bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-punch Laws, Mandatory Minimums and ‘Alcohol-Fuelled’ as an Aggravating Factor: Implications for NSW Criminal Law
Authors: Quilter Julia
Published: April 2014

This article critically examines the New South Wales State Government’s latest policy response to the problem of alcohol-related violence and anxiety about ‘one punch’ killings: the recently enacted Crimes and Other Legislation Amendment (Assault and Intoxication) Act 2014 (NSW). Based on an analysis of both the circumstances out of which it emerged, and the terms in which the new offences of assault causing death and assault causing death while intoxicated have been defined, I argue that the Act represents another example of criminal law ‘reform’ that is devoid of principle, produces a lack of coherence in the criminal law and, in its operation, is unlikely to deliver on the promise of effective crime prevention in relation to alcohol-fuelled violence.
Can Principles of “Good Practice in Assessment” Work within Higher Education? A Case Study of an Interdepartmental Assessment Exchange Project
Authors: Yakimowski Mary E. , Alfano Michael P.
Published: April 2014

This action study embraces Stassen's four principles for good practice in assessment in higher education by involving candidates of two programs—a teacher preparation program and an administrator preparation program—collaborating on an assessment project. Preservice teachers submitted “authentic” artifacts from their student-teaching experience (e.g., a videotaped lesson), while aspiring school leaders provided a detailed analysis using an assessment rubric. Results and lessons learned from this type of collaborative assessment are shared. The authors conclude by offering a model regarding how the four principles of best practice can be embedded in an assessment project that facilitates student learning.
Defense of Western Civilization or "Polish Imperialism?"
Authors: Styrna Paweł
Published: April 2014

The Kiev Offensive was a joint Polish-Ukrainian attack against Soviet forces in Ukraine in late April/early May 1920. Poland’s commander in chief, Józef Piłsudski, strove to preempt a Red Army offensive against the newly independent Polish Republic by forcing a battle in Ukraine. He also wished to deny this strategic country, the "breadbasket of Europe," to the Bolsheviks by creating a Ukrainian state allied with Poland. Piłsudski’s plan seemed to materialize as the Poles and Ukrainians swept the Soviet forces before them and liberated Kiev. The Reds soon counterattacked and drove the Poles all the way to Warsaw, where the Soviets suffered a crushing defeat. Communist expansion was temporarily halted and the independence of Poland and the Baltic states secured, at least for two decades, but Ukraine remained under Soviet rule. The communists immediately portrayed the Polish-Ukrainian push for Kiev as imperialist aggression by Polish landlords, allegedly intent on regaining their estates. Some Western historians have also depicted the Kiev Offensive as an opening shot in the Polish-Bolshevik War, in spite of the fact that the Poles and the Soviets had been wrestling for the control of the lands between the Bug and the Berezyna Rivers for over a year. Why did the distorted Soviet propaganda version weave its way even into Western history books?
A New Look at Globalization: Taking Account of the Dark Side
Authors: Weidenbaum Murray
Published: April 2014

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i8-9.128 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 8-9, 2002, Pages 54-62
Mongolian Economic Development Strategy
Authors: Dorj L , Yavuukhulan D
Published: April 2014

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i8-9.129 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 8-9, 2002, Pages 63-69
Current Mongolian Cultural Problems: Internal and External
Authors: Sarlagtay Mashbat O
Published: April 2014

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i8-9.133 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 8-9, 2002, Pages 99-105
"Más útil para la enseñanza de los niños": dos impresores ante los Tribunales Reales de Navarra (1607-1608)
Authors: Ruiz Astiz Javier
Published: April 2014

Durante el Antiguo Régimen la imprenta supuso un gran avance para la difusión de la cultura y la educación. Este hecho se pone de manifiesto si prestamos atención al enorme valor de las cartillas destinadas a la enseñanza de los niños. Su importancia provocó que fuese un producto muy demandado, por lo que todos los impresores trataron de controlar su producción para obtener grandes ingresos. Las disputas surgidas entre ellos nos hablan de un contexto en el que en numerosas ocasiones no fueron respetados los privilegios deedición existentes. En este artículo se analiza el enfrentamiento de Matías Mares y Carlos de Labayen ante los Tribunales Reales de Navarra por defender sus derechos.
Presencia de los blogs en el ámbito de la Biblioteconomía y Documentación en España: ¿Se puede hablar de una "Biblogsfera"?
Authors: Vera Baceta Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2014

El fenómeno blog ha provocado una forma natural de agrupación y comunicación entre aquellos que tienen inquietudes afines. Dentro del ámbito científico ha sucedido de la misma manera, creando comunidades de especial interés en un contexto en el que los blogs se consolidan como fuente de información y herramienta complementaria a la investigación. Si bien la libertad por parte del autor a la hora de ofrecer y organizar sus contenidos puede considerarse una de las principales virtudes y factor desencadenante del éxito de los blogs, también se convierte en uno de sus principales problemas. Los blogs, sus contenidos y sus comunidades son difícilmente identificables, clasificables y cuantificables, constituyendo un todo difuso bajo la denominación de blogosfera que en algunos casos impide la puesta en valor de su contenido. Mediante este artículo se pretende identificar los blogs relacionados con la Biblioteconomía y Documentación en España, su autoría, sus contenidos y sus relaciones para clarificar si se puede realmente hablar de una Biblogsfera.
The use of in-depth interviews to understand the process of treating lame dairy cows from the farmers’ perspective
Authors: Horseman SV , Roe EJ , Huxley JN , Bell NJ , Mason CS , Whay HR
Published: April 2014

Interventions aimed at improving animal welfare on farms may be more successful if greater attention is paid to the points of view of farmers. For example, understanding how different dairy farmers detect lame cows, decide to treat them, get them to the point of treatment, and how practical considerations that impact on this process may be important for reducing lameness on dairy farms. In-depth interviews with twelve dairy farmers were carried out to explore how this occurred on their farms. This in-depth approach allowed a number of factors influencing lameness treatment to be uncovered. The language used by farmers to describe lameness gave important insight into their perceptions of lameness and into the value they placed on prompt treatment. Farmers’ perceptions of lameness were found to affect the speed of treatment, with treatment of cows perceived to have impaired mobility or to be less severely lame sometimes delayed. Other priorities on the farm, skilled labour availability, farm infrastructure and farmers’ emotional responses to lameness treatment were all found to impact on whether or when a lame cow was treated. In order to encourage farmers to promptly treat all lame cows their perceptions of lameness and the benefits of prompt treatment must be addressed. The language used when communicating with farmers about lameness may be key to achieving this. The practical barriers, such as time and labour constraints, associated with the treatment process, must also be understood, taken into account and seen in the context of the farm management as a whole.
Abnormal behaviour in captive sooty mangabeys
Authors: Crast J , Bloomsmith MA , Perlman JE , Meeker TL , Remillard CM
Published: April 2014

The influence of several factors on abnormal behaviour was investigated in 46 singly housed sooty mangabeys(Cercocebus atys)(eight nursery-reared, 38 mother-reared), including self-injurious, self-directed, stereotypic locomotion, and faeces/urine-related behaviours (SIB, SDB, SL, FUR, respectively). An analysis of behavioural assessments spanning a mean of four years per subject showed that 83% displayed at least one form of AB during that time, with SL being the most common (mean of 3.06% of observation sessions and displayed by 59% of subjects) and SIB the least common (mean of 0.09% of all observation sessions and displayed by 20% of subjects). Like other primate species, displaying AB was influenced by the percent of life spent singly housed and by nursery-rearing during infancy. However, unlike some other primates, there was no influence of the number of yearly sedations or room relocations on AB; also, females were more likely to display AB than male mangabeys. To investigate the effects of nursery-rearing further, we compared the eight nursery-reared, singly housed subjects with eight nursery-reared subjects that were socially housed since the age of three years. While nursery-reared subjects in single housing displayed SL and FUR in higher proportions than those in social housing, subjects from both environments displayed SIB and SDB in equal proportions, suggesting that they are persistent forms of AB for nursery-reared mangabeys even after long-term social housing. To reduce future incidence of AB in captive mangabeys, we recommend minimising nursery-rearing and the duration of single-housing whenever feasible or avoiding them altogether.
La représentation politique des francophones d’Ottawa : la situation des élus francophones au conseil municipal, 2000-2010
Authors: Cardinal Linda , Mévellec Anne
Published: April 2014

Ce texte porte sur la représentation politique des francophones à la Ville d’Ottawa de 2000 à 2010 et questionne, de façon exploratoire, les rapports de force existant à l’Hôtel de ville. Pour ce faire, les auteures présentent un portrait de la situation démo-géographique des francophones à Ottawa, permettant de définir quatre types de quartiers : populeux, francophones, linguistiquement variés et anglophones. Cette typologie est ensuite utilisée pour présenter et discuter les données électorales qui permettent de conclure à une forte territorialisation et à une grande stabilité de la représentation politique francophone. Ces résultats permettront de mieux comprendre comment les intérêts francophones sont portés au conseil municipal et par la suite traités.
Ressources humaines en réception hôtelière au Vietnam : une grille de lecture socio-culturelle
Authors: Vo Thanh Tan , D’Arcy Dornan
Published: April 2014

L’article se propose de répondre à un double objectif : (1) établir un état des lieux du profil général des employés du service de réception, de leurs compétences et de leurs plans de carrière, et (2) permettre aux praticiens, nationaux et internationaux, d’appréhender le marché de travail hôtelier vietnamien. Cette recherche permet de mettre en avant dans un premier temps les compétences clés pour le poste de réceptionniste hôtelier et de formuler dans un second temps les recommandations stratégiques en matière de formation et gestion des ressources humaines dans l’industrie hôtelière au Vietnam.
L’émergence des PSL est-elle constitutive de la formation d’un mur logistique au coeur même des relations Industrie-Commerce en France : le cas des filières alimentaires fraîches et ultra-fraîches en Bretagne
Authors: Mével Olivier , Morvan Thierry , Morvan Nélida
Published: April 2014

En rapprochant très directement, au début des années 1990, la question liée à l’émergence des Prestataires de Services Logistiques (PSL) au sein de chaines logistiques multi-acteurs à celle ayant trait à la formation d’un mur logistique au coeur même des relations industrie-commerce en France, cet article, basé sur une approche empirique du terrain à un niveau régional, aborde la question des enjeux et des conséquences liées à l’irruption d’un troisième acteur au sein d’un canal actuellement dominé par le distributeur.
Reflexiones sobre el aprovechamiento docente de las nuevas tecnologías docentes por parte de los estudiantes de Geografía de la Universitat de Valencia.
Authors: Pitarch Garrido María Dolores , Albertos Puebla Juan Miguel
Published: April 2014

La puesta en marcha de los nuevos Grados de Geografía en las universidades españolas supone la necesidad de incorporar nuevas metodologías didácticas entre las que destaca el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Las universidades han invertido capitales y recursos humanos importantes para ofrecer tanto a profesores como a estudiantes un acceso fácil y amplio a estas tecnologías. Es el caso de la Universidad de Valencia, en la que desde hace años se dispone de un Aula Virtual, una web institucional, múltiples recursos en red, etc., que facilitan enormemente la comunicación en el entorno universitario. Por otra parte, existen importantísimos recursos de tipo geográfico o territorial (sitios web especializados, bases de datos, visores de cartografía, revistas electrónicas, etc.) disponibles para el público en general. Sin embargo, no conocemos bien cuál es el uso que realizan los estudiantes de Geografía de esas herramientas (en particular, internet) y de los dispositivos que ofrecen las nuevas formas de comunicación para mejorar su proceso de aprendizaje (completar la información de clase, realizar ensayos y trabajos prácticos, etc.). A partir de una encuesta realizada a todos los estudiantes, tanto de Grado como de Licenciatura, se pretende exponer la realidad actual en este tema para el caso de Valencia y reflexionar sobre acciones y métodos didácticos por parte del profesorado que puedan contribuir a una mejor interacción entre las competencias tecnológicas y los métodos de enseñanza apoyados en el uso de las TICs.
Geoinformación e innovación en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la geografía: un reto pendiente en los libros de texto de secundaria
Authors: De Miguel González Rafael
Published: April 2014

La mayor parte de los libros de texto de Ciencias Sociales en Tercero de ESO y de Geografía en Segundo de Bachillerato han ido actualizando en los últimos años determinados contenidos, actividades y recursos para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del espacio geográfico con el fin de adaptarse a los requerimientos del nuevo currículo prescrito tras la implantación de la LOE. No obstante, no se ha producido la suficiente incorporación de elementos innovadores, en especial de métodos y actividades disponibles tras la reciente difusión de numerosos recursos didácticos digitales basados en la geoinformación, tal y como sucede en buena parte de los países de nuestro entorno.
Imagen de la Física universitaria: el punto de vista del profesor y del alumno
Authors: Perales Palacios Francisco Javier , García José Antonio , Huertas Rafael , Gómez-Robledo Luis
Published: April 2014

Este trabajo pretende indagar en algunos factores cognitivos y actitudinales que inciden en la elección y adaptación de los alumnos que ingresan en carreras científicas. Para ello se parte de una revisión teórica sobre las actitudes hacia la ciencia y la orientación vocacional. Posteriormente se describen los resultados de sendas encuestas realizadas a alumnos de Ingeniería Química y de Óptica, así como a algunos profesores, una de ellas diferida en un periodo de cinco años para alumnos de esta última titulación y la otra aplicada tras la visualización de algunas experiencias de laboratorio. Se discuten los resultados de los distintos item, tanto para cada muestra como comparativamente, y se reflexiona sobre posibles alternativas para mejorar la elección de carreras científicas.
¿Está en crisis el darwinismo? Los nuevos modelos de la biología evolutiva y sus implicaciones didácticas
Authors: González Galli Leonardo Martín , Meinardi Elsa Noemí
Published: April 2014

Actualmente la “Síntesis evolutiva” está transitando un proceso de revisión y ampliación que implica complejos debates en el campo de la biología evolutiva. En este contexto, muchos docentes manifiestan una escasa comprensión de los nuevos modelos en discusión y de cómo estos se relacionan con aquellos en que se basa la “Síntesis”, lo que los lleva, en algunos casos, a considerar que el modelo de evolución por selección natural no debe ser enseñado porque ha perdido vigencia. En el presente trabajo, basándonos en una concepción semántica de las teorías científicas, proponemos que los nuevos modelos no pueden ser considerados alternativos, sino complementarios del modelo darwiniano. De esta forma, la enseñanza del modelo de evolución por selección natural debería seguir siendo un eje estructurante para la formación en biología en la escuela media.
Percepción de la educación para la salud en el personal docente y el sanitario
Authors: Talavera Marta , Gavidia Catalan Valentin
Published: April 2014

Los programas de Educación para la Salud (EpS) escolar necesitan la colaboración entre el personal sanitario y el docente, lo que requiere que se compartan conceptos e ideas. El presente trabajo trata de conocer las concepciones de Salud y de EpS, que posee el personal docente y el sanitario que participa en estos proyectos. Se ha tomado una muestra de 118 docentes que llevaban a cabo programas de EpS en la ciudad de Valencia en el curso 2010-11 coordinados por la Escuela Valenciana de Salud Pública (EVES), y 102 sanitarios que colaboraban en dichos proyectos. Los docentes opinan que la familia y el personal sanitario deben tener mayores responsabilidades que ellos mismos. Por el contrario, los sanitarios opinan que la responsabilidad principal debe recaer entre el profesorado.
¿El profesorado de física y química incorpora los resultados de la investigación en didáctica?
Authors: Solbes Matarredona Jordi , Domínguez-Sales M. Consuelo , Fernández Sánchez José , Furió Más Carles , Guisasola Aranzabal Jenaro , Cantó Domenech José
Published: April 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si la investigación realizada en didáctica de las ciencias informa la práctica docente del profesorado. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio con 35 docentes de Física y Química, que ha puesto de manifiesto una serie de datos objetivos como experiencia, conocimiento didáctico inicial y formación posterior, así como los factores que han podido influir en los cambios que su desarrollo como profesional han producido en su actividad docente. Los resultados se han obtenido utilizando tres herramientas: un cuestionario, una entrevista personal y la observación directa de su actividad en el aula. Cada profesor respondió personalmente los dos primeros y, además, fue observado durante 8 semanas en su actividad docente en el aula. Para recoger la información se utilizó un protocolo de 34 ítems que recoge los aspectos que la investigación considera fundamentales para el conocimiento didáctico del profesor (PCK), así como otros desarrollados específicamente para este trabajo. Los resultados encontrados ponen de manifiesto que este profesorado sigue desarrollando su práctica docente al margen de los resultados de la investigación.
Necesidad de la Transición a la Sostenibilidad: papel de los medios de comunicación en la formación ciudadana
Authors: Calero María , Vilches Amparo , Gil Pérez Daniel
Published: April 2014

Los grandes retos a los que se enfrenta hoy lahumanidad para lograr la transición a la sostenibilidad – desde erradicar elhambre y la pobreza extrema a combatir el cambio climático y la pérdida dediversidad biológica y cultural- exigen el pleno desarrollo de la Ciencia de laSostenibilidad, un nuevo campo de conocimientos interdisciplinar ytransdisciplinar, que incorpora a la ciudadanía en sus estudios y toma dedecisiones. La formación ciudadana constituye para ello un requisito fundamental:una formación que no puede limitarse a la educación reglada y a la que puede ydebe contribuir la prensa y demás medios de comunicación, superando los seriosobstáculos que limitan hoy su eficacia.
Alfabetización histórica y competencias básicas en libros de texto de historia y en aprendizajes de estudiantes
Authors: Sáiz Serrano Jorge
Published: April 2014

Este trabajo relaciona el enfoque por competencias educativas básicas con las destrezas del pensamiento histórico entendido como alfabetización histórica: el planteamiento y solución de problemas, el análisis de fuentes históricas y la construcción de narrativas. Se presentan unas variables para examinar dichas habilidades tanto en libros de texto como en aprendizajes de estudiantes, aportando resultados de una investigación doctoral en curso. Se analiza una muestra de actividades de manuales escolares españoles de Historia (de 1º, 2º y 4º de ESO y de 2º de Bachillerato) y, por otro lado, niveles de aprendizaje histórico del alumnado a partir de exámenes de la Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad de “Historia de España” de un tribunal valenciano. Palabras clave: Alfabetización histórica, competencias básicas, pensamiento histórico, libros de texto de Historia, progreso de aprendizaje de alumnado, fuentes históricas
La transposición didáctica del funcionamiento hidrostático de un órgano complejo: la vejiga natatoria de los peces
Authors: Carrasquer Zamora José , Ponz Miranda Adrián , Álvarez Sevilla María Victoria , Lázaro Peinado Carmen , Bujeda Gómez Joaquín
Published: April 2014

La aparente sencillez de funcionamiento de la vejiga natatoria equiparándola a un globo o flotador, puede ocasionar una distorsión en el aprendizaje introduciendo concepciones superadas por la comunidad científica.
Effect of Buckwheat Processing Products on Dough and Bread Quality Made from Whole-Wheat Flour
Authors: Drobot Vira , Semenova Anastasiya , Smirnova Jelyzaveta , Mykhonik Larisa
Published: April 2014

The paper gives a brief overview of the current nutritional status of the Ukrainian population and describes useful buckwheat properties. The objective of the paper is to study the effect of buckwheat processing products (flour and flakes) on the technological process and quality of bread made from whole-wheat flour. This paper describes and analyzes research data on the rheological properties of dough samples which were determined by farinograph and amylograph.Investigation of structural and mechanical properties of dough showed an increase in water-absorbing capacity in all samples when adding buckwheat products. Moreover, dough made with buckwheat flakes has a lower value of mixing tolerance index (by 47 %) than dough made from buckwheat flour, and a higher valorimetric value (by 20 %). Determination of dough properties by amylogram has shown that a sample containing buckwheat flakes has a higher maximum viscosity than a sample containing buckwheat flour. Determination of the gas-production and gas-retention capacity of dough is also presented, along with an analysis of the quality of finished products based on the results of laboratory baking tests.The samples of bread supplemented with buckwheat flakes have better shape stability (by 21 %), specific volume (by 12 %) and porosity (by 11 %) than bread made from buckwheat flour. The organoleptic evaluation of finished product quality has shown that bread supplemented with buckwheat flakes has a more fluffy-texture, elastic crumb and uniform porosity than bread made from buckwheat flour. Buckwheat flakes proved to have a better effect on parameters of the technological process and quality of bread when compared with buckwheat flour.
Determination of the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of seeds from three commercial varieties of culinary dates
Authors: Mistrello Jacopo , Sirisena Sameera Dewundara , Ghavami Abdollah , Marshall Richard James , Krishnamoorthy Suresh
Published: April 2014

Date seeds are a major waste product of the date industry that could offer potentially valuable material for the production of useful food ingredients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the seeds of three date varieties of the UK market (Deglet Nour, Khouat Allig, and Zahidi) for their proximate composition, total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC) contents and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with a view to their eventual industrial application. Carbohydrates were present in the highest concentrations varying between 74.13 and 76.54 g 100 g-1 of date seed powder (DSP) on dry weight (DW) basis, followed in descending order by fats (7.64-8.84 g 100 g-1) and proteins (4.35-5.51 g 100 g-1). Potassium was found in high amounts with values ranging between 280.55 and 293.13 mg 100 g-1. The majority of the total phenolic content (2058-2984 mg GAE 100 g-1) was assumed to be composed of flavonoids (1271-1932 mg CAE 100 g-1). These families of dietary phenolics may be the major ones responsible for the high antioxidant capacity reported in date seeds, which varied from 12540 and 27699 µmol TE 100 g-1. These results suggest that date seeds can be considered a potential raw material for natural, active ingredients for food applications as well as an unexplored source of novel nutraceuticals and dietary supplements.
Effect of protease inhibitors on thermal gelation of squid (Illex argentinus). mantle paste
Authors: Paredi Maria Elida , Manca Emilio Aldo , Crupkin Marcos
Published: April 2014

The characteristics of the thermal gelation of squid mantle paste and the effect of protease inhibitors on them were investigated. Pastes in the absence and presence the protease inhibitors, ethylendiaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), were formulated. Pastes were made by the respective one or two step thermal treatments: direct heating at 85°C for 20 min and preincubation at 27 or 40 °C for 3 or 2 hours, followed by heating at 85 °C for 20 min. The gel strength, water holding capacity (WHC) and whiteness of gelled pastes were analyzed. The tricloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble peptides in homogenate of the muscle were determined. Gel strength decreased when heating was made in two steps. EDTA and PMSF were effective in avoiding that decrease when pre-incubation was made at 40 °C. Maximum gel strength was observed for the gels in presence of EDTA, giving values of 255 and 219 g x cm for the samples made by direct heating and pre-incubated at 40 °C  respectively. TCA soluble peptides increased between 20 and 60 °C, with maximum values reached at 30 and 60 °C. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in gel whiteness, neither with the thermal treatment nor with the inhibitors. The WHC was higher (p<0.05) in the gelated paste formulated with EDTA. These results show a good gelation capacity of I argentinus pastes and improvements with protease inhibitors. 
Effect of texturized soy protein on quality characteristics of beef samosas
Authors: Omwamba Mary , Mahungu Symon M. , Faraj Abdul K.
Published: April 2014

Texturized soy protein (TSP) granules obtained from defatted soy flour were used to replace beef at 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels in samosa stuffing. The moisture, protein and ash content of the stuffing increased with an increase in the amount of texturized soy protein while the fat content decreased significantly (p<0.05) with an increase in the amount of texturized soy protein. Sensory evaluation of baked samosas showed no significant (p>0.05) difference in appearance, taste and overall acceptability with inclusion of texturized soy protein. However there were significant (p<0.05) differences in flavour, texture and willingness to purchase between 100% beef and 100% TSP samosas. There was a reduction in the moisture content while the protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate content increased in baked as compared to raw samples, both in the control and TSP50 samosas. The caloric value of the baked samosas was 24.07% lower in TSP added samples compared to 100% beef samples (control). Lipid oxidation increased with storage time from 0.25 to 0.68 mg malonaldehyde/kg in the control and from 0.21 to 0.39 mg malonaldehyde/kg in TSP50 samosas. The oxidation in the control was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in TSP50. The results suggest that TSP granules can be use with up to 50% addition in samosa products without significant differences in sensory attributes.
Interaction of subducted slabs with the mantle transition‐zone: A regime diagram from 2‐D thermo‐mechanical models with a mobile trench and an overriding plate
Authors: Garel F. , Goes S. , Davies D. R. , Davies J. H. , Kramer S. C. , Wilson C. R.
Published: April 2014

Transition zone slab deformation influences Earth's thermal, chemical, and tectonic evolution. However, the mechanisms responsible for the wide range of imaged slab morphologies remain debated. Here we use 2‐D thermo‐mechanical models with a mobile trench, an overriding plate, a temperature and stress‐dependent rheology, and a 10, 30, or 100‐fold increase in lower mantle viscosity, to investigate the effect of initial subducting and overriding‐plate ages on slab‐transition zone interaction. Four subduction styles emerge: (i) a “vertical folding” mode, with a quasi‐stationary trench, near‐vertical subduction, and buckling/folding at depth (VF); (ii) slabs that induce mild trench retreat, which are flattened/“horizontally deflected” and stagnate at the upper‐lower mantle interface (HD); (iii) inclined slabs, which result from rapid sinking and strong trench retreat (ISR); (iv) a two‐stage mode, displaying backward‐bent and subsequently inclined slabs, with late trench retreat (BIR). Transitions from regime (i) to (iii) occur with increasing subducting plate age (i.e., buoyancy and strength). Regime (iv) develops for old (strong) subducting and overriding plates. We find that the interplay between trench motion and slab deformation at depth dictates the subduction style, both being controlled by slab strength, which is consistent with predictions from previous compositional subduction models. However, due to feedbacks between deformation, sinking rate, temperature, and slab strength, the subducting plate buoyancy, overriding plate strength, and upper‐lower mantle viscosity jump are also important controls in thermo‐mechanical subduction. For intermediate upper‐lower mantle viscosity jumps (×30), our regimes reproduce the diverse range of seismically imaged slab morphologies.
Clarithromycin overcomes resistance to lenalidomide and dexamethasone in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjan , Tucker Noah , Zahurak Marianna , Wozney Jocelyn , Borrello Ivan , Huff Carol Ann
Published: April 2014

The combination of clarithromycin, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (BiRd) has led to highly durable responses in newly diagnosed myeloma. However, the ability of clarithromycin to overcome resistance to lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) is not known. To study this, we performed a retrospective analysis of 24 patients with myeloma for which clarithromycin was added to Rd at the time of progression on Rd. The median number of prior therapies was 3 (range 1–8). The best response was complete response (CR) in one (4.2%), very good partial response (VGPR) in one (4.2%) and partial response in eight (33.3%) patients. Ten patients, 41.7% (95% CI: 22.1, 63.4), achieved ≥PR. The median time to response was 4.4 months (range 1–13.6 months) and the median duration of response was 6.9 months (range 3–52.2 months). The clinical benefit rate (CR + VGPR + PR + MR) was 45.8% (95% CI 25.6, 67.2). The median progression‐free survival was 4 months. Median overall survival was 25 months with a median follow‐up of 27.5 months. The regimen was well tolerated and only 2 patients needed a clarithromycin dose reduction. Addition of clarithromycin to Rd can overcome resistance to Rd in a subset of patients and lead to durable clinical responses. Am. J. Hematol. 89:E116–E120, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemoimmunotherapy for relapsed/refractory and progressive 17p13‐deleted chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) combining pentostatin, alemtuzumab, and low‐dose rituximab is effective and tolerable and limits loss of CD20 expression by circulating CLL cells
Authors: Zent Clive S. , Taylor Ronald P. , Lindorfer Margaret A. , Beum Paul V. , LaPlant Betsy , Wu Wenting , Call Timothy G. , Bowen Deborah A. , Conte Michael J. , Frederick Lori A. , Link Brian K. , Blackwell Sue E. , Veeramani Suresh , Baig Nisar A. , Viswanatha David S. , Weiner George J. , Witzig Thomas E.
Published: April 2014

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) patients with purine analog refractory disease or TP53 dysfunction still have limited treatment options and poor survival. Alemtuzumab‐containing chemoimmunotherapy regimens can be effective but frequently cause serious infections. We report a Phase II trial testing the efficacy and tolerability of a short‐duration regimen combining pentostatin, alemtuzumab, and low‐dose high‐frequency rituximab designed to decrease the risk of treatment‐associated infections and to limit the loss of CD20 expression by CLL cells. The study enrolled 39 patients with progressive CLL that was either relapsed/refractory (n = 36) or previously untreated with 17p13 deletion (17p13−) (n = 3). Thirteen (33%) patients had both 17p13− and TP53 mutations predicted to be dysfunctional, and eight patients had purine analog refractory CLL without TP53 dysfunction. Twenty‐six (67%) patients completed therapy, with only five (13%) patients having treatment‐limiting toxicity and no treatment‐related deaths. Twenty‐two (56%) patients responded to treatment, with 11 (28%) complete responses (four with incomplete bone marrow recovery). Median progression‐free survival was 7.2 months, time to next treatment was 9.1 months, and overall survival was 34.1 months. The majority of deaths (82%) were caused by progressive disease, including transformed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (n = 6). Correlative studies showed that low‐dose rituximab activates complement and natural killer cells without a profound and sustained decrease in expression of CD20 by circulating CLL cells. We conclude that pentostatin, alemtuzumab, and low‐dose high‐frequency rituximab is a tolerable and effective therapy for CLL and that low‐dose rituximab therapy can activate innate immune cytotoxic mechanisms without substantially decreasing CD20 expression. Am. J. Hematol. 89:757–765, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of combustion behaviors and pollutant emissions using bituminous coal and corncob in a fluidized bed combustor
Authors: Duan Feng , Chyang Chien‐Song , Tso Jim
Published: April 2014

The combustion behaviors and pollutant emissions of corncob and bituminous coal in a pilot scale vortexing fluidized bed combustor was compared. The flue gas recirculation combustion mode was used in this study. The effects of operating parameters, such as stoichiometric oxygen ratio, and bed temperature on the pollutant emissions were investigated. The results show that the combustion fractions vary with different kinds of fuels, resulting in different CO and NOx emission characteristics. Corncob combusts primarily in the freeboard zone, whereas bituminous coal combusts primarily in the bed zone. Therefore, the CO emission decreases with the increasing bed temperature in bituminous coal combustion, whereas the effect of bed temperature on CO emission is not obvious in corncob combustion. The CO emission of corncob combustion decreases with the stoichiometric oxygen ratio, whereas the CO emission of bituminous coal combustion has the inverse trend. For both fuels, the NOx emissions increase with the bed temperature but decrease with the stoichiometric oxygen ratio. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and application in drug controlled delivery of pH‐sensitive P(CE‐co‐DMAEMA‐co‐MEG) hydrogel
Authors: Wang Fang Ping , Zhang Jun Ying , Mu Hu Po , Li Wan Xia , Yuan Ting , Du Xin Zhen
Published: April 2014

A pH‐sensitive hydrogel [P(CE‐co‐DMAEMA‐co‐MEG)] was synthesized by the free‐radical crosslinking polymerization of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate(MPEG‐Mac) and methoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(caprolactone)‐methacryloyl methchloride (PCE‐Mac). The effects of pH and monomer content on swelling property, swelling and deswelling kinetics of the hydrogels were examined and hydrogel microstructures were investigated by SEM. Sodium salicylate was chosen as a model drug and the controlled‐release properties of hydrogels were pilot studied. The results indicated that the swelling ratios of the gels in stimulated gastric fluids (SGF, pH = 1.4) were higher than those in stimulated intestinal fluids (SIF, pH = 7.4), and followed a non‐Fickian and a Fickian diffusion mechanism, respectively. In vitro release studies showed that its release rate depends on different swelling of the network as a function of the environmental pH and DMAEMA content. SEM micrographs showed homogenous pore structure of the hydrogel with open pores at pH 1.4. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40737.
MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst containing dibenzoyl sulfide donor for propylene polymerization
Authors: Kim Ga‐Hee , Um Byung‐Hwan , Son Ki‐Chul , Oh Kyeongseok , Koh Hyoung‐Lim
Published: April 2014

Polypropylene (PP) was synthesized in the presence of Ziegler–Natta catalysts composed of MgCl2‐TiCl4‐internal donor/AlR3‐external donor. Diisobutyl phthalate is a well‐known internal donor in current PP production. Nevertheless, phthalates are often blamed as endocrine disruptors. The objective is to find an ecofriendly internal donor producing PP with maintaining its physical properties. When using dibenzoyl sulfide, synthesized PP shows the superiority to diisobutyl phthalate in the activity of catalyst (40 vs. 22 kg PP/g catalyst), the isotacticity of polymer (99.5 vs. 98.0 wt % of heptane insolubles), and the molecular weight distribution of PP product (Mw/Mn = 4.8 vs. 4). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40743.
Morphology and antibacterial properties of natural rubber composites based on biosynthesized nanosilver
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Xue Xinghua , Zhang Ziqi , Liu Yafei , Li Guang
Published: April 2014

The objective of this work is to improve the properties of natural rubber composites (NRC) that were frequently used in medical and health supplies, using nanosilver additions. Silver nanocolloids were biosynthesized with an aqueous medium of aloe leaf extract (ALE) as capping agent, and then were filled in natural rubber matrix to prepare nanosilver‐based NRC. UV–vis spectrophotometer, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopic analyses proved that the particle size of resultant silver was about 20 nm. The antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria of NRC were dependable on the silver nanoparticles content and the treating methods on ALE, which was used in synthesizing silver nanocolloids. The morphology and thermal stability effect of nanosilver on NRC were determined with scanning electron microscopic and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40746.
Friction and wear of fiber reinforced polyimide composites in electron or proton irradiation
Authors: Zheng Fei , Zhang Xinrui , Zhao Gai , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei
Published: April 2014

The polyimide (PI) composites reinforced with carbon fibers, glass fibers, and aramid fibers were fabricated by means of a hot‐press molding technique and irradiated by electron or proton for a certain time. The friction and wear behavior after irradiation, sliding against GCr15 steel balls, were evaluated in a ground‐based simulation facility using ball‐on‐disk tribosystem. The change of the chemical composition of the radiated surface was examined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The worn morphologies and radiated surfaces of the materials were observed by scanning electron microscope to reveal the wear mechanism. Experimental analysis indicated that the chemical composition of the materials changed and an irradiated layer was formed at the surface. This irradiation layer had an important effect on the friction and wear behavior of the PI composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40774.
REARRANGING NATURALLY OCCURRING CONTINGENCIES TO INCREASE DESIRABLE BEHAVIOR IN A TODDLER CLASSROOM
Authors: Rodriguez Nicole M. , Thompson Rachel H. , Haremza Jessica L.
Published: April 2014

Toddlers often display problem behavior during transitions. We rearranged naturally occurring events in a toddler classroom to promote more desirable classroom behavior during transitions to meals. In the intervention condition, teachers transitioned each child to meals only when that child was seated on a play mat (a requisite for engagement in teacher‐led play activities). In the reversal condition, teachers selected each child to transition when that child was by the barrier to the meal area (a practice commonly observed under natural conditions). The intervention increased the mean percentage of intervals when children were on the play mat and decreased the percentage of intervals when children were by the barrier. Individual child data show positive outcomes for five of six children. Results are discussed in terms of the positive effects of small manipulations to existing contingencies on classroom behavior as well as their potential influence on the adoptability of classroom interventions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of alpha‐fetoprotein levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Implications for its clinical use
Authors: Giannini Edoardo G. , Sammito Giorgio , Farinati Fabio , Ciccarese Francesca , Pecorelli Anna , Rapaccini Gian Lodovico , Di Marco Mariella , Caturelli Eugenio , Zoli Marco , Borzio Franco , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Felder Martina , Gasbarrini Antonio , Sacco Rodolfo , Foschi Francesco Giuseppe , Missale Gabriele , Morisco Filomena , Svegliati Baroni Gianluca , Virdone Roberto , Trevisani Franco ,   for the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) Group
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

α‐Fetoprotein (AFP) is a biomarker commonly used in the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the possible determinants of its serum levels in these patients have not been adequately explored. For this study, the authors evaluated the relevance of demographic, clinical, and oncologic factors to the presence of elevated AFP levels in large cohort of patients with HCC.

METHODS

In 4123 patients with HCC who were managed by the Italian Liver Cancer Group, AFP levels were assessed along with their association with demographic, biochemical, clinical, and oncologic characteristics. Patients were subdivided according to the presence of elevated AFP (ie, >10 ng/mL).

RESULTS

AFP levels were elevated in 62.4% of patients with HCC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that being a woman (odds ratio [OR], 1.497; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.250‐1.793; P < .0001), the presence of cirrhosis (OR, 1.538; 95% CI, 1.050‐2.254; P = .027), liver disease with viral etiology (OR, 1.900; 95% CI, 1.589‐2.272; P < .0001), an elevated alanine aminotransferase level (OR, 1.878; 95% CI, 1.602‐2.202; P < .0001), a low albumin level (OR, 1.301; 95% CI, 1.110‐1.525; P = .012), an HCC tumor size >2 cm (OR, 1.346; 95% CI, 1.135‐2.596; P = .001), multinodular HCC (OR, 1.641; 95% CI, 1.403‐1.920; P < .0001), and the presence of vascular invasion (OR, 1.774; 95% CI, 1.361‐2.311; P < .0001) were associated independently with elevated levels of AFP. Both the median AFP level and the proportion of patients who had elevated levels increased with decreasing degrees of HCC differentiation (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Sex and features of chronic liver disease were identified as nontumor characteristics that influence serum AFP levels in patients with HCC. These findings should be taken into account as limitations in interpreting the oncologic meaning of this biomarker in clinical practice. Cancer 2014;120:2150–2157. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Durable Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Polyurethane Sponges Inspired by Mussel and Lotus Leaf for the Selective Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water
Authors: Li Bucheng , Li Lingxiao , Wu Lei , Zhang Junping , Wang Aiqin
Published: April 2014

The low stability of most superhydrophobic materials is one of the hurdles faced in terms of their practical applications. Inspired by mussel and lotus leaf, we report the fabrication of durable superhydrophobic/superoleophilic polyurethane (PU) sponges for the selective removal of organic pollutants from water. The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic PU sponges are prepared through in‐turn covalent modification of PU sponges with polydopamine, silver nanoparticles, and dodecyl mercaptan. The morphology and surface chemical composition of the sponges are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, the wetting behaviors, stability, and oil/water separation performance of the superhydrophobic sponges are studied. The modified PU sponges show promising superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties. The sponge has a water contact angle of about 155° and a shedding angle of approximately 3°, whereas the contact angle of oil is around 0°. In addition, the superhydrophobic coating on the PU sponge exhibits excellent mechanical, chemical, and environmental stability, for example, upon laundering, intensive scalpel scratching, long‐duration immersion in organic liquids and oils, and subjection to harsh temperatures and UV irradiation. Moreover, the superhydrophobic sponge can be used repeatedly for the selective and quick absorption of various insoluble organic pollutants (for example, petrol, crude oil, and chloroform) from water with high separation efficiency.
SEDP‐based detection of low‐rate DoS attacks
Authors: Wu Zhijun , Yue Meng , Li Douzhe , Xie Ke
Published: April 2014

Low‐rate Denial of Service (LDoS) is a new type of TCP‐targeted attacks, which attempt to deny bandwidth to TCP flows while sending at sufficiently low‐average rate to elude detection of DoS defense system. Therefore, LDoS attacks are difficult to be detected by routers and counter‐DoS mechanisms. In this paper, an approach of detecting LDoS attacks is proposed by using the technology of signal processing based on the model of spectral energy distribution probability. The proposed approach calculates variances between the incoming traffic of normal TCP and attack flows to a server by using packet sampling sequence within a certain period. The network traffic is converted from the time domain to the frequency domain forming a spectral signal, and the distribution probability of spectral energy is estimated based on spectrum characteristics of rectangular pulses. This approach explores that the energy of LDoS attacks is mostly distributed in the main lobe width while that of normal TCP traffic is just concentrated near zero in frequency domain. Both the spectral energy of normal TCP traffic and LDoS attacks distributed in main lobe are calculated, and an energy threshold is set as decision value based on statistical results according to energy distribution properties. The existence of LDoS attacks is determined and detected by comparing calculated variances with the preset decision threshold value. Tests on the detection performance of the proposed approach were performed in NS‐2 simulation environment, and detection rate was obtained by Hypothesis test. Experiment results show that the proposed approach has higher detection accuracy and less computation consuming. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.