bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcome of Noncardiac Surgery in Patients With History of Coronary Artery Revascularization by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Park Jungchan , Lee Seung Hwa , Kim Jeayoun , Park Myungsoo , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol , Tak Lee Young , Maria Lee Sangmin
Published: January 2018

Objective:

Although safety concerns still remain among patients undergoing unanticipated noncardiac surgery after prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), it has not been directly compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery in patients with prior (>6 months) coronary revascularization by PCI or CABG.

Methods:

From February 2010 to December 2015, 413 patients with a history of coronary revascularization, scheduled for noncardiac surgery were identified. Patients were divided into PCI group and CABG group and postoperative clinical outcome was compared between 2 groups. The primary outcome was composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in 1-year follow-up.

Results:

The 413 patients were divided according to prior coronary revascularization types: 236 (57.1%) into PCI and 177 (42.9%) into CABG group. In multivariate analysis within 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in clinical outcome which was composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-2.93; P = .24). The same result was present in propensity-matched population analysis (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.68-3.0; P = .34).

Conclusions:

In patients undergoing noncardiac surgery with prior coronary revascularization by PCI or CABG performed on an average of 42 months after PCI and 50 months after CABG, postoperative clinical outcome at 1-year follow-up is comparable.
Bacterial Pneumonia in Elderly Japanese Populations
Authors: Miyashita Naoya , Yamauchi Yasuhiro
Published: January 2018

Bacterial pneumonia is one of the most important infectious diseases in terms of incidence, effect on quality of life, mortality, and impact on society. Pneumonia was the third leading cause of death in Japan in 2011. In 2016, 119 650 Japanese people died of pneumonia, 96% of whom were aged 65 years and above. The symptoms of pneumonia in elderly people are often atypical. Aspiration pneumonia is seen more frequently than in young people because of swallowing dysfunction in the elderly. The mortality rate is also higher in the elderly than in young people. In Japan, the population is aging at an unprecedented rate, and pneumonia in the elderly will be increasingly important in medicine and medical economics in the future. To manage pneumonia in the elderly, it is important to accurately evaluate its severity, administer appropriate antibiotic treatment, and implement effective preventive measures.
Becoming a decolonial feminist ethnographer: Addressing the complexities of positionality and representation
Authors: Manning Jennifer
Published: January 2018

Organisation and management scholars are often preoccupied with developing, refining and advancing knowledge, and in so doing, the empirical process through which knowledge is advanced can be ignored together with the impact this process can have on participants and scholars. This article draws attention to how management scholars might negotiate the complexities of positionality and representation through an illustrative case: my experience of becoming a decolonial feminist ethnographer. Drawing upon my doctoral research, I share the experience of my ethnographic journey to become a decolonial feminist ethnographer. Developing a decolonial feminist approach to ethnography enabled me to identify positionality and representation as the key complexities of engaging in research with marginalised ‘Others’ while also providing me with the tools to address these complexities. This is not to say that becoming a decolonial feminist ethnographer is the only way to engage in research with marginalised ‘Others’, but this critical approach encourages researcher reflexivity and helps in addressing the issues of positionality and representation. My approach suggests an alternative way of ‘seeing and doing’ ethnography motivated by an ethical commitment to the participants and the desire to respect their knowledge and experiences.
Effect of non-Newtonian lubrication of squeeze film conical bearing with the porous wall operating with Rabinowitsch fluid model
Authors: Rao PS , Rahul AK , Agarwal S
Published: January 2018

In this article, a theoretical study is made to explore the effect of squeezing film in conical bearing for the permeable porous wall utilizing non-Newtonian lubricants. The Permeable medium impacts are characterized by modified Darcy’s law. The modified Reynolds equation representing the non-Newtonian properties following the cubic stress law condition is determined. After general contemplations on the flow in a bearing clearance and in a porous wall, the Cameron approximation is used to acquire modified Reynolds equation. The perturbation technique is used to solve the modified Reynolds equation and closed-form expressions are obtained for the fluid film pressure, load capacity, and response time. The results are illustrated by the graphical representation which shows that the introduction of porous on conical bearing with Rabinowitsch fluid, dilatant lubricant increases the film pressure, load capacity, and response time and decrease for pseudoplastic lubricant as compared to Newtonian fluid.
The missing left? Economic crisis and the programmatic response of social democratic parties in Europe
Authors: Bremer Björn
Published: January 2018

How have social democratic parties responded to the recent economic crisis? For many observers, the Great Recession and the prevalence of austerity in response to it have contributed to a crisis of social democracy in Europe. This article examines the programmatic response of social democratic parties to this crisis in 11 Western European countries. It uses an original data set that records the salience that parties attribute to different issues and the positions that they adopt with regard to these issues during electoral campaigns and compares the platforms of social democratic parties before and after 2008. For this purpose, the article disentangles economic issues into three different categories and shows that this is necessary in order to understand party competition during the Great Recession: while social democratic parties shifted to the left with regard to issues relating to welfare and economic liberalism, they largely accepted the need for budgetary rigour and austerity policies.
Party competition and political representation in crisis
Authors: Conti Nicolò , Hutter Swen , Nanou Kyriaki
Published: January 2018

The aim of the special issue is to investigate through a comparative lens the impact of the recent economic crisis and consequent austerity measures on party competition and political representation in Europe. All six contributions focus on the substance of political conflict and provide new insights about the impact of the crisis on (a) the policy agendas of political parties, (b) the relationship between government and opposition parties, and (c) how citizens’ preferences are represented by political parties. Theoretically, the contributions link the literatures on party competition, responsiveness, agenda-setting, and social movements. Empirically, they provide new empirical material, in particular on the countries in Southern Europe which were hard hit by the crisis. The introduction presents the rationale of the special issue and summarizes the focus and findings of the six contributions.
Social media celebrity and the institutionalization of YouTube
Authors: Hou Mingyi
Published: January 2018

This study explores the industrial underpinning and the cultural logic of social media celebrity. Social media visibility may be considered as an alternative way to fame as it bypasses the gatekeeper role played by the entertainment and mass media industries. However, the institutionalization of social media platforms like YouTube and the professionalization of amateur content creation may lead to social media becoming a new locale for industrialized celebrity manufacturing. Taking YouTube beauty vloggers as an example, this study shows that being a celebrity on social media is economically embedded in an industrial structure constituted by the platform’s business model, technical affordances, the advertising market, and commercial cultural intermediaries. Social media celebrity’s status is achieved not only through a set of affiliative, representational, and celebrification techniques, but also by engaging in meticulous entrepreneurial calculation considering the abovementioned industrial factors. This emerging industrial structure is associated with a new cultural logic of celebrity that distinguishes the fame native to social media from that on the silver screen and television. This study shows that social media celebrity is characterized by staged authenticity, managed connectedness with audience, the abundance of celebrity figures, and the cultural preoccupation with self-sufficient uniqueness.
Do religious and spiritual identity confer risk for hypertension via psychosocial and lifestyle factors?
Authors: McIntosh Roger C , Ironson Gail , Krause Neal
Published: January 2018

The total and indirect effect of hostility on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was compared as a function of religious and spirituality identity in a nationally representative sample of 2971 adults aged 46.44 years. Structural equation modeling uncovered an indirect path from hostility to diastolic blood pressure via unhealthy behaviors and hostility to unhealthy behaviors via social isolation. Compared to a non-religious/non-spiritual reference group, the effect for unhealthy behaviors on diastolic blood pressure was greater for those endorsing some form of religious identity. However, the direction of the effect for hostility on social isolation and social isolation on unhealthy behaviors was reversed in those endorsing spiritual and religious identity.
Does need for cognitive closure explain individual differences in lung cancer screening? A brief report
Authors: Lillie Sarah E , Fu Steven S , Fabbrini Angela E , Rice Kathryn L , Clothier Barbara A , Doro Elizabeth , Melzer Anne C , Partin Melissa R
Published: January 2018

The need for cognitive closure describes the extent to which a person, faced with a decision, prefers any answer in lieu of continued uncertainty. This construct may be relevant in lung cancer screening, which can both reduce and increase uncertainty. We examined whether individual differences in need for cognitive closure are associated with Veterans’ completion of lung cancer screening using a self-administered survey ( N = 361). We also assessed whether need for cognitive closure moderates an association between screening completion and lung cancer risk perception. Contrary to our main hypothesis, high need for cognitive closure Veterans were not more likely to complete lung cancer screening and need for cognitive closure did not have a moderating role.
Migrant Family Display: A Strategy for Achieving Recognition and Validation in the Host Country
Authors: Walsh Julie
Published: January 2018

This article draws on the narratives of 10 migrant families living in a predominantly White British northern UK city, Hull, and brings together the typically distinct fields of the sociology of family, transnational family studies and migration studies. By uniquely applying the lens of family display to migrant family accounts, this article offers a timely new way to understand the strategies migrant families employ when negotiating recognition and validation in an increasingly globalised world. Existing applications of family display focus on what might be referred to as unconventional families: same-sex couples, dual-heritage families, single-parent households, and families living in commercial homes. Furthermore, previous migration studies consider the strategies employed by migrant individuals, sometimes within a family, but do not do so through the lens of family display. The concept has not, then, been applied to migrant families and their everyday lives, and with a specific focus on understanding the influence of audience in family display. This article, therefore, contributes to migration and transnational family studies by providing a new way of understanding migrant family lives, and also advancing the concept of family display in three clear ways: by showing that migrant families do display family to audiences beyond the family–including the State–so as to present as a ‘legitimate’ family; by expanding understanding of how family display is enacted; and by arguing that broader narratives influence those related to ‘family’ and impact on how and why migrant families engage in family displays.
Talking Back to ‘Family’, ‘Family Troubles’, and ‘the Looked-after Child’
Authors: Welch Vicki
Published: January 2018

‘Looked after’ is a term used in the UK to describe children who are the subject of ‘alternative care’ arrangements (i.e. in the care of a statutory authority), most often away from their birth parents. Within this potentially stigmatising context, this article presents a reanalysis of data from semi-structured interviews with 17 participants during three recent small-scale studies in Scotland. Juhila’s concept of ‘talking back’ to potentially stigmatising categories informs this analysis that explores participants’ understanding of, and responses to, three categorisations: the ‘family’, ‘family troubles’, and ‘the looked-after child’. Participants were young people with experience of home supervision, birth mothers of adopted children, or kinship carers. The analysis finds clear examples of ‘talking back’ to all three categories, including through a process that linked categories, such that accepting aspects of one potentially stigmatised identity helped to explain membership of another. This suggests a potential refinement of Juhila’s model. ‘Looked after’ was widely understood, but the term was seldom used by participants. There was evidence that participants ‘talked back’ to the idea of looked-after child by problematising its appropriateness in their circumstances, including home supervision and kinship care. In their discussions with researchers, these participants privileged biological understandings of ‘family’, affirming enduring links despite troubles and separations. The article concludes by identifying briefly some implications for policy and practice.
‘I’m almost never sick’: Everyday life experiences of children and young people with home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Israelsson-Skogsberg Åsa , Hedén Lena , Lindahl Berit , Laakso Katja
Published: January 2018

Developments in medical technology and treatment have increased the survival rates of children with serious illnesses or injuries, including those receiving home mechanical ventilation, which is a small but growing group. The aim of this study was to explore everyday life experiences of children and young people living with home mechanical ventilation (HMV). Data were obtained through interviews with nine participants. The interviews were supported by photovoice methodology: photographs taken by the participants before or during the interviews were used to facilitate conversation. Interview data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed that everyday life on a ventilator can be described as including power but simultaneously as characterized by vulnerability to the outside world, comparable to balancing on a tightrope. Various types of technology, both information and communication technology (ICT) and vital medical technology, enabled the participants to engage with the world around them. This study contributes knowledge about the experiences of children and young people with HMV, who depict their lives as good and valuable. The study also underscores, when designing plans and home support, it is necessary to take a sensible approach to personal experiences of what a good life is and what resources are needed to attain and maintain health.
Handcrafted gameworlds: Space-time biases in mobile Minecraft play
Authors: Schneier Joel , Taylor Nicholas
Published: January 2018

In 2011, Mojang released Minecraft Pocket Edition ( PE), a mobile version of their popular Minecraft franchise for Android and iOS devices that allows the infinitely blocky sandbox worlds to be manipulated directly through touchscreen interfaces. While the virtual worlds created by Minecraft players have drawn attention of various researchers, the configurations of play made possible by different gaming devices—particularly touchscreen devices—have been largely under-examined. Using Barad’s notion of apparatuses to conceptualize gaming interfaces as sites of intra-activity, our study reports on a microethology of young Minecraft PE players engaged in collaborative play sessions. Over seven play sessions, which included two sessions observing Minecraft play on personal computer (PC)- and console-based versions, we examined how players’ bodies and gaming apparatuses collaboratively materialize gaming events that highlight the space-time biases of these different modes of Minecraft play that what we call momentary and monumentary.
Understanding digital natives in contentious politics: Explaining the effect of social media on protest participation through psychological incentives
Authors: Hsiao Yuan
Published: January 2018

Many have observed that a new political generation of digital natives has heavily used social media as means of facilitating street protests. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which social media affects protest participation are not completely understood due to the shortage of psychological explanations. This study employs a uniquely designed survey on a massive demonstration to address such concerns. Social media activity triggers the psychological incentives of anger, social incentives, identification, and individual efficacy. In particular, individual efficacy directly mediates the relationship between social media activity and protest participation. The findings substantiate new theories of connective action and suggest that social media may be a new mobilization structure via changing the decision-making processes of individuals. Theoretical implications on understanding digital natives and deliberative democracy are discussed.
Does the “last chance” sentence work? Ten years of failures and successes under a juvenile intermediate sanction in Canada
Authors: F.-Dufour Isabelle , Villeneuve Marie-Pierre , Lafortune Denis
Published: January 2018

Deferred custody and supervision order, an intermediate sanction which came into effect in 2003, had never been the subject of a scientific study. In the absence of research data, judges would give the sentence without knowing the outcome. To fill this gap, this study presents the failure rates (technical violations, revocations and new-crime violations) and success rates of all young Quebecers who completed a deferred custody and supervision order between 1 June 2003 and 31 May 2012. As with studies that examined similar sentences elsewhere in the world, success rates are relatively low. Suggestions are made to limit failures associated with this type of juvenile intermediate sanctions.
Inside or outside? Expanding the narratives about life-sentenced prisoners
Authors: Herbert Steve
Published: January 2018

The number of life-sentenced prisoners in the United States is growing, an increase that deserves ongoing critical consideration. Such consideration is heightened by the fact that many lifers undergo significant personal transformations during their incarceration. This paper uses interviews with 21 life-sentenced prisoners in the state of Washington to document the degree of such transformations. These transformations create compelling questions for theoretical strains in the sociology of punishment that draw upon the seminal work of Durkheim. Further, those transformations deserve greater consideration as the politics and practices of incarceration continue to unfold in the United States.
‘The right way to be a woman’: Negotiating femininity in a prison-based drug treatment programme
Authors: Kolind Torsten , Bjønness Jeanett
Published: January 2018

Drawing from an ethnographic study in a drug treatment wing for women in a Danish prison, the authors explore how femininity is negotiated between prisoners and staff. It is shown how the staff view the prisoners as both passive and disruptive and how the treatment aims to teach them what staff consider to be an ‘appropriate’ femininity characterised by the women being cooperative, feeling a sense of community, and being less masculine in their appearance. While the prisoners accept the identity constructions imposed upon them by the therapy regime, they also attempt to create alternative femininities. The article discusses whether gender-sensitive treatment approaches can work towards better integration of the women’s past experiences with the new dispositions learned in the treatment programme.
Mid-Century Visions, Programmed Affinities: The Enduring Challenges of Image Classification
Authors: Kamin Diana
Published: January 2018

Image classification expresses particular philosophies of the image. This article explores the enduring challenges and theoretical implications of image classification by tracing two genealogies of image organization as they developed from the early 20th century into the contemporary moment. This narrative is anchored by two mid-century figures: Bernard Karpel, Librarian at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and Romana Javitz, Head of the Picture Collection at the New York Public Library. The author argues that Karpel and Javitz represent different discourses of image classification – the discourse of affinities and the discourse of the document, respectively – which echo in present-day discussions around machine vision and keywording.
Anticipating Ruinations: Ecologies of ‘Make Do’ and ‘Left With’
Authors: Mukherjee Rahul
Published: January 2018

This article examines sites of ruinations that include zones of radioactive decay, ‘illegal’ housing projects, electromagnetic emissions, and e-waste dismantling and metal extraction. These sites have stories of people who are anticipating ruinations such as dreading a nuclear fallout or apartment demolition that has not yet happened. The article argues that ruination is an explicitly political process and exploring relations between humans who are living in ruins with the objects/things they are left with, out there, could lead to questioning power relations – both state power and infrastructural power. Borrowing from research methods such as media archaeology, media geology and media anthropology, the article points to generative connections between mediations of ruins and media ruins (consisting of media objects/infrastructures that are themselves marked by disruptive materialities and (un)planned obsolescence). While approaching media ruins, interrogating the politics embedded within research methods would help in understanding ruination itself as a political project.
Numbers/Data: A Roundtable
Authors: Connor Steven , Corby Tom , Nafus Dawn , Hawes Hannah Redler , Smith Marquard , Teasley Sarah
Published: January 2018

This Roundtable on Numbers/Data began life as a live, public event on the power and influence of numbers in contemporary visual, material, immaterial, and media cultures.1 To imagine such an ambitious event, and to do it justice, the event’s programme brought together academics, industry professionals, and practitioners. Taking Steven Connor’s recently published book Living by Numbers: In Defence of Quantity (2016) as a springboard, each contributor to the event was invited to deliver a 10-minute presentation, an opening statement to set the scene, and to raise fundamental questions to be considered in the ensuing discussion. The authors retain this structure here, along with some of the informality that live conversation affords.

By way of these four presentations and the conversation between the event’s speakers and audience, the Roundtable raises a series of pressing concerns around data and big data, life tracking, digital health studies, and the quantifiable self; the quantitative and the qualitative; data forms and flows; climate change data and social media; the bleed between private and public computational infrastructures; labour, productivity, and accountability; time, money, and economies; and the contemporary intensification of surveillance, audit culture, marketization, and outcomes-based performance management.

Notwithstanding data dystopia’s numerical sublime, the contributors are always looking to keep an eye out for reasons to be optimistic in their discussions around: numbers in education and numeric literacies; the materiality of numbers and numbers as artifacts; data’s flexibility and manipulability; sensors, sensor data, and everyday life; the rise of amateurism and citizen scientists; data and numbers vis-à-vis experiences, embodiment, emotions, intensities, and their affective powers; and the contributors’ absolute delight (or abject horror) at the very arbitrary nature of numbers, all of which offer hope towards more democratic, creative, imaginative, and personalized futures …

Interested in the Quantified Self community? Ever wondered what role numbers played in the UK’s Referendum to leave the EU? Intrigued by the idea of an exhibition about odd and even? Curious about what folk data might be? Read on!
Wait, then Give Up: Lethargy and the Reticence of Digital Art
Authors: Hu Tung-Hui
Published: January 2018

‘Be heard! Review your recent purchase!’, a recent email from an online shop blares. When ‘speaking up’, ‘taking control’, and even ‘fighting back’ have become co-opted by the structures of digital capitalism, what is left? This article takes up three digital artworks, by Cory Arcangel, Katherine Behar, Tega Brain and Surya Mattu, which appear reticent, withdrawn, or self-sabotaging. They are difficult to interpret because they do not fall into the traditional categories of resistance or disruption that characterized 1990s/2000s glitch art, hacktivism, and tactical media. Instead, by performing what the author reads as communicative exhaustion, they redirect a viewer’s focus to the constricting forms of communicative labor within digital culture. Neither able to resist or comply, to form social bonds or act, they address the affective state of being trapped inside unending crisis – a feeling of lethargy that nevertheless offers another route to the political.
Desistance Approaches in Youth Justice – The Next Passing Fad or a Sea-Change for the Positive?
Authors: Hampson Kathy S.
Published: January 2018

Youth justice in England and Wales has followed a risk-orientated model for almost two decades, requiring interventions with young people to mitigate assessed risk factors for offending. The desistance revolution evident in much of the adult system and research has been slow to influence change. The Youth Justice Board recently established the desistance-led AssetPlus assessment model, proclaiming that it will facilitate this change. However, youth justice practitioners appear not to have been able to apply desistance theory, resulting in ‘business as usual’ assessments and deficit-focused intervention plans. How can desistance be truly embedded in a system still dominated by risk?
Parental participation in child protection practice: The experiences of parents and workers in Ghana
Authors: Cudjoe Ebenezer , Abdullah Alhassan
Published: January 2018

Promoting parental participation is one of the complex and delicate areas of child protection practice. Several authors argue that ensuring the participation of service users in child protection is a way to ensure a fit between service user needs and services. Studies on parental participation exist in some countries in the Western world, however, this is lacking in Ghana. This is the first study in Ghana to explore child protection workers and parents’ experiences on participatory practices. Drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 8 child protection workers and 19 parents, this study reports participants’ experiences of participatory practices. Workers indicated they ensured transparency and diversity while promoting participatory practices and parents reported their engagement in decision making as a prominent feature of their participation in case meetings. Barriers to participation were identified by the participants. The study findings suggested some measures to be put in place to overcome these barriers to ensure the full participation of parents during case meetings.
Sediment transport and shoreline shifts in response to climate change at the tidal inlets of Chilika, India
Authors: Gopikrishna B , Deo MC
Published: January 2018

The shoreline adjoining Chilika Lake, situated along India’s east coast, has multiple tidal inlets which connect the lake with Bay of Bengal. The shoreline behavior near such inlets is generally studied with the help of a suitable numerical model. Such models are run on the basis of historical data of waves and other information. However, the waves in future may show different strength and pattern than the past as a result of the climate change induced by global warming. It is thus necessary that the model input should correspond to future or projected data of wind and waves. In this work, we have used the wind information from a state-of-the-art regional climate model, CORDEX RegCM-4, of future 25 years in order to run a shoreline evolution model and have derived the longshore sediment transport rate as well as the shoreline change rate around Chilika inlets. These future values are compared with corresponding ones of the past 25 years. It is found that at the given location, mean wind might go up by 20%, and this could raise the mean significant wave height strongly by 32%. The direction and frequency of occurrence of waves would also change, and this in turn will cause an increase in the net littoral drift by 41% and net accumulated drift over the entire cross-shore width by 84%. Interestingly, the present site where accretion was prevalent in the past may see erosion in future at the rate of about 1 m per year.
The impact of breathalysers on violence and attitudes in the night-time economy
Authors: Boyd Katharine A. , Farrimond Hannah R. , Ralph Neil
Published: January 2018

The current study evaluates the efficacy and acceptability of a month-long pilot breathalyser scheme for pubs and clubs implemented in the UK. During the initiative 818 people were breathalysed. The number of violent crimes (excluding domestic abuse) decreased by almost 40 percent compared with the previous year, while violent incidents increased in a comparison location. The Assault Related Injuries Database (ARID) of admissions to Accident and Emergency showed there were fewer alcohol-related injuries during the initiative. Over 75 percent of respondents to an online survey ( n = 310) supported the breathalyser scheme. Results suggest the breathalysers may promote moderate drinking and result in less violence. However, the number of crimes is small and fluctuates over time, so more research is needed to demonstrate whether this initiative is effective.
Fear of crime, personality and trait emotions: An empirical study
Authors: Guedes Inês Maria Ermida Sousa , Domingos Sofia Patrícia Almeida , Cardoso Carla Sofia
Published: January 2018

In recent years, scientific research has neglected the importance of personality and trait emotions in explaining fear of crime. Through a survey administered to 205 individuals, this study explored the relationship between individual variables and abstract fear of crime, perception of victimization risk (cognitive dimension), and behavioral expressions. A positive correlation between neuroticism (a personality dimension) and the abstract fear of crime was observed but not with the cognitive and behavioral dimensions. It was also found that trait fear emotion correlated only with the abstract fear of crime. Contrary to what was hypothesized, social desirability was positively correlated with abstract fear of crime, cognitive dimensions and behavioral dimensions in both men and women. Lastly, regression models revealed that distinct variables explaining each of the fear of crime dimensions exist. The implications of the findings are discussed herein.
Moms Supporting Moms: Digital Storytelling With Peer Mentors in Recovery From Substance Use
Authors: Paterno Mary T. , Fiddian-Green Alice , Gubrium Aline
Published: January 2018

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a growing issue nationally, and SUD in pregnancy has significant consequences for mothers and their children. This article describes findings from a pilot project that used digital storytelling as a mechanism for understanding substance use and recovery from the perspective of women in recovery from SUD in pregnancy who worked as peer mentors with pregnant women currently experiencing SUD. Research on peer mentorship has primarily focused on outcomes for mentees but not the experience of the peer mentors themselves. In this qualitative study, a 3-day digital storytelling workshop was conducted with five women in recovery serving as peer mentors in their community. Each mentor also participated in an individual, in-depth interview. The digital storytelling workshop process helped peer mentors make linkages between their past substance use experiences to their present work of recovery, and fostered deep social connections between mentors through the shared experience. The workshop process also elicited a sense of hope among participants, which served as groundwork for developing advocacy-based efforts. Digital storytelling may be therapeutic for women in recovery and has the potential to be integrated into recovery programs to bolster hope and social support among participants.
Little We Know of Each Other
Authors: Müller Marguerite
Published: January 2018

This performative text is rooted in arts-based inquiry and expressed as the textual portraits of five educators working at the University of the Free State (UFS), South Africa. These portraits were created as part of a collaborative research project in which participants shared their experiential knowledge of working toward antioppressive practice in higher education at the UFS between 2014 and 2016. The textual portraits highlight the contradictions, uncertainty, and messiness of educator identity in this complex and volatile space. Furthermore, the performative text serves as a creative expression of different ways of knowing and different ways of becoming.
African American Women’s Involvement in Promoting Informed Decision-Making for Prostate Cancer Screening Among Their Partners/Spouses
Authors: Allen Jennifer D. , Akinyemi Ifedayo C. , Reich Amanda , Fleary Sasha , Tendulkar Shalini , Lamour Nadeerah
Published: January 2018

Routine prostate cancer screening is not recommended but African American men who are at higher risk for the disease should be offered the opportunity for shared decision-making with their health-care providers. This qualitative study sought to better understand the potential role of women in educating their male spouses/partners about prostate cancer screening. Nine focus groups were conducted ( n = 52). Women were recruited from a variety of community venues. Those eligible were African American and married to or in a partnership with an African American male age ≥ 45. Women provide numerous types of support to their male partners in an effort to facilitate participation in preventive health care. While women agreed that they would like to educate their partners about prostate cancer screening, they had little information about screening guidelines or the potential harms and limitations. The current findings suggest that women are eager information-seekers and can disseminate information to men and facilitate their efforts to make more informed decisions about prostate cancer screening. Women should be included in educational interventions for to promote informed decision-making for prostate cancer screening.
Establishing Cultural Integrity in Qualitative Research
Authors: Pelzang Rinchen , Hutchinson Alison M.
Published: January 2018

This article contributes to the growing body of literature on the methods and techniques that might be used to help ensure the cultural integrity and rigor of research that has a cross-cultural dimension. Drawing upon our experiences while conducting a study investigating patient safety concerns in Bhutan, we will reflect on how the study was conceptualized and framed around the elements of the Bhutanese traditional cultural values; how the researchers were positioned; and how the intercultural perceptions, representations, languages, and attitudes influenced the fieldwork processes. It is anticipated that the approach described in this article will help qualitative researchers to understand how important it is to recognize and be responsive to the cultural and linguistic nuances of given research settings to achieve cultural integrity.
Frank Grimes’ Enemy: Precarious Labour and Realism inThe Simpsons
Authors: Sharzer Greg
Published: January 2018

Although many fans have identified the end of The Simpsons’ golden era in 1997, at the beginning of season nine, there has been little critical analysis of what that shift signified for the show and for popular culture as a whole. For The Simpsons, this shift signifies two important qualitative changes: first, in the changing definition of work, from a Fordist model of employment to a precarious one, and second, as a result of the first, in its mode of realism, moving from an internally coherent to a fractured portrayal of the characters’ lives. The first sign of this transformation comes in season eight through the character of Frank Grimes. His relationship to Homer marks a turning point, after which characters and viewers alike are no longer able to inhabit a stable Fordist universe. If the task of realism, as a mode of expression is to approach social reality then The Simpsons’ failure to provide consistent characterizations reflects neoliberalism’s own dislocations.
Lev Kuleshov on Animation: Montaging the Image
Authors: Blackledge Olga
Published: January 2018

The Soviet film director Lev Kuleshov has not been historically associated with animation, and yet his legacy includes: an article on animation published in the Soviet central specialized newspaper Kino Gazeta; a film, a substantial part of which is animated; as well as a text of four lectures preserved in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI). In the lectures that he delivered to animators at the Soviet central animation studio Soiuzmul’tfil’m, he repurposes his theories of montage and acting for the needs of the medium of animation. Analyzing these materials, with the primary focus on the lectures, this article introduces Kuleshov’s contribution to animation theory and production, and suggests that Kuleshov’s legacy not only sheds light on the historically specific situation in animation production characteristic for the Soviet Union in the 1930s, but also facilitates a deeper understanding of the animated image as a phenomenon.
Into the Choppy Waters of Peace: An Inquiry into Peace- and Anti-Violence Animation
Authors: Christophini Myria
Published: January 2018

This article examines the use of animation for the purpose of peace-building. It does this by first examining key definitions of peace, and how these have been applied for matters of art. It appropriates these definitions for the specific context of animation, and uses case studies to illustrate how animation could be used in this context. The article concludes by supporting a participatory approach to animation for peace-building purposes. The values that drive the research derive from the paradigm of positive peace developed by Johan Galtung. These can be summarized as justice, equality, prosperity, non-violence, cooperation and solidarity.
Reflexivity or orientation? Collective memories in the Australian, Canadian and New Zealand national press
Authors: Black Jack
Published: January 2018

With regard to the notion of ‘national reflexivity’, an important part of Beck’s cosmopolitan outlook, this article examines how, and in what ways, collective memories of empire were reflexively used in Australian, Canadian and New Zealand national newspaper coverage of the 2012 Diamond Jubilee and London Olympic Games. In contrast to Beck, it is argued that examples of national reflexivity were closely tied to the history of the nation-state, with collective memories of the former British Empire used to debate, critique and appraise ‘the nation’. These memories were discursively used to ‘orientate’ each nation’s postcolonial emergence, suggesting that examples of national reflexivity, within the press’ coverage, remained closely tied to the ‘historical fetishes’ enveloped in each nations’ imperial past(s). This implies that the ‘national outlook’ does not objectively overlook, uncritically absorb or reflexively acknowledge differences with ‘the other’ but, instead, negotiates a historically grounded and selective appraisal of the past that reveals a contingent and, at times, ambivalent, interplay with ‘the global’.
Questioning the canon: Colonial history, counter-memory and youth activism
Authors: Kidman Joanna , O’Malley Vincent
Published: January 2018

Social memory is inscribed by power relations that both produce and contain canonical state narratives. In settler nations, where indigenous and state relationships remain unresolved, tribal memories of violent colonial histories that are passed on to successive generations expose ‘official’ silences in foundational stories about a nation’s origins. In this article, we examine a public debate that occurred when a group of secondary school students took a petition to the New Zealand Parliament calling for formal recognition of the difficult history of the New Zealand Wars – a series of nineteenth-century clashes between British imperial troops and their colonial allies against indigenous Māori. Drawing on Hirsch’s concept of postmemory, we show how the young activists’ public acknowledgement of difficult histories exposed simmering tensions between competing historical narratives throwing light on how political struggles over representations of the colonial past are shaped in many settler nations.
Species-specific differences in regulation of macrophage inflammation by the C3a–C3a receptor axis
Authors: Ray Tathagat Dutta , Mekasha Samrawit , Liang Yanmei , Lu Bao , Ram Sanjay , Ingalls Robin R
Published: January 2018

Complement is an important arm of the innate immune system. Recent studies have shown that products of complement pathway activation can interact directly with other innate immune signaling molecules, including TLRs and inflammasome family members, during some infectious and chronic inflammatory disorders. Activation of the complement system generates anaphylatoxins, such as C3a and C5a, which modulate inflammation. However, the biological effects of interactions between the anaphylatoxins with their receptors may vary across species. In this study, we demonstrate that human complement and rat complement differ in the way they modulate the inflammatory response to the human pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, as well as purified pathogen-associated ligands, such as LPS. While rat serum down-regulates MyD88-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages, human serum has no effect, or in some cases an enhancing effect. Further, the inhibitory effect of rat serum on otherwise pro-inflammatory stimuli is mediated by complement, specifically C3a–C3a receptor interactions, via an undefined signaling mechanism that down-regulates the transcription factor, NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation. This study highlights important functional differences between rodent and human complement that could explain some of the differences in immune responses between these two species. Understanding the crosstalk between complement and other arms of the innate immune system will facilitate the development of better anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Investigation into Reynolds number effects on a biomimetic flapping wing
Authors: Hope Daniel K , DeLuca Anthony M , O’Hara Ryan P
Published: January 2018

This research investigated the behavior of a Manduca sexta inspired biomimetic wing as a function of Reynolds number by measuring the aerodynamic forces produced by varying the characteristic wing length and testing at air densities from atmospheric to near vacuum. A six degree of freedom balance was used to measure forces and moments, while high speed cameras were used to measure wing stroke angle. An in-house created graphical user interface was used to vary the voltage of the drive signal sent to the piezoelectric actuator which determined the wing stroke angle. The Air Force Institute of Technology baseline 50 mm wing was compared to wings manufactured with 55, 60, 65, and 70 mm spans, while maintaining a constant aspect ratio. Tests were conducted in a vacuum chamber at air densities between 0.5% and 100% of atmospheric pressure. Increasing the wingspan increased the wing’s weight, which reduced the first natural frequency; and did not result in an increase in vertical force over the baseline 50 mm wing. However, if the decrease in natural frequency corresponding to the increased wing span was counteracted by increasing the thickness of the joint material in the linkage mechanism, vertical force production increased over the baseline wing planform. Of the wings built with the more robust flapping mechanism, the 55 mm wing span produced 95% more vertical force at a 26% higher flapping frequency, while the 70 mm wing span produced 165% more vertical force at a 10% lower frequency than the Air Force Institute of Technology baseline wing. Negligible forces and moments were measured at vacuum, where the wing exhibited predominantly inertial motion, revealing flight forces measured in atmosphere are almost wholly limited to interaction with the surrounding air. Lastly, there was a rough correlation between Reynolds number and vertical force, indicating Reynolds number is a useful modelling parameter to predict lift and corresponding aerodynamic coefficients for a specific wing design.
A review of the application of non-intrusive infrared sensing for gas–liquid flow characterization
Authors: Sarkodie Kwame , Fergusson-Rees Andrew , Diaz Pedro
Published: January 2018

This paper reviews the use of non-intrusive optical infrared sensing for gas–liquid flow characterisation in pipes. The application of signal analysis techniques to infrared-derived temporal signal outputs enables the objective determination of flow characteristics such as flow regimes, phase fractions and total pressure drops. Key considerations for improving the performance of infrared sensors are discussed. These include global and local measurements, ray divergence, effects of ambient light and temperature variations. Most experimental studies have reported consistent and excellent results for flow regime identifications and phase fraction estimation but with a few validating total pressures drop from correlations and direct pressure measurements. Other gaps in research were highlighted; these include the use of pipes sizes greater than 0.005 m for experimentation under high superficial velocities conditions greater than 10 m/s. The capabilities of infrared sensing as a standalone measurement for flow metering were considered a possibility via an inferential approach for phase volumetric rates. More so, the derived infrared sensing flow characteristics could be combined with available pressure–volume–temperature correlations in estimating mass flow rates of each phase. As a future development, a conceptual modification to surface installations using a transparent opaque coupling is suggested to overcome the accessibility limitation of infrared light penetration for opaque pipes.