bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
سموم فطريات الفيوزاريوم والتحديات المستقبلية لسلامة الغذاء "مراجعة شاملة و محدثة"
Authors: صفي الدين عبد الله انبيه  , جمعة العارف الحافي  , لطفي عبد الحميد المسلاتي  , عبد الرزاق علي حكم  , حمزة محمد النويري  , ميلود المهدي محمد
Published: May 2023

ينتج جنس الفيوزاريومspp  Fusarium عددًا من السموم الفطرية عبارة عن نواتج أيضة ثانوية سامة ذات التركيبات الكيميائية المتنوعة "Fusariotoxins" مثل أنواع سموم الفيومونزينات Fumonisins و الزيرالينون Zearalenone و التريكوتشينات Trichothecenes .وهناك أيضآ أهتمام كبير ومتزايد بسموم الفيوزاريوم الناشئة Emerging Fusarium Mycotoxins .تلك السموم وجدت في العديد من محاصيل الحبوب منها القمح، الذرة، الشعير و الشوفان بتراكيزات عالية نتيجة لتلوث هذه المحاصيل أما خلال الحقل/ أو بعد الحصاد وكذلك أثناء التخزين عند توفر الظروف البيئية المناسبة. بالإضافة، يؤدي تلوث محاصيل الحبوب الغذائية بالفطريات والسموم الفطرية إلى فقدان المادة الجافة والجودة والتغذية ، ويشكل خطرًا كبيرًا على السلسلة الغذائية. علاوة على ذلك ، فإن التلوث بالسموم الفطرية يقلل من جودة المنتج ويقلل من قيم التصدير ، مما قد يؤدي إلى خسائر اقتصادية كبيرة للبلدان المنتجة. يقلل التلوث بالسموم الفطرية بشكل مباشر من توافر الغذاء وله مساهمته الخاصة في الجوع وسوء التغذية ، كما أن استهلاك الأغذية الملوثة بالسموم الفطرية له تداعيات كبيرة على صحة الإنسان. والمثير للأهتمام أن سموم فطريات الفيوزاريوم جدبت الإنتباه في جميع أنحاء العالم بسبب تأثيراتها على الإنتاجية الحيوانية، وما تسببه من خسائر الاقتصادية المرتبطة بها. علاوة على ذلك، أكد العديد من الدراسات أن إستهلاك غذاء ملوث بالسموم الفطرية الناتجة من فطريات فيوزاريوم لها تأثيرات سمية متفاوتة سواء للإنسان و / أو الحيوانات، حيث يمكن أن تسبب مرضًا حادًا أو مزمنًا المتمثلة في سرطان الكبد، المرئي، موت الخلايا وهدم الأنسجة الحية، وفي بعض الحالات ، الموت. في هذه الورقة، نستعرض مراجعة شاملة ومحدثة عن سموم فطريات الفيوزاريوم بهدف تلخيص المعلومات الأساسية حول أنواع هذه السموم وتأثيراتها الأجتماعية، الأقتصادية، الصحية وطرق الحديثة للكشف سموم الفيوزاريوم وتقديرها كميآ، والتشريعات الدولية لسموم الفيوزاريوم، بالإضافة لكيفية إستخدام نهج الإدارة المتكاملة لتقليل من السموم الفطرية من أجل تشجيع البحث الذي تشتد الحاجة إليه حول الإدارة المتكاملة لهذا الملوث الغذائي الذي لا يمكن تجنبه كمخاوف بشأن سلامة الغذاء في جميع أنحاء العالم.
Inter-Ethnic Interactions in Urban Public Space: The Malaysian Experience
Authors: هشام عمران الفرطاس  , هيثم احمد البيرة  , جبريل جبريل
Published: May 2023

Social interaction entails communal experiences between people during their daily activities. People from different ethnic backgrounds in Malaysia namely the Malays, Chinese and Indians spend their leisure time in an urban square, which offers opportunities for social interaction among three ethnic groups. However, how are public spaces utilised for leisure by people from different multi-ethnic backgrounds? Does the variety of attributes in public spaces attract people from a different background? The current aim of this research sets to establish properties and attributes of urban square characteristics such as the quality of daily activities that contribute to inter-ethnic social interactions among users in urban civic spaces. The study focused on constructing indices on how daily activity attributes, and how to investigate the diversity amongst the three ethnic groups on how the urban public space is perceived. A total of 140 questionnaires were administered to measure how the public square users perceived public space use in Batu Pahat town, Malaysia Peninsular. The analysis was facilitated through analytic tool of the Rasch Model. The study revealed that the Malays use urban squares more than Indians and Chinese. Consequently, this affects the level of the Malays social interaction among others. While on the other hand, for square activities reflecting Chinese and Indian culture makes the urban square less attractive to the Chinese and Indians. It suggests that the environmental attribute quality of the square should be improved to attract social interaction amongst the three ethnic groups.
دور عضو هيئة التدريس في التوجيه المستدام للنفايات المنزلية نحو طاقات متجددة
Authors: وليد عبد السلام فريوان  , عبدالسلام محمد الرشيدي
Published: May 2023

تعد النفايات من أكبر المشكلات التي تعاني منها بعض دول العالم وخاصة في الدول النامية وهذا الأمر يرجع لعدة أسباب منها, الكثافة السكانية المتزايدة, وغياب الوعي لدى اغلب فئات المجتمع, و اعتماد طرق غير صحيحة لتخلص منها, وايضاً انتشار الروائح السيئة والمناظر المزعجة, و لهذا كان لابد من إيجاد حلول إما عن طريق إعادة الاستخدام والتدوير، وإما من خلال تحويلها الى مصادر للطاقة. من المشاكل الشائعة في الوقت الراهن كثرة انقطاع الطاقة الكهربائية في العديد من المدن بليبيا ولفترات طويلة, والتي من الواجب ايجاد حلول لها بحيث امكانية توفير طاقة نظيفة متجددة, وبما إن فكرة تحويل النفايات إلى مصادر للطاقة ليست بالحديثة, وهي تُعد حالياً ثالث مصدر من مصادر الطاقة المتجددة. ولهذا اهتمت هذه الدراسة بنشر ثقافة استخدام الطاقات المتجددة المستدامة ودور عضو هيئة التدريس في دعمهما ولذى تم عمل استبانة وتوزيعها الكترونياً على شريحة من أعضاء هيئة التدريس بقسم الهندسة المعمارية بمؤسسات التعليم العالي بليبيا.
الكشف عن البكتيريا العصوية السالبة لصبغة الجرام والمقاومة للمضادات الحيوية المنتجة لإنزيمات الميتالوبيتا لاكتاميز في قسم العناية المركزة بمركز سبها الطبي، سبها، ليبيا.
Authors: عيشة المبروك الربيعي  , عبد القادر السنوسي الزين  , علاء الدين على الصلابي
Published: May 2023

أجريت هذه الدراسة للكشف عن انتشار البكتيريا العصوية سالبة لصبغة الجرام والمقاومة للمضادات الحيوية المنتجة لإنزيمات Lactamase Metallo Beta  بغرف العناية المركزة بمركز سبها الطبي، سبها، ليبيا. تم تجميع 456 مسحة من غرف قسم العناية المركزة بمركز سبها الطبي، وتم نقلها لمختبر الأحياء الدقيقة بكلية العلوم، جامعة سبها، وزُرعت على اطباق الماكونكي اجار المحتوية على 4 ملجم لكل لتر من المضاد الحيوي Cefotaxime وتم تحضينها على درجة حرارة 37°م لمدة 18 الى 24 ساعة. أظهرت النتائج الحصول على 36 عزلة من بيئة غرف قسم العناية المركزة وهي Rahnella aquatilis (30%)، Enterobacter cloacae (31%)، Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%)، Burkholderia cepacia (12%)، Aeromonas hydrophila (6 %)، و Ochrobactrum anthropi (6%). العزلات البكتيرية المعزولة من البيئة وأيدي الطاقم الطبي كانت Providenecia alcalifaciens (35%)، Rahnella aquatilis (30%)، Pantoea Spp (15%)، Proteus mirabilis (10%)، Enterobacter cloacae (5%)، و Aeromonas Salmonicida (5%). لوحظ من هذه الدراسة ان أكثر المضادات الحيوية فعالية ضد أغلب البكتيريا المعزولة من غرف قسم العناية المركزة هي Gentamicin ،  Amikacinو ،Tobromycin ، مما يجعلها خيار محتمل للعلاج العدوي المتسببة عن البكتيريا سالبة الجرام والمقاومة للمضادات الحيوية. أظهرت النتائج ايضاً ان معدل إفراز البكتيريا المعزولة من غرف قسم العناية المركزة لإنزيمات MβLs كان بنسبة (33%)، حيث كانت البكتيريا Pantoea Spp هي أكثر العزلات انتاجاً لإنزيمات MβLs.
Simulation Cache Coherence Protocols in Multicore Processors
Authors: أنيس القردوح  , عبدالحميد الكواش  , عبدالمحسن البنداق
Published: May 2023

The cache coherence problem is the challenge of keeping multiple cache synchronized when one of the processors update its local copy of data which is shared among multiple cache. This paper discusses several different varieties of cache coherence protocols including with their pros and cons, and using simulation technique it will address this problem and compare between two protocols that use to solve it: Directory-based protocol and Snooping protocol. Simulation results have shown that snooping based systems are appropriate for high bandwidth systems while directory-based cache coherence protocols are suitable for lower bandwidth systems.
Predicting Pavement Condition Index Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Conventional Techniques
Authors: عبدالمطلب عبدالعزيز يخلف علي  , محمد عمران امبارك السكبي  , مفتاح محمد صالح سريح
Published: May 2023

Government agencies and transportation engineers use pavement management systems (PMS) to evaluate pavement performance and keep pavement above the minimum acceptable performance standards. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and the international roughness index (IRI) are among the most commonly used indices to evaluate pavement conditions. Due to IRI data collection being more accessible and less expensive than collecting pavement distress data, this study aims to develop PCI models that can successfully estimate the PCI values based on IRI for flexible pavement using two Machine Learning techniques (ML), namely: Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), and three conventional techniques, namely: linear, quadratic, and cubic regression. The study was carried out with the database collected from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. The results of the dataset reveal that both ML models (RF and SVM) have strong prediction ability with high values of coefficient of determination (R^2 = 99.7 and 96.8) %, and low values of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE = 1.095 and 3.569) % and Mean Absolute Error (MAE = 0.474 and 2.244). In conclusion, the goodness of fit of the proposed ML models was compared with conventional techniques models previously developed. The results showed that the ML models yielded higher prediction accuracy than conventional techniques.
Introducción. Las sociedades políticas urbanas en la península ibérica (siglos XIII-XV)
Authors: Ruiz Pilares Enrique José , Millán da Costa Adelaide
Published: May 2023

El avance de los reinos cristianos en el territorio peninsular hizo necesaria la reorganización sociopolítica de las regiones conquistadas. En vista de la necesidad de establecer un sistema de gobierno que enmarcase a las personas, los espacios y organizase sus relaciones, las comunidades urbanas que fueron configurándose destacaron desde un primer momento por un modelo de toma de decisiones y gestión diaria basado en la representación colectiva, aunque determinadas por la paulatina estructuración jerárquica de la sociedad. Las instituciones concejiles empezaron a establecerse, organizarse y estructurarse, con sus diferentes singularidades, por todos los reinos cristianos ibéricos.
Gobierno y sociedad urbana en el reino de Valencia: capital, ciudades y villas (1238-1479)
Authors: Bernabeu Borja Sandra , Narbona Vizcaíno Rafael
Published: May 2023

Se aborda el desarrollo institucional y las prácticas políticas en los gobiernos municipales del reino de Valencia entre los siglos XIII y XV, partiendo desde el modelo originario y referencial de la ciudad de Valencia y su adaptación a las villas. Se analiza la estrecha interconexión entre las modificaciones de los sistemas electorales y el proceso de configuración de las oligarquías, que explican el surgimiento y la consolidación del patriciado urbano en un marco de relaciones de poder, donde los diferentes intereses de la monarquía de la Corona de Aragón condicionaron los ritmos de evolución en la red urbana. Además, se profundiza en las iniciativas de colaboración entre las elites locales y dicha monarquía.
“Sin parcialidad ni dádiva ni concierto”. Instituciones municipales y gobierno urbano a fines de la Edad Media en Asturias
Authors: Álvarez Fernández María
Published: May 2023

A fines de la Edad Media se producen en Asturias cambios significativos en el sistema de gobierno de ciudades y villas nuevas. El llamado “régimen de concejo abierto” daba paso a un sistema tendente a la oligarquización de los oficios públicos, controlados ahora por unas élites urbanas que, “con aires de nobleza” ostentaron los principales cargos de gobierno y de representación conjugando ese poder político con su papel, también protagonista, en el control de la fiscalidad y la economía urbana. Analizamos en este estudio el caso de Oviedo, una ciudad de señorío compartido con la Iglesia; el de Avilés, villa de antigua fundación y el de algunas villas nuevas “menores” que salpicaron el espacio urbano asturiano a fines de la Edad Media.
La producción documental de la Iglesia de Sevilla en la Edad Media: Fuentes, normas y actores
Authors: Belmonte Fernández Diego
Published: May 2023

En las siguientes líneas realizaremos un acercamiento a un tema poco explorado: la producción documental de la Iglesia sevillana, tanto la episcopal como la capitular, con especial atención a sus siglos medievales. Este trabajo, fruto de una larga labor de recopilación documental, demostrará cómo la Iglesia sevillana dispuso de un aparato sencillo, pero muy efectivo, para la emisión de los documentos con los que gobernó una de las sedes más ricas del reino castellano.
¿Crecimiento o desarrollo territorial rural? Situación de los asalariados.
Authors: Romero Cabrera Juan Ignacio
Published: May 2023

Desde mediados de la primera década del siglo XXI el crecimiento internacional de los precios de las materias primas, por la demanda de energía y alimentos (Rubio, B. 2008), produce un ciclo de expansión productiva y alza de los precios que transforma al sector agropecuario uruguayo. Transformaciones que implicaron cambios en las condiciones sociales de los asalariados rurales pero con dinámicas territoriales diferenciadas. Los indicadores sociales presentan mejoras globales pero heterogéneas, primero, porque los territorios y asalariados parten de situaciones de desigualdad social diferentes, segundo, no generaron las mismas dinámicas y tercero, papel activo del Estado por medio de diferentes políticas públicas. En definitiva, ¿a qué tipo de asalariado beneficia o no lo beneficia?
Condiciones, motivaciones y estrategias en el trabajo de los académicos SNI de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro
Authors: Peñaloza García Norberto , Carrillo Pacheco Marco Antonio
Published: May 2023

El artículo analiza cómo, desde los años ochenta del siglo XX, debido a la implementación del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, comenzaron a transformarse en México las condiciones, las motivaciones y las estrategias para el trabajo académico en la universidad pública. Nuestra investigación siguió un diseño metodológico cualitativo. Para su realización fueron aplicadas 22 entrevistas a profundidad y 22 cuestionarios sociodemográficos a profesores-investigadores SNI de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes se encuentran: a) la búsqueda de consolidación y certidumbre laboral, además del estímulo económico como las motivaciones más importantes para adherirse al SNI, b) las precarias situaciones contractuales y la sobrecarga laboral como condiciones laborales cotidianas de un académico, y c) el trabajo llevado al hogar y el hogar llevado al trabajo, aunados a la colaboración académica como las estrategias sociolaborales más relevantes implementadas para poder cumplir con la sobrecarga de trabajo.
Honra y Provecho de la Sociología. Taller de Teatro Foro sobre Empleabilidad y Videocurrículum
Authors: López Calle Pablo
Published: May 2023

El texto parte de los resultados del proyecto Taller de Teatro Foro y Videocurrículum (Intersoc) del Aula Laboratorio de la Facultad de CC Políticas y Sociología en el marco del proyecto de innovación docente “Teatro Social y economía crítica. Jóvenes, trabajo y empleo en modelos productivos periféricos en crisis, 2020-21”. En el curso del taller, y con motivo de la creación y representación de una pieza teatral en torno al videocurrículum personal (tema de trabajo escogido por su adecuación práctica a la situación de pandemia y por su potencia analítica respecto al tema propuesto), los diferentes egresados y egresadas del grado de Sociología participantes realizarán un sorprendente e inesperado elogio de la carrera estudiada a pesar de las escasas posibilidades laborales que ofrece, y por tanto, de su escasa aportación al valor cualificacional curricular. Esta contradicción nos invita a hacer algunas reflexiones en torno al sentido de esta carrera.
Escola sem Partido, neoliberalismo e conservadorismo: rastreando pontos de intersecção
Authors: Katz Elvis Patrik , Mutz Andresa Silva da Costa
Published: May 2023

As discussões em torno do movimento Escola sem Partido vêm acirrando as lutas pela educação brasileira nos últimos anos. Dada a importância desse debate, gostaríamos de explorar, neste artigo, uma pequena parte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Mestrado, mas com foco em outros aspectos. Assim, buscamos descrever enunciados presentes em uma determinada formação discursiva produzida pelo movimento. Para tal, fizemos uso das ferramentas teórico-metodológicas oferecidas pelo filósofo e historiador francês Michel Foucault. Os resultados apontam para a existência de enunciados que reatualizam ideias neoliberais e conservadoras no campo da educação brasileira.
Զբոսաշրջության մրցունակությունը Հայաստանում և աշխարհում / Tourism Competitiveness in Armenia and Worldwide
Authors: TOVMASYAN Gayane
Published: May 2023

After the collapse due to Covid-19 pandemic,
tourism sphere started recovering in 2021 and 2022.
International tourism climbed to nearly 60% of
pre-pandemic levels in January-July 2022. In Armenia
tourism is recovering and in 2022 January-October the
number of incoming tourism arrivals was 1400000.
This growth is also connected with the high number
of Russian tourists visiting Armenia during RussianUkrainian war.
This paper presents travel and tourism competitiveness and development indexes of 2019 and 2021. Armenia
was the 61st with 4.0 score in 2021 in TTDI. The main
issues are connected with the qualification of the labor
force, country brand strategy, T&T capital investment,
ticket taxes and airport charges, air and ground transport infrastructure, natural, cultural and non-leisure
resources, environmental sustainability, pollution and
environmental conditions, preservation of nature, seasonality of international tourist arrivals, etc. So, some
steps are needed in above-mentioned directions to insure sustainable tourism development in Armenia.
ՀՀ անշարժ գույքի շուկայի ֆենոմենը. զարգացումներ և հեռանկարներ / Phenomenon of the Real Estate Market of the RA: Review and Outlook
Authors: PETROSYAN Narine
Published: May 2023

The geopolitical realities formed as a result of the
Russian-Ukrainian war, along with economic and political
risks, gave the RA economy new positive impulses in 2022,
which led to the consolidation of favorable positions in a
number of important economic indicators. In this regard,
the real estate market was no exception, which has reached
a new level of activation along with the influx of Russian
tourists and IT companies. The paper examines the realities
recorded in the real estate market during 2022, the
composition, structure and territorial distribution of
transactions, as well as issues related to changes in the
price level, in order to understand the impact of this
sector on economic growth and the circumstances of its
long-term nature.
Էլեկտրոնային մասնակցություն. ի՞նչ կարող ենք սովորել միմյանցից / E-participation: What Can We Learn from One Another?
Authors: BARSEGHYAN Araksya
Published: May 2023

E-participation is one of the most important factors
ensuring the effectiveness of governance, especially at
the local level, therefore, local self-government bodies
should take steps to successfully implement participation.
However, it should be noted that this process is not so
easy, there are various factors that can both hinder and
contribute to the successful launch of participation. In
this paper, an attempt has been made to present the
participation initiatives of some cities and accordingly
to highlight what obstacles existed in the process, as
well as what factors contributed to the success of the
process.
Աշակերտների մոտիվացման վրա ազդող գործոնների ուսումնասիրություն՝ ՀՀ Արարատի մարզի օրինակով / Study of the Factors Affecting the Motivation of Pupils by the Example of the Ararat Region of the RA
Authors: TADEVOSYAN Ruzanna
Published: May 2023

Economy, healthcare, higher education and science,
and any other field of human activity are derived from
school education. However, unlike other services, where
the quality solely depends on the service provider, in the
case of education, it also depends essentially on the recipient of the service, in this case, the pupils. Therefore,
this research aims to reveal the general profile of pupils'
behavior and the factors affecting their motivation
to learn. The research has been conducted in Ararat
Region among students of 9-12 grades. 379 pupils
participated in the survey. As a result of the research,
the factors influencing the pupils' motivation to learn,
their attitude towards the subject programs, the
perceptions of linking learning with the future, and
their intentions to continue education in the future have
been revealed.
Համաշխարհային տնտեսությունը կլիմայի փոփոխության պատճա՞ռ, թե՞ լուծում / Global Economy: A Cause of Climate Change or Solution?
Authors: VARDANYAN Tatevik
Published: May 2023

Climate change is no longer a matter of the future. Its impact and consequences are already visible
and tangible today. If global-warming gas emissions continue to rise at the same rate as over the past
few decades, there could be seven times more hot days by the end of this century than today. Under
this scenario, the summer heat in the US could be more intense than in Egypt or India.
Climate change is a global challenge with its scope and comprehensive scales, which has a
catastrophic effect on the future existence of all living organisms living on our planet. At the same
time, it is crucial to understand how climate change affects the opportunities and prospects for the
development of the global economy. It is not realistic to make accurate estimates of how climate change
will affect the global economy. But the fact that its "blows" will be irreversible in many areas cannot be
underestimated or even denied.
Մարզերում սմարթ կենտրոնների բազմաֆունկցիոնալ նշանակությունը և ազդեցությունը խելացի գյուղատնտեսության զարգացման վրա / Multifunctional Significance of Smart Centers in the Regions and their Impact on the Development of Smart Agriculture
Authors: AVETISYAN Samvel
Published: May 2023

The proportional development of rural areas is one of the key priorities of the socio-economic
development of the Republic of Armenia. The solution to this problem is more effective in the case of
a systematic approach, peculiar to the concepts of "Smart City" and "Smart Village". In particular, the
adoption of the Smart Village concept is becoming a new impetus for the development of smart or
precision farming. Under the influence of digital transformation, agribusiness is changing quite rapidly
in many countries of the world. This evolution is already visible thanks to agricultural work carried out
by sensors, robots and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The latest technologies allow the increase
inoutput using more limited areas, but fewer resources. However, SMART centers, typical to the
Smart Village, have a multifunctional significance and contribute to the development of not only
industrial, but also social, cultural and tourism spheres.
The purpose of this paper is to present the essence of the concepts of "Smart Village" and
"Smart Agriculture", including implementation mechanisms, foreign experience and the initial results
of the implementation of these programs in Armenia. Specialattention is paid to the development of
SMART centers in the regions of the Republic of Armenia and the activities of TUMO centers that have
already received international recognition and are creating conditions for the development of smart
agriculture.
Տարեցներ և երեխաներ. համատեղ երջանկության փորձ / Elderly People and Children: an Attempt to Share Happiness
Authors: SHAHRIMANYAN Tereza
Published: May 2023

The idea of harmony between childhood and old age can serve as a support system for vulnerable
groups. Both sides, both children and grandparents, need warmth and attention. The inhabitants of
orphanages and nursing homes, being special communities, have certain problems. Due to the risky
nature of the project, in order to identify the disadvantages and advantages of joint interaction, it is
necessary to implement a pilot project through which the effectiveness of meeting different generations
will be tested. Then it is necessary to gradually combine the structures, the ultimate goal of which is
to improve the quality of life of already affected groups.
Գնաճի հաղթահարումը՝ 2022 թվականի գլխավոր մարտահրավեր. ի՞նչ սպասել 2023 թվականին / Overcoming Inflation is the Most Important Challenge in 2022: What to Expect in 2023?
Authors: AGHABEKYAN Edgar
Published: May 2023

The most important economic problem in 2022 was the acceleration of inflation. High inflation,
which began after overcoming the pandemic, as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war, continued to
be a constant companion of economic processes. The increase in interest rates by the leading central
banks was aimed precisely at overcoming this problem. In the Republic of Armenia, despite the tension in the region, fairly high economic activity was registered, which was mainly due to the influx of
foreigners and financial resources caused by the Russian-Ukrainian war. The refinancing rate of the
Central Bank of Armenia, unlike other countries, began to rise earlier, which had a significant impact
on inflation expectations. However, on the other hand, foreign exchange flows led to the depreciation
of the US dollar in Armenia, which, in turn, played a restraining role in inflation. In 2023, recessionary
expectations in the leading economies, and a decrease in demand in the world food and energy markets created positive expectations for a decrease in inflation. However, the issue of growth in domestic
demand, which is the biggest obstacle to overcoming inflation, remains uncertain for the RA.
Ուսուցչի աշխատավարձ. արդյո՞ք այն արտացոլում է ուսուցչի աշխատանքի կարևորությունը / Teacher's Salary: Does It Reflect the Importance of the Teachers’ Work?
Authors: TADEVOSYAN Ruzanna
Published: May 2023

Salary is only one of many factors that affect teachers’ motivation, but it is the most important
factor in attracting the best candidates and keeping the best teachers in the system. Low salaries make
it difficult to attract new teachers and retain those already in the profession. In addition, the teacher's
salary is strongly correlated with the pupils’ performance. In the paper, the teacher's salary in different
countries and its ratio with the minimum salary and the minimum expenditure basket were studied,
and comparisons were made with the RA. Unlike many other countries, where the salary of a teacher
is low compared to salaries of other sectors, but still allows living a decent life, in the case of Armenia,
this problem is more acute to the extent that it is not only low compared to other sectors, but also very
often the teacher's salary does not give a chance to live a decent life. Therefore, it is proposed to raise
teachers' statutory salaries in order to attract more capable people, to improve pupils' performance.
ՀՀ ծառայությունների առևտուրը` ռուս-ուկրաինական պատերազմի համատեքստում / Trade in Services of Armenia in the Context of the Russian-Ukrainian War
Authors: MOVSISYAN Shushan
Published: May 2023

Sanctions imposed against Russia by Western developed countriesimplying the limitation of
Russia’s access to the global markets of goods and services, technology and finance are drastically
changing the international economic system. The Russian-Ukrainian war has had a significant impact on
trade in services as well. The situation has affected the trade flows of services in Armenia as well. The
war affected trade in services of the RA in several directions: tourism, financial services, information
and communication technologies. In the first three quarters of 2022, an increase was recorded in
almost all directions of export of services. Further, the export of financial and tourist services increased
considerably.
Անձի պատրաստվածության գնահատումը տարհանման և պատսպարման նախապատրաստական փուլում / Assessment of Human Readiness at the Preparatory Stage of Evacuation and Shelter
Authors: BULANIKYAN Vahe , TERTERYAN Ani
Published: May 2023

In emergency situations and during military operations, the preparedness of people is of particular
importance. Education and preparation of the population for emergency situations and civil defense
issues is carried out in advance in peaceful and regular conditions.
However, people always need practical, concrete tools that will allow them to collect necessary
information in emergency situations in a concise and practical form. In this regard, the authors of the
present paper propose the use of the “Personal Readiness Assessment Checklist” they have developed,
which indicates clear stages in the preparation of forms for protecting the population in emergency
situations. The authors advise all readers to complete the application and use it to increase their own
and others’ protection.
Հայաստանը շրջանցող թուրք - ադրբեջանական տրանսպորտային ծրագրերը / Turkish-Azerbaijaniani Transport Projects Bypassing Armenia
Authors: PAKHLYAN Anna
Published: May 2023

The need to face the geo-economic challenges dictates the importance of being involved in international transit hubs. This need is particularly evident in the case of landlocked Armenia, which has been
subjected to a long-term blockade by neighboring countries. Especially when Turkey and Azerbaijan
have been using all their diplomatic and resource potential for decades to completely isolate Armenia,
restraining the possibilities of ensuring development and economic growth in the country.
Palma forrageira Opuntia fícus-indica (L.) Mill e Nopalea cochenilifera (L.) Salm-Dyck.
Authors:   , Felipe Ribeiro Freitas Walter
Published: May 2023

Esta revisão de literatura tem o objetivo de apresentar as características da palma forrageira, demonstrando a sua utilização e importância na alimentação dos animais na região semiárida brasileira, devido à baixa efetividade da chuva. Sendo a palma forrageira uma alternativa para alimentação, pois é um alimento energético, podendo entregar uma boa reserva de alimento nos períodos secos durante o ano, sendo uma atividade de baixo custo e de grande viabilidade para propriedades de vários tamanhos que querem se manter na atividade pecuária.
Lumbo-aortic lymphadenectomy for residuel retroperitoneal masses in testicular germ cell tumors
Authors:   Mongi Slim University Hospital, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunisia., Yassine Tlili
Published: May 2023

It is about a 24-year-old male, with no past medical history, diagnosed in April 2021 with left testicular germ cell tumor. He had a left orchiectomy. Postoperative thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan showed inter-aorto-caval and pre-caval lymph nodes with a diameter of 31mm and 23mm respectively.
A rare case of serous cyst adenocarcinoma of pancreas with splenic tuberculosis and neuro endocrine deposits in omentum of a young female
Authors:   S R Kalla Memorial Gastro and General Hospital, Jaipur, India., Kapil Menka
Published: May 2023

Cystic tumours of pancreas with malignant potential are very rare including serous cystic tumour, although mucinous cystic neoplasms of pancreas possess more frequent ability to transmute into mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) are rare tumors comprising approximately 2% of all malignancies. The most common sites are gastrointestinal tract and the lung. Most of these tumors are well-differentiated and have an indolent course therefore an incidental finding.
Perioperative chemotherapy versus upfront surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: A retrospective trial
Authors:   Londrina Cancer Hospital, PR, Brazil., G A Melo Everton
Published: May 2023

Objective: Gastric cancer represents a common cause of cancer death worldwide. Adenocarcinoma accounts for more than 95% of all gastric malignancies. Multimodal approaches in the treatment of localized gastric cancer have changed the natural history of the disease. Compared with surgery alone, several therapeutic approaches including perioperative chemotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy improve survival. This study aimed to compare perioperative chemotherapy and upfront surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma, in terms of clinical features, survival outcomes and prognostic factors.
Sensing Physical Signals with Cytoskeletal Dynamics
Authors: Losert Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

The dynamic assembly and disassembly of the cytoskeleton can create waves and oscillations that are critical to cell migration and other important cell behaviors. Chemical signals have been found to trigger and steer these waves, facilitating the guidance e.g. of immune cells to their target. Here we consider the role of these cytoskeletal dynamics in sensing the physical microenvironment. We demonstrate that cytoskeletal waves are directly involved in sensing both the microscopic texture of the surrounding, and local DC electric fields. In turn, these cytoskeletal dynamics drive signaling pathways, reversing the typical hierarchy where signals drive biomechanics.
Etiology of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized children in Hai Phong Children’s Hospital
Authors: Anh Dinh Duong Tung , Anh Hoang Ngoc , Ly Nguyen Khanh
Published: May 2023

The objectives of this study were to determine the etiology of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children hospitalized at Hai Phong Children’s Hospital (HCH) in 2019 and these bacteria’s antibiotic resistance properties. The subjects were the qualified medical records of all inpatients at the Respiratory Department of Hai Phong Children’s Hospital aging from 1 month to 15 years old diagnosed with CAP according to the diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization with positive nasopharyngeal swab culture results from January 1st, 2019, to December 31st, 2019. The sample size included all medical records of patients who met the inclusion criteria of this research during the study period. The success rate of nasopharyngeal swab culture test of CAP patients was 638/1605 (39.7%). The most common pathogens of CAP in children at HCH were S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. Antibiogram revealed that each of them showed high resistance to a various type of antibiotics. Our study also provided valuable data on the antibiotic sensitivity and raised alarm over presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria inducing CAP in children.
Investigation of “Kien ty chi thong - HV” granules for acute and subchronic oral toxicity in experimental animals
Authors: Quan Hoang Trong , Phuong Pham Thuy , Binh Pham Quoc , Anh Pham Thi Van , Hang Dinh Thi Thu
Published: May 2023

This research is to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicities of “Kien ty chi thong - HV” granules through oral administration in experimental animals. The acute toxicity was determined by Litchfield Wilcoxon method in Swiss mice. The subchronic toxicity was evaluated by WHO and OECD’s recommendation in Wistar rats with oral doses of 1.8 g/kg/day (equal to recommended human dose) and 5.4 g/kg/day (3 times as high as recommended human dose) in 4 consecutive weeks. As a result, “Kien ty chi thong - HV” granules at the highest dose used in mice (56.25 g/kg) did not express acute toxicity in mice. In terms of the subchronic toxicity test, after oral administration of “Kien ty chi thong - HV” granules, hematological parameters, hepato-renal functions, and microscopic images of liver and kidney were unchanged as compared with the control group. In conclusion, “Kien ty chi thong - HV” granules did not produce acute and subchronic toxicities in Swiss mice and Wistar rats.
Dose calculation in nuclear medicine for internal organs using Gamos NMGUI software
Authors: Hau Pham Vo Trung , Giao Le Nguyen Hoang , Duc Le Anh , Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong
Published: May 2023

Accurately calculating the dose for patients in cancer treatment is a crucial task. Currently, there are many methods as well as simulation software for dose calculation, most of which have certain limitations in terms of flexibility, ease of use, and error in organ’s borders when calculating the dose at voxel level using the traditional Monte Carlo method. However, GAMOS developers have implemented an application specifically for nuclear medicine dosimetry - Gamos NMGUI. This software simplifies the dose calculation process with just a few buttons. The addition of the “parallel geometry” utility eliminates error at the boundaries, resulting in more optimal dosesfor patients. The results of the S values for the ICRP phantoms with Gamos NMGUI show a good agreement with the results calculated by Stephanie Lamart et al. The doses for the boundaries of some organs (Gallbladder Wall, Stomach Wall, Heart Wall, Urinary Bladder Wall) calculated by the “parallel geometry” method has deviations of up to 26% (heart wall) when compared with the traditional MC method. This shows the need to improve the dose calculation by using the parallel geometry technique. In summary, Gamos NMGUI is a convenient, simple but highly effective dose software.
Acute ischemic stroke in a patient taking Dabigatran that was neutralized by idarucizumab before fibrinolysis: The first clinically successful case in Vietnam
Authors: Ton Mai Duy , Dung Nguyen Tien , Phuong Dao Viet
Published: May 2023

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are used more and more popularly because they are more effective than vitamin K antagonists. Dabigatran is the only non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant with an antidote, idarucizumab, in Vietnam. The rate of ischemic stroke while using Dabigatran annually is very rare, only 1.75%. We present the first clinical case in Vietnam using Dabigatran with acute ischemic stroke; patient is a 58 years old female, with history of atrial fibrillation, pacemaker, hypertension, old ischemic stroke, using Dabigatran 150mg, 2 tablets/day. The patient was admitted to the Bach Mai Hospital because of weakness on the right side of the body at the 3rd hour, NIHSS of 10 points, CT scans confirmed acute ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the left M3 segment, the last dose of dabigatran was taken 6 hours prior. The patient was given 2 jars of idarucizumab 2.5g, then rt-PA at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg. The patient improved, the NIHSS score was 3 points, and there was no bleeding in the control CT scan. The patient was discharged after 4 days of treatment, with an mRS score of 1.
A survey of Face detection and Recognition system
Authors: Talib Rasha
Published: May 2023

In recent days, our world has entered the age of advanced digital systems, which means humans has to interact with technology in all scopes of live, this leads too as a result to another main concept, security. There are many security technologies that was developed to keep user information save. for example, there are several technologies used to let just the accurate user to log into devices like fingerprint, face recognition, or any another type of these systems. These technologies are in continuous development and are still suffering from accuracy, so several studies were performed to get the best accuracy for any of these systems.
Computer vision was developed to give the devices the ability to see and recognize objects in an image or a video scene. It is a science that aims to build an intelligent application that are able to understand the content inside images as humans can do. To create a system like this, first step is to make Data acquisition, this task is done by cameras which gives us a sequence of frames when we record a video. After that, this data is analyzed and studied to extract important features from it. This feature will allow us to re- construct the description of the outer world in a manner that can understood by computer system.
Face recognition systems are used on a wide range in mobile applications, banks, and military sites, police stations to make a recognition of the criminals, even in covid19 situations the face recognition was used too.
Our proposed method aims to increase the accuracy a face recognition system using deep learning models, the system proposed is able to work on any platform compiled with python which is the application was used in our study. The model performed gives a high accuracy with a very speed result.
Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Mistletoe (Tapinanthus Bangwensis) Grown on Orange Tree
Authors: Nwoke S.C. , Imaga N. O. A. , Omojufehinsi M. , Magbagbeola A. O. , Ebuehi O. A. T. , Okafor U.A.
Published: May 2023

Background: African mistletoe (Tapinanthus bagwensis) is a parasitic plant commonly used in folk medicine. The bioconstituents and thus its nutritional and ethnomedicinal uses may be greatly affected by ecological interactions between the plant and host. Objectives: This study investigated the proximate and phytochemical compositions of aqueous leaf extract of Tapinanthus bangwensis grown on orange tree. Methods: Standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) was used to evaluate the proximate and mineral elements compositions of Tapinanthus bangwensis aqueous leaf extract. Vitamins content and presence of lectin was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography and via hemagglutinating activity respectively. Phytochemicals were determined using spot test and spectrophotometrically. Results: The proximate analysis revealed that T. bangwensis aqueous leaf extract contained total carbohydrate (12.72 ± 0.1 %), crude fat (9.65±0.3%), protein (6.8 ± 0.4%), ash (3.5 ± 0.1%), moisture (0.13 ± 0.2%) and crude fibre (67.2 ± 0.1%). The minerals (mg/ 100 g dry weight) present were K (147.3 ± 0.01) > Ca (90.70 ± 0.025) > P (62.9 ± 0.025) > Na (54.6 ± 0.03) > Mg (43.05 ± 0.02) > Mn (34.00 ± 0.01) > Zn (24.90 ± 0.015) > Iodine (2.05 ± 0.01). Vitamins A, D, B2, E, K, B12 and Folic acid were relatively abundant compared to other vitamins. The extract possessed lectin depicted by hemagglutination activity on different animal species’ blood samples. The phytochemicals (mg/100 g) concentration was tannin (108.65 ± 0.04), phenol (66.7 ± 0.01), flavonoid (44.58 ± 0.03), cyanogenic glycoside (24.53 ± 0.02) and saponin (2.40 ± 0.02). Conclusion: Given these nutritional, phytochemical constituents and their concentrations, T. bangwensis aqueous leaf extract could be a good nutrient source for consumers and might be beneficial in maintaining good health.
Subacute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Assessments of the Aqueous Extract of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn Leaves in Female Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Elemo O. O. , Oreagba I. A. , Akinyede A. A. , Ishola I. O.
Published: May 2023

Background: Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. is a promising medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of constipation, infections, respiratory diseases, skin lesions, malaria, and epilepsy. Objective: This study evaluated the toxicity profile of the aqueous extract of E. heterophylla leaves in female Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: The toxicity assessment of the aqueous extract of E. heterophylla leaves used the repeated dose 28 and 90-day studies. The rats were orally administered the aqueous extract of E. heterophylla leaves at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. The parameters evaluated included body weight gain, haematological and biochemical parameters. Histological sections of organs were also examined. Statistical analysis of results was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: At the end of the subacute and subchronic toxicity studies, a significant increase (p<0.001, p<0.0001) was observed in the food consumption of rats. Subchronic administration of the extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly decreased (p<0.001, p<0.0001) the body weight of rats at the end of the study. There was also a significant elevation (p<0.05, p<0.01) in aspartate transaminase and platelets, and a significant decrease (p<0.001) in triglycerides. The histology of the liver showed mild clusters of inflammatory cells and cyst observed in the ovarian follicles at 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: The results of this study show some evidence of toxicity in the liver and ovaries on long-term administration of the aqueous extract of E. heterophylla leaves. This suggests need for caution with long-term use of the extract in females. Keywords: Toxicity, Euphorbia heterophylla, Biochemical analysis, Haematological parameters, Sprague Dawley rats.
Topical Application of Citral or Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil Extracts Improved Liver and Antioxidant Enzymes in Wistar Rats
Authors: Akinbosola J. P. , Ogungbemi S. I. , Anigbogu C. N. , Jaja S. I.
Published: May 2023

Background: It has been published by several authors that Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (CCEO) exhibits wide range of biological activities, but there are few reports on its antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Objective: This study investigated the effect of the topical application of citral and CCEO on liver and antioxidant enzymes in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-two (42) Wistar rats of both sexes weighing from 160 g to 180 g were used in the study. Their right hind limb fur was shaved with new and sterilized razor blades under light anaesthesia (with a mixture of urethane and chloralose, 5 mL/kg) for topical application of citral and CCEO for two months. 3 mL blood samples were obtained through the cannulated right femoral arteries into plain bottles and serum samples were collected on ice centrifuge for measurements of serum, liver and antioxidant enzymes. Organs (liver, kidney and heart) were harvested and kept in ice cold normal saline in organ bottles for measurement of tissue antioxidant indices. Results: After topical application of citral oil, there were significantly low levels of serum ALT, AST, ALP, SOD and catalase (also in liver homogenate). There was significantly high level of SOD in the kidney homogenate, GSH in the serum, liver and kidney homogenates and catalase in the kidney and heart homogenates, compensatory for the high MDA levels. On the other hand, after topical application of CCEO, there were low serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP and GSH in the heart homogenate, and high SOD and catalase in the kidney homogenate. The low levels of ALT, AST and ALP, and the high levels of SOD, GSH and catalase in the serum homogenates were proportional to the citral and CCEO concentrations and indicators of hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of citral and CCEO in the Wistar rats. Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that topical application of citral oil or Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (CCEO) improved liver function and antioxidant enzymes level and activities in Wistar rats. Hence, citral or CCEO has hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties in Wistar rats of both sexes.