bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Review: Role of Metal Oxides as Filler in Polysiloxane Sheet Composite
Authors: Yahya Sufiah Mohamad , Azmi A. , Idris Maizlinda Izwana , Yunos Muhamad Zaini , Mahzan Shahruddin , Ahmad Sufizar , Taib Hariati
Published: December 2013

Additional of fillers such as silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO), Zirconium carbide ( ZrC) and Zirconia (ZrO2) would affect the properties of the polysiloxane sheet, that can be applied in various applications. Polysiloxane sheet composites are largely use today with various materials as fillers. The fabrication techniques of the polysiloxane composite sheets include micro-moulding, casting moulding and injection moulding. Application of different fabricating process, physical and mechanical properties of polysiloxane sheet composites. Thus, this paper complies various studies with regards to the various properties of polysiloxane sheet composites established by incorporation of different fabrication technique and fillers.
The Development of a Small Solar Powered Electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems
Authors: Rajendran Parvathy , Smith Howard
Published: December 2013

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has an enormous role to both military and civilian missions. However, a short range endurance of current UAV system affects the life expediency, data monitoring, and output performance of a mission. This is due to having UAVs that are dependent on batteries. The weight of the battery and low temperature environment has undoubtedly been the main cause for the poor UAV performance. In spite of its prolific improvement in UAV system, the endurance permissible is between 45 minutes to 4 hours. Therefore, this situation makes battery no longer attractive to be widely used for UAV. Lately attention has been focused on the use of solar cell in UAV in replacement to battery as its power system. Nevertheless, current solar cells characteristic and efficiency is insufficient to sustain a long endurance flight. This is due to failure to identify an appropriate selection of material and parts in designing the UAVs solar augmented power module system. Therefore, comprehensive work on the solar power system and its integration is essential for an excellent UAV performance. Thus, a research work has been done to studies on the design of a solar and battery power system for an electric UAV. Subsequently, a small solar powered electric UAV has been developed. As a result, the UAVs specification, layout and systems description are presented extensively in this paper. This UAV has enabled an understanding how the solar augmented system has enhanced the endurance performance the electric UAV to almost 24 hours. Moreover, this UAV has 5 successfully flight up till date with useful data that predicted this UAV aerodynamic characteristic.
Experimental Determination of the Moment of Inertias of USM e-UAV
Authors: Junos M. Haniff , Mohd Suhadis Nurulasikin , Zihad Mahmud M.
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the experimental determination of the moment of inertia of USM e-UAV by using pendulum method. Compound pendulum experiment is used to determine the moment of inertia about x and y axes while the moment of inertia about z-axis is determined using bifilar torsion pendulum method. An experimental setup is developed with appropriate dimension to accommodate USM e-UAV. Experimental data are presented and discussed.
Analysis of Diesel Engine Performance Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Ramlan Nur Atiqah , Hamzah Mohd Herzwan , Jaharudin Nur Fauziah , Abdullah Abdul Adam , Mamat Rizalman
Published: December 2013

Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one of the economical and easiest sources for biodiesel production. The use of WCO in diesel engine is sustainable if they can perform similarly to diesel fuel. Therefore, this paper presents the performance and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel from WCO and compared with diesel fuel. In this study, the WCO was blended with diesel fuel at 5% and 10% blending ratio and named as B5 and B10 respectively. The experiment has been conducted at variable engine speed, constant load and at compression ratios of 17.7. The performance parameters that have been analyzed in this experiment were engine power, torque and in-cylinder pressure. In the end, results show that the engine performance of B5 and B10 was slightly similar to diesel fuel and can be used as a diesels substitute.
The Efficacy of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) System Controls on Aerosols Exposures during Aluminium Cans Production
Authors: Pagukuman B. Norerama D. , Leman Abdul Mutalib , Yusof Mohammad Zainal M.
Published: December 2013

The performance of a commercially available Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) system for controlling mist, vapor and fume exposures during two-piece slim retractable aluminium can production line was assessed. This study focused on monitoring of LEV system performance in different phases of production which are drawing and wall ironing. Data such as static pressure, velocity pressure, transport velocity and flow rate values was obtained as a specific requirement to analyze the performance of the system. The first LEV system used to control mist exposure from drawing activities and the second system was implemented to control fume and vapor during ironing wall process. The performance of the system was investigated and compared with standard as required by USECHH Regulation 2000. The results of LEV system monitoring were discussed and several recommendations were proposed to improve the performance of the system and to reduce the mist, fume and vapor exposure for occupational safety and health purposes.
Recent Trends of Impingement Cooling System Enhancement for Gas Turbine
Authors: Bin Abas Mohd Firdaus , Aslam Abdullah , bin Salleh Hamidon , Bin Nor Salim Nor Adrian
Published: December 2013

Efforts have been given to improve the turbine blades ability to withstand high temperature for a long period of time by implementing effective cooling system. There are many aspects that should be considered when implementing impingement cooling. This paper will only cover two trending aspects in impingement cooling implementation; the jet-to-target plate distance and the application of ribs in promoting better impingement cooling performance. For target plate distance to impingement jet diameter value, H/d > 1, the area-averaged Nusselt number also decreases as the H/d value increases. This may have been due to a reduction of the amount of momentum exerted by the impinging jets onto the target plate. For H/d < 1, the results have been proven otherwise. Heat transfer in impingement/effusion cooling system in crossflow with rib turbulators showed higher heat transfer rate than that of a surface without ribs because the ribs prevent the wall jets from being swept away by the crossflow and increase local turbulence of the flow near the surface. It could be concluded that both H/d ratio and ribs installation play an important role in enhancing impingement cooling systems heat transfer effectiveness.
Effect of Baffle Opening Position to the Flow Distribution in a Servco Fume Cupboard
Authors: Omar Mohd Amal Asrol , Wisnoe Wirachman , Bakri Azman
Published: December 2013

From the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of Servco fume cupboard using κ-ω turbulence model, it is found that recirculation region behind the sash is the potential contributor to the leakage of the contaminants due to its large size. To have a good fume cupboard, the recirculation zone needs to be minimised while maintaining the flow distributions to all area in the fume cupboard. The opening on the baffle may reduce the recirculation zone which in turn may reduce back flow that can be the cause of leakage. In this paper, the effect of baffle openings on flow distributions of a Servco fume cupboard will be presented as a result of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using κ-ω turbulence model. The results are presented in terms of magnitude of curl of velocity vectors Vxyz at different cross sections of the fume cupboard for 4 variations of location of baffles opening.
Simulation of Room Airflow Using Comsol Multiphysics Software
Authors: Asmi Ade , Putra Jouvan Chandra Pratama , Rahman Ismail Abdul
Published: December 2013

Airflow in a room can be supplied both through natural mean and also by the helps of mechanical ventilation. Natural ventilation is more sustainable compared to mechanical system; however natural ventilation, it may not be sufficient to fulfil the need of ventilation for a specific room. This study presents simulation works carried out regarding to the airflow movement in a room due to mechanical ventilation. The measurement of air velocity was taken using Davis anemometer at random point in the room. The measured air velocity then used as an input in simulation work which used Comsol Multiphysics software. The simulation process begins by building up geometry of the room, assigning constant parameters, meshing the geometry of the room, and finally run the solver analysis. The results from simulations indicate that the air distributions in the room are below ASHRAE standard. This is due to the airflow distribution from the airflow injection of air-conditioning system is not well distributed. The simulations results are validated with the measured value and found that the percentage differences between the simulated and measured values are within the range of 3 - 10 %. Keywords: Simulation, Airflow movement, Mechanical ventilation, Comsol Multiphysics software
The Performance of Turning Diffusers at Various Inlet Conditions
Authors: Nordin Normayati , Abdul Karim Zainal Ambri , Othman Safiah , Raghavan Vijay R.
Published: December 2013

A turning diffuser is often introduced in the flow line to recover the energy losses by converting the kinetic energy to pressure energy. There are two types of turning diffusers, i.e. a 2-D and 3-D diffuser that are commonly defined by their expansion direction. This study aims to investigate the performance of a 2-D and a 3-D turning diffuser with 90o angle of turn and an area ratio, AR=2.16 by means of varying operating conditions. The geometry configurations applied for a 2-D turning diffuser are outlet-inlet configurations, W2/W12-D=2.160, X2/X12-D =1.000 and an inner wall length to an inlet throat width ratio, Lin/W12-D=4.370, whereas for a 3-D turning diffuser, they are W2/W13-D=1.440, X2/X13-D =1.500 and Lin/W13-D=3.970. The operating conditions represented by inflow Reynolds numbers, Rein are varied from 5.786E+04 to 1.775E+05. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to examine the flow quality, and a digital manometer provides the average static pressure at the inlet and outlet of the turning diffuser. A compromise between the maximum permissible pressure recovery and flow uniformity is determined based upon the need. Whenever the flow uniformity being the need it is promising to apply a 3-D turning diffuser for Rein=1.027E+05 - 1.775E+05 and a 2-D turning diffuser for Rein=5.786E+04-6.382E+04. On the other hand, it is viable to opt for a 3-D turning diffuser for Rein=5.786E+04-6.382E+04 and a 2-D turning diffuser for Rein=1.027E+05-1.775E+05 in the case of the outlet pressure recovery being the need. The secondary flow separation takes place prior at 1/2Lin/W1 for a 2-D turning diffuser, whereas approximately at 3/4Lin/W1 for a 3-D turning diffuser.
Drying Comparison of Nonhygroscopic and Hygroscopic Materials
Authors: Harun Zawati , Ong Tze Ching , Ahmad Rosli
Published: December 2013

This paper investigates and presents the simulation of drying for hygroscopic and nonhygroscopic materials. This present work used a coupled mathematical model of mass, heat and gas transfer that implemented to finite element method in two dimensional and numerically compute using Skyline solver to capture highly nonlinear transient process. Bound water contribution was taken into account in the drying of hygroscopic materials by incorporating constitutive equation of bound water. The results showed drying process can be divided into three periods named constant rate period (CRP), first falling rate period (FRP1) and second falling rate period (FRP2). Capillary action is dominated during CRP before vapour diffusion takes place in FRP1. Bound water movement is generated by vapour pressure gradient exists that represent hygroscopic material.
Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Al-Based FGM Crash Box Fabricated by Heat Treatment Process
Authors: Jamian Saifulnizan , Zainal Abidin Mohammad Rusydi
Published: December 2013

In this paper, mechanical properties of Al functionally graded materials (FGMs) crash box fabricated by heat treatment is predicted based on temperature distribution and experimental data. The Al FGM crash box is fabricated by applying different temperature at the both ends of a square hollow Al column for 4 hours. Due to the gradient in heat treatment temperature along the height of the Al column, the microstructure is locally varied so that a certain variation of local material properties is achieved. The determination of material properties at any point along the height of Al FGM crash box experimentally is uneasy. The Lagrange interpolation method is proposed to predict the variation of local material properties at any point along the height of Al FGM crash box for further work such as simulation of impact on the crash box. The determination of mechanical properties is successfully predicted using the available experimental data and the temperature distribution obtained in simulation.
Hybrid Bat-BP: A New Intelligent Tool for Diagnosing Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) in Malaysian Industrial Workers
Authors: Mohd Nawi Nazri , Rehman Muhammad Zubair , Ghazali Mohd Imran , Yahya Musli Nizam Bin , Khan Abdullah
Published: December 2013

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) has become a major health threat to the Malaysian industrial workers in the recent era due to exposure to high frequency noise produced by the heavy machines. Recently, many studies have been conducted to diagnose the NIHL in industrial workers but unfortunately they neglected some factors that can play a major role in speeding-up NIHL. In this paper, a new Hybrid Bat-BP algorithm which is based on the trio combination of BAT based metaheuristic optimization, back-propagation neural network, and fuzzy logic is proposed to diagnose NIHL in Malaysian industrial workers. The proposed Hybrid Bat-BP will use heat, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and smoking along with the century old audiometric variables (i.e. age, frequency, and duration of exposure) to better predict NIHL in Malaysian workers. The results obtained through Hybrid Bat-BP will be able to help us identify and reduce the NIHL rate in the workers with high accuracy.
Investigating the Flexibility of a Hybrid Manufacturing System Using Simulation Approach
Authors: Chang Ping Yu
Published: December 2013

Different designs of manufacturing systems are adopted in industry today. A good manufacturing design should be flexible to compensate for uncertainties such as demand fluctuations and machine breakdowns. A new conceptual manufacturing system called Multi-Channel Manufacturing (MCM) is expected to provide flexibility and efficiency under uncertainties. This paper proposes the first approach to address the usefulness of MCM. This research tries to identify the key characteristics of MCM and the manufacturing environments for which MCM should perform well. Through simulation models, different manufacturing scenarios are analyzed and a suitable manufacturing system design for each scenario is identified. The simulation results illustrate that with limited material handling capacity and opportunities for setup time reduction, MCM can outperform other manufacturing formations.
Simulation Analysis of Non-Linear Fuzzy PID Temperature Controller
Authors: Ang Ling Yuen , Azni Jafar Fairul
Published: December 2013

The objectives of the project are to simulate linear Mamdami type fuzzy temperature controller and non-linear Takegi-Sugeno type fuzzy temperature controllers using MATLAB and Simulink, and to compare the performance between the two controllers. A case study has been created to test the controllers involved a water boiler, where the system is modeled using Joules Law and Law of Thermodynamics. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller was tuned and the PID parameters were then used to obtain the gain of the fuzzy controllers. Simulation results confirmed that non-linear fuzzy controller has smaller overshoot and faster settling time compared to the linear fuzzy controller and PID controller, although an extra derivative gain may be needed for the non-linear fuzzy controller if the integral term is huge enough to affect the stability of the system.
Numerical Analysis of Laser Heating for Laser Assisted Micro Milling Application
Authors: Mohid Zazuli , Warap N. M. , Hassan Suhaimi , Ismail M.I.S. , Ibrahim R. , Rahim Erween Abdul
Published: December 2013

The promising processing techniques of micro scale parts are very important in products miniaturization and functions enhancement. Combination of two or more processing techniques gives better processing performance especially when dealing with difficult-to-cut materials. For that reason, the combination of laser beam and micro milling process has been widely studied and proven efficient in reducing cutting force and tool life extension. However, this process needs a precise temperature control in order to eliminate heat effect generated by laser beam irradiation. In this study, temperature distributions are determined numerically to characterize the melted zone and heat affected zone geometry. From the results, the estimation of tool and micro milling cutter distance together with the allowable depth of cut are determined.
Failure Analysis of Conveyor Chain Links: A Case Study
Authors: Haris Nur Ismalina , bin Wahab Md. Saidin , Talip Amarul
Published: December 2013

This case study is to investigate the causes of failure of chain system through characterization on the failure component. The failures that occur are relate to welding because this dipping latex industry used customized chain that have to be weld in joining with outer chain links. The analysis revealed that the weld defect such as crater leads the crack propagation and added with cyclic loading that cause the fatigue failure. The fatigue failure occurs due to this generated crack at the outer circumference of the weld within chain attachment and outer chain links plate. This type of defect also can be categories as designing-in defect. Fatigue crack propagation was evident by progressive beach marks and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the types of microstructure that resulting at heat affected zone (HAZ). Hardness testing by using Rockwell Tester found the different hardness profile at three areas that are weld metal, base metal and heat affected zone. The maximum hardness values were found at heat affected zone and weld metal. Finite element method (FEM) that is Ansys Workbench was used to review the different size of outer link plate thickness that affected to the stress distribution. It was found that stress can be minimized with increasing the plate thickness.
Development of the Shape Functions for Fatigue Test Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Wei Khoo Sze , Karuppanan Saravanan , Wahab Azmi Abdul
Published: December 2013

Mechanical failure of a structure or a machine during the regular working conditions are often related to the fatigue damage. As a consequence, the structural integrity monitoring of a system has always been a laborious task in the field of engineering. Since the strain measurement is one of the most important predictors of fatigue life, a precise strain measurement method is therefore required. There are many strain measurement methods in fatigue analysis; namely strain gauge, brittle coating method, photoelastic-coating and other optical strain measurement methods. However, various advantages and disadvantages have been found in each of the method mentioned above. Hence, there is always a need to develop a precise and yet informative strain measurement method in mechanical testing. The objective of this study is to develop the first-order shape functions for fatigue test using the Digital Image Correlation technique. In this study, sub-pixel accuracy image correlation algorithm was developed by using MATLAB whereby the positions of the points were precisely selected by using the fine-tuned function. As a result, the first-order shape functions were determined by retrieving the information that is stored in the affine transformation matrix. The works presented in this paper were mainly focused on the development of the algorithms, together with the results and the discussions for the validation exercises. In conclusion, a good agreement was achieved and the newly developed algorithm was proven to be accurate.
The Effect of Metallic Addition on Mechanical Property of Aluminum (LM6) Alloy
Authors: Ahmad Roslee , Asmael M.B.A. , Sadeghi R. , Mohamad H. , Harun Z. , Sulaiman Hasan
Published: December 2013

This article investigates the effects of addition of alloying element on the impact toughness of as-cast aluminum (LM6) alloy. Presence of 0.1 wt.% Cr increases the toughness up to 38%. In fact the sharp tips Fe intermetallics which have needle shape act as stress raisers with a general reduction of the ductility and ultimate tensile strength. On the other hand by increasing the Cr content in the base alloy the size distribution of the compounds becomes more spread. Therefore addition of Cr improves toughness impact by two mechanisms. First eliminating harmful β-intermetallics and second providing microstructure with more spread particles.
The Effect of Yarn Linear Density on Mechanical Properties of Plain Woven Kenaf Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite
Authors: bin Saiman Mohd Pahmi , bin Wahab Md. Saidin , Wahit Mat Uzir
Published: December 2013

To produce a good quality of dry fabric for reinforced material in a natural-based polymer composite, yarn linear density should be in consideration. A woven kenaf dry fabric with three different linear densities of 276tex, 413.4tex and 759tex were produced. The fabrics with different linear densities were been optimize with the assistance of WiseTex software. The optimized dry fabrics were infused with unsaturated polyester to produce composite panel using vacuum infusion process. The composites properties were tested on the tensile strength, flexural strength and the impact strength. The result shows that the mechanical properties of the composite increased when the yarn linear densities increased.
Research on Damage Characteristics about Reinforced Concrete Circular Pipe Culvert
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Xie Dong
Published: December 2013

The damages of reinforced concrete pipe culvert appeared in use process brought a lot of problems. Investigated the pipe culvert damage characteristics, analyzed the causes of damages from load, structure stress and production, give the corresponding control methods.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Large Span Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: Zhang Min , Qin Si Feng , Song Li
Published: December 2013

This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of long span cable-stayed bridge. Pushover method has been compared with RHA method to verify its validity. A specific bridge has been calculated by pushover analysis method using several different lateral load patterns. With four typical seismic analysis methods on the structure, the pushover analysis capacity curves have been compared with the RHA’s. It is demonstrated that the pushover method is accurate enough to be used in Engineering.
Sensing of Driving Conditions Based on Vibration Signal
Authors: Li Jian
Published: December 2013

The mechanical state recognition process, the feature parameter vector problem of high dimensionality, this paper designed a system to achieve the mechanical condition of the driving conditions online monitoring and evaluation. The system has accumulated a large number of driving condition monitoring data for data mining provides a data source, but also to ensure all of this paper's findings authentic.
Verification of Seismic Safety Evaluation Program LSSRLI-1 Using Exact Solution
Authors: Li Rui Shan , Yuan Xiao Ming
Published: December 2013

Seismic safety evaluation was commonly carried out using an equivalent linear method LSSRLI-1, proposed by Xiaojun Li in 1989, which greatly promoted the development of earthquake resistant engineering of China, for it solved the input problem of earthquake response analysis of building structures. The current situation of seismic response analysis for deposits is described first. Then, a series of deficiencies for the analysis program LSSRLI-1 found in the practice are represented. The exact solution based on the wave theory is used to verify the LSSRLI-1 results without iteration. Comparison show that LSSRLI-1 should be further perfected due to its deviation from exact values, especially when the soil is soft.
Research on Regional Dividing Technology for Liquefaction Based on ArcGIS
Authors: Li Cheng Cheng , Wang Yun Long , Yuan Xiao Ming
Published: December 2013

To assess liquefaction degree in the south region of Tangshan city, totally 65 boreholes are collected and the establishment of drilling graphics database and attribute database are completed on ArcGIS.Then the potential of liquefaction values are given by a multi-factor regression method, seven factors and four factors for different precisions respectively. According to these drilling data, liquefaction condition for each borehole is discriminated, and the liquefaction condition of the unknown area is speculated by Kriging interpolation method, then the liquefaction zoning map of south of Tangshan and its southern region is presented based on ArcGIS.
Protection of the Sichuan Earthquake Ruins Landscape Resources
Authors: Ma Yun Wei , Kang Xia Xia
Published: December 2013

The earthquake was a double-edged sword. On one hand, it brought about catastrophe to the human society. On the other hand, it created plentiful preciously earthquake ruins resources. Based on previous studies on earthquake sites resources, it aimed to explore methods and measurements of protecting earthquake ruins resources from the heritage protection perspective. Firstly, the notion of earthquake site was defined, then the classification system of earthquake ruins was set up and the earthquake ruins in Sichuan province were listed. Secondly, the values of Sichuan earthquake ruins were analyzed, such as scientific value, spiritual culture value, science education value and tourist economy value. Finally, those earthquake sites must be kept in authenticity and integrity. This paper also illustrated the process of protecting the earthquake sites in Sichuan. The objective of this study was to preserve the earthquake ruins resources well and provide experiences for protecting the similar ruins or sites resources.
The Influence of Social Class in Human Settlements - Take Yen Hsi-Shan's Former Residence and Zhang Jiata Villages as an Example
Authors: Xu Guan Yi , Wang Jin Ping
Published: December 2013

The Chinese officers and the people, this two big social hierarchies have been long-term antagonistic and coexistent situation for thousand years, under the influence of which the Chinese traditional houses also seems to head to the two different roads. This article selects two typical local-style dwelling houses building communities of Shanxi Province and shows the two different residential types of features from the layout, courtyard pattern to architectural form.
Investigation of Structure and Performance of SAE4330 Steel
Authors: Tan Li Jun , Wang Jun Qiao , Wang Qing Qun , Chen Xin Long , Zhou Si Zhu
Published: December 2013

Many important heavy forgings used in petroleum machinery field are made of SAE4330 steel. However, the mechanical properties of SAE4330 steel are greatly affected by its microstructures. In this paper, the eliminating methods of grain inheritance and grain boundary inheritance of SAE4330 steel are investigated. The microstructures, tensile properties and impact toughness of SAE4330 steel have been examined. The results show that the grain boundary inheritance is more seriously than the grain inheritance of SAE4330 steel. By using an appropriate heat treatment, the austenite size can be refined from grade zone to grade six. And the Austenite grain boundary inheritance can be removed completely by large deformation and heat treatment. There are three important steps should be strictly controlled for eliminating the mixed structure and coarse-grain of SAE4330 steel.
Study on the Dynamic Recrystallization Critical Stress of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Chen Gang , Zheng Shun Qi , Lv Juan , Zhang Zhin Min
Published: December 2013

The true stress-strain curves of AZ91 magnesium alloy as-homogenized were studied with compression tests on Gleeble 3500 thermal simulated test machine at 200°C—400°C and strain rate range of 10-3S-1 — 5S-1. Critical recrystallization behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated by using strain hardening rate. The relationship between critical stress of dynamic revrystallization and temperatures and strain rates is determined by the curves between strain hardening rate and flow stress. According to the irreversible principles of thermo dynamics, the critical stresses at different temperatures and strain rates are calculated by two derivative of θ—σ curves. The map of the critical stress-temperatures-strain rates is established.
Influence of Extrusion Ratio on Microstructures and Properties of Cu-17Ni-3Al-X Alloy
Authors: Weng Yuan Hui , Liu Yuan Xuan , Wei Tan , Zhang Wei Wen , Luo Zong Qiang
Published: December 2013

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the Cu-17Ni-3Al-X alloy hot-extruded at different extrusion ratios were investigated by tensile and hardness testing, optical microscope (OM) and scanning electronic microscope.The results show that the dynamic re-crystallization occurs when the extrusion ratio λ increases from 8 to 25. The grain size and the second phases of the extruded alloys are obviously finer than that of the as-cast alloy. The mechanical properties of the extruded alloys are improved remarkably. The alloy with the λ of 25 obtained the tensile strength of 1025MPa, Brinell Hardness of 312HB and elongation of 10.0% which is 35%, 14% and 355%, respectively, higher than that of the as-cast alloy.
Experiment on the Performance of Filtration by Ceramic Media
Authors: Li Cui Hua
Published: December 2013

Introduce content and result of Study on the performance of filtration by Shangdong ceramic media ,and do comparison experiments with general quartz sand , The result shows that it is of low operation cost,high filtration efficiency and good water quality.
Catalytic Cracking of Cornus wisoniana Oil to Liquid Bio-Fuel Oil Using KF/CaO as a Solid Base Catalyst
Authors: Xiao Zhi Hong , Jiang Wei Wei , Lin Lin , Vittayapadung Saritporn , Zhang Ai Hua , Li Chang Zhu
Published: December 2013

In this study, catalytic cracking ofCornus wisonianaoil to liquid bio-fuel oil using KF/CaO as a solid base catalyst was studied. The catalyst characteristic by SEM, XRD, CO2-TPD was proposed and the separate effects of impregnation ratio, calcination temperature and calcination time were investigated. This paper also studied the separate influence of mass of catalyst and reaction time on catalytic cracking ofCornus wisonianaoil. The experimental results showed that a 41.7% impregnation ratio, 630°C calcination temperature, and 4h reaction time can obtain option catalyst. When addition of 0.1% KF/CaO catalyst and 35min reaction time gave the best results, and the liquid oil yield exceeded 82.7%. The catalyst basicity was not too high, formed flake porous layer structure.* Corresponding authors:Changzhu Li (lichangzhu2013@aliyun.com)
Study on the Catalyst Performance on Cornus wisoniana Oil Catalytic Cracking Prepared Biological Fuel Oil
Authors: Huang Da Ming , Jiang Wei Wei , Lin Lin , Vittayapadung Saritporn , Xiao Zhi Hong , Zhang Ai Hua , Li Chang Zhu
Published: December 2013

In our Research, we Used Cornus Wisoniana oil as Feedstock and the High Temperature Pyrolysis Kettle as the Reactor. Examine the Performance of Lanthanum Oxide, Zirconium Sulfate, Calcium Oxide and KF Loaded Catalyst on Cornus Wisoniana oil Catalytic Cracking Reaction. and through the SEM, XRD and FT-IR, Optimal Catalysts were Used to Characterize the Structure. the Results Showed that among KF Modified Catalyst KF Supported on Cao Produced Highest Yield of Bio-Fuel Oil from Cornus Wisoniana oil. when the Dosage of Catalyst Reached 1%, KF Impregnation Ratio of 40%, and Catalyst Calcination for 4h at 600°C, it can be Obtained Highest Yield of Bio-Fuel Oil about 82.7% and Reaction Rate up to 94.1. in Addition to the KF/MgO Having Low Yield about 60.6%, Catalytic Activity of other Four KF Catalysts were Higher than that of Lanthanum Oxide, Zirconium Sulfate and Calcium Oxide. the Catalytic Efficiency of Lanthanum Oxide and Zirconium Sulfate Appeared Similarity and are all Low. the Catalytic Activity of Calcium Oxide is Slightly Higher than the Lanthanum Oxide and Zirconium Sulfate, but Lower than that of KF/CaO Catalyst.
Development Trend of Food Packaging Materials
Authors: Ma Li Xia , Wang Kun Qian
Published: December 2013

The development of sci-tech has promoted the institutionalization of life, food safety is a subsystem of life, and it is a huge task to ensure food safety, which thus jointly puts forward new requirements for packaging technology, especially for package materials. Nowadays, the existing food packaging materials are more and more unsatisfying, and it is hoped that the packaging materials can extend the period of use of foods and ensure no extrusion on foods in the transport process, and the consumption of packaging materials can be reduced to save resources. In this paper, the consumers psychology, the purpose of packaging and corresponding requirements raised for packaging materials are analyzed, then development trend of packaging materials is explored.
Study on Flow Rate and Steady Flow Force of Hydraulic Combination Valve Based on CFD
Authors: Shi Jin Yan
Published: December 2013

Hydraulic spool valve is the key components in fluid transmission and control technology. This paper analyzes flow field of the combination valve based on the CFD software. It gains the characteristic of flow rate and steady flow force, and it offers reference for design of the hydraulic combination valve.
The Numerical Simulation and Calculation of Aircraft Horizontal Stabilizer to Aerodynamic Forces by Using Visual Method
Authors: Wang Wei Yang , Li Wei , Jin Cheng Zhong
Published: December 2013

Horizontal stabilizer is one part of lift wing structures, which can assure the security of aircraft stability and maneuverability. The paper discussed the visual method based on the numerical simulation and calculation of the aircraft horizontal stabilizer FEM model to aerodynamic forces. Visual method can make the designers understand the internal forces transmission between girder and rib, and help them finish the qualitative analysis of influence of structural-load carrying capacity. It can be used for evaluating the effects of size deviation during manufacturing procedure. It can help designers facilely beforehand measuring and judging the influence of load distribution on the aircraft horizontal stabilizer in first time on the war, when some part of the structures have been destroyed. By combination of visual method and background data, we can get a new complete system to help non-strength designers finish their work in strength condition, and create more value.
Flow Field Numerical Simulation Analysis of Five Wing Horizontal Wave Turbine Power Plant with Different Blade Angles
Authors: Wang Shi Ming , Tian Ka
Published: December 2013

Used FLUENT software to simulate the flow distribution of a certain horizontal turbine with its blade angle changed from 25 ° to-35 °.The simulation results show the flow field changes with a period which was a fifth to the turbine rotational period. When the blade heads deflected laterally, the high flow velocity appeared near rear back turbine blades, or it appeared near the facing flow blades which were in the front lower part of the turbine. Besides, for blade angle deflected inside models, a stable annular velocity vector vortex gradually emerged around turbine as blade angle increased. The maximum velocity of flow field increased firstly and then stayed stable as blade angle changed. The flow distribution results fully confirmed that the reasonable optimization to the blade angle of the turbine can help the turbine achieve a more effective rotation and improve the flow distribution.
An Analytical Solution of Wave Exciting Loads on CALM Buoy with Skirt
Authors: Wang Dong Jiao , Sun Shi Peng
Published: December 2013

Linearized potential wave theory is applied to calculate the wave exciting loads on a CALM buoy in water of finite depth. The solution is based on the domain decomposition method and the unknown constants in the velocity potentials are determined by matched eigenfunction expansions. A comparison of the analytical solution with published experimental results on a vertical truncated cylinder is performed as part of the validation process. The effects of the disk on the wave exciting forces are discussed.
Study on Failure Mechanisms of Composite Materials Based on HHT
Authors: Han Wen Qin , Zhou Jin Yu
Published: December 2013

In order to get a deep understanding of composite failure mechanisms, the new advanced signal processing methodologies are established for the analysis of acoustic emission (AE) data obtained from the quasi-static tension test of composite materials. Tensile test were carried out on twill-weave composite specimens, and acoustic emissions were recorded from these tests. AE signals were decomposed into a set of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) components by means of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) , the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) of each IMF component was performed, it was shown that the frequency distribution of IMF component in time-scale could be directly related to composite materials failure mechanisms.
Nonlinear Calculating Method for Multi-Bar Luffing System of Giant Crane Considering the Sagging Effect
Authors: Zhou Qi Cai , Li Wen Jun , Wu Qing Long , Xiong Xiao Lei
Published: December 2013

The luffing system of giant jib crane is usually consisted of rigid bars and flexible cables, and the weight of components causes sagging deformation and large displacement. In order to study the nonlinear method for multi-bar luffing system of giant jib crane, this paper completed theoretical analysis and example verification. Based on catenary theory, the equation of luffing strand was obtained. Spatial multi-bar equation of three bars was proposed and it was extended to any more bars. Then, equilibrium equations of components were written in sequence, and the equations of multi-bar luffing system were established with the elastic deformation of multi-bar and luffing strand. Finally, by taking the 2500-ton ring crane as an example, the results demonstrated that: the nonlinearity of combined multi-bar luffing system negatively influences the structural behavior, and the results calculated by the proved nonlinear method is more reasonable and closer to the actuality than the linear method, so it provides theoretical basis for engineering design and construction.
Reliability of GDS-RCA Resonant Column on Routine Experimentation
Authors: Li Xiao Fei , Sun Rui
Published: December 2013

The shear modulus and damping ratio of soil are important factors for soil layer seismic response analysis, people have done a lot of research. Currently, the method to measure soil shear modulus and damping ratio have bending element test method, resonant column test, dynamic triaxial test and so on. This article describes the British GDS company developed a new resonant column GDS-RCA's main features, technical indicators and working principle, compared the IEM original GZ-1 resonant column test results with GDS-RCA resonant column test results, the compared results are as follows: both damping ratio results in somewhat different, but in 10-6-10-4low strain shear modulus ratio between the range of test results are consistent, GDS-RCA resonant column testing machine can by low-frequency torsional mode, expand the soil strain measurement extended to 10-6-10-2, and the small strain to large strain test results are in good connection.
Analytical Estimation of Maximal Fatigue Loads in Cylindrical Roller Bearings
Authors: Romanowicz Paweł , Szybiński Bogdan
Published: December 2013

The limited time of usage and damage of rolling bearings is mainly attributed to the cyclic loads appearing during their work. As it is well-known these loads are distributed over the small contact area, which leads to the relatively high values of contact loads and stresses in the vicinity of the contact zone. This work is a proposal of the application of analytical formulas describing the stress distributions in the contact region and well-established multi-axial fatigue hypothesis in the estimation of fatigue loads of certain roller bearings. Additionally, the analytically calculated stresses are verified by means of the numerical results obtained with the use of finite element approximation.
The Effect of Hole behind Lining on Safety of Tunnel
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhang Guan Hua
Published: December 2013

ABAQUS finite element analysis software and load - structure method are adapted in this paper and the structure is simplified as a two-dimensional plane model. 25 kinds of working condition including five hole sizes: 0.6m, 1.2m, 1.5m, 1.8m, 2.1m and five hole positions varying from vault to arch springing are studied and the safety factor distribution of lining are obtained. By comparing the safety factor at dangerous section in lining with hole to that in no damage lining , a convenient evaluation method about the effect of hole to lining safety is proposed.
The Adhesion Experimental Study on the PESB
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Xin
Published: December 2013

Strength experiment on the members tied by PESB and adhesion experiment on the PESB anchored in mortar specimen and in concrete specimen are done in this paper. Through the adhesion experiment, the adhesion strength between PESB and mortar or concrete is detected, which can provide reference for the research on the PESB anchored construction measure. The research results have been applied in practical engineering, from which some suggestion is promoted for the construction of the similar buildings, including requirements on the material used in foaming sandwich wall and notice in construction, construction measure on the PESB tied members and so on. The suggestion will contribute the extension of the energy saving sandwich wall with the on site foaming thermal insulation slurry, which can effectively solve the problem of the duration of the insulation layer in the energy saving walls and promote the scientific process of energy saving from thermal insulation.
Research on Performance of Precast Two-Way Hollow Slab Shear Wall with Cast-In Situ Boundary Elements
Authors: Cui Hui Chen , Liu Ji Liang , Chu Ming Jin
Published: December 2013

Low cyclic loading tests were carried out for one precast two-way hollow slab shear wall with cast-in-situ boundary elements and one RC shear wall. The seismic performance of precast two-way hollow slab shear wall was analyzed. The test results indicated that macroscopic vertical cracks appeared along precast slab vertical holes of precast two-way hollow slab shear wall. The failure characteristics of the precast two-way hollow slab shear wall were significantly different from that of the reinforced concrete shear wall. Shear failure could be avoided and seismic performance of the new type shear wall was good.
Structural Optimization Design Considering Reliability Constraints
Authors: Sha Li Rong , Shi Yong Chun
Published: December 2013

In engineering applications the uncertainties of the structural parameters are inherent and the scatter from their nominal ideal values is in most cases unavoidable. These uncertainties play a dominant role in structural performance and the reliability-based design optimization is a useful method to assess the uncertainty influence. Compared to the basic deterministic-based optimization problem, the latter considers additional non-deterministic constraint functions and will provide the structure more safety. This paper proposed a Fourier orthogonal neural network method to the structural reliability analysis and reliability-based optimization considering uncertainties, the main aim is to minimize the weight of the structure under certain reliability constraints, and to obtain economic benefit meanwhile ensure the safety of the structure.
Structural Modal Parameter Identification Based on ARMA Model
Authors: Pei Qiang , Li Long
Published: December 2013

Structural parameter identification is a significant technology to show certain characteristics and material damage of earthquake resistant structures or building materials in structural engineering and seismic engineering field. ARMA time-series method is belonged to time-domain method. ARMA time-series method for estimating the modal parameters of structure is presented in this paper. In order to verify the accuracy of the method, analytical simulation studies are performed for a frame structure model on the basis of simulated data under white-noise excitation conditions. And the results are analyzed and discussed. The research demonstrates that ARMA time-series method can effectively identify the modal parameters.
A Hydropower Station Energy Dissipation Shape Optimization Test
Authors: Chen Yang , Jiang Bole , Chen Hui
Published: December 2013

In this study, hydraulic model testing is used to optimize the flood discharge and energy dissipation body type of some power plant. Compared from the flow regime, bottom velocity, dynamical pressure and so on, it is found that the fluctuating pressure and bottom velocity at the exit side wall stilling pool bottom, are impoved by surface outlet contraction and intermediate outlet contraction, the largest bottom flow rate of surface outlet is about 13.6m/s, the maximum fluctuating pressure of stilling basin is approximately 6.7×9.81kPa. The problem of large bottom flow rate and fluctuating pressure are solved by this testing result, the result provided references for design.
Optical and Micro-Mechanical Properties of Ag-Based Low-E Glass by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Yang Jing Kai , Zhao Hong Li , Zhao Li Ping , Li Jian
Published: December 2013

Ag-based low-E films with a multilayer construction of top-Si3N4/SnO2/NiCrOx/Ag/ZnO/ NiCrOx/TiO2/under-SiOxNy were deposited on unheated glass by vacuum magnetron sputtering and then post-treated in the glass tempering furnace at 675±25°C for 4 min, 5 min and 6 min, respectively. The effects of tempering time on the surface morphology, optical and micro-mechanical properties have been investigated. The results show that the edge of the particles become vague with the increasing time. After tempering, the transmittance of 550 nm is higher than that of the as-deposited glass of 75.89%. Ag-based Low-E films tempered at 675±25°C for 6 min possess the biggest value of the figure of merit of 6.86×10-3 Ω-1 and exhibits the optimal optoelectronic properties. The composite nanohardness increase from 8.04 GPa to 9.23 GPa and the elastic modulus increases from 62.39 GPa to 84.58 GPa when tempered from 0 min to 6 min.