bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Kinanthropometric Profile on Leg Strength and Hand Grip Strength in Young Female Swimmers
Authors: NEFESOĞLU İbrahim , BAS Orhan
Published: May 2021

Morphological structure and anthropometric values are the most important factors affecting sporting performance and success. Alongside these elements, the relationship between basic motoric characteristics and sporting success should also not be underestimated, and strength is regarded as a precondition for numerous branches of sport. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of the kinanthropometric profile on leg strength and hand grip strength in young female swimmers in order to evaluate the relationship between physical structure and strength.
The swimmers whose anthropometric measurements were obtained were all licensed athletes in our region. The athletes in the study were aged 9-14 years, and measurements were performed in the pool in the presence of their coaches before morning training. After athletes’ height and weight had been measured, a total of 24 anthropometric measurements were performed on all participants, including circumference, diameter, width, and length values, using an anthropometric set. Athletes’ hand grip and leg strength were then measured using hand and foot dynamometry. Data compatibility with normal distribution was assessed using theKolmogorov-Smirnov test (p>0.05).
Levels of relationships between measurement values were determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The research findings were expressed as mean plus standard deviation. Analysis revealed positive correlation between all anthropometric measurements and hand grip strength and leg strength.
A Beleza Metafísica Da Pessoa Justa, Amiga E Corajosa Segundo Von Hildebrand
Authors: Soares Filomena Maria Rates
Published: May 2021

Esse artigo tem base em duas questões sobre a beleza metafísica levantadas pelo filósofo von Hildebrand (2016). Como a beleza metafísica é dada a nós? Como a beleza metafísica é concernente às questões morais? Para responder esses questionamentos, estabelecemos duas hipóteses: 1) A beleza metafísica de uma pessoa a faz uma pessoa justa, amiga e corajosa. 2. A pessoa que pratica as virtudes da justiça, amizade e coragem é uma pessoa moral. Esse artigo discute as ideias de von Hildebrand (2016, 1995, 1988) juntamente com a contribuição de outros filósofos, tais como Maritain (1973) e Sucupira Lins (2015, 2010, 2009, 2008). É possível concluir que há beleza metafísica no comportamento da pessoa justa, no significado de sua amizade e em seus atos corajosos. Relacionamos essa beleza metafísica com a personalidade moral.
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS OUTSOURCING
Authors: Chiz Ludmila , Khotyeyeva Natalia
Published: May 2021

The view of the outsourcing process differs significantly includes not only the classical view of outsourcing as the transfer of traditional non-key functions of the organization to external contractors, but also long-term transfer of management functions and, if necessary, available resources to external contractors. A successful model of effective business, that allows to gain competitive advantage, may include outsourcing management functions. According to some economists, the motives for outsourcing certain functions are the cost and quality of the product, and the possible loss of control over the business is not a first-rate factor. Systemic cost optimization addresses the problem of costs that can be avoided. It should be noted that the indicator on which the consumer of outsourcing services should focus is the economic effect. The process of transferring accounting functions to another company is not suitable for the classical definition of outsourcing. In practice, the most common types of outsourcing of management functions are accounting and tax accounting, legal support, maintenance of information systems. There are different ways to can quantify the efficiency of accounting outsourcing, including a cost approach. The most important advantage of accounting outsourcing in the strategic aspect is the ability to share risk. Financial or tax reporting outsourcing is primarily a matter of risk allocation, so the assessment of the efficiency of this type of outsourcing should be developed from this standpoint. A successful model of effective business can use outsorcing. It is important that especially during the busines development in the market, the company can not perform well on certain production processes and some management functions or sometimes lacks the means to ensure this process or function. When transferring non-key functions to external organizations, it is difficult to identify key processes that are strategically important for the company. Separating the accounting process into components and outsourcing only individual processes reduces the level of risk.
INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INNOVATION AND COMPETENCIES
Authors: Lipych Lubov , Khilukha Oksana , Kushnir Myroslava
Published: May 2021

From the point of view of economic activity, entrepreneurship is seen as the direction of economic resources into profitable business projects. The article presents the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and the creation of organizational competencies. Among the features of entrepreneurial orientation, innovation and proactivity are of special importance for the functioning of enterprises. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of entrepreneurship on the formation of organizational competencies and substantiate the idea that the innovative abilities of the enterprise are a manifestation of its inherent competencies. It is substantiated that entrepreneurial activity is a risky activity. However, its results are manifested in the form of new products, production methods or forms of business organization. That is, entrepreneurship can be equated with innovation. It is proved that the main goal of entrepreneurial strategy is to find opportunities for strategic development, with an emphasis on implemented innovations. The dynamics of strategic entrepreneurship is based on the interaction of development opportunities, strategic partnerships and competencies. Organizational competencies are created in the process of training and operation of the enterprise. The highest rank in their hierarchy belongs to key competencies as a unique combination of knowledge, technology and skills. It is noted that the intensification of entrepreneurial activity and change of competencies are related to the life cycle of enterprises. At different stages of the life cycle, the company, adapting to changes in the external environment, also changes its competencies. Considering the possibilities of self-renewal of the organization, four possible innovative strategies of enterprises are analyzed, taking into account aspects of entrepreneurship: organizational knowledge management; discovery (exploration); inter-organizational cooperation business strategies related to the creation of resources outside the organization. The evolution of views on models and processes related to innovation and entrepreneurship is presented. It is emphasized that both entrepreneurship and innovation are related to the processes of internationalization of enterprises in the world market. They also have their own regional and local features.
A EDUCAÇÃO DOS CORPOS E A FEITURA DO GÊNERO NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DAS SUJEITAS TRAVESTIS E TRANSEXUAIS
Authors: Leite Junior Francisco Francinete , Silva Isaura Caroline Abrantes , Amazonas Maria Cristina Lopes de Almeida
Published: May 2021

Em uma pedagogia da sexualidade, os corpos são constituídos aos moldes da heteronormatividade em um sistema binário que tange ao masculino/feminino, homem/mulher, heterossexual/homossexual com ditames de normativas rígidas para meninos e meninas. Nesse sentido, atenta-se para a importância de refletir sobre a configuração dos corpos e do gênero, uma vez que engendra aos indivíduos desviantes sofrimento ético-político, definindo modos de ser e existir padronizados. Essa pesquisa é produto do Projeto de Iniciação Científica: Psicologia e diversidade sexual – as (trans) experiências na educação de corpos e feitura de gênero de travestis e transexuais no cariri cearense, vinculado ao Grupo de pesquisa Psicologia e Subjetividades Contemporâneas registrado junto ao Centro Universitário Dr Leao Sampaio - UNILEÃO em Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa tem por escopo problematizar a educação dos corpos e a feitura do gênero na constituição dos sujeitos. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica com base nos descritores “educação”, “corpo” e “gênero” em autores clássicos sobre a temática em questão e em artigos científicos. Destarte, discute-se sobre as questões que tangem ao biopoder e a domesticação dos corpos na educação, para em seguida refletir a binaridade do gênero e de uma ética da existência em corpos abjetos e por último, investiga-se o lugar dos desviantes, uma zona inóspita e de vida nua. Portanto, ressalta-se que as marcas identitárias de corpo-gênero-sexualidade implicam em forças de relações de poder e resistência em um campo sócio-histórico que envolve repetição de acontecimentos em prol da manutenção das normas e formas micropolíticas de subversividade.
A Study on Developing Future Scenarios in Architectural Design
Authors: Özkan Üstün Gizem , Işıklar Bengi Sena
Published: May 2021

The 21st century is known for globalisation and rapid transformations in technology. These transformations also affect architecture and the urban environment. Developing projections for the future of architecture is becoming more critical in this era, where the opportunities to adapt to rapid transformations are scarce. This study investigates how to develop future perspectives for the 21st century. Utopian speculations in the historical process and the 20th century's Futurism movement were examined in this regard. A collective and multi-future methodology has been developed as a unique approach. In this paper, a multifuture experimental study was conducted as a daily workshop. In the workshop, seven architecture students from various universities and different architectural education years studied possible future scenarios for Beşiktaş Fish Market. Students were tasked to produce designs in compliance with the chronological timeline of the future for the possible transformation of the Beşiktaş Fish Market. The market, designed by Gökhan Avcıoğlu and GAD in 2009, was accorded the 2012 International Architecture Award and 2014 Archmarathon Crowd. In light of the outcome products obtained from the workshop, it can be stated that a multi-future way of thinking and collective production contributes to imaginative free play in the architectural design process and is a proposal to architecture as a possible preparation for the future.
A Discussion on How to Apply Smart Data for Precision Marketing in the Global Economy: Asian Context
Authors: Zhu Sandy
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research is to provide support for the application of smart data, precision marketing, and business analysis and in so doing, it is aimed to contribute to the further sustainable development of the economy. At present, intelligent technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data are developing in full swing, and various application scenarios are gradually being launched. Smart data is a new sort of database in combination with artificial intelligence and big data technology, which makes artificial intelligence technology and big data the core concepts and the foundation of digital smart data. With smart data, companies could apply precision marketing to better reach their target consumers, push notifications at the right time, advertise the products and services consumers are interested in, and establish personalised marketing communication with each consumer in order to increase marketing efficiency. Undoubtedly, precision marketing has become the top priority in the development of the digital marketing industry, and it is becoming increasingly popular. The paper is based on this perspective and starts with an overview of smart data. The definition and development status of smart data are first reviewed, followed by an analysis of the application of smart data technology and precision marketing in digital marketing.
Numerical Simulation to Investigate the Occurrence of Vortices at Double Vertical Pumps Intakes
Authors: Kadhim Ali Fakhri , Al Thamiry Hayder A.
Published: May 2021

The pumping station is widely used in our modern life. The occurrence of the vortex at pumpsump, which is causing air entering pipe intake, is a common problem in the design of pumps. Thisphenomenon, including surface and sub-surface vortex, may lead to damage to the pumping structure, highpower consumption, and loss in pump performance. In some requirements, the multiple suction pipes areusing to get the required flow. Due to this arrangement, the performance of the suction pipes will influence.This paper is aimed to investigate the occurrence of vortices around the flow pattern of two pumps by usingComputational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code Fluent. This CFD model is based on solving Navier-Stockequations by finite volume method. The model of double suction pipes was investigated under five differentsubmergence depth (S) and five different suction velocities (v). The SST k-ω turbulence model was selectedfor the turbulence. The results showed that the air entering vortex does not appear when the submergencedepth (S) is equal or greater than 1.5 times from the diameter of the bellmouth for intake pipe (D). Thesurface vortex appeared obviously when the submergence depth (S) equals to 1.25D and the Froude numberat the bell is equal to or greater than 1.028, and appeared clearly when the (S/D=1) and Froude number isequal to or more than 0.77. The nearer attached wall vortex does not appear when the space from the centerof the suction pipe to the sidewall (C) equals 2 times of bell diameter.
Studying the Effect of Syrian Natural Zeolite On Properties of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Abdullh Mahmoud Ali , Suleiman Fayez , Ali Bassem , Dib Adel
Published: May 2021

In the last years, many researchers studied production of warm asphalt concrete by usingorganic, chemical and water-bearing additive )synthetic zeolite). The purpose of this research is to study theeffect of Syrian natural zeolite on the physical and rheological properties of asphalt binder and verify ofusing it to produce warm asphalt concrete (as a binder modifier or as additive to asphalt concrete), in additionto economic benefits by saving on the cost of synthetic zeolite. In this study, natural zeolite characterizationhas been investigated via X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermal Gravimetricanalysis (TGA). Natural zeolite was added to asphalt binder with different percentages (3, 4, 5 and 6%) byweight and to determine the effect of natural zeolite on properties of asphalt binder, penetration at )25(°∁,softening point, ductility, viscosity at (110, 120, 135)°∁ and RTOFT tests were carried out on both modifiedand unmodified aged asphalt binder with natural zeolite. According to the test results, it has been seen thatthe addition of natural zeolite improves properties of the asphalt binder and an increase in its resistance tofatigue, and do not make a substantial difference on the workability of the asphalt binder. So the effect ofthe mixture of natural zeolite additives on the workability could not be predicted on asphalt binder, thereforethe direct effect of additives should be studied on the asphalt mixtures.
The Effect of a Similar Strategy in The Rebuilding of Valuable Buildings
Authors: Al-Majidi Basim Hasan , El-Eqapy Ahmed Hashmi , ALqasi Saja Khalid
Published: May 2021

Reconstruction of archaeological buildings with destroyed or collapsed parts is considered oneof the most important and accurate operations in the field of preserving those buildings, given the continuityof these operations in the continuity of those archaeological buildings with their architectural and technicaldetails, and even their continued performance in their urban environment in many cases. These operationsare concerned with missing parts or the replacement of damaged parts. Many studies emerged that dealtwith this important aspect of reconfiguring and completing the demolished parts in historical and heritagebuildings, whether at the level of the part or all according to specific laws, but no study of the formal andintellectual mechanisms used to rebuild and reconstruct these buildings and their potential for architecturalproductions. Therefore, the research problem that emerged from the lack of clarity of knowledge about themost important formal and intellectual mechanisms for rebuilding in architecture and its cognitive indicatorswithin the outcome emerged, and the research was divided into two parts, the first part represented by thegeneral theoretical presentation that included the reconstruction processes and related determinants andclarification of the mechanism of formalism (similar and its connections) Theory and intellectual mechanism(analogy and its theoretical correlations), previous studies and the second part which represented the appliedside to form the theoretical framework from the above and applied it to groups of architectural productionsand then presented and discussed and analyzed the results of that application up to the presentation ofCrowns and recommendations that were referring to the general vision of the basic concept of researchadopted, the mechanistic aspect of form rather than intellectual.
The pollution of GroundWater with Nitrogen Fertilizers in Al-Mazraa/ Homs/ Syria
Authors: Aldeeb Safaa , Abdallah Ihab , Mohmmad Aber
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted in Al-Mazraa/ Homs/ Syria, which is an agricultural area with highpopulation. Most farmers there use Nitrogen as a fertilizer, which leads to pollute the underground waterwith Nitrates, and consequently the wells which are used for drinking. Data of water chemical tests for 10years was gathered and analyzed, the research showed that using Nitrogen fertilizer is the responsible forunderground water pollution. The results confirmed the importance of analyzing the soil before fertilizingand to define the Nitrate in it. The soil in the area is very permeable, as the Nitrate is a quick soluble, so itis not preferable to be used as a fertilizer and other fertilizers must be used. as a result, depending on newirrigation methods are preferable for fertilizing. The research recommends growing crops that do not needNitrogen fertilizers to save the prevent the pollution of underground water.
Religiositas Lansia Muslim di UPTD Griya Werdha Surabaya
Authors: Noor Triana Rosalina
Published: May 2021

This research aims to describe the religiosity of the elderly as seen from aspects of beliefs, rituals, knowledge, experience, and practice. This research was conducted in UPTD Griya Werdha Surabaya using a qualitative approach to phenomenology study as type. Retrieval data used in-depth interview techniques, observation, and documents five elderly Muslims using a purposive technique. The result of the research indicates that the spiritual dimension of the elderly has increased since in UPTD Griya Werdha Surabaya. The elderly forced their belief by carrying out religious rituals taught before and improved the quality to be better as they are now. Religious obtained through religious activities provided by the Griya Werdha through spiritual teachers who always help and assist the learning process. Also, the elderly become more mature in accepting their existence to prioritize God's prioritize closeness without forget to keep socializing with others. The wishes are elderly feel comfortable for the rest of their lives and can face death in husnul khotimah conditions.
Tinjauan Sistematis: Gambaran Kesehatan Mental Perawat yang Menangani Pasien Covid-19
Authors: Yuniswara Ernestine Oktaviana
Published: May 2021

Nurses hold pivotal role during COVID-19 pandemic through providing care toward the infected patients. Various pressures experienced by the nurses while working with COVID-19 patients affected their mental health states. This systematic review attempted to describe the mental health state of nurses who specifically work with COVID-19 patients. Five journals published in 2020 by international publishers were assessed for the methodological rigorousness including the title and its abstract, introduction and research aims, method and data, sampling, data analysis, ethics and bias, results, transferability, as well as the implications and usefulness. Through rigorous review of five studies using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) protocol, the mental health state of the nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 patients can be inferred from emotional, cognitive and behavior components, with mental health aspects such as anxiety, anger, fear, sadness, distress, happiness, optimism and germ aversion. Findings from this systematic review can be further developed as a more elaborate research using psychological variables found in nurses caring for COVID-19 patients
Regulasi Emosi dan Dukungan Sosial: Sebagai Prediktor Ide Bunuh Diri Mahasiswa
Authors: Adinda Syafira Triesna , Prastuti Endang
Published: May 2021

This study aims to know the effect of emotion regulation and social support towards suicidal ideation on college students. This research was based on preliminary data, which showed suicidal ideation that arose among college students. The subject of this study was 210 students of the State University of Malang. This study used descriptive-correlational research. The instrument used in this study was adapted from several measuring devices. There is Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) developed by Gross, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) designed by Hoberman & Cohen, and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) developed by PAR, Inc (Psychological Assessment Resource), which refers to the scale that was developed by Reynolds. The results show that (1) there is an effect of emotion regulation towards suicidal ideation with t-count value < 0.05 or by 0.000 (2) there is an effect of social support towards suicidal ideation with t-count value < 0.05 or by 0.008 (3) there is an effect of regulation emotion and social support towards suicidal ideation with f-count value < 0.05 or by 0.000, and 39.62% effective contribution. Based on these results, it can conclude that social support and emotional regulation influence the emergence of suicidal ideation in students.
Study of Acute Toxicity and Irritant Effect of Nasal Spray Naltrexone Hydrochloride
Authors: Domnina Yu. M. , Suslov V. V. , Kedik S. A. , Akhmedova D. A. , Malkova A. P.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Acute toxicity of naltrexone hydrochloride nasal spray during intragastric administration to mice and local irritant effect on rabbits was studied. At all stages of the experiment, observations were made on the General condition of the animals. The state of homeostasis was evaluated using functional, hematological and morphometric methods. According to the results of research, there was no local irritant effect on the eyes of rabbits, as well as no toxic effect of high doses of the drug on animals. Introduction. Naltrexone hydrochloride in doses of 1.5– 5 mg/day has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of a number of diseases. Due to the lack of such a "low-dose" naltrexone registered on the pharmaceutical market, we have developed the composition of the nasal spray naltrexone hydrochloride. One of the stages of our research is to study the safety of the drug being developed. The first step in this direction was to study its acute toxicity and local irritant effect.Aim. Study of acute toxicity and local irritant effect of naltrexone hydrochloride nasal spray.Materials and methods. The object of the study was a nasal spray of naltrexone hydrochloride. Acute toxicity studies were performed on outbred adult mice (females). Study of local irritant effect on Soviet chinchilla rabbits (males).Results and discussion. The study of acute toxicity showed that the drug, at a dose significantly higher than the estimated maximum daily therapeutic dose for humans, did not have a significant toxic effect on the body of laboratory animals. The presence of a local irritant effect in the studied drug was not established in the framework of the experiment.Conclusion. As part of the experiment, the drug under study did not have a local irritant or toxic effect on the animal body. The results obtained allow us to continue the development and study of the nasal spray naltrexone hydrochloride.
Development of Simultaneous Determination Method of a Pregnan Steroid with Gestagenic Activity – Gestobutanoil and Two its Metabolites in Rat Serum
Authors: Stepanova E. S. , Makarenkova L. M. , Goryainov S. V. , Fedotcheva T. A. , Shimanovsky N. L.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Gestobutanoil is a synthetic pregnane steroid with gestagenic activity. Gestobutanoil has two pharmacologically active metabolites (AMOL and megestrol acetate). This implies the need for a detailed study of the kinetics of metabolites. It is rational to combine the study of the pharmacokinetics of gestobutanoil and its metabolites (AMOL and megestrol acetate). The simultaneous determination of several analytes in the rats’ serum can be carried out using chromatography-mass-spectrometry.Aim. Development of an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of gestobutanoil and two its metabolites in a biomatrix (rat serum).Materials and methods. The following methods were used to determine gestobutanoyl and two its metabolites in a biological matrix: GC-MS, HPLCESI-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS with derivatization, HPLC-APCI-MS.Results and discussion. When working with GC-MS, the chromatographic peaks of gestobutanoyl, AMOL, and megestrol acetate were strongly blurred and superimposed on each other, which is apparently due to the thermolability of the substances. The GC-MS method was abandoned in favor of HPLC. Analytes were separated by HPLC gradient elution on a C18 column. ESI ionization did not give typical protonated ions of gestobutanoyl and AMOL, and the intense signals of their cationized ions and fragment ions, which were observed in the spectra of AMOL and gestobutanoyl, could not ensure the reproducibility of the spectra, since the conditions of their formation are not suitable for routine analysis. Derivatization of analytes to form oximes and substituted hydrazones did not give the expected reaction products for HPLC-ESI-MS. APCI made it possible to remove intense cationized ions from the spectra of gestobutanoyl and AMOL and to increase the reliability of the method. The HPLCAPCI-MS technique was reproduced on model rat blood serum.Conclusion. An HPLC-MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of gestobutanoyl, megestrol acetate, and AMOL. The technique was tested on a model rat blood serum containing all three analytes.
The History of the Creation of the VII State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR (Review)
Authors: Guzev K. S.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The objective necessity of the appearance of this code of laws for the pharmaceu-tical industry is shown. The proofs of the readiness of all branches of pharmacy to develop the text of the Pharmacopoeia, taking into account modern international requirements for scientific and practical activities in the development, manufacture and production of medicines, are presented.Text. The work presents the history of the creation of the VII edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. The sequence of steps for the formation of the Pharmacopoeia Commission, the stages of its activities for the preparation of the updated text of the Pharmacopoeia is described, a detailed analysis of the prepared text is given in comparison with the current Pharmacopoeia of the VI edition (1910). Various points of view of experts on the content of the main text are cited, which served as the basis for the new document. The role of domestic scien-tists-pharmacists in the development and publication of the VII edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR is evaluated.Conclusion. The role of the Pharmacopoeia Commission in the timely development of the text of the new edition of the State Pharmacopoeia is emphasized. The fact of its wide discussion among experts and the novelty of the approach, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the entire industry, are noted.
Biopharmaceutical Trials of a Dosage Form, which Contain Methionine and Turmeric Extract (Curcuma longa L.)
Authors: Gizinger O. A. , Khisamova A. A.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The presence of biologically active substances in the extract from the roots of turmeric extract (Curcuma longa L.) makes it reasonable and makes it possible to predict their effectiveness in pathological conditions caused by oxidative stress and immune disorders arising against its background. Based on data obtained, a pattern was revealed in improving the solubility of the combination of methionine and turmeric extract, which includes auxiliary substances. Dosage form – granules with methionine and liquid turmeric extract, with enteric coat can be used to eliminate the consequences of oxidative and immune disorders, treatment and prevention of systemic diseases caused by oxidative stress.Aim. Biopharmaceutical and in-process tests of the pharmaceutical composition of granules with methionine and liquid turmeric extract.Materials and methods. The object of the trials was the multicomponent drug containing methionine and a liquid turmeric extract of the roots. The proposed composition of plant compositions is original, had no analogues and protected by a patent for an invention (RU 268 4111). To assess the pharmaceutical properties, biopharmaceutical trials carried out by the UV-spectrophotometric method using biorelevant medium. The research results statistically processed using Statistica for Windows, version 10.Results and discussion. Based on the data obtained, a pattern revealed in improving the solubility of the combination of methionine and turmeric extract, in contrast to the multicomponent composition containing only turmeric extract.Conclusion. The developed multicomponent pharmaceutical composition will expand the register of herbal medicines of domestic production for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress.
Preparation of 2-phenyl-9-diethylaminoethylimidazo[1,2-α]benzimidazole dinitrate tablets and development of quality control methods
Authors: Domanina A. M. , Chernikov M. V. , Remezova I. P. , Stepanova E. F. , Shevchenko A. M. , Morozov A. V.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Currently, for the treatment of gastric ulcer, drugs with a combined effect are used. To eliminate possible side effects of the drugs used, the search for new molecules to create more effective and safe histamine H2 receptors continues. As a possible solution to these problems, we investigated the substance dinitrate of 2-phenyl-9-diethylaminoethylimidazo[1,2-α]benzimidazole (DFDB).Aim. The aim of this study was to obtain 2-phenyl-9-diethylaminoethylimidazo[1,2-α]benzimidazole dinitrate tablets and develop methods for quality control.Materials and methods. The object of study was tablets based on the substance DF DB. The physicochemical and technological properties of the tablet dosage form were studied. Pharmaco-technological and physico-chemical indicators were determined according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV edition. Identification and quantitative determination of DFDB in tablets was performed by HPLC.Results and discussion. Based on the physico-chemical properties and determination of the main technological indicators of DFDB, an optimal tableting technology has been developed. The optimal composition of tablets has been developed. Identification of tablets is proposed to be carried out using HPLC in comparison with the standard sample of DFDB. Related impurities, according to the data obtained, do not exceed 0.1 %. We found that the tablets do not have an antimicrobial effect. The analyzed tablets correspond to category 3A. The content of DFDB should be from 95 to 105 % of the declared amount in one tablet. During the analysis, we conducted biopharmaceutical and technological studies of the finished dosage form during storage under the conditions of long-term stability testing in polymer cans with screw-on lids. It is shown that the selected composition of excipients and the production technology ensure the stability of the finished dosage form for two years of storage under the observed conditions. To select the tableting technology, the main technological properties of the DFDB substance are analyzed. The choice of excipients and the composition of the film coating was carried out.Conclusion. The technology is developed and standardization of tablets based on the substance DFDB is proposed.
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Three Dimeric A-type Proanthocyanidins from Empetrum Nigrum L.
Authors: Ponkratova A. O. , Whaley A. K. , Orlova A. A. , Smirnov S. N. , Serebryakov E. B. , Luzhanin V. G.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Urinary tract infections are a common group of diseases worldwide, affecting more than 150 million people every year. In about 30 % of patients with initial infection, UTI becomes chronic. Herbal medicines, along with synthetic diuretics and antibiotics, are widely used for the prevention and treatment of UTIs, which makes the search and isolation of various substances from plant materials an important task. The present study is devoted to the isolation of compounds belonging to the class of proanthocyanidins from the aerial part of the black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.).Aim. Method development for the isolation of individual dimeric type A proanthocyanidins from the aerial part of Empetrum nigrum and the elucidation of their chemical structure using modern physicochemical methods of analysis.Materials and methods. Shoots of Empetrum nigrum were collected next to the Saint Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University Nursery Garden of Medicinal Plants (Leningrad region, Vsevolozhsky district, Priozerskoe highway, 38 km) in August 2019. Fraction analysis was performed through analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Prominence LC-20 (Shimadzu corp., Japan) equipped with a SPD-M20A diode-array detector, as well as by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) using a CAMAG HPTLC system (Switzerland). The isolation of compounds was carried out by open column chromatography using sorbents with different selectivity, as well as by preparative HPLC using a Smartline system (Knauer, Germany) equipped with a spectrophotometric detector. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR experiments (Bruker Avance III 400 MHz, Germany), as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) (Bruker Micromass Q-TOF, Germany).Results and discussion. Using the developed methods, from the Empetrum nigrum shoots we managed to isolate and characterised three individual compounds belonging to the class of A-type proanthocyanidins. According to NMR and mass spectrometry data, compound 1 is epicatechin-(2β → O → 5, 4β → 6)-epicatechin, with an extremely rare type of intermonomer bond (2β → O → 5, 4β → 6). Compounds 2 and 3 are epicatechin-(2β → O → 7, 4β → 8)-epicatechin (procyanidin A2) and epicatechin-(2β → O → 7, 4β → 8)-catechin (procyanidin A1), respectively. All individual compounds (1-3) were found and isolated from Empetrum nigrum for the first time.Conclusion. As a result of the research, three individual compounds (A-type proanthocyanidins) were isolated from the aerial part of Empetrum nigrum. All individual compounds (1-3) were found and isolated from Empetrum nigrum for the first time. Future assessment of the isolated compounds biological activity is presumed.
Феномен многогранности человека: хирург-изобретатель, ученый-исследователь, писатель-прозаик Винокуров И.И.
Authors: Винокурова Оксана , Винокурова Мария
Published: May 2021

Природосообразное воспитание и значимые моменты жизни, сопровождавшие Винокурова И.И. с детства стали основой формирования его личности, как хирурга, ученого, писателя. Становление личности профессионала проходило в экстремальных условиях Крайнего Севера, затем в коллективе крупного научного учреждения, что мотивировало на поиск здоровье сберегающих методов хирургических вмешательств и постоянного самосовершенствования уровня своей квалификации. Инновационный подход к профессиональной деятельности стал ядром многих научных открытий и изобретений. Достижение качественно значимых результатов в области практической хирургии, организации системы здравоохранения, научной деятельности успешно сочетались с развитием творческого потенциала Винокурова И.И. как писателя. Яркие литературные произведения, созданные талантливым писателем свидетельство многогранности его таланта. Источником его успеха стали не только природная одаренность, черты характера, но и любовь к родному краю и к своему народу. Жизнь многогранной личности была жестоко прервана страшной эпидемией XXI века, вызванной новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19. Изучение личности выдающегося сына эвенкийского народа Винокурова И.И. является актуальной темой научного познания различных областей наук.
Мотив четырехлистника и его вероятные истоки в народном орнаментальном искусстве саха
Authors: Тихонова Елена , Тихонов Дмитрий
Published: May 2021

Мотив четырехлистника (quatrefoil) является популярным орнаментом в декоративном и народно-прикладном искусстве саха. Он популярен не только в Якутии, но и по всему миру. Но вплоть до настоящего времени отсутствуют обобщающие работы по этому орнаментальному мотиву и не исследованы символические знаки мотива у разных народов. Проведенные нами исследования позволили выявить, что мотив четырехлистника в орнаментах и декоративном искусстве появился еще в период неолита в культуре Халаф в Месопотамии около 5765 г. до н. э. Ряд исследователей считают, что этот мотив являлся символом мужской плодовитости. Нами была выдвинута гипотеза о том, что мотив четырехлистника, вероятно, появился в печатях торговцев кавказской хурмой и изображал четырехлистник ее чашечки. Благодаря развитию торговли этот мотив широко распространился по миру. Восточная хурма как важный продукт для благополучия древнего населения Китая стала образом мотива четырехлистника, который был перенят сюнну как символ защиты и воскрешения. Вероятно, от них мотив широко распространился среди тюркских народов. У саха этот мотив, видимо, был заимствован у сюнну, на что указывает обилие форм орнамента и наличие археологических, антропологических и генетических данных, показывающих существование достаточно тесных связей с культурой сюнну. Мотивы четырехлистника, сходного с декоративными формами готических соборов, вероятно, были занесены в среднюю Лену представителями культур Чаатас и Тюхтят Хакасии.
О редкой коллекции школьного музея
Authors: Уваровская Александра
Published: May 2021

Летом 1993 г. ученик 5 класса Морукской средней школы Николай Аринкин нашел в местности Липпэ на территории Морукского наслега Мегино-Кангаласского улуса копье и отдал учителю биологии М. С. Ермолаевой для передачи директору школьного музея того периода Н. М. Ермолаеву.

Артефакт хранится в школьном музее под инв. № 10. Наконечник копья длиной 20 см, втулка – 13 см, ее диаметр – 3,5 см. Копье имеет обоюдоострое лезвие в форме листа. Хорошо очерченная средняя жилка переходит в коническое гнездо усиленным более широким концом. С одной стороны, отмечается трещина почти на всю длину втулки. На месте перехода втулки на наконечник имеются три утолщения, украшенные косой штриховкой с двух сторон. Утолщения с обеих сторон украшены двумя параллельными насечками. Утолщение конца втулки разделено линией и украшено косыми штриховками в виде елочки. Имеется одно боковое штифтовое отверстие в гнезде
You are not born a Person, you become a Person
Authors: Николаев Валериан
Published: May 2021

A surgeon working in the northern regions of Yakutia, chief physician, resident physician at the Second Pirogov Moscow ‘Order of Lenin’ State Medical University, surgeon-phthisiologist of Yakutia Institute for Research in Tuberculosis—this is the quality path of Innokenty Vinokurov in his career of a doctor and an innovative surgeon and phthisiologist. This professional development was underpinned by a number of great human qualities such as keen-witted character, strong work ethic, strong will of a northerner, commitment, curiosity, refined perception of the environment, creativity in everything he ever attempted to do.

An innovative surgeon, a research scientist, a novelist—Innokenty Vinokurov, who dedicated more than 40 years of his life to healing and serving others, fell victim to the horrible pandemic of the 21st century, which took his life on June 21, 2020.
The quatrefoil motif and its probable origins in Sakha folk ornamental art
Authors: Tikhonova Elena , Tikhonov Dmitrii
Published: May 2021

The quatrefoil motif is a popular ornament in Sakha decorative and folk arts and crafts. It is popular not only in Yakutia, but all over the world. Until now, however, there have been no generalized works on this ornamental motif. Its symbolic signs have not been studied. Our study has revealed that the quatrefoil motif in ornamentation and decorative art dates back to the Neolithic period in the Halaf culture of Mesopotamia around 5765 BC. A number of researchers believe that this motif was a symbol of male fertility. We hypothesized that the quatrefoil motif probably appeared in the seals of Caucasian persimmon merchants and depicted the quatrefoil of its calyx. Thanks to the growing influence of trade, this motif has spread around the world. The oriental persimmon, as an important product for the well-being of the ancient Chinese population, became an image of the quatrefoil motif, which was adopted by the Xiongnu as a symbol of protection and resurrection. From them, the motif probably spread widely among the Turkic peoples. The Sakha apparently borrowed this motif from the Xiongnu, as indicated by the abundance of ornamental forms and the presence of archaeological, anthropological, and genetic data, which show the existence of sufficiently close links with the Xiongnu culture. The quatrefoil motif similar to the decorative forms of Gothic cathedrals was probably introduced to the Middle Lena by representatives of the Chaatas and Tyukhtyat cultures in Khakassia.
Makar Konstantinovich Dobrov (1903-1969)
Authors: Nadezhda Chistobaeva
Published: May 2021

The oral poetry of the Khakass people survived thanks to the masters and keepers of verbal creative work, who carefully kept the works in the memory and skillfully passed them on from generation to generation. In the public environment, the masters of epic were always surrounded by honor and respect. One of the greatest masters of storytelling improvisation is the outstanding khaidzhi-nymakhchi, Makar Konstantinovich Dobrov (1903-1969). The author focuses on the in-depth study of the storyteller’s creative work, features of storytelling mastery.
On the rare collection of the School Museum
Authors: Aprosimova Alexandra
Published: May 2021

In the summer of 1993, Nikolai Arinkin, a 5th grade pupil of the Moruk secondary school, found a spear in the Lippe area on the territory of the Moruk nasleg of the Megino-Kangalassky District and handed it over to the Biology teacher M.S. Ermolaeva to be conveyed to N.M. Ermolaev, the then-director of the school museum.
The artifact is kept at the school museum under inv. No. 10. The spearhead is 20 cm long, the socket is 13 cm, its diameter is 3.5 cm. The spear has a double-edged blade in the shape of a leaf. The well-defined midrib merges into a conical socket with a reinforced wider edge. On one side, a crack can be noted almost the entire length of the socket. Where the socket merges into the tip, there are three thickenings ornamented with oblique shading on both sides. The nubs on both sides are decorated with two parallel notches. The thickening of the socket edge is divided by a line and decorated with oblique herringbone hatching. There is one lateral pin hole in the socket
School closures during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak
Authors: Cho Eun Young , Choe Young June
Published: May 2021

School closures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have been outlined in studies from different disciplines, including economics, sociology, mathematical modeling, epidemiology, and public health. In this review, we discuss the implications of school closures in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Modeling studies of the effects of school closures, largely derived from the pandemic influenza model, on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 produced conflicting results. Earlier studies assessed the risk of school reopening by modeling transmission across schools and communities; however, it remains unclear whether the risk is due to increased transmission in adults or children. The empirical findings of the impact of school closures on COVID-19 outbreaks suggest no clear effect, likely because of heterogeneity in community infection pressure, differences in school closure strategies, or the use of multiple interventions. The benefits of school closings are unclear and not readily quantifiable; however, they must be weighed against the potential high social costs, which can also negatively affect the health of this generation.
Environmental determinants of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and the likelihood of further dispersion in the face of climate change in Texas, USA
Authors: Villamizar-Gomez A , Wang HH , Peterson MR , Grant WE , Forstner MRJ
Published: May 2021

One of the major drivers of amphibian population declines is Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We sought to identify the major environmental drivers of Bd prevalence in Texas, USA, by drawing results from museum specimens. We sampled one of the largest museum collections in Texas, the Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections at Texas A&M University. Our sampling focused on the 9 amphibian species with the widest geographical distribution within the state, where we sub-sampled 30% of each species per decade from 1930 to present via skin swabs, totaling 1501 independent sampling events, and used quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect pathogen presence. We analyzed several geo-referenced variables describing climatic conditions to identify potential factors influencing the likelihood of presence of Bd using boosted regression trees. Our final model suggests the most influential variables are mean temperature of driest quarter, annual mean temperature, temperature annual range, and mean diurnal range. The most likely suitable range for Bd is currently found in the Blackland Prairie and Cross Timbers ecoregions. Results of our future (to the year 2040) projections suggest that Bd could expand its current distribution. Our model could play an important role when developing an integrated conservation plan through (1) focusing future field work on locations with a high likelihood of presence, (2) assisting in the choice of locations for restoration, and (3) developing future research plans including those necessary for projecting reactions to climate change. Our model also could integrate new presence data of Bd when they become available to enhance prediction precision.