bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory Activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) Against Suppressor and Proinflammatory Molecules
Authors:   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Supriyanto Supriyanto , Widjanarko Simon ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Rifa'i Muhaimin ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Yunianta Yunianta ,   Brawijaya University
Published: January 2022

Neem plant is rich in bioactive constituents, which make it massively discussed the treatment of various diseases. A study on the immunomodulatory activities of neem is given here. This current work aimed to investigate the effects of neem leaf extract on immunocompetent cells. In vivo experiment was carried out using mice (Mus musculus) Â induced with DMBA, comprising positive control, negative control, and treatments of neem leaf extracts (250, 500, and 1000 ppm). Data obtained from flow cytometric analysis were evaluated using BD Cellquest ProTM software, then statistically analyzed in SPSS version 21. Parametric analysis in one-way ANOVA was performed at a significance level of 5%. The significant difference was compared in the Duncan test. The results showed that administration of neem leaf extracts significantly affected the expression of CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, CD62L, IL-10, and IL-17 cells .Neem leaf extract has immunomodulatory activities by increasing pressure molecules and decreasing pro-inflammatory molecules
Cambios en la presión arterial de acuerdo con la estatura en adultos mexicanos
Authors: Perez-Sastre Miguel A. , Ortiz-Hernandez Luis
Published: January 2022

OBJETIVO: Determinar si existen diferencias en el cambio de la presión arterial a lo largo del tiempo de acuerdo con la estatura en adultos mexicanos. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron las bases de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Niveles de Vida de los Hogares en la que se siguieron a los miembros de los hogares entre el 2005 y 2009. Se seleccionaron a los participantes que tenían entre 20 y 40 años (n = 7,130). Se estimaron modelos multinivel con intercepto aleatorio para analizar diferencias en los cambios de la presión arterial de acuerdo con la estatura. Los modelos fueron ajustados por edad, tamaño de localidad, región geográfica, ingreso familiar per cápita, índice cintura-estatura, actividad física, consumo de alcohol, tabaquismo y uso de antihipertensivos. RESULTADOS: En ambos sexos, la presión arterial inicial tendió a ser menor conforme la estatura fuese menor. Las diferencias se mantuvieron tanto en los modelos crudos como en los modelos ajustados. En los varones los incrementos de la presión sistólica a lo largo del tiempo tendieron a ser mayores conforme la estatura era más alta. CONCLUSIONES: Contrario a lo observado en países de altos ingresos, en México la presión arterial se asoció positivamente con la estatura.
School's Out: How Summer Youth Employment Programs Impact Academic Outcomes
Authors: Modestino Alicia Sasser , Paulsen Richard
Published: January 2022

Recently there has been an emphasis on how time spent outside of the classroom can affect student outcomes, including high school graduation, with the hope of closing academic achievement gaps along socioeconomic and racial lines. This paper provides experimental evidence regarding a particular type of out-of-school activity—early work experience—on high school academic outcomes for low-income inner-city youth. Using randomized admissions lotteries for students who applied to the Boston Summer Youth Employment Program (SYEP), we estimate the effect of being selected to participate on academic outcomes as measured by administrative school records. We find that SYEP lottery winners are 4.4 percentage points more likely to graduate from high school on time and 2.5 percentage points less likely to drop out of high school during the four years after participating in the program relative to the control group. These improvements appear to be driven by better attendance and course performance in the year after being selected for the program, with the program's impact on attendance persisting into the second year. Survey data suggest that the Boston SYEP may affect academic outcomes by increasing aspirations to attend college, gaining basic work habits, and improving social skills during the summer.
Explanation-Based Human Debugging of NLP Models: A Survey
Authors: Lertvittayakumjorn Piyawat , Toni Francesca
Published: January 2022

Debugging a machine learning model is hard since the bug usually involves the training data and the learning process. This becomes even harder for an opaque deep learning model if we have no clue about how the model actually works. In this survey, we review papers that exploit explanations to enable humans to give feedback and debug NLP models. We call this problem explanation-based human debugging (EBHD). In particular, we categorize and discuss existing work along three dimensions of EBHD (the bug context, the workflow, and the experimental setting), compile findings on how EBHD components affect the feedback providers, and highlight open problems that could be future research directions.
A new species of Neorhynchoplax Holthuis, 1968 (Brachyura, Hymenosomatidae) from West Bengal, India
Authors: Mitra Santanu , Ng Peter K. L.
Published: January 2022

The hymenosomatid crab Neorhynchoplax devroyi sp. nov. is described here from West Bengal in eastern India. The species is most similar to N. demeloi Kemp, 1917, described from Cochin in western India, but can easily be distinguished by its proportionately longer and more slender ambulatory legs, truncate cutting teeth on the chelipeds, relatively broader first pleonal somite and the distal part of the male first gonopod being stout and short. Ten species of Neorhynchoplax Holthuis, 1968, are now known from Indian waters.
Mullā Ṣadrā’s Arrivers in the Heart (al-Wāridāt al-Qalbiyya)
Authors: Chittick William C.
Published: January 2022

It is increasingly difficult after Ibn ʿArabī (d. 638/1240) to differentiate the aims of the Sufis from those of the philosophers. Mullā Ṣadrā (d. 1050/1640) offers a fine example of a thinker who synthesized the Sufi and philosophical methodologies in his voluminous writings. In Arrivers in the Heart he combines the precision of philosophical reasoning with the recognition (maʿrifa) of God and self that was central to the concerns of the Sufi teachers. In forty “effusions” (fayḍ) of mostly rhymed prose, he provides epitomes of many of the themes that he addresses in his long books. These include the concept and reality of existence, the Divine Essence and Attributes, God’s omniscience, theodicy, eschatology, the worlds of the cosmos, spiritual psychology, divine and human love, disciplining the soul, and the nature of human perfection.
Traduction commentée des sentences parallèles (duilian) de Ma Qixi (1857-1914), fondateur du Xidaotang
Authors: Hille Marie-Paule
Published: January 2022

Cet article propose d’explorer les procédés par lesquels une pensée soufie s’est diffusée dans les lieux de culte et de vie communautaire des musulmans chinois dans le nord-ouest de la Chine pendant la première moitié du XXe siècle. La traduction et l’étude des seize sentences parallèles (duilian) écrites entre 1908 et 1914 par le saint fondateur du Xidaotang, Ma Qixi (1857-1914), montrent que l’usage d’une terminologie puisée dans les registres de la pensée morale et des religions chinoises (néo-confucianisme, bouddhisme, taoïsme) et la maîtrise de procédés textuels chinois, tels que le parallélisme et la correspondance, ont été des ressorts efficaces pour répandre les préceptes islamiques, les règles de conduite morale en société et les principes d’une spiritualité soufie. Ces sentences parallèles, exposées dans les lieux fréquentés par les croyants, rappelaient les règles de vie en communauté et guidaient les fidèles sur le chemin de la Voie. Bien que le message religieux soit exprimé dans la matrice d’une pensée chinoise, tant terminologique que textuelle, sa signification n’en reste pas moins islamique pour ceux qui le reçoivent et l’interprètent. L’examen approfondi de ce corpus de sentences parallèles révèle qu’elles véhiculent des catégories de l’action qui incitent à l’accomplissement des actes méritoires ; leur originalité réside probablement dans le fait qu’elles rappellent à tout moment, dans les espaces communs, la figure de l’exemplarité et le principe de l’unicité divine.
From the Remainder of Adam’s Clay
Authors: Karjoo-Ravary Ali
Published: January 2022

This article presents an introduction to and a complete English translation of the eighth chapter of Ibn al-ʿArabī’s (d. 638/1240) magnum opus al-Futūḥāt al-makkiyya. The chapter, entitled, “On the earth that was made from the remainder of Adam’s leaven clay, which is the Earth of Reality, and on some of the strange and wondrous things contained therein,” contains a description of a world wholly separate from our own. An underlying argument in this chapter is that the human intellect, constrained as it is by the categories of possibilities which pertain to our earthly configuration, is incapable of grasping the vast expanse of this “Earth of Reality.” Ibn al-ʿArabī also aims to show how many of the Qur’anic and Prophetic traditions which the intellect struggles to comprehend exist in this other world without any contradiction. In this sense, the chapter in question seeks to inculcate a sense of wonder and bewilderment in readers, reminding them that there will always be worlds, beyond our immediate sensory world, that remain to be seen and known.
A Treatise on Practical and Theoretical Sufism in the Sokoto Caliphate
Authors: Oludamini Ogunnaike
Published: January 2022

This article presents an annotated translation of The Exposition of Devotions, a short text by Shaykh ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Muṣtafā (1218–1280/1804–1864) about his spiritual master and maternal uncle, Muḥammad Sambo (1195–1242/1782–1826). Muḥammad Sambo was the son of ʿUthmān ibn Fūdī (also known as Usman dan Fodio), the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, one of the largest pre-colonial polities on the African continent. While modern scholarship has tended to focus on the political, legal, social, and economic dimensions of the jihad movement that created the Sokoto Caliphate, this text provides a brief, but detailed account of the spiritual practices and discussions amongst Usman dan Fodio’s clan (the Fodiawa), demonstrating the centrality of the Akbarī tradition in technical discussions, as well as the unique developments of this tradition in thirteenth/nineteenth century West Africa. The work begins with an account of a dream of the then-deceased Muḥammad Sambo that occasioned its composition, and after a brief discussion of the status of dreams and their importance, gives an account of Sambo’s spiritual method and practices. The short treatise concludes with the author’s summary of Sambo’s responses to several technical and highly esoteric questions posed to him by the author, illustrating the profound mastery and unique perspectives developed on these topics by the Fodiawa. Combining oneirology, hagiography, practical and theoretical Sufism, this short treatise is an illuminating window into the spiritual and intellectual traditions of the founders of the Sokoto Caliphate.
Ẕahīn Shāh Tājī’s (d. 1978) Signs of Beauty (Āyāt-i Jamāl)
Authors: Latif Amer
Published: January 2022

Bābā Ẕahīn Shāh Tājī (d. 1978) is a well-known Sufi poet in Pakistan. He belonged to the Chishtī Sufi order and his mausoleum in Karachi is a center of pilgrimage known for its weekly Qawwali (devotional singing) gatherings. This article presents an overview of Tājī’s experience and articulation of the Sufi path through selected English translations from his collection of Urdu ghazals, Signs of Beauty (Āyāt-i jamāl), which are performed by Qawwals and ghazal singers both in India and in Pakistan to this day.
China’s Approach to Marine Scientific Research
Authors: Hong Nong
Published: January 2022

This article addresses the legislation, policy and State practice of China on marine scientific research (MSR). It elaborates in detail both international and domestic legislation of China governing MSR in waters within its national jurisdiction and points to the legal controversy and ambiguity of MSR conducted by foreign parties. It also raises a critical question on how to approach MSR in overlapping maritime zones amidst pending maritime delimitation.
Maritime Spatial Planning and Protection of the Marine Environment
Authors: Papanicolopulu Irini
Published: January 2022

Protection and preservation of the marine environment is a priority under international law, as codified and further developed in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Nonetheless, the current state of the marine environment questions whether the approach adopted in the UNCLOS and other legal instruments, whereby each type of pollution is addressed separately, really suffices to ensure good environmental status. For this reason, new tools have been developed, including marine (or maritime) spatial planning (MSP) and integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). This article discusses MSP and its role in ensuring protection of the marine environment, both within and beyond areas under national jurisdiction.
The Contribution of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to the Protection of the Marine Environment
Authors: Heidar Tomas
Published: January 2022

In its 25 years’ history, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea has dealt with a number of environmental cases. This has primarily occurred in the context of proceedings relating to the prescription of provisional measures and in advisory proceedings. This article explains how the Tribunal has reaffirmed and developed the basic environmental principles in Part XII of the Law of the Sea Convention, including the obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment, the precautionary approach, the duty to conduct environmental impact assessments, and the duty to cooperate, as well as the duty of due diligence, thereby contributing to the protection of the marine environment. Part XII of the Convention is a product of the 1970s and its provisions therefore reflect the state of international environmental law at that time. However, the Tribunal has interpreted and applied the aforementioned principles consistently with the contemporary state of international environmental law.
Recycling European Narratives in South Korea’s ‘Refugee Crisis’: Islamophobia, #MeToo, and Yemeni Refugees on Jeju Island
Authors: Sheikh Farrah
Published: January 2022

2018 was a politically tempestuous time for South Korea as a little over 500, mostly male, Yemeni asylum-seekers landed on Korea’s Jeju Island. Their unexpected arrival caught Korean society, already in the midst of its own #MeToo wave off guard, resulting in a wave of pro- and anti-refugee demonstrations across the country. Fueled by real and fake news about refugee illegal activities in Europe, anti-refugee backlash in Korea took an Islamophobic and feminist tone. Based on digital ethnography, this article presents observations from online voices – refugees, feminists, and media actors – expressed through Naver News and Naver Cafes to assess the ways in which Korea’s refugee crisis was represented in local and global anti-refugee and Islamophobic narratives, aimed in particular at Muslim men. This research highlights the impact of European narratives on Korean society and raises questions over how Korean society can create a wider, inclusive digital democracy.
Towards a More Inclusive Digital Democracy in Asia: Introduction to the Digital Democracy Special Issue of Asiascape: Digital Asia
Authors: Lee Yenn
Published: January 2022

This article provides an introduction to the Asiascape: Digtial Asia special issue on digital democracy. It provides readers with a brief overview of literature that deals with digital democracy and marginalized groups online, followed by an overview of the contributions that make up this issue. It argues that democracy is only as strong as the voices on its margins, and it calls for deeper reflection about how we can create more inclusive models of digital democracy in Asia and beyond.
According to the Promise
Authors: Robinson Matthew K.
Published: January 2022

This article analyses Paul’s argument regarding the reception of the Spirit and the creation of a new covenantal identity in Galatians 3:1–6:10 so as to illumine the provocative declaration in Gal. 3:28. Some scholars (e.g., Douglas Campbell) read Paul’s words in Gal. 3:28 as a pronouncement of the dissolution of ethnic, social, or gender categories. However, the pneumatological framework spanning from Gal. 3:1–6:10, within which Gal. 3:28 appears, suggests that Paul’s proclamation is concerned with the new covenantal identity forged through the reception of the Spirit which, rather than abolishing, relativises these categories. Thus, when we consider the structure of Paul’s polemic surrounding Gal. 3:28, we find that Paul’s primary concern is the new identity shared in Christ by all believers through the Spirit, not the removal of distinction or dissolution of ethnic, social, or gender categories.
Basil of Caesarea, Inseparable Operations, and the Divinity of the Holy Spirit
Authors: Teer Torey J. S.
Published: January 2022

Basil of Caesarea is one of the most prominent pro-Nicene theologians and defenders of the Holy Spirit. One of the common features of pro-Nicene theology is the doctrine of inseparable operations—that all acts of the triune God in creation are undivided. But what role did the inseparability principle play in Basil’s trinitarian theology, especially regarding the Holy Spirit? Examining Basil’s historical context and his major works Against Eunomius and On the Holy Spirit, this article argues that the doctrine of inseparable operations is a critical and proper element in the bishop’s trinitarian theology and, therefore, is vital to his defending the Holy Spirit’s co-divinity alongside the Father and the Son. Basil’s coherence of the inseparability axiom with the other elements of pro-Nicene theology thus serves as a fitting case study of classical trinitarianism. His legacy has become our inheritance.
Strategies for Engineering Exosomes and Their Applications in Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhu Mengxi , Li Shan , Li Sanqiang , Wang Haojie , Xu Juanjuan , Wang Yili , Liang Gaofeng
Published: January 2022

Exosomes are representative of a promising vehicle for delivery of biomolecules. Despite their discovery nearly 40 years, knowledge of exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the role they play in etiology of disease and normal cellular physiology remains in its infancy. EVs are
produced in almost all cells, containing nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins delivered from donor cells to recipient cells. Consequently, they act as mediators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent studies have shown that, exosomes are associated with numerous physiological
and pathological processes as a small subset of EVs, and they play a significant role in disease progression and treatment. In this review, we discuss several key questions: what are exosomes, why do they matter, and how do we repurpose them in their strategies and applications in drug delivery
systems. In addition, opportunities and challenges of exosome-based theranostics are also described and directions for future research are presented.
Myricetin-Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Tumor Synergistic Therapy by Antioxidation Pathway
Authors: Qian Yumei , Zhao Fang , Wang Jing , Li Hongxia , Xu Lisheng , Wang Weiwei , Yu Weixiong , Shan Lingling
Published: January 2022

Nanoplatforms are nano-scale systems that can transport different small molecular anticancer drugs or chemosensitization motif to accumulate in tumor cells without obvious side-effect in normal cells and achieve a synergistic therapy. In this paper the new self-assembled nanoparticles
(NPs) merging doxorubicin (DOX) and myricetin (MYR) with ferric ions (Fe3+) and polyphenol was employed for forming the DOX@MYR-Fe3+ NP (FDMP NP). The FDMP NPs could reduce the DOX-induced toxicity in blood; and they could not cause damage to the heart and kidney tissues
by the reasons that the MYR could enhance the anti-oxidation capability in normal cells, which resulted in preventing ROS-induced damage. Additionally, the FDMP NPs were characteristic of small size (37.70 ± 6.30 nm), high DOX loading efficiency (46.67 ± 1.58%), pH-controlled
release and excellent stable pharmacokinetics, that inducing drug release and enhancing drug accumulation in the tumor. Moreover, the FDMP NPs could inhibit the expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α(HIF-1α) and the key angiogenesis mediator vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) both in vitro and in vivo, which succeed in preventing the generation of new blood vessel networks; that is the mechanism of the synergistic effect against tumors induced by FDMP NPs.
Research on Mechanism of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Activating Endoplasmic Reticulum and Prompting Apoptosis of Liver Cells Through Mediation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α/Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNF-α/TNFR1) Pathway
Authors: Zhou Liyang , He Qin , Yang Xiaoàn , Zheng Shuo , Ou Xueting
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to assess mechanism of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO-NPs) in activating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and prompting apoptosis of liver cells through mediating the TNF-α/TNFR1 pathway. The SPIO-NPs were prepared and identified, and
HegG2 cells were cultivated in vitro, and their apoptosis was detected. The specific pathogen-free (SPF)-grade rats were divided into several groups; which included blank group, low concentration group, high concentration group and control group. The enzymatic activity of Caspase-3
in liver tissue was tested, and expressions of Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, TNF-α, p-TNFR1, IRE1α, and eIF2α were tested. The size of prepared SPIO-NPs was 7.5 nm and there was no coagulation. There was good dispersity and electric potential, and appearance
was stable. The apoptotic rate in the high concentration group was notably higher than in the other groups. There was notable inflammatory cell infiltration in the high concentration group, where quantity of apoptosis was highest. The quantity of apoptosis and fluorocyte in the high concentration
group were notably higher than in the other groups. Moreover, there were over expressions of Caspase-3, Bax, Caspase-3, p-TNFR1, IRE1α, and eIF2α in the high concentration group while the expression of TNF-α was lowest. The apoptosis of HegG2 cells was
prompted by SPIO-NPs, and quantity of apoptosis was increased with increased adopted concentration. The active expression of p-TNFR1, IRE1α, and eIF2α could be prompted to reduce the expression of TNF-α and increase the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax
for prompting the apoptosis.
The Bioactivity of Scutellariae Radix Carbonisata-Derived Carbon Dots: Antiallergic Effect
Authors: Kong Hui , Zhao Yusheng , Cao Peng , Luo Juan , Liu Yuhan , Qu Huihua , Zhang Yue , Zhao Yan
Published: January 2022

Chinese medicine is a treasure of the Chinese nation, and charcoal drugs are a class of medicine with distinctive characteristics. Scutellariae Radix Carbonisata (SRC) could be a sort of calcined herb medicate that has been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics
to treat hypersensitivities. However, to date, the function of the carbonized part and action mechanisms of SRCs have not been elucidated. In this study, novel water-soluble carbon dots (CDs, named SRC-CDs) ranging from 2 to 9 nm were observed and separated from aqueous extracts of SRC. These
SRC-CDs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM, as well as Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy, to determine particle size, morphology, chemical structure, and optical properties. Then, the in vitro
antiallergic efficacy of the SRC-CDs was studied in a C48/80-induced RBL-2H3 cell model, in which remarkable antiallergic effects were revealed. These results will provide new solution directions and technical methods for follow-up research of charcoal drugs and new understanding of potential
biomedical applications of CDs.
OxyR-Like Improves Cell Hydrogen Peroxide Tolerance by Participating in Monocyte Chemotaxis and Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulation in Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense MSR-1
Authors: Ma Yong , Guo Fangfang , Zhang Yunpeng , Sun Xiuyu , Wen Tong , Jiang Wei
Published: January 2022

The formation of magnetosomes inside magnetotactic bacteria is a complex process strictly controlled by the intracellular metabolic regulatory system. A series of transcriptional regulators are involved in the biosynthesis of the magnetosome, including OxyR-Like protein, which is indispensable
for the maturation of magnetosomes in Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense MSR-1. In this study, a new function of the OxyR-Like protein that helps cells resist reactive oxygen species (ROS) was identified. A comparison of expression profile data between wild-type MSR-1 and an oxyR-Like
defective mutant demonstrated that seven genes encoding chemotaxis proteins were down-regulated in the latter. On the contrary, the expression levels of numerous genes encoding proteins that are critical for cellular aerobic respiration were up-regulated. Thus, OxyR-Like enhanced the resistance
of cells to ROS by increasing their environmental perception and maintaining their oxidative phosphorylation at a reasonable level to avoid the excessive production of endogenous ROS. These results increase our knowledge of the OxyR-Like regulatory network and establish a relationship between
the antioxidant metabolic pathway and magnetosome biomineralization in MSR-1.
Multifunctional Nanoparticles Loaded with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors and MED1 siRNA to Inhibit Breast Cancer Progression by Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Song , Luo Zifeng , Zhou Xinke , Wang Chong , Luo Yuanwei , Yi Nian , Liao Yu Ling
Published: January 2022

Breast cancer is still threatening many people’ lives, hence novel targeted therapies are urgently required to improve the poor outcome of breast cancer patients. Herein, our study aimed to explore the potential of nanoparticles (NPs)-loaded with VEGF inhibitors and MED1 siRNA
for treatment of the disorder. PEG and MTC conjugates were synthesized by ion gelation, and equipped with VEGF inhibitor (siV) and MED1 (siD) siRNA (MT/PC/siV-D NPs). The size and morphology of the NPs were detected by TEM. Agarose gel experiment was performed to detect drug encapsulation
rate and NPs stability. Zeta potential was assessed by immunofluorescence assay and cell uptake was detected by fluorescence analysis. After cancer cells were treated with NPs or PBS, cell proliferation and invasion were evaluated with VEGF and MED1 expression was detected by Western blot
and RT-qPCR analyses. Animal model was conducted to confirm the role of NPs in tumor growth. Results showed that, the MT/PC/siV-D NPs exhibited great stability, drug encapsulation and internalization ability. The combined NPs caused decreased proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, inducing
M2 macrophages to re-polarize to M1 type with declined expression of VEGF and MED1. Moreover, the NPs remarkably alleviated breast tumor progression. The multifunctional NPs equipped with EGF inhibitors and MED1 siRNA can inhibit tumor progression by targeting TAMs and cancer cells during
breast cancer.
Therapeutic Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles on Atherosclerosis Research Model Based on Microfluidics and Determination of Injury
Authors: Pan Guozhong , Yang Shiwei , Han Xiaowan , Xie Jing , Li Chunyan , Wang Xian , Kou Lanjun
Published: January 2022

The atherosclerosis (AS) microenvironment plays an important role in pathogenicity, including blood flow and blood pressure, high cholesterol, high blood sugar, angiotensin II, tumor necrosis factor, and the like. The AS microfluidic model was established, and the fluid shear stress
and cyclic stretching were set to 5.07 Pa and 1.17 Hz to simulate normal blood flow, respectively. The effects of different biochemical environments on endothelial cells (ECs) and cardiomyocytes were analyzed. The results confirmed that different biochemical environments had significant damage
to ECs and cardiomyocytes. Subsequently, the further effect of ECs on cardiomyocytes in AS microenvironment was studied, and the results proved that ECs caused further damage to cardiomyocytes under AS biochemical factors. We used Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) to study the anti-AS efficiency.
The results showed that the addition of Pt NPs played a particular role in the AS treatment of ECs in the AS microenvironment, and the protection for myocardial cells was achieved.
Maleimide-Functionalized Liposomes for Tumor Targeting via In Situ Binding of Endogenous Albumin
Authors: Li Hanmei , Tang Chuane , Tang Qi , Yin Dan , He En , Li Mao , Tong Yuna , Zhu Yuxuan
Published: January 2022

Albumin, the most abundant protein in plasma, has been widely used in drug delivery studies. Here, we developed maleimide-functionalized liposomes (Mal-Lip) that can bind to endogenous albumin to improve the tumor targeting efficiency of liposomes. Transmission electron microscopy and
gel electrophoresis studies showed that albumin can bind to Mal-Lip due to the chemical coupling of the albumin thiol groups with the maleimide group. Both conventional liposomes and Mal-Lip showed minimal cytotoxicity within the tested range of lipid concentrations, indicating that the maleimide
functionality did not increase the toxicity of liposomes to various cells. Mal-Lip was taken up by 4T1 cells to a greater extent than conventional liposomes, and Mal-Lip accumulated in 4T1 tumors in mice more than conventional liposomes after intravenous injection. These results suggest that
the maleimide group can improve the tumor targeting efficiency of liposomes in vivo by binding to endogenous albumin in situ. However, the maleimide group also enhanced the uptake of Mal-Lip by Raw264.7 cells and shortened their time in circulation, indicating that further studies
should be performed to prevent elimination of Mal-Lip by the immune system.
Research on Mechanism of miR-214 Packaged with Lipidosome Nanoparticles on Prompting the Apoptosis of Intestinal Cancer Through Regulating p53 Pathway
Authors: Yang Fan , Fan Runjia , Gou Miaomiao , Yang Qinna , Zhang Tianlan , Dai Guanghai , Qian Niansong
Published: January 2022

Our study aimed at studying mechanism of miR-214 packaged with lipidosome nanoparticles on prompting apoptosis of intestinal cancer through regulating p53 pathway. SW480 cells were divided into blank group, empty carrier group, agonist group and group with carrier and antagonist. The
negative control group was set, and groups related to p53 pathway were set as agonist group, inhibitor group and group with antagonist and inhibitor. The effect of miR-214 packaged with lipidosome nanoparticles on proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal cancer cells and p53 pathway in intestinal
cancer cells was observed. Expression level of miR-214 in group with carrier and antagonist was lower than in other groups. The proportion of active cells in the group with carrier and antagonist started to be reduced notably from the second day. There was no notable declining tendency active
cells’ proportion from other groups. The quantity of cell apoptosis in group with carrier and antagonist was higher than in the other groups. The expression level of cleaved Caspase-3 in the group with carrier and antagonist was notably higher than in the other groups. Moreover, expression
of Bcl-2/Bax protein was reversed, while expression of p53 protein in the carrier and antagonist groups was notably higher than in the other groups. The antagonist of miR-214 packaged with lipidosome nanoparticles could target on p53 pathway. The activity of p53 pathway was reduced by miR-214,
and expression of Bcl-2 was increased. The expressions levels of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 were also reversed, and molecular mechanism was mainly related with restraining of p53 signal pathway.
Intraoperative Fluoroscopy-Assisted Localization of Small Bowel Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Pelliccio Nicholas J. , Chu Quyen D.
Published: January 2022

Intraoperative management of refractory small bowel gastrointestinal bleeding continues to present challenges to surgeons, specifically, in localizing the source of bleeding. The need for operative intervention has decreased significantly with improved percutaneous radiologic techniques for embolization with good success rates. When percutaneous treatment methods fail, the surgeon is left with a variety of suboptimal options for localization if the pathologic source is not obvious on external inspection of the small bowel. This report describes a novel method for localizing small bowel gastrointestinal bleeding in those patients who have had previous coil embolization attempts at controlling small bowel gastrointestinal bleeding.
Representation of Race and Ethnicity in Counseling and Counseling Psychology Journals
Authors: Hawkins Jared M. , Bean Roy A. , Smith Timothy B. , Sandberg Jonathan G.
Published: January 2022

Literature reviews have concluded that People of Color are underrepresented in psychological literature; however, the fields of counseling and counseling psychology have taken a clear affirmative stance with respect to human diversity. This study sought to evaluate the representation of People of Color in four key journals across the 2000–2019 timespan: The Counseling Psychologist, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Journal of Counseling & Development, and Counselling Psychology Quarterly. Journal articles were coded for variables including focus on racial/ethnic minority (REM) groups and article content topics. Results indicated that 26.3% of the articles were coded as REM-focused (3.8% focused on African Americans, 4.1% on Asian Americans, 3.1% on Latinxs, and 0.7% on Native Americans). The need for additional research is especially notable in the case of Latinxs (the least represented REM group relative to United States Census estimates) and for several multicultural topics that remain underrepresented in the literature.
Endoscopic findings of dental implant found in the infundibulum showing the mucociliary clearance of the maxillary sinus
Authors: Lee HyunJun , Kim Jong Seung
Published: January 2022

Significance statement: A 53-year-old man with left facial pain was referred to our hospital. Nasal endoscopy revealed a purulent discharge at the left middle meatus and bulging of the uncinate process. Computed tomography demonstrated that the dental implant was blocking the left maxillary ostium. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed under general anesthesia. After removal of the uncinate process, a yellowish purulent discharge in the left maxillary sinus discharged from the maxillary sinus. The presence of the dental implant in the infundibulum shows the direction of mucociliary clearance from the nasal sinus. This case indicates how our sinus clears a foreign body, and the direction in which the foreign body is removed.
Experimental investigations on nucleate pool boiling over micro-finned cylindrical surfaces
Authors: Shah Balkrushna , Shah Kathit , Patel Parth , Lakhera Vikas J
Published: January 2022

The nucleate pool boiling heat transfer over micro-finned cylindrical surfaces has application in the heat exchangers used in thermal power plants and chemical industries. The estimation of boiling heat transfer coefficient is an important parameter in the design of two-phase heat exchangers using micro-finned cylindrical surfaces. In the present work, related experimental investigations on four micro-finned cylindrical surfaces with different surface geometry using refrigerant R-141b at atmospheric pressure are conducted to determine the boiling heat transfer coefficient over micro-finned cylindrical surfaces. A correlation is developed by dimensional analysis wherein the effects of geometrical parameters, operating pressure and thermo-physical properties of fluids are taken into consideration and dimensional analysis conducted using Buckingham π-theorem. The correlation developed utilizes experimental data obtained over the present study as well as from previous studies by various researchers including experimental data for water over different micro-finned cylindrical surfaces at 1 bar by Mehta and Kandlikar, experimental data for R123 at 0.97 bar by Saidi et al. and experimental data for R134a over micro-finned cylindrical surface at 6.1 bar, 8.1 bar, 10.1 bar and 12.2 bar by Rocha et al. The heat flux ranging from 5 to 1100 kW/m2 are considered for the analysis. The data points have been compared with the proposed correlation and the absolute average deviation of the whole data set was obtained as 13.43% with root mean square deviation of 0.0273. All the predicted values were within ±15% of the experimental values of the boiling heat transfer coefficient.
Research on mathematical modeling of the servo valve torque motor considering the variation of working air-gaps leakage flux
Authors: Meng Lingkang , Zhu Yuchuan , Ling Jie , Ding Jianjun , Chen Zhichuang , Chen Xiaoming
Published: January 2022

In the current research of the magnetic circuit model of the servo valve torque motor, the magnetic flux leaking from working air-gaps is regarded as constant. However, the working air-gaps leakage flux varies with the armature rotation angle, which affects the accuracy of the existing mathematical model of the torque motor. To solve this problem, a new mathematical model of the torque motor with two working air-gaps is built. First, different from the previous model, the variation of the working air-gaps leakage flux is considered in the magnetic circuit model. A more detailed mathematical model of the torque motor is established based on the magnetic circuit model. Second, the finite element method is used to reveal that there is a linear relationship between working air-gaps leakage flux and armature rotation angle in a certain range of rotation angles. Then, the new model is validated by numerical calculation, which indicates that the theoretical results calculated by this new model show better agreement with the simulation results compared to the previous model when the armature rotation angle increases. Further, the theoretical results of the electromagnetic torque constant and magnetic spring stiffness acquired by the new model and the previous model are compared. The comparison shows that the variation of the working air-gaps leakage flux has the greatest influence on the magnetic spring stiffness. Finally, the experiments on the torque motor are conducted to verify the accuracy of the new model. The theoretical results obtained by this new model are better consistent with the experimental results than that obtained by the previous model. This study shows that considering the variation of working air-gaps leakage flux is valuable to improve the accuracy of the magnetic circuit model of the torque motor, which provides an effective guidance for the structural optimization and performance prediction of the torque motor.
The Alignment Between Community Policing and the Work of School Resource Officers
Authors: Fisher Benjamin W. , McKenna Joseph , Higgins Ethan M. , Maguire Edward R. , Homer Emily M.
Published: January 2022

Despite a growing literature showing the ineffectiveness of school resource officers (SROs) for reducing school crime, their use is widespread. Some of this ineffectiveness may arise from SROs’ experiences of role conflict due to their multi-faceted roles and conflicting expectations associated with following two authority structures. Community policing (CP) may offer a unifying perspective that can address some of these barriers. The current study uses data from 119 qualitative interviews with SROs from three U.S. states to examine the extent to which SROs’ activities align with three dimensions of CP: community partnerships, problem-solving, and organizational adaptation. This study finds that SROs’ described activities align well with these dimensions, suggesting that a CP framework may be a strong model for organizing and describing the work of SROs. This framework can be viewed as an initial proof of concept, and research may elaborate on the framework and assess its utility.
Acquisition versus greenfield in Colombia: Reviewing the effect of cultural distance and vicarious experience
Authors: Martínez-Avella Mario , Alarcón-León Ángela , Hernández-Salazar Giovanni
Published: January 2022

The relation between the cultural distance and the firm’s entry modes to foreign countries has received considerable research attention, and studies have shown the role of experience in this relation. However, previous research has only studied direct experience and neglected the study of vicarious experience. Using a sample of 355 foreign companies that entered Colombia (2007–2017), this research reviews the effect of cultural distance on entry mode choice (e.g., Acquisition vs. Greenfield) and examines the moderating role of vicarious experience in this relationship. The study concludes that the cultural distance positively affects the entry probability by acquisition, and the vicarious experience negatively affects this relationship in four cultural dimensions. If firms have vicarious experience, the effect of cultural distance on the acquisition probability is less and positively influences the entry probability by Greenfield when the cultural distance is in power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and long-term orientation. Nevertheless, vicarious experience has the opposite effect when considering the masculinity dimension. Consequently, we highlight the importance of considering vicarious experience as a different variable of direct experience and the individual effects of cultural distance dimensions for cross-cultural studies in management.
Clopidogrel resistance is common in patients undergoing vascular and coronary interventions
Authors: Berenson Adam M , Hawken Thomas N , Fort Daniel G , Money Samuel R , Ramee Stephen R , Sternbergh Waldemar Charles , Bazan Hernan A
Published: January 2022

Objectives

“Clopidogrel resistance,” also defined as heightened platelet reactivity (HPR) while on clopidogrel therapy, may lead to a sub-optimal antiplatelet effect and a potential thrombotic event. There is limited literature addressing the prevalence of HPR in a large cohort of patients receiving either coronary or endovascular interventions.

Methods

In a large integrated healthcare system, patients with a P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) test were identified. HPR was defined as a PRU ≥ 200 during clopidogrel therapy. Vascular and coronary interventions were identified utilizing CPT codes, HPR prevalence was calculated, and Fischer’s exact test was used to determine significance.

Results

From an initial cohort of 2,405,957 patients (October 2014 to January 2020), we identified 3301 patients with PRU tests administered. Of these, 1789 tests had a PRU ≥ 200 (HPR overall prevalence, 54%). We then identified 1195 patients who underwent either an endovascular or coronary procedure and had a PRU measurement. This corresponded to 935 coronary and 260 endovascular interventions. In the coronary cohort, the HPR prevalence was 54% (503/935). In the vascular cohort, the HPR prevalence was 53% (137/260); there was no difference between cohorts in HPR prevalence ( p = 0.78).

Conclusion

“Clopidogrel resistance” or HPR was found to be present in nearly half of patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing intervention. Our data suggest HPR is more common in the cardiovascular patient population than previously appreciated. Evaluating patients for HPR is both inexpensive ($25) and rapid (< 10 min). Future randomized studies are warranted to determine whether HPR has a clinically detectable effect on revascularization outcomes.
Epidemiology of Traumatic Posterior Hip Instability in the National Football League
Authors: Ackermann Jakob , Saxena Vishal , Whalen Jim , Mack Christina D. , Herzog Mackenzie , Probst Jessica R. , Price Mark D.
Published: January 2022

Background:

There is a paucity of literature regarding injury incidence, mechanism, and return to play in National Football League (NFL) players who have sustained traumatic posterior hip instability.

Purpose:

To describe the incidence of traumatic posterior hip instability and the rate of return to play in NFL players across 18 seasons.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

We retrospectively assessed all traumatic posterior hip dislocations/subluxations that occurred during football-related activities in the NFL seasons from 2000 through 2017. Player demographics and injury data (injury mechanism, season of injury, treatment, days missed, and return to play time) were collected from all 32 NFL teams prospectively through a leaguewide electronic health record system. Descriptive statistics are presented.

Results:

Across the 18 NFL seasons, 16 posterior hip instability injuries in 14 players were reported, with a maximum incidence of 4 (25%) in 2013. Posterior hip instability was predominantly sustained by offensive players (64.3%), with tight ends being the most affected (31.3%). Half of the injuries occurred during the regular season, 43.8% in the preseason, and 6.2% in the offseason. Of all injuries, 37.5% were noncontact, while 56.3% involved contact (direct or indirect), and 6.2% were of unknown mechanism. Among noncontact injuries, 66.7% occurred during cutting and change of direction while sprinting. The time of return to full participation was documented for 11 of the 16 reported injuries (68.8%); among them, the mean time loss was 136.7 ± 83.8 days—143.3 ± 99.6 days if the player underwent surgery (n = 4) and 116.7 ± 76.2 days missed by players without surgery (n = 6)—the treatment modality was unknown in 1 player.

Conclusion:

Although the incidence of traumatic posterior hip instability during the study period was low, all injured athletes missed time from football activities and competitions. Injuries that required surgery led to more missed time than those that did not. Ongoing research to understand risk factors and mechanisms of this injury, in conjunction with improvements to prevention and rehabilitation protocols, is necessary to ensure the safety of professional American football players.