bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Privacy Fallacy
Authors: Cofone Ignacio
Published: November 2023

Our privacy is besieged by tech companies. Companies can do this because our laws are built on outdated ideas that trap lawmakers, regulators, and courts into wrong assumptions about privacy, resulting in ineffective legal remedies to one of the most pressing concerns of our generation. Drawing on behavioral science, sociology, and economics, Ignacio Cofone challenges existing laws and reform proposals and dispels enduring misconceptions about data-driven interactions. This exploration offers readers a holistic view of why current laws and regulations fail to protect us against corporate digital harms, particularly those created by AI. Cofone then proposes a better response: meaningful accountability for the consequences of corporate data practices, which ultimately entails creating a new type of liability that recognizes the value of privacy.
Applying the standardized infection ratio for reporting surgical site infections in Australian healthcare facilities
Authors: Tanamas Stephanie K. , Lim Lyn-Li , Bull Ann L. , Malloy Michael J. , Cheng Allen C. , Worth Leon J.
Published: November 2023

Objective:

We explored the utility of the standardized infection ratio (SIR) for surgical site infection (SSI) reporting in an Australian jurisdiction.

Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Setting:

Statewide SSI surveillance data from 2013 to 2019.

Patients:

Individuals who had cardiac bypass surgery (CABG), colorectal surgery (COLO), cesarean section (CSEC), hip prosthesis (HPRO), or knee prosthesis (KPRO) procedures.

Methods:

The SIR was calculated by dividing the number of observed infections by the number of predicted infections as determined using the National Healthcare Safety Network procedure-specific risk models. In line with a minimum precision criterion, an SIR was not calculated if the number of predicted infections was <1.

Results:

A SIR >0 (≥1 observed SSI, predicted number of SSI ≥1, no missing covariates) could be calculated for a median of 89.3% of reporting quarters for CABG, 75.0% for COLO, 69.0% for CSEC, 0% for HPRO, and 7.1% for KPRO. In total, 80.6% of the reporting quarters, when the SIR was not calculated, were due to no observed infections or predicted infections <1, and 19.4% were due to missing covariates alone. Within hospitals, the median percentage of quarters during which zero infections were observed was 8.9% for CABG, 20.0% for COLO, 25.4% for CSEC, 67.3% for HPRO, and 71.4% for KPRO.

Conclusions:

Calculating an SIR for SSIs is challenging for hospitals in our regional network, primarily because of low event numbers and many facilities with predicted infections <1. Our SSI reporting will continue to use risk-indexed rates, in tandem with SIR values when predicted number of SSI ≥1.
Online Echo Chambers, Online Epistemic Bubbles, and Open-Mindedness
Authors: Turner Cody
Published: November 2023

This article is an exercise in the virtue epistemology of the internet, an area of applied virtue epistemology that investigates how online environments impact the development of intellectual virtues, and how intellectual virtues manifest within online environments. I examine online echo chambers and epistemic bubbles (Nguyen 2020, Episteme17(2), 141–61), exploring the conceptual relationship between these online environments and the virtue of open-mindedness (Battaly 2018b, Episteme15(3), 261–82). The article answers two key individual-level, virtue epistemic questions: (Q1) How does immersion in online echo chambers and epistemic bubbles affect the cultivation and preservation of open-mindedness, and (Q2) Is it always intellectually virtuous to exhibit open-mindedness in the context of online echo chambers and epistemic bubbles? In response to Q1, I contend that both online echo chambers and online epistemic bubbles threaten to undermine the cultivation and preservation of open-mindedness, albeit via different mechanisms and to different degrees. In response to Q2, I affirm that both a deficiency and excess of open-mindedness can be virtuous in these online environments, depending on the epistemic orientation of the digital user.
How to Define (or Not to Define) the New History of Capitalism
Authors: Murphy Sharon Ann
Published: November 2023

Lindsay Schakenbach Regele’s essay “A Brief History of the History of Capitalism, and a New American Variety” attempts to provide more structure to the field known as the new history of capitalism (NHOC) by defining martial capitalism as a new variant. In contrast, this essay asserts that the lack of definitional precision within the NHOC is not a bug, but rather one of its key features. To define capitalism would be to delimit where it was and was not present historically. If part of the argument of the NHOC is that capitalism pervaded—indeed infected—all aspects of American life, then defining the term would be self-defeating. In the end, martial capitalism suffers from the same shortcomings of the NHOC more generally, in that it places all “warlike activities” of the state under the undefined umbrella of something vaguely called “capitalism.”
Jet from a very large, axisymmetric, surface-gravity wave
Authors: Kayal Lohit , Dasgupta Ratul
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate that gravity acting alone at large length scales (compared to the capillary length) can produce a jet from a sufficiently steep, axisymmetric surface deformation imposed on a quiescent, deep pool of liquid. Mechanistically, the jet owes it origin to the focusing of a concentric, surface wave towards the axis of symmetry, quite analogous to such focusing of capillary waves and resultant jet formation observed during bubble collapse at small scales. A weakly nonlinear theory based on the method of multiple scales in the potential flow limit is presented for a modal (single-mode) initial condition representing the solution to the primary Cauchy–Poisson problem. A pair of novel, coupled, amplitude equations are derived governing the modulation of the primary mode. For moderate values of the perturbation parameter

$\epsilon$

(a measure of the initial perturbation steepness), our second-order theory captures the overshoot (incipient jet) at the axis of symmetry quite well, demonstrating good agreement with numerical simulation of the incompressible, Euler equation with gravity (Popinet 2014, Basilisk. http://basilisk.fr) and no surface tension. We demonstrate that the underlying wave focusing mechanism may be understood in terms of radially inward motion of nodal points of a linearised, axisymmetric, standing wave. This explanation rationalises the ubiquitous observation of such jets accompanying cavity collapse phenomena, spanning length scales from microns to several metres. Expectedly, our theory becomes inaccurate as

$\epsilon$

approaches unity. In this strongly nonlinear regime, slender jets form with surface accelerations exceeding gravity by more than an order of magnitude. In this inertial regime, we compare the jets in our simulations with the inertial, self-similar, analytical solution by Longuet-Higgins (J. Fluid Mech., 1983, vol. 127, pp. 103–121) and find qualitative agreement with the same. This analysis demonstrates, from first principles, an example of a jet created purely under gravity from a smooth initial perturbation and provides support to the analytical model of Longuet-Higgins (J. Fluid Mech., 1983, vol. 127, pp. 103–121).
A POD-mode-augmented wall model and its applications to flows at non-equilibrium conditions
Authors: Hansen Christoffer , Yang Xiang I.A. , Abkar Mahdi
Published: November 2023

Insights gained from modal analysis are invoked for predictive large-eddy simulation (LES) wall modelling. Specifically, we augment the law of the wall (LoW) by an additional mode based on a one-dimensional proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) applied to a two-dimensional turbulent channel. The constructed wall model contains two modes, i.e. the LoW-based mode and the POD-based mode, and the model matches with the LES at two, instead of one, off-wall locations. To show that the proposed model captures non-equilibrium effects, we perform a priori and a posteriori tests in the context of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium flows. The a priori tests show that the proposed wall model captures extreme wall-shear stress events better than the equilibrium wall model. The model also captures non-equilibrium effects due to adverse pressure gradients. The a posteriori tests show that the wall model captures the rapid decrease and the initial decrease of the streamwise wall-shear stress in channels subjected to suddenly imposed adverse and transverse pressure gradients, respectively, both of which are missed by currently available wall models. These results show promise in applying modal analysis for turbulence wall modelling. In particular, the results show that employing multiple modes helps in the modelling of non-equilibrium flows.
Wave statistics and energy dissipation of shallow-water breaking waves in a tank with a level bottom
Authors: Liu Shuo , Wang Hui , Bayeul-Lainé Annie-Claude , Li Cheng , Katz Joseph , Coutier-Delgosha Olivier
Published: November 2023

The present study focuses on two-dimensional direct numerical simulations of shallow-water breaking waves, specifically those generated by a wave plate at constant water depths. The primary objective is to quantitatively analyse the dynamics, kinematics and energy dissipation associated with wave breaking. The numerical results exhibit good agreement with experimental data in terms of free-surface profiles during wave breaking. A parametric study was conducted to examine the influence of various wave properties and initial conditions on breaking characteristics. According to research on the Bond number (

$Bo$

, the ratio of gravitational to surface tension forces), an increased surface tension leads to the formation of more prominent parasitic capillaries at the forwards face of the wave profile and a thicker plunging jet, which causes a delayed breaking time and is tightly correlated with the main cavity size. A close relationship between wave statistics and the initial conditions of the wave plate is discovered, allowing for the classification of breaker types based on the ratio of wave height to water depth,

$H/d$

. Moreover, an analysis based on inertial scaling arguments reveals that the energy dissipation rate due to breaking can be linked to the local geometry of the breaking crest

$H_b/d$

, and exhibits a threshold behaviour, where the energy dissipation approaches zero at a critical value of

$H_b/d$

. An empirical scaling of the breaking parameter is proposed as

$b = a(H_b/d - \chi _0)^n$

, where

$\chi _0 = 0.65$

represents the breaking threshold and

$n = 1.5$

is a power law determined through the best fit to the numerical results.
The conceptual nature of the Turkish emotion term ‘Heyecan’
Authors: Baş Melike
Published: November 2023

This study aims at investigating the Turkish emotion concept heyecan (i.e., thrill, excitement, and nervousness), which can be used with different semantic contents depending on the context. The conceptual metaphor theory frames this analysis to reveal the metaphorical and metonymical conceptualizations of heyecan. For this purpose, the lemma heyecan is searched in the Turkish National Corpus, and 700 concordance lines gathered from the corpus are examined through the metaphor identification procedure to identify the source domains and interpret the conceptual coding. The findings reveal a folk model of heyecan in which several metaphors and metonymies characterize different dimensions of it: arousal–existence–disappearance, intensity–passivity, control, cause–effect, and individual–social. Qualitative and quantitative findings embody various linguistic metaphors that can be grouped under several source domain categories including substance in a container, location, and object as the most frequent ones, whereas physiological effect is the most frequent metonymy. The metaphors and metonymies are discussed with their examples in this study. The concordance lines show several emotion terms that heyecan is collocated with, among which the emotion families of ‘fear’ and ‘happiness’ outnumber the rest. This study demonstrates how corpus data are helpful in pinpointing the conceptual content of an emotion term in a coherent way.
Negotiating regime complexity: Following a regime complex in the making
Authors: Langlet Arne , Vadrot Alice
Published: November 2023

This article broadens the understanding and empirical study of regime complexes by shifting the focus from the negotiation outcome to the processes of negotiating new international agreements. Although they are important to regime-complex formation and delimitation, the sites where states negotiate new agreements are rather neglected. We aim to enhance the methodological toolbox available to scholars studying global governance in two ways: (1) by demonstrating how dynamic relationships between states and international organisations (IOs) unfolding within the social space of international treaty negotiations contribute to regime-complex formation; and (2) how social network analysis (SNA) can help us to detect patterns in these relationships. Combining participant observation and collaborative event ethnography (CEE) with social network analysis, we present new empirical material illustrating how we delimited a regime complex and how IOs interact throughout the negotiation process. We applied our methodology to the case of marine-biodiversity governance and use observational data collected during three intergovernmental conferences (IGCs) (2018–19) on a new treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) for our analysis. We discuss the results in relation to our approach’s strengths and weaknesses and implications for future research on regime complexity.
Left ventricle hypertrophy and re-modeling in children with essential hypertension: does the race matter?
Authors: Takajo Daiji , Przybycien Thomas S. , Balakrishnan Preetha L. , Natarajan Girija , Singh Gautam K. , Aggarwal Sanjeev
Published: November 2023

Background:

This is the first study to report on the impact of race on differences in the prevalence of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular adaptation at the time of diagnosis of essential hypertension in children.

Methods:

This cross-sectional, single-centre study included patients aged 3–18 years who had newly diagnosed essential hypertension. Echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular mass index and left ventricular relative wall thickness. An left ventricular mass index > the 95th percentile for age and gender, and an left ventricular relative wall thickness > 0.42, were used to diagnose left ventricular hypertrophy and concentric adaptation. Various echocardiographic parameters were compared between African Americans and Caucasians.

Results:

The study included 422 patients (289 African Americans and 133 Caucasians) diagnosed with essential hypertension at a median age of 14.6 (interquartile range; 12.1–16.3) years. Eighty-eight patients (20.9%) had left ventricular hypertrophy. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy between African Americans and Caucasians (22.5% versus 17.3%, p=0.22). The median left ventricular relative wall thickness was 0.35 (0.29–0.43), and 114 patients (27.0%) had an left ventricular relative wall thickness > 0.42. The presence of an left ventricular relative wall thickness > 0.42 was significantly higher among African Americans compared to Caucasians (30.1% versus 20.3%, p = 0.04). The African American race was a strong predictor for an left ventricular relative wall thickness > 0.42 (odds ratio 1.7, p = 0.04), but not for left ventricular mass index > the 95th percentile (p = 0.22). Overweight/obesity was a strong predictor for an left ventricular mass index > the 95th percentile.

Conclusions:

There was no difference in the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in children with essential hypertension of different races. Obesity, rather than being African American, is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.
A Phenomenological Approach to Wearable Technologies and Viscerality: From embodied interaction to biophysical music performance
Authors: Giomi Andrea
Published: November 2023

During the past decade, embodied knowledge has provided novel important insights to rethink mediation technology, thereby paving the way for a transdisciplinary approach to wearable technologies. Stemming from a phenomenological-based approach and considering current trends in sonic interaction design, this article proposes an extensive account on embodied approaches to mediation technology and underlines the increasing importance of somatic knowledge within the field. It also presents an autoethnographic analysis of my own performance, which provides an original contribution to the artistic application of wearable technologies. Stemming from an ongoing research-creation on musical improvisation with biophysical technologies, the case study emphasises how an embodied and visceral approach to interaction can transform wearable devices into an active sensory-perceptual mode of experiencing, which is capable of stimulating the performer’s sensorimotor metaplasticity. The reconfiguration of a body’s automations through the use of sound feedback is a process that unfolds with a high degree of sensitivity in which the body can be poetically understood as an emergent territoriality, inhabited and transfigured by the sound.
Income tax reductions in production networks
Authors: Fu Chunyang , Wang Bin
Published: November 2023

We analytically characterize the comparative statics of the macroeconomy after income tax reductions in which production is organized in networks around the inefficient economy. We contribute to the literature by showing that in production networks, income taxes have different effects from revenue taxes which are assumed to be real distortions in the literature. The sectoral income tax reductions’ first-order effect on the GDP is given by a sufficient statistics: the product of the sectoral labor demand elasticity and sectoral Domar weight minus the sectoral labor share in the total labor supply, the latter of which is adjusted for labor supply elasticity if labor is elastic. We apply this model to quantify the effects of income tax reductions during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA.
Monetary policy and economic fluctuations
Authors: Dery Cosmas , Serletis Apostolos
Published: November 2023

We assess the responses of output and inflation to monetary policy shocks in the context of a Bayesian, monetary structural vector autoregressive model. We allow money supply and leverage measures to enter into the interest rate policy rule and use an identification approach that is by construction devoid of any price puzzles. We provide a comprehensive comparison between monetary policy shocks under a policy regime that follows a standard Taylor rule and those that augment the standard reaction function of the central bank with measures of leverage and the money supply. We find that contractionary monetary policy is more pronounced and persistent when the reaction function of the central bank is augmented with measures of money and leverage than when the reaction function follows a typical Taylor rule. Our results support the use and inclusion of monetary aggregates in monetary policy and business cycle analysis.
“A Much More Valuable Signature”: Gender, Factory Labor, and the Mythology of Builder-Signed Amplifiers from Fender's “Tweed” Era, 1948–60
Authors: Broess Erik
Published: November 2023

Amplifiers from Fender's so-called Tweed era (1948–60) are among the most valuable instruments in all popular music. Inside most Fender Tweed amplifiers is a piece of masking tape bearing the signature of the worker who hand-wired the amplifier's circuit. Today, collectors have elevated several of Fender's previously unknown Latina employees into legendary figures with near cultlike followings. In the absence of biographical information about these women, however, the contemporary discourse about them is often highly romanticized. In this article, I present novel historical information about Fender's Tweed-era employees to counter the misinformation surrounding them and Fender's mid-century Fullerton, California factory system more broadly. Analyzing contemporary discourses surrounding Fender's earliest employees, I also critique the persistence of gendered and racialized stereotypes about Fender's female employees being naturally equipped for labor-intensive assembly work due to their supposedly “nimble fingers.” This article also details the social processes through which Fender's Tweed amplifiers have been made “vintage,” and the company's mid-century mass-production techniques have since been attributed the same artisanal values associated with vintage string instrument making. Ultimately, I show how the builder-signatures contained within Fender's Tweed-era amplifiers have been central to the discursive production of value among collectors.
Synergistic antitumor efficacy of aspirin plus lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating of diverse signaling pathways
Authors: Yan Xijing , Yu Haoyuan , Liang Jinliang , Hu Zhongying , Li Xuejiao , Liu Huanyi , Yao Jia , Sui Xin , Zheng Jun , Li Rong
Published: November 2023

It has been established that monotherapy yields limited efficacy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially advanced HCC. Increasing evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials indicates that combining multiple drugs can potentially refine treatment efficacy. Accordingly, it is crucial to explore more effective clinically feasible combination therapies to enhance the treatment outcomes of HCC patients. This study evaluated the antitumor efficacy and safety of combination therapy involving aspirin and lenvatinib in HCC. Through in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that this combination yielded stronger antitumor effects compared to lenvatinib or aspirin monotherapy. Furthermore, no significant adverse events were observed in an HCC mouse model during treatment. Mechanistic studies revealed that aspirin plus lenvatinib could target multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressors, affecting diverse signaling pathways in various biological processes conducive to antitumor effects. Overall, our findings suggest that aspirin plus lenvatinib could serve as a promising combination regimen to improve the therapeutic outcomes of HCC.
Anisotropic positive linear and sub-linear magnetoresistivity in the cubic type-II Dirac metal Pd3In7
Authors: Flessa Savvidou Aikaterini , Ptok Andrzej , Sharma G. , Casas Brian , Clark Judith K. , Li Victoria M. , Shatruk Michael , Tewari Sumanta , Balicas Luis
Published: November 2023

We report a transport study on Pd3In7 which displays multiple Dirac type-II nodes in its electronic dispersion. Pd3In7 is characterized by low residual resistivities and high mobilities, which are consistent with Dirac-like quasiparticles. For an applied magnetic field (μ0H) having a non-zero component along the electrical current, we find a large, positive, and linear in μ0H longitudinal magnetoresistivity (LMR). The sign of the LMR and its linear dependence deviate from the behavior reported for the chiral-anomaly-driven LMR in Weyl semimetals. Interestingly, such anomalous LMR is consistent with predictions for the role of the anomaly in type-II Weyl semimetals. In contrast, the transverse or conventional magnetoresistivity (CMR for electric fields E⊥μ0H) is large and positive, increasing by 103−104 % as a function of μ0H while following an anomalous, angle-dependent power law $${\rho }_{{{{\rm{xx}}}}}\propto {({\mu }_{0}H)}^{n}$$

ρ

xx

∝

(

μ

0

H

)

n

with n(θ) ≤ 1. The order of magnitude of the CMR, and its anomalous power-law, is explained in terms of uncompensated electron and hole-like Fermi surfaces characterized by anisotropic carrier scattering likely due to the lack of Lorentz invariance.
Generation of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Tao Yunlong , Li Xueyan , Dong Qiping , Kong Linghai , Petersen Andrew J. , Yan Yuanwei , Xu Ke , Zima Seth , Li Yanru , Schmidt Danielle K. , Ayala Melvin , Mathivanan Sakthikumar , Sousa Andre M. M. , Chang Qiang , Zhang Su-Chun
Published: November 2023

Central norepinephrine (NE) neurons, located mainly in the locus coeruleus (LC), are implicated in diverse psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and are an emerging target for drug discovery. To facilitate their study, we developed a method to generate 40–60% human LC-NE neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. The approach depends on our identification of ACTIVIN A in regulating LC-NE transcription factors in dorsal rhombomere 1 (r1) progenitors. In vitro generated human LC-NE neurons display extensive axonal arborization; release and uptake NE; and exhibit pacemaker activity, calcium oscillation and chemoreceptor activity in response to CO2. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis at multiple timepoints confirmed NE cell identity and revealed the differentiation trajectory from hindbrain progenitors to NE neurons via an ASCL1-expressing precursor stage. LC-NE neurons engineered with an NE sensor reliably reported extracellular levels of NE. The availability of functional human LC-NE neurons enables investigation of their roles in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and provides a tool for therapeutics development.
Primate-specific ZNF808 is essential for pancreatic development in humans
Authors: De Franco Elisa , Owens Nick D. L. , Montaser Hossam , Wakeling Matthew N. , Saarimäki-Vire Jonna , Triantou Athina , Ibrahim Hazem , Balboa Diego , Caswell Richard C. , Jennings Rachel E. , Kvist Jouni A. , Johnson Matthew B. , Muralidharan Sachin , Ellard Sian , Wright Caroline F. , Maddirevula Sateesh , Alkuraya Fowzan S. ,   Pancreatic Agenesis Gene Discovery Consortium, Laimon Wafaa , Hassan Samar S. , Abdullah Mohamed A. , Fritzberg Anders , Wakeling Emma , Nathwani Nisha , Elbarbary Nancy , Osman Amani , Alkandari Hessa , alTararwa Abeer , Habeb Abdelhadi , Al-Agha Abdulmoein Eid , Ahmad Ihab Abdulhamed , Aldulaimi Majida Noori Nasaif , Ustyol Ala , Binomar Hiba Mohammed Amin , Shagrani Mohammad , Hanley Neil A. , Flanagan Sarah E. , Otonkoski Timo , Hattersley Andrew T. , Imbeault Michael
Published: November 2023

Identifying genes linked to extreme phenotypes in humans has the potential to highlight biological processes not shared with all other mammals. Here, we report the identification of homozygous loss-of-function variants in the primate-specific gene ZNF808 as a cause of pancreatic agenesis. ZNF808 is a member of the KRAB zinc finger protein family, a large and rapidly evolving group of epigenetic silencers which target transposable elements. We show that loss of ZNF808 in vitro results in aberrant activation of regulatory potential contained in the primate-specific transposable elements it represses during early pancreas development. This leads to inappropriate specification of cell fate with induction of genes associated with liver identity. Our results highlight the essential role of ZNF808 in pancreatic development in humans and the contribution of primate-specific regions of the human genome to congenital developmental disease.
Functional improvement of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty compared with total knee arthroplasty for subchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee
Authors: Suh Dae Keun , Park Jun-Gu , Kim Jaejoong , Suh Dong Won , Han Seung-Beom
Published: November 2023

Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee (SIFK) causes acute knee pain in adults and often requires surgical management. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are the two most common surgical treatments for SIFK. While both UKA and TKA have their advantages, there is no consensus for SIFK localized on the medial compartment. We hypothesized that patients with SIFK treated with UKA would show superior patient-reported outcomes compared to those who underwent TKA. A total of 90 patients with SIFK located medially were included in the TKA (n = 45) and UKA (n = 45) groups. Size of SIFK lesions were measured on MR images. Patient reported outcomes in the form of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Hospital Special Surgery (HSS) scores, and Knee Society Scores (KSS) were assessed preoperatively, postoperative 6, 12 months, and at the final follow-up. There were no differences in the size of the SIFK lesion between two groups. At 6 months, WOMAC score was better in the UKA group than the TKA group (p < .01). Both groups had a significant improvement in WOMAC, HSS, and KSS scores at the final follow-up compared to preoperative scores. The UKA group had better range of motion of the knee preoperatively and postoperatively than the TKA group (p < .01 and p < .01). UKA group showed a higher relative risk than the TKA group in terms of complications (RR = 3.0) but with no statistical significance (P = 0.31). Unicompartmental arthroplasty and total joint arthroplasty can produce successful outcomes in patients with SIFK with proper patient selection, regardless of the size of SIFK lesion.
Identification of mental disorders in South Africa using complex probabilistic hesitant fuzzy N-soft aggregation information
Authors: Ashraf Shahzaib , Kousar Muneeba , Chambashi Gilbert
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to address the challenges faced by medical professionals in identifying mental disorders. These mental health issues are an increasing public health concern, and middle-income nations like South Africa are negatively impacted. Mental health issues pose a substantial public health concern in South Africa, putting forth extensive impacts on both individuals and society broadly. Insufficient funding for mental health remains the greatest barrier in this country. In order to meet the diverse and complex requirements of patients effective decision making in the treatment of mental disorders is crucial. For this purpose, we introduced the novel concept of the complex probabilistic hesitant fuzzy N-soft set (CPHFNSS) for modeling the unpredictability and uncertainty effectively. Our approach improves the precision with which certain traits connected to different types of mental conditions are recognized by using the competence of experts. We developed the fundamental operations (like extended and restricted intersection, extended and restricted union, weak, top, and bottom weak complements) with examples. We also developed the aggregation operators and their many features, along with their proofs and theorems, for CPHFNSS. By implementing these operators in the aggregation process, one could choose a combination of characteristics. Further, we introduced the novel score function, which is used to determine the optimal choice among them. In addition, we created an algorithm with numerical illustrations for decision making in which physicians employ CPHFNS data to diagnose a specific condition. Finally, comparative analyses confirm the practicability and efficacy of the technique that arises from the model developed in this paper.
Cephalometric landmark detection without X-rays combining coordinate regression and heatmap regression
Authors: Takahashi Kaisei , Shimamura Yui , Tachiki Chie , Nishii Yasushi , Hagiwara Masafumi
Published: November 2023

Fully automated techniques using convolutional neural networks for cephalometric landmark detection have recently advanced. However, all existing studies have adopted X-rays. The problem of direct exposure of patients to X-ray radiation remains unsolved. We propose a model for detecting cephalometric landmarks using only facial profile images without X-rays. First, the model estimates the landmark coordinates using the features of facial profile images through high-resolution representation learning. Second, considering the spatial relationship of the landmarks, the model refines the estimated coordinates. The estimated coordinates are input into fully connected networks to improve the accuracy. During the experiment, a total of 2000 facial profile images collected from 2000 female patients were used. Experiments results suggested that the proposed method may perform at a level equal to or potentially better than existing methods using cephalograms. We obtained an MRE of 0.61 mm for the test data and a mean detection rate of 98.20% within 2 mm. Our proposed two-stage learning method enables a highly accurate estimation of the landmark positions using only facial profile images. The results indicate that X-rays may not be required when detecting cephalometric landmarks.
Inactivation of human coronaviruses using an automated room disinfection device
Authors: Lundquist Nicholas A. , Kifelew Legesse G. , Elmas Sait , Jia Zhongfan , Speck Peter G. , Chalker Justin M.
Published: November 2023

The emergence of more virulent and epidemic strains of viruses, especially in the context of COVID-19, makes it more important than ever to improve methods of decontamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of on-demand production of chlorine species to inactivate human coronaviruses. The commercial prototype disinfection unit was provided by Unipolar Water Technologies. The Unipolar device generates active chlorine species using an electrochemical reaction and dispenses the disinfectant vapour onto surfaces with an aspirator. The minimum effective concentration and exposure time of disinfectant were evaluated on human hepatoma (Huh7) cells using 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a surrogate for pathogenic human coronaviruses. We showed that chlorine species generated in the Unipolar device inactivate HCoV-229E on glass surfaces at ≥ 400 parts per million active chlorine concentration with a 5 min exposure time. Here, inactivation refers to the inability of the virus to infect the Huh7 cells. Importantly, no toxic effect was observed on Huh7 cells for any of the active chlorine concentrations and contact times tested.
Prophylactic supplement with melatonin prevented the brain injury after cardiac arrest in rats
Authors: Hu Yanan , Zhao Xuyan , Jiang Ge , Jin Mingxin , Jiang Wei , Han Fei
Published: November 2023

Prophylactic pharmacotherapy for health care in patients with high risk of cardiac arrest (CA) is an elusive and less explored strategy. Melatonin has possibilities used as a daily nutraceutical to trigger the cellular adaptation. We sought to find the effects of long-term daily prophylactic supplement with melatonin on the victim of CA. Rats were divided into sham, CA, and melatonin + CA (Mel + CA) groups. The rats in the Mel + CA group received daily IP injection of melatonin 100 mg/kg for 14 days. CA was induced by 8 min asphyxia and followed by manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The endpoint was 24 h after resuscitation. Survival, neurological outcome, and hippocampal mitochondrial integrity, dynamics and function were assessed. Survival was significantly higher in the Mel + CA group than the CA group (81 vs. 42%,P = 0.04). Compared to the CA group, neurological damage in the CA1 region and the level of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the Mel + CA group were decreased (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial function and integrity were protected in the Mel + CA group compared to the CA group, according to the results of mitochondrial swelling, ΔΨm, ROS production, oxygen consumption rate, and respiratory control rate (P < 0.05). Melatonin increased SIRT3 and downregulated acetylated CypD. The mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy were improved in the Mel + CA group (P < 0.05). Long-term daily prophylactic supplement with melatonin buy the time from brain injury after CA.
A comprehensive study on enhancing of the mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced concrete through nano-silica integration
Authors: Ashokan Anbuchezian , Rajendran Silambarasan , Dhairiyasamy Ratchagaraja
Published: November 2023

Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) offers improved toughness, crack resistance, and impact resistance. Nano-silica enhances the strength, durability, and workability of concrete. This study investigated the combined effect of nano-silica and steel microfibers, termed micro-concrete reinforced with steel fibers embedding nano-silica (MRFAIN), on the mechanical properties of concrete. The aim was to determine the influence of different percentages of nano-silica and steel microfibers on fresh state properties, mechanical strength, and mechanical performance of MRFAIN. MRFAIN mixtures were prepared with cement, sand, water, superplasticizer, varying dosages of nano-silica (0–2%), and steel microfibers (0–2% by volume). Mechanical properties evaluated at 28 days included compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and fracture energy. Incorporating steel microfibers reduced workability but enhanced mechanical properties like strength and ductility. Nano-silica addition showed variable effects on compressive strength but increased tensile strength. Optimal nano-silica content was 1% and steel microfibers 2%, giving compressive strength 122.5 MPa, tensile strength 25.4 MPa, modulus of elasticity 42.7 GPa. Using nano-silica and steel, microfibers enhanced the mechanical performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete. This shows potential for reducing construction waste and pollution. Further research can optimize the proportions of nano-silica and steel microfibers in MRFAIN.
The neuropsychological profile of work addiction
Authors: Berta Krisztina , Pesthy Zsuzsanna Viktória , Vékony Teodóra , Farkas Bence C. , Németh Dezső , Kun Bernadette
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study was to examine, for the first time, the neuropsychological aspects of work addiction, with a specific emphasis on the cognitive factors identified by theoretical models. While previous research has highlighted self-reported obsessiveness and impulsiveness in work addiction, this study sought to go beyond self-report measures by employing also neuropsychological reaction time tasks to assess executive functions. A total of 101 participants were categorized into two groups based on their Work Addiction Risk Test scores: a high-risk group (HWA; n = 39) and a low-risk group (LWA; n = 62) for work addiction. Executive functions were assessed using Go/No-Go, Digit Span, Counting Span, N-back, and Card Sorting Tasks. The findings revealed that the HWA group had poorer inhibitory control and achieved lower scores on the more complex working memory task involving updating (2-back). However, they exhibited unaltered cognitive flexibility and outperformed the LWA group on the 1-back task associated with maintenance and storage of information and sustained attention. Higher levels of impulsiveness and compulsiveness were observed in the HWA group, consistent with previous studies. These findings highlight the role of inhibition and working memory in work addiction, potentially contributing to challenges such as inefficient working strategies and impaired social functioning. This study offers valuable insights into the neurocognitive aspects of work addiction, deepening our understanding of this phenomenon.
Proenkephalin deletion in hematopoietic cells induces intestinal barrier failure resulting in clinical feature similarities with irritable bowel syndrome in mice
Authors: Mas-Orea Xavier , Rey Lea , Battut Louise , Bories Cyrielle , Petitfils Camille , Abot Anne , Gheziel Nadine , Wemelle Eve , Blanpied Catherine , Motta Jean-Paul , Knauf Claude , Barreau Frederick , Espinosa Eric , Aloulou Meryem , Cenac Nicolas , Serino Matteo , Mouledous Lionel , Fazilleau Nicolas , Dietrich Gilles
Published: November 2023

Opioid-dependent immune-mediated analgesic effects have been broadly reported upon inflammation. In preclinical mouse models of intestinal inflammatory diseases, the local release of enkephalins (endogenous opioids) by colitogenic T lymphocytes alleviate inflammation-induced pain by down-modulating gut-innervating nociceptor activation in periphery. In this study, we wondered whether this immune cell-derived enkephalin-mediated regulation of the nociceptor activity also operates under steady state conditions. Here, we show that chimeric mice engrafted with enkephalin-deficient bone marrow cells exhibit not only visceral hypersensitivity but also an increase in both epithelial paracellular and transcellular permeability, an alteration of the microbial topography resulting in increased bacteria-epithelium interactions and a higher frequency of IgA-producing plasma cells in Peyer’s patches. All these alterations of the intestinal homeostasis are associated with an anxiety-like behavior despite the absence of an overt inflammation as observed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Thus, our results show that immune cell-derived enkephalins play a pivotal role in maintaining gut homeostasis and normal behavior in mice. Because a defect in the mucosal opioid system remarkably mimics some major clinical symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome, its identification might help to stratify subgroups of patients.
Online Content: Physical and Structural Techniques Applied to Nucleic Acids
Authors: Tor Yitzhak , Gehring Kalle , Fabris Daniele , Egli Martin , Korostelev Andrei A. , Craggs Timothy D. , Pyne Alice , Gagnon Keith T. , Watts Jonathan K. , Cheatham III Thomas E. , Richards Nigel G. J.
Published: November 2023

This chapter looks at the physical and structural techniques that can be applied to nucleic acids. The first few sections focus on spectroscopic techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and diffraction techniques. The following sections explore cryogenic electron microscopy, optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrophoresis. Chromatographic methods, centrifugation and light scattering techniques are also discussed. Finally, the chapter concludes with sections on thermodynamic analysis, molecular mechanics and dynamics, and QM/MM methods for modelling nucleic acids reactions.
Metabolite monitoring concept for the biometric identification of individuals from the skin surface
Authors: Greco Mindy , Eldridge Morgan , Banks Emilynn , Halámková Lenka , Halámek Jan
Published: November 2023

A novel method for metabolite monitoring is presented for diverse applications in biometric identification.
Polyurea-magnetic hierarchical porous composites for profiling of anionic metabolites
Authors: Zhang Renjun , Lai Zhizhen , Tian Hongtao , Wang Meng , Guo Yang-Yang , Zhang Mo , Zhou Jiang , Yao Ming-Shui , Li Zhili
Published: November 2023

Polyurea-magnetic hierarchical porous composites show excellent physisorption performance for anionic metabolites in complex matrices with simple preparation, rapid separation, superior stability, and recyclability.
Assembly of MnIII ions into di-, tetra-, deca-nuclear coordination complexes, zero- to three-dimensional molecular frameworks: molecular spin flop to and short-range bulk magnetic spin flop ordering
Authors: Kumar Jayasree , Tarannum Ibtesham , Zheng Yan-Zhen , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: November 2023

Octahedral MnIII ions possess significant magnetic anisotropy due to second-order orbital contribution combined with Jahn–Teller distortion.
Dipyrromethane–diphosphine: the effect of meso substituents on the formation of nickel complexes and on their performance in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones
Authors: Gupta Rohit , Kumar Ashok , Mani Ganesan
Published: November 2023

Complex B forms when R = Ph, and both types of complex A and B form when R = Et or cyclohexyl groups. Besides, they catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of a series of aromatic and aliphatic ketones with greater activities when R = Ph.
Correction: Unlocking the effect of Zn2+ on crystal structure, optical properties, and photocatalytic degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) of Bi2WO6
Authors: Hojamberdiev Mirabbos , Larralde Ana Laura , Vargas Ronald , Madriz Lorean , Yubuta Kunio , Sannegowda Lokesh Koodlur , Sadok Ilona , Krzyszczak-Turczyn Agnieszka , Oleszczuk Patryk , Czech Bożena
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Unlocking the effect of Zn2+ on crystal structure, optical properties, and photocatalytic degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) of Bi2WO6’ by Mirabbos Hojamberdiev et al., Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2023, 9, 2866–2879, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EW00430A.
A “Mesh Scaffold” that regulates the mechanical properties and restricts the phase transition-induced volume change of the PNIPAM-based hydrogel for wearable sensors
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyong , Ding Haoran , Li Zhaozhao , Bai Yongping , Zhang Lidong
Published: November 2023

Continuous in situ switchable mechanical properties in an anti-volume variation PNIPAM-based hydrogel. Remarkable wearable human–machine interfaces and sign language recognition.
Expression of concern: Versatile plasmonic-effects at the interface of inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Oshikiri Tomoya , Sawayanagi Hiroki , Nakamura Keisuke , Ueno Kosei , Sun Quan , Wu Hui-Ping , Diau Eric Wei-Guang , Misawa Hiroaki
Published: November 2023

Expression of concern for ‘Versatile plasmonic-effects at the interface of inverted perovskite solar cells’ by Ahmed Esmail Shalan, et al., Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 1229–1236, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR06741G.
Synthesis of spiro[indolenine]-methanofullerenes via Deoxofluor promoted deoxygenative cyclopropanation of 1,2-(3-indole)-fullerenols
Authors: Ma Wen-Bin , Wang Long-Ge , Chen Shou-Rui , Zhang Xiang , Xuan Jun , Li Fei
Published: November 2023

Deoxofluor-promoted intramolecular cyclopropanation of 1,2-(3-indole)fullerenols has been developed as a straightforward and efficient protocol for the synthesis of various spiro[indolenine]-methanofullerenes.
Expression of concern: Optimization of a compact layer of TiO2via atomic-layer deposition for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Narra Sudhakar , Oshikiri Tomoya , Ueno Kosei , Shi Xu , Wu Hui-Ping , Elshanawany Mahmoud M. , Wei-Guang Diau Eric , Misawa Hiroaki
Published: November 2023

Expression of concern for ‘Optimization of a compact layer of TiO2via atomic-layer deposition for high-performance perovskite solar cells’ by Ahmed Esmail Shalan et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2017, 1, 1533–1540, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7SE00220C.
Blending of a 3D cloud-like morphology with a 1D structure in a VO2/MXene nanocomposite to enhance the charge storage capability
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Ansari M. N. M. , Upadhyay Sanjay , Gajraj Vikash , S. Chetana , Joshi Naveen Chandra , Sikiru Surajudeen , Sen Arijit
Published: November 2023

VO2/MXene nanocomposite growth and its energy storage capability as supercapacitor electrode.
Methyl red based metal–organic frameworks for the selective and tuneable sensing of ammonia gas
Authors: Weir Craig N. G. , Blanchard Rodney J. , Parsons Amanda P. , Kalarikkandy Gauthaman , Katz Michael J.
Published: November 2023

This work examines a family of UiO-based MOFs built from terephthalic acid and a methyl red linker. The orange-red MOFs show a colourimetric response, changing to dark red with acid vapour, and yellow with base (ammonia) vapour.