bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
European lobsters utilise Atlantic salmon wastes in coastal integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems
Authors: Baltadakis A , Casserly J , Falconer L , Sprague M , Telfer TC
Published: September 2020

In this study, we investigated if juvenile European lobstersHomarus gammaruswould eat waste from Atlantic salmonSalmo salarcages in a coastal integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) setup and if there were any impacts on growth. Trophic interactions between salmon and lobsters were assessed using δ15N and δ13C stable isotope analysis and fatty acid profiling from fish feed as indicators of nutrient flow. Analysis revealed that lobsters directly utilised particulate waste from salmon production, as levels of indicator fatty acids from salmon feed were significantly higher in lobster tissues near the fish cages compared to the control site. Route of uptake may have been direct consumption of waste feed or faecal material or indirectly through fouling organisms. Stable isotope analysis did not indicate nutrient transfer to lobsters, suggesting that the duration of the study and/or the amount of waste consumed was not sufficient for stable isotope analysis. Lobsters grew significantly over the trial period at both sites, but there was no significant difference in lobster growth between the sites. Our results show a trophic relationship between salmon and lobsters within this IMTA system, with no apparent advantage or disadvantage to growth.
Modeling of Morphological Analysis and Synthesis of Word Forms of the Natural Language
Authors: Kochkonbaeva B.
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the modeling of morphological analysis and synthesis of the Kyrgyz language. Models of creating word forms and rules for connecting affixes to the base of a word are considered. As a result of studying the structure of natural language, a algorithm of module was created that performs automatic morphological analysis and synthesis of word forms on a personal computer.
E-Posta Pazarlama: Teorik Bir Bakış
Authors: GEDİK Yasemin
Published: September 2020

Küreselleşme ve teknolojik gelişmeler, işletmeleri özellikle pazarlama ve reklam iletişiminde, müşterilere ulaşmak için yeterli etkileşime sahip yeni medya kanalları keşfetmeye zorlamaktadır. İşletmeler her zaman müşterileriyle daha kolay, daha ucuz ve daha hızlı iletişim kurmanın yollarını ararken, internet her üçünü de sunmaktadır. E-posta pazarlaması, reklam veya ticari bilgi göndermek için e-posta kullanan çevrimiçi bir pazarlama tekniğidir. E-posta pazarlama, düşük maliyeti, yüksek yatırım getirisi ve marka bağlılığı oluşturma avantajıyla da işletmeler için son derece cazip bir pazarlama aracıdır. Bu makale, güncel istatistikleri de paylaşarak e-posta pazarlamasıyla ilgili geniş bir kavramsal çerçeve oluşturmaya odaklanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte işletme yöneticilerin e-posta pazarlama kampanyalarını daha etkin bir şekilde tasarlamalarına yardımcı olmak için gereken e-posta pazarlama stratejilerini de açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Makalede ayrıca izin pazarlaması, e-posta pazarlama metrikleri, e-posta pazarlamanın avantaj ve dezavantajları konularına da yer verilmiştir.
İstanbul’da Yerleşme - Ulaşım İlişkisine Coğrafi Bakış
Authors: DOĞAN Kadir , DOĞAN Mesut
Published: September 2020

İlk yerleşim alanlarının geçmişi eski çağlara dayansa da yerleşim alanlarının kuruldukları yerde büyüyerek etrafa doğru yayılmaları özellikle Sanayi Devrimi’nden sonraki süreçte gerçekleşmiştir. 19. yüzyılda yaşanan sanayileşme süreci şehirlerin makro formunu değiştirmiştir. Sanayi tesislerinin kurulması insanların çalışmak için şehirlere göç etmesine yol açmış, şehirlerde yaşanan bu yoğunluk da şehrin kurulduğu yerden etrafa doğru yayılmasında etkili olmuştur. Yaşanan bu süreçte ham madde ve işçilerin sanayi tesisine, mamul maddenin de pazara taşınmasında ulaşım faaliyetleri önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu nedenle şehirlerde farklı ulaşım faaliyetleri hızla gelişmeye başlamış, yaşanan bu gelişmelerde insanların daha uzak olan yerlere ulaşmalarını kolaylaştırmıştır. Zamanla teknolojik alanda yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte bu süreç hızlanarak şehirlerin tarihte hiç görülmediği kadar geniş alanlara yayılmasında etkili olmuştur. Dünya’nın en eski şehirlerinden biri olan İstanbul’da yerleşim alanları 19. yüzyılda sanayi ve ulaşım alanında yaşanan gelişmelerle etrafa doğru yayılmaya başlamıştır. Bu dönemde özellikle deniz yolları ve raylı sistemlerde yaşanan gelişmeler yerleşim alanlarının etrafa doğru yayılmasında etkili olurken 20. yüzyılda yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte karayolları yerleşim alanlarının yayılmasında önemli rol oynamıştır.
Örgüt Kültürünün ve İşletme Demografisinin KOSGEB Desteklerine Etkisi: Burdur İli Araştırması
Authors: SARITAŞ Ahmet , BAKIR Lütfullah
Published: September 2020

Örgüt kültürü bir örgütün bireyleri arasındaki inançları, beklentileri, aynı zamanda bu bireylerin davranışlarını düzenleyen ilkeler bütünüdür. Örgüt kültürü bireylerin, kitlelerin ve toplumların ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için kurulan örgütlerin temel yapı taşı, sahip olduğu değerler, kabul ve kurallardır. Çevreleri ile sürekli bir alışveriş içinde olan örgütlerin, dinamizmini kaybetmemesi ve çevreyle entegrasyonunu sağlamak için birçok kamu kurum ve kuruluşu tarafından destekler sağlanmaktadır. Bu kurumların başında da Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmeleri Geliştirme ve Destekleme İdaresi Başkanlığı (KOSGEB) gelmektedir. Bu çalışma ile örgütlerin örgüt kültürünün ve demografik yapılarının, KOSGEB desteklerinden yararlanmaları arasındaki ilişki ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Burdur İlinde faaliyet gösteren ve KOSGEB Proje Tabanlı Desteği alan KOBİ’lerdir. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket tekniği seçilmiş olup, veriler ekonometrik bir model olan lojistik regresyon modeli ile yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, araştırmaya katılan KOBİ’lerin örgüt kültürü ve demografik yapılarının, KOSGEB Proje Tabanlı Desteklerden yararlanmalarında kısmen ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Bir Küçük Adanın Büyük Turizm Başarısı: Camiguin Adası Örneği
Authors: ATASOY Emin , ESPALDON Maria Victoria Ortega
Published: September 2020

Mindanao adasının kuzeyinde ve Bohol denizinin güneyinde yer alan Camiguin adası Filipinlerin en önemli ve en ilginç 25 turizm merkezinden biridir. Çok sayıda volkanik dağ, lagün gölü, kaplıca, mağara ve ilginç şelale barındıran ada dünyanın en iyi 10 dalgıçlık merkezlerinden biri olarak seçilmiştir. Camiguin adasının en büyük turizm avantajlarından birisi küçük yüzölçümüne sahip olmasına rağmen çok çeşitli turizm olanakları, çok sayıda kaliteli konaklama tesisi ve zengin rekreasyon faaliyetlerini aynı anda sunabilmesidir. Bu çalışmada Filipinler Cumhuriyeti’nde ve Mindanao Adalar Grubu’nda yer alan Camiguin adasının başlıca coğrafi özellikleri ve turizm potansiyeli irdelenmiştir. Bu araştırmada adanın coğrafi konumu, doğal ve beşeri özellikleri tartışıldığı gibi turizm çekicilikleri ve başlıca turizm kaynakları da kısaca ele alınmıştır. Adanın başlıca plajları, kentleri, şelaleleri, mağaraları, volkanları, inanç merkezleri ve tarihsel-kültürel çekicilikleri irdelenerek adanın turizm potansiyeli resmedilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında, Camiguin adasının en büyük turizm avantajları nelerdir sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır
PELATIHAN PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH DAUN KERING DAN SAMPAH SISA MAKANAN MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DALAM MEWUJUDKAN GREEN HOUSE DI METLAND TAMBUN CLUSTER FONTANIA
Authors: KHASANAH Fata Nidaul , ROFIAH Syahbaniar , SETIYADI Didik , REYNALDI Rizal Nanda
Published: September 2020

Settlements are one of the sources of contributors in the growing number of garbage. Handling waste done well in processing can provide benefits at once can reduce the buildup of existing garbage volumes. The purpose of this training is how to utilize dried leaf garbage and leftover waste food to be processed into liquid organic fertilizer that can provide benefits for the environment so as to preserve plants around the settlement to To a beautiful, fresh and green settlement so it is realized "Green House" in MetlandTambun Cluster Fontania. In the implementation of the methods used include counseling activities, training activities and mentoring activities. From the activities, the residents can utilize dried leaf garbage and food scraps waste to be processed into liquid organic fertilizer with the help of the counting machine and grinding machine in the manufacturing process.

Permukiman merupakan salah satu sumber penyumbang dalam meningkatnya jumlah sampah. Penanganan sampah yang dilakukan dengan baik dalam pengolahannya dapat memberikan manfaat sekaligus dapat mengurangi penumpukan volume sampah yang ada. Tujuan dari pelatihan ini adalah bagaimana memanfaatkan sampah daun kering dan sampah sisa makanan untuk diolah menjadi pupuk organik cair yang dapat memberikan manfaat bagi lingkungan sekitar sehingga dapat melestarikan tanaman di sekitar permukiman untuk menuju sebuah permukiman yang asri, segar dan hijau sehingga terwujud “Green House” di Metland Tambun Cluster Fontania. Dalam pelaksanaannya metode yang digunakan meliputi kegiatan penyuluhan, kegiatan pelatihan dan kegiatan pendampingan. Dari kegiatan tersebut maka warga dapat memanfaatkan sampah daun kering dan sampah sisa makanan untuk diolah menjadi pupuk organik cair dengan bantuan mesin pencacah dan mesin penggiling dalam proses pembuatannya.
A Class of Spline Functions for Solving 2-Order Linear Differential Equations with Boundary Conditions
Authors: Liu Chengzhi , Han Xuli , Li Juncheng
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we exploit an numerical method for solving second order differential equations with boundary conditions. Based on the theory of the analytic solution, a series of spline functions are presented to find approximate solutions, and one of them is selected to approximate the solution automatically. Compared with the other methods, we only need to solve a tri-diagonal system, which is much easier to implement. This method has the advantages of high precision and less computational cost. The analysis of local truncation error is also discussed in this paper. At the end, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Discrimination of Benign and Malignant Lesions in Canine Mammary Tissue Samples Using Raman Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dantas Diana , Soares Liliana , Novais Susana , Vilarinho Rui , Moreira J. Agostinho , Silva Susana , Frazão Orlando , Oliveira Teresa , Leal Nuno , Faísca Pedro , Reis Joana
Published: September 2020

Breast cancer is a health problem that affects individual life quality and the family system. It is the most frequent type of cancer in women, but men are also affected. As an integrative approach, comparative oncology offers an opportunity to learn more about natural cancers in different species. Methods based on Raman spectroscopy have shown significant potential in the study of the human breast through the fingerprinting of biological tissue, which provides valuable information that can be used to identify, characterize and discriminate structures in breast tissue, in both healthy and carcinogenic environments. One of the most important applications of Raman spectroscopy in medical diagnosis is the characterization of microcalcifications, which are highly important diagnostic indicators of breast tissue diseases. Raman spectroscopy has been used to analyze the chemical composition of microcalcifications. These occur in benign and malignant lesions in the human breast, and Raman helps to discriminate microcalcifications as type I and type II according to their composition. This paper demonstrates the recent progress in understanding how this vibrational technique can discriminate through the fingerprint regions of lesions in unstained histology sections from canine mammary glands.
Genetic Parameters of Different FTIR-Enabled Phenotyping Tools Derived from Milk Fatty Acid Profile for Reducing Enteric Methane Emissions in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Bittante Giovanni , Cipolat-Gotet Claudio , Cecchinato Alessio
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to infer the genetic parameters of five enteric methane emissions (EME) predicted from milk infrared spectra (13 models). The reference values were estimated from milk fatty acid profiles (chromatography), individual model-cheese, and daily milk yield of 1158 Brown Swiss cows (85 farms). Genetic parameters were estimated, under a Bayesian framework, for EME reference traits and their infrared predictions. Heritability of predicted EME traits were similar to EME reference values for methane yield (CH4/DM: 0.232–0.317) and methane intensity per kg of corrected milk (CH4/CM: 0.177–0.279), smaller per kg cheese solids (CH4/SO: 0.093–0.165), but greater per kg fresh cheese (CH4/CU: 0.203–0.267) and for methane production (dCH4: 0.195–0.232). We found good additive genetic correlations between infrared-predicted methane intensities and the reference values (0.73 to 0.93), less favorable values for CH4/DM (0.45–0.60), and very variable for dCH4 according to the prediction method (0.22 to 0.98). Easy-to-measure milk infrared-predicted EME traits, particularly CH4/CM, CH4/CU and dCH4, could be considered in breeding programs aimed at the improvement of milk ecological footprint.
Prevalence of Keel Bone Damage in Red Jungle Fowls (Gallus gallus)—A Pilot Study
Authors: Kittelsen Käthe Elise , Jensen Per , Christensen Jens Peter , Toftaker Ingrid , Moe Randi Oppermann , Vasdal Guro
Published: September 2020

Keel bone damage (KBD) is a highly prevalent problem in commercial egg production. KBD consists of two different conditions affecting the keel: Keel bone deviation and keel bone fractures (KBF). Deviations are linked to pressure on the keel, e.g., from perching. The causative factors for KBF are not clear; however, selection for efficient egg production has been suggested as a major contributing factor. An important step to shed light on the role of selective breeding as an underlying cause of KBF in modern laying hens is to evaluate the keel bones of the ancestor, the red jungle fowl. To the authors’ knowledge, this has never previously been published. The aim of this study was therefore to describe the prevalence of KBD in a study group of red jungle hens and roosters housed in an aviary system. The present study examined 29 red jungle fowls 112 weeks of age post-mortem; 12 hens and 17 roosters. Keel bones were evaluated by external palpation for deviations and fractures. Palpation was followed by autopsy. No fractures were detected in the 17 roosters; one had a very slight deviation. Of the 12 red jungle hens in this pilot study, one had a single fracture and 10 hens had a very slight deviation.
The Inclusion of the Microalga Scenedesmus sp. in Diets for Rainbow Trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, Juveniles
Authors: Skalli Ali , Firmino Joana P. , Andree Karl B. , Salomón Ricardo , Estévez Alicia , Puig Patricia , Sabater-Martínez Mar , Hechavarria Teresa , Gisbert Enric
Published: September 2020

A nutritional study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of the green microalga Scenedesmus sp. at 5% (SCE-5) as an alternative fishmeal ingredient. This microalga was tested with four replicates during 45 days using isolipidic (18%), isoproteic (48%), and isoenergetic (1.9 MJ kg−1) diets. Fish fed Scenedesmus sp. showed similar growth and feed efficiency parameters as the control group. Regarding the digestive function, the SCE-5 diet enhanced the activity of alkaline pancreatic proteases, whereas it did not affect that of intestinal enzymes involved in nutrient absorption. No histological alterations were found in fish fed the SCE-5 diet, although a higher density of goblet cells in the anterior intestine and changes in gut microbiome diversity were found in this group, which collectively suggests positive effects of this green microalga on the intestine. Dietary Scenedesmus sp. improved the fillet’s nutritional quality in terms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels, although it also increased its yellowish color. The overall results of this study showed that Scenedesmus sp. is a safe ingredient for compound feeds in rainbow trout when considering fish growth performance, animal condition, and health parameters, although it substantially affected the color of the fillet that may potentially affect consumers’ preferences.
Clinical Results of Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) Specific PET and Implications for Radiotherapy Planning: Systematic Review
Authors: Windisch Paul , Zwahlen Daniel R. , Koerber Stefan A. , Giesel Frederik L. , Debus Jürgen , Haberkorn Uwe , Adeberg Sebastian
Published: September 2020

Small molecules targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) have emerged as a new group of tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) in 2018. The purpose of this systematic review is therefore to summarize the evidence that has been gathered to date in patients and to discuss its possible implications for radiotherapy planning. The MEDLINE database was searched for the use of FAP-specific PET in cancer patients and the records were screened according to PRISMA guidelines. Nineteen studies were included. While dedicated analyses of FAP-specific PET for radiotherapy planning were available for glioblastoma, head and neck cancers, lung cancer, and tumors of the lower gastrointestinal tract, there is still very limited data for several epidemiologically significant cancers. In conclusion, FAP-specific PET represents a promising imaging modality for radiotherapy planning that warrants further research.
HSP90 Inhibitor, 17-DMAG, Alone and in Combination with Lapatinib Attenuates Acquired Lapatinib-Resistance in ER-positive, HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Shin Seungho , Kang Jinho , Han Ki-Cheol , Kim Yeul Hong , Bae Jeoung-Won , Park Kyong Hwa
Published: September 2020

Lapatinib, a Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-targeting therapy in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, has been widely used clinically, but the prognosis is still poor because most patients acquire resistance. Therefore, we investigated mechanisms related to lapatinib resistance to evaluate new therapeutic targets that may overcome resistance. Lapatinib-resistant cell lines were established using SKBR3 and BT474 cells. We evaluated cell viability and cell signal changes, gene expression and protein changes. In the xenograft mouse model, anti-tumor effects were evaluated using drugs. Analysis of the protein interaction network in two resistant cell lines with different lapatinib resistance mechanisms showed that HSP90 protein was commonly increased. When Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors were administered alone to both resistant cell lines, cell proliferation and protein expression were effectively inhibited. However, inhibition of cell proliferation and protein expression with a combination of lapatinib and HSP90 inhibitors showed a more synergistic effect in the LR-BT474 cell line than the LR-SKBR3 cell line, and the same result was exhibited with the xenograft model. These results suggest that HSP90 inhibitors in patients with lapatinib-resistant Estrogen Receptor (ER) (+) HER2 (+) breast cancer are promising therapeutics for future clinical trials.
Interplay between Cellular Autophagy and Hepatitis B Virus Replication: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lin Yong , Zhao Zhenyu , Huang Ailong , Lu Mengji
Published: September 2020

Autophagy, a conserved process in which cells break down and destroy old, damaged, or abnormal proteins and other substances in the cytoplasm through lysosomal degradation, occurs via autophagosome formation and aids in the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis. Autophagy is closely associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and assembly. Currently, HBV infection is still one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. The unavailability of satisfactory therapeutic strategies for chronic HBV infection indicates an urgent need to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HBV infection. Increasing evidence has shown that HBV not only possesses the ability to induce incomplete autophagy but also evades autophagic degradation, indicating that HBV utilizes or hijacks the autophagy machinery for its own replication. Therefore, autophagy might be a crucial target pathway for controlling HBV infection. The definite molecular mechanisms underlying the association between cellular autophagy and HBV replication require further clarification. In this review, we have summarized and discussed the latest findings on the interplay between autophagy and HBV replication.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Characterization of Two Nonmetal Cation Tetrafluoroborates
Authors: Alzamil Noura Othman , Al-Enzi Ghareeba Mussad , Alamri Aishah Hassan , Abdi Insaf , BenAli Amor
Published: September 2020

Two new nonmetal cation tetrafluoroborate phases [H3tren](BF4)3 (I) and [H3tren](BF4)3 HF (II) were synthesized by microwave-assisted solvothermal and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis DTA-TGA. [H3tren](BF4)3 is cubic (P213) with unit cell parameter a = 11.688(1) Å. [H3tren](BF4)3•HF is trigonal (R3c) with unit cell parameters a = 15.297(6) Å and c = 12.007(2) Å. Both (I) and (II) structures can be described from isolated tetrafluoroborate BF4- anions, triprotonated tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) [H3tren]3+. Phase (II) contains disordered BF4- tetrahedron and hydrofluoric acid.
Designer Synthesis of Ultra-Fine Fe-LTL Zeolite Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Fen , Luo Yunhong , Chen Lei , Chen Wei , Hu Yin , Chen Guihua , You Shengyong , Song Weiguo
Published: September 2020

Nanosized zeolites with larger external surface area and decreased diffusion pathway provide many potential opportunities in adsorption, diffusion, and catalytic applications. Herein, we report a designer synthesis of ultra-fine Fe-LTL zeolite nanocrystals under very mild synthesis conditions. We prepared Fe-LTL zeolite nanocrystals synthesized using L precursor. The precursor is aging at room temperature to obtain zeolite L nuclei. In order to investigate more details of Fe-LTL zeolite nanocrystals, various characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, confirm the tetrahedral Fe3+ species in the zeolite framework. Besides, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicate that the average particle size of Fe-LTL zeolite crystals is approximately 30 nm. Thus, ultra-fine Fe-LTL zeolite with large external surface area and shorter diffusion pathway to the active sites might have great potential in the near future.
Fluorine-Doped LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 Cathode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Hyeona , Kim Sung-Beom , Park Deok-Hye , Park Kyung-Won
Published: September 2020

For advanced lithium-ion batteries, LiNixCoyMnzO2 (x + y + z = 1) (NCM) cathode materials containing a high nickel content have been attractive because of their high capacity. However, to solve severe problems such as cation mixing, oxygen evolution, and transition metal dissolution in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes, in this study, F-doped LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCMF) was synthesized by solid-state reaction of a NCM and ammonium fluoride, followed by heating process. From X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the oxygen in NCM can be replaced by F− ions to produce the F-doped NCM structure. The substitution of oxygen with F− ions may produce relatively strong bonds between the transition metal and F and increase the c lattice parameter of the structure. The NCMF cathode exhibits better electrochemical performance and stability in half- and full-cell tests compared to the NCM cathode.
Ten-Year Estimation of Net Primary Productivity in a Mangrove Forest under a Tropical Monsoon Climate in Eastern Thailand: Significance of the Temperature Environment in the Dry Season
Authors: Poungparn Sasitorn , Komiyama Akira , Umnouysin Suthathip , Rodtassana Chadtip , Sangtiean Tanuwong , Maknual Chatree , Pravinvongvuthi Tamanai , Suchewaboripont Vilanee , Kato Shogo
Published: September 2020

Mangrove forests play crucial roles in the coastal ecosystems of the tropics. Few studies have addressed long-term changes in the net primary productivity (NPP) of mangroves in relation to the tropical monsoon climate. We conducted a tree census from 2008 to 2018 in a permanent plot at a secondary mangrove forest under the tropical monsoon climate of Eastern Thailand. During this period, the mortality of fast-growing species and the increasing number of newly recruited trees revealed a temporal change in the plant composition and distribution. Total tree biomass linearly increased from 283.64 to 381.72 t·ha−1 during the study period. The NPP was calculated by using the summation method, which included fine root production. The NPP ranged from 21.19 to 29.04 t·ha−1·yr−1. The fluctuation in NPP and its components were analyzed in relation to climatic factors by the linear regression model. The NPP did not relate with the annual climatic factors, such as the mean temperature and annual rainfall. However, both increments in the basal area and living tree biomass, which is a major component of NPP, were negatively related with the maximum and mean monthly temperatures in the dry season. The annual mortality rate related positively with annual rainfall and the maximum monthly temperature in the dry season. Linear regression analyses showed that some major components of NPP were chiefly affected by the temperature environment in the dry season. These results indicated that the weather in the dry season was largely restricting the mangrove NPP due to effects on the saline water dynamics of the soils under the tropical monsoon climate, which were revealed by our recent study. It implies that the hot-dry season may lead to high mortality, long-term reduction in the increment of living-trees biomass, and thus lowered the ability to maintain high NPP of mangrove forests over the long-term.
Using a Trait-Based Approach to Compare Tree Species Sensitivity to Climate Change Stressors in Eastern Canada and Inform Adaptation Practices
Authors: Boisvert-Marsh Laura , Royer-Tardif Samuel , Nolet Philippe , Doyon Frédérik , Aubin Isabelle
Published: September 2020

Despite recent advances in understanding tree species sensitivities to climate change, ecological knowledge on different species remains scattered across disparate sources, precluding their inclusion in vulnerability assessments. Information on potential sensitivities is needed to identify tree species that require consideration, inform changes to current silvicultural practices and prioritize management actions. A trait-based approach was used to overcome some of the challenges involved in assessing sensitivity, providing a common framework to facilitate data integration and species comparisons. Focusing on 26 abundant tree species from eastern Canada, we developed a series of trait-based indices that capture a species’ ability to cope with three key climate change stressors—increased drought events, shifts in climatically suitable habitat, increased fire intensity and frequency. Ten indices were developed by breaking down species’ response to a stressor into its strategies, mechanisms and traits. Species-specific sensitivities varied across climate stressors but also among the various ways a species can cope with a given stressor. Of the 26 species assessed, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière and Abies balsamea (L.) Mill are classified as the most sensitive species across all indices while Acer rubrum L. and Populus spp. are the least sensitive. Information was found for 95% of the trait-species combinations but the quality of available data varies between indices and species. Notably, some traits related to individual-level sensitivity to drought were poorly documented as well as deciduous species found within the temperate biome. We also discuss how our indices compare with other published indices, using drought sensitivity as an example. Finally, we discuss how the information captured by these indices can be used to inform vulnerability assessments and the development of adaptation measures for species with different management requirements under climate change.
Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges
Authors: Kwon Jung-Hwan , Kim Jin-Woo , Pham Thanh Dat , Tarafdar Abhrajyoti , Hong Soonki , Chun Sa-Ho , Lee Sang-Hwa , Kang Da-Young , Kim Ju-Yang , Kim Su-Bin , Jung Jaehak
Published: September 2020

Human exposure to microplastics contained in food has become a significant concern owing to the increasing accumulation of microplastics in the environment. In this paper, we summarize the presence of microplastics in food and the analytical methods used for isolation and identification of microplastics. Although a large number of studies on seafood such as fish and shellfish exist, estimating the overall human exposure to microplastics via food consumption is difficult owing to the lack of studies on other food items. Analytical methods still need to be optimized for appropriate recovery of microplastics in various food matrices, rendering a quantitative comparison of different studies challenging. In addition, microplastics could be added or removed from ingredients during processing or cooking. Thus, research on processed food is crucial to estimate the contribution of food to overall human microplastic consumption and to mitigate this exposure in the future.
The Outrage Effect of Personal Stake, Familiarity, Effects on Children, and Fairness on Climate Change Risk Perception Moderated by Political Orientation
Authors: You Myoungsoon , Ju Youngkee
Published: September 2020

Outrage factors are perceived characteristics of risk that provoke emotional responses and influence risk perception. Although several studies examined how multiple influences affect climate change risk perception, outrage factors have not been comprehensively assessed in the context of climate change risk perception. Using an online survey in South Korea (n = 592), we investigated outrage factors associated with climate change risk perception and whether political orientation moderates these outrage effects. We considered 11 of 20 outrage factors: voluntariness, controllability, familiarity, fairness, uncertainty, delayed effects, effects on children, trust, reversibility, personal stake, and human vs. natural origin. Factors that overlapped with the selected outrage factors or those that were not relevant to climate change were excluded. The survey revealed that the climate change risk perception of an individual increased when they perceived climate change to be relevant to their personal lives, when they felt unfamiliar with climate change, when they thought climate change would have a severe impact on children, or when they thought climate change would have unequal consequences. Moreover, respondents who identified as political conservatives were subject to a greater outrage effect of personal stake for climate change. The implications of the outrage effect on climate change risk perception and the greater vulnerability of conservatives to outrage effect are discussed.
Big Data, Decision Models, and Public Health
Authors: Chan Chien-Lung , Chang Chi-Chang
Published: September 2020

Unlike most daily decisions, medical decision making often has substantial consequences and trade-offs. Recently, big data analytics techniques such as statistical analysis, data mining, machine learning and deep learning can be applied to construct innovative decision models. With complex decision making, it can be difficult to comprehend and compare the benefits and risks of all available options to make a decision. For these reasons, this Special Issue focuses on the use of big data analytics and forms of public health decision making based on the decision model, spanning from theory to practice. A total of 64 submissions were carefully blind peer reviewed by at least two referees and, finally, 23 papers were selected for this Special Issue.
The Double-Edged Sword of a Calling: The Mediating Role of Harmonious and Obsessive Passions in the Relationship between a Calling, Workaholism, and Work Engagement
Authors: Choi Jinsoo , Permpongaree Surawut , Kim Nanhee , Choi Yeeun , Sohn Young Woo
Published: September 2020

Even though research on perceiving a calling has been growing, our understanding of its double-edged sword effects and psychological mechanisms remain unclear, especially in terms of work engagement and workaholism. Based on the heavy working investment (HWI) and dualistic model of passion (DMP) theories, we established a dual-path structural model to examine the effects of callings on work engagement and workaholism through two types of passion: harmonious (HP) and obsessive (OP) passions. Our results showed that the association between perceiving a calling and work engagement was partially mediated by HP, while the association between perceiving a calling and workaholism was fully mediated by OP. This study contributes to the literature in that it reveals how perceiving a calling has different effects on work engagement and workaholism through the HWI theoretical lens, as well as the mediating roles of HP and OP, based on the DMP theory. Our findings can be practically applied in organizations and counseling.
Circulating MicroRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers of Alcohol-Induced Neuroinflammation in Adolescence: Gender Differences
Authors: Ibáñez Francesc , Ureña-Peralta Juan R. , Costa-Alba Pilar , Torres Jorge-Luis , Laso Francisco-Javier , Marcos Miguel , Guerri Consuelo , Pascual María
Published: September 2020

Current studies evidence the role of miRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key regulators of pathological processes, including neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. As EVs can cross the blood–brain barrier, and EV miRNAs are very stable in peripheral circulation, we evaluated the potential gender differences in inflammatory-regulated miRNAs levels in human and murine plasma EVs derived from alcohol-intoxicated female and male adolescents, and whether these miRNAs could be used as biomarkers of neuroinflammation. We demonstrated that while alcohol intoxication lowers anti-inflammatory miRNA (mir-146a-5p, mir-21-5p, mir-182-5p) levels in plasma EVs from human and mice female adolescents, these EV miRNAs increased in males. In mice brain cortices, ethanol treatment lowers mir-146a-5p and mir-21-5p levels, while triggering a higher expression of inflammatory target genes (Traf6, Stat3, and Camk2a) in adolescent female mice. These results indicate, for the first time, that female and male adolescents differ as regards the ethanol effects associated with the inflammatory-related plasma miRNAs EVs profile, and suggest that female adolescents are more vulnerable than males to the inflammatory effects of binge alcohol drinking. These findings also support the view that circulating miRNAs in EVs could be useful biomarkers for screening ethanol-induced neuroinflammation and brain damage in adolescence.
Transcriptomic Evaluation of Pulmonary Fibrosis-Related Genes: Utilization of Transgenic Mice with Modifying p38 Signal in the Lungs
Authors: Matsuda Shuichi , Kim Jun-Dal , Sugiyama Fumihiro , Matsuo Yuji , Ishida Junji , Murata Kazuya , Nakamura Kanako , Namiki Kana , Sudo Tatsuhiko , Kuwaki Tomoyuki , Hatano Masahiko , Tatsumi Koichiro , Fukamizu Akiyoshi , Kasuya Yoshitoshi
Published: September 2020

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrosing lung disease that is caused by the dysregulation of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC II). The mechanisms involved in the progression of IPF remain incompletely understood, although the immune response accompanied by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation may contribute to some of them. This study aimed to examine the association of p38 activity in the lungs with bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and its transcriptomic profiling. Accordingly, we evaluated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis during an active fibrosis phase in three genotypes of mice carrying stepwise variations in intrinsic p38 activity in the AEC II and performed RNA sequencing of their lungs. Stepwise elevation of p38 signaling in the lungs of the three genotypes was correlated with increased severity of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis exhibiting reduced static compliance and higher collagen content. Transcriptome analysis of these lung samples also showed that the enhanced p38 signaling in the lungs was associated with increased transcription of the genes driving the p38 MAPK pathway and differentially expressed genes elicited by BLM, including those related to fibrosis as well as the immune system. Our findings underscore the significance of p38 MAPK in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
Dysregulation of Key Proteins Associated with Sperm Motility and Fertility Potential in Cancer Patients
Authors: Panner Selvam Manesh Kumar , Finelli Renata , Baskaran Saradha , Agarwal Ashok
Published: September 2020

Cancer has adverse effects on male reproductive health. Conventional semen analysis does not explain the molecular changes in the spermatozoa of cancer patients. Currently, proteomics is being widely used to identify the fertility-associated molecular pathways affected in spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sperm proteome of patients with various types of cancer. Cryopreserved semen samples from patients (testicular cancer, n = 40; Hodgkin’s disease, n = 32; lymphoma, n = 20; leukemia, n = 17) before starting therapy were used for proteomic analysis, while samples from fertile donors (n = 19) were included as controls. The proteomic profiling of sperm was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and differentially expressed proteins involved in the reproductive processes were validated by Western blotting. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that proteins associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, and Sirtuin signaling pathways were dysregulated in cancer patients, while oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle were predicted to be deactivated. Furthermore, the analysis revealed dysregulation of key proteins associated with sperm fertility potential and motility (NADH:Ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1, superoxide dismutase 1, SERPINA5, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2) in the cancer group, which were further validated by Western blot. Dysfunctional molecular mechanisms essential for fertility in cancer patients prior to therapy highlight the potential impact of cancer phenotype on male fertility.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma—The Influence of Immunoanatomy and the Role of Immunotherapy
Authors: Patel Keyur , Lamm Ryan , Altshuler Peter , Dang Hien , Shah Ashesh P.
Published: September 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease, limiting their options for treatment. While current treatments are adequate for lower staged disease, available systemic treatments are limited, with marginal benefit at best. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, effective in treating liquid tumors such as B-cell lymphoma, presents a potentially promising treatment option for advanced HCC. However, new challenges specific to solid tumors, such as tumor immunoanatomy or the immune cell presence and position anatomically and the tumor microenvironment, need to be defined and overcome. Immunotherapy currently in use must be re-engineered and re-envisioned to treat HCC with the hopes of ushering in an answer to advanced stage solid tumor disease processes. Future therapy options must address the uniqueness of the tumors under the umbrella of HCC. This review strives to summarize HCC, its staging system, current therapy and immunotherapy medications currently being utilized or studied in the treatment of HCC with the hopes of highlighting what is being done and suggesting what needs to be done in the future to champion this therapy as an effective option.
The Epigenetic Overlap between Obesity and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gharipour Mojgan , Barekatain Majid , Sung Johoon , Emami Naghmeh , Sadeghian Ladan , Dianatkhah Minoo , Sarrafzadegan Nizal , Jahanfar Shayesteh
Published: September 2020

(1) Background: Obesity and mood disorders are considered as the most prevalent morbidities in many countries. We suppose that epigenetic mechanisms may induce higher rates of obesity in subjects who suffer from mood disorders. In this systematic review, we focused on the potential roles of DNA methylation on mood disorders and obesity development. (2) Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and registered in Prospero. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central database, EMBASE, and CINHAL. We also conducted a Grey literature search, such as Google Scholar. (3) Results: After deduplication, we identified 198 potentially related citations. Finally, ten unique studies met our inclusion criteria. We have found three overlap genes that show significant DNA methylation changes, both in obesity and depression. Pathway analysis interaction for TAPBP, BDNF, and SORBS2 confirmed the relation of these genes in both obesity and mood disorders. (4) Conclusions: While mechanisms linking both obesity and mood disorders to epigenetic response are still unknown, we have already known chronic inflammation induces a novel epigenetic program. As the results of gene enrichment, pathways analysis showed that TAPBP, BDNF, and SORBS2 linked together by inflammatory pathways. Hypermethylation in these genes might play a crucial rule in the co-occurrence of obesity and mood disorders.
Integration of Multiple Platforms for the Analysis of Multifluorescent Marking Technology Applied to Pediatric GBM and DIPG
Authors: Pericoli Giulia , Petrini Stefania , Giorda Ezio , Ferretti Roberta , Ajmone-Cat Maria Antonietta , Court Will , Conti Libenzio Adrian , De Simone Roberta , Bencivenga Paola , Palma Alessia , Di Giannatale Angela , Jones Chris , Carai Andrea , Mastronuzzi Angela , de Billy Emmanuel , Locatelli Franco , Vinci Maria
Published: September 2020

The intratumor heterogeneity represents one of the most difficult challenges for the development of effective therapies to treat pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). These brain tumors are composed of heterogeneous cell subpopulations that coexist and cooperate to build a functional network responsible for their aggressive phenotype. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms sustaining such network will be crucial for the identification of new therapeutic strategies. To study more in-depth these mechanisms, we sought to apply the Multifluorescent Marking Technology. We generated multifluorescent pGBM and DIPG bulk cell lines randomly expressing six different fluorescent proteins and from which we derived stable optical barcoded single cell-derived clones. In this study, we focused on the application of the Multifluorescent Marking Technology in 2D and 3D in vitro/ex vivo culture systems. We discuss how we integrated different multimodal fluorescence analysis platforms, identifying their strengths and limitations, to establish the tools that will enable further studies on the intratumor heterogeneity and interclonal interactions in pGBM and DIPG.
Three-Dimensional Fluid–Structure Interaction Case Study on Elastic Beam
Authors: Tabatabaei Malazi Mahdi , Eren Emir Taha , Luo Jing , Mi Shuo , Temir Galip
Published: September 2020

A three-dimensional T-shaped flexible beam deformation was investigated using model experiments and numerical simulations. In the experiment, a beam was placed in a recirculating water channel with a steady uniform flow in the inlet. A high-speed camera system (HSC) was utilized to record the T-shaped flexible beam deformation in the cross-flow direction. In addition, a two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) numerical method was employed to simulate the deformation of the T-shaped flexible beam. A system coupling was used for conjoining the fluid and solid domain. The dynamic mesh method was used for recreating the mesh. After the validation of the three-dimensional numerical T-shaped flexible solid beam with the HSC results, deformation and stress were calculated for different Reynolds numbers. This study exhibited that the deformation of the T-shaped flexible beam increases by nearly 90% when the velocity is changed from 0.25 to 0.35 m/s, whereas deformation of the T-shaped flexible beam decreases by nearly 63% when the velocity is varied from 0.25 to 0.15 m/s.
Exploring the Multi-Function Nature of Packaging in the Food Industry
Authors: Konstantoglou Ageliki , Folinas Dimitris , Fotiadis Thomas
Published: September 2020

The main objective of this paper is the identification and evaluation of packaging elements by the involved managers in the food industry. Primary research data was collected using a questionnaire that was completed by marketing and logistics managers, as well as food technologists and executives assigned to environmental initiatives/practices, in the Greek food industry. The findings reveal that different managers have different perceptions regarding packaging shapes, colors, identification coding schemes and the provision of consumption ways. There are some common packaging elements that most managers agree on, which are: providing nutritional information, including marks that show compliance to environmental practices, being easy to transport and handle, and withstanding corrosion and wear. Moreover, the research confirms that: (a) Health and nutrition are two interrelated concepts that receive constant attention from the food industry, as well as from governments and consumers, and (b) The quality of a food product is inextricably linked to the quality of its packaging.
Mixed Oxide Layered Double Hydroxide Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Efficient Application for Mn2+ Removal from Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Modrogan Cristina , Cǎprǎrescu Simona , Dǎncilǎ Annette Madelene , Orbuleț Oanamari Daniela , Vasile Eugeniu , Purcar Violeta
Published: September 2020

Magnesium–aluminum (Mg-Al) and magnesium–aluminum–nickel (Mg-Al-Ni) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The adsorption process of Mn2+ from synthetic wastewater was investigated. Formation of the layered double hydroxides and adsorption of Mn2+ on both Mg-Al and Mg-Ni-Al LDHs were observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDX) analysis. XRD patterns for prepared LDHs presented sharp and symmetrical peaks. SEM studies revealed that Mg-Al LDH and Mg-Al-Ni LDH exhibit a non-porous structure. EDX analysis showed that the prepared LDHs present uniformly spread elements. The adsorption equilibrium on these LDHs was investigated at different experimental conditions such as: Shaking time, initial Mn2+ concentration, and temperatures (10 and 20 °C). The parameters were controlled and optimized to remove the Mn2+ from synthetic wastewater. Adsorption isotherms of Mn2+ were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The obtained results indicated that the isotherm data fitted better into the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model. Adsorption capacity of Mn2+ gradually increased with temperature. The Langmuir constant (KL) value of Mg-Al LDH (0.9529 ± 0.007 L/mg) was higher than Mg-Al-Ni LDH (0.1819 ± 0.004 L/mg), at 20 °C. The final adsorption capacity was higher for Mg-Al LDH (91.85 ± 0.087%) in comparison with Mg-Al-Ni LDH (35.97 ± 0.093%), at 20 °C. It was found that the adsorption kinetics is best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The results indicated that LDHs can be considered as a potential material for adsorption of other metallic ions from wastewater.