bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Creating a Subsurface Camera
Authors: Song Wenzhan , Li Fangyu , Valero Maria , Zhao Liang
Published: January 2019

In this article, the framework and architecture of a Subsurface Camera (SAMERA) are envisioned and described for the first time. A SAMERA is a geophysical sensor network that senses and processes geophysical sensor signals and computes a 3D subsurface image in situ in real time. The basic mechanism is geophysical waves propagating/reflected/refracted through subsurface enter a network of geophysical sensors, where a 2D or 3D image is computed and recorded; control software may be connected to this network to allow view of the 2D/3D image and adjustment of settings such as resolution, filter, regularization, and other algorithm parameters. System prototypes based on seismic imaging have been designed. SAMERA technology is envisioned as a game changer to transform many subsurface survey and monitoring applications, including oil/gas exploration and production, subsurface infrastructures and homeland security, wastewater and CO2 sequestration, and earthquake and volcano hazard monitoring. System prototypes for seismic imaging have been built. Creating SAMERA requires interdisciplinary collaboration and the transformation of sensor networks, signal processing, distributed computing, and geophysical imaging.
Assistive Grasping Based on Laser-point Detection with Application to Wheelchair-mounted Robotic Arms
Authors: Zhong Ming , Zhang Yanqiang , Yang Xi , Yao Yufeng , Guo Junlong , Wang Yaping , Liu Yaxin
Published: January 2019

As the aging of the population becomes more severe, wheelchair-mounted robotic arms (WMRAs) are gaining an increased amount of attention. Laser pointer interactions are an attractive method enabling humans to unambiguously point out objects and pick them up. In addition, they bring about a greater sense of participation in the interaction process as an intuitive interaction mode. However, the issue of human–robot interactions remains to be properly tackled, and traditional laser point interactions still suffer from poor real-time performance and low accuracy amid dynamic backgrounds. In this study, combined with an advanced laser point detection method and an improved pose estimation algorithm, a laser pointer is used to facilitate the interactions between humans and a WMRA in an indoor environment. Assistive grasping using a laser selection consists of two key steps. In the first step, the images captured using an RGB-D camera are pre-processed, and then fed to a convolutional neural network (CNN) to determine the 2D coordinates of the laser point and objects within the image. Meanwhile, the centroid coordinates of the selected object are also obtained using the depth information. In this way, the object to be picked up and its location are determined. The experimental results show that the laser point can be detected with almost 100% accuracy in a complex environment. In the second step, a compound pose-estimation algorithm aiming at a sparse use of multi-view templates is applied, which consists of both coarse- and precise-matching of the target to the template objects, greatly improving the grasping performance. The proposed algorithms were implemented on a Kinova Jaco robotic arm, and the experimental results demonstrate their effectiveness. Compared with commonly accepted methods, the time consumption of the pose generation can be reduced from 5.36 to 4.43 s, and synchronously, the pose estimation error is significantly improved from 21.31% to 3.91%.
A Real-Time Mismatch Detection Method for Underwater Database-Referenced Navigation
Authors: Dai Tian , Miao Lingjuan , Guo Yanbing
Published: January 2019

Database-referenced navigation (DBRN) using geophysical information is often implemented on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to correct the positional errors of the inertial navigation system (INS). The matching algorithm is a pivotal technique in DBRN. However, it is impossible to completely eliminate mismatches in practical application. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a mismatch detection method on the outputs of DBRN. In this paper, we propose a real-time triple constraint mismatch detection method. The proposed detection method is divided into three modules: the model fitting detection module, the spatial structure detection module, and the distance ratio detection module. In the model fitting detection module, the navigation characteristics of AUVs are used to select the fitting model. In the spatial structure detection module, the proposed method performs the mismatch detection based on the affine transformation relationship between the INS-indicated trajectory and the corresponding matched trajectory. In the distance ratio detection module, we derive the distance ratio constraint between the INS-indicated trajectory and the corresponding matched trajectory. Simulations based on an actual geomagnetic anomaly base map have been performed for the validation of the proposed method.
Local Parallel Cross Pattern: A Color Texture Descriptor for Image Retrieval
Authors: Feng Qinghe , Hao Qiaohong , Sbert Mateu , Yi Yugen , Wei Ying , Dai Jiangyan
Published: January 2019

Riding the wave of visual sensor equipment (e.g., personal smartphones, home security cameras, vehicle cameras, and camcorders), image retrieval (IR) technology has received increasing attention due to its potential applications in e-commerce, visual surveillance, and intelligent traffic. However, determining how to design an effective feature descriptor has been proven to be the main bottleneck for retrieving a set of images of interest. In this paper, we first construct a six-layer color quantizer to extract a color map. Then, motivated by the human visual system, we design a local parallel cross pattern (LPCP) in which the local binary pattern (LBP) map is amalgamated with the color map in “parallel” and “cross” manners. Finally, to reduce the computational complexity and improve the robustness to image rotation, the LPCP is extended to the uniform local parallel cross pattern (ULPCP) and the rotation-invariant local parallel cross pattern (RILPCP), respectively. Extensive experiments are performed on eight benchmark datasets. The experimental results validate the effectiveness, efficiency, robustness, and computational complexity of the proposed descriptors against eight state-of-the-art color texture descriptors to produce an in-depth comparison. Additionally, compared with a series of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based models, the proposed descriptors still achieve competitive results.
Single Image Super-Resolution Based on Global Dense Feature Fusion Convolutional Network
Authors: Xu Wang , Chen Renwen , Huang Bin , Zhang Xiang , Liu Chuan
Published: January 2019

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely adopted in single image super-resolution (SISR) recently with great success. As a network goes deeper, intermediate features become hierarchical. However, most SISR methods based on DNNs do not make full use of the hierarchical features. The features cannot be read directly by the subsequent layers, therefore, the previous hierarchical information has little influence on the subsequent layer output, and the performance is relatively poor. To address this issue, a novel global dense feature fusion convolutional network (DFFNet) is proposed, which can take full advantage of global intermediate features. Especially, a feature fusion block (FFblock) is introduced as the basic module. Each block can directly read raw global features from previous ones and then learns the feature spatial correlation and channel correlation between features in a holistic way, leading to a continuous global information memory mechanism. Experiments on the benchmark tests show that the proposed method DFFNet achieves favorable performance against the state-of-art methods.
Deterrence Theory in Paraguay: Exploring Fraud and Violation of Trust Cases
Authors: Schneider Andreas
Published: January 2019

This research paper contributes to the literature of deterrence theory in general, and in particular, with respect to white-collar crime, offering valuable insight by using a unique dataset of fraud and violation of trust incidents within the jurisdiction of Paraguay. Descriptive evidence shows a clear and continuous misallocation of funds and human capital, therefore providing less efficient services for the public. Regression analysis suggests that clearance rate exerts a highly significant effect in deterring fraud, but the results are not clear for violation of trust incidents. Despite the limitations of available data, results confirm the deterrence theory in Paraguay. However, for more than two-thirds of victims, not even an attempt was made to seek justice. As a side-result, it seems that a soft-on-crime strategy, induced from the former German penal code, has led to an increasing share of pre-trial diversion, therefore enhancing white-collar crimes like fraud and violation of trust, due to impunity.
Volatility Spillovers between Crude Oil and Agricultural Commodity Markets since the Financial Crisis
Authors: Lu Yaxian , Yang Longguang , Liu Lihong
Published: January 2019

This study examines the nature and dynamics of volatility spillovers between crude oil and agricultural commodity markets since the 2008–09 financial crisis. We tested for volatility spillovers with a flexible bivariate heterogeneous autoregressive model to identify the short-, mid-, and long-term spillover effects. We observed bidirectional spillovers of short-term volatilities between crude oil and agricultural commodity markets in the crisis period, compared to mid-term and long-term volatilities of corn being transmitted to the crude oil volatility in the post-crisis period. These findings suggest that crude oil and agricultural commodity markets have become less integrated after the 2008–09 crisis.
Recent Advances in Seismocardiography
Authors: Taebi Amirtahà , Solar Brian E. , Bomar Andrew J. , Sandler Richard H. , Mansy Hansen A.
Published: January 2019

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide. New diagnostic tools are needed to provide early detection and intervention to reduce mortality and increase both the duration and quality of life for patients with heart disease. Seismocardiography (SCG) is a technique for noninvasive evaluation of cardiac activity. However, the complexity of SCG signals introduced challenges in SCG studies. Renewed interest in investigating the utility of SCG accelerated in recent years and benefited from new advances in low-cost lightweight sensors, and signal processing and machine learning methods. Recent studies demonstrated the potential clinical utility of SCG signals for the detection and monitoring of certain cardiovascular conditions. While some studies focused on investigating the genesis of SCG signals and their clinical applications, others focused on developing proper signal processing algorithms for noise reduction, and SCG signal feature extraction and classification. This paper reviews the recent advances in the field of SCG.
Systematic synthetic study of four diastereomerically distinct limonene-1,2-diols and their corresponding cyclic carbonates
Authors: Morikawa Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Jun-ichi , Sugimura Shun-ichi , Minamoto Masato , Gorou Yuuta , Morinaga Hisatoyo , Motokucho Suguru
Published: January 2019

In order to produce versatile and potentially functional terpene-based compounds, a (R)-limonene-derived diol and its corresponding five-membered cyclic carbonate were prepared. The diol (cyclic carbonate) comprises four diastereomers based on the stereochemical configuration of the diol (and cyclic carbonate) moiety. By choosing the appropriate starting compounds (trans- and cis-limonene oxide) and conditions, the desired diastereomers were synthesised in moderate to high yields with, in most cases, high stereoselectivity. Comparison of the NMR data of the obtained diols and carbonates revealed that the four different diastereomers of each compound could be distinguished by reference to their characteristic signals.
UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM ACID CASEIN PRODUCTION FOR SOIL FERTILIZATION
Authors: Zuokaitė Eglė , Ščupakas Davidas
Published: January 2019

Organic biodegradable waste composes a fair part of farm and vital activity waste. The disposal of this waste in municipal waste landfills pollutes the environment and soil. Therefore, the European Union and other countries look for alternatives to manage biodegraded waste. This paper seeks to analyse the properties of sludge that forms in the sewage treatment plants of the acid casein production, examines experience in managing and applying sludge. The results of an experiment show that sewage sludge from the acid casein production is suitable as a soil fertilizer for growing lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.). After soil was fertilized with this sludge, the germination of lettuce and garden cress as well as the biomass of experimental alimentary plants increased. A suitable ratio of soil and sludge mixture was determined (for lettuce ‐ 1:1, for garden cress ‐ 3:1). Potassium sulphate which was added to a soil‐sludge mixture improved the values of fertility parameters of alimentary plants.
ASPECTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT ON SHORT ROTATION PLANTATIONS (SRP) IN POLAND
Authors: Karczmarczyk Agnieszka , Mosiej Józef
Published: January 2019

The use of wastewater on short rotation plantations (SRP) can be an effective way of wastewater treatment as well as a source of water and nutrients for growing plants. Wastewater nutrient reusing is necessary, especially in the case of nutrients which come from non‐renewable resources, as phosphorus. The production of mineral fertilisers is usually a resource‐consuming and energy‐consuming process. Nutrient removal from wastewater in conventional wastewater treatment technologies is also energy‐consuming and expensive. That's why the reuse of nutrients from the waste streams is very important from both economic and environmental point of view. Taking into consideration climatic conditions (annual precipitation, temperature, length of vegetation period), environmental goals (concerning reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, increase of share of renewable energy in total energy production and protection of water resources) and other social and economic aspects, there is a large potential of fast‐growing plant species development in Poland. To obtain high and stable energy biomass production, irrigation and fertilisation will be needed, what in simple and low‐cost way, can be realised by irrigation with wastewater.
TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IN SOIL DURING PHYTOREMEDIATION FIELD EXPERIMENT
Authors: Juhanson Jaanis , Truu Jaak , Heinaru Eeva , Heinaru Ain
Published: January 2019

Oil‐shale chemical industry creates approximately 600 000 tons of thermally processed oil shale solid wastes (semi‐coke) every year in Estonia. A field phytoremediation and bioaugmentation experiment has been monitored for three years in the solid waste depository area of oil‐shale chemical industry. We found enhanced degradation rates of pollutants in plots with vegetation and added bacterial biomass. The concentration of volatile phenols had decreased almost by 100 %, and the concentration of oil products had decreased approximately 3 times in planted plots compared to the control plots. The degradation rates were the highest in the upper soil layer which has the highest root density. Vegetation also changed the microbial community structure in comparison with the control plots. In addition to the vegetation, properties of the substrate had an essential effect on the microbial community.
INDUCED PROTEIN PROFILE CHANGES IN ARSENATE TOLERANT AND SENSITIVE PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS STRAINS
Authors: Shilev Stefan , López Almudena Fernández , Prieto María Sancho , Puebla Enrique David Sancho
Published: January 2019

Pseudomonas fluorescens are gram‐negative, motile, rod‐shaped bacteria known for their metabolic versatility. Many strains of this species possess excellent capability to colonize plant roots, promoting plant growth in soils contaminated with toxic metals. P. fluorescens biotype F is a strain tolerant to arsenic which had been isolated previously from soil contaminated with arsenic and other toxic metals and characterized as a promoter of plant growth and accumulation of arsenic. In the present work we studied the protein profile of this strain together with the profile of a sensitive P. fluorescens CECT 378 in the presence and absence of sodium arsenate using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE). The gels were analyzed by PDQuest, while the statistical significance was proved by ANOVA. We found 9 differentially expressed proteins in the tolerant strain ‐ 4 new proteins, 4 upregulated proteins and 1 downregulated proteins in the presence of 1000 ppm As. In the non‐tolerant strain there were 7 differentially expressed proteins ‐ 1 new protein, 3 upregulated proteins and 3 downregulated proteins. The identification of the proteins with MALDI‐TOF is in progress.
RADIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL COUNTERMEASURES APPLIED IN RADIOCONTAMINATED FIELDS
Authors: Perepelyatnikov Georgy , Perepelyatnikova Lyudmila , Ivanova Tatyana , Kalynenko Lyudmila , Grytsyuk Nataliya , Zhurba Marina , Davydchuk Vasyl , Arapis Gerassimos
Published: January 2019

Implementation of agricultural countermeasures is one of the principal methods that allow to decrease irradiation doses. Summarizing available information about countermeasures and taking into account the experience in the elimination of the nuclear accident consequences, it is demonstrated that the most widespread countermeasures after the Chernobyl accident were soil ameliorations. These methods are simple, inexpensive and effective in reducing radionuclide transfer from the soil to agricultural crops. Among the above mentioned methods, agrotechnical countermeasures were the most applicable, decreasing the contamination of plant products up to 20 times. Radical and surface improvements of natural and semi‐natural meadows were carried out on a large scale on contaminated lands. The biggest decrease of vegetation contamination was observed after the radical improvement of meadows, with and without drainage, 43 and 16 times, respectively. Other effective measures are agrochemical methods. In fact the application of various fertilizers permitted to decrease the radioactive contamination of production averagely 2–3 times. Potassium fertilizers were the most effective for the decrease of 137Cs transfer to harvested crops. Application of sorbing minerals decreased 137Cs transfer to crops from a peaty soil up to 11 times, and from a sod‐podzolic soil up to 3 times. Moreover, these countermeasures increased the yield and improved the quality of products.
Non-equilibrium Ionization Effects on Extreme-ultraviolet Emissions Modulated by Standing Sausage Modes in Coronal Loops
Authors: Shi Mijie , Li Bo , Doorsselaere Tom Van , Chen Shao-Xia , Huang Zhenghua
Published: January 2019

Forward-modeling the emission properties in various passbands is important for confidently identifying magnetohydrodynamic waves in the structured solar corona. We examine how non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) affects the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emissions modulated by standing fast sausage modes (FSMs) in coronal loops, taking the Fe ix 171 Å and Fe xii 193 Å emission lines as examples. Starting with the expressions for linear FSMs in straight cylinders, we synthesize the specific intensities and spectral profiles for the two spectral lines by incorporating the self-consistently derived ionic fractions in the relevant contribution functions. We find that relative to the case where equilibrium ionization (EI) is assumed, NEI considerably impacts the intensity modulations, but shows essentially no effect on the Doppler velocities or widths. Furthermore, NEI may affect the phase difference between intensity variations and those in Doppler widths for Fe xii 193 Å when the line of sight is oblique to the loop axis. While this difference is 180° when EI is assumed, it is ∼90° when NEI is incorporated for the parameters we choose. We conclude that in addition to viewing angles and instrumental resolutions, NEI further complicates the detection of FSMs in spectroscopic measurements of coronal loops in the EUV passband.
Optical and Radio Transients after the Collapse of Super-Chandrasekhar White Dwarf Merger Remnants
Authors: Yu Yun-Wei , Chen Aming , Wang Bo
Published: January 2019

Super-Chandrasekhar remnants of double white dwarf mergers could sometimes collapse into a rapidly rotating neutron star (NS), accompanying with a mass ejection of a few times 0.01 M
⊙. Bright optical transient emission can be produced by the ejecta due to heating by radioactivities and particularly by energy injection from the NS. Since the merger remnants before collapse resemble a star evolving from the asymptotic giant branch phase to the planetary nebula phase, an intense dusty wind is considered to be driven about several thousand years ago before the collapse and surround the remnant at large radii. Therefore, the optical transient emission can be somewhat absorbed and scattered by the dusty wind, which can suppress the peak emission and cause a scattering plateau in optical light curves. Several years later, as the ejecta finally catches up with the wind material, the shock interaction between them can further give rise to a detectable radio transient emission on a timescale of several tens of days. Discovery of and observations to such dust-affected optical transients and shock-driven radio transients can help to explore the nature of super-Chandrasekhar merger remnants and as well as the density and type ratios of double white dwarf systems, which is beneficial in assessing their gravitational wave contributions.
Super-efficient Electron Acceleration by an Isolated Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Fu H. S. , Xu Y. , Vaivads A. , Khotyaintsev Y. V.
Published: January 2019

Magnetic reconnection—the process typically lasting for a few seconds in space—is able to accelerate electrons. However, the efficiency of the acceleration during such a short period is still a puzzle. Previous analyses, based on spacecraft measurements in the Earth’s magnetotail, indicate that magnetic reconnection can enhance electron fluxes up to 100 times. This efficiency is very low, creating an impression that magnetic reconnection is not good at particle acceleration. By analyzing Cluster data, we report here a remarkable magnetic reconnection event during which electron fluxes are enhanced by 10,000 times. Such acceleration, 100 times more efficient than those in previous studies, is caused by the betatron mechanism. Both reconnection fronts and magnetic islands contribute to the acceleration, with the former being more prominent.
Structural and Functional Outcome in Infants Treated With Cryotherapy for Threshold Retinopathy Between 1989 and 1999
Authors: Casteels Ingele , Verdonck Nancy , Allegaert Karel , Naulaers Gunnar , Devlieger Hugo
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Purpose: To assess visual outcome, funduscopic appearance, and refraction for infants treated with cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) between 1989 and 1999.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of premature infants with threshold ROP who were treated with cryotherapy.

Results: A total of 2146 premature infants were screened for ROP during the study period. Of the 66 infants who were subsequently treated for threshold ROP with cryotherapy, 58 infants had at least 1 year of follow-up and comprised the study population. After correcting for improved survival, the overall incidence of treated infants with cryotherapy increased during the study period. Comparison of infants treated from 1989 through 1995 (group 1; n=26) and 1996 through 1999 (group 2; n=32) showed group 2 infants had improved visual outcome, better funduscopic anatomic appearance, and decreased myopia.

Conclusion: Although the incidence of treated premature infants increased during the study period, visual outcome improved. The literature attributes improved visual and anatomical outcome to the use of the diode laser in the treatment of threshold ROP. In this study, the improved visual and anatomical results obtained with cryotherapy could be attributed in part to the development over the years of a milder type of retinopathy of prematurity and to earlier treatment of threshold ROP.

J.Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2003,40:7580.
Validation of Multicolor Imaging of Diabetic Retinopathy Lesions Vis a Vis Conventional Color Fundus Photographs
Authors: Roy Rupak , Saurabh Kumar , Thomas Nicey Roy , Chowdhury Maitreyi , Shah Dhaivat K.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the visibility of various diabetic retinopathy lesions in multicolor imaging (MCI) and compare them to corresponding color fundus photography (CFP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective review of 130 eyes of 65 consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy who underwent multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and CFP.

RESULTS:

Hard exudates (Hex) were seen in 74 eyes (71.2%). In all 74 eyes, Hex were visible on both CFP and MCI. Among other color channels, Hex were picked up most in green reflectance (GR) images in 73 eyes (70.2%). Cotton-wool spots (CWS) were picked up in 29 eyes (27.9%) on MCI and in 27 eyes (26%) on CFP. In both GR and blue reflectance (BR) imaging, they were equally picked up in 29 eyes (27.9%). Retinal hemorrhages were picked up in 83 eyes (79.8%) on MCI and in 82 eyes (72.8%) on CFP. Among other channels, they were picked up most in GR images in 81 (77.9%) eyes. Hex, CWS, and hemorrhages were seen better on MCI and in GR images as compared to CFP, BR, and infrared imaging, respectively. With CFP as the comparator, the sensitivity and specificity of MCI to detect of these lesions were more than 90%.

CONCLUSIONS:

The authors' pilot study validates the efficacy of MCI in picking up lesions of DR vis a vis CFP. MCI has potential to replace CFP in clinical and DR screening setting.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:8–15.]
Culture-Proven Endophthalmitis After Intravitreal Injection: A 10-Year Analysis
Authors: Simonett Joseph M. , Igelman Austin , Taylor Stanford C. , Campbell J. Peter , Hwang Thomas S. , Lin Phoebe , Lauer Andreas K. , Flaxel Christina J.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To report on the microbiology, management, and visual outcomes of intravitreal injection (IVI)-associated, culture-proven endophthalmitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

All patients seen at a tertiary referral center with culture-proven endophthalmitis associated with an IVI between June 2007 and July 2017 were included in this retrospective analysis.

RESULTS:

Thirty-five patients with culture-positive endophthalmitis following IVI were identified. All gram-positive organisms (34 of 35) were susceptible to vancomycin. Cases due to pathogens associated with oral or respiratory flora were common (31.4%, n = 11), presented earlier (2.0 days vs. 4.6 days,
P
< .001), were more likely to undergo pars plana vitrectomy (81.8% vs. 25.0%,
P
= .002) and had worse visual acuity outcomes.

CONCLUSION:

IVI-associated endophthalmitis pathogens and anti-microbial susceptibilities in the Pacific Northwest are similar to those reported from other geographic locations. Bacteria associated with the oral and respiratory flora are common isolates that result in a more aggressive course and worse visual outcomes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:33–38.]
Hyperreflective Vitreous Opacities on Optical Coherence Tomography in a Patient With Bilateral Retinoblastoma
Authors: Finn Avni P. , House Robert J. , Hsu S. Tammy , Thomas Akshay S. , El-Dairi Mays A. , Freedman Sharon , Materin Miguel A. , Vajzovic Lejla
Published: January 2019

An investigational, portable spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) unit revealed small hyperreflective opacities in both eyes of a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma. There was no evidence of vitreous seeding on ophthalmoscopy of either eye. Although the opacities may initially raise concern for potential vitreous seeding, this report suggests alternate potential etiologies for such opacities, which were also seen on imaging of a cohort of normal eyes in pediatric patients.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:50–52.]
Armas inglesas para don Carlos: el incidente de la Express Packet
Authors: Comesaña Paz Alfredo
Published: January 2019

En la Primera Guerra Carlista, el bando legitimista, en su desigual lucha contra el Estado isabelino, se vio lastrado por la falta de recursos. Una de las alternativas para paliar este problema fue la compra de armas en el exterior. La malograda misión de la balandra británica Express Packet —objeto de estudio de este trabajo—, constituye un incidente de indudable interés por varias razones. Por una parte, nos ofrece una visión de los entresijos del tráfico de armas al que hubo de recurrir el carlismo en el marco de la convulsa situación que vivía Portugal —país con una guerra similar a la que se desarrollaba en España y donde don Carlos María Isidro residía en un forzado retiro—. Por otra, desvela las intenciones del carlismo para, desde el norte de Portugal, lograr un alzamiento guerrillero de envergadura en Galicia que facilitase la entrada en España del titular de la dinastía carlista.
Con documentos procedentes, entre otras instituciones, de la Capitanía General de Galicia, este trabajo pretende dar a conocer información inédita y ahondar en los detalles que rodearon el apresamiento de la Express Packet y en las esperanzas carlistas depositadas en esta operación.
Con tierra de por medio: patrimonio, política y exilio de los Güell- Comillas en la España de entreguerras (1918-1945)
Authors: Faes Díaz Enrique , Riesco Roche Sergio
Published: January 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el período de entreguerras en España desde una óptica particular: la de cómo vivió esta procelosa época la casa Güell-Comillas, una de las grandes familias que construyó su patrimonio e influencia durante el siglo XIX. A partir de fuentes primarias diversas procedentes del Archivo Histórico Nacional, Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya, Centro Documental de la Memoria Histórica y Archivo del antiguo IRYDA, se estudia el papel desempeñado por Juan Antonio Güell López (tercer marqués de Comillas) y Juan Claudio Güell Churruca (conde de Ruiseñada) en la vida pública española durante el tracto cronológico de 1918 a 1945. Nos valemos de una combinación de prosopografía y acontecimiento histórico para aproximarnos al asunto tratando de observar la lógica interna del comportamiento de esta familia en una época que resultó especialmente conflictiva también para las élites. Las tensiones asociadas a la crisis de la Restauración, la Segunda República, la guerra civil y el primer franquismo no solo no alejaron a los Güell-Comilllas de su activismo económico y político, sino que los situaron en primer plano para participar, desde distintos lugares del arco conservador, de un tiempo tan complejo de forma muy activa y acomodaticia.
Sexualidad, desnudismo y moralidad en el anarquismo español de los años treinta: de los debates en la prensa a la aplicación de la ley del aborto durante la Guerra Civil Española
Authors: Lora Medina Alejandro
Published: January 2019

Este artículo tiene por objetivo el análisis de la visión anarquista de la sexualidad, el cuerpo, el desnudismo y la moral sexual, como conformadores de un nuevo individuo. Dichos debates, que encuentran en las publicaciones anarquistas el medio principal para su difusión, se basan necesariamente en los avances logrados en décadas anteriores en el campo de la medicina y en la extensión de una visión naturalista y armónica del cuerpo desnudo. El estudio forma parte de un análisis cuantitativo que muestra la defensa de una nueva ética sexual que moraliza el sexo como un comportamiento biológico saludable e introduce las bases para el debate posterior en las publicaciones anarquistas de la época: ¿procreación sin límites o anticoncepcionismo? Ambas corrientes trascendían el debate sexual para centrar la discusión en el modelo de sociedad que se construiría con la aplicación de cada una de estas opciones. Controversia que pareció, sin embargo, cerrarse parcialmente con la aprobación de la ley del aborto durante la Guerra Civil Española.
Tinnitus from the perspective of a patient
Authors: Maroto Domínguez Juan Andrés
Published: January 2019

I suffer from tinnitus since many years ago. I am one of millions with this rather incapacitating and adverse problem. In a similar way to many other patients, I reached the vast information existing in forums and websites, with an interest in analyzing, studying, and researching the subject of tinnitus. This allowed me to get insights into drugs ototoxicity, sound therapies, and counselling, as well as to implement tutorial videos. Thus, the main goal of this article is both to provide to other patients my own testimony as a tinnitus sufferer and to show to the tinnitus specialists the studies and research that have allowed me to suggest a musical neuromodulation therapy. Furthermore, a call to the therapeutic community is made about the necessity of implementing a common protocol of tinnitus treatment, both in primary and specialized care, with a special reference to the scientific community to continue researching on the mechanisms and future therapies of tinnitus.
Cadmium Induces Glomerular Endothelial Cell–Specific Expression of Complement Factor H via the −1635 AP-1 Binding Site
Authors: Chen Xiaocui , Li Liqun , Liu Fuhong , Hoh Josephine , Kapron Carolyn M. , Liu Ju
Published: January 2019

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxin that induces nephrotoxicity. Complement factor H (CFH), an inhibitor of complement activation, is involved in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of Cd on CFH production by the kidney. In C57B6/J mice, an increased CFH level was found in renal blood and glomerular endothelial cells after Cd treatment. In vitro, Cd induces an increased CFH secretion and mRNA expression in human renal glomerular endothelial cells but not in human podocytes or human mesangial cells. Cd activates the JNK pathway and increases c-Jun and c-Fos in human renal glomerular endothelial cells. A JNK inhibitor, SP600125, specifically abolishes Cd-induced CFH production. By chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and EMSA, the −1635 AP-1 motif on human CFH promoter was identified as the binding element for c-Jun and c-Fos. In a luciferase activity assay, mutation of the AP1 site eliminates Cd-induced increase of CFH promoter activity. Thus, the −1635 AP-1 motif on the CFH promoter region mediates Cd-inducible CFH gene expression.
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Basketball (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Basketball (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)
Authors: Clifton Daniel R. , Hertel Jay , Onate James A. , Currie Dustin W. , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Wasserman Erin B. , Knowles Sarah B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Comstock R. Dawn , Marshall Stephen W. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: January 2019

Context

The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of girls' and women's basketball injury data.

Objective

To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' basketball in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate women's basketball in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

Online injury surveillance from basketball teams in high school girls (annual average = 100) and collegiate women (annual average = 57).

Patients or Other Participants

Girls' and women's basketball players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Certified athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were calculated. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare injury rates by school size or division, time in season, event type, and competition level.

Results

The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 2930 time-loss injuries during 1 609 733 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 3887 time-loss injuries during 783 600 AEs. The injury rate was higher in college than in high school (4.96 versus 1.82/1000 AEs; IRR = 2.73; 95% CI = 2.60, 2.86). The injury rate was higher in competitions than in practices for both high school (IRR = 3.03; 95% CI = 2.82, 3.26) and collegiate (IRR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.86, 2.12) players. The most common injuries at both levels were ligament sprains, concussions, and muscle/tendon strains; the majority of injuries affected the ankle, knee, and head/face. These injuries were often caused by contact with another player or a noncontact mechanism.

Conclusions

Injury rates were higher in collegiate than in high school athletes and in competitions than in practices. Similarities in distributions of injuries by body parts, specific diagnoses, and mechanisms of injury suggest that both levels may benefit from similar injury-prevention strategies.
Treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: First line, maintenance and second line – Indian consensus statement update
Authors: Prabhash Kumar
Published: January 2019

The management of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is becoming increasingly complex with the identification of driver mutations/rearrangements and development/availability of appropriate targeted therapies. In 2017, an expert group of medical oncologists with expertise in treating lung cancer used data from published literature and experience to arrive at practical consensus recommendations on treatment of advanced NSCLC for use by the community oncologists. This was published subsequently in the Indian Journal of Cancer with a plan to be updated annually. The present document is an update to the 2017 document.
A retrospective analysis of the pattern of care and survival in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors
Authors: Agarwal Reshu , Rajanbabu Anupama , Keechilattu Pavithran , Nair Indu R. , Vijaykumar D. K. , Unnikrishnan U. G.
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the pattern of care and survival outcome in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs). Materials and Methods: Between January 2004 and August 2017, 50 patients with MOGCT were identified at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and 48 included in analyses. Histologic subtypes were as follows: dysgerminoma 11; immature teratoma 16; yolk sac tumor 3; and mixed germ cell tumor 18. 31 (64.6% patients belonged to Stage I and 17 (35.4%) patients were advanced stage (Stage II-IV). Results: Median follow-up period was 34 months (range: 1–241 months). The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort were 87.5% and 94.4%, respectively. DFS and OS of incomplete surgery Stage I patients 28.6% and 68.6%, respectively, were significantly lower than completely staged patients 100%. Out of 8 incomplete surgery patients, 5 recurred of which 2 died of disease within 4 and 9 months of recurrence. There was no survival difference with comprehensive surgical staging (CSS) and pediatric surgical staging (PSS) in Stage I MOGCT (DFS and OS 100%). Stage I dysgerminoma kept on active surveillance after PSS had equivalent survival of 100%. There was no survival difference in advanced stage MOGCT treated with primary debulking surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by fertility-sparing surgery (DFS and OS 100%). Conclusion: Incomplete surgery in Stage I MOGCT was associated with poor survival. There was no survival difference with CSS and PSS. NAC followed by surgery could be a reasonable option for patients of advanced stage MOGCT.
La Educomunicación en el contexto de alfabetización de personas jóvenes y adultas en América Latina: estado de la cuestión a partir de una revisión bibliográfica sistemática
Authors: Sena Rivas Wiselis Rosanna , Casillas Martín Sonia , Barrientos Báez Almudena , Cabezas González Marcos
Published: January 2019

Introducción: La presente investigación presenta una Revisión Sistemática Bibliográfica sobre la producción científica que relaciona la Educación y la Comunicación con la Alfabetización Básica de Personas Jóvenes y Adultas en América Latina. Metodología: Revisión Sistemática Bibliográfica a partir de un análisis cuantitativo, con una breve aproximación cualitativa, de carácter descriptivo. Resultados: Se realizan 672 búsquedas entre las bases de datos WOS y SCOPUS. Destaca que Brasil y México son los países que más se toman como objeto de estudio. En términos genéricos se observa una baja producción científica en el ámbito estudiado, especialmente cuando los criterios de búsqueda restringen el objeto de estudio. En cuanto al tipo de artículo encontrado, existe diversidad al momento de difundir investigaciones sobre esta temática, pero se puede aventurar un prototipo. Discusión y conclusiones: Tras realizarse 672 búsqueda y encontrarse inicialmente 5.420 resultados, una vez acotados al objeto de estudio, se concluye una producción científica muy baja, en las que predominan principalmente técnicas metodológicas mixtas, con poblaciones coincidentes con países y muestras de conveniencia; se encuentran preferentemente investigaciones de carácter exploratorio y de temática heterogénea. Brasil es el país que más destaca como objeto de estudio y, salvo excepciones, existe cierta correlación entre las investigaciones realizadas por países -tomados como objeto de estudio- y su Producto Interior Bruto. Por último, se concluye que existe una investigación-tipo sobre los artículos que abordan trabajos relacionados con la Educomunicación y las personas jóvenes y adultas en América Latina.
Adolescentes, redes sociales y universos transmedia: la alfabetización mediática en contextos participativos
Authors: De la Fuente Prieto Julián , Lacasa Díaz Pilar , Martínez-Borda Rut
Published: January 2019

Introducción. Analiza los procesos de alfabetización mediática de los jóvenes a través decomunidades de prácticas en contextos participativos y mediante el uso de discursos digitales queposibilitan la creación de universos transmedia. Metodología. Combina técnica de recogida de datoscualitativos mediante la investigación-acción, la etnografía virtual y los métodos visuales. Resultados.Reconstruyen el sistema de actividad de un taller de creación audiovisual dirigido a adolescentes entre8 y 14 años en un laboratorio ciudadano. Conclusiones. Reflexiona sobre las estrategias no formalesde educación mediática, los roles que adoptan los jóvenes como usuarios de redes sociales y la creaciónde contenidos transmedia basados en la experiencia de mundos narrativos.
African metaphysics and religious ethics
Authors: Molefe Motsamai
Published: January 2019

Scholars of African moral thought reject the possibility of an African religious ethics by invoking at least three major reasons. The first objection to ‘ethical supernaturalism’1 argues that it is part of those aspects of African culture that are ‘anachronistic’ insofar as they are superstitious rather than rational; as such, they should be jettisoned. The second objection points out that ethical supernaturalism is incompatible with the utilitarian approach to religion that typically characterises some African peoples’ orientation to it.2 The last objection argues that religious ethics by their very nature require the feature (of revelation), which is generally lacking in African religious experiences. The facet of revelation is crucial for a religious ethics since it solves the epistemological problem of knowing the will of God or the content of morality. In this article, I construct a vitality-based African religious moral theory; and, I argue that it can successfully meet these objections.Keywords: Ethical naturalism, Ethical supernaturalism, Humanism, Metaphysics, Religious ethics, Vitality
Evaluación formativa de las redes de colaboración del Centro de Excelencia en Enseñanza y Aprendizaje en Objetos de Aprendizaje (Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning in Reusable Learning Objects - RLO-CETL): la visión del primer año
Authors: Morales Raquel , Carmichael Patrick
Published: January 2019

El Centro de Excelencia en Enseñanza y Aprendizaje en Objetos de Aprendizaje es un proyecto de 5 años (2005-2010) con personal de 3 universidades inglesas (London Metropolitan University, Cambridge University y University of Nottingham) que colaboran en un programa de desarrollo, despliegue y evaluación de una serie de objetos de aprendizaje que se pueden almacenar en repositorios, se pueden aceder por la web, e integrarse en la enseñanza presencial. Una de las metas del RLO-CETL es facilitar procesos sostenibles y reproducibles que permitan la colaboración en el sector de la enseñanza universitaria, y por ello, como parte de la evaluación interna formativa del RLO-CETL, nos concierne analizar el carácter, limites y evolución del Centro, y cómo éste se desarrolla en relacción con los contextos, prioridades y estructuras individuales e institucionales. En esta artículo presentamos algunos resultados de la tarea de confeccionar 'mapas de redes' en la que 28 participantes del primer año (incluyendo profesores universitarios, tutores, estudiantes, tecnólogos, administradores, evaluadores y directores del RLO-CETL) representan y hablan sobre le red de personas con las que comunican. Hay aspectos de los mapas que indican como la red del RLO-CETL interacciona y se solapa con redes institucionales e individuales.
La Red de Evaluación Formativa, Docencia Universitaria y Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Presentación del proyecto, grado de desarrollo y primeros resultados
Authors: López Pastor Víctor M. , Martínez Luis Fernando , Julián Clemente José Antonio
Published: January 2019

En septiembre de 2005 pusimos en marcha una Red de Evaluación Formativa en la Docencia Universitaria para desarrollar sistemas e instrumentos de evaluación formativa en la docencia universitaria y la incorporación de metodologías docentes potenciadoras del aprendizaje autónomo del estudiante universitario. Actualmente, dicha Red está constituida por cuarenta y ocho personas de quince universidades diferentes y desarrolla un proyecto de investigación educativa sobre dicha temática. La finalidad principal del proyecto es diseñar, desarrollar y poner en práctica sistemas de evaluación formativa adaptados al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). En este artículo presentamos: a- los principales objetivos de dicha Red y del Proyecto de Investigación Docente que estamos realizando a lo largo de los cursos académicos 2005-06 y 2006-07; b- el proceso de trabajo y la metodología utilizada; c-los aspectos básicos de los sistemas de evaluación que desarrollamos acerca de la Evaluación Formativa y Compartida. Por último, indicamos también los primeros resultados obtenidos, organizados en tres categorías: ventajas, dificultades y aspectos-clave a considerar.