bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Preheating on the Rheological Properties of Rejuvenated Asphalt Binder
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Hainian , Tighe Susan , Zhao Guangyuan , You Zhanping
Published: March 2019

Hot in-place recycling (HIR) is a process that reuses reclaimed asphalt materials to benefit the environment and conserve natural resources. HIR has not yet been widely applied in China because of technical drawbacks such as reclaimed materials’ fatigue properties and poor cracking resistance. Preheating is the first procedure in HIR and significantly affects the diffusion of rejuvenators within the aged asphalt and the remixing of virgin and aged mixtures. This study focuses on the effects of preheating on the rheological properties of rejuvenated asphalt binder using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) testing. Three types of rejuvenators (Reju-A, Reju-B and Reju-C), three types of base asphalt binder (#50, #70, and #90), recovered asphalt from recycled asphalt pavement, and laboratory-aged asphalt were investigated to analyze the rheological properties under different heating conditions. The results show that (1) rejuvenators contain little in the way of viscous characteristics and have a viscosity-reducing effect on aged asphalt; (2) field-aged asphalt loses cohesion and gains rutting resistance during aging; and (3) preheating has a significant effect on diffusion of rejuvenators within aged asphalt as well as on rheological properties. In short, a good controlled preheating operation is critical to the quality of the asphalt rejuvenation process.
Implementing Low-Stress Bicycle Routing in National Accessibility Evaluation
Authors: Murphy Brendan , Owen Andrew
Published: March 2019

The growth of bicycling and bicycle network facilities in the United States warrants assessment of whether bicycle networks give populations safe access to valuable destinations, that is, a bicycle network must be sufficiently both safe and useful. The Bicycle Level of Traffic Stress metric is adapted to assign traffic stress values to street segments and intersections based on OpenStreetMap data, and cumulative job opportunity accessibility calculations are performed on the reduced, low-stress bicycle networks. Four metropolitan areas were analyzed: Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN; Miami, FL; Seattle, WA; and Washington, D.C. An “access gap” metric was proposed, comparing low-stress accessibility with higher-stress accessibility, as a way to gauge how much a city’s bicycle network could be improved through upgrading its higher-stress bicycle facilities. Accessibility was aggregated over a variety of geographic areas, including Core-Based Statistical Areas, municipal boundaries, and neighborhoods, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed analysis framework to a wide variety of scenarios. It was found that, generally, restricting bicycle travel to only low-stress networks results in universal reductions in accessibility, which vary in magnitude between metropolitan areas, and between neighborhoods within a given metropolitan area. Practical applications of a traffic stress-informed bicycle accessibility analysis framework are discussed.
Hemoadsorption in isolated conjugated hyperbilirubinemia after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Cholestasis of sepsis: A case report and review of the literature on differential causes of jaundice in ICU patient
Authors: Piwowarczyk Paweł , Kutnik Paweł , Potręć-Studzińska Beata , Sysiak-Sławecka Justyna , Rypulak Elżbieta , Borys Michał , Czczuwar Mirosław
Published: March 2019

Hyperbilirubinemia occurs in up to 40% of critically ill. In ICU, hyperbilirubinemia is an independent factor that influences patients’ morbidity and mortality. Jaundice can reflect the course of disease or be caused by treatment (e.g. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), thus can be difficult to differentiate. Sepsis was also associated with development of jaundice secondary to intrahepatic cholestasis. Prolonged cholestasis should be addressed to avoid liver damage. The patient with diagnosis of septic shock and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome was retrieved to our hospital for ECMO. Three days after initiation of ECMO, the patient developed jaundice, with increase of bilirubin, Gamma-glutamyltransferase and Alkaline phosphatase, without elevation of alanine aminotransferase and INR. Although ECMO was stopped, bilirubin serum levels were increasing, reaching the peak of 18.41 mg/dL of total and 15.67 mg/dL of direct bilirubin. Abdominal computed tomography showed homogeneous liver and non-dilated bile ducts. Viral hepatitis was excluded. CIOMS/RUCAM score was 0. Sepsis-related cholestasis was diagnosed. Despite cessation of sedation, the patient remained unconscious. Hemoadsorption therapy was initiated due to prolonged high levels of conjugated bilirubin. After 48 h of CytoSorb treatment, total bilirubin level was decreased to 2.4 mg/dL, the patient regained spontaneous eyes opening and could be transferred to regional hospital. Hyperbilirubinemia did not return in 3 months. Sepsis-related cholestasis is a diagnosis of exclusion that should be considered in case of jaundice in critically ill patients. In our patient, CytoSorb was a useful therapeutic option in prolonged cholestasis. Adsorption therapy was able to facilitate long-term regain of balance between inflammatory process, cytokine production and bilirubin turnover in the liver.
Additional hemoperfusion is associated with improved overall survival and self-reported sleep disturbance in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Gu Yan Hong , Yang Xiu Hong , Pan Li Hua , Zhan Xiao Li , Guo Li Li , Jin Hui Min
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Patients with maintenance hemodialysis have experienced long-standing sleep disturbance. In this study, we attempted to explore whether long-term hemoperfusion could improve sleep and increase the overall survival in hemodialysis patients.

Methods:

A total of 158 patients, who underwent routine hemodialysis, were assessed in this study. These patients were computer-matched into two groups, with one group including 80 patients with absolute hemodialysis and the other consisting of 78 cases with hemodialysis in combination with hemoperfusion. Hemoperfusion was performed 1–2 times biweekly, with each session lasting 2 h. Self-reported sleep disturbance was evaluated before and after the observational time (2-year period); sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Findings:

Using multivariate regression analyses, we found sleep duration was associated with age, diabetes, low income, pruritus, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, high parathyroid hormone, and hemoglobin ( P < 0.001). The overall survival rate of the hemodialysis in combination with hemoperfusion group was significantly higher than that of the absolute hemodialysis group ( P < 0.05) after adjusting for sex, age, and diabetes. A 2-year hemoperfusion therapy was associated with improved sleep disturbance and sleep efficiency; this was accompanied by an increase in nocturnal melatonin levels. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the first hospitalization between the hemodialysis and hemodialysis in combination with hemoperfusion groups ( P < 0.01).

Discussion:

Our results indicated that hemoperfusion in combination with hemodialysis is associated with an increase in the overall survival and improved sleep disorders in hemodialysis patients.
Successful pregnancy in double factor infertility: Sperm in vitro culture by modified testicular fine-needle aspiration
Authors: Cito Gianmartin , Coccia Maria Elisabetta , Bertocci Francesco , Picone Rita , Cocci Andrea , Fucci Rossella , Basile Valentina , Micelli Elisabetta , Criscuoli Luciana , Serni Sergio , Carini Marco , Natali Alessandro
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Infertility may depend up to 27% of couples on both partners. In patients with obstructive azoospermia, testicular fine-needle aspiration represents a good option to retrieve spermatozoa, in order to perform an assisted reproductive treatment. In vitro maturation of testicular spermatozoa could be the better choice of treatment in view of the increased motility, improving fertilization and pregnancy rates.

Case description:

A 34-year-old azoospermic man and his 33-year-old partner referred for treatment of simultaneous male and female infertility factor. The woman presented a diminished ovarian reserve, with serum follicle stimulating hormone value of 27.15 IU/L. The man underwent trans-rectal and testicular ultrasounds that detected the congenital absence of proximal vas deferens on the right side and the absence of seminal vesicle and distal vas deferens on the left side. We proposed a chance to have their own biological child. The man underwent modified testicular fine-needle aspiration using a 18-gauge butterfly needle. Sperm retrieval was successful with 0.001 × 106 spermatozoa/mL and absence of motility. Testicular sperm suspension was cultured for 24 h to identify sperm viability, achieving 10% of sperm motility. Two metaphase II oocytes were retrieved and processed with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Clinical pregnancy with live birth was obtained.

Conclusion:

Performing modified testicular fine-needle aspiration increases successful sperm retrieval. Testicular sperm in vitro culture for 24 h proved to be a real and practical technique to increase sperm motility, in order to select mature and viable spermatozoa and improve successful intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes.
Chrono-Nutrition: The Relationship between Time-of-Day Energy and Macronutrient Intake and Children’s Body Weight Status
Authors: Vilela Sofia , Oliveira Andreia , Severo Milton , Lopes Carla
Published: March 2019

The time of eating has been considered to have an important role in weight regulation. However, it is unknown if there are specific daily patterns of energy and macronutrient distribution that could be more beneficial for metabolic outcomes, especially obesity. This study aimed to assess the effect of time-of-day energy and macronutrient intake at 4 y of age on the weight status at 7 y of age. The study sample included 1961 children from the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, with data on 3-day food diaries at 4 y and body mass index (BMI) z-scores at 7 y. Dietary patterns based on the collected data were obtained for the distribution of energy and macronutrients across eating occasions. Having a relatively higher energy intake at lunch and supper (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) or at mid-afternoon (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) at 4 y was associated with higher odds of becoming overweight/obese at 7 y. A relatively higher intake of fat at lunch was positively associated with later children’s odds for being overweight or obese (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.32). These associations were independent of the effect on children’s eating behaviors related to appetite. Our results also show a detrimental relation between skipping breakfast and eating late in the day and children’s body weight. Considering all daily eating occasions, a higher proportion of energy and macronutrient intake at the main meals and a lower proportion during the afternoon and evening seems to be more beneficial for children’s weight. These results emphasize the important role of daily food intake rhythm on excessive weight gain in childhood.
Delayed Lactogenesis II is Associated With Lower Sleep Efficiency and Greater Variation in Nightly Sleep Duration in the Third Trimester
Authors: Casey Theresa , Sun Hui , Burgess Helen J. , Crodian Jennifer , Dowden Shelley , Cummings Shelby , Plaut Karen , Haas David , Zhang Lingsong , Ahmed Azza
Published: March 2019

Background:

Metabolic and hormonal disturbances are associated with sleep disturbances and delayed onset of lactogenesis II.

Research aims:

The aim of this study was to measure sleep using wrist actigraphy during gestation weeks 22 and 32 to determine if sleep characteristics were associated with blood glucose, body mass index, gestational related disease, delayed onset of lactogenesis II, or work schedule.

Methods:

Demographic data were collected at study intake from primiparous women who wore a wrist actigraph during gestation weeks 22 ( n = 50) and 32 ( n = 44). Start and end sleep time, total nighttime sleep, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep fragmentation were measured. Night to night variability was assessed with the root mean square of successive difference. Blood glucose levels, body mass index, and gestational disease data were abstracted from medical charts. Timing of lactogenesis II was determined by survey.

Results:

Between gestation week 22 and 32, sleep efficiency decreased and fragmentation increased ( p < .05). During gestation week 32, blood glucose was negatively correlated with sleep duration, and positively related to fragmentation ( p < .05). Women who experienced delayed lactogenesis II had lower sleep efficiency and greater fragmentation ( p < .05), and greater night-to-night variability in sleep start and end time, efficiency, and duration during gestation week 32 ( p < .05).

Conclusion:

Women with better sleep efficiency and more stable nightly sleep time are less likely to experience delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Interventions to improve sleep may improve maternal health and breastfeeding adequacy.
Neutropenia-Associated Outcomes in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy With Reduced Doses of Pegfilgrastim
Authors: Moore Donald C. , Gebru Tsion , Pellegrino Annie , Fasan Adenike , Patel Jolly , Ringley J. Tanner
Published: March 2019

Background:

Pegfilgrastim can be utilized to prevent neutropenia-associated complications in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy for breast cancer. A common adverse event associated with pegfilgrastim is bone pain. Clinicians may opt to reduce the dose of pegfilgrastim when administering it to patients with previous severe or refractory bone pain. There is limited and conflicting evidence with regard to the safety and efficacy of this practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of administering reduced doses of pegfilgrastim on neutropenia-associated outcomes in patients with breast cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted at a large, multistate health system with several different medical oncology practice sites. The primary outcome was the incidence of febrile neutropenia. Secondary outcomes included the incidence and severity of neutropenia, hospitalization for febrile, use of intravenous antimicrobials for febrile, delays in chemotherapy or dose reductions in chemotherapy secondary to neutropenia or febrile, rationale for dose reduction of pegfilgrastim, and improvement in bone pain.

Results:

A total of 80 patients received reduced dose pegfilgrastim. Most patients had their doses reduced secondary to bone pain (54%) or leukocytosis (14%). One (1.25%) patient experienced febrile neutropenia that did not require hospitalization or intravenous antimicrobials. Chemotherapy treatment delays and dose reductions secondary to neutropenia or febrile neutropenia occurred in 1 (1.25%) and 2 (2.5%) patients, respectively.

Conclusion:

Reduced doses of pegfilgrastim in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy for breast cancer resulted in a low incidence of neutropenia-associated events, including febrile neutropenia and grade 3/4 neutropenia.
A case with good response to belimumab for lupus nephritis complicated by IgG4-related disease
Authors: Yamamoto M , Aochi S , Suzuki C , Nakamura S , Murakami R , Ogawa Y , Takahashi H
Published: March 2019

Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an unusual complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report a case in which belimumab proved efficacious for not only SLE, but also IgG4-RD. A 58-year-old Japanese woman had suffered from photodermatosis and erythema on the limbs for 20 years. She presented in slight fever and fatigue since 2016. Laboratory data showed hypergammaglobulinemia, proteinuria and positive results for anti-nuclear antibody and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody. Furthermore, elevated levels of serum IgG4 were detected. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography disclosed multiple areas of poor enhancement in the kidneys. The patient was diagnosed with lupus nephritis and IgG4-RD from renal biopsy. Treatment was started with prednisolone at 40 mg/day and mycophenolate mofetil. Proteinuria and serological findings improved initially, but tapering the dose of glucocorticoid proved difficult. After treatment was started with belimumab, clinical symptoms and proteinuria resolved completely. The dose of glucocorticoid was successfully tapered and serum concentration of IgG4 fell further. This appears to represent the first report of a case in which both SLE and IgG4-RD were effectively treated using belimumab.
Social-Facilitation-and-Impairment Effects: From Motivation to Cognition and the Social Brain
Authors: Belletier Clément , Normand Alice , Huguet Pascal
Published: March 2019

For more than a century, social psychologists have been trying to understand how the presence of conspecifics—perhaps the most fundamental invariant of behavior in many, if not all, animal species—affects behavior. Although this issue, traditionally referred to using the term social-facilitation-and-impairment effects, has generated much interest, the impact of social presence on attentional mechanisms—especially those related to executive attention—has been mostly ignored, as have the neural bases of these phenomena. Here, we describe a series of findings indicating that social presence may have strong effects on attentional mechanisms and may even play a key role in the modulation of neuronal activity. Not only do these findings provide new reasons to pay constant attention to the social environment of cognition, but they also have important implications for the practice of psychological science.
Refugees as/at risk: The gendered and racialized underpinnings of securitization in British media narratives
Authors: Gray Harriet , Franck Anja K
Published: March 2019

It is well established in the literature that migration has become increasingly securitized. In this article, we examine the racialized and gendered grids of intelligibility that make securitizing moves possible in the migration context. Specifically, we argue that the securitization of migration during the so-called EU refugee crisis comes into being through intertwined and mutually dependent representations of racialized, masculinized threat and racialized, feminized vulnerability, which are woven into the scaffolding of colonial modernity. We construct our argument through an analysis of relevant newspaper articles published in British newspapers between September 2015 and March 2016. Accordingly, our discussion advances understandings of the dominant narratives through which the ‘refugee crisis’ has been understood. In addition, in highlighting the naturalized inequalities that underpin securitizing speech acts, the article also contributes to literature that seeks to add an improved understanding of power to securitization theory.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Enforcement at the Occupational Safety and Health Administration: The First Twenty-Five Years
Authors: Mitchell Amber Hogan , Pannell Michael A. , Arbury Sheila , Thomas Richard , Hodgson Michael J.
Published: March 2019

Bloodborne pathogen exposures continue to be an occupational health concern of high importance. It is uncertain whether national regulations and enforcement have an impact on employer action for reducing risk. The goal of this research was to determine whether citations issued under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s Bloodborne Pathogens Standard changed over time given these changing risks and controls. Researchers analyzed 31,066 inspections. There were 77,142 citations issued between 1991 and 2015. The highest frequency is the time period just after revisions of the 2001 standard. There were striking levels of noncompliance, most evident in Exposure Control Plan and Recordkeeping violations. No other pattern or change was evident. In the time periods after 2005, numbers of citations remained steady or declined. As new bloodborne pathogens emerge annually, it is essential to continue to focus on enforcing the standard to keep employers in compliance and workers protected.
Key Push and Pull Factors Affecting Return to Work Identified by Patients With Long-Term Pain and General Practitioners in Sweden
Authors: Lundberg Tove , Melander Stina
Published: March 2019

Research shows that working is positive for people with long-term pain but that work-related support from health professionals is inadequate. One explanation for this inadequacy is that patients and providers differ in terms of perspectives on motivation to work. In this article, we compare factors that 31 patients and 15 general practitioners consider important to promote return to work for people with long-term pain. We analyzed the interviews with thematic analysis and a motivational push and pull framework to cover different motivational factors, societal and individual, that might push or pull patients from or toward work. Providers said that a difference between working and nonworking patients is their level of individual motivation, while the patients’ stories showed that the main difference was the physical (non)ability to push themselves to work. We suggest that work-related support can be improved by addressing such differences in clinical practice.
Sibling Relationships Over the Life Course: Growing Up With a Disability
Authors: Avieli Hila , Band-Winterstein Tova , Araten Bergman Tal
Published: March 2019

The research explores sibling relationships, and the ways in which they are shaped over the life course by family members, in families with a lifelong disability. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 family units including a parent, a sibling, and an adult sibling with a disability. The content analysis revealed five sibling relationship patterns: (a) “Not a child, but a parent caretaker”—the parent–surrogate sibling; (b) “We somehow grew apart”—the estranged sibling; (c) “It is important for me to maintain some kind of distance”—the bystander sibling; (d) “When there’s something they want to tell him, they always send me”—the mediator sibling; and (e) “I love him to death”—the friend sibling. These patterns of adult sibling relationships are discussed in relation to family dynamics, values, and legacies; recommendations for practice and research are made.
Trauma and Relationship Strain: Oral Histories With World Trade Center Disaster Responders
Authors: Hammock Amy C. , Dreyer Rebecca E. , Riaz Mishal , Clouston Sean A. P. , McGlone Ashlee , Luft Benjamin
Published: March 2019

Existing models of couple functioning after trauma are primarily based on the experiences of returning military veterans. In this study, we conducted thematic analysis of a purposive sample of 49 oral histories of responders to the 9/11/01 terrorist attacks to understand how they navigated life with their spouses after the response experience. Use of multiple coders and analytic matrices increased analytic rigor. In the sample, 34.7% disclosed a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and another 22.7% mentioned experiencing at least one trauma symptom. Most responders had not sought mental health intervention, relying instead on their spouses’ caregiving. Responders reported limited disclosure to their spouses about the details of their 9/11/01 response work, which may have helped them cope emotionally with repeated 9/11/01 clean-up duties. Shared values regarding the common good and patriotism were important for maintaining an intimate relationship after 9/11/01, and helping partners understand and feel understood by each other.
Second workshop on enactive approaches to mind in health and disease
Authors: Fiebich Anika
Published: March 2019

From 22 January 2019 to 24 January 2019, the 4E Cognition Group held the “Second Workshop on Enactive Approaches to Mind in Health and Disease” at Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas (IIMAS) in Mexico City, Mexico. The aim of the workshop was to discuss different kinds of mental impairments from an enactive stance, potentially contrasted with the basis of healthy mental processes and with other views of cognition.
Social Media and Participation in Different Socio-political Contexts: Cases of Estonia and Finland
Authors: Allaste Airi-Alina , Saari Kari
Published: March 2019

Today’s young people are engaging in politicized activities and are more attuned to the concerns of their own generation, as opposed to issues more relevant to their parents. Youth political activism takes a less overt and more individualized approach, and young people today are enthusiastic about online participation and engaging in it in different ways.

This article adds to the growing discussion that focuses on connections between social media use and non-institutional youth political participation. The article focuses on the meaning that young people attribute to their own social media participation in two countries—Estonia and Finland—taking into account the impact of the wider social context. The empirical part of the study relies on material collected within the framework of the large-scale European project MYPLACE. The in-depth micro-level analysis is primary based on interviews with young people from Estonia and Finland, contextualized by diverse survey data.
Efficacy of management for obstruction caused by precipitated medication or lipids in central venous access devices: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Li-yuan , Xue Hui , Yuan Hua , Liu Shu-xiang , Zhang Xiu-ying
Published: March 2019

At present, central venous access devices (CVADs) are widely used in clinical practice. The reasons for CVAD obstruction caused by precipitated medication or lipids are increasingly complex. However, there is no clear treatment program for CVAD obstruction caused by precipitated medication or lipids. The target of this study was to analyze data regarding obstruction caused by precipitated medication or lipids in CVADs and to calculate the efficacy of different treatment methods. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in alignment with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and China National Knowledge Internet databases were searched for original research published before 2018. There were 1356 publications initially screened, with one additional study identified through snowballing. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The reasons for obstruction, except for clot formation, primarily included the following: mechanical complications; lipid deposition; mineral deposition; or drug precipitation. Meta-analysis showed that sodium hydroxide resulted in the highest recanalization rate in lipid deposition, followed by ethanol, and the difference was significant. The efficacy analysis revealed that hydrochloric acid and l-cysteine have similar effects on mineral deposition and drug precipitation. According to this review, the most effective methodology was shown to be the intravenous perfusion of sodium hydroxide in several treatments when the obstruction is caused by lipid deposition. In contrast, mineral deposition and drug deposition are best treated with l-cysteine to recover the patency of central venous access devices.
A modified approach for ultrasound-guided axillary venipuncture in the infraclavicular area: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Yao Minmin , Xiong Wanxia , Xu Liying , Ge Feng
Published: March 2019

Background:

Catheterization of the axillary vein in the infraclavicular area has important advantages in patients with long-term, indwelling central venous catheters. The two most commonly used ultrasound-guided approaches for catheterization of the axillary vein include the long-axis/in-plane approach and the short-axis/out-of-plane approach, but there are certain drawbacks to both approaches. We have modified a new approach for axillary vein catheterization: the oblique-axis/in-plane approach.

Methods:

This observational study retrospectively collected data from patients who underwent ultrasound-guided placement of an axillary vein infusion port in the infraclavicular area at the Central Venous Access Clinics of Zhongshan Hospital at Fudan University between March 2014 and May 2017. The patients’ demographic data, success rate of catheterization, venous catheterization site, and immediate complications associated with catheterization were recorded.

Results:

Between March 2014 and May 2017, a total of 858 patients underwent placement of an axillary vein infusion port in the infraclavicular area at our center. The ultrasound-guided oblique-axis/in-plane approach was used for all patients, and the venipuncture success rate was 100%. Two cases of accidental arterial puncture and one case of local hematoma formation were reported, and no other complications, such as pneumothorax or nerve damage, were reported.

Conclusion:

The ultrasound-guided oblique-axis/in-plane approach is a safe and reliable alternative to the routine ultrasound-guided approach for axillary venous catheterization.
Scattering-Angle-Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography of a Hypoxic Mouse Retina Model
Authors: Gardner Michael R , Rahman Ayesha S , Milner Thomas E , Rylander Henry G
Published: March 2019

Several studies have noted a correlation between retinal degeneration and traumatic encephalopathy (TE) making the retina a leading candidate for detection and assessment. Scattering-angle-resolved optical coherence tomography (SAR-OCT) is a candidate imaging modality to detect sub-resolution changes in retinal microstructure. SAR-OCT images of murine retinas that experience a hypoxic insult—euthanasia by isoflurane overdose—are presented. A total of 4 SAR-OCT measurement parameters are reported in 6 longitudinal experiments: blood flow volume fraction, total retinal thickness, reflectance index, and scattering angle. As each mouse expires, blood flow volume fraction decreases, total retinal thickness increases, reflectance index decreases, and scattering angle diversity increases. Contribution of the retinal vasculature to scattering angle diversity is discussed. Results of this study suggest the utility of SAR-OCT to measure TE using scattering angle diversity contrast in the retina.
Seeing the invisible: Theorising connections between informal and formal musical knowledge
Authors: Carroll Christine Leanne
Published: March 2019

This article explores the perceived disconnect between informal and formal musical knowledge, through a focused case study which aligned students’ informal knowledge with aspects of the formal curriculum. The upper high school or senior secondary student participants had a background in the creation and performance of popular and contemporary music, and already possessed well-developed informal and aural-based learning skills. Using a latter phase of Green’s (2008) informal learning research as a starting point, the students completed two written tasks: a scoring or transcription exercise, and an analysis report using the music “elements” or “concepts” framework of the syllabus. Legitimation Code Theory (LCT), was utilised in the theoretical appraisal of themes emerging from the study. Employing one LCT dimension known as Semantics, which explores the context-dependence and complexity of knowledge, a range of knowledge types were observed. These made visible points of connection and disconnection between the students’ informal knowledge and the formal knowledge required to complete the tasks. The study highlights the limitations of informal knowledge as a sole basis for formal knowledge construction, but equally unveils points of connection between the two, important in informing teacher facilitation, and, much needed in curriculum reform.
Towards a political concept of reversibility in international relations: Bridging political philosophy and policy studies
Authors: Behr Hartmut
Published: March 2019

While contingency and negation are relatively well-established notions in the theoretical analysis of international relations, their practical implications remain under-conceptualised. In order to discuss the question of how to act under conditions of contingency and negation, this article, in a first step, triangulates both with Aristotelian noesis. Such triangulation suggests that the consequences of political action cannot be predicted and always have inadvertent consequences due to the contingent and historically and intellectually negated and refutable (even self-refutable) character of politics. It therefore appears as irresponsible to enact policies with interminable consequences. Rather, responsible political action — which is responsible precisely as, and only if, it accounts for contingency and negation — must hence act only in such a way that its consequences are reversible. In a second step, policy theory is critically reviewed in light of reversibility and its underlying philosophical principles, trying to bridge political philosophy and policy studies for a mutually enriched analysis of politics. Such a bridging exercise not only brings enhanced normative reflection into policy studies, but also, in reverse, hints at the crucial aspect of the non-linear unfolding of action consequences, which is, in addition to questions for a future research agenda, discussed in the concluding section. These discussions are understood as a twofold, yet interlinked, contribution: first, to develop a concept of reversibility as a practical response to the philosophical notions of contingency and negation; and, second, to bridge two different paradigms, encouraging the synergy of scholarly expertise for the management of contemporary international and global problems.
Knowledge in action: Negotiating power in development
Authors: Keahey Jennifer
Published: March 2019

How can sociopolitical theories inform participatory action research and what are the implications for development? I answer this question by reflecting on a research, training, and networking project that I conducted with small-scale rooibos tea farmers in postapartheid South Africa. My research team was comprised of community-based farmer leaders who sought representation in an industry marked by acute inequalities. Guided by Freire’s theory of conscientization, we employed a multi-paradigmatic framework to address questions pertaining to governance and identity. Theoretical training enabled my team to systematically interrogate differential power dynamics, illuminating the sociopolitical terrain. In return my co-investigators taught me to embrace a more situated understanding of power, helping us to shift the relations of research and practice. Yet we were unable to scale up outcomes due to material barriers, suggesting that knowledge alone is not power. Our experience illustrates the limitations of conscientization as a model for participatory development as well as its potential for delivering a multi-paradigmatic theory of social transformation.
Free-list Measures of Cognitive Sharing and Organization: Ethnobotany in Rural Missouri
Authors: Robbins Michael C. , Nolan Justin M.
Published: March 2019

We present a normed measure of cognitive sharing/diversity and a measure of cognitive organization that can be derived from free lists. They are useful for making cross-cultural and intracultural comparisons both within and between culturally constituted cognitive domains. An ethnographic example using data collected in rural Missouri from 40 novice and expert respondents to the domain of wild plants is used for illustrative purposes. Consistent with previous results, experts exhibit more cognitive sharing, and a higher quantity of cognitive organization, than novices.
A multi-scale fusion prediction method for lithium-ion battery capacity based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition and nonlinear autoregressive neural networks
Authors: Wang Pei , Dan Xue , Yang Yong
Published: March 2019

Lithium-ion battery has been widely used in various fields due to its excellent performance. How to accurately predict its current capacity throughout a battery full lifetime has been a key technology for power system management, assurance, and predictive maintenance. In order to overcome low precision problem in long-term prediction for lithium-ion battery capacity, this article proposes a multi-scale fusion prediction method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition and nonlinear autoregressive models neural networks. The proposed method uses ensemble empirical mode decomposition to decompose the battery capacity measurement sequence to generate multiple intrinsic mode function components on different scales. Then, each component is predicted by nonlinear autoregressive neural networks; finally, the prediction results of each component are reconstructed to obtain the final battery capacity prediction sequence. Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher prediction accuracy and signal adaptability than single nonlinear autoregressive neural networks.
Association Between Perioperative Fluid Balance and 30-Day Unplanned Readmission After Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Oh Ah-Young , Hwang Jung-Won
Published: March 2019

Perioperative positive fluid balance (FB) increases postoperative complication and length of hospital stay. We aimed to investigate 30-day unplanned readmission after major abdominal surgery based on perioperative FB (%) on postoperative days (POD) 0 to 3. This retrospective cohort study analyzed medical records of patients who underwent elective major abdominal surgery (surgery time >2 hours, estimated blood loss >500 mL) at a single tertiary academic hospital from January 2010 to December 2017. Cumulative FB was calculated by total input fluid − output fluid in liters × weight (kg)−1 on admission × 100 during POD 0 (24 hours), 0 to 1 (48 hours), 0 to 2 (72 hours), and 0 to 3 (96 hours). Of the 3650 patients in the final analysis, 503 (13.8%) had unplanned readmission within 30 days. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, FB on POD 0 (24 hours), 0 to 1 (48 hours), 0 to 2 (72 hours), and 0 to 3 (96 hours) showed no significant association with 30-day unplanned readmission (all P > .05). However, an increase of 10 000 points in the total relative value unit scores was associated with 5% increase in 30-day unplanned readmission (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.07; P = .001), and 1-hour increase in surgery time was associated with 10% increase in 30-day unplanned readmission (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.15; P < .001). This study showed that perioperative FB is not associated with 30-day unplanned readmission rate after a major abdominal surgery. Total relative value unit scores and duration of surgery were significantly associated with 30-day unplanned readmission rate after major abdominal surgery in a single tertiary academic hospital.
Role of IRF4 in the Protection of Metformin-Mediated Sepsis Myocarditis
Authors: Li Minghua , Yu Hongmei , Wang Yonglin , Qin Ling , Sun Wei
Published: March 2019

Aims:

Metformin has been shown to play a protective role in diabetes. However, we found that metformin could mediate myocardial protection. Given that protein kinase C eplison (PKCε) and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) are critical for cardioprotection signaling. And measurement of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency can be used to determine whether 2 fluorophores are within a certain distance of each other. So we sought to determine whether metformin promotes PKCε/IRF4 activation by FRET.

Methods and Results:

The study built a mouse septic myocarditis model by intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli; thus, it provides valuable experimental data for the diagnosis and treatment of septic myocarditis. And cellular model of cardiomyocyte damage from adult rat cardiacmyocytes or H9c2 cells was induced by lipopolysaccharide employed to examine PKCε by molecular, biochemical, and cellular imaging analysis. Life span of septic myocarditis mouse was significantly prolonged by metformin. Metformin also decreased transforming growth factor β level and increased interleukin-10 productions. The FRET analysis in H9c2 cells suggested that there is prominent FRET signal for PKCε along in mitochondrial by metformin.

Conclusion:

We demonstrate that metformin promotes rapid association of PKCε with IRF4 at mitochondrial microdomain of cardiac myocytes and PKCε via direct molecular interaction with IRF4. This regulatory mechanism may play an important role in cardioprotection.
Comparing Three Methods to Capture Multidimensional Service Experience in Children’s Health Care: Video Diaries, Narratives, and Semistructured Interviews
Authors: Litovuo Lauri , Karisalmi Nina , Aarikka-Stenroos Leena , Kaipio Johanna
Published: March 2019

Interest in studying experiences has grown rapidly; however, little attention has been paid to the applicability of qualitative methods for capturing the service experience in children’s health care. This study examined and compared three data collection methods to capture the multidimensional service experience of child patients and their families: video diaries with child patients, narrative interviews with parents of a child patient, and semistructured interviews with health-care professionals working with child patients. The methods were analyzed with respect to their benefits and limitations and their applicability for capturing the multidimensional service experience presented by service experience co-creation framework, including the temporal, factual, spatial, locus, control, and organizational dimensions. The key findings are as follows: (A) The video diary method has the potential to capture the temporally broad and spatially complex phenomenon of child patients’ service experience and enables researchers to capture service experience created beyond the hospital setting (e.g., through hobbies or in school). (B) Narratives with parents have the potential to capture the temporal, spatial, locus, and organizational dimensions through stories and are well-suited for mapping children’s experiences and the actors influencing them. (C) Semistructured interviews with health-care professionals have the potential to capture a generalized but temporally narrow view of the service experience of child patients, concentrating on experiences within hospital settings. This is beneficial for developing health-care service providers’ actions. Structured analysis and comparison of methods guides researchers to select appropriate methods to take a complementary approach in the understanding of experiences in the context of children’s health care.
The surface projection line of internal jugular vein to guide the internal jugular vein catheterization
Authors: Yu Qing-Qing , Ren Qiu-Sheng , Liang Rui-Jia
Published: March 2019

This study describes the use of a surface projection line of internal jugular vein to guide the internal jugular vein catheterization. The results in the study suggest that the internal jugular vein line has the similar effect on the internal jugular vein catheterization to real-time ultrasound guide. It may be an alternative choice for the unskilled ultrasound operators, and it can be quite useful in some developing countries and areas.
Claims-making, child saving, and the news media
Authors: Kohm Steven A
Published: March 2019

Drawing on a social constructionist paradigm, this article critically examines mass-mediated framing of the issue of child sexual exploitation online and via mobile communications technology. The Canadian Centre for Child Protection (C3P),1 a non-profit charity located in Winnipeg, Canada, is used as a case study of claims-making and the social construction of the social problem of child sexual exploitation online. The present study focuses on media engagement by C3P and its subsidiary CyberTip—Canada’s national internet tip line—between 2000 and 2011, just prior to CyberTip receiving legislative designation as Canada’s official reporting agency. The analysis draws on news media accounts of claims-making activities of C3P in three local and national Canadian newspapers. By focusing on the rhetoric of claims forwarded by the organization, I argue that C3P has been successful in gaining symbolic ownership of the issue and has been instrumental in defining the nature, extent, and appropriate responses to the problem of online child sexual exploitation in Canada. I conclude by considering the broader implications for criminal justice policy and practice.
Microbes and the Mind: How Bacteria Shape Affect, Neurological Processes, Cognition, Social Relationships, Development, and Pathology
Authors: Smith Leigh K. , Wissel Emily F.
Published: March 2019

Recent data suggest that the human body is not so exclusively human after all. Specifically, humans share their bodies with approximately 10 trillion microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiome. Chief among these microbes are bacteria, and there is a growing consensus that they are critical to virtually all facets of normative functioning. This article reviews the ways in which bacteria shape affect, neurological processes, cognition, social relationships, development, and psychological pathology. To date, the vast majority of research on interactions between microbes and humans has been conducted by scientists outside the field of psychology, despite the fact that psychological scientists are experts in many of the topics being explored. This review aims to orient psychological scientists to the most relevant research and perspectives regarding the microbiome so that we might contribute to the now widespread, interdisciplinary effort to understand the relationship between microbes and the mind.
An update on best practice of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Hartmann Christian J. , Fliegen Sabine , Groiss Stefan J. , Wojtecki Lars , Schnitzler Alfons
Published: March 2019

During the last 30 years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has evolved into the clinical standard of care as a highly effective treatment for advanced Parkinson’s disease. Careful patient selection, an individualized anatomical target localization and meticulous evaluation of stimulation parameters for chronic DBS are crucial requirements to achieve optimal results. Current hardware-related advances allow for a more focused, individualized stimulation and hence may help to achieve optimal clinical results. However, current advances also increase the degrees of freedom for DBS programming and therefore challenge the skills of healthcare providers. This review gives an overview of the clinical effects of DBS, the criteria for patient, target, and device selection, and finally, offers strategies for a structured programming approach.
Hidden Devices in the School Setting: What the School Nurse Needs to Know About Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Roesler Megan , Obst Barbara
Published: March 2019

The Specialized Health Needs Interagency Collaboration (SHNIC) program at the Kennedy Krieger Institute is a community-based program that provides on-site training and technical assistance to safely manage the integration of children with special health needs into educational and community settings. SHNIC frequently receives seizure education requests throughout the school year, specifically regarding vagus nerve stimulation. Vagus nerve stimulation involves an implanted medical device used to deliver electrical pulses to the vagus nerve for additional seizure management. The school nurse needs to understand the purpose and function of the hidden medical device, including the parameters for use of the device and magnet, safety considerations, and side effects. SHNIC has developed educational materials specific to vagus nerve stimulation to aid the school nurse in providing staff training, developing care plans, and creating a safe school experience for students with special health needs.