bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Earth’s lower ionosphere during solar eclipse and sunset and sunrise hours according to measurements by the API method near Nizhny Novgorod
Authors: Bahmetieva Nataliya , Grigoriev Gennadiy , Zhemyakov Ilia , Kalinina Elena , Lisov Aleksander
Published: September 2024

We present the results of experimental studies into the response of Earth’s lower ionosphere to a partial solar eclipse. The studies have been carried out using the method of resonant scattering of radio waves by artificial periodic irregularities (APIs) in ionospheric plasma. The irregularities were created in the field of a standing wave when a powerful radio wave, generated by radiation to the zenith by transmitters of the mid-latitude heating facility SURA, was reflected from the ionosphere. During location of a periodic structure by probe radio waves when the Wolf—Bragg backscattering condition was met, a scattered signal was received and its amplitude and phase were measured. After the end of the impact on the ionosphere, the irregularities gradually disappeared (relaxed). We have examined variations in characteristics of scattered signals. During the eclipse, the scattered signal amplitude increased by 30–40 dB, and the relaxation time increased 1.5–2.0 times. In some cases, stratification of the signal amplitude in the D-region was observed due to stratification of the electron density profile. By analyzing altitude profiles of relaxation time, we obtained neutral component temperature and density, height of the turbopause, and turbulent velocity. The velocity of vertical regular motion of plasma at each height was measured from the time variation in the scattered signal phase. From the results of measurements of scattered signal characteristics during four partial eclipses, we have obtained that the neutral component temperature decreases, on average, 50–70 K. Variations in the temperature, vertical plasma velocity, and turbopause level exhibited deep quasi-periodic variations with periods from 15 min to several hours, typical of internal gravity wave propagation. The vertical temperature and velocity profiles showed changes with altitude on scales ranging from 5 to 30 km. Comparison between the results of studies of the lower ionosphere during sunrise-sunset hours has revealed that its response during a partial eclipse and the transition to the night regime is identical. According to the measurements by the partial reflection method, during the August 01, 2008 eclipse there was a decrease in the electron density in the D-region 3–5 times. We have concluded that during an eclipse there was a significant change in both the ionized and neutral components of the atmosphere in the lower ionosphere.
Features of Earth’s lower ionosphere during solar eclipse and sunset and sunrise hours according to measurements by the API method near Nizhny Novgorod
Authors: Bahmetieva Nataliya , Grigoriev Gennadiy , Zhemyakov Ilia , Kalinina Elena , Lisov Aleksander
Published: September 2024

We present the results of experimental studies into the response of Earth’s lower ionosphere to a partial solar eclipse. The studies have been carried out using the method of resonant scattering of radio waves by artificial periodic irregularities (APIs) in ionospheric plasma. The irregularities were created in the field of a standing wave when a powerful radio wave, generated by radiation to the zenith by transmitters of the mid-latitude SURA heating facility, was reflected from the ionosphere. During the eclipse, the scattered signal amplitude increased by 30–40 dB, and the relaxation time increased 1.5–2.0 times. In some cases, stratification of the signal amplitude in the D-region was observed due to stratification of the electron density profile. By analyzing altitude profiles of relaxation time, we obtained neutral component temperature and density, height of the turbopause, and turbulent velocity. The velocity of vertical regular motion of plasma at each height was measured from the time variation in the scattered signal phase. From the results of measurements of scattered signal characteristics during four partial eclipses, we have obtained that the neutral component temperature decreases, on average, 50–70 K. Variations in the temperature, vertical plasma velocity, and turbopause level exhibited deep quasi-periodic variations with periods from 15 min to several hours, typical of internal gravity wave propagation. The vertical temperature and velocity profiles showed changes with altitude on scales ranging from 5 to 30 km. Comparison between the results of studies of the lower ionosphere during sunrise-sunset hours has revealed that its response during a partial eclipse and the transition to the night regime is identical. According to the measurements by the partial reflection method, during the August 01, 2008 eclipse there was a decrease in the electron density in the D-region 3–5 times. We have concluded that during an eclipse there was a significant change in both the ionized and neutral components of the atmosphere in the lower ionosphere.
Lignocaine in Migraine Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kalisiak Jakub , Tschuschke Max , Choinka Martyna , Lorenz Mikołaj , Lewandowski Jędrzej , Konopka Agata , Szczepaniak Zuzanna , Wdowiak Natalia , Komarów Małgorzata , Karasińska Dominika
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Migraine is a prevalent and debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches and associated symptoms such as nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. While conventional treatments exist, a significant subset of patients suffers from refractory migraines, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies like lignocaine.
Purpose of the work: This review examines the mechanisms by which lignocaine modulatespain and underscores the potential of lignocaine as a therapeutic option for refractory migraines, while also highlighting the need for continued research to refine its clinical application.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive analysis of research papers available on PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus was undertaken using the searchterms encompassing the following keywords: chronic migraine / lignocaine migraine / migraine treatment/ migraine pain mechanism / migraine chronic pain mechanism / lignocaine and ketamine migraine / lignocaine adverse effects / lignocaine safety / refractory migraine.
Results: Lignocainehas shown promise in alleviating both acute and chronic migraine pain. However, its use requires careful patient selection and monitoring due to potential side effects, such as cardiac and central nervous system toxicity. Despite these risks, the favorable safety profile and efficacy of lignocaine make it a valuable option in migraine management. Future research should focus on optimizing dosing protocols, evaluating long-term outcomes, and identifying biomarkers to guide patient selection.
Life-threatening methaemoglobinaemia secondary to cetrimide
Authors: Zeidan Radwan , Abdallah Mohammed , Matta Nazem , Nehme Patricia , Fares Mirna
Published: October 2024

Methaemoglobinaemia is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition in which there is diminution of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the circulating haemoglobin. It can result from either congenital or acquired processes. Acquired methaemoglobinaemia is more prevalent than congenital methaemoglobinaemia, and notably it has a higher prevalence in infants and neonates than in adults; it results from exposure to oxidising agents. Methaemoglobin forms when haemoglobin is oxidised to contain iron in the ferric (Fe3+) state rather than the normal ferrous (Fe2+) state. Methaemoglobinaemia is a clinical diagnosis and is suspected in the presence of hypoxaemia refractory to supplemental oxygen and in the presence of chocolate-coloured blood. Symptoms are usually dependent on the methaemoglobin levels; at levels higher than 35%, systemic symptoms from tissue hypoxia may be fatal. We present a case of severe life-threatening methaemoglobinaemia following intra-abdominal use of cetrimide during hydatid cyst removal in a 60-year-old female.
Criteria of socio-psychological readiness of servicemen
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Yurkiv Yaroslava
Published: September 2024

The article identifies and characterizes a number of criteria for the socio-psychological readiness of servicemen, namely: the level of emotional stability; the ability to effectively communicate and interact in a team; the presence of motivational attitudes towards the performance of official tasks; the ability to quickly make decisions in stressful situations, etc. Emotional resilience has been identified as a key aspect, as military service often requires an individual's ability to manage their emotions under stressful and dangerous situations. Communication and interaction in a team implies the importance of the ability to work together with others, developed communication skills and the ability to work collectively. Task motivation is provided by personal motivational attitudes that support readiness to perform military duties, including commitment to duty and achievement of strategic objectives. The speed of decision-making under stressful conditions, the ability to effectively and quickly make decisions under limited time and during stressful situations affects the successful completion of tasks. The general readiness of military personnel is determined by their socio-psychological characteristics, which allow them to work effectively in a team environment and ensure a high level of task performance even under conditions of stress and danger. The criteria are integrated to create an effective command environment and ensure successful military operations. The balance between these criteria allows servicemen to meet the requirements of the modern combat environment and ensures the success of the assigned tasks.
When a client dies: preparing social work students for mortality-related challenges in field practicum
Authors:   Thompson Rivers University, Kondrashov Oleksandr
Published: September 2024

Social work students frequently encounter issues of death, dying, grief and loss during field practicum placements, yet often feel unprepared to cope with the emotional challenges and provide effective care. A review of current literature reveals the significant impact of client death on social work students across diverse practicum settings, as well as substantial gaps in grief and loss education within social work curricula that leave students feeling ill-equipped to handle these experiences. This article argues that there is an ethical imperative to better support students facing mortality and loss in practicum by implementing trauma-informed, multi-level interventions. Key recommendations include: normalizing conversations about death, providing regular debriefing opportunities, helping students develop self-awareness and self-care plans, infusing grief and loss content into the curriculum, and facilitating meaning-making and resilience. Recommendations are offered for field instructors, faculty liaisons, placement agencies, universities, and students’ support systems to transform distressing encounters with client death into profound opportunities for personal growth, professional development, and building the capacity to provide compassionate end-of-life care. Ultimately, this article calls for a paradigm shift within social work education and society at large toward more a more grief-literate, death-positive culture that uplifts and humanizes the experiences of dying and bereaved individuals.
Social integration of IDPs (internally displaced people) in host communities: results of the survey
Authors:   Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Pavlyk Nadiia , Gordon Maryna ,   Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Olentsevych Nataliia ,   Kyiv National Linguistic University
Published: September 2024

The article presents the results of the survey of people with IDP status in January-February 2024. The survey was conducted online to determine basic needs and difficulties of IDPs, attitudes of local residents towards them and satisfaction with the level of support provided by state institutions and authorities. A total of 36 people with IDP status took part in the survey. The results of the survey show that every second person with IDP status was personally confronted with difficulties in the host communities. More than a third of respondents had not yet resumed employment by the beginning of 2024. The most urgent needs of IDPs were identified in the areas of housing, finances and family. The lack of or inability to resume employment is an obstacle to the social integration of people with IDP status into host communities. The majority of IDPs consider the attitude of local residents towards them to be neutral or friendly and empathetic. Cases of prejudiced attitudes towards IDPs depend on their social environment and occur from time to time or occasionally. Around a third of respondents reported a prevailing feeling of isolation and alienation in the host community. The respondents with IDP status are not willing to integrate into the community because they perceive their residence in the community as temporary, as well as due to personal motives and experiences. The vast majority of IDPs are not satisfied with the support provided by authorities, state institutions and social organisations. At the same time, respondents highly value the role of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs, charities, voluntary movements) in supporting internally displaced people.
Social activity of the personality in the territorial community
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, Petrochko Zhanna , Karpenko Olena ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, Liutyi Vadym ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University
Published: September 2024

Social activity is an important component of social life, as it stimulates society to develop and improve. It is necessary to motivate, stimulate, support the social initiative of residents of the territorial community, and develop their potential, because they are the guarantee of important, qualitative changes in the territorial community, an essential criterion on the way to achieving the general goal. A key factor in the social activity of an individual is the desire to influence social processes and its effective participation in community affairs. In the article, the authors justify the importance of the social activity of the individual in the context of the development and development of the territorial community and civil society as a whole. It is emphasized that social activity is studied as a person's ability to conscious social activity for the purpose of solving social problems, the ability to overcome individual interests for the sake of the public, the proactive nature of an individual's life in the territorial community, socially oriented activity through interaction with the social environment, the individual's internal readiness for proactive, conscious activity for the transformation of social reality. It is noted that volunteer activity is a manifestation of social activity and a factor in the formation of this activity, involving society and the individual in cooperation. And, precisely because of this, it is a rather effective means of developing the social activity of an individual in the territorial community, strengthening and expanding its social skills and skills to solve complex issues in team interaction.
To the issue of bullying prevention in institutions of higher education
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, Spirina Tetiana , Liakh Tetiana ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, Dulia Alina ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University
Published: September 2024

The problem of violence, bullying, disputes, aggressiveness, increasing conflict in social and interpersonal relationships, bullying is extremely important and relevant. The urgency of studying and preventing the phenomenon of bullying is determined by the increase in the number of its manifestations in institutions of higher education. Bullying in institutions of higher education differs from systematic bullying in institutions of general secondary education, because its types and forms of manifestation change. Prevention of bullying in a higher education institution is carried out by implementing the following strategies: informing; diagnostics; education; forming an intolerant attitude towards violence. The article analyzes the phenomenon of bullying as a socio-pedagogical phenomenon, reveals the main types, forms, and causes of bullying. In order to reduce the risk of systematic harassment, violence and bullying, higher education institutions need to develop a set of preventive measures against bullying, which involves disciplinary, complex, systemic, restorative approaches.
Plant Beneficial Desert Actinomycete, Modestobacter caceresii KNN 45-2bT, Promote Growth of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) under Drought Condition
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program) in Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, under the CMU Presidential Scholarship, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Xie Feiyang , Andrews Barbara ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beaucheff 851, Santiago, Chile, Asenjo Juan A. ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beaucheff 851, Santiago, Chile, Goodfellow Michael ,   School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK, Pathom-aree Wasu ,   Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Published: October 2024

Drought stress is currently the most serious challenge to global food security and agricultural productivity. Desert actinobacteria have gained attention as potential candidates for enhancing plant growth in water stress environments. In this regard, a desert actinomycete, namely Modestobacter caceresii strain KNN 45-2bT, was selected to investigate its plant growth promoting abilities and drought tolerance. Next, this desert strain was inoculated to tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) under drought, and the results included increases in root length, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, total fresh weight and dry weight, fruit weight, proline accumulation, total soluble sugar content and trolox content. Stress treatments on the bacterized tomato plants also resulted in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide accumulation. Putative proteins coding sequences conferring plant growth promoting (PGP) traits (IAA production, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, nitrogen fixation) and drought response (biosynthesis of proline metabolism, oxidative and osmotic stress response) were also detected from their genomic analyses. In conclusion, these results provide credence to the idea that the inoculation of tomato plants with plant beneficial desert actinomycete is an effective method of combating the negative effects of drought stress.
The impact of ethnicity on care and outcome after hip fracture in England and Wales
Authors: Nisar Sohail , Lamb Jonathan , Johansen Antony , West Robert , Pandit Hemant
Published: October 2024

Aims

To determine if patient ethnicity among patients with a hip fracture influences the type of fracture, surgical care, and outcome.

Methods

This was an observational cohort study using a linked dataset combining data from the National Hip Fracture Database and Hospital Episode Statistics in England and Wales. Patients’ odds of dying at one year were modelled using logistic regression with adjustment for ethnicity and clinically relevant covariates.

Results

A total of 563,640 patients were included between 1 April 2011 and 1 October 2020. Of these, 476,469 (85%) had a coded ethnicity for analysis. Non-white patients tended to be younger (mean 81.2 vs 83.0 years), and were more commonly male (34.9% vs 28.5%; p < 0.001). They were less likely to be admitted from institutional care (12.9% vs 21.8%; p < 0.001), to have normal cognition (53.3% vs 62.0%; p < 0.001), and to be free of comorbidities (22.0% vs 26.8%; p < 0.001), but were more likely to be from the most deprived areas (29.4% vs 17.3%; p < 0.001). Non-white patients were more likely to experience delay to surgery for medical reasons (14.8% vs 12.7%; p < 0.001), more likely to be treated with an intramedullary nail or a sliding hip screw (52.5% vs 45.1%; p < 0.001), and less likely to be mobilized by the day after surgery (74.3% vs 79.0%; p < 0.001). Mortality was higher among non-white inpatients (9.2% vs 8.4% for white), but was lower at one year after hip fracture (26.6% vs 30.3%).

Conclusion

Our study identified serious problems with the quality of NHS ethnicity data. Despite this, we have shown that there is complex variation in case-mix and hip fracture morphology between ethnic groups. We have also identified variations in care received between ethnic groups, and that disparities in healthcare may contribute to poorer outcome. Inpatient mortality is higher in non-white patients, although this finding reverses after discharge, and one-year mortality is lower. Patients from ethnic minority backgrounds experience disparities in healthcare, however at one year postoperatively non-white patients have a statistically significant lower mortality after controlling for relevant clinical covariates.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1182–1189.
Elbow kinematics with increased lengthening of a radial head arthroplasty evaluated with dynamic radiostereometric analysis
Authors: Frost Teilmann Johanne , Petersen Emil T. , Thillemann Theis M. , Hemmingsen Chalotte K. , Olsen Kipp Josephine , Falstie-Jensen Thomas , Stilling Maiken
Published: October 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinematics of the elbow following increasing length of the radius with implantation of radial head arthroplasties (RHAs) using dynamic radiostereometry (dRSA).

Methods

Eight human donor arms were examined by dRSA during motor-controlled flexion and extension of the elbow with the forearm in an unloaded neutral position, and in pronation and supination with and without a 10 N valgus or varus load, respectively. The elbows were examined before and after RHA with stem lengths of anatomical size, + 2 mm, and + 4 mm. The ligaments were maintained intact by using a step-cut lateral humeral epicondylar osteotomy, allowing the RHAs to be repeatedly exchanged. Bone models were obtained from CT scans, and specialized software was used to match these models with the dRSA recordings. The flexion kinematics of the elbow were described using anatomical coordinate systems to define translations and rotations with six degrees of freedom.

Results

The greatest kinematic changes in the elbows were seen with the longest, + 4 mm, implant, which imposed a mean joint distraction of 2.8 mm in the radiohumeral joint and of 1.1 mm in the ulnohumeral joint, an increased mean varus angle of up to 2.4° for both the radius and the ulna, a mean shift of the radius of 2.0 mm in the ulnar direction, and a mean shift of the ulna of 1.0 mm posteriorly.

Conclusion

The kinematics of the elbow deviated increasingly from those of the native joint with a 2 mm to a 4 mm lengthening of the radius. This confirms the importance of restoring the natural length of the radius when undertaking RHA.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1165–1175.
Hypervitaminosis D Associated with a Vitamin D Dispensing Error
Authors: Jacobsen Ryan B , Hronek Brett W , Schmidt Ginelle A , Schilling Margo L
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To report a case of hypervitaminosis D resulting in hypercalcemia and acute kidney injury in a 70-year-old female who was prescribed a standard dose of vitamin D but given a toxic dose of vitamin D 50.000 IU (1.25 mg) daily resulting from a dispensing error.

Case Summary:

A 70-year-old female in her usual state of health was instructed to begin supplementation with vitamin D 1000 IU dairy. Three months later she developed contusion, slurred speech, unstable gait, and increased fatigue. She was hospitalized for hypercalcemia and acute kidney injury secondary to hypervitaminosis D. All vitamin D supplementation was discontinued and 5 months after discharge, the patient's serum calcium and vitamin D concentrations, as well as renal function, had returned to baseline values. Upon review of the patient's records, it was discovered that she had been taking vitamin D 50,000 IU daily.

Discussion:

There is an increased interest in vitamin D, resulting in more health care providers recommending—and patients taking—supplemental vitamin D. Hypervitaminosis D is rarely reported and generally only in the setting of gross excess of vitamin D. This report highlights a case of hypervitaminosis D in the setting of a prescribed standard dose of vitamin D that resulted in toxic ingestion of vitamin D 50,000 IU daily due to a dispensing error. As more and more people use vitamin D supplements, it is important to recognize that, while rare, hypervitaminosis D is a possibility and dosage conversion of vitamin D units can result in errors.

Conclusions:

Health care providers and patients should be educated on the advantages and risks associated with vitamin D supplementation and be informed of safety measures to avoid hypervitaminosis D. in addition, health care providers should understand dosage conversion regarding vitamin D and electronic prescribing and dispensing software should be designed to detect such errors.
Economic Impact of Pharmacists' Interventions with Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Authors: Guignard Adrienne P , Couray-Targe Sandrine , Colin Cyrille , Chamba Geneviève
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the economic impact of community pharmacists' interventions following the detection of problems related to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), whether in a prescription or self-medication format. The evaluation focused on the gastroduodenal adverse events that could be avoided and the subsequent savings of healthcare resources spent on treating these adverse effects.

METHODS:

A previous study conducted during a 12-week period in 924 French community pharmacies provided the number of interventions for drug-related problems concerning NSAIDs. A simulation model was constructed to compare 2 strategies: a systematic pharmacist's intervention and the absence of intervention. The base-case patient was assumed to have been taking an NSAID for 3 months. The model's inputs were extracted from medical literature and from an institutional medical database.

RESULTS:

In this study, 608 interventions were the results of NSAID-related problems. All of these interventions reduced the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events and avoided a total cost of 37 300.

CONCLUSIONS:

This model indicates that the dispensing of NSAIDs by pharmacists and related pharmaceutical care activities have a positive impact by reducing the number of gastrointestinal complications. The model quantifies the costs thus avoided. It also underlines the necessity of effective collaboration between the prescriber and the pharmacist if optimal patient management is to be achieved.
Elevated Creatine Kinase and Myalgia in a Patient Taking Rosiglitazone
Authors: Kennie Natalie , Antoniou Tony , Berger Philip
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To report a case of rosiglitazone-associated elevation in creatine kinase (CK) and coexisting myalgias and review other cases identified in the literature.

Case Summary:

A 42-year-old man originally from Sri Lanka developed an elevated CK, with peak concentrations of 1671 U/L (normal <160) and myalgias following 5 months of therapy with rosiglitazone. Signs and symptoms recurred upon rechallenge 3 years later. Other potential medical and medication causes were ruled out. Independent assessment by 2 raters using the Naranjo probability scale suggested a probable relationship with rosiglitazone.

Discussion:

Only 5 previous reports of elevated CK, myalgias, myopathy, or rhabdomolysis in patients taking rosiglitazone or other thiazolidinediones were identified in the literature. Potential risk factors identified from previously published reports included concomitant therapy with fibrates, excessive use of ethanol, and asymptomatic mild CK elevation prior to starting therapy. Based on this case report, it seems reasonable to monitor CK levels in patients on rosiglitazone who are experiencing muscle symptoms or who have a history of myopathy.

Conclusions:

Marked elevations of CK and muscle pain may be a possible adverse reaction of rosiglitazone therapy.
Corticosteroid Interactions with Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate, and Sirolimus: Fact or Fiction?
Authors: Lam Stefanie , Partovi Nilufar , Ting Lillian SL , Ensom Mary HH
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To review the current clinical evidence on the effects of corticosteroid interactions with the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and sirotimus.

Data Sources:

Articles were retrieved through MEDLINE (1966–February 2008) using the terms corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate, sirolimus, drug Interactions, CYP3A4, P-glycoprotein, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Bibliographies were manually searched for additional relevant articles.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All English-language studies dealing with drug interactions between corticosteroids and cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and sirolimus were reviewed.

Data Synthesis:

Corticosteroids share common metabolic and transporter pathways, the cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) systems, respectively, with cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus. As a group, corticosteroids Induce the CYP3A4 and P-gp pathways; however, a tew exceptions exist and the impact on a patient's immunosuppressant regimen may be critical. Corticosteroids also have demonstrated an induction effect on the uridine diphos-phate–glucuronosyltransferase enzymes and multidrug resistance–associated protein 2 involved in mycophenolate's disposition. Successful corticosteroid withdrawal regimens have been reported; however, only few studies have examined the effects of steroid withdrawal on the remaining immunosuppressive regimens. To date, the clinical impact of steroid withdrawal on disposition of other immunosuppressive agents is not well characterized, and reports of such drug-drug interactions are conflicting.

Conclusions:

While our understanding of the clinical impact of sterokHmmuno-suppressant interactions is limited, it remains a fact that corticosteroids have complex Induction and inhibition interactions with common metabolic and transport pathways. Given the complex interaction of corticosteroids on crucial metabolic enzymes and transporter proteins, monitoring of immunosuppressive agents during steroid withdrawal is warranted to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.
Barriers to Clopidogrel Adherence Following Placement of Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Pallares Maria José , Powers Eric R , Zwerner Peter L , Fowler Andrew , Reeves Rodney , Nappi Jean M
Published: September 2024

Background:

Nonadherence to clopidogrel after drug-eluting stent (DES) placement is associated with in-stent thrombosis and adverse cardiac events.

Objective:

To identify the incidence of and barriers associated with nonadherence to clopidogrel in patients receiving DES.

Methods:

Patients who received a DES between March 1, 2004, and August 31, 2005, from a single academic medical center were eligible. Telephone interviews were conducted 6 or more months following discharge. Nonadherence was defined as premature discontinuation of or less than 80% adherence to clopidogrel. Patients were asked to identify barriers to adherence. Differences between adherent and nonadherent patients were analyzed using χ2 and t-test analysis.

Results:

Of the 674 patients identified, 257 (38%) participated. The nonadherence rate was 20%. The majority (58%) of nonadherent patients discontinued therapy prematurely. Patients identified the main reason for discontinuation as medical barriers (18.56%), including perceived adverse effects (9.28%). The Incidence of rash was higher in patients who were nonadherent (12% vs 4%; p = 0.049). Overall, 49% of patients recalled receiving discharge counseling regarding adverse effects. A financial barrier was identified by 22 (42%) patients in the nonadherent and 73 (36%) in the adherent group, of whom 64% and 52%, respectively, reported having insurance coverage for medications. Adherent patients reported higher copays ($29.69 vs $18.14; p = 0.01).

Conclusions:

Prospective studies should be conducted to aid in identifying patients at risk for nonadherence and possible in-stent thrombosis in order to identify interventions to improve adherence.
Possible Zoophilia Associated with Dopaminergic Therapy in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Jiménez-Jiménez Félix Javier , Sayed Youssef , García-Soldevilla Miguel Angel , Barcenilla Beatriz
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To report a patient with Parkinson disease (PD) who developed zoophilia as a possible complication of dopaminergic therapy.

CASE SUMMARY:

A 74-year-old man with advanced PD, who had wearing-off motor fluctuations, with a marked disability during the off periods and severe peak-of-dose choreiform dyskinesias, developed hypersexuality with zoophilia 5 days after standard levodopa was substituted for controlled-release levodopa and the dose of bromocriptine was increased. The abnormal sexual behavior disappeared 2 days after the doses of standard levodopa and of bromocriptine were reduced.

DISCUSSION:

Hypersexuality is a known complication in PD patients undergoing dopaminergic therapy. However, the possible development of zoophilia due to these drugs, as was the case in our patient, is exceptional.

CONCLUSIONS:

Zoophilia should be considered as a possible behavioral complication of dopaminergic therapy in PD patients.
Pharmaceutical Care, MTM, & Payment: The Past, Present, & Future
Authors: Isetts Brian J.
Published: September 2024

Central to any discussion of payment reform is the need for a rational scientific medication use system to ensure that drug-related morbidity and mortality are minimized. The care provision process is based on a comprehensive assessment of all of a patient's drug-related needs and it behooves pharmacists to conduct a comprehensive assessment as do all other health professions. This comprehensive assessment is the foundation of medication therapy management (MTM) services provided within the practice of pharmaceutical care. Care can be delivered in the community by clinically oriented pharmacists, although building a practice is hard work much different from the business of dispensing medications. The number of pharmacists needed to provide comprehensive MTM services for every American is projected to range from 30,000 to 100,000 based on data/experiences from Minnesota, Ontario, and elsewhere. These individuals may benefit from some type of provider recognition so that society can differentiate between pharmacists who provide comprehensive MTM services and those in drug distribution roles. Approaching the legislature and policymakers with cost savings data, partnering with the business community, and focusing on dual eligible patients and those with unmet mental hearth needs are important strategies to make this practice transformation a reality.
Ultrafast laser structuring of scattering optical fibers
Authors: Colliard Léo , Pellerin Floriane , Aubry Geoffroy , Cabié Martiane , Neisius Thomas , Pigeonneau Franck , Vallée Réal , Bernier Martin , Bellec Matthieu , Blanc Wilfried
Published: October 2024

We propose here an innovative structuring process of scattering optical fibers by monitoring the characteristics of the nanoparticles contained inside the core with a high repetition rate femtosecond laser.
Fabrication of Thin Film Lithium Niobate Electro-Optic Devices Using a Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Cheng Ya
Published: October 2024

We report recent progresses in thin film lithium niobate integrated photonics technology, in which high-performance active and passive photonic devices are uniquely fabricated using femtosecond laser direct writing.
Femtosecond laser-induced Bragg grating waveguide through selective control of pulse numbers
Authors: Jafari Foroogh , Boisvert Jean-Sébastien , Kashyap Raman , Loranger Sébastien
Published: October 2024

Single-step writing of Bragg grating waveguide is obtained by externally modulating the fs laser pulse picker using a waveform generator, which delivers a controlled number of pulses to induce refractive-index changes at each sub-Bragg period.
Long-Term High-Temperature Wavelength Drift Trends of Type II FBGs Written in Standard Single Mode Fibers
Authors: Walker Robert B. , Hnatovsky Cyril , Mihailov Stephen J. , De Silva Manny , Lu Ping , Ding Huimin
Published: October 2024

A comparison of Type II Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) wavelength drift is reported for 600°C, 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C. Significant prolonged redshift was observed at 800°C, transitioning to blueshift more quickly at higher temperatures.
Fiber Bragg Grating based Hydrogen leak detection
Authors: Hartmann Korina , Nieuwland Remco
Published: October 2024

A Fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based hydrogen sensor coated with a catalytic layer was developed detecting H2 from 0.1 vol.% with response times of 3s. Experimental verification showed safe usage above the lower explosion limit (LEL).
Optical Sensing for Temperature and Vibration Analysis of Submersible Pumps
Authors: Mazzo Paulo H. R. , Torelli Gabriel A. , Dreyer Uilian J. , de Pelegrin Jessé , Siqueira Leonardo P. , Cubas Jhoan MC. , Marcelino Neto Moises A. , da Silva Luiz C. T. , Romero Gabriel A. , da Silva Jurandir A. G. , Bacellar Francisco R. R. , Morales Rigoberto E. M. , da Silva Jean C. C.
Published: October 2024

Fiber Bragg Grating and Distributed Temperature Sensing are discussed to protect submersible pump components. Through a combined method using temperature and vibration measurement, we can detect early-stage issues correlated with variations in pump flow rate
Small-Scale Optrode Based on PDMS for Improved Temperature Measurement
Authors: Sanipatin Bryan , Sánchez Luis A. , Arques L. , Sales Salvador
Published: October 2024

A novel, small-scale PDMS-based fiber-optic sensor is proposed to enhance sensitivity in temperature measurements. This sensor, also referred to as an optrode, was experimentally studied obtaining a substantial improvement in terms of sensitivity and size.
Femtosecond Written Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings for Dispersion Control at 2 µm
Authors: Schwartz Georg R. , Krämer Ria G. , Siems Malte P. , Ghazagh Abdolnaser , Richter Daniel , Nolte Stefan
Published: October 2024

We present femtosecond written CFBGs using a chirped phase mask for dispersion control. A bandwidth of >140 nm and reflectivity of ~ 70 % were achieved, with tailored dispersion up to the 3rd order.
Nanoscale Porous Silica Sensing Layers on Tilted FBGs made by Flame Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Ramotar Z. , Li Q. , Albert J. , Kholghy M. R. , Jean-Ruel H.
Published: October 2024

Nanoscale coatings of pure porous silica are deposited on optical fibers in a few minutes and atmospheric conditions. A tilted FBG in the fiber enables measurements of the coating and of its sensing properties.
Point-by-point femtosecond fiber Bragg gratings behavior at high temperatures
Authors: Marti Matilde Sosa , Cavillon Maxime , Blanchet Thomas , Lancry Matthieu , Laffont Guillaume
Published: October 2024

Void-based fiber Bragg gratings were studied from quantitative phase microscopy and spectral measurements, under isochronal annealing experiments up to 1250°C. We reveal a link between the micro-void deformation and the Bragg reflectivity degradation at high temperatures.
Type III Femtosecond Fiber Bragg Grating Behaviors under X-rays
Authors: Blanchet Thomas , Sapaly Benjamin , Cotillard Romain , Magne Sylvain , Morana Adriana , Marin Emmanuel , Girard Sylvain , Destouches Christophe , Laffont Guillaume
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate that the behavior under X-rays at a constant dose-rate at room temperature of type III fs-void fiber Bragg gratings, inscribed with the point-by-point technique, depends on the fiber radiation response, i.e. on its core composition.
Fs-Written FBGs in InF3 Fibers using the Scanning Phase Mask Technique for Mid-IR All-Fiber Laser
Authors: Boilard Tommy , Vallée Réal , Bernier Martin
Published: October 2024

Highly reflective FBGs are written in InF3 fibers using the scanning phase mask technique. Their application as reflectors in an Ho3+:InF3 all-fiber laser cavity emitting at high-power near 3920 nm is also presented.
Daytime Radiative Cooling near the Equator
Authors: Hwang Jaesuk
Published: October 2024

Daytime radiative cooling is challenging in the equatorial tropics, where the weather is extremely humid and cloudy. With a high degree of thermal insulation, radiative cooling can be exploited for thermal management and energy generation.
Degenerate optical parametric oscillation in coupled cavities
Authors: Santos Laís Fujii dos , Santos Felipe G. S. , Dolgaleva Ksenia
Published: October 2024

Networks of coupled parametric oscillators exhibiting binary phase state can be used for computation. The phase relation between oscillators can be switched with frequency detuning.
Four-fold truncated double-nested anti-resonant hollow-core fiber for ultralow loss and robust single mode operation
Authors: Gao Shoufei , Sun Yizhi , Chen Hao , Ge Dawei , Wang Dong , Zhang Dechao , Li Han , Ding Wei , Wang Yingying
Published: October 2024

We report the simultaneous achievement of ultralow loss in fundamental mode (0.1-0.2 dB/km) and high loss in higher order modes (db/m level) with an extinction ratio reaching 26000 in a novel four-fold truncated DNANF structure.
Channel prediction and phase correction in a vertical FSO link using Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Sen Souvik , Paul Pritam , Chattopadhyay Rik
Published: October 2024

We report prediction and pre-compensation of phase aberration of data in FSO link from ground to a HAP using machine learning and GS Algorithm. Probe beam is used on demand to self-correct the prediction algorithm.
Fluoride Long Period Grating developed using filament fusion splicer
Authors: Theodosiou Antreas , Baravets Yauhen , Grebnev Kirill V. , Chernysheva Maria , Honzatko Pavel , Peterka Pavel
Published: October 2024

We report on the first fabrication of long period grating in ZBLAN fiber using filament fusion splicer. The grating has been designed to operate at 1900-nm range. The sensitivity of the grating with respect to the axial tension has been investigated.
Laser-Induced Fabrication of Micro-Optics on Bioresorbable Calcium Phosphate Glass
Authors: Menon D. M. N. , Boetti Nadia G. , Janner D.
Published: October 2024

We present a flexible and precise technique to obtain microoptics in a bioresorbable phosphate glass by laser processing. Tuning the laser parameters we obtained different micro-optic shapes from hyperbolic to parabolic lenses and diffraction gratings.
Data Analysis Algorithm to Evaluate Temperature Tendency from Locomotives Diesel Engines
Authors: Martelli Gabriel , Dureck Eduardo Henrique , Mezzadri Felipe , Martelli Cicero , da Silva Jean Carlos Cardozo
Published: October 2024

An algorithm is proposed to interpret the oil temperature data collected by a Fiber Bragg Grating sensor system installed inside the locomotive engines. In contrast to earlier attempts, this advancement conducts a more thorough analysis of temperature trends, reduces the occurrence of false alarms, and enhances the equipment's operational safety and overall precision.
Standing-wave patterns visualization on a toroidal microresonator
Authors: Yan Haochen , Ghosh Alekhya , Pal Arghadeep , Zhang Hao , Bi Toby , Ghalanos George , Zhang Shuangyou , Hill Lewis , Zhang Yaojing , Zhuang Yongyong , Xavier Jolly , Del’Haye Pascal
Published: October 2024

The standing wave patterns generated on a microresonator by bidirectional pumping can be directly visualized by a near-infrared camera. We quantitatively analyze the scattered light intensity and apply the pattern for sub-wavelength accuracy distance measurement.
Bound State Soliton Rain Generation in Femtosecond Fiber Laser Using Mxene Saturable Absorber
Authors: Diachenko Radomyr , Lee Kwanil
Published: October 2024

This study highlights the potential of DMSO-Ti3C2Tx MXene in enhancing the stability of ultrafast fiber lasers, opening avenues for exploring soliton rains in nonlinear optical dynamics.
Engineering of vanadium dioxide for reconfigurable optics by combining metal doping and defect engineering
Authors: Cho Jin-Woo , King Jonathan , Quach Dung , Hafermann Martin , Paz Karla , Mei Hongyan , Yin Shenwei , Kumar Tanuj , Andrade Joseph , Hessel Colin , Ronning Carsten , Woolf David , Kats Mikhail A.
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate that metal doping and defect engineering can work in tandem to modify phase-transition temperature and hysteresis of vanadium dioxide films, enabling new opportunities for reconfigurable infrared optics.
Open-source finite element models for the design of topology optimized blazed grating under conical incidence
Authors: Ans Simon , Zamkotsian Frédéric , Demésy Guillaume
Published: October 2024

We present a suite of open-source template models based on the finite element for the topology optimization of nanophotonic structures under conical incidence, with applications to the broadband optimization of nanostructured blazed gratings.
Guiding Trojan Beams via Lagrange Points
Authors: Lou Haokun , Wei Yunxuan , Wu Fan. O. , Pirialakos Georgios G. , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Khajavikhan Mercedeh
Published: October 2024

A new mechanism for guided wave transport, based on stable Lagrange points, is introduced. The concept can be applied to both optical signals and charged particle beams. This approach can, for the first time, enable the propagation of charged particles in a guided fashion.
Overcoming Fundamental Noise Sources in Parametric Oscillators
Authors: Twayana Krishna , Lei Fuchuan , Torres-Company Victor
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate self-injection locking of a parametric oscillator subject to feedback. This process results in phase noise reduction of modes below the limits imposed by fundamental noise sources in the coherent parametric wave generation.
Mode-Dependent Thermo-Optic Phase Shifter using Coupled Waveguides on Silicon for 2-µm Waveband
Authors: Muratsubaki Taichi , Sato Takanori , Saitoh Kunimasa
Published: October 2024

Silicon mode-dependent thermo-optic phase shifter is proposed for the 2-µm waveband. Appropriately designed coupled-waveguides structure provides a difference in the thermo-optic phase-shift factors between TE0 and TE1 modes by a factor of two.
CubeSat Astrophotonics: Lower cost, space-based optical astronomy using photonic integrated circuits
Authors: deLoughery Tyler J. , Lauzon Clayton D. , Sims Kyle H. , Weber John , Almuhtadi Wahab , Cheriton Ross
Published: October 2024

CubeSats are low-cost, space-based platforms for sensing instrumentation, where limits on size, weight and power limitations favour using photonic integrated circuit. We explore the design and performance of a proof-of-concept astrophotonic CubeSat for optical astronomy.
High Dispersion in Hybridized Modes of Silicon Photonic Devices Compatible with a Foundry Platform
Authors: Kaushalram Archana , Hiesener Jacob M. , Kaylor C. Alex , Ralph Stephen E.
Published: October 2024

We report a peak dispersion of ±105 ps/nm/km with a bandwidth >35 nm in hybridized modes of a loaded-strip and loaded-slot waveguide with L-rails, structures that meet design rule checks of a commercial foundry.