bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preserving and Enhancing Resident Autonomy—Strategies for Surgical Educators
Authors: Schwed Alexander C. , Chen Kathryn T. , de Virgilio Christian M.
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint suggests measures to improve surgical resident autonomy and thereby produce capable and resilient surgeons.
Video Turing Test: A first step towards human‐level AI
Authors: Lee Minsu , Heo Yu‐Jung , Choi Seongho , Choi Woo Suk , Zhang Byoung‐Tak
Published: October 2023

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) agents capable of human‐level understanding of video content and conducting conversations with humans on this basis is a promising application that people expect. However, this is a challenging task that requires the holistic integration of multimodal information with temporal dependencies and reasoning, as well as social and physical commonsense. In addition, the development of appropriate systematic evaluation methods is essential. In this context, we introduce the Video Turing Test (VTT), a blind test used to evaluate human‐likeness in terms of video comprehension ability. Moreover, we propose Vincent as a video understanding AI. We explain the configuration of VTT, the architecture of Vincent to prepare for VTT and the proposed evaluation methods for video comprehension. We also estimate the current intelligence level of AI based on our results and discuss future research directions.
A Stepwise Approach to Analyzing Musculoskeletal Imaging Data With Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Mickley John P. , Grove Austin F. , Rouzrokh Pouria , Yang Linjun , Larson A. Noelle , Sanchez‐Sotello Joaquin , Maradit Kremers Hilal , Wyles Cody C.
Published: October 2023

The digitization of medical records and expanding electronic health records has created an era of “Big Data” with an abundance of available information ranging from clinical notes to imaging studies. In the field of rheumatology, medical imaging is used to guide both diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of rheumatic conditions. Although there is an abundance of data to analyze, traditional methods of image analysis are human resource intensive. Fortunately, the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) may be a solution to handle large datasets. In particular, computer vision is a field within AI that analyzes images and extracts information. Computer vision has impressive capabilities and can be applied to rheumatologic conditions, necessitating a need to understand how computer vision works. In this article, we provide an overview of AI in rheumatology and conclude with a five step process to plan and conduct research in the field of computer vision. The five steps include (1) project definition, (2) data handling, (3) model development, (4) performance evaluation, and (5) deployment into clinical care.
Fully Recyclable Cured Polymers for Sustainable 3D Printing
Authors: Jarach Natanel , Dodiuk Hanna , Kenig Samuel , Magdassi Shlomo
Published: October 2023

The most prevalent materials used in the Additive Manufacturing era are polymers and plastics. Unfortunately, these materials are recognized for their negative environmental impact as they are primarily nonrecyclable, resulting in environmental pollution. In recent years, a new sustainable alternative to these materials has been emerging: Reversible Covalent Bond‐Containing Polymers (RCBPs). These materials can be recycled, reprocessed, and reused multiple times without losing their properties. Nonetheless, they have two significant drawbacks when used in 3D printing. First, some require adding new materials every reprinting cycle, and second, others require high temperatures for (re)printing, limiting recyclability, and increasing energy consumption. This study, thus, introduces fully recyclable RCBPs as a sustainable approach for radiation‐based printing technologies. This approach enables multiple (re)printing cycles at low temperatures (50 °C lower than the lowest reported) without adding new materials. It involves purposefully synthesized polymers that undergo reversible photopolymerization, composed of a tin‐based catalyst. An everyday microwave oven quickly depolymerized these polymers, obtaining complete reversibility.
“Three‐in‐One” Nanozyme Composite for Augmented Cascade Catalytic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Cheng Yue , Xia Yue‐Dang , Sun Yi‐Qing , Wang Yong , Yin Xue‐Bo
Published: October 2023

Cascade catalytic reaction exhibits simple procedure and high efficiency, such as that from the orderly assembly of different enzymes in biological systems. Mimicking of the natural cascade procedure becomes critical, but the orderly assembly of different enzymes is still challenging. Herein, single Au–Pt nanozyme is reported with “three‐in‐one” functions to initiate cascade conversions for O2 supply as mimic catalase, H2O2 production with its glucose oxidase‐like property, and •OH generation as mimic peroxidase for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Thus, the complex assembly and cross‐talk among the different enzymes are avoided. To this end, metastable Cu2O NPs, as scaffolds, are used to anchor ultrasmall Au–Pt nanozyme, while metal–organic framework (MOF) is used to encapsulate the nanozyme for tumor microenvironment response and shielding protein adsorption. Pluronic F127 is then modified on the surface to improve hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the composite. The endogenous acidity and glutathione in tumor degrade MOF to expose nanozyme for cascade catalytic CDT. The high photothermal conversion ability also enhances the CDT, while Cu2+ ions consume GSH to further improve CDT efficiency as augmented cascade catalytic tumor therapy. Thus, a new paradigm is provided with drug‐free single nanozyme for improving tumor therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects.
An All‐Silicon Metalens Integrated with a Mid‐Wave Infrared Black Phosphorus Photodiode
Authors: Lien Max R. , Wang Nan , Wenger Tobias , Wang Han , Gunapala Sarath D. , Povinelli Michelle L.
Published: October 2023

Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising material for mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) photodetection because of its direct tunable bandgap and compatibility with a wide range of substrates, particularly silicon. However, optical signal collection in BP devices can be limited by its absorber thickness or active area. Dielectric metasurface lenses, which can be directly integrated into a device's substrate, are a scalable approach to increase the signal collected by BP photodetectors. This work presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of an all‐silicon metasurface lens for focusing MWIR light through its substrate. Then, a BP‐MoS2heterojunction photodetector is integrated with the metalens, and MWIR photodetection increases at room temperature. These results demonstrate that integrated metasurface lenses are an excellent approach for boosting the performance of MWIR BP photodetectors.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of 2‐Aryl‐3H‐indoles and CF3‐Imidoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides Toward Trifluoroacetimidoyl‐Substituted 11H‐Isoindolo[2,1‐a]indoles
Authors: Yang Zuguang , Li Pinyi , Chen Zhengkai , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: October 2023

A rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation/[4+1] annulation of 2‐aryl‐3H‐indoles and CF3‐substituted imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides (TFISYs) has been achieved, producing a wide variety of trifluoroacetimidoyl‐substituted 11H‐isoindolo[2,1‐a]indoles in 51–86% yields. The cascade reaction involves C−H imidoylmethylation, tautomerization and AgOAc‐mediated C−N bond formation sequence. The reaction could be scaled up to 2 mmol scale.
Hydrogel‐Sheathed hiPSC‐Derived Heart Microtissue Enables Anchor‐Free Contractile Force Measurement
Authors: Kurashina Yuta , Fukada Keisuke , Itai Shun , Akizuki Shuichi , Sato Ryo , Masuda Akari , Tani Hidenori , Fujita Jun , Fukuda Keiichi , Tohyama Shugo , Onoe Hiroaki
Published: October 2023

In vitro reconstruction of highly mature engineered heart tissues (EHTs) is attempted for the selection of cardiotoxic drugs suitable for individual patients before administration. Mechanical contractile force generated in the EHTs is known to be a critical indicator for evaluating the EHT response. However, measuring contractile force requires anchoring the EHT in a tailored force‐sensing cell culture chamber, causing technical difficulties in the stable evaluation of contractile force in long‐term culture. This paper proposes a hydrogel‐sheathed human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived heart microtissue (H3M) that can provide an anchor‐free contractile force measurement platform in commonly used multi‐well plates. The contractile force associated with tissue formation and drug response is calculated by motion tracking and finite element analysis on the bending angle of the hydrogel sheath. From the experiment of the drug response, H3M is an excellent drug screening platform with high sensitivity and early testing capability compared to conventionally anchored EHT. This unique platform would be useful and versatile for regenerative therapy and drug discovery research in EHT.
Biomass‐Derived Micro‐Mesoporous Carbon with Oxygen Functional Groups for High‐Rate Na–S Batteries at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhao Shen Fei , Li Chunjie , Cui Zixiang , Zhang Jing , Hu Weihua , Ma Ruguang , Li Chang Ming
Published: October 2023

Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur batteries are potential candidate for sustainable large‐scale energy storage systems due to their high energy density and low cost. However, the shuttling effect of high‐order polysulfides (Na2Sn, 4 < n ≤ 8) usually leads to rapid capacity fading, while the reaction kinetics of low‐order polysulfides (Na2Sn, 1 ≤ n ≤ 4) are slow. In this work, microporous‐mesoporous carbon derived from mangosteen peels is reported as cathode materials for RT Na–S batteries. The designed micro‐mesoporous structure not only effectively suppresses the shuttling effect of sodium polysulfides (NaPS), but also has high electrical conductivity and porosity, which facilitates electron/ion diffusion. Oxygen functional groups on the surface provide high catalytic activity for efficient low‐order NaPS conversion. The obtained Na–S battery exhibits high reversible capacity with excellent long‐term cycle performance (526.1 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1 after 1000 cycles) and outstanding rate performance (676.59 mAh g−1 at 16 A g−1). This work demonstrates a novel activation strategy of biomass‐derived carbons for high‐performance Na–S batteries.
Full‐Cell Presodiation Strategy to Enable High‐Performance Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chen Shiming , Qiu Jimin , Li Jiangxiao , Zhao Wenguang , Ji Yuchen , Yao Xiangming , Chen Ziwei , Li Ke , Dong Mingjie , Pan Feng , Yang Luyi
Published: October 2023

As promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries suffer from low coulombic efficiency, which stems from Na‐deficiency and unstable interfaces for both cathode and anode materials. Exhibiting a favorable solvation structure, Na‐naphthalene/tetrahydropyran (Na‐NP/THP) is screened and selected as a full‐cell presodiation solution for hard carbon (HC) anodes and a P‐2 type Na0.67Fe0.1Al0.1Mn0.8O2 (NFAM) cathode, which are both Na‐deficient. Through a wealth of characterizations, it is revealed that the proposed presodiation agent not only boosts the initial coulombic efficiency of both HC and NFAM electrodes effectively, but also facilitates robust solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) on both electrodes. Consequently, the long‐term cycling and rate performance are greatly improved thanks to the stabilized structures of electrode materials. Furthermore, a proof‐of‐concept NFAM||HC pouch cell based on this presodiation strategy is assembled, showing a high reversible capacity and superior cycling performance. By offering a remedy to a full cell system subjected to severe Na‐deficiency, this work conceptually demonstrates a feasible strategy to fully tap the potential of high‐energy‐density materials in sodium‐ion batteries.
Boosting the Intrinsic Stability of Lithium Metal Anodes by an Electrochemically Active Encapsulating Framework
Authors: Liang Hongmei , Wang Lingyue , He Yufang , Ren Dongsheng , Song Youzhi , Yang Kai , Wang Aiping , Yi Yanyan , Wang Li , Sun Yongming , He Xiangming
Published: October 2023

The lithium metal anode (LMA) is a promising technology to promote the energy density of secondary batteries. However, the coupled growth of surface corrosion and deposited lithium with high reactivity causes capacity fading and safety hazards, especially at high temperatures. Great efforts have been focused on preventing the LMA from direct contact with electrolytes to extend its lifespan, but few pay attention to its stability at high temperatures, which is crucial to battery safety. Herein, a 3D Li22Sn5‐based interpenetrated skeleton is introduced into the bulk of LMA with mechanical kneading, which enables a LMA with fast and stable cycles at high temperatures and improved safety under thermal abuse. The Li22Sn5 skeleton acts as a solid electrolyte inside the bulk, allowing rapid Li+ ion transport and homogenous lithium stripping/plating into the porous bulk through Li/Li22Sn5 interface. The encapsulating framework expands the electrochemically active area and limits its exposure to the electrolyte, enabling a LMA with steady cyclability even at 60 °C. Trapping lithium inside the thermally stable skeleton postpones the catastrophic exothermal reactions between lithium and electrolytes. The strategy for constructing a 3D encapsulating lithiophilic framework is promising for creating safe and stable lithium metal batteries working under harsh circumstances.
Thermally Responsive Selenide‐containing Materials Based on Transalkylation of Selenonium Salts
Authors: Chen Sisi , Scholiers Vincent , Zhang Mengyao , Zhang Jiandong , Zhu Jian , Prez Filip E. Du , Pan Xiangqiang
Published: October 2023

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) possess unique properties as a result of their internal dynamic bonds, such as self‐healing and reprocessing abilities. In this study, we report a thermally responsive C−Se dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) that relies on the transalkylation exchange between selenonium salts and selenides, which undergo a fast transalkylation reaction in the absence of any catalyst. Additionally, we demonstrate the presence of a dissociative mechanism in the absence of selenide groups. After incorporation of this DCC into selenide‐containing polymer materials, it was observed that the cross‐linked networks display varying dynamic exchange rates when using different alkylation reagents, suggesting that the reprocessing capacity of selenide‐containing materials can be regulated. Also, by incorporating selenonium salts into polymer materials, we observed that the materials exhibited good healing ability at elevated temperatures as well as excellent solvent resistance at ambient temperature. This novel dynamic covalent chemistry thus provides a straightforward method for the healing and reprocessing of selenide‐containing materials.
Biomimetic Synthesis of an Antiviral Cinnamoylphloroglucinol Collection from Cleistocalyx operculatus: A Synthetic Strategy Based on Biogenetic Building Blocks
Authors: Wang Jie , Song Jian‐Guo , Zhong Dong‐Lin , Duan Zhi‐Zhang , Peng Zi‐Jian , Tang Wei , Song Qiao‐Yun , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Hu Li‐Jun , Wang Ying , Ye Wen‐Cai
Published: October 2023

A synthetic strategy based on biogenetic building blocks for the collective and divergent biomimetic synthesis of cleistoperlones A−F, a cinnamoylphloroglucinol collection discovered from Cleistocalyx operculatus, has been developed. These syntheses proceeded successfully in only six to seven steps starting from commercially available 1,3,5‐benzenetriol and involving oxidative activation of stable biogenetic building blocks as a crucial step. Key features of the syntheses include a unique Michael addition/ketalization/1,6‐addition/enol‐keto tautomerism cascade reaction for the construction of the dihydropyrano[3,2‐d]xanthene tetracyclic core of cleistoperlones A and B, and a rare inverse‐electron‐demand hetero‐Diels–Alder cycloaddition for the establishment of benzopyran ring in cleistoperlones D−F. Moreover, cleistoperlone A exhibited significant antiviral activity against acyclovir‐resistant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1/Blue and HSV‐1/153).
Rational Design of an Air‐Stable, High‐Spin Diradical with Diazapyrene
Authors: Zhu Ziqi , Zhang Di , Xiao Tongtong , Fang Yu‐Hui , Xiao Xiao , Wang Xiao‐Ge , Jiang Shang‐Da , Zhao Dahui
Published: October 2023

Stable carbon‐based polyradicals exhibiting strong spin‐spin coupling and slow depolarization processes are particularly attractive functional materials. A new molecular motif synthesized by a convenient method that allows the integration of stable, high‐spin radicals to (hetero)aromatic polycycles has been developed, as illustrated by a non‐Kekulé diradical showing a triplet ground state with long persistency (τ1/2≈31 h) in air. Compared to the widely used 1,3‐phenylene, the newly designed (diaza)pyrene‐4,10‐diyl moiety is for the first time demonstrated to confer ferromagnetic (FM) spin coupling, allowing delocalized non‐disjoint SOMOs. With the X‐ray crystallography unambiguously proving the diradical structure, the triplet ground state was thoroughly characterized. A large ΔES‐T of 1.1 kcal/mol, proving the strong FM coupling effect, was revealed consistently by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements and variable‐temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, while the zero‐field splitting and triplet nutation characters were examined by continuous‐wave and pulsed EPR spectroscopy. A millisecond spin‐lattice relaxation time was also detected. The current study not only offers a new molecular motif enabling FM coupling between carbon‐based spins, but more importantly presents a general method for installing stable polyradicals into functional π‐systems.
Improving the migration resistance against phthalate plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride/graphene oxide composites
Authors: Chen XingBao , Wu Xudong , Zhao Shiwei , Lei Yuan , Zhou Shiyi , Lei Jingxin , Jiang Liang
Published: October 2023

Phthalic plasticizer plays an important role in processing and manufacturing one of the universal polymer materials, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), which has been widely applied in every aspect of our lives. However, there still exists the intrinsic problem in migration resistance of phthalic plasticizer in long‐term use. In this work, we take a facile and convenient approach by incorporating commercial graphene oxide (GO) into PVC matrix to prepare polyvinyl chloride/graphene oxide (PVC/GO) composites, forming a sheet structure for improving the migration resistance of phthalic plasticizer. The advantages of GO that has abundant oxygen‐containing groups on its surface, including carboxyl groups at the sheet edges, epoxy groups, and hydroxyl groups on its basal planes. Especially, these oxygen‐containing groups in GO are beneficial to blend with long molecular chain of PVC and the sheet structure of GO can prevent phthalic plasticizer migrating from interior PVC. Addition of GO not only effectively enhanced the mechanical properties of PVC/GO composites but also improve their migration resistance due to the sheet structure. This strategy provides an attractive way to solve the problem of migration of plasticizer with simple incorporation GO into the matrix of PVC, reinforcing the composite properties and broadening its applied fields.
Cranial anatomy of the “round‐headed”AmphisbaenianZygaspis quadrifrons(Squamata, Amphisbaenia) based on high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Bell Christopher J. , Cadena Cristhian , Meza Antonio , Rudie Lauren , Lewis Patrick J.
Published: October 2023

Amphisbaenians are a poorly understood clade of fossorial lizards. Because of their derived anatomy and relative scarcity, the systematics of the clade and its placement within squamates has long been controversial. Traditional approaches grouped species into four assemblages according to burrowing behavior and cranial morphology, resulting in the recognition of “shovel‐headed,” “round‐headed,” “keel‐headed,” and “spade‐headed” morphotypes. Recent phylogenetic analyses do not support the monophyly of the taxa that share those morphotypes. Detailed analyses of cranial osteology were previously accomplished using high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography (HRXCT) for the “shovel‐headed”Rhineura hatcherii(Rhineruidae) and the “spade‐headed”Diplometopon zarudnyi(Trogonophidae). A detailed description of the “round‐headed”Amphisbaena albawas previously completed based upon traditional “dry” skeletal specimens. Seven species of the “round‐headed”Blanus(Blanidae) were also analyzed using HRXCT. The goal of that project was a comparative analysis of all extant species ofBlanusrather than a detailed, bone‐by‐bone description of one species, but certainly is useful for comparison with another “round‐headed” taxon. The “round‐headed” morphotype is by far the most common among amphisbaenians and is much in need of further documentation. We use HRXCT imagery to provide additional data about the disparity in cranial morphology among amphisbaenians. Those data allow us to provide another detailed description of a “round‐headed” amphisbaenian, the poorly known southern African speciesZygaspis quadrifrons. HRXCT is ideal for this relatively rare and diminutive species. We are able to visualize and describe a detailed reconstruction of the entire skull as well as individual cranial elements. Comparisons with other species that were described in similar detail—D.zarudnyi,Spathorhynchus fossorium,R.hatcherii, andA.alba—and to a lesser degree withBlanus, reveal a complex mosaic of morphological features of the skull inZygaspis. Preliminary data suggest that intraspecific variation is present withinZ.quadrifrons, and interspecific variation among other species ofZygaspismay be sufficient for species‐level recognition based on cranial osteology. Our description is, therefore, also intended to serve as a baseline for comparative analysis of other specimens ofZ.quadrifronsand of other species within the genus.
Feste Gashydrate. IV Doppelhydrate
Authors: v. Stackelberg M. , Frühbuss H.
Published: October 2023

Die von Molekeln (M) geeigneter Größe (6 bis 7 Å) und H2S oder H2Se gebildeten „Doppelhydrate”︁ der Zusammensetzung M · 2H2S · 17 H2O erweisen sich als definierte Verbindungen (singuläre Phasen), obgleich sie das gleiche Gitter wie die H2S‐freien einfachen Hydrate von M haben: Die Tensionen der Doppelhydrate bleiben beim Abpumpen von H2S konstant bis zur völligen Zersetzung.

Ergebnisse von direkten und indirekten Analysen und von Tensionsmessungen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen werden mitgeteilt. Die Besonderheiten dieser heterogenen Gleichgewichte und der Kinetik ihrer Einstellung werden besprochen. Die Thermodynamik wird in einer folgenden Abhandlung V behandelt werden.
Indirekte Kernspinkopplung der Äthylverbindungen: SeEt2, CdEt2 und TeEt2
Authors: Breuninger V. , Dreeskamp H. , Pfisterer G.
Published: October 2023

Die Protonenresonanzspektren der Diäthylverbindungen des Selens, Cadmiums und Tellurs wurden bei den Resonanzfrequenzen von 60, 56,4 und 32 MHz gemessen. Vergleich der experimentellen mit berechneten Spektren ergab die Konstanten der indirekten Kernspinkopplung zwischen Protonen und Metallatom. Für Diäthylcadmium wurde ungleiches Vorzeichen der Kopplungskonstanten zwischen Cadmium und Methylen‐ bzw. Methylprotonen gefunden, während bei den Selen‐ und Tellurverbindungen die entsprechenden Konstanten gleiches Vorzeichen haben. Es werden für alle bislang untersuchten Äthylverbindungen eine Korrelation des Verhältnisses dieser Konstanten mit der Stellung des Heteroatoms im periodischen System aufgezeigt und damit Aussagen über die Vorzeichen dieser Konstanten gemacht.
Die Schmelzkeimbildung in Eis unter erhöhtem Druck
Authors: Kaiser G.
Published: October 2023

Durch hohen Druck kann Eis thermodynamisch überhitzt werden. Mit dieser Hochdruckmethode wird die kritische Überschreitung des Umwandlungspunktes, bei welcher im Eis Schmelzkeime entstehen, gemessen. Aus der kritischen Überschreitung läßt sich die Keimgröße berechnen, wenn man die Keime als kugelförmig idealisiert; der so berechnete Keimradius stellt einen Mittelwert der Dimensionen des wirklichen Keims dar. Aus der beobachteten Keimgröße folgt, daß es sich nicht um homogene Keimbildung handeln kann, sondern daß Schmelzkerne in Form von ausgedehnten Kristallfehlern oder Fremdeinschlüssen vorliegen müssen.
Time‐restricted feeding regulates lipid metabolism under metabolic challenges
Authors: Guo Yiming , Livelo Christopher , Melkani Girish C.
Published: October 2023

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a commonly observed feature associated with metabolic syndrome and leads to the development of negative health outcomes such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, or atherosclerosis. Time‐restricted feeding/eating (TRF/TRE), an emerging dietary intervention, has been shown to promote pleiotropic health benefits including the alteration of diurnal expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, as well as levels of lipid species. Although TRF likely induces a response in multiple organs leading to the modulation of lipid metabolism, a majority of the studies related to TRF effects on lipids have focused only on individual tissues, and furthermore there is a lack of insight into potential underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current insights regarding TRF effects on lipid metabolism and the potential mechanisms in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and heart, and conclude by outlining possible avenues for future exploration.
Predictive factors for early neurological deterioration after intravenous thrombolysis of single subcortical infarction in the territory of the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Zhao Meng , Zhong Xuemin , Du Jiaxiu , He Lanying , Wang Jian
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Patients with a single subcortical infarction (SSI) in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) often experience early neurological deterioration (END) despite receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IVT). In this study, predictors of END were investigated in patients with SSI in the MCA after IVT.

Methods

Patients with SSI in the MCA territory who had received IVT between June 2020 and 2022 were included. END was defined as an increase in the total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score by ≥2 or in the motor NIHSS score by ≥1 within the first 72 h of admission. Patients with proximal (pSSI) and distal SSI (dSSI) were analyzed to determine SSI type‐specific predictors for END.

Results

We evaluated 174 patients with SSI in the MCA territory who underwent IVT. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that pSSI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.242; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.104–0.564; p = .001), lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) (OR = 0.150; 95% CI, 0.033–0.682; p = .014), higher blood glucose (OR = 0.858; 95% CI, 0.752–0.979; p = .023), and higher red blood cells count (OR = 1.966; 95% CI, 1.154–3.349; p = .013) were risk factors for END. In patients with pSSI, HDL‐C and blood glucose were associated with END. No variable related to END was found in the dSSI group.

Conclusions

The proportion of END in patients with SSI in the MCA territory after IVT was not low; therefore, pSSI, HDL‐C, blood glucose, and red blood cells should be monitored closely. The frequency and predictors of SSI in the MCA territory differed between pSSI and dSSI.
Chemical Diversity and Medicinal Potential ofVitex negundoL.: From Traditional Knowledge to Modern Clinical Trials
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Radha  , Kumar Manoj , Andrade‐Cetto Adolfo , Puri Sunil , Kumar Amit , Thakur Mamta , Chandran Deepak , Pundir Ashok , Prakash Suraj , Pandiselvam Ravi , Sandhu Surinder , Khosla Ananya , Kumar Sunil , Lorenzo Jose M.
Published: October 2023

Background: In Vedic context, Nirgundi (V. negundo) has been utilized for its anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and wound‐healing properties. It has been employed to alleviate pain, treat skin conditions, and address various ailments. The plant‘s leaves, roots, and seeds have all found applications in traditional remedies. The knowledge of Nirgundi's medicinal benefits has been passed down through generations, and it continues to be a part of Ayurvedic and traditional medicine practices in India.
An educational program affirming immigrant entrepreneurship, critical consciousness, and cultural strengths
Authors: Cadenas German A. , Cantú Elizabeth A. , Sosa Raquel , Carroll Sabrina , Lynn Nathalie , Suro Beatriz , Ruth Alissa
Published: October 2023

This study reports on the experiences of immigrants in a culturally responsive community entrepreneurship program named Poder. Immigrants make up a sizable proportion of the workforce and contribute to the US economy by creating jobs through entrepreneurship endeavors. However, research about culturally responsive programs for the immigrant community to assist in exploring entrepreneurship opportunities is lacking. The consensual qualitative research (CQR) method was implemented to analyze the interviews of 11 immigrant students, who participated in the 5‐week program at a community college. Analyses revealed that students engaged in critical consciousness regarding barriers to entrepreneurship, educational values and barriers, achievement values, and the unique experience of immigrant entrepreneurs. Students addressed cultural advantages to reduce barriers during the program by engaging supports, family, technology, and community as resources. These strategies may be helpful to scholars, educators, and practitioners seeking to support immigrants in pursuing community entrepreneurship as educational and career pathways.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of N−N Biaryl Atropisomers
Authors: Feng Jia , Liu Ren‐Rong
Published: October 2023

Atropisomers have emerged as important structural scaffolds in natural products, drug design, and asymmetric synthesis. Recently, N−N biaryl atropisomers have drawn increasing interest due to their unique structure and relatively stable axes. However, its asymmetric synthesis remains scarce compared to its well‐developed C−C biaryl analogs. In this concept, we summarize the asymmetric synthesis of N−N biaryl atropisomers including N−N pyrrole−pyrrole, N−N pyrrole−indole, N−N indole−indole, and N−N indole−carbazole, during which a series synthetic strategies are highlighted. Also, a synthetic evolution is briefly reviewed and an outlook of N−N biaryl atropisomers synthesis is offered.
Dynamic and Assembly Characteristics of Deep‐Cavity Basket Acting as a Host for Inclusion Complexation of Mitoxantrone in Biotic and Abiotic Systems
Authors: Pavlović Radoslav Z. , Finnegan Tyler J. , Metlushko Anna , Hansen Alexandar L. , Waudby Christopher A. , Wang Xiuze , Hoefer Nicole , McComb David W. , Pavić Aleksandar , Plackić Nikola , Novaković Jovana , Bradić Jovana , Jeremić Nevena , Jakovljević Vladimir , Šmit Biljana , Matić Sanja , Alvarez‐Saavedra Matias A. , Čapo Ivan , Moore Curtis E. , Stupp Samuel I. , Badjić Jovica D.
Published: October 2023

We describe the preparation, dynamic, assembly characteristics of vase‐shaped basket 13− along with its ability to form an inclusion complex with anticancer drug mitoxantrone in abiotic and biotic systems. This novel cavitand has a deep nonpolar pocket consisting of three naphthalimide sides fused to a bicyclic platform at the bottom while carrying polar glycines at the top. The results of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), 1H NMR Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST), Calorimetry, Hybrid Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics (REMD), and Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED) measurements are in line with 1 forming dimer [12]6−, to be in equilibrium with monomers 1(R)3− (relaxed) and 1(S)3− (squeezed). Through simultaneous line‐shape analysis of 1H NMR data, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters characterizing these equilibria were quantified. Basket 1(R)3− includes anticancer drug mitoxantrone (MTO2+) in its pocket to give stable binary complex [MTO⊂1]− (Kd=2.1 μM) that can be precipitated in vitro with UV light or pH as stimuli. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the basket is nontoxic, while at a higher proportion with respect to MTO it reduced its cytotoxicity in vitro. With well‐characterized internal dynamics and dimerization, the ability to include mitoxantrone, and biocompatibility, the stage is set to develop sequestering agents from deep‐cavity baskets.
Feasibility of institution‐agnostic, EHR‐integrated regional clinical trial matching
Authors: Shriver Sharon P. , Arafat Waddah , Potteiger Caroline , Butler Dorothy L. , Beg Muhammad S. , Hullings Melanie , Semy Salim , Lister Zach , Khosama Leticia , Armstrong Susan , Hadley David , Pappa John , Fleury Mark E.
Published: October 2023

Background

A lack of onsite clinical trials is the largest barrier to participation of cancer patients in trials. Development of an automated process for regional trial eligibility screening first requires identification of patient electronic health record data that allows effective trial screening, and evidence that searching for trials regionally has a positive impact compared with site‐specific searching.

Methods

To assess a screening framework that would support an automated regional search tool, a set of patient clinical variables was analyzed for prescreening clinical trials. The variables were used to assess regional compared with site‐specific screening throughout the United States.

Results

Eight core variables from patient electronic health records were identified that yielded likely matches in a prescreen process. Assessment of the screening framework was performed using these variables to search for trials locally and regionally for an 84‐patient cohort. The likelihood that a trial returned in this prescreen was a provisional trial match was 45.7%. Expanding the search radius to 20 miles led to a net 91% increase in matches across cancers within the tested cohort. In a U.S. regional analysis, for sparsely populated areas, searching a 100‐mile radius using the prescreening framework was needed, whereas for urban areas a 20‐mile radius was sufficient.

Conclusion

A clinical trial screening framework was assessed that uses limited patient data to efficiently and effectively identify prescreen matches for clinical trials. This framework improves trial matching rates when searching regionally compared with locally, although the applicability of this framework may vary geographically depending on oncology practice density.

Plain Language Summary

Clinical trials provide cancer patients the opportunity to participate in research and development of new drugs and treatment approaches. It can be difficult to find available clinical trials for which a patient is eligible.

This article describes an approach to clinical trial matching using limited patient data to search for trials regionally, beyond just the patient’s local care site.

Feasibility testing shows that this process can lead to a net 91% increase in the number of potential clinical trial matches available within 20 miles of a patient.

Based on these findings, a software tool based on this model is being developed that will automatically send limited, deidentified information from patient medical records to services that can identify possible clinical trials within a given region.
Consensus recommendations for improving the cancer clinical trial matching environment
Authors: Fleury Mark E.
Published: October 2023

Enrollment in cancer clinical trials cannot occur without first successfully identifying trials for which patients are a match based on their clinical characteristics. A lack of onsite matching trials has been identified as the single largest barrier preventing patients from participating in clinical trials. The site‐agnostic cancer clinical trial matching environment is a mix of public and private tools and infrastructure that are not designed to work together to facilitate trial matching in an efficient manner. To identify policy and infrastructure solutions that could enable more effective and more frequent use of third‐party site‐agnostic matching, the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network held a summit to examine challenges and propose consensus recommendations that could address those challenges. At this 2019 summit, stakeholders in this field examined these barriers and challenges and made a number of policy and infrastructure recommendations to improve the ability of this environment to work in a more coordinated and efficient manner.
Connectivity and molecular profiles of Foxp2‐ and Dbx1‐lineage neurons in the accessory olfactory bulb and medial amygdala
Authors: Prakash Nandkishore , Matos Heidi Y. , Sebaoui Sonia , Tsai Luke , Tran Tuyen , Aromolaran Adejimi , Atrachji Isabella , Campbell Nya , Goodrich Meredith , Hernandez‐Pineda David , Herrero Maria Jesus , Hirata Tsutomu , Lischinsky Julieta , Martinez Wendolin , Torii Shisui , Yamashita Satoshi , Hosseini Hassan , Sokolowski Katie , Esumi Shigeyuki , Kawasawa Yuka Imamura , Hashimoto‐Torii Kazue , Jones Kevin S. , Corbin Joshua G.
Published: October 2023

In terrestrial vertebrates, the olfactory system is divided into main (MOS) and accessory (AOS) components that process both volatile and nonvolatile cues to generate appropriate behavioral responses. While much is known regarding the molecular diversity of neurons that comprise the MOS, less is known about the AOS. Here, focusing on the vomeronasal organ (VNO), the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), and the medial amygdala (MeA), we reveal that populations of neurons in the AOS can be molecularly subdivided based on their ongoing or prior expression of the transcription factors Foxp2 or Dbx1, which delineate separate populations of GABAergic output neurons in the MeA. We show that a majority of AOB neurons that project directly to the MeA are of the Foxp2 lineage. Using single‐neuron patch‐clamp electrophysiology, we further reveal that in addition to sex‐specific differences across lineage, the frequency of excitatory input to MeA Dbx1‐ and Foxp2‐lineage neurons differs between sexes. Together, this work uncovers a novel molecular diversity of AOS neurons, and lineage and sex differences in patterns of connectivity.
Unveiling the electron configuration‐dependent oxygen evolution activity of 2D porous Sr‐substituted LaFeO3 perovskite through microwave shock
Authors: Fang Guangyu , Liu Kaisi , Fan Miao , Xian Jinglin , Wu Zhiao , Wei Liyun , Tian Haoran , Jiang Huiyu , Xu Weilin , Jin Huanyu , Wan Jun
Published: October 2023

Developing an efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst is beneficial in various energy conversion and storage applications for achieving the “Carbon Neutrality” goal. Among the iron‐based perovskite oxides (AFeO3), LaFeO3 stands out as a preferred catalyst for electrocatalytic OER due to its exceptional selectivity in oxygen bonding at the A‐site. The introduction of A‐site substitution and controlled morphological engineering in perovskite structures has proven effective in enhancing the electrical conductivity and intrinsic catalytic activity. Nevertheless, the conventional A‐site substitution approach often involves prolonged high‐temperature calcination, leading to the agglomeration of nanostructures, particularly in two‐dimensional (2D) porous configurations. Herein, we introduce a novel method for synthesizing 2D porous LaFeO3 perovskite with A‐site Sr substitution using microwave shock. This microwave technique capitalizes on the benefits of transient heating and cooling, enabling simultaneous construction of 2D porous morphology and precise regulation of Sr substitution in one step. By conducting theoretical simulations of the electron configuration and analysis of crystal structure, we unveil the impact of Sr substitution on the OER activity of 2D porous LaFeO3. The synthesized La0.2Sr0.8FeO3 (LSFO‐8) catalyst exhibits an exceptional overpotential of 339 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 56.84 mV dec−1 in alkaline electrolyte. This investigation provides a fresh perspective for the design and engineering of electronic configuration in highly active 2D perovskite materials.
Crosstalk between m6A modification and alternative splicing during cancer progression
Authors: Zhu Zhi‐Man , Huo Fu‐Chun , Zhang Jian , Shan Hong‐Jian , Pei Dong‐Sheng
Published: October 2023

Background

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes, is added by m6A methyltransferases, removed by m6A demethylases and recognised by m6A‐binding proteins. This modification significantly influences carious facets of RNA metabolism and plays a pivotal role in cellular and physiological processes.

Main body

Pre‐mRNA alternative splicing, a process that generates multiple splice isoforms from multi‐exon genes, contributes significantly to the protein diversity in mammals. Moreover, the presence of crosstalk between m6A modification and alternative splicing, with m6A modifications on pre‐mRNAs exerting regulatory control, has been established. The m6A modification modulates alternative splicing patterns by recruiting specific RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) that regulate alternative splicing or by directly influencing the interaction between RBPs and their target RNAs. Conversely, alternative splicing can impact the deposition or recognition of m6A modification on mRNAs. The integration of m6A modifications has expanded the scope of therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment, while alternative splicing offers novel insights into the mechanistic role of m6A methylation in cancer initiation and progression.

Conclusion

This review aims to highlight the biological functions of alternative splicing of m6A modification machinery and its implications in tumourigenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical relevance of understanding m6A‐dependent alternative splicing in tumour therapies.
NIMHD designates people with disabilities as a population with health disparities
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: October 2023

The National Institute of Health, through its National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, recently designated people with disabilities as a population with health disparities (https://bit.ly/48AsXdh). This designation applies to groups who “experience significant disparities in their rates of illness, morbidity, mortality, and survival, driven by social disadvantage, compared to the health status of the general population.” It also allows the NIMHD to support research specific to the health issues and unmet healthcare needs of specific demographics. Other NIH‐designated populations with health disparities include (1) racial and ethnic minority groups, (2) people with lower socioeconomic status, (3) underserved rural communities, and (4) sexual and gender minorities.
Activity‐aggression behavioural syndromes exist in males but not in females of the field cricket Teleogryllus emma
Authors: Han Chang S. , Lee Byeongho , Moon Jong‐yeol
Published: October 2023

Previous studies on sex differences in behaviour have largely focused on differences in average behaviours between sexes. However, males and females can diverge not only in average behaviours but also in the direction of behavioural correlations at the individual level (i.e. behavioural syndromes). Behavioural syndromes, with their potential to constrain the independent evolution of behaviours, may play a role in shaping sex‐specific responses to selection and contributing to the development of sex differences in behaviour. Despite the pivotal role of behavioural syndromes in the evolution of sexual dimorphism in behaviour, robust empirical evidence of sex differences in behavioural syndromes based on repeated measurements of behaviours is scarce. In this study, we conducted repeated measurements of activity and aggression in male and female field crickets Teleogryllus emma, providing evidence of sex differences in the existence of behavioural syndromes. Males exhibited a significantly positive behavioural syndrome between activity and aggression, whereas females, in contrast, did not show any aggressive behaviour, resulting in the absence of such a syndrome. The sex differences in the existence of the activity‐aggression behavioural syndromes in this species could be attributed to differences in selection. Selection favouring more active and aggressive males may have shaped a positive activity‐aggression behavioural syndrome in males, whereas the absence of selection favouring female aggression may have resulted in the absence of aggression and the related behavioural syndrome in females. However, given the plasticity of behaviour with changes in age or the environment, further research is needed to explore how sex differences in the existence of activity‐aggression behavioural syndromes change across contexts. Furthermore, understanding the genetic underpinning of sex differences in a behavioural syndrome would be pivotal to assess the role of behavioural syndromes in the evolution of sexual dimorphism in behaviours.
Leech‐derived iDNA complements traditional surveying methods, enhancing species detections for rapid biodiversity sampling in the tropics
Authors: Fahmy Mai , Andrianoely Dina , Wright Patricia C. , Hekkala Evon
Published: October 2023

Deforestation, exploitation, and other drivers of biodiversity loss in Madagascar leave its highly endangered and predominantly endemic wildlife at risk of extinction. Decreasing biodiversity threatens to compromise ecosystem functions and vital services provided to people. New, economical, and diverse methods of biodiversity monitoring can help to establish reliable baseline and long‐term records of species richness. Metabarcoding with invertebrate‐derived DNA (iDNA) has emerged as a promising new biosurveillance tool. An unexpected wet forest fragment tucked in the dry cliffs of Madagascar's southcentral plateau, the Ivohibory Protected Area (IPA), hosts a unique mosaic of species diversity, featuring both dry and wet forest species. Recently elevated to protected status, the IPA has been surveyed for flora and fauna with a range of inventory methods over the course of three years and six expeditions (2016, 2017, & 2019). We collected 1451 leeches over 12 days from the IPA to supplement known species richness and to compare results against current records. With iDNA, we pooled tissues, isolated, and amplified bloodmeal DNA with five sets of primers. We detected 20 species of which four are species of frogs previously undetected and three of which are previously unknown to exist in this region. iDNA surveys have the capacity to provide complementary data to traditional surveying methods like camera traps, line transects, and bioacoustic methods.
Power factor control for inverters under high penetration of distributed generation
Authors: Yamada Yasuaki , Nanahara Toshiya , Yukita Kazuto
Published: October 2023

The paper proposes a method to select a power factor for an inverter of distributed power generation systems to keep appropriate voltage of a power system with the high penetration of inverter‐interfaced generation. The increase of inverter‐interfaced power sources, such as wind and photovoltaic power generation, arouses concerns on the voltage fluctuations in a power system. While constant power factor control of an inverter has been studied as a means to stabilize the voltage of a power system, there still remains room to improve the control. The proposed method in the paper selects the power factor based on the R/X ratio of the looking‐back impedance into the interconnected power system. By normalizing the related variables, a general formula is derived for the power factor, and the resultant relationship between the apparent power and voltage of an inverter becomes identical irrespective of the R/X ratio with the control. Sample studies show that, by operating an inverter with the power factor, voltage fluctuations are effectively suppressed even for a power system with the high penetration of inverter‐interfaced generation.