bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La disolución de las Cámaras en el sistema constitucional español de 1978: Teoría y práctica en cuatro décadas democráticas
Authors: Cuenca Miranda Alfonso
Published: July 2019

La disolución del Parlamento es uno de los elementos claves en la forma de gobierno parlamentaria, habiendo tenido un papel capital en su conformación histórica. En la actualidad, la disolución es contemplada por la mayoría de Constituciones que acogen tal forma de gobierno, actuando como un elemento crucial en el equilibrio entre ejecutivo y legislativo.

El presente estudio analiza tres aspectos principales de dicho instituto. En primer término, la teoría general sobre la disolución y su realidad en el derecho comparado. En segundo término, la regulación de la misma por el constituyente español de 1978. Y, finalmente, se realiza un excurso sobre las doce disoluciones habidas en España desde la aprobación de la Constitución.
Parlamento y mujer en la España constitucional
Authors: Hernández Oliver Blanca
Published: July 2019

El Parlamento español, desde la aprobación de la Constitución española, ha llevado a cabo un importante trabajo para contribuir a la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres. Las cifras demuestran la evolución creciente del interés parlamentario por el tema y también la mayor presencia de mujeres en los órganos parlamentarios, a pesar de que se siguen apreciando diferencias respecto a los varones. Los retos de las Cámaras para alcanzar la igualdad son, en definitiva, los de la propia sociedad española en pleno siglo XXI: la erradicación de la violencia de género, el techo de cristal o la brecha salarial están entre los más importantes.
Sukuk Dan Kontribusinya Dalam Pembiayaan Pembangunan
Authors: Khatimah Husnul
Published: July 2019

This study analyzes the role of sukuk in national economic development. During this time the source of development financing consists of several kinds including taxes, bonds, foreign debt and Islamic bonds (sukuk). Sukuk has been developed in Indonesia since 2002 (published Indosat) and is still growing and the number of issuers are even greater. The research method using descriptive quantitative, data source in this research is secondary data obtained, balance of payments in the government, the state budget. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were processed using matrix comparison of the performance of sukuk and conventional bonds to finance national development. The role and contribution of sukuk to finance the construction has been increasing. In 2011 amounted to 34% of financing needs are met through sukuk. Until 2016 the proportion was 60%. Instead the role of foreign debt be decreased. In 2011 only 7%, and by 2016 the portion close to 0%.
Wirausaha Masa Depan: Analisis Kepribadian Kewirausahaan Mahasiswa Bisnis
Authors: Sisilia Kristina
Published: July 2019

A successful entrepreneur has to get an entrepreneur personality. This personality may encourage someone to make decision about starting their own business. Students who choose to enroll in a business school hope to have sufficient business knowledge to start a new business during or after their graduation. This research analyzes entrepreneurial personality of business students. The personalities are focus on entrepreneurial interest, motivation, and tolerance for ambiguity and risk tolerance using descriptive qualitative method. The results show that business students’ characteristics have a very good entrepreneurial interest and motivation in business but their ambiguity and risk tolerance are at moderate level. It means that they dare to start business, make business decisions and activities, and aware of the losing capital and time as the potential risks.
Peningkatan Motivasi Kerja Melalui Gaya Kepemimpinan
Authors: Rizaldi Arjuna
Published: July 2019

This research aims to find out the impact of leadership style to employees’ motivation. The hypothesis proposed is that the employee’s motivation will improve if the leadership style used is able to fulfill the employee’s expectation. This research is conducted in the railway transport service company of the State-Owned Entities (BUMN) in Bandung. The respondents are the employees of the company. The questionnaires are distributed after doing validity and reliability tests. After that, the questionnaires are analyzed using Rank Spearman Correlation. The descriptive analysis shows that both leadership style and work motivation have a significant correlation.
Algoritma Dijktra Untuk Menentukan Jalur Terpendek Dalam Sistem Informasi Geografis
Authors: Pramudita Rully , Safitri Nadya
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Big cities in Indonesia always experience a lot of congestion, especially during holidays. It needs the right route to reach the tourist destination. Bandung city will be the location of this study, which every holiday it always happens congestion in this city. Therefore, a solution should be carried out that can provide solutions in finding independent pathways that can help government to manage the traffic. In determining the shortest path there are several choices of algorithms. This study uses one of the shortest path algorithms, namely the Dijktra algorithm to calculate the shortest path. The case area in this study is the road in Bandung city which starts from the road Ir. H. Juanda to Leuwipanjang. The road points passed are obtained from several main road nodes that are often used. The coordinate calculation of each node will be calculated by the concept of graph and haversine formula.

The results of this study are the shortest route through the use of the Dijktra algorithm.

 

Keywords: Algorithm Graph, Shortest Path, Dijktra, Haversine Formula.

 

Abstrak

 

Kota-kota besar di Indonesia saat ini banyak mengalami masalah kemacetan, terutama ketika masa-masa liburan. Dibutuhkan rute jalan yang tepat untuk mencapai tempat wisata tujuan. Kota Bandung akan menjadi lokasi penelitian ini, dimana setiap masa liburan selalu terjadi kemacetan. Perlu penelitian untuk memberikan solusi dalam mencari jalur tependek yang dapat membantu dinas terkait dalam mengelola lalu-lintas. Dalam menentukan jalur terpendek ada beberapa pilihan algoritma penyelesaian, salah satunya digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu algoritma Dijktra, salah satu algoritma shortest path untuk menghitung jalur terpendek. Kasus yang diambil dalam penelitian ini yaitu rute jalan di Kota Bandung yang bermula dari jalan Ir.H.Djuanda hingga di jalan Leuwipanjang. Titk-titik jalan yang dilalui didapatkan dari beberapa simpul jalan utama yang sering digunakan. Perhitungan koordinat setiap simpul akan dihitung dengan konsep graf dan rumus haversine formula. Rute jalur terpendek terbukti dapat ditemukan menggunakan perhitungan algoritma Dijktra.

 

Kata kunci: Algoritma Graf, Jalur Terpendek, Dijktra, Formula Haversine
Metode Waterfall Dalam Sistem Informasi Penyewaan Mobil Berbasis Desktop
Authors: Ramadhani Diah Putri , Saputra Fachrullyanta Adi , Syahfitri Intan Cahya , Herlawati Herlawati
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Transaction process in small and medium company in Indonesia often been done manually. It causes delays in reporting to the company management. Therefore, a computerized system is needed to overcome the problems which are often encountered in the current system as well as to support business development and increase the car rental process at company. The development method used in this research is the Waterfall with the typical steps:  analyzing the data obtained from the company either in the form of rental reports or interviews with employees, designing, implementing and testing the system created. For implementation, a program was created in VB.NET with database from Microsoft Access software. This research produces a computerized car rental information system that can improve the quality of service to customers, make reports quickly, precisely and accurately, minimize errors in data collection, and store data more structured and able to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the car rental process at a company.
Keywords: Information Systems, Microsoft Access, Leasing, VB.NET.
Abstrak
Proses transaksi yang dilakukan di perusahaan menengah ke bawah kebanyakan masih manual. Hal ini mengakibatkan keterlambatan dalam proses pembuatan laporan untuk diberikan kepada manajemen perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu sistem yang terkomputerisasi yang mampu mengatasi masalah yang sering dihadapi dalam sistem berjalan untuk mendukung pengembangan bisnis dan peningkatan proses penyewaan mobil di perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Waterfall, dengan menganalisis data yang diperoleh dari perusahaan, baik dalam bentuk laporan penyewaan maupun wawancara dengan karyawan, kemudian merancang, menerapkan dan menguji sistem yang dibuat. Untuk pembuatan program menggunakan software VB.NET dan Microsoft Access. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem informasi penyewaan mobil yang terkomputerisasi yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kepada pelanggan, membuat laporan cepat, tepat dan akurat, meminimalkan kesalahan dalam pengumpulan data, dan penyimpanan data lebih terstruktur dan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas proses penyewaan mobil di perusahaan.
Kata Kunci: Sistem Informasi, Microsoft Access, Penyewaan, VB.NET.
Teaching Arabic to the Indonesian Student from a Functional Perspecive/تعليم اللغة العربية للدارس الإندونيسيي من منظور وظيفي
Authors: Manshur Umar
Published: July 2019

Learning Arabic in Indonesia recently is more oriented on comprehension syintax and morphology which aims at reading skill on islamic classic book. However in modern challenge, indonesian learner are requaired able to communicate in Arabic actively, so learning Arabic is not only focused on the development of receptive skill, but on productive skill as well. Learning Arabic on the development of productive skill does not only use communicative method, moreover it is also conducted for functional material, including the grammar which is learned functional grammar.كان تعليم اللغة العربية في إندونيسيا يهدف إلى تعزيز القواعد النحوية والصرفية لأجل تنمية المهارة في قراءة الكتب التراثية. إلا أن تحديات معاصرة تتطلب الدارس الإندويسي أن يتقن الاتصال النشيط باللغة العربية، فينبغي تعليمها لا يهدف إلى تنمية المهارة الإستقبالية فقط، بل يهدف أيضا إلى تنمية المهارة الإنتاجية. وتعليم اللغة العربية الذي يهدف إلى تنمية المهارة الإنتاجية لا يكفي باستخدام الطريقة الإتصالية فحسب، بل لا بد أن تكون المواد المحضرة موادا وظيفية وكذلك القواعد اللغوية المتعلمة أن تكون قواعدا وظيفية.
A Correlation Study Between the Efficiency of the Educational Teacher and the Motivation of the Students to Learn the Arabic Language in the "Rawdah Al-Khair" Secondary School of Islamic Probolinggo/دراسة ارتباطية بين كفاءة المعلم التعليمية ودافعية الطلبة على تعلم اللغة العربية في مدرسة "روضة الخير" الثانوية الإسلامية بروبولينجو
Authors: Khotimah Isnol
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to describe the educational efficiency of the Arabic language teacher and what is the link between the educational efficiency of the Arabic language teacher and the motivation of students in learning Arabic language at the "Rawdah Al Khair" Islamic Secondary School.يهدف هذا البحث إلى وصف كفاءة التعليمية لمعلم اللغة العربية وما فيها ووصف ارتباط بين الكفاءة التعليمية لمعلم اللغة العربية ودافعية الطلبة في تعلم اللغة العربية بمدرسة "روضة الخير" الثانوية الإسلامية فربولينجو
Why Leonard Bast Had To Be Killed
Authors: Poore Benjamin
Published: July 2019

The misfortunes of the clerk Leonard Bast in E. M. Forster's Howards End have frequently been read as a symptom of modernism's disdain for the lower-middle classes and their aspirations for cultural education. But Howards End is better seen as an extended meditation on the relationship of art and labour, and a criticism of the aesthetic education that Bast receives from the wealthy Schlegel sisters. Using Jacques Rancière's idea that aesthetic form and social power alike distribute speaking and non-speaking roles, the article discerns in the foreclosure of Bast's life and experiences an educational and aesthetic failure which Forster's bourgeois narrator is too keen to reproduce. By offering the possibility of resisting its own narrator, Howards End opens up another form of modernist pedagogy which does not create the pupil in the image of the teacher.
Analysis On The Relationship Of Extrovert-Introvert Personality And Students’ Speaking Performance In English Study Program Of Halu Oleo University
Authors: Samand Sri Muniarty , Sailan Zalili , Lio Asrun
Published: July 2019

Speaking is one of the productive skills in English competence which can help us to interact with other people. However, in a class, not all the students can make equal improvement in speaking skill even though they get the same treatment from the teacher. It happens because there are many factors that influence students’ speaking performance. One of the factors is affective factor that can be from students’ personality. In this category, personality can be classified into two types, they are extrovert and introvert. This present study investigates the correlation between extrovert personality and introvert personality and students’ speaking performance at the students in English Study Program of Halu Oleo University in the fourth semester. Total 35 students were selected as the sample and their personality type was determined by using Mark Parkinson Personality Questionnaire and their speaking score from the speaking test. The objective of the study is to examine, whether there is correlation between extrovert-introvert personality and students’ speaking performance or not and also to know which personalities have better achievement in speaking performance. This study applied descriptive quantitative design. The personality and the students score were correlated by using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result of correlation testing reveals that there is no significant correlation between extrovert personality and speaking performance (0,575 > 0,05) and also there is no correlation between introvert personality and speaking performance (0,505 > 0,05). Then, other result shows that introvert students have better achievement in speaking than extrovert students, which means score of introvert is 77,56 while mean score of extrovert is 75,56.
Musculoskeletal Pain – The Neglected Aspect Of Dentistry
Authors: Gangwal Lisha , Gangwal Anand , Hegde Vivek
Published: July 2019

Dentists are at high risk for musculoskeletal disorders due to the nature of their work. The key to preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders is dental ergonomics — the science of fitting the work environment to the dentist. Musculoskeletal disorders involve numerous risk factors including prolonged static posture, repetitive movements, suboptimal lighting, poor positioning, genetic predisposition, mental stress, physical conditioning, and age. The key to prevention of musculoskeletal disorders is application of ergonomic principles, training and education, early intervention and healthy lifestyle changes.

Key Words: Musculoskeletal disorders, Ergonomics, Dentists, Pain
Realization of the Right to Education
Authors: Akattu Enock
Published: July 2019

This paper evaluates the state of education as a human right and demonstrates that it is possible to implement and ultimately protect the right to education within a domestic context. Despite its importance, the right to education has received limited attention from scholars, practitioners and international and regional human rights bodies as compared to other economic, social and cultural rights (ESCRs). NGOs have been increasingly interested in using indicators to measure and enforce a state‘s compliance with its obligations under international human rights treaties. Education is one of the few human rights for which it is universally agreed that the individual has a corresponding duty to exercise this right. This paper first of all draws up an inventory of the many international instruments which mention the right to education and analysethem in order to obtain a more precise idea of the content of this right, which often appears blurred. The paper also discusses the right to education as it is guaranteed in articles 13 of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), article 28 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (ICRC) and article 13 of the Protocol of San Salvador. The enjoyment of many civil and political rights, such as freedom of information, expression, assembly and association, the right to vote and to be elected or the right of equal access to public service depends on at least a minimum level of education, including literacy. Similarly, many economic, social and cultural rights, such as the right to choose work, to receive equal pay for equal work, the right to form trade unions, to take part in cultural life, to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and to receive higher education on the basis of capacity, can only be exercised in a meaningful way after a minimum level of education has been achieved. Similarly, this paper discusses education in Kenya as a basic need and a human right (enhancing access, participation, retention, achievement and quality of schooling) to girls and boys and by extension women and men especially with the promulgation of the new Constitution of Kenya 2010 that recognizes education as a Bill of Rights and everyone is bound by the Bill of Rights. This means that all people in Kenya must respect education as a human right. The Bill binds all government institutions and state officers. They are required to respect human rights and deal appropriately with the special needs of individuals and groups in our society. In this paper, the provision of education in the first 4 to 18 years of schooling is considered to be basic, thus a basic right in Kenya
Rights of Children in the Kenyan Primary School Curriculum
Authors: A. M. Karugu
Published: July 2019

Kenyans today are very conscious and assertive of their rights. They ensured that basic human rights are enshrined in the new Constitution of Kenya 2010 that they passed. Despite all these, it is relevant to question how knowledge about human rights is transmitted and acquired by young Kenyans. We carried out a study in an attempt to provide an answer to this question. Using content analysis method we examined the rights of children as discussed in various social studies text books that are currently used in Kenyan primary schools. The objective was to identify rights of the children, interrogate them as well, as compare and contrast how various authors/publishers have presented them. In addition, the same method was used to identify and document incidents of violation of children rights as reported in the Daily Nation. The major finding of this study is that the social studies curriculum in primary schools as presented in the books that we examined adequately exposes young Kenyans to their rights and related issues. Pupils who suc-cessfully complete primary school course can be viewed to be knowledgeable and aware of their rights. Examining the reported incidents in the Daily Nation however showed that there is still a societal problem in protecting children from abuse. Children are vulnerable and defenseless. Generally, they are not capable of asserting their rights. This is evident, especially, in situations where violators of children rights are people close to them such as parents, guardians and teachers.
Pedagogy of Sagacity
Authors: Misia M.M Kadenyi , Kariuki Michael
Published: July 2019

Philosophy of education is a compulsory course in teacher education in Africa. African scholars have observed that this course is predominantly approached from Western pedagogical perspective hence alienating African students of education. There is lack of African pedagogy responsive to the African context of education as noted by a national commission on education in Kenya. This calls for a search for African pedagogy to instigate paradigm shift from Western pedagogy to Afrocentric pedagogy. Sage Philosophy,a trend in African Philosophy is analyzed in this study in attempt to develop African pedagogy. The method used is philosophical argument based on critical conceptual analysis. The study findings result in an African pedagogy described as ‘pedagogy of sagacity’ which is proposed as an African approach to philosophy of education. The thesis of this essay is that trends in African philosophy should influence pedagogical theorizing of education in Africa.
Freeze–Thaw Pre-Treatment of Cassava Tubers to Improve Efficiency of Mechanical Peeling
Authors: Barati Ziba , Latif Sajid , Romuli Sebastian , Müller Joachim
Published: July 2019

The effect of a freeze–thaw pre-treatment (FTP) on the peeling process of cassava tubers was investigated in this study. The length and weight of the cassava tubers varied from 200 to 280 mm and 500 to 900 g, respectively. A prototype abrasive cassava peeling machine was used. The operational parameters were the rotational speed of the brushes (550–1150 rpm), peeling time (1–5 min), thawing temperature (50–90 °C), and incubation time of the thawing treatment (0–120 s). Response surface methodology was applied to optimize FTP to improve the peeling process of cassava tubers. Peeled surface area and peel loss were measured as the responses. Results revealed that the peeled surface area and peel loss were significantly influenced by the rotational speed of the brushes, peeling time, and the incubation time of the thawing treatment (p < 0.05). Under optimal peeling conditions, with a rotational speed of 1000 rpm, a peeling time of 3.4 min, a thawing temperature of 59 °C, and an incubation time of 90 s, the peeled surface and the peel loss were approximately 99.5 and 19%, respectively. The results show that the use of FTP can improve cassava peeling by softening the peels and increasing the peeled surface area.
Observed Mesoscale Hydroclimate Variability of North America’s Allegheny Mountains at 40.2° N
Authors: Kutta Evan , Hubbart Jason
Published: July 2019

Spatial hydroclimatic variability of Eastern North America’s Allegheny Mountain System (AMS) is commonly oversimplified to elevation differences and the rain-shadow effect. Descriptive and higher order statistical properties of hourly meteorological observations (1948–2017) from seven airports were analyzed to better understand AMS climatic complexity. Airports were located along a longitudinal transect (40.2 °N) and observation infrastructure was positioned to minimize climatic gradients associated with insolation, slope, and aspect. Results indicated average ambient temperature was well correlated with airport elevation (R2 = 0.97). However, elevation was relatively poorly correlated to dew point temperature (R2 = 0.80) and vapor pressure deficit (R2 = 0.61) heterogeneity. Skewness and kurtosis of ambient and dew point temperatures were negative at all airports indicating hourly values below the median were more common and extreme values were less common than a normal distribution implies. Westerly winds accounted for 54.5% of observations indicating prevailing winds misrepresented nearly half of AMS weather phenomena. The sum of maximum hourly precipitation rates was maximized in Philadelphia, PA implying a convective precipitation maximum near the border of Piedmont and Coastal Plain provinces. Results further indicate the AMS represents a barrier to omnidirectional moisture advection suggesting physiographic provinces are characterized by distinct evapotranspiration and precipitation regimes. The current work draws attention to observed mesoscale hydroclimatic heterogeneity of the AMS region and identifies mechanisms influencing local to regional water quantity and quality issues that are relevant to many locations globally.
Gelation of Textile Dye Solution Treated with Fish Scales
Authors: Kabir S M Fijul , Rashid Taslim Ur , Negulescu Ioan I.
Published: July 2019

In the present article, the commercial value of fish scales (FS), one of the most discarded fish wastes, has been identified by discovering their gelation capability. Fish scales of different physical forms were applied for the removal of dyes (acid red 1 (AR1), acid blue 45 (AB45), and acid yellow 127 (AY127)) from textile dye solution by absorption process. An astounding phenomenon, gelation of the treated solution, was noticed when it was aged for a certain period. The absorption of dye by FS was confirmed and quantified by FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy analyses, respectively. Process optimization revealed that pristine FS showed better gelation efficacy compared to pulverized FS. The gelation process was successful only when the dye solution contained acid and salt. As most of the textile effluents contain acids and salts in the discarded dye solution, this gelation process implies an obvious indication of the saving process and chemical cost in textile waste treatment. The jellified wastewater was characterized by exploring the rheological properties. Based on these analyses, potential application areas have been discussed.
Students Meet Cultural Heritage: An Experience within the Framework of the Italian School-Work Alternation (SWA)—From Outcomes to Outlooks
Authors: Gizzi Fabrizio Terenzio , Biscione Marilisa , Danese Maria , Maggio Agata , Pecci Antonio , Sileo Maria , Potenza Maria Rosaria , Masini Nicola , Ruggeri Antonella , Sileo Annamaria , Mercurio Franca ,   School-Work Alternation (SWA) Working Group (WG)
Published: July 2019

Cultural heritage is the creative expression of a people’s presence in the past. It represents a driving force to create, develop, and consolidate the sense of identity, belonging, and citizenship, as well as a means to appreciate the diversity of people and develop a policy for peace and mutual understanding. Furthermore, heritage is a source of economic development and a key factor for sustainable development. The dissemination of such values among people and the transmission of heritage to the future generations entail putting into the field proper actions, from the knowledge to the protection and conservation, and from the enhancement to the fruition and management. Such requirements increasingly involve the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) that can be considered the paradigm shift to create novel job opportunities in the field of cultural heritage. This paper aims to discuss an experience led by the Institute of Archaeological and Monumental Heritage of the (Italian) National Research Council (IBAM-CNR), with students of a secondary school of the Basilicata region (Southern Italy). The experience developed within the framework of the School-Work Alternation (SWA) (recently renamed “Pathways for Transversal Competences and Orientation” by Italian law), a training modality envisaged in the Italian school system to bring the school closer to the world of work by proper partnership between formal education contexts and external organizations. The SWA Project revolves around the acquisition of some technical and methodological tools for the approach to knowledge, conservation, and enhancement of cultural heritage, having particular regard for diagnostic tools and ICTs. This article deals with the outcomes of the activities developed during the Project, discussing both the technical-professional and transversal skills acquired or expected to be acquired by the students. In addition, starting from the results of the activities, the authors speculate about possible outlooks of SWA in the heritage field considering: (i) the role of such a training path in raising young people’s awareness to preserve cultural heritage by becoming active and proactive citizens; (ii) the relationship of SWA with regional and European-supported development policy strategies; (iii) the potential benefits that SWA can provide for cultural heritage from the synergy between different institutional actors.
Exploring Student Food Behaviour in Relation to Food Retail over the Time of Implementing Ontario’s School Food and Beverage Policy
Authors: Hanning Rhona M. , Luan Henry , Orava Taryn A. , Valaitis Renata F. , Jung James K. H. , Ahmed Rashid
Published: July 2019

Background: Canadian provincial policies, like Ontario’s School Food and Beverage Policy (P/PM 150), increasingly mandate standards for food and beverages offered for sale at school. Given concerns regarding students leaving school to purchase less healthy foods, we examined student behaviours and competitive food retail around schools in a large urban region of Southern Ontario. Methods: Using a geographic information system (GIS), we enumerated food outlets (convenience stores, fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants) within 500, 1000 and 1500 m of all 389 regional schools spanning years of policy implementation. Consenting grade 6–10 students within 31 randomly selected schools completed a web-based 24-h diet recall (WEB-Q) and questionnaire. Results: Food outlet numbers increased over time (p < 0.01); post-policy, within 1000 m, they averaged 27.31 outlets, with a maximum of 65 fast-food restaurants around one school. Of WEB-Q respondents (n = 2075, mean age = 13.4 ± 1.6 years), those who ate lunch at a restaurant/take-out (n = 84, 4%) consumed significantly more energy (978 vs. 760 kcal), sodium (1556 vs. 1173 mg), and sugar (44.3 vs. 40.1 g). Of elementary and secondary school respondents, 22.1% and 52.4% reported ever eating at fast food outlets during school days. Conclusions: Students have easy access to food retail in school neighbourhoods. The higher energy, sodium and sugar of these options present a health risk.
Three Release Rates of Dicyphus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) for Management of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Greenhouse Tomato
Authors: Smith Hugh A. , Krey Karol L.
Published: July 2019

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a pest of greenhouse-grown tomato. Restrictions on insecticides in enclosed structures and the presence of commercial pollinators limit the options for the chemical control of whiteflies in greenhouses, increasing the importance of biological controls. Dicyphus hesperus is a zoophytophagous mirid predator native to North America. Three release rates of D. hesperus were evaluated on greenhouse tomato for control of the sweetpotato whitefly. The release rates were one, two or three adult D. hesperus per tomato plant each week for three weeks in cages containing four tomato plants and one mullein banker plant. There were fewer whitefly eggs in cages receiving predators than untreated cages one week after the third release, and fewer whitefly nymphs in cages receiving predators two weeks after the third release. There were no statistical differences in whitefly eggs or nymphs among predator release treatments. The highest release rate resulted in a 60% reduction in whitefly nymphs. Forty-two days after the first predator releases, there were no differences among release treatments in the number of D. hesperus. Our results indicate that D. hesperus can contribute management of B. tabaci on greenhouse tomato, but that it may be insufficient as a sole strategy.
Utilisation of and Attitude towards Traditional and Complementary Medicine among Ebola Survivors in Sierra Leone
Authors: James Peter Bai , Wardle Jon , Steel Amie , Adams Jon
Published: July 2019

Background and objectives: In addition to conventional healthcare, Ebola survivors are known to seek traditional and complementary healthcare (T&CM) options to meet their healthcare needs. However, little is known about the general beliefs of Ebola survivors regarding T&CM and the impact of these beliefs in influencing their decisions around T&CM use. This study examines Ebola survivors’ attitudes towards T&CM use in Sierra Leone. Materials and Methods: We conducted a nationwide quantitative cross-sectional study of 358 Ebola survivors in Sierra Leone between January and August 2018. We used descriptive analysis, chi-square tests and backward stepwise binary logistic regression for data analysis. Results: Close to half of the survivors (n = 163, 45.5%) had used T&CM since their discharge from an Ebola treatment centre. Survivors who viewed T&CM as boosting their immune system/resistance were 3.89 times (95%CI: 1.57–9.63, p = 0.003) more likely to use T&CM than those who did not view T&CM as boosting their immune system/resistance. Additionally, survivors who viewed T&CM as having fewer side effects than conventional medicine were more likely to use T&CM [OR = 5.03 (95%CI: 1.92–13.19, p = 0.001)]. Ebola survivors were more influenced to use T&CM based on their personal experience of the effectiveness of T&CM than by clinical evidence [OR = 13.72 (95%CI: 6.10–30.84, P < 0.001)]. Ebola survivors who perceived T&CM as providing them with more control than conventional medicine over their health/body were more likely to use T&CM [OR = 4.15 (95%CI: 1.74–9.89, p = 0.001)] as opposed to those who did not perceive T&CM in this way. Conclusions: Considering the widespread use of T&CM, an understanding of Ebola survivors’ attitudes/beliefs towards T&CM is useful to healthcare providers and policymakers with regard to public education and practitioner–survivors communication, T&CM regulation and research in Sierra Leone. Ebola survivors appear to turn to T&CM not only for treatment, but also to fill gaps in conventional health care services.
Breaking the Itch–Scratch Cycle: Topical Options for the Management of Chronic Cutaneous Itch in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Harrison Ian P. , Spada Fabrizio
Published: July 2019

Chronic itch is an unpleasant sensation that triggers a desire to scratch that lasts for six weeks or more. It is a major diagnostic symptom of myriad diseases, including atopic dermatitis for which it is the most prominent feature. Chronic itch can be hugely debilitating for the sufferer, damaging in terms of both the monetary cost of treatment and its socioeconomic effects, and few treatment options exist that can adequately control it. Corticosteroids remain the first line treatment strategy for atopic dermatitis, but due to the risks associated with long-term use of corticosteroids, and the drawbacks of other topical options such as topical calcineurin inhibitors and capsaicin, topical options for itch management that are efficacious and can be used indefinitely are needed. In this review, we detail the pathophysiology of chronic pruritus, its key features, and the disease most commonly associated with it. We also assess the role of the skin and its components in maintaining a healthy barrier function, thus reducing dryness and the itch sensation. Lastly, we briefly detail examples of topical options for the management of chronic pruritus that can be used indefinitely, overcoming the risk associated with long-term use of corticosteroids.
Structural Phase Transition and Metallization of Nanocrystalline Rutile Investigated by High-Pressure Raman Spectroscopy and Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Hong Meiling , Dai Lidong , Li Heping , Hu Haiying , Liu Kaixiang , Yang Linfei , Pu Chang
Published: July 2019

We investigate the structural, vibrational, and electrical transport properties of nanocrystalline rutile and its high-pressure polymorphs by Raman spectroscopy, and AC complex impedance spectroscopy in conjunction with the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) up to ~25.0 GPa using the diamond anvil cell (DAC). Experimental results indicate that the structural phase transition and metallization for nanocrystalline rutile occurred with increasing pressure up to ~12.3 and ~14.5 GPa, respectively. The structural phase transition of sample at ~12.3 GPa is confirmed as a baddeleyite phase, which is verified by six new Raman characteristic peaks. The metallization of the baddeleyite phase is manifested by the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity measurements at ~14.5 GPa. However, upon decompression, the structural phase transition from the metallic baddeleyite to columbite phases at ~7.2 GPa is characterized by the inflexion point of the pressure coefficient and the pressure-dependent electrical conductivity. The recovered columbite phase is always retained to the atmospheric condition, which belongs to an irreversible phase transformation.
Diet and Chronic Diseases: Is There a Mediating Effect of Inflammation?
Authors: Shivappa Nitin
Published: July 2019

Chronic non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes represent the majority of the current burden of disease worldwide, with higher rates and impacts in developed countries but also with alarming trends in developing countries [...]
Decision Tree Pattern Recognition Model for Radio Frequency Interference Suppression in NQR Experiments
Authors: Ibrahim Mona , Parrish Dan J. , Brown Tim W. C. , McDonald Peter J.
Published: July 2019

Radio frequency interference places a major limitation on the in-situ use of unshielded nuclear quadrupole or nuclear magnetic resonance methods in industrial environments for quality control and assurance applications. In this work, we take the detection of contraband in an airport security-type application that is subject to burst mode radio frequency interference as a test case. We show that a machine learning decision tree model is ideally suited to the automated identification of interference bursts, and can be used in support of automated interference suppression algorithms. The usefulness of the data processed additionally by the new algorithm compared to traditional processing is shown in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of a validation trial designed to mimic a security contraband detection application. The results show a highly significant increase in the area under the ROC curve from 0.580 to 0.906 for the proper identification of recovered data distorted by interfering bursts.
A Novel Fault Feature Recognition Method for Time-Varying Signals and Its Application to Planetary Gearbox Fault Diagnosis under Variable Speed Conditions
Authors: Lv Yong , Pan Bingqi , Yi Cancan , Ma Yubo
Published: July 2019

The existing time-frequency analysis (TFA) methods mainly highlight the time-frequency ridges of the interested components by optimizing the time-frequency plane to facilitate the extraction of the relevant components. Generalized demodulation (GD), order tracking (OT), and other methods are generally used in conjunction with the TFA methods to realize the transition from a time-varying signal to a stationary signal, and finally identify the fault feature through a time-frequency plane. Generally, it is necessary to clarify the accuracy of the estimated components such as the rotational frequency or the fault characteristic frequency (FCF) during the operation of the GD or OT methods. Unfortunately, it is not only difficult to extract and locate rotational frequency or FCF, but also complicated in the whole estimation process. In this paper, a simple yet readable method is proposed to reveal the fault feature of time-varying signals. First, the method only needs to extract an arbitrary instantaneous frequency (IF). This is different from the GD method which needs to estimate and locate all phase functions. Then, it converts all variable frequency curves into corresponding lines parallel to the frequency axis based on the extracted IF to determine the proportional relationship between the components. Finally, to further improve the readability of the final results, we reduce the dimension of the transformed time-frequency representation to generate a two-dimensional (2D) energy-frequency map with high resolution and the same proportion. Subsequently, the performance is validated by simulated and experimental data.
Performance-Based Fire Engineering Design of a Heritage Building: McDougall House Case Study
Authors: Pau Dennis , Duncan Christine , Fleischmann Charles
Published: July 2019

The application of a performance-based fire engineering design has enabled the conservation of a heritage building in New Zealand. McDougall House is a two-story heritage building which suffered extensive damages during the Canterbury earthquakes in 2010 and 2011. The scope of the conservation plan included the preservation and restoration of the building external façade, the restoration of the ornamental plasterwork ceiling within the Ballroom, the reconstruction of all damaged internal lath and plaster linings, the adaptation of the fireplace, and the reconstruction of the damaged chimney. The fire engineering design adopted is the Verification Method C/VM2 with As Nearly As is Reasonably Practicable consideration for the heritage fabrics of the building. The combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses has demonstrated the building design compliance with the 10 design scenarios of C/VM2. These analyses include the assessment of minimum means of escape and fire protection provisions, the assessment of allowable unprotected areas in the external wall for horizontal fire spread, the assessment of firefighting provisions, the smoke and egress modelling of proposed design fires, and the benefit versus sacrifice analysis on the heritage fabrics. The application of C/VM2 results in an upgrade to the fire safety and fire protection systems of the building while also retaining and enhancing its heritage value.
Empirical Evaluation of Vocation to Solidarity Economy Using Composite Indicators
Authors: Piani Lucia , Pagani Laura , Ellero Giulio , Zanarotti Maria Chiara
Published: July 2019

Many scholars today are deepening economic issues by looking at new paradigms based on the relationship between communities and the resources of the territory. The proposals are different, mainly focusing on economic theories such as solidarity economy, a mix of theories and practices based on equity, sustainability, democracy, and reciprocity. The growing legislation on solidarity economy implies to develop tools to support Administrations and Communities throughout the process of effective realization. The aim of this study is to propose a methodology for evaluating the Vocation to Solidarity Economy (VSE) by means of a composite indicator (VSE index) and apply it to the territory of Friuli Venezia Giulia Region in the northeast of Italy. A series of basic factors concerning social, economic, and environmental aspects was defined by multidisciplinary experts and used for VSE index calculations. The spatialization of VSE index allows the assessment of the vocation of territories in supporting the paths to become Communities of Solidarity Economy as defined by a recent regional law. As results of subsequent VSE spatialization we obtain the maps which highlight different characteristics within the Region (i.e. urban/rural relations) helping local administrations to improve current policies towards sustainability.
Multiplex Relations between States: Coevolution of Trade Agreements and Political Alliances
Authors: Mon Yi Yi , Lim Seunghoo , Kakinaka Makoto
Published: July 2019

The nature of interdependence between states encourages them to establish cooperation in different fields, leading to multiple relations. The policy alignments of states on trade and political relations can be regarded as the most critical agenda in a globalized world. Accounting for the linkages between economic and political issues, this study focuses on the two relational ties, (i) free trade agreements (FTAs) as economic cooperation and (ii) political alliances (PAs) as political cooperation. In addition, it evaluates the coevolution of FTAs and PAs by employing a multiplex stochastic actor-oriented model with longitudinal data of 160 countries during the period from 1990 to 2012. The results show that the presence of a PA inspires the formation of an FTA, but present no clear evidence that the presence of an FTA promotes the formation of a PA. Our analysis also shows that a state prefers to form both FTAs and PAs with trade hub partners that have more FTAs but prefers to form only PAs with political hub partners that have more PAs. This study argues that such asymmetric effects between FTAs and PAs emphasizes the preferences of states for liberalizing trade and connecting with partners that have many FTAs.
Examining the Role of Population Age Structure upon Residential Electricity Demand: A Case from Korea
Authors: Kim Jaehyeok , Jang Minwoo , Shin Donghyun
Published: July 2019

In this article, we empirically investigate the impact of the population age structure on electricity demand. Our study is motivated by suggestions from existing literature that demographic factors can play an important role in energy demand. Using Korean regional level panel data for 2000 to 2016, we estimate the long-run elasticities through employing cointegration regression and the short-run marginal effects by developing a panel error correction model. It is worth investigating the Korean case, since Korea is aging faster than any other advanced economy, and at the same time is one of the heaviest energy users in the world. To our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing how the population age structure affects residential electricity demand, based on regional data in Korea. Our analysis presents the following results. First, an increase in the youth population raises the residential electricity demand in the short- and long-run. Second, an increase in the population of people aged 65 and over also increases this electricity demand in the short- and long-run. Third, among the group of people aged 65 and over, we further investigate the impact of an older population group, aged 80 and over, but separately, on their residential electricity demand. However, in general there is no strong relationship in the short- and long-run.
Impacto femoroacetabular: uma revisão baseada em evidências para o médico generalista
Authors: Souza Bruno Gonçalves Schroder e , Lessa Francisco Jannuzzi , Miranda Marcos Bastos , Tabet Caio Gomes
Published: July 2019

Este artigo objetiva fornecer os subsídios para a compreensão e reconhecimento da síndrome do impacto femoroacetabular (SIFA) aos médicos que fazem primeiros atendimentos de pacientes com queixas de dor na região inguinal. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica na base de dados Medline com artigos de 1990 até 2018, utilizando a palavra-chave “femoroacetabular impingement” e suas variações. A SIFA é uma condição frequentemente negligenciada que afeta pessoas jovens e ativas, mas que pode ser identificada com conhecimento adequado da história clínica e dos achados no exame físico. Ela se caracteriza por um conflito anormal entre o rebordo do acetábulo e o colo do fêmur, sendo causa frequente de dor inguinal e fator precipitante de coxartrose. Os sintomas podem ser evitados ou reduzidos com intervenção cirúrgica precoce.  A expectativa é que, no futuro, possamos impedir ou atrasar o começo das mudanças degenerativas na articulação do quadril. Concluímos que pacientes com suspeita de síndrome do impacto femoroacetabular podem ser identificados por médicos não especialistas em ortopedia, colaborando com o encaminhamento precoce desses pacientes para tratamento adequado.