bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green extraction of soluble dietary fibre from coffee silverskin: impact of ultrasound/microwave‐assisted extraction
Authors: Wen Le , Zhang Zhihang , Zhao Ming , Senthamaraikannan Ramsankar , Padamati Ramesh Babu , Sun Da‐Wen , Tiwari Brijesh K.
Published: December 2019

Coffee silverskin (CSS), a potential source of soluble dietary fibre (8%–11%), is a major coffee by‐product obtained during the coffee roasting process. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) have been considered as efficient and economic novel extraction techniques. In this study, UAE, MAE and simultaneous ultrasound–microwave‐assisted extraction (UMAE) techniques were investigated for soluble dietary fibre (SDF) extraction from CSS and compared with conventional solvent extraction (CSE). The highest recovery rate of SDF was accomplished by UMAE (42.7 ± 0.4%), which was 1.5‐fold, 1.9‐fold and 1.2‐fold of the recovery rates achieved by CSE, UAE and MAE, respectively. The extraction time of UMAE was 20 min, which was the same as UAE and MAE, and 4.5‐fold less than CSE. It implied that the combination of UAE and MAE could enhance the extraction process by increasing the recovery rate as well as by reducing extraction time as compared with CSE or other individual novel extraction methods applied. Nutritional composition and physicochemical characteristics of the SDF extracts from CSS were also investigated in the study.
Digital follow‐up by means of dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy of actinic keratosis treated with Imiquimod 3.75% cream
Authors: Benati E. , Longhitano S. , Pampena R. , Mirra M. , Raucci M. , Pellacani G. , Longo C.
Published: December 2019

Background

Imiquimod 3.75% cream (Zyclara® Meda, Stockholm, Sweden) is a new field‐directed therapy for actinic keratosis (AK).

Objectives

The aim is to evaluate efficacy and the morphologic dynamic changes induced by this treatment by means of dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) of imiquimod 3.75% cream for the treatment of AKs of the face or scalp and to evaluate.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients were treated with Imiquimod 3.75% cream. Demographic parameters, AK‐FAS and AKASI scores and side‐effects were collected. RCM and dermatoscopy on one target AKs were performed at each visit. We collected images at baseline (T0), after 1 week from the end of the first 2‐week cycle (T1), after 1 week from the end of the entire treatment (T2) and 2 months after the end of treatment (T3).

Results

One target representative AK in the selected area of treatment of each patient was analysed. All dermoscopic and confocal parameters were reduced 2 months after the end of the therapy (T3) with a substantial reduction of AKASI and AK‐FAS scores, and 17 cases (54.8%) were completely solved. Confocal microscopic analysis showed a reduction of keratinocytes disarray in 77.4% of cases; none showed crusts and parakeratosis. Inflammation was considerably decreased and was observed only in 12.9% of patients at the last visit. This improvement was not assessed on dermatoscopy because of inflammation and background erythema, which adversely influenced the assessments. LSRs were observed in almost all the patients during treatment being more severe after the first cycle of treatment (T1).

Conclusions

Imiquimod 3.75% cream is effective in treating clinical and subclinical AKs with an easy management of side‐effects. Dermatoscopy and mostly RCM allow non‐invasive monitoring of treatment response in vivo.
The Warburg effect and tumour immune microenvironment in extramammary Paget's disease: overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase A correlates with immune resistance
Authors: Urata K. , Kajihara I. , Miyauchi H. , Mijiddorj T. , Otsuka‐Maeda S. , Sakamoto R. , Sawamura S. , Kanemaru H. , Kanazawa‐Yamada S. , Makino K. , Aoi J. , Makino T. , Fukushima S. , Komohara Y. , Ihn H.
Published: December 2019

Background

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant skin cancer. One of the hallmarks of cancers, including EMPD, is an enhancement of aerobic glycolysis, which is also known as the Warburg effect. In the last step of glycolysis, the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid, the accumulation of which contributes to the creation of an acidic tumour microenvironment. This in turn results in immunosuppression in various types of cancers. However, the contribution of these pathways has not been well‐studied in EMPD.

Objective

To investigate the significance of the Warburg effect and its contribution to the tumour immune microenvironment in EMPD.

Methods

The mRNA expression levels of molecules involved in glycolysis and immune‐related cytokines were examined by ddPCR. The number of immune cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results

The levels of two glycolytic enzymes, HK2 and LDHA, in tumour tissues were significantly increased compared to those in paired‐normal tissues. IHC analyses revealed increased numbers of PD‐L1+, PD‐1+, CD163+ M2 macrophages, Iba1+ macrophages and Foxp3+ Tregs that were associated with high LDHA levels in EMPD. ddPCR demonstrated that multiple cytokines including IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, TGF‐β and CCL‐2 were upregulated and associated with high LDHA levels in EMPD. Statistical analyses showed that IL‐6 mRNA expression correlated with the number of CD163+, Iba‐1+ and Foxp3+ cells.

Conclusion

The Warburg effect contributes to immunomodulation in the tumour microenvironment and further elucidation may lead to better understanding of the pathogenesis of EMPD.
Happiness in dermatology: a holistic evaluation of the mental burden of skin diseases
Authors: Schuster B. , Ziehfreund S. , Albrecht H. , Spinner C.D. , Biedermann T. , Peifer C. , Zink A.
Published: December 2019

Background

According to the World Health Organization, mental health is a state of well‐being and not merely the absence of disease. However, studies exploring subjective well‐being in patients with skin diseases are very rare.

Objectives

To assess subjective well‐being, i.e. ‘happiness’, in patients with different skin diseases and to compare them to other patient groups and healthy controls.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted from 12/2017 to 04/2019. Patients receiving in‐ or outpatient care for psoriasis, atopic eczema, nummular eczema, mastocytosis, skin cancer (malignant melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) were recruited at two hospitals in Bavaria, Germany. Healthy individuals living in or near Munich served as a control group. All participants filled in a questionnaire assessing happiness, measured as positive affect (PA), negative affect and satisfaction with life (SWL; together representing subjective well‐being) and a heuristic evaluation of one's own happiness.

Results

Data from 229 dermatologic patients (53.3 ± 18.5 years, 48% women), 49 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (48.9 ± 18.7 years, 43% women), 49 patients with HIV (46 ± 10.1 years, 10% women) and 106 healthy controls (38.4 ± 13.4 years, 49% women) were analysed. Compared to the controls, dermatologic patients reported lower heuristic happiness (P = 0.023) and PA (P = 0.001) but higher SWL (P = 0.043). Patients with psoriasis and atopic eczema reported the lowest happiness, as they reported significantly lower PA (P = 0.032 and P < 0.001) and heuristic happiness (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015) than the control group. Patients with skin cancer reported higher SWL than the control group (P = 0.003). Dermatologic patients reported lower happiness than patients with HIV but reported greater happiness than patients with IBD.

Conclusions

Dermatologic patients experience lower levels of happiness, especially PA, compared to healthy controls. As PA is linked to desirable health outcomes, targeting PA could be a promising holistic approach for the treatment of skin diseases.
Effectiveness of a music intervention on pruritus: an open randomized prospective study
Authors: Demirtas S. , Houssais C. , Tanniou J. , Misery L. , Brenaut E.
Published: December 2019

Background

Pruritus is a common symptom in many skin diseases. Music interventions have demonstrated their efficacy in different symptoms or diseases such as pain, depression and anxiety.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of a music intervention on pruritus.

Patients and methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019. Fifty inpatients with pruritus intensity ≥3/10 in various chronic skin diseases were randomized in a music group or an emollient group. The primary endpoint was the evolution of pruritus as measured by the Numerical Rating Scale before and one hour after the procedure. The secondary judgement criteria were the effects on patient anxiety, the impact of pruritus on the quality of life and patient satisfaction (NCT 03701971).

Results

Fifty patients with chronic pruritus were included, 62% were male, and the average age was 60.7 years. The most common diseases were psoriasis (N = 10), atopic dermatitis (N = 8) and contact eczema (N = 6). The average ItchyQol score was 64.8/110, showing a significant impact on quality of life. The intensity of pruritus decreased more significantly in the music intervention group than in the emollient group: 2.3 (SD 2.1) and 1.2 (SD 1.7), respectively (P < 0.05). There was a decrease in anxiety in both groups, with no statistical significant difference between groups. Among patients who received the music intervention, 64% reported feeling an improvement, 91% would recommend the music intervention, and 64% would like to continue this practice.

Discussion

Pruritus management is complex and requires first‐line aetiological treatment. Aetiological or symptomatic treatments do not always provide enough relief; it is useful to find other therapeutic options. The music intervention has shown interest in our study. Its repeated use over the long term will be interesting to evaluate. As in pain, music may work by activating inhibitory neural circuits. The use of music is a simple method to manage chronic pruritus.
Generalized chronic itch induced by small‐fibre neuropathy: clinical profile and proposed diagnostic criteria
Authors: Pereira M.P. , Derichs L. , Meyer Zu Hörste G. , Agelopoulos K. , Ständer S.
Published: December 2019

Background

Small‐fibre neuropathy (SFN) is a known cause for pain, however, it may be also associated with chronic itch. The clinical profile of chronic itch due to SFN is poorly defined and accordingly under‐diagnosed in clinical care.

Objectives

To establish the clinical profile of patients with SFN and to propose diagnostic criteria for this patient population.

Methods

Clinical data from patients diagnosed with SFN [chronic generalized itch and reduced intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD)] were analysed retrospectively.

Results

A total of 142 patients (60 females, median age: 62.5 years) were included. Patients reported daily, moderate to severe itch intensity scores occurring mostly in attacks (62.5%). Only 11 patients experienced exclusively itch, while the remaining patients (92%) reported pruralgia (itch along with painful sensations). Burning (50%), a sensation like needle pricks (46%) and tingling (45%) were the sensory symptoms reported by most patients. Cold or ice application led to an alleviation of the symptoms. The IENFD did not correlate with itch intensity; however, patients with a severely reduced IENFD (<30% of the normative cut‐off value) reported more frequently sharp, spiky and drilling sensations compared to the remaining patients. The quality of life was moderately impaired and correlated with itch intensity, whereas anxiety and depression scores were low.

Conclusions

Onset of pruralgia on normal appearing skin, occurrence in attacks and symptomatic alleviation with cold/ice application should alert physicians for a possible neuropathic SFN‐related origin of itch. A reduced IENFD can confirm the diagnosis of SFN.
Health‐related quality of life amongst primary caregivers of children with intellectual disability
Authors: Arora S. , Goodall S. , Viney R. , Einfeld S. ,   the MHYPEDD team
Published: December 2019

Background

Children with intellectual disability (ID) frequently have significant educational, social and health care needs, resulting in caregivers often experiencing a wide range of negative effects. This paper aims to determine the impact of childhood ID on caregivers' health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) across co‐morbid diagnostic groups. The second aim of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with lower HRQoL in this population.

Methods

Caregivers of a child with ID aged between 2 and 12 years old completed an online survey to determine their HRQoL using the EQ‐5D‐5L measure. They were also asked demographic questions and about their dependent child's level of behavioural and emotional difficulties.

Results

Of the total sample of 634 caregivers, 604 caregivers completed all five questions of the EQ‐5D‐5L. The mean age of caregivers was 39.1 years and 91% were women. Caregivers spent on average 66.6 h per week caring for their child related to their child's disability. The mean EQ‐5D‐5L score of caregivers was 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.79, 0.82), which is below the estimated Australian population norms (mean utility score of 0.92) for the age‐equivalent population.

Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders reported the lowest HRQoL (0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.74, 0.79) of the five included co‐morbid diagnostic groups. Caregivers with a lower income, a perceived low level of social support and children with higher degree of behavioural and emotional problems were likely to have a statistically lower HRQoL.

Conclusions

This is the first study to produce utility values for caregivers of children with ID. The utility values can be used to compare health states and can be used to inform comparative cost‐effectiveness analyses. Demonstrating that caregivers of children with ID have reduced HRQoL and that this is associated with the degree of behavioural and emotional problems has important policy implications, highlighting the potential for policy interventions that target behavioural and emotional problems to improve outcomes for caregivers.
Morphological variability in a red seaweed: confirmation of co‐occurring f. lessonii and f. chauvinii in Chondracanthus chamissoi (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales)
Authors: Rodríguez Catalina Y. , Otaíza Ricardo D.
Published: December 2019

Variability in thallus morphology is common in red seaweeds. Two co‐occurring forms have been described for Chondracanthus chamissoi based mainly on blade width. To determine whether two distinct forms or a range of intermediate morphologies occur in C. chamissoi, thalli were collected from three localities in southern Chile in autumn–winter, repeating the sampling in one locality in spring and in summer. In each occasion, individual sporophytic and male and female gametophytic clumps were collected, and the longest blade with intact apex from each clump was evaluated. Blade length, width, density of spines, axis curvature and thickness, and pinnule length and width were evaluated in each blade. Principal components analyses separated two groups of thalli, one group with narrow, thick, and curved (concavo‐convex) blades, with few spines consistent with f. lessonii, and another with broad, thin, and flat blades, with many spines consistent with f. chauvinii. These variables also had bimodal frequency distributions. Pinnule measurements were mainly associated with differences among sporophytes and gametophytes. Age (length), phase of the life cycle, and sex were not related to the forms. Furthermore, thalli of both forms were collected side by side in the study sites and throughout the year so the occurrence of the two forms was not attributable to local environmental conditions. In this species, secondary basal disks are produced after attachment of apexes to the substratum. These disks may produce blades with a modified morphology in a way similar to proliferations and regenerations described for Schottera nicaeensis.
Root O2 consumption, CO2 production and tissue concentration profiles in chickpea, as influenced by environmental hypoxia
Authors: Colmer Timothy David , Winkel Anders , Kotula Lukasz , Armstrong William , Revsbech Niels Peter , Pedersen Ole
Published: December 2019

Roots in flooded soils experience hypoxia, with the least O2 in the vascular cylinder. Gradients in CO2 across roots had not previously been measured. The respiratory quotient (RQ; CO2 produced : O2 consumed) is expected to increase as O2 availability declines.

A new CO2 microsensor and an O2 microsensor were used to measure profiles across roots of chickpea seedlings in aerated or hypoxic conditions. Simultaneous, nondestructive flux measurements of O2 consumption, CO2 production, and thus RQ, were taken for roots with declining O2.

Radial profiling revealed severe hypoxia and c. 0.8 kPa CO2 within the root vascular cylinder. The distance penetrated by O2 into the roots was shorter at lower O2. The gradient in CO2 was in the opposite direction to that of O2, across the roots and diffusive boundary layer. RQ increased as external O2 was lowered.

For chickpea roots in solution at air equilibrium, O2 was very low and CO2 was elevated within the vascular cylinder; the extent of the severely hypoxic core increased as external O2 was reduced. The increased RQ in roots in response to declining external O2 highlighted the shift from respiration to ethanolic fermentation as the severely hypoxic/anoxic core became a progressively greater proportion of the root tissues.
Characteristics of indoor injuries in hotels compared to home among young children
Authors: Suginaka Miwa , Abe Toshikazu , Murata Kensuke , Ishihara Tadashi , Okamoto Ken , Tanaka Hiroshi
Published: December 2019

Background

Although attention has recently been afforded to home injury prevention for young children, we often encounter young children who have experienced indoor injuries at places other than the home. We aimed to identify characteristics of unintentional indoor injuries that occurred when young children were not at home.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of young children (aged <6 years) with indoor injuries from January to June 2017. We classified patients injured in hotel rooms as the “Hotel group” and compared them to patients injured at home (“Home group”).

Results

Among 102 patients who met the study criteria, 33 patients (32.4%) were classified as the Hotel group. Falls were the most frequent cause of injury in both groups (Home, 56.5% versus Hotel, 87.9%). Falls from beds were more likely to happen in hotel rooms (1.4% versus 48.5%). In regard to fall‐associated injuries, head and / or facial injury was most frequent in both groups (Home, 92.3% versus Hotel, 89.7%). A suture and follow‐up were less likely in the Home group than in the Hotel group (18.8% versus 42.4%, 39.1% versus 69.7%, respectively).

Conclusions

In hotel rooms, head and / or facial injuries due to falling from a bed were the most common types of injury, and they often needed more invasive procedures than home injuries. Injuries that tended to occur in hotel rooms are more predictable than home injuries. Modification of the surrounding environment has the potential to prevent unintentional injuries not only in the home environment but also in hotel rooms.
Human Capital and Administrative Burden: The Role of Cognitive Resources in Citizen‐State Interactions
Authors: Christensen Julian , Aarøe Lene , Baekgaard Martin , Herd Pamela , Moynihan Donald P.
Published: December 2019

One means by which the state reinforces inequality is by imposing administrative burdens that loom larger for citizens with lower levels of human capital. Integrating insights from various disciplines, this article focuses on one aspect of human capital: cognitive resources. The authors outline a model that explains how burdens and cognitive resources, especially executive functioning, interrelate. The article then presents illustrative examples, highlighting three common life factors—scarcity, health problems, and age‐related cognitive decline. These factors create a human capital catch‐22, increasing people's likelihood of needing state assistance while simultaneously undermining the cognitive resources required to negotiate the burdens they encounter while seeking such assistance. The result is to reduce access to state benefits and increase inequality. The article concludes by calling for scholars of behavioral public administration and public administration more generally to incorporate more attention to human capital into their research.
Strength of Strong Ties in Intercity Government Information Sharing and County Jurisdictional Boundaries
Authors: Ki Namhoon , Kwak Chang‐Gyu , Song Minsun
Published: December 2019

Studies have found that information sharing between city governments can be easily observed within the same county jurisdiction, but less attention has been paid to the reasons why the jurisdictional boundary matters. This article fills this lacuna, drawing on the insight of the “strength of strong ties” argument that “people help their friends first.” The analysis reveals that city governments in the Orlando, Florida, metropolitan area are more likely to share economic development information (EDI) with governments in the same county as the collective demand for such information in that area increases. This study additionally finds that the greater the demand for EDI, the more likely it is that city governments will seek the information from their county members. As a result, as the demand for information increases among city governments in a metropolitan area, the likelihood that it will be shared by all members of the area beyond the county boundaries decreases.
Excited state effect of He+ ion on intense harmonic spectrum and attosecond pulse generation
Authors: Liu Hang , Feng Liqiang , Li Yi
Published: December 2019

We investigate the excited state effect of [Formula: see text] ion on intense harmonic spectrum and attosecond pulse (AP) generation. First step, by using the superposition state model, we find that as the excited state ratio increases, the intensity of harmonic spectrum can be enhanced, and a near-stable intense harmonic yield can be obtained when the ground state (GS) and the excited state remains within a certain ratio range. However, as the excited state ratio further increases, the intensity of harmonic spectrum is decreased. Further, with the introduction of a down-chirp modulation, the harmonic cutoff can be extended, showing a broader spectral continuum with a higher efficiency. Second step, by using the single GS model and with the help of the pump-probe-UV-resonance-ionization mechanism, the high-intensity and broader spectral continuum obtained in the first step can be realized in the experiment. Moreover, this method is not very sensitive to the delay time between the fundamental field and the UV pulse, which is beneficial to experimental implementation. As a result, 3 APs as short as 40 as can be obtained.
The shock peakon wave solutions of the general Degasperis–Procesi equation
Authors: Qian Lijuan , Attia Raghda A. M. , Qiu Yuyang , Lu Dianchen , Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: December 2019

This research paper applies the modified Khater method and the generalized Kudryashov method to the general Degasperis–Procesi (DP) equation, which is used to describe the dynamical behavior of the shallow water outflows. Some shock peakon wave solutions are obtained by using these methods. Moreover, some figures are sketched for these solutions to explain more physical properties of the general DP equation and to figure out the coincidence between different types of obtained solutions. The stability property by using the features of the Hamiltonian system is tested to some obtained solutions to show their ability for applying in the model’s applications. The obtained solutions were verified with Maple 16 & Mathematica 12 by placing them back into the original equations. The performance of these methods shows their power and effectiveness for applying to many different forms of the nonlinear evolution equations with an integer and fractional order.
Uncovering community structure in networks via hybrid clustering using cascading failure dynamics and topological metric functions
Authors: Yang Bo , Huang Tao , Li Xu
Published: December 2019

Many networks have community structure — groups of nodes within which connections are dense but between which they are sparser. While there exists a range of algorithms for community detection in networks, most of them try to discover this important mesoscale structure from a topological point of view solely. Here we develop a hybrid clustering approach for uncovering the community structure in a network using a combination of information on local topology of the network and on the dynamics of the cascading failures. The originality of the proposed approach is that we introduce a novel fusion of the dynamic behaviors of the cascading failures and topological metric functions in the [Formula: see text]th-nearest neighbor density scheme, which integrates both the global and local structural information of a given network for community detection. The experimental results on both artificial random and real-world benchmark networks indicate the effectiveness and reliability of our approach.
Self-similarly corrected Padé approximants for nonlinear equations
Authors: Gluzman S. , Yukalov V. I.
Published: December 2019

We consider the problem of finding approximate analytical solutions for nonlinear equations typical of physics applications. The emphasis is on the modification of the method of Padé approximants that are known to provide the best approximation for the class of rational functions, but do not provide sufficient accuracy or cannot be applied at all for those nonlinear problems, whose solutions exhibit behavior characterized by irrational functions. In order to improve the accuracy, we suggest a method of self-similarly corrected Padé approximants taking into account the irrational functional behavior. The idea of the method is in representing the sought solution as a product of two factors, one of which is given by a self-similar root approximant, responsible for irrational functional behavior, and the other being a Padé approximant corresponding to a rational function. The efficiency of the method is illustrated by constructing very accurate solutions for nonlinear differential equations. A thorough investigation is given proving that the suggested method is more accurate than the method of standard Padé approximants.
The analytical description of a doped Mott insulator
Authors: Liu Yu-Liang
Published: December 2019

With the hierarchical Green’s function approach, we study a doped Mott insulator described with the Hubbard model by analytically solving the equations of motion of an one-particle Green’s function and related multiple-point correlation functions, and find that the separation of the spin and charge degrees of freedom of the electrons is an intrinsic character of the doped Mott insulator. For enough of large on-site repulsive Coulomb interaction, we show that the spectral weight of the one-particle Green’s function is proportional to the hole doping concentration that is mainly produced by the charge fluctuation of electrons, while the excitation spectrum of the electrons is composed of two parts: One is contributed by the spin fluctuation of the electrons, which is proportional to the hole doping concentration, and another one is coming from the coupling between the charge and spin fluctuations of the electrons that takes the maximum at undoping. All of these low energy/temperature physical properties originate from the strong on-site Coulomb interaction. The present results are consistent with the spectroscopy observations of the cuprate superconductors and the numerical calculations in normal state above the pseudogap regime.
Ranking the spreading influence of nodes in complex networks based on mixing degree centrality and local structure
Authors: Lu Pengli , Dong Chen
Published: December 2019

The safety and robustness of the network have attracted the attention of people from all walks of life, and the damage of several key nodes will lead to extremely serious consequences. In this paper, we proposed the clustering H-index mixing (CHM) centrality based on the H-index of the node itself and the relative distance of its neighbors. Starting from the node itself and combining with the topology around the node, the importance of the node and its spreading capability were determined. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we use Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) model, monotonicity and resolution as the evaluation standard of experiment. Experimental results in artificial networks and real-world networks show that CHM centrality has excellent performance in identifying node importance and its spreading capability.
Link prediction based on hybrid influence of neighbors
Authors: Gao Tianrun , Zhu Xuzhen
Published: December 2019

In previous link prediction researches, most scholars evaluate the influence of endpoints by the degree or H-index of endpoints, resulting in limited prediction accuracy. Through abundant investigations, we can evaluate the influence of endpoints accurately by the hybrid influence of neighbor nodes. Meanwhile, we calculate the hybrid influence of neighbors (HIN) by the average values of degree and H-index. In the paper, we conceive a HIN model. Large-scale experiments on 12 real datasets indicate that the conceived methods can significantly enhance the accuracy of link prediction.
Sentinel Node Biopsy and Lumpectomy in a Patient with Machado–Joseph Disease
Authors: Aldawoodi N. N. , Escher Jr. A. R. , Padalia A. , Padalia D.
Published: December 2019

Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) is an autosomal dominant, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Patients present with cerebellar ataxia, dystonia, rigidity, and neuropathy that worsen with time. On a molecular level, it occurs due to a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene. Due to the risk of pulmonary aspiration, hypoventilation, autonomic and thermoregulatory dysfunction, vocal cord paralysis, progressive paraplegia, parkinsonian symptoms, and chronic pain, it has significant anesthesia implications. Rarely, case reports occur in the literature describing regional anesthetic management of patients with SCA3, but none that describe general anesthesia specifically with MJD. We therefore describe a case of a patient with SCA3 who successfully underwent general anesthesia and considerations for perioperative management of this patient population.
Surface Effects on the Scattering of SH-Wave Around an Arbitrary Shaped Nano-Cavity
Authors: Wu Hongmei , Ou Zhiying
Published: December 2019

By using the complex variable function theory and the conformal mapping method, the scattering of plane shear wave (SH-wave) around an arbitrary shaped nano-cavity is studied. Surface effects at the nanoscale are explained based on the surface elasticity theory. According to the generalized Yong–Laplace equations, the boundary conditions are given, and the infinite algebraic equations for solving the unknown coefficients of the scattered wave solutions are established. The numerical solutions of the stress field can be obtained by using the orthogonality of trigonometric functions. Lastly, the numerical results of dynamic stress concentration factor around a circular hole, an elliptic hole and a square hole as the special cases are discussed. The numerical results show that the surface effect and wave number have a significant effect on the dynamic stress concentration, and prove that our results from theoretical derivation are correct.
Effects of Vitamin C on the Prevention of Ischemia-Reperfusion Brain Injury: Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: de Sales Kelston Paulo Felice , Pinto Bruno Araújo Serra , Ribeiro Nathalee Liberal Xavier , Melo Thamys Marinho , Galvão-Moreira Leonardo Victor , de Brito Filho Sebastião Barreto , Nigri Flávio
Published: December 2019

Background. Reperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy is a complication associated with cerebrovascular self-regulation in a chronically hypoperfused cerebral hemisphere, leading to severe neurological damage. Vitamin C is an important antioxidant in brain metabolism that has shown some neuroprotective actions. Objective. To investigate the potential effects of vitamin C on cerebral reperfusion in comparison with placebo (saline) in rats. Methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: (i) Sham (n=4), animals exposed to carotid arteries dissection without clamping; (ii) Control (n=4), animals that received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% saline solution (0.1 mL/kg) and underwent carotid arteries dissection with temporary clamping; (iii) Vitamin C (n=4), animals that received an intraperitoneal injection of vitamin C (750 mg/kg) and underwent carotid arteries dissection with temporary clamping. Behavioral assessment was then performed in all groups, which included the open field, Morris water maze and rotarod tests. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus and striatum were measured using a fluorometric assay. Results. Rats treated with vitamin C presented with a similar behavior as compared to the Sham group in all the three tests (p>0.05), but it was significantly different from controls (p<0.05). Vitamin C was also found to reduce MDA levels in both hippocampus and striatum when compared to placebo (p<0.05). Conclusion. In the present study, vitamin C was associated with behavioral and motor preservation as well as decreased cerebral MDA levels after induced cerebral ischemia in rats.
Intestinal Tuberculosis Masquerading as Crohn’s Disease? A Case of Disseminated Tuberculosis after Anti-TNF Therapy for Suspected Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Abadir Alexander P. , Han James Y. , Youssef Fady A.
Published: December 2019

Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn’s disease (CD) very closely resemble each other in symptomatology, imaging, appearance, and pathology. While ITB is rare in the United States, its prevalence is significantly higher in endemic areas, thus presenting a diagnostic dilemma in immigrant populations from high-risk countries. This patient was diagnosed with CD and treated with anti-TNF agents after indeterminate screening for latent tuberculosis. He was then admitted with septic shock and intestinal perforation due to disseminated tuberculosis. This case demonstrates the importance the consideration of ITB when a patient with risk factors for TB fails to respond to treatment for CD.
Improved Grey Particle Swarm Optimization and New Luus‐Jaakola Hybrid Algorithm Optimized IMC‐PID Controller for Diverse Wing Vibration Systems
Authors: Li Nailu , Yang Hua , Mu Anle
Published: December 2019

The PID control plays important role in wing vibration control systems. However, how to efficiently optimize the PID parameters for different kinds of wing vibration systems is still an open issue for control designers. The problem of PID control optimization is first converted into internal mode control based PID (IMC‐PID) parameters optimization problem for complex wing vibration systems. To solve this problem, a novel optimization technique, called GNPSO is proposed based on the hybridization of improved grey particle swarm optimization (GPSO) and new Luus‐Jaakola algorithm (NLJ). The original GPSO is modified by using small population size/iteration number, employing new grey analysis rule and designing new updating formula of acceleration coefficients. The hybrid GNPSO benefits improved global exploration of GPSO and strong local search of new Luus‐Jaakola (NLJ), so as to avoid arbitrary and inefficient search of global optimum and prevent the trap in local optimum. Diverse wing vibration systems, including linear system, nonlinear system and multiple‐input‐multiple‐output system are considered to verify the effectiveness of proposed method. Simulation results show that GNPSO optimized method obtains improved vibration control performance, stronger robustness and wide applicability on all system cases, compared to existing evolutionary algorithm based tuning methods. Enhanced optimization convergence and computation efficiency obtained by GNPSO tuning technique are also verified by statistical analysis.
Modeling Risk Contagion in the Venture Capital Market: A Multilayer Network Approach
Authors: Zhang X. , Valdez L. D. , Stanley H. E. , Braunstein L. A.
Published: December 2019

Venture capital plays a critical role in spurring innovation, encouraging entrepreneurship, and generating wealth. As a part of the financial market, venture capital is affected by market downturns and economic cycles, but it also creates bubbles that negatively impact the economy and social stability. Although the venture capital market is a potential source of systemic risk, there has been little study of its contagion risk mechanism, or how the failure of a single market participant can threaten systemic stability. We use a multilayer network analysis to model the risk contagion in a venture capital market when an external shock impacts a venture capital firm or start‐up company in order to understand how risk can spread through connections between market participants and harm total market robustness. We use our model to describe both the direct and indirect channels in the venture capital market that propagates risk and loss. Using real data from the worldwide venture capital market, we find that the venture capital market exhibits the same “robust‐yet‐fragile” feature as other financial systems. The coupling effect of direct and indirect risk contagions can cause abrupt transitions and large‐scale damage even when the turbulence is minor. We also find that the network structure, connectivity, and cash position distribution of market participants impact market robustness. Our study complements other emerging research on measuring systemic risk through multiple connections among market players and on the feedback risk contagion between the financial industry and the real economy.
The Intertemporal Evolution Model of Enterprise R&D Cooperative Network
Authors: Qiu Rongguo , Wang Yutong , Chen Tingqiang
Published: December 2019

Cooperation plays an irreplaceable role in knowledge creation and innovation. Innovation cooperation among enterprises forms a complex network of enterprise R&D. Given the intertemporal R&D network evolution and the complex influence between stock knowledge, this study constructs a discrete indefinitely intertemporal evolution model of an enterprise R&D cooperation network. The model consists of two main parts, that is, first is how technological innovation depends on the structure of enterprise R&D cooperation network and the second is how the enterprise R&D cooperation network evolves according to the level of technological innovation. This work uses calculation experiment and simulation method to study the evolution characteristics of enterprise R&D network in different initial R&D network topology structures, such as Erdos–Renyi random graph, WS small-world network, and BA scale-free network, and determine how previous history, attractiveness, and reputation for enterprise influence the steady-state characteristics of R&D network evolution. Results show that (1) when the R&D network evolution reaches a stable state, the joint distribution of stock knowledge and the number of cooperative enterprises do not affect the initial R&D network topology. However, the evolution path of the enterprise R&D network is complicated by the initial R&D network topology. (2) Among the three factors through which enterprises make decisions, if the enterprise values previous history highly, then the stock knowledge in a steady state will dissipate; if the enterprise values reputation highly, then the stock knowledge in a steady state will decrease but always above a threshold; if the enterprise values attractiveness highly, then the stock knowledge in a steady state can rise to a high level. These conclusions have important theoretical values and practical significance for the promotion of enterprise scientific and technological innovation and cooperative research.
ARAŞTIRMA GELİŞTİRME HARCAMALARININ EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME: AB28 ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SARIDOĞAN Hasan Önder
Published: December 2019

Ekonomik büyüme oranı, ekonomik gelişmenin ana
göstergelerinden biridir. Yeni ekonomik büyüme teorileri, teknolojiyi uzun
vadede en önemli ekonomik büyüme kaynağı olarak işaret etmektedir.
Araştırma-Geliştirme (Ar-Ge) faaliyetleri sonucu geliştirilen teknolojik bilgi,
tüm ekonomiye yayılarak ekonomik büyümeyi gerçekleştirmektedir.Bu çalışma 1998-2017 dönemi kapsamında Avrupa Birliği
(AB) ülkelerinin Ar-Ge harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeleri üzerindeki rolünü
incelemiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, Ar-Ge harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme
arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION-TURKEY RELATIONS: EFFECT OF VISA LIBERALISATION DIALOGUE
Authors: GÜNAR Altuğ , GÜNER Oğuz
Published: December 2019

The European Union is rather successful at making regulations and law whose influence go beyond the European territory, as these acts are widely considered as common standards. One of them is about personal data protection. The European Union accepted a new regulation on the protection of personal data which was put in practice in May 2018, after a long period of discussions. The regulation was accepted for the replacement of laws about data protection in member and candidate states. As a European Union candidate country, Turkey started a visa liberation dialogue with the European Union in 2013. Personal data protection issue has been one of the most crucial subjects of the visa liberation process and considered as an important requirement which must be fulfilled by Turkey. In this respect, the study will elaborate the European Union’s regulation on new personal data protection under the case of Turkey’s visa liberalisation dialogue. In the first chapter, the historical development of personal data protection, the European Union data protection regulation and current situation will be analysed. In the second chapter, the study will elaborate the issue of data protection under the case of visa liberation dialogue between Turkey and the European Union. In the last chapter, aiming to reveal the differences between General Data Protection Regulation and Turkish data protection legislation, Turkey’s cohesion to the European Union’s data protection regulation within the frame of visa liberation dialogue will be dealt. In this context, differentiating from present studies and researches in the literature, this study asserts that visa liberalisation dialogue catalyses Turkey’s compliance with the European Union’s data protection standards.
How Culture Matters in Internet Usage
Authors: Kim Sangmoon , Ju Chang Bum
Published: December 2019

This study investigates cultural influences on the way that the Internet is utilised. We specifically examine how online time is allocated between information searching and communication in two culturally distinct societies: South Korea and the United States. Based on the argument that personal communication in South Korea shows a higher level of contexting, which is not easily transmitted over the Internet, we hypothesise that Koreans spend relatively less time on online communication than Americans do. Our analyses of time-use data support this hypothesis. We find that the difference between the societies is not in the length of time spent on online communication, but the choice of the Internet as a communication medium. Koreans are less likely to view the Internet as a communication medium than Americans, although they are equally active once involved in this activity.
Get a grip: unusual disturbances drive crayfish to improvise
Authors: Ion Mihaela C. , Puha Adela E. , Suciu Tudor , Pârvulescu Lucian
Published: December 2019

Animals that face unusual situations react instinctively in order to efficiently adapt to changes in the environment. Persistence leads training and learning the developed solution, which can then be applied to similar challenges in the future. We experimented on adult narrow-clawed crayfish extracted from both lentic and lotic habitats. We proved that the latter were more prone to grabbing objects during acute exposure to water currents. Chronic exposure of specimens from lentic habitat to water currents led to intense training in clumping activity, gripping quickly to adherent side objects regardless of the origin (natural or artificial). The behaviour was significantly reduced after the trained specimens were returned to an environment without water currents for a four-week period. The results suggest that crayfish can learn a solution when faced with a disturbance; once the disturbance disappeared, the trained response was no longer needed and lost.
The genus Berntsenus Massey, 1974 is a junior synonym of Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Giblin-Davis Robin M.
Published: December 2019

Stylet (feeding) dimorphism of Bursaphelenchus sinensis was experimentally confirmed during a recent study and its predatory form was considered similar in morphology to species of Berntsenus. Therefore, available type and voucher materials for members of Berntsenus were examined for their morphology and compared with Bursaphelenchus sinensis and B. aberrans, another related species showing feeding dimorphism. The typological characters of their co-habiting aphelenchoidid species were also examined. The type materials of Berntsenus spp. have characteristic squared lips, a thick stylet, large median bulb and short and stout pharyngeal glands; males, when present, have a P1 papilla and a tape-like bursa, suggesting that they are the predatory form of improperly classified Bursaphelenchus species. In addition, Aphelenchoides pityokteini and Ektaphelenchus tenuidens (= Aphelenchoides tenuidens), co-occurring with their respective host bark beetle isolates of Berntsenus, were typologically confirmed to belong to the aberrans-group of Bursaphelenchus and considered to be conspecific to each co-habiting Berntsenus species. Herein, Berntsenus is synonymised with Bursaphelenchus, and Bursaphelenchus brachycephalus n. comb. (= Berntsenus brachycephalus and E. tenuidens) and Bursaphelenchus pityokteini n. comb. (= A. pityokteini and Berntsenus labiosus) are proposed.
Mapping Transformation of Nineteenth-Century Chinese Cities within China’s Incorporation Process
Authors: Ru Sung Hee
Published: December 2019

During the 19th century, China’s socioeconomic geography experienced unprecedented spatial changes. Through these spatial transformations, which were caused by the penetration of western capitalism, Chinese cities morphed into epicenters of international trade between Western powers and China. By examining the major transformations having taken place in 19th century Chinese cities, the author investigates unexplained or neglected transformations in three areas: (1) the decline of interdependent inland cities connected by waterways; (2) the simultaneous rise of independent port cities under the influence of the capitalist world-economy; and (3) the forging of port city–hinterland relationships in connection with the capitalist world-economy. It helps to understand the role that port cities have played in the development of China’s historical capitalism.