bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for Biosafety Evaluation of Strontium Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite
Authors: da Costa Silva Elisângela , de Souza Augusto Monteiro , Rossi Alexandre Malta , Costa Andrea Machado , Grangeiro José Mauro , Luchiari Ana Carolina , de Medeiros Silvia Regina Batistuzzo
Published: September 2024

Despite the numerous studies on biocompatibility with nano‐biomaterials, the biological effects of strontium‐substituted HA nanoparticles (nSrHA) need to be better understood. So, we conducted an embryotoxicity test using zebrafish (Danio rerio) according to the OECD 236 guideline, a model that represents a viable alternative that bridges the gap between in vitro and mammalian models. Zebrafish embryos were exposed for 120 h to microspheres containing nSrHA nanoparticles with low and high crystallinity, synthesized at temperatures of 5°C (nSrHA5) and 90°C (nSrHA90). We evaluated lethality, developmental parameters, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The larval behavior was assessed at 168 hpf to determine if the biomaterials affected motor responses and anxiety‐like behavior. The results showed that the survival rate decreased significantly for the nSrHA5 group (low crystalline particles), and an increase in ROS was also observed in this group. However, none of the biomaterials caused morphological changes indicative of toxicity during larval development. Additionally, the behavioral tests did not reveal any alterations in all experimental groups, indicating the absence of neurotoxic effects from exposure to the tested biomaterials. These findings provide valuable insights into the biosafety of modified HA‐based nanostructured biomaterials, making them a promising strategy for bone tissue repair. As the use of hydroxyapatite‐based biomaterials continues to grow, it is crucial to ensure rigorous control over the quality, reliability, and traceability of these materials.
Efficacy of Low‐Dose Scopolamine and Palonosetron in Reducing Immediate Post‐Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Nausea and Vomiting: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Lin Jianghuai , Cai Zhiming , Lin Yingzi , Wu Huanghui , Gu Yu
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to assess the incidence of post‐discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV) following sedation with nalbuphine and etomidate and to evaluate the prophylactic effects of scopolamine in reducing PDNV. A two‐stage prospective clinical trial was conducted. The first part involved an observational study of 77 subjects to assess the PDNV incidence post‐sedation with nalbuphine, etomidate, and propofol. The second part compared the effectiveness of palonosetron 0.075 mg (P group), scopolamine 0.1 mg (S group), and their combination (PS group) in reducing PDNV. The primary endpoint was the incidence of PDNV within 8 h post‐sedation. Secondary outcomes included PDNV frequency and severity at 8–24, 0–24, and 24–48 h and side effects of medications. The incidence of PDNV within 8 h post‐sedation was 37.66% (29/77). The PS group showed a significantly lower PDNV rate of 2.56% within 8 h, compared to the P group (35.71%, P < .001), S group (19.64%, P < .001), and control group (38.39%, P < .001), respectively. The S group (19.64%) also had a lower rate than the P group (35.71%, P = .007) and the control group (38.39%, P = .002). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential differential effect of palonosetron in reducing vomiting among male patients undergoing gastrointestinal procedures. The combination therapy was also associated with fewer cases of mild or no nausea and vomiting. In summary, the incidence of PDNV following sedation with nalbuphine and etomidate was notably high. The combination of scopolamine and palonosetron was more effective in preventing PDNV, with implications for improved post‐sedation care.
Effects of Flammulina velutipes powder on the emulsion properties of chicken myofibrillar protein under low‐salt conditions
Authors: Fu Qingquan , Qin Chun , Chen Quanzhan , Zhang Wei , Han Miaomiao
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the influence of varying concentrations of Flammulina velutipes powder (FVP) (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 g L−1, based on FVP weight per liter of emulsion) on the stability, rheological properties, microstructure, and interfacial protein content of chicken myofibrillar protein (MP) emulsions under low‐salt conditions. Visual assessment and the Turbiscan stability index revealed that the stability of MP emulsions improved with increasing FVP concentration. The greatest stability was achieved when the FVP concentration was 16 gL−1. The incorporation of FVP enhanced the elasticity and viscosity of the emulsions by forming a dense three‐dimensional network structure. The droplet size of the emulsions initially decreased and then increased with increasing FVP concentration. The addition of FVP increased the amount of protein absorbed by the emulsion layer. Flammulina velutipes powder is promising as a stabilizer that could improve the emulsifying and functional properties of low‐salt myofibrillar protein emulsions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
“Whether and how digital celebrities make us hungry for travel?”—An exploration of broadening and constructing perspectives on gastronomic tourism
Authors: Zhou Jieling , Xiang Keheng , Wang Mengyao , Zhao Yangke
Published: September 2024

This study explored the influence of digital celebrities on gastronomic tourism through the lens of the broaden‐and‐build theory. Utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) and a case study focused on TikTok, the research examined how consumers' subjective well‐being (SWB) affects para‐social interaction, novelty seeking, and audience participation, and how these factors, in turn, influence behavioral intention in the domains of food and travel. The results validated the proposed hypotheses, underscoring the importance of SWB in shaping behavioral intention within gastronomic tourism driven by digital celebrities. This paper enhances the current literature by elucidating the role of digital celebrities in gastronomic tourism and offers practical insights for marketers and tourism professionals on optimizing the influence of digital celebrities to improve the gastronomic tourism experience.
Optimizing the patellofemoral compartment in total knee arthroplasty: Is it time for dynamic assessment?
Authors: Koutserimpas Christos , Saffarini Mo , Bonnin Michel , Hirschmann Michael T. , Lustig Sébastien
Published: September 2024

Despite improvements in implant design, surgical techniques and assistive technologies for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), anterior knee pain (AKP) remains frequently reported, even by satisfied patients. This persistent problem calls for better understanding and management of the patellofemoral or anterior compartment during surgery, just as the techniques and strategies deployed to optimize the flexion and extension spaces through personalized alignment, bone cuts and ligament balancing. Assistive technologies such as navigation and robotics provide new tools to manage this ‘third space’ through precise pre‐operative planning and dynamic intra‐operative assessment. Such endeavors must start with clear definitions of the ‘third space’, how it should be measured, what constitutes its ‘safe zone’, and how it affects outcomes. There are yet no established methods to evaluate the patellofemoral compartment, and no clear thresholds to define over‐ or under‐stuffing. Static assessment using lateral radiographs provides a limited understanding and depends considerably on flexion angle, while dynamic evaluation at multiple flexion angles or using intra‐operative computer or robotic‐assistance enables a broader perspective and solutions to manage patellar tracking and anterior offset. Future studies should investigate the impact of variations in anterior offset in TKA, define its safe zone, and understand the effects of of thresholds for over‐ or under‐stuffing. Experimental methods such as in‐vivo motion analysis and force sensors could elucidate the influence of anterior offset on flexion and extension biomechanics.
Decoupling of Phase and Amplitude Channels with a Terahertz Metasurface Toward High‐Security Image Hiding
Authors: Zhao Huan , Nan Tong , Wang Xinke , Liu Siyuan , Chen Zhuo , Sang Yungang , Wang Yu , Han Chunrui , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2024

Steganography technology which conceals a message in a carrier to make it invisible is critical for information security. Conventional optical image steganography using diffractive optical components or spatial light modulators suffers from less encoding channel and bulky volume. The emergence of multifunctional metasurface that can manipulate abundant physical dimensions of optical fields allows the multi‐channel image steganography in a compact volume. Here, the image hiding in a metasurface is demonstrated by modulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization states of terahertz (THz) waves completely. Especially, the phase channel can decouple from the amplitude channel based on a Fresnel‐diffraction‐based algorithm. By directly measuring the phase distribution using the homemade THz focal plane imaging system, the number of transmission channels can expand from N to 2N. As a proof of concept, it is shown that the secret images can encode in the phase channel and subsequently extract by using different keys, such as polarization states, detection distances, and its combinations. Moreover, different hiding strategies with different attacker behaviors are also demonstrated. The decoupling of the phase and amplitude channels with a single metasurface may open an avenue toward innovative optoelectronic devices for optical image steganography, data storage, and terahertz communication.
Ultrafast Four‐Wave Mixing Phase‐Matched by Transient Nonlinear Phase Modulation in a MAPbBr3 Single Crystal
Authors: Ren Jiahui , Zhang Xinping
Published: September 2024

A degenerated four‐wave‐mixing (FWM) process in single‐crystal (CH3NH3)PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) is reported, where 150‐fs laser pulses at 1.33 µm are employed as the pump. Two pump photons interact with a single crystal, producing another two photons with higher and lower energies, respectively. One of the FWM‐generation sidebands is tuned from ∼1.23 to 1.21 µm and the other from ∼1.43 to 1.48 µm for the center wavelength, as the pump fluence is increased from 2.6 to 11.69 mJ cm−2. The self‐phase modulation induced by the strong pump pulses through the optical Kerr effect is responsible for the tuning dynamics. Transient spectroscopy not only verifies the FWM scheme for the interacting waves but also reveals the interference dynamics between the FWM‐generated sidebands and the probe pulse. In particular, the angular dependence of the FWM generation supplies direct evidence for the phase‐matching geometry. Using experimental data, a nonlinear refractive index coefficient of 1.19 × 10−14 cm2 W−1 at 1.33 µm for single‐crystal MAPbBr3 is determined.
Metasurface Enabled Multi‐Target and Multi‐Wavelength Diffraction Neural Networks
Authors: Chi Haoxiang , Zang Xiaofei , Zhang Teng , Wang Guannan , Fan Zhiyuan , Zhu Yiming , Chen Xianzhong , Zhuang Songlin
Published: September 2024

Benefiting from low power consumption and high processing speed, there is a growing interest in diffraction neural networks (DNNs), which are typically showcased with 3D printing devices, leading to large volumes, high costs, and low levels of integration. Metasurfaces can desirably manipulate wavefronts of electromagnetic waves, providing a compact platform for mimicking DNNs with novel functions. Although multi‐wavelength and multi‐target recognition provides a richer and more detailed understanding of complex environments, existing architectures are primarily trained to classify a single target at a specific wavelength. A metasurface approach is proposed to design multiplexed DNNs that can classify multiple targets and spatial sequences across various wavelengths in multiple channels. To realize multi‐task processing, the dielectric metasurface is designed based on phase and wavelength multiplexing, which can integrate multi‐target DNNs with different tasks such as operating at distinct wavelengths and classifying diverse targets. The efficacy of this method is exemplified through the numerical simulation and experimental demonstration of recognizing a single target with two wavelengths, two targets at a single wavelength, and two targets at dual wavelengths. This compact metasurface approach enables the design of multi‐target and multi‐wavelength DNNs, opening a new window to develop massively parallel processing and versatile artificial intelligence systems.
Atomistic Simulations Reveal Crucial Role of Metal Ions for Ligand Binding in Guanidine‐I Riboswitch
Authors: Franke Leon , Globisch Christoph , Karakurt Mehmet Can , Stephan Theresa , Peter Christine
Published: September 2024

Riboswitches are structured ribonucleic acid (RNA) segments that act as specific sensors for small molecules in bacterial metabolism. Due to the flexible nature of these highly charged macromolecules, molecular dynamics simulations are instrumental to investigating the mechanistic details of their regulatory function. In the present study, the guanidine‐I riboswitch serves as an example of how atomistic simulations can shed light on the effect of ions on the structure and dynamics of RNA and on ligand binding. Relying on two orthologous crystal structures from different bacterial species, it is demonstrated how the ion setup crucially determines whether the simulation yields meaningful insights into the conformational stability of the RNA, functionally relevant residues and RNA‐ligand interactions. The ion setup in this context includes diffuse ions in solution and bound ions associated directly with the RNA, in particular a triad of 2 Mg2+ ions and a K+ ion in close proximity to the guanidinium binding site. A detailed investigation of the binding pocket reveals that the K+ from the ion triad plays a decisive role in stabilizing the ligand binding by stabilizing important localized interactions, which in turn contribute to the overall shape of the folded state of the RNA.
A Homozygous Variant in NAA60 Is Associated with Primary Familial Brain Calcification
Authors: Chen Xinhui , Shi Yihua , Fu Feng , Wang Lebo , Yu Hongying , Yang Dehao , Wang Xinchen , Ying Chenxin , Wang Haoyu , Lin Zhiru , Wang Haotian , Zhang Fan , Zheng Xiaosheng , Guo Yuru , Wang Yaoting , Zeng YiHeng , Zhao Miao , Chen Yiling , Li Jiaxiang , Xia Haibin , Chen Jiawen , Wang Bo , Wu Sheng , Xie Fei , Feng Jianhua , Cen Zhidong , Luo Wei
Published: September 2024

Background

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a monogenic disorder characterized by bilateral calcifications in the brain. The genetic basis remains unknown in over half of the PFBC patients, indicating the existence of additional novel causative genes. NAA60 was a recently reported novel causative gene for PFBC.

Objective

The aim was to identify the probable novel causative gene in an autosomal recessive inherited PFBC family.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive genetic study on a consanguineous Chinese family with 3 siblings diagnosed with PFBC. We evaluated the effect of the variant in a probable novel causative gene on the protein level using Western blot, immunofluorescence, and coimmunoprecipitation. Possible downstream pathogenic mechanisms were further explored in gene knockout (KO) cell lines and animal models.

Results

We identified a PFBC co‐segregated homozygous variant of c.460_461del (p.D154Lfs*113) in NAA60. Functional assays showed that this variant disrupts NAA60 protein localization to Golgi and accelerated protein degradation. The mutant NAA60 protein alters its interaction with the PFBC‐related proteins PiT2 and XPR1, affecting intracellular phosphate homeostasis. Further mass spectrometry analysis in NAA60 KO cell lines revealed decreased expression of multiple brain calcification–associated proteins, including reduced folate carrier (RFC), a folate metabolism–related protein.

Conclusions

Our study replicated the identification of NAA60 as a novel causative gene for autosomal recessive PFBC, demonstrating our causative variant leads to NAA60 loss of function. The NAA60 loss of function disrupts not only PFBC‐related proteins (eg, PiT2 and XPR1) but also a wide range of other brain calcification–associated membrane protein substrates (eg, RFC), and provided a novel probable pathogenic mechanism for PFBC. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Bone metastasis scintigram generation using generative adversarial learning with multi‐receptive field learning and two‐stage training
Authors: Lin Qiang , Xie An , Zeng Xianwu , Cao Yongchun , Man Zhengxing , Hao Yusheng , Liu Caihong , Huang Xiaodi
Published: September 2024

Background

Deep learning is the primary method for conducting automated analysis of SPECT bone scintigrams. The lack of available large‐scale data significantly hinders the development of well‐performing deep learning models, as the performance of a deep learning model is positively correlated with the size of the dataset used. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for an automated data generation method to enlarge the dataset of SPECT bone scintigrams.

Purpose

We introduce a deep learning‐based generation model that can generate realistic but not identical samples from the original SPECT bone scintigrams.

Methods

Following the generative adversarial learning architecture, a bone metastasis scintigram generation model christened BMS‐Gen is proposed. First, BMS‐Gen takes multiple input conditions and employs multi‐receptive field learning to ensure that the generated samples are as realistic as possible. Second, BMS‐Gen adopts generative adversarial learning to retain the diversity of the generated samples. Last, BMS‐Gen uses a two‐stage training strategy to improve the quality of the generated samples.

Results

Experimental evaluation conducted on a set of clinical data of SPECT BM scintigrams has shown the performance of the proposed BMS‐Gen, achieving the best overall scores of 1678.0, 69.33, and 19.51 for FID (Fréchet Inception Distance), MSE (Mean Square Error), and PSNR (Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio) metrics. The introduction of samples generated by BMS‐Gen contributes a maximum (minimum) increase of 3.01% (0.15%) on the F‐1 score and a maximum (minimum) increase of 6.83% (2.21%) on the DSC score for the image classification and segmentation tasks, respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed BMS‐Gen model can be used as a promising tool for augmenting the data of bone scintigrams, greatly facilitating the development of deep learning‐based automated analysis of SPECT bone scintigrams.
Impact of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio on the effect of hyperglycemia at admission on clinical outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Tang Tao , Zhang Dawei , Wang Fang , Fan Tieping , Thomas Aline M. , Lan Xiaoyan , Zhao Manhong , Li Di , Zhao Xinghui
Published: September 2024

Background

The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is highly associated with stress responses to acute disorders and may be useful for differentiating hyperglycemia after stroke that is induced by stress or other causes. This study aims to evaluate whether the NLR modifies the effect of hyperglycemia at admission on clinical outcome after thrombectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 343 patients that underwent endovascular thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion between January 2019 and June 2022. NLR at admission was used to dichotomize patients into low‐NLR and high‐NLR groups according to its median value. The primary outcome was 90‐day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale Score 0–2). Secondary outcomes were 24 h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90‐day mortality.

Results

Overall, hyperglycemia at admission decreased the likelihood of functional independence (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.34, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.19–0.60, p < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between the NLR and hyperglycemia at admission on functional independence (p = 0.024). Hyperglycemia at admission was negatively associated with functional independence in low‐NLR patients (adjusted OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07–0.42, p < 0.001), but not in high‐NLR patients (adjusted OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.30–1.48, p = 0.320). Interactions between the NLR and hyperglycemia at admission on 24 h symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (p = 0.734) and 90‐day mortality (p = 0.657) were not significant.

Conclusions

The NLR modified the detrimental effect of hyperglycemia at admission on functional independence after thrombectomy. Low‐NLR patients with hyperglycemia were at a high risk of poor outcomes, and might more likely benefit from aggressive glucose‐lowering treatment.
Recovery and restoration of glass fibers from end‐of‐life composite waste through pyrolysis and partial oxidation processes combined with hot alkaline surface treatments
Authors: Rafay A. , Irfan M. , Naqvi S. R. , Umer M. A. , Rehman M. A. , Saleem M. , Butt M. S. , Khan A. U.
Published: September 2024

Environmental hazards caused by the ever‐increasing end‐of‐life (EoL) glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRPs) composite waste is of major concern for the sustainable development of the industry. Compared to land filling or incineration, pyrolysis is one of the most promising environmentally friendly methods of disposal of EoL GFRPs. Pyrolysis not only results in recovery of clean glass fibers but other valuable products, such as oils. However, long processing time at elevated temperature leads to aggravation of already existed surface flaws along with the structural changes. Therefore, thermal conditioning of glass fibers results in severe deterioration of the strength in recovered fibers and hence limiting the use of recovered fibers to low end‐products. In this study, a new strategy was adopted where instead of complete cleaning of the fibers at pyrolysis stage, the fibers were partially oxidized and the complete removal of char from the surface of glass was done during hot alkaline etching. This strategy was opted to enhance the quality of the required fibers while reducing the processing time. The results showed ~200% increase in strength of fibers after the combined treatment of pyrolysis and post etching compared to the just pyrolyzed samples with etching time of just 1 min.

Highlights

End‐of‐life panels of GFRPs were pyrolyzed under inert environment of Argon.

Residual char was partially removed through post oxidation under flowing air.

Hot alkaline etching resulted in complete removal of char and surface defects.

Partial oxidation and short etching cycles resulted in improved strength of recovered glass fibers.
Single‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes with temperature‐independent modulus using cellulose nanocrystal‐MXene and Poly(tetramethylene glycol)‐based waterborne polyurethane and PEO
Authors: Nourany Mohammad , Rostami Sasan , Talebi Farough
Published: September 2024

With the rapid progress of electric vehicles, the focus on high‐energy‐density anodes has increased substantially. Lithium metal (Li) possesses a high energy density of 3800 mAh/g. However, it poses safety issues for liquid electrolytes, mandating the use of safer replacements like solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). In this regard, polyethylene oxide (PEO), as the most prominent SPE, shows the highest ionic conductivity (σ) among polymers despite facing challenges including loss of thermomechanical stability around 60°C and low lithium‐ion (Li+) transference number (). Here, we designed SPEs consisting of PEO, poly (tetramethylene glycol)‐based waterborne polyurethane (WPU), cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and MXene. The presence of WPU was quite effective at increasing (). High CNC loading () made elastic modulus () independent of temperature with terminal , while improving σ and . These achievements were attributed to CNCs competing with over oxygen atoms of PEO and the formation of a strong CNC network. was able to increase σ from attributed to intercalation of PEO into its interlayer spaces while also increasing to 0.897. The SPEs showed a high electrochemical stability window. The optimal electrolyte showed high Coulombic efficiency and stable cycling performance.

Highlights

Ionomeric units resulted in a high lithium‐ion transference number ()

Hydrogen bonding was partially responsible for increased

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) increased ionic conductivity and

CNCs suppressed PEO spherulites' size and increased thermomechanical stability

MXene disrupts PEO crystal growth and provides a new route for conduction
Alias‐informed model selection (AIMS) for 7 and 8 factor no‐confounding 16‐run fractional factorial designs
Authors: Metcalfe Carly E. , Jones Bradley , Montgomery Douglas C.
Published: September 2024

Nonregular fractional factorial designs are a preferable alternative to regular resolution IV designs because they avoid confounding 2‐factor interactions. As a result, nonregular designs can estimate and identify a few active 2‐factor interactions. However, due to the sometimes complex alias structure of nonregular designs, standard factor screening strategies can fail to identify all active effects. We report on a screening technique that takes advantage of the alias structure of these nonregular designs. This alias‐informed‐model‐selection (AIMS) technique has been used previously for a specific 6‐factor nonregular design. We show how the AIMS technique can be applied to 7‐ and 8‐factor nonregular designs, completing the exposition of this method for all 16‐run 2‐level designs that are viable alternatives to standard Resolution IV fractional factorial designs. We compare AIMS to three other standard analysis methods for nonregular designs, stepwise regression, the lasso, and the Dantzig selector. AIMS consistently outperforms these methods in identifying the set of active factors.
Reliability test for degradation data based on ranked set sampling
Authors: Zhang Wenhan , Zhu Xiaojun , He Mu , Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan
Published: September 2024

In this article, we consider test for the two null hypotheses for and , two widely useful tests in reliability, based on ranked set sampling (RSS). We derive the likelihood ratio test as well as the associated exact and asymptotic results. Considering a fixed significance level and power of the test, we show that the proposed test statistic outperforms the existing test. In small sample cases, the proposed test leads to a much narrower confidence interval for the reliability function . Then, the test statistics obtained from simple random sampling and RSS schemes are compared through which, the efficiency of using RSS is demonstrated. For illustration, we apply the proposed test to a degradation data from the reliability literature. Upon using RSS, the cost of measurement gets reduced and efficiency gets improved, suggesting the importance and use of RSS data in reliability experiments and their design.
“It's Like They Are Using Our Data Against Us.” Counter‐Cartographies of AI Literacy
Authors: Aleman Ezequiel , Martinez Ricardo
Published: September 2024

This study explores how youth engage with literacy practices in the age of AI through the use of counter‐cartographies within the Nayah‐Irú curriculum. By critically examining digital platforms and the underlying algorithms, students embarked on a journey to understand and challenge the pervasive influence of artificial intelligence in their lives. The curriculum encouraged students to create alternative narratives (counter‐maps) that represent their unique experiences and perspectives, challenging the dominant discourses around technology and power. This process of counter‐mapping served as a powerful tool for fostering critical literacy and agency among the youth, enabling them to envision and advocate for transformative changes in their relationship with digital technologies. Educators played a key role in guiding these explorations, emphasizing the importance of a community‐centered approach to literacy that incorporates real‐world scenarios and addresses the socio‐cultural dynamics of AI. Through counter‐cartographies of AI literacy, students not only critiqued existing digital structures but also imagined new possibilities for engagement and resistance, highlighting the potential for youth to actively shape the discourse and practice of literacy practices in digital platforms.
Wide Range Near‐Zero Thermal Quenching of Orange–Yellow Phosphor via Impeding Self‐Oxidation of Eu2+ for Versatile Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Ding Yang , Lu Xinyue , Maitra Soumyajit , Wang Yan , Mao Qinan , Liu Meijiao , Han Ning , Zhong Jiasong
Published: September 2024

Li2SrSiO4:Eu2+ is a promising substitute for traditional Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce3+) owing to its strong orange–yellow emission of 4f‐5d transition originating from Eu2+ dopant, covering the more red‐light region. However, its inevitable luminescence thermal quenching at high temperatures and the self‐oxidation of Eu2+ strongly impede their applications. Their remediation remains highly challenging. Herein, an anti‐self‐oxidation(ASO) concept of Eu2+ in Li2SrSiO4 substrate by adding trivalent rare‐earth ions (A3+: A = La, Gd, Y, Lu) for highly efficient and stable orange–yellow light emission have been proposed. A significantly increased orange–yellow emission (202% improvement) from Li2Sr0.95A0.05SiO4:Eu2+ with a wide range near‐zero thermal quenching is obtained, superior to other Eu2+ activated phosphors. The presence of A3+ ions with various radii modifies the ASO degree of Eu2+ ions, achieving the tunable chemical state, composition, electronic configuration, crystal‐field strength, and luminescent characteristics of the developed phosphors. For the proof of the concept, a W‐LED device and a PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) luminescent film are fabricated, endowing excellent luminescence performance and thermal stability and the huge application prospects of Li2SrSiO4:Eu2+ in lighting and display fields.
Triadic Halobenzene Processing Additive Combined Advantages of Both Solvent and Solid Types for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Park Jaeyeong , Jeong Seonghun , Sun Zhe , Mai Thi Le Huyen , Jeong Seokhwan , Yang Sangjin , Yang Changduk
Published: September 2024

Solvent additives with a high boiling point (BP) and low vapor pressure (VP) have formed a key handle for improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, it is not always clear whether they remain in the active‐layer film after deposition, which can negatively affect the reproducibility and stability of OSCs. In this study, an easily removable solvent additive (4‐chloro‐2‐fluoroiodobenzene (CFIB)) with a low BP and high VP is introduced, behaving like volatile solid additives that can be completely removed during the device fabrication process. In‐depth studies of CFIB addition into the D18‐Cl donor and N3 acceptor validate its dominant non‐covalent intermolecular interactions with N3 through effective electrostatic interactions. Such phenomena improve charge dynamics and kinetics by optimizing the morphology, leading to enhanced performance of D18‐Cl:N3‐based devices with a power conversion efficiency of 18.54%. The CFIB‐treated device exhibits exceptional thermal stability (T80 lifetime = 120 h) at 85 °C compared with the CFIB‐free device, because of its morphological robustness by evolving no residual CFIB in the film. The CFIB features a combination of advantages of solvent (easy application) and solid (high volatility) additives, demonstrating its great potential use in the commercial mass production of OSCs.
Delicate Regulation of Central Substituents Boosts Organic Photovoltaic Performance of Dimeric Acceptors
Authors: Jia Xinyuan , Li Yu , Cao Xiangjian , Bi Xingqi , Zhao Wenkai , Yao Zhaoyang , Long Guankui , Kan Bin , Guo Yaxiao , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: September 2024

Dimeric acceptors are expected to satisfy both excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, comparing to highly planar and symmetrical monomer‐like acceptors, the quite different steric/spatial configurations of dimeric acceptors affect device outcomes greatly. Herein, on basis of the same dimeric molecular platform that constructed by bridging central units of two monomer‐like acceptor, diverse substituents (─OCH3 for D1, ─CH3 for D2, and ─CF3 for D3) are grafted on central units to regulate the three dimensions (3D) geometries of dimeric acceptors delicately. A systematic investigation reveals the substituent‐dependent variation of energy level, absorption, and molecular packing behavior. Consequently, D2 acceptor, characteristic of more favorable configuration, affords a superior film morphology and charge transfer/transport dynamics in resulting OSCs, thus yielding an excellent PCE of 17.50% along with a good long‐term stability. This work manifests the crucially important role of central substituents in constructing high‐performance dimeric acceptors.
Space‐efficient data structures for the inference of subsumption and disjointness relations
Authors: Fuentes‐Sepúlveda José , Gatica Diego , Navarro Gonzalo , Rodríguez M. Andrea , Seco Diego
Published: September 2024

Conventional database systems function as static data repositories, storing vast amounts of facts and offering efficient query processing capabilities. The sheer volume of data these systems store has a direct impact on their scalability, both in terms of storage space and query processing time. Deductive database systems, on the other hand, require far less storage space since they derive new knowledge by applying inference rules. The challenge is how to efficiently obtain the required derivations, compared to having them in explicit form. In this study, we concentrate on a set of predefined inference rules for subsumption and disjointness relations, including their negations. We use compact data structures to store the facts and provide algorithms to support each type of relation, minimizing even further the storage space requirements. Our experimental findings demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, which not only saves space but is often faster than a baseline that uses well‐known graph traversal algorithms implemented on top of a traditional adjacency list representation to derive the relations.
Gas‐Shearing Microfluidic Fabrication of Polydiacetylene–Alginate Colorimetric Sensor Beads
Authors: Ahmadi Narges , Kim Dong Yun , Shin Seung Soo , Daradmare Sneha , Kim Jong‐Man , Park Bum Jun
Published: September 2024

Polydiacetylenes (PDA) are highly regarded for their unique colorimetric and fluorescent responses, making them ideal for sensor development. Despite their potential, conventional methods for fabricating biocompatible PDA‐encapsulated hydrogel sensor beads often fail to offer precise control over bead size and morphology. This study introduces a coflow gas‐shearing microfluidic system that effectively overcomes these limitations, enabling the controlled production of polydiacetylene/alginate (PDA/Alg) and polydiacetylene/polydimethylsiloxane/alginate (PDA/PDMS/Alg) microbeads. Through systematic variation of gas pressure, liquid flow rates, and nozzle sizes, the mechanisms of droplet breakup and generation are explored. This process is validated through numerical modeling based on the Weber number, which enhances our understanding of droplet size distribution and flow regimes. The solvatochromic properties of PDA/Alg microbeads are assessed, highlighting their potential as polar solvent sensors and discussing the solvatochromic mechanism in terms of intermolecular interactions and the dissolution of unpolymerized monomers. Additionally, PDA/PDMS/Alg microbeads exhibit a semireversible thermochromic response under repeated cycles of heating, cooling, and UV exposure. This response is attributed to the formation of new PDA domains inside the PDMS phase upon UV exposure onto the red‐phase microbeads. Overall, this study successfully demonstrates a straightforward and effective microfluidic approach for producing well‐defined stimulus‐responsive PDA–hydrogel microbeads.
Universal Synthesis of Core–Shell‐Structured Ordered Mesoporous Transition Metal Dichalcogenides/Metal Oxides Heterostructures with Active Edge Sites
Authors: Li Zhenliang , Rao Yujian , Wang Zhehan , Zhang Tuo , Wu Guodong , Sun Litao , Ren Yuan , Tao Li
Published: September 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are widely used in interfacial reactions and electronic devices due to their tunable bandgap and high efficiency of carrier transport. However, the lack of fully exposed active sites in bulk samples or stacked nanosheets leads to limited performances. In this work, a general method is developed to construct ordered mesoporous TMDs/metal oxides (OM‐TMDs/MOs) heterostructures, including WS2/WO3, WSe2/WO3, WTe2/WO3, MoS2/MoO3, and V3S4/V2O3, through one‐step thermal sulfurization (selenidation/tellurization) of self‐assembled amphiphilic block copolymer/polyoxometalates clusters nanocomposites with ordered mesostructures. The OM‐TMDs/MOs possess highly OM structures with high specific surface area, large pore size, and rich active edge sites in the frameworks of heterostructures. The chemiresistive gas sensor based on OM‐WS2/WO3 shows excellent NO2‐sensing performances at room temperature, with high sensitivity, ultrahigh selectivity (/S
gas > 20), and fast response speed (6 s). Theoretical study reveals that the strong adsorption capacity of WS2/WO3 heterostructure and edge sites of WS2 for NO2 molecules and the high charge transfer between them contribute to high selectivity and sensitivity of the sensor. This universal method provides novel strategy for synthesis of OM TMDs‐based nanomaterials, showing great potential in various applications such as electronic devices, catalysis, energy storage, and conversions.
Immuno-related cardio-vascular adverse events associated with immuno-oncological treatments: an under-estimated threat for cancer patients
Authors: Panuccio Giuseppe , Correale Pierpaolo , d’Apolito Maria , Mutti Luciano , Giannicola Rocco , Pirtoli Luigi , Giordano Antonio , Labate Demetrio , Macheda Sebastiano , Carabetta Nicole , Abdelwahed Youssef S. , Landmesser Ulf , Tassone Pierfrancesco , Tagliaferri Pierosandro , De Rosa Salvatore , Torella Daniele
Published: September 2024

Immunotherapy represents an emergent and heterogeneous group of anticancer treatments harnessing the human immune-surveillance system, including immune-checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (CAR-T) therapy, cancer vaccines and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) therapy. While remarkably effective against several malignancies, these therapies, often in combination with other cancer treatments, have showed unforeseen toxicity, including cardiovascular complications. The occurrence of immuno-mediated adverse (irAEs) events has been progressively reported in the last 10 years. These irAEs present an extended range of severity, from self-limiting to life-threatening conditions. Although recent guidelines in CardioOncology have provided important evidence in managing cancer treatments, they often encompass general approaches. However, a specific focus is required due to the particular etiology, unique risk factors, and associated side effects of immunotherapy. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the prevalence and nature of cardiovascular issues in patients undergoing immunotherapy, offering insights into strategies for risk stratification and management.
Association of quantitative histopathology measurements with antemortem medial temporal lobe cortical thickness in the Alzheimer’s disease continuum
Authors: Denning Amanda E. , Ittyerah Ranjit , Levorse Lisa M. , Sadeghpour Niyousha , Athalye Chinmayee , Chung Eunice , Ravikumar Sadhana , Dong Mengjin , Duong Michael Tran , Li Yue , Ilesanmi Ademola , Sreepada Lasya P. , Sabatini Philip , Lowe MaKayla , Bahena Alejandra , Zablah Jamila , Spencer Barbara E. , Watanabe Ryohei , Kim Boram , Sørensen Maja Højvang , Khandelwal Pulkit , Brown Christopher , Hrybouski Stanislau , Xie Sharon X. , de Flores Robin , Robinson John L. , Schuck Theresa , Ohm Daniel T. , Arezoumandan Sanaz , Porta Sílvia , Detre John A. , Insausti Ricardo , Wisse Laura E. M. , Das Sandhitsu R. , Irwin David J. , Lee Edward B. , Wolk David A. , Yushkevich Paul A.
Published: September 2024

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a hotspot for neuropathology, and measurements of MTL atrophy are often used as a biomarker for cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative disease. Due to the aggregation of multiple proteinopathies in this region, the specific relationship of MTL atrophy to distinct neuropathologies is not well understood. Here, we develop two quantitative algorithms using deep learning to measure phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and TDP-43 (pTDP-43) pathology, which are both known to accumulate in the MTL and are associated with MTL neurodegeneration. We focus on these pathologies in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) and apply our deep learning algorithms to distinct histology sections, on which MTL subregions were digitally annotated. We demonstrate that both quantitative pathology measures show high agreement with expert visual ratings of pathology and discriminate well between pathology stages. In 140 cases with antemortem MR imaging, we compare the association of semi-quantitative and quantitative postmortem measures of these pathologies in the hippocampus with in vivo structural measures of the MTL and its subregions. We find widespread associations of p-tau pathology with MTL subregional structural measures, whereas pTDP-43 pathology had more limited associations with the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Quantitative measurements of p-tau pathology resulted in a significantly better model of antemortem structural measures than semi-quantitative ratings and showed strong associations with cortical thickness and volume. By providing a more granular measure of pathology, the quantitative p-tau measures also showed a significant negative association with structure in a severe AD subgroup where semi-quantitative ratings displayed a ceiling effect. Our findings demonstrate the advantages of using quantitative neuropathology to understand the relationship of pathology to structure, particularly for p-tau, and motivate the use of quantitative pathology measurements in future studies.
Corundum-quartz metastability: the role of silicon diffusion in corundum
Authors: Schultze Dina S. , Wirth Richard , Wunder Bernd , Wilke Max , Loges Anselm , Franz Gerhard
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of the Al2SiO5 polymorphs kyanite, sillimanite and andalusite in a pure Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (ASH) system has long been known to be impeded. In order to decipher individual aspects of the reaction: corundum + SiO2aq, which repeatedly fails to produce thermodynamically stable Al2SiO5, we conducted experiments within the stability fields of kyanite and sillimanite (500–800 ℃; 0.2–1 GPa) with the aim of forming reaction coronas on corundum. Results showed that metastable corundum + quartz assemblages form persistently in pure ASH, even in Al2SiO5 seeded experiments, despite the presence of catalyzing fluid and evidence of fast reaction kinetics. Coronas on corundum spontaneously formed when additional components (Na, K, N, and Mg) were added to the experiment. In a similar experiment with baddeleyite (ZrO2) instead of corundum in silica saturated water, a zircon corona formed readily. This implies that nucleation and growth of Al2SiO5 is obstructed under conditions of Al and Si saturation in aqueous fluid, while both corundum and quartz saturated aqueous fluid are willing participants in other reactions towards stable corona formation. Instead of Al2SiO5 precipitation, an unexpected fluid-aided silica diffusion process into corundum was documented. The latter included the formation of nanometer wide hydrous silicate layers along the basal plane of the corundum host, which enhanced the silica diffusion rate drastically, leading to silica supersaturation in the host mineral, and ultimately to precipitation of quartz inside corundum. We conclude that the natural metastable assemblage of quartz and corundum is not necessarily the result of dry or fluid absent conditions, given that the aqueous fluid in experiments does not promote Al2SiO5 formation, but rather seems to support the formation and preservation of a metastable assemblage.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated cranial nerves involvement: a systematic literature review on 136 patients
Authors: Pichon Samuel , Aigrain Pauline , Lacombe Charlotte , Lemarchant Bruno , Ledoult Emmanuel , Koether Vincent , Leurs Amélie , Zebian Ghadi , Launay David , Gachet Benoit , Levy Clémentine
Published: September 2024

Objective

Describe the demographic data and clinical phenotype of cranial palsy induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (CNP-ICI).

Methods

A systematic literature review of the literature was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase, including 68 articles and 136 patients (PROSPERO no. CRD42024517262).

Results

Out of the 1205 articles screened, 68 articles were included after fulfilling the inclusion criteria, for a total of 136 patients. All articles were case reports and case series. In the cohort studied, 52% of patients were treated with anti PD-1/PDL-1 therapies, 14% with anti CTLA-4 therapies, and 34% with a combination of anti CTLA-4 and anti PD-1/PDL-1 therapies. The facial nerve was the most affected cranial nerve, involved in 38% of cases, followed by the optic nerve (35%), the cochleovestibular nerve (12%), and the abducens nerve (10%). The median time from the initial immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) injection to the onset CNP-ICI was 10 weeks (IQR 4–20). Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated contrast enhancement or abnormal signal of the affected nerve in 43% of cases. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated lymphocytic pleocytosis in 59% of cases. At the onset of immune-related adverse events, 89% of patients discontinued immunotherapy, and 92% received treatment for CNP-ICI. Treatment regimens included corticosteroids in 86% of cases, intravenous immunoglobulin in 21%, and plasma exchange in 5.1%. Among the whole population, 33% achieved recovery, 52% showed clinical improvement, 16% remained stable, and 3% experienced worsening of their condition. Rechallenge with immunotherapy was significantly associated with the emergence of new immune-related Adverse Events (irAEs).

Conclusion

ICI therapy may lead to cranial nerve involvement, particularly affecting the facial nerve, typically presenting around 10 weeks after treatment initiation. While corticosteroid therapy often resulted in patient improvement, rechallenging with ICIs were associated with new irAEs.