bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacteriology
Authors: Sattley W Matthew , Madigan Michael T
Published: March 2021

Bacteriology is the study of bacteria and the archaeans microbes, single‐celled organisms that comprise two major phylogenetic domains of life: the Bacteria and Archaea. Species belonging to these domains live either an independent (free‐living) existence and play crucially important roles in the biosphere or form close symbiotic associations with higher organisms. The science of bacteriology developed from investigations of the nature of infectious disease, and medical bacteriology remains a major area of emphasis in microbiology research today. Bacteriology also played a major role in the development of molecular biology and genetics, including genetic engineering, and bacteria have traditionally been used as experimental tools for addressing seminal questions in basic biological research. More recently, bacteria have been harnessed to produce valuable commercial products and remove toxic pollutants from the environment. In contrast to multicellular organisms, Bacteria and Archaea are essential for maintaining the biosphere through biogeochemical cycling, and they are the foundation upon which all higher life on Earth is supported.

Key Concepts

The science of bacteriology is focused on Earth's tiniest living cells, the Bacteria and the Archaea.

By comparing the sequences of key genes shared by all cells, bacteriological studies have revealed the evolutionary relationships of all life on Earth.

Bacteriology is central to many subdisciplines of biology, including both environmental and medical microbiology.

Bacteriology spawned the field of molecular biology and gave birth to the genomics revolution in biology.

Industrial microbiology and biotechnology employ bacteria to make products of commercial value and rejuvenate polluted ecosystems through bioremediation.
Solidesulfovibrio
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: March 2021

So.li.de.sul.fo.vi'bri.o. L. neut. n.
solum
, soil. N.L. masc.
Desulfovibrio,
a bacterial genus; N.L. masc. n.
Solidesulfovibrio
, a
Desulfovibrio
from the soil.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae / Solidesulfovibrio

Vibrio‐ or rod‐shaped cells, 0.5–1.6 × 1.5–5.0 μm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is absent. Stain Gram‐negative. Motile by means of single polar flagellum. Strictly anaerobic, having both respiratory and fermentative types of metabolism. Chemoorganotrophs, using lactate, pyruvate, ethanol, some species also fumarate, succinate, and malate as electron donors and carbon sources; organic compounds are incompletely oxidized to acetate. All species can use various alcohols, which are oxidized to their corresponding carboxylic acids. H
2
can serve as an electron donor in the presence of acetate as an organic carbon source (chemolithoheterotrophic growth) by most species. Formate can be used in the presence of acetate by most species. Sulfate, thiosulfate, and sulfite serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Fumarate is used as electron donor or acceptor and for fermentation by a few species. In the absence of an external electron acceptor, growth may occur by fermentation of pyruvate, malate, or fumarate. Mesophilic, the optimum temperature for growth is 29–37°C. Neutrophilic, the optimum pH for growth is 6.8–8.0. NaCl is not required for growth, although some species tolerate high levels. Media containing a reductant are required for growth. Cells usually contain
c
‐type cytochromes. All species of the genus
Solidesulfovibrio
contain desulfoviridin. Occur in anoxic freshwater sediments, soil, sewage sludge plants, rice fields, and aquifers.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 57.2–67.0 (
T
m
, LC, genome).

Type species
:
Solidesulfovibrio fructosivorans
Waite et al. 2020
VP
(basonym:
Desulfovibrio fructosivorans
Ollivier et al. 1988, VL32).
Saliniramus
Authors: Cole Jessica K. , Lindemann Stephen R.
Published: March 2021

Sa.li.ni.ra'mus. N.L. masc. adj.
salinus
, salty; L. masc. n.
ramus
, a branch; N.L. masc. n.
Saliniramus
, a salt branch. The genus is a member of the family
Salinarimonadaceae
.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Hyphomicrobiales / Salinarimonadaceae / Saliniramus

The genus
Saliniramus
is home to the solitary species
Saliniramus fredricksonii,
a halophilic bacterium isolated from a unicyanobacterial consortium derived from a microbial mat inhabiting hypersaline Hot Lake. It is an obligately aerobic and heterotrophic halophile that grows in both NaCl and MgSO
4
brines. It is a moderate thermophile with a growth optimum of 45°C. Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative with a polymorphic cellular morphology of short rods with occasional branching. Cells are monotrichous and motile. The major fatty acids include C
18:1
, C
18:0
, C
16:0
, and C
18:cyc
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64.57 (genome).

Type species
:
Saliniramus fredricksonii
Cole et al. 2018
VP
.
Chirality‐Dependent Circular Photogalvanic Effect in Enantiomorphic 2D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Huang Po‐Jung , Taniguchi Kouji , Shigefuji Masato , Kobayashi Takatsugu , Matsubara Masakazu , Sasagawa Takao , Sato Hiroyasu , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: March 2021

The control of the optoelectronic properties of 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (2D‐OIHP) lead halides is an increasingly prevalent topic. Herein, the observation of the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) in new enantiomorphic 2D‐OIHP lead iodides is reported, which are synthesized as a first OIHP‐related system belonging to a chiral space group by incorporating organic chiral cations into the inorganic layers of lead iodides. The CPGE is an optoelectronic phenomenon associated with the spin–orbit coupling of heavy atoms in noncentrosymmetric systems. Owing to the CPGE, light‐helicity‐dependent steady photocurrents are generated without an external bias voltage under the irradiation of circularly polarized light. Furthermore, the sign reversal of the CPGE photocurrent depending on the chirality of the designed 2D‐OIHP lead iodides is observed. This result indicates formation of the theoretically predicted radial spin‐polarized texture in k‐space of chiral systems owing to spin‐momentum locking. Hence, chiral 2D‐OIHP lead halides can be a promising platform for engineering opto‐spintronic functionalities.
Pathogenic variants in KCNQ2 cause intellectual deficiency without epilepsy: Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of a potassium channelopathy
Authors: Mary Laura , Nourisson Elsa , Feger Claire , Laugel Vincent , Chaigne Denys , Keren Boris , Afenjar Alexandra , Billette Thierry , Trost Detlef , Cieuta‐Walti Cécile , Gerard Bénédicte , Piton Amélie , Schaefer Elise
Published: March 2021

High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) improved the molecular diagnosis in individuals with intellectual deficiency (ID) and helped to broaden the phenotype of previously known disease‐causing genes. We report herein four unrelated patients with isolated ID, carriers of a likely pathogenic variant in KCNQ2, a gene usually implicated in benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS) or early onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE). Patients were diagnosed by targeted HTS or exome sequencing. Pathogenicity of the variants was assessed by multiple in silico tools. Patients' ID ranged from mild to severe with predominance of speech disturbance and autistic features. Three of the four variants disrupted the same amino acid. Compiling all the pathogenic variants previously reported, we observed a strong overlap between variants causing EOEE, isolated ID, and BFNS and an important intra‐familial phenotypic variability, although missense variants in the voltage‐sensing domain and the pore are significantly associated to EOEE (p < 0.01, Fisher test). Thus, pathogenic variants in KCNQ2 can be associated with isolated ID. We did not highlight strong related genotype–phenotype correlations in KCNQ2‐related disorders. A second genetic hit, a burden of rare variants, or other extrinsic factors may explain such a phenotypic variability. However, it is of interest to study encephalopathy genes in non‐epileptic ID patients.
Successful covered stent‐graft treatment of superficial femoral arterial injury due to blunt trauma
Authors: Koroki Takatoshi , Kuroki Takuya , Abe Tomohiro , Furukoji Eiji , Ochiai Hidenobu
Published: March 2021

Background

Endovascular treatment is used for traumatic arterial injuries in the torso. However, the effectiveness of endovascular covered stent‐graft treatment for peripheral artery injury is unclear. We present a case of superficial femoral artery (SFA) injury successfully treated with a covered stent‐graft.

Case Report

A 68‐year‐old man presented with traumatic lower limb injury and shock. Computed tomography angiography revealed left subtrochanteric fracture and hematoma with extravasation. Digital subtraction angiography revealed extravasation from a left SFA branch, and a pseudoaneurysm at the SFA trunk. We coil embolized the SFA branch, and treated the pseudoaneurysm with a covered stent‐graft. Computed tomography carried out 22 days later showed complete pseudoaneurysm exclusion and sufficient stent patency.

Conclusion

We successfully used a covered stent‐graft to treat SFA injury due to blunt trauma. A covered stent‐graft could be effective for peripheral artery injury.
Structural diversity in substituted aminosilyl‐aminopyridinate metal (Zr or Fe) complexes: Synthesis, structures, and ethylene polymerization
Authors: Duan Xin‐E , Zhang Xiao‐Xia , Liu Tian , Bai Sheng‐Di , Tong Hongbo , Chao Jian‐Bin , Sun Wen‐Hua
Published: March 2021

Seven examples of chlorozirconium N‐[(N,N‐dimethylamino)dimethylsilyl]‐2‐pyridylaminates, mononuclear monoligand Zr[(RC5H4N)NSiMe2NMe2]Cl3LiCl(Et2O)2 (R = 4‐Me, Zr1; R = 5‐Me, Zr2; R = 5‐Cl, Zr3), chloro‐bridged dinuclear diligand [Zr{(RC5H4N)NSiMe2NMe2}Cl3]2 (R = 5‐Cl, Zr4; R = 4‐Cl, Zr5), and mononuclear triligand Zr[(RC5H4N)NSiMe2NMe2]3Cl (R = 6‐Me, Zr6; R = H, Zr7), have been prepared by the individual reactions of zirconium tetrachloride with the corresponding lithium N‐[(N,N‐dimethylamino)dimethylsilyl]‐2‐pyridylaminates of (RC5H4N)NHSiMe2NMe2 (R = 4‐Me, 1a; 5‐Me, 1b; 5‐Cl, 1c; 4‐Cl, 1d; 6‐Me, 1e; H, 1f), respectively. Besides seven coordination around zirconium core, Zr1–Zr5 adopt a distorted pentagonal bipyramid geometry with the ligand acting as a monoanionic η2:η1‐tridentate fashion; Zr6–Zr7 present capped trigonal prism geometry with the ligand as η2‐coordination with a pendant N (CH3)2 free. Extensively, the reactions of FeCl2 with lithiated (RC5H4N)NHSiMe2NMe2 (R = 4‐Me, 1a; 5‐Cl, 1c; 6‐Me, 1e) afford the corresponding dimeric complexes (R = 4‐Me, Fe1; 5‐Cl, Fe2; 6‐Me, Fe3), in which Fe1 and Fe2 exhibit C2 symmetry with each iron unit as a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, while Fe3 specially possesses a centrosymmetric hour‐glass‐shaped core with each iron center as a distorted tetrahedral geometry. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), zirconium complexes exhibit moderate to good activities toward ethylene polymerization and produce the polyethylenes with high molecular weight and broad dispersity.
Fusion imaging guided implantation of a Tricento transcatheter heart valve for severe tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Boeder Niklas F. , Bayer Matthias , Dörr Oliver , Nef Holger M.
Published: March 2021

We report the case of a 64‐year‐old patient with history of chronic kidney disease on dialysis who was repeatedly hospitalized due to hydropic decompensation. Right heart failure with secondary severe tricuspid regurgitation was diagnosed. An interventional approach was recommended due to the heavy calcification of the sinus venosus and the perioperative risk (EuroScore II 3.2%) and taking into account the explicit request of the patient. After analysis of a full‐cycle computed tomography, the patient was eligible for the implantation of the Tricento transcatheter heart valve. The custom‐made prosthesis was implanted successfully using periprocedural transoesophageal guidance supported by fusion imaging that integrates live co‐registration. After implantation of the valve prosthesis, the primary result was excellent. The patient was discharged without further complications shortly after the procedure and her status is being closely monitored.
Significant Constraints of SnO2, SnS2, and SnS2/SnO2 Heterostructures on Mitigating Polysulfide Shuttle Effects in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhao Xinqi , Sun Xiaohong , Guo Ruisong , Wang Song , Li Fuyun , Li Tingting , Wang Shuhui , Gong Cheng
Published: March 2021

Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered to be promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage devices because of high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g−1. However, LSBs have failed to be put into practical applications mainly due to their shuttle effect. SnO2 and SnS2 stand out among many metal oxides and sulfides, and are frequently applied to LSBs research given their characteristics of easy preparation and good chemical stability. In particular, SnO2 has a strong chemical adsorption effect on polysulfides through the S−Sn−O chemical bonds; SnS2 can effectively reduce the electrochemical polarization and improve the redox efficiency of polysulfides. This Minireview summarizes and evaluates the latest research progress of SnO2, SnS2, and SnO2/SnS2 heterostructures applied in LSBs including the cathode, separator, and interlayer. The three materials show excellent electrochemical performance and can serve as viable candidates for polysulfide immobilizers to deal with the shuttle effect in LSBs.
Molybdenum and Phosphorous Dual‐Doped, Transition‐Metal‐Based, Free‐Standing Electrode for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ali Usman , Sohail Kamran , Liu Yuqi , Yu Xiaodan , Xing Shuangxi
Published: March 2021

Water splitting using earth‐abundant, low‐cost, highly efficient, transition‐metal‐based electrocatalysts with high activity and stability is inevitable for sustainable energy development. Herein, a molybdenum (Mo) and phosphorous (P) co‐doped highly efficient and durable electrocatalyst is grown on nickel foam (P‐NiCo2O4/CoMoO4/NF, for simplicity G‐3) for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER, respectively). The dual doping of Mo and P prompts the formation of nanosheet array structures and modifies the surface electronic states, which subsequently enhance the active sites, facilitate the charge transfer, and accelerate the reaction kinetics. As a result, the G‐3 sample requires a low overpotential of 78.7 mV and 248.6 mV to reach a current density of 25 mA cm−2 for the HER and OER, respectively. Furthermore, a cell voltage of 1.729 V is required at 100 mA cm−2, and the catalyst demonstrates long‐term stability of 54 h for overall water splitting.
Teaching about green and sustainable chemistry already in lower secondary chemistry education? – The project “Cosmetics go green”
Authors: Linkwitz Michael , Belova Nadja , Eilks Ingo
Published: March 2021

Das Konzept der grünen Chemie ist ein wichtiger Beitrag der Chemie zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit. In Anbetracht der Notwendigkeit von mehr Nachhaltigkeitsbildung auch im Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe I beschreiben wir eine Unterrichtsreihe, die ausgewählte Aspekte der grünen Chemie bereits in der SI behandelt. Kontext dafür ist die Nachhaltigkeit des Inhaltsstoffs L‐Carvon in Kosmetikprodukten. Die Unterrichtsreihe wurde bisher im Wahlpflichtunterricht der Jahrgänge 8 und 9 erprobt, evaluiert und im Rahmen Partizipativer Aktionsforschung optimiert.
Coronary revascularization outcomes in relation to skilled nursing facility use following hospital discharge
Authors: Savitz Samuel T. , Falk Kristine , Stearns Sally C. , Grove Lexie , Rossi Joseph
Published: March 2021

Background

Observational analyses comparing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among elderly or frail patients are likely biased by treatment selection. PCI is typically chosen for frail patients, while CABG is more common for patients with good recovery potential.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that skilled nursing facility (SNF) use after revascularization is a measure of relative frailty associated with outcomes following coronary revascularization.

Methods

We used a 20 percent sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older who received inpatient PCI or CABG between 2007–2014. Key explanatory variables were the revascularization strategy and SNF use after revascularization. We used Cox regression to evaluate death and repeat revascularization within one year and logistic regression to evaluate SNF use and 30‐day readmissions/death.

Results

CABG patients were 25.1 percentage points [95% confidence interval: 24.7, 25.5] more likely to use SNF following revascularization than inpatient PCI patients. SNF use was associated with a higher death rate (hazard ratio (HR): 3.19 [3.02, 3.37]) and a 16.2 percentage point (15.5, 16.9) increase in 30‐day readmissions/death. Among patients with SNF use, CABG was associated with a decrease in 30‐day readmissions/death compared to PCI.

Conclusions

While CABG was associated with higher rates of SNF use and 30‐day readmission/death overall, CABG was associated with significantly lower rates of 30‐day readmissions/death among patients with SNF use. The findings suggest that caution is needed in treatment selection for patients at high‐risk for SNF use and that selection of inpatient PCI over CABG may be associated with frailty and worse outcomes for some patients.
Cytoskeletal prestress: The cellular hallmark in mechanobiology and mechanomedicine
Authors: Chowdhury Farhan , Huang Bo , Wang Ning
Published: March 2021

Increasing evidence demonstrates that mechanical forces, in addition to soluble molecules, impact cell and tissue functions in physiology and diseases. How living cells integrate mechanical signals to perform appropriate biological functions is an area of intense investigation. Here, we review the evidence of the central role of cytoskeletal prestress in mechanotransduction and mechanobiology. Elevating cytoskeletal prestress increases cell stiffness and reinforces cell stiffening, facilitates long‐range cytoplasmic mechanotransduction via integrins, enables direct chromatin stretching and rapid gene expression, spurs embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, and boosts immune cell activation and killing of tumor cells whereas lowering cytoskeletal prestress maintains embryonic stem cell pluripotency, promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of stem cell‐like malignant tumor‐repopulating cells, and elevates drug delivery efficiency of soft‐tumor‐cell‐derived microparticles. The overwhelming evidence suggests that the cytoskeletal prestress is the governing principle and the cellular hallmark in mechanobiology. The application of mechanobiology to medicine (mechanomedicine) is rapidly emerging and may help advance human health and improve diagnostics, treatment, and therapeutics of diseases.
Discovery of Antimetastatic Chiral Ionone Alkaloid Derivatives Targeting HIF‐1α/VEGF/VEGFR2 Pathway
Authors: Liu Jing‐Jing , Liu Xin‐Yao , Nie Jiang‐Ping , Jia Mei‐Qi , Yu Yang , Qin Nan , Duan Hong‐Quan
Published: March 2021

Novel chiral ionone alkaloid derivatives were synthesized and their antimetastatic effects were evaluated in human breast cancer cells using chemotaxis assay. Compared with positive control LY294002, a PI3 K inhibitor, derivatives 10 a, 11 a, 11 c, 11 g, 11 j, 11 k and 11 w exhibited significant inhibitory effects against cancer cell migration. Especially, the IC50 for compound 11 g was as low as 0.035±0.004 μM. Further investigations on compound 11 g revealed that it could exert inhibitory effects on the adhesion, migration and invasion of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. The mechanisms for the antitumor metastatic effects of 11 g might be through the inhibition of HIF‐1α/VEGF/VEGFR2/Akt pathway, which suppressed the downstream signaling molecules, including Akt1/mTOR/p70S6K and Akt2/PKCζ/integrin β1 pathways. Taken together, chiral ionone alkaloid derivative 11 g has the potential to be developed into an antitumor metastatic agent for breast cancer.
Does CIECAM02 color appearance model work well for fluorescent samples?
Authors: Shahbaznejad Soroush , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein
Published: March 2021

In this work, the validity of a chosen color appearance model, CIECAM02 is examined for perceived lightness and brightness of fluorescent samples against some near achromatic backgrounds. To this end, the visual assessment technique and the paired comparison method have been conducted and the results are compared to those obtained by CIECAM02 color appearance model. Opposed to the initial expectation, the results show that the CIECAM02 is not an adequate model for prediction of lightness and brightness of fluorescent samples over a set of gray backgrounds.
Finite Element Simulation of Temperature Distribution in Growth Chamber for Verneuil‐Grown SrTiO3 Crystal
Authors: Liu Xudong , Wang Lei , Yan Huiyun , Bi Xiaoguo , Sun Xudong
Published: March 2021

The work demonstrates combustion characteristics in growth chamber for Verneuil‐grown SrTiO3 crystal with two‐tube burner. Finite element (FE) simulation is performed to analyze the temperature distribution and its influencing factors. The central oxygen flows outward along the radial direction and reacts to hydrogen surrounding crystal, and the best ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is 2.5. The ratio less than 2.5 leads to increasing the center temperature of molten cap and greater than 2.5 leads to increasing the temperature around the molten cap, which probably causes the overflow problem. The surface temperature of molten cap increases first and then decreases gradually with the decreasing nozzle aperture of oxygen. The best diameter of nozzle aperture of oxygen is 4.5 mm. The surface temperature of molten cap is mainly related to the diameter of oxygen nozzle and the flow rate of oxygen. This work opens the stable growth process and the possibility for the industrial growth of large high quality SrTiO3 single crystals.
Handling of Multiple‐Wave Effects in the Measurement of Forbidden X‐Ray Reflections in TeO2
Authors: Kozlovskaya Ksenia A. , Kulikov Anton G. , Novikov Dmitri , Ovchinnikova Elena N. , Ustyugov Alexey M. , Dmitrienko Vladimir E.
Published: March 2021

Multiple‐wave X‐ray reflections usually aggravate the measurement of Bragg reflections, especially of weak “forbidden” reflections. Accurate analysis of multiple‐wave peaks usually allows to avoid this. However, multiple‐wave reflections can also provide information about crystal structure, since crystal cell parameters determine the positions of multi‐wave peaks. The forbidden reflections 002 and 100 in paratellurite are measured and an approach based on semi‐kinematical X‐ray scattering used to handle the multiple‐wave interferences is shown here.
Synthesis of MoS2 Layers on GaN Using Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate for Heterojunction Device Applications
Authors: Desai Pradeep , Todankar Bhagyashri , Ranade Ajinkya K. , Kondo Masaharu , Dewa Takehisa , Tanemura Masaki , Kalita Golap
Published: March 2021

2D materials such as molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) integrated with conventional semiconductors lead to the fabrication of novel heterojunctions with pivotal electrical and optoelectronic properties. Herein, an approach is reported which addresses the growth of MoS2 crystals on the lattice‐matched Ga–polar gallium nitride (GaN) wafer using ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM) as a precursor in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, instead of using the molybdenum‐oxide‐based precursors. Unidirectional triangular MoS2 crystals and continuous film are obtained on the free‐standing Ga–polar GaN substrate. Further, the interface quality of the as‐synthesized MoS2 crystals and GaN wafer is explored by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is observed that a good quality interface can be obtained by using the ammonia‐containing ATM precursor, where the surface oxygen at the interface is significantly less. A heterojunction device is fabricated with the synthesized MoS2 layer on GaN, showing excellent rectifying diode characteristics and a photovoltaic action with light illumination. This study reveals the suitability of the ammonia‐containing ATM precursor for the growth of MoS2 crystals on GaN in the CVD process to obtain a suitable heterostructure for device applications.
Enhancing oleic acid content in two commercially released peanut varieties through marker‐assisted backcross breeding
Authors: Jadhav Mangesh Pralhad , Patil Malagouda D. , Hampannavar Mahesh , Venkatesh  , Dattatreya Pavana , Shirasawa Kenta , Pasupuleti Janila , Pandey Manish K. , Varshney Rajeev K. , Bhat Ramesh S.
Published: March 2021

Two elite cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), GPBD 4 and G 2–52, with high productivity, oil content, resistance to late leaf spot [Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. & Curt) V. Arx.] (LLS) and rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) diseases were improved for oleic acid content using marker‐assisted backcrossing. Since both the recurrent parents already possessed the mutant allele at AhFAD2A, only mutant allele at AhFAD2B was transferred from the donor ‘SunOleic 95R’ (oleate of 80.6%). Three rounds of backcrossing with foreground selection using allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Kompetitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) assay identified a large number of plants homozygous for the mutant allele at AhFAD2B in BCnF2 generations. Evaluation of the advanced generations could identify six and 10 lines with significantly higher oleate than GPBD 4 and G 2–52, respectively. Considering the yield, shelling percentage, oil, and oleate content, the most promising lines HOBC2GPS_7 and HOBC2G2S_5 were selected with 112 and 142% oleate recovery over GPBD 4 and G 2–52, respectively. Double digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing of these superior lines showed background genome recovery of 77.5 and 69.0%, respectively. These advanced breeding lines with high oleate (∼80%), resistance to LLS and rust and high productivity are under further trials for possible release as varieties for commercial cultivation.
Area Oversizing of Lithium Metal Electrodes in Solid‐State Batteries: Relevance for Overvoltage and thus Performance?
Authors: Stolz Lukas , Homann Gerrit , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes
Published: March 2021

Systematic and systemic research and development of solid electrolytes for lithium batteries requires a reliable and reproducible benchmark cell system. Therefore, factors relevant for performance, such as temperature, voltage operation range, or specific current, should be defined and reported. However, performance can also be sensitive to apparently inconspicuous and overlooked factors, such as area oversizing of the lithium electrode and the solid electrolyte membrane (relative to the cathode area). In this study, area oversizing is found to diminish polarization and improves the performance in LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622)||Li cells, with a more pronounced effect under kinetically harsh conditions (e. g., low temperature and/or high current density). For validity reasons, the polarization behavior is also investigated in Li||Li symmetric cells. Given the mathematical conformity of the characteristic overvoltage behavior with the Sand's equation, the beneficial effect is attributed to lower depletion of Li ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In this regard, the highest possible effect of area oversizing on the performance is discussed, that is when the accompanied decrease in current density and overvoltage overcomes the Sand's threshold limit. This scenario entirely prevents the capacity decay attributable to Li+ depletion and is in line with the mathematically predicted values.
Accuracy of imprint cytology and frozen section histology for intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian epithelial tumors: A comparative study and proposed algorithm
Authors: Nomura Nozomi , Sugiyama Tomoko , Tajiri Takuma , Fujita Hirotaka , Hiraiwa Shinichiro , Toguchi Suguru , Machida Tomohisa , Itoh Hitoshi , Kajiwara Hiroshi , Muramatsu Toshinari , Nakamura Naoya
Published: March 2021

Background

Appropriate surgical treatment of epithelial ovarian tumors is reliant on intraoperative diagnosis. A retrospective study to compare the diagnostic accuracies of imprint cytology (IC) with frozen section histology (FSH) in these tumors was performed.

Methods

About 78 cases of IC‐based and FSH‐based diagnoses against the final histopathologic diagnoses in terms of both histologic subtype (serous, mucinous, endometrioid, or clear cell tumor) and behavioral type (benign, borderline, or malignant) were compared. The cytomorphologic features of the tumor cells (nuclear atypia, papillary clusters, adenoma cells, and necrosis) in relation to behavioral types were also evaluated.

Results

While the diagnostic accuracy of IC and FSH were similar with respect to behavioral type (87% and 88%, respectively), the diagnostic accuracy of IC was superior to that of FSH with respect to histologic subtype (83% and 74%, respectively). Among histopathologically confirmed malignant tumors, the diagnostic accuracy of IC (62/64; 97%) was superior to that of FSH (58/64; 91%). The presence of necrosis and absence of adenoma cells were significantly more prevalent among malignant group than among borderline and benign groups (P < .01, for both).

Conclusion

Since the presence of necrosis and absence of adenoma cells around the carcinoma cells appear useful in distinguishing malignant and borderline tumors, it was proposed to include IC for further intraoperative assessment of any tumors initially diagnosed as a borderline tumor by FSH.
Optimal transportation theory for species interaction networks
Authors: Stock Michiel , Poisot Timothée , De Baets Bernard
Published: March 2021

Observed biotic interactions between species, such as in pollination, predation, and competition, are determined by combinations of population densities, matching in functional traits and phenology among the organisms, and stochastic events (neutral effects).

We propose optimal transportation theory as a unified view for modeling species interaction networks with different intensities of interactions. We pose the coupling of two distributions as a constrained optimization problem, maximizing both the system's average utility and its global entropy, that is, randomness. Our model follows naturally from applying the MaxEnt principle to this problem setting.

This approach allows for simulating changes in species relative densities as well as to disentangle the impact of trait matching and neutral forces.

We provide a framework for estimating the pairwise species utilities from data. Experimentally, we show how to use this framework to perform trait matching and predict the coupling in pollination and host–parasite networks.
Podcasting as a tool to take conservation education online
Authors: Strickland Bronson K. , Brooke Jarred M. , Zischke Mitchell T. , Lashley Marcus A.
Published: March 2021

Traditional forms of higher learning include teaching in the classroom on college campuses and in‐person adult‐focused public outreach events for non‐students. Online college degree programs and public outreach platforms have been steadily emerging, and the COVID‐19 pandemic has, at least temporarily, forced all related ecology and evolutionary biology programs to move to online delivery. Podcasting is a form of online mass communication that is rapidly gaining popularity and has the flexibility to be incorporated into the pedagogical toolbox for the online classroom and remote public outreach programming. Podcasting is also becoming more popular in the ecology and evolutionary biology field. Here, we describe the great potential of podcasting to transform the learning experience, present a case study of success from the United States, provide a table of podcast recommended by ecologist responding to a listserv, and provide a road map for adoption and utilization of podcasting for the future.
Seismic fragility analysis based on artificial ground motions and surrogate modeling of validated structural simulators
Authors: Abbiati Giuseppe , Broccardo Marco , Abdallah Imad , Marelli Stefano , Paolacci Fabrizio
Published: March 2021

This study introduces a computational framework for efficient and accurate seismic fragility analysis based on a combination of artificial ground motion modeling, polynomial‐chaos‐based global sensitivity analysis, and hierarchical kriging surrogate modeling. The framework follows the philosophy of the Performance‐Based Earthquake Engineering PEER approach, where the fragility analysis is decoupled from hazard analysis. This study addresses three criticalities that are present in the current practice. Namely, reduced size of hazard‐consistent size‐specific ensembles of seismic records, validation of structural simulators against large‐scale experiments, high computational cost for accurate fragility estimates. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated for the Rio Torto Bridge, recently tested using hybrid simulation within the RETRO project.
Sediment deposition (1940–2017) in a historically pristine lake in a rapidly developing tropical highland region in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebedew Mebrahtom G. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Belete Mulugeta A. , Zimale Fasikaw A. , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: March 2021

Accelerated sediment concentration has become a pervasive feature in developing countries and has substantially impacted lake ecosystem functioning. Despite this, very few comprehensive studies have examined the changes in sedimentation over the time that agriculture intensified greatly with the increasing population. This study aims to fill this gap using historical and recent bathymetric surveys to determine sediment deposition and link these to watershed development. With its unique ecology, Lake Tana that was pristine less than 100 years ago, is one of these systems experiencing increasing sediment concentrations. A detailed bathymetric survey was conducted in late 2017 and compared with bathymetric surveys conducted in 1940, 1987, and 2006. The result shows that in the past 77 years, Lake Tana's depth decreased an average of 28 ± 11 cm, equivalent to nearly 0.9 ± 0.4 Tg (million tons). Sediment deposition was 2.8 ± 2.3 mm a−1 between 1940 and 1987, when the agricultural intensification started. It almost doubled to 5.0 ± 3.7 mm a−1 after that. Spatially, the sediment deposition was most significant in areas near the major river inlets where 2 to 10 km long peninsulas were formed. The increase in sediment deposition is primarily driven by newly formed valley bottom gullies formed after deforestation disturbed the hydrological equilibrium, and watershed outflow increased.
lncRNA MAGI2‐AS3 overexpression had antitumor effect on Hepatic cancer via miRNA‐23a‐3p/PTEN axis
Authors: Liu Fei , Deng Wenwen , Wan Zhenda , Xu Dajin , Chen Jun , Yang Xin , Xu Jianhua
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of MAGI2‐AS3 and its mechanism in liver cancer. Cancer tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues were collected, and lncRNAs were analyzed via chip assay. The correlation between MAGEI2‐AS3 and patient pathology and prognosis was then analyzed. Bel‐7402 and Huh‐7 cell lines were also used in our study. For the in vitro study, MTT assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and wound healing assay were conducted to evaluate hepatic cancer cell (Bel‐7402 and Huh‐7) proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration. The relative mechanisms were evaluated by Western blot (WB) and cellular immunofluorescence. The correlation among MAGI2‐AS3, miRNA‐23a‐3p, and PTEN was determined by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The expression of lncRNA MAGI2‐AS3 was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues. MAGI2‐AS3 expression was closely correlation with HCC patient's clinicopathology and prognosis and prognosis. In the cell experiment, compared with the negative control (NC) group, MAGI2‐AS3 overexpression reduced cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and increased cell apoptosis in Bel‐7402 and Huh‐7 cell lines. However, when Bel‐7402 and Huh‐7 cells were transfected with miRNA‐23a‐3p, their biological activities (proliferation, invasion, and migration) were significantly increased. Through WB assay, MAGI2‐AS3 could increase PTEN and depress p‐AKT and MMP‐9 protein expressions via miRNA‐23a‐3p suppression. The dual‐luciferase reporter assay revealed that MAGI2‐AS3 directly targeted miRNA‐23a‐3p and that miRNA‐23a‐3p could target PTEN. MAGI2‐AS3 might be a potential therapeutic target for liver cancer owing to its regulation by the miRNA‐23a‐3p/PTEN axis.
Simulation of river flow in Britain under climate change: Baseline performance and future seasonal changes
Authors: Kay Alison L.
Published: March 2021

Climate change is likely to manifest in river flow changes across the globe, which could have wide‐ranging consequences for society and the natural environment. A number of previous studies used the UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) to investigate the potential impacts on river flows in Britain, but these projections were recently updated by the release of UKCP18, thus there is a need to update flow studies. Here, the UKCP18 Regional (12 km) projections are applied using a national‐scale grid‐based hydrological model, to investigate potential future changes in seasonal mean river flows across Great Britain. Analysis of hydrological model performance using baseline climate model data (1980–2010) shows relatively good agreement with use of observation‐based data, particularly after application of a monthly precipitation bias‐correction. Analysis of seasonal mean flow changes for two future time‐slices (2020–2050 and 2050–2080) suggests large decreases in summer flows across the country (median −45% by 2050–2080), but possible increases in winter flows (median 9% by 2050–2080), especially in the north and west. Information on the potential range of flow changes using the latest projections is necessary to develop appropriate adaptation strategies, and comparisons with previous projections can help update existing plans, although such comparisons are often not straightforward.
The buffering role of paternal parenting stress in the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour
Authors: Trumello Carmen , Babore Alessandra , Cofini Marika , Baiocco Roberto , Chirumbolo Antonio , Morelli Mara
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed at exploring the relationship between parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour in the families of 99 children aged 8–11 years. Parenting stress was assessed by parents, using the Parenting Stress Index, and children's problematic behaviour was assessed by teachers, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A moderation regression analysis showed a conditioning effect of paternal parenting stress in the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour. In the presence of high levels of paternal parenting stress, the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour was significant and strong (p = .01). When paternal parenting stress levels were low, the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour was not significant (p = .49). The results underlined that paternal parenting stress may buffer the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour. Clinical implications are discussed.
Effect of surface topography on in vitro osteoblast function and mechanical performance of 3D printed titanium
Authors: Abar Bijan , Kelly Cambre , Pham Anh , Allen Nicholas , Barber Helena , Kelly Alexander , Mirando Anthony J. , Hilton Matthew J. , Gall Ken , Adams Samuel B.
Published: March 2021

Critical‐sized defects remain a significant challenge in orthopaedics. 3D printed scaffolds are a promising treatment but are still limited due to inconsistent osseous integration. The goal of the study is to understand how changing the surface roughness of 3D printed titanium either by surface treatment or artificially printing rough topography impacts the mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed titanium. Titanium tensile samples and discs were printed via laser powder bed fusion. Roughness was manipulated by post‐processing printed samples or by directly printing rough features. Experimental groups in order of increasing surface roughness were Polished, Blasted, As Built, Sprouts, and Rough Sprouts. Tensile behavior of samples showed reduced strength with increasing surface roughness. MC3T3 pre‐osteoblasts were seeded on discs and analyzed for cellular proliferation, differentiation, and matrix deposition at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. Printing roughness diminished mechanical properties such as tensile strength and ductility without clear benefit to cell growth. Roughness features were printed on mesoscale, unlike samples in literature in which roughness on microscale demonstrated an increase in cell activity. The data suggest that printing artificial roughness on titanium scaffold is not an effective strategy to promote osseous integration.
Zerumin A attenuates the inflammatory responses in LPS‐stimulated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts
Authors: Shyni G. L. , Renjitha J. , B. Somappa Sasidhar , Raghu K. G.
Published: March 2021

Zerumin A (ZA) is one of the potential components of Curcuma amada rhizomes, and it has been shown to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. This study deals with the beneficial activity of ZA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated inflammation in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Herein, H9c2 cells were preincubated with ZA for 1 h and stimulated with LPS for 24 h. The cells were analyzed for the expression of various pro‐inflammatory mediators and signaling molecules. Results showed that the cell viability was significantly improved and reactive oxygen species production was alleviated remarkably with ZA pretreatment. We also found that ZA pretreatment significantly suppressed the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) protein levels, and nitric oxide (NO) release in LPS‐stimulated cells. In addition, ZA significantly ameliorated LPS‐elicited overexpression of pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐ α), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) in H9c2 cells, and it upregulated the synthesis of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10). Moreover, pretreatment with ZA and the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway inhibitors also reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK), and p38. ZA significantly inhibited IkB‐a phosphorylation and nuclear factor (NF)‐kB p65 subunit translocation into nuclei. Overall data demonstrated that ZA protects cardiomyocytes against LPS injury by inhibiting NF‐kB p65 activation via the MAPK signaling pathway in vitro. These findings suggest that ZA may be a promising agent for a detailed study for the prevention or treatment of myocardial dysfunction in sepsis.
To Partition or Not to Partition: Role of Trade‐in Price on Consumer Evaluations of Purchases Involving Trade‐Ins
Authors: Kim Tom Joonhwan , Srivastava Joydeep
Published: March 2021

Many new purchases involve consumers trading in their old product at the same time, requiring them to assume the dual role of a buyer and a seller in the overall exchange. This research examines how framing the overall exchange as a partitioned transaction with separate prices for the new purchase and the trade‐in, or a consolidated transaction with a single net price after accounting for the trade‐in price, affects consumer preferences. We find that consumers prefer a partitioned (consolidated) transaction when the relative trade‐in price is high (low). Unlike previous explanations based on heuristic processing and differential importance of the trade‐in price, our reasoning is that partitioning (vs. consolidating) prices makes salient and enables evaluability of the trade‐in price. In the absence of specific referents, consumers rely on the new purchase price to evaluate the merits of the trade‐in price. Consistent with our reasoning, we identify boundary conditions for the findings. The presence of a favorable referent for the trade‐in and whether the new purchase and the trade‐in are (perceived to be) in the same product category attenuate the reliance on the new purchase price as a referent. Our findings have important theoretical and managerial implications.
Medical emergencies in the dental school setting
Authors: Sorenson Adam D. , Marusko Robert M. , Kennedy Kelly S.
Published: March 2021

Purpose/Objectives

An aging population with an increasing chronic disease burden may make management of medical emergencies in dental practice more common. Previous research has differed significantly in the reported frequency of medical emergencies in a dental setting, often relying on survey‐based protocols. This study examines the incidence and type of emergencies encountered in a dental school setting. Additional examination of contributing medical co‐morbidities is provided.

Methods

A retrospective study was designed to review 121 incident reports at the Ohio State University College of Dentistry (OSU CoD) from July 1, 2013 to January 24, 2019. Sixty‐five of the recorded events were classified as medical emergencies and were further analyzed.

Results

The most common emergency encountered was syncope, followed by cardiac events, seizures, and diabetic complications. Emergencies most commonly occurred in the pre‐doctoral general dentistry clinics. Many of the affected patients had no significant medical history.

Conclusion

Identifying emergencies most encountered by dentists is critical for process improvement, awareness, and targeted educational initiatives. This may reduce the frequency of medical emergencies in dental practices and allow for more efficient management should they occur.
Community partnerships within a novel dental school urgent care center: Student perceptions
Authors: Crivello Brandon J. , Whitworth B. Clifton , Pazdernik Vanessa K. , Singh Ishwpriya , Freihofer James M. , Davis Joan M.
Published: March 2021

Purpose/Objectives

Oral health inequities and limited access to care cause patients to seek dental treatment in hospital emergency departments. In addition, conventional clinic models and curricular limitations may result in inadequate experiences for students learning urgent dental care. The aim of the current study was to investigate student perceptions of a novel dental school urgent care clinic model.

Methods

A mixed‐methods, cross‐sectional study design was used to survey third‐year and fourth‐year students at a Midwest dental school in spring 2020 about their experiences providing patient care in the school's internal urgent care center. Along with a structured curriculum, the urgent care clinic model incorporates an on‐site partnership with a community health center and a hospital emergency department affiliation that serves as a referral base to provide students with their learning experiences.

Results

Of 81 students, 78 completed the survey (96% response rate). The majority of students treated 50 or more patients. From their urgent care experiences, a majority of students felt prepared to manage patients with acute dental pain and swelling (72/77, 94%), and reported a better understanding of interprofessional collaborations in dentistry (42/77, 55%) and the importance of providing urgent dental care to underserved patients (72/77, 94%). Most students (64/75, 85%) were more likely to offer urgent dental care services to underserved populations in future practice.

Conclusion

This collaborative school‐based urgent care clinic model incorporating community partnerships provided transformative learning experiences, positively impacted student perceptions of their learning, and influenced future practice behaviors related to urgent dental care.