bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase Stabilized MOCVD Growth of β‐Ga2O3 Using SiOx on c‐Plane Sapphire and AlN/Sapphire Template
Authors: Jewel Mohi Uddin , Hasan Samiul , Crittenden Scott R. , Avrutin Vitaliy , Özgür Ümit , Morkoç Hadis , Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: March 2023

The growth of monoclinic phase‐pure gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) layers by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition on c‐plane sapphire and aluminum nitride (AlN) templates using silicon‐oxygen bonding (SiOx) as a phase stabilizer is reported. The β‐Ga2O3 layers are grown using triethylgallium, oxygen, and silane for gallium, oxygen, and silicon precursors, respectively, at 700 °C, with and without silane flow in the process. The samples grown on sapphire with SiOx phase stabilization show a notable change from samples without phase stabilization in the roughness and resistivity, from 16.2 to 4.2 nm and from 85.82 to 135.64 Ω cm, respectively. X‐ray diffraction reveals a pure‐monoclinic phase, and Raman spatial mapping exhibits higher tensile strain in the films in the presence of SiOx. The β‐Ga2O3 layers grown on an AlN template, using the same processes as for sapphire, show an excellent epitaxial relationship between β‐Ga2O3 and AlN and have a significant change in β‐Ga2O3 surface morphology.
Prognosis in Hispanic patient population with pulmonary arterial hypertension: An application of common risk stratification models
Authors: Fadah Kahtan , Cruz Rodriguez Jose B. , Alkhateeb Haider , Mukherjee Debabrata , Garcia Hernando , Schuller Dan , Mohammad Khan O. , Sahay Sandeep , Nickel Nils P.
Published: March 2023

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a cardiovascular disease with high mortality rate. Current guidelines propose initiation and escalation of PAH‐targeted treatment based on a goal‐directed approach targeting hemodynamic, functional, and biochemical variables. This approach has been successfully validated in large Caucasian cohorts. However, given the low number of Hispanic patients enrolled in large PAH trials and registries, it is unknown if the same prognostic tools can be applied to this patient population. We analyzed a single‐center outpatient cohort that consisted of 135 Hispanic patients diagnosed with PAH. Baseline characteristics were calculated based on COMPERA, COMPERA 2.0 and REVEAL 2.0 risk scores before the initiation of PAH‐targeted therapies. The survival rate at 1 year after diagnosis was 88% for the entire cohort. The three established risk scores to predict PAH outcomes yielded similar results with reasonable discrimination of mortality in the different risk strata (all p < 0.001). Hispanic patients with PAH have a high mortality rate. Our analysis suggests that guideline proposed risk assessment at baseline yields important prognostic information in this patient population.
Good governance: Concept, basics, and relationship to sustainable development from a Palestinian perspective
Authors: Haifa Abu Alrob , Zineb Ouazzani Touhami , Ziad Qannam
Published: March 2023

The study adopts the historical approach with a view to tracking the history, causes and important characteristics of the concept of good governance and its interrelationship with sustainable development in the Palestinian context. The study reveals that Palestinian society is considered an exception and in a great need for good governance as a result of Israel's occupation, administrative and financial corruption inherited among staff, and the Palestinians' dependence on foreign aid. It also reveals significant Palestinian efforts in the area of good governance, manifested in the signing of the convention against corruption, the establishment of the anti‐corruption commission and the office of financial and administrative oversight. The results also showed that the adoption of good governance at the Palestinian level will contribute to improving the quality of life and improved relations with donor countries, improved investment environment and access to international aid and empowering marginalized groups to access their rights, and preparing Palestinians for a more realistic development role in the future community and institutional awareness and willingness to change, based on the information available at the appropriate time and place and complementary participatory relationships between different sectors, institutions and society, and everyone's participation in decision‐making law‐making, policymaking, resource protection, strategic decision‐making and social peace. Accordingly, the study recommends that good governance should be applied as a Palestinian priority and that researchers should provide good governance indicators appropriate to Palestinian realities.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐4H‐ furo[2,3‐d]pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones and furo[2,3‐d]pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one
Authors: Yalduz Sümeyye , Yilmaz Mehmet
Published: March 2023

Kocaeli University, Kabaoğlu, 41380, In this work, furo[2,3‐d]pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones were obtained by microwave assisted radical cyclizations of 2‐hydroxy‐4H‐pirido[1,2‐a]pirimidin‐4‐ones with conjugated alkenes and phenylacetylene via Mn(OAc)3. Conventional heating and microwave irradiated reaction types were compared using parameters like temperature, time and molar ratios to determine best reaction condition. Obtained compounds were purified by chromatographic methods and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, FTIR). Also, to determine the exact configuration and regioselectivity of isolated compounds, XRD analysis were performed.
Enhanced Resistance to Pb Poisoning of the Co‐modified Mn/Fe‐pillared Clay Catalysts for NH3‐SCR at Low Temperatures
Authors: Wang Xinpeng , Ye Qing , Liu Wenyi , Meng Fanwei , Yang Fan , Zhang Xin , Dai Hongxing
Published: March 2023

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal commonly found in industrial exhaust gases, which can reduce catalytic activity of a catalyst for the NH3‐SCR reaction. In this study, 4.0 wt% Mn‐loaded Fe‐pillared interlayer clay (4Mn/Fe‐PILC) and its Co‐modified catalyst (2Co‐4Mn/Fe‐PILC) were prepared, in the meanwhile the 4Mn/Fe‐PILC‐Pb and 2Co‐4Mn/Fe‐PILC‐Pb samples were also obtained using the impregnation method with a Pb(CH3COO)2 aqueous solution. It was found that the addition of 2.0 wt% cobalt could significantly enhance Pb resistance of the 4Mn/Fe‐PILC catalyst. The characterization results revealed that the doping of Co to Mn/Fe‐PILC increased the surface Mn4+ species concentration, reducibility, and acid site amount, thereby improving Pb resistance of the catalyst. Furthermore, the in situ DRIFTS results demonstrated that Co modification enhanced the adsorption capacity of NH3 or NO, especially influenced formation of the NH3 intermediates and bridging nitrate species, which were also conducive to the improvement in Pb resistance of the catalyst.
Label‐Free Fluorescence Turn‐On Detection of Histidine‐Tagged Proteins Based on Intramolecular Rigidification Induced Emission
Authors: Pu Chibin , Huang Zhongxi , Huang Lihua , Shen Qian , Yu Changmin
Published: March 2023

Histidine tag (His‐tag) is a representative epitope tag, which has been widely used in the purification or immobilization of recombinant proteins. In this study, a novel probeCTPE‐IDA‐Ni2+based on intramolecular rigidification induced emission for fluorescence detecting His‐tagged proteins is successfully developed and experimentally demonstrated. This detecting system is based on TPE derivative incorporated IDA‐Ni2+moiety for real‐time detection of His‐tagged proteins. In the presence of His‐tagged proteins, the IDA‐Ni2+‐His‐tag complex was formed, which restricted the rotation of two phenyl rings linked with TPE and subsequently resulting in the fluorescence turn on. Results have shown that our probe could directly detect His‐tagged proteins with good selectivity and fast response within 10 min. In addition, we have proved that this system could be used in fluorescent labeling of His‐tagged protein instead of traditional Western blot assay with simple procedure, high quality and low background interference, as well as without aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) problems like some organic dyes.
Synthesis, DFT Calculations, and Molecular Docking Study of Acetohydrazide‐Based Sulfonamide Derivatives as Paraoxonase 1 Inhibitors
Authors: Arslan Gülnur , Gökçe Başak , Muhammed Muhammed Tilahun , Albayrak Özlem , Önkol Tijen , Özçelik Azime Berna
Published: March 2023

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an esterase linked to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), is known to have strong antioxidant and anti‐cardiovascular properties. In this study, eleven acetohydrazide‐based sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized. All compounds were characterized by appropriate spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. To better understand the inhibitory properties of the new sulfonamide derivatives, theirin vitroeffects on purified PON1 enzyme activity were studied. For this purpose, PON1 was purified from human serum using simple chromatographic methods. In the experimental study, the novel compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of paraoxonase 1. The mode of binding to the enzyme, for the relatively active compounds, was investigated through molecular docking. The most active compound N′‐(naphthalen‐2‐ylsulfonyl)‐2‐(2‐oxo‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐3(2H)‐yl)acetohydrazide demonstrated the highest interaction with the enzyme. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of these compounds were assessed through DFT (density functional theory) analysis. N′‐(naphthalen‐2‐ylsulfonyl)‐2‐(2‐oxo‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐3(2H)‐yl)acetohydrazide is anticipated to have the highest potential to take part in electron exchanges whereas N′‐[(4‐fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]‐2‐(2‐oxo‐1,3‐benzoxazol‐3(2H)‐yl)acetohydrazide is expected to have the highest chemical stability.
Growth of La‐Doped ZnO Thin Films on a Porous Silicon Substrate for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Atyaoui Malek , Hamouda Faten , Ezzaouia Hatem
Published: March 2023

The aim of this work was to improve photo‐catalytic activities of zinc oxide thin films for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) using a new approach based on the combined effect of lanthanum doping and porous substrate of silicon (Psi). Therefore, undoped and lanthanum‐doped zinc oxide thin films (ZnO : La) were deposited on porous silicon substrate (PSi) by spin coating chemical deposition. Studies of the photo‐catalytic activity showed that the La (25 %)‐doped ZnO layer exhibited an improved photocatalytic performance in the degradation of methyl orange. Around 91.53 % and 70 % of the MO degradation was achieved within 180 min under illumination with UV and visible light respectively, suggesting that La‐doped ZnO films deposited on Psi substrate are favorable candidates to enhance the photo‐degradation of methyl orange.
Extending the Library of 4‐Hydroxycoumarin Derivatives with Potential Pharmacological Activity by a Catalyst‐Free and Purification‐Free Method
Authors: Rey Apostol Romal John , Kee Ong Say
Published: March 2023

Constant mutations of SARS‐CoV‐2 from 2019 to the present commences potential dilemma to the efficacy of developed COVID‐19 antiviral drugs. In this current report, series of 3‐phenyl(alkylamino)methyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarin was identified as compounds of drug‐likeliness that, through molecular docking simulations, also demonstrated favourable binding to different sites of the SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD/hACE2 complex. This was achieved by varying the chain of the alkyl length and the substituent of the phenyl moiety. The subjected 3‐phenyl(alkylamino)methyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarin compounds were successfully synthesized by a catalyst‐free multicomponent condensation reaction of 4‐hydroxycoumarin, p‐substituted benzaldehyde, and linear alkyl amines in dichloromethane (DCM) at 22 °C. The crude products were achieved in a moderate (40–50 %) to a very good (80–90 %) yield with excellent purity without the need for chemical purification verified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The simple method to produce 3‐phenyl(alkylamino)methyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarin and the preliminary docking results present an opportunity for advancement in drug discovery.
Ageing and physical resilience after health stressors
Authors: Colon‐Emeric Cathleen , Schmader Kenneth , Cohen Harvey Jay , Morey Miriam , Whitson Heather
Published: March 2023

The objectives of this article are to introduce a conceptual framework for physical resilience in the context of ageing and to discuss key elements and challenges in the design of studies of physical resilience after health stressors. Advancing age is associated with increasing exposure to multiple stressors and declining capacity to respond to health stressors. Resilience is defined broadly as the ability to resist or recover well from the adverse effects of a health stressor. In ageing‐related study designs of physical resilience after a health stressor, this dynamic resilience response can be observed as changes in repeated measures of function or health status in various domains important to older adults. Methodologic issues in selecting the study population, defining the stressor, covariates, outcomes, and analytic strategies are highlighted in the context of an ongoing prospective cohort study of physical resilience after total knee replacement surgery. The article concludes with approaches to intervention development to optimize resilience.
Investigation into Ventriloquism Effect Considering Indication of the Loudspeaker Position
Authors: Kawai Kaoru , Muto Kenji
Published: March 2023

In this work, we investigated strength variations of the ventriloquism effect when the loudspeaker's position was indicated to the subject. The ventriloquism effect is an audiovisual cross‐modality in which a sound is heard from the position of an image, even though the sound and image are presented at different locations. Previously, this effect has been studied under conditions where the sound location is not revealed. In contrast, this paper proposes measuring the ventriloquism effect using a single loudspeaker displayed as a 3D scanned image in the background of a virtual reality (VR) image. The angular discrimination threshold (the perceived angle of disparity between the sound and the image shifted horizontally) was employed to evaluate the ventriloquism effect. The resulting ventriloquism effect was compared to the effect noted in a previous study, where measurements were conducted without revealing the loudspeaker's position to the subjects. The results indicate that revealing the loudspeaker's position emphasizes the ventriloquism effect. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Emerging applications of green coconut: A promising lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Sharma Ritu , Mittal Mahak , Yadav Anita , Aggarwal Neeraj K.
Published: March 2023

Waste accumulation is a grave concern and becoming a transboundary challenge for environment. During Covid‐19 pandemic, diverse type of waste were collected due to different practices employed in order to fight back the transmission rate of the virus. Covid‐19 was proved to be capricious catastrophe of this 20th century and even not completely eradicated from the world. The havoc created by this imperceptible quick witted, pleomorphic deadly virus can't be ignored. Though a number of vaccines have been developed by the scientists but there is a fear of getting this virus again in our life. Medical studies prove that immunity drinks will help to reduce its reoccurrences. Coconut water is widely used among all drinks available globally. Its massive consumption created an incalculable pile of green coconut shells around the different corners of the world. This practice generating enormous problem of space acquisition for the environment. Both the environment and public health will benefit from an evaluation of quantity of coconut waste that is being thrown and its potential to generate value added products. With this context, present article has been planned to study different aspects like, coconut waste generation, its biological properties and environmental hazards associated with its accumulation. Additionally, this review illustrates, green technologies for production of different value added products from coconut waste.
The Afromontane Forest and Montane Grassland Biome
Authors: Huntley Brian John
Published: March 2023

The most vulnerable, yet biogeographically important forests of Angola are the relict patches of Afromontane forests of the highlands. This Chapter describes these ‘islands in the sky’ and their threatened endemic species. The small patches, totaling less than 10 km2 in area, lie from 2000–3000 km distant from their closest related forests in East, Southern and West Africa. The physical conditions, floristic and faunistic composition and biogeographic significance of the Afromontane forests and grasslands are described.
The Angolan Escarpment Zone
Authors: Huntley Brian John
Published: March 2023

The Angolan Escarpment is a physical feature that forms part of the Great Escarpment of Southern Africa. It comprises elements of all the major biomes of Angola. This chapter focuses on the biogeographical importance of the Escarpment Zone, which runs south from the Maiombe forests of Cabinda to the arid mountains rising above the Cunene River.
Tree level amplitudes from soft theorems
Authors: Zhou Kang
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We demonstrate that the tree level amplitudes and the explicit formulas of soft factors can be uniquely determined by soft theorems and the universality of soft factors. By imposing the soft theorems and the universality, as well as the assumption of double copy, we reconstruct single trace Yang-Mills-scalar amplitudes and pure Yang-Mills amplitudes, in the expanded formulas. The explicit formulas of soft factors for the bi-adjoint scalar and gluon are also determined. The expansions of Yang-Mills-scalar and Yang-Mills amplitudes can be extended to Einstein-Yang-Mills and gravitational amplitudes, and we use the expanded single trace Einstein-Yang-Mills amplitudes to reproduce the soft factors for the graviton.
Unique alcohol dehydrogenases involved in algal sugar utilization by marine bacteria
Authors: Brott Stefan , Nam Ki Hyun , Thomas François , Dutschei Theresa , Reisky Lukas , Behrens Maike , Grimm Hanna C. , Michel Gurvan , Schweder Thomas , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: March 2023

Marine algae produce complex polysaccharides, which can be degraded by marine heterotrophic bacteria utilizing carbohydrate-active enzymes. The red algal polysaccharide porphyran contains the methoxy sugar 6-O-methyl-d-galactose (G6Me). In the degradation of porphyran, oxidative demethylation of this monosaccharide towards d-galactose and formaldehyde occurs, which is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and its redox partners. In direct proximity to the genes encoding for the key enzymes of this oxidative demethylation, genes encoding for zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) were identified, which seem to be conserved in porphyran utilizing marine Flavobacteriia. Considering the fact that dehydrogenases could play an auxiliary role in carbohydrate degradation, we aimed to elucidate the physiological role of these marine ADHs. Although our results reveal that the ADHs are not involved in formaldehyde detoxification, a knockout of the ADH gene causes a dramatic growth defect of Zobellia galactanivorans with G6Me as a substrate. This indicates that the ADH is required for G6Me utilization. Complete biochemical characterizations of the ADHs from Formosa agariphila KMM 3901T (FoADH) and Z. galactanivorans DsijT (ZoADH) were performed, and the substrate screening revealed that these enzymes preferentially convert aromatic aldehydes. Additionally, we elucidated the crystal structures of FoADH and ZoADH in complex with NAD+ and showed that the strict substrate specificity of these new auxiliary enzymes is based on a narrow active site.

Key points

• Knockout of the ADH-encoding gene revealed its role in 6-O-methyl-D-galactose utilization, suggesting a new auxiliary activity in marine carbohydrate degradation.

• Complete enzyme characterization indicated no function in a subsequent reaction of the oxidative demethylation, such as formaldehyde detoxification.

• These marine ADHs preferentially convert aromatic compounds, and their strict substrate specificity is based on a narrow active site.
Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of early prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion after T cell-depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation in acute leukemia patients
Authors: van der Zouwen Boris , Koster E. A. S. , von dem Borne P. A. , Oosten L. E. M. , Roza-Scholten M. W. I. , Snijders T. J. F. , van Lammeren D. , van Balen P. , Marijt W. A. F. , Veelken H. , Falkenburg J. H. F. , de Wreede L. C. , Halkes C. J. M.
Published: March 2023

Prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) starting at 6 months after T cell-depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation (TCD-alloSCT) can introduce a graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects with low risk of severe graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD). We established a policy to apply low-dose early DLI at 3 months after alloSCT to prevent early relapse. This study analyzes this strategy retrospectively. Of 220 consecutive acute leukemia patients undergoing TCD-alloSCT, 83 were prospectively classified to have a high relapse risk and 43 were scheduled for early DLI. 95% of these patients received freshly harvested DLI within 2 weeks of the planned date. In patients transplanted with reduced intensity conditioning and an unrelated donor, we found an increased cumulative incidence of GvHD between 3 and 6 months after TCD-alloSCT for patients receiving DLI at 3 months compared to patients who did not receive this DLI (0.42 (95%Confidence Interval (95% CI): 0.14–0.70) vs 0). Treatment success was defined as being alive without relapse or need for systemic immunosuppressive GvHD treatment. The five-year treatment success in patients with acute lymphatic leukemia was comparable between high- and non-high-risk disease (0.55 (95% CI: 0.42–0.74) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.42–0.84)). It remained lower in high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (0.29 (95% CI: 0.18–0.46)) than in non-high-risk AML (0.47 (95% CI: 0.42–0.84)) due to an increased relapse rate despite early DLI.
Randomized, placebo-controlled study on efficacy, safety and tolerability of drug-induced defibrinogenation for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: the lessons learned
Authors: Weiss Bernhard G. , Spiegel Jennifer L. , Becker Sven , Strieth Sebastian , Olzowy Bernhard , Bertlich Mattis , Fořt Tomáš , Mejzlik Jan , Lenarz Thomas , Ihler Friedrich , Canis Martin
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Disturbance of cochlear microcirculation is discussed as final common pathway of various inner ear diseases. Hyperfibrinogenemia causing increased plasma viscosity is a possible factor for a critical reduction of cochlear blood flow that might lead to sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL). The aim was to determine the efficacy and safety of drug-induced defibrinogenation by ancrod for SSHL.

Methods

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel group, phase II (proof-of-concept) study (planned enrollment: 99 patients). Patients received an infusion of ancrod or placebo (day 1) followed by subcutaneous administrations (day 2, 4, 6). Primary outcome was the change in pure tone audiogram air conduction average until day 8.

Results

The study was terminated early due to slow recruiting (31 enrolled patients: 22 ancrod, 9 placebo). A significant improvement of hearing loss was registered in both groups (ancrod: − 14.3 dB ± 20.4 dB, − 39.9% ± 50.4%; placebo: − 22.3 dB ± 13.7 dB, − 59.1% ± 38.0%). A statistically significant group-difference was not detected (p = 0.374). Placebo response of 33.3% complete and 85.7% at least partial recovery was observed. Plasma fibrinogen levels were reduced significantly by ancrod (baseline: 325.2 mg/dL, day 2: 107.2 mg/dL). Ancrod was tolerated well, no adverse drug reaction was of severe intensity, no serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusion

Ancrod reduced fibrinogen levels that support its mechanism of action. The safety profile can be rated positively. Since the planned number of patients could not be enrolled, no efficacy conclusion can be drawn. The high rate of placebo response challenges clinical trials for SSHL and needs to be considered in future investigations.

Trial registrations

This study was registered in the EU Clinical Trials Register, EudraCT-No. 2012-000066-37 at 2012-07-02.
Oncological outcome of vocal cord-only radiotherapy for cT1-T2 glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: de Ridder Mischa , Rijken Johannes A. , Smits Hilde J. G. , Smid Ernst J. , Doornaert Patricia A. H. , de Bree Remco
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Early-stage glottic cancer can be treated with radiotherapy only. Modern radiotherapy solutions allow for individualized dose distributions, hypofractionation and sparing of organs at risk. The target volume used to be the entire voice box. This series describe the oncological outcome and toxicity of individualized vocal cord-only hypofractionated radiotherapy for early stage (cT1a-T2 N0).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study with patients treated in a single center between 2014 and 2020.

Results

A total of 93 patients were included. Local control rate was 100% for cT1a, 97% for cT1b and 77% for cT2. Risk factor for local recurrence was smoking during radiotherapy. Laryngectomy-free survival was 90% at 5 years. Grade III or higher late toxicity was 3.7%.

Conclusion

Vocal cord-only hypofractionated radiotherapy appears to be oncologically safe in early-stage glottic cancer. Modern, image-guided radiotherapy led to comparable results as historical series with very limited late toxicity.
Measuring the Optimal Time Interval Between Arrival and First Mental Health Evaluation’s for Refugees in Québec: A Scoping Review
Authors: Maillet Lara , Goudet Anna , Godbout Isabelle , Ntanda Gisèle Mandiangu , Laliberté Geneviève , Desjardins France , Benoit Maryse , Vassiliadis Helen-Maria , Loignon Christine , Manceau Luiza Maria
Published: March 2023

To map the state of the existing literature to identify the optimal time frame between the arrival of refugees in a host country and psychosocial assessments. We conducted scoping review using the method of Arksey and O’Malley (2005). A systematic search of 5 databases including PubMed, Psycinfo (OVID), PsycINFO BD APA, Scopus and Web of Sciences) and grey literature identified 2698 references. Thirteen studies published between 2010 and 2021 were considered eligible. A data extraction grid was designed and tested by the research team. It is not so ease to identify the most appropriate time interval to assess the mental health of newly settled refugees. All the studies selected agree on the need to carry out an initial assessment when refugees arrive in their host country. Several authors agree on the need to carry out screening at least twice during the resettlement period. However, what is less clear is the best time to perform the second screening. This scoping review mainly helped in highlighting the lack of probing data on the mental health indicators focused on during the assessment and on the optimal timeline for the assessment of refugees. Further research is needed to determine whether developmental and psychological screening is beneficial, the right time to perform the screening, and the most appropriate collection instruments and interventions.
A binational social vulnerability index (BSVI) for the San Diego-Tijuana region: mapping trans-boundary exposure to climate change for just and equitable adaptation planning
Authors: Rosa Melissa , Haines Kyle , Cruz Teddy , Forman Fonna
Published: March 2023

To pursue just, inclusive, and participatory climate adaptation planning and policy, it is important to understand both regional climate trends and the ecological services that reduce vulnerability and exposure to climate risks at the community level. Rapidly growing cities like Tijuana and San Diego are doubly exposed to climate change because they have fewer resources to confront them and yet responsible for basic services that support everyday life of their residents, challenges that are complicated by the divided institutional and social context of an international border region. In the binational context, the regional community is fragmented by institutional, academic, and cultural factors, leading to adaptation planning that stops at the border despite the shared ecological setting of human settlements. This fragmentation is particularly dangerous for climate adaptation planning because it obscures inequalities as well as opportunities contained in the binational region. To address this deficit, we have synthesized information from a variety of regional spatial datasets to construct a continuous binational social vulnerability index (BSVI) at the census tract level across the San Diego-Tijuana border region. This paper details the datasets and methodology used to create the BSVI and explores some of the preliminary results of the analysis by juxtaposing this score with spatially explicit information on vegetation cover and climate projections of heat and rainfall extremes across the region. We close with a discussion on use of this research as a tool for local environmental justice and regional adaptation.
The effects of pH on nutrient availability depend on both soils and plants
Authors: Barrow N. J. , Hartemink Alfred E.
Published: March 2023

The effects of pH on nutrient availability are not solely caused by to the effects on reaction with soils but are an interaction between these effects and the effects on rate of uptake by plants. Some effects are specific to particular ions, but an important aspect is that plant roots and soil particles both have variable charge surfaces. This influences availability, but in opposite directions. Sulfate is an example of this interplay. Its sorption by soil decreases markedly with increasing pH and thus “soil availability” increases. However, plant uptake also decreases with increasing pH thus “plant availability” decreases. For phosphate, the plant effect is stronger than the soil effect and uptake decreases with increasing pH. In contrast, effects of increasing pH on molybdate adsorption are so large that they dominate the overall effect. Sorption of cations, such as zinc or copper, increases with increasing pH but uptake rate also increases. The net effect is a small decrease in availability with increasing pH. Boron is an exception; there are small effects of pH on sorption; and it is the uncharged boric acid molecules that are taken up by plant roots. Their uptake is not affected by charge and uptake is proportional to the concentration of uncharged boric acid molecules. We argue that emphasis on the effects of pH on reactions with soil has led to a distorted picture of the effects of pH on nutrient availability.
Patchworks and operations
Authors: Novick Rose , Haueis Philipp
Published: March 2023

Recent work in the philosophy of scientific concepts has seen the simultaneous revival of operationalism and development of patchwork approaches to scientific concepts. We argue that these two approaches are natural allies. Both recognize an important role for measurement techniques in giving meaning to scientific terms. The association of multiple techniques with a single term, however, raises the threat of proliferating concepts (Hempel, 1966). While contemporary operationalists have developed some resources to address this challenge, these resources are inadequate to account for the full range of complex behaviors of scientific concepts. We adopt show how the patchwork approach’s repertoire of inter-patch relations can expand the resources available to the operationalist. We focus on one especially important type of inter-patch relation: sharing a general reasoning strategy. General reasoning strategies serve two important functions: (1) they bind together distinct patches of scientific concepts, and (2) they provide normative guidance for extending concepts to new domains.
Objectivity, value-free science, and inductive risk
Authors: Hoyningen-Huene Paul
Published: March 2023

In this paper I shall defend the idea that there is an abstract and general core meaning of objectivity, and what is seen as a variety of concepts or conceptions of objectivity are in fact criteria of, or means to achieve, objectivity. I shall then discuss the ideal of value-free science and its relation to the objectivity of science; its status can be at best a criterion of, or means for, objectivity. Given this analysis, we can then turn to the problem of inductive risk. Do the value judgements regarding inductive risk really pose a threat to the objectivity of science? I claim that this is not the case because they do not lower the thresholds scientifically postulated for objectivity. I shall conclude the paper with a discussion of under-appreciated influences of values on science, which indeed pose a serious threat to the objectivity of some scientific disciplines.
The Right Not to Be Subjected to AI Profiling Based on Publicly Available Data—Privacy and the Exceptionalism of AI Profiling
Authors: Ploug Thomas
Published: March 2023

Social media data hold considerable potential for predicting health-related conditions. Recent studies suggest that machine-learning models may accurately predict depression and other mental health-related conditions based on Instagram photos and Tweets. In this article, it is argued that individuals should have a sui generis right not to be subjected to AI profiling based on publicly available data without their explicit informed consent. The article (1) develops three basic arguments for a right to protection of personal data trading on the notions of social control and stigmatization, (2) argues that a number of features of AI profiling make individuals more exposed to social control and stigmatization than other types of data processing (the exceptionalism of AI profiling), (3) considers a series of other reasons for and against protecting individuals against AI profiling based on publicly available data, and finally (4) argues that the EU General Data Protection Regulation does not ensure that individuals have a right not to be AI profiled based on publicly available data.
Capability of weld seam improvement techniques for the fatigue strength optimization of welded high strength steels
Authors: Werner Tom , Nitschke-Pagel Thomas , Dilger Klaus
Published: March 2023

Fatigue-loaded welded constructions are mainly designed according to the experimental results of low-strength steels, although great knowledge about the properties of modern high-strength steels is available. Due to the increasing notch sensitivity with increasing yield strength, the applicable load amplitudes are mostly independent of the steel grade. This paper presents various options for exploiting the potential of high-strength steels subjected to cyclic loads. Therefore, different post-weld treatments are investigated. The calculated fatigue strength is thereby based on IIW guidelines. The results indicate a high potential for an increase in fatigue strength up to a calculated FAT class with a variable slope of FAT392. This is considerably higher than the currently valid base metal level of FAT160.
Theory and practical experience as two sides of a coin
Authors: Kaupp Angela
Published: March 2023

Students often complain that the content of their studies is not practice-oriented enough because they do not recognize the importance of theory. This theory–practice problem has long been discussed in teacher education. Explicit research on religious education (RE) is only just beginning. This article tries to evince some connectors between theory and practice at the university level by means of a higher-education didactical model in the field of RE. For this purpose, a didactical course in RE called "learning workshop for religious didactics" in the curriculum of practical theology as a new format for university didactics was introduced. Within the framework of the accompanying research, both the teaching and the reflection on this teaching were recorded on video, and the students’ competences were analysed. This contribution aims to highlight specifically how this didactical model contributes to the increase in students’ theological and didactical skills and promotes their own activity and self-reflection in teaching lessons. Since the students’ teaching topic is "world religions", this model also contributes to their development in addressing religious plurality.
Von Sprechakt und Text, Tat und Geist
Authors: Tiessen Margarete
Published: March 2023

Die Ideengeschichte der »Cambridge School« ist sicherlich nur als eine mögliche methodische Nachfolgerin der alten »Geistesgeschichte« zu sehen, stellt aber doch gleichzeitig ihre wirkungsmächtigste Ablösung dar. Der Beitrag diskutiert das Verhältnis von Quentin Skinners Historiographie politischen Denkens und der Literaturwissenschaft und leitet damit über zu den Unterschieden zwischen der Ideengeschichte der »Cambridge School« und der deutschen Geistesgeschichte der Zwischenkriegszeit. Abschließend diskutiert er das Potenzial der Ideengeschichte für die Literaturwissenschaft sowie die Bedeutung der Literatur für die historische Erforschung von politischem Denken und politischen Ideen.
Precision Medicine in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Michalek Dominika A. , Onengut-Gumuscu Suna , Repaske David R. , Rich Stephen S.
Published: March 2023

Type 1 diabetes is a complex, chronic disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas are sufficiently altered or impaired to result in requirement of exogenous insulin for survival. The development of type 1 diabetes is thought to be an autoimmune process, in which an environmental (unknown) trigger initiates a T cell-mediated immune response in genetically susceptible individuals. The presence of islet autoantibodies in the blood are signs of type 1 diabetes development, and risk of progressing to clinical type 1 diabetes is correlated with the presence of multiple islet autoantibodies. Currently, a “staging” model of type 1 diabetes proposes discrete components consisting of normal blood glucose but at least two islet autoantibodies (Stage 1), abnormal blood glucose with at least two islet autoantibodies (Stage 2), and clinical diagnosis (Stage 3). While these stages may, in fact, not be discrete and vary by individual, the format suggests important applications of precision medicine to diagnosis, prevention, prognosis, treatment and monitoring. In this paper, applications of precision medicine in type 1 diabetes are discussed, with both opportunities and barriers to global implementation highlighted. Several groups have implemented components of precision medicine, yet the integration of the necessary steps to achieve both short- and long-term solutions will need to involve researchers, patients, families, and healthcare providers to fully impact and reduce the burden of type 1 diabetes.
Current Concepts in Scapholunate Instability Without Arthritic Changes
Authors: Amarasooriya Melanie , Jerome Terrence Jose , Tourret Lisa
Published: March 2023

Scapholunate instability (SLI) is the most common carpal instability described. SLI leads to a degenerative arthritic pattern known as scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC). Diagnosis of SLI can be challenging in pre-dynamic and dynamic stages. CT arthrogram, MR arthrogram and dynamic fluoroscopy are helpful in diagnosis while arthroscopy remains the gold standard. SLI is a multi-ligament injury, which involves not only the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) but also the extrinsic carpal ligaments. Hence, it is better described as an injury compromising the ‘dorsal scapholunate(dSLL) complex’. A repair can be attempted for acute SLI presenting within 6 weeks of injury. Reconstruction is the mainstay of treatment for chronic SLI without degenerative changes. Multiple repair techniques have been described which include capsulodesis and tenodesis procedures. The clinical outcomes of the techniques have improved over the years. However, a common problem of all these techniques is the lack of long-term data on the outcomes and deteriorating radiological parameters over time. SLI staging is an important factor to be considered in choosing the reconstruction techniques for a better outcome. Currently, there is a trend towards more biological and less invasive techniques. Regardless of the technique, it is important to preserve the nerve supply of the dorsal capsuloligamentous structures of the wrist. Arthroscopic techniques being minimally invasive have the advantage of less collateral damage to the capsuloligamentous structures. Rehabilitation involves a team approach where a protected dart thrower’s motion is allowed after a period of immobilization. Strengthening SL-friendly muscles and inhibiting SL-unfriendly muscles is a key principle in rehabilitation.
Decompositions of moduli spaces of vector bundles and graph potentials
Authors: Belmans Pieter , Galkin Sergey , Mukhopadhyay Swarnava
Published: March 2023

We propose a conjectural semiorthogonal decomposition for the derived category of the moduli space of stable rank 2 bundles with fixed determinant of odd degree, independently formulated by Narasimhan. We discuss some evidence for and furthermore propose semiorthogonal decompositions with additional structure.

We also discuss two other decompositions. One is a decomposition of this moduli space in the Grothendieck ring of varieties, which relates to various known motivic decompositions. The other is the critical value decomposition of a candidate mirror Landau–Ginzburg model given by graph potentials, which in turn is related under mirror symmetry to Muñoz’s decomposition of quantum cohomology. This corresponds to an orthogonal decomposition of the Fukaya category. We discuss how decompositions on different levels (derived category of coherent sheaves, Grothendieck ring of varieties, Fukaya category, quantum cohomology, critical sets of graph potentials) are related and support each other.
Measurements of the oscillatory lateral derivatives of a high incidence research model (HIRM 1) at speeds up to M = 0.8
Authors: O'Leary C. O. , Rowthorn E. N.
Published: March 2023

Tests were made to investigate the effects of Mach number on the oscillatory lateral derivatives of a three-surface, high-incidence research model (HIRM 1). Effects of Reynolds number and frequency parameter were also investigated at low speed. A new flexible sting and hydraulic actuator system were designed for the tests in the 2.4 m x 2.4 m Pressurised Wind Tunnel.

Results showed that the effects of Reynolds number and frequency parameter were not very significant at low speeds but there were quite large effects of Mach number on some derivatives, notably yawing and rolling moments due to sideslip and rate of yaw.
The prospects for European aerospace transporters
Authors: Ashford D. M. , Collins P. Q.
Published: March 2023

This, the third part of the paper on aerospace transporters, considers their applications. It is concluded that a small nearterm vehicle would be useful for launching small satellites, for servicing satellites in orbit, for supplying space stations and as a lead-in to larger and more advanced vehicles. The latter have a potential cost per flight about 1000 times less than that of the Space Shuttle, given traffic levels sufficient to enable design and operational maturity to be achieved. Space tourism, (i.e. the making of short flights to Earth orbit by fare-paying passengers), would appear to be the first application likely to provide these traffic levels. Given high priority and an immediate start, the first space tourism flights could possibly take place this century.
Forward facing spike effects on bodies of different cross section in supersonic flow
Authors: Hutt G. R. , Howe A. J.
Published: March 2023

The results of an experimental programme conducted in the University of Southampton's induced flow supersonic wind tunnel are presented. The pitch static force coefficient and centre of pressure data relate to a series of bodies with a blunt cone nose forebody with afterbodies comprising circular, square and triangular cross section. The blunt cone nose forebody has a forward located, body axis, aerodynamic spike system.

The data presented reveals the well known benefits of aerospikes with blunt nosed axisymmetric vehicles. This is then used as a base to explore the coupled flowfield effects on force coefficients due to spike deployment on bodies of non-axisymmetric cross section. The results identify how the body-only benefits of triangular cross sections are not degraded by the spike presence, with the main aero-spike benefit of drag reduction preserved throughout the angle of attack range investigated.
Finite element solution of the transonic full-potential equation for the flow past axisymmetric configurations
Authors: Mehta R. C. , Jayachandran T.
Published: March 2023

A finite element method is used for the solution of the full-potential equation in conservation of mass form. The finite element analysis allows the boundary conditions to be treated in simple and exact manner, without the use of a mapping scheme. An efficient finite element computational grid is employed in order to obtain an accurate converged solution. An iterative method is used to solve the full-potential equation. The iteration is in two parts, new values for the velocity potential are found by matrix inversion while the density is not updated, then new values of the density are found from the isentropic relation. The density field is then relaxed using new values for the potential in conjunction with an artificial viscosity. Results are obtained for different types of axisymmetric configurations. Comparison is made with available experimental data and good agreement is found for the pressure coefficient distribution over a suitable blunted cone-cylinder axisymmetric body. Further comparisons with experimental data are required in order to assess the method.
Some simple flows with vorticity
Authors: Humphreys D. A.
Published: March 2023

The report concerns the response of a shear flow to the insertion of a small obstacle at an impermeable wall. A calculation method is described which makes use of elementary potential flow theory although the solutions obtained are not potential flows. The first inviscid approximation to the response is computed explicitly in a number of different cases and qualitative features of the solutions are found in accordance with expectation. Their relevance to a more accurate determination of the flow is discussed.
What is formulation in psychiatry?
Authors: Owen Gareth
Published: March 2023

The practice of formulation has been both championed and severely criticised within clinical psychiatry and interest in formulation within the teaching of clinical psychiatry is at a low ebb. This article traces the history of the biopsychosocial model, the concept of diagnostic hierarchy and the role of ‘verstehen’ (or intersubjective meaning grasping) in the clinical assessment. All three of these concepts are considered relevant to the practice of formulation. Responding to challenges aimed at these concepts, it argues that formulation in psychiatry needs resuscitating and rethinking and provides some recommendations for a practice of formulation fit for the 21st century.