bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Oil from Unripe Plantain (Musa Paradisiaca) Peels
Authors: Victor Enearepuadoh Orodu , Evawere Abigail Igara
Published: April 2021

Extraction and physicochemical analysis of oil from unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels was carried out using cold extraction method. The peels were washed with distilled water, sun dried for 3 hours and oven dried for 6 hours at 85oC. It was then ground thoroughly. 700g of the sample was weighed and 1.20 liter of n-hexane was added for 72 hours. It was placed in a water bath for the evaporation of the solvent. The physicochemical properties determined were Saponification Value (SV), Iodine Value (IV), Free Fatty Acid Value (FFA), Peroxide Value (PV), Acid Value (AV) the mean results obtained SV 335.18mg/KOH/g, IV 7.16gI2/100g, FFA 338.76mg/KOH/g, AV 696.35mg/KOH/g and PV 328.46meq/kg. In comparing these physicochemical properties with the standard given by WHO/FAO, it was observed that IV and PV were below the range, SV, AV and FFA was above the range. Hence, the oil obtained from unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels is not fit for human consumption because AV, SV and FFA are higher than the standard given by WHO/FAO rather it can be used for making of soap and shampoos, PV showed the stability of the oil and IV indicates it’s nondrying quality which will not be suitable for ink and paint making due to its low iodine content.
Learning from psychiatry summer schools for school leavers
Authors: Fletcher Dr Iwan , Joiner Dr Adam , Muller Dr Anneke
Published: April 2021

Background: In the context of the ongoing recruitment crisis in psychiatry, we evaluated what aspects of a school leavers’ psychiatry summer school was beneficial, and what aspects could be improved. We also considered if the summer school influenced interest in a career in psychiatry. Method: Over a three-year period, we collected and analysed Likert-scale and free-text data from a questionnaire given to school leavers at the end of the summer school. Results: School leavers found listening to a patient’s journey to recovery, interaction with doctors at different stages of training, and help with application to medical school most valuable. Feedback about the summer school was generally very positive and of the 38 school leavers involved, 61% stated they would consider a career in psychiatry following attendance. Discussion: Providing a psychiatry summer school for school leavers is a worthwhile opportunity to expose aspiring doctors to psychiatry, potentially enhancing future recruitment. We offer guidance from our learning to those considering running a similar summer school in the future.
Post-operative sleep disturbances
Authors: Zaidi Syed-Nadeem
Published: April 2021

In this review we will discuss some very basic physiologic concepts about normal sleep. Causes of postoperative sleep disturbances, its clinical significance and some remedies to restore sleep in the post-operative period will also be discussed.
A importância do programa saúde na escola no retorno das aulas presenciais após a pandemia de Coronavírus
Authors: Muri Gama Alan Santiago , Silveira Santiago Elizabeth Almeida da , Barreto Evan Pereira , Corrêa Borges Kleyton , Ribeiro Helvécio Luciano , Bicalho de Lima Luís Carlos , Abranches Pacheco Marcus Vinícius Pena , Silva Gonçalves Mellina da , Moreira Cacemiro Rita Maria Fernandes Leal
Published: April 2021

O capítulo A importância do programa saúde na escola no retorno das aulas presenciais após a pandemia de Coronavírus, os autores Alan Santiago Muri Gama, Elizabeth Almeida da Silveira Santiago, Evan Pereira Barreto, Kleyton Corrêa Borges, Luciano Ribeiro Helvécio, Luís Carlos Bicalho de Lima, Marcus Vinícius Pena Abranches Pacheco, Mellina da Silva Gonçalves, Rita Maria Fernandes Leal Moreira Cacemiro, realizam uma breve síntese dos marcos legais do programa saúde na escola apresentando a interface entre saúde e educação no contexto pós pandemia visando o bem-estar psicossocial dos alunos. Destaca-se- ainda a importância do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) e como suas ações após a pandemia do novo Coronavírus serão importantes para garantir um retorno saudável dos alunos e dos atores da vida escolar à sociedade. O PSE atua em diversos campos da saúde, e sua atuação no campo da saúde mental será importantíssima para garantir um retorno saudável e completo do aluno as salas de aula. Garantir novas práticas de convivência social também será um objetivo a se desenvolver no conjunto de saúde e educação, apontando novas práticas instrucionais para a vida escolar, e como se portar socialmente no que concerne a higiene corporal, vida alimentar e contatos físicos em geral. As ações do PSE estão a se expandir com as novas garantias de profissionais da saúde mental atuando na vida escolar, e isso será revertido em benefício dos alunos e professores que poderão contar com um alicerce a mais no combate aos adoecimentos inesperados decorrentes do isolamento social, como a depressão e a ansiedade e todos os outros adoecimentos que podem surgir em decorrência delas. Entende-se, portanto, que a atuação do PSE é indispensável para garantir o retorno mais saudável e inspirar segurança a professores e alunos no retorno das aulas
Entre o prescrito e o vivido: rebatimentos legais da Política Nacional de Educação Especial na perspectiva da educação inclusiva
Authors: Batista Viana Jacira Marvila , de Abreu José Roberto Gonçalves
Published: April 2021

O capítulo Entre o prescrito e o vivido: rebatimentos legais da Política Nacional de Educação Especial na perspectiva da educação inclusiva de autoria de Jacira Marvila Batista Viana e José Roberto Gonçalves de Abreu aponta as contradições presentes na legislação vigente, as vivências e desafios dos professores no processo de inclusão social. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo e análise documental da legislação vigente. Assim, ressalta-se a importância de se repensar as propostas de formação continuada para os professores de educação inclusiva especial, de maneira que estas possam ir de encontro as demandas do cotidiano destes educadores. Ainda é importante destacar que os autores enfatizam os esforços dos professores no desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas e materiais didáticos que possam oferecer uma educação inclusiva conforme o prescrito na Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva.
CircRNA LRIG3 knockdown inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating miR-223-3p and MAPK/ERK pathway
Authors: Sun Hui , Zhai Junwei , Zhang Li , Chen Yingnan
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Emerging evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of circRNA leucine-rich repeat immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 3 (circ_LRIG3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been investigated.

Material and methods

The expression levels of circ_LRIG3, miR-223-3p, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAP2K6) were determined by qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed by MTT, colony formation, and transwell assays. Western blot assay was employed to measure the protein levels of the snail, E-cadherin, MAP2K6, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospho-MAPK (p-MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and phospho-ERKs (p- ERKs). The relationship between miR-223-3p and circ_LRIG3 or MAP2K6 was predicted by bioinformatics tools and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. A xenograft tumor model was established to confirm the functions of circ_LRIG3 in vivo.

Results

Circ_LRIG3 and MAP2K6 expression were enhanced while miR-223-3p abundance was reduced in HCC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_LRIG3 inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and increasing apoptosis. MiR-223-3p was a target of circ_LRIG3, and its downregulation reversed the inhibitory effect of circ_LRIG3 knockdown on the progression of HCC cells. Moreover, MAP2K6 could bind to miR-223-3p, and MAP2K6 upregulation also abolished the suppressive impact of circ_LRIG3 interference on progression of HCC cells. Additionally, the silence of circ_LRIG3 suppressed the activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway and tumor growth by upregulating miR-223-3p and downregulating MAP2K6.

Conclusions

Circ_LRIG3 knockdown inhibited HCC progression through regulating miR-223-3p/MAP2K6 axis and inactivating MAPK/ERK pathway.
Urine flora imbalance and new biomarkers in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Yin Shuiping , Xu Dandan , Zhang Meng , Zhang Peiyu , Guan Yu , Kzhyshkowska Julia , Liang Chaozhao
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Microbial structure is closely associated with the initiation
and development of various diseases. However, the roles of urine flora in
prostate diseases, including prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), are still unclear.

Material and methods

In this study, clinical samples were collected from
PCa (n = 21) and BPH (n = 19) patients and healthy people (n = 12). The
analysis of urine flora DNA sequencing and hematological testing results between groups was performed using bioinformatic methods, including alpha
and beta diversity analysis, and functional PICRUSt analysis.

Results

The results showed that the microbial structure in PCa and BPH
differed from the healthy control. Abundance of Escherichia coli was higher
in PCa and BPH patients, while probiotics, such as Lactobacillus helveticus
and Lactobacillus iners, were lower. Moreover, beta diversity in the PCa group
was significantly different from the control group, while alpha diversity was
not. Spearman analysis showed that Escherichia coli was negatively correlated with Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus iners. Functional analysis
showed that microbial imbalance was associated with energy metabolism
in PCa, and with cell motility, energy metabolism, and intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport in BPH. Moreover, microbial imbalance
was associated with nervous disorders and infectious diseases in PCa, and
with metabolic system, infectious diseases, and signal transduction in BPH.

Conclusions

Taken together, microbial imbalance may be associated with PCa
and BPH. The increase of Escherichia coli was accompanied by the decrease of
probiotics, such as Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus iners. These may
be biomarkers for risk prediction and early treatment for prostate disease.
A Comparative Study of Curvature-Based and Differential Versions of Dotter Raster-stereography Techniques
Authors:   Usman Institute of Technology, Wasim Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Conventional Line-based Raster-stereography has been a popular technique for 3-D surface topography. However, in its application for human face screening, the problem of line breaking was observed. In order to resolve this problem, there came up a new technique called dotted raster-stereography. The previously reported version of dotted raster-stereography extracted the curvature features of human face. This paper presents a modified version, viz. differential dotted raster-stereography in which instead of curvature, differences in straight line distances between adjacent points are calculated. A comparative picture of the two versions of dotted raster-stereography techniques is presented. Results suggest that this new differential version of dotted raster-stereography algorithm is faster in execution due to its simpler implementation in software, though lower in accuracy, as compared with the previously reported curvature-based version of dotted raster stereography.
Influence of Online Banking on consumers and its perception and acceptance during Covid-19
Authors: Hameed Jahangir
Published: April 2021

The study is about  Influence of Online Banking on consumers and its perception and acceptance during Covid-19. Research hypothesis and research questionnaire had been developed to undertake the study for the research hypothesis, primary data has been used through the sample size and Convenience sampling was carried out where the quota was determined according to the share of the total number. To answer the questions statistically five hypotheses were created and tested through the questionnaire. Results shows that majority of the respondents have agreed and established trust on online banking transactions during pandemic situation
Keystroke dynamics Based Technique to Enhance the Security in Smart Devices
Authors: Pirzado Farman , Memon Shahzad , Dhomeja Lachman Das Dhomeja , Ahmed Awais
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, smart devices have become a part of ourlives, hold our data, and are used for sensitive transactions likeinternet banking, mobile banking, etc. Therefore, it is crucial tosecure the data in these smart devices from theft or misplacement.The majority of the devices are secured with password/PINbaseduser authentication methods, which are already proveda less secure or easily guessable user authentication method.An alternative technique for securing smart devices is keystrokedynamics. Keystroke dynamics (KSD) is behavioral biometrics,which uses a natural typing pattern unique in every individualand difficult to fake or replicates that pattern. This paperproposes a user authentication model based on KSD as an additionalsecurity method for increasing the smart devices’ securitylevel. In order to analyze the proposed model, an android-basedapplication has been implemented for collecting data from fakeand genuine users. Six machine learning algorithms have beentested on the collected data set to study their suitability for usein the keystroke dynamics-based authentication model.
A Modified CNN-Based Face Recognition System
Authors: Raghavan Jayanthi , Ahmadi Majid
Published: April 2021

In this work, deep CNN based model have been suggested for face recognition. CNN is employed to extract unique facial features and softmax classifier is applied to classify facial images in a fully connected layer of CNN. The experiments conducted in Extended YALE B and FERET databases for smaller batch sizes and low value of learning rate, showed that the proposed model has improved the face recognition accuracy. Accuracy rates of up to 96.2% is achieved using the proposed model in Extended Yale B database. To improve the accuracy rate further, preprocessing techniques like SQI, HE, LTISN, GIC and DoG are applied to the CNN model. After the application of preprocessing techniques, the improved accuracy of 99.8% is achieved with deep CNN model for the YALE B Extended Database. In FERET Database with frontal face, before the application of preprocessing techniques, CNN model yields the maximum accuracy of 71.4%. After applying the above-mentioned preprocessing techniques, the accuracy is improved to 76.3%.
A Study of Facts and Generating Factors of “Dislike for Exercise” and “Dislike for Physical Education”
Authors: Erdene B.Chuluun- , Azjargal D.
Published: April 2021

Recently, a decline in children’s fitness and lack of exercise has become a serious issue in Japan. Consequently, various governmental institutions have repeatedly taken up this problem and a number of policy recommendations have been made that aim to remedy the situation. Following these recommendations, the new Course of Study has proposed measures such as increasing the number of teaching hours for health and Physical Education (hereinafter abbreviated as “PE”) and reforming the PE curriculum within 12 years. By doing so, it has further emphasized the need “to develop the capacity and skills to engage in exercise throughout life, to realize an enriching sports life, and to improve physical fitness.” Despite these measures, the polarization between those children who actively engage in exercise and those who do not, as well as children who have an unfavorable or negative attitude toward exercise and PE lessons “Dislike for Exercise (hereinafter abbreviated as “DE”)” and “Dislike for Physical Education (hereinafter abbreviated as “DPE”)” still persist. The principal role of PE lessons at school is to introduce children to the joy and excitement of exercise. Within this context, emphasis should be placed on “PE” education that forms the basis of life-long engagement with sports. However, “DE” and “DPE” attitudes inhibit PE in school from achieving its goals.
Propuestas para la equidad y la mejora de la docencia en las aulas virtuales universitarias
Authors: García Barrera Alba , De las Heras Cuenca Ana María
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo surge de la necesidad de atender a la diversidad en la educación superior a distancia, donde, en los últimos años, se ha detectado un claro aumento del alumnado, viéndose incrementada, a su vez, la ratio profesor-alumno. Ello dificulta el correcto desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, que tiene lugar en unas aulas virtuales con grupos cada vez más numerosos y con características y necesidades muy diferentes entre sí.
Partiendo de esta compleja realidad, las autoras del trabajo reflexionan sobre las actuaciones que en este sentido tienen lugar actualmente en la enseñanza a distancia y las posibles consecuencias académicas y personales que de ellas podrían derivarse. Desde este análisis proceden a identificar las demandas que ha de atender el profesorado universitario en las aulas virtuales para dar respuesta a las necesidades educativas y personales de cada estudiante, garantizando el éxito en su aprendizaje. Por último, y con el fin de ayudar a los docentes en esta labor, se ofrecen una serie de propuestas metodológicas y didácticas que aprovechan las posibilidades que ofrecen las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para poner en contacto a personas de distinta procedencia y con diferentes perfiles formativos, enriqueciendo su experiencia de aprendizaje y cubriendo sus necesidades educativas personales.
OBSERVATIONS IN CONTROLLING HELICOBACTER PYLORI BETWEEN TRIPLE REGIME AND SEQUENTIAL REGIME.
Authors: Shah Muhammad Tahir , Noreen Azam  , Adil Mehraj  , Muhammad Ilyas  , Mansoor Ahmad
Published: April 2021

Objective: Comparison between conventional triple regime and sequential regime in controlling of Helicobacter Pylori.

Material and Methods: The study was conducted at Medical OPD MH Rawalpindi for six months. The consecutive (nonprobability sampling) technique was used. All patients fulfilling inclusion criteria and diagnosed according to operational definition of Helicobacter Pylori infection were selected. All the information was entered, assessed and results were obtained through SPSS.

Results: According to our study the cases mean age was 36.23±10.87 years, ratio between male, female was 1.07:1. overall efficacy achieved in 289 (67.21%) patient (124 in set A and 165 in set B).  So according to results sequential therapy has got much higher results as compared to triple therapy group.

Conclusion: It has been proved in our study that the sequential regime has got significantly better results than conventional triple regime in the management of Helicobacter Pylori eradication
L’activité réelle de l’élève : pour développer l'activité enseignante
Authors: Ruelland-Roger Danielle , Clot Yves
Published: April 2021

Cet article est la suite d'une série de travaux sur la clinique de l'activité enseignante. De nombreuses recherches référencées ont été réalisées par nous sur le développement du métier des enseignants. Pour autant c'est la première fois ici que nous abordons cet exercice professionnel sous l'angle de l'activité des élèves. Cette dernière est regardée dans l’article comme objet de l'activité enseignante. La transmission du savoir mathématique pris comme exemple y prend une place centrale. À partir d'une expérience réalisée par Vygotski l'article propose une expérimentation avec la technique de l'instruction au sosie. On examine comment des enseignants de mathématiques redécouvrent l’activité d’apprentissage de leurs élèves développée dans un dispositif de clinique de l’activité. On examine aussi comment cette redécouverte est une source de dialogue entre eux.
Proposition de lexique
Authors: Barma Sylvie , Laferrière Thérèse , Allaire Stéphane
Published: April 2021

Le présent ouvrage propose un lexique d’abord élaboré par Mme Anne Rogiers-Lagacé qui a effectué la traduction des textes de Engeström et Sannino ainsi que de celui de Bracewell et Park. Après avoir constaté que plusieurs termes spécifiques à la théorie de l’activité et particulièrement aux termes anglophones proposés des chercheurs du CRADLE (agency, double stimulation, volition, etc.) étaient souvent traduits de diverses façons, nous avons cru utile de partager le fruit d’une réflexion qui s’est voulue collective. Annalisa Sannino et Yrjö Engeström se sont penchés sur plusieurs de ces termes et les membres du comité de rédaction du premier numéro ont mis l’épaule à l
La communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle: outil l’appropriation des principes de l’éducation relative à l’environnement (ERE) et au développement durable (EDD) auprès d’enseignants du secondaire
Authors: Collard-Fortin Ugo , Gauthier Diane
Published: April 2021

Depuis la dernière restructuration des programmes de formation du milieu scolaire, on assiste au Québec, à l’intégration de diverses disciplines scientifiques et à l’ouverture de champs inédits et prioritaires comme l’éducation relative à l’environnement (ERE) et le développement durable (EDD). La formation scientifique du secondaire vise désormais le développement d’une culture technoscientifique favorable à la formation de citoyens critiques, informés et sensibilisés aux problèmes environnementaux. Ces changements imposent d’importantes modifications aux pratiques d’enseignement. L’enseignant est confronté aux limites de ses savoirs scientifiques et aux implications économiques et sociales des connaissances qu’il enseigne. Ces conditions génèrent un climat d’insécurité produisant une entrave au changement. Une formation continue a été mise sur pied afin de pallier ces obstacles et de s’ouvrir au changement de pratique.
L’apprentissage expansif et la construction de l’identité de jeunes à travers la réalisation d’un documentaire scientifique : un projet d’agentivité transformatrice
Authors: Rahm Jrène , Boulanger Émilie , Hebert Issac , Journet Gwénaëlle , Lachaîne Audrey
Published: April 2021

Inspirés par les travaux de Vygotsky, nous examinons l’apprentissage selon une vision de l’individu comme créateur et agent de changement. En nous appuyant sur ses éléments clés de la théorie socioculturelle, nous entendons explorer ce qu’un tel concept, jumelé à celui de construction de l’identité, peut sous-tendre dans le cadre du fonctionnement d’un club scientifique parascolaire mis sur pied collectivement, et proposant des activités destinées à des jeunes d’une école secondaire. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement au processus de réalisation en commun d’un documentaire vidéo portant sur les sciences, processus qui s’est étalé sur douze semaines. Nous entendons ainsi explorer des formes d’implication en sciences qui ne correspondent pas aux modèles normatifs typiques des sciences enseignées à l’école. Nous voulons du coup montrer dans quelle mesure une telle implication favorise l’apprentissage créatif et la construction de l’identité en matière de sciences ainsi que l’émergence d’une communauté d’apprentissage propice autant à l’agentivité transformatrice des jeunes qu’à celle des animateurs.
Les relations entre les enseignants et les parents : premières étapes d’intervention d’un Laboratoire du Changement
Authors: Deslandes Rollande , Barma Sylvie
Published: April 2021

La présente recherche intervention vise à illustrer les premières étapes du processus d’un Laboratoire du Changement, une méthode de recherche et d’intervention formative et encore peu connue au Québec, appliquée ici dans le contexte des relations enseignants-parents. Nous désirons mettre à profit cette méthode dans un contexte de réforme curriculaire difficile. L’objet ultime du Laboratoire du Changement est de promouvoir la participation parentale au suivi scolaire par l’entremise de l’amélioration des relations entre les enseignants et les parents. Les études réalisées depuis quelques décennies montrent les bénéfices associés à des relations enseignants-parents positives et collaboratrices pour la réussite scolaire. De ces relations émergent des zones de tensions exprimées sous la forme de manifestations discursives de contradictions. À la lumière de la théorie de l’activité et de la méthode du Laboratoire du Changement, l’analyse de deux premières rencontres réunissant neuf participants a mené à l’identification des contradictions primaires à chacun des pôles du triangle de l’activité. Celles-ci ont trait surtout à la volonté ou non de favoriser une plus grande participation parentale (objet), à des communications parfois ambiguës (outil), à des attentes irréalistes de certains parents à l’égard de rétroactions attendues de la part des enseignants (division du travail), à des façons de faire qui ne respectent pas les règles de fonctionnement de l’école, au caractère individualiste des rapports de certains parents avec les enseignants et de certains services offerts par des professionnels uniquement pendant les heures de classe (communauté). Cette analyse dialectique réalisée par les chercheurs a ainsi permis d’identifier les problèmes rencontrés et d’en discuter avec les participants. Les résultats de l’analyse des manifestations de ces contradictions seront réinvestis à titre de données miroir dans une phase ultérieure du Laboratoire du changement afin d’outrepasser ces problèmes et de s’engager dans une comodélisation d’une nouvelle forme de relation entre les enseignants et les parents.
The sense and the meaning of cultural-historical theory of L. S. Vygotsky
Authors: Kravtsova Elena
Published: April 2021

L. S. Vygotsky’s principal idea, lying in the base of cultural-historical theory, is the primacy of sense over meaning. There are serious reasons to believe that this part of cultural-historical theory was not completely understood both by his disciples and his opponents. That’s why many Vygotsky’s conclusions and discoveries remained untapped. while others were implemented in science and practice quite di˙erently from what he suggested. Vygotsky once wrote that features of the particular science deeply related to its method. That’s why he introduced the experimental-genetic method (projective method in modern psychology), which allows modeling the processes of development. One of the basic concepts of cultural-historical theory is the concept of “cultural de-velopment”. A Cultural person, for Vygotsky, is the person, who can control not only their own behavior and actions but also their own psychic processes. On the one hand, modern psychology doesn’t deny the role of volition in child’s development. But on the other hand, the volition itself is typically understood as one’s ability to submit to laws and rules. More than that – it’s rather easy to create conditions where a person will submit to laws and rules, but it doesn’t develop his ability to control himself. In Vygotsky’s opinion, there are natural psychic functions, which in the process of learning transform into cultural ones. In this context, the main goal of learning is to create conditions for developing person’s ability to be the subject of his own behavior, activity and psychic.
Lev Vygotsky’s Principle “One Step in Learning Represents a Hundred Steps in Development”: From Idea to Practice
Authors: K. Zaretskii Viktor
Published: April 2021

The article reviews Lev Vygotsky’s published works to trace the evolution of his under-standing of child development. The authors believe that his assumption that one step in learning may mean one hundred steps in development, is as important as the two other keys postulate of the cultural-historical theory: the principle that learning precedes devel-opment and the concept of zone of proximal development. The authors provide a rational for utilization of these assumptions in the practice of development-facilitating psycholo-gical and educational assistance. A mechanism of this learning-development relationship is hypothesized. The article outlines a multidimensional model of the zone of proximal development illustrating the above mechanism. This model is one of the conceptual tools of the Reﬂection and Activity Approach helping children overcome learning diÿculties and promoting their development. Having given the account of how they proceeded “from the idea to the problem” and “from the idea to the mechanism”, the authors provide case studies showing how this mechanism allows working with learning diÿculties to trigger simultaneous improvement in multiple developmental dimensions. The article reports on the experience of running special Summer Schools for children with learning diÿculties, implementing the “Chess for General Development” Project, and assisting orphaned children with severe somatic conditions. A case study of a female college student displaying signs of the learned helplessness syndrome is presented. The authors infer that Vygotsky’s idea of a speciﬁc relationship between learning and development may be of fundamental theoretical and practical value, especially for working with children with special needs.
Pedagogical, Psychological and Psychotherapeutic Help in Overcoming Learning Difficulties to Facilitate Development
Authors: K. Zaretskii Viktor , B. Kholmogorova Alla
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses theoretical basics for organising the work and interaction of di˙erent specialists helping children with learning diÿculties (teachers, counsellors, therapists). The multivector model of the zone of proximal development based on cultural-historical psychology and developed in the theoretical framework of Reﬂection-Activity approach is proposed as such basic value. We connect di˙erent types of help to various developmen-tal vectors and regard them as technologies to enhancing the client’s development. We reveal the contents of such notions as cooperation, zone of proximal development, agency, reﬂection, and problem’s epicentre. We present di˙erent ways of operationalizing these notions applied to aiding children with learning diÿculties. The notion of dual resource we propose is important for developing new techniques of working in the zone of proximal development; it is this basis certain technologies of organising the client’s reﬂection are relying on. We give examples of counselling children in such way and present a com-parative analysis of the counsellor’s work with action schemas and cognitive-behavioural therapist’s work with problematic emotional states and behaviours in children with learn-ing diÿculties. The theoretic system we disclose helps to comprehend the famous quote from Lev Vygotsky: “one step in learning may signify a hundred steps in development”.
Play and Toy in the frame of Cultural-Historical Psychology
Authors: Smirnova Elena O
Published: April 2021

The intention of this paper is to show the speciﬁc of L. S. Vygotsky’s approach to child play and toy as the tool of play. Vygotsky paid special attention to pretend play the essence of which consists in a divergence of the imagined and real situation. Such play promotes the development imagination, thinking, self-control, voluntary behavior, self-awareness, social interrelationship, emotional intelligence. The main tools of a children play are toys. Functions and characteristics of toys are presented. It is indicated that the good toys should be open for various actions and the ideas of the child. However the majority of modern toys are equipped with technical devices which don’t allow the child to show his/her own activity. Playing with such toys comes down to a putting buttons that unlike a pretend play doesn’t develop the abilities in the child. Tech toys, and electronic games present a new developmental situation and it is necessary to study the impact this kind of activities have on the development of young children. In the last part of article criteria of psychological examination of toys are presented.
A. Beck’s Cognitive Psychotherapy and L. S. Vygotsky’s Cultural - Historical Psychology
Authors: B. Kholmogorova Alla
Published: April 2021

Last year was celebrated by the international professional community as the 95th jubilee of Aaron Beck - founder of one of the most authoritative branches of modern psychotherapy, the inﬂuence of which on the sphere of modern mental healthcare can be compared with the value of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis in the last century. Developmental psychologists celebrate one more anniversary last year - 120 years since the birth of the creator of cultural-historical psychology, founder of Moscow psychological school - Lev S. Vygotsky, who was called “the Mozart in psychology” by a famous British philosopher and methodologist working in the USA Tulmin (1981). Mozart discovered a new epoch in music and died at the prime of creative life - sick, poor and lonely. L. S. Vygotsky in the same way made a revolution in the psychology of the last century and died at the age of 37, persecuted and rejected by the oÿcial Stalinist science, in isolation from the international community.
Elaboration of Cultural-Historical Approach in Developmental and Clinical Psychology: Tendencies and Levels of Analysis
Authors: Burlakova Natalia , Oleshkevich Valery
Published: April 2021

The research was focused on the following opportunities of further development of L. S. Vy-gotsky’s cultural-historical approach: 1) further analysis of symbolic mediation methods of mental activity in socially and culturally stratiﬁed modern society and 2) cultural-historical analysis use in research of theories and conceptual apparat of clinical psychology. Drawing on performed research, we argue that psychological knowledge should be analyzed in the context of its cultural-historical formation. The application of cultural-historical analysis in di˙erent levels provides an opportunity to extend the methodology used for empirical research including research of certain clinical case. We’ve developed the integrated cultural-historical approach that combines the ideas of L. S. Vygotsky and M. M. Bakhtin complementing psychology of interiorization with psychology of exteriorization. To develop further, modern cultural-historical psychol-ogy needs to extend the “experience” concept and to integrate the experience of depth psychology, inasmuch as an individual develops within the culture, which means, that development is closely related with language and should be analyzed in the context of language and voice dialogues as fundamental conditions of psychological development. Thereby, mental activity is dialogical in its structure – it does not only evolve in dialogue, but is a dialogue at the root as well. Performed research proves L. S. Vygotsky’s idea that normal and abnormal development goes in accordance with the same rules. Moreover, normal and abnormal phenomena intertwine in the midst of empirical development of an individual. Historically divergent phenomena provided an opportunity for extension of normal consciousness that places developmental psychology and pathopsychology in the global phenomenological and historical context of analysis.
Development of constructive response to frustration in adolescence using arts-based approaches
Authors: Yangicher Elena
Published: April 2021

The article focuses on the problem of the emotional development constructive response in adolescence, which is of increasing relevance within the context of the rise in negative social manifestations, changes in social situation of development. The aim of this research is to formulate a constructive response model’s development to adolescent frustration from socially advantaged and disadvantaged groups using art-based approaches (speciﬁcally art therapy) combined with traditional psychological tests and modeling experiments. The study draws on the concepts of L. S. Vygotsky about the peculiarities of adolescents’ mental development and the role of this period in the formation of personality, as well as various aspects of a˙ect and needs development in childhood (L. I. Bozhovich). The study considers the position of mental states as a particular psychological category and their (states) integrating function, conception of the regulation of mental states (N. D. Levitov), theoretical and experimental development for the diagnosis, management, and directed formation of the mental states (Yu. B. Nekrasova) as well as the concept of experiencing (“perezhivanie”) as described by F. E. Vasilyuk. A range of methods, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in the study: video observation (outlined in the protocols); mathematical statistics; tests and modeling experiments. Experimental studies were carried out over a duration of ﬁve years within three di˙erent types of schools in the region of Moscow (n= 203, aged 13-15). One conclusion of the experimental studies, the author‘s program was implemented in a number of educational institutions in Moscow and other regions in Russia.
La formation de la pensée critique revisitée par l’approche historico-culturelle
Authors: Panissal Nathalie , Bernard Marie-Claude
Published: April 2021

Dans un monde problématique, expertise scientifique incluse, les citoyens et citoyennes sont confrontés à de multiples difficultés auxquelles ils doivent faire face en mobilisant leur vigilance critique. Cet article répond à l’appel à la formation critique en présentant deux paradigmes. Premièrement celui qui a cherché à caractériser la pensée critique en identifiant les processus cognitifs impliqués. Trois angles théoriques y sont abordés : psychologique, philosophique et éducatif. Deuxièmement, le paradigme éducatif issu de l’approche historico-culturelle examine la proposition d’une pensée critique revisitée. Après avoir brossé les lignes de l’approche historico-culturelle, des propositions éducatives situés dans ce sillon seront présentées : les démarches d’enquête, des démarches de terrain dans l’apprentissage situé et en contexte, et l’apprentissage expansif. Elles nous semblent des voies prometteuses pour sortir des chemins battus empruntés fréquemment dans la visée de formation à la pensée critique. Au lieu de mettre l’emphase sur l’entrainement à la résolution de problèmes en convoquant des processus cognitifs assimilés à une « boîte à outil » individuelle, ces propositions permettent un regard sur la formation d’une pensée critique socialement ancrée apte à embrasser les problèmes complexes et inédits du monde actuel.
STEM CONCEPT IN THE WORK OF THE MATERIALS RESEARCH GROUPS OF THE SMALL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Authors: Hulai O. I.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to STEM-direction, which gained world recognition as one of the main modern reformative tendencies in the natural and technical education field. The experience of cooperation between the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Lutsk National Technical University in the field of extracurricular education is presented in the article. The materials science research program provides an integration of the content and methodology of the natural sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics, and logical thinking into collaboration and research. The purpose of the curriculum is to develop key and subject competencies of individual by means of scientific research in materials science. Doubtless advantage of the group is a possibility of doing numerous experiments related to the study of the structure and properties of substances and materials. Classes in the materials research group are aimed at developing the ability to analyze the tasks set, apply the acquired knowledge in practice, give the opportunity to formulate the experience, its implementation and processing of the obtained results. Presentations of scientific achievements at competitions develop students’ creative abilities and practical skills. It is established that the STEM approach to after-school learning promotes the effective development of scientific and technical creativity of students. Cooperation of Technical University and Small Academy of Sciences promotes the development of key and subject pupils competencies, the deepening of their knowledge and the development of new skills, professional self-determination. A significant argument for the efficiency is the numerous victories of pupils at competitions of scientific and technical creativity of students, such as “Intel-Eco”, “Intel-Techno”, “Future of Ukraine”, “Crystals”, competition-defense of scientific works of the Academy of Sciences.
Lithium extraction from associated waters on the example of Orenburg OGCF
Authors: Bandaletova A. A. , Gavrilov A. Y. , Galin E. V.
Published: April 2021

The state of the mineral resource base of hydrocarbons in recent years has been characterized by a decrease in proven reserves and extremely low rates of their reproduction. In Western Siberia, as in other oil-bearing provinces of Russia, economically profitable oil reserves are decreasing. It is obvious that the development of the fuel and energy complex is becoming more focused on the development of hard-to-recover reserves, which account for almost 2/3 of the proven oil reserves. Technologies for the extraction of such raw materials are characterized by higher capital costs, which requires the search for new ways to increase the profitability of projects. One of these areas is the extraction of metals from the associated water of oil and gas fields. In this paper, the possibility of using the technology for extracting lithium from the associated waters of the Orenburg oil and gas condensate field is evaluated, and the boundary conditions for the implementation of this technology are determined.
New approaches to assessing the impact of stable condensate on the main indicators of marketable oil on the example of the “Novy Port” oil and gas condensate field
Authors: Zamanov I. M. , Afanasyev P. N. , Kim A. V. , Vershinin S. A. , Blyablyas A. N.
Published: April 2021

This article reflects the main points of the influence of light hydrocarbons on the physicochemical composition and properties of marketable oil of the Novy Port oil and gas condensate field, describes the uncertainties that should be taken into account by the time gas reserves are involved. For a specific task, the risks of influencing the key indicator according to GOST R – 51858-2002 (saturated vapor pressure) were removed. For the first time, a shift of the critical point of paraffin formation has been revealed. The result of the work will be the predicted behavior of the fluid when gas reserves are involved, as well as a decrease in energy consumption for heating the pipeline of external transport, an increase in the cleanup period, a decrease in the specific energy consumption (specific energy consumption) of pumping equipment, as a result – a decrease in operating costs.
Uncertainties in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) emission inventory of greenhouse gases
Authors: Solazzo Efisio , Crippa Monica , Guizzardi Diego , Muntean Marilena , Choulga Margarita , Janssens-Maenhout Greet
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) estimates the human-induced emission rates on Earth. EDGAR collaborates with atmospheric modelling activities and aids policy in the design of mitigation strategies and in evaluating their effectiveness. In these applications, the uncertainty estimate is an essential component, as it quantifies the accuracy and qualifies the level of confidence in the emission. This study complements the EDGAR emissions inventory by providing an estimation of
the structural uncertainty stemming from its base components (activity data, AD,
statistics and emission factors, EFs) by (i) associating uncertainty to each AD and EF characterizing the emissions of the three main greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O); (ii) combining them; and (iii) making assumptions regarding the cross-country uncertainty aggregation of source categories. It was deemed a natural choice to obtain the uncertainties in EFs and AD statistics
from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines issued
in 2006 (with a few exceptions), as the EF and AD sources and
methodological aspects used by EDGAR have been built over the years based on the IPCC recommendations, which assured consistency in time and
comparability across countries. On the one hand, the homogeneity of the
method is one of the key strengths of EDGAR, on the other hand, it
facilitates the propagation of uncertainties when similar emission sources
are aggregated. For this reason, this study aims primarily at addressing the aggregation of uncertainties' sectorial emissions across GHGs and countries. Globally, we find that the anthropogenic emissions covered by EDGAR for the
combined three main GHGs for the year 2015 are accurate within an interval
of −15 % to +20 % (defining the 95 % confidence of a log-normal distribution). The most uncertain emissions are those related to N2O from waste and agriculture, while CO2 emissions, although responsible for 74 % of the total GHG emissions, account for approximately 11 % of global uncertainty share. The sensitivity to methodological choices is also discussed.
Retrievals of dust-related particle mass and ice-nucleating particle concentration profiles with ground-based polarization lidar and sun photometer over a central China megacity
Authors: He Yun , Zhang Yunfei , Liu Fuchao , Yin Zhenping , Yi Yang , Zhan Yifan , Yi Fan
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The POLIPHON (Polarization Lidar Photometer Networking) method is a powerful pathway to retrieve the height profiles of dust-related particle mass and ice-nucleating particles (INP) concentrations. The conversion factors fitted from the sun photometer observation data are the major part of the POLIPHON computations, which can convert the polarization-lidar-derived dust extinction coefficients into the dust-related particle mass and INP concentrations. For a central China megacity Wuhan (30.5° N, 114.4° E), located at the downstream area several thousands of kilometers far away from the source regions of Asian dust, dust particles always mix with other aerosols from local emission. Therefore, very few dust case data sets can be available when using the column-integrated Ångström exponent (for 440–870 nm) < 0.3 and aerosol optical depth (at 532 nm) > 0.1 recorded by sun photometer as the filtering criteria. Instead, we present another dust-case data-set screening scheme that applies the simultaneous polarization lidar observation to verify the occurrence of dust. Based on the 33 dust-intrusion days identified during 2011–2013, the extinction-to-volume (cv,d) and extinction-to-large particle (with radius > 250 nm) number concentration (c250,d) conversion factors are determined to be 0.52 × 10−12 Mm m3 m−3 and 0.11 Mm cm−3, respectively. They are both smaller than those observed at Lanzhou SACOL (36.0° N, 104.1° E), a site closer to the Gobi Desert, due to the partial dust sedimentation during transport. The conversion factors are applied in a dust event in Wuhan to reveal the typical dust-related INP concentration over East Asia city. The proposed dust-case data-set screening scheme may potentially be extended to the other polluted city sites more influenced by mixed dust.