bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coherent band excitations in CePd
3
: A comparison of neutron scattering and ab initio theory
Authors: Goremychkin Eugene A. , Park Hyowon , Osborn Raymond , Rosenkranz Stephan , Castellan John-Paul , Fanelli Victor R. , Christianson Andrew D. , Stone Matthew B. , Bauer Eric D. , McClellan Kenneth J. , Byler Darrin D. , Lawrence Jon M.
Published: January 2018

Neutrons peek into f-electron bands

Neutron scattering can be used to tease out the details of collective magnetic excitations that yield well-defined peaks in the data. In principle, it could also be used to look into single-electron band excitations, but collecting enough data to capture broad distributions of intensity is tricky. Goremychkin
et al.
used neutron spectrometers that could efficiently capture a large amount of data by rotating the sample, a crystal of the intermediatevalence compound CePd
3
(see the Perspective by Georges). The measured dynamical magnetic susceptibility, in combination with detailed ab initio calculations, showed the formation of coherent f-electron bands at low temperatures.

Science
, this issue p.
186
; see also p.
162
Transferrin receptor 1 is a reticulocyte-specific receptor for
Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Gruszczyk Jakub , Kanjee Usheer , Chan Li-Jin , Menant Sébastien , Malleret Benoit , Lim Nicholas T. Y. , Schmidt Christoph Q. , Mok Yee-Foong , Lin Kai-Min , Pearson Richard D. , Rangel Gabriel , Smith Brian J. , Call Melissa J. , Weekes Michael P. , Griffin Michael D. W. , Murphy James M. , Abraham Jonathan , Sriprawat Kanlaya , Menezes Maria J. , Ferreira Marcelo U. , Russell Bruce , Renia Laurent , Duraisingh Manoj T. , Tham Wai-Hong
Published: January 2018

Vivax malaria host receptor

Human malaria is caused by half a dozen species of
Plasmodium
protozoan parasites, each with distinctive biology.
P. vivax
, which causes relapsing malaria, specifically parasitizes immature red blood cells called reticulocytes. Gruszczyk
et al.
identified TfR1 (host transferrin receptor 1) as an alternative receptor for
P. vivax
. TfR1 binds to a specific
P. vivax
surface protein. However, the parasite that causes cerebral malaria,
P. falciparum
, does not share TfR1 as a receptor:
P. falciparum
could still infect cells in which TfR1 expression was knocked down, but
P. vivax
could not. Monoclonal antibodies to the
P. vivax
protein successfully hindered
P. vivax
infection of red blood cells.

Science
, this issue p.
48
Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal
Authors: Wu Sanfeng , Fatemi Valla , Gibson Quinn D. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Cava Robert J. , Jarillo-Herrero Pablo
Published: January 2018

Heating up the quantum spin Hall effect

Taking practical advantage of the topologically protected conducting edge states of topological insulators (TIs) has proven difficult. Semiconductor systems that have been identified as two-dimensional TIs must be cooled down to near liquid helium temperatures to bring out their topological character. Wu
et al.
fabricated a heterostructure consisting of a monolayer of WTe
2
placed between two layers of hexagonal boron nitride and found that its topological properties persisted up to a relatively high temperature of 100 K. Engineering this so-called quantum spin Hall effect in a van der Waals heterostructure makes it possible to apply many established experimental tools and functionalities.

Science
, this issue p.
76
Ordered macro-microporous metal-organic framework single crystals
Authors: Shen Kui , Zhang Lei , Chen Xiaodong , Liu Lingmei , Zhang Daliang , Han Yu , Chen Junying , Long Jilan , Luque Rafael , Li Yingwei , Chen Banglin
Published: January 2018

Mesoporous metal-organic frameworks

The diffusion limitations on gas storage and catalytic reaction of microporous materials can often be overcome if they are incorporated into a mesoporous structure with much larger pores. Shen
et al.
grew ordered arrays of microcrystals of the ZIF-8 metal-organic framework, in which zinc ions are bridged by 2-methylimidazole linkers, inside a porous polystyrene template. These materials showed higher reaction rates for the Knoevenagel reaction between benzaldehydes and malononitriles and better catalyst recyclability.

Science
, this issue p.
206
Hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic actuators with muscle-like performance
Authors: Acome E. , Mitchell S. K. , Morrissey T. G. , Emmett M. B. , Benjamin C. , King M. , Radakovitz M. , Keplinger C.
Published: January 2018

Liquids show their strength

Dielectric elastomer actuators are electrically powered muscle mimetics that offer high actuation strain and high efficiency but are limited by failure caused by high electric fields and aging. Acome
et al.
used a liquid dielectric, rather than an elastomeric polymer, to solve a problem of catastrophic failure in dielectric elastomer actuators. The dielectric's liquid nature allowed it to self-heal—something that would not be possible with a solid dielectric. The approach allowed the authors to exploit electrostatic and hydraulic forces to achieve muscle-like contractions in a powerful but delicate gripper.

Science
, this issue p.
61
The contact sport of rough surfaces
Authors: Carpick Robert W.
Published: January 2018

Approximate models of interacting surfaces competed against a supercomputer solution
Precision medicine using microbiota
Authors: Jobin Christian
Published: January 2018

Intestinal microbiota influence cancer patient responses to immunotherapy
Inactivating mutations in Drosha mediate vascular abnormalities similar to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Jiang Xuan , Wooderchak-Donahue Whitney L. , McDonald Jamie , Ghatpande Prajakta , Baalbaki Mai , Sandoval Melissa , Hart Daniel , Clay Hilary , Coughlin Shaun , Lagna Giorgio , Bayrak-Toydemir Pinar , Hata Akiko
Published: January 2018

The microRNA processing enzyme Drosha is required for blood vessel formation.
RNase III Domain of KREPB9 and KREPB10 Association with Editosomes in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Carnes Jason , McDermott Suzanne M. , Stuart Kenneth
Published: January 2018

Trypanosoma brucei
is a protozoan parasite that causes African sleeping sickness. U insertion/deletion RNA editing in
T. brucei
generates mature mitochondrial mRNAs. Editing is essential for survival in mammalian hosts and tsetse fly vectors and is differentially regulated during the parasite life cycle. Three multiprotein “editosomes,” typified by exclusive RNase III endonucleases that act at distinct sites, catalyze editing. Here, we show that editosome accessory proteins KREPB9 and KREPB10 are not essential for mammalian blood- or insect-form parasite survival but have specific and differential effects on edited RNA abundance in different stages. We also characterize KREPB9 and KREPB10 noncatalytic RNase III domains and show they are essential for editosome association, potentially via dimerization with RNase III domains in other editosome proteins. This work enhances the understanding of distinct editosome and accessory protein functions, and thus differential editing, during the parasite life cycle and highlights the importance of RNase III domain interactions to editosome architecture.
Epixylic vegetation abundance, diversity, and composition vary with coarse woody debris decay class and substrate species in boreal forest
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Chen Han Y.H. , Thomas Sean C. , Shahi Chander
Published: January 2018

Although the importance of coarse woody debris (CWD) to understory species diversity has been recognized, the combined effects of CWD decay and substrate species on abundance and species diversity of epixylic vegetation have received little attention. We sampled a wide range of CWD substrate species and decay classes, as well as forest floors in fire-origin boreal forest stands. Percent cover, species richness, and evenness of epixylic vegetation differed significantly with both CWD decay class and substrate species. Trends in cover, species richness, and evenness differed significantly between nonvascular and vascular taxa. Cover, species richness, and species evenness of nonvascular species were higher on CWD, whereas those of vascular plants were higher on the forest floor. Epixylic species composition also varied significantly with stand ages, overstory compositions, decay classes, substrate species, and their interactions. Our findings highlight strong interactive influences of decay class and substrate species on epixylic plant communities and suggest that conservation of epixylic diversity would require forest managers to maintain a diverse range of CWD decay classes and substrate species. Because stand development and overstory compositions influence CWD decay classes and substrate species, as well as colonization time and environmental conditions in the understory, our results indicate that managed boreal landscapes should consist of a mosaic of different successional stages and a broad suite of overstory types to support diverse understory plant communities.
Characterization of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) Dof transcription factors in floral development and abiotic stress responses
Authors: Cheng Zhanchao , Hou Dan , Liu Jun , Li Xiangyu , Xie Lihua , Ma Yanjun , Gao Jian
Published: January 2018

The Dof transcription factor (TF) family belongs to a class of plant-specific TFs and is involved in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stresses. However, there are only very limited reports on the characterization of Dof TFs in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). In the present research, PheDof TFs showed specific expression profiles based on RNA-seq data analyses. The co-expression network indicated that PheDof12, PheDof14, and PheDof16 might play vital roles during flower development. Cis-regulatory element analysis of these PheDof genes suggested diverse functions. Expression patterns of 12 selected genes from seven different classes under three abiotic stresses (cold, salt, and drought) are further investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. This work will provide useful information for functional analysis and regulation mechanisms of Dof TFs in moso bamboo.
Geometric aspects of interpolating gauge-fixing in Chern–Simons theory
Authors: Gallot Laurent , Mathieu Philippe , Pilon Éric , Thuillier Frank
Published: January 2018

In this paper we investigate an interpolating gauge-fixing procedure in (4l + 3)-dimensional Abelian Chern–Simons theory. We show that this interpolating gauge is related to the covariant gauge in a constant anisotropic metric. We compute the corresponding propagators involved in various expressions of the linking number in various gauges. We comment on the geometric interpretations of these expressions, clarifying how to pass from one interpretation to another.
Pair creation of neutral Dirac particle in (1 + 2)d noncommutative spacetime
Authors: Hamil B.
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we study the influence of the noncommutativity on the pairs creation of neutral particle–antiparticle in (1 + 2)d. Using the Seiberg–Witten maps, the modified Euler–Lagrange field equations up to first-order in the noncommutativity, parameter [Formula: see text] is obtained and the Nikishov method based on Bogoliubov transformation is applied to calculate the density number of created neutral fermions. It is shown that the noncommutativity amplifies the density number N. In addition, when [Formula: see text], we obtain the known results corresponding to the undeformed quantum fields.
Groundwater monitoring of the deep aquifer for the construction phase of the Crossrail project
Authors: Lawrence U. , Menkiti C. O. , Black M.
Published: January 2018

The Crossrail project is a new underground railway through the heart of London. It will connect with 110 km of new or upgraded sections of surface rail to Reading, Shenfield and Abbey Wood. The route runs through typical London Basin geology. Ground investigations began during the 1990s and continued to 2012. A total of 1314 groundwater monitoring devices were installed and monitored at regular intervals. The groundwater monitoring strategy adopted by the project in preparation for and during construction included (1) establishment of a robust baseline and system for measuring changes to the baseline, (2) establishment of a series of sentinel wells to monitor any possible migration of third-party contamination sources and provide advance warning for construction dewatering sites and (3) performance of pumping tests. The sentinel wells were located to provide sufficient time to allow mitigation measures to be put into place without cessation of construction dewatering, thereby minimizing risk to the project. The pumping tests were carried out to demonstrate constructability, aid in the design of construction dewatering systems and provide support for the consent submissions on the impact of dewatering. Instrumentation was transferred to, and monitored by, the construction contractors but data were collated centrally by Crossrail. Contractors added their own instruments located either within or immediately adjacent to the structure to confirm dewatering levels or risk of base heave. The data were used for regular reporting to the Environment Agency in support of the dewatering permits and ensuring no interruption of supply to licensed abstractors.
Repair of FPGA-Based Real-Time Systems With Variable Slacks
Authors: Pereira-Santos Leonardo , Nazar Gabriel Luca , Carro Luigi
Published: January 2018

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) based on SRAM cells are an attractive alternative for real-time system designers, as they offer high density, low cost, and high performance. The use of SRAM cells in the FPGA’s configuration memory, while enabling these desirable characteristics, also creates a reliability hazard as RAM cells are susceptible to single-event upsets (SEUs). The usual approach is the use of double or triple redundancy allied with a correction mechanism, such as periodic scrubbing. Although scrubbing is an effective technique to remove SEU-induced errors, the repair of real-time systems presents specific challenges, such as avoiding failures by missing real-time deadlines. In this article, a novel approach is proposed to use a deadline-aware scrubbing scheme with negligible area costs that dynamically chooses the scrubbing starting position. Such a scheme allows us to avoid missing real-time deadlines while maximizing the repair probability given a bounded repair time. Our approach reduces the failure rate, considering the probability of missing deadlines due to faults, by 33.39% on average, with an average area cost of 1.23%.
Experience
Authors: Koh Kyu Han , Fouh Eric , Farghally Mohammed F. , Shahin Hossameldin , Shaffer Clifford A.
Published: January 2018

We present lessons learned related to data collection and analysis from 5 years of experience with the eTextbook system OpenDSA. The use of such cyberlearning systems is expanding rapidly in both formal and informal educational settings. Although the precise issues related to any such project are idiosyncratic based on the data collection technology and goals of the project, certain types of data collection problems will be common. We begin by describing the nature of the data transmitted between the student’s client machine and the database server, and our initial database schema for storing interaction log data. We describe many problems that we encountered, with the nature of the problems categorized as syntactic-level data collection issues, issues with relating events to users, or issues with tracking users over time. Relating events to users and tracking the time spent on tasks are both prerequisites to converting syntactic-level interaction streams to semantic-level behavior needed for higher-order analysis of the data. Finally, we describe changes made to our database schema that helped to resolve many of the issues that we had encountered. These changes help advance our ultimate goal of encouraging a change from ineffective learning behavior by students to more productive behavior.
Human EndoC-βH1 β-cells form pseudoislets with improved glucose sensitivity and enhanced GLP-1 signaling in the presence of islet-derived endothelial cells
Authors: Spelios Michael G. , Afinowicz Lauren A. , Tipon Regine C. , Akirav Eitan M.
Published: January 2018

Three-dimensional (3D) pseudoislets (PIs) can be used for the study of insulin-producing β-cells in free-floating islet-like structures similar to that of primary islets. Previously, we demonstrated the ability of islet-derived endothelial cells (iECs) to induce PIs using murine insulinomas, where PI formation enhanced insulin production and glucose responsiveness. In this report, we examined the ability of iECs to spontaneously induce the formation of free-floating 3D PIs using the EndoC-βH1 human β-cell line murine MS1 iEC. Within 14 days, the coculturing of both cell types produced fully humanized EndoC-βH1 PIs with little to no contaminating murine iECs. The size and shape of these PIs were similar to primary human islets. iEC-induced PIs demonstrated reduced dysregulated insulin release under low glucose levels and higher insulin secretion in response to high glucose and exendin-4 [a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog] compared with monolayer cells cultured alone. Interestingly, iEC-PIs were also better at glucose sensing in the presence of extendin-4 compared with PIs generated on a low-adhesion surface plate in the absence of iECs and showed an overall improvement in cell viability. iEC-induced PIs exhibited increased expression of key genes involved in glucose transport, glucose sensing, β-cell differentiation, and insulin processing, with a concomitant decrease in glucagon mRNA expression. The enhanced responsiveness to exendin-4 was associated with increased protein expression of GLP-1 receptor and phosphokinase A. This rapid coculture system provides an unlimited number of human PIs with improved insulin secretion and GLP-1 responsiveness for the study of β-cell biology.
Cardiac vanilloid receptor-1 afferent depletion enhances stellate ganglion neuronal activity and efferent sympathetic response to cardiac stress
Authors: Yoshie Koji , Rajendran Pradeep S. , Massoud Louis , Kwon OhJin , Tadimeti Vasudev , Salavatian Siamak , Ardell Jeffrey L. , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Ajijola Olujimi A.
Published: January 2018

Afferent fibers expressing the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) channel have been implicated in cardiac nociception; however, their role in modulating reflex responses to cardiac stress is not well understood. We evaluated this role in Yorkshire pigs by percutaneous epicardial application of resiniferatoxin (RTX), a toxic activator of the VR1 channel, resulting in the depletion of cardiac VR1-expressing afferents. Hemodynamics, epicardial activation recovery intervals, and in vivo activity of stellate ganglion neurons (SGNs) were recorded in control and RTX-treated animals. Stressors included inferior vena cava or aortic occlusion and rapid right ventricular pacing (RVP) to induce dyssynchrony and ischemia. In the epicardium, stellate ganglia, and dorsal root ganglia, immunostaining for the VR1 channel, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and substance P was significantly diminished by RTX. RTX-treated animals exhibited higher basal systolic blood pressures and contractility than control animals. Reflex responses to epicardial bradykinin and capsaicin were mitigated by RTX. Cardiovascular reflex function, as assessed by inferior vena cava or aortic occlusion, was similar in RTX-treated versus control animals. RTX-treated animals exhibited resistance to hemodynamic collapse induced by RVP. Activation recovery interval shortening during RVP, a marker of cardiac sympathetic outflow, was greater in RTX-treated animals and exhibited significant delay in returning to baseline values after cessation of RVP. The basal firing rate of SGNs and firing rates in response to RVP were also greater in RTX-treated animals, as was the SGN network activity in response to cardiac stressors. These data suggest that elimination of cardiac nociceptive afferents reorganizes the central-peripheral nervous system interaction to enhance cardiac sympathetic outflow.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our work demonstrates a role for cardiac vanilloid receptor-1-expressing afferents in reflex processing of cardiovascular stress. Current understanding suggests that elimination of vanilloid receptor-1 afferents would decrease reflex cardiac sympathetic outflow. We found, paradoxically, that sympathetic outflow to the heart is instead enhanced at baseline and during cardiac stress.
Dynamic Analysis of Timoshenko Beam with Arbitrary Constraints and a Further Optimization Based on Least Energy Principle
Authors: Zhang Xiayang , Zhu Ming , Wu Zhe , Zhao Meijuan
Published: January 2018

Based on Timoshenko’s beam theory, this paper adopts segmented strategy in establishing the governing equations of a multibeam system subjected to various boundary conditions, in which free, clamped, hinged, and elastic constraints are considered. Meanwhile, Galerkin method is incorporated as a competitive alternative, in which a new set of unified, efficient, and reliable trial functions are proposed. A further optimization in regard to boundary distributions under forces is implemented and established on the least absorbed energy principle. High agreement is observed between the analytical results and the FEM results, verifying the correctness of the derivations. Complete comparisons between the analytical and the numerical results indicate the Galerkin method is beneficial when slender ratio is larger than 30, in which the continuity of the deformation is proved to be a crucial influencing factor. A modified numerical strategy about optimal boundary is employed and the remarks imply the algorithm can be availably used to reduce the energy absorption of the whole system.
A Novel Interpretation for Arterial Pulse Pressure Amplification in Health and Disease
Authors: Alfonso Manuel R. , Armentano Ricardo L. , Cymberknop Leandro J. , Ghigo Arthur R. , Pessana Franco M. , Legnani Walter E.
Published: January 2018

Arterial pressure waves have been described in one dimension using several approaches, such as lumped (Windkessel) or distributed (using Navier-Stokes equations) models. An alternative approach consists of modeling blood pressure waves using a Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and representing pressure waves as combinations of solitons. This model captures many key features of wave propagation in the systemic network and, in particular, pulse pressure amplification (PPA), which is a mechanical biomarker of cardiovascular risk. The main objective of this work is to compare the propagation dynamics described by a KdV equation in a human-like arterial tree using acquired pressure waves. Furthermore, we analyzed the ability of our model to reproduce induced elastic changes in PPA due to different pathological conditions. To this end, numerical simulations were performed using acquired central pressure signals from different subject groups (young, adults, and hypertensive) as input and then comparing the output of the model with measured radial artery pressure waveforms. Pathological conditions were modeled as changes in arterial elasticity (E). Numerical results showed that the model was able to propagate acquired pressure waveforms and to reproduce PPA variations as a consequence of elastic changes. Calculated elasticity for each group was in accordance with the existing literature.
On the One-Dimensional Modeling of Vertical Upward Bubbly Flow
Authors: Peña-Monferrer C. , Gómez-Zarzuela C. , Chiva S. , Miró R. , Verdú G. , Muñoz-Cobo J. L.
Published: January 2018

The one-dimensional two-fluid model approach has been traditionally used in thermal-hydraulics codes for the analysis of transients and accidents in water–cooled nuclear power plants. This paper investigates the performance of RELAP5/MOD3 predicting vertical upward bubbly flow at low velocity conditions. For bubbly flow and vertical pipes, this code applies the drift-velocity approach, showing important discrepancies with the experiments compared. Then, we use a classical formulation of the drag coefficient approach to evaluate the performance of both approaches. This is based on the critical Weber criteria and includes several assumptions for the calculation of the interfacial area and bubble size that are evaluated in this work. A more accurate drag coefficient approach is proposed and implemented in RELAP5/MOD3. Instead of using the Weber criteria, the bubble size distribution is directly considered. This allows the calculation of the interfacial area directly from the definition of Sauter mean diameter of a distribution. The results show that only the proposed approach was able to predict all the flow characteristics, in particular the bubble size and interfacial area concentration. Finally, the computational results are analyzed and validated with cross-section area average measurements of void fraction, dispersed phase velocity, bubble size, and interfacial area concentration.
Bridging the Gap between Economic Modelling and Simulation: A Simple Dynamic Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply Model with Matlab
Authors: Gaspar José M.
Published: January 2018

This paper aims to connect the bridge between analytical results and the use of the computer for numerical simulations in economics. We address the analytical properties of a simple dynamic aggregate demand and aggregate supply (AD-AS) model and solve it numerically. The model undergoes a bifurcation as its steady state smoothly interchanges stability depending on the relationship between the impact of real interest rate on demand for liquidity and how fast agents revise their expectations on inflation. Using code embedded into a unique function in Matlab, we plot the numerical solutions of the model and simulate different dynamic adjustments using different parameter values. The same function also accommodates the analysis of the impacts of fiscal and monetary policy and supply side shocks on the steady state and the transition dynamics of the model.
The Controls of Pore-Throat Structure on Fluid Performance in Tight Clastic Rock Reservoir: A Case from the Upper Triassic of Chang 7 Member, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Yunlong , Bao Zhidong , Yang Fei , Mao Shuwei , Song Jian , Jiang Li
Published: January 2018

The characteristics of porosity and permeability in tight clastic rock reservoir have significant difference from those in conventional reservoir. The increased exploitation of tight gas and oil requests further understanding of fluid performance in the nanoscale pore-throat network of the tight reservoir. Typical tight sandstone and siltstone samples from Ordos Basin were investigated, and rate-controlled mercury injection capillary pressure (RMICP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were employed in this paper, combined with helium porosity and air permeability data, to analyze the impact of pore-throat structure on the storage and seepage capacity of these tight oil reservoirs, revealing the control factors of economic petroleum production. The researches indicate that, in the tight clastic rock reservoir, largest throat is the key control on the permeability and potentially dominates the movable water saturation in the reservoir. The storage capacity of the reservoir consists of effective throat and pore space. Although it has a relatively steady and significant proportion that resulted from the throats, its variation is still dominated by the effective pores. A combination parameter (ε) that was established to be as an integrated characteristic of pore-throat structure shows effectively prediction of physical capability for hydrocarbon resource of the tight clastic rock reservoir.
H∞ Control of Coronary Artery Input Time-Delay System via the Free-Matrix-Based Integral Inequality
Authors: Li Sha-sha , Zhao Zhan-shan , Zhang Jing , Sun Jie , Sun Lian-kun
Published: January 2018

The issue of H∞ control for the coronary artery input time-delay system with external disturbance is of concern. To further reduce conservation, we utilize the free-matrix-based integral inequality, Wirtinger-based integral inequality, and reciprocal convex combination approach to construct Lyapunov-Krasovskii function (LKF). Then a sufficient condition for controller design which can guarantee robust synchronization the coronary artery system is represented in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, a numerical example is exploited to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
DNS Tunneling Detection Method Based on Multilabel Support Vector Machine
Authors: Almusawi Ahmed , Amintoosi Haleh
Published: January 2018

DNS tunneling is a method used by malicious users who intend to bypass the firewall to send or receive commands and data. This has a significant impact on revealing or releasing classified information. Several researchers have examined the use of machine learning in terms of detecting DNS tunneling. However, these studies have treated the problem of DNS tunneling as a binary classification where the class label is either legitimate or tunnel. In fact, there are different types of DNS tunneling such as FTP-DNS tunneling, HTTP-DNS tunneling, HTTPS-DNS tunneling, and POP3-DNS tunneling. Therefore, there is a vital demand to not only detect the DNS tunneling but rather classify such tunnel. This study aims to propose a multilabel support vector machine in order to detect and classify the DNS tunneling. The proposed method has been evaluated using a benchmark dataset that contains numerous DNS queries and is compared with a multilabel Bayesian classifier based on the number of corrected classified DNS tunneling instances. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed SVM classification method by obtaining an f-measure of 0.80.
Modification of Potato Starch by Acetylmalic Acid Chloroanhydride and Physicochemical Research of the New Product
Authors: Shulga Oksana , Simurova Natalya , Shulga Sergii , Smirnova Jelyzaveta
Published: January 2018

The article presents the research results of the product’s properties of potato starch modification by acetylmalic acid chloroanhydride. Modification of potato starch has been carried out and has been confirmed by elemental analysis. In the infrared spectra, changes in the frequency oscillations of native starch in the noncharacteristic region have occurred: the frequency of oscillations at 981.81 cm−1 has increased and in the spectrum of modified starch has been at 1024.82 cm−1; the band with frequency of oscillations of 923.07 cm−1 has shifted to 866.66 cm−1, and the band with frequency of oscillations of 609.79 cm−1 has shifted to 672.22 cm−1, indicating the change in noncharacteristic region of the native starch sample after acylation. The properties of obtained modified product have been studied and this modification has appeared to change the shape of moisture and starch bonds, along with decreasing appearance of grains and reduced degree of crystallinity from 12 to 4%.
Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases in Workers: Role of Standard and Advanced Echocardiography
Authors: Capotosto Lidia , Massoni Francesco , De Sio Simone , Ricci Serafino , Vitarelli Antonio
Published: January 2018

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality and consequently early diagnosis is of paramount importance. Working conditions can be regarded as an additional risk factor for CVD. Since different aspects of the job may affect vascular health differently, it is important to consider occupation from multiple perspectives to better assess occupational impacts on health. Standard echocardiography has several targets in the cardiac population, as the assessment of myocardial performance, valvular and/or congenital heart disease, and hemodynamics. Three-dimensional echocardiography gained attention recently as a viable clinical tool in assessing left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function, volume, and shape. Two-dimensional (2DSTE) and, more recently, three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) have also emerged as methods for detection of global and regional myocardial dysfunction in various cardiovascular diseases and applied to the diagnosis of subtle LV and RV dysfunction. Although these novel echocardiographic imaging modalities have advanced our understanding of LV and RV mechanics, overlapping patterns often show challenges that limit their clinical utility. This review will describe the current state of standard and advanced echocardiography in early detection (secondary prevention) of CVD and address future directions for this potentially important diagnostic strategy.
Complex Dynamics in an Evolutionary General Equilibrium Model
Authors: Naimzada Ahmad , Pireddu Marina
Published: January 2018

We propose an exchange economy evolutionary model with discrete time, in which there are two utility-maximizing groups of agents which differ in the preference structure. Assuming an evolutionary mechanism based on the relative utility values realized by the two kinds of agents, we analytically and numerically investigate the existence of equilibria, their stability, and possible phenomena of coexistence between groups, mainly in terms of the heterogeneity degree in the preference structure. We find that our system has two trivial equilibria, at which just one of the two groups is present, and possibly a nontrivial equilibrium, characterized by the coexistence of the two groups of agents. Such nontrivial equilibrium may be stable, attracting all trajectories, or unstable. In the latter case, interesting, periodic, or chaotic, dynamics arise. We prove that the nontrivial equilibrium emerges via a transcritical bifurcation and loses stability via a flip bifurcation, after which the coexistence between groups is oscillatory in nature, presenting a regular or irregular behavior. In order to better investigate the role of the heterogeneity degree parameter, we perform a bifurcation analysis considering different scenarios, characterized by a balanced or unbalanced endowment distribution of the two goods.
QVOA Techniques for Estimation of Fracture Directions
Authors: Sabinin Vladimir
Published: January 2018

Some new computational techniques are suggested for estimating symmetry axis azimuth of fractures in the viscoelastic anisotropic target layer in the framework of QVOA analysis (Quality factor Versus Offset and Azimuth). The different QVOA techniques are compared using synthetic viscoelastic surface reflected data with and without noise. I calculated errors for these techniques which depend on different sets of azimuths and intervals of offsets. Superiority of the high-order “enhanced general” and “cubic” techniques is shown. The high-quality QVOA techniques are compared with one of the high-quality AVOA techniques (Amplitude Versus Offset and Azimuth) in the synthetic data with noise and attenuation. Results are comparable.
Study on Fluid-Rock Interaction and Reuse of Flowback Fluid for Gel Fracturing in Desert Area
Authors: Liang Tianbo , Shao Linjie , Yao Erdong , Zuo Jie , Liu Xiongfei , Zhang Bao , Zhou Fujian
Published: January 2018

Hydraulic fracturing requires a large volume of fresh water, which is difficult and expensive to obtain in the desert area such as Tarim Basin. Currently, flowback fluid is typically transported to the sewage treatment plant and then discharged after reaching environmental requirements; however, this is not only costly, but also a waste of water resource. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the potential interactions between fracturing fluid and reservoir rock, and then find solutions to reuse the flowback water for subsequent fracturing. In this study, once flowback fluid was directly collected from the field, its chemical compositions were analyzed; then, filtering, decoloring, and chelating methods were chosen to effectively remove or shield the unfavorable reintroduced components. Moreover, pH value was further tuned during different stages of the recycling process to ensure good gelation and cross-linking properties of guar. Cross-linked guar synthesized with the flowback fluid was evaluated in the lab through shear resistance tests and coreflood tests under the reservoir conditions; results indicated the recycled gel behaved similarly as the original gel, or even better. From this work, a cheap and effective treatment process was proposed to reuse the flowback fluid in the desert area.
Accelerated Blood Clearance (ABC) Phenomenon Favors the Accumulation of Tartar Emetic in Pegylated Liposomes in BALB/c Mice Liver
Authors: Lopes Tamara C. M. , Silva Débora F. , Costa Walyson C. , Frézard Frédéric , Barichello José M. , Silva-Barcellos Neila M. , Lima Wanderson G. de , Rezende Simone A.
Published: January 2018

Tartar emetic (TE) was the first drug used to treat leishmaniasis. However, its use was discontinued due to high toxicity. Association of TE with liposomes is a strategy to reduce its side effects. Pegylated liposomes (Lpeg) present lower rates of uptake by macrophages and prolonged circulation compared to their nonpegylated counterparts. However, repeated administration of Lpeg can cause an Accelerated Blood Clearance (ABC) phenomenon, whereby recognition of liposomes by antibodies results in faster phagocytosis. This work evaluated the effect of TE administration on histopathological aspects and the effect of the ABC phenomenon on targeting and toxicity in mice. Our results show that treatment with free or liposomal TE had no effect on the erythrocyte count, on liver and spleen weight, and on hepatic, splenic, and cardiac histology in mice. Severe lesions were observed on the kidneys of animals treated with a single dose of free TE. Treatment with TE in Lpeg after induction of ABC phenomenon caused a significant increase in Sb level in the liver without toxicity. Furthermore, mice treated with TE in liposomes showed normal renal histopathology. These results suggest site-specific targeting of Sb to the liver after induction of ABC phenomenon with no toxicity to other organs.
PHD3 Controls Lung Cancer Metastasis and Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors through TGFα
Authors: Dopeso Higinio , Jiao Hui-Ke , Cuesta Angel M. , Henze Anne-Theres , Jurida Liane , Kracht Michael , Acker-Palmer Amparo , Garvalov Boyan K. , Acker Till
Published: January 2018

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, in large part due to its high propensity to metastasize and to develop therapy resistance. Adaptive responses to hypoxia and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are linked to tumor metastasis and drug resistance, but little is known about how oxygen sensing and EMT intersect to control these hallmarks of cancer. Here, we show that the oxygen sensor PHD3 links hypoxic signaling and EMT regulation in the lung tumor microenvironment. PHD3 was repressed by signals that induce EMT and acted as a negative regulator of EMT, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. PHD3 depletion in tumors, which can be caused by the EMT inducer TGFβ or by promoter methylation, enhanced EMT and spontaneous metastasis via HIF-dependent upregulation of the EGFR ligand TGFα. In turn, TGFα stimulated EGFR, which potentiated SMAD signaling, reinforcing EMT and metastasis. In clinical specimens of lung cancer, reduced PHD3 expression was linked to poor prognosis and to therapeutic resistance against EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib. Reexpression of PHD3 in lung cancer cells suppressed EMT and metastasis and restored sensitivity to erlotinib. Taken together, our results establish a key function for PHD3 in metastasis and drug resistance and suggest opportunities to improve patient treatment by interfering with the feedforward signaling mechanisms activated by PHD3 silencing.

Significance: This study links the oxygen sensor PHD3 to metastasis and drug resistance in cancer, with implications for therapeutic improvement by targeting this system. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1805–19. ©2018 AACR.
STAT3/PIAS3 Levels Serve as “Early Signature” Genes in the Development of High-Grade Serous Carcinoma from the Fallopian Tube
Authors: Saini Uksha , Suarez Adrian A. , Naidu Shan , Wallbillich John J. , Bixel Kristin , Wanner Ross A. , Bice Jason , Kladney Raleigh D. , Lester Jenny , Karlan Beth Y. , Goodfellow Paul J. , Cohn David E. , Selvendiran Karuppaiyah
Published: January 2018

The initial molecular events that lead to malignant transformation of the fimbria of the fallopian tube (FT) through high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that increased expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3 Tyr705) and suppression or loss of protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) in FT likely drive HGSC. We evaluated human tissues-benign normal FT, tubal-peritoneal junction (TPJ), p53 signature FT tissue, tubal intraepithelial lesion in transition (TILT), serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) without ovarian cancer, and HGSC for expression of STAT3/PIAS3 (compared with their known TP53 signature) and their target proliferation genes. We observed constitutive activation of STAT3 and low levels or loss of PIAS3 in the TPJ, p53 signature, TILT, and STIC through advanced stage IV (HGSC) tissues. Elevated expression of pSTAT3 Tyr705 and decreased levels of PIAS3 appeared as early as TPJ and the trend continued until very advanced stage HGSC (compared with high PIAS3 and low pSTAT3 expression in normal benign FT). Exogenous expression of STAT3 in FT cells mediated translocation of pSTAT3 and c-Myc into the nucleus. In vivo experiments demonstrated that overexpression of STAT3 in FT secretory epithelial cells promoted tumor progression and metastasis, mimicking the clinical disease observed in patients with HGSC. Thus, we conclude that the STAT3 pathway plays a role in the development and progression of HGSC from its earliest premalignant states.

Significance: Concomitant gain of pSTAT3 Tyr705 and loss of PIAS3 appear critical for initiation and development of high-grade serous carcinoma. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1739–50. ©2018 AACR.
E6 Protein Expressed by High-Risk HPV Activates Super-Enhancers of the EGFR and c-MET Oncogenes by Destabilizing the Histone Demethylase KDM5C
Authors: Chen Xiaohua , Loo Jun Xian , Shi Xin , Xiong Wenjun , Guo Yong , Ke Haiqiang , Yang Mingkun , Jiang Yanping , Xia Siyu , Zhao Min , Zhong Shan , He Chunjiang , Fu Li , Li Feng
Published: January 2018

The high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPV) are causative agents of anogenital tract dysplasia and cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. The HR HPV E6 oncoprotein possesses canonical oncogenic functions, such as p53 degradation and telomerase activation. It is also capable of stimulating expression of several oncogenes, but the molecular mechanism underlying these events is poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that HPV16 E6 physically interacts with histone H3K4 demethylase KDM5C, resulting in its degradation in an E3 ligase E6AP- and proteasome-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that HPV16-positive cancer cell lines exhibited lower KDM5C protein levels than HPV-negative cancer cell lines. Restoration of KDM5C significantly suppressed the tumorigenicity of CaSki cells, an HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell line. Whole genome ChIP-seq and RNA-seq results revealed that CaSki cells contained super-enhancers in the proto-oncogenes EGFR and c-MET. Ectopic KDM5C dampened these super-enhancers and reduced the expression of proto-oncogenes. This effect was likely mediated by modulating H3K4me3/H3K4me1 dynamics and decreasing bidirectional enhancer RNA transcription. Depletion of KDM5C or HPV16 E6 expression activated these two super-enhancers. These results illuminate a pivotal relationship between the oncogenic E6 proteins expressed by HR HPV isotypes and epigenetic activation of super-enhancers in the genome that drive expression of key oncogenes like EGFR and c-MET.

Significance: This study suggests a novel explanation for why infections with certain HPV isotypes are associated with elevated cancer risk by identifying an epigenetic mechanism through which E6 proteins expressed by those isotypes can drive expression of key oncogenes. Cancer Res; 78(6); 1418–30. ©2018 AACR.
The Hippo Pathway Component TAZ Promotes Immune Evasion in Human Cancer through PD-L1
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Helena J. , Azad Taha , Ling Min , Hao Yawei , Snetsinger Brooke , Khanal Prem , Minassian Lori M. , Graham Charles H. , Rauh Michael J. , Yang Xiaolong
Published: January 2018

The Hippo pathway component WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (TAZ) is a transcriptional coactivator and an oncogene in breast and lung cancer. Transcriptional targets of TAZ that modulate immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment are poorly understood. Here, we perform a comprehensive screen for immune-related genes regulated by TAZ and its paralog YAP using NanoString gene expression profiling. We identify the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 as a target of Hippo signaling. The upstream kinases of the Hippo pathway, mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 and 2 (MST1/2), and large tumor suppressor 1 and 2 (LATS1/2), suppress PD-L1 expression while TAZ and YAP enhance PD-L1 levels in breast and lung cancer cell lines. PD-L1 expression in cancer cell lines is determined by TAZ activity and TAZ/YAP/TEAD increase PD-L1 promoter activity. Critically, TAZ-induced PD-L1 upregulation in human cancer cells is sufficient to inhibit T-cell function. The relationship between TAZ and PD-L1 is not conserved in multiple mouse cell lines, likely due to differences between the human and mouse PD-L1 promoters. To explore the extent of divergence in TAZ immune-related targets between human and mouse cells, we performed a second NanoString screen using mouse cell lines. We show that many targets of TAZ may be differentially regulated between these species. These findings highlight the role of Hippo signaling in modifying human/murine physiologic/pathologic immune responses and provide evidence implicating TAZ in human cancer immune evasion.

Significance: Human-specific activation of PD-L1 by a novel Hippo signaling pathway in cancer immune evasion may have a significant impact on research in immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 78(6); 1457–70. ©2018 AACR.