bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of shoulder mobility in women over 60 years of age after one-sided mastectomy
Authors: Włoch Anna , Żak Marek , Opuchlik Anna , Biskup Małgorzata , Fabiś Jarosław
Published: February 2017

The overall risk of contracting various diseases, including breast cancer, increases with age. An on-going process of population ageing challenges modern physiotherapy with the need to have functional capacity in older people appreciably enhanced. The issue of anthropometric assessment of the range of motion and shoulder muscle strength is presently much underrated in the physical rehabilitation management of women patients after radical one-sided mastectomy.

The study aimed to assess the functional mobility of a shoulder expressed as a range of motion, in conjunction with the assessment of shoulder muscle strength, in women patients over 60 years of age after radical one-sided mastectomy.

The study comprised 24 patients (mean age 65 years) recruited from the Department of Rehabilitation, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce. All patients had undergone modifi ed radical mastectomy using the Madden technique, and an adjuvant therapy. The shoulder range of motion, i.e. flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation, was evaluated by a goniometer. Elevation, protraction and retraction movements were evaluated using an anthropometric device. A dynamometer was applied to assess the strength of select muscle groups within the shoulder during elevation, protraction and retraction motions. Statistical analysis was made with the aid of STATISTICA 12.0 software, having adopted a 0.05 alpha level as statistically signifi cant.

The movements of fl exion, abduction and external rotation of the upper extremity were signifi cantly reduced on the mastectomy side. The range of motion and muscle strength during shoulder elevation, protraction and retraction were significantly diminished on the operated side (12% - 14%), compared to the non-operated one.

1. Functional mobility of the shoulder was signifi cantly reduced on the mastectomy side. 2. Results of the present study highlight the need to extend the scope of rehabilitation regimens offered to older women after radical one-sided mastectomy.
Genomic Analysis in the Practice of Surgical Neuropathology: The Emory Experience
Authors: Neill Stewart G. , Saxe Debra F. , Rossi Michael R. , Schniederjan Matthew J. , Brat Daniel J.
Published: February 2017

The evaluation of central nervous system tumors increasingly relies on molecular genetic methods to aid in classification, offer prognostic information, and predict response to therapy. Available assays make it possible to assess genetic losses, amplifications, translocations, mutations, or the expression levels of specific gene transcripts or proteins. Current molecular diagnostics frequently use a panel-based approach and whole genome analysis, and generally rely either on DNA sequencing or on hybridization-based methodologies, such as those used in cytogenomic microarrays. In some cases, immunohistochemistry can be used as a surrogate for genetic analysis when the mutation of interest consistently results in overexpression or underexpression of a known protein product. In surgical neuropathology practice, the diagnostic workup of diffuse gliomas, medulloblastomas, low-grade circumscribed gliomas, as well as other diseases, now routinely incorporates the results of genomic studies. Here we summarize our institution's current approach to diagnostic surgical neuropathology, using these contemporary molecular diagnostic applications.
Las áreas urbanas en la Península Ibérica. Un ejercicio de delimitación
Authors: Miramontes Carballada Ángel , Vieira de Sá Marques Teresa María
Published: February 2017

En la actualidad existe una amplia y diversa variedad de metodologías que permiten el estudio de la delimitación de las áreas urbanas, desarrolladas tanto desde organizaciones como la Unión Europea o individualmente desde cada país. Sin embargo, en este trabajo se exponen los criterios seguidos para identificar y delimitar las áreas urbanas de dos países: España y Portugal. Se trata de un trabajo a escala de la Península Ibérica donde España y Portugal se estudian como un todo. Por lo que el objetivo principal es delimitar de un modo homogéneo y comparable, las áreas urbanas que se encuentran en este territorio del sur de Europa. Las principales fuentes de información utilizadas son publicaciones y estadísticas del Ministerio de Fomento de España, del Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Portugal y de la Comisión Europea.
Degradación de los recursos hídricos en un ambiente semiárido. Las lagunas de Bustillos y de los Mexicanos (Chihuahua, México)
Authors: Amado Álvarez Jesús Pilar , Pérez Cutillas Pedro , Ramírez Valle Orlando , Alarcón Cabañero Juan José
Published: February 2017

En la parte central del estado de Chihuahua (México) se encuentra la cuenca de drenaje que alimenta las lagunas endorreicas de Bustillos, y de los Mexicanos. Estos humedales de especial interés ambiental, se encuentran amenazados por una fuerte presión de actividades humanas. Para este trabajo se han planteado una serie de análisis químicos, físicos y microbiológicos, que determinan unos elevados índices de contaminación en estos hábitats acuáticos. Los resultados han mostrado bajos índices de oxígeno disuelto y elevadas concentraciones en nitratos y bacterias coliformes en el agua. Se ha detectado que las principales fuentes de contaminación de estos recursos hídricos son las actividades agropecuarias, los vertidos de aguas residuales de las áreas urbanas y, en mayor medida, por los desechos de los tratamientos industriales.
Communicative Purpose as Genre Determinant
Authors: Askehave Inger
Published: February 2017

Through the years researchers and LSP teachers alike have used various parameters for classifying texts. This article sets out to discuss the notion of ‘communicative purpose’ as a means for classifying text. It points to some of the difficulties associated with the functional approaches to genre classification in general and the notion of “commu-nicative purpose” in particular.
The computer as prosthesis - Reflections on the use of a metaphor
Authors: Mey Jacob L.
Published: February 2017

The use of metaphors in a computerized setting is not without its problems. Far from being a simple ‘tool’, in the ordinary sense, the computer has a built-in propensity for ‘capturing’ both its maker and its users. One could say that by its very structure, it defies the boundaries set for normal human activity: speed, memory, (co-) presence, interacting, steering, producing, and so on. If we talk about the computer as a ‘pros-thesis’ (one of the most recent metaphors that have been suggested), such talk too, implies a certain attitude towards the prosthetic ‘tool’ The present article examines the various aspects of this particular metaphor and discusses its pros and cons, also with a view towards the newly emerging sub-discipline of Cognitive Technology, CT.
Morphological considerations concerning the nationalisation of medical terms
Authors: Høy Asta
Published: February 2017

The Danish medical terminology, part of which used to be in pure Latin and Greek, is characterized by an increasing degree of nationalisation, due mainly to the decreasing knowledge of the classical languages. At the same time, the terminology is influenced by English, this century’s medical lingua franca. The present situation calls for an overall language policy including both the status and the corpus of the language for medical purposes. Hopefully, the future Danish Medical Language Advisory Board, which has been in the melting pot for a couple of years, will be able to act as a decision-and consensus-maker concerning these questions. In this article, the types of mor-phemes involved in the construction of the so-called neo-classical compounds are considered. Indeed, it may be assumed that a clear view of the morphological charac-teristics of the Danified neo-classical terms, the hybrids, could be a help in connection with setting up some general guidelines for their construction and spelling which might eliminate the confusion now prevailing in the area.
Application of localization to the multivariate moment problem II
Authors: Marshall Murray
Published: February 2017

The paper is a sequel to the paper [5], Math. Scand. 115 (2014), 269--286, by the same author. A new criterion is presented for a PSD linear map $L \colon \mathbb{R}[\underline{x}] \to \mathbb{R}$ to correspond to a positive Borel measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$. The criterion is stronger than Nussbaum's criterion (Ark. Math. 6 (1965), 171--191) and is similar in nature to Schmüdgen's criterion in Marshall [5] and Schmüdgen, Ark. Math. 29 (1991), 277--284. It is also explained how the criterion allows one to understand the support of the associated measure in terms of the non-negativity of $L$ on a quadratic module of $\mathbb{R}[\underline{x}]$. This latter result extends a result of Lasserre, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 365 (2013), 2489--2504. The techniques employed are the same localization techniques employed already in Marshall (Cand. Math. Bull. 46 (2003), 400--418, and [5]), specifically one works in the localization of $\mathbb{R}[\underline{x}]$ at $p = \prod_{i=1}^n(1+x_i^2)$ or $p' = \prod_{i=1}^{n-1}(1+x_i^2)$.
Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Overwintering Under Different Sowing Densities
Authors: Kondić Danijela , Bajić Maja , Knežević Desimir , Hajder Đurađ
Published: February 2017

Wheat overwintering ability affects the final number of plants that are able to continue their growth and development when necessary conditions are established. This research was conducted to study the overwintering ability of winter wheat cultivars (NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka) under different sowing densities during 2013/14 and 2014/15 in agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. Standard agronomic practices for winter wheat were performed. Wheat cultivars were sown manually, under sowing densities with different seed arrangements: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588, and 604 seeds m-2. Counting of wheat plants in both examined years was carried out in the second decade of February. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3, while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The average overwintering plants percentage for all three examined wheat cultivars was 50.06%. Sowing density of 588 seeds m-2 stands out as the density with a tendency of the highest percentage of overwintering plants in both years.
Possible Development of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) on Different Host Plants in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Đurić Zorica , Hrnčić Snježana , Mitrić Siniša , Nikolić Petar
Published: February 2017

Tomato leaf miner – Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) is a serious pest of tomato. A study on possible grown host plants of T. absoluta was conducted during 2015 and 2016 in a greenhouse in the area of Banja Luka (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina - BiH). As host plants the following were used: Solanum lycopersicum – tomato, Solanum tuberosum – potato, Solanum melongena – eggplant and Phaseolus vulgaris – green bean. The plants were placed into entomological cages and exposed to infestation of 10 adults of Tuta absoluta. Feeding damages by all larval instars and the number of developed generations per year at different host plants were observed under greenhouse conditions. The study showed that tomato is a preferable host plant. This paper is the first record of green bean as an incompatible host plant for T. absoluta in BiH.
Rast korjena deset vegetativnih podloga jabuke u dva zemljišna supstrata
Authors: Stojnić Slobodan , Đurić Gordana , Mićić Nikola , Cvetković Miljan , Oljača Rodoljub
Published: February 2017

Rast korjenovog sistema deset vegetativnih podloga jabuke (5 klonova podloge M9: T337; Burgmer 984; Fleuron 56; Pajam®1 Lancep i Pajam®2 Cepiland; Jork 9, Mark (MAC 9), M26, Supporter 4 i MM106) analiziran je u toku 2013. godine u dva modifikovana zemljišna supstrata u kontrolisanom kontejnerskom gajenju. Analiziran je broj, ukupna i prosječna dužina korjenova I poretka kao i ukupan i prosječan broj korjenova II poretka grananja. Rezultati analiza pokazuju da je kod svih ispitivanih podloga ukupna dužina korjena veća u supstratu 2 (kombinacija baštenske zemlje, treseta i pijeska) u odnosu na supstrat 1 (oranični sloj pseudoglejnog zemljišta), osim kod podloga Jork i M9 B984. Broj korjenova II poretka grananja kod svih podloga bio je veći u supstratu 2, osim podloga Jork i Pajam 2. Dobijeni rezultati analize rasta korjena vegetativnih podloga jabuke su prva istraživanja rasta ovih podloga u BiH.
ODREĐIVANJE ZAPRLJANOSTI KOTLOVSKIH CIJEVI U TERMOENERGETSKIM POSTROJENJIMA
Authors: Stojanović Bosiljka
Published: February 2017

Pouzdan rad opreme je prevashodno bitan za svako postrojenje. Jedna od mjera sigurnog radaparnokotlovskih sistema je čistoća cijevi. Vrlo prihvatljiv metod određivanja zaprljanosti cijevi jemetod bajcovanja. U ovom radu je opisano određivanje zaprljanosti kotlovskih cijevi uTermoelektrani Ugljevik nakon decenijskog rada postrojenja.
UPRAVLJANJE HEMIJSKIM I MIKROBIOLOŠKIM KVALITETOM VODE U BAZENIMA ZA KUPANJE I REKREACIJU
Authors: Antonić Bogoljub , Gligorić Miladin , Došić Aleksandar , Vujadinović Dragan , Grujić Ranko , Babić Danijela
Published: February 2017

Korištenje voda za rekreaciju ili liječenje je veoma značajno u održavanju zdravlja iradne sposobnosti stanovništva. Značajan broj ljudi, povremeno ili stalno, koristi u tesvrhe bazene. Zbog toga se danas u razvijenim državama, velika pažnja posvećujekvalitetu voda za rekreaciju. Cilj ovog rada jeste upravljanje bazenima sa aspektaupravljanja hemijskim i mikrobiološkim kvalitetom vode. Razmatranje problema upravljanjahemijskim i mikrobiološkim kvalitetom vode u bazenima bazira se na odgovarajućimPreporukama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije. Retrospektivno-deskriptivna metoda jekorištena da analiziraju rezultati laboratorijskih ispitivanja bazenskih voda na teritorijigrada Banja Luka za 2013. i 2014. godinu. Rezultati sprovedenih analiza pokazali su da sefizička i hemijska neispravnost vode uglavnom odnosi na povećan sadržaj hlorida u vodi,dok mikrobiološka neispravnost uzrokovana je povećanim brojem koliformnih bakterija.
Distinct contributions of the thin and thick filaments to length-dependent activation in heart muscle
Authors: Zhang Xuemeng , Kampourakis Thomas , Yan Ziqian , Sevrieva Ivanka , Irving Malcolm , Sun Yin-Biao
Published: February 2017

The Frank-Starling relation is a fundamental auto-regulatory property of the heart that ensures the volume of blood ejected in each heartbeat is matched to the extent of venous filling. At the cellular level, heart muscle cells generate higher force when stretched, but despite intense efforts the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. We applied a fluorescence-based method, which reports structural changes separately in the thick and thin filaments of rat cardiac muscle, to elucidate that mechanism. The distinct structural changes of troponin C in the thin filaments and myosin regulatory light chain in the thick filaments allowed us to identify two aspects of the Frank-Starling relation. Our results show that the enhanced force observed when heart muscle cells are maximally activated by calcium is due to a change in thick filament structure, but the increase in calcium sensitivity at lower calcium levels is due to a change in thin filament structure.
Phloem unloading in Arabidopsis roots is convective and regulated by the phloem-pole pericycle
Authors: Ross-Elliott Timothy J , Jensen Kaare H , Haaning Katrine S , Wager Brittney M , Knoblauch Jan , Howell Alexander H , Mullendore Daniel L , Monteith Alexander G , Paultre Danae , Yan Dawei , Otero Sofia , Bourdon Matthieu , Sager Ross , Lee Jung-Youn , Helariutta Ykä , Knoblauch Michael , Oparka Karl J
Published: February 2017

In plants, a complex mixture of solutes and macromolecules is transported by the phloem. Here, we examined how solutes and macromolecules are separated when they exit the phloem during the unloading process. We used a combination of approaches (non-invasive imaging, 3D-electron microscopy, and mathematical modelling) to show that phloem unloading of solutes in Arabidopsis roots occurs through plasmodesmata by a combination of mass flow and diffusion (convective phloem unloading). During unloading, solutes and proteins are diverted into the phloem-pole pericycle, a tissue connected to the protophloem by a unique class of ‘funnel plasmodesmata’. While solutes are unloaded without restriction, large proteins are released through funnel plasmodesmata in discrete pulses, a phenomenon we refer to as ‘batch unloading’. Unlike solutes, these proteins remain restricted to the phloem-pole pericycle. Our data demonstrate a major role for the phloem-pole pericycle in regulating phloem unloading in roots.
Inhibition of calcineurin by FK506 stimulates germinal vesicle breakdown of mouse oocytes in hypoxanthine-supplemented medium
Authors: Wang Li , Zhen Yan-Hong , Liu Xiao-Ming , Cao Jing , Wang Yan-Ling , Huo Li-Jun
Published: February 2017

Calcineurin (CN) is a serine/threonine phosphatase which plays important roles in meiosis maturation in invertebrate oocytes; however, the role of CN in mouse oocytes is relatively unexplored. In this study, we examined the expression, localization and functional roles of CN in mouse oocytes and granulosa cells. The RT-PCR results showed that theβisoform of calcineurin A subunit (Cn A) expressed significantly higher thanαandγisoforms, and the expression of Cn AβmRNA obviously decreased in oocytes in which germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurred, while only B1 of calcineurin B subunit (Cn B) was detected in oocytes and stably expressed during oocytes maturation. The following fluorescence experiment showed that Cn A was mainly located in the nucleus of germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes and gruanlosa cells, and subsequently dispersed into the entire cytoplasm after GVBD. The decline of Cn A in oocytes suggested that it may play an important role in GVBD. To further clarify the role of calcineurin during meiotic maturation, FK506 (a calcineurin inhibitor) was used in the culture medium contained hypoxanthine (HX) which could keep mouse oocytes staying at GV stage. As expected, FK506 could induce a significant elevation of GVBD rate and increase the MPF level of denuded oocytes (DOs). Furthermore, FK506 could also play an induction role of GVBD of oocytes in COCs and follicles, and the process could be counteracted by MAPK kinase inhibitor (U0126). Above all, the results implied that calcineurin might play a crucial role in development of mouse oocytes and MPF and MAPK pathways are involved in this process.
Development and validation of a 36-gene sequencing assay for hereditary cancer risk assessment
Authors: Vysotskaia Valentina S. , Hogan Gregory J. , Gould Genevieve M. , Wang Xin , Robertson Alex D. , Haas Kevin R. , Theilmann Mark R. , Spurka Lindsay , Grauman Peter V. , Lai Henry H. , Jeon Diana , Haliburton Genevieve , Leggett Matt , Chu Clement S. , Iori Kevin , Maguire Jared R. , Ready Kaylene , Evans Eric A. , Kang Hyunseok P. , Haque Imran S.
Published: February 2017

The past two decades have brought many important advances in our understanding of the hereditary susceptibility to cancer. Numerous studies have provided convincing evidence that identification of germline mutations associated with hereditary cancer syndromes can lead to reductions in morbidity and mortality through targeted risk management options. Additionally, advances in gene sequencing technology now permit the development of multigene hereditary cancer testing panels. Here, we describe the 2016 revision of the Counsyl Inherited Cancer Screen for detecting single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), short insertions and deletions (indels), and copy number variants (CNVs) in 36 genes associated with an elevated risk for breast, ovarian, colorectal, gastric, endometrial, pancreatic, thyroid, prostate, melanoma, and neuroendocrine cancers. To determine test accuracy and reproducibility, we performed a rigorous analytical validation across 341 samples, including 118 cell lines and 223 patient samples. The screen achieved 100% test sensitivity across different mutation types, with high specificity and 100% concordance with conventional Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). We also demonstrated the screen’s high intra-run and inter-run reproducibility and robust performance on blood and saliva specimens. Furthermore, we showed that pathogenic Alu element insertions can be accurately detected by our test. Overall, the validation in our clinical laboratory demonstrated the analytical performance required for collecting and reporting genetic information related to risk of developing hereditary cancers.
Advanced Materials for Use in Soft Self‐Healing Devices
Authors: Huynh Tan‐Phat , Sonar Prashant , Haick Hossam
Published: February 2017

Devices integrated with self‐healing ability can benefit from long‐term use as well as enhanced reliability, maintenance and durability. This progress report reviews the developments in the field of self‐healing polymers/composites and wearable devices thereof. One part of the progress report presents and discusses several aspects of the self‐healing materials chemistry (from non‐covalent to reversible covalent‐based mechanisms), as well as the required main approaches used for functionalizing the composites to enhance their electrical conductivity, magnetic, dielectric, electroactive and/or photoactive properties. The second and complementary part of the progress report links the self‐healing materials with partially or fully self‐healing device technologies, including wearable sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells and fabrics. Some of the strong and weak points in the development of each self‐healing device are clearly highlighted and criticized, respectively. Several ideas regarding further improvement of soft self‐healing devices are proposed.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Oxygenative Bimolecular Friedel–Crafts‐type Coupling of Ynamides
Authors: Patil Dilip V. , Kim Seung Woo , Nguyen Quynh H. , Kim Hanbyul , Wang Shan , Hoang Tuan , Shin Seunghoon
Published: February 2017

A non‐metal approach for accessing α‐oxo carbene surrogates for a C−C bond‐forming bimolecular coupling between ynamides and nucleophilic arenes was developed. This acid‐catalyzed coupling features mild temperature, which is critical for the required temporal chemoselectivity among nucleophiles. The scope of nucleophiles includes indoles, pyrroles, anilines, phenols and silyl enolethers. Furthermore, a direct test of SN2′ mechanism has been provided by employing chiral N,N′‐dioxides which also enlightens the nature of the intermediates in related metal‐catalyzed processes.
Institutional Constraints, Stakeholder Pressure and Corporate Environmental Reporting Policies
Authors: Gallego‐Alvarez Isabel , Ortas Eduardo , Vicente‐Villardón José Luis , Álvarez Etxeberria Igor
Published: February 2017

Within the theoretical framework of socio‐political economics, and more specifically of stakeholder theory, this work examines whether companies operating under different institutional constraints and stakeholder pressure tend to emphasize different models of corporate environmental reporting. Furthermore, the paper tests whether different corporate environmental reporting policies are driven by the countries' corporate governance systems. A sample of 3931 international companies was examined through a logistic biplot and conditional mean linear regression models. The main results reveal that companies follow two distinct environmental reporting approaches, which depend on specific stakeholders and institutional requirements. The first model, which is followed by firms within codified law countries, mostly focuses on water and emissions. The second approach, mainly followed by companies operating in common law countries, emphasizes materials and energy issues. This finding reveals that companies gradually modify their environmental strategies to make themselves more compatible with the characteristics of the social and institutional environment, which will result in several corporate benefits. The paper provides several outstanding implications for companies' strategic managers, national institutions and firms' stakeholders, especially for investors and customers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Encapsulating an Immunosuppressant Enhances Tolerance Induction by Siglec‐Engaging Tolerogenic Liposomes
Authors: Pang Lijuan , Macauley Matthew S. , Arlian Britni M. , Nycholat Corwin M. , Paulson James C.
Published: February 2017

Unwanted antibody responses significantly impact human health, and current options for treating deleterious antibody responses largely rely on broad immunosuppressants that can compromise overall immunity. A desirable alternative is to induce antigen‐specific immune tolerance. We have shown that co‐presentation of antigen and ligands of B cell sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectins (Siglecs) on a liposomal nanoparticle induces antigen‐specific tolerance. Although Siglec‐engaging tolerance‐inducing antigenic liposomes (STALs) induce robust B cell tolerance in naïve mice, the full potential of STALs requires long‐term tolerance induction and suppression of an ongoing immune response. We hypothesized that STALs encapsulated with rapamycin (RAPA), an immunomodulator, could improve the efficacy of STALs and potentially enable their use in the context of immunological memory. Here, we showed that formulation of STALs with RAPA produced enhanced tolerance induction in naïve mice compared to STALs without RAPA but had minimal impact on inducing tolerance in previously sensitized mice. These findings indicate that the addition of immunomodulators to STALs could be beneficial in tolerance induction and support future development of STALs for the treatment of allergy and autoimmune diseases.
Metabolic Chemical Reporters of Glycans Exhibit Cell‐Type‐Selective Metabolism and Glycoprotein Labeling
Authors: Batt Anna R. , Zaro Balyn W. , Navarro Marisol X. , Pratt Matthew R.
Published: February 2017

Since the pioneering work by Reutter and co‐workers that demonstrated structural flexibility in the carbohydrate biosynthesis and glycosylation pathways, many different labs have used unnatural monosaccharide analogues to perform glycan engineering on the surface of living cells. A subset of these unnatural monosaccharides contain bioorthogonal groups that enable the selective installation of visualization or enrichment tags. These metabolic chemical reporters (MCRs) have proven to be powerful for the unbiased identification of glycoproteins; however, they do have certain limitations. For example, they are incorporated substoichiometrically into glycans, and most MCRs are not selective for one class (e.g., O‐GlcNAcylation) of glycoprotein. Here, we explore the relationship between the biosynthesis of MCR donor sugars in cells and the labeling levels of four different N‐acetylglucosamine‐ and N‐acetylgalactosamine‐based MCRs. We found that the buildup of the different donor sugars correlated well with the overall labeling levels but less so with intracellular labeling of proteins by O‐GlcNAcylation.
p‐Cymene as Solvent for Olefin Metathesis: Matching Efficiency and Sustainability
Authors: Granato Artur V. , Santos Alexandra G. , dos Santos Eduardo N.
Published: February 2017

The underexploited biorenewable p‐cymene is employed as a solvent for the metathesis of various substrates. p‐Cymene is a nontoxic compound that can be obtained in large amounts as a side product of the cellulose and citrus industry. For the cross‐metathesis of estragole with methyl acrylate, this solvent prevents the consecutive double‐bond isomerization of the product and affords the best yield of all solvents tested. Undesired consecutive isomerization is a major challenge for many substrates in olefin metathesis, including pharmaceutical precursors, and the use of p‐cymene as a solvent may be a way to prevent it. This solvent results in a better metathesis performance than toluene for the three substrates tested in this work, matching its performance for two other substrates.
“Evidence”‐based medicine in eating disorders research: The problem of “confetti p values”
Authors: Chmura Kraemer Helena
Published: February 2017

Eating disorders hold a unique place among mental health disorders, in that salient symptoms can be objectively observed and measured rather than determined only from patient interviews or subjective evaluations. Because of this measurement advantage alone, evidence‐based medicine would be expected there to make the most rapid strides. However, conclusions in Eating Disorders research, as in all medical research literature, often continue to be misleading or ambiguous. One major and long‐known source of such problems is the misuse and misinterpretation of “statistical significance”, with “p values” strewn throughout research papers like so much confetti, a problem that has become systemic, that is, enforced, rather than corrected, by the peer‐review system. This discussion attempts to clarify the issues, and to suggest how readers might deal with this issue in processing the research literature.
Estrogenic suppression of binge‐like eating elicited by cyclic food restriction and frustrative‐nonreward stress in female rats
Authors: Micioni Di Bonaventura Maria Vittoria , Lutz Thomas A. , Romano Adele , Pucci Mariangela , Geary Nori , Asarian Lori , Cifani Carlo
Published: February 2017

Because binge eating and emotional eating vary through the menstrual cycle in human females, we investigated cyclic changes in binge‐like eating in female rats and their control by estrogens. Binge‐like eating was elicited by three cycles of 4 days of food restriction and 4 days of free feeding followed by a single frustrative nonreward‐stress episode (15 min visual and olfactory exposure to a familiar palatable food) immediately before presentation of the palatable food. Intact rats showed binge‐like eating during the diestrous and proestrous phases of the ovarian cycle, but not during the estrous (periovulatory) phase. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats not treated with estradiol (E2) displayed binge‐like eating, whereas E2‐treated OVX rats did not. The procedure did not increase signs of anxiety in an open‐field test. OVX rats not treated with E2 that were subjected to food restriction and sacrificed immediately after frustrative nonreward had increased numbers of cells expressing phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), and dorsal and ventral bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BNST) compared with nonrestricted or E2‐treated rats. These data suggest that this female rat model is appropriate for mechanistic studies of some aspects of menstrual‐cycle effects on emotional and binge eating in human females, that anxiety is not a sufficient cause of binge‐like eating, and that the PVN, CeA, and BNST may contribute to information processing underlying binge‐like eating.
Association between enrolment in a heart failure quality registry and subsequent mortality—a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lund Lars H. , Carrero Juan‐Jesus , Farahmand Bahman , Henriksson Karin M. , Jonsson Åsa , Jernberg Tomas , Dahlström Ulf
Published: February 2017

Aims

Heart failure (HF) quality registries report quality of care but it is unknown whether they improve outcomes. The aims were to assess predictors of enrolment in a HF registry, test the hypothesis that enrolment in a HF registry is associated with reduced mortality, and assess potential explanatory factors for this reduction in mortality, if present.

Methods and results

We conducted a nationwide prospective cohort study of patients with new‐onset HF registered in the Swedish National Patient Registry (NPR, a mandatory registry of ICD‐code diagnoses) with or without concurrent registration in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF, a voluntary quality reporting registry) 2006–2013. The association between demographics, co‐morbidities and medications, and enrolment in the SwedeHF, was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. The association between enrolment in the SwedeHF and all‐cause mortality was assessed using multivariable Cox regression, with adjustment for demographics, co‐morbidities and medications. A total of 231 437 patients were included, of which 21 888 (9.5%) were in the SwedeHF [age (mean ± standard deviation) 74 ± 13 years; 41% women; 68% inpatients] and 209 549 (90.5%) were not (age 78 ± 12 years, 50% women; 79% inpatients). Selected variables independently associated with enrolment in the SwedeHF were male sex, younger age, higher education, absent co‐morbidities and co‐morbidity‐related medications, and use of HF and cardiovascular medications. Over a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 874 (247–1667) days, there were 13.0 vs. 20.8 deaths per 100 patient‐years (P < 0.001). The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for death for the SwedeHF yes vs. no was 0.65 (0.63–0.66) crude, and increased to 0.80 (0.78–0.81) after adding demographics, to 0.82 (0.80–0.84) after adding co‐morbidities and co‐morbidity‐related medications, to 0.95 (0.93–0.97) after adding cardiovascular medications, and to 1.04 (1.02–1.07) after adding HF‐specific medications.

Conclusion

Heart failure patients of male sex, younger age, and higher education were more likely to be enrolled in a HF quality registry. Enrolment was associated with reduced all‐cause mortality that was explained by demographic differences and better utilization of cardiovascular and HF medications.
Grignard Reagent Mediated Demetallation of Silver Corrole Complexes
Authors: Patra Bratati , Patra Sajal Kumar , Mukherjee Payel , Maurya Yogesh Kumar , Sinha Woormileela , Kar Sanjib
Published: February 2017

In order to study the reactivity of various Grignard reagents with differently substituted A3‐ and trans‐A2B‐corrolato AgIII complexes, we have performed a series of reactions. We have observed that among the various Grignard reagents studied, methylmagnesium chloride is the most potent and resulted in the quantitative demetallation of the corrolato–AgIII complexes and produced the respective free‐base corroles exclusively. As expected, we have not observed the formation of any unusual σ‐methyl/phenyl derivatives.
Fused silica capillaries with two segments of different internal diameters and inner surface roughnesses prepared by etching with supercritical water and used for volume coupling electrophoresis
Authors: Horká Marie , Karásek Pavel , Roth Michal , Šlais Karel
Published: February 2017

In this work, single‐piece fused silica capillaries with two different internal diameter segments featuring different inner surface roughness were prepared by new etching technology with supercritical water and used for volume coupling electrophoresis. The concept of separation and online pre‐concentration of analytes in high conductivity matrix is based on the online large‐volume sample pre‐concentration by the combination of transient isotachophoretic stacking and sweeping of charged proteins in micellar electrokinetic chromatography using non‐ionogenic surfactant. The modified surface roughness step helped to the significant narrowing of the zones of examined analytes. The sweeping and separating steps were accomplished simultaneously by the use of phosphate buffer (pH 7) containing ethanol, non‐ionogenic surfactant Brij 35, and polyethylene glycol (PEG 10000) after sample injection. Sample solution of a large volume (maximum 3.7 μL) dissolved in physiological saline solution was injected into the wider end of capillary with inlet inner diameter from 150, 185 or 218 μm. The calibration plots were linear (R2 ∼ 0.9993) over a 0.060–1 μg/mL range for the proteins used, albumin and cytochrome c. The peak area RSDs from at least 20 independent measuremens were below 3.2%. This online pre‐concentration technique produced a more than 196‐fold increase in sensitivity, and it can be applied for detection of, e.g. the presence of albumin in urine (0.060 μg/mL).
Producing defucosylated antibodies with enhanced in vitro antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity via FUT8 knockout CHO‐S cells
Authors: Zong Huifang , Han Lei , Ding Kai , Wang Jiaxian , Sun Tao , Zhang Xinyu , Cagliero Cedric , Jiang Hua , Xie Yueqing , Xu Jianrong , Zhang Baohong , Zhu Jianwei
Published: February 2017

To engineer a host cell line that produces defucosylated mAbs with superior antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, we disrupted α‐1, 6 fucosyltransferase (FUT8) gene in CHO‐S (CHO is Chinese hamster ovary) cells by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐CRISPR associated nuclease 9. The gene knockout cell line was evaluated for growth, stability, and product quality. The growth profile of FUT8 gene knockout CHO‐S (FUT8−/−) cells was comparable with wild type CHO‐S cells. FUT8 catalyzes the transfer of a fucose residue from GDP‐fucose to N‐glycans residue. Defucosylated IgG1 antibodies produced by FUT8−/− cells showed increased binding affinities to human FcγRIIIa and higher activities in mediating antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, comparing with conventional fucosylated IgG1. Our results demonstrated the potential of using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐CRISPR associated nuclease 9 technology in cell line engineering for biopharmaceutical industrial applications.
Stochastically reduced communities—Microfluidic compartments as model and investigation tool for soil microorganism growth in structured spaces
Authors: Cao Jialan , Hafermann Lars , Köhler J. Michael
Published: February 2017

Microbial community in soil is a complex and dynamic system. Using traditional culture experiments it is difficult to model the stochastic distribution of single organisms of microbial communities in the soil pore's structure. Droplet‐based micro‐segmented flow technique allows the transfer of the principle of stochastic confinement of stochastically reduced communities from soil micro pores into nanoliter droplets. Microfluidics was applied for the investigation and comparison of soil samples from ancient mining areas by highly resolved concentration‐dependent screenings. As results, the generation, incubation, and in situ optical characterization of nanoliter droplets of suspensions of unknown soil microbial communities allowed the identification of different response characteristics toward heavy metal exposition. The investigations proved the high potential of microfluidics for investigations of soil microbial communities. It may be in the future helpful to detect bacteria and consortia with special biosorption characteristics, which could be useful for the development of biological accumulation and detoxification strategies.
The CDS‐Bond Basis Arbitrage and the Cross Section of Corporate Bond Returns
Authors: Kim Gi H. , Li Haitao , Zhang Weina
Published: February 2017

We provide a comprehensive empirical analysis on the implication of CDS‐Bond basis arbitrage for the pricing of corporate bonds. Basis arbitrageurs introduce new risks such as funding liquidity and counterparty risk into the corporate bond market, which was dominated by passive investors before the existence of credit default swap (CDS). We show that a basis factor, constructed as the return differential between LOW and HIGH quintile basis portfolios, is a superior empirical proxy that captures the new risks. In the cross section of investment grade bond returns, the basis factor carries an annual risk premium of about 3% in normal periods. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:836–861, 2017
Managing IT Change—IT Organization
Authors: Worster Art , Weirich Thomas R. , Andera Frank
Published: February 2017

This article is a continuation of the series focusing on managing IT change in an organization. As businesses move from functional logic to integrated business processes, this series of articles has discussed the way in which different functions relate to new processes. Also, we have reviewed how other factors, such as tools and programs, used to organize and manage the enterprise, have a pronounced impact on performance. Further, this transition must be managed as part of longer‐term continuous improvement programs for the overall enterprise. In our previous article, we discussed the role of business leadership in evaluating and defining IT strategy necessary to support these major and disruptive changes. One additional aspect of IT strategy that bears discussion is IT function staffing and where the work will be completed. When decisions are based on projected cost calculations, they invariably do not include an end‐to‐end understanding of knowledge transfer. This is a complex task moving from problem identification to whatever development organization will do the work and testing, and back. This article starts with a definition of knowledge transfer among organizational components and then discusses the role that each design component may play in efficiently and accurately completing the work. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Capital Efficiency Measures in Industrial Business—It Is Time to Critically Review These Calculations
Authors: Baumast Alexander Carl
Published: February 2017

Capital efficiency measures like economic value added (EVA) and return on capital employed (ROCE) have been developed and are regularly used by many industrial companies to avoid short‐term bias and provide stakeholders with valuable insight into the long‐term ability of a company to create value. In recent years, new models have emerged (partly promoted by the financial industry), which in turn attract management teams to optimize those capital efficiency figures without appropriately considering both underlying risk and long‐term benefit for the companies' stakeholders. This article highlights examples where this is practiced by shifting of financing sources in order to achieve an artificial improvement of those figures. It also provides suggestions to avoid such misleading results in the future. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Analysis of Auditors' Perceptions Related to Fair Value Estimates
Authors: Hermanson Susan D. , Kerler William A. , Rojas Julian D.
Published: February 2017

This study investigates auditors' understanding of Level 1, 2, and 3 fair value estimates (FVEs) and their perceptions of the adequacy of the associated auditing standards and internal firm guidance. The results indicate that Level 1 and Level 2 FVEs are encountered more frequently than Level 3 FVEs, and that auditors perceive themselves to have the greatest knowledge and comfort related to Level 1 FVEs followed by Levels 2 and 3, respectively. Auditors believe Level 3 FVEs are the most difficult to audit, while Level 1 FVEs are the least difficult to audit. While still overall confident, auditors are the least confident opining on financial statements with significant Level 3 FVEs, followed by financial statements with Level 2 and Level 1 FVEs, respectively. Auditors believe professional auditing standards, internal firm guidance, and required disclosures related to FVEs are all adequate. Finally, auditors believe determining whether they have done “enough” is the greatest challenge when auditing FVEs, while the cost–benefit consideration is perceived as the greatest cause of FVE testing failures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Melanotransferrin: New Homolog Genes and Their Differential Expression during Intestinal Regeneration in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima
Authors: Hernández‐Pasos Josué , Valentín‐Tirado Griselle , García‐Arrarás José E.
Published: February 2017

Melanotransferrin (MTf) is a protein associated with oncogenetic, developmental, and immune processes which function remains unclear. The MTf gene has been reported in numerous vertebrate and invertebrate species, including echinoderms. We now report the finding of four different MTfs in the transcriptome of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. Sequence studies and phylogenetic analyses were done to ascertain the similarities among the putative proteins and their relationship with other transferrin family members. The genes were shown to be differentially expressed in various holothurian organs and to respond differently when the animals were challenged with the immune system activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, the four genes were found to be highly overexpressed during the early stages of intestinal regeneration. The finding of four different genes in the holothurian is particularly surprising, because only one MTf gene has been reported in all other animal species sequenced to date. This finding, combined with the increase expression during intestinal regeneration, suggests a new possible function of MTf in organ regenerative processes.
Consumer acceptance and aroma characterization of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) powders prepared by extrusion and conventional processing methods
Authors: Szczygiel Edward J , Harte Janice B , Strasburg Gale M , Cho Sungeun
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Food products produced with bean ingredients are gaining in popularity among consumers due to the reported health benefits. Navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) powder produced through extrusion can be considered as a resource‐efficient alternative to conventional methods, which often involve high water inputs. Therefore, navy bean powders produced with extrusion and conventional methods were assessed for the impact of processing on consumer liking in end‐use products and odor‐active compounds.

RESULTS

Consumer acceptance results reveal significant differences in flavor, texture and overall acceptance scores of several products produced with navy bean powder. Crackers produced with extruded navy bean powder received higher hedonic flavor ratings than those produced with commercial navy bean powder (P < 0.001). GC‐O data showed that the commercial powder produced through conventional processing had much greater contents of several aliphatic aldehydes commonly formed via lipid oxidation, such as hexanal, octanal and nonanal with descriptors of ‘grassy’, ‘nutty’, ‘fruity’, ‘dusty’, and ‘cleaner’, compared to the extruded powder.

CONCLUSION

Extrusion processed navy bean powders were preferred over commercial powders for certain navy bean powder applications. This is best explained by substantial differences in aroma profiles of the two powders that may have been caused by lipid oxidation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Passivation of X65 steel in NaHCO3 solution saturated with CO2 using thin wire specimens
Authors: Shang W. J. , Xu L. N. , Qiao L. J. , Li J. X.
Published: February 2017

The passivation of X65 steel in NaHCO3 solution saturated with CO2 was investigated using electrochemical and immersion tests as well as surface morphology and composition analysis. The tests were conducted using thin wire specimens at atmospheric pressure in NaHCO3 solution with different concentrations and at different temperatures. The electrochemical properties of thin wire specimens and square specimens were compared. Thin wire specimens were immersed for a long period, during which the open circuit potential (OCP) was recorded. Anodic polarization was performed after the OCP was sufficiently high and stable. Electrochemical tests revealed that the electrochemical properties of the thin wire specimens were consistent with those of the square specimens. A sudden increase in the OCP of approximately 700 mV occurred after the specimens were immersed for a long period in the tested concentration and temperature. The time at which the OCP increase occurred decreased when the NaHCO3 concentration or temperature were increased. After the OCP became stable, anodic polarization revealed favorable self‐passivation. Immersion tests on X65 steel demonstrated that the OCP increase may have been due to the filling of pores between FeCO3 grains. Small tetrahedron grains formed in the pores of large hexahedral grains to lower the porosity of the film, thus making the film more compact. Consequently, the OCP increased and anodic polarization presented self‐passivation.