bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S6K1 in the Central Nervous System Regulates Energy Expenditure via MC4R/CRH Pathways in Response to Deprivation of an Essential Amino Acid
Authors: Xia Tingting , Cheng Ying , Zhang Qian , Xiao Fei , Liu Bin , Chen Shanghai , Guo Feifan
Published: July 2012

It is well established that the central nervous system (CNS), especially the hypothalamus, plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. We have previously shown that hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is critical for stimulating fat loss in response to dietary leucine deprivation. The molecular mechanisms underlying the CNS regulation of leucine deprivation–stimulated fat loss are, however, still largely unknown. Here, we used intracerebroventricular injection of adenoviral vectors to identify a novel role for hypothalamic p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), a major downstream effector of the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin, in leucine deprivation stimulation of energy expenditure. Furthermore, we show that the effect of hypothalamic S6K1 is mediated by modulation of Crh expression in a melanocortin-4 receptor–dependent manner. Taken together, our studies provide a new perspective for understanding the regulation of energy expenditure by the CNS and the importance of cross-talk between nutritional control and regulation of endocrine signals.
Caloric Restriction Chronically Impairs Metabolic Programming in Mice
Authors: Kirchner Henriette , Hofmann Susanna M. , Fischer-Rosinský Antje , Hembree Jazzminn , Abplanalp William , Ottaway Nickki , Donelan Elizabeth , Krishna Radha , Woods Stephen C. , Müller Timo D. , Spranger Joachim , Perez-Tilve Diego , Pfluger Paul T. , Tschöp Matthias H. , Habegger Kirk M.
Published: July 2012

Although obesity rates are rapidly rising, caloric restriction remains one of the few safe therapies. Here we tested the hypothesis that obesity-associated disorders are caused by increased adipose tissue as opposed to excess dietary lipids. Fat mass (FM) of lean C57B6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD; FMC mice) was “clamped” to match the FM of mice maintained on a low-fat diet (standard diet [SD] mice). FMC mice displayed improved glucose and insulin tolerance as compared with ad libitum HFD mice (P < 0.001) or SD mice (P < 0.05). These improvements were associated with fewer signs of inflammation, consistent with the less-impaired metabolism. In follow-up studies, diet-induced obese mice were food restricted for 5 weeks to achieve FM levels identical with those of age-matched SD mice. Previously, obese mice exhibited improved glucose and insulin tolerance but showed markedly increased fasting-induced hyperphagia (P < 0.001). When mice were given ad libitum access to the HFD, the hyperphagia of these mice led to accelerated body weight gain as compared with otherwise matched controls without a history of obesity. These results suggest that although caloric restriction on a HFD provides metabolic benefits, maintaining those benefits may require lifelong continuation, at least in individuals with a history of obesity.
Zinc Transporter 8 Autoantibodies and Their Association WithSLC30A8andHLA-DQGenes Differ Between Immigrant and Swedish Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis Study
Authors: Delli Ahmed J. , Vaziri-Sani Fariba , Lindblad Bengt , Elding-Larsson Helena , Carlsson Annelie , Forsander Gun , Ivarsson Sten A. , Ludvigsson Johnny , Kockum Ingrid , Marcus Claude , Samuelsson Ulf , Örtqvist Eva , Groop Leif , Bondinas George P. , Papadopoulos George K. , Lernmark Åke ,   for the Better Diabetes Diagnosis Study Group
Published: July 2012

We examined whether zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A; arginine ZnT8-RA, tryptophan ZnT8-WA, and glutamine ZnT8-QA variants) differed between immigrant and Swedish patients due to different polymorphisms of SLC30A8, HLA-DQ, or both. Newly diagnosed autoimmune (≥1 islet autoantibody) type 1 diabetic patients (n = 2,964, <18 years, 55% male) were ascertained in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study. Two subgroups were identified: Swedes (n = 2,160, 73%) and immigrants (non-Swedes; n = 212, 7%). Non-Swedes had less frequent ZnT8-WA (38%) than Swedes (50%), consistent with a lower frequency in the non-Swedes (37%) of SLC30A8 CT+TT (RW+WW) genotypes than in the Swedes (54%). ZnT8-RA (57 and 58%, respectively) did not differ despite a higher frequency of CC (RR) genotypes in non-Swedes (63%) than Swedes (46%). We tested whether this inconsistency was due to HLA-DQ as 2/X (2/2; 2/y; y is anything but 2 or 8), which was a major genotype in non-Swedes (40%) compared with Swedes (14%). In the non-Swedes only, 2/X (2/2; 2/y) was negatively associated with ZnT8-WA and ZnT8-QA but not ZnT8-RA. Molecular simulation showed nonbinding of the relevant ZnT8-R peptide to DQ2, explaining in part a possible lack of tolerance to ZnT8-R. At diagnosis in non-Swedes, the presence of ZnT8-RA rather than ZnT8-WA was likely due to effects of HLA-DQ2 and the SLC30A8 CC (RR) genotypes.
Socioeconomic and Nutritional Status of Children with Pyodermas
Authors: Kharel C , Pandey S S , Agrawal S , Bhattarai M
Published: July 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v10i1.6417 NJDVL 2012; 10(1): 11-15
Integrated electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and self-potential (SP) techniques for assessing hydrological processes within glacial lake moraine dams
Authors: Thompson Sarah , Kulessa Bernd , Luckman Adrian
Published: July 2012

Moraine dams can be inherently unstable, but effective assessment strategies remain poorly identified. We integrate electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with electrical self-potential (SP) and lake-level measurements to investigate the structure of, and hydrological processes within, a moraine-dam complex adjacent to Miage glacier, Italy. This complex separates two meltwater lakes characterized by an efficient subterranean hydraulic connection. Our ERT data reveal a continuous free surface within the complex, whose morphology reflects the topography of the moraine complex akin to unconfined groundwater aquifers. SP data were corrected for spatial changes in the thickness of the upper unsaturated layer using principles of electrography. The residual streaming-potential map is consistent with Darcian flow of lake waters through the moraine complex, characterized by a negative-to-positive potential change from <-30 mV to >+70 mV. These electrical signatures are consistent with those generated by water seepage through earth dams in various non-glacial settings. Integrated electrical geophysical methods thus provided an inexpensive and unobtrusive evaluation of the hydrological properties of and processes within the moraine complex. Since spatio-temporal patterns of subsurface water flow critically affect the strengths of moraine sediments, such methods promise to be powerful in assessing the long-term stability of moraine-dammed glacial lakes.
Sr-Nd isotope evidence for modern aeolian dust sources in mountain glaciers of western China
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Yu Guangming , Kang Shichang , Hou Shugui , Zhang Qianggong , Ren Jiawen , Qin Dahe
Published: July 2012

In order to apportion the dust sources of mountain glaciers in western China, the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of insoluble particles were determined in snow samples collected from 13 sites. The combined plot of87Sr/86Sr and εNd(0) demonstrates a distinctive geographic pattern over western China, which can be classified into three regions from north to south. Samples from the Altai mountains show the lowest87Sr/86Sr ratio and the highest εNd(0) value, similar to the data of deserts in the north of China such as the Gurbantunggut desert. Samples from the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Himalaya show the highest87Sr/86Sr and lowest εNd(0) values, resembling the local and regional dust sources found in the southern TP and Himalaya-India region. Samples from the Tien Shan and northern Tibetan Plateau exhibit intermediate87Sr/86Sr and εNd(0) values, similar to the data reported for the northern margin of the TP (NM_TP). However, three sampling sites, JMYZ (Jiemayangzong) located in the Himalaya and ZD (Zadang) and YL (Yulong) located in the southeast TP, presented distinctive Sr-Nd isotopic signatures typical of the NM_TP, suggesting potential long-range and high-altitude dust transport across the TP.
Environmental History of Botanical Exchanges in the Indian Ocean World
Authors: Rangan Haripriya , Carney Judith , Denham Tim
Published: July 2012

Much of the environmental history literature on plant transfers has centred on European agency and on the effects on both Old and New Worlds colonised and inhabited by European powers over the past five centuries. The emphasis on European agency obscures, or diverts attention from, prehistoric botanical exchanges, i.e., plants transferred by human agency from one region to another thousands of years ago. While these exchanges may not have constituted 'ecological imperialism' the plants transferred nevertheless had significant impacts on the landscapes and societies they entered and in which they became established. This paper focuses on food crop exchanges in the Indian Ocean World. It draws on recent interdisciplinary research in archaeobotany and palaeoclimatic studies to illustrate the plant transfers that took place between eastern Africa, southern Asia and mainland and Island Southeast Asia between 2500 BCE and 100 CE and to explore how these arrivals may have transformed host societies and environments.
Exhibiting Environmental History: The Challenge of Representing Nation
Authors: Walliss Jillian
Published: July 2012

Some environmental scholars argue that environmental history makes sense on a regional or global scale but rarely on a national one. This essay explores this claim in the context of two national museums: the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (1998) and the National Museum of Australia (2001). It explores how the imperative to be representative of the nation influenced the opening-day displays of environmental history. I argue that a national framing produced two significant challenges. At the National Museum of Australia, the 'Tangled Destinies' exhibition not only struggled with the impossible scope of presenting a nation that encompasses an entire continent but also the reconciliation of the temporal disparities of deep time, indigenous and non-indigenous histories. Conversely at Te Papa, a disjuncture between a national landscape identity predicated on purity and the scientific reality of rapid and extensive environmental modification post-settlement, was influential in the decision to omit the environmental history display from the opening-day programme.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Immunity-Enhancing Activities of Sargassum pallidum Aqueous Extract in Gastric Cancer Rats
Authors: Zhang Rui-Li , Luo Wen-Da , Bi Tie-Nan , Zhou Shen-Kang
Published: July 2012

The effect of Sargassum pallidum (brown seaweed) aqueous extract on the immunity function and antioxidant activities in was studied gastric cancer rats. Treatment with Sargassum pallidum aqueous extract at oral doses 400, 600 or 800 mg/kg body weight was found to provide a dose-dependent protection against N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced immunity damage and oxidative injury by enhancing serum interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, decreasing interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, preserving normal antioxidant enzymes activities, and by inhibiting lipid peroxidation in gastric mucosa. It can be concluded that Sargassum pallidum aqueous extract may enhance the immunity and antioxidant activities in gastric cancer rats.
Monitoring of Temperature Fatigue Failure Mechanism for Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Concrete Using Acoustic Emission Sensors
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Cao Hai
Published: July 2012

The applicability of acoustic emission (AE) techniques to monitor the mechanism of evolution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber concrete damage under temperature fatigue loading is investigated. Using the temperature fatigue test, real-time AE monitoring data of PVA fiber concrete is achieved. Based on the AE signal characteristics of the whole test process and comparison of AE signals of PVA fiber concretes with different fiber contents, the damage evolution process of PVA fiber concrete is analyzed. Finally, a qualitative evaluation of the damage degree is obtained using the kurtosis index and b-value of AE characteristic parameters. The results obtained using both methods are discussed.
Does Energy Efficiency Reduce Emissions and Peak Demand? A Case Study of 50 Years of Space Heating in Melbourne
Authors: Palmer Graham
Published: July 2012

This paper examines the relationship between space heating energy efficiency and two related but distinct measures; greenhouse mitigation, and peak demand. The historic role of Melbourne’s space heating provides an opportunity to assess whether improvements in energy efficiency lead to sustained reductions in energy consumption or whether rebound factors “take back” efficiency gains in the long run. Despite significant and sustained improvements in appliance efficiency, and the thermal efficiency of new building fabrics, the per-capita heating energy consumption has remained remarkably stable over the past 50 years. Space heating efficiency is bound up with notions of comfort, sufficiency and lifestyle, and the short-run gains from efficiency become incorporated into a new set of norms. It is this evolution of cultural norms that reconciles the contradiction between the short-run gains from efficiency measures, with the efficiency rebound that becomes evident over the long-term. The related, but distinct peak demand measure can be influenced by efficiency measures, but energy efficiency measures will not alter the requirement for large-scale conventional energy to provide affordable and reliable winter heating.
Consumer Panel on the Readiness of Finns to Behave in a More Pro-Environmental Manner
Authors: Valkila Noora , Saari Arto
Published: July 2012

Due to climate change, there is an urgent need to take measures toward reducing greenhouse gases and energy consumption. It is therefore vital to examine peoples’ attitudes and the potential for a more pro-environmental readiness. Consumer panels were used in the gathering of data, even with such small subsamples, statistical significance of difference cannot be assessed. The research subjects participating were randomly selected from two different residential areas and three different age groups. The consumer panels examined the environmental attitudes of the research subjects as well as their readiness to adopt a more pro-environmental lifestyle under four theme headings: Urban structure, household energy consumption, mobility and lifestyle. The results suggest that all the research subjects are very much ready to reduce their consumption, but not quite ready to invest in expensive, but environmentally-friendly equipment. Young and elderly research subjects seemed more prepared to make pro-environmental changes than middle-aged subjects. Place of residence also seemed to have an impact on the adoption threshold: Research subjects living in more densely populated suburbs seemed to be more willing to give up driving, whereas those living in sparsely populated areas seemed to be more willing to invest in expensive, but environmentally-friendly equipment and give up flying for vacations.
Synthesis and structure of tricarbonyl(η6-arene)chromium complexes of phenyl and benzyl D-glycopyranosides
Authors: Ziegler Thomas , Heber Ulrich
Published: July 2012

A series of 15 glycoside-derived tricarbonyl(η6-arene)chromium complexes were prepared in 19–87% yield by heating fully acetylated or methylated aryl O-, S-, N- and C-glycosides of D-glucopyranose and D-mannopyranose with hexacarbonylchromium. All tricarbonylchromium complexes were fully characterized. The structures of nine crystalline complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction, revealing unusual intra- and intermolecular nonclassical hydrogen bonds.
Balade avec Virginia Woolf : Vivre ou la conscience de l'illusoire
Authors: Ben Bachir Nourredine
Published: July 2012

L’auteur, à partir de certains effets éprouvés résultant de sa lecture de Virginia Woolf, et notamment de la « Promenade au phare », tisse une réflexion entre le texte lu et « l’écriture des séances d’analyse ». À partir d’une fascination première et inquiétante liée à la rencontre de l’œuvre de Virginia Woolf, il tente d’élaborer ce saisissement caractérisé par une suspension de la temporalité et un surinvestissement de l’éphémère renvoyant à une fascination pour la perte d’objet. Ceci le conduit à revisiter le texte de Freud « Éphémère destinée » où Freud s’attache à décrire la dévalorisation de l’objet, réputé périssable, comme forme anticipée du deuil. « La Promenade au Phare », nous ouvre à la célébration de la vie, chaque mot traque l’émergence des choses et des êtres avant de sembler se retourner vers la fascination de ce qui se perd, toute naissance étant alors vécue comme l’actualisation d’une perte. C’est le paradoxe de cette œuvre de nous tenir au seuil de l’enchantement, jetant le matériel qui pourrait être utile à la construction ou à l’accès de souvenirs, à la construction de l’objet « en nostalgie », mais manquant celles-ci dans une attraction mélancolique vers un objet impossible à perdre, souvent lui-même mélancolique ou porteur de failles narcissiques. L’écrivain se montre alors ambivalent vis-à-vis du langage lui-même, précisément parce qu’il menace de détacher de l’objet. L’auteur repère des éléments similaires chez des patients engagés dans une forme de compulsion à dire et à écrire, célébrant les choses, s’accrochant aux mots, dissimulant des points traumatiques dans une associativité pouvant en imposer pour une perlaboration en cours. L’auteur aborde alors les formes que peut prendre le travail analytique pour construire l’objet en nostalgie, et ce faisant, la temporalité et de nouveaux espaces d’investissements.
L'impact du savoir théorique dans la confrontation à la littérature : enjeux pour le lecteur analyste
Authors: Popova Yulia
Published: July 2012

L’auteur s’appuie sur ses lectures des textes du poète russe V. Khlebnikov pour interroger les différentes façons dont le psychanalyste se sert de la théorie dans ses approches de la littérature. En nous permettant de « jouir de l’œuvre », la théorie peut également nous mettre à l’abri de cette jouissance et nourrir des résistances. Elle peut cependant devenir une création, une forme d’écriture dans laquelle s’engage le psychanalyste par son être du sujet.
Inconscient et Surréel, ou « le monde tangent au réel » (A. Artaud)
Authors: Geblesco Nicole
Published: July 2012

Si Breton découvre avec enthousiasme les thèses freudiennes (1916), c’est dans les écrits des docteurs Régis et Hesnard. Sa conception de l’inconscient diffère de celle de Freud dont l’œuvre ne sera traduite en français qu’une dizaine d’années plus tard. D’où un malentendu entre le poète et le savant dont témoignent tant les visites du premier au second en 1921 que les lettres de Freud à Breton à la réception des Vases communicants en 1932. Ni Breton ni Freud, pourtant, n’en resteront là ! Comment et dans quelle mesure leur réflexion propre rapprochera surréalisme et psychanalyse, c’est ce que ces pages s’attachent à mieux cerner.
Le surréalisme scientifique de Gaston Bachelard
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie
Published: July 2012

Bien que les chemins de Freud et de Bachelard ne se soient rencontrés historiquement que partiellement, la non congruence de leurs théories est cependant à entendre non comme une opposition de principes mais comme une divergence dans les objectifs. Le surréalisme, la psychanalyse, la phénoménologie, participent de ce que Bachelard lui-même a nommé une « rupture épistémologique » dans la relation à la réalité et en cela avaient bien vocation à se rejoindre.
Jean-Pierre Brisset et « la folie de l'insolite » considérée du point de vue de Marcel Duchamp, d'André Breton, de Raymond Queneau, de Michel Foucault et de quelques autres
Authors: Décimo Marc
Published: July 2012

Duchamp et Breton ont été fascinés par la littérature de Jean-Pierre Brisset, toute leur vie. Ils ont entrepris d’en parler, de l’exporter, de le rééditer, d’écrire sur, de promouvoir sa pensée. Queneau s’est passionné pour les « fous littéraires » avant d’adopter une attitude plus contrastée. Michel Foucault l’a préfacé. Quels points de vue ont-ils chacun favorisé face à cet ensemble de textes qui sont le fait d’un paraphrène ? Duchamp et Breton et les autres furent-ils des lecteurs « freudiens » (ou pas) de Brisset ?
Surréel et romantisme dans la langue allemande
Authors: Bonnellier Roseline
Published: July 2012

Freud est un écrivain de langue allemande. En France, le surréalisme est un signe avant-coureur et un « révélateur » subconscient après coup pour la psychanalyse de son héritage « romantique ». Freud s’est arrêté chez Goethe, au « niveau de la langue » du classico-romantisme allemand. La théorie de l’Œdipe freudien en apporte la preuve « scientifique ». Hölderlin ouvre cependant à l’analyse d’un complexe d’Œdipe « inconscient » plus infini.
Le surréel chez Giacometti
Authors: Marinov Vladimir
Published: July 2012

Dans ce texte, il s’agit d’analyser le rapport particulier de Giacometti à la fois avec André Breton et Sigmund Freud. Est analysé le moment charnière de la rupture par l’artiste avec l’esthétique de l’objet surréel, et la façon dont celui-ci s’est manifesté dans sa production artistique d’après-guerre.
Les images de rêve comme vestiges de la sexualité infantile. Images de rêves et sexualité blanche
Authors: Masson Céline
Published: July 2012

À partir de la clinique et du récit de plusieurs rêves d’une patiente en analyse, nous souhaiterions montrer comment les images de rêves mettent au jour des fragments non élaborés issus de la sexualité infantile. Interpréter un rêve relève d’une fouille archéologique permettant de sortir du sol de la sexualité infantile les vestiges à partir de quoi le sujet peut se réapproprier son histoire (élaboration des traces). C’est en suivant les associations de cette patiente à propos de quelques fragments relevés au jour de la séance que nous avons pu proposer la notion de sexualité blanche. Sexualité sans traces de corps, d’un corps resté immaculé et anorifice qui s’alimente de fantasmes et de contacts par écran interposé. L’image de rêve est l’occasion de poursuivre notre réflexion sur l’image psychique. Elle se fait le témoin du temps psychique, la prise sur le vif de la matière, des accidents et autres scories. Elle génère sans cesse dans le flux continu de l’histoire, l’origine qui est toujours cette tension en avant et non pas ce qui est né définitivement. L’image est dès lors ce qui est en train d’apparaître d’un mouvement psychique c’est-à-dire l’origine poussée à son tour par le destin de l’image.
Prevention and Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension in the Orthopedic Patient Population
Authors: Swope Rachel , Adams Aimee
Published: July 2012

Orthostatic hypotension, a symptomatic drop in blood pressure on standing, can have detrimental effects for orthopedic patients in the postoperative period. It is essential for orthopedic practitioners to understand the causes, risk factors, treatment options, and prevention techniques for orthostatic hypotension.
Physeal-sparing Tibial Eminence Fracture Fixation With a Headless Compression Screw
Authors: Johnson Darren L. , Durbin Thomas C.
Published: July 2012

Displaced tibial intercondylar eminence fractures frequently require operative fixation. Surgical techniques for fixation include the use of headed screws or sutures. However, these fractures commonly occur in skeletally immature patients, and current techniques violate the proximal tibial physis to maintain reduction and can result in growth disturbances. The authors present a physeal-sparing method for fixation of noncomminuted displaced tibial eminence fractures using a headless compression screw. They describe 2 skeletally immature adolescents in whom their technique provided maintenance of reduction until union and full return to activities.
Failed Hip Arthroscopy: Causes and Treatment Options
Authors: Ward James P. , Rogers Patrick , Youm Thomas
Published: July 2012

Indications for arthroscopic surgery of the hip have increased over the past several years, along with the number of procedures performed annually. In addition, the number of unsuccessful procedures and subsequent revision surgeries have also increased. Recent literature has defined several common causes for failed hip arthroscopy. Severe osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis are associated with poor outcomes. Findings during revision hip arthroscopy consistently demonstrate untreated femoroacetabular impingement, chondral defects, labral tears, and postoperative adhesions. The treating surgeon must be diligent in his or her indications for surgery, as well as in addressing all pathology at the initial surgery.
Effect of Back Muscle Strength and Sagittal Spinal Imbalance on Locomotive Syndrome in Japanese Men
Authors: Hirano Kenichi , Imagama Shiro , Hasegawa Yukiharu , Wakao Norimitsu , Muramoto Akio , Ishiguro Naoki
Published: July 2012

The Japanese Orthopaedic Association has proposed the term
locomotive syndrome
to designate a condition of individuals in high-risk groups with musculoskeletal disease who are highly likely to require nursing care. This study investigates the influence of spinal factors on locomotive syndrome in Japanese men. A total of 105 men older than 50 years were enrolled in the study. Those answering
yes
to least 1 of 7 categories in a self-assessment checklist for locomotive syndrome were defined as having locomotive syndrome. The authors evaluated lateral lumbar radiographs, sagittal parameters, sagittal balance using the spinal inclination angle as an index, spinal range of motion as determined with SpinalMouse (Idiag, Volkerswill, Switzerland), back muscle strength, and body mass index. Age, back muscle strength, and spinal inclination angle significantly correlated with locomotive syndrome. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that a decrease in back muscle strength (odds ratio, 0.964;
P
<.01) and an increase in spinal inclination angle (odds ratio, 1.232;
P
<.05) were significantly associated with locomotive syndrome. Back muscle strength had significant negative correlations with age and spinal inclination angle. Spinal inclination angle had significant negative correlations with back muscle strength and lumbar and total spinal range of motion and significant positive correlations with age, body mass index, sacral slope angle, and lumbar kyphosis. A decrease in back muscle strength and an increase in spinal inclination angle may be the most important risk factors for locomotive syndrome in Japanese men. Back muscle strengthening and spinal range of motion exercises could be useful for improving the symptoms of locomotive syndrome.
Revision Surgery for a Dislocated Constrained Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hagedorn Jonathan , Levine Brett R.
Published: July 2012

Knee dislocation after revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a dangerous, albeit rare, injury that can lead to neurovascular compromise and permanent disability. A paucity of peer-reviewed literature exists regarding this complication after revision TKA. Tibiofemoral dislocation commonly occurs with minimal trauma, such as rising from a seated position, and is commonly associated with a flexion–extension gap mismatch. Prompt diagnosis and expedited treatment of this complication is necessary to minimize the risk of adjacent neurovascular structures. Acute management involves attempted reduction, knee stabilization, and thorough neurovascular workup. Long-term management may require revision surgery, with the level of articular constraint necessary being determined intraoperatively.

This article describes 2 cases of relatively atraumatic knee dislocations after revision TKA involving the same semiconstrained components. Patient 1 was a 68-year-old man who sustained an atraumatic posterior knee dislocation 2 months after revision TKA. Patient 2 was a 55-year-old woman who presented after an atraumatic posterior knee dislocation 6 months after revision TKA. In both patients, a semiconstrained construct was used with corresponding revision components prior to dislocation. This article includes a synopsis of solutions for flexion–extension gap balancing and a review of the literature regarding this uncommon complication.
Snapping Knee Caused by a Popliteomeniscal Fascicle Tear of the Lateral Meniscus in a Professional Taekwondo Athlete
Authors: Park Jong-Hoon , Ro Kyung-Han , Lee Dae-Hee
Published: July 2012

A 19-year-old male professional Taekwondo athlete presented with a 2-year history of pain-free snapping of his right knee. He reported that his right knee joint gave way during games and training and that he could induce pain-free snapping between the proximal-to-fibular head and the lateral knee joint line. None of these physical findings suggested a meniscal pathology or ligamentous instability. Routine radiographs were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of his right knee joint showed that the shape of the lateral meniscus was normal, and no lateral meniscus tears existed. On arthroscopic examination, popliteal hiatus view showed a posterosuperior popliteomeniscal fascicle tear between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the posterior joint capsule just posteromedial to the popliteus tendon. With medial traction by probing, this popliteomeniscal tear made visible the significant subluxation of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the center or anterior half of the tibial plateau. Based on the diagnosis of a posterosuperior popliteomeniscal tear of the right knee, Fast-Fix (Smith & Nephew, Andover, Massachusetts) was used for the direct repair of the peripheral portion of the lateral meniscus and joint capsule, targeting the popliteomeniscal junction. At 24 months postoperatively, the patient was performing athletic exercises relevant to his profession and was taking part in Taekwondo games, with no pain or recurrence of snapping. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of snapping of the lateral aspect of the knee due to a popliteomeniscal fascicle tear.
Anconeus Epitrochlearis as a Source of Medial Elbow Pain in Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Li Xinning , Dines Joshua S. , Gorman Matthew , Limpisvasti Orr , Gambardella Ralph , Yocum Lou
Published: July 2012

Medial elbow pain is reported in 18% to 69% of baseball players aged of 9 and 19 years. This is due to the large valgus stresses focused on the medial side of the elbow during overhead activities. In overhead throwers and pitchers, pain can be attributed to valgus extension overload with resultant posteromedial impingement, overuse of the flexor–pronator musculature resulting in medial epicondylitis, or occasional muscle tears or ruptures. The anconeus epitrochlearis is a known cause of cubital tunnel syndrome and has been postulated as a source of medial elbow pain in overhead athletes.

This article describes the cases of 3 right-handed baseball pitchers with persistent right-sided medial elbow pain during throwing despite a prolonged period of rest, physical therapy, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Two patients had symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome as diagnosed by electromyogram and nerve conduction studies and the presence of the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle per magnetic resonance imaging. All patients underwent isolated release of the anconeus muscle without ulnar nerve transposition and returned to their previous levels of activity.

The diagnosis and treatment of pitchers who present with medial-sided elbow pain can be complex. The differential should include an enlarged or inflamed anconeus epitrochlearis muscle as a possible cause. Conservative management should be the first modality. However, surgical excision with isolated release of the muscle can be successful in returning patients with persistent pain despite a trial of conservative management to their previous levels of function.
Fibromyxoma of the Axis
Authors: Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Casadei Roberto , Gambarotti Marco , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: July 2012

Fibromyxoma of bone is a rare benign tumor of fibrous tissue origin. The typical location is the jaws. Sporadic extragnathic cases have been reported, but fibromyxoma of the spine has not been reported. The histological appearance of fibromyxoma is benign and includes abundant extracellular fibrous and myxoid stroma with varying amounts of calcification and ossification. Myxoid changes are usually extensive. Extragnathic fibromyxoma of bone should be distinguished from benign cartilage-forming bone tumors, such as chondromyxoid and myxoid chondrosarcoma and myxoma of bone. It has also been suggested that fibromyxoma is a variant of myxoid fibrous dysplasia, whereas other authors reported extragnathic fibromyxoma resulting from myxoid degeneration of bone tumors, such as chondrosarcoma or fibrosarcoma. The overtreatment of patients with fibromyxoma of bone due to an aggressive imaging appearance should be avoided; the prognosis is excellent compared with the jaw variant and depends on the location and extent of the tumor.

This article describes a case of a 21-year-old woman with fibromyxoma of bone originating from the spinous process of the axis. Clinical examination showed a tender mass in the midline of the posterior aspect the neck and slight limitation of neck range of motion; neurologic examination was normal. Diagnosis was obtained with a preoperative biopsy. Marginal excision of the lesion with posterior laminectomy of the axis was performed. The facets were preserved, and no fusion was performed. At last follow-up 2 years after diagnosis and treatment, the patient was asymptomatic with no evidence of local recurrence.
Lumbar Decompression and Fusion in a Centenarian
Authors: Garcia Ryan M. , Belding Jonathan , Bohlman Henry H.
Published: July 2012

The incidence of chronic and debilitating conditions in the aging population is steadily increasing, and the treatment of extreme elderly patients with spinal conditions can be challenging. Spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis can dramatically affect patient quality of life, and patients commonly seek a surgical solution for their condition. Many extreme elderly patients are cautioned against surgery secondary due to their high complication and in-hospital mortality rates when compared with younger patients.

This article describes the oldest patient (101 years old) in the English literature with severe spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis who underwent primary lumbar decompression and fusion. His symptomatology dramatically affected his quality of life, and he was denied surgical care at another institution secondary to his advanced age and high potential risks. A successful outcome was ultimately achieved, and he was able to return to a higher level of physical functioning and social participation prior to his death of unrelated causes 3 years later.

This case questions the strict indications of surgery in less-than-ideal and extreme elderly surgical candidates. The authors believe that surgery should not be denied in extreme elderly patients who have failed conservative treatment modalities and continue to have functional impairments. Successful spinal surgery may allow extreme elderly patients an improved quality to the remainder of their life.
Organisational Flexibility through Human Capital Development
Authors: Martins Ana , Martins Isabel , Petiz Orlando
Published: July 2012

The current knowledge economy has brought several challenges to contemporary organisations. There is need for flexibility on the part of key players, namely individual employees as well as organisations as a whole; this flexibility arises from the innovation in both products and services. The complexity of knowledge requires an education that enhances softer skills. The intellectual capacity, creativity, and adaptability of individuals gives rise to greater flexibility. This strengthens the fact that there is a change of paradigm in the way human capital is viewed. Through the human-oriented perspective, knowledge is seen as collective sense making and social practice. The objective of this chapter lies in this context of complexity, change, and adaptation within an economic and social reality based on knowledge. Therefore, the chapter aims to reflect upon Knowledge Management in companies such as universities where tacit knowledge is stored as intellectual capital in the minds of both lecturers and students and to highlight the need to instill the new paradigm which fosters knowledge creation and sharing in universities.
Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Dima Alina Mihaela
Published: July 2012

In order to overcome the challenges posed by globalization, an increasingly complex business world, and the transition to the knowledge-based economy, both academia and practitioners need to reinforce the importance of knowledge transfer activities between universities and other stakeholders and the development of new forms of transfer activities between academia and the external environment. As businesses, economies, and society in general become more global, and as the pace of change increases, they become more dependent on science and technology, on new and innovative forms of knowledge transfer, which are provided partially by universities. The knowledge in academics is an asset but also a liability. The innovation processes on knowledge management in education through knowledge transfer activities will facilitate the shift from teaching as the transmission of knowledge to teaching as the facilitation of learning. Drawing from the literature on knowledge exchange and foregoing observations, this chapter explores the innovation side of KM in education, based on knowledge transfer partners and activities. As academics continuously evolve collaborative forms of research activity and re-imagine the nature of academic-practitioner exchange and knowledge transfer, this chapter considers key contributions in the area and details important avenues that warrant further research.
The Role of Creativity, Innovation, and Invention in Knowledge Management
Authors: Cabrilo Sladjana , Grubic-Nesic Leposava
Published: July 2012

Globalization, fast-paced technological, economic, and social changes, and increased competition have affected the current business environment by changing the role of knowledge, innovation, and creativity in work, learning, and everyday life. Although Knowledge Management (KM) is usually explored separately from creativity and innovation, these concepts are closely related and in practice reinforce each other. Linking KM to innovation and creativity management in a holistic fashion has facilitated the examination of the knowledge management impact on innovation performance of organizations. In addition, this practice makes it possible to examine how creativity and invention can be used to increase the efficiency of knowledge management. This chapter focuses on the analysis of the role and importance of creativity, innovation, and invention in knowledge management. In addition, the chapter investigates the role of KM in innovation, and environmental and personal factors, which contribute to creativity, innovation, and invention in KM.
Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation in Teaching and Learning in an Interdisciplinary Environment
Authors: Dima Alina Mihaela
Published: July 2012

Keeping up-to-date with ever-changing technologies and striving to find innovative ways to integrate them into a classroom setting are constant challenges to all educators. Clearly, technology is associated with changes in practice, but the nature of this association is complex and contested. Innovation in education has always been related to technological developments, but it can also be achieved by introducing changes to teaching practices, curricula, and learning activities, all of which can be regarded as activities included in the knowledge management and transfer paradigm.
Knowledge Management in Practice
Authors: Masterson Fiona
Published: July 2012

Knowledge is created when individuals come together to solve a problem. Project-based learning focuses on solving problems. One aspect of the work of a 21st century design engineer is the requirement to work remotely on design projects. Engineers coming together to design a product face the problem of working remotely, collaborating, creating, and sharing knowledge. This chapter explores the use of wikis in a product design and development class at an Irish university. This chapter begins by giving an introduction to wikis and their use in education. The design project exercise and assessment process is described. The results of a study are provided that indicate that the vast majority of students found wikis to be a good tool for project collaboration. Wikis were found to be an excellent knowledge management tool that facilitates project-based learning.
Trends in the United States Mobile Wireless Industry and the Impact of a Merger of AT&T and T-Mobile on the Trends and Overall Competitiveness of the Wireless Industry
Authors: Meisel John B. , Navin John , Sullivan Timothy S.
Published: July 2012

Thirty years ago, the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) gave birth to the mobile wireless industry by granting two licenses in each cellular geographic market across the United States. In the next three decades the FCC continually provided more access to the electromagnetic spectrum which is a critical input for the provision of mobile wireless communications services to, in part, promote a more competitive market structure in the mobile wireless industry. One objective of this chapter is to describe and analyze the trends in the overall competitiveness of the mobile wireless market during this time by utilizing a modified Porter competitive forces framework. This analysis will be supplemented with an analysis of the most recent proposed merger in the mobile wireless industry – between AT&T and T-Mobile. The proposed merger is an example of a continuing trend in the industry, consolidation of national mobile wireless carriers. This chapter will analyze the impact of proposed merger on the ability of the remaining mobile wireless carriers to constrain the market power of the national wireless carriers in the industry. Specifically, the arguments for and against the merger by major stakeholders are reviewed. There are signs that the mobile wireless industry may return to a duopoly structure. Recommendations regarding the horizontal merger will be offered.
An Eclectic Perspective on the Internationalization of Australian Mobile Services SMEs
Authors: Hill Sally Rao , Troshani Indrit , Freeman Susan
Published: July 2012

In response to calls for further research and drawing from industry, network, knowledge, and institution theories, this chapter takes an eclectic approach to investigate the internationalization of knowledge-based service SMEs operating in the mobile services industry. The authors employ qualitative evidence collected from in-depth interviews with seventeen Australian SMEs that export mobile data services. They find that an eclectic framework inclusive of concepts inherent in industry-, network-, knowledge-, and institution-based perspectives is required to explain the complex phenomena concerning the internationalization of mobile data service firms. This framework is a contribution to the existing body of knowledge as it can help organizations that have internationalization ambitions to carry out in-depth analyses of their potential and opportunities.
Evolution of Mobile Services
Authors: Gregory Sunil Jose
Published: July 2012

In this chapter, the authors study the evolution of mobile services – from technology evolution, to evolution in mobile operating systems, mobile applications, and application distribution channels. They have tried to identify the factors which will influence the further evolution in mobile services, such as application store fatigue, emergence of enterprise mobile application storefronts, and device fragmentation.
The Development of Mobile Service Applications for Consumers and Intelligent Networks
Authors: De Coster Rebecca , Albesher Abdulrhman
Published: July 2012

The enhanced capabilities of mobile handsets are starting to include activities previously associated with traditional desktop computing capabilities. This extends the mobile handset from being used for connectivity to a range of purposes in both consumer and intelligent networks. This chapter examines the development of mobile service applications from current consumer telecommunication applications including context based services (such as location based services) to mobile internet-based services and the forthcoming applications for intelligent networks. Developments of both consumer and industry services in sectors with complex operations are examined in terms of service interactions by reviewing the adoption factors and the provision of services in terms of service characteristics and business models. This chapter develops conceptual frameworks for better understanding mobile services and mobile use in the context of intelligent networks along with emerging consumer applications.
Emerging Mobile Service Applications
Authors: Bendavid Ygal , Deban Ramin
Published: July 2012

This chapter discusses the adoption of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies as an emerging phenomenon enabling innovative mobile service applications. More specifically, it focuses on the healthcare sector by examining how RFID-enabled Real Time Location Systems (RTLS) can be used to enhance patient care processes while reducing costs of operations. Since different technological designs can be elaborated for a single application, there is a need for practitioners to have a better understanding of the technological options available on the market. Although much information is already available in the literature, many of it is not vendor neutral, resulting in more confusion for practitioners. This chapter addresses this gap by identifying specific comparison variables and using them to highlight the key differences between various RFID-enabled RTLS systems.
Security of EPC Class-1
Authors: Picazo-Sanchez Pablo , Ortiz-Martin Lara , Peris-Lopez Pedro , Hernandez-Castro Julio C.
Published: July 2012

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a common technology for identifying objects, animals, or people. The main form of barcode-type RFID device is known as an Electronic Product Code (EPC) and the most popular standard for passive RFID tags is Class-1 Generation-2. In this technology, the information transmitted between devices is through the air, therefore adversaries can eavesdrop these messages passed on the insecure radio channel and finally, the security of the system can be compromised. In this chapter, the authors analyze the security of EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standard, showing its security weaknesses and presenting some possible countermeasures.
Towards Sensing-Enabled RFID Security and Privacy
Authors: Ma Di , Saxena Nitesh
Published: July 2012

Recent technological advancements enrich many RFID tags with sensing capabilities. This new generation of RFID devices – supporting sensing, computation, and RFID communication - can facilitate numerous promising applications for ubiquitous sensing and computation. They also suggest new ways of providing security and privacy for RFID systems by utilizing the unique characteristics of sensor data and sensing technologies. In this chapter, the authors highlight these new possibilities and advocate the use of sensing-enabled RFID tags in security-critical applications. The purpose of this chapter is to bring awareness of these opportunities to both the research and industrial community, and to incite interests in sensing-centric security and privacy research and development for the future generation of RFID systems.