bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polydiacetylene‐Crosslinked Oligosiloxanes for Dual‐Mode Temperature Sensing
Authors: Motaghedi Fatemeh , Rose Lina , Sur Amit K. , Garg Garima , Nyayachavadi Audithya , Ahamed Mohammed Jalal , Carmichael Tricia Breen , Rondeau‐Gagné Simon
Published: December 2024

Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are versatile smart materials due to their unique optoelectronic properties and sensitivity to environmental changes such as temperature, pH, and pressure, leading to distinct color transitions. Despite advantageous features, the limited solubility and challenging processing of PDAs often restrict their application in sensor manufacturing. Addressing the limitations of PDAs, this work combines PDAs with oligosiloxanes to create a material exhibiting good solubility in common organic solvents, facilitating the formation of thin films through solution deposition. A meticulous characterization strategy is used, including Raman spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, to explore the thermochromic and electronic properties of the new crosslinked materials for the fabrication of optical‐electronic temperature sensors. The synthesized material displayed reversible thermochromism from 25 to 47 °C and a nonreversible transition beyond this temperature range. Dual‐mode capacitive temperature sensors fabricated from the new materials exhibited sensitivity (0.1 pF/°C) in the 25–80 °C range. The hybrid sensing mechanism developed enhances accuracy and reliability by monitoring temperature changes through both colorimetric shifts and capacitance variation. The development of new PDA‐crosslinked oligosiloxane not only marks an advancement in smart material technology but also opens new possibilities for diverse sensor applications.
Nonlinear Vortex Dichroism in Chiral Molecules
Authors: Cheeseman Luke , Forbes Kayn A.
Published: December 2024

The recent discovery that linearly polarized light with a helical wavefront can exhibit vortex dichroism (also referred to as helical dichroism) has opened up new horizons in chiroptical spectroscopy with structured chiral light. Recent experiments have now pushed optical activity with vortex beams into the regime of nonlinear optics. Here the theory of two‐photon absorption (TPA) of focused optical vortices by chiral molecules: nonlinear vortex dichroism (NVD) is presented. It is discovered that highly distinct features arise in the case of TPA with focused vortex beams, including the ability to probe chiral molecular structure not accessible to current methods and that the differential rate of TPA is significantly influenced by the orientation of the state of linear polarization. This study provides strong evidence that combining nonlinear optical activity with structured light provides new and improved routes to studying molecular chirality.
Unveiling Charge Dependent Law to Enhance Birefringence in 2‐Aminopyrimidine Family
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Liu Xu , Li Zijian , Jia Hangwei , Jiang Yansheng , Yang Zhihua , Hou Xueling , Pan Shilie
Published: December 2024

Salts and co‐crystals composed of planar π‐conjugated functional units represent a fascinating class of materials, featuring both enlarged birefringence and a strong SHG effect. Herein, the optical properties of π‐conjugated (C4H7N3)2+ functional unit within 2‐aminopyrimidine (2‐AP) family are investigated for the first time. Furthermore, twelve novel compounds are successfully synthesized by applying four different strategies. In these strategies, (C4H7N3)2+, (C4H6N3)+, and (C4H5N3) functional units are introduced into the crystal structure, both solely and in combination, to analyze the alteration in birefringence. Remarkably, a birefringence rule with (C4H7N3)2+ < (C4H6N3)+ < (C4H5N3), stating that an increase in net charge over π‐conjugated functional unit leads to a reduced birefringence, is discovered. Consequently, the inclusion of a charge‐neutral (C4H5N3) functional unit within the crystal structure along with coplanar arrangement is a promising approach to enhance birefringence. Furthermore, D‐2 [(C4H5N3)(H3C3N3O3)] realizes Δncalc = 0.412 maximum in the (2‐AP) family. Notably, both A‐1 [(C4H7N3)(CF3SO3)2] and B‐1 [(C4H6N3)2(IO3)2(H2O)] crystalize in the non‐centrosymmetric space groups, with B‐1 exhibiting SHG efficiency of ≈1.4 × KDP @ 1064 nm, with the shortest λPM at 384 nm. This work provides new insight into discovering novel birefringent and non‐linear optical materials with high performances in the wide chemical space.
Efficient and Stable Red‐Orange Emission from Polaronic Magnetic Excitons in Mn (II)‐Doped 0D All‐Inorganic Rb4CdCl6
Authors: He Bin , Ke Bao , Yang Chengzhi , Chen Yijun , Zhong Xianci , Li Weijian , Zou Bingsuo
Published: December 2024

The impact of magnetic coupling effects on the luminescence of 0D (zero‐dimensional) perovskite materials doped with TM (transition metal) ions remains underexplored. This study synthesizes Mn2+‐doped 0D Rb4CdCl6 halide structures using a solvent‐based method, with Rb+ ions systematically arranged around isolated [CdCl6]4− octahedra. The resulting Rb4Cd1‐xMnxCl6 powder exhibits stable orange‐red luminescence under UV (ultraviolet) excitation, achieving a PLQY (photoluminescence quantum yield) of 88.96%. The parent Rb4CdCl6 is non‐luminescent, but doping with Mn2+ induces strong luminescence due to combined emissions from d‐d transitions of Mn2+, weakly ferromagnetically coupled Mn2+ pairs, and STEs (self‐trapped excitons). Characterization via XRD (X‐ray diffraction) and DFT (density functional theory) reveals that Mn2+ doping occurs through both substitutional and interstitial processes, facilitating magnetic coupling. Raman spectroscopy identifies strong electron‐phonon coupling at a phonon mode of 112 cm−1, supporting STEs generation. Magnetic property analysis shows significant ferromagnetic coupling between Mn2+ pairs and paramagnetic single Mn2+ ions, enhancing luminescence. The material demonstrates remarkable structural and thermal stability, positioning Rb4Cd1‐xMnxCl6 as a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications.
DNMT3a Downregulation Ttriggered Upregulation of GABAA Receptor in the mPFC Promotes Paclitaxel‐Induced Pain and Anxiety in Male Mice
Authors: Tian Lixia , Li Xu‐Hui , Zhao Yu‐Long , Yi Hui‐Yuan , Liu Xue‐Ru , Yao Rongrong , Hou Xue‐Mei , Zhu Xuan , Huo Fu‐Quan , Chen Tao , Liang Lingli
Published: December 2024

Chemotherapeutic agents, such as paclitaxel (PTX), induce neuroplastic changes and alter gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which may be associated with chemotherapy‐induced pain and negative emotions. Notably, DNA methylation undergoes adaptive changes in neurological disorders, emerging as a promising target for neuromodulation. In this study, systemic administration of PTX leads to a decrease in the expression of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a, while concurrently upregulating the expression of Gabrb1 mRNA and its encoded GABAARβ1 protein in the medial PFC (mPFC) of male mice. Overexpression of DNMT3a in the mPFC alleviates PTX‐induced pain hypersensitivity, and anxiety‐like behavior in these mice. Additionally, it reverses the PTX‐induced increase in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the pyramidal neurons of the mPFC. Mechanistically, the upregulation of GABAARβ1 in the mPFC is linked to the reduced expression of DNMT3a and DNA hypomethylation at the promoter region of the Gabrb1 gene. Furthermore, a long‐term diet rich in methyl donors alleviates PTX‐induced pain hypersensitivity and anxiety‐like behavior in mice. These findings suggest that the DNMT3a‐mediated upregulation of GABAARβ1 in the mPFC contributes to PTX‐induced neuropathic pain and anxiety, highlighting DNA methylation‐dependent epigenetic regulation as a potential therapeutic target for addressing chemotherapy‐induced cortical dysfunction.
All‐Inorganic Perovskite Quantum‐Dot Optical Neuromorphic Synapses for Near‐Sensor Colored Image Recognition
Authors: Yao Yung‐Chi , Lee Chia‐Jung , Chen Yong‐Jun , Feng Jun‐Zhi , Oh Hongseok , Lue Chin‐Shan , Sheu Jinn‐Kong , Lee Ya‐Ju
Published: December 2024

As the demand for the neuromorphic vision system in image recognition experiences rapid growth, it is imperative to develop advanced architectures capable of processing perceived data proximal to sensory terminals. This approach aims to reduce data movement between sensory and computing units, minimizing the need for data transfer and conversion at the sensor‐processor interface. Here, an optical neuromorphic synaptic (ONS) device is demonstrated by homogeneously integrating optical‐sensing and synaptic functionalities into a unified material platform, constructed exclusively by all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs). The dual functionality of each unit within the ONS device, which can be operated as either an optical sensor or a synaptic device depending on applied electrical polarity, provides significant advantages over previous heterogeneous integration methods, particularly regarding material selection, structural compatibility, and device fabrication complexity. The ONS device exhibits distinct wavelength responses essential for emulating colored image recognition capability inherent in the human visual system. Additionally, the seamless integration of electronics and photonics within a unified material system establishes a novel paradigm for optical retrieval, enabling real‐time perception of the encoded status of the ONS device. These findings represent substantial advancements in near‐sensor computing platforms and open a new horizon for all‐inorganic perovskite optoelectronic technologies.
An Artificial Neural Network for Image Classification Inspired by the Aversive Olfactory Learning Neural Circuit in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wang Xuebin , Liu Chunxiuzi , Zhao Meng , Zhang Ke , Di Zengru , Liu He
Published: December 2024

This study introduces an artificial neural network (ANN) for image classification task, inspired by the aversive olfactory learning neural circuit in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Although artificial neural networks (ANNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in various tasks, they still encounter challenges including excessive parameterization, high training costs and limited generalization capabilities, etc. C. elegans, boasting a simple nervous system consisting of merely 302 neurons, is capable of exhibiting complex behaviors such as aversive olfactory learning. This research pinpoints key neural circuit related to aversive olfactory learning in C. elegans by means of behavioral experiment and high‐throughput RNA sequencing, and then translates it into an architecture of ANN for image classification. Furthermore, other ANNs for image classification with different architectures are constructed for comparative performance analysis to underscore the advantages of the bio‐inspired designed architecture. The results show that the ANN inspired by the aversive olfactory learning neural circuit in C. elegans attains higher accuracy, greater consistency and faster convergence rate in the image classification task, particularly when dealing with more complex classification challenges. This study not only demonstrates the potential of bio‐inspired design in improving the capabilities of ANNs but also offers a novel perspective and methodology for future ANNs design.
A Heparan Sulfate Mimetic RAFT Copolymer Inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection and Ameliorates Viral‐Induced Inflammation
Authors: Ling Jiaxin , Lundkvist Åke , Guerrini Marco , Ferro Vito , Li Jin‐Ping , Li Jinlin
Published: December 2024

The high transmissibility and mutation ability of coronaviruses enable them to easily escape existing immune protection and also pose a challenge to existing antiviral drugs. Moreover, drugs only targeting viruses cannot always attenuate the “cytokine storm”. Herein, a synthetic heparan sulfate (HS) mimetic, HMSA‐06 is reported, that exhibited antiviral activities against both the SARS‐CoV‐2 prototype and Omicron strains by targeting viral entry and replication. Of particular note, HMSA‐06 demonstrated more potent anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 effects than PG545 and Roneparstat. SARS‐CoV‐2 is reported to hijack autophagy to facilitate its replication, therefore boosting autophagy can attenuate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. It is revealed that HMSA‐06, but not a similar HS mimetic that failed to inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2, can upregulate cellular autophagy flux. In addition, HMSA‐06 was found to robustly block the NLRP3‐mediated inflammatory reaction in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected THP‐1 derived macrophages as evidenced by a reduction in inflammasome formation and the subsequent decreased secretion of mature caspase‐1 and IL‐1β. The HMSA‐06's inflammation inhibitory function is further confirmed using a LPS/ATP‐stimulated THP‐1 macrophage model. Altogether, this study has identified a promising HS mimetic to combat SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated diseases by inhibiting viral infection and attenuating viral‐induced inflammatory reaction, providing insights into the development of novel anti‐coronavirus drugs in the future.
Nuclear Overexpression of SAMHD1 Induces M Phase Stalling in Hepatoma Cells and Suppresses HCC Progression by Interacting with the Cohesin Complex
Authors: Shao Juntang , Wang Wei , Li Shiyu , Yin Guangfa , Han Lili , Wang Xinyu , Cai Meng , Yang Tao , Wang Ying , Qu Wenyan , Jiao Yanhong , Wang Peng , Xu Hanyang , Zhu Xu , Ying Songcheng , Xu Sa , Sheng Qiang , Fang Jian , Jiang Tongcui , Wei Chuansheng , Shen Yujun , Shen Yuxian
Published: December 2024

Emerging evidence suggests that the sterile alpha‐motif (SAM) and histidine‐aspartate (HD) domain‐containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is implicated in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its precise role in tumor cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns, prognostic values, and functional role of SAMHD1 in HCC progression. We constructed liver tissue microarrays using tumor and paired paratumor tissue specimens from 187 patients with primary HCC. Our findings indicate that nuclear SAMHD1 protein levels are increased in tumors compared to paratumor tissues. Moreover, nuclear SAMHD1 levels decline in advanced tumor stages, with higher SAMHD1 nuclear staining correlating with favorable prognostic outcomes. Hepatocyte‐specific SAMHD1 knockout mice, generated by crossing SAMHD1fl/fl mice with Alb‐cre mice, showed accelerated tumor progression in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced HCC model. In hepatoma cell lines, nuclear overexpression of SAMHD1 inhibited cell proliferation by stalling mitosis, independent of its deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) function. Mechanistically, SAMHD1 interacts with the cohesin complex in nucleus, enhancing sister chromatid cohesion during cell division, which delays metaphase progression. Our findings suggest that nuclear SAMHD1 plays a critical role in slowing HCC progression by regulating mitosis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target by manipulating cohesin dynamics.
3D Ordered Macroporous Mn, Zr‐Doped CaCO3 Nanomaterials for Stable Thermochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Li Han , Lin Jinfeng , Wu Jianze , Wang Jiashun , Wang Pengzhao , Kang Guojian , Huang Shuping , Fu Mingkai , Wei Jinjia , Ding Zhengxin , Long Jinlin
Published: December 2024

Developing high‐performance Ca‐based materials that can work for long‐term heat transfer and storage in concentrated solar power plants is crucial to achieve the large‐scale conversion of solar photon fluxes to dispatchable electricity. This work demonstrates that a series of Mn, Zr co‐doped CaCO3 nanomaterials with the 3D ordered macroporous (3DOM) skeletons are successfully prepared by a novel strategy of templated metal salt co‐precipitation. The characterization results indicate that a majority of Zr and Mn are atomically dispersed into the highly‐crystallized CaCO3 framework, whereas a minor amount of Mn is present in the form of CaMnO3 nanoparticles (NPs). The optimal 3DOM material made by templating with PS microspheres with a diameter of ≈350 nm, 3DOM‐Ca80Mn10Zr10, shows a solar light absorptance of ≈74.1% and an initial energy storage density of 1706.4 kJ kg−1. Importantly, it gives an impressive energy storage density loss of < 6.0% and maintains above 1600 kJ kg−1 after 125 cycles. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the co‐doping of Mn and Zr into the CaO crystal lattice offers a strong affinity to [Ca4O4] clusters, as a result, the anti‐sintering of CaO NPs is significantly enhanced under high temperature.
Enhancing Field‐Like Efficiency Via Interface Engineering with Sub‐Atomic Layer Ta Insertion
Authors: Wang Shuanghai , He Kun , Li Caitao , Xu Yongkang , Dai Xingze , Wang Taikun , Liu Yu , Li Yao , Xu Yongbing , He Liang
Published: December 2024

The prevailing research emphasis has been on reducing the critical switching current density (Jc) by enhancing the damping‐like efficiency (βDL). However, recent studies have shown that the field‐like efficiency (βFL) can also play a major role in reducing Jc. In this study, the central inversion asymmetry of Pt‐Co is significantly enhanced through interface engineering at the sub‐atomic layer of Ta, thereby inducing substantial alterations in the βFL associated with the interface. The βFL has shown a 123% increase, from −1.66 Oe/(MA cm−2) to ‐3.8 Oe/(MA cm−2). As a result, the multilayered Ta/Pt/Ta (0.3 nm insertion)/Co/Ta structure leads to a notable decrease in Jc, exceeding a remarkable 90% compared to the simpler Ta/Pt/Co/Ta structure, ultimately achieving a significantly low value of 2.7 MA cm−2. These findings pave the way for the development of highly efficient and energy‐saving spin‐orbit torque (SOT)‐based spintronic devices, where further optimizations in interface engineering can unlock even greater potential in terms of reduced power consumption and enhanced performance.
Electric Field Sponge Effect of Conducting Polymer Interphases Boosts the Kinetics and Stability of Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Dengke , Zhang Ning , Zhang Yi , Chang Le , Tang Haohao , Zhang Wenming , Zhu Qiancheng
Published: December 2024

Aqueous zinc (Zn) batteries (AZBs) are regarded as a prime choice for large‐scale energy storage due to their high safety and low cost. Nevertheless, the issues of Zn dendrites and side reactions seriously limit the cycling stability of AZBs. Herein, it is found that the electric field sponge effect of poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a model conducting polymer interphase can boost the kinetics and stability of Zn anodes. During Zn2+ plating, the electron‐rich conjugated π─π bonds can accelerate Zn2+ migration and reduction. During Zn2+ stripping, the electron‐deficient conjugated π─π bonds can promote Zn2+ transfer from the Zn substrate into electrolytes. The Coulombic attractive/repulsive force‐regulated Zn2+‐plating/stripping behavior is similar to the absorbing/squeezing processes of water from sponges, so the electric field sponge effect is proposed. This concept applies to other conducting polymer interphases, such as polyaniline and polypyrrole. Moreover, the presence of conducting polymer interphases effectively suppresses the water‐induced side reactions on Zn. Consequently, the Zn@PEDOT electrode manifests a superior long lifespan of 5250 h (1 and 1 mAh cm−2) and an ultra‐high current density tolerance of 80 mA cm−2 and assures the coin‐type and pouch‐type Zn‐based full batteries with excellent cycling stability.
Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Hubers Nikki , Drouard Gabin , Jansen Rick , Pool René , Hottenga Jouke Jan , Ollikainen Miina , Wang Xiaoling , Willemsen Gonneke , Kaprio Jaakko , Boomsma Dorret I. , van Dongen Jenny
Published: December 2024

Monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins are studied to understand genetic and environmental influences on complex traits, however the mechanisms behind twinning are not completely understood. (Epi)genomic studies identified SNPs associated with DZ twinning and DNA methylation sites with MZ twinning. To find molecular biomarkers of twinning, we compared transcriptomics and metabolomics data from MZ and DZ twins. We analyzed 42,663 RNA transcripts in 1453 MZ twins and 1294 DZ twins from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), followed by sex‐stratified analyses. The top 5% transcripts with lowest p‐values were analyzed for replication in 217 MZ and 158 DZ twins from the older Finnish Twin cohort (FTC). In the NTR, one transcript (PURG) was significantly differentially expressed between MZ and DZ twins; but this did not replicate in FTC. Pathway analyses highlighted the WNT‐pathway, previously associated with MZ twinning, and the TGF‐B and SMAD pathway, previously associated with DZ twinning. Meta‐analysis of 169 serum metabolites in 2797 MZ and 2040 DZ twins from the NTR, FTC and FinnTwin12, showed no metabolomic differences. Overall, we did not find replicable transcript‐level expression differences in blood between MZ and DZ twins, but highlighted the TGF‐B/SMAD pathway as a potential transcriptional biomarker for DZ twinning.
Microcrystalline Cellulose and Cellulose Nanocrystals: Ecofriendly and Sustainable Support Materials in Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Green Organic Transformations
Authors: Sharma Vinay S. , Mishra Saloni , Sharma Anuj S. , Sharma Neha , Varma Rajender S. , Shrivastav Pranav S. , Ammathnadu Sudhakar Achalkumar
Published: December 2024

The utilization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as supports for nanocatalysts has garnered considerable interest in recent research due to their unique properties and several advantages. In this regard, we present a review of the use of MCC or CNC‐based nanocatalysts and their catalytic performance in organic reactions under milder and sustainable reaction conditions. The inherent advantages of MCC, such as its abundance, biocompatibility, and versatile surface, make it more attractive support material for nanocatalysts. Similarly, CNCs, with their high surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and sustainable nature, offer promising prospects for enhancing catalytic processes. The synergy between the cellulose‐based material and nanoparticles exhibits several novel properties. This review highlights the key features, advantages, and catalytic applications of MCC as well as CNC‐supported nanocatalysts, emphasizing their role in promoting more sustainable and efficient organic transformations.
Initial pig developmental stage influences intestinal organoid growth but not cellular composition
Authors: Duchesne Camille , Randuineau Gwénaëlle , Le Normand Laurence , Romé Véronique , Laraqui Samia , Arnaud Alexis Pierre , Boudry Gaëlle
Published: December 2024

Background

Intestinal organoids are promising tools in the context of animal experiment reduction but a thorough characterization of the impact of the origin of intestinal stem cells (ISC) on organoid phenotype is needed to routinely use this cellular model. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of ISC donor age on the growth, morphology and cellular composition of intestinal organoids derived from pig.

Methods

Organoids were derived from jejunal and colonic ISC obtained from 1‐, 7‐, 28‐, 36‐ and 180‐day‐old pigs and passaged three times.

Results

We first confirmed by qPCR that the expression of 18% of the >80 studied genes related to various intestinal functions differed between jejunal and colonic organoids after two passages (p < 0.05). Growth and morphology of organoids depended on intestinal location (greater number and larger organoids derived from colonic than jejunal ISC, p < 0.05) but also pig age. Indeed, when ISC were derived from young piglets, the ratio of organoids to spheroids was greater (p < 0.05), spheroids were larger during the primary culture but smaller after two passages (p < 0.05) and organoids were smaller after one passage (p > 0.05) compared to ISC from older pigs. Finally, no difference in cellular composition, evaluated by immunostaining of markers of the major intestinal cell types (absorptive, enteroendocrine and goblet cells) was observed between organoids originating from 7‐ or 180‐day‐old pigs, but differences between intestinal site origins were noticed.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while the age of the tissue donor affected organoid growth and morphology, it did not influence the phenotype.
Association of Therapies for Axial Spondyloarthritis on the Risk of Hip and Spine Fractures
Authors: Driscoll Devin , George Navya , Peloquin Christine , Jafarzadeh S. Reza , Liew Jean W. , Dubreuil Maureen
Published: December 2024

Objective

People with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) have increased fracture risk relative to the general population, possibly related to those with chronic inflammation. We assessed the impact of treatment with receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) and nonbiologic conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) on hip and spine fractures in patients with axSpA, relative to receiving nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Methods

We conducted a nested case–control study using 2006 to 2021 data from the Merative MarketScan Database. We included adults 18 to 65 years old with at least one inpatient or at least two outpatient axSpA International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9), or International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10), diagnosis codes separated by at least seven days. The primary outcome was hip and/or spine fracture, defined by ICD‐9 or ICD‐10 diagnosis or procedure codes. For each patient with fracture (cases), we selected up to 10 controls without fracture. We evaluated medication exposure (TNFis, csDMARDs, NSAIDs [referent], or none) hierarchically using pharmacy claims and procedure codes. We assessed the relation of medication exposure with hip and spine fracture risk using unconditional logistic regression with confounder adjustment.

Results

Our main analysis included 13,519 individuals with axSpA, comprising 1,229 patients with fracture and 12,290 controls. Individuals receiving TNFis had 29% lower odds of fracture compared to those receiving NSAIDs (odds ratio [OR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.85), accounting for age, sex, and diagnosis year. Results were similar in the fully adjusted model (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.91) and when stratified by sex.

Conclusion

Using a large US insurance claims database, we found evidence for a protective effect of receiving TNFis on fracture risk in patients with axSpA underscoring a potential impact of TNFis in diminishing comorbidities linked with axSpA.
Disentangling the perceptual underpinnings of autism: Evidence from a face aftereffects experiment
Authors: Hennig Julius , Doose Arne , Breier Clara Marie , Soutschek Alexander , Beyer Nicole , Schweinberger Stefan , Kamp‐Becker Ingeborg , Poustka Luise , Albertowski Katja , Roessner Veit , Ehrlich Stefan
Published: December 2024

Existing literature has documented diminished norm‐based adaptation (aftereffects) across several perceptual domains in autism. However, the exact underlying mechanisms, such as sensory dominance possibly caused by imprecise priors and/or increased sensory precision, remain elusive. The “Bayesian brain” framework offers refined methods to investigate these mechanisms. This study utilized both model‐free (frequentist statistics) and model‐based (hierarchical Drift Diffusion Modeling) analytical approaches to compare gender face aftereffects in male adolescents with autism (n = 29) to neurotypical controls (n = 39) using a behavioral choice experiment. Contrary to our initial hypotheses, our analyses did not find support for imprecise priors or increased sensory precision within the autistic group. Instead, we observed generally decreased drift rates towards male but not female stimuli in the autistic group. Thus, our findings suggest a lack of own‐gender bias in face processing among the autistic participants. These findings align with more recent behavioral and neurophysiological research observing intact priors in individuals with autism, suggesting that other mechanisms may better explain the perceptual challenges in autism. Our study contributes to the ongoing discourse on perceptual processing in autism, emphasizing the necessity for more nuanced analytical approaches in order to unravel the complexity of this condition.
Business Models for Strong Circularity—The Role of Informative Policy Instruments Promoting Repair
Authors: Bergmann Marcus , Ntsondé Joël , Beulque Rémi , Micheaux Helen
Published: December 2024

To promote the circular economy and change unsustainable business practices, policymakers are increasingly implementing novel policy instruments. Fostering repair is increasingly seen as a concrete strategy towards strong circularity, involving disruptive business model (BM) transformations.

This study explores the impact of the recently implemented mandatory repairability index in France on BMs, utilizing a case study methodology with an embedded design.

Our findings reveal 19 emerging company practices that affect all main BM dimensions. We identify three ways retailers and manufacturers adopt the index to shift towards repair‐oriented BMs.

While the literature on the interplay between public policies and circular BMs has mainly focused on command‐and‐control policies for circular economy strategies other than repair, we show how an informative policy instrument transcends its role as mere consumer information. Instead, it emerges as a versatile management tool, facilitating the adoption or up scaling of diverse repair activities. However, informative instruments do not ensure widespread diffusion of repair‐based BMs. Instead, we emphasize the imperative of promoting repair through a comprehensive and evolving policy mix.
Assessment and Prediction of Salivary Gland Function After Head and Neck Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Le Guevelou J. , Palard‐Novello X. , Kammerer E. , Baty M. , Perazzi M. , Larnaudie A. , De Crevoisier R. , Castelli J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Modern imaging techniques with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) have recently been developed to assess radiation‐induced damage to salivary structures. The primary aim of this review was to summarize evidence on the imaging modalities used for the assessment and prediction of xerostomia after head and neck radiotherapy (RT).

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed using successively the MeSH terms “PET,” “MRI,” “scintigraphy,” “xerostomia,” and “radiotherapy.”

Results

Salivary excretion flow following head and neck RT is correlated with the dose delivered to both parotid and submandibular glands. Salivary gland standardized uptake value extracted from PET/CT following RT has been shown to be correlated with SEF. Models including early SUV decline or ADC increase during RT and clinical parameters can help predict the loss of salivary function after RT.

Conclusions

Modern imaging parameters appear to be correlated with salivary gland scintigraphy parameters. Models including functional parameters extracted from either PET/CT or MRI unveil new possibilities for adaptive treatment in a selected population of patients.
Roles of Copper Transport Systems Members in Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Yichang , Li Chen , Li Mengxin , Han Bing
Published: December 2024

Background

The occurrence and progression of breast cancer are closely linked to copper ion homeostasis. Both copper deficiency and excess can inhibit breast cancer growth, while copper transport systems may contribute to its progression by regulating copper ion transport and the activity of associated proteins. However, a comprehensive review of the roles and applications of copper transport systems in breast cancer remains limited. In this study, we summarize the workflow of copper transport systems and the dual role of copper in cancer, highlighting the contributions of specific members of the copper transport system to breast cancer.

Methods

A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify articles published over the past 30 years that focus on the relationship between copper transport system members and breast cancer. The findings were synthesized to elucidate the roles and mechanisms of these transporters in the onset and progression of breast cancer.

Results

We identified 13 members of the copper transport system associated with the occurrence, progression, and mortality of breast cancer, including SLC31A1, DMT1, ATP7A, ATP7B, MTs, GSH, ATOX1, CCS, COX17, SCO1, SCO2, and COX11. Our findings revealed that, apart from STEAP, the remaining 12 members were overexpressed in breast cancer. These members influence the onset, progression, and cell death of breast cancer by modulating biological pathways such as intracellular copper ion levels and ROS. Notably, we observed for the first time that depletion of the copper storage protein GSH leads to increased copper ion accumulation, resulting in cuproptosis in breast cancer cells.

Conclusion

By integrating the members of the copper transport system in breast cancer, we offer novel insights for the treatment of breast cancer and copper‐related therapies.
In Silico Analysis of Curcumin's Targeted Cancer Therapy: Folate Receptor Pathways and Molecular Interaction Insights
Authors: Rajimon K. J. , Almeer Rafa , Thangaiyan Pooventhiran , Khairbek Ali , Thomas Renjith
Published: December 2024

This study explores the therapeutic potential of curcumin (CUR) in cancer therapy, specifically examining its targeted transport through folate receptors and its interaction with certain proteins in breast cancer cell lines. We employed molecular docking technique to assess the binding affinities of CUR with proteins 1H1Q, 1UOM, 4JDD, 5U2D and MCF10A normal breast epithelial cell line protein 5UGB. Out of these, the CUR–1H1Q complex exhibited the greatest binding affinity. To assess the stability of this complex in a biological setting, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations of the 1H1Q–CUR complex for a duration of 100 ns. The simulations demonstrated an extremely stable Cα‐backbone, exhibiting a consistently low root mean square deviation. The radius of gyration measurements suggested a condensed structure with specific areas of flexibility. The simulation revealed a consistent hydrogen bond between CUR and 1H1Q, indicating a robust and long‐lasting interaction between the two molecules. The results indicate that the cytotoxicity of curcumin on MCF7 cancer cell lines is mainly affected by its interactions with several proteins found in these cancer cells. Among the four proteins tested, 1H1Q has the greatest influence. The high affinity of these proteins for curcumin, which results in the creation of stable complexes, seems to trigger cell death. Curcumin's biocompatibility and toxicological effects were investigated in both normal and cancerous cell lines. The study revealed enhanced biocompatibility and potential toxicity in cancerous cell lines, while demonstrating reduced toxicity in normal cell lines.
Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Methyl‐Menadione Derivatives: Evaluation of Electrochemical and Antiparasitic Properties against two Blood‐Dwelling Parasites
Authors: Dupouy Baptiste , Karpstein Tanja , Häberli Cécile , Cal Monica , Rottmann Matthias , Mäser Pascal , Keiser Jennifer , Elhabiri Mourad , Davioud‐Charvet Elisabeth
Published: December 2024

This study explores the synthesis and evaluation of novel 1,2,3‐triazole‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone hybrids, focusing on their electrochemical properties and antiparasitic efficacies against two human blood‐dwelling parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma mansoni. Using copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), a well‐established tool in click chemistry, two synthetic routes were assessed to develop α‐ and β‐[triazole‐methyl]‐menadione derivatives. By optimizing the CuAAC reaction conditions, yields were significantly improved, reaching up to 94 % for key intermediates and resulting in the formation of a library of approximately 30 compounds. Biological evaluation of the compounds in antiparasitic drug assays demonstrated notable antischistosomal potencies, while no significant activity was observed for the same series against P. falciparum parasites. Electrochemical and ‘benzylic’ oxidation studies confirmed that the active ‘benzoyl’ metabolite responsible for the antiplasmodial activity of plasmodione cannot be generated. These findings highlight the potential of triazole‐linked menadione hybrids as promising early candidates for antischistosomal drug development, and provides insights into structure‐activity relationships crucial for future therapeutic strategies.
Association mapping of drought stress response for yield and quality traits in barley
Authors: Sapkota Suraj , Mndolwa Eninka , Hu Gongshe , Fiedler Jason , Nandety Raja Sekhar , Carlson Craig H. , Klos Kathy Esvelt
Published: December 2024

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal crop grown worldwide for human consumption, malting, and animal feed. Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that reduce grain yield and quality in barley. This study was conducted to evaluate a set of 250 barley lines grown under irrigated, water‐stressed, and rainfed conditions and to identify genomic regions associated with 10 traits related to grain yield and quality across eight independent field environments. Variability was observed among barley lines for tolerance to water‐stressed conditions in all tested environments. Genotype and environment both contributed to the phenotypic variation of the barley lines. Population structure analysis identified two subpopulations using 20,700 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Genome‐wide association mapping detected 74 significant SNPs (p ≤ 6.5 × 10−6), representing 14 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), on all barley chromosomes, except 3H. The QTL, QBG.ARS.7H, associated with beta‐glucan (BG), was consistently detected across environments and explained 13.93% of phenotypic variation. Carriers of the minor allele for the BG‐associated SNP, JHI‐Hv50k‐2016‐488035, exhibited up to 14.65% higher BG content, on average, compared with carriers of the common allele. This study advances our understanding of the genetics of barley response to water‐stress conditions and suggests molecular markers for QTL, which may be used in barley improvement.
Physiological changes and molecular regulation in sweetpotato responses to low‐temperature stress
Authors: Mu Fangfang , Zheng Hao , Zhao Qiaorui , Li Zongyun
Published: December 2024

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is highly adaptable to different soils and climates, but it is more sensitive to cold due to its tropical origin. Low‐temperature stress is a key factor affecting storage and has a significant impact on sweetpotato quality. During sweetpotato storage, prolonged exposure to low temperatures causes chilling damage to the root system, altering its physiological functions. This is manifested by wilting of the tuberous roots, nutrient loss, and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity. At the same time, it leads to a significant downregulation of genes associated with cold signaling pathways. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms of sweetpotato's response to low‐temperature stress, which is crucial for improving its quality during storage. In addition, methods such as high‐voltage alternating electric field, controlled atmosphere, hot water treatment, and hot air treatment can better preserve the nutrients of sweetpotato and maintain their high commercial quality during low‐temperature storage. This article reviews and summarizes key studies on the nutrient and physiological changes, as well as the molecular regulatory mechanisms of sweetpotato during low‐temperature storage, and identifies unresolved questions in this field. It provides insights for further research on low‐temperature stress in sweetpotato.
Creation and identification of diploid and tetraploid interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and Oryza barthii
Authors: Song Zhaojian , Du Chaoqun , Lv Pincang , Qiao Zhenhua , Liu Keyi , Zhang Xianhua , Wang Wei , He Yuchi , Cai Detian
Published: December 2024

Wild rice species are invaluable resources for genetic improvement of cultivated rice. “Breeding super rice using double advantages of wide cross and polyploidization” is a novel pathway in rice breeding. To exploit the favorable genes of wild rice fully, a technical system composed of hormone treatment, repeated pollination, hybrid embryo rescue, and chromosome doubling was established for efficient creation of distant hybrids and allopolyploids. Using the technical system, the diploid and tetraploid interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa L. and Oryza barthii A. Chev. were successfully established. Morphological traits such as lemma tip color, stigma color and exsertion, awn color and length of interspecific hybrids exhibited the characters of their wild rice parents. Some traits such as plant type and grain length were intermediate their parents. Overall, the fertility of hybrids was very low. The results of simple sequence repeat molecular marker detection indicated that the interspecific hybrids possessed the bands of both parents. After chromosome doubling, the grain size, and the seed‐set rates of the tetraploid interspecific hybrids increased significantly, but the tiller number per plant, panicle length, and the total grain number per panicle decreased significantly. The results showed the efficiency and importance of the technical system in establishment of distant hybrids and allopolyploids. The study provides novel germplasm resources for rice breeding and theoretical research.
Predictors of Outcome in Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Authors: Palmer Lilian P. , Kambanis P. Evelyna , Stern Casey M. , Rossman Setareh M. , Mancuso Christopher J. , Andrea Alexandrea M. , Burton‐Murray Helen , Becker Kendra R. , Breithaupt Lauren , Freid Cathryn , Asanza Elisa , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Cognitive‐behavioral therapy for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID; CBT‐AR) shows promise in improving clinical outcomes in children/adolescents and adults. We aimed to identify predictors of outcomes in CBT‐AR. We hypothesized that younger age, non‐underweight status, and presence of the fear of aversive consequences profile of ARFID would predict greater likelihood of remission post–treatment, and that presence of the lack of interest in eating/food and sensory sensitivity profiles would predict greater likelihood of persistence post‐treatment. We included sex as an exploratory predictor.

Method

Individuals (N = 94, ages 10–55 years) were offered 20–30 outpatient sessions of CBT‐AR. We collected clinical and demographic data at pre‐treatment, and remission status at post‐treatment.

Results

Consistent with our hypothesis, presence (versus absence) of the fear profile predicted an almost three‐fold increased likelihood of remission. Presence of the sensory profile, lack of interest profile, age, weight status, and sex were not predictors of ARFID outcome.

Discussion

The fear of aversive consequences profile of ARFID may be more amenable to treatment with CBT‐AR. This is the first study to identify predictors of treatment outcome following CBT‐AR. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and examine moderators.
Empagliflozin to prevent worsening of left ventricular volumes and systolic function after myocardial infarction (EMPRESS‐MI)
Authors: Carberry Jaclyn , Petrie Mark C. , Lee Matthew M.Y. , Stanley Bethany , Brooksbank Katriona J.M. , Campbell Ross T. , Good Richard , Jhund Pardeep S. , Kellman Peter , Lang Ninian N. , Lindsay M. Mitchell , Mangion Kenneth , Gardner Roy S. , Mark Patrick B. , Meyer Barbara , O'Donnell Joanne , Orchard Vanessa , Shaukat Aadil , Watkins Stuart , McConnachie Alex , McMurray John J.V. , Welsh Paul , Sattar Naveed , Berry Colin , Docherty Kieran F.
Published: December 2024

Aims

Patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) following an acute myocardial infarction (MI) are considered to be at risk of progressive adverse cardiac remodelling which can lead to the development of heart failure and death. The early addition of a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to standard treatment may delay or prevent progressive adverse remodelling in these patients.

Methods and results

We performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicentre trial using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction following MI. Eligible patients were those ≥12 h and ≤14 days following acute MI, with an LVEF <45% by MRI. Patients were randomized to empagliflozin 10 mg once a day or matching placebo. The primary outcome was the change in left ventricular end‐systolic volume indexed to body surface area (LVESVI) from baseline to 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included measures of left ventricular and atrial volumes, left ventricular mass, LVEF, and high‐sensitivity troponin I (hs‐TnI) and N‐terminal prohormone of B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations. From October 2022 to January 2024, 105 eligible patients were randomized. The mean age was 63 ± 11 years and 90 (87%) were male. The mean LVEF was 34.8 ± 6.0%. In the placebo group, LVESVI decreased by 7.8 ± 16.3 ml/m2, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) did not change (−0.3 ± 18.7 ml/m2) and LVEF increased by 8.5 ± 7.4% at 24 weeks from baseline. Empagliflozin did not affect the change in LVESVI from baseline to 24 weeks (between‐group difference = 0.3 ml/m2, 95% confidence interval −5.2 to 5.8; p = 0.92). Compared with placebo, empagliflozin also had no effect on LVEDVI, LVEF, left atrial volume index, left ventricular mass index, NT‐proBNP, or hs‐TnI, but did increase haematocrit and reduced uric acid and weight.

Conclusions

In patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction after an acute MI receiving contemporary standard of care, treatment with empagliflozin had no effect on cardiac volumes or LVEF compared with placebo. Progressive adverse cardiac remodelling did not occur in the majority of patients.
Synthesis of Gold(I) and Palladium(II) Complexes Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Thioglucosides with Selective Cytotoxicity Towards Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Bru Francis , Vanwynsberghe Maxime , Botter Eleonora , Tonon Giovanni , Visentin Fabiano , Schiavo Alessia , Rizzolio Flavio , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Scattolin Thomas
Published: December 2024

We report the development of an efficient and versatile synthetic protocol for the preparation of gold(I) and palladium(II) complexes bearing N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) thioglucosides and their azolium precursors. Gold(I) and Nolan‐type palladium(II)‐allyl complexes were synthesized under mild aerobic conditions using potassium carbonate as a base. Additionally, allyl palladate complexes were prepared via a straightforward solvent‐free method. In vitro assays on three ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR‐5, A2780, and its cisplatin‐resistant clone A2780cis) revealed interesting structure‐activity relationships (SARs). Gold(I) complexes with saturated NHC ligands showed enhanced activity, while Nolan‐type palladium(II)‐allyl complexes with unsaturated NHC ligands exhibited higher efficacy. Allyl palladates demonstrated similar activity regardless of whether the ligand was saturated or not. The most promising compounds display high selectivity for cancer cells, with cytotoxicity comparable to cisplatin on A2780 and OVCAR‐5 lines and superior activity against the A2780cis line. Notably, these compounds showed minimal toxicity towards non‐cancerous MRC‐5 cells. This selective anticancer activity is likely due to the presence of glucoside units, suggesting their role as targeting agents.