bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Atom against quantum attacks
Authors: Anand Ravi , Nandi Rimpa , Isobe Takanori
Published: November 2023

A significant amount of study is being done to review the security promises made for the various ciphers now in use as a result of the development of quantum computing technology. A general attack against symmetric key cryptography primitives that can reduce search costs to the square root is Grover's search algorithm. To implement Grover's algorithm, it is necessary that the target cipher be implemented as a quantum circuit. Despite being relatively new, this area of study has received significant attention from the research community. The authors have estimated the cost of Grover's key search attack against the stream cipher Atom, for the first time, under circuit depth restrictions defined in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) PQC standardisation process. The authors implement the quantum circuit of Atom in QISKIT, (open‐source software development kit for working with quantum computers running on IBM Quantum Experience). The results are also compared with other existing literature on LFSR‐based stream ciphers, such as Grain‐v1, Grain‐128‐AEAD, and Lizard. The authors also find that, to the best of their knowledge, in the existing literature on estimating the cost of Grover's attack on symmetric ciphers, Atom is the only 128‐bit key cipher that meets the threshold of ≈2170 set by NIST for quantum security of 128‐bit key ciphers. The authors also analyse the security of Atom against quantum TMDTO attacks.
Weight Prediction for Fishes in Setiu Wetland, Terengganu, using Machine Learning Regression Model
Authors: Hassan Nurzuhrah , Sheikh Abdul Kadir Siti Tafzilmeriam , Husain Mohd Lokman , Satyanarayana Behara , Ambak Mohd Azmi , Ghaffar Abd.Mazlan
Published: November 2023

Predicting fish weight holds several essential implications in ecology, such as population assessment, trophic interactions within ecosystems, biodiversity studies of fish communities, ecosystem modelling, habitat evaluation for different fish species, climate change research, and support fisheries management practices. The objective of the studies is to analyse the prediction performance of machine learning (ML) regression models by applying different statistical analysis techniques. This study collected biometric measurements (total length and body weight) for 19 fish families from three locations in Setiu Wetland, Terengganu, captured between 2011 and 2012. The study adopts two regression types: Linear Regression (i.e., Multiple Linear, Lasso, and Ridge model) and Tree-based Regression (i.e., Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost model). Mean absolute error (MAE), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) were used to evaluate performance. The results showed that the proposed ML regression models successfully predicted fish weight in Setiu Wetlands, and the Tree-based Regression model provides more accurate prediction results than the Linear Regression model. As a result, Random Forest is the best predictive model out of the six suggested ML regressions, with the highest accuracy at 96.1% and the lowest RMSE and MAE scores at 3.352 and 0.880, respectively. In conclusion, the use of machine learning is crucial for rapid, precise, and cost-effective fish weight measurement. By incorporating weight prediction into ecological research and management practices, we may make informed decisions supporting the conservation and sustainable use of fish populations and their habitats.
Habitat quality assessment in the Royal Belum rainforest, Malaysia using spatial analysis
Authors: Shahril Azhalin Sam Ahmad Aiman , Muhamad Nor Amal Najihah , Rafaai Nur Hairunnisa , Muhammad Jamil Rohazaini , Nawawi Siti Aisyah , Hassin Nor Hizami , Abas Muhamad Azahar , Hambali Kamarul Ariffin , Subki Noor Syuhadah , Mohamad Amir Hamzah Aainaa Syazwani , Ibrahim Norfadhilah , Abdullah Saiful Arif
Published: November 2023

Royal Belum rainforest contains various flora and fauna species, however, the assessment of habitat quality is still lacking. This study aims to develop the habitat quality zone in the Royal Belum rainforest. The downloaded Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS CI satellite images in the year 2020 from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) were processed using supervised classification and exported into vector data in ArcGis 10.8. Land use, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), buffer, and land structure were then analyzed. The result shows that the highest percentage and density of the land use of the Royal Belum rainforest is vegetation. Buffer zone analysis identifies the risky area for habitat in the range of 1km and 5km from the built-up area. The area within the buffer ring should be protected from building and construction to ensure habitat quality in that area can be maintained. This study will give a better understanding of land use and vegetation index assessment for future planning in the Royal Belum rainforest. Therefore, habitat quality assessment is an important tool that can help to identify areas of high-quality habitat that are crucial for the survival and reproduction of target species and to prioritize these areas for conservation and management.
Effect of isocyanate index on shear strength plywood properties using Acacia mangium polyurethane-based adhesive
Authors: Lodin Valeritta , Tahir Paridah Md , Yunus Ag Ahmad Mohd , Palle Ismawati
Published: November 2023

Polyurethane adhesive for wood bonding were prepared from the mixture of Acacia mangium (AM) polyol and 4,4’-methylene diphenyl diisocynate (pMDI). In this study, Acacia mangium polyurethane (AMPU) adhesives were prepared by polymerization between pMDI and AM polyol. Various NCO/OH ratios of AMPU adhesives were used to fabricate 3-ply plywood from Eucalyptus wyrai veneers. The effect of different NCO/OH ratios: 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 2:0, 2:2, 2:4 and 2:6 on lap shear strength and chemical resistance in cold water, hot water, sulfuric acid solution (pH2) and sodium hydroxide solution (pH12) were studied. The commercial PU adhesives were used for comparison purposes. The results show that PU adhesives prepared from pMDI with AM polyol with NCO/OH ratio at 2.4 have higher lap shear strength and chemical resistance by only showing slight degradation (2-8%) compared to commercial PU wood bonding adhesive.
Short-term microplastic exposure in fish larvae: The ingestion, elimination, and initial effect on japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae
Authors: Pratiwi Hilda Mardiana , Takagi Toshiyuki , Rusni Suhaila , Inoue Koji
Published: November 2023

Microplastics (MPs) have been found in the organs of various animals in water environments. However, studies on ingestion and the effects of MPs in fish larvae are still limited. Larval fish of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were employed to demonstrate ingestion, elimination, and initial effect of MPs after short-term exposure. Three weeks post-hatching (wph) larvae were exposed to fluorescent polystyrene microplastic beads (PS-MPs; diameter 1 μm) for 72 hours (exposure phase), then reared in MP-free freshwater for the next 72 hours (elimination phase). The larvae were sampled at several time points during the experiment. Sampled larvae were fixed, transparentized, and observed under a fluorescent microscope. MPs were detected predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Subsequently, MPs were counted using the fluorescence microscope. MPs were highly ingested during the exposure phase and still detected in the GIT after 72 hours of the elimination phase. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was also measured to examine the initial effect of MP exposure in larvae. ROS levels in larvae that ingested MPs were significantly higher than in non-exposure larvae. These results indicate that MPs remain in GIT for more than 72 hours, and short-term MP exposure can induce ROS activity in O. latipes larvae.
The pattern of digestive enzyme activity and growth of marine fish larvae mangrove red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Authors: Melianawati Regina , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya
Published: November 2023

Mangrove red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus is a highly valuable marine fishery and should be cultivated to ensure sustainability. The growth is crucial for larvae rearing, and the digestive enzyme influences the larval growth. This study aimed to determine the pattern of digestive enzyme activity and its relationship to larval growth. Digestive enzymes consisting of protease and amylase were quantified using a spectrophotometer, while lipase was tested using a titration method. Total length and body weight used to measure larval growth. Samples of larvae were collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Days After Hatching (DAH). According to the results, digestive enzyme activity was detected at 5 DAH larvae, even though the levels were deficient. Further, the digestive enzyme activity increased and exponentially correlated (r = 0.96) to larval age. The total length and body weight indicated larvae growth, which performed polynomial (r = 1) and exponential (r = 0.99) correlation, respectively, to larval age. Based on this study's finding, the digestive enzyme activity of mangrove red snapper L. argentimaculatus larvae increased in line with the increasing larval age. In addition, there was also a very close correlation between digestive enzyme activity and larval growth.
Reproductive biology of Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) in the southern waters of West Java (FMA 573)
Authors: Nurfaiqah Seplina , Kurniawan Fery , Simanjuntak Charles P. H. , Romdoni Taufiq A. , Munandar Arif , Lisamy Sisilia E. A. , Thanh Tran Trung
Published: November 2023

Indian mackerel is a small pelagic fish with important economic value in Java Island. This study aims to analyze the reproductive characteristics and determine management recommendations for the Indian mackerel in the southern waters of West Java. Fish monthly sampling collection was conducted at three fish landing ports: PPI Ciwaru, PPN Palabuhanratu, and PPI Binuangeun from July to December 2022. A total of 1,038 fish samples, comprised of 582 males and 456 females, were examined. The sex ratio was unbalanced, with a value of 1:0.79. Gonadosomatic indexes ranged from 0.19-0.95 and 0.45-3.41 for males and females, respectively. The fish fecundity ranged from 27,027 to 87,837 eggs. The Indian mackerel is predicted to spawn every month, with a peak season in August, and performs a total spawner pattern. The Indian mackerel reached the size of the first maturity gonad at 198.5 mm and 197 mm for males and females, respectively. Management strategies for Indian mackerel in the southern waters of West Java include setting the catch size above the first mature gonad size (197 mm), the mesh size of gillnets above 1.5 inches, and limiting fishing activities during the spawning season (July, August, and September).
Digital technologies for remote control and monitoring in road construction
Authors: Glebushkina Lyudmila , Tokarev Aleksey
Published: November 2023

The use of UAVs is becoming more pressing than ever with the ever-increasing need for computerization and digitalization in the construction industry. The article discusses the issues of effective use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the process of road construction and subsequent operation of linear capital construction projects. The study is devoted to identifying the practical capabilities of UAV technologies for their effective use in the realities of a construction site. The process of studying scientific publications is based on the descriptive method of scientific research, analysis of specialized literature in the field of construction production and the study of world experience in the practical use of UAV technologies. The article identifies the possibilities of unmanned technology for monitoring, controlling material and financial costs, reducing the level of injuries, solving environmental problems that arise during the period of road construction and during the operation of linear objects, as well as their repair or reconstruction. The authors identified some limitations and forty-one additional capabilities of unmanned aerial technologies. Eight criteria require improvement of the technological equipment used in the process of comprehensive monitoring of the quality of the construction process by unmanned aerial vehicles.
Outlines of digitalization of the clothing industry
Authors: Ibragimova Nuriya , Kharisov Vener
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to current problems and trends in the development of the clothing industry in the context of increasing digitalization. The key parameters of the state of the industry at various levels were examined: global, all-Russian, interregional and micro-level (online store of designer clothes). Scientific research made it possible to identify a number of features of the development of business organizations operating in this market in the Internet space, through the practice of using digitalization triggers. It should be noted that social networks have a huge impact on the analyzed sector. The largest of the existing ones attract a huge audience of more than 4 billion of inhabitants of the planet with completely different interests, confessional beliefs, behavioral attitudes. However, marketing tools based on direct-action contextual advertising, designed to promote through classical messaging, stop attracting new customers. Today, there is a growing demand for a unique experience of wearing clothes, building partnerships between customers and brands, and customization of light industry products according to the DoItYourself principle. All this becomes possible largely due to a significant reduction in the transaction costs of establishing communications in digital reality.
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for average prompt and total fission neutron multiplicities
Authors: Neudecker Denise , Carlson Allan D. , Croft Stephen , Devlin Matthew , Kelly Keegan J. , Lovell Amy E. , Marini Paola , Taieb Julien
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we provide templates of measurement uncertainty sources expected to appear for average prompt- and total-fission neutron multiplicities,
$ \overline\nu_p $
and
$ \overline\nu_t $
, for the following measurement types: absolute manganese-bath experiments for
$ \overline\nu_t $
, absolute and ratio liquid-scintillator measurements for
$ \overline\nu_p $
. These templates also suggest a typical range of these uncertainties and their correlations based on a survey of available experimental data, associated literature, and feedback from experimentalists. In addition, the information needed to faithfully include the associated experimental data into the nuclear-data evaluation process is provided.
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for (n, xn) cross sections
Authors: Vanhoy Jeffrey R. , Haight Robert C. , Hicks Sally F. , Devlin Matthew , Neudecker Denise , Herman Michal , Koning Arjan , Kelly Keegan J. , Thompson Ian
Published: November 2023

A template is provided for evaluating experimental uncertainties for neutron elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections andγ-ray production cross sections from (n, xn) measurements at laboratories with monoenergetic or white neutron sources. A typical range of uncertainties is presented for experiments detecting the scattered neutrons or the resulting de-excitationγrays based on a survey of available data and input from many experimentalists and theorists with extensive knowledge in the field. Models commonly used to evaluate the resulting cross-sections are also discussed. Suggestions are made regarding what experimental and uncertainty information is needed for data evaluations and should be included when reporting experimental (n, xn) cross sections. Uncertainty values and correlations are recommended if these values cannot be estimated for past data from the literature.
Speicheldrüsenkarzinome – Monozentrische Erfahrung zu Subtypen und deren Inzidenz über 42 Jahre
Authors: Krauss Christian , Wagner Steffen , Klußmann Jens-Peter , Pons-Kühnemann Jörn , Arens Christoph , Langer Christine , Wittekindt Claus
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund Speicheldrüsenkarzinome sind selten und heterogen. Über 20 Subtypen sind anerkannt und Risikofaktoren sind vielfältig. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Bewertung des Subtyps und weiterer Risikofaktoren bei einem monozentrischen Kollektiv aus über vier Jahrzehnten.

Material und Methoden 205 Fälle (Diagnosezeitraum 1972–2014) wurden retrospektiv erhoben und hinsichtlich der Verteilung von Risikofaktoren und deren Einfluss auf die Gesamtüberlebenszeit (overall survival, OS) statistisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse 19/24 (79,2%) der in der WHO-Klassifikation gelisteten Subtypen kamen in der Kohorte selten vor (< 5%). Davon wurden 10/24 (41,7%) Subtypen nie diagnostiziert. Das Plattenepithelkarzinom (PEC), Adenokarzinom (AdenoCa), Azinuszellkarzinom (AzinusCa), Mukoepidermoidkarzinom (MEC) und adenoidzystische Karzinom (ACC) sind mit zusammen 145/205 (70,7%) die mit Abstand häufigsten Subtypen. Risikofaktoren sind in diesen Gruppen signifikant unterschiedlich vertreten (z.B. lymphogene Metastasierung und Differenzierungsgrad beim AdenoCa und Alter, T- und UICC-Stadium beim PEC). Das 5-Jahres-Gesamtüberleben aller Patienten war 66,9% und unterscheidet sich signifikant innerhalb der häufigsten Subtypen. Ein unabhängiger Einfluss auf das Gesamtüberleben war in der multivariaten Analyse feststellbar für das Alter der Patienten (p<0,001) sowie das T- (p=0,003) und N-Stadium (p=0,046).

Schlussfolgerungen Die meisten Subtypen traten auch innerhalb von Jahrzehnten ausgesprochen selten oder gar nicht auf. Die häufigsten Diagnosen unterscheiden sich bezüglich der Risikofaktoren als auch hinsichtlich des OS, sodass 3 Risikogruppen gebildet werden können. Schlussfolgernd ist die Betrachtung von TNM alleine für die Prognoseabschätzung beim Speicheldrüsenkarzinom unzureichend.
Comparative Study of Small Vessel (under 0.8 mm) Anastomosed Free Flap and Larger Vessel (over 0.8 mm) Anastomosed Free Flap: Does Supermicrosurgery Provide Sufficient Blood Flow to the Free Flap?
Authors: Kim Hyung Bae , Hong Joon Pio Jp , Suh Hyunsuk Peter
Published: November 2023

Background This study aimed to quantify the blood flow of free flaps and compare the blood flow of small vessel (<0.8 mm) and larger vessel (>0.8 mm) anastomosed free flaps.

Methods This retrospective study included patients treated successfully with a perforator free flap in the lower extremity between June 2015 and March 2017. A color duplex ultrasound system measured the flow volume through the pedicle by analyzing the mean flow peak velocity, flow volume, and flow volume per 100 g of the flap.

Results A total of 69 patients were enrolled in this study. There was no statistical difference in peak velocity between the small vessel anastomosed free flap (25.2 ± 5.6) and larger vessel anastomosed free flap (26.5 ± 5.4). Flow volume (6.8 ± 4.2 vs. 6.3 ± 3.6) and flow volume/100 g (3.6 ± 3.9 vs. 6.2 ± 6.9) also did not show significant differences.

Conclusion Small vessel (<0.8 mm) free flaps showed similar flow velocity and flow volume to larger vessel (>0.8 mm) anastomosed free flaps. Blood flow to the small vessel anastomosed free flap was sufficient despite its small vessel size.
Silver Nitrate Catalyzed Sulfonylation of O-Propargyl Alkynes
Authors: Menezes Paulo H. , Sátiro Bárbara G. , Moura Igor M. R. , Almeida Cláudia L. A. , Freitas Queila P. B. , Oliveira Roberta A.
Published: November 2023

The development of new catalytic methods based on lower-cost metals under environmentally friendly conditions is still a challenge. Herein, we report an efficient strategy for the synthesis of vinyl sulfones from O-propargyl alkynes and sodium salts of sulfinic acids using silver nitrate, an inexpensive and readily available catalyst, under air atmosphere using aqueous conditions. The products were obtained in good to moderate yields, and the mechanism of the reaction was also investigated.
3-min All-out Test to Evaluate Aerobic and Anaerobic Indexes in Court
Team Sports
Authors: Kalva-Filho Carlos Augusto , Andrade Vitor Luiz , Garcia Cynthia Giovana , Barbieri Ricardo Augusto , da Silva Henrique Santos , Dos-Santos Julio Wilson , Papoti Marcelo
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to test the reproducibility of the 3-min all-out effort applied
using shuttle running and compare its values to aerobic parameters. On the first
day, 14 futsal players underwent an exhaustive test to determine the maximal
incremental speed (MIS) and anaerobic threshold (AnT). On the second day, the
participants performed the 3-min all-out effort (n=14), which was
repeated after 48 h (third day) to test its reproducibility
(n=11). Peak oxygen consumption (V̇ O2PEAK) and peak
blood lactate concentrations ([La-]) were determined from 3-min all-out efforts
performed through a 20-m shuttle run on the official court. The distance
covered, mean speed, and critical speed (CS) during the 3-min all-out presented
direct relationships with aerobic parameters determined through the incremental
test (r>0.62). The distance covered above CS (D’) presented a
direct relationship with peak lactate concentrations induced by a 3-min all-out
effort (r=0.81). Despite the acceptable levels of reproducibility
observed for most of the 3-min all-out variables, the minimal detectable change
for D’ was high (72%). Our results demonstrated the potential
use of mean speed to evaluate aerobic fitness. However, the applicability of the
3-min all-out shuttle run test to monitor training adaptations should be
avoided, at least in nonexperienced athletes.
Sequential One-Pot Synthesis of β-Amino-γ-keto-malonates from Nitro-Substituted Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Selvi Subramani , Meenakshi Maniarasu , Srinivasan Kannupal , Visalini Chidambaram
Published: November 2023

A sequential one-pot procedure has been developed to access β-amino-γ-keto-malonates from nitro-substituted donor–acceptor cyclopropanes and four different nitrogen heterocycles. The reaction proceeds through in situ generation of aroylmethylidene malonates from 1-aryl-2-nitrocyclopropanes via Kornblum-type ring-opening oxidation using DMSO and subsequent aza-Michael addition with the nitrogen heterocycles. To prove the synthetic utility of the resulting products, one of them was transformed into a pyridazinone derivative.
Synthesis of All Regioisomers of 2-Arylazaindole-3-acetic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Kim Taewook , Park Ju Hyeon , Jeong Cheol , Heo Jung-Nyoung , Cheon Cheol-Hong , Park Eunjoon , Kim Jong Mu , Kim You-Jin
Published: November 2023

A novel protocol was developed for synthesizing 2-aryl-substituted azaindole-3-acetic acid derivatives from 2-aminoazacinnamic acid derivatives and aryl aldehydes through an imino-Stetter reaction. Condensation of 2-aminoazacinnamic acid derivatives with aldehydes forms the corresponding aldimines, which are then treated with cyanide to yield the desired 2-aryl-substituted azaindole-3-acetic acid derivatives. Notably, this protocol could be employed for the synthesis of all regioisomers of azaindole-3-acetic acid derivatives by using the appropriate azacinnamic acid derivatives.
Positional Relationship between Two Microcatheters according to the Navigation Sequence within the Curved Vessel in Neuroendovascular Procedures
Authors: Ohshima Tomotaka , Miyachi Shigeru
Published: November 2023

In neuroendovascular treatment, there are many opportunities to guide multiple catheters into the intracranial blood vessels. We report the relationship between two microcatheters according to the guiding order with experimental in vitro studies. We hypothesize that in a bent blood vessel such as a paraclinoid region of the internal carotid artery, the catheter that was first guided tended to pass through the inside, and the catheter that was guided later tended to pass through the outside. The in vitro verification was performed using a microcatheter and a balloon catheter in a silicone vascular aneurysmal model. As a result, it was found that the two catheters were arranged according to our hypothesis. This finding was also observed during the actual operation of balloon-assisted coil embolization. The positional relationship between the two catheters according to the navigation order is very important, in particular during balloon-assisted coiling and stent-assisted coiling via a jailed microcatheter.
Significant Underreporting of Preoperative Hyposmia in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: Discrepancies Between Subjective and Objective Measurements
Authors: Jackson Lindsey F. , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Justice Jeb M. , Roper Steven N. , Blatt Jason E. , Lobo Brian C.
Published: November 2023

Objective The assessment of baseline olfactory function before endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) has been relatively limited compared with analysis before functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Our study addresses this knowledge gap, assessing preoperative olfactory function in ESBS and FESS and elucidating any differences.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing anterior ESBS or FESS at a single institution between 2021 and 2022. We included 171 patients and compared their reported and measured preoperative olfactory function using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test questionnaire and the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test.

Results Of the 171 patients included in this study, 30% of patients underwent ESBS and 70% underwent FESS. Of all patients, only 57% correctly reported their objective preoperative olfactory function. Of the 36 ESBS patients with measured preoperative hyposmia, only 31% correctly reported hyposmia, while 69% incorrectly reported normosmia. This distribution significantly differs (p < 0.0001) from the FESS subset (89 patients), with 64% correctly reporting hyposmia and 36% incorrectly reporting normosmia.

Conclusion Our analysis demonstrates higher than anticipated underreporting of preoperative hyposmia in patients undergoing ESBS as well as discrepancies between subjective and objective olfactory functions in the FESS population. The results highlight several gaps in knowledge regarding perioperative olfactory function that would be best examined with more thorough pre- and postoperative objective olfactory testing. This analysis demonstrates significant prognostic uncertainty for patients and providers and creates significant medicolegal uncertainty regarding the appropriate attribution of postoperative olfactory loss in cases without objective preoperative testing.
Prevalence of Tongue Normal Variant Lesions in Geriatric Patients with Hypertension in Surabaya: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Pratiwi Aulya Setyo , Marsetyo Riyan Iman , Inastu Candrika Ramya , Erawati Vint , Fitri Adinda Ratna
Published: November 2023

Introduction The risk of degenerative diseases in the elderly is higher due to aging and decreased body function. This process affects both systemic conditions and locally in the oral cavity. Aside from aging, degenerative disease itself can trigger the incidence of soft tissue abnormalities. Aging can cause structural and functional changes in the systemic vasculature, resulting in a degenerative disease such as hypertension. Elderly who suffers from hypertension can develop oral mucosa abnormalities and most of them are found on the tongue. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of normal variant lesions on the tongue in the elderly with hypertension.

Methods This was an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design done in January–March 2020. Samples were elderly obtained from several public health centers in Surabaya that matched the inclusion criteria. Subjective and clinical examinations were performed by oral medicine residents and specialists.

Results A total of 401 elderly were screened and 147 elderly (36.65%) met the inclusion criteria which are having hypertension and willing to participate in this study. Those who met the criteria, mainly were female from the 60 to 74 years old age group. Normal variants of tongue obtained from the examination were fissured tongue (90.48%), coated tongue (63.95%), crenated tongue (33.33%), lingual varices (12.24%), and benign migratory glossitis (4.08%).

Conclusion From this study, we figured out that fissured tongue was the most common normal variant lesion of the tongue in the elderly with hypertension. Coexistence between hypertension and tongue lesions can be developed from pathological changes of disease or as side effects of medication taken such as antihypertensive drugs.
Impact of Race/Ethnicity and Insurance Status on Obstetric Outcomes: Secondary Analysis of the NuMoM2b Study
Authors: Rayas Maria S. , Munoz Jessian L. , Boyd Angela , Kim Jennifer , Mangold Cheyenne , Moreira Alvaro
Published: November 2023

Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of race/ethnicity and insurance status on obstetric outcomes in nulliparous women.

Study Design Secondary analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-To-Be. Obstetric outcomes included the development of a hypertensive event during pregnancy, need for a cesarean section, delivery of a preterm neonate, and postpartum hemorrhage.

Results Of 7,887 nulliparous women, 64.7% were non-Hispanic White (White), 13.4% non-Hispanic Black (Black), 17.8% Hispanic, and 4.1% were Asian. Black women had the highest rates of developing new-onset hypertension (32%) and delivering preterm (11%). Cesarean deliveries were the highest in Asian (32%) and Black women (32%). Individuals with government insurance were more likely to deliver preterm (11%) and/or experience hemorrhage after delivery. In multivariable analyses, race/ethnicity was associated with hypertension and cesarean delivery. More important, the adjusted odds ratios for preventable risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and severe anemia were greater than the adjusted odds ratios for race/ethnicity in terms of poor maternal outcome.

Conclusion Although disparities were observed between race/ethnicity and obstetric outcomes, other modifiable risk factors played a larger role in clinical differences.

Key Points
Middleware: Cloud-Nutzung in der Medizin
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2023

Middleware ermöglicht es, die in der Cloud gespeicherten Daten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen und in unterschiedlichen Formaten für medizinische Anwendungen zu nutzen.
Bildportale: Ein Standard soll für Ordnung sorgen
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2023

Radiologen wollen gemeinsam mit Vertretern der Industrie einen technischen Standard für Bildportale entwickeln. Die Prozesse für das Herunterladen von radiologischen Bildern sollen dadurch vereinheitlicht werden.
Ein Jahr Im Amt: Jung, dynamisch, erfolgreich
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Seit November 2022 steht Sarah Lukuc dem Bundesverband Pflegemanagement als Vorstandsvorsitzende vor. Sie löste Peter Bechtel ab, der sich nach über 15 Jahren an der Verbandsspitze aus der Berufspolitik auf Bundesebene zurückgezogen hat. Mit ihr als Anchorwoman hat sich der Verband deutlich verjüngt.
States of Low Energy on Bianchi I spacetimes
Authors: Banerjee R. , Niedermaier M.
Published: November 2023

States of Low Energy are a class of exact Hadamard states for free quantum fields on cosmological spacetimes whose structure is fixed at all scales by a minimization principle. The original construction was for Friedmann–Lemaître geometries and is here generalized to anisotropic Bianchi I geometries relevant to primordial cosmology. In addition to proving the Hadamard property, systematic series expansions in the infrared and ultraviolet are developed. The infrared expansion is convergent and induces in the massless case a leading spatial long distance decay that is always Minkowski-like but anisotropy modulated. The ultraviolet expansion is shown to be equivalent to the Hadamard property, and a non-recursive formula for its coefficients is presented.
Gaussian representation of coarse-grained interactions of liquids: Theory, parametrization, and transferability
Authors: Jin Jaehyeok , Hwang Jisung , Voth Gregory A.
Published: November 2023

Coarse-grained (CG) interactions determined via bottom-up methodologies can faithfully reproduce the structural correlations observed in fine-grained (atomistic resolution) systems, yet they can suffer from limited extensibility due to complex many-body correlations. As part of an ongoing effort to understand and improve the applicability of bottom-up CG models, we propose an alternative approach to address both accuracy and transferability. Our main idea draws from classical perturbation theory to partition the hard sphere repulsive term from effective CG interactions. We then introduce Gaussian basis functions corresponding to the system’s characteristic length by linking these Gaussian sub-interactions to the local particle densities at each coordination shell. The remaining perturbative long-range interaction can be treated as a collective solvation interaction, which we show exhibits a Gaussian form derived from integral equation theories. By applying this numerical parametrization protocol to CG liquid systems, our microscopic theory elucidates the emergence of Gaussian interactions in common phenomenological CG models. To facilitate transferability for these reduced descriptions, we further infer equations of state to determine the sub-interaction parameter as a function of the system variables. The reduced models exhibit excellent transferability across the thermodynamic state points. Furthermore, we propose a new strategy to design the cross-interactions between distinct CG sites in liquid mixtures. This involves combining each Gaussian in the proper radial domain, yielding accurate CG potentials of mean force and structural correlations for multi-component systems. Overall, our findings establish a solid foundation for constructing transferable bottom-up CG models of liquids with enhanced extensibility.
A low-frequency vibration energy harvester employing self-biased magnetoelectric composite
Authors: Su X. S. , Yang G. G. , Fang F.
Published: November 2023

Global energy shortage puts stringent demand for energy harvesters capable of transforming external green vibration sources into electrical power. Employing a self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) composite of FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT (lead zirconate titanate), a prototype of vibration energy harvester is designed and fabricated. The energy harvester has a circular orbit in which a permanent magnetic cylinder reciprocates once an initial kinetic energy is provided. Upon a vibration signal, like handshaking, movement of the permanent magnetic cylinder causes an alternative magnetic field, which was applied on the ME composite. Via magnetic-force-electrical coupling, the ME composite of FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT produces output voltage. Finite element simulation is carried out to reveal the underlying mechanism of the harvester. The analysis shows that a maximum output voltage of 7.63 V can be obtained once an original potential energy is applied for the magnet. In particular, the magnet moves back and forth automatically inside the circular orbit with no need to further apply the energy. The effectiveness of the energy output is experimentally verified. When handshaking the energy harvester, a maximum open-circuit voltage of 5.51 V can be generated. The study offers a solution for power supplying some miniaturized or portable devices, such as small hand set and pedometer.
Local measurement of weak stresses on the surface of HgCdTe/CdTe/ZnTe/GaAs structures using the null method
Authors: Stupak M. F. , Dvoretsky S. A. , Mikhailov N. N. , Makarov S. N. , Elesin A. G.
Published: November 2023

A study of residual mechanical stresses in the surface layer of the HgCdTe/CdTe/ZnTe/GaAs structure based on the registration of the second harmonic signal characteristics of reflected IR laser radiation from the surface of the studied sample passed through a nonlinear crystal was carried out. It is shown that such a sensitive method makes it possible to obtain information about the anisotropy of the polarization of the reflected radiation, caused by the residual deformation. Observations of the fine structure of the angular sweep of the second harmonic signal suggest a complex structure of residual stresses related to the presence of misoriented areas. The results were compared with data obtained from measurements of the azimuthal dependence of the self-reflected second harmonic signal from the sample surface.
Counterion-controlled phase equilibria in a charge-regulated polymer solution
Authors: Celora Giulia L. , Blossey Ralf , Münch Andreas , Wagner Barbara
Published: November 2023

We study phase equilibria in a minimal model of charge-regulated polymer solutions. Our model consists of a single polymer species whose charge state arises from protonation-deprotonation processes in the presence of a dissolved acid, whose anions serve as screening counterions. We explicitly account for variability in the polymers’ charge states. Homogeneous equilibria in this model system are characterised by the total concentration of polymers, the concentration of counter-ions and the charge distributions of polymers which can be computed with the help of analytical approximations. We use these analytical results to characterise how parameter values and solution acidity influence equilibrium charge distributions and identify for which regimes uni-modal and multi-modal charge distributions arise. We then study the interplay between charge regulation, solution acidity and phase separation. We find that charge regulation has a significant impact on polymer solubility and allows for non-linear responses to the solution acidity: Re-entrant phase behaviour is possible in response to increasing solution acidity. Moreover, we show that phase separation can yield to the coexistence of local environments characterised by different charge distributions.
Estimation of the elastic and piezoelectric tensors of sapphire and lithium niobate from Brillouin light backscattering measurements of a single crystal sample
Authors: Ugarak Fehima , Iglesias Martínez Julio A. , Mosset Alexis , Laude Vincent
Published: November 2023

Brillouin light scattering is a versatile measurement technique of the dispersion of bulk acoustic phonons in amorphous and crystalline solids. It allows contactless and non-destructive characterization of the relevant material tensors of optically transparent materials, provided that the optical refraction indices, and in addition the dielectric tensor for piezoelectric materials, are known beforehand. The complete estimation of the anisotropic material tensors is often performed using many different crystal orientations, and hence different samples of the same crystal. In this paper, we consider the problem of measuring those tensors using a single sample of an anisotropic single crystal with trigonal symmetry. A complete measurement requires sufficient experimental diversity in the phonon wavevectors when sampling the phonon velocity surfaces, hence the consideration of a large number of directions away from crystallographic axes. We estimate all six independent elastic constants of non-piezoelectric sapphire (3¯ m point group) with a single X-cut wafer and the six independent elastic constants together with the four independent piezoelectric constants of piezoelectric lithium niobate (3 m point group) with a single Y-cut wafer. The estimated tensors are in close agreement with those reported in the literature based on resonant ultrasonic techniques.
Determination of optical constants for thin-walled glass cell based on Haidinger fringes
Authors: Zou Sheng , Zhang Hong , Quan Wei , Chen Xi-Yuan , Fang Jian-Cheng
Published: November 2023

A validated method based on Haidinger fringes has been proposed to measure the optical constants for thin-walled glass cells. The method can significantly enhance measurement accuracy by utilizing the reflected spectrum to determine the optical constants of the sample. The reflected light off the inner and the outer surfaces of the cell combined together and formed the interferential pattern (Haidinger fringes) detected by the photodiodes. Taking into account that the sample in our experiment is a sealed cell, we deliberately set the incident angle to a non-zero value. First, the measurement principle has been analyzed, and subsequently, the relevant experimental platform has been established. To reduce random errors, we recalibrated the relationship between the frequency of the laser and the operating temperature. Furthermore, the incident angle has been accurately estimated using the method of non-linear least squares. Finally, the weighted average, considering correlated uncertainties for all measurements, is 1.873 ± 0.005 016 mm, which showcases clear advantages over conventional mechanical methods that risk potential damages.
Response properties in phaseless auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo
Authors: Mahajan Ankit , Kurian Jo S. , Lee Joonho , Reichman David R. , Sharma Sandeep
Published: November 2023

We present a method for calculating first-order response properties in phaseless auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo by applying automatic differentiation (AD). Biases and statistical efficiency of the resulting estimators are discussed. Our approach demonstrates that AD enables the calculation of reduced density matrices with the same computational cost scaling per sample as energy calculations, accompanied by a cost prefactor of less than four in our numerical calculations. We investigate the role of self-consistency and trial orbital choice in property calculations. We find that orbitals obtained using density functional theory perform well for the dipole moments of selected molecules compared to those optimized self-consistently.
Reactive force field potential with shielded long-range Coulomb interaction: Application to graphene–water capacitors
Authors: Nwankwo Udoka , Lam Chi-Hang , Onofrio Nicolas
Published: November 2023

Electrode–electrolyte interfacial properties characterize the functioning of electrochemical devices, and reactive molecular dynamics simulations, using reactive force fields (ReaxFF) and charge equilibration (QEq) techniques, are classical atomistic methods for investigating the processes that govern the device properties. However, the numerical implementation of ReaxFF and QEq treats Coulomb interaction with a short-distance cutoff for computational speed, thereby limiting interactions among atoms to a domain containing only their neighbor lists. Excluding long-distance Coulomb interactions makes the description of electrostatics in large-scale systems intractable. We apply Ewald sum in the extension of ReaxFF to include long-range Coulomb (LRC) interactions and investigate the effect of the inclusion on the electrostatic and capacitive properties of graphene–water interfaces at different applied potentials in comparison with the original ReaxFF. The study shows that with the inclusion of long-range Coulomb, the capacitance amounts to 4.9 ± 0.2 μF cm−2 compared with 4.4 ± 0.2 μF cm−2 predicted by the original ReaxFF [with short-range Coulomb (SRC)]; thus, indicating that SRC underestimates the capacitance of water between graphene walls by 12% when compared with the 5.0 μF cm−2 predicted with the extended simple point charge (SPC/E) water model. Thus, the results indicate that LRC ReaxFF/QEq have the ability and advantage to model electrochemical processes at a more realistic Coulomb interaction description and foster the processing of the details about the operation of electrochemical devices than the SRC.
The experimental approach for the interleaved joint modulation of PHIP and NMR
Authors: Zheng Zeyu , Liu Min , Wang Xinchang , Jiang Wenlong , Peng Qiwei , Sun Huijun , Chen Zhong
Published: November 2023

Nuclear spin hyperpolarization derived from parahydrogen is a technique for enhancing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensitivity. The key to hyperpolarization experiments is to achieve rapid transfer and detection to minimize relaxation losses, while also avoiding bubbles or turbulence to guarantee high spectral resolution. In this article, we describe an experimental approach for the interleaved joint modulation of parahydrogen-induced polarization and NMR. We provide schematic diagrams of parahydrogen-based polarizer with in situ high-pressure detection capability and low-field polarization transfer. This approach can help to control the experimental process and acquire experimental information, one example of which is the attainment of the highest hyperpolarization signal intensity at 3.6 s after closing the valve. The polarizer demonstrates in situ detection capability, allowing sample to be restabilized within 0.3 ± 0.1 s and high-resolution NMR sampling under a pressure of 3 bars. Moreover, it can transfer polarized samples from the polarization transfer field to the detection region of NMR within 1 ± 0.3 s for completing signal amplification by reversible exchange experiments.
Coupled Eulerian Wall Film–Discrete Phase model for predicting respiratory droplet generation during a coughing event
Authors: Khoa Nguyen Dang , Kuga Kazuki , Inthavong Kiao , Ito Kazuhide
Published: November 2023

Infectious respiratory diseases have long been a serious public health issue, with airborne transmission via close person-to-person contact being the main infection route. Coughing episodes are an eruptive source of virus-laden droplets that increase the infection risk of susceptible individuals. In this study, the droplet generation process during a coughing event was reproduced using the Eulerian wall film (EWF) model, and the absorption/expulsion of droplets was tracked using the discrete phase model (DPM). A realistic numerical model that included the oral cavity with teeth features and the respiratory system from the throat to the first bifurcation was developed. A coughing flow profile simulated the flow patterns of a single coughing episode. The EWF and DPM models were coupled to predict the droplet formation, generation, absorption, and exhalation processes. The results showed that a large droplet number concentration was generated at the beginning of the coughing event, with the peak concentration coinciding with the peak cough rate. Analysis of the droplet site of origin showed that large amounts of droplets were generated in the oral cavity and teeth surface, followed by the caudal region of the respiratory system. The size of the expelled droplets was 0.25–24 μm, with the peak concentration at 4–8 μm. This study significantly contributes to the realm on the site of origin and localized number concentration of droplets after a coughing episode. It can facilitate studies on infection risk assessment, droplet dispersion, and droplet generation mechanisms from other sneezing or phonation activities.
3D boson representation of affine Yangian of gl(1) and 3D cut-and-join operators
Authors: Wang Na , Zhang Can , Wu Ke
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we construct the 3D Bosonic Fock space, which is isomorphic to the vector space of 3D Young diagrams as graded vector spaces. Then we use 3D Bosons to represent the generators of the affine Yangian of gl(1) and show that the generators ψj in the affine Yangian of gl(1) are the 3D cut-and-join operators.