bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine parts. Course design
Authors: Ovtov Vladimir
Published: September 2021

The textbook discusses the methodology of course design of general-purpose drives with a single-stage gearbox (cylindrical, conical and worm) and a V-belt or chain transmission. The procedure for calculating gears and constructing assembly drawings of gearboxes is shown, the development of specifications using the COMPASS-3D computer-aided design system is described. Examples of the design of drawings of the general type of the drive, assembly drawings of gearboxes and working drawings of parts of various types of gearboxes are given.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for independent work of students of engineering specialties studying in the bachelor's degree and specialty.
Institutional economics
Authors: Pischulov Viktor
Published: September 2021

The textbook deals with the development of representations of economic theory within the framework of the methodology of institutional economics. The main views of the representatives of this trend are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the construction of models of economic reality, the definition of the main concepts used in the course of institutional economics, and the formation of a system of these concepts.
For teachers, students, postgraduates, researchers and practitioners studying institutional economics.
Electrical engineering and electronics: laboratory workshop
Authors: Polyakov Anatoliy , Ivanov Maksim , Ryzhkova Elena , Filimonova Ekaterina
Published: September 2021

The textbook presents the main theoretical provisions, evaluation tools, laboratory work and homework for the courses of the electrical cycle. It is intended for self-study of the main sections of theoretical electrical engineering.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For bachelors and undergraduates studying in the areas of training 15.03/04.04 "Automation of technological processes and production", 27.03/04.04 "Management in technical systems", 13.03.01 "Heat power engineering and heat engineering", 15.03.02 "Technological machines and equipment", 09.03.01 "Informatics and computer engineering", 09.03.02 "Information systems and technologies", 29.03.01 "Technology of light industry products", 29.03.02 "Technologies and design of textile products", 29.03.04 "Technology of artistic processing of materials", 27.03.01 "Standardization and metrology", 18.03.01 "Chemical technology", 20.03.01 "Technosphere safety", 15.03.06 "Mechatronics and robotics" of all forms of education studying the disciplines "Electrical Engineering", "Electrical Engineering and fundamentals of electronics", "Electrical Engineering and industrial electronics", "Electrical engineering, fundamentals of electronics and automation". Theoretical provisions, scientific, practical and methodological recommendations can be useful when studying the disciplines of the master's program " Electrotechnical complexes and systems. Energy saving".
Actual problems of the history of political and legal doctrines
Authors: Zheldybina Tat'yana
Published: September 2021

The textbook is devoted to the main schools of law — natural law, positivist, historical and" revived " natural law. It is written taking into account the development and achievements of modern political and legal thought. There are control questions, tests, a list of literature necessary for preparing for seminars and the exam.
It corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of higher education of the last generation in the direction of training 40.04.01 "Jurisprudence".
It is recommended for undergraduates, state and municipal employees. It will be useful for graduate students when passing the candidate's minimum exams, when preparing doctoral dissertations, and for teachers of legal and philosophical profiles, as well as anyone interested in this problem.
Foreign economic activity: taxation, accounting, analysis and audit
Authors: Burdenko Elena , Bykasova Elena , Kovaleva Oksana
Published: September 2021

The textbook deals with the problems of conducting foreign economic activity from the point of view of taxation, accounting, analysis, audit, application of Russian and international legislation regulating this type of activity. All theoretical provisions are analyzed on the example of practical situations that arise in real practice. The presented theoretical material and practical situations are designed to help master the conduct of foreign economic activity.
The textbook contains diagrams, tables of typical operations, sample documents, verification tests on each topic, practical tasks and applications of the necessary documents for a more complete development of the discipline.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates studying in economic programs and studying foreign economic activity in depth, the textbook will also be useful for teachers of economic faculties of universities and practitioners.
Management
Authors: Reznik Semen , Igoshina Irina
Published: September 2021

The system of intensive introduction of junior students in the direction of "Management"is presented. The theoretical foundations of management and requirements for the main educational program for an enlarged group of training areas 38.00.00 "Economics and Management"are given.
The technologies of life activity that allow students to actively engage in the educational process and practical activities, get a job on the profile of training even during their studies at the university are considered. Special attention is paid to the formation of personal competitiveness and entrepreneurship of the student.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For junior students of higher educational institutions.
Energy efficiency of electrical equipment systems of autonomous objects
Authors: Zuev Sergey , Maleev Ruslan , Chernov Aleksandr
Published: September 2021

When considering the main trends in the development of modern autonomous objects (aircraft, combat vehicles, motor vehicles, floating vehicles, agricultural machines, etc.) in recent decades, two key areas can be identified. The first direction is associated with the improvement of traditional designs of autonomous objects (AO) with an internal combustion engine (ICE) or a gas turbine engine (GTD). The second direction is connected with the creation of new types of joint-stock companies, namely electric joint-stock companies( EAO), joint-stock companies with combined power plants (AOKEU).
The energy efficiency is largely determined by the power of the generator set and the battery, which is given to the electrical network in various driving modes.
Most of the existing methods for calculating power supply systems use the average values of disturbing factors (generator speed, current of electric energy consumers, voltage in the on-board network) when choosing the characteristics of the generator set and the battery. At the same time, it is obvious that when operating a motor vehicle, these parameters change depending on the driving mode. Modern methods of selecting the main parameters and characteristics of the power supply system do not provide for modeling its interaction with the power unit start-up system of a motor vehicle in operation due to the lack of a systematic approach.
The choice of a generator set and a battery, as well as the concept of the synthesis of the power supply system is a problem studied in the monograph.
For all those interested in electrical engineering and electronics.
How to defend your dissertation
Authors: Reznik Semen
Published: September 2021

Many applicants for academic degrees are sure that their main task is to write a good dissertation. In fact, it is necessary to solve not one, but at least two tasks: first, of course, to prepare the work, and secondly, to successfully protect it. But this is not so much a scientific as a managerial problem that requires its own ways and methods of solution. The methods of its solution are discussed in the proposed work.
The book is aimed primarily at applicants defending PhD theses, but it may also be of interest to those who are preparing for the defense of doctoral theses or are interested in the organization of scientific activities.
APLICACIONES E IMPLICACIONES DE LAS IDEAS DE M. BATJÍN EN EL ANÁLISIS DE TEXTOS ESCRITOS POR MUJERES.
Authors: Arriaga Flórez Mercedes
Published: September 2021

Las nociones propuestas por Batjín tienen gran relevancia en documentos escritos por mujeres, principalmente de textos autobiográficos. En el presente estudio se muestran cuatro aspectos distintos (categoría de la alteridad, teoría del enunciado, dialogía, cuerpo grotesco) que permiten analizar con mayor profundidad este tipo de textos tomando como referencia los estudios de género.
MUJER-RESISTENCIA COMO PROYECTO CONTRAIMPERIAL: PROPUESTA DESDE UNA SEMIÓTICA INTERCULTURAL.
Authors: Browne Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

Los discursos teóricos sobre la mujer se detienen, generalmente, en lecturas cerradas, homogéneas, donde, a pesar de las categóricas posturas feministas, la figura masculina es el punto de debate o el trámite en cuestión para romper los estereotipos en torno al mal llamado sexo débil. Nuestra propuesta, en síntesis, tratará de resistir a las lecturas binarias, y pretenderá potenciar una semiótica intercultural que indagará en las escrituras rizomáticas que, desde los postulados de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari (1976), se enfrenten a los proyectos heredados de la modernidad y que, en terrenos posmodernos (del capitalismo tardío), se reconocen bajo la denominación del Imperio. Por lo mismo planteamos esta mujer-resistencia como una resistencia contraimperial, como una vía de escape que, en palabras del propio Deleuze (1977) permita: “(…) llegar a tartamudear en su propia lengua (…) Ser como un extranjero en su propia lengua. Trazar una línea de fuga”.
LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN, LAS FRONTERAS Y LOS FEMINISMOS.
Authors: Silva Echeto Víctor
Published: September 2021

Desde que Iuri Lotman le otorgó importancia a la frontera de la semiosfera, como filtro que separaba el universo extra semiótico del intra semiótico, muchos cambios se han producido en las culturas, y el deambular nómada de inmigrantes, artistas, empresarios o mafiosos, han desestabilizado los límites desde los que se podían trazar las relaciones entre universos sígnicos diferentes. Son momentos en que los intercambios de personas y bienes culturales, vuelven porosos los límites de las fronteras, trazando para algunos autores, “fronteras invisibles” (Méndez Rubio), “epistemologías fronterizas” o “pensamientos de los bordes” (Mignolo), mientras que, para otros, se pueden agrupar -esas concepciones- en los Terceros Espacios (Bhabha), la transculturación (Ortiz) o la criollización (Glissant) del mundo contemporáneo. Desde esos espacios enunciativos las culturas subalternas del sur, en este caso de Europa, África o América Latina, desestabilizan el Norte o los supuestos centros de poder. No hay que obviar, tampoco, en este contexto, las posturas que señalan que la hibridación contemporánea no nos permite hablar más de fronteras (Silva; Hardt y Negri) por más porosos que puedan considerarse sus límites.
LISÍSTRATAS DEL SIGLO XX: EL TRATAMIENTO DEL AMOR POR EL SUJETO LÍRICO.
Authors: Cepedello Moreno Mª Paz
Published: September 2021

La mujer ha transformado el discurso poético. Han cambiado el discurso tradicional masculino. Por primera vez, se expresan por sí mismas y revolucionan el papel de la mujer en la poesía del siglo XX. Hablan de sus cuerpos, del cuerpo masculino, de mitos clásicos como Penélope, pero desde una perspectiva completamente distinta. Este artículo proporciona una muestra de este cambio.
INÉS DE CASTRO EN LA NARRATIVA EUROPEA ENTRE FINALES DEL SIGLO XVII Y PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XIX.
Authors: Lasa Álvarez Begoña
Published: September 2021

La figura de Inés de Castro y su relación amorosa con don Pedro de Portugal, conocido como Pedro el Cruel, han inspirado a lo largo de los tiempos a numerosos artistas. Buena muestra de ello son los diferentes géneros en los que se ha recreado esta historia, que van desde la poesía, la narrativa o el teatro, hasta la ópera o el ballet. Los acontecimientos históricos que rodean a Inés de Castro son de por si atractivos al entremezclarse el amor con las luchas dinásticas medievales. Sin embargo, los numerosos hechos y personajes que han ido alterándose, e incluso añadiéndose, con el paso del tiempo han convertido a Inés en un personaje de leyenda y hasta en un mito.
Adherencia al tratamiento en personas que viven con VIH: vínculos entre el modelo explicativo, los motivos y las prácticas
Authors: Gómez-SanLuis Anel Hortensia , Almanza-Avendaño Ariagor Manuel
Published: September 2021

Introducción: el concepto de adherencia reconoce que no todos los pacientes aceptan pasivamente el tratamiento y sugiere una relación más horizontal entre el paciente y el personal de salud. El objetivo es identificar el modelo explicativo, los motivos y las prácticas para la adherencia al tratamiento que emplean personas que viven con VIH en el estado de Tamaulipas (México). Materiales y métodos: el estudio se realizó a partir de la teoría fundamentada. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas con pacientes que acudían a servicios públicos especializados en VIH. Resultados: los participantes elaboran un modelo explicativo que integra en forma parsimoniosa conocimientos sobre la infección por VIH, el tratamiento antirretroviral y la adherencia, y que se basa tanto en la información que reciben de los servicios de salud como de su experiencia con el padecimiento. El modelo se vincula con motivos para la adherencia, como mantener la salud, seguir viviendo y cuidarse para los demás. Conclusiones: el modelo explicativo y los motivos orientan el desarrollo de prácticas para la adherencia farmacológica y no farmacológica. Los servicios de salud requieren atender estos elementos para la promoción de la adherencia a través del tiempo.
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: September 2021

Mark Greener summarises the latest studies relevant to primary care nurses
Clinical assessment for psoriasis in a primary care setting
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: September 2021

Suneeta Kochhar looks at what nurses need to know about this common dermatological condition
Special cases of hypertension: what nurses need to know
Authors: Bostock Beverley
Published: September 2021

Beverly Bostock explains how variations in this common cardiovascular condition can be managed
Analyzing Indonesian Students’ Google Classroom Acceptance During COVID-19 Outbreak: Applying an Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model
Authors: Zulherman Zulherman , Zain Farah Mohamad , Napitupulu Darmawan , Sailin Siti Nazuar , Roza Liszulfah
Published: September 2021

The primary goal of this study is to explore what makes teachers accept Google Classroom (GCR). GCR platform is an emerging technology that could support online learning activities by offering outstanding benefits such as usability, flexibility, and task adaptability. Many of the students in Indonesia have al-ready used the GCR platform since the government has tried to provide it as a free online learning tool to support learning activities during the pandemic. However, there is limited understanding of users' behavior, especially Indonesian students' acceptance of the GCR platform. The model is tested by administering the online questionnaire to 261 university students in Indonesia. The extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model (UTAUT) model has been applied to observe users’ acceptance of GCR. The result Performance expectancy (PE), Effort expectancy (EE) Social Influence (SI), Facilitating Conditions (FC), Trust of Internet (TI) and Trust of Government (TG) considerably affected users’ intention to use the GCR. Moreover, Trust of Internet (TI) and Trust of Government (TG) also knowingly impacted Performance expectancy (PE).
Single camera 20  kHz two-color formaldehyde PLIF thermometry using a dual-wavelength-switching burst mode laser
Authors: Liu Xunchen , Wang Yayao , Wang Zhen , Qi Fei
Published: September 2021

We propose and demonstrate a two-color formaldehyde planar laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy thermometry scheme using the third-harmonic of injection-seeded Nd:YAG lasers. The

28183.5

c
m

−
1

and

28184.5

c
m

−
1

peaks of formaldehyde are identified to measure the low-temperature combustion zone. Using a fast dual-wavelength-switching burst mode amplifier and a high-speed camera, high-repetition-rate (20 kHz) temperature field measurement is validated on a laminar coflow diffusion flame and demonstrated on a turbulent reacting jet in hot crossflow. Directly using the 355 nm output has the advantage of large energy and high signal-to-noise ratio. Combined with the fast dual-wavelength-switching method, the proposed scheme can greatly reduce experimental complexity and improve the understanding of practical combustors.
Prevalence and relevant factors of positive RF in brucellosis patients with arthralgia
Authors: Zhang Siwen , Hu Jing , An Shuqi , Li Mujinyan , Li Fande , Zhang Peng , Zhang Xiangyi , Yang Huixin , Wang Taijun , Luo Jingjing , Hu Fangfang , Liu Jiashuo , Zhen Qing
Published: September 2021

Background

Brucellosis is a critical zoonotic disease in the world, it is the non-specific arthralgia that make brucellosis patients easily misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in endemic regions. Elevated rheumatoid factor (RF) is an essential indicator of RA, and the RF in brucellosis patients is significantly higher than healthy people. Therefore, this study further explored the distribution of RF and the relevant factors of the RF positivity in brucellosis patients with arthralgia, in order to strengthen the recognition of physicians for brucellosis patients with RF positivity, especially in brucellosis-endemic areas, so as to avoid misdiagnosis and untimely treatment that may lead to malignant outcomes.

Methodology and principal findings

The medical records of all 572 brucellosis inpatients were collected in the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, China from 2015 to 2016. After excluding 106 patients without arthralgia, 5 patients who unwilling to perform RF testing and 16 patients with diseases that may affect RF, 445 brucellosis inpatients with arthralgia were involved in this retrospective cross-sectional study. 143 (32.1%) patients with RF >10 IU/ml were classified into the RF positive group, with an average level of 16.5[12.2, 34.7] IU/ml, of which 45 (10.1%) patients were high-positive with RF >30 IU/ml. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to further analyze the relevant factors of the RF positivity and found that age, wrist joint pain and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) were positively associated with RF positivity, with OR of 1.02 (P = 0.024), 8.94 (P = 0.008) and 1.79 (P = 0.019), respectively.

Conclusion

The prevalence of positive RF in brucellosis patients with arthralgia was critical, nearly one-third of patients had RF positive. Elderly men brucellosis patients with arthralgia, wrist joint pain and elevated CRP were at high risk of positive RF. It is reminded that physicians should focus on differential diagnosis during clinical diagnosis and treatment, especially in brucellosis-endemic regions.
(DIGSS) Determination of Intervals using Georeferenced Survey Simulation: An R package for subsurface survey
Authors: Pestle William J. , Hubbell Cara , Hubbe Mark
Published: September 2021

Systematic survey is a crucial component of the archaeological field endeavor. In low visibility areas, systematic subsurface testing is required, most often in the form of shovel test pits or “STPs”. Decisions about the interval between STPs, and the size of such units, impact significantly both the effectiveness of survey for site location and the efficiency of such prospection efforts, and yet “cookie-cutter” survey strategies are often employed without a thorough examination of their costs and benefits. In this work, we present a simulation-based method (DIGSS, Determination of Intervals using Georeferenced Survey Simulation) by which archaeologists can simulate the effectiveness and efficiency of different survey strategies for both prospective and retrospective applications. Beyond permitting the design and implementation of survey strategies that both maximize the possibility of site detection in a given region and that husband precious resources (money and time), this method permits the generation of post hoc correction factors that make direct comparison of previous surveys possible. While DIGSS was designed with archaeological applications (artifacts and sites) in mind, it has potential ramifications in other fields of study where discrete spatial sampling is used as a means of determining the presence, absence, or abundance of discontinuous assemblages materials of interest in a survey region. As such, we can envision potential application in the fields of geology, ecology, and environmental/pollution monitoring.
First-line treatment for lung cancer among Japanese older patients: A real-world analysis of hospital-based cancer registry data
Authors: Noda-Narita Shoko , Kawachi Asuka , Okuyama Ayako , Sadachi Ryo , Hirakawa Akihiro , Goto Yasushi , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Higashi Takahiro , Yonemori Kan
Published: September 2021

Aging of the population has led to an increase in the prevalence of cancer among older adults. In Japan, single agent chemotherapy was recommended for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for those, who were aged ≥75 years, while the Western guidelines did not recommend a specific regimen. In clinical practice, physicians are required to decide the treatment based on a lack of enough evidence. This study aimed to examine the prescribing patterns of first-line chemotherapy according to age in the real-world practice. Data from the survey database of Diagnostic Procedure Combination and hospital-based cancer registries of designated cancer centers nationwide were used. The first-line chemotherapy regimens among 9,737 patients who were diagnosed with advanced lung cancer between January and December 2013, were identified and compared based on age. We found that the proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy decreased with age; 80.0%, 70.4%, 50.6%, and 30.2% of patients aged 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, and ≥ 85 years, respectively, received chemotherapy. Among them, platinum doublets were prescribed for 62.7% of the patients who were aged ≥ 70 years, and 60.7% of the patients who were aged ≥ 75 years with no driver mutations in NSCLC; only 37.6% of them received single agents. Patients who were aged ≥ 80 years also preferred platinum doublets (35.6%). Carboplatin was commonly prescribed in all age groups; only 28.4% of those receiving platinum doublets selected cisplatin. In this study, platinum doublets were identified as the most commonly prescribed regimen in those who were aged ≥ 70 years. Despite recommendations of Japanese guidelines for NSCLC, 60.7% of those who were aged ≥75 years received platinum doublets. Additionally, patients who were aged ≥ 80 years also received systemic chemotherapy, including platinum doublets; age did not solely influence regimen selection.
Diarrhea and associated factors among under five children in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from demographic and health surveys of 34 sub-Saharan countries
Authors: Demissie Getu Debalkie , Yeshaw Yigizie , Aleminew Wallelign , Akalu Yonas
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Diarrhea is responsible for the death of more than 90% of under-five children in low and lower-middle income countries. Regionally, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 88% of deaths with the same age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among children under-five years in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

The appended, most recent demographic and health survey datasets of 34 sub-Saharan African countries were used to determine the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in the region. A total weighted sample of 330,866 under-five children were included in the study. Both bivariable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression were done to determine the associated factors of diarrhea among under five children in sub-Saharan Africa. The Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated for those potential factors included in the final model.

Result

The overall prevalence of diarrhea in this study was 15.3% (95% CI: 15.1–15.4). Those children of mothers aged 15–24 (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.30) and 25–34 years (AOR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.18), those children of mothers with no education (AOR = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.57–1.82), primary education (AOR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.61–1.86) and secondary education (AOR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.38–1.59) had higher odds of having diarrhea. Those children from poorest (AOR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.10, 1.19), poorer (AOR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.08–1.17), middle (AOR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.10), and richer (AOR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.04–1.12) households had higher chance of having diarrhea compared to their counterparts.

Conclusion

This study found that the prevalence of childhood diarrhea morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa was high. Maternal age, wealth index, maternal education, maternal occupation, age of child, time of initiation of breast feeding and time to get water source were significantly associated with diarrhea. Therefore, intervention through health education and health promotion for mothers/caretakers who are poor, less educated, and young should be designed to prevent diarrhea in the region.
Risk factors for unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with brain abscess in South Korea
Authors: Cho Yun Suk , Sohn Yu Jin , Hyun Jong Hoon , Baek Yae Jee , Kim Moo Hyun , Kim Jung Ho , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon-Sup , Song Young Goo
Published: September 2021

Background

Brain abscess can be life-threatening and manifest various neurological findings, although the mortality rate has decreased recently. We investigated the risk factors for unfavorable outcomes of patients with brain abscess.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study examined patients with brain abscess seen from May 2005 to December 2018 in a tertiary care hospital in Seoul, South Korea. We reviewed the medical records for clinical findings, therapeutic modalities, and prognostic factors of brain abscess. Unfavorable clinical outcomes were defined as death, moderate to severe disability with neurological deficits, or vegetative state at 1 year or at the time of discharge from outpatient follow-up.

Results

The study enrolled 135 patients: 65.2% were males; the mean age was 56 years. 35.6% had unfavorable outcomes. In multivariate analysis, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) (p < 0.001), pre-existing hemiplegia (p = 0.049), and higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (p = 0.028) were independently associated with unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusions

Higher SOFA, pre-existing hemiplegia and higher Charlson comorbidity index were significant risk factors for unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with brain abscess.
Does reactogenicity after a second injection of the BNT162b2 vaccine predict spike IgG antibody levels in healthy Japanese subjects?
Authors: Takeuchi Masaaki , Higa Yukie , Esaki Akina , Nabeshima Yosuke , Nakazono Akemi
Published: September 2021

Background

Adverse reactions are more common after the second injection of messenger RNA vaccines such as Pfizer/BioNTech’s BNT162b2. We hypothesized that the degree and severity of reactogenicity after the second injection reflects the magnitude of antibody production against the SARS CoV-2 virus spike protein (spike IgG).

Methods and results

Blood samples were obtained from 67 Japanese healthcare workers three weeks after the first injection and two weeks after the second injection of the BNT162b2 vaccine to measure spike IgG levels. Using questionnaires, we calculated an adverse event (AE) score (0–11) for each participant. The geometric mean of spike IgG titers increased from 1,047 antibody units (AU/mL) (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 855–1282 AU/mL) after the first injection to 17,378 AU/mL (95% CI: 14,622–20,663 AU/mL) after the second injection. The median AE score increased from 2 to 5. Spike IgG levels after the second injection were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with spike IgG after the first injection. AE scores after the second injection were not significantly associated with log-transformed spike IgG after the second injection, when adjusted for age, sex, AE score after the first injection, and log-transformed spike IgG after the first injection.

Conclusions

Although the sample size was relatively small, reactogenicity after the second injection may not accurately reflect antibody production.
Analysis of social interactions and risk factors relevant to the spread of infectious diseases at hospitals and nursing homes
Authors: Hüttel Frederik Boe , Iversen Anne-Mette , Bo Hansen Marco , Kjær Ersbøll Bjarne , Ellermann-Eriksen Svend , Lundtorp Olsen Niels
Published: September 2021

Ensuring the safety of healthcare workers is vital to overcome the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We here present an analysis of the social interactions between the healthcare workers at hospitals and nursing homes. Using data from an automated hand hygiene system, we inferred social interactions between healthcare workers to identify transmission paths of infection in hospitals and nursing homes. A majority of social interactions occurred in medication rooms and kitchens emphasising that health-care workers should be especially aware of following the infection prevention guidelines in these places. Using epidemiology simulations of disease at the locations, we found no need to quarantine all healthcare workers at work with a contagious colleague. Only 14.1% and 24.2% of the health-care workers in the hospitals and nursing homes are potentially infected when we disregard hand sanitization and assume the disease is very infectious. Based on our simulations, we observe a 41% and 26% reduction in the number of infected healthcare workers at the hospital and nursing home, when we assume that hand sanitization reduces the spread by 20% from people to people and 99% from people to objects. The analysis and results presented here forms a basis for future research to explore the potential of a fully automated contact tracing systems.
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies benefit from grassland/ pasture while bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) colonies in the same landscapes benefit from non-corn/soybean cropland
Authors: Quinlan Gabriela M. , Milbrath Meghan O. , Otto Clint R. V. , Isaacs Rufus
Published: September 2021

Agriculturally important commercially managed pollinators including honey bees (Apis melliferaL., 1758) and bumble bees (Bombus impatiensCresson, 1863) rely on the surrounding landscape to fulfill their dietary needs. A previous study in Europe demonstrated that managed honey bee foragers and unmanaged native bumble bee foragers are associated with different land uses. However, it is unclear how response to land use compares between managed honey bees and a managed native bumble bee species in the United States, where honey bees are an imported species. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no such direct comparisons of bee responses to land use have been made at the colony level. To better understand how two different social bees respond to variation in land use, we monitored the weights ofA.melliferaandB.impatienscolonies placed in 12 apiaries across a range of land use in Michigan, United States in 2017.Bombus impatienscolonies gained more weight and produced more drones when surrounded by diverse agricultural land (i.e., non-corn/soybean cropland such as tree fruits and grapes), while honey bee colonies gained more weight when surrounded by more grassland/pasture land. These findings add to our understanding of how different bee species respond to agricultural landscapes, highlighting the need for further species-specific land use studies to inform tailored land management.
Popular Music Pedagogies: A Practical Guide for Music Teachers, Matthew Clauhs, Bryan Powell and Ann C. Clements (2020)
Authors: Gramm Warren
Published: September 2021

Review of: Popular Music Pedagogies: A Practical Guide for Music Teachers, Matthew Clauhs, Bryan Powell and Ann C. Clements (2020)

Abingdon: Routledge, 216 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-36726-658-5, p/bk, $49.95
Effects of hydrolyzable tannin extract obtained from sweet chestnut wood (Castanea sativa Mill.) against bacteria causing subclinical mastitis in Thai Friesian dairy cows
Authors: Prapaiwong Tipwadee , Srakaew Wuttikorn , Wachirapakorn Chalong , Jarassaeng Chaiwat
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Hydrolyzable tannins are an important group of secondary plant metabolites, which are known for antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to assess the efficiency with which a hydrolyzable tannin extract from sweet chestnut wood (Castanea sativa Mill.) could inhibit mastitis-causing bacteria in vitro. Materials and Methods: The negative control used was sterile water, and the positive controls were penicillin and gentamicin. The treatments included five concentrations of hydrolyzable tannins (63, 190, 313, 630, and 940 mg/mL). In cows with subclinical mastitis, the bacteria causing the disease were isolated and identified. Then, the antibacterial activity of the hydrolyzable tannin extract was assessed by the disk diffusion method, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and by determining the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: Penicillin inhibited (p<0.01) the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but could not inhibit (p>0.05) the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, gentamicin and hydrolyzable tannins could inhibit (p<0.01) all isolated bacteria. Increasing the concentration of hydrolyzable tannin extract resulted in a quadratic increase in the inhibition zone diameter of S. aureus and S. agalactiae and a linear increase in the inhibition zone diameter of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa. In addition, 630 and 940 mg/mL of hydrolyzable tannin extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. agalactiae and E. coli (p<0.01), while 940 mg/mL concentration had the highest antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae (p<0.01). The MIC and MBC of the extract were 27.3-190 mg/mL and 58.8-235 mg/mL, respectively, with the MBC: MIC ratio being 2:1. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of the hydrolyzable tannin extract against subclinical mastitis bacteria was comparable to the antibiotics (positive controls) at concentrations over 630 mg/mL. Although these in vitro findings are promising, further research is needed to determine whether hydrolyzable tannins could be used to control or prevent subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.
A QUESTÃO QUILOMBOLA NA ADI N. 3.239: UMA DECISÃO GARANTISTA?
Authors: Santiago Nestor Eduardo Araruna , Carioca Neto Miguel
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem como proposta apresentar uma análise crítica sob a perspectiva garantista de Luigi Ferrajoli acerca da decisão judicial do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), que julgou improcedente a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) n. 3.239, garantindo a titulação das terras ocupadas por remanescentes das comunidades quilombolas. O autor da ação, o atual Partido Democratas (DEM), questionou o Decreto 4.887/2003 ao apontar inconstitucionalidades no critério de autoatribuição para identificar os remanescentes dos quilombos, a caracterização das terras a serem reconhecidas a essas comunidades e outros argumentos. A pesquisa é bibliográfica, descritiva e com análise qualitativa dos discursos proferidos pelos Ministros do STF através da decisão judicial a partir da Teoria do Garantismo de Luigi Ferrajoli. Conclui-se que o julgamento da ação, sob uma perspectiva garantista, pautou-se pela reparação relativa à segurança fundiária, garantindo às comunidades remanescentes de quilombos a propriedade das terras que ocupam tradicionalmente
MONOCRATIZAÇÃO DO SUPREMO E COMPORTAMENTO JUDICIAL: A DELIBERAÇÃO INDIVIDUAL É UMA JUSTIFICATIVA OU UMA ESCOLHA?
Authors: Marques Filho Lourival Barão , Cabral Flávio Garcia
Published: September 2021

Por intermédio do método de abordagem indutivo e do procedimento estatístico, o artigo analisa a monocratização do Supremo Tribunal Federal nas perspectivas quantitativa e qualitativa e demonstra como esse fenômeno, oriundo da competência recursal, dominou o controle concentrado de constitucionalidade. Assim, o que antes poderia ser considerado como uma ferramenta de gestão processual a fim de dar vazão ao volume de demandas que chega ao Tribunal, passou a ser utilizado sob outro cenário: houve uma escolha deliberada de os Ministros não deliberarem coletivamente. Isso ocorre porque exacerbou-se o protagonismo individual, decorrente da adoção do comportamento estratégico dos Ministros. Nesse contexto, o Supremo está aprisionado em um formato decisório que despreza a coletividade e elogia o dissenso.
Egyetemi hallgatók normáinak összefüggése a motivációval és az észlelt oktatói kiégéssel
Authors: Jagodics Balázs , Szabó Éva
Published: September 2021

A tapasztalatok szerint a tanulmányi sikeresség nem csak az egyéni készségektől függ, hanem társas tényezők is befolyásolhatják. A társas normák között elkülöníthetünk leíró, személyes és előíró normákat, vagyis a viselkedések gyakoriságát, a személyes attitűdöt, és a többi csoporttagnak tulajdonított vélekedésre vonatkozó elképzeléseket. A különböző normák együttesen alakítják ki hatásukat az egyén viselkedésére, amelyben megjelenhet a konformitás jelensége is. Tekintettel arra, hogy egyetemisták körében hazai környezetben keveset vizsgált a tanulmányi motiváció és a normák kapcsolata, kutatásunk célja az egyetemi hallgatók leíró, személyes és előíró normáinak feltárása volt. A vizsgálatban online kérdőíves módszert alkalmaztunk, 337 egyetemi hallgató önkéntes részvételével. A kérdőívek között a demográfiai adatokat feltáró kérdéseken kívül szerepelt egy 23 tételből álló normavizsgálat, a Célorientációs Kérdőív és az Észlelt Tanári Kiégés Kérdőív. Az adatok rámutattak arra, hogy a különböző viselkedések előfordulásának észlelt gyakoriságában nagy különbségek vannak. Elsősorban a negatív, csalásra és motiválatlanságra utaló tételek észlelt gyakorisága volt alacsony. Az adatok alátámasztották a többszörös tudatlanság jelenségének előfordulását, vagyis a személyes és az előíró normák közötti jelentős különbséget. A normák a feltáró faktorelemzés szerint három csoportba, a pozitív és negatív viselkedések, illetve a proszociális magatartásformák közé sorolhatók. A személyes attitűd tekintetében nemi különbségeket is találhatóak: a pozitív viselkedések a nők, a negatív magatartások pedig a férfiak körében elfogadottabbak. A közelítő-elsajátító célorientáció összefüggést mutatott a pozitív normákkal, míg az észlelt tanári kiégés a negatív viselkedésekkel állt kapcsolatban. A vizsgálat megerősítette az előfeltevést, miszerint a pozitív és negatív csoportnormák kapcsolatban állnak a motivációval, illetve az oktatók kiégésének észlelésével. A többszörös tudatlanság jelensége a legtöbb viselkedés esetében megfigyelhető volt, ami magyarázatul szolgálhat arra, hogy bizonyos egyetemi közösségekben hogyan terjednek el a tanulási sikerességet gátló csoportnormák. A vizsgálat eredményei fontosak lehetnek a felsőoktatási lemorzsolódás jelenségének megértésében.
Fabrication of Vanadium Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film to Enhance the
Optical, Magnetic and Electrical Properties using Electrospray Technique
Authors: Sheriff M.H. Haja , Murugan S. , Kumar R. Ashok , Manivasaham A.
Published: September 2021

Vanadium doped zinc oxide was deposited using a homemade electrospray technique. The structural,
optical, magnetic, surface morphology and electrical studies were carried out using XRD, UV-vis-NIR
spectroscopy, HRSEM, AFM, photoluminescence, VSM and Hall effect, respectively. The XRD results
revealed that the addition of vanadium(V) does not affect hexagonal wurtzite structure in the films.
Photoluminescence study implies the increase of oxygen vacancy on surface of the samples and the
hexagonal plates like grains are found on the film surface and formation of cluster as doping percentage
increases. Hall effect shows the remarkable improvement in carrier concentration, resistivity and
mobility. The sheet resistance decreases to 59.5 × 102 Ω/2 for 4 at% of vanadium. All the samples
achieved the transmittance above 80% in the visible region and optical band gap increases. The magnetic
study shows that the enhancement of paramagnetic property and the study on the performances of the
samples over the light intensity shows, the enhancement in the rate of decreases in resistance, which is
higher than the undoped sample ware discussed.
Physico-Chemical Studies of Almond Shell Extracts Potential on the Electropolishing and Electrorefining of Copper
Authors: Abouzeid Fatma M. , Alshammery Sultanah
Published: September 2021

Addition of almond shell extract to electrochemical process bath such as electropolishing and electrorefining of copper was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and surface investigation. Addition of several concentrations of the extracts provide a sharp decline in electrorefining rate, but gave augmentation in electropolishing rate. Surfce investigation provided the confirmatory evidence of improved surface texture by almond shell extract addition to copper electropolishing and electrorefining electrolyte. Kinetic investigation and activated constraints were calculated for the electrochemical processes. A distinct improvement in the surface texture was observed where surface irregularity, roughness (Ra) diminishs from 0.95 to 0.43, 0.32, 0.22 and 0.06 μm in the presence of 25, 100, 150 and 200 ppm extract.
Condições de comercialização e qualidade de queijos Minas frescais em feiras livres e mercado municipal de Campo Grande, MS
Authors: Silva Luciane Nunes Ribeiro da , Costa Marcela De Rezende
Published: September 2021

As pessoas buscam em feiras livres e mercados municipais uma variedade de mercadorias locais e com apelo artesanal e/ou natural, dentre elas os queijos como o Minas Frescal. Cuidados com produção, manipulação e exposição dos alimentos devem ser tomados para garantir a qualidade e preservar a saúde da população. Este trabalho avaliou parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos de queijos artesanais Minas Frescal de feiras livres e do mercado municipal de Campo Grande, MS, bem como suas condições de manipulação, exposição e armazenamento. Nos aspectos de estrutura da banca, temperatura e condições de exposição dos queijos, e presença de coletor de lixo e de lavatório, 80% das bancas estavam inadequadas e 90% com relação a uso de equipamento de proteção individual, higienização das mãos e dos utensílios. A maioria dos queijos estavam conforme os padrões da legislação de Identidade e Qualidade do Queijo Minas Frescal quanto a parâmetros físico-químicos, apenas uma amostra estava com teor de umidade inferior ao exigido. Quanto às avaliações microbiológicas, 100% das amostras estavam acima do limite de coliformes a 45 °C e 30% de Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positiva. Nenhuma amostra apresentou Salmonella sp. Porém, foi detectada a presença de Listeria monocytogenes em 20% delas. Os resultados indicam falta de controle higiênico-sanitário sobre os queijos Minas Frescais vendidos nas feiras livres de Campo Grande, MS, apresentando inclusive, em alguns, a presença de bactérias patogênicas, um sério risco à saúde do consumidor.
Comparison of Cap-Assisted vs Conventional Endoscopic Technique for Management of Food Bolus Impaction in the Esophagus: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ooi Marie , Duong Tuan , Holman Richard , Huynh Dep , Lafta Abdulnasser , Grimpen Florian , Appleyard Mark , Rayner Chris K. , Nguyen Nam Q.
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:

“Push” or “pull” techniques with the use of snares, forceps, baskets, and grasping devices are conventionally used to manage esophageal food bolus impaction (FBI). A novel cap-assisted technique has recently been advocated to reduce time taken for food bolus (FB) removal. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the cap-assisted technique against conventional methods of esophageal FB removal in a randomized controlled trial.

METHODS:

Consecutive patients with esophageal FBI requiring endoscopic removal, from 3 Australian tertiary hospitals between 2017 and 2019, were randomized to either the cap-assisted technique or the conventional technique. Primary outcomes were technical success and FB retrieval time. Secondary outcomes were technical success rate, en bloc removal rate, procedure-related complication, length of hospital stay, and cost of consumables.

RESULTS:

Over 24 months, 342 patients with esophageal FBI were randomized to a cap-assisted (n = 171) or conventional (n = 171) technique. Compared with the conventional approach, the cap-assisted technique was associated with (i) shorter FB retrieval time (4.5 ± 0.5 minutes vs 21.7 ± 0.9 minutes, P < 0.001), (ii) shorter total procedure time (23.0 ± 0.6 minutes vs 47.0 ± 1.3 minutes, P < 0.0001), (iii) higher technical success rate (170/171 vs 160/171, P < 0.001), (iv) higher rate of en bloc removal (159/171 vs 48/171, P < 0.001), and (v) lower rate of procedure-related mucosal tear and bleeding (0/171 vs 13/171, P < 0.001). There were no major adverse events or deaths within 30 days in either group. The total cost of consumables was higher in the conventional group (A$19,644.90 vs A$6,239.90).

DISCUSSION:

This multicenter randomized controlled trial confirmed that the cap-assisted technique is more effective and less costly than the conventional approach and should be first-line treatment for esophageal FBI.
What affects fisheries in African lakes: Climate change or fishing effort? A case study from Lake Kariba
Authors: Marshall Brian E.
Published: September 2021

Lake Kariba, created in 1958, experienced changes, notably the decline of the Limnothrissa miodon fishery, which have been attributed to climatic change. Air temperatures rose abruptly by 1.1°C between 1980 and 1981, but the temperature of the lake did not follow this pattern. Temperatures at 10 m depth increased by 8% between 1961 and 1971, remained stable until 1984, then declined and by 1992 the temperature was about 7% lower than in 1961. The causes of this are unclear but it followed the hot and dry El Niño droughts of 1982-83 and 1991-92. The lake warmed again by 2007-2011 with temperatures at 10 m being about 10% higher than in 1961, while at 40 m it was 16% higher indicating a faster warming rate in deeper waters. The thermocline fell from 15-20 m in 1968 and 1986 to 20-25 m in 2011 and the temperature gradient decreased by > 50%. The epilimnion became more homogenous, with no evidence of anoxia in the upper 20 m in 2007-08, and the normal monomictic thermal regime may change, thus affecting nutrient circulation and the seasonal abundance of plankton. Both zooplankton and phytoplankton communities have evolved since the lake was created, but these changes occurred before any evidence of warming. The fishery has been declining since 1996 but there is no evidence that climate change is responsible; the number of fishing vessels is presently about three times the recommended level and fishing effort is almost certainly the main cause of the problems. All African lakes support fisheries and it is essential to consider fishing, which changes fish species composition, demographics and abundance, characters that could also be affected by climate change.