bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing ExxonMobil’s global warming projections
Authors: Supran G. , Rahmstorf S. , Oreskes N.
Published: January 2023

Climate projections by the fossil fuel industry have never been assessed. On the basis of company records, we quantitatively evaluated all available global warming projections documented by—and in many cases modeled by—Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp scientists between 1977 and 2003. We find that most of their projections accurately forecast warming that is consistent with subsequent observations. Their projections were also consistent with, and at least as skillful as, those of independent academic and government models. Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp also correctly rejected the prospect of a coming ice age, accurately predicted when human-caused global warming would first be detected, and reasonably estimated the “carbon budget” for holding warming below 2°C. On each of these points, however, the company’s public statements about climate science contradicted its own scientific data.
Excessive mechanotransduction in sensory neurons causes joint contractures
Authors: Ma Shang , Dubin Adrienne E. , Romero Luis O. , Loud Meaghan , Salazar Alexandra , Chu Sarah , Klier Nikola , Masri Sameer , Zhang Yunxiao , Wang Yu , Chesler Alex T. , Wilkinson Katherine A. , Vásquez Valeria , Marshall Kara L. , Patapoutian Ardem
Published: January 2023

Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is a collection of rare disorders that are characterized by congenital joint contractures. Most DA mutations are in muscle- and joint-related genes, and the anatomical defects originate cell-autonomously within the musculoskeletal system. However, gain-of-function mutations in PIEZO2, a principal mechanosensor in somatosensation, cause DA subtype 5 (DA5) through unknown mechanisms. We show that expression of a gain-of-function PIEZO2 mutation in proprioceptive sensory neurons that mainly innervate muscle spindles and tendons is sufficient to induce DA5-like phenotypes in mice. Overactive PIEZO2 causes anatomical defects through increased activity within the peripheral nervous system during postnatal development. Furthermore, botulinum toxin (Botox) and a dietary fatty acid that modulates PIEZO2 activity reduce DA5-like deficits. This reveals a role for somatosensory neurons: Excessive mechanosensation within these neurons disrupts musculoskeletal development.
Ductile 2-GPa steels with hierarchical substructure
Authors: Li Yunjie , Yuan Guo , Li Linlin , Kang Jian , Yan Fengkai , Du Pengju , Raabe Dierk , Wang Guodong
Published: January 2023

Mechanically strong and ductile load–carrying materials are needed in all sectors, from transportation to lightweight design to safe infrastructure. Yet, a grand challenge is to unify both features in one material. We show that a plain medium-manganese steel can be processed to have a tensile strength >2.2 gigapascals at a uniform elongation >20%. This requires a combination of multiple transversal forging, cryogenic treatment, and tempering steps. A hierarchical microstructure that consists of laminated and twofold topologically aligned martensite with finely dispersed retained austenite simultaneously activates multiple micromechanisms to strengthen and ductilize the material. The dislocation slip in the well-organized martensite and the gradual deformation-stimulated phase transformation synergistically produce the high ductility. Our nanostructure design strategy produces 2 gigapascal–strength and yet ductile steels that have attractive composition and the potential to be produced at large industrial scales.
In defense of public space
Why Public Space Matters
Setha Low
Oxford University Press, 2022. 317 pp.
Authors: Leitner Helga
Published: January 2023

Parks, beaches, squares, and streets are vital sites for individuals, communities, and society to flourish
Erratum to: Several Articles in JETP Letters
Authors: Osipov A. A. , Arbuzov A. B. , Gaidar S. M. , Pavlov A. E. , Vasin K. V. , Eremin M. V. , Nurmukhametov A. R. , Vasil’ev P. P. , Kuchinskii E. Z. , Kuleeva N. A. , Khomskii D. I. , Sadovskii M. V. , Grishakov K. S. , Degtyarenko N. N.
Published: January 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364022350016
Erratum to: Electroencephalographic and Autonomic Correlates of Imaginary and Real Movements of Legs in Right-Handers and Left-Handers
Authors: Vedyasova O. A. , Morenova K. A. , Pavlenko S. I.
Published: January 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119722330015
Testimonial injustice in medical machine learning
Authors: Pozzi Giorgia
Published: January 2023

Machine learning (ML) systems play an increasingly relevant role in medicine and healthcare. As their applications move ever closer to patient care and cure in clinical settings, ethical concerns about the responsibility of their use come to the fore. I analyse an aspect of responsible ML use that bears not only an ethical but also a significant epistemic dimension. I focus on ML systems’ role in mediating patient–physician relations. I thereby consider how ML systems may silence patients’ voices and relativise the credibility of their opinions, which undermines their overall credibility status without valid moral and epistemic justification. More specifically, I argue that withholding credibilitydue tohow ML systems operate can be particularly harmful to patients and, apart from adverse outcomes, qualifies as a form of testimonial injustice. I make my case for testimonial injustice in medical ML by considering ML systems currently used in the USA to predict patients’ risk of misusing opioids (automated Prediction Drug Monitoring Programmes, PDMPs for short). I argue that the locus of testimonial injustice in ML-mediated medical encounters is found in the fact that these systems are treated asmarkers of trustworthinesson which patients’ credibility is assessed. I further show how ML-based PDMPs exacerbate and further propagate social inequalities at the expense of vulnerable social groups.
Association of patient characteristics with the receipt of regional anesthesia
Authors: Beletsky Alexander , Currie Morgan , Shen Jonathan , Maan Ramneek , Desilva Mahesh , Winston Nutan , Gabriel Rodney A
Published: January 2023

Background

Regional anesthesia (RA) may improve patient-related outcomes, including decreased operative complications, shortened recovery times, and lower hospital readmission rates. More analyses are needed using a diverse set of databases to examine characteristics associated with the receipt of RA.

Methods

A national hospital database was queried for patients 18 years or older who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), carpal tunnel release, ankle open reduction, and internal fixation and arteriovenous fistula creation between January 2016 and June 2021. Regional techniques included neuraxial anesthesia and various upper and lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks to create a binary variable of RA receipt. Univariate statistics were used to compare characteristics associated based on RA receipt and multivariable regression identified factors associated with RA receipt.

Results

A total of 51 776 patients were included in the analysis, of which 2111 (4.1%) received RA. Factors associated with decreased odds of RA receipt included black race (vs white race; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.86), other non-white race (vs white race; OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.86), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class (vs ASA 1; OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.93), and Medicaid insurance (vs private insurance; OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.82) (all p<0.05). When compared with TKA, ACLR (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.84), ankle open reduction and internal fixation (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.81), and carpal tunnel release (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.78) demonstrated lower odds of RA receipt, whereas TSA (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.58) demonstrated higher odds of RA receipt (all p<0.05).

Conclusion

RA use varies with respect to race, insurance status, and type of surgery.
Idempotents, free products and quandle coverings
Authors: Elhamdadi Mohamed , Nunez Brandon , Singh Mahender , Swain Dipali
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we investigate idempotents in quandle rings and relate them with quandle coverings. We prove that integral quandle rings of quandles of finite type that are nontrivial coverings over nice base quandles admit infinitely many nontrivial idempotents, and give their complete description. We show that the set of all these idempotents forms a quandle in itself. As an application, we deduce that the quandle ring of the knot quandle of a nontrivial long knot admit nontrivial idempotents. We consider free products of quandles and prove that integral quandle rings of free quandles have only trivial idempotents, giving an infinite family of quandles with this property. We also give a description of idempotents in quandle rings of unions and certain twisted unions of quandles.
ISOCD: Overlapping community detection algorithm based on local influence and similarity
Authors: Sheng Jinfang , Jiao Wenzhe , Wang Bin , Liu Shuang , Liu Yingxian , Zhong Qiang
Published: January 2023

Many nodes of a complex network in the real world belong to multiple communities. Research on the detection of overlapping communities with common nodes can help us understand the topology of network and extract information hidden in the network. Considering the problems of many existing overlapping community detection methods, such as high time complexity or poor division results, we propose an overlapping community detection method based on local influence and similarity (ISOCD). The ISOCD method selects seed nodes based on local influence, follows a greedy strategy, takes the fitness function of similarity as the optimization goal, and finally optimizes and merges the detected communities. In experiments, the method we propose has good community division effects both on the real-world and synthetic networks, and has low time complexity.
Erratum: Post-Newtonian direct and mixed orbital effects due to the oblateness of the central body
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo
Published: January 2023

The dimensional quadrupole mass moment [Formula: see text] of a black hole is negative; thus, Eq. (98) of Ref. 1 must be corrected to [Formula: see text].
Electrodeposition of Cadmium Selenide Based Photoanodes from TOMAC/Formamide Ionic Liquid System for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Litaiem Yousra , Dridi Donia , Slimi Bechir , Chtourou Radhouane
Published: January 2023

The electrodeposition from room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) has recently come up as a low-cost technique for the growth of II–VI semiconductor compounds and thin films, some promising alternatives to classical organic or inorganic solvents. As a relatively new field of study, only a few reports exist describing the growth mechanism of electrodeposition from RTILs, especially for CdSe films. In this paper, a new electrochemical method has been developed for the deposition of Cadmium Selenide thin layers onto indium doped tin oxide coated conducting glass (ITO) using an RTIL and an Organic solvent system (Tricaprylmethylammonium chloride/Formamide). Structural properties of prepared films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman analysis which reveal a pure cubic phase with the zinc-blende-type structure and typical peaks of nanostructured CdSe, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed homogenous and smooth surface of the deposited films. UV-vis measurements demonstrated the presence of direct transition with a band gap energy around 1.68[Formula: see text]eV. The flat-band potential and carrier density values of CdSe thin film are [Formula: see text]0.667[Formula: see text]V and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], respectively, as deduced from Mott–Schottky studies. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) behavior of the CdSe thin film exhibited an enhanced photocurrent density at about 0.35[Formula: see text]mA/cm2 vs. Ag/AgCl.
NuKit: A deep learning platform for fast nucleus segmentation of histopathological images
Authors: Lin Ching-Nung , Chung Christine H. , Tan Aik Choon
Published: January 2023

Nucleus segmentation represents the initial step for histopathological image analysis pipelines, and it remains a challenge in many quantitative analysis methods in terms of accuracy and speed. Recently, deep learning nucleus segmentation methods have demonstrated to outperform previous intensity- or pattern-based methods. However, the heavy computation of deep learning provides impression of lagging response in real time and hampered the adoptability of these models in routine research. We developed and implemented NuKit a deep learning platform, which accelerates nucleus segmentation and provides prompt results to the users. NuKit platform consists of two deep learning models coupled with an interactive graphical user interface (GUI) to provide fast and automatic nucleus segmentation “on the fly”. Both deep learning models provide complementary tasks in nucleus segmentation. The whole image segmentation model performs whole image nucleus whereas the click segmentation model supplements the nucleus segmentation with user-driven input to edits the segmented nuclei. We trained the NuKit whole image segmentation model on a large public training data set and tested its performance in seven independent public image data sets. The whole image segmentation model achieves average [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The outputs could be exported into different file formats, as well as provides seamless integration with other image analysis tools such as QuPath. NuKit can be executed on Windows, Mac, and Linux using personal computers.
Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles Dispersed on Co3O4–3D Porous Reduced Graphene Oxide and their Application for Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zhang Sai , Zhang Xinjin , Yue Shijun , Ma Yubin , Tang Yuping
Published: January 2023

Ag nanoparticles dispersed on Co3O4/3D porous reduced graphene oxide (Ag/Co3O4/rGO) were successfully synthesized through sol–gel method and used for fabricating a novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O[Formula: see text] sensor. The structure and morphology of anocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical properties of the sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The experimental results suggest that the composites have an excellent catalytic property toward dopamine with a wide linear range from 0.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M–6.48[Formula: see text]mM, a low detection limit of 0.17[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]) and high sensitivity of 413.72[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]mM[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text]. In addition, the sensor exhibits long-term stability, good reproducibility and anti-interference.
Preparation of g-C3N4/TiO2 Heterojunction Composite Photocatalyst by NaCl Template Method and Its Photocatalytic Performance Enhancement
Authors: Li Yong , Liu Manyu , Zhang Mingqing , Liu Yanfang , Zhao Qinghua , Li Xin , Zhou Qianyu , Chen Yuanfu , Wang Shifeng
Published: January 2023

Photocatalytic technology is currently the most promising technology for environmental pollution control. The preparation of photocatalysts with excellent properties is the core of the development of photocatalytic technology. TiO2 can form a heterojunction with g-C3N4, which can effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, improve the mobility of photogenerated carriers, and thus improve the photocatalytic performance. In this study, NaCl was used as a template, and the loose and porous g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction composite photocatalysts were prepared by the template method. Compared to the pure g-C3N4 prepared by the conventional thermal polycondensation method and TiO2, the g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction composite photocatalysts prepared in this study exhibited a greatly increased specific surface area, an improved light absorption performance, a significantly suppressed recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Furthermore, the g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction composite photocatalysts exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance.
Breaking Bad: Quantifying the Addiction of Web Elements to JavaScript
Authors: Fouquet Romain , Laperdrix Pierre , Rouvoy Romain
Published: January 2023

While JavaScript established itself as a cornerstone of the modern web, it also constitutes a major tracking and security vector, thus raising critical privacy and security concerns. In this context, some browser extensions propose to systematically block scripts reported by crowdsourced trackers lists. However, this solution heavily depends on the quality of these built-in lists, which may be deprecated or incomplete, thus exposing the visitor to unknown trackers. In this article, we explore a different strategy by investigating the benefits of disabling JavaScript in the browser. More specifically, by adopting such a strict policy, we aim to quantify the JavaScript addiction of web elements composing a web page through the observation of web breakages. As there is no standard mechanism for detecting such breakages, we introduce a framework to inspect several page features when blocking JavaScript, that we deploy to analyze 6,384 pages, including landing and internal web pages. We discover that 43% of web pages are not strictly dependent on JavaScript and that more than 67% of pages are likely to be usable as long as the visitor only requires the content from the main section of the page, for which the user most likely reached the page, while reducing the number of tracking requests by 85% on average. Finally, we discuss the viability of currently browsing the web without JavaScript and detail multiple incentives for websites to be kept usable without JavaScript.
Magnesium reabsorption in the kidney
Authors: de Baaij Jeroen H. F.
Published: January 2023

Mg2+ is essential for many cellular and physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neuronal activity, and metabolism. Consequently, the blood Mg2+ concentration is tightly regulated by balanced intestinal Mg2+ absorption, renal Mg2+ excretion, and Mg2+ storage in bone and soft tissues. In recent years, the development of novel transgenic animal models and identification of Mendelian disorders has advanced our current insight in the molecular mechanisms of Mg2+ reabsorption in the kidney. In the proximal tubule, Mg2+ reabsorption is dependent on paracellular permeability by claudin-2/12. In the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop, the claudin-16/19 complex provides a cation-selective pore for paracellular Mg2+ reabsorption. The paracellular Mg2+ reabsorption in this segment is regulated by the Ca2+-sensing receptor, parathyroid hormone, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. In the distal convoluted tubule, the fine tuning of Mg2+ reabsorption takes place by transcellular Mg2+ reabsorption via transient receptor potential melastatin-like types 6 and 7 (TRPM6/TRPM7) divalent cation channels. Activity of TRPM6/TRPM7 is dependent on hormonal regulation, metabolic activity, and interacting proteins. Basolateral Mg2+ extrusion is still poorly understood but is probably dependent on the Na+ gradient. Cyclin M2 and SLC41A3 are the main candidates to act as Na+/Mg2+ exchangers. Consequently, disturbances of basolateral Na+/K+ transport indirectly result in impaired renal Mg2+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. Altogether, this review aims to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of Mg2+ reabsorption in the kidney, specifically focusing on transgenic mouse models and human hereditary diseases.
The Kawa Model: A Self-Reflection Tool for Occupational Therapy Student Development in Practice Placements in Australia
Authors: Naidoo Ornissa , Christopher Chantal , Lingah Thanalutchmy , Moran Monica
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The Kawa Model is a conceptual occupational therapy model of practice that uses the metaphor of a river as a medium to support the exploration of self, life events, and environment. In this study, the Kawa Model was used by occupational therapy students during a practice placement in a remote community setting as a tool to support learning, build self-awareness, and promote reflection on personal and professional development. Method. The study used an exploratory qualitative research design. Six student participants were purposively recruited and orientated to the use of the Kawa Model at the beginning and throughout their remote community practice placement. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data which were analysed thematically using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings. Analysis of the student transcripts revealed three overarching themes: self-awareness, the development of personal and professional skills, and working with metaphor. All students identified the model as a reflective tool that enhanced their understanding of their student selves in a remote setting. The students described the growth of various professional skills including communication, goal planning, and confidence. Whilst initially students found the metaphor challenging to fathom, throughout their placement, they found it impactful for comprehending their development of self. Conclusion. This study revealed that the students’ self-awareness and personal and professional development were influenced by their engagement with and application of the Kawa Model. Repeated engagement with the Kawa Model enhanced the students’ journey of personal and professional skill development.
Attenuation of Inflammatory Responses in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cells by a Novel Chalcone Derivative and Its Increased Potency by Curcumin
Authors: Nourbakhsh Mitra , Noori Shokoofe , Aminzade Zahra , Bayanati Maryam , Alemi Mehrdad , Zarghi Afshin
Published: January 2023

Background. Breast and ovarian cancers are two common malignancies in women and a leading cause of death globally. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of a novel chalcone derivative 1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(phenylthio)-3-(p-tolyl)propane-1-one (MPP) individually or combined with curcumin, a well-known herbal medicine with anticancer properties, as a new combination therapy on inflammatory pathways in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods. LPS-induced NF-κB DNA-binding activity and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured in the MPP- and MPP-curcumin combination-treated MDA-MB-231 and SKOV3 cells by ELISA-based methods. The expression of COX2, INOS, and MMP9 genes and nitrite levels was also evaluated by real-time qRT-PCR and Griess method, respectively. IκB levels were evaluated by Western blotting. Results. MPP significantly inhibited the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in each cell line and subsequently suppressed the expression of downstream genes including COX2, MMP9, and INOS. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as NO, were also decreased in response to MPP. All the effects of MPP were enhanced by the addition of curcumin. MPP, especially when combined with curcumin, caused a remarkable increase in the concentration of IκB. Conclusion. MPP and its coadministration with curcumin effectively reduced the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to a reduced inflammatory response in the environment of cancer cells. Thus, MPP, either alone or combined with curcumin, might be considered an effective remedy for the suppression of inflammatory processes in breast and ovarian cancer cells.
Development of an Integrated Human Error Simulation Model in Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning Activities
Authors: Nam Chang-Su , Lee Byung-Sik
Published: January 2023

In this study, an integrated human error simulation model in nuclear power plant (NPP) decommissioning activities (HEISM-DA) that can integrate and manage various factors affecting human errors is developed. In the HEISM-DA, an error probability input method suitable for the characteristics of each performance shaping factors (PSFs) was presented. Because each PSF has different importance on human error, the relative importance of decommissioning PSF Levels 1 and 2 and influential factors is considered. A multiplier was selected for each PSF and then used for human error evaluation. To calculate the human error probability (HEP) for the NPP decommissioning activity, the relationship between each PSF is identified and linked to develop a human error evaluation model. Using the HEISM-DA, HEP for reactor pressure vessel internal cutting work is evaluated based on the experience data. HEP is calculated to be approximately 1%. As a result of HEP calculation, it is found that the “operation” factor has a significant influence on the HEP of NPP decommissioning activities. Therefore, if the dismantling work is conducted by supervising the “operation” factors in a detailed and systematic approach, it is believed that the HEP will be reduced as other factors are also affected.
The RNA m6A Reader YTHDF1 Is Required for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Progression
Authors: Hong Yun-Guang , Yang Zhigang , Chen Yan , Liu Tian , Zheng Yuyuan , Zhou Chun , Wu Guo-Cai , Chen Yinhui , Xia Juan , Wen Ruiting , Liu Wenxin , Zhao Yi , Chen Jin , Gao Xiangwei , Chen Zhanghui
Published: January 2023

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant modification in mRNAs, has been defined as a crucial modulator in the progression of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Identification of the key regulators of m6A modifications in AML could provide further insights into AML biology and uncover more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with AML. Here, we report overexpression of YTHDF1, an m6A reader protein, in human AML samples at the protein level with enrichment in leukemia stem cells (LSC). Whereas YTHDF1 was dispensable for normal hematopoiesis in mice, depletion of YTHDF1 attenuated self-renewal, proliferation, and leukemic capacity of primary human and mouse AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 promoted the translation of cyclin E2 in an m6A-dependent manner. Structure-based virtual screening of FDA-approved drugs identified tegaserod as a potential YTHDF1 inhibitor. Tegaserod blocked the direct binding of YTHDF1 with m6A-modified mRNAs and inhibited YTHDF1-regulated cyclin E2 translation. Moreover, tegaserod reduced the viability of patient-derived AML cells in vitro and prolonged survival in patient-derived xenograft models. Together, our study defines YTHDF1 as an integral regulator of AML progression by regulating the expression of m6A-modified mRNAs, which might serve as a potential therapeutic target for AML.

Significance:

The m6A reader YTHDF1 is required for progression of acute myelogenous leukemia and can be targeted with the FDA-approved drug tegaserod to suppress leukemia growth.
Olig1/2-Expressing Intermediate Lineage Progenitors Are Predisposed to PTEN/p53-Loss–Induced Gliomagenesis and Harbor Specific Therapeutic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Verma Ravinder , Chen Xiameng , Xin Dazhuan , Luo Zaili , Ogurek Sean , Xin Mei , Rao Rohit , Berry Kalen , Lu Q. Richard
Published: January 2023

Malignant gliomas such as glioblastoma are highly heterogeneous with distinct cells of origin and varied genetic alterations. It remains elusive whether the specific states of neural cell lineages are differentially susceptible to distinct genetic alterations during malignant transformation. Here, an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas databases revealed that comutations of PTEN and TP53 are most significantly enriched in human high-grade gliomas. Therefore, we selectively ablated Pten and Trp53 in different progenitors to determine which cell lineage states are susceptible to malignant transformation. Mice with PTEN/p53 ablation mediated by multilineage-expressing human GFAP (hGFAP) promoter–driven Cre developed glioma but with incomplete penetrance and long latency. Unexpectedly, ablation of Pten and Trp53 in Nestin+ neural stem cells (NSC) or Pdgfra+/NG2+ committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), two major cells of origin in glioma, did not induce glioma formation in mice. Strikingly, mice lacking Pten and Trp53 in Olig1+/Olig2+ intermediate precursors (pri-OPC) prior to the committed OPCs developed high-grade gliomas with 100% penetrance and short latency. The resulting tumors exhibited distinct tumor phenotypes and drug sensitivities from NSC- or OPC-derived glioma subtypes. Integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses revealed that PTEN/p53-loss induced activation of oncogenic pathways, including HIPPO-YAP and PI3K signaling, to promote malignant transformation. Targeting the core regulatory circuitries YAP and PI3K signaling effectively inhibited tumor cell growth. Thus, our multicell state in vivo mutagenesis analyses suggests that transit-amplifying states of Olig1/2 intermediate lineage precursors are predisposed to PTEN/p53-loss–induced transformation and gliomagenesis, pointing to subtype-specific treatment strategies for gliomas with distinct genetic alterations.

Significance:

Multiple progenitor-state mutagenesis reveal that Olig1/2-expressing intermediate precursors are highly susceptible to PTEN/p53-loss–mediated transformation and impart differential drug sensitivity, indicating tumor-initiating cell states and genetic drivers dictate glioma phenotypes and drug responses.

See related commentary by Zamler and Hu, p. 807
“Já viu o meu tênis, tia? Você tem um assim?”: o consumo material entre adolescentes-jovens privados de liberdade
Authors: Souza Elizabeth Leão Bening de , Fernandes Raquel de Aragão Uchôa
Published: January 2023

De acordo com o último levantamento anual do Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (Sinase), de 2020, 19.796 adolescentes estão na condição de restrição e privação de liberdade; desses, 5.144 na região Nordeste. O mundo das drogas e de seu tráfico aparece como forte condutor de aquisição econômica e material para esses meninos e meninas, refletindo como possível trampolim de reconhecimento social e sofrendo influência da sociedade de consumo, principalmente a partir da aquisição, por esses jovens, de produtos de marcas famosas. Este artigo é resultante de uma dissertação de mestrado redigida a partir de pesquisa realizada, entre novembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, com adolescentes-jovens em medida socioeducativa de internação no Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo/Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo (Case/Funase) do Cabo de Santo Agostinho/PE e vinculados à Vara da Infância e Juventude de Ipojuca/PE.
O trabalho emocional no trabalho publicitário
Authors: Ferreira Dôuglas Aparecido
Published: January 2023

Este artigo é parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa de doutoramento que visou estudar as emoções envolvidas no trabalho publicitário. O recorte escolhido analisa as práticas emocionais identificadas nos relatos dos profissionais deste setor, a fim de entender de que modo elas acontecem dentro do cenário laboral e o que revelam sobre o modo de produção capitalista. Para tanto, através de uma grade analítica constituída a partir das reflexões teóricas sobre o trabalho no capitalismo e o capitalismo emocional, analisamos os comentários da lista “Como é trabalhar aí? 2.0”, um documento com depoimentos anônimos sobre as rotinas nas agências de publicidade. Nossas conclusões demonstram como o trabalho emocional é, contraditoriamente, benéfico aos publicitários, ao mesmo tempo que também os torna ainda mais suscetíveis à exploração do capitalismo.
A mediação algorítmica nos rituais de consumo e a criatividade programada na cultura sneaker
Authors: Faria Maurício , Perez Clotilde , Pompeu Bruno
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho busca refletir sobre a midiatização dos rituais de consumo na cultura sneaker no contexto publicitário contemporâneo a partir de diálogos teóricos entre a perspectiva sociológica do algorítmo de Gillespie (2018), a antropossemiótica dos rituais de consumo de McCracken (2003) e Perez (2020), e as contribuições de Flusser (2008) sobre a criatividade programada nos usos das imagens técnicas. Como objeto empírico, analisa o lançamento do Gucci Virtual 25 em abril de 2021, um sneaker disponível apenas em realidade aumentada e vendido a US$ 12 no aplicativo da grife italiana. Como resultado, foi possível averiguar que as especificidades nos rituais de compra e uso – mediados algoritmicamente – hipervalorizam a midiatização do ritual de posse que, por sua vez, torna-se o principal atrativo publicitário para o ritual de busca.
Mediações algorítmicas em aplicativos de moda: lógicas publicitárias, funcionalidades e sustentabilidade no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Trindade Eneus , Zimmermann Daniel Dubosselard , Meira Karla
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho é parte da pesquisa Mediações algorítmicas na cultura de consumo material: funcionalidades e lógicas midiatizadoras em aplicativos de alimentos e moda, e traz o mapeamento e descrição de funções, na perspectiva da instituição de lógicas para o consumo em aplicativos (App) de moda brasileiros (Moda IT, Make You, Enjoei, LOC e Roupa Livre). Identificamos Apps de consumo de moda sobre compra, orientação de vestuário, tendências de consumo, moda sustentável e interações programadas. Metodologicamente descrevemos utilidades, funcionalidades e interações com usuários. Antevimos futuros novos estudos sobre tendências do consumo de moda, enfatizando o que se manifesta como tendência nos Apps estudados para o campo da moda em plataformas digitais, em interface com a sustentabilidade, tema que ainda tem percurso a ser consolidado.
Chitons of the genus Lepidochitona (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the Indian Ocean and ordering of species compositions of some genera of the subfamily Tonicellinae
Authors: SIRENKO BORIS
Published: January 2023

The species composition of the genus Lepidochitona in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Atlantic is reviewed. To the so far known three species of this region, two new species are added. One of them, L. africana n. sp., inhabits the area from False Bay on the southern coast of South Africa to Mpenjati, KwaZulu-Natal. The second species, L. pakistana n. sp., is restricted to the shallow waters of Pakistan. In addition, the previously considered rare species L. turtoni is revisited. Lastly, the controversial issues of the taxonomy and composition of the genera Lepidochitona and Cyanoplax, are discussed.
Experimental Validation of Float Array Tidal Current Measurements in Agate Pass, Washington
Authors: Harrison Trevor W. , Clemett Nate , Polagye Brian , Thomson Jim
Published: January 2023

Tidal currents, particularly in narrow channels, can be challenging to characterize due to high current speeds (>1 m s−1), strong spatial gradients, and relatively short synoptic windows. To assess tidal currents in Agate Pass, Washington, we cross evaluated data products from an array of acoustically tracked underwater floats and from acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) in both station-keeping and drifting modes. While increasingly used in basin-scale science, underwater floats have seen limited use in coastal environments. This study presents the first application of a float array toward small-scale (<1 km), high-resolution (<5 m) measurements of mean currents in energetic tidal channel and utilizes a new prototype float, the μFloat, designed specifically for sampling in dynamic coastal waters. We show that a float array (20 floats) can provide data with similar quality to ADCPs, with measurements of horizontal velocity differing by less than 10% of nominal velocity, except during periods of low flow (0.1 m s−1). Additionally, floats provided measurements of the three-dimensional temperature field, demonstrating their unique ability to simultaneously resolve in situ properties that cannot be remotely observed.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this research was to validate measurements of tidal currents in a fast-flowing tidal channel using a prototype technology composed of 20 drifting underwater sensors called μFloats (“microFloats”) and five surface buoys against standard devices (acoustic Doppler current profilers). Float measurements matched those from the standard devices within 10% of the mean water speed and simultaneously provided three-dimensional mapping of temperature in the test region. Results demonstrate how moderate numbers of simultaneously deployed μFloats can provide high-resolution sensing capacity that will improve our understanding of physical, chemical, and biological processes in coastal waters.
Music Videos as Health Promotion: Juvenile’s “Vax That Thang Up” and the Promotion of the COVID-19 Vaccine in the Black Community
Authors: Hawkins Deion , Simon-Roberts Sharifa
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 data reveals that the disease has disproportionately affected the Black community, yet the lowest vaccination rates can be found among this demographic. A myriad of factors can explain this health disparity, but structural barriers such as availability and vaccine apprehension amongst the Black community emerge as two primary reasons. Despite targeted outreach, traditional health campaigns directed at the Black community did not yield results; many argue this was due to the community’s history of medical exploitation and rightful distrust of the medical sector. Instead, the Black community turned to popular culture as a primary means of health information. In turn, Juvenile’s classic song “Back That Thang Up” was repurposed into a vaccine anthem—“Vax That Thang Up.” The PSA, which infuses hip-hop, health promotion, and the power of music videos, sparked controversy and has over 3 million views on YouTube. These considerations serve as the basis of this study, which will interrogate the intersection of health communication and pop culture, in relation to the music video—“Vax That Thang Up.” The researchers will employ the culture-centered approach to unpack how the music video disrupted traditional aspects of health communication campaigns.
Polysensoriality and Aesthetics: The Lived Sensory Experiences of Adults with Mental Illness
Authors: Bailliard Antoine , Lee Ben , Bennett Jody
Published: January 2023

Background. Research in neuroscience shows that adults with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders experience atypical sensory processing (e.g., deficits in sensory gating and mismatch negativity). Despite significant evidence proving these biomarkers are common among adults with serious mental illness, it is unclear how their sensory experiences impact their occupations in daily life (i.e., real-world implications of atypical sensory processing). Purpose. To explore how the lived sensory experiences of adults with psychotic disorders affect their occupations. Method. We used Walking with Video, photo-elicitation, and semi-structured interviews to study how the lived sensory experiences of adults with psychotic disorders ( N  =  6) relate to their occupations. Informed by a phenomenological perspective, we analysed data from semistructured interviews, and undertook analyses through iterative rounds of coding to develop themes and two cycles of group reflective practices to identify researcher biases and assumptions. Findings. Analyses revealed the following themes: polysensoriality, embodied aesthetics of everyday life, habits of sensing and sensory anchors, and active sensory beings. Implications. In clinical contexts, occupational therapists should carefully consider the situatedness of sensory experiences while avoiding assumptions that sensory preferences and aversions mechanistically generalize across contexts and occupations.
Using the Grooved Pegboard Test as an Embedded Validity Indicator in a Mixed Neuropsychiatric Sample with Varying Cognitive Impairment: Cross-Validation Problems
Authors: Chang Fini , Cerny Brian M. , Tse Phoebe Ka Yin , Rauch Andrew A. , Khan Humza , Phillips Matthew S. , Fletcher Noah B. , Resch Zachary J. , Ovsiew Gabriel P. , Jennette Kyle J. , Soble Jason R.
Published: January 2023

Embedded validity indicators (EVIs) derived from motor tests have received less empirical attention than those derived from tests of other neuropsychological abilities, particularly memory. Preliminary evidence suggests that the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPB) may function as an EVI, but existing studies were largely conducted using simulators and population samples without cognitive impairment. In this study we aimed to evaluate the GPB’s classification accuracy as an EVI among a mixed clinical neuropsychiatric sample with and without cognitive impairment. This cross-sectional study comprised 223 patients clinically referred for neuropsychological testing. GPB raw and T-scores for both dominant and nondominant hands were examined as EVIs. A known-groups design, based on ≤1 failure on a battery of validated, independent criterion PVTs, showed that GPB performance differed significantly by validity group. Within the valid group, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that only the dominant hand raw score displayed acceptable classification accuracy for detecting invalid performance (area under curve [AUC] = .72), with an optimal cut-score of ≥106 seconds (33% sensitivity/88% specificity). All other scores had marginally lower classification accuracy (AUCs = .65–.68) for differentiating valid from invalid performers. Therefore, the GPB demonstrated limited utility as an EVI in a clinical sample containing patients with bona fide cognitive impairment.
Cascade of Care for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Young Adults Who Inject Drugs in a Rural County in New Mexico
Authors: Carmody Mary D. , Wagner Katherine , Bizstray Birgitta , Thornton Karla , Fiuty Phillip , Rosario Aubrey Del , Teshale Eyasu , Page Kimberly
Published: January 2023

Objective:

Treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly effective; however, people who inject drugs (PWID), the population most affected by HCV, may encounter barriers to treatment. We examined the cascade of care for HCV infection among young adult PWID in northern New Mexico, to help identify gaps and opportunities for HCV treatment intervention.

Methods:

Young adults (aged 18-29 y) who self-reported injection drug use in the past 90 days were tested for HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) and HCV RNA. We asked participants with detectable RNA to participate in an HCV education session, prior to a referral to a local health care provider for treatment follow-up, and to return for follow-up HCV testing quarterly for 1 year. We measured the cascade of care milestones ranging from the start of screening to achievement of sustained virologic response (SVR).

Results:

Among 238 participants, the median age was 26 years and 133 (55.9%) were men. Most (90.3%) identified as Hispanic. Of 109 RNA-positive participants included in the cascade of care assessment, 84 (77.1%) received their results, 82 (75.2%) participated in the HCV education session, 61 (56.0%) were linked to care through a medical appointment, 27 (24.8%) attended the HCV treatment appointment, 13 (11.9%) attended their follow-up appointment, 6 (5.5%) initiated treatment, 3 (2.8%) completed treatment, and 1 (0.9%) achieved SVR.

Conclusions:

We observed a steeply declining level of engagement at each milestone step of the cascade of care after detection of HCV infection, resulting in a suboptimal level of HCV treatment and cure. Programs that can streamline testing and expand access to treatment from trusted health care providers are needed to improve the engagement of PWID in HCV treatment.
Anxiety and possibility: the many future(s) of COVID-19
Authors: Rumelili Bahar
Published: January 2023

This is the introduction to the forum, Anxiety and possibility: the many future(s) of COVID-19. It summarizes the contributions within a common framework and situates them in the extant literature.
Psychological Assessment of Cross-Cultural Mission Candidates in Australasia
Authors: Thompson Katherine N. , Williams David , Kimber Thomas , Matthews Delle , Grossmann Mathis , Brautigam Michael
Published: January 2023

This study surveyed psychological assessment practice for cross-cultural mission candidates in Australasia. It hypothesized that there would be a difference in knowledge about assessments between mission chief executive officers (CEOs), member care specialists, and psychological assessors. Sixty-nine mission organization staff and nine independent assessors responded to an online survey about psychological assessment, compliance with Australian legislation and government recommendations, and the use of psychometric tests. The results suggested that pre-field psychological assessments were a vital part of member care. Assessors were more likely to report organizations struggled to apply the results to candidate selection, that assessments were used to screen out people with mental illness, and were looking for different key attributes in candidates compared with organizations. The key areas that were identified as being important to assess were strong interpersonal skills, physical and psychological resilience, and contentment with current relationship status. The study also identified several systemic problems in relation to the focus of assessments, payment, measurement, and whether reports complied with law and government recommendations, and previous recommendations in the mission literature. This study suggested a need for a more standardized purposeful approach to conducting pre-field psychological assessments for cross-cultural mission candidates.
“The Police State in Franklin K. Lane”: Desegregation, Student Resistance, and the Carceral Turn at a New York City High School
Authors: Remnick Noah
Published: January 2023

This essay seeks to understand the origins, development, and consequences of school policing and student discipline at Franklin K. Lane High School in New York City. During the fevered years of the late 1960s, perhaps no other school in the country saw more tension, violence, repression, and resistance. What took place there represented a kind of denouement in the city’s decades-long battles over race, class, policing, discipline, desegregation, community control, and student rights. In centering the happenings at Lane, this essay demonstrates how the logics and politics of school policing and student discipline were forged not only from the top down, by government officials at the highest levels, but also from the bottom up, in the complex interplay between the parents, student organizers, teachers, and administrators at the school. It also demonstrates how city officials leveraged individual school conflicts into broader carceral expansions that affected the entire public education system.
Is adopting artificial intelligence in libraries urgency or a buzzword? A systematic literature review
Authors: Harisanty Dessy , Anna Nove E Variant , Putri Tesa Eranti , Firdaus Aji Akbar , Noor Azizi Nurul Aida
Published: January 2023

This study aims to investigate the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in libraries from 2011 to 2020. This study uses PRISMA guidelines to perform a systematic literature review (SLR). The articles were obtained mainly from the SCOPUS database, with Google Scholar as the supporting database. AI can easily be adopted in libraries, especially for technical services such as classification and cataloguing, library management such as staffing and decision-making, library services such as referencing and information service, and for information literacy. Successful AI adoption is, however, still debatable, because there are many requirements that need to be met, so that it can be inclusively adopted in libraries. There is a lack of research on the application of AI in libraries, especially in the context of its actual implementation. The results of this study offer insights on the implementation of AI in library support services.