bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Women fear the law more than abusers”: a study of public trust in health and legal response to violence against women in Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Evans Dabney P. , Hall Casey D. Xavier , DeSousa Nancy , Wilkins Jasmine D. , Chiang Ellen Dias de Oliveira , Vertamatti Maria A. F.
Published: October 2020

Abstract: Little is known about how perceptions of government affects women’s views of violence against women. This qualitative study examines women’s perceptions of violence against women laws and trust in the health and legal sector response in São Paulo State, Brazil. Thirty interviews with female residents of Santo André, 18 years and older, were audio recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed for themes using MAXQDA12 software. All women were familiar with at least one federal violence against women law. They expressed widespread lack of trust in the government. They viewed the legal sector as ineffective and felt violence against women laws have little impact, or exacerbate violence. Disdain for the health sector was less prominent than for the legal sector. A generalized lack of trust in government manifests as a lack of confidence in these laws for women seeking support through legal and health sectors. Adoption of legal protections for women is a significant accomplishment. However, health and legal sector violence against women response needs to consider perceptions of government, how violence against women laws are operationalized, and the role of each sector in ensuring women’s safety. Violence against women response efforts should include standardized intersectoral procedures including referral to accessible resources and means of screening women who may be at high risk for femicide.
Padrões de multimorbidade e incapacidade funcional em idosos brasileiros: estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde
Authors: Schmidt Tauana Prestes , Wagner Katia Jakovljevic Pudla , Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola , Danielewicz Ana Lúcia
Published: October 2020

A presença de padrões de multimorbidade tem sido relacionada à incapacidade funcional nas atividades básicas (ABVD) e instrumentais (AIVD) de vida diária, que são essenciais ao autocuidado e autonomia do idoso. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi estimar a associação dos padrões de multimorbidade com a presença de incapacidade funcional em idosos brasileiros. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, utilizando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS 2013), realizada com idosos brasileiros (≥ 60 anos). As medidas de incapacidade funcional foram provenientes de questionários autorreferidos, categorizadas em atividades básicas de vida diária (ABVD) e atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD). Os padrões de multimorbidade analisados foram: (1) cardiorespiratório; (2) vascular-metabólico; e (3) mental-musculoesquelético. As variáveis de ajuste incluíram idade, sexo, anos de estudo e região do país. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística multivariável, estimando-se as odds ratio (OR) brutas e ajustadas, pelo software Stata 16.0. Os idosos classificados nos padrões mental-musculoesquelético tiveram maiores chances de ter incapacidade nas ABVD (OR = 2,72; IC95%: 2,33; 3,18), enquanto aqueles com padrão cardiopulmonar mostraram maiores chances de incapacidade nas AIVD (OR = 2,65; IC95%: 1,95; 3,60), quando comparados aos que não tinham os mesmos padrões de acometimento. Concluiu-se que todos os padrões de multimorbidade analisados foram associados à presença de incapacidade nas ABVD e AIVD e, assim, devem ser considerados no planejamento das ações para prevenção de incapacidades em idosos com multimorbidades.
Síntese e caracterização de zeólita tipo sodalita obtida a partir de resíduo de caulim
Authors: Sousa B. B. , Rego J. A. R. , Brasil D. S. B. , Martelli M. C.
Published: October 2020

Resumo Produtos zeolíticos foram sintetizados a partir de um resíduo industrial do processo de beneficiamento de caulim. O material de partida foi submetido a tratamento térmico a 700 °C durante 2 h. As sínteses foram realizadas com a reação do resíduo com NaOH e uma fonte adicional de sílica, em condições hidrotermais, para relações molares de SiO2/Al2O3 de 2 a 4, tempos de cristalização de 24 a 72 h e temperaturas de 90 a 120 °C. A matéria-prima inicial foi caracterizada por FRX, DRX, MEV e TG/DSC, e os produtos sintetizados por meio de DRX, MEV, TG/DSC, FTIR, área específica BET e distribuição de diâmetro de poros. O ensaio realizado a 90 °C, com 48 h de cristalização e relação SiO2/Al2O3 igual a 3 revelou melhor resultado com a formação de sodalita como única fase cristalina. A partir das técnicas de caracterização, foi possível confirmar a formação da sodalita, observando-se os principais aspectos referentes a essa zeólita.
Mineralogical characterization of clay mineral assemblages from Rio de Janeiro pegmatites to identify kaolinite and/or halloysite deposits
Authors: Salgado-Campos V. M. J. , Bertolino L. C. , Silva F. J. da , Mendes J. C.
Published: October 2020

Abstract This study reports the mineralogical characterization of kaolin occurrences in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to identify new kaolinite and halloysite deposits. Samples were collected in 10 pegmatites with varying sizes for X-ray diffractometry, chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy studies. The results indicated that the kaolin occurrences were of weathered origin, wherein some places there were occurrences of tubular halloysite. Concerning the regolith stratigraphy, samples located in the saprock zone were found to contain kaolinite and/or halloysite contents from 0 to 10.1%, while those located in the saprolite zone contained kaolinite and/or halloysite contents from 16.3% to 34.9%. Kaolinite and/or halloysite-7Å were formed from plagioclase weathering instead of K-feldspar or mica, and the halloysite-7Å occurrence was related to samples in regions with a higher degree of weathering.
Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of activated charcoal from microalgae for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye
Authors: Figueiredo V. M. , Lourenço J. B. , Vasconcellos N. J. S. de , Silva W. L. da
Published: October 2020

Abstract The need to adopt measures that reduce the persistence of pollutants in the environment is notorious, in order to promote the correct disposal and treatment of effluents. This study aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the photocatalytic activity of activated charcoal obtained from the residual biomass of Chlorella pyrenoidosa microalgae for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 porosimetry, and zeta potential. To evaluate the photocatalytic activity, experiments were carried out in a stirred batch reactor. The activated charcoal prepared from microalgae biomass showed the better photocatalytic activity in the degradation of the RhB dye of 75.5% under ultraviolet radiation (k=0.0121 min-1), and 66.5% under visible radiation (k=0.0091 min-1), while the commercial ZnO achieved 92.5% (k=0.0158 min-1) and 16.6% (k=0.0032 min-1) for ultraviolet and visible radiation, respectively. Moreover, the activation/carbonization process used for the preparation of activated charcoal from microalgae biomass promoted changes in the structural, textural, and catalytic properties of the prepared samples.
Caracterização de flogopita para processamento de filtros cerâmicos porosos pelo método da réplica
Authors: Procópio A. M. S. , Ferreira E. J. C. , Oliveira L. G. , Barros M. de , Freitas M. R. de , Silva M. C. da , Moura Filho F.
Published: October 2020

Resumo Descreve-se a caracterização da matéria-prima flogopita [KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2] e o processo de fabricação de filtros cerâmicos porosos (FCPs) a partir desta, via método da réplica (esponja polimérica) de forma simples e eficaz. A flogopita foi caracterizada por difratometria de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier por reflexão total atenuada, espectroscopia no UV-vis, termogravimetria, análise térmica diferencial e dilatometria, e os FCPs por microscopia eletrônica de varredura acoplada por espectroscopia por energia dispersiva e pelo método de imersão para determinação da porosidade aparente (PA), absorção de água (AA) e densidade aparente (DA). DRX indicou, além da fase flogopita, as fases caulinita, biotita e goetita para a amostra sem tratamento térmico. A energia de band gap de 3,10 eV foi determinada por UV-vis. A partir das análises térmicas, encontrou-se a temperatura de queima do material entre 1000 e 1200 °C. Determinaram-se PA na faixa de 92% a 95%, AA de 84% a 89% e DA de 0,12 a 0,25 g.cm-3. Os FCPs apresentaram altos teores dos elementos oxigênio, alumínio, silício, ferro e magnésio, além de estruturas celulares interconectadas com perfis circulares e distribuição de tamanho dos poros na faixa de 0,25 a 0,40 mm.
Morphometrics of the indian false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra) from district Jhelum, Pakistan
Authors: Shahbaz M. , Hamidullah  , Khan W. , Javid A. , Attaullah  , Rasheed S. B. , Anwar K. , Ullah A. , Zeb J. , Khan M. I. , Ahmad Q. A. , Khan B. T. , Khan M. , Ullah I. , Farooq Z. , Hussain A.
Published: October 2020

Abstract During the present study thirteen Megaderma lyra bats were observed roosting in dark, domed shaped room of Rohtas Fort, district Jhelum. Out of these, six specimens were captured from the roosting site, using hand net. All captured specimens were male. These bats were identified through their unique facial features, an erect and elongated nose-leaf, large oval ears that joined above the forehead and no tail. Mean head and body length of captured specimens was 80 mm, forearm length was 67 mm while average lengths of 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals were 51.73 mm, 55.17 mm and 60.42 mm, respectively. Mean skull length was 29.84 mm, breadth of braincase was 12.77 mm. Average Penis length of two specimens was 6.6 mm and total bacular length was 3.08 mm respectively. This is the first record of Megaderma lyra from district Jhelum.
Prevalence and factors associated with the consumption of folic acid and iron in pregnant women in the BRISA cohort
Authors: Lima Renata Monteiro , Leite Elisângela Veruska Nóbrega Crispim , Furtado Danielle França , Santos Alcione Miranda dos
Published: October 2020

Abstract Objectives: to describe the prevalence and factors associated with the consumption of folic acid and iron among puerperal women in the city of São Luís, Maranhão. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 4,036 puerperal women through a standardized questionnaire. The dependent variables (outcomes) were: the consumption of folic acid during pregnancy, iron and folic acid before pregnancy. The independent variables: age; schooling; skin color; marital status; income; planned pregnancy; place and number of prenatal consultations. Statistical analyzes were performed on STATA 14.0. For the first two outcomes, Poisson model with a robust variance was used. And for the last one, logistic regression. Results: the prevalence of consuming folic acid and iron during pregnancy were, respec-tively, 77.27% and 84.98%. However, only 0.37% reported the consume of folic acid and iron before pregnancy. In the adjusted analysis, the variables associated with the consumption of folic acid during pregnancy were: schooling and income; the consume of iron during preg-nancy, age only; and for those who consumed folic acid before pregnancy, no variable was statistically significant. Conclusions: high percentage of puerperal women who consumed folic acid and iron supplements during pregnancy, however, the recommended consumption of folic acid before pregnancy was low and maternal, social and economic factors influence the consumption of these supplements.
O papel do gestor e curador da informação nos novos comportamentos informacionais
Authors: Aleixo Marina Romano , Fernandes Maria Jose Oliveira , Costa Gislane , Ribeiro H. Soraia
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Com a nova tendência dos comportamentos informacionais, uma nova profissão emerge. O gestor e curador da informação traz uma transdisciplinaridade e multidisciplinaridade para mediar e colaborar com esse novo cenário. Este artigo objetiva a análise do papel do gestor e curador da informação face aos novos comportamentos informacionais, seu papel como mediador e colaborador e como seu trabalho vai ao encontro das novas políticas europeias de competências digitais. Por meio da revisão de literatura nas áreas de Ciência da Informação, da Tecnologia da Informação e da Sociologia desenvolveu-se uma análise crítica do tema abordado para difusão do perfil supracitado. Conclui-se a importância do gestor e curador da informação como mediador e colaborador na sociedade de informação.
Caderno Educação em Direitos Humanos e governança: algumas similitudes com documentos da UNESCO e do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento
Authors: Rezende Maria José De
Published: October 2020

Resumo O Caderno Educação em Direitos Humanos ( CEDH ) indica que confia nos processos de governança para solucionar uma parte expressiva dos problemas educacionais. Essa convicção é muito semelhante à que tem sido externada também por diversos organismos internacionais, lideranças políticas, governantes e organizações da sociedade civil. A esses agentes caberia a tarefa de compor uma rede de ações e de procedimentos para expandir uma forma de educação capaz de transformar as pessoas em sujeitos de direitos e em indivíduos dotados da capacidade de impulsionar mudanças expressivas em sua vida e na vida dos demais indivíduos que vivem ao seu redor. Por meio de uma pesquisa documental histórico-hermenêutica concluiu-se que as prescrições, postas no CEDH, para trabalhar os princípios que orientam as Diretrizes Nacionais da Educação em Direitos Humanos , têm similaridades com as sugestões de geração de políticas de enlaçamento de diversos agentes, postas nos Relatórios do Desenvolvimento Humano do PNUD e nos Relatórios de Monitoramento Global das Metas de Educação para Todos , da UNESCO.
A perspectiva dos pesquisadores sobre os desafios da pesquisa no Brasil
Authors: Souza Donizeti Leandro de , Zambalde André Luiz , Mesquita Daniel Leite , Souza Thais Assis de , Silva Nanielle Lourena Campos da
Published: October 2020

Resumo O desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico brasileiro tem apresentado importantes avanços nas últimas décadas. No entanto, diversos entraves ainda limitam o impacto das pesquisas brasileiras no cenário internacional. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar os principais desafios da pesquisa científica e tecnológica no Brasil, analisando fatores latentes, segundo a percepção de pesquisadores atuantes em universidades públicas brasileiras. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo exploratório-descritivo, combinando técnicas qualitativa (análise de conteúdo) e quantitativa (análise fatorial), sendo os dados coletados por meio de 16 entrevistas e 722 questionários preenchidos por pesquisadores atuantes em programas de pós-graduação (mestrado e doutorado) de universidades públicas brasileiras. Os resultados indicaram a presença de onze desafios, os quais podem ser agrupados em três fatores latentes: (i) ambiente de pesquisa, representado pelas condições de trabalho no que se refere ao acesso a recursos, infraestrutura deficitária, alta burocracia e sobrecarga de trabalho; (ii) práticas de pesquisa, representado pela baixa interação dos pesquisadores entre si e com as demandas da sociedade, baixa divulgação/apropriação do conhecimento produzido e valorização excessiva de artigos científicos e (iii) formação e qualificação de recursos humanos, representado pela falta de comprometimento e capacitação dos pesquisadores, além da baixa relevância das pesquisas desenvolvidas. Tais resultados mostram-se importantes para a identificação dos principais entraves da pesquisa no Brasil, permitindo novas reflexões para o avanço do Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (SNCTI).
Reinforced concrete beams coated with fiberglass-reinforced polymeric profiles as partial substitutes for the transverse reinforcement
Authors: Hoffman Igor Souza , Piva Jorge Henrique , Wanderlind Augusto , Antunes Elaine Guglielmi Pavei
Published: October 2020

abstract: The use of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers) structural profiles in the construction sector is growing due to their attractive properties, such as high mechanical strength and durability in aggressive environments. With this, it is necessary to conduct studies that deepen the knowledge about the performance of these materials in structural applications. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the mechanical performance of reinforced concrete beams coated with GFRP profiles, in comparison to reinforced concrete beams, by analyzing groups with different spacing between transversal reinforcement. In all groups there was no change in the longitudinal reinforcement, and the D and Q groups were, respectively, made up of transverse reinforcement spaced twice and quadruple the one calculated for the reference beams, and presented the GFRP profiles in their constitution. All beams were tested at four-point bending, and strain gauges were installed in one of the beams of each group studied. The results obtained in the tests showed an increase in strength of 83.67% in the beams of group D, and 79.91% for group Q, in relation to the references. The analysis of longitudinal deformations made it possible to verify increases in stiffness and the moment of cracking in composite beams. Thus, based on this study, the composite structures studied may constitute future solutions for constructions exposed to aggressive environmental conditions, in order to increase their durability and also to contribute to the design of such structural elements with lower reinforcement rates.
Optical and dielectric studies for the determination of gap states of the ‘polypyrrole’
Authors: Castañeda Luis
Published: October 2020

The polypyrrole is a conducting polymer prepared by chemical route. The diffuse reflectance measured in the wavelength range (300–2500 nm) permitted the calculation of the refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), dissipation factor (tan δ) and relaxation time (τ). The optical band gap (E g) was evaluated from the dielectric and conductivity properties, and its value (1.01 eV) was confirmed by using the Tauc relation.
Beam enhancement capacity of a thin fibre-reinforced polymer liner
Authors: Shan Z. , Porter I. , Nemcik J. , Baafi E.
Published: October 2020

This study investigates a glass-reinforced polymeric thin spray-on liner and its ability to reinforce substrate surface in underground excavations by the use of laboratory testing. Twenty-three hydrostone beams uncoated and coated with 5 mm thick fibre-reinforced polymer  (FRP) coating were subjected to four-point bending tests to study their strength. The hydrostone beams coated with FRP experienced 1·3 times increase in strength when compared to the plain uncoated beams. Experiments also showed that in addition to the increased strength, the beams failure modes were also altered where the uncoated beams failed in tension while the polymer-coated specimens failed predominantly in shear. To study the influence of the FRP on fractured and notched surfaces, several beams with artificially induced rectangular and V-shaped notches were also tested. The results indicated that a single notch located at the bottom centre of the uncoated specimens led to strength reduction by 86% while polymer-coated notched beams had 13-fold increase in strength compared to a notched but uncoated specimen. The specimen strength further increased when the notch was infilled with the polymer material. Substantial reinforcement of rock substrate in an underground tunnel is possible with the application of this polymeric liner.
Stability of ceramics based on ZrO2 doped with Y2O3 under hydrothermal action
Authors: Komolikov Yu. I. , Kascheev I. D. , Khrustov V. R. , Pudov V. I.
Published: October 2020

The article investigates the influence of hydrothermal action on the physical and mechanical properties of ceramics ZrO2 - 3 mol. % Y2O3. A comparison of the properties of samples sintered at 1350 °C in an air atmosphere and at 1850 °C in a vacuum, followed by oxidative annealing at 1200 °C in an air atmosphere, is carried out. It has been shown that the characteristics of specimens sintered at 1850 °C practically do not change after hydrothermal treatment, whereas in specimens sintered at 1350 °C, there was a significant drop in strength and hardness, by about 40-50 %.
The choice of a method for protecting the environment from pollution when mining asbestos-containing ore
Authors: Khokhryakov A. V. , Studenok G. A. , Studenok A. G. , Olkhovsky A. M.
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the mechanism of contamination of quarry waters during drilling and blasting preparation of asbestos-containing raw materials under the influence of man-made and natural factors, which can serve as a basis for making specific technological decisions that reduce the negative impact on the environment during the development of chrysotile-asbestos deposits. The dependence of the intake of nitrogen compounds in quarry waters on the consumption of explosives and the volume of formation of quarry waters is presented. The article shows the possibility of using the purification of quarry water in the spent open mine workings, the sides of which are composed of plastic asbestos-containing rocks. The relationship between the volumes of internaldumping and contamination of open pit drainage waters is analyzed.
Universal booster device for moving and lifting bulk materials in two- and three-phase flows
Authors: Davydov S. Ya. , Makarov V. N. , Apakashev R. A. , Makarov N. V. , Kozhushko G. G.
Published: October 2020

A universal version of a booster device for lifting a transporting medium with the presence of lumpy materials is considered. Calculation formulas are given for determining the dependence of the speed of movement of a three-phase medium in a slurry pipeline with a turbo-vortex slurry movement, as well as for determining an additional volume of air supplied through a booster device into a pulp-pipeline. The development relates to devices for transportation and lifting of bulk and liquid media in two- and three-phase flows and can be used in construction, metallurgy, mining and other industries.
Technical ceramics: material science and technology principles and mechanisms for the development and implementation of ceramic electrical insulators for various scientific and practical purposes
Authors: Roman O. V. , Shmuradko V. T. , Panteleenko F. I. , Reut O. P. , Bendik T. I. , Shmuradko N. A. , Sudnik L. V. , Borodavko V. I. , Kizimov A. N. , Klavkina V. V.
Published: October 2020

The concept of creating electrical insulating ceramic materialsproducts from powder systems representing oxide and nonoxide chemical compounds was formed; a program document for materials science and technological logistics of physical and chemical transformation of technogenic mineral raw materials into electrical materials-products of various scientific, practical and specific technological purposes was created and implemented. The principal theoretical approach and its appliedpractical aspects of the development - research - creation of thermo- and chemically resistant structural electrical insulation materials - products for various scientific and practical purposes: automatic contact welding of tubular bimetals (for example, copper - aluminum), electron beam welding in vacuum of thickwalled large-sized structures made of high-strength aluminum alloys, high-temperature (1050 oC) hardening of drilling tools in vacuum furnaces in the medium of dissociated acetylene are considered, in electric transmissions of brake installations of quarry dump trucks (k/s) BelAZ.
Cement free castable. Part 6. Comparative assessment of natural (clay) and artificial ceramic binders (HCBS)
Authors: Pivinskiy Yu. E. , Doroganov V. A. , Doroganov E. A.
Published: October 2020

A comparative assessment of artificial (based on highly concentrated ceramic binders suspensions - HCBS) and natural (based on clays and kaolins) ceramic binders of similar composition has been carried out. Analysis of their properties and characteristics shows both their significant similarity and significant difference. As with HCBS, the binding (strength) properties of clays and kaolins are determined by the content of colloidal particles and nanoparticles in them. In contrast to HCBS, clays and kaolins are characterized by a significant content of chemically bound water, a high water requirement of molding systems, and a sharp, different (by an order of magnitude and higher) shrinkage during drying. If binders based on clays are considered from the position of HCBS classification, then according to their chemical composition they can be classified as acid-amphoteric (like materials based on chamotte). However, in terms of chemically bound water, volumetric concentration of the suspension, they are closer to HCBS of amphoteric and basic compositions. The addition of refractory clays and kaolins is very effective in the production of ceramic concrete.
Osmanlı’dan Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemine Miras Kalan Bir İlköğretim Meselesi; Muallim Muavinleri
Authors: YANARDAĞ Ayse
Published: October 2020

19. yüzyılda dağılma sürecine giren Osmanlı Devleti kötü gidişi engellemek adına ıslahatlar yapmaya başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda yapılan ıslahatlar arasında eğitim alanında yapılanlar oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Askeri ve siyasi bakımdan işlerin kötü gittiği bir dönemde kurtuluşun ancak iyi eğitilmiş, çağdaş bilgi ve becerilerle donanmış bir toplum ile sağlanabileceği düşünülmüştür. Medrese sistemi ve anlayışı dışında yeni mektepler rüştiyeler açılmıştır. Ancak sıbyandan rüştiyelere gelen öğrencilerin yetersiz oldukları, okuma yazmayı dahi beceremedikleri görülmüştür. Okuryazarlığı arttırmak, yeni açılan rüştiyelere daha donanımlı öğrenci almak için sıbyan seviyesinde usûl-ı cedit (yeni usul) arayış veya hareketi başlamıştır. Bu şekilde yeni açılan mektepler ibtidai adını alırken bu yeni usulü okullarda uygulayabilecek donanımlı muallim (öğretmen) ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Devletin medrese sistemi dışında çağdaş anlayışta öğretmen yetiştirmek için açtığı darülmuallimler (Öğretmen Okulu) Türk tarihinde modern anlamda öğretmen yetiştirmenin başlangıcını teşkil etmiştir. Ancak açılan Darülmuallimin-i sıbyan mezunları yeterli gelmediği için mevcut öğretmenleri yeni usul üzere eğitmek veya başka okul mezunlarından atama yapmak yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Bunlara Öğretmen Okulu mezunlarının aldığı diploma demek olan şahadetname değil ehliyetname verilmiştir. Bu durumda Öğretmen Okulu mezunları ile mevcut öğretmenler ve farklı kaynaklardan gelen öğretmenler arasında hukuki ve özlük hakları bakımından farklılık ortaya çıkmıştır. Farklı okul mezunları da Öğretmen Okulu mezunlarının sahip olduğu haklara sahip olmak istemişlerdir. Bu durum öğretmenlik mesleğinin gelişimi ile ilgili bir mesele olup Cumhuriyet Dönemi’ne intikal etmiş ve 1927 yılında çözüme kavuşmuştur. Bu nedenle araştırma muallim muavinleri meselesinin çözüldüğü 1927 yılıyla sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada meselenin geçirdiği aşamalar arşiv belgeleri, basın, maarif salnameleri ve başka kaynaklardan yararlanılarak süreç ortaya konmaya ve değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Maârif Salnâmelerine Göre İdlib Kazasında Müslüman Okullaranda Eğitim ve Öğretim Faaliyetleri (H.1316-1321/M.1898-1904)
Authors: ELÇİÇEĞİ Büşra , YILMAZ Ali
Published: October 2020

Türk eğitim sistemi kapsamında geçmişe yönelik yapılan eğitim araştırmalarında Maârif Salnâmeleri, devletin eğitim yapısını sistemli olarak göstermesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. İdlib kazasının eğitim kurumlarının araştırılma nedeni ise dönemin üç büyük vilâyetinden biri olan Halep vilâyetine bağlı olup bugün Suriye sınırları içerisinde yer alması ve gündemde olan bir bölge olması etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Maârif Salnâmeleri’nde yer alan veriler ışığında İdlib kazasındaki Müslüman okullarında gerçekleştirilen eğitim-öğretim faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma desenine göre tasarlanan bu çalışmada doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Dokümanlardan ulaşılan veriler Osmanlıcadan günümüz Türkçesine çevrilerek ilgili olduğu konuya göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda H.1316-1321/M.1898-1904 tarihli salnâmeler incelenip kazadaki rüşdiye düzeyindeki Müslüman okullar, bu okullardaki idareciler, öğretmenler, okutulan dersler, öğrenci ve hademe sayıları incelenmiştir. Tanzimat ile beraber Sosyal Bilgiler dersi kapsamına giren disiplinlerin eğitimi ilk olarak rüşdiyelerde gerçekleştiği için 2018 Sosyal Bilgiler programında yer alan değer ve becerilerle ilgili karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapılmıştır. Ayrıca kazada bulunan Osmanlı klasik dönem eğitim kurumlarından olan medreseler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak kazadaki kütüphaneler incelenerek kurucuları ve kaç adet kitaba sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, kazada 1 adet rüşdiye, 9 kütüphane, 6 medrese bulunmaktadır. Kütüphane içerisinde toplam 4450 kitap mevcuttur. Rüşdiye okulunda yıllara göre öğrenci sayısında dalgalanma görülse de medreselerde toplam 90 öğrenci eğitim görmüştür.
Tarih Ders Kitaplarında Değerler ve Değer Aktarım Yaklaşımları
Authors: MUÇ Köksal , PAMUK Akif
Published: October 2020

Değer, bireyin amaçları ve ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda olguya yüklediği belirli nitelik ve anlamlar ile belirlenen tavır ve davranışlar olarak tanımlanabilir. Bireyin kendi tercihlerine bağlı olarak sergilediği davranışlara kaynaklık etmesinin yanında değer, davranışları yargılamayı sağlayacak anlayışları da içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Ayrıca zamandan bağımsız olmayan, toplumun çoğunluğu tarafından kabul gören değerlerin, eğitim yoluyla yeni nesillere aktarılması, değerlere ve değer eğitimine özel bir anlam yüklemiştir. Bireylerde egemen söylemin istediği yönde davranış değişikliği öngören eğitim faaliyetleri içerisinde yer alan tarih dersleri, sadece geçmişin bilgisini öğretmekle kalmayıp değer aktarımını da içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Tarih dersleri, öğrencilere belli değerleri kazandırmakta ya da bu değerlerin sorgulanmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de 2018 yılında gerçekleşen müfredat değişikliğinin ardından yenilenen ortaöğretim tarih ders kitaplarında yer alan değerlerin ve değer aktarım yaklaşımlarının neler olduğunu ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması kullanılarak doküman incelemesi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 9, 10, 11. sınıf tarih ders kitapları ile 12. sınıf T.C. İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük ders kitapları örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Ders kitaplarındaki değerler ve değer aktarım yaklaşımlarının neler olduğu ve ifade etmiş olduğu anlamlar betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yapılarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ders kitaplarında yer alan kök değerlerin, evrensel ve geleneksel anlayış odaklı karakter eğitiminde yer alan değerlerden meydana geldiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Mevcut değerlerin aktarımında sıklıkla tercih edilen yöntemin, birçok değerin doğrudan öğrenciye aktarıldığı değerleri telkin etmek veya aşılamak olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Maarif Risalesinde Toplumu Bilgiyle Tanıştırabilme Kaygısı ve Eğitime Yaklaşım (1891-1896)
Authors: AKAGÜNDÜZ Ümüt
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırma okuma kültürü ile bilgiyi yaygınlaştırma çabalarının Son Dönem Osmanlı tarihindeki seyrini somutlaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. II. Abdülhamit yıllarında yayımlanan dergiler, gazeteler, risaleler bu seyrin izlenmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. 1891-1896 yılları arasında 238 sayı yayımlanan Maarif risalesi araştırmacılara değerlendirebilecekleri olanaklar sunmaktadır. Antropoloji, arkeoloji, botanik, coğrafya, edebiyat, eğitim, tarih, teknoloji, tıp ve zooloji gibi farklı disiplinlerden yazılara sahip olan Maarif, gelişkin görsel kullanımıyla da ön plandadır. Teknik yeniliklerden, canlılardan, bilimsel ve edebi anlatımlardan oluşan güçlü okuma ağıyla Maarif, bilginin dönüşen karakterini aydınlara, öğrencilere ve bürokratlara tanıtmıştır. Eğitimde gelişim evrelerinin, kişisel özelliklerin ve yeteneğin önemini ön planda tutan yazılar da risalede yer almıştır. Özellikle Ayşe Sıdıka Hanım'ın pedagoji üzerine yayımladığı makaleleri okuyuculara çağdaş eğitim yöntemlerini yansıtmaktadır. Derginin edebi kimliğinden ziyade pozitivist bilgiyi okuma kültürüyle yayma çabalarına odaklanan bu araştırma, tarama modeli ve doküman analizi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada bilimsel okuma kültürü ile bilginin popülerleşmesi işlendikten sonra eğitime yaklaşım analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda Maarif risalesinden hareketle Osmanlı Devleti’nin son yıllarında popüler bilginin ve okuma kültürünün önemli dönüşümler geçirdiği açığa çıkartılmıştır.
Vivarium Population Spender: Immigration Module v1
Authors: Rangel Smith Camila
Published: October 2020

Description of the steps followed by Vivarium Population Spenser library when running the Immigration module.
In vivo screening using part BBa_K3423005 v1
Authors: Zhang Linsheng
Published: October 2020

Protein anti-CRISPR-associated 1 (Aca1) is the inhibitor of the promoter of gene anti-CRISPR, which exists in many phages. Without the inhibition activity of Aca1, phages will die, it is of vital importance to find an inhibitor of Aca1. In part BBa_K3423005, Aca1 is constitutively expressed by theT7 promoter, which will subsequently inhibit the anti-CRISPR promoter, so the gene expression downstream anti-CRISPR will be inhibited until aneffective Aca1 inhibitor is added artificially. Without the inhibition from Aca1, the expression of genes downstream anti-CRISPR promoters will increase significantly. Here, the gene codes green fluorescent protein is inserted downstream anti-CRISPR promoter, and thus the efficiency of the candidate compounds can be tested. Here, we are going to find an effective inhibitor of Aca1 in vivo.
The Basis of Anticancer Immunity Mechanism Induced by In Situ Vaccination
Authors: Proskurina Anastasia S. , Ruzanova Vera S. , Tyrinova Tamara V. , Strunkin Dmitry N. , Kirikovich Svetlana S. , Ritter Genrikh S. , Efremov Yaroslav R. , Bogachev Sergey S.
Published: October 2020

The present review is an attempt to characterize the principles of both onset and development of the systemic antitumor immune response triggered by in situ vaccination, which is a new trend in anticancer immunotherapy. Modern methods of cancer immunotherapy usually require the presence of a specific target antigen. The in situ vaccination approach does not need a specific antigen. The determinants necessary for the formation of the immune response are all present at the vaccination site, as tumor cells are lysed by cells of innate immunity, infiltrating the tumor and activated by the treatments. The first part of the review is a compilation of the literature data on causes, circumstances, and factors determining the presence in the local tumor node of the totality of tumor antigens essential for the development of the adaptive antitumor immune response. The second part of the review analyzes possible events of antitumor immune response development due to in situ vaccination using ligand-receptor interaction and antigen-presenting cells activation, based on the data structuring performed previously
Oculomotor Activity During Reading in Elementary School-Aged Students with Different Cognitive Skills
Authors: Budenkova Ekaterina А.
Published: October 2020

Eye movements provide relevant information about the functional state of some cognitive functions. The connection between eye movements and cognitive processes is based on the anatomical and functional overlap of structures controlling them in different parts of the brain. Various human activities, including reading, are associated with eye movements. Reading skills include two components: reading technique (a motor component) and reading comprehension (a cognitive component). Monitoring and interpretation of oculomotor response is a useful tool for studying the reading process. The present study characterizes saccadic and fixation eye-movement components in 7-8 year-old elementary school students that showed poor reading comprehension. The students were divided into three groups based on answer quality: giving no answer, giving a wrong answer, and coping with the task only with a prompt. The groups were found to differ in the amplitude, velocity, and deceleration of pro- and regressive saccades and the average duration of fixations per word. Thus, eye-movement parameters can be used to characterize the groups of schoolchildren that experience difficulty in reading comprehension or in formulating an answer to a semantic question. The present study contributes insight into various cognitive reading strategies and can be useful for creating personal learning paths for elementary school students to master reading skills, which are important for social success
Potenziale von PROFIenergy in der Prozessindustrie
Authors: Niemann Karl-Heinz , Würger Andreas
Published: October 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt Einsatzpotenziale des Energiemanagementprofils PROFIenergy in der Prozessindustrie. Der Blick auf den Status von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen in der Prozessindustrie zeigt, dass diese im Wesentlichen innerhalbder verfahrenstechnischen Optimierung angesiedelt sind. Noch hat sich der durchgängige Einsatz von technischen Energiemanagementsystemen (tEnMS) nicht etabliert. Diese Arbeit fokussiert Vorteile des tEnMS-Einsatzes und präsentiert „Best Practice“-Beispiele in der Prozessindustrie. Abschließend wird aufgezeigt, welches Potenzial das  Energiemanagementprofil PROFIenergyliefern kann und welche Anwendungsfälle sich damit abdecken lassen.
A study on Ethical leadership perceptions and its impact on teachers commitment in Pakistan
Authors: Sabir Sara
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe primary objective of this research article is to study the concept of ethical leadership by determining the perceptions of school teachers regarding ethical leadership behaviors of the school leaders and establishing its relation with teacher’s commitment. In addition, this study tests the validity of ELQ survey instrument in educational sector of Pakistan. The research has collected data from a random sample of schools in the two largest districts of Punjab in Pakistan. The empirical study is based on primary data collected from 320 teachers and the results of this study reveal that the teachers perceived their leaders to be moderately ethical and a significant positive relationship existed between the two. Also, age and gender of employees did not affect the ethical leadership behaviors, however seniority of the employee had an impact on the ethical leadership behavior perceptions. Also, Ethical leadership was also found to positively impact on the two out of four dimensions of the teacher commitment, which are commitment to teaching and commitment to profession. This study adds contribution to theory by investigating the relationship between ethical leadership behaviors and the organizational commitment by conceptualizing it as teacher commitment. The practical implication of this study is that effective ethical leadership behavior that drives employee commitment need to be fostered in organizations to drive efficient performance.
On the question of servants in psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Morozov M. S.
Published: October 2020

You can, of course, if you wish, you can bring a lot of facts testifying to the ill-treatment of the servants with the sick, but it is quite enough for us and this. If we add to the facts of rude treatment and beatings, there are still a lot of facts of poor performance of their duties, omissions, oversights, etc., then, of course, the unsatisfactory quality of the attitude of the servants in our psychiatric institutions will become obvious. If we pay attention to the numerical attitude of the servants to the sick in our hospitals and compare our Russian digital data with those in German hospitals, we will get an extra indication that the servants in our psychiatric hospitals are bad. According to the table I cite now, you see that in most of the named in it (in 17 out of 27) Russian hospitals the prevailing ratio is from 5 to 61/2 patients per servant, then there is a ratio of 4-41/2 patients per servant; the ratio of 7, 8, 9 patients to one servant is met literally in isolated cases.
Dr. A. Mercier. Sections from the central nervous system. -Translated from French. N. Vyrubova, with a preface by prof. V. M. Bekhterev. Published by K. L. Rikker. SPb. 1897. Price 1 r. 40 k
Authors: Vorotynskiy B.
Published: October 2020

The translation of Dr. Mercier's book is fully justified by the absence in Russian of such a manual, which is devoted to a detailed description of the complex microscopic technique in the study of the central nervous system. Such an essay, in which the most detailed information is collected and all the necessary indications related to the study of the nervous system are collected, seems to be very useful to have at hand for everyone involved in the microscopic anatomy of the brain, and for those who are just starting out, all such guidance is directly necessary, since they details concerning microscopic techniques, from the description and application of the related instruments to the manufacture and processing of the medium. If we keep in mind some of the important features of microscopic technique in the study of the central nervous system and if we take into account all the difficulty and complexity of this study, then it will become even more clear how such a guide is necessary for beginners.
Secretory nerves of the prostate
Authors: Mislavsky N. , Borman V.
Published: October 2020

That the separation of the prostatae is a permanent constituent of the sperm is a fact accepted by all; but the innervation of this gland is almost not affected by the researchers. The only indication on the participation of nerves in the process of separation we find in two memoirs of Eckhard, who observed the discharge of a certain amount of prostate juice into the urethra during irritation n. n. erigentes in dogs. This separation was suppressed only at the beginning of irritation of the nerves, and Eckhard came to the conclusion that erigens is not a separate nerve for the gland in the full sense of the word, but empties the already formed secret, acting on the musculature of the gland. Eckhard, however, managed to obtain a significant amount of secretion by direct irritation of the gland itself. The collected secret had a neutral reaction, a specific gravity of 1.012 and a solid residue of 2.5%, of which about 1% was proteins.
Further research in the area of the central endings of the X-th pair of cranial nerves
Authors: Osipov V. P.
Published: October 2020

In 1896, I published the research of the central endings of the vagus nerve. Continuing with the study in the indicated direction, I received, in addition to confirming the results of the first study, some results that were not devoid of interest; These results were not new for me, because on the microscopic preparations that served as materials for the first work, there are corresponding changes in the area of ​​the central endings of the vagus nerve; on the contrary, further research was undertaken by me with the aim of checking the constancy of some changes in the medulla oblongata, advancing every step of the way behind the overwhelming vagus nerves. Thus, the present work is, as it were, an addition to the first one, containing the results of research that were not included in the first work.
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the imperial Kazan University. Protocol of the meeting of the Society on December 14, 1897
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: October 2020

It was chaired by prof. H. M. Popov, with secretary M. M. Maevsky; honorary members were present: K. A. Arnshtein, I. M. Dogel; active members: prof. N. A. Mislavskiy, V. I. Levchatkin, I. I. Naumov, P. S. Skuridin, B. I. Vorotynskiy, V. V. Nikolaev and a significant number of the public.
About the influence of thyroidectomy on the growth and development of the bone and nervous system in young animals
Authors: Akopenko A. F.
Published: October 2020

The multifaceted and dark question of the function of the thyroid gland is extremely important, since it is associated with very many serious issues from various areas of medical science. By the way, in the last time, the question of trophic influences of the thyroid glands is increasingly emerging, the question of whether the proper nutrition and development of tissues can depend on the function of the gland. It would be extremely interesting and important to solve this question, since in the direct connection with him there is the question of the immediate ethology of cretinism. Many observations (Virchow, Kocher, Bruns, Grundier, etc.) confirm the existence of a relationship between the action of the gland and the correct nutrition and development of tissues, therefore it would be important to establish this relationship not by an observational, but by a purely experimental way: that is, to put the animal in observed by observers conditions (loss of function of the gland) and see if we get the described phenomena (trophic disorders). With this goal in the course of 1896, in the laboratory of the highly respected Professor V.M. Bekhterev, I undertook a number of experiments aimed at finding out the influence of the function of the thyroid gland on the development of growing animal tissues of the body, mainly bone and nervous, as the most interested in the manifestations of cretinism.
Syringomielia. Morvan's type
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: October 2020

The patient, whom I have chosen as the subject of our today's discussion, immediately stops attention on herself by her external appearance. You see a 1012 year old girl, not very tall, thin; Apparently, there are still no traces of the era of formation on her, and between the dark of our patient she is 20 years old and she has been married for quite a long time. Such a discrepancy between external appearance and age even more catches the eye with detailed examination, which showed that the mammary glands are completely childish, the external genital organs are poorly developed, not covered with vegetation, the sleeve is barely passable for the finger, the uterus is childish.
Syringomyelia et pachymeningitis spinalis hypertrophica
Authors: Поповъ H. M.
Published: October 2020

One of my recent lectures was devoted to Morvan's disease and I had the opportunity to acquaint you with the main features of modern scholarship about syringomyelia and the scope of its relationship to both the symptom complex described by Morvan, and leprosy. Today I have in mind to introduce you to a patient whose study will allow me to substantially supplement my presentation.
Clinical Assessment of Gastrointestinal Involvement in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Kaniecki Timothy , Abdi Tsion , McMahan Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2020

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that negatively impacts the function of the skin and internal organs. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most commonly affected internal organ in SSc, though GI complications may also arise indirectly when infections occur in the setting of immunosuppression or concurrent disease processes arise for which patients with SSc are found to be at higher risk. In this review, we provide a systematic approach for the clinical assessment of GI complications in SSc from the oropharynx to the anorectum to guide both general internists and rheumatologists caring for this complex patient population. It is organized so that each component of the luminal GI tract has its own specified section, beginning with a review of a clinical approach to diagnosis, followed by a more detailed discussion of the literature surrounding approaches for an objective GI evaluation. A focused discussion early in the manuscript addressing what is known about pathogenesis, and later about in the manuscript about the assessment for GI bleeding are also included.