bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli in West Bengal: active surveillance of uropathogenicity, ESBL, MDR and XDR
Authors: Das Payel , Ghorai Tamal , Shaw Kartik , Mazumder Sahana
Published: December 2024

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) induced extraintestinal disorders that dramatically raise morbidity and mortality rates. Treatment ineffectiveness resulted from the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), extensive-drug resistance (XDR), and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). This study in West Bengal, India, explored the prevalence of uropathogenic, ESBL, MDR, and XDR E. coli strains.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Examining 77 clinical isolates from diverse regions of West Bengal, the research identified ESBL, AmpC, metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), MDR, and XRD production through phenotypic methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: Disc agar diffusion (DAD) test detected 84.4% as ESBL producers, with 31.19% AmpC, 6.49% MBL, and 12.98% carbapenem-resistant isolates. 87.01% and 2.95% isolates were suspected to be MDR and XDR. The presence of specific 16S rRNA identifies all isolates as E. coli. Confirmation via PCR revealed ESBL genes in 92.2% of isolates, predominantly blaCTX-M (75.3%), blaTEM (62.3%), and blaSHV (22.1%). Uropathogenicity was confirmed in 80.5% of isolates, all of which co-occurred with ESBL genes.
Conclusions: The study underscores the common occurrence of uropathogenic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli in tertiary care settings, emphasizing the need for robust antimicrobial stewardship and strict infection control practices to address the proliferation of drug-resistant pathogens.
Patterns of sexually transmitted infections: a hospital based cross sectional study
Authors: Mohankar Atul Dilip , Swain Jyoti Prakash
Published: December 2024

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a significant public health problem in developing countries like India, which ultimately increases the risk of developing HIV. Understanding the current patterns of STIs in our region of Chhattisgarh state is crucial for implementing strategies to control the spread of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of STIs and the associated predisposing factors over the past three years.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2023. A detailed history, clinical examinations, and investigations were performed at CIMS Bilaspur. Diagnoses were made using the syndromic approach, and the data was analyzed for the study.
Results: Of the 3495 cases, 2122 (60.71%) were females, and 1373 (39.29%) were males. Vaginal discharge syndrome was the most common STI. There were 48 (1.37%) newly diagnosed HIV cases.
Conclusions: The incidence of STIs is higher among the study population, which will increase the risk of HIV transmission henceforth it is important to investigate and manage the sexually transmitted infections.
Prevalence of anemia and factors affecting anemia among adolescent girls under field practice area of rural health training centre of western Maharashtra
Authors: Sonawane Sangeeta V. , Todkar Sampatti S. , Mulaje Sanjay
Published: December 2024

Background: India has the largest adolescents population in the world, 253 million, nearly 23 percent of India’s population. Adolescents anemia is severe public health problem in India, 59.1% by NFHS.  As adolescent age is formative years for development, anemia at this stage of life has some long-term consequences, as maternal and foetal deaths.
Methods: It was observational cross sectional study under field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of Western Maharashtra. 350 adolescent girls were interviewed using predesigned, pretested questionnaire and their anemic status was assessed by hemoglobin estimation. Results were analyzed with the help of Microsoft Excel.
Results: The prevalence of anemia in this study was found to be 64.8%. The prevalence of mild and moderate anemia among study participants was 29.4 and 35.4%, respectively. Mean age of study participants was 14.8±2.36 years. The majority 68.57% of girls were Hindu by religion and nuclear family (43.42%). Most of the girls belonged to socioeconomic class III (30%) followed by class IV (21%). A significant association was found between the prevalence of anemia with, educational status of mother, and status of attainment of menarche with excessive bleeding and not receiving iron folic acid tablets and girls had history of worm infestation (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was very high, as compared to 59.1% by NFHS-5, which was higher in lower socio-economic strata and among those whose mothers were less educated and who attained menarche with excessive bleeding and not receiving iron folic acid tablets with history of worm infestation.
A community based cross-sectional study on compliance and barriers of iron and folic acid consumption among postnatal mothers of 0-6 weeks in an urban area from central India
Authors: P. Thungamithirai , Dhoble Manjusha A. , W. Narlawar Uday , S. R. Shilpa , Bembade Shubhangi S. , P. Ajaya Krishnan
Published: December 2024

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is becoming prevalent in postpartum women who are not aware about the importance of iron and folic acid (IFA) consumption. There might be many barriers which ultimately result in noncompliance. Thus, this study aimed in assessing compliance and barriers of IFA consumption among postnatal women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 175 postnatal mothers in an urban area from Nagpur. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the compliance and barriers to IFA consumption. Adherence level was assessed using the Morisky medication adherence scale.
Results: The study found that 71% of the study participants were compliant to IFA consumption. Among the non-adherent participants, the main barrier found was the knowledge barrier and the prevailing side effects. According to the Morisky medication adherence scale, the majority exhibited a strong adherence.
Conclusions: About three fourth of the participants were compliant to IFA consumption. Compliance was found significant among those who were primigravida, higher monthly income, received health education regarding IFA and intake of IFA during ANC period. Considering the barriers observed in the study the major recommendation will be to improve the palatability and enhance the health education.
Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with reproductive health outcomes in women beedi rollers exposed to unburnt tobacco dust
Authors: Racharla Spandhana , Sultana Shehnaz , Reddy P. P.
Published: December 2024

Background: Beedi rolling, a labour-intensive activity mainly done by women in India, exposes workers to tobacco dust, leading to various health issues. This study examines the prevalence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and their association with reproductive health in beedi rollers.
Methods: The study comprises 500 women beedi rollers (BR) and 500 non-beedi rollers (NBR). A face-to-face interview was conducted with them to collect information on the reproductive outcome. GSTM1/T1 polymorphisms were studied using polymerase chain reaction. Tobacco exposure was estimated by serum nicotine metabolite levels through LC-MS.
Results: There is a significant increase in reproductive complications in the BR group compared to the NBR. Null genotypes of both genes were significantly high in the BR group. Nicotine metabolite levels were significantly elevated in the BR group compared to NBR. Increased incidences of miscarriages and oligomenorrhea were significantly associated with the null genotypes of both genes.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that genetic predisposition, combined with tobacco exposure, enhances health risks.
Morbidity pattern and nutritional status of Anganwadi students in a selected gram-panchayat in Tripura, India
Authors: Das Dipak Kumar , Ladku Jadav Vishal
Published: December 2024

Background: Early childhood care and development (ECCD) was a critical foundation for overall growth and development, not only of children but society on the whole which has severely neglected in India. According to NFHS almost half of all children under three were underweight. Prevalence of acute illness at the household level in Tripura was 12%. It is needed to draw the attention of people towards the person possessing nutrition and morbidity. The objectives of this study is to assess the nutritional status, prevalence of major morbidities and examine the impact of socio-demographic factors on nutritional status and morbidities in a block under study in Tripura.
Methods: In 2023 after receiving approval from KJSCE, IGNOU study centre, Mumbai, selected anganwadi students of Mechuria gram-panchayat of Tripura state were surveyed. We utilised Univariate, Bivariate and chi-square methods for this study.
Results: In Mechuria gram-panchayat 21% anganwadi students were underweight, 10% were obese and 57% Anganwadi students were suffered from acute illness. Common cold was 70% which was the highest prevalence. Major health problems were decreased with increasing parent’s age and their education and also raise this health problem with increasing age of Anganwadi teachers and helpers. It may be due to overburden of their other responsibilities.
Conclusions: Common cold, underweight and obese were the major health problem and government hospital played the main role in providing treatment facility in this village.  Limitation of this study included that this study based on self-reporting.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice related to oral health among undergraduate Ayurvedic students in Davangere city: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yavagal Puja C. , H. S. Mahalaxmi , B. Sapna , Maruthi Sushma G. , D. N. Vinitha , Paramashetti Sneha
Published: December 2024

Background: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to oral health among undergraduate Ayurvedic students in Davangere city.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted involving 584 Ayurvedic undergraduate students from three Ayurvedic colleges in Davangere city. A 25-item pre-validated questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to oral health. Responses to knowledge scores were assigned weights and summed up to obtain total knowledge scores which ranged between 0-23, and categorized as good (0-7.6), fair (7.7-15.2), and poor (15.3-23). Statistical analyses: Responses were expressed in percentages. Man-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis ANOVA, and Pearson’s/Spearman correlation tests were used for data analysis by setting the significance level at p<0.05.
Results: The response rate was 83.4%. The mean age of study participants was 21.30±1.62 years. The majority were females (67%). The mean knowledge score was 12.9±3.37 which reflected fair oral health-related knowledge which on comparison was similar across different sex (p=0.14) and year of study (p=0.82). There was no correlation between knowledge scores and age (r=0.14, p=0.74) or sex (r=0.06, p=0.14). The majority (>90%) felt the need for collaboration with dentists and up gradation of the oral health care section in the Ayurvedic curriculum.
Conclusions: The knowledge, attitude, and practices related to oral health care was fair among Ayurvedic students in Davangere city.
A cross-sectional study on the impact of mobile medical units on hypertension awareness and management in rural Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand
Authors: Mahanta Banoj Kumar , Sameni Narayan Rao , Sinha Sudeep , Sharma Retisha , Pandey Surabhi , Jha Sagar Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background: In India, the shift from communicable to non-communicable diseases such as hypertension is significant. Mobile medical units (MMUs) are among the new initiatives to improve hypertension treatment coverage in rural areas across many countries. The Hans Foundation has implemented Mobile Medical Unit intervention for over a year in the rural areas of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the factors affecting hypertension and to evaluate awareness, attitudes, and practices among rural communities, highlighting the effectiveness of MMUs.
Methods: In total, 418 randomly selected participants were recruited for this study. The respondents were adults (aged 18+ years) diagnosed with hypertension (systolic BP≥130 and/or diastolic BP≥90), on medication, and enrolled for over three months in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Structured/semi-structured questionnaires were used in beneficiary interviews, key informant interviews (KIIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs) to examine the demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors influencing hypertension awareness and MMU effectiveness in the intervention areas.
Results: The study findings revealed a high awareness of hypertension risk factors, with stress being the most recognized (95%) and family history (46%). 54% of the study respondents lacked formal education, and respondents included homemakers (25%) and farmers (17%). Females demonstrated significantly higher awareness of alcohol consumption as a risk factor (64%, p<0.033) and unanimously believed in regular BP monitoring (p<0.004) for hypertension management compared to males.
Conclusions: The study emphasized the substantial impact of MMU on health outcomes and accessibility. Participants expressed high satisfaction with MMU services, highlighting their perceived effectiveness of healthcare delivery.
A review on the role of urinary biomarkers in predicting renal recovery post-sepsis
Authors: Abed Alharbi Samar , Alzahrani Abdulrahman Hussain , Alahmari Ahmed Saeed , Ayyashi Saud Mohammed , Aljeffry Alaa Omar , Alqarni Abdullah Hussain , Babkair Lujain Salim , Alnasheet Mohammed Malek , Altarish Saad Mohammed , Alharbi Meshari Nawaf
Published: December 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI), which is commonly caused by sepsis and contributes significantly to worldwide mortality, may affect patient outcomes and increase the risk of chronic disease. This review examines how urinary biomarkers can forecast renal recovery following sepsis. Conventional AKI diagnostics, like serum creatinine, suffer from delayed detection and poor specificity. Newer urinary biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), show potential for earlier detection and improved prognosis. NGAL, noted for its sensitivity to nephrotoxic and ischemic insults, shows potential in predicting AKI onset and recovery. Similarly, cfDNA levels, reflecting systemic cell death, correlate with sepsis severity and renal outcomes. Despite their promise, variability in biomarker levels due to comorbidities and the need for standardized diagnostic thresholds remain challenges. Combining multiple biomarkers may enhance diagnostic accuracy, offering a more comprehensive assessment of kidney function and sepsis-induced AKI (S-AKI). Further research is needed to validate these biomarkers and integrate them into clinical practice for improving patient outcomes post-sepsis.
The role of gabapentin in reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption
Authors: Jamal Sulimani Rami , Alharbi Meshal Saud , Sulayman Mohammad Laith , Khars Hussain Sameer Al , Alhusainan Abdullah Omar , Alzahrani Sultan Mohammed , Alharthi Waleed Jarallah , Saleh Yousif Abdullatif Al , Alzahrani Adel Saud , Alshehri Abdullatif Saleh
Published: December 2024

Effective postoperative pain management is essential for improving patient comfort, preventing complications like chronic pain, and reducing recovery times and hospital stays. Gabapentin, originally developed as an anticonvulsant, has gained attention for its potential role in managing postoperative pain and reducing opioid consumption. This literature review explores the effectiveness of gabapentin in various surgical contexts, focusing on its mechanism of action, safety profile, and impact on postoperative pain and opioid usage. Key findings from detailed trials indicate that gabapentin can effectively reduce pain scores and opioid consumption, particularly within the first 24 hours post-surgery. Studies in breast cancer surgery, spinal surgery, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and arthroscopic procedures highlight its varying degrees of efficacy. While gabapentin consistently demonstrates opioid-sparing benefits and a favorable safety profile, its impact on pain reduction can differ based on the type of surgery. The review underscores the importance of tailoring gabapentin use to specific surgical and patient contexts for optimal outcomes. Continued research is recommended to refine dosage strategies and expand its application in multimodal pain management protocols.
Surgical management of Paget’s disease of the breast: an update on treatment strategies
Authors: Abdullah Almottowa Hisham , Wahhas Adian Abdulrahman , Marhoon Hasan Mohamed , Alfajri Ahmad Abdrabalamier , Maashi Afnan Mousa , Justanieah Ragheed Ahmad , Alkooheji Ahmed Hasan , Alkhambashi Aseel Saba , Babour Razan Rafat , Alsharif Abdulaziz Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Paget’s disease of the breast, or mammary Paget’s disease (MPD), is a rare and often misdiagnosed form of breast cancer, typically presenting as eczematous or ulcerative lesions on the nipple-areola complex. Occurring in about 1-3% of all breast malignancies, MPD is frequently associated with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma, necessitating a high degree of clinical vigilance for early diagnosis and treatment. Traditionally, surgical excision has been the cornerstone of treatment, with mastectomy serving as the standard approach. However, advances in imaging and surgical techniques have introduced breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and oncoplastic methods as viable alternatives, particularly for cases with localized disease. This review explores current surgical strategies for MPD, discussing indications, outcomes, and aesthetic considerations for mastectomy and BCS, as well as the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in cases involving invasive carcinoma. In addition to surgical management, adjuvant therapies, including radiation and systemic treatments, are reviewed to highlight their role in reducing recurrence and enhancing patient survival. Emerging treatments such as cryoablation, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and immunotherapy are discussed for their potential as adjuncts or alternatives to traditional surgery. Future research in the genetic and molecular profiling of MPD may provide new pathways for targeted therapies, ultimately advancing patient care and outcomes.
The impact of lifestyle modifications on disease progression in patients with lupus
Authors: Ghazi Taju Khalid , Aloufi Abdulmohsen Saleh , Alsehlawi Qassim Nabeel , Alahmadi Raneem Yousef , Alsubaie Sarah Sami , Alamri Nasser Omar , Qasem Mohammed Hamed , Alharbi Ahmed Abdullah , Alsayed Ibtisam Ibrahim , Alhindi Mohannad Yousuf
Published: December 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a complex pathogenesis influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This narrative review explores the impact of lifestyle modifications on SLE progression, focusing on diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Evidence highlights the benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D optimization, and calorie restriction (CR) in reducing inflammation and disease activity, while excessive n-6 PUFA intake worsens outcomes. Regular physical exercise improves fatigue, cardiovascular fitness, and psychological well-being, whereas smoking and UVR exposure are consistently associated with heightened disease activity and organ damage. The effects of alcohol and caffeine are less clear, with moderate alcohol intake showing potential protective effects and caffeine yielding inconclusive results. This review underscores the importance of lifestyle modifications as integral to SLE management, complementing pharmacological therapies to improve quality of life and long-term outcomes.
Nutritional deficiencies and their role in endodontic disease susceptibility and recovery
Authors: A. Abdulwahab Maha , Alqurashi Basil K. , Albaqawi Faisal K. , Al-Harbi Khalid L. , Alshurtan Hala S. , Alqahtani Fatimah K. , Kazim Sawsan J. , Shafloot Rawan S. , Alshamrani Abdullah H. , Alsaran Ali S. , Alzaher Kuthar H.
Published: December 2024

Endodontic diseases, characterized by inflammation and infection of the dental pulp and periapical tissues, are influenced not only by microbial factors but also by systemic nutritional deficiencies. Essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals are critical for maintaining the structural integrity and immune functions of dentin and pulp tissues. Deficiencies in key vitamins like D, C, and A, as well as minerals like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc, impair tissue repair, reduce resilience to infections, and delay recovery from endodontic treatments. Vitamin D supports immune modulation and calcium metabolism, while vitamin C promotes collagen synthesis and antioxidant protection. Deficiencies in these nutrients exacerbate pulpal and periapical tissue damage, increasing susceptibility to microbial invasion. Minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are vital for hydroxyapatite formation, ensuring dentin strength and repair. Magnesium and zinc contribute to enzymatic processes, anti-inflammatory responses, and tissue regeneration, playing pivotal roles in dental recovery. Dietary interventions, including the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics, enhance oral health by reducing inflammation, promoting microbial balance, and improving nutrient availability. Foods like citrus fruits, fatty fish, and fermented products strengthen the body’s defenses against endodontic infections and support healing. The interplay between nutrition and endodontic health highlights the need for an integrative approach that considers systemic factors, dietary patterns, and targeted supplementation. Addressing nutritional deficiencies improves treatment outcomes, accelerates recovery, and enhances the resilience of dental tissues. By combining clinical care with personalized nutritional strategies, the burden of endodontic diseases can be significantly reduced, promoting optimal oral health and systemic well-being. This comprehensive understanding underscores the importance of incorporating nutrition into dental practice and public health initiatives.
Nutritional deficiencies and their impact on gum health
Authors: Jar Alabbas A. , Alghoraibi Muwffak G. , Mahjoub Waleed K. , Almajed Abdulrhman A. , Alghadyan Abdulrahman K. , Marwan Abdullah H. B.
Published: December 2024

Nutritional deficiencies and dietary patterns play a significant role in maintaining periodontal health and preventing gum disease. Essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins are crucial for preserving the structural integrity of gingival tissues, supporting immune responses, and promoting tissue repair. Deficiencies in key vitamins, including vitamin C and vitamin D, contribute to weakened collagen synthesis, impaired wound healing, and increased inflammation, which exacerbate periodontal tissue breakdown. Mineral imbalances, particularly in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc, disrupt bone metabolism, cellular repair, and immune defenses, further compounding periodontal risks. Protein deficiency impairs collagen production, keratinocyte function, and cytokine activity, leading to compromised epithelial barriers, chronic inflammation, and delayed tissue repair. Dietary habits also influence periodontal health. Diets high in processed foods and sugars promote bacterial biofilm formation and inflammation, while nutrient-rich diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, provide antioxidants and bioflavonoids that counteract oxidative stress and enhance tissue resilience. Frequent snacking, alcohol consumption, and inconsistent meal patterns exacerbate periodontal risks by altering the oral microbiome and increasing inflammatory markers. Emerging evidence suggests that interventions focusing on balanced nutrition, targeted supplementation, and modified dietary practices can mitigate the impact of these deficiencies on periodontal health. Understanding these connections highlights the importance of integrating nutritional strategies into periodontal care to reduce disease burden and improve clinical outcomes.
Infant mortality rate in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Uttar Pradesh: a comparative analysis using national family health survey 2019-21 data
Authors: Hanupriyan V. , Valarmathi S. , Sundar Jasmine S. , Kalpana S. , Paul A. Arul , Nazarali B. , Srinivas G.
Published: December 2024

The mortality rate is regarded as a state’s health indicator, as it focuses on health policy for a limited group of the population rather than on rest. The purpose of this review is to gain a deeper understanding of child health indicators, specifically the infant mortality rate (IMR), by comparing a high-performing state like Kerala and a low-performing state like Uttar Pradesh with Tamil Nadu, using NFHS-5 data. The study uses publicly available data from NFHS-5, conducted between 2019 and 2021 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, involving secondary analysis without human involvement or ethical committee approval. According to the NITI Aayog Health Index Score, among the larger states Kerala (82.20), Tamil Nadu (72.42) and Uttar Pradesh (30.57). The study found that women without schooling and those from Scheduled Castes/tribes had higher infant mortality rates (IMR) in rural areas and among Hindus in Uttar Pradesh and Kerala. Male children had higher mortality rates in Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh, while birth intervals of less than 2 years and 2-3 years had higher IMR in Kerala. Tamil Nadu and Kerala outperform Uttar Pradesh in reducing infant mortality rates due to welfare schemes and services. Increased public health spending is needed to address social inequalities and health awareness.
Maternal health situation in two states of central India: a comparative analysis
Authors: Soni Vaishali
Published: December 2024

The health of women during their pregnancies, deliveries, and postpartum periods is referred to as maternal health. Madhya Pradesh (MP) and Chhattisgarh (CG) are included in the National Rural Health Mission's "Empowered Action Group" states due to their poorer maternal health indicators. The main purpose of the study is to compare the "Maternal Health" indicators presented in the factsheets of the National Family Health Survey-4 and -5 for two major states of India: Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. The fact sheets of the National Family Health Survey for Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh were obtained from reliable sources. The study compared the maternal health data extracted from the "NFHS-4" and "NFHS-5" fact sheets of these states to assess the state of maternal health. According to NFHS-5, it is evident that maternal health in the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh has not yet met the expected goals. However, when comparing NFHS-5 with NFHS-4, the maternal health indicators have shown improvement. The provision of antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for safe motherhood, and pregnant women are routinely given tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccinations and iron-folic acid (IFA) pills as part of comprehensive maternal care. Institutional care is essential to ensure that mothers remain healthy and survive childbirth. Despite these efforts, neither state has performed well in neonatal care during the first two days after birth. Compared to Madhya Pradesh's performance, Chhattisgarh's performance is relatively better. Action is needed to address the increasing number of caesarean section deliveries in private hospitals. The study presents the maternal health indicators for two major states of India. The data indicates that immediate improvements are necessary to enhance maternal health services in India.
Modeling the aerodynamic performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) propellers with multifidelity method
Authors: Ünsal Hakan , Düzgün Mesut
Published: December 2024

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) based method is discussed to determine the aerodynamic performance of propellers used for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Here, wind tunnel test data was used to obtain data for propellers without test data. First, wind tunnel test data was converted to a specific format using Python and modeling was done using ANN. With this modeling process, it was seen how close the model obtained with artificial neural networks produced results to the data obtained from wind tunnel tests. This study allows for more precise analysis of the aerodynamic performance of UAV propellers and optimization of their design. This approach provided a very accurate modeling of the aerodynamic performance of UAV propellers and took an important step towards determining the performance of propellers without wind tunnel test data. The obtained data constitutes a valuable resource for optimizing the design and performance of UAVs.
Comparative conflict analysis of human-driven and autonomous vehicles at signalized intersections
Authors: Albdairi Mustafa , Almusawi Ali , Qadri Syed Shah Sultan Mohiuddin
Published: December 2024

Integrating autonomous vehicles (AVs) into urban traffic systems presents both opportunities and challenges, especially at signalized intersections. This study offers a comparative conflict analysis of human-driven vehicles and AVs at a busy four-legged signalized intersection in Balgat, Ankara, Turkey. Using PTV VISSIM for detailed traffic simulation, the research assesses the effects of various AV driving styles - cautious, normal, aggressive, and a mix of all three - at different penetration rates (25% to 100%), alongside standard human-driven vehicle scenarios. The Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) is employed to analyze safety implications both before and after intersection design calibration. The findings demonstrate notable differences in conflict points between human-driven and AV scenarios. Before calibration, cautious AV behaviors result in higher conflict points due to increased queuing, while aggressive behaviors reduce conflicts through more efficient traffic flow. Human-driven vehicles exhibit varied conflict levels based on driver behavior. After calibration, significant improvements are observed across all scenarios, with aggressive AVs achieving the greatest reduction in conflict points. This study highlights the potential for AVs to improve intersection safety and efficiency when appropriate design calibration measures are implemented.
Investigation of the role of methane injection timing and pressure on engine performance, emissions and environmental impact in a diesel engine
Authors: Gülcan Halil Erdi
Published: December 2024

Methane diesel dual-fuel engines are gaining increasing interest because they offer lower emissions and higher efficiency compared to conventional single-diesel fuel engines. However, due to the low combustion efficiency and combustion stability of the methane-diesel dual-fuel application, there are still unresolved issues that need to be addressed. In this study, the effects of methane gas injection timing and pressure on engine performance and exhaust emissions are investigated in order to overcome problems related to the application of methane gas in dual-fuel engines. Additionally, the environmental and economic impacts of the exhaust emissions resulting from combustion are analyzed. The study is conducted with 5 different methane gas injection timings (25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 degrees after TDC) and 4 different methane gas injection pressures (1 bar, 1.5 bar, 2 bar, and 2.5 bar). In the experiments, the engine torque (5 Nm) and operating speed (1850 1/min) are kept constant. The results show that increasing the methane gas injection pressure (GIP) from 1 bar to 2.5 bar and delaying the methane gas injection timing (GIT) from 25° aTDC to 65° aTDC leads to an average reduction of 8.5% in SFC values and a 4% increase in thermal efficiency compared to diesel operation. Similarly, increasing GIP and delaying GIT results in an average reduction of 46% in NO emissions and an average reduction of 48% in soot emissions.
Forums de communautés de fans et pseudos-experts le verbe « relire » comme marque de délimitation semantique
Authors: Cusimano Christophe
Published: December 2024

Le verbe « relire » en français signifie toujours « lire encore une fois », soit pour le plaisir, soit dans l’optique de vérifier ou corriger un écrit. Mais cette double définition est trop rudimentaire. Il est important d’observer quand, comment et pourquoi les locuteurs utilisent ce verbe. Dans cet article, nous voulons montrer que son emploi, sous certaines conditions morphosyntaxiques, herméneutiques et énonciatives, fonctionne comme un marqueur de délimitation du statut de pseudo-expert. À ces fins, nous avons constitué un corpus à partir de forums de discussion en ligne francophones dans le contexte de la sortie récente des séries Fondation (2021) et Les Anneaux de pouvoir (2022), toutes deux inspirées d'œuvres littéraires. Nous avons adopté une approche micro-sémantique basée sur la sémantique interprétative. Sans négliger la typologie des actes de langage ni une approche purement grammaticale, cette étude propose avant tout une analyse sémantique de ce corpus.
Limites et délimitations des mots-valises dans la composition par amalgame
Authors: Mudrochová Radka
Published: December 2024

Cet article propose un aperçu sur la problématique des mots-valises, des formes lexicales qui combinent phonétiquement et sémantiquement au moins deux mots pour créer un nouveau terme. Initialement, l’accent est mis sur la diversité terminologique et les limites de ces procédés. Cette première partie vise à clarifier la définition du mot-valise dans l’ensemble des procédés amalgamatifs, en analysant les critères de leur formation et les contraintes de leur définition, souvent centrées sur la troncation ou la modification phonétique. Dans la seconde partie, un corpus spécifique de mots-valises sélectionnés à partir du Wiktionnaire est présenté. Ce corpus illustre leur représentation et leur traitement dans les dictionnaires de langue générale et sert de base à une analyse quantitative. Le contexte de leur utilisation ainsi que leur intégration lexicographique sont également pris en considération.
Leadership and Social Harmony
Authors: Ries Dyah Fitriyah
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to explore the role of local leaders in fostering social harmony within conflict-prone coastal Muslim communities, primarily composed of fishermen. The focus is on how local leaders promote social harmony while navigating the challenges, priorities, and opportunities they face. It is essential to consider the diverse nature of these communities. Although they may appear united due to their shared livelihood, the realities are often more complex, featuring intricate social dynamics, power structures, and competing interests. The research was conducted in Kalirejo Village, located in the Kraton District of Pasuruan. This location was chosen due to its history of significant conflict dynamics; however, the community is currently peaceful, largely owing to the diligent efforts of local leaders in promoting peace. This study employs qualitative research methods, utilizing data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that local leaders have implemented four key strategies to promote social harmony in coastal Muslim communities. First, they have engaged in mediation and negotiation efforts. Second, they actively appeal to the community to prevent further conflict during events. Third, they serve as guarantors for individuals involved in conflicts before legal proceedings. Lastly, they organize activities that involve both parties, such as Friday Tours and grand religious studies.
State legal regulation and patient autonomy in the field of reproductive health
Authors: Blikhar M.M. , Lychenko I.О. , Oliinyk Y.S. , Shchyrba M.Y. , Shulhan I.I.
Published: December 2024

Background. The article analyses the interaction between the state’s mandatory regulation of the human right to reproductive health and its coordination with the patient’s autonomous will. The main emphasis is placed on the latest reproductive procedures and methods and possible problems in their implementation in relation to human autonomy are pointed out. Objective of the study: to find the optimal combination of state, public and private legal interests in the exercise of the right to reproductive health and to establish the legal nature of patient autonomy in this area. Materials and methods. A comprehensive methodological approach was used, including a combination of legal, medical knowledge and cultural and ethical norms of society. The humanistic method was used to establish the priority of human rights and will in the regulation of reproductive rights, and the method of gender analysis was used to understand the differences in the level of autonomy of women and men in reproductive medicine. The empirical method was used in the author’s survey of 402 women in the Republic of Poland and Ukraine on their personal and state legal attitudes to reproductive health. Results. Two approaches to state regulation of reproductive autonomy are envisaged: the first one limits legal regulation and state intervention, giving priority to individual autonomy, the second one indicates a legitimate broad, but legitimate possibility of interfering with the patient’s autonomous decision in the field of reproductive health. The author distinguishes legitimate groups of restrictive legal phenomena in the field of the right to exercise the human reproductive function: general legal restrictions and special restrictions relating exclusively to the human right to reproduction. Conclusions. It is need to update national legislation by specifying clearer medical protocols regarding the number of embryos during embryo transfer and their dependence on the patient’s age. The author identifies the newest possibilities of gene editing as an ethical and medical problem and proves the public fear in this area, which requires additional legal regulation.
Persistence of antiphospholipid antibodies, features of pregnancy management
Authors: Kalugina L.V. , Rodionova I.O. , Mnevets R.O. , Yusko T.I. , Shuldiakova Y.I.
Published: December 2024

Since antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare condition, it is often overlooked by clinicians. At the same time, APS is one of the causes of serious obstetric complications, including early pregnancy loss and preterm birth.This clinical case describes the course of pregnancy by trimesters, labor, and postpartum period in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus associated with APS, highlighting the management of pregnancy, labor, and postpartum care.A 31-year-old woman was hospitalized at 4 weeks of pregnancy with a threatened miscarriage. This was her third pregnancy. The first and second pregnancies ended in early miscarriage. She has a family history of thrombosis: her father died from pulmonary artery thrombembolism at 49 years old, paternal relatives had thrombosis, and her maternal grandfather died from a stroke. The patient’s personal medical history is not complicated by thrombosis.After excluding inherited thrombophilia, clinical and laboratory tests revealed the antiphospholipid antibodies (anti-β2-glycoprotein 1, anticardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant) and an elevated titer of antinuclear antibodies (ENA screening, anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies). The patient was given combined antithrombotic therapy with aspirin and enoxaparin, combined with hydroxychloroquine. At 37 weeks, woman delivered a baby per vias naturalis without any complications during labor or the postpartum period.Conclusions. Considering that APS is a common cause of pregnancy loss, this pathology requires proper attention from clinicians. The diagnosis and management of this thrombophilia are further complicated by the lack of an accepted standard for the care of such patients in Ukraine. Additionally, the existing APS criteria do not cover all patients who face difficulties in carrying a pregnancy due to the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. This creates difficulties in recognizing these women, leaving them without appropriate treatment.
Long-term Results of Topical Insulin Treatment for Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects
Authors: Almeida Júlio , Costa Tomás , Vivas Maria , Monteiro Catarina , T. Vaz Fernando , Silva Diana , Vendrell Cristina , Prieto Isabel
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of topical insulin in patients with persistent corneal epithelial defects that are refractory to the standard treatment. Methods: A retrospective, hospital-based, clinical study was performed on 17 eyes of 16 patients with different types of refractory persistent epithelial defects who were treated with topical insulin. The treatment was continued until the defect either was resolved or persisted after three months. Patients’ demographic information, etiology, comorbidities, and clinical data were reviewed. The rate of epithelial healing was considered as the primary outcome measure. Results: Neurotrophic keratitis was the most common cause of persistent epithelial defects (58.8%), and within this category, herpetic eye disease was the main comorbidity (44.4%). The mean follow-up time was 17.91 months. Eleven out of fifteen eyes (77.3%) had complete improvement and only one patient did not respond to the treatment. The mean time of reepithelization for the eyes with full recovery was 31.27 days (ranging from 6 to 61 days). The best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly after treatment (P < 0.005), and there were no reports of complications or side effects during the study period. Conclusion: Our results suggest that topical insulin, due to its good safety profile, availability, and affordability, could be a good therapeutic alternative for persistent epithelial defects.
Choroidal and Retinal OCTA Parameters after Scleral Buckling
Authors: Moradian Siamak , Dehghan Mahmoud , Borandeh Seifi Morteza , Dastmardi Mohsen , Suri Fatemeh
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal structure and vasculature in eyes following scleral buckling (SB) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) compared with fellow eyes and control eyes. Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed on 84 eyes: 32 eyes in the study group consisting of patients who had undergone SB due to RRD, 32 fellow eyes of the same patients, and 20 normal control eyes. Choroidal structures and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters were measured and compared among the three study groups. Results: In the study group, the mean total choroidal area (0.6816 ± 0.03188 mm2) was comparable to the fellow eyes (0.7199 ± 0.03056 mm2) and the control group (0.7154 ± 0.17160 mm2). Mean outer luminal area was significantly lower in the study group (0.4089 ± 0.00442 mm2) than in the fellow eyes (0.4437 ± 0.00701 mm2) and the control group (0.4475 ± 0.00442 mm2) (P = 0.042, and 0.047, respectively). The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and OCTA parameters were not significantly different in eyes with prior SB compared to the fellow eyes and the control group. Conclusion: SB does not significantly affect CVI, choroidal vasculature, and OCTA parameters.
Factors Associated with Poor Asthma Control among Sudanese Patients Attending Atbara Teaching Hospital in Sudan
Authors: Aladdin Hadeel Kareem , Noor Sufian Khalid Mohammed , Farah Amro Mohamed Fagir , Bushara Sara Elamin
Published: December 2024

Objective: To identify factors associated with poor bronchial asthma control in patients attending Atbara Teaching Hospital, Sudan, in 2020. Methods: This was an analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at the Atbara Teaching Hospital in River Nile State, Sudan, between February and June 2020. All patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma who were attending any hospital department were included. Results: In total, 292 patients were enrolled, 51.4% were aged 18–45 years and 51.4% were female. The most frequent complaints were an audible wheeze and shortness of breath (approximately 93%), and 49% had been diagnosed with asthma >10 years previously. Of the patients, 42% were admitted 1 to 3 times and 47.3% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Hospital admission was associated with improper inhaler use (P = 0.003), the presence of triggers at home or work (P = 0.003), and passive smoking (P = 0.016). ICU admission was associated with female sex (P = 0.039) and the presence of triggers at home or work (P = 0.026). Conclusion: Asthma is a major problem in Atbara City. Improper inhaler use, the presence of triggers at home or work, and passive smoking were significantly associated with hospital admission. Female sex and the presence of triggers at home or work were significantly associated with ICU admission.
Adapted Guidelines for Malaria Case Management in Sudan
Authors: Elhassan Samah , Mohamed Sahar Khalid , Alnaeem Khlood Fathi Hassan , Noureddin Ahmed Abdulgadir , Abass Samah Kamaleldeen Bakrri , Saad Fadwa Mohamed , Advisory Committee Technical
Published: December 2024

Background: Malaria is a major public health hazard in Sudan. The latest update to the malaria diagnosis and treatment protocol in Sudan was in 2017, after which multiple developments in the global guidelines for malaria case management have taken place. Sudan’s Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) has updated its malaria case management policy to guide healthcare workers in making informed decisions about malaria diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Methods: The National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) selected a multidisciplinary Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) balanced to bring together diverse expertise. The committee convened with the NMCP writing team to propose, discuss, and approve updates to the malaria case management protocol. Protocol updates were prioritized based on the guidelines’ efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Results: The management guidelines for severe malaria were updated so that parenteral artesunate is the first-line treatment, with parenteral quinine reserved as second-line therapy. Other updates include the adoption of oral artemetherlumefantrine (AL) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy. The 2023 protocol upheld the 2017 treatment guidelines for uncomplicated malaria in other groups, including children, adults, and pregnant women in their second and third trimesters, with AL as the first-line treatment and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHAP) as the second-line treatment. Conclusion: Key changes in the 2023 protocol include updates to the treatment guidelines for severe malaria in all patient groups and uncomplicated malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy. Future adjustments to the malaria protocol will take place in accordance with changes in the local context of Sudan as well as global malaria guidelines.
Meningiomatosis Restricted to the Left Cerebral Hemisphere Presenting with Frontal Lobe Seizure: A Short Communication
Authors: Ayele Biniyam A. , Dagnachew Hilina , Nimani Meskerem , Hirbu Jarsso Tadesse
Published: December 2024

Seizures are a common clinical feature of benign intracranial brain tumors such as meningioma. Although seizures are cortical phenomena that typically originate from lesions affecting cortical neurons, meningiomas, which arise from the meningeal lining, can still induce seizures due to their proximity to the cerebral cortex. However, the relationship between multiple meningiomas and frontal lobe seizures remains underexplored. We present the case of a 42-year-old woman without neurofibromatosis who experienced global headaches and nocturnal motor seizure involving the right hemi body, associated with loss of consciousness. The motor fits frequently occur at night. Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) and electroencephalograph (EEG) show multiple meningioma and left frontal epileptogenic focus, respectively. The patient was managed conservatively with anticonvulsant.