bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BLOOD LIPIDS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: Leren Paul , Haabrekke Olav
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The study reports cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose values in 420 coronary heart disease patients, aged 30–64. Patients on lipid lowering diet or drugs, or being in a state, as well as having diseases, known to influence lipid levels, were excluded. The percentage distribution of Fredrickson lipoprotein types was as follows. Type Normal: 25.5–37.8–54.0. Type II: 59.0–46.7–30.5. Type IV: 11.7%. Unclassified: 3.8% independent of upper normal cholesterol limit. The figures refer to a setting of upper normal cholesterol limit of 275, 300 and 325 mg/ 100 ml, respectively. Overweight was more common in Type IV than in Type Normal and Type II.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES BY SERUM ENZYME ANALYSES
Authors: Konttinen Aarne , Hupli Veikko , Salmenkivi Kari
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Serum guanase has been observed to rise sensitively in hepatitis but was a quite insensitive indicator of extrahepatic jaundice and liver cirrhosis. Thus serum guanase determination, despite its relative specificity for liver damage, appears not to be sensitive enough for an indicator test of liver disease. In respect to sensitivity the serum γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GT) test was observed to fulfil best the expectations also in anicteric patients, and was elevated particularly in extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Serum ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT) activity was observed to rise in hepatitis and in extrahepatic jaundice. Because of its specificity for liver tissue, OCT is the most certain test for detection of liver damage. The differentiation of hepatocellular jaundice from extrahepatic obstruction was noted to be best achieved by means of the serum guanase and alkaline phosphatase ratio. This still leads in about 10% to a misleading diagnosis in the differentiation of these clinical states.
IRON STORAGE IN ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER
Authors: Lundin Per , Lundvall Ove , Weinfeld Aleksander
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Liver storage iron and its relationship to the degree of steatosis have been studied in 52 male alcoholics without cirrhosis of the liver. A control series of 20 hematologically normal males with uncomplicated gall bladder disease was also studied. The amount of storage iron was determined histochemically and chemically. Chemical iron was related to dry weight and to alkali‐soluble protein. The degree of steatosis was determined by planimetric estimation of the amount of visible fat. The mean chemically determined liver iron concentration calculated on dry weight was significantly lower in alcoholics as compared with controls. With protein as a base of reference the mean iron concentration of alcoholics was lower than that of controls but not significantly so. The liver iron concentration was unrelated to the degree of steatosis. Histochemically visible iron was found in parenchymal liver cells approximately in the same frequency in alcoholics as in controls. The amount of histochemical iron in liver parenchymal cells was unrelated to the degree of steatosis. Histochemical iron in Kupffer cells was, however, significantly more frequent in alcoholics as compared to controls. There was more histochemically visible iron in Kupffer cells of livers with marked steatosis. It is concluded that noncirrhotic alcoholics consuming mainly distilled spirits do not show any increase of the total liver iron content irrespective of the degree of fatty liver. The increased occurrence of histiocytic hemosiderin in the alcoholics is suggested to be due to transfer of iron from injured parenchymal cells.
HEMOLYSIS IN MITRAL VALVULAR DISEASE AND MITRAL BALL VALVE PROSTHESES
Authors: Myhre Erik , Dale Jon
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The degree of hemolysis has been evaluated in a series of 51 non‐selected patients with mitral valvular disease and 21 cases with prosthetic mitral valves; the findings were compared to the findings in 97 patients with aortic valvular disease and 56 with aortic ball valves. The destruction of red blood cells was predicted from the serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase. The frequency and the degree of hemolysis were found to be quite similar in patients with lesions of the aortic and mitral valves. As previously shown in patients with aortic ball valves, the degree of hemolysis was highly dependent on the type of prosthesis inserted, whereas paravalvular leakage seemed to be less important. Our findings suggest that the direct traumatic effect of the prosthesis on the erythrocytes has a greater significance for hemolysis than the turbulence of the blood stream.
TREATMENT OF SEVERE HYPERTENSION WITH CATAPRES® (St 155)
Authors: Becker‐Christensen F. , Bang H. O. , Ditzel J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.A comparative study of the effect of Catapres® (clonidine BAN) and methyldopa has been carried out in 23 patients suffering from severe hypertension (WHO Stage III). Each patient was observed for a period of 5 months, during the course of which the following parameters were investigated: blood pressure in supine and erect position, renal function (51Cr‐EDTA and125Ihippuran clearance), liver function, serum electrolytes, ECG, and ophthalmoscopy. Furthermore the side effects have been recorded. No significant differences in the effect of the two drugs were noted concerning blood pressure, renal function and the other parameters mentioned. Methyldopa presented a higher frequency of severe side effects than did Catapres.
PAROXYSMAL VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA WITHOUT ORGANIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Orinius E. , Wahren J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. This case report presents a 27‐year‐old man with paroxysmal tachycardia, which could not be provoked by a submaximal but only by a maximal exercise test. The provoked tachycardia was diagnosed as ventricular on the basis of fusion beats. During a follow‐up period of 5 years the patient has not had any more attacks of dizziness or syncope, and he still is without signs of organic heart disease.
DISSEMINATED TUBERCULOSIS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Beermann Björn , Engström Jörgen , Hellström Kjell , Holm Göran , Lönnqvist Berit
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Three elderly patients admitted to hospital because of suspected malignancy have been diagnosed as disseminated tuberculosis during life. Classical features of disseminated tuberculosis such as miliary mottlings on the chest roentgenogram and choroidal tuberculosis were absent in two of the patients. The difficulties hindering the establishment of the diagnosis of “cryptic” disseminated tuberculosis are emphasized by the patient records. Response to treatment with isoniazide and para‐amino‐salicylic acid is in some cases the only evidence of tuberculosis. Moreover, the early institution of such therapy when other evidence of tuberculosis is lacking may cure the disease before it enters an irreversible state, and is strongly recommended.
SERIAL OBSERVATIONS ON LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Heikkilä Juhani , Luomanmäki Kimmo , Pyörälä Kalevi
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The occurrence and significance of various signs of left heart pump failure have been studied serially in 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after the onset of symptoms. The clinical severity of AMI, the findings on cardiac palpation and auscultation, the electro‐, phono‐, and kinetocardiographic findings and the radiological signs of left ventricular failure were evaluated. Evidence of left ventricular dysfunction was observed in all patients: atrial gallop in 100% (audible in 82%), a high a wave kinetocardiographically in 92%, ventricular gallop in 90% (audible in 80%), papillary muscle dysfunction in 58%, ventricular asynergy kinetocardiographically in 100% (a palpable paradoxical pulsation in 86%), pulmonary rales in 70%, pulmonary vascular congestion in serial X‐rays in 98%, and enlargement of the heart in 42%. These signs developed during the first days, also in patients with normal‐sized hearts, and persisted in the majority. Because of their high prevalence, auscultatory and phonocardiographic signs of myocardial dysfunction and, similarly, ventricular asynergy as demonstrated by palpation and kinetocardiography, if assessed cross‐sectionally, were not useful in assessing the hemodynamic severity of AMI or its prognosis. However, serial studies indicated that changes in the clinical course of AMI are accompanied by parallel changes in the clinical signs of left ventricular dysfunction. Radiological signs of pulmonary vascular congestion and electrocardiographic signs of left atrial overloading are valuable in the assessment of the clinical severity and course of AMI.
SOME BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PURIFIED SULFATION FACTOR (SF) FROM HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Hall Kerstin , Uthne Knut
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The sulfation factor (SF) was purified from human plasma. This factor also stimulates the uptake and conversion of glucose‐1‐14C to 14CO2 in rat epididymal fat tissue after addition of insulin antibodies to the incubation medium (so‐called nonsuppressible insulin‐like activity, ILA). During purification of plasma SF it was not possible to separate nonsuppressible ILA from SF activity, one unit of SF corresponding to about 200 U of nonsuppressible ILA. This finding indicates that SF activity and nonsuppressible ILA are inherent in the same molecule. Human growth hormone was shown to induce the occurrence of SF activity in a crude microsomal fraction from rat liver.
THE EFFECT OF FUROSEMIDE ON THE FUNCTION OF NORMAL AND DISEASED KIDNEYS IN PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Ofstad J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In nine patients with unilateral pyelonephritis the renal function has been measured by the split function technique before and after the i.v. injection of furosemide. Before the injection the excretion fraction of sodium and chloride as well as the diuresis, the osmotic clearance and the free water clearance per unit of glomerular filtrate were greatest, and the urinary concentration of inulin was least, in the pyelonephritic kidneys. After the injection of furosemide these differences were no longer significant. When related to the osmotic clearance, the free water clearance was reduced in all kidneys after the injection. The findings are compatible with the presence of a functioning loop of Henle in most nephrons of the pyelonephritic kidneys.
FIBRINEMIA IN MEDICAL PATIENTS SCREENED BY THE ETHANOL TEST
Authors: Kierulf Peter , Godal Hans Christian
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Thrombin generation leads to the formation of soluble fibrin in plasma. Such plasmas are gelled by ethanol at room temperature. This ethanol test has been performed on 948 consecutive patients admitted to our Department of Internal Medicine, 108 (11.4%) demonstrating gelation of plasma. Re‐examination of the positives lowered this incidence to 7.2%. Thus fibrinemia was not rare among these patients. Plasmas from 275 healthy controls, and serum from the patients, were uniformly negative. Using the main diagnosis at discharge, there was a highly significant difference (p<0.0005) in the disease pattern of the patients having a positive and those having a negative test. A preponderance of malignant neoplasms, pneumonia, and diseases of the blood, and blood‐vessels, including pulmonary embolism, was found among the patients with positive test. A highly significant increase in number of deaths (p<0.0005) was found among patients with a positive ethanol test. Thus low grade intravascular coagulation may contribute to a fatal outcome.
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF TOLAZOLINE
Authors: Abrahamsen Arne M. , Grendahl Helge , Müller Carsten
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Right and left heart catheterization has been carried out before and after injection of tolazoline in 5 normal subjects and in 32 patients with mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 20 mmHg or more. A solution of tolazoline, 1 mg/kg b.wt., was injected during one minute in the pulmonary artery. In the patients an increase in oxygen consumption and a reduction in the arteriovenous oxygen difference was observed. Both changes were significant. Consequently cardiac index increased significantly. There was a significant rise of the heart rate. The mean pressure of the pulmonary artery and in the pulmonary wedged position revealed almost no change. The systolic systemic pressure initially fell slightly, but after ten minutes values at original level were recorded. Systemic arteriolar resistance was significantly reduced. In the normal subjects principally the same changes were observed. It is concluded that tolazoline usually is ineffective as a drug in reducing pulmonary arterial pressure in pulmonary hypertension.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH A SWEDISH FACTOR IX CONCENTRATE
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Ahlberg Åke , Björlin Gunnar
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A factor IX concentrate, prepared by modifications of the method of Tullis and with the supernatant of fraction 1‐0 as a base material, has become available in Sweden. The factor IX activity of the concentrate is about 20 times that of an equivalent volume of normal plasma. The factor IX concentrate, altogether 226 bottles, has been given to 18 patients with haemophilia B in connection with major and minor surgical procedures (7 patients) and bleeding episodes such as joint bleeding, renal bleeding and large haematomas. After injection abnormal bleeding was arrested and the surgical procedures could be performed without any haemorrhagic complications. The factor IX activity in vivo ranged from 16 to 69% (average 38%) of the in vitro activity of the concentrates administered. The half‐life of the injected factor IX was about 20 hours. A dose of 10–16 units per kg b.wt. is recommended for raising the factor IX level to 16–20% and a dose of 30–40 units per kg b.wt. for raising it to at least 40%. Four patients developed hepatitis, but otherwise no side‐reactions were seen.
STUDIES IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Mabeck C. E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In a follow‐up study of 214 women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection, recurrent infection occurred more frequently among those infected with sulfona‐mide‐resistant strains on admission than among patients infected with sensitive organisms. The recurrence rate after infections due to sulfonamide‐resistant organisms was nearly the same in sulfonamide‐treated patients as in those treated with antibiotics in accordance with the susceptibility test. Therefore, a positive correlation between bacterial sensitivity and outcome of therapy may not be a simple relationship between susceptibility of the infecting organism and the antimicrobial effect on the bacteria. The outcome of treatment is, however, difficult to evaluate due to a high rate of spontaneous remission in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Increased frequency of sulfonamide‐resistant strains in recurrences after sulfonamide therapy was restricted to reinfections which occurred within two months after treatment. Thereafter and in recrudescence no influence of sulfonamide therapy on the prevalence of sulfonamide‐resistant strains could be demonstrated in comparison with antibiotictreated patients.
STUDIES IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Mabeck C. E. , Ørskov F. , Ørskov I.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A different prevalence of the most common E. coli O groups in primary and recurrent urinary tract infections has been reported. In the present study 219 non‐pregnant women with bacteriuria were followed up regularly in the Out‐patient Clinic after treatment. Two hundred and fifity‐five cases of reinfection were detected. Seventy‐seven per cent of the infections on admission were due to E. coli. as compared to 78% in reinfections. The proportion of infections due to the most prevalent O groups, 02, 04, 06, 075, was considerably higher on admission (56%) than in the reinfections (34%). This was due to some extent to exclusion of cases of recurrence with organisms identical to those found in the preceding infection. However, the main reason was a decrease in the prevalence of one serotype, E. coli 02:H4, during the observation period. This was probably caused by changes in the flora from which the urinary tract is infected.
RESPIRATOR TREATMENT IN COMPLICATED CASES OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Löfström B. , Orinius E. , Wester P. O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Thirteen patients with acute myocardial infarction have been treated during 1968 in a respirator in the intensive care unit at Serafimerlasarettet. Eight of these patients had been transferred from the coronary care unit. The indications for respirator care in the coronary care unit have been frank pulmonary oedema not responding to conventional treatment or marked persistent arterial hypoxia. The usefulness of respirator treatment on these indications is discussed having regard to the fact that none of the patients survived.
EFFECTS OF AN ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT ON PLASMA LIPIDS, PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS, THE INTRAVENOUS FAT TOLERANCE AND THE POST‐HEPARIN LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY
Authors: Rössner S. , Larsson‐Cohn U. , Carlson L. A. , Boberg J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentration, the intravenous fat tolerance and the post‐heparin lipolytic activity have been studied in 12 healthy young women before and after two months' treatment with a combined oral contraceptive agent. The fasting level of triglycerides increased about 200% and the plasma cholesterol increased 10–20%. The very low density lipoprotein fraction showed a proportionate increase of triglycerides, cholesterol and phospolipids. The amounts of triglycerides of the low and high density lipoprotein families increased both absolutely and relatively and the per cent amount of cholesterol was decreased. The fasting level of free fatty acids was unchanged and the post‐heparin lipolytic activity decreased. The intravenous fat tolerance was unaffected by the treatment. It was suggested that this indicated that the hypertriglyceridemia was due to increased turnover of plasma triglycerides presumedly caused by a raised hepatic secretion. The combined treatment was immediately followed by a period when only the gestagenic component of the drug was given. During this medication the triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased but remained elevated for at least four and six weeks respectively. This suggests that it was mostly the estro‐genic part of the combined drug that was responsible for the alterations of the lipid levels and that such changes do not disappear immediately after cessation of the estrogen administration.
TIME COURSE FOR THE CHANGE IN HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION WITH CHANGE IN POSTURE
Authors: Ekelund L.‐G. , Eklund B. , Kaijser L.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Hemoglobin concentration has been determined at short intervals in eighteen healthy volunteers when changing from upright to recumbent position. The average maximal decrease, 5% of the initial hemoglobin concentration, was completed in 20 min.
ANEMIA IN UREMIA
Authors: Eklund S.‐G. , Johansson S. V. , Strandberg O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. One hundred and thirty‐eight patients with renal insufficiency of varying degree have been studied with respect to anemia and signs of hemolysis. A control material is included in the study. 1) The patient group displayed a normochromic anemia with only a slightly subnormal mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. 2) A moderately elevated reticulocyte count together with a tendency to elevated endogenous carbon monoxide production indicated a certain degree of hemolysis in the uremic patient group compared with the controls. Patients with chronic pyelonephritis and active urinary infection displayed an elevated reticulocyte count (p < 0.001) and lower haptoglobin values (0.05 > p > 0.01) than non‐infected uremic patients. Thus we consider these infections to be a hemolysis‐promoting factor in patients with renal insufficiency. 3) In men there was a positive correlation between the concentrations of serum creatinine versus serum iron concentration and the saturation percentage of the total iron binding capacity. In the light of cited iron kinetic data, we consider this correlation an indicator of depressed erythropoiesis. 4) A selected group of severely ill uremic patients were studied with respect to their erythrocyte life span by the bilirubin turnover method. As a group, they displayed a shortened erythrocyte life span in comparison with an earlier published control group.
DIAGNOSIS OF SECONDARY GENERALIZED AMYLOIDOSIS BY FINE NEEDLE BIOPSY OF THE SKIN
Authors: Westermark Per , Stenkvist Björn
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A complementary method (fine needle biopsy) for the diagnosis of generalized amyloidosis is suggested, based on the experience of one case and six healthy control subjects.
METFORMIN ADMINISTRATION IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC STATES
Authors: Gustafson Anders , Björntorp Per , Fahlén Martin
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Twenty‐three hyperlipidemic subjects, characterized by their lipoprotein electrophoresis patterns, were given a biguanide, metformin, 1.5 g daily for a minimum of four months. On metformin the mean glucose fractional removal rate apparently increased in all types of hyperlipoproteinemia. Only in type IV hyperlipoprotein‐emia, however, was plasma insulin reduced. In patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, serum triglycerides were reduced on an average by 55 mg/100 ml, corresponding to a 26% reduction. In type IV hyperlipoproteinemia the size of the simultaneous serum cholesterol reduction indicates a preferential decrease in VLD lipoproteins (pre‐β‐lipoprotein), which was also confirmed by the disappearance of pre‐β‐lipoproteins on lipoprotein electrophoresis. A moderate and not significant reduction in weight (1.8 and 1.3 kg in types II B and IV respectively) does not appear to be a prerequisite for the reduction in serum triglycerides and pre‐β‐lipoproteins.
RESPIRATORY MECHANICS IN UNTREATED MYASTHENIA GRAVIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE RESPIRATORY FORCES
Authors: Ringqvist Ivar , Ringqvist Torsten
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The respiratory mechanics have been studied in nine patients with myasthenia gravis in the untreated state. Comparisons have been made with the findings in healthy controls. Although the patients mainly had moderate myasthenia gravis the maximum respiratory pressures as expressions of the respiratory muscle strength were significantly decreased. Vital capacity, functional residual capacity, total lung capacity and the dynamic lung volumes were also diminished. No mean changes in lung resistance or lung compliance were shown to exist in the group. The relative mean value of maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax) (the observed value in per cent of the predicted normal mean value) was lower than any other relative lung function variable. Thus the maximum inspiratory force (P1max), of paramount importance for the ventilatory capacity, was systematically less decreased than PEmax. Even after consideration of the effect of decreased respiratory muscle strength vital capacity, total lung capacity and functional residual capacity were still diminished. It is suggested that decreased physical activity might diminish these static lung volumes via a low thoracic compliance. The results also suggested another volume‐pressure relationship between vital capacity and P1max, as is found in control cases with normal muscular strength. Otherwise similar functional relationships were at hand. The decreased values of dynamic lung volumes in comparison with those predicted only from anthropometric variables could only be explained to a minor extent by the direct influence of decreased respiratory muscle strength. The differences were mainly mediated via changes in the vital capacity, which is dependent on the respiratory force available.
RENAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND MEDULLARY OXYGEN TENSION IN CHRONIC HYPOXIA IN MAN
Authors: Brodwall E. K. , Storstein O. , Skåland K. , Vinje Ø.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. This study was undertaken to elucidate the factors responsible for the renal lesion in congenital cyanotic heart diseases. Four patients with septal defects and four with Fallet's tetrad and renal involvement have been examined by right heart catheterization and reexamined by renal vein and kidney pelvic catheterization for determination of the renal functional and metabolic impairment simultaneously with oxygen tension measurement in pelvic urine. The renal involvement in these patients was not correlated to the degree of polycythemia. Pressure measurements in the right atrium contradict the hypothesis that the renal involvement is attributed to increased pressures on the right side of the heart. Studies of the renal oxygen extraction and renal oxygen consumption simultaneously with oxygen tension measurements in pelvic urine do not support the assumption that the renal lesion is due to the hypoxia per se. We assume that hemodynamic changes are the primary factors inducing the renal involvement in patients with congenital cyanotic heart diseases.
I. A proband material from central eastern Norway
Authors: LARSEN ROLF A.
Published: August 2010

A survey of SLE in an area from central eastern Norway is given, together with clinical and laboratory data on the 72 patients diagnosed as SLE in this area during the years 1959–1963. The main proportion of these cases would have been classified as definite SLE according to diagnostic criteria given in the literature. Annual incidence and prevalence rates were lower than rates presented from other countries. The frequency of various clinical manifestations is consistent with previous reports. The SLE patients were classified according to syndromes they exhibited during the active stages of their disease, and the manifestations in various syndromes were compared.

The SLE material serves as a proband material for family studies, and sub‐grouping of SLE cases is the basis for comparison of the findings in relatives of these various groups of SLE probands.
DRUG‐INDUCED AGRANULOCYTOSIS
Authors: Palva I. P. , Mustala O. O. , Salokannel S. J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract After 3 days of corticosteroid treatment and exclusion of the suspected drugs a remission took place in ten patients included in a series of 20 patients with drug‐induced agranulocytosis. In four other patients spontaneous remissions were observed 5 to 7 days after cessation of the suspected drugs. In three more patients the beginning of the remission occurred after 6 to 9 days of corticosteroid treatment, thus not earlier than the spontaneous remissions. The result suggests that corticoster‐oids may speed up the recovery from agranulocytosis. This favourable effect is probably limited to cases with an immunological type of agranulocytosis.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SERUM CHOLESTEROL ESTERS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND TRIGLYCERIDES IN SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Nitter‐Hauge Sigurd , Bjerkedal Inger
Published: August 2010

Abstract The concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in serum and the fatty acid composition of these lipid fractions have been examined in 11 patients with respiratory insufficiency and the results compared with those of 30 healthy subjects of the same age. Total and esterified cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. No significant differences were observed in triglycerides and phospholipids. In each lipid fraction linoleic acid percentages were significantly lower in the patients compared with the control group. The patients showed significantly higher percentages of oleic, palmitoleic and arachidonic acid in the cholesterol esters and phospholipids than the controls. Other differences between the two groups were of minor importance. The possible mechanisms for the variations in serum lipids in patients with respiratory insufficiency are discussed.
PLASMA LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN GREENLANDIC WEST COAST ESKIMOS
Authors: Bang H. O. , Dyerberg Jørn
Published: August 2010

Abstract The plasma lipid and lipoprotein pattern has been examined in 130 Greenlandic west coast Eskimos with a life pattern, and especially with dietary habits, rather close to those of original Eskimos and essentially different from those of West Europeans. The age groups of the persons examined were chosen so as to be comparable with the age groups in which ischaemic heart disease prevails in West Europeans. The results of determination of plasma lipid and lipoproteins in the 130 Greenlandic west coast Eskimos, 69 women and 61 men, were compared with those of a similar examination in Denmark, including 25 female Eskimos living in Denmark. Significantly lower concentrations of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, β‐lipoproteins and pre‐β‐lipoproteins were found in Eskimos compared with Danish controls. The study on the Eskimos living in Denmark revealed plasma lipid values significantly higher than in Eskimos in Greenland and equal to those of Danish controls. This points strongly against a genetic and towards an environmental cause of the low lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in Greenlandic Eskimos. As in other societies with low plasma lipid concentrations, coronary atherosclerosis is rare among Greenlandic Eskimos. The Eskimos have low plasma lipid concentrations in spite of a high dietary intake of fat. This could be explained by the special composition of the Eskimo diet, with low content of saturated and high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Besides coronary atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus is very rare among Eskimos. A correlation of this to the very low concentration of plasma triglycerides and pre‐β‐lipoproteins is tempting, but purely speculative.
PLASMA CORTICOSTEROIDS IN CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Asfeldt V. H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Circadian rhythm of plasma corticosteroids and the plasma corticosteroid response during both the 4‐hour ACTH test and the 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (1 mg‐DST) have been studied in seven cases of Cushing's syndrome. The early morning baseline values were normal in five out of seven, but elevated in all cases at 10 p.m. The plasma corticosteroid response during the ACTH test was increased in five cases (Morbus Cushing 3, adrenal adenoma 1, ectopic ACTH syndrome 1), normal in one (Morbus Cushing) and subnormal in one (adrenal carcinoma). In contrast to plasma corticosteroid values of less than 6.2 μg/100 ml during 1 mg‐DST in patients without Cushing's syndrome, no values lower than 8.4 μg/100 ml were obtained on 14 occasions in six cases of Cushing's syndrome. Despite sources of error these procedures, particularly the 1 mg‐DST, are valuable in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. A striking agreement between urinary excretion of 17‐KGS and plasma corticosteroids was obtained during the DST of Liddle. Greatly elevated baseline values of plasma corticosteroids and a subnormal response during the 4‐hour ACTH test suggest the presence of extra‐pituitary spontaneous Cushing's syndrome.
QUANTITATION OF RED CELL CARBONIC ANHYDRASES B AND C AND HEMOGLOBIN F IN THYROID DISORDERS
Authors: Nørgard‐Pedersen Bent , Lindholm Jørgen
Published: August 2010

Abstract Carbonic anhydrase (CA) B and C and hemoglobin F (Hb F) have been studied by immunoelectrophoresis in normal subjects, in patients with thyroid disorders and in women during pregnancy and treatment with oral contraceptives, altogether 93 individuals. A close negative correlation was found between the concentration of the erythrocyte CA B and the serum thyroxin concentration. In pregnancy and during contraceptive therapy, however, the CA B concentration was normal. CA C concentration was normal in all groups except in pregnant women, in whom a slight, but significant elevation of the mean concentration was observed. In thyroid dysfunction there was a significant alteration in the erythrocyte content of Hb F. The results—especially the value of CA B determination as a diagnostic tool—are discussed.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SECOND MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN G IN A PATIENT WITH LATE MANIFESTATION OF MYELOMA
Authors: Spengler G. A. , Steinberg A. G. , Skvaril F.
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn 1961 routine serum protein electrophoresis revealed the presence of monoclonal IgG in a patient who presented no clinical symptoms of myeloma. The paraprotein was of type G4/K. For five more years the patient remained in excellent general condition, and there was no change in the serum protein findings. In 1966 the occurrence of a second monoclonal γ‐globulin band was noticed in serum protein electrophoresis and the coexistence of two IgG paraproteins of types G4/K and G1/L was established. The serum titer for Gm(1) was 1: 8 192 as compared to a titer of 1: 64 in 1961. Titers for Gm(3) and Gm(5) had remained normal or low. In 1967 there was rapid development of polysymptomatic‐myeloma. Serum levels of myeloma protein increase. continuously and, in late 1969, the patient's serum was found to contain 6 400 mg% of none but G1/L type monoclonal IgG. There was no more evidence of G4/K paraprotein. The undiluted serum was negative for Gm(3) and Gm(5), but the Gm(1) titer had risen to 1: 32 768. At that time the patient's clinical condition had become critical. She suffered from multiple pathological fractures, developed anemia and antibody deficiency syndrome, and expired in spring 1970. After a 5‐year asymptomatic history of “benign” G4/K type paraproteinemia the occurrence of clinical myeloma together with a shift to G1/L type paraproteinemia is postulated to be a second disease due to proliferation of a second “malignant” plasma cell clone.
APLASTIC ANAEMIA
Authors: Böttiger L. E. , Westerholm B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Eighty patients with aplastic anaemia have been found among 1.2 mill. inhabitants in Sweden during the 5‐year period 1964–68, corresponding to an incidence of 13/1 mill. and year. Only 13 patients (16%) were alive 3–7 years after the initial symptoms, most patients dying after a comparatively short time (<2 y.). The aetiology in most patients remains unknown, more often so among older (81 %) than younger (38%) patients.
DRUG‐INDUCED AGRANULOCYTOSIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AMINOPHENAZONE
Authors: Kantero I. , Mustala O. O. , Palva I. P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Thirteen cases of agranulocytosis in children under 15 years have been diagnosed in Finland during 1966–67. This is an incidence of 1: 185 000. In children under 5 years the incidence was 1: 86 000. These frequencies correspond well with those for adults in Finland, but remarkably exceed estimates accepted in other countries. Twelve episodes occurring in ten patients were analysed in detail. The use of drugs suspected of causing agranulocytosis was found in ten episodes, aminophenazone and sulfonamides being the most common. The fatality rate was surprisingly high (50%), probably caused, at least in some cases, by administration of the causative drug after symptoms of agranulocytosis had appeared. Our results indicate that drug‐induced agranulocytosis is as common among children as among adults and, therefore, that the same or more caution should be applied to the administration of these suspected drugs to children as to adults.
THE LIPOPROTEIN PATTERN IN A DANISH FAMILY
Authors: Strunge Poul , Trostmann Aage F.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The lipoprotein pattern in 32 children and adolescents, aged 2–25 years, of a family having primary hyperlipoproteinaemia (Hlp), was studied on the basis of a clinical investigation and the criteria of Fredrickson et al. for biochemical studies of lipoproteins. The following distribution was found: type II 2 cases, type IV 2 cases, and 28 family members were assessed as normal. In spite of the biochemical findings in the children and adolescents having types II and IV pattern, none of them had clinical symptoms characteristic of Hlp. Lastly, the authors discuss the implications of the biochemical findings in the 28 children and adolescents who did indeed show a normal lipoprotein pattern, assessed by the reference criteria for adults, but in whom some values of the studied variables are at the upper limit of the reference range.
NORADRENALINE‐INDUCED LIPOLYSIS IN SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE TISSUE FROM HYPOTHYROID SUBJECTS
Authors: Rosenqvist Urban
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe lipolytic effect of noradrenaline in vitro is markedly reduced in subcutaneous adipose tissue from hypothyroid subjects. In earlier publications this was shown to be due to enhanced α‐adrenergic receptor responsiveness. In the present study this phenomenon has been further investigated in 84 subjects with regard to the degree of hypothyroidism, the duration of the disease and the age and weight of the subjects. It could be shown that the hypothyroid state was the most important factor in determining the noradrenaline response. The impaired noradrenaline response was evident already after 1–2 months of thyroid hormone deficiency and was normalized with substitution therapy.
IRON STORES IN NORMAL MEN AND MALE BLOOD DONORS
Authors: Olsson K. Sigvard
Published: August 2010

Abstract Iron stores available for hemoglobin synthesis have been determined in 11 male healthy volunteers and in 14 male blood donor volunteers by means of quantitative phlebotomy. The mobilizable iron stores in normal men averaged 750 mg with a range of 180–1 350 mg. The blood donors had significantly lower values with a mean of 110 mg and a range of 0–250 mg. The desferrioxamine (DF)‐induced urinary iron excretion was found to be closely related to the available iron stores. The DF test could separate groups with different size of the iron stores. In subjects with iron deficiency and anemia the DF‐induced urinary iron excretion was significantly lower than that of a group with depleted iron stores but no anemia. This indicates that DF derives a fraction of its iron from other sources than the iron stores. During reduction of the iron stores by phlebotomy there was a successive decrease in the urinary iron excretion induced by DF in most subjects studied. A diminution of the mean cell volume and Hb content of the red cells did not occur until the iron stores were almost depleted.
BLOOD DYSCRASIAS ATTRIBUTED TO CHLORAMPHENICOL
Authors: Polak B. C. P. , Wesseling H. , Schut Dien , Herxheimer A. , Meyler L.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Reports of 576 published and unpublished cases of blood dyscrasias attributed to chloramphenicol have been studied. Pancytopenia (aplastic anaemia) was the commonest type of dyscrasia, accounting for about 70% of the cases; hypoplastic anaemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia and bone marrow inhibition made up the remainder. Among the patients with pancytopenia the outcome was apparently unrelated to the dose of chloramphenicol taken. However, the longer the interval which elapsed between the last dose of chloramphenicol and the appearance of the first sign of the blood dyscrasia, the greater the mortality: nearly all patients in whom this interval was longer than two months died. The two sexes were approximately equally affected, and cases occurred at all ages. In most cases the condition for which chloramphenicol had been prescribed seemed not to justify its use.
INTRACTABLE PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA IN THYROTOXICOSIS SIMULATING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Lyngborg K. , Jacobsen Jørgen G.
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe case of a 59‐year‐old man, admitted to hospital because of precordial pain indicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is presented. ECG showed evidence of posterior wall infarction. The subsequent course was characterized by a variety of cardiac arrhythmias, notably atrial fibrillation, treated with digoxin and for a short time with a β‐blocking agent, and premature ventricular beats and short runs of ventricular tachycardia, treated with lidocain and procainamide. Transient bradycardia and A‐V dissociation caused the patient to be transferred to a coronary care unit to have a cardiac catheter inserted. Four weeks after the acute episode intractable ventricular tachycardia caused the patient's death. At autopsy no evidence of AMI was found. Thyroxin levels in the plasma, reported post mortem, were in the hyperthyroid range. In retrospect evidence of masked thyrotoxicosis could be discerned. The occurrence of angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation and other more unusual cardiac arrhythmias in thyrotoxicosis are discussed. No previous report of thyroid hormone‐induced fatal ventricular tachycardia appears to have been published. It is emphasized that the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis should be considered in all less characteristic cases of cardiac arrhythmia, despite the concomitant presence of cardiac pain suggesting myocardial infarction.
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, PLASMA INSULIN AND LIPIDS AND ON BODY COMPOSITION IN MEN AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Björntorp Per , Berchtold Peter , Grimby Gunnar , Lindholm Björn , Sanne Harald , Tibblin Gösta , Wilhelmsen Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract Every second of non‐selected men below the age of 55 years who had survived a myocardial infarction was placed in a group for physical training, while each other constituted a control. The physical training program was selected according to each patient's individual maximal working capacity and lasted for 9 months, beginning 3 months after the myocardial infarction. At the end of the training period the experimental group was subdivided into one group of adequately trained patients and one consisting of drop‐outs and patients with poor adherence. The patients who followed the program increased their physical work performance. In this group a decrease was found in plasma insulin values after a glucose tolerance test, a slight increase in glucose tolerance and a decrease in body fat and plasma triglycerides. Body cell mass and plasma cholesterol did not change. The men selected for the training program, but who were not able to follow it sufficiently, as well as the controls, showed a less marked decrease in plasma insulin values at reexamination.
ADDISON'S DISEASE IN A UNIVERSITY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT DURING 20 YEARS
Authors: Ask‐Upmark E. , Hull Russell
Published: August 2010

Abstract In the Medical Department of the University Hospital in Uppsala 26 instances of Addison's disease have been observed during the years 1949–68. The yearly intake of patients was some 3 000 with an upward trend. This material is briefly reviewed with regard to etiology and symptomatology.
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
Authors: Selroos Olof
Published: August 2010

Abstract A case of infectious mononucleosis with longstanding thrombocytopenia, not responsive to corticosteroid therapy, is presented. Rapid normalization of the platelet level was revealed by splenectomy. The patient is the fourth known case in which it has been necessary to perform splenectomy. A study made with 51Cr‐labelled homologous platelets showed a very short half‐life, along with a high spleen/liver ratio of the activity. These examinations have not previously been performed in this condition.
HUMAN PHARMACOKINETICS OF A SULFAMETHOXAZOLE‐TRIMETHOPRIM COMBINATION
Authors: Bergan Tom , Brodwall Erling K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the fixed chemotherapeutic combination of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) have been elucidated in 14 patients with different renal functions. The peak serum concentrations (cmax) after two tablets totalling 160 mg TMP and 800 mg SMZ in patients with creatinine clearances (Cer) above 60 ml/min were around 40 μg/ml for potentially antibacterial SMZ; the non‐active SMZ metabolites in addition contributed another 10 μg/ml. The TMP peak values averaged 1.4 μg/ml in serum. In patients with renal insufficiency the cmax was lower. Serum half‐life (t1/2) of active SMZ (SMZa) was 7 hours normally and only slightly changed with impaired kidney function. The t1/2 for total SMZ (SMZt) and TMP, however, normally 12 and 13 hours respectively, were increased in patients with reduced Ccr values. This increase was most marked for SMZt. The t1/2 of SMZt began to increase around Ccr=30 ml/min, t1/2 of TMP only at around 20 ml/min. In addition to similarities between SMZ and TMP excretion rates in normal persons, invasion phase kinetics of both compounds were of the same order. The distribution coefficient, however, was close to 2.0 for TMP, but only 0.2 for total and 0.3 for active SMZ. In patients with Ccr above 60 ml/min, 4–5.5 hour urine samples exhibited a mean SMZa concentration of 29.5 μg/ml and a TMP concentration of 78.4 μg/ml. There were approximately 15 times more non‐active SMZ metabolites than SMZa. All components appeared in lesser urine concentrations in renal insufficiency.
AVAILABILITY OF IRON DEXTRAN FOR HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS
Authors: Olsson K. Sigvard , Weinfeld Aleksander
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe availability of iron dextran for hemoglobin formation has been studied in six young, healthy male volunteers made anemic and iron depleted by repeated phlebotomy. A quantity of 1 850 mg iron dextran was infused calculated to restore not only the Hb deficit but also the iron stores. The rate of Hb production from iron dextran was highest during the first week following infusion and found to be of the same order as in a control group in six males receiving iron orally. However, from the second week on, there was a significantly slower Hb regeneration in the iron dextran group than in controls, indicating a restricted delivery of iron from the iron dextran complex to the erythroid marrow. Three to five months after infusion five of the subjects receiving iron dextran were subjected to a new series of phlebotomy in order to quantitate the availability of iron dextran stores for Hb synthesis. When approximately 70% of the calculated iron dextran store of 1 050 mg had been mobilized, an iron deficient erythropoiesis had developed. In this state characteristic residual iron deposits in bone marrow smears could be demonstrated in all subjects.
INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF SUCROSE
Authors: Dahlqvist Arne
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Sucrose in synthetized in the green leaves of plants. With increasing economical status the sucrose from sugar cane and beets, like fat, supplies an increasing fraction of our food. Sucrose is easily metabolized and utilized. Too high consumption is, however, not desirable from nutritional point of view, since this highly refined product contains calories but no essential nutrients.

The general concept is that animals (and humans) do not synthesize sucrose. A single report of a sucrose‐synthesizing patient needs confirmation from other sources before it can be accepted.

The intestinal absorption of sucrose can only occur if the hydrolyzing enzyme, invertase (sucrase), is present in the mucosal cells. Acid hydrolysis in the stomach has been suggested, but does not occur. The intestinal invertase is an a‐glucosidase.

In the human intestine invertase, as well as the other a‐glucosidases, is developed very early in fetal life — much earlier than lactase. In the animals studied so far, in contrast, intestinal invertase and other a‐glucosidases are weak until the weaning period, when lactase disappears and the a‐glucosidase develops. The reason for these species differences is yet unexplained.

Human populations with low sucrose consumption have approximately equally high intestinal invertase activity as those in countries with high sucrose consumption. In Greenland Eskimos the adults have for a very long period of time (probably thousands of years) consumed nearly no carbohydrates at all. The average intestinal activity of invertase and the other a‐glucosidases in the Greenland Eskimos is nevertheless nearly the same as ours. Specific enzyme defects, which among us occur only as very rare cases of «inborn errors of metabolism« are, however, rather frequent in the Greenland Eskimos.