bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Mini-Review on Transition Metal Oxides Applied for the Selective Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation (NH3-SCO)
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena , Mollá Robles Alejandro
Published: July 2022

The selective catalytic oxidation of NH3 (NH3-SCO) into N2 and H2O is an efficient technology for NH3 abatement in diesel vehicles. However, the catalysts dedicated to NH3-SCO are still under development. One of the groups of such catalysts constituted transition metal-based catalysts, including hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxides. This class of materials is characterized by tailored composition, homogenously dispersed mixed metal oxides, exhibiting high specific surface area and thermal stability. Thus, firstly, we give a short introduction to the structure and composition of hydrotalcite-like materials and their applications in NH3-SCO. Secondly, an overview of other transition metal-based catalysts reported in the literature is given, following a comparison of both groups. The challenges in NH3-SCO applications are provided, while the reaction mechanisms are discussed for particular systems.
Effect of Different Wax Pattern Manufacturing Techniques on the Marginal Fit of Lithium Disilicate Crowns
Authors: Alshehri Huda Ahmed , Altaweel Sara Mohammed , Alshaibani Raghdah , Alahmari Esraa Ahmed , Alotaibi Hanan Nejer , Alfouzan Afnan Fouzan , Labban Nawaf
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The present study evaluated the marginal gap of lithium disilicate crowns fabricated through three different wax pattern techniques; Conventional, Milling and 3D-printing. Materials and Methods: Thirty stone models were replicated from a stainless-steel model representing a prepared tooth; ten were sent to make conventional wax patterns while the remaining were sent to a digital dental scanner. The computer aided design was completed and STL (Standard Tessellation Language) files were sent to either milling or 3D-printing machines. All wax patterns (n = 30) were pressed, and a stabilizing instrument was used to secure the crowns on the master model. The marginal gap was measured at 18 points for each crown using a digital microscope (µm) (n = 540) and compared using One-way ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). Results: There was a significant difference in the marginal gap value between all three groups (p < 0.01) where the milled group showed the least mean gap (28.87 ± 30.18 µm), followed by 3D printed (47.85 ± 27.44 µm), while the highest mean marginal gap was found in the conventional group (63.49 ± 28.05 µm). Conclusion: Milled and 3D-printed wax patterns produced better fitting crowns compared to conventional techniques.
First-Principles Study on the Adsorption Characteristics of Corrosive Species on Passive Film TiO2 in a NaCl Solution Containing H2S and CO2
Authors: Dong Pan , Zhang Yanna , Zhu Shidong , Nie Zhen , Ma Haixia , Liu Qiang , Li Jinling
Published: July 2022

The adsorption characteristics of corrosive anions (Cl−, HS−, S2−, HCO3− and CO32−) on TiO2 of TC4 titanium alloy in a NaCl solution containing H2S and CO2 were studied by density functional theory (DFT). The stable adsorption configuration of each corrosive species on the TiO2 (110) surface was obtained by geometric optimization, and the electronic structure and interface binding energy were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the optimal adsorption positions of Cl−, HS−, S2−, HCO3− and CO32− on TiO2 (110) were all bridge positions. There was a strong charge interaction between the negatively charged Cl, S and O atoms in Cl−, HS−, S2−, HCO3− and CO32− and the positively charged Ti atoms of TiO2. The interface bonding was mainly caused by charge movement from around Ti atoms to around Cl, O, S atoms. The energy levels were mainly caused by the electron orbital hybridization of Cl-3p5, S-3p4, O-2p4 and Ti-3d2. All adsorption configurations were chemical adsorption. The order of influence of the five ions on the stability of TiO2 was S2− > CO32− > Cl− > HS− > HCO3−. Finally, a novel corrosion mechanism was proposed to illustrate the dynamic evolution processes of pits.
Evolution of the Inhibitory and Non-Inhibitory ε, ζ, and IF1 Subunits of the F1FO-ATPase as Related to the Endosymbiotic Origin of Mitochondria
Authors: Mendoza-Hoffmann Francisco , Zarco-Zavala Mariel , Ortega Raquel , Celis-Sandoval Heliodoro , Torres-Larios Alfredo , García-Trejo José
Published: July 2022

The F1FO-ATP synthase nanomotor synthesizes >90% of the cellular ATP of almost all living beings by rotating in the “forward” direction, but it can also consume the same ATP pools by rotating in “reverse.” To prevent futile F1FO-ATPase activity, several different inhibitory proteins or domains in bacteria (ε and ζ subunits), mitochondria (IF1), and chloroplasts (ε and γ disulfide) emerged to block the F1FO-ATPase activity selectively. In this study, we analyze how these F1FO-ATPase inhibitory proteins have evolved. The phylogeny of the α-proteobacterial ε showed that it diverged in its C-terminal side, thus losing both the inhibitory function and the ATP-binding/sensor motif that controls this inhibition. The losses of inhibitory function and the ATP-binding site correlate with an evolutionary divergence of non-inhibitory α-proteobacterial ε and mitochondrial δ subunits from inhibitory bacterial and chloroplastidic ε subunits. Here, we confirm the lack of inhibitory function of wild-type and C-terminal truncated ε subunits of P. denitrificans. Taken together, the data show that ζ evolved to replace ε as the primary inhibitor of the F1FO-ATPase of free-living α-proteobacteria. However, the ζ inhibitory function was also partially lost in some symbiotic α-proteobacteria and totally lost in some strictly parasitic α-proteobacteria such as the Rickettsiales order. Finally, we found that ζ and IF1 likely evolved independently via convergent evolution before and after the endosymbiotic origin mitochondria, respectively. This led us to propose the ε and ζ subunits as tracer genes of the pre-endosymbiont that evolved into the actual mitochondria.
The Use of a Brief Antenatal Lifestyle Education Intervention to Reduce Preterm Birth: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Na , Lu Jie , Zhao Yan , Wei Yuan , Gamble Jenny , Creedy Debra K.
Published: July 2022

Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal and child mortality and morbidity worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between attending a brief antenatal lifestyle education seminar and preterm birth, and whether education timing modifies outcomes. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a hospital-based antenatal care center in Beijing, China, where a free, 2 h, optional, face-to-face, midwife-led group seminar on healthy lifestyle choices during pregnancy was provided. Among the 3008 eligible women, 1107 (36.8%) attended the seminar during the first trimester, 515 (17.1%) attended during the second trimester or later, and 1386 (46.1%) did not attend. Multiparous women were more likely to not attend or to attend at a later stage. The overall prevalence of preterm birth was 8.7%, but it was higher for women who did not attend the antenatal seminar (11.5%). The risk of preterm birth for first trimester attendees decreased by 53%, and it decreased by 41% for later attendees. Estimates persisted after adjusting pre-existing and gestational covariates. Attending a brief antenatal lifestyle education seminar was associated with lower preterm birth risk, and attending during the first trimester had a better impact than later attendance. The results can inform the development of tailored preterm birth prevention strategies.
A Comparative Study of Genetic Responses to Short- and Long-Term Habitat Fragmentation in a Distylous Herb Hedyotis chyrsotricha (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Yuan Na , Wei Shujing , Comes Hans Peter , Luo Sisheng , Lu Ruisen , Qiu Yingxiong
Published: July 2022

The genetic effects of habitat fragmentation are complex and are influenced by both species traits and landscape features. For plants with strong seed or pollen dispersal capabilities, the question of whether the genetic erosion of an isolated population becomes stronger or is counterbalanced by sufficient gene flow across landscapes as the timescales of fragmentation increase has been less studied. In this study, we compared the population structure and genetic diversity of a distylous herb, Hedyotis chyrsotricha (Rubiaceae), in two contrasting island systems of southeast China. Based on RAD-Seq data, our results showed that populations from the artificially created Thousand-Island Lake (TIL) harbored significantly higher levels of genetic diversity than those from the Holocene-dated Zhoushan Archipelago (ZA) (π = 0.247 vs. 0.208, HO = 0.307 vs. 0.256, HE = 0.228 vs. 0.190), while genetic differences between island and mainland populations were significant in neither the TIL region nor the ZA region. A certain level of population substructure was found in TIL populations, and the level of gene flow among TIL populations was also lower than in ZA populations (m = 0.019 vs. 0.027). Overall, our comparative study revealed that genetic erosion has not become much stronger for the island populations of either the TIL or ZA regions. Our results emphasized that the matrix of water in the island system may facilitate the seed (fruit) dispersal of H. chrysotricha, thus maintaining population connectivity and providing ongoing resilience to the effects of habitat fragmentation over thousands of years.
Least-Square-Method-Based Optimal Laser Spots Acquisition and Position in Cooperative Target Measurement
Authors: Li Kai , Yuan Feng , Hu Yinghui , Du Yongbin , Chen Wei , Lan Chunyun
Published: July 2022

The relative positioning precisions of coordinate points is an important indicator that affects the final accuracy in the visual measurement system of space cooperative targets. Many factors, such as measurement methods, environmental conditions, data processing principles and equipment parameters, are supposed to influence the cooperative target’s acquisition and determine the precision of the cooperative target’s position in a ground simulation experiment with laser projected spots on parallel screens. To overcome the precision insufficiencies of cooperative target measurement, the factors of the laser diode supply current and charge couple device (CCD) camera exposure time are studied in this article. On the hypothesis of the optimal experimental conditions, the state equations under the image coordinates’ system that describe the laser spot position’s variation are established. The novel optimizing method is proposed by taking laser spot position as state variables, diode supply current and exposure time as controllable variables, calculating the optimal controllable variables through intersecting the focal spot centroid line and the 3-D surface, and avoiding the inconvenience of solving nonlinear equations. The experiment based on the new algorithm shows that the optimal solution can guarantee the focal spot’s variation range in 5–10 pixels under image coordinates’ system equivalent to the space with a 3 m distance and 0.6–1.2 mm positioning accuracy.
Advances in the Mass Sensitivity Distribution of Quartz Crystal Microbalances: A Review
Authors: Huang Xianhe , Chen Qiao , Pan Wei , Yao Yao
Published: July 2022

A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a typical acoustic transducer that undergoes a frequency shift due to changes in the mass of its surface. Its high sensitivity, robustness, small size design, and digital output have led to its widespread development for application in the fields of chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, and surface science. Mass sensitivity is one of the vital parameters and forms the basis for quantitative analysis using QCMs. This review firstly introduces the importance, definition, calculation, and measuring method of the mass sensitivity and then focuses on reviewing the influence of electrode parameters (including electrode shape, electrode diameter, electrode thickness, electrode material, etc.) on the mass sensitivity distribution of QCMs. Finally, the effect of the operating frequency on the mass sensitivity of QCMs is also analyzed.
Recent Developments in the Field of Optical Immunosensors Focusing on a Label-Free, White Light Reflectance Spectroscopy-Based Immunosensing Platform
Authors: Karachaliou Chrysoula-Evangelia , Koukouvinos Georgios , Goustouridis Dimitrios , Raptis Ioannis , Kakabakos Sotirios , Livaniou Evangelia , Petrou Panagiota
Published: July 2022

Optical immunosensors represent a research field of continuously increasing interest due to their unique features, which can mainly be attributed to the high-affinity and specific antibodies they use as biorecognition elements, combined with the advantageous characteristics of the optical transducing systems these sensors employ. The present work describes new developments in the field, focusing on recent bioanalytical applications (2021–2022) of labeled and label-free optical immunosensors. Special attention is paid to a specific immunosensing platform based on White Light Reflectance Spectroscopy, in which our labs have gained specific expertise; this platform is presented in detail so as to include developments, improvements, and bioanalytical applications since the mid-2000s. Perspectives on the field are been briefly discussed as well, highlighting the potential of optical immunosensors to eventually reach the state of a reliable, highly versatile, and widely applicable analytical tool suitable for use at the Point-of-Care.
Short-Term Drift Prediction of Multi-Functional Buoys in Inland Rivers Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zeng Fei , Ou Hongri , Wu Qing
Published: July 2022

The multi-functional buoy is an important facility for assisting the navigation of inland waterway ships. Therefore, real-time tracking of its position is an essential process to ensure the safety of ship navigation. Aiming at the problem of the low accuracy of multi-functional buoy drift prediction, an integrated deep learning model incorporating the attention mechanism and ResNet-GRU (RGA) to predict short-term drift values of buoys is proposed. The model has the strong feature expression capability of ResNet and the temporal memory capability of GRU, and the attention mechanism can capture important information adaptively, which can solve the nonlinear time series drift prediction problem well. In this paper, the data collected from multi-functional buoy #4 at Nantong anchorage No. 2 in the Yangtze River waters in China were studied as an example, and first linear interpolation was used for filling in missing values; then, input variables were selected based on Pearson correlation analysis, and finally, the model structure was designed for training and testing. The experimental results show that the mean square error, mean absolute error, root mean square error and mean percentage error of the RGA model on the test set are 5.113036, 1.609969, 2.261202 and 15.575886, respectively, which are significantly better than other models. This study provides a new idea for predicting the short-term drift of multi-functional buoys, which is helpful for their tracking and management.
Nežinomos XVI a. vidurio Kauno miestiečių apeliacijos valdovo teismui, įrašytos Lietuvos Metrikos Palenkės vaivadijos knygose
Authors: Antanavičius Darius
Published: July 2022

The Unknown Appeals of the mid-16th Century Kaunas Citizens to the Assessors’
Court and the Court in Relationibus in the So-called Voivodeship of Podlachia Books
of the Lithuanian Metrica

The aim of the article is to present the hitherto unknown facts relating to the appeals of
Kaunas citizens filed with the assessors’ court and the court in relationibus of the GDL in the first half of the 16th-mid-17th century. The assessors’ court was the main instance of appeal in the GDL which on the sovereign’s behalf, alongside other cases, dealt with the complaints of the citizens of state or royal cities that were granted Magdeburg rights with regard to the rulings of the courts of the first instance, namely the courts of the council, voigt (vaitas), and benchers (suolininkai), in the said cities. The court in relationibus was a higher level of the assessors’ court. These courts would mostly hear cases forwarded from the assessor’s and other courts. The Lithuanian Metrica is a block of the GDL chancellery books. The Voivodeship of Podlachia is a territory comprising mostly the lands of Drohiczin, Bielsk, and Mielnik which from 1513 was administered by the Voivode of Podlachia, was part of the GDL until 1569 but, following the Union of Lublin of 1569, was handed over to Poland. Out of 12 Voivodeship of Podlachia books at the moment 8 are available for the use of researchers.
Iš Kauno pavieto žemės teismo kasdienybės. Pavieto vazniai XVI a. pabaigoje
Authors: Vilimas Darius
Published: July 2022

Everyday Matters in Kaunas Powiat Land Court. Powiat Voznys in the Late 16th Century

The institution of the powiat vozny (vaznys) established by the Second Statute of Lithuania had developed from the former function of the vizh (vižas) in the courts of selected judges. Following the introduction of the vozny function, vizhes were demoted to the lowest link of court executors employed by state-non-judicial or private estate administrations. The number of voznys in each powiat of the GDL ranged from several to a dozen and more. Any powiat nobleman of impeccable reputation who had immovable property in the area could be sworn in as a vozny. Voznys would serve in both powiat land courts and castle courts. At first they were appointed by the voivode’s discretion, later voivodes would appoint voznys elected at sejmiks, based on the noblemen’s request. Each powiat viozny had a certain territory for his supervision and service. This could have been a volost, a district, etc., though most often the territory assigned to a vozny was indicated as a powiat. The number of voznys was not regulated – there could be several voznys in a volost or a single vozny for several volosts and there was no literacy requirement to become a vozny. Only the vozny general of the powiat introduced by the Third Statute of the GDL was expected to be able to read and write. Kaunas powiat was formed after the administrative reform of the GDL in 1565–1566. It stretched in a strip widening towards the southwest from Kėdainiai (Samogitia) in the north to Vyštytis in the south, was the smallest of all powiats in the Voivodeship of Trakai covering the area of around 6045 km². There is no available information on the appointment of the first voznys in Kaunas powiat. They might have been appointed together with the first composition of the post-reform land courts at the beginning of 1566 as it was the case in Slanim powiat where on 1 June 1565 eight powiat voznys were appointed. Inscriptions made by voznys themselves make up a small part of all the records in these books.
Kirviu ir kaltu: nekilmingųjų ženklai Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės XV–XVI a. šaltiniuose
Authors: Čelkis Tomas
Published: July 2022

With an Axe and a Chisel: Signs of the Base-Born People in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Sources of the 15th–16th Century

The GDL signs in the 15th-16th century would not only send a symbolic and informationrelated message, but would also express the exceptional relation between a person or a group of persons and things or objects. This is suggested by the signs bearing legal protective power that were used in property marking. The said signs were used by people of humble descent and also by those representing a higher social class prior to the introduction of coats of arms. It is obvious that signs of the base-born people are seldom subjected to analysis, most probably due to the limited possibilities offered by sparse sources. Therefore the article focuses on the issues related to non-heraldic signs used in the GDL in the 15th-16th century, viewing them as an object of research. The article dwells on various concepts utilized in multilingual GDL sources of the 15th-16th century to denote the said signs, analyses the conditions of their appearance and application. Written sources and iconography detected therein serve as
the basis for the consideration of the graphic aspects of such signs. In addition, in order
to supplement the number of the published sources dedicated to the analysis of the GDL signs, the appendix of the book contains an archival GDL document dating back to 1541, namely a letter of Vilnius cathedral chapter listing the tribute paid by peasants of Volčia domain (Dokshytsy District, Belarus) and featuring 29 legal signs used by these peasants.
Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Vyriausiojo tribunolo raštvedyba: bylų registrų knygos
Authors: Stankevič Adam
Published: July 2022

Record Keeping of the Supreme Tribunal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Case Registration Books

The article analysed case registration books of the Supreme Tribunal of the GDL in the
16th-18th century, their structure, development, and the main issues relating to the use of these books in court practice. The oldest surviving register books date back to the mid-17th century. At that time the structure of the records had already become well-established – each page contained a brief entry at the right-hand-side corner, offering data on the parties to the proceedings (names of claimants and defendants, positions held by them or their titles) which were copied from the writ of summons of the case. This structure of each entry remained unchanged until the very end of the 18th century. The case registration books not only informed the court about the considered cases and set the order of their hearing, but also performed other functions, for example, the proceedings of the case and the court rulings were recorded there. The laws only fragmentally provided for the keeping and use of registration books, usually the corresponding requirements were only introduced in order to prevent the misconduct of litigants and clerical staff. In order to organize the work of the court more efficiently, the registration books were started to be categorised according to the nature of the cases, however, the rational way of their use was not devised. Meanwhile, the fact that some of the registration books were singled out from the common system of use led to their wrongdoings, which had a strong negative effect on the efficacy of the GDL Supreme Court and affected the Supreme Court’s ability to effectively deal with appeals and other important cases.
Estrategias de afrontamiento y tolerancia a la frustración en adolescentes
Authors: Toala Zavala Kevin Luiggi , Rodríguez Pérez Mayra Lucía
Published: July 2022

La adolescencia es una etapa de transición, en donde, la persona vivencia distintas situaciones estresantes, que pueden repercutir en la utilización de las estrategias de afrontamiento y su capacidad de tolerancia. En la investigación se analizó la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento y la tolerancia a la frustración en los adolescentes de la Asociación Provincial de Atletismo del Guayas. Fue cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo-correlacional, diseño no experimental y corte transversal, con una muestra de 70 adolescentes. Se empleó la escala de afrontamiento para adolescentes y la escala de evaluación de la tolerancia a frustración. Se identificaron estrategias como: distracción física, buscar diversiones relajantes, esforzarse y tener éxito, preocuparse, buscar apoyo espiritual y fijarse en lo positivo. Existiendo diferencias significativas según el sexo en ignorar el problema y reservárselo para sí. Se concluye que existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre la reducción de la tensión, reservárselo para sí, buscar ayuda profesional y la tolerancia a la frustración en adolescentes.
The Culture of the Belle Epoque and Impressionism in Music of Debussy
Authors:   Society for International Cultural Institute, Lee Jisun , Kim Joonho
Published: July 2022

The period from about 1871 to the outbreak of the First World War in France in 1914 was a golden age called ‘Belle Époque’, which means beautiful era in French. Economically, through the Industrial Revolution, culture and art flourished centered on Paris, and democracy was developed through the establishment of democratic procedures through the civil revolution. The musical characteristics that emerged in the Belle Epoque era stemmed from cultural backgrounds. These extra-cultural influences and the spread of cultural capabilities led to the birth of new cultural trends such as impressionism, and the activities of impressionist musicians and artists contributed to making the Belle Epoque era more splendid. This study sheds light on the new trends and characteristics of the music field where the Belle Epoque can be most conscious of. And this study examines the music of Debussy, who represented Belle Epoque with impressionism, and analyzes the influence of contemporary cultural background on his music. This study is meaningful in suggesting a new hope for a beautiful period and cultural development by examining the splendid period brought about by the times and social changes in the development of international culture and emphasizing the influence that the era of peace and stability had on cultural formation. Debussy, who is indispensable in the French musical art of the Belle Epoque era, is regarded as a representative composer of impressionism, which influenced Satie and Lex Six by expressing a dreamlike feeling with impressionist characteristics, and using scales and instruments that express exotic emotions. Debussy created beautiful and musically expressive melodies without breaking with the musical conventions of his past. Furthermore, in order to express the beauty of all things in the Belle Epoque period, the feeling of light and water was expressed through sound, occupying a unique position in the generation in which the paradigm of modern music and art was changing.
Viret and a Reasonable Economy
Authors: BERTHOUD JEAN-MARC
Published: July 2022

Pierre Viret (1509–1571), A Swiss Reformer And Friend Of John Calvin, In His Christian Instruction And Other Dialogues (e.g., Le Monde à L’empire Et Le Monde Démoniacle) Developed Some Relevant Economic Principles. This Article Argues That Viret’s Thought Both Is Biblical And Reflects The Creational Order. Since Viret Is Less Known, The Article Starts With His Life And Place In The Reformation. It Continues By Considering Viret As An Economic Thinker And Goes On To Discuss His Views About Money And Sales Taxes. It Also Includes A Comparison Between Calvin’s And Viret’s Expositions Of The Eighth Commandment, Which Highlights The Originality Of Viret’s Contribution. KEYWORDS: Pierre Viret, Christian Instruction, John Calvin, State And Economy, Money, God’s Law, Sales Tax, Creational Order
Chalmers: Pastor for the Poor
Authors: Poor Chalmers: Pastor for the
Published: July 2022

Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847) Was A Scottish Churchman Known For His Leadership Of The Evangelical Movement In The Church Of Scotland, Which Culminated In The Formation Of The Free Church Of Scotland. While A Pastor In Rural Scotland And Then In Glasgow, He Developed A Unique Approach To Caring For The Poor. This Article Looks At The Development Of His Thoughts, The Implementation Of His Ideas, And His Lasting Legacy. KEYWORDS: Thomas Chalmers, Free Church Of Scotland, Poverty, Poor Laws, Education, Diaconal Ministries
The Common Grace Agency of Capitalistic Corporate Strategy in God’s World
Authors: QUATRO SCOTT A.
Published: July 2022

The Contemporary Zeitgeist Presents An Unapologetically Harsh And Troublingly Distorted Perspective Regarding The Role Of Capitalistic Corporate Strategy In The World. I Argue That Much Of This Is Due To A Misunderstanding Of The Fundamental Purpose Of Business Strategy, Which Is Exacerbated By Theologically Flawed Impositions Onto The Business Sphere Of The Created Order. In Response, I Argue That Capitalistic Corporate Strategy Is Part Of God’s Good Creation And By God’s Design Serves As A Primary Source Of Common Grace By Unleashing Prosperity, Engendering Profit, And Showering Provision In And On The World—and Perhaps Will Continue To Do So For Eternity. KEYWORDS: Common Grace, Sphere Sovereignty, Creation, Consummation, Meta-narrative, Strategy, Corporate Strategy, Capitalistic, Capitalism
Six Days You Shall Work? Robotics and the Reformed Ethic of Labor
Authors: LILLBACK PETER A.
Published: July 2022

After Summarizing Issues Related To The Fourth Industrial Revolution And Robotics In Relation To Work, This Article Oers Biblical, Reformed, And Puritan Perspectives On Labor. It Continues By Examining The Potential For Loss Of Work Due To Technology. Finally, In Response To These Challenges, It Oers A Few Worldview Considerations And Explores Pastoral Solutions. KEYWORDS: Fourth Industrial Revolution, Robotics, Work Ethics, Protestant And Puritan Work Ethics, Fourth Commandment, Work And Rest
Public Theology and the Public Sphere
Authors: UN ANTONIUS STEVEN
Published: July 2022

This Article Presents Abraham Kuyper’s Principles Of Sphere Sovereignty, Structural Pluralism, And Confessional Pluralism As Eective Means For Resisting The Pressure To Compromise—always A Danger For Public Theology. Public Theology, As Distinct From Political Theology, Concerns Civil Society. In This Sense, Kuyper’s Structural Pluralism Is An Important Element For The Connection Between Public Theology, Civil Society, And The Public Sphere. Kuyper’s Political Thought Is Therefore Viewed From The Perspective Of Public Theology. KEYWORDS: Public Sphere, Public Theology, Abraham Kuyper, Sphere Sovereignty, Civil Society, Structural Pluralism, Confessional Pluralism
A Theological and Biblical Examination of Anger
Authors: GOLDING ROBERT D.
Published: July 2022

Not Only Is Christian Anger, Properly Defined, Biblically Permissible, But It Is Also Required. In Service To This Thesis, I Will First Examine Arguments Regarding The Permissibility Of Anger. Then, I Will Seek To Refute An Argument That States That Anger Is Never Advantageous. Finally, I Will Argue That Anger Is Not Only Valid But Is Biblically Required In Certain Circumstances. It Will Hopefully Be Clear That The Claim That Humans Should Never Express Anger Is More Pagan Than Christian. On The Other Hand, Anger Is A Dangerous Emotion That Must Be Checked And Balanced By The Essence Of God As Revealed In His Word. Humans Are Made In His Image And Should Emote Accordingly. KEYWORDS: Anger, Theology Proper, Self-defense, Biblical Theology, Indignation, Wrath, Ethics, Sixth Commandment, Justice, Forgiveness
The Merciless Ethic of Trans Acceptance: A Biblical Response
Authors: BEEVERS JAMES N.
Published: July 2022

This Article Examines And Ethically Assesses “transgenderism-arming” Approaches To The Phenomenon Of Gender Dysphoria. It Discusses Major Approaches, Identified As “modern” And “postmodern.” These Rely Respectively On Either Scientific “evidence” Or Philosophical Criticism. It Examines The Life Experiences Of Transgender Individuals, Laying Further Foundations For An Ethical Evaluation From A Christian Worldview. It Shows That Neither Modern Nor Postmodern “trans-arming” Approaches Fit A Christian Framework. Key Biblical Truths That Speak To This Issue Include The Binarity Of Sex And Gender (synonymous In The Biblical Worldview), The Unity Of Body And Soul, The Derivative Nature Of Human Identity, The Need To Extend Truth And Mercy To The Suering, And The Objective Nature Of Truth In A Revelational Framework. KEYWORDS: Transgenderism, Gender, Gender Spectrum, Ethics, Brain-sex Theory, Postmodernism, Critical Theory, Critical Gender Theory, Judith Butler
The Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre: Remembering a Tragedy
Authors: Wells Paul
Published: July 2022

KEYWORDS:
The Impact of the Huguenot Diaspora on International Commerce
Authors: LILLBACK PETER A.
Published: July 2022

KEYWORDS:
Interview with Tandean Rustandy
Authors: INTAN PETER A. LILLBACK AND BENYAMIN
Published: July 2022

Tandean Rustandy Is The Founder And CEO Of PT Arwana Citramulia Tbk—a Leading Ceramic Tiles Manufacturer In Indonesia And One Of The Top-performing Ceramic Tile Manufacturing Companies In The World. He Is A Member Of The Yale School Of Management Advisory Board And The Advisory Board Of The University Of Indonesia’s Master Of Management Program, Is A Trustee Of The University Of Chicago, And Sits On The Council Of The University Of Chicago Booth School Of Business. In 2017, The Social Enterprise Initiative Center Of The University Of Chicago Booth School Of Business Was Renamed The Rustandy Center For Social Sector Innovation In Honor Of His Commitment To Philanthropy, Environmental Issues, And Social Justice. He Obtained His Bachelor Of Science From The Leeds School Of Business, University Of Colorado, And His Master Of Business Adminis- Tration From The University Of Chicago Booth School Of Business. KEYWORDS:
Impunity as a sanctuary
Authors: Umaña Hernández Camilo Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Impunity as a sanctuary refers to a situation wherein structures are constituted to prevent the legal system from reacting to criminal conduct. Focusing on the state criminality, this study examines the concept of impunity as a form of interference with the legal process. It also analyzes the continuities between the structures of power prompting criminal conduct and the lack of legal sanction. In this sense, the metaphor “sanctuary” shifts the main understanding of impunity as a problem that is exclusive to the internal operation of the criminal system to a wider constraint that supposes studying possible asymmetries of power from the legal system vis-à-vis other powerful actors. With this purpose, this paper considers a number of cases shedding light to structures of denial and obfuscation that allow to understand the particularities of understanding impunity as a sanctuary.
The Relationship of Nutrition Extension Through Monopoly Game Media With Knowledge And Attitudes About Balanced Nutrition in Elementary School 03 Children in Pasir Village, Tripe Jaya District. Gayo Lues Regency, 2022
Authors: Nauli Mutia
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship of nutrition counseling through the media of monopoly game to knowledge and attitudes about balanced nutrition in SDN 03 students in Pasir Village, Tripe Jaya District, Gayo Lues Regency in 2022. This type of research is a quantitative research (analytic survey) with a cross sectional approach. Location This research was conducted at SDN 03 Pasir Village, Tripe Jaya District, Gayo Lues Regency. The population in this study were taken from 2 classes at SDN 03, 15 students were sampled from class IV, and 15 students were taken from class V. The population technique in this study was non-probability sampling. The results showed that from 30 respondents that the majority of good knowledge as many as 15 respondents (50%). And the majority of children's nutritional attitudes in the very high category were 15 respondents (50%). This shows that nutrition counseling is closely related to knowledge of children's nutritional attitudes in understanding the importance of healthy food. Based on research conducted at SDN 03 Gayo Lues on the Relationship of Nutrition Extension Through Monopoly Game Media with Knowledge and Attitudes About Balanced Nutrition in Children at SDN 03 in Pasir Village, Tripe Jaya District, Gayo Lues Regency in 2022, the following conclusions can be drawn : The majority of children's knowledge about balanced nutrition at SDN 03 Gayo Lues, Tripe Jaya District, Gayo Lues Regency in 2022 is in the good category
Estudio crítico de los métodos de evaluación del extracto seco en las bebidas fermentadas
Authors:   , Peona Guillermina
Published: July 2022

Las delicadas tareas del contralor bromatológico de las bebidas fermentadas exigen del químico analista una atención particular y constante desde que únicamente con la realización de ensayos y determinaciones metódicas puede establecer con criterio científico su pureza y comprobar simultáneamente si la composición y características que le son propias han sido modificadas o alteradas con fines ilegítimos. El examen organoléptico, físico, químico y bioquímico de las bebidas fermentadas de uso frecuente, como Los vinos, chichas de uva, cervezas y sidras ha adquirido por ello un interés creciente en estos últimos tiempos, máxime porque la fiscalización oficial se ha ampliado y sistematizado de acuerdo con las nuevas leyes, decretos y reglamentaciones dictadas en resguardo de la salud pública y en defensa de las industrias nacionales Las prescripciones oficiales vigentes, como lo veremos más adelante, se refieren a la nomenclatura, definiciones y manufactura de las bebidas por una parte, y por otra se dan normas analíticas y límites máximos para la aceptación o descalificación de las mismas de acuerdo con coeficientes y cifras promedios obtenidas en el examen de nuestro tipo de elaboración esmerada y conservación normal. Entre las determinaciones analíticas la evaluación del extracto seco tiene preponderancia, siendo éste uno de los datos que figura invariablemente en los códigos bromatológicos y en los reglamentos para fijar un criterio de apreciación, y servir de guía para la clasificación de los diferentes productos que circulan en el comercio. Pero, como es evidente, no ha bastado establecer oficialmente límites máximos y mínimos para el extracto seco de las bebidas fermentadas, sino que, correlativamente han debido darse normas precisas para la determinación, con el propósito primordial de unificar las, técnicas de laboratorio y evitar las frecuentes discrepancias que se producían entre analistas de diversos países y aún en una misma nación donde actúan jurisdicciones distintas. A continuación se hace una revisión sintética de cuanto se relaciona con el tema de referencia y realiza una prolija compulsa de antecedentes técnicos y bibliográficos para coordinar las investigaciones efectuadas hasta ahora.
Pengaruh Lama Fermentasi terhadap Kadar Etanol dari Limbah Serabut Kelapa Sawit Hasil Pretreatment Alkali dan Hidrolisis Asam
Authors: Hasanah Nurul , Side Sumiati , Sudding Sudding
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAKSerabut kelapa sawit merupakan sumber lignoselulosa yang belum termanfaatkan secara optimal dan dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan etanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama fermentasi terhadap kadar etanol yang dapat dihasilkan dari fermentasi serabut kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembersihan dan pengecilan ukuran serabut kelapa sawit. Kemudian pretreatment menggunakan NaOH 4%, hidrolisis dengan H2SO4 2% dan penentuan kadar gula reduksi menggunakan metode Luff Schoorl. Hasil hidrolisis kemudian difermentasi menggunakan ragi tape dengan variasi waktu fermentasi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, dan 7 hari. Pengukuran kadar etanol dilakukan dengan menghitung densitas etanol dari hasil fermentasi yang telah didestilasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serabut kelapa sawit dengan kadar gula reduksi sebesar 1,95% memiliki kadar etanol tertinggi pada fermentasi 5 hari dengan kadar etanol sebesar 5,96% dan densitas 0,98513 g/mL.Kata kunci: Serabut kelapa sawit, Lignoselulosa, Ragi Tape, Fermentasi, Etanol ABSTRACTPalm-press fibers is a source of lignocellulose that has not been utilize optimally and can be used as raw material for produce ethanol. This research aims to determine the effect of fermentation periode to ethanol concentration that can be produced from palm-press fibers fermentation. This research begins with the preparation that includes cleaning and size reduction of palm-press fibers. Then pretreatment using NaOH 4%, hydrolysis using H 2SO 4 2%, and determination of reducing sugar id done by Luff Schoorl method. Then fermented using tape yeast with fermentation time variation of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days. Ethanol content measurement is performed by calculating the density of ethanol from the fermentation that has been distilled. The results showed that palm-press fibers with 1,95% reducing sugar has the highest ethanol content obtained in the fermentation of 5 days with the resulting ethanol content was 5.96% and the density of 0.98513 g/mL.Keywords: Palm-press Fibers, Lignocellulose, Tape Yeast, Fermentation, Ethanol
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak n-heksana Tumbuhan Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.)
Authors: Risnawati Risnawati , Muharram Muharram , Jusniar Jusniar
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini adalah penelitian eksplorasi yang bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder ekstrak n-heksana dari tumbuhan Meniran. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap, diantaranya preparasi, ektraksi dengan metode maserasi, partisi, fraksinasi, pemurnian, dan identifikasi. Hasil penelitian berupa dua senyawa kristal putih berbentuk jarum. Senyawa A positif terhadap pereaksi FeCl3 dan senyawa B positif terhadap pereakasi Lieburmann-Buchard. Berdasarkan hasil uji pereaksi dan data FTIR dan UV-Vis, menunjukkan bahwa senyawa A adalah Flavonoid dan senyawa B adalah terpenoid. Kata kunci: Isolasi, P. niruri Linn., Flavonoid dan Terpenoid ABSTRACTThis study is exploratory research that aim to isolate and identify the secondary metabolite compound of n-hexane extract of Meniran plant. This research was carried out in several steps; they were preparation, extraction of sample with maceration, partition, fractionation, purification and identification. The result were two needle white crystal. Compound A positive to FeCl3 reagent, while compound B positive to Liebermann-Burchard reagent. Base on the reagent test and FTIR and UV-Vis data, showed that the compound A is flavonoid and compound B is terpenoid. Keyword: Isolation, P. niruri Linn., Flavonoid and Terpenoid
Kandungan Fenolik Total Ekstrak Etanol Dan Etil Asetat Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia, L.) Serta Uji Bioaktivitas Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli
Authors: Sari Trianita , Maryono Maryono , Hasri Hasri , Abbas Gusma Harfiana
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fenolik total dari ekstrak etanol dan etil asetat buah mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia, L) dan aktivitas antibakteri tehadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Ekstrak Buah mengkudu yang telah di evaporasi dilakukan analisa senyawa dengan menggunakanspektrofotometer UV untuk mengetahui kandungan total senyawa fenol. Dan ekstrak buah mengkudu di uji bioaktivitas terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Dari hasil penelitian didapat kadar fenol ekstrak etanol sebesar 171,91 mg/L dan pada ekstrak etil asetat 23,27 mg/L. Dan Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol buah mengkudu dan ekstrak etil asetat buah mengkudu dapat mengahambat bakteri Escherichia coli. Kata Kunci: Antibakteri, Buah mengkudu, fenolik total ABSTRACT   This research aims to determine the ability of ZnO-Zeolite to degrade Acid Orange 7. The first, synthesized zinc acetate precursors from Zn waste batteries. Next, synthesized ZnO from the precursor of zinc acetate and impregnated with zeolite to form a ZnO-Zeolite composite used the sol-gel method. Photodegradation test for Acid Orange 7 dye used a concentration of 50 ppm with variations in pH 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. Measurement of concentration of Acid Orange 7 dye degradation results used a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 484.45 nm. The results showed that ZnO-Zeolite composites were able to degrade Acid Orange 7 dyes at pH 7 with a degradation percentage of 94.15%. Keywords: ZnO-Zeolite composite, acid orange 7, degradation
Penentuan pH Optimum Gel Metasilikat Sekam Padi sebagai Media Tumbuh Kristal Tunggal Kalsium Tartrat Tetrahidrat (CaC4H4O6.4H2O)
Authors: Putri Suriati Eka , Hasri Hasri , Ramdani Ramdani , Yunanda Yunanda
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pH optimum sintesis gel metasilikat sekam padi sebagai media tumbuh kristal tunggal kalsium tartrat tetrahidrat (CaTT). Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi preparasi sampel, pembentukan gel metasilikat, sintesis kristal CaTT dan karakterisasi gel metasilikat. Abu sekam padi yang digunakan mengandung SiO2 sebesar 98,45% berpotensi untuk membentuk filtrat natrium silikat (Na2SiO3). Filtrat natrium silikat direaksikan dengan asam tartrat (C4H6O6) menghasilkan gel metasilikat pada pH 5,00; 5,25; 5,50; 5,75 dan 6,00. Supernatan kalsium klorida (CaCl­2) berdifusi ke dalam gel membentuk kristal CaTT berwarna putih jernih sebanyak 0,2649 g pada pH optimum 5,25. Analisis gugus fungsi gel metasilikat menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR memberikan serapan yang khas untuk gugus fungsi –OH pada 3400,05 cm-1 dan 920,05 cm-1, gugus fungsi C=O pada 1622,13 cm-1 dan C-O pada 1346,31 cm-1, serta gugus Si-O-Si pada 1064,71 cm-1. Karakterisasi gel metasilikat menggunakan XRD mengindikasikan bahwa struktur gel metasilikat hasil sintesis tersusun atas garam Na2C4H4O6.2H2O, senyawa SiO2 dan     C-grafit. Berdasarkan analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR dan karakterisasi menggunakan XRD, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sekam padi berpotensi untuk dijadikan gel metasilikat sebagai media tumbuh kristal tunggal CaTT.Kata kunci: Sekam padi, Natrium Silikat, Gel metasilikat, Kalsium tartrat tetrahidrat
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) Dalam Sintesis Nanosilika Dari Tongkol Jagung dengan Metode Kopresipitasi
Authors: Renika Desi , Wijaya Mohammad , Pratiwi Diana Eka
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  pengaruh  konsentrasi NaOH terhadap ukuran nanosilika dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi NaOH optimum yang digunakan dalam sintesis nanosilika dengan metode kopresipitasi.  Sintesis nanosilika menggunakan variasi konsentrasi NaOH 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 4 M, 5 M.  Selanjutnya setelah memperoleh nanosilika, melakukan analisis kandungan silika menggunakan XRF, menentukan ukuran partikelnya menggunakan XRD, dan karakterisasi morfologi menggunakan SEM. Hasil sintesis nanosilika mengandung unsur silika (SiO2) berturut turut 98,01 %, 97,04 %, 95,60 %, 96,70% dan 96,66 % dan ukuran partikel berturut turut adalah 23,13 nm, 20,96 nm, 15,43 nm 14,74 nm,  dan 19,80 nm. Morfologi nanosilika memiliki rongga dan bentuk partikel tidak homogen.Kata kunci : Tongkol Jagung, Konsentrasi, Kopresipitasi,  dan Nanosilika.ABSTRACTThis study aims to discover the effect of NaOH concentration on the size of nanosilica and to discover the optimum NaOH concentration was used in synthesis of nanosilica with coprecipitation method. Synthesis of nanosilica used variations of NaOH concentration 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 4 M and 5 M. Furthermore, after obtained nanosilica, analyzed its silica content by XRF, determined its particle sized by XRD and characterizes its morphology by SEM. The results of synthesis of nanosilica contained silica element (SiO2) in a row are 98.01%, 97.04%, 95.60%, 96.70% and 96.66% and the particle sized in a row are 23.13 nm, 20.96 nm, 15.43 nm, 14.74 nm and 19.80 nm.The nanosilica morphology had cavities and its particle shape is not homogeneous.Keywords: Corn Cob, Concentration, Coprecipitation, and Nanosilica