bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Evaluation of Paracetamol Tablet to Assess Binding Property of Limonia acidissima Pectin
Authors: Varsha C. Fegade  , Sachin B. Narkhede  , Rushabh Kumar
Published: October 2023

Plants acts as a major source of medicines and are used to formulate various pharmaceutical preparations. Apart from this they act as excellent pharmaceutical aids and excipients.Limonia acidissima is nutritious, easily available, cheap but underutilized fruit. The aim of present research is to isolate the pectin from dried fruit pulp of Limonia acidissima and to assess its binding property. Pectin was extracted by boiling dried fruit pulp powder with water for 7 hrs at pH 3.2 adjusted with citric acid and using ethanol as precipitating agent.  Binding property of pectin was assessed using paracetamol as a model drug. Paracetamol granules were prepared by wet granulationmethod. Granules were prepared using starch as disintegrant, calcium carbonate as filler, talc as glidant, Magnesiumstearate as lubricant and varying concentration of pectin as binder and were compressed into respective tablets.A reference batch of starch as binder was prepared to carry out the comparative study and to assess the binding property of pectin. Total four batches of formulation were prepared using different concentrations of pectin. For each formulation pre compression and post compression studies were performed and compared to range asper pharmacopoeias. Tablets were evaluated based on Weight uniformity, Tablet Hardness, Friability, Disintegration and In vitro drug release. The results obtained for all pre-compression and post compression parameters were found within acceptable range of pharmacopoeias. Limonia acidissima pectin can act as excellent binder in dosage forms. In vitro dissolution studies were revealed that batch F3 showed 99.64 % of drug release. In pharmaceutical dosage form like tablet, Limonia acidissima pectin acts as an excellent binder since it is of natural origin and Limonia acidissima fruits were available easily at very low costand proved to be better alternative for synthetic binder.
SYNTHESIS, DOCKING AND EVALUATION OF PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AS ANTI-MALARIAL AGENTS
Authors: Amit Kumar Sen  , Rakesh Kr. Jat
Published: October 2023

Malaria is endmic disease of tropical and subtropical contries like India, Pakistan, Srilanka, Bangladesh, South Africa etc. There are lot of fatalities and causalities due to malaria every year. There are lot of drugs have been synthesized for controlling this intermittent fever like chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, pamaquine, primaquine, artimisininine, sulphadoxine, pyrimethamine, dapsone. The pyrimidine derivative synthetic drugs like sulphadoxine and pyramethamine have potential role to treat malaria with fever side effects. The lead molecule is pyrimdine and various groups are attached to this nucleus for optimizing the activity of lead nucleus and its derivative to treat this dangerous disease.

The main causative organisms are plasmodium falciparm, plasmodium vivex, plasmodium malariae and ovale that cause malaria in patient and transmitted in blood after bitting of female anopheles mosquito that act as vector for plasmodium species.

The docking studies are also performed by software and proper lead compound is identified with docking studies. The synthesis of compounds were carried out in laboratories with  microwave synthesis and newer techniques that are fast and less time consuming of better yield of products. Structure activities relationships are studied and optimum activities are obtained by replacing different functional groups and other groups.
In-Vitro Analysis of Ethanol Extract of Saponaria Officinalis for Antiurolithiatic Activity
Authors: Ms. Sowmya B A  , Dr. Satish Pavuluri
Published: October 2023

The goal of the current study was to assess Saponaria officinalis ethanol extracts' in-vitro anti-urolithiatic effectiveness as a potential natural therapy to combat adverse effects brought on by the use of contemporary synthetic medications. S. officinalis extracted with ethanol was put to the test for its ability to treat urolithiasis utilizing in vitro studies (nucleation, aggregation assays). This extract was evaluated and contrasted with the reference medication cystone at increasing concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000μg/ml. The extract's ability to suppress the growth of calcium oxalate crystals in preformed forms was evaluated. The results of the S. officinalis extract on the nucleation assay were significant and showed considerable inhibition 64.2%±0.5 compared to standard cystone drug 67.7%±0.8 at 1000μg/ml concentration. Additionally, the ethanol extract of S. officinalis showed significant inhibition in the aggregation assay with a difference of 74.2%±0.08 compared to cystone 76.7%±0.09 at 1000μg/ml concentration. At a dose level of 1000μg/ml, the ethanol extract of S. officinalis possesses anti-urolithiatic potentials in vitro. It is possible to further exploit the ethanol extract of S. officinalis as a potential anti-urolithiasis medication.
Pentingnya Gaya Kepemimpinan Dalam Mengelola Organisasi : Sebuah Studi Literatur Sistematik
Authors: Mushaddiq Suaidy Hillman , Rony Zahara Tussoleha
Published: October 2023

Abstrak : Gaya kepemimpinan memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan yang perlu diperhatikan. Pemilihan gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat harus disesuaikan dengan konteks dan kebutuhan organisasi atau badan usahayang bersangkutan.
Tujuan : Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berperan sebagai penyebab mengapa peran gaya kepemimpinan dalam pengelolaan organisasi dianggap penting atau tidak.
Metodologi : Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi literatur yang melibatkan analisis terhadap duabelas jurnal yang berkaitan dengan gaya kepemimpinan dalam pengelolaan organisasi.
Hasil Penelitian : Hasil ini ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap gaya kepemimpinan memiliki karakteristik dan aplikasi yang sesuai dengan jenis organisasi atau badan usaha tertentu. Pemilihan gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat dapat membantu mencapai tujuan organisasi dan meningkatkan kinerja anggota atau karyawan.
Dampak Dari Aktivitas Pemasaran Media Sosial Terhadap Respons Pelanggan Melalui Nilai Merek Pada Brand Nike
Authors: Lutfi Ridwan , Suhendar Andri , Wulandari Ririn , Rasyid Aliy
Published: October 2023

Tujuan : Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana aktivitas pemasaran media sosial mempengaruhi tanggapan pelanggan terhadap merek Nike melalui ekuitas merek. Dalam era digital saat ini, penting untuk menggali lebih dalam mengenai nilai merek dan dampaknya terhadap respons pembeli, khususnya dalam konteks brand equity.

Metodologi : Metode kuantitatif dengan studi analitik empiris ini, menggunakan model persamaan struktural. Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Model (SEM) yang berbasis pada Partial Least Squares (PLS), dengan dua tahap pengujian yaitu pengujian inner model dan pengujian outer model.

Hasil Penelitian : 1) Aktivitas pemasaran media sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap ekuitas merek. 2) Kegiatan pemasaran media sosial tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap respon pelanggan. 3) Ekuitas merek berpengaruh positif terhadap responpelanggan. 4) Aktivitas pemasaran media sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap respon pelanggan melalui ekuitas merek.
Recordar lo que no se vivió: jóvenes, comunidad y memorias del conflicto armado salvadoreño
Authors: Chacón Serrano Fernando , Reyes Andreani María José
Published: October 2023

Este artículo se interroga sobre cómo los(as) jóvenes de una comunidad desplazada construyen las memorias del conflicto armado de El Salvador (1980-1992), a pesar de no haberlo vivido. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa, mediante relatos de vida y foto-elicitación, se trabajó con diez jóvenes, quienes nacieron después del fin del conflicto armado en Nueva Trinidad, una comunidad al norte de El Salvador, desplazada por operativos militares y reconstruida por exrefugiados y excombatientes de la guerrilla. Se evidencia en los(as) jóvenes la construcción de memorias propias a través de los mecanismos de la imaginación y la empatía, siendo central en ello los relatos fragmentados que familiares y vecinos les han transmitido en una cotidianidad comunitaria que constantemente remite al conflicto armado.
La personalidad de un "presidente cool": rasgos percibidos en el presidente de El Salvador
Authors: Orellana Carlos Iván , Orellana Ligia María , Sepúlveda José Andrés
Published: October 2023

La literatura sociopolítica reconoce en la actualidad el desarrollo de procesos de deterioro democrático, el auge de líderes populistas y de personalización de la política. En estas circunstancias cobra cada vez más relevancia e interés el estudio de la personalidad de las figuras políticas. Este artículo explora la personalidad atribuida al presidente salvadoreño Nayib Bukele por parte de una muestra de estudiantes y de profesionales de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (N = 258). Fue administrado un cuestionario en línea a principios del 2021 que incluyó algunos datos sociodemográficos, medidas de los cinco grandes, la tétrada oscura y de la tríada luminosa de la personalidad. Los resultados muestran que ambas muestras perciben la personalidad del mandatario como extrovertida, pero los profesionales le atribuyen rasgos generales más extremos (e.g., inestabilidad emocional), oscuros (e.g., narcicismo) y menos luminosos que los estudiantes (e.g., kantianismo). La investigación muestra que el rasgo de humanismo (i.e., valorar la dignidad y honor de las personas) constituye el principal rasgo predictor de la evaluación de la gestión del presidente como más democrática, mientras que el sadismo sería el rasgo que más llevaría a percibir su persona como semejante a la de un líder populista extremo como Donald Trump. Algunos aspectos como las implicaciones de la personalidad de los políticos para el bien de la democracia, la relevancia de la ideología y las peculiaridades de las escalas de medición empleadas son discutidos.
Deciphering neuronal deficit and protein profile changes in human brain organoids from patients with creatine transporter deficiency
Authors: Broca-Brisson Léa , Harati Rania , Disdier Clémence , Mozner Orsolya , Gaston-Breton Romane , Maïza Auriane , Costa Narciso , Guyot Anne-Cécile , Sarkadi Balazs , Apati Agota , Skelton Matthew R , Madrange Lucie , Yates Frank , Armengaud Jean , Hamoudi Rifat , Mabondzo Aloïse
Published: October 2023

Creatine transporter deficiency (CTD) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in the SLC6A8 gene. The impaired creatine uptake in the brain results in intellectual disability, behavioral disorders, language delay, and seizures. In this work, we generated human brain organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells of healthy subjects and CTD patients. Brain organoids from CTD donors had reduced creatine uptake compared with those from healthy donors. The expression of neural progenitor cell markers SOX2 and PAX6 was reduced in CTD-derived organoids, while GSK3β, a key regulator of neurogenesis, was up-regulated. Shotgun proteomics combined with integrative bioinformatic and statistical analysis identified changes in the abundance of proteins associated with intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism. Re-establishment of the expression of a functional SLC6A8 in CTD-derived organoids restored creatine uptake and normalized the expression of SOX2, GSK3β, and other key proteins associated with clinical features of CTD patients. Our brain organoid model opens new avenues for further characterizing the CTD pathophysiology and supports the concept that reinstating creatine levels in patients with CTD could result in therapeutic efficacy.
Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: A Review Focusing on Staging, Diagnostic and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Thool Archana Ramkrishna , Wasnik Vaibhavi
Published: October 2023

The cornea being a transparent tissue acts as a refractive surface as well as a protective barrier of the eye. The corneal epithelium is being continuously replaced and renewed by the Limbal Stem Cells (LSC). The turnover of corneal epithelium is brought about by asymmetrical differentiation and self-renewal of LSCs, their migration to the cornea and desquamation of current corneal epithelium. LSC are undifferentiated cells that acts as progenitors of corneal epithelium and maintains corneal homeostasis. LSC resides in its own microenvironment known as LSC niche, which are capable of sustaining these tissue regenerating cells. Any intrinsic factors (e.g., toxic epidermal necrolysis or mucous membrane pemphigoid), extrinsic factors (e.g., thermal burns, radiations, chemical burns) or genetic defects (e.g., aniridia) cause impairment of LSC or its niche leading to Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD). LSCD is associated with invasion of cornea by conjunctival epithelium, corneal opacity, and visual impairment. The diagnostic modality of LSCD includes fluorescein staining and slit lamp examination, impression cytology, confocal scanning and anterior chamber optical coherence tomography. The staging of LSCD is important for deciding the treatment modalities. In LSCD, the most common treatment modality includes LSC transplant from a healthy eye. Non LSC transplantation techniques are being used to prevent allograft rejection. In this review article, the authors aim to summarise the existing knowledge of the aetiology, staging and treatment modalities of LSCD.
DOŚWIADCZENIE ASPECTA I NOBEL Z FIZYKI 2022
Authors: KUŹMA Marian
Published: October 2023

Wynik doświadczenia Aspecta jest kluczowym dowodem  na  naruszenie nierówności Bella.  Doświadczenie to, A. Aspect z współpracownikami  wykonali w trzech wariantach. W niniejszej pracy opisujemy trzeci wariant w którym zastosowano przełącznik światła do zmiany polaryzacji fotonów.  Przełączanie strumienia fotonów opierało się na zjawisku dyfrakcji Bragga na falach ultradźwiękowych. Doświadczalne potwierdzenie złamania nierówności Bella ma  podstawowe znaczenie w rozwiązaniu sporu Einstein-Bohr na temat natury świata.  Doświadczenie Aspecta i inne prace na temat stanów splątanych zostało uhonorowane przyznaniem nagrody Nobla z Fizyki w 2022 roku dla  Alaina Aspecta, Johna F.Clausera i Antona Zellingera.
Impact of Blended Instruction on Reading Comprehension for Urdu Language Students
Authors: Moin Md. Alaul , Patteti Adam Paul , Ansari Md. Talib Ather
Published: October 2023

The primary objective of the present study was to look into what happened when a certain strategy was used with mixed learning strategies like blended learning module with a certain group of people, which is an educational technique that integrates online and conventional instructional methods, often used in the domains of language education for native speakers, non-native speakers, and those studying language as a foreign language. This study looked at whether or not a mixed approach to education may improve students' reading skills in the classroom. The results of this study suggest that students' reading skills in Urdu as a local language might benefit greatly from the use of blended learning.
A Review on Distributed Denial of Service Attack
Authors: Karthikeyani R. , Karthikeyan E.
Published: October 2023

Today’s world, technology has become an inevitable part of human life. In fact, during the Covid-19 pandemic, everything from the corporate world to educational institutions has shifted from offline to online. It leads to exponential increase in intrusions and attacks over the internet-based technologies. Distributed denial of service (DDOS) attack is one of the most dangerous attack that could cause devastating effects on the internet. These attacks are becoming more complex and expected to expand in number day after day, rendering detecting and combating these threats challenging. In network security this attack is very dangerous.  The main aim of DDOS attack is to collapse the network or server with abnormal traffic to make server unavailable for the legitimate users. In this paper reviews various type of DDOS attacks, Symptoms of DDOS attack, role of botnet on DDOS attack and give some mitigation and prevention technique for DDOS attack.
Life after Imprisonment: Exploring the Repercussions of Jail Time on Ex-Convicts
Authors: Agtong Grace Anne , Bazer Alan , Descuatan Kate Angellie , Ceballo Emma C.
Published: October 2023

Representation is imperative to help society comprehend what life is like after imprisonment. This qualitative study delves into the nuanced experiences of formerly incarcerated individuals, commonly referred to as ex-convicts, within the province of Davao del Sur. Through snowball sampling and in-depth interviews, we explored the challenges they faced, the consequences of these challenges, the coping mechanisms they employed, and the insights gained during their reintegration into society. Utilizing a phenomenological approach, the research uncovers three primary challenges faced by ex-convicts: (1) anticipated stigma and stigma management, the struggle to secure (2) emotional and material support, and (3) social readjustment and reintegration due to their preconceived detachment from society outside prison. Moreover, the findings indicate that former inmates experienced negative effects caused by their time in jail, leading to (1) emotional distress. However, the experience also served as a means for them to (2) restore their faith and become more (3) introspective in their thoughts and actions. Their coping mechanisms provided them hope and a positive mindset in overcoming the challenges they encountered, such as (1) social and spiritual, and (2) mindful acceptance of their current situation, which showed their resilience, faith, and as a repercussion of their violations. Furthermore, imprisonment became insightful learning to them to have a (1) stronghold between family ties and emotional support, as well as (2) renewed their faith in God. Consequently, government social reentry programs must be reinforced to help these individuals in many facets of their lives to promote resilient adjustments and prevent recidivism.
Response of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus Strains on Yield and Quality of Soybean
Authors: Solanki Kavita , Choudhary S. K. , Aakash  , Singh Veer , Singh Ankit , Birla Devilal
Published: October 2023

At present due to continuous use of phosphatic and potassic fertilizers a deposits of these nutrient have increased in the soil of studied area, and Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus solubilize/mobilize P and K in the soil, thus, for increasing yield and quality of soybean, an experiment was planned with the aim to investigate the response of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains on yield and quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] at All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Integrated Farming System Research at College of Agriculture, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India during kharif, 2019 & 20. The research was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments, viz. Control with 75% RDF (T1), Control with 100% RDF (T2), 75% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strainsas seed treatment (T3), 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strainsas seed treatment (T4), 75% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strainsas foliar application at 30 and 45 DAS (T5), 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strainsas foliar application at 30 and 45 DAS (T6), 75% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strainsas seed treatment + foliar application of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strainsat 30 and 45 DAS (T7) and 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strainsas seed treatment + foliar application of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strainsat 30 and 45 DAS (T8). The seed yield (1139 kg ha-1) of soybean increased to the tune of 14.26 and 19.72 per cent with application of 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strainsas seed treatment + foliar application of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains (T8) at 30 and 45 DAS compared to control (786 kg ha-1). Among all the treatments, yield attributes such as pods count plant-1 (29.66), seeds count pod-1 (3.36) and seed yield plant-1 (13.17) were observed highest with T8 at 30 and 45 DAS.
Characterization of Climate Change and Aquifer Recharge in Three Localities in the South-West of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Abdelaziz Kouakou Koffi , Lasme Omer Z. De , Kpan Oulai J. G. , Bassirima Diabagate
Published: October 2023

Located in the southwestern part of Côte d'Ivoire, the study area's economic activity is rainfall-dependent agriculture and facing climate change impact on water resources. This study aims to improve the resilience of water users based on a better understanding of the recent manifestation of climate change. Specifically, it is to determine the episodes of rainfall variability and estimate the effective rainfall and groundwater recharge. The hydro-climatic database for this study covers more or less the period from 1977 to 2021. The characterization of rainfall variability was highlighted by the calculation of rainfall indices, while effective rainfall and recharge values were determined using the ESPERE (Estimation of Effective Rainfall and Recharge) software according to different mathematical methods. Using the non-parametric Pettitt test was possible to detect years with significant rainfall breaks. Thus, there was an alternation of deficit and surplus periods at different scales in the three localities. However, a break in the rainfall pattern occurred in 1989 in San Pedro, whereas this event took place a year later, in 1990, in the other two localities. The effective rainfall and annual recharge closely followed the rainfall evolution in the three localities at different scales. This acquired knowledge of hydrological and hydrogeological rainfall, dynamics can be used to better educate the resilience and climate change adaptation habits of the populations in the southwest region of Côte d'Ivoire.
Correlation and Path Analysis for Yield and Grain Yield Attributing Quality Characters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes under Irrigated Condition
Authors: Venkatraman S.  , Ramesh Bura , Kiran Kumaravelu Chandu , Lavanya G. Roopa.
Published: October 2023

During the kharif season of 2022, a set of 27 rice genotypes were evaluated for the study of "Correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and grain yield contributing characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes" using an RBD with three replications at the research field of Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini Allahabad, U.P. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all 13 characters indicating that the material has adequate genetic variability to support the breeding programme for improving the grain yield of rice. Out of 27 rice genotypes evaluated for various characters, four genotypes were found superior for different characters. These four genotypes were found to be better for more than one character. Among the lines SIVA (26.83), KRISHNA (26.19g), RDR-8702 (25.79g) andSS-999 (24.48g) recorded high grain yield per hill. All these genotypes recorded significantly high yield as compared to the check NDR-359 (CHECK) (22.67g). High estimate of heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for spikelets per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, test weight and grain yield per hill. These traits are governed by additive gene effects and therefore, may be improved through direct selection. Grain yield per hill correlated positively and significantly with flag leaf width, biological yield, harvest index, and test weight. Harvest index, biological yield, days to maturity, and number of panicles per hill all had a significant positive direct effect on grain yield per hill at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Thus, selections for these characters will be proved efficient for the improvement of grain yield of rice.
Morphological and Agronomical Characters Identification of Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) Backcross1 (BC1F1) Pandan Ungu/Kambang//Pandan Ungu
Authors: Sulichantini Ellok Dwi , Idris Suria Darma , Safitri Desi Anugra
Published: October 2023

The research was conducted to know percentation of the pertitization and morphological and agronomic character of paddy (Oryza Sativa L.) BC1F1 Pandan Ungu/Kambang//Pandan Ungu. Thwas research was conducted from January to December 2018 at the Screen House Agriculture of Faculty Mulawarman University. Thwas research used the castration backcross method between Pandan Ungu/Kambang females and Pandan Ungu males to produce BC1F1. The castration from 214 spikelets was obtained from 20 fertile grains (4,60%) from that seed only 10 seeds were to able germinate (50%) and only 4 plants (40%) were able to grow. Results showed Morphological characterwastics; number of productive tillers that have the criteria of medium (1 plant), slight (1 plant), and very few (2 plants); long panicles that have the criteria of medium (3 plants) and long (1 plant); the length of the seed that has the criteria was very long (4 plants); the width of the seed 2.5-3 mm (4 plants); and the thickness of the seed 1.6-2 mm (4 plants). On the Agronomic characters, plant height was short (3 plants) and high (1 plant); the kink of the rod has the criteria of somewhat strong (4 plants); the age of the plant has the criteria of very early maturing (4 plants); and weight of 100 grains of dry unhusked have 2,80 g (1 plant), 2,33 g (1 plant) and 2.28 g (1 plant). The achievement of Morphological characters and Agronomic practices, namely; the Length of the panicle following the character (Pandan Ungu) and (Kambang), the length of the seed following (Kambang), plant height following the character (Kambang) and the age of the plant follows the character (Pandan Ungu). As for new characters were obtained, namely; the number of productive tillers, the width of the seed, the thickness of the seed, the kink stem, and the weight of 100 grains of dry milled grain.
A 270° Retention of Spinal Structure in the Treatment of Thoracic and Lumbar Tuberculosis via Posterior-Only Approach
Authors: Miao Wujun , Meng Tong , Yang Jian , Jia Qi , Fan Tianqi , Zhou Lei , Jia Lianshun , Song Dianwen
Published: October 2023

Objective

The necessity of radical debridement in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis is increasingly challenged. We introduce the 1-stage surgical treatment with 270° retention of the spinal structure via a posterior-only approach and investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of this method in treating thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.

Summary of Background Data

In former research articles, many potential disadvantages are found in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis after radical debridement, such as prolonged operative time, increased the surgical trauma, unsatisfactory bony fusion, instability of the spine, and too much blood loss.

Methods

Twenty-one patients who had thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis were admitted to our hospital between January 2013 and September 2014. All of them were treated with 1-stage surgical treatment by internal fixation, focal debridement, and fusion via the posterior-only approach. Then, the clinical efficacy was evaluated, with the Cobb angle reflecting spinal kyphotic angles, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Frankel Grade scores, and imaging examination preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results

Patients were followed up for 24 to 40 months (mean, 29.95 months), Fusion occurred at 4 to 9 months (mean, 5.86 months). There were significant differences between groups regarding the Cobb angle, ESR, and Frankel Grade scores. Delayed wound healing affected 1 patient because of diabetes. No complications regarding the internal fixation and no tuberculosis recurrence were observed during follow-up.

Conclusions

Combined with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, the method, characterized by 270° retention of the spinal structure, can be an effective and feasible method in treating thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.
AAPM Medical Physics Practice Guideline 14.a: Yttrium‐90 microsphere radioembolization
Authors: Busse Nathan C. , Al‐Ghazi Muthana S. A. L. , Abi‐Jaoudeh Nadine , Alvarez Diane , Ayan Ahmet S. , Chen Erli , Chuong Michael D. , Dezarn William A. , Enger Shirin A. , Graves Stephen A. , Hobbs Robert F. , Jafari Mary Ellen , Kim S. Peter , Maughan Nichole M. , Polemi Andrew M. , Stickel Jennifer R.
Published: October 2023

Radioembolization using Yttrium‐90 (90Y) microspheres is widely used to treat primary and metastatic liver tumors. The present work provides minimum practice guidelines for establishing and supporting such a program. Medical physicists play a key role in patient and staff safety during these procedures. Products currently available are identified and their properties and suppliers summarized. Appropriateness for use is the domain of the treating physician. Patient work up starts with pre‐treatment imaging. First, a mapping study using Technetium‐99m (Tc‐99m) is carried out to quantify the lung shunt fraction (LSF) and to characterize the vascular supply of the liver. An MRI, CT, or a PET‐CT scan is used to obtain information on the tumor burden. The tumor volume, LSF, tumor histology, and other pertinent patient characteristics are used to decide the type and quantity of 90Y to be ordered. On the day of treatment, the appropriate dose is assayed using a dose calibrator with a calibration traceable to a national standard. In the treatment suite, the care team led by an interventional radiologist delivers the dose using real‐time image guidance. The treatment suite is posted as a radioactive area during the procedure and staff wear radiation dosimeters. The treatment room, patient, and staff are surveyed post‐procedure. The dose delivered to the patient is determined from the ratio of pre‐treatment and residual waste exposure rate measurements. Establishing such a treatment modality is a major undertaking requiring an institutional radioactive materials license amendment complying with appropriate federal and state radiation regulations and appropriate staff training commensurate with their respective role and function in the planning and delivery of the procedure. Training, documentation, and areas for potential failure modes are identified and guidance is provided to ameliorate them.
Organoid‐Loaded Cryomicroneedles for Biomimic Hair Regeneration
Authors: Zheng Bowen , Yang Lunan , Feng Sining , Zhu Yunmin , Du Lijuan , Zhang Jiarui , Huang Junfei , Le Demengjie , Miao Yong , Hu Zhiqi
Published: October 2023

Organoids have attracted extensive attention in the field of hair follicle (HF) tissue engineering and regeneration. However, HF organoid implantation faces a number of difficulties, such as low viability ratios, invasive trauma, and complicated procedures. To overcome these issues, a convenient and minimally invasive delivery approach with high efficiency and cell viability is required. Here, HF organoid‐loaded methacrylated gelatin‐cryomicroneedles (GelMA‐cryoMNs) that are capable of efficient transdermal delivery and can maintain the viability of the embedded organoids are developed. The GelMA‐cryoMNs are fabricated by a stepwise cryogenic molding process using a balanced ratio of cryopreservation agents and GelMA hydrogel. They can be inserted easily into porcine skin and melted without leaving residue after delivering the organoids. In vitro and in vivo, organoids delivered by the cryoMNs retain cell viability, self‐assembly, and differentiation ability. In mice, HF organoid‐loaded GelMA‐cryoMNs are delivered to the superficial dermis, resulting in subsequent HF development and the formation of an array of biomimetic hair tufts that broke through the skin surface. A promising strategy is provided here for biomimetic hair neogeneration that benefits from minimal invasion, low cost, and simple fabrication. The GelMA‐cryoMNs developed here could also have broader applications in tissue engineering and organ regeneration.
Regulating the Conformational and Macroscopic Properties of Inorganic Nanowires by Polymer Grafts
Authors: Liu Jing , Dong Wenhao , Xia Yifan , Zheng Di , Duan Xiaozheng , Nie Zhihong
Published: October 2023

Ultrathin inorganic nanowires are an emerging class of building blocks for creating functional materials and devices, but there remains challenging to fine‐tune the structure and property of the nanowires at the molecular level. Here, this work shows that ultrathin polymer‐grafted gold nanowires (PG‐AuNWs) can exhibit bottlebrush polymer‐like physical behaviors and macroscopic properties. The hybrid PG‐AuNWs in solutions show polymer‐like viscoelasticity which can be finely regulated by controlling the structural parameters (e.g., length of the AuNWs, molecular weight of grafted polymers) of the PG‐AuNWs, the environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, solvent compositions), and the aging time. Furthermore, this work unravels at the molecular level that the conformational properties (e.g., contour length, persistence length, and mean‐squared radius of gyration) of the PG‐AuNWs can be correlated to their structural parameters following similar power‐law relations as molecular bottlebrush polymers. This work bridges the fundamental gap between polymer‐like inorganic nanowires and bottlebrush polymers, thus accelerating the development of new nanowire‐based functional hybrid materials and devices.
Scalable Construction of Multifunctional Protection Layer with Low‐Cost Water Glass for Robust and High‐Performance Zinc Anode
Authors: Zhu Yuxuan , Huang Zimo , Zheng Mengting , Chen Hao , Qian Shangshu , Sun Chuang , Tian Yuhui , Wu Zhenzhen , Lai Chao , Zhang Shanqing , Zhong Yu Lin
Published: October 2023

Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have recently attracted tremendous interest for being low‐cost, environmentally benign, and high energy density. However, the large‐scale practical application of ZIBs is hampered by well‐known undesirable dendrite growth and serious side reactions of the Zn anode during the long‐term cycling process. Herein, a multifunctional water‐glass artificial protection layer with enormous Si─O functional groups is constructed on Zn anode through a simple spin‐coating method. The theoretical and experimental investigation suggests that the as‐constructed interface with rich Si─O hydrophilic functional groups on Zn anode could facilitate the even distribution of electric field distribution and homogeneous wettability, navigate uniform zinc deposition/stripping along the (002) plane, and subsequently lead to well‐suppressed dendrite growth and effective prohibition of oxygen‐involved corrosion. Consequently, the water glass‐modified anode achieves highly reversible Zn plating/stripping over 1500 h at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2 in symmetrical cells, and a high capacity retention ratio of 79.4% at the current density of 5 A g−1 in full cells paired with V2O5 cathode. This proposed water glass coating layer design is cheap, up‐scalable, and facile, which could substantially accelerate the rapid commercialization of zinc anodes and unleash the full potential of renewable ZIBs for next‐generation large‐scale energy storage.
Impact of Molecular Weight on the Ionic and Electronic Transport of Self‐Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Relevant to Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Chae Sangmin , Nguyen‐Dang Tung , Chatsirisupachai Jirat , Yi Ahra , Vázquez Ricardo Javier , Quek Glenn , Promarak Vinich , Kim Hyo Jung , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen
Published: October 2023

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have gained considerable attention due to their potential applications in emerging biosensor platforms. The use of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) as active materials in OECTs is particularly advantageous owing to their functional, water‐processable, and biocompatible nature, as well as their tunable electronic and ionic transport properties. However, there exists a lack of systematic studies of the structure‐property relationships of these materials with respect to OECT performance. This study shows how by tuning the molecular weight of self‐doped CPE (CPE‐K) it is possible to fabricate OECTs with a µC* value of 14.7 F cm−1 V−1 s−1, one order of magnitude higher than previously reported CPE‐based devices. Furthermore, OECTs with a transconductance of 120 mS are demonstrated via device engineering. While CPE‐K batches with different molecular weights show good doping behavior and high volumetric capacitance, as confirmed by spectroelectrochemistry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the medium molecular weight possesses the highest carrier mobility of ≈0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 leading to the highest transconductance. The enhanced charge transport is due to a favorable charge percolation pathway, as revealed by the combination of X‐ray analysis and conductive atomic force microscope. These insights provide guidelines for further improving the performance of CPE‐based OECTs.
High‐Hole‐Mobility Fiber Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Next‐Generation Adaptive Neuromorphic Bio‐Hybrid Technologies
Authors: Alarcon‐Espejo Paula , Sarabia‐Riquelme Ruben , Matrone Giovanni Maria , Shahi Maryam , Mahmoudi Siamak , Rupasinghe Gehan S. , Le Vianna N. , Mantica Antonio M. , Qian Dali , Balk T. John , Rivnay Jonathan , Weisenberger Matthew , Paterson Alexandra F.
Published: October 2023

The latest developments in fiber design and materials science are paving the way for fibers to evolve from parts in passive components to functional parts in active fabrics. Designing conformable, organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) structures using poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) fibers has excellent potential for low‐cost wearable bioelectronics, bio‐hybrid devices, and adaptive neuromorphic technologies. However, to achieve high‐performance, stable devices from PEDOT:PSS fibers, approaches are required to form electrodes on fibers with small diameters and poor wettability, that leads to irregular coatings. Additionally, PEDOT:PSS‐fiber fabrication needs to move away from small batch processing to roll‐to‐roll or continuous processing. Here, it is shown that synergistic effects from a superior electrode/organic interface, and exceptional fiber alignment from continuous processing, enable PEDOT:PSS fiber‐OECTs with stable contacts, high µC* product (1570.5 F cm−1 V−1 s−1), and high hole mobility over 45 cm2 V−1 s−1. Fiber‐electrochemical neuromorphic organic devices (fiber‐ENODes) are developed to demonstrate that the high mobility fibers are promising building blocks for future bio‐hybrid technologies. The fiber‐ENODes demonstrate synaptic weight update in response to dopamine, as well as a form factor closely matching the neuronal axon terminal.
Color Tuning Using Scanning Optical Tweezers
Authors: Yao Benjun , Yuan Shun , Yang Guowei , Lei Hongxiang
Published: October 2023

Color tuning plays an increasingly vital role in daily life, including painting, printing, decoration, and animation display. Among many nonemissive color tuning technologies with low‐cost and low‐energy consumption, direct color mixing is simpler without fine and complex display structural designs or specific synthetic materials. Nevertheless, it yet faces an enormous challenge in precise color tuning due to high requirement for integrating dyes in a designable way. Herein, a scanning optical tweezers‐based color mixing method is proposed for precise color tuning. Water/oil‐soluble dye microdroplets with different sizes and colors can be stably captured and then rapidly fused by setting and exerting different trajectories of optical traps under optical tweezers. Thus, the color hue, saturation, and value of the mixed microdroplet can be accurately tuned. Besides, this is further applied to the optical assembly of colorful patterns in a programmable manner. The proposed method is more effective in harvesting pure color and high color quality without introducing exogenous materials contaminating the sample during the manipulation process, which is believed to have potential applications in liquid animation, human–robot interactive painting, and color sensing.
Numerical Study of Graphene‐Based Wideband Solar Absorber using MIM Structure for Solar Thermal Energy Conversion
Authors: Patel Sanket , Patel Shobhit K. , Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Armghan Ammar , Alzahrani Ahmad , Taya Sofyan A.
Published: October 2023

A super‐wideband solar energy absorber (SWBSEA) design is proposed in this research. In order to achieve high absorption in the design, a thin film of graphene is also used as a substrate coating that is exposed to the medium of air. The metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) is designed with a Ti‐SiO2‐TiN structure. The fractal interwoven shape (FIS) resonator layer is constructed of titanium material, which is based on a layer of silicon dioxide, and a ground layer of titanium nitride. The spectrum of solar radiation that is typically absorbed spans from the Ultraviolet (UV) to Mid‐infrared (MIR) range, with 92.81% average absorption. The absorption bandwidth of 0.61 µm is achieved with 96.21% average absorption. The designed solar absorber has a wide angle of incidence ranging from 0° to 80°. The design is also polarization insensitive for Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) waves. The created SWBSEA solar absorber design is extremely effective, polarization, and angle‐insensitive, and offers broadband absorptance that may be put into the solar cell as an absorber and is frequently utilized in heating, drying, and photovoltaic applications.
Active Metasurfaces for Non‐Rigid Light Sail Interstellar Optical Communication
Authors: Taghavi Mohammadrasoul , Sabri Raana , Mosallaei Hossein
Published: October 2023

The non‐rigidity of the nanophotonic metasail platform and the intense imparted optical force from the terrestrial laser source lead to deformations during the propulsion stage. These deformations must be taken into consideration due to their potential adverse impact on communication performance. Alterations in the shape of the sail body result in varying angles of incidence and polarization components observed by the photonic unit cell, significantly impacting their intended performance. Based on this premise, this paper proposes utilizing a reflective all‐dielectric, low‐power active metasurface that dynamically compensates for the effects of deformation and facilitates beam‐steering for communication purposes among different light sails in interstellar space. Configured as p‐n multi‐junction layers, the constituent elements of the metasurface enable modulation of carrier concentrations through multigate biasing. Through electrostatic simulations, it demonstrates that the required permittivity modulation of can achieve a wide phase span of 320°. Furthermore, it has investigated the effect of the presence of non‐functional portions in the far‐field radiation pattern of the light sail and highlighted the critical role of tunable elements in mitigating its impact. The obtained results hold great promise for realizing successful interstellar downlink communication between such gram‐scale nano‐crafts and Earth.
Loss of ATOH1 in Pit Cell Drives Stemness and Progression of Gastric Adenocarcinoma by Activating AKT/mTOR Signaling through GAS1
Authors: Zhong Qing , Wang Hua‐Gen , Yang Ji‐Hong , Tu Ru‐Hong , Li An‐Yao , Zeng Gui‐Rong , Zheng Qiao‐Ling , Yu Liu Zhi‐ , Shang‐Guan Zhi‐Xin , Bo Huang Xiao‐ , Huang Qiang , Li Yi‐Fan , Zheng Hua‐Long , Lin Guang‐Tan , Huang Ze‐Ning , Xu Kai‐Xiang , Qiu Wen‐Wu , Jiang Mei‐Chen , Zhao Ya‐Jun , Lin Jian‐Xian , Huang Zhi‐Hong , Huang Jing‐Min , Li Ping , Xie Jian‐Wei , Zheng Chao‐Hui , Chen Qi‐Yue , Huang Chang‐Ming
Published: October 2023

Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) are self‐renewing tumor cells that govern chemoresistance in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), whereas their regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the study aims to elucidate the role of ATOH1 in the maintenance of GCSCs. The preclinical model and GAC sample analysis indicate that ATOH1 deficiency is correlated with poor GAC prognosis and chemoresistance. ScRNA‐seq reveals that ATOH1 is downregulated in the pit cells of GAC compared with those in paracarcinoma samples. Lineage tracing reveals that Atoh1 deletion strongly confers pit cell stemness. ATOH1 depletion significantly accelerates cancer stemness and chemoresistance in Tff1‐CreERT2; Rosa26Tdtomato and Tff1‐CreERT2; Apcfl/fl; p53fl/fl (TcPP) mouse models and organoids. ATOH1 deficiency downregulates growth arrest‐specific protein 1 (GAS1) by suppressing GAS1 promoter transcription. GAS1 forms a complex with RET, which inhibits Tyr1062 phosphorylation, and consequently activates the RET/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by ATOH1 deficiency. Combining chemotherapy with drugs targeting AKT/mTOR signaling can overcome ATOH1 deficiency‐induced chemoresistance. Moreover, it is confirmed that abnormal DNA hypermethylation induces ATOH1 deficiency. Taken together, the results demonstrate that ATOH1 loss promotes cancer stemness through the ATOH1/GAS1/RET/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in GAC, thus providing a potential therapeutic strategy for AKT/mTOR inhibitors in GAC patients with ATOH1 deficiency.
Fabrication of Flexible and Transparent Metal Mesh Electrodes Using Surface Energy‐Directed Assembly Process for Touch Screen Panels and Heaters
Authors: Yuan Siqing , Fan Zebin , Wang Guangji , Chai Zhimin , Wang Tongqing , Zhao Dewen , Busnaina Ahmed A. , Lu Xinchun
Published: October 2023

Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are indispensable components of various optoelectronic devices such as displays, touch screen panels, solar cells, and smart windows. To date, the fabrication processes for metal mesh‐based TCEs are either costly or having limited resolution and throughput. Here, a two‐step surface energy‐directed assembly (SEDA) process to efficiently fabricate high resolution silver meshes is introduced. The two‐step SEDA process turns from assembly on a functionalized substrate with hydrophilic mesh patterns into assembly on a functionalized substrate with stripe patterns. During the SEDA process, a three‐phase contact line pins on the hydrophilic pattern regions while recedes on the hydrophobic non‐pattern regions, ensuring that the assembly process can be achieved with excellent selectivity. The necessity of using the two‐step SEDA process rather than a one‐step SEDA process is demonstrated by both experimental results and theoretical analysis. Utilizing the two‐step SEDA process, silver meshes with a line width down to 2 µm are assembled on both rigid and flexible substrates. The thickness of the silver meshes can be tuned by varying the withdraw speed and the assembly times. The assembled silver meshes exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties (sheet resistance of 1.79 Ω/□, optical transmittance of ≈92%, and a FoM value of 2465) as well as excellent mechanical stability. The applications of the assembled silver meshes in touch screen panels and thermal heaters are demonstrated, implying the potential of using the two‐step SEDA process for the fabrication of TCEs for optoelectronic applications.