bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expert Witness Testimony in Spine Surgery: A Review of Guidelines and Recommendations From Professional Organizations
Authors: Zhang Justin K. , Botterbush Kathleen S. , Mercier Philippe , Mattei Tobias A.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Most professional spine societies have enacted formal guidelines for spine surgeons providing expert witness services. However, there is significant heterogeneity in existing recommendations, with most societies providing information that is limited in detail and scope.

OBJECTIVE:

To provide a review of guidelines published by professional spine societies for spine surgeons serving as expert witnesses.

METHODS:

The Gale Directory Library, PubMed, and the grey literature were queried for national or international professional societies related to spine surgery. The search was focused on societies in the United States and North America, but also included well recognized international organizations in the field of spine surgery. Included societies with publicly available guidelines regarding expert witness services were extracted for 4 domains: (1) qualifications, (2) preparations, (3) testimony, and (4) compensation as well as the presence of a professional compliance program, defined as any official subcommittee aimed toward investigating claims of unethical behavior.

RESULTS:

Although most professional spine societies share general themes with respect to expert witness guidelines, important differences exist. Of the 26 societies included, 10 included publicly available guidelines: 4 of which were general neurosurgery societies, 2 general orthopedic surgery, and 4 spine specific. Three societies included the guidelines on all 4 domains (ie, qualifications, preparations, testimony, and compensation), and 2 societies included only 1 of the 4 domains. Eight societies possess a professional compliance program.

CONCLUSION:

There remains a paucity in expert witness guidelines provided by professional spine societies. Although existing recommendations are useful, there is a lack of standardized and comprehensive materials for spine surgeons providing expert witness testimony to reference. Moving forward, joint committees comprising surgeons, attorneys, and patient stakeholders may help improve the guidelines.
Optimal Timing of Cranioplasty and Predictors of Overall Complications After Cranioplasty: The Impact of Brain Collapse
Authors: Chen Renlong , Ye Gengzhao , Zheng Yan , Zhang Yuanlong , Zheng Shufa , Fang Wenhua , Mei Wenzhong , Xie Bingsen
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

The optimal timing of cranioplasty (CP) and predictors of overall postoperative complications are still controversial.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the optimal timing of CP.

METHODS:

Patients were divided into collapsed group and noncollapsed group based on brain collapse or not, respectively. Brain collapse volume was calculated in a 3-dimensional way. The primary outcomes were overall complications and outcomes at the 12-month follow-up after CP.

RESULTS:

Of the 102 patients in this retrospective observation cohort study, 56 were in the collapsed group, and 46 were in the noncollapsed group. Complications were noted in 30.4% (n = 31), 24 (42.9%) patients in the collapsed group and 7 (15.2%) patients in the noncollapsed group, with a significant difference (P = .003). Thirty-three (58.9%) patients had good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0-3) in the collapsed group, and 34 (73.9%) patients had good outcomes in the noncollapsed group without a statistically significant difference (P = .113). Brain collapse (P = .005) and Karnofsky Performance Status score at the time of CP (P = .025) were significantly associated with overall postoperative complications. The cut-off value for brain collapse volume was determined as 11.26 cm3 in the receiver operating characteristic curve. The DC-CP interval was not related to brain collapse volume or postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION:

Brain collapse and lower Karnofsky Performance Status score at the time of CP were independent predictors of overall complications after CP. The optimal timing of CP may be determined by tissue window based on brain collapse volume instead of time window based on the decompressive craniectomy-CP interval.
Σύνταξη προτύπων σχεδίων πολιτικής προστασίας
Authors: Μήλιος Δημήτριος
Published: January 2023

Πρότυπα σχέδια πολιτικής προστασίας, για τις πόλεις Πάτρα, Άργος, Καλάβρυτα, Μύκονος. Ειδικότερα, έμφαση στην τρωτότητα της Πάτρας, στα αντιπλημμυρικά του Άργους, κατολισθήσεων των Καλαβρύτων και γενική αντιμετώπιση κινδύνων της Μυκώνου
Διερεύνηση της καρδιακής δυσλειτουργίας σε γυναίκες με μεταστατικό καρκίνο του μαστού υπό θεραπεία με μονοκλωνικά αντισώματα
Authors: Λαγός Ιωάννης
Published: January 2023

Ο καρκίνος του μαστού είναι η δεύτερη πιο συχνή μορφή καρκίνου στις γυναίκες και η κύρια αιτία θανάτου που προκαλείται από κακοήθεια. Περίπου 20-25% του καρκίνου του μαστού υπερεκφράζει τον ανθρώπινο υποδοχέα του επιδερμικού αυξητικού παράγοντα II (HER-2).Σκοπός: Η παρούσα µελέτη έχει ως ερευνητικό στόχο τη διερεύνηση της χρησιμότητας των νεότερων υπερηχογραφικών δεικτών και των βιοδεικτών BNP και τροπονίνης Ι στην πρώιμη διάγνωση της καρδιακής δυσλειτουργίας σε γυναίκες με μεταστατικό HER-2 καρκίνο του μαστού που υποβάλλονται σε θεραπεία με συνδυασμό μονοκλωνικών αντισωμάτων. Μέθοδος: Στη μελέτη περιλήφθηκαν 49 ασθενείς (μ.ο ηλικίας 54.4±2.6 έτη) με μεταστατικό HER-2 θετικό καρκίνο του μαστού και ελεύθερο καρδιολογικό ιστορικό. Τα φάρμακα της μελέτης ήταν η τραστουζουμάμπη σε συνδυασμό μκε την περτουζουμάμπη και την ντοσιταξέλη. Για τους σκοπούς της μελέτης χρησιμοποιήθηκε και μια ομάδα ελέγχου υγιών γυναικών. Η παρακολούθηση των ασθενών ξεκίνησε πριν την έναρξη της θεραπείας και γινόταν κάθε τρεις μήνες και ολοκληρώνονταν με το πέρας των δύο ετών. Αποτελέσματα: Στη δική μας μελέτη το ποσοστό εμφάνισης καρδιοτοξικότητας ήταν 10,2% και παρατηρήθηκε σε 5 ασθενείς. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι αυξημένες τιμές των BNP, DET, IVRT και LVEDD είχαν ως αποτέλεσμα αυξημένες πιθανότητες να έχουμε τιμή EFLV κάτω από το όριο (<50%), ως ένδειξη καρδιακής τοξικότητας. Το GLS έδειξε αρνητική σημαντική συσχέτιση με το αποτέλεσμα, όπου οι αυξημένες πιθανότητες καρδιακής τοξικότητας συσχετίστηκαν με χαμηλότερες τιμές του GLS (OR = 0,45, 95% CI [0,34, 0,60], p < 0,001) επομένως μια μείωση κατά μία μονάδα στο GLS θα είχε ως αποτέλεσμα 2,22% περισσότερες πιθανότητες εμφάνισης καρδιακής τοξικότητας. Οι υπερηχογραφικοί δείκτες με τους οποίους εκτιμήθηκε η λειτουργικότητα της δεξιάς κοιλίας δεν έδειξαν στατιστικώς σημαντική διαφορά. Συμπέρασμα: Η ανίχνευση της πρώιμης μεταβολής των νεότερων υπερηχογραφικών δεικτών GLS, IVRT και του βιοδείκτη BNP φαίνεται να αποτελεί ένα χρήσιμο διαγνωστικό εργαλείο στην πρώιμη ανίχνευση της τύπου ΙΙ καρδιοτοξικότητας σε γυναίκες με μεταστατιό ΗER-2 καρκίνο του μαστού υπό θεραπεία με συνδυασμό μονοκλωνικών αντισωμάτων.
Dion, M., and Pava, M. (Εds.) (2022). The Spirit of Conscious Capitalism: Contributions of World Religions and Spiritualities. Springer.
Authors: Gotsis George
Published: January 2023

Ν/Α
Sero-epidemiology of brucellosis in small ruminants on rangeland in northern Mexico
Authors: Mellado M , Almanza A , Mellado J , García JE , Macías-Cruz U , Avendaño-Reyes L
Published: January 2023

The seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in serum of goats and sheep reared on semi-arid pastoral systems of northeastern Mexico was assessed. Additionally, species, gender, and predominant breed were evaluated as risk factors for seropositivity to brucellosis. Data were from 375 flocks of goats or co-mingled goats and sheep. Serum samples from 11001 goats and 4741 sheep collected between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed with the brucellosis card test. The disease affected 12% of flocks. The overall prevalence of brucellosis seropositivity in goats and sheep were estimated at 2.1% (95% CI = 1.78-2.31) and 0.8% (95% CI = 0.58-1.10), respectively. Brucellosis seropositivity was two times more likely (p < 0.01) in goats than sheep. The risk of seropositivity to brucellosis for goats and sheep was 2.3 and 3.2 times higher (p < 0.01) in females than males. Toggenburg goats were more likely (p < 0.01) to be seropositive to brucellosis than all other breeds of goats, whereas criollo sheep were more likely to be seropositive to brucellosis compared to hair sheep composite breeds. The current study revealed that, despite the absence of Brucella vaccination, brucellosis is not widely distributed in the study area. Also of all animals screened, seropositivity to Brucella infection was highest in Toggenburg when compared to other dairy and meat breeds; Criollo sheep also presented the highest seropositivity to brucellosis compared to hair sheep composite breeds. Finally, females compared to males had increased odds of testing positive for brucellosis.
The Impact of Chitosan on Oxidative Stress in Liver of Rats Loaded With Lead Acetate
Authors: Ozdek U , Toz H , Kömüroğlu AU , Mis L , Değer Y
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted to determine the impact of chitosan on lead (Pb)-induced hepatotoxicity. Thus, lead acetate was administered intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg for 5 days) and chitosan was given as 200 mg/kg via oral gavage for 28 days. When the trial was terminated, it was determined that aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase  (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in serum as well as Pb, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) activity in liver tissue significantly increased, however reduced glutathione (GSH) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) levels in liver and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in serum had a significant decrease in the Pb group when compared to the control group. The administration of chitosan significantly prevented Pb-induced changes in serum liver enzyme activities, 8-OHdG and MDA levels. In addition, chitosan showed a statistically insignificant effect on reduced GSH, Cp, HDL levels and CAT activity. Accordingly, administration of chitosan can strengthen the antioxidant defence system of liver tissue and may decrease oxidative stress.
The effects of different industrial sugars on royal jelly production
Authors: Karlıdağ S , Köseman A , Akyol A , Saatçıoğlu G , Şeker İ , Uyumlu AB , Yılmaztekin M , Erdoğan S
Published: January 2023

In this study, the larvae acceptance rate and the royal jelly yield in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies supplemented with different industrial sugars at different locations were determined. For this purpose, feeding groups (1. Sucrose group, 2. Glucose group, 3. Bee feed syrup group, 4. Control group) and locations (1. Battalgazi, 2. Doğanşehir) were formed. In queenless colonies that produce royal jelly, in order to sustain 5-15 day-old young feeder worker bees, two sealed frames with brood from support colonies were added. The royal jelly yield was harvested seven times. Based on the location, the feeding groups, and the location x feeding groups interaction, 12600 larvae were grafted, 9054 larvae were accepted, and the larvae acceptance rate was determined as 71.86%. Based on the location, feeding groups and the location x feeding group interaction, the yield per cell was calculated as 213.15 ± 11.53 mg/cell, the yield per colony as 6.88 ± 0.38 g/col./app., and the total yield per colony as 34.40 ± 1.91 g/colony. In the study, no statistically significant difference was determined between feeding with sucrose, bee feed and the supplementary feeding with glucose. On the other hand, it was determined that the location where the royal jelly was produced affected both the larvae acceptance and the royal jelly yield.
A commercial monovalent canine parvovirus vaccine performs better than a commercial combination vaccine in puppies
Authors: Asghar MU , Anjum AA , Rabbani M , Khan MA , Ali MA , Azeem S
Published: January 2023

Thirty puppies were randomly divided in to 3 groups for comparative evaluation of two commercial CPV vaccines. Each group was further subdivided in to < 6 months and < 3 months -old puppies and either vaccinated with a monovalent vaccine: Primodog, a combination vaccine: Duramune or maintained as a non-vaccinated control. Humoral immune response was determined by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) on 21 and 35 -days after vaccination. The geometric mean titer (GMT) induced by Duramune, 21 and 35 -days post-vaccination was GMT 73.3 and 137.2, respectively. Comparatively, Primodog demonstrated higher GMT on 21 and 35 -days after vaccination: 97.0 and 168.9, respectively. The older puppies (< 6 months old) demonstrated higher seroconversion to both vaccines.
A comparative assessment of two different methods, using devices Optiscan-TP and Optigrade-MCP, for predicting the lean meat percentage of pig carcasses in Greece in relation to the European reference method
Authors: Schina V , Dotas V , Gourdouvelis D , Kaimakamis I , Mitsopoulos I , Tsakanikas G , Bampidis V
Published: January 2023

Lean Meat Percentage (LMP) is a key index for assessing pork carcass quality as well as determining carcass classification and price. This framework offers to farmers the incentive to achieve the desired organoleptic features; therefore LMP must be measured objectively online, by means of various measuring instruments. The aim of this work was to assess two different methods for predicting the lean meat percentage of pig carcasses in Greece in comparison to the European reference method. For this reason, the same 130 pig carcasses (65 males and 65 females) were measured using 2 prediction devices (Optiscan-TP and Optigrade-MCP) and subsequently were assessed according to European reference method. A formula corresponding to each device was constructed using the ordinary least squares (OLS)method and excluding the same outliers. Calculated RMSEP for all 130 carcasses was 2.46518 for Optiscan-TP and 2.48489 for Optigrade-MCP. It can be concluded that both methods perform entirely according to EU legislation (Commission Regulation (EC) 1249/2008, European Union, 2008), and results obtained are similar regardless of different measurement points and technologies.
NRF2 is a potential biomarker for the evaluation of weaning-related oxidative stress in goat kids
Authors: Özkan H , Kaya U , Karaaslan İ , Dalkiran S , Çamdeviren B , Yüksel M , Yakan A
Published: January 2023

Weaning stress is crucial threatening factor in animal breeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of weaning to oxidative stress and stress status of goat kids at the molecular levels. In the study, blood samples were collected at the weaning process (7 days before weaning- Pre-W, Day of weaning- Day-W and 7 days after weaning- Post-W) from 24 healthy Damascus goats. Cortisol, MDA (Malondialdehyde), COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), and NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) proteins levels were investigated in plasma, while COX-2 and NRF2 genes expression levels were determined from leukocytes. Compared to Pre-W, COX-2 gene was upregulated almost 2-fold in Day-W. On the other hand, NRF2 gene expression levels were tended to upregulation in Day-W, and it was upregulated approximately 2-fold in Post-W. While MDA levels were gradually increased in the weaning process, the levels of COX-2 and NRF2 proteins showed similar changes with gene expression trends. Positive correlations were also found between cortisol and COX-2 and NRF-2 protein levels in plasma. It was thought that significant outputs gained in terms of MDA levels in plasma of kids at the weaning process. For the first time, determination of COX-2 and NRF2 levels both mRNA and protein levels in the weaning process of goat kids were satisfactorily evaluated in this study. Particularly, NRF2 was found to have the potential to be a fundamental biomarker to assess the oxidative status of weaning kids.
Density, Distribution and Staining Properties of Eosinophilic Granular Cells in Oscar Fish (Astronotus ocellatus) Intestine
Authors: Öztop M
Published: January 2023

Fish eosinophilic granular cells are found in the connective tissues of structures associated with the external environment. These cells are similar to mammalian mast cells in terms of structural and functional characteristics. The cytoplasmic granules of these cells give different staining reactions depending on fixative type. This study aimed to determine the staining properties and densities of eosinophilic granular cells in Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus Agassiz, 1831) intestine using different fixatives and histochemical techniques. Formalin and basic lead acetate fixation-giemsa staining indicated that eosinophilic granular cells were abundant in anterior intestine, localizing around especially the blood vessels and submucosa. Giemsa staining of Bouin’s fixed rather than other fixatives showed that eosinophilic granular cells were higher in posterior intestine. No reaction was observed in eosinophilic granular cells in Thionin and Toluidine Blue staining in any fixative. Eosinophilic granular cells in samples fixed with different fixatives had metachromatic Alcian Blue staining. In conclusion, this study shows that fixatives may have different effects on the distribution and staining properties of eosinophilic granular cells in Oscar fish intestinal regions. Abundance in anterior intestine and around submucosal blood vessels shows that eosinophilic granular cells could play an active role in mucosal immunity against food-borne pathogens.
Effect of Dietary Oregano and Rosemary Essential Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Cecal Microbiota of Broilers
Authors: Cetin E , Anar B , Temelli S , Cengiz SS , Eren M
Published: January 2023

In this study, the effect of dietary supplementation of oregano and rosemary essential oils (EO) on growth performance and cecal microbiota of broilers were investigated. A total of 450 1-d-old male Ross-308 broilers were divided into 5-experimental groups (10 replicates of 9 chickens): a Control (C), fed a basal diet; four treatments, which received a basal diet supplemented with oregano and rosemary EOs individually (O, 300 mg/kg oregano EO; R, 300 mg/kg rosemary EO) and combined (OR1, 150 mg/kg oregano EO + 150 mg/kg rosemary EO; OR2, 200 mg/kg oregano EO + 200 mg/kg rosemary EO). Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and cecal microbiota (coliforms, clostridia and lactobacilli) were determined weekly, and at 42 d, respectively. BW in R (p<0.05) and OR2 (p<0.001), and BWG and FCR in OR2 (p<0.05) were significantly higher than C at 42 d, despite no difference in FI in any group during experimental period. Counts of cecal coliforms (p<0.001) and clostridia (p<0.01) decreased, and lactobacilli (p<0.001) increased substantially between C and treatment groups. Results indicated that combined oregano and rosemary EO (200 mg/kg ea) supplementation significantly increased BW and BWG, improved FCR in 1-42 d, lowered coliform and clostridial, and increased lactobacilli counts suggesting a beneficial shift in cecal microbiota.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacterisolates from poultry meat in Turkey
Authors: Can HY
Published: January 2023

Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistances of Campylobacter strains from chicken meat were investigated. A total of 19 isolates (Campylobacter jejuni=6 and Campylobacter coli=13) were identified by multiplex PCR. The C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were tested for resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline using the disc diffusion method. In addition, all the strains were analyzed for resistance gene tet-O and mutations in the gyrA and 23S rRNA genes by PCR. Overall, a high frequency of resistance was detected against tetracycline (14/19, 73.6%), followed by erythromycin (7/19, 36.8%), and ciprofloxacin (6/19, 31.5%). Two of C. coli isolates (15.3%) were multidrug resistant, whereas none of the C. jejuni isolates were resistant to three antibiotics at the same time. Ten of the 14 Campylobacter strains (71.4%)  resistant to tetracycline carried tet-O gene. Mutations in the 23S rRNA and gyrA genes were identified in 57.1% (4/7), 66.6% (4/6) of the isolates resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin, respectively.
Effect of body condition score on biochemical parameters and hormonal profiles during the mating period in Ouled Djellal ewes in arid zone
Authors: Titaouine M , Mezerdi F , Makhlouf A , Mohamdi N , Mohamdi H
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThis study aims to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) on hormonal profiles and to reveal their influence on the blood metabolites in Ouled Djellal ewes during the mating period. The experiment was conducted on thirty, clinically healthy and non-pregnant, Ouled Djellal ewes  which have been kept into two groups according to their body condition score (Group I: BCS < 2.50 units; n = 13, Group II: BCS > 2.50 units; n = 17). In both groups, oestrus was synchronized using hormonal patterns then the ewes were left to be naturally inseminated. Blood samples were collected at the time of the sponge removal. Plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and Progesterone were recorded. The plasma level of triglycerides and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) increase significantly (P < 0.01) in group II.  Progesterone concentrations were similar (P ≥ 0.05) in both groups at mating period, although we recorded higher rate in group I. Therefore, we conclude that body condition score has a significant impact on some hormone profiles and blood parameters during the mating period.
The possibilities of using quinoa flour in the production of chicken meat patties
Authors: Meral R , Kutlu N , Alav A , Kılınççeker O
Published: January 2023

In this study, the mixtures obtained by mixing quinoa flour with wheat flour in different proportions were added to chicken meat patties and their effects on some quality characteristics were investigated. The yields of the meatballs prepared with the mixes containing 50% and 100% quinoa flour were higher than those of other meatballs (69.59% and 69.71%, respectively). The moisture retention of the fried meatballs prepared with mixtures containing 50%, 70% and 100% quinoa flour was found to be 45.80%, 45.97% and 51.09%, respectively. The results indicated that the moisture retention of these meatballs was higher than those of meatballs containing 30 and 0% quinoa flour. In contrast, oil absorption rates in the fried samples were in the range of 4.46-5.65% for all quinoa-containing samples and were lower compared to the control sample. Firmness decreased in meat patties prepared with mixtures containing high quinoa rates. It was observed that quinoa flour did not have a negative effect on quality factors. It was concluded that especially the mixtures containing 30% and 50% quinoa flour can be recommended.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell as a significant player in the innovative treatment of hematological cancers
Authors: Makowska Karolina , Panuciak Kinga , Mastalerczyk Angelika , Nowicka Emilia , Obel Michał , Czyżak Kamila , Lejman Jan , Trąbka Natalia , Jedlina Klaudia , Pacek Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

Introduction and purpose:
Chimeric antigen receptor‐T (CAR‐T) cells have achieved inspiring outcomes in the treatment for lymphoid malignancies, especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), providing alternative therapeutic options for patients who failed to respond to conventional treatments. CAR-T are based on the patient's T lymphocytes, which through genetic modification, gain new abilities to detect and fight cancer cells. Although the percentage of complete remissions after standard treatment of B-cell malignancies is quite high, methods that could have an even better result regarding patient survival by reducing the side effects of treatment are still being sought to improve the quality of patients' lives. CAR-T is a culmination of many years of research in the dynamically developing area of immunotherapy as a revolutionary therapy of hematological cancers treatments.
State of knowledge:
In order to explore the topic, analysis included research available in the PubMed database. The research focused on the possibility of using CAR-T cell therapy in selected hematological cancers.
Conclusion:
CAR-T is one of the most advanced and personalized methods of immunotherapy. Despite the side effects of this method, there is still scope for improvement. Our overview summarizes all the issues that have been overcome in designing this therapy, as well as highlighting all the challenges that still need to be addressed.
From converb to classifier? On the etymology of Literary Manchu nofi*
Authors: de la Fuente José Andrés Alonso
Published: January 2023

This contribution focuses on the synchronic description and etymology of the Written Manchu word nofi ‘person (used after numbers higher than one)’. We conclude that nofi continues an analytic construction expressing collective numbers plus a converb and therefore historically should be better seen as a derivational suffix rather than as an autonomous lexical word, in spite of its synchronic status as measure word (numeral classifier) which is a result of Chinese influence.
Ortsnamen aus Artvin. ართვინის ტოპონიმიკა. Sprachlich-kulturelle Berührungen an der türkisch-georgischen Grenze
Authors: Bläsing Uwe
Published: January 2023

Artvin and its environs, located in the north-eastern corner of Anatolia, once was part of Tao-Klarjeti. This kingdom can be regarded, under political as well as cultural aspects, as one of medieval Georgia’s most significant regions. In noted centres of ecclesiastical life and scholarship such as Khandzta, Oshki and others, learned men laid the very fundamentals for Georgia’s spiritual and religious development. Furthermore, under the rule of the Bagrationi family Tao-Klarjeti played a crucial role in the unification process of the various Georgian principalities into one single monarchy, the Kingdom of Georgia (sakartvelos samepo), in 1008. This paved the way for what is generally referred to as Georgia’s Golden Age (sakartvelos okros xana), a period characterised by prosperity, political independence, and learning which reached its pinnacle with the reign of Queen Tamar from 1184 to 1213. This outstanding era was followed first by a gradual but steady political decline and later by the disintegration of the Georgian State, in particular caused by the rapidly expanding powers of the East, i.e. mainly by Mongols, Turks and their incessant invasions. In 1551, Tao-Klarjeti was finally conquered by the Ottomans. Almost all of its territory – with exception of a Russian intermezzo of about 43 years after the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 – has been a part of the Turkish state up to the present day. It goes without saying that such a rich and multifaceted history has left numerous and quite variegated traces in all domains of the region’s culture. On the following pages, I will shed some light on a small number of toponyms, which reflect the Georgian past of the Artvin area, and have a closer look at their use, their meanings and their etymologies.
On the names of Ruthenia in early modern Poland-Lithuania
Authors: Danylenko Andrii
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the philological and historiographical vicissitudes of the names of Ruthenia in early modern Poland-Lithuania. Critically assessing his predecessors’ work, the author distinguishes between the Greek- and Latin-based derivatives as determined by different reflexes of the root vowel in the underlying East Slavic *Rous'; Arabic and Latin German evidence is provided to substantiate this hypothesis. In the Latin nomenclature, the corresponding terms, Russiya (Russia) and Rossiya (Rossia), both reflecting derivations from the underlying East Slavic form, are viewed as complimentary in historically representing the cultural matrices of Slavia Latina (Roman Matrix) and Slavia Orthodoxa (Byzantine Matrix). A special emphasis is placed on the Byzantine coloring of the term Rossia/Rossija which was a result of the philological tradition long cultured in Poland-Lithuania, encompassing Ruthenia. Its confessional (Orthodox) affinity of all the Slavs spread northeast toward Muscovy much later, after the establishment of the Patriarchate of Moscow in 1589. Promoted initially by Orthodox clerical circles in Poland-Lithuania, who built the first intellectual bridges between Ruthenia and Muscovy, the Byzantine matrix included Muscovy by the early 17th century. Deviating compound designations like Λιτβορωσία (1397), Ῥωσοβλαχία (Wallachia), and Moskvorossija (1593) are discussed in the context of a historical shift in the referential meaning of the term Rosia/Rossia in the cultural delineation of Ruthenian lands in the early 17th century when “Kyivan Rωssia” became conceived as part of the Polish Crown rather than of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The study is provided with a table containing forms, which represent two naming paradigm based on a short- and long-vowel reflexes, as found in East and South Slavic, Byzantine, (East) Arabic, Old High German, Latin German, and (Latin) Polish.
Contribution à l’étymologie des adjectifs romans signifiant ‘petit’
Authors: Dębowiak Przemysław
Published: January 2023

L’objectif de la contribution est de réunir et de comparer les données disponibles, ainsi que les informations principales concernant le sujet de l’origine des adjectifs portant le sens de ‘petit’ dans les langues romanes. Leur étymologie n’a pas été définitivement éclairée jusqu’à présent. Alors, on expose et commente les principales hypothèses étymologiques proposées dans la littérature linguistique et on regarde de plus près les données historiques accessibles, en commençant par le latin. On arrive à la conclusion selon laquelle la richesse des adjectifs romans signifiant ‘petit’ (sauf en corse et en roumain qui sont commentés séparément) s’est créée à travers des combinaisons spontanées d’éléments appartenant à deux groupes de morphèmes fort expressifs : 1) radicaux véhiculant l’idée de petitesse, 2) suffixes à fonction affective, émotionnelle et/ou diminutive. Les formes contemporaines des adjectifs analysés trahissent normalement leur ancien caractère composé. On remarque aussi que dans beaucoup de cas, un radical ou un suffixe particulier se répète sur des territoires compacts ou voisins, sans que les dérivés finaux qui y fonctionnent soient forcément construits des mêmes éléments. On conclut qu’afin d’expliquer correctement l’origine de tous les mots en question, il faut surtout regarder le problème d’une perspective comparative.
A song of marriage and setting up a house. A proto-Dolgan song recorded by K.M. Rychkov
Authors: Fujishiro Setsu
Published: January 2023

The Dolgan language, a small Turkic language in far north Russia, has experienced a complicated process of language formation caused by close language contact, mixture, language shift, and so on. The number of speakers is about 5000– 6000, according to the 2002 Russian census. The language is not so different from Yakut. However, the Dolgan language plays a role in supporting the identity of the Dolgan people. A linguist, social activist, and ethnographer Konstantin Mikhajlovich Rychkov (1882–1923) recorded abundant linguistic and ethnographic materials about Samoyed, Tungusic, and Turkic peoples in Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century. His fieldwork records are now preserved at the Museum of Ethnography and the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (both institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences) in St. Petersburg. In this paper, I report a song of marriage in proto-Dolgan found among the unpublished linguistic material compiled by Rychkov. Here, the text of the song is in three ways: 1) transcribed text by Rychkov with its Romanised transliteration; 2) edited text with identified words; 3) meaning of the text (my translation), though almost of all these three are so far tentative. The photos of the text by Rychkov are also attached. In this song, we can see some characteristics of the linguistic environment at the time.
On boasting, fear, shouting, and poetry. Engl. brag, Engl. brawl, OE brōga, and OI bragr/Bragi
Authors: Liberman Anatoly
Published: January 2023

The English verb brag turned up in texts in the 14th century. The obsolete adjective brag ‘boastful’ antedates it in texts by about fifty years. The origin of both entails several difficulties: (1) words for boasting are usually “low” (slangy), and slang tends to defy etymologizing; (2) words beginning with br- often refer to noise, and, since they are onomatopoeic, they can violate sound correspondences; (3) brag resembles several words in other languages, and it remains unclear whether it and its look-alikes elsewhere are native in their languages or borrowed. Outside English, the words with which brag has especially often been compared are Dutch bragg(h)eren, Middle Danish brage, Welsh bragal, and Middle French braguer, all of them meaning ‘to make a lot of noise’ or ‘boast, vaunt, brag’. Some of them are native; others are borrowed. Side by side with brag, verbs with the infix n have been attested: Middle Dutch bronken and brunken. Finally, there were Old Icelandic Bragi ‘the name of the god of poetry’, bragr ‘poetry’, and bragnar ‘men; warriors’. The Dutch verb braggeren was attested late and therefore could not be the source of Middle Engl. brag. Welsh bragal and its Celtic congeners appear to have been borrowed from English. The meaning of the Old Icelandic words is too remote from the recorded senses of brag, so that they are at best related to the English adjective and verb. However, brag may not be as isolated as is usually believed. Old English had the noun brōga ‘terror; danger; prodigy’. Its origin is unknown, and one obscure word cannot elucidate another word, equally obscure, but brōga was not a chance coinage, for it had an exact counterpart in Old High German (bruoga). Nothing prevents us from looking upon brōga and brag as related by ablaut.
Mineralogie und Mythologie. Aus den iranischen-griechischen Lehnwortbeziehungen
Authors: Loma Aleksandar
Published: January 2023

The present paper is an attempt to reconsider three Greek mineralogical terms: νάφθα ‘petroleum’, σανδαράκη ‘realgar, sandarac’ and σάνδυξ ‘a bright red mineral colour’ by tracing them back to Old Iranian etymons inspired by mythological representations. In view of the Middle Persian naft ‘petroleum’ homonymous with the word for ‘moisture, steam’, Greek νάφθα is traditionally believed to go back to an Old Persian source meaning ‘wet’. However, this is semantically unattractive; more probably OPers. *napta‑ derives from the inflectional stem napt‑ of napāt‑ ‘grandson, nephew’, whose strong stem may be recognised in Νάπας, the name of an oil well in the mountains of Persia according to Hesychius, whereas the heteroclitic stem of the same word naptar‑ occurs, as νεφθαρ, in 2 Maccabees 1, 36, designating the petroleum in a context strongly impregnated by Old Persian rites and beliefs. Underlying such a denomination of the mineral oil is presumably the mythological “Fire in water” theme, personified in the ‘Descendant of the Waters’, Vedic Apām Napāt, a hypostasis of the fire‑god Agni, Avestan Apąm Nap, a deity protecting the royal glory (Khvarenah) in the depths of the sea Vourukasha. Traceable back to the common Indo‑Iranian prehistory, the origin of this figure might be due to the natural gas phenomena in Caspian basin.
Compound tenses in Ossetic. A preliminary report
Authors: Pisowicz Andrzej
Published: January 2023

The aim of the article is to draw linguists’ attention to the Ossetic periphrastical verbal expressions consisting of the gerund in -гæ and the verb кæнын ‘to do’. The author expresses the view that such constructions are new compund tenses in statu nascendi.
Le petit dictionaire de Jean Palerne (1584) et sa partie turque
Authors: Rocchi Luciano
Published: January 2023

Jean Palerne, a high official at the service of the brother of Henry Ⅲ of France, made a long journey through the Ottoman Empire between 1581 and 1583. After returning to France, he wrote a travel account (1584), with a short dictionary in six languages (French. Italian, Greek, Turkish, Arabic, Serbian or Croatian) as a companion, composed of wordlists and phrases. The work was published for the first time in 1606 in Lyon. Recently, it was edited by Y. Bernard in 1991 in Paris, with the aforementioned companion included, but without any linguistic comment to it. The purpose of this paper was to carry out an in-depth analysis of all the Turkish nominal elements present in Palerne’s dictionary. This material was first examined according to its graphematic, phonetic and lexical features – Palerne uses the Latin script and therefore his work belongs to the so-called transcription texts. Secondly, a glossary of the Turkish words in alphabetical order was provided, taking into account the variant readings of the two editions (1606 and 1991), which are often quite different.
Terms for ‘pig’ and ‘wild boar’ in the Manchu language
Authors: Tulisow Jerzy
Published: January 2023

In the culture of the Manchu people and peoples related to them an important role is played by the pig and the wild boar. Therefore, it is worth examining the Manchu vocabulary connected with these animals, especially that, so far, it has not drawn anybody’s attention. In the present paper the author deals with only a part of this vocabulary, albeit the most important: the names of the species (‘pig’, ‘wild boar’) and the names of individual animals determined by their shape and age. In search of their primary meaning and etymology the author brings material from many other languages, mainly Tungusic.
Some Tofalar etymologies
Authors: Vovin Alexander
Published: January 2023

While Marek Stachowski has cogently demonstrated the presence of loanwords from Turkic and other “Altaic” languages in Yeniseian (1996, 1997), I try to look at language contact in Central Siberia from a different angle. Namely, the present article proposes several Yeniseian etymologies for some words in Tofalar and other Siberian Turkic languages that have been previously considered to be of unknown origin (Rassadin 1971). This is just a preliminary study, but since in addition to the cultural vocabulary, we also find some very “basic” words like ‘nose’, it is possible to surmise that Yeniseian linguistic influence on Siberian Turkic, and especially Sayan Turkic languages has been quite extensive in the past.
Polish tatarka ‘Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.’ and ‘Fagopyrum esculentum Moench’ in a Slavic and European context
Authors: Waniakowa Jadwiga
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the names of two species of plant which have “Tartar” associations in the Polish language. The author is talking about gryka tatarska, also known as gryka tatarka, i.e. Fagopyrum tataricum (L.). Gaertn., known for short as tatarka (KLRN), and common buckwheat, i.e. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, syn. Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. The names for common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat in Slavic and European languages indicate that both species have eastern origins. These names suggest that Greeks, Tartars and “pagans” in general can take most credit for the spread of these plants. The name tatarka, attesting to the fact that the Tartars acted as intermediaries in the spread of buckwheat, first emerged on Polish soil and from there spread to Slovakia, Eastern Moravia in the modern day Czech Republic, to Ukrainian dialects bordering Slovakia, to Hungarian dialects and even to Romanian dialects. It is fairly likely that it was also the source of German names of the type Taterkorn and Tater.
Ancient Greeks on compounds. Aristotle, Dionysius Thrax, Apollonius Dyscolus
Authors: Wolanin Hubert
Published: January 2023

The article presents the manner in which the phenomenon of compoundhood was analysed and interpreted in the most representative texts of Greek linguistic thought, that is in Aristotle’s writings, in Tekhne grammatike attributed to Dionysius Thrax and in Apollonius Dyscolus’ treatise On Syntax. Comparison of the appropriate passages from those works leads to the conclusion that each presents or discusses the phenomenon in question in the context of a different set of issues it raises. Thus, Aristotle examines compoundhood primarily from the point of view of its potential influence on the functional semantics of names, which is mainly perceived in logical terms. Tekhne grammatike in turn concentrates on the problem of locating compoundhood within the structure of grammatical properties of words and determining in this way its relation to other derivational and inflectional properties. Finally, Apollonius Dyscolus attempts to point out the criteria that make it possible to distinguish compoundhood from syntactic complexity, which is related to the necessity of establishing the fundamental definitional properties of the word as a linguistic unit opposed to the phrase. In this way compoundhood found its way into Greek linguistics as a phenomenon analysed from the point of view of problems it may pose in the areas of semantics, morphology and syntax.
Interrogative in Chuvash
Authors: Yilmaz Emine
Published: January 2023

Similar to other languages of the world, Turkic languages have two types of interrogative sentences with regard to function: general interrogative sentences and interrogative sentences for obtaining specific information. As is known, Chuvash belongs to the Oguric group of the Turkic languages. The ancestors of the Chuvash separated from the main Turkic group more than one and a half millennium ago. Therefore, Chuvash has retained some archaic features not preserved in other Turkic languages. This paper compares the formation of interrogative sentences in Chuvash and Common Turkic, and draws attention to the similarities and differences between them.
Filozofia i kultura w czasach przełomu: Studia i materiały z badań historiozoficznych
Authors: Karas Marcin
Published: January 2023

On the pages of this book we consider over a dozen threads from the history of philosophy, science, technology and culture, and on this basis formulate more general conclusions in each category, beyond the conventional limits of epochs and philosophical systems. This makes it possible to draw general speculative conclusions from the examined material, and allows more systemic reflection, which helps uncover in the individual topics further content hidden underneath the monographic analysis or issues visible only in a broader perspective of time and space. Such an analysis is an additional advantage of the previous work on specific issues. In addition, such considerations will be more philosophical than a mere presentation of a given problem and its source analysis. Each chapter begins with the statement of a problem, followed by a discussion on the nature of the issues under consideration and the relevant historiosophical topics that can be addressed with regard to them. A given issue will be discussed at an appropriate level of generality, but always taking into account accurate historical information and details from a given field of knowledge necessary for unambiguous consideration of the issues raised. High methodological awareness, clarity of argumentation and terminological consistency should be the primary characteristics of this research.
RegTech Adoption and the Cost of Capital
Authors: Lai Sandy , Lin Chen , Ma Xiaorong
Published: January 2023

This paper studies the cost of capital effect of a major regulatory technology, or RegTech, event: the staggered implementation of the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system of the Securities and Exchange Commission in the period from 1993 to 1996. This event represents a largely exogenous shock to corporate information dissemination technologies, resulting in a considerable reduction in information acquisition costs for investors. Using a difference-in-differences research design, we show that the cost of equity capital declines substantially after a firm switches from paper filing to mandatory electronic filing in EDGAR. The effect is stronger for small firms and firms with low analyst coverage and low institutional ownership. We identify three channels through which EDGAR affects a firm’s cost of capital: the liquidity, risk-taking, and corporate governance channels. EDGAR implementation also improves a firm’s investment efficiency significantly. We find evidence that the marginal value of a firm’s capital investment and cash is higher during the post-EDGAR period.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.

Funding: C. Lin acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation of China [Grant 72192841] and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China [Project HKU R7054-18 and T35/710/20R]. S. Lai acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [Grants 107-2410-H-002-038-MY3 and 110-2410-H-002-079-MY2] and the E. Sun Academic Award. X. Ma acknowledges research support from the University of Macau [Grants SRG2019-00158-FBA and MYRG2020-00259-FBA].

Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4660 .
ASSOCIAÇÃO DO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL COM ESPESSURA DO MÚSCULO ADUTOR DO POLEGAR E ESCORE FISIOLÓGICO AGUDO SIMPLIFICADO EM PACIENTES DE UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Correia Stevenson Braga Mariana , Leo Pacheco Marcelo Thaís , Fernandez Mônica , Torloni Gradinar Ana Lúcia , Almada Colucci Paternez Ana Carolina
Published: January 2023

Introdução: O uso rotineiro de índices prognósticos e indicadores para avaliação do estado nutricional pode ter impactos decisivos sobre as chances de reabilitação e sobrevivência em pacientes críticos. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência de desnutrição em pacientes admitidos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e verificar a associação entre a espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (EMAP) e o índice de prognóstico Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS III) com o estado nutricional dos pacientes. Materiais e métodos: Foram avaliados 60 pacientes admitidos na UTI adulto. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi realizada nas primeiras 48 horas de internação, por meio do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e pela adequação da circunferência de braço (CB). A EMAP foi coletada na mão não dominante e os valores de SAPS III foram calculados e fornecidos pelos médicos responsáveis pela UTI. Resultados: A prevalência de desnutrição foi de 25% segundo IMC e de 35% segundo a porcentagem de adequação da CB. Os pacientes eutróficos apresentaram valores médios da EMAP significativamente menores quando comparados com os indivíduos com excesso de peso, de acordo com o IMC. Os indivíduos desnutridos, segundo adequação da CB, apresentaram valores médios de EMAP significativamente menores quando comparados com os indivíduos com excesso de peso. Conclusões: A prevalência de desnutrição entre os pacientes variou entre 25 e 35%, conforme indicador utilizado. Os valores médios de EMAP foram diferentes segundo estado nutricional e não foi observada associação entre o estado nutricional e o índice prognóstico SAPS III.