bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La representación de la mujer en las plataformas de streaming: análisis de personajes femeninos en la narrativa ficcional de La Casa de Papel (2017) de Netflix
Authors:   , Retamozo Cuadros Silvia Vanessa
Published: February 2024

La industria audiovisual ha ido proponiendo nuevos perfiles de representación femenina que buscan, de cierta forma, desestimar los paradigmas tradicionales de género grávidos del sexismo impuesto por un sistema social cada vez más distante de la realidad. Así, las producciones de ficción otorgan protagonismos, antes impensados, a las mujeres. Con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre esta renovada representación de los roles femeninos, el presente artículo analiza la célebre serie de Netflix La Casa de Papel (2017). Para ello se aplica un análisis de personajes de carácter cualitativo según la propuesta teórica-metodológica de Francesco Casetti y Federico Di Chio y Galán-Fajardo. De este modo, es posible reconocer las dimensiones psicológicas, sociales y narrativas de los personajes a fin de determinar si aparecen estereotipos que refuerzan una conceptualización patriarcalista de la mujer o, por el contrario, aspectos que cuestionan y transforman este molde, desarrollando una representación femenina disruptiva a partir de la narrativa ficcional.
Evaluación de la sostenibilidad en tres fundos agrícolas de palto en el centro poblado Santa Rosalía (Huaura-Lima)
Authors:   , Juárez Laguna Ynés de Fátima
Published: February 2024

Los cultivos perennes como el palto generan menos impactos negativos en los sistemas agrícolas, ya que garantizan la seguridad alimentaria y mejoran la productividad de la tierra. Si estos cultivos son manejados de manera sostenible, se podrían obtener grandes beneficios ambientales, económicos y sociales limitando el uso de los recursos naturales. Se determinó la sostenibilidad en dos tipos de sistemas de producción: orgánico y convencional, en los fundos “FO”, “FC1” y “FC2”, ubicados en el Centro Poblado Santa Rosalía en Huaura, para ello se empleó la metodología MESMIS (Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de recursos naturales incorporando Indicadores de Sostenibilidad) para la caracterización y construcción de cinco indicadores por dimensión: ambiental, económica y social, en base a puntos críticos representativos que fueron determinados por medio de entrevistas a los productores agrícolas, observación en campo y análisis en conjunto, además se realizó el análisis de caracterización de suelos de los fundos. Los indicadores seleccionados fueron: 1) N° de prácticas agronómicas, 2) salud del suelo, 3) eficiencia de riego, 4) tipo de energía, 5) fertilización y manejo de plagas, 6) área de producción, 7) rendimiento, 8) margen de ganancia, 9) estabilidad de precios, 10) independencia externa de insumos, 11) fuerza de trabajo familiar, 12) capacitación y asistencia técnica, 13) trabajo adicional, 14) visión y concepto del sistema y 15) participación en asociación, los cuales se midieron mediante una escala del 1 al 4 teniendo en cuenta valores óptimos para cada uno y se elaboraron gráficos radiales por dimensión. El fundo orgánico destacó en la sostenibilidad ambiental a diferencia de los fundos convencionales, los tres fundos alcanzaron nivel sostenible en las dimensiones económica y social. Sin embargo, existen puntos críticos que, con cambios en el manejo de estos, se lograrían mejores resultados.
Relación entre hábitos alimentarios y estrés académico en estudiantes de Enfermería en una Universidad Privada De Lima Sur
Authors:   , Guizado Rupailla Edith Melissa
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Determinar la relación que hay entre hábitos alimentarios y estrés académico en estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad privada de Lima sur. En cuanto a la hipótesis existe una relación entre los hábitos alimentarios y estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada de Lima sur. Materiales y métodos: La investigación fue tipo aplicada, transversal, no experimental, nivel correlacional y de enfoque cuantitativo, incluye a una muestra de 233 estudiantes de enfermería de ambos sexos, de una universidad privada de Lima sur, 2022-I. Asimismo, el muestreo fue probabilístico, los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de hábitos alimentarios de Manzano (2018) con un alpha de Cronbach de 0,78 y el cuestionario Sisco v21 de Barraza A. 2018, cuya confiablidad según alpha de Cronbach es de 0,85. De igual manera para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba chi cuadrado. Resultado: El 59.7% de los estudiantes de enfermería tuvo habito alimentario no saludable y en cuanto al estrés académico se obtuvo el resultado de 42.1% nivel de estrés moderado en relación al estrés académico y habito alimentario se obtuvo 46.0% nivel de estrés severo y alimentación no saludable. La relación entre ambas variables tuvo un valor de p=0.057. Conclusiones: No existe relación entre hábitos alimentarios y estrés académico en estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad privada de Lima.
Estado actual, características y tendencias de la producción científica mundial sobre anemia en niños y adolescentes: estudio bibliométrico (2011 - 2020)
Authors:   , Rios Lopez Sebastian , Flores Briones Keyla Carolina
Published: February 2024

Introducción: Tanto en el ámbito nacional como en el internacional, la anemia se posiciona como uno de los mayores desafíos de la salud pública. Esta afecta principalmente a niños, adolescentes y mujeres en edad reproductiva y se manifiesta en diversas formas etiológicas. Con el propósito de examinar la producción científica mundial sobre anemia en niños y adolescentes enfocándonos en la base de datos SCOPUS, en un periodo comprendido entre 2011 y 2020, se plantea el presente estudio bibliométrico. Métodos: Se hizo uso de la plataforma SCOPUS como fuente principal de datos para recopilar los manuscritos relevantes en anemia en niños y adolescentes de 2011 a 2020. Los datos .csv fueron exportados SciVal para el análisis de tópicos más publicados, colaboraciones, instituciones con más publicaciones, productividad por categoría de revista, revistas con más publicaciones, especialidades médicas con más artículos y autores con más publicaciones. Resultados: De los 1784 manuscritos reportados, se demostró que el año 2020 tuvo el mayor número de publicaciones con 33, 19, 13, 15 artículos en los cuartiles Q1 (25% superior), Q2 (26-50% superior), Q3 (51-75% superior) y Q4 (76-100% superior) respectivamente. La Universidad de Pensilvania (EE. UU.), la Universidad Johns Hopkins (EE. UU.) y el Colegio de Medicina Baylor (EE. UU.) fueron las tres instituciones con mayor producción de artículos. Los tres primeros lugares fueron para Pediatric Blood and Cancer, Public Health Nutrition y Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology con 20, 12 y 11 publicaciones respectivamente. Conclusiones: En los últimos años, se ha evidenciado un aumento en la cantidad de publicaciones referidas a la anemia en niños y adolescentes, experimentando un notorio aumento a partir del año 2015. En términos de producción científica, Estados Unidos, Egipto y Canadá se posicionan como los países líderes en este ámbito.
Estimación de la población canina con dueño y sus características generales en el distrito de Los Olivos, Lima - Perú, 2021
Authors:   , Zapata Castro Mitchel Luciana
Published: February 2024

La finalidad de este estudio fue estimar la población canina únicamente con dueño y variables como, cantidad de mascotas por vivienda, raza, sexo, edad, tamaño, utilidad, alimentación, frecuencia de atención con el médico veterinario, desparasitaciones, vacuna antirrábica, esterilización de los animales, permanencia del can en la vivienda, formas para salir a la calle, empleo de bozal, uso de bolsas para recojo de heces, pleitos con otros perros y humanos, esperanza de vida, conocimiento del propietario sobre enfermedades zoonóticas y conocimientos sobre la acción ante la mordedura de un perro; todo esto se realizó en el distrito de Los Olivos, Lima – Perú, 2021. Para esto se encuestaron 788 domicilios elegidos por un muestreo aleatorio estratificado por zonas. Características de los canes, predomina la raza mestiza 50.05%, el sexo macho 56.24%, el tamaño mediano 38,47%, la utilidad de mascota 98,63%, se encuentran esterilizados el 15.22%, han sido desparasitados internamente 94,62%, le aplicaron vacuna antirrábica 2021 77,12%. La edad promedio fue 3.45 años y la esperanza de vida fue 6.98 años. Características de los dueños, ofrecen alimentación mixta 74,91%, visitan al veterinario cada 6 meses 39,32%, salen 2 a 3 veces al día 84,34% , salen acompañados y con correa 80,43%, emplean bolsas para recoger las heces 78.11%, el 11,74% utilizan bozal, alguno de sus canes han peleado/mordido a otro perro 26,16% y han mordido a un persona 9,96%, aplicación vacunación antirrábica 2019 en VANCAN 50,18%, el 17,64% sabe qué hacer ante la mordedura de un perro y el 59.9% conoce las enfermedades zoonóticas. La población canina estimada fue 88556. La relación persona: can fue 3.68 y la media de canes por hogar fue 1.39. Los resultados obtenidos son de utilidad para mejorar y planificar campañas de salud y tenencia responsable de mascotas en la municipalidad distrital.
Evaluación de niveles de presión sonora generados por el tránsito vehicular en horario diurno en las zonas comerciales del distrito de Santiago de Surco (Lima)
Authors:   , Castro Sanchez Elvis Manuel
Published: February 2024

En la presente investigación se evaluó los niveles de presión sonora generados por el tránsito vehicular en las distintas zonas comerciales como: Comercial Vecinal (CV), Comercial Metropolitano (CM) y Comercial Zonal (CZ) del distrito de Santiago de Surco, para ello se llevó a cabo un monitoreo de ruido ambiental conformado por treinta puntos de monitoreo distribuidos en las distintas zonas comerciales, además, se realizó un conteo vehicular y se elaboró un mapa de ruido en la zona en mención. Los datos finales del monitoreo de ruido ambiental indican que, entre los 30 puntos de monitoreo distribuidos en toda la zona comercial, el nivel de presión sonora de 10 puntos de monitoreo supera el Estándar Nacional de Calidad Ambiental de ruido. Asimismo, los mayores niveles de presión sonora registrados fueron en la Zona Comercial Zonal esto debido a que son avenidas con vías de acceso directas a los mercados lo cual genera mayor flujo y congestión vehicular. Debido a ello se plantearon medidas de mitigación con el objetivo de reducir los niveles de ruido ambiental en todas las áreas afectadas.
Factores asociados a la calidad de sueño en contexto COVID-19 en estudiantes de Medicina de 3 facultades
Authors:   , Vargas Rojas Angello Gustavo , Vilchez Garcia Felipe Eduardo
Published: February 2024

Introducción: Los estudiantes de medicina comúnmente tienen problemas de sueño por múltiples factores, incluyendo los generados por la pandemia de COVID-19, afectando la formación académica al cambiar repentinamente a educación virtual. El confinamiento alteró el hábito de los estudiantes, incluyendo la actividad física, lo que abre oportunidades para investigar factores relacionados con la calidad del sueño. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la calidad de sueño en contexto COVID-19 en estudiantes de medicina de 3 facultades Material y métodos: El estudio es observacional, analítico y transversal. La muestra es de estudiantes de medicina humana de tres universidades (n=506). La encuesta se realizó mediante el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI) que mide la mala calidad del sueño, preguntas demográficas, relacionadas al contexto COVID-19, clases virtuales y actividad física durante la pandemia. Resultados: Se encontró mala calidad del sueño en 87,9% de los estudiantes, además asociación entre mala calidad de sueño con presentar un familiar con COVID-19 (p=0,032), familiar con factores de riesgo de COVID-19 (P=0.001) y cursar ciencias básicas (p=0.001). En el análisis multivariado, los estudiantes en ciencias clínicas tienen 0.9 veces menos prevalencia de mala calidad de sueño. Conclusiones: La calidad de sueño es mala en los estudiantes de medicina en contexto de COVID–19, además se encontraron factores relacionados a la mala calidad de sueño. Es importante realizar medidas para fomentar la adecuada higiene de sueño y mejorar el desarrollo de clases virtuales, así como realizar más estudios para encontrar asociación con diferentes variables.
Eficacia antimicrobiana del uso del enjuague bucal con cloruro de cetilpiridinio en procedimientos que generan aerosoles. Revisión sitemática.
Authors:   , Arce Toribio Jackeline Paola
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la eficacia antimicrobiana de los colutorios a base de cloruro de Cetilpiridinio (CPC), previo a tratamientos dentales que generen aerosol. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica hasta agosto del 2021 en cinco bases de datos: MEDLINE (vía PubMed), SCOPUS, SCIELO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECAs), basándose en la pregunta PICOS, que compare la eficacia del colutorio a base de cloruro de Cetilpiridinio (CPC) con otro colutorio, placebo o agua, previo a un tratamiento dental que genere aerosol, en los idiomas español, inglés o portugués y sin límite de tiempo. El riesgo de los estudios incluidos se evaluó con la herramienta RoB 2.0. Número de registro PROSPERO N° CRD42021275982. Se obtuvo un total de 120 artículos en la búsqueda preliminar, descartando aquellos que no cumplían con los criterios de selección, quedando sólo 3articulos. Estos artículos informaron que el uso de CPC es efectivo para la reducción de bacterias durante el procedimiento de profilaxis con ultrasonido. El uso de los enjuagues bucales a base de CPC previo al tratamiento dental de profilaxis con ultrasonido sólo tiene eficacia antibacteriana.
A New Approach for Station Location and Route Planning of Customized Bus: An Empirical Study in Beijing
Authors: Wu Zhuang , Chang Yi , Shang Huayan , Wu Zhewei , Yang Yanni
Published: February 2024

As a new public transport service mode, customized bus (CB) can meet the diversified and personalized travel needs of residents. However, it is difficult for bus operators to make precise customizations. In this paper, considering the characteristic of variable CB stations and passenger demand, a mixed integer programming model is developed for the CB bus route design, and a two-stage heuristic with CW saving algorithm and variable neighborhood search is proposed. The proposed methodology is validated using a real-world transit network in Beijing. The results show that the occupancy rates of the most CB bus lines designed in this paper can reach 100%, and the average occupancy rate can reach 91.67%.
Sustainable water management in purpose-built student accommodation
Authors: Zang Jian , Kumar Manish , Werner David
Published: February 2024

Purpose-built student accommodation is a rapidly growing residence type in the United Kingdom with unique water management challenges that include high building occupancy, involvement of multiple stakeholders, and no direct linkage between occupants’ bills and their water use. We report on successful interventions to monitor and reduce significant baseflow that initially accounted for 42% of the annual water demand in three accommodation blocks housing 240 students at Newcastle University. Building-level water consumption monitoring and audits identified faulty, continuously running toilets as the main reason for such high baseflow. Each faulty toilet wasted between 4,800 to 12,000 litres per day of potable water, equivalent to the baseflow corrected water use of between 47 and 106 students, meaning that toilet faults are high impact events in terms of sustainable water management. Subsequent building management, maintenance team, and student occupant engagements reduced baseflows within three years by 46%, resulting in water bill savings five times higher than the monitoring costs. We conclude that rapid identification and repair of faulty toilets supported by smart metering has high water savings potential and low costs in comparison with alternative institutional water efficiency measures such as installing rainwater harvesting systems or ultralow water use appliances.
Synopsis: Monitoring and communication interventions cost-effectively reduce significant leakage from toilets in student accommodation.
Half Dose Alteplase or Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Pulmonary Embolism with Intermediate-High risk: Real life Study at Tertiary Hospital
Authors: UNAT Ömer Selim , KORKMAZ Pervin , CINKOOGLU Akin , CAN Ozge , SOYDAN Elton , BAYRAKTAROGLU Selen , COK Gursel , BACAKOGLU Feza , ERDINC Munevver , SAVAS Recep , AKARCA Funda KARBEK , NALBANTGİL Sanem , CINAR Celal , UYAR Mehmet , DEMIRAG Kubilay , YAGDI Tahir , ENGİN Cagatay
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim:
Using thrombolytics in intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism (PE) patients or not is a controversial issue. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and complications of half-dose alteplase and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) administration in PE patients with intermediate-high risk.
Material and Methods: The patients diagnosed with intermediate-high risk PE at Ege University Medical Faculty Hospital between 01.01.2016 – 13.02.2023 were included in the study. The patients diagnosed with PE after the establishment of Ege Pulmonary Embolism Team (EGEPET) (2.10.2018) formed the prospective part with the thrombolytic group. The retrospective part-anticoagulation group- included the cases treated with LMWH before EGEPET. Two treatment groups were compared in terms of the one-month mortality and the one-year mortality as primary outcomes.
Results: No difference was found regarding the age, comorbidities and vital findings between thrombolytic group and anticoagulation group. Only, the pulse value was higher in the thrombolytic group (p=0,032). After the treatment, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased significantly, and the pulse rate decreased significantly in the thrombolytic group. Improvement was only seen in the pulse rate in the anticoagulation group. There was no major bleeding in both groups. One-month mortality in thrombolytic group was found in 4 patients (6.7%), while that was observed in 6 patients (15.8%) treated with LMWH (p=0,18). One-year mortality rates were 13.7% and 26.3% respectively (p=0,17).
Conclusion: PaO2/FiO2 ratio improved significantly and rapidly in patients treated with thrombolysis. Even one-month and one-year mortality rates were reduced in thrombolytic group, but this difference was not found statistically significant.
Maturing conditions as a new factor influencing synergistic effect of Au-Ag within luminescent bimetallic nanocomposites
Authors: Svačinová Veronika , Pluháček Tomáš , Petr Martin , Šišková Karolína
Published: February 2024

Gold-silver synergism has been well documented in many scientific works already. Frequently, the ratio of Au : Ag in synthetic mixtures was varied to influence the extent of Au-Ag synergism. However, in our approach, a new step, maturing (under differing conditions) of the luminescent bimetallic samples entrapped in a protein, has been introduced and applied for the very first time. The maturing conditions involved either prolonged time (2.5h vs. 0 min) and/or elevated temperature (50°C vs. room temperature). The prolonged time of samples maturing progressively influenced Au-Ag synergism (documented by fluorescent quantum yield increase); while elevated temperature during samples maturing led rather to changes of the protein secondary structure (determined by circular dichroism) and stagnation of Au-Ag synergism effect. Importantly, the selected maturing conditions led to significant increase of nanocluster sizes and broadening of particle size distribution as evidenced by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results unravel that Au-Ag synergism can be tuned by setting appropriate maturing conditions of bimetallic nanoclusters embedded in the protein scaffold. Maturing conditions thus represent a new factor in the viewpoint of Au-Ag synergism extent.
Predicting Lung Cancer Development using a Multimodal Longitudinal Feature Analysis Framework
Authors: Xiao Ning , Han Jiahao , Qiang Yan , Zhao Juanjuan , Geng Yan
Published: February 2024

The prediction of pulmonary nodules being canceration is of vital importance to the diagnosis and treatment of early lungadenocarcinoma. However, most traditional research paradigms only focus on image data at a single point in time, whichmakes it easy to ignore the correlation of lung computer tomography (CT) at multiple points in time. Based on the the correlationbetween longitudinal images and medical characteristics of patients with pulmonary nodules, a multimodal feature analysisframework is proposed in this paper.The multimodal analysis framework systematically evaluates the risk of cancer progressionin patients by incorporating diverse sources of information, including radiological features, depth features, and relevant riskfactors within lung cancer imaging. The experiment result show that the accuracy of nodule canceration prediction reached89.15%, which proved the effectiveness of the method proposed in this study. This comprehensive framework holds greatpromise in contributing to more precise diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies in the context of lung cancer.
The Impact of Delay From Diagnosis to Surgeryin Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Zouzoulas Dimitrios , Tsolakidis Dimitrios , Karalis Tilemachos , Aristotelidis Michalis , Topalidou Maria , Grimbizis Grigorios
Published: February 2024

Purpose
When oncological waiting lists are prolonged, gynecological-oncology units are forced to delay operations, especially for endometrial cancer (EC) due to its good prognosis among gynecological cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of delay in the oncological outcomes of these patients.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of all women with EC treated in our clinic, 2012–2019. Delay was calculated as the time interval between histological diagnosis of endometrial biopsy and definite surgery. The cut-off point was set at 8 weeks. Patients’ characteristics, treatment options and follow-up information were collected. Primary outcomes were the need of adjuvant treatment and survival rates.
Results
259 patients met the inclusion criteria. Based on the 8-week cutoff point patients were divided into two groups: 119 underwent surgery up to 8-weeks (group A) and 140 over 8-weeks (group B). There was no statistical difference in the FIGO stage or the pre-operative CA125 level between the two groups. However, patients in group A were younger, with lower BMI and less comorbidities. Furthermore, patients in group B had a significantly higher probability of receiving pelvic radiation with or without brachytherapy (p = 0.0053). Concerning survival rates, there was a statistically difference in disease-free (p = 0.0312), but no difference was found in overall survival (p = 0.146).
Conclusion
Delaying EC surgery over 8 weeks may not have an impact on the mortality of the patients, but increases the need of adjuvant pelvic radiation and worsens recurrence rates. As a result, patients experience more side effects which subsequently had negative impact on their quality of life.
Pathogenic Spectrum and Risk Factors of Peritoneal Dialysis-associated Peritonitis: A Single-center Retrospective Study
Authors: You Linshuang , Zhang Baoguo , Zhang Fan , Wang Jianwen
Published: February 2024

The present study aimed to explore the pathogenic spectrum and risk factors of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) in Yongzhou, Hunan, China. The clinical and epidemiological data on regular peritoneal dialysis (PD) between January 2016 and December 2020 in Yongzhou were collected for retrospective analysis. The related factors of peritonitis were evaluated by single-factor analysis, while risk factors of refractory PDAP were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.172/331 172 (51.9%) patients developed peritonitis. The risk factors of PDAP in PD patients included high C-reactive protein (CRP), low albumin, low hemoglobin (Hb), low educational level (junior high school or lower), preference of spicy food, irregular diet, low annual household income, unfavorable fluid exchange conditions, unstable employment (including working as a farmer), and unfavorable humidity conditions (P < 0.05). 63/172 (36.6%) PDAP patients were intractable cases with a pathogenic bacteria positive rate of 74.60% in the peritoneal dialysate cultures, and 109/172 patients were non-intractable cases with a pathogenic bacteria positive rate of 53.21%. Gram-positive bacteria (G+) were detected in most of the dialysate cultures, with Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) as the most common type, while Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common Gram-negative bacteria (G-). G + bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid, while G- bacteria were sensitive to imipenem and amikacin. Lifestyle, educational level, and environmental factors are the major contributors to PDAP in PD patients. Fungal and multi-bacterial infections are the major causes of death; PD is stopped for such patients.
Pressure Ulcers and associated factors among adult patients admitted to The Surgical Wards in the Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Of The Northwest Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Habtamu , Zemene Workie , Tesfaye Mrs.Eleny
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Pressure ulcers are a serious concern in patients with prolonged bedtime and present with common complications following surgery. It is one of the key performance indicators of the quality of nursing care provided to patients. Several studies have reported the prevalence of pressure ulcers in Ethiopia. There is a lack of evidence regarding its prevalence and associated factors in the current study area. The main objective of this study was to assess pressure ulcers and their associated factors among adult patients admitted to the surgical ward of the Amhara Regional Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia in,2023.
Method: An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 15 to June 19, 2023, in Northwest Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 480 patients. Descriptive data are presented as absolute numbers with percentages, and multivariate analysis was used to assess the statistical associations between associated factors and pressure ulcers. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results: A total of 49 pressure ulcers were detected among 480 patients. a prevalence rate of 10.2%, 95% CI (7.7, 12.9). Participants who had smoked (95% CI: AOR 7.46 (2.64,21.06), were bedridden (95% CI: AOR 3.92 (1.28, 11.66), had length of hospital stay of 21 days (95% CI: AOR 3.01 (1.13, 8.02), had pain (95% CI: AOR 3.20 (1.06, 7.51), or had friction and shear (95% CI: AOR 5.71 (1.91, 17.08), were found to be significant factors associated with pressure ulcers.
Conclusion: This study showed that a high percentage of PUs among patients had pressure ulcers. Smoking status, pain, bedridden status, friction and shear problems, and length of hospital stay were significantly associated with pressure ulcers. Healthcare providers should educate patients about smoking risks, pain management, mattress installation, and linen care.
Statistical Analysis for Rating Scale in Clinical Trials
Authors: Shi Mengyao , Chow Shein-Chung
Published: February 2024

In psychiatry clinical trials, an instrument or questionnaire with rating scale is often used to access safety and efficacy of a test treatment under investigation. Statistical analysis based on the collected rating scale is then performed a determine whether there is an improvement in endpoint change from baseline mean scale. This approach needs on absolute change, however, may not actually reflect the performance of the test treatment under study because the change, which may be considered of clinically importance, may fall within the same category in terms of disease severity such as mild, moderate, and severe. In this case, it is suggested, in addition to absolute change approach, a categorical shift analysis be considered to determine whether the endpoint change from baseline has resulted in an improvement in categorical shift, in terms of disease severity shift e.g., from severe to mild or moderate. In this article, we explore the relationship between absolute change approach and categorical shift analysis based on rating scales for assessment of test treatment under study.
Interrogation of the human cortical peptidome uncovers cell-type specific signatures of cognitive resilience against Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Morgan Georgia R. , Carlyle Becky C.
Published: February 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by age-related cognitive decline. Brain accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles is required for a neuropathological AD diagnosis, yet up to one-third of AD-pathology positive community-dwelling elderly adults experience no symptoms of cognitive decline during life. Conversely, some exhibit chronic cognitive impairment in absence of measurable neuropathology, prompting interest into cognitive resilience – retained cognition despite significant neuropathology – and cognitive frailty – impaired cognition despite low neuropathology. Synapse loss is widespread within the AD-dementia, but not AD-resilient, brain. Recent evidence points towards critical roles for synaptic proteins, such as neurosecretory VGF, in cognitive resilience. However, VGF and related proteins often signal as peptide derivatives. Here, nontryptic peptidomic mass spectrometry was performed on 102 post-mortem cortical samples from individuals across cognitive and neuropathological spectra. Neuropeptide signalling proteoforms derived from VGF, somatostatin (SST) and protachykinin-1 (TAC1) showed higher abundance in AD-resilient than AD-dementia brain, whereas signalling proteoforms of cholecystokinin (CCK) and chromogranin (CHG) A/B and multiple cytoskeletal molecules were enriched in frail vs control brain. Integrating our data with publicly available single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) showed enrichment of cognition-related genes in defined cell-types with established links to cognitive resilience, including SST interneurons and excitatory intratelencephalic cells.
Agronomical and Morphological Diversity of Carob (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) Cultivars: A Case of a Semi-arid Region in Majorca (Spain)
Authors: Barceló-Anguiano Miguel , Llompart Miquel , Pou Jeroni , Luna Joana , Garau M. Carme
Published: February 2024

There is an increasing awareness of the potential usefulness of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) as a crop, due to its adaptability to agriculture in marginal lands and its capacity to confront foreseeable adverse climatic conditions. Moreover, in the food industry there is an increasing interest in this fruit as a functional ingredient, due to its physicochemical components and nutritional benefits. The species is traditionally cultivated in the Mediterranean region and a wide range of carob cultivars have been developed. The present work aims to evaluate yield and morphological pod and seed characteristics from 9 different cultivars from Majorca (Spain). Statistically significant differences were found among the cultivars for the characteristics examined, indicating a high genetic diversity. A correlation analysis between yield and morphological parameters exhibited a negative correlation between seed yield and pod width, length, weight and thickness; a positive correlation of pod weight with pod length, width and thickness, and negative correlation between seed weight and carob sex. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied in order to separate the different carob cultivars and establish three main groups. In the first of them, a great phenotypic diversity is evident. A two-dimensional model was found to be significant and explained 77.66% of the observed variability, the first component being mainly dominated by pod characteristics and seed yield (57.72%) and the second component mainly by seed parameters (19.94%).
On Power Calculation Based on Effect Size in Clinical Research
Authors: Zhang Yinuo , Chow Shein-Chung
Published: February 2024

Power analysis for sample size calculation (power calculation) plays an important role in clinical research to guarantee that we have sufficient power for detecting a clinically meaningful difference (treatment effect) at a pre-specified level of significance. In practice, however, there may be little or no information regarding the test treatment under study available. In this case, it is suggested that power calculation for detecting an anticipated effect size adjusted for standard deviation be performed. In practice, power calculation based on effect size is commonly considered for a quick assessment of sample size requirement. It reduces a two-parameter problem into a single parameter problem by taking both mean response and variability into consideration. However, this approach has been criticized that the resultant sample size may not guarantee that final clinical results are reproducible if the variability is large. In addition, for a fixed effect size, study endpoints of different data types cannot translate one another in terms of clinically meaningful differences. This article meant to provide a comprehensive summarization of the relationship between power calculation based on effect size and based on treatment effect in terms of different study endpoints of different data types.
Evaluation of the effect of empagliflozin on prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: zarei batool , Fazli Benyamin , Tayyebi Mohammad , Javedanfar Omid , Bayaz Reza Javidi Dasht , Rahmati Malihe , Ghavami Vahid , Amini Shahram , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of empagliflozin in preventing atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Methods
Eighty-two patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were allocated to the empagliflozin group (n = 43) or placebo group (n = 39). In two groups, patients received empagliflozin or placebo tablets three days before surgery and on the first three postoperative days (for six days) in addition to the standard regimen during hospitalization. During the first three days after surgery, types of arrhythmias after cardiac surgery, including supraventricular arrhythmias, especially postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), ventricular arrhythmias, and heart blocks, were assessed by electrocardiogram monitoring. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated on the pre-operatively and postoperative third day.
Results
The incidence of POAF in the treatment group was lower compared to the control group; however, this reduction was statistically non-significant (p = 0.09). The frequency of ventricular tachycardia reduced significantly in the treatment group versus patients in the control (p = 0.02). Also, a significant reduction in the frequency of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) was seen in the treatment group in comparison with the control group (p = 0.001). After the intervention, CRP levels were significantly less in the empagliflozin group in the control group in the third postoperative day (p = 0.04).
Conclusion
The prophylactic use of empagliflozin effectively reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia in patients undergoing heart surgeries.
The long-term effect of COVID-19 infection on lung volumes and respiratory indices among hospitalized patients up to one year after discharging from hospital: a population- based cohort study
Authors: vazirinejad Reza , Ahmadinia Hassan , Rezaeian Mohsen , Nazari Marziyeh , Yazdani Rostam , Doraki Nader
Published: February 2024

Background and purpose
As the number of COVID-19 survivors increased, countless people have been affected by the pulmonary consequences of this infection. They are likely to suffer permanent lung damage and long-term pulmonary dysfunction (15). The present study aimed at investigating the long-term term effect of COVID-19 infection on lung volumes and respiratory indices among hospitalized patients up to one year after discharge from the hospital conducting a population-based cohort study.
Materials and Methods
This population-based cohort study was conducted by inviting patients with COVID-19 admitted to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman (a reference hospital during the pandemic in Kerman province, Iran) during September, October, and November 2022, to the present survey. Respondents who agreed to help with the survey were followed for one year, and they were examined in terms of respiratory outcomes on two occasions at eight months and one year after discharge from the hospital. A spirometry test was also performed for the satisfied patients. Demographic information and hospitalization time information were extracted from their hospital records. Data were analyzed using SPSS and R software.
Results
Out of 1954 hospitalized patients, 500 patients accepted the study invitation. In terms of disease severity, 61 patients (12.2%) were classified as suffering from severe disease and 439 patients (87.8%) were classified as moderate. Cough and shortness of breath during activity were common symptoms that were observed in the first follow-up, although these symptoms were more common in patients with severe disease than in patients with moderate disease (P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). Despite decreasing patients' breathing problems during the first follow-up, a significant percentage of patients were, still, suffering from these problems 12 months after discharge from the hospital. Among the patients who performed spirometry, 54.9% had low lung volume, 10.8% were classified as obstructive lung patients, and 44.1% were reported as restrictive lung patients.
Conclusion
COVID-19 causes long-term complications in the lungs that continue for at least one year after the infection. Our results showed that Obstructive complications are more frequent than limiting complications.
Manipulation of artificial and living small objects by light driven diffusioosmotic flow
Authors: Muraveva Valeriia , Lomadze Nino , Gordievskaya Yulia D. , Ortner Philipp , Beta Carsten , Santer Svetlana
Published: February 2024

Here we report on light-triggered generation of local flow utilizing a bio-compatible non-ionic photo-active surfactant. The mechanism is based on diffusioosmotic phenomenon where the gradient of relative concentration with respect to different chemical species near a surface leads to an osmotic pressure gradient driving liquid flow along the surface. The application of a photo-responsive surfactant allows for easy and reversible changes in concentration gradient by positioning a light source at the desired place. Along with the so-inscribed concentration gradient one can control the direction and strength of the flow even in a closed system. The phenomenology of light-driven diffusioosmotic flow (LDDO) can be used in a rather flexible way: colloids can be gathered or dispersed and bio-compatibility extends the range of colloid types also to living microorganisms such as soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida. We show that DO flow can be considered a versatile method to set hydrodynamic conditions along the sample for investigating the motility of living cells. Further advantages of employing LDDO are the flexibility of flow generation in a reversible way and with spatiotemporal control, without the need to either change the channel geometry by loading a different device, or the periphery of pumps and connectors.
Economic resilience and childhood growth: the construction of a household economic resilience index in Indonesia
Authors: Meliasari Rayinda Putri , Sahadewo Gumilang Aryo
Published: February 2024

In the face of rising economic uncertainty, household economic resilience is a pivotal concern, particularly in developing countries. Concurrently, child stunting and cognitive impairment stand as critical developmental challenges, significantly impacting the prospects of low socioeconomic status households. This study seeks to establish a comprehensive and valid measure of household economic resilience, employing multidimensional household characteristics for index construction. Leveraging data from the 2014 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), the study forms a latent variable for household economic resilience through factor analysis. This variable encompasses indicators of economic welfare, living conditions, social protection, and financial literacy, each of which is itself a latent variable assembled from multiple constituent variables. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of household resilience on child growth, utilizing rainfall as an instrumental variable (IV). The results indicate a noteworthy decrease in stunting likelihood with an increase in the resilience index. Nevertheless, although positive, the effects on HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ did not yield statistical significance. Notably, an elevation in children’s total cognitive z-score and math cognitive z-score was observed, while encounters with economic shocks in the past five years did not yield significant results. The resilience index stands poised to aid policymakers in targeting vulnerable groups, and channeling resources, and social protection programs to those most in need.
Cognitive reserve, comorbidities, and cognitive change among older American Indians: The Strong Heart Study
Authors: Suchy-Dicey Astrid , Longstreth W.T. , Buchwald Dedra , Rhoads Kristoffer , Grabowski Thomas
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND Cognitive resilience may be conceptualized as the ability to overcome the influence of accumulating pathology, to maintain healthy aging and function. However cognitive resilience has not been measured or evaluated in American Indian elders.
METHODS We recruited American Indians from 3 regional centers for two examinations (2010-13, n=818; repeated 2017-19, n=403) including MRI, cognitive, clinical, and questionnaire. We defined cognitive reserve by measuring the residual from individual regressions of Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale digit symbol coding test scores over MRI brain volumes, adjusted for age and sex. Analyses examined residuals of cogntiive reserve against sociodemographic, clinical, and longitudinal cognitive data in causal mediation models.
RESULTS Better cognitive reserve was significantly associated with more education (P<0.0001), higher income (P<0.0001), better quality of life (P<0.0001), lower prevalence of diabetes (P=0.001), fewer symptoms of depression (P=0.0007), and plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (P<0.0001), but not with APOE e4 status (P=0.50), alcohol use (P=0.38), obesity (P=0.06), hypertension (P=0.11), kidney disease (P=0.07). Better cognitive resilience was associated with better cognitive function over time.
CONCLUSION Cognitive resilience, though challenging to measure, appears important for understanding the range of cognitive aging in American Indians.
Using different technologies and gamification to deliver active learning strategies on caries detection training during pandemics – case study and economic impact of two dental schools experiences
Authors: Yampa-Vargas Jhandira Daibelis , Romero Juan Sebastian Lara , Machado Thais Gomes , Soto Armando , Ando Masatoshi , Antunes Laura Regina Pontes , Viganó Maria Eduarda , Machado Gabriela Manco , Natal Karina Haibara , Oliveira Gabriele , Carnevale Lucas Freitas , Riley Naomi , Imparato José Carlos , Raggio Daniela Prócida , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Braga Mariana Minatel
Published: February 2024

Background In 2020, due to the restrictions imposed by the coronavirus pandemic, the teaching methodologies had to be adapted to allow social distancing and avoid contamination at universities. Technology was an important aid to cross those barriers. This study describes and assesses the economic impact of including information and communication technology (ICT) in adapting educational activities at two universities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods Dental School of the University of São Paulo (FOUSP) in Brazil and The Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD) in the United States are engaged in Initiatives for Undergraduate Students' Training in Cariology (IuSTC). Their educational staff modified teaching approaches to continue training dental students for caries detection with tutored and active learning strategies using available ICTs. Resources used during the activities were valued considering the perspective of the educational Institution. The costs of implementing the adapted methodologies were valued in the local currency and converted to international dollars.Results Teaching methods for caries detection during the pandemic were implemented by hybrid teaching models, mixing online and in-person activities. The ICT strategies were created based on a previous base methodology, part of IuSTC. The innovative approaches included gamification and virtual laboratory (FOUSP, n = 80), virtual classes, and online feedback (IUSD, n = 105) to engage the students using active learning methodologies. Both institutions successfully taught a complete group of students during the pandemic. The cost of developing and delivering the adapted teaching methodologies was about $64 to $71 per student for the FOUSP and $78 per student for the IUSD. In the overall cost composition, values assigned to facilities and instructional materials were less significant. Even based on ICT, human resources in teaching strategies represented the most expensive ingredient for both institutions, constituting 95% and 51% of the expenses for FOUSP and IUSD, respectively. Some adaptations have been used after pandemic control.Conclusions The adaptations based on ICT permit the institutions to proceed with their active methodologies, given the barriers imposed by the pandemic. The imposed challenge demanded creativity and a considerable university investment, but the benefits surpassed the pandemic.Trial registration IuSTC-01: https://doi.org/10.2196/resprot.7414. Economic analysis associated with IuSTC-01: www.osf.io/wa6x2.
Analyzing Quinoa Seeds: LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS Approaches for Identifying a Nutrient-Rich Functional Food in Alzheimer's and Diabetes Care
Authors: Çoban Furkan , Yuca Hafize , Aydın Bilge , Tosun Murat , YAZICI Abdullah , KARAKAYA Songül , TAN Mustafa , ÖZER Hakan , Atila Alptuğ
Published: February 2024

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a versatile pseudocereal renowned for its exceptional nutritional profile and gluten-free properties. In this study, an in-depth exploration was carried out to investigate antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticholinesterase activities of 14 quinoa genotypes. Precise quantification of specific secondary metabolites was conducted using LC-MS/MS. Additionally, a detailed analysis of fatty oil chemical composition was performed employing GC-MS/MS. The study uncovered linoleic acid as dominant compound, comprising a substantial portion of fatty oil content, ranging from 46.60–56.33%. Alanine exhibited the highest concentration, ranging from 192.4887 to 1578.0355 nmol/mL in all active extracts. French Vanilla hexane extract displayed outstanding α-glucosidase inhibition activity (75.71%) surpassing effectiveness of acarbose (74.01%). Santa Ana hexane extract stood out with superior α-amylase inhibition activity (28.58%). The exploration into therapeutic potential against Alzheimer's disease showcased promising outcomes, with Titicaca hexane extract exhibiting commendable activity against acetylcholinesterase (22.22%) and Moqu Arochilla methanol extract proving effective against butyrylcholinesterase (47.20%). Salcedo and French Vanilla extracts demonstrated exceptional DPPH radical scavenging activity. Positive correlation was determined between total phenolic content, DPPH (r = 0.381), β-carotene (r = 0,417) and FRAP (r = 0.893) activities. These findings underscore functional significance of quinoa, not only as a gluten-free dietary choice but also as a potential functional food that could play a pivotal role in managing diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease.