bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ГРАФИТИ КАО КУЛТУРА ОТПОРА МЛАДИХ
Authors: Ђукић Немања , Грбић Оливера
Published: April 2022

Простор је политички и идеолошки концепт (Lefebvre, 1977:341, 1991:278-282). Сваки поредак, свака констелација моћи интервенише у простор и претвара га у територију како би осигурала властиту одрживост и спријечила властито превладавање. Отуда, територија је моћ опредмећена у простору (Lefebvre, 2009:224). Територија је политички организовани простор - структурирани систем правила која регулишу размјену значења (култура), размјену добара (економија) и личне односе (друштвеност). Прво, ауторитет покушава контролисати простор директно путем визуелно-естетске организације простора. Ауторитет се отјеловљује у простору дефинишући и манифестујући своју моћ у монументалним грађевинама. У том случају, графити релативизују физичку контролу простора. Као израз отпора младих, графити представљају визуелни поремећај у простору који је директно повезан са моралним поремећајем. Показујући неспособност ауторитета да контролише физички простор, графити одузимају суверенитет ауторитету на најексплицитнији начин - на оним мјестима гдје власт слави свој суверенитет кроз монументалне грађевине. Друго, ауторитет покушава индиректно контролирати простор стандардизујући психосоцијалну повезаност значења, понашања и простора. Ауторитет се утјеловљује у простору прописујући какав је тип понашања прихватљив и прикладан за одређени простор. У том случају, присуство графита у јавном простору ремети доминантну дистрибуцију значења. Графити релативизују симболичку, социјалну и психолошку контролу над понашањем у простору, супротстављајући безличној и статичкој моћи ауторитета личну и флуидну снагу свијета живота. Као акт побуне и субверзије против ауторитета који отјеловљује своју моћ у простору, графити у социолошком смислу представљају онтолошки и револуционарни потенцијал свијета живота. Као екстериторијални, трансгресивни и хетеротопни, графити ометају и спречавају моћ у сталној производњи територије. Графити детериторијализују простор и одузимају легитимитет – помоћу графита територија постаје подвргнута процесима дестабилизације, реструктуриранја и трансформације. Укратко, графити показују како моћ губи простор.
Evaluating the Comprehensive Benefit of Public Transport Service – The Perspective of Three Stakeholders
Authors: ZHANG Chunqin , HU Yuting , LU Weite
Published: April 2022

Most studies investigate the benefit of public trans-port service from either the perspective of the operators or the public individually, failing to bind them together. Furthermore, they have not considered the significance of the government in quantifying the benefit. This pa-per explores the comprehensive benefit of public trans-port service from the perspectives of three stakeholders; namely, the operators, the public, and government. We develop a comprehensive benefit evaluation tool that is able to quantify production efficiency, service effect, and environmental effect, and test the effectiveness of the tool through a case study in 36 central cities of China. A network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) is used to evaluate the efficiency of the production and service sub-process, and comprehensive benefits. The results re-veal the following: (1) during the period 2010–2017, the production efficiency in 36 central cities showed a down-ward trend; (2) the service effectiveness did not change considerably from 2010 to 2013 but declined gradual-ly during the period 2014–2017; (3) the comprehensive benefits rarely changed during the period 2010–2013, but gradually got worse in response to reductions in the production efficiency and service effectiveness during the period 2014–2017. This study offers a robust tool to mea-sure the benefits of public transport in China for better decision-making, in terms of transit operation and man-agement.
Optimisation of Signal Timing at Intersections with Waiting Areas
Authors: WANG Feng , LI Kun , SHAO Chunfu , ZHANG Jianjun , LI Banglan , HAN Ning
Published: April 2022

Unconventional geometric designs such as continu-ous-flow intersections, U-turns, and contraflow left-turn lanes have been proposed to reduce left-turn conflicts and improve intersection efficiency. Having a waiting area at a signalised intersection is an unconventional de-sign that is used widely in China and Japan to improve traffic capacity. Many studies have shown that waiting areas improve traffic capacity greatly, but few have con-sidered how to improve the benefits of this design from the aspect of signal optimisation. Comparing the start-up process of intersections with and without waiting areas, this work explores how this geometric design influenc-es vehicle transit time, proposes two signal optimisation strategies, and establishes a unified capacity calculation model. Taking capacity maximisation as the optimisation function, a cycle optimisation model is derived for over-saturated intersections. Finally, the relationship among waiting-area storage capacity, cycle time, and traffic ca-pacity is discussed using field survey data. The results of two cases show that optimising the signal scheme helps reduce intersection delays by 10–15%.
Combining Traffic Safety Exposure Indicators in a Composite Exposure Index
Authors: TODOSIJEVIĆ Bojana , PEŠIĆ Dalibor , ANTIĆ Boris , LIPOVAC Krsto , FILIPOVIĆ Filip
Published: April 2022

The problem of choosing only one relevant safety performance indicator for the purpose of comparing and assessing road safety situations has been the subject of many recent research studies. This paper shows the concept of creating a composite exposure index based on available data. The procedure of creating a model for calculating this indicator is based on the analysis of quality of individual exposure indicators and the size of their impact on the direct safety performance indicators – number of road crashes and their consequences. The following four models (TOPSIS EQUAL, TOPSIS CRIT-IC, PROMETHEE EQUAL, PROMETHEE CRITIC) for determining weighted coefficients of the individual indi-cators that participate in the creation of the composite exposure index have been analysed in this paper. The method used for defining the composite exposure index is the “high-efficiency method” based on which the final shape of the model for defining the composite exposure index has been defined. The main aim of this paper is to create a model for defining the composite index of traffic exposure. The final outcome is to provide an opportuni-ty to evaluate and rank traffic safety levels based on the unique road traffic risk.
Novel Hybrid Method for Travel Pattern Recognition Based on Comparison of Origin-Destination Matrices in Terms of Structural Similarity
Authors: AFANDIZADEH ZARGARI Shahriar , MEMARNEJAD Amirmasoud , MIRZAHOSSEIN Hamid
Published: April 2022

Origin-destination (OD) matrices provide transportation experts with comprehensive information on the number and distribution of trips. For comparing two OD matrices, it is vital to consider not only the numerical but also the structural differences, including trip distribution priorities and travel patterns in the study region. The mean structural similarity (MSSIM) index, geographical window-based structural similarity index (GSSI), and socioeconomic, land-use, and population structural similarity index (SLPSSI) have been developed for the structural comparison of OD matrices. These measures have undeniable drawbacks that fail to correctly detect differences in travel patterns, therefore, a novel measure is developed in this paper in which geographical, socioeconomic, land-use, and population characteristics are simultaneously considered in a structural similarity index named GSLPSSI for comparison of OD matrices. The proposed measure was evaluated using OD matrices of smartphone Global Positioning System (GPS) data in Tehran metropolitan. Also, the robustness of the proposed measure was verified using sensitivity analysis. GSLPSSI was found to have up to 21%, 15%, and 9% higher accuracy than MSSIM, GSSI, and SLPSSI, respectively, regarding structural similarity calculation. Furthermore, the proposed measure showed 7% higher accuracy than SLPSSI in the structural similarity index of two sparse OD matrices.
Comparison of changes in fecal microbiota of calves with and without dam
Authors: Li Mengya , Wang Zhisheng , Wang Lizhi , Xue Bai , Hu Rui , Zou Huawei , Liu Siqiang , Shah Ali Mujtaba , Peng Quanhui
Published: April 2022

In pastoral areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas of Sichuan, beef cattle breeding mode is mainly dependent on nature to raise livestock. On the one hand, owing to the shortage of forage grass in spring, cows suffer from malnutrition. On the other hand, competition for milk between human and livestock further deepens the malnutrition of newborn calves, and the mortality rate even exceeds 40%, resulting in serious waste of beef cattle source resources. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different cultivation methods (calves with and without dam) and age on calves hindgut microbiome. Sixteen healthy calves (Yak ♂ × Pian cattle ♀, with similar birthday 0 ± 2 d and body weight 13.1 ± 1.13 kg), were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The control group was cultivated with heifers, whereas the treatment group was cultivated without heifers and was fed milk replacer during the whole 95 days formal experimental period. Fecal samples were collected on 35, 65 and 95 days of age for high-throughput sequencing. The α-diversity was different between the two groups on day 35; however, the bacterial species richness and diversity was almost not different on day 95. Principal coordinates analysis revealed significant difference between the two groups on all the three time points, and the timepoints of day 65 and 95 were closer and separated from the timepoints of day 35 in calves with dam, whereas the timepoints of day 35 and 65 were closer and separated from day 95 in calves without dam. As time passed, the abundance of Firmicutes increased, while Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased in calves with dam. But in calves without dam, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria increased on day 65 and then decreased on day 95. In genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased in calf with dam while its abundance increased first and then decreased in calf without dam but both resulted in the range of 3.5~4.5%. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased, whereas Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 increased in both groups as the calf grew up. It was concluded that the richness and evenness of the microbial communities was higher in calves with dam than without dam, and a stable gut microbiome in calve with dam is established earlier than calf without dam.
ANÁLISE DAS TENDÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA NO ENSINO DE FÍSICA BASEADA NO MAPEAMENTO DE TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES
Authors: Landim Vilela Jean Louis , Teixeira de Araújo Mauro Sérgio
Published: April 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar e caracterizar as tendências apontadas nas pesquisas que enfocam a inclusão de alunos com necessidades especiais em atividades de Ensino de Física. Como metodologia foi realizado um mapeamento no banco de teses e dissertações da Capes buscando identificar trabalhos publicados entre 2009 e 2019 envolvendo a temática da inclusão vinculada ao Ensino de Física. Os resultados mostram que as principais tendências estão relacionadas a propostas de elaboração de materiais didáticos, investigação do processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos, obstáculos enfrentados pelos alunos com deficiência e, ainda, a importância dos profissionais de apoio. Como conclusão destaca-se que os aspectos que caracterizam essas tendências reforçam a importância de investimento na formação dos profissionais da educação e na equipe de apoio, bem como a utilização de novas propostas pedagógicas amparadas no uso de materiais concretos.
ELEMENTOS DA ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E TÉCNICA EM UMA PROPOSTA SOBRE FÍSICA DE PARTÍCULAS BASEADA NO MÉTODO DBR-TLS
Authors: Rodrigues-Moura Sebastião , Rodrigues Alexandre Guimarães , Brito Licurgo Peixoto de
Published: April 2022

Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados da produção e aplicação de uma sequência didática, observando-se os elementos da Alfabetização Científica e Técnica (ACT). Com foco no conteúdo de física de partículas e no contexto histórico da criação da World Wide Web, aportamo-nos aos fundamentos da Design-Based Research e da Teaching-Learning Sequence (DBR-TLS). A experiência foi aplicada em uma escola pública do estado do Pará, Brasil, durante a qual foram registradas ocorrências relevantes em um diário de docência e os estudantes produziram webfólios sob a orientação pedagógica do professor; dois instrumentos que compuseram o material empírico analisado à luz da referência ACT e com as diretrizes de Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Com foco qualitativo, foram identificados cinco eixos analíticos, cuja análise da produção dos alunos pode revelar elementos técnicos e científicos, históricos, epistemológicos, midiáticos, científico-tecnológicos, sociais, financeiros, tecnológicos, econômicos, sócio-políticos.
MODELAGEM MATEMATICA E FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: MAPEAMENTO DE TRABALHOS DO XI CNMEM
Authors: Santos Girlane Da Silva dos , Madruga Zulma Elizabete de Freitas
Published: April 2022

Este objetiva analisar os trabalhos sobre Modelagem Matemática e Formação de Professores nos anais da XI Conferência Nacional sobre Modelagem na Educação Matemática – XI CNMEM, de forma a perceber como as discussões relacionadas a esta temática vem sendo apresentadas nesse evento. A pesquisa é qualitativa, e corpus de análise são sete artigos, selecionados nos anais da Conferência, analisados mediantes as categorias definidas a priori: a) objetivo das pesquisas; b) metodologia das pesquisas; c) as bases teóricas; e d) resultados das pesquisas. Os resultados monstraram a existência de diferentes concepções da Modelagem Matemática, as quais possibilitam que os profissionais as utilizem com abordagens distintas. Com isso, percebeu-se a importância de fomentar cursos de formação continuada para docentes, bem como propiciar novos mecanismos que auxiliem no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, instigando o professor a (re)pensar sobre sua prática educativa.
Soil Properties as Influenced by Different Land Use Systems Under Subtropical Region of Jammu
Authors: Mamta D. , Sharma K. R. , Vikas S. , Ramphool P. , Samanta A. , Raina N. S. , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Singh Davinder Paul , Amjid Sheikh
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this work was to investigate the impact of various land use systems on physical and chemical changes in soil. Soil samples were taken from five different land use systems: agriculture, horticulture, forest, agroforestry, and grasslands. Soil bulk density, mean weight diameter, maximum water holding capacity, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels were measured. Forest land use had the lowest bulk density and pH in surface and sub-surface soil layers when compared to all other land uses, but it had the highest mean weight diameter, maximum water holding capacity, nitrogen, and potassium in surface and sub-surface soil layers when compared to all other land uses. Agriculture land use had the highest available phosphorous. The forest land use is best for soil bulk density, mean weight diameter, water holding capacity, pH, nitrogen, phosphorous over all other land uses.
Antibacterial, Antifungal and Phytochemical Screening of Bitter Stem Bark (Sacoglottis gabonensis)
Authors: Itaman V. O. , Ukaegbu-obi K. M. , Nwankwo I. U. , Ihemeje T. A.
Published: April 2022

The antimicrobial effects of bitter stem bark (Sacoglottis gabonensis) was evaluated using both ethanol and aqueous extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Penicillium spp.  Agar-well diffusion method was employed in determining the antimicrobial activity and broth dilution method for determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. All the isolates investigated were susceptible to both the ethanol, aqueous and the combined aqueous and ethanol (synergy) extracts of the bitter stem bark.

The zone of inhibition ranged from 7.0 +0.00b mm to 13.0 +0.01a mm with Escherichia coli being the most susceptible at 13.0 +0.01a mm to the ethanol and at 12.0 +0.02a mm to the aqueous extracts at 200mg/ml concentration while P. aeruginosa and Penicillin spp. were the least susceptible at 11.0 +0.02a mm to the ethanol and at 10.0 +0.02a mm to the aqueous extract at 200mg/ml concentration. The control/ standard antimicrobial agent (Gentamicin and Ketoconazole) showed higher inhibitory activity than the plant extracts. The least inhibitory (MIC) value of 6.25 mg/ml was produced against P. aeruginosa by the ethanolic extract and against C. albicans by the combined (aqueous and ethanol) extract of the plant. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the stem bark of Sacoglottis gabonensis reveals the presence of flavonoid, tannin, saponin and alkaloid. The most abundant percentage composition observed was falconoid (7.61 %) while tannin had the least component (1.26 %). The findings from this study show that the stem bark extract possesses appreciable antimicrobial activity against commonly encountered microorganisms in the environment. This therefore implies that it can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent which will contribute to the development of antibiotic drugs against the test organisms.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Manure on Yield, Quality Trait and Economics of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under Indo Gangetic Plain of Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Kumar Raj , Sachan Ravindra , Tiwari Himanshu , Pandey Saurabh Raj
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during 2018-19 at  Main Experiment Station Vegetable Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.)  with a view to find out the effect of different combination of organic manures on yield, tuber quality and net income of potato. The 7 treatment combinations consisted of T1: Absolute Control, T2: FYM 30t ha-1 + PSB, T3: Poultry manure 5t ha-1 + PSB, T4: Vermicompost 7.5t ha-1 + PSB, T5: FYM 10t ha-1 + Poultry manure 1.7 t ha-1 + Vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1, T6: 67% N through Urea and 33% N through FYM + PSB, T7: Farmer practices FYM 15t ha-1 + Vermicompost 1t ha-1 + PSB were tested in randomized block design with 3 replication on the basis of experiment result it was revealed that treatment T6 shows better tuber yield (38.41 t ha-1),tuber yield grade wise i.e. 0-25g (1.93 t ha-1), 25-50g (11.52 t ha-1), 50-75g (14.58 t ha-1) and >75g (10.37 t ha-1) respectively, grade size of tuber per hill 0-25 (0.300 kg), 25-50 (0.800 kg), 50-75 (1.2 kg) and > 75 (1.2 kg),dry matter (17.63%), protein content of tuber (3.0 %) and protein yield (1152.30 kg ha-1). Higher values of economics viz., gross return (307280 ₹ ha-1), net return (218331 ₹ ha-1)and B:C ratio (2.45) in potato were observed with the application of 67% N through Urea and 33% N through FYM + PSB except cost of cultivation.
PERANCANGAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM UNTUK MEMBERDAYAKAN LSM LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Hartanto Louisa Christine , Pascarina Patrisia Amanda , Swastika Gabriela Laras Dewi , Nirwan Raslika Sharfina , Kedaton Kirana Ratu Sekar
Published: April 2022

Pada tahun 2000 tercatat ada 13.400 LSM yang bergerak pada bidang lingkungan hidup di Indonesia. Namun banyaknya LSM ini tidak diikuti dengan prestasi di bidang lingkungan hidup, kerusakan lingkungan hidup tetap terjadi, bahkan semakin luas. Beberapa keadaan tersebut membuat LSM lingkungan hidup mulai tidak diminati dan ditinggalkan. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh salah satu LSM lingkungan hidup bernama PEPULIH yang semakin hari semakin sulit menjaring anak-anak muda untuk terlibat dalam kepengurusan mereka. Minimnya prestasi dan kekeliruan proses atau cara ber-komunikasi menyebabkan PEPULIH sulit diterima oleh generasi muda. Maka dari itu pengabdian masyarakat ini ingin menjawab permasalahan komunikasi dari PEPULIH agar lebih dapat diterima oleh anak muda, dan terutama membentuk citra yang baik. Tim pengabdian masyarakat, memberikan jawaban dengan melakukan komunikasi melalui media sosial Instagram. Melalui media yang banyak digunakan anak muda saat ini, diharapkan PEPULIH dapat membangun citranya dengan baik sehingga dapat lebih diterima oleh anak muda. PEPULIH yang saat ini lebih ingin dilihat sebagai LSM Lingkungan Hidup yang memberikan edukasi bagi generasi muda untuk hidup ramah lingkungan. Harapannya generasi muda akan tertarik untuk turut serta dalam kepengurusan PEPULIH melalui kegiatan komunikasi dan edukasi di media sosial Instagram. Oleh karenanya diperlukan rancangan yang tepat, baik dari segi tema warna hingga jenis konten. Tema warna yang disarankan untuk LSM lingkungan hidup seperti PEPULIH adalah dominan warna hijau, yang didukung dengan penggunaan warna cokelat, biru, dan kuning. Pada kondisi tertentu penggunaan tema warna merah bisa dilakukan, dan dapat didukung dengan penggunaan warna kuning atau warna utama (hijau). Selain tema warna, perancangan juga mendesain jadwal unggah dan frekuensi unggah sedemikian rupa agar dapat menyasar generasi muda dan menarik bagi mereka.
Where there's muck there's money
Authors: Engl Rob , Gallagher Dennis , Haggarty George , Harland Jennifer , Roy Michael , McLaren Dawn , Robertson Jackaline , Willmott Hugh
Published: April 2022

In 2012 excavation works undertaken along the western frontage of Advocate's Close, Edinburgh (NGR: NT 25700 73671) revealed the remains of a 16th-century tenement, owned in turn by the Cants, Hamiltons and Raes, all burgesses or merchants of the city. The tenement remains consisted of wall foundations, cellar floor surfaces and other substantial architectural features including a turnpike stair and corbelled roof. The tenement was demolished and back-filled with rubble during the late 19th century, after which it was replaced by a formal, terraced garden. The excavations within this area revealed a series of associated midden deposits, pits and structural features located to the immediate rear of the tenement. These deposits have provided a stratified sequence of occupation ranging from the initial settlement of Edinburgh's Old Town in the 12th/13th century to the clearing and landscaping of the tenement area in the late 19th century. A large artefactual assemblage was recovered from the midden deposits, including important animal and fish bone, glass, clay pipe, tile and ceramic evidence. The ceramic assemblage included substantial amounts of imported material from England and the Continent. The consumption patterns revealed by the artefactual and ecofactual evidence appear to directly reflect the changing fortunes of post-medieval Edinburgh. The high status of many of the Close's inhabitants is illustrated throughout the expansion of the 16th and 17th centuries, as is the decline undergone during the later 17th and early 18th centuries. The stratified midden deposits at Advocate's Close reveal the changing attitudes of the Old Town inhabitants towards the issue of midden management and general waste disposal, which in turn reflects the development and growth taking place in Edinburgh during the late 16th to 19th centuries.
NIAAA says pandemic underscores need for and benefits of telehealth
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2022

Because of the need for physical distancing during COVID‐19, the use of telehealth, including for addiction treatment and recovery support, increased. Now, many of those measures appear here to stay.
Tellurium‐Based Artificial Neuron: Capturing Biological Complexity While Keeping It Simple
Authors: Yang Yifei , Li Huanglong
Published: April 2022

Neuronal oscillation is critically involved in almost every cognitive task, including information coding, memory formation, and perception. This phenomenon is rooted in the spiking activity of neuron that is mediated by two principal ion‐channel mechanisms, i.e., fast Na+ mediated depolarization and delayed K+ mediated repolarization. In neuromorphic circuits, however, subcellular level of biocomplexity has routinely been traded off for smaller hardware overhead. Even so, the simplest artificial oscillatory neuron by far is still made of no less than two devices, a volatile memristor and a parallelly (serially) connected capacitor (resistor) that typically occupies relatively large circuit area. Herein, a simplest imaginable implementation is reported of the neuronal oscillation function in a single threshold switching device based on tellurium (Te). Thanks to the unique electrochemical‐thermal properties combined in Te, this device can exhibit self‐sustained oscillatory behavior when stimulated by a steady DC voltage as a result of the repetitive electrochemical growth and the ensuing Joule heat‐induced thermal melting of the Te filament, which phenomenologically capture the Na+ and K+ ion‐channel functions, respectively. This work broadens the neuromorphic applications of Te resistive switching devices from synaptic array devices to artificial neurons.
Polyisoprenes obtained from jackfruit latex (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.): Extraction and characterization
Authors: Ramos‐Martínez Osvaldo , González‐Cruz Elda Margarita , Calderón‐Santoyo Montserrat , Ragazzo‐Sánchez Juan Arturo
Published: April 2022

Jackfruit latex is a residue from the agricultural production of this fruit, which does not have an application in the food or pharmaceutical industry. The objectives of the study were to (1) extract the polyisoprenes from jackfruit latex using the surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate, and (2) characterize their physicochemical and techno‐functional properties. The chemical composition, foaming and emulsifying capacity, and thermal behavior. According to the proximal chemical analysis of the extracts, the major content were lipophilic compounds (89%), including polyisoprenes. Regarding the emulsifying properties, the concentrates extracts showed intermediate values for the emulsifying activity index (32–59 m2/g) and stability times from 15 to 95 min. The thermal analysis showed endothermic events (50–65°C) associated with the melting of the concentrate, as well as exothermic events related to the crystallization of the polyisoprenes. The FTIR spectra indicates the presence of the polyisoprenes in the extracts, the stretching of the C═C bonds in 1704 at 1712 cm−1 are characteristic of cis‐1,4 polyisoprene bonds, and at 980 cm−1 the CH bending. The physicochemical and techno‐functional properties of polyisoprene extracts indicate that they could be used in emulsions or electrohydrodynamic encapsulation processes.
A stakeholder perspective on managing tensions in hybrid organizations: Analyzing fair trade for a sustainable development
Authors: Gigliotti Marina , Runfola Andrea
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a stakeholder perspective to study tensions in hybrid organizations (HOs). In this study, we investigate social enterprises (SEs) as emblematic cases of HO. The paper responds to literature that calls for studies about the interactions with stakeholders and proposes the relational paths SEs can implement to alleviate the emerging tensions between environmental–social and business goals. It also contributes to the academic debate offering empirical evidence on HO‐related tensions. Solving these tensions is beneficial for HOs and in terms of sustainable development. The paper presents a longitudinal case study of a leading SE in the fair trade industry. Fair trade represents an industry where economic, social, and environmental goals may be jointly achieved through the action of SEs. The main paper's contributions regard a stakeholders‐generated view of tensions and the identification of stakeholders‐tailored solutions to managing them. In addition, the proposed ad hoc approach contributes to a deeper understanding of how an SE deals with its hybrid nature.
Recent Advances in Complete Methane Oxidation using Zeolite‐Supported Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Mortensen Rasmus Lykke , Noack Hendrik‐David , Pedersen Kim , Mossin Susanne , Mielby Jerrik
Published: April 2022

The high fuel efficiency of natural gas makes it an attractive alternative to coal and oil during the transition towards renewable energy resources. Natural gas engines are needed to ensure a stable power grid that can accommodate fluctuations in renewable energy production. Unfortunately, these engines emit as much as 3–4 % of the methane (CH4) in the natural gas under learn‐burn conditions. This methane slip has a high environmental cost since CH4 is a potent greenhouse gas. Complete catalytic oxidation of CH4 can potentially control the emission. Unfortunately, the best performing Pd/Al2O3 catalysts suffer from severe deactivation under operating conditions. After decades of little progress, zeolite‐supported catalysts have recently attracted increased attention. Here, we review the current status, challenges, and prospects for controlling methane emissions from large engines using zeolite‐based catalysts. The determining factors for catalytic activity and stability are the zeolite topology, alumina content, counter‐ion, and active metal nanoparticles incorporation. In addition, we highlight the importance of testing under realistic operation conditions. Thus, the review provides a framework for developing a catalyst technology critically needed to fulfill the Paris Climate Agreement.
Redox Properties of Iron Sulfides: DirectversusCatalytic Reduction and Implications for Catalyst Design
Authors: Garibello C. Felipe , Simonov Alexandr N. , Eldridge Daniel S. , Malherbe Francois , Hocking Rosalie K.
Published: April 2022

In electrocatalysis we seldom think about the competing direct reduction reactions that may happen alongside catalytically mediated reduction‐ with direct redox chemistry often happening slower but in competition with, catalysis. One class of compounds of interest from this perspective are iron sulfides. In addition to being structurally similar to many metalloproteins, iron sulfides are also among nature‘s strongest chemical reductants and reported to act as catalysts for key chemical reactions including proton, nitrite, and nitrate reduction. It is important that iron sulfides can act as catalysts because they are also strong enough reductants to mediate some of the same reactions directly. This is paradoxical because in order to be a catalyst for reduction, an iron sulfide cannot also be oxidised. To investigate this phenomenon further, we assembled a test set of iron sulfides spanning both amorphous iron sulfide (FeSam) as well as the crystalline iron sulfides greigite, pyrite, and troilite. These were used to explore the relationship between direct reduction and catalysis of a reduction reaction with a secondary electron source, NO2−was chosen as a test substrate. The trends in direct reduction followed the least stable material (FeSam) to the most stable material (FeS2). Of the phases studied, troilite (FeS) showed the largest difference between direct and catalytic reduction, however amorphous iron sulfide showed the greatest selectivity for NH3/NH4+production as both a direct reductant and a catalyst.
Fabricating Bifunctional Co−Al2O3@USY Catalyst via In‐Situ Growth Method for Mild Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin to Naphthenes
Authors: Ji Na , Cheng Shuai , Jia Zhichao , Li Hanyang , Ri Poknam , Wang Shurong , Diao Xinyong
Published: April 2022

To enhance the catalytic activity and stability of metal catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derivatives into naphthenes, a bifunctional Co−Al2O3@USY catalyst was fabricated by the reduction of CoAl layered double hydroxide in‐situ grown on the USY zeolite. In the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol, a 100.0 % conversion with cyclohexane yield up to 93.6 % was achieved at 180 °C, 3 MPa for 4 h, which should be the hitherto lowest reaction temperature that has been reported over Co‐based metal catalysts. This catalyst was also relatively stable with 5 runs and exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the hydrodeoxygenation of other lignin model compounds and even real lignin feedstock into naphthenes. The high‐efficiency of Co−Al2O3@USY was attributed to the synergistic effect between well‐dispersed small Co nanoparticles and abundant acidic sites on the USY surface, while the outstanding stability was attributed to the anchoring effect of Al2O3 matrix to Co nanoparticles which avoided the leaching of Co species and particle agglomeration. This work provides a potential strategy for the design of an efficient and stable catalyst for lignin utilization.
Current status and progress in immunotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Sun Boyang , Dong Yiting , Xu Jiachen , Wang Zhijie
Published: April 2022

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignant disease. Currently, the platinum doublet of pemetrexed and cisplatin is the standard first‐line treatment for unresectable MPM. However, recent promising results of immunotherapy have markedly changed the landscape of MPM treatment. Further, the ongoing innovative therapeutic strategies are expected to expand the range of treatment options; however, several questions remain unanswered. First, establishing predictive biomarkers with high potency is urgently needed to optimize the patient selection process. Second, further exploration of the combination algorithm is expected to unveil more effective and safe regimens. Moreover, other dilemmas, such as the resistance mechanism of immunotherapy and the role of immunotherapy in perioperative settings, still warrant further exploration.
Advanced Ru‐Infiltrated Perovskite Oxide Electrodes for Boosting the Performance of Syngas Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Yu Wenqing , Zhang Dong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Tong , Wang Yao
Published: April 2022

A promising Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6‐δ‐Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SFM‐SDC) anode material is modified by infiltrating Ru catalytic particles to enhance the electrochemical performance for H2/CO electro‐oxidation. The electrode polarization resistance (Rp), which is considerably affected by the pre‐sintering temperature, shows the lowest value of 0.67 Ω cm2 at 800 °C in 3 % H2O humidified hydrogen for bare SFM‐SDC electrode calcined at 1050 °C. Furthermore, the Rp value is favorably diminished to 0.22 Ω cm2 after Ru infiltration. Meanwhile, the output power density exhibits a significant increment, proving the excellent electrocatalytic properties of Ru nano‐particles. Additionally, the single cell with infiltration presents a good short‐term stability even after redox operation.
A quality of service‐aware high‐security architecture design for software‐defined network powered vehicular ad‐hoc networks using machine learning‐based blockchain routing
Authors: Choudhary Swapna , Dorle Sanjay
Published: April 2022

Software‐defined networks (SDNs) have proven to be highly flexible for vehicular ad‐hoc network (VANET) routing. This is due to packet‐level and bandwidth‐level controls available with SDNs. But SDNs have inherent security issues which include forwarding device attacks, control plane threats, communication channel vulnerability, etc. To counter these attacks, this paper initially proposes a proof‐of‐work‐based blockchain framework that can reduce attack probability by 99%. But, the overall network quality of service (QoS) reduces in terms of end‐to‐end delay, energy consumption, and throughput. To improve these parameters and maintain a high level of security, this work proposes a machine‐learning algorithm that optimizes blockchain parameters in a QoS‐aware manner. These parameters include selected chain length, encryption block length, etc. The machine learning algorithm is inspired by Q‐Learning and aims at reducing the performance effect of blockchain operations on the overall QoS of VANETs. Thus, the underlying network uses sidechain‐based blockchain implementation, which makes it faster, more secure, and less complex when compared with single‐chain implementations. Upon observing the results, it is seen that the proposed architecture can reduce the end‐to‐end delay by 15%, energy consumption by 18%, and increase overall throughput by 38% when compared with existing blockchain‐based SDN VANET architectures.
Adequacy in pleural effusion: What is the minimum volume required for detection of malignant cells?
Authors: Jha Shilpy , Sethy Madhusmita , Sharma Gaurav , Adhya Amit Kumar
Published: April 2022

Background

Adequacy criteria of pleural fluid volume for optimal reporting are contentious, and very little literature is available to date. This problem has not been addressed in the novel International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 939 pleural fluid samples. Five volume bins were created: 0–9.9 ml, 10–19.9 ml, 20–34.9 ml, 35–69.9 ml, and > 70 ml and included 203, 222, 314, 174, and 26 samples, respectively. Volume bins were compared across various categories using a Chi‐square test. A malignancy fraction was used to assess diagnostic accuracy. Descriptive statistics for categorical variables were done with median and interquartile range. A ROC curve was constructed to find if pleural fluid volume can be used to detect malignancy. A cut‐off volume was found which can detect malignancy with optimum sensitivity.

Results

The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve showed that 55% of the time, the pleural volume can detect malignancy correctly. From the coordinates of the curve it was found that for a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 40%, a cut‐off volume of 13.5 ml of pleural fluid is sufficient to detect malignancy.

Conclusions

We recommend 13.5 ml as the minimum volume cut‐off for a satisfactory pleural effusion cytology report. Below this volume, the false–negative rates increase, and the specimen may be deemed as limited for a conclusive diagnosis. As the volume rises above this threshold volume, the false negativity rate decreases but does not significantly improve malignant cells' detection.
Hepatic portal venous gas and bacteremia after colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report
Authors: Tomioka Akira , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Chiya Nanoka , Nishimura Hiroyuki , Akita Yoshihiro , Higashiyama Masaaki , Komoto Shunsuke , Tomita Kengo , Hokari Ryota
Published: April 2022

Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is considered to be a sign of poor prognosis in abdominal diseases and a potentially fatal condition. However, HPVG after colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), is an even rarer complication that there is just one report of it at the moment. In this report, we present a case of HPVG and bacteremia that happened a day after colonic ESD in the descending colon. A 79‐year‐old female was referred to perform endoscopic treatment for a 40‐mm elevated tumor in the descending colon and surgery for clinical T1b cancer in the rectosigmoid colon. With a preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal carcinoma in adenoma, we performed ESD using carbon dioxide insufflation. The tumor was resected en bloc without any adverse events including perforation. On the following day, shivering and a fever of 38°C suddenly developed with no abdominal symptoms. Computed tomography revealed the presence of HPVG and gas in the middle colic vein without pneumoperitoneum. The patient was managed conservatively with fasting and intravenous antibiotic treatment. We confirmed the disappearance of the findings with computed tomography on the next day of the first computed tomography and with a colonoscope, we observed the base of ESD ulcer 5 days post‐ESD. HPVG might be treated conservatively, but it might cause more severe conditions such as air embolism, so this rare complication still needs to be thoroughly monitored.
Tryptophan and the innate intestinal immunity: Crosstalk between metabolites, host innate immune cells, and microbiota
Authors: Li Yunke , Liu Ning , Ge Yao , Yang Ying , Ren Fazheng , Wu Zhenlong
Published: April 2022

The intestinal mucosal barrier is critical for the absorption of nutrients and the health of both humans and animals. Recent publications from clinical and experimental studies have shown the importance of the nutrients‐bacteria‐host interaction for the intestinal homeostasis. Dysfunction of these interactions has been reported to be associated with metabolic disorders and development of intestinal diseases such as the irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases. Tryptophan and its metabolites, including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and 5‐hydroxytrptamine, can influence the proliferation of enterocytes, intestinal integrity, and immune response, as well as intestinal microbiota, therefore, regulating and contributing to the intestinal health. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the effect of tryptophan and its metabolites on the mucosal barrier and intestinal homeostasis and its regulation of innate immune response. Moreover, we present the signaling pathways related to Trp metabolism, such as mammalian target of rapamycin, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and pregnane X receptor, which contribute to the intestinal homeostasis and discuss future perspectives on spontaneous interference in host tryptophan metabolism as potential clinical strategies of intestinal diseases.
A beam‐column element for modeling nonlinear flexural and shear behaviors of reinforced masonry walls
Authors: Cheng Jianyu , Shing P. Benson
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a computationally efficient beam‐column element to simulate the nonlinear flexural and shear behaviors of reinforced masonry shear walls subjected to bilateral seismic forces. A three‐field mixed formulation based on the Hu‐Washizu variational principle is adopted. This mixed element is free of shear locking, and allows a wall to be modeled with one element. The axial and flexural responses are evaluated with a fiber‐section model at each integration point along the element, while the shear response in each loading direction is represented by a phenomenological model. The element accounts for the influence of the axial load, wall aspect ratio, and wall flange, if any, on the shear response of a wall. To consider axial‐flexure‐shear interaction, the shear model takes into account the axial stress resultant from the fiber‐section model, and the compressive strength of masonry in the fiber‐section model decreases when severe shear damage developed. The model has been calibrated and validated with experiment data. It has been demonstrated that it is able to reproduce experimental results from quasi‐static cyclic loading tests of single walls as well as shake‐table tests of wall systems with good accuracy. Furthermore, the ability of the proposed model to simulate the response of reinforced masonry shear wall systems subjected to bilateral seismic forces has been examined by comparing with results from a detailed finite element model.
An adaptive state of charge estimator for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Ali Muhammad U. , Khan Hafiz F. , Masood Haris , Kallu Karam D. , Ibrahim Malik M. , Zafar Amad , Oh Semin , Kim Sangil
Published: April 2022

This study presents a data‐driven approach in conjunction with an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) to estimate lithium‐ion batteries' state of charge (SOC) online. The Thevenin battery model is used to evaluate the effects using battery voltage and current. The advantages of the Lagrange multiplier method are utilized to model the lithium‐ion battery. The Lagrange multiplier method continuously decreases the model error to adjust the Kalman gain of AEKF for accurate SOC estimation. Various current profiles such as hybrid pulse test, dynamic stress test, and Beijing dynamic stress test are used to verify the proposed approach's adaptability, robustness, and accuracy. It is observed that the proposed approach outperforms other methodologies (recursive least square–AEKF and forgetting factor recursive least square–AEKF) due to its high accuracy (mean average error of 0.32%). Additionally, the proposed approach exhibits robustness and high convergence speed despite deliberate erroneous initialization of parameters, thus indicating its applicability in online SOC estimation applications.
Roof deformation characteristics and experimental verification of advanced coupling support system supporting roadway
Authors: Zhang Kun , Li Yuxia , Feng Long , Meng Xiangjun , Zhong Donghu , Huang Liangsong
Published: April 2022

The advanced hydraulic support group combined with bolts (cables) constitutes the advanced coupling support system, which can ensure the stability of coal mine roadway safely and effectively. To explore the influence of the initial bearing capacity of the advanced hydraulic support on roadway roof deformation under anchor bar (cable) action. According to the actual geological conditions and roadway support of the 15106 working faces in Pingshuo Coal Mine, Yangquan, and Shanxi. Based on the change in the stress and displacement of the half‐space body under normal force in elastic theory and combined with the linear superposition principle, the contact mechanics model of the advanced hydraulic support group and roadway roof under anchorage is established. Selecting the measured anchor bar (cable) preload in the coal mine as the input load of the model, the stress and displacement distribution of the roadway roof under different initial bearing capacities are calculated. The calculation results show that the stress and displacement of the roadway roof along the axis exhibit a “symmetrical distribution” and the whole roadway exhibits a “saddle surface” gradient distribution during the active support of advanced hydraulic support under anchorage. The increase in the initial bearing capacity of the advanced hydraulic support has a great influence on the support effect in the middle area of the roadway and has a relatively small influence on the support effect in the surrounding area of the roof. With an increase in an initial support capacity, the stress gradient changes violently but substantially less than it would under the crushing strength of the surrounding rock. Using the similar simulation experiment theory, a similar simulation experiment roadway was established at 1:40, and the simulation experiment of an advanced hydraulic support coupling active support under anchor protection was carried out. The maximum error percentage of the theoretical calculation and experimental results of roof deformation under different initial bearing capacities is 19.51%, and the maximum error percentage of stress is 13.77%. The accuracy of the distribution law of roof stress and displacement under the initial bearing capacity in the process of active support obtained by theoretical calculation is verified. The research results provide a theoretical basis for advanced coupling adaptive support and the control of fully mechanized mining faces.
Changes in physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in aged Korean native cattle beef during cold storage
Authors: Hwang Sun Hye , Lee JaeHwan , Nam Tae Gyu , Koo Minseon , Cho Yong Sun
Published: April 2022

During refrigerated storage, aged beef is liable to undergo alterations in its physicochemical properties. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the community of microorganisms, volatile compounds, and amino acids in aged beef under cold storage conditions. In addition, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values were measured to determine the putrefaction degree. Raw‐, dry‐, and wet‐aged beef were stored at 4°C for 21 days. The initial pH of beef under the three conditions ranged from 5.52 to 5.60 and decreased from 5.04 to 5.33 over time. After 21 days, VBN values ranged 20.53–22.59 mg/100 g, which exceeded the standard of spoilage (20 mg/100 g) in the Korean Food Code. As time passed, numbers of psychrophilic and lactic acid bacteria increased in the raw beef. In contrast, number of mesophilic, psychrophilic, and lactic acid bacteria decreased in dry‐ and wet‐aged beef. Among the volatile substances and amino acids, 2,3‐butanedione, 2‐butanone, tyrosine, and arginine contributed the most to the high VBN levels in aged beef, where the VBN was 21 mg/100 g at 21 days, which was beyond the acceptable limit. In conclusion, clear alterations were observed in the physicochemical properties and microorganism communities in cold‐stored aged beef, providing basic information that could benefit the beef industry and boost consumer acceptance.