bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial of Surveillance with Abbreviated MRI in Women with a Personal History of Breast Cancer– Impact on Patient Anxiety and Cancer Detection
Authors: Fonseca Marina Mohallem , Alhassan Tasneen , Nisha Yashmin , Koszycki Diana , Schwarz Betty Anne , Segal Roanne , Arnaout Angel , Ramsay Tim , Lau Jacqueline , Seely Jean Morag
Published: February 2022

Background: Abbreviated breast MRI (A-MRI) substantially reduces the image acquisition and reading times and has been reported to have similar diagnostic accuracy as a full diagnostic protocol but has not been evaluated prospectively with respect to impact on psychological distress in women with a prior history of breast cancer (PHBC). This study aimed to determine if surveillance mammography (MG) plus A-MRI reduced psychological distress and if A-MRI improved cancer detection rates (CDR) as compared to MG alone. Methods: This prospective controlled trial of parallel design was performed at a tertiary cancer center on asymptomatic women with PHBC who were randomized into two groups: routine surveillance with MG or intervention of MG plus A-MRI in a 1:1 ratio. Primary outcome was anxiety measured by four validated questionnaires at three different time-points during the study. Other parameters including CDR and positive predictive value for biopsy (PPV3) were compared between imaging modalities of MG and A-MRI. Tissue diagnoses or 1 year of follow-up were used to establish the reference standard. Linear mixed models were used to analyze anxiety measures and Fisher’s exact test to compare imaging outcomes. Results: 198 patients were allocated to either MG alone (94) or MG plus A-MRI (104). No significant group difference emerged for improvement in trait anxiety, worry and perceived health status (all Time-by-surveillance group interaction ps>.05). There was some advantage of A-MRI in reducing state anxiety at Time 2 (p<.05). Anxiety scores in all questionnaires were similarly elevated in both groups (50.99+/-4.6 with MG alone vs 51.73+/-2.56 with MG plus A-MRI, p>0.05) and did not change over time. A-MRI detected 5 invasive cancers and 1 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and MG detected 1 DCIS. A-MRI had higher incremental CDR (48/1000(5/104) vs MG 5/1000(1/198, p=0.01)) with no difference in PPV3 (A-MRI 28.6% (6/21) vs MG 16.7% (1/6, p>.05). Conclusion: Compared to MG alone, A-MRI had significantly higher incremental cancer detection in PHBC. Despite a higher rate of biopsies, A-MRI had no demonstrable impact on anxiety, worry, and perceived health status. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02244593). Prospectively registered on Sept. 14, 2014.
The Prognostic Significance of the Circumferential Resection Margin in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Without Neoadjuvant Treatment
Authors: Yang Zhaoyang , Lin Hua , Wang Zhen , Rong Lulu , Zhang Xuchen , Wang Lin , Qin Jianjun , Xue Xuemin , Li Yin , Xue Liyan
Published: February 2022

Background: Circumferential resection margin (CRM) is very important in esophageal cancer, but its diagnostic criteria has not been unified. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the Royal College of Pathologists (RCP) provide two different criteria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term prognostic significance of CRM status with different CRM criteria in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods: Influence of CRM status according to the CAP and RCP criteria on long-term survival of 838 patients with resected pT3 tumors and without neoadjuvant therapy was analyzed. Patients stratified into three groups on the basis of tumor distance from the CRM (>1 mm, 0-1 mm, 0 mm) were also analysed.Results: Positive CRM was found in 59 (7%) patients according to the CAP criteria and 317(37.8%) patients according to the RCP criteria. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis showed that CRM status, according to three different criteria, was independent prognostic factor. However, subgroup analysis showed that the prognostic value of CRM status was limited to certain metastatic lymph node load. In pN0 subgroup, patients with CRM > 1mm had better prognosis than patients with CRM 0-1mm. Patients with CRM 0 mm had worse outcome than patients with CRM > 0 mm in pN1-2 subgroup. But CRM status had no prognosis value in pN3 subgroups. Conclusions: The CRM status is an important prognostic factor in ESCC patients, but this effect was limited to patients without or with less lymph node metastasis (pN0-2). In clinical practice, we recommend the three-tier criteria as it provides more prognostic value than the traditional two-tier criteria.
Combination of Serological Biomarkers and Clinical Features to predict Mucosal Healing in Crohn’s Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Tang Nang , Chen Han , Chen Ruidong , Tang Wen
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Mucosal healing (MH) has become the treatment goal of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aims to develop a noninvasive and reliable clinical tool for individual evaluation of mucosal healing in patients with Crohn’s disease. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort was established. Clinical and serological variables were collected. Separate risk factors were incorporated into a binary logistic regression model. A primary model and a simple model were established, respectively. The model performance was evaluated with C-index, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Internal validation was performed in patients with small intestinal lesions.Results: A total of 348 consecutive patients diagnosed with CD who underwent endoscopic examination and review after treatment from January 2010 to June 2021 were composed in the derivation cohort, and 112 patients with small intestinal lesions were included in the validation cohort. The following variables were independently associated with the MH and were subsequently included into the primary prediction model: PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio), CAR (C-reactive protein to albumin ratio), ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), HBI (Harvey-Bradshaw Index) score and infliximab treatment. The simple model only included factors of PLR, CAR and ESR. The primary model performed better than the simple one in C-index (87.5% vs 83.0 %, p=0.004). There was no statistical significance between these two models in sensitivity (70.43% vs 62.61%, p=0.467), specificity (87.12% vs 80.69%, p=0.448), PPV (72.97% vs 61.54%, p=0.292), NPV (85.65% vs 81.39%, p=0.614), and accuracy (81.61% vs 74.71%, p=0.303). The primary model had good calibration and high levels of explained variation and discrimination in validation cohort. Conclusions: This model can be used to predict MH in post-treatment patients with CD. It can also be used as an indication of endoscopic surveillance to evaluate mucosal healing in patients with CD after treatment.
Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 nedeniyle acil serviste toraks bilgisayarlı tomografi çekilen hastalarda saptanan rastlantısal bulgular: kesitsel çalışma
Authors: YILDIRIM Sunay , SÖĞÜT Özgür , AZ Adem , ERGENÇ Hüseyin , ÖZDEMİR Sevim
Published: February 2022

Amaç: Çalışmamızda Koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) şüphesiyle acil servise başvuran hastalara çekilen toraks bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) görüntülemelerinde tespit edilen rastlantısal bulguların prevelansını belirlemek ve klinik önemini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Yöntemler: Retrospektif, kesitsel, gözlemsel ve tek merkezli olarak planlanan çalışmamıza hastanemiz Acil Tıp Kliniği’ne Mayıs-Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında, COVID-19 bulguları nedeniyle başvuran ve toraks BT çekilen yetişkin hastalar (≥18 yaş) dâhil edildi. BT görüntülemelerinde insidental bulguya sahip olan hastalar uluslararası sınıflandırmalara göre üç grup olarak değerlendirildi. Hasta grupları ve insidental bulgu saptanan hastalar ile insidental bulgu saptanmayan hastalar yaş, cinsiyet ve yaş dağılımı açısından karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: COVID-19 semptom ve bulguları ile acil servise başvuran ve toraks BT çekilen 5,667 hastanın %41,8’inde tesadüfi bulgular olduğu saptandı. İnsidental bulgu saptanmayan hasta grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, insidental bulgu saptanan hasta grubunda ortalama yaş anlamlı yüksek olarak gözlemlendi. Ancak, gruplar arasında cinsiyet bakımından anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Hastaların %11,8’lik (n=670) bölümünde klinik olarak yüksek düzeyde önemli bulgular saptandı. Toraks BT’de en sık rastlanan insidental bulgu %27,7’lik (n=655) oran ile mediastinal ana vasküler yapılarda aterosklerotik değişiklikler olarak saptandı. Klinik olarak yüksek düzeyde önemli insidental bulgu olarak en sık %13,7’lik (n=325) oran ile kardiyomegali tespit edildi.Sonuç: Toraks BT çekilen hastaların büyük bir kısmında insidental bulguya rastlanmadı. Diğer yandan yaş arttıkça özellikle insidental bulgunun saptanma olasılığında artış gözlemlendi. İnsidental bulgusu bulunan hastaların çoğunluğunda ise klinik olarak önemsiz bulgulara rastlandı.
COVID Tarnish Lung: Residual Radiological Lung Consequences of Infection
with COVID-19
Authors: Abumossalam Ahmed Mohammed , Abdelgawad Taha Taha , Ibrahim Mohamad Abomesllam , Mohamad Mohamad Darwish , Ahmed Dalia Abdelsattar , Elhalaby Hanan Abdelsattar
Published: February 2022

Background:

COVID-19 has still been expressed as a mysterious viral infection with dramatic pulmonary consequences.

Objectives:

This article aims to study the radiological pulmonary consequences of respiratory covid-19 infection at 6 months and their relevance to the clinical stage, laboratory markers, and management modalities.

Methods:

This study was implemented on two hundred and fifty (250) confirmed positive cases for COVID-19 infections. One hundred and ninety-seven cases (197) who completed the study dis-played residual radiological lung shadowing (RRLS) on follow-up computed tomography (CT) of the chest. They were categorized by Simple clinical classification of COVID-19 into groups A, B and C.

Results:

GGO, as well as reticulations, were statistically significantly higher in group A than the other two groups; however, bronchiectasis changes, parenchymal scarring, nodules as well as pleu-ral tractions were statistically significantly higher in group C than the other two groups.

Conclusion:

Respiratory covid-19 infection might be linked to residual radiological lung shadow-ing. Ground glass opacities GGO, reticulations pervaded in mild involvement with lower inflamma-tory markers level, unlike, severe changes that expressed scarring, nodules and bronchiectasis changes accompanied by increased levels of inflammatory markers.
Sociodemographic and Diabetes-related Risk Factors in San Diego County,
California
Authors: Muhseen Ziyad Tariq , Alfalki Ali Mamoon
Published: February 2022

Background:

The research information would enable clinicians and public health professionals
to formulate proper interventions for diabetic people according to age, gender, and race.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between diabetes-related mortality,
hospitalization and emergency department discharge, and sociodemographic characteristics,
in addition to age-standardized mortality rate analysis.

Method:

A population-based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to determine the relationship
between sociodemographic characteristics and diabetes-related risk factors of the San
Diego County residents in 2018, including 49,283 individuals (27,366 males and 21,917 females).

Results:

The outcomes were found to be statistically significant. Hospitalization and emergency
department discharges among males and females were statistically significant. The statistical differences
between gender and mortality were not significant. The mortality was not significant in
the male group, while it was statistically significant in the female group. The noted agestandardized
mortality rate of diabetes stood at 85.8 deaths per 100,000 standard population.

Conclusion:

This study found that mortality increases as people age, and 85% of deaths were
found to be of people older than 65 years. The mortality was two times higher among white and
Hispanic males than females. Findings from this study are important in understanding the sociodemographic
characteristics at the county level, which can inform diabetes mortality prevention efforts.
A Review on the Importance of Annona muricata Crude Extract (AMCE) as a Nutraceutical Anti-Metastatic and its Coping Mechanism Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Medithi Srujana , Dalal Dimple
Published: February 2022

Background:

Annona Muricata is used as a folkloric herbal medicine as it has anticancer, antiproliferative, and anti-tumorigenic properties. The extracts from various parts of the plant are considered therapeutic due to Annonaceous Acetogenin compounds which are an absolute boon to the versatility of the plant, paving the mechanistic pathways for its therapeutic potential.

Method:

Google Scholar and PubMed databases were reviewed with the main focus on availing information on Annona muricata and its anticancer effect on breast cancer.

Results and Discussion:

An array of clinical investigations on the dosage of extracts on cell lines, animal models, and human trials provide confirmatory insights of A. muricata as a preventive and therapeutic measure for cancer. The extract, when administered at different dosages, shows a high cytotoxic effect on the cancer cells, mostly accounting for an IC50 of less than 1000μg/mL, which is of significance.

Conclusion -:

Although high efficacy has been conclusive, assurance of safety prior to commercialization is of significance. Investigations are required to define the origin and magnitude of side effects along with long-term safety for the enhancement of efficacy and optimum utilization of potential chemopreventive properties of the plant for the development of a cancer nutraceutical intervention that outperforms traditional medicine.
Papillary Lesions of the Breast: Addition of DWI and TIRM Sequences to
Routine Breast MRI Could Help in Differentiation Benign from Malignant
Authors: Sari Lutfullah , Gültekin Mehmet Ali , Yabul Fatma Çelik , Temur Hafize Otçu , Yilmaz Temel Fatih , Toprak Hüseyin , Yildiz Seyma
Published: February 2022

Aim:

We aimed to investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of benign,
atypical, or malignant papillary breast lesions and to assess the additional value of diffusion-weighted
imaging (DWI) and turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) sequences to routine breast MRI.

Background:

Differentiation between benign and malignant papillary breast lesions is essential for
patient management. However, morphologic features and enhancement patterns of malignant papillary
lesions may overlap with those of benign papilloma.

Methods:

Seventy-two papillary breast lesions (50 benign, 22 atypical or malignant) were included in
the current study, retrospectively. We divided the patients into two groups: benign papillary breast
lesions and atypical or malignant papillary breast lesions. Morphologic, dynamic, turbo inversion recovery
magnitude (TIRM) values and diffusion features of the papillary lesions were compared between
two groups.

Results:

Benign papillary lesions were smaller in size (p=0.006 and p=0.005, for radiologists 1 and 2
respectively), closer to the areola (p=0.045 and 0.049 for radiologist 1 and 2 respectively), and had
higher ADC values (p=0.001 for two radiologists) than the atypical or malignant group. ROC curves
showed diagnostic accuracy for ADC (AUC=0.770 and 0.762, p & amp; lt; 0.0001 for two radiologists),
and showed a cut-off value of ≤ 957 x 10-6 mm2/s (radiologist 1) and ≤ 910 x 10-6 mm2/s (radiologist
2).

Conclusion:

MRI is a useful method for differentiation between benign and malignant papillary breast
lesions. Centrally located, lesser in size, and higher ADC values should be considered benign, whereas
peripherally located, larger in size, and lower ADC values should be considered malignant.
A Case of Toxoplasma gondii and Strongyloides stercoralis Coinfection in
an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Srivastava Saumya , Kundu Aditya , Sivakumar Haripriya , Tak Vibhor , Meena Durga Shankar , Samantray Subhashree , Kumar Deepak
Published: February 2022

Background:

In India, around 23.49 lac people have HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Strongyloidiasis
and toxoplasmosis are some of the opportunistic infections that occur in HIV patients, but their dual
coinfection with HIV is rarely reported.

Case Presentation:

A 46-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with generalized weakness, loss
of weight, and bleeding per rectum for the last 3 months and a few episodes of dizziness and fever.

Results:

On routine investigation, he was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
On further evaluation, Toxoplasma gondii and Strongyloides stercoralis coinfection, as assessed
by the parasitological diagnosis of the serum sample, was positive. Patient was started on artesunate,
ART regimen (Tab, TLD- Dolutegravir 50 + Lamivudine 300 + Tenofovir DF 300) and cotrimoxazole.

Conclusion:

Herein, we report a case of Toxoplasma gondii and Strongyloides stercoralis coinfection
in an immunocompromised patient.
Targeting Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) for the Discovery of Anticoronaviral Drugs
Authors: Moorthy Narayana Subbiah Hari Narayana , Karthikeyan Chandrabose , Manivannan Elangovan
Published: February 2022

Coronaviruses are a leading cause of emerging life-threatening diseases, as evidenced by the ongoing coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). According to complete genome sequence analysis reports, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, has a sequence identity highly similar to the earlier severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV). The SARS-CoV-2 has the same mode of transmission, replication, and pathogenicity as SARSCoV. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) binds to host angiotensinconverting enzyme-2 (ACE2). The ACE2 is overexpressed in various cells, most prominently epithelial cells of the lung (surface of type 1 and 2 pneumocytes), intestine, liver, kidney, and nervous system. As a result, these organs are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, which are used to treat cardiovascular diseases, intensify ACE2 expression, leading to an increase in the risk of COVID-19. ACE2 hydrolyzes angiotensin- II (carboxypeptidase) to heptapeptide angiotensin (1-7) and releases a C-terminal amino acid. By blocking the interaction of spike protein with ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cell and internalization can be avoided. The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 could be reduced by preventing the RBD from attaching to ACE2-expressing cells. Therefore, inhibition or down-regulation of ACE2 in host cells represents a therapeutic strategy to fight against COVID-19. However, ACE2 plays an essential role in the physiological pathway, protecting against hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, acute respiratory lung disease, and diabetes. Given the importance of ACE's homeostatic role, targeting of ACE2 should be realized with caution. Above all, focusing on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the ACE2 gene in the host cell is an excellent way to avoid viral mutation and resistance. The current review summarises the sequence analysis, structure of coronavirus, ACE2, spike protein-ACE2 complex, essential structural characteristics of the spike protein RBD, and ACE2 targeted approaches for anti-coronaviral drug design and development.
Adölesan Gebelerin Aile Planlamasına Yönelik Tutumları ve Kullandıkları Kontraseptif Yöntemler
Authors: DİLMEN Sibel , KOCAÖZ Semra , KIZILIRMAK Aynur
Published: February 2022

Giriş: Bu araştırma, adolesan gebelerin aile planlamasına yönelik tutumlarının ve kullandıkları kontraseptif yöntemlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki çalışma, 128 gebe kadınla yapılmıştır. Veriler, “bir anket formu” ve “Aile Planlaması Tutum Ölçeği (APTÖ)” ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Adolesan gebe kadınların %30.5’inin hamilelik öncesinde gebeliği önleyici yöntem kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. En yaygın olarak kullanılan doğum kontrol yöntemi geri çekmedir (%64.1). Adolesan gebelerin, postpartum kontraseptif kullanma isteği yüzdesi %93.0’dır. Lise mezunlarının ilkokul mezunu olanlara (p=0.031), evlendikten sonra ilk bir yıl içinde (p=0.006) ve 2 yıl ve üzerinde gebe kalma isteyenlerin hemen gebe kalmak isteyenlere (p=0.009) ve doğum sonrası hemen gebe kalmak isteyenlerin gebe kalmak istemeyenlere (p=0.004) göre anlamlı olarak APTÖ’nün toplam puanın daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Adolesan gebelerin aile planlamasına yönelik olumlu tutumlarını geliştirebilmeleri için öğrenim seviyelerinin artırılması, erken yaşta gebeliklerin sağlığa etkileri ve aile planlaması konusunda eğitim ve danışmanlık hizmetlerinin verilmesi gerekmektedir.
Pengaruh Penambahan Waste Glass sebagai Agregat Kasar terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton
Authors: Utami Sri Rejeki Laku , Zaini Muh , Hidayat Adib Wajyu
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThis research aims to utilize glass waste as the basic material of coarse aggregate in the concrete mix used to reduce glass waste. This research uses 15 specimens with 150 x 300 mm in dimensions. The test results of normal concrete (BN) at 7, 14, and 28 days were 20.95 N/mm, 28.31 N/mm, and 34.54 N/mm. The BWG 1 at 7, 14, and 28 days was 24.35 N/mm, 25.48 N/mm, and 33.97 N/mm. BWG2 at 7, 14, and 28 days of 17.55 N/mm², 23.78 N/mm, and 29.44 N/mm. Waste glass (BWG3) at 7, 14, and 28 days of 20.38 N/mm², 20.95 N/mm, and 26.04 N/mm. BWG4 at 7, 14, and 28 were 13.02 N/mm, 19.82 N/mm, and 22.08 N/mm. Comparison of the compressive strength of normal concrete with waste glass concrete at the age of 7 days showed that BWG1 increased around 16%. As for other test specimens, there was a decrease in compressive strength compared to BN were the results for BW2, BW3, BW4 (16%, 3%, and 38%). At 14 days shows that the BWG1, BWG2, BWG3, and BWG4 decrease by 10%, 16%, 26%, and 30%. At 28 days showed the BWG1, BWG2, BWG3, and BWG4 decrease of 2%, 15%, 25%, and 36% compared to BN. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah kaca sebagai bahan dasar agregat kasar dalam campuran beton yang digunakan untuk mereduksi limbah kaca. Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 benda uji dengan dimensi 150 x 300 mm. Hasil pengujian beton normal (BN) pada umur 7, 14, dan 28 hari adalah 20,95 N/mm, 28,31 N/mm, dan 34,54 N/mm. BWG 1 pada hari ke 7, 14, dan 28 adalah 24,35 N/mm, 25,48 N/mm, dan 33,97 N/mm. BWG 2 pada 7, 14, dan 28 hari sebesar 17,55 N/mm², 23,78 N/mm, dan 29,44 N/mm. BWG 3 pada 7, 14, dan 28 hari sebesar 20,38 N/mm², 20,95 N/mm, dan 26,04 N/mm. BWG 4 pada 7, 14, dan 28 adalah 13,02 N/mm, 19,82 N/mm, dan 22,08 N/mm. Perbandingan kuat tekan beton normal dengan beton limbah kaca pada umur 7 hari menunjukkan bahwa BWG1 meningkat sekitar 16%. Sedangkan untuk benda uji lainnya terjadi penurunan kuat tekan dibandingkan dengan BN yaitu pada hasil BW2, BW3, BW4 (16%, 3%, dan 38%). Pada 14 hari menunjukkan bahwa BWG1, BWG2, BWG3, dan BWG4 mengalami penurunan sebesar 10%, 16%, 26%, dan 30%. Pada hari ke 28 menunjukkan penurunan BWG1, BWG2, BWG3, dan BWG4 sebesar 2%, 15%, 25%, dan 36% dibandingkan dengan BN.
Распыление атомов металлов кильватерным потенциалом, возбужденным пучком электронов
Authors: Калашников Н.П.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The process of metal atoms sputtering during a corona discharge is considered. When an electron moves in a medium at some velocity, charge screening occurs with a delay in space and time, which leads to the emergence of a wake potential. The excited oscillations of the wake charge lead to the appearance of additional forces. The energy loss of a moving particle per unit path is determined by the work produced of the deceleration force that acts on the particle from the side of the wake potential it creates in the medium. The paper considers the effect of the wake potential on the ions (atoms) sputtering of the lattice matrix. A well-known expression is used for the wake potential excited by a charged particle moving with energy, greater than the Fermi energy. An expression for the sputtering cross-section of metal atoms under the action of the wake potential excited by the electron beam is obtained. It is shown that the result of sputtering does not depend on the charge sign of the incident particle (electron or ion).
Ab initio расчеты электронных свойств и перенос заряда в Zn-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Cu-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-O со структурой вюртцита
Authors: Асадов М.М. , Мустафаева С.Н. , Гусейнова С.С. , Лукичев В.Ф.
Published: February 2022

Представлены результаты исследования электронной структуры, влияния локального окружения примеси Cu на свойства и формированный магнитный момент в суперъячейках Zn1-xCuxO со структурой вюртцита. В приближении локальной электронной плотности (LDA) и обобщенной градиентной аппроксимации (GGA) с поправкой на спиновую поляризацию и сильные электронные взаимодействия (U --- кулоновское взаимодействие) в 3d-оболочке катионов Zn и Cu (методы DFT LSDA + U и SGGA + U) проведены расчеты зонного спектра: зонная структура, плотность состояний электронные и магнитные свойства. Установлено, что легированные медью кристаллы на основе ZnO являются прямозонными полупроводниками. Представлены результаты ab initio моделирования энергии образования дефектов в легированном медью оксиде цинка, содержащего ряд устойчивых собственных и примесных дефектов в различных зарядовых состояниях. В широком интервале частот проанализированы частотные зависимости электрических и диэлектрических характеристик образцов Zn1-xCuxO (где x=0, 0.01 и 0.02). Показано, что в области частот 1.8·10^4-4.3·105 Hz ac-проводимость Zn1-xCuxO подчинялась закономерности, характерной для прыжковой модели переноса заряда по локализованным вблизи уровня Ферми состояниям. Определены основные параметры локализованных состояний в Zn1-xCuxO. Ключевые слова: ZnO, легирование медью, теория функционала плотности, зонные расчеты, электронная структура, локализованный магнитный момент, энергии образования дефектов, перенос заряда, параметры локализованных состояний.
Влияние кристаллографической ориентации кремния на образование "первичных" трещин
Authors: Веттегрень В.И. , Кадомцев А.Г. , Щербаков И.П. , Мамалимов Р.И. , Оганесян Г.А.
Published: February 2022

When the silicon surface is destroyed, clusters of the smallest “primary” cracks are formed. Their formation leads to the appearance of “fractoluminescence” (FL) signals. The FL signals and spectra contained maxima, the number of which is equal to the number of “primary” cracks in the cluster. An analysis of the FL signals and spectra showed that, upon failure of the (100) and (110) surfaces, clusters of four “primary” cracks appeared, and (111) surfaces, of three “primary” cracks. Their sizes were estimated by the growth rate and time. It turned out that they are multiples of the crystal lattice constant a: ≈ 3a, 4a, and 6a. At the moment of formation, “primary” cracks are in a nonequilibrium state and, over time, transform into defects that look like “troughs” and “tops.” Their sizes are from 2 to 4 times smaller than the sizes of “primary” cracks.
Графен/нанотрубные квази-1D-структуры в сильных электрических полях
Authors: Глухова О.Е. , Слепченков М.М.
Published: February 2022

In silico studies of the behavior of graphene/nanotube quasi-one-dimensional (1D) structures with covalent bonded graphene and nanotube in strong electric fields with a strength of 10^7–10^8 V/cm have been carried out. The atomic structure, band structure, electron transmission function, electrical conductivity, and regularity of the electronic structure changes in strong fields have been studied. It is found that the electron transmission function of quasi-1D structures has an intensity peak at the Fermi level in contrast to nanotubes and graphene. As a result of quantum molecular dynamics modeling, the regularities of deformation of the atomic framework and its destruction under the action of ponderomotive force have been established. We have found a critical value of the strength at which the electric field detaches the graphene from the tube. It is ~ 2 ∙ 10^8 V/cm. A further increase leads to the detachment of graphene from the tube with its simultaneous destruction.
Влияние построчного лазерного сканирования на свойства лазерно-индуцированного графена
Authors: Михеев К.Г. , Зонов Р.Г. , Сюгаев А.В. , Булатов Д.Л. , Михеев Г.М.
Published: February 2022

Technology of polyimide (PI) film carbonization by direct laser treatment attracts much attention due to the versatility and ease of obtaining the carbon material, laser-induced graphene (LIG), used in the creation of various sensors and functional devices. In this work LIG film structures are obtained by line-by-line scanning of a continuous CO2 laser beam over the surface of the PI film. The synthesized carbon film material is studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the Raman spectra of a single LIG line and a set of overlapping LIG lines significantly differ from each other. It is found that multiple laser scanning of the PI film leads to a marked decrease in the number of defects in the LIG structure as well as to a significant decrease in the specific surface resistance of the synthesized film material. The results obtained can be used in the synthesis of LIG film structures with improved characteristics.
Identification of Some Breast Cancer Related Genes by RAPD Technique in Maysan Province, Iraq
Authors: Gataa Allami Zainab Zamil , Abdulkadhim Dragh Maytham
Published: February 2022

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease regarding its morphology, invasive behavior, metastatic capacity, hormone receptor expression and clinical outcome. Many risk factors for breast cancer, including genetic factors, account for 25-30% of the incidence. About 15-30% of breast cancer is heritable due to known familiar highly penetrates genes and the others are sporadic; It is worthy to state that this study was the first in the world to include amplified genes as a PCR template to determine the relationship between their polymorphism and breast cancer incidence using, RAPD of amplified genes. The study was designed first to evaluate the association of ABCG2 gene polymorphism beside miRNA-152 and ER-a using the RAPD technique with breast cancer incidence in Maysan province women, and second to use those genes as indicators for breast cancer prediction and diagnosis. The study included 100 patients with breast cancer and 30 control healthy women, and then all samples were amplified by conventional PCR by specific F and R primer for (ABCG2, ER-α, miRNA-152) genes and then the best (20 PCR product) from which was chosen as the template for PCR RAPD PCR technique. The results revealed there are significant differences (P < 0.05) in the unique band of ABCG2 at marker OPAA 11, OPU 15, OPAA 17, significant differences (P < 0.05) in the total band of ER- α at marker OPAA11, significant differences in the polymorphic band of ER- α at marker OPU 15, significant differences in the unique band of ER- α at marker OPAA11, OPU 15, and significant differences (P < 0.05) in the bands that had been size (50-60) bp, (140 - 150) bp, (170-180 ) bp of miRNA-152 at marker OPAA 17, OPD 18 between breast cancer patients and control. Our study proved the relationship between genetic polymorphism of breast cancer-related genes (ABCG2, ER-α, miRNA-152) and a higher incidence of cancer; The current study recommends employing these results for future prediction and diagnosis of breast cancers.
Epidemiological Molecular Analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates using a multilocus sequencing typing and Global lineage
Authors: Kadhom Heba A. , Ali Munim R.
Published: February 2022

The Multilocus sequence typing MLST method was used to recognize outbreaks of hospitals distinct clonal lineages of A. baumannii; these schemes appeared to provide largely concordant classifications that have been tools to evaluate the population structures of bacterial pathogens. One hundred fifty samples were collected from different specimens of patients within Baghdad hospitals (blood 40%, CSF 5%, urine 5%) between July 2019 to February 2020. Then identification all isolated as phenotypic detection and performed using PCR amplification of 16srRNA and blaOXA-51-like as genotypic detections. According to clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines, Susceptibility testing was performed. Clonally analysis was performed by global lineage ICs correlated with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) when our data showed a very high rate of antimicrobial resistance in all hospital isolates, especially against colistin (8%) which determined the PDR isolates from other types also recorded 70% of isolates standing for carbapenems antibiotics (IMI 32%, MER70%& DOR 64%). Then already clustered into four groups according to multiplex PCR for two groups of three genes (ompA, csuE & blaOXA-51-like) where IC II was predominant in Iraq but in our strains founding ICI (38%) more prevalence one followed by IC0 (26%) then ICII and ICIII (20% &16% respectively). MLST used for detected the common sequence types (STs) of our selected 8 A. baumannii strains (IC0/A11, ICI/A6,48, ICII/A33,50,19 and ICIII/A1,36) were performed by using 7 housekeeping genes than were submitted in the MLST Pasteur scheme dataset (ID 5098, 5099, 5100, 5101, 5102, 5103, 5482 & 5483) followed by statistical eBurst analysis was done to study Clonal complexes (CCs). Identified 5 new STs (8, 444, 346, 1587 & 621) within Iraq and new one ST (1830) worldwide.
Comparing the New Interdisciplinary Health in Work Intervention With Conventional Monodisciplinary Welfare Interventions at Norwegian Workplaces: Protocol for a Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Höper Anje Christina , Terjesen Christoffer Lilja , Fleten Nils
Published: February 2022

Background

Musculoskeletal and mental health complaints are the dominant diagnostic categories in long-term sick leave and disability pensions in Norway. Continuing to work despite health complaints is often beneficial, and a good work environment can improve work inclusion for people affected. In 2001, the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration began to offer inclusive work measures to improve the psychosocial work environment and work inclusion of people with health complaints. In 2018, the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration and specialist health services started offering the new collaborative Health in work program. Its workplace intervention presents health and welfare information that may improve employees’ coping ability regarding common health complaints. It encourages understanding of coworkers’ health complaints and appropriate work adjustments to increase work participation.

Objective

This protocol presents an ongoing, 2-arm, pragmatic cluster-randomized trial. Its aim is to compare the effect of monodisciplinary inclusive work measures (treatment as usual) and interdisciplinary Health in work in terms of changes in overall sickness absence, health care use, health-related quality of life, and costs. The secondary objectives are to compare changes in individual sickness absence, psychosocial work environment, job and life satisfaction, health, and health anxiety at both the individual and group levels.

Methods

Data will be collected from national registers, trial-specific registrations, and questionnaires. Effects will be explored using difference-in-difference analysis and regression modeling. Multilevel analysis will visualize any cluster effects using intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results

Inclusion was completed in July 2021 with 97 workplaces and 1383 individual consents. Data collection will be completed with the last questionnaires to be sent out in July 2023.

Conclusions

This trial will contribute to filling knowledge gaps regarding the effectiveness and costs of workplace interventions, thereby benefiting health and welfare services, political decision makers, and the public and business sectors. The findings will be disseminated in reports, peer-reviewed journals, and conferences.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04000035; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04000035

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/36166
An Accurate, Affordable, and Accessible Electronic Stethoscope: Design Improvements and Extensions Toward Heart Arrhythmia Identification (Preprint)
Authors: Satheesh Siddhi Vignesh , Lin Hong-An , Houshmand Redolfi-Strizzot William
Published: February 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

We created a more affordable and accurate electronic stethoscope because current electronic stethoscope products on the market are expensive, imprecise, and can amplify ambient noise. Our inexpensive electronic stethoscope is capable of filtering out noise and providing different channels to detect abnormal heart/lung sounds which makes auscultation easier and improves medical diagnosis. We also included other features like an OLED livedisplay for on-board, real-time, visualization of the sound signals, SD card storage to store heart/lung sound data for user convenience of medical analysis, a Bluetooth module that allows this product to be used at a distance, and offline data stream analysis through a post-recording program based on machine learning. Overall, our product is inexpensive and user-friendly that benefits not only medical professionals but also anyone with access to the device, regardless of medical availability or experience.
Understanding Information Needs and Barriers to Accessing Health Information Across All Stages of Pregnancy: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lu Yu , Barrett Laura A , Lin Rebecca Z , Amith Muhammad , Tao Cui , He Zhe
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Understanding consumers’ health information needs across all stages of the pregnancy trajectory is crucial to the development of mechanisms that allow them to retrieve high-quality, customized, and layperson-friendly health information.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to identify research gaps in pregnancy-related consumer information needs and available information from different sources.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review of CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science for relevant articles that were published from 2009 to 2019. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. A descriptive data analysis was performed on these articles. Based on the review result, we developed the Pregnancy Information Needs Ontology (PINO) and made it publicly available in GitHub and BioPortal.

RESULTS

A total of 33 articles from 9 countries met the inclusion criteria for this review, of which the majority were published no earlier than 2016. Most studies were either descriptive (9/33, 27%), interviews (7/33, 21%), or surveys/questionnaires (7/33, 21%); 20 articles mentioned consumers’ pregnancy-related information needs. Half (9/18, 50%) of the human-subject studies were conducted in the United States. More than a third (13/33, 39%) of all studies focused on during-pregnancy stage; only one study (1/33, 3%) was about all stages of pregnancy. The most frequent consumer information needs were related to labor delivery (9/20, 45%), medication in pregnancy (6/20, 30%), newborn care (5/20, 25%), and lab tests (6/20, 30%). The most frequently available source of information was the internet (15/24, 63%). PINO consists of 267 classes, 555 axioms, and 271 subclass relationships.

CONCLUSIONS

Only a few articles assessed the barriers to access to pregnancy-related information and the quality of each source of information; further work is needed. Future work is also needed to address the gaps between the information needed and the information available.
A Food Poisoning Outbreak Caused by Shigella in Al-Mafraq, Jordan, in 2019 (Preprint)
Authors: Alkhalili Mais
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

On October 6, 2019, 55 residents of Bala'ama town in Al-Mafraq, Jordan, were admitted to the local health care center with symptoms of food poisoning.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify the cause of the food poisoning outbreak.

METHODS

This descriptive study is a cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the Directorate of Communicable Diseases in the Ministry of Health. A total of 25 stool samples from patients and an additional 2 samples from workers in the restaurant were collected and tested. An environmental survey of the food and water was also conducted.

RESULTS

The period of the outbreak was from October 6 to 10, 2019. The highest proportion of patients were children under 5 years of age. More females than males were affected. Stool test results were positive for Shigella sonnei in 15 samples and rotavirus in 7 samples. Chloride concentration was 0 in the water samples.

CONCLUSIONS

The food poisoning outbreak was caused by consumption of hummus from a neighborhood restaurant, which was contaminated with S. sonnei.

CLINICALTRIAL
Comparison of the ACASI Mode to Other Survey Modes in Sexual Behavior Surveys in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Phoo Nang Nge Nge , Lobo Roanna , Vujcich Daniel , Reid Alison
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Reliable data about sexual behaviors is fundamental in the prevention and control of HIV, hepatitis, and other sexually transmitted infections. Generally, sexual behaviors are regarded as a sociocultural taboo in Africa and Asia, and this results in biased sexual behavior survey data due to social desirability. Various modes of survey delivery, including audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASIs), have been investigated to improve data quality.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to review studies that compared the ACASI mode to other survey modes in sexual behavior surveys in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa to ascertain the impact of survey mode on responses to sexual behavior questions.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews). Six databases were searched.

RESULTS

A total of 21 papers were included. The face-to-face interview (FTFI) mode was the survey mode most frequently compared to the ACASI mode. Among the most commonly reported outcome variable groups, ACASI participants were more likely to report sexual behaviors, such as “forced sex,” “multiple partners,” “transactional sex,” and “ever had sex,” as compared to FTFI participants. In addition to the survey mode effect, other factors were found to have had an impact on data quality, for example, participant characteristics, social norms, study design, and data collection setting.

CONCLUSIONS

Use of ACASIs for administering sexual behavior surveys among populations in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa demonstrated higher reports for some sexual behaviors than the use of FTFIs. More studies that compare the ACASI mode to other survey modes would improve our understanding of the usefulness of ACASIs in sexual behavior surveys in these regions.
The impact of carcass size, chilling, and electrical stimulation on beef postmortem temperature and pH decline
Authors: Djimsa Blanchefort A , N. Nair Mahesh , Hess Ann M , Belk Keith E. , Woerner Dale R
Published: February 2022

Variability in carcass size can influence carcass chilling rates which could result in issues associated with beef tenderness and color. Moreover, the usage of electrical stimulation can affect postmortem metabolism and meat quality. However, few studies have looked at the combined impact of chilling and electrical stimulation on temperature decline, postmortem biochemistry, and color among the current consist of US beef. Beef carcasses (N =162, < 30 months) were randomly selected from two beef processing plants. One side of each carcass was electrically stimulated (ES), while the opposing side was not electrically stimulated (NES). Matched sides were subjected to either conventional spray chilling (CONV) or delayed-spray chilling (DELAY). Deep tissue (10.5-cm under the pelvic bone) and surface temperature (1.5-cm under the loin fat) were continuously monitored during chilling in addition to temperature and pH measurements from the semimembranosus (SM), longissimus lumborum (LL), and psoas major (PM) muscles at an initial time (45 to 60 min), 6 h, 12 h, and after chilling (28 to 36 h) postmortem. Further, the instrumental (L*, a*, and b*) and visual color of the PM were evaluated. For data analysis, carcasses with hot carcass weights above or below the average were considered heavy or light, respectively. A nonlinear regression model was fitted to the continuous deep and surface temperatures, whereas other parameters were evaluated using a mixed model. Electrical stimulation improved (P < 0.05) the color of PM in light weight carcasses, but not (P > 0.05) in heavy weight carcasses. Temperature decline was faster (P < 0.05), and pH decline slower (P < 0.05) in the SM and LL of light weight carcasses under CONV. Exponential decay models for deep and surface temperatures indicated the rate of cooling differed (P < 0.05) due to the combination of treatment factors. Heavy weight carcasses in DELAY had slower rates of temperature decline (P < 0.05). Overall, the variability in carcass size affected temperature decline and postmortem metabolism. Therefore, postmortem management practices should consider carcass weights to ensure homogeneous meat quality.
Microbiological Identification of Bacteria with Leukemic Children
Authors: Al-Rawazq Huda Sahib Abdul-Mohammed , Mohammed Ali Kamal , Hussein Asifa Ali
Published: February 2022

The most common form of childhood cancer is leukemia, Calculation for more than one third of all childhood cancers among those ages 1 day – 14 years. The diseases of leukemia are worldwide, it occurred in both genders from male and females and in all age. A total of 80 different samples of patient children were collected from the central teaching hospital of pediatric in Baghdad. Obtained during the period from 1st Sept. 2019 till the 31 th of Aug. 2020. Each isolates identification by using Vitek 2. Isolated organism in leukemic children show 18 (22.5 %) gram positive and 62 (77.5 %) gram negative from the total sample 80 (100.0 %). The percent of male is 45 more than female which represents 35 in most age groups between age (1 day-3 year) 33 (100.0 %). In most distribution of organism according to the type of sample for gram positive is Staphylococcus aureus 13 (16.2 %) and gram negative Escherichia coli 21 (26.3 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae 13 (16.2 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (13.8 %) from the total results 80 (100.0 %). In conclusion, the gram negative bacteria is more than gram positive bacteria and especially effect with Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, in males for the age group 1 day to 3 years. And the most antibiotic sensitive to Escherichia coli is Imipenem, Amikacin, Gentamycin, Piperacillin/ Tazobactam and resist to Cefotazidime, Tobramycin, Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin and Staphylococcus aureus most sensitive to Vancomycin, Gentamycin, Clindamycin, and resist to Penicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Oxacillin.