bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nitrogen, shading and intercropping on alfalfa-ziziphus agroforestry system under arid land conditions
Authors: Al-Zamanan Saleh Mohammed , El-Nakhlawy Fathy Saad , Elfeil Abdullah
Published: April 2017

To assess the arid lands agroforestry potential, a field experiment was performed at the Agricultural Research Station of King Abdulaziz University, located at Hada Al-Sham during the 2013 and 2014 seasons. Alfalfa was evaluated in a Ziziphus agroforestry system at a distance of 1 m, 2 m and 4 m from the ziziphus tree and were supplied with three different levels of nitrogen fertilizer 0 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha and 400 kg/ha in the form of commercial Urea. The fertilizer were subdivided into split doses and applied as manual broadcasting after each cutting. A split-split plot design was used with three replications. Forage growth rate and biomass accumulation were measured at ten different intervals approximately at a period of 30-40 days. Forage was harvested in 10 different cuts and all this data consisting of plant height, fresh biomass accumulation and dry biomass accumulation and leaf nitrogen content were also measured. Statistical analysis described significant impact for intercropping, planting distance and nitrogen fertilizer on all studied traits. The maximum effect of urea fertilizer was documented for the highest dose of 400 kg/ha but it was statistically non-significant to 200 kg/ha. Distance of planting from the Ziziphus tree produced variable trend for all forages at different cut numbers but 2 m produced maximum plant height and biomass accumulation for most of the cut numbers. The interaction of 200 kg N/ha, intercropping and 2 m distance produced optimum forage growth and biomass accumulation as compared to the sole plantation under no fertilization.  
Fonologia Katukina-Kanamari
Authors: Anjos Zoraide dos
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a descrição fonológica da língua Katukina-Kanamari (brevemente Katukina) falada por cerca de 2200 pessoas no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. A variação entre segmentos vocálicos longos e ditongos, a distribuição do fonema no âmbito da sílaba, os processos morfofonológicos de alomorfia e procliticização são alguns dos aspectos que serão tratados nesse artigo.
NO SILÊNCIO OBSEQUIOSO, PREPARO MINHA PRÓPRIA DEFESA PADRE CÍCERO: arquivista de si mesmo
Authors: Pinho Maria de Fátima de Morais , Silva Sônia Maria de Meneses
Published: April 2017

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a prática contumaz do padre Cícero Romão Baptista em, ao longo de sua trajetória religiosa e política, copiar e guardar todos os documentos escritos, hemerográficos e iconográficos, constituindo um considerável e consistente arquivo de si que dava conta, igualmente, de aspectos da história política, econômica e social não apenas da localidade em se estabelecera, Juazeiro do Norte, mas do Ceará e do Brasil nas primeiras décadas da República Velha. O chamado “grande arquivo do padre Cícero” é composto por cartas e telegramas tanto de natureza eclesiástica quanto cartorial, fotografias, artigos de jornais, películas de filmes, etc. Neste trabalho tomando como referência as reflexões do historiador francês Philippe Artierés publicadas na revista Estudos Históricos em 1998, intituladas “Arquivar a própria vida”.
A HISTÓRIA PÚBLICA E A CONSTRUÇÃO DO “POPULAR” NO ACERVO DE CORDÉIS DA FUNDAÇÃO CASA DE RUI BARBOSA (1961-2012)
Authors: Brandão Antonio Helonis Borges
Published: April 2017

Este artigo pretende compreender a literatura de cordel no seu processo de construção histórica, a partir de arquivo que dispõe de um dos maiores acervos do gênero no país: o da Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa. Apropriada nos seus variados usos, como parte da chamada cultura popular, pretendemos entender o processo de passagem do que foi antes denominado como literatura popular em versos, nas publicações e coleções da FCRB, até se constituir na atual literatura de cordel, tendo em vista a sua disponibilidade para um amplo espectro de público e com os mais diversos interesses. Ao aplicarmos uma abordagem da história pública, pretendemos pensar a relação produção, circulação e consumo deste objeto cultural na história, sua construção como objeto de pesquisa pelo historiador, sua difusão institucional como cânone “popular” e o seu consumo produtivo para uma ampla variedade de públicos.
PENSANDO A ESCRITA DE SI COMO FONTE DE CONHECIMENTO HISTÓRICO
Authors: Silva Simone Pereira da
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma breve discussão acerca da escrita de si de caráter biográfico e genealógico, utilizando-se como base a genealogia de Yony Sampaio sobre a família Sá Barreto, considerada uma das mais importantes econômica e politicamente da cidade de Barbalha, localizada no Cariri sul cearense. A obra evidencia a importância de tal arquivo no controle da posteridade e do poderio familiar, mas igualmente da manutenção de privilégios. Nesse sentido, a incessante preocupação em arquivar vestígios da própria história, resulta das pressões e demandas a que todos estamos submetidos. Portanto, a discussão teórica sobre o arquivo de si, torna-se de grande utilidade para ajudar-nos a compreender os usos que determinados indivíduos fazem do seu passado.
A PRÁTICA EXTENSIONISTA E EDUCAÇÃO PATRIMONIAL: esforços em prol de uma história pública
Authors: Bezerra Cícera Patrícia Alcântara , Alexandre Jucieldo Ferreira , Queiroz Priscilla Régis Cunha de
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo trata das possibilidades de perceber ações extensionistas universitárias enquanto via para a construção coletiva e plural do conhecimento histórico, dialogando com as proposições da História Pública. Para tal, explanaremos sobre as ações que envolvem o curso de Bacharelado em História da Universidade Federal do Cariri, sediado em Icó-CE, e a comunidade local. Por meio das ações de extensão, temos empreendido esforços que buscam debater experiências e leituras, bem como atividades práticas voltadas à população em torno de questões relacionadas à Educação Patrimonial. Essas oportunidades têm trazido à tona o debate sobre o processo de patrimonialização de bens locais, evidenciando demandas variadas por parte da comunidade e do corpo discente do curso de História.
HISTÓRIA PÚBLICA: a comunicação e a educação histórica
Authors: Rovai Marta Gouveia  de Oliveira
Published: April 2017

Este artigo tem como proposta apresentar o conceito e as práticas de História Pública como um novo posicionamento da ciência histórica em diálogo com profissionais da comunicação, no sentido de produzir e divulgar as experiências humanas. Para isso, discute-se a origem do conceito de História Pública e as diferentes formas de educação histórica que a utilização das novas tecnologias podem proporcionar (dentre elas a internet). Nesse sentido, convida-se o leitor para a reflexão sobre as possibilidades de publicização e de democratização do conhecimento histórico e da cultura, ampliando-se a oportunidade de produção, de divulgação e de acesso do público a diferentes formas experiências no tempo. O artigo também intenciona chamar atenção dos profissionais que lidam com a História e com a Comunicação para os perigos de produções exclusivamente submetidas ao mercado que transformam a popularização da História no reforço de estigmas culturais.
EXPERIÊNCIAS DOS MILITANTES DE ESQUERDA ARMADA NOS CÁRCERES CEARENSES (1971-79)
Authors: Farias José Airton de
Published: April 2017

Após o insucesso da guerrilha, prisão e condenação pela Justiça Militar, os militantes da esquerda armada no Ceará tiveram que cumprir suas penas no Instituto Penal Paulo Sarasate (IPPS). Ali, durante os anos 1970, os revolucionários, vistos como “terroristas”, mantidos à parte dos demais presos e alvos da atenção da ditadura militar, tiveram de enfrentar novos desafios. Buscaram brechas, fissuras, criaram espaços, usaram de estratégias e táticas dentro da estrutura autoritária imperante, no fito de garantirem melhores condições de sobrevivência. Buscamos neste artigo entender compreender como e por que as experiências cotidianas e relações entre os próprios militantes de esquerdacontribuíram para a reconstrução dos projetos políticos e identidades daqueles revolucionários após a derrota da luta armada. A solidariedade e o apoio mútuo marcaram as relações entre os presos políticos, expresso na organização dos chamados coletivos, tradicional prática das esquerdas na prisão. Não obstante os apoios mútuos, aconteceram também atritos entre os presos políticos, como se deu na greve de fome de 1974, a primeira realizada no IPPS.
HISTÓRIA PÚBLICA E EDUCAÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA: “Professores contra o projeto Escola Sem Partido” - Narrativas em Debate
Authors: Almeida Juniele Rabelo , Caldas Renan Rubim
Published: April 2017

Este artigo, na interface História Pública e Educação, tem como objetivo analisar a resistência ao programa “Escola Sem Partido” (ESP) e suas narrativas ofensivas contra os professores. Observa-se o debate público promovido pelos “Professores Contra o Escola Sem Partido” (PCESP) com a defesa da educação democrática e plural. De um lado, o ESP afirma a existência da “doutrinação ideológica” por parte dos professores e, de outro, o PCESP se opõe ao afirmar a liberdade e autonomia docentes. A discussão mostra-se urgente, nas fronteiras da História Pública, ao valorizar: As questões socialmente vivas na educação democrática em história (debates públicos que ultrapassam espaços escolares e acadêmicos); A educação histórica que compreende a relevância da “história construída com o público” – a partir dos diálogos com movimentos (ativismos contemporâneos) pela educação democrática.
HISTÓRIA ESCOLAR, CINEMA BRASILEIRO E HISTÓRIA PÚBLICA: caminhos de uma memória
Authors: Fonseca Vitoria Azevedo da
Published: April 2017

A proposta deste texto é refletir sobre a presença da temática da história escolar no cinema brasileiro ao longo de sua trajetória, a partir de uma comparação entre as etapas da constituição da disciplina escolar e a produção cinematográfica. Observamos, no entanto, que, nos últimos dez houve um distanciamento entre a história no cinema e a historia escolar, considerando ter sido esta aproximação muito comum em outros períodos históricos. Isso pode indicar, no entanto, que a temática histórica no cinema vem sendo ampliada para outros públicos e outros espaços deixando de ser pensada a partir de uma visão escolar da história e passando a englobar, no geral, outros interesses sociais.
Screening of alcohol use disorders in psychiatric outpatients: influence of gender, age, and psychiatric diagnosis
Authors: Sánchez Autet Mónica , Garriga Marina , Zamora Francisco Javier , González Idilio , Usall Judith , Tolosa Leticia , Benítez Concepción , Puertas Raquel , Arranz Belén
Published: April 2017

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are 2 times higher among psychiatric patients than in the general population. The under-recognition of this dual diagnosis can entail several negative outcomes. Early assessment with a screening tool like the CAGE questionnaire could be an opportunity to improve patients’ prognoses. The objective of this study is to assess AUD risk in an outpatient psychiatric sample with a modified CAGE, considering the influence of age, gender and clinical psychiatric diagnosis. An observational, multicentric, descriptive study was carried out. The 4-item CAGE scale, camouflaged in a healthy lifestyle questionnaire, was implemented, using a cut-off point of one. 559 outpatients were assessed. 54% were female and the average age was 50.07 years. 182 patients presented a CAGE score ≥1 (45.1% of men and 21.9% of women). Gender was the strongest predictor of a positive result in CAGE, as men were 3.03 times more likely to score ≥1 on the CAGE questionnaire (p < .001, 95% CI: 0.22-0.49). Patients with bipolar and personality disorders had the highest rates of CAGE scores ≥1 (45.2 and 44.9%, respectively), with a significant association between diagnosis and a positive score (p = .002). Patients above 60 years were 2.5 times less likely to score ≥1 on the CAGE (p = .017, 95% CI: 0.19-0.85). Specific screening questionnaires, like the CAGE scale, can be an easy and useful tool in the assessment of AUD risk in psychiatric outpatients. Male patients with a bipolar or personality disorder present a higher risk of AUD.
Optimasi Holding Time Untuk Mendapatkan Kekerasan Baja S 45 C
Authors: Widodo Edi , Huda Miftahul
Published: April 2017

Baja S 45 C  merupakan bahan yang banyak dipakai menjadi berbagai bagian komponen mesin. Dengan luasnya penggunaan bahan, diperlukan karakter sesuai untuk mendapatkan fungsi maksimal dalam berbagai aplikasi perkakas. Perlakuan heat treatment yang tepat merupakan langkah dalam mendapatkan sifat mekanik yang diinginkan. Langkah penelitian, bahan specimen S 45 C diuji dan dipanaskan dengan temperature 850 0. Selanjutnya pendinginan cepat dengan media Oli SAE 90 pada wadah terbuka. Parameter waktu pendidinginan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang berbeda dari nilai kekerasan yang diperoleh. Kekerasan bahan dicatat dengan alat uji kekerasan Brinell test. Dari hasil penelitian, grafik rata-rata hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa nilai kekerasan mulai berkurang dari holding time 10 menit, kemudian holding time 20 menit, dan kekerasan tertinggi diperoleh pada holding time 30 menit. Hal ini disebabkan pada waktu holding yang pendek pembentukan martensit terjadi belum sempurna. Disebabkan penurunan suhu terpotong pada menit ke sepuluh. Pada holding yang paling lama yaitu 30 menit memberikan waktu yang cukup dalam pembentukan struktur Kristal yang seragam dan lebih teratur.
Rekayasa Instalasi Pompa Untuk Menurunkan Head Loss
Authors: Widodo Edi
Published: April 2017

Kebutuhan pompa sangat luas dalam dunia industri dan rumah tangga. Dengan banyak jenis pompa yang beredar di pasaran penggunaan pompa disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan. Dengan luasnya penggunaan pompa dibutuhkan uji untuk mengetahui performa dari pompa. Pompa sentrifugal salah satu jenis pompa yang banyak dipakai dalam industri. Pompa sentrifugal merupakan salah satu jenis pompa pemindah fluida, dengan prinsip kerja mengubah energi kinetik (kecepatan ) cairan menjadi energi potensial (dinamis) melalui suatu impeller yang berputar dalam casing. Pada umumnya pompa dinilai memiliki kualitas yang bagus jika dinilai memiliki daya dorong yang kuat. Dalam istilah yang lebih umum disebut sebagai head pompa. Semakin tinggi head maka semakin baik kualitas dari pompa. Masyarakat awam menilai pompa yang baik jika memiliki daya hisap yang dalam dan memliki daya angkat/dorong yang tinggi. Melihat dari penilaian yang umum dipahami oleh masyarakat, diperlukan rekayasa untuk menaikkan daya angkat pompa dan kekuatan isapnya. Penurunan daya angkat pada pompa sering disebut head looss. Arti fisik dari head loss adalah kehilangan energi mekanik persatuan massa fluida. Satuan head loss adalah satuan panjang yang setara dengan satu satuan energi yang dibutuhkan untuk memindahkan satu satuan massa fluida setinggi satu satuan panjang yang bersesuaian. Head loss terjadi dengan adanya belokan pada pipa. Dengan semakin banyak belokan maka head loss yang terjadi semakin besar. Dengan penambahan tube flow conditioner head loss yang timbul dikurangi dengan mempertahankan tekanan dan menurunkan kecepatan aliran
Utilizando el análisis de ciclo de vida para el manejo sostenible de los residuos sólidos en Bogotá
Authors: Gómez Daniel
Published: April 2017

ONTARE. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA

Este artículo abarca dos estrategias diferentes para que una ciudad como Bogotá, logre el manejo sostenible integral de residuos sólidos. No es un estado fácil de lograr, debido a que requiere tener en consideración condiciones ambientales, sociales y económicas. El Análisis del Ciclo de Vida (ACV) funciona como una herramienta para guiar a las personas que toman decisiones hacia una solución sostenible. El ACV se utilizó para analizar el manejo de los residuos sólidos en Bogotá y se presentan dos escenarios específicos: la destrucción térmica del biogás del relleno sanitario y la introducción de un nuevo esquema de reciclaje basado en la separación desde la fuente. Los resultados del análisis realizado por Gómez (2004), muestran que aunque el potencial de calentamiento global se debe al impacto del biogás emitido, la toxicidad persistente es ocasionada en mayor grado, por la perspectiva de la sostenibilidad. Para el caso del esquema de reciclaje, los resultados muestran que los recuperadores o recicladores, necesitan participar activamente en el nuevo esquema, con el fin de reducir los posibles impactos y mejorar la aceptación social del proyecto.
Leveraging ESP Energy Efficiency with Permanent Magnet Motors
Authors: Harris Dennis , English Jack , Leemasawatdigul Jackris
Published: April 2017

The induction motor has dominated the global ESP market for decades; however permanent magnet motors (PMM) are gaining acceptance for use in artificial lift. Some PMM vendors have made claims of 20% - 30% reduction in electric operating costs, improved efficiency, and wider applications for today's challenging wells. This paper describes a testing program conducted to understand the characteristics of PMM's, to verify vendor claims and evaluate how to leverage this downhole motor technology to reduce operating expenses.

Two International Oil Companies (IOC's) partnered to sponsor a Motor Evaluation Test (MET) program from 2014 - 2015. A motor test protocol was drafted, and ESP motor sizes of 100 HP 450 series were targeted for evaluation. Six ESP vendors agreed to participate, contributing their motor and variable frequency drives (VFD). Four induction motors and four permanent magnet motors, each partnered with the vendor supplied VFD, were evaluated. The objective of the testing was not to differentiate the vendor's products, but to understand the differences in the motor technologies. An independent third-party witness was selected from industry experts to supervise the testing, ensuring to follow the test protocols, manage data security, and test validation. The results were analyzed, documented and reported to vendors by the sponsor companies.

The PMM was found to be a cost competitive alternative to the IM for equivalent ESP installations with a VFD. In existing fields, a phased-in approach to replace failed IM with PMM may be economic. For new field developments the PMM offers the benefits of power savings and use in challenging well bore configurations. Alternatively deployed (AD) ESP with PMM may offer reduced well intervention cost as well an improved ability to pass through build angles that would challenge the longer IM system.
Brazil Field Experience of ESP Performance with Viscous Emulsions and High Gas Using Multi-Vane Pump MVP and High Power ESPs
Authors: Barrios Lissett , Rojas Marisela , Monteiro Guilherme , Sleight Neil
Published: April 2017

This paper provides field experience for the Caisson ESP Technology in subsea boosting system with emulsions and high Gas Volumen Fraction (GVF) using the high power Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) systems. Field experience and experimental performance are compared regarding the effects of high viscous emulsion using conventional high capacity ESP systems and the effect of two phase (liquid & gas) fluids on ESP with new technology for high GVF fields and high viscous applications.

The Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) system is an important artificial lift method commonly used for subsea boosting systems. Multiphase flow and viscous fluids cause problems in pump applications. Free gas inside an ESP causes many operational problems such as loss of pump performance or gas lock condition. The objective of this paper is to understand MVP performance for high GVF and viscous emulsions.

This paper provides a summary on the performance comparison for a high power ESP system for viscous emulsions and Multi-Vane Pump (MVP) for high GVF wells for Shell major Projects BC-10. These novel projects continue the long tradition of Shell’s leadership in the challenging deepwater environment. Presented is the capability and effects of viscosity and two phase (liquid & gas) fluids using a 1025 series pumps with a charge MVP in series; as well as a 875 series standard ESP system mixed-type pump, which is a multistage centrifugal pumps for deep boreholes.

Extensive testing and qualification of the subsea boosting system was undertaken prior to field application. The subsea boosting system experience for offshore operations is reported with new technology, and the effects of viscosity and two phases in real conditions. MVP and high power pumps were proved to be a reliable technology to use in field application managing GVF higher than 50% and high viscous fluid as high as 1200cp as consequence of fluid emulsion. Correction factors needed to be applied to standard design curves to ensure proper field design at opearting conditions.
Full-Scale Investigation of Gas-Handling Capabilities of High-Flow Helicoaxial ESP Stages for Deepwater Application
Authors: Rojas Marisela , Barrios Lissett , Cheah Kean Wee , Harris Grant
Published: April 2017

Caisson-ESP systems provide a cost-effective means of seafloor boosting. These systems are being applied in applications that requires the ESP to handle unusually higher gas fractions. The objective of this work is to investigate the gas-handling effectiveness of helicoaxial ESP stages used in combination with standard mixed flow pump stages. The results show that helicoaxial stages greatly extend the gas-handling capabilities of an ESP system and eliminate gas-lock over a wide range of conditions.

It is well known that high gas fractions and viscous fluids degrade centrifugal pump performance. Additionally, gas locking occurs due to gas entrainment inside the pump causing operational problems. This study investigated the use of 4 helicoaxial pump stages at the entrance of a 48-stage ESP. Testing was performed at the Shell Gasmer Caisson-ESP Facility in Houston, Texas. This full-scale test loop can test ESP's over a wide range of conditions. The test matrix covered viscosities from 2 to 300 cp at different speeds, flow rates, intake pressures and gas volume fractions (GVF).

Multiphase flow and viscosities affect the performance of the ESP pump system, degrading pump performance. The test results demonstrate that the high-flow helicoaxial pump can handle up to 73% GVF without gas lock. Pump performance improves at higher intake pressures and pump speeds with less pump degradation. In two-phase flow conditions, as viscosity increases, the pump degradation decreases thus improving gas-handling operations. A homogeneous model has a fairly good agreement with pump performance up to 30% GVF with minimal pump degradation.

This work provides an important field-scale validation of the helicoaxial pump hydraulic performance at high GVF with high viscosity fluids. This has benefits to the deep-water industry, which is seeking more affordable seafloor boosting options.
Well Control Strategy for ESP Rigless Deployment with Power Cable
Authors: Xiao J. J. , Roth Brian , Lastra Rafael , Sarawaq Yahya
Published: April 2017

As the use of electric submersible pumps (ESPs) increases in critical production operations, i.e., offshore and high production wells, the need for more efficient systems to replace the traditional jointed pipe installation and retrieval process becomes more relevant. Methods such as coiled tubing (CT) and wireline deployment have been used in the past with varying degrees of success and deployment with power cable is making its way into mainstream ESP applications. All alternative ESP deployment methods face issues when it comes to wellbore control, especially in applications where ESPs are installed to boost production in naturally flowing wells. This paper examines well control challenges associated with cable deployed ESP (CDESP) installation and retrieval, and provides strategies to carry out these operations safely.

Careful review of current ESP change out operations with workover rigs leads to the development of an equivalent well control strategy for rigless CDESPs. Well permanent completion design, the required components on the blowout preventer's (BOP) stack, and deployment and retrieval procedures are established. This strategy eliminates the use of expensive and duplicative well control barriers with no operational safety being compromised.

Moving from workover rig-based ESP change out to through tubing rigless operation is a major undertaking with many challenges of which well control is a key element. This paper provides a comprehensive review of all relevant issues and presents a practical strategy to ensure safe and economical field operations.
Achieving A 10-Year ESP Run Life
Authors: Lastra Rafael
Published: April 2017

Over the last few decades numerous improvements have been made on electrical submersible pump (ESP) components, however, ESP reliability has just marginally increased. Operators have tried different approaches to incentivize ESP vendors to improve ESP reliability, including: strategic alliances, rental agreements, performance based contracts, just to name just a few. None of these approaches seem to have worked and the high reliability goal remains elusive. ESP failures have important economic implications for oil and gas operators, including nonproductive time (NPT), production deferral, production losses and the high cost of ESP replacements, especially for offshore or remote wells. Saudi Aramco has set an aggressive target of operating ESPs an average of 10 years without failure. This paper explores the likelihood of developing such an ESP system, it discusses the fundamental issues that currently prevent achieving higher reliability levels and also evaluates from different angles the potential solutions for approaching the reliability improvement challenge. Finally, it discusses the technical, operational, economic and market implications of such alternatives for both oil and gas operators and ESP vendors.
Maximizing Production in High Gas Wells with Electrical Submersible Pumps Utilizing Variable Speed Drives with Intelligent Gas Control Software: Case History in Colombia
Authors: Chira J. , Diaz A. , Gonzalez C. , Rodriguez B. , Serrano H. , Prada J.
Published: April 2017

Maximizing production in high gas wells produced with Artificial Lift Systems is one of the greatest challenges operators face daily. The accumulation of gas inside an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) creates a condition called "Gas Locking" which prevents fluid production and leads to system shutdown. Multiple shutdowns and frequent Gas Locking negatively affect the runlife and profitability of ESP systems. However, the impact of gas accumulation in ESP applications can be mitigated by implementing intelligent frequency control software included in Variable Speed Drives (VSD's) specifically designed to control and protect ESP's.

Baker Hughes has designed an intelligent solution to solve the problems caused by gas locking in ESP systems: a variable speed drive with built-in gas control software that can mitigate and clear gas locking, manage draw down to minimize formation face damage, and avoid gas locking during extended gas slugs to improve production.

This paper will present the results of the variable speed drive's gas control software implementation in a high gas well in Colombia. The case history presents a mature well with water injection secondary recovery operated by Ecopetrol in partnership with OXY. The ESP system operation was monitored before and after the VSD's gas control software activation. The following significant benefits in ESP reliability and increased production were achieved: 14% daily production increase, stable operation, lower operating downhole temperatures with no high temperature events, lower pump intake pressure (decrease of 170 PSI) and zero system shutdowns due to gas locking.
Comparative Project Economics: Wireline Retrievable ESP WRESP vs. Conventional ESP Systems
Authors: Malone David , Olabinjo Lanre , Vierkandt Steven , Patterson John
Published: April 2017

Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are complex, high power electromechanical systems that operate in extreme environments under very tight geometric constraints. Despite the efforts of suppliers and operators ESPs will eventually fail, requiring replacement. In addition, it is sometimes necessary to intervene in a well to optimize or remediate production – a process not possible, or limited, with an ESP restricting access to the reservoir or lower completion.

The process of installing or removing an ESP has changed little since their introduction almost 90 years ago. Removing (or installing) a conventional ESP requires pulling the tubing string, replacing the ESP and reinstalling the tubing string with the use of a rig or pulling unit (a "heavy workover" or HWO). This expensive, time consuming process creates significant logistical challenges and QHSE risks along with significant lost production.

Increasing use of ESPs, along with today's difficult economic environment has brought a renewed interest in the potential of alternatively deployed ("rigless") ESP systems to improve project economics by reducing the cost of interventions while simultaneously increasing the oil produced per well.

Evaluation of the economics associated with alternative deployed systems is not straightforward, with many nuances which are not obvious. This paper seeks to develop a framework which can be used to compare the economics of wireline retrievable ESP systems (WRESP) to conventional, tubing deployed ESP systems, taking into account the uncertainties surrounding the reliability of the various system components (both conventional ESP and WRESP) through the use of Monte Carlo simulation.

This framework will be used to compare the likely economic outcomes in six ‘typical’ operating environments: West Africa Offshore, Middle East Land (high rate and moderate rate), Asia Offshore, Alaska, and US Land (lower 48) using (to the greatest extent possible) actual reliability data and operating parameters in these environments. The production and economic outcomes of both conventional ESP and WRESP deployments will be compared and presented along with the sensitivity of these outcomes to typical uncertainties in each of these environments.
Subsea Boosting with ESP's in High-Gas Environments - Full-Scale Prototype Testing Demonstrates Full Capability of New, Low-Cost System
Authors: Portman L. N. , Stibbe H. C. , Homstvedt G. O. , Farias M.
Published: April 2017

This paper describes the full-scale testing conducted on a new, step-change subsea boosting system that pairs an in-well electrical submersible pump (ESP) with a mini-processing plant.

A typical subsea boosting application is demanding for several reasons, perhaps most importantly being higher free-gas fractions, and the potential for variable or slugging flow that is often associated with aging wells. The new system as tested, demonstrates how a near-standard ESP can be operated in such high-gas environments within a mechanical embodiment that is compact, easy to deploy and to redeploy should the original ESP no longer meet the boost requirements. This paper lists the tests conducted and the results obtained regarding the operational, electrical and control performance, the vibration response and finally the ease of assembly.
Eliminating Gas Lift by Directly Converting SAGD Wells with High-Temperature ESPs
Authors: Shang Song , Caridad Jose
Published: April 2017

Gas lift (GL) and electrical submersible pump (ESP) are the two main artificial lift (AL) methods in the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process. GL has been used for high-pressure SAGD processes effectively while the ESP has been used in low-pressure processes. There is considerable interest to convert SAGD wells directly into ESP lift during the startup or ramp-up phases, eliminating the GL process traditionally used in the high-pressure SAGD period for injection pressure from 3500 to 4500 kPa and bottomhole operating temperature exceeding 220°C, and using one artificial lift method for the entire SAGD production cycle. In 2011, the 250°C rated high-temperature ESP was introduced, and more than 90 SAGD wells from Athabasca formation have been converted directly to ESP since then. In this paper well production and injection data were analyzed in order to evaluate the key performance indicators (KPIs) including well oil and water production, steam-to-oil ratio (SOR), ESP production performance, and ESP reliability between the 250°C ESP in direct-to-ESP (DTE) wells and 250°C ESP in all SAGD wells.
Advanced Electric Submersible Pumps – Added Value for Offshore Fields
Authors: Marra Francesco , Girard Cyril
Published: April 2017

The application of Electric Submersible Pumps to facilitate well production is a long established production technology; however, the onerous requirements of offshore environment makes the current ESP technology and the associated business model not fit to meet these challenges. An enabling technology for those deep water fields, where physical constraints of gas lift starts to be very challenging and for a drastic improvement of reliability in exisiting offshore fields, is what is needed. A Statoil development for a high speed ESP (AESP) is ongoing to primarily re-design the current machinery arrangements so that many of the key failure modes are eliminated and to tailor the design to high value wells, using an engineered approach.

The AESP development focuses on 6000 rpm high speed motor and pump technologies, introduces a seal-less coupling between pump and motor, to build a robust artificial lift system.

The goal is to develop an ESP system with 90% survival probability at 5 years.
Extending ESP Run Life in Gassy Wells Application
Authors: Kadio-Morokro Benedicte , Curay Franklin , Fernandez Juan , Salazar Victor
Published: April 2017

The Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) technology has dramatically evolved not only to cover wider inflow ranges but also to deal with abrupt gas conditions observed into unconventional applications. Gas production increment through the life of the well can cause multiple intermittent shutdowns which will constrain the overall well's production and eventually shorten the run life of the ESP. Therefore in order to avoid costly interventions and deferred production, it is fundamental to have the proper gas handling system sized since the beginning of the well's life.

This material will encompass different cases which occurred in the Permian Basin area; (1) Tapered system with gas handling stages deployed in new drill wells with gas' increment observed through the life of the well (2) Tapered system with multi-vane pump installed in existing producing wells with high gas level, low production and low pump intake pressure (3) Encapsulated system in wells with high and repetitive gas slugs conditions.

The present study describes performance of different scenarios in gassy wells and technologies applied to stabilize the challenging conditions; the benefits are demonstrated through those case histories. The primary goals of those applied technologies are to reduce or even avoid gas interference with the pump. As a result of reducing or eliminating cycling conditions due to gas, non-productive time was able to get reduced, production rate maintained and the run life of the wells extended successfully. A daily monitoring system is also a further help to achieve those goals.

The use of ESPs have been increasing through the years, especially in the unconventional market. Therefore, it is crucial to provide new technologies as solution to tackle those challenging conditions.

Data uncertainty is a well-known and common challenge regarding an ESP systems'design, observed mainly in new wells, but specifically in unconventional reservoirs. Unconventional reservoirs can be defined in many different ways, but in this study we will limit that definition on horizontal wells that have a rapid production declination curve but also tremendous gas increment through the life of the wells. Running a cost-efficient equipment is a must. Most of the new drills' population have been traced in those reservoirs.
ESP Root Cause Failure Analysis in Guatiquia Field, Colombia: A Case Study
Authors: Guerra F. W. , Cortina N. , Franco L. , Vera E. , Pineda Y.
Published: April 2017

This paper shows a detailed description about an uncommon electric submersible pump (ESP) failure in Candelilla-5 well. This catastrophic failure generated fishing operations to recover the well, and additional cost for the well service. Candelilla-5 is located at Guataquia block, in the Llanos Orientales basin in Colombia. It is an oil producer well, 600 BOPD, 19.7 °API, an ESP as artificial lift system, at depth of 9482 ft TVD, with runlife of 173 days.

The ESP suffered a suddenly stuck pump shaft during the operation; several start attempts were made, with no success. It was determined by the given evidence in this and the neighboring wells, that the probable cause was the presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The electrical measurement of the all ESP system was in good conditions. Aiming to remove the CaCO3, two barrels of hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 15% concentration was injected into the pump, but it did not work, so a rig service was programmed. During the pulling of ESP string, only the tubing string plus pump discharge head was recovered. All the screws of pump discharge head were broke and the rest of ESP remained into the well as a fish.

A Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) was developed. The following methodology was used: (1) fractography analysis that showed a fracture plane between head and screw's body, (2) elemental chemical analysis using optical emission technique with spark source to find the screw's composition, (3) macro-attack testing for detecting residual stresses, (4) microstructural analysis to characterize the screw's material and fractures (5) microhardness profile to identify any screw's hardening, (6) X- ray diffraction in direction to identify incrustation and corrosion products and (7) hydrogen evolution test using HCl solution at 7,5 % and 15%, with the purpose of determining the hydrogen effects on steel properties.

Once the RCFA was successfully completed, it was determined that the screws were fractured mainly because of three reasons: (1) High tension zones created due to high stresses during pump service, (2) the thermally treated material and (3) the presence of an acid solution in the environment, HCl, inducing an accumulation of hydrogen on the high tension zones, giving as a result the screw's hydrogen embrittlement, phenomenon responsible for the failure of the ESP from Candenilla-5 well.

This paper aims to give details of the methodology, analysis from the root cause of the failure, feedbacks and recommendations to improve operations development on ESP.
The economic availability of food in Ukraine: theoretical aspects of formation, modern trends and perspectives
Authors: Kyryliuk Olga Fedorovna
Published: April 2017

The theoretical aspects of determining the level of economic availability of food were researched; the factors of influence on its value based on statistical trends were justified; indicators that form the dynamics of consumption of certain types of food by different sectors of population depending on the size of their incomes were identified.
New ways of the structural analysis of the lesson in the conditions of implementation of FSES of the secondary (full) general education
Authors: Pavlov Aleksandr Konstantinovich
Published: April 2017

The article describes and analyzes an approach to a problem of searching new ways of the structural analysis of a lesson in the conditions of introduction and implementation of educational standards of new generation.
The definition of economic efficiency of freight transport
Authors: Grinchenko Aleksandr Viktorovich , Marshkova Marina Viktorovna
Published: April 2017

The subject of research is the freight transportation organization. The purpose of the study is to determine the criteria for integrated assessment of economic efficiency of freight transport. The article presents the scientific principles applicable to the investigation of various types of freight transport: road, railroad, water and air. The obtained results will allow to make rational, scientifically sound and cost-effective management decisions in the field of organization of cargo delivery.
Historical stages of «Masonic conspiracy» formation in Russia, second half of the XVIII century – early XX centuries
Authors: Ermakov Vyacheslav Alekseevich , Androsov Andrey Anatolievich
Published: April 2017

The author typologizes historiographical works on the history of Freemasonry, which studies the problems of version formation of «Masonic conspiracy» in Russia. The article shows the cultural and historical specificity of «Masonic conspiracy» in European and Russian policy, ztructures chronology of activities of Masonic organizations aimed at the formation of a political conspiracy against the Russian Orthodox monarchy. The author investigates the activities of prominent representatives of Russian culture and the Russian government, the participants of Masonic organizations and issue of taking control of the Russian state authorities Masonic lodges in Russia and also the differences in the activity of Masonic and paramasonskih societies. The relationship of Masonry and the «liberation movement» has been analyzed. As a result, the author concluded that the «Masonic conspiracy» in Russia had been presented as the highest form of organization of anti-government forces, which under the cover of political liberalism and cultural and educational activities pursued the goal of political upheaval and the elimination of autocracy.
About the effective usage of modern technologies of the creation of interactive web-documents
Authors: Odinokaya Maria Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2017

The article focuses on the issues on usage of such interactive web-documents as canvas, CSS, SVG, WebGL, WebSocket. Special attention is given to the possibility and area of application to create different kinds of interactive web-documents.
Legal status of women in the Kyrgyz traditional society
Authors: Eshmuradova Nasiba Dustmuradovna
Published: April 2017

The article deals with the legal status of Kyrgyz woman, her rights and responsibilities in marriage and family, property and inheritance relations, in accordance with adat and sharia.
The civic and national education formation of over-fives through types and genres of fine art
Authors: Makarova Antonina Viktorovna , Zhupinskaya Margarita Vasilievna , Artemova Severina Ivanovna , Kotelevskaia Elena Olegovna
Published: April 2017

This article examines the formation of the civic and national education of over-fives. The authors describe features of project oriented at long-term planning of cultivation of moral and patriotic values in the elder groups. Project mission and the major challenges are defined.
Responsabilidad social universitaria “una aproximación desde la percepción de la colectividad académica”
Authors: Guzmán Mario Heimer Flórez , RodrÃíguez Gustavo Adolfo Rubio- , Cooperativ Mario Samuel Rodrad , Hasssl Jose la UniveCurvelo
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo, se deriva de un proceso investigativo cuyo propósito consistió en obtener un acercamiento al significado de responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) percibido por parte de sus grupos de interés, especialmente, de los clientes internos. Se consideró pertinente la utilización de un estudio de tipo descriptivo bajo un enfoque cualitativo. Descriptivo porque se determinaron los elementos que conforman la responsabilidad social universitaria, y cualitativo, porque contrastó las percepciones más relevantes que se prescribieron en la investigación. Luego de conocer la acepción de RSU en una población académica se concluyó que las universidades, antes de adelantar prácticas de responsabilidad social hacia afuera, primeramente, se deben revisar si este concepto se está aplicando correctamente.
EDUCAÇÃO PATRIMONIAL: O QUE É ISSO PROFESSORA?
Authors: Belleboni-Rodrigues Renata Cardoso , Belleboni-Rodrigues Renata Cardoso
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo é resultado de reflexões perpetradas a partir da experiência em ministrar a disciplina Patrimônio Cultural: técnicas de arquivo e introdução à museologia aos discentes do curso de História do Centro Universitário Claretiano na modalidade a distância. O objetivo do mesmo é o de apresentar ao leitor algumas considerações acerca do desconhecimento de uma parte do alunado sobre o que é educação patrimonial e evidenciar que, ao finalizar os estudos e a compreensão do conteúdo trabalhado na disciplina acima descrita, este mesmo público tem suas primeiras percepções e experiências modificadas.
Conscientização dos usuários de bibliotecas por meio da educação patrimonial alicerçada em ferramentas visuais
Authors: Flores Anna Claudia Da Costa , Perez Carlos Blaya
Published: April 2017

Diante de problemas constatados no acervo da Biblioteca Setorial do Centro de Educação (BSCE) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), como livros riscados, sem páginas, sujos e muitas vezes desaparecidos das estantes da biblioteca, verificou-se a necessidade de elaborar um programa de educação patrimonial alicerçado em ferramentas visuais com sinalização apropriada durante o desenvolvimento do projeto. Acredita-se que esse patrimônio somente será conservado por intermédio de um trabalho de conscientização do usuário. Consideraram-se a situação do acervo, a pesquisa sobre legislação referente, a educação patrimonial e a sinalização por imagens.
Café Ponto Chic como um espaço de memória: uma discussão sobre patrimônio cultural, convivência e o Café Senadinho
Authors: Souza Isabella Cristina de
Published: April 2017

Na esquina das Ruas Felipe Schmidt e Trajano, em Florianópolis, foi aberta em 1948 uma cafeteria que viria a se transformar em um tradicional ponto de encontro e sociabilidade da cidade de Florianópolis: o Café Ponto Chic, mais conhecido pelo apelido de Senadinho. Após décadas atuando como um espaço constitutivo do cotidiano de muitos moradores ilhéus, o Café seria fechado, em 2004, por problemas financeiros. Alguns clientes do estabelecimento, não conformados com seu fechamento, se organizaram e criaram um movimento que procurava justificar o Café como um patrimônio da cidade, intitulado SOS Ponto Chic – Movimento Popular pela Reabertura do Café Ponto Chic. Nesse processo, diferentes discursos de patrimonialização emergiram, e neles apenas alguns marcos da trajetória do Café foram retomados e ressignificados. Nesse sentido, este artigo investiga quais são os marcos da história do Ponto Chic a que esses diferentes discursos de patrimonialização dão visibilidade, atuando no processo de “enquadramento de memória” sobre a cafeteria. Como resultado desse movimento, o Café Ponto Chic reabriu suas portas, mas com nova aparência. Também se reivindicou a construção de painéis que deveriam ser expostos no espaço do novo Café, contando a trajetória do Ponto Chic na história de Florianópolis. Tais painéis, além de enquadrar uma determinada memória sobre a cafeteria, criavam uma aura de lugar de memória e de um espaço diferenciado da cidade.
Zona sul de Porto Alegre: uma experiência em história oral
Authors: Fay Claudia Fay , Machado Janete
Published: April 2017

Ao realizar uma pesquisa sobre a zona sul de Porto Alegre, em especial no bairro Ipanema deparou-se com um conjunto de memórias construídas pelos moradores do local. Por ser uma história recente, optou-se por utilizar como fonte de pesquisa as entrevistas gravadas com os indivíduos que participaram ou testemunharam os contecimentos do bairro. Todas as entrevistas realizadas foramdepositadas no Laboratório de Pesquisas em História Oral da PUCRS (LAPHO) e ao longo do tempo possibilitaram a produção de uma Dissertação de Mestrado e um Projeto de Doutorado. A realização da pesquisa tornou possível recolher um acervo significativo de fotografias, cartas e entrevistas, que foi sendo disponibilizado paracomunidade através da imprensa e de um Blog criado pela pesquisadora Janete Machado. O propósito, ao relatar a experiência, é incentivar outras práticas e preservar a memória do lugar para que seja compartilhada pelas novas gerações. Palavras-chave: Porto Alegre; história oral; veraneio; memória; cidade.