bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-Program Education Students' and Teacher Educators' Understandings of Teaching and Learning Within a Bilingual Community
Authors: Jackson Annmarie P. , Washell Cristina R.
Published: February 2022

This qualitative case study explores ways in which three teacher educators and three pre-program education students' understanding developed while working with students in an after-school literacy program within an immigrant community. The theoretical lenses guiding the study were funds of knowledge, translanguaging, and cultural responsive teaching. The results of the study show that teacher educators' understanding of pedagogy was shaped as they theorized about their own teacher preparation. The pre-program students were able to gain invaluable strategies for working with the children within their own community. Their learning included not only understandings about pedagogy, but also about the experiential realities of students' lives, outside of their cultures.
Engaging Vital Older Adults in Intergenerational Service-Learning
Authors: Zucchero Reneé A.
Published: February 2022

The population of older adults within the United States is growing rapidly, which calls for increased understanding of that population. However, ageism is pervasive and one of the most engrained forms of prejudice. Intergenerational service-learning may be one way to reduce negative stereotypes and ageism. The Co-Mentoring Project is an intergenerational service-learning project that matches undergraduate students and vital older adult volunteers. Students meet with their partners at least four times over the course of the semester to conduct a life review and gather information to begin the older adults' memoirs. This chapter provides a rationale for intergenerational service-learning and information about its theoretical underpinnings. The chapter also offers information about service-learning best practices, including structured reflection, and how the Project's methodology is consistent with them. The multi-modal assessment conducted for the Project and its outcomes are discussed. Finally, directions for future research are described.
Mentoring Dispositions for Pre-Service and Early Career Special Educators Through Service Learning
Authors: Chamblin Michelle , Cerruto Audra , Moroney Rickey , Mason Patricia
Published: February 2022

Service learning projects were created and implemented by faculty in the special education unit at Molloy College for pre-service and early career special education teachers. The service learning projects provided an opportunity for faculty to mentor participants in the area of dispositions for teaching through a shared experience outside of the higher education classroom. The projects were conducted in/or with community schools serving the K-12 population and students with disabilities in inclusive settings. It was hypothesized that service learning opportunities would serve as a platform for participants to reflect and to evaluate their dispositions as they act and interact in environments which were multidimensional. The results indicated that this was the case and that participants gained insights into their dispositions when the statements of dispositions were related to an experience. Faculty concluded that a variety of service learning projects provided varied opportunities for participants to exercise beliefs and bring clarity to the term “dispositions for teaching.”
The Value of Service-Learning in L2 Teacher Preparation
Authors: Lindahl Kristen M. , Tomas Zuzana , Farrelly Raichle , Krulatz Anna
Published: February 2022

Service-learning (SL) constitutes a particularly effective vehicle for engaging pre-service teachers with ELs during their university-level coursework, mostly due to the nature of SL that addresses the potential cultural and linguistic mismatch between teachers and learners in today's school systems by encouraging future educators to engage with the communities of their students long before they enter the teaching profession. This chapter describes four cases that demonstrate how second language (L2) teacher education programs utilize service-learning (SL) to engage pre-service teachers in diverse cultural and linguistic contexts through the lens of pedagogy of particularity. Each case presents four consistent key principles of service-learning: course content, community collaboration, integrated assignments that guide student engagement, and reflective practices that culminate the SL experience.
Roles and Responsibilities of Different Roleplayers in the Provision of Inclusive Education
Authors: Mpontshane Nozipho Bethusile
Published: February 2022

South Africa adopted the Education White Paper 6, 2001 to address barriers to learning in the education system. Inclusive education as a new reality in South Africa brings along major philosophical shifts at all levels of society. The focus of this chapter was to review the roles and responsibilities of different role players in the provision of inclusion with an intention of establishing the place of Ubuntu in the provision of inclusive education. The chapter used Ubuntu as theoretical framework and document analysis as the method of obtaining information. This chapter revealed that the values of Ubuntu are embedded within the roles and responsibilities of different role players providing inclusive education in South Africa. Everyone has a responsibility to implement these values and to ensure that all learners, with or without disabilities, pursue their learning potential to the fullest.
Inclusive Education Volition, Participation, and Social Change
Authors: Maguvhe Mbulaheni Obert
Published: February 2022

Lack of access to educational resources and inequality in educational provision are the main reasons why learners with disabilities do not benefit from or participate in education. Inclusive education is meant to remove and/or minimise barriers to learning to enable learners from different backgrounds to participate in education effectively. The main aim of this chapter is to reemphasize and entrench values which prioritise equal access and equity in the provision of education to all people. Principles of inclusive education were discussed and were premised on democratic perspectives including and not limited to sovereignty of the people, government based upon the consent of the governed and majority rule. This chapter places significant weight on the importance of actions of people who face various barriers to learning whose will to partake in inclusive development (volition) should contribute to positive change on their lives and the progress of their whole societies.
The Dynamism of Cultural Practices With Regard to Learners With Disabilities
Authors: Masuku Mfundo Mandla , Mathe Vusi Clearance
Published: February 2022

This chapter examines cultural practices about learners living with disabilities in the South African context. This involves the role of beliefs, culture, and even the values in the community and the creation of the school curriculum. The Ubuntu concept lies at the heart of the African way of life and impacts on every aspect of people's well-being. Ubuntu is actually regarded as the soul force that drives almost every facet of societal life in African societies and that creates the relationship between the African community. Ubuntu in the South African context or society is seen as the act of being human, caring, sympathy, empathy, forgiveness, or any values of humanness towards others. Ubuntu is a capacity in South African culture that expresses compassion, reciprocity, dignity, harmony, and humanity in the interest of building and maintaining a community with justice and mutual caring. The consequences of failure to embrace Ubuntu in South African schools manifests itself through learner indiscipline and staff not respecting each other.
Student Support
Authors: Sithole Mbongeni S.
Published: February 2022

Support services are provided to meet student needs. As a result, they are regarded as fundamental to the success of the educational system. There is evidence depicting that, despite remarkable strides in realising inclusive education, in the current form student support services appear to have some shortcomings. The education system's landscape tends to promote a deficit discourse, providing that certain issues, individuals, or groups received more attention than others. This chapter aims to analyse the limitations of the current student support services and suggests the reform of student support in line with the Afrocentric-centred perspective. In response to this ontological and methodological shortcoming, the implied need for advancement of the Afrocentric-centred approach is deeply rooted in the African ethos. In line with the advancement of the Afrocentric perspective, it is recommended that the elements like culture, values, equity, self-identity, social control, and power and education be considered.
Using African Epistemology Insight to Unpack Inclusive Education
Authors: Masuku Mfundo Mandla , Maguvhe Mbulaheni Obert
Published: February 2022

In each chapter, ubuntu and Afrocentricity was used to interpret and discuss inclusive education by using African concepts linked to African cultures without an alternative to Western approaches and frameworks. The book provides exclusive insight into the way relationships between inclusive education and African epistemology can jell well towards the construction of knowledge and understanding that promote local knowledge in tackling “inclusive education” in the African environment. Although the book acknowledges that calls for Africanising the entire education system are not new, less focus was paid to inclusive education. The book confirmed that the study of inclusive education has developed and been controlled by the Western philosophers as part of agenda to control knowledge generation by ignoring African indigenous knowledge systems to understand wholistically education dynamics.
Gender Issues and Priorities in Republic of Belarus
Authors: Sibirskaya Albina
Published: February 2022

In today's world, sustainable development of society is impossible without gender equality. Gender equality is one of the indicators of the level of democratization of society, the level of its civilization. There are gender-related problems in the world of access to resources and benefits, such as access to education or healthcare and treatment, or wage differentials between women and men. These differences are usually caused, in particular, by the customs of society, religious prejudices, social conditions. Gender stratification in society provokes an uneven distribution of wealth, power, and privileges between men and women in the aftermath. Gender issues are addressed at all levels, including legislation, policies, economic, and social programs. The ultimate goal of integration is to achieve gender equality.
Conceptualizing Gender Mainstreaming and Women Empowerment in the 21st Century
Authors: George Irene , Kuruvilla Moly
Published: February 2022

Gender mainstreaming is the globally accepted strategy for sustainable development. The concepts of women empowerment, gender mainstreaming, and sustainable development are illustrated in this chapter. Numerous strategies are proposed from different parts of the globe, but these strategies are contextual in the sense that those applicable and successful in one country may not prove to be effective in another country. Since gender operates in innumerable subtle ways and its implications vary with time and space, the gender mainstreaming strategies also would vary accordingly. Women do not represent a homogenous group, and hence, the question of intersectionality should be of prime importance while designing strategies for women empowerment. The inclusion of all genders including transgender and other sexual minorities also should be taken care of to ensure sustainable development. The new dimensions and the shift in focus required with regard to the existing strategies of women empowerment are discussed in the chapter.
Representation of Women in the Connecting of the Public Space Area/Special Area
Authors: Gürsoy Atar Özge
Published: February 2022

With the industrial revolution, the public/private distinction became even more acute. From the traditional point of view, those who make a living (men) by working outside the home in paid work are perceived as part of their participation in public life. Economically dependent people (women) were perceived as belonging to the private sphere. We see that the concept of private space is mentioned together with women. It is always criticized that the concepts of private sphere and motherhood limit women. The existing order is maintained by repeating these discourses in mass media such as cinema and television. In contemporary narrative cinema, however, this limitation of women is intended to be altered by addressing it with a different language or by going beyond conventional stereotypes. In this context, Mother! the film will be examined in the context of feminist film criticism through the representation of space.
Gender Representation in New Media Through Global Calendar Photographs
Authors: Karabacak Zaliha İnci , Özgen Özlen
Published: February 2022

New media that enables access to more people is a preferred platform by Lavazza for bringing together consumers from all around the world within the framework of coffee culture by means of photography. Lavazza calendar photos (1993-2012) have been analysed using Dyer's non-verbal communication means and lines of appeal under the following headings: “Sexually Highlighted Female Body in Lavazza Calendar Photos,” “Different Sexual Orientations as Secondary Emphasis of Lavazza Calendar Photos,” “Idealized Body Look of Models of Lavazza Calendars,” “Roles of Women and Men in Family in Lavazza Calendar Photos,” “Queens and Superheroines in Lavazza Calendars,” “Widespread Representation of White Race in Lavazza Calendar Photos,” “Italian Cities and Italian Local and National Items in Lavazza Calendars,” “Signs of Different Geography, Culture and Life Styles in Lavazza Calendar Photos,” and “Lines of Appeal in Lavazza Calendar Photos.” According to the findings, both non-verbal means of communication in terms of gender and lines of appeal in Lavazza calendar photos in new media have changed over the years.
The Construction of the Social Reality From the News Narrative to Transmedia Storytelling
Authors: Erdem Beste Nigar
Published: February 2022

The present study discusses how a masculine violence is presented in the news narrative in Turkey. Moreover, this study aims to analyze how the mental designs are reflected to the multimedia platforms and how it constitutes the social interactions and reflexes. Fundamentally, this study queries how the social reality area is reconstructed. Constructing the theoretical frame and the literature review of the masculine violence are the major concerns of this study. Additionally, the role of the news narrative in the construction of the social reality and the representation of the news of masculine violence are examined in this study. Finally, a case of masculine violence in Turkey has been examined in the social production context of the transmedia storytelling.
Feminist Discourse in Animated Films
Authors: Ulusal Dilek
Published: February 2022

Animation in cinema, which appeals not only to children but also adults, is one of the most important film genres that has existed since the birth of cinema. As in the other genres of cinema, feminist discourse formed through female characters is remarkable in animated cinema. This study aimed to present the feminist narratives in animated films, one of the most popular film genres today. In this context, computer-animated fantasy film Brave, regarded as one of the feminist films in animation cinema, was included in the scope of the study and was investigated in line with feminist film theory. The study revealed, as opposed to the powerless and passive woman image imposed by the patriarchal structure in society, the female characters in this film were represented as strong, brave, and free as designed by feminist ideology.
The Representation of Women in Feminist Cinema
Authors: Akçora As Elçin , Parsa Alev Fatoş
Published: February 2022

In the art of cinema, which fulfills the function of a “dream factory” with its male-dominated narrative structure, men are represented in active roles with their actions, while women in passive roles that do not or cannot interfere with the flow of events with their inactions. This perception, which dominates the cinema, showed a change with the reflection of intellectual context of the Second Wave Feminism to the films. In this sense, in the study, Fried Green Tomatoes, regarded as a feminist film example by movie critics and directed by Jon Avnet in 1991, was chosen as a sample. In the study, structuralist narrative codes that construct meaning in the film are analyzed in the context of feminist thought and film theory paradigms. In the film, the “strong female character representations,” which are placed in the center of narrative and positioned to advance the story, are subjected in the foreground; these characters also stand against the known stereotyped roles imposed on women by traditional narrative cinema.
Masculine Domination and Gender in Bourdieusian Sociology
Authors: Demircan Birol
Published: February 2022

In the study, Mexican director Alfonso Cuarón's movie Roma was examined. The movie takes place in Mexico in the 1970s, at a time when the society demanded change. Instead of questioning the traumatic background of being abandoned by the father, the director focused on the maid of the house and a disaster that happened to her. Alfonso Cuarón, who shot the film in black and white, created it as the director, producer, editor, screenwriter, and cinematographer of the movie. The movie, which is about women's loneliness and gender, will be evaluated based on Pierre Bourdieu's statements on masculine domination.
Masculinities and Media Culture in Indian Bollywood Films
Authors: Talukdar Hoimawati
Published: February 2022

Over the past few decades women's studies have centered their attention on the role of media in shaping the attitudes and social behavior of people. The role of men and the trait of masculinity has been considered as the norm and in most cases the portrayal of men in media is seen as unproblematic and exemplary. In view of such a situation it becomes immensely important to not how find out the roles of men in regard to the women but also how men too have problems in constructing the larger gamut of gender as one of the key ingredients of social relationships. This article provides an in-depth study of the role of men, media and society with special attention to the popular Indian cinematic genre of Bollywood.
Woman Representation in Turkish Detective Series
Authors: Bayar Armoni
Published: February 2022

In Turkish series, the audience watches so many representations of women. It is always so clear that woman has some trouble during her life especially if she works somewhere. And if she is a police officer, these troubles get more and more. She works in a very stressful place and has really hard times. The scope of the study is to examine woman representation in Şahsiyet mini internet series. In this study, the woman commissioner Nevra who is a character in Şahsiyet series, which was presented to the audience over the internet in 2018, was examined with the qualitative content analysis.
Gender Equality and Inequality
Authors: Bibeau Alana M.
Published: February 2022

Gender inequality remains a significant issue for social justice activists across the globe. It affects people of all ages at home, in school, and in the workplace—in micro-level interactions and through macro-level social structures. The purpose of this chapter is to familiarize readers with the terms and concepts necessary to understand the causes and consequences of gender inequality. The chapter begins by outlining key terms related to gender equality and inequality. It then goes on to provide a historical and theoretical overview of the main frameworks utilized by feminist scholars and activists in the struggle for equal rights before offering suggestions for the utility of a feminist lens in any social justice toolbox.
Application of Advanced Hearing Aid Technology in Pediatric Hearing Aid Fitting
Authors: Prabhu Prashanth
Published: February 2022

Pediatric hearing aid fitting has always been a challenge for an audiologist. There are lots of technological advances in the field of hearing aids which are yet to be verified and used in the pediatric population. The chapter focuses on reviewing the recent advancements in hearing aid technology which can benefit children with hearing impairment. It is attempted to determine the application of these technology in pediatric hearing aid fitting. The lack of translational research to provide empirical evidence in this area is highlighted. It is stressed in the chapter that audiologists should use their clinical knowledge and use appropriate verification methods to make appropriate recommendations in pediatric hearing aid fitting.
Muscle, Connective Tissue, and Neonatal Disorders
Authors: Wambuguh Oscar J.
Published: February 2022

The skeleton provides the framework and anchor points against which muscles, attached via tendons, can exert force. Three types of cells are involved in making bone: osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and cartilage. The human muscle system is made up of three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. The neonate period of life is the first 4 weeks after the birth of an infant. This chapter presents 11 genetic disorders that affect muscles, connective tissue, and newborns. These include achondroplasia, Charcot-Marie tooth syndrome, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Marfan syndrome, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive, myotonic dystrophy, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, fragile-X syndrome, and Waardenburg syndrome.
Safe and Effective Galactogogues From Unani System of Medicine
Authors: Siddiqui Aslam , Zakir Mohammad , Kazmi Munawwar Husain
Published: February 2022

Malnutrition is one of the major challenges for infants and children throughout the world. Breast feeding is a natural way of providing infants with the essential nutrients and is recommended as a perfect food for newborns. According to the WHO, breast feeding should be initiated within the first hour of birth and should be continued up to six months. Qilla al-Laban is a condition mentioned in Unani medicine in which breast milk production decreases or becomes scanty. It is due to the altered blood quality or quantity, Sū'-i-Mizāj and Ghalaba-i-Akhlat. Muwallid-i-Laban is an agent that promotes the secretion of milk. Synthetic drugs for augmentation of lactation have major safety concerns. Several galactogogues like Satawar, Musli safaid, etc. are being successfully prescribed by Unani physician since ancient times. This chapter describes various galactogogue mentioned in Unani system of medicine for promoting the production and secretion of milk. The dietary recommendations and drugs used to increase milk production are from natural source and chances of adverse effects are minimal.
ADHD and Addiction
Authors: Maiti Tanay , Hasija Aastha Dhingra
Published: February 2022

ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has gained immense importance both among the clinicians and researchers because of its early onset, variable clinical presentations, and prominent heritability. Along with the established symptom clusters of attention deficit and hyperactivity, a load of comorbidities have been found hugely prevalent for this population, increasing the morbidity and distress level and turning the management more complex. The early childhood and adolescent onset of this externalizing behavior-based disorder also makes the individual more prone to other externalizing behavioral problems, like addiction to variable psychoactive substances. Adolescent, being a natural age towards risk taking and novelty seeking, addiction proneness itself is a major individual and public health challenge to which ADHD works as potential fuel. In recent times, the upsurge of various behavioral addictions has also been seen prominently in the ADHD population increasing the morbidity and complexity. Treatment options need to be researched in detail.
A Case Study in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Goraya Jatinder
Published: February 2022

Autism spectrum disorder is well known disorder that has its onset in early childhood and is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication/social interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Evaluation and treatment involve multidisciplinary approach. Outcome is not always favorable and most affected children continue to face challenges in social, academic, and occupational domains of life even as adults. This chapter on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) describes clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment through a case study of a young child.
Preventing Teen Pregnancy at Pre-Adolescence
Authors: Harris Kari R. , Hopper Melissa T.
Published: February 2022

Much attention is given to preventing teen pregnancy in the adolescent years, but primary prevention can and should start at a much younger age. Prevention strategies should be targeted at pre-adolescents with parents as leaders in the effort; however, healthcare providers, school systems, trusted adults, and the media are also critical components of this prevention team. This chapter discusses pediatric brain maturation, emphasizes the importance of adult-youth relationships, briefly reviews the risk factors associated with teen pregnancy, and explores methods of prevention that can be applied throughout the pre-adolescent stage of development.
Blockchain and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Kashyap Prachurjya , Numan Syed Tafreed , Kumar Amit , Paul Rohit , Venkateswarlu Boddu , Muppalaneni Naresh Babu , Borah Malaya Dutta
Published: February 2022

Supply chain is one of critical components of vaccination drive. A robust and efficient supply chain of vaccines would help increase the speed and efficiency of vaccination, therefore reducing vaccine wastage. This system uses centralised algorithms. They are prone to single point of failure in terms of transparency, trackability and traceability, immutability, audit, and trust. These issues stymie and slow the distribution of COVID-19 vaccinations, and they make it impossible to provide a safe, secure, transparent, and reliable distribution and delivery process of COVID-19 vaccines. The authors propose a blockchain-based approach to manage data linked to COVID-19 vaccines. To automate vaccination tracing, a smart contract for vaccine distribution is being created. The authors discuss and implement the proposed solution, as well as their implementation testing and validation; they evaluate the proposed solution by performing cost and security analyses and comparing them to existing solutions, and they evaluate the proposed solution by performing cost and security analyses and comparing them to existing solutions.
Scope and Application of Blockchain in an Ancient System of Indian Medicine, “Ayurveda”
Authors: Aku Amulya Murthy
Published: February 2022

In a variety of ways, blockchain technology has the potential to enhance healthcare and well-being in the future. Products of high value but low volume such as pharmaceuticals, health food, cosmetics, and other things can all benefit from the potential applications of this technology in these niche sectors. In this chapter, the authors examine the breadth and applications of blockchain technology in the ancient Indian medical system, as well as the challenges and opportunities it presents. Ayurvedic science has been around for 5000 years and contains all of the principles, techniques, and treatments necessary to not only prevent and promote health but also to cure any underlying health concerns that may exist. This will improve the statistical reliability of clinical data in Ayurvedic medicine, as well as make it simpler to distinguish between false and accurate data while analyzing clinical data.
Researching of the Influence of the Cutting Parameters of Expanded Polystyrene with a Thermal Tool on the Form Errors of the Product
Authors: Rivkin Alexey V. , Sobolev Alexandr N. , Nekrasov Alexey Ja. , Arbuzov Michael O.
Published: February 2022

The article studies the shape errors that occur when cutting styrofoam with a thermo-tool under various cutting modes, and selects the optimal cutting speed.
Influence of Processing Modes on the Distribution of Wall Thickness during Cell Formation
Authors: Shemonaeva Elena S. , Goncharov Alexei V.
Published: February 2022

In this paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of the process of forming the cellular components. The influence on the geometric parameters of cells of different stamping mode is determined by the required number of time steps, it shows the effect of hardening.
Increased Material Durability with a Discrete Oxide Layer
Authors: Chekalova Elena A. , Zhuravlev Andrey V.
Published: February 2022

To increase the durability of the cutting tool when machining parts in mechanical engineering and engine building, the method of applying a diffusion discrete oxide layer with a polycrystalline structure can be used. By identifying the durability of the cutting tool with the period of its durability, we obtain an expression for the effective molar activation energy. Comparative tests have shown that a cutting tool with a diffusion discrete oxide layer can increase the durability when machining parts in comparison with a tool coated with TiСN, which in turn allows to increase the service life of parts by at least 2 times.
Influence of Forging Force on Tensile Strength of the 30KhGSA/40KhMFA Steels Welded Joints Made by Rotary Friction Welding
Authors: Kuzmina Elena , Priymak Elena , Firsova Nadezhda
Published: February 2022

This paper presents studies of welded joints of steels 30KhGSA and 40KhMFA made by rotary friction welding. The influence of the forging force on the microstructure and tensile properties of standard specimens and specimens with a notch in the contact zone is analyzed. The results of measuring the microhardness and fractogram of the fracture surface are presented. It has been established that in the selected range of forging forces, the strength of the contact zone is higher than other sections of the thermomechanical affected zone and the base metal of the materials to be welded. In this case, the maximum strength of the contact zone occurs at lower values ​​of the forging force due to the formation of common grains along the contact line as a result of the process of mutual volumetric recrystallization.
Influence of Tungsten Nanopowders on the Kinetics of Cement Stone Strength Gain
Authors: Gavrish V.M. , Chayka Tatyana , Oleynik Artem , Derbasova Nadezhda
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of research of influence of nanopowders of tungsten compounds obtained from hard-alloy waste on structure formation and kinetics of cement stone strength gain. The positive effect of additives on the mechanical and structural characteristics of the cement stone in the concentration range of 1...5 wt.% has been established.
Application of Nano-Chromium Oxide for Production of Boron Carbide Ceramics
Authors: Eremeeva Zhanna V. , Kamali Saeed , Lizunov Artem I. , Konyukhov Yury V.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we present the development of new types of boron carbide-based ceramics. Boron carbide is applied in the electronics and nuclear industries as well as for production of the grinding and abrasive materials, protective plates for body armor. The interaction of boron carbide with chromium nano-oxide additives (1-5 wt.%) during sintering was studied by mass spectrometry. It is shown that the formation of chromium nano-boride takes place at the stages of formation of metallic chromium, the lowest chromium boride and chromium carbide. The maximum solubility of chromium in the boron carbide lattice was found to be 0.5 wt.%. A composite material based on boron carbide, В4С with CrB2 nano-inclusions, was prepared. The bending strength and modulus of normal elasticity were equal to 44.6 MPa and 449.5 GPa, respectively. Micro-hardness and residual porosity were determined to be 40 GPa and 5-7 %.
Development of Thermoplastic Composite Tube from HDPE/Barley Straw Fibers Using Extrusion Method
Authors: Kuzmin Anton M. , Ayrilmis Nadir , Chalganov Dmitry K.
Published: February 2022

This paper was devoted to the technological process of manufacturing a biocomposites tube made of low-density polyethylene and barley straw fibers. 50% of HDPE, 42% barley straw, 5% of shungite (mineral filler), 2% Maleid F (N, N-metaphenylenediamine) as coupling agent, and 1% Hexol CLA as lubricant were pre-mixed before compounding. The compounding of the raw materials was carried out on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The resulting granules were fed into the single screw extruder to obtain thermoplastic composite tubes. The temperature regime for the HDPE/barley straw composite processing was in the range of 145-160 °C and the screw rotation speed was 50 rpm. The tensile strength and modulus were found to be 27.7 MPa and 1687 MPa, respectively. The water absorption (24-h) and density of the specimens were 1.43% and 1.158 g/cm3, respectively. Based on the findings obtained from the present study, it can be said that the barley straw can be efficiently used in the production of tube formed HDPE composites.
Technology of Obtaining and Mechanical Processing of Resistant Powder Coatings of Ni-Mo-Al System
Authors: Plesovskikh Alexey Yu. , Krylova Svetlana E. , Yurshev Vladimir I. , Seregin Andrey A. , Kurnoskin Ivan A.
Published: February 2022

The results of a technological process development for obtaining a wear-resistant powder coating of Ni-Mo-Al system, applied by cold gas-flame spraying to the surface of a critical unit of compressor equipment in the oil and gas industry, within the framework of repair production are presented. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the features of the structure and distribution of alloying elements in the coating are determined. The authors rationalized mechanical processing of the surface layer in order to obtain minimum roughness of the working area of the compressor cylinder. It is shown that the sprayed coating of Ni-Mo-Al system has a satisfactory adhesion strength in the range of 30-50 MPa, microhardness of 200-210 HV, which provides an increased running-in rate of piston rings of 6-10 mm3/Nm when operating the compressor in the temperature range of 350 - 400 °C. The parameters of finishing machining process of the finished coating are worked out, which makes it possible to ensure the minimum possible roughness of the coating of Ni-Mo-Al system in the range of 0.08-0.15 Ra in order to reduce wear of the working surface and extend service life.
Intensification of Restoration of Hydraulic Equipment Components by Iron Plating in the Flow of Electrolyte
Authors: Kisel Yuri , Simokhin Sergei , Shirobokova Olga , Obozov Alexey , Markaryants Larisa
Published: February 2022

The influence of electrolysis conditions and the composition of electrolyte for iron plating in the flow of electrolyte on the adhesion strength, microhardness and wear resistance of coatings were studied. The optimal composition of electrolyte for iron plating and the structure of coatings that provide the highest abrasive wear resistance were determined. Advisability of using iron plating in the flow of electrolyte for restoration of spools for hydraulic control valves was demonstrated.
Regularities of Mass Transfer in the Finishing Layer on the Basis of a Heat-Insulating Dry Construction Mixture in the Process of Moistening
Authors: Loganina Valentina I. , Frolov Mikhail , Fokin Georgy A. , Deneef Al Saedi Bassam Shareef
Published: February 2022

A lime composition of a dry building mixture for finishing walls of buildings made of aerated concrete is proposed. The composition contains ash aluminosilicate microspheres as a filler. The kinetics of humidification of finishing coatings of building walls is described. For comparison, the work also investigated the processes of mass transfer in cement-sand plaster using quartz sand, as well as in plaster using vermiculite sand. A mathematical model of the process of wetting a composite based on a dry construction mixture is presented. Comparison of calculated and experimental data is carried out, their good agreement is shown. It is shown that a heat-insulating decorative coating based on a composition with ash aluminosilicate microspheres has a higher crack resistance in the process of moistening.
A Note on the Change in the Surface Quality Characteristics during Flat Grinding of Titanium Intermetallic with Shape Memory Effect
Authors: Soler Yakov , Kazimirov Denis
Published: February 2022

Ti-based intermetallic compounds are characterized by low machinability, therefore, to obtain accurate dimensions and shape of the surface grinding and Wire EDM are used. The unique properties of NiTi intermetallic alloys are largely influenced by structural phase transformations and variations in microhardness caused by processing accompanied by thermal phenomena. Having an understanding of the physics of the process, it is possible to counteract negative effects, which helps to preserve thermomechanical properties of the final NiTi products. Accumulation of knowledge about the quality of processing with various abrasive tools is part of the larger research presented in this article. Samples of titanium nickelide with a temperature Af=+25 0С were abraded with ordinary and high porosity SiC wheels. The article studied phase transformations using X-ray diffraction analysis and microhardness. The experimental data were processed using mathematical statistics. X-ray diffraction patterns and microhardness analysis showed that a significant effect on the structural transformation and corresponding increase in microhardness is exerted by grinding with green SiC wheels with normal porosity caused by an increased thermal effect on the surface. Simultaneously, the impact of Wire EDM process on microhardness in preparing workpieces for grinding was evaluated. It was established that grinding of Ti-based intermetallic compounds with memory effect should be performed by SiC wheels with an open structure of high porosity.
Amorphous-Crystalline Composite Microstructure Formation in Zr46Cu46Al8 Alloy at the Conditions of Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Bacheeva Angelina V. , Khmyrov R.S. , Korotkov Andrey D. , Tarasova T.V. , Gusarov A.V.
Published: February 2022

Amorphous alloys are promising structural materials because of their high mechanical strength. Their drawbacks are low ductility and severe size restrictions for components obtained by casting. Additive manufacturing by selective laser melting (SLM) consists in successive fusion of small portions of material to add to a growing part. Each portion is subjected to a short thermal cycle favorable for amorphization. Thus, one can build an amorphous part as large as necessary. We study the microstructure of cast samples of a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass after laser processing with the parameters typical for SLM. Scanning electronic microscopy has shown partial crystallization in the heat affected zone of the laser beam. The spatial distribution and the volume fraction of the crystalline phase can be controlled by laser processing parameters. The obtained amorphous-crystalline structures are promising to increase the ductility of bulk metallic glasses.
Titanium Drawing
Authors: Byvaltsev Sergey V.
Published: February 2022

To improve the quality of human life, sometimes, surgical interventions are required to replace or retain damaged tissue during reparative regeneration. Titanium and titanium alloys are well-proven biocompatible materials. The methods of modeling the phase composition of the titanium alloy can be used to predict the chemical and physical-mechanical properties of implants and suture material. In this research, the features of the titanium drawing process are investigated, recommendations are given for thermo-mechanical processing and the choice of a lubricant. Modeling the structure and phase composition of alloys allows predicting their properties and choosing the optimal technological parameters for all drawing transitions. Drawing must be performed in a friction mode close to the hydrodynamic regime with intermediate annealing to control the phase composition of titanium, restore the plasticity resource, and heal crystal structure defects. The composition of atmospheric gases during annealing makes it possible to control the phase composition and properties of the alloy. The use of exfoliated graphite is proposed as a lubricant applied to the anodized titanium surface.
Influence of Friction Stir Welding Modes of Copper and Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Rzaev Radmir , Chularis Alexander , Chernykh Ivan , Semenova Larisa
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the influence of the parameters of friction stir welding modes on the formation of the outer surface of the weld and the thickness of the intermetallic layer for the thickness of the welded samples of 3 mm. Changing the rotation speed from 600 rpm to 1000 rpm of the welding tool allows you to control the amount of energy input to transfer the welded material into a superplastic state. The welding speed was varied from 20 mm/min to 80 mm/min. The most optimal mode was for an aluminum and copper alloy with a thickness of 3 mm, a rotation speed of 900 rpm, a welding speed of 25 mm/min, an angle of inclination of 30 at which the mechanical properties of the welded seam approached the most plastic material (aluminum). The article considered thermal cycles measured near the pin from the side of the aluminum and copper alloy. The maximum temperature was 900 K on a copper alloy. The parameters of welding modes also affect the formation of intermetallic layers. If the thickness of the intermetallic layer does not exceed 4-5 μm, then increased values of the mechanical strength of the welded dissimilar joint are observed.
Investigation of Factors Affecting Adhesion Strength of Adhesive Layer to Substrate Surface
Authors: Zinovev Vladimir , Zinovev N. , Fomichenko E.
Published: February 2022

The article examines the aspects of predicting the durability of equipment components assembled using polymer reinforcing compounds. A method for calculating the key parameters of joints that have a primary impact on the durability of friction units is presented.
Simulation of a Diamond Grain Interaction with Ceramics Using the Smoothed Particle Galerkin Method
Authors: Kurnenkov Anton , Shurygin Aleksej , Glebov Vladimir
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of a single grain scratching simulation of a ceramic workpiece using the smoothed particle Galerkin method. The studies were carried out for 0.1-0.8 μm depths of cut, matching the ductile-brittle transition of ceramics grinding with minimum subsurface damage. The crack depth and scratching force were obtained for scratching speed of 40-140 m/s.
Wood-Cement Composite and its Reinforcement with Wooden Bars
Authors: Dolmatov Sergey N. , Kolesnikov P.G.
Published: February 2022

The task of reducing the negative environmental impact of industrial production and human economic activity is a prerequisite for the development of energy-saving technologies and materials based on industrial and household waste. The technology for the production of wood-cement composite materials is of great importance from an engineering point of view, as well as the technology for wood waste disposal, which has environmental attractiveness. Wood-cement composites are used as heat-insulating and structural materials. At the same time, one of the factors limiting their wide distribution is insufficient bearing capacity. In the course of the research, the strength indicators of building blocks made of wood-cement composite were determined, provided they were reinforced with wooden bars. The authors also concentrated on the thermal efficiency factors influenced by the presence of a block of reinforcing elements in the massif. The study was carried out by means of a physical experiment using Elcut software package. The resulting increase in strength during reinforcement amounted to 27 ... 31% or 3.1 ... 3.22 MPa with the initial strength indicators of the unreinforced block - 2.44 MPa. The volume of the resistance to heat transfer of the block made of a wood-cement composite during its reinforcement practically does not change. The results obtained can be used in the design and operation of building structures.
Identification of Elastic Characteristics of Unidirectional CFRP under Off-Axis Tension Taking into Account the Rates of Loading
Authors: Dumanskiy Alexander , Alimov Mukhamiat
Published: February 2022

Polymer-based fiber composites have a number of unique physical and mechanical properties and are widely used in the design of structural elements in rocket and space engineering. However, along with the high characteristics of strength and rigidity, there is a noticeable anisotropy of properties which contributes to occurrence and development of damage leading to degradation of the load bearing capacity of structures and their premature destruction. Along with development of micromechanical and phenomenological models, an important place has the procedure for identifying the basic characteristics of composite materials. Such characteristics, in particular, include those of layer elasticity which are usually used when designing structures. However, even such characteristics depend on the loading conditions and for their identification, computational methods based on statistical analysis should be used. This paper attempts to identify the elastic characteristics based on test results of unidirectional carbon plastic with AS4 carbon fibers and polyetheretherketone thermoplastic matrix. For identification, the least squares method was used for samples tested at off-axis angles of 0, 10, 30, 45, 60 and 90 ° and different values of strain rates.
Optimization of Dispersion-Strengthened Material Based on Copper Powder for Valve Guides of Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Vladimirova Julia O. , Shalunov Evgeny P. , Shalunov Sergey
Published: February 2022

The given study is dedicated to optimization of dispersion-strengthened material based on copper powder of the Cu-Al-C-O system used for valve guides of internal combustion engines. The developed material containing 3 % wt aluminum, 0.6 % wt carbon and not more than 0.02 % wt oxygen has the recrystallization temperature of 1000оС and exhibits higher tribotechnical properties comparing to the prototype. In particular, the wear out intensity of the developed material is 2.5 times lower. The material production technology is based on the method of reactionary mechanical alloying in the attritor and powder and granular metallurgy technologies.
Influence of Severe Plastic Deformations on Martensitic Transformation in Alloys of Fe-Cr-Ni System
Authors: Blinova Elena N. , Glezer Alexander M. , Libman M.A. , Pimenov E.V.
Published: February 2022

The article investigates influence of large plastic deformations created in the Bridgman anvils on the mechanical properties and microstructure of metastable alloys of the iron-chromium-nickel system of the austenitic-martensitic class. It is found that the application of deformation in the Bridgman anvils with a true logarithmic deformation e = 6-7 leads to formation of the α-phase (deformation martensite) with significantly higher mechanical properties compared to martensite formed during deformation by linear rolling. The authors reveal the differences in the microstructure of the alloy after deformation in the Bridgman anvils and deformation by rolling, which explain the discovered effect.