bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Panorama Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (Studi Kasus : Sekolah Luar Biasa ABCD Dharmawanita Herlang)
Authors: Nisa Khaerun
Published: September 2020

Setiap anak memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk memperoleh pendidikan, dalam hal ini Pendidikan Agama Islam untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat panorama pembelajaran PAI pada anak berkebutuhan khusus pada SLB ABCD Dharmawanita Herlang, yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi pembelajaran PAI. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, diperoleh bahwa Kurikulum PAI yang digunakan pada SLB ABCD Dharmawanita Herlang mengikuti kurikulum pada sekolah umum, yaitu kurikulum 2013. Metode yang dominan digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran PAI, yaitu metode yang masih bersifat teacher learning centre, seperti metode ceramah dan metode demontrasi. Pembelajaran bersifat individual teaching. Sistem evaluasi tetap menggunakan tiga ranah ;  kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik, meskipun komponen kognitif tidak menjadi acuan utama, namun lebih kepada kemampuan peserta didik mengimplementasikan materi pembelajaran PAI dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Adapun kendala dalam penyelenggaraan pembelajaran PAI pada SLB ABCD Dharmawanita Herlang adalah pertama kurangnya guru PAI yang memiliki spesifikasi khusus dalam pendidikan luar biasa, kedua belum tersedianya kurikulum PAI yang dirancang khusus untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus, karena selama ini kurikulum PAI yang digunakan umumnya berasal dari sekolah umum yang sedikit mengalami modifikasi dan adaptasi untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus. Ketiga, minimnya ketersediaan buku-buku PAI bagi peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus yang disediakan oleh pihak SLB, khususnya bagi peserta didik tunanetra yang membutuhkan buku braille. Keempat, perlunya guru melakukan pendekatan secara emosional sebab peserta didik yang berkebutuhan khusus memiliki kecenderungan akan lebih nyaman dan lebih mudah berkompromi terhadap instruksi yang disampaikan oleh guru, apabila telah memiliki kedekatan emosial.
RESISTANCE TO LATE BLIGHT OF POTATO CLONES
IN SEGREGATING HYBRID POPULATIONS
Authors: Zoteyeva N. M.
Published: September 2020

Late blight remains among the main problems of potato industry. Interspecific hybridization with the wild Solanum species is an efficient way to increase the resistance to this disease, though is accompanied with negative traits. To solve this problem, new sources of resistance, including resistant breeding clones with improved agronomic characteristics, are needed. In the present study, we investigated resistance of three hybrid populations derived from crossesbreeding of resistant original clone SW93-1015×adg with susceptible cultivars: ‘Аurora’, ‘Desirée’ and ‘Valor’. High predominance of the resistant plants was found among the hybrids (SW93-1015×adg)×Aurora and (SW93-1015×adg)×‘Desirée’. The numbers of resistant and susceptible plants within hybrid Valor’×(SW93-1015×adg) were almost equal. Results showed the efficiency of clone SW93-1015×adg as the late blight resistance source. Within each segregating population, the selection of resistant clones was possible. Clone SW93-1015×adg can be used in breeding programs for the hybridization with susceptible cultivars characterized by other useful characteristics.
BIOLOGY AND RESISTANCE OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS ILYONECTRIA CRASSA
TO FUNGICIDES
Authors: Chudinova E. M. , Platonov V. A. , Alexandrova A. V. , Elansky S. N.
Published: September 2020

It has been recently shown that the ascomycete fungus Ilyonectria crassa can infect potato tubers. In this work, the biological characteristics and resistance to some fungicides of the “potato” I. crassa strain were analyzed for the first time. The sequences of the species-specific regions of the tested strain (rRNA and protein-coding genes) were identical to those obtained earlier for the fungi isolated from the roots of narcissus, ginseng, aspen, beech, as well as lily bulbs and tulip leaves. Apparently, many wild and garden plants can be carriers of I. crassa. The investigated strain infected tomato and potato slices but did not infect the whole intact tomato fruit and potato tuber. This demonstrated that I. crassa is a wound pathogen. Evaluation of resistance to fludioxonil, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin on a nutrient medium showed high efficacy of these compounds. The EC50 index, i.e. the concentration of the fungicide slowing the rate of radial growth of the colony by 2 times as compared to the non-fungicidal control, was equal to 0.4; 7.4 and 4 mg/L, respectively. The possibility of disease induction by I. crassa should be considered for evaluation of potato tuber infections and development of protective measures.
Classifying the Disciplinarity of Engineering Academic Literature
Authors: Lattanzio Susan , Mogles Nataliya , Carey Emily , Kharlamov Alex , Parry Glenn , Hicks Ben , Newnes Linda
Published: September 2020

Based on the appearance of the term within the academic literature, it would appear that transdisciplinarity (TD) approaches are receiving increased research attention. However, the literature suggests a lack of consensus over how TD is defined and classified. This could give rise to inconsistency and papers that claim to be TD which are not, and alternatively papers that fail to mention TD but which might be classified as such. This is significant and creates a challenge in identifying the true level of TD research. This work contributes towards understanding the state of TD within engineering. Explicitly, we address the research question: Is the engineering academic literature claiming to be TD, actually TD? Within this study we operationalise the work of Jantsch and use this as a means to classify the disciplinarity of 177 engineering journal papers which reference TD within their abstract. The results show only 24% to be TD. The majority (64%) are classified as interdisciplinary. Conclusions find that to improve consistency, a clear definition and rules for differentiation between TD and ID research are required. Future work calls for: (1) comparative studies which apply different methods for assessing disciplinarity across the dataset used within this study and which use the method employed within this study across different fields. (2) Research to analyse whether TD working is being undertaken in engineering without it being referenced within the paper.
An Appraisal and Classification of the Transdisciplinarity of Existing Design Tools
Authors: Goudswaard Mark , Hicks Ben , Newnes Linda
Published: September 2020

Transdisciplinary (TD) working offers the potential to bring together potentially disparate elements of engineering projects permitting them to concomitantly be addressed on empirical, pragmatic, normative and purposive levels. Whilst the importance and potential benefits of working in this manner are widely accepted, a key inhibitor to the adoption and embedding of TD working in practice is the variety and diversity of design tools employed and their relative levels of ability to support TD working. To explore what can be thought of as the enabling or inhibiting roles of design tools, this paper appraises common design tools and classifies them according to the level of transdisciplinary working that they permit. This is achieved by considering the capturable level of design rationale for each design tool as per Jantsch and contextualising each within the design process. The discussion considers how these findings are reflected in practice and how chains of particular tools could be employed to support TD working across the different phases of the design process. In total 41 tools are appraised with 6 acting as enablers of interdisciplinary working but none identified as truly TD. Most notably, a much greater proportion of TD enabling design tools are available to support the early phases of design. Further work might consider how education can be used to ensure effective use of current design tools and how knowledge transfer can and should be, applied to enable use of TD tool chains in industry.
Digitalization and Big Data in Smart Farming – Bibliometric and Systemic Analysis
Authors: Iaksch Jaqueline , Fernandes Ederson , Borsato Milton
Published: September 2020

Agriculture has always had a great significance in the civilization development. However, modern agriculture is facing increasing challenges due to population growth and environmental degradation. Commercially, farmers are looking for ways to improve profitability and agricultural efficiency to reduce costs. Smart Farming is enabling the use of detailed digital information to guide decisions along the agricultural value chain. Thus, better decisions and efficient management control are required through generated information and knowledge at any farm. New technologies and solutions have been applied to provide alternatives to assist in information gathering and processing, and thereby contribute to increased agricultural productivity. Therefore, this article aims to gain state-of-art insight and identify proposed solutions, trends and unfilled gaps regarding digitalization and Big Data applications in Smart Farming, through a literature review. The current study accomplished these goals through analyses based on ProKnow-C (Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist) methodology. A total of 2401 articles were found. Then, a quantitative analysis identified the most relevant ones among a total of 39 articles were included in a bibliometric and text mining analysis, which was performed to identify the most relevant journals and authors that stand out in the research area. A systemic analysis was also accomplished from these articles. Finally, research problems, solutions, opportunities, and new trends to be explored were identified.
Humanization and Macroergonomics: An Analysis in the Billing Sector of a University Hospital in Paraná
Authors: Leite Larissa de Oliveira Matia , Sasaki Alexandre Minoru , Bitencourt Rosimeire Sedrez , Okumura Maria Lucia Miyake , Canciglieri Junior Osiris
Published: September 2020

The humanization of organizations is a trend in companies that have a vision of the future aligned with the needs of the market. In the health area, this humanization should not be limited to its users, but include the employees involved in the work system. The human aspect and its relations with the work system is a focus of studying ergonomics, which in its macroergomic approach aims at integrating organization-man-machine systems into a sociotechnical and participatory context. This study aims to apply the macroergonomic approach with health workers in order to propose and implement improvements; evidencing the importance of their involvement in better acceptance of the proposed improvements generating greater satisfaction. To this end, a study was conducted in the Billing sector of a Brazilian Hospital. Ergonomic demands were identified in a participatory way through the Macroergonomic Analysis of Work (MAW) method, proposed in [1]. The results were tabulated and divided into constructs: Environment, Biomechanical, Cognitive, Work Organization, Risk, Company and Discomfort/Pain. After one year, a new macroergonomic evaluation was carried out and the improvements implemented included the concept of the sociotechnical system, which were: i) acquisition of new computers; ii) implementation of a new computational system and; iii) implementation of changes in the form of sector management. The results showed an increase of up to 40% in satisfaction with the improvements implemented in the Biomechanical and Organizational constructs, indicating that the application of participatory ergonomics and macroergonomics was fundamental for the changes made to increase satisfaction in aspects of the work performed by them. Finally, this research highlights the importance of employee involvement in sociotechnical analysis for the humanization of organizations and it is suggested for future studies the proposition of improvements related to the Environment and Cognitive constructs and pain/discomforts.
Automatic Radiographic Bone Age Assessment Using Deep Joint Learning with Attention Modules
Authors: Tang Wei , Wu Gang , Shen Gang
Published: September 2020

ï£¡Hand and wrist skeletal radiographs serve as an important medium for diversified medical and forensic tasks involving bone age assessment. As an alternative to traditional atlas-based bone age identification techniques, deep learning algorithms automatically classify the radiographs into predefined bone age classes, provided that the deep neural networks (DNN) have been well trained with large scale annotated datasets. Most of the current bone age classification DNNs directly explore the existing network models developed for other computer vision representations and understanding applications, such as VGG, Inception, and ResNet. In this work, we present a multi-scale attention-enhanced classifier with a convolutional neural network backbone, specifically designed for bone age prediction and trained to learn a subject’s bone age and gender jointly. The proposed classifier is trained with the dataset provided by the RSNA machine learning challenge, and the low-level semantic features are then transferred to a smaller Tongji dataset collected from a hospital in China. As demonstrated by the experiments, the proposed classifier achieves the MADs of 0.41 years over RSNA data and 0.36 years on Tongji data, outperforming other single model state-of-the-art and baseline algorithms for the same test. It illustrates that joint learning of gender information plays a critical role in refining the bone age assessment, while the convolution-based attention mechanism helps retrieve the key features.
Automated Generation of a Digital Twin of a Manufacturing System by Using Scan and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Sommer Markus , Stjepandić Josip , Stobrawa Sebastian , von Soden Moritz
Published: September 2020

The simulation of production processes using a Digital Twin is a promising means for prospective planning, analysis of existing systems or process-parallel monitoring. However, many companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, do not apply the technology, because the generation of a Digital Twin is cost-, time- and resource-intensive and IT expertise is required. This obstacle can be removed by a novel approach to generate a Digital Twin using fast scans of the shop floor and subsequent object recognition in the point cloud. We describe how parameters and data should be acquired in order to generate a Digital Twin automatically. An overview of the entire process chain is given. A particular attention is given to the automatic object recognition and its integration into Digital Twin.
scone – A Requirements Management Tool for the Specification and Variability-Based Analysis of Product Lines
Authors: Allabar Sara , Bettinger Christian , Müllen Michael , Rock Georg
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, industrial products as well as software applications are expected to be tailored to the user’s needs in an increasingly distinct manner. This often makes it necessary to design a vast number of customized variants, which leads to complex and error prone analysis and development processes. Generally, requirements engineering is considered to be one of the most significant activities in software and system development. Variant management has proven to play an important role in handling the complexity arising from mass-customization of products. However, there are only a few, often rather complex-to-use, applications which allow adding variance information directly to requirements. Especially in case of small and medium sized enterprises, approaches to meet this challenge often result in isolated solutions that are not driven by state-of-the-art analysis methods and do not cope with future requirements. This paper introduces a lightweight requirements management tool called scone, which will be embedded into an overall variability management methodology. scone enables the user to create and manage requirement specifications and augment them with variability information. Based on this specification, the requirements can be analyzed in a formal way with respect to their variability using the variability management tool Glencoe. scone was created as a single-page web application to eliminate the need for installation and allow it to run on many devices, while offering the experience of working with a native application, rather than a website. Both tools are designed to provide a proof of concept for the seamless integration of variability information within a system development process as well as to show how variability can be handled in an easy-to-use way from the very beginning within this process.
Multi-Disciplinary Optimisation Framework for Dual-Mode Launch Vehicle Concepts
Authors: Colbeck Eleanor , Bil Cees
Published: September 2020

Increasing demand for small satellite launch capability provides scope for the development of cost-efficient innovative payload delivery services. The advantages of air-launch capability are well-documented through the success of the Pegasus launch vehicle, but vertical ground-based takeoff is still the standard approach. This project details a transdisciplinary approach to designing a novel dual-mode launch vehicle with air and ground launch capability, for small satellites. The vehicle’s mission is determined to achieve a payload capacity of 50kg to a 700km sun-synchronous orbit. Alongside the vehicle design, potential carrier aircraft are assessed, and the interface between the two evaluated for feasibility. The proposed air-launch vehicle is a 3-stage HTPB solid rocket weighing just over 2.5t, with two 775kg strap-on boosters for ground-launch. Both the air-launch and ground-launch solutions are verified with the launch optimiser program ASTOS. Future subsystem studies are proposed for further refinement.
Customized Product Development Supported by Integrated Information
Authors: Varl Mitja , Duhovnik Jože , Tavčar Jože
Published: September 2020

Information systems are key enablers for the integration and reliable management of the product development process. Information systems are the backbone that connects various sub-processes and enables flexible product customization. Fast, robust, and cost-efficient product adaptation is especially important in one-of-a-kind production. This paper presents a transformation of the product development design process for large power transformers into a competitive and smartly supported process. One-of-a-kind production is specific, as each product must be customized, wherefore a robust design process well supported by IT plays a key role in creating a digital twin and the product’s final value. Based on a systematic analysis of the sample company, this paper proposes a model for the complete renewal of information systems and of working methodology, where reorganization is demonstrated in an increase of overall effectiveness.
Bibliometric and Systemic Analysis of Production Planning Optimization
Authors: Chagas Ruan R.F.F. , Modesti Paulo H. , Borsato Milton
Published: September 2020

Having good production planning is essential to companies who need to maximize the use of their resources and boost their profits. However, to formulate efficient production planning is necessary to consider many variables. That makes analytical solutions almost impossible, forcing companies to use computational methods to solve this kind of problem. Even so, because of the complexity of the problems, much computational effort is needed. In that sense, using 4.0 industry concepts, like artificial intelligence, has been helping companies formulate optimal, or near-optimal, production plans for their process in a feasible time. Since each company has different characteristics and variables, the possibilities to formulate and optimize production planning are diverse. Thus, many case studies can be carried out. Generating a huge range of research opportunities. So, this study is a survey attempting to find some of these gaps through a systemic and bibliometric analysis. To achieve this goal the methodological procedure Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist (ProKnow – C) was used. This method aims to minimize the amount of content out of alignment with the research subject. In the first search, 44,609 articles were found, and after a filtering process that prioritized scientific recognized articles and journals, only 15 articles remained. Finally, common themes among the articles and opportunities for future work were highlighted.
Water clear cell adenoma of parathyroid gland: a rare lesion
Authors: Zinovkin D.A. , Zhandarov M.Yu. , Pranjol M.Z.I.
Published: September 2020

Water clear cell adenoma (WCCA) is one of the rarest forms of primary hyperparathyroidism associated solitary adenomas [1]. According to Boutzios et al. [2], the frequency of WCCA is less than 1% of all primary parathyroid hyperplasia.

We herein report a case of primary hyperparathyroidism in a 64-year-old woman with adenoma of the upper left parathyroid gland. Preoperative biochemical analysis revealed serum calcium level of 3.0 mmol/l (reference range 2.15–2.50 mmol/l), serum phosphorus level of 0.64 mmol/l (reference range 0.81–1.45 mmol/l) and intact parathyroid hormone level­ of 117.4 pg/ml (reference range 15.0–65.0 pg/ml). Bone densitometry revealed osteopenia and loss of bone density. Surgical resection of parathyroid glands was performed. Grossly, the specimen was presented by pale gray nodule 30×21×25 mm in capsule weighing 5.34 g. Histopathological examination revealed “nest” pattern areas of large clear cells with foamy vacuolated cytoplasm (Figure, а) and in some areas with granular cytoplasm (Figure, b). Cell nuclei were dense with mild atypia and prominent nucleoli (Figure, c). It was resembled as paraganglioma and renal clear cell adenoma. For clarification of the diagnosis, immunohistochemical analysis was conducted for S100, PAX8, CD10 and vimentin. This analysis did not demonstrate an expression of PAX8, CD10 or vimentin, which excluded the possibility of renal clear cell carcinoma metastasis. An absence of S100 expression eliminated the diagnosis of paraganglioma. The diagnosis of WCCA of parathyroid gland was conducted based on the above data. After surgical resection of the neoplasm, the levels of serum calcium and intact parathyroid hormone level decreased.

Figure. Nest pattern of growth of WCCA (a) (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification × 40); granular cytoplasm of the WCCA cells (b) (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification × 200); dense nucleus with mild atypia (c) (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification × 400)

In 1994, the first case of WCCA was described by Kovacs et al. [3]. Since then, over 20 cases of this tumor have been described (according to searches in Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar). This neoplasm has a low endocrine activity, making clinical manifestation only when the adenoma become large enough for causing high serum calcium levels [1]. In our study, we also observed high levels of serum calcium, but intact parathyroid hormone level also increased. The differential diagnosis of WCCA includes metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the parathyroid gland and paraganglioma.
Dieta e inflamación crónica
Authors: Rivero-Mendoza Daniela , Dahl Wendy J.
Published: September 2020

La inflamación es la respuesta de su cuerpo a las lesiones e infecciones – así es como su sistema inmunológico ayuda a protegerlo de cualquier daño. Por el contrario, la inflamación crónica contribuye a muchas enfermedades, como enfermedades cardíacas, diabetes y enfermedades renales y hepáticas. Esta publicación discute la inflamación y las opciones alimentarias que pueden ayudar a reducir la inflamación crónica.This is the Spanish translation of FSHN20-43, Diet and Chronic Inflammation. Written by Daniela Rivero-Mendoza and Wendy Dahl, translated by Daniela Rivero-Mendoza, and published by the UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs405
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Mata Kuliah Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia untuk Mahasiswa
Authors: Mulyaningtyas Rahmawati
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian untuk mengembangkan buku ajar mata kuliah media pembelajaran di jurusan Tadris Bahasa Indonesia, IAIN Tulungagung. Penelitian ini didasari oleh fakta bahwa hampir tidak ada buku ajar yang secara khusus membahas tentang media pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Pada umumnya para Dosen dan Mahasiswa Tadris Bahasa Indonesia IAIN Tulungagung menggunakan buku referensi media pembelajaran secara umum. Hal ini membuat subtansi mata kuliah media pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia kurang dapat dipahami dengan rinci. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengadaptasi model penelitian dan pengembangan Borg dan Gall. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan ini berupa buku ajar mata kuliah media pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Buku ini diujicobakan kepada tim ahli, dosen, dan para mahasiswa. Terdapat dua ahli untuk menguji coba buku ini yaitu ahli media dan ahli materi bahasa Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba diperoleh hasil bahwa buku ini efektif digunakan dalam perkuliahan media pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Hal ini juga terlihat dari perbandingan hasil prates maupun pascates setelah menggunakan buku ajar terhadap mahasiswa. Namun, terdapat beberapa revisi untuk memperbaiki isi maupun tampilan buku ajar agar lebih layak digunakan. Revisi dilakukan pada aspek variasi latihan dan tampilan layout bahan ajar. Selain itu, ada penambahan materi tentang jenis-jenis media. Hal ini agar memperkaya wawasan mahasiswa terkait macam media pembelajaran.
DİYARBAKIR İLİ AĞIZLARINDA ŞİMDİKİ ZAMAN EKLERİ VE KULLANILIŞLARI
Authors: Baran Burhan
Published: September 2020

Türkçenin tarihî gelişimi içinde şimdiki zaman kipinin farklı bir yeri vardır. Şimdiki zaman için uzun süre müstakil bir ek kullanılmamıştır. Eski Türkçe ve Eski Anadolu Türkçesi dönemlerinde genellikle geniş zaman eki şimdiki zamanı da karşılamış, Osmanlı Türkçesinde geniş zamanla birlikte -yor eki de kullanım sahasına çıkmış, standart Türkiye Türkçesinde -yor, -makta/mekte, -mada/-mede ekleri bu görevi üstlenmiştir. Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında ise şimdiki zaman için nadiren -yor eki ve geniş zaman eki, çoğunlukla yörelere göre değişen çeşitli ekler, bazen de -iK gelir, -Ip otur-ur gibi ek+yardımcı fiil yapıları kullanılmaktadır. Şimdiki zamanı karşılayan eklerin ve yapıların bu çeşitliliği ağızların tasnifinde bir ölçüt olacak kadar dikkat çekicidir.
Diyarbakır ili ağızlarında ölçünlü dilin etkisiyle şimdiki zaman için -yor eki de kullanılmaktadır. Ancak ilin ağızlarına ait ekler çoğunlukla -i ve -iy, nadiren -ye ve -yer'dir. Bunlardan -i, Diyarbakır merkez ağzı ile Bismil ağzının; -iy Çüngüş ve Çermik yöresi ağzının karakteristik şimdiki zaman ekleridir. -ye ve -yer ise Çüngüş ve Çermik yöresi ağzında az kullanılan şimdiki zaman ekleridir.
İşte bu makalede Diyarbakır ili ağızlarında şimdiki zaman ekleri ve kullanılışları incelenmiştir. Bu konuda Diyarbakır merkez ağzına ait iki çalışma ile Bismil ağzı, Bismil Türkmen ağzı, Çüngüş ve Çermik yöresi ağzına ait dil incelemesi, metin ve sözlük/dizin şeklinde yapılmış çalışmalardan yararlanıldı. Bu çalışmalarda derlenmiş olan metinler taranmak suretiyle şimdiki zaman için kullanılan eklerin geçtiği cümleler incelendi. Tespit edilen örnekler -i , -iy , -ye , -yer eklerine göre tasnif edildi. Ayrıca her ek tespit edilen kullanılış farklılıklarına göre alt başlıklar hâlinde örneklendirildi.
OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE İLMİYE MENSUPLARINA İLİŞKİN YOZLAŞMANIN MÜHİMME DEFTERLERİNDEKİ YANSIMALARI (1600- 1800)
Authors: Kars Rümeysa
Published: September 2020

Osmanlı Devleti, kendisinden önceki Türk Devletlerinden ve İslami gelenekten tevarüs ettiği bir teşkilatlanma ile varlığını uzun asırlar sürdürebilmiştir. Osmanlı Devlet Teşkilâtı’nı ilmiye, kalemiye(bürokratlar), seyfiye (askeri zümre) denilen üç sac ayağı temsil etmekteydi. Osmanlı ilmiye sınıfı, İslami bir eğitim kurumu olan medrese usulüne uygun bir tahsilden sonra icazetle mezun olup eğitim, hukuk, fetva ve başlıca dinî hizmetlerine göre merkezi bürokraside kadı, nakibü’l-eşraf, şeyhü’l-islam, kazasker, müderris, hekimbaşı ayrıca camilerde görev yapan imam ve müezzinler gibi önemli makamları doldururlardı. Bu sebeple ilmiye teşkilâtının bozulması, Osmanlı Devleti için önemli problemlerin başında gelmektedir. Mühimme defterleri ise Divan-ı hümayunda tutulmakta olup, divanda görüşülen; devletin iç ve dış meseleleri ile ilgili siyasi, iktisadi, askerî, sosyal ve dinî konulardan önemli olanların kaydedildiği defterler olup reisü’l-küttâb gözetimindeki katipler tarafından yazılmaktaydı. Divan toplantılarında alınan kararlar, padişahın onayından geçtikten sonra kronolojik bir sıra halinde bu defterlere kaydediliyordu. Bu çalışmada XVII. ve XVIII. yüzyıllarda ilmiye mensuplarına ilişkin yozlaşmanın mühimme defterlerine yansıdığı oranda niteliği ve teşkilatın bozulmasında rol alanlar ve devletin bunlara yönelik aldığı tedbirler üzerinde durulacaktır
等值线图在县区水资源量拆分中的应用
Authors: 孟 令杰 , 黄 存月
Published: September 2020

由等值线图等各种水文要素图组成的水文图集是系统反映区域水文要素的时空分布特征,可供人们全面了解区域水文的基本情况,并可内插所需地点的水文特征数据的工具,是编制水利、农业、城建、交通等事业规划的参考资料。本文根据第二次山东省水资源调查评价中的降水、地表径流、地下水资源模数等值线图等成果,以菏泽市为例对各县区水资源量进行拆分,使人们系统了解水文图集的应用原理、方法,充分发挥水文图件的功能、作用。
水闸除险加固工程的施工技术分析
Authors: 叶 世勇 , 姜 现鹏
Published: September 2020

水闸是水利管理项目的主要组成部分,长期运行后它已受到不同程度的破坏,需要加强以确保水力结构的安全稳定运行。从本文介绍的示例开始,首先介绍了项目的总体情况,然后计算了运行的操作能力,然后在此基础上提供了具体的技术建设计划,以作为类似项目的指南。
10kV电力配网工程系统设计研究
Authors: 张 保健
Published: September 2020

国民经济的发展对电能需求量不断提升,电力配网在运行中经常会存在电压不稳,传输不及时或暂时性断电等问题,这抑制了能源输送,降低了电力服务质量。为此,有必要对电力配网开展优化设计,解决现存问题,保障电能供应的稳定性。文章以10kV电力配网工程为例,对系统优化设计加以分析和研究。
农村饮水安全措施与饮水工程管理分析
Authors: 王 志峰
Published: September 2020

随着我国国民经济的增长,人们对生活质量的要求越来越高,饮水安全成为人们广泛关注的话题。对于农村来说,其基础设施条件有限,且一些工厂对水源的污染比较严重,导致饮用水存在一定的安全问题,这就需要相关单位加强饮水工程管理工作,做好农村饮水安全措施。文章在介绍农村安全饮水工程特点的基础上,分析了目前我国农村饮水安全存在的主要问题,并总结出一些解决农村饮水安全及饮水工程管理问题的有效措施。
电气工程及其电气自动化的控制系统应用
Authors: 李 开敏
Published: September 2020

电气工程及其自动化控制系统在目前工业生产中起到的作用极为关键,不过在具体应用中,由于技术、经验、理念等方面的限制,仍存在一些问题有待解决。基于此,应加大对电气工程及其电气自动化控制系统的研究力度,不断尝试革新和优化,以提高生产质量。
项目管理中的招标采购及合同管理研究
Authors: 刘 禹江
Published: September 2020

当前,我国水利水电行业发展迅速,并对项目管理提出了十分严格的要求。招标采购合同管理是企业项目管理中的重要内容,采取有效措施高度落实此项工作不仅能够提高工程建设效率,也可严格把控工程的成本投入,为企业创造更高的经济效益。本文就将分析项目管理中的招标采购及合同管理,以供参考。
抽水蓄能电站施工的斜井隧道掘进机应用
Authors: 韩 振宝
Published: September 2020

为实现羊曲水电站溢洪道溢流面混凝土无裂缝目标,在进行溢流面混凝土施工前,对裂缝产生诱因进行了全面分析。结合工程实际,将溢流面混凝土结构优化、综合的全过程混凝土温控措施作为控制重点,并重点分析了综合的全过程温控措施在该工程上的应用。通过前期技术筹划及施工过程中的严格控制,实现了溢流面混凝土无裂缝的目标,节约了工程施工成本,为其他类似工程设计和施工提供了经验。
Peran Hadratus Syaikh Kh. Hasyim Asyari dalam Pengembangan Hadis di Indonesia
Authors: Musfiroh Musfiroh
Published: September 2020

Sebagai negara yang penduduknya mayoritas Muslim, perkembangan hadis tentunya masuk ke Indonesia, menjadi menarik untuk dibahas karena sebagian besar penikmat ilmu hadis sendiri belum mengetahui bagaimana sejarah perkembangan hadis di Indonesia. 

    Adapun studi tentang sejarah perkembangan kajian hadis di Nusantara, dapat dikatakan masih sangat jarang dilakukan, padahal di samping ilmu-ilmu keislaman lainnya seperti tafsir, kalam, dan tasawuf, hadis juga memegang perananan yang sangat penting dalam kajian Islam, karena ia merupakan ajaran Islam setelah alquran. Pada umumnya, kajian hadis masih berpusat pada karya-karya ulama klasik, pembahasan yang dilakukan  masih sekitar sejarah  perkembangan hadis abad ke-2 H, sampai abad ke-4 H. Di samping itu, pembahasan juga diarahkan pada pelacakan dan pengajuan status keshahihan hadis.

    Namun demikian tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa studi tentang hadis di Indonesia mengalami kebangkitan. Bukti dari kebangkitan hadis terletak pada penulisan kitab-kitab hadis oleh ulama Indonesia, baik yang berupa terjemahan dari kitab yang berbahasa arab maupun kitab hadis yang ditulis berdasarkan pemikiran yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi dan situasi masyarakat pada saat itu, yang dijadikan sebagai pedoman untuk melakukan ritual ibadah sehari-hari oleh masyarakat. Seperti kitab hadis yang berjudul Risālah Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah yang ditulis oleh K.H. Hasyim Asy‘ari seorang ulama ahli hadis yang sangat berpengaruh,  sebagai bentuk jawaban dari keberagaman masyarakat pada saat itu. Kitab ini juga berperan sebagai jawaban masyarakat dalam menghadapi perkembangan zaman yang semakin modern. 

    Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Martin Van Bruinessen, kitab-kitab yang digunakan dalam dunia pesantren pada abad ke-19 tidak mencantumkan kitab hadis. Oleh karena itu K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari tercatat sebagai pelopor hadis yang pertama kali yang memperkenalkan dan mengajarkan hadis di dunia pesantren.
Factors Influencing Vehicle Operating Costs of Haulage Firms in a Developing Country
Authors: Adesola Wojuade Christopher , Oladosu Jubril
Published: September 2020

Vehicle operating cost is the cost that haulers incur in rendering freight services. This cost is influenced by operational, economic, fixed asset, and institutional factors. Haulage firms must take the right decision on these factors to minimize the vehicle operating cost and increase their profit. This study examines the factors determining the vehicle operating costs of haulage firms in Nigeria. The data for this study was obtained through the administration of structured questionnaires randomly on 337 respondents out of 2154 staff in the 8 selected registered haulage firms having their headquarters in Lagos, Nigeria. The questionnaire was used to collect information on components of truck operation influencing vehicle operating costs. The result of the OLS multiple regression model shows that all the factors were significant and predict vehicle operating costs but to a varying extent. The coefficients of significant factors were wages (β = 0.324; p ≤ 0.01), empty running (β = 0.297; p ≤ 0.01), fleet size (β = 0.264; p ≤ 0.01), training (β = -0.201; p ≤ 0.01), weight of freight (β = 0.145; p ≤ 0.01), drivers experience (β = 0.132; p ≤ 0.01), vehicle age (β = 0.111; p ≤ 0.05), administrative fee (β = 0.100; p ≤ 0.05) and maintenance (β = 0.096; p ≤ 0.05) influence vehicle operating costs of haulage firms respectively. The study concluded that driver’s wages, empty running, fleet size, and training were important factors influencing the vehicle operating costs of the haulage firms. The study recommends useful policy decisions to improve the performance of haulage businesses in the study area.
Education and training in clinical psychology and psychological psychotherapy in switzerland
Authors: Rubo Marius , Martin-Soelch Chantal , Munsch Simone
Published: September 2020

Switzerland offers Education in Clinical Psychology in the German and French language and training in Psychotherapy in German, French and Italian. Both education and training are structured along centralized guidelines and recognized at a federal level. After finishing one’s studies, becoming a Psychological Psychotherapist requires between two and six years of postgraduate training and a financial investment of tens of thousands of Swiss Francs. Historically, it is quite common for Swiss psychotherapy trainings to incorporate a mix or combination of several psychotherapy schools such as cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, systemic and humanistic. Foreign degrees obtained in EU countries are generally recognized, and the fulfillment of criteria is evaluated on an individual basis. Graduates find a diverse job market with opportunities to work in clinics and psychotherapeutical practices, but the absence of direct reimbursement via mandatory health insurance plans for psychological psychotherapists (not psychiatrists) lead many to work on patients’ private payments or as a psychiatrist’s employee. The ordering model, a potential new regulation allowing for the direct reimbursement of psychological psychotherapists’ work, is planned to be decided upon throughout 2020.
Improved Biosurfactant Production by Enterobacter cloacae B14, Stability Studies, and its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: EKPRASERT JINDARAT , KANAKAI SASIWIMON , YOSPRASONG SULADDA
Published: September 2020

This work aimed to optimize carbon and nitrogen sources for the growth of Enterobacter cloacae B14 and its biosurfactant (BS) production via One-Variable-At-a-Time (OVAT) method. The BS stability under a range of pH and temperatures was assessed. Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The results showed that the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources for BS production were maltose and yeast extract, respectively, with a maximum BS yield of (39.8 ± 5.2) mg BS/g biomass. The highest emulsification activity (E24) was 79%, which is significantly higher than in the previous studies. We found that B14 BS can withstand a wide range of pH values from 2 to10. It could also function under a range of temperatures from 30–37°C. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) analysis confirmed that B14 BS is a glycolipid-like compound, which is rarely found in Enterobacter spp. Cell-free broth showed inhibition against various pathogens, preferable to Gram-positive ones. It had better antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis than a commonly-used antibiotic, tetracycline. Furthermore, B14 broth could inhibit the growth of a tetracycline-resistant Serratia marcescens. Our results showed promising B14 BS applications not only for bioremediation but also for the production of antimicrobial products.
Characterization of Ligninolytic Bacteria and Analysis of Alkali-Lignin Biodegradation Products
Authors: XIONG YI , ZHAO YARU , NI KUIKUI , SHI YUE , XU QINGFANG
Published: September 2020

Ligninolytic bacteria degrading lignin were isolates and identified, and their biodegradation mechanism of alkaline-lignin was investigated. Four strains with lignin degradation capability were screened and identified from the soil, straw, and silage based on their decolorizing capacity of aniline blue and colony size on alkaline-lignin medium. The degradation ratio of Bacillus aryabhattai BY5, Acinetobacter johnsonii LN2, Acinetobacter lwoffii LN4, and Micrococcus yunnanensis CL32 have been assayed using alkaline-lignin as the unique carbon source. Further, the Lip (lignin peroxidase) and Mnp (manganese peroxidase) activities of strains were investigated. Lip activity of A. lwoffii LN4 was highest after 72 h of incubation and reached 7151.7 U · l–1. Mnp activity of M. yunnanensis CL32 was highest after 48 h and reached 12533 U · l–1. The analysis of alkaline-lignin degradation products by GC-MS revealed that the strains screened could utilize aromatic esters compounds such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and decomposite monocyclic aromatic compounds through the DBP aerobic metabolic pathway. The results indicate that B. aryabhattai BY5, A. johnsonii LN2, A. lwoffii LN4, and M. yunnanensis CL32 have high potential to degrade alkaline-lignin, and might utilize aromatic compounds by DBP aerobic metabolic pathway in the process of lignin degradation.
Characterization of Two Macrolide Resistance-Related Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Authors: CHEN QING , LU WEI , ZHOU DANYING , ZHENG GUOTONG , LIU HONGMAO , QIAN CHANGRUI , ZHOU WANGXIAO , LU JUNWAN , NI LIYAN , BAO QIYU , LI AIFANG , XU TENG , XU HAILI
Published: September 2020

In analyzing the drug resistance phenotype and mechanism of resistance to macrolide antibiotics of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, the agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was applied to screen for macrolide antibiotics resistance genes. The macrolide antibiotics resistance genes were cloned, and their functions were identified. Of the 13 antibiotics tested, P. aeruginosa strains showed high resistance rates (ranging from 69.5–82.1%), and MIC levels (MIC90 > 256 μg/ml) to macrolide antibiotics. Of the 131 known macrolide resistance genes, only two genes, mphE and msrE, were identified in 262 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates. Four strains (1.53%, 4/262) carried both the msrE and mphE genes, and an additional three strains (1.15%, 3/262) harbored the mphE gene alone. The cloned msrE and mphE genes conferred higher resistance levels to three second-generation macrolides compared to two first-generation ones. Analysis of MsrE and MphE protein polymorphisms revealed that they are highly conserved, with only 1–3 amino acids differences between the proteins of the same type. It can be concluded that even though the strains showed high resistance levels to macrolides, known macrolide resistance genes are seldom present in clinical P. aeruginosa strains, demonstrating that a mechanism other than this warranted by the mphE and msrE genes may play a more critical role in the bacteria’s resistance to macrolides.
Characteristics of the Jejunal Microbiota in 35-Day-Old Saba and Landrace Piglets
Authors: GAO HUAN , YANG YUTING , CAO ZHENHUI , RAN JINMING , ZHANG CHUNYONG , HUANG YING , YANG MINGHUA , ZHAO SUMEI , AN QINGCONG , PAN HONGBIN
Published: September 2020

The balanced microbiological system is a significant hallmark of piglet health. One of the crucial factors affecting intestinal microbiota is the host’s genetics. This study explored the difference in the diversity of jejunal microbiota between Saba (SB) and Landrace (LA) piglets. Nine Saba and nine Landrace piglets were fed with sow’s milk until day 35. Jejunal contents were harvested for 16S rRNA sequencing. The birth weight, body weight, and average daily gain of Saba piglets were lower than those of Landrace piglets (p < 0.01). Firmicutes were the main phylum in Saba and Landrace piglets, and the Saba piglets had a higher (p < 0.05) abundance of Bacteroidetes compared with Landrace piglets. The two most abundant genera were Lactobacilli and Clostridium XI in the jejunum of Landrace and Saba piglets. Compared with Landrace piglets, the Saba piglets had significantly lower (p < 0.05) abundance of Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Saccharibacteria genera incertae sedis. The functional prediction showed that “d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism” and “one carbon pool by folate” pathways were enriched in Saba piglets, while “limonene and pinene degradation”, “tryptophan metabolism”, and “sulfur relay system” pathways were enriched in Landrace piglets. In summary, the growth performance was higher for Landrace piglets compared with Saba piglets due to their genetic characteristics. The rich diversity and fewer infection-associated taxa were observed in Saba piglets, partially accounting for their higher adaptability to environmental perturbations than Landrace piglets. Furthermore, different pig breeds may regulate their health through different metabolic pathways.
新型绿色建筑工程造价预算及成本控制的分析
Authors: 黄 丽红
Published: September 2020

随着自然资源的节约和生态环境保护的概念不断地在社会上兴起，中国新的绿色环保的建筑类型正在农村和城市地区迅速普及、发展。绿色建筑的目标是实现人们生活和工作的大环境的和谐、美丽、舒适，让人真正的和自然平衡的共处。在整个建筑工程项目的生命周期内，必须要深入的考虑到对能源的保护和高效率的使用。通过建筑物的墙体保温隔热材料，能够减少建筑物的热交换，减少能源损耗。保证人们的健康、舒适、生态的居住空间，绿色环保建筑工程项目的新型设计应充分利用自然资源、如阳光、地热等等，为了更好的实现节约能源、保护环境的目标，使居民的生活更接近生态环保、绿色节约的理念。为了更加有效地提高绿色环保的建筑工程项目的总体质量和经济、生态效益，对建筑工程项目的设计和控制工程项目的成本的研究已成为这个领域的热点和重点。成本管理和控制工作是实现建筑工程项目的成本节约和提高建筑工程项目经济效益和生态环保效益的关键。
试谈超短工期下电子洁净厂房土建施工组织关键技术
Authors: 杜 雷
Published: September 2020

对于电子洁净厂房项目而言，具有诸多特点，难以进行启动，体量较大，需较大的资源量，项目所需工期较短，有着较大的平面尺寸，以及超大的单层面积等。文章对组织结构创新进行了探讨，对施工部署技术以及资源保障技术进行了分析，本人能力有限，希望能帮助到相关人士。
公路桥梁养护与维修加固施工技术的探讨
Authors: 覃 旭太
Published: September 2020

在当前时期，国内城市的规模逐渐扩大，基础设施建设也成为了关注的重点。对当下基础设施建设的现状予以分析可知，公路桥梁是其中十分关键的组成部分，若想保证路桥施工能够有序展开，质量达到标准要求，必须要将管理、养护工作切实做到位。现阶段，公路桥梁工程的数量持续增加，但是项目建设时出现的问题较多，这就使得正常的交通运输受到很大的影响，甚至会导致交通事故发生，人员安全无法得到保证。因此说，在展开公路桥梁建设时，必须要将养护、维修切实做到位，尤其是要保证维修加固的效果更为理想，如此方可使得公路桥梁的整体质量大幅提高，确保交通运输方面的实际需要得到满足。
试谈电气节能技术在城建工程施工中的应用
Authors: 张 晓龙 , 杨 光 , 郭 晓艳 , 李 梅海
Published: September 2020

文章基于对城建工程施工的简单了解，阐述了电气节能技术在城建工程施工中应用的重要意义，针对电气节能技术的具体内容，进一步对其在建筑动力系统、供配电系统、传输路线以及照明系统等方面的具体应用进行深入分析，促进城市建设走可持续发展道路。
城市规划管理中的地理信息系统运用研究
Authors: 赵 玉清
Published: September 2020

伴随着我国社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快，在进行城市规划管理的过程中，其智慧化和现代化水平越来越高，各项先进的信息技术不断被应用于城市规划管理工作之中，极大的提升了城市规划管理的效率和水平。其中地理信息系统在优化城市空间布局、高效数据采集、规划模型分析与显示等的领域都有着非常重要的应用价值。文章主要围绕城市规划管理中地理信息系统的具体应用展开分析和研究，旨在进一步推动城市的健康发展。
Inovasi Kuda Lumping di Desa Tegalrejo Kabupaten Temanggung
Authors: Nurnani Dewi
Published: September 2020

AbstrakTulisan tentang Program Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat ini membahas tentang Inovasi Kuda Lumping Di Desa Tegalrejo Kabupaten Temanggung. Program ini bertujuan untuk mendorong dan memotivasi masyarakat pedesaan untuk menjaga dan melestarikan seni tradisional yang mereka miliki dengan cara inovasi kesenian Kuda Lumping yang sudah ada sehingga kedepan dapat memperbaiki ekonomi mereka. Target program pengabdian ini adalah kelompok Kuda Lumping Turonggo Setyo Budi yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat Desa Tegalrejo, Kecamatan Bulu, Kabupaten Temanggung, Jawa Tengah.kelompok kesenian tersebut masih eksis meskipun perkembangannya kurang baik. Program ini diharapkan dapat membangkitkan aktifitas anggota kelompok dengan harapan mereka akan lebih mencintai dan mau mengembangkan kesenian tersebut dengan cara mengadakan inovasi sehingga tetap berkelanjutan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam program ini adalah pelatihan dan pembimbingan masyarakat serta sosialisasi program inovasi yang meliputi iringan musik, gaya tabuhan, tari, dokumentasi dan identitas kelompok kesenian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anggota kelompok tersebut menjadi terdorong dan termotivasi untuk mengikuti setiap pelatihan dan pembimbingan. Inovasi yang mereka hasilkan dapat dilihat dalam pertunjukan di akhir program pengabdian tersebut.Kata kunci: Kuda Lumping, inovasi, tari, iringan musik. AbstractThe  Community  Service  Program  is  about  Innovation  of  Kuda  Lumping  in  Tegalrejo  Village, Temanggung Regency. This program aims to encourage and motivate the village people to maintain the traditional arts they have by innovation of kuda lumping that can later improve their economy. The target of this service program is a group of kuda lumping Turonggo Setyo Budi owned by the people of Tegalrejo village, Bulu district, Temanggung district, Central Java. The art group still exists even though its development is not so good. This program is expected to be able to arouse the activities of the group members to be more loving and to develop the arts they have by innovating so that the arts are sustainable. This program uses an approach through training and mentoring the community and socialization of innovation programs which include musical accompaniment, gaya tabuhan,  dance,  documentation  and  identity  of  the  arts  group.  The  result  shows  that  the  group members  become  encouraged  and  motivated  in  following  the  training  and  mentoring.  The innovations can be seen in their performance at the end of the program.Keywords: kuda lumping, innovation, dance, accompaniment music.
Intractable Bronchopleural Fistula After Lung Resection in Mycobacterial Infection; Surgical and Endoscopic Treatment With Fibrin Glue Application Followed by Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap Coverage: A Case Report
Authors: Wittayavanichai Kanit , Jaruniphakul Kollawat
Published: September 2020

Postoperative bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a challenging and complicated problem to cope with. Involving with multidisciplinary care team is essential for the best outcome. This report provides our experiences in intractable BPF after lung resection surgery which fail to completely heal after received surgical and endoscopic treatment. A 56-year-old female with no known underlying disease presented with nonmassive hemoptysis, productive cough, low-grade fever, and significant weight loss for 3 years. Her sputum consisted of Mycobacterium abscessus with multidrug resistant. Radiological examination revealed reticulonodular infiltration at middle lobe of the right lung and lingular lobe of the left lung, also a bronchiectatic change of both lungs. After 3 years of medical treatment, neither of her symptoms nor radiological findings improved. Therefore, a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with middle lung lobectomy and lingulectomy was performed. After that, BPF at lingular stump occurred. Many surgical and endoscopic techniques followed by latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap along with vacuum dressing were introduced to encourage the complete healing of the BPF. One month later, the patient’s clinical was improved and endoscopic findings showed nearly complete healing of the BPF. In conclusion, surgical and endoscopic treatments combined with postoperative vacuum dressing encourage patient’s symptoms to be subsided.