bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shear Viscosity of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Makhlaichuk V. M.
Published: April 2019

The kinematic shear viscosity of aqueous electrolyte solutions has been studied. The temperature dependence of this parameter is shown to be described by an exponential formula at T < Td and a formula of the argon-like type at T > Td, where Td is the temperature of the dipole ordering, in the whole considered concentration interval. Main attention is focused on the peculiarities in the temperature and concentration dependences of the shear viscosity in the argon-like interval. It is shown that the root-like concentration dependence can appear, only if the Debye theory of dilute electrolyte solutions is applicable. Beyond its validity domain, the series expansion of the kinematic shear viscosity in the concentration parameter should have an analytical character. The latter behavior is inherent in the concentration dependence of the shear viscosity in the majority of experiments. The error of reproducing the experimental data did not exceed the experimental one, i.e. it was smaller than 4–5%.
The Structure of Polymer Clusters in Aqueous Solutions of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose
Authors: Alekseev O. M. , Zabashta Yu. F. , Kovalchuk V. I. , Lazarenko M. M. , Bulavin L. A.
Published: April 2019

The viscosity, turbidity, and heat capacity of dilute aqueous solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose have been studied in a concentration interval of 0.047–1.5 g/l and a temperature interval of 20–80 ∘C. The data obtained testify that, if the temperature does not exceed 40 ∘C, hydroxypropyl cellulose molecules are prolate spheroidal globules with semiaxis lengths of 7 and 490 ˚ A. At temperatures above 70 ∘C, the hydroxypropyl cellulose solution consists of clusters; every cluster is composed of 11 globules and has a prolate spheroidal form with semiaxes of 41 and 490 ˚ A. In the temperature interval from 40 to 70 ∘C, the solution concerned contains both globules and clusters, with the concentration of the latter increasing, as the temperature grows.
Growing of Thick Single-Crystalline La-Substituted Yttrium-Iron Garnet Films with Reproducible Parameters
Authors: Yushchuk S. I. , Yuryev S. O. , Pokladok N. T.
Published: April 2019

Basic principles of growing the thick (35–60 мm) single-crystalline La-substituted yttrium-iron garnet (Y3−xLaxFe5O12, La :YIG) films with reproducible parameters have been formulated. La :YIG films are grown on gallium-gadolinium garnet (Gd3Ga5O12) substrates from a supercooled melt-solution (MS) consisting of Y2O3, La2O3, and Fe2O3 oxides and the PbO–B2O3 solvent. In order to minimize the implantation of Pb2+ ions into the films, which degrades the film quality, the epitaxy has to be performed at high temperatures and a low MS supercooling. It is found that, in order to maintain a constant growth rate of La :YIG films with reproducible parameters, a large MS mass (10–16 kg) has to be used, and the MS temperature has to be permanently lowered at a rate of 0.042 K/min.
Low-Lying Energy Levels of a One-Dimensional Weakly Interacting Bose Gas under Zero Boundary Conditions
Authors: Tomchenko M. D.
Published: April 2019

We diagonalize the second-quantized Hamiltonian of a one-dimensional Bose gas with a non-point repulsive interatomic potential and zero boundary conditions. At a weak coupling, the solutions for the ground-state energy E0 and the dispersion law E(k) coincide with the Bogoliubov solutions for a periodic system. In this case, the single-particle density matrix F1(x, x′) at T = 0 is close to the solution for a periodic system and, at T > 0, is significantly different from it. We also obtain that the wave function ⟨w(x, t)⟩ of the effective condensate is close to a constant √︀N0/L inside the system and vanishes on the boundaries (here, N0 is the number of atoms in the effective condensate, and L is the size of the system). We find the criterion of applicability of the method, according to which the method works for a finite system at very low temperature and with a weak coupling (a weak interaction or a large concentration).
To the Centenary of the Birthday of the Outstanding Physicist I.Z. Fisher
Authors: Adamyan V. M. , Alekhin O. D. , Anisimov M. O. , Barthel J. , Bulavin L. A. , Gotsulskiy V. Ya. , Kovalenko M. P. , Koval’ I. M. , Krasnyj Yu. P. , Kruglov V. E. , Lebovka M. I. , Magazu S. , Maisano G. , Mazur V. O. , Malenkov G. G. , Malomuzh M. P. , Norman G. E. , Rodnikova M. M. , Sysoev V. M. , Fisenko A. I. , Veytsman B. A.
Published: April 2019

February 24, 2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the prominent physicist-theorist Iosif Zalmanovich Fisher, Professor of I.I. Mechnikov University of Odessa. He was born in Minsk. The young guy
became fully aware of the horror of Stalin’s repressions. At the end of 1937, his father was executed by
shooting. The same year, his mother was sentenced to a prison term of seven years. In 1941, on the eve of
the war, he graduated with distinction from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Belarusian State University (BSU).
Methods and approaches of Complexity Theory and Fuzzy Logic for intensity of university research in terms of Creative Work to be estimated
Authors: Galiakhmetova Marina Railevna , Koretskiy Vladimir Pavlovitch , Mardanova Irina Mikhailovna , Józsa László
Published: April 2019

This article describes the main approaches to research in terms of creative labor regulation and time study. Definition of a creative labor and brain-work product as a subject of regulation and work intensity estimation was developed. The method for creative brain-work intensity estimation was based on complexity theory, which enables the evaluation of the complexity of creative brain-work results and time expenditure. Because of the appropriateness of linguistic expert assessments while labor intensive creative work is carried out, the methods and approaches of fuzzy logic were suggested to assess the Competence Complexity of the creative work product. Based on statistical and expert models, a regression was built to estimate time expenditure dependence of the creative brain-work expected outcomes on Competence Complexity. The resulting dependency allows the estimation of the time spent on the research project based on the estimation of the expected project results.
The political voice of diaspora: An analysis of external voting of Moldovan migrants
Authors: Rosca Alla
Published: April 2019

The study examines the voting preferences of Moldovan diaspora in the 2014 parliamentary elections. The paper aims to determine which political or economic circumstances in the host country have the biggest impact on determining voting preferences of the migrants. The political favorites of the Moldovan diaspora differ from those of their domestic counterparts. Furthermore, there are essential differences in voting patterns among migrants living in different countries. The findings suggest the migrants’ voting behavior is affected in some way by the political and economic realities of the host countries. The voting preferences of voters of the left and right wing parties are mostly affected by the political and socio-economic realities of the country of residence, although members of the diaspora voting for centrist parties are not affected by those factors.
The ecologization of housing and communal services of Ukraine in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Shtogryn Halyna , Sakal Oksana , Zapukhliak Ivanna , Kinash Iryna
Published: April 2019

The article presents the results of the research of ecologization of housing and communal services in Ukraine and distinguishes their characteristic features. It develops the method of integrated assessment of the level of ecologization of housing and communal services and calculates it in Ukrainian regions. The concept of ecologization of housing and communal services is formed, which is based on the model of sustainable development. It offers financial and economic instruments for stimulating the development of Ukrainian housing and communal services.
Perspectives of operational additive manufacturing: Case Studies from the Czech aerospace industry
Authors: Jirsák Petr , Brunet-Thornton Richard
Published: April 2019

This manuscript examines the results of a quantitative and qualitative survey on Additive Manufacturing in the Czech Republic, specifically the adoption within the aerospace industry. The study conducted in 2016 and 2017 provides a general understanding of the implementation.  To better gauge the experience, two intensive interviews provide a candid perspective of the challenges encountered. The discussion depicts the central issues that each enterprise encounters during this transition from traditional to Additive Manufacturing. The findings reveal that, although the transformation is on-going, a solid knowledge base remains a critical element to successful deployment.
Formation advertising strategies of Ukrainian pharmaceutical companies with the use of imitative model-simulators
Authors: Frolova Larysa , Semerun Lyudmyla , Sokolovska Zoia , Kapustyan Irene
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the article is to study the various processes in the development of advertising strategies of pharmaceutical companies, based on using tools in a multilevel simulation platform – AnyLogic. From this, the specifics of advertising companies in the pharmaceutical market are determined. The study takes into account the influence of various factors of the market environment on the functioning of pharmaceutical firms, their acceptance of specific advertising strategies, and forecasting the results of their implementation in uncertain conditions. The proposed imitative model-simulator is used to prepare advertising strategies for enterprises in the pharmaceutical industry. The performance of the model is displayed through the results of situational simulation experiments, using the leading Ukrainian Pharmaceutical Company OJSC "Farmak" as an example. The processes of carrying out experiments of different types and the possibilities of parametric adjustment to the experiments are demonstrated. The model is proposed to be used in the process of making strategic decisions and during operational monitoring of pharmaceutical products by an advertising company. Thanks to the modularity and sufficiency of the model, it is possible to customize it to specific industry enterprises.
Bank deposit activity in Ukraine: Directions and factors of development activation
Authors: Kichurchak Marianna
Published: April 2019

Scientific-methodical approaches of identifying the main factors for attracting deposits in the Ukrainian banking system are presented in this paper. The author offers the following procedure: a comparative analysis of the long-term dynamics (2000–2017) of the placement of deposits in Ukrainian, Belarussian, and Polish banking systems as a result of socio-economic development trends in these countries; an estimation at the macroeconomic level of the factors influencing this process, using methods of principal components analysis and factors classification; and detection of regression-correlating dependencies between the grouping variable (deposit volume) and variables of analysis through the sample regression function identification for these countries. The theory that attraction of deposits to the Ukrainian banking system was turbulent due to both the insufficient development of other financial market institutions and the prudent behavior of national economy agents is substantiated. Activation of bank deposit activity was found to be connected with measures of demographic situational improvements, thus ensuring the economic freedom of business entities in a hybrid war with the Russian Federation.
Why do consumers remain financially illiterate? The empirical test of some less investigated reasons
Authors: Oratowski Piotr , Cwynar Andrzej , Cwynar Wiktor , Dankiewicz Robert , Ostrowska-Dankiewicz Anna
Published: April 2019

Although financial literacy becomes increasingly important in more and more financialised world, and despite broad-based financial education interventions, consumers still display large shortcomings in the literacy. In this study, using multivariate linear regression and a nationally representative sample of adult Poles (N=1,067), we test some little-studied potential determinants of financial literacy with the purpose to further explain low financial literacy levels. We found that respondents who are more interested in financial domain, have less difficulty in understanding information supplied by means of numbers, and report more learning from own mistakes are at the same time more financially literate, even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Possible implications regarding the role of these factors for financial education are discussed.
Faith-Based Organisations and the Humanitarian Governance of Refugee Resettlement
Authors: Garnier Adele
Published: April 2019

This article investigates the role of faith-based organisations (FBOs) in refugee resettlement. Scholarly work on the role of FBOs in refugee resettlement remains limited and mostly focuses on FBOs' involvement in the resettlement policies of major resettling states. In contrast, this article draws on an understanding of refugee resettlement as humanitarian governance. Accordingly, refugee resettlement is an instrument of both care and control encompassing the discourses and practices of numerous governmental, intergovernmental and non-state actors at multiple levels. Approaching refugee resettlement as humanitarian governance means to unpack its power dynamics from the global to the local level. This article shows how FBOs contribute to these power dynamics. Its new perspective on the multifaceted role of FBOs in refugee resettlement aims to advance our understanding of refugee resettlement, to expand scholarship on the role of FBOs in immigration and refugee policy and to contribute to current debates on religion, policy and politics.
The Resources of Religious Humanitarianism
Authors: Rees John A. , Rawson Stefania
Published: April 2019

In the contemporary flow of irregular migrants worldwide, the predicaments of humanitarian work have become a source of public controversy and political disputation. Situated in the discourse of religion in international relations (IR), this introductory article considers conduct available to religious actors in response to the humanitarian challenge. Drawing on the case of refugees reaching the Italian territory of Lampedusa, the article offers a consideration of Pope Francis' visit to the island in 2013 via two interpretive modes of IR postsecularism. This approach, we argue, highlights the value of postsecular IR frameworks to interpret different dimensions of religious agency and to understand the unique resources available to religious actors in humanitarian advocacy.
Yves Gingras, Science and Religion: An Impossible Dialogue
Authors: Lataster Raphael
Published: April 2019

Yves Gingras, Science and Religion: An Impossible Dialogue. Cambridge & Boston: Polity, 2017, pp. x + 249, ISBN: 978-1-5095-1893-7.
The Dark Side of Dharma
Authors: Lutkajtis Anna
Published: April 2019

In contemporary Western society, meditation techniques that were previously taught within the context of Eastern religious traditions are now increasingly being practiced in secular settings. While the boundary between the secular and the religious is blurred, popular meditation techniques such as Transcendental Meditation, vipassana, and mindfulness are generally promoted as being derived from Eastern religions, but inherently non-religious, aligned with Western psychology, and suitable for a general audience. Over approximately forty years, thousands of research studies suggest that there are many psychological and physiological benefits associated with these forms of meditation; however, a small but growing literature indicates there could also be adverse effects. In Eastern religious traditions, difficulties associated with meditation are acknowledged, and are usually understood to be milestones on the path to enlightenment, the result of improper practice, or due to individual differences. However, in a Western secular context, negative effects associated with meditation have largely been overlooked. This article argues that this is in part due to the fact that in contemporary Western society the goal of meditation has shifted from enlightenment to symptom relief and personal transformation, leading to the assumption that meditation is harmless and 'good for everyone'.
Katharina Völker, Quran and Reform: Rahman, Arkoun, Abu Zayd
Authors: Marcotte Roxanne D.
Published: April 2019

Katharina Völker, Quran and Reform: Rahman, Arkoun, Abu Zayd. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang BmbH, 2017, pp. 195, ISBN: 978-3-631-67531-1 (pbk).
Ingvild Sælid Gilhus, Siv Éllen Kraft and James R. Lewis, New Age in Norway
Authors: Lutkajtis Anna
Published: April 2019

Ingvild Sælid Gilhus, Siv Éllen Kraft and James R. Lewis, New Age in Norway. Sheffield, UK and Bristol, CT: Equinox, 2017, pp. xiv + 290, ISBN: 978-1-78179 417-3 (pbk).
Do drinking problems in the past affect current consumption?
Authors: Reis Ana Maria , Quintal Carlota , Lourenço Óscar
Published: April 2019

Abstract: Harmful use of alcohol ranks among the top five risk factors for disease, disability and death worldwide. However, not all individuals who consume alcohol throughout life are addicted and our premise is that addiction implies a chain of consumption that produces harmful effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether self-assessed past drinking problems - our measure of harmful alcohol consumption - affect the current alcohol consumption patterns. We expected that drinking problems in the past could have a positive effect on current alcohol consumption. Using Portuguese data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we applied an ordered probit model, given the ordered nature of the dependent variable. Our dependent variable measures the current consumption using categories listed in ascending order of alcohol intake frequency (from less than once a month to daily consumption). Our results suggest that harmful alcohol consumption in the past is an important determinant of current alcohol consumption. Self-assessed past drinking problems had a positive effect on the first five lower categories of current alcohol consumption frequency - less than once a month to up to six days a week. Therefore, to reduce non-communicable avoidable diseases related to the use of alcohol, policies should consider the individuals’ decisions regarding alcohol consumption during their lifetime, and specific policies should focus on individuals with past drinking problems.
Padrões alimentares de crianças de 13 a 35 meses de idade e associação com características maternas
Authors: Bogea Eduarda Gomes , Martins Maylla Luanna Barbosa , Carvalho Wyllyane Rayana Chaves , Arruda Soraia Pinheiro Machado , França Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha , Silva Antonio Augusto Moura da
Published: April 2019

Resumo: O objetivo foi identificar os padrões alimentares em crianças e verificar a sua associação com características maternas. Foram estudadas 1.185 crianças de 13 a 35 meses de idade. O consumo alimentar foi investigado por meio do recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e os padrões alimentares identificados pela análise fatorial por componentes principais, seguida de rotação ortogonal varimax. Utilizou-se a modelagem hierarquizada por meio da regressão de Poisson com estimativa robusta da variância para calcular as razões de prevalências. Quatro padrões alimentares foram identificados: comum brasileiro, lácteo/mingau, saudável e não saudável. A variância explicada por esses fatores foi de 34,3%, sendo que o padrão comum brasileiro foi o que mais contribuiu com a variância proporcional. Destaca-se o padrão lácteo/mingau, em que o leite materno apresentou carga fatorial negativa, apontando para a sua substituição pelos leites de vaca e modificados. Os dados revelam que a caracterização dos padrões alimentares das crianças diverge segundo as características maternas, como a idade, escolaridade e número de filhos. Três dos quatro padrões encontrados são representados por alimentos ricos em amido, gordura saturada e açúcar simples, e pobres em vitaminas, minerais e fibras. Multiparidade, menor escolaridade materna e idade materna menor que 20 anos foram associadas ao menor consumo de alimentos considerados saudáveis e importantes para o desenvolvimento infantil.
Atenção primária à saúde e Organizações Sociais nas capitais da Região Sudeste do Brasil: 2009 e 2014
Authors: Ramos André Luis Paes , Seta Marismary Horsth De
Published: April 2019

Este estudo focaliza o desempenho das quatro capitais da Região Sudeste do Brasil na atenção primária à saúde (APS), nos anos de 2009 e 2014, em relação a indicadores do Pacto de Diretrizes e Metas (PDM) 2013-2015. Duas capitais recorreram a Organizações Sociais (OS) e duas mantiveram a prestação e a gerência da APS mediante a Administração Direta (AD), configurando modelos distintos de gestão. Dados secundários de acesso livre e pesquisa em sítios eletrônicos subsidiaram a caracterização das cidades e o seu desempenho em APS. A caracterização foi baseada em dados demográficos e socioeconômicos, modelo de gestão da APS, gastos com saúde e APS, importância do Fundo de Participação Municipal no orçamento e percentual de despesas do Poder Executivo com pessoal. Para medir o desempenho em APS, 13 indicadores foram calculados para 2009 e 2014, em três diretrizes do PDM: (i) acesso, (ii) atenção integral à saúde da mulher e da criança, e (iii) redução dos riscos e agravos à saúde. A análise comparativa do desempenho considerou o ano de 2014 e a evolução de cada capital no período analisado. As capitais São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, de gestão por OS, não obtiveram melhor desempenho no conjunto de indicadores em relação às que mantiveram a gestão por AD. Destaca-se a rápida expansão de cobertura de APS no Rio de Janeiro mediante OS. Na evolução do desempenho houve melhoria em indicadores como mortalidade infantil e internações por condições sensíveis à APS em todas as capitais. As cidades são distintas em relação a diversos parâmetros que podem influenciar o desempenho em APS e não se pretendeu estabelecer relação direta entre o modelo de gestão adotado e o desempenho medido.
Desigualdade e discriminação no acesso à água e ao esgotamento sanitário na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Nahas Maria Inês Pedrosa , Moura Arlete Soares Alves de , Carvalho Rodrigo Coelho de , Heller Léo
Published: April 2019

O acesso aos serviços de saneamento básico por parte da população da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, vem sendo marcado por processos de segregação socioespacial e exclusão social. Tendo em vista o reconhecimento, em 2010, dos direitos humanos à água e ao esgotamento sanitário pela Organização das Nações Unidas, busca-se analisar o acesso adequado a estes serviços na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte por meio do princípio da igualdade e não discriminação. Foram utilizados microdados provenientes dos censos demográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, anos de 2000 e 2010. Esses foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e comparativa, análise espacial e análise multivariada, buscando-se: dimensionar a universalização do acesso adequado aos serviços; analisar a dependência espacial entre os municípios no que se refere a tal acesso; identificar e caracterizar possível discriminação no acesso, por parte de determinados grupos populacionais. Os resultados permitiram observar: aumento na proporção de domicílios com o acesso adequado aos serviços de água e esgoto no período intercensitário; quase inexistência de associação espacial, demonstrando haver desigualdades entre os 34 municípios que compõem a Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte; desigualdades no acesso entre diferentes grupos populacionais - segundo situação do domicílio, renda, cor ou raça, sexo e escolaridade - em possível desacordo com o princípio da não discriminação.
Sobrevida de pessoas com hantavirose diagnosticadas no Estado do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Arita Daniele Akemi , Shimakura Silvia Emiko
Published: April 2019

Resumo: Hantavirose é uma doença emergente e com impacto na saúde pública. Por apresentar sinais e sintomas inespecíficos e facilmente confundidos com outras doenças, seu prognóstico poderia ser melhorado por meio do conhecimento de fatores que pudessem contribuir para seu desfecho. O estudo objetivou identificar os fatores associados ao tempo de sobrevivência em pessoas com hantavirose. Trata-se de um estudo com casos confirmados de hantavirose de janeiro/1992 a junho/2016 do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Cada caso apresentou dois desfechos competitivos possíveis: óbito ou cura. Para a análise de sobrevivência foi utilizado um modelo de riscos competitivos e as probabilidades dos desfechos estimadas pelo estimador de Aalen-Johansen. A medida de associação foi a razão de riscos (RzRiscos), com respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Dos 280 indivíduos com hantavirose, 107 (38,21%) evoluíram para o óbito, 161 (57,5%) para a cura e 12 (4,29%) foram censurados. O modelo final de sobrevivência foi composto por uso de respirador mecânico para o óbito (RzRiscos = 2,86; IC95%: 1,76-4,64; p = 0,00002), sinais hemorrágicos para o óbito (RzRiscos = 2,86; IC95%: 1,69-4,84; p = 0,00009) e para a cura (RzRiscos = 0,66; IC95%: 0,45-0,95; p = 0,03), cefaleia para a cura (RzRiscos = 1,99; IC95%: 1,12-3,54; p = 0,02) e menor de 20 anos para a cura (RzRiscos = 1,73; IC95%: 1,05-2,84; p = 0,03). Sinais hemorrágicos e uso de respirador mecânico são fatores relacionados com a gravidade dos casos e não oportunizam tempo suficiente para reverter o desfecho. No entanto, esses sinais de gravidade corroboram o argumento da importância da suspeição oportuna, permitindo um manejo clínico adequado a fim de reduzir a letalidade.
Vidas que esperam? Itinerários do acesso a serviços de saúde para homens trans no Brasil e na Argentina
Authors: Braz Camilo
Published: April 2019

Resumo: Neste trabalho, interpreto comparativamente os itinerários agenciados por homens trans para lidar com a questão da espera, quando confrontados por desafios relacionados ao acesso a serviços de saúde no Brasil na Argentina. O texto, fruto de pesquisa antropológica nas regiões metropolitanas de Goiânia e de Buenos Aires, visa a contribuir para as discussões em torno do acesso à saúde para homens trans nesses dois contextos, buscando apontar para as ambivalências relacionadas a seus itinerários terapêuticos em busca de cuidados biomédicos.
Body construction and health itineraries: a survey among travestis and trans people in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Carrara Sérgio , Hernandez Jimena de Garay , Uziel Anna Paula , Conceição Greice Maria Silva da , Panjo Henri , Baldanzi Ana Camilla de Oliveira , Queiroz João Pedro , D’Angelo Luisa Bertrami , Balthazar Adriana Maria Shad e , Silva Junior Aureliano Lopes da , Giami Alain
Published: April 2019

The article examines health itineraries followed by Brazilian travestis, trans men and trans women in the affirmation of their gender, based on the survey Trans Uerj: Health and Citizenship of Trans People in Brazil. The survey’s main objectives were to gauge the trans/travesti population’s diversity and sociodemographic profile; and to map the various ways they access their rights as citizens, especially to healthcare services and body modification technologies. Interviewers, mainly trans people and travestis, applied 391 questionnaires in the city of Rio de Janeiro and its metropolitan region to interviewees of different social classes, schooling levels and gender identity configurations, contacted through the interviewers’ social networks. For defining respondents’ gender identities the survey used an original method based on self-definitions, which were then aggregated into 6 categories for data analysis purposes. This article discusses the multiple strategies used by this trans population in gender affirmation processes to gain access to regulated and/or unregulated use of hormones and surgical procedures.
Experiências de acesso de mulheres trans/travestis aos serviços de saúde: avanços, limites e tensões
Authors: Monteiro Simone , Brigeiro Mauro
Published: April 2019

Frente às mudanças e permanências nos costumes, normas e políticas sexuais no Brasil, o artigo analisa as experiências de acesso de mulheres trans/travestis aos serviços de saúde e discute a discriminação sexual/de gênero e as suas demandas aos serviços de transição de gênero e prevenção da aids. O estudo envolveu entrevistas com nove mulheres trans/travestis, de 23-45 anos, das camadas populares da Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, realizadas em 2016, e observações de contextos de prostituição e sociabilidade. Comparando com as agressões vividas anos atrás, as narrativas das mulheres trans/travestis destacam avanços sociais. Relatam que os profissionais não as discriminam por sua condição, embora haja resistência ao uso do nome social. Esse constrangimento, somado aos problemas estruturais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), são minimizados devido à agência das trans/travestis para obter atendimento, seja pelo recurso às redes de contatos, seja por sua consciência de direitos de cidadania. As narrativas sobre a busca por mudanças corporais para a transição de gênero revelam uma conjugação, por vezes tensa, entre as tecnologias oferecidas nos serviços de saúde e aquelas manejadas pelas travestis. Embora as políticas de aids focalizem ações para trans/travestis, a prevenção do HIV não está entre as suas principais demandas aos serviços. Há obstáculos de ordem subjetiva para acessar os serviços, decorrentes do estigma internalizado e da associação da infecção pelo HIV com suas condições de vida. A melhoria da atenção em saúde da população trans/travesti requer um debate sobre os problemas estruturais do SUS, a defesa da visão ampliada de cuidado do sistema e investimentos na capacitação profissional.
Estigma e discriminação relacionados à identidade de gênero e à vulnerabilidade ao HIV/aids entre mulheres transgênero: revisão sistemática
Authors: Magno Laio , Silva Luis Augusto Vasconcelos da , Veras Maria Amélia , Pereira-Santos Marcos , Dourado Ines
Published: April 2019

Resumo: A prevalência de HIV entre mulheres transgênero é desproporcional quando comparamos com a população geral em vários países. O estigma e a discriminação, por conta da identidade de gênero, têm sido comumente associados à vulnerabilidade ao HIV/aids. O objetivo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura para analisar a relação entre o estigma e a discriminação relacionados à identidade de gênero de mulheres transgênero e à vulnerabilidade ao HIV/aids. Revisão sistemática da literatura, que envolveu as etapas de identificação, fichamento, análise e interpretação de resultados de estudos valendo-se da seleção em cinco bases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct e LILACS. Não houve estabelecimento de período de tempo a priori para essa revisão. Os estudos foram avaliados de acordo com critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram incluídos artigos em inglês, português ou espanhol, que relacionavam o estigma e a discriminação com a vulnerabilidade de mulheres transgênero ao HIV. Foram encontrados 41 artigos, majoritariamente qualitativos, publicados no período entre 2004 e 2018, e categorizados em três dimensões do estigma: nível individual, interpessoal e estrutural. Os dados permitem destacar que os efeitos do estigma relacionado à identidade de gênero, como a violência, a discriminação e a transfobia, são elementos estruturantes no processo da vulnerabilidade da população de mulheres transgênero ao HIV/aids. Os trabalhos mostraram relação entre estigma e discriminação com a vulnerabilidade de mulheres transgênero ao HIV/aids e apontaram para a necessidade de políticas públicas que combatam a discriminação na sociedade.
Escala de Influência dos Três Fatores (TIS) aplicada a estudantes universitários: estudo de validação e aplicação
Authors: Silva Wanderson Roberto da , Marôco João , Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini
Published: April 2019

Resumo: A Escala de Influência dos Três Fatores (TIS) é utilizada para avaliar a influência de aspectos sociais e familiares na aparência corporal dos indivíduos. Contudo, poucos indícios de validade de construto da TIS são apresentados. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar os indicadores psicométricos da TIS e identificar o grau de influência da mídia, pais e amigos na aparência corporal de universitários considerando diferentes características. Universitários de ambos os sexos participaram. Os indicadores psicométricos da TIS foram avaliados para cada sexo utilizando análise fatorial confirmatória. Os escores médios de cada fator da TIS foram calculados. As prevalências do grau de influência foram apresentadas. Um modelo de regressão múltiplo multivariado foi construído para verificar a relação de características de interesse com os escores dos fatores da TIS. Participaram 791 universitários (63,2% mulheres) de 18 a 40 anos. A TIS não apresentou bom ajustamento às amostras e foi refinada. Após refinamento, observou-se adequada validade e confiabilidade para mulheres e homens. Verificaram-se diferenças significativas entre os escores médios de mulheres e homens, e, nas prevalências, a maioria dos estudantes esteve na categoria baixa. A atividade laboral, o consumo de suplementos alimentares para alterar o corpo, a idade, o índice de massa corporal, a autoavaliação da alimentação e o nível de atividade física se relacionaram significativamente com os fatores da TIS. Em geral, as mulheres foram mais influenciadas pela mídia e pelos amigos do que os homens. As características amostrais identificadas como relacionadas aos fatores da TIS podem ser relevantes para inclusão em protocolos clínicos e de pesquisa.
Colaborações científicas em Zika: identificação dos principais grupos e pesquisadores através da análise de redes sociais
Authors: Maia Luis Fernando Monsores Passos , Lenzi Marcia , Rabello Elaine Teixeira , Oliveira Jonice
Published: April 2019

Resumo: Devido à associação entre Zika e microcefalia, o Brasil recebeu atenção neste cenário. A situação de emergência exigiu rapidez e esforço coletivo dos pesquisadores de todo o mundo, e a Ciência se apressou nas investigações e publicação dos resultados. A partir das interações formadas, criou-se e se disseminou conhecimento científico. Publicações ainda são a melhor forma de divulgar o conhecimento científico. Através delas é possível registrar os progressos realizados em um campo de estudos e observar como os cientistas colaboram entre si para conduzir avanços à medida que novos conhecimentos e tecnologias são engendrados. Um modo eficaz de mapear esses avanços é analisar as Redes Sociais (redes de relacionamentos e colaboração) dos cientistas, já que atualmente a colaboração constitui uma característica intrínseca da Ciência moderna. Desse modo, a coautoria em publicações se apresenta como um importante indicador de colaboração científica na compreensão dos progressos realizados em diversas áreas da Ciência. Este trabalho objetiva, por um método generalizável, mapear e analisar a Rede Social Científica formada no domínio de Zika, mostrando como os cientistas colaboraram entre si para conduzir os principais avanços de pesquisa, identificando os principais grupos de pesquisa em Zika, além dos pesquisadores mais influentes. Para isso, utilizaram-se técnicas de Análise de Redes Sociais nas redes de coautoria formadas entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. Os dados deste estudo sinalizam que a influência de um pesquisador em Zika é basicamente motivada por três fatores: (a) quantidade de publicações; (b) parcerias diversificadas; e (c) os vínculos estabelecidos com os pioneiros da área.
Radiographic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Root Canal Treatment Using Different Irrigation Systems
Authors: Jesus Sidinéia Feitoza de , Cohenca Nestor , Romualdo Priscilla Coutinho , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino de , Sousa-Neto Manoel Damião , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia , Silva Léa Assed Bezerra da
Published: April 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic periapical repair and the synthesis of inflammatory mediators after endodontic treatment in a single session, using different irrigation protocols, in teeth with apical periodontitis. Experimental apical periodontitis were induced in dog’s teeth randomly assigned into 4 groups: G1 - Irrigation by Negative Apical Pressure (n= 20); G2 - Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (n= 20), G3 - Positive Pressure Irrigation (n= 20); G4 - apical periodontitis without treatment (n= 20). After 180 days, the animals were euthanized, the tissues removed and submitted to histotechnical processing for immunohistochemical analysis of osteopontin (OPN), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin 1-a (IL-1a). Radiographic analysis was performed using the Periapical Index (PAI), obtained prior to and 180 days following endodontic treatment. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Fisher’s Exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post-test (a = 5%). Radiographically, after endodontic treatment, apical periodontitis persisted in 35% of G1 specimens, 40% of G2 and 40% of G3 (p>0.05), although a PAI reduction was observed (p<0.05). By immunohistochemical evaluation, endodontic treatment resulted in lower synthesis of TNF-a and OPN in periapical region, compared to apical periodontitis without treatment (p<0.05). Production of IL-1 was not modulated by endodontic treatment (p>0.05). Periapical healing was observed in approximately 60% of the cases after endodontic treatment performed in a single session with lower synthesis of TNF-a and OPN in the periapical region, regardless of the irrigation protocol used.
Do Irrigation Solutions Influence the Bond Interface Between Glass Fiber Posts and Dentin?
Authors: Suzuki Thaís Yumi Umeda , Pereira Mariana Almeida , Gomes-Filho João Eduardo , Wang Linda , Assunção Wirley Gonçalves , Santos Paulo Henrique dos
Published: April 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength and interface permeability of glass-fiber posts in different regions of post space (cervical, middle, and apical) submitted to different irrigation solutions. Ninety single-rooted human teeth were submitted to endodontic treatment and divided into five groups, according to irrigation solutions: distilled water, 5.25% NaOCl, 25% polyacrylic acid, 2% chlorhexidine, and 23 ppm Ag NP dispersion. Each group was divided in 3 subgroups (n=6) according to cementation: SBU: Adper Scotchbond Universal + RelyX ARC; U200: RelyX U200; MCE: MaxCem Elite. Bond strength and sealing ability were measured in different areas of post space. The data was subjected to ANOVA and Fisher’s test (a=0,05). The silver nanoparticle solution showed highest bond strength values and lowest interface permeability in all thirds analyzed for SBU group. In the U200 group, the highest bond strength values were found for sodium hypochlorite solution, with significant difference between this solution and polyacrylic acid. A decrease in bond strength values in cervical to apical direction was found for MCE group and the same behavior were found for others groups. Regarding interface permeability, use of silver nanoparticle solution resulted in lower values in cervical and apical thirds. There was a decrease in bond strength in cervical to apical direction. Different irrigation solutions and intraradicular depth influenced the bond strength and interface permeability of adhesive material to dentin substrate. Silver nanoparticle solution can effectively be used as an irrigation agent in post space prior to fiber post cementation process.
Surface Topography, Gloss and Flexural Strength of Pressable Ceramic After Finishing-Polishing Protocols
Authors: Silva Fernanda P. , Vilela Ana L. R. , Almeida Matheus M. G. , Oliveira André R. F. , Raposo Luís H. A. , Menezes Murilo S.
Published: April 2019

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of different finishing-polishing protocols on surface roughness, gloss, morphology and biaxial flexural strength of pressable fluorapatite glass ceramic. Thirty ceramic discs (12x1 mm) were produced and divided into five groups (n=6): CT: control (glaze); DA: fine grit diamond bur; DG: DA + new glaze layer; DP: DA + felt disk with fine grit diamond paste; DK: DA+ sequential polishing with silicon abrasive instruments, goat hair brush and cotton wheel. The specimens were analyzed for surface roughness (Ra) under profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Gloss was measured with spectrophotometry and micromorphology with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Flexural strength was assessed by biaxial flexural strength test. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (a=0.05). DK showed the lowest surface roughness values and DA presented the highest in the perfilometer analysis. No significant differences were observed in the AFM for the CT, DG and DK groups, which presented the lower surface roughness; DA and DP had the higher Ra values. The DA, DP and CT showed the lowest surface gloss values, and the reflectance was significantly different from those observed for DK and DG groups. SEM analysis revealed the smoothest surface for DK group, followed by DG and CT groups; DA and DP groups exhibited variable degrees of surface irregularities. No significant differences were observed among groups for the biaxial flexural strength. The polishing protocol used in DK group can be a good alternative for chairside finishing of adjusted pressable fluorapatite glass ceramic surfaces.
Homeopathy and Periodontal Treatment in Type II Diabetic Patients: a 1-Year Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mourão Leila , Carillo Jr Romeu , Linares Sabrina Martins , Canabarro Antonio , Fischer Ricardo Guimarães
Published: April 2019

Abstract Chronic periodontitis (CP) and Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMII) are chronic diseases usually treated by conventional practices. On the other hand, homeopathy can help to treat many different diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of homeopathy (H) as an adjunct for non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in individuals with DMII and CP. Eighty individuals with CP and DM II, of both sexes and aged between 32 and 70 years, participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. They were divided into two groups: control group (CG) and the test group (TG), and both groups received the NSPT. TG also received homeopathic therapy, including Berberis, Mercurius solubilis/Belladonna/Hepar sulphur and Pyrogenium, while CG received placebo. Clinical and laboratorial examinations were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Both groups showed significant improvement throughout the study, for most of the parameters studied, but TG presented significative gain of CAL at 1 and 12 months compared to CG. Mean glucose and glycated hemoglobin significantly decreased in both groups after 6 and 12 months. However, there was a significantly further reduction of these parameters in TG, as compared to CG. In conclusion, homeopathy as supplement of NSPT may further improve health condition, including glycemic control, in DMII patients with CP.
Glomus Tumor of the Oral Cavity: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Celeste , Oliveira Maria Eduarda Pérez de , Castro Jurema Freire Lisboa de , Carvalho Elaine Judite de Amorim , Almeida Oslei Paes de , Perez Danyel Elias da Cruz
Published: April 2019

Abstract Glomus tumor is a benign neoplasm composed of a perivascular proliferation of glomic cells that resembles the normal glomus body. Usually, it appears as a solitary, symptomatic small blue-red nodule, located in the deep dermis or subcutis of upper or lower extremities of young to middle-aged adults. Cases affecting the oral cavity are very rare, with only 23 well-documented cases reported in the English-language literature. Herein, we present a rare case of glomus tumor of the upper lip, and review the literature of cases involving the mouth.
Effects of Selective Versus Non-Selective COX-2 Inhibition on Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Moro Marcella Goetz , Oliveira Marilia Dantas dos Santos , Oliveira Leticia Rodrigues de , Teixeira Simone Aparecida , Muscará Marcelo Nicolas , Spolidorio Luis Carlos , Holzhausen Marinella
Published: April 2019

Abstract In the present study we compared the effects of the selective COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib with those of the classical non-selective NSAID diclofenac on the inflammatory process and alveolar bone loss in an experimental model of periodontitis in rats. Ninety male Holtzman rats (250 g) were randomly sorted into four experimental groups: Sham+CMC and Ligature+CMC (control) groups which received 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) solution; Ligature+Diclofenac and Ligature+Etoricoxib groups which received Potassium Diclofenac and Etoricoxib, respectively, suspended in 0.5% CMC (10 mg/kg/day). At 7, 14 and 21 days after placing ligatures in the cervical region of both the lower right and left first molars, the animals were euthanized. At the end of each period, the mandibles were collected for radiographic examination of alveolar bone loss. In addition, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament tissue samples were collected for COX-2 expression analysis and gingival tissues were collected for measurement of PGE2 contents. Animals with ligature-induced periodontal disease showed significant increased COX-2 gene expression at days 7, 14 and 21 (p<0.05) on alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. However, both treatments resulted in significantly reduced alveolar bone loss when compared to the untreated Ligature group (p<0.05), with no statistical difference between Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Potassium groups. This study shows that both drugs were able to reduce alveolar bone loss after periodontal disease induction.
Hairy Tongue: Differential Diagnosis by Use of Widefield Optical Fluorescence
Authors: Andrade Sérgio Araújo , Ribeiro Marisa Maria , Pratavieira Sebastião , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador , Varotti Fernando de Pilla
Published: April 2019

Abstract Hairy tongue is a benign pathology, characterized clinically by hyperkeratinized plaques on the dorsal surface of the tongue, hairlike, whose coloration ranges from unpigment, whitish, yellowish, green, brown to black. Diagnosis is clinical, and, in cases of whitish plaques, it may be difficult to differentiate between oral hairy leukoplakia, potentially malignant leukoplakia or squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, widefield optical fluorescence complementary examination may allow a better visualization of the local hairlike pattern of hyperkeratinization, typical of the hairy tongue, facilitating the diagnosis. In this work, a 57-year-old man was referred to the Dental Specialties Department of the Divinópolis Health Department (MG, Brazil) by a general dental practitioner, aiming a differential diagnosis of possible malignant lesion on the dorsal tongue surface. The complementary examination by wide-field optical fluorescence was performed. For this, it was employed a device with high-power light-emitting diode emitting light centered at a wavelength of (400±10) nm and maximum irradiance of (0.040±0.008) W/cm2 was used for fluorescence visualization. Fluorescence images showed projections of hairlike appearance in tongue dorsal surface with no aspects of malignancy. Hairlike appearance is the principal feature of hairy tongue. In this way, the final diagnosis was established. In conclusion, in this case, the use of widefield optical fluorescence in oral diagnostic routine provided a differential diagnosis, with no need of an incisional biopsy.