bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and Functioning of Microbial Community of Mineral Springs inCentral Asia
Authors:   Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia e-mail: bairnam@biol.bsc.buryatia.ru, B.B. Namsaraev , D.D. Barkhutova ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia e-mail: bairnam@biol.bsc.buryatia.ru, E.V. Danilova ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia e-mail: bairnam@biol.bsc.buryatia.ru, O.P. Dagurova ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia e-mail: bairnam@biol.bsc.buryatia.ru, Z.B. Namsaraev ,   Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Tsetseg Balzhiin ,   Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Oyuntsetseg Ayush ,   Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia, e-mail: oyun_a@num.edu.mn
Published: January 2017

The microbial mats of different types of springs in Central Asia (Zabaikalye and Mongolia) aredescribed. The species diversity of mat-formed phototrophic bacteria was determined. The rates ofmicrobial destruction processes (sulfate reduction and methane formation) were measured. An importantrole of bacteria and algae in the formation of mineral water composition was shown.
Management of Mongolian Gazelles as a Sustainable Resource
Authors:   Wildlife Conservation Society, P.O. Box 485, Ulaanbaatar 211238, Mongolia, e-mail: pzahler@wcs.org, Zahler Peter , Olson Kirk ,   University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01002, USA, e-mail: kolson@wcs.org, Khuukhenbaatar Ganzorig ,   State Specialized Inspection Agency, Ulaanbaatar 211238, Mongolia, Byamba Boldbaatar ,   State Specialized Inspection Agency, Ulaanbaatar 211238, Mongolia, Schaller George ,   Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 01460, USA, Grigg Gordon ,   Ecology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia, Pople Tony ,   Ecology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia, Payne Nicole ,   New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 2111 Dubbo, NSW 2830, Australia  e-mail:nicole.payne@npws.nsw.gov.a, Draisma Matt ,   83 Stoddart’s Road, Warragul, Victoria, 3820, Australia, Hopwood Paul ,   Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, Odonkhuu Daria ,   Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia
Published: January 2017

An international workshop on gazelle harvesting and management was held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongoliain October, 2003. The major output from this workshop was the general agreement that no commercialhunt can be recommended at this time. This is because of the high level of poaching that is appearing tobe having a negative impact on gazelle numbers. Best estimates put the existing gazelle population atabout one million and decreasing. Models have suggested that this population could sustain an annual6% commercial offtake. However, it is estimated that the illegal offtake may be near or exceed 10%annually. If so, this would explain why the population of gazelles is decreasing even without a legalcommercial hunt. While there are adequate laws to deal with poaching, there is extremely poor enforcementdue to a lack of funding, equipment, and will. We recommend against a commercial harvest until poachingis controlled and there is a sound monitoring system in place, and until monitoring shows gazellepopulations to be stable or increasing.
Protected Area Status in Mongolia
Authors:   Steppe Forward Programme, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, P.O. Box 537,Ulaanbaatar 210646A, Mongolia e-mail: Jargal99@yahoo.com, Jargal Jamsranjav
Published: January 2017

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Why Do You Need Mathematics to Learn Ecology?
Authors:   Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, MongoliaPresent address: Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4207, USA e-mail:boldgiv@sas.upenn.edu, Boldgiv Bazartseren
Published: January 2017

John Maynard Smith, one of the most influentialevolutionary biologists of our time, once said “Ifyou can’t stand algebra, then stay away fromevolutionary biology.” A similar phrase can be saidabout ecology: “if you can’t stand mathematics,then stay away from ecology.” At the outset I shouldsay that I am not trying to discourage readers whohave not had an opportunity to have and use thegreat tool of mathematics, but my intention is tohelp young ecologists to develop into competentprofessionals from the beginning by emphasizingits importance
Scientific Wealth of Mongolia on a Global Scale
Authors:   Department of Ecology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia, Boldgiv Bazartseren , Shagdarsuren O. ,   Department of Ecology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia, Terbish Kh. ,   Department of Ecology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia, Boldbaatar Bazartseren ,   Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Ulaanbaatar 210153, Mongolia
Published: January 2017

This article attempts to objectively evaluate the scientific wealth of Mongolia as a nation, by analyzingjournal publications by Mongolian scientists recorded in the ISI database. Publications by Mongolianauthors for the period of 1979-2002 were included for analyses. Although the total number of publicationshas increased for the given period, there was no significant increase in the relative citation impact or RCI.Changes of publication quality as measured by RCI showed different trends for various scientific fields.Publications in clinical medicine and biology show most positive trend, whereas publications inmathematics and physics declined in quality. All the fields are well below the world’s total publicationquality for a comparable period. Additionally, percentage of papers by Mongolian senior authors hasdeclined (though the trend is not significant). This is a rather disturbing trend given the fact that thenumber of researchers with a doctor’s degree in the country has greatly increased during the same periodof time. Quality of publications by Mongolian first authors and only Mongolian authors were significantlylower than collaborative ones. As far as we are aware, this is the first evaluation of scientific wealth ofMongolia as a whole and it is hoped that it would be helpful to policy-making and scientific communitiesin prioritizing and determining the direction of support and finance.
LEGISLAÇÃO AMBIENTAL, FORMA URBANA E ESPAÇOS LIVRES
Authors: De Oliveira Lima Angélica Dayane Sena , Benfatti Denio Munia
Published: January 2017

Esta reflexão envolve dois termos distintos e interdependentes: espaço livre público e forma urbana, sob a perspectiva das legislações ambientais: Plano Diretor, Planos Locais de Gestão Urbana e a Legislação Ambiental. Partindo desses referenciais, o trabalho pretende colocar sob os refletores a utilização do conceito de parques lineares como solução padrão e generalizada para as restrições regulamentares decorrentes de interpretações da legislação ambiental. O trabalho, tomando como objeto a cidade de Campinas, traz para análise duas situações urbanas distintas. A macrozona 5, situada na região sudoeste da cidade e ocupada majoritariamente por uma população de classe de renda média e média baixa, e com grande incidência de ocupações irregulares ocorridas nas últimas três décadas. Como contraponto, a macrozona 8, ocupada majoritariamente por loteamentos fechados, destinados a uma população de classe de renda média e média alta. Esses extremos serão importantes para demonstrar as particularidades de cada paisagem e sobretudo as relações entre os espaços construídos e os espaços livres públicos determinados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE | parques lineares, legislação ambiental, planos locais, Campinas.
Comparison of penetrating and nonpenetrating captive bolt methods in horned goats
Authors: Collins Samantha L. , Caldwell Marc , Hecht Silke , Whitlock Brian K.
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE To use MRI and CT to compare the amount of tissue damage (soft tissue and bone) to the heads of goats after administration of a nonpenetrating or penetrating captive bolt.

ANIMALS Cadavers of twelve 1- to 5-year-old mixed-breed goats that had been euthanized with an overdose of pentobarbital as part of an unrelated study.

PROCEDURES Cadavers were randomly assigned to receive a nonpenetrating (n = 6) or penetrating (6) captive bolt. The head of 1 cadaver was imaged via CT and MRI. The muzzle of a device designed to administer either a penetrating or nonpenetrating captive bolt was then placed flush on the dorsal midline of each head at the level of the external occipital protuberance (poll) and aimed downward toward the cranialmost portion of the intermandibular space, and the assigned bolt was administered. Heads were removed, and CT and MRI of each head were performed. After imaging, each skull was transected along the sagittal plane to permit gross evaluation of central nervous tissue and obtain digital photographic images. In addition, 1 head that received a nonpenetrating captive bolt was further evaluated via blunt dissection and removal of adnexa from the external surface of the calvarium.

RESULTS MRI, CT, and dissection of skulls revealed severe skeletal and soft tissue damage after impact with the penetrating and nonpenetrating captive bolts.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The nonpenetrating captive bolt appeared to cause damage similar to that of the penetrating captive bolt in the cranium and soft tissues of the head in caprine cadavers. This damage suggested that administration of a nonpenetrating captive bolt as described here may be an acceptable method of euthanasia in goats.
Serologic survey for antibodies against three genotypes of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus in unvaccinated ungulates in Alabama
Authors: Newcomer Benjamin W. , Neill John D. , Galik Patricia K. , Riddell Kay P. , Zhang Yijing , Passler Thomas , Velayudhan Binu T. , Walz Paul H.
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine titers of serum antibodies against 3 genotypes of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (BPI3V) in unvaccinated ungulates in Alabama.

ANIMALS 62 cattle, goats, and New World camelids from 5 distinct herds and 21 captured white-tailed deer.

PROCEDURES Serum samples were obtained from all animals for determination of anti-BPI3V antibody titers, which were measured by virus neutralization assays that used indicator (reference) viruses from each of the 3 BPI3V genotypes (BPI3V-A, BPI3V-B, and BPI3V-C). The reference strains were recent clinical isolates from US cattle. Each sample was assayed in triplicate for each genotype. Animals with a mean antibody titer ≤ 2 for a particular genotype were considered seronegative for that genotype.

RESULTS Animals seropositive for antibodies against BPI3V were identified in 2 of 3 groups of cattle and the group of New World camelids. The geometric mean antibody titer against BPI3V-B was significantly greater than that for BPI3V-A and BPI3V-C in all 3 groups. All goats, captive white-tailed deer, and cattle in the third cattle group were seronegative for all 3 genotypes of the virus.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that BPI3V-A may no longer be the predominant genotype circulating among ungulates in Alabama. This may be clinically relevant because BPI3V is frequently involved in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory disease complex, current vaccines contain antigens against BPI3V-A only, and the extent of cross-protection among antibodies against the various BPI3V genotypes is unknown.
Evaluation of leg banding and attachment of radio‐transmitters on ring‐necked pheasant chicks
Authors: Carroll J. Matthew , Hamm R. Lee , Hagen Jacob M. , Davis Craig A. , Guthery Fred S.
Published: January 2017

Marking birds is a vital tool for determining survival, habitat‐use patterns, and movements. For galliform species, metal leg bands and radio‐transmitters are widely used marking techniques. While commonly used on adult birds, leg banding and radio‐marking of galliform chicks are not commonly employed. During a two‐year study to evaluate survival, dispersal, and habitat‐use of released four‐week old ring‐necked pheasants Phasianus colchicus, we sought to mark chicks in a manner that allowed us to track them post‐release and recognize them if harvested as adults. Our objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of four banding techniques: 1) standard bands for adult ring‐necked pheasants [no. 6 aluminum butt‐end bands], 2) colored plastic spiral leg bands commonly used for banding poultry, 3) no. 6 bands and plastic spiral leg bands to prevent the aluminum bands from slipping off, and 4) cotton‐filled no. 6 bands to prevent bands from slipping off and allow growth of the tarsus. We also evaluated two radio‐transmitter attachment methods: gluing or suturing transmitters on the back of four‐week‐old chicks. The no. 6 bands did not stay attached to the birds due to the bands being too large, and plastic spiral bands commonly caused constriction of the legs, possibly crippling birds. However, using cotton filled leg‐bands was a reliable method for marking pheasant chicks. Although gluing has been used successfully as a radio‐transmitter attachment method in other studies, in our study it largely failed given that few radio‐transmitters remained attached beyond two days. Suturing was an effective method (90% of the transmitters remained attached until death or expected life of the battery) for attaching radio‐transmitters to ring‐necked pheasant chicks. Our field study has revealed promising approaches and we suggest that a captive study should now evaluate the possible sub‐lethal effects (e.g. growth rates, body condition, transmitter retention times) of these attachment methods.
Off-Script: A Formulaic “Freedom” in Rhythmic Gymnastics’ Code of Points
Authors: Mazumdar Christine
Published: January 2017

Rhythmic gymnastics is an aesthetic sport predicated on the interrelationship of technical virtuosity and artistic prowess. In accordance with the 2013–2016 rules of the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (International Gymnastics Federation; FIG), rhythmic gymnastics choreography is predicated on the “unity” of this technical-artistic binary; however, the technical and artistic qualities of the choreography are evaluated by two separate judging panels. As such, the development of an elite-level gymnast must consider not only athletic conditioning but also artistic development—becoming an athlete and an artist. The complications and contradictions that arise from trying to quantify the technical (objective) and the artistic (subjective) performed within competitive routines, I argue, is foregrounded by the FIG’s 2001 incorporation of the gymnast’s “difficulty script,” which requires each gymnast to supply a copy of their planned elements to the judges before the competition. Exploring three different case studies from international tournaments, I consider not only how choreographers are limited in their artistic freedom by having to incorporate a set list of compulsory elements into each routine but also how, in competition, performers face the added challenge of preserving the semblance of spontaneity in a routine that is being simultaneously read by the judges.
In the Zone: Performing Fandom and Branding in Toronto’s Jurassic Park
Authors: Evans Daniel
Published: January 2017

Fan zones are increasingly used at sporting events to extend the shared viewing experience beyond the capacity of traditional sports venues. The NBA’s Toronto Raptors have made Jurassic Park a key part of their supporters’ experience in the city during crucial playoff games. While the primary purpose for the fans in the zone is to enjoy watching the game as a group, the Raptors management has repurposed and branded their collective identity to drive desire not just within the fan zone but also among audience watching Raptors games on TV.
One-pot and Three-Component Synthesis of α-Benzylamino Pyrones
Authors: Sanchooli Jilla , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: January 2017

The synthesis of α-benzylamino pyrones is described involving the reaction of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2 H-pyran-2-one with aromatic aldehydes and secondary amines in the presence of oxalic acid and in aqueous media. The salient features of this protocol are aerobic conditions, short reaction times, milder reaction conditions without additives and high yields.
Taurine – a possible fingerprint biomarker in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A pilot study by 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Srivastava Shatakshi , Roy Raja , Singh Sudhir , Kumar Praveen , Dalela Diwakar , Sankhwar Satya N. , Goel Apul , Sonkar Abhinav A.
Published: January 2017

Urinary bladder cancer is a major epidemiological problem that continues to grow each year. It opens avenues for investigative research for the identification of new disease markers and diagnostic techniques. In this pilot study, utility of non-invasive 1H NMR spectroscopy has been evaluated for probing the metabolic perturbations occurring in non-muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer. 1H NMR spectra of urine of bladder cancer patients and controls (healthy and urinary tract infection/bladder stone) (n=103) were acquired at 400MHz. The non-overlapping resonances of citrate, dimethylamine, phenylalanine, taurine and hippurate were first identified and then quantitated by 1H NMR spectra, with respect to an external reference sodium-3-trimethylsilylpropionate (TSP). The concentrations of these metabolites were then statistically analyzed. The cancer patients showed significant (p< 0.05) variations in concentration of hippurate and citrate as compared with healthy controls and benign controls. The significant elevation in concentration of taurine was observed in urine of bladder cancer patients, which was below the sensitivity limit of 400MHz in control cases. However, stages Ta, T1 and carcinoma in situ (CIS) cannot be differentiated on the basis of altered metabolite indices but their composition may reflect the biochemical alterations in metabolism of cancer cells.
Analysis of the expression of human tumor antigens in ovarian cancer tissues
Authors: Ali-Fehmi Rouba , Chatterjee Madhumita , Ionan Alexei , Levin Nancy K. , Arabi Haitham , Bandyopadhyay Sudeshna , Shah Jay P. , Bryant Christopher S. , Hewitt Stephen M. , O'Rand Michael G. , Alekseev Oleg M. , Morris Robert , Munkarah Adnan , Abrams Judith , Tainsky Michael A.
Published: January 2017

Biomarkers for early detection of cancer have great clinical diagnostic potential. Numerous reports have documented the generation of humoral immune responses that are triggered in response to changes in protein expression patterns in tumor tissues and these biomarkers are referred to as tumor associated antigens (TAAs). Using a high-throughput technology, we previously identified 65 proteins as diagnostically useful TAAs by profiling the humoral immune responses in ovarian cancer (OVCA) patients. Here we determined the expression status of some of those TAAs in tissues from OVCA patients. The protein expression patterns of 4 of those 65 antigens, namely NASP, RCAS1, Nijmegen breakage syndrome1 (NBS1) and eIF5A, along with p53 and Her2 (known molecular prognosticators) and two proteins that interact with NBS1, MRE11 and RAD50, were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). NASP and RCAS1 proteins were more frequently expressed in ovarian cancer tissues than with normal ovarian tissue and serous cystadenomas and MRE11 was less frequently expressed. When evaluated simultaneously, only NASP and MRE11 remained statistically significant with sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 89%. None of these proteins' expression levels were prognostic for survival. Together, our results indicate that occurrence of humoral immune responses against some of these TAAs in OVCA patients is triggered by antigen protein overexpression.
Positive identification of CA215 pan cancer biomarker from serum specimens of cancer patients
Authors: Lee Gregory , Ge Bixia , Huang Teng-Kai , Zheng Gary , Duan Jiantao , Wang Ida Hsiao Yun
Published: January 2017

Background:

Background: To evaluate the clinical utility of CA215 as a pan cancer biomarker, serum levels of CA215 were determined with clinically defined serum specimens from over 500 cancer patients and compared with results obtained by other nine established cancer markers. The molecular nature of this cancer-associated antigen from selected patients' sera was determined.

Methods:

Methods: By using improved immunoassays, serum levels of CA215 and other known biomarkers were determined for respective positive detection rates. The molecular size of CA215 from cancer patients was determined by Western blot assay.

Results:

Results: By using 0.1 AU/ml as the normal cut-off value, the positive rates of CA215 for different cancers were shown to be 52% (lung), 74% (liver), 44% (colon), 61% (esophagus), 60% (stomach), 59% (ovary), 40% (prostate), 71% (breast), 38% (kidney), 41% (pancreas), 51% (cervix), and 83% (lymphoma), respectively. Other cancer markers including AFP, CEA, CA125, CA19-9, CA15-3, Cyfra21-1, Ferritin, β2 microglobulin and PSA were also parallelly compared. A combination of CA215 with other tissue-associated cancer markers generally resulted in much higher cancer detection rates. CA215 detected from cancer patients was confirmed to be human immunoglobulins that contain common RP215-specific carbohydrate-associated epitope.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: Through clinical evaluations of serum specimens of various cancer patients, CA215 was confirmed to be human cancer cell-derived immunoglobulins. CA215 is apparently comparable to or better than other known biomarkers for the positive detection and monitoring of many types of human cancers.
Designing privacy-preserving interval operations based on homomorphic encryption and secret sharing techniques
Authors: Wüller Stefan , Mayer Daniel , Förg Fabian , Schüppen Samuel , Assadsolimani Benjamin , Meyer Ulrike , Wetzel Susanne
Published: January 2017

This paper introduces two-party protocols for various operations on two integer intervals that are privacy-preserving in the semi-honest model. Specifically, this work proposes new protocols for determining whether two intervals overlap; computing the boundaries and size of the overlap; and selecting a random sub-interval within the overlap. The protocols are presented both for homomorphic encryption and for secret sharing as basic secure multi-party computation techniques. Moreover, this paper presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of the newly-developed protocols.
BIM to BEM as Teaching Methodology to Support Sustainable Construction Decisions
Authors: Santiago Pedro
Published: January 2017

Sustainability is a major issue in the built environment. Each generation of architects has a responsibility towards building a more efficient and balanced world. Universities have the task of preparing new professionals for global demands. As far as sustainability is concerned, a practical, visible approach has a greater and more rapid impact on the student. The use of BIM technologies allows real-time experience, providing a real feel sensation and producing faster results. This methodological approach and its results are the focus of this paper, referring to BEM with Archicad and Ecodesigner star as tools to evaluate thermal behaviour and the material impact of the proposed designs.
An Estimation of the Learning Curve Effect on Project Scheduling with Working Days Calculation
Authors: Mályusz Levente , Varga Anita
Published: January 2017

In this paper, a learning curve effect on project duration is shown – calculating with working days only - and estimated with the help of simulated examples. Although learning is an essential part of our life, traditional scheduling techniques cannot efficiently handle the learning curve effect. It is assumed that the duration of impending repetitive activities are shorter due to the learning curve effect if the gap between consecutive activities is small enough. Taking into account the effects of the learning curve (or experience curve), it is possible to better predict project duration thus saving time and money. This effect normally results in shorter project duration. Although the effect is a “simple” calculation, it leads to an exponential time algorithm if the learning effect is applied to traditional project scheduling techniques like CPM, or Precedence Diagramming Method. In this paper, an integer programming model is developed, and an efficient algorithm is used to establish project duration. (This paper is an extended version of Levente Malyusz: Learning curve effect on Project Scheduling, Procedia 2016.)
Lung cancer — major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual
Authors: Rami‐Porta Ramón , Asamura Hisao , Travis William D. , Rusch Valerie W.
Published: January 2017

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

The revision for the eighth edition of the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) classification of lung cancer was based on analyses of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer database, which included 77,156 evaluable patients diagnosed with lung cancer from 1999 to 2010. Among tumor (T) descriptors, the following new tumor‐size groups were created: T1a, ≤1 cm; T1b, >1 to 2 cm; T1c, >2 to 3 cm; T2a, >3 to 4 cm; T2b, >4 to 5 cm; T3, >5 to 7 cm; and T4, >7 cm. Tis and T1mi were introduced for adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, respectively. Endobronchial tumors located <2 cm from the carina have better prognosis than those with any other T3 descriptor and were classified as T2. Total atelectasis/pneumonitis was classified as a T2 descriptor, because it has a T2 prognosis. Diaphragmatic invasion is now T4. Visceral pleural invasion remains unchanged, and mediastinal pleura invasion, which is seldom used, disappears as a T descriptor. The lymph node (N) component descriptors are unchanged, but the number of involved nodal stations has prognostic impact. For the metastasis (M) component, M1a (intrathoracic metastases) remains unchanged, but extrathoracic metastases are divided into a single extrathoracic metastasis (new M1b) and multiple extrathoracic metastases in a single organ or multiple organs (M1c). Stage IA is now divided into IA1, IA2, and IA3 to accommodate T1a, T1b, and T1cN0M0 tumors, respectively; all N1 disease is stage IIB except for T3‐T4N1M0 tumors, which are stage IIIA; a new stage IIIC is created for T3‐T4N3M0 tumors; and stage IV is divided into IVA (M1a and M1b) and IVB (M1c). This revision enhances our capacity for prognostication and will have an important impact in the management of patients with lung cancer and in future research. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:138–155. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Flux Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetism of the Series La2n+2MnSen+2O2n+2 (n = 0–2)
Authors: Peschke Simon , Johrendt Dirk
Published: January 2017

Three members of the homologous series of manganese oxyselenides with the general formula La2n+2MnSen+2O2n+2 (n = 0–2) have been synthesized in a NaI/KI ﬂux and characterized by single-crystalX-raydiffraction,powderX-raydiffractionandmagneticmeasurements. Thestructures consist of chains of edge-sharing MnSe4O2-octahedra along the b-axis which are linked together along the a-axis by edge-sharing OLa4- and/or OLa3Mn-tetrahedra forming inﬁnite ribbons of increasing width. mC-La2MnSe2O2 (Pb2HgCl2O2-type, C2/m, a = 11.6621(5) Å, b = 3.9719(1) Å, c = 7.2049(3) Å, β = 121.655(2)◦) represents a new polymorph of this compound. La4MnSe3O4 (P2/m, a = 9.0055(4) Å, b = 4.0186(1) Å, c = 7.1946(3) Å, β = 109.715(2)◦) and La6MnSe4O6 (C2/m, a = 24.760(2) Å,b = 4.0359(3)Å,c=7.1850(6)Å, β =104.162(3)◦)exhibitnewstructuretypes. Magnetic measurements suggest antiferromagnetic order of the moments below about 15 K with effective magnetic moments of 5.53(1), 5.99(1) and 6.01(1) µB per formula unit for n = 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
A Novel Convergent Synthesis of the Potent Antiglaucoma Agent Tafluprost
Authors: Krupa Małgorzata , Chodyński Michał , Ostaszewska Anna , Cmoch Piotr , Dams Iwona
Published: January 2017

Tafluprost (AFP-168, 5) is a unique 15-deoxy-15,15-difluoro-16-phenoxy prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) analog used as an efficacious ocular hypotensive agent in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, as monotherapy, or as adjunctive therapy to β-blockers. A novel convergent synthesis of 5 was developed employing Julia–Lythgoe olefination of the structurally advanced prostaglandin phenylsulfone 16, also successfully applied for manufacturing of pharmaceutical grade latanoprost (2), travoprost (3) and bimatoprost (4), with an aldehyde ω-chain synthon 17. The use of the same prostaglandin phenylsulfone 16, as a starting material in parallel syntheses of all commercially available antiglaucoma PGF2α analogs 2–5, significantly reduces manufacturing costs resulting from its synthesis on an industrial scale and development of technological documentation. Another key aspect of the route developed is deoxydifluorination of a trans-13,14-en-15-one 30 with Deoxo-Fluor. Subsequent hydrolysis of protecting groups and final esterification of acid 6 yielded tafluprost (5). The main advantages are the preparation of high purity tafluprost (5) and the application of comparatively cheap reagents. The preparation and identification of two other tafluprost acid derivatives, tafluprost methyl ester (32) and tafluprost ethyl amide (33), are also described.
The Transcription Profile Unveils the Cardioprotective Effect of Aspalathin against Lipid Toxicity in an In Vitro H9c2 Model
Authors: Johnson Rabia , Dludla Phiwayinkosi , Muller Christo , Huisamen Barbara , Essop M. , Louw Johan
Published: January 2017

Aspalathin, a C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone, has previously been shown to protect cardiomyocytes against hyperglycemia-induced shifts in substrate preference and subsequent apoptosis. However, the precise gene regulatory network remains to be elucidated. To unravel the mechanism and provide insight into this supposition, the direct effect of aspalathin in an isolated cell-based system, without the influence of any variables, was tested using an H9c2 cardiomyocyte model. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to high glucose (33 mM) for 48 h before post-treatment with or without aspalathin. Thereafter, RNA was extracted and RT2 PCR Profiler Arrays were used to profile the expression of 336 genes. Results showed that, 57 genes were differentially regulated in the high glucose or high glucose and aspalathin treated groups. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) analysis revealed lipid metabolism and molecular transport as the biological processes altered after high glucose treatment, followed by inflammation and apoptosis. Aspalathin was able to modulate key regulators associated with lipid metabolism (Adipoq, Apob, CD36, Cpt1, Pparγ, Srebf1/2, Scd1 and Vldlr), insulin resistance (Igf1, Akt1, Pde3 and Map2k1), inflammation (Il3, Il6, Jak2, Lepr, Socs3, and Tnf13) and apoptosis (Bcl2 and Chuk). Collectively, our results suggest that aspalathin could reverse metabolic abnormalities by activating Adipoq while modulating the expression of Pparγ and Srebf1/2, decreasing inflammation via Il6/Jak2 pathway, which together with an observed increased expression of Bcl2 prevents myocardium apoptosis.
Formation of Platinum Catalyst on Carbon Black Using an In‐Liquid Plasma Method for Fuel Cells
Authors: Show Yoshiyuki , Ueno Yutaro
Published: January 2017

Platinum (Pt) catalyst was formed on the surface of carbon black using an in‐liquid plasma method. The formed Pt catalyst showed the average particle size of 4.1 nm. This Pt catalyst was applied to a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The PEMFC showed an open voltage of 0.85 V and a maximum output power density of 216 mW/cm2.
Consumption of Red Meat, but Not Cooking Oils High in Polyunsaturated Fat, Is Associated with Higher Arachidonic Acid Status in Singapore Chinese Adults
Authors: Seah Jowy , Gay Gibson , Su Jin , Tai E-Shyong , Yuan Jian-Min , Koh Woon-Puay , Ong Choon , Van Dam Rob
Published: January 2017

High arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4 n − 6) status may have adverse effects on inflammation and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Concerns about high intake of n − 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are based on the premise that endogenous conversion from linoleic acid (LA; 18:2 n − 6) is an important source of AA, but few population-based studies have investigated dietary determinants of AA status. In this study, we examined habitual food consumption in relation to plasma concentrations of AA and other PUFAs in population-based studies. We used cross-sectional data from 269 healthy, ethnic Chinese participants (25–80 years old) with contrasting intakes of fish and red meat from the Singapore Prospective Study Program and 769 healthy participants (44–74 years old) from the Singapore Chinese Health Study as a validation set. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine PUFA intake (% energy) and food sources of PUFA (fish, red meat, poultry, soy and cooking oils) in relation to plasma PUFAs (AA, LA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3 n − 6), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 n − 3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n − 3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n − 3)) concentrations. Higher intake of red meat was associated with higher plasma AA concentrations. High intake of PUFA or PUFA-rich oils was associated with higher plasma ALA but not with plasma AA. Higher intakes of soy were associated with higher ALA and fish with higher DHA and EPA concentrations. These associations were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in both studies. Red meat consumption, but not PUFA or PUFA-rich cooking oil, was associated with circulating AA suggesting that intake of pre-formed AA rather than LA is an important determinant of AA status. A diet high in fish, soy products and polyunsaturated cooking oil, and low in red meat may be associated with an optimal plasma profile of PUFA in this Chinese population.
Phase-Insensitive Scattering of Terahertz Radiation
Authors: Petev Mihail , NiclasWesterberg  , Rubino Eleonora , Moss Daniel , Couairon Arnaud , Légaré François , Morandotti Roberto , Faccio Daniele , Clerici Matteo
Published: January 2017

The nonlinear interaction between Near-Infrared (NIR) and Terahertz pulses is principally investigated as a means for the detection of radiation in the hardly accessible THz spectral region. Most studies have targeted second-order nonlinear processes, given their higher efficiencies, and only a limited number have addressed third-order nonlinear interactions, mainly investigating four-wave mixing in air for broadband THz detection. We have studied the nonlinear interaction between THz and NIR pulses in solid-state media (specifically diamond), and we show how the former can be frequency-shifted up to UV frequencies by the scattering from the nonlinear polarisation induced by the latter. Such UV emission differs from the well-known electric field-induced second harmonic (EFISH) one, as it is generated via a phase-insensitive scattering, rather than a sum- or difference-frequency four-wave-mixing process.
A Paper-Based Electrochromic Array for Visualized Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Zhang Fengling , Cai Tianyi , Ma Liang , Zhan Liyuan , Liu Hong
Published: January 2017

We report a battery-powered, paper-based electrochromic array for visualized electrochemical sensing. The paper-based sensing system consists of six parallel electrochemical cells, which are powered by an aluminum-air battery. Each single electrochemical cell uses a Prussian Blue spot electrodeposited on an indium-doped tin oxide thin film as the electrochromic indicator. Each electrochemical cell is preloaded with increasing amounts of analyte. The sample activates the battery for the sensing. Both the preloaded analyte and the analyte in the sample initiate the color change of Prussian Blue to Prussian White. With a reaction time of 60 s, the number of electrochemical cells with complete color changes is correlated to the concentration of analyte in the sample. As a proof-of-concept analyte, lactic acid was detected semi-quantitatively using the naked eye.
Juggling confidentiality and safety: a qualitative study of how general practice clinicians document domestic violence in families with children
Authors: Drinkwater Jessica , Stanley Nicky , Szilassy Eszter , Larkins Cath , Hester Marianne , Feder Gene
Published: January 2017

Background

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and child safeguarding are interlinked problems, impacting on all family members. Documenting in electronic patient records (EPRs) is an important part of managing these families. Current evidence and guidance, however, treats DVA and child safeguarding separately. This does not reflect the complexity clinicians face when documenting both issues in one family.

Aim

To explore how and why general practice clinicians document DVA in families with children.

Design and setting

A qualitative interview study using vignettes with GPs and practice nurses (PNs) in England.

Method

Semi-structured telephone interviews with 54 clinicians (42 GPs and 12 PNs) were conducted across six sites in England. Data were analysed thematically using a coding frame incorporating concepts from the literature and emerging themes.

Results

Most clinicians recognised DVA and its impact on child safeguarding, but struggled to work out the best way to document it. They described tensions among the different roles of the EPR: a legal document; providing continuity of care; information sharing to improve safety; and a patient-owned record. This led to strategies to hide information, so that it was only available to other clinicians.

Conclusion

Managing DVA in families with children is complex and challenging for general practice clinicians. National integrated guidance is urgently needed regarding how clinicians should manage the competing roles of the EPR, while maintaining safety of the whole family, especially in the context of online EPRs and patient access.
Introduction pratique à la systématique des organismes des eaux continentales françaises. 1 Turbellariés Triclades Paludicoles (planaires d'eau douce)
Authors: Pattée Eric , Gourbault Nicole
Published: January 2017

This key to the surface and the most common underground freshwater Triclads of France has been written for non-specialists. It is based on the external aspect of the body and on squash preparations of the penis and adenodactyls. It makes possible the identification of live specimens only. Sampling, rearing and conservation of Triclads, so as the caryology, the reproduction, the distribution and the ecology of the different species are also described.
Une page d'histoire des sciences contemporaines : un siècle d'observations sur la méduse d'eau douce, Craspedacusta sowerbii Lank
Authors: Parent G.H
Published: January 2017

A l'occasion de la première observation en Lorraine française de Craspeda-custa sowerbii Lank. (Feuga & Kieffer 1981), précisément un siècle après qu'elle fut découverte pour la première fois, il nous a paru opportun non seulement de situer cette découverte dans son contexte écologique et chorologique européen (Parent 1981), mais également de dresser le bilan des connaissances acquises sur cette espèce en un siècle, en soulignant les problèmes biologiques fondamentaux qui furent soulevés et les incertitudes qui subsistent. Tel est l'objet de cette note.
Recherche sur la faune endogée. Deux nouvelles espèces de Mayetia de France (Coléoptères Pselaphidae)
Authors: Thélot Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2017

L'auteur décrit deux nouvelles espèces de Mayetia Muls. et Rey, de France : la Mayetia (s. str.) ruficollensis n. sp., découverte dans le Var, et la Mayetia (s. str.) caediferre a n. sp., des Pyrénées-Orientales. En conclusion il souligne l'importance de la chétotaxie édéagienne.
Statut de deux espèces de Scolia décrites par D. Cirillo en 1787 : S. neglecta et S. unifasciata (Hymenoptera Scoliidae)
Authors: Hamon Jacques
Published: January 2017

Cirillo's species were established on the basis of a very concise latin text and two colour pictures. That devoted to S. neglecta represents a black bee ; this name was validated by Betrem ; actually S. neglecta Cirillo (sensu Betrem) is a junior synonym of S. carbonaria (L.). The picture devoted to S. unifasciata represents a male scoliid ; this name is currently used for both a colour variety, and a valid subspecies, of S. hirta ; a neotype is designated to eliminate this confusion and stabilize the nomenclature.
Phenotypical and Functional Characteristics of in Vitro-Expanded Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Patients with Systematic Sclerosis
Authors: Capelli Chiara , Zaccara Eleonora , Cipriani Paola , Di Benedetto Paola , Maglione Wanda , Andracco Romina , Di Luca Gabriele , Pignataro Francesca , Giacomelli Roberto , Introna Martino , Vitali Claudio , Del Papa Nicoletta
Published: January 2017

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have received attention as an ideal source of regenerative cells because of their multipotent differentiation potential. Adipose tissue is an attractive source of MSCs. Recent studies have shown that autologous fat grafting may be effective in the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc), but no specific study exists that aimed at investigating whether adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) from SSc patients maintain normal phenotypic and functional characteristics. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether ADSCs from patients with SSc (SSc-ADSCs) are phenotypically and functionally identical to those from healthy controls (HC-ADSCs). Adipose tissue samples were obtained from 10 patients with SSc and from 8 HCs. Both MSC populations were evaluated for their capacity to (a) express specific MSC surface antigens by flow cytometry analysis, (b) proliferate, (c) differentiate along the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages, (d) suppress in vitro lymphocyte proliferation induced by a mitogenic stimulus, and (e) support endothelial cell (EC) tube formation. ADSCs from SSc patients and HCs showed similar surface phenotype and multilineage differentiation capabilities. In PBMC proliferation inhibition assays, no significant differences were observed between SSc- and HC-ADSCs. Using ADSC/EC cocultures, both SSc- and HC-ADSCs improved tube formation by both HC- and SSc-ECs. This effect was enhanced under hypoxic conditions in all of the cocultures. SSc-ADSCs exhibited the same phenotypic pattern, proliferation and differentiation potentials, and immunosuppressive properties as those from HCs. The proangiogenic activity shown by SSc-ADSCs, namely, under hypoxic conditions, suggests that autologous ADSC grafting may represent a possible therapeutic option for SSc.
Effects of Different Cell-Detaching Methods on the Viability and Cell Surface Antigen Expression of Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Tsuji Kunikazu , Ojima Miyoko , Otabe Koji , Horie Masafumi , Koga Hideyuki , Sekiya Ichiro , Muneta Takeshi
Published: January 2017

Flow cytometric analysis of cell surface antigens is a powerful tool for the isolation and characterization of stem cells residing in adult tissues. In contrast to the collection of hematopoietic stem cells, the process of enzymatic digestion is usually necessary to prepare mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) suspensions, which can influence the expression of cell surface markers. In this study, we examined the effects of various cell-detaching reagents and digestion times on the expression of stem cell-related surface antigens and MSC functions. Human MSCs were detached from dishes using four different reagents: trypsin, TrypLE, collagenase, and a non enzymatic cell dissociation reagent (C5789; Sigma-Aldrich). Following dissociation reagent incubations ranging from 5 to 120 min, cell surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Trypsin and TrypLE quickly dissociated the cells within 5 min, while collagenase and C5789 required 60 min to obtain maximum cell yields. C5789 significantly decreased cell viability at 120 min. Trypsin treatment significantly reduced CD44+, CD55+, CD73+, CD105+, CD140a+, CD140b+, and CD201+cell numbers within 30 min. Collagenase treatment reduced CD140a expression by 30 min. In contrast, TrypLE treatment did not affect the expression of any cell surface antigens tested by 30 min. Despite the significant loss of surface antigen expression after 60 min of treatment with trypsin, adverse effects of enzymatic digestion on multipotency of MSCs were limited. Overall, our data indicated that TrypLE is advantageous over other cell dissociation reagents tested for the rapid preparation of viable MSC suspensions.
Functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents
Authors: Dalod Antoine R M , Henriksen Lars , Grande Tor , Einarsrud Mari-Ann
Published: January 2017

A simple, robust and versatile hydrothermal synthesis route to in situ functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles was developed using titanium(IV) isopropoxide as Ti-precursor and selected silane coupling agents (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyldimethoxymethylsilane (AEAPS), and n-decyltriethoxysilane (DTES)). Spherical nanoparticles (ca. 9 nm) with narrow size distribution were obtained by using DTES or by synthesis performed without silane coupling agents. Rod-like nanoparticles along with 9 nm spherical nanoparticles were formed using aminosilane coupling agents because of a combination of oriented attachment of nanoparticles and specific adsorption of the aminosilane on crystallographic faces of anatase nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were functionalized in situ and became hydrophobic as silanes reacted to form covalent bonds on the surface of TiO2. The versatility of the aqueous synthesis route was demonstrated, and by selecting the type of silane coupling agent the surface properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles could be tailored. This synthesis route has been further developed into a two-step synthesis to TiO2–SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles. Combustion of the silane coupling agents up to 700 °C leads to the formation of a nanometric amorphous SiO2 layer, preventing growth and phase transition of the in situ functionalized nanoparticles.
KIC 11401845: An Eclipsing Binary with Multiperiodic Pulsations and Light-travel Time
Authors: Lee Jae Woo , Hong Kyeongsoo , Kim Seung-Lee , Koo Jae-Rim
Published: January 2017

We report the

photometry of KIC 11401845 displaying multiperiodic pulsations, superimposed on binary effects. Light-curve synthesis shows that the binary star is a short-period detached system with a very low mass ratio of q = 0.070 and filling factors of F
1 = 45% and F
2 = 99%. Multiple-frequency analyses were applied to the light residuals after subtracting the synthetic eclipsing curve from the observed data. We detected 23 frequencies with signal-to-noise ratios larger than 4.0, of which the orbital harmonics (f
4, f
6, f
9, f
15) in the low-frequency domain may originate from tidally excited modes. For the high frequencies of 13.7–23.8 day−1, the period ratios and pulsation constants are in the ranges of

and Q = 0.018–0.031 days, respectively. These values and the position on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram demonstrate that the primary component is a δ Sct pulsating star. We examined the eclipse timing variation of KIC 11401845 from the pulsation-subtracted data and found a delay of 56 ± 17 s in the arrival times of the secondary eclipses relative to the primary eclipses. A possible explanation of the time shift may be some combination of a light-travel-time delay of about 34 s and a very small eccentricity of

. This result represents the first measurement of the Rømer delay in noncompact binaries.