bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labeling Regulations, Detection Methods, and Assay Validation
Authors: -Amigo Carmen Diaz , Popping Bert
Published: April 2012

Gluten is a commonly used cereal derivative found in bakery products, among other items. In some susceptible individuals, however, it triggers immune responses of different kinds; there is, to a lesser extent, the wheat allergy that is immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated and leads to histamine release and typical allergic symptoms. In this case, other water-soluble proteins, like albumins, are also involved. On the other hand, there is, more frequently, celiac disease (CD), where the gluten causes immune reactions in the intestines of certain individuals, leading to degeneration of villi, which typically leads to malabsorption of nutrients and, consequently, malnutrition. The only currently effective health strategy for affected consumers is avoidance of gluten-containing products, based on clear labeling rules. However, despite unanimously accepted Codex definitions by all member jurisdictions, the national implementation of equivalent laws shows significant differences. In the context of CD and in support of the gluten-free statement, regulatory enforcement, as well as manufacturers' quality controls are mostly based on analytical results. However, numerous methods are available, some of which have been validated better than others, and many provide different results on identical samples. Reasons include detection of different gluten components and variability in extraction efficiency due to different buffer compositions, especially from processed foods. Last but not least, the lack of reference materials is hindering the process of generating comparable data across different ELISA kits, as well as other methods. How can such data still be used to support a gluten-free claim? New methodologies, in particular mass spectrometric analysis of gluten derived peptides, are being introduced in numerous laboratories. This methodology is not only capable of detecting gluten derived peptides but can also differentiate between and quantitate wheat, barley, rye, and oat. This paper presents analytical limitations, as well as promising new approaches in support of industry and enforcement activities to ensure compliance with the gluten-free claim under the current regulatory framework.
Mathematical Lens: Mathematics and the Art of Sol LeWitt
Authors: McKeny Timothy , Caniglia Joanne
Published: April 2012

Students analyze a photograph to solve mathematical questions related to the images captured in the photograph. This month, the art of sculptor and painter Sol LeWitt is analyzed. Counting, combinatorics, and spatial visualization are among the mathematical themes evinced.
Misidentifying Factors Underlying Singapore's High Test Scores
Authors: Usiskin Zalman
Published: April 2012

A strong curriculum is not the sole reason for Singaporean students' success on international assessments.
Challenges and Opportunities for the community of Food Sciences to contribute Towards a Society of Healthier Consumers and a Better World
Authors: Lazarides Harris
Published: April 2012

Despite the tremendous scientific and technological achievements in the production of food, human well-being has not been served to a satisfactory extent. Millions of people are literally killing themselves by excessive eating or wrong use of food, leading to obesity and nutrition-related diseases. At the same time millions of people continue to suffer from lack of food, leading to starvation, malnutrition and death, often before reaching adult age. Parallel to striving for better-safer-healthier food, the community of Food Sciences is faced with the challenge to help educate the average consumer on how to select, handle, store and use food for safe and healthy eating. The need to reshape and reform public education to better serve this task is obvious. What is also obvious is the need for medical professionals to recognize healthy eating (and exercise) as the most valuable tool in preventive medical care. This perspective will concentrate on challenges and opportunities for Food Scientists/Engineers: to contribute towards a society of well-informed, self-protected, active and considerate citizens; to support public (food-related) education and actively participate in the fight against obesity and nutrition-related diseases; to intervene in decision making bodies and underline the importance of education on nutrition and food; to invent avenues and possibilities to contribute to the fight against world hunger; and all in all, to contribute towards a healthier world, a world that will not be split between hunger and obesity.
Duplex DNA/Graphene Oxide Biointerface: From Fundamental Understanding to Specific Enzymatic Effects
Authors: Tang Longhua , Chang Haixin , Liu Yang , Li Jinghong
Published: April 2012

The exploration and fabrication of nano‐biointerfaces have fundamental significance and practical importance in many fields including chemistry, biology, and materials science. Recently, the integration of DNA with graphene has been substantially advanced. It is well known that single‐stranded (ss) DNA can interact with graphene (or graphene oxide) via π–π stacking. However, for the case of DNA duplex/graphene, the studies are still not conclusive. Most work does not address the question of whether or how dsDNA is attracted to graphene oxide (GO). Here the interaction of DNA/GO is systematically investigated and its nanobiological effects, molecular recognition, and biosensing are explored. It is demonstrated that GO can adsorb DNA duplexes, which is possibly facilitated by partial deformation of the double helix on GO. Additionally dsDNA on GO shows specific effects on enzymatic degradation, which could be effectively cleaved by DNA enzyme I and restriction endonucleases as EcoR I, whereas it is highly resistant to degradation by Exo III. An improved understanding of the behavior of these GO/DNA entities will facilitate the development of applications in biomedicine, biosensing, and bionanotechnology.
Electrochemically Triggered Selective Adsorption of Biotemplated Nanoparticles on Self‐Assembled Organometallic Diblock Copolymer Thin Films
Authors: Eloi Jean‐Charles , Jones Sarah E. Ward , Poór Veronika , Okuda Mitsuhiro , Gwyther Jessica , Schwarzacher Walther
Published: April 2012

The controlled adsorption of the iron‐containing cage protein ferritin at the nanoscale using stimuli‐responsive self‐assembled diblock copolymer thin‐film templates is reported. The diblock copolymer used study consists of a cylinder‐forming polystyrene‐block‐polyferrocenylsilane (PS‐b‐PFS), with PFS as the minor block, and shows reversible redox properties. To prevent any spontaneous protein adsorption on either block, the electrolyte pH is selected to leave the ferritin negatively charged, and the protein concentration and solution ionic strength are carefully tuned. Selective adsorption of ferritin on the PFS domains of the self‐assembled thin films is then triggered in situ by applying a positive potential, simultaneously oxidizing the PFS and attracting the ferritin electrostatically.
Effect of the Strain Rate and Drawing Temperature on the Mechanical Behavior of EVOH and EVOH Composites
Authors: Franco‐Urquiza Edgar Adrián , Gámez‐pérez José , Velázquez‐Infante Julio César , Santana Orlando , Benasat Antonio Martínez , Maspoch Maria Lluisa
Published: April 2012

The effect of the strain rate and draw temperature on the mechanical behavior of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and EVOH composites was analyzed. When EVOH is stretched at moderate strain rates, evidence of strain‐induced crystallization and recrystallization was observed. Higher strain rates produced less structural variation because the homogeneous flow of the chains and the crystalline perfection are restricted due to the rapid drawing. In reference to the drawing temperature, EVOH showed a diffusive yielding, and the mechanical parameters were reduced due to the softening of the crystalline region. For EVOH composites, the filler hinders the molecular mobility, causing an increase in the strength and restricting the plastic flow. However, the higher temperature, higher molecular mobility, and ductility are not so affected by the filler content. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E287–E296, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21274
Quality of life in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in Norway: A population based study
Authors: Geirdal Amy Østertun , Dheyauldeen Sinan , Bachmann‐Harildstad Gregor , Heimdal Ketil
Published: April 2012

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of recurrent epistaxis and small characteristic malformations of the peripheral blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucosal linings. Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the lung, liver, and CNS are also known clinical findings. The purpose of this study was to examine quality of life (QoL) in patients with HHT in Norway. Sixty‐six affected patients (39 women and 27 men) were included. QoL on overall‐, health‐related (HR‐QoL), and disease‐specific levels were measured with Cantril's Ladder (CL), Short Form 36 (SF‐36), and a Symptom‐specific QoL question in HHT patients (SFB‐HHT‐Q), respectively. Comparisons were made between patients and an age and gender adjusted normative sample from the Norwegian population (N = 990). Overall, the results reflected that several HHT disease‐related variables were associated with reduced QoL on all three levels; overall QoL (CL), HR‐QoL (SF36) as well as disease‐specific QoL (SFB‐HHT‐Q), while demographic variables impacted HR‐QoL in HHT patients. Compared to the normative sample, all subscales of SF36, but bodily pain, were significantly poorer in the HHT patients. HHT disease variables had the strongest association with QoL compared to demographic variables. The results substantiate that disease severity is associated with poorer QoL in this patients. Pain contributed independently to all levels of QoL. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zinc‐Diluted Magnetic Metal Formate Perovskites: Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetism of [CH3NH3][MnxZn1−x(HCOO)3] (x=0–1)
Authors: Shang Ran , Sun Xuan , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song
Published: April 2012

The preparation, structures, and magnetic properties of a series of metal formate perovskites [CH3NH3][MnxZn1−x(HCOO)3] were investigated. The isostructural solid solution can be prepared in the complete range of x=0–1. The metal–organic perovskite structures consist of an anionic NaCl type [MnxZn1−x(HCOO)3−] framework with CH3NH3+ templates located in the nearly cubic cavities and forming hydrogen bonds to the framework. When the proportion of Mn increased (i.e., x changed from 0 to 1), the lattice dimensions and metal–oxygen and metal–metal distances show a slight, nonlinear increase because of the increased averaged metal ionic radius and the local structure distortion. Through the series, the magnetism changes from the long‐range ordering of spin‐canted antiferromagnetism for x≥0.40 to paramagnetism when x≤0.30, and the percolation limit was estimated to be xP=0.31(2) for this simple cubic lattice. In the low‐temperature region, enhancement of magnetization and the gradual decrease and final disappearance of coercive field, remnant magnetization, and spin‐flop field upon dilution were observed through this isotropic Heisenberg magnetic series. IR spectroscopic and thermal properties were also investigated.
Geographic information system‐system dynamics procedure for bus rapid transit ridership estimation
Authors: Galicia Luis David , Cheu Ruey Long
Published: April 2012

This paper presents a two‐step procedure for estimating the total daily ridership (TDR) of a new bus rapid transit (BRT) route that runs along a corridor without a competing regular bus service. The first step of the procedure uses the Geographic Information System‐Business Analyst desktop to analyze and extract the total population, employed population, housing units within ¼ mile and ¼ to ½ mile from the BRT stations in the base year, and their respective annual growth rates. These values are then used as inputs into the second step. The second step of the procedure uses a simulation model constructed by the system dynamics approach. This simulation model, which embeds the known relationships between the demographic variables and proposed BRT system's infrastructure and operational features, initially estimates the TDR of the base year. Simulation is then performed to estimate the TDR from the base year until a future year defined by the user. The two‐step procedure has been validated with actual demographic and ridership data from the Las Vegas MAX BRT line and the Los Angeles Orange Line, respectively. The procedure has also been applied to the proposed BRT route along Mesa St. in El Paso, Texas, as a case study. The two‐step procedure offers a new and relatively simple approach that complements the three known BRT ridership estimation methods currently acceptable by the U.S. Federal Transit Administration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of γ‐tocotrienol and α‐tocopherol: in vitro, in situ and in vivo studies
Authors: Abuasal Bilal S. , Qosa Hisham , Sylvester Paul W. , Kaddoumi Amal
Published: April 2012

The aim of this work was to compare the intestinal absorption kinetics and the bioavailability of γ‐tocotrienol (γ‐T3) and α‐tocopherol (α‐Tph) administered separately as oil solutions to rats in vivo. Also, to explain the significant difference in the oral bioavailability of the compounds: (1) the release profiles using the dynamic in vitro lipolysis model, (2) the intestinal permeability and (3) carrier‐mediated uptake by Niemann‐Pick C1‐like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter were examined. Absolute bioavailability studies were conducted after oral administration of γ‐T3 or α‐Tph prepared in corn oil to rats. In situ rat intestinal perfusion with ezetimibe (a NPC1L1 inhibitor) was performed to compare intestinal permeability. The in vitro interaction kinetics with NPC1L1 was examined in NPC1L1 transfected cells. While the in vitro release studies demonstrated a significantly higher release rate of γ‐T3 in the aqueous phase, the oral bioavailability of α‐Tph (36%) was significantly higher than γ‐T3 (9%). Consequent in situ studies revealed significantly higher intestinal permeability for α‐Tph compared with γ‐T3 in rats. Moreover, the NPC1L1 kinetic studies demonstrated higher Vmax and Km values for α‐Tph compared with γ‐T3. Collectively, these results indicate that intestinal permeability is the main contributing factor for the higher bioavailability of α‐Tph. Also, these results emphasize the potentially important role of intestinal permeability in the bioavailability of γ‐T3, suggesting that enhancing its permeability would increase its oral bioavailability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multigeneration Reproductive Study of Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate (HPC) in the Rat: Laboratory Results and Clinical Significance
Authors: Schardein James L. , Birch Robert , Hesley Robb , Thorsrud Bjorn A.
Published: April 2012

To demonstrate reproductive safety of a new commercial product for reducing the risk of preterm birth, HPC (17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate, Makena; manufactured by Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions, Bloomington IN for Ther‐Rx Corporation, St. Louis, MO) was administered intramuscularly in Charles River LaboratoryCD strain rats. HPC was given at intervals equal to the half‐life measured in rats during three phases of embryo‐fetal development: during the period of ovarian development (RP1, days 8, 14, and 20), following implantation of the embryo (TP, days 6, 12, and 18), and, corresponding to the start of the drug in week 16 or later in humans, after gonadal formation including differentiation of the testes (RP2, day 17). Dose levels up to 30× the human therapeutic doses were utilized including 0 (vehicle), 5, 25, and 150 mg/kg (volume 0.6 ml/kg). Four groups of 25 time‐mated rats each were used for each phase. In addition, equal numbers of naïve (untreated) rats of opposite gender were used for F1 breeding studies. HPC did not produce any consistent test‐article–related findings in the treated F0 dams, their developing F1 fetuses and did not affect the ability of the latter to produce a viable F2 generation. The F1 offspring did not evidence any adverse effects during their behavioral, sensory, and developmental assessments, including teratogenicity. Based on the cumulative data obtained from rats treated over two generations and during development in this study, the No‐observable‐effect‐level (NOEL) was established as 150 mg/kg. This study supports the absence of reproductive toxicity with HPC in published studies in animal models and in human clinical trials.
Antidepressants Cause Bradycardia and Heart Block in GD 13 Rat Embryos In Vitro
Authors: Ababneh Deena , Ritchie Helen , Webster William S.
Published: April 2012

This study investigated the effects of a range of antidepressant drugs on the heart of gestation day 13 rat embryos in vitro. The general hypothesis was that the drugs would adversely affect the function of the embryonic heart since they all have some cardiac ion channel blocking activity in addition to their main pharmacological effect on neurotransmitters. The results showed that all the tested drugs caused bradycardia in a generally concentration‐dependent manner. At higher concentrations most of the drugs caused some degree of heart block consistent with sodium channel blockade and some drugs also showed negative inotropy associated with blockade of the L‐type calcium channel. One drug, trazodone, caused arrhythmia consistent with blockade of the hERG (human ether‐a‐go‐go related gene) potassium channel. In general the effects on the embryonic rat heart were only seen at “free drug” concentrations much greater than those likely to occur in pregnant women taking antidepressant medication. The least margin of safety was seen with the tricyclic antidepressants and the serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor trazodone.
Short‐term information processing, long‐term responses: Insights by mathematical modeling of signal transduction
Authors: Schneider Annette , Klingmüller Ursula , Schilling Marcel
Published: April 2012

How do cells interpret information from their environment and translate it into specific cell fate decisions? We propose that cell fate is already encoded in early signaling events and thus can be predicted from defined signal properties. Specifically, we hypothesize that the time integral of activated key signaling molecules can be correlated to cellular behavior such as proliferation or differentiation. The identification of these decisive key signal mediators and their connection to cell fate is facilitated by mathematical modeling. A possible mechanistic linkage between signaling dynamics and cellular function is the directed control of gene regulatory networks by defined signals. Targeted experiments in combination with mathematical modeling can increase our understanding of how cells process information and realize distinct cell fates.
Different mechanisms of action of poly(ethylene glycol) and arginine on thermal inactivation of lysozyme and ribonuclease A
Authors: Tomita Shunsuke , Nagasaki Yukio , Shiraki Kentaro
Published: April 2012

Proteins tend to undergo irreversible inactivation through several chemical modifications, which is a serious problem in various fields. We have recently found that arginine (Arg) suppresses heat‐induced deamidation and β‐elimination, resulting in the suppression of thermal inactivation of hen egg white lysozyme and bovine pancreas ribonuclease A. Here, we report that poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with molecular weight 1,000 acts as a thermoinactivation suppressor for both proteins, especially at higher protein concentrations, while Arg was not effective at higher protein concentrations. This difference suggests that PEG, but not Arg, effectively inhibited intermolecular disulfide exchange among thermally denatured proteins. Investigation of the effects of various polymers including PEG with different molecular weight, poly(vinylpyrolidone) (PVP), and poly(vinyl alchol) on thermoinactivation of proteins, circular dichroism, solution viscosity, and the solubility of reduced and S‐carboxy‐methylated lysozyme indicated that amphiphilic PEG and PVP inhibit intermolecular collision of thermally denatured proteins by preferential interaction with thermally denatured proteins, resulting in the inhibition of intermolecular disulfide exchange. These findings regarding the different mechanisms of the effects of amphiphilic polymers––PEG and PVP––and Arg would expand the capabilities of methods to improve the chemical stability of proteins in solution. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2543–2552. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insecticide imidacloprid induces morphological and DNA damage through oxidative toxicity on the reproductive organs of developing male rats
Authors: Bal Ramazan , Naziroğlu Mustafa , Türk Gaffari , Yilmaz Ökkes , Kuloğlu Tuncay , Etem Ebru , Baydas Giyasettin
Published: April 2012

We investigated whether treatment with imidacloprid would induce morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, antioxidant imbalance and apoptosis in the reproductive system of developing male rats. Twenty‐four male rats were included in this 90‐day study, starting at 7 days of age. The rats were divided into four groups. The first group was used as control. The second, third and fourth groups received oral 0.5‐, 2‐ and 8‐mg/kg imidacloprid, respectively. Serum, sperm and testis samples were collected from all groups at the end of the experimental period. The weights of the epididymis, vesicula seminalis, epididymal sperm concentration, body weight gain, testosterone and reduced glutathione values were lower in the imidacloprid‐treated groups than that in the controls. All treated groups had increased lipid peroxidation, fatty acid concentrations and higher rates of abnormal sperm. Apoptosis and fragmentation of seminal DNA were higher in rats treated at the two higher doses of imidacloprid. These results show that this compound has a negative effect on sperm and testis of rats. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Time in Chemical Cleaning of Ultrafiltration Membranes
Authors: Levitsky I. , Naim R. , Duek A. , Gitis V.
Published: April 2012

Chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes is often considered successful when the flux through a cleaned membrane is much higher than through a pristine one. Here, a novel definition of cleaning intensity is proposed as the product of the concentration of the cleaning agent and the cleaning time (Ct), and it is shown that Ct values between 0.5 and 1.0 g h L–1 are sufficient for effective cleaning. Experiments with PES‐30 and PVDF‐30 membranes fouled by bovine serum albumin and cleaned with surfactant, oxidant, and formulated cleaning agents demonstrate that a good cleaning should last for 10–20 min and restore the flux through a virgin membrane. More intensive cleaning increases the membrane hydrophilicity and the water flux, but soon causes more severe fouling and even membrane disintegration.
Synthesis of PCP‐Supported Nickel Complexes and their Reactivity with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Schmeier Timothy J. , Nova Ainara , Hazari Nilay , Maseras Feliu
Published: April 2012

The Ni amide and hydroxide complexes [(PCP)Ni(NH2)] (2; PCP=bis‐2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphosphinomethylbenzene) and [(PCP)Ni(OH)] (3) were prepared by treatment of [(PCP)NiCl] (1) with NaNH2 or NaOH, respectively. The conditions for the formation of 3 from 1 and NaOH were harsh (2 weeks in THF at reflux) and a more facile synthetic route involved protonation of 2 with H2O, to generate 3 and ammonia. Similarly the basic amide in 2 was protonated with a variety of other weak acids to form the complexes [(PCP)Ni(2‐Me‐imidazole)] (4), [(PCP)Ni(dimethylmalonate)] (5), [(PCP)Ni(oxazole)] (6), and [(PCP)Ni(CCPh)] (7), respectively. The hydroxide compound 3, could also be used as a Ni precursor and treatment of 3 with TMSCN (TMS=trimethylsilyl) or TMSN3 generated [(PCP)Ni(CN)] (8) or [(PCP)Ni(N3)] (9), respectively. Compounds 3–7, and 9 were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Although 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 are all four‐coordinate complexes with a square‐planar geometry around Ni, 5 is a pseudo‐five‐coordinate complex, with the dimethylmalonate ligand coordinated in an X‐type fashion through one oxygen atom, and weakly as an L‐type ligand through another oxygen atom. Complexes 2–9 were all reacted with carbon dioxide. Compounds 2–4 underwent facile reaction at low temperature to form the κ1‐O carboxylate products [(PCP)Ni{OC(O)NH2}] (10), [(PCP)Ni{OC(O)OH}] (11), and [(PCP)Ni{OC(O)‐2‐Me‐imidazole}] (12), respectively. Compounds 10 and 11 were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. No reaction was observed between 5–9 and carbon dioxide, even at elevated temperatures. DFT calculations were performed to model the thermodynamics for the insertion of carbon dioxide into 2–9 to form a κ1‐O carboxylate product and understand the pathways for carbon dioxide insertion into 2, 3, 6, and 7. The computed free energies indicate that carbon dioxide insertion into 2 and 3 is thermodynamically favorable, insertion into 8 and 9 is significantly uphill, insertion into 5 and 7 is slightly uphill, and insertion into 4 and 6 is close to thermoneutral. The pathway for insertion into 2 and 3 has a low barrier and involves nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen or oxygen lone pair on electrophilic carbon dioxide. A related stepwise pathway is calculated for 7, but in this case the carbon of the alkyne is significantly less nucleophilic and as a result, the barrier for carbon dioxide insertion is high. In contrast, carbon dioxide insertion into 6 involves a single concerted step that has a high barrier.
Saccharide‐Modified Nanodiamond Conjugates for the Efficient Detection and Removal of Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Hartmann Mirja , Betz Patrick , Sun Yuchen , Gorb Stanislav N. , Lindhorst Thisbe K. , Krueger Anke
Published: April 2012

The detection and removal of bacteria, such as E. coli in aqueous environments by using safe and readily available means is of high importance. Here we report on the synthesis of nanodiamonds (ND) covalently modified with specific carbohydrates (glyco–ND) for the precipitation of type 1 fimbriated uropathogenic E. coli in solution by mechanically stable agglutination. The surface of the diamond nanoparticles was modified by using a Diels–Alder reaction followed by the covalent grafting of the respective glycosides. The resulting glyco–ND samples are fully dispersible in aqueous media and show a surface loading of typically 0.1 mmol g−1. To probe the adhesive properties of various ND samples we have developed a new sandwich assay employing layers of two bacterial strains in an array format. Agglutination experiments in solution were used to distinguish unspecific interactions of glyco–ND with bacteria from specific ones. Two types of precipitates in solution were observed and characterized in detail by light and electron microscopy. Only by specific interactions mechanically stable agglutinates were formed. Bacteria could be removed from water by filtration of these stable agglutinates through 10 μm pore‐size filters and the ND conjugate could eventually be recovered by addition of the appropriate carbohydrate. The application of glycosylated ND allows versatile and facile detection of bacteria and their efficient removal by using an environmentally and biomedically benign material.
ChemInform Abstract: Noncentrosymmetric Inorganic Open‐Framework Chalcohalides with Strong Middle IR SHG and Red Emission: Ba3AGa5Se10Cl2 (A: Cs, Rb, K).
Authors: Yu Peng , Zhou Liu‐Jiang , Chen Ling
Published: April 2012

The title compounds are synthesized by solid state reactions of Ba, Ga, Se, MCl (M: Cs, Rb, K), and BaCl2 in the ratio 5:10:20:2:1 (850 °C, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Requirements in Lithium Cobalt Oxides for the Catalytic Oxidation of Water.
Authors: Gardner Graeme P. , Go Yong Bok , Robinson David M. , Smith Paul F. , Hadermann Joke , Abakumov Artem , Greenblatt Martha , Dismukes G. Charles
Published: April 2012

Two polymorphs of nanocrystalline lithium cobalt oxides, cubic spinel Li2Co2O4 and rhombohedral layered LiCoO2 are examined for their application in the photocatalytic oxidation of water.
ChemInform Abstract: One Unprecedented 1‐D Europium Thioindate‐thioantimonate Based on Heterometallic Mixed Nitro‐Thioclusters with Photoluminescent Properties.
Authors: Zhou Jian , An Litao , Liu Xing , Zou Huahong , Hu Feilong , Liu Chaomin
Published: April 2012

{[Eu(tepa)]2 [μ2‐SbS3](μ2‐H2O)} [Eu(tepa)In4S9]·0.25tepa (tepa: tetraethylenepentamine) is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of In, S, Sb, Eu2O3, and tepa (autoclave, 170 °C, 8 d, 65% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: ThSi2 Type Ytterbium Disilicide and Its Analogues YbTxSi2‐x (T: Cr, Fe, Co).
Authors: Peter Sebastian C. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: April 2012

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared from the elements in liquid indium (alumina crucible, 1000 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Polygallides: Yb3Ga7Ge3 and YbGa4Ge2.
Authors: Peter Sebastian C. , Malliakas Christos D. , Nakotte Heinze , Kothapilli Karunakar , Rayaprol Sudhindra , Schultz Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: April 2012

The new title compounds are synthesized in excess liquid Ga from mixtures of Yb, Pd, Ga, and Ge in the atomic ratio 3:2:30:6 (alumina crucible in an evacuated silica tube, 1123 K, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Li2Sr4Al2Ta2N8O, a Nitridoalumotantalate with BCT‐Zeolite Type Structure.
Authors: Pust Philipp , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: April 2012

The title compound is synthesized from Li3AlN2, Sr(NH2)2, LiN3, and Li as a flux (wall reaction with the Ta crucible, 900 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Doped Semimetal Clusters: Ternary, Intermetalloid Anions [Ln@Sn7Bi7]4‐ and [Ln@Sn4Bi9]4‐ (Ln: La, Ce) with Adjustable Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Lips Felicitas , Holynska Malgorzata , Clerac Rodolphe , Linne Uwe , Schellenberg Inga , Poettgen Rainer , Weigend Florian , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: April 2012

Compounds (III) are characterized by single crystal XRD, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Moessbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and quantum chemical DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxometalates Paneling Through {Mo2O2S2} Coordination: Cation‐Directed Conformations and Chemistry of a Supramolecular Hexameric Scaffold.
Authors: Marrot Jerome , Pilette Marie Anne , Haouas Mohamed , Floquet Sebastien , Taulelle Francis , Lopez Xavier , Poblet Josep M. , Cadot Emmanuel
Published: April 2012

Depending on the ionic strength and the nature of alkali cations, trivacant [AsW9O33]9‐ polyoxometalate ions (POM) and [Mo2O2S2]2+ cations (L) react to form hexameric [(POM)6L9]36‐, tetrameric [(POM)4L6]24‐, and dimeric [(POM)2L3]12‐ clusters.
ChemInform Abstract: Time‐Resolved Self‐Assembly of a Fullerene‐Topology Core—Shell Cluster Containing 68 Uranyl Polyhedra.
Authors: Qiu Jie , Ling Jie , Sui Audrey , Szymanowski Jennifer E. S. , Simonetti Antonio , Burns Peter C.
Published: April 2012

(K,Na)44 [(UO2)68(O2)74(OH)16 (NO3)16 (H2O)16]·nH2O is synthesized from aqueous solutions containing UO2(NO3)2, H2O2, Me4NOH, malonic acid, NaCl, and KCl (air, pH 11.2, 25 °C, 30 d; about 16% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: The Thioantimonate Anion SbS33‐ Acting as Ligand: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Selected Properties of [Mn(1,2‐chxn)2SbS3H] and [Cr(1,3‐dap)2SbS3].
Authors: Seidlhofer B. , Spetzler V. , Naether C. , Bensch W.
Published: April 2012

Compounds (IV) and (VII) are solvothermally synthesized and their structures are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A Polyoxometalate‐Based Single‐Molecule Magnet with an S = 21/2 Ground State.
Authors: Fang Xikui , Koegerler Paul , Speldrich Manfred , Schilder Helmut , Luban Marshall
Published: April 2012

Compound (III) crystallizes in the space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Prussian Blue Structures and Magnetic Ordering of Na2MnII[MnII(CN)6] and Na2MnII [MnII(CN)6]·2H2O.
Authors: Kareis Christopher M. , Lapidus Saul H. , Her Jae‐Hyuk , Stephens Peter W. , Miller Joel S.
Published: April 2012

Na2Mn[Mn(CN)6]·2H2O (I) is prepared from aqueous solutions of Mn(OAc)2 and NaCN (80% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Mono Thiomalonates as Thioester Enolate Equivalents—Enantioselective 1,4‐Addition Reactions to Nitroolefins under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Clerici Paolo , Wennemers Helma
Published: April 2012

Cinchona alkaloid derived thiourea CIN is a highly enantioselective organocatalyst for the title reaction of monothiomalonate (I) bearing an acid labile Pmb ester and an acid stable p‐methoxyphenyl thioester group.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Applications of Potential Substitutes of t‐Bu‐Phosphinooxazoline in Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transformations and Their Use for the Improvement of the Enantioselectivity in the Pd‐Catalyzed Allylation Reaction of Fluorinated Allyl Enol Carbonates.
Authors: Belanger Etienne , Pouliot Marie‐France , Courtemanche Marc‐Andre , Paquin Jean‐Francois
Published: April 2012

A number of new and readily available phosphinooxazoline derivatives is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of InCl3 with Various Reducing Agents: InCl3—NaBH4‐Mediated Reduction of Aromatic and Aliphatic Nitriles to Primary Amines.
Authors: Saavedra Jaime Z. , Resendez Angel , Rovira Alexander , Eagon Scott , Haddenham Dustin , Singaram Bakthan
Published: April 2012

Nitriles containing halide moieties undergo tandem reduction giving dehalogenated amines such as (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Catalytic Platform for Nucleophilic Substitution: Cyclopropenone‐Catalyzed Chlorodehydration of Alcohols.
Authors: Vanos Christine M. , Lambert Tristan H.
Published: April 2012

BAP is found to be the most efficient catalyst for the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Silanol as a Removable Directing Group for the PdII‐Catalyzed Direct Olefination of Arenes.
Authors: Wang Cong , Ge Haibo
Published: April 2012

The silanol group can be removed under mild conditions; a one‐pot olefination/desilylation process can be carried out, as shown for (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: AlMe3‐Promoted Formation of Amides from Acids and Amines.
Authors: Li Jianqing , Subramaniam Krishnananthan , Smith Daniel , Qiao Jennifer X. , Li Jie Jack , Qian‐Cutrone Jingfang , Kadow John F. , Vite Gregory D. , Chen Bang‐Chi
Published: April 2012

A wide range of amines can be coupled with carboxylic acids via a dimethylaluminum intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Olefination of Perfluoroarenes with Allyl Esters.
Authors: Li Zejiang , Zhang Yuexia , Liu Zhong‐Quan
Published: April 2012

The oxidative Heck‐type reaction proceeds via a β‐H elimination rather than a β‐O‐Ac elimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Ring‐Opening Reaction of Benzoxazinones —Access to o‐Amino‐2,2,2‐trifluoroacetophenones.
Authors: Allendoerfer Nadine , Es‐Sayed Mazen , Nieger Martin , Braese Stefan
Published: April 2012

Starting from commercially available anthranilic acid derivatives, a new short synthesis of the title compounds (V) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines with Carboxyl‐Tailed Benzothiazoline as Readily Removable Hydrogen Donor.
Authors: Zhu Chen , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: April 2012

BZT is developed as a novel hydrogen donor, which is stable enough to be stored for months in a refrigerator.
ChemInform Abstract: A Phosphine‐Free Pd Catalyst for the Selective Double Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides.
Authors: de la Fuente Veronica , Godard Cyril , Zangrando Ennio , Claver Carmen , Castillon Sergio
Published: April 2012

A general and practical method for the synthesis of the compounds (IV) and (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoquinoline‐Catalyzed Addition of 2‐Bromo‐1‐aryl‐1‐ethanone to Dialkyl Azodicarboxylate: Synthesis of Trialkyl 2‐[(1E)‐N‐(Alkoxycarbonyl)‐2‐aryl‐2‐oxoethanehydrazonoyl] hydrazine‐1,1,2‐tricarboxylate.
Authors: Kianmehr Ebrahim , Bakhtiary Alireza , Zhu Chengjian
Published: April 2012

The products are purified by crystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Aromatic Analogues of the Hendrickson Reagent; NMR Studies and Electrophilic Properties.
Authors: Moussa Ziad
Published: April 2012

A mild and rapid method for the synthesis of the compounds (II) is presented by using a new ′POP′ reagent, which is prepared in situ from 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene and Tf2O.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Guanidinylation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides via Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Hammoud Hassan , Schmitt Martine , Bihel Frederic , Antheaume Cyril , Bourguignon Jean‐Jacques
Published: April 2012

The reaction of some o‐diiodo‐ and o‐dibromobenzenes is possible which provides a new approach to 2‐aminobenzimidazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Heck Arylation of Styrenes Promoted by an Air‐Stable Phosphinito Complex with Palladium(II); Synthesis of Resveratrol.
Authors: Morales‐Serna Jose Antonio , Zuniga‐Martinez Armando , Salmon Manuel , Gavino Ruben , Cardenas Jorge
Published: April 2012

A highly efficient catalyst in the chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective synthesis of the stilbenes (III) and resveratrol (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Enantioselective Michael Addition of Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by a Surfactant‐Type Bifunctional Thiourea Organocatalyst in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Yang , Liu Li
Published: April 2012

A new chiral surfactant‐type bifunctional thiourea catalyst is developed which efficiently promotes the asymmetric Michael reaction of nitroalkenes (II) with ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Palladium‐Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation for Poor Nucleophilicity of Aminonaphthalenes.
Authors: Shue Yi‐Jen , Yang Shyh‐Chyun
Published: April 2012

The reaction of various aminonaphthalenes and phenothiazine with allyl acetate is first investigated and then extended to 1‐aminonaphthalene and different types of allylic acetate substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring Opening of Oxabicyclic Alkenes with Organolithium Reagents.
Authors: Bos Pieter H. , Rudolph Alena , Perez Manuel , Fananas‐Mastral Martin , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: April 2012

A highly regio‐, enantio‐, and anti‐selective procedure for the synthesis of the compounds (III) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2‐Amino‐4,5‐dihydrofuran‐3‐nitriles from Benzoins or Benzaldehydes.
Authors: Du Ding , Hu Zhongyuan , Tang Weifang , Wang Bo , Lu Tao
Published: April 2012

Base‐promoted cyclocondensation between benzoins and arylidenemalononitriles constitutes a direct synthesis of highly functionalized dihydrofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(Polyfluoroaryl)benzofurans via a Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐(2,2‐Dibromovinyl)phenol with Polyfluoroarene.
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Liu Gang , Pu Shouzhi , Wu Jie
Published: April 2012

The novel and efficient process allows the preparation of various target compounds which are of interest in medicinal and material chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Large‐Scale Asymmetric Michael Addition of Isobutyraldehyde to Maleimides Promoted by a Novel Multifunctional Thiourea.
Authors: Ma Zhi‐wei , Liu Yu‐xia , Li Pan‐li , Ren Hang , Zhu Yu , Tao Jing‐chao
Published: April 2012

The new chiral thiourea TUC bearing a chiral lipophilic beyerane scaffold and a primary amino group, catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition between aliphatic aldehydes and different maleimides (I) with only 0.5 mol % loading.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Cascade Approach to 1,3′‐Bipyrrole Derivatives from Trisubstituted Olefins with Tosylmethyl‐isocyanide (TosMIC).
Authors: Qiu Fangli , Wu Jianwei , Zhang Yaohong , Hu Miao , Yu Yongping
Published: April 2012

The title process affords directly the bipyrroles (III), a skeleton present in natural products such as marinopyrrole A and B, with concomitant loss of R1‐OH and ‐CO‐R3.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Transacetalization of 2‐Formylpyrrole Acetals in Alkaline Media.
Authors: Yan Zhao Hua , Kang Run Hua , Liu Yong Jie , Lin Sen
Published: April 2012

Transacetalization of nitrogen‐unprotected 2‐formylpyrrole acetals with sodium alkoxides provides the target products in nearly quantitative yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of N‐(Arylsulfonyl) ‐4‐ethoxy‐5‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,3‐dicarboxylates by One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Anaraki‐Ardakani Hossein , Noei Maziar , Tabarzad Afrooz
Published: April 2012

The title compounds (IV) represent structural units of heterocyclic natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Ynamides to Azabicycles.
Authors: Greenaway Rebecca L. , Campbell Craig D. , Holton Oliver T. , Russell C. Adam , Anderson Edward A.
Published: April 2012

Bromoenynamides can serve as substrates for the synthesis of a diverse range of bicyclic aminodienes using a palladium cascade cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Copper‐Catalyzed Route to Pyrrolo‐Fused Heterocycles from Boronic Acids.
Authors: Beveridge Ramsay E. , Gerstenberger Brian S.
Published: April 2012

A one‐pot two‐step process is developed which can be applied to the synthesis of various pyrrolo‐fused N‐heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Component Synthesis of Indazole Through Ugi‐Azide Coupling.
Authors: El Kaim Laurent , Grimaud Laurence , Purumandla Srinivas Reddy
Published: April 2012

A convenient one‐pot procedure is developed for the target compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxazolidinones Catalyzed by Tin Alkoxides.
Authors: Kojima Ryota , Sawamoto Satoshi , Okamura Aritomo , Takahashi Hiroki , Tsunoi Shinji , Shibata Ikuya
Published: April 2012

Title compounds are synthesized by reaction of α‐hydroxy ketones with aliphatic as well as aromatic isocyanates (II) in the presence of a tin alkoxide catalyst either under conventional heating or microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Pyridine N‐Oxide with 2‐Bromoacetanilides. Synthesis of Benzisoxazolo[2,3‐a]pyridinium Tetrafluoroborates.
Authors: Myers Jeffery T. , Hanna James M. Jr.
Published: April 2012

A short synthesis of title compounds (IV) is achieved by regioselective Pd‐catalyzed direct C—H arylation of pyridine N‐oxide and subsequent cyclization via hydrolysis, diazotation, and intramolecular substitution of dinitrogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Indolin‐2‐one Derivatives Bearing the 4‐Thiazolidinone Moiety.
Authors: Wang Shuobing , Zhao Yanfang , Zhu Wufu , Liu Ying , Guo Kaixing , Gong Ping
Published: April 2012

A novel series of the title indolinone derivatives (IX) (16 examples) is synthesized and evaluated in vitro for its cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Visible‐Light Photoredox Radical C—H Functionalization: Catalytic Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles.
Authors: Cheng Yannan , Yang Jun , Qu Yue , Li Pixu
Published: April 2012

Instead in the presence of a household CFL light, the reaction can also be carried out under sunlight although with somewhat lower yields.
ChemInform Abstract: CuO‐Promoted Construction of N‐2‐Aryl‐Substituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles via Azide—Chalcone Oxidative Cycloaddition and Post Triazole Arylation.
Authors: Zhang Yuanqing , Li Xiaolong , Li Jihui , Chen Jinying , Meng Xu , Zhao Mingming , Chen Baohua
Published: April 2012

The regioselective process is successful with various aryl fluorides and with the chloride (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Cyclobutanones Bearing Alkyne—Cobalt Complex at Their 3‐Positions.
Authors: Kawano Mizuki , Kiuchi Takaaki , Matsuo Jun‐ichi , Ishibashi Hiroyuki
Published: April 2012

The title reaction is highly efficient in the presence of aldehydes and produces cis‐ substituted pyrans with excellent selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Catalyzed Regioselective Cyclization Reactions of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketophosphonates or β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters with Allenic Esters.
Authors: Pei Cheng‐Kui , Wu Lei , Lian Zhong , Shi Min
Published: April 2012

Ketophosphonates (I) afford mainly dihydropyran derivatives, whereas ketoesters (V) give predominantly highly functionalized tetrahydropyran derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Conjugate Addition of α,β‐Unsaturated Lactones Having an Alkanenitrile Side Chain: Stereocontrolled Construction of Carbocycles with Quaternary Carbon Atoms.
Authors: Yoshimura Fumihiko , Torizuka Makoto , Mori Genki , Tanino Keiji
Published: April 2012

The efficient methodology allows the construction of carbocycles with all‐carbon quarternary stereocenters from α,β‐unsaturated lactones having an alkanenitrile side chain.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted 3‐Hydroxypyridines via the Revisited Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of 5‐Alkoxyoxazoles with Dienophiles.
Authors: Sabot Cyrille , Oueis Emilia , Brune Xavier , Renard Pierre‐Yves
Published: April 2012

Neodymium triflate is an efficient catalyst which leads to a variety of substituted 3‐hydroxypyridines such as (III) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Combinatorial Synthesis of a Novel Kinase‐Focused Library Using Click Chemistry‐Based Fragment Assembly.
Authors: Irie Takayuki , Fujii Ikuo , Sawa Masaaki
Published: April 2012

The screening of the triazole‐based kinase focused evolved fragment library (76 examples) allows for the rapid identification of the potent lead candidate (Ia) for FLT3 and GSK3β kinase.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐Substituted 2H‐Isoquinolin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Mendez Leticia J. , Canepa Alicia S. , Gonzalez M. Gloria , Bravo Rodolfo D.
Published: April 2012

The title compounds (III) are prepared from 2‐cyanomethylbenzoic acid and arenes via sequential Friedel—Crafts acylation and intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methyl 9‐Mesityl‐12‐aryl‐11‐oxo‐7,8,9,10,11,12‐hexahydrobenzo [a]acridine‐10‐carboxylates.
Authors: Kozlov N. G.
Published: April 2012

by condensation of 2‐naphthylamine with 2‐mesityl‐4,6‐dioxocyclohexanecarboxylate and aromatic aldehydes
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of δ‐Carbolines via a Pd‐Catalyzed Sequential Reaction from 2‐Iodoanilines and N‐Tosyl‐enynamines.
Authors: Cao Jian , Xu Yongping , Kong Yulong , Cui Yuming , Hu Ziqiang , Wang Guanhai , Deng Yuan , Lai Guoqiao
Published: April 2012

The preparation of the important heterocyclic skeleton proceeds with moderate to good yields if both substrates are aryl‐substituted.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Access to Indolo[2,3‐b]quinolines by Electrophile‐Triggered Cross‐Amination/Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with 1‐(2‐Tosylaminophenyl)ketones.
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Li Ying‐Xiu , Anwar Saeed , Yang Fang , Chen Zi‐Sheng , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: April 2012

The method can be applied to prepare neocryptolepine (VII) and its analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of α,ω‐Diynes with Isocyanates.
Authors: Onodera Gen , Suto Mari , Takeuchi Ryo
Published: April 2012

The reaction allows a new and mild access to a number of fused pyridines and the enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral pyridones is possible.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Potent and Specific CXCR3 Antagonists.
Authors: Chen Xiaoqi , et al. et al.
Published: April 2012

Detailed optimization efforts on a series of 8‐azaquinazoline derivatives result in the identification of several CXCR3 antagonists with improved in vitro potency over AMG 487.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Noroviruses by Piperazine Derivatives.
Authors: Dou Dengfeng , He Guijia , Mandadapu Sivakoteswara Rao , Aravapalli Sridhar , Kim Yunjeong , Chang Kyeong‐Ok , Groutas William C.
Published: April 2012

The studies lead to the identification of two promising compounds (I) and (II) which can be used as a launching pad for the optimization of potency, cytotoxicity and drug‐like characteristics.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Accelerated One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Acetyl‐2‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydro‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Azarifar D. , Sheikh D.
Published: April 2012

A novel approach to 2‐aryl substituted benzoxazin‐4‐ones (IV) is presented.