bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water as Divine Mirror in the Poetry of Daud Kamal
Authors: Zaidi Ali
Published: July 2022

Abstract: In the poetry of Daud Kamal, water figures as an image of mercy, as in the Quran, and as a mirror that reflects divine hidden presence. The rock pool evokes the memory of Gandhara and other foundational civilizations born in love and creative ferment. Conversely, the images of drought, heat, and dust symbolize a parched spiritual order. The river, a recurring archetypal image in Kamal’s poetry, represents the fluid self that is subsumed into collective identity to become a poetic distillate of history.
Key words: Daud Kamal, water imagery, drought imagery, Pakistani poetry in English, Gandhara civilization, Islamic poetry.
Resumen: En la poesía de Daud Kamal (1935-1987), el agua figura como una imagen de misericordia, como en el Corán, y como un espejo que refleja la presencia divina oculta. El estanque evoca la memoria de Gandhara y otras civilizaciones fundamentales nacidas en el amor y el fermento creativo. Por el contrario, las imágenes de sequía, calor y polvo simbolizan un orden espiritual reseco. El río, una imagen arquetípica recurrente en la poesía de Kamal, representa el yo fluido que se subsume en la identidad colectiva para convertirse en un destilado poético de la historia.
Palabras clave: Daud Kamal, imágenes de agua, imágenes de sequía, poesía paquistaní en inglés, civilización de Gandhara, poesía islámica.
In vitro regulation of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa using synthetic autoinducers By Hrag Dilabazian A thesis. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Dilabazian Hrag
Published: July 2022

Quorum sensing is a remarkable type of cell-to-cell communication that is directly involved in the regulation of virulence, biofilm formation and other significant characteristics of bacteria. This process, which occurs in most pathogenic bacteria, is mainly governed by the release of significant concentrations of chemical signaling molecules, called autoinducers, by the local bacterial cell density. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen, known for its complex quorum sensing system, also possesses its own autoinducers, that mediate cellular cross talk and regulate the expression of certain virulence genes. Among these genes is the lasB elastase gene. The lasI and rhlI gene products respectively drive the synthesis of N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OdDHL) and N-butyryl homoserine lactone (BHL), the autoinducers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Forty eight clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, from patients in LAUMC-RH, were included in this study to determine the activity of the two synthetic autoinducers, OdDHL and BHL, on the induction of the lasB gene, during early stages of bacterial growth. The strains were definitively identified and screened for their elastolytic activity. They were classified into two distinct groups: elastase positive and elastase negative. The possession of the quorum sensing controlled gene lasB and the regulatory genes lasR, lasI, rhlR and rhlI was determined by the polymerase chain reaction. One out of the four elastase negative isolates was lasR and lasI deficient. The inducing ability of OdDHL and BHL on the lasB gene was tested under different conditions: by increasing cell density or manipulating the concentration of or time of exposure to autoinducers, revealed that induction was not possible in elastase negative strains and had no detectable effect on the elastase positive strains. Our observations suggest that, in vitro autoinducer directed, early induction of the elastase gene in the clinical isolates was not possible. A plausible explanation could be the presence of a defective lasB gene, the absence of or truncated transcriptional regulatory proteins, or unusual environmental factors affecting the activity of the autoinducers on the elastase negative strains.
Dual Targeting of Matrix Metalloproteases and the MAPK Pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Using an MMP-activated anthrax lethal toxin (PrAgL1/LF). (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Al Saneh Ahmad
Published: July 2022

Anthrax lethal toxin is a two-component toxin consisting of protective antigen (PrAg), the cell binding and translocation domain, and lethal factor (LF), the catalytic domain, which cleaves all mitogen-activated protein/extracellular regulated kinase kinases (MEKs), leading to the inhibition of the MAPK pathway. In order to increase selectivity of this toxin, we have replaced the furin cleavage site with a matrix metalloprotease cleavage site generating an MMP-activated anthrax lethal toxin; PrAgL1/LF. In this study, we attempt to target both the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and matrix metalloproteases in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. Additionally, we also determine the level of autophagy activation, through quantification of autophagosomes on flow cytometry, and the impact of its inhibition, using the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), on cell death secondary to MAPK inhibition. Moreover, we attempt to vertically inhibit the MAPK pathway in AML cell lines in order to overcome acquired resistance of AML cell lines to PrAg/LF by targeting the MAPKK protein MEK-1/2 as well as the MAPKKK protein ERK-1/2 via SCH772984, showing that coupling the two inhibitors may offer a novel targeting method in order to overcome acquired resistance to MEK-1/2 inhibitors. Our results demonstrate that vertical inhibition does offer increased potency in comparison to single targeting of the MAPK pathway when working with sensitive cell lines that are dependent on the cascade. Several cell lines tested were sensitive to PrAgL1/LF indicating that they express MMPs and are sensitive to the inhibition of the MAPK pathway. The expression of MMPs by AML cell lines was further confirmed by their sensitivity to PrAgL1/FP59, an MMP activated version of anthrax toxin whose cytotoxicity is not related to their dependence on the MAPK pathway. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway through PrAgL1/LF led to sustained activation of autophagy, starting at 24 hours and lasting up to 120 hours following treatment with PrAgL1/LF in the AML cell lines. Addition of CQ led to an increase in cell cytotoxicity following treatment with PrAgL1/LF, at all time points, indicating that the inhibition of the MAPK pathway in AML cells leads to the activation of autophagy, which in turn mediates cell death following treatment with PrAgL1/LF. Our study shows that AML cells express MMPs and can be targeted using an MMP-activated anthrax lethal toxin and that the LF-mediated inhibition of the MAPK pathway activates autophagy which is protective at later time points.
Analysis of The Lebanese Driver's Behavior at The Onset of Yellow Lights at Signalized Intersections. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Chahine Ricardo
Published: July 2022

Intersections are critical points within the highway system at which the risk of crashes increases. This study seeks to better understand the behavior of the Lebanese driver at an intersection by examining the relationship between his/her decisions and psychological attributes. A driving simulator and a self-reporting personality questionnaire are used to assess the decision-making at the onset of the yellow. The driving simulator measures driving outcomes such as speed, braking, and throttle across four different intersections. The questionnaire helps measuring demographics and psychological traits such as mindfulness, impulsiveness, anxiety driving, and safe driving. A total of 102 participants completed the questionnaire as well as the driving simulator test. Hierarchical clustering is used to classify drivers into four groups according to their driving outcomes: Driving Styles (DS): 1 or safest drivers, 2 or safe drivers, 3 or speed demons, and 4 or aggressive drivers. These driving styles moderate the relation between the psychological traits and drivers’ decision whether to stop or to pass at each intersection. Results show that mindfulness was highly related to DS 1 drivers’ decision at the first intersection, impulsiveness and anxiety driving are also related to DS 3 drivers’ decision at the third, and safe driving has a significant influence on DS 1 drivers at the third. These findings provide support for research linking driving performance and personality factors and can have implications on future driving enforcement and education for the Lebanese drivers.
The Effect of Genetic Polymorphism on Therapeutic Response of Metformin in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Iraqi Population. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Al-Shaikhly Raya
Published: July 2022

Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia have been proposed as potential mechanisms for the gonadotropin secretory abnormalities characteristic of PCOS. Thus, metformin, an insulin-lowering agents, has been prescribed extensively to regulate insulin level of patients with PCOS. However, there are individual differences in the treatment effectiveness of metformin among PCOS patients. The exact mechanism of insulin resistance remains to be clarified; however, it is supposed that it originates from the post-receptor defects. The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) is an important intermediate in insulin signaling pathway. Polymorphisms in IRS1 have been associated with insulin resistance. Respectively, in this study, we investigated the effect of the polymorphisms of IRS1 on the treatment effectiveness of metformin in PCOS patients. The study involved 100 women diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria and 100 control healthy women. All patients diagnosed with PCOS received 500 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. Both case and control group were genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1801123) of IRS.1.Main outcome measures were hormonal parameters, metabolic parameters, and lipid panel parameters. They were measured at baseline for control and PCOS group and 12 weeks post metformin treatment for PCOS patients only.Our study has shown that metformin had differential effects on fasting insulin level, HbA1C, LH, LH/FSH ratio, testosterone (p-value<0.05)among patients based on different genotypes of IRS.1. Patients with mutated IRS.1 were not showing the same response as patients with intact IRS.1 gene. This finding provides data to support future PCOS clinical trials about Iraqi population, but also shows how genetics and polymorphism can play an important role in explaining how the response of PCOS patients might differ according to a specific type of polymorphism.
Postępowania upadłościowe i restrukturyzacyjne prowadzone wobec rolników indywidualnych. Wybrane problemy
Authors: Gonet Wojciech
Published: July 2022

Tekst dotyczy trudności w zbywaniu nieruchomości rolnych w postępowaniach upadłościowych i restrukturyzacyjnych. Celem artykułu jest m.in. wyjaśnienie, jakie konsekwencje ma stosowanie przy sprzedaży nieruchomości rolnych w postępowaniach upadłościowych – przepisów ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego. Ograniczenia w obrocie nieruchomościami rolnymi prowadzą do zakłócenia równowagi pomiędzy wierzycielami rolników a rolnikami. W tekście wskazano skutki uprzywilejowania pozycji zadłużonych rolników oraz kierunki zmian regulacji prawnych, w celu poprawy sytuacji wierzycieli.
The Impact of Walking Programs on Reduction of Menopausal Symptoms: A Scoping Review
Authors: Amanzai Hasina , Sidani Souraya , Munro Kaitlyn , Nadeem Wareesha , Ansari Hanniya , Zia Tooba , Guruge Sepali
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Keywords: Menopause, Walking, Pedometer-based Walking
Aim: To conduct a scoping review of the existing literature on walking programs for menopausal women and explore the impact of various walking interventions on the reduction of menopausal symptoms.
Background: Menopause is natural occurring phenomenon for women and can present with several physical and mental symptoms that are more severely experienced by some individuals. These experiences can be very distressing for women to deal with, especially in light of their personal, social, and work lives. The substantial impact of menopausal symptoms direly calls for effective coping strategies and treatment methods. Specific to menopause, physical activity is a form of treatment that can decrease occurrences and severity of menopausal symptoms. Previous studies have reported the benefits of walking in reducing symptoms,  yet it is unclear which specific programs are most effective in reducing menopausal symptoms, especially in light of the time and efficacy barriers reported by menopausal women.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted in nine databases for articles published up to September 2011, to identify studies exploring the topic of interest. Two investigators independently screened articles and two investigators independently extracted data based on specific themes. Mean differences and effect sizes were calculated to determine the effectiveness of walking interventions. Risk of bias assessments were also conducted for all reviewed studies.
Findings: Seven studies, including five RCTs, met all inclusion criteria. All studies presented improvements in post-intervention menopausal symptoms of depression, sleep quality and physiological markers. Amongst all interventions (Pedometer-based programs, Nordic walking, walking training and SaBang Dolgi), pedometer-based walking presented the greatest improvement from baseline frequencies. Amongst all symptoms, depression saw the greatest reduction post interventions.
Conclusion: Pedometer-based walking programs seem to be the most effective intervention for reduction of menopausal symptoms. Findings are comparable to those of other studies.
A study to compare 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 0.5% isobaric ropivacaine intrathecally for elective lower limb surgery.
Authors: Pasha Muhammad Naeem , Pasha Sheeza Naeem , Naeem Ayeza , Abbas Tanveer , Haq Syed Nurul
Published: July 2022

Background: Spinal anaesthesia is the most appropriate method that is more advantageous than general anaesthesia. The study was planned to comparatively assess the effects of hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine with isobaric 0.5% Ropivacaine in Elective Lower Limb Surgery. Methodology: One hundred patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I and II were selected for elective lower segment operation. Participants were assorted into two groups without following any fixed criteria and treated as; Group B and R, injected with bupivacaine in 0.5% hyperbaric condition and 0.5% isobaric ropivacaine, respectively. Results: The time of onset of blockage of sensation was prominently lesser in Group B contrary to Group R. The time slot of attainment of maximum sensory block up to T6 level was statistically significant and was smaller in Group B. The duration for the two-segment regression's sensorial blockage was more duration in Group B. The average extent of blockage of sensation was lesser in the R group. The time to achieve maximum motor blockage when testing via Bromage scale 2 was lower in the B group. In group B, the mean duration of the motor blockade was calibrated from the Bromage scale. Conclusion: The use of ropivacaine given for lower segment surgeries provided an efficient level of block required during the surgery with a speedy outset of motor and sensory blockade and less time needed to achieve motor blockade.
Relationship of neck disability and fear-avoidance beliefs among bankers.
Authors: Shoukat Faryal , Rajar Huzaifa Ather , Baig Nabeel
Published: July 2022

Background: Neck Disability (ND) is a global health concern among bankers due to the prolonged computer usage demand of the job. Literature reported neck pain and fear of activity among bankers; however, evidence is scarce regarding the association between them. Therefore this survey aimed to evaluate the relationship between ND and Fear Avoidance Beliefs (FAB) among bankers. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on bankers of Karachi, Pakistan, using a convenience sampling technique. Volunteer bankers working for two or more years, and having neck pain for more than three months were enrolled in the study. ND was evaluated using Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire and FAB questionnaire to assess activity fear. Statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS version 20. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the association between ND and FAB. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% CI. Results: A total of 100 bankers were included in the study. The Pearson correlation test shows a significant moderate and positive correlation between NDI and FAB among bankers (r=0.61). Conclusion: It was concluded that the bankers suffer from ND and fear of activity performance, and a significant moderate and positive association was found between ND and FAB. Hence, further experimental research related to neck posture, work-station ergonomics, and ND is needed so that the global issue can be resolved and bankers' work performance could be enhanced.
THE DANCE FORMS OF A DOUDINI IN KHERAI FESTIVAL OF THE BODOS OF ASSAM: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY FROM RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Hajowary Tapasi
Published: July 2022

The Bodos are important tribes of the North-Eastern India, particularly Assam. They belong to the Indo-Mongolian group of tribes and are inducted as Kiratas. They are mainly scattered in the districts of Kokrajhar, Goalpara, Barpeta, Bongaigaon, Baksa, Dhubri etc. The traditional Bodos celebrate Kherai as one of their significant religious festivals Brahma (2008) 14. They perform Kherai for well-being of their families, to yield good harvest and prosperity of the society. Kherai is a religious custom in which the primitive spiritual almighty is prayed earnestly. It is a prayer institution of Bwrai Bathou or Sibrai, the supreme deity of Kherai festival. Though there are mainly eighteen types of dances associated with Kherai puja but there are some additional dance-drama forms which are also counted after those eighteen dances and the main dancer of the puja is the doudini Brahma (2003) 20.
Basic industries of Russia’s industrial regions: The image of the future
Authors: Romanova Olga A. , Sirotin Dmitry V.
Published: July 2022

Industrialisation remains the major factor of development in the era of radical changes. Its drivers – advanced digital production technologies – are transforming the entire industrial and spatial landscape. Industrial regions take a special role in these transformations. The research aims to identify trends in the development of basic industries in industrial regions and work out a method to form their new technological image. Methodologically, the study relies on the institutional theory, theories of sustainable and longterm technical and economic development; applies methods of comparative, statistical, structural analysis and neural network modelling. Considering the case of the Ural metal industries, the study reveals the main trends of development and possibilities of forming the image of future of the basic industries of Russia’s industrial regions, as well as specifies the factors that modify these trends under the New Normal. Due to institutional and technological transformations, the Russian metal industries have achieved impregnable positions in the world market. The paper substantiates the changes in the development of the basic industries linked with the formation of Industry 5.0 as the new management paradigm, which assigns priority to the ESG factors. The research demonstrates that an indispensable condition for the successful functioning of companies is the ability to cooperate and agree on decisions. The findings confirm that modernised metal and other basic industries through integrating green, digital and behavioural economy will not only maintain, but are likely to increase their importance in the economy of industrial regions.
Economic development of Russia’s old industrial border regions
Authors: Antonyuk Valentina S. , Kornienko Elena L.
Published: July 2022

Among the old industrial constituting entities of the Russian Federation there are the territories with middle and border location. Both types perform important functions in the national economy, however, their average gross regional product per capita is less than the average of non-old industrial regions. The article aims to hold a theoretical and methodological study of the specifics and factors of development of Russia’s old industrial border regions in comparison with old industrial middle regions to identify the thrusts of modernisation of the industrial space for the former. The theories of economic development and border studies as well as the concept of old industrial regions form the methodological basis of the research. The authors apply systems approach, abstraction and generalisation, factor and comparative analysis. The paper presents a method for assessing the economic development of old industrial border regions. The employment of this method allowed (1) revealing that border regions outperform middle regions in such indicators as GRP, value of fixed assets, investments in the fixed capital per capita; (2) identifying the factors limiting GRP per capita; (3) rating old industrial regions and providing a system of suggestions for accelerating their development. The findings can be useful for federal and regional authorities for fueling the economic growth of old industrial border regions.
Trends in economic dynamics of Russia’s classic old industrial region: The case of the Sverdlovsk oblast
Authors: Animitsa Evgeny G. , Novikova Natalya V.
Published: July 2022

The scientific paradigm of studying old industrial regions is of interdisciplinary nature, which is due to their complexity and uniqueness. The research aims to generalise about and systematise the scientific heritage concerning the factors behind and conditions of emergence, formation and transformation of old industrial regions, as well as peculiarities of their economic structure and dynamics. Methodologically, the research relies on the economic and social geography (principles underlying the typology of settlements), and regional science (regional economics and an economic genetic approach to regions). The study applies methods of formalisation, systematisation, time series analysis, bibliometric and content analysis and examines the data of Russia’s Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Ministry of Economics and Territorial Development of the Sverdlovsk oblast. As a result, the paper substantiates the sustainability and resilience of the regional economy of Sverdlovsk oblast, a typical representative of Russia’s old industrial regions, in conditions of global external challenges; reveals the main factor behind the sustainability and resilience of the old industrial region; interprets the ‘genetic code’ of the Sverdlovsk oblast characterised by a historically emerged industrial specialisation; justifies the prospects for the new modernisation, which will strengthen and refine the revealed ‘genetic code’ to ensure the economic dynamism of the old industrial region under the new sanctions-induced challenges. The authors specifically point to an increasing significance of the Sverdlovsk oblast in conditions of the current crisis, since only this region in Russia retained the official status of the “supporting edge of the state”.
Long-term trends in differentiation between regions: Sverdlovsk oblast vs Chelyabinsk oblast
Authors: Bents Daria S.
Published: July 2022

Threats of increased differentiation across regions, which have caused inefficient spatial development, are progressively coming into the scientists’ focus. By and large, a peripheral region is unlikely to take the place of the center. In the Urals1 , the Sverdlovsk oblast has long been the center and stayed ahead of its neighbours in terms of socioeconomic performance. Our previous research revealed a phenomenon called ‘synchronisation of economies’. Accordingly, the Chelyabinsk oblast in many instances repeats the trends of the Sverdlovsk oblast, but remains at the periphery. In this regard, studying the differentiation between the two economies becomes a relevant issue. The research aims to construct long-term trends of differentiation between regions using the case of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk oblasts. The theories of spatial development, including the theory of cumulative growth, constitute the methodological basis of the research. Applying the methods of statistical comparison and times series analysis, the study interprets the data published by Russia’s Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System (UISIS), and generated by FIRA PRO information analytics system (OOO “First Independent Rating Agency”). The author proposes a method for assessing differentiation across regions based on 12 indicators. The findings demonstrate that for 2001–2020, the variation between the regions in terms of GRP per capita (in 2001 prices) has increased, whereas in terms of wages in prices of the same year it decreased. In relation to the outsider region, the Sverdlovsk oblast has kept its position in terms of the real GRP per capita compared to the Chelyabinsk oblast, which is approaching the outsider. At the same time, for 2001–2020, both regions have become closer to the leader. With regard to the real wages, the positions of the regions have nearly equalized, the ‘superiority’ over the outsider has decreased.
The impact of the inflation-targeting regime on the economic development of an industrial region
Authors: Kuklinova Polina S. , Ilyashenko Vladimir V.
Published: July 2022

The priority goal of Russia’s monetary policy is keeping inflation close to the target. Within the inflation-targeting regime, the monetary policy is adopted at the national level and therefore, is uniform for all regions of the country. However, differentiation of inflation rates between regions characteristic of Russia’s economy gains even greater importance under the enacted policy, because inflation targeting produces different effects on the sustainability of the economic development of regions with different industrial structures. The paper aims to study the impact of the inflation-targeting regime on the economic performance of the Sverdlovsk oblast, which belongs to old industrial regions. The methodological basis of the research consists of the theoretical propositions of economic theory and macroeconomics. The authors use correlation and factor analysis, methods of observation and comparison. According to the findings, implementing inflation targeting since 2015 has permitted to reduce inflation and keep it down in the Sverdlovsk oblast. However, it has also contributed to the deterioration of the key indicators reflecting its economic development. The study concludes that despite being effective in terms of reducing inflation, the said regime impedes sustainable economic development of the industrial region.
Electronic Publishing Programs in Science and Technology Part 1: The Journals
Authors: Brown Elizabeth W. , Duda Andrea L.
Published: July 2022

Many science and technology journal publishers are starting web-based publishing programs. In some cases publishers are making all or most of their journals available; in others, one or two titles are being published on the web as pilot projects. This article summarizes information about programs from several science and technology publishers in a "snapshot" from November 1996. Since many of these publishing programs are currently in development, visit the publishers' web sites for the latest information.
Report of the ACRL Task Force on Electronic Publishing: Introduction
Authors: Kobzina Norma
Published: July 2022

In the Fall 1995, the ACRL Publications Committee established a task force to look at the status of electronic publications within ACRL. The charge to the ACRL Task Force on Electronic Publishing read as follows: To investigate current electronic publishing activity in ACRL; to identify for the Publications Committee the pertinent issues of policy and practice in this area; and make whatever recommendations the Task Force deems fitting.
The Task Force was chaired by Ann Schaffner of Brandeis University; Hugh Thompson from ACRL and Norma Kobzina from U.C. Berkeley assisted in the preparation of the report. After several drafts, which were looked at by the Publications Committee and the various ACRL Editorial Boards as well as Section and Committee Chairs, the final report was approved at the Annual Meeting in July 1996. Since STS is actively involved in electronic publishing (and ISTL is our first electronic effort), it seemed appropriate to publish the report in its entirety. The following is a brief summary of the major issues and recommendations.
Report of the ACRL Task Force on Electronic Publishing. Final Report.
Authors: Not applicable
Published: July 2022

The final report of the ACRL Task Force on Electronic Publishing is presented here. Some of the conclusions reached by the Task Force call for action, while others require more study; all are summarized below.
Information at Your Fingertips: Use of the Internet at the Life Sciences Reference Desk
Authors: Hughes Janet
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses how, when, and why the Internet has been used at a Life Sciences Reference Desk, and gives examples of some of the resources frequently used at the Life Sciences Reference Desk. Most of the examples are text-based, however, if web versions are also available, the URLs for such sites will be included.
In Distance Learning, Is There a Role?
Authors: Osorio Nestor L.
Published: July 2022

There are many examples in the literature of extended campus instruction, and the support given by libraries to their students and faculty members. One new dimension added to this trend is the creation of virtual classrooms and virtual campuses. Science and engineering librarians working with university administrators must explore the different ways in which advanced computer instructional technology can blend with the skills for collecting, organizing, retrieving and evaluating quality information that will enrich the education and retraining of students of the sciences and engineering. The technology is available, the institutional climate is positive, it is up to us to begin answering the question: In implementing Distance Learning, what will be the role of the science-tech librarians?
Heads of Science and Technology Libraries Discussion Group
Authors: Lessin Barton
Published: July 2022

Forty librarians attended the Heads of Science and Technology Libraries Discussion Group on Sunday evening, February 16, 1997, to hear and talk about budget allocations for science and technology libraries. The theme of this discussion was how academic librarians get, maintain, and advocate for their budgets.
STS General Discussion Group: Collection Trends in the Sciences
Authors: Gelfand Julia
Published: July 2022

This article summarizes the STS General Discussion Group on "Collection Trends in the Sciences" at ALA Midwinter in Washington.
Literature Searching in Science, Technology, and Agriculture by Eileen Pritchard and Paula R. Scott.
Authors: Stoner Mary D.
Published: July 2022

This article reviews the book Literature Searching in Science, Technology, and Agriculture. Rev. ed. Westport, CT : Greenwood Press, 1996, by Eileen Pritchard and Paula R. Scott.
From Print to Electronic: The Transformation of Scientific Communication by Susan Y. Crawford, Julie M. Hurd, and Ann C. Weller.
Authors: Matthews Judy
Published: July 2022

This article reviews the book From Print to Electronic: The Transformation of Scientific Communication. Medford, NJ: Information Today, Inc., 1996, by Susan Y. Crawford, Julie M. Hurd, and Ann C. Weller. The mission of this work is an evaluation of the extent and nature of technology's impact on traditional scientific communication, both formal and informal.
ACRL College Science Librarians Discussion Group
Authors: Warburg Helena F.
Published: July 2022

This article summarizes the ACRL College Science Librarians Discussion Group at ALA San Francisco, June 29, 1997.
Guide to Computer Science Internet Resources
Authors: Knee Michael
Published: July 2022

This guide contains links to significant computer science resources on the Internet. It is based on the {computer science} resource listing available as a subject guide on the University at Albany, University Libraries home page.
The guide is divided into nine subject categories which are self-explanatory with the exception of the Starting Points section. Starting Points are internet subject guides that cover sub-disciplines of computer science like artificial intelligence, programming languages, and concurrency. Their purpose is to provide an organized, subject approach to internet resources for that sub-discipline.
Biological Research and the Library: A Collaboration in Online Research and Library Instruction
Authors: Summey Terri Pedersen
Published: July 2022

With more emphasis placed upon research in undergraduate biology courses offered at Emporia State University, students needed to use the library. Since the library canceled its subscription to Biological Abstracts in 1985, biology students rely upon subsidized online searches to obtain citations relevant to their research. To do their research, collaboration with librarians has become a necessity. Initially the mediated search service was only available to graduate students and faculty members associated with the Division of Biological Sciences. As time progressed and new faculty members joined the division, more emphasis was placed upon research in undergraduate courses as well. To accommodate these students with a limited online search budget and search staff, something needed to be done. The result was a collaboration between instructors in the Biology Division and the librarian in charge of the Library's Online Search Service. Through time this relationship has evolved as access to more electronic databases has been added to the library's resources. Currently, the students attend an instructional session on research strategy and an introduction to OCLC's FirstSearch Service. This article will explore the relationship formed and how the collaboration has evolved over the years. It will also outline the instruction session that is now being offered and discuss its effectiveness.
Building the Collections of the California Digital Library
Authors: Starr Susan S.
Published: July 2022

In October of 1997, the University of California announced the creation of the California Digital Library, an initiative that will harness the power of digital technologies to make the University's unique library and information resources more widely available to all Californians, as well as provide leadership and support to other segments in order to enhance access to digital information resources throughout the state. In addition to providing valuable new services to the people of California, the California Digital Library will enhance library service to UC faculty and students while supporting the library system during its transition to the digital future. This article will discuss the main elements of the California Digital Library initiative.
Computer and Information Ethics
Authors: Johnson Bill T.
Published: July 2022

This article reviews the book Computer and Information Ethics. Series: Contributions to the Study of Computer Science, #4, G.E. Gorman (Advisory Editor). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1997, by John Weckert and Douglas Adeney.
Wired Research: The Accessibility of Electronic Journals in Science and Technology, January 11, 1998
Authors: Buckley Chad E. , Prendergast Amy
Published: July 2022

Linda Sacks gave a brief history and description of Elsevier's new web-based ScienceDirect electronic journal product. Barbara Lange described IEEE's new electronic journal product called IEL (IEEE/IEE Electronic Library). A question and answer period followed. Discussion focused on pricing issues, subscribing to specific titles rather than an entire collection of titles, and linking from online indexes directly to full text electronic journals.
STS Forum for Science and Technology Library Research: Notes from the Committee Meeting
Authors: Lee Tamera
Published: July 2022

Primary agenda item was selection of three abstracts for presentation at ALA Annual Conference. From nine abstracts submitted, three were selected based on criteria of timeliness, scholarship, and relevance to science and technology librarianship.
A Note from the Editor
Authors: Duda Andrea L. (Andrea Louise)
Published: July 2022

This is our fifth web-based issue of Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. In slightly over a year of publishing, the editorial board has learned a great deal and the journal has developed a steady readership.
Precision Among Internet Search Engines: An Earth Sciences Case Study
Authors: Wishard Lisa A.
Published: July 2022

Three representative queries related to the earth sciences were used to evaluate the precision of 37 Internet search engines. The structure of three main types of Internet search engines and strategies for improving search results are discussed. The sample queries indicated that Go2, InfoMine, and Argus Clearinghouse had the highest precision for catalog type search engines. Excite, Infoseek and Northern Light had the highest precision for keyword type search engines. There was no one best multiple-threaded search engine. Searchers are urged to use multiple tools when using Internet search engines to locate subject specific queries.
Delivering the Goods: Web OPACs and the Expanding Role of the Cataloger
Authors: Medeiros Norm
Published: July 2022

The proliferation of information available on the Internet is staggering. Although library web sites offer a means of access to Internet resources, these lists often lack subject analysis, cross-referencing, and ultimately prove useless to those unaware of their presence. To that end, bibliographic records represented in web OPACs can describe Internet resources and link directly to them. Catalogers are experiencing a renaissance as the online catalog becomes both atlas and vehicle to Internet-based information.
Selection Criteria for Web-Based Resources in a Science and Technology Library Collection
Authors: McGeachin Robert B.
Published: July 2022

This article discusses reasons to include Internet-based resources in a science and technology library collection. In addition to the normal collection development criteria for print materials, many additional factors unique to electronic resources are examined. These topics include: additional hardware and software requirements, user access regulation, funding the cost of Internet materials, user education and assistance, stability of Internet location, long term access, product licensing, cataloging of Internet materials, and delays in access due to heavy Internet traffic.
The Visiting Corporate Library
Authors: Ball Melanie
Published: July 2022

In an effort to provide library services to more clients, the information consultants (IC) in the Amgen Libraries have taken the library to clients directly. The information consultants make rotating visits to various sites on campus bringing as many library services as can be arranged for each site. Starting with a three-month pilot program, the Visiting IC Program has developed into an important tool that can be used by the information consultants to expand library services, increase library visibility, and most importantly, to provide new and convenient outreach library services and information to those who need it.
Private Science: Biotechnology and the Rise of the Molecular Sciences
Authors: Fontaine Nancy H.
Published: July 2022

This article reviews Private Science: Biotechnology and the Rise of the Molecular Sciences. Arnold Thackray, editor. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, c1998, a collection of essays about biotechnology by noted scholars in the fields of history and sociology.
A Response to Albert Henderson
Authors: Flaxbart David
Published: July 2022

This article is in response to the article "Science in the Twilight Zone; Or, Are Science Libraries Related to Science?" by Albert Henderson, in this issue.
Ruminations on the Sci-Tech Serials Crisis
Authors: Mobley Emily R.
Published: July 2022

Commercial sci-tech publishers have been identified as the villains in the serials crisis. However, dispassionate observations over a number of years would suggest that the current crisis is a result of many villains including the accusers themselves. The situation did not arise solely as a result of changing pricing policies of the last few years. The "sins of the past" coupled with the myopia of not looking outside the ivied walls of academe provided the foundation for the current crisis. The interaction of the larger environment with the interrelationships between the roles each villain plays suggests solutions may not be readily achievable.
Science in the Twilight Zone—Rebuttal
Authors: Henderson Albert
Published: July 2022

The author responds to articles in this issue by Rob Kirby, Emily R. Mobley, and David Flaxbart.
A Scenario for Publishing Mathematics in the Future
Authors: Kirby Rob
Published: July 2022

I offer a (not original) scenario, suitable for mathematics, for electronic distribution of e-prints followed by journal submission (with its refereeing, editing and acceptance/rejection) and publication in low cost paper journals for the higher quality papers.
Information Sources in Science and Technology
Authors: Stoner Mary D.
Published: July 2022

This article reviews the book Information Sources in Science and Technology. 3rd ed. Englewood, CO : Libraries Unlimited, 1998, by C.D. Hurt.
Online World Conference and Expo, October 12-14, 1998 Washington, D.C.
Authors: Shrode Flora G.
Published: July 2022

Online, Inc. sponsors the annual Online World conference where librarians, Internet researchers, managers, and information professionals from all types of organizations gather to share their expertise and to learn about new products and services from vendors. Major themes at Online World '98 were web search engines, making electronic information sources available to users, and intranets.
This year all speakers were asked to prepare PowerPoint presentations to accompany their talks. The PowerPoint files are accessible at the conference web site ({http://www.onlineinc.com/olworld/}) along with a downloadable PowerPoint viewer.
A panoply of speakers explored both theoretical and practical aspects of using the web and developing information management services in a variety of organizations including corporate, academic, and government environments. Presentation and discussion sessions were offered in six tracks:
· Practical Searching· Intranet Development· Trends & Technologies· Resource Management· Content Reviews· Roundtable Discussions
GIS in Libraries: An Overview of Concepts and Concerns
Authors: Deckelbaum David
Published: July 2022

This article describes what a GIS is and its implications for incorporation into a library environment. It raises a variety of questions regarding staffing needs, choice of a GIS product or array of products, and the level of service that will be provided that need to be answered before deciding to make GIS available in your library.
Spotlight on the Subject Knowledge of Chemistry Librarians: Results of a Survey
Authors: Hooper-Lane Christopher J.
Published: July 2022

A survey of academic chemistry librarians concerning how they obtain and maintain subject knowledge found that 86% took college level chemistry courses, 64% have a science degree, and 43% have a degree in chemistry. To continue their education, respondents spend an average of 4 hours and 42 minutes each week on professional development activities such as scanning core science journals, subscribing to science discussion lists, surfing the World Wide Web, attending lectures, conferences, and workshops, and personal contact with academic faculty and scientists. Of these activities, discussion lists, personal contact, and scanning core journals were the most frequently utilized resource types. A ranking of the top resources exploited by the respondents is also included.
Using the Web to Teach Library Research Skills in Introductory Biology: A Collaboration Between Faculty and Librarians
Authors: Orians Colin , Sabol Laurie
Published: July 2022

Web-based instruction is an effective way, if used correctly, to teach students how to use library resources. In this article we describe a collaboration between the Department of Biology and the Library to develop such a web site for introductory biology. Our goals were to develop early in the students' careers library research skills, to show that such skills are necessary for effective scientific communication, and to provide students with varied backgrounds the skills to independently identify, locate, evaluate and use the library's resources. In addition to describing the site, we discuss ongoing changes to the web site and to the course that have improved its effectiveness. Student evaluations suggest we have met our goals, and colleagues have used the site as a foundation for the development of a more advanced site.
The Electronic Journal of Oncology
Authors: Dumontet Charles
Published: July 2022

This article reviews The Electronic Journal of Oncology, a non-profit, exclusively Internet-based journal containing original publications in the fields of oncology and hematology, freely accessible to physicians, paramedics and researchers having an interest in cancer. It contains peer reviewed original publications (reviews, clinical trials, fundamental research, case reports) in English which can be downloaded by readers.
Civic Space/Cyberspace: The American Public Library in the Information Age
Authors: Youngman Daryl C.
Published: July 2022

This article reviews the book Civic Space/Cyberspace: The American Public Library in the Information Age. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1999. 259p. $30.00 (ISBN 0-262-13346-6) by Redmond Kathleen Molz and Phyllis Dain.
Seeing the Forest of Information for the Trees of Papers: An Information Literacy Case Study in a Geography/Geology Class.
Authors: Blake Linda , Warner Tim
Published: July 2022

After receiving a mini-grant for developing integrated information literacy programs, a Geography/Geology Department faculty member worked with the Science Librarian to embed information literacy in a cross-listed geology and geography course, Geog/Geol 45: Introduction to Remote Sensing. Planning for the revisions to the class started with identification of five key literacy standards for the discipline of remote sensing. Each standard was addressed through a combination of teaching, assignments and measurements. From this planning exercise, two lectures and two laboratory exercises on information literacy were developed. Student response to the information literacy material, as measured through pre- and post-course surveys, was overwhelmingly positive. The project also provided an important opportunity for collaboration between the scientist and librarian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Atlas of Science: Visualizing What We Know
Authors: Osorio Nestor L.
Published: July 2022

The article reviews the book "Atlas of Science: Visualizing What We Know," by Katy Börner.
Guide to Nanotechnology Internet Resources.
Authors: Dixon Jill
Published: July 2022

The article offers a guide to Internet resources about nanotechnology aimed at college students, librarians and researchers. Information is presented on the origins of nanotechnology and its basic definition. A description of the scope of the guide is provided. A list of the Internet resources related to nanotechnology is given, including nanotechnology associations and societies, blogs, news portals, magazines, institutes and research centers.
The American Chemical Society's Undergraduate Chemistry Program Approval: A Conflict of Interest?
Authors: Brush Denise
Published: July 2022

The author comments on the conflict of interest with the requirement by the American Chemical Society (ACS) for college and university libraries to subscribe to certain journals for the granting of undergraduate chemistry program approval. The author emphasizes the impact of this requirement on the finances of academic libraries. The author explains why ACS should not be allowed to require access to Chemical Abstracts as a condition of program approval.