bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone pollution and temperature: A copula-based approach
Authors: Otero Noelia , Jurado Oscar , Butler Tim , Rust Henning W.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Ozone pollution and high temperatures have adverse health impacts that can be amplified by the combined effects of ozone and temperature. Moreover, changes in weather patterns are expected to alter ozone pollution episodes and temperature extremes. In particular, atmospheric blocking is a high-impact large-scale phenomenon at mid-high latitudes that has been associated with temperature extremes. This study examines the impact of atmospheric blocking on the ozone and temperature dependence among measurement stations over Europe. We use a copula-based method to model the dependence between both variables under blocking and non blocking conditions. This approach allows to examine the impact of blocks on the joint probability distribution. Our results showed that blocks lead to an increasing strength in the upper tail dependence of ozone and temperature extremes (>95th) in north-west and central Europe (e.g UK, Benelux, north-west of France and Germany). The analysis of the probability hazard scenarios revealed that blocks generally enhance the probability of compound ozone and temperature events by 20 % in a large number of stations over central Europe. The probability of ozone or temperature exceedances increases 30 % (on average) under the presence of atmospheric blocking. Furthermore, we found that in a number of stations over north-western Europe atmospheric blocking increases the probability of ozone exceedances by 30 % given high temperatures. Our results point out the strong influence of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone and temperature events, suggesting that blocks might be considered as a relevant predicting factor when assessing the risks of ozone-heat related health effects.
Overview towards improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to heavy precipitation in the Western Mediterranean: lessons learned from HyMeX
Authors: Khodayar Samira , Davolio Silvio , Di Girolamo Paolo , Lebeaupin Brossier Cindy , Flaounas Emmanouil , Fourrie Nadia , Lee Keun-Ok , Ricard Didier , Vie Benoit , Bouttier Francois , Caldas-Alvarez Alberto , Ducrocq Veronique
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Heavy precipitation (HP) constitutes a major meteorological threat in the western Mediterranean (WMed). Every year, recurrent events affect the area with fatal consequences on infrastructure and personal losses. Despite this being a well-known issue, widely investigated in the past, still open questions remain. Particularly, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the modelling representation of the events must be improved. One of the major goals of the Hydrological cYcle in the Mediterranean eXperiment (HyMeX; 2010–2020) has been to advance knowledge on this topic. In this article we present an overview of the most recent lessons learned from HyMeX towards improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to HP in the WMed. The unique network of instruments deployed, the use of finer model resolutions and of coupled models, provided an unprecedented opportunity to validate numerical model simulations, to develop improved parameterizations, designing high-resolution ensemble modelling approaches and sophisticated assimilation techniques across scales. All in all, HyMeX and particularly the science team heavy precipitation favoured the evidencing of theoretical results, the enrichment of our knowledge on the genesis and evolution of convection in a complex topography environment, and the improvement of precipitation forecasts. Illustratively, the intervention of cyclones and warm conveyor belts in the occurrence of heavy precipitation has been pointed out, the crucial role of the spatio-temporal distribution of the atmospheric water vapor for the understanding and accurate forecast of the timing and location of deep convection has been evidenced, as well as the complex interaction among processes across scales. The importance of soil and ocean conditions and the interactions among systems were highlighted and such systems were specifically developed in the framework of HyMeX to improve the realism of weather forecasts. Furthermore, the benefits of cross-disciplinary efforts within HyMeX have been a key asset in bringing a step forward our knowledge about heavy precipitation in the Mediterranean region.
Observation of cirrus clouds with GLORIA during the WISE campaign: detection methods and cirrus characterization
Authors: Bartolome Garcia Irene , Spang Reinhold , Ungermann Jörn , Griessbach Sabine , Krämer Martina , Höpfner Michael , Riese Martin
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Cirrus clouds contribute to the general radiation budget of the Earth and play an important role in climate projections. Of special interest are optically thin cirrus clouds close to the tropopause due to the fact that their impact is not yet well understood. Measuring these clouds is challenging as both high spatial resolution as well as a very high detection sensitivity are needed. These criteria are fulfilled by the infrared limb sounder GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere). This study presents a characterization of observed cirrus clouds using the data obtained by GLORIA aboard the German research aircraft HALO during the WISE (Wave-driven ISentropic Exchange) campaign in September and October 2017. We developed an optimized cloud detection method based on the cloud index and the extinction coefficient retrieved at the microwindow 832.4–834.4 cm−1. We derived macro-physical characteristics of the detected cirrus clouds such as cloud top height, cloud bottom height, vertical extent and cloud top position with respect to the tropopause. The fraction of cirrus clouds detected above the tropopause is on the order of 13 % to 27 %. In general, good agreement with the clouds predicted by the ERA5 reanalysis dataset is obtained. However, cloud occurrence is ≈ 50 % higher in the observations for the region close to and above the tropopause. Cloud bottom heights are also detected above the tropopause. However, considering the uncertainties, we cannot confirm the formation of unattached cirrus layers above the tropopause.
Measurements from the RV Ronald H. Brown and related platforms as part of the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC)
Authors: Quinn Patricia K. , Thompson Elizabeth J. , Coffman Derek J. , Baidar Sunil , Bariteau Ludovic , Bates Timothy S. , Bigorre Sebastien , Brewer Alan , de Boer Gijs , de Szoeke Simon P. , Drushka Kyla , Foltz Gregory R. , Intrieri Janet , Iyer Suneil , Fairall Chris W. , Gaston Cassandra J. , Jansen Friedhelm , Johnson James E. , Krüger Ovid O. , Marchbanks Richard D. , Moran Kenneth P. , Noone David , Pezoa Sergio , Pincus Robert , Plueddemann Albert J. , Pöhlker Mira L. , Pöschl Ulrich , Quinones Melendez Estefania , Royer Haley M. , Szczodrak Malgorzata , Thomson Jim , Upchurch Lucia M. , Zhang Chidong , Zhang Dongxiao , Zuidema Paquita
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction
Campaign (ATOMIC) took place from 7 January to 11 July 2020 in the tropical
North Atlantic between the eastern edge of Barbados and 51∘ W, the
longitude of the Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) mooring.
Measurements were made to gather information on shallow atmospheric
convection, the effects of aerosols and clouds on the ocean surface energy
budget, and mesoscale oceanic processes. Multiple platforms were deployed
during ATOMIC including the NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown (RHB) (7 January to 13 February) and WP-3D Orion (P-3)
aircraft (17 January to 10 February), the University of Colorado's Robust
Autonomous Aerial Vehicle-Endurant Nimble (RAAVEN) uncrewed aerial
system (UAS) (24 January to 15 February), NOAA- and NASA-sponsored Saildrones (12 January
to 11 July), and Surface Velocity Program Salinity (SVPS) surface ocean
drifters (23 January to 29 April). The RV Ronald H. Brown conducted in situ and remote sensing
measurements of oceanic and atmospheric properties with an emphasis on
mesoscale oceanic–atmospheric coupling and aerosol–cloud interactions. In
addition, the ship served as a launching pad for Wave Gliders, Surface Wave
Instrument Floats with Tracking (SWIFTs), and radiosondes. Details of
measurements made from the RV Ronald H. Brown, ship-deployed assets, and other platforms
closely coordinated with the ship during ATOMIC are provided here. These
platforms include Saildrone 1064 and the RAAVEN UAS as well as the Barbados
Cloud Observatory (BCO) and Barbados Atmospheric Chemistry Observatory
(BACO). Inter-platform comparisons are presented to assess consistency in
the data sets. Data sets from the RV Ronald H. Brown and deployed assets have been quality
controlled and are publicly available at NOAA's National Centers for
Environmental Information (NCEI) data archive
(https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/ATOMIC-2020, last access: 2 April 2021). Point-of-contact
information and links to individual data sets with digital object
identifiers (DOIs) are provided herein.
Event and seasonal hydrologic connectivity patterns in an agricultural headwater catchment
Authors: Pavlin Lovrenc , Széles Borbála , Strauss Peter , Blaschke Alfred Paul , Blöschl Günter
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Connectivity of the hillslope and the stream is a non-stationary and non-linear phenomenon dependent on many controls. The objective of this study is to identify these controls by examining the spatial and temporal patterns of the similarity between shallow groundwater and soil moisture dynamics and streamflow dynamics in the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL), a small (66 ha) agricultural headwater catchment in Lower Austria. We investigate the responses to 53 precipitation events and the seasonal dynamics of streamflow, groundwater and soil moisture over 2 years. The similarity, in terms of Spearman correlation coefficient, hysteresis index and peak-to-peak time, of groundwater to streamflow shows a clear spatial organization, which is best correlated with topographic position index, topographic wetness index and depth to the groundwater table. The similarity is greatest in the riparian zone and diminishes further away from the stream where the groundwater table is deeper. Soil moisture dynamics show high similarity to streamflow but no clear spatial pattern. This is reflected in a low correlation of the similarity with site characteristics. However, the similarity increases with increasing catchment wetness and rainfall duration. Groundwater connectivity to the stream on the seasonal scale is higher than that on the event scale, indicating that groundwater contributes more to the baseflow than to event runoff.
The five main influencing factors on lidar errors in complex terrain
Authors: Klaas Tobias , Emeis Stefan
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Light detection and ranging (notably Doppler lidar), has become a valuable technology to assess the wind resource at hub height of modern wind turbines. However, because of their measurement principle, common wind profile Doppler lidars suffer from errors at complex terrain sites. This study analyses the impact of the five main influencing factors at lidar measurement errors in complex terrain, i.e. orographic complexity, measurement height, surface roughness and forest, atmospheric stability and half-cone opening angle, in a non-dimensional, model-based parameter study. In a novel approach, the lidar error ε is split up into a part εc, caused by flow curvature at the measurement points of the lidar and a part εs, caused by the local speed-up effects between the measurement points. This approach, e.g., allows for a systematic and complete interpretation of the influence of the half-cone opening angle φ of the lidar. It also provides information about the uncertainty of simple lidar error estimations that are based on inflow and outflow angles at the measurement points. The model-based parameter study is limited to two-dimensional Gaussian hills with hill height H and hill half-width L. H/L and z/L, with z being the measurement height, are identified as the main scaling factors for the lidar error. Three flow models of different complexity are used to estimate the lidar errors. The outcome of the study provides manifold findings that enable an assessment of the applicability of these flow models. The study clearly shows that orographic complexity, roughness and forest characteristics, as well as atmospheric stability, have a significant influence on lidar error estimation. Based on the error separation approach it furthermore allows for an in-depth analysis of the influence of reduced half-cone opening angles. The choice and parameterization of flow models and the design of methods for lidar error estimation are found to be essential to achieve accurate results. The use of a RANS CFD model in conjunction with an appropriate forest model is highly recommended for lidar error estimations in complex terrain. If atmospheric stability variation at a measurement site plays a vital role, it should also be considered in the modelling. When planning a measurement campaign, an accurate estimation of the prospective lidar error should be carried out in advance to decrease measurement uncertainties and maximize the value.
Experimental investigation of wind turbine wake and load dynamics during yaw maneuvers
Authors: Macrí Stefano , Aubrun Sandrine , Leroy Annie , Girard Nicolas
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This article investigates the far wake response of a yawing upstream wind turbine and its impact on the global load variation in a downstream wind turbine. In order to represent misalignment and realignment scenarios, the upstream wind turbine was subjected to positive and negative yaw maneuvers. Yaw maneuvers could be used to voluntarily misalign wind turbines when wake steering control is targeted. The aim of this wind farm control strategy is to optimize the overall production of the wind farm and possibly its lifetime, by mitigating wake interactions. While wake flow and wind turbine load modifications during yaw maneuvers are usually described by quasi-static approaches, the present study aims at quantifying the main transient characteristics of these phenomena. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted in three different configurations, varying both scaling and flow conditions, in which the yaw maneuver was reproduced in a homogeneous turbulent flow at two different scales and in a more realistic flow such as a modeled atmospheric boundary layer. The effects of yaw control on the wake deviation were investigated by the use of stereo particle imaging velocimetry while the load variation on a downstream wind turbine was measured through an unsteady aerodynamic load balance. While overall results show a nondependence of the wake and load dynamics on the flow conditions and Reynolds scales, they highlight an influence of the yaw maneuver direction on their temporal dynamics.
PENGARUH DURASI PENYIMPANAN WHOLE BLOOD TERHADAP JUMLAH TROMBOSIT PLATELET RICH PLASMA (PRP)
Authors: Yuliandari Aisyara
Published: April 2021

Jumlah trombosit pada Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan kualitas dari PRP. Whole blood merupakan bahan utama dalam pembuatan PRP. Penanganan whole blood yang tidak tepat dapat mempengaruhi jumlah trombosit pada PRP. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh durasi penyimpanan whole blood terhadap jumlah trombosit PRP. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan post-test only control group design. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah whole blood yang berasal dari 8 orang donor pria yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Penelitian ini membandingkan jumlah trombosit PRP yang diproses dari whole blood yang disimpan selama 24 jam dan 48 jam dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol/penyimpanan 0 jam. Data jumlah trombosit dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA one-way dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD) menggunakan program SPSS versi 22.0. Data jumlah trombosit PRP disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, terjadi penurunan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara jumlah trombosit PRP pada kelompok penyimpanan 24 jam (132.937 trombosit/µL) dan kelompok penyimpanan 48 jam (91.000 trombosit/µL) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol/penyimpanan 0 jam (702.437 trombosit/µL). Durasi penyimpanan whole blood dapat mempengaruhi jumlah trombosit PRP, semakin lama waktu penyimpanan whole blood, maka jumlah trombosit PRP akan semakin menurun.

Kata Kunci: Durasi penyimpanan, PRP, Trombosit, Whole blood
Emprendimiento social en jóvenes: análisis de su relación con otras formas de participación social
Authors: Dávila María Celeste , Zlobina Anna , Serrano Pascual Amparo
Published: April 2021

El emprendimiento social es un fenómeno relativamente novedoso en nuestro país, pero a pesar de su importancia para el tercer sector y de las potenciales conexiones con otras formas más tradicionales de participación social, apenas se encuentran estudios que hayan abordado el análisis de tales relaciones. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la disposición de los jóvenes a desarrollar emprendimiento social, estudiar la vinculación que tiene el emprendimiento con otras formas de participación social, y la relación que mantiene con la obligación moral de participar socialmente para determinar hasta qué punto el paradigma del emprendimiento también ha calado entre los jóvenes como una fórmula para afrontar los problemas sociales. A través de un cuestionario en papel, 261 estudiantes universitarios aportaron información sobre las cuestiones previamente apuntadas. Los resultados hallados evidencian la relación entre emprendimiento social y otras formas de participación social. La intención de emprender socialmente es inferior a la intención de poner en práctica otras formas de participación fundamentalmente cívicas. Finalmente, la obligación moral sólo predice la intención de emprender a través de su relación con la intención de desarrollar otras formas de participación social. Se discuten los resultados hallados.
ԳՅՈՒՂԱՏՆՏԵՍԱԿԱՆ ՆՇԱՆԱԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀՈՂԵՐԻ ՕԳՏԱԳՈՐԾՄԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՈՒՄ
Authors: Efendyan P. S. , Abrahamyan M. A. , Nersisyan K. R.
Published: April 2021

The changing dynamics of agricultural lands throughout 2005-2020 has been investigated. Transformation of agricultural lands is related to various unresolved legislative issues.
According to the research results the efficient use of agricultural lands is interfered with the current legislative environment, degradation factor, huge amount of unused soils registered in the agricultural land assets and soil fragmentation. To eliminate the mentioned factors and to reduce their effect, it is necessary to make legislative changes and to implement land management activities.
La Résolution collaborative de problèmes (RCP)
Authors: Parent Simon
Published: April 2021

Dans cet article, nous présentons un bref portrait théorique et conceptuel de la résolution collaborative de problèmes dans le but de la rapprocher au numérique, qui s’avère être un outil de médiatisation majeur. Nous abordons les différents courants théoriques de la résolution de problèmes, passant de Polya à Jonassen, puis nous déclinons le concept de résolution collaborative de problèmes (RCP), importante composante des compétences du 21esiècle. Le numérique y est traité en sa qualité de vecteur d’apprentissages et de courroie de transmission pour la collaboration numérique. Ce portrait permet ainsi de mieux comprendre la symbiose entre le numérique et la RCP.
Les usages des ressources pédagogiques numériques par les étudiants de 1er cycle universitaire
Authors: Brandl Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Rares sont les enquêtes sociologiques qui analysent l’influence de la discipline, entendue comme « matrice disciplinaire » (Lahire, 1998), dans la structuration et la différenciation des pratiques étudiantes. Pourtant, la matrice disciplinaire est déterminante en ce qu’elle est une instance de socialisation qui structure les manières d’étudier. Ces enquêtes mettent pourtant en évidence un usage différencié des ressources pédagogiques selon la discipline (notes de cours, photocopies, articles, ouvrages…). Ce qui n’est pas sans intérêt : focaliser son attention sur les conditions d’appropriation des ressources pédagogiques prend une acuité particulière quand on sait qu’il s’agit in fine des conditions d’appropriation des savoirs disciplinaires, lesquelles sont déterminantes dans la réussite ou non des cursus universitaires. Cependant, ces enquêtes ont été menées à des moments où ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler aujourd’hui le « numérique », et notamment le numérique pédagogique, n’était pas ou peu développé, surtout à l’université. Quelle est alors l’influence du numérique sur ces logiques disciplinaires? Seraient-elles dépassées par le numérique? L’article interroge en creux les logiques par lesquelles les dispositifs et contenus numériques sont pensés à l’université : une offre qui ferait l’économie d’une analyse des principes de différenciation internes à l’université ne serait-elle pas vouée à n’avoir qu’un impact limité?
“AYAS”: From Aerospace Club to Aerospace Society
Authors: Grigoryan Avetik E.
Published: April 2021

The history of educational activity and linking the education with research in the aerospace-related areas in Armenia is presented – all the way from the creation of an extra-curricular study group for school students dubbed the "AYAS" Aerospace Club to the foundation of the "AYAS" Aerospace Society.
Toplumsal Değişimin Bir Göstergesi Olarak Gençlerin Evliliğe Yönelik Tutumları
Authors: ERKOL Mehmet , ŞAHİN Meryem , AVCI Şehriban
Published: April 2021

Türkiye’de yaşanan sosyo-ekonomik dönüşümden en fazla etkilenen kurumların başında aile gelmektedir. Aile kurmanın ilk aşaması olan evlilik de yaşanan bu süreçten etkilenmektedir. Dünyadaki gelişmelere paralel olarak evlenme yaşının yükselmesi, bekâr kalma, evlilik dışı cinsellik, alternatif birlikteliklerin yaygın hale gelmesi gibi durumlar evliliğe ilişkin tutumların değiştiğini düşündürmektedir. Bununla birlikte sosyal bilimlerde evlilik etrafında yapılan tartışmalarda bu değişim yeterince ilgi görmemektedir. Araştırma, toplumun en dinamik unsuru olan gençlerin evlenme yaşı ve evlilikle ilişkili algılarını anlamaya çalışan nitel bir araştırmadır. Araştırma yaşları 20 ile 27 arasında değişen 28 üniversite öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik yaklaşımla yürütülen araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş; gençlerin ideal evlilik yaşı algıları, evlilik ve aileye bakışları araştırılmıştır. Buna göre çoğunlukla 25 ve üzeri yaşta evlenmeyi idealleştirdikleri görülmüştür. İdeal evlilik yaşında ön plana çıkan faktörler ekonomik bağımsızlık kazanma, eğitimi tamamlama, özgürlüğün kısıtlanmasını istememe, olgunlaşma, kariyer yapmadır. Gençlerin evliliği erteleme eğiliminde olmalarına rağmen, evlenmeye ilişkin motivasyonlarının olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına göre gençler evliliği hayatın önemli bir parçası olarak görmekle birlikte, içinde bulundukları yaş döneminde evliliğe hazır olmadıklarını düşünmekte, daha ideal bir evlilik için evliliği erteleme eğiliminde olmaktadırlar. Evliliğin ertelenmesinde ekonomik engellerle birlikte, gençlerin anlam dünyalarındaki sosyolojik ve psikolojik bariyerlerin de etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
Alman Dışişleri Bakanlığı Belgelerinde Türk-Alman İttifakı Yorumları 1925-1926
Authors: ALKAN Resul
Published: April 2021

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Türk-Alman ittifakının kilit noktalarında görev almış olan diplomat ve subayların yayınladıkları eserler ve yorumlar 1920’li yıllardan itibaren iki ülke arasında gerçekleşen ortak yakın tarih tartışmalarının ana ekseninde yer almıştır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın başlangıcında Osmanlı Devleti’nin Berlin Büyükelçisi Mahmud Muhtar Paşa’nın hatıratı ve Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün mülakatı, makalemizin içeriğini oluşturan kaynaklardandır. Hatıratlarında, gerek Mustafa Kemal Atatürk gerekse Muhtar Paşa, Türk-Alman ittifakının dönemin askeri ve politik gelişmeleri dikkate alındığında Osmanlı için kaçınılmaz bir tercih olduğunu, fakat savaş öncesi ittifak kararının Enver Paşa tarafından tek başına verilmiş olması ve savaşın başlangıcıyla beraber- Osmanlı Devlet adamlarının onayı çervesinde- Osmanlı ordusunun kararlarının Alman askeri heyet mensupları ve generallerin tercihlerine terk edildiğininin ve ordu içerisinde alınan kararların Milli menfaatlere uygun kararlar olmadığının altını çizmektedir. İttifak tartışmalarının iki ülke basını tarafından bir siyasi polemiğe dönüştürülmesine engel olan Alman Büyükelçi Rudolf Nadolny, Türkiye ile Almanya arasında 1920’li yılların ortalarından itibaren gelişmekte olan ekonomik ilişkilerin bu tartışmalardan zarar görmemesi icin özel bir hassasiyet göstermiş ve tartışmaların daha da büyümemesi adına taraflarla yakın ve yapıcı bir diyalog kurmuştur. Makalemizin kapsamında incelenen eserlerden yola çıkarak Türk tarafindan ve Alman tarafindan ortaya atılan iddaları kuruluş aşamasında olan iki ulus devletin tarih yazımının bir parçası olarak yorumlayabiliriz
Trabzon’daki Ayasofya Kilisesi’nin Kayıp Omphalionu
Authors: KAYA İlkgül
Published: April 2021

Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun başkenti Konstantinopolis’in 1204’te Latinler tarafından işgali, devletin yeni bir merkezden idare edilmesi zorunluluğunu doğurmuştu. Bu merkezlerden biri olan Trabzon’da, Komnenos hanedanlığından Aleksios ve David tarafından yeni bir devletin temeli atıldı. Kentte 13. yüzyılda süren imar faaliyetinde duvar resimleri, taş süslemeler ve yer mozaikleriyle zengin dekorasyona sahip birkaç kilise inşa edildi. Bu yapılar ve dekorasyonları Konstantinopolis’in mimari ve sanatsal üslubunun devamıdır. Trabzon yapılarının döşemelerinde, başkent ve başkent etkisini yansıtan yapılarda benzerlerini gördüğümüz geometrik kompozisyonlar yer alır. Bu bağlamda, Ayasofya Kilisesi’nin döşemeleri başkent üslubunu yansıtan iyi bir örnektir. Döşeme kilisenin naosunda, ana kubbeyi taşıyan dört sütun arasındaki 6.20 metrekarelik bölümde yer alır. Döşemenin merkezinde daire biçimli bir omphalion bulunmaktaydı. Levha 1860’larda yerinden sökülerek bir süre Kromni’deki Meryem’in Doğumu Kilisesi’nde tutulmuştu. 1924’te Karadeniz bölgesinden ayrılan Rumlar tarafından omphalion Selanik’e götürüldü. Aziz Georgios Rotondu’nun arkeolojik koleksiyonunda korunan eser, sonradan bugünkü yerine, Selanik’teki Bizans Kültürü Müzesi’ne taşındı. Bu çalışmanın amacı omphalionun kayıp olmayıp, yerinden söküldüğünü bilim dünyasına duyurmak ve Bizans yer döşemelerinde benzerini başka yerde görmediğimiz, omphaliondaki “tavşan avlayan kartal” tasvirinin ikonografisi ve köken sorununu ele almaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda, Antik Çağdan ve Bizans Dönemi’nden farklı eser gruplarındaki kartal, avcı kartal konulu paralel tasvirler yardımıyla genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Türkiye’de Sosyal Güvenlik Harcamaları ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Eşbütünleşme Analizi ve Granger Nedensellik Testi
Authors: ÜNAL Selcan , AFŞAR Bilge
Published: April 2021

Sosyal güvenlik harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi ile ilgili literatürde iki farklı görüş bulunmaktadır. Sosyal güvenlik harcamaları bir kamu harcamasıdır. Buna bağlı olarak, klasikler sosyal güvenlik harcamalarında gerçekleşecek artışın büyümeyi negatif etkileyeceğini savunur. Keynesyenlere göre ise bu tür harcamalardaki artış büyümeyi daha da artıracaktır. Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de sosyal güvenlik harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeye etkisinin olup olmadığını, etkisi var ise ne yönde olduğunu bulmaktır. Çalışmada 1975 ile 2017 dönemi arasında sosyal güvenlik harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki zamansal nedensellik ilişkisi incelenmektedir. Sosyal güvenlik harcamaları değişkeni olarak konsolide bütçe içerisinde sosyal güvenlik harcamalarının yüzdesel oranı verisi ve ekonomik büyüme değişkeni olarak gayrisafi yurtiçi hasılanın bir önceki yıla göre yüzdesel değişim verisi kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Johansen (1988), Johansen ve Juselius (1990) ve Johansen (1991) çalışmalarında yer alan Johansen eşbütünleşme testi uygulanarak modeller için uzun dönemli ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırma neticesinde değişkenler arasında uzun dönem eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal Güvenlik Harcamalarında gerçekleşen her 1 puanlık artışın ekonomik büyümede 1.05 puan artışa sebep olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Değişkenler arasında nedensellik olup olmadığını araştırmak için Granger(1969) nedensellik testi yapılmıştır. Sosyal güvenlik harcamalarının ekonomik büyümenin nedeni olduğu fakat ekonomik büyümenin sosyal güvenlik harcamalarının nedeni olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A Case of Self-Induced Hydrostatic Colonic Perforation
Authors: Ali Alzahrani Hassan
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Constipation is a common complaint. The elderly are five times more prone to constipation than young people because of the effects of medication, immobility, and a blunted urge to defecate. Many of these patients are demented, have cognitive deficits, or suffer from a psychiatric disorder.

Colonic perforation caused by hydrostatic pressure is rare, and this typically occurs during fluoroscopic studies resulting when there is excessive intraluminal colonic pressure. Self-induced colonic perforation is even rarer.

Case report: We report the case of a 95-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with an acute surgical abdomen and symptoms of sepsis. He had a history of longstanding constipation. He gave a history of frequent insertion of a rubber hose into his anal canal to relieve his constipation while rinsing his anus after defecation. After resuscitation, an emergency operation was performed, and sigmoid colon perforation was found in addition to pre-existing diverticular disease. Hartmann’s procedure was performed after abdominal washout. Unfortunately, the patient died of multi-organ failure two days after surgery.

Conclusion: Self-induced hydrostatic colonic perforation is rare. The consequence is fatal, especially in the elderly or in cases of delayed presentation.
El acompañamiento pedagógico en centros educativos de difícil desempeño: un derecho de los docentes nóveles.
Authors: MARTÍN CUADRADO ANA MARÍA , Corral Carrillo María José , Estrada Parra Antonio Fernando
Published: April 2021

La mentoría como programa de formación en el inicio de la vida profesional del docente principiante se presenta como una oportunidad para la mejora de la calidad de las instituciones educativas y de sus agentes. Al mismo tiempo, revierte sobre la comunidad y el territorio donde se ubica. En contextos reconocidos como vulnerables se necesitan agentes educativos vocacionales y con un alto nivel de resiliencia, y con una meta clara: formar a personas plenas que contribuyan con su sentir, ser y hacer al desarrollo de la comunidad en la que habitan.
Estado contra familiares de vítimas? O Massacre do Carandiru e os limites das ações judiciais de indenização em casos de graves violações de direitos humanos
Authors: Machado Marta Rodriguez de Assis , Machado Maíra Rocha , Fonseca Anderson Lobo da
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um quadro geral das ações de indenização propostas pelos familiares das vítimas do Massacre do Carandiru e discutir as implicações e limitações deste modelo de reparação em casos de graves violações de direitos humanos. A obtenção do material empírico se deu a partir de três estratégias: (i) buscas de ações de indenização no site do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo (TJSP) e no site da Associação dos Advogados de São Paulo (AASP); (ii) celebração de termo de cooperação técnica com a Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo para acessar as ações que foram iniciadas pela Procuradoria de Assistência Judiciária (PAJ); e (iii) consulta de precatórios disponibilizados pelo TJSP. Como resultado, aponta-se que das 73 ações identificadas nesta pesquisa, 43 foram julgadas procedentes pelo Judiciário e tiveram a indenização disponibilizada aos familiares. Ademais, articula-se o quadro obtido pela pesquisa com exemplos de outros modelos de indenização de familiares em casos de graves violações de direitos humanos e com os parâmetros estabelecidos no campo do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos – especialmente na órbita do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos – sobre a abrangência do significado da reparação às vítimas. Como conclusão, aponta-se a ausência de uma política de reparação de vítimas de violações de direitos humanos pelo Estado brasileiro, na contramão da tendência do quadro normativo internacional, que aponta para uma ampliação dos direitos das vítimas e dos sentidos da reparação.
Precedente administrativo ou jurisprudência administrativa: a força normativa do art. 30 da Lei de Introdução às normas do Direito Brasileiro
Authors: Heinen Juliano
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho pretende analisar a aplicação jurídica e os efeitos gerados com a vigência do artigo 30 da Lei de Introdução às normas do Direito Brasileiro, percebendo o que é alterado no contexto jurídico nacional. Primeiro, diferencia-se jurisprudência de precedente. Por conseguinte, esses conceitos são transportados ao contexto do processo administrativo. Com base nessas premissas teórico-dogmáticas, analisam-se os efeitos do referido dispositivo legal. Ao final será apresentada sua utilidade e suas possibilidades de aplicação pelos juristas. Para dar um caráter pragmático, entrega-se, derradeiramente, uma metodologia de como aplicar objetivamente o dispositivo legal analisado. Assim, a presente pesquisa contém uma lista de limites e possibilidades para a aplicação teórico-pragmática do instituto, a partir da revisão bibliográfica proposta. Optou-se por estruturar a pesquisa por meio do método de abordagem dedutivo e exploratório, conformando o detalhamento do tema a partir de precisões dogmáticas, para se conseguir alcançar as conclusões, respondendo quais são os limites e possibilidade de aplicação do mencionado artigo 30 da referida legislação.
A abordagem dos direitos humanos na atuação da Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Ribeiro Karla Pinhel , Bergamini Nicole França
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa pretende investigar se uma releitura dos princípios de direito internacional público presentes na delimitação da jurisdição da Corte Penal Internacional pode viabilizar uma atuação mais eficaz da Corte, baseada na soberania popular, no human rights approach e no diálogo entre a jurisdição penal internacional e a nacional. Nesse panorama, estabeleceu-se o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Como uma abordagem baseada no human rights approach pode tornar a atuação da Corte Penal Internacional mais efetiva para populações que sofrem pela perpetração dos crimes definidos no Estatuto de Roma? Realizou-se o exame da conexão entre as normas de jurisdição decorrentes dos princípios baseados no state approach e as adversidades encontradas pela comunidade internacional para uma atuação eficaz da Corte Penal Internacional, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e análise jurisprudencial, seguidas pela verificação da viabilidade em se usar o human rights approach para solucionar problemas de eficácia enfrentados pela Corte. O material utilizado foi composto por livros, artigos científicos e outras publicações em periódicos, bem como pela coleta de informações veiculadas pelos Estados-partes do Estatuto de Roma. Assim, verificou-se a emergência do paradigma pautado no human rights approach no direito internacional público, em especial no ordenamento jurídico da Corte Penal Internacional, cuja eclosão apresenta uma oportunidade para uma atuação mais eficaz da Corte, voltada para o desenvolvimento comunitário.
Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in Personal and Family Savings in Albania
Authors: Fejzaj Elona , Kapaj Ilir , Kapaj Ana Mane
Published: April 2021

The coronavirus outbreak, Covid-19, began in December 31, 2019 in Wuhan, China and quite quickly was spread in 212 countries and territories around the world. In Albania the first cases of Covid-19 were confirmed in March 2020. Covid -19 pandemic emergency has transformed into a worldwide financial emergency, putting in danger the wellbeing, occupations and salaries of millions of individuals around the planet. Coronavirus devastatingly affects the monetary security and prosperity of families. Since March 2020, the world economy has shed more than 13.3 million positions – 55% of them lost by ladies – setting off broad joblessness and sharp decreases in family incomes. Albania has been hit by two crushing stuns with hardly a pause in between: The November 2019 earth quake and the Covid-19 pandemic in spring 2020 that has frozen huge pieces of the economy. These stuns rule ongoing financial turns of events and the close term viewpoint for the economy. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact that Covid-19, has had in personal income and also in the way that Albanian react in this situation related to family savings. To fulfil this objective, primary data are collected for the Tirana commune and its surroundings. In order to administer a considerable amount of data, a number of 1500 randomly selected individuals have been directly interviewed. From the data analysis we have concluded that most of the independent factors that we have chosen are significant in the three models. Also from the survey we have seen that the majority of the have changed their way of thinking related to personal and family savings. And as the main reason form this, they have listed the pandemic situation.
El construccionismo social en la conducta suicida: conversaciones narrativas con estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Gómez Tabares Anyerson Stiths , Rojas González Jennifer
Published: April 2021

En este artículo presentamos los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo compren-der los significados que los estudiantes de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó de Manizales (Colom-bia) les dan a sus experiencias relacionales, en el contexto familiar y social, identificando aquellos aspectos de las relaciones que pueden ser factores protectores del riesgo suicida. Es una investiga-ción de corte cualitativo con un diseño hermenéutico, siendo la narrativa la estrategia para la pro-ducción dialógica. Tomamos como categorías de análisis los significados atribuidos a las relaciones con la familia, con los amigos y en el propio contexto investigativo. Encontramos que son factores protectores del riesgo suicida: la aceptación, la confianza y la posibilidad de ser auténtico y de ex-presarse libremente. Consideramos el potencial preventivo de las conversaciones narrativas basadas en el reconocimiento y el diálogo en las relaciones interpersonales.
WISE: MQTT-based Protocol for IP Device Provisioning and Abstraction in IoT Solutions
Authors: Papp Istvan , Pavlovic Roman , Antic Marija
Published: April 2021

Although numerous consumer devices use Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol stack to connect and communicate over the Internet, their integration into a single Internet of Things (IoT) solution represents a challenge, primarily due to the lack of the standardized interoperability framework on the application layer. Devices produced by different manufacturers cannot operate together out of the box, thus raising the cost of system setup and maintenance. In this paper, a novel protocol is proposed that aims to bridge this gap. It is based on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol and allows the seamless integration of different kinds of IP devices into the connected system. The proposed protocol is complete as it covers the aspects of device discovery and association in the IoT network. It provides mechanisms for IoT network maintenance and defines the abstract device model and communication patterns to enable system-wide device interoperability. The other goal of the protocol is to be portable to resource-constrained platforms. To validate the proposed protocol, it was integrated into the existing smart home hub, and for testing and validation purposes, prototype devices were developed.
Attitudes toward the influx of anglicisms in the Georgian language
Authors: Gumbaridze Zhuzhuna
Published: April 2021

The article explores the use of English lexemes in Georgian informational-analytical electronic journals and discusses different approaches to the influx of Anglicisms. The paper highlights the fact that attention-drawing strands through intensive use of English vocabulary in journalists’ speech leads to an encounter with a number of English terms that do not fit the current standard of normative speech in Georgian. Nevertheless, the paper asserts that the influx of English lexemes in the Georgian language is predominantly caused by speakers’ desire for economy of form. Instead of providing a partial semantic or explanatory equivalent in their native language, speakers attempt to cover a complex or abstract notion by a straightforward, laconic English lexeme. The study maintains the idea that such non-native units appear to be more cognitively secure and semantically valid. They operate from the solid foundation of the source language and contribute mainly to the formation of syntagmatic units with strong predictability of a new flow of loanword integration into Georgian.
Mitigated request speech acts in learner discourse
Authors: Huschová Petra
Published: April 2021

This paper is concerned with the usage of directive speech acts in the Czech Students’ Spoken English (CSSE) corpus, particularly with requests produced by Czech EFL undergraduate learners in role-play tasks. It aims to investigate request modifications, focusing primarily on identifying syntactic and lexical devices within the request head act that mitigate the imposition of requests. The findings indicate that Czech learners prefer syntactic mitigating devices, whereas the range of lexical internal modifiers employed is limited. Finally, the paper briefly comments on the students’ linguistic and pragmatic competence in producing requests for information
Plague, Prejudice, and Possibility
Authors: Callan Maeve ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

This essay explores connections between the fourteenth-century “Black Death” and the current COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the ways in which prejudice and inequality exacerbate their impacts and considering how the upheaval created by catastrophe creates opportunity for greater equity and community, but also exploitation and oppression, depending on human response.
Weightier Matters
Authors: Adae Eric Kwame ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Trendwatchers have spotted some seismic shifts in relations between business and politics. Particularly, Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are increasingly weighing in on greater good issues. Although a global phenomenon, current CEO activism scholarship reflects a Western focus; an ideological bias for modernist perspectives; a preponderance of White male CEO voices, and the relative elision of female activist CEOs. While, generally, no empirically-based typology of the sociopolitical issues that matter to activist CEOs exists, the specific range of causes of particular concern to non-Western CEO activists is neatly absent. This paper addresses all of these concerns, offering an inquiry into the emerging CEO activism phenomenon in the Ghanaian non-Western sociocultural milieu. Data collection entailed three separate rounds of fieldwork that saw long interviews with a corps of 24 self-identified informants, featuring an even split of men and women activist CEOs. The hermeneutic phenomenological theme-based approach guided data analysis. Following extant brand activism models, a typology of six clusters of CEO activism issues is offered that highlights the weightier matters of sociocultural activism, environmental activism, business/workplace activism, political activism, legal activism, and economic activism. Sociocultural issues include Ghana’s fight against COVID-19, where activist CEOs pooled resources to construct and equip a new multimillion dollar 100-bed infectious diseases hospital facility, embarked on risk communication campaigns, donated critical health supplies, funded the screening and testing of employees, provided food and essential supplies to vulnerable groups, and called out the government for lapses in the management of this health crisis. Besides internationalizing CEO activism studies for the strategic communications, leadership, business ethics and responsible management fields, the results suggest the need to consider the perspectives of CEO activists in non- Western societies. This paper contributes mainly to current discussions in CEO activism (aka corporate social advocacy) and brand activism. It contributes to other theoretical and conceptual streams, including covenantal notions of public relations, Caritas, Ubuntu Philosophy, Africapitalism, and postmodern values in strategic communication. This paper contributes to the upper echelon perspective; insider activism; sustainability transitions; and current discussions concerning how to address issues of diversity, equity, inclusivity, and social justice in the public relations literature. Policy implications are laid out, and areas for future research are indicated.
The Rhetoric of Demonic Repetition
Authors: Grimwood Tom ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

A number of writers have recently challenged the notion of the demonic as mere superstition, arguing for a need to understand the demonic in terms of the often-obscured ways in which it operates in relation to contemporary thought and critique. Building on this, this paper offers an analysis of the demonic as a rhetorical concept. Moving beyond the notion of the demonic as simply a trope at the disposal of a speaker or writer, the paper explores how the expression of the demonic performs a more foundational, repetitive, and indeed, deceptively banal role in shaping the discourses it inhabits. This precedes and frames the ethico-political discourses on evil commonly associated with demonology today.
The Poetic Task of “Becoming Homely”
Authors: Swazo Norman Kenneth ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

In view of intensified danger from multiple causes manifesting what Heidegger understood as the rule of planetary technology and the possibility of pitting meditative thinking (besinnliches Denken) against the dominant calculative thinking (rechnendes Denken), there is enhanced need to think further Heidegger’s turn to the poetic word of Hölderlin. Here Heidegger’s attentiveness to Hölderlin’s “The Ister” is engaged with a view to clarifying the significance of “becoming homely” and “dwelling” as part of the task of thinking required of Western humanity if it is to appropriate a “second beginning” such as Heidegger intimates possible. Absent this thinking, the “first beginning” initiated in Greek antiquity promises a thoroughly techno-cratic world order.
Takaful insurance in theory and practice
Authors: Lekpek Ahmedin , Ibrović Semir
Published: April 2021

Islam attaches great importance to insurance, as an instrument of protection of the individual and the community, and considers it an indispensable element of the process of achieving socio-economic justice in society. Consequently, in the Islamic concept of insurance, the social component dominates over the commercial component. However, requirements of the modern environment have made it necessary to have Shariah-acceptable commercial insurance. Given that conventional insurance models are largely Shariah non-compliant, Takaful insurance has been developed to meet the needs of individuals and institutions that want to be insured in accordance with Shariah principles. In this paper, we will analyze the process of evolution of Takaful insurance, its types and models, perform a comparative analysis of Takaful and conventional insurance, reviewing arguments in favor of Shariah specific nature of conventional insurance, and finally, list the challenges of implementing Takaful insurance in practice.