bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary conservation and over-representation of functionally enriched network patterns in the yeast regulatory network
Authors: Meshi Ofer , Shlomi Tomer , Ruppin Eytan
Published: January 2007

Background

Localized network patterns are assumed to represent an optimal design principle in different biological networks. A widely used method for identifying functional components in biological networks is looking for network motifs – over-represented network patterns. A number of recent studies have undermined the claim that these over-represented patterns are indicative of optimal design principles and question whether localized network patterns are indeed of functional significance. This paper examines the functional significance of regulatory network patterns via their biological annotation and evolutionary conservation.

Results

We enumerate all 3-node network patterns in the regulatory network of the yeast S. cerevisiae and examine the biological GO annotation and evolutionary conservation of their constituent genes. Specific 3-node patterns are found to be functionally enriched in different exogenous cellular conditions and thus may represent significant functional components. These functionally enriched patterns are composed mainly of recently evolved genes suggesting that there is no evolutionary pressure acting to preserve such functionally enriched patterns. No correlation is found between over-representation of network patterns and functional enrichment.

Conclusion

The findings of functional enrichment support the view that network patterns constitute an important design principle in regulatory networks. However, the wildly used method of over-representation for detecting motifs is not suitable for identifying functionally enriched patterns.
Accurate, precise modeling of cell proliferation kinetics from time-lapse imaging and automated image analysis of agar yeast culture arrays
Authors: Shah Najaf A , Laws Richard J , Wardman Bradley , Zhao Lue Ping , Hartman John L
Published: January 2007

Background

Genome-wide mutant strain collections have increased demand for high throughput cellular phenotyping (HTCP). For example, investigators use HTCP to investigate interactions between gene deletion mutations and additional chemical or genetic perturbations by assessing differences in cell proliferation among the collection of 5000 S. cerevisiae gene deletion strains. Such studies have thus far been predominantly qualitative, using agar cell arrays to subjectively score growth differences. Quantitative systems level analysis of gene interactions would be enabled by more precise HTCP methods, such as kinetic analysis of cell proliferation in liquid culture by optical density. However, requirements for processing liquid cultures make them relatively cumbersome and low throughput compared to agar. To improve HTCP performance and advance capabilities for quantifying interactions, YeastXtract software was developed for automated analysis of cell array images.

Results

YeastXtract software was developed for kinetic growth curve analysis of spotted agar cultures. The accuracy and precision for image analysis of agar culture arrays was comparable to OD measurements of liquid cultures. Using YeastXtract, image intensity vs. biomass of spot cultures was linearly correlated over two orders of magnitude. Thus cell proliferation could be measured over about seven generations, including four to five generations of relatively constant exponential phase growth. Spot area normalization reduced the variation in measurements of total growth efficiency. A growth model, based on the logistic function, increased precision and accuracy of maximum specific rate measurements, compared to empirical methods. The logistic function model was also more robust against data sparseness, meaning that less data was required to obtain accurate, precise, quantitative growth phenotypes.

Conclusion

Microbial cultures spotted onto agar media are widely used for genotype-phenotype analysis, however quantitative HTCP methods capable of measuring kinetic growth rates have not been available previously. YeastXtract provides objective, automated, quantitative, image analysis of agar cell culture arrays. Fitting the resulting data to a logistic equation-based growth model yields robust, accurate growth rate information. These methods allow the incorporation of imaging and automated image analysis of cell arrays, grown on solid agar media, into HTCP-driven experimental approaches, such as global, quantitative analysis of gene interaction networks.
Incidence of low central venous oxygen saturation during unplanned admissions in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit: an observational study
Authors: Bracht Hendrik , Hänggi Matthias , Jeker Barbara , Wegmüller Ninja , Porta Francesca , Tüller David , Takala Jukka , Jakob Stephan M
Published: January 2007

Introduction

It has been shown that early central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2)-guided optimization of hemodynamics can improve outcome in septic patients. The early ScvO2 profile of other patient groups is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize unplanned admissions in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) with respect to ScvO2 and outcome.

Methods

Ninety-eight consecutive unplanned admissions to a multidisciplinary ICU (median age 63 [range 19 to 83] years, median Simplified Acute Physiology Score [SAPS II] 43 [range 11 to 92]) with a clinical indication for a central venous catheter were included in the study. ScvO2 was assessed at ICU arrival and six hours later but was not used to guide treatment. Length of stay in ICU (LOSICU) and in hospital (LOShospital) and 28-day mortality were recorded.

Results

ScvO2 was 70% ± 12% (mean ± standard deviation) at admission and 71% ± 10% six hours later (p = 0.484). Overall 28-day mortality was 18%, LOSICU was 3 (1 to 28) days, and LOShospital was 19 (1 to 28) days. Patients with an ScvO2 of less than 60% at admission had higher mortality than patients with an ScvO2 of more than 60% (29% versus 17%, p < 0.05). Changes in ScvO2 during the first six hours were not predictive of LOSICU, LOShospital, or mortality.

Conclusion

Low ScvO2 in unplanned admissions and high SAPS II are associated with increased mortality. Standard ICU treatment increased ScvO2 in patients with a low admission ScvO2, but the increase was not associated with LOSICU or LOShospital.
Splanchnic ischemia and reperfusion injury is reduced by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TNF-α
Authors: Esposito Emanuela , Mazzon Emanuela , Muià Carmelo , Meli Rosaria , Sessa Edoardo , Cuzzocrea Salvatore
Published: January 2007

In the present study, we used TNF-α receptor 1 knockout (TNF-αR1KO) mice to evaluate a possible role of TNF-α on the pathogenesis of ischemia and reperfusion injury of the multivisceral organs. Ischemia and reperfusion injury was induced in mice by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac artery for 30 min, followed thereafter by reperfusion. Sixty minutes after reperfusion, animals were killed for histological examination and biochemical studies. Injured wild-type (WT) mice developed a significant increase of ileum TNF-α levels, myeloperoxidase activity, and marked histological injury and apoptosis. Ischemia and reperfusion injury of the multivisceral organs was also associated with a significant mortality. Reperfused ileum sections from injured WT mice showed positive staining for P-selectin, VCAM, ICAM-1, and E-selectin. The intensity and degree of P-selectin, E-selectin, VCAM, and ICAM-1 were reduced markedly in tissue sections from injured TNF-αR1KO mice. Ischemia and reperfusion-injured TNF-αR1KO mice also showed a significant reduction of neutrophil infiltration into the intestine, a reduction of apoptosis, an improved histological status of the intestine, and survival. In addition, we investigated the effect of Etanercept, a TNF-α soluble receptor construct, on ischemia and reperfusion injury of the multivisceral organs. Etanercept (5 mg/kg administered i.p. 5 min prior to reperfusion) significantly reduced the inflammatory response and the ileum injury. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that TNF-α plays an important role in the ischemia and reperfusion injury and put forward the hypothesis that modulation of TNF-α expression may represent a novel and possible strategy.
Seismic time-frequency spectral decomposition by matching pursuit
Authors: Wang Yanghua
Published: January 2007

A seismic trace may be decomposed into a series of wavelets that match their time-frequency signature by using a matching pursuit algorithm, an iterative procedure of wavelet selection among a large and redundant dictionary. For reflection seismic signals, the Morlet wavelet may be employed, because it can represent quantitatively the energy attenuation and velocity dispersion of acoustic waves propagating through porous media. The efficiency of an adaptive wavelet selection is improved by making first a preliminary estimate and then a localized refining search, whereas complex-trace attributes and derived analytical expressions are also used in various stages. For a constituent wavelet, the scale is an important adaptive parameter that controls the width of wavelet in time and the bandwidth of the frequency spectrum. After matching pursuit decomposition, deleting wavelets with either very small or very large scale values can suppress spikes and sinusoid functions effectively from the time-frequency spectrum. This time-frequency spectrum may be used in turn for lithological analysis—for instance, detection of a gas reservoir. Investigation shows that the low-frequency shadow associated with a carbonate gas reservoir still exists, even high-frequency amplitudes are compensated by inverse-[Formula: see text] filtering.
Straightforward inversion of MT data using a normalized impedance function
Authors: Niwas Sri , Gupta P. K. , Gaur V. K.
Published: January 2007

We present a new algorithm for 1D magnetotelluric (MT) data inversion. It inverts a normalized impedance response function derived from the classical Cagniard impedance function. The scheme transforms the nonlinear problem of estimating layer resistivities and thicknesses into a linear problem of estimating the coefficients of power series of the new response function. This is achieved by working with a model where each layer has a thickness of constant penetration. The first coefficient of the series provides top-layer resistivity, which, in conjunction with the constant penetration parameter, then provides the layer thickness. The scheme employs a recurrence relation developed between the coefficients of the power series of two successive layers. This relation is used to continue downward and estimate the remaining layer resistivities and thicknesses. The scheme has been tested on a synthetic model and on three well-studied data sets relating to deep, intermediate, and shallow exploration.
Least-squares attenuation of reverse-time-migration artifacts
Authors: Guitton Antoine , Kaelin Bruno , Biondi Biondo
Published: January 2007

Reverse-time-migration artifacts occur when diving waves, head waves or backscattered waves crosscorrelate. These events are particularly strong where high velocity contrasts exist. Simple filtering of the final image can lead to good results but might compromise the integrity of the signal of interest. We demonstrate that a better technique is to apply least-squares filtering with prediction-error filters, a method traditionally used for S/N separation.
A laboratory study to determine the effect of iron oxides on proton NMR measurements
Authors: Keating Kristina , Knight Rosemary
Published: January 2007

Using laboratory methods, we investigate the effect of the presence and mineralogic form of iron on measured proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation rates. Five samples of quartz sand were coated with ferrihydrite, goethite, hematite, lepidocrocite, and magnetite. The relaxation rates for these iron-oxide-coated sands saturated with water were measured and compared to the relaxation rate of quartz sand saturated with water. We found that the presence of the iron oxides led to increases in the relaxation rates by increasing the surface relaxation rate. The magnitude of the surface relaxation rate was different for the various iron-oxide minerals because of changes in both the surface-area-to-volume ratio of the pore space, and the surface relaxivity. The relaxation rate of the magnetite-coated sand was further increased because of internal magnetic field gradients caused by the presence of magnetite. We conclude that both the concentration and mineralogical form of iron can have a significant impact on NMR relaxation behavior.
Estimating attenuation and the relative information content of amplitude and phase spectra
Authors: Rickett James
Published: January 2007

Seismic attenuation affects both the amplitude and phase of seismic waves. Algorithms to estimate attenuation are split among those that use amplitude information (e.g., spectral-ratio method), those that use phase information (e.g., rise-time method), and those that use a combination of both (e.g., time-domain algorithms). In this study, I explore the relative information provided by amplitude and phase spectra. To do this, I show how the difference in phase spectra between waveforms recorded at two depth levels can be used to estimate attenuation. This phase-difference method is analogous to the method of spectral ratios, but uses phase information rather than amplitude information. Under the simplifying assumption that the noise in both log-amplitude and phase spectra can be modeled as uncorrelated Gaussian random variables with equal variance, the posterior variances in the attenuation estimates from the spectral-ratio and phase-difference methods can be compared directly. It turns out that over typical seismic bandwidths and typical levels of attenuation, the relative uncertainty in estimates of attenuation from phase spectra is approximately twice the relative uncertainty in estimates of attenuation from log-amplitude spectra. Including phase and amplitude information simultaneously (as opposed to just amplitude information) reduces the relative uncertainty by only about 10% over seismic bandwidths. This reduction in uncertainty is not large, but may be significant depending on the sensitivity of the application.
Differential Effectiveness in Patient Protection Laws: What Are the Causes? An Example from the Drive-Through Delivery Laws
Authors: Dow William H. , Harris Dean M. , Liu Zhimei
Published: January 2007

In the mid-1990s, many states as well as the federal government began to regulate early postpartum hospital discharge. Length-of-stay patterns changed markedly in response, but effects were much greater in some states than others. In particular, laws directly empowering patients appeared more effective than laws requiring providers to follow practice guidelines. In addition, the effectiveness of regulation could potentially be influenced by state environment, such as managed care penetration as well as exposure to media attention and public pressure on the issue, though these factors alone were insufficient to cause general behavior change. Furthermore, the 1996 federal law had little effect beyond state laws, suggesting that it did not provide substantial benefits to women in self-insured plans exempted from state law regulation by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act. Findings from this study could provide lessons for similar patient protection initiatives.
Should Providers Be Allowed to Extra Bill for Uncovered Services? Debate, Resolution, and Sequel in Japan
Authors: Ikegami Naoki
Published: January 2007

Japan has managed to provide universal coverage at relatively low cost by containing prices and restricting the conditions for which services can be billed in the compulsory social health insurance (SHI) program. However, decline in Japan's economic growth ushered in new actors backed by the prime minister who proposed that the providers should be allowed to extra bill for services not covered by the SHI. In 2004 they took the strategy of drawing the attention of the public to areas where the rigidity of the current prohibition appeared to be unfair and ridiculous. They were opposed by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare and the Japan Medical Association, who strongly objected on the grounds of safety and equity. The compromise reached by the two ministers in charge led to a clarification of the services that are to be covered and of the process for extending coverage to new procedures and drugs. The prohibition on extra billing has remained essentially unchanged, but the momentum for deregulation has been lost. In 2005 an alternate proposal was made to contain SHI expenditures by introducing a global cap on health expenditures and increasing out-of-pocket payment. Although this proposal was not fully adopted, the gradual decline in SHI benefit levels could lead to a renewed move to allow extra billing.
Trajectories and predictors of anxiety and depression in women during the 12 months following an acute cardiac event
Authors: Murphy Barbara M. , Elliott Peter C. , Worcester Marian U. C. , Higgins Rosemary O. , Le Grande Michael R. , Roberts Susan B. , Goble Alan J.
Published: January 2007

Objectives. Many previous investigations of the recovery of emotional well‐being, particularly the resolution of depression, following an acute cardiac event assume that all patients follow a similar, linear trajectory. However, it is possible that there are different groups of patients who follow different trajectories. This study tested for multiple trajectories of anxiety and depression and identified the characteristics of patients most at risk for persistent or worsening anxiety and depression in the 12 months following their cardiac event.

Method. A consecutive sample of 226 women was interviewed following either acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were administered on four occasions over 12 months. Growth curve and growth mixture modelling were used to identify trajectories of change and univariate tests were employed to establish predictors of each trajectory.

Results. Most women began with relatively low levels of anxiety and/or depression that improved over the 12 month period (84% women showed this trajectory for anxiety, 89% for depression). A smaller group began with relatively high levels of anxiety and/or depression that worsened over time (16% for anxiety, 11% for depression). Patients in the latter group were more likely to report high levels of loneliness, have a first language other than English, perceive their cardiac disease as more severe (anxiety group only) and have diabetes (depression group only). Trajectories were non‐linear, with most change occurring in the initial 2‐month period.

Conclusion. Growth modelling techniques highlight that change in anxiety and depression following an acute event follows neither a single nor linear trajectory. Most women showed early resolution of anxiety and depression following their event, indicative of a normal bereavement or adjustment response. A minority of women reported worsening anxiety and/or depression in the year following their cardiac event, particularly those who lacked social support or were from non‐English speaking backgrounds. Intervention studies to explore support options for these women are warranted, both prior to and following their event.
Who Has the Power? Challenging Traditional State Authority to Regulate GMOs in New Zealand
Authors: Taylor Prue
Published: January 2007

This paper begins by outlining the concept of multi-level environmental governance, as it will be used for the purpose of considering the three potential responses available to central government. This is followed by a brief discussion of the constitutional context within which this conflict over GMO regulation is occurring. The specific factual and legal background is then introduced. This provides the basis for discussion of three possible responses available to central government. In respect of each of these responses, this paper considers what they reveal about the current state of multi-level environmental governance in New Zealand. This paper concludes by making some general observations about sustainable development in New Zealand which, it is suggested, underpin central government's approach to GMOs.
Order and dynamics of rod-like and banana-shaped liquid crystals by 2H NMR
Authors: Domenici Valentina
Published: January 2007

Deuterium NMR spectroscopy is a very powerful technique for studying partially or totally ordered systems, such as liquid crystals (LCs) and polymers. LCs represent a branch of the most general class of soft materials, with peculiar physical and chemical properties which attracted scientific attention for their potentiality for technological applications. From a chemical point of view, there are three aspects in which2H NMR could provide significant insights: (i) the conformational and structural properties; (ii) the molecular dynamics and mobility; and (iii) the orientational order and aggregation/distribution of molecules in the different liquid-crystalline phases. In this work, some of the recent developments in this field are discussed, focusing on two main topics: (1) the molecular dynamics of the smectic liquid-crystalline phases formed by rod-like molecules and (2) the unusual orientational and dynamic properties of the new liquid-crystalline mesophases formed by banana-shaped molecules (BLCs).
Synthesis and properties of germanium nanowires
Authors: Wang Dunwei
Published: January 2007

As a promising electronic material, Ge nanowire (GeNW) has attracted much attention for its low band gaps, high mobilities, and unprecedented dimensions. This article reviews recent research and advancement on this topic and summarizes many aspects of GeNWs, including preparation, surface chemistry, physical properties, functional devices, and controlled assembly. It is shown that GeNWs can be readily synthesized by chemical methods and their electronic properties are comparable or superior to that of the bulk counterparts. Studies of surface chemistry have revealed dominant roles of surfaces on nanowires, and this result led to successful passivations toward air-stable, high-performance functional devices. Finally, controlled assembly to organize chemically synthesized nanowires into functional structures is discussed. Doors are opened up to widely utilize this novel material as excellent electronic building blocks.
Scalar curvature, moment maps, and the Deligne pairing
Authors: Phong D. H. , Sturm Jacob
Published: January 2007

In this paper, we improve the bound for the moment map derivative proved by Donaldson in his recent proof of the Hilbert-Mumford stability of complex manifolds with constant scalar curvature. The proof depends on the identification of Donaldson's symplectic form with the curvature of a certain Deligne pairing.
The semiadditivity of continuous analytic capacity and the inner boundary conjecture
Authors: Tolsa Xavier
Published: January 2007

Let α( E ) be the continuous analytic capacity of a compact set E ⊂ [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]. In this paper we obtain a characterization of α in terms of curvature of measures with zero linear density, and we deduce that α is countably semiadditive. This result has important consequences for the theory of uniform rational approximation on compact sets. In particular, it implies the so-called inner boundary conjecture.
Addendum to "Extremal discs and the regularity of CR mappings in higher codimension"
Authors: Tumanov A.
Published: January 2007

We give a proof of the regularity of Hölder CR homeomorphisms of strictly pseudo convex CR manifolds of higher codimension.
The convex hull property of noncompact hypersurfaces with positive curvature
Authors: Alexander Stephanie , Ghomi Mohammad
Published: January 2007

We prove that in Euclidean space R n +1 , every metrically complete, positively curved immersed hypersurface M , with compact boundary ∂ M , lies outside the convex hull of ∂ M provided that ∂ M is embedded on the boundary of a convex body and n > 2. For n = 2, on the other hand, we construct examples which contradict this property.
Rigid analytic Picard theorems
Authors: Cherry William , Ru Min
Published: January 2007

We prove a geometric logarithmic derivative lemma for rigid analytic mappings to algebraic varieties in characteristic zero. We use the lemma to give a new and simpler proof (at least in characteristic zero) of Berkovich's little Picard theorem, which says there are no nonconstant rigid analytic maps from the affine line to nonsingular projective curves of positive genus, and of Cherry's result that there are no nonconstant rigid analytic maps from the affine line to Abelian varieties. Furthermore, we use the lemma to prove new theorems of little and big Picard type for dominant mappings, in close analogy with Griffiths and King. For the little Picard type theorem, we prove that if X is a smooth projective variety with a simple normal crossings divisor D such that ( X, D ) has nonnegative logarithmic Kodaira dimension, then there are no dominant rigid analytic maps f from A m to X \ D . For the big Picard type theorem, we prove that if Y is a nonsingular rigid analytic space, E is an effective simple normal crossings divisor on Y , and if X is a smooth projective variety with a simple normal crossings divisor D such that ( X, D ) is of log-general type, then any dominant rigid analytic map f : Y \ E →. X \ D extends to an analytic map from Y to X .
Tameness persists in weakly type-preserving strong limits
Authors: Evans R.A.
Published: January 2007

We show that if a weakly type-preserving sequence of tame hyperbolic 3-manifolds converges strongly then the limit is tame. As a first corollary we observe that we can replace the assumption of strong convergence with algebraic convergence in most cases. As a second corollary we observe that given a finitely generated geometrically finite Kleinian group, tame groups are dense in the boundary of its quasiconformal deformation space in most cases.
Special Lagrangian cones
Authors: Haskins Mark
Published: January 2007

We study special Lagrangian cones in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] with isolated singularities especially the case n = 3. Our main result constructs an infinite family of special Lagrangian cones in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] each of which has a toroidal link. We obtain a detailed geometric description of these tori. We prove a regularity result for special Lagrangian cones in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] with a spherical link—any such cone must be a plane. We also construct a one-parameter family of asymptotically conical special Lagrangian submanifolds from any special Lagrangian cone.
Asai L-functions and Jacquet's conjecture
Authors: Kable Anthony C.
Published: January 2007

We give a conceptually simple proof of the square-integrable case of a conjecture of Jacquet concerning distinguished representations of the general linear group over a local field of characteristic zero. The proof is based on consideration of the Rankin-Selberg integral representation of the generalized Asai L-function and utilizes global methods.
Entireness of the Spinor L -functions for certain generic cusp forms on GSp (2)
Authors: Moriyama Tomonori
Published: January 2007

Let G = GSp (2) be the symplectic group with similitude of degree two, which is defined over Q . For a generic cusp form F on the adelized group G A whose archimedean type is either a (limit of) large discrete series representation or a certain principal series representation, we show that its spinor L -function is continued to an entire function and satisfies the functional equation.
Interior gradient bounds for solutions to the minimal surface system
Authors: Wang Mu-Tao
Published: January 2007

In this article we generalize the classical gradient estimate for the minimal surface equation to higher codimension. We consider a vector-valued function u : Ω ⊂ [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] → [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] that satisfies the minimal surface system, see equation (1.1) in §1. The graph of u is then a minimal submanifold of [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /]. We prove an a priori gradient bound under the assumption that the Jacobian of du : [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="04i "/] → [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="05i" /] on any two dimensional subspace of [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="06i" /] is less than or equal to one. This assumption is automatically satisfied when du is of rank one and thus the estimate covers the case when m = 1, i.e., the original minimal surface equation. This is applied to Bernstein type theorems for minimal submanifolds of higher codimension.
On Negativity of higher Euler characteristics
Authors: Dutta S. P.
Published: January 2007

Positivity of higher Euler characteristics on equicharacteristic and unramified regular local rings follow from the works of Serre, Lichtenbaum, and Hochster. Here we prove that such higher Euler characteristics could be negative on complete intersections even for a pair of intersecting modules, both having finite projective dimension, satisfying Serre-vanishing.
Inversion of adjunction for local complete intersection varieties
Authors: Ein Lawrence , Mustaţǎ Mircea
Published: January 2007

We extend Inversion of Adjunction and Semicontinity of minimal log discrepancies from the case of a smooth ambient variety to the case of local complete intersection varieties.
Inverse spectral problems on hyperbolic manifolds and their applications to inverse boundary value problems in Euclidean space
Authors: Isozaki Hiroshi
Published: January 2007

We propose a new approach to solve the inverse boundary value problems in the Euclidean space. The idea consists of embedding the problem into hyperbolic manifolds and using their spectral properties. As a by-product, one can discuss the reconstruction of local conformal deformation of the metric of hyperbolic manifolds from the spectral data at infinity. We also propose a new spectral data observed from the cusp neighborhood at infinity.
Spherical Hecke algebras of SL 2 over 2-dimensional local fields
Authors: Kim Henry H. , Lee Kyu-Hwan
Published: January 2007

In this paper, we study spherical Hecke algebras of SL 2 over two dimensional local fields. In order to define the convolution product, we make explicit use of coset decompositions. We also consider spherical Hecke algebras of the torus of SL 2 and construct the Satake isomorphism between two spherical Hecke algebras. In order to define the Satake isomorphism, we use the invariant measure on two-dimensional local fields with values in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] constructed by I. Fesenko.
Unobstructed modular deformation problems
Authors: Weston Tom
Published: January 2007

Let f be a newform of weight k ≥ 3 with Fourier coefficients in a number field K . We show that the universal deformation ring of the mod λ Galois representation associated to f is unobstructed, and thus isomorphic to a power series ring in three variables over the Witt vectors, for all but finitely many primes λ of K . We give an explicit bound on such λ for the 6 known cusp forms of level 1, trivial character, and rational Fourier coefficients. We also prove a somewhat weaker result for weight 2.
Maximal unipotent monodromy for complete intersection CY manifolds
Authors: Lian Bong H. , Todorov Andrey , Yau Shing-Tung
Published: January 2007

The computations that are suggested by String Theory in the B model requires the existence of degenerations of CY manifolds with maximum unipotent monodromy. In String Theory such a point in the moduli space is called a large radius limit (or large complex structure limit). In this paper we are going to construct one parameter families of n dimensional Calabi-Yau manifolds, which are complete intersections in toric varieties and which have a monodromy operator T such that (T N - id ) n +1 = 0 but (T N - id ) n ≠ 0, i.e., the monodromy operator is maximal unipotent.
The Saito-Kurokawa lifting and functoriality
Authors: Schmidt Ralf
Published: January 2007

Certain nontempered liftings from PGL (2) × PGL (2) to PGSp (4) are constructed using the theory of (local and global) theta lifts. The resulting representations on PGSp (4) are the Saito-Kurokawa representations. The lifting is shown to be functorial under certain reasonable assumptions on the local Langlands correspondence for PGSp (4).
Higher direct images of dualizing sheaves of Lagrangian fibrations
Authors: Matsushita Daisuke
Published: January 2007

Let f : X → S be a Lagrangian fibration between projective varieties. We prove that [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] ≅ Ω i S if S is smooth. Suppose that X is an irreducible symplectic manifold or a certain moduli space of semistable torsion free sheaves on a K 3 surface, the Hodge numbers satisfy h p,q ( S ) = h p,q [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /], where n = dim S . If S ≅ [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] and X is an irreducible symplectic manifold, there exists a hypersurface M f of the Kuranishi space of X such that every member of the Kuranishi family over M f admits a Lagrangian fibration over [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="04i" /].
Rough solutions for the wave maps equation
Authors: Tataru Daniel
Published: January 2007

We consider the wave maps equation with values into a Riemannian manifold which is isometrically embedded in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]. Our main result asserts that the Cauchy problem is globally well-posed for initial data which is small in the critical Sobolev spaces. This extends and completes recent work of Tao and other authors.
Ensemble Scenes in Plautus
Authors: Franko George Fredric
Published: January 2007

If Greek New Comedy never presented more than three
concurrent speakers, then any scene in the Palliata with four or more
concurrent speakers contains renovations. Plautus uses ensemble scenes
to underscore lively or dramatically significant symposia, eavesdropping,
or family reunions and be-trothals, especially at the finale. Terence uses
ensemble scenes more pervasively for shorter, calmer, and less significant
episodes. The authorship of the Greek original may influence the extent of
ensemble scenes. Plautus probably created ensemble scenes by rearranging
entrances and exits and by endowing mute characters with speech, often
transforming silent women into important speaking characters.
Insult and Oral Excess in the Disputes between Aeschines and Demosthenes
Authors: Worman Nancy Baker
Published: January 2007

This article argues that in the contests between Demosthenes and
Aeschines, their insulting depictions of each other highlight the mouth as a
prominent vehicle for communicating ideas about intemperance. Much of the
imagery in the speeches lampoons oratorical delivery, especially vocal tone and
deportment, which perceptibly project the speakers' characters. While Demosthenes
is a piping chatterbox and Aeschines a voluble shouter, both extremes are
characterized by an overuse or misuse of the mouth and its vocal organs. These
insulting portrayals of the mouth's capacities contribute to a larger abusive
discourse that develops around professional speakers during this period.
Tua, Caesar, aetas : Horace Ode 4.15 and the Augustan Age
Authors: Breed Brian W
Published: January 2007

Horace Ode 4.15 names the Augustan Age, defining a bounded period of history by reference to Augustus' mortal lifespan (aetas). By contrast, poetry's command of immortality gives the poet, not the princeps, ultimate control of the meaning of aetas Augusta. But Horace undermines the suggestion that his own poetry will forever define and represent the Augustan Age. Ode 4.15 in fact projects the Aeneid, or a sanitized version of it, as the Roman people's everlasting hymn in praise of Augustus and his age. This gesture of demurral is anticipated in the poem's opening recusatio of a Virgilian-style epic.
Plato's Reply to Lysias: Republic 1 and 2 and Against Eratosthenes
Authors: Howland Jacob
Published: January 2007

In his courtroom speech Against Eratosthenes, Lysias calls for revenge against the murderers of his brother Polemarchus. In Plato's Republic, however, Socrates convinces Polemarchus, in the presence of Lysias, that harming enemies is unjust. Socrates' argument focuses on certain problems and assumptions that turn out to be key features of Lysias' indictment of Eratosthenes. I argue that Socrates' conversation with Polemarchus is on one level a Platonic reply to Against Eratosthenes and that Plato's implicit criticisms of Lysias in the Republic harmonize with the picture of Lysias that he inscribes explicitly in the Phaedrus.
Waterscape with Black and White: Epigrams, Cycles, and Webs in Martial's Epigrammaton liber quartus
Authors: Lorenz Sven
Published: January 2007

Martial's twelve Epigrammaton libri have been described as a receptacle for previously published poems or groups of poems. An examination of themes, motifs, and leitmotifs in Book 4, however, reveals that there are many different types of connections between individual poems and cycles. Inner cohesion in Martial's works is considerably more pronounced than has often been supposed. Furthermore, the book context of each epigram can imply metapoetic statements and, thus, influences the readers' reception of the respective poem. Given the close-knit web that spans and supports Book 4, it seems unlikely that the eighty-nine epigrams of the liber quartus ever appeared anywhere other than together in this book.
Girls at Play in Early Greek Poetry
Authors: Rosenmeyer Patricia A
Published: January 2007

This paper explores the complex meanings of paizein and its compound sumpaizein used in connection with young girls and/or Eros in archaic Greek poetry. My basic question is whether the verb necessarily implies a knowing eroticism on the part of the character whom it describes, or whether it is the poet's way of inviting the audience to share his knowledge at the expense of the character, a kind of "wink" of complicity. I argue that there are fundamental ambiguities in this particular use of paizein and that the instability of its semantic field is linked to the liminality of the stage of life to which it commonly refers. When Eros "plays," we know we should be on guard, but a young girl's "play" is somewhat more difficult to interpret. In this context, I suggest that Greek poetry can represent the liminality of a girl's sexual status through the physical setting in which the action takes place: the "players" are placed in a natural environment that reflects their stage in life, namely, the moments just before the loss of innocence, and that locus itself is open to divergent interpretations dependent on the sexual "knowledge" of the viewer. The notion "girls at play" thus resists any single interpretation, as the girls' sexual status always contains within it the potential for rapid and drastic change.
Pericles on the Athenian Constitution (Thuc. 2.37)
Authors: Andrews James A
Published: January 2007

Pericles' praise of the Athenian constitution presupposes a complex audience, some members of which are reluctant to hear his praise. Part of the resistance arises from doubts about the celebrated negative freedom of the private citizen (Thuc. 2.37.2-3). But it also concerns the positive political freedom of all citizens to participate equally in political life (Thuc. 2.37.1). Pericles attempts to overcome audience resistance by frankly acknowledging its source—"the equal share" (compare Aristotle's arithmetic equality) and its allegedly unfair consequences for the rich—and by showing why the principle does not entail class domination. All citizens and classes share in governance, without sectarian injustice.
Classicism and Romanitas in Plutarch's De Alexandri Fortuna Aut Virtute
Authors: Asirvatham Sulochana Ruth
Published: January 2007

It is in the very nature of classicizing texts to promote an idea of the "Greek" as objective and unchanging over the centuries. Using the example of Plutarch's DeAlexandriFortunaautVirtute, a set of epideictic speeches in which Alexander the Great appears as a philosopher who civilizes barbarians, this paper attempts to look beneath the pro-Hellenic veneer of imperial Greek writing by considering ways in which it can mask a sympathy with "Roman" ideas—that is, ideas that are typically by this time either credited to Romans (whether or not originally inspired by Greek ideas) or used to describe Romans in non-classicizing contexts.
Poetics of Closure in Horace Odes 3.1
Authors: Faber Riemer
Published: January 2007

In the final stanza of Odes 3.1, Horace reverts to themes broached in the programmatic opening lines, qualifying them in light of the intervening lyric argument. By means of associations with literary aesthetics in the question cur valle permutem Sabina divitias operosiores (47-48), and by allusions to the proem of Vergil Georgics 3 and to Pindar Olympian 6.1-4 in invidendis postibus et novo sublime ritu moli aratrium (45-46), Horace develops a literary metaphor in order to express his discomfort in treating national and political themes in the lyric genre.
The Ongoing Neikos : Thersites, Odysseus, and Achilleus
Authors: Marks J
Published: January 2007

Comparison of the Iliadic Thersites with his character in non-Homeric traditions, the iambic personas Archilochos and Hipponax, the disguised Odysseus in the Odyssey, Karna in the Mahābhārata, and with sociological models suggests that his ongoing neikos ("conflict") with Odysseus and Achilleus (neikeieske, Iliad 2.221) is constructed as one between social equals, and so can be described in terms of elite competition, in contrast with the common interpretation of the scene as class conflict. The elite competition model offers fresh perspectives on class relations in Homeric society and can help to explicate the opposition between the heroics of Odysseus and of Achilleus and help to delineate the thematics of the fragmentary Aithiopis.
Who "Invented" Comedy? The Ancient Candidates for the Origins of Comedy and the Visual Evidence
Authors: Rusten Jeffrey S
Published: January 2007

The formal beginning of comedy is firmly dated to the Dionysia of 486 B.C.E.1 For what preceded it there were at least three ancient candidates: phallic processions, Doric comedy and Susarion. Each is supported by visual evidence of the sixth century B.C.E., each explains certain features of Old Comedy, but all have some anomalies as well. Striking is how many forms of performance attested in the sixth century contained comic elements. All these other forms ceased with the introduction of comedies to the Dionysia in 486 B.C.E., which coincides with the ascendancy of the demos; yet it was not until forty years later that comedy becomes unabashedly political.
The Strangeness of the Phaedrus
Authors: Schenker David J
Published: January 2007

My focus is on the polemical and argumentative force of Plato"s characterization of Socrates in the Phaedrus. His Socrates celebrates the irrational in this dialogue, in a wide variety of forms and manifestations, in direct response to the intellectual sterility so attractive to the interlocutor Phaedrus. Only in the particular context of, e.g., the written speech of Lysias and Phaedrus" enthusiasm for it can we make sense of what Plato"s Socrates says here and of the structure of the dialogue as a whole.
Relationships between Prosodic and Musical Meters in the Beste Form of Classical Turkish Music
Authors: BektaÅ Tolga
Published: January 2007

Classical Turkish music is essentially vocal in nature, and a large portion of its lyrics is taken from Ottoman dîvân literature. The primary prosodic meter used in dîvân is arûz, whereas the musical meter utilized in classical Turkish music is usûl. This study investigates the relationships between the large rhythmic patters (usûl) and the prosodic meters (arûz) utilized in the beste forms of classical Turkish music. In an analysis of 466 beste, a relationship was found between each usûl and arûz meter, but an even stronger concordance was discovered between each usûl and a class of arûz patterns called bahir. Thus, this research establishes that, rather than thinking in terms of an arûz-usûl relationship, it is more appropriate to emphasize a bahir-usûl relationship within the beste form. The results of this study confirm the existence of this relationship, which was hypothesized by Tanrikorur to exist in the beste form (1990:6).
The Donkey's Ears Go Flop, Flop: Miyagi Michio's Koto Works for Children
Authors: Prescott Anne
Published: January 2007

Miyagi Michio
(1894-1956), koto performer, composer, and educator, was a musical innovator who modified traditional instruments, incorporated new ideas into the body of work called sōkyoku , and adopted compositional and playing techniques from Western music and instruments. He was also one of the first Japanese composers to create pedagogical materials and entertaining works that were appropriate for children, and those works are still widely used today to teach koto-playing to beginners, particularly children. This paper will provide an introduction to the Miyagi school of koto playing, examine the traditional method of teaching koto to children, investigate Miyagi's motivation for creating a pedagogical method for children, provide a historical overview of Miyagi's dōkyoku (children's songs), and finally analyze several of these works.
The Riddle of the Third Sector: Civil Society, International Aid, and NGOs in Russia
Authors: Hemment Julie
Published: January 2007

This article examines the forms and logic of political activism encouraged by international development agencies in Russia by focusing on the project to promote civil society development. The version of civil society that has been brought into being by western design—the third sector—is far from what Russian activists desired and what donor agencies promised. Despite its claims to allow a grassroots to flourish, the third sector is a professionalized realm of NGOs, inaccessible to most local groups and compromised by its links to a neoliberal vision of development. The article pushes beyond some of the recent polarized discussions of NGOs (where they are regarded as either "good" or "bad") to show that despite its ambivalent effects, the idea of the third sector remains compelling to local actors. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork with provincial women's groups, this article examines local responses to the third sector and considers its unexpected signifying possibilities.