bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parameter uncertainty and noise effects on the global dynamics of an electrically actuated microarch
Authors: Benedetti Kaio C B , Gonçalves Paulo B , Lenci Stefano , Rega Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

This work aims to study the effect of uncertainties and noise on the nonlinear global dynamics of a micro-electro-mechanical arch obtained from an imperfect microbeam under an axial load and electric excitation. An adaptative phase-space discretization strategy based on an operator approach is proposed. The Ulam method, a classical discretization of flows in phase-space, is extended here to nondeterministic cases. A unified description is formulated based on the Perron–Frobenius, Koopman, and Foias linear operators. Also, a procedure to obtain global structures in the mean sense of systems with parametric uncertainties is presented. The stochastic basins of attraction and attractors’ distributions replace the usual basin and attractor concepts. For parameter uncertainty cases, the phase-space is augmented with the corresponding probability space. The microarch is assumed to be shallow and modeled using a nonlinear Bernoulli–Euler beam theory and is discretized by the Galerkin method using as interpolating function the linear vibration modes. Then, from the discretized multi degree of freedom model model, an accurate single degree of freedom reduced order model, based on theory of nonlinear normal modes, is derived. Several competing attractors are observed, leading to different (acceptable or unacceptable) behaviors. Extensive numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of noise and uncertainties on the coexisting basins of attraction, attractors’ distributions, and basins boundaries. The appearance and disappearance of attractors and stochastic bifurcation are observed, and the time-dependency of stochastic responses is demonstrated, with long-transients influencing global behavior. To consider uncertainties and noise in design, a dynamic integrity measure is proposed via curves of constant probability, which give quantitative information about the changes in structural safety. For each attractor, the basin robustness as a function of a stochastic parameter is investigated. The weighted basin area can quantify the integrity of nondeterministic cases, being also the most natural generalization of the global integrity measure. While referring to particular micro-electro-mechanical system, the relevance of the dynamical integrity analysis for stochastic systems to quantify tolerances and safety margins is underlined here.
Search for cluster effects in p+12C elastic scattering by a diffractional method
Authors: Redigolo L , Dell’Aquila D , Lombardo I , Musumarra A , Pellegriti M G , Verde G , Vigilante M
Published: April 2023

We investigate medium-energy angular distribution data of proton elastic scattering on 12C, with the aim to probe the existence of cluster distributions in the ground state of 12C. In our approach, we exploit Coupled-channel calculations to describe the scattering from a spheroidal-like structure, and we include a further contribution, based on a diffraction scattering formula, to explicitly take into account a possible triangular α-cluster structure of the target. From the present analysis, we find a quite small cluster component in 12C ground state (with an upper limit on the occurrence probability of 1%, 99.75% confidence level) and an inter-cluster distance of ≃3.9 fm. These values are compared with several theoretical predictions reported in the literature.
Neutrinoless double beta decay and sterile neutrino dark matter in extended left right symmetric model
Authors: Boruah Bichitra Bijay , Gautam Nayana , Kumar Das Mrinal
Published: April 2023

We have studied a flavor symmetry-based extended left–right symmetric model (LRSM) with a dominant type-II seesaw mechanism and have explored the associated neutrino phenomenology. The particle content of the model includes usual quarks and leptons along with additional sterile fermion per generation in the fermion sector while the scalar content contains Higgs doublets and scalar bidoublet. Realization of this extension of LRSM has been done by using A
4 × Z
4 discrete symmetries. In this work, we have also included the study of sterile neutrino dark matter phenomenology along with neutrinoless double beta decay within the framework.
Autonomic control of heart and vessels in patients with very early stage of Parkinson disease
Authors: Oleksakova J , Javorka M , Czippelova B , Mazgutova N , Grofik M , Babalova L , Skacik P , Kurca E
Published: April 2023

Objective. Non-motor symptoms including those reflecting autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation are often present in Parkinson disease. It is unclear whether it is possible to detect cardiovascular autonomic dysregulation in the very early stage of Parkinson disease potentially supporting the concept of the upstream propagation of nervous system damage through autonomic nerves. We hypothesized that cardiovascular dysregulation should precede the motor symptoms and at the time of their occurrence autonomic dysregulation should be clearly demonstrable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the various aspects of autonomic cardiovascular control in the very early stage of Parkinson disease. Approach. We performed prospective case-control study on 19 patients with Parkinson disease (<6 months after motor signs occurrence) and 19 healthy control subjects. For each phase of study protocol (supine, head-up tilt, supine recovery), we calculated a wide array of cardiovascular control related parameters reflecting cardiac chronotropic, cardiac inotropic and vasomotor control and baroreflex mediated cardiovascular response. Main results. We observed the well-preserved heart rate and blood pressure control in patients with early stage of Parkinson disease. However, causal analysis of interactions between heart rate and blood pressure oscillations revealed subtle differences in baroreflex function and baroreflex mediated vasoconstriction response to orthostasis. Furthermore, a tendency towards a decreased contraction strength in Parkinson disease was observed. Significance. Considering only subtle cardiovascular control impairment in our study employing a wide array of sensitive methods at the time when motor signs were clearly expressed, we suggest that motor signs dominated in this stage of Parkinson disease.
Modeling simulation on amplifying magnetic fields in supernova remnants with an intense laser
Authors: Sun Wei , Lei Zhu , Lv Chong , Zhong Jiayong , Jin Mengqi , Wang Jianzhao , Tian Baoxian , Wang Zhao
Published: April 2023

Local magnetic field enhancement in supernova remnants (SNRs) is a natural laboratory for studying the amplification effect of turbulent magnetic fields. In recent years, high-power laser devices have gradually matured as a tool for astronomical research that perfects observations and theoretical models. In this study, a model of the amplification effect of the turbulent magnetic field in SNRs by an intense laser is simulated using the radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulation program. We investigate and compare the evolutionary processes of unstable turbulence under different initial disturbance modes, directions, and intensities of external magnetic fields and obtain the magnetic energy spectrum and magnetic field magnification. The results demonstrate that the fluid motion associated with Rayleigh–Taylor instability will stretch the environmental magnetic field significantly, with an intensity amplified by two orders of magnitude. The environmental magnetic field perpendicular to the laser injection direction is decisive during magnetic field amplification which is necessary to clarify the physical mechanism of magnetic field amplification in SNRs. Furthermore, it will deepen the understanding of the interstellar magnetic field’s evolution. The results also establish a reference for laser-driven magnetized plasma experiments in a robust magnetic environment.
Defect induced nonequilibrium quantum dynamics in an interacting Bose–Hubbard flux ladder
Authors: Jian Yue , Zhang Ai-Xia , Qiao Xin , Liang Jun-Cheng , Yu Zi-Fa , Xue Ju-Kui
Published: April 2023

The interacting Bose–Hubbard flux ladder provides an ideal model to probe novel quantum phenomena of many-body systems. Here, we report on the first direct observation of dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT) in interacting Bose–Hubbard flux ladder induced by defect perturbation, which provides a new scheme for experimental design and manipulation of the DQPT in ultracold atomic system. Under the mean-field approximation, DQPT is identified by resolving the order parameter and the temporal evolution of patterns of atomic density distributions and local current configurations of the system. The threshold for occurrence of DQPT is obtained analytical and the physical mechanism of DQPT is revealed explicitly. Periodic appearance and annihilation of dynamical vortex and the manifestation of symmetry restoration after perturbation from broken-symmetry phase are observed. A thorough connection among the order parameter dynamics, the underlying ground state phase transition and nonequilibrium dynamics is established in real time and real space for the first time. Interestingly, by quenching the defect, the underlying ground state phases are captured, which provides a feasible dynamical measurement scheme for the observation of the underlying ground state phase which is challenging to reach experimentally.
Study of physico-chemical and antibacterial properties of DBD plasma treated ahimsa silk coated with natural active agent
Authors: Singh Mumal , Vajpayee Mona , Ledwani Lalita , Dave Hemen , Nema Sudhir Kumar
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of ahimsa silk fabric. The fabric was pre-treated for 1–5 min with DBD plasma in ambient air. The leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) were applied to the fabric to impart an antibacterial finish. Wettability, SEM, AFM, and tensile strength analyses demonstrated increased hydrophilicity and surface roughness with a slight reduction in mechanical strength. Both ATR-FTIR and XPS indicated an increase in the concentration of polar functional groups, such as -OH, -NH, -CHO, and -COOH, on the surface of the plasma-treated fabric. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated using the agar plate method and modified Hohenstein test. The results verified the efficacy of plasma-treated fabric, with an approximately 93% reduction in E. coli and a 96% reduction in S. aureus growth that persisted even after three washing cycles. This study suggests that DBD plasma at atmospheric pressure can be used as an eco-friendly technology for modifying the surface of silk fabrics to promote better adherence of plant extracts to the fabric and subsequently enhance their microbial resistance.
Dynamics investigation of the quantum-control-assisted multipartite uncertainty relation in heisenberg model with dzyaloshinski-moriya interaction
Authors: Xu Jie , Zheng Xiao , Ji Ai-Ling , Zhang Guo-Feng
Published: April 2023

Recently, Zheng constructs a quantum-control-assisted multipartite variance-based uncertainty relation, which successfully extends the conditional uncertainty relation to the multipartite case [Annalen der physik, 533, 2100014 (2021)]. We here investigate the dynamics of the new uncertainty relation in the Heisenberg system with the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction. It is found that, different from entanglement, the mixedness of the system has an interesting single-valued relationship with the tightness and lower bound of the uncertainty relation. This single-valued relationship indicates that the tightness and lower bound of the uncertainty relation can be written as the functional form of the mixedness. Moreover, the single-valued relationship with the mixedness is the common nature of conditional uncertainty relations, and has no relationship with the form of the uncertainty relations. Also, the comparison between the new conditional variance-based uncertainty relation and the existing entropic one has been made.
Riemann-Hilbert problem for the fifth-order modified Korteweg–de Vries equation with the prescribed initial and boundary values
Authors: Hu Beibei , Zhang Ling , Lin Ji , Wei Hanyu
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we investigate the fifth-order modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation on the half-line via the Fokas unified transformation approach. We show that the solution u(x, t) of the fifth-order mKdV equation can be represented by the solution of the matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem constructed on the plane of complex spectral parameter θ. The jump matrix L(x, t, θ) has an explicit representation dependent on x, t and it can be represented exactly by the two pairs of spectral functions y(θ), z(θ) (obtained from the initial value u
0(x)) and Y(θ), Z(θ) (obtained from the boundary conditions v
0(t),

{

v

k

(
t
)
}

1

4

). Furthermore, the two pairs of spectral functions y(θ), z(θ) and Y(θ), Z(θ) are not independent of each other, but are related to the compatibility condition, the so-called global relation.
Multipass optical cavity for low density plasma polarimetry: numerical analysis and detection scheme
Authors: Fassina A. , Alonzo M. , Filippi F. , Fiorucci D.
Published: April 2023

Measurements of internal magnetic fields are of primary importance in laboratory plasma physics; the most common diagnostic method is Faraday rotation measurement by means of polarimetry. Faraday rotation measurements are integrated along a line of sight: the overall rotation is proportional to the plasma density, magnetic field and probing wavelength, as well as to the integration segment length and hence to the plasma dimensions.

As a results, measurements of small magnetic fields in small, low density plasmas becomes non-trivial; on the other hand, this is typically the situation of small, self organized laboratory experiments.

Being the probing wavelength practically limited to the THz region by diffraction phenomena, the use of a multipass scheme is actually the only way to improve the diagnostic sensitivity. This work discuss an application study of a multipass cavity to the PROTO-SPHERA experiment, but the results can be easily generalized to others of similar characteristics.

In particular, different layouts are analyzed (straight, folded, annular cavity) discussing the overall stability region, the impact of changes in plasma refraction and the overall performances in terms of photon lifetime. The performance analysis features a discussion on continuous vs pulsed regime as well as on some basic detection schemes (direct, closed loop feedback).
Runge–Lenz vector as a 3d projection of SO(4) moment map in
R4×R4
phase space
Authors: Ikemori Hitoshi , Kitakado Shinsaku , Matsui Yoshimitsu , Sato Toshiro
Published: April 2023

We show, using the methods of geometric algebra, that Runge–Lenz vector in the Kepler problem is a 3-dimensional projection of SO(4) moment map that acts on the phase space of 4-dimensional particle motion. Thus, Runge–Lenz vector is a consequence of geometric symmetry of

R

4

×

R

4

phase space.
Effect of Salicylic Acid and Nano Silicon on the Morphological Traits of Potato Shoot Grown in Vitro Under Salt Stress
Authors: Muslim Duraid Amer , Al-Shareefi Mohammed J. H. , Mahmoud Saad Shaker
Published: April 2023

The experiment was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory, Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University during the September 2021 to June 2022. The experiment was conducted according to a complete randomized design (CRD) with two factors and ten replicates. The first factor included sodium chloride in three concentrations (0, 50, 100) mmol.L-1, and the second factor included five concentrations of salicylic acid and nano-silicon (0, 1.5 mg.L-1 nano-silicon, 3.0 mg.L-1 nano-silicon and 14 mg.L-1 salicylic acid, 28 mg.L-1 salicylic acid). The results of the experiment showed the interaction between sodium chloride and addition of salicylic acid or nano silicon to the MS medium, and there was a significant effect on most of the studied indicators. The interaction treatment without adding sodium chloride with salicylic acid at a concentration 28 mg.L-1 gave the highest rate in the shoots length. While the interaction treatment without adding sodium chloride with salicylic acid at a concentration 14 mg. L-1 gave the highest average of dry weight percentage. Also, the treatment of addition sodium chloride 50 mmol.L-1 with salicylic acid at a concentration of 14 mg.L-1 gave the highest average in the number of shoots.
Studying the Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of the Buttermilk Made From Iraqi Buffalo Milk and Its Use in the Manufacture of Healthy Ice Cream
Authors: Al Musa Raghad S. , Al Garory Najla H.
Published: April 2023

Making Buttermilk by fermenting raw buffalo milk with two types of commercial starters YO-MIX 495 and YO-MIX 505, and stirring it by electrophoresis and estimating the chemical content using an analyzer Eko milk, pH, Titration Acidity percentage, carbohydrates and organic acids using HPLC technology, active compounds with GC-MS technology, Antioxidant Activity, and making ice cream with three mixtures: 0:1, 1:1 and 1:3 from raw milk to Buttermilk, and physical tests were conducted on it, The results showed that the fermentation time did not affect the chemical content. Still, it did affect the pH, surface Titration Acidity, the concentration of carbohydrates, Organic acids and active compounds. The highest pH value was 4.37, and ash was 0.65% for Buttermilk fermented with YO-MIX 495 starter. The highest value for Titration Acidity, protein and fat was 0.84, 2.73 and 1.24%, respectively, with YO-MIX 505 starter. The highest value of carbohydrates is for lactose sugar, 3.30 % with YO-MIX starter 505, and the highest for organic acids is succinic, 169.82% with starter YO-MIX 505. Lactic 42.50 % with starter YO-MIX 495 and different ratios of active compounds reached the highest area of the peak % Acetic acid, cesium salt 25.08334% with starter YO-MIX 495 and it showed the most increased Antioxidant Activity 75% with the starter YO-MIX 495. The highest starter diameter against Bacillus cereus was 10 mm for the starter. The mixtures manufactured with YO-MIX starter 495 excelled in the combinations manufactured with YO-MIX starter 505 in sensory evaluation. The mixture 1:1 showed the highest value in taste and general acceptance. At the same time, 1:3 was superior in colour, texture and oral feeling, while 0:1 obtained the lowest degree of acceptance among the three mixtures.
Effectiveness of Zink Oxide-Nanoparticles and Ferula Asafetida Extract on Chemical Characteristics of Cryopreserved Meat
Authors: Jassim Jassim Waleed , Mahdi Manal Saleh
Published: April 2023

The study was conducted in the Department of Food Sciences / College of Agriculture / and the central laboratories / of Tikrit University from 1/11/2021 until 26/1/2022. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nano-zinc oxide and asafoetida extract on the chemical properties of ground beef preserved in polyethylene bags by refrigeration at 4°C for 14 days. The results of the GC mass examination showed that asafoetida extract contained many active compounds, as it was distinguished by a high percentage of 10.13-octadecadienoic acid, which amounted to 12.0%, and this extract was distinguished by containing varying percentages of Methyl linoleate compounds, octadecadienyloxy 2-9,12-octadecadienyloxy. The results also showed a semi-significant decrease in moisture percentage when treatment T9 for storage periods 1, 7, and 14 days, as on day 14 of storage, it was 70.03% compared to the control treatment T1, which was 71.43%. While there were no significant differences in the percentage of protein, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of free fatty acids, which reached 0.76% on the last day of storage in treatment T9.
Improved Physiochemical and Sensory Properties of Soft Cheese via Incorporation of Wheat (TriticumVulgare) Germ
Authors: Nahla Tariq K. , Luma Khairy H. , Khairi Shaymaa R. , Kamilah Hanisah
Published: April 2023

In the current study, the utilization of wheat(Triticum Vulgare)germ incorporated with soft cheese was investigated. The antimicrobial efficiency of the wheat germ was examined against a few pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus sp. The results presented that, there was an occurrence of inhibitory activity by Streptococcus sp. (25 mm, 30mm, and 32 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (30-35 mm) when treated with wheat germ as the concentration (25%, 50%, and 100%) tested was increased, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the fortified soft cheese treatments [0% (T1), 0.5% (T2) and 1.5% (T3) at (10 ± 2) °C for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively, such as acidity analysis, pH value, and the moisture content, fat content, protein content, and ash contentwere also studied. The sensory properties indicate that the fortified soft cheese at 0.5% and 1.5%wheat germ were better accepted in comparison with other treatments. Thus, this study has shown that the incorporation of wheat germ into soft cheese could enhance sensory properties such as color, flavor, and palatability, respectively. Hence, the utilization of wheat germ is the potential to improve the texture, functional and nutritional properties of soft cheese.
The Effect of Replacing Wheat Flour with Mango Peel Powder and Studying its Chemical and Microbial Properties in the Laboratory Cake
Authors: Weshah Shaimaa Fadhel , Al-Hafud Alyaa S.
Published: April 2023

Fruit peels are the byproduct that accumulate during the processing of fruits and represent a serious problem, as they have a harmful effect on the environment. Fruit peels are a rich source of natural bioactive, antioxidants and fiber compounds that play an important role in disease prevention. Wheat flour was replaced with mango and banana peel flour in proportions (10,20,30%), laboratory cake was manufactured and chemical properties & characteristics of mango and banana peel flour were analyzed and the effect of this on quality characteristics and sensory evaluation of laboratory cakes by estimating their chemical composition, estimation of mineral elements, active substances, antioxidant activity of the peels, cake product treatments and inhibitory activity of alcoholic extract of mango peel powder in a number of bacterial isolates. The results indicated that the powder of mango peels powder contains phenolic compounds (tannins, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids). Mango peel powder is rich in mineral elements, the most important of which are (potassium and calcium), it has an inhibitory activity against bacteria(aeruginosa Pseudomonas, E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus) The increase in the percentage of replacement in the final product (cake) led to an increase in the active substances and antioxidant activity, as well as an increase in moisture content, mineral elements & fibers, and an increase in the weight of the final product. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that the 10% replacement ratio showed more acceptable results to the consumer.
Study the Impact of Replacing Peanut Flour with Wheat Flour on Physiochemical Properties and Sensory Assessment of Biscuits Produced
Authors: Al-Alwani Hudhayfa Ismail Salih , Fadhil Noor Jumhaa , Yousif Saad Ibrahim
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted in order to study and determine the chemical composition, physical properties and sensory evaluation of biscuits manufactured with different replacement percentages of peanuts (0, 10, 20, 25)%. The results of the chemical composition of the biscuits made from replacing peanut flour showed that the moisture content in all samples was between (6.27-6.50%) as the results showed that there was a difference in the moisture content of the different types of biscuits, as for the percentage of ash, there was a significant increase with the increase in the replacement rates, and the percentage ranged between (1.37-1.63)%. The highest percentage of protein in the transaction was BP25%, about (26.13)%, and it was noted that the protein percentage increased with the increase in the replacement rates, while the highest percentage of fat reached about (26.43) in the BP25% sample. The results showed that there was an increase in the percentage of fat with an increase in the replacement rates for the studied transactions, while the percentage of fibers reached the highest percentage in the transaction BP20% (11.27%), the highest percentage of carbohydrates was between (68.33-28.87)%, as the results showed a decrease in the percentage of carbohydrates with an increase in the replacement rates. The results showed the effect of the replacement ratios on the physical characteristics if each increased with the diameter of the biscuit and the diffusion coefficient with an increase in the replacement ratio. As for the sensory evaluation, the results of the studied characteristics (general appearance, top surface characteristics, freshness, crunchiness, flavor, aroma, taste, color, general acceptance) showed that the replacement rate exceeded BP20% for biscuits made from peanut flour replacement, as its results were higher than the rest transactions.
Analysis of Amino Acids and Fatty Acids in the Local Strain of Wild and Cultivated Food Mushrooms
Authors: Farhan Ekhlas Mohammed , Chechan Rukaibaa Ali
Published: April 2023

The cultivation of shiitake mushroom Lentinula edodes is very important all over the world, due to its nutritional properties. The available studies on the chemical characterization of local shiitake strains that grow in the Iraqi environment and cultivated in the laboratory are not available so far, therefore, the aim of the current work is to quantitative and qualitative determination of amino acids and fatty acids in the strain L. edodes ( OM432157 ) grown in vitro and wild using amino acid analyzer and gas chromatography ( GC ). The results showed that the percentage of total EAA in the fungal strain L. edodes ( OM432157 ) amounted to 37.14% and in the wild strain ( 41.9% ). The predominant essential amino acid in the strain L. edodes was valine. While the proportion of TNEAA in the cultivated strain L. edodes (OM432157) was 56.27% and the wild strain 51.05%, cysteine acid was the predominant component in the cultivated strain, in contrast, glutamic acid was the dominant acid in the wild strain Regarding the fatty acid profile, the unsaturated fatty acids were dominant over the saturated fatty acids in both types of mushrooms. It was observed that PUFA was higher than MUFA in the cultivated strain, and Linolenic acid ( C18:3 ) was the dominant acid and the form 47.6 % of the total fatty acids in contrast to the wild strain which recorded a high percentage of MUFA 83% compared to PUFA12.6%, and palmitoleic acid ( C16: 1) is dominant and constituted 81.9% of the total fatty acids. Our findings contributes to the determination of amino acids and fatty acids in the local strain L. edodes ( OM432157).
Study Functional Properties of the Isolated Protein from Germinated Mung
Authors: Dahham Fatimah Makki , Abas Wedad Fadhil
Published: April 2023

The functional properties of the defatted powder and protein isolate of germinated mung bean seeds were studied and the estimation of the amino acids was carried out. The results showed a significant increase in the values of the amino acids leucine, lysine, phenylalanine and valine. The results of studying the functional properties of the protein isolate and defatted powder showed that there were significant differences between the sample The defatted and protein isolate, if the water absorption capacity of the defatted mung powder was 2.5% water/gm protein and the water absorption capacity of the protein isolate was 3%ml water/g protein, the fat binding capacity of the defatted powder was 0.3 ml fat/g protein and the isolate The ratio was 1.7 ml of fat / g of protein. The ability of the protein isolates and the defatted powder to form foam was also studied. The effect of pH on the foam capacity and stability of the defatted mung bean seed powder and the protein isolate was also studied. The foam capacity at pH 4 showed high stability at 120 min. After the reaction, it reached 10%, while the pH 5 decreased its stability, reaching 8%, while the pH 7.6 showed a high stability, reaching (12, (13)%, respectively, and we note the stability of the foam in the protein isolate at pH 7.4, which amounted to (22.5,24)%, respectively.
Detection of Mineral and Microbial Contaminants in some Types of Imported Meat
Authors: Al-Zaid Raed Mohammed Khalaf , Al-Attar Eman J. , Hadi Mayson Thafir
Published: April 2023

The main target of the current study is to investigate the microbial content and mineral contaminants of the imported meat available in the city of Baghdad and to ensure that it is free from harmful bacteria, safe and it compliances with the Iraqi standard specifications. Some trace mineral elements such as (Iron, Copper, Lead, and Cadmium) were also estimated, where 10 brands of these meats were collected. Bacteriological tests were carried out which included (total bacterial count, Staphylococcus bacteria, Salmonella bacteria). The results showed highest number of total bacterial count 13×105 CFU/g in F8 brand, while the lowest number of bacteria 5×101 CFU/g in F3 brand. However, Staphylococcal bacteria showed the highest number of 66×102 CFU/g in F7 brand, while the lowest number of Staphylococcal bacteria amounted to 1×101 CFU/g in F9 brand. The number of Salmonella bacteria in imported meat samples, the two brands contained Salmonella bacteria were (F2, F7), while the other brands were free of Salmonella bacteria. The results showed that the highest concentration of Cu was 1.658 μg/g in F7 brand, whereas the lowest concentration of Cu was in F6 brand amounting to 0.093 μg/g. However, highest concentration of Pb reached 0.040 μg/g in F6 brand, while the lowest concentration of Pb was recorded in F2 brand reaching 0.002 μg/g. Furthermore, the highest concentration of Cd was 0.004 μg/g in F7 brand whereas the lowest detected concentration of Cd was in (F1, F4, F5, F9, and F10) brands reaching 0.000 μg/g.
The Relationship Between the Above-Ground Biomass and the Vegetation Cover Indices at Different Salinity Levels
Authors: Salman Afrah Kadem , Wheib Kusay Abdulrazzak
Published: April 2023

The current study was carried out to find out the relationship between the Above-Ground Biomass and the spectral vegetative indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, Difference Vegetation Index) (NDVI, SAVI, DVI) for soils with different salinity levels. Al Salamiyat Project was chosen as a study area located at an altitude of 34 m above sea level and within the geographical coordinates (E 44°.09´13.65´´ N 33°.25´ 07.87´´ and E 44°.17´ 46.03´´ N 33°.2l´40.72´´), with a total area of 14265 Dunum. Surface and subsurface soil samples were chosen from the study area and according to the previously defined salinity units, except for the salinity map that was updated based on the soil samples of the current study. After updating the salinity map of this project, 12 Pedons (two Pedon for each salinity unit) were excavated and morphologically described. Then, the soil samples were taken from each horizon to estimate the physical and chemical properties and biomass values for each site. The study showed that the soil salinity Ece in the study Pedon ranged from 1.1 dS/m in the C2 horizon for the twelfth Pedon to 41.6 dS/m in the upper Az horizon of the ninth Pedon. It also showed that there is a high correlation (r = 0.553) between the values of soil salinity and the biomass of plants growing in it, which confirms that the biomass was increasing with the increase in soil salinity. Furthermore, the (NDVI) showed a variation in the study area, ranging from 0.386 to 0.473, while the values of this index ranged from 0.1568 to 0.4093, as it was observed that there is a direct relationship between them (r = 0.643). The values of (SAVI) showed a difference between the studied Pedon sites, the values of this index ranged from 0.0581 to 0.7100, and it was also ranged from 0.1087 to 0.6213 for the same Pedon value. Whereas the values of the (DVI) index ranged between -0.0023 to 0.0942 and from 0.0197 to 0.0874 for the study Pedon, this index showed a highly significant relationship with the above-ground biomass (r = 0.825).
Effect of Rhizobium Leguminosarum Inoculum, Rice Hulls, and Urea Fertilizer on Broad Bean Plants’ Growth and Yield Traits (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Hussain Saja Nadhim , Kamal Jawad Abdul-Kadhim
Published: April 2023

The study was designed to determine the effect of bacterial fertilizer (Rhizobium Leguminosarum), hulls of rice crop, and urea fertilizer on the growth and yield parameters of the broad bean crop (Vicia faba L.). The experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2021 in the Al-Daghara district, 17 km north of the center of the Al-Diwaniyah Governorate. Two levels of Rhizobium Leguminosarum bacteria (R0) control and (R1) bacterial application, three levels of organic fertilizer (rice hulls) (S0, S3, and S5) mg/ha, and three levels of urea fertilizer (U0, U50, and U75) kg N .ha-1 and their overlap. The results of the statistical analysis present that the interaction treatment (R1 + S5 + U75) resulted in the highest values for the parameters of plant height, dry weight of the vegetative part and dry weight of the root system, and total yield, which were 72,163 cm/Plant-1, 10,685 g/plant-1/dry weight, 5.867 g/plant-1, 10,985 mg/ha.
Variation of the Particle Size Distribution for the Soil in the Middle Euphrates Regions
Authors: Hamed Maha Abd Al-Kareem , Al-Quraishi Amal R. J.
Published: April 2023

The study locations were chosen within the central Euphrates regions, which include the provinces of (Babylon, Diwaniyah, Karbala, Najaf, and Muthanna), which lie between longitudes 31.2926 to 32.9055 north and latitudes 44.0332 to 45.3845 east by UTM system. Fifteen pedons were discovered, three pedons in each province, two for planted soil and one for uncultivated soil, and their horizons were described in a morphological and fundamental manner, and their coordinates were determined. Samples were obtained from each horizon, saved and brought to the laboratory for the necessary laboratory measurements. The results of the morphological description showed that the soils of the Middle Euphrates regions are calcareous sedimentary newly formed with flat topography, and the natural vegetation of the Bermuda grass, cogongrass and Alhagi in its soil. As for the color of the soil, the results indicated that the color is homogeneous in wavelength and the difference in intensity and purity of the color. Soils with fine and moderately fine textures were prevalent. It had an angular block structure in all the horizons of the cultivated soils, except for the uncultivated soils. Its construction was of the acute-angled block type, while the strength of the soil was varied in all cases and in all horizons. The results indicated that the size distribution of the soil separates is different, but the predominance of the silt separate, followed by clay and then sand. In terms of its variance, sand was the most variance, where its coefficient of variation ranged between 81.99 - 60.72%, followed by clay, whose coefficient of variation ranged between 47.02 - 29.32%. As for the silt, it was the least variance, where its coefficient of variation ranged between 17.49 - 11.10. These separates were distributed unnaturally, with negative and positive Skewness, and with a flat negative and positive distribution in most soil horizons and locations.
Spatial Distribution of Soil Quality and Health Index for the Umm Al-Naaj Marsh in Maysan
Authors: Al-Hassan Mohammad Jaafar Ali , Ati Alaa Salih , Hussein Hadi Hashim
Published: April 2023

The Umm Al-Naaj Marsh was chosen in Maysan province, and it is one of the sections of Mar Al-Hawza, which is one of the most prominent Iraqi marshes in the south. The marshes are located between latitudes 30 35 and 32 45 latitudes and longitudes 13 46 and 48 00. The area of the study area is 76479.432142 hectares to evaluate soil quality and health index and their spatial distribution based on measuring physical, chemical, biological and fertility traits and calculating the total quality index for those characteristics. Using an auger drilling machine, we collected 50 randomly selected surface samples, evenly distributed across the study region, from Al-Aq 0.0–0.30 m, noting their precise locations along the way. Soil health and quality were evaluated by determining the weight of evidence for physical, chemical, biological, and fertility parameters. The percentage of the second class in relation to the physical properties of the soil, which corresponds to the moderate variety of soil health, reached 100% of the study area. As for the chemical traits, the first class (poor) recorded 5.5%, the second class (moderate) 94%, and the third class (good) 0.5% of the area study area, While the percentage of the second class (moderate) for biological traits was 99.99%, and the first class (poor) appeared by 0.002% of the entire study area. As for the fertility traits, the first class (poor) appeared by 46%, the second class (moderate) by 68% and the third class good) by 6% of the study area. In comparison to the total quality index, the moderate variety accounted for 100% of the soil quality and overall health index in the study area, whereas the poor and good cultivars were nowhere to be found.
Effect of Inoculation with Bacterial and Fungal Biofertilizers on Growth and Flowering of Lilium spp. using Alternative Irrigation Salinized Water
Authors: Sadiq S. M. , Abdullatif S. A.
Published: April 2023

This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Janat Al-Nakheel company located in khazmiah/Baghdad from 1/9/2020 to 1/6/2021 and aimed to study the effect of inoculation with fungal and bacterial biofertilizers on the growth and flowering of Lilium spp. under the influence of alternating irrigation with salt water. The experiment was implemented as a factorial experiment using the RCBD randomized complete block design with two factors, the first factor included inoculation with biofertilizers, while the second factor included alternating irrigation with saline water and the interaction between them. The results showed that the interaction between biofertilizers and tap water gave the highest recordings of vegetative and flowering growth in terms of plant height (48.63) cm, stem diameter (9.9) mm, leaf area (878.0) mm, concentration of proline in leaves (2.06) and peroxidase enzyme activity (6.95) The content of MDA leaves (0.531), flowering period (31.17) days, flower diameter (16.75) cm, number of flower buds (9.5) flower bud, carotene pigment concentration in flowers (3.027) and flowering age (22.00) days, as well as root length (22.03) cm and the percentage of dry matter in the roots (12.45)%.
Marine Algae and Applications to Plant Nutrition: A review
Authors: Al-Ealayawi Z. A. , Al-Dulaimy Ahmed F. Z.
Published: April 2023

Clean (organic) agriculture is defined as an integrated production, economic, social and environmental system in line with the historical foundations that humans have followed in agriculture throughout history, it has been confirmed during the long history of agriculture on the surface of the earth that this method has the character of continuity or sustainability. It is also known as the method of agricultural production in which the use of harmful chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides is avoided. Many may think that clean farming methods are one method, but in fact there are several methods, all of which fall under the concept of developing vital natural systems. The disposal of marine plant residues is still a major problem at the present time, which requires finding appropriate solutions in order to reduce environmental pollution problems. One of the most important methods used recently is its use in plant nutrition, as marine algae are an important organic source that is used in low concentrations in supplying plants with essential nutrients, it contains micro and macro nutrients, amino acids and organic matter, as well as containing growth-promoting substances such as vitamins, polysaccharides, auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins. Algae compost and extracts are used as fertilizer supplements, either by adding them directly to the soil or spraying them on the vegetative system of plants in order to improve growth and production, as well as reducing pollution as it is one of the safe nutrients for the environment and humans.
The Role of Bactosan and Zinc Fertilization on some Vegetative and Chemical Characteristics of Broccoli Brassica Oleracea var. Italica
Authors: Hameed Mohammed Mahmood , Obaid Mohammed Hadi
Published: April 2023

In the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Karbala, Iraq, a field experiment was conducted to study the role of Bactosan and zinc spraying on broccoli’s vegetative and chemical properties for the 2021-2022 agricultural season. Bactosan concentration (0, 6, and 8 L h-1) and zinc concentration (0 and 1 g L-1) were two factors in an experiment with a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Three replications were used to test each of these factors. The investigation results were reached: Bactosan displayed a significant effect at 8 L h-1 on vegetative and chemical traits, while at concentration 0 L h-1 had the lowest rates. Spraying with zinc at concentration 1 g L-1 increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, vegetative dry matter weight, and chemical characteristics. Note that concentration 0 g. L-1 gave the lowest rate in the traits mentioned above. The interaction between Bactosan and zinc showed a significant increase in all vegetative and chemical features when the exchange at 1 g L-1 and 8L h-1, which gave the highest indicators in (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and number of Leaves, dry weight of shoots, chlorophyll content of leaves, percentage of ascorbic acid, percentage of carbohydrates and rate of protein in curd head). Based on these findings, we may conclude that Bactosan and zinc contribute to an improvement in broccoli’s chemical features and its vegetative development characteristics.
Effect of Organic and Biostimulaters (Zytonic-F) on Growth and Yield of Two Lettuce Cultivars
Authors: Ismail Duaa Sabah , Obeid Mohammed Hadi
Published: April 2023

Seeds, plants, and soil are all treated with biostimulators, which can be either natural or synthetic. Seed and grain quality and yield can be improved by using these substances, which have a direct impact on plant growth. An experiment involving two lettuce varieties (local variety and Lceberg Crisphead Lettuce) was carried out to investigate the effect of two Biostimulaters combinations (poultry litter and Zytonic-F) fertilizer as a second factor, in order to study how organic fertilizers affect the growth and yield of two lettuce varieties due to a lack of studies involving organic fe. Observations showed that the local variety was responsible for a rise in vegetative growth, yield, and leaf phosphorous. Lceberg Crisphead Lettuce’s chlorophyll content was higher, but its nitrogen and potassium content in leaves was not significantly higher or lower than the local variety. However, fertilizer combinations were significantly different from the control. When it came to lettuce production and vegetative growth, the treatments F8 (poultry manure 20 tons. ha-1 + Zytonic-F 0.04g+10g of peat moos plant-1) had the greatest results for all parameters studied.
Effect of Nano-Fertilizer and Boron on Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Two Hybrids of Cabbage Plant (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.)
Authors: Al-Jubouri Amal H. Abob , Abdulrahman Harith Burhan Aldeen
Published: April 2023

Research into the impact of spraying balanced Nano-fertilizer and boron on the vegetative growth characteristics of two hybrids of the cabbage plant, Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., was conducted during the 2021/9/1 agricultural season at the Horticultural Research Station and Landscape - Agriculture College - Tikrit University. There were three variables in this study: the first was the concentration of the balanced Nano-fertilizer NPK (30, 20, 0 gL-1), the second was the concentration of the boron spray (5, 10, 20 mgL-1), and the third was the hybrids (Dlal, Globe Master). Duncan’s multiple range test was utilized for the statistical analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Duncan’s multiple range test with a 5% significance level was used to compare the outcomes. In summary, the study found that spraying the plant with a concentration of 30gL-1 of Nano-fertilizer significantly increased plant height, the number of outer and inner leaves of the head, and the length and width of the longest leaf, while spraying with a concentration of 20mg L-1 gave the highest value in the rate of dry material. Height, number of outer and inner leaves of the head, chlorophyll, and leaf area were all significantly boosted when the plant was sprayed with 5mg L-1 of boron. The hybrid Dlal outperformed the hybrid Globe Master in every growth-related quality tested, especially in terms of leaf characteristics.
Reducing the Chemical Fertilizer by Nano Fertilizers in Two Varieties of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Al-Bayati Hussein J. M. , Alabade Ahmed I. Y. , Al-Khashab Safwan M. H. , Malallah Kalid A. G.
Published: April 2023

The study was conducted in the field of vegetables at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape, the University of Mosul, during the spring season of 2021 to demonstrate the possibility of reducing the ground addition of NPK fertilizer by foliar Nano NPK fertilizer with two concentrations (2 and 4 g l-1) in two potato cultivars Montreal and Arizona, The study was conducted in split plots system based on of RCBD, cultivars Factor as a main plots, the fertilizer combinations arranged in the subplots with three replicates, and the results were as follows: The treatment of the fertilizer combination 50% ground fertilizer + 4 g l-1 Nano fertilizer in the Arizona variety (T2) significantly increased the number of total and marketing tubers, the fertilizer combination 50% ground fertilizer + 4 g l-1 Nano fertilizer in Montreal variety (T2) significantly increased total and marketing average weight tuber, total and marketing yield of the plant, the whole and marketing yield of tubers (52.866 and 51.088 t ha-1), respectively, the fertilizer combination of 25% ground fertilizer + 4 g l-1 Nano fertilizer increased the rate of dry matter and starch in tubers (18.48 and 12.48%) respectively.
Effect of Explants Type and Plant Growth Regulators on the Stimulation and Multiplication of Vegetative Branches of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in Vitro
Authors: Kadhim Shurook Hakim , Almukhtar Sarab A.
Published: April 2023

The study included the use of plant tissue culture technology in the use of plant parts and different combinations in the emergence and multiplication of farms of the vegetative branches of the fenugreek plant(1,2,3)mg.l-1 BA, and the second stage was carried out by cultivating the growths resulting from the nodes grown in the previous stage on the MS medium, which was prepared with different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3) mg.l-1 BA and (0.0,0.1,0.2,0.4)mg.L-1 NAA. The study’s results showed that the concentration of 2 mg.L-1 BA achieved a response rate of 80% compared to the peaks that did not respond. The results also showed that the same concentration of benzyl adenine achieved the highest rate in the number and length of branches, and the number of leaves reached 8.69.plant-1, 4.00 cm, 26.33 leaves.plant) respectively, compared with the control treatment that achieved the lowest rate, and the concentration 0.2 mg.l-1 NAA excelled in achieving the highest rate of the number of branches and leaves reached (7.49 branches. plant-1 and 21.50 leaves.plant-1) respectively. In comparison, the concentration of 0.4 mg.l-1 NAA excelled in achieving the highest average length of branches, reaching 3.92 cm.