bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-staphylococcal activity of a polyphenol-rich citrus extract: synergy with β-lactams and low proficiency to induce resistance
Authors: Mazzantini Diletta , Massimino Mariacristina , Calvigioni Marco , Rossi Virginia , Celandroni Francesco , Lupetti Antonella , Batoni Giovanna , Ghelardi Emilia
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Antibiotic resistance represents one of the most significant threats to public health in the 21st century. Polyphenols, natural molecules with antibacterial activity produced by plants, are being considered as alternative antimicrobial strategies to manage infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of a polyphenol mixture extracted from citrus fruits, against both antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Methods

Broth microdilution and time-kill curve experiments were used to test the extract anti-staphylococcal activity. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the hemolysis assay. The interaction between the mixture and antibiotics was investigated by the checkerboard assay. The effect of B alone and in combination with oxacillin on the membrane potential was investigated by the 3,3′-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide assay. The ability of the extract to induce the development of resistance was verified by propagating S. aureus for 10 transfers in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations.

Results

The citrus extract was found to be active against all Staphylococcus strains at remarkably low concentrations (0.0031 and 0.0063%), displaying rapid bactericidal effects without being toxic on erythrocytes. In particular, B was found to rapidly cause membrane depolarization. When combined with methicillin, meropenem, and oxacillin, the mixture displayed synergistic activity exclusively against methicillin-resistant strains. We additionally show that the sequential exposure of S. aureus to sub-inhibitory concentrations did not induce the development of resistance against the extract.

Discussion

Overall, these findings support the potential use of the citrus extract as promising option to manage staphylococcal infections and suggest that it may counteract the mechanism behind methicillin-resistance.
Advancements in the impact of human microbiota and probiotics on leukemia
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhao Xiaotong , Zhang Jingxian , Zhang Yaodong , Wei Yongjun
Published: July 2024

The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that plays a crucial role in promoting the interaction between the body and its environment. It has been increasingly recognized that the gut microbiota has diverse physiological functions. Recent studies have shown a close association between the gut microbiota and the development of certain tumors, including leukemia. Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of one or more types of blood cells, which is the most common cancer in children. The imbalance of gut microbiota is linked to the pathological mechanisms of leukemia. Probiotics, which are beneficial microorganisms that help maintain the balance of the host microbiome, play a role in regulating gut microbiota. Probiotics have the potential to assist in the treatment of leukemia and improve the clinical prognosis of leukemia patients. This study reviews the relationship between gut microbiota, probiotics, and the progression of leukemia based on current research. In addition, utilizing zebrafish leukemia models in future studies might reveal the specific mechanisms of their interactions, thereby providing new insights into the clinical treatment of leukemia. In conclusion, further investigation is still needed to fully understand the accurate role of microbes in leukemia.
Isolation and characterization of novel acetogenic strains of the genera Terrisporobacter and Acetoanaerobium
Authors: Böer Tim , Schüler Miriam Antonia , Lüschen Alina , Eysell Lena , Dröge Jannina , Heinemann Melanie , Engelhardt Lisa , Basen Mirko , Daniel Rolf , Poehlein Anja
Published: July 2024

Due to their metabolic versatility in substrate utilization, acetogenic bacteria represent industrially significant production platforms for biotechnological applications such as syngas fermentation, microbial electrosynthesis or transformation of one-carbon substrates. However, acetogenic strains from the genera Terrisporobacter and Acetoanaerobium remained poorly investigated for biotechnological applications. We report the isolation and characterization of four acetogenic Terrisporobacter strains and one Acetoanaerobium strain. All Terrisporobacter isolates showed a characteristic growth pattern under a H2 + CO2 atmosphere. An initial heterotrophic growth phase was followed by a stationary growth phase, where continuous acetate production was indicative of H2-dependent acetogenesis. One of the novel Terrisporobacter isolates obtained from compost (strain COMT) additionally produced ethanol besides acetate in the stationary growth phase in H2-supplemented cultures. Genomic and physiological characterizations showed that strain COMT represented a novel Terrisporobacter species and the name Terrisporobacter vanillatitrophus is proposed (=DSM 116160T = CCOS 2104T). Phylogenomic analysis of the novel isolates and reference strains implied the reclassification of the T. petrolearius/T. hibernicus phylogenomic cluster to the species T. petrolearius and of the A. noterae/A. sticklandii phylogenomic cluster to the species A. sticklandii. Furthermore, we provide first insights into active prophages of acetogens from the genera Terrisporobacter and Acetoanaerobium.
Baseline gut microbiota profiles affect treatment response in patients with depression
Authors: Xie Yingjing , Zhu Hanwen , Yuan Yanling , Guan Xuan , Xie Qinglian , Dong Zaiquan
Published: July 2024

The role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of depression has been explored in numerous studies, which have confirmed that the baseline gut microbial profiles of patients with depression differ from those of healthy individuals. The gut microbiome affects metabolic activity in the immune and central nervous systems and regulates intestinal ecology through the neuroendocrine system. Additionally, baseline changes in the gut microbiota differed among patients with depression who demonstrated varying treatment response. Currently, probiotics are an emerging treatment for depression; however, the efficacy of modulating the gut microbiota in the treatment of depression remains uncertain. Additionally, the mechanisms by which changes in the gut microbiota affect treatment response in patients with depression remain unclear. In this review, we aimed to summarize the differences in the baseline gut microbiota between the remission and non-remission groups after antidepressant therapy. Additionally, we summarized the possible mechanisms that may contribute to antidepressant resistance through the effects of the gut microbiome on the immune and nervous systems, various enzymes, bioaccumulation, and blood–brain barrier, and provide a basis for treating depression by targeting the gut microbiota.
A nomogram for individualized prediction of mild cognitive impairment in patients with subjective cognitive decline during physical examinations: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhong Tangsheng , Dou Le , Liu Peiqi , Huang Kexin , Wang Yonghong , Chen Li
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives

To develop a nomogram for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) undergoing physical examinations in China.

Methods

We enrolled 370 patients undergoing physical examinations at the Medical Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Province, China, from October 2022 to March 2023. Of the participants, 256 were placed in the SCD group, and 74 were placed in the MCI group. The population was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a 7:3 ratio. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was applied to optimize feature selection for the model. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to construct a predictive model. The performance and clinical utility of the nomogram were determined using Harrell’s concordance index, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

Cognitive reserve (CR), age, and a family history of hypertension were associated with the occurrence of MCI. The predictive nomogram showed satisfactory performance, with a concordance index of 0.755 (95% CI: 0.681–0.830) in internal verification. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test results suggested that the model exhibited good fit (p = 0.824). In addition, DCA demonstrated that the predictive nomogram had a good clinical net benefit.

Discussion

We developed a simple nomogram that could help secondary preventive health care workers to identify elderly individuals with SCD at high risk of MCI during physical examinations to enable early intervention.
Chaos control in cardiac dynamics: terminating chaotic states with local minima pacing
Authors: Suth Daniel , Luther Stefan , Lilienkamp Thomas
Published: July 2024

Current treatments of cardiac arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation involve the application of a high-energy electric shock, that induces significant electrical currents in the myocardium and therefore involves severe side effects like possible tissue damage and post-traumatic stress. Using numerical simulations on four different models of 2D excitable media, this study demonstrates that low energy pulses applied shortly after local minima in the mean value of the transmembrane potential provide high success rates. We evaluate the performance of this approach for ten initial conditions of each model, ten spatially different stimuli, and different shock amplitudes. The investigated models of 2D excitable media cover a broad range of dominant frequencies and number of phase singularities, which demonstrates, that our findings are not limited to a specific kind of model or parameterization of it. Thus, we propose a method that incorporates the dynamics of the underlying system, even during pacing, and solely relies on a scalar observable, which is easily measurable in numerical simulations.
Vortioxetine treatment for neuropathic pain in major depressive disorder: a three-month prospective study
Authors: Eliaçık Sinan , Erdogan Kaya Ayse
Published: July 2024

Introduction and objective

Several studies revealed the therapeutic potential of vortioxetine (Vo) for pain. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Vo as a safe and tolerable novel pharmacologic agent in treating neuropathic pain (NP) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Materials and methods

The population of this cross-sectional prospective study consisted of all consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with MDD by a neurology doctor at a psychiatric clinic and had NP for at least 6 months. All patients included in the sample were started on Vo treatment at 10 mg/day. They were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Self-Reported Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS), Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Neuropathic Pain Impact on Quality of Life (NePIQoL) at the beginning of treatment and during the follow visits conducted at the end of the first, second and third months of the treatment. During these follow-up visits, patients were also queried about any side effects of Vo.

Results

The mean age of 50 patients included in the sample, 76% of whom were female, was 45.8 ± 11.2 years. There was a significant reduction in patients’ NP complaints based on DN4 and S-LANNS, the subscales of NePIQoL, and significant improvement in MoCA. There was a significant reduction in patients’ NP complaints based on DN4 and S-LANNS scores and a significant improvement in scores of the subscales of NePIQoL and MoCA.

Conclusion

The study’s findings indicate that Vo, with its multiple mechanisms of action, can effectively treat NP independently of its mood-stabilizing effect. Future indication studies for Vo are needed to establish Vo’s efficacy in treating NP.
HR-MRI-based nomogram network calculator to predict stroke recurrence in high-risk non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events patients
Authors: Li Zi-ang , Gao Yu , Han Lin , Xie Bei-chen , Sun Yan-cong , Zhai Xiao-yang , Zhang Ping , Li Yong-dong , Yue Jun-yan , Yan Rui-fang , Cui Hong-Kai
Published: July 2024

Background and objective

To investigate the use of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) to identify the characteristics of culprit plaques in intracranial arteries, and to evaluate the predictive value of the characteristics of culprit plaques combined with the modified Essen score for the recurrence risk of high-risk non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events (HR-NICE) patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 180 patients with HR-NICE at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, including 128 patients with no recurrence (non-recurrence group) and 52 patients with recurrence (recurrence group). A total of 65 patients with HR-NICE were collected from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University as a validation group, and their modified Essen scores, high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall images, and clinical data were collected. The culprit plaques were analyzed using VesselExplorer2 software. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for recurrence, and a nomogram was constructed using R software to evaluate the discrimination of the model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the model performance. Calibration curves and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the model efficacy.

Results

Intra-plaque hemorrhage (OR = 3.592, 95% CI = 1.474–9.104, p = 0.006), homocysteine (OR = 1.098, 95% CI = 1.025–1.179, p = 0.007), and normalized wall index (OR = 1.114, 95% CI = 1.027–1.222, p = 0.015) were significantly higher in the recurrent stroke group than in the non-recurrent stroke group, and were independent risk factors for recurrent stroke. The performance of the nomogram model (AUC = 0.830, 95% CI: 0.769–0.891; PR-AUC = 0.628) was better than that of the modified Essen scoring model (AUC = 0.660, 95% CI: 0.583–0.738) and the independent risk factor combination model (AUC = 0.827, 95% CI: 0.765–0.889). The nomogram model still had good model performance in the validation group (AUC = 0.785, 95% CI: 0.671–0.899), with a well-fitting calibration curve and a DCA curve indicating good net benefit efficacy for patients.

Conclusion

High-resolution vessel wall imaging combined with a modified Essen score can effectively assess the recurrence risk of HR-NICE patients, and the nomogram model can provide a reference for identifying high-risk populations with good clinical application prospects.
Evaluation of the nutritional quality of French children breakfasts according to the Breakfast Quality Score (BQS)
Authors: Poinsot Romane , Hopkins Sinead , Maillot Matthieu
Published: July 2024

Background

Breakfast meals provide essential nutrients and energy to children and adolescents. Based on recommendations from the International Breakfast Research Initiative (IBRI), the Breakfast Quality Score (BQS) was developed to assess breakfast nutritional value among the French adult population. However, its application to children remains unexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the BQS in assessing the nutritional quality of breakfasts consumed by French children aged 4–17 years.

Methods

A total of 4,015 breakfasts, obtained from dietary recalls provided by 1,448 children participating in the French representative dietary survey (INCA3), were analyzed. As for adults, the performance of the BQS was tested through correlations with other nutritional indicators and comparison of nutrients and dietary components between tertiles of scores. The study examined the regularity of breakfast consumption and compared the BQS of children’s breakfasts across socio-demographic modalities and breakfast categories distinguished by their primary grain component. Additionally, a predictive modeling using Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression identified influential INCA3 food groups.

Results

The majority of children consumed solid breakfasts regularly. Socio-professional category, household income and food insecurity influenced BQS, revealing contradictory disparities. Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) breakfasts had the highest BQS (73.5% for children and 73.1% for adolescent), while biscuits and viennoiseries scored the lowest (52% for children and 49.1% for adolescent). PLS highlighted RTECs, milk, and hot beverages (mainly containing chocolate milk) as being positively associated with BQS, while sweet beverages and viennoiseries were negatively associated.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the BQS in assessing children’s breakfast quality, with RTEC breakfasts showing the highest nutritional value. The findings provide insights into factors influencing breakfast nutritional quality and underscore the importance of promoting healthier breakfast choices among all children.
Case report: Magnetic resonance imaging findings of patients with diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis
Authors: Zhang Zanhua , Lin Xianhui , Wang Xue , He Fang , Cai Weiwei , Min Xiaoyan , Xiang Fei
Published: July 2024

Background

Diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis (DUL) is a seldom-seen condition, with only a handful of cases of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings documented. In clinical settings, it is often mistaken for multiple uterine leiomyomas due to a lack of adequate recognition of DUL.

Objective

This study shows two instances of DUL, underscoring their MRI findings to improve preoperative diagnostic precision.

Conclusion

For patients exhibiting multiple uterine leiomyomas with masses present in the parametrial and abdominal cavities, consideration should be given to diagnosing DUL with DPL. The discoveries outlined in this paper furnish insights that can assist in directing treatment choices.
Mechanism and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in sepsis
Authors: Fu Chen-Fei , Li Jian-Long , Chen Jia-Wei , Liang Hao , Zhao Wen-Rui , He Shi-Yu , Ma Xiao-Wei , Yang Xiao-Fan , Wang He-Lin
Published: July 2024

Sepsis is a complex syndrome characterized by multi-organ dysfunction, due to the presence of harmful microorganisms in blood which could cause mortality. Complications associated with sepsis involve multiple organ dysfunction. The pathogenesis of sepsis remains intricate, with limited treatment options and high mortality rates. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has consistently demonstrated to have a potential on various disease management. Its complements include reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory pathways, regulating immune responses, and improving microcirculation. Traditional Chinese medicine can mitigate or even treat sepsis in a human system. This review examines progress on the use of TCM extracts for treating sepsis through different pharmacological action and its mechanisms. The potential targets of TCM extracts and active ingredients for the treatment of sepsis and its complications have been elucidated through molecular biology research, network pharmacology prediction, molecular docking analysis, and visualization analysis. Our aim is to provide a theoretical basis and empirical support for utilizing TCM in the treatment of sepsis and its complications while also serving as a reference for future research and development of sepsis drugs.
Falls in hospitalized older adults and the use of fall risk-increasing drugs and anticholinergic medications in Colombia: a case‒control study
Authors: Machado-Duque Manuel E. , Camacho-Arteaga Lina , Sabaté Mónica , Vidal-Guitart Xavier , Machado-Alba Jorge E.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

In-hospital falls are multicausal in older hospitalized patients. Drugs with anticholinergic load and psychotropic effects can increase the risk of falling.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the associations between fall risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) and the anticholinergic risk score (ARS) with falls in hospitalized older hospitalized patients.

Methods

This was a case‒control study of patients ≥65 years of age of either sex treated in four clinics in Colombia between 2018 and 2020. Each patient who suffered a fall during hospitalization was matched with four hospitalized patients who did not. Sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacologic variables and the use of the ARS and FRIDs were evaluated. The risk associated with FRIDs was estimated using conditional logistic regression.

Results

There were 250 patients and 1,000 controls (ratio of 1:4), with a mean age of 77.4 ± 7.4 years and a predominance of men (n = 800, 64.0%). The majority of falls occurred during hospitalization (n = 192 patients, 76.8%). Polypharmacy, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, sodium–glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were associated with falls during hospitalization. With an ARS score of 3, the probability of falling during the hospital stay increased (aOR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.64–3.32).

Conclusion

There is an association between suffering a fall and the use of drugs with anticholinergic load or FRIDs in hospitalized adults more than 65 years of age in Colombia.
Efficacy and safety of ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of Chinese patients with vascular dementia: A systematic review meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Liangyi , Tang Jie , Tan Huizhong , Xie Yao , Wang Shiliang , Xie Le , Wu Dahua
Published: July 2024

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil hydrochloride vs. donepezil for the treatment of vascular dementia (VaD).

Methods: Four English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases [the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Wanfang DATA, the Chongqing VIP Database (VIP), China Biomedical Database (CBM)] were manually searched for literature published from dates of the inception of the databases to September 2023. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ginkgo biloba extract with donepezil hydrochloride vs. donepezil for the treatment of VaD were included. Relevant literature was screened, and the data in the included studies were extracted for quality assessment according to the Risk of bias tool.

Results: A total of 1,309 participants were enrolled in the 15 RCTs. Of these, 656 participants were in the experimental group (ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil) and 653 participants were in the control group (donepezil).The results showed that combination therapy was superior to donepezil alone, and there were statistically significant differences in several outcomes including RR in change for total effective rate (1.28, 95% confidence intervals 1.20, 1.38, p < 0.001), MD in change for Mini-Mental State Examination score (2.98, 95%CI 2.31, 3.65, p < 0.001), Barthel Index score (8.55,95%CI 1.11, 15.99, p = 0.024), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL)score (10.11,95% CI 7.16,13.07,p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil dramatically improved the total effective rate, MMSE, BI and ADL scores, and decreased homocysteine (HCY), plasma viscosity (PV), whole blood viscosity at high cut (BVH) and whole blood viscosity at low cut (BVL) in VaD patients, while the effect on mean flow velocity and pulse index (PI) of middle cerebral artery (MCA) is not obvious. However, more relevant high-quality RCTs are needed to validate these results.

Systematic Review Registration: Identifier CRD42023474678.
Targeting z-Crystallin by aspirin restores the sensitivity to cisplatin in resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Lulli Matteo , Trabocchi Andrea , Roviello Giandomenico , Catalano Martina , Papucci Laura , Parenti Astrid , Molli Alice , Napoli Cristina , Landini Ida , Schiavone Nicola , Lapucci Andrea
Published: July 2024

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynaecologic malignancies worldwide. Platinum based chemotherapy is the mainstay treatment for ovarian cancer; however, frequent recurrence and chemoresistance onset in patients with advanced diseases remain a therapeutic challenge. Although mechanisms underlying the development of chemoresistance are still ambiguous, the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family is closely associated with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. We previously disclosed that Zeta-Crystallin (CryZ) is a post-transcriptional regulator of Bcl-2 gene expression, by binding to Bcl-2 mRNA and increasing its half-life. Here, we investigated the role of CryZ as a novel therapeutic target in A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells by modulating the protein activity with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to restore chemosensitivity. Molecular docking and fragment-mapping based approach revealed potential interaction of ASA within CryZ protein. Inhibition of CryZ binding activity to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl mRNA targets by ASA was demonstrated in A375 cells. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted in A2780S and A2780R ovarian cancer cells to evaluate if CryZ binding activity inhibition and CryZ silencing were able to reverse cisplatin resistance. ASA-treatment determined a downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl mRNA levels in A2780S and A2780R cells. ASA-treatment or CryZ silencing were able to increase and restore the chemosensitivity in both sensitive and resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells, respectively. In this research article we demonstrated that the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CryZ restores the sensitivity to cisplatin in a model of sensitive or resistant ovarian cancer cells. These findings suggest a new gene-targeted chemotherapeutic approach to restore the cytotoxicity in drug-resistant ovarian cancers and increase the sensitivity in non-resistant cells.
Breaking the barrier: Nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy as the new vanguard in brain tumor treatment
Authors: Liu Shi feng , Li Meng Jiao , Liang Bing , Sun Wenshe , Shao Yingchun , Hu Xiaokun , Xing Dongming
Published: July 2024

The pursuit of effective treatments for brain tumors has increasingly focused on the promising area of nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy (NERT). This review elucidates the context and significance of NERT, with a particular emphasis on its application in brain tumor therapy—a field where traditional treatments often encounter obstacles due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor cells’ inherent resistance. The aims of this review include synthesizing recent advancements, analyzing action mechanisms, and assessing the clinical potential and challenges associated with nanoparticle (NP) use in radiotherapy enhancement. Preliminary preclinical studies have established a foundation for NERT, demonstrating that nanoparticles (NPs) can serve as radiosensitizers, thereby intensifying radiotherapy’s efficacy. Investigations into various NP types, such as metallic, magnetic, and polymeric, have each unveiled distinct interactions with ionizing radiation, leading to an augmented destruction of tumor cells. These interactions, encompassing physical dose enhancement and biological and chemical radio sensitization, are crucial to the NERT strategy. Although clinical studies are in their early phases, initial trials have shown promising results in terms of tumor response rates and survival, albeit with mindful consideration of toxicity profiles. This review examines pivotal studies affirming NERT’s efficacy and safety. NPs have the potential to revolutionize radiotherapy by overcoming challenges in targeted delivery, reducing off-target effects, and harmonizing with other modalities. Future directions include refining NP formulations, personalizing therapies, and navigating regulatory pathways. NERT holds promise to transform brain tumor treatment and provide hope for patients.
Exploring the genetic architecture of powdery mildew resistance in wheat through QTL meta-analysis
Authors: Sharma Divya , Budhlakoti Neeraj , Kumari Anita , Saini Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Anshu , Yadav Aakash , Mir Reyazul Rouf , Singh Amit Kumar , Vikas V. K. , Singh Gyanendra Pratap , Kumar Sundeep
Published: July 2024

Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, poses a significant threat to wheat production, necessitating the development of genetically resistant varieties for long-term control. Therefore, exploring genetic architecture of PM in wheat to uncover important genomic regions is an important area of wheat research. In recent years, the utilization of meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis has gained prominence as an essential tool for unraveling the complex genetic architecture underlying complex quantitative traits. The aim of this research was to conduct a QTL meta-analysis to pinpoint the specific genomic regions in wheat responsible for governing PM resistance. This study integrated 222 QTLs from 33 linkage-based studies using a consensus map with 54,672 markers. The analysis revealed 39 MQTLs, refined to 9 high-confidence MQTLs (hcMQTLs) with confidence intervals of 0.49 to 12.94 cM. The MQTLs had an average physical interval of 41.00 Mb, ranging from 0.000048 Mb to 380.71 Mb per MQTL. Importantly, 18 MQTLs co-localized with known resistance genes like Pm2, Pm3, Pm8, Pm21, Pm38, and Pm41. The study identified 256 gene models within hcMQTLs, providing potential targets for marker-assisted breeding and genomic prediction programs to enhance PM resistance. These MQTLs would serve as a foundation for fine mapping, gene isolation, and functional genomics studies, facilitating a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms. The identification of candidate genes opens up exciting possibilities for the development of PM-resistant wheat varieties after validation.
Development of a new environmentally friendly and efficient centrifugal variable diameter metering device
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhao Pengfei , Gao Xiaojun , Lai Qinghui
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The design of the maize metering device involves centrifugal variable diameter pneumatic and cleaning mechanisms, aiming to enhance the performance and power efficiency of pneumatic maize metering devices. Leveraging the impact of changes in centrifugal diameter and the guidance and positioning of airflow, we optimize the hole insert, seeding plate, seed limit board, and integrated front shell. This optimization facilitates the adjustment of both the quantity and posture of seed filling. As a result, seeds can form a uniform flow within the annular cavity, reducing the wind pressure necessary for regular operation and decreasing power consumption.

Methods

A quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experiment is conducted using a self-made experiment bench, considering ground speed, wind pressure, and seeding rate as the experiment factors. Furthermore, a comparative experiment involving a novel centrifugal variable-diameter type metering device.

Results

The results indicate optimal seeding performance when the ground speed is 13.2 km/h, the wind pressure is 1.2 kPa, and the feeding rate is 25 seeds/s. Under these conditions, the quality of feed index reaches 95.20%, the multi-index is 3.87%, and the miss index is 0.93%. Findings reveal that the developed seed metering device achieved a quality of feed index exceeding 93.00% across varying speeds of 12~18 km/h, aligning with the production requirements. Moreover, the actual power consumption of Type B and C is about 85.00% and 98.00% lower than Type A, standing at only 32.90 W at 18 km/h. The COP of Type C is about 86 times and 12 times that of Type A and B, respectively, meeting the demands for efficient production of maize seed metering devices.

Discussion

In comparison to traditional design and structural parameter optimization methods for maize seed metering device, this study is helpful to the sustainable development of maize industry and reduce environmental pollution.
The relationship between acculturative stress and psychological outcomes in international students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Soufi Amlashi Rasa , Majzoobi Mohammadreza , Forstmeier Simon
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The current systematic review aimed to examine the relationship between acculturative stress (AS) and psychological outcomes in international students to determine the role AS may play in predicting the mental health of international students.

Methods

The studies included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis had considered AS and its impact on psychological outcomes among international students studying abroad. After checking the studies found in our primary search through the scientific databases in terms of our eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included, of which 26 were eligible for a meta-analysis (total N = 7,247).

Results

Meta-analysis indicated a moderate mean correlation of AS with psychological outcomes like depression, life satisfaction, quality of life, vocational outcome expectations, drinking behaviors, resilience, health promotion behavior, psychological adjustment, psychological distress, negative affect, and mental health symptoms (r =  0.39) and depression (r =  0.41), respectively.

Discussion

The review of studies revealed a robust relationship between AS and increased negative psychological outcomes such as depression, psychological distress, and general stress, as well as decreased positive psychological outcomes such as psychological adjustment, mental health, life satisfaction, and quality of life.
Values as motivating factors for representatives of generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia within the European context
Authors: Dokoupilová Lucie , Cogiel Alina , Fero Martin
Published: July 2024

Generation Z is expected to officially surpass the Baby Boomers in the labor market by 2024 and to represent 30% of the global workforce by 2030. In the work environment, they are referred to oxymoronically as competitively ambivalent. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for this behavior and to identify initiatives that would facilitate understanding between Generation Z and other generations. The aim of the present study was to find out whether Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which lives in conditions of deepening polarization of society and differentiated opportunities (e.g., in access to education, consumption of goods and services, work and entertainment), exhibits compatible value orientation or whether significant antagonisms exist in the value system. The study utilized the referential Schwartz’s theory of values, which handles universal values dynamically. This theoretical framework was extended to include the dimension of instrumental values that were contextualized in the labor market environment. The results show that the representatives of Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia prefer collective values (Benevolence and Universalism) in the first two places. However, they subsequently lean toward two individual values (Hedonism and Self-Direction). The comparison of the results in the European context showed the same values being shared by the representatives of Generation Z with preference nuances. The comparison of Generation Z representatives with members of other generations in the European context showed consistency of sharing collective values (Benevolence and Universalism). Discussion: Intergenerational value congruence, as well as knowledge of the difference in preferred values across generations (the collectivism value of Tradition shared by Baby Boomers and Generation X, and Hedonism as an individualism value shared by Generation Y and Generation Z) can help the successful integration of Generation Z representatives in the labor market. A way toward intergenerational synergy can be the recommended strategies for managing Generation Z in the context of career paths: Flexibility of development; Gamification; Mentoring.
Prevalence and associated factors of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia in 2023: a cross−sectional study
Authors: Yenealem Biazin , Negash Misrak , Madoro Derebe , Molla Alemayehu , Nenko Goshu , Nakie Girum , Getnet Berhanie
Published: July 2024

Background

Malnutrition is one of the most significant child health problems in developing countries, accounting for an estimated 53% of child deaths per year. Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disability in women and adversely affects the health and well-being of mothers and their children. Studies have shown that maternal depression has an impact on infant growth and nutritional status. However, evidence is scarce regarding the relationship between maternal depression and child malnutrition.

Objectives

The general objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of maternal depression among mothers of undernourished children at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia in 2023.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 465 participants. Outcome variables were assessed using a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data were analyzed using SPSS-25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

The prevalence of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition was 36.4% (95% CI = 32%–41%). According to a multivariate analysis, lack of maternal education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.872, 95% CI = 1.502–5.492), unemployment (AOR = 2.581, 95% CI = 1.497–4.451), poor social support (AOR = 2.209, 95% CI = 1.314–3.713), perceived stigma (AOR = 2.243, 95% CI = 1.414–3.560), and stunting (AOR = 1.913, 95% CI = 1.129–3.241) were factors significantly associated with maternal depression.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of maternal depression was higher among mothers of children with undernutrition. This higher prevalence was associated with several factors, including lack of education, unemployment, poor social support, high perceived stigma, and stunted physical growth in the children themselves. To decrease maternal depression, we can address these factors by increasing the level of maternal education and employment opportunities, strengthening social support systems, reducing stigma, and providing interventions to reduce stunting.
Research in an intercultural context: mediator-investigators of epidemiological health studies, bridges between two worlds
Authors: Alcouffe Leslie , Tareau Marc-Alexandre , Oberlis Margot , Adenis Antoine , Vignier Nicolas
Published: July 2024

Context

French Guiana is a French overseas department where very different linguistic, cultural and societal populations live together in a small area. Health issues and their specific epidemiological profiles call for research projects crossing several cultures. In this context, health mediators have a role to play in research. The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions, attitudes and opinions on research of mediators and researchers collaborating on research projects, and to describe the strengths and difficulties encountered during this cooperation.

Methods

The Inter-med project was conducted in French Guiana between February 2022 and April 2023 on the base of semi-directive interviews with mediators, or researchers, all working in health research in the intercultural context of French Guiana. The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were described. An inductive thematic analysis was carried out on all the interviews, and word occurrence analysis on certain themes. The information was triangulated with field coordination notebooks from two epidemiological surveys conducted in French Guiana between 2021 and 2022.

Results

A total of 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted and 1,328 notebook pages analyzed. Mediation was described as an indispensable interface between the world of research and that of the population targeted by a survey. Mediators have a role to play at different stages of projects, in respect of good clinical practice, ethics and legislation. They act as interfaces between languages, concepts and representations. Their profession remains under-defined and under-dimensioned. The jobs offered are often precarious. Mediation work is emotionally costly, calls on soft skills and requires a combination of rigor and flexibility. All these aspects are implemented in the specific world of research, where there are common concepts and divergent perceptions. Researchers and mediators converge on a common goal: improving health.

Conclusion

This study covers several aspects of the development and implementation of research projects. Respect for good clinical practice and people, transparency and data quality are redundant concerns, and this study touches on ethnocentrism, stigmatization and cultural representations. This study points out that the integration and recognition of mediators could be beneficial in research conducted in a cross-cultural context.
Long-term care insurance in Italy: medico-legal and socio-economic profiles
Authors: Bailo Paolo , Pesel Giuliano , Gibelli Filippo , Sirignano Ascanio , Ricci Giovanna
Published: July 2024

Long-term care insurance (LTCI) plays a crucial role in providing substantial aid in non-self-sufficient situations and complementing existing state protection mechanisms. With an aging population and increasing demand for healthcare services LTC policies have become indispensable. While individual LTCI policies face adoption challenges, group insurances offer a more streamlined alternative. However, realizing the full potential of these insurances necessitates targeted legislative intervention to improve accessibility and ensure sustainability. This article explores the evolution of LTCI policies in Italy, offering an overview of the current landscape and highlighting the socio-economic and medico-legal factors shaping the present scenario. By providing this analysis, we seek to offer insights into the dynamic evolution of LTCI policies and the crucial role of legislative measures in enhancing their effectiveness and accessibility.
Reducing privacy risks of China’s healthcare big data through the policy framework
Authors: Shi Xinyuan
Published: July 2024

While healthcare big data brings great opportunities and convenience to the healthcare industry, it also inevitably raises the issue of privacy leakage. Nowadays, the whole world is facing the security threat of healthcare big data, for which a sound policy framework can help reduce privacy risks of healthcare big data. In recent years, the Chinese government and industry self-regulatory organizations have issued a series of policy documents to reduce privacy risks of healthcare big data. However, China’s policy framework suffers from the drawbacks of the mismatched operational model, the inappropriate operational method, and the poorly actionable operational content. Based on the experiences of the European Union, Australia, the United States, and other extra-territorial regions, strategies are proposed for China to amend the operational model of the policy framework, improve the operational method of the policy framework, and enhance the operability of the operational content of the policy framework. This study enriches the research on China’s policy framework to reduce privacy risks of healthcare big data and provides some inspiration for other countries.
Effects of heat shocks, heat waves, and sustained warming on solitary bees
Authors: Vilchez-Russell Kaleigh A. , Rafferty Nicole E.
Published: July 2024

Along with higher average temperatures, global climate change is expected to lead to more frequent and intense extreme heat events, and these different types of warming are likely to differ in their effects on bees. Although solitary bees comprise >75% of bee species, and despite their ecological and economic value as pollinators, a literature search revealed that only 8% of studies on bee responses to warming involve solitary bees. Here we review studies that have addressed how solitary bees are affected by three main types of warming that vary in magnitude and duration: heat shocks, heat waves, and sustained warming. We focus on direct physiological and behavioral effects of warming on solitary bees, rather than the underlying mechanisms. We find that heat shocks have received little attention in solitary bees both in terms of number of studies and relative to social bees, and all of those studies examine the effects of heat shocks on a single genus, Megachile. This work has shown that heat-shocked eggs, larvae, and pupae tend to upregulate heat shock protein genes, while heat shock at the adult stage can increase mortality in male bees, potentially altering population sex ratios. We find that solitary bee responses to heat waves have received even less study, but the few studies suggest that these events can increase larval mortality and slow development time, and that bees may not be able to physiologically acclimate to heat wave conditions by increasing their critical thermal maxima. Finally, sustained warming, which has been relatively well-studied in solitary bees, can speed development rate, reduce body mass, increase mortality, and alter foraging behavior. Our review reveals knowledge gaps in the effects of heat shocks and heat waves on solitary bees and, more broadly, in the responses of unmanaged solitary bees to warming. To improve our ability to anticipate the consequences of climate change for these critical pollinators, we encourage research on solitary bee thermal responses that examines short-term, extreme warming and incorporates greater ecological realism and complexity.
Lichen sclerosus of the oral mucosa: a hidden phenomenon
Authors: Paganelli A. , Mandel V. D. , Contu L. , Motolese A.
Published: July 2024

Oral lichen sclerosus (OLS) represents a diagnostic challenge even for expert dermatologists due to its rarity and subtle clinical manifestations. Only few cases have been reported in literature to date. OLS typically presents with whitish macules in the oral cavity. Histopathological examination remains crucial for definitive diagnosis, with characteristic features including epithelial atrophy, subepithelial hyalinization, loss of elastic fibers, and lymphocytic infiltration. Management strategies vary depending on lesion size and symptomatic presentation, with topical or intralesional corticosteroids being the most commonly used treatment modalities. Long-term monitoring is recommended due to the potential for malignant transformation, although no cases have been reported to date. Greater awareness and understanding of OLS are essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Based on these findings, we recommend performing an accurate evaluation of the oral mucosa, especially when dealing with patients affected by genital or extragenital lichen sclerosus (LS). Moreover, we emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists and other specialists of oral disorders, such as dentists. This short review briefly summarizes available data on OLS, highlighting its diverse clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges. Despite its infrequent occurrence, OLS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of white macules in the oral cavity.