bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing efficiency and resilience in the Dewathang Thromde water distribution system
Authors: Tenzin Rigden Yoezer , Wangchuk Tandin
Published: August 2024

Dewathang Thromde, a subdivision of Samdrup Jongkhar Thromde, faces a significant challenge in its drinking water supply. The region relies on a gravitational water supply system from Lemtshorong and Zalakhe. This study aims to assess the current system and determine its adequacy for the future population. The study employs manual methods, such as bucket and stopwatch techniques, to determine discharge at the water source, complemented by field observations for pipe size measurements. Utilizing EPANET software and a Demand Driven Analysis (DDA) approach, distribution network’s pressure and velocity requirements are analyzed. Elevation data from the My Elevation mobile app, validated by Google Earth images, contribute to a comprehensive evaluation. During peak season, a discharge of 35.92 l/s is documented, contrasting with 9 l/s during the lean season. The population, recorded at 2644 in 2005, surged to 3881 in 2017, with a forecast anticipating 7170 people by 2035 using the Incremental Increase Method. Average water consumption per person is approximately 113.35 lpcd, exceeding the WHO standard, influenced by climatic conditions. With a population of approximately 4389 in 2021, the current water demand in Dewathang Thromde is 13.72 l/s, surpassing the discharge capacity of 9 l/s during the lean season. By 2035, the projected water demand is expected to reach 22.41 l/s, exceeding the current source discharge by over 100%. Simulation results for the upstream and downstream networks of the Break Pressure Tank (BPT) reveal pressure-related challenges, with over 20 percent of nodes experiencing excessive pressure along HDPE pipes. Bursting incidents and negative pressure at more than 10 percent of nodes emphasize the need for network improvements, especially during reduced source discharge. The final segment of the pipe network surpasses the prescribed maximum flow velocity due to the direct proportionality between velocity and pipe diameter. Smaller pipe sizes, while limiting velocity, paradoxically contribute to actual velocities exceeding specified limits. Addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring a sustainable and reliable water supply system in Dewathang Thromde.
The Effect of Hatching Eggs Sanitization and Flock Age on Microbial Load and Hatchability Parameters
Authors: Laban Samah , Mohamed Mohamed , Mostafa Gehan , Moubarak Sherif
Published: August 2024

Chick performance and hatchability are adversely affected by microbial contamination of hatching eggs. Egg disinfection is therefore crucial to limiting bacterial numbers and optimizing production. The present study was applied to detect the effect of hatching eggs spraying (nest and floor) with two commercial disinfectants: A (H2O2, peracetic and acetic acid) and B (glutraldehyde and Benzalkonium chloride) on hatching parameters and eggshell microbial counts. Hatching eggs were collected from broiler breeder flocks at different ages (37, 47 and 57 weeks). The obtained results indicated that both disinfectants reduced the levels of bacteria in similar ways, but there were no significant differences between them. Concerning the hatching parameters; hatchability percentages (total and true) were lower than standard in both nest and floor eggs, and higher hatchability percentages were found in eggs sanitized with disinfectant A. However, the lowest values were reported in eggs of 57 weeks old breeders with both disinfectants. Conclusively, disinfectants A and B reduced the microbial load of hatching eggs of different ages, and some hatchability parameters were affected with flock age and the used disinfectants.
Behavioral, Maternal and Neurological Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on Pregnant Female Rats During Early and Late Gestation
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Shosha Hadeer
Published: August 2024

Seventy-five adult Wistar Albino rats were used in this experiment to detect the effect of MSG on fetus morphology, and pregnant rats’ behavioral, biochemecal, and neurological parameters. They were housed under standard laboratory conditions in plastic cages in a quiet environment with free access to food and water. They were randomly assigned into 4 groups of three replicates for each. Group (1) control, received normal saline. Groups (2, 3, and 4) received daily MSG orally at a dose of 1, 3 and 6 mg/kg respectively for a period of 20 days. There was a reduction in the mean number of fetuses /dam, an altered distribution of implantation, reduction in fetuses’ weight & length, besides some fetuses revealed morphological anomalies and skeletal defects at the 19th day of gestation. In addition, there was a decrease in the number of entrance and spontaneous alternations, increase in line crossing and rearing behaviors, elevation in serum ALT, AlP and creatinine, decrease in serum progesterone, increase in dopamine and glutamate levels (ng/mL) in brain tissues of MSG treated pregnant rats. So that, this study suggests that to diminish MSG in foods during pregnancy to to stay away from harmful effects on pregnant females behavior, brain tissue, and safe fetuses from deformity.
Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance profiling of Vibrio spp. in diarrhoeal patients from Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Authors: Meheronnesha Mst , Salauddin Md , Nag Minakshi , Akter Mir , Rahaman Md , Ferdous Jannatul , Fakhruzzaman Md
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to characterize Vibrio species from cholera-suspected patients in three hospitals in Dinajpur. We collected 36 stool samples and identified Vibrio spp. using cultural, morphological, and biochemical tests. The highest prevalence was observed in children (18.18%), compared to adolescents (0%), adults (16.67%), and senior adults (16.67%). Cultural identification revealed yellow colonies on TCBS agar, hemolytic colonies on blood agar, pale non-lactose fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar, and white, opaque colonies on nutrient agar. Gram staining showed gram-negative, curved rod-shaped bacteria. Biochemical tests indicated positive reactions for oxidase, catalase, MR, TSI, citrate utilization, MIU, and indole, while VP was negative. Molecular characterization by PCR and gel electrophoresis using 16S rRNA primers confirmed the presence of Vibrio spp. Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that isolates were sensitive to cotrimoxazole-25µg (21 mm to 30 mm), neomycin-30µg (22 mm), gentamycin-10µg (15 mm), streptomycin-10µg (20 mm), and tetracycline-30µg (17 mm), but resistant to penicillin, mecillinam, and amoxicillin. These findings suggest streptomycin and cotrimoxazole as effective drugs for controlling cholera.
LOW-PROFILE BI-SLOT DUAL-BAND (2.45/5.76GHZ) ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Rimi Ahmed , Zugari Asmaa , OUAHABI Mohssine , Khalladi Mohsine
Published: August 2024

This article presents a compact dual-band patch antenna designed for wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna design operates efficiently at both 2.45 GHz and 5.76 GHz achieving high performance despite its compact size. The Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) is used to create the desired frequency bands and improve the impedance matching at the respective required frequencies, respectively. The antenna is manufactured on a low-cost FR-4 substrate, with dimension of 27 mm × 27 mm × 1.6 mm. The simulated radiation efficiencies at 2.45 GHz and5.76 GHz are 95% and 73%, respectively. In addition, the gain of the suggested antenna is more than 2.65 dB and around 2.84 dB at the desired frequency bands. The suggested antenna is simulated, manufactured, tested and verified practically. The return losses measured in the lower and upper resonance bands are 29.94% (covering the frequency range 2.13 to 2.88 GHz) and 6.2% (covering 5.65 to 6.01 GHz), respectively. The radiation pattern is measured and compared with simulation one. The design is simple, easy to carry on and is very compact, while enabling seamless operation across two different frequency bands, make it suitable for diverse wireless applications.
Formulation And Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Gel for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Ratnparkhi Mukesh , Kadam Prasad , Mule Ashish , Markand Mayur , Binawade Bhagyashri , Shaikh Arshad
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study aimed to develop a topical gel formulation of diclofenac sodium (DFS) utilizing a self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to enhance solubility, bioavailability, and patient compliance while minimizing systemic side effects associated with oral administration.
Methods: DFS solubility was evaluated in various oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants. A pseudo-ternary phase diagram guided the selection of optimal SMEDDS components. The SMEDDS formulation, comprising cinnamon oil, Tween 20, and propylene glycol, was converted into a gel using Carbopol 940. Both the liquid SMEDDS and gel underwent extensive physicochemical characterization, including drug content, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and in vitro/ex vivo diffusion studies.
Key Findings: Cinnamon oil, Tween 20, and propylene glycol exhibited the highest DFS solubility and emulsification efficiency. The optimized SMEDDS formulation showed robust stability, rapid self-emulsification, high drug loading, and favorable droplet size (112.8 nm) and zeta potential (-11.36 mV). The gel demonstrated consistent drug release (79.70% over 1440 minutes) and improved skin permeation (71.30% over 1440 minutes).
Conclusions: The DFS-loaded SMEDDS gel formulation significantly enhances the solubility, dissolution, and topical bioavailability of DFS, providing a promising alternative for managing arthritic pain and inflammation with reduced systemic side effects.
Article: Do Private Actors Have Rights under the WTO? The Motivation for and (Inadequate) Implementation of GATT Article X
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C. , Dobhal Adeet , Jimenez-Moreira Lucas , Sasmal Sunayana , Wolfe Robert
Published: August 2024

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article X has been consistently overlooked in literature even though it is a unique provision in the GATT-regime: it acknowledges standing for private actors who can challenge trade-related administrative action by World Trade Organization (WTO) members. This provision is an unusual instantiation of the need to provide transparency for private actors about state policy. It is equally eccentric in seeming to provide a right for private actors to challenge governments, albeit only before domestic fora. How did the GATT end up with this provision? And are these apparent private rights meaningful in practice? Since implementation of Article X rarely arises in WTO disputes, this paper proposes an answer to the second question based on six case studies of the United States of America (US), Canada, the European Union (EU), Brazil, China, and India. This is a heterogenous group that comprises big trading nations. We find wide variance in state practice. We conclude with suggestions that would strengthen the WTO demos by providing better information through WTO monitoring on the rights accorded to private actors and the introduction of an explicit code of good practice.
A review of some aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections
Authors: Desrosiers Robert
Published: August 2024

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH), one of the most important swine pathogens, is distributed world wide. Alone, MH is relatively benign,but associated with other pathogens, which is almost always the case in field situations, it may cause serious losses. The combination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and MH is particularly important in respiratory problems of grow-finish pigs. Different strains of MH exist, but their significance remains to be evaluated. Transmission occurs mainly by direct contact and aerosol. Cranioventral lesions of pneumonia are suggestive of MH, but are not pathognomonic. The use of modern production technologies has coincided, to a certain extent, with an upsurge of MH-associated problems. Antimicrobials are more efficacious when used for prevention rather than treatment. Optimal timing for vaccination depends on the age at which pigs will come in contact with the organism and their level of maternal immunity when vaccinated. It is possible to produce MH-negative pigs from infected herds and to eradicate the organism without total depopulation.
Pig performance comparing a production system using large static groups formed during lactation to a production system using sized and resorted groups in nursery and finisher
Authors: Korthals Rod
Published: August 2024

Groups of 95 pigs commingled during lactation (G) were compared to similar-sized groups from crates that were sorted into eight nursery pens or four finishing pens (P). System differences contributed to a trend for improved feed:gain (1.479 G, 1.696 P; SE = 0.074; P =.09) in the G nursery.
Susceptibility of porcine circovirus type 2 to commercial and laboratory disinfectants
Authors: Royer Ryan , Nawagitgul Porntippa , Halbur Patrick , Paul Prem
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the virucidal efficacy of 11 commercially available disinfectants against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) using an in vitro model. Methods: Disinfectants were prepared according to the manufacturers’ label directions and mixed with virus stock. The disinfectant-virus solution was then passed through a detoxification column to remove compounds toxic to cell culture. The filtrate was collected, serially diluted, and inoculated onto porcine kidney cells (PK-15). After a 48-hour incubation period, the cell cultures were fixed and an indirect immunofluorescence assay performed to determine remaining infectious virus titers. Virus titers after disinfection were compared to the negative control (no disinfectant), using Dunnett’s test for statistical analysis. Results: Results demonstrated statistically significant reduction in PCV2 virus titer by several disinfectants, including Virkon(R) S, sodium hydroxide, Roccal(R) D Plus, Clorox(R) Bleach, 1-Stroke Environ(R), Fulsan(R), and Tek-Trol(R). No significant reduction in PCV2 titer was demonstrated using Nolvasan(R), DC&R(R), Weladol(R), or ethanol. Implications: This study was performed in vitro under controlled laboratory conditions. Variation from these results may occur under field conditions. Nevertheless, these results may aid in the selection of more effective disinfectants to reduce exposure to PCV2 and the incidence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome or other PCV2-associated diseases.
Association between clinical signs and high serum titers of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in nursery pigs under field conditions
Authors: Cuartero L , Dee Scott , Deen John , Ruiz A , Pijoan Carlos
Published: August 2024

Objective: To establish clinical categories to identify nursery pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and to quantify their PRRSV serum titers, in order to select the proper pigs for gilt acclimatization. Methods: Nursery pigs were studied during an acute outbreak of PRRS in a single herd. Four clinical categories were defined: healthy pigs (H), healthy pigs with superficial inguinal lymphadenopathy (HL), sick pigs (S), and sick pigs with superficial inguinal lymphadenopathy (SL). For each category, 40 pigs were selected from each of three different age groups (2, 4, and 6 weeks after weaning) and organized by clinical category. Blood was collectedfrom each pig and tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for PRRSV and by ELISA for PRRSV antibodies. Results: Rectal temperatures and mean superficial lymph node widths were greatest at 4 weeks post weaning (PW), and ELISA titers were greater at 4 and 6 weeks PW than at 2 weeks PW. At 2 weeks PW, only one pig, classified SL, was viremic. At 4 and 6 weeks PW, 30 to 100% of pigs in each clinical category were viremic, but there was no significant association between occurrence of viremia and clinical category. The association between lymphadenopathy and PRRS viremia was not significant in pigs 4 weeks or 6 weeks PW. Implication: Nursery pigs with clinical signs of PRRS (fever, respiratory signs, lymphadenopathy) are potential sources of PRRSV for use in gilt acclimatization protocols; however, viremia cannot be predicted solely on the basis of these signs.
Vaginal length is not related to subsequent litter size of gilts
Authors: Tarocco Casimiro , Kirkwood Roy
Published: August 2024

This study determined the relationship between vaginal length and subsequent gilt litter size. Vaginal length was determined using a calibrated Melrose catheter at the time of artificial insemination at the second estrus. There was no significant relationship between vaginal length and either gilt age or subsequent litter size.
Vaccine efficacy and immune response to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae challenge in pigs vaccinated against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and M hyopneumoniae
Authors: Boettcher Tamara , Thacker Brad , Halbur Patrick , Waters Ray , Nutsch Robert , Thacker Eileen
Published: August 2024

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and level of immune response induced by a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH) bacterin in pigs previously vaccinated with a modified live virus (MLV) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) vaccine and subsequently challenged with MH. Methods: Pigs were vaccinated once with MLV PRRS vaccine (Day 0), twice with MH vaccine (Days 8 and 22), or both, and challenged with MH on Day 36. Necropsies were performed on Days 35 and 61-63. Efficacy of MH vaccine was determined by reduction in the percentage of lung affected by mycoplasmal pneumonia. Serum antibodies to PRRS virus (PRRSV) and MH, antibodies to MH in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), and production of MH-specific interferon-gamma- (IFN-[gamma]-) secreting cells in tissues and peripheral blood were measured on Days 0 and 14 and at necropsy. Immunological assays included ELISAs for PRRSV and MH antibodies and an enzyme-linked immunospot assay for MH-specific IFN-[gamma]-secreting cells. Results: Mycoplasma vaccine efficacy was not decreased by prior administration of PRRS vaccine. Serum MH antibody levels in pigs receiving both vaccines and challenged were numerically but not signifi-cantly higher than those in pigs receiving only MH vaccine and challenged. Pigs receiving both vaccines had significantly lower PRRSV sample:positive (S:P) ratios, but remained ELISA-positive (S:P>0.4). Levels of MH-specific IgG and IgA in BAL were significantly higher in both groups vaccinated for MH and challenged. Implications: Administration of an MLV PRRS vaccine to MH-free pigs prior to vaccination with MH vaccine did not interfere with vaccine efficacy or immune responses to MH infection.
Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to age-matched sentinel pigs
Authors: Wills Robert , Doster Alan , Osorio Fernando
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To determine how long PRRSV-infected pigs remain contagious to age-matched sentinel pigs and whether the infected pigs are intermittently or continuously contagious. Methods: In each of two trials, five 4- to 6-week-old pigs (Principals) housed in one isolation room were inoculated with PRRSV. Pairs of age-matched sentinel pigs (Sentinels) were sequentially placed in direct contact with the Principals for 2-week periods, with 1-week intervals between pairs. Serum samples collected from Sentinels were tested by virus isolation and serology (ELISA) to determine whether transmission had occurred. Eight pairs of Sentinels were rotated through the Principals’ rooms over a 165- or 167-day period. Results: The Principals were contagious through Day 62 but not after Day 69 in the first trial and through Day 60 but not after Day 67 in the second trial. Implications: This study demonstrated that seropositive, non-viremic, grower-aged pigs may be the source of spread of PRRSV in grow-finish units. The results also suggest that infected grower-aged pigs used as a source of PRRSV for natural infection of gilts of similar age in young-gilt acclimation programs may only be relied upon to transmit PRRSV for a maximum of 60 days.
Monitoring the prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis IgG antibodies using serial sampling in growing and breeding swine herds
Authors: Marsteller T , Armbruster G , Bane D
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis and the time of seroconversion in growing and breeding swine herds using the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). Methods: Blood was collected from individually identified growing pigs in 16 herds at weaning (approximately 3 weeks of age) and in those herds, plus four others, at 3-week intervals until market weight (total 20 herds). Blood was collected from individually identified breeding animals (replacement gilts) at entry into nine breeding herds and then at 3-week intervals. Samples were tested at a dilution of 1:30 using the IPMA, which identifies IgG antibodies. Results: Fifteen of twenty growing herds (75%) were seropositive for L intracellu-laris at some time between weaning and 24 weeks of age. Within-herd seroprevalence in positive growing herds ranged from 11 to 92% and peaked near marketing (18 to 24 weeks of age). Seven of nine breeding herds (78%) were seropositive. Within-herd seroprevalence in breeding herds ranged from 5 to 61% and peaked near the time of herd entry and again late in the study. Implications: As L intracellularis IgG serum antibodies were short-lived in this study, serial blood sampling at intervals of 3 weeks or less may prove useful in determining L intracellularis serological status in a swine production system. On the basis of these results, blood samples to detect exposure to L intracellularis should be collected from growing swine at 18 to 24 weeks of age, and from replacement gilts at entry into the breeding herd and at first lactation.
Financial impact of average parity of culled females in a breed-to-wean swine operation using replacement gilt net present value analysis
Authors: Stalder Kenneth , Lacy Curt , Cross Timothy , Conatser Glenn
Published: August 2024

A net present value (NPV) analysis was used to determine the number of parities a sow must remain in the breeding herd of a breed-to-wean operation before the initial investment in her is profitable, and to evaluate the sensitivity of NPV to production, price received, and gilt replacement price. On the basis of 1996-2000 average production levels, segregated early weaning (SEW) pig price, production costs, and equity information, a replacement gilt must remain in the breeding herd for three parities before reaching a positive NPV. Sows having a longer productive herd life, when SEW price is at profitable levels, produce a higher NPV, and thus are more profitable investments than females which remain in the herd for shorter periods of time. Producers should identify genetic and environmental factors that improve the productive life, and thereby the NPV, of their replacement gilts. Additionally, increasing SEW pig prices and productivity improve the parity in which a replacement gilt reaches a positive NPV. This type of analysis could be used to assist producers, practitioners, extension specialists, consultants, and others to evaluate a host of management tools designed to improve the parity structure of commercial swine breeding herds experiencing the challenges of excessive culling.
A retrospective evaluation of actions taken to control Streptococcus suis infection
Authors: Villani Dennis
Published: August 2024

Retrospective evaluation of several actions taken to control an outbreak of Streptococcus suis in nursery pigs is described. Minimizing variation in weaning age, with concurrent use of an autogenous vaccine and administration of ceftiofur sodium at processing and weaning, appeared to contribute to a decrease in nursery mortality.
Quality of frozen semen from crossbred boars (Iberico x Landrace) related to centrifugation methodology
Authors: Gosalvez L , Valdelvira J , Alvarino J , Averos X , Babot D
Published: August 2024

Objective: A total of 30 ejaculates from five Ibérico x Landrace boars were studied in order to establish the effect of different centrifugation conditions on semen quality after refrigeration and freezing. Methods: The Westendorf method was used for freezing, with some variations. The factors analysed included centrifugation g-force (250g, 1010g, and 2250g), shape of centrifugation tube (spherical or conical), and phase of the freeze-thaw process. Individual boar was a random effect. Results: There were no significant differences in semen quality associated with the shape of the centrifugation tube either for refrigerated (5°C) or thawed semen. The g-force of centrifugation did affect semen quality. In refrigerated samples centrifuged at 250g, the percentage of sperm with normal apical ridges (NAR) was lower (P < .01) and the percentage of damaged acrosomes was higher (P < .01); however, motility was unaffected. Total motility was higher (P < .01) in refrigerated semen (approximately 53%) compared to thawed semen (approximately 36%), and percentage of sperm with NAR was higher (P < .01) in refrigerated semen (approximately 67%) compared to thawed semen (approximately 31%). The influence of individual boars was not detected (P > .05). Implications: Centrifugation at 2250g in tubes with spherical bottoms is faster and makes handling easier. Selection of boars by freezability of semen eliminates the influence of individual boars on characteristics of frozen-thawed semen.
Elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from 30 farms by test and removal
Authors: Dee Scott
Published: August 2024

This paper summarizes data from 30 farms that had undergone porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) elimination using test and removal. Over a subsequent 12-month monitoring period, 28 of 30 farms remained PRRSV-negative. Nucleic acid sequencing of isolates recovered from the re-infected farms identified an unrelated virus.
Idiopathic vesicular disease in a swine herd in Indiana
Authors: Amass Sandra , Schneider Jessica , Miller Cheryl , Shawky Samia , Stevenson Gregory , Woodruff Mary
Published: August 2024

Idiopathic vesicular disease was reported in pigs of all ages during a 7-month period on an 1840-sow, three-site farrow-to-finish swine herd in Indiana. In 8- to 10-week-old growing pigs recently moved from the nursery (Site 3) to Sites 1 and 2, erosions occurred primarily on the coronary band, causing coronary separation and lameness. Some growing pigs also had lesions on the snout and in the oral cavity. A few gestating sows in Sites 1 and 2 were affected primarily with snout lesions, and some litters of piglets were febrile and had coronary band lesions that resolved by 16 days of age. Pigs in Site 3 were not affected. Clinical signs were indistinguishable from exotic vesicular diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease. A foreign animal disease investigation ruled out an exotic disease as the cause. An etiologic agent was not identified; however, porcine enterovirus was isolated from tissue samples of growing pigs. Porcine enteroviruses are ubiquitous, and the isolate was considered a contaminant in this case. Practitioners are encouraged to be vigilant observers and reporters of clinical signs consistent with exotic diseases.
Lymphosarcoma in three pigs in a multiple-site production system in Ontario
Authors: Alsop Janet
Published: August 2024

This case study describes three sudden deaths in a multiple-site swine production system in Ontario between March 2003 and May 2004. All cases involved pigs < 7 months old with a common genetic background. On the basis of laboratory results, all cases were diagnosed as lymphosarcoma. The possible causes and significance of this disease in swine are discussed.
25th Jan Revolution in the Articles of New York Times: A Study in Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Elaskalany Mamdouh
Published: August 2024

Journalists have covered the 25th January Egyptian revolution analyzing and expressing opinions. The thesis is concerned with the inconsistency of their stances and positions. More specifically, it investigates shifts in the political stances of American journalists during and post the January 25th Egyptian Revolution. The thesis adopts Fairclough’s (1992, 2010) three-dimension framework of discourse, together with, Fairclough & Fairclough’s (2012) argumentation model to investigate the corpus of the current work. The corpus incorporates ten articles, seven editorials and three op-ed articles, that are published in the American newspaper New York Times on the Egyptian revolution from January 25th, 2011 to March 31st, 2011. Analysis is conducted on three levels; textual, discursive and social. Results indicate that writers are bias, taking sides and changing them according to the changes of the events. Thus, the articles witness a gradual change of stance from the pro-Mubarak and anti-revolution stances to the anti-Mubarak and pro-revolution stances.
Fiziki Mekânın Fotogrametri ile Dijitalleştirilmesinde Görüntü Sayısı ve Çözünürlüğünün Etkileri
Authors: Ulusoy Ali Saithan , Sevim Halil
Published: August 2024

Kültürel mirasın korunması ve yaşatılması geçmişten günümüze üzerinde sıkça durulan bir konudur. Günümüzde farklı belgeleme yöntemleri ile tarihi ve kültürel değer taşıyan yapılar kayıt altına alınmaktadır. Geleneksel rölöve, fotogrametri ve lazer tarama gibi metotlar ile yapıların güncel durumları belgelenerek koruma altına alınmaktadır. Bu yöntemler arasında fotogrametri tekniği; daha az iş gücü ve maliyet gerektirmesi açısından diğer metotlara göre daha avantajlıdır. Bu yüzden yapı belgelemede önemli bir yer tutan fotogrametri tekniğinin geliştirilmesi ve üretim kabiliyetinin artırılması önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada, fotogrametri yönteminin daha kaliteli üç boyutlu modelleme yapabilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu amaçla; görüntü sayısı ve çözünürlük olmak üzere iki farklı değişkenin üç boyutlu model üretim süreci üzerindeki etkileri korelasyonel araştırma yöntemi ile analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamı olarak; halihazırda bir otobüs garajı içinde yer alan ve korunma riskiyle karşı karşıya kalan Fakih Dede türbesi belirlenmiştir. Kapsam olarak belirlenen bu yapının çevresinde dönülerek kaydedilmek suretiyle 4K çözünürlükte 80 saniyelik bir video görüntü kaydı elde edilmiştir. Bu video kaydından farklı görüntü sayılarında ve farklı çözünürlük değerlerinde yeni görüntü takımları oluşturulmuştur. Bu takımların her biriyle ayrı ayrı olmak üzere fotogrametri tekniği ile üretilen modellerin, parametre değerlerindeki değişimler tablolara işlenerek kıyaslanmaktadır. Elde edilen bu verilere dayanarak görüntü sayısı ve çözünürlüğün, fotogrametrinin model üretim kabiliyetini artırmasına dair öneriler sunulmaktadır. Buna göre; kaliteli bir 3B model oluşturmak için yüksek çözünürlükte görüntüler elde edilmeli, bunun yetersiz kalması durumunda görüntü sayısı artırılmalıdır.
CUIDADOS NO FINAL DE VIDA EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA PARA IDOSOS
Authors: Blumentritt Júlia Brombila , Cordeiro Franciele Roberta
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Identificar, na literatura nacional e internacional, os cuidados ofertados aos idosos no final de vida por equipes de instituições de longa permanência. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Medical Literature and Retrieval System Online (Medline), via Pubmed, utilizando a estratégia PICO para a construção da questão de pesquisa. Utilizou-se a combinação de Medical Subject Headings (Mesh Terms) e os descritores em ciências da saúde (DeCS) associados ao operador booleano AND, incluindo artigos originais em inglês, espanhol, português e francês, publicados entre 2013 e 2023, disponíveis online na íntegra. Foi utilizado o aplicativo Rayyan para gerenciar a identificação e seleção dos documentos, totalizando dez artigos como corpus da pesquisa. Os achados foram submetidos à análise por temas. Resultados: Os resultados foram organizados em duas principais categorias – ações de cuidado centradas ao idoso residente de instituições de longa permanência e ações de cuidado (in)diretas: intervenções junto às equipes de instituições de longa permanência. Os cuidados prestados pelas equipes ora são diretamente aos idosos, como a higiene, a hidratação, a alimentação, ora se desenvolvem de maneira indireta, por meio de reuniões e capacitação das equipes que com eles atuam. Conclusão: Os cuidados ofertados aos idosos em instituições de longa permanência priorizam um final de vida com qualidade, respeito, alívio do sofrimento, redução dos sintomas depressivos e da morte no ambiente hospitalar. Além disso, a presença de equipes multiprofissionais e de cuidados paliativos nas instituições pode assegurar a dignidade, a qualidade de (final de) vida e o conforto dos idosos.
Assessing the impact of Machine Learning Algorithms on Portfolio Optimization and Risk Management in the Era of Sustainable Investing
Authors: Masood Fahad
Published: August 2024

The contemporary financial landscape is rapidly evolving, with sustainable investing emerging as a pivotal dimension. Against this backdrop, this research aimed to assess the impact of machine learning algorithms on portfolio optimization and risk management in the era of sustainable investing. Utilizing data from 90 FTSE100 companies that possess an ESG score, multiple machine learning models were employed to understand their efficacy. The Lasso regression model emerged as the top performer, underscoring the potential of machine learning in this domain. A conspicuous gap was identified in the literature, highlighting a limited implementation of machine learning techniques in the financial sector despite their proven capabilities. In an era characterized by the proliferation of big data, the rise of sustainable investing, and unparalleled computational power, relying solely on traditional methods becomes impractical. As manual calculations become increasingly untenable, the seamless integration of machine learning becomes imperative. However, while the preliminary findings are promising, further studies are essential to navigate potential pitfalls and to refine the application of these algorithms in real-world financial settings.
“Absolutely it was not safe”: Indigenous LGBTIQSB+ experiences of education in Australia
Authors: Sullivan Corrinne , Tran Duy , Spurway Kim , Briskman Linda , Leha John , Trewlynn William , Soldatic Karen
Published: August 2024

Indigenous LGBTIQSB+ individuals occupy a unique intersection of identities that inform their lived experiences and the ways in which they navigate colonial settler educational institutions. Despite a considerable body of evidence demonstrating the importance of inclusion, educational policies in Australia remain outdated. These policies are frequently informed by a deficit approach that justifies the absence of Indigenous and gender/sexuality diverse content within school curricula. This further acts to shore up discriminatory practices and policies. Using interviews and workshops held with young Indigenous LGTBIQSB+ people, this article reports on the ways participants experienced educational institutional settings. First, participants reported on the kinds of policies and curriculum content that discriminated against and marginalised them, as well as highlighting some positive aspects of school and university. Participants also revealed the potentialities for Indigenous and LGBTIQSB+ inclusivity that could be facilitated within educational spaces. The article demonstrates the need for safer and more inclusive educational environments, which could be achieved through the decentring of settler knowledges and heteronormativity, transforming educational spaces at an institutional level to facilitate safety at interpersonal and collective levels.
The role of biology curriculum in promoting student health, environmental awareness, and academic success: Teacher responsibilities
Authors: Bara Enkelejda , Bara Gezim , Pupe Sara
Published: August 2024

The biology curriculum significantly shapes students’ understanding of health and environment, equipping them with knowledge and skills necessary for responsible citizenship and informed decision-making. This study aims to examine how the biology curriculum affects students' education, focusing on how it helps students become more aware of health and environmental issues. The study utilized a mixed-methods research design. A Purposive sampling was utilized for this research. The study was carried out in four schools in Tirana: Gymnasium “Aleks Buda, “Gymnasium “Samiu,” Gymnasium “Isa Boletini,” and Gymnasium “Partizani.” The sample consists of 200 students and 20 teachers. The research instruments used for the collection of data were questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observation. Findings of the study show that students’ understanding of essential health-associated subjects was greatly improved by their participation in the biology class. It also highlights how important it is for teachers to raise students' achievement levels. The study shows the important role instructors play in fostering an encouraging and exciting atmosphere for education. Furthermore, instructors may pinpoint how to meet every student's distinctive educational requirements with customized supervision, offering individualized assistance along with helpful criticism. In conclusion, the curriculum acts as a catalyst for bringing important health issues, like disease prevention and individual well-being, to the public's attention while simultaneously encouraging a sense of responsibility for the sustainability of the environment and the preservation of our world.
Impact of chemistry teachers’ qualification and years of experience on academic performance of secondary school chemistry students in Ogbia local government area Bayelsa state
Authors: Cleopas Blessing Chinyere , Onwuchekwa Favour Chigozirim
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study was to examine impact of chemistry teachers’ qualification and years of experience on academic performance of secondary school students in Ogbia Local Government Area in Bayelsa State. The study adopted an expo-facto survey research design. Two research questions were raised and answered. The population of the study was 35 secondary schools and 3,116 chemistry students in Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State. 184 students and 10 teachers were used as sample in the study. A teacher questionnaire titled, "Teachers’ Qualification and Experience" was used for data collection and it was validated by two science education experts. There was no reliability since students’ previous scores were used. Frequency, percentage and mean were used to answer the research questions. The findings showed that teachers’ qualification and years of experience have a significant impact on students’ academic achievement in senior secondary schools in Ogbia Local Government Area. Hence, teachers' qualification and years of experience are major determinants that affect students' performance in senior secondary schools in Ogbia Local Government Area.  This implied that government should establish policies that increase the number of teachers with B.Ed in chemistry and schools should prioritize hiring teachers with appropriate qualifications and years of experience in chemistry education so as to enhance academic performance in chemistry.
Affective, meta and collaborative STEAM learning
Authors: Houghton Tony , Lavicza Zsolt , Weinhandl Robert
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this research was to identify synergies in affective, meta and collaborative STEAM learning, and the level of professional development structure and collaborative support needed for teachers to achieve these. Three project case studies (KIKS, STEAMTEACH and STEAMCONNECT) are examined to do this. In the KIKS (Kids Inspiring Kids in STEAM) project, student groups were issued a very open-ended challenge: “How would you get your fellow students to love STEAM?” They undertook a series of student-led intensive workshops to deliver prototypes and other teaching materials. The intensive, collaborative problem-solving Hothousing workshops focusing on Expectation shock perception enhancement, were inspired by industry practice. The successful outcomes evidenced affective, meta and collaborative learning and suggested the need for further research to develop an associated teacher professional development framework (STEAMTEACH) and also to develop further the collaborative aspect beyond the students (STEAMCONNECT). The projects together delivered over forty project outcomes judged high quality by teachers, students and researchers alike benefitted from affective, meta and collaborative, inclusive learning on many levels from students to teachers to parents to wider community collaboration including local community, business and academic experts. It was thus found that STEAM education can synergically enhance affective, meta and collaborative learning, and for this to happen, should be supported by a STEAM professional development framework and extended networking between teachers, schools, parents, education and industry experts, and community from all abilities and backgrounds.
State Support for Access to Finance in Georgia, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Aghamanashvili Ekaterine
Published: August 2024

Small and medium-sized businesses are the most important lever for the country's economic development. It is the country's main source of employment and income for economic development and public welfare. Therefore, encouraging and developing entrepreneurship is a top priority for any country. The introduction of continuous innovation forms the unconditional basis for enterprises' long-term and sustainable success. Innovation needs technological perfection and renewal, which requires financial resources. Businesses often do not have the internal resources to introduce innovations and increase production. Providing enterprises with access to financial resources is a priority direction for the country. The paper aims to study the existing mechanisms of state financial support for entrepreneurship in Georgia, determine their effectiveness, identify potential opportunities, and develop recommendations for improving access to financial resources. During the research process, articles by both foreign and Georgian scientists, published in local and international scientific publications, government reports and studies of international institutions, authoritative organizations, and statistical data were used. The methods of analysis and synthesis, including quantitative and qualitative analysis, are used as research methods. The paper identifies the main problems that appear as barriers for Georgian entrepreneurs in receiving financial support and elaborates on specific recommendations to solve them. The paper emphasizes the fact that, at the current stage in Georgia, despite the reforms implemented by the state, finding a source of financial resources remains a problem. When developing financial support programs, more attention should be paid and the needs of entrepreneurs should be investigated in depth. This will help increase the efficiency of grant projects, state programs, and business development. Proper access to finance will improve the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses and will contribute to the country's economic development.
Administration of Justice in Medical Disputes Including a Competition of Legal Basis : Analysis of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Georgia
Authors: kharanauli Ilnari
Published: August 2024

სამედიცინო მომსახურების გამწევი პაციენტს სამედიცინო მომსახურებას უწევს ძირითადად სახელშეკრულებო ურთიერთობის საფუძველზე. თუ სამედიცინო მომსახურების გამწევი არაჯეროვანი სამედიცინო მომსახურების შედეგად ზიანს აყენებს მასთან სახელშეკრულებო ურთიერთობაში მყოფი პაციენტის ჯანმრთელობას, ის ერთდროულად არღვევს, როგორც სახელშეკრულებო ვალდებულებას ჯეროვანი შესრულების შესახებ, ასევე დელიქტური ნორმებით განსაზღვრულ ვალდებულებას - არ მიაყენოს ზიანი პირის ჯანმრთელობას. შესაბამისად, სამედიცინო მომსახურების გამწევის პასუხისმგებლობასთან დაკავშირებული საკითხები, თუკი ის პაციენტთან იმყოფება სახელშეკრულებო ურთიერთობაში, შეიძლება რეგულირებული იყოს ერთის მხრივ, სახელშეკრულებო ნორმებით და მეორეს მხრივ, დელიქტური ნორმებით, რაც იმას ნიშნავს, რომ სამედიცინო მომსახურებით პირის ჯანმრთელობისთვის მიყენებულ ზიანთან დაკავშირებულ მსგავს დავებში სახეზეა მოთხოვნის სამართლებრივ საფუძველთა კონკურენცია (ხარანაული, 2023) აღნიშნულ საკითხთან დაკავშირებით, სამეცნიერო ლიტერატურაში ჯერ კიდევ არ არის მიღწეული კონსენსუსი - ზიანის ანაზღაურების მოთხოვნის სამართლებრივ საფუძვლად გამოყენებული უნდა იქნას სახელშეკრულებო თუ დელიქტური ნორმები, ან რა კრიტერიუმებზე დაყრდნობით უნდა მოხდეს აღნიშნული მოთხოვნის საფუძველთა კონკურენციის გამიჯვნა. რაც შეეხება სასამართლოს, რომლის კომპეტენციაც არის გამოსაყენებელი სამართლის ნორმის შერჩევა, ზემოაღნიშნულ დავათა მოწესრიგებისას ძირითადად ეყრდნობა სამოქალაქო კოდექსის 1007-ე მუხლს, მაშინაც კი როცა მხარეთა შორის დადებულია ხელშეკრულება. სწორედ სასამართლოს აღნიშნულ გადაწყვეტილებათა დასაბუთებულობის შემოწმების მიზნით, წარმოდგენილი სტატიის ფარგლებში გამოკვლეულია უზენაესი სასამართლოს რამდენიმე გადაწყვეტილება, რომლებშიც განსხვავებული მიდგომებია ჩამოყალიბებული, პაციენტთან სახელშეკრულებო ურთიერთობაში მყოფი სამედიცინო მომსახურების გამწევის პასუხისმგებლობის განსაზღვრისას. კვლევის შედეგად გამოვლენიალია გარემოებები, რომელთა გათვალისწინებასაც შეუძლია ხელი შეუწყოს სამედიცინო დავებში მოთხოვნის სამართლებრივ საფუძველთა კონკურენციის საკითხთან დაკავშირებით ერთგვაროვანი, სტაბილური და დასაბუთებული მიდგომის ჩამოყალიბებას, რასაც შეუძლია საბოლოოდ დაასრულოს აღნიშნულ საკითხთან დაკავშირებული დისკუსიები; ამასთან, დავის შედეგებით დაინტერესებულ პირებს მიეცემათ შესაძლებლობა სწორად განსაზღვრონ დავის შესაძლო პერსპექტივები და სათანადოდ მოემზადონ საქმის განხილვისა და მტკიცების ტვირთის დასაძლევად.
Een typologie van reclasseringscliënten
Authors: Visser Anouk , Roeland Mijneke , Németh Attila , Stegink Martine
Published: August 2024

A typology of Dutch probation clients

For the purpose of a social cost-benefit analysis on the Dutch probation services, a typology of probationers supervised in 2016 (N = 12,017) was developed through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The theoretical basis for the typology consists of three pillars: Individual readiness to change, Contextual readiness to change and Punishable behaviour. A factor analysis of RISc 4.0 items was used to operationalise this basis. A cluster analysis yielded 15 unique types. This typology makes it possible to determine the added value of probation with more precision.