bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Globalisierung und Nationalstaat
Authors: Jessop Bob
Published: September 2018

Poulantzas’s main contributions to the analysis of state and capitalist economy on a world scale are critically reviewed, distinguishing between his general theoretical approach and its particular application to Europe in a specific phase of imperialism. Furthermore an account of current changes in the national state is presented from a modified Poulantzasian stance. The paper concludes with some more general comments on the relevance of Poulantzas‘s work and some remarks to possible changes in the European Union considered in state-theoretical terms.
Editorial: Arbeit, informell
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Arbeit, informell
Überlebensstrategien und Informalisierung in postkolonialen Gesellschaften
Authors: Kößler Reinhart , Hauck Gerhard
Published: September 2018

Informalisation processes are understood usefully in the contexts of various survival strategies, employed by the poor, especially under conditions of continuing deregulation. Far from presenting the panacea expected by informal sector enthusiasts, survival strategies are directed towards dealing with current crisis phenomena. In doing so, the spreading of risks, combining multiples avenues of economic gain and subsistence activites, turns out as adequate and rational. This rests not least on trust in terms of horizontal social relations, and on the exchange of loyality for protection in the vertical direction. While this entails traits of a moral, or (partially) embedded economy, such findings should not foster any romanticist conclusions. Rather, connections of informal economic and political activities with shadow economies and with processes of the criminalisation of state apparatuses point both to the modern content of informal relationships and to the severe risks they carry.
Das Chaos Afrikas und die Chancen für eine endogene Entwicklung
Authors: Kappel Robert
Published: September 2018

Africa is poorer than any other region in the world. Many countries are chaos-stricken, and most observers see a long-term decline. Structural adjustments have done so far less in order to solve at least some of the deep problems. Capitalism is not far-reaching, and the informal economy dominates the lives of the majority of the people. Will the informal economy, which is growing in the urbanisation process, form the basis for an alternative “endogenous economy”? This study identifies the growth perspectives of small and medium enterprises and industrial clusters. And it looks into new growth and locational theories, which have argued that agglomerations might favour local production and investment in a globalized world.
Anerkennung, Rechte, Ressourcen
Authors: Wichterich Christa
Published: September 2018

The informal sector appears to be the „unorganised“ sector. However, recently a number of new organisations of domestic workers, home based workers and self-employed women came up. Starting with an analysis of the actors, their strategies and objectives the article proposes an empowerment concept as conceptual framework which goes beyond traditional trade unionism.
Transformation in Russland
Authors: Heller Lydia , Nuss Sabine
Published: September 2018

Recent analyses on Russia's transformation are more and more tending to become „gangster-stories“. Contrary to approaches based on dividing economies into „informal“, „criminal“ etc. „sectors“ this essay tries to analyze the transformation process in Russia with regard to the special conditions given there for the genesis of a market-economy. It shows that the implementation of elements of marketeconomies, first of all private property, always went together with new qualities and quantities of „informal behavior“. As a result we identify no break - first planned than market-economy - but a continuous „informal regulation“ which brings out only the illusion of a marketsociety.
Die Informalisierung der Textil- und Bekleidungserzeugung am historischen und aktuellen osteuropäischen Beispiel
Authors: Musiolek Bettina
Published: September 2018

History and today's development of the garment industry include an intensive coexistence between forms of informal and formal labour which both provide the conditions for each other. The establishment of the female ‚supplementary labour‘ as against the male proletarian breadwinner belongs essentially to this process and constitutes a background for ‚normal‘ violations of labour rights in the garment industry. Eastern Europe's garment production still show the pattern of accumulation at the expense of underpaid, partly or fully informal labour and subsistence economy. Present initiatives within the civil society call for codes of conduct and a living wage as instruments to include informal labour in social regulation throughout the subcontracting chain.
Zurück zur Jahrhundertwende?
Authors: Schmidt Dorothea
Published: September 2018

Since the last century, it seems that Germany, like other industrial countries, has changed more and more towards a society of employees. Whereas in the years before 1914 more than one fifth of the labour force worked as self-employed or as employers, this rate turned down to less than one tenth in the 1970s. In the last decades, the rate is augmenting again and this rises the question, if a situation comparable to the one ninety years earlier is reemerging. Indeed, some patterns – e.g. the importance of self-employed, the situation of women – resemble to former times. Nevertheless, if one considers the reasons for the economic survival of self-employed and of small employers, there are great differences.
Genossen und Investoren
Authors: Dilla Haroldo
Published: September 2018

After serious economic decline at the beginning of the nineties market oriented reforms brought a recovery but produced a fundamental recomposition of social classes and the fragmentation of the popular sectors. Against this the possibilities of a renewed, internationally rooted socialism, which would also needs new political patterns, are discussed.
Multinationale Unternehmen, Staat und Recht
Authors: Rigaux Francois
Published: September 2018

Some multinational companies hold more power than smaller states and they can do much harm especially to „underdeveloped“ economies and their inhabitants. A international legal prosecution of these companies is rather difficult. The division of (both national and international) law in public and private law is not appropriate for the case of the multinational companies.
Editorial: Ist der entfesselte Weltmarkt noch zu bändigen?
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Ist der entfesselte Weltmarkt noch zu bändigen?
Global Governance: Vom fordistischen Trilateralismus zum neoliberalen Konstitutionalismus
Authors: Scherrer Christoph
Published: September 2018

The paper questions the emphasis proponents of global governance place on form over content as well as their narrow view of hegemony. Their theoretical approach, regime theory, originated in the policy community of internationally oriented capital groups who had gained hegemony within the USA. Regime theory was first used in support of international fordism. After this failed, these groups pushed for a neo-liberal global constitutionalism of property rights. The complex interplay between the hegemony of transnational corporations and the U.S. state becomes apparent in the struggle for a labor rights clause in the WTO.
Nach den Krisen der 90er Jahre
Authors: Dieter Heribert
Published: September 2018

The financial crises of the 90s have underlined the need for a comprehensive re-regulation of international financial markets. Although a number of measures addressing both the erratic developments of exchange rates and the volatility of capital flows could be implemented, it is unlikely that we will witness a substantial change of the current system, which produces instability and enormous opportunities for profits at the same time. The main obstacles for a re-regulation of the international financial markets are not of a technical nature, but are the results of vested interests in the USA, namely of the “Wall Street Treasury Complex” (Jagdish Bhagwati).
Globalisierung und die politische Regulierung von Finanzmärkten
Authors: Lütz Susanne
Published: September 2018

The development of regulatory instruments and regulatory groups during the last three decades is discussed. The increasing complexity of financial markets was answered by an extension of formal and informal approaches to their political regulation but still there are a lot of unsolved fundamental problems.
Globalisierung und die politische Regulierung von Finanzmärkten
Authors: Brand Ulrich , Görg Christoph
Published: September 2018

In the current debate on globalisation the concept of “Re-embedding” plays a prominent role. The authors criticise this term - which derives from Karl Polanyi - and confront it with the approach of “regulation theory”. Regulation theory offers a more precise way of analysing the actual transformation processes as well as the possibilities and limitations of political and intentional regulation. It is argued, that in the emerging postfordist mode of regulation „the political“ does not stand opposite „the economic“ but both spheres have a contradictory relationship: The political sphere develops institutional ensembles which enable the creation and stabilisation of markets. This relationship is demonstrated by the transformation of the societal relationships with nature especially the conflicting field of biodiversity politics.
Irreführende Geisterdebatte oder funktionale Notwendigkeit?
Authors: Jakobeit Cord
Published: September 2018

The paper starts with a presentation and critique of regime theoretical approaches to the understanding of world economic developments after 1945. Within the debate on re-regulation, the normative-idealistic calls for a global environmental organisation seem to ignore what we have learned so far about the change and the effectiveness of international regimes. A fundamental regime change requires the consensus of the hegemon and/or the hegemonial group. And regime effectiveness does not primarily depend upon hierarchical organisational structures. Rather than advocating a global environmental organisation, from an ecological perspective the reform-minded transnational discourse networks would be better adviced to work for the acceptance of ecologically oriented indicators for economic development within all existing organisations of the world economy.
Ist Außenpolitik noch Außenpolitik … und was ist eigentlich Innenpolitik?
Authors: Messner Dirk
Published: September 2018

Globalization processes are emphatically changing the coordinate system of politics. The „epoch of the nation state“ is drawing to its end. Dirk Messner discusses four core elements involved in the change of the architecture of politics in the „era of globalism“: (1) the rapidly growing differentiation of the foreign relations of nation states as an indicator of the erosion of the classical bounds of domestic and foreign policy; (2) the trend toward the formation of a world society; (3) the growing density of transboundary networks and global problems that lead not only to an increase of international relations based on interdependency (a phenomenon long familiar to us) but to an erosion of the „internal sovereignty“ of nation states, which is turning the rules of international and global politics upside down; (4) the change of the form of political power under the conditions of globalization.
Kritik der Kritik am Global Governance-Konzept
Authors: Nuscheler Franz
Published: September 2018

"Diese Erwiderung bezieht sich in erster Linie auf die in einer Studie von WEED (1999) vorgetragene Kritik an den beiden Duisburger „globalen Gouvernanten“, zu der es Ende 1999 in Berlin ein Streitgespräch und in Frankfurt eine ganztägige Diskussionsrunde gab.1 Es gibt inzwischen eine ganze Reihe von zustimmenden und kritischen Stellungnahmen. Die Kontroverse wurde auch in den Globalen Trends 200“ ausgetragen, die im Duisburger Institut für Entwicklung und Frieden (INEF) unter der Federführung von Dirk Messner und Franz Nuscheler entstanden – also der beiden „globalen Gouvernanten“, wie eine Verbalinjurie in der Überschrift einer frühen Kritik in den blätter des iz3w lautete. Ihr Autor war Christian Stock, der auch zu den Autoren der WEED-Studie gehört..."
Die Konferenz von Seattle und die Anti-WTO-Bewegung
Authors: O'Connor Jim
Published: September 2018

The article describes the political and economic contradictions underlying the Seattle conference of the WTO. He outlines that the US aimed at a further liberalization of world markets in order to stabilize the national economy which is exposed increasingly to threats of financial instability. The Anti-WTO movement is fragmented; three major parts exist: labout movement, the greens and the internationalists. As O’Conner points out the discussion between these differnt movements were dominated by considerable differences of opinion; further more labour and the greens face free rider problems, which hamper building up an independent Anti WTO movement.
Editorial: China auf dem Weg zum Kapitalismus
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: China auf dem Weg zum Kapitalismus
Das chinesische Akkumulationsmodell und die Hilflosigkeit der traditionellen Entwicklungstheorien
Authors: Herr Hansjörg
Published: September 2018

The gradual character of the Chinese transition process was much more successful than the transition in Russia. The basis for high growth in China can be found in high investment. The latter was driven by state-owned enterprises (SOEs). But since several years SOEs have been realising high losses and have to be restructured. China seems to enter a new stage of development towards a capitalistic economy. These developments are not without economic and political risks. Traditional development theories have great difficulties to understand and to explain the Chinese development.
Wachstum auf Kosten der Entwicklung?
Authors: Breslin Shaun
Published: September 2018

Whilst rather modest compared with later changes, the adoption of a more open policy towards the global economy in 1978 marked a fundamental ideological shift that was a pre-requisite for all that was to follow. One of the results is, that the impressive growth of chinese economy was an export-led growth. Between 1993 and 1995 exports increased by 60 per cent in two years, and doubled in the space of five years. As such, export growth became the safety net for domestic restructuring. It was a means of maintaining employment, creating new jobs, and essentially providing the opportunity to deal with the domestic economy whilst not sacrificing growth or dramatically increasing urban unemployment. But one must question whether the growth of the processing trade provides a firm foundation for long term sustainable growth in China.
Frauen in China. Transformation und sozialer Wandel
Authors: Yu-Dembski Dagmar
Published: September 2018

The transformation in China since the eighties from a planned economy to a more market oriented economy led to significant changes in the social structure. The effects on women are different depending (amongst other things) on where women live: In the countryside or in the cities.
Privatisierung in China
Authors: Lau Raymond K.W.
Published: September 2018

During the last ten years Chinese government’s attitude towards private enterprises has shifted significantly. Early in the 90s private capital was regarded as a mere supplement to the state sector of the economy, but since the 15th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 1997 the private sector has been regarded as an „important component part“ of the economy. This policy shift occured because Chinese economy went into serious difficulties threatening the reform process. Declining profits of state owned enterprises, caused by shrinking monopoly rents, the high gearing of these firms, over capacities due to a duplicative industrial structure emerging as a result of an ill framed system of management in the early stages of reform and a severe fiscal crisis, brought about by eroding fiscal revenue speeded up privatization of all kinds of firms and fostered the sale of state equities in listed companies. Thus state budget simply was lacking the funds for restructuring state owned enterprises and no realistic alternative to privatization remained.
Die Zukunft der Staatsunternehmen in China
Authors: Shi Zhongliang
Published: September 2018

The author, president of the Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics at Peking and personally involved in the process of economic restructuring, describes the Status Quo and the future measures concerning privatization in China. Zhongliang represents the official view about how to reform the state-owned Enterprises (SOE). He emphasizes the necessity to reduce the sector of SOEs by privatization of small SOEs and private equity partizipation in large SOEs which were to be transformed into corporations (shareholder companies).
Max Weber und der „konfuzianische Kapitalismus“
Authors: Pohlmann Markus
Published: September 2018

In explanations of the path of capitalist development in East Asia, the idea of „confucian capitalism” became well accepted in the past two decades. Turning on the one hand Weber upside down (by changing the direction of his explanation) , most authors did rely on the other hand on his theoretical approach. But, by comparing Webers approach with the mode of explanation applied in recent studies, the article does reveal the theoretical flaws as well as the weak empirical base of the intended cultural explanations. „Confucian capitalism” seems not only to be a rather misleading catchphrase, but as such also a barreer to sound cultural explanations of capitalist development.
Schweden: Vom „Dritten Weg“ der achtziger Jahre zur „globalisierten Sozialdemokratie“ des 21. Jahrhunderts?
Authors: Feld Raimund
Published: September 2018

There was an impact of neoliberalism on the Swedish model over the past twenty years. Its main political driving force was the social democratic party. It is argued that neoliberalism had a major impact first on the level of discourse and then, from 1990 onwards, on the policy level as well. As a result, the gap between the Swedish model and continental welfare states is found to be narrowing, the universalism of the model itself being undermined as those who can afford to do so more and more frequently choose to pay for better services on the market while others are relegated to means-tested social assistance and social services increasingly starved of resources.
Editorial: Ethnisierung und Ökonomie
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Ethnisierung und Ökonomie
Unternehmertum und Ethnizität – ein seltsames Paar
Authors: Schmidt Dorothea
Published: September 2018

Ethnic economy and ethnic entrepreneurship are terms widely used in the anglo-american discussion in relation with questions of migration and integration of minorities. The results of this research are confronted with those coming out of the deconstructivist and post-colonial debate on ethnicity. Historical and present experiences show indeed that ethnic communities cannot be seen as invariable and homogeneous. Specific cultures, may they be grounded on religion or on nationality, display internal breaks and blurred outlines. Nevertheless, for certain periods and in certain circumstances, they may form the basis for ethnic resources, e.g. networks which can be used economically. A central finding is that such resources do not only exist for minorities economies but inside majorities economies as well.
Kritik der „ethnischen Ökonomie“
Authors: Timm Elisabeth
Published: September 2018

The idea of a specific „ethnic economy“ is based on the misperception, that e.g. immigrants organize their lives according to a pre-capitalist („traditional“) mode of production, which is thought to be characterized by a mixture of personal relationships (e.g. kinship) and economic practice. Such perceptions of the other have been criticized as „culturalism“ or „ethnicism“. The idea of an „ethnic economy“ is interpreted as a contribution to ethnicism and, considering the present circumstances of hegemonic discourse, to racism too. This effect could be avoided if the modification of marxist theory by Pierre Bourdieu is recognized.
Ethnizität, Differenz und Hybridität in der Migration
Authors: Nghi Ha Kien
Published: September 2018

German society, nowadays, is marked by postcolonial immigration. This article tries to reconstruct ethnicity as historically based cultural identity that is not only open to the narration of collective experiences, but also to the recognition of difference, ambivalence, and change. These terms are also key-concepts in the post-colonial discourse of Anglo-American Cultural Studies, when culture and identity are discussed. Without the security of essentialist guarantee, but with the notion of ethnicity, that is devoted to different voices, the post-colonial critique tries to conceive of a political strategy, where marginalization is revalorised and the hybrid culture of the „borderlands” is promoted.
Ethnisierung als Ressource und Praxis
Authors: Scherr Albert
Published: September 2018

Forms of doing ethnicity question an understanding of modern society as a society of free and equal individuals as well as the idea, that membership of social class determines social identities. What kind of a challenge the obversation of processes of ethnicitation represents in regard of the theories of contemporary society should discuss more precisely. In front of this background it is supposed to see ethnicitation as an indeterminate collective name for intern heterogene social practices of social construction of collective identities. It is argued, that even so processes of ethnicitation often indicate conflicts between majorities and minorities and the structural and manifested discrimination of the latter, it can not be sufficiently and exclusively explained in this way.
Ethnisierung oder Internationalisierung?
Authors: Hillmann Felicitas
Published: September 2018

The paper examines the intersection of migration systems and urban labour markets and focusses then empirically on the case of the Turkish ethnic economy in Berlin and the ethnic structuration of its labour market. Ethnic economies are further conceptualized as functioning also gendering revolving doors between the formal and the informal segments of the labor market.
Geschäftsinteresse statt ethnischer Identität?
Authors: Laube Stefan
Published: September 2018

The example of the metropole of textile industries in Poland gives us new facts on the weight of ethnic patterns in business´ life. This paper put stress on the mentalities and activities of textile barons in their careers as entrepreneurs, who were most of german or jewish origin. In Lodz, where the rasant capitalist change produced above all a field of economic expansion and technical improvment and where the central governmental power was far away the fabricants began more or less under the same conditions undisturbed of indigenous structures. Ethnical or national belongings disappeared more and more behind the contemporary slogan of „Lodzer Mensch“, who represented a „fin de siècle – businessman“ on the peak of capitalism.
Informalisierung und Staat:
Authors: Odmann Emine Asli
Published: September 2018

Informal economy covers all activities which are not regulated by the state. Nevertheless, Turkey’s experience with structural adjustment since 1980 shows that the state played an active role in the expansion of the informal economy. Alterations in the legal framework as well as changes in the policy parameters of the economic activity enforced informalization in the labour and housing markets.
Krieg und Umwelt in Jugoslawien
Authors: Ott Erich
Published: September 2018

During the war on the Balkan one thing was certain for the NATO; amongst military air attack objectives the infrastructure in Serbia and the Kosovo will be the other target. In the course of action it turned out quickly that failures regarding military objects were compensated for extremely enhanced destruction of essential infrastructure: industry, transportation, lakes and rivers, etc. Subject of this article are consequences regarding damages to the environment and health hazards which are discussed in connection with eventual violation of human rights.
Editorial: Soziale Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Soziale Gerechtigkeit
Formel 1 der neuen Sozialdemokratie: Gerechtigkeit durch Ungleichheit
Authors: Mahnkopf Birgit
Published: September 2018

During the last years „modern“ social democrats reinterpret the social question, following the lines of neoliberal thinking. Diminishing social inequality is no longer the main goal. Social democrats are willing to accept social inequalities, with the idea, that such inequalities are leading to an increasing output, bringing benfits to the whole society. The different arguments of social democrat defence of social inequalities are discussed. The main concepts are criticized, especially in consideration of the temporary tendencies of globalisation.
Soziale Gerechtigkeit in Zeiten der Globalisierung und Individualisierung
Authors: Lohauß Peter
Published: September 2018

The fundamental concepts of DGB, SPD and CDU and their current debate of new programs are examined for the change in the concepts of social justice. Both large parties now define social justice in terms of subordination under the economic constraint of the labour market. The long overdue solutions for the change of the system of social security regarding equality of generations and gender and thus the draft of a modern conception of social justice is still pending.
Generationengerechtigkeit in der Wirtschaftspolitik.
Authors: Reuter Norbert
Published: September 2018

The new red-green government in Germany follows in economic policy the neoliberal aim of forced public debt reduction. Also the system of public pensions plans (with costs shared by employers and employees) will be reorganised, giving private pension funds payed by employees alone more weight. Both measures shall improve inter-generational justice. This claim is criticized as well in a fundamental manner as in consideration of the german situation.
„Aktivierung und workfare“ Arbeitsmarktpolitische Herrschaftsinstrumente in der flexibilisierten Wirtschaft
Authors: Zilian Hans Georg
Published: September 2018

Workfare, which makes unemployment benefits depending on some labour of the unemployed, and activation of the unemployed are analyzed as complementary measures strengthening some tendencies of labour markets. Workfare and acitvation have their origins in a special practice of neoliberalism: the transfoming of „slack“. In this process different forms of pressure are important, but sometimes it is difficult to realize the point, where pressure begins.
Gerechtigkeit und Gleichheit
Authors: Ladwig Bernd
Published: September 2018

The author defends an egalitarian conception of justice against recent anti-egalitarian criticisms in politics and philosophy. On a conceptual level he argues that modern morality is based on a principle of equal respect and concern. As a consequence, all that a conception of distributive justice has to elaborate is an adequate interpretation of equality. In short, equality is the epitome of justice. The article gives an outline of a conception that respects and accentuates the responsibility of persons for leading their own lives and that nevertheless justifies strong demands for redistribution in the realm of social politics.
Rawls weltweit
Authors: Müller-Plantenberg Urs
Published: September 2018

Rawls‘ Theory of justice is related to a „closed“ society. His theory is discussed under the conditions of globalization, where the world society is the only useful meaning of a closed society. But insofar societies are organised in different states, people have to regard the needs of „outsiders“, if they want to practice a minimum of justice.
„Ökologische Kultur“, „Umweltrationalität“ und „Umweltethik“
Authors: Leff Enrique
Published: September 2018

Considering the ecological crisis a new “ecological culture” is necessary. This would include a new eco-technological paradigm of production as well as a new “environmental ethics”. But such an environmental ethics may not be defined in narrow sense, the basic needs, the traditions, and the quality of life have to be taken into consideration. After all, such a framwork is not compatible with the logic of capitalist production.
New Economy – neuer Kapitalismus?
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial
New Economy: Wachstumsschub durch Produktivitätsrevolution?
Authors: Scherrer Christoph
Published: September 2018

The article discusses the macroeconomic argument of a New Economy that allows for higher non-inflationary economic growth due to increases in productivity caused by the digital revolution. Besides presenting evidence put forward by mainstream protagonists of the New Economy, it explores an interpretation of the New Economy inspired by regulation theory. Specifically it looks at the stability of a finance-led regime of accumulation on the basis of the digital production paradigm. Some basic causal relationships of such a regime, especially the investment – profits, wealth – profits, and wealth – consumption connections, seem too fragile for suggesting that a stable new regime of accumulation has emerged. Furthermore, the New Economy thesis suffers from serious problems in measuring productivity in the service industries. Therefore, it seems just as plausible that the long „Clinton“-expansion was a singular event made possible by the special position the U.S. enjoys in the world economy.
Die Rolle finanzieller Faktoren im US-amerikanischen Wirtschaftsboom der 90er Jahre
Authors: Evans Trevor
Published: September 2018

Although the most recent US economic expansion began in 1991, rapid growth and job creation only date from 1996. This faster growth was driven principally be consumer demand, but while the stock market bubble that developed from 1996 might explain spending by upperincome groups, most share holdings are small. A more significant financial factor behind the boom has been the rapid growth of borrowing by both companies and households, whose debts now stand at a record high. This borrowing has been financed by massive inflows of financial capital from abroad, and the possibility that these could turn around is the greatest threat facing the US economy as the expansion comes to an end.
Die neue Ökonomie des Shareholder Value
Authors: Sablowski Thomas , Rupp Joachim
Published: September 2018

In this paper we argue that the growing importance of the stock mark et i s one central element of t he s o called New Economy. W e analyse the economic and political reasons, the mechanisms and consequences of the increasing capital market orientation of enterprises. In the first section we want to show the fundamental difference between the maximisation of the stock price and of the profitability of the corporation. T he r easons o f the increasing c apital m ark et o rientation a re d ealt w ith in the second section. In the third section we are discussing the shareholder value concept. The institutional changes we can find in the German Corporate Governance system which are connected with the shareholder value debate are described in the fourth section. The last section sums up the consequences and the specific contradictions of the increasing capital market orientation like the contradiction between long-term and short-term maximisation of returns, the impending hollowing-out of firm competencies, and the proliferation of cash burning business models.
Silicon Valley: Vernetzte Produktion, Industriearbeit und soziale Bewegungen im Detroit der „New Economy“
Authors: Lüthje Boy
Published: September 2018

The article explores the new patterns of manufacturing organization and manufacturing work underlying the much-heralded information technology industry of California´s Silicon Valley. From a theoretical approach based on French regulation theory, critical U.S. industrial geography, and German industrial sociology the paper argues that the Silicon Valley of the 1990s has become a place of prime importance for the development of new manufacturing arrangements in the information technology industry. The article discusses the implications for Silicon Valley´s manufacturing workforce, which is mainly made up of women and non-white immigrants, and the challenges for the labor movement.
Vom Lohnarbeiter zum Shareholder?
Authors: Priewe Jan
Published: September 2018

The paper investigates the impact of some features of the 90s in Germany: shareholder-value orientation and changes in the distribution of share capital, booming asset prices, profit-sharing schemes including option plans, increased capital funded old-age provisions. Two propositions are discussed and, finally, denied: Due to these trends there might emerge a tendency towards a more equal distribution of capital stocks, and a relevant portion of employees might turn out as shareholders with considerable non-wage income. However, despite severe shortcomings in the data base a wave of further wealth concentration can be observed, and the workers´ share in capital assets has remained insignificant, apart from a small but increasing stratum of middle and high income employees.
„Geistige Orientierung“ der Bertelsmann-Stiftung
Authors: Schöller Oliver
Published: September 2018

It will be presented the German Bertelsmann-Foundation which belongs to one of the world-wide biggest media companies. The enterprise-foundation exerts an important influence on several social reform movements in Germany. Doing this, the Bertelsmann-Foundation succeeds in integrating associations, parties and personalities representing nearly the entire range of society. This raises the question, weather the foundation is a political neutral institution as it claims to be. By having a critical look at the foundation-project „intellectual orientation“ the social character of production of ideas by the Bertelsmann-Foundation will be demonstrated. It can be shown, the role of the Bertelsmann-Foundation is that of a mediator, transforming different interests into a new kind of social corporatism.
Marx und Keynes
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial
Monetäre Werttheorie.
Authors: Heinrich Michael
Published: September 2018

In contrast to the traditional labor embodied theory of value a monetary approach to Marxian value theory is presented, stressing the ideas of value form analysis. Its implications for the theories of credit and crisis are discussed. It is shown, that Marx‘ „law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall“ cannot be held, but that this does no harm to a theory of crisis, developed on the basis of monetary value theory.
Baustelle Neomarxismus
Authors: Dräger Klaus
Published: September 2018

The current s lowdown of the US- and European economies alike and the persistent stagnation of the Japanese economy revitalized the debates on crisis theory. Explanations of “stages of capitalism” offered by the Paris Regulation School on the one hand and of the neomarxist debate inspired by the work of Robert Brenner on the other hand are reviewed. The notion of the viability of a new finance led accumulation regime (shareholder capitalism), put forward by Aglietta and Boyer, is strongly contested. The author criticizes as well the neomarxist debate as offering no alternative perspectives to exit the long downswing of the global economy. Neomarxism is portrayed as a construction site, with a strong need of input from politcal ecology and feminism to provide a proper analysis of contemporary capitalism as well as perspectives for alternative solutions.
Keynes und seine Interpreten
Authors: Herr Hansjörg
Published: September 2018

Keynes started to develop a new economic paradigm that is different form the classical and neoclassical school. He stressed the role of effective demand, money, uncertainty and subjective expectations. Only the postkeynesian interpretation of Keynes follows the original ideas of Keynes. The IS-LM-model together with the neoclassical syntheses, the neokeynesian and the newkeynesian models reduce Keynes to short-run disturbances of the long-run neoclassical equilibrium.
Über Geld und Geldtheorien
Authors: Chick Victoria
Published: September 2018

Different ways of studying monetary theory are discussed. Chick compares the roles and functions, money acquires in the neoclassical general equilibrium model, in Keynesian as well as in circular flow theories. She argues in favour of an economic theory, which is open to historical time and the evolution of institutions. Otherwise economic theory will be depleted of social relevance.
Der Finanzkeynesianismus in der Tradition Hyman Minskys
Authors: Emunds Bernhard
Published: September 2018

Financial Keynesian with his emphasis on a broad definition of liquidity preference is presented. In addition, this article discusses financial influences on the business cycle. According to Hyman P. Minsky (1919-1996), the U.S. financial system amplifies economic upturns and downturns and widespread financial difficulties cause or accelerate the upper turning point. However, in countries with extensive stock and real estate markets, another financial influence seems to be possible today: intensive speculation slows down the upturn because the enormous amounts of money that are used to speculate worsen the lending conditions of investing firms.
Postkeynesianische Finanzpolitik zwischen Gestaltungsoptionen und Steuerungsgrenzen
Authors: Heise Arne
Published: September 2018

The public budget has always been a much debated object at the political level as well as in academia. This is not surprising as it mirrors the political intentions and ideologies of those running the government on the one hand and taking into account that economics is a multiparadigmatic science on the other hand. Against this backcloth, the current unambiguity of budgetary restriction in recent political and scientific debates seems curious. The paper aims at explaining this development and questions its validity by framing a concept of budgetary sustainability on the grounds of a heterodox, post Keynesian model.
Paradigmenwechsel in der monetären Koordination von Zentralbanken?
Authors: Muchlinski Elke
Published: September 2018

This paper introduces a theoretical outline defining the old and new configuration of tripolarity of currencies as an important framework to monetary coordination. The theoretical outline encompasses three dimensions: (i) the designation of unequal, but dominant currencies, which (ii) is itself determined by the international functions of money, and (iii) monetary coordination addressed to central bank policy and exchange rate management. The paper is limited to special remarks regarding these dimensions against certain historical backgrounds. It reviews literature emphasizing that economic interdependencies are no longer identified merely as restrictions on domestic macropolicy as it were throughout the past decades.
Globalisierung, Transformation und Neoliberalismus in Lateinamerika:
Authors: Parnreiter Christof
Published: September 2018

With the debt crisis of 1982 fundamental transformations began in Latin America. State centered forms of development were abandoned in favour of liberal strategies, oriented to the world market. New literature discussing this transformation process and its outcomings is reviewed.
„Bereichert Euch! – und zwar nach Strich und Faden“
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial
Geld stinkt doch!
Authors: Altvater Elmar
Published: September 2018

Money is means of payment, it needs a legal form. Money resulting from illegal business lacks this legal shape, it needs “money laundering”. Methods of money laundering especially related to electronic banking and “shadow-banking” are discussed. The harmfulness of money laundering and is shown as well as the consequences for the social regime of time and space: only presence counts, instead of concrete territories abstract nodal points of networks come into play.
Das globale Panopticon
Authors: Gill Stephen
Published: September 2018

After the Cold war new analytic and information-processing capability o f the world’s intelligence communities are linked to new ideologies of national competitiveness. It is in this context that we outline new mechanisms of public and private surveillance in finance - or in the terminology coined by Jeremy Bentham, “panopticism”. A t the same t ime we c an o bserve the massive growth of the “informal”, secret, often illegal offshore political economy which escapes the systems of accountability and regulation. When combined in the global financial system, these structures facilitate both legal and illegal, formal and informal transfers of resources from the Third World to the affluent West, as well as money laundering, financial fraud, tax evasion and other ways that serve to redistribute wealth from the poor to the rich. This is shown by our case study the collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI). US Congressional indicated how American government and security officials using the BCCI may have plundered international financial structures to privatise foreign policy and (clandestine) warfare.
Der Plan Colombia
Authors: Zelik Raul
Published: September 2018

The Plan Colombia is legitimated with the war against drugs. But the USefforts in the region seem to have less to do with drug problems but with geostrategic aims: roll back of guerilla forces, stabilising a state in a geographic important region. The article highlights the historical roots of the conflicts in Colombia as well as the present situation.
Staatsauflösung und Kriegsfinanzen
Authors: Andrees Beate
Published: September 2018

The article explains criminal dimensions of ethnic conflicts through the interconnection of transnational diaspora communities and mafia networks with local “warlord regimes”. It is argued that by supporting local warlords, which have partly or in total replaced state institutions, these networks contribute to the intensification and prolongation of the conflict. Moreoever, they are democratically not legitimated and provide security as well as access to resources on highly exclusive terms. The case of Kosovo demonstrates that intervention is unlikely to break these long established informal structures, especially if international institutions such as the UN are not accepted by the local population.
„Disparater Tausch“
Authors: Custers Peter
Published: September 2018

Financing civil wars in Africa depends of the export of raw materials like diamonds or oil as well on the side of government as on the side of rebels. Transnational corporation get big profits by these exports, especially in the monopolised sector of diamond industries. In result, there exists not only an “unequal exchange” because of bad terms of trade, but a “disparate exchange”: natural wealth is exchanged against waste products like weapons and the use of these weapons leads to further destruction and misery.
Öffentliche Staatsgewalt?
Authors: Gerstenberger Heide
Published: September 2018

It was only when domination was no longer seen as legitimising private appropriation that “corruption” and “political scandal” became topics of political debate. The constitution of the modern (bourgeois) state separated the competition for power from the competition for profit or for means of living. Only then became the concept of “public service” a structural element of the political system. Today we observe new forms of clientelism, i.e. the furthering of one’s interests through personal connections, a new culture of privileges for the political class and systemic corruption in many branches of the state apparatus. These developments have been furthered by the dynamics of modern mass parties, especially their alimentation through the state, by dense administrative regulation and by the transformation of the political culture in post-bourgeois nation-states.
Argentinien 2001: Von der langandauernden Rezession zur Währungs- und Finanzkrise
Authors: Boris Dieter
Published: September 2018

After the introduction of the currency board system (1991) and the realization of far reaching “neoliberal reforms” the Argentine economy seemed to have overcome parts of its traditional weakness and achieve high rates of growth. However, the long-lasting recession - in effect since August 1998 - revealed ongoing disproportions and defects of Argentine capitalism and accentuated them even more: the increased dependency on external capital inflows, weak industrial competitiveness caused by institutional, infrastructural and societal deficiencies as well as the - by now contraprodutive - fixation of the Peso to the US-Dollar. A ll of this leads to Argentina being less an less able to overcome the present crisis on her own.
Editorial: Globalisierung des Terrors
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Globalisierung des Terrors
Das nicht so neue Tandem:
Authors: Narr Wolf-Dieter
Published: September 2018

After the 11th of September the old and much too suppressed topic about the – causal?, dialectic? – relation between capital development and its newest stage, i.e. globalization and violence has to be taken up again. Going back to Marx´ famous and still very readable Part VIII of ‘Capital’ (The So-Called Primitive Accumulation) it will be argued, that the inbuilt violence of the capitalist development is increasing but not decreasing in the wake of its globalization. Therefore the search for alternatives has to be pushed forward much harder that it has been the case during the stupidifying discussion about the end of history.
Globalisierung und Terror
Authors: Hirsch Joachim
Published: September 2018

The new form of international terrorism shows complex relations to the capitalist globalization process. It is argued that the present international system – despite of the absolute economic and military dominance of the „strong states” under US-leadership – is marked by a fundamental lack of political hegemony. The crisis of politics resulting from this „non hegemonial” situation is based in a fundamental contradiction of the neoliberal globalization project. The reactions of the dominant states to the terrorist attacks are suited to deepen and to intensify this political crisis.
„Neue Weltordnung“
Authors: Young Brigitte , Hegelich Simon
Published: September 2018

The attacks on 11th September are – according to the current belief – a turning point in the US-foreign policy. The authors contest this popular view and suggest that a new military policy was already designed in the aftermath of the collaps of the Soviet Union in 1990. Focussing on the Gulf War and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty the authors argue, that the USA has relied on both unilateralism and mulitlateralism to further its particular foreign policy intersts.
Die USA nach dem 11. September 2001
Authors: Mayer Margit , Greven Thomas
Published: September 2018

The article outlines the domestic consequences of 9-11. It details the war on the homefront by describing steps taken in the immediate aftermath of the attacks, such as the passage and content of the USA Patriot Act, its consequences for immigrants as well as U.S. citizens, and the secrecy surrounding the detention of more than a thousand suspects in what looks like a massive campaign in racial profiling. It also looks at the congressional debate on how the government should intervene to support affected economic sectors and regulate airport security.
Zur Krisensituation der arabischen Gesellschaften
Authors: Alnasseri Sabah
Published: September 2018

If anything brings the construction Bin-Laden discoursivly to the fore it is a specific conflict situation with the participation of the USA in the arabic space: a conflict situation between the dominant political regimes, the opposing conservativ-liberal blocks, and an extremist wing. The conflict could be characterized as between two political strategies about the restructuring of this economic as well as geostrategic important space. The construction Bin-Laden is the name of this violence game.