bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CARCINOSTATIC 6,6A,7,8,13,13A‐HEXAHYDRO‐1‐BENZOPYRANO(4,3‐B)‐1‐5‐BENZODIAZEPINE DIASTEREOISOMERS
Authors: WERNER W. , JUNGSTAND W. , GUTSCHE W. , WOHLRABE K. , ROEMER W. , TRESSELT D.
Published: November 2023

Die Diamine (I) cyclisieren mit den Chromanonen (II) zu den Benzopyranodiazepinen (III), deren Hydrierung zu den Diastereomeren (I V) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: OXAZEPINES AND THIAZEPINES. PART 8. NAPHTHYL DERIVATIVES OF 2,3‐DIHYDRO‐1,5‐BENZOTHIAZEPINES
Authors: LEVAI A.
Published: November 2023

Die Kondensation von o‐Aminothiophenol (I) mit den α,β‐ungesättigten Ketonen (IIa) führt zur Bildung der o‐Aminophenylmercaptoketone (III), während mit (IIb) die entsprechenden Benzothiazepine (IVa) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL ORGANOBORANE COMPOUND TYPE FROM THE REACTION OF DIPHENYLBROMOBORANE WITH DI‐ISOPROPYLCARBAMOYL‐LITHIUM
Authors: FLETCHER A. S. , PAGET W. E. , SMITH K. , SWAMINATHAN K. , BEYNON J. H. , MORGAN R. P. , BOZORGZADEH M. , HALEY M. J.
Published: November 2023

Durch Umsetzung von Diphenylbromboran (I) mit Di‐isopropylcarbamoyllithium (II) und anschließende wäßrige Aufarbeitung und Chromatographje entsteht die Verbindung (III) und nicht das erwartete Amid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS. PART LXX. SILYL DERIVATIVES OF PYRAZOLE, ISOXAZOLE AND 1,2,3‐TRIAZOLE
Authors: BIRKOFER L. , RICHTZENHAIN K.
Published: November 2023

Das Butadiin (I) wird durch Addition von Hydrazin (IIa) in das Silylmethylpyrazol (IIIa) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF ETHYL HYPOPHOSPHITE
Authors: PINNICK H. W. , REYNOLDS M. A.
Published: November 2023

Die Umsetzung von Na‐hypophosphit (I) mit dem Oxoniumsalz (II) liefert den Ester (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF D,L‐PHOSPHINOTHRICIN BY STRECKER REACTION
Authors: GRUSZECKA E. , SOROKA M. , MASTALERZ P.
Published: November 2023

Durch Freie‐Radikal‐ Addition des Ethyl‐methylphosphinits (II) an das Acroleinacetal (I) entsteht das 3,3‐Diethoxypropyl‐phosphinat (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE OF THE PRODUCT OBTAINED FROM THE REACTION OF AN αα′‐DIBROMOPHOSPHINE OXIDE WITH 1,5‐DIAZABICYCLO(4.3.0)NON‐5‐ENE AND OTHER BASES
Authors: QUAST H. , HEUSCHMANN M.
Published: November 2023

Das Phosphanoxid (I) wird zum Dibromid (II) halogeniert, das mit 1,5‐Diazabicyclo(4,3,0)nonen‐(5) (DBN) bei anschließender Hydrolyse zu (III) und nicht zu (IV) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THIOCYANATES AND SELENOCYANATES BY DIAZOTIZATION OF 3‐AMINOTHIOPHENES AND 3‐AMINOSELENOPHENES. ACCESS TO 3‐MERCAPTOTHIOPHENE AND 2‐SELENOPHENECARBALDEHYDE AND TO THEIR ACETYL HOMOLOGS
Authors: PAULMIER C.
Published: November 2023

Die 3‐Amino‐thiophene und ‐selenophene (II) reagieren nach A) bzw. B) zu den Thiocyanaten (I) bzw. Selenocyanaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORINATED ORGANOMETALLICS: OXIDATIVE LIQUID‐PHASE DIRECT FLUORINATION. PART T 4. DIORGANYLCHALCOGEN(SULFUR, SELENIUM, TELLURIUM) DIFLUORIDES BY DIRECT FLUORINATION OF SULFIDES, SELENIDES, AND TELLURIDES
Authors: RUPPERT I.
Published: November 2023

Die Titeldifluoride (II) werden durch Fluorierung der vorzugsweise phenylierten Chalkogenide (I) in Direktsynthese erhalten und die Vorteile des neuen Verfahrens gegenüber herkömmlichen Methoden abgegrenzt.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE COUPLING OF CARBONYL OR IMINO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS BY DICARBONYLBIS(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)TITANIUM(II): MODEL REACTIONS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE DIMERIZATION AND A NOVEL METALLACYCLE FORMATION
Authors: PASQUALI M. , FLORIANI C. , CHIESI‐VILLA A. , GUASTINI C.
Published: November 2023

Während der Ti‐Komplex (I) die Disproportionierung von CO2 und Phenylisocyanat verursacht, begünstigt er die reduktive Kupplung von CO2‐ähnlichen Molekülen wie Diethylketomalonat (II) oder Di‐p‐tolylcarbodiimid (IV), die als CO2‐Äquivalente angesehen werden, da sie jeweils eines der Hauptmerkmale, die aktivierte C=O‐Funktion oder die Kumulenstruktur, haben.
ChemInform Abstract: OXOVANADIUM(IV) COMPLEXES WITH 2‐(O‐HYDROXYPHENYL)BENZIMIDAZOLE AND RELATED LIGANDS
Authors: GUPTA S. K. , MISHRA L. K.
Published: November 2023

Vanadylsulfat‐tetrahydrat bildet mit den entsprechenden NO‐Liganden in methanolischer Lösung die Komplexe (I) meist quantitativ.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL μ‐HYDROXO TRANSITION METAL COMPLEX
Authors: WIEGHARDT K. , SCHMIDT W. , ENDRES H. , WOLFE C. R.
Published: November 2023

Versuche, zweikernige Komplexe des Chroms(III mit drei u‐Hydroxobrücken durch Kondensation von Triaquaaminchrom(III)‐Komplexen in saurem Medium darzustellen, führen nur zu Di‐u‐hydroxo‐Komplexen wie (I), obwohl sterisch anspruchsvolle dreizähnige Amine verwendet werden, die nur faciale Positionen in einem Oktaeder besetzen können.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF COORDINATED DINITROGEN. 6. DISPLACEMENT OF COORDINATED DINITROGEN BY DIHYDROGEN IN LOW‐VALENT MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES
Authors: ARCHER L. J. , GEORGE T. A.
Published: November 2023

Zur leichteren Charakterisierung der sich bildenden Hydridkomplexe werden nach bekannter Literaturmethode zwei neue zweizähnige Liganden wegen ihrer besseren Lösungseigenschaften synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: FOUR‐, FIVE‐, AND SIX‐COORDINATED IRON(II) COMPLEXES WITH POLY(1‐PYRAZOLYL)METHANES
Authors: MANI F.
Published: November 2023

Die Halogenidkomplexe (I), (IIa) und (IV) wurden durch Mischen warmer Lösungen der Metallsalze und der Liganden in stöchiometrischer Menge dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW METALLACARBORANE CLUSTERS FROM COUPLED CARBORANES
Authors: PLOTKIN J. S. , SNEDDON L. G.
Published: November 2023

Die thermische Reaktion von C5H5Co(CO)2 mit der durch Hg‐sensibilisierte Photolyse des Carborans 2,4‐C2B5H7 erhaltenen isomeren Mischung der B‐B‐gebundenen Carborane (2,4‐C2B5H6)2 bei 200°C liefert unter direkter Metalleinlagerung als primäre Produkte sechs Metallokomplexe der allgemeinen Formel (C5H5)2Co2C4B 10H ,2.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF A BRIDGED BINUCLEAR DIALKYLCOBALT COMPLEX WITH CARBON MONOXIDE AND PHOSPHINES. OBSERVATION OF COMPETING INTER‐ AND INTRAMOLECULAR METAL TO METAL METHYL TRANSFER
Authors: BRYNDZA H. E. , BERGMAN R. G.
Published: November 2023

Der zweikernige Dialkyl‐Co‐Komplex (I) reagiert schnell mit CO vermutlich über intermediäres Cyclopentadienyldimethylcarbonyl‐Co quantitativ zum monomeren Dicarbonyl‐Komplex (II) und Aceton (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SOME AZO MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS AND THEIR NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES
Authors: DABROWIAK J. C. , FISHER D. P. , MCELROY F. C. , MACERO D. J.
Published: November 2023

Die makrocyclische Schiffsche Base (Ia) reagiert in MeCN‐Lösung mit p‐Phenylazobenzoylchlorid in verschiedenen Molverhältnissen zu den Liganden (Ib und c).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF P‐BENZOQUINONE DIIMINE WITH SOME TRANSITION AND POST‐TRANSITION METAL IONS
Authors: ZAGHAL M. , TAYIM H. A.
Published: November 2023

Die Darstellung der Komplexe (I)‐(VIII) erfolgte durch die Titelreaktionen in wasserfreiem Ether.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND SPEKTROKINETISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN VON SPIROPYRANEN IN DER INDOLIN‐ UND BENZOTHIAZOLIN‐REIHE ZUM ZWECK DER ANWENDUNG IM BEREICH DER REPROGRAPHIE
Authors: LE BACCON M. , GARNIER F. , GULIELMETTI R.
Published: November 2023

Die nach bekannten Methoden synthetisierten Spiroverbindungen (I) bzw. (III) können reversibel in die gefärbten Photomerocyanine (II) bzw. (IV) umgewandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF METALLOPORPHYRINS WITH NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Authors: FANNING J. C. , MANDEL F. S. , GRAY T. L. , DATTA‐GUPTA N.
Published: November 2023

Die Porphyrin‐Metallkomplexe (I) werden mit überschüssigem NO2 in CH2Cl2 (Reaktantenverhältnis 20:1) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N‐AMINOPORPHYRINS
Authors: CALLOT H. J.
Published: November 2023

Aminierung des Octaethylporphyrins (Ia) mit O‐Mesitylsulfonyl‐hydroxylamin (OMSH) liefert das Amin (Ib), das mit Tosylchlorid zu dem Sulfonamid (Ic) umgesetzt wird; letzteres wird mit Zn(O‐Ac)2 zu dem Derivat (II) metalliert.
ChemInform Abstract: NON‐HEAD‐TO‐TAIL MONOTERPENES. SYNTHESIS OF (S)‐LYRATOL AND (S)‐LYRATYL ACETATE FROM (1R,3R)‐CHRYSANTHEMIC ACID
Authors: GAUGHAN R. G. , POULTER C. D.
Published: November 2023

Aus der definierten (+)‐( l R,3R)‐Chrysanthemumsäure (I) wird über die Zwischenstufen (II)‐(V) die stereospezifische Synthese von (S)‐Lyratol (VIb) vorgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: BIOMIMETIC POLYENE CYCLIZATIONS. TRAPPING OF THE RESULTANT CARBOCATION BY AN INTERNAL NUCLEOPHILE
Authors: GARST M. E. , CHEUNG Y.‐F. , JOHNSON W. S.
Published: November 2023

Ausgehend von Isochroman (I) wird über die Stufen (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IV) und (Va) der Alkohol (Vb) (Ausb. bezogen auf (I)) dargestellt, dessen Oxidationsprodukt (Vc) in einer Wittig‐Schlosser‐Reaktion mit dem Phosphoniumsalz (VI) zur Verbindung (VII) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: MILD DEGRADATIONS OF SUGARS. V. PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF 1,5‐ALDONOLACTONES S FROM 2‐OXOPROPYL GLYCOSIDES
Authors: BERNASCONI C. , COTTIER L. , DESCOTES G. , REMY G.
Published: November 2023

Die Oxopropylglycoside (III), (VIb), (VIII), (X) und (XII) werden,wie im Schema angegebemsynthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: A VERSATILE SYNTHESIS OF SPIROBENZYLISOQUINOLINE AND PHTHALIDEISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS. CONVERSION OF A PHTHALIDEISOQUINOLINE TO SPIROBENZYLISOQUINOLINES
Authors: NALLIAH B. C. , MACLEAN D. B. , HOLLAND H. L. , RODRIGO R.
Published: November 2023

Kondensation der Phenethylamine (Ia) bzw. (Ib) mit der Phthalidcarbonsäure (II) ergibt die Amide (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb), die zu Dehydrobicucullin (IVa) bzw. Dehydrocorlumin (IVb) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF SPIROBENZYLISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS. PART V. GENERALIZED APPROACH TO THE COMPLETE SET OF ALKALOIDS
Authors: DIME D. , MCLEAN S.
Published: November 2023

Pictet‐Spengler‐Reaktion des Phthalides (I) mit dem Dihydroxyphenethylamin (II) nach A) liefert die Halogenide (III), die das Gerüst von Spirobenzylisochinolin‐Alkaloiden aufweisen.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVERGENT ROUTE TO PHTHALIDEISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS VIA DIRECTED METALATION OF TERTIARY BENZAMIDES
Authors: DE SILVA S. O. , AHMAD I. , SNIECKUS V.
Published: November 2023

Aus dem Dimethoxybenzaldehyd (I) wird nach klassischer Meth de die Homophthalsäure (IX) dargestellt und über das Anhydrid (X) in das Bromid (X übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF INDOLE AND DIHYDROINDOLE ALKALOIDS. XVII. THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF CATHARINE AND VINAMIDINE (CATHARININE)
Authors: KUTNEY J. P. , BALSEVICH J. , WORTH B. R.
Published: November 2023

Autoxidation des Cleavamins (I) gibt das Epoxid (II) und das Enamid (III); aus dem Dihydrovinblastin (IVa) oder aus Leurosin (IVb) wird durch ähnliche Oxidation Catharin (V) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL SELENIUM‐BRIDGED CYCLONUCLEOSIDE, SE2,2′‐CYCLO‐2‐SELENOCYTIDINE
Authors: WISE D. S. , TOWNSEND L. B.
Published: November 2023

Das aus 2‐Seleno‐cytosin durch Silylierung mit N,O‐Bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐acetamid und Kondensation mit 1‐O‐Acetyl‐2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐D‐ribofuranose/ Zinntetrachlorid in 3 l%iger Ausbeute dargestellte 2‐Seleno‐cytidin (I) liefert bei Behandlung mit 2‐Acetoxyisobutyrylchlorid und nachfolgend mit Methanol/ Salzsäure das Cycloselenocytidin (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CONSTITUENTS OF EUPHORBIACEAE. V. SYNTHESIS OF CALCIUM 5,5‐DIMETHYL‐2‐OXO‐5,6‐DIHYDRO‐2H‐PYRAN‐3,4‐DICARBOXYLATE
Authors: FALSONE G. , SPUR B.
Published: November 2023

Zum Strukturbeweis der aus dem Milchsaft von Euphorbia biglandulosa isolierten Titelverbindung wird die freie Dicarbonsäure (IV) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPONENTS OF THE GREEN DEATH CUP MUSHROOM. LVI. RECYCLIZATION OF SECOPHALLOIDIN AND SECOPHALLISIN TO THE POISONOUS PARENT COMPOUNDS AND NONPOISONOUS DIASTEREOMERS
Authors: MUNEKATA E. , FAULSTICH H. , WIELAND T.
Published: November 2023

Die aus Phalloidin (Ia) und Phallisin (Ib) erhältlichen Secolactone (II) werden in die Secozwitterionen (III) verwandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIISOBORNYLOXYALUMINUM ISOPROPOXIDE ‐ A NEW HIGHLY SELECTIVE MEERWEIN‐PONNDORF‐VERLEY REAGENT
Authors: HUTTON J.
Published: November 2023

Das im Titel genannte Reagens, hergestellt aus Aluminiumisopropylat und D,L‐Isoborneol ist luftstabil und in toluolischer Lösung unbegrenzt lager fähig.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF 6α‐ALKYL‐6β‐ISOCYANOPENICILLANATES BY TRI‐N‐BUTYLTIN HYDRIDE. A STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 6β‐ALKYLPENICILLANATES
Authors: JOHN D. I. , THOMAS E. J. , TYRRELL N. D.
Published: November 2023

Die Isonitrile (I) werden mit Trin‐butylzinnhydrid zu den Verbindungen (II) reduziert, wobei als Nebenprodukt in 15%iger Ausbeute der Heterocyclus (III) aus der entsprechenden Hydroxymethylethylverbindung (I) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ORTHOSOMYCINS, A NEW FAMILY OF ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: WRIGHT D. E.
Published: November 2023

Review: Übersicht (Als Beispiele werden beschrieben: Flambamycin; Everninomicin‐B, ‐C, ‐D, ‐2; Hygromycin B; Destomycin‐A, ‐B, ‐C; die Antibiotika SS‐56‐Cund A‐396‐I; Avilamycin‐Aund ‐C).
Cell Free Expression in Proteinosomes Prepared from Native Protein‐PNIPAAm Conjugates
Authors: Gao Mengfei , Wang Dishi , Wilsch‐Bräuninger Michaela , Leng Weihua , Schulte Jonathan , Morgner Nina , Appelhans Dietmar , Tang T‐Y. Dora
Published: November 2023

Towards the goal of building synthetic cells from the bottom‐up, the establishment of micrometer‐sized compartments that contain and support cell free transcription and translation that couple cellular structure to function is of critical importance. Proteinosomes, formed from crosslinked cationized protein‐polymer conjugates offer a promising solution to membrane‐bound compartmentalization with an open, semi‐permeable membrane. Critically, to date, there has been no demonstration of cell free transcription and translation within water‐in‐water proteinosomes. Herein, a novel approach to generate proteinosomes that can support cell free transcription and translation is presented. This approach generates proteinosomes directly from native protein‐polymer (BSA‐PNIPAAm) conjugates. These native proteinosomes offer an excellent alternative as a synthetic cell chassis to other membrane bound compartments. Significantly, the native proteinosomes are stable under high salt conditions that enables the ability to support cell free transcription and translation and offer enhanced protein expression compared to proteinosomes prepared from traditional methodologies. Furthermore, the integration of native proteinosomes into higher order synthetic cellular architectures with membrane free compartments such as liposomes is demonstrated. The integration of bioinspired architectural elements with the central dogma is an essential building block for realizing minimal synthetic cells and is key for exploiting artificial cells in real‐world applications.
Magnetic Skyrmions Under Confinement
Authors: Monteil Antonin , Muratov Cyrill B. , Simon Theresa M. , Slastikov Valeriy V.
Published: November 2023

We present a variational treatment of confined magnetic skyrmions in a minimal micromagnetic model of ultrathin ferromagnetic films with interfacial Dzylashinksii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in competition with the exchange energy, with a possible addition of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Under Dirichlet boundary conditions that are motivated by the asymptotic treatment of the stray field energy in the thin film limit we prove existence of topologically non-trivial energy minimizers that concentrate on points in the domain as the DMI strength parameter tends to zero. Furthermore, we derive the leading order non-trivial term in the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-expansion of the energy in the limit of vanishing DMI strength that allows us to completely characterize the limiting magnetization profiles and interpret them as particle-like states whose radius and position are determined by minimizing a renormalized energy functional. In particular, we show that in our setting the skyrmions are strongly repelled from the domain boundaries, which imparts them with stability that is highly desirable for applications. We provide explicit calculations of the renormalized energy for a number of basic domain geometries.
Biopsychosocial factors of quality of life in individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a scoping review
Authors: Mamman Rinni , Grewal Jasleen , Garrone Juliana Nicole , Schmidt Julia
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience changes in their quality-of-life (QOL) post-injury. Given the vast literature that exists about QOL after TBI, a scoping review was performed to identify the different biopsychosocial factors that affect a person’s QOL after a moderate to severe TBI.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO. Terms relating to TBI and QOL were used.

Results

There were 7576 articles obtained from the databases, resulting in 535 full-text articles. Ultimately, 52 articles were extracted, which consisted of biopsychosocial QOL factors after TBI. The biopsychosocial factors of QOL after TBI included 19 biological factors (i.e., sex, TBI severity, cognition), 16 psychological factors (i.e., depression, self-efficacy, coping styles), and 19 social factors (i.e., employment, social participation, social support). Factors such as fatigue, self-awareness, transition, and discharge from hospitals are known issues in TBI literature but were minimally reported in studies in this review, identifying them as potential gaps in research.

Conclusion

Identifying biopsychosocial factors relating to QOL after TBI can enable health services to develop targeted rehabilitation programs for individuals with TBI.
Decisions on Non-oncology Breakthrough Therapy Designation Requests in 2017–2019
Authors: Poddar Atasi , Raggio Miranda , Concato John
Published: November 2023

Background

The US Food and Drug Administration’s Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) program is intended to facilitate and expedite development of investigational drugs to address unmet medical needs. The objective of this study is to provide an update on FDA’s process for review of BTD requests.

Methods

We reviewed Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) decisions to grant or deny breakthrough therapy designation requests for non-oncology drugs or biological products (“drugs”) from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2019. Data collection included characteristics of the corresponding drug and condition, reasons for granting or denying breakthrough therapy status, reasons for rescinding or withdrawing breakthrough therapy status after a request was granted (if applicable), and subsequent marketing approval status through 2022.

Results

Among 240 requests, 93 (39%) requests were granted and 147 (61%) requests were denied. Granting of requests was more common for conditions where no therapy was available or for orphan diseases. Common reasons for denial included data-related issues, insufficient treatment effect, inadequate study design, endpoint attributes, safety issues, and reliance on post hoc analyses. Among 28 drugs receiving marketing approval as of the end of 2022 for the indication for which BTD was previously granted, 21 (75%) involved a first-in-class mechanism of action.

Conclusions

This analysis describes CDER’s decision-making process related to review of requests for breakthrough therapy designations and enhances public awareness regarding efforts to expedite drug development.
Deep-learning-based natural-language-processing models to identify cardiovascular disease hospitalisations of patients with diabetes from routine visits’ text
Authors: Guazzo Alessandro , Longato Enrico , Fadini Gian Paolo , Morieri Mario Luca , Sparacino Giovanni , Di Camillo Barbara
Published: November 2023

Writing notes is the most widespread method to report clinical events. Therefore, most of the information about the disease history of a patient remains locked behind free-form text. Natural language processing (NLP) provides a solution to automatically transform free-form text into structured data. In the present work, electronic healthcare records data of patients with diabetes were used to develop deep-learning based NLP models to automatically identify, within free-form text describing routine visits, the occurrence of hospitalisations related to cardiovascular disease (CVDs), an outcome of diabetes. Four possible time windows of increasing level of expected difficulty were considered: infinite, 24 months, 12 months, and 6 months. Model performance was evaluated by means of the area under the precision recall curve, as well as precision, recall, and F1-score after thresholding. Results showed that the proposed NLP approach was successful for both the infinite and 24-month windows, while, as expected, performance deteriorated with shorter time windows. Possible clinical applications of tools based on the proposed NLP approach include the retrospective filling of medical records with respect to a patient’s CVD history for epidemiological and research purposes as well as for clinical decision making.
Quantum-aided secure deep neural network inference on real quantum computers
Authors: Yu Hanqiao , Ren Xuebin , Zhao Cong , Yang Shusen , McCann Julie
Published: November 2023

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are phenomenally successful machine learning methods broadly applied to many different disciplines. However, as complex two-party computations, DNN inference using classical cryptographic methods cannot achieve unconditional security, raising concern on security risks of DNNs’ application to sensitive data in many domains. We overcome such a weakness by introducing a quantum-aided security approach. We build a quantum scheme for unconditionally secure DNN inference based on quantum oblivious transfer with an untrusted third party. Leveraging DNN’s noise tolerance, our approach enables complex DNN inference on comparatively low-fidelity quantum systems with limited quantum capacity. We validated our method using various applications with a five-bit real quantum computer and a quantum simulator. Both theoretical analyses and experimental results demonstrate that our approach manages to operate on existing quantum computers and achieve unconditional security with a negligible accuracy loss. This may open up new possibilities of quantum security methods for deep learning.
Predicting dengue transmission rates by comparing different machine learning models with vector indices and meteorological data
Authors: Ong Song Quan , Isawasan Pradeep , Ngesom Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd , Shahar Hanipah , Lasim As’malia Md , Nair Gomesh
Published: November 2023

Machine learning algorithms (ML) are receiving a lot of attention in the development of predictive models for monitoring dengue transmission rates. Previous work has focused only on specific weather variables and algorithms, and there is still a need for a model that uses more variables and algorithms that have higher performance. In this study, we use vector indices and meteorological data as predictors to develop the ML models. We trained and validated seven ML algorithms, including an ensemble ML method, and compared their performance using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) with the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy and F1 score. Our results show that an ensemble ML such as XG Boost, AdaBoost and Random Forest perform better than the logistics regression, Naïve Bayens, decision tree, and support vector machine (SVM), with XGBoost having the highest AUC, accuracy and F1 score. Analysis of the importance of the variables showed that the container index was the least important. By removing this variable, the ML models improved their performance by at least 6% in AUC and F1 score. Our result provides a framework for future studies on the use of predictive models in the development of an early warning system.
Comparison of clinical outcomes of conjunctivo-mullerectomy for varying degrees of ptosis
Authors: Pornpanich Kanograt , Shanokprasith Sunsri , Jaru-ampornpan Pimkwan , Eiamsamarng Akarawit
Published: November 2023

To compare the success of conjunctivo-mullerectomy in patients with varying degrees of ptosis and identify factors affecting outcomes and complications. The prospective cohort was studied in patients with ptosis undergoing conjunctivo-mullerectomy with or without tarsectomy were enrolled. Ptosis was classified as mild, moderate, and severe per margin-to-reflex distance 1 (MRD1). Postoperative MRD1, complications, and 3-month success rates were evaluated. The study enrolled 258 ptotic eyes of 159 patients. Most eyes (233; 90.3%) achieved surgical success, 14 (5.4%) were overcorrected, and 11 (4.3%) were undercorrected. The success rates for mild, moderate, and severe ptosis were 96.6%, 91.7%, and 83.5%, respectively. The mild and moderate ptosis groups had a nonsignificant difference in success (− 4.9%; 95% CI − 12.0% to 4.5%; P = 0.36). However, the mild and severe ptosis groups’ rates significantly differed (− 13.1%; 95% CI − 23.6% to − 1.9%; P = 0.03). For all 3 ptosis groups, the success rates of individuals undergoing surgery without tarsectomy did not significantly differ. Patients undergoing conjunctivo-mullerectomy with tarsectomy had an increased risk of unsuccessful surgery (OR 3.103; 95% CI 1.205–7.986; P = 0.019). In conclusions, Conjunctivo-mullerectomy is safe and effective for all ptosis severities. The success rate was significantly lower for severe ptosis than mild or moderate ptosis. Levator muscle function was not associated with unsuccessful outcomes, but tarsectomy was.
Highly oxidized albumin is cleared by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells via the receptors stabilin-1 and -2
Authors: Holte Christopher , Szafranska Karolina , Kruse Larissa , Simon-Santamaria Jaione , Li Ruomei , Svistounov Dmitri , McCourt Peter
Published: November 2023

Oxidized albumin (oxHSA) is elevated in several pathological conditions, such as decompensated cirrhosis, acute on chronic liver failure and liver mediated renal failure. Patient derived oxidized albumin was previously shown to be an inflammatory mediator, and in normal serum levels of oxHSA are low. The removal from circulation of oxidized albumins is therefore likely required for maintenance of homeostasis. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are prominent scavenger cells specialized in removal of macromolecular waste. Given that oxidized albumin is mainly cleared by the liver, we hypothesized the LSEC are the site of uptake in the liver. In vivo oxHSA was cleared rapidly by the liver and distributed to mainly the LSEC. In in vitro studies LSEC endocytosed oxHSA much more than other cell populations isolated from the liver. Furthermore, it was shown that the uptake was mediated by the stabilins, by affinity chromatography-mass spectrometry, inhibiting uptake in LSEC with other stabilin ligands and showing uptake in HEK cells overexpressing stabilin-1 or -2. oxHSA also inhibited the uptake of other stabilin ligands, and a 2-h challenge with 100 µg/mL oxHSA reduced LSEC endocytosis by 60% up to 12 h after. Thus the LSEC and their stabilins mediate clearance of highly oxidized albumin, and oxidized albumin can downregulate their endocytic capacity in turn.
Secondary Traumatic Stress and the Child Welfare Professional
Authors: Pryce Josephine G , Shackelford Kimberly K , Pryce David H
Published: November 2023

Becoming a child welfare professional should come with a warning: "beware - this may change you forever and can be dangerous." The change, however, may be good if you can learn to cope with the stress of the work and grow from the experience. Secondary Traumatic Stress and the Child Welfare Professional, a first-of-its kind book, presents the tools to help child welfare practitioners and agency managers identify and provide practical and appropriate interventions. This book is based on the authors' ten-year study of over 600 child welfare practitioners' experience with traumatic stress and child welfare.
Who are Child Welfare Workers, and What is the Cost of Losing Them?
Authors: Pryce Josephine G , Shackelford Kimberly K , Pryce David H
Published: November 2023

The problem in child welfare is that many foster children are suffering from grief and loss not only from being taken away from their parents but also from losing another important person in their lives—their child welfare worker. It is important to look at the rate of child welfare worker turnover to understand how many children and families this affects, and also to look at what effect the loss of a child welfare worker has on the child, the family, the social worker, the agency, and society. We cannot understand the high turnover rate without first looking at who be- comes a child welfare worker and then examining why anyone would continue in the child welfare field. This chapter examines in detail turnover and retention and their effects.
Psychoeducation in Mental Health
Authors: Walsh Joseph
Published: November 2023

Psychoeducation involves educating participants about a significant challenge in living, helping participants develop social and resource supports to manage the challenge, and to develop coping skills, and ultimately, to deal with the challenge. In Psychoeducation in Mental Health, Joseph Walsh offers a clear guide to human services practitioners looking to expand their professional toolkit with psychoeducational methods. In this book, Walsh incorporates the theories and fundamental “curative” factors of all psychoeducational interventions, as well as tips for professionals to effectively educate clients and those they rely on for support. He contends that psychoeducation is about “lifestyle regularity and healthy habits, early detection of warning signs, and treatment adherence.” Here, Walsh focuses on alleviating the suffering of those with mental, emotional, and behavioral problems; people with physical health disadvantages; and people experiencing bereavement. Through his decades of experience in direct services in the field of mental health, the author is able to outline practical theories of psychoeducation for professionals in the fields of psychotherapy, counseling, and case management to help practitioners make a lasting difference in the lives of clients and their families.
An Introduction to Psychoeducation
Authors: Walsh Joseph
Published: November 2023

The term psychoeducation describes a range of individual, family, and group interventions that are focused on educating participants about a significant challenge in living, helping participants develop social and resource supports in managing the challenge, and developing coping skills to deal with the challenge (Griffiths, 2006). Although these three elements characterize all psychoeducational strategies, particular programs may have additional goals, including reducing participants’ sense of stigma, changing participants’ cognitions with regard to an issue, identifying and exploring feelings about the issue, and developing problem-solving skills related to the issue (see exhibit 1.1).
Teaching Skills for Psychoeducation
Authors: Walsh Joseph
Published: November 2023

To be effective psychoeducators, human service professionals must be effective teachers. Herein lies one of the paradoxes of psychoeducation: the teacher may have a depth of knowledge about a relevant topic but be unable to effectively convey that knowledge to others. It appears to be assumed in the psychoeducation literature that having knowledge qualifies one to dispense it, but this assumption is not necessarily true. Any college student will attest that some of his or her worst teachers were the professors, and some of his or her best teachers were the graduate students in training. For this reason it is important to review some essential components of effective teaching. Formal training in psychoeducation seems to be somewhat limited, as few programs offer course work in its foundations, principles, and theories. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce relevant topics related to effective teaching. There are entire textbooks devoted to each of these points, of course, so this review is brief.
Depression
Authors: Walsh Joseph
Published: November 2023

Depression is a commonly experienced short- or long-term mood condition that ranges from mild to incapacitating. It is considered normal when it is relatively short-term and based on reactions to difficult external conditions, but it is a disorder when judged to be caused, at least in part, by biological factors. The focus of this chapter is on those depressions that tend to be long-term and significantly disruptive to one’s social functioning. Like bipolar disorder, depression is classified as a mood disorder (APA, 2000), but it has unique characteristics that account for differences in how it is addressed by professionals. There is clearly a role for psychoeducation in the treatment of depression, as it can be a chronic condition with an irregular course that creates ongoing challenges for those persons who experience it, as well as for their families and friends. Many such programs for adolescents and adults have been developed and will be described in this chapter. The discussion will focus on the two diagnostic categories of major depression and dysthymic disorder.
Characters and Narrators
Authors: Gunn David M , Fewell Danna Nolan
Published: November 2023

‘Literature is written by, for, and about people’, writes literary critic Mieke Bal. ‘That remains a truism, so banal that we often tend to forget it, and so problematic that we as often repress it with the same ease’ (1985: 80 ¶A). If literature in general is written by, for, and about people, certainly no less can be said of biblical literature specifically.
Nebuchadnezzar and the Three Jews: Daniel 3
Authors: Gunn David M , Fewell Danna Nolan
Published: November 2023

While some narrators tell their stories rather matter-of-factly, avoiding repetition, ambiguity, and metaphor, others revel in the wonder of words, the play of patterns and images. In Daniel 3 we find such a playful story-teller. Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold. Its height was sixty cubits; its width six cubits. He erected it in the plain of Dura in the province of Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar the king summoned for assembly the satraps, the prefects and the governors, the counsellors, the treasurers, the judges, the officials and all the authorities of the province to come to the dedication of the image which Nebuchadnezzar the king had erected. Then the satraps, the prefects and the governors, the counsellors, the treasurers, the judges, the officials and all the authorities of the province assembled themselves for the dedication of the image which Nebuchadnezzar the king had erected. They stood before the image that Nebuchadnezzar had erected and the herald called loudly to them, saying, ‘Peoples, nations, and languages! When you hear the sound of the horn, the pipe, the lyre, the trigon, the harps, the bagpipes, and every kind of music, you will fall down and pay homage to the gold image that Nebuchadnezzar the king has erected.
Perceived progress in aging: the results of a Delphi survey of international experts
Authors: Kane Robert. L
Published: November 2023

As part of the preparation of the report for the WHO Expert Committee on Aging, a survey of experts in different countries was undertaken to ascertain perceptions of the most significant advances in biology. care of the elderly. and social policies toward the elderly since the first Expert Committee report in 1974. A modified Delphi technique was employed.
Assessment of health and functional status: an international comparison
Authors: Fillenbaum Gerda G
Published: November 2023

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Accordingly it is clear that assessment of health should not be limited to an evaluation of physical and mental state, and the consequences of these as manifested in the performance of activities of daily living, but should also take into account social and economic conditions, and the general environmental situation.
Hearing disorders of aging: identification and management
Authors: Noffsinger Douglas , Martin James P , Head Lewis Sheralyn
Published: November 2023

The problems in defining and describing the effects of aging on hearing arc many because inevitably mixed with the effects due solely to the passage of time in a person’s life are those effects that are inextricably interwoven with the passage of time but are not truly aging effects. Hawkins has discussed this issue clearly. Among contriblltors to hearing loss in older people are the various causes of noise to which people voluntarily or involuntarily subject themselves and the medication and drugs with which people are healed of disease and/or poison themselves. If to this list are added the possible complications posed by heredity, disease, diet, race, environmental complexity, and pollutants, then the difficulties in defining the effects of aging per se on hearing and the hearing system become apparent.
The effectiveness of intervention for the mental health of the elderly
Authors: Guland Barry J , Mayeux Richard , Meyers Barnett S
Published: November 2023

The effectiveness of an intervention is strictly speaking to be judged by the gains it brings over the natural outcome of a condition. However, this perspective alone does not indicate the desirability of treatment; that depends also on how bad the outcome is likely to be without intervention, the risks and discomforts of treatment, and the optimum outcome that can be achieved if the benefits of nature and intervention are summated. Therefore, we will not limit this discussion to effectiveness in the strict sense.
The efficacy of geriatric assessment programmes
Authors: Rubenstein Laurence Z
Published: November 2023

Geriatric assessment can he defined as a multidimensional—usually interdisciplinary—diagnostic process designed to quantify an elderly individual’s medical, psychosocial, and functional capabilities and problems with the intention of arriving at a comprehensive plan for therapy and long-term follow-up. Assessment has assumed a pivotal role in geriatric care because of the complexity of the frail elderly patient, the vast number of unmet needs facing the rapidly growing older population, and the fact that assessment has been increasingly associated with improvements in care outcomes. This chapter will provide an overview of geriatric assessment and a summary of its proved and probable benefits.
The role of geriatric medicine
Authors: Barker R A
Published: November 2023

The British Geriatrics Society has defined Geriatrics as ‘that branch of general medicine concerned with the clinical, preventive, remedial and social aspects of illness in the elderly’. There have been a number of modifications of this definition and some would disagree that geriatrics should be a specialty. Whatever one’s view, this remains the most generally useful definition as it covers the various aspects of activity which are required in providing services and facilities for the elderly.
Hospice care for the elderly
Authors: Greer Davids.
Published: November 2023

As countries develop, the terminal phase of life is delayed and prolonged; people die older and from chronic rather than acute illnesses. Coincidentally health care systems become more sophisticated, technological, and intensive. The natural tendency is to apply the increasingly sophisticated technology to the terminal period in an attempt to prolong life. Unfortunately that effort is often fruitless, painful, and expensive.
Technology development and use for elderly people
Authors: Maslow Katie
Published: November 2023

Technology for older people encompasses an enormous range of devices, procedures, and systems for biomedical research, health and long-term care, housing, employment, information, communication, transportation, and environmental design. In this century, technological advances in public hygiene, sanitation, treatment of infectious diseases, and general health care have led to increased life expectancy and rapid growth in the size of the older population, and these trends will continue for the foreseeable future. Technology has the further potential to maintain the functional ability of elderly people and enhance the quality of their lives. Yet many factors combine to limit the development and appropriate use of technology by and for elderly people.
Contribution of social security to the well-being of the elderly
Authors: Jliovici J
Published: November 2023

Social security plays an essential role in the maintenance of income during old age and more generally contributes in a large number of ways towards improving the conditions of health and life for the elderly.
Occupational hygiene
Authors: Saarinen L , Foo S C
Published: November 2023

Occupational hygiene is concerned with identifying, evaluating, and controlling physical, chemical, and biological hazards in the workplace. It deals with toxicology, industrial processes, environmental sampling methods and strategies, and engineering techniques to control harmful agents. The primary goal of occupational hygiene is the elimination of occupational diseases; but more often prevention is also emphasized, including any deviation from normal healthy working conditions. It has been customary to separate occupational hygiene from occupational safety; but the trend now is to extend the training for hygienists to include some expertise on safety, in order to increase the scope and efficiency of occupational hygiene surveys.
Occupational epidemiology in developing countries
Authors: Andersson N R , Schilling R S F
Published: November 2023

There are important differences in occupational health practice between rich and developing countries that affect the scope and potential of occupational epidemiology. Most obvious is the availability of resources, in terms of capabilities, cash, and background data on hazards. But there are also qualitative differences. In most developed Western countries, provision of health care at work is separate from other health services, mainly for historical reasons. Before the Second World War, occupational health services included preemployment examination, first-aid treatment, and the control of industrial injury and disease; but they were restricted to large organizations which had obvious work-related health risks.
Heat
Authors: Khogali M
Published: November 2023

As homoiotherms, human beings adapt to live in a wide range of temperatures. There is more evidence now that man developed in a tropical climate: he possesses a well developed sweat mechanism, and his skin is practically devoid of insulative hair. Living in a hot (tropical) climate affects man’s social, physical, and mental well-being, as well as his work and productivity. This chapter discusses the interaction of heat and work in developing countries, namely, the heat-load and heat exchange, man’s response to heat stress, and his ability to acclimatize and protect himself. This chapter discusses the interaction of heat and work in developing countries, namely, the heat-load and heat exchange, man’s response to heat stress, and his ability to acclimatize and protect himself.
Occupational lung diseases—mineral dusts
Authors: Ng T P
Published: November 2023

A wide range of environmental agents in the workplace cause occupational lung diseases, in a variety of ways which overlap with one another. Gases and vapours such as chlorine, ozone, nitrogen oxide, and phosgene are lung irritants, and cause an acute pneumonitis, which may be resolved by prompt treatment but may also result in long-term sequelae of chronic fibrotic lung-disease. Some occupational lung-diseases are manifestly caused by infectious microorganisms; examples are tuberculosis and anthrax. However, secondary viral and bacterial infection may often follow an acute or chronic irritant reaction to gases, vapours, and dust, and plays an important secondary role in the development of diseases such as silicosis and occupational bronchitis. Fibrosis may be a sequela of an acute irritant and/or infective process, or result from cytotoxic and immunological processes which feature prominently in the pathogenesis of the mineral pneumoconioses.
Environmental standards at the workplace
Authors: Phoon W H , Tan K T
Published: November 2023

Harmful factors or toxic agents present in the work environment can cause ill effects on the health of the workers who are exposed to them. Some types of ill effects are acute, manifesting after a short period of time. But other types of ill health or diseases may take years to develop to a clinical stage. In the mean while there is a ‘silent’ or symptomless latent period. It is obviously important to eliminate all health hazards where possible; if not, then at least to minimize or control them. In dealing with an occupational health hazard, three steps or stages may be considered:
Borreliosis (Relapsing Fever)
Authors: Dennis D T
Published: November 2023

Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is caused by infection with Borrelia recurrentis. Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is caused by one of many Borrelia designated by the species of soft-shelled Ornithodoros ticks responsible for transmission in the locale of exposure. LBRF, previously distributed widely throughout Asia, Africa, and the Americas, has in recent decades been reported only from countries on the horn of Africa: Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Sudan. TBRF occurs sporadically and in small clusters throughout rural Africa, Asia, and the Americas, including the western United States. No good estimates of frequency of occurrence are available for either disease.
Brucellosis
Authors: Plmnmet Michel , Diaz, Ramon , Verger Jean-Michel
Published: November 2023

Brucellosis is transmitted to man from sheep and goats (Brucella melitensis), cattle {Brucella abortus), and pigs {Brucella suis), through direct or indirect contact with infected animals. A primary reticuloendothelial system (RES) infection with bacteraemia and fluctuating fever, brucellosis may affect various organs and tissues, resulting in granulomatous lesions. Possible complications include osteo-articular, cardiac, and neurological sequelae.
Diseases Caused By Corynebacteria And Related Organisms
Authors: Thomas Daniel
Published: November 2023

Corynebacterial disease is caused by species of bacteria phylogentically related to, but not including, the agent of human diphtheria, Coiynebactenum diphtheriae. Although first recognized as early as the late nineteenth century, there is still much confusion surrounding the classification and clinical significance of these bacteria. Recent reclassification of species formerly belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, means that for the purposes of this chapter the term ‘corynebacterial disease’ will be used to include not only animal and human disease caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, but also zoonoses caused by species formerly classified in the genus Corynebacterium, now in the genera Actinomyces and Rhodococcus; a grouping made largely by historical rather than phylogenetic consideration.
Glanders And Melioidosis
Authors: Blue Sky R , Pombo, David]. , Woods Marion L
Published: November 2023

Glanders is a zoonotic disease which typically affects members of the soliped family (horses, asses, mules) but may also occasionally affect other animals such as camels and cats. Glanders is caused by Burkholderia mallei, which is Gram-negative with a bipolar staining pattern, and non-motile. The organism is probably a facultative intracellular parasite. Burkholderia mallei has not been identified in nature outside the animal host although the organism can survive in water for up to 4 weeks. Infection is usually acquired through contact with infected animals. Carnivores can be infected from eating glandered flesh.