bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Öfke Atakları ile Depresyon Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Çepelioğullar Nilgün
Published: December 2018

Öfke ve depresyon uzun yıllardır psikologların, özellikle de
klinik alanda çalışan araştırmacıların ilgi odağı olmuş iki konu başlığıdır. Bu
iki olgu arasındaki az çalışılmış bir konu olmasına rağmen, farklı yaklaşımlar
tarafından değişik şekillerde yorumlanmıştır. Psikanalist yaklaşım, evrimsel
yaklaşım ve bilişsel yaklaşım bu konuya açıklama getirmeye çalışan
yaklaşımlardan bazılarıdır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda ise, öfke konusu
“öfke nöbetleri” gibi belirli bir alana indirgenerek depresyon ile ilişkisi
araştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. İki olgunun arasında bir ilişki olduğu mutlak
olmakla birlikte, bu ilişkinin yönü henüz netlik kazanmamıştır. İlk çalışmalar
daha çok unipolar depresyon ile öfke nöbetleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelerken,
son yıllarda bipolar depresyon gibi farklı türde depresyon hastaları ile
çalışmaların arttığı görülmektedir. Öfke nöbetlerinin, depresyonu açıklayan bir
değişken olduğu; depresyon hastalarının ve yakın çevrelerinin hayatlarını
olumsuz yönde etkilediği ve depresyonun belirleyici bir semptomu olabileceği
savunulmuştur. Beck Depresyon Envanteri puanları öfke nöbetlerinin en güçlü
yordayıcısı olarak bulunmuştur. Öfke nöbetlerinin, depresif psikopatolojinin
önemli bir özelliği olarak görülmesi gerektiği bulgulardan çıkarılan sonuçlar
arasındadır. Bu çalışmada, önce öfke depresyon arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamaya
çalışan yaklaşımlardan örnekler verilmiş ve öfke nöbetleri ve depresyon
ilişkisi ile ilgili literatür özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Depresyon ve öfke
arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılır hale gelmesinin, tedavi yaklaşımları açısından
faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Depresyon öfke nöbetlerinin yordayıcısı olarak
ele alınmalı mıdır yoksa öfke nöbetleri depresyonun sonucu olarak mı ortaya
çıkmaktadır gibi sorulara verilecek cevaplar ile bu ilişkinin yönü açıklığa
kavuşacaktır.
Tinnitus ile Depresyon Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Bal Fatih
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı tinnitus ile depresyon arasındaki ilişkiyi
incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi rastgele seçilmiş 18-60 yaş arası İstanbul
ilinde bulunan kamu hastanelerine başvuran tinnitus tanısı alan bireylerden
oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların depresyon düzeyi, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği ile tinnistus
düzeyi ise Tinnitus Derecelendirme indeksi ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen
bulgular Ki-Kare, Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Katsayısı Analizi, Tek
Yönlü Varyans Analizi (One Way Anova) doğrultusunda analiz edilip, anlamlı
düzeyde farklılık olup olmadığı sınanarak bulgular sıralanmıştır. Araştırma da
elde edilen sonuçlara göre; tinnitus ile depresyon arasında olumlu yönde orta düzeyde
bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılan t- testi sonucuna göre depresyonu olan
tinnituslu bireylerde tinnitus oranı daha yüksektir. Yapılan Tek Faktörlü
Varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların demokrafik özelliklerine göre
tinnitus değişkenine ilişkin anlamlı fark görülmemiştir.
ESTUDO DO COMPROMETIMENTO ORGANIZACIONAL NA PENITENCIÁRIA ESTADUAL DE FRANCISCO BELTRÃO/PR
Authors: Rocha Adilson Carlos da , Ceretta Gilberto Francisco , Santos Vera Fagundes dos
Published: December 2018

O estudo realizado na Penitenciária Estadual de Francisco Beltrão/PR tem o objetivo de diagnosticar o grau de comprometimento organizacional dos servidores que atuam na unidade. O seu foco são os vínculos entre os indivíduos e a instituição, com ênfase nos aspectos afetivo, instrumental e normativo. A pesquisa é de natureza aplicada, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, objetivos descritivo-exploratórios e procedimentos bibliográficos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de instrumento constituído pelas escalas psicométricas de cada dimensão do comprometimento, o qual foi aplicado a uma amostra formada por agentes penitenciários e demais profissionais (agentes profissionais, técnicos de execução e agentes de apoio). Os resultados obtidos, tanto para os agentes penitenciários como para os demais servidores, evidenciam insuficientes graus de comprometimento nas três dimensões pesquisadas. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo sejam úteis para a definição de medidas e ações indutoras do comprometimento organizacional e para a realização de novas pesquisas afins.
Кістково-міопластична ампутація та реампутація гомілки
Authors: Shevchuk V. I. , Bezsmertnyi Yu. O. , Bezsmertna H. V.
Published: December 2018

Проведено аналіз 340 ампутації і реампутації гомілки. У 206 хворих (дослідна група) здійснювали кістково-м'язову пластику із закриттям кістковомозкового каналу тонкою кортикальною пластинкою, формуванням синостозу між усіченими кістками і м'язовою пластикою з фіксацією м'язів до кістки і трансплантата. В контрольній групі проводили традиційну міопластику із зшиванням м'язів-антагоністів під опилом кістки (134 хворих). Термін спостереження – 2–10 років. Методи дослідження: клінічний, рентгенологічний, СКТ, УЗД, тонусометрія, тензометрія, вимірювання внутрішньокісткового тиску, морфологічний. Закриття кістковомозкової порожнини приводило до відновлення внутрішньокісткового тиску, швидкого (1–2 міс) формування кісткової замикальної пластинки, збереження форми і структури кісткової кукси. Синостозування кісток дозволяло запобігти балотуванню малогомілкової кістки. Фіксація м'язів до кістки забезпечувала добре закриття опилів і формування витривалої м'язової кукси. Кукси після кістково-міопластичної ампутації витривалі, функціональні, безболісні і довговічні. У жодному випадку не було проведено реампутації. У контрольній групі формування кісткової замикальної пластинки в більшості спостережень порушувалось, відбувалась резорбція кортикального шару кістки, значно більшою була атрофія м'язів, виникав больовий синдром різної інтенсивності. У ряді випадків необхідна була реампутація або реконструктивна операція.
Оценка содержания остаточных количеств глифосата как критерий безопасности для здоровья человека применения десикантов на его основе
Authors: Ivanova L. P.
Published: December 2018

Изучали динамику содержания глифосата и основного метаболита глифосата аминометилфосфоновой кислоты (АМФК)  в главных агроклиматических зонах Украины во время полевых испытаний глифосатсодержащих десикантов в период с 1997 по 2015 г. Остаточные количества глифосата в исследуемых пробах определяли с помощью химико-аналитического метода высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о достаточно быстром снижении уровня глифосата в пшенице и ячмене. Рассчитан период полураспада действующего вещества в изучаемых сельскохозяйственных культурах. Выявлено, что в период сбора урожая содержание остаточных количеств глифосата в зерне пшеницы и ячменя не превышало утверждённого в Украине максимально допустимого уровеня для зерна хлебных злаков. Проведённая токсиколого-гигиеническая оценка свойств действующего вещества ‒ глифосата, а также полученные результаты долговременных исследований по определению его содержания в пшенице и ячмене позволили определить риск для здоровья человека применения глифосата для десикации зерновых злаковых культур по критерию оценки содержания остаточного количества.
Гемодинамічні механізми розвитку коронарної недостатності при звивистості вінцевого русла
Authors: Lebedieva Y. , Lazoryshynets V. , Grusha M. , Brianskyi M.
Published: December 2018

Розглянуто потенційні механізми розвитку коронарної недостатності у хворих із звивистими коронарними артеріями (КА) у разі відсутності гемодинамічно значущого атеросклеротичного ураження їх судинної стінки. Зокрема, вивчали роль зміни опору, зумовленого збільшенням довжини, кількістю та кутами вигинів вінцевих судин в розвитку клінічних проявів ішемії міокарда у пацієнтів з такою конфігураційною аномалією КА. Наведено результати клінічного дослідження та стрес-тестів (стрес-векторехо-, стрес-векторкардіографії, велоергометрії) щодо прихованої ішемії міокарда у хворих з атеросклеротично не зміненими звивистими КА. Показано, що у разі відсутності атеросклеротичного ураження коронарного русла ішемія міокарда може бути зумовлена збільшенням гемодинамічного опору звивистих КА. Збільшення гемодинамічного опору, насамперед, пов’язано з підвищенням опору по довжині вінцевих артерій та появою суми опорів відводів, створених вигинами звивистих судин. Обґрунтовано причину зменшення провідної ролі конфігурації КА як фактора порушення коронарної гемодинаміки при розвитку гемодинамічно значущого атеросклеротичного ураження їх судинної стінки. Наведені дані свідчать на про існування потенційної загрози розвитку ішемічного пошкодження міокарда у хворих із звивистими КА, переважно зумовленого зменшенням відносного обсягу кровопостачання або/та функціонального резерву коронарного русла.
ANALYSIS OF THE CORE GLOW INTENSITY AND TEST RESULTSOF PRODUCTIVE ZEOLITE-CONTAINING ROCKS OF SORTYM FORMATION
Authors: Gilmanova N. V. , Livaev R. Z. , Bazhenova E. S.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the results of studied structure features of reservoirs in productive zeolite-containing rocks. We have established that the content of pelite fraction and carbonate content have impact on the deterioration of reservoir properties, and the development of zeolitization is characteristic for zones of improved reservoir properties.It is shown that the presence of the core glow in the ultraviolet light for zeolite-containing rocks doesn’t guarantee the receipt of the product during testing and will depend on the thickness ratio with different intensity of luminescence. The change in wettability of the rock in the reservoir conditions, an increase in the share of residual oil, and the presence of oil in the dead-end pores are the most likely explanation for the described situation. If the core luminescence is «weak», the product from the reservoir can only be obtained by applying special impact methods.
RESULTS OF WORK BY THE METHOD OF REFLECTED WAVES IN AN ELECTRICALLY PERTURBED SURROUNDINGS
Authors: Dmitriev A. N.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the actual topic of improving the direct search for hydrocarbon deposits by the method of reflected waves. A method for detecting hydrocarbon deposits by the method of reflected waves in the superimposed electric field is developed. The anomalous effect of the deposit is detected by the parameter P . This parameter is the ratio of the normalized energy of the seismic signal after the excitation of the medium by an electric field to the normalized energy of the seismic signal before excitation by this field in different time windows. Field verification seismic works on the known oil deposit have been performed. The interpretation of the proposed method gave positive results. The deposit is confidently allocated in a seismic field on depth and laterals due to preliminary influence by an electric field on a geological section with a deposit.
Performans Arttırma Tutum Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: YILDIZ Rabia , TOROS Turhan
Published: December 2018

Performans Arttırma
Tutum Ölçeği (PAT-Ö)  ilk 97 madde 4 lü
likert tipi olup son olarak Petroczi (2002)’nin çalışmasıyla 17 maddeye 6 lı
likert tipi şeklinde oluşturulmuş ve literatüre kazandırılmış bir ölçektir.
Ülkemizde yaşayan bireylerin, performans arttırma tutumlarını görmek açısından
kullanılabilecek bir ölçeği, Türk literatürüne kazandırmak oldukça yararlı
sonuçlar taşıyacaktır. Bu bilgiler ışığında araştırmanın amacı; uluslararası
düzeyde kabul gören performans arttırma tutum ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne
uyarlanmasıdır. Ölçek uyarlama çalışması için araştırmaya 114 erkek (yaş=21,52±3,11)  ve 214 kadın (yaş=21,95±2,65) olmak üzere toplam 328 lisanslı
sporcu katılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ölçek maddelerini belirlemek amacıyla
açıklayıcı faktör analizi, model ile veri arasındaki uyumu test etmek amacıyla
ise doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Güvenirlik için Cronbach Alpha
güvenirlik testi, madde korelasyon testi için Pearson Momentler Çarpımı
Korelasyon Testi ve test-tekrar test değerlerine bakılmıştır. Ölçeğin
orijinalinde olduğu gibi tek alt faktörde toplandığı görülmüştür. Çalışmamızda
Performans Arttırma Tutum Ölçeği’nin iç tutarlılık katsayısı .87 olarak, faktör
yüklerinin .40 ile .65 arası değer aldığı, test-tekrar test korelasyonun ise
.76 olduğu saptanmıştır.
TURİSTLERİN GIDA KARAR SÜRECİNDE ETKİLİ OLAN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: DİKEN Büşra , GİRGİN Göksel Kemal
Published: December 2018

Gıda tüketimi, günümüzde turizmin vazgeçilmez bir

parçası ve turizm hareketlerinde de önemli bir motivasyon kaynağıdır. Diğer bir

açıdan ise gıda kavramı destinasyonların pazarlanması ve tanıtılmasında son

derece önemli bir unsurdur. Bir destinasyonda gıda kültürünün gelişim

göstermesi ve farklı talep unsurları tarafından destinasyonun gıda kültürünün

bilinirliğinin artması bölge turizmi için son derece önem taşımaktadır. Bu

bağlamda bir destinasyonu ziyaret eden bireylerin gıda tüketim davranışlarının

incelenmesi son derece önemlidir. Turistlerin gıda karar sürecinde etkili olan

faktörleri belirlemek amacına yönelik yapılan bu araştırmada ilk olarak gıda

karar sürecine ilişkin alanyazın taraması yapılarak kuramsal bilgilere

ulaşılmıştır. Bunun neticesinde de birincil verilerin toplanma aşamasına

geçilmiş ve veri toplama aracı olan anket tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır.

Araştırmanın anket formu 2 bölümden ve toplamda 65 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Anket

formunun birinci bölümü katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve seyahat

davranışlarına ilişkin 12 sorudan oluşurken anketin ikinci bölümünde ise

turistlerin gıda karar sürecinde etkili olan faktörleri belirlemeye yönelik Mak

vd., (2012)’nin çalışmasına dayanarak Martinez (2015) tarafından geliştirilen

turistlerin gıda kararında etkili olan ifadeleri içeren 5 boyut (Kültürel ve

Dini Faktörler; Sosyo-Demografik Faktörler; Motivasyon Faktörleri; Kişisel

Tercihler ve Geçmiş Deneyimler) 53 ifade yer almaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda

ise; turistlerin gıda karar sürecinde etkili olan faktörlerin ilk ve en çok

olarak “Duyusal Çekicilik” faktörü, ikinci olarak “Kültürel ve Otantik Deneyim”

faktörü daha sonra “Geçmiş Deneyim” dördüncü olarak “Kişisel Tercih” faktörü

beşinci olarak “Yerel Gıda ve Özgünlük” faktörü altıncı olarak “Aşinalık ve

Gıdaya İlişkin Tecrübe” faktörü, son ve en az olarak da “Hatıra ve Öğrenme

İsteği” faktörünün etkili olduğunu söylemek mümkündür
Dehydration, Rehydration, and Hyponatremia: Cause for Alarm?
Authors: Lamarine Roland
Published: December 2018

Current health culture suggests that sedentary individuals should be consuming at least eight, eight ounce
glasses of water each day. This injunction further stipulates that the water requirement cannot be
adequately met by consumption of sweetened, caffeinated, or alcohol containing fluids. An additional
concern is that thirst may not serve as an adequate early indicator of hydration needs. These propositions
are reviewed in light of current research findings and suggestions are submitted for appropriate
emendation of these rules.
Chlorophyll a Concentration from Phytoplankton in Ketawai, Bangka Tengah, Bangka Belitung
Authors: Utami Eva
Published: December 2018

Fitoplankton mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting sebagai produsen di laut dan menggunakan klorofil untuk memerangkap energy cahaya yang dibutuhkan dalam proses fotosintesis.  Proses ini berguna untuk memanen energy cahaya yang bersama air dan karbondioksida untuk menghasilkan oksigen dan karbohidrat, dengan kata lain proses ini untuk mengubah energy matahari menjadi energy kimia.  Peran klorofil sangat penting untuk proses tersebut.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis konsentrasi klorofil a fitoplankton dan mengetahui factor fisika-kimia perairan.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Pulau Ketawai, Bangka tengah pada bulan Maret 2017.  Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa nilai konsentrasi klorofil pada masing-masing stasiun pengambilan sampel berbeda.  Parameter lingkungan yang terukur masih dalam batas ideal untuk pertumbuhan fitoplankton.

 

Phytoplankton has important role as a primary producer in oceans and use chlorophyll to trap light needed for photosynthesis (Matthews & Holde, 1996).  This process which uses to harvested light energy together with water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and carbohydrates; as such, it converts solar energy into chemical energy.  Chlorophyll is vital for photosynthesis as well, which help phytoplankton get energy from light.  The aim of this study is to analyze chlorophyll a concentration and physicochemical water parameters.  The research had been done on March 2017 in Ketawai Island, Bangka Tengah, Bangka Belitung.  Result showed that value of chlorophyll a concentrations were different each site research which are Eastern coastal waters, Sothern coastal waters, Western coastal waters and Northern coastal waters were 4.128 mg/L, 0.19 mg/L, 0.15 mg/L, and 0.824 mg/L, respectively.  The characteristic of water quality measured were found to be within the ideal range for phytoplankton.
Pemberdayaan Kelompok Remaja Berbasis Kultural Sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Dan Pencegahan Kenakalan Remaja Dan Narkoba Di Desa Penagan Kecamatan Mendo Barat
Authors: Sujadmi Sujadmi , Saputra Putra Pratama
Published: December 2018

Remaja dan kenakalan renmaja khususnya narkoba senantiasa menjadi persoalan yang menarik perhatian dan utuh perhatian serius dari berbagai pihak. Generasi muda merupakan generasi penerus dan pelurus bangsa di kemudian hari. Mewujudkan generasi yang aktif, kreatif dan inovatis sudah tentu menjadi tugas bersama oleh berbagai kalangan. Program ini mencoba untuk mengupayakan penanggulangan dan pencegahan kenakalan remaja dan narkoba pada kelompok remaja di Desa Penagan Kecamatan Mendo Barat. Perspektif yang digunakan untuk melaksanakan program ini adalah perspektif pembangunan yang berpusat pada manusia/masyarakat yakni pemberdayaan masyarakat. Konsep pemberdayaan masyarakat yang selama ini digadang-gadang sebagai upaya melakukan perubahan sosial yang efektif akan digunakan dalam pelaksanakan program ini. Metode pemberdayaan yang digunakan mengacu pada strategi pemberdayaan yang mencakup tiga hal. Pertama yaitu perencanaan, kedua aksi sosial dan yang ketiga peningkatan kesadaran dan pendidikan. Ketiga strategi ini akan dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahapan dalam proses pemberdayaan. Pertama, menghadirkan kembali pengalaman yang memberdayakan dan tidak memberdayakan. Kedua,mendiskusikan alasan mengapa terjadi pemberdayaan dan penindakberdayaan. Ketiga, mengidentifikasikan suatu masalah atau poyek. Keempat, mengidentifikasi basis daya yang bermakna untuk melakukan perubahan dan kelima, mengembangkan rencana-rencana aksi dan mengimplementasikannya. Strategi pemberdayaan tersebut akan direalisasikan ke dalam empat kegiatan yang berbasiskan kultur masyarakat. Keempat kegiatan yang dimaksud adalah pesantren kilat, nganggung bersama, perkemahan sehari semalam, dan pekan olahraga dan seni. Keempat kegiatan ini akan menyasar para remaja yang ada di lokasi program. Hasil akhir dari program ini menyasar pada terbentuknya Kelompok Remaja/Pemuda Aktif Penagan. Kelompok ini diharapkan dapat meneruskan upaya memberdayakan masyarakat setempat dalam upaya menanggulangi dan mencegah kenakalan remaja dengan menciptakan remaja yang aktif, kreatif dan inovatif.
HAK ATAS INFORMASI PUBLIK DAN HAK ATAS RAHASIA MEDIS: PROBLEM HAK ASASI MANUSIA DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Heriani Istiana
Published: December 2018

Dalam era keterbukaan informasi publik, semua informasi menjadi hak bagi publik untuk mengetahuinya, salah satunya adalah informasi kesehatan. Pemerintah menyelenggarakan dan mengatur sistem informasi publik, termasuk sistem informasi kesehatan. Pengembangan sistem informasi kesehatan di antaranya dilakukan melalui sistem pelaporan, pendataan dan pemetaan kasus-kasus kesehatan, termasuk kejadian penyakit. Melalui sistem informasi kesehatan tersebut, pemerintah memberikan kemudahan bagi masyarakat untuk memperoleh hak akses terhadap pelayanan kesehatan dalam upaya meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Hak atas informasi kesehatan merupakan hak dasar sosial yakni the rights to health care yang bersumber dari hak asasi manusia. Sementara itu, dalam pelayanan kesehatan dikenal adanya hak atas rahasia medis (medical secrecy). Hak ini merupakan hak dasar individual yang bersumber dari hak asasi manusia, yakni the rights of self determinaon.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP GAGASAN LEGALISASI GANJA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Aldino Hanri
Published: December 2018

Ganja merupakan tamanan yang ilegal di Indonesia saat ini. Indonesia bahkan mengeluarkan Undang-Undang Narkotika No. 35 Tahun 2009 tentang larangan proses produksi, distribusi sampai tahap konsumsi dari tanaman ganja. Namun terdapat fenomena yang sangat menarik ditandai dengan kehadiran sebuah gerakan yang mendukung legalisasi ganja di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjelaskan sikap seseorang terhadap gagasan legalisasi ganja di Indonesia serta faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pembentukan sikap tersebut. Lingkup penelitian dibatasi pada mahasiswa, menggunakan paradigma post-positivis dengan uji statistik non parametrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa ternyata bersikap netral terhadap gagasan legalisasi ganja di Indonesia, dengan penjelasan setuju kepada pemanfaatan ganja untuk industri dan medis, namun tidak setuju untuk rekreasional. Dan sikap tersebut dipengaruhi oleh empat faktor, yakni gender, self experience, significant others, dan media.
The welsh Welsh - Y Cymry cymreig: A study of cultural exclusion among ruraldwelling older people using a critical human ecological framework
Authors: Winter Bethan , Burholt Vanessa
Published: December 2018

Research on cultural exclusion has not kept apace with transformations to rural populations, economy, family structures and community relationships. Cultural exclusion refers to the extent to which people are able or willing to conform to cultural norms and values. We theorise cultural exclusion using the critical human ecological framework and social comparison theory, taking into account period effects, area effects and cohort and/or lifecourse effects. Qualitative case studies in three rural areas of South Wales (United Kingdom) synthesise data from life-history interviews, life-history calendars, documentary sources and focus groups (n = 56). Our findings suggest that cultural exclusion is an issue for rural-dwelling older people, which they describe by temporal self-comparison and group comparisons. The critical human ecological framework provides new insight into the drivers (industrial decline, policy and population change, a shift from collectivism to individualism), and outcomes (sense of belonging, community cohesion) of cultural exclusion experienced by rural-dwelling older people.
Étude de quelques composés spinelles nouveaux possédant un ordre des cations du type 1/1 sur les sites tétraédriques
Authors: Joubert Jean-Claude , Durif-Varambon André
Published: December 2018

Les oxydes mixtes Cr₄GaLiO₈, Rh₄GaLiO₈, Cr₄InLiO₈, Rh₄InLiO₈, sont du type spinelle avec un ordre 1/1 des cations sur les sites tétraédriques. La maille est cubique à faces centrées, le groupe d'espace F 43m(T²d). La répartition des cations tétracoordinés In³⁺ (ou Ga³⁺) et Li+ est identique à celle de Zn et S dans la maille cubique à faces centrées de la blende ZnS.
La résonance paramagnétique électronique de l'ion VO2+ dans le sphène et l'apophyllite et de l'ion Mn2+ dans la trémolite, l'apophyllite et la scheelite
Authors: Marfunin Arnol'd-Sergeevic , Bershov L. V. , Mineeva Rimma M.
Published: December 2018

La résonance paramagnétique électronique a permis de reconnaître la présence de V⁴⁺ dans des échantillons naturels de sphène et d'apophyllite et de préciser qu'en fait le vanadium était sous forme d'ion [VO]²⁺. Les sites occupés par le vanadium ont également pu être déterminés.

Le manganèse, sous forme d'ion Mn²⁺, a été observé dans l'apophyllite où il occupe des sites déterminés. Dans la trémolite, Mn²⁺ ne joue pas le même rôle que dans le diopside. Enfin, dans la scheelite, le manganèse existe sous deux formes : Mn²⁺ et [MnF₄]²⁻ occupant des sites distincts.
Étude par diffraction des rayons X de la cinétique de démixtion et de remixtion dans le système NaCl˗KCl
Authors: Chanh Nguyen Ba
Published: December 2018

La cinétique de la démixtion en phase solide de plusieurs solutions solides binaires dans le système NaCl˗KCl, dans l'intervalle de température 160° C˗245° C, montre que la démixtion peut être assimilée à une réaction d'ordre un : c'est une cinétique de germination « au hasard », sans croissance des germes. La cinétique de la remixtion à partir de plusieurs mélanges de composition différente, dans l'intervalle 330° C˗460° C, montre que la remixtion procède par contamination progressive des grains les uns par les autres. Les énergies d'activation de démixtion et de remixtion ont pu être déterminées. Dans les deux cas, elles dépendent de la composition globale du mélange.
Nodules de péridotite et cumulats d'olivine
Authors: Babkine Jean , Conquéré Fernand , Vilminot J.-C.
Published: December 2018

Les auteurs distinguent, parmi les enclaves ultrabasiques des basaltes, nodules de péridotite et cumulats d'olivine. Les premiers sont généralement considérés comme issus du manteau supérieur, les seconds proviennent de l'agglomération des minéraux de la phase de cristallisation précoce dans les magmas basaltiques.

Les enclaves de dunite des basaltes tholeiitiques de la Réunion, qui sont prises ici comme type de cumulats d'olivine, diffèrent des nodules par un certain nombre de caractères minéralogiques et chimiques, notamment par la présence dans les olivines qui les composent, d'inclusions de spinelle chromifère automorphe et par l'existence dans certains échantillons d'un reliquat magmatique de composition basaltique. Les mêmes caractères ont été observés dans les enclaves de péridotite des laves tholeiitiques d'Hawaii.

On peut penser que les enclaves de péridotite décrites dans les tholeiites sont en réalité des cumulats ; seuls les basaltes alcalins contiendraient de véritables nodules.
Parcours coordonné et crèche d’insertion. Deux dispositifs transversaux d’insertion des mères de familles monoparentales précaires
Authors: Bucolo Elisabetta , Eydoux Anne , Fraisse Laurent
Published: December 2018

Coordinated action and social rehabilitation “crèches”. Two cross-sector initiatives for the rehabilitation of vulnerable single mothers.

Having underscored the relevance today of the social rehabilitation of vulnerable single mothers, the article analyses two cross-sector initiatives designed to combine access to job support for these mothers with care for their child(ren). The first is to develop coordinated action between existing facilities for childcare and social rehabilitation, while the second involves the creation of a “ crèche” for association-based rehabilitation. While these two cross-sector initiatives have enjoyed a certain amount of success in the region concerned, their implementation, which requires partnerships between professionals from different sectors, has proven delicate. Examining their rollout allows us to highlight the importance of their economic model and the role of the intermediaries at their disposal (or not) at various levels.
Pétrographie d'une altérite résiduelle de type «fantôme de roche»
Authors: Havron Cécile , Baele Jean-Marc , Quinif Yves
Published: December 2018

Le mécanisme de karstification par fantômisation comprend une première phase d'altération isovolumique de la roche mère. Cet aspect est développé dans cet article par une analyse pétrographique macroscopique et microscopique d'une altérite résiduelle en calcaire très pur. L'approche macroscopique souligne essentiellement d'une part la grande porosité du fantôme de roche, d'autre part les caractéristiques du gradient le séparant de la roche saine. L'approche microscopique montre un tassement général de la structure où subsistent les grains les mieux cristallisés : l'altération se fait au détriment des petits cristaux, épargnant les biodastes, ou encore au détriment de microfissures. On détecte aussi une autre phase constituée de gypse. L'examen au MEB montre dans le calcaire sain des grains bien soudés, des rhomboèdres, de la pyrite primaire. Par contre, le fantôme de roche est caractérisé par une forte porosité, une pyrite secondaire, des golfes de corrosion sur les faces cristallines. On constate donc que le mécanisme de karstification par fantômisation se développe aussi bien dans des calcaires purs que dans des carbonates à squelette silico-argileux. Le Fantôme de l'excursion, ainsi dénommé parce qu'il fut découvert lors d'une excursion pédagogique, représente un fantôme de roche figé dans sa première phase génétique : l'altération est isovolumique et aucun vide macroscopique n'apparaît. Le tassement de l'altérite n'a pas encore eu lieu.
Aroca (domaine marin côtier, Pays basque, France) : un karst continental ennoyé par les transgressions maritimes quaternaires
Authors: Vanara Nathalie , Perre Alain , Pernet Marc , Latapie Serge , Jaillet Stéphane , Martine Olivier
Published: December 2018

Aroca (littoral, Basque country, France) : a continental karst drowned by

quaternary maritime transgressions

The rocky formations in shallow areas of the Atlantic coast are hardly known.

Studies are rare because of the difficulties of direct observation (diving in always agitated, troubled water, depth between -20 and -40 m).

Our first step was to make a detailed topography of a submarine plateau named Aroca, 4 km off Socoa harbour (bay of Saint-Jean-de-Luz). This plateau was already known for having a large variety of forms within a small surface (150 x 100 m). We gave names to most remarquable formations and defined five main characteristic zones :

-in the exokarstic domain 1/ a top surface with channels, 2/ a dismantled surface with pinnacles ;

-in the endokarstic domain 3/ caves, galleries, arches ;

-at the limits 4/ three inclined plans, west, north and east, 5/ a cliff to the south. A typology of forms shows a predominance of ablation reliefs : aplanation, over-deepened channels, covered rooms and galleries, arches, residual pinnacles.

Deposit accumulations regroup chaotic breakdown blocks, pebble accumulations and sand covers.

Statement of explanations requires recognition of the nature and age of the outcrops and succession of erosional agents during the Pleistocene. Rocks are dated from Ypresien (limestones) to Bartonian (marls). Continental erosion during sea regressions is responsible of caracteristic Iandforms and deposits ; for example wall banks, allochthonous pebbles... The currently active marine erosion during sea transgressions is due to storms, tide, dissolution, biochemical action (lithophages) and gravity.

We propose a paleogeographic reconstitution. After an essentially calcareous sedimentation in Eocene and an essentially marly sedimentation in Oligocene, the sea recedes during Miocene. From then, the platform, henceforward above the water, is subject to meteoric erosion, in Pliocene, evolution of the massif is isovolumic (under a marly cover and with a low hydraulic gradient). During the lower and middle Pleistocene, the erosion of the marly cover goes on. During the upper Pleistocene, the wurmian (-18000 BP) marine regression allows entrenchment of the hydrographie system thanks to an increase of hydraulic gradients (classic functional karst). From 15000 years onwards, a general transgression of sea level happens by successive steps. During the Boreal, a break in transgression allows the formation of a paleo-shore at -20 to -30 m, inducing a peneplanation phase in the tidal or infratidal zone. From 7500 BP onwards, a a rapid transgression from -23 to -8, then a slower one from -8 to the present level stops karstification on the massif.

At present, only marine abrasion is active and tends to obliterate the previously built landforms.
Englacement, eustatisme et réajustements karstiques de la bordure sud de l'archipel de Madré de Dios (Patagonie, Province Ultima Esperanza, Chili)
Authors: Jaillet Stéphane , Maire Richard , Bréhier Franck , Despain Joël , Lans Benjamin , Morel L. , Pernette Jean-François , Ployon Estelle , Tourte Bernard
Published: December 2018

Dans les canaux de Patagonie (Chili), par 50° de latitude sud, l'archipel de Madre de Dios est un ensemble d'îles présentant des zones calcaires qui concentrent les cavités les plus australes de la planète. Au cours de trois expéditions en 2000, 2006 et 2008, gouffres alpins, grottes marines et lapiaz spectaculaires ont été reconnus et constituent les manifestations du karst dans un paysage de montagnes et de fjords. Les précipitations actuelles (8000 mm/an), et les vents violents façonnent des formes karstiques superficielles très exacerbées. C'est plutôt les héritages glaciaires quaternaires (dynamique du retrait glaciaire, variation eustatique du niveau marin et rebond isostatique) qui sont étudiés dans cet article. A la croisée des influences andines (à l'est) et pacifique (à l'ouest), le karst, par ses formes de surface, souterraines et sous-marines constitue une clef dans la compréhension de l'évolution du paysage. On montre ainsi qu'à chaque étape de cette évolution (retrait glaciaire, remontée du niveau marin, rebond isostatique), le karst développe des formes qui enregistrent depuis 21 000 ans la morphogenèse de cet espace insulaire.
Self-gravitating Semi-transparent Circumstellar Disks: An Analytic Model
Authors: Wilson R. E.
Published: December 2018

An accretion–decretion (A–D) circumstellar disk model, suitable for analysis of light and radial velocity (RV) curves, is developed for application to double contact binaries. A foundational hypothesis is that systems as different as cataclysmic variables and W Serpentis binaries—types that appear to have next to nothing in common other than being highly evolved, share the morphological trait of double contact and the related evolutionary trait of having A–D disks. The development is built upon a globally self-gravitating equipotential disk model and allows disk semi-transparency by attenuation of internal disk light and the light of both binary components. Tidal stretching of the disk with consequent brightness variation, as in the “ellipticity” effect for ordinary binaries, is a natural consequence of the disk’s tidally distended structure. Light/velocity curve fitting for β Lyrae and CI Aquilae explores the idea that accretion and decretion can co-exist in statistical equilibrium. The basic similarity between CI Aql’s pre- and post-eruption light curves—in both form and overall brightness, establishes that its disk was not seriously affected by the outburst of early 2000. Model computations show that in principle the Rossiter–McLaughlin RV disturbance should be very large for disks and a good diagnostic of orbital inclination, although absorption line disk velocities have not yet been measured for β Lyr or CI Aql.
Gaps and Rings in an ALMA Survey of Disks in the Taurus Star-forming Region
Authors: Long 龙 Feng 凤 , Pinilla Paola , Herczeg 沈 Gregory J. 雷歌 , Harsono Daniel , Dipierro Giovanni , Pascucci Ilaria , Hendler Nathan , Tazzari Marco , Ragusa Enrico , Salyk Colette , Edwards Suzan , Lodato Giuseppe , van de Plas Gerrit , Johnstone Doug , Liu Yao , Boehler Yann , Cabrit Sylvie , Manara Carlo F. , Menard Francois , Mulders Gijs D. , Nisini Brunella , Fischer William J. , Rigliaco Elisabetta , Banzatti Andrea , Avenhaus Henning , Gully-Santiago Michael
Published: December 2018

Rings are the most frequently revealed substructure in Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) dust observations of protoplanetary disks, but their origin is still hotly debated. In this paper, we identify dust substructures in 12 disks and measure their properties to investigate how they form. This subsample of disks is selected from a high-resolution (∼0.″12) ALMA 1.33 mm survey of 32 disks in the Taurus star-forming region, which was designed to cover a wide range of brightness and to be unbiased to previously known substructures. While axisymmetric rings and gaps are common within our sample, spiral patterns and high-contrast azimuthal asymmetries are not detected. Fits of disk models to the visibilities lead to estimates of the location and shape of gaps and rings, the flux in each disk component, and the size of the disk. The dust substructures occur across a wide range of stellar mass and disk brightness. Disks with multiple rings tend to be more massive and more extended. The correlation between gap locations and widths, the intensity contrast between rings and gaps, and the separations of rings and gaps could all be explained if most gaps are opened by low-mass planets (super-Earths and Neptunes) in the condition of low disk turbulence (α = 10−4). The gap locations are not well correlated with the expected locations of CO and N2 ice lines, so condensation fronts are unlikely to be a universal mechanism to create gaps and rings, though they may play a role in some cases.
The Stellar Orbital Structure in Axisymmetric Galaxy Models with Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Authors: Li Baile , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly , Khan Fazeel Mahmood
Published: December 2018

It has been well established that particular centrophilic orbital families in non-spherical galaxies can, in principle, drive a black hole binary to shrink its orbit through three-body scattering until the black holes are close enough to strongly emit gravitational waves. Most of these studies rely on the orbital analysis of a static supermassive black hole (SMBH)-embedded galaxy potential to support this view; it is not clear, however, how these orbits transform as the second SMBH enters the center. So our understanding of which orbits actually interact with an SMBH binary is not ironclad. Here, we analyze two flattened galaxy models, one with a single SMBH and one with a binary, to determine which orbits actually do interact with the SMBH binary and how they compare with the set predicted in single SMBH-embedded models. We find close correspondence between the centrophilic orbits predicted to interact with the binary and those that are actually scattered by the binary, in terms of energy and L

z
distribution, where L

z
is the z component of a stellar particle’s angular momentum. Of minor note: because of the larger mass, the binary SMBH has a larger radius of influence than in the single SMBH model, which allows the binary to draw from a larger reservoir of orbits to scatter. Of the prediction particles and scattered particles, nearly half have chaotic orbits, 40% have f

x
:f

y
 = 1:1 orbits and 10% have other resonant orbits.
Mass–Metallicity Relation and Fundamental Metallicity Relation of Metal-poor Star-forming Galaxies at 0.6 < Z < 0.9 from the eBOSS Survey
Authors: Gao YuLong , Bao Min , Yuan QiRong , Kong Xu , Zou Hu , Zhou Xu , Gu Yizhou , Lin Zesen , Liang Zhixiong , Huang Chi
Published: December 2018

The stellar mass–metallicity relation (M
⋆–Z; MZR) indicates that the metallicities of galaxies increase with increasing stellar masses. The fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) suggests that galaxies with higher star formation rates (SFRs) tend to have lower metallicities for a given stellar mass. To examine whether the MZR and FMR still hold at poorer metallicities and higher redshifts, we compile a sample of 35 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 0.6 < z < 0.9 using the public spectral database (v5_10_0) of emission-line galaxies from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. These galaxies are identified for their significant auroral [O iii]λ4363 emission line (S/N ≥ 3). With the electronic temperature metallicity calibration, we find nine SFGs that are extremely metal-poor galaxies with 12 + log(O/H) ≤ 7.69 (1/10 Z
⊙). The metallicity of the most metal-deficient galaxy is 7.35 ± 0.09 (about 1/20 Z
⊙). Compared to the SFGs with normal metallicities in the local and high-redshift universe, our metal-poor SFGs have more than 10 times higher SFRs at a fixed stellar mass. We create a new mass–SFR relation for these metal-poor galaxies at 0.6 < z < 0.9. Due to the higher SFRs and younger stellar ages, our metal-poor SFGs deviate from the MZR and FMR in the local universe toward lower metallicities, confirming the existence of FMR, as well as the cosmic evolution of MZR and FMR with redshift.
β-delayed Fission in r-process Nucleosynthesis
Authors: Mumpower M. R. , Kawano T. , Sprouse T. M. , Vassh N. , Holmbeck E. M. , Surman R. , Möller P.
Published: December 2018

We present β-delayed neutron emission and β-delayed fission (βdf) calculations for heavy, neutron-rich nuclei using the coupled Quasi-Particle Random Phase Approximation plus Hauser-Feshbach (QRPA+HF) approach. From the initial population of a compound nucleus after β-decay, we follow the statistical decay, taking into account competition between neutrons, γ-rays, and fission. We find a region of the chart of nuclides where the probability of βdf is ∼100%, which likely prevents the production of superheavy elements in nature. For a subset of nuclei near the neutron dripline, neutron multiplicity and the probability of fission are both large, leading to the intriguing possibility of multi-chance βdf, a decay mode for extremely neutron-rich heavy nuclei. In this decay mode, β-decay can be followed by multiple neutron emission, leading to subsequent daughter generations that each have a probability to fission. We explore the impact of βdf in rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) nucleosynthesis in the tidal ejecta of a neutron star–neutron star merger and show that it is a key fission channel that shapes the final abundances near the second r-process peak.
Size–Luminosity Scaling Relations of Local and Distant Star-forming Regions
Authors: Cosens Maren , Wright Shelley A. , Mieda Etsuko , Murray Norman , Armus Lee , Do Tuan , Larkin James E. , Larson Kirsten , Martinez Gregory , Walth Gregory , Vayner Andrey
Published: December 2018

We investigate star-forming scaling relations using Bayesian inference on a comprehensive data sample of low- (z < 0.1) and high-redshift (1 < z < 5) star-forming regions. This full data set spans a wide range of host galaxy stellar mass (M
* ∼ 106–1011

) and clump star formation rates (SFR ∼ 10−5 −102

yr−1). We fit the power-law relationship between the size (

) and luminosity (

) of the star-forming clumps using the Bayesian statistical modeling tool Stan, which makes use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling techniques. Trends in the scaling relationship are explored for the full sample and subsets based on redshift and selection effects between samples. In our investigation, we find neither evidence of redshift evolution of the size–luminosity scaling relationship nor a difference in slope between lensed and unlensed data. There is evidence of a break in the scaling relationship between high and low SFR surface density (

) clumps. The size–luminosity power-law fit results are

 ∼ 

2.8 and

 ∼ 

1.7 for low and high

clumps, respectively. We present a model where star-forming clumps form at locations of gravitational instability and produce an ionized region represented by the Strömgren radius. A radius smaller than the scale height of the disk results in a scaling relationship of L ∝ r
3 (high

clumps), and a scaling of L ∝ r
2 (low

clumps) if the radius is larger than the disk scale height.
Expansion of High-speed Solar Wind Streams from Coronal Holes through the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Garton Tadhg M. , Murray Sophie A. , Gallagher Peter T.
Published: December 2018

Coronal holes (CHs) are regions of open magnetic flux that are the source of high-speed solar wind (HSSW) streams. To date, it is not clear which aspects of CHs exert the most influence on the properties of the solar wind as it expands through the Heliosphere. Here, we study the relationship between CH properties extracted from Atmospheric Imaging Assembly images using the Coronal Hole Identification via Multi-thermal Emission Recognition Algorithm and HSSW measurements from Advanced Composition Explorer at L1. For CH longitudinal widths Δθ
CH < 67°, the peak solar wind velocity (v
max) is found to scale as v
max ≈ 330.8 + 5.7 Δθ
CH km s−1. For larger longitudinal widths (Δθ
CH > 67°), v
max is found to tend to a constant value (∼710 km s−1). Furthermore, we find that the duration of HSSW streams (Δt) are directly related to the longitudinal width of CHs (Δt
SW ≈ 0.09Δθ
CH) and that their longitudinal expansion factor is f
SW ≈ 1.2 ± 0.1. We also derive an expression for the CH flux-tube expansion factor, f
FT, which varies as f
SW ≳ f
FT ≳ 0.8. These results enable us to estimate the peak speeds and durations of HSSW streams at L1 using the properties of CHs identified in the solar corona.
Émotions et moral dans les tranchées belges, 1914-1918
Authors: Spijkerman Rose
Published: December 2018

Bien des recherches sur la Première Guerre mondiale tentent d’expliquer pourquoi la majorité des soldats a continué à se battre pendant quatre ans. Selon nous, il n’y a pas une, mais plusieurs explications en jeu. L’objectif de cet article est d’y contribuer en abordant ces motivations à partir des émotions et de la conscience de soi des soldats belges. Il ne s’agit nullement d’allonger la liste des motivations déjà relevées, mais plutôt d’attirer l’attention sur la psychologie sous-jacente à une série de ces facteurs. Les perspectives du Haut Commandement comme celles des simples soldats seront examinées. Dans quelle mesure les militaires de hauts rangs ont-ils cherché à stimuler l’engagement et le moral des troupes et comment les soldats ont-ils réagi à ces tentatives ? Pour les inciter à garder le moral, le respect et la reconnaissance étaient très importants. Cela ne signifie pas pour autant que les soldats acceptent sans broncher ou sans en tirer leurs propres conclusions. Pour persévérer, tous les facteurs sont interdépendants.
Dans les mains de la police allemande. Les violences carcérales et policières comme expérience d’occupation en Belgique, 1914-1918
Authors: Debruyne Emmanuel , Rezsöhazy Elise , van Ypersele Laurence
Published: December 2018

Si, depuis une dizaine d’années, les recherches sur les patriotes de la Première Guerre mondiale ont permis de mieux cerner le phénomène de cette première « résistance », on sait encore peu de choses sur ce qu’ils ont subi en prison et comment ils l’ont vécu. Or ces hommes avaient désappris la violence quotidienne. Dans cette perspective, on se demandera d’une part quelles sont les violences subies par ces patriotes emprisonnés, et de l’autre comment elles sont vécues, perçues et interprétées par ceux qui les subissent. Leur cas est d’autant plus intéressant qu’il s’insère dans le contexte d’une guerre totale où la violence est dirigée non seule­ment contre les combattants, mais également contre des civils.
Les collaborateurs économiques en Belgique occupée (1914-1918) : essai de typologie
Authors: Verfaillie Florent
Published: December 2018

Cet article propose un aperçu global de la collaboration économique en Belgique en 1914-1918 et dresse une première typologie générale du phénomène. Sur base d’une définition légale élargie, l’approche pénitentiaire adoptée dévoile notamment la proportion des différentes formes de collaboration rencontrées. Cet article esquisse également les principales caractéristiques des collaborateurs économiques, leurs profils socioéconomiques et la sévérité des peines qui leur furent infligées. Cet aperçu contribue à mieux cerner la diversité d’un phénomène encore largement méconnu dans son ensemble.
5. Y a-t-il une rationalité des comportements discriminatoires ?
Authors: Parodi Maxime
Published: December 2018

Discriminer statistiquement, c’est rejeter un individu par crainte de ce qu’il pourrait être. Les sciences sociales se servent parfois de cette notion pour expliquer les comportements discriminatoires en y repérant une certaine rationalité. Lors d’un recrutement, il serait ainsi rationnel de rejeter tous les candidats qui appartiennent à un groupe jugé « à risque ». Or, une telle pratique soulève de nombreuses questions que cet article explore, tant sur le plan de l’objectivité des croyances portant sur les groupes sociaux, que sur sa moralité.