bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computing the interaction of light pulses with objects moving at relativistic speeds
Authors: Vavilin Maxim , Mazo-Vásquez Juan Diego , Fernandez-Corbaton Ivan
Published: February 2025

The interaction of matter with short light pulses is relevant in optical traps, optical tweezers, and many other applications. The theoretical description of such polychromatic light-matter interaction is challenging, and more so when the object is moving with respect to the light source, albeit with constant speed. Light sails are futuristic examples where such speed should reach the relativistic regime. In here, we provide a methodology for the theoretical and numerical analysis of the interaction of light pulses with objects moving with constant speed. The methodology allows one, in particular, to readily compute the transfer of fundamental quantities such as energy and momentum from the light pulse to the object. As an example, we compute the transfer of energy and momentum between a given pulse and a silicon sphere moving at relativistic speeds. The methodology, however, is valid for generic pulses and objects. Particularizing the equations to the case of zero speed allows one to treat static or quasistatic objects. The method is based on the polychromatic T-matrix (transition matrix) formalism, which leverages the many publicly available resources for computing T matrices.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Image registration for accurate electrode deformation analysis in operando microscopy of battery materials
Authors: Sun Tianxiao , Peng Robert , Li Wenlong , Liu Yijin
Published: February 2025

Operando imaging techniques have become increasingly valuable in both battery research and manufacturing. However, the reliability of these methods can be compromised by instabilities in the imaging setup and operando cells, particularly when utilizing high-resolution imaging systems. The acquired imaging data often include features arising from both undesirable system vibrations and drift, as well as the scientifically relevant deformations occurring in the battery sample during cell operation. For meaningful analysis, it is crucial to distinguish and separately evaluate these two factors. To address these challenges, we employ a suite of advanced image-processing techniques. These include fast Fourier transform analysis in the frequency domain, power spectrum-based assessments for image quality, as well as rigid and non-rigid image-registration methods. These techniques allow us to identify and exclude blurred images, correct for displacements caused by motor vibrations and sample holder drift and, thus, prevent unwanted image artifacts from affecting subsequent analyses and interpretations. Additionally, we apply optical flow analysis to track the dynamic deformation of battery electrode materials during electrochemical cycling. This enables us to observe and quantify the evolving mechanical responses of the electrodes, offering deeper insights into battery degradation. Together, these methods ensure more accurate image analysis and enhance our understanding of the chemomechanical interplay in battery performance and longevity.
Work boundary violations and daily goal progress in remote work: the importance of the work role re-engagement
Authors: Xu Nan , Tang Chunyong , Yang Chengchuan , Lai Yanzhao
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to empirically study the effect of work boundary violations in remote settings on daily goal progress and the important role that work role reengagement plays for remote workers.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducted a five-day diary study in China, involving a total of 118 remote workers, to collect data on the effects of work boundary violations on daily goal progress.

Findings

The results demonstrated that self-control resource depletion plays a mediating role in the relationship between work boundary violations and daily goal progress. In addition, work role reengagement was found to mitigate the association between work boundary violations and self-control resource depletion.

Practical implications

This paper provides employees with the signals that cause them to perform less well in remote work situations than in traditional offices. Employees can develop work−family boundary management strategies to reduce work boundary violations while teleworking.

Originality/value

This paper enriches the existing literature on work boundary violations by incorporating ego depletion theory and integrating it with the current boundary management literature. The paper provides theoretically grounded recommendations for organizations seeking to enhance the efficiency of remote workers.
Understanding the residential search process in Indian context: analysing decision dimensions for location choice set development
Authors: Saini Preety , Pandit Debapratim
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to comprehensively explore households’ residential search process by examining various decision dimensions – search tenure, housing typology, search criteria, information sources, search extent and search duration – and identifying factors influencing each.

Design/methodology/approach

The study area includes Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation and Rajarhat Newtown. A retrospective survey was conducted with recently relocated households to investigate their search process. Based on a search process framework from literature, separate logit models were developed to analyse decision dimensions.

Findings

The study identifies the influence of household typology, size, income, car ownership, origin and education, including travel attitudes, relocation reasons and urgency on decision dimensions. Key findings indicate that households use five dominant search criteria to orient themselves spatially, also affecting the search extent. Moreover, some households enter the housing market without housing typology preferences, exploring all options.

Practical implications

Choice set development – a critical stage in residential location choice modelling – represents the outcome of household’s search process: the collection of potential locations considered before making a final selection. Traditionally, entire urban area is considered as choice set, but the study’s findings can inform screening rules to tailor choice set to household preferences.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively explore the housing search process in India, introducing novel factors like travel attitudes, relocation motivations and urgency. Instead of focusing on specific housing typologies, the authors investigate whether households enter the market with established preferences or not. The authors also examined search criteria households consider to define search space and its impact on search extent.
Breaking the virtual wall: analysing barriers to metaverse adoption in manufacturing industries
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , Wankhede Vishal Ashok
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The adoption of metaverse in manufacturing holds significant benefits, but there are several barriers to its seamless integration. This paper aims to identify such barriers and prioritize them in a manner that allows industrial leaders to strategize for smooth adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, we applied two-stage methods, first the identification and validation of barriers through an empirical study applied to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). A purposive sampling technique and snowball sampling facilitated data collection from these expert sources. Through snowball sampling, additional contacts working in the metaverse field were reached, resulting in 235 possible respondents; the survey yielded 104 completed responses. Thereafter, the best-worst method (BWM) was used to measure and rank the barriers.

Findings

The study results show that the two most critical barriers are “Lack of data security and privacy” and “Lack of integration compatibility with existing systems.” Such findings inform industry leaders of specific recommendations for structural changes, training programs, necessary technological investments and collaborative efforts to overcome these barriers.

Research limitations/implications

This work adds significantly to academic discussion by prioritizing barriers towards integrating metaverse technology in manufacturing. In addition, this strategic methodology aids in critical appraisal and ranking of barriers for successful adoption. This study also identifies key barriers but acknowledges that other unexamined factors might be lurking in the background, such as virtual economy, financial risks and cross-border legal issues.

Practical implications

The study’s conclusions cannot be generalized to the other sectors, thus indicating the necessity of carrying out a comparative multi-sector study in the future.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study on systematic prioritization of barriers to adopting metaverse technology in manufacturing is the original contribution of the authors.
Accuracy analysis of herringbone gear transmission based on measured symmetry error
Authors: Guo Wanying , Bao Heyun , Cao Jianfeng , Zhou Yiping
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The symmetry error generated in the machining process of herringbone gears will destroy the stability of the transmission system. The purpose of this paper is to establish a symmetry error measurement model of herringbone gear based on spiral measurement method, and to evaluate the transmission accuracy of herringbone gear based on the measured symmetry error.

Design/methodology/approach

A symmetry error measurement model of herringbone gear based on spiral measurement method is proposed. The measurement method is verified by three coordinate measuring instrument. The transmission error analysis model of herringbone gear is established. The influence of speed and load on it is analyzed.

Findings

At the same speed, when the load increases from 100 N·m to 500 N·m, the transmission error increases and the transmission accuracy of the system decreases. Under the same load, the speed is increased from 100 rpm to 500 rpm, which has little effect on the transmission error.

Originality/value

The measurement method and analysis model used in this paper provide reference value and significance for the measurement and analysis of symmetry error.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2024-0350/
An axial elastic deformation of ceramets on elastohydrodynamic lubrication of wavy-tilt-dam mechanical face seals
Authors: Zhang Baojun , Wang Zeping , An Junqing , Liu Sihang , Lei Mingkai
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the lubrication characteristics of siliconized graphite with a wavy-tilt-dam (WTD) pattern applied to the hydrodynamic face seals.

Design/methodology/approach

It focuses on two friction pairs, carbon graphite versus tungsten carbide (CG-TC) and siliconized graphite versus siliconized graphite (SG-SG), through a three-dimensional elastic hydrodynamic lubrication numerical model that integrates finite difference method and finite element method. The consequence of axial elastic deformation of sealing pair materials on film thickness, film pressure, cavitation and sealing performance for a WTD mechanical face seal under full working conditions of ΔP = 0.8, 5.3 and 15.8 MPa are analyzed theoretically.

Findings

The nuclear hydrodynamic WTD face seal generates a convergent gap and exhibits a dual-characteristic behavior of hydrodynamic and hydrostatic effects under various ΔP. Compared to the CG-TC, the SG-SG shows a lower minimum film thickness, decreasing by 3.9%, 17.3% and 35.1%. The flow leakage rate decreases by 47.8%, 52.1% and 75.4%. In addition, the film stiffness increases by 46.8%, 49.8% and 97.8%. Thus, the SG-SG better deals with the dynamic tracking problem, and the sealing performance is stable. The strength and hardness of siliconized graphite enhance WTD sealing performance and improve cavitation control in high-pressure applications.

Originality/value

The lubrication characteristics of the siliconized graphite with a WTD pattern could inform the future design of hydrodynamic shallow groove wavy seals in boiler feedwater engineering implements under high-pressure conditions for the nuclear power industry.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2024-0382/
Differences in sustainability orientation and asymmetric power in buyer–seller relationships: direct and moderated impacts on relationship satisfaction
Authors: Talay Cagri , AbedRabbo Majd , S. Oliveira João , Crick James M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This research aims to address the knowledge gaps in determining factors affecting relationship satisfaction in buyer–seller relationships, with a specific focus on sustainability orientation and asymmetric power dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon the Social Exchange Theory (SET) and using a sample of 436 US-based companies, this research uses structural equation modelling to investigate the impact of sustainability orientation and asymmetric power on relationship satisfaction within these relationships. Furthermore, this research explores the moderating role of asymmetric power in the connection between differences in sustainability orientation and relationship satisfaction.

Findings

The results uncover a significant negative association between the extent of divergence in sustainability orientation between buyers and sellers and the level of relationship satisfaction. Notably, asymmetric power in buyer–seller relationships positively moderates the influence of sustainability orientation differences on relationship satisfaction.

Originality/value

This research sheds light on the increasingly vital issue of sustainability orientation in buyer–seller relationships by enhancing our understanding of asymmetric power’s role in shaping relationship satisfaction within business-to-business relationships.
Beyond business: unravelling the well-being and happiness threads of entrepreneurship
Authors: Latifi Vjosë , Hajdari Agron , Rexhepi Gadaf , Radoniqi Uran , Krasniqi Besnik A. , Kallmuenzer Andreas
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to explore the relationships between entrepreneurial engagement and their impact on happiness and well-being. By exploring deeper into these relationships, this study seeks to move beyond traditional perspectives on entrepreneurship and uncover new insights.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data collection through an online questionnaire across diverse social media platforms investigates the relationships among entrepreneurial engagement, well-being and happiness. It also examines the moderation effects of work–life balance and financial stability on these relationships.

Findings

This study reveals a positive association between entrepreneurship, well-being and happiness. Financial stability positively correlates with entrepreneurship, whereas work–life balance moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial engagement, well-being and happiness.

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and the reliance on self-reported data may introduce biases. Future longitudinal research could offer a more comprehensive understanding of these processes over time.

Practical implications

This study provides new insights into the impact of entrepreneurship on well-being and happiness, offering practical recommendations for the business community. It highlights the importance of work–life balance and financial stability in entrepreneurial success.

Social implications

The research underscores the societal impact of supporting entrepreneurship, suggesting that policymakers and community leaders can use these findings to create supportive environments that enhance well-being and happiness through entrepreneurial engagement.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study includes the first research that has analysed the impact of entrepreneurship on well-being and happiness in the Republic of Kosovo.
Enhance domestic tourists’ revisit intention in spiritual destinations originating in patriotism and religious orientation
Authors: Nguyen-Viet Bang , Nguyen My Phuc , Dang-Van Thac
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study investigates the impact of religious orientation and patriotism on domestic tourists’ intention to revisit spiritual destinations through two distinct studies: (1) religious sites and historical landmarks and (2) cultural heritage locations.

Design/methodology/approach

Using convenience sampling, Study 1 (religious orientation) collected data from 445 Vietnamese tourists, and Study 2 (patriotism) collected data from 492 Vietnamese tourists. Spiritual elements were examined through social identity theory (SIT) and patriotism through the theory of reasoned action (TRA). The cognitive-affective-behavioral (CAB) model serves as the framework for both analyses. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Both patriotism and religious orientation had a positive indirect impact on domestic tourists’ intention to return. While attitudes toward development served as the sole mediator between patriotism and revisit intention, multiple factors mediated the relationship between religious orientation and revisit intention.

Practical implications

Religious marketing campaigns can enhance the destination image of churches and temples, thereby strengthening domestic tourists’ intention to revisit. Programs emphasizing patriotism should be organized to encourage the intention to revisit cultural and historical heritage sites.

Originality/value

This study on spirituality tourism conducted a comparative analysis of two case studies by focusing on the interplay between religious orientation and patriotism regarding revisiting intention by employing frameworks of the SIT, TRA and CAB models. It enriches the existing literature and theoretical foundations of spiritual tourism and provides valuable insights for local policymakers by highlighting the distinctions between the effects of religion and patriotism.
The intellectual legacy of Erving Goffman in management studies: a citation context analysis
Authors: Sun Zhongyuan , Ren Yutian , Li Yilan
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine Erving Goffman’s contributions to management, arguing that he is an unrecognized management guru despite being widely regarded as a sociological theorist.

Design/methodology/approach

Using citation context analysis, this research analyzes 806 articles citing Goffman’s works across eight major management journals. This method involves coding articles from various perspectives, including the content itself, its temporal dynamics, depth and criticalness.

Findings

All 11 of Goffman’s books have been cited in management studies with increasing frequency and depth, supporting theories such as impression management and stigma management. Yet, only 10.8% of these articles provide empirical support, and 1.6% challenge his ideas, indicating a ritualistic reverence rather than rigorous scrutiny of his theories in management scholarship.

Research limitations/implications

This study excludes other high-quality journals and involves subjective judgment in coding. In addition, this study’s insights into Goffman’s selective attention and growing prominence remain speculative. Future research could broaden journal coverage, survey scholars’ citation motivations, and apply a difference-in-differences approach to identify causal factors.

Social implications

Goffman’s concepts of stigma, impression management and framing are frequently cited by management scholars, reflecting societal concerns for marginalized groups and a quest for authenticity, thus prompting deeper exploration of Goffman’s seminal works.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to empirically analyze his impact on management, offering new insights into his influence in the field.
A leading error compensation method for weld seam tracking based on dual-sensing and dual-wavelength
Authors: Xu Zhenzhi , Lv Na , Liu Qiang , Zhao Hui
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Leading error in line laser weld seam tracking significantly affects tracking accuracy. This paper aims to propose an accurate and reliable compensation method without increasing system complexity for weld seam tracking to improve tracking precision.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the line laser seam tracking method, the seam image is simultaneously captured to obtain the angle offset of the seam relative to the sensor direction, which is then combined with the leading distance to calculate the leading error. The two sensing methods use different wavelengths and are captured simultaneously by a color industrial camera. The images of the two different wavelengths can be separated by extracting the RGB components, and the compensated tracking results are obtained after image processing.

Findings

The results of static positioning experiment indicate that the average absolute error in weld seam positioning is reduced to 0.099 mm after compensation. The real-time tracking experiments demonstrate that the proposed method preserves tracking accuracy even with changes in the sensor’s angle of deviation during welding, with the average absolute error being 0.248 mm. This method effectively enhances the precision of line laser weld seam tracking when the sensor exhibits a deviation relative to the welding direction.

Originality/value

By using the dual-sensing and dual-wavelength method for leading error compensation, the method effectively addresses the leading error issue while maintaining the advantages of the line laser seam tracking method.
A simple competition model can predict rainforest tree diversity, species abundance and ecosystem functions
Authors: Kohyama Takashi S. , Shigesada Nanako , Kawasaki Kokichi , Potts Matthew D. , Nur Hajar Zamah S. , Kohyama Tetsuo I. , Sheil Douglas
Published: February 2025

The coexistence of tree species in tropical forests has remained challenging to explain, characterise and predict with simple theoretical models. To address this phenomenon researchers have focused on processes and factors omitted in simple competition models. Meantime, theoretical considerations of simple models have sought out conditions for stable coexistence of many species. Here we show that a simple competition model parameterised using repeated forest tree inventory data can estimate the stable coexistence of numerous tree species and predict their biomass abundance and productivity in equilibrium communities.

We apply a simple Lotka–Volterra competition model to describe species aboveground biomass, and employ leaf biomass as a proxy for exploitative competition among species. In such systems a globally stable multispecies equilibrium arises when, for every species, susceptibility of biomass growth to conspecific (same species) leaf biomass exceeds that to heterospecific leaf biomass. We applied this approach to tree species in the Pasoh 50‐ha plot of Malaysian lowland mixed dipterocarp forest. We parameterised species aboveground biomass productivity by tree growth, by recruitment, and losses from tree mortality. Biomass gains minus losses yields the biomass growth of each species population. Using variation in leaf biomass among quadrat subplots, we estimated the susceptibility of productivity by tree growth to conspecific and heterospecific leaf biomass.

Our model analyses with plot census data predicted the stable coexistence of 351 of the 487 tree species assessed. Susceptibility to conspecific versus heterospecific leaf biomass was greater across all species (median: 95 times). The implied effect of conspecific competition appears to reflect ontogeny, that is declining relative tree growth with tree size. The equilibrium biomasses for predicted persistent species were broadly similar to observations. Removal of species indicates that ecosystem biomass and productivity at equilibrium increases asymptotically with species richness.

Synthesis. Our analyses with a simple model provide a range of non‐trivial insights into tree species coexistence, community structure and ecosystem stability within a species‐rich rainforest. The insights available from such simple models provide references for a reassessment of the insights from more complex models and approaches.
Clinical outcomes of endovascular treatment in hemodialysis patients with central venous stenosis: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Tian Ran , Yu Zhengya , Luo Tao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Endovascular treatment is one of treatment options for hemodialysis patients with central venous stenosis (CVS), but clinical outcomes and risk factors remain inadequately studied. This study seeks to investigate the occurrence and risk factors associated with CVS.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed the distribution and causes of 385 lesions in 309 hemodialysis patients with symptomatic CVS. We particularly examined patients with single‐segment lesions treated with endovascular treatment to explore patency rates and related factors.

Results

The proportion of catheter‐related superior vena cava (SVC) lesions was 100%. In the subgroup of single‐segment lesions (from 205 patients) 187 patients successfully treated with endovascular treatment (technical success was 91.22%) and Cox analysis revealed that age over 50 years (HR = 2.057, 95% CI: 1.174–3.603, p = 0.012), upper‐arm arteriovenous fistula (HR = 1.832, 95% CI: 1.127–2.977, p = 0.015), and presence of preoperative collateral circulation (HR = 1.924, 95% CI: 1.241–2.982, p = 0.003) were prognostic factors influencing the 1‐year primary patency rate of subclavian veins, while age over 50 years (HR = 3.618, 95% CI: 1.465–8.933, p = 0.005), upper‐arm arteriovenous fistula (HR = 1.972, 95% CI: 1.116–3.482, p = 0.019), high pressure to efface waist at the stenotic site (HR = 2.343, 95% CI: 1.106–4.961, p = 0.026), and diabetes (HR = 1.953, 95% CI: 1.042–3.661, p = 0.037) were prognostic factors for brachiocephalic veins. Due to the small sample size, comprehensive analysis of risk factors for restenosis could not be performed.

Conclusion

Central venous balloon angioplasty is an effective treatment for central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients, with satisfactory technical and clinical success rates. Age, upper arm fistula and collateral circulation are important factors affecting the treatment outcome for subclavian veins. Similarly, the corresponding factors for the brachiocephalic veins include age, upper‐arm fistula, high pressure to efface waist and diabetes.
Ordinal‐Level Resilience of Invertebrates After Fire Events in Eucalypt Woodlands of South‐Eastern Australia
Authors: Common Lauren K. , Kotz Paul S. , Colombelli‐Négrel Diane , Kleindorfer Sonia
Published: February 2025

Fire disturbance is an integral part of many ecosystems. However, some taxa may not be resilient to the increasing size, intensity, and frequency of fire events due to climate change. We investigated how terrestrial invertebrate Ordinal‐level community structure and the abundance of six Orders (Acarina, Araneae, Coleoptera, Collembola, Diptera, Hymenoptera: Formicidae) changed following three natural fire events over two decades (2007–2022) in Kangaroo Island and mainland South Australia. We collected invertebrates using two methods (pitfall traps and sweep nets) at four sites (two burnt and two unburnt) every 6 months, before and after three fire events (2007, 2019, 2021). Ordinal‐level community structure generally showed signs of recovery nearing pre‐fire conditions within 20–22 months post‐fire. The pitfall samples showed increased abundance in Coleoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera (Formicidae) following fire, and no change in Acarina abundance. The sweep net samples showed no recovery to pre‐fire conditions on mainland South Australia, but recovery to baseline after 20–22 months on Kangaroo Island. There were significant shifts in invertebrate community structure across time‐since‐fire with a return to pre‐fire conditions at burnt sites after 20–22 months. These findings demonstrate the apparent ordinal‐level resilience of invertebrates in South Australian eucalypt woodlands, particularly of ground‐dwelling species, but also point to Order specific differences that warrant future study.
Human chorionic gonadotropin‐based clinical treatments for infertile men with non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Esteves Sandro C. , Viana Marina C. , Achermann Arnold P. P. , Santi Daniele
Published: February 2025

Spermatogenesis is primarily controlled by follicle‐stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone‐driven testosterone. Luteinizing hormone acts on the Leydig cells, stimulating steroid production, predominantly testosterone, and activating critical inter‐related spermatogenesis regulatory pathways. Despite evidence that exogenous gonadotropins containing luteinizing hormone activity, particularly human chorionic gonadotropin, can effectively restore spermatogenesis in azoospermic males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the use of these drugs to treat other forms of non‐obstructive azoospermia is the subject of an ongoing debate. In this review, we delve into the molecular properties and functions of human chorionic gonadotropin in spermatogenesis regulation and explore available preparations for therapeutic use. We examine the evidence regarding the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin in treating infertility in men with pre‐testicular or testicular non‐obstructive azoospermia and, additionally, identify the main areas for future research. Our review highlights the critical role of luteinizing hormone activity in spermatogenesis and emphasizes the potential of human chorionic gonadotropin in treating male infertility. The variation in the characteristics of patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia underscores the importance of assessing hormonal profiles when contemplating hormonal treatment for these patients. A novel stratification of male infertility patients, the APHRODITE criteria, which considers clinical and laboratory indicators, may assist in identifying individuals who could benefit from human chorionic gonadotropin therapy. While accumulating evidence suggests promising venues for pharmacological treatment in male infertility, including non‐obstructive azoospermia, further research is required to completely elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of exogenous gonadotropins with luteinizing hormone activity on sperm production and to establish the most effective dosages and treatment durations.
Psychological well‐being, resilience, self‐determination and grit: The ‘novelty’ role in physical education classes
Authors: Trigueros Ruben , García‐Mas Alejandro
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In recent years, the incorporation of novelty as a psychological need and the study of the frustration of needs have become a recurring theme in the research on psychological needs in the educational environment. Currently, there are two scales available to assess the frustration of basic psychological needs (FBN) in the context of Physical Education. The objectives of the study are (a) to analyse the factor structures of both scales to compare them with each other and (b) to analyse the effect of FBN on resilience, grit and each of the motivational regulations.

Method

The study included 1439 high school students (M = 15.03 years; SD = 1.24). The majority of participants were Caucasian 83.4%, African 9.7%, South American 6.1% and Asian 0.8%. The analyses used to examine the factor structure of the scales were exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis and discriminant validity analysis. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship of FBN.

Results

Each of the scales showed greater robustness in its factor structure and reliability (2023, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 1) scale: χ2/gl = 3.62; CFI = .92; NFI = .92; RMSEA = .061; (2020, Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 29, 91) scale: χ2/gl = 2.67; CFI = .96; NFI = .96; RMSEA = .048, SRMR = .037). Additionally, FBN was positively related to less self‐determined motivational regulations, while it was negatively related to grit, resilience and more self‐determined motivational regulations.

Conclusion

Finally, the results highlighted that the (2020, Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 29, 91) scale, showing greater factorial robustness, obtained greater robustness in the relationships with the variables studied.
Embelin Elevates Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Levels and Blocks the Sterol Regulatory Element‐Binding Protein 2 Mediated Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Expression and Improves the Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor Mediated Lipid Clearance on Hepatocytes
Authors: Chandran Mahesh , Rameshkumar K. B. , Jaleel Abdul , Ayyappan Janeesh Plakkal
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a significant increase in recent years. Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis and prime reason for CVDs is primarily driven by dysregulated lipid metabolism and inflammation. Recently, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin9 (PCSK9) has been evolved to be highly implicated in the circulatory low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by its modulatory effects on the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mediated clearance. Even though not economical, the therapies targeting PCSK9 demonstrated appreciable levels of efficiency in managing hyperlipidaemic conditions. Embelin (2,5‐dihydroxy‐3‐undecyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone) is a naturally occurring para‐benzoquinone isolated from dried berries of Embelia ribes, which possess several effects in maintaining the cholesterol homeostasis. In this study, we have analysed the role of embelin in sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2 (SREBP2) mediated PCSK9 expression in cultured hepatocytes. The study showed that the embelin treatment attenuates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced reactive oxygen species levels and ER stress markers on cultured hepatocytes. The treatment of embelin modulates the mRNA and protein level expression of SREBP2 and its downstream targets like PCSK9, LDLR, and HMG‐CoA reductase (HMGCR). Interestingly the Ca2+ levels and the calcium binding protein of ER were significantly increased with embelin treatment. The work revealed a putative mechanism of embelin in lowering PCSK9 levels by boosting ER Ca2+ levels, thereby blocking SREBP2 nuclear translocation. Further, this reduces LDLR degradation and increases receptor‐mediated circulatory lipid clearance. The study summarized the potential clinical applications of embelin in addressing the cardio vascular diseases.
Sexual dysfunction after colorectal and anal cancer—treatment in nurse‐led sexological clinics
Authors: Mikkelsen Anette Højer , Thyø Anne , Seyer‐Hansen Anne‐Dorte , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Laursen Birgitte Schantz , Christensen Peter , Schwennesen Tina , Juul Therese
Published: February 2025

Aim

Sexual dysfunction after colorectal and anal cancer is common but rarely identified and treated, although effective treatment options do exist. Therefore, we recently established nurse‐led clinics for the treatment of sexual dysfunction after pelvic organ cancer at two Danish university hospitals. The aim of this paper is to present patients' clinical characteristics, the treatments offered and improvements in sexual function recorded.

Method

In this cohort study, colorectal and anal cancer patients were referred to the clinics at any time point after their cancer treatment. Specialized treating nurses identified and registered organic sexual disorders and psychological concerns at the first visit, and initiated treatments. Treatments were algorithm‐based and rooted in a biopsychosocial approach. Patient‐reported outcome measures were completed at baseline and 3 months after discharge.

Results

Among 127 referred patients, 78% were men. The mean age was 60.6 years (SD 10.4 years) and the women were a mean 7.3 years younger than the men (p = 0.001). Eighty per cent were rectal cancer patients. The most prevalent disorder was erectile dysfunction in men (95%) and dyspareunia in women (71%). Psychological concerns were registered in 53% of men and 54% of women. Pharmacological treatments, mainly phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors, were prescribed to 87% of men, and local oestrogens were prescribed to 54% of women. Instructions in the use of sexual aids were given to 22% of men and 42% of women. Furthermore, sexual counselling/therapy was offered to 44% of men and 92% of women to address sexuality related psychological problems. Three months after discharge, a clinically relevant improvement of ≥1 point was found in 68% of patients in at least one of three single items measuring ‘Meaningful sex life’, ‘Sexual needs met’ and ‘Overall rating of sex life’ on a five‐point Likert‐scale.

Conclusion

At nurse‐led clinics, specialized nurses can effectively identify and treat sexual problems in patients with sexual dysfunction following colorectal/anal cancer. Organic dysfunctions were prevalent, and psychological problems characterized most patients. This highlights that treatment needs to be multidisciplinary and that patients benefit from specialized care.
New Anti‐Fibrotic Strategies for Keloids: Insights From Single‐Cell Multi‐Omics
Authors: Zhao Songyun , Xie Jiaheng , Zhang Qian , Ni Tianyi , Lin Jinde , Gao Weicheng , Zhao Liping , Yi Min , Tu Liying , Zhang Pengpeng , Wu Dan , Tang Qikai , Ma Chenfeng , He Yucang , Li Liqun , Wu Guoping , Yan Wei
Published: February 2025

Keloids are complex pathological skin scars characterised by excessive growth of fibrous tissue and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite various treatment options available, the treatment of keloids remains a major clinical challenge due to high recurrence rates and inconsistent therapeutic outcomes. By collecting three keloid tissues and three normal skin samples and utilising single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we delved into the cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms of keloids. Our study identified multiple fibroblast subpopulations within keloid tissue. Enrichment and cell–cell communication analyses revealed that POSTN‐positive mesenchymal fibroblasts (POSTN+ mesenchymal fibs) are more prevalent in keloids and exhibit higher transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) signalling activity, potentially playing a central role in excessive fibrosis. In contrast, IGFBP2‐positive fibroblasts (IGFBP2+ fibs) are more abundant in normal skin, insensitive to TGF‐β and Periostin signalling, and possess anti‐fibrotic potential, possibly related to limited tissue repair and regenerative capacity. Trajectory analysis inferred the differentiation states and patterns of different fibroblast subpopulations. Additionally, we explored the heterogeneity of endothelial cells, finding an endothelial cell subpopulation (EC10) exhibiting mesenchymal activation characteristics, which may work with specific fibroblasts to promote abnormal angiogenesis and endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition processes. Spatial transcriptomics analysis has shown that the proportion of IGFBP2+ fibroblasts relatively increases in acne keloidalis after hormonal treatment, further demonstrating their value as potential therapeutic targets. Ultimately, we separated these two subpopulations using flow cytometry, highlighting their opposing roles in the secretion of the ECM. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of keloids and lay the theoretical foundation for the development of innovative anti‐fibrotic treatment strategies.
Quantifying the Federal Reserve's objectives using a structural vector autoregressive model
Authors: Ou Shengliang , Zhang Donghai
Published: February 2025

The objective of the Federal Reserve (the Fed), namely, its dovish stance, is often blamed for the so‐called Great Inflation. A popular proxy for the Fed's dovish stance is constructed using the inflation coefficients in estimated Taylor rules. However, for a welfare‐optimizing central bank, the estimated Taylor coefficients are not sufficient for inferring its underlying preference. We quantify the Fed's objective—the targeting rule—relying on a conditional estimator that is free of the classical simultaneity problem. We discover that the Fed's targeting rule remained stable during the pre‐ and post‐Volcker periods—the opposite of what is implied through a Taylor rule estimation.
Evaluating an Early‐Stage Psychosis Training Program for Interdisciplinary Mental Health Students and Trainees: A Mixed‐Methods Pilot Study
Authors: DeLuca Joseph S. , Berrett‐Abebe Julie , Pagnotta Michelle , Binger Braden , McClure Margaret M.
Published: February 2025

Aim

Identifying young people in the early stages of psychosis identification is critical, since a longer duration of untreated psychosis is associated with poorer recovery outcomes. However, many mental health students and trainees do not receive training in this area. The aim of this study was to pilot test the effectiveness of an early‐stage psychosis training program for mental health students and trainees.

Method

A pre/post matched sample of interdisciplinary mental health students and trainees (N = 21) attended a 75‐min early‐stage psychosis training program, and completed measures related to stigma, clinical training outcomes, and knowledge.

Results

There were significant improvements in psychosis‐related stigma, intended clinical behaviour and knowledge. There was also high satisfaction with the training program.

Conclusion

This study suggests that a brief early‐stage psychosis training program is acceptable to students and trainees and feasible to implement and may yield significant benefits regarding students and trainees' personal psychosis stigma, as well as improvements in clinical behaviour and psychosis knowledge.
Can Climate‐Induced Changes in Freshwater Game Fish Abundance Be Inferred From Digital Catch Log Data?
Authors: McDonald Zachary , Weir Jessica , Berland Adam , Skov Christian , Hyder Kieran , Venturelli Paul
Published: February 2025

The growing popularity of digital catch logs may present a low‐cost opportunity to monitor climate change effects on the distribution and relative abundance of game fishes over large spatial scales. We analyzed data from a popular fishing app to identify spatiotemporal trends in freshwater game fish catches throughout the contiguous the United States during 2015–2021. Warm‐water species became more common than cool‐water species in many locations. Increases in relative abundance tended to occur in northern range boundaries or non‐native ranges, and declines tended to occur at southern range boundaries. Although catch log data can be biased and results may reflect alternative phenomena operating or interacting at similarly large spatial scales (e.g., cultural eutrophication, changes in game fish popularity), climate change remains a viable explanation. Future research should further explore app data as a potential tool for monitoring game fish responses to climate change and other stressors over longer time frames and at multiple spatial scales.
Planted Forests in China Have Higher Drought Risk Than Natural Forests
Authors: Ma Longlong , Ma Jun , Yan Pu , Tian Feng , Peñuelas Josep , Rao Mukund Palat , Fu Yongshuo , Hu Zhenhong
Published: February 2025

To improve the environment and mitigate climate change, China has implemented ambitious projects for natural forest protection and expanded planted forests. However, increased climate variability has led to more frequent and severe droughts, exacerbating the decline of these forests. The drought risk of planted forests is rarely assessed by considering both resistance and resilience, and comparative analyses between natural and planted forests are lacking. Here, we compared drought resistance and resilience in natural and planted forests across China using satellite observations from 2001 to 2020 to understand which forests were at higher risk of drought. The results showed that planted forests exhibited lower drought resistance and resilience compared to natural forests, particularly in subtropical broad‐leaved evergreen forests and warm temperate deciduous broad‐leaved forests. Moreover, drought resistance in planted forests significantly increased, while resilience decreased during 2011–2020 compared to 2001–2010, suggesting a shift in the strategies of planted forests to cope with drought stress. The higher drought risk in planted forests compared to natural forests was mainly attributed to lower forest canopy height and poorer soil nutrients, which limited resistance, and lower canopy height and severe drought characteristics (severity, duration, and frequency), which reduced resilience. These results underscore the higher potential risk of drought exposure in planted forests. To mitigate future drought impacts on planted forests under climate change, enhanced management strategies, including the preservation of natural forests and augmentation of structural diversity in planted forests, are imperative.
Dyspareunia and pelvic pain in women with chronic migraine: A retrospective, observational analysis
Authors: Smirnoff Liza , Moskatel Leon S.
Published: February 2025

Background

Dyspareunia and pelvic pain are commonly comorbid conditions with migraine, with chronic migraine potentially contributing to the exacerbation of sexual dysfunction and pain.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of female patients seen at the Stanford Headache Clinic between January 1, 2022, and March 24, 2024, for the management of chronic migraine for dyspareunia and pelvic pain and stratified for comorbidities related to both conditions.

Results

Patients with chronic migraine were overall found to be at higher likelihood of having a comorbid pelvic pain condition after adjusting for age, race–ethnicity, and marital status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17–2.79, p < 0.001), with interstitial cystitis (aOR 3.04; 95% CI: 1.98–4.66, p < 0.001), vaginismus (aOR 2.51; 95% CI: 1.29–4.88, p = 0.007), dyspareunia (aOR 1.97; 95% CI: 1.57–2.49, p < 0.001), and vulvodynia (aOR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.04–3.40, p = 0.036) all increased in the chronic migraine population. Furthermore, conditions that are commonly comorbid with migraine, such as irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, and mood disorders, independently contributed to increased risk of pelvic pain conditions and dyspareunia.

Conclusions

Conditions that cause pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction in women are disproportionally common in women with chronic migraine and may contribute to disability and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Early screening for disorders of pelvic pain in patients with chronic migraine and appropriate referrals can improve the quality of life of these patients.