bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El còmic i l’exili del 1939: des de la retirada fins a la diàspora i la resistència armada
Authors: Collado Cerveró Francisco , Garcia Raffi Josep V.
Published: January 2022

En els còmics publicats a Espanya al llarg d’aquests darrers anys, es representa amb més freqüència la retirada de les tropes republicanes i de la població civil entre les acaballes del 1938 i els primers mesos del 1939. Títols com ara Los surcos del azar, Exilio, Las serpientes ciegas, El arte de volar, ‘Winnipeg’: el barco de Neruda, Un largo silencio i Deportado 4443 en són una bona mostra. El contingut temàtic dels volums que tractem —més de trenta— abraça, a més de la retirada al segon exili, la resistència armada a la dictadura des de fora i dins del país i els camps de concentració francesos i els d’extermini nazis. Oferim una panoràmica descriptiva i temàtica del nostre corpus d’obres amb algunes anotacions sobre els seus trets generals i el llenguatge graficoliterari que utilitzen.
Integration of information resources of situational centers
Authors: Simankov Vladimir Sergeevich , Drilenko Maxim Vladimirovich
Published: January 2022

The existing approaches towards formation of a single information space for accessing from various information resources are not effective enough from the economic and operational perspective. The subject of this research is the information assets from different sources used for the work of intelligent situational centers. The goal lies in the development of methodology for unification of such resources into a single information space, which is essential for the processing of large volumes of unstructured and poorly structured information. The article explores the models and types of data, information space of the activity for determining the end type of data representation, and the algorithm of transitioning from the object to NoSQL model. As a result of the conducted research, the author built a new information structure of the intelligent situational center. The proposed methodology for the formation of physical data models is compatible with the four types of NoSQL databases: columns, documents, graphs, and a key value. The data models (conceptual, logical, and physical) used in the developed process comply with the meta-models: from conceptual to logical stage, followed by from logical to physical stage. The offered solution should be implemented in the form of a hardware-in-the-loop complex that utilizes the described methodology for integrating the information flows from various situational centers. This would ensure the adaptive dynamic transformation of incoming data and their further use within the situational center.
RiceChain: secure and traceable rice supply chain framework using blockchain technology
Authors: Yakubu Bello Musa , Latif Rabia , Yakubu Aisha , Khan Majid Iqbal , Magashi Auwal Ibrahim
Published: January 2022

The increasing number of rice product safety issues and the potential for contamination have established an enormous need for an effective strategy for the traceability of the rice supply chain. Tracing the origins of a rice product from raw materials to end customers is very complex and costly. Existing food supply chain methods (for example, rice) do not provide a scalable and cost-effective means of agricultural food supply. Besides, consumers lack the capability and resources required to check or report on the quality of agricultural goods in terms of defects or contamination. Consequently, customers are forced to decide whether to utilize or discard the goods. However, blockchain is an innovative framework capable of offering a transformative solution for the traceability of agricultural products and food supply chains. The aim of this paper is to propose a framework capable of tracking and monitoring all interactions and transactions between all stakeholders in the rice chain ecosystem through smart contracts. The model incorporates a system for customer satisfaction feedback, which enables all stakeholders to get up-to-date information on product quality, enabling them to make more informed supply chain decisions. Each transaction is documented and stored in the public ledger of the blockchain. The proposed framework provides a safe, efficient, reliable, and effective way to monitor and track rice products safety and quality especially during product purchasing. The security and performance analysis results shows that the proposed framework outperform the benchmark techniques in terms of cost-effectiveness, security and scalability with low computational overhead.
Extra high superoxide dismutase in host tissue is associated with improving bleaching resistance in “thermal adapted” andDurusdinium trenchii-associating coral
Authors: Wang Jih-Terng , Wang Yi-Ting , Chen Chaolun Allen , Meng Pei-Jei , Tew Kwee Siong , Chiang Pei-Wen , Tang Sen-Lin
Published: January 2022

Global warming threatens reef-building corals with large-scale bleaching events; therefore, it is important to discover potential adaptive capabilities for increasing their temperature resistance before it is too late. This study presents two coral species (Platygyra verweyiandIsopora palifera) surviving on a reef having regular hot water influxes via a nearby nuclear power plant that exhibited completely different bleaching susceptibilities to thermal stress, even though both species shared several so-called “winner” characteristics (e.g.,containingDurusdinium trenchii, thick tissue,etc.). During acute heating treatment, algal density did not decline inP. verweyicorals within three days of being directly transferred from 25 to 31 °C; however, the same treatment causedI.paliferato lose < 70% of its algal symbionts within 24 h. The most distinctive feature between the two coral species was an overwhelmingly higher constitutive superoxide dismutase (ca. 10-fold) and catalase (ca. 3-fold) inP. verweyioverI. palifera. Moreover,P. verweyialso contained significantly higher saturated and lower mono-unsaturated fatty acids, especially a long-chain saturated fatty acid (C22:0), thanI. palifera, and was consistently associated with the symbiotic bacteriaEndozoicomonas, which was not found inI. palifera. However, antibiotic treatment and inoculation tests did not supportEndozoicomonashaving a direct contribution to thermal resistance. This study highlights that, besides its association with a thermally tolerable algal symbiont, a high level of constitutive antioxidant enzymes in the coral host is crucial for coral survivorship in the more fluctuating and higher temperature environments.
The Development of E-Book Learning Media Based PBL
Authors: Ambarita Charles Fransiscus , Pandimun Ambarita Dody Feliks , Pardamean Simanullang Rotua Sahat , Pertiwi Sirait Dita Eka , Hutahaean Harvei Desmon
Published: January 2022

: Revolution 4.0 requires college students to be able to have skills in solving problems. The rapid development of technology and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic require the learning process is done online. This is certainly very different from the face-to-face learning process before the pandemic era. The object of this research is Learning Planning e-book based PBL. E-book developed using the Kvisoft Flipbook Maker application. Students' perceptions of the developed e-book learning media with Kvisoft Flipbook Maker application based PBL on Learning Planning course is included in the very good category with an average score of 4.34. While, regarding the effectiveness of the e-book learning media developed with the PBL-based Kvisoft Flipbook Maker application in the Lesson Planning course, there is an increase after using the e-book learning media compared with before using the e-book. After using the e-book learning media obtained a total of 2690 with an average 84.06 on the very good criteria but before using the e-book obtained a total of 1850 with an average of 57.81 being in the deficient criteria.
Effects of Quartzite on the Desiccation Cracks of Clayey Soils Exposed to Wetting-Drying Cycles
Authors: Yarbaş Necmi , Kalkan Ekrem
Published: January 2022

The compacted clayey soils crack on drying because of their high swelling potential, and their hydraulic conductivities increase. To solve this problem, it is essential to stabilize the clayey soils using additive materials. The aim of this study is to examine the suitability of quartzite as a stabilization material to reduce the development of desiccation cracks in compacted clayey liner and cover systems. Experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of wetting-drying cycles on the initiation and evolution of cracks in compacted clayey soils. For experimental studies, seven samples were prepared stabilized by using 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7,5%, 10%, 12,5% and 15% quartzite and then they were subjected to four subsequent wetting-drying cycles. The results show that quartzite decreases the development of desiccation cracks on the surface of compacted samples. It is concluded that quartzite as a geological material can be successfully used to reduce the development of desiccation cracks in compacted clayey liner and cover systems exposed wetting-drying cycles.
Design of a VTOL UAV for Anti-poaching Surveillance Missions in the Danube Delta
Authors: Andrei Negru Sorin , Manea Marilena , Jiga Gabriel
Published: January 2022

The main objective of the research paper is the theoretical and experimental analysis of the method proposed for sealing (clogging) cracks in asphalt, by means of a cylindrical bitumen bar, enriched with plastic and rubber granules (obtained from the use of waste), which melts and infuses into the cracked zone by rotation and friction against it. After analyzing the technical characteristics of the sealed area and the time required to apply the bitumen layer, this method can be chosen in the future to the detriment of the expensive operations of partial milling of the cracked wear layer, making possible the repair of cracks by sealing(clogging), using the friction procedure. The research results highlighted the diminution of road maintenance costs using the method of friction, the decrease of cracks repair time, maintaining the initial characteristics of the repaired area, incorporating a waterproofing material (plastic and rubbber granules from recycled waste), keeping the wear layer in good conditions, possibility of embedding an intelligent system of traffic monitoring at low costs etc.
Green shooting: análisis del discurso en la prensa de la producción audiovisual sostenible en España (2015-2019)
Authors:   ESIC Business & Marketing School, ESIC University, Roger-Monzó Vanessa
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el tratamiento de la prensa escrita sobre la producción audiovisual sostenible en España. Se realiza un análisis cuantitativo y textual de las noticias aparecidas en medios nacionales y en lengua española sobre producciones sostenibles entre 2015 y 2019. Se obtienen 108 registros. El análisis del corpus lingüístico se realiza mediante un software de análisis textual. Los resultados sugieren que las principales temáticas informativas se asocian, principalmente, a propuestas para reducir el impacto medioambiental de estas producciones, celebración de festivales de cine sostenible, utilización de obras audiovisuales para educar en valores ecológicos y divulgación de tendencias sostenibles en el sector audiovisual a nivel europeo.
GIS-based Fertility Assessment and Mapping for Agricultural Research Station, Tandur, Telangana, India
Authors: Rajamani Kasthuri , Sudhakar C. , Hari N. , Ramana M. Venkata
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to determine the soil fertility status of the Agricultural Research Station, Tandur of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Vikarabad District, Telangana. To identify the soil sampling points, GPS device was used and collected total of 60 soil samples on grid-based method at a depth of 0–15 cm. The collected samples were analyzed for pH, EC, OC, N, P2O5, K2O, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn status by following standard methods in the laboratory of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem, PJTSAU, Nagarkurnool District of Telangana, and Arc-GIS software was used further to prepare soil fertility maps. Around 37.5% of samples fall in neutral pH, whereas 62.5% samples were found as moderately alkaline reactions and entire farm soils were non-saline. Among the analyzed soil samples, 37.29% samples were in low organic carbon content, and rest of the samples i.e.,62.71% have medium organic carbon content and total samples were low in available N content (< 280 kg ha-1). The analyzed farm samples were medium to high in available phosphorus and potassium (28.67 & 71.33 % of P2O5 and 16.96 & 83.04 % of K2O respectively) content. In contrast, the micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe & Mn) exceeded their sufficiency level and suggested for amelioration measures to enhance research efficacy in the farm and to build future research strategies based on the determined soil fertility status.
Enviromental Risk Factors Associated with Primary Liver Cancer in Western Kenya: A Mini-review
Authors: Chemutai Evaline , Onyango David M. , Ayieko Cyrus , A. Owour Roselida
Published: January 2022

Primary Liver Cancer (PLC) is a global health burden, which is poorly addressed in developing countries. It is ranked the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with high incidence rates reported in Asia and Africa. Currently, in Kenya, there is an upward trend of PLC cases reported with no confirmed causes. Furthermore, there is lack of sufficient knowledge on the prognosis mechanisms of PLC, despite some of its known risk factors being established. These additional factors, ranging from lifestyle choices to pre-existing environmental concomitants, could actually play role on the etiology of the disease yet remain unexplored. Due to this, there was a need on evaluating the impacts of exposure to environmental risk factors such as pesticides, food contaminated with aflatoxin, or harmful cyanobacteria algae blooms in regions where PLC is endemic. As a result, this mini-review, aimed at analyzing relevant epidemiological data on primary liver cancer underpinning the mechanism of action of environmental toxin as an emergent risk factor in Western Kenya. This was achieved through meta-synthesis analysis of the previous research findings, with the purpose of integrating their results to inform the present intrinsic case study. Among the many epidemiological studies associating PLC and environmental toxin as an emergent risk factor reviewed in the current study, environmental exposure to microcystin toxin was inferred to constitute a public health hazard due to the continued presence in drinking water sources. Majority of the epidemiological data are in support of the potential association between environmental microcystin toxins and Primary Liver cancer in developing countries. These findings can be used to edify the health and medical professionals at all levels of prevention, including the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease patients, also these findings can act as baseline data that is required for better and informed Lake management water quality.
Moodle Innovation Learning Technology for Medical Education: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Nataliia Lobach , Liudmyla Isychko , Mykhailivna Dymar Nataliia , Ivanna Vakaliuk , Olha Yuryk , Ivanivna Bokova Svitlana
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected the medical and pharmaceutical education globally by disrupting traditional educational practices such as classroom-based teaching. This necessitated implementation of a distance learning via online platforms by medical and pharmacy schools around the world, including Ukraine.

Aims: The short review aims at studying the global experience on use of innovative e-learning platform Moodle for distant medical and pharmaceutical education, figuring out its advantages and disadvantages for teaching medical/pharmacy students and healthcare professionals, and working out some recommendations for its further implementation in Ukrainian medical schools.

Methods: For this short review, the authors relied only on accredited and peer-reviewed resources with free access articles available, such as Pubmed. The searches identified 32 full-textual content articles, of which 19 had been included in this paper and submitted to a narrative review.

Results: The Moodle platform is successfully used for distant medical and pharmaceutical education worldwide, including both high and low income countries, to provide e-learning for medical/pharmacy students and healthcare professionals of different level of education, in the form of both online only courses and blended learning. The platform is a good alternative to conventional medical education with an ability to substitute hands-on teaching for video and audio materials. The potential issues related to its use include possible technical problems, i.e. insufficient technological support or Interment failure, and necessity for proper preparation of the medical and pharmacy teachers.

Conclusion: E-learning via Moodle can be easily accommodated in the medical curriculum and offer an adequate alternative to the traditional teaching and learning activities, including both theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquisition. Its potential benefits clearly overweigh possible problems involved. The Moodle platform is recommended for further wider practical application for providing e-learning to medical and pharmacy students and healthcare professionals in Ukraine.
Evaluation of the Bacteriological Quality of Milk Sold in Nnewi, Nigeria
Authors: Nnenna V. Ezugwu , Nneka R. Agbakoba
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Contamination of milk products can result to severe intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in man. This study was aimed at evaluating the bacteriological quality of various milk products sold in Nnewi. 

Materials and Methods: Using the Cluster sampling technique, 30 milk samples (5 pasteurized skimmed milk, 5 powdered infant milk formulas, 5 powdered milk, 5 unsweetened evaporated milk, 5 branded soya milk and 5 unbranded soya milk) were purchased randomly from different shops and hawkers around Nnewi. Sample processing was done by serially diluting samples in sterile 1% peptone water before plating onto Mannitol Salt Agar, Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar, Blood Agar, MacConkey and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar using the Pour-plate technique. Bacterial count and identification were done using standard bacteriological as well as molecular techniques.  The molecular techniques used were Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sanger Sequencing and BLAST analysis on the NCBI BLAST online.

Results: This showed that 15 (50%) out of 30 milk samples were contaminated to varying degrees with bacteria. Nine (9) samples showed the presence of Escherichia coli with 32.14% of all the milk samples tested. E. coli was present in skimmed milk (20%), evaporated milk (20%), branded soyamilk (40%) and unbranded soyamilk (100%) but was not isolated from Infant formula and Powder milk. Klebsiella spp. showed the second highest prevalence (28.57%) and was present in evaporated milk (20%), branded soyamilk (40%), unbranded soyamilk (100%). Salmonella spp. (3.57%) was isolated from unbranded soyamilk,Enterobacter spp. (14.29%) was isolated from powder milk and in unbranded  soyamilk samples, Staphylococcus aureus(3.57%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.57%) were isolated only in unbranded soyamilk, Macrococcus caseolyticus (3.57%) was isolated from unbranded soyamilk. Novel species such as Aquitalea magnusonii (3.57%), Alishewanella fetalis (3.57%) and Lysinibacillus macroides (3.57%) were identified by molecular analysis to be present in infant formula, evaporated milk and unbranded soyamilk respectively.

Conclusion: This research revealed that the bacteriological quality of some milk and milk products sold in Nnewi is not acceptable especially the unbranded soyamilk samples that showed gross contamination.
Asuu Strike and the Nigerian Governments: Implications on Students and Society in a Changing World
Authors: Chukwudi Ekene Celestina , Idowu Samuel Sunday
Published: January 2022

The impasse between the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) and the governments in Nigeria (state and federal) manifested in a repeated ASUU strikes, having implications on students and society in the contemporary changing world. Hence the study examines the adverse impacts of the strikes on university students and the society that embodies the stakeholders. The study discovered that the strikes are orchestrated largely by the union quest to protect its members’ welfare and swift greeting of any perceived unfriendly steps by the government with strike actions while the government fell short in funding and entrenching a right legal milieu for negotiation and regulation of ASUU. With the secondary sourced data from journals, newspapers, journals, books and the internet while underpinning the research with the social contract theory, the study concludes that the public university students are exposed and tempted to indulge in social vices, have a sense of being disadvantaged unlike their private colleagues, and the society developmental agenda is threatened because of the poor quality of graduates produced from the Ivory Tower. It recommends that government and ASUU should renegotiate their agreements while the former should also ramp up the budgetary funding allocation to the University amongst others.
Perancangan Buku Ilustrasi Anxiety Disorder sebagai Media Edukasi Bagi Usia 19-24 Tahun
Authors: Priyata Ardika , Waluyanto Heru Dwi , Zacky Aznar
Published: January 2022

Masalah anxiety disorder banyak mendapat stigma buruk dari masyarakat karena dikaitkan dengan kegilaan. Media untuk mempelajari anxiety disorder ini masih kurang diminati oleh masyarakat, mengakibatkan kurangnya wawasan masyarakat tentang masalah ini. Bentuk buku tebal dan padat membuat kesan intimidatif bagi orang yang ingin membacanya. Maka dari itu situasi ini memerlukan media yang dapat menarik minat orang untuk membacanya. Maka dari itu media yang dipilih adalah buku ilustrasi. Ilustrasi di sini akan dijadikan sebagai cara untuk menampilkan konsep anxiety disorder dalam wujud visual. Konsep tentang macam-macam tipe anxiety disorder akan dijelaskan melalui narasi karakter. Target audiens merupakan masyarakat berusia 19- 24 tahun. Dengan adanya media ini diharapkan dapat menarik minat, menambah wawasan, serta mengubah persepsi yang mengaitkan anxiety disorder dengan kegilaan dan pengasingan.
Makna Desain Undangan Pernikahan Kelas Menengah Atas
Authors: Pamela Apsari Wiba
Published: January 2022

Dalam merancang sebuah pesta pernikahan, pengantin dari kalangan kelas menengah atas akan mengutamakan sebuah kepuasan untuk mewujudkan dream wedding. Salah satu wujud dalam membuat pesta pernikahan dapat diamati melalui fenomena kreasi yang diterapkan dalam merancang tampilan visual undangan pernikahan. Desain undangan pernikahan berfungsi lebih dari sekedar penyampaian informasi acara pernikahan melainkan sebagai bentuk untuk mengekspresikan rasa bahagia sehingga tampilan visual menjadi hal yang dianggap penting pada proses perancangan. Dalam setiap elemen desain undangan pernikahan diyakini memiliki simbol mengenai status ekonomi, hierarki dalam kehidupan sosial serta kepercayaan yang berhubungan dengan kebudayaan dan juga keagamaan. Penelitian ini mengitepretasikan sebuah makna denotatif, konotatif dan mitos dibalik desain undangan pernikahan kelas menengah atas dengan metode kualitatif menggunakan teori semiotika Roland Barthes. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel desain undangan pernikahan yang merupakan sebuah studio desain yang merepresentasikan undangan pernikahan kalangan menengah atas. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan desain yang bergaya elegan dan modern dari undangan pernikahan kelas menengah atas yang menunjukan simbol status sosial yang bersifat duniawi namun juga menunjukan simbol kepercayaan yang bersifat agama dan budaya.
Theotokos (Virgin Mary)
Authors: Peltomaa Leena Mari
Published: January 2022

Theotokos (“The one who gave birth to God”) is an epithet of the Virgin Mary. Its use was challenged by Nestorius on the grounds that no created being could give birth to God, but endorsed at the Council of Ephesos in 431 for soteriological reasons, namely because Jesus was both God and man.
The Molecular Mechanisms Through Which Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myelin Regeneration
Authors: Clark Kaitlin C. , Wang David , Kumar Priyadarsini , Mor Sirjan , Kulubya Edwin , Lazar Sabrina V. , Wang Aijun
Published: January 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating degenerative disease characterized by an immunological attack on the myelin sheath leading to demyelination and axon degeneration. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become attractive targets as therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as MS due to their potent immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. The placenta is a unique source of MSCs (PMSCs), demonstrates “fetomaternal” tolerance during pregnancy, and serves as a novel source of MSCs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PMSCs and PMSC‐EVs have been shown to promote remyelination in animal models of MS, however, the molecular mechanisms by which modulation of autoimmunity and promotion of myelination occurs have not been well elucidated. The current review will address the molecular mechanisms by which PMSC‐EVs can promote remyelination in MS.
Improved Continuous Inkjet for Selective Area Coating Using High‐Viscosity Insulating Inks
Authors: Phung Thanh Huy , Kwon Kye-Si
Published: January 2022

While drop‐on‐demand (DOD) inkjet has been broadening its applications, especially in manufacturing sectors such as printed electronics, continuous inkjet (CIJ) has been limited to use in conventional graphics and marking areas. So far, there have been few attempts to use functional materials in CIJ printing despite the advantages of its high‐speed printing capability and relatively low implementation costs. Herein, the performance of CIJ in terms of printable ink viscosity, print area, and printing speed is significantly improved. For demonstration, selective area printing methods using insulation inks are presented. The selective area coating is very difficult to implement since charged droplets becoming closer together can increase undesirable charge repulsion effects among them. To reduce the charge interaction among the charged droplets and maximize the printing efficiency, a new voltage driving scheme for selective area coating applications is proposed.
Synergistic Electronic and Pore Structure Modulation in Open Carbon Nanocages Enabling Efficient Electrocatalytic Production of H2O2 in Acidic Medium
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhou Yitong , Feng Yi , Yu Xin‐Yao
Published: January 2022

Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through 2e– oxygen reduction reaction is an effective approach to replace anthraquinone process. However, most reported electrocatalysts work effectively in alkaline medium in which H2O2 will easily decompose into water. It is still of great challenge to develop cost‐effective electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for electrocatalytic H2O2 production in acidic media. Herein, it is first theoretically demonstrated that the adsorption energy of OOH* intermediate on carbon can be optimized by embedding Co nanoparticles (Co NPs) and tuning oxygen‐containing functional groups, ensuring high activity and selectivity. Guided by density functional theory calculations, highly porous open carbon nanocages with embedded Co NPs are designed and synthesized by template‐engaged method. The pyrolysis temperature can effectively modulate the electronic and pore structure of carbon nanocages. Impressively, the optimized carbon nanocages synthesized at 700 °C (P‐Co@C‐700) with highest percentage of –C–O–C group and defects, largest specific surface area (1351 m2 g–1), and mesoporous structure exhibit high selectivity up to 94% toward H2O2 production in 0.1 m HClO4. Furthermore, the P‐Co@C‐700 nanocages display promising application for efficient electro‐Fenton degradation of model organic pollutant.
Anchoring Sub‐Nanometer Pt Clusters on Crumpled Paper‐Like MXene Enables High Hydrogen Evolution Mass Activity
Authors: Wu Yucai , Wei Wei , Yu Ruohan , Xia Lixue , Hong Xufeng , Zhu Jiexin , Li Jiantao , Lv Lei , Chen Wei , Zhao Yan , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang
Published: January 2022

Platinum (Pt)‐based electrocatalysts are the benchmark catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER); however, they are limited by the scarcity and high price. Introducing an adequate substrate to disperse and anchor Pt‐based species is a feasible pathway to improve the utilization efficiency. Herein, a quick and continuous spray drying route is proposed to fabricate 3D crumpled Ti3C2Tx MXene loaded with sub‐nanometer platinum clusters (Pt/MXene). The 3D crumpled structure inhibits the restacking of layered MXene nanosheets and guarantees the fully exposure of Pt clusters. The as‐prepared catalyst exhibits excellent HER performances comparable to commercial Pt/C, including a low overpotential of 34 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a superior mass activity (1847 mA mgPt−1), a small Tafel slope (29.7 mV dec−1), and a high turnover frequency (10.66 H2 s−1). The improved activity of Pt/MXene can be attributed to the charge transfer from Pt clusters to MXene, which weakens the hydrogen adsorption, as evidenced by the density functional theory calculations. The present contribution proposes a novel strategy to anchor low‐mass‐loading sub‐nanometer precious metal clusters on crumpled MXene with fully exposed active sites for catalysis.
Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Progressive Deposition Techniques and Future Prospects on Large‐Area Fabrication
Authors: Zhao Qian , Han Rui , Marshall Ashley R. , Wang Shuo , Wieliczka Brian M. , Ni Jian , Zhang Jianjun , Yuan Jianyu , Luther Joseph M. , Hazarika Abhijit , Li Guo‐Ran
Published: January 2022

Colloidally grown nanosized semiconductors yield extremely high‐quality optoelectronic materials. Many examples have pointed to near perfect photoluminescence quantum yields, allowing for technology‐leading materials such as high purity color centers in display technology. Furthermore, because of high chemical yield, and improved understanding of the surfaces, these materials, particularly colloidal quantum dots (QDs) can also be ideal candidates for other optoelectronic applications. Given the urgent necessity toward carbon neutrality, electricity from solar photovoltaics will play a large role in the power generation sector. QDs are developed and shown dramatic improvements over the past 15 years as photoactive materials in photovoltaics with various innovative deposition properties which can lead to exceptionally low‐cost and high‐performance devices. Once the key issues related to charge transport in optically thick arrays are addressed, QD‐based photovoltaic technology can become a better candidate for practical application. In this article, the authors show how the possibilities of different deposition techniques can bring QD‐based solar cells to the industrial level and discuss the challenges for perovskite QD solar cells in particular, to achieve large‐area fabrication for further advancing technology to solve pivotal energy and environmental issues.
Magnetic Domain Confined Printing of Programmable Organic Microcrystal Assemblies for Information Encryption
Authors: Yin Baipeng , Jia Hao , Chen Rui , Chang Qingda , Feng Jiangang , Gao Hanfei , Wu Yuchen , Jiang Lei , Zhang Chuang
Published: January 2022

Large‐scale assembly of organic micro/nanocrystals into well‐defined patterns with programmable structures is essential for applications such as information encryption at both high data density and high security level. Here, a magnetic‐field‐assisted approach that produces programmable assemblies of organic microcrystals with various shapes and orientations, using the magnetic domains of the underlying ferromagnetic metal microarrays as the printing templates, is developed. The diamagnetic microcrystals tend to aggregate in the regions of minimal field strength, and thus their assembly behavior is precisely controlled by the local field distribution on top of magnetic domains on substrate. The dynamic assembly process of microcrystal assemblies can be programmed upon the sequence of applied field, and their shape changes are ≈100% reproducible on a large scale (>20 000 sites over 1 cm2). These features of magnetically programmable assemblies are ideally suited for information encryption, for which the encryption–decryption–erasing of multilevel information from a QR‐code pattern based on the microcrystal assemblies under magnetic field is demonstrated.
Targeting the RT loop of Src SH3 in Platelets Prevents Thrombosis without Compromising Hemostasis
Authors: Mao Jianhua , Zhu Kongkai , Long Zhangbiao , Zhang Huimin , Xiao Bing , Xi Wenda , Wang Yun , Huang Jiansong , Liu Jingqiu , Shi Xiaofeng , Jiang Hao , Lu Tian , Wen Yi , Zhang Naixia , Meng Qian , Zhou Hu , Ruan Zheng , Wang Jin , Luo Cheng , Xi Xiaodong
Published: January 2022

Conventional antiplatelet agents indiscriminately inhibit both thrombosis and hemostasis, and the increased bleeding risk thus hampers their use at more aggressive dosages to achieve adequate effect. Blocking integrin αIIbβ3 outside‐in signaling by separating the β3/Src interaction, yet to be proven in vivo, may nonetheless resolve this dilemma. Identification of a specific druggable target for this strategy remains a fundamental challenge as Src SH3 is known to be responsible for binding to not only integrin β3 but also the proteins containing the PXXP motif. In vitro and in vivo mutational analyses show that the residues, especially E97, in the RT loop of Src SH3 are critical for interacting with β3. DCDBS84, a small molecule resulting from structure‐based virtual screening, is structurally validated to be directed toward the projected target. It specifically disrupts β3/Src interaction without affecting canonical PXXP binding and thus inhibits the outside‐in signaling‐regulated platelet functions. Treatment of mice with DCDBS84 causes a profound inhibition of thrombosis, equivalent to that induced by extremely high doses of αIIbβ3 antagonist, but does not compromise primary hemostasis. Specific targets are revealed for a preferential inhibition of thrombosis that may lead to new classes of potent antithrombotics without hemorrhagic side effects.
Dissipative Organization of DNA Oligomers for Transient Catalytic Function
Authors: Deng Jie , Liu Wei , Sun Mo , Walther Andreas
Published: January 2022

The development of synthetic non‐equilibrium systems opens doors for man‐made life‐like materials. Yet, creating distinct transient functions from artificial fuel‐driven structures remains a challenge. Building on our ATP‐driven dynamic covalent DNA assembly in an enzymatic reaction network of concurrent ATP‐powered ligation and restriction, we introduce ATP‐fueled transient organization of functional subunits for various functions. The programmability of the ligation/restriction site allows to precisely organize multiple sticky‐end‐encoded oligo segments into double‐stranded (ds) DNA complexes. We demonstrate principles of ATP‐driven organization into sequence‐defined oligomers by sensing barcode‐embedded targets with different defects. Furthermore, ATP‐fueled DNAzymes for substrate cleavage are achieved by transiently ligating two DNAzyme subunits into a dsDNA complex, rendering ATP‐fueled transient catalytic function.
Dissymmetric Chiral Poly(diphenylacetylene)s: Secondary Structure Elucidation and Dynamic Luminescence
Authors: Tarrío Juan José , Rodríguez Rafael , Fernández Berta , Quiñoá Emilio , Freire Félix
Published: January 2022

The secondary structure of a dissymmetric and chiral poly(diphenylacetylene) (PDPA) is elucidated by combining the data from NMR experiments (regioregular head to tail structure), Raman and IR studies (E configuration of the polyene double bonds), and high‐resolution AFM images (helical pitch, packing angle and orientation of the external helix). As a result, an E‐transoidal polyene backbone describing three coaxial helices is obtained. Theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) studies of the structure show a good correspondence between experimental and theoretical data and allow one to decipher that the first Cotton band is generated by the poly(diphenylacetylene) core and not only by the polyene backbone. The dynamic behavior of poly‐(S)‐2 is also demonstrated by a helix inversion effect produced by conformational changes at the pendant groups when annealed in solvents with different donor abilities. This phenomenon is accompanied by an inversion of the circular polarized luminescence of the PDPA (CPL switch).
Binary Solvent Regulated Architecture of Ultra‐Microporous Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks with Tunable Polarization for Highly‐Selective Gas Separation
Authors: Ding Xiaojun , Liu Zeyu , Zhang Yusheng , Ye Gang , Jia Jianfeng , Chen Jing
Published: January 2022

A binary solvent synthetic strategy is proposed for the construction of C2‐symmetric molecule‐based hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with permanent ultra‐micropores and surface polarization derived from tunable coplanar open oxygen atoms. The activated HOFs BTBA‐1 a and PTBA‐1 a show highly selective separation of CO2/N2 with a record high ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) selectivity >2000 under ambient temperature and pressure.
Novel Quinolizine AIE System: Visualization of Molecular Motion and Elaborate Tailoring for Biological Application**
Authors: He Benzhao , Huang Jiachang , Zhang Jianyu , Sung Herman H. Y. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Zhang Zhijun , Yan Saisai , Wang Dong , Zhang Jing , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2022

Molecular motions are ubiquitous in nature and they immutably play intrinsic roles in all actions. However, exploring appropriate models to decipher molecular motions is an extremely important but very challenging task for researchers. Considering aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens possess their unique merits to visualize molecular motions, it is particularly fascinating to construct new AIE systems as models to study molecular motion. Herein, a novel quinolizine (QLZ) AIE system was constructed based on the restriction intramolecular vibration (RIV) mechanism. It was demonstrated that QLZ could act as an ideal model to visualize single‐molecule motion and macroscopic molecular motion via fluorescence change. Additionally, further elaborate tailoring of this impressive core achieved highly efficient reactive oxygen species production and realized fluorescence imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy applications, which confirms the great application potential of this new AIE‐active QLZ core. Therefore, this work not only provides an ideal model to visualize molecular motion but also opens a new way for the application of AIEgens.
Synthesis and investigation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of new pyrazinopyrroloazepine derivatives using Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO@MWCNT MNCs as organometallic nanocatalyst by new MCRs
Authors: Soleimani Amiri Somayeh , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Azizi Zahra
Published: January 2022

In this study, we synthesized pyrazinopyrroloazepine derivatives in high yields using multicomponent reactions of isatoic anhydride, N‐methylimidazole, alkyl bromides, activated acetylenic compounds, ethyl glycinate and methyl aziridine in the presence of Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO@MWCNT as a high performance catalyst in water at room temperature. The Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO@MWCNT synthesizes using Petasites hybridus rhizome water extract as a green media and moderate base. As well Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO@MWCNT MNCs show a good improvement in the yield of the product and displayed significant reusable activity. Investigation of antioxidant ability of synthesized compounds using radical trapping of diphenyl‐picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and ferric reduction power experiment is another purpose in this research. Because of having two NH groups in the synthesized compounds, these compounds shown the good antioxidant activity relative two standards. Compound 7c was shown excellent antioxidant activity. Also, the antimicrobial activity of some synthesized compounds proved by employing the disk diffusion test on gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. The pyrazinopyrroloazepines 7a, 7c, 7d and 7f have the maximum effect on Escherichia coli compared with gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria because of good inhibition zone diameter. This procedure has some benefits such as short reaction time, product with excellent yields, simple catalyst and products separation.
Synthesis and catalytic application of a curcumin‐based bio‐MOF in one‐pot preparation of tetrahydroquinazolinone derivatives via Biginelli reaction
Authors: Movaheditabar Parviz , Javaherian Mohammad , Nobakht Valiollah
Published: January 2022

In this work, a new curcumin‐based bidentate linker ligand, CurOAc, including two –COO−moieties at positions‐4 in phenyl rings, was designed, synthesized, and characterized. Accordingly, its corresponding zinc‐organic framework, Zn‐CurOAc, as a bio‐metal–organic framework (MOF) has been prepared and evaluated in the one‐pot three‐component Biginelli condensation reaction of substituted aromatic aldehydes, urea, and dimedone in ethanol. Zn‐CurOAc shows an excellent catalytic performance for the synthesis of tetrahydroquinazolinone derivatives at room temperature with high turnover frequency (TOF) values (5.43–10.86 h−1). The chemical structure of Zn‐CurOAc was characterized by fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. This new catalytic approach was proceeded by the excellent isolated yields, short reaction times, and easy workup.
Performance evaluation on particle‐reinforced rigid/flexible composites via fused deposition modeling3Dprinting
Authors: Zhou Ning , Yang Shuochen , Liu Yanyue , Tuo Xiaohang , Gong Yumei , Guo Jing
Published: January 2022

The diversity of filament consumables is the basis for developing of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing industry. At the same time, the blending of matrix materials and the addition of reinforcing materials are the manufacturing difficulties of this composite 3D printing consumable. In this article, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) composites were manufactured to systematically study the characteristics and laws of these composites. Both the rigid matrix PLA and the flexible matrix TPU played advantages in multi‐component composites, while the blended matrix balanced their characteristics. OMMT added with 5% wt not only improved the mechanical and thermal properties of matrix materials but also affected the processability and practicability of composite consumables. The distribution of OMMT particles in the composites was quantitatively analyzed through image processing technology. PLA/TPU/OMMT FDM 3D printed samples as a representative composite system were selected to evaluate the general performance of particle‐reinforced 3D printed composites, and to provide reference for the research and development based on this type of 3D printed products.
Eomes and T‐bet, a dynamic duo regulating NK cell differentiation
Authors: Zhang Jiang , Rousseaux Noémi , Walzer Thierry
Published: January 2022

T‐bet and Eomes are two related transcription factors (TFs) that regulate the differentiation of cytotoxic lymphocytes such as Natural Killer (NK) cells and CD8 T cells. Recent genome‐wide analyses suggest they have complementary roles in instructing the transcriptional program of NK cells, although their DNA binding sites appear to be very similar. In this essay, we discuss the mechanisms that could specify their action, addressing their expression profile, the cofactors they interact with, as well as their roles in the epigenetic regulation of chromatin accessibility. Based on the recent literature on these TFs, we propose different models to describe how they regulate gene expression in NK cells at steady state, or in the context of activation or exhaustion. We also discuss recent findings in the field of CD8 T cell differentiation and residency, where Eomes and T‐bet appear to be major regulators, and the parallels that can be drawn between mechanisms of NK and CD8 T cell differentiation and trafficking.
Strategies for Interference of Insulin Fibrillogenesis: Challenges and Advances
Authors: Sen Shantanu , Ali Rafat , Onkar Akanksha , Ganesh Subramaniam , Verma Sandeep
Published: January 2022

The discovery of insulin came with very high hopes for diabetic patients. In 2021, the world celebrated the 100th anniversary of the discovery of this vital hormone. However, external use of insulin is highly affected by its aggregating tendency that occurs during its manufacturing, transportation, and improper handling which ultimately leads to its pharmaceutically and biologically ineffective form. In this review, we aim to discuss the various approaches used for decelerating insulin aggregation which results in the enhancement of its overall structural stability and usage. The approaches that are discussed are broadly classified as either a measure through excipient additions or by intrinsic modifications in the insulin native structure.
Effect of Alkynyl Group on Reactivity in Photoaffinity Labeling with 2‐Thienyl‐Substituted α‐Ketoamide
Authors: Moriyama Takahiro , Mizukami Daiki , Yoritate Makoto , Usui Kazuteru , Takahashi Daisuke , Ota Eisuke , Sodeoka Mikiko , Ueda Tadashi , Karasawa Satoru , Hirai Go
Published: January 2022

Minimalist photo‐reactive probes, which consist of a photo‐reactive group and a tag for detection of target proteins, are useful tools in chemical biology. Although several diazirine‐based and aryl azide‐based minimalist probes are available, no keto‐based minimalist probe has yet been reported. Here we describe minimalist probes based on a 2‐thienyl‐substituted α‐ketoamide bearing an alkyne group on the thiophene ring. The 3‐alkyne probe showed the highest photo‐affinity labeling efficiency.
An Incremental System To Predict the Effect of Different London Dispersion Donors in All‐meta‐Substituted Azobenzenes
Authors: Di Berardino Chiara , Strauss Marcel A. , Schatz Dominic , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: January 2022

Predictive models based on incremental systems exist for many chemical phenomena, thus allowing easy estimates. Despite their low magnitude in isolated systems London dispersion interactions are ubiquitous in manifold situations ranging from solvation to catalysis or in biological systems. Based on our azobenzene system, we systematically determined the London dispersion donor strength of the alkyl substituents Me, Et, iPr up to tBu. Based on this data, we were able to implement an incremental system for London dispersion for the azobenzene scheme. We propose an equation that allows the prediction of the effect of change of substituents on London dispersion interactions in azobenzenes, which has to be validated in similar molecular arrangements in the future.