bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mulheres das ciências médicas e da saúde e publicações brasileiras sobre Covid-19
Authors: Aquino Estela M. L , Diele-Viegas Luisa Maria , Pilecco Flávia Bulegon , Reis Ana Paula , Menezes Greice Maria de Souza
Published: November 2021

RESUMO Apesar do aumento histórico da participação feminina na produção científica brasileira, reconfigurações domésticas e laborais para o controle da Covid-19 podem estar reduzindo a produtividade das mulheres cientistas. A pesquisa GenCovid-Br objetivou traçar um panorama da participação feminina nos artigos sobre Covid-19 das ciências médicas e da saúde, disponibilizados no PubMed, com ao menos um autor de filiação brasileira. Das 1.013 publicações até 14 de agosto de 2020, 6,1% foram escritas exclusivamente por mulheres; 17,2%, exclusivamente por homens; grupos mistos respondem por 31,1% com liderança feminina, e 45,6% com liderança masculina. As mulheres participam mais de artigos com primeira autoria feminina (50,1% vs 35,6% nos liderados por homens). Nos artigos de áreas da Medicina Clínica, em que as mulheres são maioria, ocorre menos participação de autoras, o que também acontece em publicações resultantes de colaborações internacionais. Os presentes resultados indicam a possibilidade de ampliação de desigualdades de gênero prévias durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Novos estudos devem aprofundar a investigação sobre a magnitude e os determinantes desse fenômeno, incluindo análises temporais. As políticas institucionais devem considerar as iniquidades de gênero nas avaliações acadêmicas, prevenindo impactos futuros nas carreiras das mulheres, em particular, das jovens pesquisadoras envolvidas na reprodução social.
Pandemia de COVID-19 e violência doméstica na conjuntura sociopolítica brasileira
Authors: Gomes Maria Carmen Aires , Carvalho Alexandra Bittencourt de
Published: November 2021

Resumo: Em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19, o isolamento social torna-se medida importante para determos o novo coronavírus que assola o mundo. Ao mesmo tempo, tal medida esbarra em uma realidade: a violência contra as mulheres que, em sua maioria, ocorre dentro de casa. O objetivo do artigo é promover uma análise discursivo-crítica da conjuntura brasileira que atravessa a violência doméstica em tempos de pandemia, relacionando-a às respostas do governo brasileiro e do Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos para combatê-la. A análise revela que tais respostas estão calcadas em um viés ideológico sustentado, principalmente, pela noção de família nuclear e pela negação do gênero, o que dificulta não só as ações concretas e eficazes para coibir a violência, como também desconsidera as intersecções de raça, classe e gênero, fundamentais para a produção de políticas públicas.
Maternidade, paternidade e vida acadêmica: impactos e percepções de mães e pais estudantes de medicina
Authors: Brito Quécia Hosana Fatel , Avena Katia de Miranda , Portilho Evelise Maria Labatut , Pereira Mariana Araújo , Quintanilha Luiz Fernando
Published: November 2021

Resumo: Introdução: Aspectos pessoais, como a maternidade e a paternidade podem representar grandes desafios acadêmicos e profissionais, uma vez que requerem tempo, envolvimento afetivo, atenção e cuidado. Principalmente no curso de Medicina, caracterizado pela extensa rotina de estudos e carga horária, essa conjuntura pode ser ainda mais impactante. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o impacto da maternidade/paternidade no rendimento acadêmico de estudantes de Medicina, e analisar as principais percepções, motivações e desafios deles durante a formação médica. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quanti-qualitativo de abordagem descritiva e analítica que avaliou o perfil e as percepções de 85 mães/pais estudantes de Medicina em todo o país. Como instrumento de coleta, foi empregado um formulário virtual, semiestruturado, contendo questões sociodemográficas de única escolha e de percepções utilizando a escala Likert. A fim de avaliar o impacto da maternidade/paternidade no rendimento acadêmico, parte dos respondentes de uma das instituições avaliadas teve seus rendimentos acadêmicos obtidos para a comparação com amostras aleatórias e não identificadas de estudantes sem filhos da mesma instituição. Resultado: Os estudantes possuem clareza e não se arrependem de suas escolhas pessoais (93%), têm orgulho de ser mãe/pai universitários (93%) e ressaltam a importância e essencialidade da rede de apoio (88%). Ao serem questionados quanto ao rendimento acadêmico, as mães e os pais estudantes de Medicina expressaram limitação na compatibilidade dos afazeres e responsabilidades pessoais e profissionais (42%) e relataram que as obrigações parentais comprometem o rendimento no curso de Medicina (53%). Neste âmbito, porém, nossos dados apontam para um rendimento acadêmico de mães e pais similar aos de estudantes sem filhos. Conclusão: Os estudantes de Medicina com filhos, apesar de relatarem limitação na capacidade de associar os afazeres e as responsabilidades pessoais e acadêmicas, não se arrependem das suas escolhas e têm orgulho de exercer a dupla função. Além disso, eles apresentam rendimento acadêmico semelhante ao de estudantes sem filhos, apesar de acreditarem que as obrigações da maternidade/paternidade comprometem o seu rendimento acadêmico. Destacam-se a essencialidade da rede de apoio para realização das atividades acadêmicas e a uniformidade dessas percepções entre variáveis como sexo, estado civil e ciclo acadêmico.
“Descolonizar o nosso corpo”: ginecologia natural e a produção de conhecimento sobre corpo, sexualidade e processos reprodutivos femininos no Brasil
Authors: Dieguez Roberta Siqueira Mocaiber , Alzuguir Fernanda de Carvalho Vecchi , Nucci Marina Fisher
Published: November 2021

Resumo Recentemente, popularizaram-se grupos de mulheres na internet e em encontros presenciais com o objetivo de compartilhar informações sobre sexualidade, reprodução, corpo feminino e seus processos de tratamento e cura. Esse ideário, em geral intitulado de “Ginecologia Natural”, parte da crítica à medicalização - que teria retirado das mulheres a autonomia sobre si, mantendo-as suscetíveis ao controle sobre seus corpos. Assim, os grupos valorizam aspectos associados ao feminino, mantendo inquestionado, contudo, o primado da diferença entre os gêneros e a noção de uma “natureza feminina” ancorada em um corpo biológico. A partir de uma pesquisa documental de manuais e materiais de referência sobre Ginecologia Natural coletados em dois grupos, este artigo reflete acerca da relação entre os movimentos de mulheres e o ideário da Ginecologia Natural, analisando as concepções sobre corpo, processos reprodutivos, e sexualidade femininos do ideário.
Clustering and switching in verbal fluency: a comparison between control and individuals with brain damage
Authors: Pagliarin Karina Carlesso , Fernandes Eduarda Giovelli , Muller Maryndia Diehl , Portalete Caroline Rodrigues , Fonseca Rochele Paz , Altmann Raira Fernanda
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the performance and strategies used by control subjects and patients with unilateral brain damage on phonemic and semantic Verbal Fluency tasks. Methods The sample consisted of 104 participants divided into four groups (26 with left hemisphere damage and aphasia- LHDa, 28 with left hemisphere damage and no aphasia- LHDna, 25 with right hemisphere damage- RHD and 25 neurologically healthy control subjects). All participants were administered the phonemic (“M” letter-based) and semantic (animals) verbal fluency tasks from the Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment Battery (MTL-BR). Results Patients in the LHDa group showed the worst performance (fewer words produced, fewer clusters and switches) in both types of fluency task. RHD group showed fewer switching productions when compared with controls and LHDna had fewer words productions than controls in the first 30 seconds block. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the LHDa group obtained lower scores in most measures of SVF and PVF when compared to the other groups.
Influence of rainfall and design criteria on performance of rainwater harvesting systems placed in different Brazilian climatological conditions
Authors: Perius Carla Fernanda , Tassi Rutineia , Lamberti Lucas Alves , Silva Angélica Guimarães da , Böck Liriane Élen
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Using rainwater harvesting (RWH) system is influenced by socioeconomic, environmental and technical factors. This work presents as analysis of the influence of the rainfall time series characteristics and design criteria on RWH performance of five Brazilian capitals with different climatic characteristic: Goiânia, João Pessoa, Manaus, Porto Alegre and São Paulo. The analysis combined different rooftop areas, storage volumes and the indoor and outdoor demands. Rainfall temporal discretization and the types of demands were the most important characteristics when assessing RWH reliability. Daily rainfall data were suitable for sizing the RWH, the time series length influenced the sizing of larger storage volumes, and the RWH efficiency was not significantly affected by the first-flush. Toilet flushing and the irrigation demands had the greatest impact on RWH performance. The greatest potentials for the implementation of RWH were observed for Porto Alegre, because of well distributed rainfall throughout the year, and for Manaus owing to higher annual volumes of precipitation. These results highlight relevant aspects that must be observed during the conception and design of RWH, complementing the guidelines provided in the Brazilian technical standards.
Application of electrical fields to reduce chloride ingress into concrete structures
Authors: Driessen-Ohlenforst Carla , Raupach Michael
Published: November 2021

In the context of a joint research project, a system for monitoring, protection and strengthening of bridges by using a textile reinforced concrete interlayer has been developed; the system consists of two carbon layers with a spacing of 15 mm and a special mortar. This setup led to the idea of building up an electrical field between the carbon meshes, to suppress the ingress of chlorides into the concrete. This paper focuses on the question of which voltages and electrical field strengths are necessary to prevent critical chloride contents at the reinforcing steel. For this purpose, extensive laboratory tests have been performed, followed by a numerical simulation study. By applying an electrical field, the negatively charged chloride ions are forced to move to the upper carbon mesh, which is polarised as an anode. It has been investigated whether the voltages to implement an electrochemical chloride barrier are smaller than they have to be for the common preventive cathodic protection. One advantage of this chloride barrier is that, because of the lower current densities, the anodic polarisation of the carbon meshes can be reduced. Therefore, different voltages, electrical field strengths, anode materials and anode arrangements were investigated.
Determining middle school students' perceptions of the concept of artificial intelligence: A metaphor analysis
Authors: DEMİR Kadir , GÜRAKSIN Gür Emre
Published: November 2021

Apart from the fact that human-like robots are still one of the most interesting topics in science fiction, artificial intelligence (AI) continues to develop rapidly as a popular phenomenon for all sectors. Although the idea that this rapid rise of AI means the rise of humanity has been voiced by many, the point of how AI will affect humanity continues to raise doubts in certain parts of the society. In this study, it is aimed to determine the perceptions of middle school students, which are a part of the future of humanity, towards the concept of AI, on which many discussions have been made, through metaphors. The sample consisted of 339 seventh and eighth grade students of four secondary schools in the central districts of Afyonkarahisar and Izmir in the 2019-2020 academic year. This study used a qualitative approach utilizing metaphor analysis as a research tool to investigate phenomena. Participants were asked the complete the sentence “Artificial intelligence is like.................., because ..................” Data were analyzed using content analysis. Participants’ metaphors for AI were grouped under 11 categories: smart, brain, nature, security, humanistic, the dilemma of good and evil, service, object, technology, life, and time. The data obtained showed that the participants generally used positive metaphors to describe AI, that is, they had positive perceptions about AI. However, in this study, which focused on the AI perceptions of middle school students, all of the metaphors collected under 11 conceptual categories containing positive and negative perceptions were examined and interpreted separately. It is thought that educational computer systems can be designed to shape students' perceptions of AI. Teachers can consider students' perceptions of AI by using AI-assisted teaching and designing content to enhance students' learning skills.
Examination of the Relationship Between Creative Thinking Skills and Comprehension Skills of Middle School Students
Authors: SUR Emine , ATEŞ Murat
Published: November 2021

The relationship between language and thinking and the effect of these two skills on each other is accepted by field experts, but the level of the relationship is still a matter of debate. In this research, some part of the relationship between language and thought has been dwelled upon. The aim of the research is to determine the 7th grade students' reading, listening comprehension and creative thinking levels; to determine the relationship between reading comprehension and creative thinking and listening comprehension and creative thinking skills. The data of the study, which is a descriptive field study in the relational screening model, was collected from a total of 380 7th grade students, 199 women and 181 men, in the 2019-2020 academic year. As a data collection tool within the scope of the research; "Reading Comprehension Achievement Test", "Listening Comprehension Achievement Test" and "Torrance Creative Thinking Test Verbal A Form" were used. The analysis of the data was done by pearson correlation analysis. Secondary school students' reading comprehension levels are medium, and their listening comprehension levels are medium. As a result of the correlation analysis, most significant correlation is between reading comprehension and listening comprehension, and the least significant correlation is between reading comprehension and fluency, which is a sub-dimension of creativity. There is a positive, statistically significant relationship between the listening comprehension and creative thinking skill scores. There is a positive and statistically highly significant relationship between reading comprehension and listening comprehension skill scores. There is a positive, significant relationship between reading comprehension and creative thinking skill skills. All of the relationships are statistically significant.
Comparison of confirmed and probable COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit during the normalization period
Authors: Yeşiler Fatma İrem , Çapras Mesher , Kandemir Emre , Şahintürk Helin , Gedik Ender , Zeyneloğlu Pınar
Published: November 2021

The decrease in social distance together with the normalization period as of June 1, 2020 in our country caused an increase in the number of COVID 19 patients. Our aim was to compare the demographic features, clinical courses and outcomes of confirmed and probable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) during the normalization period. Critically ill 128 COVID-19 patients between June 1 - December 2, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age was 69.7±15.5y (61.7% male). Sixty-one patients (47.7%) were confirmed. Dyspnea (75.0%) was the most common symptom and hypertension (71.1%) was the most common comorbidity. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation System (APACHE II) score; Glasgow Coma Score (GCS); Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores on ICU admission were 17.4 ± 8.2, 12.3 ± 3.9 and 5.9 ± 3.4, respectively. 101 patients (78.1%) received low flow oxygen, 48 had high flow oxygen therapy (37.5%) and 59 (46.1%) had invasive mechanical ventilation. 53 patients (41.4%) had vasopressor therapy and 30 (23.4%) patients had renal replacement therapy (RRT) due to acute kidney injury (AKI). Confirmed patients were more tachypneic (p=0.005) and more hypoxemic than probable patients (p<0.001). Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and AKI were more common in confirmed patients than probable (both p<0.001). Confirmed patients had higher values of hemoglobin, C- reactive protein, fibrinogen, D-dimer than probables (respectively, p=0.028, 0.006, 0.000, 0.019). The overall mortality was higher in confirmed patients (p=0.209, 52.6% vs 47.4%). Complications are more common among confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU. The mortality rate of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU was found to be higher than probable patients. Mortality of confirmed cases were higher than prediction of APACHE-II scoring system.
Uso del nombre Consolea microcarpa versus Consolea picardae (Cactaceae), para una especie endémica de la Española
Authors: Majure Lucas C. , Clase Teodoro
Published: November 2021

Existe la duda sobre el uso del nombre correcto de una especie endémica de La Española, Consolea microcarpa (K. Schum.) E.F. Anderson. La mayoría de las más recientes publicaciones usan el sinónimo, C. picardae (Urb.) Areces para la especie, un nombre denominado para corregir un supuesto homónimo, O. microcarpa K. Schum. Discutimos aquí que el nombre correcto que se debería usar para la especie es C. microcarpa, ya que el nombre anterior O. microcarpa Engelm. jamás fue descrito formalmente y entonces representa un nombre provisional. Además, proveemos un mapa de distribución, notas sobre su morfología y ecología y una clave para distinguir las especies de Consolea de La Española.
Euphorbia heterophylla (Euphorbiaceae) in South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, U.S.A.
Authors: Smith Stephen , Krings Alexander
Published: November 2021

Euphorbia heterophylla (Euphorbiaceae) is found persistent well north of its current native range. New records are reported and diagnostic characteristics are discussed, including distinction from E. cyathophora, to which the name was previously misapplied.
New combinations, rank changes, and nomenclatural and taxonomic comments in the vascular flora of the southeastern United States. IV
Authors: Weakley Alan S. , Sorrie Bruce A. , LeBlond Richard J. , Poindexter Derick B. , Floden Aaron J. , Schilling Edward E. , Franck Alan R. , Kees John C.
Published: November 2021

As part of ongoing efforts to understand and document the flora of the southeastern United States, we propose a number of taxonomic changes and report a distributional record. In Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae), we elevate the well-marked R. glomerata var. angusta to species rank. In Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae), we report a state distributional record for Mississippi for D. celsa, filling a range gap. In Oenothera (Onagraceae), we continue the reassessment of the Oenothera fruticosa complex and elevate O. fruticosa var. unguiculata to species rank. In Eragrostis (Poaceae), we address typification issues. In the Trilliaceae, Trillium undulatum is transferred to Trillidium, providing a better correlation of taxonomy with our current phylogenetic understanding of the family.
Physalis macrosperma (Solanaceae: Physalinae), a new psammophyte endemic to the west Gulf Coastal Plain of the southeastern U.S.A., a global biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Pyne Milo , Orzell Steve L. , Bridges Edwin L. , Poindexter Derick
Published: November 2021

A new species of Physalinae (Solanaceae) is described and illustrated that is endemic to the West Gulf Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States, a global biodiversity hotspot. Physalis macrosperma sp. nov. is distinguished by its large obpyramidal fruiting calyx (35–70 mm in length), its large seeds [3.2–4.2(4.8) mm in length and 2.5–3.5(3.9) mm in width], and its coarsely pitted seed testa. The ecological and geographical setting of P. macrosperma and its morphological relationships with similar taxa are presented. Physalis macrosperma is an herbaceous perennial psammophyte inhabiting open sand barrens within pyrogenic savanna-woodlands of xeric sandhills. It occurs on droughty undulating Eocene-age quartzipsamments within south-central and east-central Texas and on younger xeric sands embedded within the fire-maintained pinelands of southwestern Arkansas, western Louisiana, and southeastern Texas.
Ipomoea edwardsensis (Convolvulaceae) at specific rank
Authors: O'Kennon Robert J.
Published: November 2021

Ipomoea costellata var. edwardsensis is distinct in morphology, phenology, and geography from typical I. costellata and is treated here at specific rank, as Ipomoea edwardsensis (O’Kennon & Nesom) O’Kennon, comb. et stat. nov.
New records of Phaseolus microcarpus (Leguminosae: Phaseoleae) for Costa Rica
Authors: Debouck D.G. , Chaves-Barrantes Néstor , Araya-Villalobos R.
Published: November 2021

Evidence is presented about the presence of Phaseolus microcarpus in Costa Rica, while it was previously reported northwards in other Central American countries and Mexico. Fourteen populations are currently known, four from the Peninsula of Nicoya, and ten are in the tropical dry forest of the mainland of this country.
Exploraciones botánicas a poblaciones de Consolea (Cactaceae) en Cuba: estado de conservación y principales amenazas
Authors: Barrios Duniel , Díaz Edgardo , Majure Lucas C.
Published: November 2021

Four species of Consolea have been reported from the Cuban archipelago, each of which has been considered under threat of extinction. During the last three years various expeditions were carried out to try to update existing information about the conservation status of populations of the different species and their primary threats. Likewise, we revised and identified herbarium specimens from HAC, HAJB, HMC, MNHN, and NY to put together distribution maps for each species on Cuba. All native species of Consolea on Cuba are under threat of extinction/ extirpation. Consolea moniliformis is the species with the largest populations on Cuba, while C. macracantha displays the widest range of any other species on the island. Two new localities of C. macracantha were found during this study, but likewise, showed the only signs to date of attack by the invasive moth, Cactoblastic cactorum. Among the principle threats detected for species of Consolea on Cuba are exotic, invasive plant species, livestock grazing and development. We provide a key to the species on Cuba.
Typification in and contributions to a revision of Psammisia (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae)
Authors: Luteyn James L.
Published: November 2021

Since the last complete revision of Psammisia (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae) in 1932 many new species, synonyms, and local treatments have been published and genetic information is slowly becoming available. This paper is based on field and herbarium observations made over a period of nearly 50 years and helps to clarify questions of typification and species relationships towards an updated revision. Emphasis is herein given to species occurring in Peru and Bolivia for which a key to the species occurring in that region is made available for the first time. Notes on the poorly understood yet historically important collections of Ruiz & Pavón, Humboldt & Bonpland, Mathews, the Schomburgk brothers, and Linden, Funck, & Schlim are provided as they refer to South American Ericaceae. Neotypes for Thibaudia formosa and Thibaudia nutans are also included.
La familia Schlegeliaceae en el occidente de México
Authors: Cuevas Guzmán Ramón , Sánchez Rodríguez Enrique V. , Del Castillo Batista Ana P. , Gpe. Morales Arias José , Núñez López Nora M. , Moreno Gómez Saúl
Published: November 2021

Known distribution of Schlegeliaceae family is extended by the presence of Gibsoniothamnus cornutus in western Mexico. The description of the species is lengthened, including the pollen grain description, which is scarcely described in the family. Information on the ecology of the species is provided, and several of its characters are illustrated with photographs and microphotographs. A distribution map of Gibsoniothamnus cornutus in México is presented.
Claytonia perfoliata (Montiaceae) newly reported in Arkansas, U.S.A.
Authors: Schneider Adam C.
Published: November 2021

This is the first record of the western American species Claytonia perfoliata Don ex Willd. (Montiaceae) in Arkansas, and the first record of this species in a natural, undeveloped area east of the Great Plains. A key to species of Claytonia in Arkansas is included.
Clinical characterization and treatment outcomes of intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage after vaccination against COVID-19: A systematic review of the literature v1
Authors: Pyeong Jeon Jin , Liang Chai Chung , Kook Rhim Jong , Jin Park Jeong , Jun Cho Yong , Hun Sheen Seung
Published: November 2021

As the number of COVID-19 vaccines increases, reports of complications are also increasing. In particular, when cerebral hemorrhage occurs, the prognosis is poor. Here, we aimed to investigating the clinical course of patients who developed intracerebral hemorrhage after COVID-19 vaccination and the patient prognosis through a systematic review. As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hit the world like never before, there were 244,105,621 infection cases and 4,959,347 deaths worldwide as of October 24, 2021. As the number of vaccination increases, reports of death and serious adverse reactions after vaccination are also increasing.
[RETRACTED] Skincell Pro Reviews: Scam! {Canada, UK, Skincell Pro Shark Tank} SHOCKING Result! v1
Authors: not provided skincellproreviews
Published: November 2021

[RETRACTED]

Health
ESTABLISHMENT OF A SPECIMEN/TISSUE BANK AND ASSOCIATED DNA REFERENCE DATA FOR eDNA ANALYSIS v1
Authors: Mirimin Luca , Miller Dulaney , Fernandez Sara
Published: November 2021

This protocol is intended to provide guidelines on the curation and establishment of a specimen/tissue bank and associated DNA sequence data to be used as reference material/data for subsequent environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, with particular emphasis on marine non-indigenous and invasive species.
Wood and bark anatomy of South African Picrodendraceae with systematic and ecological implications
Authors:   Department of Botany and Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Maruta Robin , Oskolski Alexei A. ,   Department of Botany and Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg,   Komarov Botanical Institute RAS
Published: November 2021

Wood and bark structure of Androstachys johnsonii and Hyaenanche globosa (Picrodendraceae) is described. Two species share simple perforation plates, minute to small intervessel pits, and nonseptate fibres; these traits also reported in other Picrodendraceae. Androstachys is distinctive in having scanty paratracheal axial parenchyma and uniseriate rays with vessel-ray pits restricted to marginal cells. Bordered pits on fibre walls is an ancestral condition for the African Picrodendraceae. High vessel frequency and vessel grouping in Androstachys can be adaptive for semi-arid climate with wet summer. Both genera share the subepidermal phellogen initiation and the presence of thick-walled fibers and sclereids in secondary phloem. In Hyaenanche, the bark is dilated by stretching and divisions of parenchyma cells with formation of pseudocortex. Androstachys shows no ray dilatation, but sclerification of its parenchyma can make substantial contribution in bark expansion. Abundant trichomes on epidermis of young shoots of Androstachys are presumably involved in the water uptake from mists.
Milium effusum (Poaceae: Poeae: Miliinae): species of systematic and cytological interest with notes on polymorphic nature and cytogeography
Authors:   Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Singh Jaswant , Singhal Vijay Kumar ,   Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Probatova Nina S. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS
Published: November 2021

Present communication records polymorphic and polyploid nature of the forest grass species M. effusum having wide distribution over different continents and countries. Globally the 4 x plants are widely distributed. The West Himalayan plants, collected at 3000 m alt. and more, are also sporting chromosome number of 2n = 28 based on basic number of x = 7. Further meiotic course analysis of Western Himalayan plants follows diploid like behaviour possibly directed by diploidization. This communication also calls the attention to cytogeography of intraspecific cytotypes of M. effusum, where diploid plants (2n = 14) have also been reported, but only 2 times – from the Kola Peninsula, Russia and from the Switzerland mountains. Perhaps these are relict populations, which deserve to be proved, studied and protected.
Freshwater centric diatoms from Middle Miocene deposits of the Khanka Depression, Primorye Territory (Far East of Russia)
Authors:   Far East Geological Institute FEB RAS, Likhacheva Olesya Yu. , Avramenko Aleksandra S. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Usoltseva Marina V. ,   Limnological Institute SB RAS, Pushkar Vladimir S. ,   Far East Geological Institute FEB RAS
Published: November 2021

The centric diatom flora from the Middle Miocene deposits of the Khanka Depression of Primorye (Far East of Russia) was in detail studied. The centric diatoms were presented by 10 species and intraspecies taxa belonging to four genera (Aulacoseira Thwaites, Alveolophora Moiseeva et Nevretdinova, Ellerbeckia Crawford, Melosira Agard) and three orders (Aulacoseirales, Paraliales and Melosirales). A detailed study with the use of LM and SEM allowed us to establish the high morphologic variability of the predominant representatives of the genus Aulacoseira. The diagnoses for the Alveolophora tscheremissinovae, Ellerbeckia kochii, Melosira undulata species were supplemented. The comparison of the taxonomic compositions of the centric diatoms from the Khanka complex with the even-aged complexes from other regions has shown the wide spreading of the genus Aulacoseira taxa in the freshwater bodies during this time period.
Bioimpedance analysis of human body composition: medical applications, terminology
Authors: Nikolaev Dmitry V. , Shchelykalina Svetlana P.
Published: November 2021

To diagnose and dynamically monitor patients with diseases accompanied by changes in body composition, data from a number of hardware analytical methods are required. Non-invasive, without radiation and chemical loads, fast and patientfriendly bioimpedance analysis of body composition comprehensively solves the problem of obtaining quantitative estimates of all components of body composition at the same time.
This article discusses the terminology features of bioimpedance analysis of body composition and the most common mistakes in the use of terms. In the Russian-speaking medical environment, you can often find the use of a number of inaccurate terms related to bioimpedance analysis of the human body composition. At the same time, the terminology of bioimpedance analysis of human body composition in English-language publications has long been established. The article presents the Russian and English terms of bioimpedance analysis of the human body composition with corresponding abbreviations, as well as the hierarchy of the terms body composition components, body composition parameters, parameters of bioimpedance analysis of body composition and bioimpedance parameters.
The most developed areas of application of bioimpedance analysis in medical practice are discussed: assessment of nutrition and dynamic observations of changes in body composition, assessment of the body mineral mass, assessment of the body hydration parameters, assessment of blood supply to tissues and organs, including in the monitoring mode, assessment of the asymmetry of paired organs and limbs, assessment of pre-start readiness, physical development and the level of fitness of the athletes muscular system.
The role of scoring systems in evaluation of the geriatric patients in emergency department
Authors: BAŞPINAR İsa , GÜLER Sertaç , DEMİRCİ Burak , YURDAKUL Mehmet , COŞKUN Abuzer , KATIRCI Yavuz
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of scoring methods in determining critical geriatric patients in the emergency department.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study included patients aged over 65 who presented to the emergency department between 15 October 2014 and 15 November 2014. APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II), REMS (Rapid Emergency Medicine Score), HOTEL (Hypotension, Oxygen saturation, low Temperature, ECG changes, and Loss of independence), VIEWS (Vital PAC Early Warning Score) and VIEWS-L (Vital PAC Early Warning Score with Lactate Level) were evaluated.

Results: Of the 244 patients included in the study, the mean age of survivors was 75.69 ± 6.96 years, and the mean age of the mortal cases was 80.47 ± 6.63 years, 139 (57%) women. It was found that 30 (12.3%) of the patients included in the study died. The risk scores of the patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit were higher than those who were discharged or hospitalized. All risk scores in the mortality group were found to be significantly higher than the other patient groups.

Conclusion: The study showed that risk scoring systems can be used safely in the evaluation of geriatric patients in the emergency department, to predict mortality and to select critically ill patients.
Comparison of the effects of hyperbaric and normobaric oxygen treatments on the repolarisation parameters of electrocardiography in children with carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: BAĞCI Zafer , ARSLAN Abdullah , ARSLAN Derya , KOLSUZ Ayşenur
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) induced hyper-oxygenation and normobaric oxygen therapy (NBOT) on myocardial repolarisation parameters in children with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 77 girls and boys aged 0–18 years who were diagnosed and treated for CO poisoning. There were no changes in the routine clinical evaluation and treatment practices of patients. Patients who received NBOT (n=40) and HBOT (n=37) were divided into two groups. These groups were compared in terms of their demographic characteristics, carboxyhaemoglobin, lactate, troponin levels and myocardial repolarisation parameters of electrocardiography (ECG) (Tp-e interval, Tp-e dispersion, QTc and Tp-e/QTc ratio).

Results: There were no significant intergroup differences in terms of carboxyhaemoglobin, lactate and troponin levels at the time of admission; admission and post-treatment Tp-e, Tp-e dispersion, corrected QTc and TPe/QTc ratio and post-treatment change rates of each ECG parameter.

Conclusion: There was no intergroup difference in terms of repolarisation parameters of ECG in children with CO poisoning. The possible reason for this may be myocardial reperfusion damage due to hyper-oxygenation associated with HBOT therapy.
Thermoeconomical optimization of a regenerative air turbine cogeneration system
Authors: KOSTIKOV Andrii , TARASOVA Victoriia , KUZNETSOV Mikhail , SATAYEV Marat , KHARLAMPIDI Dionis
Published: November 2021

The concept of optimization of operating and design parameters of the regenerative air turbine cogeneration (RATC) system is proposed. To determine the energy efficiency indicators of this system, its thermodynamic analysis was performed. At the same time, it is shown that it is not correct to search for the optimal parameters of such a system only by energy indicators, and modern thermoeconomic methods should be more actively involved in pre-design practice, which allow a comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency and economy of the energy-technological system as a whole and its individual elements. Therefore, on the basis of the data obtained during the thermodynamic analysis, exergy destruction and losses in the main system elements were calculated. Then, using the structural-variant method in combination with the graphical apparatus of C-curves, the pre-project thermoeconomic optimization of the RATC system was performed. This made it possible to choose the optimal operating and design parameters of the system and determine the minimum cost for its creation and operation throughout the entire life cycle, taking into account the thermodynamic perfection of the main system elements. Each variable operating mode parameter of the system serves as a kind of navigator when searching for the option of system parameters that is optimal in terms of energy and economic indicators, which is accompanied by graphic visualization. Therefore, the proposed approach makes the optimization of the system being designed convenient and clear. It can be used in the optimal design of various types of thermal transformers and other energy-technological systems.
Combined effect of variable parameters on the performance of gas turbine cycles
Authors: KHAN M. N.
Published: November 2021

The gas turbine cycle is the key solution for the power generation system from the last decade. several types of research are going to enhance the overall system efficiency of the gas turbine cycle. In the present study, six sets have been investigated parametrically for energy and exergy. Thermodynamic assessments have been effectively achieved for the compressor pressure ratio from 4 to 14, turbine inlet temperature (TIT) from 1000K to 1500K, and ambient temperature 250C to 450C. Results show that for every 100 rises in ambient temperature the maximum decrease in peak output and peak thermal efficiency is 6.2% and 5% respectively at 1000K and 3.6% and 1.9% respectively at 1500K. The exergy loss by exhaust gases of set 4 and set 5 increased by 107% whereas set 6 is decreased by 85.5% as compared to set 1 under the conditions when the exergy loss by exhaust gases of set 1 is minimum at TIT 1000K. The total exergy destruction of set 3, set 4, set 5, and set 6 is increased by 102%, 32.6%, 133.3%, and 102% respectively as compared to set 1 under the conditions when the total exergy destruction of set1 is minimum at TIT 1000K. Regenerative Gas Turbine cycle is the best in terms of the ratio of net output to exergy destruction of the plant as well as initial, operational, and maintenance costs.
Comparison of reference evapotranspiration estimation methods, on days with and without precipitation
Authors: Lima Elton Ferreira , Moraes Rafael Guimarães Silva , Damascena Jossimara Ferreira , Amorim Edson Araújo de , Santos Layane Cruz dos , Costa Karolayne dos Santos
Published: November 2021

Water is gradually becoming scarcer and more expensive. Therefore, any means that aims at a more efficient use of this substance in the most diverse sectors, becomes essential. In this context, the accurate estimation of evapotranspiration is of fundamental importance. With this in mind, the objective of this work was to compare the performance of different methodologies for estimating reference evapotranspiration in relation to the FAO Penman-Monteith method on days with and without precipitation in the region of Cambará do Sul/RS. To achieve this goal, daily data on maximum air temperature (°C), minimum temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%), dew point temperature (°C), wind speed at 2 m high (m s-1), atmospheric pressure (hPa) and global solar radiation (MJ m-2 d-1), were acquired from the automatic weather station located in Cambará do Sul/RS and divided into two sets (days with and without precipitation ). The comparison between the different methodologies and the standard method, for each period mentioned above, took place through a simple linear regression analysis to obtain the regression coefficients a and b and the determination coefficient. Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient, root of the mean square of the error, Willmott index and the Camargo and Sentelhas index were calculated . For the municipality of Cambará do Sul/RS to replace the Penman-Monteith method, we recommend the use of the Penman and Makkink methods, which presented satisfactory performance in all periods analyzed.
Phytosociological survey of weed plants in soybean culture in the Gurguéia Valley
Authors: Lopes Camile Carvalho , Fontes Larissa de Oliveira , Lazzarini Luiz Eduardo Santos , Freitas Francisco Claudio Lopes de , Costa Filho José Hamilton da , Sousa Eudinete Ribeiro de
Published: November 2021

Phytosociology is a set of ecological assessment methods that aim to provide a view of plant species distributions within a plant assemblage. The objective of the current study was to identify and quantify the plants designated as weeds in a glyphosate-resistant soybean crop, using a phytosociological survey of a conventional planting system on the Fazenda Agrosantos (09°27’4124.4” S and 45º01’00.4” O), Vale do Gurguéia, Monte Alegre municipality Piauí state, Brazil. The site lies at a mean altitude of 652 m. Field collections were made 15 days after initial soya planting. For sampling, a 0.40 x 0.40 m quadrat was used, thrown randomly twenty times within the experimental area. Weeds were identified and quantified using the sum of the samples obtained from the quadrat samples. Plants that lay within the quadrat were identified, counted and collected for identification, which was carried out by comparison with specialist bibliographies and weed identification manuals. Evaluated variables were: frequency, density, abundance, relative frequency, relative density, relative abundance and species importance value index. In the soybean cultivation area, 60% of the sampled species were Eudicotyledons, and a total of 8 botanical families and 10 weed species were identified. The species Cenchrus echinatus, Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult, Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Zea mays L showed the highest values for the analyzed variables, and should therefore be of special attention to soybean producers in the region of Vale da Gurguéia, Piauí, Brazil.
Geostatistics as a tool to reduce the sampling effort in forest inventories
Authors: Minatti Myrcia , Roberto Sanquetta Carlos , Péllico Neto Sylvio , Paula Dalla Corte Ana , Cysneiros Vinicius Costa
Published: November 2021

Geostatistics is one of the tools applied to investigate the spatial variability of forests to reduce costs and recognize the best productivity areas for planning. This study aimed to test the performance of geostatistical techniques in reducing the sampling effort in forest inventories. For this purpose, we used the height of dominant trees as a discriminator of the homogeneous strata to obtain a better representation of the productivity within the forest stands. We carried out the study in Pinus taeda L. stands in the Center-South of Paraná, Brazil, by using plots from a forest inventory allocated with the systematic process. Then, we tested three models to determine the site curves (Schumacher, Chapman-Richards 2, and 3 coefficients) with the thirty-seventh year being the reference age. To model the spatial patterns of the dominant height, we used the ordinary kriging, and, after that, we generated the thematic maps of the site classes. Similarly, we used the indicator kriging which allowed obtaining the probabilities of high, medium, and low productivity sites. The processing of the stratified sampling, with the support of the visual interpretation of the images, allowed us to define five strata according to productivity. Results showed that ordinary kriging is effective in defining the productivity classes. Along with geostatistical techniques, it produces more homogeneous strata and reduces the errors of the forest inventory. Moreover, the best-selected model was the Chapman-Richards (3 coefficients) for the site curves. The exponential model was the best model to identify the best areas of the probability of occurrence of sites with higher productivity. The efficiency of indicative kriging generated thematic maps to delimit the likely locations of the most promising sites. Overall, geostatistics proved to be efficient concerning error when compared to simple random sampling.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF ADULT SOURGRASS IN COFFEE CROPS, THROUGH VARIOUS ASSOCIATIONS
Authors: Coelho Vitor , Belutti Voltolini Giovani , Rabelo Botrel Miranda Gustavo , Mauro Costa Monteiro José , De Oliveira Alecrim Ademilson
Published: November 2021

Weed management in coffee plants is carried out largely through the adoption of chemical control, with the use of herbicides. In this context, one of the species that most affects the development of coffee plants, and due to its difficulty in control, is sourgrass. Above all, most sourgrass biotypes are not efficiently controlled with the herbicide glyphosate, which is the most used in coffee growing. Thus, the search for strategies that can minimize the damage caused by this weed, appears with increasing demand, due to the great damage to coffee plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical control of adult sourgrass in coffee plants, through several associations. Treatment control efficiency was visually evaluated, where a scale ranging from 0 to 100 was used, with 0 corresponding to the absence of symptoms and 100 corresponding to the total control of weed plants by the action of herbicides, respectively. This evaluation method was used at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after application. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using the SISVAR statistical software. The association of the herbicides Fluazifop-p-butyl and Clethodim, implies greater efficiency in controlling sourgrass over time. The association of the herbicide ammonium glufosinate with systemic herbicides implies a reduction in the control capacity of sourgrass plants over time.
Challenges and Critical Success Factors for Rural Agrarian Reforms in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Ndlovu Wiseman , Mwale Marizvikuru , Zuwarimwe Jethro
Published: November 2021

The need for rural land agrarian reforms has reached heightened levels in South Africa in recent years. Resultantly, the communal land use effectiveness is questioned due to persistent poor performance and declining agricultural output that fails to address rural poverty and food insecurity. This is one of the major causes of why South Africa's rural economies are generally characterized by stagnant economic growth. This points to deep-rooted and unique challenges that need urgent attention if meaningful support and resilience systems are to be built for rural agrarian land reforms to be realized. The present study investigated challenges and characterized factors that lead to the prosperity of rural agricultural projects in communal land ownership. An exploratory study design was followed, and the data was collected using interviews and focus group discussions from communal farmers and key informants. Data were analyzed thematically with the aid of Atlas. Ti version 8.1.4. “Information challenges” and “water scarcity” describe some of the common challenges faced by rural farmers. Six critical success factors were identified and found to be related. “Effective project management and control” and “improved support from and partnership with local community stakeholders” are success factors that, if targeted first, could address most challenges faced in rural agrarian reforms. The results suggest that partnership with the private sector can help farmers commercialize and move swiftly towards agro-processing. Identified threats and successes must be prioritized in designing and formulating region-specific rural agrarian support programs for communal farmers.