bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Piotrowski-Altmann law: State of the art
Authors: Stachowski Kamil
Published: July 2020

The termPiotrowski-Altmann lawrefers to a wide range of linguistic phenomena which proceed in the “slow-fast-slow” fashion, i.e. drawing a sigmoid on a graph. They include the replacement of an old morphological form with a new one, lexical borrowing between languages, the growth of a child’s vocabulary, and many others. The paper briefly discusses the history of the law, its current variants and their applications, and lastly science theoretical problems connected with it. It concludes that our law is in fact a group of psycho- and sociological models, whose application to linguistics requires further deliberation.
Changes in wheat straw cell walls during ozone pretreatment
Authors: Ben’ko Elena M. , Chukhchin Dmitriy G. , Lunin Valeriy V.
Published: July 2020

Treatment of plant biomass with ozone is a promising delignification method. It was shown that lignin removal from the cell wall during ozonation was limited by topochemical reactions and toke place in the secondary rather in the primary cell wall. The separation of cellulose microfibrils, the loss of cell wall stiffness and complete removal of intercellular substance during the delignification process were visualized by SEM. The dependence of the average diameter of the cellulose microfibril aggregates in the cell wall of ozonized straw on ozone consumption was studied. Lignin removal caused an increase of size of cellulose microfibrils aggregates. It was demonstrated that there was an optimal degree of delignification, at which cellulose became more accessible to enzymes in the subsequent bioconversion processes. The data on the ozone consumption, residual lignin content, and sugars yield in the enzymatic hydrolysis of ozonized wheat straw were obtained. It was also found that the optimum delignification degree for sugars yield was ≈10% of residual lignin content and optimum ozone consumption was 2 mol·О3/mol C9PPU (phenylpropane structural unit) of lignin in raw straw.
Effect of multi-pass deformation on microstructure evolution of spark plasma sintered TC4 titanium alloy
Authors: Yan Jiangpeng , Xue Yong , Zhang Zhimin , Wu Yaojin , Zhao Xi
Published: July 2020

The TC4 titanium alloy powder test piece was prepared by spark plasma sintering. The multi-pass hot deformation of the TC4 titanium alloy was tested by using the Gleeble-1500 experiment machine. Measurement of relative density, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction were carried out for the TC4 titanium alloy. In order to reveal the evolution of the microstructure, describing its changes systematically is necessary, which has become the focus of this article. The results show that after multi-pass hot deformation, the relative density of the TC4 titanium alloy could reach 99.93%. With the increase in deformation and decrease in temperature, the β-transformed phase was retained, and many fine β-transformed phases were formed between two adjacent lamellar α. During the one-pass hot deformation, the rapid increase in relative density was the main reason for the instability of the flow stress in the stress–strain curve. For two-pass and three-pass hot deformations, more features of dynamic recrystallization and the characteristics of dynamic recovery at high strain rates (5 s−1) could be found. The size of the grains was about 15 µm after the three-pass hot deformation.
Computational fluid dynamics of rectangular external loop airlift reactor
Authors: Teli Shivanand M. , Mathpati Channamallikarjun S.
Published: July 2020

The novel design of a rectangular external loop airlift reactor is at present the most used large-scale reactor for microalgae culture. It has a unique future for a large surface to volume ratio for exposure of light radiation for photosynthesis reaction. The 3D simulations have been performed in rectangular EL-ALR. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach has been used with a dispersed gas phase for different turbulent models. The performance and applicability of different turbulent model’s i.e., K-epsilon standard, K-epsilon realizable, K-omega, and Reynolds stress model are used and compared with experimental results. All drag forces and non-drag forces (turbulent dispersion, virtual mass, and lift coefficient) are included in the model. The experimental values of overall gas hold-up and average liquid circulation velocity have been compared with simulation and literature results. It is seemed to give good agreements. For the different elevations in the downcomer section, liquid axial velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent eddy dissipation experimental have been compared with different turbulent models. The K-epsilon Realizable model gives better prediction with experimental results.
A novel approach of closeness centrality measure for voltage stability analysis in an electric power grid
Authors: Adebayo Isaiah G. , Sun Yanxia
Published: July 2020

Modern power systems are increasingly becoming more complex and thus become vulnerable to voltage collapse due to constant increase in load demand and introduction of new operation enhancement technologies. In this study, an approach which is based on network structural properties of a power system is proposed for the identification of critical nodes that are liable to voltage instability. The proposed Network Structurally Based Closeness Centrality (NSBCC) is formulated based on the admittance matrix between the interconnection of load to load nodes in a power system. The vertex (node) that has the highest value of NSBCC is taken as the critical node of the system. To demonstrate the significance of the concept formulated, the comparative analysis of the proposed NSBCC with the conventional techniques such as Electrical Closeness Centrality (ECC), Closeness Voltage Centrality (CVC) and Modal Analysis is performed. The effectiveness of all the approaches presented is tested on both IEEE 30 bus and the Southern Indian 10-bus power systems. Results of simulation obtained show that the proposed NSBCC could serve as valuable tool for rapid real time voltage stability assessment in a power system.
Impact of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified starch on the particle size distribution and rheological properties of xanthan gum in aqueous solutions
Authors: Boulhaia Imene , HadjSadok Abdelkader , Moulai-Mostefa Nadji , Aouabed Ali
Published: July 2020

Effects of addition of octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA) starch on the structural, rheological and thermo-rheological properties of aqueous solutions of 0.5 (w/v %) xanthan gum were evaluated. Analysis by dynamic light scattering revealed the absence of complex formation in the mixed solution. However, it was noticed that an increase in the concentration of OSA starch (COSA) leads simultaneously to an increase of the number of micelles and their self-assembly within the network formed by the xanthan macromolecules. This same mechanism was observed during the evaluation of the rheological properties. For systems containing 0.5 (w/v %) of xanthan and for which COSA ≤ 4 (w/v %), a thermoreversible behavior was found similar to that of xanthan in solution. Furthermore, for COSA ≥ 5 (w/v %), the rheological behavior remained indifferent to the increase in temperature but, scored a spectacular rise in storage modulus when the cooling temperature begins near 70 °C.
A parallel hybrid implementation of the 2D acoustic wave equation
Authors: Altybay Arshyn , Ruzhansky Michael , Tokmagambetov Niyaz
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we propose a hybrid parallel programming approach for a numerical solution of a two-dimensional acoustic wave equation using an implicit difference scheme for a single computer. The calculations are carried out in an implicit finite difference scheme. First, we transform the differential equation into an implicit finite-difference equation and then using the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method, we split the equation into two sub-equations. Using the cyclic reduction algorithm, we calculate an approximate solution. Finally, we change this algorithm to parallelize on graphics processing unit (GPU), GPU + Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP), and Hybrid (GPU + OpenMP + message passing interface (MPI)) computing platforms. The special focus is on improving the performance of the parallel algorithms to calculate the acceleration based on the execution time. We show that the code that runs on the hybrid approach gives the expected results by comparing our results to those obtained by running the same simulation on a classical processor core, Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), and CUDA + OpenMP implementations.
The effect of novel simple saffron syrup on fatigue reduction in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ashtiani Alireza Rezaee , Seied Amirhossein Latifi , Jadidi Ali , Ghasami Keyvan , Khanmohamadi Hezave Ali , Aghae Pour Seyed Mohamad , Malekhosseni Shema , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Alimoradian Abbas , Salehi Mehdi
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive and often debilitating neurological disorder. This chronic disease has a high prevalence in the world and also in Iran. Fatigue is a common symptom of the disease, which causes serious mental and psychological discomfort. Simple saffron syrup, contains some compounds that can be effective in relieving the symptom. The object of this study is to investigate the effect of simple saffron syrup on fatigue in patients with MS.

Methods

This study is a pre-post study which evaluates the fatigue rate of MS patients (30 participants) according to the FSS scale. The participants were given a saffron simple syrup to consume a tablespoon (7.5 cc) every 8 h for two months. After 60 days of prescribing, patients are assessed for fatigue based on fatigue severity scale (FSS) criteria.

Results

One-way ANOVA showed that there was a notable difference between the mean score of fatigue in MS patients before and after the intervention (p<0.001). So, the fatigue severity of the subjects after saffron syrup consumption dropped dramatically for two months. (p<00.01).

Conclusions

According to the outcomes of this study, simple saffron syrup can be effective as an adjunct therapy for fatigue reduction in patients with MS due to effectiveness besides no significant side effects.
Kinect Controlled NAO Robot for Telerehabilitation
Authors: Assad-Uz-Zaman Md , Islam Md Rasedul , Rahman Mohammad Habibur , Wang Ying-Chih , McGonigle Erin
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we focus on the human upper limb rehabilitation scheme that utilizes the concept ofteleoperation. Teleoperation can help the therapist demonstrate different rehab exercises to a different group of people at the same time remotely. Different groups of people from a different place connected to the same network can get therapy from the same therapist at the same time using the telerehabilitation scheme. Here, we presented a humanoid robot NAO that can be operated remotely by a therapist to demonstrate the exercise to a patient. To mimic the movement demonstrated by the therapist, Kinect V2 sensor which is a markerless vision-based motion-tracking device, was used. Modified Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) convention was used for the kinematic modeling of the human upper arm. From the Kinect data, a geometric solution was developed to find a unique inverse kinematic solution of human upper-extremity. Experimental results revealed that NAO could be teleoperated successfully to instruct and demonstrate patients to perform different arm movement exercises in real-time.
Variability of clinical and biochemical phenotype in liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency with variants in the phosphorylase kinase (PHKG2) gene
Authors: Waheed Nadia , Saeed Anjum , Ijaz Sadaqat , Fayyaz Zafar , Anjum Muhammad Nadeem , Zahoor Yasir , Cheema Huma Arshad
Published: July 2020

Background

PHKG2-related liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency is inherited in autosomal recessive pattern and is a rare type of liver glycogenosis. We demonstrated the clinical presentation and genetic determinants involved in children with PHKG2- related liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency.

Methodology

Ten Pakistani children with liver phosphorylase kinase from seven different families, were enrolled over a period of 18 months. All regions of the PHKG2 gene spanning exons and splicing sites were evaluated through targeted exome sequencing. Variants were analyzed using different bioinformatics tools. Novel variants were reconfirmed by direct sequencing.

Results

Seven different variants were identified in PHKG2 gene including five novel variants: three stop codons (c.226C>T [p.R76*], c.454C>T [p.R152*] and c.958C>T [p.R320*]), one missense variant c.107C>T (p.S36F) and one splice site variant (c.557-3C>G). All five novel variants were predicted to be damaging by in Silico analysis. The variants are being transmitted through recessive pattern of inheritance except one family (two siblings) has compound heterozygotes. Laboratory data revealed elevated transaminases and triglycerides, normal creatinine phosphokinase and uric acid levels but with glycogen loaded hepatocytes on liver histology.

Conclusion

PHKG2 related liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency can mimic both liver glycogenosis type I (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency) & III(amylo-1,6 glucosidase) and characterized by early childhood onset of hepatomegaly, growth restriction, elevated liver enzymes and triglycerides. Molecular analysis would be helpful in accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. The symptoms and biochemical abnormalities in liver glycogenosis due phosphorylase kinase deficiency tend to improve with proper dietary restrictions but need to be monitored for long-term complications such as liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
“The bus doesn’t stop for us”: Multilingualism, attitudes and identity in songs of a Tibetic community of Nepal
Authors: Gawne Lauren , Roche Gerald , Gamble Ruth
Published: July 2020

This paper draws on song texts from two corpora of Syuba, a Southern Tibetic language of Nepal. The songs have rich, interlinking themes relevant to language, identity and the situated context of Syuba people. We draw upon the texts to illustrate themes of identity, relationship, language, development and space. This analysis is grounded in an interdisciplinary approach bringing together linguistic, anthropological and historical perspectives. Through these themes, we come to a nuanced account of a minority language group, who see themselves as Syuba, Yolmo, Tibetan and Nepali, and how these multiple identities co-exist.
Value of communication, value of language: Nahuatl speakers and public health services in Sierra Norte de Puebla
Authors: Haimovich Gregory , Márquez Mora Herlinda
Published: July 2020

This paper is based on the data collected during fieldwork in the northern part of Mexico’s state of Puebla in 2018–2019. During that period, there was a need to gather information that would serve as a starting point for the participatory-action research project in San Miguel Tenango, a village where the majority of people speak Nahuatl as their mother tongue. In contrast, the employees of the health center located in the village have been exclusively Spanish-speaking doctors and nurses assigned there by the state department of health. The paper analyzes problems of communication between the medical staff and Indigenous patients, many of whom are not proficient in Spanish. It presents two different perspectives on communication in local health care settings, the one of medics and the other of patients. On comparing between them, we can recognize that the existing strategy of overcoming language barriers in Tenango, based mainly on family interpreters, has certain shortcomings, unnoticeable for the staff of the health center. The communication problems are discussed in the context of changing language attitudes among Nahuatl speakers. In addition, the paper includes a critical overview of recent initiatives to promote the use of Nahuatl in health services in the state of Puebla.
Anomalous Anderson localization behavior in gain-loss balanced non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Jiang Tianshu , Fang Anan , Zhang Zhao-Qing , Chan Che Ting
Published: July 2020

It has been shown recently that the backscattering of wave propagation in one-dimensional disordered media can be entirely suppressed for normal incidence by adding sample-specific gain and loss components to the medium. Here, we study the Anderson localization behaviors of electromagnetic waves in such gain-loss balanced random non-Hermitian systems when the waves are obliquely incident on the random media. We also study the case of normal incidence when the sample-specific gain-loss profile is slightly altered so that the Anderson localization occurs. Our results show that the Anderson localization in the non-Hermitian system behaves differently from random Hermitian systems in which the backscattering is suppressed.
Crystal structure of poly[bis(μ3-(1-(3,5-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole-κ3N:N′:N′′)cobalt(II)] dinitrate — N,N-dimethylformamide (1/4), C42H52N18O10Co
Authors: Sun Yabin , Chen Yan , Wang Daguang
Published: July 2020

C42H52N18O10Co, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.3692(7) Å, b = 17.5938(10) Å, c = 12.1825(7) Å, β = 108.6360(10)°, V = 2309.1(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0308, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0765, T = 120(2) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of bis(5-methyl-2-aldehyde-phenolato-κ2
O
1,O
2)copper(II), C16H14CuO4
Authors: Wu Qin
Published: July 2020

C16H14CuO4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.7831(4) Å, b = 4.71970(10) Å, c = 12.1802(4) Å, β = 114.557(1)°, Z = 2, V = 668.39(3) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0211, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0624, T = 173(2) K
Containing the Surplus Rebellion: Prison Strike/Prison Riot
Authors: Stark Alejo
Published: July 2020

The 2016 and 2018 wave of prison strikes in the United States presents itself as an extraordinary flashpoint of the prisoner resistance movement. But how might these events be understood in relation to what has been broadly characterized as an “age of riots”? Following Joshua Clover’s characterization of the contemporary riot in Riot. Strike. Riot. as a “surplus rebellion” of racialized “surplus populations” and given the characterization of the contemporary carceral state as a warehouse to contain such racialized populations, this essay characterizes the contemporary wave of prison riots accordingly as a “surplus rebellion.” More specifically, it focuses on the Kinross prison strike-riot that broke out in September 2016 in Michigan’s Kinross prison in order to derive some general parallels between the surplus rebellion and the singularity of recent prison strikes.
Bioeconomic Peace Research and Policy
Authors: Brauer Jurgen , McDougal Topher
Published: July 2020

We argue for viewing COVID-19 as an additional instance of bioeconomic interaction in an ongoing history of human relations with the rest of nature. We assert that COVID-19 and other increasingly frequent zoonotic pandemic diseases are a further example of global public bads (GPBs), which are collectively provoking the transition from an extensive to an intensive economic growth model characterized by the provision of corresponding global public goods (GPGs) and sigmoid growth. We describe how these dynamics map on to the classic production–predation dichotomy of peace and conflict economics and call for that dichotomy to be extended to the relationship between the human and nonhuman worlds. Finally, we argue that peace economists are particularly well-positioned to extend their research to diagnose human–nonhuman peace and conflict.
Influence of chain interaction and ordered structures in polymer dispersed liquid crystalline membranes on thermal conductivity
Authors: Li Ying , Pan Pan , Liu Chao , Zhou Wenying , Li Chenggong , Gong Changdan , Li Huilu , Zhang Liang , Song Hui
Published: July 2020

Polymer dispersed liquid crystalline (PDLC) membrane with intrinsic thermal conductivity was prepared by dispersing liquid crystalline polysiloxane containing crosslinked structure (liquid crystalline polysiloxane elastomer (LCPE)) into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H-NMR, and microscopic structures were analyzed by polarizing optical microscope (POM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal conductivity of PDLC membrane was characterized by hot disk thermal constants analyzer, and the tensile properties were measured by tensile testing machine. Thermal properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results show that LCPE was dispersed in PVA uniformly, and the mesogenic monomer of LCPE formed microscopic ordered structures in PDLC membrane. Meanwhile, hydrogen-bond interaction was formed between LCPE and PVA chain. Both microscopic-ordered structure and the hydrogen-bond interaction improved the phonon transmission path, and the thermal conductivity of PDLC membrane was up to 0.74 W/m⋅K, which was 6 times higher than that of pure PVA film. PDLC membrane possessed proper tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively 5.18 MPa and 338%. As a result, PDLC membrane can be used as thermal conductive membrane in electronic packaging and other related fields.
Effect of slot end faces on the three-dimensional airflow field from the melt-blowing die
Authors: Wang Yudong , Zhou Jianping
Published: July 2020

In order to investigate the effect of the slot ends of the melt-blowing die on the three-dimensional airflow field distribution and the fiber draft, the numerical calculation was carried out. The computational domain of the slot die was established with Gambit, and the flow field was calculated using FLUENT. Compared with the experimental data collected by a hot-wire anemometer, the numerical calculation results are credible. The results show that the slot end face has a certain influence on the three-dimensional flow field distribution under the melt-blowing die. The air velocity and temperature in the center region are quite different from those near the slot-end face. As the distance from the center of the flow field increases, the velocity and temperature on the spinning line begin to decrease. The velocity and temperature distributions of the spinning lines in the central area and nearby areas are almost the same; the temperature and velocity values on the spinning lines near the slot end are the lowest. The distribution characteristics of the three-dimensional airflow field could affect the uniformity of the fiber diameter and the meltblowing products.
Training the brain: could it improve multiple sclerosis treatment?
Authors: Silva Berenice Anabel , Miglietta Esteban Alberto , Ferrari Carina Cintia
Published: July 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination and axonal degeneration along with loss of function in the central nervous system. For many years, research in MS has focused on the efficacy of pharmacological treatments. However, during the last years, many publications have been dedicated to the study of the efficacy of non-pharmacological strategies, such as physical exercise and cognitive training. Beneficial effects of the combination of both strategies on cognitive function have been described in both ageing adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as MS. The analysis of combining both physical and cognitive stimulation can be summarized by the environmental enrichment (EE) experiments, which are more suitable for animal models. EE refers to housing conditions consisting of exercise and cognitive and social stimulation. In this review, we will summarize the available studies that describe the influence of EE in both MS patients and MS animal models.
Static mechanical allodynia in post-surgical neuropathic pain after breast cancer treatments
Authors: Mustonen Laura , Aho Tommi , Harno Hanna , Kalso Eija
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Static mechanical allodynia (SMA), i. e., pain caused by normally non-painful static pressure, is a prevalent manifestation of neuropathic pain (NP). Although SMA may significantly affect the patient’s daily life, it is less well studied in the clinical context. We aimed to characterize SMA in women with chronic post-surgical NP (CPSNP) after breast cancer surgery. Our objective was to improve understanding of the clinical picture of this prevalent pain condition. This is a substudy of a previously published larger cohort of patients with intercostobrachial nerve injury after breast cancer surgery (Mustonen et al. Pain. 2019;160:246–56).

Methods

We studied SMA in 132 patients with CPSNP after breast cancer surgery. The presence, location, and intensity of SMA were assessed at clinical sensory examination. The patients gave self-reports of pain with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). We studied the association of SMA to type of surgery, oncological treatments, BMI, other pains, and psychological factors. General pain sensitivity was assessed by the cold pressor test.

Results

SMA was prevalent (84%) in this cohort whereas other forms of allodynia were scarce (6%). Moderate-to-severe SMA was frequently observed even in patients who reported mild pain in BPI. Breast and the side of chest were the most common locations of SMA. SMA was associated with breast surgery type, but not with psychological factors. Severe SMA, but not self-reported pain, was associated with lower cold pain tolerance.

Conclusions

SMA is prevalent in post-surgical NP after breast cancer surgery and it may represent a distinct NP phenotype. High intensities of SMA may signal the presence of central sensitization.

Implications

SMA should be considered when examining and treating patients with post-surgical NP after breast cancer surgery.
Influence of the butylparaben administration on the oxidative stress metabolism of liver, kidney and spleen
Authors: Aydemir Duygu , Oztasci Burcu , Barlas Nurhayat , Ulusu Nuriye Nuray
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Butylparaben is widely used synthetic polymer as preservative in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Although butylparaben is metabolized in the detoxification organs including liver and kidney, some parts of it can retain and accumulate in the body. Parabens can impair developmental and reproductive health, though there is not any published data related with the influence of the butylparaben on the oxidative stress metabolism in the detoxification organs. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver, kidney and spleen of butylparaben-treated rat.

Methods

Prepubertal Wistar albino male rats were administered with 0, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day butylparaben for 28 days. After treatment, enzyme activities were evaluated as the biomarkers of the oxidative stress.

Results

Enzyme activities including glucose-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphoglucanate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were impaired upon butylparaben treatment in the liver, kidney and spleen tissues.

Conclusions

Exposure to endocrine disruptors may affect enzyme activities of the detoxification organs and change the pentose phosphate glutathione (GSH) metabolisms. According to our data oxidative stress metabolism is impaired in the spleen, kidney and liver tissue upon butylparaben treatment that has been indicated first time in the literature.
Hydrogen order in hydrides of Laves phases
Authors: Kohlmann Holger
Published: July 2020

Many Laves phases AM
2 takes up hydrogen to form interstitial hydrides in which hydrogen atoms partially occupy A
2
M
2, AM
3, and/or M
4 tetrahedral interstices. They often exhibit temperature-driven order-disorder phase transitions, which are triggered by repulsion of hydrogen atoms occupying neighboring tetrahedral interstices. Because of the phase widths with respect to hydrogen a complete ordering, i.e., full occupation of all hydrogen positions is usually not achieved. Order-disorder transitions in Laves phase hydrides are thus phase transitions between crystal structures with different degrees of hydrogen order. Comparing the crystal structures of ordered and disordered phases reveals close symmetry relationships in all known cases. This allows new insights into the crystal chemical description of such phases and into the nature of the phase transitions. Structural relationships for over 40 hydrides of cubic and hexagonal Laves phases ZrV2, HfV2, ZrCr2, ZrCo2, LaMg2, CeMg2, PrMg2, NdMg2, SmMg2, YMn2, ErMn2, TmMn2, LuMn2, Lu0.4Y0.6Mn2 YFe2, and ErFe2 are concisely described in terms of crystallographic group-subgroup schemes (Bärnighausen trees) covering 32 different crystal structure types, 26 of which represent hydrogen-ordered crystal structures.
Attractive halogen···halogen interactions in crystal structure of trans-dibromogold(III) complex
Authors: Tskhovrebov Alexander G. , Novikov Alexander S. , Kritchenkov Andreii S. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Haukka Matti
Published: July 2020

A synthesis of the trans-dibromogold(III) t-Bu-Xantphos complex and its self-assembly into infinite 1-dimensional chain in the solid state is reported. The new complex characterized using elemental analyses (C, H, N), ESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR techniques and X-ray diffraction analysis. Results of DFT calculations followed by the topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the framework of QTAIM method at the ωB97XD/DZP-DKH level of theory reveal that strength of attractive intermolecular non-covalent interactions Br···Br in the crystal is 1.2–1.6 kcal/mol.
Exploring inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins with quinolinone based gastro protective drug for enhancing bioavailability and sustained dischargement
Authors: Roy Niloy , Mahato Beauty , Roy Debadrita , Das Koyeli , Roy Mahendra Nath
Published: July 2020

Solid rebamipide based inclusion complexes were achieved by freeze-dry method and characterized by FTIR, UV–visible, 1H-NMR, 2D-ROESY, fluorescence spectroscopy, SEM and conductance. The enzyme substituted emission spectrum of the two comparative inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and HP-β-CD in the diverse solvent systems determined the controlled release of the drug were the mid of interest. Amylase increased the stability of the inclusion complexation, proved that if it is taken together with the inclusion complex, the effectiveness and impact of the inclusion complexes will have a prolonged effect in the body. It could significantly improve the bioavailability of rebamipide.
States’ SORNA Implementation Journeys
Authors: Harris Andrew J. , Kras Kimberly R. , Lobanov-Rostovsky Christopher , Ann Qurat
Published: July 2020

Public policies requiring individuals convicted of sex offenses to register with law enforcement authorities, and in some cases granting public access to certain registry information, have been adopted by dozens of nations and provincial governments across the globe. Within the United States, sex offender registration and notification (SORN) policies are primarily established at the state level, but have come under increasing federal purview since the 1990s. Arising from a perceived need for improved interjurisdictional consistency and coordination, the 2006 Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) significantly broadened the scope and range of federal requirements for SORN systems operating within the states. Yet fourteen years following the law’s passage, a significant majority of states have yet to meet SORNA implementation thresholds, amidst an array of legal, political, fiscal, and practical challenges. Prior research has offered aggregate-level insights concerning the barriers to SORNA implementation, but has not captured the “back stories” of state policy experiences. Addressing this knowledge gap, the current study offers an in-depth examination of state experiences in aligning their policies with federal mandates. Drawing on data gathered from a diverse sample of ten states, the analysis reveals significant variation in the breadth and extent of required system changes and in the legal, political, and organizational dynamics surrounding state responses to federal oversight. Ultimately, the study offers insights and perspectives that can inform the continued refinement of federal and state policies, and improve the public safety effectiveness of the nation’s SORN systems.
Shaping Ability of WaveOne Gold Primary in combination with different glide path file systems in curved root canals
Authors: YEŞİLDAL YETER Kübra , GÜNEŞ Betül , BAYRAKDAR İbrahim Şevki
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the centering ability and the apical transportation of curved root canals after preparation with WaveOne Gold single-file reciprocating system with guidance of different glide path systems by using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Methods:Seventy-two extracted mandibular first molar teeth with curved mesial roots were selected for this study. Specimens were randomly divided into six experimental groups according to the root canal preparation (n = 12): Group G-File; Group One G; Group ProGlider; Group PathFile; Group K-files; and Group control. After forming a glide path, root canal preparation procedure was completed with WaveOne Gold primary instrument (#25). Cone-beam computed tomographic images of specimens were taken before and after root canal preparation procedure. Apical transportation and centering ability were evaluated at 1, 4, and 7 mm from the apical foramen. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test at a significance level of P = 0.05. Results:There were no significant differences among all experimental groups. (p > 0.05) Conclusion:Creating a glide path in curved root canals with either NiTi glide path files or stainless still manuel K-files before root canal preparation with WaveOne Gold Primary caused similar apical transportation and centering ability results with no glide path used group.
FLORİD İÇERİKLİ RESTORATİF MATERYALLERİN FLORİD SALIMI VE FLORİDLE YENİDEN YÜKLENEBİLME ÖZELLİKLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KARACA Zehra , AKBAY OBA Aylin , ÖZALP Nurhan , ÖZMEN DERKUŞ Tuğçe , TAŞTEKİN Mustafa
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı florid içerikli farklı restoratif materyallerin (Geleneksel cam iyonomer siman, İonofil U; Rezin modifiye cam iyonomer siman, Photac Fil Quick Aplicap; Cam hibrit restoratif materyal, Equia Forte; Cam karbomer, Glass Fil ve Giomer, Beautifil II) in vitro koşullarda florid salım özelliklerini ve floridle yeniden yüklenebilme kapasitelerini karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Restoratif materyallerinin her birinden 16 adet disk şeklinde örnekler hazırlanmış, örnekler, deney periyodu boyunca 5 ml deiyonize su içeren polietilen tüplerde, 37°C’de bekletilmiştir. Örneklerin florid salım konsantrasyonları 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 ve 28. günlerde ölçülmüş, 28. günde örneklere 4 dakika boyunca 2 ml % 1,23’lük Asidüle fosfat florid jel (İonite) uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 ve 28. günlerde materyallerin florid salım konsantrasyonları ölçülerek, floridle yeniden yüklenebilme kapasiteleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: İonofil U’nun ilk iki gün boyunca istatistiksel olarak diğer materyallerden daha fazla miktarda florid salımı ve floridle yeniden yüklenebilme kapasitesi gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Takip eden 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 ve 28. günlerde ise Equia Forte’un istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde diğer materyallerden daha yüksek konsantrasyonda florid salımı ve floridle yeniden yüklenebilme kapasitesi gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Tüm deney periyodu boyunca, florid salım konsantrasyonu ve floridle yeniden yüklenebilme kapasitesi en düşük olan materyalin ise Beautifil II olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05).
Sonuç: İonofil U ilk iki gün maksimum düzeyde florid iyonu salmasına rağmen, daha sonraki günlerde deney periyodu boyunca Equia Forte’un diğer materyallerden daha yüksek oranda florid salımı ve floridle yeniden yüklenebilme kapasitesi gösterdiği saptanmıştır.
Evolución y características de la desigualdad en México en el siglo XXI: desafíos para una nueva agenda pública
Authors: Vaca Jesús
Published: July 2020

Próximamente
Mental or Neural Representations: Justifying the terminology used in cognitive neuroscience
Authors: Carvalho Fabiana Mesquita , Figueiredo Nara M.
Published: July 2020

In this paper we investigate whether one of the most common uses of the concept of representation is justifiable by suggesting the conditions under which it can be accepted and how it can be related to mental states. We present mental states in terms of private experiences and public events. We argue that a representation is a relation involving three main elements as well as the user of the representation, and defend that the conditions in which we can conceive neural activity as representational are set by the context of observing a correlation between public events and patterns of neural activity. We aim at demonstrating that neural activity can be seen as both representational and non-representational - but rather constitutive - depending upon if we are considering public events under the perspective of the observer, or if we are considering private experiences under the subjective perspective.
Hermenêutica, Democracia, Emancipação
Authors: Debatin Gabriel
Published: July 2020

O presente texto é uma tradução do ensaio do filósofo italiano Gianni Vattimo originalmente intitulado "Ermeneutica, democrazia, emancipazione", publicado em 1999 na revista "Carte Italiane", da Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles (UCLA). O grande mérito filosófico do texto consiste em atribuir à teoria hermenêutica uma dimensão política, ante a qual historicamente a vertente é considerada alheia. Para tanto, o autor aborda tanto argumentos internos à hermenêutica para justificar sua politicidade inerente, quanto propõe concretos posicionamentos éticos e políticos - de ordem marcadamente progressista - que estão essencialmente alinhados àquilo que, no campo teórico-filosófico, a hermenêutica propõe. Embora redigido há duas décadas, o texto é assombrosamente atual no tocante às ameaças dos fundamentalismos, em acensão mundial, bem como em relação à tarefa da filosofia diante dos crescentes perigos impostos ao pensamento.
Música e linguagem na forma-ensaio Sobre alguns motivos em T. W. Adorno
Authors: Barbosa Ricardo
Published: July 2020

O artigo procura mostrar como alguns dos principais motivos da filosofia de Adorno, tais como a crítica ao sistema e ao pensamento discursivo, a superação do conceito pelo próprio conceito, o resgate do não-idêntico e a configuração do nome, constituem a “constelação de música e palavra”, característica da já clássica apologia adorniana da forma ensaio, da qual também resultam suas debilidades.
Gadamer e a experiência hermenêutica da arquitetura
Authors: Batista Gustavo Silvano
Published: July 2020

Na abordagem hermenêutica das obras de arte, Gadamer discute a arquitetura como uma das expressões artísticas na qual se pode reconsiderar a relação ontológico-interpretativa com as coisas em geral. Repensando a estrutura representativa própria da experiência hermenêutica das obras de arte, Gadamer introduz a arquitetura como uma expressão artística peculiar, na qual as obras de arte resistem aos posicionamentos estéticos atuais, reinserindo-as na esfera prática da vida. Essa tematização encontra ecos importantes na teoria e prática arquitetônicas, à medida que possibilita uma nova relação com as obras de arquitetura, para além das variáveis estéticas. O presente artigo, portanto, tem como objetivo discutir a experiência hermenêutica da arquitetura como um momento interpretativo decisivo da relação com as obras de arte, explicitando tanto o caráter ontológico-hermenêutico do pensamento de Gadamer quanto o traço hermenêutico das obras de arquitetura. Para isso, partimos de um diálogo estabelecido por Gadamer e dois arquitetos, Jacques Herzog e Pierre de Meuron sobre a essência da arquitetura. A resposta gadameriana indicou-nos o horizonte de tematização das obras arquitetônicas como extensão da experiência da obra de arte, tal como foi discutido em Verdade e Método, notadamente na discussão sobre a representação artística e a retomada das noções de ocasional e decorativo. A tematização hermenêutica encontra, por conseguinte, repercussões na teoria e prática arquitetônicas, indicando um horizonte alternativo de questionamento do sentido da arquitetura e urbanismo, situando-o e remetendo-o para o horizonte da vida em comum.
Modelos Dinâmicos Aplicados à Aprendizagem de Valores em Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Corrêa Nicholas Kluge , De Oliveira Nythamar
Published: July 2020

Especialistas em desenvolvimento de Inteligência Artificial (IA) prevêem que o avanço no desenvolvimento de sistemas e agentes inteligentes irá remodelar áreas vitais em nossa sociedade. Contudo, se tal avanço não for realizado de maneira prudente e crítico-reflexiva, pode resultar em desfechos negativos para a humanidade. Por este motivo, diversos pesquisadores na área têm desenvolvido uma concepção de IA robusta, benéfica e segura para a preservação da humanidade e do meio-ambiente. Atualmente, diversos dos problemas em aberto no campo de pesquisa em IA advêm da dificuldade de evitar comportamentos indesejados de agentes e sistemas inteligentes, e ao mesmo tempo especificar o que realmente  queremos que tais sistemas façam, especialmente quando prospectamos a possibilidade de agentes inteligentes atuarem em vários domínios ao longo prazo. É de suma importância que agentes inteligentes artificiais tenham seus valores alinhados com os valores humanos, dado ao fato de que não podemos esperar que uma IA desenvolva valores morais humanos por conta de sua inteligência, conforme é discutido na Tese da Ortogonalidade. Talvez tal dificuldade venha da maneira que estamos abordando o problema de expressar objetivos, valores e metas, utilizando de métodos cognitivos representacionais.  Uma solução para este problema seria a abordagem dinâmica proposta por Dreyfus, que com base na filosofia fenomenológica mostra que a experiência humana do ser-no-mundo em diversos aspectos não é bem representada pelo método cognitivo simbólico ou conexionista, especialmente na questão de aprendizagem de valores. Uma possível abordagem para esse problema seria a utilização de modelos téoricos como SED (situated embodied dynamics) para abordar o porblema de aprendizagem de valores em IA.
“Por uma democracia forte”!
Authors: Schütz Rosalvo , Pontel Evandro
Published: July 2020

Entrevista realizada com o Prof. Dr. Hans-Georg Flickinger.
Memória, ética e estética: algumas considerações a partir de Adorno, Levinas e Gur-Ze’ev
Authors: Picoli Bruno Antonio , Guilherme Alexandre Anselmo
Published: July 2020

A reflexão parte da tarefa que Benjamin atribui aos que estão vivos: originar um verdadeiro “estado de exceção”. Compreende-se que essa é a tarefa primeira de uma Educação Histórica ética e estética. O artigo está organizado em três partes que compreendem os três elementos indissociáveis que constituem os primeiros movimentos no sentido de superar o “estado de Exceção” da violência sem memória. Na primeira parte, discutimos, a partir de Adorno, o “estado de exceção” da violência sem memória e reafirmamos o dever de memória que se opõe a barbárie. Na segunda parte, comentamos, seguindo Levinas, a ética da responsabilidade. Na terceira, analisamos a estética do Eros contraeducativo de Gur-Ze’ev. Conclui-se que a postura de um pensar histórico ético e estético perpassa a recusa de esquecer e o desenvolvimento de uma atitude crítica para consigo mesmo, para com o Outro, e finalmente para com a realidade.
Dostoiévski por Adorno: a metafísica literária da vida danificada no romance “O duplo”
Authors: Freitas Verlaine
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do texto é fazer uma análise das menções de Theodor Adorno à obra de Dostoiévski, enfatizando as relações entre a concepção do filósofo sobre a “vida danificada” e a obra literária do autor russo. Está em jogo demonstrar o quanto a “epopeia negativa” vista por Adorno em Dostoiévski se corporifica no delineamento de uma subjetividade subterrânea a partir da ideia de um excesso subjetivo fragmentado, que desemboca na ideia de má-consciência e, por fim, na falência psíquica. Tais elementos serão investigados na interpretação do romance “O duplo. Poema petersburguense”, de Dostoiévski.
Bioética em tempos de pandemia: Testes clínicos com Cloroquina para tratamento de COVID-19
Authors: Bonella Alcino Eduardo , Araujo Marcelo de , Dall’Agnoll Darlei
Published: July 2020

Defendemos a necessidade de que se atue com rigor ético durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus e que não se afrouxem os padrões científicos e normativos nas pesquisas sobre possíveis medicamentos, em especial a Cloroquina, para a COVID-19. Argumentamos que, excepcionalmente, seria justificado pular algumas etapas na realização de testes clínicos ou tratamentos experimentais, mas que é inadequado fazer um uso indiscriminado de medicamentos off label para tratar pacientes enquanto os resultados das pesquisas não forem publicados em veículos de comprovada reputação científica. Para sustentar essa posição, aplicamos princípios bioéticos e da ética médica. Defendemos que políticas públicas para o uso de Cloroquina durante a pandemia não devem ser implementadas até que sejam divulgados os resultados das pesquisas realizadas pela “Coalizão COVID Brasil” e pela Solidarity da OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde).
Apresentação
Authors: De Castro Fabio Caprio Leite , Pontel Evandro
Published: July 2020

Apresentação do v. 65, n. 2, 2020.
Funkcjonowanie nastolatków w fandomie Harry’ego Pottera w ich narracji
Authors: Wojtkowska Lilianna Marta
Published: July 2020

Cel: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie stylów funkcjonowania nastolatka w społeczności fanowskiej Harry’ego Pottera w jego narracji, a także poznanie kultury tejże jako przykładu kultury pobocznej kultury popularnej.

Metody: Aby zrealizować założony cel, zostały wykorzystane następujące metody: wywiad narracyjny, obserwacja uczestnicząca oraz analiza hermeneutyczna treści stworzonych przez fanów cyklu o Harrym Potterze. W artykule starano się opisać problem w sposób gadamerowski: od ogółu do szczegółu, zwracając uwagę na kwestie: kulturalne, pedagogiczne, psychologiczne i socjologiczne. W związku z tym rozważania uzupełniono o koncepcję psychologii twórczości Edwarda Nęcki czy kultury uczestnictwa Henry’ego Jenkinsa.

Wyniki: Nastolatkowie czynnie uczestniczą w życiu fandomu poprzez kształtowanie jego struktury oraz tworzenie fanfiction. W tymże środowisku młodzi ludzie dążą do nawiązywania interakcji interpersonalnych poprzez wymianę zdań na interesujący ich temat, np. zasadności istnienia danego pairingu czy schematycznej budowy fanfika, ale również podejmowanie współpracy z innymi fanami-autorami. W fandomie występuje hierarchia członków, na czele której znajdują się fani-autorzy uważani za tzw. klasycznych twórców fanfiction.

Wnioski: Pasja, jaką jest zgłębianie uniwersum powieści (tu: cyklu powieściowego „Harry Potter”) oraz jego modyfikowanie, staje się przyczynkiem do poszukiwania docelowej grupy fanów, w której nastolatek byłby akceptowany, lubiany i doceniany. Nastolatkowie odnoszą sukcesy w koegzystowaniu w fandomie, ale również ponoszą porażki. Innymi słowy kultura uczestnictwa sprzyja procesowi socjalizacji będącej według Antoniny Kłoskowskiej m.in. wpływem materialnym aparatu kultury (Kłoskowska, 1969, s. 325). Ponadto tworzenie fanfiction ma wartość edukacyjną, a mianowicie udoskonala kompetencje twarde i miękkie kilkunastolatków.