bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting hierarchical soil biogeochemical modeling: version 2 of the Biogeochemical Transport and Reaction model (BeTR-v2)
Authors: Tang Jinyun , Riley William J. , Zhu Qing
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Reliable soil biogeochemical modeling is a prerequisite
for credible projections of climate change and associated ecosystem
feedbacks. This recognition has called for frameworks that can support
flexible and efficient development and application of new or alternative
soil biogeochemical modules in Earth system models (ESMs). The the Biogeochemical Transport and Reaction model version 1 (BeTR-v1) code
(i.e., CLM4-BeTR) is one such framework designed to accelerate the
development and integration of new soil biogeochemistry formulations into
ESMs and to analyze structural uncertainty in ESM simulations. With a
generic reactive transport capability, BeTR-v1 can represent multiphase
(e.g., gaseous, aqueous, and solid), multi-tracer (e.g., nitrate and organic
carbon), and multi-organism (e.g., plants, bacteria, and fungi) dynamics.
Here, we describe the new version, Biogeochemical Transport and Reaction model version 2 (BeTR-v2), which adopts more robust
numerical solvers for multiphase diffusion and advection and coupling
between biogeochemical reactions and improves code modularization over
BeTR-v1. BeTR-v2 better supports different mathematical formulations in a
hierarchical manner by allowing the resultant model be run for a
single topsoil layer or a vertically resolved soil column, and it allows the model to be fully coupled
with the land component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). We
demonstrate the capability of BeTR-v2 with benchmark cases and example soil biogeochemical (BGC)
implementations. By taking advantage of BeTR-v2's generic structure
integrated in E3SM, we then found that calibration could not resolve biases
introduced by different numerical coupling strategies of plant–soil
biogeochemistry. These results highlight the importance of numerically
robust implementation of soil biogeochemistry and coupling with hydrology,
thermal dynamics, and plants – capabilities that the open-source BeTR-v2
provides. We contend that Earth system models should strive to minimize this uncertainty by applying better numerical solvers.
МИКРОКЛОНАЛЬНОЕ РАЗМНОЖЕНИЕ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В IN VITRO
Authors: КАНТАРБАЕВА Э.Е.
Published: February 2022

В области проблем, решаемых в растениеводстве с помощью метода культуры тканей, вегетативное микроклональное размножение растений наиболее подробно изучено и широко внедрено в производство. Наибольшие практические результаты достигнуты на основе этой технологии и создана биоиндустрия микроклонального размножения растений. Из статьи можно будет получить представление об изученности данного вопроса.

In the field of problems solved in crop production using the tissue culture method, vegetative microclonal reproduction of plants has been studied in the most detail and widely introduced into production. The greatest practical results have been achieved on the basis of this technology and the bioindustry of microclonal reproduction of plants has been created. From the article it will be possible to get an idea of the study of this issue.
NEW TECHNOLOGICAL MODE (BY THE EXAMPLE OF SYSTEM ADAPTERS OF THE LIGHT)
Authors: Serdyuchenko Lina Anatolievna
Published: February 2022

The article examines the role of Svetlica system adapters as harbingers of a new technological order combining the achievements of electronics and informatization and the resources of the human brain.
Distribusi Parameter Oseanografi Dengan Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Pelagis Kecil Untuk Pemetaan Distribusi Daerah Potensial Penangkapan Di Perairan Teluk Weda
Authors: Baharudin Abdulharis , Tangke Umar , Titaheluw Syahnul S
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variasi spasial dan temporal konsentrasi klorofil-a dan sebaran suhu permukaan laut di perairan Teluk weda kabupaten Halmahera Tengah dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, dan menganalisis hubungan konsentrasi klorofil-a dan suhu permukaan laut dengan hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis di perairan Teluk Weda Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian empirik dengan metode eksperimental fishing, yaitu kegiatan penelitian yang dilakukan bersamaan dengan kegiatan penangkapan oleh nelayan. Proses pengambilan data primer berupa data posisi tangkap, jumlah hasil tangkapan, suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a dilakukan dilapangan pada saat operasi penangkapan berlangsung. Hasil penelitian di perairan teluk weda kondisi klorofil-a pada perairan teluk weda cukup fluktuatif pada bulan September 2020 sampai Februari 2021 dengan nilai rata-rata adalah 1.0 mg/m3, dan nilai terendah adalah 0.4 mg/m3 pada bulam Februari 2021 dan nilai tertinggi 1.8 mg/m3 pada bulan Oktober 2020. Jenis tangkapan ikan pelagis kecil yamg merupakan hasil tangkapan kapal KM. Panzer 01 diperairan teluk weda adalah terdiri dari ikan layang (Decapterus sp), tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) kembung (Rastreliger sp), dan selar (Selaroides sp). Komuditas tangkapan utama yang didaratkan adalah ikan layang yang merupakan spesies dominan dengan presentase mencapai 80-90% dari total hasil tangkapan.
Tackling the Complex Dynamics of Unsteady Flows
Authors: Taira Kunihiko
Published: February 2022

Controlling the behavior of flows around air, marine, and ground vehicles can greatly enhance their performance, efficiency, and safety. The high-dimensionality, strong nonlinearity, and multi-scale properties of these flows make effective their control a tremendous challenge. Without the reduction of the state variable dimension and extraction of important dynamics, the application of dynamical systems and control theory for flow control remains a difficult task. We focus on developing physics-based approaches to model and control complex fluid flows by leveraging modal analysis, data science, network science, machine learning, and high-performance computing. Equipped with these toolsets, we extract essential dynamics to facilitate the development of sparse and reduced-order models to design flow control techniques for high-dimensional unsteady fluid flows. We discuss some of the challenges and successes in characterizing, modeling, and controlling unsteady bluff-body wakes and stalled flows over wings. The techniques developed here are validated with DNS and LES.
ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA E AS DIFICULDADES DE OBTENÇÃO DE DADOS SOBRE OS REPASSES FINANCEIROS RELACIONADOS A AIDS/HIV NA MICRORREGIÃO DE VARGINHA (MG)
Authors: Faccion Silva Larissa , Castro Dutra Júlia de , Celma Pires do Prado Furlanetto Maria , Do Carmo Pimenta Poliana , Cristhina de Azevedo Soares dos Santos Hadassa
Published: February 2022

Desde o surgimento do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV), com consequente desenvolvimento da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) na década de 80, a identificação da infecção tem sido um marco para a ciência, sendo considerada um problema de saúde pública. Atualmente cerca de 920 mil pessoas convivem com o HIV/AIDS no Brasil e, na microrregião de Varginha, com população estimada de 478 mil habitantes, entre os anos de 2010 a 2020, foram diagnosticadas 510 pessoas com HIV e 533 pessoas convivendo com a AIDS, consequentemente, o aumento de gastos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde com medicamentos para tratamento e ampliação da sobrevida dos pacientes foi extremamente notável, entretanto informações como estas apresentaram dificuldades e barreiras de serem obtidas, visto a escassez e burocratização dos mesmos nos sistemas de informações. Assim, o presente artigo teve como objetivo investigar as dificuldades encontradas na obtenção de dados financeiros e epidemiológicos relacionados a HIV/AIDS na microrregião de Varginha, nos últimos 10 anos. A importância em compreender a infecção em seu início é essencial para diagnóstico, visto que permite a tomada de decisões terapêuticas alternativas, evitando a replicação viral exacerbada, amenizando o quadro da AIDS e seus posteriores danos sistêmicos, que promovem maiores despesas para os órgãos públicos. Portanto, o estudo epidemiológico na microrregião de Varginha apresenta grande importância, pois pode auxiliar na elaboração de programas eficazes para controle da infecção por parte dos governantes, além de contribuir para o controle e conscientização das populações vulneráveis, trazendo benefícios para a saúde pública da região.
Metodologia para estimativa de demanda em uma rede cicloviária baseada no conceito de pontos de interesse
Authors: Pfeffer Guilherme Moyses , Paschoal da Silva Walber
Published: February 2022

A alta taxa de ocupação do solo urbano, assim como eventuais restrições técnicas e financeiras, enfrentadas por muitas cidades brasileiras, podem gerar dificuldades para o planejamento adequado de sua rede cicloviária. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma metodologia simplificada, com baixos custos de aplicação, capaz de auxiliar os técnicos durante o processo de planejamento de uma rede cicloviária, de forma confiável e acessível a todas as cidades, independentemente de seus recursos disponíveis. A metodologia apresenta as etapas para identificação dos pontos de interesse de viagens de bicicleta, definição do traçado das ciclovias e estimativa da demanda futura, e é testada através de um estudo de caso aplicado à Região Oceânica da cidade de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Também é realizado um levantamento de tendências para medir possíveis mudanças nos hábitos de transportes locais e prever uma eventual demanda reprimida. Os resultados demonstram a eficácia e relevância da metodologia proposta, revelando um possível crescimento, até 2030, de 102 % no fluxo atual de ciclistas e de 12 % na participação modal para viagens urbanas.
Analysis and Implementation of PlayFair Chipper Algorithm in Text Data Encoding Process
Authors: Pristiwanto Pristiwanto , Heri Sunandar  , Berto Nadeak
Published: February 2022

This research discusses the implementation of Playfair Cipher to encode text data. Playfair Cipher is one of the classic cryptographic algorithms that use symmetry keys. Originally invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone and Baron Lyon Playfair, the algorithm used a 5x5 keyboard to encrypt and decrypt. The process of encryption and decryption is done by grouping the letters in a bigram. By using a 5x5 keyboard, we can encrypt plaintext (original text data to be encrypted) and decrypt the ciphertext (encrypted text data) by grouping it by removing the letter J from plaintext. The keypad is generated randomly by the software so that each encoding process (encryption and decryption) can use different keys. The software is also used to prove the correctness of the encryption and decryption results of the Playfair Cipher with cube keyboards.  Cipher Playfair software is developed using the C++ language and is console-based in a Windows development environment.
ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION CONDITIONS AND CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIVING BEHAVIOR (PHBS) IN GUNUNGPATI SUBDISTRICT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Dyah Safitri Adeilla
Published: February 2022

Elementary school-age children belong to a vulnerable group to various infectious diseases such as ISPA, Pneumonia, eye infections, worm infections, and skin diseases. The purpose of this study is to find out the sanitary conditions of the environment and PHBS in the elementary school environment of Gunungpati Subdistrict. The method in this study is a combination method (mix methods) with sequential explanatory design approach. Sampel in this study 34 elementary schools and 100 students of class V. Informants in this study are principals, teachers, janitors, health center workers. Quantitative data analysis uses univariate and bivariate while qualitative uses 3 stages, namely reduction, presentation, and withdrawal of conclusions. The results showed environmental sanitation was 50% good and 50% less good. Good knowledge levels as much as 73% and less good 27%, good attitudes as much as 60% and less good as much as 40%, good actions as much as 56% and less good as much as 44%. There is a relationship of knowledge and action p-value 0.011 and there is a relationship of attitude and action p-value 0.015. Sanitation and PHBS primary school Gunungpati Subdistrict is not contained in the subjects in the school The advice of this study is that the school increases the insights related to PHBS to make PHBS a habit.
A satellite study of cloud clusters over southeast Asia during SMONEX-79
Authors: GOSWAMI V.K. , MARTIN D.W. , SIKDAR D. N.
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the distribution, size, intensity, lifetime and trajectories of the 'SMONEX' clusters of southeast Asia (0-30° N, 70-120° E). Defence Meteorological. Satellite Program (DMSP) infrared (day and night) and visible (day) pictures for June, July & August .1979 were used. It was found that life-time of cloud clusters averaged more than day (31 hours) and it increased with size and intensity. The intense and very 1arge clusters were found to be related with monsoon depressions. The oceanic clusters were more active " than those over the land. The cluster activity was significantly greater night than at day during SMONBX. Comparative studies showed that SMONEX clusters were slower movement but of longer lifetime than GATE cluster
Forecasting of severe convective activity over Lucknow In pre-monsoon months
Authors: LAL R.
Published: February 2022

. In this paper the role of stability index (SI), mean relative humidity (MRH) from 00 and 12 GMT radiosonde ascents and dewpoint from 03 GMT synoptic observations of Lucknow for the period March to May 1985-88 has been examined.  The study reveals the SI value—4 or less, MRH 45% and above with dew point above normal are favourable for thunderstorm occurrence, Presence of large amplitude troughs in mid and upper tropospheric westerlies prove effective when these are around 70 oE.
Estimated monthly mean wave heights in Indian seas
Authors: RAY T. K.
Published: February 2022

Wave data over Indian seas are rare. For ocean going vessels' routing and planning of coastal and offshore installations, mean wave heights are important. An attempt has been made in this study to estimate the wave height based on climatologically mean winds using a semi-empirical wind-wave equation. Computed wave heights have been compared with actual wave observations collected during ISMEX-73 and -MONEX- 79 and have been found comparable. Wave observations from Bombay High oil rigs also have been found comparable with computed values.
Sodar echo patterns and study of thermal Plumes over Thumba
Authors: KUNHIKRISHNAN P. K. , NAIR K. NARAYANAN , SENGUPTA K. , RAMACHANDRAN RADHIKA , PRAKASH J. WINSTON JEEVA
Published: February 2022

An investigation has been made on the behavior of the thermal plume height in the daytime Convective Boundary Layer (CBL) using facsimile record data obtained from a Doppler Sodar which has been ill operation at Thumba, at a site located close to the Arabian Sea coast. The records from 1983 to 1987 have been taken to observe the typical features of the boundary layer at Thumba. To study the daytime variation of the thermal plume height in relation to surface temperature, 140 clear days in the year 1984 have been chosen. Thermal plume heights were found to peak between 1000 & 1200 IST during January to May 1984, with an exception of April, and from October to December 1984. For the rest of the months, it is seen that the daytime variation does not show any significant peak. The results are discussed III detail.
Influence of water stress in wheat crop yield
Authors: BRAN SUBHASH CRANDER , BISHNOI O.P. , RAO V.U.M.
Published: February 2022

. Effect of different irrigation levels on yield, dry matter production, water use efficiency and leaf area index were studied: Relationship of water use under differential irrigation was round to be significant on three accumulated stress indices derived from canopy temperature, viz., canopy temperature, stress degree days and crop water stress index. Final grain yields were significantly correlated with these indices. It was envisaged that these indices can be exploited for crop yield prediction at large scale farmer's field for operational applications
Finite mixture of extreme value distribution For rainfall frequency analysis
Authors: UPADHYAY D. S. , KAUR SURINDER
Published: February 2022

A mixture or EV1 and EV1 distributions has been tried for the frequency analysis of 24- hourly maximum rain all series (70 years} at Bhuj containing 3-4 outliers. In a second case, study, a mixture EV1 and EV1 I.S used to describe extreme rainfall (58 years) of Dinhata. A finite mixture of EV distributions provides a better fit in all those cases where EV1 alone over or under estimates return period values.
Current clinical ethics of approaches and challenges to AIDS management
Authors: Jawad Unaiza , Chaudhary Sadia , Arif Zainab , Jawaid Hina , Nazim Uzma , Iqbal Waqas , Abbas Sharmeen
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to find the ethical challenges to AIDS management in Pakistan. Such acquired immune deficiency syndrome has emerged as a devastating disease for many years. This study was based on a survey performed from April 2021 to July 2021. This survey was attempted by the doctors, medical staff who were dealing the patients with AIDS. It is also filled by the patients and their families to access the ethical approach and challenges relevant to doctors or medical staff at the clinical level.  The ethics of approaches and challenges to AIDS management was accessed through queries of the questionnaire. Overall results of the study indicated that we need a proper management system, train the medical staff to engage in AIDS patient's care about basic rules of ethics.
الأثر الوظيفي للإعلام النسوي في الاصلاح السيدة زينب (عليها السلام ) أنموذجا
Authors: مهدي ايمان صالح
Published: February 2022

تمثل وقفة الحوراء (عليها السلام) فرصة كبرى لإظهار شجاعة المرأة المسلمة،وقوتها في مقارعة الظلم والطغيان ، لكننا نجد ضعف المعرفة بقائدة الإعلام الحسيني (عليها السلام) ، وضعف استثمار قوتها الإعلامية ووقفتها التاريخية. فخطب الحوراء (عليها السلام) تعد وثيقة  كبرى للتصدي بوجه الظالم  يمكن
Evolución de la protesta en España (2000-2017) un análisis de sus ciclos y características
Authors: Romanos Eduardo , Sádaba Igor
Published: February 2022

Este artículo explora la evolución de la contienda política en la España del siglo xxi a través de un análisis de acontecimientos de protesta (Protest Event Analysis) basado en una nueva y amplia base de datos (n = 4.062). El análisis permite distinguir diversos ciclos de protesta y discutir cambios y continuidades en la acción de los movimientos sociales. Mientras la protesta anterior a la Gran Recesión gira en torno a conflictos en muchos casos globales, a partir de entonces tiende a concentrarse en el nivel nacional y local en cuanto a espacios, demandas y objetivos. Partidos y sindicatos se muestran todavía relevantes al mismo tiempo que surgen nuevos actores y se revitalizan otros en una dinámica de movimiento/contramovimiento. El artículo analiza estas y otras características de los ciclos de protesta.
Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Daun Kelor Sebagai Makanan Ringan Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat Kelurahan Panggi Kota Bima
Authors: Ismunandar Ismunandar , Mulyadin Mulyadin , Triyadi Azwar
Published: February 2022

This community service activity aims to provide training on how toprocessing Moringa leaves into snacks and increasing public knowledge about business opportunities that can produce the basic ingredients of Moringa leaves. In the implementation of community service, there are several steps or forms of activities that will be carried out, including seminars and practice methods. In this community service, targets that are considered strategic to be involved in community service are people who mostly have Moringa plants and are interested in using the Moringa plant. Business from Moringa leaves has good prospects because the Bima City area has a lot of Moringa plants that can grow by themselves. In addition, most of the people of Bima City are aware of the benefits and nutritional value contained in Moringa leaves. If the business of utilizing Moringa leaves as a light raw material can be developed, it will have an effect on improving the economy of the people living in Panggi, Bima City.
Program Peningkatan Kewirausahaan Melalui Media Digital Untuk Pondok Yatim Putri Human Initiative
Authors: Handayani Meutia , Sari Devi Mulia , Eriva Cut Yunina
Published: February 2022

this community service is carried out as a form of responsibility of Aceh Polytechnic Higher Education academics for the surrounding social environment. The object of this community service is the Pondok Santri Putri Human Initiative which has carried out entrepreneurial activities. There are several obstacles faced by the students so far. These obstacles include their lack of understanding of technology, the absence of a brand (brand) for their products so that later it will be difficult to market and promote online, and their understanding who have not been able to promote products digitally. From the problems faced, this community service activity is carried out to be able to help the students. This community service is carried out by conducting workshops to train in making attractive and competitive brands in online sales, as well as training students to market their products digitally through social media. The results of this study are expected to increase the income of the students through the products they produce
Standarisasi Dan Strategi Membangun Usaha Olahan Kemasan Berkualitas Di Desa Mundusewu Kecamatan Bareng
Authors: Sa’adah Lailatus , Taqiyuddin Akhmad Taqiyuddin , Hasanah Ulfatun , Fanani Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Revolution 4.0 changes the mindset millennial generation in developing science and discovering several discoveries in the field of technology. Millennial generations who are sensitive to technological developments can master and implement existing technological advances to change the consumptive civilization from offline to online. The internet has a very important role in the Covid-19 era with high competitiveness that can produce innovations in building or developing products and businesses that are managed by students as millennials. With this opportunity, it makes it easier for students to promote various types of products as a source of income, and if managed further they can be used as a source of funding for lectures. The problems experienced by students in entrepreneurship are the difficulty of promoting goods and the lack of innovating a product that is more value-added and the lack of capital for the next business development. Therefore, the Ramadhan bazaar activity program organized by SITE Bima aims to foster and develop an entrepreneurial spirit among students so that they can increase the potential, creativity, innovation in students, and become a forum or business community that can be developed into start-ups. digital business. The method applied in this activity is the preparation of activities, implementation of activities, monitoring, and reporting. After carrying out this activity students can survive by doing entrepreneurship independently in the Covid-19 era and creating new product innovations.
Flavonoids occurring in the sticky resin on Roridula dentata and Roridula gorgonias (Roridulaceae)
Authors: Wollenweber Eckhard
Published: February 2022

The leaves of Roridula dentata L. and Roridula gorgonias Planch., two South African plant species, bear numerous glandular hairs, with droplets of sticky liquid at their tips. The plants’ habitus thus largely resembles that of many Drosera species, and also Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link (Droseraceae)1. The resemblance is further indicated by the fact that Roridula plants trap insects very successfully.
Variations in the content and isozymic composition of nepenthesin in the pitcher fluids among Nepenthes species
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Tanji Masao , Shibata Chiaki
Published: February 2022

Carnivorous plants are of great evolutionary interest in their function to catch prey (mainly insects) to digest their proteins as a nitrogen source. Among them, Nepenthes species utilize pitchers which contain digestive fluid with the acid proteinase nepenthesin.
Ecophysiological investigation on Drosophyllum lusitanicum: Why doesn't the plant dry out?
Authors: Adamec Lubomir
Published: February 2022

Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link (Portuguese dewy pine; Droseraceae) is the only carnivorous plant with distinctly xerophytic features even during the growing season, in great contrast to the general strategy in other carnivorous plants. It grows sporadically in a limited area in the subtropical Southern and Western parts of the Iberian Peninsula in Spain and Portugal as well as at the northernmost tip of Africa in Morocco.
New Cultivars
Authors: Bily Guillaume , Concepts Real Keehn , Azais Cedric , Srba Miroslav , Barnes Brian , Jang Dr. Gi-Won , Yoon Wook Hyon
Published: February 2022

The cultivars Dionaea 'Scarlet Bristle', Byblis liniflora 'David', Sarracenia 'Orange Fire', Sarracenia 'French Kiss', Dionaea 'Korean Melody Shark', Dionaea 'Korrigans', Sarracenia 'Přemysl Otakar I', Sarracenia 'Rudolf II', and Sarracenia 'Bordeaux Red Wine' are described.
New Cultivars: Pinguicula 'Johanna', Dionaea muscipula 'Coquillage', Dionaea muscipula 'Alien', Sarracenia 'Johnny Marr'
Authors: Weinberger Christian , Bily Guillaume , Soper Matthew
Published: February 2022

The cultivars Dionaea muscipula 'Alien', Dionaea muscipula 'Coquillage', Pinguicula 'Johanna', and Sarracenia 'Johnny Marr' are described.
Time to care-seeking for TB symptoms
Authors: Mmolawa L. , Siwelana T. , Hanrahan C. F. , Lebina L. , Martinson N. A. , Dowdy D. , Nonyane B. A. S.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Early presentation to healthcare facilities is critical for early diagnosis and treatment of TB. We studied self-reported time to care-seeking from the onset of TB symptoms among primary healthcare clinic (PHC) attendees in Limpopo Province, South Africa.METHODS:
We used data from participants enrolled in a cluster-randomized trial of TB case finding in 56 PHC clinics across two health districts. We fitted log-normal accelerated failure time regression models and we present time ratios (TRs) for potential risk factors.RESULTS: We included
2,160 participants. Among the 1,757 (81%) diagnosed with active TB, the median time to care-seeking was 30 days (IQR 14–60); adults sought care later than children/adolescents (adjusted TR aTR 1.47, 95% CI 1.10–1.96). Among those not diagnosed with TB, the median was 14 days (IQR
7–60); being HIV-positive (aTR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03–2.40); having less than grade 8 education and currently smoking were associated with longer time to care-seeking. In the combined analysis, living with HIV and having underlying active TB was associated with faster care-seeking (TB
status x HIV interaction: TR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48–0.96).CONCLUSION: Delay in care-seeking was associated with age, lower education and being a current smoker. TB awareness campaigns targeting these population groups may improve care-seeking behavior and reduce community TB transmission.
Clinical standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB infection
Authors: Migliori G. B. , Wu S. J. , Matteelli A. , Zenner D. , Goletti D. , Ahmedov S. , Al-Abri S. , Allen D. M. , Balcells M. E. , Garcia-Basteiro A. L. , Cambau E. , Chaisson R. E. , Chee C. B. E. , Dalcolmo M. P. , Denholm J. T. , Erkens C. , Esposito S. , Farnia P. , Friedland J. S. , Graham S. , Hamada Y. , Harries A. D. , Kay A. W. , Kritski A. , Manga S. , Marais B. J. , Menzies D. , Ng D. , Petrone L. , Rendon A. , Silva D. R. , Schaaf H. S. , Skrahina A. , Sotgiu G. , Thwaites G. , Tiberi S. , Tukvadze N. , Zellweger J.-P. , D´Ambrosio L. , Centis R. , Ong C. W. M.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) decreases the risk of developing TB disease and its associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of these clinical standards is to guide the assessment, management of TB infection (TBI) and implementation of TPT.METHODS:
A panel of global experts in the field of TB care was identified; 41 participated in a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale was used to score the initial standards. After rounds of revision, the document was approved with 100% agreement.RESULTS: Eight clinical standards were defined:
Standard 1, all individuals belonging to at-risk groups for TB should undergo testing for TBI; Standard 2, all individual candidates for TPT (including caregivers of children) should undergo a counselling/health education session; Standard 3, testing for TBI: timing and test of choice should
be optimised; Standard 4, TB disease should be excluded prior to initiation of TPT; Standard 5, all candidates for TPT should undergo a set of baseline examinations; Standard 6, all individuals initiating TPT should receive one of the recommended regimens; Standard 7, all individuals who have
started TPT should be monitored; Standard 8, a TBI screening and testing register should be kept to inform the cascade of care.CONCLUSION: This is the first consensus-based set of Clinical Standards for TBI. This document guides clinicians, programme managers and public health officers
in planning and implementing adequate measures to assess and manage TBI.
The optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a biomarker of COVID-19 using screen-printed carbon electrode/AuNP
Authors: Kurnia Sari Arum , Yeni Wahyuni Hartati  , Shabarni Gaffar  , Isa Anshori  , Darmawan Hidayat  , Hesti Lina Wiraswati
Published: February 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus identified as the cause of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The gold standard for detecting this virus is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The electrochemical biosensor method can be an alternative method for detecting several biomolecules, such as viruses, because it is proven to have several advantages, including portability, good sensitivity, high specificity, fast response, and ease of use. This study aims to optimize an electro­chemical aptasensor using an AuNP-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with an aptamer to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2. Aptasensors with the streptavidin-biotin system were immobilized on the SPCE/AuNP surface via covalent bonding with linkers to 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and electrochemically characterized by the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox system using differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the immobi­lized aptamer on the SPCE/AuNP electrode surface experienced a decrease in current from 11.388 to 4.623 µA. The experimental conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design for the three factors that affect the current response. The results of the optimization of the three parameters are the concentration of aptamer, incubation time of aptamer, and incubation time of RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2, each of which is 0.5 µg/mL, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes, respectively. The RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 with various concentrations was tested on an electrochemical aptasensor to determine the de­tection limit and quantification limit, and the respective results were 2.63 and 7.97 ng/mL. The electrochemical aptasensor that has been developed in this study can be applied to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a COVID-19 biomarker in a simple, practical, and sensitive way.
Calculation of Level Density Parameter of Nuclear Reaction Using Neural Network
Authors: Kurniadi Rizal , Perkasa Yuda Satya , Waris Abdul , Suwoto Suwoto
Published: February 2022

Level density parameter (LDP) calculation is dependent upon shell correction value, which usually is obtained by using Strutinsky method. The Strutinsky method is method that uses energy levels from certain potential as main input. Therefore for each mass number it strongly needs the energy levels calculation. The energy levels computation is time-consuming process; hence, the new application of computation technique is needed to reduce computation time. This paper explains the application of neural network in LDP calculation. Based on knowledge from box type and harmonic potentials, LDP is predicted by using arbitrary potential
Method to Estimate Mechanical Properties of Glulam on Flexure Testing Based on Its Laminae Characteristics and Position
Authors: Bahtiar Effendi Tri , Nugroho Naresworo , Massijaya Muh Yusram , Roliandi Han , Augusti Rentry , Satriawan Adi
Published: February 2022

Glulam strength is affected by its laminae characteristics and position. Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rupture of layer system (including glulam) is usually estimated by Transformed cross section (TCS) method recently. But, TCS does not follow the principal due to its contrary assumption related with the reduction of material’s plane area for laminae with lower E value and the extension of its plane area for laminae with higher E value. In fact the material properties are independent from its shape and size. Therefore, new calculation method is required. As the relevance, this paper discusses the formulation of a new method to determine the E and SR for glulam based on its laminae properties and position. E and SR calculated by TCS and new method give identical values. The new method confirms the independence of E and SR which could not be fulfilled by TCS. According to this fact, TCS could be replaced by new method. The theoretical E value was higher than its coresponding empirical value, but it has high correlation (R2=68.53%). On the contrary, the theoretical SR value was not significantly different from its coresponding empirical values, but they have poor correlation (R2=27.93%). This condition happened because of finger joint effect on the compression and tension side of the sample. Incorporating the finger joint effect into regression analysis, the equation provides very good prediction. The coefficients of determination were 99.58% and 97.19%, for E and SR respectively.
Calculation Procedure for Dynamic Condition of Ion Composition in Cell Walls Altered by Proton Fluxes
Authors: Arif Idam
Published: February 2022

The calculation procedure has been developed to determine the dynamic condition of the ion composition in cell walls during proton extrusion, known as the Weak Acid Donnan Manning (WADM) model for fluxes. In this model, the walls of plant cells are considered as a system containing weak acid polymers where the interaction of ions obeys the Manning condensation theory and the Donnan theory. When protons are transported across the walls during proton fluxes, the transported proton will interact with the wall ions and alter the ion composition. This depends on the wall parameters such as the concentration of ionisable sites, the pK of the wall weak acid, and the wall linear charge density parameter. When the linear charge density parameter is still higher than the reciprocal of the highest valence of the involve cations, the transported protons during proton fluxes will decrease the wall pH, alter the ion composition in the wall Donnan free space and water free space, and release the condensed cations. Therefore some of the proton fluxes are represented by the flux of the condensed cations outside the walls. However when the linear charge density parameter is less than the reciprocal of the highest valence of the involve cations, there is no condensed cations in the walls so that the transported protons only alter the ion composition in the wall Donnan free space and water free space.
Optimization of Small Pb-Bi Cooled Modified CANDLE Burnup based Long Life Fast Reactors
Authors: Su'ud Zaki , Asiah Aprianti Nur , Siti NM Rida , Sekimoto Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

In this study optimization of modified CANDLE burnup scheme based long life Pb-Bi Cooled Fast Reactors with natural Uranium as Fuel Cycle Input for small long life reactors has been performed. In this design the reactor cores are subdivided into several parts with the same volume in the axial directions. The natural uranium is initially put in region 1, after one cycle of 10 years of burn-up it is shifted to region 2 and the region 1 is filled by fresh natural uranium fuel. This concept is basically applied to all regions, i.e. shifted the core of I’th region into I+1 region after the end of 10 years burn-up cycle. In this paper we discuss the characteristics of several designs of small long life Pb-Bi cooled fast reactors with modified CANDLE burn-up scheme. Four power levels of 250MWt, 400MWt, 600MWt, and 800MWt were investigated. For 250MWt and 400MWt cores we employed 67.5% high fuel volume fraction nitride fuels with large pin diameter of 1.35 cm while for 600and 800MWt cores we employed 60% fuel volume fraction nitride fuel with 1.2 cm pin diameter. The results show that all cores show similar trend in k-eff pattern change, k-inf pattern change, conversion ratio pattern change, and U-238 and Pu-239 atomic density pattern changes. Maximum discharged burn-up is in the range of 26-33%HM, while peak power density is in the range of 340-410 W/cc.
Meat and Vitamin B3: Getting a Grip on Engel’s Curve
Authors: C. Williams Adrian , J. Hill Lisa
Published: February 2022

We evolved from herbivores to a meat eating “commons” in hunter-gatherer days and then to a non-egalitarian meat power struggle between classes and countries. Egalitarian-ism, trans-egalitarianism and extremes of inequality and hierarchy revolve around the fair-unfair distribution of meat surpluses and ownership of the means of meat production. Poor people on poor diets with too few micronutrients may explain many inequalities of human capital, height and health and divergent development of individuals and nations. Learning from past successes and collapses from switching trophic levels the lesson is that meat moderation toward the top of Engel’s curves, not calorie-centrism, is the best recipe for countries and classes. Improved health with longer lives and higher crystallised intelligence comes with an ample supply of micronutrients from animal products namely iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B12 and other methyl-donors (such as choline), and nicotinamide (vitamin B3). We concentrate on nicotinamide whose deficits cause the degenerative condition pellagra that manifests as poor emotional and degenerative cognitive states with stunted lives and complex antisocial and dysbiotic effects caused by and causing poverty.
Assessment of the Impacts of an Inheritance Taxation Relief on the Profitability of Forest Investments
Authors: Terreaux Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2022

The place and importance of forest biomass production is widely recognized in natural resources and energy policy in many countries. However, for a part of them, including France, the forest belongs mainly to private owners. Consequently, fiscal policy, including inheritance taxes, is an essential tool to orient biomass production. France is one of the countries where an inheritance tax is levied. In the case of forests, given the slow production cycle, this means that each tree is taxed several times before it reaches maturity. This situation could discourage the practice of forestry. For this reason, a tax abatement has been introduced, which consists of taxing forests at only one-quarter of their value in the calculation of the inheritance tax. This abatement is subject to a commitment to good management for 30 years. Thus not all forests benefit from it. In this work, we intend to quantify this advantage when it is attributed, so that the interested parties can compare it to the costs and inconveniences of the commitment, and above all, to estimate the additional profitability that it provides to the forest compared to other investment alternatives, all other things being equal. To this end, we set up a demographic model to represent the inheritance sequence and an economic model with the current tax rates. In the end, we find that this tax rebate is a good incentive to invest in the forest, and therefore to produce more biomass on the long term and a good incentive to produce the significant positive externalities associated with the presence of forests.
Salmonellain Wild Animals: A Public Health Concern
Authors: Jullia Eudoxia dos Santos Eliege , Teixeira Sampaio Lopes Amanda , Mendes Maciel Bianca
Published: February 2022

Wildlife can be a reservoir of infectious agents for humans and domestic and wild animals. In this regard, widespread Salmonella spp. in wildlife is a problem for public and environmental health. Currently, more than 2500 serovars of Salmonella spp. are widely distributed among humans, animals, and the environment. This ubiquity favors the bidirectional transmission of the pathogen between wild and domestic animals. Moreover, when farmed animals acquire Salmonella spp. from wildlife, the likelihood of humans becoming infected increases. The risk is higher in forest environments impacted by human activities or when animals are removed from their natural habitat. Consequently, human contact with wild animals in captivity increases the risk of salmonellosis outbreaks. These animals are often carriers of Salmonella spp. strains multiresistant to antibiotics, which makes it difficult to treat and control the disease. Therefore, prevention and control measures of this pathogen must include both the pathogen-host relationship and the environment, with a surveillance system for emerging and re-emerging diseases from wildlife.
ABO Blood Group and Thromboembolic Diseases
Authors: Hernaningsih Yetti
Published: February 2022

Thromboembolic diseases are usually inherited in the family. The tendency to repeat in an individual is a phenomenon that allows it to be studied. The inheritance and recurrence of thromboembolic diseases, of course, have individual risk factors for this occurrence. In the past, the ABO blood group was only needed for transfusion and organ transplant therapy. Over time, scientists think that blood type is a risk factor for certain diseases, including thromboembolism. Many studies divide between type O and non-O blood groups, both of which are distinguished by the presence of antigens on the cell surface and antibodies in the plasma of individuals. Type O does not have A, B antigens but has antibodies against A, B antigens, and vice versa for the non-O type. Many studies have shown that the non-O blood group has a risk factor for thromboembolic diseases, commonly due to higher levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII). These thromboembolic events can occur in arteries or venous. Thromboembolic manifestations are often associated with cardiovascular diseases for arterial thrombosis; and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) for venous thromboembolism (VTE).
The Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rahimianfar Fatemeh
Published: February 2022

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common disorders and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are one of the main causes of death in the world. The Mediterranean diet has the efficacy to modulate CVD risk factors such as HTN, mainly because of olive tree products, which are the most pivotal ingredients in this diet. Among the olive tree products, olive leaf consists of many sorts of phenolic compounds and has several beneficial effects on human body, such as antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and especially anti-hypertensive effects. So, we conducted a new systematic review and meta-analysis on anti-hypertensive effect of OLE in adults. The meta-analysis showed a significant reduction effect of OLE on systolic blood pressure. The anti-hypertensive effect of OLE is mainly considered due to its principal phenolic compound known as oleuropein (OL), which reduces blood pressure by a number of particular mechanisms associated with its specific chemical characteristics.
A Novel Three-Input XOR Gate Based on Quantum Dot-Cellular Automata with Power Dissipation Analysis
Authors: Gassoumi Ismail , Touil Lamjed , Mtibaa Abdellatif
Published: February 2022

Recently, Low power and reduced heat dissipation are an increasing demand for digital systems. Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a future generation solution based on nanotechnology for the digital systems. The QCA systems have advantages like the small size, ultralow power consumption and high switching frequency. The present research aims at introducing a novel three-input XOR gate containing 12 cells. The energy dissipation analysis of the proposed gate is verified using three different energy levels (γ=0.5Ek,γ=1.0,Ek andγ=1.5Εκ) at T = 2 Kelvin temperature. Simulation is performed for the proposed gate using QCA Designer tool version 2.0.3. The proposed three-input XOR gate has less number of cells, area and energy dissipation as compared to the previous structures.
ASPECTOS TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICOS PARA O ENSINO DE EXPOSIÇÕES VIRTUAIS
Authors: Padilha Renata , Lopes Thainá Castro Costa Figueiredo
Published: February 2022

Este artigo trata das análises, planejamento e desenvolvimento de exposições virtuais no âmbito do ensino remoto emergencial implementado em função da pandemia de COVID-19. Especificamente, a pesquisa se ancora no desenvolvimento da exposição curricular realizada no Curso de Graduação de Museologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, decorrente da disciplina curricular obrigatória Prática de Exposição. A exposição, proporciona importantes análises sobre curadoria compartilhada, cultura digital e ambiente web, procedimentos metodológicos para desenvolvimento de exposições virtuais e ferramentas de pesquisas de público online.
El diseño del artículo de investigación como generador de vocaciones científicas
Authors: Rodas-LLanos Manuel , Cubero Juanez Javier
Published: February 2022

This paper describes a didactic experience with secondary and high school students, in which it is proposed the elaboration of a research article as a resource to generate positive attitudes towards science and awaken scientific vocations. It was verified how the students had little knowledge about the structure of the scientific articles, the different models were studied and the research was considered using as a pattern the structure of the same. The process was evaluated by means of two questionnaires that were applied before and after the experience. A third questionnaire was used to test the emotions generated. The analysis of the study showed a positive disposition of the students to the learning of science by means of this method, because among other aspects it provided them the possibility of deepening in subjects that considered of their interest.

En este trabajo se describe una experiencia realizada con alumnos de enseñanza secundaria y bachillerato, en la que se plantea la elaboración de un artículo de investigación como recurso para generar actitudes positivas ante la ciencia y despertar vocaciones científicas. Se comprobó cómo el alumnado tenía escasos conocimientos acerca de la estructura de los artículos científicos, se estudiaron los diferentes modelos y se planteó la investigación utilizando como patrón la estructura de los mismos. Se emplearon antes y después de la experiencia dos cuestionarios, para evaluar el proceso y un tercero para testear las emociones generadas. El análisis del estudio mostró una disposición positiva del alumnado al aprendizaje de la ciencia mediante este método, porque entre otros aspectos les permitía profundizar en temas que consideraba de su interés.