bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Distributions from Native Mass Spectrometry Titrations Reveal Nearest-Neighbor Cooperativity in the Ring-Shaped Oligomeric Protein TRAP
Authors: Holmquist Melody , Ihms Elihu , Gollnick Paul , Wysocki Vicki , Foster Mark
Published: May 2020

Allostery pervades macromolecular function and drives cooperative binding of ligands to macromolecules. To decipher the mechanisms of cooperative ligand binding it is necessary to define, at a microscopic level, the thermodynamic consequences of binding of each ligand to its energetically coupled site(s). However, extracting these microscopic constants is difficult for macromolecules with more than two binding constants. This goal is complicated because the observable (e.g., NMR chemical shift changes, fluorescence, enthalpy) can be altered by allostery, thereby distorting its proportionality to populations of states. Because it measures mass, native mass spectrometry (MS) can directly quantify the populations of homo-oligomeric protein species with different numbers of bound ligands, provided the populations are proportional to ion counts and that MS-compatible electrolytes do not alter the overall thermodynamics. These measurements can help decipher allosteric mechanisms by providing unparalleled access to the statistical thermodynamic partition function. We used native MS (nMS) to study the cooperative binding of tryptophan (Trp) to Bacillus stearothermophilus trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP), a ring-shaped homo-oligomeric protein complex with 11 identical binding sites. Mass spectrometrycompatible solutions did not significantly perturb protein structure and thermodynamics as assessed by ITC and NMR spectroscopy. Populations of Trpn-TRAP11 states were quantified as a function of Trp concentration by native mass spectrometry. Population distributions cannot be explained by a non-cooperative binding model but are well described by a nearest neighbor cooperative model. Non-linear least-squares fitting of the populations to a mechanistic model yielded microscopic thermodynamic constants that define the interactions between neighboring binding sites that result in homotropic cooperativity in Trp binding to TRAP.
Halogen–Sodium Exchange Revisited
Authors: Asako Sobi , Takahashi Ikko , Nakajima Hirotaka , Ilies Laurean , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: May 2020

Sodium is the most abundant alkali metal on Earth. Despite being an attractive choice for sustainable synthesis, organosodium compounds are rarely used in organic synthesis and have been overshadowed to date by organolithium compounds. This situation is largely due to the lack of convenient and efficient methods for the preparation of organosodium compounds. We report herein a halogen–sodium exchange method to prepare a large variety of (hetero)aryl- and alkenylsodium compounds, many of them previously inaccessible by other methods. The key discovery is the use of a bulky alkylsodium lacking a β-hydrogen, readily prepared in situ from neopentyl chloride and an easy-to-handle sodium dispersion, which retards undesired reactions such as Wurtz–Fittig coupling and β-hydrogen elimination, and enables efficient halogen-sodium exchange. We believe that the efficiency, generality, and convenience of the present method will open new horizons for the use of organosodium in organic synthesis, ultimately contributing to the development of sustainable chemistry by replacing the currently dominant organolithium reagents.
Pressure-Dependent Kinetics of Peroxy Radicals Formed in Isobutanol Combustion
Authors: Goldman Mark , Kroll Jesse , Green William H.
Published: May 2020

Bio-derived isobutanol has been approved as a gasoline additive in the U.S., but our understanding of its combustion chemistry still has significant uncertainties. Detailed quantum calculations could improve model accuracy leading to better estimation of isobutanol’s combustion properties and its environmental impacts. This work examines 47 molecules and 38 reactions involved in the first oxygen addition to isobutanol’s three alkyl radicals located α, β, and γ to the hydroxide. Quantum calculations were mostly done at CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12//B3LYP/CBSB7, with 1-D hindered rotor corrections obtained at B3LYP/6-31G(d). The resulting potential energy surfaces are the most comprehensive isobutanol peroxy networks published to date. Canonical transition state theory and a 1-D microcanonical master equation are used to derive high-pressure-limit and pressure-dependent rate coefficients, respectively. At all conditions studied, the recombination of α- isobutanol radical with O2 forms HO2 and isobutanal. The recombination of γ-isobutanol radical with O2 forms a stabilized hydroperoxy alkyl radical below 400 K, water and an alkoxy radical at higher temperatures, and HO2 and an alkene above 1200 K. The recombination of β-isobutanol radical with O2 results in a mixture of products between 700-1100 K, forming acetone, formaldehyde and OH at lower temperatures and forming HO2 and alkenes at higher temperatures. The barrier heights, high-pressure-limit rates, and pressure-dependent kinetics generally agree with the results from previous quantum chemistry calculations. Six reaction rates in this work deviate by over three orders of magnitude from kinetics in detailed models of isobutanol combustion, suggesting the rates calculated here can help improve modeling of isobutanol combustion and its environmental fate.
Antibody-Inspired Affinity Measurements of Fluorescein-Linked Small Molecule Ligands
Authors: Catalano Marco , Oehler Sebastian , Prati Luca , Favalli Nicholas , Bassi Gabriele , Scheuermann Jörg , Neri Dario
Published: May 2020

The availability of reliable methods for the characterization of the binding of small molecule ligands to protein targets is crucially important for Drug Discovery. We have adapted a method, routinely used for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or “ELISA”), to small molecule ligands, using fluorescein conjugates and anti-fluorescein antibodies as detection reagents. The new small molecule-ELISA methodology was tested using a panel of binders specific to carbonic anhydrase II, with dissociation constants ranging between 6 uM and 14 nM. An excellent agreement was found between ELISA measurements and fluorescence polarization results. The methodology was also extended to BIAcore measurements and implemented for ligands coupled to oligonucleotides. Small molecule-ELISA procedures are particularly useful in the context of DNA-encoded libraries, for which hit validation procedures need to be performed on dozens of candidate molecules and hit compounds can be conveniently resynthesized on DNA.
Research and Overview of Beyond Meat's Disruptive Innovation
Authors: Zhang Deming
Published: May 2020

In the past, meat is considered to be a luxury because of its high price that not everyone can afford, which only enjoyed on special days or festivals. However, it has become a daily necessity for life nowadays with the rapid economic development, an essential ingredient in every staple in the restaurant or home kitchen, and the main source supply for people to increase energy. Besides, as health education launched, "how to eat healthily" has become the most significant difficulty that needs to be solved for every family. There is no doubt that the market has been increasing and the demand for meat has been growing with the population growth all over the world. The market value of processed meat is expected to rise from 714 billion U.S. dollars in 2016 to over 1.5 trillion dollars by 2022. Poultry is the most popular kind of processed meat, with a 38 percent share of the global market and red meat, which includes pork and beef, takes up about a 33 percent share. From the official report of the worldwide meat market, the quality and the inflated price of meat have become the most concern of the majority people, who deem it as the primary source of protein and nutrition supply.
The UK Non-Frustration Rule: Should it be Replaced with a US-inspired Approach?
Authors: Ma Huanyang
Published: May 2020

Recently, Arm Holdings, the most successful semiconductor and software design company in the UK, has agreed to be sold to SoftBank, a Japanese company. This takeover case, along with the case that Cadbury was acquired by Kraft in 2010, has led to questions about the openness to foreign mergers and acquisitions.[1] The non-frustration rule plays an important role in the openness of the UK’s market for corporate control.[2] Therefore, it is time to rethink about the non-frustration rule. One of the most heated questions is whether the rule should be replaced with the US-inspired approach. This article argues that the US-inspired approach will not function as well in the UK as it does in the US. After all, the UK and the US differ a lot in corporate structures and company regulations which make the background of the non-frustration rule different in two countries.
Analysis of Fintech Regulation Based on G-SIBs Fintech Index
Authors: Zhai Yimeng
Published: May 2020

At present, Chinese financial supervision departments are constrained by information asymmetry and higher supervision costs, so their effectiveness in the ever-changing financial supervision needs to be improved urgently. Based on the G-SIBs fintech index, this paper analyzes the scores of fintech r&d, promotion, application and other indicators, aiming to explain the necessity of fintech regulation, and puts forward measures to strengthen fintech regulation.
Training and Development Strategies for Senior and Middle Level Managers with the Purpose of Learning Organizations
Authors: Rong Da
Published: May 2020

In the presence of dynamic organizational environment and a growing supply of ‘knowledgeable employees’ which require more professional managers to address their fast changing and increasing needs, senior and middle level managers are now required to keep up with the dynamic and learning environment more than ever. In order to train senior and middle level managers, the article has recommended four perspectives to encourage the development of learning manager. The first aspect for senior and middle level mangers is to integrate learning talents into their practices. The second point is to encourage managers to provide strong support for individuals and teams to develop a learning organization. The third point encourages learning managers and organizations to be composed into the culture of the organization. The last point advocates for more open and free dissemination of information and knowledge to be allowed within an organization.
"Headmaster rank system" Helps Educators Run Schools
Authors: Zhang Zhuo
Published: May 2020

In the process of promoting the principal level system, there are often practical dilemmas such as the dislocation of modern school system construction, the dislocation of school values, the absence of assessment and evaluation mechanisms, and the lack of endogenous development of subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to actively establish a modern school system, stimulate the vitality of educators in running schools, adhere to the conscience of educating people, call on the professional awareness of educators in running schools, optimize the evaluation and evaluation mechanism, enhance the growth momentum of educators in running schools, enhance the connotative construction of the subject, and lead The continuous development of educators is the exploration of the main path.
PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PAPERBOARD UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI BENDA FUNGSI DAN ESTETIK
Authors: Hawari Firman , Sachari Agus , Nugraha Adhi
Published: May 2020

The direction of the implementation of this study is to reduce dependence on natural resources and preserve them from extinction, especially timber natural resources. Green design content is a systematic implementation in each stage. An initial idea was to find an alternative building material that was environmentally friendly. One of the implementations is conducting experiments on panel production from paper waste materials. Paper panels that have the same capabilities as pre-existing panel products. The aim is to make it an interior design material for building, both for construction and aesthetic functions. The consideration of the selection of panel materials is the wide scope of utilization, flexibility, easy treatment, and factors of people who are used to it. In full, this type of paper waste contains forms that are fatty, limp and fragile. This character strongly supports the implementation of that perception. Furthermore, this character becomes a stimulus to bring up the manufacturing method, which is a vertical cross-configuration, which uses limp and fragile sheet paper and then arranged into a panel area with a thickness of 20 mm which requires hard, sturdy, and strong properties.
PHENOTYPIC VARIATION OF SOME QUALITATIVE TRAITS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
Authors: S.O.K. Fajemilehin , M.K. Adegun
Published: May 2020

Each class of livestock has some peculiar qualitative traits and in goats some of these are coat pigmentation, horned/polled, beard/non-beard, wattled/non-wattled. Since the impact of environment is important in phenotypic expression of qualitative traits, it becomes expedient to examine these features in West African Dwarf Goats (WADG) from every climatic region of the world. To accomplish this, a total of 623 WADGs aged between 3 and 4 years reared extensively in Ekiti state region of Nigeria were purposively selected from the three agricultural zones in the state for the examination. Data were collected on coat pigmentation, horns, wattle and beard on sex basis. The commonest pigmentation was black at 31.29%, 35.43% and 34.18% in the three zones and the least encountered was mixed pigmentation at 11.66%, 07.62% and 08.44% respectively. The number without wattles (57%) outnumbered those with wattles (43%). 88% had no beards and 87% were horned. 30% of does had wattles and 59% were horned as against 13% and 29%, respectively in bucks. In all, 2% of doe and 9% of buck had beards. The levels of variation in the traits surveyed in the three Districts indicated that WADGs in the region are predominantly black, not wattled, not bearded and horned.
Northwest Territories Christmas Bird Count
Authors: Saskatchewan Natural History Society
Published: May 2020

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Snowy Egret at Crooked Lake
Authors: Weidl Don
Published: May 2020

1
Cerclaje abdominal realizado durante gestación: reporte de caso Cerclaje abdominal realizado durante la gestación: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Durán Chávez Jose Augusto , Pérez Castillo Andrea del Rocío , Quispe Alcocer Denys Amilcar
Published: May 2020

La insuficiencia del cérvix es una alteración del tejido cervical que impide mantener el embarazo hasta su término, provocando pérdidas fetales recurrentes en el segundo trimestre de embarazo. Se presenta un caso de incompetencia cervical, causante de tres abortos previos, el último pese a cerclaje vaginal; por tanto, se realiza cerclaje por vía abdominal, logrando un embarazo viable hasta las 35,6 semanas, que termina en cesárea por amenaza de parto pretérmino y ruptura prematura de membranas. Además, se expone una revisión de la literatura sobre el tratamiento de esta patología.
That’s not a two-sided test! It’s two one-sided tests!
Authors: Rubin Mark
Published: May 2020

When reporting tests of significance, researchers might claim to have conducted a two-sided test when in fact they have conducted two one-sided tests. Mark Rubin explains the confusion and how to avoid it.
Profitabilitas, Corporate Governance, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Intensitas Modal Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak
Authors: Rima Lustina
Published: May 2020

Abstract : This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, corporate governance, firm size, and capital intensity on tax avoidance in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2018. Corporate governance in this study uses leverage variables and independent commissioners. The population of this study is 54 property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2018. Determination of samples using purposive sampling method and obtaining 23 companies with certain criteria. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the profitability and firm size variables had a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, while the leverage variable, independent commissioner, and capital intensity did not affect tax avoidance.Keywords : Profitabilitas, Corporate Governance, Firm Size, Capital Intensity, Tax Avoidance
Tugas 13 Winny Fajarny Suhada Ramzah (Kepemimpinan Pendidikan)
Authors: Ramzah Winny Fajarny Suhada
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the notion of educational leadership, the function of educational leadership, and how the principal's leadership style. Educational leadership is the ability to influence, coordinate, and mobilize other people that have to do with the implementation and development of education in order to achieve the goal of education or school effectively and efficiently. For the purpose of school to be achieved effectively and efficiently requires effective leadership of the principal. There are seven characteristics of effective principal leadership: (1) having a clear vision, (2) having high expectations of achievement; (3) programming and providing positive and constructive feedback, (4) encouraging efficient use of time, (5) utilizing various learning resources, (6), monitoring the progress of learners individually or in groups, (7) and continuous improvement.
Tugas 10 Winny Fajarny Suhada Ramzah (Administrasi Ketatausahaan Sekolah)
Authors: Ramzah Winny Fajarny Suhada
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the administration of school administration and the process of administrative administration (correspondence and filing), office or school spatial planning and how the role of the teacher in the administration of school administration.
Multiplication tables for non-prime odd numbers The untouched tables which will give us a better understanding of the distribution of prime odd numbers
Authors: hazaymeh ahmad
Published: May 2020

The sieve method is used to separate prime numbers from non-prime numbers. If the set of prime odd numbers cannot be written as multiplication tables, the set of non-prime odd numbers can be written as multiplication tables. Thus, each odd number that does not appear in these multiplication tables is certainly a prime odd number. Based on these tables, it was proved by the opposite method that the series of prime numbers are random series. Although they are random, they can be easily tracked using the opposite method. The counter-example is used to proof that it is not possible to write whole multiplication tables of prime odd numbers on formula of [(𝑎×𝑏)+𝑐] or [(𝑎×𝑏)−𝑐]. Instead, partial multiplication tables can be used. It also was proved that the number 1 is a prime odd number.
Associations among state-level physical distancing measures and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among U.S. adults during the early COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bryan Craig , Bryan AnnaBelle O. , Baker Justin C.
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify leading sources of stress, describe rates of mental health outcomes, and examine their associations among U.S. adults during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: In a cross-sectional, general population survey conducted from March 18 to April 4, 2020, U.S. adults (n=10,625) were recruited through Qualtrics Panels using quota sampling methods. Results: Life stressors, probable depression, past-month suicide ideation, and past-month suicide attempts were not elevated among participants subject to state-level stay-at-home orders and/or large gatherings bans. Multiple life stressors were associated with increased rates of probable depression. Past-month suicide ideation was significantly higher among participants reporting ongoing arguments with a partner and serious legal problems. Past-month suicide attempt was significantly higher among participants reporting concerns about a life-threatening illness or injury, but was significantly lower among participants reporting an unexpected bill or expense. Conclusions: Results failed to support the conclusion that physical distancing measures are correlated with worse mental health outcomes. Concerns about life-threatening illness or injury was uniquely associated with increased risk of suicide attempt.
Using Decision Aids to Support Self-Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lunn Peter D. , Timmons Shane , Julienne Hannah , Belton Cameron , Barjaková Martina , Lavin Ciarán , McGowan Féidhlim Peadar
Published: May 2020

Self-isolation is a vital element of efforts to contain COVID-19. We report an online experiment with a nationally representative sample (N=500) that tested behaviourally informed decision aids to support self-isolation. The experiment had three stages that tested interventions designed to help individuals to: (i) decide whether they need to self-isolate; (ii) be confident in their ability to self-isolate should they need to; and (iii) manage a household in which an individual needs to self-isolate. Relative to prevailing public health advice, displaying decision trees improved participants’ decisions about when self-isolation was necessary, although they systematically underestimated the need to self-isolate in the presence of less common COVID-19 symptoms (e.g. sore throat, fatigue). Interaction with an online planning tool increased confidence about coping with self-isolation among adults aged under 40. Presenting advice in the form of infographics improved recall and comprehension of how to manage self-isolation. The study demonstrates how public health policy can benefit from behavioural pre-testing of interventions.
When Private Optimism meets Public Despair: Dissociable effects on behavior and well-being
Authors: Globig Laura K. , Blain Bastien , Sharot Tali
Published: May 2020

When faced with a threat, peoples’ estimate of risk guides their response. When danger is to the self as well as to others two estimates are generated: the risk to oneself and the risk to others. As these estimates likely differ, it is unclear how exactly they drive a response. To answer this question, we studied a large representative sample of Americans facing the COVID-19 pandemic at two time points (N1=1145, N2=683). We discover a paradoxical duality: a tendency to be optimistic about one’s own risk of infection (private optimism) while at the same time to be pessimistic about the risk to others (public pessimism). These two estimates were found to be differentially related to affect and choice. First, private optimism, but not public pessimism, was associated with people’s positive feelings. The association between private optimism and positive affect was mediated by people’s sense of agency over their future. However, negative affect was related to both private risk perception and public risk perception. Second, people predominantly engaged in protective behaviors based on their estimated risk to the population rather than to themselves. This suggests that people were predominantly engaging in protective behaviors for the benefit of others. The findings are important for understanding how people’s beliefs about their own future and that of others are related to protective behaviors and well-being.
Utility value interventions: Why and how instructors should use them in college psychology courses.
Authors: Soicher Raechel N. , Becker-Blease Kathryn A.
Published: May 2020

According to expectancy-value models of achievement motivation, a core component of increasing student motivation is utility value. Utility value refers to the importance that a task has in one’s future goals. Utility value interventions provide an opportunity for students to make explicit connections between course content and their own lives. A large body of literature suggests that utility value interventions are effective for a wide range of students (e.g., both adolescent and adult learners) in a variety of courses (e.g., introductory psychology, introductory biology, and physics). This review provides (1) an overview of an expectancy value model of achievement motivation, (2) a comprehensive review of the experimental studies of utility value interventions in psychology, (3) concrete pedagogical recommendations based on the evidence from over thirty studies of the utility value intervention, and (4) suggestions for future research directions. After reading this review, college-level psychology instructors should be able to decide whether the utility value intervention is appropriate for their own course and, if so, implement the intervention effectively.
In Case of Doubt for the Suspicion?: When People Falsely Remember Facts in the News as Being Uncertain
Authors: Brand Ann-Kathrin , Scholl Annika , Meyerhoff Hauke S.
Published: May 2020

Modern media report news remarkably fast, often before the information is confirmed. This general tendency is even more pronounced in times of an increasing demand for information, such as in the case of pressing natural phenomena or the pandemic spreading of diseases. Yet, even if early reports correctly identify their content as suspicions (rather than facts), recipients may not adequately consider the preliminary nature of such information. Theories on language processing suggest that understanding a suspicion requires its reconstruction as a factual assertion first—which can later be erroneously remembered. This would lead to a bias to remember and treat suspicions as if they were factual, rather than falling for the reverse mistake. In five experiments, however, we demonstrate the opposite pattern. Participants read news headlines with explanations for distinct events either in form of a fact or a suspicion (as still being under investigation). Both kinds of framings increased the participants’ belief in the correctness of the respective explanations to an equal extent (relative to receiving no explanation). Importantly, however, this effect was not mainly driven by a neglect of uncertainty cues. In contrast, three memory experiments (recognition and cued recall) revealed a reverse distortion: a bias to falsely remember and treat a presented “fact” as if it were merely a suspicion. These surprising results stress the importance of developing new theoretical accounts on the processing of (un-)certainty cues which take into account their broader context, such as source credibility and the presence of uncertainty in other unrelated headlines.
Preprint: Individual Differences in Avoiding Feelings of Disgust: Development and Construct Validity of the Disgust Avoidance Questionnaire
Authors: von Spreckelsen Paula , Jonker Nienke , Vugteveen Jorien , Wessel Ineke , Glashouwer Klaske A. , de Jong Peter J.
Published: May 2020

We developed and examined the construct validity of the Disgust Avoidance Questionnaire (DAQ) as a measure of people’s inclination to prevent experiencing disgust (disgust prevention) and to escape from the experience of disgust (disgust escape). In a stepwise item-reduction (Study 1; N = 417) using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) based on a 4-subscale distinction (behavioral prevention, cognitive prevention, behavioral escape, cognitive escape), we selected 17 items from a pool of potential items. In order to incorporate the conceptual overlap between dimensions of disgust avoidance, focus (prevention vs. escape), and strategy (behavioral avoidance vs. cognitive avoidance), we specified an adapted model. In this model, we allowed each item to load on one type of dimension and one type of strategy, resulting in four overlapping factors (prevention, escape, behavioral avoidance, cognitive avoidance). Evaluation of this overlapping 4-factor model (Study 2; N = 513) using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed promising model fit indices, factor loadings, factor correlations, and reliability estimates for three of the four factors (prevention, behavioral avoidance, cognitive avoidance). Those three subscales also showed good convergent validity. In contrast, the results related to the escape factor may call the suitability of self-report to assess disgust escape into question. In light of the exploratory nature of the project, future examinations of the DAQ’s validity and applicability to more diverse samples are essential. A critical next step for future research would be to examine the DAQ’s criterion validity and the distinctive roles of the DAQ subscales in (clinical) psychological constructs and processes.
Ecological solutions to prevent future pandemics like COVID-19
Authors: Poudel Buddi Sagar
Published: May 2020

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Pinar Del Río geography and connected photovoltaic systems to the grid
Authors: Pérez Antonio Vázquez , Pomares Liudmila Fuente , Gámez María Rodríguez
Published: May 2020

The affectations that are reported starting from the use of the petroleum in the energy production of the country in the economic and environmental, open an analysis space for the search of alternative sustainable in the electric generation, based on the employment of the renewable potential that exists in the territories. In these work analyzed the evaluation of the territorial space of the Pinar del Río county was presented that can be used for the development from the connected photovoltaic systems to the grid. Like a viable energy alternative that propitiates the reduction of the environmental impacts and of natural disasters, at the same time that it constitutes an economically sustainable solution, when not having to incur in expenses of resources to acquire the fuel that today has used with those purposes. This county through the years, it has been impacted by phenomena hydrometeorology extreme reason by which you the program of the distributed generation with the objective of giving vitality to the electric service began.
Perancangan Prototype Sistem Pengendali Otomatis Pada Greenhouse Untuk Tanaman Cabai Berbasis Arduino Dan Internet Of Things (IoT)
Authors: Minariyanto Ahmad , Mardiono Mardiono , Lestari Sri Wiji
Published: May 2020

Cabai merupakan komoditi sayur yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh hampir semua orang sehingga tidak mengherankan bila volume peredaran dipasaran dalam skala besar, namun faktor cuaca merupakan penyebab utama gagal panen. Untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut diperlukan alat pengendalian kondisi lingkungan secara otomatis. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah membuat perancangan alat otomatis greenhouse untuk mempermudah dalam merawat tanaman. Penelitian ini, merancang, membuat dan mengimplementasikan greenhouse untuk tanaman cabai. Alat ini mengunakan sensor yang mengirim perintah kepada Arduino secara otomatis menggunakan IoT dan difungsikan menggunakan handphone. Penelitian sebelumnya sistem monitoring berbasis web dan GSM, sedangkan penelitian ini terkontrol otomatis menggunakan Internet of Things (IoT). Alat penelitian ini menggunakan sensor DHT11 mendeteksi suhu dan menjaga kelembaban tanah dengan nilai kelembaban 30% sampai 70%, sensor MQ135 sebagai pendeteksi kualitas udara ruangan, sensor ultrasonic mendeteksi level air dan menjaga level air pada ketinggian 5 - 25 cm pada penampungan air, sensor rain berfungsi sebagai pendeteksi hujan dan sensor LDR berfungsi sebagai mengukur intensitas cahaya. Data dari sensor ke handphone, motor servo dan relay 4 channel, digunakan untuk menghidupkan pompa air, dan lampu sebagai penerangan ruangan dan LCD. Hasil penelitian ini berupa prototype greenhouse yang terkontrol secara otomatis menggunakan Internet of Things (IoT) dan dapat berfungsi dengan baik.
Focando pequenas e médias empresas de serviços na Região Metropolitana do Recife: as múltiplas visões sobre modelos estratégicos para gestão de conhecimento baseados em tecnologia da informação
Authors: Fell André Felipe de Albuquerque , Dornelas Jairo Simião
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar que fatores organizacionais representam obstáculos para que peque-nas e médias empresas (PME) de serviços na Região Metropolitana do Recife utilizem a tecnologia da informação para a gestão do conhecimento. Para tal, optou-se por um estudo no segmento citado, em viés de pesquisa qualitativa, sendo os dados coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados de forma interpretativa, utilizando-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo, em uma estratégia típica de estudo de campo. Os resultados apresentaram três fatores organizacionais como obstá-culos ao uso efetivo da tecnologia da informação para a gestão do conhecimento em PME: estratégias, processos e pessoas.
Mechanical stratigraphy and layer-bound normal faulting in the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, Wattenberg Field, Colorado
Authors: Bracken Kyle
Published: May 2020

Layer-bound normal faults are pervasive within the very fine-grained rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara and Carlile formations in the Denver Basin. 3-D seismic and well log interpretation reveal a complex, segmented fault system that is divided into two discrete tiers: an upper tier located in the Pierre Shale, and a lower tier located in the Niobrara Formation. 3-D fault throw analysis shows maximum throw near the top of the Niobrara Formation with steep, asymmetrical throw gradient down section in the lower Niobrara and Carlile formations. Faults are laterally well-connected in the upper Niobrara Formation and commonly form linear arrays of linked graben systems. In contrast, faults deeper in the stratigraphic section that offset the Carlile and Greenhorn formations are more segmented and commonly form half grabens (as opposed to full, fault-bound grabens). In cross-section, fault planes measured from seismic have a general dip of 45°. However, close inspection reveals that faults consistently change dip angle as they pass through the lower Niobrara Formation, refracting from ~55° to ~35° through the Niobrara C Marl, then back up to ~50° in the Carlile and Greenhorn formations. The fault dip refraction produces a contractional step or bend in the fault plane associated with the lower dip segments. This geometry is investigated further with horizontal image logs and other borehole data to reveal a kinematic relationship between fault dip angle and mechanical stratigraphy. Field examples of normal faults that cut mechanically layered rock help better understand these complex fault geometries and provide reasonable inferences to their development and propagation history. In summary, it is argued that the mechanically layered nature of the Niobrara and Carlile formations is responsible for many of the fault characteristics described and provides valuable insight into understanding the fault system
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP JASA PENYELENGGARA KEGIATAN UNTUK KEBERLANJUTAN USAHA PERUSAHAAN JASA PENYELENGGARA KEGIATAN
Authors: Handayani Otih
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini membahas perlindungan hukum terhadap bisnis penyelenggara kegiatan dalam kehidupan modern. Rumusan masalah yang diambil adalah (1) Bagaimana implementasi hak dan kewajiban perusahaan jasa penyelenggara kegiatan dan pengguna jasa dalam perspektif hukum perikatan, apa saja kendala yang timbul serta bagaimana cara mengatasi permasalahan tersebut ? (2) Bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi perusahaan jasa penyelenggara kegiatan dan pengguna jasa dalam kaitannya dengan keberlanjutan bisnis jasa penyelenggara kegiatan antara perusahaan jasa penyelenggara kegiatan dengan pengguna jasa ? Kesimpulan penelitian adalah perusahaan jasa penyelenggara acara dalam sistem bisnis modern dan bernuansa legalitas lebih membutuhkan perlindungan hukum, hal ini disebabkan perusahaan jasa penyelenggara kegiatan melaksanakan kewajibannya lebih dahulu sedangkan pengguna jasa lebih awal menerima haknya. Peneliti menemukan kendala-kendala dalam pemenuhan hak dan kewajiban disebabkan adanya ketidaktahuan, ketidakmampuan ataupun ketidakmauan para pihak termasuk pihak luar dalam melaksanakan pasal 1338 KUHPerdata dan azas-azas perjanjian.
PRINSIP TANGGUNG JAWAB MUTLAK PELAKU USAHA TERHADAP KETENTUAN PASAL 27 UU NO. 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Eleanora Fransiska Novita
Published: May 2020

Barang/jasa yang dikonsumsi oleh konsumen, tentunya dapat memberikan kepuasan terhadap barang/jasa yang dinikmatinya, sehingga konsumen dapat mengetahui, bahwa rasa kepuasan tersebut, memberikan manfaat dan faedah baginya. Namun, dalam mengkonsumsi barang/jasa, sering menimbulkan ketidakpuasan terhadap konsumen, dikarenakan barang/jasa itu rusak/cacat, dikemudian hari. Tetapi pelaku usaha tidak mau bertanggungjawab untuk mengganti kerugian kepada konsumen, padahal upaya perlindungan konsumen adalah prinsip perlindungan atas barang dan jasa, artinya konsumen harus mendapatkan  barang dengan kualitas yang baik, sesuai dengan harga yang dibayarnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan (yuridis normatif). Tujuannya adalah Bagaimanakah prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak pelaku usaha terhadap ketentuan pasal 27 menurut UU No. 8 tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen dan bagaimakah upaya perlindungan terhadap konsumen. Hasilnya adalah pelaku usaha harus bertanggungjawab kepada konsumen, dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK) No. 8 Tahun 1999 menganut prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak (strict liability), yaitu prinsip tanggung jawab yang menetapkan kesalahan tidak sebagai faktor yang menentukan.
Mechanisms and outcomes of the supercharged end-to-side nerve transfer: a review of preclinical and clinical studies
Authors: von Guionneau Nicholas , Sarhane Karim A. , Brandacher Gerald , Hettiaratchy Shehan , Belzberg Allan J. , Tuffaha Sami
Published: May 2020

Proximal peripheral nerve injuries often result in poor functional outcomes, chiefly because of the long time period between injury and the reinnervation of distal targets, which leads to muscle and Schwann cell atrophy. The supercharged end-to-side (SETS) nerve transfer is a recent technical innovation that introduces donor axons distally into the side of an injured nerve to rapidly innervate and support end organs while allowing for additional reinnervation after a proximal repair at the injury site. However, the mechanisms by which donor axons grow within the recipient nerve, contribute to muscle function, and impact the regeneration of native recipient axons are poorly understood. This uncertainty has slowed the transfer’s clinical adoption. The primary objective of this article is to comprehensively review the mechanisms underpinning axonal regeneration and functional recovery after a SETS nerve transfer. A secondary objective is to report current clinical applications in the upper limb and their functional outcomes. The authors also propose directions for future research with the aim of maximizing the clinical utility of the SETS transfer for peripheral nerve surgeons and their patients.
Validation of a scoring system to evaluate the risk of rapid growth of intracranial meningiomas in neurofibromatosis type 2 patients
Authors: Abi Jaoude Samiya , Peyre Matthieu , Degos Vincent , Goutagny Stéphane , Parfait Béatrice , Kalamarides Michel
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Intracranial meningiomas occur in about half of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) patients and are very frequently multiple. Thus, estimating individual meningiomas’ growth rates is of great interest to tailor therapeutic interventions. The Asan Intracranial Meningioma Scoring System (AIMSS) has recently been published to estimate the risk of tumor growth in sporadic meningiomas. The current study aimed to determine predictors of rapid meningioma growth in NF2 patients and to evaluate the AIMSS score in a specific NF2 cohort.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 92 NF2 patients with 358 measured intracranial meningiomas that had been observed prospectively between 2012 and 2018. Tumor volumes were measured at diagnosis and at each follow-up visit. The growth rates were determined and evaluated with respect to the clinicoradiological parameters. Predictors of rapid tumor growth (defined as growth ≥ 2 cm3/yr) were analyzed using univariate followed by multivariate logistic regression to build a dedicated predicting model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to predict the risk of rapid tumor growth with the AIMSS versus the authors’ multivariate model were compared.

RESULTS

Sixty tumors (16.76%) showed rapid growth. After multivariate analysis, a larger tumor volume at diagnosis (p < 0.0001), presence of peritumoral edema (p = 0.022), absence of calcifications (p < 0.0001), and hyperintense or isointense signal on T2-weighted MRI (p < 0.005) were statistically significantly associated with rapid tumor growth. It is particularly notable that the genetic severity score did not seem to influence the growth rate of NF2 meningiomas. In comparison with the AIMSS, the authors’ multivariate model’s prediction did not show a statistically significant difference (area under the curve [AUC] 0.82 [95% CI 0.76–0.88] for the AIMSS vs AUC 0.86 [95% CI 0.81–0.91] for the authors’ model, p = 0.1).

CONCLUSIONS

The AIMSS score is valid in the authors’ cohort of NF2-related meningiomas. It adequately predicted risk of rapid meningioma growth and could aid in decision-making in NF2 patients.
The incidence and effect of tethered cord release for tethered cord syndrome in patients with myelomeningocele: a population-based study
Authors: Borgstedt-Bakke Joel Haakon , Wichmann Thea Overgaard , Gudmundsdottir Gudrun , Rasmussen Mikkel Mylius
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to establish an incidence and assess the effect of tethered cord release for tethered cord syndrome in patients with myelomeningocele.

METHODS

The study population was based on the Western Denmark Myelomeningocele Database, which contains all patients born with myelomeningocele in western Denmark since 1970. The study population was cross-referenced in 2015 with a database for surgical procedures containing all surgical procedures performed in the central Denmark region since 1996. Patients alive between 1996 and 2015 were identified. Incidences was calculated and presented for year of age. File reviews were conducted for all patients who underwent the procedure. Follow-up was divided into short-term and long-term follow-up.

RESULTS

One hundred sixty-six patients were alive during various time periods between 1996 and 2015. Of these, 45 patients underwent the procedure. Seven underwent reoperation. The median age for the procedure was 12 years and the highest incidence was found at 15 years of age. Incidence was bimodal with highest incidence in children and adolescents. The most common indications were progressive spine deformity (40%), deteriorating ambulation (38%), and deteriorating neurogenic bladder and/or bowel dysfunction (32%). The mean short-term follow-up was 4.7 months and the mean long-term follow-up was 72.6 months. Postoperatively, the majority had improved (27%) or stabilized (27%) at short-term follow-up. At long-term follow-up, most patients were stable (27%) or had deteriorated (24%). For both follow-up terms there was a loss of approximately one-third of all patients. Complications occurred in 17% of the procedures.

CONCLUSIONS

In this population-based study, tethered cord release has the highest incidence in children and adolescents. The beneficial effect of the procedure seems to be short term. Due to the uncertainty of a long-term effect of the procedure in patients with myelomeningocele and the registered complications, the authors suggest that this surgical indication should be reserved for well-selected patients.
Content and Structure of the Distance Course on the Formation of the Information and Library System Literacy of Future Musicians-Teachers in the Process of High School Preparation
Authors: Svirina Marya N.
Published: May 2020

The article presents the experience of creating and testing a distance learning course aimed at developing information and library literacy of future musicians-teachers in the process of high school preparation. There are contradictions between the demands of the modern information society and the content of educational programs in higher educational institutions of music and pedagogical profile, which do not currently include courses on the formation of information and library literacy of students. Possible solutions to this problem are considered: holding master classes for first-year students during extracurricular time to get acquainted with the library as a structural unit of the institutions; preparing virtual literature reviews with information about access to new collections on music art and music education in electronic library systems; creating a distance course in the electronic information environment of the institution for self-education of first-year students. The results of implementation of the developed system in the content of university training of musicians-teachers at the music faculty of the Institute of Fine Arts of the Moscow Pedagogical State University are presented.
Processes of Formalization and Musical Pedagogical Education
Authors: Koroleva Irina A.
Published: May 2020

The article raises the problem of search for new ways to develop musical pedagogical direction in modern conditions of higher education reformation. Based on his own experience and opinions of respected researchers, the author concludes about its crisis. Subsequent changes in higher education against the background of informatization and globalization can regarded as a series of formal procedures that regulate the relations of participants in the educational process, that is, as a process of formalization. The author considers the concept of “formalization”, shows the options for its use in modern science and practice, special attention is paid to issues of formalization in the field of humanitarian knowledge. Formalization as a way of knowing the surrounding reality and as mechanisms of perception and archiving social information has always existed. A striking example of this is the emergence and development of the art of music. Formalization occupies a special place in the culture of modern society, as it serves as a mechanism for limiting high information pressure. The general computerization observed today in society, as well as the tendency to create algorithms and technologies in all areas of knowledge, inevitably affect the organization system of the learning process in higher education institutions. As a result – the emergence of some formalized pedagogical systems, such as score-rating system of evaluation of the results of training of students. The musical pedagogical direction, which differs from all other areas of higher education primarily its focus on musical art, is most difficult to follow new trends. However, according to the author, it is precisely the understanding of what is happening, as well as a look at formalization from a position of creation that will help to find new opportunities for the development of musical and pedagogical education.
Impacto de las TIC en la resolución de conflictos en materia de educación
Authors: Orellano Nathaly , Vargas Carlos , Hernandez Hugo
Published: May 2020

El presente ensayo analiza la importancia de las Tecnologías de la Información y la comunicación, también conocida como TIC. Las describe desde un sentido crítico como el conjunto de tecnologías desarrolladas para gestionar información y enviarla de un lugar a otro. Asimismo, destacamos el abanico de soluciones que representan para los problemas en materia de educación, lo que incluye a las tecnologías para almacenar información y recuperarla después, enviar y recibir información de un sitio a otro, o procesar información para poder calcular resultados y elaborar informes. Cabe mencionar que, concebimos las TIC como herramientas de continuos avances científicos, que, en un marco de globalización económica y cultural, contribuyen a que los conocimientos sea efímeros y a la continua emergencia de nuevos valores, provocando cambios en nuestras estructuras económicas, sociales y culturales.