bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Kegiatan Mangkal Waria di Kelurahan Sipolu-Polu Kecamatan Panyabungan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal
Authors: Nurhamidah Nurhamidah , Malau Waston
Published: April 2019

This study aims to determine a person's background became transgender, transvestites activities, public perception of the transgender community and the public perception of hung shemale activities in Sub-Polu Sipolu Panyabungan District   of Mandailing   Natal. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The technique of collecting data through observation, documentation and interview. The research was carried out in Sub-Polu Sipolu Panyabungan City District of Mandailing Natal regarding the public perception of hung shemale activity. Determination of informants in this study using purposive sampling technique. The informants in this study were four transgender people, religious leaders, traditional leaders, and community leaders and the community around. The results of this study show that, it is the background of a person to be transvestites are: Factor Family, Traumatic Factors, Environmental Factors sepermainan, and Factor Role. However, the community did not accept their existence, especially hung their activities, people are very opposed to it.
Revascularization versus apical barrier technique with mineral trioxide aggregate plug: A systematic review
Authors: Chisini Luiz Alexandre , Grazioli Guillermo , Francia Alejandro , San Martin Alissa Schmidt , Demarco Flavio Fernando , Muniz Conde Marcus Cristian
Published: April 2019

Aim: To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes observed in Necrotic Immature Permanent Teeth (NIPT) after revascularization or apexification with MTA-apical plug. Methodology: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of science and Scopus were the databases used, up to July 30th, 2017, for article research. Independent reviewers read the titles and abstracts of all reports that met inclusion/exclusion criteria: prospective or retrospective clinical studies comparing the revascularization of root canal and apexification. Clinical success of therapies, deposition and thickening of lateral dentinal walls (root width) and the continuation of root development (root length) were investigated. Bias risk of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias. Results: From 1642 records, five papers fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Overall, 91 teeth were submitted to revascularization and 64 teeth to apexification with MTA. The mean follow-up was 23.2 months in revascularization and 21.8 in apexification. Clinical success rate was of 87.9% in the revascularization group and 90.6% in the apexification group. An increase on lateral dentinal walls thickening was observed in most revascularization cases (13%) while MTA as apical plug suggest a mild resorption of the root (1.3%). High bias risk was observed on included studies. Conclusions: Apexification with MTA-apical plug provides similar clinical success to revascularization. However, radiographic measurements showed an improvement in thickening of lateral dentinal walls in most of the revascularization cases in addition to a higher dental development. However, these results should be interpreted with caution.
Improved single visit management of old infected iatrogenic root perforations using Biodentine®
Authors: Mancino Davide , Meyer Florent , Haikel Youssef
Published: April 2019

Aim: The aim of this retrospective observational case series study was to evaluate the middle term outcomes on endodontic management of old infected iatrogenic root perforations using Biodentine. The treatments were always concluded in a single visit, without previous medication with calcium hydroxide. Our goal was to facilitate this kind of treatments and to make them more reproducible and manageable even for a general practitioner or a student. Methodology and methods: Between January 2011 and June 2016, 51 patients with old infected root perforations have been enrolled. All the treatments were performed using Biodentine in a single visit. Infected root perforation repair was performed by supervised dental students (39%) or a qualified endodontist (61%), employing surgical microscope magnification during treatments. After the treatment, the 51 patients were monitored for 18—64 months. We used clinical and radiographic examinations. Results: Of 51 examined teeth, 48 (94%) were classified as healed. The time, the size and the location of the perforations did not have a significant effect on the outcome. We proved the ineffectiveness of the null hypothesis. According to this latter, the single visit treatment of old infected perforations with Biodentine was inadequate. Conclusions: In single visit treatments, Biodentine seems to provide a biocompatible and effective seal in acidic environment, in accidental root perforations, even if the treatment is performed by an inexperienced operator and regardless of the location, the size and the time of occurrence of the perforation.
Surgical extrusion: A reliable technique for saving compromised teeth. A 5-years follow-up case report
Authors: Argueta Jenner , Orellana Ana , Plotino Gianluca
Published: April 2019

Aim: To present a long term follow up clinical case in which a compromised anterior tooth was saved by a surgical extrusion procedure. Summary: Although different techniques have been suggested for clinical crown lengthening in the anterior zone, some of them have limitations in terms of aesthetics and procedural requirements. The current case report demonstrates how a simplified surgical extrusion procedure was successfully performed for saving a severely damaged anterior tooth; furthermore, it is possible to apply the technique described in this case using minimum and simple armamentarium like a scalpel, elevators, forceps and splinting flexible cord. Key-learning points: Saving severely compromised anterior teeth is possible by applying surgical extrusion techniques when crown-root ratio allows it. Risk of root resorption or ankylosis is minimum.
Comparison of shaping ability of ProTaper Next and 2Shape nickel—titanium files in simulated severe curved canals
Authors: Staffoli Simone , Ozyurek Taha , Hadad Avi , Lvovsky Alex , Solomonov Michael , Azizi Hadas , Itzhak Joe Ben , Bossù Maurizo , Grande Nicola M. , Plotino Gianluca , Polimeni Antonella
Published: April 2019

Aim: To evaluate the centering ability of ProTaper Next (PTN) and 2Shape (TS) nickel—titanium (NiTi) instruments in terms of maintaining the original root canal configuration in a simulated tooth with severe curvature. Methodology: Twenty standardized simulated curved root canals were prepared to an apical size of 0.25 mm using PTN and TS (n = 10 canal/group) nickel-titanium files. A gig was constructed to enable reproducible image acquisition using a photographic camera. Pre- and post-instrumented images were recorded and superimposed using a computer software. The ability of the instruments to remain centered in the canal was determined by calculating a centering ratio at three independent points of the simulated canal: coronal, middle and apical third of the curvature, using a computer software. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by independent sample t-test at 5% significance level. Results: No significant difference was found between the two systems (p > 0.05). At the apical third, the mean centering ratio was significantly higher than the centering ratio of the coronal and the middle thirds in both TS and PTN (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the centering ability of the ProTaper Next and 2Shape systems in simulated severe curved canals. Both systems exhibited some degree of transportation, especially in the apical third.
Canal transportation caused by one single-file and two multiple-file rotary systems: A comparative study using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Saberi Eshagh Ali , Mollashahi Narges Farhad , Farahi Forugh
Published: April 2019

Aim: This ex-vivo study aimed to compare canal transportation in mesio-buccal canal of mandibular first molars prepared with Mtwo and Revo-S multi-file and Neoniti single-file nickel[18TD$DIF]—titanium (Ni—Ti) rotary systems using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology: CBCTscans were obtained from 60 extracted mandibular first molars and the teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Mesio-buccal canal of mesial root was prepared with Revo-S, Neoniti or Mtwo rotary systems according to the instructions of the manufacturers. Postoperative CBCT scans were also obtained. A single operator performed canal preparations while another operator blinded to the group allocation of teeth did the measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the amount of canal transportation were calculated and compared between the groups using the Friedman test ([19TD$DIF]P 0.05). Results: No significant difference was noted in canal transportation among the groups in the middle and apical third ([20TD$DIF]P > 0.05). The rotary single-file instrument caused significantly greater canal transportation in the coronal third. Conclusion: No significant difference exists among different rotary systems in the amount of canal transportation caused in the middle and apical third of the mesio-buccal canal in mandibular first molars. Although all rotary files caused some degrees of canal transportation, the rotary single-file instrument caused significantly greater canal transportation than the multiple-file sequences in the coronal third.
Ludwig's angina: a case report with a 5-year follow-up
Authors: Cecconi Dario Re , Fornara Roberto
Published: April 2019

Aim: Ludwig’s angina is a rare aggressive infection, often of dental origin, characterized by a rapid spread of cellulitis in the submandibular and sublingual spaces. Ludwig[42TD$DIF]’s angina is potentially fatal, if it obstructs the airways and if it is not treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy. Summary: The case report describes the diagnosis and the management of a Ludwig[42TD$DIF]’s angina caused by an endodontic infection in a 16 years-old female patient. The infection has been caused by a decay of the second lower right molar. After hospitalization and systemic antibiotic therapy, in accordance with the patient and the parents endodontic and restorative treatments of the tooth were performed. After 3 and 5 years, the radiological examination revealed no periapical lesions around right lower second molar and the presence of lamina dura. Key learning points: This aggressive infection may often be undervalued and this may cause dangerous consequences to the patient[43TD$DIF]’s life. The infection can be prevented by periodic dental care and interventions, which can avoid odontogenic infections. In the case of Ludwig’s angina, early diagnosis is fundamental to save the patient’s life. After the initial antibiotic therapy and once the life of the patient is no longer at risk, an appropriate endodontic therapy can be considered a valid therapy for this disease.
Home management of crown fractures of two central incisors complicated by exposure of the pulp
Authors: Boschini Luca
Published: April 2019

Aim: As dental trauma is an unpredictable event, the patient is sometimes unable to receive dental care immediately in case of tooth fracture complicated by exposure to the pulp. It is conceivable that a long wait may favor bacterial contamination that can lead to necrosis of the pulp. The aim of this paper is to present a clinical case in which the pulp has been protected domiciliary to reduce post-traumatic hypersensitivity and the risk of pulpal necrosis. Materials and methods: In the presented clinical case, the nail polish was used as an emergency material for the direct capping of the pulp of two fractured incisors. In thisway itwas possible to protect the pulp and seal the dentinal tubules for 5 days, such it is the time between trauma and therapy. Results: application of the nail polish led to a reduction in hypersensitivity; at 2-year follow-up both teeth were still vital. Conclusions: Based on this experience, it is suggested the possibility to recommend the use of nail polish as a protective material for the pulp and for reducing symptoms in case of complicated and uncomplicated fractures, if the dentist is consulted by telephone and the patient is not in condition to reach it quickly.
Apical preparation size after repetitive pecking to the working length using different endodontic file systems
Authors: Nathani Tousif Iqbal , Nathani Aatif Iqbal , Banode Ankur Mahesh , Khakiani Moez Ismail , Fernandez Juan Gonzalo Olivieri , Terol Fernando Duràn-Sindreu , Sans Francesc Abella
Published: April 2019

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the apical preparation size resulting from different pecking times to the working length (WL) with five different file systems. Materials and methods: Fifty standard simulated endodontic J-shaped blocks were instrumented using ProTaper NEXT (PTN), WaveOne (WO), WaveOne Gold (WOG), OneShape (OS) and the Self- Adjusting File (SAF) (n = 10) with different pecking times (1, 2 and 4) to the WL. For the SAF group, instrumentation was done till WL according to the time, i.e. 1, 3 and 4 min. On completion of each stage, silicone impression material was used to take canal impressions for comparison and evaluation of the apical size preparation, using a stereomicroscope. Two-way analysis of variance was applied to determine differences between groups and pecking times. Results: After four pecking times, a significant increase was observed in the apical diameter of four test groups compared to SAF (P < 0.05), which was not associated with increased apical preparation at all times. Conclusion: A greater apical enlargement occurs with increasing pecking times; however, SAF instrumentation exhibits the minimum changes in the apical preparation after 1, 3 and 4 min. WO, WOG and OS are able to prepare the apical size similar to their tip at a single peck to the WL.
SIE Congress: Between foundations and innovations the past is improved to look at the future of Endodontics
Authors: Rengo Sandro
Published: April 2019

Not available.
Apical surgery vs apical surgery with simultaneous orthograde retreatment: A prospective cohort clinical study of teeth affected by persistent periapical lesion
Authors: Prati Carlo , Azizi Arash , Pirani Chiara , Zamparini Fausto , Iacono Francesco , Montebugnoli Lucio , Gandolfi Maria Giovanna
Published: April 2019

Aim: This prospective clinical study analyzed the 24-month outcome of conventional apical surgery retro-filled with calcium-silicate cement versus apical surgery with simultaneous orthograde retreatment by means of clinical and radiographic criteria. Materials and methods: This study included 83 teeth affected by persistent periapical lesions in 68 patients. Mean age was 52 years (median = 51 years; range 19-81 years). Twenty-eight cases were treated with apical surgery, 16 cases with apical surgery with simultaneous orthograde retreatment and 39 cases with orthograde retreatment in previously treated teeth established as control group. Periapical index score (PAI) was used as radiographic criteria. Teeth were examined at 6 months, 1 and 2 years and classified as healed (without any symptoms and PAI 2), healing (without any symptoms and PAI = 3) or diseased (with symptoms or PAI 4 and not functional) on the basis of radiographic and clinical criteria. At 24 months evaluation, healed and healing were considered as success and diseased and fracture as failure. Multilevel GLM model and an ordered logistic regression as statistical analysis was made with level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Total drop-out was 7% (n = 6). After 6—9 months, 6 teeth (3 from apical surgery, 2 from simultaneous treatment and 1 from orthograde retreatment) were extracted for root fracture. Twenty-four-month success rate of apical surgery group was 78% (n = 17), apical surgery with simultaneous orthograde retreatment presented 81% (n = 10) and orthograde retreatment success was 80% (n = 24). There was no statistically difference between the groups at 24 months (p = 0.890). Conclusions: Both surgical techniques revealed a high percentage of healing, similar to that reported by previous studies. Apical surgery with simultaneous orthograde retreatment showed a faster healing after 12 months comparing to the control group.
Comparison of estimates and time series stability of Korea Community Health Survey and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Ki Ji Son , Kim Ho
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES: In South Korea, there are two nationwide health surveys conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The two surveys are directly comparable, as they have the same target population with some common items, and because both surveys are used in various analyses, identifying the similarities and disparities between the two surveys would promote their appropriate use. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the estimates of six variables in KCHS and eight variables in KNHANES over a six-year period and compare time series stability of region-specific and sex- and age-specific subgroup estimates.METHODS: Data from adults aged 19 years or older in the 2010-2015 KCHS and KNHANES were examined to analyze the differences of estimates and 95% confidence interval for self-rated health, current smoking rate, monthly drinking rate, hypertension diagnosis rate, diabetes diagnosis rate, obesity prevalence, hypertension prevalence, and diabetes prevalence. The variables were then clustered into subgroups by city as well as sex and age to assess the time series stability of the estimates based on mean square error.RESULTS: With the exception of self-rated health, the estimates taken based on questionnaires, namely current smoking rate, monthly drinking rate, hypertension diagnosis rate, and diabetes diagnosis rate, only differed by less than 1.0%p for both KCHS and KNHANES. However, for KNHANES, estimates taken from physical examination data, namely obesity prevalence, hypertension prevalence, and diabetes prevalence, differed by 1.9-8.4%p, which was greater than the gap in the estimates taken from questionnaires. KCHS had a greater time series stability for subgroup estimates than KNHANES.CONCLUSIONS: When using the data from KCHS and KNHANES, the data should be selected and used based on the purpose of analysis and policy and in consideration of the various differences between the two data.
The importance of milk and dairy products consumption as a part of rational nutrition
Authors: Kubicová Ľubica , Predanocyová Kristí­na , Kádeková Zdenka
Published: April 2019

The paper is focused on the issue of consumption of milk and dairy products as an important part of the rational nutrition of the population of the Slovak Republic. The aim of the paper is to highlight the development of consumption of drinking milk and selected dairy products, including cheese and acid-based products, in the last 20 years in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. Furthermore, the paper focuses on comparing current consumption of milk and dairy products with recommended intakes resulting from the rationalization of diet. Based on the results, it can be stated that the consumption of milk and dairy products is insufficient at the level of 70% of the recommended consumption intakes of the selected food group. In connection with this, it is important to note that the consumption of drinking milk is low. The results obtained by processing the secondary data were supplemented with the primary data obtained from the questionnaire survey. Based on the results, we have conclude that most consumers are trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle and rational diet, which is just the consumption of milk and dairy products. Consumers especially prefer drinking milk, cheese and yoghurt, whose consumption is still low, which the respondents attribute to the high prices of the monitored products as compared to their income. On the other hand, the results showed the main factors determining the consumption of milk and dairy products, among which we can include quality, composition, price, durability and nutrition data. Based on the results obtained by processing secondary data and primary research, we suggest informing and educating consumers about the positive health effects and highlighting the recommended benefits to a greater extent.
Assessment of lipid peroxidation in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis
Authors: Zigo František , Elečko Juraj , Vasiľ Milan , Farkašová Zuzana , Zigová Martina , Takáč Ladislav , Takáčová Jana , Bujok Jolanta , Kielb Ewa Pecka
Published: April 2019

Mastitis is still one of the major causes of economic losses in dairy sector. The routine application of bacteriologic examination of milk samples is often insufficient and for this reason, alternative parameters are used to identify trends in the development of the udder health. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the relationship of oxidative product levels, using malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker on occurrence of mastitis and its causing pathogens. Dairy herd of 223 Slovak spotted cattle were tested for etiology and occurrence of mastitis based on assessment of clinical signs, abnormal udder secretions, Californian Mastitis Test (CMT) with subsequent collecting of milk samples for bacteriological examination. From 892 quarter milk samples were selected for MDA detection 51 subclinical (SM) and 26 clinical mastitis (CM) quarters with positive CMT score and positive bacteriological examination of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. as well 40 healthy quarters. Results showed that among the current pathogens of the mammary gland belong CNS, S. aureus, S. sanguinis, S. uberis and E. coli, which were the most frequently isolated from SM and CM. The highest MDA level was observed from clinical cases of mastitis however, increased MDA levels were detectable from subclinical cases. Bacterial isolates from subclinical quarter milk samples are different levels of MDA. In this study, we found that quarter milk samples infected with S. uberis were higher compared to other pathogens. In conclusion, differences in both severity of mastitis and mastitic pathogens were associated with differences of oxidative products in infected udders.
The Vocabulary Knowledge of Saudi EFL Tertiary Students
Authors: Altalhab Sultan
Published: April 2019

This study examines the vocabulary knowledge of 120 Saudi tertiary students in order to scrutinise their ability to communicate in English. A vocabulary test constructed by Nation and Beglar (2007) was utilised in the study. The findings revealed that the mean vocabulary size of Saudi EFL tertiary students was roughly 3000 words. Nevertheless, most of the participants achieved low scores in the vocabulary low frequency levels. Some participants were unable to answer any item correctly in these low and mid frequency levels. This suggests that while those students might be able to communicate at a basic level, dealing with reading simplified texts and comprehending listening materials, they may struggle with reading authentic texts, producing a high quality of writing and watching English TV programmes and films.
The Phenomenon of Human Mind Slip in Rapid Writing Chinese Characters
Authors: Zhou Xiaoying
Published: April 2019

The slip-over phenomenon is a very interesting feature in rapid writing Chinese characters, a unique psychological phenomenon in Chinese language. Most of the slip-over characters appear in set phrases. It is just like a walking man, when he is in a hurry he would sometimes run one or two steps. Since most Chinese characters contain radicals, slip-over phenomenon occurs quite frequently. In this paper the author lists four groups of slip-over characters and analyzes their psychological processes. The author holds that this study is useful, in some ways, in their use in computers.
Estimating Shadow Economy and Tax Evasion: Evidence from Morocco
Authors: Angour Nora , Nmili Mohammed
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this article is to assess the extent of tax evasion in Morocco for the period from 1985 to 2016. Aware of the difficulty of directly measuring a phenomenon that is hidden by nature, we are opting to use an indirect approach commonly applied in the empirical literature. Hence, we use the MIMIC method, which makes it possible first to estimate the shadow sector economy, and then deduct the tax evasion from it. Our results showed that the average extent of tax evasion and shadow economy in Morocco achieve 6.19% and 38.74% of GDP during the period studied from 1985 to 2016. Also, the tax burden, the rate of openness, the rate of urbanization, the agricultural sector, and unemployment rate are the main determinants of tax evasion in Morocco.
Use of the Journal Impact Factor in academic review, promotion, and tenure evaluations
Authors: McKiernan Erin C. , Schimanski Lesley A. , Muñoz Nieves Carol , Matthias Lisa , Niles Meredith T. , Alperin Juan Pablo
Published: April 2019

The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) was originally designed to aid libraries in deciding which journals to index and purchase for their collections. Over the past few decades, however, it has become a relied upon metric used to evaluate research articles based on journal rank. Surveyed faculty often report feeling pressure to publish in journals with high JIFs and mention reliance on the JIF as one problem with current academic evaluation systems. While faculty reports are useful, information is lacking on how often and in what ways the JIF is currently used for review, promotion, and tenure (RPT). We therefore collected and analyzed RPT documents from a representative sample of 129 universities from the United States and Canada and 381 of their academic units. We found that 40% of doctoral, research-intensive (R-type) institutions and 18% of master’s, or comprehensive (M-type) institutions explicitly mentioned the JIF, or closely related terms, in their RPT documents. Undergraduate, or baccalaureate (B-type) institutions did not mention it at all. A detailed reading of these documents suggests that institutions may also be using a variety of terms to indirectly refer to the JIF. Our qualitative analysis shows that 87% of the institutions that mentioned the JIF supported the metric’s use in at least one of their RPT documents, while 13% of institutions expressed caution about the JIF’s use in evaluations. None of the RPT documents we analyzed heavily criticized the JIF or prohibited its use in evaluations. Of the institutions that mentioned the JIF, 63% associated it with quality, 40% with impact, importance, or significance, and 20% with prestige, reputation, or status. In sum, our results show that the use of the JIF is encouraged in RPT evaluations, especially at research-intensive universities, and indicates there is work to be done to improve evaluation processes to avoid the potential misuse of metrics like the JIF.
The evolution of intergroup tolerance in non-human primates and humans
Authors: Pisor Anne C , Surbeck Martin
Published: April 2019

Primate individuals use a variety of strategies in intergroup encounters, from aggression to tolerance; however, recent focus on the evolution of either warfare or peace has come at the cost of characterizing this variability. We identify evolutionary advantages that may incentivize tolerance toward extra-group individuals in humans and non-human primates, including enhanced benefits in the domains of transfer, mating, and food acquisition. We highlight the role these factors play in the flexibility of gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and human behavior. Given humans have an especially broad range of intergroup behavior, we explore how the human foraging ecology, especially large geographic and temporal fluctuations in resource availability, may have selected for a greater reliance on tolerant between-community relationships – relationships reinforced by status acquisition and cultural institutions. We conclude by urging careful, theoretically-motivated study of behavioral flexibility in intergroup encounters in humans and the non-human great apes.
3D printed testing aids for radiographic quality control
Authors: Ogden Kent M. , Morabito Kristin E. , Depew Paul K.
Published: April 2019

Quality control testing of radiographic and fluoroscopic imaging systems requires positioning of test objects in the x‐ray beam in a precise and repeatable fashion. In this work we present several three‐dimensional (3D) printed testing aids that improve efficiency, accuracy, and repeatability of quality control testing. We also present a new device for determining the location of the perpendicular ray in radiographic systems. These devices were designed in an open source software program (OpenScad, http://www.openscad.org) and 3D models were saved in .stl format for printing. The models were printed on either a MakerBot Replicator 2 or Replicator Z18 printer (MakerBot Industries, LLC, Brooklyn, NY). The testing aids were printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. To investigate the radiographic characteristics of the PLA used, test articles were printed and used to measure the half‐value layer (HVL) thicknesses in mm of PLA and half‐value densities (HVD) in g/cm2 of PLA for two different colors and over a wide range of radiographic beam qualities, using a portable fluoroscopic c‐arm system. HVL thicknesses of clear PLA ranged from approximately 20 mm at 50 kV nominal tube voltage to 27 mm at 120 kV nominal tube voltage. For green PLA, the HVL thickness was 19 mm at 50 kV tube voltage and 25.7 mm at 120 kV tube voltage. The HVD of clear PLA ranged from 2.37 g/cm2 at 50 kV nominal tube voltage to 3.19 g/cm2 at 120 kV nominal tube voltage. For green PLA, the HVD was 2.35 g/cm2 at 50 kV tube voltage and 3.17 g/cm2 at 120 kV tube voltage. The cost of the devices range from under $2 to approximately $20 in materials. The files used to create the models are freely available at https://github.com/Upstate3DLab/3D-Printed-Radiographic-Test-Tools.
Medications in parents of kids with cancer; IV ketamine for TRD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2019

Our two Journal Watch stories this week are about the stress‐related psychotropic drug use in parents of children with cancer, and a study of IV ketamine for treatment‐resistant depression in adolescents.
Effect of Liquid Phase Impregnation Coatings on the Interfacial Bonding Strength of Carbon Fiber‐Reinforced Aluminum
Authors: Jiménez Miguel , Vetter Joshua , Gadow Rainer , Carrión Francisco J. , Sanes José , Bermúdez María‐Dolores
Published: April 2019

Liquid Phase Impregnation (LPI) fiber coatings applied as thin solid films are found to modify the fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced AlSi5 composites in a previous study. In order to quantify the influence of these fiber treatments on the interfacial bonding strength of the composites, samples from coated and untreated fibers (reference) are characterized through fiber push‐out technique. Glassy carbon and silicon oxycarbide coatings lead to a reduction of the interfacial bonding strength of 81% and 83%, respectively, in comparison to the reference sample. A fractographic study of the tested specimens by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis (EDX) identifies the adhesive failure at the fiber/coating contact as predominant failure mode of the system.
Effective Delivery of Hypertrophic miRNA Inhibitor by Cholesterol‐Containing Nanocarriers for Preventing Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Zhi Ying , Xu Chen , Sui Dandan , Du Jie , Xu Fu‐Jian , Li Yulin
Published: April 2019

Persistent cardiac hypertrophy causes heart failure and sudden death. Gene therapy is a promising intervention for this disease, but is limited by the lack of effective delivery systems. Herein, it is reported that CHO‐PGEA (cholesterol (CHO)‐terminated ethanolamine‐aminated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)) can efficiently condense small RNAs into nanosystems for preventing cardiac hypertrophy. CHO‐PGEA contains two features: 1) lipophilic cholesterol groups enhance transfection efficiency in cardiomyocytes, 2) abundant hydrophilic hydroxyl groups benefit biocompatibility. miR‐182, which is known to downregulate forkhead box O3, is selected as an intervention target and can be blocked by synthetic small RNA inhibitor of miR‐182 (miR‐182‐in). CHO‐PGEA can efficiently deliver miR‐182‐in into hearts. In the mice with aortic coarctation, CHO‐PEGA/miR‐182‐in significantly suppresses cardiac hypertrophy without organ injury. This work demonstrates that CHO‐PGEA/miRNA nanosystems are very promising for RNA‐based therapeutics to treat heart diseases.
Disaster‐related carbon monoxide poisoning after the Great East Japan Earthquake, 2011: a nationwide observational study
Authors: Nakajima Mikio , Aso Shotaro , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: April 2019

Aim

To investigate disaster‐related carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning after the Great East Japan Earthquake using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. We identified adult patients with CO poisoning who were registered in the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database from 2010 to 2017. We evaluated trends in the numbers of patients with CO poisoning each month from disaster (Tohoku region) and non‐disaster areas. In the disaster area, we compared the numbers of patients with CO poisoning during pre‐ and post‐earthquake periods. We also compared the numbers of CO poisonings after the earthquake (<30 days) and 1 year later.

Results

Eligible patients (n = 7,814) were categorized into disaster area (n = 988) and non‐disaster area (n = 6,826) groups. The numbers of CO‐poisoned patients in the non‐disaster area showed a seasonal variation, and there was a significant peak registered on March 11 in the disaster area. In the disaster area, the number of patients with CO poisoning in the post‐earthquake period was significantly higher than that in the pre‐earthquake period (135 versus 18; odds ratio, 7.50; 95% confidence interval, 4.59–12.3). The number of patients in the post‐earthquake period was also significantly higher than that on April 9, 2012, which was one month after the annual follow‐up (135 versus 10; odds ratio, 13.5; 95% confidence interval, 7.10–25.7).

Conclusion

This study showed that CO poisoning significantly increased in the affected area after the Great East Japan Earthquake, underlining the importance of providing information regarding the hazard of earthquake‐related CO poisoning.
Spatiotemporal Control of Enzyme‐Induced Crystallization Under Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Nanoconfinement
Authors: Vallooran Jijo J. , Assenza Salvatore , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: April 2019

Water nanoconfinement has important effects on the properties of biomolecules and ultimately on their specific functions. By performing experiments and molecular dynamic simulations, we show how intrinsic nanoconfinement controls the crystallization of small organic molecules converted by enzymatic reactions within the water nanochannels of lipid cubic phases (LCPs). By controlling the nanochannel size, enzymatic reactions in LCPs can be engineered to turn the same converted substrate into its soluble, microcrystal, or needle‐like crystal form due to the large variability in water dynamics. Differential scanning calorimetry studies, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, show that most of water within the mesophase nanochannels behaves differently due to interactions with the LCP interface, and that this mechanism has a larger impact for smaller channels. These findings suggest that the amount of free water in the core of the nanochannels is the key factor determining local substrate diffusion and self‐assembly within LCPs.
Reversible Sodium Metal Electrodes: Is Fluorine an Essential Interphasial Component?
Authors: Doi Kyosuke , Yamada Yuki , Okoshi Masaki , Ono Junichi , Chou Chien‐Pin , Nakai Hiromi , Yamada Atsuo
Published: April 2019

Alkaline metals are an ideal negative electrode for rechargeable batteries. Forming a fluorine‐rich interphase by a fluorinated electrolyte is recognized as key to utilizing lithium metal electrodes, and the same strategy is being applied to sodium metal electrodes. However, their reversible plating/stripping reactions have yet to be achieved. Herein, we report a contrary concept of fluorine‐free electrolytes for sodium metal batteries. A sodium tetraphenylborate/monoglyme electrolyte enables reversible sodium plating/stripping at an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.85 % over 300 cycles. Importantly, the interphase is composed mainly of carbon, oxygen, and sodium elements with a negligible presence of fluorine, but it has both high stability and extremely low resistance. This work suggests a new direction for stabilizing sodium metal electrodes via fluorine‐free interphases.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Pseudopteroxazole and Ileabethoxazole
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Fang Xianhe , Xu Miao , Lei Yibo , Wu Zibo , Hu Xiangdong
Published: April 2019

Enantioselective total syntheses of pseudopteroxazole (1) and ileabethoxazole (2) are presented. The two original stereocenters were constructed in excellent enantioselectivity and good diastereoselectivity through Carreira's asymmetric dual catalytic allylation, which shows potential for accessing diastereoisomers at C2 and C3 of 1 and 2. Cationic cyclizations of 13 and 24 demonstrated an effective pathway for the construction of the opposite configurations at C1 in 1 and 2. Additionally, an approach for the introduction of methyl at C4 is a feasible solution for structural modifications at C4 in 1 and 2.
Nonedible oil biodiesels: The cutting‐edge future of renewable energy in India
Authors: Banka Samidha , Parikh Sachin P.
Published: April 2019

India being the second largest populated nation has always been energy deficit. In the run, several alternate sources of energy have been tested and utilized to compensate the energy deficiency; these sources include solar, wind, nuclear, hydro, and bioenergy. This paper focuses on the technical, social, and economic aspects of biodiesels produced from various nonpopular sources available in India, which at present are not been practiced on the commercial scale, but their viability has been tested successfully. The study has been made on biodiesels from neem oil, rubber seed oil, karanja seed oil, sal seed oil, kusum oil, simarauba oil, mahua oil, thumba oil, tobacco seed oil, cherua oil, pilu oil, jojoba wax, and tung oil. The paper also discusses the future and setbacks of biodiesel keeping Indian subcontinent in the vision and even throws light on various biofuel policies being implemented by the government. As the study concludes, we have identified that India's diverse flora, as well as agriculture pattern, has potential to boost the discovery, production process, technology transfer, and usage of various unsung nonedible oil‐based biodiesels.
A multidisciplinary approach to assess recovery of consciousness in a patient with moyamoya disease
Authors: Formica Caterina , Corallo Francesco , Morabito Rosa , Allone Cettina , De Salvo Simona , Micchia Katia , Corallo Federica , Todaro Antonino , Marino Silvia
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Moyamoya disease (MMD) meaning “hazy puff of smoke” in Japanese is a rare chronic cerebrovascular syndrome characterized by progressive stenosis and occlusion of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs), and middle cerebral arteries (MCAs).

Methods

Our moyamoya patient with severely impaired cognitive and motor functions underwent a specific motor and neuropsychological rehabilitative treatments to assess the recovery of consciousness.

Results

Results obtained showed an improvement of clinical and neuropsychological examination. These findings highlighted the importance of an intensive rehabilitation techniques used in the care of disorders of consciousness patients.

Conclusions

The use of sensory methods provides advantages for the rehabilitation. In fact, in this study, we showed a correlation between sensory stimulation and changes in patient's clinical status.
LukS‐PV induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells mediated by C5a receptor
Authors: Zhang Peng , Yu Wen‐Wei , Peng Jing , Xu Liang‐Fei , Zhao Chang‐Cheng , Chang Wen‐Jiao , Ma Xiao‐Ling
Published: April 2019

LukS‐PV is one of the two components of Panton‐Valentine leucocidin (PVL). Our previous study showed that LukS‐PV can induce apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) THP‐1 and HL‐60 cells. C5aR (C5a receptor) is the receptor for PVL, but whether C5aR plays a key role in LukS‐PV induced apoptosis is unclear. The aim of this study was to establish whether C5aR plays a physiological role in apoptosis of leukemia cells induced by LukS‐PV. We investigated the role of C5aR in leukemia cell apoptosis induced by LukS‐PV by pretreatment of THP‐1 and HL‐60 cells with C5aR antagonist and transfection to knockdown C5aR in THP‐1 cells or overexpress C5aR in Jurkat cells before treatment with LukS‐PV. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by staining with Annexin V/propidium iodide or Annexin V‐PE/7‐AAD. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was determined using JC‐1 dye. The expression of apoptosis‐associated genes and proteins was identified by qRT‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis, respectively. As the C5aR antagonist concentration increased, the rate of apoptosis induced by LukS‐PV decreased, the MMP increased, and expression of pro‐apoptotic Bax and Bak genes and proteins was downregulated while that of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐x genes and proteins was upregulated. Knockdown of C5aR also decreased LukS‐PV–induced THP‐1 cell apoptosis. LukS‐PV did not induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells, which have no endogenous C5aR expression; however, LukS‐PV did induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells after overexpression of C5aR. Correspondingly, the MMP decreased and Bax and Bak were upregulated while Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐x were downregulated. LukS‐PV can induce apoptosis in AML cells by targeting C5aR. C5aR may be a potential therapeutic target for AML and LukS‐PV is a candidate targeted drug for the treatment of AML.
Brachial plexopathy with Sjögren syndrome
Authors: Bhagavan Sachin M. , Beladakere Ramaswamy Swathi , Khakh Gurpreet S. , Govindarajan Raghav
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical Message

This report will explain an unusual presentation of brachial plexopathy associated with manifestation of Sjögrens and will emphasize that Sjögrens may also present initially with neurological involvement only.
15N MRI of SLIC‐SABRE Hyperpolarized 15N‐Labelled Pyridine and Nicotinamide
Authors: Svyatova Alexandra , Skovpin Ivan V. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Koptyug Igor V.
Published: April 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful non‐invasive diagnostic method extensively used in biomedical studies. A significant limitation of MRI is its relatively low signal‐to‐noise ratio, which can be increased by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins. One promising method is Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), which employs parahydrogen as a source of hyperpolarization. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility to improve MRI sensitivity with this hyperpolarization technique. Hyperpolarized 15N nuclei in biomolecules can potentially retain their spin alignment for tens of minutes, providing an extended time window for the utilization of the hyperpolarized compounds. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that radio‐frequency‐based SABRE hyperpolarization techniques can be used to obtain 15N MRI of biomolecule 1‐15N‐nicotinamide. Two image acquisition strategies were utilized and compared: Single Point Imaging (SPI) and Fast Low Angle SHot (FLASH). These methods demonstrated opportunities of high‐field SABRE for biomedical applications.
Survey on secure search over encrypted data on the cloud
Authors: Pham Hoang , Woodworth Jason , Amini Salehi Mohsen
Published: April 2019

Cloud computing has become a potential resource for businesses and individuals to outsource their data to remote but highly accessible servers. However, the potential of cloud services has not been fully realized due to users concerns about data privacy and security. User‐side encryption techniques can be employed to mitigate the security concerns, but once the data is encrypted, no processing (eg, searching) can be performed on the outsourced data. Searchable Encryption (SE) techniques have been widely studied to enable searching on the data while they are encrypted. These techniques enable various types of search on the encrypted data and offer different levels of security. While these techniques enable different search types and vary in details, they share similarities in their components and architectures. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on different secure search techniques, a high‐level architecture for these systems, and an analysis of their performance and security level.
Carbon Nanotubes Conjugated with Triazole‐Based Tetrathiafulvalene‐Type Receptors for C60 Recognition
Authors: Mateos‐Gil Jaime , Calbo Joaquín , Rodríguez‐Pérez Laura , Ángeles Herranz Ma , Ortí Enrique , Martín Nazario
Published: April 2019

Fullerene receptors prepared by a twofold CuI‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction with π‐extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) have been covalently linked to single‐walled carbon nanotubes and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The nanoconjugates obtained were characterized by several analytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques (TEM, FTIR, Raman, TGA and XPS), and evaluated as C60 receptors by using UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The complexation between the exTTF‐triazole receptor in the free state and C60 was also studied by UV‐Vis and 1H NMR titrations, and compared with analogous triazole‐based tweezer‐type receptors containing the electron‐acceptor 11,11,12,12‐tetracyano‐9,10‐anthraquinodimethane and benzene rings instead of exTTF motifs, providing in all cases very similar values for the association constant (log Ka≈3.0−3.1). Theoretical density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the enhanced interaction between the host and the guest upon increasing the size of the π‐conjugated arms of the tweezer is compensated by an increase in the energy penalty needed to distort the geometry of the host to wrap C60.
Rapid Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Monomers Obtained from Biomass‐Derived Furfuryl Amines and Maleic Anhydride
Authors: Blanpain Anna , Clark James H. , Farmer Thomas J. , Guo Yuanlong , Ingram Ian D. V. , Kendrick John E. , Lawrenson Stefan B. , North Michael , Rodgers George , Whitwood Adrian C.
Published: April 2019

Well‐controlled and extremely rapid ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of unusual oxanorbornene lactam esters by Grubbs third‐generation catalyst is used to prepare a range of bio‐based homo‐ and copolymers. Bio‐derived oxanorbornene lactam monomers were prepared at room temperature from maleic anhydride and secondary furfuryl amines by using a 100 % atom economical, tandem Diels–Alder lactamization reaction, followed by esterification. Several of the resulting homo‐ and copolymers show good control over polymer molecular weight and have narrow molecular weight distributions.
Study on transition process of vacuum arc under transverse magnetic field
Authors: Liu Zixi , Xiu Shixin , Wang Ting , Zhao Li , Zhang Yanzhe , Feng Dingyu
Published: April 2019

The transverse magnetic field (TMF) drives the vacuum arc to move along the surface of the contacts to prevent the local overheating and melting of the contact surfaces. The arcing process has great influence on the breaking capacity of short‐circuit current. In this paper, the arcing process between three types of TMF contacts was investigated. The transition process of an arc from the ignition stage to the diffusion stage was discussed. The transition moment, transition gap distance, and transition current were obtained. It was found that the axial magnetic field component of TMF contacts affected the arc transition process.