bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liebesfilme, Geschlechtskrankheiten und eugenische Ehe. Diskurse über Seouler Kinobesucherinnen in den 1920er- und -30er-Jahren
Authors: Gang Sung Un
Published: June 2023

Diese Arbeit untersucht, warum in den 1920er-Jahren eine mediale Diskussion über den Kinobesuch koreanischer Schulmädchen ausgelöst wurde und inwiefern diese mit dem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen romantischer Liebe und der eugenischen Bewegung im kolonialen Korea zusammenhing. Mittels historischer Diskursanalyse identifiziert diese Arbeit die filmische Darstellung der romantischen Liebe, die Sorge über ihre affektive Kraft auf die Jugendlichen und die Einflüsse der Eugenik als maßgeblichen Bezugsrahmen der Debatte. Während die koreanischen Jugendlichen Filme als ein Referenzsystem für ihre eigene Praxis der „absoluten Liebe“ nutzten, versuchten die Eugeniker*innen, ihre Sexualität im Sinne der „Rassenverbesserung und des Wohls des Staates“ zu regulieren. Die Koreanische Eugenische Vereinigung (KEV) fokussierte sich auf die Realisierung der sogenannten „eugenischen Ehe“ durch die Prävention von Geschlechtskrankheiten und riet Frauen, Männern ohne Geschlechtskrankheiten zu heiraten und sich um die sexuelle Gesundheit ihrer Ehemänner zu kümmern. Ferner wurden Kinobesuche während der Schwangerschaft als Risiko für die ungeborenen Kinder erklärt, weil sie auf die körperliche Gesundheit sowie Psychohygiene der Mütter negative Einflüsse haben könnten. Frauen, die sexuelle Dienstleistungen anboten, galten als Infektionsrisiko. Diese Arbeit stellt fest, dass der koreanische eugenische Diskurs der 1920er- und 1930er-Jahre geschlechts- und schichtspezifisch ablief und die Körper und Sexualität der jungen Frauen zu kontrollieren versuchte.
Deep representation learning and reinforcement learning for workpiece setup optimization in CNC milling
Authors: Samsonov Vladimir , Chrismarie Enslin , Köpken Hans-Georg , Bär Schirin , Lütticke Daniel , Meisen Tobias
Published: June 2023

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling is a commonly used manufacturing process with a high level of automation. Nevertheless, setting up a new CNC milling process involves multiple development steps relying heavily on human expertise. In this work, we focus on positioning and orientation of the workpiece (WP) in the working space of a CNC milling machine and propose a deep learning approach to speed up this process significantly. The selection of the WP’s setup depends on the chosen milling technological process, the geometry of the WP, and the capabilities of the considered CNC machining. It directly impacts the milling quality, machine wear, and overall energy consumption. Our approach relies on representation learning of the milling technological process with the subsequent use of reinforcement learning (RL) for the WP positioning and orientation. Solutions proposed by the RL agent are used as a warm start for simple hill-climbing heuristics, which boosts overall performance while keeping the overall number of search iterations low. The novelty of the developed approach is the ability to conduct the WP setup optimization covering both WP positioning and orientation while ensuring the axis collision avoidance, minimization of the axis traveled distances and improving the dynamic characteristics of the milling process with no input from human experts. Experiments show the potential of the proposed learning-based approach to generate almost comparably good WP setups order of magnitude faster than common metaheuristics, such as genetic algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSA).
Patient–healthcare provider communication and age-related hearing loss: a qualitative study of patients’ perspectives
Authors: Lu Lorita Lee Mei , Henn Patrick , O’Tuathaigh Colm , Smith Simon
Published: June 2023

Background

The prevalence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) significantly increases in people aged 60 and older. Medical errors are frequently reported because of communication breakdown, especially for patients with ARHL.

Aims

This qualitative study focuses on identifying the communication challenges faced by people aged over 65 with ARHL and potential ameliorative strategies based on the participants’ personal experiences.

Methods

Thirteen participants, attending a support service for older adults with hearing loss in the South of Ireland, were recruited using convenience sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed using NVivo 12 software. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis methodology was used to identify themes arising from two main study domains: difficulties faced during the most recent healthcare interaction and suggestions for improving overall healthcare communication.

Results

Older adults with hearing loss identified general mishearing, lack of awareness and use of medical terminology to be the cause of ineffective communication. Raising awareness of the impact of presbycusis on clinical interaction among healthcare professionals was cited as being of crucial importance. Other helpful strategies include repeat and rephrase, use of written information, providing context, minimizing ambient noise, continuity of care, longer consultation length and good body language.

Conclusion

Effective clinical communication can be achieved through a clear understanding of the patient’s perspective. Healthcare providers should be made aware of the hearing issues and associated communication difficulties posed, within the context of the development of patient-centred strategies to improve patient safety.
Designing an instrument to measure the development of techno-mathematical literacies in an innovative mathematics course for future engineers in STEM education
Authors: van der Wal Nathalie J. , Bakker Arthur , Drijvers Paul
Published: June 2023

Techno-mathematical Literacies (TmL), which are defined as a combination of mathematical, workplace and ICT knowledge, and communicative skills, are acknowledged as important learning goals in STEM education. Still, much remains unknown about ways to address them in teaching and to assess their development. To investigate this, we designed and implemented an innovative course in applied mathematics with a focus on Techno-mathematical Literacies for 1st-year engineering students, and we set out to measure the learning effect of the course. Because measuring TmL is an uncharted terrain, we designed tests that could serve as pre- or posttests. To prevent a test learning effect, we aimed to design two different but equally difficult tests A and B. These were assigned randomly to 68 chemistry students, as a pretest, with the other one serving as posttest after the course. A significant development in TmL was found in the B-pre group, but not in the A-pre group. Therefore, as a follow-up analysis we investigated whether the two tests were equally difficult and searched for possible explanations. We found that test B was indeed perceived as more difficult than test A, but also that students who were assigned B (pre) were previously higher achieving than A (pre), and a sound mastery level of basic skills that ground the higher-order TmL seemed necessary. Furthermore, as TmL are very heterogenous by nature, some of them are easier learned and measured than others. Based on the results, we propose ways of testing TmL, which should be validated in future research.
Household energy consumption and the financial feasibility of self-consumption through photovoltaic panels in Spain
Authors: García-López Marcos , Montano Borja , Melgarejo Joaquín
Published: June 2023

Energy consumption is one of the main costs faced by households, both financially and environmentally. This article analyses the energy consumption of Spanish households and the cost of installing solar panels in order to determine the potential of this form of energy production on a household level. The results show that households with a larger number of members have a higher total consumption but a lower consumption per person. The composition of the household is therefore a key determinant of the potential savings from solar panels. This alternative is financially viable, as the unit price paid for energy in these households is between €0.28 and €0.29 per kilowatt-hour (kWh), while the average cost per kWh obtained from the panels is between €0.15 and €0.21. However, the current public subsidies for the installation of solar panels in Spain are inaccessible to 68% of the country’s households, and there are difficulties in the distribution of energy in neighbouring communities. In other words, although in financial terms home PV self-consumption is a financially viable option, the inability to obtaining subsidies makes the initial investment a major barrier for many households.
Fake Happy = Happy? Residual Effect of Feigning and Positive Response Bias
Authors: Boskovic Irena , Tejada-Gallardo Claudia , Ludwig Nina , Blasco-Belled Ana
Published: June 2023

Residual effect of feigning pertains to the findings that individuals, first instructed to feign symptoms, later endorse those symptoms despite being told to respond honestly. We explored whether the same effect would occur if participants were instructed to fabricate positive experiences, such as happiness, by employing a simulation design that included two groups and two testing sessions. The control group received instructions to respond honestly, and the “fake happy” had a task to identify with an exceptionally happy person depicted in a vignette. During Session 1, all participants received the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Supernormality Scale-Revised. In Session 2, after eight days, all participants responded honestly to the Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences and the Flourishing Scale. Overall, fake happy participants, when compared to the control group, exhibited higher levels of supernormality (i.e., positive response bias) and well-being in Session 1. Hence, the instructions had an immediate effect on one’s self-presentation. Yet, the two groups did not differ in Session 2, indicating that the residual effect of feigning was not depicted, or was not strong enough to persist the 8-day period between the sessions. Looking within both groups, all participants significantly lowered their well-being scores overtime. Limitations and implications of this work are discussed.
Weed flora composition in a young olive orchard as affected by fertilizer types
Authors: Platis Petros , Damalas Christos A. , Koutroubas Spyridon D.
Published: June 2023

Manure is a useful source of nutrients in olive orchards, but its effect on weed growth in such an ecosystem has not been studied. A field experiment was conducted in a six-year old olive orchard (cv. Chondrelia Chalkidikis) in northern Greece to study the effects of two forms of fertilization (inorganic fertilizer and composted cow manure) on weeds abundance and weed flora composition (species diversity and dominance). A randomized complete block design with three treatments (inorganic fertilizer, 150 kg N ha−1 plus 205 kg P2O5 ha−1 plus 205 kg K2O; composted cow manure, 20 Mg dry weight ha−1; and control) replicated three times was used. Inorganic fertilizer and composted cow manure had no significant effect on the number of weed species (F = 0.288, P > 0.05), but improved olive fruit yield by 61.6% and 57.1%, respectively, compared with the non-fertilized control. Both inorganic fertilizer and composted cow manure increased the weeds dry biomass by 133.4% and 80.8%, respectively, compared with the non-fertilized control. There was a decrease in the biomass proportion (percentage of the total weed biomass) of annual species with composted cow manure (x2 = 6.72, P < 0.05), while no significant change in the biomass ratio of grasses and broadleaf weeds was observed. Fertilization increased the growth of Chenopodium album, mainly with the addition of inorganic fertilization; and Sonchus oleraceus, slightly more with the addition of composted cow manure. Centaurea solstitialis and Daucus carota had a high proportion only in the non-fertilized control plots. Composted cow manure can be used as an alternative fertilizer in olive orchards, without enriching weed flora in terms of species number. Long-term experiments would be useful to confirm the influence of composted cow manure on weed flora of olive orchards.
A Gravitation-Based Hierarchical Community Detection Algorithm for Structuring Supply Chain Network
Authors: Lu Zhigang , Dong Zonghao
Published: June 2023

As industrial production outsourcing expands, the collaboration relationship of firms evolves to be more entangled, which means that the enterprise communities in the supply chain network become increasingly overlapping and their boundaries are ambiguous. Given the network complexity, deeper insight into the sequencing orders of suppliers and assemblers is required to orchestrate the supply chain partner collaboration. Considering the overlapping community and multi-layered connectivity characteristics of the supply chain network, in this paper, we design a gravitation-based hierarchical community detection algorithm for structuring the supply chain network. The solution applies a functional modules identification strategy based on node gravitation and a hierarchical clustering strategy based on module gravitation to structure the supply chain network architecture. The key technique is to investigate the global gravitational influence of focal firms, segment the functional modules by characterizing the overlapping conditions among communities, and construct the dendrogram by measuring the gravitational forces between modules in order to map the hierarchical architecture of the dendrogram to structure the supply chain network. The proposed algorithm does not necessitate a prior knowledge about the network. It is adaptable to construct the supply chain network that exhibits scale-free, highly overlapped modular community, and hierarchical characteristics. Experimental results on synthetic benchmark and real-world networks demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm.
Dante and the Practice of Humility
Authors: Teubner Rachel K.
Published: June 2023

In this book, Rachel Teubner offers an exploration of humility in Dante's Divine Comedy, arguing that the poem is an ascetical exercise concerned with training its author gradually in the practice of humility, rather than being a reflection of authorial hubris. A contribution to recent scholarship that considers the poem to be a work of self-examination, her volume investigates its scriptural, literary, and liturgical sources, also offering fresh feminist perspectives on its theological challenges. Teubner demonstrates how the poetry of the Comedy is theologically significant, focusing especially on the poem's definition of humility as ethically and artistically meaningful. Interrogating the text canto by canto, she also reveals how contemporary tools of literary analysis can offer new insights into its meaning. Undergraduate and novice readers will benefit from this companion, just as theologians and scholars of medieval religion will be introduced to a growing body of scholarship exploring Dante's religious thought.
Dynamics of Flexible Aircraft
Authors: Palacios Rafael , Cesnik Carlos E. S.
Published: June 2023

Explore the connections among aeroelasticity, flight dynamics, and control with an up-to-date multidisciplinary approach. New insights into the interaction between these fields, which is a distinctive feature of many modern aircraft designed for very high aerodynamic efficiency, are fully illustrated in this one-of-a-kind book. Presenting basic concepts in a systematic and rigorous, yet accessible way, this book builds up to state-of-the-art models through an intuitive step-by-step approach. Both linear and nonlinear attributes are covered and, by revisiting classical solutions using modern analysis methods, this book provides a unique perspective to bridge the gap between disciplines. Numerous original numerical examples, including online source codes, help to build intuition through hands-on activities. This book will empower the reader to design better and more environmentally friendly aircraft, and is an ideal resource for graduate students, researchers, and aerospace engineers.
Computational Design of Engineering Materials
Authors: Du Yong , Schmid-Fetzer Rainer , Wang Jincheng , Liu Shuhong , Wang Jianchuan , Jin Zhanpeng
Published: June 2023

Introducing state-of-the art computational methods, this book combines detailed explanations with real-world case studies to give a full grounding in the design of engineering materials. This book presents a wide spectrum of key computational methods, such as CALPHAD-method, first-principles calculations, phase-field simulation and finite element analysis, covering the atomic-meso-macro scale range. The reader will see these methods applied to case studies for steel, light alloys, superalloys, cemented carbides, hard coating and energy materials, demonstrating in detail how real-world materials are designed.
Online ancillary material includes input files for computational design software, providing the reader with hands-on design experience. Step-by-step instructions will allow you to perform and repeat the simulations discussed in the book. Aimed at both graduate and undergraduate students as well as non-specialist researchers in materials science and engineering, including ceramics, metallurgy, and chemistry, this is an ideal introductory and reference book.
The English Binominal Noun Phrase
Authors: ten Wolde Elnora
Published: June 2023

The binomial noun phrase, or of-binomial, is an important phenomenon in the English language. Deﬁned as a noun phrase that contains two related nouns, linked by the preposition of, examples include a hell of a day and a beast of a storm. This pioneering book provides the ﬁrst extensive study of the evaluative binominal noun phrases (EBNP) in English, exploring the syntactic rules that govern them, and the (functional) semantic and pragmatic links between the two nouns. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, corpus data, and two different theoretical approaches (Construction Grammar and Functional Discourse Grammar), it argues that the EBNP now functions as a stage in a grammaticalization path that begins with a prototypical N+PP construction, continues with the head-classiﬁer, and ends with two new of-binominal constructions: the evaluative modiﬁer and binominal intensiﬁer. Comprehensive in its scope, it is essential reading for researchers in syntax, semantics, and English corpus linguistics.
Antibiotic prescribing patterns for bacterial superinfection of mpox: A retrospective cohort study in an urban center
Authors: Simmons William F. , Chan Jeannie D. , Budak Jehan Z. , Dhanireddy Shireesha , Green Margaret L. , Jain Rupali , Neme Santiago , Rietberg Krista , Roxby Alison C. , Lynch John B. , Bryson-Cahn Chloe
Published: June 2023

Bacterial superinfection and antibiotic prescribing in the setting of the current mpox outbreak are not well described in the literature. This retrospective observational study revealed low prevalence (11%) of outpatient antibiotic prescribing for bacterial superinfection of mpox lesions; at least 3 prescriptions (23%) were unnecessary.
Economic burden of antimicrobial resistance and inappropriate empiric treatment in Thailand
Authors: Kongnakorn Thitima , Tichy Eszter , Kengkla Kirati , Kanokwanvimol Nuttawan , Suthipinijtham Pichaya , Phuripakathorn Chanyapat , Al Taie Amer
Published: June 2023

Objective:

To quantify the economic burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in Thailand and estimate potential savings from improving the rate of appropriate empiric treatment, where effective coverage is provided within the first days of infection.

Design:

Cost-of-illness study.

Methods:

A cost-calculator, decision-tree model was developed using published data and records from 3 Thai hospitals for patients hospitalized with antimicrobial-resistant infections between 2015 and 2019. Direct and indirect costs of antimicrobial-resistant infections were assessed over a 5-year time horizon, with outcomes derived separately for cases having received appropriate empiric treatment versus inappropriate empiric treatment. In a real-world scenario, outcomes were estimated using actual rates of inappropriate empiric treatment, and in a hypothetical scenario, outcomes were estimated using decreased rates of inappropriate empiric treatment.

Results:

Over 5 years, in-hospital antimicrobial-resistant infections produced costs of approximately Thai baht (THB) 66.4 billion (USD 2.1 billion) in the real-world scenario and THB 65.8 billion (USD 2.1 billion) in the hypothetical scenario (0.9% cost savings relative to the real-world scenario). Most costs were attributable to income loss due to in-hospital mortality (real world: THB 53.7 billion [USD 1.7 billion]; 80.9% of costs; hypothetical: THB 53.2 billion [USD 1.7 billion]; 80.8% of costs) and hospitalization (real world: THB 10.3 billion [USD 330.8 million]; 15.5% of costs; hypothetical: THB 10.2 billion [USD 328.9 million]; 15.5% of costs).

Conclusions:

In-hospital antimicrobial-resistant infections produced a substantial economic toll in Thailand. This public health burden could be reduced with a strategy aimed at decreasing the rate of patients receiving inappropriate empiric treatment.
Introducing trainees to research using an online, asynchronous course
Authors: Blackard Jason T. , Knapke Jacqueline M. , Schuckman Stephanie , Veevers Jennifer , Hardie William D. , Ryan Patrick H.
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Research is an important aspect of many students’ training. However, formal research training is rarely included in curricula. Thus, we developed an online, asynchronous series of modules to introduce trainees to multiple topics that are relevant to the conduct of research.

Methods:

Research 101 was utilized by first-year medical students and undergraduate students conducting mentored research projects. Students’ knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction were assessed using pre- and post-module surveys with five-point Likert scaled questions, open-ended text responses, and a final quiz.

Results:

Pre-module survey results showed that learners felt most confident with the Conducting a literature search and Race and racism in medicine modules and least confident with the Submitting an Institutional Review Board protocol at UC module. Post-module survey responses were significantly increased compared to pre-module results for all modules and questions (p < 0.0001). The response to “The content of this module met my needs” was endorsed across all modules (84.9% “yes” responses). A final quiz of 25 multiple-choice questions was completed by 92 participants who received a median score of 21. Content analysis of open-ended post-module survey responses identified several strengths and opportunities for improvement in course content and instructional methods.

Conclusions:

These data demonstrate that significant learning resulted from completion of Research 101, as post-module survey scores were significantly higher than pre-module survey scores for all modules and questions. Final quiz scores were positive but also highlighted opportunity for additional trainee learning and will guide evolution of future modules.
Conceptualising the tortuous harms of sexist and racist hate speech
Authors: Tjon Soei Len Lyn K. L. , de Ruijter Anniek
Published: June 2023

Online sexist and racist hate speech has been condemned by many and condoned by most. In this paper we explicate in private legal terms the harms caused by sexist and racist hate speech. By centring the experiences of women of colour through coded testimonies we seek to rethink harm in tort in order to make visible private harms, which have remained largely invisible in European private law discourse. We highlight two aspects of harm that private law structurally fails to make visible: health harms and relational harms in the context of persistent and structural gender and racial injustice. In this paper, we argue that these systemic injustices must inform how we think of tortuous harms that arise from sexist and racist hate speech in bilateral relationships. In this article we centre the knowledge of women of colour targeted by SR hate speech within legal knowledge production and to the ways that the legal community thinks about tort law and its purpose. Conceptualising the tortuous harms of sexist and racist hate speech is crucial for access to private law pathways for redress and damages.
Scholasticism and aesthetic enchantment: notes on a perplexing quest for the Pouvoir Constituant
Authors: Somek Alexander
Published: June 2023

The Article offers a summary of some of the major themes of Emilios Christodoulidis’s The Redress of Law. In addition, it engages critically with social systems theory by calling into question whether it provides us with an adequate perspective on constitutional law. The concluding observations address the deplorable state of the left-wing project at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Where is the l(ove)? Excavating law and labour in The Redress of Law
Authors: Steininger Silvia
Published: June 2023

In his monograph The Redress of Law, Emilios Christodoulidis provides a sophisticated genealogical study of the emergence of total market thinking in Europe. With market constitutionalism having sidelined political constitutionalism, the potential of law to organise the political community is significantly restricted. By examining the commodification of labour, processes of bargaining, unemployment, and strikes, Christodoulidis demonstrates the destructive consequences of law in the service of market rationalities as well as its potential for strategic action to build collective identity in the EU (European Union).

Yet, I argue that this book comes with two significant blind spots, namely a dated understanding of both law and labour. First of all, Christodoulidis’s systems theoretical understanding of law is neglecting the material conditions that law continuously re-produces in the course of globalization. Secondly, his vision of labour remains rather traditional, focused on unionised, white, and male workers. Both elements are central pillars of his analysis but do not reflect the current reality of the 21st century. In this Article, I challenge his conceptualization by situating his work in recent research on the role of law and labour regulation in global capitalism.
Failures of comparability in global governance: Exploring the practical dimension of the redress of law
Authors: Nicola Fernanda G.
Published: June 2023

In The Redress of Law, Emilios Christodoulidis explores the philosophical foundations of market constitutionalism and shows how its embedded rationality shapes global governance. The author delves into critical phenomenology to lift the veil of ignorance on the fact that market constitutionalism has replaced political rationality with economic reasoning. By grounding its theory in the continental critical theory, ranging from Marxism to Weil’s existentialism and Luhmann’s systems theory, the book shows how the redress of law is also a practice that could radically transform the global political economy. However, the challenge is to displace the modern thinking of market constitutionalism that is rooted in functional differentiation and privileges constituted rather than constituent power. Such market thinking has allowed global governance experts to simplify and reduce to numbers complex polical, cultural and social phenomena embedded in constitutional legal regimes. The disembedding of law from society through functional differentiation, and the sole preoccupation of legal experts with constituted power, have contributed to the depoliticisation of constitutionalism as both theory and practice. A quintessential example of market constitutionalism in practice are global governance indicators. These indexes entail comparisons among legal regimes that empower private market rules as the final arbiter of local redistributive policies while bracketing historical, genealogical and reflexive connections to law’s social realities. The book offers several strategies of ‘redress of law’ such as rupture, contradiction and open dialectic, aiming to foreground political rather than market constitutionalism and to revamp the dialectic between constituted power exemplified by constitutional texts and constituent power, exemplified by strikes. This Article praises Christodoulidis’s sophisticated theoretical framework grounded in critical phenomenology, but at the same time pushes the author’s argument beyond the book itself. By questioning the practical implications of the redress of law, the focus on legal assumptions in global governance shows how legal experts in a variety of legal fields beyond constitutionalism have reproduced existing inequalities defined in terms of market, social and colonial hierarchies.
Introduction: Redressing EU law, Redress through EU law?
Authors: Menéndez Agustín José
Published: June 2023

This short introduction to the symposium on Christodoulidis’s The Redress of Law highlights the reasons why the book will be relevant to readers interested in EU law. First, EU law is the main body of positive law by reference to which the author develops his argument. In the process, he offers a critical assessment of the state of EU law, which has played a key role as the main vehicle of the neoliberalisation of the legal systems of the Member States of the EU. Second, some of the key concepts elaborated and sharpened by the author can be used to build up a critical theory of EU law. This is illustrated by considering how a critical theory of the history of EU law could be written, and by showing that Christodoulidis offers us the elements with which to reconstruct how EU got transformed from the 1970s through the reverse engineering of some of the key institutions and substantive norms of democratic political constitutionalism.
Antifungal stewardship in practice: Insights from a prospective audit and feedback program
Authors: Bio Laura L. , Weng Yingjie , Schwenk Hayden T.
Published: June 2023

Objective:

To identify characteristics of antifungal prospective audit and feedback (PAF) and to compare rates of PAF recommendation and acceptance between antifungal and antibiotic agents.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study of antifungal and antibiotic audits by a children’s hospital antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) from November 1, 2020, to October 31, 2022.

Methods:

Antimicrobial audit data were retrieved from the ASP data warehouse. We characterized antifungal PAF using descriptive statistics. We then compared the overall rates of PAF recommendation and recommendation acceptance between antifungals and antibiotics. We also compared the differences in antifungal and antibiotic PAF recommendation and acceptance rates across various factors, including infectious problem, medical service, and recommendation type.

Results:

Of 10,402 antimicrobial audits identified during the study period, 8,599 (83%) were for antibiotics and 1,803 (17%) were for antifungals. The highest antifungal recommendation rates were for liposomal amphotericin B, antifungals used for sepsis or respiratory tract infection, and antifungals prescribed in the cardiovascular intensive care unit. The rate of PAF recommendation was higher for antibiotics than for antifungals (29% vs 21%; P < .001); however, the rates of recommendation acceptance were similar. Recommendations to discontinue or for medication monitoring were more common for antifungals.

Conclusions:

Our analysis of antifungal PAF identified key opportunities to improve antifungal use, including the optimized use of specific agents and targeted use by certain medical services. Moreover, antifungal PAF, despite identifying fewer recommendations compared to antibiotic PAF, were associated with similarly high rates of acceptance, highlighting a promising opportunity for antifungal stewardship.
Early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic effects on individual-level risk for healthcare-associated infections in hospitalized patients
Authors: Farthing Trevor S. , Jolley Ashlan , Nickel Katelin B. , Hill Cherie , Stwalley Dustin , Reske Kimberly A. , Kwon Jennie H. , Olsen Margaret A. , Burnham Jason P. , Dubberke Erik R. , Lanzas Cristina
Published: June 2023

Objective:

We compared the individual-level risk of hospital-onset infections with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in hospitalized patients prior to and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We also quantified the effects of COVID-19 diagnoses and intrahospital COVID-19 burden on subsequent MDRO infection risk.

Design:

Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study.

Setting:

Patient admission and clinical data were collected from 4 hospitals in the St. Louis area.

Patients:

Data were collected for patients admitted between January 2017 and August 2020, discharged no later than September 2020, and hospitalized ≥48 hours.

Methods:

Mixed-effects logistic regression models were fit to the data to estimate patients’ individual-level risk of infection with MDRO pathogens of interest during hospitalization. Adjusted odds ratios were derived from regression models to quantify the effects of the COVID-19 period, COVID-19 diagnosis, and hospital-level COVID-19 burden on individual-level hospital-onset MDRO infection probabilities.

Results:

We calculated adjusted odds ratios for COVID-19–era hospital-onset Acinetobacter spp., P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae spp infections. Probabilities increased 2.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–5.73) times, 1.44 (95% CI, 1.03–2.02) times, and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.00–1.58) times relative to the prepandemic period, respectively. COVID-19 patients were 4.18 (95% CI, 1.98–8.81) times more likely to acquire hospital-onset MDRO S. aureus infections.

Conclusions:

Our results support the growing body of evidence indicating that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased hospital-onset MDRO infections.
ON QUADRATIC FIELDS GENERATED BY POLYNOMIALS
Authors: SHPARLINSKI IGOR E.
Published: June 2023

Let
$f(X) \in {\mathbb Z}[X]$
be a polynomial of degree
$d \ge 2$
without multiple roots and let
${\mathcal F}(N)$
be the set of Farey fractions of order N. We use bounds for some new character sums and the square-sieve to obtain upper bounds, pointwise and on average, on the number of fields
${\mathbb Q}(\sqrt {f(r)})$
for
$r\in {\mathcal F}(N)$
, with a given discriminant.
Politics of Disaster: Earthquake, Rehousing, and Confronting Colonial Rule in Accra (Gold Coast/Ghana), 1939–45
Authors: Bin-Kasim Waseem-Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Despite its destructiveness, disaster clears the way to accomplish a set of goals. That was why the Gold Coast governor and officials welcomed the 1939 earthquake as an opportunity to rebuild Accra. However, mishandling their reconstruction plan proved disadvantageous. The aftermath of the disaster, including an unprecedented rehousing project, exacerbated urban discontent. How everyday urban residents responded to rehousing further exposed the weakness of the colonial state and gave momentum to nationalism. The paper introduces natural disasters and relief programs into the scholarly narratives that have demonstrated that anticolonial nationalism emerged from a chain of grievances from amongst colonial subjects, some of which were unfulfilled social and economic expectations. The experiences of rehousing following the earthquake powerfully informed local perspectives and contributed to the chain of events leading to formal decolonization.
The prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococcus associated with bovine mastitis in China and its antimicrobial resistance rate: a meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Jianming , Liu Kai , Wang Kuan , Yang Bowen , Xu Hui , Wang Juyu , Dai Feiyan , Xiao Xiao , Gu Xiaolong , Zhang Limei , Qu Weijie
Published: June 2023

To contribute to the treatment decision and optimize coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) control programs, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance rates of coagulase-negative staphylococcus associated with bovine mastitis in China. Three databases (PubMed, Google scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database) were utilized to obtain relevant publications. A total of 18 publications were included in our research, and 3 of them included antimicrobial resistant (AMR) test. The pooled prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococcus was 17.28%. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence was higher in South China than in North China, was higher in 2011–2020 than in 2000–2010 and was higher in clinical bovine mastitis cases than in subclinical cases. The pooled AMR were most resistant to β-lactams, followed by tetracyclines, quinolones, nitrofurans, lincosamides, sulfonamides, amphenicol and aminoglycosides. The pooled AMR rate of coagulase-negative staphylococcus was lower in 2011–2020 than in 2000–2010. Although the prevalence of CNS showed an increasing trend over 20 years, the AMR rate showed a decreasing trend, and the clinical type of mastitis was the most frequent and the prevalence was highest in South China. Finally, CNS was most resistant to β-lactams amongst the eight groups of antimicrobial agents.
Applied linguistics and language education research in Turkey: 2016–2022
Authors: Ortactepe Hart Deniz , Aydınlı Julie
Published: June 2023

This systematic review of 170+ journal articles showcases the current trends and developments in Turkey-based applied linguistics and language education research between 2016–2022. The current review presents similarities to the previous reviews (Alptekin & Tatar, 2011; Aydınlı & Ortaçtepe, 2018) in terms of trends and practices that indicate a vibrant research scene and a community of practice in Turkey within language education and applied linguistics research. While certain research areas such as instructional technologies remain widely popular among Turkey-based scholars, there has been growing interest in multiculturalism, social justice language education, critical pedagogy, and culturally responsive teaching. It was also clear in our analysis that the demands by the Higher Education Council for academic promotion exacerbated some of the already-existing challenges also noted in the previous reviews. Some of the concerns include pre- and post-test study designs that focus on practical concerns and outcomes rather than on processes that would lead to conceptual or theoretical development; and lack of engagement with broader (inter)disciplinary debates. We hope that this review will help establish conversations among fellow scholars in terms of future directions that applied linguistics and language education research in Turkey can take in order to contribute to the larger discussions in the field.
Resolving problems in symbol identification in compilation of electronic navigational charts utilising paper charts
Authors: Fernando P.B.A. , Lewis S.N. , Perera A.N.D. , Gunathilaka M.D.E.K.
Published: June 2023

Electronic navigational charts (ENCs) can be compiled using existing paper charts to improve their coverage of the world's oceans. However, in the process of assigning symbols on ENCs, in some cases the software uses the same symbol for different paper chart symbols. This could ultimately compromise maritime safety. Addressing this issue, this paper describes a methodology for developing a new tool that complements the efficient production of ENCs using paper charts. First, the ENC product was produced utilising CARIS S-57 Composer. After considering the difficulties in assigning symbols through the compilation process, a new web application named SYMO EXPERT was introduced. It was developed using Firebase Realtime Database and React app. A questionnaire was prepared to collect data about the time factor and accuracy of using SYMO EXPERT. Results showed that it supports the users in selecting relevant symbols efficiently with an accuracy of up to 98%.
Vitamin E and cardiovascular diseases: an interest to public health?
Authors: Costa Lemos da Silva Ana Gabriella , da Silva Ribeiro Karla Danielly , Alves de Araújo Graciele Eloise , da Silva Oliveira Letícia , de Oliveira Lyra Clélia
Published: June 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. From this perspective, the role of vitamin E and its metabolites in preventing CVD has been studied, being supported by the findings that low vitamin E concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Despite this, no studies have analysed the co-existence of vitamin E deficiency (VED) and CVD on the basis of population studies. Facing that, this study summarises information on the relationship between vitamin E status and CVD, providing a basis for understanding the determining and protective factors for its development. VED may be a public health problem since it has been observed to vary from 0·6% to 55·5% worldwide, with higher percentages in Asia and Europe, where CVD mortality rates stand out. Intervention studies with α-tocopherol supplementation do not confirm cardioprotective action of vitamin E, which may reflect that α-tocopherol alone does not provide cardiovascular protection to individuals, but the consumption of all isomers found in food. Considering that low concentrations of α-tocopherol can lead to a higher susceptibility to diseases involving oxidative stress in the population, in addition to the high and growing prevalence of CVD and VED, it is essential to investigate or reinterpret the mechanisms of action of vitamin E and its metabolites in the cardiovascular process to better understand the co-existence of CVD and VED. It is also important to implement public health policies and programmes aimed at promoting the consumption of natural food sources of vitamin E and healthy fats.
Korean named entity recognition based on language-specific features
Authors: Chen Yige , Lim KyungTae , Park Jungyeul
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we propose a novel way of improving named entity recognition (NER) in the Korean language using its language-specific features. While the field of NER has been studied extensively in recent years, the mechanism of efficiently recognizing named entities (NEs) in Korean has hardly been explored. This is because the Korean language has distinct linguistic properties that present challenges for modeling. Therefore, an annotation scheme for Korean corpora by adopting the CoNLL-U format, which decomposes Korean words into morphemes and reduces the ambiguity of NEs in the original segmentation that may contain functional morphemes such as postpositions and particles, is proposed herein. We investigate how the NE tags are best represented in this morpheme-based scheme and implement an algorithm to convert word-based and syllable-based Korean corpora with NEs into the proposed morpheme-based format. Analyses of the results of traditional and neural models reveal that the proposed morpheme-based format is feasible, and the varied performances of the models under the influence of various additional language-specific features are demonstrated. Extrinsic conditions were also considered to observe the variance of the performances of the proposed models, given different types of data, including the original segmentation and different types of tagging formats.
Do Optically Denser Trade‐Wind Cumuli Live Longer?
Authors: Seelig Torsten , Müller Felix , Tesche Matthias
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the lifetime and temporal evolution of physical properties of trade‐wind cumuli based on tracking individual clouds in observations with the Advanced Baseline Imager aboard the geostationary GOES‐16 satellite during the “ElUcidating the RolE of Cloud–Circulation Coupling in ClimAte” (EUREC4A) campaign east of Barbados in winter 2020. A first application of our upgraded cloud‐tracking toolbox to measurements with high spatio‐temporal resolution (2 × 2 km2 and 1 min) provides probability density functions of lifetime and area of clouds that develop as a consequence of meso‐to‐synoptic scale motions. By separately considering clouds that exist during daytime and live in distinct lifetime intervals, we find that shallow marine cumuli live longer when they cover a larger surface area and show higher cloud optical thickness (COT). Besides the effect of COT, the scale of the atmospheric motions with which the clouds interact is also critical to their lifetime.
Lagrangian Characterization of Surface Transport From the Equatorial Atlantic to the Caribbean Sea Using Climatological Lagrangian Coherent Structures and Self‐Organizing Maps
Authors: Allende‐Arandía Ma. Eugenia , Duran Rodrigo , Sanvicente‐Añorve Laura , Appendini Christian M.
Published: June 2023

This study presents an assessment of the transport of suspended material by surface ocean currents, which have a critical role in determining the connectivity and distribution of living and non‐living material. Lagrangian experiments reveal pathways from the Equatorial Atlantic to 10 strategic regions within the Caribbean Sea, determined by considering the space‐time variability of climatological Lagrangian Coherent Structures, which act as recurrent attracting pathways and transport barriers. Due to windage or Stokes drift, wind forcing is a significant factor in determining the spatial locations where particles cluster and the time needed to reach the Caribbean from the Equatorial Atlantic. Pathways shift westward within the Caribbean and take less time to arrive with increasing wind influence. Depending on the wind effect, the particles show higher confluence in different areas of the Caribbean. A case study is presented for the Mexican Caribbean nearshore area, isolated from ocean‐current trajectories. Here, wind weakens the transport barrier responsible for this isolation and causes particle confluence toward that region. Spatial patterns of the Eulerian velocity identified through Self‐Organizing Maps, with time dependence given by their best matching units, can reproduce the characteristic Lagrangian patterns of surface current climate variability. Our study demonstrates the application of tools from dynamical systems and unsupervised neural networks to understand Lagrangian patterns and identify the processes that drive them. These findings improve our understanding of transport mechanisms of suspended material by surface ocean currents in the Western Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea, which is essential for managing and conserving marine ecosystems.
COVID‐19 Impact on the Oil and Gas Industry NO2 Emissions: A Case Study of the Permian Basin
Authors: Serrano‐Calvo Raquel , Veefkind J. Pepijn , Dix Barbara , de Gouw Joost , Levelt Pieternel F.
Published: June 2023

COVID‐19 caused a historic collapse in fossil fuel demand, a general decline in economic activity, and hydrocarbon price volatility. This resulted in an unprecedented scenario to evaluate the contribution of the O&G (Oil and Gas) industry NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) emissions in the Permian basin (United States), currently the second largest hydrocarbon‐bearing area on Earth. TROPOMI (Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument), on board the Sentinel‐5P satellite, has captured the impact of the oil and gas industry emissions during the COVID‐19 lockdown. A generalized drop (∼30%) of NO2 emissions derived using the divergence method in comparison with 2019 was observed following the decline in production and drilling (13% and 68% respectively) during the lockdown. NO2 tropospheric columns were less impacted with a smaller decrease (∼4%) across the basins. This study demonstrates that the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on NO2 emissions was not only present in urban areas but also in vast O&G production regions, which shows the potential of TROPOMI to assess future pollution mitigation strategies for this industry.