bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Towards the Development of a Selective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Olefins.
Authors: Fleischer Ivana , Wu Lipeng , Profir Irina , Jackstell Ralf , Franke Robert , Beller Matthias
Published: December 2013

The title reaction gives preferentially the linear aldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Valent Tin(IV) Porphyrins: Efficient and Selective Catalysts for Cyclopropanation of Styrene Derivatives with EDA under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Gharaati Shadab , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Barati Behjat , Sadegh Faranak
Published: December 2013

A rapid, efficient, and selective method for the synthesis of pure trans‐isomers of the cyclopropane derivatives (III) under mild conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopentadienes by Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 1,3‐Dien‐5‐ynes.
Authors: Sanjuan Ana M. , Garcia‐Garcia Patricia , Fernandez‐Rodriguez Manuel A. , Sanz Roberto
Published: December 2013

Gold‐catalyzed cyclization of 1,3‐dien‐5‐ynes in the presence of alcohols produces highly substituted cyclopentadienes in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Hydrothiolation of Alkynes by Sulfonyl Hydrazines Using Organic Ionic Base—Broensted Acid.
Authors: Singh Rahul , Raghuvanshi Dushyant Singh , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: December 2013

Notable advantages of the novel title method are the use of sulfonyl hydrazides as thiol equivalents, excellent regioselectivity, short reaction times, and the use of a recyclable ionic liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Supported on Cross‐Linked Imidazolium Network on Silica as Highly Sustainable Catalysts for the Suzuki Reaction under Flow Conditions.
Authors: Pavia Cinzia , Ballerini Eleonora , Bivona Lucia Anna , Giacalone Francesco , Aprile Carmela , Vaccaro Luigi , Gruttadauria Michelangelo
Published: December 2013

3‐Mercaptopropyl‐modified silica‐supported bis‐imidazolium Pd‐catalysts are developed and successfully utilized for Suzuki reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Well‐Defined Diphenylvinyl(cyclopropyl)phosphine‐palladium Complexes for the Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction and Buchwald—Hartwig Amination.
Authors: Yokoyama Naota , Nakayama Yuji , Nara Hideki , Sayo Noboru
Published: December 2013

The successful synthesis of novel and well‐defined Pd‐complexes (PBR and PBD) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Heterogeneously Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction over SiliaCat Pd(0).
Authors: Pandarus Valerica , Desplantier‐Giscard Delphine , Gingras Genevieve , Ciriminna Rosaria , Cara Piera Demma , Beland Francois , Pagliaro Mario
Published: December 2013

The Suzuki—Miyaura reaction can be efficiently carried out with different halides in the presence of a recyclable sol‐gel entrapped palladium on silica catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimizing the Structure of 4‐Dialkylamino‐α,α‐diarylprolinol Ethers as Catalysts for the Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes in Water.
Authors: Martinez Jose I. , Reyes Efraim , Uria Uxue , Carrillo Luisa , Vicario Jose L.
Published: December 2013

Mechanistic aspects of the reaction are studied using DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Ready Access to Functionally Embellished cis‐Hydrindanes and cis‐Decalins: Protecting Group‐Free Total Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐Nootkatone and (.+‐.)‐Noreremophilane.
Authors: Handore Kishor L. , Seetharamsingh B. , Reddy D. Srinivasa
Published: December 2013

This simple and efficient title reaction allows the synthesis of the compounds (III) and (VI) in a highly diastereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Spiro‐Isoxazolidines.
Authors: Shah Sakshi , Singh Baldev
Published: December 2013

The solvent‐ and catalyst‐free synthesis of spiro‐isoxazolidines (III) and (V) with one endo‐diastereoisomer is achieved by using the stable N‐oxides (I) and (IV) and electron‐rich and electron‐deficient N‐phenylmaleimides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Manganese and Iron Complexes with Tetradentate N Ligands for the Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins.
Authors: Wang Xiaoe , Miao Chengxia , Wang Shoufeng , Xia Chungu , Su Wei
Published: December 2013

Comparable results are obtained using a manganese and iron catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct and Diastereoselective Alkylation and Aldol Reactions of α‐Bromo‐α‐fluoro‐β‐lactams.
Authors: Tarui Atsushi , Kawashima Naoto , Kawakita Tetsuya , Sato Kazuyuki , Omote Masaaki , Ando Akira
Published: December 2013

A mild, efficient, and widely applicable method to prepare biologically important alkylated α‐fluoro‐β‐lactams is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective C4—F Bond Cleavage of Pentafluorobenzene: Synthesis of N‐Tetrafluoroarylated Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Liu Cuibo , Wang Huan , Xing Xing , Xu You , Ma Jun‐An , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2013

Aromatic nucleophilic substitution of pentafluorobenzenes with a variety of N‐heterocycles offers a convenient synthesis of N‐tetrafluoroarylated derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 1‐(Indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐alkyn‐1‐ols: Facile Synthesis of Diversified Carbazoles.
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Tang Xiangying , Xu Qin , Shi Min
Published: December 2013

The carbazoles are obtained either through 1,2‐alkyl migration of the metal carbene intermediates or a Wagner‐Meerwein‐type 1,2‐alkyl shift or through ring‐opening of the cyclopropyl group by nucleophilic attack of water or an alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangement of Spirotricyclic Olefins: A Facile One‐Pot Strategy for the Synthesis of a Novel Motif with Cyclopentene Fused to Benzofuran and Pyrazolidine.
Authors: Prakash Praveen , Jijy Eliyan , Preethanuj Preethalayam , Pihko Petri M. , Chand Sarngadharan Sarath , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil V.
Published: December 2013

The first utilization of acyclic cyclopropane bearing spirocyclic olefines for the generation of stereospecific complex fused ring systems with an achiral catalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulphamic Acid‐Functionalized Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Recyclable Catalyst for Synthesis of Imidazoles under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Safari Javad , Zarnegar Zohre
Published: December 2013

A three‐component, one‐pot synthesis of 2,4,5‐trisubstituted imidazoles by condensation of 1,2‐diketones, aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Pyrazoline Amidoxime and Their 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Analogues: Synthesis and Pharmacological Screening.
Authors: Ningaiah Srikantamurthy , Bhadraiah Umesha K. , Keshavamurthy Shubakara , Javarasetty Chethan
Published: December 2013

A series of pyrazoline amidoxime and pyrazolyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives are synthesized and screened for their in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed 6‐endo‐trig Oxa‐Michael Addition Reactions for Diastereoselective Synthesis of Fused Tetrahydropyranones.
Authors: Ciesielski Jennifer , Leboeuf David , Stern Harry A. , Frontier Alison J.
Published: December 2013

The AuCl3‐catalyzed 6‐endo‐trig oxa‐Michael addition of cyclic β‐iodoallenoates is developed to give a diverse range of polycyclic tetrahydropyranones.
ChemInform Abstract: CuO—CeO2 Nanocomposite: A Highly Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for the Multicomponent Synthesis of 4H‐Benzo[b]pyran Derivatives.
Authors: Albadi Jalal , Mansournezhad Azam , Derakhshandeh Zahra
Published: December 2013

An efficient preparation of pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles, erroneously named benzo[b]pyrans, is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Quinoline‐Based Acylhydrazone for Highly Selective Fluorescence Recognition of Cu(II) and Sulfide in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Tang Lijun , Zhou Pei , Qi Zhikai , Huang Zhenlong , Zhao Jia , Cai Mingjun
Published: December 2013

The title fluorescent compound (III) shows high selectivity to Cu2+ (“ON‐OFF” behavior) and the generated (III)‐Cu2+ complex exhibits excellent selectivity to sulfide ions (“OFF‐ON” behavior).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Novel 4‐Aminoquinoline‐tetrazole Derivatives as Potent Antimalarial Agents.
Authors: Chauhan Prem M. S. , et al. et al.
Published: December 2013

The title compounds are screened for their antimalarial activities against both chloroquine‐sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine‐resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum and for their cytotoxicity against VERO cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Aryl Hydrazones with Internal Alkynes: Efficient Synthesis of Multisubstituted Isoquinolines.
Authors: Liu Wenting , Hong Xiaohu , Xu Bin
Published: December 2013

The title reaction proceeds through a tandem C—C/C—N bond forming process and a N—N bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of Antibacterial Dihydropyridin and Dihydropyran Embelin Derivatives.
Authors: Pena Rosalyn , Jimenez‐Alonso Sandra , Feresin Gabriela , Tapia Alejandro , Mendez‐Alvarez Sebastian , Machin Felix , Ravelo Angel G. , Estevez‐Braun Ana
Published: December 2013

Coupling of embelin with aldehydes and the primary enaminones (III) provides a new, straightforward one‐pot approach to dihydropyridine derivatives of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Preliminary Cytotoxicity Evaluation of New Diarylamides and Diarylureas Possessing 2,3‐Dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]quinoline Scaffold.
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jin , El‐Gamal Mohammed I. , Lee Yong Sup , Oh Chang‐Hyun
Published: December 2013

A series of the title compounds is synthesized and tested for the activity against several human cancer lines.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Fused Imidazo‐Heterocycles in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Bangade Vikas M. , Reddy B. Chennakesava , Thakur Pramod B. , Babu B. Madhu , Meshram H. M.
Published: December 2013

DABCO is demonstrated to be an efficient catalyst for the condensation of 2‐aminopyridines with phenacyl bromides to give imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Addition of Amines to 5‐Trifluoromethyl‐2,4‐dichloropyrimidine Induced by Lewis Acids.
Authors: Richter Daniel T. , Kath John C. , Luzzio Michael J. , Keene Nandell , Berliner Martin A. , Wessel Matthew D.
Published: December 2013

Usually the reaction of 2,4‐dichloro‐5‐trifluoromethylpyrimidine with amines results in the formation of a 1:1 mixture of two isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6,7‐Dichloropyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole‐8,9‐dione and Its Analogues and Their Reactions with Nucleophiles.
Authors: Batenko Nelli , Belyakov Sergey , Kiselovs Glebs , Valters Raimonds
Published: December 2013

It is demonstrated that chloranil reacts with 2‐aminoazines or analogous diazines to give o‐quinone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Sc(OTf)3 Promoted Multicomponent Synthesis of Fluorescent Imidazo[1,2‐c]pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine.
Authors: Agrebi Asma , Allouche Fatma , Chabchoub Fakher , El‐Kaim Laurent , Alves Sergio , Baleizao Carlos , Farinha Jose Paulo
Published: December 2013

Two simple protocols using Sc(OTf)3 as the catalyst are presented for the synthesis of the title‐compounds via three component condensation of pyrazolopyrimidines, aldehydes, and isocyanides.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Quinoxaline 1,4‐Di‐N‐oxide Derivatives as New Potential Antichagasic Agents.
Authors: Perez‐Silanes Silvia , et al. et al.
Published: December 2013

The title products are obtained in very low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Four Mechanisms in the Reactions of 3‐Aminopyrrole with 1,3,5‐Triazines: Inverse Electron Demand Diels—Alder Cycloadditions vs SNAr Reactions via Uncatalyzed and Acid‐Catalyzed Pathways.
Authors: De Rosa Michael , Arnold David , Hartline Douglas
Published: December 2013

Reaction conditions and substituents on the 1,3,5‐triazine substrate influence the product outcome of the title reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Cyclic Aldimines: Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfamidates.
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Ming‐Hua
Published: December 2013

The asymmetric arylation of cyclic N‐sulfonyl aldimines (I) with aryl boronic acids (II) in the presence of a rhodium/N‐alkenylsulfinamide catalyst system provides 4‐aryl‐1,2,3‐benzoxathiazines (III) in excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Silylation of Pyranosides Using a Boronic Acid/Lewis Base Co‐catalyst System.
Authors: Lee Doris , Taylor Mark S.
Published: December 2013

The combination of a boronic acid and a Lewis base, both employed in substoichiometric amounts, allows for the regioselective silylation of cis‐diol groups in alkylpyranoside substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytochemical Studies of Korean Endangered Plants: A New Flavone from Rhododendron brachycarpum G. Don.
Authors: Zhou Wei , Oh Joonseok , Li Wei , Kim Dong Woo , Lee Seung Ho , Na MinKyun
Published: December 2013

The new flavonoid (I) and seven known compounds are isolated and characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrafluorobromates for Urban Mining of Noble Metals: A Case Study on Iridium Metal.
Authors: Ivlev Sergey , Woidy Patrick , Kraus Florian , Gerin Ivan , Ostvald Roman
Published: December 2013

The products of the solid state reaction of Ir metal with MBrF4 (M: K, Rb, Cs) and Ba(BrF4)2 in nickel ampoules at 400 °C for 150 min are characterized by powder XRD and simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese, Technetium and Rhenium
Authors: West Andrew J.
Published: December 2013

Review: progress in the chemistry of the title metals reported in 2012; 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Primary Amine‐Thioureas in Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Serdyuk Olga V. , Heckel Christina M. , Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Published: December 2013

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hidden Symmetry Enables a 15‐Step Total Synthesis of Pactamycin
Authors: Kisunzu Jessica K. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: December 2013

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Vision for Vaccines Built from Fully Synthetic Tumor‐Associated Antigens: From the Laboratory to the Clinic
Authors: Wilson Rebecca M. , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: December 2013

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Computational Predictions of NMR Parameters for the Structure Elucidation of Carbohydrates: Methods and Limitations
Authors: Toukach Filip V. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: December 2013

Review: 379 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Nuclear Analytical and Related Techniques for the Growing Challenges in Nanotoxicology
Authors: Chen Chunying , Li Yu‐Feng , Qu Ying , Chai Zhifang , Zhao Yuliang
Published: December 2013

Review: 207 refs.
Efficient method for the synthesis of fatty acid amide from soybean oil methyl ester catalysed by modified CaO
Authors: Zhang Jie , Cai Dan , Wang Shanshan , Tang Ying , Zhang Zhao , Liu Ya , Gao Xiaoqing
Published: December 2013

A new method for the heterogeneous synthesis of ethanolamide from soybean oil methyl ester and monoethanolamine/diethanolamine has been established by using CaO and modified CaO as the solid basic catalyst. As the results show, the commercial CaO catalyst gives a high yield (80.2%) of monoethanolamide with high purity at a ratio of methyl ester to amine of 1: 2 after 3 h under the reaction temperature of 130°C over modified CaO. The yield was greatly enhanced to 96.3% after commercial CaO was modified by benzyl bromide in a simple way. Moreover, this catalyst shows a promising future in providing an environmentally clean process for the industrial applications. The effects of modification and reaction conditions on yields as well as the possible reaction mechanism were discussed. Further investigation indicated that the structure of ethanolamine has a great effect on the yield of monoethanolamide.
The emerging technique of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of peripheral lung lesions: Promising results in 50 lesions
Authors: Loo Florence L. , Halligan Allison M. , Port Jeffrey L. , Hoda Rana S.
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND

Literature on the diagnostic yield of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) with ENB‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (ENB‐FNA) in peripheral lung lesions (PLLs) that measure ≤ 2 cm is scarce. Data on the diagnostic yield of ENB‐FNA for PLLs when performed in conjunction with positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT), rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE), ENB‐guided bronchial brushing (ENB‐BB), and ENB‐guided transbronchial biopsy (ENB‐TBx) is also limited. In this study, the authors evaluated their experience with ENB‐FNA performed in conjunction with all 4 modalities: PET‐CT, ROSE, ENB‐BB, and ENB‐TBx.

METHODS

ENB‐FNA and other tests over a 2‐year‐period (from July 2011 to July 2013) were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS

There were 50 PLLs from 40 patients, and the mean lesion size (available for 45 PLLs) was 2.6 cm: these included 24 PLLs that measured ≤ 2 cm and 21 PLLs that measured > 2.0 cm. The ENB‐FNA diagnosis was malignant in 17 lesions, atypical in 1 lesion, benign in 31 lesions, and nondiagnostic in 1 lesion. On the basis of lesion size, the diagnostic yield of PLLs was 87% in lesions ≤ 2 cm and 100% in lesions > 2.0 cm (P = 0.5; not significant). Follow‐up available in 49 of 50 PLLs from 39 patients had an overall diagnostic yield of 94% for ENB‐FNA. The diagnostic yield of PET‐CT (available in 31 of 50 PLLs) and of ENB‐BB and ENB‐TBx (available in 40 of 50 PLLs) in conjunction with ENB‐FNA was 61% and 95%, respectively. ROSE was performed in 46 of 50 PLLs: the overall sensitivity of ROSE and ENB‐FNA was 85% and 89.4%, respectively, and their specificity was 96.5% and 100%, respectively. There were no procedure‐related complications.

CONCLUSIONS

The high overall diagnostic yield of 94% and fewer complications make ENB‐FNA a useful modality for the assessment of PLLs. In this study, ROSE was useful, whereas PET‐CT, ENB‐BB, and ENB‐TBx were not useful in the evaluation of PLLs. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:191–199. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
An efficient framework for parallel and continuous frequent item monitoring
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sun Yue , Zhang Jianzhong , Xu Jingdong , Wu Ying
Published: December 2013

In high‐speed network monitoring, the ever‐growing traffic calls for a high‐performance solution for the computation of frequent items. The increasing number of cores in the current commodity multi‐core processors opens up new opportunities in parallelization. In this paper, we present a novel precision integrated framework (PRIF) that exploits the great parallel capability of multi‐cores to speed up the famous frequent algorithm. PRIF equally distributes the input data stream into sub‐threads that use the optimized weighted frequent algorithm to track local frequent items. The items with frequency increments exceeding a pre‐defined threshold are sent to a merging thread which is able to return the global continuous ε‐deficient frequent items. The theoretical correctness and complexity analyses are presented. Experiments with real and synthetic traces confirm the theoretical analyses and demonstrate the excellent performance as well as the effects of parameters and data skewness. The results show that PRIF is able to provide continuous frequent items and near‐linear speedup at the cost of greater memory use. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical Copper‐Decorated Nickel Nanocatalysts Supported on La2O3 for Low‐Temperature Steam Reforming of Ethanol
Authors: Liu Jyong‐Yue , Su Wei‐Nien , Rick John , Yang Sheng‐Chiang , Cheng Ju‐Hsiang , Pan Chun‐Jern , Lee Jyh‐Fu , Hwang Bing‐Joe
Published: December 2013

Copper/nickel nanocatalysts with a unique morphology were prepared by thermal reduction of a perovskite LaNixCu1−xO3 precursor (x=1, 0.9, and 0.7). During thermal reduction, copper was first reduced and reacted with lanthanum to form metastable Cu5La and Cu13La. When the thermal reduction temperature was increased, the perovskite decomposed to Ni and La2O3, CuLa alloys disappeared, and Cu deposits on Ni nanoparticles were generated, thereby forming Cu/Ni nanocatalysts with hierarchical structures. Nanosized nickel, decorated with copper and supported on La2O3, could be produced at 520–550 °C. The steam reforming of ethanol was used as a model reaction to demonstrate the catalytic capability of the materials formed. The hierarchical structure of the Cu/Ni/La2O3 catalysts confers synergetic effects that greatly favor the dehydrogenation of ethanol and which break the CC bond to produce a higher yield of hydrogen at a low reaction temperature, whereas La2O3 provides the required stability during the reaction. The reaction at 290 °C achieved almost 100 % conversion with a hydrogen yield reaching 2.21 molH2 mol−1EtOH thus indicating that this special structural feature can achieve high activity for the SRE at low temperatures. The proposed synthesis of nanocatalysts appears to be a good way to generate oxide‐supported hierarchically structured nanoparticles that can also be applied to other reactions catalyzed by a heterogeneous metal oxide system.
Compressive image acquisition in modern CMOS IC design
Authors: Katic Nikola , Kamal Mahdad Hosseini , Schmid Alexandre , Vandergheynst Pierre , Leblebici Yusuf
Published: December 2013

Compressive sampling (CS) offers bandwidth, power, and memory size reduction compared to conventional (Nyquist) sampling. These are very attractive features for the design of modern complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, cameras, and camera systems. However, very few integrated circuit (IC) designs based on CS exist because of the missing link between the well‐established CS theory on one side, and the practical aspects/effects related to physical IC design on the other side. This paper focuses on the application of compressed image acquisition in CMOS image sensor integrated circuit design. A new CS scheme is proposed, which is suited for hardware implementation in CMOS IC design. All the main physical non‐idealities are explained and carefully modeled. Their influences on the acquired image quality are analyzed in the general case and quantified for the case of the proposed CS scheme. The presented methodology can also be used for different CS schemes and as a general guideline in future CS based CMOS image sensor designs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shared patterns of species turnover between seaweeds and seed plants break down at increasing distances from the sea
Authors: Gurgel Carlos F. D. , Wernberg Thomas , Thomsen Mads S. , Russell Bayden D. , Adam Paul , Waters Jonathan M. , Connell Sean D.
Published: December 2013

We tested for correlations in the degree of spatial similarity between algal and terrestrial plants communities along 5500 km of temperate Australian coastline and whether the strength of correlation weakens with increasing distance from the coast. We identified strong correlations between macroalgal and terrestrial plant communities within the first 100 km from shore, where the strength of these marine–terrestrial correlations indeed weakens with increasing distance inland. As such, our results suggest that marine‐driven community homogenization processes decompose with increasing distance from the shore toward inland. We speculate that the proximity to the marine environment produces lower levels of community turnover on land, and this effect decreases progressively farther inland. Our analysis suggests underlying ecological and evolutionary processes that give rise to continental‐scale biogeographic influence from sea to land.
IL‐4‐induced gene 1 maintains high Tob1 expression that contributes to TCR unresponsiveness in human T helper 17 cells
Authors: Santarlasci Veronica , Maggi Laura , Mazzoni Alessio , Capone Manuela , Querci Valentina , Rossi Maria Caterina , Beltrame Luca , Cavalieri Duccio , De Palma Raffaele , Liotta Francesco , Cosmi Lorenzo , Maggi Enrico , Romagnani Sergio , Annunziato Francesco
Published: December 2013

Human Th17 cells have a limited proliferative capacity compared to other T‐cell subsets. We have shown that human Th17 cells display impaired IL‐2 production due to IL‐4‐induced gene 1 (IL4I1) upregulation. Here, we show that in human Th17 cells, IL4I1 also maintains high levels of Tob1, a member of the Tob/BTG (B‐cell traslocation gene) antiproliferative protein family, which prevents cell‐cycle progression mediated by TCR stimulation. Indeed, Th17 cells exhibited higher levels of Tob1 than Th1 cells in both resting and TCR‐activated conditions. Accordingly, the expression of positive regulators of the cell cycle (cyclin A, B, C, and E and Cdk2), as well as of Skp2, which promotes Tob1 degradation, was lower in Th17 cells than in Th1 cells. Tob1 expression in human Th17 cells correlated with both RAR (retinoic acid receptor)‐related orphan receptor C (RORC) and IL4I1 levels. However, RORC was not directly involved in the regulation of Tob1 expression, whereas IL4I1 silencing in Th17 cells induced a substantial decrease of Tob1 expression. These data suggest that IL4I1 upregulation in human Th17 cells limits their TCR‐mediated expansion not only by blocking the molecular pathway involved in the activation of the IL‐2 promoter, but also by maintaining high levels of Tob1, which impairs entry into the cell cycle.
Copper(I) and Silver(I) Complexes of 1,3‐Diphosphacyclobutadiene Sandwich Anions: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Solution and Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopic Characterization
Authors: Malberg Jennifer , Wiegand Thomas , Eckert Hellmut , Bodensteiner Michael , Wolf Robert
Published: December 2013

1,3‐Diphosphacyclobutadiene complexes have previously been employed as metalloligands to a few transition metals such as tungsten, cobalt, rhodium, platinum, and gold. Here, we describe the synthesis and the structural and spectroscopic characterization of novel copper(I) and silver(I) complexes with the sandwich anions [Co(η4‐P2C2R2)2]– (R = tBu or tPent). Reactions of [K(thf)3{Co(P2C2tPent2)2}] and [K(thf)2{Co(P2C2tBu2)2}] with CuCl(PPh3)/PPh3 yielded mononuclear copper(I) complexes [Cu{Co(P2C2R2)2}(PPh3)2] [R = tPent (1), tBu (2)]. The salt [Cu(PMe3)4][Co(P2C2tPent2)2] (3), which consists of a [Cu(PMe3)4]+ cation and a noncoordinated [Co(P2C2tPent2)2]– anion, was obtained when [K(thf)3{Co(P2C2tPent2)2}] was treated with CuCl(PPh3) in the presence of an excess amount of PMe3. Salt metathesis of [K(thf)3{Co(P2C2tPent2)2}] with AgCl and AgSbF6 in the presence of PMe3 afforded novel silver(I) complexes [Ag{Co(P2C2tPent2)2}(PMe3)3] (4), [Ag{Co(P2C2tPent2)2}(PMe3)2] (5), and [Ag2{Co(P2C2tPent2)2}(PMe3)5]SbF6 (6). The molecular structures of 1, 2, 5, and 6 were determined by X‐ray crystallography. The solution behavior of 1–6 was analyzed by variable‐temperature 1H, 31P{1H}, and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy in [D8]THF. 31P solution and solid‐state NMR spectra, aided by two‐dimensional dipolar and/or J‐based correlation spectroscopy, support the proposed structures and allowed the compositions of polycrystalline precipitated products to be analyzed. Furthermore, characteristic 31P chemical shifts and indirect spin–spin coupling constants offer a clear distinction between different bonding patterns realized in this class of compounds.
Seed meals as source of fractions with different effects on pancreatic lipase activity
Authors: Shene Carolina , Spuler María José , Acevedo Francisca , Rubilar Mónica
Published: December 2013

The effect of different fractions (lipids, solids soluble in aqueous ethanol (ES), soluble protein (SP), and the residue after the extractions) of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus), linseed (Linum usitatissimum), and soybean (Glycine max) meals on in vitro porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) activity was determined. PPL activity against emulsions prepared with the different SPs unprocessed or denaturated by heat, digested with pepsin and homogenized at high pressure was also evaluated. In general, the lipids, ES, and the residue fractions increased PPL activity (8.4–80.0%) whereas it was reduced by the SPs of lupin (25.3%) and linseed (30.8%) at a low concentration. Residual activity after incubating the enzyme with the SPs was found between 13 and 46% depending on the source and the incubating period. The rate at which PPL hydrolyzed emulsions in which lipid droplets were covered first by gum Arabic and then with the protein was influenced by the treatment of SP; less free fatty acids were released from emulsions containing the denaturated and digested SPs. PPL activity against emulsions that contained the homogenized SPs was higher (108–174%) than the activity against emulsions that contained the untreated SP.

Practical applications: Lupin, linseed, and soybean meals contain various fractions that increase the activity of PPL; however the soluble proteins of lupin and linseed exert the opposite effect at low concentrations with the subsequent reduction of lipolysis products. Besides emulsions prepared with denaturated or protease digested seed proteins are hydrolyzed at low rates by PPL. This property of the seed proteins could find use in the developing of foods for weight control for instance plant‐based milks and creams. On the other hand, high pressure homogenization could be used as a treatment for decrease the negative effect of seed proteins on the activity of PPL.
Pyrene–Azobenzene Dyads and Their Photochemistry
Authors: Nachtigall Olaf , Lomoth Reiner , Dahlstrand Christian , Lundstedt Anna , Gogoll Adolf , Webb Matthew J. , Grennberg Helena
Published: December 2013

The facile synthesis of three new folding azobenzene‐pyrene systems 1–3, connected together by a serendipitously obtained and unpredicted ester linkage, is reported. Additional characterization of the photochemistry of these systems revealed variations in azobenzene photoisomerization (trans‐cis and cis‐trans) and quenching of pyrene fluorescence, as a result of intra‐excitation energy transfer from the pyrene chromophore to an azobenzene. Through the use of aryl substituent electronic effects to tune the absorption properties of the azobenzene relative to the pyrene, we show that efficient photo‐switching can be achieved when the trans‐azobenzene absorbance band is well separated from that of the pyrene (compound 1), whereas overlap of the corresponding absorbance bands in the cases of 2 and 3 significantly compromises trans‐cis isomerization by enhancing cis‐trans interconversion.
Functionalized Phospholipid Molecular Platform: Use for Production of Cationic Fluorescent Lipids
Authors: Berchel Mathieu , Haelters Jean‐Pierre , Afonso Damien , Maroto Alicia , Deschamps Laure , Giamarchi Philippe , Jaffrès Paul‐Alain
Published: December 2013

Fluorescent amphiphilic phospholipids (neutral or cationic) in which fluorescent probes are contained in the lipid domain were synthesized via phosphoramide intermediates possessing two distinct lipid chains. One of these lipid chains is ω‐functionalized with an azide or alkyne group, and this is subsequently used to introduce a fluorescent probe by Huisgen cycloaddition. Five different fluorescent probes (naphthalimide, dansyl, fluoresceine, Nile red, and coumarin) were considered in this study. These neutral and cationic fluorescent lipids were included at a 1 % molar ratio with a selected cationic lipid (KLN47) to produce liposomal solutions that were characterized by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements.
Towards Stapling of Helical Alleno‐Acetylene Oligomers – Synthesis of an Enantiopure Bis(ethynylvinylidene)‐Substituted Cyclohexadeca‐1,3,9,11‐tetrayne
Authors: Müller I.‐E. Sophie , Bernet Bruno , Dengiz Cagatay , Schweizer W. Bernd , Diederich François
Published: December 2013

We are interested in developing strategies to bridge (“staple”) enantiomerically pure acyclic alleno‐acetylenic oligomers to enhance their conformational preferences for helical secondary structures, which are postulated to be at the origin of their exceptional chiroptical properties. We found that ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), which has been used for the stapling of peptide helices, failed with an acyclic alleno‐acetylene dimer decorated with lateral olefinic side chains. Instead, enyne RCM to an enantiomerically pure dienyne occurred. We switched to the introduction of diacetylene‐containing bridges and report here the 15‐step synthesis of a moderately strained, enantiomerically pure cyclohexa‐1,3,9,11‐tetrayne with an oxidative acetylenic coupling in the key step. The chiroptical properties of the new compounds are discussed.
Purification‐Free, Small‐Scale Synthesis of Isothiocyanates by Reagentless Fragmentation of Polymer‐Supported 1,4,2‐Oxathiazoles
Authors: Burkett Brendan A. , Fu Pincheng , Hewitt Russell J. , Ng Su Ling , Toh Joel D. W.
Published: December 2013

The synthesis of isothiocyanates (ITCs) by employing polymer‐supported 1,4,2‐oxathiazoles is described. The ITCs are obtained in moderate yields and high purity through a reagentless, thermal fragmentation of polymer‐supported 1,4,2‐oxathiazoles that are obtained by trapping nitrile oxides with polymer‐supported thiocarbonates.
Efficient Resolution of Menthylamine with Inexpensive (R,R)‐Tartaric Acid by Dielectrically Controlled Resolution (DCR)
Authors: Schmitt Magdalena , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: December 2013

A practical procedure for the resolution of menthylamine 2 with (R,R)‐tartaric acid [(R,R)‐3] as resolving agent is presented. Variation of the solvent system allows both enantiomers of 2 to be selectively crystallized. Performing the resolution in methanol containing 6 % water leads to (–)‐2·(R,R)‐3·MeOH. The other, less‐soluble diastereomeric salt is obtained by applying a solvent system consisting of methanol with 19 % water with a yield of 14 %. Subsequent basic workup with aqueous sodium hydroxide gave the free menthylamine compounds. Further workup of the mother liquors and an additional recrystallization step allowed the (–)‐2·(R,R)‐3·MeOH salt to be obtained in an overall yield of 22 %; the other salt (+)‐2·(R,R)‐3·MeOH·H2O was obtained in 23 % yield. This is another important example of the dielectrically controlled resolution of an interesting amine by using inexpensive (R,R)‐tartaric acid as resolving agent.
Electroanalytical Performance of a Freestanding Three‐Dimensional Graphene Foam Electrode
Authors: Figueiredo‐Filho Luiz C. S. , Brownson Dale A. C. , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando , Banks Craig E.
Published: December 2013

The electroanalytical performance of a freestanding three‐dimensional (3D) quasi‐graphene macrostructure is evaluated and benchmarked towards model analytes in aqueous solutions. Due to the freestanding 3D graphene foam exhibiting near‐super‐hydrophobicity and consequently giving rise to poor voltammetric signatures in aqueous solutions (Brownson et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 5962), we explore a ‘washing’ pretreatment procedure to reduce the hydrophobic behaviour of the 3D graphene macrostructure in order to try and allow its effective application in such cases. Herein, the electrochemical properties and resultant electroanalytical performance of the pretreated 3D graphene foam (3D‐GF) is critically explored and compared to a freestanding 3D reticulated vitreous carbon (3D‐RVC) foam alternative towards the sensing of a range of important analytes via cyclic voltammetry in aqueous solutions; namely, uric acid (UA), acetaminophen (AP) and dopamine hydrochloride (DA). It is found that the 3D‐RVC exhibits improved electroanalytical characteristics with larger linear ranges and lower limit of detections achievable over that of the 3D‐GF towards the target analytes. This work provides a vital insight into electroanalysis using 3D graphene and carbon foams.
The Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Graphene Modified Electrodes
Authors: Randviir Edward P. , Banks Craig E.
Published: December 2013

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is studied in acidic media utilising various graphene modified carbon electrodes including pristine graphene, Graphene Oxide (GO) and Q‐Graphene which are compared and contrasted against unmodified edge‐ and basal‐ plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes (EPPG and BPPG, respectively). The ORR is found to be highly dependent upon the material’s characteristics where a range of activities are observed; in terms of the smallest (least negative) reduction potential, the relative reactivities are ordered as follows: GO>Q‐Graphene>EPPG>BPPG>Pristine graphene. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of two parameters: i) the density of oxygenated species present and their composition; and ii) the density of edge plane‐like sites. Electrochemical analysis reveals that despite the observed variation in peak potentials from the modification with various graphenes, the underlying ORR mechanism in acidic media proceeds via the 2 electron process forming hydrogen peroxide. Insights from this work are highly important as it allows researchers to understand the electrochemistry of graphene in the ORR which has importance in energy generation and where graphene is used per se and also as fuel cell catalyst supports.
Role of biomaterials in prevention of in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Laçin Nelisa T. , Utkan Guldem G.
Published: December 2013

Coronary balloon angioplasty and coronary stenting are the procedures used in healing coronary artery disease. However, injury of arteries during angioplasty and stenting causes cell stimulations in tissue. Cell movement and thrombosis lead to re‐narrowing of widened vessel called restenosis. Several new types of carriers and technology have been developed to suppress and/or prevent restenosis. Authors review the polymeric materials featured in drug/gene carrier systems, nanovehicles, and stent coating materials against restenosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1113–1120, 2014.
In vivo testing of silver treated fibers for the evaluation of skin irritation effect and hypoallergenicity
Authors: Paladini F. , Sannino A. , Pollini M.
Published: December 2013

Textiles are a fertile breeding ground for a multitude of micro‐organisms under appropriate conditions of moisture and temperature. The broad‐spectrum biocide properties of silver are well known and many technologies have been developed so far to treat textiles with silver. The efficacy of the silver deposition technology presented in this article has been already demonstrated in previous works, where the strong adhesion of silver nanoparticles to the substrate and their antibacterial capability have been assessed. This work focuses on the evaluation of any possible interaction of silver treated cotton with human skin, in terms of skin irritation and hypoallergenicity. Moreover, the presence of silver and the antibacterial capability against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, were verified even after several washing cycles in order to develop a product with long‐term antibacterial capability and no adverse effects in terms of skin irritation and hypoallergenicity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1031–1037, 2014.
Labeled oxazaphosphorines for applications in mass spectrometry studies. 2. Synthesis of deuterium‐labeled 2‐dechloroethylcyclophosphamides and 2‐ and 3‐dechloroethylifosfamides
Authors: Springer James B. , Colvin O. Michael , Ludeman Susan M.
Published: December 2013

The prodrugs cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IF) each metabolize to an active alkylating agent through a cytochrome P450‐mediated oxidation at the C‐4 position. Competing with this activation pathway are enzymatic oxidations at the exocyclic α and α′ carbons, which result in dechloroethylation of CP and IF. The incidence of oxidation at one position relative to another is believed to be at least one factor underlying the high degree of interpatient variability in both CP and IF pharmacokinetics. As standards for the mass spectrometry quantification of dechloroethylation, the following were synthesized: (1) [4,4,5,5‐2H4]‐2‐dechloroethylcyclophosphamide (equivalent to [4,4,5,5‐2H4]‐3‐dechloroethylifosfamide); (2) [α,α,4,4,5,5‐2H6]‐2‐dechloroethylcyclophosphamide (equivalent to [α,α,4,4,5,5‐2H6]‐3‐dechloroethylifosfamide); and (3) [α,α,4,4,5,5‐2H6]‐2‐dechloroethylifosfamide. The common precursor to all of the target compounds was [2,2,3,3‐2H4]‐3‐aminopropanol. A one‐pot reaction of this compound with POCl3 and unlabeled or labeled 2‐chloroethylamine hydrochloride gave the d4 and d6 labeled 2‐dechloroethylcyclophosphamides. The construction of the 2‐dechloroethylifosfamide from the aminopropanol required five discreet steps. Optimization of the synthetic pathways and stability studies are discussed.
Rate of soil‐aggregate formation under different organic matter amendments—a short‐term incubation experiment
Authors: Andruschkewitsch Rouven , Geisseler Daniel , Dultz Stefan , Joergensen Rainer‐Georg , Ludwig Bernard
Published: December 2013

To improve soil structure and take advantage of several accompanying ecological benefits, it is necessary to understand the underlying processes of aggregate dynamics in soils. Our objective was to quantify macroaggregate (> 250 μm) rebuilding in soils from loess (Haplic Luvisol) with different initial soil organic C (SOC) contents and different amendments of organic matter (OM) in a short term incubation experiment. Two soils differing in C content and sampled at 0–5 and 5–25 cm soil depths were incubated after macroaggregate destruction. The following treatments were applied: (1) control (without any addition), (2) OM1 (addition of OM: preincubated wheat straw [< 10 mm, C : N 40.6] at a rate of 4.1 g C [kg soil]–1), and (3) OM2 (same as (2) at a rate of 8.2 g C [kg soil]–1). Evolution of CO2 released from the treatments was measured continuously, and contents of different water‐stable aggregate‐size classes (> 250 μm, 250–53 μm, < 53 μm), microbial biomass, and ergosterol were determined after 7 and 28 d of incubation. Highest microbial activity was observed in the first 3 d after the OM application. With one exception, > 50% of the rebuilt macroaggregates were formed within the first 7 d after rewetting and addition of OM. However, the amount of organic C within the new macroaggregates was ≈ 2‐ to 3‐fold higher than in the original soil. The process of aggregate formation was still proceeding after 7 d of incubation, however at a lower rate. Contents of organic C within macroaggregates were decreased markedly after 28 d of incubation in the OM1 and OM2 treatments, suggesting that the microbial biomass (bacteria and fungi) used organic C within the newly built macroaggregates. Overall, the results confirmed for all treatments that macroaggregate formation is a rapid process and highly connected with the amount of OM added and microbial activity. However, the time of maximum aggregation after C addition depends on the soil and substrate investigated. Moreover, the results suggest that the primary macroaggregates, formed within the first 7 d, are still unstable and oversaturated with OM and therefore act as C source for microbial decomposition processes.
Band reporting probabilities of mallards, American black ducks, and wood ducks in eastern North America
Authors: Garrettson Pamela R. , Raftovich Robert V. , Hines James E. , Zimmerman Guthrie S.
Published: December 2013

Estimates of band reporting probabilities are used for managing North American waterfowl to convert band recovery probabilities into harvest probabilities, which are used to set harvest regulations. Band reporting probability is the probability that someone who has shot and retrieved a banded bird will report the band. This probability can vary relative to a number of factors, particularly the inscription on the band and the ease with which it can be reported. Other factors, such as geographic reporting region, and species and sex of the bird may also play a role. We tested whether reporting probabilities of wood ducks (Aix sponsa) and American black ducks (black ducks; Anas rubripes) differed from those of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and whether band reporting varied geographically or by the sex of the banded bird. In the analysis of spatially comparable wood duck and mallard data, a band reporting probability of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.67–0.78) was appropriate for use across species, sex, and reporting region within the United States. In the black duck–mallard comparison, the band reporting probability of black ducks in Eastern Canada (0.50, 95% CI = 0.44–0.57) was lower than in the Eastern United States (0.73, 95% CI = 0.62–0.83). These estimates reflected an increase in overall band reporting probability following the addition of a toll‐free telephone number to band inscriptions. Lower reporting in Eastern Canada may be because of cultural, linguistic, or logistical barriers. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
The nasal cycle during wakefulness and sleep and its relation to body position
Authors: Rohrmeier Christian , Schittek Silke , Ettl Tobias , Herzog Michael , Kuehnel Thomas S.
Published: December 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

To compare the occurrence, duration, and relative amplitudes of the nasal cycle (NC) during wakefulness and sleep, and to investigate the relationship of the NC to body position.

Study Design/Methods

In 20 healthy subjects, the NC was measured by long‐term rhinoflowmetry for an average 23.1 hours during wakefulness and sleep. Head and body position were also recorded during the night.

Results

A classic NC was displayed by 50% of subjects during wakefulness and by 75% of the subjects during sleep. Cycle duration during wakefulness was 91.1 minutes (± 65.2; 20–337), increasing significantly during sleep to 178 minutes (± 92.8; 21–498) (P < 0.01). The relative mean flow of the working phase during wakefulness was 67.6% (± 8.0; 58–90), and it was significantly higher during sleep at 82.0% (± 6.8; 63–93) (P < 0.01). On recumbency, there was a significant correlation between body position and resting phase side (r = 0.67; P = 0.024). To a significant extent, positional shifts led to subsequent NC laterality changes (22%; P < 0.01). Conversely, to a significant extent, positional shifts preceded NC laterality changes (57.6%; P < 0.01). Body position changed in a nonsignificant number of cases (30.3%; P = 0.16) due to reversal of the congestion side of the inferior turbinates.

Conclusion

The results of our study show that the NC during sleep is characterized by longer cycle durations and greater amplitudes than during wakefulness on normal physical activity. Shifts in body position during sleep alter the NC in a specific direction to a significant extent, but the opposite is not the case.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 124:1492–1497, 2014
Comparison of the AJCC N staging system in mucosal and cutaneous squamous head and neck cancer
Authors: Brunner Markus , Ng Beverly C. , Veness Michael J. , Clark Jonathan R.
Published: December 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) substantially changed the staging of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in the seventh edition of its staging manual. Given that oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (mSCC) and cSCC behave differently and affect different patient populations, the aim of this study was to provide a side‐by‐side comparison and to evaluate the current nodal (N) grouping for cSCC alongside oral mSCC to determine whether the same system is justified

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Methods

Multivariable analysis of 672 patients with metastatic cSCC and of 225 patients with metastatic mSCC from two prospective cancer‐center databases.

Results

While, as expected, the N grouping functioned well in mSCC in terms of distribution and stratification of patients, it performed much less favorably in cSCC. In contrast to mSCC, the different N groups demonstrate much less prognostic importance in cSCC.

Conclusion

Although the introduction of a unified N system for mSCC and cSCC has definite advantages, it does not translate into optimal distribution and stratification for metastatic cSCC.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 124:1598–1602, 2014