bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of Grip Strength, Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in Monoiodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats
Authors: Ekeuku Sophia Ogechi , Ahmad Fairus , Chin Kok-Yong
Published: January 2023

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease affecting articular cartilage among the elderly. The intra-articular monoiodoacetate injection is one of the most widely used methods to induce osteoarthritis in animals. While the effects of monoiodoacetate on cartilage are well-characterized, its effects on subchondral bone remodeling are less studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of the grip strength, articular cartilage structure and subchondral bone remodeling in monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were assigned to normal control (n=6) and osteoarthritis group (n=6), which received intra-articular injection of 4 mg/50 µL monoiodoacetate solution once at the left knee of hindlimb. The rats were monitored for four weeks. The grip strength test was performed before injection and every week after injection. After four weeks, the femurs with intact cartilage were harvested for histomorphological analysis. Grip strength was reduced significantly in the osteoarthritic rats compared to the normal rats (p<0.05). Food intake was reduced significantly one week following monoiodoacetate-induction (p<0.05), but it stabilized afterwards. Monoiodoacetate injection increased cartilage erosion and osteoclast number in the subchondral bone of the osteoarthritic rats compared to the normal rats (p<0.05). However, it did not affect body weight, subchondral bone osteoblast activity, mineralization and microstructure of osteoarthritic rats (p>0.05). As a conclusion, monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis affects the cartilage and increases osteoclast formation in the subchondral bone of rats.
Kesan Rawatan Termomekanik dengan Mampatan Tunggal terhadap Mikrostruktur dan Sifat Mikromekanik Aloi Pateri Sn-0.7Cu
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Fateh Amera , Abu Bakar Maria , Jalar Azman
Published: January 2023

Aloi pateri bebas plumbum telah digunakan secara meluas sebagai bahan antarasambungan bagi peranti elektronik yang memberikan sambungan elektrik bagi kebolehfungsian dan sokongan mekanik bagi integriti struktur. Rawatan termomekanik merupakan proses metalurgi yang melibatkan gabungan rawatan terma dan pembebanan mekanik. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan rawatan termomekanik dengan mampatan tunggal ke atas perubahan mikrostruktur dan sifat mikromekanik aloi pateri Sn-0.7Cu. Aloi pateri Sn-0.7Cu berbentuk bar dipotong kepada lapan sampel berbentuk kiub dengan ukuran 6 mm (p) × 6 mm (l) × 10 mm (t). Empat sampel yang pertama menjalani rawatan haba pada suhu 30 ℃, 60 ℃, 90 ℃ dan 120 ℃ selama 20 minit, diikuti dengan proses mampatan tunggal sebanyak 20% dan pelindapan di dalam medium air. Empat sampel yang berikutnya hanya didedahkan pada rawatan haba sahaja, diikuti pelindapan di dalam medium air digunakan sebagai sampel kawalan. Cerapan mikrostruktur menunjukkan butiran yang kecil dan seragam aloi pateri Sn-0.7Cu terbentuk dengan rawatan termomekanik mampatan tunggal pada suhu 120 °C akibat daripada penghabluran semula butiran. Keputusan kekerasan bagi aloi pateri Sn-0.7Cu selepas rawatan termomekanik mampatan tunggal pada suhu 120 °C telah menunjukkan perubahan yang sedikit iaitu sebanyak 19% berbanding sampel rawatan haba sebanyak 64%. Keputusan modulus terkurang juga menunjukkan tren yang sama iaitu perubahan yang lebih rendah bagi sampel dengan rawatan termomekanik mampatan tunggal pada suhu 120 °C sebanyak 52% manakala sampel rawatan haba sebanyak 69%. Penemuan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kesan suhu dalam rawatan termomekanik mampatan tunggal berupaya untuk mengubah suai mikrostruktur dan memberikan kestabilan sifat mikromekanik aloi pateri Sn-0.7Cu berbanding dengan rawatan haba.
Rafflesia tunku-azizahiae(Rafflesiaceae), a New Species from Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Adam Jumaat H. , Aizat-Juhari Mohd. Afiq , Nik Ariff Nik Nadira-Farhana , Khamis Shamsul , Mohd. Yasin Mohd. Hizamri , Wan Kiew-Lian
Published: January 2023

A new species of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) from Mt. Benom Forest Reserve, Ulu Dong, Raub, Pahang, Rafflesia tunku-azizahiae Adam, Aizat-Juhari & Wan is described and illustrated. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that R. tunku-azizahiae and R. tuanku-halimii are closely related morphologically, characterized by perigone lobes covered by rows of very closely spaced coalesced white warts, and windows wholly covered by very closely rings of coalesced white warts. Score plot and bi-plot showed that R. tunku-azizahiae differs from R. tuanku-halimii by larger flower diameter, broader diaphragm and disc diameter, larger aperture diameter and longer ramenta.
VERBALIZATION OF THE AXIOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE ANDALUSIAN GYPSIES AND UKRAINIANS BASED ON WEDDING SONGS
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Saifutdinova Olena
Published: January 2023

This article is devoted to the analysis of the representation of axiological values by means of the popular ritual wedding songs of Andalusian gypsies and Ukrainians. Axiological values shown through the text of the wedding songs of Andalusian gypsies and Ukrainians are considered. The ways of language expression of both national ritual songs are estimated. The research reveals the values expressed via metaphorical images, symbols and periphrasis which codify popular language. Similar frames of Andalusian gypsy and Ukrainian wedding songs are discovered. It is observed that such family values as chastity and welfare are pictured with the use of expressive means of the language in both ritual wedding songs of Andalusian gypsies and of Ukrainians. The cultural nature of appreciation of these axiological values is studied. Tentative mechanism of influence of the wedding songs on the younger generation is explained. A great educational power and an important pedagogical role of the wedding songs are highlighted. It is concluded that ritual wedding songs are a powerful medium (channel) of saving the traditional axiological model, behavior patterns, esthetic and moral values. The directions of further scientific research are considered:1) they may include a study of the psychological mechanism of metaphor, periphrasis and symbols in ritual songs and lullabies of both cultures or 2) they may involve an experimental study between the people of different cultures to know how they understand the metaphor formed in national and foreign cultures.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TRANSLATING OFFICIAL-BUSINESS STYLE TEXTS
Authors:   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Sikorska Victoria
Published: January 2023

oday, in the age of scientific and technological progress, official business language plays an increasingly important role in human life: exchange of information, business correspondence between enterprises and institutions, Professional contacts of specialists of different countries became an integral part of production, political, scientific and socio-cultural activitiesOfficial-business style is used in the sphere of inter-state official-business relations in the field of politics, economy, culture. It regulates the official-business relations of international organizations, structures, individuals through conventions (international agreements), notes (communications), protocols, memoranda, treaties, declarations, etc. That is, documents with a high level of standardization. Due to the extreme importance of diplomatic discourse for ensuring successful international, intercultural contacts, the problem of equivalence and adequacy of translation of international documents is an urgent research task.
THE RIGHT OF A PARTICIPANT IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS TO ACCESS THE CASE MATERIALS
Authors: Lauva Artis
Published: January 2023

Publication is dedicated to reflect problems that are connected with participant rights in the administrative process, more precisely, problems with administrative process participant’s rights to access the case materials. Publication gives an in-depth insight of problems that are connected with Administrative Procedure Law regulations about rights to access the case materials and case law that are related to the topic of the publication. Author of publication identifies problems that are regulated in The Administrative Procedure Law and are connected to the topic of publication.
THE CONCEPT OF MEDIATION AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MEDIATION
Authors: Gžibovskis Viktors
Published: January 2023

Mediation is a structured process of voluntary cooperation in which the parties seek a mutually acceptable solution to a dispute through a mediator. Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution in civil law with the help of a neutral third party (mediator). It promotes and supports the harmonization of relations, social cooperation and mutual ethics in legal relations. Mediation is a relatively new legal institution with a number of issues.
COMPLIANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUAL TREATMENT IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENTS
Authors: Jurāne Samanta
Published: January 2023

On 1 March 2007, the new Public Procurement Law entered into force, which aims to ensure free competition of economic operators, as well as equal and fair treatment thereof. However, the practice of Procurement Monitoring Bureau shows that one of the most common causes of complaints made to Procurement Monitoring Bureau is non-compliance with the principle of equal treatment by contracting authority both in the wording of tender regulations, namely, by inclusion of non-equal requirements in relation to different categories of tenderers, and in the assessment process of the tenders of the tenderers. This imposes unjustified restrictions on competition and serves as a basis for corruption.
THE ORGANIC FODDER TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS OF THE FARM “MIEZĪŠI”, PREIĻI DISTRICT
Authors: Prikule Vita
Published: January 2023

The research of fodder cultivation technology of the farm "Miezīši" is carried out in the work, comparing it with the situation in Latvia. Calculations of fodder needs and provision of fodder on the farm have been made. Concerning the production of organic feed Conclusions and proposals have been developed. The research has been developed on the basis of the accounting and review documents of the farm "Miezīši", special literature, publications in periodicals, as well as the laws of the Republic of Latvia and other regulatory documents related to the development of the organic livestock sector.
THEORETICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONCEPTS OF “EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION” AND “EMPLOYEE LOYALTY”
Authors: Zahars Imants
Published: January 2023

The article is based on the theoretical research of the concepts of “employee motivation” and “employee loyalty” and their interpretation in the industry and scientific literature. The following research methods have been used in the research – content analysis, monographic method, logically constructive method and synthesis method. The aim of the article is to summarize the meaning of the terms “employee motivation” and “employee loyalty”. The novelty of the article lies in the comparison, analysis and synthesis of these terms from various scientific aspects. Other aspects of the concepts of definition are highlighted and their meaning is expanded.
Social Justice and Humanism as Axiological Principles of Labor Law and the Concept of the Quality of Working Life
Authors: Golovina S. Yu. , Tomashevski K. L.
Published: January 2023

In the context of the intensification of the integration processes of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, the focus of legal integration on the harmonization and even unification of labor legislation, it seems relevant to address the legal issues of decent work and ensuring the quality of life of citizens of both states, the convergence of state minimum social standards. The main attention in the article is given to such initial axiological legal principles that play a leading role in ensuring decent work and the quality of work life as social justice and humanism in the social and labor sphere, which determines the structure of this article. The problem of quality of life is interdisciplinary. It has not only a legal, but also an economic, sociological, socio-cultural, general philosophical context. Therefore, in the article, along with general scientific and special legal methods, an interdisciplinary approach is widely used. The authors aim is, based on doctrinal developments, normative material and its comparative analysis, to deepen the understanding of the ideas of social justice and humanism in the social and labor sphere, which underlie the legal program of decent work and the concept of the quality of work life with the development of proposals for improving the labor legislation of Russia and Belarus.
Comprehension of the EU Political and Legal Development
Authors: Chugunov D. K. , Kasyanov R. A. , Evdokimov M. A.
Published: January 2023

The dynamic change in the role of the European institutional integration in the joint development of continental Europe, as well as its consequences arises some issues for discussion. The purpose of the research is to offer alternative options for the development of the EU to avoid a perforce change in European integration. Currently, the transition from a narrow economic model of delegation to a broader model of demarcation continues. The EU sees itself as an indispensable tool for implementation of the common interests of states and citizens in different spheres, energy and finances in particular. From the legal point of view, European politicians have grounds for the rule implementation concerning various areas of life, not limited to the economic sphere, and taking the established rule of EU law into account. At the same time, problems arise regarding the understanding of this supremacy. Since the essence of the European Union as an integration association and an international organization is unusual given the independence from the Member States EU policy, the institutions themselves often pursue an aggressive policy to bring national practices on certain issues in line with the Union law. Uncertainty about the further development of Europe has arisen because some states and the EU initially pursued different goals within the framework of the Union. The EU’s approach is increasingly focusing on the creation of common good and search for justice. By these means, the Union seeks to replace the functions of the state. At the same time, guided by the legal point of view and the fact that EU policies do not always suit the nation and its citizens, it may be necessary to rethink the role of EU institutions. It should no longer imply the adoption of binding decisions by the Member States regarding issues of social security and equality of rights of various groups. Otherwise, cases of conflict within the EU will lead to a perforce reduction in the organization’s functions. The article reviews the latest trends concerning the harsh response of several European states to EU extensive policy aimed not only at economic regulation, but also at changing society and the principles of its existence as a whole. The authors believe that in order to force the transfer of powers to the EU level Russia is deemed an eminent factor. The methods of research include both theoretical (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy) and special legal methods of cognition (formal legal and comparative legal).
Women in the Domain of Law in Russia: Emancipation and Counter-Emancipation
Authors: Tarusina N. N. , Ivanchin A. V. , Isaeva E. A. , Koneva E. V. , Simonova S. V.
Published: January 2023

The emancipation of women in Russia, while it began quite fruitfully, during some periods of the development of the Russian (Soviet) society and Russian (Soviet) statehood had obvious failures that eventually reversed it resulting in counter-emancipation. To this day, these phenomena remain in an unfriendly interaction. This is most clearly demonstrated in political and social activities, labor (restrictions on the right of access to a profession; harassment), criminal policy (gender differentiation in the penal system, inefficiency in counteracting domestic violence), legal regulation of family relations (no legal recognition of de facto marriage; de facto polygamy; surrogate motherhood; property insecurity). The draft law on guarantees of equal opportunities for men and women and their implementation has been given a “red light”. The sociocultural context of the relations under consideration is heavily burdened by a patriarchal parlance. The authors suggest that despite the obvious fact that public opinion and legislative decisions are not generally oriented towards maintaining discrimination and/or counteremancipation, we have yet to see a clear and efficient breakthrough that would equalize the legal and actual statuses of men and women in the Russian legal system and in Russian society as a whole.
Personal Identity in the Metaverse: Challenges and Risks
Authors: Mitrushchenkova A. N.
Published: January 2023

Gone are the days when humanity existed in only one dimension. Digitalization, artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) create new opportunities but also pose new challenges and risks for society. One of the most vital concerns that arises due to these changes is whether people's perception of themselves remains the same or it is gradually changing. These issues require particular attention amid the emergence of a new world: the metaverse. The article addresses the issue of identifying the main changes happening to a person's ‘self’ from a philosophical and legal perspective and outlines the already existing threats to human rights. The study revealed that it is already possible to speak about serious transformations in a personal identity construct, which is changing qualitatively, but also expands dimensionally, i.e. there are not only a multiple identity, but also a multidimensional one. These transformations have caused serious implications of ethical and legal character. Digital identity in its legal sense has become an integral part of our lives, whether we like that or not. Privacy is becoming the most topical issue as the ubiquitous surveillance, data gathering of various kinds leave next to nothing as to preserving your private life private.
The Legacy of the Human Rights Movement: Prosecutor-General Fritz Bauer on Genocide and Human Rights
Authors: Grakhotsky A. P.
Published: January 2023

The paper is devoted to the legacy of Fritz Bauer — the Prosecutor General of the Land of Hesse in West Germany — and analyzes his understanding of the possibility of building the rule of law in Germany, understanding the criminal past of Germany and realizing the responsibility of the German citizens for the genocide of the Jewish people. Fritz Bauer was one of the most consistent supporters of the criminal prosecution against Nazi criminals in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). In Bauer’s view, the Nuremberg trials were supposed to witness the desire of the German state to restore the rule of law, preserve the memory of millions of victims of Nazism, celebrate the triumph of justice and human rights. In the course of the court proceedings, Fritz Bauer sought to show that millions of German citizens who supported the Hitler regime and shared the ideology of National Socialism were responsible for Nazi atrocities. The merit of Fritz Bauer’s goal was to recognize the Third Reich as an illegitimate State and rehabilitate the participants of the Anti-Hitler Resistance Movement. In his articles and court speeches, Bauer justified the right of citizens to resist the criminal authorities, argued that disobeying criminal orders was the only possible option for lawful behavior in an illegitimate State. Fritz Bauer was convinced that it was possible to prevent the repetition of the past and prevent the neo-Nazis from coming to power only through the democratic education of the younger generation of the Germans, ensuring universal respect for human rights and dignity.
Cellular and humoral factors of innate antiviral immunity
Authors: Moskalev Alexander V. , Gumilevsky Boris Yu. , Apchel Andrey V. , Tsygan Vasiliy N.
Published: January 2023

The study presents new data on the biological effects of well-known cellular and humoral factors that ensure the functioning of innate immunity. Four mechanisms induced by viruses, which lead to the destruction of inhibitory proteins and trigger the transcription of interferon genes, are described. The paper also presented the order of synthesis of species of interferons and other pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of an antiviral immune response. This is of great importance because viruses have significantly different resistance to the biological effects of interferons. Interferon lambda played a role in the development of innate immune reactions against many viruses, and the effectiveness of the functioning of the mechanisms of the innate and adaptive immunity in viral infections was evaluated, depending on the state of the stat l, 4, 6 genes and genes of interferon regulators. An interferon-independent variant of the innate immune response in viral infections that occurs a few hours after infection and is associated with chemokine CXCL10 has been described. Data on the most important role of the ubiquitin-proteasome cleavage pathway of proteins and the complement system in the implementation of antiviral effects of innate immunity are also presented. The uniqueness of the microbicidal effects of natural killers, which are realized only in cells that reduced the expression of major histocompatibility complex I molecules, has been established. In addition, natural killers can recognize and do not attack target cells carrying antigens of HLA-E, the sublocus of the major histocompatibility complex I molecules. The natural killers were found to acquire the properties of memory cells. This is facilitated by interleukins 12 and 18. The extracellular neutrophil traps of neutrophils showed microbicidal effects against many viruses. The congenital lymphoid cells have multifaceted effects on the development of an antiviral immune response.
The glymphatic system and biomarkers of the cerebrospinal fluid in idiopathic normotensive hydrocephalus
Authors: Sadkovskaya Elizaveta K. , Gavrilov Gaspar V. , Adleyba Batal G. , Radkov Mark N. , Stanishevskiy Artem V. , Svistov Dmitriy V.
Published: January 2023

Idiopathic normotensive hydrocephalus is one of the most common brain diseases in older people. The most urgent issue in the study of normotensive hydrocephalus is its differential diagnosis with other neurodegenerative and vascular pathologies of the brain. Currently, more studies have examined the concentration of biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with idiopathic normotensive hydrocephalus and other brain diseases to understand the pathophysiological processes in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The overwhelming majority of these studies have focused on the biomarkers of the cerebrospinal fluid in only one anatomical area: the ventricles of the brain or the lumbar subarachnoid space. However, only a few studies have conducted a comparative assessment of the composition and concentrations of biomarkers in ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid in the same patients. We believe that the difference in the content of biomarkers in different areas may be crucial in the choice of treatment methods for patients with idiopathic normotensive hydrocephalus. The lumbar cerebrospinal fluid is more pollutedthe content of nearly all biomarkers in the lumbar subarachnoid space is higher than that of the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. Of the two most commonly used basic surgical techniques for the treatment of idiopathic normotensive hydrocephalus, ventriculoperitoneal and lumboperitoneal bypass surgery, preference is given to lumboperitoneal bypass surgery, which avoids complications associated with damage to the parenchyma of the brain and, most importantly, drains the dirtier cerebrospinal fluid with a higher concentration of proteins from the lumbar space. Instead of lumboperitoneal bypass surgery, we proposed a new combination of two surgical proceduresthe combination of endoscopic triventriculocysternostomy and ventriculoperitoneal bypass surgery. With such a combination, we believe that drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles and the subarachnoid space of the cisterns of the base of the brain will be more effective than the traditional ventriculoperitoneal shunting because the concentration of proteins involved in the progression of degenerative diseases of the brain will decrease more actively.
Qualimetric assessment of research and development performance of a higher education institution
Authors: Ivchenko Evgeniy V. , Grigoriev Stepan G. , Ovchinnikov Dmitriу V. , Latypov Ildar F.
Published: January 2023

The study presents an original methodology for assessing the quality of scientific activity of the units of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. As a tool for its solution, we used qualimetric evaluation of all possible areas of scientific activity of departments and criteria that characterize these areas. Qualimetric methods of expert survey and weighting of performance indicators and descriptive statistics were used. Twenty-five experts took part in structuring the scientific performance of the academy. The resulting structure included six main sections, each described by a specific set of attributes. The attributes were both quantitative and qualitative with certain graduations and units of measurement, each of which was assigned a weighting coefficient. The values of the coefficients were expressed in fractions of 1, and the sum was 1. The consistency of the experts proved to be quite high, and the coefficient of concordance was 0.82 (p 0.001). Based on the comprehensive assessment of each division of the academy, a scale score was calculated, which helped in determining the rating of a division. A sigma (using the mean square deviation) estimate was chosen as a scaling tool, which shows that 68% of all complex estimates of the units being evaluated are expected in the range from the arithmetic mean minus sigma to the arithmetic mean plus sigma. That is, units with the value of a complex indicator that falls within this interval are recognized as units with an average assessment of scientific activity. Approximately 16% of units whose value of the complex indicator will be greater than the calculated interval will make up a group of units with scientific activity above the average, and the same number of units whose value of the complex indicator will be less than the calculated interval will make up a group of units with scientific activity as below the average. In general, following the structuring and weighting coefficients, a calculation complex was developed to determine the scientific status of a unit, which was performed using an Excel spreadsheet and can be used, along with the evaluation of educational and methodological activities, in the general evaluation of units.
Functioning of the medical supply system of the troops (force) during operation to restore the constitutional order in the Chechen Republic (1994–1996): lessons and conclusions
Authors: Miroshnichenko Yuri V. , Perfiliev Alexander B. , Ovchinnikov Dmitry V. , Kostenko Natalya L.
Published: January 2023

The study presents the medical service activities in organizing the provision of troops (forces) with medical equipment during the operation to restore constitutional order in the Chechen Republic. To provide medical support to federal troops (forces), appropriate groupings of forces and medical services were created, functioning in three isolated areas. Thanks to the operational and professional work of military pharmaceutical specialists, a medical supply system was formed, involving the three main medical warehouses of the North Caucasus Military District. The paper also showed the work of medical supply units and institutions to provide federal troops (forces) with medical equipment. Issues of the functioning of the medical supply system, optimization of the composition of individual medical equipment of military personnel of the federal troops (forces), and peculiarities of storing medical equipment in the field were successfully resolved by involving the faculty of the Department of Military Medical Supply and Pharmacy of the Military Medical Academy of S.M. Kirov. Moreover, the paper presented the features of personnel provision and stages of medical evacuation with individual and group medical equipment, bags and sets of first aid, premedical, and medical kits. The system of supplying medical equipment to troops (forces) for special-purpose medical units operating in combat areas, evacuation centers, and military hospitals of the North Caucasus Military District was analyzed. Based on the medical support experience for the united grouping of troops (forces) during the operation to restore the constitutional order in the Chechen Republic, ways to improve the provision of complete equipment and technical medical service are proposed.
Modern approaches in the surgical treatment of infectious complications of diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Ivanusa Sergey Yа. , Risman Boris V. , Shaiakhmetov Rauan E.
Published: January 2023

The study analyzed modern Russian and foreign scientific publications devoted to infectious complications in patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot syndrome. The data of the International Diabetes Federation, the state register of patients with diabetes mellitus, demonstrate that the actual prevalence of diabetes mellitus is much higher than the registered data, which predisposes to large annual economic costs for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes mellitus, taking into account the treatment of complications and monitoring the morbidity of the global population. In the treatment of infectious complications in these patients, classical purulent surgeries are widely used, including opening abscesses and phlegmon and drainage of anatomical spaces of the foot. The classifications of infectious complications of diabetic foot syndrome has evolved. Modern surgical methods of treatment of infectious complications in these patients are highlighted. The classical approach to surgical opening and drainage of purulent foci is highly traumatic owing to impaired blood supply and innervation, prolonged postoperative period, and impaired supporting function of the limb, which is irreversible, at least during inpatient stay. The paper also described the use of minimally invasive approaches, including the use of endovide support, for the drainage of deep plantar phlegmon and the performance of staged rehabilitation, including additional treatment methods such as ultrasound cavitation, local application of negative pressure, and ozone therapy.
Comparative analysis of the features of organizing measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the health systems of the Russian Federation and foreign countries
Authors: Sergoventsev Alexander A. , Zobov Andrey  E.
Published: January 2023

The study analyzed available literatures covering the organization of measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the healthcare systems of the Russian Federation and several foreign countries. For the comprehensive assessment of the specifics of organizing measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, countries were chosen based on geographical distances from China (the closest is Korea, and the most remote are the Great Britain and Haiti), maximum population on their continent (the United States is in North America, and Brazil in South America), and significant differences in the functioning of the healthcare systems. The peculiarities of organizing measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the considered countries were associated with a complex of political, financial, economic, demographic, and organizational factors, the individual combination of which determined the peculiarities of the development of the epidemic process in each specific case. Moreover, as a priority manifestation of the severity of these factors, the capabilities of the healthcare system, including the availability of services of medical workers, sufficient number of testing equipment, medical protection equipment, hospital beds, and other parameters, should be considered. The main role was played by global state strategies implemented in the healthcare systems of the analyzed countries at the pre-epidemic stage and, in most cases, aimed at optimizing the financial and economic provisions of state guarantees of medical care. The general criteria for the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 in the national recommendations of all the states considered were respiratory symptoms and general infectious intoxication. In addition, fever and respiratory symptoms were accepted as priority criteria for COVID-19 screening.
Seafloor Observations Eliminate a Landslide as the Source of the 1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami
Authors: ten Brink Uri , Chaytor Jason , Flores Claudia , Wei Yong , Detmer Simon , Lucas Lilian , Andrews Brian , Georgiopoulou Aggeliki
Published: January 2023

The 11 October 1918 devastating tsunami in northwest Puerto Rico had been used as an example for earthquake-induced landslide tsunami hazard. Three pieces of evidence pointed to a landslide as the origin of the tsunami: the discovery of a large submarine landslide scar from bathymetry data collected by shipboard high-resolution multibeam sonar, reported breaks of submarine cable within the scar, and the fit of tsunami models to flooding observations. Newly processed seafloor imagery collected by remotely operated vehicle (ROV) show, however, pervasive Fe–Mn crust (patina) on the landslide walls and floor, indicating that the landslide scar is at least several hundred years old. C14 dates of sediment covering the landslide floor verify this interpretation. Although we have not searched the region systematically for an alternative tsunami source, we propose a possible source—a two-segment normal-fault rupture along the eastern wall of Mona rift. The proposed fault location matches the published normal faults with steep bathymetry and is close to the International Seismological Center–Global Earthquake Model catalog locations of the 1918 mainshock and aftershocks. The ROV observations further show fresh vertical slickensides and rock exposure along the proposed fault trace. Hydrodynamic models from an Mw 7.2 earthquake rupture along the eastern wall of the rift faithfully reproduce the reported tsunami amplitudes, polarities, and arrival times. Our analysis emphasizes the value of close-up observations and physical samples to augment remote sensing data in natural hazard studies.
“Aftershock Faults” and What They Could Mean for Seismic Hazard Assessment
Authors: Parsons Tom , Geist Eric L. , Parsons Sophie E.
Published: January 2023

We study stress-loading mechanisms for the California faults used in rupture forecasts. Stress accumulation drives earthquakes, and that accumulation mechanism governs recurrence. Most moment release in California occurs because of relative motion between the Pacific plate and the Sierra Nevada block; we calculate relative motion directions at fault centers and compare with fault displacement directions. Dot products between these vectors reveal that some displacement directions are poorly aligned with plate motions. We displace a 3D finite-element model according to relative motions and resolve stress tensors onto defined fault surfaces, which reveal that poorly aligned faults receive no tectonic loading. Because these faults are known to be active, we search for other loading mechanisms. We find that nearly all faults with no tectonic loading show increase in stress caused by slip on the San Andreas fault, according to an elastic dislocation model. Globally, faults that receive a sudden stress change respond with triggered earthquakes that obey an Omori law rate decay with time. We therefore term this class of faults as “aftershock faults.” These faults release ∼4% of the moment release in California, have ∼0.1%–5% probability of M 6.7 earthquakes in 30 yr, and have a 0.001%–1% 30 yr M 7.7 probability range.
The seismic response of the Los Angeles basin, California
Authors: Wald David J. , Graves Robert W.
Published: January 2023

Using strong-motion data recorded in the Los Angeles region from the 1992 (Mw 7.3) Landers earthquake, we have tested the accuracy of existing three-dimensional (3D) velocity models on the simulation of long-period (≧2 sec) ground motions in the Los Angeles basin and surrounding San Fernando and San Gabriel Valleys. First, the overall pattern and degree of long-period excitation of the basins were identified in the observations. Within the Los Angeles basin, the recorded amplitudes are about three to four times larger than at sites outside the basins; amplitudes within the San Fernando and San Gabriel Valleys are nearly a factor of 3 greater than surrounding bedrock sites. Then, using a 3D finite-difference numerical modeling approach, we analyzed how variations in 3D earth structure affect simulated waveforms, amplitudes, and the fit to the observed patterns of amplification. Significant differences exist in the 3D velocity models of southern California that we tested (Magistrale et al., 1996; Graves, 1996a; Hauksson and Haase, 1997). Major differences in the models include the velocity of the assumed background models; the depth of the Los Angeles basin; and the depth, location, and geometry of smaller basins. The largest disparities in the response of the models are seen for the San Fernando Valley and the deepest portion of the Los Angeles basin. These arise in large part from variations in the structure of the basins, particularly the effective depth extent, which is mainly due to alternative assumptions about the nature of the basin sediment fill. The general ground-motion characteristics are matched by the 3D model simulations, validating the use of 3D modeling with geologically based velocity-structure models. However, significant shortcomings exist in the overall patterns of amplification and the duration of the long-period response. The successes and limitations of the models for reproducing the recorded ground motions as discussed provide the basis and direction for necessary improvements to earth structure models, whether geologically or tomographically derived. The differences in the response of the earth models tested also translate to variable success in the ability to successfully model the data and add uncertainty to estimates of the basin response given input “scenario” earthquake source models.
Use of fault striations and dislocation models to infer tectonic shear stress during the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake
Authors: Spudich Paul , Guatteri Mariagiovanna , Otsuki Kenshiro , Minagawa Jun
Published: January 2023

Dislocation models of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake derived by Yoshida et al. (1996) show substantial changes in direction of slip with time at specific points on the Nojima and Rokko fault systems, as do striations we observed on exposures of the Nojima fault surface on Awaji Island. Spudich (1992) showed that the initial stress, that is, the shear traction on the fault before the earthquake origin time, can be derived at points on the fault where the slip rake rotates with time if slip velocity and stress change are known at these points. From Yoshida's slip model, we calculated dynamic stress changes on the ruptured fault surfaces. To estimate errors, we compared the slip velocities and dynamic stress changes of several published models of the earthquake. The differences between these models had an exponential distribution, not gaussian. We developed a Bayesian method to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of initial stress from the striations and from Yoshida's slip model. Striations near Toshima and Hirabayashi give initial stresses of about 13 and 7 MPa, respectively. We obtained initial stresses of about 7 to 17 MPa at depths of 2 to 10 km on a subset of points on the Nojima and Rokko fault systems. Our initial stresses and coseismic stress changes agree well with postearthquake stresses measured by hydrofracturing in deep boreholes near Hirabayashi and Ogura on Awaji Island. Our results indicate that the Nojima fault slipped at very low shear stress, and fractional stress drop was complete near the surface and about 32% below depths of 2 km. Our results at depth depend on the accuracy of the rake rotations in Yoshida's model, which are probably correct on the Nojima fault but debatable on the Rokko fault. Our results imply that curved or cross-cutting fault striations can be formed in a single earthquake, contradicting a common assumption of structural geology.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Related to Tuberculosis and Concomitant Infection with Plasmodium Ovale Wallikeri: A Summary
Authors: Skallevold Hans , Godtfredsen Shelley
Published: January 2023

In 2012, a retrospective case report of 60 cases of extreme osteonecrosis in the maxillofacial region collected over a 3-year period, was published. The cases presented in 2 groups. One group showed grey-like necrotic bone, and the other group which was much more plentiful, had swelling and pus draining fistulae associated with the osteonecrosis. A further prospective study of 19 patients collected over a 3-month period was analysed and indicated tuberculosis to be the cause. All 19 cases presented with mandibular lesions. Orofacial tuberculosis is known to be rare. Further studies of the clinical samples with amplified DNA and sequencing, provided direct evidence to support the conclusion that a combination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and oral bacteria are involved in this particular type of maxillofacial destruction. Further studies are planned to elucidate the cause of the “greyish” necrotic bone documented in the paper from 2012.
Potential Mechanisms of Interior Lymphatic Vessel Primo Vessels in Tissue Repair
Authors: Hall Jared , Yates Nicholas , Bauer Philip , Perez-Abadia Gustavo , Maldonado Claudio
Published: January 2023

The Primo Vascular System was discovered by Bong Han Kim in the 1960s when searching for an anatomical correlate of the acupuncture meridians used in eastern medicine. The Primo Vascular System is a systemic network of thread-like Primo-vessels with intermittent enlargements known as Primo-nodes. Primo-vessels are difficult to view under a microscope due to their small diameters (20-50 µm) and translucent appearance. Primo-vessels have a porous outer membrane that encapsulates small channels named Primo sub-vessels filled with flowing fluid. Primo-vessels are classified into six sub-types based on their anatomical location. The physiological mechanisms of Primo-vessel function are not clear. There are multiple hypotheses based on Primo-vessel and Primo-node structure and cell content, however, supportive functional experimental data is lacking. This review focuses on the "interior" lymphatic vessel Primo-vessel (ILVPV) sub-type, the techniques that are used to visualize them, and experimental studies that attempt to unravel their physiological role after inflammatory stimulation. Speculative hypotheses are presented regarding the handling of signals by ILVPVs for intercellular communication between injured cells and cells stored within "interior" lymphatic vessel Primo-nodes (ILVPNs). One of the stored cell types that are of interest for tissue repair are very small embryonic-like cells. Very small embryonic-like cell activation may be induced by biophoton signals emitted by injured cells and transmitted to ILVPNs via Primo-vessel and/or ILVPV networks. An alternative or additional method for intercellular communication may involve the release of signaling proteins and/or extravesicular bodies carrying genetic messages (i.e., exosomes) by cells in injured tissues. As these signaling factors enter the lymphatic circulation, porous ILVPVs filter them out and transport them to ILVPNs where they initiate very small embryonic-like cell activation to start the tissue regenerative process. Primo Vascular System research will require more physiological functional studies to elucidate the role of ILVPVs and ILVPNs in tissue regeneration. To achieve this goal, future mechanistic studies will need novel biomarkers and animal models.
COMPARING INPATIENT REHABILITATION AND HOME-BASED REHABILITATION PRACTICES FOLLOWING ACUTE STROKE: A PROSPECTIVE CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Güzel Şükran , Serçe Azize , Umay Ebru , Gündoğdu İbrahim
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether home-based rehabilitation (HBR) is as effective as inpatient rehabilitation in patients with acute stroke as well as to identify patients at increased risk of mortality/morbidity during rehabilitation.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study included 64 patients with acute stroke who were referred from the neurology service and intensive care units to an inpatient rehabilitation unit (n=28) or HBR programs (n=36). Brunnstrom motor stages, Functional Independence Measure and Stroke Impact Scale scores of all patients were recorded before treatment and 12 weeks after therapy. Evaluation parameters were compared between 2 groups. The presence of any morbidity/mortality that developed during rehabilitation period were recorded. Afterward, all the patients were divided into 3 groups as inpatient, HBR and patients with mortality/morbidity and evaluation parameters before therapy were compared among the groups.RESULTS: At third month, while there was no significant change in all quality of life subscales following HBR, the improvement in all quality of life subscales following inpatient rehabilitation, except for the memory and emotion subscales were significant. At the end of 12th week; 5 (13.90%) of the 36 patients were died, and another 5 (13.90%) had developed a new cerebrovascular disease in HBR group. The memory, communication and emotion subscales scores of 10 patients with mortality/morbidity were significantly lower than the patients without mortality/morbidity in other 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS: To better manage difficult clinical encounters, the physician needs to well identify acute stroke patients who will be referred to inpatient rehabilitation or home exercise group. When choosing a rehabilitation program, physicians may also consider the mortality/morbidity related to memory, communication and emotional scores.
Pseudoaneurysm of the Aortic Root in the Presence of Aortic Valve Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Davarpasand Tahereh , Hosseinsabet Ali , Abbasi Kyomars , Shirani Shapoor
Published: January 2023

Herein, we present a case with clinical and laboratory manifestations of infectious endocarditis but in echocardiography, the ventricular septal defect and bicuspid aortic valve were detected without any vegetation. However, an aortic root pseudoaneurysm was first suspected in transesophageal echocardiography and then confirmed in computed tomography angiography of the aorta that points to importance of searching infectious endocarditis complications even in absence of vegetation.