bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Tacrolimus Improve Nerve Regeneration in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Defect Model
Authors: Panagopoulos Georgios N. , Megaloikonomos Panayiotis D. , Mitsiokapa Evanthia A. , Bami Myrto , Agrogiannis Georgios , Johnson Elizabeth O. , Soucacos Panayotis N. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Mavrogenis Andreas F.
Published: April 2023

This study compared the effect of undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) vs tacrolimus (FK506) in peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve complete transection model. Forty Wistar rats were equally distributed in four groups. In the SHAM surgery group, the sciatic nerve was exposed and no further intervention was done. In the conduit-alone group (the SLN group), a 10-mm nerve gap was created and bridged with a fibrin conduit filled in with normal saline. In the FK506 group, the fibrin conduit was injected with soluble FK506. In the ADSC group, the conduit was impregnated with undifferentiated ADSCs. Nerve regeneration was assessed by means of walking track analysis, electromyography, and neurohistomorphometry. Clinically and microscopically, nerve regeneration was achieved in all groups at 12 weeks. Walking track analysis confirmed functional recovery in the FK506 and ADSC groups, but there was no difference between them. Recovery in function was also achieved in the SLN group, but it was inferior (
P
<.05). Electromyography demonstrated superior nerve regeneration in the FK506 and ADSC groups compared with the SLN group (
P
<.05), with no difference between the FK506 and ADSC groups. Similarly, histology showed no difference between the FK506 and ADSC groups, although both outperformed the SLN group (
P
<.05). No complications were observed. Successful peripheral nerve regeneration can be accomplished after a 10-mm nerve defect treated with nerve conduits. Superior nerve regeneration may be expected when the conduits are loaded with undifferentiated ADSCs or FK506, with similar outcomes for ADSCs and FK506. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(6):e353–e361.]
Postoperative Outcomes in Malleolar Fractures Fixed With a 3.5-mm Locking Compression Plate Hook Plate
Authors: Aziz Hadi , Trout Sally M. , Jethanandani Rishabh , Bub Christine D. , Collins Lewis , Goldman Ariel T.
Published: April 2023

Ankle fractures are among the most common types of fractures seen in the United States. Few studies have analyzed the use of a locking compression plate (LCP) hook plate in the fixation of malleolar fractures. The goal of this study was to analyze postoperative outcomes in malleolar fractures fixed with a 3.5-mm LCP hook plate. A cohort of 74 patients with ankle fractures treated operatively with hook plates between 2011 and 2021 by a single orthopedic surgeon was retrospectively reviewed. Time to union, duration of non–weight bearing, final range of motion, postoperative complications, demographics, and comorbidities were recorded. A total of 66 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. There were 5 isolated medial malleolar, 34 bimalleolar, and 27 trimalleolar fractures. There were 46 women and 20 men with a mean age of 60.9±18.9 years. Fourteen patients had diabetes, 27 had osteoporosis, and 4 were current or former tobacco users. All patients achieved union, with a mean time to union of 10.9±5.3 weeks. The mean time to weight bearing was 50.2±18.4 days. The mean length of follow-up was 8.1±5.6 months. At final follow-up, mean dorsiflexion was 9.9°±4.3° and mean plantarflexion was 14.1°±5.1°. Six patients experienced postoperative complications such as surgical site infections and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. This study demonstrates that the use of a 3.5-mm LCP hook plate in the operative fixation of malleolar fractures has a high rate of union while maintaining low rates of postoperative complications. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(6):340–344.]
A step-by-step guide to simulating an ant-like piezoelectric robot
Authors: Rezaei-Hartmann Nasim , Saive Rebecca
Published: April 2023

This tutorial is about building up a COMSOL model for a robot ant. In this model, we have a robot with a size of a few centimeters and which is based on piezoelectric ceramics. This robot has already been built by the University of Michigan and some COMSOL models only for the legs’ operation are already existing and are published. From what we know, the full ant robot had not been computationally simulated before. Here, we provide a tutorial on how to successfully achieve this task. Furthermore, we uploaded a video on YouTube to visualize the results: https://youtu.be/ePyD8TAQt3I
Thinking About Globalizaton as an Integration Process
Authors: Ma Jen , Dang Hugh
Published: April 2023

For a long time, many studies have been involved with the globalization research among academia, business practitioners, and policy analysts. It is highly controversial on what globalization is about. Scholars and experts explore globalization from a variety of perspectives with an emphasis on business and economic matters. Many recognize that it was complex of examining globalization. Based on the literature reviewed, this study aims at discussing the globalization as an ongoing integration process. By taking an interdisciplinary approach, the article seeks for clarifying the concept of globalization. It is to examine globalization from a globalizing process. The study concludes that globalization is an ongoing process of globalizing culture, economy, and institution towards a global integration.
Energy Efficiency of Concrete with Phase Change Materials
Authors: Vercher Jose , Vidal Tomàs , Redón Miguel , Wentworth Cristina , Lopez Gracia , Borràs Júlia G.
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, our society has the responsibility of reducing the energy consumed in the building sector. A promising technology to achieve this goal is the implementation of thermal energy storage (TES) solutions in buildings envelopes. Phase change materials (PCM) which act as a thermal buffer, take advantage of the melting temperature of the material to change its state, improving building energy efficiency. This work explores and investigates how with a cheap PCM material, such as surf wax, high impact thermal results are obtained. To check and verify this condition, two concrete specimens were prepared with treated PCM aggregate and two without the PCM. The four test cubes were placed in an oven and using thermal sensors, the data about the temperature evolution during the process of heating and cooling was collected for further analysis. The results between the PCM concrete samples and the samples without PCM were compared, verifying the promising performance in terms of energy impact.
Effect of Initial Water Sprinkling Curing on Strength Development of Precast Concrete
Authors: Katsuoka Nana , Sato Tsubasa , Uno Yoshiki , Date Shigeyuki
Published: April 2023

In general, steam curing is applied to improve the productivity of precast concrete products. After steam curing, products are stored outdoors for secondary curing before shipment. However, drying shrinkage and microcrack expansion that occurs during steam curing may impede strength enhancement. On the other hand, water curing is also clearly effective as a secondary curing process. However, installing a water curing pool in a precast concrete plant is not easy due to limited space. Therefore, this study focused on water sprinkling curing, which is relatively easy to perform without such restrictions. In this study, the effects of water sprinkling curing on the physical properties of mortar at the initial age of steam curing were investigated from the aspects of materials, mix proportions, curing conditions, and test piece dimensions. The results showed that water sprinkling curing increased the compressive strength by about 10% compared to curing under air. The effect of water sprinkling curing increased as the specific surface area of the test piece increased.
Preparation and Investigation of Structural and Surface Morphology Properties of ZnO Nanorods for Possible Environmental Applications
Authors: Mohammed Kahtan A.
Published: April 2023

In the present work, Zinc oxide Nanorods (ZnO NRs.) was prepared by using the chemical bath method and separating the resulting precipitate by centrifugation. The most important physical properties of nanorods such as optical, morphological and structural properties were diagnosed and studied by "X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), as well as UV-visible spectroscopy". The results of XRD showed that the prepared material has a hexagonal crystal structure and is of high purity, as there are no peaks due to impurities. The formation of zinc oxide was also proven by means of EDX, the weight ratio of zinc and oxygen was 85% and 15%, respectively. The energy gap of prepared rods was equal 3.3 eV.
Study the Effect of Reaction Time on Preparation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Technique
Authors: Taha Ahmed Basim , Essa Mohammed Shaalan , Chiad Bahaa Toama
Published: April 2023

In this research, a homemade autoclave reactor was used for preparing iron oxide nanoparticles by hydrothermal technique at different reaction times by using ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, and ammonium hydroxide as raw materials. The XRD characterization showed that the nanoparticles of the samples have high crystallinity with the crystal phase of magnetite, furthermore, the crystal phase of hematite appears clearly as the reaction time increased. The SEM results showed when the time of reaction increased the average particle size increased too from 28.1 to 49.2 nm. That means the reaction time is an effective parameter for the nanoparticle's growth, The EDX spectrum verified the confirmation of iron oxide nanoparticles by the appearance of Iron and Oxygen peaks. The FT-IR results showed that all samples have an absorption peak at about 578 cm-1 corresponding to the Fe-O bond stretching modes of the in magnetite and the peak of hematite appeared as the reaction time increased above 2 hours which was confirmed with XRD results. Finally, the reaction time is a powerful tool for controlling in size and phase of nanoparticle preparation. Keywords: Hydrothermal, Iron Oxide, Reaction time, magnetite, and hematite.
Deformation Evaluation of A5052 Sheet Metal in SPIF Process
Authors: Bhandari Krishna Singh , Aziz Shahid , Chen Wen Ning , Li Si Jia , Jung Dong Won
Published: April 2023

The single point incremental forming (SPIF) process is a high-trend method for forming a metal in a desirable shape. Forming parameters is an important part of deforming metal sheets. So, while reshaping a metal sheet parameters like tools, toolpath, material properties, sheet thickness, and lubricant were considered. Since the Aluminum sheet is used world widely for the body parts of machines for manufacturing parts. So, an A5052 metallic sheet was formed for the improvement of the depth deforming through the SPIF process. While forming an A5052 sheet lubricant was used constantly. After deforming through the SPIF process, further evaluations of the formed part were examined with the nanoprofiling machine to evaluate the deformed areas. Moreover, the deformed part was analyzed for the nana profiling for the deformation occurs on the surface. Likewise, before forming a part, the A5052 design was computer analysis. The simulation part was studied for fixing the maximum depth.
Mechanical Evaluation of Geopolymeric Mortars Reinforced with Alpaca Wool Fibers
Authors: Palomino-Ñaupa Cris Katherin , Cuzziramos-Gutiérrez F.A. , Rodríguez-Guillén G.P. , Mayta-Ponce D.L. , Huamán-Mamani Fredy Alberto
Published: April 2023

Reinforced geopolymeric mortars were obtained by mixing mine tailing, fine sand, alpaca wool fibers ( in variable amounts) sodium hydroxide and potable water, it was possible to verify the effect of the addition of alpaca wool on the mechanical behavior in uniaxial compression of the mortars studied. The mechanical data found revealed a systematic decrease in the maximum stress as the volume of wool added in the mortar mixtures manufactured increased. On the other hand, a higher degree of deformation was verified in mixtures with a greater volume of added fibers, reaching deformation values of up to 5%. The maximum strength values were in the range of 4 to 21 MPa for samples with 8 and 0 Vol. % of added fibers, respectively. Among the microstructural characteristics of the mortars studied, a continuous binder phase corresponding to the geopolymer could be appreciated, with sand particles and wool fibers dispersed within the binder phase. The real density and average porosity of the reinforced mortars were 2.65 g/cm3 and 32%, respectively.
Comparative Study of Concrete Reinforced with Polyolefin Fiber
Authors: Rostra Sergio , Vercher Jose , Alonso Miriam , Lerma Carlos , Borràs Júlia G. , Mas Ángeles
Published: April 2023

This research aims to analyze the mechanical behavior of concrete reinforced with polyolefin fibers. The intention is to evaluate the possibility of using concrete as a structural material without steel bars in its interior. For this purpose, specimens with different dosages of polyolefin fibers were prepared, and bending and compression tests were carried out. The results show no significant increase in mechanical strengths, especially in bending, but it is interesting in the mechanical behavior after the first cracking. Controlling cracking is considered beneficial for sustainability.
Correlation of Serum FSH and Rate of Testicular Sperm Retrieval in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia
Authors: Banerjee K , Singla B , Agria K
Published: April 2023

Background:

Sperm retrieval from men with azoospermia has evolved in recent times, providing patient hope for fulfilling their dream of having their own genetic child through testicular sperm extraction followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (TESE-ICSI). In the present study, we are correlating the serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and the rate of testicular sperm retrieval.

Aim:

To correlate the serum FSH levels with surgically retrieved sperms from testes in non-obstructive azoospermia.

Method:

Sixty-six men presenting with male infertility, diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia based on standard guidelines were included in the study. The surgically retrieved tissue was washed in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) gamete buffer media and scanned under an inverted microscope at ×400. Outcome analysis was assessed through sperm retrieval rate.

Result:

Testicular sperms were successfully retrieved in 62% (41/66) of men. Sperm retrieval rate (SRR) with FSH values (Group A <10, Group B 10–20 and Group C >20) mIU/mL were 84% (26/31), 75% (12/16) and 15% (3/19), respectively.

Conclusion:

Chances of sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia using surgically retrieved sperm are as common for men with FSH levels <10 mIU/mL with 84% (26/31) retrieval as for the borderline 10–20 mIU/mL FSH levels with 75% (12/16) retrieval. We do have retrieved sperms with >20 IU/mL serum FSH also which is not a contradiction for TESE for such patients; however, such patient’s need to be counselled about the chances of successful sperm retrieval and the consequent pregnancy outcomes.
Protocol of Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Nurse-Led Intervention on Weight Reduction among Adults with Obesity in Urban Areas of Puducherry
Authors: Krishnasamy V , Jayaram KM , Jayaseelan V
Published: April 2023

Background:

A large percentage of non-communicable diseases are preventable through the reduction of behavioral risk factors which is due to physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. Reducing the burden of obesity is likely to make a substantial impact on mitigating the mortality and morbidity due to non-communicable diseases. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led intervention on weight reduction among urban adults.

Methods:

This trial is a two-arm parallel group randomized controlled trial comparing the intervention arm-nurse-led intervention (NLI, n = 219) with the control arm-general care (GC, n = 219). Participants randomized to the NLI group will receive the interventional package for 12 months which includes health education and motivational strategies during follow-up. Baseline, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups will be conducted to assess primary and secondary outcomes for both arms using the WHO Steps questionnaire. The analysis will use an intention-to-treat approach to examine the change in behavioral and physical and biochemical parameters.

Conclusion:

The nurse-led intervention aims to provide an evidence-based acceptable and flexible support strategy for weight reduction in obese adults. This will impart healthy life skills to adults and also improve their health status and enable an adult to take charge of their health and this will ultimately prevent or delay non-communicable diseases.

Trial Registration:

Clinical Trials Registry India, CTRI/2021/12/038785. Registered prospectively with CTRI on 21/12/2021.
The impact of the diode laser 940 nm photoactivated bleaching on color change of different composite resin restorations
Authors: Mawlood Amal Alaa , Hamasaeed Niaz H.
Published: April 2023

The study's main objective was to evaluate as well as compare the impact of diode laser 940 nm and conventional in-office bleaching technique on the color change of different composite resin restorations. A total of ninety composite resin discs (CRDs) were made from Filtek™ Bulk Fill, nanohybrid composite resin Filtek™ Z550 XT Universal Restorative, and flowable composite resin restoration Filtek™ Z350xt Flowable Composite. Group A: (30) CRD for Filtek™ Bulk Fill, group B: (30) CRD for Filtek™ Z550 XT Universal Restorative, and group C: (30) CRD for Filtek™ Z350xt Flowable Composite. A1, B1, and C1: (10 CRD in each group): Control group without bleaching. A2, B2, and C2: 10 CRD in each group bleached with Laser White20 without laser activation. A3, B3, and C3: 10 CRD in each group bleached with Laser White20 and activated by diode laser 940 nm. The color was evaluated using a dental spectrophotometer. One-way ANOVA was utilized for the comparison of the color stability of the CRD. P < 0.05 is regarded as statically significant. Both conventional and diode laser in-office vital tooth bleaching protocols affected the color stability of composite resin restorations. The result demonstrated that bleaching without laser activation produced color change (mean [8.30], standard deviation [SD] (1.95) P [< 0.001]), whereas the bleaching and activation by diode laser produced color change (mean [8.11], SD [1.99], P [< 0.001]). Both types of bleaching protocol affected composite resin restorations' color stability. In all tested materials, color changes after the bleaching protocol were clinically perceptible. The restorations following the bleaching procedure are required to be replaced by clinicians.
Synthesis of antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactive compounds based on the quinoline-hydrazone and benzimidazole structure
Authors: Cahyana Antonius Herry , Halim Devin , Amaliyah Laely
Published: April 2023

Quinoline and its derivatives are known to have various biological activities such as antibacterial and antioxidant. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize quinoline moiety from isatin and ethyl acetoacetate by Pfitzinger reaction under acidic conditions. The benzimidazole derivative was synthesized from quinoline and o-phenylenediamine by a solvent-less reaction, while the hydrazone derivative was formed by the reaction with hydrazine hydrate and aromatic aldehyde. In addition, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde was used as an aromatic aldehyde. The four compounds formed were characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), melting point measurement, Fourier-transform infrared, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. They were also evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the disc diffusion method, respectively. All compounds showed weak antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid; the quinoline-hydrazone derivative showed the best antioxidant activity with IC50 = 843.52 ppm, while the IC50 value for quinoline-benzimidazole was 4784.66 ppm. All synthesized compounds have not been confirmed to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria in a concentration range of 75–1000 ppm. The bioactive compounds based on the quinoline-hydrazone and benzimidazole structures have been successfully synthesized and tested for their activity as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
Use of factorial design in formulation and evaluation of intrarectal in situ gel of sumatriptan
Authors: Kassab Hanan J. , Alkufi Hussein K. , Hussein Lina S.
Published: April 2023

The study's goal was to create an in situ intrarectal mucoadhesive gel of sumatriptan (SMT) combining mucoadhesive polymer (xyloglucan) and thermosensitive polymers (poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188) to prolong rectal residence time for treatment of migraines. Nine SMT mucoadhesive rectal in situ gel (RIG) formulas were created by mixing poloxamer 407 (18%, 19%, or 20%) with poloxamer 188 (5%), a mucoadhesive polymer at various doses (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) as well as SMT (25 mg/ml). The prepared suppositories underwent for mucoadhesive force, gelation temperature, and gelation time. When SMT and mucoadhesive polymer were added to the poloxamer mixture, the gelation temperature dropped; however, poloxamer 188 had the opposite effect. These polymers supported the prepared liquids' ability to adhere to mucous membranes and form a strong gel. The transition gelation temperature of the poloxamer solution rose as a result of the addition of poloxamer 188. The findings showed that the formula RIG5 which is composed of poloxamer 407 (19%), poloxamer 188 (5%), and xyloglucan (0.2%) had an ideal transition temperature of 36.33°C, gel strength of 44.66°C, mucoadhesive force of 6409°C, and in vitro drug release of 93.98% over an 8-hour period. In light of this, it can be said that SMT was successfully manufactured as RIG without causing any chemical reaction with its additives.
The effect of hyaluronic acid conditioned media on hDPSCs differentiation through CD44 and transforming growth factor-β1 expressions
Authors: Bagio Dini Asrianti , Lestari Nia Agung , Putra Wandy Afrizal , Alinda Sylva Dinie , Ricardo Shalina , Julianto Indah
Published: April 2023

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has the capability to influence dentin niche which is important in regenerative process. The CD44 as a specific receptor of HA was found to be related to dentin mineralization process. Meanwhile, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has a vital role in the transition from proliferation into the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cell human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to become odontoblast cells and dentin mineralization. This study aims to analyzed HA's effect on dentin mineralization through CD44 and TGF-β1 expressions. Stem cells were cultured in four different supplemented conditioned media (control, +10 μg/mL, +20 μg/mL, and + 30 μg/mL of HA). Evaluation of CD44 expression was analyzed using flow cytometry and TGF-β1 was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. Qualitative result using Alizarin red test after 21 days was done to confirm the formation of mineralization nodules. It was shown that HA expression of CD44 and TGF-β1 on hDPSCs were higher in AH groups compared to the control group and 30 μg/mL HA induced the highest TGF-β1 expression on hDPSCs. Alizarin red test also showed the highest mineralization nodules in the same group. Therefore, from this study, we found that supplemented 30 μg/mL of HA was proved in initiating hDPSCs differentiation process and promote dentin mineralization.
Modafinil-excipient compatibility study using differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Omari Derar , Sallam Assayed , Al-Hmoud Hasan , Rashid Iyad
Published: April 2023

Drug excipient compatibility studies are considered important in successful formulation of drug products. Suggested methods for this purpose are thermal techniques under isothermal or nonisothermal conditions. In this study, modafinil, a wakefulness-promoting drug, was investigated under nonisothermal conditions using differential scanning calorimetry. Four different heating rates, 5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min, were performed for modafinil pure material and its physical mixtures with magnesium stearate (MgSt) or Gelucire 48/16. Activation energy (Ea) was calculated from the straight line of plotting a function of heating rate versus temperature and found that modafinil-Gelucire physical mixture increased Ea. This indicates drug-excipient interaction, supported by evidence from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No significant interaction was detected with MgSt.
Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on thyroid glands and hormones in Rattus norvegicus brain
Authors: Zufry Hendra , Rudijanto Achmad , Soeatmadji Djoko Wahono , Sakti Setyawan Purnomo , Munadi Khairul , Sujuti Hidayat , Mintaroem Karyono
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation (MP-EMR) on the thyroid glands and hormones in Rattus norvegicus brain in term of thyroid function, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) concentration. Forty rats were divided into different groups: control (without EMR exposure), EMR1 (120-min/day exposure), EMR2 (150-min), and EMR3 (180-min). The levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and brain and MCT8 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One-way analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test was used to analyze the data. Our data indicated that the levels of serum TSH and T4 in all the EMR groups were lower significant postexposure compared to the control with P < 0.01 (EMR1 and EMR2) and P < 0.001 (EMR3), suggesting hypothyroidism due to MP-EMR exposure. Increased MDA and decreased MCT8 levels were also observed following the intervention; however, the changes in both concentrations were notably significant after being subjected to 150-min and 180-min of exposure. In conclusion, a significant reduction in TSH, T4, and MCT8 levels indicated thyroid dysfunction due to MP-EMR exposure.
Efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients over 75 years of age
Authors: Wang Shuangping , Lu Qifeng , Zhou Yabai , Zhang Hao
Published: April 2023

Background:

To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in elderly choledocholithiasis patients compared with younger groups.

Methods:

This was a case–control study conducted from January 2018 to December 2020 at Fuyang People’s Hospital, with 596 patients included. Patients who underwent ERCP were classified as two groups based on age stratification definitions from the National Institute of Health and the World Health Organisation: Patients <75 ages (n = 204) and patients ≥75 ages (n = 392). Demographic characteristics, details of endoscopic therapy, complications were retrospectively reviewed and compared between two groups. The subgroup was pre-formed to further explore the efficacy and safety of ERCP in the elderly population.

Results:

Between patients ≥75 ages and patients <75 ages, there were no significant differences in the complete stone removal rate and a second ERCP. Intubation difficulty (odds rate [OR]: 1.723, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.118–2.657) and longer ERCP operation time (β = 4.314, 95% CI: 2.366–6.262) were observed in the elderly group at a higher frequency than the younger group. Elder patients were more likely to have intra-operative complications (χ
2 = 18.158, P < 0.001), and post-operative complications (χ
2 = 8.739, P = 0.003). In the subgroup group, ERCP was efficacious and safe in elderly patients with comorbidities.

Conclusions:

ERCP may be efficaciously performed on elderly patients. However, intra-operative and post-operative complications of ECRP should also be taken into consideration when selecting therapeutic options.
Clinical and Pathological Patterns of Non-Epithelial Malignant Ovarian Tumours in Western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Anfinan Nisreen Mohammad , Shaldoom Eman S , Sait Hesham , Baghlaf Omar , Alwazzan Ahmad , Mousa Ahmed , Sait Maram , Alkhalili Bayan , Sait Khalid
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To report a single-center experience in non-epithelial malignant ovarian tumours (NEMOT), by presenting different clinical and pathological characteristics, management and outcomes.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed electronic files of all female patients who underwent surgery for NEMOT at the Gynecology Department of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from July 2003 to July 2019. We collected baseline demographic, anthropomorphic and clinical data; pathological characteristics; management and follow-up data; and outcomes including residual disease, recurrence and last follow-up status (deceased or alive).

Results:

Thirty-three women were included; mean (standard deviation) age = 33.24 (17.72) years, range = 4, 86 years. Granulosa cell tumor was the most frequent subtype diagnosed in 17 (51.5%) patients, followed by germ cell tumours 13 (39.4%). The majority of patients were diagnosed at FIGO Stage I (22, 66.7%) and with tumor Grade 1 (23, 69.7%), while 8 (24.2%) were diagnosed with Grade 3 tumors. Granulosa cell and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours were diagnosed at an older age (mean age = 39.30 vs. 23.92 years) compared to germ cell tumours, respectively (P = 0.012). Two-third of the patients benefited from conservative surgery including oophorectomy + staging, and 16 (48.5%) benefited from chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and platinum being the most common protocol (13, 39.4%) for germ cell tumours. Postoperatively, only 2 (6.1%) patients had residual disease. Recurrence and mortality were reported in one and four patients, respectively, resulting in recurrence rate = 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01%, 15.8%) and mortality rate = 12.1% (95% CI = 3.4%, 28.2%).

Conclusions:

The present series of NEMOT was predominated by sex cord-stromal cell tumors, which were diagnosed in patients with older age, while germ cell tumours were underrepresented. Although survival rates were comparable to those reported internationally, more consideration should be given to following up patients regarding fertility outcomes to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of treatment success and quality of care.
Correlation of Palpation Anterior Fontanometry and Cerebrospinal Fluid Opening Pressure in Early Childhood Hydrocephalus
Authors: Mathew Mesi , Jimoh Abdullahi Onimisi , Mezue Wilfred Chukwuemeka , Uche Enoch Ogbonnaya , Chikani Mark Chukwunweike
Published: April 2023

Background:

The anterior fontanelle (AF) tension has been a traditional clinical method of indirect assessment of intracranial pressure (ICP). How does this time-tested bedside assessment technique compare with an objective ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure?

Objective:

To determine the correlation of palpation anterior fontanometry and CSF opening pressure in early childhood hydrocephalus.

Materials and Methods:

Children diagnosed with hydrocephalus who were planned for CSF diversion using ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunt were prospectively studied over 18 months. The AF tension was assessed by palpation preoperatively and graded. The CSF opening pressure was measured using sterile disposable plastic manometers after ventricular cannulation intraoperatively.

Statistical Analysis:

Data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 21. Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test and ANOVA were used to determine associations based on normality tests. A P < 0.05 was considered significant for associations.

Results:

Fifty-two children were operated on with AF patency rate of 88.5%. Their age ranged between 2 weeks and 18 months with a mean age of 7.1 ± 5.1 months. The fontanelle tension was tense, full and normal in 63.0%, 26.1% and 10.9% of patients, respectively. The mean CSF opening pressure of 20.5 ± 8.5 cm of H2O was higher than the expected ICP for the age group (t-test 4.754,P= 0.000). All 28 patients with CSF opening pressure >15 cm of H2O had a tense fontanelle, but 10.9% of children with raised ICP have normal AF tension.

Conclusion:

The mean ICP increases as palpation AF tension increases, but a normal AF tension does not rule out raised ICP.
Assessment of the Utility of a Screening Tool for COVID-19 Diagnosis in an Accident and Emergency Department in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Otrofanowei Erereoghor , Akase Iorhen Ephraim , Olopade Bolaji Oluwarotimi , Akintan Patricia E. , Ima-Edomwonyi Uyiekpen E. , Akinbolagbe Yeside Olubunmi , Agabi Osigwe Paul , Nmadu Danladi Abraham , Akinbode Gbemileke O. , Opawoye Adefolarin , Olasope C. Aramide , Ogundare Adewale , Bolarinwa B. Abiola , Awojumobi-Otokiti Oluwakemi Elizabeth , Enajeroh Precious J. , Karami Moses , Esezobor Christopher Imokhuede , Olorunfemi Gbenga , Oshodi Yewande O. , Oluwole Ayotunde Ayodeji , Adeyemo Wasiu Lanre , Bode Christopher O.
Published: April 2023

The use of reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard laboratory test for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it has the disadvantage of a long turnaround time and cost. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) formulated a case definition for COVID-19. We sought to determine the utility of a 14-item, point-weighted clinical screening questionnaire adapted from the NCDC case definition in identifying patients more likely to have the disease. This was to aid prompt clinical decision-making.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the data of 113 non-surgical patients presenting to the Accident and Emergency Department (A and E) of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Patients were stratified based on screening scores into low (0–2), moderate (3–5) and high (6) pre-test categories. Patients with low and high scores ≥6 were admitted to the A and E and the COVID-19 holding ward, respectively, while the moderate group had chest computed tomography scans to aid further decision-making, pending the outcome of their RT-PCR results. The validity of the triage score as compared to the RT-PCR test result was calculated and the kappa score of agreement was utilised to evaluate the concordance between two triage scores. The optimum cut-off score was also obtained based on the maximal Younden's index.

Results:

The frequencies of low, moderate and high pre-test scores were 34 (30%), 43 (38.1%) and 36 (31.9%), respectively. Overall, 38.1% (43/113) were RT-PCR positive. RT-PCR was positive in 26.5% (9/34) with low screening scores, 55.8% (24/43) with moderate scores and 27.8% (10/36) with high scores. The sensitivity and specificity of a high score of 6 were 25% and 92.86%, while the lower score of 3 had sensitivity and specificity of 62.5% and 58.6%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The screening tool showed a high specificity in its initial design, which suggests that anyone with a low score using this tool has a high probability of testing negative. We recommend a cut-off score of 4 (score A) or 6 (score B) of the current screening tool be used to increase the chances of identifying persons with COVID-19 for RT-PCR testing.
Algebraic K-Theory
Authors: Geisser Thomas , Hesselholt Lars , Huber-Klawitter Annette , Kerz Moritz
Published: April 2023

Algebraic

K

-theory has seen further progress during the last three years. One important aspect of this recent progress has been a better conceptual understanding of motivic filtrations on

K

-theory and the systematic use of localizing invariants and related concepts. Progress on motivic cohomology has also played an important role concerning foundations as well as applications.
Hilbert Complexes: Analysis, Applications, and Discretizations
Authors: Alonso Rodriguez Ana , Arnold Douglas N. , Pauly Dirk , Rapetti Francesca
Published: April 2023

In this workshop 70 (43 at MFO, 27 online) leading mathematicians from Europe, United States, China, and Australia met at the MFO to discuss and present new developments in the mathematical and numerical analysis including discretizations of Hilbert complexes related to systems of partial differential equations, in particular the well known de Rham complex and the complexes of elasticity and the biharmonic equations. The report at hand offers the extended abstracts of their talks.
The associations of obesity phenotypes with the risk of hypertension and its transitions among middle-aged and older Chinese adults
Authors: Sheng Ziyue , Lou Shang , Cao Jin , Sun Weidi , Shen Yaojia , Xu Yunhan , Ren Ziyang , Liu Wen , Yi Qian , Song Peige
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the associations of obesity phenotypes with hypertension stages, phenotypes, and transitions among middle-aged and older Chinese.METHODS: Using the 2011-2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis included 9,015 subjects and a longitudinal analysis included 4,961 subjects, with 4,872 having full data on the hypertension stage and 4,784 having full data on the hypertension phenotype. Based on body mass index and waist circumstance, subjects were categorized into 4 mutually exclusive obesity phenotypes: normal weight with no central obesity (NWNCO), abnormal weight with no central obesity (AWNCO), normal weight with central obesity (NWCO), and abnormal weight with central obesity (AWCO). Hypertension stages were classified into normotension, pre-hypertension, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension. Hypertension phenotypes were categorized as normotension, pre-hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH). The association between obesity phenotypes and hypertension was estimated by logistic regression. A comparison between different sexes was conducted by testing the interaction effect of sex.RESULTS: NWCO was associated with normal→stage 2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 3.42), maintained stage 1 (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.29), and normal→ISH (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.85). AWCO was associated with normal→stage 1 (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.19), maintained stage 1 (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.06 to 3.72), maintained stage 2 (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.50 to 5.25), normal→ISH (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.02), and normal→SDH (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.72 to 3.75). An interaction effect of sex existed in the association between obesity phenotypes and hypertension stages.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of various obesity phenotypes and sex differences in hypertension progression. Tailored interventions for different obesity phenotypes may be warranted in hypertension management, taking into account sex-specific differences to improve outcomes.
Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular-genetic and risk profiles of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a cohort of Sudanese patients
Authors: Elmalaika Husain Nazik , Mohamed Osman Ihsan , Khalid Ahmed , Abdel Satir Ali , Stoehr Robert , Agaimy Abbas
Published: April 2023

Background: Determining the risk of malignant behaviour and mutational status of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) guide the management decision and allow optimal individualized patient treatment.

Objectives: To determine clinicopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), risk and KIT mutational findings of GISTs in Sudanese patients.

Methods: Histological slides were reviewed, IHC for DOG-1 and CD117 performed and hotspot KIT mutations examined. The risk group was assigned using combined risk criteria.

Results: 21 of the 36 patients (58.3%) were males (mean age, 54.83 ±12.57; range, 26-71). Abdominal pain and mass were the most frequent symptoms. Mean tumor size (±SD) was 11.6(±5.82) cm. Either CD117, DOG1 or both were positive in all cases. Using risk criteria, 33.3% (n=12) were clinically malignant at presentation, 13.9% (n=5) high risk, 16.7% (n=6) intermediate, 27.8% (n=10) low risk and 2.8% (n=1) very low risk. Sixteen of 23 (70%) tested cases had KIT (14 exon 11 and two exon 9) mutations. Six tumors were wild type. Exon 11 deletions (p.I563-L576 del and p.V559-N566delinsD) significantly correlate withdisease recurrence (p-value: 0.028).

Conclusions: Sudanese patients with GIST tend to present late. Nearly half of them correspond to the malignant/high-risk category. The frequency of KIT mutations (79.31%) is in line with the literature.

Keywords: Gastrointestinal stromal tumour; GIST; risk stratification; malignant behaviour; risk assessment; tumour rupture; metastasis; Imatinib; genotyping; KIT; DOG1.
Factors associated with intention to smoke cigarettes among never smoker school going adolescents in Zambia
Authors: Syapiila Paul , Mulenga David , Mazaba Mazyanga , Njunju Erick , Zyambo Cosmas , Chongwe Gershom , Siziya Seter
Published: April 2023

Background: Cigarette smoking intention is a strong predictor of cigarette smoking initiation. There is limited data on predictors of cigarette smoking intentions among adolescents in developing countries.

Objective: To determine factors associated with cigarettes smoking intentions among never-smoked adolescents.

Methods: The study utilized the Zambia 2011 Global Youth Tobacco Survey dataset on adolescents.

Results: Being in grade nine compared to grade seven (AOR 0.43, 95%CI 0.23-0.82). Having a smoking father (AOR 2.38, 95%CI 1.25-453) mother (AOR 11.77, 95%CI 4.16-33.33), or both parents (AOR 7.05, 95%CI 2.91-17.10) showed significantly higher chance of having smoking intentions than having non-smoker parents. Also, having some (AOR 1.97, 95%CI 1.12-3.47), most (AOR 5.37, 95%CI 2.82-10.25), or all (AOR 3.75, 95%CI 1.64-8.56) smoker close friend was significantly associated with smoking intention compared to having none-smoker friends. Being around others who smoked in out-door places 1-2 days(AOR 2.16, 95%CI 1.19-3.93), 5-6 days (AOR 3.21, 95%CI 1.51-6.83) and 7 days/week (AOR 2.73, 95%CI 1.41-5.30) were also associated with one’s intention to smoke cigarettes compared to not being around smokers in outdoor public places 7 days/week.

Conclusion: Having smoking parents, smoking friends or around people who smoke in public places were associated with cigarette smoking intentions among adolescents.

Keywords: Intention; smoke; cigarettes.
The role of clinical and sonographic assessments in pre-operative evaluation of patients with splenic injuries in a resource-limited economy
Authors: U Ogbuanya Aloysius , Nnamdi Chinedu Anyanwu Stanley
Published: April 2023

Background: Splenic trauma has been recognized as the most common cause of preventable deaths amongst trauma patients. Due to paucity of modern diagnostic imaging facilities in our setting, determination of the error rates and role of the simple, available diagnostic approaches are worthwhile and relevant to the practice of general surgery.

Objectives: The aim was to determine the role and diagnostic accuracy of clinical and sonographic assessments of splenic injuries.

Methods: This was a prospective study of the value of pre-operative clinical and sonographic assessments of patients with splenic injuries in our setting.

Results: A total of 111 patients with abdominal trauma were evaluated. Of these, splenic injuries were confirmed in 75 patients intra-operatively, mainly from blunt trauma. Of the 97 cases diagnosed by clinical method, 66(68.0%) were confirmed by intraoperative findings. Similarly, of 86 sonographic diagnoses of splenic injuries, 61 (70.9%) truly had splenic trauma. Sensitivity for sonographic and clinical assessments was 84.7% and 78.9% respectively. False positive and negative rates for clinical (27.3% versus 44.1%) and ultrasonographic (29.1% versus 40.0%) assessments were high.

Conclusions: Majority of splenic injuries were due to blunt abdominal trauma. The two diagnostic methods showed high sensitivity, but performed poorly for other validity tests.

Keywords: Preoperative evaluation; laparotomy; spleen.
The Gasul Phenomenon Still Alive in the Developing World: A Case Report
Authors: Ahmed Muluken , Nasir Mohammed , Tmrat Shibikom
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: In child, ventricular septal defect is the most prevalent congenital cardiac disease. Some ventricular septal defects have the potential for spontaneous closure. In poor nations closure based on indications may not be feasible. The patient's natural course may therefore be observed. The Gasul phenomenon, a right ventricular outflow obstruction, is one of the complications.CASE PRESENTATION: A 7-year-old child who had recurrent pneumonia, poor weight gain, and excessive sweating eventually had these symptoms go away. A large peri membranous ventricular septal defect and a small patent ductus arteriosus was detected on echocardiography during infancy. Later, the patient acquired a muscular ridge across the right ventricular outflow tract. Muscular ridge excision and closure of patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect were done. Patient was discharged in stable condition.CONCLUSION: Right ventricular outflow tract blockage can be avoided by performing early surgical closure of a ventricular septal defect.
Leadership Styles and Employees’ Job Performance at Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Kolade Kamilu , Ajayi Iyanuoluwa Simeon , Adenuga Olufunmilola Oyinade , Obayelu Abiodun Elijah
Published: April 2023

The study examined leadership styles and employees’ job performance in the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN). A total of 120 employees were  chosen at random from among the 900 FRIN employees. Percentages, means, standard deviation and regression were used for the analysis. Results  showed that the majority (89.2%) of the employees displayed transformational leadership styles while 87.5% of the employees were democratic in their  leadership styles. Indicators of autocratic leadership style include: superiors telling subordinates what to do, how to do it, and when they want it done (x̄  =3.6). Indicators of laissez-faire leadership style include employees responsible for defining his or her own job ( x̄ = 3.01). Aspects of job performance  influenced by the leadership styles of employees include: efficiently managing information and data ( x̄ = 4.10) and achieving deadlines ( x̄ = 4.10).  Transformational (78.5%) and democratic styles (54.3%) caused (variations in employee job performance. The organization made used of  transformational and democratic leadership styles more than other leadership styles. The organisation should encourage the use of the two styles and  mix it with other leadership styles where necessary in order to improve the administrative strength and achievement of organisational goals