bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Repeated Sprint Ability and Force–Velocity Profile in Elite and Subelite Female Field Hockey Players
Authors: Rivera Carlos , González-Frutos Pablo , Naclerio Fernando , Mallo Javier , Veiga Santiago
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to compare two female field hockey teams of different competitive levels by analyzing kinematic variables in repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests and the force-velocity profile (FVP). Twenty-five female hockey players representing the elite and subelite levels from the same club volunteered to participate. The RSA protocol included six 30 m maximal sprints with a 30 s recovery. Kinematic variables, such as sprint time, step frequency, and step length, were analyzed for each sprint. Additionally, players performed counter-movement jumps (CMJs) and CMJs with 50% body weight (CMJ50s) to calculate the FV50 using the Bosco Index. The elite players showed better (≈2%; p < 0.05) fatigue indexes in sprint time (0–30 m and 0–10 m sections), step length (0–10 m, 10–20 m, and 20–30 m sections), and step frequency (20–30 m section) during the RSA test, as well as greater values (>10%; p < 0.05) in the CMJ50 and FV50 tests. In addition, these RSA (sprint time, step frequency, and step length) and jumping (CMJ, CMJ50, and FV50) variables showed a moderate, significant, or very significant relationship with each other. Therefore, it seems that both strength and speed capacities can be used either in conjunction or as a complementary approach to enhance the overall RSA performance.
Three-Dimensional MT Conductive Anisotropic and Magnetic Modeling Using A − ϕ Potentials Employing a Mixed Nodal and Edge-Based Element Method
Authors: Zhou Zongyi , Yi Mingkuan , Zhou Junjun , Cheng Lianzheng , Song Tao , Gong Chunye , Yang Bo , Xiao Tiaojie
Published: October 2024

Magnetotelluric (MT) sounding is a geophysical technique widely utilized in mineral resource surveys, where conductivity and magnetic permeability serve as essential physical parameters for forward modeling and inversion. However, the effects of conductive anisotropy and non-zero magnetic susceptibility are usually ignored. In this study, we present a three-dimensional (3D) MT modeling algorithm using Coulomb-gauged electromagnetic potentials, incorporating a mixed nodal and edge-based finite element method capable of simulating MT responses for conductive anisotropic and magnetic anomalies. Subsequently, the algorithm’s accuracy was validated in two steps: first, it was compared with analytical solutions for a 1D magnetic model; then, a comparison was made with previously published numerical results for a 3D generalized conductive anisotropic model. The results of two tests show that the maximum relative error is below 0.5% for both models. Furthermore, representative models were computed to comprehensively analyze the responses of MT. The findings illustrate the relationship between anisotropic parameters and electric fields and emphasize the significance of considering the impact of magnetic susceptibility in magnetite-rich regions.
Development of an Automatic Rock Mass Classification System Using Digital Tunnel Face Mapping
Authors: Lee Hyun-Koo , Song Myung-Kyu , Jeong Young-Oh , Lee Sean Seung-Won
Published: October 2024

To mitigate unforeseen incidents, such as key block failure or tunnel collapse during excavation, an appropriate support pattern that correlates with the geological conditions of the rock mass at the tunnel face should be designed. Rock mass evaluations should be conducted through geological face mapping during the construction phase, alongside predictions based on field investigations during the design phase. When marked discrepancies are identified, it is customary to convene an on-site evaluation involving a committee of experts. This study develops a digital tunnel face mapping system that utilises mobile devices to facilitate online evaluations during the construction phase. This system effectively replaces the traditional on-site field evaluation method. Tunnel face mapping can be promptly accomplished using images captured at the excavation face, enabling rapid analysis. In conjunction with the mapping capabilities, the developed system was designed to digitally store geological information, which includes parameters such as rock strength distribution, the spacing and length of discontinuities observed during the mapping process, as well as data pertaining to weathering and the groundwater conditions of those discontinuities. This information was then correlated with the rock mass rating sheet to automate the determination of ratings for each parameter, ultimately leading to a conclusive classification of the rock mass quality. By employing this system for tunnel face mapping and rock quality evaluation, we significantly reduced the discrepancies in the evaluation results that often arise due to the subjective judgement of geologists, as well as human errors that can occur throughout the rating process.
Rock Fracturing Characteristics and Roadway Expansion Application of Static Crushing Agent under Multi-Row Drilling Condition
Authors: Yuan Ruifu , Lian Zhongwen , Zhang Qunlei , Li Mengzhuo , Li Hui , Li Yexin , Wu Wanying
Published: October 2024

Static crushing agent (SCA) offers advantages such as good safety, no harmful gases, and minimal vibration, making SCA ideal for rock crushing in mines or underground engineering. To scientifically implement the section expansion of mine roadway, the rock mechanical parameters, SCA expansion properties, and cracking behavior of surrounding rock were investigated using laboratory tests, numerical simulations, and field experiments. Results indicate that the smaller hole spacing of SCA improves the fracturing effect on rock mass, reduces the required fracture initiation stress and penetration stress, and the presence of a free surface aids in fracture development in the rock mass. Optimal borehole design parameters and spacing distributions of the SCA were determined, and corresponding construction techniques of roadway expansion were proposed. Field tests demonstrate that static crushing technology, under multi-row drilling conditions, is highly effective for rock roadway expansion projects. These findings provide valuable guidance for non-explosive expansion and other roof breaking treatment projects.
Application of Label Correlation in Multi-Label Classification: A Survey
Authors: Huang Shan , Hu Wenlong , Lu Bin , Fan Qiang , Xu Xinyao , Zhou Xiaolei , Yan Hao
Published: October 2024

Multi-Label Classification refers to the classification task where a data sample is associated with multiple labels simultaneously, which is widely used in text classification, image classification, and other fields. Different from the traditional single-label classification, each instance in Multi-Label Classification corresponds to multiple labels, and there is a correlation between these labels, which contains a wealth of information. Therefore, the ability to effectively mine and utilize the complex correlations between labels has become a key factor in Multi-Label Classification methods. In recent years, research on label correlations has shown a significant growth trend internationally, reflecting its importance. Given that, this paper presents a survey on the label correlations in Multi-Label Classification to provide valuable references and insights for future researchers. The paper introduces multi-label datasets across various fields, elucidates and categorizes the concept of label correlations, emphasizes their utilization in Multi-Label Classification and associated subproblems, and provides a prospect for future work on label correlations.
Influence of Neuromuscular Activity and Technical Determinants on Scull Rowing Performance
Authors: Pitto Lorenzo , Ertel Geoffrey N. , Simon Frédéric R. , Gauchard Gérome C. , Mornieux Guillaume
Published: October 2024

Rowing is a complex sport where technique can significantly impact performance. A better understanding of the rowers’ technique and neuromuscular activations during scull rowing, along with their impact on rowing performance, could greatly help trainers and athletes. Twelve male rowers were asked to row at their competitive stroke rate, and we collected data describing neuromuscular activations, trunk and arm kinematics, as well as technical determinants such as oar angles and angle asymmetries. We fitted linear mixed-effect models to investigate the effects of these variables on power production and boat speed. A larger effective angle had the greatest positive effect on power output, and slip angles had the largest negative effects. Increased elbow flexion at catch had the greatest negative effect on speed. Angle asymmetries affected neither power nor speed. Increased upper limb neuromuscular activity during the first and third quarters of the drive phase helped reduce slip angles, thus increasing performance. Power and speed were influenced similarly by the predictor variables. Still, they showed subtle differences, indicating that the strategies to maximize power production might not be the best ones to also achieve the maximum speed.
‘The Cultural Mediator between the North and the South, the East and the West’: The 1930 Official Exhibition of Austrian Art in Warsaw
Authors: Kossowska Irena
Published: October 2024

This article explores the official exhibition of Austrian art held in May 1930 at The Society for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts in Warsaw. Showcasing 474 artworks by 100 artists, the exhibition spanned the years 1918–1930, a period marked by Austria’s efforts to overcome post-war political isolation. The article examines the exhibition’s rhetoric and its critical reception in Warsaw within the broader context of Polish–Austrian diplomatic relations, influenced by Austria’s challenging political and economic situation and the priorities of the Second Polish Republic. The introductory essay in the exhibition catalogue, authored by Hans Tietze, emphasized Vienna’s seminal role as a cultural center at the crossroads of European artistic trends. This approach aligned with the cultural diplomacy of Johannes Schober’s government, which aimed to underscore a rhetoric of openness to the cultures of other nations, particularly the successors of the Habsburg Empire. This contrasted with the later identity policy of the Bundesstaat Österreich, which elevated Tyrol as emblematic of the core German–Austrian identity constructed in the new state. The analysis reveals that the exhibition represented the peak of Polish–Austrian cultural relations during the interwar years, suggesting the potential for broader engagement. However, this potential was short-lived, ultimately thwarted by the Anschluss of Austria to Germany in 1938.
A Methodological Approach to Improving Extreme Precipitation Reanalysis Data Using the Clausius-Clapeyron Relationship: A Case Study in a Mediterranean City
Authors: Papadopoulos-Zachos Alexandros , Anagnostopoulou Christina
Published: October 2024

Climate change is a crucial issue of the 21st century, leading to more frequent and severe extreme precipitation events globally. These events result in significant social and economic disruptions, including flooding, loss of life, and damage to infrastructure. Projections suggest that extreme rainfall will intensify in the latter half of the century, underscoring the need for accurate and timely forecasting. Despite advancements in meteorological and climate models that offer high accuracy for various weather parameters, these models still struggle to detect extreme values, particularly for precipitation. This research examines the sensitivity of extreme precipitation events to temperature, based on the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship, focusing on Thessaloniki, Greece. It also evaluates the effectiveness of reanalysis data in identifying extreme precipitation and explores how rainfall-temperature relationships can enhance prediction accuracy. The findings are vital for improving the estimation of extreme rainfall events and informing the design of flood-resilient infrastructure.
Older Adult Fall Risk Prediction with Deep Learning and Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test Data
Authors: Maiora Josu , Rezola-Pardo Chloe , García Guillermo , Sanz Begoña , Graña Manuel
Published: October 2024

Falls are a major health hazard for older adults; therefore, in the context of an aging population, predicting the risk of a patient suffering falls in the near future is of great impact for health care systems. Currently, the standard prospective fall risk assessment instrument relies on a set of clinical and functional mobility assessment tools, one of them being the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Recently, wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) have been proposed to capture motion data that would allow for the building of estimates of fall risk. The hypothesis of this study is that the data gathered from IMU readings while the patient is performing the TUG test can be used to build a predictive model that would provide an estimate of the probability of suffering a fall in the near future, i.e., assessing prospective fall risk. This study applies deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) to build such predictive models based on features extracted from IMU data acquired during TUG test realizations. Data were obtained from a cohort of 106 older adults wearing wireless IMU sensors with sampling frequencies of 100 Hz while performing the TUG test. The dependent variable is a binary variable that is true if the patient suffered a fall in the six-month follow-up period. This variable was used as the output variable for the supervised training and validations of the deep learning architectures and competing machine learning approaches. A hold-out validation process using 75 subjects for training and 31 subjects for testing was repeated one hundred times to obtain robust estimations of model performances At each repetition, 5-fold cross-validation was carried out to select the best model over the training subset. Best results were achieved by a bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM), obtaining an accuracy of 0.83 and AUC of 0.73 with good sensitivity and specificity values.
Assessment of Thermal Influence on an Orthodontic System by Means of the Finite Element Method
Authors: Petrescu Stelian-Mihai-Sever , Rauten Anne-Marie , Popescu Mihai , Popescu Mihai Raul , Popa Dragoș Laurențiu , Ilie Dumitru , Duță Alina , Răcilă Laurențiu Daniel , Vintilă Daniela Doina , Buciu Gabriel
Published: October 2024

The development of the finite element method (FEM) combined block polynomial interpolation with the concepts of finite difference formats and the variation principle. Because of this combination, the FEM overcomes the shortcomings of traditional variation methods while maintaining the benefits of current variation methods and the flexibility of the finite difference method. As a result, the FEM is an advancement above the traditional variation methods. The purpose of this study is to experimentally highlight the thermal behavior of two stomatognathic systems, one a control and the other presenting orthodontic treatment by means of a fixed metallic orthodontic appliance, both being subjected to several thermal regimes. In order to sustain this experimental research, we examined the case of a female subject, who was diagnosed with Angle class I malocclusion. The patient underwent a bimaxillary CBCT investigation before initiating the orthodontic treatment. A three-dimensional model with fully closed surfaces was obtained by using the InVesalius and Geomagic programs. Like the tissues examined in the patient, bracket and tube-type elements as well as orthodontic wires can be included to the virtual models. Once it is finished and geometrically accurate, the model is exported to an FEM-using program, such as Ansys Workbench. The intention was to study the behavior of two stomatognathic systems (with and without a fixed metallic orthodontic appliance) subjected to very hot food (70 °C) and very cold food (−18 °C). From the analysis of the obtained data, it was concluded that, following the simulations carried out in the presence of the fixed metallic orthodontic appliance, significantly higher temperatures were generated in the dental pulp.
Inserting CTL Epitopes of the Viral Nucleoprotein to Improve Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Recombinant Protein against Influenza A Virus
Authors: Shuklina Marina , Stepanova Liudmila , Ozhereleva Olga , Kovaleva Anna , Vidyaeva Inna , Korotkov Alexandr , Tsybalova Liudmila
Published: October 2024

Conserved influenza virus proteins, such as the hemagglutinin stem domain (HA2), nucleoprotein (NP), and matrix protein (M), are the main targets in the development of universal influenza vaccines. Previously, we constructed a recombinant vaccine protein Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs containing the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) and the aa76–130 sequence of the second HA subunit as target antigens. It demonstrated immunogenicity and broad protection against influenza A viruses after intranasal and parenteral administration. This study shows that CD8+ epitopes of NP, inserted into a flagellin-fused protein carrying M2e and HA2, affect the post-vaccination immune humoral response to virus antigens without reducing protection. No differences were found between the two proteins in their ability to stimulate the formation of follicular Th in the spleen, which may contribute to a long-lasting antigen-specific humoral response. The data obtained on Balb/c mice suggest that the insertion of CTL NP epitopes into the flagellin-fused protein carrying M2e and HA2 reduces the antibody response to M2e and A/H3N2. In C57Bl6 mice, this stimulates the formation of NP-specific CD8+ Tem and virus-specific mono- and multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ Tem in the spleen and completely protects mice from influenza virus subtypes A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H3N2.
A Hybrid Nonlinear Whale Optimization Algorithm with Sine Cosine for Global Optimization
Authors: Xu Yubao , Zhang Jinzhong
Published: October 2024

The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is constructed on a whale’s bubble-net scavenging pattern and emulates encompassing prey, bubble-net devouring prey, and stochastic capturing for prey to establish the global optimal values. Nevertheless, the WOA has multiple deficiencies, such as restricted precision, sluggish convergence acceleration, insufficient population variety, easy premature convergence, and restricted operational efficiency. The sine cosine algorithm (SCA) constructed on the oscillation attributes of the cosine and sine coefficients in mathematics is a stochastic optimization methodology. The SCA upgrades population variety, amplifies the search region, and accelerates international investigation and regional extraction. Therefore, a hybrid nonlinear WOA with SCA (SCWOA) is emphasized to estimate benchmark functions and engineering designs, and the ultimate intention is to investigate reasonable solutions. Compared with other algorithms, such as BA, CapSA, MFO, MVO, SAO, MDWA, and WOA, SCWOA exemplifies a superior convergence effectiveness and greater computation profitability. The experimental results emphasize that the SCWOA not only integrates investigation and extraction to avoid premature convergence and realize the most appropriate solution but also exhibits superiority and practicability to locate greater computation precision and faster convergence speed.
A Wireless and Wearable Multimodal Sensor to Non-Invasively Monitor Transabdominal Placental Oxygen Saturation and Maternal Physiological Signals
Authors: Nguyen Thien , Park Soongho , Sodager Asma , Park Jinho , Gallo Dahiana M. , Luo Guoyang , Romero Roberto , Gandjbakhche Amir
Published: October 2024

Poor placental development and placental defects can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth. This study introduces two sensors, which use a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique to measure placental oxygen saturation transabdominally. The first one, an NIRS sensor, is a wearable device consisting of multiple NIRS channels. The second one, a Multimodal sensor, which is an upgraded version of the NIRS sensor, is a wireless and wearable device, integrating a motion sensor and multiple NIRS channels. A pilot clinical study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the two sensors in measuring transabdominal placental oxygenation in 36 pregnant women (n = 12 for the NIRS sensor and n = 24 for the Multimodal sensor). Among these subjects, 4 participants had an uncomplicated pregnancy, and 32 patients had either maternal pre-existing conditions/complications, neonatal complications, and/or placental pathologic abnormalities. The study results indicate that the patients with maternal complicated conditions (69.5 ± 5.4%), placental pathologic abnormalities (69.4 ± 4.9%), and neonatal complications (68.0 ± 5.1%) had statistically significantly lower transabdominal placental oxygenation levels than those with an uncomplicated pregnancy (76.0 ± 4.4%) (F (3,104) = 6.6, p = 0.0004). Additionally, this study shows the capability of the Multimodal sensor in detecting the maternal heart rate and respiratory rate, fetal movements, and uterine contractions. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of the two sensors in the real-time continuous monitoring of transabdominal placental oxygenation to detect at-risk pregnancies and guide timely clinical interventions, thereby improving pregnancy outcomes.
Vision Communication and Firm Quality Performance: The Mediating Role of Employee Involvement and the Moderating Effect of Leader Support
Authors: Ji Dan , Gong Jiankun , Guo Zheng
Published: October 2024

Vision communication (VC) is an important way for leaders to express their ideas about a blueprint of the future to convince employees that their work is valuable and meaningful in total quality management. This research studies the influence of vision communication (VC) on quality performance (QP) through the mediation of total employee involvement (EI) and the moderation of leader support (LS). With the use of Smartpls 3.0, the collected data based on 2996 samples in Shanghai were used to analyze the various constructs. The results show that both VC and EI affect QP and should be influenced by LS. EI was found to partially mediate the relationship between VC and QP. The results also demonstrate that EI can positively affect improvement in QP via stronger LS and that high-level employee involvement is positively associated with quality performance when leader support is high (vs. low). This research can be inferred as one of the very limited empirical analyses that explored the mediating impact of EI on VC and QP. In the quality management (QM) field, the exploration of the moderating effect of LS on the mediation of the EI between VC and QP can be viewed to be a significant theoretical finding. The findings will be instrumental in assisting managers and administrators in understanding the significance of vision communication and leader support in quality management practice.
Preschool Teachers’ Attitudes about Inclusive Education and Its Influencing Factors in China
Authors: Peng Xiaomei , Long Toby , Su Xueyun
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe the current status of preschool teachers’ attitudes about inclusive education and discuss the factors that influence these attitudes. Methods: A total of 449 preschool teachers who have students with disabilities or special educational needs in their classrooms and 638 teachers without students with disabilities or special educational needs in their classrooms volunteered to complete the online survey. The survey included two components: a Basic Information Questionnaire and the Early Childhood Inclusive Education Attitude Questionnaire (ECIEAQ). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA. Results: Scores in the two dimensions of Positivity and Promotion were higher than those in the two dimensions of Resistance and Passivity, indicating an overall positive attitude about inclusive education. Attitudes about inclusive education significantly differed by gender, preschool location, inclusive education training opportunities, and receipt of a special education financial allowance. Inclusive class teachers who are female, aged over 30, teach classes with a child-to-teacher ratio of more than 14, and who work in urban areas show higher levels of Promotion or Resistance than general class teachers. Conclusions: Overall, preschool teachers hold a positive attitude about inclusive education. Training opportunities and a special education financial allowance should be provided to foster positive attitudes. Certain groups of inclusive class teachers may need more support and resources to implement inclusive education.
Compensating for Concrete Shrinkage with High-Calcium Fly Ash
Authors: Barabanshchikov Yurii , Krotova Vasilia , Usanova Kseniia
Published: October 2024

Shrinkage of concrete during hardening is a serious problem in attempts to maintain the integrity of concrete structures. One of the methods of combating shrinkage is compensating for it using an expansive agent. The purpose of this work is to develop and study an expanding agent to concrete, including high-calcium fly ash and calcium nitrate as an expansion activator. The content of Ca(NO3)2 can be used to regulate the degree of expansion of the additive itself during hydration and, accordingly, to control shrinkage, thus obtaining shrinkage-free or expanding concrete. Shrinkage–expansion deformations of concrete can also be regulated by the amount of expanding additive replacing part of the cement. With the Ca(NO3)2 content of fly ash being 10% or more, concrete experiences expansion in the initial stages of hardening. The transition of deformation through 0 to the shrinkage region occurs depending on the composition and content of the additive after 8–15 days of hardening. It has been established that replacing cement with pure fly ash with a curing period of 90 days or more has virtually no effect on the strength of concrete, either in bending or in compression. The use of an expanding additive containing 5–15% Ca(NO3)2 reduces the strength of concrete by an average of 9%, despite the fact that calcium nitrate is a hardening accelerator.
Production Sequencing and Layout Optimization of Precast Concrete Components under Mold Resource Constraints
Authors: Liang Junyong , Cao Zhifang , Zu Qingzhi , Huang Hua , Guo Shunsheng
Published: October 2024

Precast concrete components have attracted a lot of attention due to their efficient production on off-site production lines. However, in the precast component production process, unreasonable production sequence and mold layout will reduce production efficiency and affect the workload balance between each process. Due to the multi-species and small-lot production characteristics of precast concrete components, the number of molds corresponding to each precast concrete component is generally limited. In this paper, a production sequence and layout optimization model for assembling precast concrete components under a limited number of molds is proposed, aiming to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the mold tables and balance the workload between each production process of precast components. In order to obtain a better production sequence and a richer combination of mold layout schemes, a multi-objective teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm based on the Pareto dominance relation is developed, and an enhancement mechanism is embedded in the proposed algorithm. To verify the superior performance of the enhanced teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm in improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the mold tables and balancing the workload between various processes, three different sizes of precast concrete component production cases are designed. The research results show that the proposed model and optimization algorithm can help production managers to efficiently formulate more reasonable precast component production sequence and layout schemes, especially for those enterprises that are struggling to improve the efficiency of precast concrete component production.
Requirements of the Vapour Barrier in Wood-Frame Walls
Authors: Hansen Søren Schaldemann , Thomsen Martin Aagaard , Morelli Martin , Rasmussen Torben Valdbjørn
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the water-vapour diffusion resistance (Z-value) of vapour versus wind barriers by determining their Z-value ratio in exterior wood-frame walls thermally insulated with six different materials to prevent mould growth. Using WUFI Pro, the water-vapour diffusion resistance requirements were determined for thermal insulation using mineral wool and biogenic materials: wood fibre, straw, flax, grass, and hemp. Hygrothermal simulations determine the minimum Z-value ratio between these materials with vapour versus wind barriers in temperate and cold climates. Wind barriers with Z-values between 1 and 8 GPa s m2/kg were used in walls with U-values of 0.15 and 0.10 W/m2 K. The indoor moisture load was defined from classes of 1 to 5 with a U-value of 0.15 W/m2 K and classes of 2 and 3 were used for a U-value of 0.10 W/m2 K. The Z-value ratio depends on the Z-values of the wind barrier and thermal insulation material, moisture load class, and U-value. The required Z-value ratio declines with an increased wind-barrier Z-value. The vapour-barrier Z-value approaches a fixed threshold for wind-barrier Z-values approaching lower values (1 GPa s m2/kg) and those approaching higher values (8 GPa s m2/kg), depending on the thermal insulation material. This parameter study examines wind barriers with a Z-value ranging between 1 and 8 GPa s m2/kg, which characterises typical wind barriers used in Denmark For the water-vapour diffusion resistance requirement of the vapour barrier, the Z-value increases for increased moisture load classes and thermally insulated walls with lower U-values. The conversion between the Z-value, the Sd-value, and the water-vapour resistance factor µ can be found in DS/EN ISO 12572:2016.
Dosimetric Comparison and Selection Criteria of Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Adaptive Re-Plan in T3-4 Nasopharynx Cancer Patients
Authors: Ko Mincheol , Yang Kyungmi , Ahn Yong Chan , Ju Sang Gyu , Oh Dongryul , Kim Yeong-bi , Kwon Dong Yeol , Park Seyjoon , Lee Kisung
Published: October 2024

Background: Proton therapy requires caution when treating patients with targets near neural structures. Intuitive and quantitative guidelines are needed to support decision-making concerning the treatment modality. This study compared dosimetric profiles of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using helical tomotherapy (HT) for adaptive re-planning in cT3-4 nasopharyngeal cancer (NPCa) patients, aiming to establish criteria for selecting appropriate treatment modalities. Methods: HT and IMPT plans were generated for 28 cT3-4 NPCa patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy. Dosimetric comparisons were performed for target coverage and high-priority organs at risk (OARs). The correlation between dosimetric parameters and RT modality selection was analyzed with the target OAR distances. Results: Target coverages were similar, while IMPT achieved better dose spillage. HT was more favorable for brainstem D1, optic chiasm Dmax, optic nerves Dmax, and p-cord D1. IMPT showed advantages for oral cavity Dmean. Actually, 14 IMPT and 14 HT plans were selected as adaptive plans, with IMPT allocated to most cT3 patients (92.9% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.013). The shortest distances from the target to neural structures were negatively correlated with OAR doses. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were carried out to discover the optimal cut-off values of the shortest distances between the target and the OARs (temporal lobes and brainstem), which were 0.75 cm (AUC = 0.908, specificity = 1.00) and 0.85 cm (AUC = 0.857, specificity = 0.929), respectively. Conclusions: NPCa patients with cT4 tumor or with the shortest distance between the target and critical neural structures < 0.8 cm were suboptimal candidates for IMPT adaptive re-planning. These criteria may improve resource utilization and clinical outcomes.
A Novel Chimeric Oncolytic Virus Mediates a Multifaceted Cellular Immune Response in a Syngeneic B16 Melanoma Model
Authors: Glauß Sonja , Neumeyer Victoria , Hanesch Lorenz , Marek Janina , Hartmann Nina , Wiedemann Gabriela M. , Altomonte Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. We have previously described a recombinant hybrid oncolytic virus (OV), VSV-NDV, which has a favorable safety profile and therapeutic immunogenicity, leading to direct oncolysis, abscopal effects, and prolonged survival in syngeneic in vivo tumor models. While OVs are known to mediate systemic anti-tumor immune responses, the detailed characterization of local and systemic immune responses to fusogenic oncolytic virotherapy remains unexplored. Methods and Results: We analyzed immune cell compartments in the spleen, blood, tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), and tumors over the course of VSV-NDV therapy in a bilateral syngeneic melanoma mouse model. Our results revealed significant local infiltration and activation of T lymphocytes in tumors and globally in the blood and spleen. Notably, in vivo CD8+ T cell depletion led to complete abrogation of the tumor response, highlighting the crucial role of T cells in promoting the therapeutic effects of oncolytic VSV-NDV. In vitro co-culture experiments enabled the interrogation of human immune cell responses to VSV-NDV-mediated oncolysis. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were efficiently stimulated by exposure to VSV-NDV-infected cancer cells, which recapitulates the in vivo murine findings. Conclusions: Taken together, these data characterize a broad anti-tumor immune cell response to oncolytic VSV-NDV therapy and suggest that CD8+ T cells play a decisive role in therapeutic outcome, which supports the further development of this chimeric vector as a multimechanistic immunotherapy for solid cancers.
Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma: The Molecular Landscape and Treatment Advances
Authors: Pucko Emanuela , Sulejczak Dorota , Ostrowski Robert P.
Published: October 2024

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is most often found in patients with TSC (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex). Although it has been classified as a benign tumor, it may create a serious medical problem leading to grave consequences, including young patient demise. Surgery and chemotherapy belong to the gold standard of treatment. A broader pharmacological approach involves the ever-growing number of rapalogs and ATP-competitive inhibitors, as well as compounds targeting other kinases, such as dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and CK2 kinase inhibitors. Novel approaches may utilize noncoding RNA-based therapeutics and are extensively investigated to this end. The purpose of our review was to characterize SEGA and discuss the latest trends in the diagnosis and therapy of this disease.
Planned and Unplanned Sarcoma Resections: Comparative Analysis of Local Recurrence, Metastasis, and Mortality
Authors: Nydegger Kim N. , Obergfell Timothy T. A. F. , Heesen Philip , Schelling Georg , Studer Gabriela , Bode-Lesniewska Beata , Fuchs Bruno
Published: October 2024

Background: Sarcomas, a diverse group of malignant tumors arising from mesenchymal tissues, pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study compares the outcomes of planned resections (PEs) and unplanned resections (UEs) to inform better clinical practices. Methods: Data were analyzed from the Swiss Sarcoma Network (SSN), including patients with soft tissue and bone sarcomas treated at two major hospitals. This study utilized logistic regression and Cox regression models to examine the odds of UEs and their impact on local recurrence-free survival. Results: Among 429 patients registered by SSN members, 323 (75%) underwent PEs and 106 (25%) experienced UEs. PEs were associated with significantly larger tumors (94 mm vs. 47 mm, p < 0.001) and higher-grade tumors (Grade 3: 50.5% vs. 37.4%, p = 0.03). Despite achieving superior resection margins (R0: 78.8% vs. 12.6%, p < 0.001), PEs showed higher metastasis rates at follow-up (31.0% vs. 10.4%, p < 0.001) and greater cancer-specific mortality (16.7% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.01). UEs, while linked to higher local recurrence, did not significantly affect metastasis-free survival (MFS) or overall survival (OS). Conclusions: PEs achieve superior immediate surgical outcomes but are linked to higher metastasis and cancer-specific mortality due to the advanced stage of tumors. UEs, while associated with higher local recurrence rates, do not significantly impact MFS or OS. Early detection, comprehensive diagnostics, and timely referrals to specialized sarcoma hubs are essential to avoid UEs and reduce metastatic risk. Future research should focus on developing diagnostic tools using individual tumor and patient characteristics to improve sarcoma management.
Synthesis, Magnetic, and Photocatalytic Activity of Polypyrrole-Based TiO2–Fe Catalyst for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Khalid , Javaid Sana , Afzal Hina , Taj Muhammad Babar , Baamer Doaa F. , Almasoudi Afaf , Aldahiri Reema H. , Ali Omar Makram , Khan Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Muhammad Mahboob , Shanableh Abdallah , Fernandez-Garcia Javier
Published: October 2024

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the degradation efficacy of the Ppy/TiO2-Fe photocatalyst for MB dye in an aqueous solution. Firstly, the direct addition of TiO2 and Fe was done to prepare Ppy/TiO2-Fe photocatalyst. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, BET surface area analysis, and magnetization tests established the formation of the Ppy/TiO2-Fe photocatalyst. The crystallite sizes of TiO2, Fe-TiO2, and Ppy/TiO2-Fe photocatalyst were estimated to be 24.99 nm, 21.94 nm, and 21.84 nm, respectively. For the synthesis confirmation, the FTIR spectrum confirmed the existence of Ti-O, Fe-O, and Ppy-related bonds. While comparing the SEM images, the impact of polypyrrole on the particle shape was observed with less aggregation and increased surface roughness. The VSM analysis revealed that incorporating polypyrrole (Ppy) into Fe-TiO2 significantly enhances its magnetic properties, with Ppy/TiO2-Fe exhibiting superparamagnetic behavior, characterized by a higher saturation magnetization (Ms) of 33.11 emu/g and a lower coercivity (Hc) of 0.160 Oe, compared to Fe-TiO2’s Ms of 1.09 emu/g and Hc of 341.39 Oe. The N2 sorption desorption, with a specific surface area of 2.25 × 102 m2/g, is beneficial for photocatalytic activity. The concentration of dye, amount of catalyst, pH, and temperature were studied to evaluate the photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized Ppy/TiO2-Fe photocatalyst under different conditions. The findings revealed a degradation efficiency of 91.92%. The degradation rate reached 91.92% under optimal conditions within 120 min and could be fitted well by first-order kinetics. The photocatalytic efficiency was also evaluated for the scavenger, and the concentration of H2O2 and the reusability of the catalyst were demonstrated. Based on the observed results, the Ppy/TiO2-Fe photocatalyst could be applied more effectively and efficiently to photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in wastewater treatment.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Two-Domain Laccase ScaSL for Obtaining a Biocatalyst with Improved Characteristics
Authors: Trubitsina Liubov , Trubitsin Ivan , Gabdulkhakov Azat , Abdullatypov Azat , Larionova Anna , Petrakova Marina , Trubitsyn Vladimir , Egorov Konstantin , Tishchenko Svetlana , Leontievsky Alexey , Alferov Sergey , Ponamoreva Olga
Published: October 2024

Analysis of the structure of two-domain laccase ScaSL from Streptomyces carpinensis VKM Ac-1300 (with a middle-redox potential) revealed determinants that could affect the increased potential of ScaSL. Site-directed mutagenesis of the ScaSL laccase was carried out, and mutants H286A, H286T, H286W, and F232Y/F233Y were obtained. Replacement of His 286 with Ala led to a decrease in redox potential (0.45 V) and an increase in stability at pH 9 and 11; replacement with Thr led to an increase in redox potential (0.51 V) but to a decrease in the thermal stability of the protein; replacement with Trp did not affect the enzyme properties. Replacement of Phe residues 232 and 233 with Tyr led to a shift in enzyme activity to the acidic pH range without changing the redox potential and a decrease in the thermostability and pH stability of the enzyme. All mutants more efficiently oxidized phenolic substrate 2,6-DMP and were able to participate in direct electron transfer (DET) with MWCNT-modified electrodes. The F232Y/F233/Y mutant was unable to degrade triphenylmethane dyes without a mediator but showed a greater degree of decolorization of azo dyes in the presence of the mediator. The crystal structure of laccase with the highest potential was determined with high resolution.
Cobalt-Doped Hydrochar Derived from Microalgae as an Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activator for Paraben Degradation
Authors: Hu Chenyan , Wu Suxin , Wang Jiali , Chen Lianguo
Published: October 2024

Hydrochar, an attractive member of the carbonaceous materials, is derived from biomass and projects great potential in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, but has not been studied much. Herein, by using the large-scale cultured Chlorella vulgaris and field-collected bloom algae, a series of porous hydrochar was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal carbonization reaction, while Co doping significantly increased their specific surface areas, carbonization degree, and surface functional groups. These Co-doped hydrochar (xCo-HC, x: amount of the Co precursor) could efficiently activate the PMS, resulting in nearly 100% removal of five common paraben pollutants within 40 min. A dosage of 0.2Co-HC of 0.15 g/L, a PMS concentration of 0.6 g/L, and an unadjusted pH of 6.4 were verified more appropriately for paraben degradation. The coexistence of Cl−, SO42−, and humic acid inhibited the degradation, while HCO3− showed an enhancing effect. No observable change was found at the presence of NO3−. Quenching results illustrated that the produced •SO4− during the conversion of doped Co3+/Co2+ acted as the dominant active species for paraben degradation, while •O2−, 1O2, and •OH contributed relatively less. The algae-based hydrochar potentially facilitated the electron transfer in the xCo-HC/PMS system. Overall, this study develops a new strategy for resource utilization of the abundant algae.
Role and Function of Peroxisomes in Neuroinflammation
Authors: Sarkar Chinmoy , Lipinski Marta M.
Published: October 2024

Peroxisomes are organelles involved in many cellular metabolic functions, including the degradation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs; C ≥ 22), the initiation of ether-phospholipid synthesis, and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. All of these processes are essential for the maintenance of cellular lipid and redox homeostasis, and their perturbation can trigger inflammatory response in immune cells, including in the central nervous system (CNS) resident microglia and astrocytes. Consistently, peroxisomal disorders, a group of congenital diseases caused by a block in peroxisomal biogenesis or the impairment of one of the peroxisomal enzymes, are associated with neuroinflammation. Peroxisomal function is also dysregulated in many neurodegenerative diseases and during brain aging, both of which are associated with neuroinflammation. This suggests that deciphering the role of peroxisomes in neuroinflammation may be important for understanding both congenital and age-related brain dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the current advances in understanding the role and function of peroxisomes in neuroinflammation.
Platycladus orientalis Leaf Extract Promotes Hair Growth via Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ACK1 Activation
Authors: Kim Jaeyoon , Joo Jang Ho , Kim Juhyun , Rim Heena , Shin Jae young , Choi Yun-Ho , Min Kyoungin , Lee So Young , Jun Seung-Hyun , Kang Nae-Gyu
Published: October 2024

Platycladus orientalis is a traditional oriental herbal medicinal plant that is widely used as a component of complex prescriptions for alopecia treatment in Eastern Asia. The effect of PO on hair growth and its underlying mechanism, however, have not been demonstrated or clarified. In this study, we investigated the hair-growth-promoting effect of PO in cultured human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Platycladus orientalis leaf extract (POLE) was found to stimulate the proliferation of hDPCs. POLE with higher quercitrin concentration, especially, showed a high level of cellular viability. In the context of cellular senescence, POLE decreased the expression of p16 (CDKN2A) and p21(CDKN1A), which resulted in enhanced proliferation. In addition, growth factor receptors, FGFR1 and VEGFR2/3, and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, ACK1 and HCK, were significantly activated. In addition, LEF1, a transcription factor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, was enhanced, but DKK1, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, was downregulated by POLE treatment in cultured hDPCs. As a consequence, the expression of growth factors such as bFGF, KGF, and VEGF were also increased by POLE. We further investigated the hair-growth-promoting effect of topically administered POLE over a 12-week period. Our data suggest that POLE could support terminal hair growth by stimulating proliferation of DPCs and that enhanced production of growth factors, especially KGF, occurred as a result of tyrosine kinase ACK1 activation.
In Silico Screening of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Inhibitors of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2)
Authors: Ewell Steven M. , Burton Hannah , Mochona Bereket
Published: October 2024

Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the growth, survival, and metastasis of solid tumors, with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) being overexpressed in many human solid tumors, making it an appealing target for anti-cancer therapies. This study aimed to identify potential lead compounds with azole moiety exhibiting VEGFR-2 inhibitory effects. A ligand-based pharmacophore model was constructed using the X-ray crystallographic structure of VEGFR-2 complexed with tivozanib (PDB ID: 4ASE) to screen the ZINC15 database. Following virtual screening, six compounds demonstrated promising docking scores and drug-likeness comparable to tivozanib. These hits underwent detailed pharmacokinetic analysis to assess their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties. Furthermore, Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis was employed to investigate the molecular orbital properties of the top hits from molecular docking. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to evaluate the conformational stability of the complexes over a 100 ns run. Results indicated that the compounds (ZINC8914312, ZINC8739578, ZINC8927502, and ZINC17138581) exhibited the most promising lead requirements for inhibiting VEGFR-2 and suppressing angiogenesis in cancer therapy. This integrated approach, combining pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, ADMET studies, DFT analysis, and MD simulations, provides valuable insights into the identification of potential anti-cancer agents targeting VEGFR-2.