bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Devenir con la lectura : una cartografía afectiva de libros álbum, lectores y mediadores en un contexto escolar
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Véliz Córdova Soledad
Published: September 2023

La literacidad ha sido naturalizada como un bien vivencial (Ramos, 2009), es decir, enhebrada con tal cantidad de capacidades vitales y áreas del potencial humano, que se ha vuelto inseparable de la sobrevivencia económica, cultural y social de las poblaciones. En todo aspecto, la lectura se ha transformado en una capacidad esencial para la auto gestión y optimización del propio capital humano, deseos que se expresan y actualizan en sociomaterialidades complejas como políticas públicas, institucionalidades y performatividades lectoras. Este compendio de artículos se posiciona desde teorías posthumanistas y nuevos materialismos para producir una cartografía del devenir de encuentros literarios en un contexto escolar. En el proceso de mapear el devenir de los encuentros literarios el ensamblaje de investigación colapsa, deviniendo posthumano e imponiendo la agencia inhumana de la investigación al proceso. El devenir posthumano del ensamblaje de investigación (Fox & Alldred, 2015) produce cuestionamientos éticos sobre cómo hemos naturalizado que la lectura se haya vuelto un sistema universalmente benéfico y humanizante. Ofrezco un doble movimiento cartográfico; mapear el propio proceso de devenir posthumano es mapear los entrampamientos de la literacidad y la lectura, así como las líneas de vuelo que prometen formas de literacidad que aún no conocemos.
Cowpea Marketing and Consumption Preference in Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Ramatu Waziri-Ugwu, Phidelia , Seth David Hyelni
Published: September 2023

The article sought to examine cowpea marketing and consumption preference in Potiskum Local Government Area (LGA) in Yobe State, Nigeria. Yobe State is one of the major producers of Cowpea in Nigeria and there is a high level of marketing activity on Cowpea in the State. The objectives of this article are Identify the socio-economic characteristic of the respondent; determine the channels associated with cowpea marketing in the study area; examine the factors that determine the price of cowpea in Potiskum L.G.A; and determine the choice of the respondent in the use of cowpea types. Multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select 150 respondents. Descriptive statistics, OLS regression analysis and semantic differential scale were used as the analytical tools. Major results revealed that the market was mostly dominated by men (78. 66%), who are majorly singles (77.33%) in a household of 1 -10 persons (76. 67%) and (70%) had marketing experience of 1-10 years. The marketers are averagely educated and can read and write in Quranic and western Education. The marketing channel revealed that sales of cowpea start from the farm gate to the final consumer. The factors that affect cowpea retail price had an adjusted R2 of 72.8% with household size, source of supply and sources of loan having a positive effect on the price of a 100kg bag of cowpea. While the factors that affect wholesale price had an adjusted R2 of 66.4% with age, sources of supply, loading and offloading, sources of loan and storage having positive effects on the price of a 100 kg bag of cowpea. The Semantic Differential Scale revealed that brown cowpea was much preferred in the study area despite its high price. The article concluded that there was a free flow of information, adequate market intelligence among the market stakeholders and the business is profitable. It was recommended that an affordable storage facility should be made available to marketers, and market policy be made in the State to enhance the business profile through the improvement of transportation and market price information.
Obvious Disparities on Optimal Guesswork Wiretapper Moments under Mismatch Related to Non-Shannon Cypher System
Authors: Verma Rohit Kumar
Published: September 2023

The invention of several significant non-Shannon entropy inequalities, the optimal Gaussing theorems, the relationship between the discrete memoryless source pair and the probability mass function, and these topics are all covered in the current communication.  It may directly or indirectly prove to be significant for the literature of information theory.
Formation of Amines from Alkanes
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Formation of Amines from Arenes
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Formation of Amines from Alkenes, Dienes, and Alkynes
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

Alkenes

Dienes

Alkynes
Formation of Amines from Alkyl and Aryl Halides or Sulfonates
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Formation of Amines from Other Amines and Derivatives
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

Resolution

Reduction

Alkylation on Nitrogen

Alkylation on Carbon

Ring Opening

Dealkylation

Rearrangement
Formation of Amines from Azides
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Formation of Amines from Nitro Compounds
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Formation of Amines by Heteroatom and Metal Substitution
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Formation of Amines from Aldehydes, Ketones, and Derivatives
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

Transamination

Reductive Amination

Alkylative Amination

Mannich and Related Reactions

α‐Amination

Miscellaneous Reactions
Formation of Amines from Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

Molecular Rearrangements

Reduction of Amides and Imides

Reductive Alkylation

Substitution
Formation of Amines from Nitriles
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Formation of Amines from Isonitriles and Azo Compounds
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Formation of Ethers by Alkane, Arene, Alkene, and Alkyne Substitutions and Additions
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Kesharwani Tanay
Published: September 2023

Alkane Substitution and Addition

Arene Substitution and Addition

Alkene Substitution

Alkene Addition

Epoxidation of Alkenes

Diene and Polyene Additions

Alkyne Addition
Formation of Ethers by Acetal, Carbonyl, and Ortho Ester Conversions
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Kesharwani Tanay
Published: September 2023

Acetals

Aldehydes and Ketones

Lactols

Carboxylic Acids

Esters and Lactones

Peresters

Ortho Esters and Related Compounds

Lactams
Resolution of Alcohols
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Worlikar Shilpa A.
Published: September 2023

Deracemization

Resolution of Alcohols by Lipase‐Catalyzed Esterification

Resolution of Alcohols by Lipase‐Catalyzed Transesterification

Resolution of Alcohols by Esterase‐Catalyzed Esterification

Resolution of Alcohols by Protease‐Catalyzed Esterification

Resolution of Alcohols by ImmobilizedMorchella esculenta‐Catalyzed Transesterification

Resolution of Alcohols by Acylase‐Catalyzed Transesterification

Resolution of Alcohols by Hydrolysis of Esters or Carbonates

Resolution of Alcohols and Phenols by Alcoholysis

Resolution of Alcohols by Aminolysis of Esters

Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols Mediated by Lipase and Metal Catalysis

Resolution of Alcohols by Nonenzymatic Acylation

Resolution of Alcohols by Oxidation

Resolution of Allylic Alcohols

Resolution of Haloalcohols

Resolution of 2,3‐Epoxy Alcohols

Resolution of Alcohols by Formation of an SiO Bond

Resolution of Alcohols by Dehydration of β‐Hydroxy Esters

Resolution of Aldols by aretro‐Aldol Reaction

Resolution of 2‐Nitro Alcohols by CC Bond Cleavage

Resolution oftert‐Cyclobutanols by Pd‐Catalyzed CC Bond Cleavage

Resolution of Secondary Alcohols by a Chiral Heteroatom Auxiliary

Resolution of Diols and Triols

Resolution of Alcohols by Preferential Crystallization

Resolution of Alcohols by Supramolecular Crystallization

Resolution of Alcohols by Sublimation
Formation of Alcohols and Phenols by Oxidation
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Worlikar Shilpa A.
Published: September 2023

Alkanes

Arenes

Alkenes

Dienes

Alkynes

Alcohols to Phenols

Carbonyl Compounds

Organometallics

Halides
Formation of Alcohols and Phenols by Alkene, Diene, and Alkyne Additions
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Worlikar Shilpa A.
Published: September 2023

Alkenes

Dienes

Alkynes
Formation of Alcohols and Phenols from Organoboranes
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Worlikar Shilpa A.
Published: September 2023

Hydroboration–Oxidation

Carbonylation and Related Reactions

Other Reactions

Boration and Diboration Reactions
Formation of Alcohols and Phenols by Ether Cleavage
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Worlikar Shilpa A.
Published: September 2023

Cleavage of Acyclic Ethers

Reduction of Cyclic Ethers

Nucleophilic Opening of Cyclic Ethers

Alkylation of Cyclic Ethers

Rearrangement

Acetal Cleavage
Formation of Alcohols and Phenols by Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Raminelli Cristiano
Published: September 2023

Peroxides

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Formation of Alcohols and Phenols by Alkylation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Raminelli Cristiano
Published: September 2023

Addition to Carbon Monoxide

Addition to Aldehydes and Ketones

Alkylation of α‐Haloketones

Addition to Hemiacetals and Acetals

Addition to Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Formation of Alcohols and Phenols by Miscellaneous Reactions
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Raminelli Cristiano
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Carbonyl Homologation
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A.
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Alkylation and Acylation of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Their Derivatives
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A.
Published: September 2023

Free Radical Alkylation

Direct Alkylation or Acylation / Organocatalysis

Direct Enol or Enolate Alkylation and Acylation

Enol Ethers

Enol Esters

Enol Boranes

Enol Alanes

Enol Gallium Compounds

Enol Silanes

Enol Stannanes and Related Compounds

Enol Phosphorus Compounds

Enol Triflates

Enamines

Nitroalkenes

Imines

Hydrazones

Oxime Ethers

Oximes

Blocking Groups

Alkylation and Acylation of Carbonyl Dianions

Alkylation and Acylation of β‐Ketoaldehydes

Alkylation and Acylation ofβ‐Diketones

Alkylation and Acylation of β‐Polyketones

Synthesis of β‐Keto Acids, Esters, Amides, Imides, and Nitriles and Decarboxylation

Alkylation and Acylation of Enones
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Alkylation of α‐ and β‐Substituted Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A.
Published: September 2023

Alkylation of Cyclopropyl Ketones

Reduction and Alkylation of α‐Substituted Ketones

Substitutive Alkylation of α‐Halocarbonyl Compounds

Substitutive Alkylation of β‐Halocarbonyl Compounds

Substitutive Alkylation of α‐Diazocarbonyl Compounds

Decarboxylation–Allylation of β‐Keto Acids and Esters
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones by 1,4‐Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds and Derivatives
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A.
Published: September 2023

Free Radical and Related Addition Reactions

Michael and Michael‐Like Addition Reactions

Organoboron Compounds

Organoaluminum, ‐Gallium, ‐Indium, and ‐Thallium Compounds

Organosilicon Compounds

Organogermanium Compounds

Organotin Compounds

Organolead Compounds

Organostibine Compounds

Organobismuth Compounds

Titanium Reagents

Organozirconium Compounds

Organomanganese Compounds

Organoiron Compounds

Organoruthenium Compounds

Organocobalt Compounds

Organorhodium Compounds

Organonickel Compounds

Organopalladium Compounds

Organocopper Compounds

Organosilver Compounds

Organozinc Compounds

Organomercury Compounds

Organocerium Compounds

Organosamarium Compounds

Other Reagents
Lactone and Lactam Formation
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Rozhkov Roman
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Inverconversion of Nitriles, Carboxylic Acids, and Derivatives
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Rozhkov Roman
Published: September 2023

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Halides

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Anhydrides

Carboxylic Acids to Esters

Carboxylic Acids to Amides

Carboxylic Acids to Imides

Carboxylic Acids to Nitriles

Acid Halides to Other Acid Halides

Acid Halides to Acid Anhydrides

Acid Halides to Esters

Acid Halides to Amides

Acid Halides to Imides

Acid Halides to Nitriles

Acid Anhydrides to Acid Halides

Acid Anhydrides to Esters

Acid Anhydrides to Amides

Acid Anhydrides to Imides

Esters to Carboxylic Acids

Esters to Acid Halides

Esters to Acid Anhydrides

Esters to Other Esters

Esters to Amides

Esters to Nitriles

Amides to Carboxylic Acids

Amides to Esters

Amides to Other Amides

Amides to Imides

Amides to Nitriles

Imides to Esters or Lactones

Imides to Amides

Imides to Other Imides

Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids

Nitriles to Esters

Nitriles to Amides

Other Interconversions
Formation of Nitriles, Carboxylic Acids, and Derivatives by Miscellaneous Reactions
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Rozhkov Roman
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Sensitivity and specificity of secondary dose calculation for head and neck treatment plans
Authors: Wegener Sonja , Abu Rashed Ruaa , Sauer Otto A. , Razinskas Gary
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Secondary dose calculation (SDC) with an independent algorithm is one option to perform plan‐specific quality assurance (QA). While measurement‐based QA can potentially detect errors in plan delivery, the dose values are typically only compared to calculations on homogeneous phantom geometries instead of patient CT data. We analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of an SDC software by purposely introducing different errors and determined thresholds for optimal decisions.

Methods

Thirty head and neck VMAT plans and 30 modifications of those plans, including errors related to density and beam modelling, were recalculated using RadCalc with a Monte Carlo algorithm. Decision thresholds were obtained by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. For comparison, measurement‐based QA using the ArcCHECK phantom was carried out and evaluated in the same way.

Results

Despite optimized decision thresholds, none of the systems was able to reliably detect all errors. ArcCHECK analysis using a 2%/2 mm criterion with a threshold of 91.1% had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80. Evaluating differences in recalculated and planned DVH parameter of the target structures in RadCalc with a 2% threshold an AUC of 0.86 was achieved. Out‐of‐field deviations could be attributed to weaknesses in the beam model.

Conclusions

Secondary dose calculation with RadCalc is an alternative to established measurement‐based phantom QA. Different tools catch different errors; therefore, a combination of approaches should be preferred.
Bioactive Suture with Added Innate Defense Functionality for the Reduction of Bacterial Infection and Inflammation
Authors: Puthia Manoj , Petrlova Jitka , Petruk Ganna , Butrym Marta , Samsudin Firdaus , Andersson Madelene Å , Strömdahl Ann‐Charlotte , Wasserstrom Sebastian , Hartman Erik , Kjellström Sven , Caselli Lucrezia , Klementieva Oxana , Bond Peter J. , Malmsten Martin , Raina Deepak Bushan , Schmidtchen Artur
Published: September 2023

Surgical site infections (SSI) are a clinical and economic burden. Suture‐associated SSI may develop when bacteria colonize the suture surface and form biofilms that are resistant to antibiotics. Thrombin‐derived C‐terminal peptide (TCP)‐25 is a host defense peptide with a unique dual mode of action that can target both bacteria and the excessive inflammation induced by bacterial products. The peptide demonstrates therapeutic potential in preclinical in vivo wound infection models. In this study, the authors set out to explore whether TCP‐25 can provide a new bioactive innate immune feature to hydrophilic polyglactin sutures (Vicryl). Using a combination of biochemical, biophysical, antibacterial, biofilm, and anti‐inflammatory assays in vitro, in silico molecular modeling studies, along with experimental infection and inflammation models in mice, a proof‐of‐concept that TCP‐25 can provide Vicryl sutures with a previously undisclosed host defense capacity, that enables targeting of bacteria, biofilms, and the accompanying inflammatory response, is shown.
Effect of Porosity and Pore Shape on the Mechanical and Biological Properties of Additively Manufactured Bone Scaffolds
Authors: Liu Qingyang , Wei Fei , Coathup Melanie , Shen Wen , Wu Dazhong
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the effect of porosity and pore shape on the biological and mechanical behavior of additively manufactured scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Polylactic acid scaffolds with varying porosity levels (15–78%) and pore shapes, including regular (rectangular pores), gyroid, and diamond (triply periodic minimal surfaces) structures, are fabricated by fused filament fabrication. Murine‐derived macrophages and human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) are seeded onto the scaffolds. The compressive behavior and surface morphology of the scaffolds are characterized. The results show that scaffolds with 15%, 30%, and 45% porosity display the highest rate of macrophage and hBMSC growth. Gyroid and diamond scaffolds exhibit a higher rate of macrophage proliferation, while diamond scaffolds exhibit a higher rate of hBMSC proliferation. Additionally, gyroid and diamond scaffolds exhibit better compressive behavior compared to regular scaffolds. Of particular note, diamond scaffolds have the highest compressive modulus and strength. Surface morphology characterization indicates that the surface roughness of diamond and gyroid scaffolds is greater than that of regular scaffolds at the same porosity level, which is beneficial for cell attachment and proliferation. This study provides valuable insights into porosity and pore shape selection for additively manufactured scaffolds in BTE.
Nuclear PARP1‐Targeted Photosensitizer as a Dual‐Mode DNA‐Damaging Agent and Immune Activator for Tumor Ablation
Authors: Li Peixia , Du Yayin , Qiu Jingru , Li Donghai , Li Guiling , Shan Gang
Published: September 2023

Photodynamic therapy is a promising cancer therapeutic method that can damage DNA via photoinduced reactive oxygen species production. However, tumor cells can initiate DNA repair pathways to resist oxidative damage. In this study, a nuclear‐targeted photosensitizer PARP‐PS with a poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitory effect is developed based on the reported PARP1 inhibitor, rucaparib. As a dual‐mode DNA‐damaging agent, PARP‐PS damages DNA upon photoirradiation and enhances oxidative DNA damage by blocking the DNA repair pathway via PARP1 inhibition and degradation. Both in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrate that PARP‐PS exhibits high antitumor activity with few side effects in breast cancer. In addition, PARP‐PS can act as an immunogenic cell death inducer to activate immune responses characterized by the promotion of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation and tumor infiltration. Therefore, PARP‐PS is a potential multimodal antitumor agent with synergistic phototherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and immunotherapeutic effects.
Nanofiber Composite Microchannel‐Containing Injectable Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Liu Jia , Tang Chen , Huang Jian , Gu Jinhong , Yin Jingbo , Xu Guohua , Yan Shifeng
Published: September 2023

Articular cartilage tissue is incapable of self‐repair and therapies for cartilage defects are still lacking. Injectable hydrogels have drawn much attention in the field of cartilage regeneration. Herein, the novel design of nanofiber composite microchannel‐containing hydrogels inspired by the tunnel‐piled structure of subway tunnels is proposed. Based on the aldehydized polyethylene glycol/carboxymethyl chitosan (APA/CMCS) hydrogels, thermosensitive gelatin microrods (GMs) are used as a pore‐forming agent, and coaxial electrospinning polylactic acid/gelatin fibers (PGFs) loaded with kartogenin (KGN) are used as a reinforcing agent and a drug delivery system to construct the nanofiber composite microchannel‐containing injectable hydrogels (APA/CMCS/KGN@PGF/GM hydrogels). The in situ formation, micromorphology and porosity, swelling and degradation, mechanical properties, self‐healing behavior, as well as drug release of the nanofiber composite microchannel‐containing hydrogels are investigated. The hydrogel exhibits good self‐healing ability, and the introduction of PGF nanofibers can significantly improve the mechanical properties. The drug delivery system can realize sustained release of KGN to match the process of cartilage repair. The microchannel structure effectively promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) proliferation and ingrowth within the hydrogels. In vitro and animal experiments indicate that the APA/CMCS/KGN@PGF/GM hydrogels can enhance the chondrogenesis of BMSCs and promote neocartilage formation in the rabbit cartilage defect model.
GSH/pH Dual Activatable Cross‐linked and Fluorinated PEI for Cancer Gene Therapy Through Endogenous Iron De‐Hijacking and in Situ ROS Amplification
Authors: Yang Suleixin , Wu Yi , Zhong Wenzhao , Chen Ruie , Wang Meilin , Chen Meiwan
Published: September 2023

Ferroptosis‐related cancer therapy is limited by insufficient Fe2+/Fe3+ redox pair and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for producing lethal hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Although exogenous iron or ROS‐producing drugs can enhance ferroptosis, exploiting endogenous iron (labile iron pool, LIP) stored in ferritin and promoting ROS generation may be safer. Herein, a metal/drug‐free nanomedicine is developed for responsive LIP release and H2O2 generation on the mitochondria membranes, amplifying hydroxyl radical production to enhance ferroptosis‐mediated antitumor effects. A glutathione(GSH)/pH dual activatable fluorinated and cross‐linked polyethyleneimine (PEI) with dialdehyde polyethylene glycol layer nanocomplex loaded with MTS‐KR‐SOD (Mitochondria‐targeting‐sequence‐KillerRed‐Superoxide Dismutase) and CRISPR/Cas9‐CA IX (Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX)) plasmids (FP@MC) are developed for enhanced ferroptosis through endogenous iron de‐hijacking and in situ ROS amplification. Two plasmids are constructed to knockdown CA IX and translate KillerRed‐SOD recombinant protein specifically on mitochondria membranes, respectively. The CA IX knockdown acidifies the intracellular environment, leading the release of LIP from ferritin as a “flare” to initiate endogenous chemodynamic therapy. Meanwhile, MTS‐KR‐SOD generates H2O2 when irradiated by a 590 nm laser to assist chemodynamic therapy, leading to ROS amplification for mitochondria damage and lipid peroxide accumulation. The combined therapeutic effects aggravate cancer ferroptosis and suppress tumor growth, providing a new paradigm for amplifying ROS and iron ions to promote ferroptosis‐related cancer therapy.
Closed‐Loop Multi‐Objective Optimization for Cu–Sb–S Photo‐Electrocatalytic Materials’ Discovery
Authors: Bai Yang , Khoo Zi Hui Jonathan , I Made Riko , Xie Huiqing , Lim Carina Yi Jing , Handoko Albertus Denny , Chellappan Vijila , Cheng Jianwei Jayce , Wei Fengxia , Lim Yee‐Fun , Hippalgaonkar Kedar
Published: September 2023

Copper antimony sulfides are regarded as promising catalysts for photo‐electrochemical water splitting because of their earth abundance and broad light absorption. The unique photoactivity of copper antimony sulfides is dependent on their various crystalline structures and atomic compositions. Here, a closed‐loop workflow is built, which explores Cu–Sb–S compositional space to optimize its photo‐electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water, by integrating a high‐throughput robotic platform, characterization techniques, and machine learning (ML) optimization workflow. The multi‐objective optimization model discovers optimum experimental conditions after only nine cycles of integrated experiments–machine learning loop. Photocurrent testing at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) confirms the expected correlation between the materials’ properties and photocurrent. An optimum photocurrent of −186 µA cm−2 is observed on Cu–Sb–S in the ratio of 9:45:46 in the form of single‐layer coating on F‐doped SnO2 (FTO) glass with a corresponding bandgap of 1.85 eV and 63.2% Cu1+/Cu species content. The targeted intelligent search reveals a nonobvious CuSbS composition that exhibits 2.3 times greater activity than baseline results from random sampling.
Revealing Co‐N4@Co‐NP Bridge‐Enabled Fast Charge Transfer and Active Intracellular Methanogenesis in Bio‐Electrochemical CO2‐Conversion with Methanosarcina Barkeri
Authors: Xia Rongxin , Cheng Jun , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Ze , Zhou Xinyi , Zhou Junhu , Zhang Meng
Published: September 2023

To significantly advance the bio‐electrochemical CO2‐conversion rate and unfold the correlation between the abiotic electrode and the attached microorganisms, an atomic‐nanoparticle bridge of Co‐N4@Co‐NP crafted in metal–organic frameworks‐derived nanosheets is integrated with a model methanogen of Methanosarcina barkeri (M. barkeri). The direct bonding of N in Co‐N4 and Fe in member protein of Cytochrome b (Cytb) activates a fast direct electron transfer path while the Co nanoparticles further strengthen this bonding via decreasing the energy gap between the p‐band center of N and the d‐band center of Fe. This multiorbital tuning operation of Co nanoparticles also enhances the coenzyme F420‐mediated electron transfer by enabling the electron flow direct to the hydrogenation sites. Particularly, the increased surface electric field of the Co‐N4@Co‐NP bridge‐based nanosheet electrode facilitates the interfacial Na+ accumulation to expedite ATPase transport for powering intracellular CO2 conversion. Remarkably, the self‐assembled M.barkeri‐Co‐N4@Co‐NP biohybrid achieves a high methane production rate of 3860 mmol m−2 day−1, which greatly outperforms other reported biohybrid systems. This work demonstrates a comprehensive scrutinization of biotic–abiotic energy transfer, which may serve as a guiding principle for efficient bio‐electrochemical system design.
Enhancing the Carrier Transport in Monolayer MoS2 through Interlayer Coupling with 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Can , Cusin Luca , Ma Chun , Unsal Elif , Wang Hanlin , Consolaro Valentina Girelli , Montes‐García Verónica , Han Bin , Vitale Stefania , Dianat Arezoo , Croy Alexander , Zhang Haiming , Gutierrez Rafael , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Liu Zhaoyang , Chi Lifeng , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo
Published: September 2023

The coupling of different 2D materials (2DMs) to form van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) is a powerful strategy for adjusting the electronic properties of 2D semiconductors, for applications in opto‐electronics and quantum computing. 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) represents an archetypical semiconducting, monolayer thick versatile platform for the generation of hybrid vdWH with tunable charge transport characteristics through its interfacing with molecules and assemblies thereof. However, the physisorption of (macro)molecules on 2D MoS2 yields hybrids possessing a limited thermal stability, thereby jeopardizing their technological applications. Herein, the rational design and optimized synthesis of 2D covalent organic frameworks (2D‐COFs) for the generation of MoS2/2D‐COF vdWHs exhibiting strong interlayer coupling effects are reported. The high crystallinity of the 2D‐COF films makes it possible to engineer an ultrastable periodic doping effect on MoS2, boosting devices’ field‐effect mobility at room temperature. Such a performance increase can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the efficient interfacial electron transfer process and the pronounced suppression of MoS2’s lattice vibration. This proof‐of‐concept work validates an unprecedented approach for the efficient modulation of the electronic properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides toward high‐performance (opto)electronics for CMOS digital circuits.
Augmenting Immunotherapy via Bioinspired MOF‐Based ROS Homeostasis Disruptor with Nanozyme‐Cascade Reaction
Authors: Wang Ruifang , Qiu Maosong , Zhang Lei , Sui Meiju , Xiao Long , Yu Qiao , Ye Chaohui , Chen Shizhen , Zhou Xin
Published: September 2023

Despite its remarkable clinical breakthroughs, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy remains limited by the insufficient immune response in the “cold” tumor. Nanozyme‐based antitumor catalysis is associated with precise immune activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, a cascade‐augmented nanoimmunomodulator (CMZM) with multienzyme‐like activities, which includes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione oxidase (GSHOx), that dissociates under an acidic and abundant GSH TME, is proposed for multimodal imaging‐guided chemodynamic therapy (CDT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT) enhanced immunotherapy. Vigorous multienzyme‐like activities can not only produce O2 to alleviate hypoxia and promote the polarization of M2 to M1 macrophages, but also generate ROS (•OH and 1O2) and deplete GSH in the TME to expose necrotic cell fragments and reverse immunosuppressive TME by eliciting the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in tumors. Therefore, inhibitory effects on both primary and distant tumors are achieved through synergy with an α‐PD‐L1 blocking antibody. This cascade multienzyme‐based nanoplatform provides a smart strategy for highly efficient ICB immunotherapy against “cold” tumors by revising immunosuppressive TME.
Purposive Design of Stretchable Composite Electrodes for Strain‐Negative, Strain‐Neutral, and Strain‐Positive Ionic Sensors
Authors: Choi Hyeongseok , Jeong Unyong
Published: September 2023

Soft ionic sensors have emerged as a promising device form to accommodate various future electronic applications. One of the hurdles in ionic sensors is that the sensing signals by mechanical deformation and other stimuli are mixed up. Although the performance of the ionic sensors is highly dependent on the structure of electrodes, systematic investigation of purposive electrode design has been rarely explored. This study proposes a simple strategy for designing stretchable composite electrodes which make the ionic sensor strain‐negative, strain‐neutral, and strain‐positive. This study reveals that such strain‐responses can be obtained by adjusting the surface coverage of the electrically‐effective conductive fillers. On the basis of the concept, deposition of a Au film on an elastomer composite and crack formation of the Au film are presented for the practical fabrication of a highly reproducible strain‐neutral ionic sensor. A completely strain‐independent temperature sensor is demonstrated by using the Au crack‐based ionic sensor. In addition, this study demonstrates a two‐terminal shear sensor capable of recognizing shear directions by combining the strain‐positive and strain‐negative electrodes.
Picking pithy plants: Pith selectivity by wild white‐faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus imitator
Authors: DePasquale Allegra N. , Poirier Alice C. , Mah Megan A. , Villalobos Suarez Cinthia , Guadamuz Adrian , Cheves Hernandez Saul , Lopez Navarro Ronald , Hogan Jeremy D. , Rothman Jessica M. , Nevo Omer , Melin Amanda D.
Published: September 2023

Understanding diet selectivity is a longstanding goal in primate ecology. Deciphering when and why primates consume different resources can provide insights into their nutritional ecology as well as adaptations to food scarcity. Plant pith, the spongy interior of plant stems, is occasionally eaten by primates, but the context is poorly understood. We examine the ecological, mechanical, chemical, and nutritional basis of plant pith selection by a wild, frugivorous‐omnivorous primate (Cebus imitator). We test the hypothesis that pith is a fallback food, that is, consumed when fruit is less abundant, and test for differences between plant species from which pith is eaten versus avoided. We collected 3.5 years of capuchin pith consumption data to document dietary species and analyzed “pith patch visits” in relation to fruit availability, visits to fruit patches, and climatic seasonality. We analyzed dietary and non‐dietary species for relative pith quantity, mechanical hardness, odor composition, and macronutrient concentrations. Capuchins ate pith from 11 of  ~300 plant species common in the dry forest, most commonly Bursera simaruba. We find that pith consumption is not directly related to fruit availability or fruit foraging but occurs most frequently (84% of patch visits) during the months of seasonal transition. Relative to common non‐dietary species, dietary pith species have relatively higher pith quantity, have softer outer branches and pith, and contain more terpenoids, a class of bioactive compounds notable for their widespread medicinal properties. Our results suggest that greater pith quantity, lower hardness, and a more complex, terpenoid‐rich odor profile contribute to species selectivity; further, as pith is likely to be consistently available throughout the year, the seasonality of pith foraging may point to zoopharmacognosy, as seasonal transitions typically introduce new parasites or pathogens. Our study furthers our understanding of how climatic seasonality impacts primate behavior and sheds new light on food choice by an omnivorous primate.
Examining postmounting grooming in male golden snub‐nosed monkeys to investigate the functions of same‐sex mounts
Authors: Huang Pengzhen , Fang Gu , Teichroeb Julie A. , Zhang Endi , Chen Min
Published: September 2023

Same‐sex mounting behavior has been documented across primate species and several biological functions, that are often difficult to differentiate, have been proposed. Postmounting affiliative behaviors (e.g., embracing and grooming) have been partly overlooked and their performance may more clearly reveal the function of same‐sex mounts for different age‐sex classes. Here, considering postmounting grooming behaviors (PMG), we tested the affiliation hypothesis for same‐sex mounts in an all‐male unit (AMU) of captive golden snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) (n = 7−8) and the needing to learn hypothesis in the juveniles of the AMU (n = 4) and the juvenile male from the neighboring one‐male unit in Shanghai Wild Animal Park, China from November 2014 to June 2015. A total of 1986 same‐sex mounts were recorded from the AMU individuals and the juvenile of the neighboring one‐male unit. We found that neither dyadic proximity‐based association nor grooming‐based affiliation predicted the occurrence of mounts in the AMU, and PMG was more likely to occur in nontense than tense social contexts, providing no support for the affiliation hypothesis. Although dyadic grooming‐based affiliation predicted the occurrence of PMG, it exerted no influence on the occurrence of mounts, which was necessary to support the hypothesis. However, consistent with the needing to learn hypothesis, from ages two to four, juveniles' mounting duration increased and they performed pelvic thrusting during mounting more and more often as they grew older. Reciprocated series mounts were much more common among juveniles than other mounting dyads, providing learning opportunities for both participants. The mounter was more likely to groom the mountee at the end of a mount among juveniles than other mounting dyads, suggesting that juvenile mounters may profit from mounting and groom mountees in return for providing them with opportunities to learn copulatory skills. A hypothesis that merits further investigation.
Amyloid and tau‐PET in early‐onset AD: Baseline data from the Longitudinal Early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS)
Authors: Cho Hanna , Mundada Nidhi S. , Apostolova Liana G. , Carrillo Maria C. , Shankar Ranjani , Amuiri Alinda N. , Zeltzer Ehud , Windon Charles C. , Soleimani‐Meigooni David N. , Tanner Jeremy A. , Heath Courtney Lawhn , Lesman‐Segev Orit H. , Aisen Paul , Eloyan Ani , Lee Hye Sun , Hammers Dustin B. , Kirby Kala , Dage Jeffrey L. , Fagan Anne , Foroud Tatiana , Grinberg Lea T. , Jack Clifford R. , Kramer Joel , Kukull Walter A. , Murray Melissa E. , Nudelman Kelly , Toga Arthur , Vemuri Prashanthi , Atri Alireza , Day Gregory S. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Honig Lawrence S. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph , Mendez Mario , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Rogalski Emily J. , Salloway Stephen , Sha Sharon , Turner Raymond Scott , Wingo Thomas S. , Wolk David A. , Koeppe Robert , Iaccarino Leonardo , Dickerson Bradford C. , La Joie Renaud , Rabinovici Gil D. ,   LEADS Consortium
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

We aimed to describe baseline amyloid‐beta (Aβ) and tau‐positron emission tomograrphy (PET) from Longitudinal Early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS), a prospective multi‐site observational study of sporadic early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).

METHODS

We analyzed baseline [18F]Florbetaben (Aβ) and [18F]Flortaucipir (tau)‐PET from cognitively impaired participants with a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD dementia aged < 65 years. Florbetaben scans were used to distinguish cognitively impaired participants with EOAD (Aβ+) from EOnonAD (Aβ−) based on the combination of visual read by expert reader and image quantification.

RESULTS

243/321 (75.7%) of participants were assigned to the EOAD group based on amyloid‐PET; 231 (95.1%) of them were tau‐PET positive (A+T+). Tau‐PET signal was elevated across cortical regions with a parietal‐predominant pattern, and higher burden was observed in younger and female EOAD participants.

DISCUSSION

LEADS data emphasizes the importance of biomarkers to enhance diagnostic accuracy in EOAD. The advanced tau‐PET binding at baseline might have implications for therapeutic strategies in patients with EOAD.

HIGHLIGHTS

72% of patients with clinical EOAD were positive on both amyloid‐ and tau‐PET.

Amyloid‐positive patients with EOAD had high tau‐PET signal across cortical regions.

In EOAD, tau‐PET mediated the relationship between amyloid‐PET and MMSE.

Among EOAD patients, younger onset and female sex were associated with higher tau‐PET.
Low‐dose sevoflurane co‐administered with propofol‐based general anaesthesia obliterates intra‐operative neurophysiological monitoring in an infant
Authors: Nakahari H. , Wilton N. C. T. , Ikeda M. , Kojima T.
Published: September 2023

The influence of general anaesthetic agents on intra‐operative neurophysiological monitoring in neonates and infants has rarely been reported. Propofol‐based anaesthesia is recommended to avoid suppression of neurophysiological monitoring. However, the administration of propofol in children undergoing prolonged procedures, especially those younger than six months, should be carefully controlled due to the potential risk of propofol infusion syndrome. Adding a small dose of inhalational anaesthetic can be an option to reduce propofol requirements. Recent guidelines in Japan suggest limiting inhalational anaesthetics to less than 0.5 minimum alveolar concentrations when co‐administered with low‐dose propofol during intra‐operative neuromonitoring. However, there is still insufficient evidence regarding the impact of sevoflurane on neurophysiological monitoring when co‐administered with propofol in infants. This report describes a case of a three‐month‐old infant undergoing spinal lipoma resection in which there was a dramatic suppression of neurophysiological monitoring with the addition of 0.35–0.45% sevoflurane to propofol‐based anaesthesia.
Formal Deoxygenative Cross‐Coupling of Aldehydes to Ketones through α‐Haloboronates: A Route to Deoxygenative Hydroacylation of Aldehydes†
Authors: Hu Zihao , Zhang Wanqi , Tao XU
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Aldehydes are a kind of important synthons and reagents in organic synthesis. The efforts on transformations of aldehydes are highly rewarding and have always attracted considerable attention. Herein, a cross‐coupling of aldehydes with α‐haloboronates has been achieved under dual nickel/photoredox catalysis system. Considering the α‐haloboronates can be easily obtained from aldehydes with our deoxygenative difunctionalization of carbonyls (DODC) strategy, this protocol provides a formal deoxygenative cross‐coupling of aldehydes to one‐carbon‐prolonged ketone products. The mild conditions enabled good functional group tolerance and broad substrate applicability. The application of this method was presented via a tunable synthesis of two ketones with very similar skeletons from two same aldehydes.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Heterocyclic Diaryl Ketones: Facile Access to Key Intermediate of Baloxavir†
Authors: Wang Li , Xiao Renwei , Song Jingyuan , Zheng Long‐Sheng , Lang Qiwei , Chen Gen‐Qiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Transition metal‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation has been proven to be a powerful approach for the synthesis of chiral alcohols. Herein, a highly efficient and enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of dibenzoheptaheterocyclic ketones catalyzed by an arene‐tethered TsDPEN‐based Rh(III) catalyst has been successfully developed, and a variety of dibenzoheptaheterocyclic ketones were reduced by a 1/1 mixture of formic acid and DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene) with high yields and enantioselectivities. With this method, the asymmetric reduction of 7,8‐difluorodibenzo[b,e]thiepin‐11(6H)‐one has been realized, providing the key intermediate of baloxavir marboxil with >99% yield and >99% ee at a substrate/catalyst molar ratio of 1000.
Corn response to long‐term seasonal weather stressors: A review
Authors: Ortez Osler A. , Lindsey Alexander J. , Thomison Peter R. , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Singh Maninder Pal , Carrijo Daniela R. , Quinn Daniel J. , Licht Mark A. , Bastos Leonardo
Published: September 2023

Long‐term weather patterns (environmental conditions or stresses exceeding 10 days in length) have the potential to influence corn (Zea mays L.) growth, development, and yield. This review summarizes the current knowledge (with emphasis placed on the Midwestern U.S. production environment) on how long‐term weather conditions affect corn growth and yield, including (i) drought and heat stress, (ii) solar radiation, and (iii) distribution of heat unit accumulation during the season. Each section contains summaries of how these environmental factors influence corn growth and yield and provides context into past events experienced. The focus of the review is on dent corn grown for grain production, though relevant issues related to other types (i.e., silage corn) are included. This review also discusses agronomic recommendations or considerations to help alleviate the negative effects of stress conditions and identify areas where future research would be beneficial to continue improving the resiliency of corn cropping systems. Periods of high heat and water deficit as well as limited light availability challenge the ability to maximize yield production in corn. Temperature affects crop growth and development through the season, and accurately describing phenological progression using heat unit accumulation is a challenge. Advances in corn breeding and genetics, hybrid selection, and agronomic management practices will be key to ensuring long‐range productivity and fully leveraging possible benefits from the shifts in long‐range weather patterns.
The use of videos for diabetes patient education: A systematic review
Authors: Hoe Cosette Yoon Wey , Ahmad Badariah , Watterson Jessica
Published: September 2023

Diabetes prevalence is rising worldwide, calling for public health concerns and interventions to improve prevention and management. Self‐care is an important component in reducing the incidence of complications from diabetes, but it must be taught. This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence for education videos for people with diabetes. Electronic databases, including Ovid (Medline, Embase, EmCare), PsychInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus, were searched for studies on educational videos for patients with diabetes that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data extracted were synthesised through narrative synthesis. Studies examined outcomes including biological (i.e., glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), weight, BMI), non‐biological (health literacy, self‐efficacy) and subjective feedback (i.e., acceptability, cultural appropriateness). The most common length of video was ≤10 min. Online dissemination was the most common method of video distribution. A statistically significant decrease (ranging from −0.1% to −2.1%) in HbA1C was noted in 7 of 12 studies examining this outcome. Other studies also found evidence of improvement in health literacy, self‐efficacy, physical activity, medication adherence and other outcomes. Feedback from participants was generally positive, and emphasis was placed on the need for cultural appropriateness and representation in the educational videos.
CD8+ T cells reduce neuroretina inflammation in mouse by regulating autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells through IFN‐γ
Authors: Wu Sihan , Zhang Xuan , Hu Cuiping , Zhong Yajie , Chen Jun , Chong Wai Po
Published: September 2023

Various regulatory CD8+ T‐cell subsets have been proposed for immune tolerance and have been implicated in controlling autoimmune diseases. However, their phenotypic identities and suppression mechanisms are not yet understood. This study found that coculture of T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐ or interferon (IFN)‐β‐activated CD8+ T cells significantly suppressed the cytokine production of Th1 and Th17 cells. By experimenting with the experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), we found that adoptive transfer of TCR or IFN‐β‐activated CD8+ T cells significantly lessened disease development in an IFN‐γ‐dependent manner with a decreased uveitogenic Th1 and Th17 response. Interestingly, after adoptive transfer into the EAU mice, the IFN‐γ+CD8+ T cells were recruited more efficiently into the secondary lymphoid organs during the disease‐priming phase. This recruitment depends on the IFN‐γ‐inducible chemokine receptor CXCR3; knocking out CXCR3 abolishes the protective effect of CD8+ T cells in EAU. In conclusion, we identified the critical role of IFN‐γ for CD8+ T cells to inhibit Th1 and Th17 responses and ameliorate EAU. CXCR3 is necessary to recruit IFN‐γ+CD8+ T cells to the secondary lymphoid organ for the regulation of autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells.