bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does a highly standardized international advertising campaign contribute to the enhancement of destination image? Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Uner M. Mithat , Karatepe Osman M. , Cavusgil S. Tamer , Kucukergin Kemal Gurkan
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Does a highly standardized international advertising campaign enhance destination image? Drawing evidence from Turkey's Home Global Image Campaign, the authors investigate this fundamental question. This would help the authors to understand whether there are significant differences in cognitive and affective image among tourist groups in Europe in a destination where there is a highly standardized international advertising campaign.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected from British, German, French and Italian tourists through the official Twitter account of the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMCT) were used to carry out the quantitative analysis. Analysis of variance test was performed to assess the differences in nationalities. The Scheffe test was also applied as a post hoc comparison.

Findings

Cognitive image attributes such as “good value for money,” “good climate,” “interesting and friendly people,” “beautiful scenery and natural attractions,” “interesting cultural attractions,” “appealing local food (cuisine)” and “hygiene and cleanliness” are found to be less favorable in the perceptions of French tourists than those of British, German and Italian tourists. British, German and Italian tourists perceive Turkey as a more pleasant destination than French tourists. Overall, the findings suggest that a highly standardized international advertising campaign fails to boost the destination image for all nationalities.

Practical implications

The TMCT officials should use the adaptation strategy in international advertising campaigns since the findings denote that the “one-size-fits all” approach is problematic. The TMCT should support and promote environmental sustainability efforts and green hotel practices to attract more tourists and use them in different communication channels.

Originality/value

Assessment of affective and cognitive destination images (differences) is still an unresolved issue in the destination management and marketing literature. It seems that there is no empirical study investigating the cognitive and affective image attributes of a destination based on standardization versus adaptation approaches. This paper makes a contribution to the current literature by demonstrating that using the same image campaign in different markets is a practice that fails to achieve the intended goals.
Co-creating practical wisdom through rational, spiritual and emotional capacities
Authors: Cegarra-Sánchez Jorge , Cegarra-Navarro Juan Gabriel , Sánchez-Medina Agustín J.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the concept of “practical wisdom” which may be defined as the ability to effectively manage one’s rational knowledge and to read and respond appropriately to the interplay of other people's emotions and one's own and their values. The aims of this study also are (1) to investigate the relationship between the spiritual, emotional and rational capacities which underpin practical wisdom and (2) to analyse the relationship between the practical wisdom co-created in and between individuals through these three capacities.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a case study methodology by considering the experience provided by a group of hikers who organized a trip to cross the island of Gran Canarias and its natural parks.

Findings

This study proposes that the presence of spiritual, emotional or rational capacities can boost individual self-awareness, self-control and empathy, which can help workers in general and knowledge workers, in particular, more effectively tackle difficult situations, remain calm and collectively develop and enact appropriate responses to these situations. Therefore, results show that the concept of practical wisdom allows for the identification of both the nature of the capacities that contribute to the effective handling of difficult situations and them and the balance that needs to be developed between them.

Practical implications

For knowledge workers, the study provides a framework and an explanatory framework to help them understand how rational, spiritual and emotional capacities both interact and are operationalized to tackle difficult problems. Furthermore, it enables them to identify situations where success to consider such interactions, leads to develop and implement appropriate responses to such situations.

Originality/value

A proper balance of emotional, rational and spiritual capacities may enable people to have a more holistic vision of difficult situations, allowing the finding of appropriate solutions to complex problems (i.e. practical wisdom). This study contributes to strengthening knowledge workers' perception and understanding of the links between the knowledge stocks and knowledge flows that relate to a practical perspective of wisdom.
How does action-oriented personality traits impact on entrepreneurial career choices? A trait-factor theory perspective
Authors: Batool Syeda Nimra , Razzaq Khawar , Imam Hassan
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Earlier studies have shown that individuals with business education and the personality traits listed in the big-five model are more inclined to pursue entrepreneurial activities. The Big-Five Model of personality is one of the prominent taxonomies, which highlights five fundamental human's traits. However, the big-five model does not cover all baseline personality features essential for pursuing an entrepreneurial career. Drawing on the trait-factor theory of career choice, this study discusses action-oriented traits as a driving force for individuals to pursue entrepreneurship as a foremost career choice in the context of developing economies.

Design/methodology/approach

Data of 599 recent graduates, who just completed their university degrees and about to join the job market, were collected through surveys and analyzed after achieving the model-fit.

Findings

Results highlighted that three action-oriented traits (innovativeness, risk-taking and competitiveness) aspire individuals to pursue entrepreneurial careers. In addition, a multi-group analysis of business vs. non-business educational backgrounds revealed that business related education is not the only strong precursor leading to the pursuit of an entrepreneurial career.

Originality/value

This study draws attention to the belief of higher educational consultants, institutes and policymakers that investment in certain trait development can increase the number of new entrepreneurs in an economy.
Effective human–AI work design for collaborative decision-making
Authors: Jain Ruchika , Garg Naval , Khera Shikha N.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

With the increase in the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision-making, organizations are facilitating human–AI collaboration. This collaboration can occur in a variety of configurations with the division of labor, with differences in the nature of interdependence being parallel or sequential, along with or without the presence of specialization. This study intends to explore the extent to which humans express comfort with different models human–AI collaboration.

Design/methodology/approach

Situational response surveys were adopted to identify configurations where humans experience the greatest trust, role clarity and preferred feedback style. Regression analysis was used to analyze the results.

Findings

Some configurations contribute to greater trust and role clarity with AI as a colleague. There is no configuration in which AI as a colleague produces lower trust than humans. At the same time, the human distrust in AI may be less about human vs AI and more about the division of labor in which human–AI work.

Practical implications

The study explores the extent to which humans express comfort with different models of an algorithm as partners. It focuses on work design and the division of labor between humans and AI. The finding of the study emphasizes the role of work design in human–AI collaboration. There is human–AI work design that should be avoided as they reduce trust. Organizations need to be cautious in considering the impact of design on building trust and gaining acceptance with technology.

Originality/value

The paper's originality lies in focusing on the design of collaboration rather than on performance of the team.
The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of resveratrol on polycystic ovary syndrome: A comprehensive systematic review of clinical, animal and in vitro studies
Authors: Karimi Arash , Tutunchi Helda , Naeini Fatemeh , Vajdi Mahdi , Mobasseri Majid , Najafipour Farzad
Published: July 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important and common polygenic endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. Resveratrol, a natural phenol, is involved in various biological activities, including antioxidant, antiseptic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐ageing and anti‐cancer effects. This systematic review aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of actions of resveratrol in PCOS. The present study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis statements. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest and Embase databases up to August 2021 by using the relative keywords. Original studies published in the English language that assessed the effects of resveratrol on PCOS and its associated complications were considered. Out of 417 records screened, only 24 articles met the inclusion criteria: 10 in vitro, 10 animal and 4 human studies. The results obtained in the present study showed that resveratrol supplementation might be effective in improving PCOS‐related symptoms by reducing insulin resistance, alleviating dyslipidaemia, improving ovarian morphology and anthropometric indices, regulating the reproductive hormones and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress by affecting biological pathways. According to the available evidence, resveratrol may reduce the complications of PCOS. However, further studies are recommended for a comprehensive conclusion on the exact mechanism of resveratrol in PCOS patients.
A cogwheel model of dynamic capabilities: Evidence from an Australian university
Authors: Hube Benita , Stockport Gary , Soutar Geoffrey
Published: July 2022

The Australian tertiary education sector has been experiencing transformational change for many years driven by shifts in public policy and funding, emergent competition on an increasingly international scale, a seemingly never‐ending number of universities restructures, and the sudden rise of online teaching forced upon by the global COVID‐19 pandemic. This high level of environmental uncertainty suggests that if universities want to remain competitive, they might need to reconsider their strategies through adopting a dynamic capabilities (DCs) approach, such as outlined in this paper. This research is built on Teece et al.’s DCs model to examine an Australian university between 2012 and 2021. This research adds to our understanding of DCs by developing a metaphorical Cogwheel Model of Dynamic Capabilities that captures DCs’ complex and dynamic process. This model has implications for leadership and managerial practices, especially when organisations seek to navigate a strategic pathway into the future.
eDNAssay: A machine learning tool that accurately predicts qPCR cross‐amplification
Authors: Kronenberger John A. , Wilcox Taylor M. , Mason Daniel H. , Franklin Thomas W. , McKelvey Kevin S. , Young Michael K. , Schwartz Michael K.
Published: July 2022

Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is a highly sensitive and cost‐effective technique for wildlife monitoring, notably through the use of qPCR assays. However, it can be difficult to ensure assay specificity when many closely related species co‐occur. In theory, specificity may be assessed in silico by determining whether assay oligonucleotides have enough base‐pair mismatches with nontarget sequences to preclude amplification. However, the mismatch qualities required are poorly understood, making in silico assessments difficult and often necessitating extensive in vitro testing—typically the greatest bottleneck in assay development. Increasing the accuracy of in silico assessments would therefore streamline the assay development process. In this study, we paired 10 qPCR assays with 82 synthetic gene fragments for 530 specificity tests using SYBR Green intercalating dye (n = 262) and TaqMan hydrolysis probes (n = 268). Test results were used to train random forest classifiers to predict amplification. The primer‐only model (SYBR Green results) and full‐assay model (TaqMan probe‐based results) were 99.6% and 100% accurate, respectively, in cross‐validation. We further assessed model performance using six independent assays not used in model training. In these tests the primer‐only model was 92.4% accurate (n = 119) and the full‐assay model was 96.5% accurate (n = 144). The high performance achieved by these models makes it possible for eDNA practitioners to more quickly and confidently develop assays specific to the intended target. Practitioners can access the full‐assay model online via eDNAssay (https://NationalGenomicsCenter.shinyapps.io/eDNAssay), a user‐friendly tool for predicting qPCR cross‐amplification.
Impacts of Depositional Facies and Diagenesis on Reservoir Quality: A Case Study from the Rudist‐bearing Sarvak Formation, Abadan Plain, SW Iran
Authors: ASSADI Ali , HONARMAND Javad , MOALLEMI Seyed Ali , ABDOLLAHIE‐FARD Iraj
Published: July 2022

An integrated geological‐petrophysical analysis of the rudist‐bearing sequence of the Cretaceous Sarvak Formation is given one giant oilfield, and provides an improved understanding of this main reservoir in the Abadan Plain, in the Zagros Basin, SW Iran. The main objective of this study is to evaluate reservoir potential of the Sarvak Formation, and then to utilize the calibrated well log signature to correlate reservoir potential in un‐cored wells. Eight main facies are recognized and categorized in five facies groups: lagoon, shoal, rudist‐biostrome, slope, and shallow open marine, deposited on a shelf carbonate platform. Given the distribution of diagenetic products and their effects on pore systems, three diagenetic facies namely, (DF‐1) low dissolution and cementation; (DF‐2); high dissolution; and (DF‐3) high cementation are differentiated. The initial sedimentary characteristics in combination with distribution of diagenetic products play an important role in reservoir quality heterogeneity. The effect of diagenetic processes related to disconformities mainly depends on the facies nature below these surfaces. Grain‐dominated facies of shoal and rudist debris, observed below the Cenomanian–Turonian disconformity, are mostly characterized by high dissolution and interconnected pore systems. Finally, depositional and diagenetic facies in the studied wells are correlated by petrophysical well log data, leading to distribution of the reservoir zones. Data obtained can be utilized for efficient reservoir characterization of the Sarvak Formation and its equivalent units in the Arabian Plate.
Depositional Environment and Lithofacies Analyses of Eocene Lacustrine Shale in the Bohai Bay Basin: Insights from Mineralogy and Elemental Geochemistry
Authors: KHAN Danish , LIANG Chao , QIU Longwei , Kamran MIRZA , WANG Yelei , KASHIF Muhammad , REHMAN Saif Ur , WANG Yuzhe , TENG Jianbin
Published: July 2022

The effect of various depositional parameters including paleoclimate, paleosalinity and provenance, on the depositional mechanism of lacustrine shale is very important in reconstructing the depositional environment. The classification of shale lithofacies and the interpretation of shale depositional environment are key features used in shale oil and gas exploration and development activity. The lower 3rd member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es3x shale) was selected for this study, as one of the main prospective intervals for shale oil exploration and development in the intracratonic Bohai Bay Basin. Mineralogically, it is composed of quartz (avg. 9.6%), calcite (avg. 58.5%), dolomite (avg. 7%), pyrite (avg. 3.3%) and clay minerals (avg. 20%). An advanced methodology (thin‐section petrography, total organic carbon and total organic sulfur contents analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM)) was adopted to establish shale lithofacies and to interpret the depositional environment in the lacustrine basin. Six different types of lithofacies were recognized, based on mineral composition, total organic carbon (TOC) content and sedimentary structures. Various inorganic geochemical proxies (Rb/Sr, Ca/(Ca + Fe), Ti/Al, Al/Ca, Al/Ti, Zr/Rb) have been used to interpret and screen variations in depositional environmental parameters during the deposition of the Es3x shale. The experimental results indicate that the environment during the deposition of the Es3x shale was warm and humid with heightened salinities, moderate to limited detrital input, higher paleohydrodynamic settings and strong oxygen deficient (reducing) conditions. A comprehensive depositional model of the lacustrine shale was developed. The interpretations deduced from this research work are expected to not only expand the knowledge of shale lithofacies classification for lacustrine fine‐grained rocks, but can also offer a theoretical foundation for lacustrine shale oil exploration and development.
Disease monitoring of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors via EGFR status in circulating tumor DNA
Authors: Li Yan , Xu Ziyi , Wang Shouzheng , Zhu Yixiang , Ma Di , Mu Yuxin , Ying Jianming , Li Junling , Xing Puyuan
Published: July 2022

Objective

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring proves to be a promising approach to assess response and predict survival in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, whether the dynamic changes in ctDNA EGFR mutation status have the same predictive value as ctDNA remains unknown. This study aims to explore the predictive value of dynamic changes in both ctDNA and ctDNA EGFR status.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed using 91 ctDNA samples from a cohort of 28 patients who were diagnosed with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC and treated with EGFR‐TKIs, including 14 patients treated with first‐/second‐generation TKIs and 14 treated with osimertinib. Blood samples at baseline (BL), within 4 weeks after TKI initiation (Week4), within 12 weeks before progression (pre‐PD), and at progression were collected. The relationship alternatives in ctDNA status, ctDNA EGFR status and response to EGFR‐TKIs as well as progression‐free survival (PFS) were analyzed.

Results

We categorized 20 BL‐ctDNA positive patients with available Week4‐ctDNA into two groups: ctDNA‐clearance (N = 7, 35%) and ctDNA‐non‐clearance (N = 13, 65%). The ctDNA‐clearance group had better PFS than the ctDNA‐non‐clearance group (ctDNA‐clearance vs. ctDNA‐non‐clearance, p = 0.091, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15–1.19). According to Week4‐EGFR status, we observed that PFS was significantly longer in EGFR‐clearance patients than EGFR‐non‐clearance groups, (p = 0.011, HR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.08–0.72). We then categorized patients into three subgroups according to Week4‐ctDNA and Week4‐EGFR status: non‐clearance (N = 9), only‐EGFR‐clearance (concomitant alterations non‐clearance) (N = 4), and all‐clearance (N = 7). The nonclearance group had a significantly worse PFS than the all‐clearance group (median PFS = 5.07 vs. 11.40 months, p = 0.029, HR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.05–11.49). The only‐EGFR‐clearance group had a similar PFS to the all‐clearance group (p = 0.607), which was longer than that of the non‐clearance group (median PFS = 9.20 vs. 5.07 months, p = 0.060, HR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.05–1.18). We found that the all‐clearance group had a similar objective response rate (ORR) to the only‐EGFR‐clearance group (p = 1.000) and a higher ORR than the non‐clearance group (p = 0.012).

Conclusion

Monitoring of EGFR clearance in ctDNA is promising and cost‐effective in assessing response and predicting survival in EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients treated with EGFR‐TKIs, with similar predictive value to ctDNA surveillance.
SMARCA4‐deficient undifferentiated tumor that responded to chemotherapy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A case report
Authors: Utsumi Takahiro , Taniguchi Yohei , Noda Yuri , Fukai Mari , Kibata Kayoko , Murakawa Tomohiro
Published: July 2022

Thoracic SMARCA4‐deficient undifferentiated tumors are a new type of neoplasm that commonly occur in the mediastinum, progress rapidly, and show a poorer prognosis. We report a case of thoracic SMARCA4‐deficient undifferentiated tumor in the right thoracic cavity in a patient with a history of heavy smoking and presenting with respiratory distress and hemoptysis. Imaging showed pleural effusion and thickening. A diagnostic right pleural biopsy yielded multiple white nodules and pale bloody pleural effusion accumulated in the right thoracic cavity. Histopathologically, the tumor cells were large, some exhibited rhabdoid cytology, and they were surrounded by an infiltration of inflammatory cells. These tumor cells were negative for SMARCA4, p40, NUT, and claudin‐4, leading to establishing a diagnosis of thoracic SMARCA4‐deficient undifferentiated malignancy. We treated the patient with atezolizumab, carboplatin, and nab‐paclitaxel. The patient achieved stable disease at 7 months during this study. Although there is no standard treatment of this disease, our reported treatment may contribute to improved prognosis, requiring further research.
Urolithin A improves mitochondrial health, reduces cartilage degeneration, and alleviates pain in osteoarthritis
Authors: D'Amico Davide , Olmer Merissa , Fouassier Andréane M. , Valdés Pamela , Andreux Pénélope A. , Rinsch Chris , Lotz Martin
Published: July 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age‐related joint disorder with no effective therapy. According to the World Health Organization, OA affects over 500 million people and is characterized by degradation of cartilage and other joint tissues, severe pain, and impaired mobility. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to OA pathology. However, interventions to rescue mitochondrial defects in human OA are not available. Urolithin A (Mitopure) is a natural postbiotic compound that promotes mitophagy and mitochondrial function and beneficially impacts muscle health in preclinical models of aging and in elderly and middle‐aged humans. Here, we showed that Urolithin A improved mitophagy and mitochondrial respiration in primary chondrocytes from joints of both healthy donors and OA patients. Furthermore, Urolithin A reduced disease progression in a mouse model of OA, decreasing cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, and pain. These improvements were associated with increased mitophagy and mitochondrial content, in joints of OA mice. These findings indicate that UA promotes joint mitochondrial health, alleviates OA pathology, and supports Urolithin A's potential to improve mobility with beneficial effects on structural damage in joints.
Human age reversal: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Johnson Adiv A. , English Bradley W. , Shokhirev Maxim N. , Sinclair David A. , Cuellar Trinna L.
Published: July 2022

Although chronological age correlates with various age‐related diseases and conditions, it does not adequately reflect an individual's functional capacity, well‐being, or mortality risk. In contrast, biological age provides information about overall health and indicates how rapidly or slowly a person is aging. Estimates of biological age are thought to be provided by aging clocks, which are computational models (e.g., elastic net) that use a set of inputs (e.g., DNA methylation sites) to make a prediction. In the past decade, aging clock studies have shown that several age‐related diseases, social variables, and mental health conditions associate with an increase in predicted biological age relative to chronological age. This phenomenon of age acceleration is linked to a higher risk of premature mortality. More recent research has demonstrated that predicted biological age is sensitive to specific interventions. Human trials have reported that caloric restriction, a plant‐based diet, lifestyle changes involving exercise, a drug regime including metformin, and vitamin D3 supplementation are all capable of slowing down or reversing an aging clock. Non‐interventional studies have connected high‐quality sleep, physical activity, a healthy diet, and other factors to age deceleration. Specific molecules have been associated with the reduction or reversal of predicted biological age, such as the antihypertensive drug doxazosin or the metabolite alpha‐ketoglutarate. Although rigorous clinical trials are needed to validate these initial findings, existing data suggest that aging clocks are malleable in humans. Additional research is warranted to better understand these computational models and the clinical significance of lowering or reversing their outputs.
Effect of intermittent access to alcohol mixed in energy drink during adolescence on alcohol self‐administration, anxiety, and memory during adulthood in rats
Authors: Williams Keith L. , Parikh Urja K. , Doyle Shannon M. , Meyer Lindsey N.
Published: July 2022

Background

Mixing alcohol with caffeinated energy drinks is a common practice among young people. Consumption of alcohol mixed in energy drink is associated with increased risk of binge drinking and alcohol dependence. The purpose of this study was to determine whether voluntary intermittent access to alcohol mixed in energy drink in adolescent rats alters adult self‐administration of alcohol, anxiety, and memory.

Methods

For 10 weeks in the home‐cage, two groups of adolescent female Sprague–Dawley rats had intermittent access to energy drink (ED) or 10% alcohol mixed in energy drink (AmED) with water concurrently available. Other rat groups had daily continuous access to ED or AmED. Anxiety was measured with an open field test and memory was assessed with a novel place recognition test. For self‐administration, rats pressed levers for 10% alcohol alone on a fixed ratio (FR1) and on a progressive ratio (PR).

Results

Intermittent access to AmED generated greater intake during the initial 30 min of access (AmED 1.70 ± 0.04 g/kg vs. ED 1.01 ± 0.06 g/kg) and during the subsequent 24 h (AmED 7.04 ± 0.25 g/kg vs. ED 5.60 ± 0.29 g/kg). Intermittent AmED caused a significant but small decrease in anxiety while neither ED nor AmED altered memory. During alcohol self‐administration, group differences emerged only during PR testing during which intermittent AmED rats responded more than all other groups.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that intermittent access to AmED generates binge‐like consumption that supports human findings that AmED generates greater alcohol consumption. Furthermore, experience with AmED may alter the motivational properties of alcohol into adulthood without necessarily causing a major impact on anxiety or memory.
Does short sales deregulation affect qualitative information disclosure?
Authors: He Jie , Chan Kam C.
Published: July 2022

We examine the impact of short sales deregulation on firms' disclosure of non‐financial qualitative information. Our simple analytical model predicts that, after short sales deregulation and when the cost of disclosing proprietary qualitative information to the firm and its executives is sufficiently high, shortable firms respond by disclosing less proprietary and more non‐proprietary qualitative information than non‐shortable firms. Using a textual analysis of qualitative information about the supply chain, available in the management disclosure and analysis sections of the annual reports of a sample of Chinese firms, and applying a staggered difference‐in‐differences research design, we find evidence consistent with the model's prediction.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of treatments for rapid cycling bipolar disorder
Authors: Strawbridge Rebecca , Kurana Suman , Kerr‐Gaffney Jess , Jauhar Sameer , Kaufman Kenneth R. , Yalin Nefize , Young Allan H.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Rapid cycling is a common and disabling phenomenon in individuals with bipolar disorders. In the absence of a recent literature examination, this systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to synthesise the evidence of efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of treatments for individuals with rapid cycling bipolar disorder (RCBD).

Method

A systematic search was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials assigning participants with RCBD to pharmacological and/or non‐pharmacological interventions. Study inclusion and data extraction were undertaken by two reviewers independently. The primary outcome was continuous within‐subject RCBD illness severity before and after treatment. Pre‐post random effects meta‐analyses were conducted for each outcome/intervention arm studied, generating a standardised effect size (hedge's g) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

A total of 34 articles describing 30 studies were included. A total of 16 separate pharmacological treatments were examined in contrast to 1 psychological therapy study. Only quetiapine and lamotrigine were assessed in >5 studies. By assessing 95% CI overlap of within‐subject efficacy effects compared to placebo, the only interventions suggesting significant depression benefits (placebo g = 0.60) were olanzapine (with/without fluoxetine; g = 1.01), citalopram (g = 1.10) and venlafaxine (g = 2.48). For mania, benefits were indicated for quetiapine (g = 1.01), olanzapine (g = 1.19) and aripiprazole (g = 1.09), versus placebo (g = 0.33). Most of these effect sizes were from only one trial per treatment. Heterogeneity between studies was variable, and 20% were rated to have a high risk of bias.

Conclusions

While many interventions appeared efficacious, there was a lack of robust evidence for most treatments. Given the limited and heterogeneous evidence base, the optimal treatment strategies for people with RCBD are yet to be established.
Relationship between inflammatory status and microbial composition in severe asthma and during exacerbation
Authors: Diver Sarah , Haldar Koirobi , McDowell Pamela Jane , Busby John , Mistry Vijay , Micieli Claudia , Brown Vanessa , Cox Ciara , Yang Freda , Borg Catherine , Shrimanker Rahul , Ramsheh Mohammadali Yavari , Hardman Tim , Arron Joseph , Bradding Peter , Cowan Douglas , Mansur Adel Hasan , Fowler Stephen J. , Lordan Jim , Menzies‐Gow Andrew , Robinson Douglas , Matthews John , Pavord Ian D. , Chaudhuri Rekha , Heaney Liam G. , Barer Michael R. , Brightling Christopher ,   the Medical Research Council: Refractory Asthma Stratification Programme (RASP‐UK Consortium)
Published: July 2022

Background

In T2‐mediated severe asthma, biologic therapies, such as mepolizumab, are increasingly used to control disease. Current biomarkers can indicate adequate suppression of T2 inflammation, but it is unclear whether they provide information about airway microbial composition. We investigated the relationships between current T2 biomarkers and microbial profiles, characteristics associated with a ProteobacteriaHIGH microbial profile and the effects of mepolizumab on airway ecology.

Methods

Microbiota sequencing was performed on sputum samples obtained at stable and exacerbation state from 140 subjects with severe asthma participating in two clinical trials. Inflammatory subgroups were compared on the basis of biomarkers, including FeNO and sputum and blood eosinophils. ProteobacteriaHIGH subjects were identified by Proteobacteria to Firmicutes ratio ≥0.485. Where paired sputum from stable visits was available, we compared microbial composition at baseline and following ≥12 weeks of mepolizumab.

Results

Microbial composition was not related to inflammatory subgroup based on sputum or blood eosinophils. FeNO ≥50 ppb when stable and at exacerbation indicated a group with less dispersed microbial profiles characterised by high alpha‐diversity and low Proteobacteria. ProteobacteriaHIGH subjects were neutrophilic and had a longer time from asthma diagnosis than ProteobacteriaLOW subjects. In those studied, mepolizumab did not alter airway bacterial load or lead to increased Proteobacteria.

Conclusion

High FeNO could indicate a subgroup of severe asthma less likely to benefit from antimicrobial strategies at exacerbation or in the context of poor control. Where FeNO is <50 ppb, biomarkers of microbial composition are required to identify those likely to respond to microbiome‐directed strategies. We found no evidence that mepolizumab alters airway microbial composition.
Impact of donor age on recipient morbidity and mortality after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Yeow Marcus , Pang Ning Qi , Muthiah Mark D. , Soon Gwyneth , Yock‐Young Dan , Bonney Glenn Kunnath , Iyer Shridhar Ganpathi , Madhavan Krishnakumar , Kow Wei Chieh Alfred
Published: July 2022

Background

Evidence for use of graft from older donors in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been conflicting. This study aims to clarify the impact of donor age on recipient morbidity and mortality after adult LDLT.

Methods

A total of 90 live liver donors and recipients who underwent primary adult‐to‐adult LDLT were divided into three groups according to donor age: donors in 20s (D—20s) group, donors in 30s and 40s (D—30s and 40s) group and donors in 50s & 60s (D—50s and 60s) group. Multivariate analyses were conducted to look for independent risk/prognostic factors. Donor age was analysed as a continuous variable to determine an optimal cut off.

Results

Overall donor morbidity was 4/90 (4.44%), major donor morbidity was 1/90 (1.11%) and there was no donor mortality. Recipients in the D—20s group had better 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year recipient survival than recipients in the D—50s and 60s group (96%, 91%, 91% versus 73%, 58%, 58%, respectively) (P = 0.020). Donor age was identified to be an independently significant risk factor for increased major complications (P = 0.007) and prognostic factor for reduced overall survival (P = 0.014). The optimal donor age cut off was determined to be 46.5 years old.

Conclusion

Older donors are associated with poorer recipient outcomes after adult‐to‐adult LDLT. Usage of liver grafts from older donors should be carefully considered when choosing liver grafts for patients undergoing LDLT.
An overview of reviews for preventing and treating sleep problems in infants
Authors: Drozd Filip , Leksbø Turid Skjerve , Størksen Hege Therese , Wilhelmsen Cathrine Elisabeth Weyde , Slinning Kari
Published: July 2022

Aim

Parents and professionals receive conflicting recommendations about management of infant sleep problems. The aim of this umbrella review was to provide an overview of summarised research on the prevention and treatment of sleep problems in infants (0–1 year), content of the interventions and the conditions under which they are delivered.

Methods

The umbrella review included five systematic reviews of 24 individual studies, mainly randomised controlled trials. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, Cochrane, Campbell, Epistemonikos, PDQ‐Evidence, IN SUM and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, for reviews published during 2010–2021.

Results

The systematic reviews showed that behavioural interventions increased sleep in infants and parents. Interventions entailed reducing parental disturbances during sleep onset and enabling the infant to fall asleep and maintain sleep on their own. Knowledge about infant sleep and the establishment of positive bedtime routines seemed crucial for preventing and treating sleep difficulties. The interventions can be delivered in a few sessions, typically one‐on‐one during the postnatal period.

Conclusion

Behavioural interventions can be recommended and adapted to the individual family. Positive outcomes for the infant and the family depend on a close and coordinated collaboration between child health clinics, community psychologists, general physicians and other services.
Modified keyhole plus technique with partial release of posterior rectus sheath for parastomal hernia repair after ileal conduit
Authors: Hatsuzawa Yuuri , Tsujinaka Shingo , Kakizawa Nao , Maemoto Ryo , Kimura Yasuaki , Nagamori Masakazu , Toyama Nobuyuki , Rikiyama Toshiki
Published: July 2022

Parastomal hernia (PH) is a common complication of ileal conduit diversions. The Sugarbaker technique has a lower recurrence rate than the keyhole (KH) technique and is typically preferred. However, it may not be feasible in some cases because of anatomical features including the length of the conduit and torsion of the ureter. An 80‐year‐old woman with complaints of abdominal distention was diagnosed with PH 5 years after radical cystectomy. Computed tomography revealed a 90 × 20‐mm muscular layer defect on the cranial side of the ileal conduit. Therefore, we performed the KH technique with intracorporeal closure of the defect using a relief incision of the posterior rectus sheath, avoiding the possibility of torsion of the ureteral ileal anastomosis. No hernia recurrence was observed at postoperative 10 months. The proposed KH plus technique may be an effective method for PH after ileal conduit diversion, thus preventing urinary complications.
A case of familial adenomatous polyposis with protein‐losing enteropathy treated by laparoscopic total colorectal resection: A literature review
Authors: Tubakihara Hiroki , Sawayama Hiroshi , Komohara Yoshihiro , Miyamoto Yuji , Ogawa Katsuhiro , Ohuchi Mayuko , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo
Published: July 2022

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) with protein‐losing enteropathy is a rare disorder and is difficult to treat medically. A 74‐year‐old female patient was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of anorexia. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy showed multiple adenomas from the ascending colon to the rectum and adenocarcinoma in the sigmoid colon and descending colon. Laboratory findings showed hypoalbuminemia (albumin 1.6 mg/dl). Protein leak scintigraphy using 99mTc‐HSAD found a protein leak from the colon. Although hypercaloric infusion was administered, the nutritional status was not improved and albumin transfusion was required. The patient underwent laparoscopic total proctocolectomy, ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis, and temporary ileostomy. She had a good postoperative course and the hypoalbuminemia normalized in a few weeks. The patient underwent temporary ileostomy reversal. Here we report a case of FAP with protein‐losing enteropathy who underwent laparoscopic total proctocolectomy, which resulted in improvement of the protein leak as well as cancer treatment.
Preliminary study of the safety of acrinol in probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy during transurethral resection of bladder tumors
Authors: Naya Yoshio , Takaha Natsuki , Hayashi Iseei , Mori Masaru , Date Seiki , Ukimura Osamu
Published: July 2022

We previously reported that probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy using acrinol can depict cancerous nuclei. The objective of this study was to confirm the safety of acrinol in patients. For all seven patients, ‘50 ml’ of a 0.1% acrinol and ‘1 ml’ of 10% fluorescein in 99 ml of normal saline were introduced into the bladder. The laser probe adhered to the suspicious lesion from the working channel of the cystoscope. The patients underwent mucosal biopsy and transurethral resection after observation. Adverse events were noted during a valuation using common terminology criteria for adverse events version 4.0. Confocal laser endomicroscopy detected the nuclei of cancer cells in all seven patients. No adverse event was observed in any of the seven patients. Confocal laser endomicroscopy using acrinol as a novel dye can help visualize the cancerous nuclei of bladder urothelial carcinoma during cystoscopy without severe adverse events.
Home‐based blood transfusion therapy: A systematic review
Authors: Rodríguez Corte Jesús , Candal‐Pedreira Cristina , Ruano‐Ravina Alberto , Pérez‐Ríos Mónica , Rivero‐de‐Aguilar Alejandro , López García Marisa , Hermida Porto Leticia , Varela‐Lema Leonor
Published: July 2022

Home care is a healthcare alternative to hospitalisation. Different types of procedures are performed at home care services, such as home transfusion of blood products. However, home blood transfusion is not fully implemented and there is a great lack of knowledge about it. The aims of this study were thus to assess the safety and effectiveness of home blood transfusions and patient acceptance and satisfaction. A systematic literature review was conducted in the main biomedical databases. We included all studies that covered patients who had received a home blood transfusion, regardless of their baseline diagnosis. The literature search yielded 290 studies, 14 of which were included in this study as they met the predefined criteria. The main patient profile of a home‐transfusion recipient was a person with anaemia associated with other diseases. Overall incidence of severe adverse events was 0.05%. No studies evaluated the effectiveness of home versus hospital transfusions. One study showed that 51% of patients would be willing to receive home transfusions. Home blood transfusion appears to be a feasible, safe, and well‐accepted procedure. Existing studies are of low quality, however, and this is an important limitation when it comes to drawing definitive benefit–risk conclusions.
Deep water sedimentary processes in the Enderby Basin (East Antarctic margin) during the Cenozoic
Authors: Huang Xiaoxia , Wu Shiguo , De Santis Laura , Wang Guolong , Hernández‐Molina F. Javier
Published: July 2022

The thick sequence of mid‐late Cenozoic sediments preserved within the Enderby Basin of the East Antarctica margin contains key information regarding glacial history and palaeo‐oceanographic conditions during the last 34 My. The interplay between glacial processes and ocean circulation can be reconstructed from seismic stratigraphic studies. Here, interpretation of seismic sequences and geomorphology from an extensive 2D seismic dataset (∼75,000 km) are correlated with lithological data of the ODP site 1165 drilled on the continental rise, and used to assess the age and origin of the sediment, and the possible influence of oceanic currents on its distribution. Mapping of seismic units and facies reveals that, in addition to glacial sediments derived from the Antarctic mainland, the upper Cenozoic succession includes drift units with prograding sequences building out from the Mac. Robertson Land margin, west of the Prydz Bay. Three contourite drifts grew on the western side of submarine channels and large sediment wave fields suggest a mixed system of turbidity currents influenced by west‐flowing bottom currents. The drifts are composed of four seismic units representing stages of onset (Lower Oligocene), main growth (Early‐Middle Miocene), maintenance (Middle‐Late Miocene) and burial (Pliocene). The internal geometry and reflection patterns of the drifts imply an intensified current activity from the Early to Middle Miocene. The results plausibly reflect that the formation of proto Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) started around the Eocene–Oligocene boundary and intensified episodically from the early to middle Miocene.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: Immune mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Khokhar Dilawar , Marella Sahiti , Idelman Gila , Chang Joy W. , Chehade Mirna , Hogan Simon P.
Published: July 2022

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic inflammatory disease of the oesophagus and is clinically characterized by upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including dysphagia and esophageal food impaction. Histopathologic manifestations, which include intraepithelial eosinophilic inflammation and alterations of the esophageal squamous epithelium, such as basal zone hyperplasia (BZH) and dilated intercellular spaces (DIS), are thought to contribute to esophageal dysfunction and disease symptoms. Corroborative clinical and discovery science‐based studies have established that EoE is characterized by an underlying allergic inflammatory response, in part, related to the IL‐13/CCL26/eosinophil axis driving dysregulation of several key epithelial barrier and proliferative regulatory genes including kallikrein (KLK) serine proteases, calpain 14 (CAPN14) and anoctamin 1 (ANO1). The contribution of these inflammatory and proliferative processes to the clinical and histological manifestations of disease are not fully elucidated. Herein, we discuss the immune molecules and cells that are thought to underlie the clinical and pathologic manifestations of EoE and the emerging therapeutics targeting these processes for the treatment of EoE.
Therapeutic potential of human stem cell transplantations for Vanishing White Matter: A quest for the Goldilocks graft
Authors: Hillen Anne E. J. , Leferink Prisca S. , Breeuwsma Nicole B. , Dooves Stephanie , Bergaglio Talia , Van der Knaap Marjo S. , Heine Vivi M.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Vanishing white matter (VWM) is a leukodystrophy that leads to neurological dysfunction and early death. Astrocytes are indicated as therapeutic target, because of their central role in VWM pathology. Previous cell replacement therapy using primary mouse glial precursors phenotypically improved VWM mice.

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the translational potential of human stem cell‐derived glial cell replacement therapy for VWM. We generated various glial cell types from human pluripotent stem cells in order to identify a human cell population that successfully ameliorates disease hallmarks of a VWM mouse model. The effects of cell grafts on motor skills and VWM brain pathology were assessed.

Results

Transplantation of human glial precursor populations improved the VWM phenotype. The intrinsic properties of these cells were partially reflected by cell fate post‐transplantation, but were also affected by the host microenvironment. Strikingly, the spread of transplanted cells into the white matter versus the gray matter was different when grafted into the VWM brain as compared to a healthy brain.

Conclusions

Transplantation of human glial cell populations can have therapeutic effects for VWM. For further translation to the clinic, the microenvironment in the VWM patient brain should be considered as an important moderator of cell replacement therapy.