bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Chiral 1‐Benzyl‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐piperidone Enabled by Lipase AK‐Mediated Desymmetrization of Prochiral 1,3‐Diol and Its Diacetate
Authors: Khong Duc Thinh , Pamarthy Varsha Siri , Gallagher Timothy , Judeh Zaher M. A.
Published: June 2016

The synthesis of (R)‐1‐benzyl‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐piperidone (1) from key synthon monoacetate (R)‐3 has been accomplished conveniently in 6 steps with 93 % ee and in 44 % overall yield. The key step involved lipase AK‐mediated desymmetrization of diol 4 to produce monoacetate (R)‐3 in 93 % ee and 93 % yield. Additionally, lipase AK‐mediated desymmetrization of diacetate 5 readily provided access to monoacetate (S)‐3 in 93 % ee and 54 % yield.
Metal Sulfonate Polymers as Catalysts for the Heterogeneous Acylation of Aromatic Derivatives
Authors: Morizur Vincent , Hector Daphné , Olivero Sandra , Desmurs Jean Roger , Duñach Elisabet
Published: June 2016

A series of metal sulfonate salts attached to a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) polymer were prepared by ultrasonic activation and then examined as heterogeneous catalysts in the Friedel–Crafts acylation of aromatic derivatives.
Synthesis of Phthalides through Tandem Rhodium‐Catalyzed C–H Olefination and Annulation of Benzamides
Authors: Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Park Jihye , Choi Miji , Sharma Satyasheel , Jo Hyeim , Jeong Taejoo , Han Sangil , Kim Saegun , Kim In Su
Published: June 2016

The rhodium(III)‐catalyzed tandem C–H olefination and cyclization of benzamides with various alkenes is described. This protocol provides direct access to highly substituted phthalides, which are known as crucial frameworks of biologically active compounds. In particular, the amide directing group containing a benzimidazole group facilitates the activation of aromatic ortho‐C–H bonds leading to olefination intermediates, and is spantaneously converted into an acid moiety, which can further undergo the intramolecular annulation process.
One‐Pot Two‐Step Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Alkylidene Acetoacetamido Esters, Useful Intermediates for β‐Dehydropeptides
Authors: Viola Angelo , Ferrazzano Lucia , Greco Roberto , Cerisoli Lucia , Caldi Jonathan , Tolomelli Alessandra
Published: June 2016

Alkylidene acetoacetamides are useful building blocks for the preparation of a number of biologically active derivatives, including dehydro‐β‐amino‐acid‐containing peptidomimetics. A one‐pot two‐step protocol for the preparation of amino‐acid‐derived unsaturated acetoacetamides has been optimized. The use of microwave activation avoids, or at least decreases, the need for catalysts in both steps. A leucine derivative was selected from the small collection of molecules obtained to be transformed into the corresponding dehydro‐β‐amino‐acid‐containing peptidomimetic. It is known that such fragments are able to induce β‐turns into peptide sequences, and, due to the presence of the unsaturation, they may represent sites for selective modification and conjugation.
A Calixarene‐Decorated Phosphole Oxide
Authors: Elaieb Fethi , Hedhli Ahmed , Sémeril David , Matt Dominique , Harrowfield Jack
Published: June 2016

A conical calix[4]arene receptor equipped with a benzo[b]phosphole oxide grafted to its upper rim was obtained in six steps by starting from 5‐bromo‐25,26,27,28‐tetrapropyloxycalix[4]arene. The route involved the synthesis of the calixarene intermediate 5 that bears a 2‐(diphenylphosphinyl)phenylethynyl substituent connected to the calixarene wider rim. Under PdII/CuI co‐catalysis, mixed phosphane‐alkyne 5, when heated at 120 °C, underwent P–Ph bond cleavage followed by attack of the phosphorus atom onto the carbon–carbon triple bond. The resulting calixarene‐phosphole was then oxidised to form the corresponding phosphole oxide 9. Compound 9 luminesces strongly under UV irradiation. The solid‐state structure of a derivative of phosphane‐alkyne 5, AuCl complex 8, was established by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study.
Spatial differences in trace element bioaccumulation in turtles exposed to a partially remediated coal fly ash spill
Authors: Van Dyke James U. , Jachowski Catherine M. Bodinof , Steen David A. , Jackson Brian P. , Hopkins William A.
Published: June 2016

Large-scale releases of environmental contaminants from industrial facilities can cause considerable damage to surrounding ecosystems and require remediation. The expense and/or undesirable environmental side effects of physical removal may constrain remediation efforts. In 2008, approximately 4.1 million m3 of fly ash were released into the Emory River at a coal-burning power plant in Kingston, Tennessee, USA. Approximately 390 000 m3 of fly ash were not removed (hereafter “residual ash”), to avoid disturbing underlying legacy contamination from unrelated historical industrial activity. In 2011 and 2012, the authors measured trace element concentrations in an assemblage of freshwater turtles in 2 rivers impacted by the spill and in a third river that was unaffected. Concentrations of arsenic, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, selenium, and zinc were higher in turtles from rivers affected by the spill but low relative to concentrations known to be toxic to other vertebrates. Concentrations of some trace elements decreased with distance from the original spill site but were not strongly affected by nearby volumes of residual ash. Among-species differences in trace element bioaccumulation and/or the relatively low spatial resolution of available data on residual ash volumes may have obscured this effect. The results suggest that the spill influenced turtle bioaccumulation of trace elements but that distance from the spill site may be a more important factor than residual ash in influencing postremediation bioaccumulation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:201–211. © 2016 SETAC
Modeling of corrosion of steel tubing in CO2 storage
Authors: Li Qiang , Cheng Y. Frank
Published: June 2016

In this work, a mechanistic model was developed to predict the corrosion rate of steel tubing under carbon storage conditions. The model integrates a number of sub‐models that quantify contributions of interrelated steps to the corrosion process. The water chemistry sub‐model determines the solution pH and the concentrations of species. The electrochemical corrosion sub‐model assesses both charge‐transfer and mass‐transfer steps and their effects on corrosion. The scale formation and its role in corrosion are considered. The finite difference method is used to solve numerical equations, and a MetLab program was written for computation of the corrosion rate. The modeling results are validated by both laboratory testing and literature data. The parametric effects, including temperature, CO2 partial pressure, solution salinity, pH, time, etc., on corrosion are predicted. The limitations of the model are also discussed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Using Quantile and Asymmetric Least Squares Regression for Optimal Risk Adjustment
Authors: Lorenz Normann
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we analyze optimal risk adjustment for direct risk selection (DRS). Integrating insurers' activities for risk selection into a discrete choice model of individuals' health insurance choice shows that DRS has the structure of a contest. For the contest success function (csf) used in most of the contest literature (the Tullock‐csf), optimal transfers for a risk adjustment scheme have to be determined by means of a restricted quantile regression, irrespective of whether insurers are primarily engaged in positive DRS (attracting low risks) or negative DRS (repelling high risks). This is at odds with the common practice of determining transfers by means of a least squares regression. However, this common practice can be rationalized for a new csf, but only if positive and negative DRSs are equally important; if they are not, optimal transfers have to be calculated by means of a restricted asymmetric least squares regression. Using data from German and Swiss health insurers, we find considerable differences between the three types of regressions. Optimal transfers therefore critically depend on which csf represents insurers' incentives for DRS and, if it is not the Tullock‐csf, whether insurers are primarily engaged in positive or negative DRS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer‐Aided Ergonomic Analysis for Assembly Unit of an Agricultural Device
Authors: Gonen Demet , Oral Ali , Yosunlukaya Mehmet
Published: June 2016

In many applications, those who work on assembly processes are required to work in nonergonomic stances. Incorrect positions may cause strain and persistent problems. In addition, strain in workers’ bodies also has a negative effect on labor productivity. Ergonomics should be applied to avoid this kind of negative impact on workers’ health as well as productivity. Ergonomics introduces the basic principles of system productivity and human‐machine‐environment relationship. With a series of computer‐aided ergonomics analysis (CAEA), necessary precautions can be taken in advance by determining the undesirable stances. Through CAEA, productivity for machinery and comfort for people can be ensured by creating an efficient working environment without causing health problems for workers who work in production. In this study, in an agricultural equipment producing company, current working positions of a worker carrying out tasks during the assembly of wheel hay rakes, have been evaluated via the CATIA Ergonomic Analysis Module. On the basis of the results, the design of the assembly unit was ergonomically improved. As a result of the improvement in the working environment, unfavorable stance positions were avoided and production time was decreased by 60%.
Developing Distinctive Degrees
Authors: Goodchild Lester F. , Chambers Crystal Renée , Freeman Sydney
Published: June 2016

Understanding one's competitive stance in a globally competitive environment provides the requisite awareness to maintain both competitive edge and institutional responsiveness. In this chapter, three case studies are presented to provide examples of ways in which strategic scanning can enhance the academic program development process and how offices of institutional research may assist in launching potentially distinctive academic degrees.
Establishing a Research Center: The Minority Male Community College Collaborative (M2C3)
Authors: Wood J. Luke , Urias Marissa Vasquez , Harris Frank
Published: June 2016

This chapter describes the establishment of the Minority Male Community College Collaborative (M2C3), a research and practice center at San Diego State University. M2C3 partners with community colleges across the United States to enhance access, achievement, and success among men of color. This chapter begins with a description of the national trends and concerns that led to the center's focus on supporting the capacity of community colleges to address challenges facing historically underrepresented and underserved men, particularly men of color. Next, the chapter describes the concepts of “equity‐mindedness” and “institutional responsibility” that informed the conceptualization of the center's intervention approach. Guided by these concepts, partnerships advanced by institutional assessment tools such as the Community College Survey of Men (CCSM), the Community College Insights Protocol (CCIP), and the Community College Student Success Inventory (CCSSI) are described.
An Academic Innovation: The Executive Ph.D. in Urban Higher Education at a Historically Black University
Authors: Stevenson Joseph Martin , Payne Alfredda Hunt
Published: June 2016

This chapter describes how data analysis and data‐driven decision making were critical for designing, developing, and assessing a new academic program. The authors—one, the program's founder; the other, an alumna—begin by highlighting some of the elements in the program's incubation and, subsequently, describe some of the components for data management that are required for program quality. The chapter is divided into the following six sections: historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and the EPhD; mission of the EPhD; program overview, objectives, and implementation; alignment and first cohort experiences; and the role of institutional research. In short, institutional research serves a central role in the design, development, and success of this innovative program.
Attending to Pleasure and Purpose in Multiliteracies Instructional Practices: Insights From Transnational Youths
Authors: Skerrett Allison
Published: June 2016

In this commentary, the author examines some contributions of the New London Group's theory of a pedagogy of multiliteracies, as well as recent critiques of how this framework has been applied in literacy research and instructional practice. She draws on her research with transnational youths—young people who claim multiple national affiliations and maintain significant ties to two or more countries—to facilitate this analysis. The author's goal is to offer some possibilities for redesigning uses of a pedagogy of multiliteracies to better illuminate dimensions of literate activity, such as pleasure, that are sometimes obscured in classroom life. Redesigned instruction would prioritize building authentic and caring human relationships across difference and affinity, stretching out time for enjoyment of learning processes and activities, and pursuing literacy objectives that students and teachers agree on as valuable.
Surface, Deep, and Transfer? Considering the Role of Content Literacy Instructional Strategies
Authors: Frey Nancy , Fisher Douglas , Hattie John
Published: June 2016

This article provides an organizational review of content literacy instructional strategies to forward a claim that some strategies work better for surface learning, whereas others are more effective for deep learning and still others for transfer learning. The authors argue that the failure to adopt content literacy strategies by disciplinary teachers may be due, in part, to the mismatch between the approach and the level of learning expected.
Climate Change Disclosures Are Getting Hotter
Authors: Harrast Steven , Olsen Lori
Published: June 2016

Since the publication of climate change disclosure guidance by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2010, the number of 10‐K disclosures has seen more than a twofold increase. Climate change disclosures are disclosures of risk from severe weather events and pollution, although a company may also report opportunities arising from climate change. In general, companies reporting weather risks disclose the potential for property damage and/or temporary loss of business. Companies with significant greenhouse gas and other nuisance emissions disclose risks due to litigation and the cost of compliance with regulations imposed by governmental bodies. A few companies have disclosed opportunities arising from climate change including initiatives to develop plant‐based plastics and renewable energy sources. The article provides a portrait of compliance with an emerging area of corporate risk disclosure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing IT Change—Tools and Programs
Authors: Worster Art , Weirich Thomas R. , Andera Frank
Published: June 2016

This article identifies various conflicts that arise before, during, or immediately after the introduction of integrated applications with other programs that may be operating simultaneously. A variety of tools and programs are discussed that have traditionally created conflicts that have sabotaged enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations. Some of these programs often compete directly or indirectly with ERP programs for resources and attention. While this points to the need to manage continuous change, it also suggests a permanent function with responsibility to manage all of the elements of the change process. Until the organization ceases to have new customers, markets, vendors, products, leaders, and workers, the need to manage the change process itself becomes a key component in allowing the business to continuously change to achieve financial success. This is required to remain close to the customers, where the real effect of change is realized. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chondrogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cell‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by TGFβ1 and BMP7 Through Increased TGFβ Receptor Expression and Endogenous TGFβ1 Production
Authors: Lee Patrick T. , Li Wan‐Ju
Published: June 2016

For decades stem cells have proven to be invaluable to the study of tissue development. More recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) (ESC‐MSCs) have emerged as a cell source with great potential for the future of biomedical research due to their enhanced proliferative capability compared to adult tissue‐derived MSCs and effectiveness of musculoskeletal lineage‐specific cell differentiation compared to ESCs. We have previously compared the properties and differentiation potential of ESC‐MSCs to bone marrow‐derived MSCs. In this study, we evaluated the potential of TGFβ1 and BMP7 to induce chondrogenic differentiation of ESC‐MSCs compared to that of TGFβ1 alone and further investigated the cellular phenotype and intracellular signaling in response to these induction conditions. Our results showed that the expression of cartilage‐associated markers in ESC‐MSCs induced by the TGFβ1 and BMP7 combination was increased compared to induction with TGFβ1 alone. The TGFβ1 and BMP7 combination upregulated the expression of TGFβ receptor and the production of endogenous TGFβs compared to TGFβ1 induction. The growth factor combination also increasingly activated both of the TGF and BMP signaling pathways, and inhibition of the signaling pathways led to reduced chondrogenesis of ESC‐MSCs. Our findings suggest that by adding BMP7 to TGFβ1‐supplemented induction medium, ESC‐MSC chondrogenesis is upregulated through increased production of endogenous TGFβ and activities of TGFβ and BMP signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 172–181, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cane Toad Skin Extract—Induced Upregulation and Increased Interaction of Serotonin 2A and D2 Receptors via Gq/11 Signaling Pathway in CLU213 Cells
Authors: Zulfiker Abu Hasanat Md. , Hashimi Saeed M. , Good David A. , Grice I. Darren , Wei Ming Q.
Published: June 2016

Recent evidences show that activation of serotonin 2A receptors (5‐HT2AR) by agonists is significant in improving therapeutic activity of disease conditions, such as obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Though the exact molecular mechanism is still not well understood, it is thought to involve agonist‐driven, enhanced expression of 5‐HT2AR in certain areas of brain, such as the pre‐frontal cortex (PFC). Several other reports have also demonstrated association of OCD with lower dopamine receptor (D2R) availability, primarily in the striatum of the brain along with dysfunction of 5‐HT2AR‐D2R heteromer regulation. We thus hypothesized that compound(s) interacting with this molecular mechanism could be developed as drugs for long‐term beneficial effects against OCD. In the present study, we have obtained experimental evidence in cultured neuronal cells (CLU213) that aqueous extract (AE, 50 μg/mL, P < 0.05) of the Australian cane toad skin significantly increased the levels of 5‐HT2AR and D2R protein and mRNA expression. AE was also found to enhance the interaction between 5‐HT2AR and D2R and formation of expression of 5‐HT2AR‐D2R heteromer using co‐immunoprecipitation and Western blot. Further investigation showed the involvement of classical signaling pathway (Gq/11‐PLCβ) along with c‐FOS transcription factor preferentially in 5‐HT2A‐mediated agonist activation. These results obtained demonstrated that AE upregulates 5‐HT2AR by a mechanism that appears to involve Gq/11‐PLCβ signaling pathway and c‐FOS transcription factor activation. We indicate this enhanced 5‐HT2AR and D2R expression and their interaction to induce increased 5‐HT2AR‐D2R heteromer formation by exposure to AE might provide a molecular mechanism to develop potential novel drug candidates to ameliorate OCD symptoms. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 979–993, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Different Anesthetic Methods on Cellular Immune and Neuroendocrine Functions in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Before and After Surgery
Authors: Sun Hui‐Zhen , Song Yan‐Ling , Wang Xiang‐Yun
Published: June 2016

Background

Many anesthesia methods have been studies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to explore the effects of combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia and combined general and epidural anesthesia on cellular immune function and neuroendocrine function in patients with HCC before and after surgery.

Methods

Between September 2012 and April 2014, 72 patients who underwent a hepatectomy in our hospital were enrolled.

Results

Compared with the combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia group, the combined general and epidural anesthesia group demonstrated increased CD4+/CD8+ T cells 0 hr after surgery, increased CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ cells, and IFN‐γ levels 12 hr after surgery, and increased CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ cells 24 hr after surgery (all P < 0.05). At 72 hr after surgery, the levels of ACTH and Cor in the combined general and epidural anesthesia group, and the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ cells, and IFN‐γ in both the combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia and the combined general and epidural anesthesia groups decreased to pre‐surgery levels. Significant differences were observed in the comparisons of CD3+, IL‐6, and IL‐10 between the combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia and the combined general and epidural anesthesia groups 72 hr after surgery (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our results revealed that combined general and epidural anesthesia plays a crucial role in hepatectomy via the mitigation of the inhibition of immunologic function in HCC patients during the perioperative period. Combined general and epidural anesthesia also hastens the recovery of immunologic suppression after surgery, which can provide a certain reference for the selection of clinical anesthesia in the treatment of HCC.
Nickel Chloride Hexahydrate Catalyzed Multicomponent Biginelli's Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐Ones and Thiones
Authors: Gülten Şirin
Published: June 2016

An efficient protocol is reported for the one‐pot three‐component Bignelli synthesis of a series of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐ones and thiones in good yields (66–90%) from the aldehydes (4‐benzyloxybenzaldehyde, 5‐bromovanilin, 4‐formyl‐1‐cyclohexene, and trans‐cinnamaldehyde), β‐keto esters (ethyl acetoacetate, allyl acetoacetate, and t‐butyl acetoacetate), and urea/thiourea in ethanol, using nickel chloride hexahydrate as a catalyst.
The impact of a hospital outreach medication review service on hospital readmission and emergency department attendances
Authors: Hanna Mary , Larmour Ian , Wilson Sally , O'Leary Karen
Published: June 2016

Background

The Monash Health Hospital Outreach Medication Review (HOMR) service is a pharmacist‐led service that targets patients at high risk of medication misadventure in the immediate post‐discharge period.

Aim

To study the impact of a HOMR service on emergency department attendances and hospital admissions within an Australian hospital network.

Method

Information was collected on the total number of emergency department attendances and hospital admissions during the 12‐month period prior to, and after, the date a HOMR service was provided to the study group between 1 January 2012 and 22 November 2012. This was compared to a control group who were referred to the service and were eligible, but rejected the service. Patients were stratified by age (≤50, 51–65 and >65 years) to determine any age‐related variations and tõhen investigated excluding regular, planned admissions (dialysis, chemotherapy or transfusion‐related).

Results

The 398 patients in the study group had a total of 1691 admissions in the 12‐month period pre‐HOMR. The total number of admissions in the 12‐month period post‐HOMR was higher than during the pre‐HOMR period for both the control and study groups. When an age subanalysis was conducted and regular planned admissions were excluded, patients aged 51–65 years exhibited a 25% reduction in hospital admissions (χ2 = 6.14, p < 0.05). There was no significant reduction in admissions for the other age groups or in emergency department attendances.

Conclusion

The provision of HOMR outreach services has a valuable role to play in a clearly identified population that is at high risk of medication misadventure.
Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome
Authors: Gupta Deepali , Forbes Malcolm , McKean Mitchell
Published: June 2016

Here a rare but clinically important adverse reaction to anticonvulsant medication is presented in the form of an original case report. This report discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS). AHS is estimated to occur in one in every 1000–10 000 exposures. However, its true incidence is unknown due to variable presentations. Given the frequent use of anticonvulsants and the potentially fatal complications of this adverse event, it is important all clinicians are aware of this presentation. Potential for cross‐reactivity must be considered when selecting anticonvulsant drug therapy in a patient who has a history of AHS. Clinical pharmacists play a vital role in identifying potential adverse reactions and advising on their management.
Geriatric medicine and pharmacy practice: a historical perspective
Authors: Elliott Rohan A.
Published: June 2016

Modern geriatric medicine evolved in Britain between the 1930s and 1970s. In Australia, the first comprehensive geriatric service was described in the 1950s. However, it was not until the 1980s that geriatric medicine began to gain widespread acceptance as a medical specialty. There has been a slow but steady growth in geriatric services in most developed countries since that time, and more recently in developing nations. Various models of geriatric medical care have been developed, including geriatrician‐led geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) services and shared‐care services such as orthogeriatrics. The number of older people, often with multiple comorbidities and geriatric syndromes, seen in most areas of medical and surgical practice has risen significantly over recent decades, and as a result some of the principles of geriatric medicine, in particular ‘comprehensive geriatric assessment’, have been adopted outside of specialist geriatric services, including the primary care setting. Managing and preventing iatrogenic disease and polypharmacy became an important element of geriatric medicine as the range of therapeutic drugs grew and life expectancy and multi‐morbidity increased. Geriatric pharmacy practice evolved in the mid‐1970s in theUSA, and the 1980s–1990s in other developed countries. It was recognised as a specialty with the introduction of the Certified Geriatric Pharmacist credential in 1997. This paper describes the evolution of the principles and practice of geriatric medicine and pharmacy practice.
Simple high‐performance liquid chromatography method for formaldehyde determination in human tissue through derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine
Authors: Yilmaz Bilal , Asci Ali , Kucukoglu Kaan , Albayrak Mevlut
Published: June 2016

A simple high‐performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of formaldehyde in human tissue. FA Formaldehyde was derivatized with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine. It was extracted from human tissue with ethyl acetate by liquid–liquid extraction and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 5.0–200 μg/mL. Intra‐ and interday precision values for formaldehyde in tissue were <6.9%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 6.5%. The extraction recoveries of formaldehyde from human tissue were between 88 and 98%. The limits of detection and quantification of formaldehyde were 1.5 and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. Also, this assay was applied to liver samples taken from a biopsy material.
Chemical characteristics of different parts of Coreopsis tinctoria in China using microwave‐assisted extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography followed by chemometric analysis
Authors: Lam Shing‐Chung , Liu Xin , Chen Xian‐Qiang , Hu De‐Jun , Zhao Jing , Long Ze‐Rong , Fan Bing , Li Shao‐Ping
Published: June 2016

Coreopsis tinctoria, also called “snow chrysanthemum” in China, is a flower tea material that has been reported to possess excellent pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The chemical characteristics of different parts (flowers, buds, seeds, stems, and leaves) of C. tinctoria were investigated based on microwave‐assisted extraction and the simultaneous determination of 13 major active compounds by high‐performance liquid chromatography, including taxifolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, chlorogenic acid, (R/S)‐flavanomarein, isocoreopsin, quercetagetin‐7‐O‐glucoside, isookanin, 5,7,3′,5′‐tetrahydroxyflavanone‐7‐O‐glucoside, marein, 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid, coreopsin, okanin, 5,7,3′,5′‐tetrahydroxyflavanone, and N1,N5,N10,N14‐tetra‐p‐coumaroylspermine. Chemometric analysis based on the contents of investigated compounds from 13 samples showed that C. tinctoria and the related flower tea materials, Chrysanthemum morifolium cv “Hangju” and “Gongju,” were in different clusters, and different parts (flowers, buds, seeds, stems, and leaves) of C. tinctoria were obviously different. This study is helpful for the quality control and pharmacological evaluation of different parts from C. tinctoria and its related products.
Vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing as an objective measure of vestibular stimulation with cochlear implants
Authors: Parkes William J. , Gnanasegaram Joshua J. , Cushing Sharon L. , McKnight Carmen L. , Papsin Blake C. , Gordon Karen A.
Published: June 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine if vestibular potentials could be elicited with electrical stimulation from cochlear implants.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Vestibular responsiveness to electrical stimulation from cochlear implants was assessed via vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing in 53 pediatric and young adult patients.

Results

Thirty‐one participants (58%) showed at least one vestibular potential in response to acoustic stimulation; 33 (62%) had an electrically evoked vestibular response. A cervical VEMP (cVEMP) was present in 45 of the 96 tested ears (47%) in response to acoustic stimulation, and in 34 ears (35%) with electrical stimulation. An ocular VEMP (oVEMP) was elicited acoustically in 25 ears (26%) and electrically in 34 (35%) ears. In the ears with absent responses to acoustic stimuli, electrically evoked cVEMPs and oVEMPs were present in 14 (27%) and 18 (25%) ears, respectively. Electric VEMPs demonstrated shorter latencies than acoustic VEMPs (P < .01). Whereas an increased prevalence of VEMPs was seen at high stimulation levels (P < .01), there was no difference between prevalence proportions with basal (electrode 3) or apical (electrode 20) stimulation (P > .05).

Conclusions

VEMPs can be elicited with electrical stimulation in a proportion of children with cochlear implants, demonstrating current spread from the cochlea to the vestibular system. The presence of electric VEMPs in acoustically nonresponsive ears, along with the shorter latencies of electrically driven VEMPs, suggests that electrical current can bypass the otoliths and directly stimulate vestibular neural elements.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:E75–E81, 2017
Characteristics of superior orbital subperiosteal abscesses in children
Authors: Quintanilla‐Dieck Lourdes , Chinnadurai Sivakumar , Goudy Steven L. , Virgin Frank W.
Published: June 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Superior pediatric orbital subperiosteal abscesses (SPAs) are less common than medial ones, and clinical features specific to patients with superior SPAs have not been well defined. Clinical characteristics between patients with superior and medial SPAs are compared to determine whether superior location is a risk factor for surgical intervention.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

The target population consisted of patients diagnosed with an SPA and seen by the pediatric otolaryngology service at a tertiary children's hospital between January 2010 and October 2014. Imaging characteristics including proptosis, hypoglobus, intraorbital air, and abscess volume as well as treatment interventions were reviewed.

Results

Forty patients between 5 and 17 years of age treated for an orbital SPA were identified. Thirteen patients were identified as having superior SPAs; 27 had medial SPAs. The average ages in the two groups were 10.92 and 9.26 years, respectively. The odds ratio for surgical treatment per each increasing year of age was 1.5 (P = .004). The proportion of patients requiring surgery was significantly different between the groups (12/13 superior vs. 13/27 medial, P = .01). The predominant organism group cultured in surgical patients was Streptococcus anginosus (8/24, 29.17%). Superior SPA patients had significantly more proptosis, hypoglobus, and abscess volume on computed tomography scan.

Conclusions

Patients with superior SPAs may present with more advanced disease, leading to a higher rate of characteristics such as proptosis, hypoglobus, and intraorbital air, factors that would predispose to surgical drainage. We found that abscess volume was the most predictive of surgery.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 127:735–740, 2017
Anisotropic UH model for soils based on a simple transformed stress method
Authors: Yao Y. , Tian Y. , Gao Z.
Published: June 2016

A simple method called anisotropic transformed stress (ATS) method is proposed to develop failure criteria and constitutive models for anisotropic soils. In this method, stress components in different directions are modified differently in order to reflect the effect of anisotropy. It includes two steps of mapping of stress. First, a modified stress tensor is introduced, which is a symmetric multiplication of stress tensor and fabric tensor. In the modified stress space, anisotropic soils can be treated to be isotropic. Second, a TS tensor is derived from the modified stress tensor for the convenience of developing anisotropic constitutive models to account for the effect of intermediate principal stress. By replacing the ordinary stress tensor with the TS tensor directly, the unified hardening model is extended to model the anisotropic deformation of soils. Anisotropic Lade's criterion is adopted for shear yield and shear failure in the model. The form of the original model formulations remains unchanged, and the model parameters are independent of the loading direction. Good agreement between the experimental results and predictions of the anisotropic unified hardening model is observed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A topology‐based scaling mechanism for Apache Storm
Authors: Shieh Ce‐Kuen , Huang Sheng‐Wei , Sun Li‐Da , Tsai Ming‐Fong , Chilamkurti Naveen
Published: June 2016

As more and more well‐known companies, such as Twitter, Yahoo, and Alibaba, start to focus on real‐time big data applications, how to build a platform for processing real‐time data becomes an important issue. Among all the real‐time processing systems, Apache Storm is the most well‐known and representative open‐source, distributed, real‐time computation system. In Storm, the computation is implemented by a topology such as a graph where nodes are operators and edges represent the data flows between operators. In big data processing and analysis systems, scalability is an important issue. Storm provides rebalance mechanism for its scalability property, which can adjust the parallelism of a running topology. However, there are some drawbacks in rebalance command, such as resource usage restriction and topology execution suspension. In this paper, we propose a topology‐based scaling mechanism for Apache Storm. When a topology is overloaded, it scales by adjusting the number of the cloned topologies or replaced by another new topology with more tasks. When scaling by topology‐based mechanism, it eliminates resource usage restriction and execution suspension in the topology, and the procedure is automatically launched. The experimental results show that our topology‐based scaling mechanism can improve the scaling performance of Storm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A primal‐dual active‐set method for distributed model predictive control
Authors: Koehler Sarah , Danielson Claus , Borrelli Francesco
Published: June 2016

We present a novel distributed primal‐dual active‐set method for model predictive control. The primal‐dual active‐set method is used for solving model predictive control problems for large‐scale systems with quadratic cost, linear dynamics, additive disturbance, and box constraints. The proposed algorithm is compared with dual decomposition and an alternating direction method of multipliers. Theoretical and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for large‐scale systems with communication delays. The application to building control systems is thoroughly investigated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Striatal hypoactivation and cognitive slowing in patients with partially remitted and remitted major depression
Authors: Hammar Åsa , Neto Emanuel , Clemo Leila , Hjetland Gunnhild J. , Hugdahl Kenneth , Elliott Rebecca
Published: June 2016

The present pilot study investigated neuronal correlates of executive functioning in patients previously diagnosed with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of the study was to examine a partially remitted and remittedMDDpatient group with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a cognitive activation paradigm in order to probe aspects of response inhibition, attention shift, and working memory. TwentyMDDpatients and 19 healthy controls, matched for age and sex, participated in the study. A working memory n‐back task with single presentations of incongruent Stroop words was used, with the instruction to either remember the color of the ink the word was written in, or the color word itself, presented two or three words back in the presentation series.MRimages were acquired on a 1.5‐TGE SignaHD MRscanner. In addition toMRdata, response time (RT) and response accuracy (RA) behavioral data were recorded. The behavioral results showed longerRTand lowerRAin theMDDgroup compared to the control group across instruction conditions and working memory load. Based on previous studies of executive function, a composite region of interest (ROI) mask of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), caudate, and putamen was used in statistical analysis. Significant activation was observed in controls throughout this corticostriatal network. When compared to controls, patients showed no significant difference in the level of activation in theACCand theDLPFC. However, in the putamen and caudate, hypoactivation in the patient group was observed. It was concluded that these effects could be due to a scar effect as a result of previous episodes ofMDD.
Slipping up on the sliding scale: fluid and electrolyte management in variable rate intravenous insulin infusions
Authors: Rickard LJ , Cubas V , Ward ST , Hanif W , Suggett E , Ismail T , Ghosh S
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to analyse variations in intravenous fluid therapy and electrolyte management with variable rate intravenous insulin infusions (VRIIIs); and to quantify serum electrolyte changes pre‐ versus post‐VRIII and variations therein depending on supplemented fluid electrolyte compositions.

A retrospective study was undertaken involving 174 VRIIIs prescribed over a 10‐week period at a tertiary teaching hospital. Each VRIII had their associated fluid prescription and serum electrolytes analysed.

The results showed that 5% dextrose (46%) and 0.9% NaCl (34%) were the most commonly prescribed fluids; 64% of fluids did not have the recommended potassium supplementation. Administration of a VRIII resulted in a significant drop in serum potassium levels (p < 0.0001) for those who did not receive supplementation. There was no drop in serum potassium for those patients who did receive supplemental potassium. Eleven patients (6.4%) developed new‐onset hypokalaemia (K ≤3.5 mmol/L) after implementation of a VRIII.

Our study supports the hypothesis that VRIIIs cause hypokalaemia and that this can be averted by supplemental potassium, thus preventing potentially avoidable hypokalaemic complications. A large variation exists in prescribing fluids with VRIIIs. Introduction of the national surgical and medical VRIII guidelines, together with improved availability to recommended fluids, and a quality improvement project, are our next steps to improve patient outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons.
Phosphoric acid doped poly(2,5‐benzimidazole)‐based proton exchange membrane for high temperature fuel cell application
Authors: Nayak Ratikanta , Dey Tapobrata , Ghosh Prakash C. , Bhattacharyya Arup R.
Published: June 2016

Undoped and doped poly(2,5‐benzimidazole) (ABPBI) membrane was prepared by solvent casting method using methane sulfonic acid as a solvent and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as a doping agent. The concentration of H3PO4 was varied from 0 to 60 vol% to enhance the proton conductivity of the ABPBI membrane at higher temperature. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction analysis showed a decrease in crystallinity in ABPBI membrane with increase in H3PO4 doping concentration. The molecular signature and the presence of H3PO4 was observed in 1000–1500 cm−1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectra, which was also supported by a corresponding weight loss at 180°C–200°C in the thermogravimetric analysis. Undoped ABPBI membrane registered the Young's modulus (E) and hardness (H) values of 2.46 and 0.92 GPa, respectively, and the corresponding E and H values for 1.65 doping level of 60 vol% H3PO4 doped ABPBI membrane were 0.14 and 0.067 GPa, respectively. The 60 vol% H3PO4 doped ABPBI membrane with doping level of 1.65 showed highest proton conductivity value of 2.2 × 10−2 S/cm. The impedance spectroscopic analysis and the equivalent circuit model were discussed to understand the nature of proton conduction in H3PO4 doped ABPBI membrane. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1366–1374, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation of polyelectrolyte‐stabilized silver nanoparticles for catalytic applications
Authors: Viswanathan Perumal , Ramaraj Ramasamy
Published: June 2016

A facile and green method is developed for the preparation of polyelectrolyte‐stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using dopamine as a reducing agent. The AgNPs were prepared in the presence of the polyelectrolyte poly[acrylamide‐co‐(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)] (PADA) and amine‐functionalized silane matrices. Interestingly, only amine‐functionalized silanes led to AgNPs in the presence of PADA, whereas silane without amine functionalization failed to produce them. The catalytic ability of the AgNPs was investigated by adopting a benchmark reaction, i.e. reduction of 4‐nitrophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride. It was found that PADA‐Ag(0.1)‐TPDT (TPDT = N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine) showed better catalytic activity when compared to other silver concentrations of 0.05, 0.5 and 1 mmol L−1. Remarkably, a very high normalized rate constant, 20 374 s−1 g−1, was observed for PADA‐Ag(0.1)‐TPDT. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect on catalysis by replacement of catalytic residue from hen egg white lysozyme to Venerupis philippinarum lysozyme*
Authors: Abe Yoshito , Kubota Mitsuru , Takazaki Shinya , Ito Yuji , Yamamoto Hiromi , Kang Dongchon , Ueda Tadashi , Imoto Taiji
Published: June 2016

Asn46Asp/Asp52Ser or Asn46Glu/Asp52Ser hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) mutant was designed by introducing the substituted catalytic residue Asp46 or Glu46, respectively, based on Venerupis philippinarum (Vp) lysozyme structure as a representative of invertebrate‐type (i‐type) lyzozyme. These mutations restored the bell‐shaped pH‐dependency of the enzyme activity from the sigmoidal pH‐dependency observed for the Asp52Ser mutant. Furthermore both lysozyme mutants possessed retaining mechanisms like Vp lysozyme and HEL. The Asn46Glu/Asp52Ser mutant, which has a shorter distance between two catalytic residues, formed a glycosyl adduct in the reaction with the N‐acetylglucosamine oligomer. Furthermore, we found the accelerated turnover through its glycosyl adduct formation and decomposition. The turnover rate estimated from the glycosyl formation and decomposition rates was only 20% of the observed hydrolysis rate of the substrate. Based on these results, we discussed the catalytic mechanism of lysozymes.
Quantifying the Random Component of Measurement Error of Nominal Measurements Without a Gold Standard
Authors: Akkerhuis T. S. , de Mast J.
Published: June 2016

It is well known that measurement error of numerical measurements can be divided into a systematic and a random component and that only the latter component is estimable if there is no gold standard or reference standard available. In this paper, we consider measurement error of nominal measurements. We motivate that, on a nominal measurement scale too, measurement error has a systematic and a random component and only the random component is estimable without gold standard.

Especially in literature about binary measurement error, it is common to quantify measurement error by ‘false classification probabilities’: the probabilities that measurement outcomes are unequal to the correct outcomes. These probabilities can be split up in a systematic and a random component. We quantify the random component by ‘inconsistent classification probabilities’ (ICPs): the probabilities that a measurement outcome is unequal to the modal (instead of correct) outcome. Systematic measurement error then is the event that this modal outcome is unequal to the correct outcome.

We introduce an estimator for theICPs and evaluate its properties in a simulation study. We end with a case study that demonstrates not only the determination and use of theICPs but also demonstrates how the proposed modeling can be used for formal hypothesis testing. Things to test include differences between appraisers and random classification by a single appraiser. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation Analysis in Contaminated Data by Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Canas , Mahmoudvand Rahim
Published: June 2016

Correlation analysis is one of the standard and most informative descriptive statistical tools when studying relationships between variables in bivariate and multivariate data. However, when data is contaminated with outlying observations, the standard Pearson correlation might be misleading and result in erroneous outcomes.

In this paper, we propose three new approaches to find linear correlation based on the nonparametric method designed to analyse time series data, the singular spectrum analysis. In these proposals, the correlation is obtained after removing the noise from the data by using singular spectrum analysis based methods. The usefulness of our proposals in contaminated data is assessed by Monte Carlo simulation with different schemes of contamination, and with applications to real data on aluminium industry and synthetic sparse data. In addition, the model comparisons are made with robust hybrid filtering methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.