bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STEM Career Interest at the Intersection of Attitude, Gender, Religion, and Urban Education
Authors: Alsup Philip R.
Published: March 2019

Inspiring learners toward career options available in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) is important not only for economic development but also for maintaining creative thinking and innovation. Limited amounts of research in STEM education have focused on the population of students enrolled in religious and parochial schools in urban settings; yet given the historic conflict between religion and science, this large sector of American education is worthy of examination. This chapter incorporates Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise as it relates to occupational aspirations, Bem's Gender Schema Theory to explain the role of gender in career expectations, and Crenshaw's Intersectionality Theory as it pertains to religion and urban location as group identifiers. Practical interventions for encouraging young students to consider STEM careers are discussed.
Lightweight Nanocomposites Polymers for Shielding Application
Authors: Darwish Mohamed
Published: March 2019

Electromagnetic waves can have serious effects on human health by long-term exposure. Developing lightweight materials with good electromagnetic radiation shielding (EMS) that could prevent interference is a high desire for protection. Nanocomposites polymers have a wide range of potential applications and offers suggested solutions in environmental and aerospace applications. This chapter will cover the current challenge in the reduction of electromagnetic wave by developing lightweight absorber material with a wide absorption frequency. A wide range of different nanocomposites polymers contain conductive fillers such as metal or magnetic nanoparticles and carbon-based materials will be discussed. In addition, EMS mechanisms of reflection, absorption, and multiple reflections will be discussed. The unique of the chemical and physical properties of nanocomposites polymers are promising for shielding with low-cost environmentally friendly material.
Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites Thermal and Mechanical Properties Modelling
Authors: Kosti Siddhartha
Published: March 2019

This chapter deals with the modelling of nanomaterial and nanocomposite mechanical and thermal properties. Enrichment in the technology requires materials having higher thermal properties or higher structural properties. Nanomaterials and nanocomposites can serve this purpose accurately for aerospace or thermal applications and structural applications respectively. The thermal system requires materials having high thermal conductivity while structural system requires materials having high strength. Selection of the material for particular application is very critical and requires knowledge and experience. Al, Cu, TiO2, Al2O3, etc. are considered for thermal applications while epoxy-glass, FRP, etc. are considered for structural applications. Modelling of these nanomaterials and nanocomposites is done with the help of different mathematical models available in the literature. Results show that addition of the nanoparticle/composite in the base material can enhance the thermal and structural properties. Results also show that amount of weight percentage added also affects the properties.
Out-Group Treatment in Higher Education
Authors: Havard Cody T. , Ryan Timothy T. , Workman Skylar S.
Published: March 2019

The chapter investigates differences in the ways college students compare to out-groups using the different NCAA competition divisions. In particular, students enrolled at schools in all six (i.e., Power Five, Group of Five, FCS, DI No Football, DII, DIII) reported their perceptions of rival school's athletics teams using the Sport Rivalry Fan Perception Scale (SRFPS). Differences were found regarding student perceptions among competition divisions. Specifically, attendance at a Power Five School influenced student's willingness to support rival teams against other teams, the enjoyment from defeating the rival team, perceptions of rival academic prestige and fan behavior, and likelihood of experiencing Glory Out of Reflected Failure (GORFing), or celebrating when the rival experiences indirect failure. Further, students attending DI No Football Schools and DIII Schools chose academic prestige as a way to derogate their rival schools. Discussion focuses on implications to higher education and avenues for future research.
Who Is Your GOAT?
Authors: Limbach Matthias , Schmidt Steffen , Joekel Deborah Elisabeth , Wiedmann Klaus-Peter , Reiter Philipp , Langner Sascha
Published: March 2019

There is little research explaining how affective dispositions of fans such as love and hate toward an athlete or team can determine sport rivalry. In consumer research, the concept of love and hate are often investigated related to brands. In view of the fact that sport athletes and sport teams can be described and managed as brands, the concept of brand love and brand hate is also applicable in sport marketing. Against that backdrop, the research question guiding the present chapter is: What is the impact of implicit and explicit love as well as hate toward an athlete in a rivalry competition? The current study extends the sport rivalry model as proposed by Dalakas and Melancon. With that said, the purpose of the present study is to integrate and examine fans' affective dispositions in terms of athlete love and athlete hate as potential key drivers and emotional appeal as further key outcome within a sport rivalry context.
On Cyber Crimes and Cyber Security
Authors: Alansari Mariam M. H. , Aljazzaf Zainab M. , Sarfraz Muhammad
Published: March 2019

The world has become more advanced in communication, especially after the invention of the internet. A key issue facing today's society is the increase in cybercrime or e-crimes (electronic crimes), another term for cybercrime. Thus, e-crimes pose threats to nations, organizations, and individuals across the globe. It has become widespread in many parts of the world, and millions of people are victims of e-crimes. Given the serious nature of e-crimes, its global nature, and implications, it is clear that there is a crucial need for a common understanding of such criminal activity internationally to deal with it effectively. This chapter covers the definitions, types, and intrusions of e-crimes. It has also focused on the laws against e-crimes in different countries. Cybersecurity and searching methods to get secured are also part of the study.
Design of an Intelligent Data Cache with Replacement Policy
Authors: Begum B. Shameedha , Ramasubramanian N.
Published: March 2019

Embedded systems are designed for a variety of applications ranging from Hard Real Time applications to mobile computing, which demands various types of cache designs for better performance. Since real-time applications place stringent requirements on performance, the role of the cache subsystem assumes significance. Reconfigurable caches meet performance requirements under this context. Existing reconfigurable caches tend to use associativity and size for maximizing cache performance. This article proposes a novel approach of a reconfigurable and intelligent data cache (L1) based on replacement algorithms. An intelligent embedded data cache and a dynamic reconfigurable intelligent embedded data cache have been implemented using Verilog 2001 and tested for cache performance. Data collected by enabling the cache with two different replacement strategies have shown that the hit rate improves by 40% when compared to LRU and 21% when compared to MRU for sequential applications which will significantly improve performance of embedded real time application.
Model Predictive Control of the Punch Speed for Damage Reduction in Isothermal Hot Forming
Authors: Bambach Markus , Herty Michael
Published: March 2019

Isothermal forging processes are typically used for near-net shaping of high-performance components such as turbine discs and blades. Recent developments have introduced isothermally forged titanium aluminides into commercial jet engines. Titanium aluminides are lightweight intermetallic compounds with excellent creep properties but very limited ductility. Their low workability requires isothermal forging at slow strain rates, which is typically kept constant in the process. This work explores the possibility of controlling the strain rate during the process using model predictive control, so that the process time is reduced while the microstructure transformation and the amount of damage introduced into the workpiece are controlled. The results of isothermal compression with friction show that both an acceleration of the process and a reduction of damage are possible using the suggested control strategy.
Development of a Friction Welded Joint for Future Industrial Application
Authors: Schubert Nadine , Sterzig Andreas , Mauermann Reinhard , Hilbers Sören , Kolbe Peter , Kuhn Christian
Published: March 2019

Ship transport continues to be the most economical intercontinental means of transportation, which is becoming more and more under observation due to increasing international environmental protection regulations. In order to protect the marine biotope, the government is introducing stricter exhaust emission regulations, which mean the further development of low-emission large engines and thus make the development of new combustion chamber components indispensable. This paper presents FE simulations of a friction welding process for two metallic materials, which are being developed as part of a BMWi joint project for the production of innovative combustion chamber components. In addition, the first results of the simulations and their comparison with real tests are presented.
Further Development of Process Maps for TRIP Matrix Composites during Powder Forging
Authors: Kirschner Markus , Guk Sergey , Kawalla Rudolf , Prahl Ulrich
Published: March 2019

Process maps according to Parasad et al. are already widely used to make statements about the formability of materials and their forming energy. However, these process maps only apply to conventional incompressible materials. At the TU Bergakademie Freiberg, these process maps have already been extended for particle-reinforced incompressible solid materials with a homogeneous particle distribution. The next step is to adapt the model for compressible particle-reinforced matertials so that they can also be used in powder metallurgy. The problem here is that the volume decreases as a result of compaction during powder forming. In powder metallurgy, however, compaction plays an important role. On the one hand, the compaction of the components leads to an increase in the material properties. On the other hand, pores pose a high risk of fractures and cracking. For this reason, it is the aim of this paper to make the existing process maps for incompressible materials usable for compressible materials by corresponding adaptations of the models prevailing in powder metallurgy. Furthermore, the effects of a homogeneous particle distribution and a graded particle distribution within the TRIP matrix composites on the process maps will be investigated. For this reason, process maps are produced in the temperature ranges between 700 – 1050 °C, with forming speeds of 0.001 – 100 s-1 and residual porosity of 10 – 30 %. For this purpose, specimens with corresponding residual porosity and homogeneously distributed ZrO2 5 vol.%, 10 vol.%, 15 vol.% and 20 vol.% as well as a graded layer structure of corresponding ZrO2 proportions are prepared. With the aid of these specimens, flow curves are determined and adjusted at appropriate temperatures and forming speeds during compression tests. The energy dissipation and an instability map are then modelled from these flow curves and a process map is derived. It was found that with increasing ZrO2 content in the homogeneous and the graded structure, the areas that allow damage-free forming become smaller. The same applies with decreasing residual porosity. Nevertheless, the areas, which allow failure-free forming, are larger than the possible forming areas of solid components. However, the power dissipation efficiency of incompressible specimens is significantly lower than that of compressible specimen [1]. In addition, it was observed that with increasing ZrO2 content and decreasing residual porosity, the efficiency of the power dissipation in the formable areas decreases. It was also found that the distribution of the reinforcing particles has a significant influence on the flow curves and the associated process maps, then the graded specimen do not represent a superposition of the individual process maps of the homogeneous specimens.
Effect of Spheroidization Annealing on Pearlite Banding
Authors: Guk Sergey , Augenstein Eva , Zapara Maksim , Kawalla Rudolf , Prahl Ulrich
Published: March 2019

The present paper deals with the influence of the duration of isothermal spheroidization annealing on the evolution of pearlite bands in various initial states. In this study, two initial conditions of the steel 16MnCrS5 are considered: a) industrially hot-rolled pearlite structures in their ferritic matrix and b) a specifically adjusted microstructure in the lab condition. Based on the experimental investigations and quantitative microstructural analyses, an empirical model for the prediction of pearlite banding within a broad range of annealing durations could be derived. Both, experiment and model, agree that pronounced pearlite bands in the initial state almost disappear after 25 h of spheroidization annealing. On the other hand, a marginal degree of pearlite banding in the initial state increases slightly during annealing. This fact could be explained by inhomogeneous cementite formation inside and outside the primary segregation regions of manganese.
Trends and Solutions for Future Steel Grade Development
Authors: Rimnac Axel , Pfatschbacher Thomas
Published: March 2019

The world steel market is in a phase of maturity. Worldwide growth in steel demand is expected to be in the range of 1% per year and the world’s biggest market, China, is facing a phase of stagnating or even diminishing steel demand. The situation has changed from a supplier driven to a customer driven market meaning that customer demands are increasing and margins are dropping. Besides increasing levels of digitization and service orientation as well as the development of new sales channels the delivery of higher quality, introduction of new steel grades and further customization of high-end products to cover niche markets are of prime importance to keep or increase market shares. Besides efficient organization and execution of the daily business ranging from production to quality management and customer services paired with data-based insight, highly efficient research and development (R&D) with increasingly limited amount of resources is a must. This paper addresses the latter topic regarding trends for future steel grade demands and strategies for efficient R&D.
Additive Manufacturing Assisting the Design of Closed - Die Forgings
Authors: Szczepanik Stefan , Nikiel Piotr
Published: March 2019

Rebielskij-type design of a rolled con rod preform and appropriate upper and lower dies are presented. The proposed process was tested by Simufact Forming program and modifications made to satisfy the criteria of shape, stress and strain state and temperature distribution during processing. Based on the CAD documentation, a STL file was prepared for 3D polymer printing the die, the con rod preform and the forging. The results will enable 3D printing of prototypes in the appropriate metallic materials, leading to tool manufacture and processing in industrial conditions.
Application Specific Microstructure Development in Microalloyed Bainitic Hot Strip
Authors: Menzel Max , Höhne Anastasia , Gevelmann Gerhard , Tomitz Andreas , Prahl Ulrich , Bleck Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

During the hot rolling of bainitic steels, time and temperature must be controlled within narrow limits to avoid undesirable ferritic or martensitic phase fractions. In order to design a reliable process window for the production of bainitic steels, the effects of the different process parameters on the phase transformation and the final properties of a microalloyed and a non-microalloyed steel were investigated. Thermomechanical tests with the possibility of producing secondary samples were conducted to analyze the influence on the mechanical properties strength and toughness. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) were used to investigate the origin of the differing properties. In particular, it has been found that thermomechanical rolling of the microalloyed steel leads to an improvement in strength. This is partly due to the transformation kinetics and partly to strain-induced precipitations. Further, the hardening behavior is affected by the secondary phase within the bainitic matrix configured through the cooling strategy. Coarse Martensite/Austenite (MA) structures reduce toughness, whereas finely dispersed MA islands increase the hardening potential. Furthermore, the results from the material experiments were used to develop a rate model in combination with a nucleation model to predict the kinetics of the phase transformation and the shape of the bainitic microstructure.
Flexible Hot Rolling of Extruded Shapes of Aluminum Alloy EN AW-6082
Authors: Grydin Olexandr , Sotirov Nikolay , Samsonenko Andriy , Biba Nikolay , Andreiev Anatolii , Stolbchenko Mykhailo , Behr Teresa , Frolov Iaroslav , Schaper Mirko
Published: March 2019

One of the strategies employed to lower weight and to decrease material consumption is reducing part thickness itself. Thus, functionally graded materials in which structural reinforcement is adjusted locally, are of great interest. With regard to conventional industrial processes, such as extrusion or flexible cold rolling, thickness variations can only be achieved either longitudinally or through the cross-section of the semi-finished products. Hence, a combined thickness variation (along both axes) is difficult to generate solely by extrusion or rolling. A simultaneous thickness variation in both directions, however, would enable further weight savings in structural components such as car body parts. In this study, a promising approach with extruded shapes, serving as a billet for a flexible hot rolling process, is elaborated upon. By employing the described process modification, shapes with simultaneous thickness variations in longitudinal as well as in transverse direction are feasible. Initial numerical analysis reveals the weight-saving potential of using these semi-finished products for structural parts in a car body. A demonstration of the production process for the semi-finished parts and the occurring challenges are discussed. To verify and adjust the new technology, a numerical model of the flexible hot rolling process has been created based on the finite element software QForm VX. This model is also employed for tool design optimization to produce semi-finished components with the required geometrical quality. Finally, the results of hot rolling experiments conducted using the adjusted roll design are presented.
Toward sutureless laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children?
Authors: Marte Antonio , De Rosa Laura , Pintozzi Lucia , Esposito Vincenzo
Published: March 2019

We report our experience with a sutureless technique for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children. Twenty-eight children, 12 girls and 16 boys, aged 3 months to 7 years, underwent sutureless laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. In girls, we utilized simple cauterization of the internal inguinal ring with a single trocar technique. In boys denudation of the peritoneum was obtained utilizing a three-trocar technique. The peritoneum around the internal inguinal ring was peeled off and detached from the vas and the vessels, and then wrapped around the grasper, resulting in a large area of denudation. No perioperative complications were observed. No recurrences nor testicular damage were noted after a mean follow-up of 18 months (range 6-35 months). The mean operative time was 12 min (range 7-20 min) for girls and 19 min (range 15-30 min) for boys. A 6-year-old girl exhibited a lymphocele. The sutureless technique appears to be easy, safe, and effective, provided that the patients are carefully selected. In boys, special attention needs to be paid to preservation of the vas and the testicular vessels.
$c_2$ invariants of recursive families of graphs
Authors: Chorney Wesley , Yeats Karen
Published: March 2019

The

c_2

invariant, defined by Schnetz in [17], is an arithmetic graph invariant created towards a better understanding of Feynman integrals.

This paper looks at some graph families of interest, with a focus on decompleted toroidal grids. Specifically, the

c_2

invariant for

p=2

is shown to be zero for all decompleted non-skew toroidal grids. We also calculate

c_2^{(2)}(G)

for

G

a family of graphs called X-ladders. Finally, we show these methods can be applied to any graph with a recursive structure, for any fixed

p

.
Scattering profile for global solutions of the energy-critical wave equation
Authors: Duyckaerts Thomas , Kenig Carlos E. , Merle Frank
Published: March 2019

Consider the focusing energy-critical wave equation in space dimension 3, 4 or 5. We prove that any global solution which is bounded in the energy space converges in the exterior of wave cones to a radiation term which is a solution of the linear wave equation.
Super-approximation, II: the $p$-adic case and the case of bounded powers of square-free integers
Authors: Salehi Golsefidy Alireza
Published: March 2019

Let

\Omega

be a finite symmetric subset of GL

_n(\mathbb Z[1/q_0])

, and

\Gamma:=\langle \Omega \rangle

, and let

\pi_m

be the group homomorphism induced by the quotient map

\mathbb Z[1/q_0] \to \mathbb Z[1/q_0] / m \mathbb Z[1/q_0]

. Then the family {Cay

(\pi_m (\Gamma),\pi_m(\Omega))\}_m

of Cayley graphs is a family of expanders as

m

ranges over fixed powers of square-free integers and powers of primes that are coprime to

q_0

if and only if the connected component of the Zariski-closure of

\Gamma

is perfect. Some of the immediate applications, e.g. orbit equivalence rigidity and largeness of certain

\ell

-adic Galois representations, are also discussed.
A Sustainable and Effective Mentorship Model for Graduate Medical Education Programs
Authors: Caruso Thomas J. , Kung Tiffany , Piro Nancy , Li Jie , Katznelson Laurence , Dohn Ann
Published: March 2019

Background 

Mentorship models rarely seek generalizability across training programs at the graduate medical education (GME) level.

Objective 

We examined the sustainability and effectiveness of an intervention to increase the number and usefulness of trainee mentorship.

Methods 

A 0.20 full-time equivalent GME faculty adviser position (MD, MEd) implemented mentorship programs in residencies and fellowships. In group 1, 6 GME programs implemented the mentorship strategies prior to 2014, which were used to measure whether the number of mentor relationships were longitudinally sustained. In group 2, 10 different GME programs implemented the mentorship strategies in 2016, which were used to measure whether the intervention immediately increased the number of mentor relationships. To measure mentorship usefulness, trainees rated mentors' ability to promote clinical skills and personal and professional development. The remaining programs were the comparison. Responses from the 2014 and 2016 annual institutional trainee survey were analyzed.

Results 

The incidence of group 1 reporting mentor relationships in 2014 compared to the incidence of group 1 in 2016 were 89% (41 of 46) and 95% (42 of 44), respectively, suggesting that the intervention was sustained for 2 years (P = .26). Group 2 showed a higher proportion of trainees reporting mentors in 2016 (88%, 149 of 170) compared to preintervention (66%, 71 of 108; P = .00001). Groups 1 and 2 reported significant increases in mentorship usefulness.

Conclusions 

A GME initiative to enhance mentoring across specialties in 16 GME training programs was self-sustaining and effective.
A Comparison of National Pediatric Procedures Training Guidelines With Actual Clinical Practice in Ohio
Authors: Iyer Maya S. , Way David P. , Kline Jennifer , Wallihan Rebecca , Stanley Rachel M.
Published: March 2019

Background 

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and Pediatrics Review Committee (RC) recommends the clinical procedures residents should master during their training. These guidelines may be partially based on consensus opinion or tradition rather than actual need. The literature defining which procedures general pediatricians actually perform in practice is limited.

Objective 

Our objective was to determine how often general pediatricians perform procedures recommended by accreditation bodies, how well prepared they feel to perform them, and how important the procedures are to their practice.

Methods 

We categorized recommended procedures as emergent, urgent, or office-based, then developed and administered a survey in 2017 based on these classes. We randomly sampled and polled 439 general pediatricians from urban, suburban, or rural regions across central Ohio. Responses were compared using the Welch ANOVA, Mann Whitney U, and post-hoc tests.

Results 

The response rate was 60% (265 of 439). Pediatricians almost never performed 11 of 13 recommended procedures, yet felt well prepared to perform them all and believed that all were important. Rural pediatricians performed significantly more emergent and office-based procedures and rated them as more important. Commonly performed non-ACGME/RC procedures were circumcision, wart removal, cerumen removal, umbilical cauterization, and suture removal.

Conclusions 

Findings suggest that pediatricians rarely perform most of the recommended procedures, but think they are important. There are several office-based non-ACGME recommended procedures that pediatricians commonly perform. Regional differences suggest the need for customized training based on future practice plans.
The difference in the intraday return-volume relationships of spot and futures: a quantile regression approach
Authors: Lee Jaeram , Lee Geul , Ryu Doojin
Published: March 2019

This study illuminates the difference in the intraday return-volume relationships of spot and index futures. The quantile regression analyses show that the widening effect of the spot trading volume on the distribution of spot returns disappears within a short period of time, whereas that of the futures trading volume on the distribution of spot returns remains over the relatively long term. The short-term effect of the spot volume and the long-term effect of the futures volume are consistent for trading volume shocks. The findings suggest that the spot volume is primarily induced by the demand for hedging or differences of opinion, whereas the futures volume contains information about price movements.
The Political Possibility of Sound
Authors: Voegelin Salomé
Published: March 2019

The essay is the perfect format for a crisis. Its porous and contingent nature forgives a lack of formality, while its neglect of perfection and virtuosity releases the potential for the incomplete and the unrealizable. These seven essays on The Political Possibility of Sound present a perfectly incomplete form for a discussion on the possibility of the political that includes creativity and invention, and articulates a politics that imagines transformation and the desire to embrace a connected and collaborative world.

The themes of these essays emerge from and deepen discussions started in Voegelin’s previous books, Listening to Noise and Silence and Sonic Possible Worlds. Continuing the methodological juxtaposition of phenomenology and logic and writing from close sonic encounters each represents a fragment of listening to a variety of sound works, to music, the acoustic environment and to poetry, to hear their possibilities and develop words for what appears impossible.

As fragments of writing they respond to ideas on geography and migration, bring into play formless subjectivities and trans-objective identities, and practice collectivity and a sonic cosmopolitanism through the hearing of shared volumes. They involve the unheard and the in-between to contribute to current discussions on new materialism, and perform vertical readings to reach the depth of sound.
Using collision-induced dissociation to constrain sensitivity of ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry (NH4+ CIMS) to oxygenated volatile organic compounds
Authors: Zaytsev Alexander , Breitenlechner Martin , Koss Abigail R. , Lim Christopher Y. , Rowe James C. , Kroll Jesse H. , Keutsch Frank N.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Chemical ionization mass
spectrometry (CIMS) instruments routinely detect hundreds of oxidized organic compounds
in the atmosphere. A major limitation of these instruments is the uncertainty
in their sensitivity to many of the detected ions. We describe the
development of a new high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass
spectrometer that operates in one of two ionization modes: using either
ammonium ion ligand-switching reactions such as for NH4+ CIMS or
proton transfer reactions such as for proton-transfer-reaction mass
spectrometer (PTR-MS). Switching between the modes can be done within 2 min.
The NH4+ CIMS mode of the new instrument has sensitivities of up
to 67 000 dcps ppbv−1 (duty-cycle-corrected ion counts per second per
part per billion by volume) and detection limits between 1 and 60 pptv at
2σ for a 1 s integration time for numerous oxygenated volatile
organic compounds. We present a mass spectrometric voltage scanning procedure
based on collision-induced dissociation that allows us to determine the
stability of ammonium-organic ions detected by the NH4+ CIMS instrument.
Using this procedure, we can effectively constrain the sensitivity of the
ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometer to a wide range of detected
oxidized volatile organic compounds for which no calibration standards exist.
We demonstrate the application of this procedure by quantifying the
composition of secondary organic aerosols in a series of laboratory
experiments.
Western Mediterranean hydro-climatic consequences of Holocene ice-rafted debris (Bond) events
Authors: Zielhofer Christoph , Köhler Anne , Mischke Steffen , Benkaddour Abdelfattah , Mikdad Abdeslam , Fletcher William J.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Gerard C. Bond established a Holocene series of North Atlantic ice-rafted
debris events based on quartz and haematite-stained grains recovered from
subpolar North Atlantic marine cores. These so-called “Bond events”
document nine large-scale and multi-centennial North Atlantic cooling phases
that might be linked to a reduced thermohaline circulation. Regardless of the
high prominence of the Holocene North Atlantic ice-rafted debris record,
there are critical scientific comments on the study: the Holocene Bond curve
has not yet been replicated in other marine archives of the North Atlantic
and there exist only very few palaeoclimatic studies that indicate all
individual Bond events in their own record. Therefore, evidence of consistent
hydro-climatic teleconnections between the subpolar North Atlantic and
distant regions is not clear. In this context, the Western Mediterranean
region presents key hydro-climatic sites for the reconstruction of a
teleconnection with the subpolar North Atlantic. In particular, variability
in Western Mediterranean winter precipitation might be the result of
atmosphere–ocean coupled processes in the outer-tropical North Atlantic
realm. Based on an improved Holocene δ18O record from Lake Sidi Ali
(Middle Atlas, Morocco), we correlate Western Mediterranean precipitation
anomalies with North Atlantic Bond events to identify a probable
teleconnection between Western Mediterranean winter rains and subpolar North
Atlantic cooling phases. Our data show a noticeable similarity between
Western Mediterranean winter rain minima and Bond events during the Early
Holocene and an opposite pattern during the Late Holocene. There is evidence of an enduring hydro-climatic change in the overall Atlantic
atmosphere–ocean system and the response to external forcing during the
Middle Holocene. Regarding a potential climatic anomaly around 4.2 ka (Bond
event 3) in the Western Mediterranean, a centennial-scale winter rain
maximum is generally in-phase with the overall pattern of alternating “wet
and cool” and “dry and warm” intervals during the last 5000 years.
Hannah Gadsby: On the Limits of Satire
Authors: Krefting Rebecca
Published: March 2019

Hannah Gadsby's widely viewed stand-up comedy special Nanette tackles pressing social justice issues like gender violence, sexual assault, and homophobia. Along the way, she challenges stand-up comedy as a masculinist cultural form and systematically exposes the limitations of satire, speaking the truths we dare not disclose for fear of losing the funny. Satire necessarily requires a play frame and seeks to elicit laughter. Privileging humor as vehicle for serious critique runs the risk of undermining the importance of human rights issues such as those raised by Gadsby. Satire has also proven to be advantageous for some but not others to deploy. Social conditioning informs reception to satire, meaning that certain identities will find it difficult to pull off this comedy style with the same ease and success as others occupying dominant categories of identity.
Winter biodisinfestation with Brassica green manure is a promising management strategy for Phytophthora capsici control of protected pepper crops in humid temperate climate regions of northern Spain
Authors: Gandariasbeitia Maite , Ojinaga Mikel , Orbegozo Estibaliz , Ortíz-Barredo Amaia , Núñez-Zofío Mireia , Mendarte Sorkunde , Larregla Santiago
Published: March 2019

Phytophthora capsici causes root and crown rot of protected pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crops in the Basque Country (northern Spain), a humid temperate climate area. The objective was to determine the effect of winter biofumigation and plastic cover (biodisinfestation) with Sinapis alba L. (cultivar 'Ludique') fresh green manure on the survival of introduced P. capsici inoculum (oospores) in a greenhouse soil. After autumn-winter Brassica cover crop soil incorporation in February, oospores remained at 15 and 30 cm depth for four weeks´ time exposure in two consecutive years, 2009 and 2010. Oospores viability was estimated with a plasmolysis method and infectivity with a potted pepper bioassay. Viability was significantly higher in biodisinfestated oospores than in the non-treated control in both years (81% and 21% relative increase in 2009 and 2010, respectively) and significantly higher at 30 cm depth than at 15 cm in 2009 (24% relative increase). Conversely, biodisinfestation significantly delayed disease incidence progression until the first half of infectivity bioassays in both years compared to the non-treated soils (83% and 75% relative decrease of dead plants in 2009 and 2010 respectively). The low soil temperatures could explain the low oospore survival reduction and suggest that the suppressiveness expressed in the infectivity bioassay was related with an increase of microbial activity in the biodisinfestation treatment. We conclude that winter biodisinfestation with fresh Brassica green manure is a promising management strategy for Phytophthora root rot control of protected peppers crops in regions of humid temperate climate such us northern Spain.
The Next Generation of Scientists: The Development of a Model Intensive Research Experience for Undergraduates
Authors: Stiles Paul G. , Boothroyd Roger A. , Moore Kathleen A. , Batsche Catherine
Published: March 2019

When undergraduates engage in hands-on research experiences, particularly intense mentored experiences, they are more likely to pursue graduate studies in the sciences and take a more assertive role in their learning and career activities. Such early career experiences have been identified as essential in the development of the next generation of researchers. The authors describe the decade long development, structure, and evaluation outcomes of a summer research experience for undergraduates designed to provide an intense, yet supportive, research experience that helps inspire the next generation of scientists. Future considerations for the program are also provided.
The Development a New Device to Measure of Audial and Visual Reaction Time in Hand and Foot (Validity and Reliability Study)
Authors: AGIRBAS Ozturk , AGGON Eser , OZ Recep
Published: March 2019

The determining the reaction time is a widely used as an indicator in sportive performance and field of exercise physiology. The purpose of this study is to develop a new reaction times device (NRTD) to determine both hand and foot visual and auditory reaction times, which is practical and economical. In the developed system to be obtained are kept in a database which is all necessary the intervals between stimuli for the reaction variable and all records. The system consists of software loaded on a computer and buttons specially prepared for hands and feet. The buttons are designed for precise measurement. The software of the program is written with Visual Basic program. The program can be recorded different features separately for each subject in the database except the reaction times. Also the system metrics can be presentedas a report to the user. While comparisons were made with the Newtest 1000 reaction device to determine the validity of the tool we developed, repeated measurements were made on the same group each week to determine its reliability. Measurements were carried out on 52 male students studying in Erzincan University's School of Physical Education and Sports. The resulting data were examined in SPSS 22.0 statistical package program for Windows. Independent Student T-test was used to compare two devices; Paired Sample T-test was used to compare repeated measurements of NRTD. No significant difference was detected statistically between neither right nor left-hand visual reaction times conducted with the device we have developed and Newtest 1000, or the repeated measurement results which were conducted each week with NRTD. It was concluded that NRTD is valid and reliable to measure reaction time and is an ideal measurement tool to measure both hand and foot reaction times.
Does A Market Systems Approach Revitalize Smallholder Irrigation Schemes? Evidence from Zimbabwe
Authors: Masasi Blessing , Ng’ombe John N.
Published: March 2019

Smallholder irrigation schemes potentially improve the livelihoods of rural communities in developing countries. However, they face challenges such as infrastructural decline, lack of funding, lack of markets, shortage of water, underutilization of land, and inefficient irrigation systems. In Zimbabwe, the government carried out rehabilitation programs to address these problems but the performance of smallholder irrigation schemes remained poor. These chronic challenges triggered experts to adopt a market systems approach (MSA) to revitalize failing irrigation schemes. Using primary and secondary data sources collected in 2015, this study used a “before” and “after” descriptive assessment approach to determine the effectiveness of the MSA at revitalizing smallholder irrigation schemes in Zimbabwe. We used Mutema Irrigation Scheme as a case study. Results suggest that the MSA leads to improved efficiency of irrigation infrastructure, farm gross margins, willingness to pay irrigation fees and farmers’ standard of living. While this research does not econometrically establish causation of relations between variables involved, our results provide a foundation for future research on the application of the MSA to revitalize underperforming smallholder irrigation schemes in developing countries.
CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ALLERGY TO METHYL METHACRYLATE
Authors: Hadyaoui Dalenda
Published: March 2019

This article reports a case of a 52 year-old woman who experienced symptoms of allergic reactions which appeared few days after the placement of provisional fixed restorations. The indicated patch testing identified the methyl methacrylate as an allergen in this case. Therefore, the provisional restorations were removed and replaced by aluminum shells and polycarbonate prostheses. After healing, our patient underwent a crown lengthening for retention requirements; the saved fragment utilized for histological analysis. An inflammatory infiltrates and epithelial ulceration was found.
Complications after Surgical Treatment of Spinal Metastases
Authors: Szczerba Piotr
Published: March 2019

Background. Metastases predominate among spinal tumors. The choice of the best treatment is always done on a case-by-case basis and is multi-faceted. Surgical treatment is increasingly being used and is often com­bined with postoperative radiotherapy. However, it is fraught with the risk of complications. Awareness of these risks and an ability to reduce their incidence is the key to obtaining good results. The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess complications in patients treated for spinal tumors in our Department of Orthopedic Oncology at the Hospital in Brzozów.
Material and methods. Out of the 846 patients treated for spinal tumors in the years 2011-2016, 723 (85%) were operated on. The results of imaging and biochemical tests, documentation on the course of treatment, surgical protocols as well as patient records from the outpatient clinic were assessed.
Results. In our series, complications occurred in 14% of the patients. They were divided into general-medical (2.7%), orthopedic and neurological (wound healing problems, dural injury, paresis) (11%), and mechanical (0.3%). Complications occurred most often after surgery using a posterior approach in the thoracic spine. In wound healing problems, good results were obtained after surgical treatment of wounds. Damage to the dura mater was repaired du­ring the original operation and cerebrospinal fluid leaks usually resolved spontaneously. Destabilized hardware was replaced during revision procedures.
Conclusions. 1. The rate of complications in the present study was comparable to figures reported in the lite­rature. 2. Radiation therapy had a significant impact on the risk of wound healing complications. The most important risk factor is patients’ overall health status, age, previous radiotherapy and steroid therapy, and the presence of neu­rological deficits. 3. Mechanical complications occur mainly in the junctional segments of the spine. 4. Operative treat­ment of wound healing complications produces good results.”
Impact of Lower Limb Fractures on the Quality of Life
Authors: de Andrade Fonseca Marilia , Cordeiro Matias Amanda Gilvani , de Lourdes de Freitas Gomes Maria , Almeida Matos Marcos
Published: March 2019

Background. Lower limb fractures are associated with severe disability, prolonged treatment and recovery time, and account for the greatest number of surgical procedures. Studies focusing on the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients who sustained lower limb fractures at a productive age are still scarce. The aim of the present study was to assess the HRQOL of individuals who sustained lower limb fractures at two time points: during the acute trauma period (hospitalization) and after six months.
Materials and methods. A prospective observational longitudinal study was conducted including a total of 121 patients aged 18 years or older with fractures in the lower limbs evaluated based on clinical and sociodemographic variables and using the HRQOL questionnaire SF-36. The data were collected from referral trauma hospitals in two stages: during hospitalization (in-hospital period) and from the same individuals six months after the first interview.
Results. At six months following the trauma, significant differences were found for the domains of functional capacity (from 2.77±7.82 to 51.11±28.43), pain (47.51±35.51 to 74.29±21.63), and emotional impairment (57.01±47.62 to 91.22±22.92) in the study period. However, no improvement was observed in the domains of physical limitations and social aspects. There was significant association for the domain “Pain” with age, level of education, and rehabilitation; the domain “Emotional impairment” was associated with treatment within 10 hours, level of education, and immediate osteosynthesis. At six months, only functional capacity exhibited significant associations with the level of education and rehabilitation.
Conclusion. Lower limb fractures have a negative impact on the HRQOL that persists for at least six months after the traumatic event and is reflected in the psychosocial, physical and emotional burden imposed by the trauma.
Ethylenediamine. Determination in workplace air with high performance liquid chromatography – spectrophotometric technique
Authors: Zieliński Marek , Twardowska Ewa , Kucharska Małgorzata
Published: March 2019

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a colorless, viscous liquid with ammonia-like odor. It is used as an intermediate in manufacture of chelating agents (EDTA), fungicide, poliamide and formaldehyde-urea resins, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, emulsifying agents and stabiliser of rubber products. EDA may cause irritation of upper respiratory tract, eye and skin. Occupational exposure to EDA may lead to alergic reactions and asthma. EDA is not classified as carcinogennic to humans. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive method for determining hydrazine concentrations in the workplace air in the range from 1/10 to 2 MAC values, in accordance with the requirements of Standard No. PN-EN 482. The study was performed using a liquid chromatograph with spectrophotometric detection. All chromatographic analysis were performed with Supelcosil LC-18 (150 × 3 mm, 5 µm) analytical column, which was eluted with mixture of acetonitrile and water (6:4 v/v). The method is based on the collection of EDA on silica gel impregnated with sulfuric acid, extraction with mixture of acetonitrile and water (62:38 v/v), derivatization of extracted compound with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and chromatographic determination of resulted solution with HPLC technique. The method is linear (r = 0.9994) within the investigated working range 0.1–2 μg/ml (2–40 mg/m3 for a 10-L air sample). Calculated limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.04 μg/ml and 0.13 μg/ml, respectively. The average extraction efficiency of EDA from silica gel was 86% and samples stored in refrigerator are stable for 10 days. The analytical method described in this paper enables determination of EDA in workplace air. The method is precise, accurate and it meets the criteria for procedures for measuring chemical agents listed in Standard No. PN-EN 482. The method can be used for assessing occupational exposure to EDA and associated risk to workers’ health. The developed method of determining EDA has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.
A Review of the Anthropological Literature in English on the Palestinian "Ḥamūla" and the Status of Women
Authors: Rothenberg Celia E.
Published: March 2019

The following is a survey of the anthropological literature in English on the Palestinian ḥamūla, the extended family or clan, and Palestinian women’s lives in the West Bank. Both areas of the literature are in certain respects problematic; in particular, actors’ agency and women’s experiences are often overlooked. The article concludes by presenting the notion of social geography—a concept which looks at how the geographical location of neighbors, friends, and family, as well as ideas of relatedness, create ties and shape the way women practice and experience social relations. Recognizing the importance of social geography may provide a way of wedding these two areas of the literature and addressingsome of its gaps.