bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of real-time electronic data entry on HIV programme data quality in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Moomba K. , Williams A. , Savory T. , Lumpa M. , Chilembo P. , Tweya H. , Harries A. D. , Herce M.
Published: April 2020

Setting: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics in five hospitals and five health centres in Lusaka, Zambia, which transitioned from daily entry of paper-based data records to an electronic medical record (EMR) system by dedicated data staff (Electronic-Last) to direct real-time
data entry into the EMR by frontline health workers (Electronic-First).Objective: To compare completeness and accuracy of key HIV-related variables before and after transition of data entry from Electronic-Last to Electronic-First.Design: Comparative cross-sectional study
using existing secondary data.Results: Registration data (e.g., date of birth) was 100% complete and pharmacy data (e.g., antiretroviral therapy regimen) was <90% complete under both approaches. Completeness of anthropometric and vital sign data was <75% across all facilities
under Electronic-Last, and this worsened after Electronic-First. Completeness of TB screening and World Health Organization clinical staging data was also <75%, but improved with Electronic-First. Data entry errors for registration and clinical consultations decreased under Electronic-First,
but errors increased for all anthropometric and vital sign variables. Patterns were similar in hospitals and health centres.Conclusion: With the notable exception of clinical consultation data, data completeness and accuracy did not improve after transitioning from Electronic-Last
to Electronic-First. For anthropometric and vital sign variables, completeness and accuracy decreased. Quality improvement interventions are needed to improve Electronic-First implementation.
Elżbieta Płóciennik, The Wisdom of a Child - predispositions, manifestations, support perspectives, Łódź: Wydawnictwo UŁ, 2018, ss. 339
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: April 2020

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Study on the Thermal Insulation Performance of PAN Pre-Oxidised Fibre Felts
Authors: Zhao Xiaoming , Liu Yuanjun , Liang Tenglong
Published: April 2020

In this paper, an orthogonal experiment of 3 factors and 3 levels was firstly designed to prepare PAN pre-oxidised fibre felts with good thermal insulation properties; the range method was used to analyse the result of the orthogonal experiment, and finally the tensile properties and thermal stability were tested. Finally, pre-oxidised fibre felt composites for the coating of silica aerogel were prepared using the coating process to compound silica aerogel on re-oxidised fibre felts. Firstly, the influence of the content of silica aerogel on the heat insulation performance of the coated composite materials was analysed, and then a test of the coefficient of thermal conductivity, an experiment on the back temperature, and characterisations of the tensile properties and thermal stability of the composite coating of pre-oxidised fibre felt composites of the coating of silica aerogel were carried out. Results showed that through analysis of the orthogonal experiment, we can state that the best preparation process of pre-oxidised fibre needled felts was as follows: needle number – 2, needle depth – 8 mm, and needle frequency – 140 times/min. The transverse tensile strength of PAN pre-oxidised fibre needled felts prepared by crossly webbing of PAN pre-oxidised fibres was superior to the longitudinal tensile strength; thermogravimetric analysis showed that the pre-oxidised fibre needled felts had excellent thermal stability. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the aerogel coating of the composites firstly decreased and then increased with an increase in the content of aerogel. Coated composites had the lowest coefficient of thermal conductivity when the aerogel content was 4% wt. At temperatures of 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C, the heating rate of the transient-state back temperature and the steady-state average temperature were both the lowest when the aerogel content was 6% wt.
Distribution of Bending Stiffness of Orthotropic Fibrous Material Based on an Example of Corrugated Board
Authors: Kołakowski Zbigniew , Szewczyk Włodzimierz , Bieńkowska Maria
Published: April 2020

Commonly known methods for calculating the bending stiffness of corrugated board allow to calculate values related to the machine and cross direction of corrugated board but do not allow to calculate bending stiffness in any intermediate direction. The article presents a method for calculating bending stiffness in any direction in the plane of corrugated board, on the basis of the bending stiffness values in the machine and cross direction. Comparing the results of measurements of bending stiffness in selected directions with those of their calculations, the method proposed was verified and its practical usefulness confirmed.
Preparation of Polypyrrole/Polyurethane Foam Composite Material
Authors: Liu Yuanjun , Li Wenyue , Kick Christopher , Zhao Xiaoming , Wu Haiying
Published: April 2020

Firstly, the paper focused on the polyurethane foam soaking process with pyrrole solution, and discuss the estimated electro-mechanical properties of the modified PU foam. Secondly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs were collected to understand the polypyrrole distribution inside the foam. The results show that the chemical polymerisation parameters needed to realise this amount of polypyrrole in the foam were 0.1 mol/L of pyrrole, a mole ratio of 1:2.25, an oxidation temperature of 12 ± 3 °C, and an oxidation time of 2 hours. SEM images of the samples prepared with the modified approach showed a continuous layer of about 10-15 μm thickness of the polypyrrole attached to the surface of the PU foam.
Optimization and performance evaluation
of microbial fuel cell by varying agar
concentration using different salts
in salt bridge medium
Authors: Singh K. , Dharmendra Dharmendra
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Comparative study of various agar-agar (C14H24O9) percentage and different salts
concentration in the salt bridge is carried out to check the efficiency of microbial fuel cell.
Design/methodology/approach: Dual chambered microbial fuel cell was used for the
overall experiments. Anode and cathode chambers were made of 500 ml plastic jar. Salt bridge
was fabricated with agar-agar technical and 3 M NaCl in a PVC pipe of 2 cm long. Chemical
Oxygen Demand, pH and electrical conductivity of wastewater were examined. Oxygen was
supplied in the cathode chamber using the aquarium pump. Voltage (open circuit voltage) was
observed using digital multimeter. Graphite rods were used as anode and cathode electrodes.
Findings: Salt bridge was constructed of 3 M NaCl with 5, 7.5, 10 and 12 percent variation
of agar amounts in MFC. The maximum outputs were observed 301, 306, 325 and 337.25 mV
with the variation of agar 5, 7.5, 10 and 12 percentages respectively as well as chemical oxygen
demand (COD) removal efficiency was observed 47.92, 56.25, 52.08 and 64.58 percentages
respectively. The optimum agar concentration was found to be 12 percent and a maximum
voltage of 337.25 mV and COD removal of 64.58 percent was achieved. After the optimization
of agar percentage two salts i.e., Sodium chloride and potassium chloride were analysed. This
study also reveals that the NaCl salt bridge is more efficient than KCl salt bridge for the same
agar concentration. The maximum voltage for NaCl and KCl were 319 and 312 mV respectively.
Research limitations/implications: The amount of electricity production is low and field
scale implementation is difficult using microbial fuel cell. The research is still on progress in
this field.
Originality/value: here is very little research with salt bridge and MFC. Comparative study
of different mole of salt is available but agar variation is not yet studied.
Bases para a Reforma da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil em 2019: mudanças estruturantes após 25 anos do Programa de Saúde da Família
Authors: Harzheim Erno , Martins José dos Santos Caroline , Pereira D’Avila Otávio , Wollmann Lucas , Pinto Luiz Felipe
Published: April 2020

O ano de 2019 marcou a estruturação das bases para uma profunda reforma na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) do Brasil. Os desafios enfrentados através dessa reforma foram a falta de priorização política real da APS, o financiamento insuficiente da APS e focado na estrutura de serviços, os obstáculos ao acesso de primeiro contato, a escassez de profissionais qualificados, a necessidade de maior informatização da APS e a ausência de integração de dados clínicos, a fragilidade clínica e necessidade de ampliação do escopo profissional e a falta de informação de qualidade para tomada de decisão clínica e gerencial. Com ações direcionadas a cada um desses desafios, a Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde do Ministério da Saúde criou estratégias sistêmicas e integradas entre si que representam mudanças estruturantes e investimentos em governança clínica para transformar a APS brasileira, garantindo mais e melhor saúde para a população, com mecanismos transparentes e técnicos para seu financiamento, organização, oferta, monitoramento e avaliação.
EU-Digitalisierungsrecht. Datennutzung – Wettbewerb – Klimaschutz
Authors: Frenz Walter
Published: April 2020

Die Digitalisierung schreitet immer weiter voran und wird vermehrt unionsrechtlich geprägt. Die Kommission hat einen Leitfaden für den Datenaustausch zwischen Unternehmen entwickelt. Das Sampling-Urteil des EuGH vom 29.7.2019 bietet wichtige Anhaltspunkte für die Frage, wer verarbeitete Daten weiter nutzen darf bzw. wem sie gehören. Der aktuelle Zuschnitt der Kommission zeigt die enge Verbindung von Digitalisierung und Wettbewerbsrecht sowie die Bedeutung des Klimaschutzes („Green Deal“). Die Grundfreiheiten müssen weit und offen konzipiert sein, um den wirtschaftlichen Austausch im Zuge von Industrie 4.0 zu beflügeln, und bilden damit die unabdingbare Grundlage.
Pflicht zu weltweiter Löschung: konsequente oder ausufernde Auslegung? – Anmerkung zum Urteil des EuGH v. 3.10.2019, Rs. C-18/18 (Glawischnig-Piesczek)
Authors: Heldt Amélie P.
Published: April 2020

Im Fall von Glawischnig-Piesczek/Facebook Ireland Ltd. hatte der EuGH über die Reichweite der Löschungspflicht von Hostingplattformen für rechtswidrige Inhalte zu entscheiden. Im Kern ging es um die Frage, ob das Vorliegen der positiven Kenntnis über rechtswidrige Inhalte sich auch auf wort- und sinngleiche Inhalte erstreckt, also ob soziale Netzwerke verpflichtet werden können, nicht nur den ursprünglichen rechtswidrigen Beitrag zu entfernen oder zu sperren, sondern auch inhaltsgleiche Abwandlungen. Diese Fragen hat der EuGH alle bejaht und damit Art. 14 Abs. 1 E-Commerce-Richtlinie als weltweite Pflicht ausgelegt.
„Freiheit beginnt im Kopf“ – Präventionsansätze mit ReThink, Reflect und ReStart gegen islamische Radikalisierung. Ein Praxisbericht.
Authors: Mansour Ahmad , Kökgiran Gürcan
Published: April 2020

Mündigkeit ist für eine aufgeklärte, plurale Lebensweise und demokratische Gesellschaftsordnung eine sine qua non, also eine unerlässliche Notwendigkeit. Bildung, Erziehung, Familienstrukturen uvm sind darauf ausgerichtet, dass junge Menschen befähigt werden eigenverantwortlich zu handeln und kritisch zu denken. Kollektivistische Gesellschaften, die häufig patriarchale und religiöse Strukturen aufweisen, beruhen auf dem Gehorsam gegenüber Älteren und/oder männlichen Familienmitgliedern, wodurch der Fortbestand des Kollektivs gesichert wird. Kommen Faktoren wie Lebenskrisen, biographische Brüche, Mobbing, das Gefühl der Entfremdung und abgehängt worden zu sein, eine fehlende oder eine gar repressive Vaterfigur hinzu, sind günstige Bedingungen für die Empfänglichkeit radikaler Missionierungsversuche geschaffen. Wie können Jugendliche und junge Menschen vor Radikalisierungsbestrebungen geschützt werden? Welche Instrumentarien der aktuellen Präventionsarbeit stehen hierfür zur Verfügung? Diese Fragen werden in diesem Artikel anhand der Workshop-Projekte „ReStart“, „Reflect“ und „ReThink“ der Mansour-Initiative für Demokratieförderung und Extremismusprävention erörtert.
Gibt es einen Weg aus der ‚Plattformfalle‘? Plattformstrategien von Medienanbietern in Deutschland
Authors: Dogruel Leyla , Haas Viola , Markthaler Rebekka
Published: April 2020

Der Zugang zu Informationen und Medieninhalten im Internet erfolgt längst nicht mehr ausschließlich über die Websites einzelner Medienanbieter, sondern wird zunehmend durch Dritt-Plattformen bzw. Intermediäre wie Google, Facebook oder YouTube vermittelt. Medienunternehmen wie die öffentlich-rechtlichen und privaten Fernsehveranstalter und Verlagshäuser sehen sich mit einem Wettbewerbsdruck um den Zugang sowohl zu Zielgruppen als auch zu Werbetreibenden konfrontiert. Um die Abhängigkeit von Plattformen zu reduzieren, wird sowohl anbieterseitig als auch durch Politik und Gesellschaft die Frage nach der Gründung alternativer Plattformen jenseits der globalen Player aufgeworfen. Auf Basis einer Dokumentenanalyse und Experteninterviews untersucht dieser Beitrag die Plattformstrategien von Medienunternehmen sowie öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunkanbieter und stellt heraus, welche Herausforderungen für die Umsetzung alternativer Plattformen bestehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl in der Vergangenheit als auch aktuell von Fernsehveranstaltern Vorstöße unternommen wurden, um gemeinsame Medienplattformen zu etablieren, während für Verlage mit Ausnahme des Hubert Burda Verlags die Bedeutung übergreifender Plattformen eher gering ist. Neben rechtlichen Hürden sind es insbesondere finanzielle Bedenken, die der Umsetzung von Plattformvorhaben entgegenstehen. Mit Blick auf die Kooperationen der Anbieter lässt sich zudem eine „Koalition der Abwarter“ identifizieren.
Kierkegaard as a Thinker of Deleuzian Immanent Ethics
Authors: Jampol-Petzinger Andrew ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2020

In this article, I present an interpretation of Kierkegaard’s ethics in terms of Gilles Deleuze’s distinction between immanent ethics and transcendent morality. I argue that Kierkegaard’s skepticism towards moral prescription, his emphasis on the single individual as the basis of normative evaluation, and his view of Christianity as somehow “beyond” the scope of moral obligation are all functions of a Deleuzian conception of immanent ethics as a non-moralistic form of normativity. On this basis, I argue for two conclusions: first, that Kierkegaard’s work is better understood through this frame-work than through either aretaic or deontological frameworks; and second, that Deleuzian ethics is better served by Kierkegaardian illustrations like patience and stillness, than by the tropes of destruction that are often associated with it. Dans cet article, je présente une interprétation de l’éthique de Kierkegaard du point de vue de la distinction deleuzienne entre l’éthique immanente et la moralité transcendante. Dans cette perspective, je soutiens que le scepticisme de Kierkegaard quant à la prescription morale, sa conception d’un christianisme « en dehors » du champ de l’obligation morale, et l’accent qu’il fait porter sur le seul individu comme étant la base des évaluations normatives, sont tous fonction d’une conception deleuzienne de l’éthique immanente, en tant que forme amorale de la normativité. Sur cette base, j’affirme deux conséquences : la première, que l’oeuvre kierkegaardienne est mieux comprise selon ce cadre que selon, d’une part, le cadre de l’éthique de la vertu, et d’autre part, le cadre déontologique. La deuxième, que l’éthique deleuzienne s’illustre mieux par les exemples kierkegaardiens, comme ceux de la patience et de la tranquillité, que par les tropes de la destruction auxquels elle est souvent associée.
La moneda en Castilla y León (1265-1284). Alfonso X, un adelantado a su tiempo = Currency in Castile and Leon (1265-1284). Alfonso X, a King Ahead of his Time
Authors: Oliva Manso Gonzalo
Published: April 2020

Uno de los hechos más relevantes del reinado de Alfonso X fue su decidida intervención en la política monetaria como medio para financiar sus objetivos políticos y ambiciones personales. A partir del análisis numismático y de la crítica documental se ha trazado un recorrido desde la puesta en circulación de su primera moneda de vellón en 1265 hasta la frustrada emisión que tenía que haber circulado desde 1281. En este intervalo se aprecia a Alfonso X cada vez más agobiado por sus necesidades financieras y por ello más atrevido en la implementación de nuevas estrategias monetarias. Sus súbditos de limitaron a padecerlas sin llegar a comprender sus repercusiones económicas y solo al final del período estudiado percibieron el mecanismo que se ocultaba tras los continuos cambios de valor del maravedí de cuenta. Para entonces ya no existía remedio para el quebranto de sus patrimonios y la inestabilidad en sus actividades económicas.AbstractOne of the most relevant measures of the reign of Alfonso X was his decisive intervention in monetary policy as a means to finance his political objectives and personal ambitions. By focussing on numismatic analysis and documentary criticism, a course can be drawn from the initial circulation of his first currency, the vellón, in 1265 to the frustrated emission that was to have taken place in 1281. In this interval, Alfonso X is increasingly overwhelmed by his financial needs and therefore is more daring in launching new monetary strategies. His subjects bore the brunt of these measures without understanding their economic repercussions, although at the end of this period they were eventually made aware of the mechanism behind the continuous changes on the official value of the maravedí. By then there was no remedy for the loss of their wealth and the instability in their economic activities.Keywords
Reseña de: Casado Alonso, Hilario (Coord.), Comercio, finanzas y fiscalidad en Castilla (siglos XV-XVI)
Authors: Rivera Medina Ana María
Published: April 2020

Reseña de: Casado Alonso, Hilario (Coord.), Comercio, finanzas y fiscalidad en Castilla (siglos XV-XVI). Madrid, Dykinson, 2018, 340 págs.  ISBN: 978-84-9148-968-9
Reseña de: Pérez Rodríguez, Francisco Javier, Los monasterios del Reino de Galicia entre 1075 y 1540: De la reforma gregoriana a la observante
Authors: Cantera Montenegro Enrique
Published: April 2020

Reseña de: Pérez Rodríguez, Francisco Javier, Los monasterios del Reino de Galicia entre 1075 y 1540: De la reforma gregoriana a la observante. Santiago de Compostela, CSIC, Anejos de Cuadernos de Estudios Gallegos XLVII, 2019, 2 vols. 1344 pp. ISBN: 978-84-00-10574-7
Reseña de: Reixach Sala, Albert, Finances públiques i mobilitat social a la Catalunya de la Baixa Edat Mitjana. Girona, 1340-1440
Authors: Donado Vara Julián
Published: April 2020

Reseña de: Reixach Sala, Albert, Finances públiques i mobilitat social a la Catalunya de la Baixa Edat Mitjana. Girona, 1340-1440. Madrid, C.S.I.C., 2018, 389 pp. ISBN: 978-84-00-10385-9
Reseña de: Calleja Puerta, Miguel y Domínguez Guerrero, María Luisa (eds.), Escritura, notariado y espacio urbano en la Corona de Castilla y Portugal (siglos XII-XVII)
Authors: Cuenca Muñoz Paloma
Published: April 2020

Reseña de: Calleja Puerta, Miguel y Domínguez Guerrero, María Luisa (eds.), Escritura, notariado y espacio urbano en la Corona de Castilla y Portugal (siglos XII-XVII), Gijón, Ediciones Trea, 2018, 430 pp. ISBN: 978-84-17140-99-1.
Omisiones
Authors: Ambos Kai
Published: April 2020

Un mero no hacer se convierte en una omisión criminal si elvomitente (o sea, aquel que no actúa) tenía un deber jurídico y la posibilidadde impedir el consiguiente daño o violación de un interés jurídico.Entendida de ese modo, la responsabilidad por una omisión aparece de dos formas: como la otra cara de la responsabilidad por una conducta activa en forma de comisión por omisión (por ejemplo, matar dejando que una persona se ahogue en lugar de dispararle) o como una mera omisión (propia), con el delito de omisión de socorro como su forma más básica. La distinción posee una relevancia no solo académica pues la primera de esas formas implica, normalmente, condenas mucho más elevadas que la segunda. Si bien las fuentes del deber de actuar pueden variar —ley, contrato o expectativas sociales—, este se basa de todos modos en alguna forma de control por parte del omitente, ya sea respecto a la fuente del peligro o al objeto puesto en peligro. En cuanto a los deberes de actuar que resultan relevantes, existen grandes similitudes entre el derecho inglés (common law) y el alemán (derecho continental), tanto en términos del fundamento de la responsabilidad del garante como de los deberes jurídicos individuales. Del mismo modo, los presupuestos normativos subyacentes a favor o en contra del delito de omisión de socorro son, en gran medida, idénticos en las discusiones del derecho continental y del common law.
Simulering som pedagogisk metode i lærerutdanning
Authors: Lindset Marit , Aune Ingvild
Published: April 2020

Bakgrunn: Lærerstudenter skal inneha kompetanse innen ulike kommunikasjonsferdigheter for å være kvalifisert som lærer i skoleverket. Tilbakemeldingen fra studentene tyder på at de ønsker øving på virkelighetsnær kommunikasjon med relevans til skolepraksis Dette var utgangspunktet for et prosjekt som ble gjennomført på treårig yrkesfaglærerutdanningen i Trondheim, høsten 2018. Simulering ble tatt i bruk som undrevisningsverktøy med fokus på rollespill mellom elev og lærer.

Hensikt: Å undersøke studentenes erfaringer med bruk av simulering som pedagogisk metode i yrkesfaglærerutdanning.

Metode: 15 refleksjonslogger ble skrevet av førsteårstudenter ved yrkesfaglærerutdanningen, helse- og oppvekstfag. Analysen har ett fenomenologisk tilsnitt, og baserer seg på Malterud sin systematiske tekstkondensering.

Resultat: Studien viser at det var av betydning at forberedelsene startet tidlig i semesteret, der det ble presentert pensum med læringsutbyttebeskrivelser, og ett virkelighetsnært case. Studentene pekte på at debriefingsfasen var viktig i forhold til egen refleksjon og læring, og at de opplevde samlæring med medstudenter. Det ble meddelt at pensum ble synliggjort i rollespillet, og at studentene var tydelig på at øving var av nødvendighet for å bli trygg i lærerrollen. Studien viser at studentene ønsket å anvende den kunnskapen de hadde ervervet til praksisfeltet.

Konklusjon: Studien viser at yrkesfaglærerstudentene opplevde nytteverdi av simulering som undervisningsmetode, og at denne kunnskapen hadde relevans til skolepraksis.
Aggregates Characterization and Its Associated Organic Carbon in Two Contrasting Lowland Rice Soils of West Bengal
Authors: Nandi Ramprosad , Mukherjee Subham , Ghatak Priyanka , Kundu Arnab , Mukherjee Deep , Bandyopadhyay P. K.
Published: April 2020

Aims: The present study investigated the effect of lowland rice soils of two regions viz. new alluvial and red-laterite on aggregate characterization and their associated organic carbon (SOC).

Study Design: Randomized block design (RBD).

Place and Duration of Study: New alluvial soils were collected from Jangipara block of Hooghly, West Bengal and Red-laterite soils were collected from Raghunathpur block of Purulia, West Bengal during 2017-18.

Methodology: For each soil types (New alluvial and Red-laterite) five locations were identified and soil samples were collected from three depths i.e. 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. The aggregate characteristics i.e. water-stable aggregates (WSAs), mean weight diameter (MWD), aggregate stability and aggregate size fractions along with the distribution of carbon in those aggregate size fractions were critically studied.

Results: The aggregate size as well as the stability decreased with increasing soil depth from 0 to 30 cm in both soils. New alluvial soils showed higher aggregate stability than red-laterite soils. Mean weight diameter (MWD) values of new alluvial soils were 34, 29 and 87% more than red-laterite soils at 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth, respectively. Presence of higher amount of clay and organic matter in new alluvial made the difference in structural coefficient. The surface soil (0-10 cm) had more coarse aggregate (Cmac A >2000μ) fraction, however, microaggregates (<250μ) were dominant in lower depths in both soils. Water stable aggregates (WSA) in surface soils of new alluvial and red-laterite were 57 and 36%, respectively and were decreased with depth. Red-laterite produced higher micro aggregates as compared to new alluvial soils. Coarse macro aggregate fractions (>2000μ) retained maximum amount of soil organic carbon in both soils however, coarse micro aggregate associated carbon (Cmic AC<250μ) was captured in lower depths. New alluvial soils yielded aggregates with higher in diameter and stability coefficient that is due to higher amount of carbon stored in aggregates.

Conclusion: The abundance of macro aggregate of New alluvial soils indicates better soil physical quality than Red-laterite soil which was dominated in higher micro aggregates leads to poor in structure and susceptible to water erosion.
Persistent Cutaneous Metastatic Tubercular Abscesses Revealing Multifocal Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Hariz Anis , Hamdi Mohamed Salah , Beji Imène , Litaiem Noureddine , Jones Meriem , Cherif Eya
Published: April 2020

Tuberculosis remains one of the infections with high mortality rate. Multifocal tuberculosis usually affects immune compromised patients such as Human Immunodeficiency virus carriers. However, patients with no underlying immunodeficiency may still present an extensive and atypical form of tuberculosis. We hereby report the case of a 16-year-old female patient presenting persistent and multiple cutaneous lesions associated with fatigue and loss of appetite which led to the diagnosis of disseminated, multifocal tuberculosis with neurological, musculoskeletal, genital, pulmonary, peritoneal and lymph nodes involvement. Screening for potential underlying immunodeficiency yielded no results. Clinical and radiological outcome was favorable on anti-tuberculosis drugs with complete regression of identified lesions. This case serves as a reminder that tuberculosis remains a challenging diagnosis that encompasses a variety of clinical presentation ranging from cutaneous abscesses to life-threatening conditions such as cerebral tuberculomas even in immune competent patient.
Assessment of Heavy Metals in Guinea Sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Cultivated on Fadama Soils in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Bukar P. H. , Onoja M. A. , Audu J. A. , Saidu M. U.
Published: April 2020

River Ngadda is one of the main sources of water used by the resident of Maiduguri Metropolis The proximity of the people to the river encourages a lot of irrigation farming along the river bank during the dry season especially vegetables therefore, concentration values of heavy metals namely Aluminum, Cobalt, Iron, Lanthanum, Manganese, Chromium, Rubidium, Scandium, Samarium, Thorium, Vanadium and Zinc were determined in Guinea Sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) vegetable samples obtained at six different locations on different dry season farming (Fadama) sites along the bank of river Ngadda and Alau dam in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique which is a sensitive method for determination of major, minor and trace element in a matrix was used to assessed the heavy metal accumulation levels in Guinea Sorrel with the aim to establish the food safety status from heavy metals concentration levels for guinea sorrel cultivated along the bank of river Ngadda and Alau dam and consumed on a daily basis as compared to WHO/FAO recommended maximum permissible limit (MPL) for edible vegetables. The result obtained showed that the concentration values of Al ranged from 932 ± 18 to 3369 ± 54 ppm, Co 0 .12 ± 0.03 to 40 ± 4 ppm, La 1.00 ± 0.03 ppm to 38 ± 4 ppm, Manganese 112 ± 0.4 to 176 ± 1 ppm, Rubidium 4 ± 0.5 to 21 ± 1ppm, Sc 0.10 ± 0.007 to 27 ± 1 ppm Sm 0.106 ± 0.004 to 17.2 ± 0.4 ppm, V 1.10 ± 0.3 to 4 ± 1 ppm and Zn 17 ± 3 to 63 ± 4 ppm, and Fe 379 ± 33 ppm to 2316 ± 65 ppm. This result indicates that the maximum concentrations of Fe, Cr, Mn and Co, in guinea sorrel from most of the sites were above the acceptable limits given by FAO/WHO for edible vegetables. Therefore, it is certain that there is the health risk associated with the continuous consumption of guinea sorrel vegetables cultivated from the study site and authors of this work hereby recommends that investigation of this kind should be carried out from time to time so as to know the buildup or otherwise of heavy metals in guinea sorrel cultivated in the study sites.
The Developmental Readiness of Government School Teachers
Authors: Gill Chandandeep Kaur , Vig Deepika , Chawla Asha
Published: April 2020

School readiness involves readiness in terms of ability to reading, writing and use numbers along with emotional and psychological readiness to make successful entry to formal schooling. It has been established that academic readiness is the most important component of school readiness. The present study was aimed to assess the knowledge of rural and urban government school teachers of Ludhiana regarding developmental readiness. The study was based on 100 teachers (i.e. 50 rural and 50 urban) teaching Class – I. The sample was selected from seven Government Primary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban locales of Ludhiana District. Self- Structured Teachers’ Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess the academic readiness of rural and urban government school children. The questionnaire comprised of five open ended questions relating to academic readiness expected to be achieved by students of Class-I. The comparison between knowledge levels of rural and urban teachers revealed that urban teachers had better knowledge than rural teachers. Teachers play an important role in building a child’s success in their first years of school. They provide structure and help children grow in their pre-reading and pre-writing skills, teach pre-arithmetical skills and help children understand themselves.
Sodium Biphenyl as Anolyte for Sodium–Seawater Batteries
Authors: Kim Yongil , Jung Jaeho , Yu Hyein , Kim Guk‐Tae , Jeong Dasong , Bresser Dominic , Kang Seok Ju , Kim Youngsik , Passerini Stefano
Published: April 2020

Sodium‐based battery systems have recently attracted increasing research interest due to the abundant resources employed. Among various material candidates for the negative electrode, sodium metal provides the highest capacity of theoretically 1165 mAh g−1 and a very low redox potential of −2.71 versus the standard hydrogen electrode. However, the high reactivity of sodium metal toward the commonly used electrolytes results in severe side reactions, including the evolution of gaseous decomposition products, and, in addition, the risk of dendritic sodium growth, potentially causing a disastrous short circuit of the cell. Herein, the use of sodium biphenyl (Na‐BP) as anolyte for the Na–seawater batteries (Na–SWB) is investigated. The catholyte for the open‐structured positive electrode is natural seawater with sodium cations dissolved therein. Remarkably, the significant electronic and ionic conductivities of the Na‐BP anolyte enable a low overpotential for the sodium deposition upon charge, allowing for high capacity and excellent capacity retention for 80 cycles in full Na–SWB. Additionally, the Na‐BP anolyte suppresses gas evolution and dendrite growth by forming a homogeneous surface layer on the metallic negative electrode.
Layer‐By‐Layer Coating of Aminocellulose and Quorum Quenching Acylase on Silver Nanoparticles Synergistically Eradicate Bacteria and Their Biofilms
Authors: Ivanova Aleksandra , Ivanova Kristina , Tied Antje , Heinze Thomas , Tzanov Tzanko
Published: April 2020

The emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and the failure of the existing antibacterial therapeutics call for development of novel treatment strategies. Furthermore, the formation of bacterial biofilms restricts drug penetration and efficiency, causing life‐threatening infections. Bacterial attachment and biofilm formation are regulated by the cell‐to‐cell communication phenomenon called quorum sensing (QS). In this work, antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are decorated in a layer‐by‐layer fashion with the oppositely charged aminocellulose (AM) and acylase to generate hybrid nanoentities with enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activities as well as reduced cytotoxicity. Acylase, a quorum‐quenching enzyme that degrades the QS signals in the extracellular environment of bacteria, disrupts the bacterial QS process and together with the bactericidal AM synergistically lowers fourfold the minimum inhibitory concentration of the AgNPs templates toward Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The hybrid nanoparticles in eightfold‐lower concentration than the AgNPs inhibit 45% of the QS‐regulated virulence factors produced by the reporter Chromobacterium violaceum bacterial strain and reduce by 100% the P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. Moreover, the sequential deposition of antibacterial/antibiofilm active and biocompatible biopolymers onto the AgNPs allows the engineering of safe nanomaterials that do not affect the viability of human cells.
Click by Click Microporous Annealed Particle (MAP) Scaffolds
Authors: Darling Nicole J. , Xi Weixian , Sideris Elias , Anderson Alexa R. , Pong Cassie , Carmichael S. Thomas , Segura Tatiana
Published: April 2020

Macroporous scaffolds are being increasingly used in regenerative medicine and tissue repair. While the recently developed microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds have overcome issues with injectability and in situ hydrogel formation, limitations with respect to tunability to be able to manipulate hydrogel strength and rigidity for broad applications still exist. To address these key issues, here hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) of hyaluronic acid (HA) are synthesized using the thiol‐norbornene click reaction and then HMPs are subsequently annealed into a porous scaffold using the tetrazine‐norbornene click reaction. This assembly method allows for straightforward tuning of bulk scaffold rigidity by varying the tetrazine to norbornene ratio, with increasing tetrazine resulting in increasing scaffold storage modulus, Young's modulus, and maximum stress. These changes are independent of void fraction. Further incorporation of human dermal fibroblasts throughout the porous scaffold reveals the biocompatibility of this annealing strategy as well as differences in proliferation and cell‐occupied volume. Finally, injection of porous HA‐Tet MAP scaffolds into an ischemic stroke model shows this chemistry is biocompatible in vivo with reduced levels of inflammation and astrogliosis as previously demonstrated for other crosslinking chemistries.
Engineering Tough, Injectable, Naturally Derived, Bioadhesive Composite Hydrogels
Authors: Tavafoghi Maryam , Sheikhi Amir , Tutar Rumeysa , Jahangiry Jamileh , Baidya Avijit , Haghniaz Reihaneh , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: April 2020

Engineering mechanically robust bioadhesive hydrogels that can withstand large strains may open new opportunities for the sutureless sealing of highly stretchable tissues. While typical chemical modifications of hydrogels, such as increasing the functional group density of crosslinkable moieties and blending them with other polymers or nanomaterials have resulted in improved mechanical stiffness, the modified hydrogels have often exhibited increased brittleness resulting in deteriorated sealing capabilities under large strains. Furthermore, highly elastic hydrogels, such as tropoelastin derivatives are highly expensive. Here, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is hybridized with methacrylate‐modified alginate (AlgMA) to enable ion‐induced reversible crosslinking that can dissipate energy under strain. The hybrid hydrogels provide a photocrosslinkable, injectable, and bioadhesive platform with an excellent toughness that can be tailored using divalent cations, such as calcium. This class of hybrid biopolymers with more than 600% improved toughness compared to GelMA may set the stage for durable, mechanically resilient, and cost‐effective tissue sealants. This strategy to increase the toughness of hydrogels may be extended to other crosslinkable polymers with similarly reactive moieties.
Flexible Antimony@Carbon Integrated Anode for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Cao Kangzhe , Liu Huiqiao , Jia Yongheng , Zhang Zhang , Jiang Yong , Liu Xiaogang , Huang Ke‐Jing , Jiao Lifang
Published: April 2020

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are considered as promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries due to the abundant resources, low cost, and low redox potential of K. However, KIBs anode materials suffer challenges owing to the large K+ radius and slow reaction dynamics, which result in low reversible capacity and inferior rate capability. Herein, Sb nanoparticles (about 4 nm) confined in an interconnecting carbon porous nanofibers (Sb@C PNFs) are constructed as flexible integrated KIBs anode. In this architecture, Sb nanoparticles are encapsulated and vessel‐like channels are contained in the N‐doping carbon porous nanofibers, which are adopted as the continuous 3D conductive framework and current collector. Benefiting from the shortened K+ diffusion distance, efficient electrolyte diffusion passages, and reserved space for holding volume swelling, the flexible Sb@C PNFs integrated electrode exhibits excellent K+ storage behaviors (capacities of 399.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 208.1 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 are delivered, respectively, and a capacity of 264.0 mAh g−1 is remained even cycled at 2.0 A g−1 after 500 cycles), and is among the best anode materials up to date. Moreover, the high reversible alloying and dealloying process between cubic K3Sb and as‐formed amorphous Sb in the Sb@C PNFs is confirmed.
Quantification of Protein Secretion from Circulating Tumor Cells in Microfluidic Chambers
Authors: Armbrecht Lucas , Rutschmann Ophélie , Szczerba Barbara Maria , Nikoloff Jonas , Aceto Nicola , Dittrich Petra S.
Published: April 2020

Cancer cells can be released from a cancerous lesion and migrate into the circulatory system, from whereon they may form metastases at distant sites. Today, it is possible to infer cancer progression and treatment efficacy by determining the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the patient's blood at multiple time points; further valuable information about CTC phenotypes remains inaccessible. In this article, a microfluidic method for integrated capture, isolation, and analysis of membrane markers as well as quantification of proteins secreted by single CTCs and CTC clusters is introduced. CTCs are isolated from whole blood with extraordinary efficiencies above 95% using dedicated trapping structures that allow co‐capture of functionalized magnetic beads to assess protein secretion. The patform is tested with multiple breast cancer cell lines spiked into human blood and mouse‐model‐derived CTCs. In addition to immunostaining, the secretion level of granulocyte growth stimulating factor (G‐CSF), which is shown to be involved in neutrophil recruitment, is quantified The bead‐based assay provides a limit of detection of 1.5 ng mL−1 or less than 3700 molecules per cell. Employing barcoded magnetic beads, this platform can be adapted for multiplexed analysis and can enable comprehensive functional CTC profiling in the future.
Multi‐Color Luminescence Transition of Upconversion Nanocrystals via Crystal Phase Control with SiO2 for High Temperature Thermal Labels
Authors: Baek Dahye , Lee Tae Kyung , Jeon Inkyu , Joo Se Hun , Shin Subeen , Park Jaehyun , Kang Seok Ju , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Jiseok
Published: April 2020

Upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs)‐embedded microarchitectures with luminescence color transition capability and enhanced luminescence intensity under extreme conditions are suitable for developing a robust labeling system in a high‐temperature thermal industrial process. However, most UCNs based labeling systems are limited by the loss of luminescence owing to the destruction of the crystalline phase or by a predetermined luminescence color without color transition capability. Herein, an unusual crystal phase transition of UCNs to a hexagonal apatite phase in the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles is reported with the enhancements of 130‐fold green luminescence and 52‐fold luminance as compared to that of the SiO2‐free counterpart. By rationally combining this strategy with an additive color mixing method using a mask‐less flow lithography technique, single to multiple luminescence color transition, scalable labeling systems with hidden letters‐, and multi‐luminescence colored microparticles are demonstrated for a UCNs luminescence color change‐based high temperature labeling system.
Retarded Charge–Carrier Recombination in Photoelectrochemical Cells from Plasmon‐Induced Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Choi Young Moon , Lee Byoung Wan , Jung Myung Sun , Han Hyun Soo , Kim Suk Hyun , Chen Kaifeng , Kim Dong Ha , Heinz Tony F. , Fan Shanhui , Lee Jihye , Yi Gi‐Ra , Kim Jung Kyu , Park Jong Hyeok
Published: April 2020

N‐type metal oxides such as hematite (α‐Fe2O3) and bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) are promising candidate materials for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting; however, their short minority carrier diffusion length and restricted carrier lifetime result in undesired rapid charge recombination. Herein, a 2D arranged globular Au nanosphere (NS) monolayer array with a highly ordered hexagonal hole pattern (hereafter, Au array) is introduced onto the surface of photoanodes comprised of metal oxide films via a facile drying and transfer‐printing process. Through plasmon‐induced resonance energy transfer, the Au array provides a strong electromagnetic field in the near‐surface area of the metal oxide film. The near‐field coupling interaction and amplification of the electromagnetic field suppress the charge recombination with long‐lived photogenerated holes and simultaneously enhance the light harvesting and charge transfer efficiencies. Consequently, an over 3.3‐fold higher photocurrent density at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is achieved for the Au array/α‐Fe2O3. Furthermore, the high versatility of this transfer printing of Au arrays is demonstrated by introducing it on the molybdenum‐doped BiVO4 film, resulting in 1.5‐fold higher photocurrent density at 1.23 V versus RHE. The tailored metal film design can provide a potential strategy for the versatile application in various light‐mediated energy conversion and optoelectronic devices.
COVID‐US: A simplified approach to cardiopulmonary ultrasound in suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 patients in surge crisis
Authors: Yang Yang , Anstey James , Yastrebov Konstantin , Nanjayya Vinodh Bhagyalakshmi , Orde Sam , Nalos Marek , Costello Cartan , Ryan Nicholas Patrick George
Published: April 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID‐19) pandemic has placed an unprecedented challenge on healthcare systems across the globe. Rapid assessment of the cardiorespiratory function to monitor disease progression and guide treatment is essential. Therefore, we have designed the COVID‐US: a simplified cardiopulmonary ultrasound approach to use in suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 patients, to aid front‐line health workers in their decision‐making in a surge crisis.
Self‐reported olfactory loss associates with outpatient clinical course in COVID‐19
Authors: Yan Carol H. , Faraji Farhoud , Prajapati Divya P. , Ostrander Benjamin T. , DeConde Adam S.
Published: April 2020

Background

Rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus has left many health systems around the world overwhelmed, forcing triaging of scarce medical resources. Identifying indicators of hospital admission for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients early in the disease course could aid the efficient allocation of medical interventions. Self‐reported olfactory impairment has recently been recognized as a hallmark of COVID‐19 and may be an important predictor of clinical outcome.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients presenting to a San Diego Hospital system with laboratory‐confirmed positive COVID‐19 infection was conducted with evaluation of olfactory and gustatory function and clinical disease course. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for hospital admission and anosmia.

Results

A total of 169 patients tested positive for COVID‐19 disease between March 3 and April 8, 2020. Olfactory and gustatory data were obtained for 128 (75.7%) of 169 subjects, of which 26 (20.1%) of 128 required hospitalization. Admission for COVID‐19 was associated with intact sense of smell and taste, increased age, diabetes, and subjective and objective parameters associated with respiratory failure. On adjusted analysis, anosmia was strongly and independently associated with outpatient care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01‐0.74), whereas positive findings of pulmonary infiltrates and/or pleural effusion on chest radiograph (aOR 8.01; 95% CI, 1.12‐57.49) was strongly and independently associated with admission.

Conclusion

Normosmia is an independent predictor of admission in COVID‐19 cases. Smell loss in COVID‐19 may be associated with a milder clinical course.
The thin edge of the wedge: Extremely high extinction risk in wedgefishes and giant guitarfishes
Authors: Kyne Peter M. , Jabado Rima W. , Rigby Cassandra L. , Dharmadi  , Gore Mauvis A. , Pollock Caroline M. , Herman Katelyn B. , Cheok Jessica , Ebert David A. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Dulvy Nicholas K.
Published: April 2020

The process of understanding the rapid global decline of sawfishes (Pristidae) has revealed great concern for their relatives, the wedgefishes (Rhinidae) and giant guitarfishes (Glaucostegidae), not least because all three families are targeted for their high‐value and internationally traded ‘white’ fins.

The objective of this study was to assess the extinction risk of all 10 wedgefishes and six giant guitarfishes by applying the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, and to summarize the latest understanding of their biogeography and habitat, life history, exploitation, use and trade, and population status. Three of the 10 wedgefish species had not been assessed previously for the IUCN Red List.

Wedgefishes and giant guitarfishes have overtaken sawfishes as the most imperilled marine fish families globally, with all but one of the 16 species facing an extremely high risk of extinction through a combination of traits: limited biological productivity; presence in shallow waters overlapping with some of the most intense and increasing coastal fisheries in the world; and overexploitation in target and by‐catch fisheries, driven by the need for animal protein and food security in coastal communities and the trade in meat and high‐value fins.

Two species with very restricted ranges, the clown wedgefish (Rhynchobatus cooki) of the Malay Archipelago and the false shark ray (Rhynchorhina mauritaniensis) of Mauritania, may be very close to extinction.

Only the eyebrow wedgefish (Rhynchobatus palpebratus) is not assessed as Critically Endangered, with it occurring primarily in Australia where fishing pressure is low and some management measures are in place. Australia represents a ‘lifeboat’ for the three wedgefish and one giant guitarfish species occurring there.

To conserve populations and permit recovery, a suite of measures will be required that will need to include species protection, spatial management, by‐catch mitigation, and harvest and international trade management, all of which will be dependent on effective enforcement.