bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viscous-dynamical Ejecta from Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Radice David , Perego Albino , Hotokezaka Kenta , Bernuzzi Sebastiano , Fromm Steven A. , Roberts Luke F.
Published: December 2018

General-relativistic simulations of binary neutron star (NS) mergers with viscosity reveal a new outflow mechanism operating in unequal mass binaries on dynamical timescales and enabled by turbulent viscosity. These “viscous-dynamical” ejecta are launched during the merger due to the thermalization of mass exchange streams between the secondary and the primary NS. They are characterized by asymptotic velocities extending up to ∼0.8c, and have masses that depend on the efficiency of the viscous mechanism. Depending on the unknown strength of the effective viscosity arising from magnetohydrodynamic instabilities operating during the merger, the overall mass of the dynamical ejecta could be enhanced by a factor of a few and the mass of the fast tail of the ejecta, having asymptotic velocities ≥0.6c, by up to four orders of magnitude. The radioactive decay of the expanding viscous-dynamical ejecta could produce bright kilonova transients with signatures of free neutron decay in the first hour, and enhanced near-infrared flux on a timescale of a few days. The synchrotron remnant produced by the interaction between the ejecta and the interstellar medium could also be significantly enhanced by viscosity. Such a remnant could be detected in the case of GW170817 as a rebrightening of the radio signal in the next months to years.
The Mt Halimun-Salak Malaise Trap project - releasing the most species rich DNA Barcode library for Indonesia
Authors: Cancian de Araujo Bruno , Schmidt Stefan , Schmidt Olga , von Rintelen Thomas , Ubaidillah Rosichon , Balke Michael
Published: December 2018

The Indonesian archipelago features an extraordinarily rich biota. However, the actual taxonomic inventory of the archipelago remains highly incomplete and there is hardly any significant taxonomic activity that utilises recent technological advances. The IndoBioSys project was established as a biodiversity information system aiming at, amongst other goals, creating inventories of the Indonesian entomofauna using DNA barcoding. Here, we release the first large scale assessment of the megadiverse insect groups that occur in the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, one of the largest tropical rain-forest ecosystem in West Java, with a focus on Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera collected with Malaise traps. From September 2015 until April 2016, 34 Malaise traps were placed in different localities in the south-eastern part of the Halimun-Salak National Park. A total of 4,531 specimens were processed for DNA barcoding and in total, 2,382 individuals produced barcode compliant records, representing 1,195 exclusive BINs or putative species in 98 insect families. A total of 1,149 BINs were new to BOLD. Of 1,195 BINs detected, 804 BINs were singletons and more than 90% of the BINs incorporated less than five specimens. The astonishing heterogeneity of BINs, as high as 1.1 exclusive BIN per specimen of Diptera successfully processed, shows that the cost/benefit relationship of the discovery of new species in those areas is very low. In four genera of Chalcidoidea, a superfamily of the Hymenoptera, the number of discovered species was higher than the number of species known from Indonesia, suggesting that our samples contain many species that are new to science. Those numbers shows how fast molecular pipelines contribute substantially to the objective inventorying of the fauna giving us a good picture of how potentially diverse tropical areas might be.
New insights into the karyotype evolution of the genus Gampsocleis (Orthoptera, Tettigoniinae, Gampsocleidini)
Authors: Kociński Maciej , Grzywacz Beata , Chobanov Dragan , Warchałowska-Śliwa Elżbieta
Published: December 2018

Five species belonging to the genusGampsocleisFieber, 1852 were analyzed using fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA and telomeric probes, as well as C-banding, DAPI/CMA3staining and silver impregnation. The studied species showed two distinct karyotypes, with 2n = 31 (male) and 2n = 23 (male) chromosomes. The drastic reduction in chromosome number observed in the latter case suggests multiple translocations and fusions as the main responsible that occurred during chromosome evolution. Two groups of rDNA distribution were found inGampsocleisrepresentatives analyzed. Group 1, with a single large rDNA cluster on the medium-sized autosome found in four species, carried in the haploid karyotype. Group 2, represented only byG.abbreviata, was characterized by the presence of two rDNA signals. TTAGG telomeric repeats were found at the ends of chromosome arms as expected. The rDNA clusters coincided with active NORs and GC-rich segments.
Episcopalis communio , mérites et limites d’une réforme institutionnelle
Authors: Borras Alphonse
Published: December 2018

Le 15 sep. 2018, le pape François publiait Episcopalis communio qui régit le Synode des évêques. L’A. analyse le sens théologique et canonique de la Constitution apostolique, à partir de son titre et de ses principaux éléments : fonction et nature du Synode des évêques, typologie des Assemblées synodales, déroulement et rôle du Secrétariat général du Synode, etc. Il relève quelques mérites et limites de ce texte novateur pour l’ecclésiologie.
Students’ Self-Identified Learning Needs: A Case Study of Baccalaureate Students Designing Their Own Death and Dying Course Curriculum
Authors: Birkholz Gloria , Clements Paul T. , Cox Rhonda , Gaume Alethea
Published: December 2018

The knowledge needed to provide competent care to dying clients and their families and to meet the established criteria for effective death and dying curricula was explored by junior-level and senior-level baccalaureate honors students, who identified their own learning needs and resources. After completing the self-designed curriculum, student-identified learning needs were compared to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing competencies for providing high-quality end-of-life care. Analysis of the student-identified objectives revealed a high level of congruity with the nationally established competencies.
“Covering Content” and Teaching Thinking: Deconstructing the Additive Curriculum
Authors: Ironside Pamela M.
Published: December 2018

For more than 25 years, reliance on conventional pedagogy has led nurse educators to persistently focus on what students need to learn to enter contemporary practice settings. Therefore, as biomedical and nursing knowledge grows and the health care system in which students will practice becomes increasingly complex, content is persistently added to nursing curricula, while little is taken out. An underlying assumption of this approach is that if important content is “covered,” thinking necessarily follows. This study, using Heideggerian hermeneutics, examines the relationship between covering content and thinking by explicating the common experiences of teachers enacting interpretive pedagogies. One of the themes that emerged from this analysis is presented: “Covering Content” and Teaching Thinking: Deconstructing the Additive Curriculum.
Effect of Diode Laser Retinal Ablative Therapy for Threshold Retinopathy of Prematurity on the Visual Field: Results of Goldmann Perimetry at a Mean Age of 11 Years
Authors: McLoone Eibhlin , O'Keefe Michael , McLoone Sean , Lanigan Bernadette
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To assess the peripheral visual field in premature children who received diode laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and in a comparison group with subthreshold ROP that had regressed spontaneously without laser treatment.

Patients and Methods: Eleven patients (18 eyes) were treated with laser, and nine patients (16 eyes) with subthreshold untreated ROP were recalled for assessment at a mean follow-up of 1 1 years. All children underwent Goldmann visual field testing using the M4e and V4e stimuli. Distance visual acuity measurement, dilated fundal examination, and cycloplegic autorefraction were also performed.

Results: The visual field extent in treated eyes was 3% to 4% smaller for the V4e target and 7% to 10% smaller for the N4e target than in the comparison eyes. For the N4e stimulus, the right eye visual field extent of the laser-treated children did not differ significantly from that of the untreated comparison group (P = .11), but the left eyes showed a borderline significant reduction (P = .046). For the larger V4e stimulus, no significant differences were noted (right eye, P= .41; left eye, P= .30).

Conclusions: This is the first study to assess the effect of diode laser therapy on the peripheral visual field in eyes with threshold ROP using Goldmann perimetry. Laser-treated eyes showed a slight constriction of peripheral visual fields compared with untreated subthreshold eyes. It is uncertain whether this was due to the laser treatment itself or to the more severe ROP in the laser group. However, the limited reduction in visual field extent is comparable to that reported for cryotherapy and is unlikely to be of functional significance.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2007;44:170173.
Association Between Fixation Preference Testing and Strabismic Pseudoamblyopia
Authors: Hakim Ossama M
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Fixation preference testing is the mainstay of clinical diagnosis of Strabismic amblyopia in preverbal children and infants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the strength of the association between fixation preference and Strabismic amblyopia.

Patients and Methods: Eighty patients (3 to 8.3 years) with manifest strabismus and the capability to cooperate with a Snellen acuity test were prospectively examined. Thirty patients were diagnosed as having partially accommodative esotropia, 15 as having congenital esotropia, ?5 as having primary acquired esotropia, 15 as having congenital exotropia, and 5 as having hypertropia. Visual acuity levels were measured using a Snellen ?-chart. Fixation preference was evaluated and graded from O (free alternation) to 3 (strong uniocular fixation). At the end, we compared visual acuity and the grade of fixation preference. Amblyopia was defined as a difference of two or more Snellen lines between the two eyes.

Results: Sixty patients (75%) had strong uniocular fixation (grade 3). Of these patients, 50 (85%) had no amblyopia and only 1 0 had deep amblyopia. Ten patients (12.5%) had moderate fixation (grades 1 and 2). Of these patients, five (50%) had no amblyopia and five had moderate amblyopia. Ten patients (12.5%) had free alternation (grade O). These patients had equal vision.

Conclusion: Treatment of Strabismic amblyopia on the basis that the sound eye will show strong fixation preference can be hazardous. Fixation preference could be a severe form of eye dominance, and better methods for testing visual acuity in preverbal children are required.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2007;44:1 74177.
Music as a Healing Art for Older Adults
Authors: Sorrell Jeannette A. , Sorrell Jeanne M.
Published: December 2018

There is increasing evidence of the importance of regular mental and physical exercise to maximize overall health and functioning in older adults. However, many individuals find that reduced strength or disabilities prevent them from participating in the kinds of exercise they enjoyed when they were younger. Music can provide the important benefits of both mental and physical stimulation to even frail older adults. Whether using Conductorcise for aerobic exercise, enjoying the communal experience of singing in a choir, or quietly reflecting on a music recording, music can serve as a healing art for older adults.
Reducing HIV Risk Among People With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: G.Dyer Janyce , McGuinness Teena M.
Published: December 2018

The rate of HIV infection among U.S. citizens who live with serious mental illness (SMI) is significantly higher than among the general population. Research on the determinants of risk behavior is limited. The purpose of this article is to explore the effects of HIV-related health disparities on people with SMI by analyzing the multiple determinants, or domains of risk, and describing issues related to tailoring HIV primary prevention risk reduction strategies to people with SMI. According to the model proposed by Meade and Sikkema, domains of risk include psychiatric illness, substance use, cognitive-behavioral factors, social relationships, and demographics. The majority of people with SMI are sexually active and engage in behaviors that place them at high risk for HIV/AIDS. Mental illness may affect HIV risk through interacting domains that influence sexual behavior. HIV risk reduction strategies must consider psychiatric illness and comorbidities, social relationships, and trauma history. In addition, these efforts should be integrated into existing services.
Morphological and Functional Changes Immediately After Half-Time Photodynamic Therapy in Patients With Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Muslubas Isil Sayman , Ersoz M. Giray , Hocaoglu Mumin , Arf Serra , Karacorlu Murat
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate early treatment outcomes of half-time photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The anatomical and functional results were assessed for 24 eyes of 23 patients with CSC treated with half-time PDT in this prospective case series. Central foveal thickness (CFT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) were evaluated by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and mean retinal sensitivities and fixation characteristics were evaluated by MP-1 microperimetry at baseline and 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment.

RESULTS:

Observations 1 day after treatment revealed an increase in both SCT and CFT and a decrease in retinal sensitivity (
P
= .013;
P
= .02; and
P
= .02, respectively). The CFT significantly resolved 1 month after treatment (
P
= .002), and the SCT significantly resolved 7 days after treatment (
P
= .011). Although an immediate decrease in retinal sensitivity was observed at post-treatment day 1 (
P
= .02), the greatest reduction in retinal sensitivity was observed 3 days after treatment(
P
= .009), and then a tendency to increase was seen at subsequent visits.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite early anatomical and functional impairments, such as an increase in CFT and SCT and a decrease in retinal sensitivity immediately after half-time PDT, best-corrected visual acuity and retinal sensitivity improved significantly 3 months after treatment. Half-time PDT is associated with early transient deterioration, but not with permanent adverse effect in patients with CSC.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:932–940.]
Non-Lasered Drainage Retinotomies for Repair of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments
Authors: Hodson Trevor S. , Isom Ryan F. , Parke David Wilkin
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Drainage retinotomies are a technique used for treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs). These retinotomies are commonly surrounded by barricade laser. This paper aims to evaluate operative success of non-lasered drainage retinotomies during 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for repair of primary RRD.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective review of a consecutive interventional case series. Study includes 45 eyes of 45 patients who underwent 25-gauge PPV with a non-lasered drainage retinotomy for primary RRD. Eyes with previous retinal detachments or less than 3 months of follow-up were excluded.

RESULTS:

All PPV with non-lasered drainage retinotomies were carried out by one surgeon (RFI); 25-gauge PPV instrumentation, a wide-angle viewing system, endolaser photocoagulation, and air or sulfur hexafluoride gas tamponade were utilized for each eye. Single surgery anatomical success was achieved in 42 out of 45 eyes (93%).

CONCLUSION:

Retinal detachment repair utilizing non-lasered drainage retinotomies had a high anatomic success rate comparable to that of standard retinal detachment repair.
1,2

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:955–960.]
Recurrence of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy
Authors: Hoang Amber , Khine Kay T. , Houghton Odette M.
Published: December 2018

A 31-year-old female with a 2-month history of a central scotoma was diagnosed with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMNR). Her symptoms resolved spontaneously, only to recur 2 years later with progressively worsening visual field deficits that did not improve with a trial of oral prednisone. The authors report a case of AMNR that is distinguished from other reports by its recurrence in the same eye after complete resolution of the first episode.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:962–968.]
Perifoveal Exudative Vascular Anomalous Complex-Like Lesion as a Complication of Prepapillary Arterial Loops
Authors: Ayachit Apoorva G. , Sacconi Riccardo , Ayachit Guruprasad S. , Joshi Shrinivas , Querques Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

Perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PEVAC) and its expanded spectrum have been recently elucidated by multimodal imaging. Although there is some clarity about its characteristic features and natural history, the cause remains unknown. Herein, the authors describe a hitherto unknown association with prepapillary arterial loops and suggest a possible hypothesis for the development of a PEVAC-like lesion and its response to treatment with thermal laser.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:974–978.]
Fibrin Glue and Internal Limiting Membrane Abrasion for Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy
Authors: Almeida David R. P. , Chin Eric K. , Arjmand Parnian , Velez Gabriel , Evans Lucy P. , Mahajan Vinit B.
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To describe a novel surgical technique using pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), internal limiting membrane (ILM) abrasion, and intravitreal fibrin glue for the treatment of optic disc pit maculopathy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Surgical case series technique with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of human post-mortem eyes.

RESULTS:

Using SEM, the authors demonstrate the persistent adherence of vitreous fragments to the optic disc following induction of posterior vitreous detachment in human postmortem eyes. The authors describe a surgical technique using PPV, Tano Diamond Dusted Membrane Scraper for an ILM abrasion, intravitreal fibrin glue (Tisseel), and gas-air exchange to seal optic disc pits. The authors report successful long-term visual and anatomical outcomes in three patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intravitreal fibrin glue, when combined with ILM abrasion, may be a viable treatment option for optic disc pit maculopathy with good short- and long-term visual acuity outcomes. SEM shows that ILM abrasion removes vitreous fragments, which are persistently adherent and may lead to failure with other interventional techniques.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2018;49:e271–e277.]
Clinicopathologic Correlation of the Optic Pit Glial Plug in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy
Authors: Yannuzzi Nicolas A. , Zhou Xiao Yi , Monsalve Pedro , Dubovy Sander R. , Smiddy William E.
Published: December 2018

This is a report of a 31-year-old woman with unilateral vision loss due to serous retinal detachment and schisis-like changes associated with an optic disc pit. The patient was initially observed but worsened clinically and underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, laser photocoagulation, and removal of an optic pit plug. Histopathological analysis of the specimen disclosed that the plug consisted of fibrovascular neural tissue.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:e287–e291.]
Towards Machine Learning Models as a Key Mean to Train and Optimize Multi-view Web Services Proxy Security Layer
Authors: Misbah Anass , Ettalbi Ahmed
Published: December 2018

Muti-view Web services have brought many advantages regarding the early abstraction of end users needs and constraints. Thus, security has been positively impacted by this paradigm, particularly, within Web services applications area, and then Multi-view Web services.

In our previous work, we introduce the concept of Multi-view Web services to Internet of Things architecture within a Cloud infrastructure by proposing a Proxy Security Layer which consists of Multi-view Web services allowing the identification and categorizing of all interacting IoT objects and applications so as to increase the level of security and improve the control of transactions.

Besides, Artificial Intelligence and especially Machine Learning are growing fast and are making it possible to simulate human being intelligence in many domains; consequently, it is more and more possible to process automatically a large amount of data in order to make decision, bring new insights or even detect new threats / opportunities that we were not able to detect before by simple human means.
In this work, we are bringing together the power of the Machine Learning models and The Multi-view Web services Proxy Security Layer so as to verify permanently the consistency of the access rules, detect the suspicious intrusions, update the policy and also optimize the Multi-view Web services for a better performance of the whole Internet of Things architecture.
Mirabilia et realia dans le Kitāb aḫbār al-Nūba d’Ibn Sulaym al-Uswānī (fin ive/xe siècle)
Authors: Seignobos Robin
Published: December 2018

Ibn Sulaym al-Uswānī fut envoyé par le conquérant fatimide de l’Égypte, Ǧawhar al-Ṣiqillī, en mission diplomatique à Dongola entre 358/969 et 362/973. À son retour, il rédigea un traité historique et géographique spécialement consacré à la Nubie et aux régions environnantes, connu sous le titre de Kitāb aḫbār al-Nūba. L’œuvre est aujourd’hui considérée comme perdue et nous est seulement parvenue sous la forme de longs extraits cités par al-Maqrīzī et d’autres auteurs plus tardifs. Quoi qu’elle ne se présente pas comme un catalogue de mirabilia, la relation d’al-Uswānī n’en accorde pas moins une place non négligeable à la description des « merveilles » qu’il a lui-même observées ou que ses informateurs lui ont rapportées, et ce même lorsque leur authenticité lui paraît douteuse. Nous constaterons toutefois, à travers l’analyse d’une sélection d’extraits du Kitāb aḫbār al-Nūba, que même les faits les plus extraordinaires sont susceptibles de livrer des informations originales et pertinentes sur les realia nubiennes ou soudanaises.
Essai de lexicographie historique
Authors: Sartori Manuel
Published: December 2018

Dans le domaine de la grammaire arabe, Ibn al-Ḥāǧib (m. 646/1249) est bien connu pour ses Amālī naḥwiyya mais aussi pour son Imlāʾ ʿalā al-Kāfiya, le commentaire qu’il fit de sa propre Kāfiya fī al-naḥw, compendium tiré du Mufaṣṣal d’al-Zamaḫšarī (m. 538/1144). Généralement compris comme « dictée », imlāʾ, dont il existe deux pluriels (amālī d’une part, imlāʾāt d’autre part), est un terme technique qui appartient au fonds de l’ancienne littérature arabe, grammaticale notamment. Citons ainsi les Amālī d’Abū ʿAlī Ismāʿīl al-Qāsim al-Baġdādī al-Qālī (m. 356/967) dans le domaine de l’adab. Mais ce terme, directement rattachable à deux familles lexicales dont les racines sont M-L-ʾ et M-L-Y, et indirectement à une troisième, M-L-L, n’a le sens de « dictée » que de manière très marginale comparé à tout un ensemble d’autres significations. Cet article, explorant ces autres sens, se propose de retracer l’étymologie probable de imlāʾ pour ce qui concerne celui de « dictée ».
المغاربة وتجارة الهند من البحر الأحمر إلى المحيط الهندي والصين
Authors: ميلاد لطفي بن
Published: December 2018

Our approach is based on tracking the Islamic Western merchants (North Africa and Muslim Spain) presence in the Eastern trade from Alexandria to China during the late Middle Age. Trade activity goes back to ancient times and flourished in the Red Sea during the second half of the 5th/11th century thanks to some objective factors, such as troubles along territorial roads (Banū Hilāl), maritime routes (Normans and Crusaders) and the spread of antisemitism spreading in the Mediterranean Western basin. For that reason, the “Geniza” letters are considered as a prominent historical source until the beginning of the 7th/13th century. However, the documents show some limitations, since they mention Jewish merchants only. Yet the prosperity of the “Karimi” trade revealed the existence of a community of Maghribi origin whose members had a decisive role in the 15th century trade. They were conscious of a crisis in the spice trade, which was of no use for the classical world till the advent of the Portuguese in the early 16th century. The latters’ presence allowed many of them to remain in the Indian Ocean islands and even in China. They are mentioned in travelogues, especially the most famous one, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa.
Genèse d’un coup de force polémique
Authors: Franceschi Sylvio Hermann De
Published: December 2018

De même qu’il met à l’épreuve dans sa correspondance privée des thèses philosophiques qu’il va ensuite défendre dans des traités plus élaborés, Fénelon a ainsi mis au ban d’essai dans ses lettres un argumentaire polémique antijanséniste qu’il s’est ensuite chargé de développer dans le chef-d’œuvre que constitue la grande Instruction pastorale en forme de dialogues souscrite le 1er janvier 1714 pour défendre le bien-fondé doctrinal des censures portées par la Bulle Vnigenitus. Dans les années qui précèdent la publication de la constitution clémentine, la correspondance de Fénelon ne cesse de revenir obsessionnellement sur la nécessité de condamner le jansénisme par la proscription romaine du système des deux délectations.
DECODING VISUAL COVERT SELECTIVE SPATIAL ATTENTION BASED ON MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY SIGNALS
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Abed
Published: December 2018

This paper proposes a hybrid approach for inferring the target of visual covert selective spatial attention (VCSSA) from magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals. The MEG signal offers a higher spatial resolution and a lower distortion as compared with their competing brain signaling techniques, such as the electroencephalography signal. The proposed approach consists of removing global redundant patterns of MEG channels by surface Laplacian, feature extraction by Hurst exponent (H), 6th order Morlet coefficients (MCs), and Petrosian fractal dimension (PFD), standardization, feature ranking by statistical analysis, and classification by support vector machines (SVM). The results indicate that the combined use of the above elements can effectively decipher the cognitive process of VCSSA. In particular, using four-fold cross-validation, the proposed approach robustly predicts the location of the attended stimulus with an accuracy of up to 92.41% for distinguishing left from right. The results show that the fusion among wavelet coefficients and non-linear features is more robust than in other previous studies. The results also indicate that the VCSSA involves widespread functional brain activities, affecting more regions than temporal and parietal circuits. Finally, the comparison of the results with six other competing strategies indicates that a slightly higher average accuracy is obtained by the proposed approach on the same data.
Virtual and Augmented Reality
Authors: Bailey Liston William
Published: December 2018

This chapter focuses on virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) as tools for teaching and learning. Attainment of skills and knowledge can be supported through the use of VR/AR applications that are being developed both in the commercial sector and at various research institutions. An overview of what differentiates VR and AR is provided to the reader along with considerations of how such applications might be used to support learning environments in the future. If instructional designers and programmers can synchronize their efforts it may be possible to make VA/AR a common feature across learning environments nationally. Common elements of a VR/AR system are discussed here as well as the need to incorporate instructional design practices into the design of learning applications that use VR/AR.
Supporting Learners in the Classroom
Authors: Bailey Liston William
Published: December 2018

To facilitate learning in the classroom, an instructor must use techniques to differentiate and manage instruction while balancing the type and amount of instructional support necessary to help learners achieve their goals. A major set of considerations for an instructor or facilitator in the classroom has to do with determining (1) the appropriate philosophy of teaching and learning for a given body of knowledge or set of tasks, (2) how to optimize the learning environment to make it conducive to learning, and (3) the amount of support or scaffolding that will be required within educational contexts. This perspective piece is intended for pre-service teachers; however, the main ideas surrounding the 3CE model of classroom facilitation can be used by any instructional leader in various instructional formats (online, face-to face, or blended).
Analysis of Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer of Gas-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Taylor Flows in Microchannels
Authors: Abiev Rufat
Published: December 2018

Analysis of hydrodynamics and mass transfer Taylor flows in micro channels of both gas-liquid and liquid-liquid systems on the basis of classical theoretical approach with some simplifying assumptions was performed. Results of theoretical analysis for description of hydrodynamic parameters and mass transfer characteristics were confirmed by comparison with the author's own and available in literature experimental data. It was shown that the main parameters of two-phase Taylor flows could be quite precisely described theoretically: mean bubble/droplet velocity, liquid film thickness, real gas holdup (which is always smaller than so-called dynamic holdup), pressure drop. Peculiarities of liquid-liquid flows compared to gas-liquid Taylor flows in capillaries are discussed. Wettability effect on hydrodynamics was examined. Tools of mass transfer intensification of gas-liquid and liquid-liquid Taylor flow in micro channels are analyzed. Three-layer model for heat and mass transfer has been proposed and implemented for the case of solid-liquid mass transfer for gas-liquid Taylor flows; optimal process conditions for this process are found theoretically and discussed from physical point of view.
2D Numerical Study of a Micromixer Based on Blowing and Vortex Shedding Mechanisms
Authors: Sanchez-Claros Maria , Ortega-Casanova Joaquin , Galindo-Rosales Francisco Jose
Published: December 2018

In this chapter, a numerical study and assessment of the mixing efficiency of a novel microfluidic device for mixing two fluids are presented. The device under study consists of a two-dimensional straight microchannel with a square pillar centered across the channel. The main fluid flows through the microchannel from the main inlet to the outlet, while the second fluid is injected through the pillar as two small jets at its upstream corners. For different values of the Reynolds number, intensity ratio between the jets and the main channel stream and jets injection angle, the authors have conducted several numerical simulations to characterize both the mixing efficiency and the required input power to make the fluids flow. The optimum configuration has been revealed for high values of the Reynolds number, low intensity ratios, and high injection angles. Thanks to vortex shedding and the corresponding downstream oscillations, a mixing efficiency of around 90% can be reached. The worst mixing efficiency is obtained for a configuration without vortex shedding, having a mixing efficiency of only around 2%.
Immiscible Two-Phase Parallel Microflow and Its Applications in Fabricating Micro- and Nanomaterials
Authors: Li Yujie , Wang Jie , Wang Shijie , Li Di , Song Shan , Zhang Peng , Li Jianguo , Yuan Hai
Published: December 2018

The immiscible two-phase flow behaves nonlinearly, and it is a challenging task to control and stabilize the liquid-liquid interface. Parallel flow forms under a proper balance between the driving force, the friction resistance, and the interfacial tension. The liquid-solid interaction as well as the liquid-liquid interaction plays an important role in manipulating the liquid-liquid interface. With vacuum-driven flow, long and stable parallel flow is possible to be obtained in oil-water systems and can be used for fabricating micro- and nanomaterials. Ultra-small Cu nanoparticles of 4~10 nm were synthesized continuously through chemical reactions taking place on the interface. This makes it possible for in situ synthesis of conductive nanoink avoiding oxidation. Well-controlled interface reactions can also be used to produce ultra-long sub-micro Cu wires up to 10 mm at room temperature. This method provided new and simple additive fabrication methods for making integrated microfluidic devices.
Computer Simulation of the Aerodisperse Systems Hydrodynamics in Granulation and Drying Apparatus
Authors: Artyukhov Artem , Artyukhova Nadiia , Krmela Jan
Published: December 2018

The chapter presents validation of the selection criteria for the construction of the granulation and drying equipment. New forms of the organization of the flows motion in a fluidized bed regime are offered. The steering mechanisms for the motion and the residence time of the disperse phase in a workspace of the apparatus are described. The results of the simulation of the hydrodynamic conditions for the motion of the directional gas flow and the two-phase aerodisperse system are presented. Based on the simulation results, various constructions of the apparatus components are offered. The well-minded construction of the workspace of the apparatus helps to achieve optimized consumption of the heating agent and the minimal residence time of the disperse phase in the apparatus. The computer simulation allowed the authors to offer an algorithm of the optimization calculations of the granulation and drying equipment. New constructive solutions to perform the granulation and the drying processes in the devices with a directional fluidized bed are offered.
Technodata and the Need of a Responsible Industry 4.0
Authors: Tabarés Gutiérrez Raúl , Echeverría Ezponda Javier
Published: December 2018

The great transformation that will face European industry is driven by the need of digitizing the entire value chain around manufacturing for creating competitive advantages to maintain a dominant position in the global economy. This new paradigm is commonly known as Industry 4.0, and it has a significant policy support from the European Commission as well as different member states. However, this transition is full of uncertainties as the digitization of industry creates different concerns about employment, privacy, labor rights, and other issues related with this technological revolution. In this chapter, the authors trace back the origins of Industry 4.0 to the Web 2.0 phenomenon as well as they reflect upon the role of technodata and technofactories in a postindustrial society. Finally, they stress the need to reflect about developing a responsible digitization of industry that will consider societal concerns.
Technological Revolution, Transhumanism, and Social Deliberation
Authors: Cuevas-Badallo Ana , Labrador-Montero Daniel
Published: December 2018

The aim of this chapter is to show some of the assumptions that lie behind transhumanism. The concept of enhancement is analyzed. While, from transhumanism, human welfare depends on the enhancement of human capabilities, here it shall be argued that to begin with, a social debate over what is considered welfare is needed before we can establish what we wish to improve (enhance). This reflection must emphasize the necessity to reflect, ex ante, on what kind of technological development we want, viewing technology as a means to attain the agreed-upon type of welfare, rather than a goal in itself. On the basis of a socially open debate with an anticipatory perspective, society as a whole can establish which risks it is willing to take.
Racing Ahead With Innovation
Authors: Roodt Jan Hendrik
Published: December 2018

Massive societal change will result from the rate of continuous technology advancement and the pace will increase. The enterprise will face operational and technical challenges and society will increasingly expect the highest ethical conduct. What strategy will allow the organization to remain innovative and thrive in these circumstances? To develop new insight, anticipatory skills, and better decision making, a case is made for the adoption of model building and simulation. In addition to the benefits of shared conceptual artefacts for communicating in the enterprise, modelling requires a deep understanding of the ethics and reflexivity needed to deal with complex issues and using a transdisciplinary framework for inquiry may increase understanding. For innovation to emerge, participatory and co-creative approaches for sense-making are proposed to shift the responsibility for ethical decisions to more actors in the enterprise. This approach allows leaders to engage with the informal coalitions in the enterprise and shape the required strategic direction.
To Mine or Not to Mine?
Authors: Bonilla Jesus Pedro Zamora , Centuori Simone
Published: December 2018

Social studies of science have flourished within the last decades, making use of numerous intellectual tools from a high variety of academic fields in the social sciences and the humanities (sociology, anthropology, cultural studies, etc.). Game theory, however, has been one tool that has not been put to use too often, in spite of the obvious importance of strategic considerations in the negotiations between the relevant actors in research episodes. In this chapter, the authors illustrate the use of game-theoretical concepts and techniques with the analysis of a nascent research field: asteroid mining.
Antecedents of Behavioral Intention Towards Sustainable Tourism Destination
Authors: Choshaly Sahar Hosseinikhah , Mirabolghasemi Marva
Published: December 2018

Tourism is one of the most important aspects for the development of the service sector and today is indeed an activity of considerable global economic importance. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the factors of environmental attitude, motivation, word-of-mouth, belief, and familiarity to predict the tourists' intention to select sustainable tourist destination in Isfahan province, which is one of the tourist attractions in Iran. This chapter is one of the first to develop and empirically test a model in the context of sustainable tourist destination in Iran using variables such as belief and familiarity.The respondents include 150 local tourists at different tourism locations in Isfahan state. This study uses a non-probability convenience sampling approach. Data is analyzed using SPSS and smart PLS software. The results indicate that the most influential factors that affect sustainable tourism destination in this case study are familiarity, environmental attitude, and motivation.
Nation Branding and Tourism Development in Nigeria
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C.
Published: December 2018

The Nigerian image crisis is a colossal problem that has caught the attention of successive Nigerian governments since independence. Since the country's return to democratic rule in 1999, various nation-branding campaigns have been initiated by the Nigerian administration to redress the situation. Some of these campaigns include the “Nigerian Image Project,” the “Heart of Africa Project,” the “Rebranding Nigeria” campaign, the “Nigeria: Our Heritage Project,” and the “Fascinating Nigeria” concept, which, despite their enormous budgets and activities, have yielded only patchy fruits, leaving the country's image crisis to persist and warrant more efficacious solutions. This chapter reviews some of these nation branding initiatives examining the extent to which they have included tourism branding and development. The chapter specifically seeks answers to the following research questions: How does nation branding affect tourism? To what extent have nation branding campaigns tackled the Nigerian image crisis? and To what extent have these campaigns given attention to tourism development in Nigeria?
Civic Education and Citizen Science
Authors: Ceccaroni Luigi , Bowser Anne , Brenton Peter
Published: December 2018

The first goal of this chapter is to propose a slight re-framing of citizen science, which will contextualize the information presented in the rest of the book. The authors propose a perspective on and a definition for citizen science (which is alternative to the numerous previously documented definitions) as: “work undertaken by civic educators together with citizen communities to advance science, foster a broad scientific mentality, and/or encourage democratic engagement, which allows society to deal rationally with complex modern problems”. By explaining the rationale behind this definition, the authors also hope to raise awareness of the role that the meaning of words and phrases (semantics) plays in understanding and supporting citizen science. A second goal of this chapter is to explain how different organizations already use certain software solutions to organize knowledge about citizen science, how these systems can be classified and how they can facilitate or impede interoperability – the ability of humans and machines to pass information between each other.
A Foundation's 20-Year Experiment in Art and Civic Engagement
Authors: Phillips Frances Neff
Published: December 2018

In 1994, four family foundations in San Francisco launched a grantmaking program to support Bay Area artists by providing them with project grants for the creation of new work through collaborations with nonprofit organizations. Creative Work Fund grantees may collaborate with any kind of nonprofit organization and many choose to work in community settings. This chapter explores five projects awarded grants between 2008 and 2013. Each focused on a distinctive goal: increasing cohesion among a community of recent immigrants from Africa, exploring a city's recovery from the economic downturn and foreclosure crisis, promoting literacy and reading in a inner city school district, incorporating public art into the development of an historic waterfront, and achieving better health and mental health outcomes for women infected with HIV. Project research is based on grant proposals, reports, media coverage, and interviews with artists and their principle nonprofit partners.
Digital Community Planning
Authors: Falco Enzo
Published: December 2018

Citizen participation in planning as a decision-making and future-oriented activity is still in the hands of government. New advances in Information Communication Technologies and community informatics have allowed new forms of e-participation and e-planning to emerge. The article refers to theories of social psychology and digital rationality to support the use of ICTs and Web 2.0 in planning as means to deliver more meaningful and independent participatory processes. Moreover, it looks into different planning approaches to and theories of participation to argue and conclude that a digital community and plural planning approach may provide communities with a better setting to move up Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation. The article presents three different open source software and one proprietary software which can be used in practice by citizen groups to produce planning documents. Based on these findings, future research will explore the application of the approach and tools in an urban setting in close collaboration with grass-roots and citizens organizations.
Political Agenda
Authors: Easterday Matthew W. , Krupnikov Yanna , Fitzpatrick Colin , Barhumi Salwa , Hope Alexis
Published: December 2018

Engaged citizenship requires understanding why different ideologies lead to different policy positions. However, we know little about political perspective taking. How might we use games to teach citizens political perspective taking? This paper describes a design research project to develop a cognitive game for political perspective taking. Study 1 describes a political perspective taking measure created through expert and novice task analysis. Study 2 surveyed 187 undergraduate students and found relatively poor political perspective taking ability. Study 3 tests an educational game for political perspective taking and found that the game was engaging but did not promote learning. Study 4 describes a technical exploration testing the feasibility of a cognitive game with intelligent tutoring for scaffolding complex reasoning on political perspectives. This work argues games can teach political perspective taking using: (a) moral foundations theory, (b) fantasy environments that ask players to predict policy positions, and (c) embedded intelligent tutors.
Using Twitter in Political Campaigns
Authors: Sandoval-Almazan Rodrigo
Published: December 2018

Social media has invaded elections in Mexico. However, the power of citizens through the use of this platform is still unknown. Many citizens criticize political candidates using Twitter, others build networks and some others try to collaborate with candidates. This research is focused in understanding this kind of behavior, analyzing the case of the presidential candidate Enrique Peña Nieto (PRI) in Mexico who won the presidency with a large participation but without the support of Twitter users. After two online protests against this presidential candidate - #IamnotProletariat and #Iam132 – political image could have been undermined and voters could have thought differently. But this was not the case and despite of this, the candidate won. The challenge to understand this online protest and its link to the political campaign is addressed in this paper.
Cultivating Civic Generosity in Elementary Youth Across Glocal Cultures, Ecologies, and Generations
Authors: Liu Laura B.
Published: December 2018

This research explores cultivation of civic generosity in elementary youth as a cultural, ecological, generational practice developing global-local connections and enhanced by arts-based pedagogies, including reading, creating, and sharing children's books. In this study, 2nd grade students across two public school contexts (rural middle-income and rural low-income) reflect on learning generosity from a grandparent/parent to create a children's book presented in a public library. This study draws upon perspectives of participating elementary school teachers, administrators, and librarians to understand how the curricula and their partnerships enhanced student understanding, appreciation, and expression of generosity as a glocal civic practice.
Surveillance and Resistance
Authors: Jones David Martin
Published: December 2018

This chapter provides readers with an overview and discussion of the manner in which the Internet and social media has facilitated movements, ranging from Aryan Nations and the various European Defence Leagues, to the Global Jihadist Movement and anarchist groups. As the phenomenon of netwar and online recruitment evolved after 9/11, extremist movements motivated by illiberal and apocalyptic ideologies have found the Internet a congenial space for organization, dissemination, education and radicalization. This chapter examines the difficulty liberal political democracies have in censoring these groups and the ideas they promote. Civil rights organizations immediately condemn state electronic surveillance as an invasion of civil liberties, and present the liberal democrat with an acute moral and political dilemma. This chapter finally considers the tactics democratic states might prudently adopt in order to preserve the national interest.