bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Language Mapping of Electrocardiogram Interpretations to a Standardized Ontology
Authors: Epstein Richard H. , Jean Yuel-Kai , Dudaryk Roman , Freundlich Robert E. , Walco Jeremy P. , Mueller Dorothee A. , Banks Shawn E.
Published: October 2021

Background Interpretations of the electrocardiogram (ECG) are often prepared using software outside the electronic health record (EHR) and imported via an interface as a narrative note. Thus, natural language processing is required to create a computable representation of the findings. Challenges include misspellings, nonstandard abbreviations, jargon, and equivocation in diagnostic interpretations.

Objectives Our objective was to develop an algorithm to reliably and efficiently extract such information and map it to the standardized ECG ontology developed jointly by the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology Foundation, and the Heart Rhythm Society. The algorithm was to be designed to be easily modifiable for use with EHRs and ECG reporting systems other than the ones studied.

Methods An algorithm using natural language processing techniques was developed in structured query language to extract and map quantitative and diagnostic information from ECG narrative reports to the cardiology societies' standardized ECG ontology. The algorithm was developed using a training dataset of 43,861 ECG reports and applied to a test dataset of 46,873 reports.

Results Accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1-measure were all 100% in the test dataset for the extraction of quantitative data (e.g., PR and QTc interval, atrial and ventricular heart rate). Performances for matches in each diagnostic category in the standardized ECG ontology were all above 99% in the test dataset. The processing speed was approximately 20,000 reports per minute. We externally validated the algorithm from another institution that used a different ECG reporting system and found similar performance.

Conclusion The developed algorithm had high performance for creating a computable representation of ECG interpretations. Software and lookup tables are provided that can easily be modified for local customization and for use with other EHR and ECG reporting systems. This algorithm has utility for research and in clinical decision-support where incorporation of ECG findings is desired.
Controlling detonation waves in supersonic conductors
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: October 2021

Exploring the self-sustaining mechanism of detonation waves in expanding channels with nonuniform incoming flow
Observing the prevalence of thin current sheets downstream of Earth's bow shock
Authors: Gingell I. , Schwartz S. J. , Kucharek H. , Farrugia C. J. , Trattner K. J.
Published: October 2021

Actively reconnecting, thin current sheets have been observed both within the transition region of Earth's bow shock and far downstream into the magnetosheath. Irrespective of whether these structures arise due to shock processes or turbulent dissipation, they are expected to contribute to particle heating and acceleration within their respective regions. In order to assess the prevalence of thin current sheets in the magnetosheath, we examine shock crossings and extended magnetosheath intervals recorded by the magnetospheric multiscale mission (MMS). For each magnetosheath interval, we quantify the prevalence of current sheets in that region of space using: a one-dimensional measure of structures per unit length of observed plasma, a packing factor corresponding to the fraction of time the spacecraft are within current structures, and a three-dimensional measure requiring an estimate of the number of current sheets within an associated volume. We estimate that volume by considering the three-dimensional cone over which Alfvén and magnetoacoustic waves can propagate during each interval. Using 25 extended magnetosheath intervals observed by MMS, we perform our analysis for different locations in the magnetosheath and for different solar wind conditions. We find that the number density of current sheets is higher toward the magnetosheath flanks, that it reduces as a power law with distance from the bow shock, and that it is not strongly influenced by the properties of the upstream bow shock.
Inviscid instability of compressible exponential boundary layer flows
Authors: Zhang Y. , Oberlack M.
Published: October 2021

Based on the linearized Euler equations and the normal-mode approach, the Pridmore-Brown equation for acoustics and the stability of parallel shear flows is solved for a boundary layer flow with an exponential velocity profile. The general solution is derived in terms of the confluent Heun function, and in turn, using the boundary conditions of vanishing disturbances at infinity and zero wall-normal velocity, the boundary value problem is converted to an algebraic eigenvalue problem. Solutions to the eigenvalue problem allow a comprehensive picture of the stability of compressible boundary layers. In particular, the complex eigenvalues ω are calculated as a function of the streamwise wavenumber α and the Mach number M. We observe that with growing wavenumbers, the number of eigenvalues increases discretely. Only for M > 1, unstable modes exist, and the boundary between neutrally stable and unstable modes is defined by the transonic line ω = α to be calculated from a degenerated eigenvalue equation. For large wall distances, the eigenfunctions converge exponentially toward zero. The spatial decay rate defines an “acoustic boundary layer thickness” δa, which indicates how far outside modes are still audible. For M > 1 and large α, δa diverges exponentially, i.e., in this parameter range, modes are perceptible even far from the boundary layer. A particularly steep rise of δa is observed when M > 2. Thus, there is a wavenumber range in which ωi and δa are both large and thus generates a particularly strong noise impact. From the eigenfunction for the unstable modes, a strong increase in the amplitude of acoustic waves can be identified in the vicinity of the wall, which indicates an accumulation and saturation of energy and thereafter leads to temporal instability and sound radiation in the free stream.
Chirality-selective easily adjustable spin current from uniaxial antiferromagnets
Authors: Ouyang Chen , Wang Xuan , Li Yutong
Published: October 2021

Spin current generation and injection in antiferromagnetic heterostructures opens up new perspectives in the fields of nanoelectronics, spintronics, and quantum computation. Here, we theoretically investigate terahertz spin current in an antiferromagnet (AFM)/normal metal (NM) heterostructure generated by spin pumping. Under the framework of linear response theory, we compute the alternating spin current (ac spin current) inside the NM of the heterostructure arising from the spin pumping of a resonant terahertz magnetic field inside the AFM. An external direct current (dc) magnetic field is also applied to tune the resonance frequency of the AFM, allowing the resonance between terahertz field and AFM to be achieved more easily. In both uniaxial antiferromagnets MnF2 and Cr2O3, we find that once the driving THz field is resonant and circular polarized according to the resonance mode of the AFM, the amplitude of ac spin current is independent of the external magnetic field. On the other hand, in the biaxial antiferromagnet NiO under the same pumping conditions, such a phenomenon is not observed, which can be ascribed to the complicated nondegenerate elliptical chiral mode in biaxial AFMs. More interestingly, for both types of AFMs, we find that the ac component of the spin current increases linearly with the applied terahertz magnetic field distinct from the dc component that increases quadratically. The aforementioned features in uniaxial AFMs provide an easily tunable guideline to optimize the generation of high-frequency spin current by a given terahertz pumping source.
Contact line dynamics in curtain coating of non-Newtonian liquids
Authors: Mohammad Karim Alireza , Suszynski Wieslaw J. , Pujari Saswati , Francis Lorraine F. , Carvalho Marcio S.
Published: October 2021

The rheological characteristics of liquids play an important role in the flow near dynamic contact lines, where the deformation rates are extremely large. The liquid contact line dynamics and the free surface configuration in the curtain coating of polymer solutions were experimentally studied using visualization to determine the effect of two rheological characteristics: shear thinning and extensional thickening. The critical web speeds for heel formation, where the contact line on the moving substrate shifts upstream of the falling curtain, and air entrainment, where the contact line shifts downstream and air bubbles appear, were determined over a range of flow rates. The critical conditions were compared to the behavior observed for a Newtonian liquid. Moreover, the contact line dynamics were described by three dimensionless parameters: the Deborah number, the Ohnesorge number, and the ratio of the web speed to the liquid curtain velocity at the contact line.
Approaching the basis set limit in Gaussian-orbital-based periodic calculations with transferability: Performance of pure density functionals for simple semiconductors
Authors: Lee Joonho , Feng Xintian , Cunha Leonardo A. , Gonthier Jérôme F. , Epifanovsky Evgeny , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: October 2021

Simulating solids with quantum chemistry methods and Gaussian-type orbitals (GTOs) has been gaining popularity. Nonetheless, there are few systematic studies that assess the basis set incompleteness error (BSIE) in these GTO-based simulations over a variety of solids. In this work, we report a GTO-based implementation for solids and apply it to address the basis set convergence issue. We employ a simple strategy to generate large uncontracted (unc) GTO basis sets that we call the unc-def2-GTH sets. These basis sets exhibit systematic improvement toward the basis set limit as well as good transferability based on application to a total of 43 simple semiconductors. Most notably, we found the BSIE of unc-def2-QZVP-GTH to be smaller than 0.7 mEh per atom in total energies and 20 meV in bandgaps for all systems considered here. Using unc-def2-QZVP-GTH, we report bandgap benchmarks of a combinatorially designed meta-generalized gradient approximation (mGGA) functional, B97M-rV, and show that B97M-rV performs similarly (a root-mean-square-deviation of 1.18 eV) to other modern mGGA functionals, M06-L (1.26 eV), MN15-L (1.29 eV), and Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) (1.20 eV). This represents a clear improvement over older pure functionals such as local density approximation (1.71 eV) and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) (1.49 eV), although all these mGGAs are still far from being quantitatively accurate. We also provide several cautionary notes on the use of our uncontracted bases and on future research on GTO basis set development for solids.
Fluoride hyperaccumulation in
Authors: Abubakari Farida , Nkrumah Philip Nti , Flottmann Jonty , Alizadeh Arezu , van der Ent Antony
Published: October 2021

Members of the Australian endemic plant genus Gastrolobium (Fabaceae) naturally accumulate fluoride (F) in the form of fluoroacetate when growing on soils with very low F status. However, it is unknown how Gastrolobium species respond to higher soil F concentrations, and what the interactions are between cations (Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+) and anions (Cl−, F−, SO42−) in their leaves. In this study, we exposed G. bilobum, G. parviflorum and G. parvifolium to soils with different levels of soluble F− (as sodium fluoride solution applied to soil at 0, 1, 10, 50, 100 μg F g−1). The plants were grown for a period of 12 months before being harvested and acid- and water-extractable F in shoots analysed using ion chromatography. Gastrolobium leaves accumulated extremely high F with highest concentrations in young leaves in the highest treatment level. In G. parviflorum, the mean concentration of F in young leaves was >8000 μg g−1 for both methods of extraction, whereas G. parvifolium had 6940 and 3630 μg g−1 in young leaves for the water-soluble and acid extraction methods respectively. In young leaves of G. bilobum, the concentration of F was 1840 and 7970 μg g−1 for the water-soluble and acid extraction methods respectively. This study further revealed significant amounts of Cl− and SO42− in foliage of the studied species. Moreover, we found F− and SO42− to be positively correlated in young leaves of G. bilobum, but inversely related in its old leaves. These findings have shown for the first time the potential of Gastrolobium species to accumulate F in soils with high F concentrations, highlighting potential for applications in phytoremediation.
Citizen science implements the first intensive acoustics-based survey of insectivorous bat species across the Murray–Darling Basin of South Australia
Authors: Armstrong Kyle N. , Clarke Sylvia , Linke Aimee , Scanlon Annette , Roetman Philip , Wilson Jacqui , Hitch Alan T. , Donnellan Steven C.
Published: October 2021

Effective land management and biodiversity conservation policy relies on good records of native species occurrence and habitat association, but for many animal groups these data are inadequate. In the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), the most environmentally and economically important catchment in Australia, knowledge gaps exist on the occurrence and habitat associations of insectivorous bat species. We relied on the interest and effort of citizen scientists to assist with the most intensive insectivorous bat survey ever undertaken in the MDB region of South Australia. We used an existing network of Natural Resource Management groups to connect interested citizens and build on historical observations of bat species using a fleet of 30 Anabat Swift bat detectors. The survey effort more than doubled the number of bat occurrence records for the area in two years (3000 records; cf. 2693 records between 1890 and 2018; freely available through the Atlas of Living Australia). We used multinomial logistic regression to look at the relationship between three types of environmental covariates: flight space, nearest open water source and vegetation type. There were no differences in species richness among the environmental covariates. The records have been, and will continue to be, used to inform government land management policy, more accurately predict the impact of development proposals on bat populations, and update conservation assessments for microbat species. A social survey tool also showed that participation in the project led to positive behaviours, and planned positive behaviours, for improving bat habitat on private land.
Structural basis of rotavirus RNA chaperone displacement and RNA annealing
Authors: Bravo Jack P. K. , Bartnik Kira , Venditti Luca , Acker Julia , Gail Emma H. , Colyer Alice , Davidovich Chen , Lamb Don C. , Tuma Roman , Calabrese Antonio N. , Borodavka Alexander
Published: October 2021

Significance

Accurate RNA folding is essential for virus replication. Rotaviruses are viruses infecting humans and animals. Rotavirus genome comprises 11 distinct RNAs, and successful replication requires the incorporation of all 11 RNAs into a virion. The RNA chaperone NSP2 binds viral transcripts, regulating their interactions with each other. NSP2 must release RNAs after they base pair prior to their packaging. Using single-molecule fluorescence tools, we dissected the individual steps of the RNA chaperone activity of NSP2. Structural proteomics and cryo-EM studies of the NSP2–RNA complex revealed that NSP2 regulates RNA unfolding and the release of the RNA using its charged C-terminal region. Some aspects of the viral RNA chaperone regulation mirror the conserved autoregulation mechanisms employed by bacterial RNA chaperones.
Continuous variable responses and signal gating form kinetic bases for pulsatile insulin signaling and emergence of resistance
Authors: Shukla Namrata , Kadam Shantanu , Padinhateeri Ranjith , Kolthur-Seetharam Ullas
Published: October 2021

Significance

Evolutionarily conserved insulin signaling is central to nutrient sensing, storage, and utilization across tissues. Dysfunctional insulin signaling is associated with metabolic disorders, cancer, and aging. Hence, the pathway components have emerged as key targets for pharmacological interventions in addition to insulin administration itself. Despite this, activation–inactivation dynamics of individual components, which exert regulatory control in a physiological context, is poorly understood. Now, with our systems-based approach, we reveal kinetic parameters, which define the flow of information through both metabolic and growth-factor arms and thus determine signaling architecture. We also provide a kinetic basis for 1) the advantage of pulsatile-fasted insulin signaling that enables fed-insulin response and 2) the detrimental impact of repeat fed-insulin inputs that causes resistance.
High-risk human papillomavirus-18 uses an mRNA sequence to synthesize oncoprotein E6 in tumors
Authors: García Alejandra , Maldonado Giovanna , González José L. , Svitkin Yuri , Cantú David , García-Carrancá Alejandro , Sonenberg Nahum , Hernández Greco
Published: October 2021

Significance

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women for both incidence and mortality worldwide. The causal agent is a group of viruses termed high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Viral types 16 and 18 cause ∼70% of this burden disease. HPV E6 is a potent oncoprotein that plays a central role in carcinogenesis, but its synthesis remains poorly understood at the level of mRNA translation. We discovered that in cervical tumors, mRNAs possessing 5′ UTRs of 0 to 5 nucleotides and harboring the motif ACC

aug

GCGCG(C/A)UUU control E6 mRNA translation. This process is highly dependent on eIF4E and eIF4AI, two translation factors linking translation and cancer. We suggest the use of drugs targeting these factors as antineoplasic compounds for HPV-caused cancers.
Interventional real-time optical imaging guidance for complete tumor ablation
Authors: Kan Xuefeng , Zhang Feng , Zhou Guanhui , Ji Hongxiu , Monsky Wayne , Ingraham Christopher , Zheng Chuansheng , Yang Xiaoming
Published: October 2021

Significance

We present an interventional optical imaging–guided oncologic technique. This interventional oncologic technique can differentiate, in vivo, the three definitive zones of tumor and tumor margin as well as normal surrounding liver, which enables differentiation of residual viable tumors from ablated nonviable tumors and thereby pretermit the intraprocedural real-time guidance for complete tumor eradication during a single interventional ablation session. This innovation should revolutionize the current ablation technology, leading to a significant advancement in the complete treatment of larger or irregular malignant lesions not only in the liver but also in other solid organs.
Voltage cycling process for the electroconversion of biomass-derived polyols
Authors: Kim Dohyung , Zhou Chengshuang , Zhang Miao , Cargnello Matteo
Published: October 2021

Significance

Facilitating electrochemical reactions on heterogeneous surfaces is key to achieving sustainability through renewable electricity-based production of fuels and chemicals. With prior efforts focused on the electroconversion of small molecules (e.g., H
2
O and CO
2
), advances involving complex molecules that are abundant and of high value, such as biomass-derived compounds, have been limited. This work proposes an electrochemical method, so-called potential cycling, which enables standard Pt nanoparticles to exhibit high activity for electrooxidation of biomass-derived polyols. Turnover is enhanced by orders of magnitude, overcoming the severe limitation of negligible activity exhibited by the same catalyst under typical electrochemical conditions. Moreover, the demonstration of a two-electrode system that couples polyol electrooxidation with water reduction to H
2
highlights the potential applicability of the method.
Comprehending implied meaning
Authors: Sağdıç Ayşenur
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the extent to which proficiency, length of residence, and intensity of interaction in a target language affect L2 learners’ pragmatic ability in comprehending conversational implicature and indirect speech acts. 68 participants, 38 L1 English and 30 L2 English users, completed two measures: a pragmatic listening test measuring implied meaning comprehension and a language contact profile survey identifying length of residence and intensity of L2 interaction. The standard multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between implied meaning comprehension and learners’ proficiency, length of residence, and intensity of interaction. Together, these factors explained a significant amount of the variance in learners’ overall comprehension ability, with proficiency being the strongest predictor, followed by intensity of interaction, then length of residence. Findings also showed that while it was more challenging for the less proficient learners to comprehend conversational implicature than indirect speech acts, there was no significant difference between the two types for the higher proficiency group. Further analysis of the L2 interaction types indicated a significant, moderate relationship between the time spent speaking and learners’ implied meaning comprehension. These findings offer pedagogical and methodological implications for L2 pragmatic development.
Enactingburikko
Authors: Yagi Junichi
Published: October 2021

Adopting a single case analysis, this article examines how the learning of the Japanese wordburikkois occasioned in a bilingual lunch conversation through enactments that are employed for three interactional purposes: (a) renewal of laughter, (b) vocabulary explanation (VE), and (c) demonstration of understanding. The interactional analysis is enhanced by Praat to respecify the role of prosody in enactments. I first describe howburikko, thelaughableof a humor sequence, becomes alearnablethrough a repair sequence. I then analyze a reinitiated joking sequence, where the VE recipient categorizes one of the co-participants asburikkoand escalates the categorization through multimodal enactments. I argue that this jocular mockery, occasioning a demonstration of understanding, exhibits that the learning opportunity has been taken. Furthermore, I discuss how a repair work embedded within a larger humor-oriented activity may afford resources for language learning outside of the classroom, while sacrificing progressivity for intersubjectivity. The fact that the VE recipient, after intersubjectivity has been achieved, resumes the original activity of pursuing humor through the same means employed for the explanation of the target word offers interesting implications for CA-SLA and pragmatics.
Model of a non-transferred arc cascaded-anode plasma torch: the two-temperature formulation
Authors: Zhukovskii Rodion , Chazelas Christophe , Rat Vincent , Vardelle Armelle , Molz Ron
Published: October 2021

This study presents an analysis of a three-dimensional unsteady two-temperature simulation of atmospheric pressure direct current electric arc inside a commercial cascaded-anode plasma spray torch; it coupled the arc model with the torch electrodes and used an open-source computational fluid dynamics software (code_saturne). The previously published models of plasma spray torch either deal with conventional plasma torches or assume local thermodynamic equilibrium in cascaded-anode plasma torches. The paper presents the computation of the two-temperature argon plasma properties, compares two enthalpy formulations that differ in association of the ionization part of enthalpy and finally demonstrates the influence of the radiation heat loss data by comparingthe results for two different literature sources. It is the first to compare different enthalpy formulations in the context of plasma torch and discuss the differences in terms of the enthalpy gains and losses. It also explains why an unphysical simulation artifact of electron temperature lower than the heavy species temperature can occur in simulated plasma flow. The solution, then, consists in associating the ionization part of enthalpy to electrons and selecting the appropriate source of the data of radiation heat loss. However, negligible thermal non-equilibrium persists even in the hot core of electric arc, which ensures that the heavy species are heated up by collisions with electrons. The flexibility of the open-source software allows all the necessary modifications and adjustments to achieve satisfactory simulation results. Thus, the paper could be considered as a manual for development of a plasma spray torch model.
Autocorrelation energy and aquila optimizer for MED filtering of sound signal to detect bearing defect in Francis turbine
Authors: Vashishtha Govind , Kumar Rajesh
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a method to detect the bearing defects in Francis turbine by minimal entropy deconvolution (MED) filter making use of a sound signal. As the outputs of MED are mainly influenced by the filter length hence its appropriate selection is very necessary to recover a single random pulse in case of a weak faulty signal. The optimal filter length selection is done by Aquila optimizer adaptively which uses the autocorrelation energy as its fitness function. Experimentation done on defective bearings of Francis turbine suggested that the proposed method exposes periodic impulses effectively in case of a weak faulty signal or when the fault signal is embedded within the noise or interferences from other parts of Francis turbine. The proposed fault identification method has been compared with other models of MED such as particle swarm optimization -MED and maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution. Results obtained reveals that the proposed method is superior in identifying the faulty signal embedded with heavy noise.
Highly transparent and conductive p-type CuI films by optimized solid-iodination at room temperature
Authors: Luo Shulin , Xu Jing , Gong Jianhong , You Ruisong , Wang Yong , Lin Song-Sheng , Dai Ming-Jiang , Sun Hui
Published: October 2021

p-type CuI films with optimized optoelectronic performance were synthesized by solid-phase iodination of Cu3N precursor films at room temperature. The effects of the deposition power of Cu3N precursors on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the CuI films were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction results show that all the CuI films possess a zinc-blende structure. When the deposition power of Cu3N precursors was 140 W, the CuI films present a high transmittance above 84% in the visible region, due to their smaller root-mean-square roughness values of 9.23 nm. Moreover, these films also have a low resistivity of 1.63 × 10–2 Ω·cm and a boosted figure of merit of 140.7 MΩ−1. These results are significant achievements among various p-types TCOs, confirming the promising prospects of CuI as a p-type transparent semiconductor applied in transparent electronics.
Resonant behavior of the electron component of the plasma and stratification of the positive column of a gas discharge
Authors: Golubovskii Yu , Gurkova T , Valin S
Published: October 2021

A new point of view on the appearance of S-, P- and R-striations in a positive column of inert gases is proposed, based on a dynamic analysis of the resonance properties of phase trajectories of electrons in spatially periodic fields. The area of applicability is focused on DC discharge in inert gases at low pressures. The motion of electrons associated with the gain of energy in the field E
0 up to the excitation threshold ɛ
ex and the abrupt loss of this quantum of energy leads to the appearance of a spatial scale L
0 = ɛ
ex/(eE
0). Analysis of motion in sinusoidally modulated fields shows the presence of resonant fields containing the fundamental mode L
0, which corresponds to the S-striation, and higher harmonics associated with integer and non-integer resonances. In particular, a resonant field with a period length L

P
= L
0/2 corresponds to a P-striation, and a resonant field L

R
= 2/3L
0 to an R-striation. Thus, the positive column can be viewed as a resonator containing a set of resonant fields. Like a tuning fork, it responds to a disturbance of one of the modes, in particular, by the appearance of S-, P-, or R-striations, depending on the discharge conditions. The acuity of the resonances is analyzed as a function of the detuning from the resonant fields. The spectrum of integer and non-integer resonances is given. It is shown that resonances corresponding to S-, P-, and R- striations have the highest amplitude. The dynamic and kinetic approaches to the description of striations are compared. The dynamic approach to some extent eliminates the difficulties of the kinetic theory associated with the long settling length of the solution to the Boltzmann equation, which is much larger than the length of the positive column.
Hysteresis loss reduction in self-bias FeSi/SrFe12O19 soft magnetic composites
Authors: Feng Shuangjiu , Ni Jiangli , Hu Feng , Kan Xucai , Lv Qingrong , Liu Xiansong
Published: October 2021

The magnetic field provided by magnetized SrFe12O19 particles in FeSi/SrFe12O19 composites is used to replace the applied transverse magnetic field, which successfully reduces the magnetic loss of the composites with minor reduction of permeability. This magnetic loss reduction mainly comes from the decrease in hysteresis loss, while the eddy current loss is basically unaffected. The hysteresis loss reduction in magnetized composites is believed to be due to the decrease in domain wall displacement caused by the increase in the average magnetic domain size in a DC magnetic field. This is an effective method for reducing the magnetic loss of soft magnetic composites with wide application potential, and there is no problem of increasing the cost and the volume of the magnetic cores.
Tunable spectral shift of high-order harmonic generation in atoms using a sinusoidally phase-modulated pulse
Authors: Qiao Yue , Wang Jun , Yan Yan , Song Simeng , Chen Zhou , Liu Aihua , Chen Jigen , Guo Fuming , Yang Yujun
Published: October 2021

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) from an atom illuminated by a sinusoidally phase-modulated pulse is investigated by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The spectral shift that occurs in atomic HHG can be achieved easily using our laser pulse. It is shown that the photon energy of the generated harmonics is controllable within the range of 1 eV. The shift of the frequency peak position is rooted in the asymmetry of the rising and falling parts of the laser pulse. We also show that by varying the phase parameters in the frequency domain of the laser one can adjust and control the shift in atomic harmonic spectra.
Ultra-broadband absorber based on cascaded nanodisk arrays
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Rui , Gao Xu-Feng , Zhang Shi-Jie , Hong Rui-Jin , Xu Bang-Lian , Zhang Da-Wei
Published: October 2021

An ultra-broadband perfect absorber consisting of cascaded nanodisk arrays is demonstrated by placing insulator–metal–insulator–metal nanodisks on insulator–metal film stacks. The absorber shows over 90% absorption in a wavelength range between 600 nm and 4000 nm under transverse magnetic (TM) polarization, with an average absorptivity of 91.5% and a relative absorption bandwidth of 147.8%. The analysis of the electric field and magnetic field show that the synergy of localized surface plasmons, propagating surface plasmons, and plasmonic resonant cavity modes leads to the ultra-broadband perfect absorption, which accords well with the results of impedance-matched analysis. The influences of structural parameters and different metal materials on absorption performance are discussed. Furthermore, the absorber is polarization-independent, and the absorption remains more than 90% at a wide incident angle up to 40° under TE polarization and TM polarization. The designed ultra-broadband absorber has promising prospects in photoelectric detection and imaging.
Acoustic radiation force on a rigid cylinder near rigid corner boundaries exerted by a Gaussian beam field
Authors: Chang Qin , Zang Yuchen , Lin Weijun , Su Chang , Wu Pengfei
Published: October 2021

Acoustic manipulation is one of the well-known technologies of particle control and a top research in acoustic field. Calculation of acoustic radiation force on a particle nearby boundaries is one of the critical tasks, as it approximates realistic applications. Nevertheless, it is quite difficult to solve the problem by theoretical method when the boundary conditions are intricate. In this study, we present a finite element method numerical model for the acoustic radiation force exerting on a rigid cylindrical particle immersed in fluid near a rigid corner. The effects of the boundaries on acoustic radiation force of a rigid cylinder are analyzed with particular emphasis on the non-dimensional frequency and the distance from the center of cylinder to each boundary. The results reveal that these parameters play important roles in acoustic manipulation for particle-nearby complicated rigid boundaries. This study verifies the feasibility of numerical analysis on the issue of acoustic radiation force calculation close to complex boundaries, which may provide a new idea on analyzing the acoustic particle manipulation in confined space.
High-sensitive terahertz detection by parametric up-conversion using nanosecond pulsed laser
Authors: Wang Yuye , Nie Gang , Hu Changhao , Chen Kai , Yan Chao , Wu Bin , Zhu Junfeng , Xu Degang , Yao Jianquan
Published: October 2021

A high-sensitive terahertz detector operating at room temperature was demonstrated based on parametric up-conversion. A nanosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser was used to pump the parametric up-conversion detector and the up-conversion from terahertz wave to NIR laser was realized in a lithium niobate crystal. The minimum detectable terahertz energy of 9 pJ was realized with the detection dynamic range of 54 dB, which was three orders of magnitude higher than that of commercial Golay cell. The detectable terahertz frequency range of the detection system was 0.90 Thz–1.83 THz. Besides, the effects of pump energy and effective gain length on the detection sensitivity were studied in experiment. The results showed that higher pump energy and longer effective gain length are helpful for improving the detection sensitivity of parametric up-conversion detector.
Emergent constraints on tropical atmospheric aridity—carbon feedbacks and the future of carbon sequestration
Authors: Barkhordarian Armineh , Bowman Kevin W , Cressie Noel , Jewell Jeffrey , Liu Junjie
Published: October 2021

Carbon-climate feedbacks, which amplifies or attenuates atmospheric CO2 from fossil fuel emissions, are one of the largest sources of uncertainty in climate projections. However, these feedbacks depend both on temperature and its coupling to water and energy cycles, especially in the tropics. We show that atmospheric aridity—quantified as vapor pressure deficit (VPD)—is a good proxy for this coupling. Tropical VPD is strongly correlated to the global CO2 growth rate (CGR) with observed present-day sensitivities of −2.5 ± 0.4 GtC mb−1 yr−1. The sensitivity of CGR to tropical VPD interannual variability has increased by a factor of 1.7 ± 0.3 in the 21st century. A combination of causality and statistical analysis point to mechanistic moisture drivers of the VPD–CGR sensitivities, independent of temperature. Observational records provide evidence that tropical atmospheric aridity is linked to both water deficit and spatially correlated with evaporative fraction suggesting that CGR variability is indirectly driven by land—atmosphere coupling (compound soil and atmospheric drought). This coupling is manifest as a kind of carbon-climate feedback in CMIP6 Earth System Models where long–term increases in tropical VPD reduce tropical carbon storage but with a substantial inter-model range [−1.4 to −59.4 GtC mb−1]. However, by employing a hierarchical emergent constraint, the best estimate of atmospheric aridity—carbon cycle feedback (φ

TL
) is

−
19
 
±

10 GtC mb−1, which is 28% lower than model estimates with an uncertainty reduction of 50%. Our results bridge the role of moisture and land–atmosphere coupling on net carbon variability to the vulnerability of carbon storage in a changing climate.
Aeroelastic flutter analysis of functionally graded spinning cylindrical shells reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets in supersonic flow
Authors: Majidi-Mozafari Kazem , Bahaadini Reza , Saidi Ali Reza
Published: October 2021

Aeroelastic analysis of functionally graded spinning cylindrical shells reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets in supersonic flow is studied. Multilayer functionally graded graphene platelets reinforced composite cylindrical shell based on the first-order shear deformation theory are examined. The supersonic flow is modeled through the use of first order piston theory. The effective Young’s modulus, mass density and Poisson’s ratio of nanocomposites are calculated based on the modified Halpin-Tsai model and rule of mixture. The coupled governing equations of motion and associated boundary conditions are developed by applying extended Hamilton principle. Galerkin technique is utilized to convert the coupled equations of motion to a general eigenvalue problem. In this investigation, four graphene platelets distribution patterns through the thickness of shell, i.e., UD, FG-

Λ
,

FG- X and FG-O are considered. The effects of weight fraction, distribution patterns, number of layers, aspect ratio and spinning velocity on the flutter boundary are expressed. The results point out that the larger surface area related to more distributing graphene platelets near the inner and outer surfaces of the cylindrical shell predicts the most effective reinforcing effect. Furthermore, to improve significantly the stiffness of cylindrical shell, a small amount of extra graphene nanoplatelets as reinforcing nanofillers is an efficient way.
Explicit construction of joint multipoint statistics in complex systems
Authors: Friedrich J , Peinke J , Pumir A , Grauer R
Published: October 2021

Complex systems often involve random fluctuations for which self-similar properties in space and time play an important role. Fractional Brownian motions, characterized by a single scaling exponent, the Hurst exponent H, provide a convenient tool to construct synthetic signals that capture the statistical properties of many processes in the physical sciences and beyond. However, in certain strongly interacting systems, e.g., turbulent flows, stock market indices, or cardiac interbeats, multiscale interactions lead to significant deviations from self-similarity and may therefore require a more elaborate description. In the context of turbulence, the Kolmogorov–Oboukhov model (K62) describes anomalous scaling, albeit explicit constructions of a turbulent signal by this model are not available yet. Here, we derive an explicit formula for the joint multipoint probability density function of a multifractal field. To this end, we consider a scale mixture of fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes and introduce a fluctuating length scale in the corresponding covariance function. In deriving the complete statistical properties of the field, we are able to systematically model synthetic multifractal phenomena. We conclude by giving a brief outlook on potential applications which range from specific tailoring or stochastic interpolation of wind fields to the modeling of financial data or non-Gaussian features in geophysical or geospatial settings.
Memristive-based in-memory computing: from device to large-scale CMOS integration
Authors: Perez-Bosch Quesada E , Perez E , Mahadevaiah M Kalishettyhalli , Wenger C
Published: October 2021

With the rapid emergence of in-memory computing systems based on memristive technology, the integration of such memory devices in large-scale architectures is one of the main aspects to tackle. In this work we present a study of HfO
2-based memristive devices for their integration in large-scale CMOS systems, namely 200 mm wafers. The DC characteristics of single metal–insulator–metal devices are analyzed taking under consideration device-to-device variabilities and switching properties. Furthermore, the distribution of the leakage current levels in the pristine state of the samples are analyzed and correlated to the amount of formingless memristors found among the measured devices. Finally, the obtained results are fitted into a physic-based compact model that enables their integration into larger-scale simulation environments.
Radial regular and rupture solutions for a PDE problem with gradient term and two parameters
Authors: Ghergu Marius , Miyamoto Yasuhito
Published: October 2021

We investigate radial solutions for the problem
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartLayout Enlarged left-brace 1st Row 1st Column minus normal upper Delta upper U equals StartFraction lamda plus delta StartAbsoluteValue nabla upper U EndAbsoluteValue squared Over 1 minus upper U EndFraction comma upper U greater-than 0 2nd Column a m p semicolon in upper B comma 2nd Row 1st Column upper U equals 0 2nd Column a m p semicolon on partial-differential upper B comma EndLayout">

{

−
Δ
U
=

λ
+
δ

|

∇
U

|

2

1
−
U

,

U
>
0

a
m
p
;
in
 
B
,

U
=
0

a
m
p
;
on
 
∂
B
,

\begin {cases} \displaystyle -\Delta U=\frac {\lambda +\delta |\nabla U|^2}{1-U},\; U>0 & \text {in}\ B,\\ U=0 & \text {on}\ \partial B, \end {cases}

\]
where

B
⊂

R

N

B\subset \mathbb {R}^N

(
N
≥
2
)

(N\geq 2)

denotes the open unit ball and

λ
,
δ
>
0

\lambda , \delta >0

are real numbers. Two classes of solutions are considered in this work: (i) regular solutions, which satisfy

0
>
U
>
1

0>U>1

in

B
B

, and (ii) rupture solutions, which satisfy

U
(
0
)
=
1

U(0)=1

, and thus make the equation singular at the origin. Bifurcation with respect to parameter

λ
>
0

\lambda >0

is also discussed.
L-bodies are RNA–protein condensates driving RNA localization in Xenopus oocytes
Authors: Neil Christopher R. , Jeschonek Samantha P. , Cabral Sarah E. , O’Connell Liam C. , Powrie Erin A. , Otis Jessica P. , Wood Timothy R. , Mowry Kimberly L.
Published: October 2021

In Xenopus oocytes, RNAs required for proper germ layer patterning localize to the vegetal cytoplasm in RNP granules, which we have termed localization bodies (L-bodies). In this work, we find that L-bodies are large, biomolecular condensates composed of a nondynamic mRNA-containing substructure enmeshed in a dynamic protein-containing layer.
PLEKHA5, PLEKHA6, and PLEKHA7 bind to PDZD11 to target the Menkes ATPase ATP7A to the cell periphery and regulate copper homeostasis
Authors: Sluysmans Sophie , Méan Isabelle , Xiao Tong , Boukhatemi Amina , Ferreira Flavio , Jond Lionel , Mutero Annick , Chang Christopher J. , Citi Sandra
Published: October 2021

The WW-PLEKHA proteins PLEKHA5, PLEKHA6, and PLEKHA7 coordinate together with PDZD11 the anterograde traffic of the copper pump ATP7A from the trans-Golgi network to the cell periphery. WW-PLEKHAs promote PDZD11 interaction with the C-terminus of ATP7A and are required for maintaining low intracellular copper levels when cells face elevated copper.
Working: The Role of Occupational Epidemiology
Authors: Eisen Ellen A , Elser Holly , Picciotto Sally
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has redemonstrated the importance of work as a determinant of health. During the pandemic, extant disparities were accentuated as the workforce was divided into the roughly 50% who could safely work from home and those who could not. With the spotlight on work, one might wonder where all the occupational epidemiologists have gone. To answer, we point to diminished research support and more limited workplace access that have led many epidemiologists to shift away from a focus on workers toward other vulnerable populations. Here we build on the renewed interest in work as a driver of health and inequality during the pandemic to highlight contributions of occupational epidemiology to public health. We consider: 1) etiological studies of chronic disease based on employment records to define cohorts and reconstruct long-term exposure; 2) studies of hypothetical interventions that are particularly appropriate for evaluating potential regulations to reduce workplace exposures; and 3) studies of disparities that take advantage of work as a potential source of social stratification and economic opportunity. As we have learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, workplaces can become venues for public health messaging and delivering interventions to enumerated populations of adults. By starting with COVID-19 prevention policies for the workplace, we have a chance to better protect public health.
COVID-19 Knowledge Graph from semantic integration of biomedical literature and databases
Authors: Chen Chuming , Ross Karen E , Gavali Sachin , Cowart Julie E , Wu Cathy H
Published: October 2021

The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rapid increase of scientific literature on this deadly disease. Extracting knowledge from biomedical literature and integrating it with relevant information from curated biological databases is essential to gain insight into COVID-19 etiology, diagnosis and treatment. We used Semantic Web technology RDF to integrate COVID-19 knowledge mined from literature by iTextMine, PubTator and SemRep with relevant biological databases and formalized the knowledge in a standardized and computable COVID-19 Knowledge Graph (KG). We published the COVID-19 KG via a SPARQL endpoint to support federated queries on the Semantic Web and developed a knowledge portal with browsing and searching interfaces. We also developed a RESTful API to support programmatic access and provided RDF dumps for download.

Availability and implementation

The COVID-19 Knowledge Graph is publicly available under CC-BY 4.0 license at https://research.bioinformatics.udel.edu/covid19kg/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Conceptus interferon gamma is essential for establishment of pregnancy in the pig
Authors: Johns Destiny N , Lucas Caroline G , Pfeiffer Caroline A , Chen Paula R , Meyer Ashley E , Perry Shelbi D , Spate Lee D , Cecil Raissa F , Fudge Melissa A , Samuel Melissa S , Spinka Christine M , Liu Hongyu , Lucy Matthew C , Wells Kevin D , Prather Randall S , Spencer Thomas E , Geisert Rodney D
Published: October 2021

Establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in the pig is a complex process that relies on conceptus regulation of the maternal proinflammatory response to endometrial attachment. Following elongation, pig conceptuses secrete interferon gamma (IFNG) during attachment to the endometrial luminal epithelium. The objective here was to determine if conceptus production of IFNG is important for early development and establishment of pregnancy. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer technologies were used to create an IFNG loss-of-function study in pigs. Wild-type (IFNG+/+) and null (IFNG−/−) fibroblast cells were used to create embryos through somatic cell nuclear transfer. IFNG expression was not detected in IFNG−/− conceptuses on either day 15 or day 17 of pregnancy. Ablation of conceptus IFNG production resulted in the reduction of stromal CD3+ and mast cells, which localized to the site of conceptus attachment on day 15. The uteri of recipients with IFNG−/− conceptuses were inflamed, hyperemic and there was an abundance of erythrocytes in the uterine lumen associated with the degenerating conceptuses. The endometrial stromal extracellular matrix was altered in the IFNG−/− embryo pregnancies and there was an increased endometrial mRNA levels for collagen XVII (COL17A1), matrilin 1 (MATN1), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3), which are involved with repair and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. These results indicate conceptus IFNG production is essential in modulating the endometrial proinflammatory response for conceptus attachment and survival in pigs.