bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperative integration between HEDGEHOG-GLI signalling and other oncogenic pathways: implications for cancer therapy
Authors: Pandolfi Silvia , Stecca Barbara
Published: February 2015

The HEDGEHOG-GLI (HH-GLI) signalling is a key pathway critical in embryonic development, stem cell biology and tissue homeostasis. In recent years, aberrant activation of HH-GLI signalling has been linked to several types of cancer, including those of the skin, brain, lungs, prostate, gastrointestinal tract and blood. HH-GLI signalling is initiated by binding of HH ligands to the transmembrane receptor PATCHED and is mediated by transcriptional effectors that belong to the GLI family, whose activity is finely tuned by a number of molecular interactions and post-translation modifications. Several reports suggest that the activity of the GLI proteins is regulated by several proliferative and oncogenic inputs, in addition or independent of upstream HH signalling. The identification of this complex crosstalk and the understanding of how the major oncogenic signalling pathways interact in cancer is a crucial step towards the establishment of efficient targeted combinatorial treatments. Here we review recent findings on the cooperative integration of HH-GLI signalling with the major oncogenic inputs and we discuss how these cues modulate the activity of the GLI proteins in cancer. We then summarise the latest advances on SMO and GLI inhibitors and alternative approaches to attenuate HH signalling through rational combinatorial therapies.
Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Frequency of Hospital Room Contamination and Survival on Various Inoculated Surfaces
Authors: Weber David J. , Rutala William A. , Kanamori Hajime , Gergen Maria F. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E.
Published: February 2015

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) only contaminated the environmental surfaces of rooms housing CRE colonized/infected patients infrequently (8.4%) and at low levels (average, 5.1 colony-forming units [CFU]/120 cm2 per contaminated surface). Three species of CRE (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Escherichia) survived poorly (>85% die-off in 24 hours) when ~2 log10 CFU were inoculated onto 5 different environmental surfaces.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–4
Determining the relative stability of leading-edge vortices on nominally two-dimensional flapping profiles
Authors: Wong Jaime G. , Rival David E.
Published: February 2015

It is hypothesized that the relative stability of leading-edge vortices (LEVs) on flapping profiles can be improved by moderating LEV growth through spanwise vorticity convection and vortex stretching. Moreover, it is hypothesized that the reduced frequency $k$ and profile sweep ${\it\Lambda}$ are critical in predicting relative LEV stability as determined by the aforementioned effects. These hypotheses are then confirmed experimentally with phase-averaged particle image velocimetry (PIV) and three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry. In particular, more stable LEVs are observed at higher reduced frequencies, which is argued to represent the ratio between the limiting vortex size and the rate of vorticity feeding. The introduction of profile sweep increased both relative LEV stability and spanwise vorticity transport. It is thought that spanwise vorticity transport improved LEV stability by acting as a sink for vorticity generated in the leading-edge shear layer.
Mindful by routine: Evidence from the Italian Air Force Tornado crews flying practices
Authors: Frigotto M. Laura , Zamarian Marco
Published: February 2015

Organization studies have long focused on the problem of understanding the possibility of pursuing effectiveness and resilience at the same time. An emerging perspective, reconciling mindfulness and routines, allows to address these contrasting goals: routines channel the exploratory nature of mindfulness, but they also support it by providing context to its enactment. Despite these results, available empirical evidence from mindful organizations has not helped understand how mindfulness can be supported by routines without losing its broader scope of attention. Moreover, an operational definition of mindfulness is still an open question.

In this paper, we adopt an analytical framework allowing to break down routines into their sensing and reacting components. Using evidence from the flying practices of Tornado crews in the Italian Air Force, we show that mindfulness concerns the parallel activation and re-combination of these components, allowing the rapid deployment of responses but also the continuous reassessment of the situation.
Where Did All The Baby Bottles Go? Risk Perception, Interest Groups, Media Coverage and Institutional Imperatives in Canada's Regulation of Bisphenol A
Authors: Kiss Simon
Published: February 2015

As part of a multi-year, $816 million initiative to assess the risks posed by thousands of commonly used chemicals and compounds, Canada became the first country in the world to declare that bisphenol A (BPA) was toxic and justified regulation in April 2008. The process set up to conduct this risk assessment differed from the previous Canadian experience with the regulation of hazardous substances in that it was more formal, systematic and more pluralistic with much greater participation from interest groups. This case study explores the politics and process behind this decision and argues that the government's decision went beyond what scientific evidence could justify. The decision resulted from long-term institutional factors such as the incentive structure of Canadian federalism and values embedded in legislation as well as short-term factors such as media coverage, public opinion and interest group pressure.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND TOWN-CENTRE REDEVELOPMENT IN BRITAIN, 1959–1966
Authors: SAUMAREZ SMITH OTTO
Published: February 2015

This article looks at central government's role, focusing on the parliamentary terms 1959–64 and 1964–6, in directing the way in which local authorities enacted the central area redevelopment schemes of the 1960s. The first two sections review the substantial but little-studied literature produced across the political spectrum about central area urban renewal in the period 1959–64. Section III uses the Joint Urban Planning Group, a group set up within the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, as a case-study to show how modernist approaches to redevelopment became operative within a government department. The Joint Urban Planning Group has received no attention from historians. Section IV discusses the fate of these ideas during Labour's first term after the 1964 election.
THE RAJ AND THE PARADOXES OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION: BRITISH ATTITUDES AND EXPEDIENCIES
Authors: MANDALA VIJAYA RAMADAS
Published: February 2015

This article throws light on how the issue of conservation stood in tension with imperial hunting and exploitation in colonial India. The indiscriminate slaughter of wildlife and the declining numbers of game species in nineteenth-century India gave rise to a need for conservation, but with a caveat. Wildlife conservation, consequently, was aimed at the expansion of colonial economy and infrastructural development. Thus, in colonial India, wild predators that posed a threat to such interests were ruthlessly decimated and those animals that were useful for the smooth functioning of the British colonial rule were overlooked. This, in part, was also necessitated by the British seeking to establish their credentials as rulers, which explains the reason the colonial government's conservation programme was fundamentally selective and guided by expediency. The comparative perspective on elephants and tigers elucidates how the former were protected by the law because of the critical role they played in the colonial economy and administration, whilst the latter were ruthlessly exterminated for the threat they posed to the same. This article especially argues that the reasons for conserving elephants and decimating tigers in colonial India were more practical and economic than a mere reflection of cultural sensitivity on the part of the colonizers.
CULTURE VS.KULTUR, OR A CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS: PUBLIC INTELLECTUALS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE GREAT WAR, 1917–1918
Authors: TEMKIN MOSHIK
Published: February 2015

This article analyses the historical conditions for, and implications of, the attitudes and conduct of a number of prominent or influential public intellectuals in the United States during the Great War. It argues that many intellectuals, particularly those who supported American entry to the war, shared a general lack of concern with the realities of full-scale warfare. Their response to the war had little to do with the war itself – its political and economic causes, brutal and industrial character, and human and material costs. Rather, their positions were often based on their views of culture and philosophy, or on their visions of the post-war world. As a result, relatively few of these intellectuals fully considered the political, social, and economic context in which the catastrophe occurred. The war, to many of them, was primarily a clash of civilizations, a battle of good versus evil, civilized democracy versus barbaric savagery, progress versus backwardness, culture versus kultur. The article describes several manifestations of American intellectual approaches to the war, discusses the correlation between intellectual and general public attitudes, and concludes with some implications for thinking about the relationship between intellectuals and war in more recent American history.
SHIʿI JURISPRUDENCE, SUNNISM, AND THE TRADITIONIST THOUGHT (AKHBĀRĪ) OF MUHAMMAD AMIN ASTARABADI (D. 1626–27)
Authors: Abisaab Rula Jurdi
Published: February 2015

In the early 17th century, the Shiʿi juristic tradition experienced the first coherent refutation ofuṣūliyya, theijtihādīrationalism used by the mujtahids, at the hands of Mulla Muhammad Amin Astarabadi (d. 1626–27). The latter rejected the efforts of leading Iraqi and Syrian jurists to applyijtihād(rational legal inference), hadith categorization, anddirāya(scrutiny and stratification of accounts) in deriving Shiʿi law. The main studies on Astarabadi'sakhbārī(traditionist) movement treat it as a reaction to the “influence” of Sunnism on the mujtahids or to their excessive “borrowings” from it, and stress the traditionists’ abhorrence of assimilating any aspect of Sunnism. Underlining the shortcomings of these explanations, this article presents Astarabadi's thought as a discursive development within the Shiʿi juristic tradition, which is part of the grand Islamic tradition. Astarabadi became skeptical of the mujtahids’ epistemology and methodology and was concerned that they jeopardized God's law and hence the believer's salvation. He protested the Safavid monarchs’ legitimation ofuṣūlīlegal authority, the latter's hierarchical features, and, ultimately, the sociopolitical domination of the ʿAmili mujtahids from Jabal ʿAmil in Syria (or modern-day South Lebanon), starting with al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki (d. 1534).
PRINT CULTURE AND ITS PUBLICS: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF BOOKSTORES IN TEHRAN, 1900–1950
Authors: Marashi Afshin
Published: February 2015

This article investigates the evolution of print culture and commerce in Tehran during the first half of the 20th century. The first section examines technological changes that facilitated the commercialization of texts and then details the history of early print entrepreneurs in the Tehran bazaar. The second section examines the expansion of the book trade between the 1920s and 1940s, tracing the emergence of modern bookstores in a rapidly changing Tehran. I argue that patterns of change in print commerce between 1900 and 1950 contributed to the emergence of mass culture by midcentury. This new mass culture involved the social and political empowerment of a diversity of new reading publics in the city, and enabled the emergence of new forms of popular politics.
The “Yemen Model” as a Failure of Political Imagination
Authors: Yadav Stacey Philbrick
Published: February 2015

InThe Idea of Justice, Amartya Sen offers an interpretation of the biblical Good Samaritan according to which the Samaritan stops not because he recognizes the need of his neighbor, but because through the act of stopping he enters into a neighborly relation. Practice similarly helped to constitute neighborly relations for Yemeni activists who forged new solidarities through their experiences during the eleven-month uprising of 2011 and its aftermath. Yemeni activists across the political spectrum—from Marxists to Islamists to liberal constitutionalists—have remarked that late nights spent in the squares writing slogans, making posters, and preparing and serving meals fundamentally altered their sense of self in relation to differently situated others. Rather than articulating a single national(ist) project, however, many activists speak of solidarities made in difference, or what political philosopher Iris Marion Young described as “a relationship among separate and dissimilar actors who decide to stand together, for one another.” These solidarities resulted in new and concrete forms of activism, which the formal transitional process has severely undermined. The experiences of Yemeni activists stand as an important reminder to scholars to attend to the intersection of formal and informal in our analysis of the politics of the Arab uprisings.
‘It's our turn to play’: performance of girlhood as a collective response to gendered ageism
Authors: BARRETT ANNE E. , NAIMAN-SESSIONS MIRIAM
Published: February 2015

In our society that values men over women and youth over old age, sexism and ageism intersect to erode women's status more rapidly and severely than men's. However, limited attention is given to women's responses to their devaluation, particularly collective efforts to either resist or accommodate dominant beliefs about ageing women. We examine membership in the Red Hat Society, an international organisation for middle-aged and older women, as a response to gendered ageism. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with members (N = 52), our analysis focuses on the group's ‘performance of girlhood’, which involves adopting children's social roles, dressing up and playing. We examine its resonance with a dominant cultural metaphor for old age as ‘second childhood’, illustrating how it not only provides opportunities for resistance to gendered ageism but also contributes to its entrenchment. The behaviours constitute a performative act that resists gendered ageism by increasing ageing women's visibility and asserting their right to leisure. However, its accommodative features reproduce inequality by valuing youth over old age and depicting older women as girls engaging in frivolous activities, which can be seen as obstructing social change.
The Birth of Information in the Brain: Edgar Adrian and the Vacuum Tube
Authors: Garson Justin
Published: February 2015

Argument

As historian Henning Schmidgen notes, the scientific study of the nervous system would have been “unthinkable” without the industrialization of communication in the 1830s. Historians have investigated extensively the way nerve physiologists have borrowed concepts and tools from the field of communications, particularly regarding the nineteenth-century work of figures like Helmholtz and in the American Cold War Era. The following focuses specifically on the interwar research of the Cambridge physiologist Edgar Douglas Adrian, and on the technology that led to his Nobel-Prize-winning research, the thermionic vacuum tube. Many countries used the vacuum tube during the war for the purpose of amplifying and intercepting coded messages. These events provided a context for Adrian's evolving understanding of the nerve fiber in the 1920s. In particular, they provide the background for Adrian's transition around 1926 to describing the nerve impulse in terms of “information,” “messages,” “signals,” or even “codes,” and for translating the basic principles of the nerve, such as the all-or-none principle and adaptation, into such an “informational” context. The following also places Adrian's research in the broader context of the changing relationship between science and technology, and between physics and physiology, in the first few decades of the twentieth century.
Urban planning by obliteration of both waterways and opponents: the infilling of canals during the 1950s reconstruction of central Tokyo – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: HASEGAWA JUNICHI
Published: February 2015

The author would like to amend the incorrectly labelled segments of the scale bar he used in Figure 1 of the above article. Segments on the scale bar should read 100, 200 and 300 rather than 10, 20 and 30. The author would also like to remove from the scale bar, the ratio scale, which is reported to be 1:50,000, because this is inaccurate. The corrected figure is published on the following page.
Association between polymorphisms inIL27and risk for CHD in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Danyan , Ma Mingfu , Yang Yuyou , Wan Ling , Yang Zhixi , Lv Jing , Li Xinsheng , Yang Hao , Huang Pei , Li Lianbing
Published: February 2015

Background

IL-27, a member of the IL-12 family, has been involved in maternal tolerance to the foetus and successful pregnancy. Growing evidences indicate that IL-27 plays a crucial role in pregnancy.

Aim

We carried out the present study in order to investigate whether polymorphisms in theIL27are associated with the risk for CHDs, including atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect.

Patients and methods

We conducted this case–control study among 247 atrial septal defect patients, 150 ventricular septal defect patients, and 368 healthy controls in a Chinese population using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.

Results

Significantly increased risk for atrial septal defect (p=0.001, OR=1.490, 95% CI=1.178–1.887) and ventricular septal defect (p=0.004, OR=1.502, 95% CI=1.139–1.976) was observed to be associated with the allele G of rs153109. In a dominant model, we have also observed that increased susceptibilities for atrial septal defect (p<0.01, OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.35–2.63) and ventricular septal defect (p<0.01, OR=2.50, 95% CI=1.67–3.85) were statistically associated with rs153109; however, no association was found between CHD risk and rs17855750 in theIL27gene.

Conclusion

The 153109 of theIL27gene may be associated with the susceptibility to CHD, including atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect.
Effect of an integrated community-based package for maternal and newborn care on feeding patterns during the first 12 weeks of life: a cluster-randomized trial in a South African township
Authors: Ijumba Petrida , Doherty Tanya , Jackson Debra , Tomlinson Mark , Sanders David , Swanevelder Sonja , Persson Lars-Åke
Published: February 2015

Objective

To analyse the effect of community-based counselling on feeding patterns during the first 12 weeks after birth, and to study whether the effect differs by maternal HIV status, educational level or household wealth.

Design

Cluster-randomized trial with fifteen clusters in each arm to evaluate an integrated package providing two pregnancy and five postnatal home visits delivered by community health workers. Infant feeding data were collected using 24 h recall of nineteen food and fluid items.

Setting

A township near Durban, South Africa.

Subjects

Pregnant women (1894 intervention and 2243 control) aged 17 years or more.

Results

Twelve weeks after birth, 1629 (intervention) and 1865 (control) mother–infant pairs were available for analysis. Socio-economic conditions differed slightly across intervention groups, which were considered in the analyses. There was no effect on early initiation of breast-feeding. At 12 weeks of age the intervention doubled exclusive breast-feeding (OR=2·29; 95 % CI 1·80, 2·92), increased exclusive formula-feeding (OR=1·70; 95 % CI 1·28, 2·27), increased predominant breast-feeding (OR=1·71; 95 % CI 1·34, 2·19), decreased mixed formula-feeding (OR=0·68; 95 % CI 0·55, 0·83) and decreased mixed breast-feeding (OR=0·54; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·67). The effect on exclusive breast-feeding at 12 weeks was stronger among HIV-negative mothers than HIV-positive mothers (P=0·01), while the effect on mixed formula-feeding was significant only among HIV-positive mothers (P=0·03). The effect on exclusive feeding was not different by household wealth or maternal education levels.

Conclusions

A perinatal intervention package delivered by community health workers was effective in increasing exclusive breast-feeding, exclusive formula-feeding and decreasing mixed feeding.
Stigma as a barrier to diagnosis of lung cancer: patient and general practitioner perspectives
Authors: Scott Nicola , Crane Melanie , Lafontaine Mayanne , Seale Holly , Currow David
Published: February 2015

The prognosis for people with lung cancer may be worsened by delays in seeking medical help following the onset of symptoms. Previous research has highlighted that patients’ experiences of stigma and blame may contribute to these delays. This short report focuses on stigma as a barrier to diagnosis of lung cancer, from patient and general practitioner (GP) perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people diagnosed with lung cancer (n=20) and with GPs (n=10) in New South Wales, Australia. Participants’ experiences of blame and stigma, GPs preconceptions of lung cancer risk and the impact of anti-smoking messaging were explored. Participants reported experiencing stigma owing to a diagnosis of lung cancer. For some, the anticipation of stigma resulted in delays in seeking diagnosis and hence treatment. The sense of blame associated with a lung cancer diagnosis was also reflected in GP interviews. Successful tobacco control activities have increased societal awareness of lung cancer as smoking related and potentially contributed to the participants’ experiences of stigma. Removing blame associated with smoking is central to reducing delays in diagnosis of lung cancer.
Galaxies in 3D across the Universe
Authors: Burgarella Denis , Yamada Toru , Fazio Giovanni , Sawicki Marcin
Published: February 2015

WISH is a new space science mission concept whose primary goal is to study the first galaxies in the early universe. The primary science goal of the WISH mission is to push the high-redshift frontier beyond the epoch of reionization by utilizing its unique imaging and spectrocopic capabilities and the dedicated survey strategy. WISH will be a 1.5m telescope equipped with a 1000 arcmin2 wide-field Near-IR camera to conduct unique ultra-deep and wide-area sky imaging surveys in the wavelength range 1 - 5 μm. A spectroscopic mode (Integral-Field Unit) in the same Near-IR range and with a field of view of 0.5 - 1 arcmin and a spectral resolution R = 1000 is also planned. The difference between WISH and EUCLID in terms of wavelength range explains why the former concentrates on the reionization period while the latter focuses on the universe at z < 3. WISH and JWST feature different instantaneous fields of view and are therefore also very complementary.
The Hector Survey: integral field spectroscopy of 100,000 galaxies
Authors: Bland-Hawthorn J.
Published: February 2015

In March 2013, the Sydney–AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph (SAMI) began a major survey of 3400 galaxies at the AAT, the largest of its kind to date. At the time of writing, over a third of the targets have been observed and the scientific impact has been immediate. The Manga galaxy survey has now started at the SDSS telescope and will target an even larger sample of nearby galaxies. In Australia, the community is now gearing up to deliver a major new facility called Hector that will allow integral field spectroscopy of 100 galaxies observed simultaneously. By the close of the decade, it will be possible to obtain integral field spectroscopy of 100,000 galaxies over 3000 square degrees of sky down to r=17 (median). Many of these objects will have HI imaging from the new ASKAP radio surveys. We discuss the motivation for such a survey and the use of new cosmological simulations that are properly matched to the integral field observations. The Hector survey will open up a new and unique parameter space for galaxy evolution studies.
J-PAS : Low-resolution (R ∼ 50) spectroscopy covering 8000 deg2
Authors: López-Sanjuan C. , Cenarro A. J. , Díaz-García L. A. , Muniesa D. J. , Roman I. San , Varela J. , Viironen K. ,   the J-PAS collaboration
Published: February 2015

We present the ambitious project J-PAS, that will cover 8000 deg2 of the northern sky with 54 narrow-band (∼145Å) contiguous filters, all of them in the optical range (3700Å-9200Å). J-PAS will provide a low resolution spectra (R ∼ 50) in every pixel of the northern sky by 2020, leading to excellent photometric redshifts (0.3% uncertainty) of 100 million sources. J-PAS will permit the study of the 2D properties of nearby galaxies with unprecedented statistics. Some viable studies are the distribution of the star formation rate traced by Hα, the stellar populations gradients in elliptical galaxies up to a few effective radii, or the impact of environment in galaxy properties. In summary, J-PAS will bring a superb data set for 3D analysis in the local Universe.
Ionized gas outflows and global kinematics of low-z luminous star-forming galaxies
Authors: Arribas S. , Colina L. , Bellocchi E. , Maiolino R. , Villar-Martín M.
Published: February 2015

We have studied the kinematic properties of the ionized gas outflows and ambient interstellar medium (ISM) in a large and representative sample of local U/LIRGs (58 systems, 75 galaxies) at galactic and sub-galactic (i.e.,star-forming clumps) scales, thanks to integral field spectroscopy (IFS)-based high signal-to-noise integrated spectra. The main results have been recently presented in Arribas et al. (2014), and are briefly summarized here.
IFUs surveys, a panoramic view of galaxy evolution
Authors: Sánchez Sebastián F. ,   The CALIFA collaboration
Published: February 2015

We present here a brief summary of the currenly on-going IFU surveys of galaxies in teh Local Universe, describing their main characteristics, including their sample selections, instrumental setups, wavelength ranges, and area of the galaxies covered. Finally, we make an emphasis on the main characteristics of the CALIFA survey and the more recent results that has been recently published.
The Scaling of Star Formation: from Molecular Clouds to Galaxies
Authors: Calzetti Daniela
Published: February 2015

This is a review of the extant literature and recent work on the scaling relation(s) that link the gas content of galaxies to the measured star formation rates. A diverse array of observing techniques and underlying physical assumptions characterize the determination of these relations at different scales, that range from the tens of parsec sizes of molecular clouds to the tens of kpc sizes of whole galaxies. Different techniques and measurements, and a variety of strategies, have been used by many authors to compare the scaling relations, both within and across galaxies. Although the picture is far from final, the past decade has seen tremendous progress in this field, and more progress is expected over the next several years.
Disk Galaxies in the Magneticum Pathfinder Simulations
Authors: Remus Rhea-Silvia , Dolag Klaus , Bachmann Lisa K. , Beck Alexander M. , Burkert Andreas , Hirschmann Michaela , Teklu Adelheid
Published: February 2015

We presentMagneticum Pathfinder, a new set of hydrodynamical cosmological simulations covering a large range of cosmological scales. Among the important physical processes included in the simulations are the chemical and thermodynamical evolution of the diffuse gas as well as the evolution of stars and black holes and the corresponding feedback channels. In the high resolution boxes aimed at studies of galaxy formation and evolution, populations of both disk and spheroidal galaxies are self-consistently reproduced. These galaxy populations match the observed stellar mass function and show the same trends for disks and spheroids in the mass–size relation as observations from the SDSS. Additionally, we demonstrate that the simulated galaxies successfully reproduce the observed specific angular-momentum–mass relations for the two different morphological types of galaxies. In summary, theMagneticum Pathfindersimulations are a valuable tool for studying the assembly of cosmic and galactic structures in the universe.
S7 : Probing the physics of Seyfert Galaxies through their ENLR & HII Regions
Authors: Dopita Michael A. , Shastri Prajval , Scharwächter Julia , Kewley Lisa J. , Davies Rebecca , Sutherland Ralph , Kharb Preeti , Jose Jessy , Bhatt Harish , Ramya S. , Hampton Elise , Jin Chichuan , Banfield Julie , Zaw Ingyin , Srivastava Shweta , James Bethan
Published: February 2015

Here we present the first results from the Siding Spring Southern Seyfert Spectroscopic Snapshot Survey (S7) which aims to investigate the physics of ∼140 radio-detected southern active Galaxies with z<0.02 through Integral Field Spectroscopy using the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS). This instrument provides data cubes of the central 38×25 arc sec. of the target galaxies in the waveband 340–710nm with the unusually high resolution of R=7000 in the red (530–710nm), and R=3000 in the blue (340–560nm). These data provide the morphology, kinematics and the excitation structure of the extended narrow-line region, probe relationships with the black hole characteristics and the host galaxy, measures host galaxy abundance gradients and the determination of nuclear abundances from the HII regions. From photoionisation modelling, we may determine the shape of the ionising spectrum of the AGN, discover whether AGN metallicities differ from nuclear abundances determined from HII regions, and probe grain destruction in the vicinity of the AGN. Here we present some preliminary results and modelling of both Seyfert galaxies observed as part of the survey.
Dissecting galactic winds with the SAMI Galaxy Survey
Authors: Ho I-Ting ,   the SAMI Galaxy Survey Team
Published: February 2015

We conduct a case study on a normal star-forming galaxy (z=0.05) observed by the SAMI Galaxy Survey and demonstrate the feasibility and potential of using large integral field spectroscopic surveys to investigate the prevalence of galactic-scale outflows in the local Universe. We perform spectral decomposition to separate the different kinematic components overlapping in the line-of-sight direction that causes the skewed line profiles in the integral field data. The three kinematic components present distinctly different line ratios and kinematic properties. We model the line ratios with the shock/photoionization code mappings iv and demonstrate that the different emission line properties are caused by major galactic outflows that introduce shock excitation in addition to photoionization. These results set a benchmark of the type of analysis that can be achieved by the SAMI Galaxy Survey on large numbers of galaxies.
Abundant molecular gas and inefficient SF in intra-cluster regions of a ram pressure stripped tail
Authors: Jáchym P. , Sun M. , Combes F. , Cortese L. , Kenney J. D. P.
Published: February 2015

For the first time in any ram pressure stripped galaxy, we detect large amounts of cold molecular gas in the X-ray bright, and star forming tail of ESO 137-001 in the Norma cluster. We find very low star formation efficiency in the stripped gas, similar to values found in the outer spiral disks where however molecular gas is mostly undetected. The results were recently published in Jáchym et al. (2014).
Oxygen abundances of zCOSMOS galaxies at z ∼ 1.4 based on five lines and implications for the fundamental metallicity relation
Authors: Maier Christian , Lilly Simon J. , Ziegler Bodo L. ,   zCOSMOS team
Published: February 2015

A relation between the stellar mass M and the gas-phase metallicity Z of galaxies, the MZR, is observed up to higher redshifts. It is a matter of debate, however, if the SFR is a second parameter in the MZR. To explore this issue at z > 1, we used VLT-SINFONI near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of eight zCOSMOS galaxies at 1.3 < z < 1.4 to measure the strengths of four emission lines: Hβ, [OIII]λ5007, Hα, and [NII]λ6584, additional to [OII]λ3727 measured from VIMOS. We derive reliable O/H metallicities based on five lines, and also SFRs from extinction corrected Hα measurements. We find that the MZR of these star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 1.4 is lower than the local SDSS MZR by a factor of three to five, a larger change than reported in the literature using [NII]/Hα-based metallicities from individual and stacked spectra. Correcting N2-based O/Hs using recent results by Newman et al. (2014), also the larger FMOS sample at z ∼ 1.4 of Zahid et al. (2014) shows a similar evolution of the MZR like the zCOSMOS objects. These observations seem also in agreement with a non-evolving FMR using the physically motivated formulation of the FMR from Lilly et al. (2013).
Jansky VLA S-band view of Hα emitters (HAEs) associated with a protocluster 4C23.56 at z = 2.5
Authors: Lee Minju , Suzuki Kenta , Kohno Kotaro , Tamura Yoichi , Iono Daisuke , Hatsukade Bunyo , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Tanaka Ichi , Kodama Tadayuki , Tadaki Kenichi , Ikarashi Soh , Ueda Junko , Umehata Hideki , Saito Toshiki , Kawabe Ryohei
Published: February 2015

We present recent results on Karl Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) deep S-band (2-4 GHz) observation towards a protocluster 4C23.56 at redshift z ∼ 2.5. The protocluster 4C23.56 is known to have a significant over density (∼ 5 times) of star-burst galaxies selected to be Hα line-bright by a Subaru narrow band imaging. Now we have found 25 HAEs associated with the protocluster. These starburst HAEs are likely to become massive ellipticals at z = 0 in a cluster. Various other galaxy populations also reside in this field and the fact makes the field very unique as a tool to understand galaxy formation in a over dense region. Subsequent deep 1100-μm continuum surveys by the ASTE 10-m dish have discovered that several submillimeter bright galaxies (SMGs) coincide with HAEs, suggesting HAEs undergoing dusty starbursts. As star formation rates (SFRs) of HAEs might have been underestimated, we use radio being resistant to dust extinction. We investigate the correlation between SFR1.4 GHz and SFRHα for radio index α = 0.8 to see if the correlation holds for the sources and to check the number of dusty star forming galaxies. Our final results will allow us to evaluate quantitatively how the galaxy formation channel may be different under the condition of over-densities.
The relation between the gas, dust and total mass in edge-on spiral galaxies
Authors: Allaert Flor
Published: February 2015

Each component of a galaxy plays its own unique role in regulating the galaxy's evolution. In order to understand how galaxies form and evolve, it is therefore crucial to study the distribution and properties of each of the various components, and the links between them, both radially and vertically. The latter is only possible in edge-on systems. We present the HEROES project, which aims to investigate the 3D structure of the interstellar gas, dust, stars and dark matter in a sample of 7 massive early-type spiral galaxies based on a multi-wavelength data set including optical, NIR, FIR and radio data.
The Structure and Kinematics of the ISM in Simulated Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Baba Junichi , Morokuma-Matsui Kana , Saitoh Takayuki R.
Published: February 2015

We performed 3D N-body/hydrodynamic simulations of local and high-z (z ∼ 2) star-forming galaxies (SFGs) to investigate the structure and kinematic properties of the different ISM phases (i.e., ionized, atomic, and molecular gases). We took into account, for the first time, a fully non-equilibrium radiative cooling by solving the non-equilibrium chemistries of atoms (H, He, C and O) and molecules (H2 and CO), as well as radiative heating, star formation, heating by HII region and supernova explosions.
3D-structure of galactic disks
Authors: Chudakova Ekaterina
Published: February 2015

We suggest a new photometric method to estimate thicknesses of galactic disks which is working for the galaxies seen under arbitrary inclination. We have applied our method to 45 galaxies from the open SDSS archive and to 57 galaxies from the Spitzer Survey S4G).
The connection between shape and stellar population in early-type galaxies
Authors: D'Onofrio Mauro ,   the WINGS team
Published: February 2015

We comment on the observed connection between the shape of the photometric profiles and the stellar population content in early-type galaxies.
High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modeling of M51
Authors: De Looze Ilse , Fritz Jacopo , Baes Maarten ,   Sag-2 consortium
Published: February 2015

We present a new technique developed to model the radiative transfer (RT) effects in nearby face-on galaxies. The face-on perspective provides insight into the star-forming regions and clumpy structure, imposing the need for high-resolution 3D models to recover the asymmetric stellar and dust geometries observed in galaxies. RT modeling of the continuum emission of stars and its interaction with the embedding dust in a galaxy's interstellar medium enables a self-consistent study of the main dust heating mechanisms in galaxies. The main advantage of RT calculations is the non-local character of dust heating that can be addressed by tracing the propagation of stellar radiation through the dusty galaxy medium.
The formation and build-up of the red-sequence over the past 9 Gyr in VIPERS
Authors: Fritz Alexander ,   the VIPERS Team
Published: February 2015

We present the Luminosity Function (LF) and Colour-Magnitude Relation (CMR) using ∼45000 galaxies drawn from the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). Using different selection criteria, we define several samples of early-type galaxies and explore their impact on the evolution of the red-sequence (RS) and the effects of dust. Our results suggest a rapid build-up of the RS within a short time scale. We find a rise in the number density of early-type galaxies and a strong evolution in LF and CMR. Massive galaxies exist already 9 Gyr ago and experience an efficient quenching of their star formation at z = 1, followed by a passive evolution with only limited merging activity. In contrast, low-mass galaxies indicate a different mass assembly history and cause a slow build-up of the CMR over cosmic time.
Spatially resolved stellar populations with SAMI
Authors: Scott Nicholas ,   the SAMI team
Published: February 2015

Using data from the SAMI Galaxy Survey we measure azimuthally averaged stellar age and metallicity profiles for ∼ 500 galaxies, using both luminosity-weighted Lick indices and mass-weighted full spectral fitting. We find a weak trend for steeper (i.e. more negative) metallicity gradients in more massive galaxies, however, below stellar masses ∼ 1010.5 M⊙, the scatter in metallicity gradient increases dramatically.
Environmental dependence of galaxy formation explored by near-infrared spectroscopy of two protoclusters at z>2
Authors: Shimakawa Rhythm , Kodama Tadayuki , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Hayashi Masao , Koyama Yusei , Tanaka Ichi
Published: February 2015

Protoclusters at high redshifts are the ideal laboratories to study how the environmental dependences of galaxy properties seen in local Universe were initially set up when the progenitors of present-day early-type galaxies were in their early formation phases. We have conducted a deep near-infrared spectroscopy of Hα emitters (HAEs) associated with two protoclusters (PKS 1138–262 at z = 2.16 and USS 1558–003 at z = 2.53) with the Multi-Object Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (MOIRCS) on the Subaru telescope.

As a result, the cluster membership of 27 and 36 HAEs are newly confirmed in these two protoclusters, respectively. The inferred dynamical masses of the protocluster cores are consistent with being the typical progenitors of present-day most massive clusters (Shimakawa et al.2014a). Also, those HAEs in the protoclusters show much higher [OIII]/Hβ ratios than local star forming galaxies. It is probably caused by the combination of their much higher specific star formation rates, lower gaseous metallicities and redshift evolution of inter-stellar medium. We also find that the mass-metallicity relation in the protocluster galaxies is offset to higher metallicity compared to those of field galaxies at a given stellar mass at M∗<1011M⊙ (Shimakawa et al.2014b). This trend is compatible with the recent work (Kulas et al.2013). The mass-metallicity relation is regulated not only by star formation history hence metal production history, but also by inflow and outflow processes that are known to be very active at z > 2 (Steide et al.2010). It suggests that the higher gaseous metallicities of protocluster galaxies may be caused by those gas transfer processes that are dependent on surrounding environments.
3D Study Of Magnetic Fields In NGC 6946
Authors: Williams Anna , Heald George , Wilcots Eric , Zweibel Ellen
Published: February 2015

Recent advancements in both radio observatories and computing have opened a new regime of 3D observations. Not only do these instruments measure emission lines and radio continuum over much larger bandpasses, but they also simultaneously observe the polarized emission over the same large bandpasses with increased sensitivity. This “polarization spectrum" can be used to recover information about the 3D structure of magnetic fields in the universe. Our combined 3-20~cm observations of NGC 6946 taken with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope provide highly sensitive diagnostics of the internal depolarization across the galaxy. We use model fitting to determine likely mechanisms for depolarization in different regions of the galaxy, and glean information about the coherent and turbulent magnetic fields in NGC 6946. We produce Faraday dispersion maps that illustrate how we can probe different depths into the galaxy at different wavelengths and display new features of the line of sight magnetic field. This work is just a sample of the new 3D studies that are possible with upgraded and new radio instruments like the VLA, ATCA, and SKA.
Three-Dimensional Spectroscopy and Star Formation Histories of Field E+A Galaxies
Authors: Liu Charles T. , Wolf Marsha , Hooper Eric J. , Bather Joshua
Published: February 2015

We present the initial results of an integral field spectroscopic survey of E+A galaxies in the field, which combined with radio continuum measurements and multi-wavelength photometry and imaging provides significant insight into the dynamical and star formation histories of these transitioning post-starburst systems. We focus on the E+A galaxy known as G515 (z = 0.088), a massive merger remnant that began its star formation quenching process ∼ 1.0 Gyr ago. Its relatively young stellar population contrasts with its light profile and kinematics, which are more consistent with a slowly-rotating, early-type galaxy.
Incentivising improvements in health care delivery: a response to Adam Oliver
Authors: Doran Tim
Published: February 2015

Financial and reputational incentives are increasingly common components in strategies to performance manage the medical profession. Judging the impacts of incentives is challenging, however, and the science of framework design remains in its infancy. Oliver’s taxonomy therefore offers a useful and timely guide to the approaches that are most likely to be successful (and unsuccessful) in the field of health care. The use of incentives to date has focused on process measures and a narrow range of outcomes, a pragmatic approach that has produced some substantial quality gains within the constraints of existing health care systems. Improvement of specific technical aspects of quality may, however, have been achieved at the expense of trust, cooperation and benevolence. Deficits in these indispensible virtues will undermine any attempt to performance manage the medical and allied professions.
The role of the payment vehicle in non-market valuations of a health care service: willingness-to-pay for an ambulance helicopter service
Authors: Gyrd-Hansen Dorte
Published: February 2015

This study analyses the role of the payment vehicle when conducting non-market valuations of health care services using stated preference methods. Based on a contingent valuation study conducted in Denmark encompassing more than 3400 respondents three important conclusions are drawn. Firstly, it is found that the valuation of a publicly financed ambulance helicopter service is higher than for an identical privately financed service. Secondly, the results suggest that the public premium is likely to be partly driven by altruistic preferences, and that some citizens value access to this type of service for all. An important driver is also perceptions of quality of services across the private and public sector. Finally, it is shown that exclusion of protest bidders is problematic and may bias welfare estimates. The take home message is that it is difficult to isolate the value of a good per se, and that analysts should take care in applying the payment vehicle that is likely to be applied in real life when valuing non-market goods. There has been little awareness of the importance of choice of payment vehicle in the literature to date.
The co-originality of human rights and democracy in an international order
Authors: Schaffer Johan Karlsson
Published: February 2015

This paper analyses Jürgen Habermas’s claim that democracy and human rights are co-original and its implications for his international theory. A central argument in his theory, the co-originality thesis suggests that human rights and democracy are not only both fundamental and mutually supportive, but also ‘equi-primordial’ and internally related. Reconstructing Habermas’s argument as it has developed over two decades, I argue that his account of constitutional democracy has difficulties accounting for the enmeshment of constitutional and international human rights, while his three-tiered model of global governance, in the absence of democratic legitimation, amounts to a downgrade of the currently institutionalized practice of international human rights. Instead, I suggest that shifting the focus from ideal global institutions to actual processes of domestic contestation, through which groups appropriate and apply international legal norms in order to claim their rights, provides a plausible account of the practice of international human rights consistent with the co-originality thesis.