bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MIZEX West: Bering Sea Marginal Ice Zone Experiment
Authors: Cavalieri D. J. , Cowan A. , Gloersen P. , Grenfell T. , Josberger E. G. , Knight R. J. , Martin S. , Muench R. D. , Overland J. E. , Pease C. H. , Powell J. , Reynolds R. M. , Schumacher J. D. , Squire V. A. , Wadhams P. , Wilheit T. T.
Published: October 2011

The most thorough field study of the Bering Sea Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) attempted to date was conducted February 5–27, 1983. This study, MIZEX West, was part of a larger program addressing processes which control interactions among the atmosphere, ice, and oceans in the northern hemisphere MIZ's [Muench, 1983a]. The other part of this overall program, MIZEX East, addresses processes in the Greenland Sea MIZ [McPhee, 1983a].
Resolutions of the 18th General Assembly of IUGG
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Reproduced below are the 19 resolutions adopted at the 18th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), held in Hamburg August 15–27. The resolutions passed by each quadrennial general assembly of IUGG are an important barometer of current opinion in the geophysics community, and as such they can be a powerful tool in the development of the scientific programs to which they are addressed.

The resolutions will help advance programs, however, only if they are used. Carried back home by the national committees which make up the IUGG, the resolutions spread information worldwide on programs that promise to most effectively advance geophysical knowledge. The IUGG intends that member groups will present the resolutions before deliberative bodies and otherwise use them to make decision makers aware of international scientific thought.
Recent Ph.D.'s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman: the dissertation title, author's name, name of the degree‐granting department and institution, and month and year degree was awarded.
Back‐Arc seamounts and the SeaMARC II Seafloor Mapping System
Authors: Hussong Donald M. , Fryer Patricia
Published: October 2011

SeaMARC II is a long‐range, side‐scan sonar system which produces geometrically correct acoustic images o f the seafloor. In addition, the system has the unique capability of being able to measure the direction to a seafloor reflector. When the range and direction to a reflector are accurately determined these data can be converted to position and depth, so that bathymetry can be calculated for the ensonified swath of seafloor. Thus, the SeaMARC II system provides the acoustic equivalent of an aerial photograph of the seafloor accompanied by a high resolution bathymetric map. The system is being jointly developed by International Submarine Technology Ltd. (IST), of Redmond, Wash., and the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics (HIG), of the University of Hawaii.
Kinetic factors in geothermometry
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The application of geothermometer/geobarometer mineral assemblages as markers of temperature and pressure in geologic formations has become highly sophisticated by the inclusion of kinetic factors in analytic procedures. That a chemically complex mineral assemblage has equilibrated during its geologic history under intense conditions is a major premise in geothermometry. That the equilibrium conditions have been quenched into the phases so that composition and crystal structure may be used to reveal the temperature‐pressure‐fugacity that characterized a point—the most intense point—in an assemblage's geological history is another premise. Rarely does either premise prove entirely true, but kinetic factors, if understood, could assist in their interpretation.
Geodetic Applications of Radio Interferometry
Authors: Boucher C.
Published: October 2011

These proceedings contain the papers presented during Symposium No. 5, Geodetic Applications of Radio Interferometry, of the International Association of Geodesy General Meeting held in Tokyo, May 7–8, 1982. The symposium, organized by the IAG Special Study Group 2.51 on Radio Interferometry, had eight sessions and 3 6 papers. Radio interferometry on satellites, such as GPS, was not included because this topic had been extensively discussed during other IAG meetings, such as the Third International Symposium on Satellite Doppler Positioning held in Las Cruces, N. Mex., in February 1982.

The first session contained six papers on reference frames. K. I. Kellermann's contribution illustrated source structures and their frequency and time variations, which have significant influence for the maintenance of a celestial radio catalogue at the milliarcsecond level and for the simultaneous use of two frequencies during Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) sessions. The second paper, by K. J. Johnston and J. S. Ulvestad, was devoted too to celestial frame by comparing several radiosource catalogues. Some useful recommendations are made for future works, particularly by proposing a set of about 40 sources to be observed by all investigators.
Dissolved loads and water quality
Authors: Steele Timothy D.
Published: October 2011

The IAHS Symposium on Dissolved Loads of Rivers and Surface Water Quantity/Quality Relationships took place in Hamburg, West Germany, August 16–18, 1983, as part of the IUGG 18th General Assembly. Coconvenors, B. W. Webb of the University of Exeter, UK, and R. A. Gras of Electricity de France, delineated 3 topics: “Spatial and Temporal Variations in Dissolved Loads and Solute Concentrations,” “Solute Sources, Budgets, and Denudation,” and “Applications of Surface Water Quantity/Quality Relationships”.

From the range of field investigations discussed, it was apparent that different perspectives on the symposium title were being affected by scale and academic ideals. That is, intense and detailed studies on smaller watersheds were advocating study approaches radically different from those interested in macroscale (basinwide or global) analyses. The former become imbedded in assessing chemical processes and in formulating causal relationships for observed data. The latter tend to rely on empirical data‐analysis techniques.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 8(11), November 30, 1983, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The entire Piton de la Fournaise and Ulawun reports are included; the Kilauea and earthquake reports are excerpts. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E83—012 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Fulfillment, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
AGU Ocean Sciences Award: Robert E. Wall
Authors: Mooers Christopher N. K. , Reid Joseph L. , Brewer Peter G.
Published: October 2011

The Ocean Sciences Section of AGU recognizes the important, longstanding contributions of Robert E. Wall. Bob is rapidly approaching 20 years of dedicated and selfless service to the administration and promotion of ocean sciences within the federal government. He began his professional career as a staff scientist for marine geology and geophysics in the Office of Naval Research in the mid 1960s. In 1970 he moved to the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a program manager for marine geology and geophysics. In 1975, he was promoted to Head, Oceanography Section; Bob is now Head, Ocean Sciences Research Section.
AGU membership applications
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary section affiliation.

Henry D. I. Abarbanel (O), Julia C. Allen (H), Gwendolyn L. Anson (GP), Andrew Bakun (O), C. A. Bengtson (T), Patricia A. Berge (S), Peter R. Betzer (O), Pierre Boivin (V), Michael V. Capobianco (P), Martin C. Chapman (S), Chu‐Yung Chen (V), Timothy J. Clarke (S), Steven C. Constable (GP), Michele Dermer (H), G. M. Dow (T), Carl E. Draper (G), Dean A. Dunn (O), I. B. Everingham (S).
The potential of satellite‐based radar altimeters
Authors: Mooers C. N. K. , Barrick D. E. , Cheney R. E. , Lame D. B. , Marsh J. G.
Published: October 2011

Seasat is the only dedicated, multisensor oceanographic satellite to have ever flown. Although the mission lasted for only 3 months in 1978, it returned an enormous harvest of unique and valuable data that are still in the early stages o f analysis. Its sensor complement included a scatterometer for surface winds, a passive microwave radiometer for sea surface thermal measurements, a synthetic aperture radar system for ocean surface imaging, and the radar altimeter. The altimeter provides information on significant wave height, surface wind speed, and above all, the topography of the sea surface. This topography is of prime interest to ocean circulation studies because its horizontal gradient, after removal of the geoidal signal, is proportional to the surface geostrophic current, the principal circulation component.
Lagrangian studies of deep ocean currents
Authors: Rossby T.
Published: October 2011

It is now more than 10 years since the first experiment using subsurface drifters (so‐called Sofar floats) took place in the Mid‐Ocean Dynamics Experiment (Mode). Since then they have been applied in a series of exploratory studies culminating in the Polymode Local Dynamics Experiment (LDE), and more recently along 55°W in a study of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre in a region well removed from the dynamics of western boundary regions. These neutrally buoyant instruments, which can be ballasted to drift with the waters at pressures up to 2000 dbars (meters), are tracked acoustically over long periods of time (months to years). Conceptually the floats may be thought of as large molecules, fluid parcels whose pathways and speeds are explicitly known. The structure of their trajectories often yields surprisingly detailed information on the horizontal structure of the velocity field. When used in clusters they can tell us much about the mean field and the dispersive properties of the region. This article provides a brief retrospective o f what we have learned in the 10 years since their first application in Mode. We begin with a brief descripion of the Sofar float technology.
Upcoming hearings
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearings have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121.

March 7, March 13, March 14: Clean Air Act (P.L. 95‐95) amendments (S.768) markup by the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. Dirksen Building, Room SD‐406, 10 A.M.
New solar systems?
Authors: Reichhardt Tony
Published: October 2011

A team of astronomers from UCLA, Cornell University, and the University of Hawaii have discovered what may be two new planetary systems aborning around young stars in the constellations Taurus and Monoceros. The team's ground‐based infrared observations of HL Tau and R Mon reveal features similar to those seen around Vega and Fomalhaut last year by NASA's Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS)—disks of very fine dust particles extending outward from a central star. If current theories about solar system formation are correct, then those disks most likely represent an early evolutionary step in the formation of planets.

Using the technique of speckle interferometry to counter the effects of atmospheric distortion, Steven Beckwith of Cornell, Benjamin Zuckerman of UCLA, Melvin Dyck of the University of Hawaii, and Cornell graduate student Michael Skrutskie were able to make the observations using telescopes on Mauna Kea in Hawaii and Kitt Peak in Arizona. What they saw in both cases was short‐wavelength infrared starlight being scattered by dust particles surrounding the star. In the case of HL Tau, the dusty “cloud” appears to extend out about 160 Astronomical Units from the star (4 times as wide as our solar system) in the east‐west direction, but only half that far in the north‐south direction. The explanation, according to Beckwith, is that “we're looking at a tilted disk rather than an oblate spheroid.” The cloud, in other words, is neither exactly edge‐on nor face‐on as seen from earth.
Magnetospheric plasma
Authors: Dowden R. L. , Fraser B. J.
Published: October 2011

The aim of the Chapman Conference on Waves in Magnetospheric Plasmas, February 7–11, 1983, in Hawaii was to bring together investigators of magnetospheric plasma waves having frequencies from VLF whistlers and emissions down through ELF and ULF to Pc5 long period pulsations. The emphasis was on the physics and techniques underlying the entire frequency range. Topics solicited included nonlinear electron and ion cyclotron wave growth; wave‐wave interactions, such as VLF‐Pcl (0.2–5 Hz), VLF‐VLF, and various ULF‐VLF; wave‐particle interactions; free‐energy sources for waves; harmonic generation; the role of heavy ions in wave generation and propagation; artificial wave generation such as Siple transmissions, electrojet modulation, and power line radiation; and wave and spectrum analysis techniques.
New marine community
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

While exploring the West Florida Escarpment, a steep slope in the Gulf of Mexico several hundred kilometers off the Florida coast, the deep submergence research vessel Alvin chanced upon a well‐developed community of marine life akin to that found 7 years ago in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

According to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, which operates the submersible and its new tender, the Atlantis II (Eos, November 1, 1983, p. 619), the marine community contains large clams, mussels, crabs, fish, and tube worms like those found at hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific. While the east Pacific communities exist at spreading centers, the newly discovered group, which may stretch for almost 2 km at a depth of roughly 3200 km, lies in a passive continental margin. Also, whereas the water around the Pacific hydrothermal vents is much warmer than the surrounding seawater, the water around the new found community is apparently the same temperature as the ambient waters.
Symposium on vertical motion
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A Symposium on Vertical Motion in the Equatorial Upper Ocean and Its Effects Upon Living Resources and the Atmosphere is to be held May 6–10, 1985, in Paris, France. This multidisciplinary international symposium will address vertical motion in the equatorial upper ocean by bringing together leading researchers in oceanography, meteorology, and fisheries. Papers are invited within the following topics: (1) generation, maintenance, and dissipation mechanisms of vertical motion; (2) relationship between changes in vertical motion and upper ocean heat content, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric planetary boundary layer variations; (3) instrumentation, observational techniques, and data analysis methods; (4) relationship between vertical motion and nutrient enrichment, biological productivity, and fisheries yield; (5) coastal upwelling in low‐latitude regions; (6) the role of vertical motion in the 1982–1983 El Niño Southern Oscillation event; and (7) the relationship between vertical motion and the distribution of chemical properties.
Giacobini‐Zinner re‐sighted
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Comet Giacobini‐Zinner, which will be the target of close‐up investigation by a NASA spacecraft next year, has been sighted for the first time since 1979 by a team of astronomers at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona. The comet was photographed with the 395 cm Mayall Telescope on April 3 by‐George Will and Michael Belton of Kitt Peak and Stanislaus Djorgovski and Hyron Spinrad of the University of California at Berkeley. The earlier than usual sighting and the closeness of the comet to its predicted location (within 4 arc seconds) will help in planning the September 1985 rendezvous by the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) spacecraft.

Giacobini‐Zinner is a well‐known comet with an orbital period of 6.5 years, but its motion can be erratic due to outgassing of material from the nucleus. For that reason, John Brandt of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, comet scientist for the ICE mission, was “ecstatic” that the comet was resighted so close to its expected position. Mission planners now can proceed with the knowledge that they have a wide margin of propellant for adjusting the spacecraft trajectory prior to the comet encounter. The International Halley Watch, a coordinaed observing network of ground‐based telescopes, will devote time to tracking the comet's path around the time of closest spacecraft approach.
Carbon Dioxide Review: 1982
Authors: Kondratyev K. Ya.
Published: October 2011

A series of publications appeared in 1982 on climatic implications of increases in CO2 concentration. Analyzing the status of numerical modeling of CO2 impact on climate, M. Schlesinger (Oregon State University) has compiled a summary of 66 models, which is, nevertheless, quite inadequate, since Soviet studies as well as some other investigations have not been considered. All these studies show that the recently growing interest in the problem of anthropogenic effects on climate is far from abating, which is quite natural in view of the enormous practical implications of the climate change problem.

Since no climatic consequences of CO2 increase have been observed so far, the major way of studying this effect has been numerical simulation of varying complexity, aimed first at an approximate assessment of possible changes in mean global climate (characterized by air surface temperature), and then in zonal and regional climates considered in sophisticated three‐dimensional models. Though the estimates of mean global climate warming, on the assumption of a doubled CO2 concentration, vary widely, most of the experts believe that the value 3±1.5°C is most likely. However, this conclusion is inconsistent with the results of studies carried out by R.E. Newell and T.G. Dopplick and by S.B. Idso. Their results show that mean global warming should be about an order of magnitude less. However, their work has been severly criticized and considered erroneous (odd that obviously overestimated values of CO2 warming have not been so radically criticized).
Frontiers of Hydraulic Engineering
Authors: Kazmann Raphael G.
Published: October 2011

It is an impossible task for one person to review the proceedings of a major conference that consists of 141 different papers (including 26 one‐page summaries of poster sessions). The papers are arranged into 35 technical sessions including Cohesive and Non‐Cohesive Sediment Dynamics, Cold Regions Hydraulics, Computational Hydraulics, Groundwater Quality Modeling, Mixing Processes in Stratified Environments, Probablistic Approach to Hydraulics, and Surface Water Hydrology. The subject matter of many of the papers was familiar to the writer, specifically those concerned with groundwater and the hydrology, and hydraulics, of surface water. In addition, such topics as coastal dynamics, mixing processes in stratified environments, cohesive sediment dynamics (?), sediment resuspension and transport, and the hydraulic effects of ice cover are all to found in this volume. The writer refrains from comment on these papers except to say that although some of the papers were comprehensible, his experience is not basis enough for evaluation.
Yosemite Conference
Authors: Waite J . H. , Claver C. R.
Published: October 2011

A conference on Planetary Plasma Environments: A Comparative View was held in Yosemite, Calif., January 30 to February 3, 1984. The purpose of the conference was to discuss the comparative aspects of planetary and cometary plasma systems. Major support for the conference was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Space Science and Applications. Additional sponsorship was provided by Ball Aerospace Sytems Division, TRW Space and Technology Group, the American Geophysical Union, and Stanford University.
Proposals for planetary programs
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Proposals submitted to the planetary geology and geophysics program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will be reviewed this fall. Scientists interested in being supported early in fiscal 1985 by the planetary and geophysics program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) should submit their research proposals to the agency by late August. Although the program accepts unsolicited proposals at any time, it is anticipated that proposals received by NASA by late August will be reviewed this fall by a peer review panel.

The program supports scientific investigations that contribute to the understanding of the geological and geophysical evolution of the planets, their satellites, and smaller solar system bodies (asteroids and comets). Several types of research efforts underpin the program: generation of new, basic data; analysis and synthesis of existing data; and combination of both activities. The program fosters the gathering, synthesis, and comparative study of data that will improve the understanding of planetary geological and geophysical processes, their extent, and the results of their interactions through time; the origin and evolution of the solar system; the nature of earth in comparison to other planets; and the origin and distribution of life in the universe.
1984 Spring Meeting report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Although attendance was down at the 1984 Spring Meeting, Cincinnati was found to be an ideal site to hold a convention. Final attendance was 1533 with approximately 1100 papers presented.

Changes to the 1984 Spring Meeting program and additional, late, and revised abstracts are printed below.
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The following markup and conference committees have been tentatively scheduled by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the markup or conference; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, April 17, 1984, p. 159).

August 7: Mark up legislation that would require federal Coastal Zone Management plans to be consistent with state management plans (H.R. 4589) by the House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee. Longworth Building, Room 1334, 10 A.M.
Bullard Fellowship
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A research fellowship honoring the late Sir Edward Bullard has been established in his name at Churchill College in Cambridge, England.

Bullard received the AGU Maurice Ewing Medal in 1978 and the AGU Bowie Medal in 1975. His work was most recently described in Eos by Elizabeth N. Shor (Eos, February 28, 1984, p. 73). Bullard died April 3, 1980.
Map projections with freely variable aspect
Authors: Cogley J. Graham
Published: October 2011

Recent contributions to Eos [Spilhaus, 1981; McBryde, 1981; Mantyla, 1982; cf. also Ross, 1981; McBryde, 1982] have described map projections that will be valuable to oceanographers who need accurate but visually effective displays of the oceanic realm. The present article is an attempt to redress the balance in favor of students of the continents and more generally in favor of workers who need not—and in some cases should not—stipulate that parallels be horizontal straight lines. There are several very good introductions to the study of map projections [Steers, 1962; Richards and Adler, 1972; Snyder, 1982], but it remains a somewhat inaccessible subject because of confused nomenclature and classification. I shall try here to make a grasp of the outlines of the subject more attainable by using a simpler notation and in particular by generalizing the troublesome concept of “aspect.” This leads to a range of cartographic possibilities for effective portrayal of phenomena that are not regularly distributed with respect to the geographical coordinate system.
Proposed change in the AGU Bylaws
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

On May 15, 1984, the AGU Council gave initial approval to an amendment to Bylaw 11 that would remove the Membership Committee as a Standing Committee. The change was recommended by the Executive Committee for three reasons: 1. The functions of the committee as originally designed (i.e., to promote and process membership) are now handled entirely by staff. 2. The Membership Committee has functioned for the past several years as an oversight committee for the Union; as such, it is not correctly named, and all of the proposed activities can be covered by other committees. 3. If there is a need for some form of committee to address membership issues in the future, it can be promptly established as a special committee.
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations m the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman
Drinking Water Supplies: Protection Through Watershed Management
Authors: Page G. William
Published: October 2011

The practice of purchasing land to protect surface water supply sources is rarely practical today. This is particularly true near urban areas. Therefore, Drinking Water Supplies attempts to provide an action‐oriented guidebook on how to develop and implement watershed management strategies to protect surface water supplies from contamination under the constraints of today's economic, legal, institutional, and political conditions. The book succeeds in providing a very clear and useful guide to the process of developing such a strategy. It should be helpful to small and moderate‐sized water supply systems and local governments interested in taking action to protect their surface water supply sources.
Quake research proposals solicited
Authors: Pfluke J. H.
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Geological Survey invites proposals for research contracts and grants under the continuing Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program. The proposed research must be directed toward the goal of identifying, evaluating, and characterizing the immediate and long‐term seismic hazard. Program objectives and tasks required to achieve those objectives are described in Proposal Information Package RFP‐1586

Written inquiries concerning this program and requests for Proposal Information Package RFP‐1586 should be addressed to Contracting Officer, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 285, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025. Proposals will be due in early February 1985. It is anticipated that funding of selected programs will start on or after October 1, 1985.
Science employment
Authors: Robb David W.
Published: October 2011

Rapid growth in private sector high‐technology companies coupled with the expected unprecedented U.S. peacetime defense buildup paint an optimistic picture for future employment in scientific and engineering fields, according to forecasts by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Between 1982 and 1987, up to nearly 750,000 new positions will be created in scientific, engineering, or technical fields, a new NSF report states. By 1987 these occupations will account for 4 million jobs, or 3.5% of the total U.S. work force. New positions in the earth sciences are predicted to increase about 2% per year.
El Chichon: Stratospheric chlorine
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Two atmospheric scientists have discovered that about 40,000 metric tons of chlorine were injected into the stratosphere during the eruption of the El Chichón volcano in Mexico in March and April 1982. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), never before had chlorine in the stratosphere been conclusively traced to volcanic sources.

The NCAR scientists who made the discovery, William G. Mankin and M.T. Coffey, said the principle source of stratospheric chlorine was previously believed to be manmade fluorocarbons from activities at the Earth's surface. The presence of natural sources of stratospheric chlorine may change the overall view of the chemistry of the ozone layer.
Valles Caldera research opportunity
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Drilling has been completed at Valles Caldera, N.M., as part of the Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP). The team reports that objectives of the drill (Eos, August 14, 1984, p. 474) were met: approximately 168 m of obsidian, several geothermal aquifers, and structural and stratigraphic information, plus widespread hydrothermal alterations, one oriented core, and a suite of geophysical logs. The well now is cased for future research and geochemical sampling.

The well was drilled to a total depth of 856 m, and an unequilibrated bottom hole tem‐perature of 160°C was reached. Core recovery is reported at better than 95%. Hydrothermal alterations include clays, calcite, quartz, pyrite, and chlorite from the volcanic colluvium down to total depth. The intensity of alteration increases with depth and/or along major fractures and faults.
Law/Science Professorship
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Columbia University has established a new professorship in law and science in its School of Law. The position, the Julius Silver Professorship in Law, Science, and Technology, is said to be the first chair of its kind at a major law school and was made possible through a gift of more than $1 million.
[Two comments on “Historic cartographic evidence for Holocene changes in the Antarctic ice cover”] Antarctic ice cover
Authors: Milton Daniel J. , Lliboutry Louis
Published: October 2011

Readers of John G. Weihaupt's “Historic Cartographic Evidence for Holocene Changes in the Antarctic Ice Cover” (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 493) may wish to consult Charles H. Hapgood, Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, Evidence of Advanced Civilization in the Ice Ages (Chilton, Radnor, Penn., 1966). The major part of this book is a presentation of the thesis that Weihaupt has independently developed: that early sixteenth century maps portray Antarctica, and in particular an ice‐free Ross Sea, and that such knowledge must have been obtained and transmitted from a remote, perhaps prehistoric, epoch. Hapgood is perhaps better known to the geophysical community for his earlier book, Earth's Shifting Crust (Pantheon, New York, 1958), which proposed that the growth of ice caps unbalances the crust so that it can, and during the Pleistocene frequently did, slide over the interior, displacing the poles several thousand kilometers.

The more conservative literature on Terra Australis of the sixteenth century cartographers is extensive; Acta Cartographica, a collection of reprinted papers on historical cartography, has over two dozen references in its indexes. A plausible hypothesis by J. Enterline (Imago Mundi, 26, pp. 48–58, 1972) is that it reflects Portugese acquisition of Indonesian knowledge of Australia, the prominent embayment (Hapgood's and Weihaupt's ice‐free Ross Sea) being the Gulf of Carpentaria. Underestimation of the size of the globe forced Australia to extend over the pole, just as it forced newly discovered America to lie close to Japan.
November streamflows
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Streamflows were above normal in much of the Mississippi River basin and the western United States during November because of runoff from heavy precipitation, but were below normal along the Eastern Seaboard, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Record high or near record high flows were reported at 22 sites in the Mississippi River basin and the western states, with flow of the Mississippi River at Vicksburg averaging the second highest for November during 56 years of records. In contrast, record low or near record low flows occurred at five sites in Florida, Kansas, Montana, and Hawaii.
First teacher in space
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has released specific requirements for its plan to include an elementary or secondary school teacher on a space shuttle flight early in 1986. Applications are available from the NASA Teacher in Space Project, Council of Chief State School Officers, 400 North Capitol St., N.W., Washington, DC 20001 and will be accepted until February 1, 1985.
Particle beams in space
Authors: Anderson H. R.
Published: October 2011

The interaction between beams of charged particles and space plasmas is under active investigation by a number of research groups around the world. In addition to the numerous programs that investigate naturally occurring beams, such as auroral streams and solar flare particles, experiments are also being conducted using beams ejected from accelerators on sounding rockets, satellites, and the space shuttle. Both electron and ion beams are used in these accelerator experiments; electrons at 1–10 keV energy and up to 1 A beam current are most common. Laboratory plasma experiments and numerical simulations are employed as well.
Climate and Development
Authors: Kellogg William W.
Published: October 2011

The apparent premise upon which this collection of reports is based is that the developing countries of the world are by and large already in deep trouble and likely to become still worse off in the future unless some solution is found. In his preface, editor Asit K. Biswas says

During the next two decades, the population of tropical countries is expected to increase by 1.5 billion, which will account for approximately 90% of the anticipated global population increase. Provision of basic human needs to these unborn generations, and improvement of the quality of life of the present underprivileged people on this earth, is a critical challenge. If past experience is any indication, it will not be easy.
Charleston earthquake
Authors: Robb David W.
Published: October 2011

Could a large earthquake, like the one that occurred near Charleston, S.C., in 1886, strike elsewhere along the eastern seaboard, or is there a geologic structure, unique to the Charleston area, that was responsible? Because of the lack of hard evidence linking eastern earthquakes to specific geologic structures or faults, the answer to that question has been the subject of much scientific debate. Because of this uncertainty, some scientists have maintained that strong earthquakes conceivably could occur anywhere along the east coast. The Charleston earthquake measured more than 7 on the Richter scale and caused at least 60 deaths and widespread damage. Among other considerations, the design of nuclear power plants is affected by how well scientists can predict the seismic potential of a given area.
Memories of (William) Maurice Ewing: The Little Boy in the Candy Shop
Authors: Donn William L.
Published: October 2011

It is a little more that 10 years since the titan of geophysics died in Texas, the state of his birth and youth. Strangely, apart from the elegant biographical tribute of Sir Edward Bullard in a Royal Society journal [Bullard, 1975], little else has been written, especiallyin his native country. Here at Lamont he is not too well remembered becausemost of those who worked closely with him are gone. Those whom he inspired directly by his enthusiasm and imagination and who formed the backbone of Lamont in its critical growing stage have moved on to key positions elsewhere.
Ozone peaks at spring equinox
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Scientists from the University of Colorado, Boulder, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have discovered that the density of ozone in the upper mesosphere triples each year at the spring equinox. The scientists used data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) satellite operated by the university.

According to authors R. J. Thomas, C. A. Barth, and S. Solomon, who reported their findings in the July 1984 Geophysical Research Letters, “Large seasonal changes occur, particularly near 80 km where ozone densities at the equinoxes are about 2–3 times those observed at the solstices… Further, the variations are highly repeatable from year to year and from hemisphere to hemisphere.”
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee that is holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202–224–3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669).

March 21: Hearing on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) budget by the Interior and Related Agencies Subcomittee of the House Appropriations Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee. Rayburn Building, Room B308, 10 A.M. and 1:30 P.M.
Satellite drifts off station
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

After more than 18 years of service, the first Applications Technology Satellite (ATS‐1) has failed to respond to commands to correct its eastward drift from geostationary position over the Gilbert Islands in the western Pacific, according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ATS‐1 provided the first transmission of full‐earth, cloud cover pictures from geosynchronous orbit, the forerunners of the hemispheric weather pictures seen on television today. The satellite also provided the first transmission of real time television pictures from the mid‐Pacific in 1967, when it relayed pictures of the Apollo 4 splashdown.
Global environmental problems
Authors: Singer S. Fred
Published: October 2011

Within the last decade, many people have become increasingly concerned with mankind's future on this planet. Aside from its profound philosophical aspects, the subject also attracts interdisciplinary scientific interest and, of course, international concern.

For all of these reasons it seemed appropriate to organize an international symposium in with the global environment from a scientific viewpoint and review the current status of a variety of issues. We focused on the interaction of the environment—atmosphere, land, water and especially ocean—with ecological resources. These resources provide us with a healthful environment to live in and with food, probably the most basic resource.
U.S. Solar‐Terrestrial Research Program
Authors: Intriligator Devrie S.
Published: October 2011

The Committee on Solar‐Terrestrial Research (CSTR) of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences is charged with looking after the health of solar‐terrestrial research in the United States. In 1984 the National Academy Press published the CSTR report “National Solar‐Terrestrial Research Program.” This program implements the recommendations of the earlier National Research Council study “Solar‐Terrestrial Research for the 1980's” (1981). The earlier study, which took over 18 months to complete and involved the participation of more than 150 scientists, specifically identified the principal scientific and management recommendations required for a balanced solar‐terrestrial program. The present study was undertaken by CSTR in the fall of 1983 in response to a request from several concerned federal agencies and the Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate. Together, the two studies constitute a set that prescribes a broad‐gaged solar‐terrestrial program.
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202–224–3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669).

April 25: Markup of legislation to reauthorize the Clean Water Act (S. 53 and S. 652) by the Environmental Pollution Subcommittee of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. Room SD‐406, Dirksen Building, 9:30 A.M.
Developments and Application of Geomorphology
Authors: Hack John T.
Published: October 2011

This book is a collection of papers that discuss some of the practical developments and uses of geomorphology during the past decade. In the words of the editors, “The papers constitute an interesting and important sample of applied geomorphology.” In the opinionof this reviewer, this statement is indeed true. The book consists of 11 papers that average 33 pages in length. The papers are well illustrated, and the citations from the literature on most of the subjects discussed are abundant and enhance the value of the book. Three of the papers deal primarily with source materials and their uses. Seven papers discuss various kinds of landscapes and geomorphic phenomena that may cause severe problems and how they can be managed or avoided. The last paper is a welcome addition that deals with the use and misuse of regression equations related to streams and stream systems.
Report on Io Workshop
Authors: Greeley Ronald
Published: October 2011

Five years after Voyager 1 and 2 encountered Jupiter's intriguing satellite Io, many geologic questions remain open. What is the composition of Io? How large a part does sulfur play in the formation of landforms? Are the flows seen on Io sulfur or silicate, and how are they emplaced? What methods can we use to find out? Finally, what can the upcoming Galileo mission to Jupiter tell us that will help answer these questions?
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearings have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts(Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669).
NRC evaluates groundwater programs
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A recent report by the National Research Council (NRC) noted that about half the people of the United States depend on wells for their drinking water, but recent tests reveal widespread contamination.

Responsibility for monitoring and protecting groundwater supplies lies largely with state governments. Federal funding of model projects under the Clean Water Act expired in 1983. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has asked the NRC to identify and evaluate ten state and local groundwater protection programs and to recommend features that may be applied in other areas. A committee, organized by the Water Science and Technology Board and chaired by Jerome B. Gilbert, general manager of the East Bay Municipal Utility District of Oakland, Calif., has undertaken the study. The report is expected to be completed in March 1986.
Future Programs in Solar‐Terrestrial Physics
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Trends in the scientific research on solarterrestrial physics—and the funding of such research—will be discussed by representatives from academia, several federal agencies, and the White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy on May 29 at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md. Eight invited speakers will address the morning‐long session, entitled “ Future Programs in Solar‐ Terrestrial Physics.”
Science Medal nominations open
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Nominations are now open for the National Medal of Technology, which is awarded periodically by the president of the United States to recognize individuals and companies who have made outstanding contributions in the promotion of U.S. technology or technological manpower.

Any U.S. citizen or company with U.S. ownership is eligible. Persons connected with administration or selection procedures for the medal will not be eligible during the period of their service or for 5 years thereafter. The number of recipients will depend on the number of deserving nominees. It is anticipated that no more than 12 medals will be awarded on any one occasion.
Explosive Volcanism: Inception, Evolution, and Hazards
Authors: Wood Charles A.
Published: October 2011

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is the most prestigious scientific organization in the United States, and its advice on scientific issues is commonly regarded as fair, balanced, and competent. Thus any report by the academy is considered to provide the framework for future research directions and funding. That is why I am disappointed and worried by the present volume on explosive volcanism. The study does not discuss many of the most important new findings or aspects of the topic, includes unrelated material, exludes authors who are widely recognized as experts, and offers lackluster recommendations. All of the articles in the volume are of scientific interest, but some are inappropriate for this special, politically important study of explosive volcanism.
Water Wave Mechanics for Engineers and Scientists
Authors: Basco David R.
Published: October 2011

This book is intended as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the physical ocean sciences and engineering. It is also offered as a reference for practicing engineers. A definite need exists for texts in water wave mechanics that bring under one cover all the important theories for both regular (periodic) wave forms and irregular (spectral) waves. This book definitely satisfies this need.
[Comment on “Solar terrestrial relations”] There is no magnetosphere... nor is there a plasmasphere!
Authors: Fraser‐Smith A. C.
Published: October 2011

In a recent note to this journal, Dessler et al. [1985] urged us to use the name “space plasma physics” instead of “solar‐terrestrial relations” for a number of good reasons. I would like to further urge the updating of certain space plasma physics terminology; not, in this case, because it may cause our discipline to become identified as being applied, nonglamorous, or dull, as suggested by Dessler et al., but because the terminology is inaccurate, which has other negative implications for our discipline.
Gravitational and magnetic field variations
Authors: Harrison Christopher G. A. , Kuala William M. , Langel Robert A.
Published: October 2011

The GRM Science Conference on regional and global variations in the gravitational and magnetic fields of the earth was held October 29‐ 31 , 1984 at the University of Maryland, College Park, under the sponsorship of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and AGU. The title of the conference (“GRM”) is derived from the Geopotential Research Mission, a satellite system proposed to determine variations in the gravitational and magnetic fields to a resolution of about 100 km.