bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Main directions and trends in the study of gender-role identity in modern psychoanalytic practice
Authors: Zhmurin Igor' Evgen'evich , Korneichik Irina Viktorovna
Published: January 2025

The paper presents a scientific study, the purpose of which is to study the psychoanalytic view of gender-role identity. The subject of the research is the consideration of the content, directions and dynamics of the psychoanalytic study of gender-role identity in scientific articles. The problem of the formation and development of gender-role identity is relevant for modern science, but Western propaganda of freedom in the perception of one's gender is aggressively imposed on children and families. Two lines of development of the problem are highlighted. The first has to do with the correction of medical regulations by social and political movements that lobby for diversity of identities. The second line is due to the intrusion of a complex socio-cultural reality into the modern family (the implementation of same-sex marriages, the erasure and mixing of family roles, the transformation of parenthood). These trends are eroding the national, cultural and social bonds of the Russian family. The study was carried out in the form of a qualitative comparative study with subsequent analysis of the titles and abstracts of articles, and the text of open access articles. The main conclusions of the work are the definition of the basic directions of psychoanalytic studies of gender-role identity: the study of basic provisions; highlighting the features of approaches to the concept; determination of the dynamics of research in comparison with gender, medical research; special topics for the study of the problem. Taking into account the relevance of the problem of gender-role identity, the practical importance of studying the intrusion of a complex socio-cultural reality into the modern Russian family (same-sex marriages, the erasure and mixing of family roles, the transformation of parenthood in the West) in order to destroy its traditions increases.
Post-combat personality changes of combat veterans
Authors: Lytkin Vladimir Mikhailovich , Zun Sergei Andreevich , Kolodin Sergei Nikolaevich , Yatmanov Aleksei Nikolaevich
Published: January 2025

The problem of post-combat personality changes in combat veterans over the past decades has become particularly important both in socio-psychological and clinical and organizational aspects. The purpose of the work: to study the features of post-combat personality changes of combat veterans. The subject of the study is personal changes of veterans of combat operations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The object of the research is scientific publications on the research topic. Special attention is paid to both the historical aspects of the study of post-combat personality changes of veterans, as well as modern ideas about personality development and views on its pathological development. The conceptual approaches to the problem of post-combat personality changes of combatants within the framework of various models of combat stress and combat post-traumatic stress disorders are considered.  Materials and methods: the literature of the RSCI citation database was analyzed (elibrary.ru ) by keyword queries: "combat veteran", "combatant", "personality changes". The analysis includes 23 papers, 87% of which were published later than 2004. The review article provides an analysis of personal changes of Russian combat veterans in clinical, descriptive and conceptual directions. Descriptions of post-traumatic personality changes in combat post-traumatic stress disorder are presented. The close interrelation of the concepts of combat stress, combat mental trauma, and combat post-traumatic stress disorders is noted. Attention is focused on the important role of the social aspect in solving the complex problem of post-combat personal changes in combatants. Taking into account modern (sometimes very controversial) ideas about personality disorders and socio-psychological characteristics of society in the context of a special military operation, the problem of post-combat personal changes of combat veterans is, in our opinion, becoming increasingly relevant, which implies further comprehensive development of this problem.
Sexual characteristics of the manifestation of social anxiety in students
Authors: Sungurova Nina L'vovna , Musina Rumiya Alievna
Published: January 2025

The relevance of this research is due to the need to study the phenomenon of social anxiety among modern students in connection with various challenges, an increasing number of adverse, stressful and traumatic life circumstances. The interest in the subject of research on the sexual characteristics of social anxiety among students is associated with insufficient empirical study of this issue, the need to develop practical recommendations aimed at developing students' personality, forming effective coping strategies, increasing the level of adaptability and mental stability of the individual. The results of the study can be used to develop programs for the prevention of social anxiety among students aimed at reducing anxiety levels, improving the quality of life, contributing to the psychological well-being of students and their successful adaptation in the social space.The purpose of the study: to identify the sexual characteristics of social anxiety of students. Methods of research: survey, methods of mathematical data processing (Mann-Whitney criterion, Spearman coefficient); "Scale of social avoidance and distress" (D. Watson, R. Friend), "Short scale of fear of negative assessment" (D. Watson, R. Friend adapted by I. V. Grigorieva, S. N. Enikolopova); "Questionnaire of social anxiety and social phobia" (O. A. Sagalakova, D. V. Truevtsev). The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the features of social anxiety of students are considered as different components of the phenomenon under study, and the understanding of sexual characteristics of manifestation is expanded. The gender differences in the peculiarities of the manifestation of social anxiety among students were revealed. Young men show more pronounced manifestations of social anxiety and social phobia. The fear of being judged or criticized increases anxiety in various life situations. Girls are prone to social avoidance and distress, and are also more prone to fear of negative evaluation from others. Young men demonstrate greater self-confidence, less sensitivity to the opinions of others. These characteristics can be associated with both the individual and personal characteristics of students, as well as with social norms and expectations regarding them. A common feature for the student audience is that experiencing the fear of negative evaluation from the social environment leads to avoiding uncomfortable situations, experiencing social distress, and avoiding social contacts in real life.
Qualidade dos serviços de um escritório de advocacia
Authors: Bemvenuti Renata Heidtmann , Maganha Murilo Roberto Jesus
Published: January 2025

A qualidade vem sendo utilizada pelas empresas como um artifício para se destacar frente a elevada competitividade. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo, identificar a qualidade percebida pelos clientes de um escritório de advocacia de médio porte do Sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa empírica quantitativa (survey), utilizando o modelo SERVPERF. O questionário abordou a caracterização da amostra de 136 clientes e a percepção da qualidade deles (21 questões). Foi utilizada uma escala likert com as dimensões: aspectos tangíveis, confiabilidade, capacidade de resposta, segurança e empatia. A estatística foi usada para estudar a relação entre as dimensões da qualidade e a qualidade percebida pelos clientes. A avaliação dos resultados referentes as dimensões analisadas mostraram que existe uma margem de melhoria para os itens: equipamentos modernos (aspectos tangíveis) e Informação sobre o processo (empatia). Com o resultado do Net Promoter Score (NPS) de 75,8%, foi demonstrado que tem uma probabilidade alta de os clientes indicarem o escritório para outras pessoas. Verifica-se ainda que existe uma correlação positiva entre todas as dimensões com a probabilidade de indicar, ou seja, à medida que uma variável (dimensão) aumenta seu valor, a outra correlacionada (probabilidade de indicar), também aumenta proporcionalmente. Este trabalho permitirá que a empresa implante melhorias a partir das oportunidades identificadas e mantenha os seus pontos fortes. Além disso, contribui para a melhoria da gestão da qualidade total e da percepção da qualidade dos serviços prestados pelo escritório.
Does azospirillum brasilense promote salt stress tolerance during the germination of soybean seeds?
Authors: Alves Júnior José Bonifácio Guimarães , Lima Juliana Joice Pereira , Costa Elaine Martins da , Rocha Luis Borges , Oliveira Ana Paula Neres
Published: January 2025

Soybean (Glycine max) requires favorable and adequate conditions to reach its maximum productive potential, as abiotic factors, particularly salinity, directly interfere with crop establishment and development. However, several resources are available on the market to protect plants during their initial development, notably the use of high-quality seeds and seed treatment with beneficial chemical or biological agents. This study aimed to evaluate the germination and initial development of soybean seeds, with and without inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense, under salt stress at different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl): 0.0, -0.3, -0.6, and -0.9 MPa. The variables analyzed were germination, germination speed index, seedling length, and seedling dry matter. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, and those showing significant differences at the 5% level were adjusted through regression analysis. Soybean seeds inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense showed better initial seedling development and tolerance to salt stress at the concentration of -0.3 MPa NaCl. However, at concentrations of -0.6 and -0.9 MPa NaCl, the seeds experienced severe osmotic and ionic stress, rendering them unable to germinate and develop in both treatments, with and without inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense.
Machine learning and biosignals in the diagnosis of autism: a systematic literature review
Authors: Nascimento Francisco Antonio , Misaghi Mehran , Freitas Francisco Erialdo Domingos , Ferreira Larissa Torres
Published: January 2025

The early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is vital for effective intervention that enhances child development and mitigates difficulties related to the disorder. Innovative technologies are increasingly at the heart of this process. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) evaluated technological advances in the diagnosis of ASD in articles from 2019 to 2023. Adopting Kitchenham's (2004) model, scientific studies in Portuguese and English from the IEEE Xplore, Periódicos Capes, ERIC, Science Direct, and BDTD databases were examined. The results show the effectiveness of techniques such as Machine Learning, especially Deep Learning algorithms, in processing voluminous data to detect patterns indicative of ASD. The use of biosignals has shown promise in the search for specific biomarkers. These technologies, integrated into health systems and clinical practices, face challenges, including data protection and ethical dilemmas. Successful adoption of these innovations promises to significantly improve support for the community impacted by ASD, requiring ongoing research to overcome current barriers.
Functional Outcome of Arthroscopic Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury using Four-strand Hamstring Tendon Graft: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kumar R Kavin , Mohan M , Rishab C , Vaasan L Sabari
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are common, particularly among athletes and can significantly affect an individual’s functional abilities and sports career. ACL reconstruction using a four-strand hamstring tendon graft has become the gold standard for restoring knee stability and function.

Aim: To assess the functional outcomes resulting from arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using a four-strand hamstring tendon graft.

Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at SRM Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, including 33 patients with Grade II and Grade III ACL tears with or without associated meniscal injuries, who underwent ACL reconstruction using a four-strand hamstring tendon graft. The study population included patients aged 20- 55 years, with follow-up assessments conducted at three and six months postoperatively. Knee function was measured using the Tegner Lysholm Knee Score, and pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0, employing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to evaluate clinical outcomes.

Results: The majority of patients, i.e., 18 (54.55%), were between 21 and 30 years of age. Most of the participants were male, 29 (87.88%). The involvement of the right knee was slightly higher, with 17 (51.52%) compared to the left knee, which had 16 (48.48%). Isolated ACL tears were diagnosed in 21 (63.64%) of the patients. The Tegner Lysholm Knee Score improved significantly from a preoperative mean of 35.97 to 71.97 at three months and 88.85 at six months (p-value<0.0001). Pain, as measured by VAS, showed a significant reduction from the second postoperative day to the six-month follow-up (p-value<0.0001).

Conclusion: ACL reconstruction using a four-strand hamstring tendon graft resulted in significant improvements in knee function and a reduction in pain within six months of surgery.
CASE REPORT ON SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AND INFERTILITY: AN AYURVEDA MANAGEMENT
Authors: Dhiman Kamini , Aggarwal Palak Nayan
Published: January 2025

To embrace parenthood has always been a desire of every couple. Inability to achieve conception and not able to play a societal responsibility to pay pitru rina bring a couple for consultation to find out a solution, although experience is fundamentally different for a woman than a man. With that apprehension visits of a female to infertility clinic are obvious. Here such a case is being presented of primary infertility with a little variance observed by adopting a changed treatment protocol with positive outcome. A female aged 23 years having married life of five years visited an infertility clinic for the complaint of eager to conceive. On further counselling and review, it was found that she was having sexual dysfunction too. Hence planned to prescribe deepana- pachana (appetizer-digestives), rasayana (Rejuvenative) medicines orally along with local therapies. Result designates that Ayurveda treatment modalities can be a ray of hope in the management of infertility if diagnosed due to sexual dysfunction too.
A SOLICITOUS INSIGHT ON CONTINUATION DISARRAY OF DUSHI VISHA AS A CONTRIBUTORY FACTOR IN GERIATRIC CANCER: A REVIEW
Authors: Savan Satodiya , Sushant Sud
Published: January 2025

As the global population ages, cancer and lifestyle-related disorders in the elderly are rising, presenting significant management challenges. Ayurveda offers valuable insights into cancer through the concept of Dushi visha, which describes the gradual accumulation of toxins that disrupt bodily functions and contribute to chronic diseases. The objectives of the review are to collect, evaluate, elaborate and discuss the Ayurvedic concepts of Dushi visha and their relevance to geriatric cancer as a lifestyle disorder and to explore the Dushi visha and evaluate effectiveness of ayurvedic treatments in cancer as a lifestyle disorder and to assess how these Ayurvedic approaches can be integrated into modern geriatric cancer care. A literature review was conducted across various databases, including PubMed and Ayurvedic research journals, to gather insights on the effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatments. Cancer, a syndrome characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, is significantly influenced by lifestyle and environmental factors, which contribute to the accumulation of Dushi visha. Aging exacerbates this issue due to the decline in organ function and increased risk of cancer. Ayurvedic treatments, including detoxification therapies and Agada formulations, offer potential benefits in managing toxicities and supporting the body's natural healing processes. These approaches can complement conventional therapies by alleviating side effects and improving overall quality of life. Ayurveda offers effective tools for managing cancer by addressing cumulative toxicity and toxin elimination. Integrating these practices into modern cancer care could improve treatment outcomes and patient well-being, showcasing the value of traditional medicine in oncology.
PRACTICAL APPROACH OF PANCHKOSHA FOR MODERN LIFESTYLE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Bhukan Govind Sudam
Published: January 2025

The concept of Panch Kosha, which can be traced back to the esteemed Taittiriya Upanishad, divides human existence into interrelated levels of body, energy, mind, intellect and bliss. This contribution describes different ways and areas in which the Panch Kosha can be useful in the present scenario. Through the alignment and balance of each of the layers, a person can enhance their physical health, gain mental acuity, and achieve spiritual contentment. That is why the use of the framework in workplace, educational and health care environments demonstrate its importance to wellness today. Using knowledge and ideas from ancient texts and modern scholarly material, the article illustrates how an individual can be nurtured by Panch Kosha in the context of modern society and its challenges.
In vitro Anti-venom Effect of Catunaregam nilotica (STAPF) Root Extracts against Echis ocellatus Phospholipase A2 Activity
Authors: Kankara Idris Aliyu , Ibrahim Akos Noel , Onoja Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

Aims: This study evaluates the inhibitory effect of the crude extract of Catunaregam nilotica (STAPF) and its fraction against Echis ocellatus phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity using an In vitro approach.
Study Design:  In-vitro Anti-venom Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria, between September to December, 2024.
Methodology: Crude extraction was performed through cold maceration and fractionated via solvent-solvent partitioning using solvents that increased polarity. The phytochemical contents were screened using standard methods. The inhibitory effect of the crude extracts and their fraction against PLA2 activity was evaluated via the in-vitro acidimetry method.
Results: The phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids in the crude extracts. The in-vitro inhibition assay results revealed that both the hexane and the ethyl acetate fractions significantly inhibited the activity of PLA2 (P<0.05) compared with the venom controls in varying degrees of efficacy.
Conclusion: This study supports the potential of medicinal plants in developing effective anti-venom therapies. Further studies are recommended to isolate the active compound and elucidate its mechanism of action.
Comparative Reliability Analysis of Selenium and Playwright: Evaluating Automated Software Testing Tools
Authors: Almabruk Saad , Abdalhamid Samia , Almabruk Tahani
Published: January 2025

Aims: This study aims to evaluate and compare the reliability of Selenium and Playwright, two leading frameworks for automated web testing. The assessment focuses on key reliability metrics, including uptime and the Rate of Occurrence of Failures (ROCOF).
Study Design: A comparative experimental study conducted under controlled testing conditions.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted over a 24-hour continuous testing period using two laptops with distinct hardware configurations: an HDD-equipped HP laptop and an SSD-equipped Dell laptop.
Methodology: Reliability was measured using two core metrics: uptime and ROCOF. Tests were conducted on an HP laptop (HDD) and a Dell laptop (SSD). Two Python scripts — one for Selenium and one for Playwright — were developed to execute identical actions. For the 24-hour uptime test, Selenium ran on HP and Playwright on Dell. ROCOF was assessed at six-time intervals — 8:00 AM, 8:15 AM, 4:00 PM, 4:15 PM, 12:00 AM, and 12:15 AM — by alternating tool execution between HP and Dell, allowing for analysis of the effects of hardware and time of day on failure rates.
Results: Selenium achieved 100% uptime with no failures, while Playwright recorded 99.72% uptime with four downtimes. For ROCOF, both tools had one failure per 10-test sequence, but Selenium’s higher failure rate per second (0.1208 on HP, 0.1336 on Dell) was due to faster execution times (7.93s on HP, 7.87s on Dell) compared to Playwright (36.74s on HP, 35.84s on Dell). The SSD-equipped Dell laptop outperformed the HDD-based HP, with faster completion times (43.71s vs. 44.67s).
Conclusion: Selenium is ideal for scenarios requiring uninterrupted uptime, while Playwright's consistent response times suit dynamic web application testing. The study highlights hardware's role in performance, with SSDs offering superior speed and stability. These findings guide practitioners in choosing tools based on hardware, stability, and execution needs.
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds, Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimycobacterial Activities of Extracts of Clerodendrum splendens, Sansevieria trifasciata and Sacoglottis gabonensis
Authors: Jenathan Sah Bi Mangoné Prince , Brice Kadja Amani , N’guetta Aka , Romuald Koffi Kouakou , Akhanovna Mamyrbékova-Békro Janat , Yves-Alain Békro
Published: January 2025

An In vitro study was conducted to investigate the extracts of three plants: Clerodendrum splendens, Sansevieria trifasciata and Sacoglottis gabonensis, which are traditionally utilized in Côte d’Ivoire for the treatment of Buruli ulcer. The objectives of this study were to quantify phenolic compounds, assess antioxidant activity against the DPPH● radical and evaluate the effects of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts from the leaves, roots and barks on a strain of Mycobacterium ulcerans. Quantitative analysis revealed significant concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed and hydrolyzable tannins. The highest total phenolic content was found in the decoction and hydroethanolic macerate of Sacoglottis gabonensis (DSG: 367.15±4.88; MhSG: 317.51 ​​± 3.87 mgEAG/g). Total flavonoids were more abundant in hydroethanolic and aqueous macerates of Clerodendrum splendens (MhCS: 73.64±3.01; MCS: 44.31±0.50 mgEQ/g), as well as in decoctions of both Sacoglottis gabonensis and Clerodendrum splendens (DSG: 46.17±1.13 and DCS: 41.40±0.90 mgEQ/g). Condensed tannins were primarily found in the decoction and hydroethanolic macerate of Sacoglottis gabonensis (DSG: 30.29 ± 1.00 and MhSG: 21.36 ± 0.68 mgEC/g) and in the macerate of Clerodendrum splendens (MCS: 23.12±0.34 mgEC/g). Hydrolyzable tannins were more concentrated in the hydroethanolic and aqueous macerates and decoction of Clerodendrum splendens (MhCS: 2.01±0.13; MCS: 1.5±0.03 and DCS: 1.68±0.14%). The antioxidant activity, assessed against the stable DPPH, showed that the extracts of Sacoglottis gabonensis (CR50: decoction 0.0085; aqueous radical and hydroethanolic macerates: 0.0209 and 0.0062) and Clerodendrum splendens (CR50: decoction 0.005) exhibited activities comparable to that of vitamin C (CR50: 0.002), which served as a reference. All extracts demonstrated significant activity against the Mycobacterium ulcerans strain CD1539 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg/mL to 0.5 mg/mL, with enhanced activity noted for the plant decoctions.
Variation of Micronutrients in Soil and Leaves of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Orchards in Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Anil , Chandel Vishal , SwapanaSepehya
Published: January 2025

Management of micronutrients require special attention in orchard soils as the requirement of micronutrients for nutrition, physiological need and quality control is more in fruit crops. Distribution and variability of micronutrients in the soil and leaf of litchi orchards of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh was studied. For this, forty soil sampling sites from litchi growing areas were selected randomly. Surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface (15-30 cm) soil samples were collected during the months of October to November, 2018 after the harvesting of litchi fruit and analyzed for DTPA extractable micronutrients. Litchi leaf samples were collected during August to September, 2018 from where the soil samples were collected and analyzed for the content of micronutrients. Results revealed that all the micronutrients in soil were found high in status except zinc which was medium in status. Most of the micronutrient contents of litchi leaf were sufficient. All the DTPA-extractable micronutrients were negatively correlated with soil pH, EC, available P, K and S and exchangeable calcium and magnesium. Highest significant positive correlation of leaf iron, copper, manganese and zinc was found with the irrespective availability in soil.
Economic Evaluation of Crop Transition Patterns in Ananthapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: V.Ragamalika  , Rajeswari S.
Published: January 2025

The study aims to examine the crop shifts in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. Anantapur is the southern-most district of the Rayalseema region of Andhra Pradesh. While agriculture remains the most important economic activity of the district, it is characterized by high levels of instability and uncertainty. Being in the rain-shadow region of Andhra Pradesh, the district is drought-prone. The results revealed that the groundnut which is an important crop in the district recorded a negative and non-significant growth rate of 0.69 per cent in area, but the productivity and production were significant. The result of Markov chain analysis shown that groundnut was the most stable crop with high retention probability compared with other crops in the district. The crops from which groundnut gained were bengalgram, redgram, jowar, chillies and sunflower but with varying transfer probabilities. The area under paddy was significantly influenced by rainfall. The area of ragi, cotton and bengalgram were influenced by their own lagged prices.
Influence of Different Levels of Sulphur and Phosphorus on Growth and Productivity of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Singh Akashdeep , Yadav Bharti , Choudhary Vikash , Rana Bharat Bhushan
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm of Nirwan University, Jaipur (Rajasthan) during the Rabi season of 2023-24. The experiment consisted of ten treatments with different combinations of phosphorus and sulphur. The results revealed that the combined application of phosphorus and sulphur significantly enhanced the growth and yield parameters of Indian mustard compared to the control. The highest plant height (152.91 cm), dry matter accumulation (436.47 g m-2), number of siliquae per plant (340.58), number of seeds per siliqua (13.45), seed yield (1897.89 kg ha⁻¹), stover yield (4723.33 kg ha⁻¹), and biological yield (6621.22 kg ha⁻¹) were obtained with the application of 45 kg ha⁻¹ phosphorus and 40 kg ha⁻¹ sulphur. The significant improvements in growth and yield attributes can be attributed to enhanced metabolic activity, better cell division, and increased photosynthetic efficiency resulting from phosphorus and sulphur availability. Consequently, the application of 45 kg ha⁻¹ phosphorus and 40 kg ha⁻¹ sulphur was found to significantly improve overall productivity of Indian mustard.
Effect of Stocking Density of Labeo rohita (Rohu) for the Production of Stunted Yearling in Cage Culture Conditions
Authors: J. G. Vanza , H.G. Solanki , R. V. Borichangar
Published: January 2025

The present experiment evaluated the Optimization of Labeo rohita (Rohu) stocking density for the production of stunted yearling in cage culture conditions. Fingerlings were stocked at three different stocking densities i.e., 100, 200 and 300 (T1, T2, and T3, respectively) and reared for 180 days in cage culture condition. Water quality and growth parameters of all treatments were compared during the experiment. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in growth and survival concentration relative to the higher stocking density was observed. Though some of the parameters showed significant (p<0.05) differences among the treatments, the water quality remained within an optimum level, throughout the experiment. An increase in stocking density led to a significant reduction (p<0.05) in ABW and survival of fingerlings. Treatment T1 (100 nos/cage) recorded significantly higher growth than treatment T2 (200 nos/cage) and treatment T3 (300 nos/cage) of both locations during all the years. Among the treatments, T1 recorded significantly higher values of body weight (38.12 g) as compared to T2 (30.87 g) and T3 (27.19 g) but treatment T3 (27.19 g) was at par with T2 (30.87 g). Treatment T1 recorded higher average body weight at both locations during all the years 2013-14 (L1-31.30g and L2-35.98g), 2014-15 (L1-30.91 g and L2- 60.23 g) and 2015-16 (L1-26.37 g and L2-43.93 g) as well as in pooled results (L1-29.53 g and L2-46.72 g) as compared to rest of the treatments. The fish survival data revealed that at both locations and during all the years, there was little variation. As per the survival rate in different treatments, T3 is found most economical.
Advancing Paddy Cultivation: Assessing Economic Efficiency and Constraints of Drone Technology in Indian Agriculture
Authors: R Gowri Shankar , A Malaisamy , M Raswanthkrishna
Published: January 2025

Indian agriculture, the backbone of the nation’s economy, contributes significantly to GDP, provides employment to nearly half the population, and ensures food security for over 1.4 billion people. However, the sector faces challenges like declining productivity, limited mechanization, labor shortages, and climate change impacts. Traditional farming methods, particularly in paddy cultivation, often hinder scalability and efficiency. Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), offer a transformative solution. Equipped with advanced sensors and imaging capabilities, drones provide real-time data on crop health, soil conditions, and pest infestations. This enables farmers to make precise, data-driven decisions, optimizing inputs like water, fertilizers, and pesticides. Such efficiencies are crucial for India’s smallholder farmers, who operate under tight economic constraints. A study in Tamil Nadu focusing on paddy farming revealed that drone-assisted agriculture improves economic efficiency by 90%. This is achieved through precise monitoring and targeted interventions, reducing resource wastage. For example, drones pinpoint specific areas needing attention, allowing selective application of inputs instead of uniform distribution. Cultivation costs decrease by approximately 30%, thanks to reduced labor and input inefficiencies. Most importantly, the study found a 41% increase in farmer income, driven by higher yields and better-quality produce. Timely interventions and optimal resource management ensure healthier crops, minimizing losses from pests and diseases and enhancing farm productivity. Despite these benefits, drone adoption in Indian agriculture faces hurdles such as high initial costs, limited technical expertise, and regulatory challenges. Addressing these issues through subsidies, policy support, and farmer training programs is essential to maximize the technology's potential and promote sustainable agricultural practices. By leveraging drones, Indian agriculture can overcome critical challenges, ensuring improved productivity, profitability, and sustainability for farmers.
Design of a Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna Operating between 1.5 Ghz - 4.5 Ghz
Authors: Archibong E. A. , Njok A. O.
Published: January 2025

A printed circuit board-fabricated antenna is known as a microstrip patch antenna (MSA). It consists of a dielectric substrate that is encased in a ground plane on one side and a radiating patch on the other. A MSA's adaptability is enhanced by its small size, light weight, affordable production costs, simplicity of installation, etc. It can be examined using many antenna parameters, including the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), reciprocity, field areas, and S parameter. The Roger 3003 material (lossy) was used as the substrate in this work to create a rectangular broadband MSA with a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz. A copper conductor with a thickness of 0.003 mm was used as the inset feed, and a gap of 1.00 mm existed between the patch and the inset feed. CST studio suite software was used to simulate this MSA and the results obtained were a reference impedance of 50 Ω; an S-Parameter of -10.75 dB and a farfield radiation pattern with a directivity of 2.34 dBi, -17.7 dBi and -37.7 dBi along the X, Y and Z axes respectively.
Overexpression of interleukin‐10 in engineered macrophages protects endothelial cells against LPS‐induced injury in vitro
Authors: Yi Lingxian , Weng Tujun , Nie Penghui , Zhu Lin , Gao Mingming , Jia Hongxing , Yang Shaohua , Li Xiubin , Zhang Luo , Xu Ye , Ma Penglin , Hu Mei
Published: January 2022

Endothelial dysfunction is a primary pathophysiological change in sepsis. Macrophages are known to interact with vascular endothelial cells during the development of sepsis. Recently, drug delivery based on engineered macrophages was reported as an alternative approach for the management of diseases. Interleukin‐10 (IL10) is a well‐known anti‐inflammatory cytokine, which reduces inflammation and inhibits dysfunction of endothelial cells caused by sepsis. It is currently poorly understood whether genetically modified macrophages with overexpression of IL10 are able to restore endothelial integrity and function at the cellular level. In this study, we used lentiviral vectors to construct RAW264.7 macrophages engineered to overexpress IL10 (IL10‐eM) and investigated the effects of the IL10‐eM supernatant on LPS‐induced endothelial dysfunction using a noncontact coculture system. We found that cotreatment with IL10‐eM supernatant significantly attenuates the effects of LPS‐induced dysfunction of endothelial cells, including endothelial inflammatory response, endothelial permeability, and apoptosis. In addition, we discovered that LPS‐induced downregulation of VE‐cadherin and high production of reactive oxygen species were significantly attenuated upon IL10‐eM exposure. Furthermore, upregulation of IL6, TNFα, and Bax was decreased after treatment of cells with IL10‐eM supernatant. These results demonstrated that supernatant from engineered macrophages genetically modified with IL10 can effectively protect endothelial cells against LPS‐induced dysfunction in vitro, suggesting that exosomes from such engineered macrophages may have therapeutic effects against sepsis.
Competitive Coordination‐Oriented Monodispersed Ruthenium Sites in Conductive MOF/LDH Hetero‐Nanotree Catalysts for Efficient Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Media
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Shuo , Ma Ze‐Lin , Yan Li‐Ting , Zhao Xue‐Bo , Xue Ying‐Ying , Huo Jia‐Min , Yuan Xiao , Li Shu‐Ni , Zhai Quan‐Guo
Published: January 2022

Rational exploration of efficient, inexpensive, and robust electrocatalysts is critical for the efficient water splitting. Conjugated conductive metal–organic frameworks (cMOFs) with multicomponent layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to construct bifunctional heterostructure catalysts are considered as an efficient but complicated strategy. Here, the fabrication of a cMOF/LDH hetero‐nanotree array catalyst (CoNiRu‐NT) coupled with monodispersed ruthenium (Ru) sites via a controllable grafted‐growth strategy is reported. Rich‐amino hexaiminotriphenylene linkers coordinate with the LDH nanotrunk to form cMOF nanobranches, providing numerous anchoring sites to precisely confine and stabilize RuN4 sites. Moreover, monodispersed and reduced Ru moieties facilitate H2O adsorption and dissociation, and the heterointerface between the cMOF and the LDH further modifies the chemical and electronic structures. Optimized CoNiRu‐NT displays a significant increase in electrochemical water‐splitting properties in alkaline media, affording low overpotentials of 22 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 255 mV at 20 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. In an actual electrochemical system, CoNiRu‐NT drives an overall water splitting at a low cell voltage of 1.47 V to reach 10 mA cm−2. This performance is comparable to that of pure noble‐metal‐based materials and superior to most reported MOF‐based catalysts.
A Universal Strategy for Growing a Tenacious Hydrogel Coating from a Sticky Initiation Layer
Authors: Xu Rongnian , Zhang Yunlei , Ma Shuanhong , Ma Zhengfeng , Yu Bo , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng
Published: January 2022

Controllably coating the surfaces of substrates/medical devices with hydrogels exhibits great application potential, but lacks universal techniques. Herein, a new method, namely ultraviolet‐triggered surface catalytically initiated radical polymerization (UV‐SCIRP) from a sticky initiation layer (SIL) (SIL@UV‐SCIRP), is proposed for growing hydrogel coatings. The method involves three key steps: 1) depositing a sticky polydopamine/Fe3+ coating on the surface of the substrates‐SIL, 2) reducing Fe3+ ions to Fe2+ ions as active catalysts by UV illumination with the assistance of citric acid, and 3) conducting SCIRP in a monomer solution at room temperature for growing hydrogel coatings. In this manner, practically any substrate's surface (natural or artificial materials) can be modified by hydrogel coatings with controllable thickness and diverse compositions. The hydrogel coatings exhibit good interface bonding with the substrates and enable easy changes in their wettability and lubrication performances. Importantly, this novel method facilitates the smooth growth of uniform hydrogel lubrication coatings on the surface of a range of medical devices with complex geometries. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept, the slippery balls coated with hydrogel exhibited smooth movement within the catheter and esophagus. Hence, this method can prove to be a pioneering universal modification tool, especially in surface/interface science and engineering.
Generation of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Coordinated Thermally Stable Halogen Cation Pools for C−H Halogenation
Authors: Dalai Pallaba Ganjan , Palit Kuntal , Panda Niranjan
Published: January 2022

A method to generate halogen cation pools from the reaction of 1,2‐dihaloethanes (hal=Br, I) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for C−H halogenation of arenes and heteroarenes was reported. The initial reaction of DMSO and 1,2‐dihaloethane generates the sulfur ylide, which undergoes pyrolytic elimination of ethylene by affording halonium ions. These ions were accumulated and stabilized by DMSO through coordination by forming halogen cation pools for the halogenation reaction. This protocol was selective for electrophilic monohalogenation of arenes at room temperature; however, polyhalogenated products were formed by raising the reaction temperature. Late‐stage halogenation of heteroarenes and some commonly marketed drugs signifies the synthetic utility of this protocol in pharmaceutical chemistry. Unlike the classical methods, the in‐situ generated electrophilic bromonium ion was further exploited for the direct synthesis of α‐diketones from the alkenes under base‐free conditions.

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Aminocatalytic Alkylation of Indene‐2‐Carbaldehydes via Pentaenamine Activation
Authors: Przydacz Artur , Topolska Aleksandra , Skrzyńska Anna , Frankowski Sebastian , Albrecht Łukasz
Published: January 2022

In the manuscript an application of amino isobenzofulvene intermediates as pentaenamines undergoing 1,6‐addition is described. As a result an alkylation of the indene ring of the starting indene‐2‐carbaldehydes with para‐quinone methides is achieved. Stereoselectivity of the process is controlled by C2‐symmetric 2,5‐diphenylpyrrolidine. The developed process exploits the reactivity of amino isobenzofulvene intermediates derived from indene‐2‐carbaldehydes in a non‐cycloadditive manner.

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Mapping crosslinking reaction–structure–property relationship in polyether‐based vinylogous urethane vitrimers
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Jin‐Jin , Luo Zheng‐Hong , Zhou Yin‐Ning
Published: January 2022

Vitrimers with dynamic covalent bonds are sustainable alternatives for traditional thermosetting polymers. The variations of building block alter the properties of vitrimers, but obstruct detailed structure–property correlations. Besides, a recognizable crosslinking reaction is responsible for the network structures of vitrimers. Herein, we investigated the effects of building block variations (i.e., the content of crosslinker, and the type and molar mass of polymer matrix) on the crosslinking kinetics, as well as on the static and dynamic properties using polyether‐based vinylogous urethane vitrimers as model system. The kinetics of crosslinking tracked by in situ FTIR provides an insightful understanding on the vitrimer yield and formation rate under conditions. And the apparent rate coefficient (k) was linearly correlated to the crosslinking density (νe) in case of different polymer matrixes being used. In addition, based on the classical theoretical models we also realized the correlations between the static property (i.e., glass transition temperature, Tg) and νe, as well as the dynamic property (i.e., topology freezing temperature, Tv) and νe. Tg has been found to be exclusively positively related to νe, while Tv is jointly determined by νe and the content of free amine. This strategy to establish reaction–structure–property relationship bridged by the crosslinking density will guide the preparation of novel, tailor‐made sustainable polymeric materials.
Effective absorption of SO2 by imidazole‐based protic ionic liquids with multiple active sites: Thermodynamic and mechanical studies
Authors: Liu Ping , Cai Kaixing , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhao Tianxiang
Published: January 2022

In view of the environmental hazards caused by SO2, the development of efficient SO2 capture technology has important practical significance. In this work, a low‐viscosity protic ionic liquids containing imidazole (Im), ether linkage, and tertiary amine structure was synthesized by acid–base neutralization of tris(3,6‐dioxaheptyl)amine (TMEA) and Im for SO2 absorption. The results showed that the solubility of SO2 in [TMEA][Im] reached 12.754 mol kg−1 at 298.2 K and 1 bar and the ideal selectivity of SO2/CO2 (1/1) is 141.7 at 1 bar. Furthermore, [TMEA][Im] can be reused and the SO2 absorption performance was not significantly reduced after five cycles. In addition, the absorption of low‐concentration SO2 (2000 ppm) in [TMEA][Im] was also tested. Further spectroscopic research and thermodynamic analysis suggested that the high SO2 uptake by [TMEA][Im] was caused by the synergistic effect of physical and chemical absorption.
Fossil papilionoids of the Bowdichia clade (Leguminosae) from the Paleogene of North America
Authors: Herendeen Patrick S. , Cardoso Domingos B. O. S. , Herrera Fabiany , Wing Scott L.
Published: January 2022

Premise

Understanding the evolutionary history of flowering plants has been enriched by the integration of molecular phylogenies and evidence from the fossil record. Fossil fruits and leaves from the late Paleocene and Eocene of Wyoming and Eocene of Kentucky and Tennessee are described as extinct genera in the tropical American Bowdichia clade of the legume subfamily Papilionoideae. Recent phylogenetic study and taxonomic revision of the Bowdichia clade have facilitated understanding of relationships of the fossil taxa and their evolutionary implications and paleoenvironmental significance.

Methods

The fossils were studied using standard methods of specimen preparation and light microscopy and compared to fruits and leaves from extant legume taxa using herbarium collections. Phylogenetic relationships of the fossil taxa were assessed using morphology and DNA sequence data.

Results

Two new fossil genera are described and their phylogenetic relationships are established. Paleobowdichia lamarensis is placed as sister to the extant genus Bowdichia and Tobya claibornensis is placed with the extant genera Guianodendron and Staminodianthus.

Conclusions

These fossils demonstrate that the tropical American Bowdichia clade was present in North America during a period when tropical or subtropical conditions prevailed in the northern Rocky Mountains during the late Paleocene and the Mississippi Embayment during the middle Eocene. These fossils also document that the Bowdichia clade had diversified by the late Paleocene when the fossil record of the family is relatively sparse. This result suggests that future work on early fossil legumes should focus on tropical and subtropical climatic zones, wherever they may occur latitudinally.
A novel phenolic compounds delivery system: Oral films with extract from camu‐camu industrial residue
Authors: Lourenço Carla Alves Monaco , dos Santos Garcia Vitor Augusto , Borges Josiane Gonçalves , Yoshida Cristiana Maria Pedroso , Vanin Fernanda Maria , de Carvalho Rosemary Aparecida
Published: January 2022

Oral films perform promising alternatives to traditional oral delivery systems to carry and deliver bioactive compounds directly into the oral cavity. The objective of this work was to produce and evaluate oral films based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and pregelatinized starch incorporated with ethanolic extract from camu‐camu industrial residue (EECCIR). Although all films can be ingested without causing irritation to the oral mucosa, due to near‐neutral surface pH, the starch‐based oral films with and without the addition of EECCIR showed reduced tensile strength (5.48 ± 0.97 MPa) indicating inferior mechanical properties to films based on CMC and HPMC. The CMC films, in addition to shorter disintegration time (50 ± 5 s), showed faster release, about 70% of phenolic compounds in 10 min and 100% in 30 min. As for the release profile, the application of the Korsmeyer and Peppas and Peppas and Sahlin models allowed to better understand the mechanisms involved in the release of phenolic compounds. Although all three oral film formulations can be used as carriers of active compounds from the ethanolic extract of the camu‐camu residue, the oral films based on CMC incorporated with EECCIR showed greater potential.
Cascade proton relays facilitate electron transfer across hydrogen‐bonding network
Authors: Kim Heechan , Lee Dongwhan
Published: January 2022

Functioning as both hydrogen‐bonding donor and acceptor, the imidazole group of histidine holds a unique position in the proton transfer cascade of biological systems. For example, a histidine residue in the oxygen‐evolving photosystem II participates in the proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction to facilitate light‐triggered one‐electron oxidation of a nearby tyrosine residue. As a minimalist synthetic model of such His–Tyr functional diad, three structural variants of benzimidazole–phenol conjugate were studied. We found that an increasing number of hydrogen bonds facilitate reversible one‐electron oxidation of the phenol ring. The reaction coordinates of this intriguing PCET process were mapped out by density functional theory computational studies to reveal oxidation‐driven conformational switching as an entry point to cascade proton relays stabilizing the phenoxyl radical. Strategic placement of hydrogen bonds thus tightly regulates the energy windows of electron transfer, which is an effective strategy for biological redoxphores of seemingly limited structural diversity.