bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of cell breakings on the buckling of composite sandwich shells with FDM additively manufactured honeycomb cores
Authors: Chernobryvko Marina , Avramov Konstantin , Pierre Christophe , Derevianko Igor , Maksymenko-Sheiko Kyrylo , Uspensky Boris
Published: December 2024

A methodology for the buckling analysis of composite cylindrical sandwich panels with cell breakings is proposed, based on finite element modeling and analysis using the commercial software ANSYS. The core of the thin-walled structure is a honeycomb made from polylactide (PLA) material and manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive technology, and the inner and outer layers of the sandwich panels are made from carbon fiber-reinforced materials with brittle properties. The elasto-plastic properties of the honeycomb structure are obtained experimentally and taken into account. The novelty of the present article is the following. The influence of cell breakings on buckling of sandwich panels is analyzed. The longitudinal pressures of global buckling and global buckling modes of defected sandwich panels are analyzed numerically. Moreover, the local buckling of defected sandwich panels under the action of radial pressure is analyzed numerically too. The buckling pressures of the thin-walled structures with elasto-plastic honeycombs are analyzed computationally. Eight types of cell breakings with different cell breaking locations are considered.
A critical enthymematic deconstruction of anti/pro LGBTQ+ arguments on Malaysian social media
Authors: Xia Chenri , Rasoulikolamaki Sahar , Jalalian Daghigh Ali
Published: December 2024

Malaysian social media platforms have been a dynamic space where both supporters and opponents of LGBTQ+ rights voice their opinions, either contesting or reinforcing discriminatory sentiments. We conducted an enthymematic deconstruction of arguments on two popular Malaysian social media platforms, expanding the concept of topoi within the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) to explore how various standpoints are (de)legitimised. The findings show that both sides deliberately draw from the same broad categories – religion, biology and society – to support their respective views. Specifically, anti-LGBTQ+ arguments include appeals to divine punishment, God’s original design, contrary to natural order, pathological disorder, harmfulness and existential consequences, while pro-LGBTQ+ ones are arguing about religious pluralism, God’s creation, natural order, health/normality, harmlessness and overpopulation. Both groups’ appeal to the same foundational principles highlights the dialectical nature of their arguments, allowing each side to negotiate and adapt its values and beliefs in line with the wider cultural and ideological discourse. This helps explain the persistent and contentious nature of the issue in Malaysia, characterised by its diverse demographic makeup.
Optical and Structural Properties of Nylon 6 Fibres Exposed to UV Radiation
Authors: Shabana H.M.
Published: December 2024

Nylon 6 fibres irradiated in air by a UV source were examined by a two-beam polarizing interference microscope. Refractive indices and birefringence values were obtained experimentally and compared with those of unirradiated samples. The experimental measurements were used to calculate some optical and structural parameters. Polarizabilities per unit volume, isotropic and virtual refractive indices, orientation function and angle, degree of crystallinity, molar refractivity and specific refractivity of the dielectric were among the calculated parameters. The effect of UV radiation on the refractive indices along the diameter, and related parameters were investigated. Relationships between optical and structural parameters and their changes with the exposure time are discussed. The study shows that new reorientation occurred as a result of radiation.
Based on fNIRS Technology: The Effects of Scalp Acupuncture Combined with iTBS on Cognitive Function After Stroke
Authors: Zhong Lida , Luo Jinning , Ma Xiancong , Yan Jiayan , Tang Qiong , Bao Xiao , Lan Shouhuang
Published: December 2024

Objective

To explore the impact of integrating scalp acupuncture with iTBS therapy on cognitive impairments post-stroke.

Methods

This study was a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial. Fifty-four patients completed the study and were allocated into the SA group, iTBS group, and combined group using a random number table method. The SA group received scalp acupuncture treatment for 4 weeks, the iTBS group underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation for 4 weeks, and the combined group received both scalp acupuncture and iTBS treatments for 4 weeks. All enrolled patients also received standard pharmacological and conventional rehabilitation treatments, six days a week, for four weeks in total. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) before treatment (baseline) and after treatment (4 weeks). Additionally, changes in cerebral hemodynamics during the experiment were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Results

Scalp acupuncture therapy, iTBS therapy, and the combination of scalp acupuncture with iTBS therapy all significantly activated the cortical regions of the frontal and temporal lobes in patients with Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (PSCIND) ( P < 0.05). Compared to scalp acupuncture or iTBS therapy alone, the combined therapy activated more channels, with more significant activation in the right Superior Temporal Cortex (r-STC), right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (r-VLPFC), Medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC), left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (l-VLPFC), right Superior Frontal Cortex (r-SFC), and left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (l-DLPFC) ( P < 0.05). The combined therapy enhances cognitive functions in PSCIND patients, exhibiting superior clinical effectiveness compared to either scalp acupuncture or iTBS therapy when used individually ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The combination of scalp acupuncture with iTBS therapy represents a novel and promising neurorehabilitation treatment technique for post-stroke cognitive impairment. Future clinical research is needed to explore its therapeutic mechanisms and further refine this technique.
Optimal Antithrombotic Regimen After Cryptogenic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abuelazm Mohamed , Mazen Amin Ahmed , Tharwat Ali Hossam , Ayyad Mohammed , Nazir Abubakar , Tanashat Mohammad , Ramadan Shrouk , Abdelazeem Basel , Brašić James Robert
Published: December 2024

Although several antithrombotic strategies have been investigated for the management of cryptogenic strokes, ie, ischemic strokes without known etiologies, an optimal antithrombotic strategy for cryptogenic strokes is unknown. We aim to assess oral antithrombotic agents’ comparative efficacy and safety after cryptogenic stroke to identify an optimal treatment.

A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) obtained from PubMed, Embase Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science until February 2024. We used the random-effects model to report dichotomous outcomes using a risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted using R, version 4.3.1.

Seven RCTs with 15,240 patients were included. None of the OACs showed a significant efficacy in preventing all-cause mortality, stroke recurrence, cardiovascular mortality, and major adverse cardiac events compared to aspirin. Also, safety measures were similar between different OACs and aspirin regarding safety measures, including major bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal bleeding. However, only rivaroxaban significantly increased the incidence of major bleeding (RR: 2.69, CI [1.67, 4.33]).

There was no difference between various OACs and aspirin regarding efficacy and safety outcomes. There is a greater risk of major bleeding with rivaroxaban. Further research is still warranted to define a personalized strategy for selecting antithrombotic strategies after cryptogenic stroke on a case-by-case basis.
Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Findings in a Mexican Patient With Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 2: Support for Pathogenicity of the c.1226 G>T Variant and for Presence of Cherry-Red Spot in This Disease
Authors: Corcuera-Delgado Celso Tomás , Ramírez-Ristori Alfonso Gilberto , Pérez-Muñoz Estela , Mendizábal-Rodríguez María Emilia , Villarroel Camilo E.
Published: December 2024

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) results from biallelic pathogenic variants in the TPP1 gene, leading to deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase 1. We report an autopsy case of CLN2 characterized at molecular level. The patient exhibited a spectrum of neurologic symptoms including epilepsy, behavioral alterations, cognitive regression, motor impairment, and visual loss. In fundus exam, a cherry-red spot was observed. She died at 7 years old, autopsy demonstrated severe atrophy of the brain and cerebellum with neuronal loss and gliosis. Neurons were distended by autofluorescent ceroid lipofuscin of 2 types: fine granular deposits and coarse round bodies. In addition, electron microscopy study revealed characteristic curvilinear profiles. After autopsy, a germline molecular test was performed that found the c.1226 G>T variant in a homozygous state. This variant has been referenced in a single undetailed report and is classified as of uncertain significance. Our findings support that cherry-red spot can be present in CLN2 and confirm the pathogenicity of the c.1226 G>T variant. Current management of CLN2 includes enzyme replacement that requires early diagnosis, which can be facilitated by clinical delineation of the disease and appropriate classification and public reporting of TPP1 variants.
Investigating EFL teachers’ use of generative AI to develop reading materials: A practice and perception study
Authors: Xin Jieting Jerry
Published: December 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools have shown great potential for assisting teachers in their teaching routines. However, there is an urgent need for more empirical research to investigate the implementation and effectiveness of these tools. This study aimed to explore how teachers in an English as a foreign language (EFL) context perceived and used a generative AI-based tool, ChatPDF, to develop materials for reading lessons. Data were collected from three EFL teachers’ dialogues with ChatPDF, artefacts (including original and finalized materials), and individual semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to analyse the dialogues with ChatPDF through the lens of pedagogical content knowledge. The interviews were analysed thematically, and the artefacts were used for triangulation. The findings show that the teachers mainly used ChatPDF for text modification, task design, and pedagogical suggestions. The teachers relied on their knowledge of pedagogy, knowledge of students, and teacher language awareness during the process of developing language-learning materials with ChatPDF. The findings revealed a ‘D-R-E-A-M’ pattern of teachers’ use of ChatPDF for materials development (determine the needs, render the prompts, evaluate the suggestions, adjust the prompts if necessary, and make the final decision). The teachers acknowledged several advantages and limitations of using ChatPDF to develop materials. The results of this study have pedagogical implications for EFL teachers regarding how to make better use of generative AI tools for materials development, as well as for teacher educators regarding what to include in teacher professional development programmes in the era of generative AI.
Data solidarity in feminist technology activism and innovation
Authors: Richterich Annika
Published: December 2024

Feminist data activism aims to safeguard the interests and rights of marginalised groups. This paper examines how feminist data activists critically and creatively engage with digital data and related technologies, thereby also contributing to grassroots technology innovation. Conceptually, it draws on the notion of data solidarity. While this concept has been mainly explored in data governance frameworks and ethics, this paper analyses civic and academic data activism – acknowledging that the lines between civic vis-à-vis academic practices are blurring. It starts from the question how data solidarity may co-shape feminist data activism. Methodologically, it pursues a cultural media studies approach and comparatively analyses three cases. The paper argues that data solidarity is insightful for understanding how the interplay, including tensions, between individual autonomy and collective control may facilitate (co-)creation of data with public value.
Zine-making for critical cultural justice inquiry: a qualitative multi-method approach to reimagining Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area, Norfolk Island
Authors: Baker Sarah , Cantillon Zelmarie , Evans Chelsea
Published: December 2024

Zines have recently emerged as methodological tools in qualitative research seeking to deploy arts-based approaches that foreground agency, collaboration, creativity, affect and critique. This article reflects on the use of zine-making as method in a project focused on Kingston and Arthur's Vale Historic Area, Norfolk Island. The article analyses seven methods used in making zine content: sticky notes, memory prompts, story completion, letter writing, interpretive text, conversations and participatory mapping. The article positions the project's multi-method approach to zine-making as a form of critical cultural justice inquiry. We discuss zine-making in terms of its sociable qualities, as well as its capacity to support representational belonging and a sense of ownership among participants over project outputs. As part of critical cultural justice inquiry, zine-making can enable ‘doing research otherwise’ – resisting extractivism and instead emphasising building relationships, engaging in dialogue and co-creating resources for hope and action.
Visual reasoning: the role of abduction within qualitative research on interprofessional working
Authors: Cross Beth
Published: December 2024

Whilst visual methods have increasing research use, visual reasoning has received less attention. Integration of health and social services require professionals to work with increasing coordination. Visual reasoning plays an important role in these complex skill sets and is under-theorized. This article focuses on visual reasoning within qualitative research in this professional context. Visual languages and the reasoning done with them often remain implicit, leading to confusion and underutilisation. Here, we investigate the use of metaphoric and diagrammatic visuals by a purposive sampling of key stakeholders discussing collaboration across integrated children's services. We analyse the function visual images played within our own interpretive negotiations as a research group and problematise why participants made extensive use of metaphoric reasoning whilst remaining critical of the effectiveness of diagrammatic visuals. Our original contribution is to highlight the role of abduction in visual reasoning within research analysis and within professional reflection.
Participating in the impasse? The cruel optimism of the youth participatory democratic project fantasy
Authors: Duggan James , Dunne Stuart , O'Donnell Daniel
Published: December 2024

Participatory research often claims to inspire and empower young people to change their lives and communities but what if the problems are entrenched, and the world remains intransigent? The article draws on Berlant's ideas of fantasy, cruel optimism and the impasse to navigate the ethics of mobilising and managing young people's aspirations for change in adverse, austerity contexts. Naming the youth participatory democratic project (YPDP) is a useful concept for understanding youth experiences of deflation in a creative, arts-based participatory project. The YPDP works with marginalised young people but is a professionalising, institutionalising fantasy that proscribes the transgressive activism and infrastructural practices of care and solidarity that such communities have required to realise change. To help navigate the impasse, the article presents two fantasies. One outlines the Mental Health Movement project, the other is an alternative and speculative youth state that builds infrastructures of support for young people to organise amidst adversity.
Experience of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-Partner Sexual Violence in Conflict-Affected Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Murphy Maureen , Smith Emily R. , Chandarana Shikha , Ellsberg Mary
Published: December 2024

This review aims to contribute to the understanding of violence against women and girls in conflict-affected and fragile settings through a systematic review and meta-analysis to document the available evidence on the prevalence of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence during periods of armed conflict and in post-conflict periods. A total of 45 studies were included. Inclusion criteria were: population-based, observational studies that collected quantitative data with women (aged 15 years or older), included prevalence data on intimate partner violence or sexual violence, was collected in a conflict-affected context (active conflict or within 10 years after conflict) and was self-reported by women themselves. PubMed ( Medline), PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched, and Demographic and Health Surveys were included for conflict-affected settings. The search covered literature published between January 1990 and August 2023. The results estimate that 39% of women and girls in conflict-affected settings have experienced physical or lifetime IPV, while 24% reported this violence in the past 12 months. For non-partner perpetrated violence, an estimated 21% of women and girls had experienced this violence in their lifetime and 11% reported having this experience during a period of conflict. When looking at sexual violence overall, an estimated 21% had experienced this violence, though there was considerable heterogeneity depending on the source of this data.
Psychotherapeutic Interventions Used in Psychological Treatment Studies With Syrian Refugees: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yılmaz Tuğba , Karakuş Cansu
Published: December 2024

The ongoing conflicts in the Middle East have led to a substantial influx of Syrian refugees, exposing them to severe traumatic experiences and contributing to a range of mental health issues. This systematic review examines psychotherapeutic interventions employed in psychological treatment studies with Syrian refugees, focusing on 22 articles identified across Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The review highlights the need for psychotherapeutic intervention for Syrian refugees due to the high prevalence of post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, grief, and loss which results from an increased risk of various forms of violence and exploitation. Psychotherapeutic interventions in the reviewed studies were Problem Management Plus (PM+), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR), narrative therapy, dance and movement therapy, art therapy, psychosocial interventions, and online psychotherapy. In the studies conducted with young and child refugees, various psychotherapeutic interventions such as cognitive-behavioral skills therapy, EMDR group therapy, art, dance and movement therapy, and early adolescence skills for emotions were applied. In studies conducted with adult refugees, it is noteworthy that studies frequently applied the PM+ intervention. It is seen that PM+ was applied especially in the camp environment at the beginning of the refugee process. In most of the studies, group format and face-to-face psychotherapeutic intervention were preferred. The findings emphasize the importance of tailored interventions that account for the cultural backgrounds and experiences of Syrian refugees. By addressing these barriers and implementing culturally sensitive approaches, mental health professionals can better support the psychological recovery and integration of Syrian refugees in host countries.
The Change in Child Sexual Abuse Victimization Among Chinese Children and Adolescents (2000–2022): A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pan Yangu , Maggie Chan Meiki , Yuan Yingzi , Li Song , He Longtao , Zeng Linan
Published: December 2024

Limited meta-analytical research has examined the epidemiology of child sexual abuse (CSA) victimization among Chinese children and adolescents over the past two decades. It is crucial to evaluate how the incidence of CSA has changed over time in response to the significant policy and sociocultural changes since 2013. This study employed a cross-temporal meta-analysis to explore the trend of CSA victimization among Chinese children and adolescents from 2000 to 2022. A total of 39 studies (72 independent samples, 83,318 participants, Mage = 15.77 years) using three questionnaires for CSA victimization (Chen Jingqi’s scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, or Xiang Bing’s scale) were identified through a systematic literature search. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models on Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3.0 software. Results indicated that the overall prevalence of CSA victimization from 2000 to 2022 was 16.4%, with distinct differences between genders (15.0% for girls and 18.1% for boys). Moreover, the prevalence for girls decreased significantly after 2013 (12.2%) compared to before 2013 (18.9%), whereas the prevalence for boys remained relatively stable between 2013 and 2022 (19.4%) and 2000 to 2012 (16.2%). After controlling participants’ age, the prevalence of CSA victimization for both girls and boys showed a decreasing trend from 2013 to 2022, while no significant change was observed from 2000 to 2012. These findings underscore the importance of considering gender in CSA research and prevention efforts. They also suggest that increased sociocultural awareness and policy changes post-2013 may have contributed to protecting girls from CSA victimization, though similar benefits were not as evident for boys.
Potential Use of Voice-Activated Personal Assistants in Diabetes Prevention and Management: An Exploratory Qualitative Study Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Jacobs Sara , Rotunda Wendi , Sarris Esquivel Nikie , Horvitz Casey , Ng Valerie , Vincent Adam , Arena Laura , Feher John , Hulbert LaShonda , Mensa-Wilmot Yvonne
Published: December 2024

Background

Diabetes affects millions of people in the United States and poses significant health and economic challenges, but it can be prevented or managed through health behavior changes. Such changes might be aided by voice-activated personal assistants (VAPAs), which offer interactive and real-time assistance through features such as reminders, or obtaining health information. However, there are little data on interest and acceptability of integrating VAPAs into programs such as the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) or diabetes, self-management, education, and support (DSMES) services.

Methods

We conducted individual and small-group semi-structured interviews of National DPP and DSMES staff and program participants. We used rapid-turnaround qualitative thematic analysis to identify emerging themes using an adapted version of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Results

Nearly all program participants and staff had prior experience with VAPAs, but not in the context of these programs. Most program participants felt confident in their ability to use VAPAs but were concerned about their privacy and security. Program staff were optimistic about the feasibility of integrating VAPAs into existing programs given their ability to support healthy habit formation, but staff were less optimistic about using VAPAs to share health information. Program staff also felt that additional resources to support VAPA use would help ensure that VAPAs would not create an extra burden on staff and program participants.

Implications

Integrating VAPAs as a resource to enhance mobile applications already in use shows potential to support health behavior change. Future research should include how this technology could be further optimized to enhance utility.
Media coverage of the Russo–Ukraine war beyond the West: Geopolitics and mainstream news in Brazil, India and South Africa
Authors: Wozniak Antal , Liu Zixiu , Lind Fabienne
Published: December 2024

How closely does news coverage in independent media outlets in non-Western countries follow domestic political elites’ interpretations of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine? And how much attention do newsrooms pay to geopolitical aspects of the issue compared to domestic considerations? This study moves beyond a still prevailing Euro- and US-centric perspective by focusing on Brazil, India and South Africa, three democratic countries with close economic and political ties to Russia. The authors systematically compare the wording used by elite politicians to describe the events in Ukraine with that in mainstream news reports. They also analyse the salience of political leaders and geopolitical entities (countries and intergovernmental organizations) in news coverage. For the use of descriptive terminology, they find no evidence for news reporting to be indexed to government wording. Their analysis of references to geopolitical actors shows news media’s strong propensity for domesticating the war for their respective national audiences.
Association between muscular atrophy and mortality risk in patients with COPD: a systematic review
Authors: Li Wenyan , Wu Ying , Yang Xun , Zhu Jing , Feng Mei , Deng Rong , Yang Cui , Sun Chengcheng
Published: December 2024

Background:

Muscular atrophy often can be seen at the end of stage in many chronic diseases. It will also negatively influence patients’ outcomes. Different studies showed that the association between muscular atrophy and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was unclear. This study will continue to assess the influence of muscular atrophy on mortality in patients with COPD.

Objectives:

To systematically evaluate the association between muscular atrophy and death in patients with COPD.

Design:

Systematic review.

Methods and data sources:

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the China Biomedical Literature Service System, China Biomedical Literature Service System (CINAHL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang database, and the WeiPu (VIP) were systematically searched for cohort studies on muscular atrophy and COPD from inception to July 1st, 2023. Two reviewers independently review, assess, and extract data from the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results:

Thirteen cohort studies were ultimately included, involving 10,528 patients with COPD. There were seven cohort studies included in the meta-analysis, including 3,458 COPD patients. The meta-analysis showed that patients with COPD combined with muscular atrophy had a higher mortality risk (HR = 2.20, 95%CI (1.74, 2.79), p < 0.00001). At the same time, patients with COPD who had muscular atrophy may had longer hospital stays.

Conclusion:

Muscular atrophy is associated with the mortality and disease prognosis of patients with COPD. The conclusion needs to be supported and validated by more high-quality studies given the limitation of the number of articles included in this study.

Trial registration:

This systematic review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42024589435).
Look above the IRP: predicting abnormal confirmatory testing in patients with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
Authors: Strauss Starling Alexandra , Thanawala Shivani U. , Beveridge Claire A. , Falk Gary W. , Lynch Kristle L.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is a manometric diagnosis based on Chicago Classification version 4.0 (CC4.0) that requires confirmatory testing for clinical relevancy. However, it is still unclear which patients will respond to therapy.

Objectives:

To evaluate manometric and clinical predictors of abnormal confirmatory testing for patients with EGJOO.

Design:

This was a prospective observational study of patients with manometric EGJOO and chest pain or dysphagia who underwent confirmatory testing.

Methods:

Patients with EGJOO on manometry were enrolled and underwent timed barium esophagram or endoFLIP. A subset of patients was given validated surveys, including Eckardt scores (ES) and PROMIS-10.

Results:

For patients with a CC4.0 EGJOO diagnosis, abnormal peristalsis (OR = 7.0, 95% CI = 1.01–44.6, p = 0.04) and increases in ES (OR = 2.34 95% CI = 1.13–4.86, p = 0.02) were associated with positive confirmatory testing.

Conclusion:

Patients with potentially actionable EGJOO were more likely to have an abnormal peristaltic subtype of EGJOO or higher ES.
A comparative analysis of a central metaphyseal humeral fixation stemless shoulder arthroplasty to an anatomic shoulder arthroplasty in a national registry cohort
Authors: Peckston Dane C , D’Costa Elliott , Gill David RJ , Harries Dylan , Page Richard , Baba Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Background

This study aimed to determine the revision outcome between a centrally fixed stemless anatomic design and other total anatomic shoulder replacements using data from a large national arthroplasty registry.

Methods

The study period was from December 2011 to December 2022 and included three cohorts; primary Affinis stemless anatomic (AFS), all other primary total stemless anatomic (sTSA) and primary total stemmed anatomic shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). The endpoint was all-cause revision using cumulative percent revision (CPR). Hazard ratio (HR) models were adjusted for age and gender.

Results

There were 2489 primary AFS, 1593 primary sTSA and 11,023 primary aTSA. There was no difference in revision rates between the AFS and the sTSA group. The aTSA group had a significantly higher rate of revision compared to both AFS (HR = 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–2.05, p < 0.001) and sTSA (HR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.21–2.15, p = 0.001). However, sub-analyses stratifying for highly crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) showed no differences between the groups.

Discussion

The rates of revision between the AFS design and other stemless prostheses were similar. Stemless had lower revision rates to aTSA. When only considering XLPE cemented glenoids, there was no significant difference in revision rates.
Effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of triptorelin acetate microspheres in patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Wu Guolan , Zhou Feng , Wang Haiping , Liu Kan , Yu Dexin , Fan Lianlian , Han Yangyun , Ai Xiaohong , Cao Youhan , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Sheng , He Chaohong , Wu Jitao , Wu Ji , Wang Youlei , Wang Yanqing , Jin Baiye , Shentu Jianzhong
Published: December 2024

Background:

A newly generic microspheres, sustained-release formulation of triptorelin acetate 3.75 mg has been developed.

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety of triptorelin 1-month formulation in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.

Design:

An open-label, multicenter clinical trial with one arm testing a 1-month sustained-release triptorelin formulation in prostate cancer patients.

Methods:

Patients with prostate cancer received three consecutive 28-day injections of triptorelin acetate. The primary endpoint was the proportion of successful patients over the total number of evaluable patients. Treatment success was defined as testosterone suppression below the clinical castration level (i.e., <0.5 ng/mL) at day 28 and maintenance of clinical castration until study completion (day 84). The frequency of patients with testosterone concentrations <0.2 ng/mL was also studied.

Results:

The study included 125 patients. All 125 patients received at least one dose of the study drug and 122 completed the study. The successful patient proportion among the evaluable patients was 97.6% (122/125; 95% CI, 92.7–99.2). 95.1% (116/122) achieved testosterone concentrations <0.2 ng/mL. The pharmacokinetic profile of triptorelin during the first 3 months of treatment, evaluated in a subset of the study population ( n = 11), showed sustained release of triptorelin from the formulation. Values for AUC0−τ calculated from day 0 to 28, and day 56 to 84 were 134.42 (28.76), and 154.72 (21.86) h*ng/mL, respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events were increased alanine aminotransferase (18.4%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (16.0%), and hot flashes (9.6%). Prolonged QT interval on electrocardiogram, erectile dysfunction, and decreased libido each occurred in ⩽4% of the patients. The frequently reported local adverse reaction was pain at the injection site, experienced by 2.4% (3/125) of the patients.

Conclusion:

3.75-mg Triptorelin acetate microspheres for injection were effective in achieving and maintaining testosterone suppression and were well tolerated in patients with prostate cancer.

Trial registration:

chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000033188).
Mapping two decades of research in rheumatology-specific journals: a topic modeling analysis with BERTopic
Authors: Madrid-García Alfredo , Freites-Núñez Dalifer , Merino-Barbancho Beatriz , Pérez Sancristobal Inés , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Luis
Published: December 2024

Background:

Rheumatology has experienced notable changes in the last decades. New drugs, including biologic agents and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, have blossomed. Concepts such as window of opportunity, arthralgia suspicious for progression, or difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have appeared; and new management approaches and strategies such as treat-to-target have become popular. Statistical learning methods, gene therapy, telemedicine, or precision medicine are other advancements that have gained relevance in the field. To better characterize the research landscape and advances in rheumatology, automatic and efficient approaches based on natural language processing (NLP) should be used.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to use topic modeling (TM) techniques to uncover key topics and trends in rheumatology research conducted in the last 23 years.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Methods:

This study analyzed 96,004 abstracts published between 2000 and December 31, 2023, drawn from 34 specialized rheumatology journals obtained from PubMed. BERTopic, a novel TM approach that considers semantic relationships among words and their context, was used to uncover topics. Up to 30 different models were trained. Based on the number of topics, outliers, and topic coherence score, two of them were finally selected, and the topics were manually labeled by two rheumatologists. Word clouds and hierarchical clustering visualizations were computed. Finally, hot and cold trends were identified using linear regression models.

Results:

Abstracts were classified into 45 and 47 topics. The most frequent topics were RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, and osteoarthritis. Expected topics such as COVID-19 or JAK inhibitors were identified after conducting dynamic TM. Topics such as spinal surgery or bone fractures have gained relevance in recent years; however, antiphospholipid syndrome or septic arthritis have lost momentum.

Conclusion:

Our study utilized advanced NLP techniques to analyze the rheumatology research landscape and identify key themes and emerging trends. The results highlight the dynamic and varied nature of rheumatology research, illustrating how interest in certain topics has shifted over time.
Biologics in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis in Canada: Current Trends and Practice Patterns
Authors: Ouellette Alexie J. , Thamboo Andrew , Sowerby Leigh J. , Chin Christopher J.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

As the understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis has increased over the last few years, it has been discovered that biologic therapy targeting type 2 inflammatory molecules can be beneficial for those with difficult-to-treat chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Given the recency of biologics, there is somewhat limited evidence on when to prescribe these medications and who should receive them. A recent consensus paper published by a group of Canadian rhinologists gave recommendations regarding prescribing biologics to patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This study aimed to outline current practices and prescribing patterns of biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis in Canada and contrast this to existing guidelines.

Materials/Methods

An online survey was distributed to members of the Canadian Rhinology Group of the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. The survey contained 44 questions, with 17 questions covering various topics related to criteria for initializing biologic therapy, investigations ordered prior to initialization of a biologic, and follow-up schedules. The responses were subsequently compared to clinical guidelines.

Results

Twenty-one physicians responded to the survey. One response was discarded for this analysis as the respondent did not prescribe biologics. The biologic agent of choice for the majority of physicians (85%) was Dupilumab (Dupixent). The most used patient-reported outcome measure used was the SNOT-22 (80%), and most physicians (90%) confirm that their patients have undergone adequate sinus surgery with a computed tomography (CT) scan prior to considering biologic therapy. Investigations ordered prior to therapy and follow-up schedules varied. Only 10% of respondents consistently refer their patients to a multidisciplinary clinic prior to prescribing biologics despite recommendations in guidelines, but 70% involve an allergist and/or a respirologist in the care of these patients.

Conclusions

Most respondents follow the recommendations made by the Canadian and international guidelines [European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS), European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases (EUFOREA)]. The lack of multidisciplinary clinics across the country could be contributing to the low number of physicians using this resource for their patients despite recommendations. As our knowledge about biologics and CRSwNP improves, and with updated guidelines recently published, this survey should be expanded and repeated in the future to revaluate biologic prescribing practices in Canada.
AI surveillance: Reclaiming privacy through informational control
Authors: Carter Christine
Published: December 2024

With the rise of algorithmic management, the deployment of AI surveillance has proliferated in the modern workplace. AI surveillance relies on advanced computational methods to draw statistical inferences about workers from their data. These inferences are subsequently used by employers to inform various organisational and managerial decisions. This commodifies workers into statistical entities, which objectifies and instrumentalises the value of human work as a series of data points for algorithmic analysis. The article explores how this transformation impacts the precarious role of privacy in the employment context, which already navigates the inherent informational imbalances that arise from the structural subordination of workers to employers and are further exasperated by AI surveillance. It focuses on the remedies of EU law that instantiate specific notions of informational control as a core ingredient to privacy and data protection. This involves consideration of the General Data Protection Regulation, as well as the jurisprudence of Articles 7 and 8 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights, and Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights. The article argues that a greater emphasis on workers’ informational control consolidates existing privacy protections and mitigates the systemic risks of data-driven commodification.
Global and regional trends and projections of chronic pain from 1990 to 2035: Analyses based on global burden of diseases study 2019
Authors: Zhu Mengyi , Zhang Jiarui , Liang Diefei , Qiu Junxiong , Fu Yuan , Zeng Zhaopei , Han Jingjun , Zheng Junmeng , Lin Liling
Published: December 2024

Background

Chronic pain poses a significant public health challenge. We present the global and regional data on Prevalence, Incidence and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) for Chronic pain from the Global burden of disease (GBD) study 2019 data and analyze their associations with Socio-demographic index (SDI), age, and gender, and the future trends from 2020 to 2035.

Methods

Regional trends in the burden of chronic pain and its association with age, gender, and SDI were assessed from 1990 to 2019. Joinpoint analysis was employed to describe trends in chronic pain burden across different SDI regions. Additionally, the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model (BAPC) was used for predicting future trends. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) of prevalence, incidence, and YLDs were employed to quantify the burden of chronic pain.

Results

Between 1990 and 2019, a significant increase was observed in global prevalence and YLDs rates of chronic pain. Higher rates were found among females, whereas a faster rise was noted among males. Notably, Low Back Pain (LBP) and Migraine accounted for predominant YLDs globally, particularly among those aged 75 and above. A notable prevalence of Tension-type Headache (TTH) was observed among younger populations. Furthermore, ASRs for chronic pain were highest in high-SDI regions. Projections suggest an increase in headache ASRs globally for both genders from 2020 to 2035.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2019, the global burden of chronic pain increased significantly, with projections indicating a continued rise in headache burden over the next 15 years, underscoring the need for heightened attention to these issues.
A rare presentation of glycogenic acanthosis on the lips: A case report
Authors: Ramadhan Abdullah , Chapman Erin , Chow Eunice Y
Published: December 2024

Glycogenic acanthosis (GA) is a benign, asymptomatic condition commonly found in the lower third of the esophagus. This case report presents a unique occurrence of GA on the lips of a 55-year-old male smoker, who exhibited asymptomatic white lesions on his upper and lower lips for many years. Physical examination revealed multiple white papules on the wet-dry vermilion border of the lips. Biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of GA, showing acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and glycogenesis without dysplasia. The rarity of GA on the lips underscores the need to consider it in the differential diagnosis of white papules on the lips. This report is the first to document GA’s histopathological features on the lips, highlighting its potential occurrence in atypical sites.
Who's asking me? Service user perspectives on safer injecting facilities
Authors: Salisbury Petra , Hill Darren
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses the topic of safer injecting facilities with those who are likely to use them. Whilst more countries are adopting this harm reduction strategy, which is widely acknowledged for reducing drug-related death and injury, the UK have been resistant to their implementation. This qualitative discussion paper reflects on the overwhelming global evidence around safer injecting facilities whilst also capturing the voice of those likely to use such facilities. Although there have been several evaluations from recently opened sites in both Australia and Canada, this paper's sole purpose was to have input directly from injecting drug users to help inform local policy and develop local service provision. This paper recognises that the best people to contribute to policy are those who are directly affected by the matter itself. This small and localised piece of research interviewed nine injecting drug users and four drug workers. However, the focus of this paper is to capture the views of those injecting rather than those supporting them. By using thematic analysis, their responses were interpreted and enabled us to recognise three main themes identified by the service users themselves: yes to safe injecting facility, chaos in the injecting community and more than just a clinic. There were points where each of these themes also raised concerns, not only about their own welfare but also that of the wider public. The service users showed insight and sensitivity regarding such a facility but offered pragmatic suggestions that could help shape any possible provision.
Designing the Inclusive Classroom Using Appreciative Inquiry
Authors: Ainsworth Dale , Suleiman Ahna Ballonoff , Heredia Alyx , Scott Sarah
Published: December 2024

Post-secondary institutions continue to attract a more diverse cadre of students. Yet, classroom dynamics can result in some students feeling excluded. BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color) students continue to lag behind their White counterparts in graduation rates. By creating more inclusive classrooms where students perceive a greater sense of belonging, students are motivated to remain in college. The purpose of this research was to have students identify classroom practices they felt instructors used that created an inclusive learning environment for diverse student populations. A convenience sample of twenty-nine students recruited from a college of health and human services, including a public health department, participated in an Appreciative Inquiry (AI) activity facilitated by their peers and faculty mentors. AI is a method that engages participants to identify practices that create positive outcomes so they can be built upon. Analysis of data revealed 26 practices instructors used to create inclusive classrooms, and five outcomes of these practices. These results are organized using Donabedian’s structure/process/outcome framework, where structure refers to the way a course and the classroom are set up and/or designed; process refers to the way instructors engage in teaching the course, and outcome refers to the results of the interaction of structure and processes. Instructors can benefit from incorporating recommended best practices to create and/or increase an inclusive learning environment.