bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global, Regional, and National Burdens of Hearing Loss for Children and Adolescents from 1990 to 2019: A Trend Analysis
Authors: Chen Kan , Yang Bo , Yue Xiaoyan , Mi He , Leng Jianjun , Li Lujie , Wang Haoyu , Lai Yaxin
Published: August 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of global, regional, and national trends in the burden of hearing loss (HL) among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Disease study. Over this period, there was a general decline in HL prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) globally, with average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) of −0.03% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], −0.04% to −0.01%; p = 0.001) and −0.23% (95% UI, −0.25% to −0.20%; p < 0.001). Males exhibited higher rates of HL prevalence and YLDs than females. Mild and moderate HL were the most common categories across all age groups, but the highest proportion of YLDs was associated with profound HL [22.23% (95% UI, 8.63%−57.53%)]. Among females aged 15−19 years, the prevalence and YLD rates for moderate HL rose, with AAPCs of 0.14% (95% UI, 0.06%−0.22%; p = 0.001) and 0.13% (95% UI, 0.08%−0.18%; p < 0.001). This increase is primarily attributed to age-related and other HL (such as environmental, lifestyle factors, and occupational noise exposure) and otitis media, highlighting the need for targeted research and interventions for this demographic. Southeast Asia and Western Sub-Saharan Africa bore the heaviest HL burden, while High-income North America showed lower HL prevalence and YLD rates but a slight increasing trend in recent years, with AAPCs of 0.13% (95% UI, 0.1%−0.16%; p < 0.001) and 0.08% (95% UI, 0.04% to 0.12%; p < 0.001). Additionally, the analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between sociodemographic index (SDI) and both HL prevalence ( r = −0.74; p < 0.001) and YLD ( r = −0.76; p < 0.001) rates. However, the changes in HL trends were not significantly correlated with SDI, suggesting that factors beyond economic development, such as policies and cultural practices, also affect HL. Despite the overall optimistic trend, this study emphasizes the continued need to focus on specific high-risk groups and regions to further reduce the HL burden and enhance the quality of life for affected children and adolescents.
Examining the Feasibility and Acceptability of Digital Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Dementia Care in Jordan: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Abdalrahim Asem , ALBashtawy Mohammed , Alkhawaldeh Abdullah , Ayed Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The use of technology to deliver psychosocial interventions such as cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) to individuals with dementia may improve their cognition and quality of life.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the participants’ experiences with digital CST in Jordanian care homes, as well as the acceptability of the digital CST intervention in Jordanian care homes and recommendations for refinement.

Methods

A qualitative study design and semistructured interviews were used to obtain data from 20 people with dementia and 12 care home staff who were purposefully selected. Data were analyzed thematically and comparatively to explore the experiences and outcomes of the participants. This study was conducted from February to April 2023.

Results

Analysis of care home staff and residents’ experiences revealed seven major themes: (a) personalized support and engagement, (b) positive impact on quality of life, (c) engagement and meaningful activities, (d) adaptable format and accessibility, (e) emotional connection and empowerment, (f) caregiver involvement and support, and (g) suggestions for improvement. The study's findings emphasize the necessity of tailored support, individualized difficulty levels, individualized material selection, emotional support, greater social connection, and caregiver participation in digital CST for people with dementia.

Conclusion

Using digital touchscreen technology to deliver CST content has shown potential improvements, making interventions simpler for staff and more beneficial for individuals with dementia, thereby enhancing cognition and quality of life.
Müllerian uterine malignancy associated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D mediated hypercalcemia- a rare occurrence
Authors: Pagan Santini Ricardo , Wanchoo Rimda , Jhaveri Kenar D
Published: August 2024

Hypercalcemia due to malignancy can have several causes. Vitamin D mediated hypercalcemia is rare in solid organ tumors. In this case report, we describe a patient diagnosed with Müllerian uterine malignancy who presented to the hospital exhibiting typical symptoms of hypercalcemia, including fatigue and constipation. Laboratory investigations revealed that the hypercalcemia was primarily driven by elevated levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Despite multiple interventions aimed at reducing the calcium levels, it remained elevated until chemotherapy was administered. This case highlights an unusual presentation of hypercalcemia associated with a solid tumor, specifically a Müllerian uterine malignancy, and underscores the complexities linked to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-induced hypercalcemia.
Debating the war in Ukraine: In defense of the conventional wisdom
Authors: Kimmage Michael
Published: August 2024

This essay responds to Gerard Toal’s arguments on the possibilities for diplomacy in the war in Ukraine. I suggest that Toal is correct in identifying current debate about policy options as less open-ended and wide-ranging than it could be, and than it should be. I do, however, contend that Toal minimizes the extent to which major figures in the field of foreign-policy analysis have advocated a negotiated settlement to the war. Continuing with this point, my response to Toal is that a negotiated settlement to the conflict has been impossible to find (so far) not because of the limited debates that are being held within the governments and among experts in the West but because Russia began the war with a set of radical aims - revolving around the evisceration of Ukrainian nationhood - and that these aims are still in effect. It would in theory be possible to accommodate these aims through negotiation - and through concessions - but this would amount to something like the piecemeal surrender of Ukraine to Russian control. I conclude by endorsing the conventional wisdom among Western policy makers, which is that Ukraine should be supported militarily for the long haul.
Co-learning approaches to talking and thinking about “peecycling”: Perspectives on communication, education, and practice
Authors: Opperman Shaina , Cavicchi Julia , Schreiber Tatiana , Hardin Rebecca
Published: August 2024

Narratives of linearity and control have driven conventional wastewater management and modern agriculture, resulting in widespread contamination and ecological damage. In response, a growing movement to reclaim the nutrient cycle emphasizes circularity and the entanglements between our bodies, the “shadow places” where our “waste” travels, and the ecosystems that sustain us. Parallel linear narratives of diffusionist knowledge dissemination have resulted in distrust between communities and scientists, but some researchers and practitioners are rebuilding trust through connections that emphasize accessibility, accountability, active learning and co-creation spanning rural and urban, campus, and civic contexts. From study sites in Vermont and Michigan, we explore urine recycling (or peecycling as some call it) as an example of both technological and pedagogical connections re-made, arguing that active learning methods can undergird engaged research. Urine recycling has the potential to foster curiosity about ecological interconnections and imaginative thinking about alternate infrastructural futures. Our evidence comes from interviews and focus groups, as well as participant observation at site-based interventions and in experiential learning contexts. We show that the advent of more circular economies, implemented with co-learning, advances both theory and practices of postmodern, and post–postmodern infrastructures. That is, rather than reinforcing a one-way flow of information that mirrors the linearity of conventional wastewater management, co-learning approaches—where scientists and practitioners are partners in generating knowledge and solutions—address the environmental, equity, and ethical aspects of reclaiming circular nutrient flows, transforming relationships between our bodies, waterways, and foodsheds.
ACL Repair: Rationale and When to Consider Over Reconstruction
Authors: Broome Jalen N. , Cherelstein Rachel E. , Chang Edward S.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) restoration has been divided into repair versus reconstructive approaches. We present an ACL repair using FiberTape sutures as an internal brace and an adjustable cortical button fixation on the femur.

Indications:

ACL rupture is a condition in which restoration is essential to regaining adequate knee function. ACL repair may be indicated in patients with an acute tear (<4 weeks), Sherman classification type I or II tear, 35 years old or older, and with a mild-to-moderate activity level.

Technique Description:

ACL tightrope repair initially requires identification of the ACL tear. Following, there is femoral wall preparation and the creation of a drill tunnel in the femoral and tibial walls. FiberRing sutures are passed through the intact portion of the ACL as many times as desired. An ACL Tightrope is then fed through the FiberRing sutures. The ACL Tightrope and cortical button are passed through the femoral tunnel. FiberTape sutures are passed through a tibial tunnel to act as an internal brace. Range of motion and tension is assessed and adjusted as needed.

Results:

Patients meeting indications for ACL repair and undergoing repair via Tightrope implants may have outcomes comparable to counterparts undergoing ACL reconstruction. Patient-completed functional knee scores, such as International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Lysholm, are similar between the 2 restoration techniques. However, younger patients undergoing an ACL repair appear to have a higher failure rate compared with reconstruction.

Conclusion:

ACL repair can be an adjuvant treatment option with acute femoral sided tears. Caution should be exercised when performing this procedure on younger, higher level athletes. In our technique, use of adjustable cortical button minimizes bone loss on femoral wall while providing adequate fixation.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Conflict Analytics: When Data Science Meets Dispute Resolution
Authors: Cohen Maxime C. , Dahan Samuel , Rule Colin
Published: August 2024

Maxime Cohen, Samuel Dahan, and Colin Rule explore how data science research sheds new light on dispute resolution, whether it be for a customer, insurance, trademark, or employment dispute. They argue that data-driven models must be trained using both legal cases and negotiation data. They also review the current limitations of data science in the legal field, where outcomes are not always predictable.
Don't Let the AI Hype Undermine Good Decision-making
Authors: Lavanchy Maude , Joshi Amit , Chevallier Arnaud
Published: August 2024

Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) is easier said than done! Maude Lavanchy, Amit Joshi, and Arnaud Chevallier describe the pitfalls managers should avoid when implementing AI and outline its strengths and weaknesses.
An Action Theory of the Project
Authors: Winch Graham M.
Published: August 2024

The theory of the temporary organization is paradigmatic in project organizing research but has had relatively little influence in organization research more generally. We argue that this theory needs to be developed to address why projects exist in addition to what they are. We make this argument by drawing on Cyert and March’s behavioral theory of the firm in shaping organization theory and pose an action theory of the project as its dynamic complement. This theoretical advance draws on Schütz’ distinction between action and behavior to bridge the theory of the temporary organization and the behavioral theory of the firm.
Design Thinking: A Tool for Creative Package Design
Authors: Bijitkar Swaraja , Anil Moule Anil
Published: August 2024

The primary function of packaging is protection; however, the conscience of consumers has increased with time and it now encompasses many important aspects like marketing and sustainability. Package design has thus become an extremely complicated topic. Traditional package designing methods involve mainly theoretical aspects and then hands-on practice methodology. However, design thinking has become a recent trend and today, from design students to package designers, all are using it as a tool for successful and innovative package design. Design thinking has a human-centred approach, follows a gradual and interactive prototyping process, and delivers solutions to many complex problems by collaborative and multidisciplinary approach.
Flood-induced buttertub spill reveals riverine macroplastic transport dynamics
Authors: Hauk Rahel , van der Ploeg Martine , Teuling Adriaan J. , de Winter Winnie , van Emmerik Tim H. M.
Published: August 2024

During the July 2021 European floods approximately eight million empty dairy packaging (buttertubs) were flushed from a dairy processing facility in Belgium into the Vesdre river. Some were transported further downstream, into the Ourthe river and eventually the Meuse river. There are many unknowns when it comes to plastic transport in rivers, especially in response to floods. We therefore used this incident as an unique opportunity to study these buttertubs as a tracer for plastic transport dynamics in a riverine environment in response to an extreme flood event. Normally, it is unknown when and where individual plastic items found on riverbanks entered the environment. In this case, however, the ID stamps on the buttertups allowed for them to be traced back to the flooding of the factory. We studied the transport and deposition of these buttertubs in the Dutch Meuse over 2 years following the flood. We also collected buttertubs at different points in time to investigate their fragmentation and mass loss. Within 3 weeks of the flood, the buttertubs were transported up to 328 km from the spilling location. Overall, the majority (78%) of buttertubs we found within the first 3 weeks were deposited within less than 100 km of the point of emission. Over the following 2 years, the mean transport distance of the found buttertubs moved downstream from 100 km in July/August 2021, to 153 km in July 2023. The buttertubs average transport velocity decreased from 11.7 km/d within the first 3 weeks, to 0.2 km/d by July 2023. Based on the 89 buttertubs we collected and analyzed in detail over the 2 years, we did not find a significant mass loss. Of all 89 buttertubs found, 47 showed cracks and only 12 appeared to have pieces missing. This study shows that even during extreme flood events, the majority of spilled plastic litter is retained within a limited distance after being emitted into the river. The findings of this study can be utilized to improve plastic transport modelling, and overall better understand plastic transport in the freshwater environment.
Shear strength parameters identification of loess interface based on borehole micro static cone penetration system
Authors: Lan Hengxing , Song Zhanting , Bao Han , Ma Yangfan , Yan Changgen , Liu Shijie , Wang Juntian
Published: August 2024

Background

Loess is prone to large deformation and flow slide due to natural and artificial interfaces inside. The strength of these interfaces controls the mechanical properties of loess. Obtaining their mechanical parameters through in-situ testing is essential for evaluating the mechanical stability in loess engineering with interfaces.

Methods

By developing a borehole micro static cone penetration system and creating various types of loess with interfaces, extensive borehole penetration model tests were conducted to observe changes in cone tip resistance during penetration. The response surface method was used to analyze the impact of various test conditions on the calculated resistance. A three-dimensional surface fitting method was employed to establish the relationship between penetration parameters and shear strength parameters, which was validated through in-situ testing.

Results

The developed borehole micro static cone penetration system achieves overall miniaturization while providing significant penetration power and ensuring an effective penetration distance. Cone tip resistance development during penetration can be divided into three stages: initial, rapid increase, and slow increase. The transition times between these stages vary for different soils. Calculated resistance is positively correlated with dry density and normal stress and negatively correlated with water content. A quadratic positive correlation was established between calculated resistance and shear strength parameters during penetration. In composite soils, the interaction between water content and normal stress is strong. Compared to intact soil samples, the shear strength parameters of composite soils are more prominently influenced by water content.

Conclusion

A system for testing interface mechanical parameters was innovatively developed, fulfilling the need to obtain interface shear strength parameters for deep soil. This study can provide support for ensuring the long-term stability of the loess slope or subgrade with interfaces.
Elevating Pakistan’s flood preparedness: a fuzzy multi-criteria decision making approach
Authors: Alam Zeshan , Ali Yousaf , Pamucar Dragan
Published: August 2024

In South Asia, Pakistan has a long and deadly history of floods that cause losses to various infrastructures, lives, and industries. This study aims to identify the most appropriate flood risk mitigation strategies that the government of Pakistan should adopt. The assessment of flood risk mitigation strategies in this study is based on certain criteria, which are analyzed using the fuzzy full consistency method. Moreover, flood risk mitigation strategies are evaluated by using the fuzzy weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method, considering previously prioritized criteria. According to the results, lack of governance, lack of funding and resources, and lack of flood control infrastructure are the most significant flood intensifying factors and act as major criteria for assessing flood risk mitigation strategies in Pakistan. Adopting hard engineering strategies (e.g., dams, reservoirs, river straightening and dredging, embankments, and flood relief channels), maintaining existing infrastructure, and adopting soft engineering strategies (flood plain zoning, comprehensive flood risk assessment, and sophisticated flood modeling) are identified as the top three flood risk mitigation strategies by the fuzzy WASPAS method. The highest weight (0.98) was assigned to the adoption of hard engineering strategies to mitigate flood risks. The study introduces a novel dimension by analyzing the real-time impact of the unprecedented 2022 floods, during which approximately one-third of the nation was submerged. This focus on a recent and highly significant event enhances the study’s relevance and contributes a unique perspective to the existing literature on flood risk management. The study recommends that the government of Pakistan should prioritize hard engineering strategies for effective flood risk mitigation. It also recommends that the government should incorporate these strategies in the national policy framework to reduce flood losses in the future.
Assessment of frontal lobe functions in a sample of male cannabis users currently in abstinence: correlations with duration of use and their functional outcomes
Authors: Tag-Eldeen El-Shimaa , Fahmy Magda , Anwar Khaled , Ibrahim Omneya
Published: August 2024

Background

Previous research literature reported different results regarding the long-term effects that cannabis use can exert on the frontal lobe neurocognitive functions of its users. Another body of research suggested that cannabis use negatively affects the person’s general level of occupational and psychosocial functioning consequently to these alterations. Some other research results did not support these findings. To date, it is still debatable whether chronic cannabis use triggers negative neurocognitive effects in chronic users even after a period of abstinence. Research data exploring consequent adverse outcomes on the general individual occupational and psychosocial functioning is not yet conclusive.

Results

We conducted this study to examine the residual neurocognitive effects of cannabis use, whether it is affected by duration of cannabis use before abstinence, and its relation to individual’s global assessment of functioning exhibited in the person’s occupational and social life whether it’s family or friends. Our sample comprised 80 male participants (18–45 years old) who were grouped into 4 groups (3 groups with different durations of use and a control group), with no significant difference between the four studied groups regarding age, education, and socioeconomic level. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to test the significance of differences in the distribution of total frontal lobe battery results and the general assessment of function scores using GAF scores between study groups. Post hoc testing was performed to adjust for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni method.

Conclusion

Data analysis showed that cannabis users experienced general functional disturbances that encompass impairments in social and occupational life aspects. These impairments in function are correlated with the presence of neurocognitive deficits even after a period of abstinence. Both having significant positive correlation with longer duration of cannabis use.
Targeting Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) as a signaling pathway in immune-mediated diseases: from molecular mechanisms to leading treatments
Authors: Tavakoli Gita Manzari , Yazdanpanah Niloufar , Rezaei Nima
Published: August 2024

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, plays a remarkable role in the transmission and amplification of extracellular signals to intracellular signaling pathways. Various types of cells use the BTK pathway to communicate, including hematopoietic cells particularly B cells and T cells. The BTK pathway plays a role in controlling the proliferation, survival, and functions of B cells as well as other myeloid cells. First, second, and third-generation BTK inhibitors are currently being evaluated for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases in addition to B cell malignancies. In this article, the available evidence on the action mechanisms of BTK inhibitors is reviewed. Then, the most recent data obtained from preclinical studies and ongoing clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, chronic spontaneous urticaria, atopic dermatitis, and asthma are discussed. In addition, adverse effects and complications associated with BTK inhibitors as well as factors predisposing patients to BTK inhibitors complications are discussed.
The analysis for fatigue caused by vibration of railway composite beam considering time-dependent effect
Authors: Gao Ce , Zhu Li , Han Bing , Zhang Cheng , Su Rui
Published: August 2024

The time-dependent effects in steel-concrete composite beam bridges can intensify track irregularities, subsequently leading to amplified train-bridge coupling vibrations. This phenomenon may increase the stress amplitudes in the bridge steel, thereby impacting the fatigue performance of the composite structures. This paper employs multiple rigid body dynamics to construct a high-speed train model and utilizes the finite element method to develop a steel-concrete composite beam element model that accounts for time-dependent effects, interfacial slip, and shear hysteresis. This approach enables the computational analysis of the train-bridge coupling system, facilitating an investigation into the influence of concrete’s time-dependent effects on the fatigue performance of railway steel-concrete composite bridges. Focusing on a 40-m simply supported composite bridge, the train-bridge coupling dynamic responses were computed for each operational year within a decade of the completion of construction. Applying the P-M linear fatigue damage accumulation theory, statistical analysis of stress history data across various operational periods was conducted to quantify the fatigue damage induced by a single eight-car high-speed train on the lower flange of the mid-span steel beam and the beam-end studs. The findings reveal that the beam-end studs sustain greater damage than the mid-span steel beam. Moreover, the detrimental impact of time-dependent effects diminishes with the increase of operational years. Notably, compared to the initial year, the fatigue damage to the lower flange of the mid-span steel beam by an eight-car train in the tenth year has surged by 39.3%. Conversely, the damage to the beam-end studs has decreased by 47.5%.
Empowering Disabled Voices: A Practical Guide for Methodological Shifts in Biology Education Research
Authors: Chasen Ariel , Pfeifer Mariel A.
Published: August 2024

This Research Methods Essay suggests strategies for applying DisCrit, a critical theoretical framework, in biology education research and creating Access and Equity Maps as tools researchers can use to foster inclusivity in the research process.
Later eating rhythm measured in children at 7 years of age in the ALSPAC cohort
Authors: Zou Mengxuan , Johnson Laura , Leary Sam , Ibacache Fuentes Francisca , Northstone Kate
Published: August 2024

Later eating rhythm (LER) refers to later timing, greater energy intake (EI), and higher frequency of eating occasions (meal/snack) in the evening. The significance of LER in child health is becoming increasingly recognised. However, the lack of consensus regarding definitions of LER make it challenging to fully comprehend its role. This data note describes LER variables derived in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), an ongoing birth cohort which enrolled 14,541 pregnant women living in Avon, UK, with an expected date of delivery between April 1991 - December 1992. When children were 7 years, parents completed a structured 3-day food diary, recording all foods/drinks consumed over 3 days (preferably 1 weekend day and 2 weekdays). Data was available for 7,285 children (50.1% response rate). A subsample of 4,869 children had exact time of eating occasions added to the existing database, which only included broad indications of eating timing based on 2-7 hour long meal slots. 13 LER variables were derived for the entire week and weekdays/weekend days separately. These comprise: 1) eating around individual bedtime (number days); 2) eating around average bedtime (number days); 3) time of evening main meal (hrs:mins); 4) time of last eating occasion (hrs:mins); 5) EI in the evening (percentage of total daily energy intake, %TDEI); 6) EI within 2hrs before bedtime (%TDEI); 7) EI for evening main meal (%TDEI); 8) EI for evening snacks (%TDEI); 9) Night eating1 (NE1): eating over 30% of total daily energy intake after 18:00 (number days); 10) NE2: eating over 25% of total daily energy intake within 2hrs before bedtime (number days); 11) eating frequency after 17:00 (number of eating occasions); 12) regularity of dinner (number of days); 13) frequency of evening snacks (number days). We describe the derivation, prevalence and inter-corelations between LER variables.
Overview of medical analysis capabilities in radiology of current Artificial Intelligence models
Authors: Kosiorowska Paulina , Pasieka Karolina , Perenc Helena , Majka Karolina , Krawczyk Kornelia , Pędras Marek , Kosar Michał , Korzonek Urszula , Kupniewski Kuba
Published: August 2024

Judgment is fundamental in medicine, particularly when combining complex data layers with detailed decision-making processes. Radiology processes present a distinct challenge for medical decisions due to the data amount and shortage in time and personnel capable of analyzing images.
Additionally, it's crucial to consider each patient's specific situation, including their current state and disease history. Despite advancements in technology, there are still significant hurdles in accurately analyzing radiology data. Radiographic assessments, which are predominantly based on visual inspections, could greatly benefit from enhanced computational analyses. Artificial intelligence (AI) in particular holds the potential to significantly improve the qualitative interpretation of imaging by medical experts - automating and even replacing some parts of their work. This article will be an overview of possibilities and challenges associated with introducing new technology into medical spaces. Doctors are struggling with time and it limits how much care they can show for each patient. The image can be marked for most important parts, AI can produce a more user friendly version of the description, suggesting what might be the problem for later human evaluation. Understanding the possibilities of automating or cutting down time spend by radiology experts on analyze will allow faster deliver of radiologic image description for doctors dealing with patient treatment.
Memoria si, monumento no
Authors: Icaro Paolo
Published: August 2024

Nelle pagine che seguono è riportato lo scritto del Maestro scultore Paolo Icaro inviato nel mese di aprile 2024 alla curatrice del numero, accompagnato dalle seguenti parole: «Cara Gentucca, allego dei fogli di appunti che mi sono serviti per sbozzare un'idea di paesaggio come luogo, in cui discutere sul "MM" monumento memoriale». Si è deciso di pubblicare i fogli nella versione originale, riportando all’inizio la trascrizione del testo.
Social work with unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young people: resisting the rhetoric
Authors: Hadwin Deborah , Singh Gurnam
Published: August 2024

This article addresses the complex dynamics surrounding unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in the UK. While states are legally bound to provide refuge under such treaties as the 1951 Refugee Convention, political considerations often lead to the implementation of social control mechanisms that may compromise the rights and dignity of displaced individuals. The most recent restrictive immigration legislation, which raises concerns about potential violations of the Refugee Convention, represents the latest in a long line from successive governments to reduce the number of people seeking asylum in the UK. Against this backdrop, drawing on original empirical research, this article offers insights into the unique challenges faced by social workers operating at the immigration–welfare nexus. Focusing on conflicts between control-orientated and welfare-driven practices, the article uncovers how social work is practised within this context. The binary distinctions between control-orientated or welfare-driven practitioners are unhelpful and unrealistic, with the reality much more complex.
Indigenous social infrastructures and affective experiences of resettlement in Hasankeyf town after the Ilısu Dam
Authors: Sönmez Cansu
Published: August 2024

This study draws attention to the role of urban redevelopment practices in shaping indigenous social infrastructures and community life in the post-displacement and resettlement period. From decolonial and relational perspectives, I explore how relations with social infrastructures change because of urban redevelopment practices following displacement and resettlement in Hasankeyf caused by the Ilısu Dam. To understand the relations between Indigenous resettlers and social infrastructures, I focus on residents’ lived experiences, practices and sense of belonging by examining the affective implications of the changes in the social infrastructures and affordances resulting from urban redevelopment practices (before and after the flooding of Hasankeyf in 2020 and resettlement in 2021). A mix of qualitative methods was used by combining a decolonial method of cuerpo-territorio, interviews and observations. The intertwining of the colonial framework with the practices of urban redevelopment in Turkey is evident in the process of the resettlement of Hasankeyf. The downplay of the reconstruction and protection of indigenous social infrastructures during urban redevelopment after the Ilısu Dam has damaged the sense of belonging, community relations, affective experiences, indigenous cultural practices and social development of the resettlers. I extend the understanding of indigenous social infrastructures in the social infrastructure literature introduced by Klinenberg and by Latham and Layton. I outline five key aspects that highlight the need for and importance of indigenous social infrastructures in the context of urban redevelopment through resettlement.
Tetrapod trackways from the Upper Devonian St. Finan's Sandstone Formation, southwest Kerry, Ireland
Authors: Higgs Kenneth T. , Meere Patrick A.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Tetrapod trackways are described for the first time from the Upper Devonian St. Finan's Sandstone Formation at Tooreen in St. Finan's Bay, southwest County Kerry. The St. Finan's Sandstone Formation is a 1,240m thick sandstone-dominated sequence that occurs in the middle part of the continental Old Red Sandstone Munster Basin succession. The trackways comprise 140 imprints that show variable depth and shape. This variability is attributed to changes in the firmness of the substrate and water depth along the length of the trackways. One of the trackways preserves an imprint with possible five-digit impressions and another displays a tapered elongated depression that is tentatively interpreted as a tetrapod body impression. Analysis of three trackways indicates they were made by a population of similar-sized tetrapods (just under 1m in length) that moved by lateral sequence walking. The trackways are preserved in a current-rippled and parallel-laminated sandstone sequence that was deposited on a flood plain bordering a river channel margin. A spore assemblage obtained from a mudstone within the trackway-bearing sequence is assigned to the Rugospora bricei - Cymbosporites acanthaceus BA Biozone, which biostratigraphically dates the trackway as Upper Devonian (mid Frasnian) in age. The Tooreen tetrapod trackways are very similar in size, spatial arrangement and palaeoenvironment to those recorded from the older Middle Devonian (Givetian) Valentia Slate Formation that occur nearby on Valentia Island. This new evidence extends the geographic and geological range of these ichnological datasets and provides a better understanding of the early stages of colonisation of continental (terrestrial) environments by Devonian tetrapods.
A Pennsylvanian echinoid from County Clare, western Ireland
Authors: Donovan Stephen K. , Doyle Eamon N.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The Lower Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) echinoderm fauna of Co. Clare, hitherto limited to the crinoids, now includes a primitive echinoid, echinoid gen. et sp. indet. The Paleozoic echinoids of the UK and Ireland are somewhat poorly known due to their common imperfect preservation, so any new specimen from a hitherto depauperate stratigraphic interval is welcome. The specimen is from near the base of the Kilkee Cyclothem of the Central Clare Group (Kinderscoutian; Bashkirian). It is incomplete and collapsed, preserving test plates and slender radioles. It is the first Pennsylvanian echinoid to be reported from Ireland.
Combining ability analysis of Cucurbita moschata D. in Côte d’Ivoire and classification of promising lines based on their gca effects
Authors: KOUAGO Badié Arnaud , SEKA Dagou , BROU Kouakou Fulgence , BONNY Beket Severin , KOFFI Konan Henri Joel , ADJOUMANI Koffi , SIE Raoul Sylvère
Published: August 2024

Cucurbita moschata varieties grown in Africa have very low yield. They have been neglected, and totally ignored in agricultural research programs. However, interest in their fruits, seeds, flowers and leaves is growing nowadays due to their nutritional and medicinal potentials. That growing interest has prompted plant breeders and agronomists to develop research programs for their improvement. A complete diallel cross analysis of four parental lines, Long, Zouan-H, Oval, and Soubre and their twelve F1 hybrids, was carried out in a farming environment at the University Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. The four parental lines and the F1 hybrids were evaluated for their general performances, combining abilities, potency ratio and heterosis effects. The investigated traits included plant height, and eleven fruit- and seed-related characters. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all traits studied. In addition, the diallel model yielded highly significant gca effects of the female parents. The gca effects of the male parents were significant for all traits except plant height, length of the fruit, width of the fruit and length of the seed. Highly significant sca effects were observed in the crosses for all the traits. Strong maternal effects were observed for the weight and diameter of the fruit, weight of the pulp, number of seeds per fruit, weight of the fresh seeds and 100-seed weight. The general predictive ratio approached the value 1 for all the traits except weight of the fresh seed and width of the dry seed. Most of the characters under this study are predominantly determined by the effects of additive genes. But, weight of the fresh seed and width of the dry seed may be controlled by non-additive genes. Mid-parent heterosis was significant for all measured traits in the crosses, except the length of the fruit. And better-parent heterosis was significant for all traits except plant height, number of fruits per plant and length of the fruit. Gene expression is described by a super-dominance for many traits, and partial dominance for some other traits in all twelve F1 hybrids. Classification of the parental lines based on the effects of their general combining ability grouped the Soubre lines as promising contributors to fruit yield. The parental lines Long and Oval formed another group likely on the basis of the small size of their fruits, the small pulps, the smaller number of fruits per plant and the large number of seeds per fruit. However, Long would be a candidate parent for the development of cultivars with longer vegetative growth. The parental line Zouan-H formed the third group and it was mostly characterized by its large number of seeds per fruit and relatively large fruits.
Beyond broad and narrow: Intermediate level traits in the personality of bridge players
Authors: Sauvain Camille , Ventos Véronique , Sackur Jérôme
Published: August 2024

Games offer a unique context for studying human behavior within the realm of social interactions, where a crucial aspect is the role of personality. The personality of individuals is often conceptualized as divided between general traits (broad traits) that are difficult to apply to specific situations and highly specific traits (narrow traits) that only offer a partial depiction of contextual aspects. In this study, we propose an intermediary level of traits revealed through self-ratings (as broad traits), but defined with respect to a particular game context (as narrow traits). We focus on the popular game of Bridge, which is complex and similar to real-life interactions involving incomplete information, adversarial and cooperative concerns, and communication between players. Using a multidimensional analysis of a new 66-item Bridge Inventory survey completed by 1,300 players, we identified five factors (Aggressiveness, Discipline, Creativity, Emotionality, and Experience) that were meaningfully correlated with broad traits of the Five Factor Model (FFM), supporting their validity. Based on these game-related traits, we identified three types of Bridge players: Conventional, Measured, and Subversive and demonstrated the limitations of FFM traits in capturing nuances of player types. The results of our study highlight a discrepancy between broad, context-independent personality traits and narrow, game-specific traits. We propose that this gap can be bridged through self-ratings, revealing a set of intermediate-level, context-dependent traits, which are expected to better encompass interindividual variability in the context of social interactions.
Technology in farming: Unleashing farmers’ behavioral intention for the adoption of agriculture 5.0
Authors: Mishra Nitesh , Bhandari Nabin , Maraseni Tek , Devkota Niranjan , Khanal Ghanashyam , Bhusal Biswash , Basyal Devid Kumar , Paudel Udaya Raj , Danuwar Ranjana Kumari
Published: August 2024

The agriculture sector has undergone a remarkable revolution known as Agriculture 5.0 (Ag 5.0), emphasizing digital technology to boost efficiency and profitability of farm business. However, little is known about farmers’ behavioral intension to adopt Ag 5.0. In this study we examine factors influencing farmer’s behavioral intension for Agriculture 5.0, identify implementation obstacles and provide managerial solutions to promote Ag 5.0 in Madhesh Province, Nepal, using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Structural Equation Model (SEM). We tested total of 20 different hypotheses. Primary data were collected from 271 farmers across 9 municipalities in Saptari District, Nepal. The study reveals that technology anxiety [(β = 0.101, p<0.01); (β = 0.188, p<0.01)], self-efficacy [(β = 0.312, p<0.01, (β = 0.170, p<0.05)] and social influence [(β = 0.411, p<0.01), (β = 0.170, p<0.05)] significantly impact the perceived usefulness as well as perceived ease of use, respectively. Individual innovativeness also affects the perceived usefulness (β = 0.004, p<0.05) and perceived ease of use (β = 0.281, p<0.01). Moreover, the study found that attitude towards using Ag 5.0 is significantly influenced by perceived usefulness (β = 0.083, p<0.10) and ease of use (β = 0.189, p<0.01), which, in turn, affects the intention to use Ag 5.0 (β = 0.858, p<0.01). Farmers perceive training programs, government assistance, and subsidies as helpful in overcoming challenges associated with adopting Ag 5.0. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, development partners, and farmers’ organizations, enabling them to understand the factors influencing the readiness for Ag 5.0 adoption in Nepal.
Análisis de la reincidencia e historia criminal en acosadores sexuales de menores
Authors: Diaz Israel , Vizcaíno Rakosnik Marta
Published: August 2024

El acoso sexual a menores a través de las TIC viene experimentando en los últimos años un constante incremento en las estadísticas delictivas españolas. El presente estudio ha comparado historia criminal y reincidencia de tres muestras de detenidos por delitos de acoso sexual a menores a través de las TIC, que se han clasificado en función de la intencionalidad del autor del delito: contacto físico con el niño, obtención de material sexual y casos duales. El objetivo principal es establecer conclusiones sobre si estas tres muestras están compuestas por individuos con similar actividad criminal.
Los resultados muestran que los buscadores de material sexual tienen mayor incidencia criminal tanto en los delitos sexuales como no sexuales. Cuando tenemos en cuenta la gravedad de los mismos, cometen más delitos la muestra de detenidos por buscar un contacto físico con el menor. Los buscadores de imágenes tienden a cometer más delitos de consumo de material sexual infantil, mientras que los buscadores de contacto delinquen más en agresiones sexuales contra los menores. Los individuos duales, tienen altos porcentajes generales de comisión de delitos.
La doctrina judicial en torno al accidente laboral de los teletrabajadores: un ejercicio de extrapolación
Authors: López Fernández Rubén
Published: August 2024

El progreso de las TIC está revolucionando el mundo del trabajo hasta límites impensables hace apenas un par de décadas. La consolidación del teletrabajo es un hecho irreversible, y sorprende que ni la LTD, ni la LGSS ni ninguna otra hayan dispuesto elementos específicos de protección social para esta tipología tan particular de prestación de servicios. En este estudio se quiere analizar la que se considera la ausencia más notable en estos menesteres: un concepto adaptado de accidente laboral, habida cuenta de lo especial de sus aspectos temporal y locativo, que ya de por sí conllevan variadas interrogantes. Así las cosas, la doctrina judicial se está viendo obligada a resolver haciendo un ejercicio de extrapolación de las líneas interpretativas que el Tribunal Supremo ha desplegado sobre la accidentalidad sufrida por trabajadores presenciales. No obstante, y como derivación lógica, surge la pregunta de si todos los criterios empleados para resolver supuestos de siniestros tradicionales sirven también para el domicilio del teletrabajador, en tanto que territorio excluible al control patronal, a la labor de los servicios de prevención e incluso a la Inspección de Trabajo. Y, tirando de este hilo, cabe también cuestionarse si se debe extender la presunción de laboralidad, lo edificado sobre el accidente in itinere, sobre el accidente en misión o sobre la lesión cardiovascular a las cuatro paredes del hogar de la persona trabajadora. Aquí se recogen, pues, las respuestas que ha dado el intérprete judicial a las interrogantes que ya le han salido al paso, y para las que aún no ha tenido que abordar hay que conformarse, por el momento, con las conjeturas expuestas por los autores que han estudiado el tema con anterioridad.
Circuits for anesthesia, unawareness, OIRD, sleep and memory replay:

MHb→IPN→ PAG + DRN + MRN→claustrum→ cortical slow-waves.
Authors: Vadovičová Karin
Published: August 2024

Opiates are fast pain relievers that can cause respiratory arrest. I show new mechanisms how mu-opioids and high prenatal nicotine cause respiratory slowdown linked to slow wave sleep. Mu-opioids activate the medial habenula which activates the interpeduncular nucleus. The MHb-IPN system decreases respiration and alarm/arousal response to hypercapnia by projections to PAG, DRN, MRN and MRN→LPO→RMTg→vPAG. The same MHb-IPN circuit that causes respiratory slowdown, likely causes ventilatory deficits in mammalian neonates, known as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), linked to high fetal nicotine intake. Natural slowdown of respiration and heart rate is caused by slow wave sleep, when body is not moving. The MHb and rostromedial tegmental nucleus are known for high amount of mu-opioid receptors. Both were claimed to be activated by the MHb→IPN→MRN circuit that activates serotonin release, promotes slow SWS, rest, immune defense, recovery, sharp wave ripples, cortical spindles, replay of temporaly, spatialy and relationally bound memories, synaptogenesis, BDNF linked growth and DG neurogenesis, but inhibits theta states, arousal, alert wakefulness, awareness and REM sleep linked circuits (Vadovičová, 2015).This updated circuit model explains role of the MHb→IPN→MRN→hippocampus + claustrum→cortical slow wave activity (SWA) in anesthesia, memory replay, loss of awareness, SWS and in theta states suppression. I proposed new mechanisms for anesthetic ketamine effect: activation of the IPN→MRN→claustrum→cortical SWA circuit by the 5-HT2a IPN and claustrum receptors. I show why are ketamine and hallucinogens anxiolytic and antidepressant, andhow activation of 5-HT2a receptors in vACC/infralimbic cortex increases the safety, well-beingsignal, and cognitive flexibility.