bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Priority directions of the energy sector development in the Republic of Turkey
Authors: Luskatova O. V. , Eyvazov R. A. , Haytanova M. M.
Published: October 2019

The impact of renewable energy sources on the national economy of the countries across the world will only increase in the near future. It is linked both with the policy of reducing the dependence on imported sources and the opportunities offered by alternative power. Having great prospects for using renewable energy sources in power generation, Turkey has been implementing coherent policy in this field. The article deals with the energy policy Republic of Turkey, analyzes its legislation, studies the trends in the alternative energy sector development as well as the current situation in the domestic power generation.
Method of implementation of independent risk evaluation and internal control
Authors: Musaeva R. A. , Tikhonova R. U. , Yevstigneeva L. M. , Nigmatzyanova L. R. , Derbeneva A. A.
Published: October 2019

Internal control in accordance with international and federal standards is a process that is organized and implemented by the management of an enterprise, its employees and representatives of the owner. Model of development of the internal control system.
UV, visible and IR active media based on scheelite-type and colquiriite-type fluoride crystals
Authors: Semashko Vadim , Naumov Alexander , Nizamutdinov Alexey , Korableva Stella , Marisov Michail , Shavelev Alexey
Published: October 2019

The experimental results of applying crystal-chemical methods aimed to improving the spectral-kinetic properties of active media based on fluoride crystals with scheelite (LiY1-xLuF4) and colquiriite (LiCa1-xAlF6) structures doped by rare-earth (Ce3+ and Pr3+) and Cr3+ ions are discussed. The energetic and spectral characteristics of lasers based on the active media are presented. The special attention is focused on the prospects of using these lasers in the task of optosensorics, biomedicine, and security systems.
Temperature dependence of singlet oxygen generation by different photosensitizers
Authors: Starukhin Aleksander , Gorski Aleksander , Dobkowski Jacek
Published: October 2019

The temperature dependences of the lifetimes and the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation for a set of compounds (porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, porphycene, terrylene etc.) has been measured and characterized. Based on the character of the temperature dependence of singlet oxygen generation for metalloporphyrins and porphycene it was assumed a possibility of creation a complex between organic moieties and molecular oxygen. Singlet oxygen generation of terrylene with the quantum yield of 22% was recorded in toluene at ambient temperature.
Rapid method of recording transmission spectra of pumped active media samples
Authors: Lovchev A.V. , Naumov A.K. , Aglyamov R.D. , Tselischeva E. Yu.
Published: October 2019

The application of the phenomenon of a laser-induced spark for spectroscopy is described. The characteristics of such a light source, its advantages are given. Examples of using the source in real experiments on measuring absorption from the excited state of various materials are given.
Spectral-spatial structure of the high-power laser diodes radiation during their operation
Authors: Bliznyuk Vladimir , Koval Olga , Parshin Vasiliy , Rzhanov Alexey , Tarasov Alexander , Grigoriev Vladislav
Published: October 2019

The emission spectra of high-power laser diodes in the process of exploitation at different pump currents and the relationship of these spectra with the spatial structure of the field are considered. The field in laser diodes with a wide contact splits into several independent channels corresponding to the components of the radiation frequency spectrum. It is established that the number of channels and the corresponding number of spectral components of laser diode radiation increases during operation.
Fiber Bragg grating fabrication by femtosecond laser radiation
Authors: Chernikov Anton , Kochuev Dmitriy , Khorkov Kirill , Chkalov Ruslan , Davydov Nikolay
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the results of fiber Bragg gratings fabrication by femtosecond laser radiation using point-by-point and line-by-line inscription methods. The approach makes it possible to fabricate the second and higher diffraction orders fiber Bragg gratings, which can be used as sensitive elements of fiber-optic sensors.
Two-dimensional few cycle optical pulses inside a carbon nanotubes photonic crystal
Authors: Dvuzhilova Yulia V. , Dvuzhilov Ilya S. , Belonenko Mikhail B.
Published: October 2019

We have considered the problem of evolution of the two-dimensional few cycle optical pulses (FCOP) inside a photonic crystal made of carbon nanotubes. It has been shown that pulse propagation is stable inside the considered environment and it is possible to control and to change the velocity of the pulse propagation by photonic crystal parameters changing.
Prospective visible laser active media based on disordered fluorite-type structure crystals
Authors: Morozov Oleg , Kuznetsov Sergey , Konyushkin Vasiliy , Nakladov Andrey , Nizamitdinov Alexey , Fedorov Pavel , Semashko Vadim
Published: October 2019

The synthesis conditions and the results of spectral-kinetic studies of disordered crystals series CaF2-LaF3-PrF3 with variable chemical composition are presented. The prospects of using these crystals as active media for the visible spectral range DPSS laser pumped by InGaN (GaN) laser diodes and operating on 4f-4f transitions of Pr3+ ions are discussed.
The xenon hyperpolarization by alexandrite laser spin exchange optical pumping
Authors: Putilov Alexey , Antipov Alexandr , Shepelev Alexandr
Published: October 2019

This paper shows the possibility of the use of a solid-state alexandrite laser as a radiation source for the method of spin-exchange optical pumping of noble gases (xenon, krypton). The use of dispersive optical elements in the laser cavity will allows the adjusting of the radiation wavelength exactly in the rubidium spectral absorption lines 794.7 nm and 780 nm. To obtain a hyperpolarized state of noble gases, it is necessary to excite rubidium atoms for further spin-exchange process with the noble gas nuclei. This fact will allow the increasing of the magnetic resonance imaging contrast in the field of diagnosis of respiratory organs diseases.
Two-dimensional ultra-short optical pulses in carbon nanotubes with acoustic field
Authors: Skvortsov Dmitry , Konobeeva Natalia , Zaporotskova Irina , Belonenko Mikhail
Published: October 2019

We investigate the dynamics of ultra-short optical pulses in carbon nanotubes under the influence of an acoustic field in two-dimensional geometry. We obtain an effective equation for the vector potential of the electromagnetic field, taking into account the stress field described in the framework of the gauge theory. And, we study the effects, which observed with a change of the magnitude of the external strain.
Linguistic Expression of the Social Stratification of Chinese Urban Society
Authors: Kotelnikova Nadezhda , Bakumova Elena
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the article is to consider newly-emerging Chinese nominations of social groups, largely reflecting the development trends of modern Chinese urban society. The investigation is done from the perspective of urban communication studies. The social structure of the modern Chinese urban space is a self-developing system, the transformation processes of which are determined by many social and economic factors. Consequently, the dynamic social modernization of Chinese megacities is undoubtedly reflected in the vocabulary, the most susceptible to any changes in the life of society. This is manifested in a significant expansion of the semantic class of words associated with social stratification. The material for this study was neologisms, which denote social groups differentiated according to their life style. As a result, recent appearance of a large number of such neologisms in Chinese speaks about the dynamics of changes in modern Chinese urban society, about diversifying the lifestyles of citizens. All of the neologisms under consideration, having first emerged in the Internet, became widespread in Chinese society due to their active use of the media, which are the first to respond to changes in the development of society, contribute to the assessment of the surrounding reality, introduce new concepts and names of phenomena into a wide circulation. The new nominations of social groups are distinguished on the basis of the life-style criterion reflect transformations in the lifestyle of modern citizens, based on changes not only in socio-economic conditions, but also in mentality, as well as value orientations. The study of these lexical units allows us to trace the influence of the processes of globalization, modernization and urbanization on modern Chinese urban society, to identify the main trends in its development.
Combination of Federal State Educational Standards and Professional Standards, Portfolio of Students
Authors: Goryunova Mariya
Published: October 2019

The author examines how federal state educational standards of higher education (FSES-HE) and professional standards can be combined. Methods of assessing the effectiveness of students' research activities through the electronic portfolio of students are being developed. The information about the existing forms of organization of research activities of students of bachelor's, specialist's and master's degree programs at the university, the requirements for the effectiveness of research work at each educational level were analyzed. The main result of the work is the positioning of the electronic student portfolio as a modern effective means of monitoring his educational achievements which allow assessing the acquisition of professional competencies by the student, solving the problems of organization, planning, implementation and qualitative/quantitative evaluation of his research activities implemented within the educational process. Pedagogical monitoring is characterized as a modern means of control and evaluating the effectiveness of research activities, ensuring the efficiency and availability of information. The principles of purposefulness and prognostication, objectivity, integrity and continuity, development and self-organization, systematic and consistent implementation of pedagogical monitoring are revealed. The relevance of score-rating evaluation of the effectiveness of research activities of students as the most adequate and demonstrative system for assessing the success of each student in scientific work is substantiated. It is concluded about the stimulating impact on regular pedagogical monitoring of research activities performed through the electronic portfolio of students.
Experience of distance education implementation
Authors: Guseynova Elena
Published: October 2019

The article substantiates the relevance of distance education development in the Russian Federation and in the world in general. The positive aspects of this type of training are also described. The article describes the experience of implementing distance education on the basis of the Moodle system in Ufa State Oil Technical University at the Department of Mechanics and Engineering Technology. The gained experience can be used when training specialists who are going to develop information technologies of automated engineering.
Dynamics of physical fitness of students of Kurgan State University in the RLD system
Authors: Lovygina Oksana , Botova Irina , Dmitry Koryukin , Grebenshchikova Nina
Published: October 2019

The article presents the results of observations of the general physical fitness of male students of Kurgan State University. Deterioration of the physical fitness was observed in the 2011 - 2012 academic year. In the subsequent academic years, there were changes in the general physical fitness of male students. The article shows that since 2013 the physical fitness as an external feature of body functions has improved.
The ‘I’ of the author and its persuasive function (as exemplified by the complex sentence with homogeneously collateral sub clauses)
Authors: Nikolenko Olga , Zakharchu Olga , Babakova Larisa , Morenko Boris
Published: October 2019

What makes this study topical: the urgency of the problem under consideration is due to the existing need for structural and semantic analysis of complex sentences (CS) with homogeneously collateral subordination of clauses, in different functional styles of speech and language. Our study is directed towards revealing the ability of syntaxemes with homogeneously collateral subordination to render hidden meanings of the author‘s ‘I’ and to thereby affect the reader/hearer. The cornerstone research method in this study is direct observation of language phenomena with generous borrowings from transformational analysis; it allows us to assert that the multi-component sentences under scrutiny here possess powerful expressive potential and can better than any other render additional information, thereby giving a strongly suggestive focus to an utterance or statement. In this paper, for the first time in the history of linguistics, we reveal how CS with homogeneously collateral subordination of sub clauses work in all functional styles. We also define cognitive boundaries within which takes place the choice between such multi-component structures in the process of language activity, with concern for how the ‘I’ of the author affects the addressee.
Metaphysical Language Game and the Word-play Modality in V.Nabokov’s Novelism and Poetry
Authors: Proudchenko Elena , Melnikoa Ludmila , Kryzhanovskaja Anna
Published: October 2019

This article discusses the unique linguistic consciousness of V. Nabokov, formed in a multilingual environment. The method of philosophical interpretation of the text was used in V. Nabokov’s works analysis. It is revealed that in the multicultural environment V. Nabokov created an artful, nonstandard language by means of the original language game and word making and affecting, perhaps unconsciously, the logical and philosophical concept of Wittgenstein’s “language game”. The language of V. Nabokov’s poetry is defined as a way to destroy the experienced, but unwittingly resurrected, i.e., what can be considered experience and memories, and at the same time self-creation through poetry.However, early criticism of Nabokov-Sirin’s poetry is rather skeptical about the author’s ability to touch or express etaphysical aspects of life.
Social networks as an educational resource
Authors: Tomyuk Olga , Dyachkov Margarita , Shutaleva Anna , Fayustov Alexey , Leonenko Evgenia
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the problem of the use of social networks as an educational resource as a necessary aid for learning. Interest in this problem is caused by a high degree of involvement in the information space through social networks of precisely young people. The purpose of this article is to examine the problem of directly applying popular social networks in the educational process of a university. The subject of the study is social networks and their capabilities as an educational resource. The article based on the analysis of the research results revealed an educational resource of social networks. The educational resource of social networks consists of the fact that various programs and projects are being implemented through social networks, including individual trajectories of development of students based on individual educational programs. The inclusion of social networks in the educational process provides a wide popularization of cultural and national traditions, the involvement of students in creative activities, the creation of conditions for their self-education, career development. The authors of the article explore the possibilities of using modern educational technologies when social networks are included in the educational process on the examples of debates, social design, a forum, and new information technologies. In order to engage students in a virtual educational environment, a coordinator is needed, who has the necessary competencies, who own effective methods for carrying out this type of activity. The authors of the article justify the need for the direct use of social resources on the Internet in education.
The attitudes of students to family and children: comparison of data for 2013 and 2019
Authors: Sivrikova Nadezhda , Kharlanova Elena , Sokolova Nadezhda , Vasilyeva Viktoria , Roslyakova Svetlana , Sidorenko Nadezhda
Published: October 2019

The research into students' family values and attitudes is presented in the article. The authors compare the results of the polls which were taking place in 2013 and 2019 in Chelyabinsk. The general selection for the research was 174 persons (17-23-year-olds). 91 students (in 2013) and 83 students (in 2019) participated in the questionnaire. The results of the research have confirmed the tendencies to a decrease in the importance of the family as values found earlier among young people in Russia. It has been established that marriage as students view it is becoming freer from obligations, but it assumes reproduction in the form of the birth of children. The attitudes to the creation of their own family with two children in the long-term remain among students. Modern students want to build the relationship with the spouse as equals and to share obligations for children's upbringing between the husband and the wife. They consider that the age of 20 – 30 is an optimum one for marriage and becoming a parent. The results of the research allow predicting the whole complex of demographic problems whose reasons are the decrease in the importance of the family; the decrease in the orientation to the parental family as a role model; the acceptance and approval of civil marriages.
Humanistic technologies of support of educational processes: the paradoxes of management and self-realization
Authors: Utkina Antonina , Logunova Larisa , Kovalenok Yana , Ushakov Dmitry
Published: October 2019

The feeling of lack of happiness, the joy of socializing within the walls of educational institutions determine the paradox of modern learning. Filling out forms, following instructions, complying with «indicators» make it impossible for a person to show such feelings. Joy and well-being in the process of transferring social experience, defining the meanings and forms of this process in the situation of mass reforms and innovations in the field of education are the research problem to which the article is devoted. The authors believe that the paradox of incompatibility of management and self-realization processes in educational institutions is solved through the use of humanistic technologies accompanying professional activities. Such technologies provide a thrifty context for working with personnel, suggest humanistic grounds for developing measurement criteria, take into account experience and feelings of participants in the process, focus on the effect of teacher-student interaction. The understanding of the dependence of well-being and happiness on professional success was formed. A person's desire to become a professional correlates with the possibility of achieving social well-being. The pedagogical profession, revealing to a person a range of possibilities for realizing the potential of his personality, provides an opportunity to achieve the desired well-being and happiness.
Activation of the cognitive activity of students of a technical university through the individualization of education
Authors: Yagafarova Khafiza , Kamennaya Evgeniya
Published: October 2019

To adapt to work activity, find a creative approach to changes in the job market, it is necessary to have high-quality training of a technical university graduate. This article presents possible ways to solve problems of identifying overt and hidden talents, extraordinary abilities and creative thinking of students. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the motivating aspects of the cognitive activity ofstudents through the individualization of education in the modern educational system of the higher technical university. The data on the participation of students of the Branch of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University in the city of Oktyabrsky in the Open International Student Disciplinary Internet Olympiads are given. The issues of enhancing students’ cognitive activity through the identification of individual intellectual abilities of each student are covered. The analysis of the results of Internet Olympiads for the period from 2012 to 2018 in the disciplines of various cycles was carried out, changes in quantitative and qualitative indicators in fifteen disciplines in the profile “Technique and Technology” were revealed, the possibilities of improving the efficiency of preparing students ofhigher educational institutions for scientific activities were shown.
Network community: means of intercultural communication in teaching foreign languages
Authors: Yelashkina Natalya Victorovna , Sivtseva Natalia Gennadievna , Zagraiskaya Yulia Stanislavovna
Published: October 2019

The article is an attempt to study the issues relating to the nature, purpose, development, functioning and use of a community in teaching foreign languages in a non-linguistic university by means of telecommunication technologies. To determine specific characteristics of a community, which functions within the context of educational activities while mastering foreign language communication, the authors analyzed the existing scientific research and its interpretation. The result of the analysis is clarification of the strategy of developing a community, as well as of its role and place in the intercultural dialogue. The authors argue that the lack of sufficiently developed skills ensuring the efficiency of students' intercultural interaction in the field of foreign language communication requires the usage of both modern educational tools and up-to-date social, behavioral realias in the methodology of teaching foreign languages. The article describes the specificity of the term “community” and the purpose of developing it. The authors show that, currently, experts in various fields use a community as their main strategy. When teaching foreign languages, the fact that students’ foreign language communication in a network community is a necessary condition of the cross-cultural competence development seems extremely significant
Fulminante Laktatazidose bei kokaininduziertem agitiertem Delir
Authors: Wellershoff Gerald
Published: October 2019

Das agitierte Delir ist ein medizinischer Notfall mit signifikanter Mortalität. Schwere Laktatazidosen bei Patienten, die gegen eine Fixierung kämpfen, wurden beschrieben. Die vorliegende Kasuistik präsentiert eine fulminante Laktatazidose (initialer pH 6,58) im Rahmen eines kokaininduzierten Delirs. Klinische Symptomatik, pathophysiologische Erklärungsansätze und Hinweise zur Therapie werden erläutert.
The Rich Get Richer: Osseous Chimeric Versatility to the Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Authors: Yu Jason W. , Frey Jordan D. , Thanik Vishal D. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. , Levine Jamie P.
Published: October 2019

Background The lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) system, which supplies the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap territory, offers a plethora of tissue types for composite, functional reconstruction. However, the ability to include a reliable and flexible osseous component is limited. Based on cadaveric dissections, we describe an isolated LFCA branch to the femur separate from the vastus intermedius that can be included in ALT flap harvest in cases requiring bony reconstruction.

Methods Cadaveric dissection was undertaken to define the LFCA vascular system with specific dissection of the proximal branches of the descending branch of the LFCA (db-LFCA) to define any muscular, periosteal, and/or osseous branches to the femur.

Results Six thighs in four cadavers were dissected. Consistent in all specimens, there was an isolated branch extending distally, medially, and posteriorly from the proximal LFCA and entering the periosteum of the femur. In five specimens, the identified branch to the femur was located approximately 1-cm distal to the rectus femoris branch of the LFCA and approximately 1-cm proximal to a separate branch entering and supplying the vastus intermedius. In one specimen, there was a common trunk. The length of this branch from the origin at the LFCA to insertion into the femoral periosteum was approximately 6 to 8 cm.

Conclusion There appears to be a consistent and reliable branch to the femur based on the proximal LFCA that may be included in ALT flap harvest, adding even more versatility, as another option in complex cases requiring composite reconstruction, including bone.
33.1.14.3 3,4-Dihydro-2H-thiopyrans and Derivatives (Update 2019)
Authors: Witt D.
Published: October 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 33.1.14) describing methods for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyrans and their derivatives. The most common routes to 2H-thiopyrans, 4H-thiopyrans, 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyrans, 4H-1-benzothiopyrans, 1H-2-benzothiopyrans, 2H-1-benzothiopyrans, and their derivatives are based on ring-closure reactions, ring transformation, elimination process, and the elaboration of substituents attached to the thiopyran ring.
Stimulated Raman backscattering amplification with a low-intensity pump
Authors: Wu Z. , Chen Q. , Morozov A. , Suckewer S.
Published: October 2019

The efficiency transfer from the pump to the seed of stimulated Raman backscattering in plasma was optimized at a pump intensity below 1014 W/cm2. Two ways were employed to obtain high-quality but low-intensity pump beams. First, the pump focus was moved away from the plasma entrance to optimize guiding the uniform part of the beam in the plasma channel. The seed was amplified from 50 μJ to 1.1 mJ after 2-mm interaction, with an effective Raman transfer efficiency over 4.7%. Second, an aperture was set to make the pump focus pass through the plasma channel. An output seed energy of 1.02 mJ was obtained when the pump energy decreased to 20 mJ, showing a transfer efficiency of 5.1%. The experimental results indicate that the transfer efficiency may be mainly suppressed by plasma heating but not spontaneous Raman scattering.
Transmission IR cell for atmosphere-controlled studies of photoprocesses on powdered high surface area materials
Authors: Bulanin Kirill M. , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Rudakova Aida V.
Published: October 2019

Up to now, FT-IR spectroscopy remains one of the most effective techniques employed in the research of various heterogeneous processes including catalysis and photocatalysis. Here, the construction of a newly developed cell designed to conduct in situ IR spectroscopic studies of photoprocesses on powdered adsorbents in the transmission mode is presented. The capabilities of this device are illustrated by experimental data on photoinduced processes involving well known photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide. In particular, the kinetics of the UV-induced spectroscopic alterations in the IR spectrum of hydrated TiO2 were obtained and analyzed. Moreover, the photoactivated desorption of carbon monoxide at ambient temperature from the dehydrated TiO2 surface was observed and plausible explanations were proposed.
Exact and approximate symmetry projectors for the electronic structure problem on a quantum computer
Authors: Yen Tzu-Ching , Lang Robert A. , Izmaylov Artur F.
Published: October 2019

Solving the electronic structure problem on a universal-gate quantum computer within the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) methodology requires constraining the search procedure to a subspace defined by relevant physical symmetries. Ignoring symmetries results in convergence to the lowest eigenstate of the Fock space for the second quantized electronic Hamiltonian. Moreover, this eigenstate can be symmetry broken due to limitations of the wavefunction ansatz. To address this VQE problem, we introduce and assess methods of exact and approximate projectors to irreducible eigensubspaces of available physical symmetries. Feasibility of symmetry projectors in the VQE framework is discussed, and their efficiency is compared with symmetry constraint optimization procedures. Generally, projectors introduce a higher number of terms for VQE measurement compared to the constraint approach. On the other hand, the projection formalism improves accuracy of the variational wavefunction ansatz without introducing additional unitary transformations, which is beneficial for reducing depths of quantum circuits.
Identifying epidemic threshold by temporal profile of outbreaks on networks
Authors: Xu Yizhan , Tang Ming , Liu Ying , Zou Yong , Liu Zonghua
Published: October 2019

Identifying epidemic threshold is of great significance in preventing and controlling disease spreading on real-world networks. Previous studies have proposed different theoretical and numerical approaches to determine the epidemic threshold for the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model, but the numerical study of the critical points on networks by utilizing temporal characteristics of epidemic outbreaks is still lacking. Here, we study the temporal profile of epidemic outbreaks, i.e., the average avalanche shapes of a fixed duration. At the critical point, the rescaled average terminating and nonterminating avalanche shapes for different durations collapse onto two universal curves, respectively, while the average number of subsequent events essentially remains constant. We propose two numerical measures to determine the epidemic threshold by analyzing the convergence of the rescaled average nonterminating avalanche shapes for varying durations and the stability of the average number of subsequent events, respectively. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrate that our methods can accurately identify the numerical threshold for the SIR dynamics on synthetic and empirical networks. Compared with traditional numerical measures, our methods are more efficient due to the constriction of observation duration and thus are more applicable to large-scale networks. This work helps one to understand the temporal profile of disease propagation and would promote further studies on the phase transition of epidemic dynamics.
CdSe/CdS–poly(cyclohexylethylene) thin film luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Connell Ryan , Keil John , Peterson Colin , Hillmyer Marc A. , Ferry Vivian E.
Published: October 2019

Thin film luminescent solar concentrators are promising components of distributed power generation systems for building integrated photovoltaic applications. However, thin film geometries require high luminophore loading fractions to achieve sufficient absorption of sunlight, which, in the case of nanocrystal luminophores, can lead to aggregation and light scattering. In this work, we integrate CdSe/CdS nanocrystals into thin films of poly(cyclohexylethylene) at a range of loading fractions and characterize the composites with a combination of spectroscopic and simulation tools. We find that increased incident sunlight scattering is observed for the increasing luminophore loading fraction, but that the scattering is mostly limited to higher energy sunlight such that visible transmittance and haze of the samples are all greater than 89.7% and less than 8.3%, respectively. We then analyze the refractive index of the composite and show that the increase in loading fraction also affects the propagation of photoluminescence in the film, especially if the refractive index of the film is greater than that of the substrate. These studies show the importance of understanding the optical transport within thin films and provide design criteria to fabricate thin films for future implementation into building integrated photovoltaic applications.
A systematic construction of configuration interaction wavefunctions in the complete CI space
Authors: Prentice Andrew W. , Coe Jeremy P. , Paterson Martin J.
Published: October 2019

We introduce a systematic approach to construct configuration interaction (CI) wavefunctions through a variant of the Monte Carlo CI (MCCI) method termed systematic-MCCI. Within this approach, the entire interacting space is systematically considered in batches, with the most important configurations across all batches becoming potential additions to the wavefunction. We compare this method to MCCI and a novel pruned-full configuration interaction (FCI) approach. For the ground state of neon, as described by the cc-pVTZ basis, we observe no apparent difference between systematic-MCCI, pruned-MCCI, and MCCI, with all recovering 99% of the correlation energy and producing a very similar wavefunction composition. We then consider the potential energy surface corresponding to the symmetric double hydrogen dissociation of water within a cc-pVDZ basis. Once again MCCI performs comparably to the systematic approaches. Despite systematic-MCCI having longer run times across the number of processors considered, we do observe very good scalability. We then extend this comparison to the first A1 excited energy of carbon monoxide using the cc-pVDZ basis where the MCCI methods perform similarly, approximating this aforementioned energy to within 0.1 eV despite vast reduction in the wavefunction size. Finally, we consider the chromium dimer with the cc-pVTZ basis and 18 frozen orbitals. Here, we find that the systematic approach avoids being trapped in the same local minimum of configuration space as MCCI, yet MCCI can reach a lower energy by repeating the calculation with more processors.
Time-independent free energies from metadynamics via mean force integration
Authors: Marinova Veselina , Salvalaglio Matteo
Published: October 2019

Inspired by thermodynamic integration, we propose a method for the calculation of time-independent free energy profiles from history-dependent biased simulations via Mean Force Integration (MFI). MFI circumvents the need for computing the ensemble average of the bias acting on the system c(t) and can be applied to different variants of metadynamics. Moreover, MFI naturally extends to aggregate information obtained from independent metadynamics simulations, allowing to converge free energy surfaces without the need to sample recrossing events in a single continuous trajectory. We validate MFI against one- and two-dimensional analytical potentials and by computing the conformational free energy landscape of ibuprofen in the bulk of its most common crystal phase.
Sub-millimetric ultra-low-field MRI detected in situ by a dressed atomic magnetometer
Authors: Bevilacqua Giuseppe , Biancalana Valerio , Dancheva Yordanka , Vigilante Antonio
Published: October 2019

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is universally acknowledged as an excellent tool to extract detailed spatial information with minimally invasive measurements. Efforts toward ultra-low-field (ULF) MRI are made to simplify the scanners and to reduce artifacts and incompatibilities. Optical atomic magnetometers (OAMs) are among the sensitive magnetic detectors eligible for ULF operation; however, they are not compatible with the strong field gradients used in MRI. We show that a magnetic-dressing technique restores the OAM operability despite the gradient, and we demonstrate submillimetric resolution MRI with a compact experimental setup based on an in situ detection. The proof-of-concept experiment produces unidimensional imaging of remotely magnetized samples with a dual sensor, but the approach is suited to be adapted for 3-D imaging of samples magnetized in loco. An extension to multisensor architectures is also possible.
3D structure stability of the HIV-1 TAR RNA in ion solutions: A coarse-grained model study
Authors: Zhang Ben-Gong , Qiu Hua-Hai , Jiang Jian , Liu Jie , Shi Ya-Zhou
Published: October 2019

As an extremely common structural motif, RNA hairpins with bulge loops [e.g., the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivation response (TAR) RNA] can play essential roles in normal cellular processes by binding to proteins and small ligands, which could be very dependent on their three-dimensional (3D) structures and stability. Although the structures and conformational dynamics of the HIV-1 TAR RNA have been extensively studied, there are few investigations on the thermodynamic stability of the TAR RNA, especially in ion solutions, and the existing studies also have some divergence on the unfolding process of the RNA. Here, we employed our previously developed coarse-grained model with implicit salt to predict the 3D structure, stability, and unfolding pathway for the HIV-1 TAR RNA over a wide range of ion concentrations. As compared with the extensive experimental/theoretical results, the present model can give reliable predictions on the 3D structure stability of the TAR RNA from the sequence. Based on the predictions, our further comprehensive analyses on the stability of the TAR RNA as well as its variants revealed that the unfolding pathway of an RNA hairpin with a bulge loop is mainly determined by the relative stability between different states (folded state, intermediate state, and unfolded state) and the strength of the coaxial stacking between two stems in folded structures, both of which can be apparently modulated by the ion concentrations as well as the sequences.
Effect of an external electric field on the dynamics and intramolecular structures of ions in an ionic liquid
Authors: Clark Ryan , von Domaros Michael , McIntosh Alastair J. S. , Luzar Alenka , Kirchner Barbara , Welton Tom
Published: October 2019

Simulations of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide in an external electric field have been performed using a Drude particle polarizable force field. The structure of the ions has been analyzed, with close attention paid to the configurations of the ions. The “charge arm” concept is used to explain certain changes of these configurations that would be difficult to rationalize otherwise, e.g., trans → cis isomerization of the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion and extension of the alkyl chain of the cation. It has also been shown that the ions orient themselves so that their charge arms align with and stretch out along the field, and these effects occur at lower external electric field strengths than cause a change in the inherent diffusion of the ions. The dynamics of the system parallel and perpendicular to the field were analyzed, and it was found that the applied field affected the diffusion normal to the field. This is explained as a secondary effect of a change in the ion cage formed by the surrounding counterions of a given ion in the ionic liquid. The breakdown of the ion cages was rationalized by correlating changes to the inherent diffusion of the ions with other changes to the diffusion and bulk structure of the liquid, as well as considering the average forces on the ions compared to the force the ions would be expected to experience in an electric field. Parallel to the field, a drift was observed at every electric field studied. In electric fields with no changes to the ion cage structure, the relationship between the drift and electric field was found to be linear, becoming nonlinear as the ion cage structure breaks down.
Arcana imperii*
Authors: Dynel Marta , Poppi Fabio I. M.
Published: October 2019

This paper reports the findings of a study on the mechanics of insult-retort adjacency pairs in Twitter
interactions. The analysis concerns primarily the humorous retorts made by the pornographic entrepreneur Stormy Daniels, who has
been pelted with politically-loaded misogynist insults, many of which qualify as slut-shaming. These acts of verbal aggression are
the result of her involvement in a legal dispute with President Donald Trump and his former attorney. Based on a carefully
collected corpus of public exchanges of tweets, our qualitative analysis achieves a few goals. First, it brings to focus a
previously ignored function of witty and creative humour, including the self-deprecating variety, as a powerful rhetorical
strategy that helps address insults with dignity and that displays the speaker’s intellectual superiority over the attacker and a
good sense of humour, as evidenced by multiple users’ positive metapragmatic evaluations of Stormy Daniels’s retorts. Second, these findings carry vital
practical implications for handling misogynist comments, including slut-shaming, online. Third, this study offers new insights
into the workings of insults and retorts thereto, not only in multi-party interactions on social media, specifically on Twitter,
but also through traditional channels of communication.
Teaching the German case system
Authors: Baten Kristof
Published: October 2019

This chapter compares two different approaches to the construct ‘readiness’:
namely, processing constraints as defined by Processability Theory and the Teachability
Hypothesis (Pienemann, 1998) and partial mastery
as defined in the research on Focus on Form (Williams
& Evans, 1998). The former operationalises readiness through the emergence
criterion, the latter employs an accuracy criterion. The chapter applies both definitions
and operationalisations in the context of a study investigating the effectiveness of
instruction on the acquisition of the German case system by Dutch-speaking foreign language
learners. The study included 18 freshman university students of German and adopted a
quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design. The instructional treatment involved a
meaning-focussed activity which eventually led to explicit rule presentation. Oral language
production data was collected by means of a picture description task and an elicited
imitation task. The results show that the (non-)emergence of the developmental stages of the
German case marking system stayed within the predictive boundaries of the Teachability
Hypothesis, whereas the development of the accuracy scores did not reveal any observable
sequence. However, the results reveal that the two (emergence and accuracy) are related to
the extent that increases in accuracy scores are only possible if a stage is reached or
reachable. The findings suggest that the systematic, implicational emergence of stages and
the subsequent, variable increases in accuracy scores represent two different, but
complementing, aspects of L2 development.
Interactive effects of co-occurring epichloid endophytes, rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulating their benefits to grasses and legumes.
Authors: García-Parisi P. A. , Omacini M.
Published: October 2019

Symbiotic interactions are very extended in nature and their multiple co-occurrence among plants, fungi and bacteria is highly likely within a community. Thus, a single plant can harbour different strains, species or types of symbionts. Furthermore, at the neighbourhood level, the co-occurrence of grasses and legumes is a frequent event associated with their specific (endophyte, rhizobia) or generalist (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) symbionts. The simultaneous presence of two symbionts may induce additive or interactive effects (i.e. synergisms or antagonisms) both at plant and neighbourhood level. In this chapter, we explore the responses of plants when two symbionts are present within the same host or within neighbouring plants. Here we review studies researching the effects of epichloid endophytes and systemic and asymptomatic fungal symbionts of grasses on colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their consequences on host plant performance. Also, we explore the current knowledge related to the presence of epichloid endophyte and AMF on the host grass affecting legume-rhizobia interaction, whether coexisting in the neighbourhood or growing after grass dies. Interestingly, endophyte effects go beyond the host and impact on other symbioses, either within the host or established in co-occurring plants in the neighbourhood. Endophytes either increase or impair AMF colonization within the host, and both symbionts can have interactive or additive effects on host performance, depending on the grass, endophyte and AMF species, and on the abiotic and biotic environment. Furthermore, endophyte presence on the host grass can affect different attributes at community level through altering the performance of a neighbouring legume, or one that grows after grass dies. As an outcome, the effects of these specific symbionts can result in potential public benefits for non-host plants through the propagation of interactive effects of several symbionts to the whole symbiosis influence area, the symbiosphere. The benefits give rise to the appearance of agroecosystem processes or services that could favour their sustainability.
A novel method to measure the porosity of porous materials
Authors: Jian Xiao , Guibao Qiu
Published: October 2019

Porosity is the single most important feature of porous materials. On the basis of the research work, a new method to measure the porosity of porous materials is proposed in this paper. This method is a system of equations composed of six formulas, so it is called model equation method. It is not only applicable to space holder technique but also applicable to metal prepared by pure powder metallurgy. Compared with mass volume method and immersion medium method, our new method is more simple and efficient. More importantly, it can be used as a standard measure. This study provides a fundamental basis for the measurement of porosity in porous materials.
From a syncytium to mononucleate cells and back: Yki and JNK in symphony
Authors: Chaturvedi Dhananjay , VijayRaghavan K.
Published: October 2019

Alary muscle syncytia in Drosophila larvae undergo a remarkable process of dedifferentiation into single cells that then fuse to become ventral longitudinal muscle in the adult. In this issue, Schaub et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201905048) identify the Hippo and JNK signaling pathways as key regulators of this process of developmental remodeling of cell fate.
Magnetic Coupling Induced Self-Assembly at Atomic Level*
Authors: Xie Weiyu , Zhu Yu , Wang Jianpeng , Cheng Aihua , Wang Zhigang
Published: October 2019

Developing accurate self-assembly is the key for constructing functional materials from a bottom-up approach. At present, it is mainly hindered by building blocks and driving modes. We design a new self-assembly method based on the magnetic coupling between spin-polarized electrons. First-principles calculations show that spin-polarized electrons from different endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) superatoms can pair each other to ensure a one-dimensional extending morphology. Furthermore, without ligand passivation, the EMF superatoms maintain their electronic structures robustly in self-assembly owing to the core-shell structure and the atomic-like electron arrangement rule. Therefore, it should noted that the magnetic coupling of monomeric electron spin polarization can be an important driving mechanism for high-precision self-assembly. These results represent a new paradigm for self-assembly and offer fresh opportunities for functional material construction at the atomic level.
Measure liquid viscosity by tracking falling ball Automatically depending on image processing algorithm
Authors: Ali Sarah H , Al-Zuky Ali Abid D , Al-Saleh Anwar H , Mohamad Haidar J
Published: October 2019

Abstrac. A fast method presented within this paper to find transparent liquid viscosity. An introduced tracking algorithm in image processing used to find a terminal velocity automatically of a falling ball in a tube that filled with a tested liquid. Terminal velocity considered an important parameter to find a liquid viscosity. Therefore, four iron balls, with different diameters and a smartphone camera are used to measure the falling ball terminal velocity. The estimated velocity from the introduced algorithm is compared with the calculated velocity and shows a good matching. The second algorithm used to estimate the viscosity of the tested liquid. The limitation of the ball diameter around 5mm to measure the terminal velocity. The result shows error matching between the fitting data and the estimated data ranging (0.00-0.1%). This method is a faster and easier experiment to use to find any transparent liquid viscosity comparing with a viscometer.