bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ITF2357 regulates NF‐κB signaling pathway to protect barrier integrity in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Lim Rayne R. , Mahaling Binapani , Tan Alison , Mehta Milan , Kaur Charanjit , Hunziker Walter , Kim Judy E. , Barathi Veluchamy A. , Ghosh Arkasubhra , Chaurasia Shyam S.
Published: March 2024

The robust integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which contributes to the outer brain retina barrier (oBRB), is compromised in several retinal degenerative and vascular disorders, including diabetic macular edema (DME). This study evaluates the role of a new generation of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), ITF2357, in regulating outer blood‐retinal barrier function and investigates the underlying mechanism of action in inhibiting TNFα‐induced damage to RPE integrity. Using the immortalized RPE cell line (ARPE‐19), ITF2357 was found to be non‐toxic between 50 nM and 5 μM concentrations. When applied as a pre‐treatment in conjunction with an inflammatory cytokine, TNFα, the HDACi was safe and effective in preventing epithelial permeability by fortifying tight junction (ZO‐1, ‐2, ‐3, occludin, claudin‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐5, ‐19) and adherens junction (E‐cadherin, Nectin‐1) protein expression post‐TNFα stress. Mechanistically, ITF2357 depicted a late action at 24 h via attenuating IKK, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation and ameliorated the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and MCP‐1. Also, ITF2357 delayed IκBα synthesis and turnover. The use of Bay 11‐7082 and MG132 further uncovered a possible role for ITF2357 in non‐canonical NF‐κB activation. Overall, this study revealed the protection effects of ITF2357 by regulating the turnover of tight and adherens junction proteins and modulating NF‐κB signaling pathway in the presence of an inflammatory stressor, making it a potential therapeutic application for retinal vascular diseases such as DME with compromised outer blood‐retinal barrier.
A meta-analysis on the risk of infection associated with intravenous iron therapy in cancer-associated anaemia: a double-edged sword?
Authors: Meyers Michel , Salmon Maurine , Libert Isabelle , Klášterský Jean
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review

The increased use of i.v. iron in the treatment of cancer-associated anemia raises concerns about its risk of infectious complications. High levels of circulating iron could increase the risk of infection by compromising natural defence mechanisms and promoting pathogen growth. Since the risk of infection is particularly high in the oncological population, we have examined whether the use of i.v. iron increases the risk of infectious complications among cancer patients.

Findings

Among 18 randomized trials in our systematic review, only 8 reported infectious complications, with no significant difference linked to the type of i.v. iron preparation. Two trials showed a statistically significant increase in infectious complications, one trial found a lower risk, while the remaining 5 reported no significant difference. Our meta-analysis revealed a numerical increase in infectious complications in the i.v. iron group, but the lack of statistical significance and significant heterogeneity among the trials limit definitive conclusions on the actual infection risk.

Our findings suggest some increased risk in infectious complications after the administration of i.v. iron for cancer associated anaemia. However, i.v. iron therapy appears generally safe and effective in cancer-associated anaemia.
Current outstanding challenges in germ cell tumors
Authors: Salous Tareq , Adra Nabil
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review

Despite the remarkable advances in the treatment of germ cell tumors (GCT), several challenges remain. This review aims to highlight some of these challenges and provide guidance on how to navigate through them.

Recent findings

Patients with International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group poor risk disease have worse prognosis and investigating novel therapeutic interventions are warranted in this population. Patients with brain metastases require a multidisciplinary approach by a group of clinicians experienced in the management of germ cell tumors. Patients with platinum refractory disease have poor prognosis and development of novel treatment options is urgently needed. Conventional tumor markers including alpha fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin remain standard. Development of novel biomarkers to detect minimal residual disease or teratoma is needed.

Management of patients with GCT requires a multidisciplinary approach. Patients should preferably be evaluated at tertiary care centers with expertise in the management of this disease.
Supportive cancer care: is integrative oncology the future?
Authors: Theunissen Ingrid , Bagot Jean-Lionel
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review

Nearly half of cancer patients use complementary therapies alongside the conventional cancer treatment. This clinical reality is a challenge for the medical team mainly to guarantee patient's safety. The evolution from Supportive Care to Integrative oncology is taking shape.

Recent findings

Integrative oncology, a new field in cancer care, combines conventional supportive care and validated complementary approaches. The first part of this review is to highlight the process of validation of one of the most popular complementary medicines among European cancer patients: homeopathy. It seems to be a well tolerated and useful complementary approach in integrative cancer care. The second part shows through the example of stage IV lung cancer the transition from conventional supportive care to integrative oncology with a benefit for their quality of life and survival.

The future of supportive cancer care seems to lead towards a move from coexistence of conventional care and complementary approaches to a combination of both in integrative oncology. This would require new skills among caregivers, specific academic training and adapted studies. Further research is needed to highlight the benefits in the specific field of integrative cancer care.
Development and Evaluation of a Promising Biomarker for Diagnosis of Latent and Active Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Peng Cong , Jiang Fan , Liu Yinping , Xue Yong , Cheng Peng , Wang Jie , Wang Liang , Gong Wenping
Published: March 2024

Background

Diagnosing latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) and active TB (ATB) is crucial for preventing disease progression and transmission. However, current diagnostic tests have limitations in terms of accuracy and sensitivity, making it challenging to diagnose these different infection states. Therefore, this study intends to develop a promising biomarker for LTBI and ATB diagnosis to overcome the limitations of the current diagnostic tests.

Methods

We developed a novel multiepitope-based diagnostic biomarker (MEBDB) from LTBI region of differentiation antigens using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics. Immune responses induced by MEBDM were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot and cytometric bead assays. This study was conducted from April 2022 to December 2022 in the Senior Department of Tuberculosis at the 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, China. Blood samples were collected from participants with ATB, individuals with LTBI, and healthy controls (HCs). The diagnostic efficacy of MEBDB was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

A novel MEBDB, designated as CP19128P, was generated. CP19128P comprises 19 helper T lymphocyte epitopes, 12 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes, and 8 B-cell epitopes. In silico simulations demonstrated that CP19128P possesses strong affinity for Toll-like receptors and elicits robust innate and adaptive immune responses. CP19128P generated significantly higher levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and IL-10 in ATB patients (n = 7) and LTBI (n = 8) individuals compared with HCs (n = 62) (P < 0.001). Moreover, CP19128P-induced specific cytokines could be used to discriminate LTBI and ATB from healthy subjects with high sensitivity and specificity. Combining IL-2 with IL-4 or TNF-α could differentiate LTBI from HCs (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.976 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.934–1.000] or 0.986 [0.956–1.000]), whereas combining IL-4 with IL-17A or TNF-α could differentiate ATB from HCs (AUC, 0.887 [0.782–0.993] or 0.984 [0.958–1.000]).

Conclusions

Our study revealed that CP19128P is a potential MEBDB for the diagnosis of LTBI and ATB. Our findings suggest a promising strategy for developing novel, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers and identifying new targets for TB diagnosis and management.
Cytomegalovirus Transverse Myelitis Secondary to Influenza Infection and Early Recovery: A Case Report
Authors: Bhavsar Jill S. , Fultariya Lekhini K. , Prajapati Poojan J. , Dhamelia Archi K. , Campos Jaime E.
Published: March 2024

Immunosuppression can lead to opportunistic infections in a host. The evidence of viral infections causing immunosuppression in a host for a transient period is gaining attention. In order to prolong their stay in the human body, viruses affect the human immune system in various ways. Common viral infections such as influenza can lead to transient lymphocytopenia, which lays the groundwork for more dangerous opportunistic infections. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a rare cause of inflammatory myelopathy. We present the case of a patient with an influenza infection who progressed to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia, and idiopathic lymphocytopenia with a CD4 count of 61 per μL on arrival. After 2 weeks, the patient developed complete flaccid paralysis with sensory and autonomic dysfunction. Because his polymerase chain reaction results of cerebrospinal fluid and blood test were positive for CMV infection, he was treated with high doses of steroids and ganciclovir intravenously. Due to early diagnosis and intervention, the patient was able to recover in 2 months with only minimal residual weakness. Thus, this case stresses on the importance of looking out for opportunistic infections in patients affected by severe viral infections for their early recovery.
Healthy behaviors and gestational diabetes mellitus in an Iranian setting: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zare Maryam , Mardi Afrouz , Yeghanenia Paria , Hackett Daniel
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to determine the healthy behaviors of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Ardabil in 2020. An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 mothers with GDM in Ardabil in 2020. Self-reported data was collected using a sociodemographic and a lifestyle questionnaire (LSQ) with assistance from health staff. Univariate and multivariate linear regression tests were used to assess risk variables associated with health behaviors and GDM. The total score of the LSQ was 123.6 ± 9.9, which was considered fair or average. The participants’ age had a significant relationship with physical health (beta = −.093, P = .004), weight control and nutrition (beta = .094, P = .010), and psychological health (beta = .081, P = .005). Higher educational level was associated with accident prevention (beta = .453, P = .001). Participants’ occupation had a significant positive relationship with the prevention of diseases (beta = .925, P = .003). A gravida of the participants was associated with weight control and nutrition (beta = −.497, P = .016). Body mass index was associated with physical health (beta = −.179, P = .001), exercise and fitness (beta = −.149, P = .016), psychological health (beta = −.158, P = .001), accident prevention (beta = .098, P = .023), and total score of LSQ (beta = −.559, P = .006). The findings of this study showed that mothers with GDM had LSQ subscales scores considered fair or average, except for the prevention of diseases and avoidance of drugs, alcohol, and opiates subscales, which were considered good.
Scalp acupuncture for post-stroke spastic hemiparesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Dongxue , Zou Wei , Zhang Baiwen , Guo Peixin
Published: March 2024

Background:

Spastic paralysis is one of the most common sequelae of stroke, severely affecting patients’ limb function and reducing their quality of life. Scalp acupuncture (SA) has been shown to significantly improve cerebral blood supply and reduce the severity of limb spasticity. This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of SA in the treatment of post-stroke spastic paralysis, providing evidence-based medicine for clinical management of this condition.

Methods:

We comprehensively searched databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of SA in post-stroke spastic paralysis were identified until July 28, 2023. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 and Stata17.0.

Results:

A total of 16 studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that the modified Ashworth spasticity assessment scale in the SA group was significantly higher than that in the rehabilitation group (mean difference [MD] = −0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.75, −0.37], Z = 5.67, P < .00001). The simplified Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment scale in the SA group was significantly higher than that in the rehabilitation group (MD = 5.86, 95% CI [3.26, 8.46], Z = 4.41, P < .0001). The modified Barthel index assessment scale in the SA group was significantly higher than that in the rehabilitation group (MD = 5.79, 95% CI [4.73, 6.84], Z = 10.77, P < .00001). Additionally, the clinical effective rate in the SA group was significantly higher than that in the rehabilitation group (relative risk = 1.25, 95% CI [1.16, 1.36], Z = 5.42, P < .00001).

Conclusion:

SA combined with rehabilitation therapy has certain advantages in reducing limb spasticity, improving limb function, and enhancing activities of daily living in patients with post-stroke spastic paralysis. This study provides reference and theoretical support for the promotion of SA in the treatment of this condition.
Remimazolam-based anesthesia in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy undergoing radical colorectal cancer surgery: A case report
Authors: Shi Yongchang , Zuo Chengchao , Zhang Yiwen , Zhou Chao , Zhang Fengjiao , Zhao Xuelian
Published: March 2024

Background:

The goal of anesthesia in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is to reduce the risk of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction triggered by anesthetics. Remimazolam is a newly developed anesthetic that has been reported to have superior hemodynamic stability. There have been no reports on the completion of non-cardiac surgery with remimazolam in patients with HOCM.

Methods:

Here we report the case of a 49-year-old man diagnosed with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy who underwent resection of colon cancer with remimazolam and remifentanil anesthesia. A bolus 0.3 mg/kg remimazolam was administered for anesthesia induction, and then adjusted to 2 mg/kg/h to maintain anesthesia. Set the pain threshold index to 50 to auto-control the infusion speed of remifentanil.

Results:

No hypotension occurred during anesthesia, and norepinephrine was not administered. After conversion to open surgery, the patient’s blood pressure elevated and reduced with urapidil and esmolol.

Conclusion:

In this patient with HOCM, remimazolam and remifentanil provided adequate anesthesia for induction and maintenance to complete the right hemicolectomy.
A case of POEMS syndrome comprising of a complicated diagnostic procedure: Case report
Authors: Huang Hai-Ping , Ran Hong-Mei , Li Zheng-Sheng , Xie Juan
Published: March 2024

Rationale:

This article presents the case of a patient with recurrent chronic diarrhea and cachexia who was misdiagnosed, followed by a literature review to summarize the reasons for misdiagnosis of POEMS syndrome and the treatment strategies.

Patient concerns:

The diagnosis and treatment of this patient suggest that with the improvement of M-protein detection levels, the diagnosis of patients with low M-protein levels, such as those with POEMS syndrome, has been greatly aided.

Diagnoses:

POEMS syndrome requires polyneuropathy and monoclonal plasma cell proliferation as mandatory diagnostic criteria. Therefore, patients presenting with polyneuropathy should routinely undergo M-protein testing and consider the possibility of POEMS syndrome.

Interventions:

The patient, in this case, was treated primarily with relatively conservative immunomodulatory agents.

Outcomes:

During follow-up after treatment, the patient’s diarrhea and malnutrition showed significant improvement.

Lessons subsections:

POEMS syndrome has low clinical specificity and a high rate of misdiagnosis. However, once a definitive diagnosis is made, the treatment outcome is favorable.
Role of telerehabilitation in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy during COVID-19: A review
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Albalwi Abdulaziz , Mehdi Kazmi Syed Abid , Alharbi Ahmad A. , Bashir Kiran , Aqeel Aslam Muhammad , Ghaffar Tamjeed
Published: March 2024

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) have limited mobility and are unable to actively participate in tasks that are part of their daily living. Thus, continuous therapeutic sessions are required to keep such individuals active and engaged in the environment. Due to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns, rehabilitation for children with CP was inhibited which consequently put them at risk of losing their functional gains which were obtained through previous in-person therapies. In order to avoid this, an alternate to conventional therapy was required and this rendered it necessary to review the role of telerehabilitation (TR) and its various modes for the rehabilitation of children with CP. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of TR for children with CP during COVID-19 through the present literature and to determine if TR is an alternate to conventional physical therapy in children with CP during the coronavirus outbreak. This scoping review was conducted by searching different databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration, Medline, and Google Scholar on the basis of inclusion criteria. Screening was performed from January 2019 to June 2022 and the initial screening attempt returned 469 studies. After applying the aforementioned criteria, all impertinent studies were excluded which resulted in 28 studies being included for this review as they contained information about the effectiveness of TR on children with CP during COVID-19. These 28 articles included randomised controlled trials, surveys, reviews, clinical trials, case reports, prospective studies, editorials, and longitudinal studies. Three out of the 7 randomised controlled trial studies revealed that action observation treatment can be a useful approach for TR in child with CP during similar pandemics. The other 3 studies supported the use of computer-based games, robots, nonimmersive virtual reality, and wearable haptic devices as a significant means of TR in child with CP as an alternate to routine therapy during COVID-19. TR is an affable mode of rehabilitation specifically for the pediatric population. In the future, it can be an alternate to routine therapy for those who are unlikely to get daily access to in-person therapeutic sessions due to various reasons or circumstances.
Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative nursing care of elderly patients with hip and knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Mingzhu , Gong Shi-guo , Xie Ronghui
Published: March 2024

Background:

To collect data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery on postoperative recovery of elderly patients who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty.

Methods:

The search was limited to studies published prior to January 1, 2023, in the electronic databases of Cochrane, Embase, Ovid Medline, Proquest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Chinese databases, including China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) and SinoMed. All relevant data were collected from the studies that met the inclusion criteria. The outcome variables were recovery of joint function and incidence of complications. STATA software (version 14.0) was used for the meta-analysis.

Results:

A total of 44 published studies met the inclusion criteria. The cumulative data included 2203 cases receiving enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), and 2173 cases receiving traditional recovery after surgery (non-ERAS). The meta-analysis showed that the VAS score was significantly lower in the ERAS group than in the non-ERAS group (P < .01), and there were fewer incidences of complications in the ERAS group than in the control group (P < .01).

Conclusions:

ERAS significantly reduced pain and the incidence of complications in elderly patients who had undergone joint replacement surgery.
Effectiveness of Taohong Siwu decoction in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in hip surgery patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cai Ningning , Han Yabing , Wang Gang , Huang Xiongfeng , Bo Xueping , Qin Han
Published: March 2024

Background:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) combined with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), as well as THSWD alone, on the incidence of Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), D-dimer levels, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, and calf swelling in patients undergoing hip fracture or replacement surgery, compared to LMWH.

Methods:

According to the predefined inclusion criteria, we conducted a comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of THSWD combined with LMWH or THSWD compared to LMWH in patients with hip fractures or undergoing replacement surgery. The search was performed across multiple databases including China National Knowledge Internet, WanFang, Sinomed, Duxiu, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Web of Science from their inception until December 2023. Additionally, relevant literature references were retrieved and hand searching of pertinent journals was conducted. The methodological quality assessment of the included trials was carried out following the guidelines outlined in the Cochrane Handbook. Review Manager 5.4 was applied in analyzing and synthesizing.

Results:

A total of 18 RCTs with 1353 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the combined group had a better effect on the incidence of DVT [RR = 0.32, 95% CI(0.17, 0.58; P = .0002], D-dimer [SMD = −5.88, 95% CI(−7.66, −4.11); P < .00001], VAS [MD = −1.16, 95% CI(−1.81, −0.50); P = .0005], Calf circumference difference [MD = −0.56, 95% CI(−1.05, −0.08); P = .02]. There was no significant difference in PT and APTT between the combined group and the control group. Meta-analysis results show that the D-dimer, incidence of DVT, PT, and APTT did not significantly differ between the THSWD and the LMWH groups.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis shows that compared with LMWH, THSWD combined with LMWH has a better efficacy in the treatment of DVT after hip surgery, without a significant increase in the incidence of adverse events. Additionally, the combined therapy can also reduce D-dimer, VAS, and swelling. However, due to the limitations of the included studies (such as small sample size and low-quality evidence), the results need to be further verified in more rigorous multicenter clinical trials with a large sample size.
Reducing the carbon footprint of operating rooms through education on the effects of inhalation anesthetics on global warming: A retrospective study
Authors: Park Eun Ji , Bae Jaesang , Kim Jisu , Yoon Ji-Uk , Do Wangseok , Yoon Jung-Pil , Shon Hong-Sik , Kang Yerin , Kim Hee Young , Cho Ah-Reum
Published: March 2024

Environmental concerns, especially global warming, have prompted efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Healthcare systems, including anesthesia practices, contribute to these emissions. Inhalation anesthetics have a significant environmental impact, with desflurane being the most concerning because of its high global warming potential. This study aimed to educate anesthesiologists on the environmental impact of inhalation anesthetics and assess changes in awareness and practice patterns, specifically reducing desflurane use. This study included data from patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia 1 month before and after education on the effects of inhalation anesthetics on global warming. The primary endpoint was a change in inhalational anesthetic use. Secondary endpoints included changes in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions, driving equivalent, and medical costs. After the education, desflurane use decreased by 50%, whereas sevoflurane use increased by 50%. This shift resulted in a reduction in the overall amount of inhalational anesthetics used. The total CO2e and driving-equivalent values decreased significantly. The cost per anesthesia case decreased, albeit to a lesser extent than expected. Education on the environmental impact of inhalation anesthetics has successfully altered anesthesiologists’ practice patterns, leading to reduced desflurane usage. This change has resulted in decreased CO2e emissions and has had a positive effect on mitigating global warming. However, further research is required to assess the long-term impact of such education and the variability in practice patterns across different institutions.
Risk factors and prognosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast-conserving breast cancer: A retrospective study based on the SEER database
Authors: Liu Ruihao , Chen Jian , Cao Wei , Li Ting , Liao Yulong , Li Yingliang
Published: March 2024

At present, the risk factors and prognosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis (SLNM) are analyzed based on the study of axillary lymph node metastasis, but whether there is a difference between the two is unclear. Therefore, an accurate and appropriate predictive model needs to be proposed to evaluate patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer. We selected 16983 women with breast cancer from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. They were randomly assigned to two cohorts, one for development (n = 11891) and one for validation (n = 5092). multi-factor logistics regression was used to distinguish risk factors affecting SLNM. The potential prognostic factors were identified using the COX regression analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated for all results. Multiple Cox models are included in the nomogram, with a critical P value of .05. In order to evaluate the model’s performance, Concordance index and receiver operating characteristic curves were used. Six independent risk factors affecting SLNM were screened out from the Logistic regression, including tumor location, number of regional lymph nodes (2-5), ER positive, PR positive, tumor size (T2-3), and histological grade (Grade II-III) are independent risk factors for SLNM in patients (P < .05). Eight prognostic factors were screened out in the multivariate COX regression analysis (P < .05): Age: Age 60 to 79 years, Age ≥ 80 years; Race; Histological grading: Grade II, Grade III; No radiotherapy; Tumor size: T2, T3; ER positive:, sentinel lymph node positive, married. Histological grade, tumor location, T stage, ER status, PR status and the number of SLNB are significantly correlated with axillary SLNM. Age, ethnicity, histological grade, radiotherapy, tumor size, ER status, SLN status, and marital status were independent risk factors for Breast cancer specific survival (BCSS). Moreover, the survival rate of patients with 3 positive SLNs was not significantly different from that with one or two positive SLNs, We concluded that patients with stage N1 breast cancer were exempt from axillary lymph node dissection, which is worthy of further study.
Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of new fear of the coronavirus questionnaire
Authors: Zha PeiJia , Zhang Crystal , Qureshi Rubab , Cai GuiGui , Huang LiHong , Liu Yang
Published: March 2024

The fear of COVID-19 significantly impacting the health of people globally. This study translated newly developed measurement tool New Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire (New_FCQ) into Chinese language and evaluated the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of New_FCQ among Chinese population. A total of 522 participants were included in the study. Internal consistency, construct validity, criterion validity, and concurrent validity of the Chinese version of New_FCQ were assessed in this study. The Chinese version of New_FCQ had excellent internal consistency (α = 0.97) and exploratory factor analysis demonstrated one-dimensional structure of the Chinese version of New_FCQ. The preliminary criterion validity revealed statistically significant differences in the fear of COVID-19 scores based on age and education level (P = .002 and P = .03, respectively). The good concurrent validity also established with the Chinese version Fear of COVID-19 Scale(P < .001). Psychometric proportions of the Chinese version of New_FCQ were established, which exhibited sufficient validity and reliability among Chinese population.
Rhabdomyolysis caused by Botrychium ternatum intoxication: Case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Ming-Wei , Zhang Chun-Hai , Zhang Qiu-Juan , Zhang Bing-Ran
Published: March 2024

Rationale:

Botrychium ternatum ((Thunb.) Sw.), a traditional Chinese medicine, is known for its therapeutic properties in clearing heat, detoxifying, cough suppression, and phlegm elimination. It has been extensively used in clinics for the treatment of many inflammation-related diseases. Currently, there are no documented cases of rhabdomyolysis resulting from Botrychium ternatum intoxication.

Patient concerns:

A 57-year-old male presented with a complaint of low back discomfort accompanied by tea-colored urine lasting for 4 days. The patient also exhibited markedly increased creatine phosphate kinase and myoglobin levels. Prior to the onset of symptoms, the patient consumed 50 g of Botrychium ternatum to alleviate pharyngodynia.

Diagnoses:

The patient was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis due to Botrychium ternatum intoxication.

Interventions:

The patient underwent a substantial volume of fluid resuscitation, diuresis, and alkalization of urine, as well as correction of the acid-base balance and electrolyte disruption.

Outcomes:

Following a 10-day treatment plan involving massive fluid resuscitation, diuresis, and alkalization of urine, the patient showed notable improvement in his lower back pain and reported the absence of any discomfort. Following reexamination, the levels of creatine phosphate kinase and myoglobin were restored to within the normal ranges. Additionally, no abnormalities were detected in liver or renal function. As a result, the patient was considered eligible for discharge and was monitored.

Conclusions:

Botrychium ternatum intoxication was associated with the development of rhabdomyolysis. To manage this condition, it is recommended that patients provide massive fluid resuscitation, diuresis, alkalization of urine, and other appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Lesson:

Currently, there are no known cases of rhabdomyolysis resulting from Botrychium ternatum intoxication. However, it is important to consider the potential occurrence of rhabdomyolysis resulting from Botrychium ternatum intoxication when there is a correlation between the administration of Botrychium ternatum and the presence of muscular discomfort in the waist or throughout the body, along with tea-colored urine. Considering the levels of creatine phosphate kinase and myoglobin, the diagnosis or exclusion of rhabdomyolysis caused by Botrychium ternatum intoxication should be made, and suitable treatment should be administered accordingly.
Association of Thallium with Diabetes Risk among Patients with Hearing Loss: Result from NHANES 2013 to 2018
Authors: Li Jing , Lai Zhi-Gang , Huang Xiao-Hua
Published: March 2024

To evaluate the correlation between thallium and diabetes risk among participants with hearing loss. This retrospective cohort study extracted related data such as demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and laboratory findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2013–2018). Logistic regression analysis and interaction analysis were adopted to analyze the correlation between thallium and diabetes risk among patients with hearing loss. Then, the restricted cubic spline was employed to assess the nonlinear relationship between thallium and diabetes risk. The receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve analysis were used to assess the predictive values of 3 multivariate models with or without thallium for diabetes risk. The Delong test was adopted to assess the significant change of the area under the curves (AUCs) upon thallium addition. A total of 425 participants with hearing loss were enrolled in the study: without diabetes group (n = 316) and diabetes group (n = 109). Patients with hearing loss in the diabetes group had significantly lower thallium (P < .05). The thallium was an independent predictor for diabetes risk after adjusting various covariates (P < .05). The restricted cubic spline (RCS) result showed that there was a linear correlation between thallium and diabetes risk (P nonlinear > .05). Finally, the receiver operating characteristic and decision curve analysis results revealed that adding thallium to the models slightly increased the performance in predicting diabetes risk but without significance in AUC change. Thallium was an independent predictor of diabetes risk among patients with hearing loss. The addition of thallium might help improve the predictive ability of models for risk reclassification. However, the conclusions should be verified in our cohort in the future due to the limitations inherent in the NHANES database.
Association between chronic disease, sensory impairment, walking limitation, and activities of daily living of community-dwelling older Indians
Authors: Vennu Vishal
Published: March 2024

Due to the paucity of existing evidence, this study aims to investigate the relationship between chronic disease, sensory impairment, walking limitation, and difficulty in activities of daily living (ADLs) in community-dwelling older Indians. This cross-sectional study included data from 31,394 individuals aged ≥ 60 years from the 2017 to 2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. Participants were divided into 2 groups: 12,993 with chronic disease, sensory impairment, and a walking limitation, and 18,401 healthy individuals without such conditions. Participants with any chronic disease were further divided into 2 groups: sensory impairment (n = 12,462), and a walking limitation (n = 4745). Self-reported close-ended questionnaires with yes or no were used to assess each chronic disease (such as hypertension, diabetes, lung disorders, joint disorders, or heart disease), sensory impairment (vision or hearing), and walking limitation. A walking limitation was defined as being when a person could only walk at their usual pace for less than 500 meters on a flat surface. ADLs were assessed and classified as physical ADLs including basic physical requirements like dressing. Instrumental ADLs (IADLs) included more complicated community-based tasks like meal preparation. Findings showed that older Indians with chronic disease, sensory impairment, and a walking limitation were more likely to be significantly associated with physical ADLs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34–1.57,P < .0001) and IADLs (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.70–2.03,P < .0001) than those without such conditions. Among older Indians with chronic disease, sensory impairment was more likely associated with physical ADLs (aOR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.82–2.16,P < .0001) and IADLs (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.15–1.37,P < .0001) followed by a walking limitation (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.42–1.65,P < .0001; aOR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.17–1.38,P < .0001, respectively). These findings suggest that older Indians with chronic disease, sensory impairment, and walking limitation, can experience increased difficulty in overall and individual physical ADL and IADL than those without these conditions. Older Indians with any chronic condition who had sensory impairment or a walking limitation were also more likely to have difficulty with physical ADLs and IADLs.
Physical activity patterns among obese adults attending rural primary health care units, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt: A case-control study
Authors: Salim Almaza A. , Nasr Eman Fahmey , Dean Yomna E. , Loayza Pintado Jose J. , Elsaid Noha M. Abu Bakr , Hazimeh Yusef , Ragheb Mostafa M. , Aiash Hani
Published: March 2024

Obesity is an ignored health problem in all countries; there are a lot of health problems related directly or indirectly to overweight and obesity. The incidence of COVID-19 with social isolation and technological development in recent years strongly contributed to a progressive increase in obesity. . Assess the pattern of the 3 divisions of physical activity and sedentary behaviors in obese patients. Physical inactivity is a significant concern, especially among individuals with obesity and certain demographic characteristics. Addressing these factors and promoting physical activity interventions tailored to specific populations is essential in combating sedentary behavior and its associated health implications.This case-control study included 350 adult obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) and 75 people with normal BMI (18.5–24.9). Their sociodemographic data were analyzed and their pattern of physical activity related to work, movement to and from places for 10 minutes, and pattern of recreational activity were assessed, in addition to the assessment of the sedentary behaviors. The mean age of the study group was 34 years, the majority were females, educated, and working. Forty five percent of the total sample were physically inactive; the pattern of activity during travel to and from places (10 min) was lower in obese patients. Recreational activities were low in the studied population, in the present study the time spent sitting or reclining (except sleeping) was significantly higher among obese participants than controls (P ≤ .001). Obesity, urban residence, unemployment and illiteracy were independent risk factors for physical inactivity.
Successful diagnosis of asymptomatic choriocarcinoma by ultrasonography during a viable pregnancy: A rare case report
Authors: Gao Qianqian , Luo Hong
Published: March 2024

Background:

Gestational choriocarcinoma occurs very rare in conjunction with pregnancy and it is camouflage for diagnosis.

Methods:

We present a rare case of asymptomatic choriocarcinoma in a viable pregnancy that was successfully diagnosed by ultrasonography and had timely treatment.

Results:

According to the ultrasonography, early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of choriocarcinoma during a viable pregnancy was administered and the newborn was discharged.

Conclusion:

Choriocarcinoma in pregnancy is camouflaged, and its clinical presentation varies widely. Despite an asymptomatic status, metastasis can occur, and ultrasonography is important for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
Fourier analysis of corneal irregular astigmatism after small-incision lenticule extraction and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy: A comparative study
Authors: Ning Jiliang , Zhang Lijun
Published: March 2024

To compare changes in the spherical component, regular astigmatism, and irregular astigmatism of the anterior surface of the cornea after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK). Fifty-six patients underwent SMILE in 56 eyes, and 68 patients underwet TransPRK in 68 eyes. The right eye was chosen to enter the group. Six months after the procedure, Scheimpflug images were acquired, and Fourier analysis of the anterior surface of patients’ corneas was performed using the Pentacam built-in software. Fourier parameters encompass various measurements such as the steepest radius of the curvature and average eccentricity of the spherical components (SphRmin and SphEcc), maximum decentration (MaxDec), central and peripheral regular astigmatism (regular astigmatism at the center [AstC] and regular astigmatism at the periphery [AstP]), and irregularity (Irr). At 6 months postoperatively, SphEcc decreased significantly (P < .001), MaxDec increased significantly (P < .001), and Irr increased insignificantly (P = .254) in the SMILE group. SphEcc decreased significantly (P < .001) and MaxDec and Irr increased significantly (P < .001) in the TransPRK group. TransPRK caused greater changes in SphEcc, MaxDec, and Irr on the anterior corneal surface than SMILE (P < .05). The amount of MaxDec-induced changes in SMILE and TransPRK was significantly correlated with the amount of higher-order aberrations and spherical aberration changes (P < .05). SMILE and TransPRK increase overall irregular astigmatism on the anterior surface of the cornea, more so with TransPRK, where changes in decentration are associated with with increased higher-order aberrations.
The causal effect of obesity on concomitant exotropia: A lifecourse Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Changyang , Zhao Yaxin , Liu Jiasu , Zhao Qi
Published: March 2024

Obesity is now a significant global public health issue. Limited understanding exists regarding the association between obesity and concomitant exotropia. Our objective was to identify the causal relationship between lifecourse obesity, including birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI), and adult BMI, and the risk of concomitant exotropia. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) strategy to examine the causal relationship with inverse-variance weighted method as the primary MR analysis. We carried out sensitivity analyses to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of our findings. Also, we performed reverse-direction MR analysis to eliminate the possibility of reverse causality. Childhood BMI, as opposed to birth weight or adult BMI, had a significant impact on the risk of concomitant exotropia (odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.81, P = .01). This significance persisted even after accounting for birth weight and adult BMI using multivariable MR analysis (odds ratio = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.04–1.75, P = .02). There was no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy observed in sensitivity analyses (P > .05). Multivariable MR analysis further confirmed the absence of pleiotropic effects of some risk factors including prematurity, maternal smoking around birth and refractive error. Reverse causality did not affect the causal relationship (beta = −0.0244, 95% CI: −0.0545 to 0.0056, P = .11). Genetic predisposition to higher childhood BMI was found to be causally linked to an increased risk of concomitant exotropia.
The role of mitochondrial transfer via tunneling nanotubes in the central nervous system: A review
Authors: Chen Ye , Xiao Dongqiong , Li Xihong
Published: March 2024

Tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2) is a gene induced by tumor necrosis factor in endothelial cells. TNFAIP2 has important functions in physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, tunneling nanotube (TNT) formation and tumorigenesis. Moreover, TNFAIP2 is the key factor in the formation of TNTs. TNTs are related to signal transduction between different cell types and are considered a novel means of cell-to-cell communication. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells that exhibit self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation, paracrine function and immune-regulating ability. MSCs can transfer mitochondria through TNTs to improve the functions of target cells. This review revealed that TNFAIP2 promotes the formation of TNTs and that MSCs rely on TNTs for mitochondrial transfer to ameliorate cell dysfunction.
Brain metastasis in a patient with BRCA2-mutated treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma and long-term response to radiotherapy and Olaparib: A case report and literature review
Authors: Uehara Rio , Obinata Daisuke , Hashimoto Sho , Nakahara Ken , Uchida Hideaki , Yoshizawa Tsuyoshi , Mochida Junichi , Yamaguchi Kenya , Sakaguchi Masakuni , Ozawa Yoshinari , Mori Fumi , Miura Katsuhiro , Ishige Toshiyuki , Masuda Shinobu , Nakayama Tomohiro , Takahashi Satoru
Published: March 2024

Background:

A new subtype of prostate cancer called treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma (t-NEPC) was added to the revised World Health Organization classification of prostate cancer in 2022. t-NEPC cases are increasing, and there is no established standard treatment.

Methods:

A 49-year-old male patient was referred to our department for dysuria. A rectal examination and a prostate biopsy revealed stony hardness and prostate adenocarcinoma, respectively. Imaging studies confirmed the presence of multiple bone and lymph node metastases. The patient was started on upfront treatment with androgen deprivation therapy and an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor, which resulted in a significant (>90%) decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The patient experienced postrenal failure 6 months later, attributable to local disease progression. Concurrently, there was an elevation in neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and an enlargement of pelvic lymph node metastases, without PSA progression.

Results:

Biopsy specimen for cancer genome profiling revealed deletion of BRCA 2 and PTEN, AR amplification, and the presence of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene. Based on increased NSE and BRCA2 mutations, a diagnosis of t-NEPC with BRCA2 mutation was eventually made. The patient received docetaxel chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy. Subsequently, he was treated with olaparib. His NSE levels decreased, and he achieved a complete response (CR). However, 18 months following the olaparib administration, brain metastases appeared despite the absence of pelvic tumor relapse, and the patient’s PSA levels remained low. Consequently, the patient underwent resection of the brain metastases using gamma knife and whole-brain radiotherapy but died approximately 3 months later.

Conclusion subsections:

Platinum-based chemotherapy is often administered for the treatment of t-NEPC, but there are few reports on the effectiveness of olaparib in patients with BRCA2 mutations. In a literature review, this case demonstrated the longest duration of effectiveness with olaparib alone without platinum-based chemotherapy. Additionally, the occurrence of relatively rare, fatal brain metastases in prostate cancer after a long period of CR suggests the necessity of regular brain imaging examinations.
Advances in tumor immune microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A review of literature
Authors: Hong Qichao , Ding Shun , Xing Chengliang , Mu Zhonglin
Published: March 2024

Squamous cell carcinoma is seen as principal malignancy of head and neck. Tumor immune microenvironment plays a vital role in the occurrence, development and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The effect of immunotherapy, in particular, is closely related to tumor immune microenvironment. This review searched for high-quality literature included within PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the keywords “head and neck cancers,” “tumor microenvironment” and “immunotherapy,” with the view to summarizing the characteristics of HNSCC immune microenvironment and how various subsets of immune cells promote tumorigenesis. At the same time, based on the favorable prospects of immunotherapy having been shown currently, the study is committed to pinpointing the latest progress of HNSCC immunotherapy, which is of great significance in not only further guiding the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC, but also conducting its prognostic judgement.