bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Greek Financial Crisis and the voluntary conferral of jurisdiction to the ECJ in the light of state immunity
Authors: Pantazis Fotios
Published: February 2017

The purpose of the paper is to examine the interaction between the sovereign debt crisis and the doctrine of state immunity. For this purpose, the ‘bail-out scheme’ for Greece and more specifically the Loan Facility Agreement concluded between Greece and its Eurozone partners is taken as a case study. The Agreement was signed by the contract­ing parties on 8 May 2010 and it included an undertaking by Greece to waive its immunity.

The contracting parties have conferred exclusive jurisdiction over any dispute that might arise from the Agreement to the ECJ. The main consequence of this is that Greece cannot invoke the plea of immunity, regardless of the inclusion of the waiver in the Agreement. The possibility of a Member State invoking the plea of immunity during proceedings at the ECJ would make the existence of the Court pointless.

There would be no formal measures to enforce the ECJ’s decision as such measures are not provided by the Treaties framework for the procedure under Article 273 TFEU. A way of enforcement that involves the institutions of the Union has to be provisioned by the Agree­ment, which has not been done in this case. Moreover, the judgment should not be en­forced as a ‘common’ decision of a national court. Overall, the paper concludes that the notion of state immunity plays a limited role in the sovereign debt crisis.
Wrestling with Constitutionalism: the Supermajority and the Hungarian Constitutional Court
Authors: Vincze Attila
Published: February 2017

Since the elections of 2010, the right-wing coalition has a supermajority in the Hungarian Parliament, and is able to amend the Constitution without any further ado. The Constitution became a part of the political tool-kit which may and is amended as the government needs it to be amended. Under these circumstances, the Constitutional Court cannot be a vigorous guardian of constitutional values, and the Parliament did everything in order to housetrain the formerly widely acknowledged Constitutional Court: cut back its powers filled the bench with rather loyal justices and blocked the critical decisions.

The present article is aimed to describe and to critically analyze these strategies in a national and European context.
Erosion of Constitutional Rights in EU Law: A Call for ‘Substantive Co-operative Constitutionalism’
Authors: Albi Anneli
Published: February 2017

Part 1 of this paper (published in the previous issue) documented comparative case law in a number of areas - from the single market to the Data Retention Directive, European Arrest Warrant, ESM Treaty and constitutional review - where constitutional rights and rule of law safeguards have been levelled downwards in the context of imple­mentation of EU law in different Member States. Here, Part 2 of the paper propounds the concept of ‘substantive co-operative constitutionalism’, exploring how European constitutional law and the European constitutional law discourse could be recalibrated towards a greater responsiveness to substantive constitutional values. Part 2 starts by outlining an increasing shift from the mindset and vocabulary of classic, comparative (continental) European constitutional law, to a more formal, procedural, thin version of EU constitutionalism, where the keywords are supremacy, uniformity, direct effect, autonomy, effectiveness and trust. Indeed in the context of democracy and legitimacy in transnational govern­ance, some scholars have written about the ‘erosion’, ‘twilight’ or ‘decline’ of constitutional­ism or ‘the end of constitutionalism as we know it’. More recently, Euro crisis measures have prompted heightened concerns about the prolonged and perhaps even irreversible suspension of constitutionalism, the Rechtsstaat and democracy. Yet in the mainstream EU and transnational constitutional law discourse, such concerns have generally received limited attention. The article traces the reasons for the shift in the paradigm of constitutionalism on the basis of the literature on the epistemology of EU law and of transnational constitutional law, and argues that such a shift is not the only way forward. The paper then proceeds to outline some suggestions on how a more substantive version of co-operative constitutionalism could be operationalised in practice. This includes a significantly more probing and proactive role for the national constitutional courts, supreme courts and national parliaments, as well as the creation of mechanisms in the EU institutional and judicial framework for greater responsiveness to constitutional values and constitutional diversity.
Constitutional Changes and the Incremental Reductions of Collective Religious Freedom in Hungary
Authors: Jusic Asim
Published: February 2017

In the period from 1989 to the present day, Hungary twice changed its constitution and the framework of state-religion relations. In 2011/2012, its most recent constitution, the Fundamental Law was introduced, and with it new legislation on church-state relations, bringing with it an effect of de-registering a number of formerly-recognized smaller religious communities. The European Court of Human Rights in 2014 held these effects to be partially contrary to European human rights standards. I argue that, far from being an aberration, ‘the new church-state regime’ of 2012 represents the formal solidifi - cation of the already-operative mode of the 1989-2011 Hungarian church-state system. The Fundamental Law and new legislation on church-state relations merely built on an existing establishment and went on to formally legalize an already present status-based two-tier cooperationist regime between church and state, formally establishing historical churches while converting previously formally equal but de facto unequal smaller religious communities to a status of formal inequality. The positive neutrality stance of the Hungarian Constitutional Court toward state-church relations in the period 1989-2011 transformed applicable constitutional provisions of the previous 1989 Constitution guaranteeing liberal formal equality of religions and separate functioning of church and state into demands for positive neutrality, consequently providing partial legitimacy for the devolution of smaller religious communities to the inferior status of associations after 2012. Against such a background, the infl uence of the ECtHR and other international and European bodies, which are critical of the direction of state-church relations and politics in Hungary, in general appear limited, and will likely depend upon on-the-ground mobilization in resistance to - or in support of - changes or status quo.
The United Nations Security Council Sanctions and International Human Rights
Authors: Couzigou Irène
Published: February 2017

This article assesses whether the United Nations Security Council must respect human rights under international law when acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. It argues that the Security Council has to respect human rights enshrined in those human rights treaties drawn up under the United Nations’ auspices and in non-peremptory customary international law, when this is not incompatible with the Security Council’s objective of maintaining or restoring international peace and security. The analysis also argues however that the Security Council must comply with peremptory international human rights, with no exception. The paper concludes that Chapter VII action by the Security Council is limited only to a small extent by international human rights standards.
Effect of Processing Conditions on Microstructure and Pasting Properties of Extrusion-Cooked Starches
Authors: Mitrus Marcin , Wójtowicz Agnieszka , Oniszczuk Tomasz , Gondek Ewa , Mościcki Leszek
Published: February 2017

The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of extrusion-cooking process conditions on the structure and pasting properties of starch extrudates. In addition, the extrudates structure was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser microscopy (CSLM). Wheat, corn and potato starch were extrusion-cooked with different process parameters (moisture content, screw speed, process temperature) in a single screw extruder. Results showed influence of the process parameters on extruded starches pasting properties. Viscosity measurements indicated that water content during starch extrusion is more important than process temperature. The extrudates structure observed with scanning electron and confocal laser microscopes showed that the main effect of extrusion-cooking was loss of the crystalline structure of the starch and the formation of a cellular structure of the extrudates. In extrudates processed at higher starch moisture content reduced the quantity and diameters of created cells was observed.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of newer 1,3,4-oxadiazoles incorporated with benzothiazepine and benzodiazepine moieties
Authors: Navin Patel , Sarvil Patel , Amit Purohit , Divyesh Patel , Dhansukh Rajani , Moo-Puc Rosa , Rivera Gildardo
Published: February 2017

A series of thiazepines and diazepines having 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety were synthesized, and they were analyzed for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against several bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus Clavatus) and protozoa (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania mexicana). Few of the selected compounds were tested for their antitubercular activity. However, it was noticed that the potency of final analogs against each strain placed reliance on the type of substituent present on aryl ring of oxadiazole as well as presence of thiophene, pyridine, and furan at benzothiazepines and benzodiazepines. The biological screening identified that some of the compounds were found to possess good antimicrobial and antitubercular (62.5–100 μg/mL of MIC) activity.
Cell-Specific PKM Isoforms Contribute to the Maintenance of Different Forms of Persistent Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Hu Jiangyuan , Adler Kerry , Farah Carole Abi , Hastings Margaret H. , Sossin Wayne S. , Schacher Samuel
Published: February 2017

Multiple kinase activations contribute to long-term synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism mediating long-term memory. The sensorimotor synapse ofAplysiaexpresses different forms of long-term facilitation (LTF)—nonassociative and associative LTF—that require the timely activation of kinases, including protein kinase C (PKC). It is not known which PKC isoforms in the sensory neuron or motor neuron L7 are required to sustain each form of LTF. We show that different PKMs, the constitutively active isoforms of PKCs generated by calpain cleavage, in the sensory neuron and L7 are required to maintain each form of LTF. Different PKMs or calpain isoforms were blocked by overexpressing specific dominant-negative constructs in either presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons. Blocking either PKM Apl I in L7, or PKM Apl II or PKM Apl III in the sensory neuron 2 d after 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) treatment reversed persistent nonassociative LTF. In contrast, blocking either PKM Apl II or PKM Apl III in L7, or PKM Apl II in the sensory neuron 2 d after paired stimuli reversed persistent associative LTF. Blocking either classical calpain or atypical small optic lobe (SOL) calpain 2 d after 5-HT treatment or paired stimuli did not disrupt the maintenance of persistent LTF. Soon after 5-HT treatment or paired stimuli, however, blocking classical calpain inhibited the expression of persistent associative LTF, while blocking SOL calpain inhibited the expression of persistent nonassociative LTF. Our data suggest that different stimuli activate different calpains that generate specific sets of PKMs in each neuron whose constitutive activities sustain long-term synaptic plasticity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPersistent synaptic plasticity contributes to the maintenance of long-term memory. Although various kinases such as protein kinase C (PKC) contribute to the expression of long-term plasticity, little is known about how constitutive activation of specific kinase isoforms sustains long-term plasticity. This study provides evidence that the cell-specific activities of different PKM isoforms generated from PKCs by calpain-mediated cleavage maintain two forms of persistent synaptic plasticity, which are the cellular analogs of two forms of long-term memory. Moreover, we found that the activation of specific calpains depends on the features of the stimuli evoking the different forms of synaptic plasticity. Given the recent controversy over the role of PKMζ maintaining memory, these findings are significant in identifying roles of multiple PKMs in the retention of memory.
Mouth and Voice: A Relationship between Visual and Auditory Preference in the Human Superior Temporal Sulcus
Authors: Zhu Lin L. , Beauchamp Michael S.
Published: February 2017

Cortex in and around the human posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is known to be critical for speech perception. The pSTS responds to both the visual modality (especially biological motion) and the auditory modality (especially human voices). Using fMRI in single subjects with no spatial smoothing, we show that visual and auditory selectivity are linked. Regions of the pSTS were identified that preferred visually presented moving mouths (presented in isolation or as part of a whole face) or moving eyes. Mouth-preferring regions responded strongly to voices and showed a significant preference for vocal compared with nonvocal sounds. In contrast, eye-preferring regions did not respond to either vocal or nonvocal sounds. The converse was also true: regions of the pSTS that showed a significant response to speech or preferred vocal to nonvocal sounds responded more strongly to visually presented mouths than eyes. These findings can be explained by environmental statistics. In natural environments, humans see visual mouth movements at the same time as they hear voices, while there is no auditory accompaniment to visual eye movements. The strength of a voxel's preference for visual mouth movements was strongly correlated with the magnitude of its auditory speech response and its preference for vocal sounds, suggesting that visual and auditory speech features are coded together in small populations of neurons within the pSTS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans interacting face to face make use of auditory cues from the talker's voice and visual cues from the talker's mouth to understand speech. The human posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a brain region known to be important for speech perception, is complex, with some regions responding to specific visual stimuli and others to specific auditory stimuli. Using BOLD fMRI, we show that the natural statistics of human speech, in which voices co-occur with mouth movements, are reflected in the neural architecture of the pSTS. Different pSTS regions prefer visually presented faces containing either a moving mouth or moving eyes, but only mouth-preferring regions respond strongly to voices.
Using Natural Selection Concept Inventories in College Biology Classrooms to Improve Teaching and Learning
Authors: Presley Morgan L. , Gehringer Rebecca , Hanuscin Deborah L.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate how assessment instruments could be used in the college biology classroom for purposes other than researching instructional strategies (as they have been used in the past). Through participatory action research, a science educator and a biology faculty member examined how the CINS (Concept Inventory of Natural Selection) could be incorporated into the biology faculty member's classroom instruction. This paper shows that biology faculty members can use assessment instruments to build in-class activities and labs, to formatively assess student knowledge, and to confront student misconceptions. Several recommendations for incorporating assessment instruments in biology instruction and assessment are provided.
Gynaecomastia in 786 adult men: clinical and biochemical findings
Authors: Mieritz Mikkel G , Christiansen Peter , Jensen Martin Blomberg , Joensen Ulla N , Nordkap Loa , Olesen Inge A , Bang A Kirstine , Juul Anders , Jørgensen Niels
Published: February 2017

Objective

Gynaecomastia is a benign proliferation of glandular tissue of the breast; however, it is an important clinical observation because it can be the first symptom of an underlying disease. Some controversy exists concerning the clinical importance of an in-depth investigation of men who develop gynaecomastia. We hypothesise that a thorough work-up is required in adult men with gynaecomastia.

Design

All adult men (n = 818) referred to a secondary level andrological department at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, Denmark during a four-year period (2008–2011) under the diagnosis of gynaecomastia (ICD-10: N62) were included.

Methods

Thirty-two men who did not have gynaecomastia when examined were excluded; leaving 786 men for final analyses. They underwent an andrological examination, ultrasound of the testicles and analysis of endogenous serum hormones levels.

Results

In 43% of men with adult onset of gynaecomastia (≥18 years) an underlying, and often treatable, cause could be detected. In men younger at onset an underlying cause for gynaecomastia could be detected in merely 7.7%. The study is limited by the fact that we did not have access to investigate men who were referred directly by their GP to private clinics for plastic surgery or who sought cosmetic correction without consulting their GP first.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the importance of a thorough examination and provides a comprehensible examination strategy to disclose the underlying pathology leading to the development of gynaecomastia in adulthood.
From Embryo to Adult: piRNA-Mediated Silencing throughout Germline Development inDrosophila
Authors: Marie Pauline P , Ronsseray Stéphane , Boivin Antoine
Published: February 2017

In metazoan germ cells, transposable element activity is repressed by small noncoding PIWI-associated RNAs (piRNAs). Numerous studies in Drosophila have elucidated the mechanism of this repression in the adult germline. However, when and how transposable element repression is established during germline development has not been addressed. Here, we show that homology-dependent trans silencing is active in female primordial germ cells from late embryogenesis through pupal stages, and that genes related to the adult piRNA pathway are required for silencing during development. In larval gonads, we detect rhino-dependent piRNAs indicating de novo biogenesis of functional piRNAs during development. Those piRNAs exhibit the molecular signature of the “ping-pong” amplification step. Moreover, we show that Heterochromatin Protein 1a is required for the production of piRNAs coming from telomeric transposable elements. Furthermore, as in adult ovaries, incomplete, bimodal, and stochastic repression resembling variegation can occur at all developmental stages. Clonal analysis indicates that the repression status established in embryonic germ cells is maintained until the adult stage, suggesting the implication of a cellular memory mechanism. Taken together, data presented here show that piRNAs and their associated proteins are epigenetic components of a continuous repression system throughout germ cell development.
Human Cell Assays for Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing and Crossing over During Double-Strand Break Repair
Authors: Zapotoczny Grzegorz , Sekelsky Jeff
Published: February 2017

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most deleterious types of lesions to the genome. Synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) is thought to be a major pathway of DSB repair, but direct tests of this model have only been conducted in budding yeast and Drosophila. To better understand this pathway, we developed an SDSA assay for use in human cells. Our results support the hypothesis that SDSA is an important DSB repair mechanism in human cells. We used siRNA knockdown to assess the roles of a number of helicases suggested to promote SDSA. None of the helicase knockdowns reduced SDSA, but knocking down BLM or RTEL1 increased SDSA. Molecular analysis of repair products suggests that these helicases may prevent long-tract repair synthesis. Since the major alternative to SDSA (repair involving a double-Holliday junction intermediate) can lead to crossovers, we also developed a fluorescent assay that detects crossovers generated during DSB repair. Together, these assays will be useful in investigating features and mechanisms of SDSA and crossover pathways in human cells.
Genome-Wide Screen for Haploinsufficient Cell Size Genes in the Opportunistic Yeast Candida albicans
Authors: Chaillot Julien , Cook Michael A , Corbeil Jacques , Sellam Adnane
Published: February 2017

One of the most critical but still poorly understood aspects of eukaryotic cell proliferation is the basis for commitment to cell division in late G1 phase, called Start in yeast and the Restriction Point in metazoans. In all species, a critical cell size threshold coordinates cell growth with cell division and thereby establishes a homeostatic cell size. While a comprehensive survey of cell size genetic determinism has been performed in the saprophytic yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, very little is known in pathogenic fungi. As a number of critical Start regulators are haploinsufficient for cell size, we applied a quantitative analysis of the size phenome, using elutriation-barcode sequencing methodology, to 5639 barcoded heterozygous deletion strains of the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans. Our screen identified conserved known regulators and biological processes required to maintain size homeostasis in the opportunistic yeast C. albicans. We also identified novel C. albicans-specific size genes and provided a conceptual framework for future mechanistic studies. Interestingly, some of the size genes identified were required for fungal pathogenicity suggesting that cell size homeostasis may be elemental to C. albicans fitness or virulence inside the host.
Transfer of Dorsoventral and Terminal Information from the Ovary to the Embryo by a Common Group of Eggshell Proteins in Drosophila
Authors: Mineo Alessandro , Furriols Marc , Casanova Jordi
Published: February 2017

The Drosophila eggshell is an extracellular matrix that confers protection to the egg and also plays a role in transferring positional information from the ovary to pattern the embryo. Among the constituents of the Drosophila eggshell, Nasrat, Polehole, and Closca form a group of proteins related by sequence, secreted by the oocyte, and mutually required for their incorporation into the eggshell. Besides their role in eggshell integrity, Nasrat, Polehole, and Closca are also required for embryonic terminal patterning by anchoring or stabilizing Torso-like at the eggshell. Here, we show that they are also required for dorsoventral patterning, thereby unveiling that the dorsoventral and terminal systems, hitherto considered independent, share a common extracellular step. Furthermore, we show that Nasrat, Polehole, and Closca are required for proper Nudel activity, a protease acting both in embryonic dorsoventral patterning and eggshell integrity, thus providing a means to account for the role of Nasrat, Polehole, and Closca. We propose that a Nasrat/Polehole/Closca complex acts as a multifunctional hub to anchor various proteins synthesized at oogenesis, ensuring their spatial and temporal restricted function.
GEOMORFOLOGÍA Y CARTOGRAFÍA DEL SECTOR CENTRAL DE CARTAGENA DE INDIAS – COLOMBIA
Authors: Furrier Max , Vargas-Cuervo German
Published: February 2017

El presente trabajo se refiere a la caracterización geomorfológica, morfoestructural y morfométrica de la región inmersa en la hoja 23 III D, localizada al Noreste de Colombia. La utilización de las técnicas de geoprocesamiento para la evaluación geomorfológica y morfoestructural, además de intentar reforzar las hipótesis levantadas en estudios anteriores, es considerada relevante, pues los productos generados son notables para así evidenciar de manera concisa la morfología del relieve, donde la influencia morfoestructural y tectónica en su configuración y disposición es demasiado fuerte. Las técnicas utilizadas en esta investigación consistirán en la elaboración y análisis de las planchas hipsométrica, de inclinación de las pendientes y geomorfológica, perfiles topográficos y cálculos morfométricos. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de los análisis de los productos generados muestran que la configuración del relieve está vinculada a una fuerte influencia morfoestructural y tectónica, incompatibles con una evolución basada única y exclusivamente en los aspectos climáticos, además de una intensa erosión costera de influencia antrópica.
La experiencia vivida de la mujer con enfermedad cardiovascular revascularizada: un estudio de caso
Authors: Florez Torres Inna Elida , Giraldo Mora Clara Victoria , Arzuaga Salazar Maria Angélica
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: Comprender los significados de la experiencia vividade una mujer revascularizada por enfermedad coronaria.Metodología: Estudio de caso fenomenológico con perspectivade género, realizado en Cartagena, Colombia, entre febrero y junio de 2015. El análisis temático estuvo guiado por el método de Van Manen. Resultados: La experiencia del cuerpo vivido significó percibir elanuncio de la enfermedad, prever los estragos sobre la corporeidad y feminidad, y anticiparse al sufrimiento. Las relaciones vividas significaron mantener un diálogo con un ser superior, una conexión de ayuda y dependencia con los cuidadores, Sentirse “al revés”: de cuidadora a cuidada. La experiencia del espacio vivido significó la entrada al quirófano: Atravesar la raya roja; la estancia en la unidad de cuidado intensivo, recibir un cuidado en soledad; salir de ella, la alegría de ganar una lucha. El tiempo vivido significó un punto dequiebre entre el antes y el ahora, un tránsito temporal de la experiencia, y recuperarse para mantener el rol. Las cosas vividas significaron una preocupación anticipada y una pérdida del dominio del rol.Conclusión: Los significados otorgados a la experiencia permiten comprender su particularidad existencial. Durante la espera para la cirugía, la mujer se anticipa a los efectos sobre el rol social, sus dinámicas e interacciones; al enfrentarse al procedimiento, vive una situación límite. Intervenciones sensibles al género son requeridas para reconocer las necesidades de la mujer en los diferentes contextos de cuidado.
Representation and Equality: Basic Education Democracy in Minangkabau
Authors: Warnis Warnis
Published: February 2017

Social life of a village in Minangkabau is built on a tradition of democracy and mutual agreement. This study aims to explain and elaborate on the values contained in the legend and tradition as the basis of democratic education in Minangkabau. Furthermore, it also describes the potential and contribution of the custom that support the understanding of democracy and democratization process that includes: Representativeness, Sakato consensus (Sakato, an institution that accommodates the aspirations of the people), decision-making, basic freedoms and individual engagement in decision-making, and the equality of voting rights in the deliberations. This study used a qualitative approach, comprehensive interviews and documentation as data collection. The data source is the prince, traditional leaders, Nagari custom, traditional Alam Minangkabau, Bundo Kanduang, religious leaders and society. Data analyzed refers to the analysis of qualitative data presented by Alwasilah (2002). The results showed that the global concept of democracy can be united with the democracy education system brought by traditional communities. That is, people's understanding of democracy education not only refers to the idea of West democracy. However, the custom values of society can be used as the basis democratic education for Minangkabau society of the present and future. The result also shows that the Minangkabau community has first implemented democracy based on traditional values long before Western democracy applied in Indonesia, especially in Minangkabau.
The Effect of Time Token Technique towards Students’ Speaking Skill at Science Class of Senior High School 1 Pariaman
Authors: Kristiawan Muhammad , Parlian Riaci Bertty , Johari Indra
Published: February 2017

This research aims at finding out the effect of time token technique towards students’ speaking skill. This research was experiment. The population in this research was students at grade XI of High School 1 Pariaman consist of 170 students. Cluster random sampling was used to determine two classes which consist of 68 students. MIPA1 was treated through time token technique while MIPA5 was treated through debate technique. The result of the study showed that the mean score of experimental class was 78.41 with standard deviation 5.39 and mean score of control class was 75.71 with standard deviation 5.35. In order to prove the hypothesis, the t-test score of experimental class was compared with t-table score. It showed that the result of t-test of the experimental class was 2.094 while the result of t-table at a level of significance with α = 0.05 was 1.997. It indicated that the t-score of experimental class was higher than t-table, 2.094 1.997. It means Ho is rejected and Hi was accepted. It was clear that time token technique gave significance effect towards students’ speaking skill.
Intensive Class Training Model for Developing Lecturers’English Competence at IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Authors: Darmayenti Darmayenti , Nofiadri Nofel
Published: February 2017

Research and Development (RD) project was used to develop lecturers’ English competence particularly on speaking and writing at State Institute of Islamic Studies of Imam Bonjol Padang.  The lecturers need to develop their competence in English in order to prepare themselves to add new information of lecturing materials and writing papers. Borg and Gall’s steps were used to develop the model. Twenty active lecturers who had s2 and s3 program, who were randomly selected, participated on this research. During the process of the research, observation, questionnaire, and TOEFL test, speaking and writing tests were used to collect the data. The experimental research type and one group pre test- post test design were used to conduct the research. The result of the research showed that 74% of respondents need intensive class training model to develop their English competence. The implementation of intensive class training model gave a significant effect toward lecturers’ English competence. It is concluded that this model is more effective to improve lecturers’ on English competences. Therefore, it is recommended that this model can be implemented at IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang in order to develop lecturers’ English competences and to enhance the quality of lecturers.
Involving Students’ Opinion in Actual and Preferred Teacher Interpersonal Behavior and Their Attitude Towards Science Subject
Authors: Nasution Mustafa Kamal
Published: February 2017

This study aims to investigate the student perception on teacher interpersonal behavior and their attitude toward science subject. 207 respondents were involved, consisted of 200 students in 10-12 grade and 7 science teachers of public high school in Aceh. Two types of questionnaires were used namely the Indonesian version of the questionnaire of teacher interaction (QTI) and test of science related attitude (TOSRA). SPSS program were applied to process the data statistically. First, the reliability of questionnaires is measured using descriptive statistics of all and each scale of QTI. Second, the difference between students’ perceptions on the actual and ideal teacher interpersonal behavior was computed by Paired Sample t-tests. Third, the relationship between students' perception on teachers’ interpersonal behavior and students' attitudes towards science subjects was compared using multiple regression analysis-standardized regression coefficient β. The finding showed that the Indonesian version of questionnaire of teacher interaction (QTI) is reliable (αC = 0.86), to be applied to the high school students in the regency. It is generally seen that the students consider their teachers demonstrate more positive interpersonal behavior than the negative. However, it is clearly seen that between actual and ideal perceptions on the whole scale of QTI is significantly different. Last, from the three scales of teacher interpersonal behavior, helping/friendly, dissatisfaction, and admonishing appeared influential, only the helping/friendly scale significantly correlate (at the .05 level) with student attitudes toward science subject.
Employing Graphic Organizers through Team-Pair-Solo Strategy to Improve Reading Comprehension of Eighth Graders at SMPN 9 Kubung
Authors: Satriyani Lina , Moerdibjon Arwijati Wahjudi , Prayogo Johannes Ananto
Published: February 2017

This research was conducted to improve the students’ reading comprehension by employing graphic organizers through Team-Pair-Solo strategy. Classroom Action Research which involved 32 eighth graders was employed in this study. The instruments were reading comprehension test, observation checklists, field notes and questionnaire. The steps done in employing the strategy were: (1) working in group in comprehending the text, (2) discussing the answer, (3) working in pairs,(4) creating their own graphic organizers, (5) swapping their work (6) giving feedback, (7) discussing the feedback (8) revising individually, (9) retelling the text by using their graphic organizers. The findings of this study showed that the strategy improved students’ ability; most of the students (87.5%) were actively involved and enthusiastic in teaching-learning process; and most of them (90%) gave positive perceptions toward the implementation of the strategy. These results indicated that the strategy was effective in improving students’ reading comprehension ability.
The Effect of Jigsaw towards Third Year Students’ Learning Interest in IAIN Bukittinggi
Authors: Hasnawati Hasnawati
Published: February 2017

This research aims to determine: 1). The implementation of Jigsaw in test and  evaluation course for third semester students of Islamic education department in IAIN Bukittinggi; 2). The types of students’ learning interest in test and evaluation course; and 3). The effect of Jigsaw towards students’ learning interest at Islamic education department in IAIN Bukittinggi. This research was conducted through survey method using regression analysis with one predictor. The total population in this research is 353 students in which 11.9% of them is taken as sample (42 students). The data were collected through questionnaire, documentation, and observation. The findings of the study showed that: 1). Jigsaw is in the “average” category with the mean score 66 in 65-67 interval; 2). Third semester students’ learning interest of Islamic education department in IAIN Bukittinggi is in “average” category with the mean score of 65.95 in 65-67 interval; and 3). There is a positive effect of Jigsaw towards learning interest in test and evaluation course for third semester students of Islamic education department in IAIN Bukittinggi, which is demonstrated from the statistical analysis rxy= 0.6365 while from hypothesis testing by simple regression analysis, it is obtained that Y = 0.5182 X + 31.3701. it is concluded that there is significant effect of Jigsaw towards students’ learning interest in test and evaluation course for third semester students of Islamic education major in IAIN Bukittinggi.
Identifying Characters of “Where Angel Fear to Tread Novel” in Teaching Literary Work
Authors: Suhaimi Suhaimi
Published: February 2017

The aim of the research is to identify some characters in the novel Where Angels Fear to Tread in teaching literary works. In learning of characters, someone will understand about the term of the interests, desires, emotions, and moral those form the individual within a story. Library research was used in thid study. The experts divide characters become two characters; they are central characters and additional characters. Central characters are a character who takes the greatest part in the main character or a figure that is most telling. Volume appearance of the main character more than the other characters. Meanwhile, additional characters or subordinate figures are figures that appear once or several times, figures that support or assist the central figure. In the novel Where Angels Fear To Tread, writer found some figures or characters such as: Mrs. Herriton, Lilia, Philip, Gino, and Carroline Abbot. Each of them had different characters; Mrs Herriton was a selfish and arrogant because she came from a high social status. Lilia was a patient and never denied what was ruled by her mother in-low although sometimes she was often treated her like slaves. Philip was figured as a handsome man, his tolerance and empathy were high. Gino was figured as stupid character. Miss Abbott as a nice, quiet, dull, and friendly.
Improving Students’ Mastery on Simple Present Tense Through Climbing Grammar Mountain Game
Authors: Taslim Fadilla
Published: February 2017

This study aims to determine whether the use of Climbing Grammar Mountain Game gave significant improvement on students in learning simple present tense. Classroom action research was used in this study where the data were analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The population of the study was the students of grade eleventh at SMPN 1 Luak 50 Kota. There were 21 students in this class. Six kinds of instruments were used to collect data, namely teaching ,scenario, observation sheet, questionnaire, test, interview, and teacher’s journal. This study ran for two cycles. In the second cycle, it was shown that there was gradual improvement from the previous cycle which changed from 64 (insufficient) to 79 (sufficient) of the mean score. it was more than criteria of the students’ mean score which were determined in this study and it was significant because it proved that the students enthusiasm to study simple present tense, it mean that the students liked and were not bored again so this was a motivation for them to more concentrate to study simple present tense and they could use it in daily life for communication. They understand that simple present tense is important in learning English because it is used in daily life, either in writing and spoken language. It could be concluded that Climbing Grammar Mountain Game could improve the ability of the students in class VII B of SMPN 1 Luak 50 Kota in using Simple Present Tense.
The Effect of Using Cooking Academy Game towards Students’ Writing Ability
Authors: Sari Nofrika , Nufus Hayatin
Published: February 2017

This study is an experimental research that discussed the impact of the use of cooking academy game in teaching writing on the students’ ability in writing procedure text at class VII Junior Secondary School I Pangkalan Baru Lima Puluh Kota. This study was aimed to determine the effects of the use of cooking academy game towards the student's ability in writing procedure text. In this study, the population is the students of class VII, while sample are two classes: one class for the experimental class and another class for control. Samples were drawn randomly. Data were collected by giving pre-test and post-test on the sample. Data were, then, analyzed applying t-test formula. The results showed that students who were taught to write text using the procedure of cooking academy game has the ability to write higher than students who are not taught by using games cooking academy.
The Contributions of Quranic Tahfidz to Mental Health
Authors: Trinova Zulvia , Wati Salmi
Published: February 2017

One of the miracles of the Quran is believed to influence the human’s mental health, particularly to those who can memorize it.  The Huffazh (Quranic Tahfidz) has been discussed in many verses, but only recently that scientific investigation gauged this issue, resulted in tremendous efforts to implant it among Muslim communities.  The current study seeks to uncover the contribution of Quranic Tahfidz to mental health.  Eight hundred and twenty- eight students studying Islamic Studies in the Faculty of Islamic Education and Teacher Training were interviewed, observed, and given questionnaires to find out their level of tahfidz and mental health.  The findings revealed among other things that 62.5 percents of the respondents were the huffadz for 1 to 5 juz.  The huffazh in 6 to 10 juz constituted 7.5 percents, and there were only 10 huffazhs who memorized up to 10 juz.
The Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning Integrated With Islamic Values Based on ICT on Higher Order Thinking Skill and Students’ Character
Authors: Anwar Chairul
Published: February 2017

The focus of this research is to known the influence of Problem Based Learning (PBL) model application, that intergrated with Islamic values based on ICT, toward the ability of higher-order thinkingskill and the strenghtening of students’ characters. This research is quasy experiment type with group design pretest-postest. The research was conducted in SMA.Sampling by means of random sampling, to determine the control class and experimentalclass.Data analysis technique used is the t-test, based on the value of significance, as well as test-effect size. The research data shows that the model of problem based learning integrates Islamic values based on ICThas positive influence towards the increasing of higher-order thinking skill and the strenghtening of students’ characters compared to the students that use conventional method.The result of effect size test on experimental class in on medium category. It means that the learning which use problem based learning (PBL) model, integrated with Islamic values based on ICT, can be said effective on increasing higher order thinking skillof students.
Developing the EFL Students’ Reading Comprehension By Employing Herringbone Technique
Authors: Yusuf Yunisrina Qismullah , Fajrina Dian , Sari Irma
Published: February 2017

This research aims to find out whether Herringbone Technique can developEFL students’ reading comprehension or not, especially in finding the main idea and supporting details in a recount text. The literature notes that Herringbone is known to be one of the techniques that can helpstudents to find important information and main idea in a text by seeking for answers on six comprehension questions on a diagram, viewed such as a fish’s skeleton. The sample of this research was 30 second grade junior high school students. The researchers employed simple random sampling to choose the sample. It further used the quantitative experimental approach with the pre-experimental design in the form of one group pre-test-post-test design.Pre-test was given before treatments, while post-test was given after the students were taught reading by using the Herringbone Technique. Each pre-test and post-test consisted of ten questions. The statistical formulas were used to analyze the data from the students tests’ scores. The mean score of pre-test was 59 and the post-test was 76. Futhermore, the result of t-test was 10.15, while the critical value of 0.05 significant level was 2.045, with the degree of freedom of 29. Since t-test (10.15) was higher than t-table (2.045), this study concludes that this technique could increase the EFL students’ reading comprehension.Despite in practice the researchers found that this technique decreased the students’ efforts in note-taking, however it did not inhibited them in obtaining improved scores in their reading tests.
PERUBAHAN UPAYA DAN HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI SEKITAR LAUT JAWA: KAJIAN PASKA KOLAPS PERIKANAN PUKAT CINCIN BESAR
Authors: Suwarso Suwarso , Wudianto Wudianto , Atmaja Suherman Banon
Published: February 2017

Penyusutan stok (biomassa) ikan pelagis di Laut Jawa dan Selat Makassar akibat peningkatan kapasitas penangkapan yang tak terkontrol diduga menjadi sumber penyebab penurunan produktivitas pukat cincin yang berlangsung secara simultan sejak tahun 1995 sampai dengan sekarang (tahun 2006), serta memberikan hasil tangkapan semakin rendah dan tidak menguntungkan. Kajian tentang perubahan upaya dan hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis pasca collaps perikanan pukat cincin inididasarkan pada data hasil tangkapan (per spesies) dan upaya (jumlah trip, hari laut) kapal pukat cincin yang mendarat di Pekalongan dan Juwana kurun waktu tahun 1999 sampai dengan 2006. Hasil menunjukkan jumlah kapal aktif berkurang, karena sejumlah kapal tidak lagi dapat beroperasi (bangkrut), sedang kapal yang beroperasi nampak tidak efisien yang terlihat dari jumlah hari laut yang semakin lama, jumlah trip per kapal juga makin menurun. Tidak ada lagi perluasan daerah penangkapan baru karena perluasan telah mencapai maksimum pada tahun 1996. Selain itu, dalam usaha merespon ketidakseimbangan antara hasil yang diperoleh dengan tinggi biaya eksploitasi,beberapa kelompok usaha perikanan bermodal kuat juga melakukan ekspansi (relokasi) daerah penangkapan baru di luar perairan Laut Jawa dan Selat Makassar; transhipment di laut dimungkinkan banyak dilakukan. Penurunan laju tangkap terjadi di hampir seluruh daerah penangkapan, disertai dengan pergeseran komposisi spesies terutama di Jawa bagian timur (Matasirih) dan Selat Makassar. Terutama pada puncak musim hasil tangkapan (musim peralihan antara bulan September sampai dengan Nopember), kategori layang (Decapterus spp.) yang dalam keadaan normal dominan keberadaan tergeser oleh muncul spesies baru, yaitu ikan ayam-ayaman (Aluterus monoceros, Monacanthidae). Selar bentong (Selar crumenophthalmus) cenderung semakin banyak, tetapi banyar(Rastrelliger kanagurta) makin sedikit. Kontrol upaya sangat penting dilakukan kalau tujuan sustainable fisheries akan dicapai; bagi perikanan pelagis Laut Jawa kontrol tersebut dalam hal jumlah dan ukuran kapal, teknologi penangkapan, dan lama di laut.
PROPORSI DAN KOMPOSISI HASIL TANGKAPAN JARING TIGA LAPIS (TRAMMEL NET) DI PELABUHAN RATU
Authors: Hufiadi Hufiadi
Published: February 2017

Nelayan di Pelabuhan Ratu banyak mengoperasikan alat tangkap Jaringan tiga lipat (jatilap) yang memiliki perbedaan ukuran mata jaring, khususnya jaring lapisan dalam (inner net). Hal ini diduga dapat mempengaruhi komposisi hasil tangkapan ikan yang diperoleh berdasarkan pada jatilap yang diujicobakan yaitu dengan cara terjerat, terpuntal, terkantung, dan tersangkut. Ikan yang tertangkap dengan cara terpuntal paling dominan dibandingkan dengan cara lainnya. Jatilap dengan jaring lapisan dalam 1,75" memperoleh total tangkapan 259 ekor (51,59%) terdiri atas udang dogol (sasaran tangkapan) 10 ekor dan tangkapan lain (bukan sasaran) 249 ekor. Sementara itu, untuk jaring lapisan dalam 2,0" menangkap udang 9 ekor dan tangkapan lainnya 234 ekor dengan total tangkapan 243ekor (48,41%). Ikan yang dominan tertangkap jatilap adalah ikan bilis (Thryssa sp.) (25,5%), pepetek (Leiognathus spp) (19,7%), dan senangin (Polynemus sp.) (16,3%).