bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Health Insurance and Healthcare Seeking Behavior in Urban Ethiopia
Authors: Zarepour Zahra , Mebratie Anagaw , Shamebo Dessalegn , Shigute Zemzem , Alemu Getnet , Bedi Arjun S.
Published: November 2023

Background: After years of planning, in 2024 the government of Ethiopia proposes to introduce a compulsory Social Health Insurance (SHI) program for formal sector employees. The proposed scheme will provide access to contracted healthcare facilities at a premium of 3% of the gross monthly income of employees with another 3% coming from the employer. Objectives: Several studies have examined the willingness to pay (WTP) this premium, however, little is known about the healthcare seeking behavior (HSB) of formal sector employees. This paper investigates both – the determinants of healthcare seeking behavior and among other aspects, WTP the premium. Through these explorations, the paper sheds light on the potential challenges for implementation of SHI. Methods: Descriptive statistics, logit, and multinomial logit (MNL) models are used to analyze retrospective survey data (2,749 formal sector employees) which covers the major regions of the country. Findings: Regarding outpatient care, a majority of the visits (55.9%) were to private healthcare providers. In the case of inpatient care, it was the opposite with a majority of healthcare seekers visiting public sector hospitals (62.5%). A majority of the sample (67%) supported the introduction of SHI but only 24% were willing to pay the proposed SHI premium. The average WTP was 1.6% of gross monthly income. Respondents in the two richest income quintiles were more likely to oppose SHI and consider it unfair. Conclusion: The prominent role of the private sector and the resistance to SHI amongst the two richest income quintiles, suggests that the SHI program needs to actively include private healthcare facilities within its ambit. Additionally, concerted efforts at enhancing the quality of care available at public health facilities, both, in terms of perception and patient-centered care and addressing drug and equipment availability bottlenecks, are needed, if SHI is to garner wider support.
Ativismo judicial e diálogos transjudiciais: parâmetros para a interação entre decisões nacionais e estrangeiras
Authors: Cruz Paulo Marcio , Makowiecky Salles Bruno
Published: November 2023

Este artigo promove uma articulação entre a categoria do Ativismo Judicial e a dos diálogos mantidos entre juízes e Cortes, estudados em doutrinas como o Transconstitucionalismo e o Transjudicialismo, e reunidos sob a fórmula mais ampla dos Diálogos Transjudiciais. O objetivo é o de contribuir para a construção de alguns parâmetros que conciliem os elementos articulados, visando que as interações transjudiciais revistam-se de cientificidade e harmonizem-se com a legitimidade democrática. Como resultado, a título conclusivo, a mencionada articulação entre as categorias permitiu a criação de certos parâmetros não-taxativos sujeitos a um contínuo desenvolvimento.
O uso do design comportamental nas plataformas tecnológicas e as iniciativas de sua regulamentação: Um estudo do modelo gancho
Authors: Morato Otavio , Coelho Nunes Dierle José
Published: November 2023

Recentemente, as ciências comportamentais alavancaram o desenvolvimento de estratégias para intervir na tomada de decisão humana. No âmbito das plataformas de tecnologia, aliar técnicas comportamentais à predição algorítmica tem possibilitado a captura da atenção e o engajamento do usuário em níveis sem precedentes. A partir do Modelo Gancho, este artigo identifica estratégias de design comportamental utilizadas no mundo digital, discutindo como elas contribuem para criar e modular hábitos individuais. Conclui-se que as empresas de tecnologia, especialmente as redes sociais mais conhecidas, incorporam técnicas comportamentais no design produtos e serviços, com vistas a manter o usuário permanentemente conectado. Tais implicações abrem oportunidade para reflexões regulatórias, notadamente nos casos em que se detecta a presença de dark patterns e manipulação comportamental dos indivíduos.
Futbol Antrenör Eğitim Programlarının Etkililiğine Yönelik Antrenör Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: TAŞ Zeki
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada, futbol antrenör eğitim programlarının etkililiğine ilişkin antrenör deneyimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseninin kullanıldığı araştırmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 2022 yılında Antalya’da Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu (TFF) tarafından yürütülen Antrenör Eğitim Programları (AEP)’na kabul edilen gönüllü 20 futbol UEFA A antrenör adayı katılmıştır. Veriler, alan yazını ve pilot çalışmanın sonunda ulaşılan ve 5 sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşmeler yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Veriler betimsel analiz tekniği çerçevesinde ve betimlemeye dayalı deneyimlerin ana temalara ayrılmasıyla özetlenerek yorumlanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; çevrim içi toplantılara, seminer ve uygulama eğitimlerine, ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerine ve antrenör eğitim programının genel organizasyonuna yönelik antrenör deneyimlerinden oluşan bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak antrenör eğitim programlarından önce gerçekleştirilen çevrim içi toplantıların oryantasyon itibariyle daha nitelikli hale getirilmesi, seminer eğitimlerinde nitelikli doküman sağlanması, taktik animasyon programların kullanımına yönelik eğitim verilmesi, uygulama eğitimlere yönelik müfredatın uygulanabilir yoğunluğa indirgenmesi, ölçme değerlendirme süreçlerine yönelik antrenörler üzerinde oluşan sınav ve not kaygısına yönelik tedbirlerin alınması, kurs ücretlerinin daha makul miktarlara indirilmesi, seminer süresince konaklama ve lojistik gibi verilen hizmet kalitesine yönelik iyileştirilmelere gidilmesi AEP’in daha etkili ve verimli hale gelmesine yönelik önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
A successfully rehabilitated post-mucormycosis maxillary defect with guided quad-zygomatic implants: A case report
Authors: Chakravarthy Akash , Sharma Dinesh , Vinnakota Geyasri , Ramanujam Racheeta , Chakrabarti Sulagna , Reddy Deepika
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Mucormycosis infection has received occasional attention because of the low number of cases in comparison with other frequent infections. With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 disease, the incidence of fungal infections like mucormycosis has increased. In mucormycosis, after surgical debridement, the defects that result are different from other maxillary defects. In terms of functional and aesthetic rehabilitation there are several treatment options for patients with maxillectomy defects. Amidst all, zygomatic implants are more favorable and viable solution for the above-mentioned defects. Since there is a scarcity in literature on the use of zygomatic implants in such cases, we presented a case report using the utmost advantage of these implants in rehabilitation of maxillary defects.

Case Report: In the present case report, a 38-year-old male patient presented with an absence of the maxillary alveolar bone and anterior nasal spine and minimal presence of hard palate. Such type of maxillary defect following mucormycosis was managed with quad zygomatic implants with computer-guided approach.

Conclusion: Thus, the author concluded through this case report that a severe maxillectomy defects can be managed well with the zygomatic implants. In the present article, the author preferred to perform under guide in order to avoid errors while placement of implants. Hence, proper diagnosis with definitive surgical approach can help in achieving precise treatment outcome and establishing patient’s self-esteem.
Niveles de inteligencia emocional en estudiantes de inglés, facultad FAREM-Matagalpa: estudio de caso
Authors: Roa Rocha Julio César
Published: November 2023

El siguiente artículo presenta avances de un estudio doctoral, cuyo objetivo es valorar los niveles de inteligencia emocional que poseen los estudiantes de la carrera de ciencias de la educación con mención en inglés de FAREM-Matagalpa. Este estudio utilizó el enfoque mixto, cuantitativo-cualitativo. Para fines de recolección de datos, se administró un test para estimar el nivel de inteligencia emocional dirigido a 25 estudiantes, considerados una unidad de análisis dentro de la estrategia de estudio de caso. El test estuvo compuesto por 30 enunciados en escala de tipo Likert. Para propósitos de análisis, se asignó un valor numérico y cualitativo a las respuestas. Los hallazgos generales indican que los estudiantes cuentan con habilidades emocionales que les permiten ser conscientes de sus objetivos y emociones para el aprendizaje del idioma inglés.
La seguridad en la atención al usuario en las unidades de salud de Nicaragua: un compromiso científico-ético del profesional sanitario
Authors: Suárez Zenayda Aurora , Castrillo Reyes Carmen Dolores , Obando Téllez Pablo José , Lira Romero Yasmari Elieth
Published: November 2023

El escrito hace una reflexión acerca de la seguridad del paciente durante el proceso de atención que demanda en las diferentes unidades de salud. Existen normas y protocolos que garantizan la calidad de atención en los servicios que brindan los profesionales de la salud.  Las instituciones sanitarias públicas y privadas están comprometidas a garantizar las condiciones para que se desarrolle un proceso seguro, eficaz, eficiente y libre de errores, así mismo, los profesionales sanitarios desde la formación tienen un compromiso que demanda de principios éticos y deontológicos, de manera que, todos han de cumplir con esas normas garantes de salvaguardar la salud y la vida del paciente bajo el principio de no maleficencia. La Organización Mundial de la Salud por su parte ha enfatizado fuertemente en estrategias que garantizan la seguridad en la atención al usuario diseñadas en los diferentes instrumentos de monitoreo y evaluación de indicadores de los servicios de salud. Estas estrategias están dirigidas desde aspectos estructurales y organizativos en el sistema de la salud pública, pero también, a la acción humana; como los profesionales de la salud son capaces de trabajar en equipo, de interactuar de manera efectiva cada contexto de actuación sin perder de vista que, cada uno tiene una responsabilidad diferente en el proceso de atención. Por esta razón, se afirma que la seguridad del paciente no es sólo responsabilidad del personal de enfermería, aunque sean estos quienes tienen una fuerte responsabilidad con ellos.
Invest in Connection: Being present pays dividends
Authors:   Character Lab, Schulz Marc
Published: November 2023

Those teens, however, still need your presence and the connection you have with them. Research finds that teens who grow in independence while maintaining their connection to their parents do better—with higher self-esteem and a more mature understanding of the world—than the ones who become autonomous at the expense of those ties.
Eating Disorder blogs during Covid-19: A window into recovery progress
Authors: Batchelder Emma , Dellasega Cheryl , Levine Martha Peaslee
Published: November 2023

During times of crisis, those who are in recovery from pre-existing conditions such as eating disorders can be at increased risk for exacerbation of existing illnesses and other comorbid conditions. 37 blogs focused on eating disorder recovery were identified via internet searches (Google search, National Eating Disorder Association, HealthLine, and Psychology Today) and reviewed by the research team. Nine blogs with posts spanning November 2019 to June 2020 were chosen, using set inclusion/exclusion criteria of posts written prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, for thematic analysis. Persons who identified as being in recovery from eating disorders experienced many of the same stressors as the general population, but these were influenced by the nuances of their illness. Food scarcities led to anxiety and a focus on searching grocery stores to obtain provisions. Lockdown impacted the emotional status of bloggers by distancing them from their support networks and their treatment teams. Loss of support systems, including family and virtual communities, left bloggers feeling isolated. Persons struggling with eating disorders, attempting to overcome their illness but less stable in their recovery in the pre-Covid period tended not to improve during the Covid-19 period, and in some cases experienced increasing symptoms or complete relapse, a loss of motivation, and a sense of despair that can impact recovery status.
‘The most important thing is that we actually work together towards our relationship.’An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis on how young women in couple relationships experience mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Groza Madalina
Published: November 2023

Young women’s mental health is reported to be poorer, and it seems to be most affected by relationship quality in comparison to young men. This study explored the experiences of mental health and wellbeing in young women’s couple relationships. The participants were five females, between 19 to 28 years old, and were in monogamous long-term heterosexual couple relationships. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews, which was later analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings demonstrate that couple relationships seemed to only have a positive impact on the participants’ wellbeing if their investments within the relationship were reciprocated. These findings have the potential to aid support services by shedding light on the role that the quality of couple relationships play in young women’s mental health and wellbeing.
Plastic waste to sustainable solutions: accelerating the biodegradation of syn-thetic plastics
Authors: Ferrero Pablo
Published: November 2023

Plastic waste to sustainable solutions: accelerating the biodegradation of syn-thetic plastics

BioICEP combines chemical and biological methods to turn fossil-based plastic waste into natural, biodegradable substitutes for the packaging and pharma industries. It combines three technologies that enhance, accelerate and increase the degradation of plastics to levels far beyond what is currently possible. A triple-action depolymerization system breaks down plastic waste through chemical disintegration processes, biocatalytic digestion and microbial consortia.
Our plastic world – what does it mean for our health?
Authors: Mass Elvira , Mayer Marina , Makdissi Nikola , Viola Maria Francesca
Published: November 2023

Our plastic world – what does it mean for our health?

The interdisciplinary ERC Starting Grant project “Understanding the impact of nanoplastics on the development of neurological disorders (NanoGlia)” studies how plastic particles activate immune cells in the developing and ageing brain, thereby causing neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerational disorders.
Kegyesség és egyházpolitika: Szőnyi Benjámin 1790 után született két műve (Magyar Halleluja, Magyarhoz illő Szent Musika...)
Authors: Imre Mihály
Published: November 2023

1790 után fordulat következik be Szőnyi Benjámin alkotói pályáján. Ekkorra már országosan ismert szerző, a Szentek hegedűje sokszor megjelent, a Gyermekek Fisikája a hazai fiziko-telógiai irodalom élvonalába került. A Türelmi Rendelet majd II. Lipót trónra lépése az egész magyar protestantizmus számára új, kedvezőbb korszakot nyitott. Szőnyi az egyház-politikai harcoknak is aktív szereplője, 1791-ben delegálják a budai zsinatra; ekkor ér valláspolitikai befolyásának csúcspontjára. A történelemben mélyen gyökerező felekezeti szembenállások megszűnésének esélye az egész nemzet boldogulásának növekvő reményét ébreszti benne, és eddig szinte ismeretlen regisztert erősít meg munkásságában. A Magyar halleluja… 1791-ben jelent meg, Ráday Gedeonnak ajánlotta: heves érzelmekkel éli át a kibővülő nemzeti közösség élményét, amelynek saját felekezete egyenrangú tagjává vált. Ezért is ismétli feltűnően sokszor a versben a magyar hazánk, nemzetünk, magyar nemzetünk, édes hazánk boldogító közösségi élményét. Sokszor hivatkozik François Fénelon műveire, aki a vallási tolerancia egyik fő teoretikusa volt, nagyon népszerű a hazai protestánsok között. Hangvétele néhol érintkezik a korszak politikai költészetével. A Magyarhoz Illő Szent Musika, az az: Istent áldó és imádó Új Énekek, […] c. verses köszöntő II. Lipót magyar királlyá koronázásának alkalmából született. (Ehhez hasonló protestáns verses köszöntők sokasága jelent meg országszerte.) Hangvétele hasonló az előző műhöz, a „magyarok Istene” fordulat itt is megjelenik. A címlap szerint a hosszadalmas verset 1791 január 9-én elénekelte a vásárhelyi gyülekezet. A kötet egy példányát kéziratos dedikációval ellátva Teleki Sámuelnek küldte Marosvásárhelyre, bizonyítva a szerző erdélyi kapcsolatrendszerét.
Felnőttképzés és Szabad Lyceum egy bácskai városban a dualizmus korában
Authors: Fábián Borbála
Published: November 2023

A Szabad Lyceumok szervezését ritkán kötik katolikus szervezetekhez. Egy bácskai város, Baja mégis arra példa, hogy a helyi katolikus legényegylet valósította meg az országos mozgalomhoz való kapcsolódást. Az ismerettejesztő előadások előadói között a kezdetektől a helyi ciszterci gimnázium tanárai, valamint a tanítóképző oktatói is előfordultak. Évről évre nemcsak a hallgatóság nőtt, hanem azoknak az egyesületeknek, iskoláknak a száma is, akik szintén tartottak liceális előadásokat. Bár egyesület nem alakult, de különböző szervezetek összefogásával létrejött a Bajai Szabadliceális Bizottság, 1912-ben, mely két évvel később szövetségként működött tovább. Mindkettő elnöke a gimnázium igzgatója, dr. Werner Adolf volt. Munkáját Bajáról való elköltözése után utódja, Kürti Menyhért vette át. A népszerű előadás-sorozatot a két világháború között is folytatták.
Սյունիքի մարզում գործող գրադարանների վիճակագրական վերլուծություն (2010-2021 թթ.)
Authors: Գասպարյան Լիաննա Ավագի
Published: November 2023

From the statistical analysis of the activities of the libraries of Syunik region, it becomes clear that many problems are accumulated in this field. The development of the information and communication systems has contributed to the expansion of book-library-reader connections, but it is also clear that there is a reduction in the number of readers in various libraries of Syunik.According to the statistics the number of readers has decreased from year to year. The biggest quantity of library patrons from Syuni region by age are 15 years and older. The statistical analysis reveals many problems of replenishment of the library collections, as well as certain reductions in the number of employees. The question of having librarians graduated from the “Library and information Science” faculty is actual, It is also important to create a flexible information-access-database environment abetween regional libraries, which requires the implementation of elaborate actions. It is very important to implement life-long learning programs for the LIS professionals, which will certainly have a positive role in increasing the professional training of workers and acquiring certain skills. It is imperative to hold courses, seminars, interesting programs in regions that will promote the development of library work.
«Համատարած աշխարհացոյցի»-ի գունազարդ տպագրության հետքերով
Authors: Զարգարյան Տիգրան Կարոյի
Published: November 2023

In 1695 in Amsterdam, the Armenian printing house headed by Tovmas Vanandetsi pub-lished a unique work; the first printed map of the world in Armenian “Hamatarats Ashkharhat-suyts” (Geographic Map of the World). The first large-scale map of both hemispheres in Armenian was considered the best and one of the most reliable maps at the time. The world map was designed in the style of Western cartography. Later this map was reproduced in Venice in colours, thanks to the efforts of the Mekhitarist Congregation fathers. In this article based on the archival documents the history of creating that coloured map is provided. A question is posed: is this an old-print map, and how should the bibliographic description of this map look?
Developing a Mathematical Curiosity Scale for Adolescents: Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: ARIKAN Elif Esra , ÖZGENEL Mustafa , ERDEM Süruri Selim , UNAL Hasan
Published: November 2023

Curiosity offers opportunities for personal growth by instilling a desire to learn, explore, and investigate. Therefore, it is considered essential to encourage curiosity, especially in children and adolescents, for their future lives. Similarly, mathematical curiosity leads the individual to develop in mathematics by directing their desire to learn about mathematics toward discovery. In this context, the study aims to create a scale that provides accurate and reliable measurements that is a valid and reliable Likert-type scale of mathematical curiosity of secondary and high school students. 499 students participated in the exploratory factor analysis, 294 in the confirmatory factor analysis, and 91 in the test-retest analysis. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale structure with 3 factors and 20 items explains 57.95% of the total variance. The construct validity of the scale was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.903. The reliability coefficients of the sub-dimensions of the scale are .838, .842, and .690, respectively.
EVALUATION OF TYPHA GRASS AS POTENTIAL FEEDSTOCK FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUEL BRIQUETTE
Authors: LAWAN Ibrahim , ABDULLAHI Murtala , MUHAMMAD Aliyu , ABUBAKAR Mohammed , DANGORA Dauda , ATANDA Muhammad , SHITTU Sarafadeen
Published: November 2023

This study established that a minimum of 2, 738.61 metric tons of fresh typha grass (TG) could be obtained from some of the Kano River Irrigation Scheme’s facilities per perennial cycle of the TG. Some sample of fresh TG was randomly harvested and sun dried without any treatment. The dried TG was subjected to some physico-chemical characterizations (moiture content (%), ash content (%), char content (%), and calorific value (MJ/kg)). The results recorded suggeested TG as a potential material for fuel briquette production. Furthermore, the dried TG was carbonized and used to produce typha grass fuel briquettes (TB) using five (5) tons hydraulic press machine, three different binding materials (arabic gum (AG), starch (S), and cement (C) at three different dosages (4, 9, and 12% (wt/wt)). The results achieved reveals that the TB produced with starch binding material at 12% dosage exhibited superior properties, including, 97.5 ± 2.00%, 1970±170 (kg/m3), 68.22%, 26.45±0.22 MJ/kg, 140 ± 0.22 min, 0.42 ± 0.21 g/min, and 277± 0.06 ppm recorded for mechanical durability, bulk density, char content, calorific value, water boiling test, specific fuel consumption rate, and carbon monoxide emission, respectively. Overall, the TG was found to be abundant enough to be adopted as a feedstock for the production of fuel briquette. Its properties and the produced TB properties have shown that TG is a suitable candidate for the fuel briquettes production.
Teaching collocations: a learner-centered approach
Authors: Tashkenova D. K.
Published: November 2023

The focus of the present article is to investigate the role of teaching collocations in raising foreign language proficiency. Students of English as a Foreign Language are facing a variety of problems (overuse of general, delexicalized words; misuse of collocations by neglecting word combinability; tendency of using fancy and complicated words not frequently used by native speakers) that make their speech non-nativelike. One major problem is the lack of appropriate vocabulary which could be related to the ignorance of a subset of formulaic sequences – topical collocations which is one of key aspects enabling native speakers to be fluent. Thus, pedagogical principles have been outlined aimed at raising awareness about collocations and helping students to internalize the acquired units, language learners’ attitudes towards the phenomenon of collocation in the process of foreign language learning have been obtained.
In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Oxytetracycline on Sperm Parameters In Breeding Rooster
Authors: Mohammedi Linda , Messai Ahmed , Touazi Leghel , Iguer-Ouada Mokrane
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Some antimicrobials could adversely affect sperm quality during sperm cryopreservation and antibiotic treatment with subsequent effects on fertility outputs. To our knowledge, no similar studies have been conducted on breeding roosters, especially for oxytetracycline
(OTC). OBJECTIVE: To investigate both in vitro and in vivo impact of oxytetracycline on sperm parameters in breeding roosters. METHODS: Sperm motility parameters were objectively analyzed using the CASA system including total motility (TM %), progressive motility (PM %), all
sperm velocities, the sperm count, and cell viability during 9 days of in vivo treatment. In the in vitro investigation, the pooled sperm was diluted and divided into a control aliquot (diluted in 0.9% NaCl) and treated samples. Motility parameters were assessed after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and
6 hours of storage at 37ºC. In the in vivo study, 1 g/L of OTC was administrated to five individuals for nine consecutive days. Fresh semen samples were analyzed at T0 (before treatment) and after 6 (T6) and 9 days (T9) of treatment. RESULTS: OTC caused significant impairment
of sperm quality in vivo. A drastic reduction in sperm concentration, viability, TM, PM, and all kinematic parameters was observed after 6 days of treatment. However, at day 9 sperm quality had improved to be nearly similar to T0. In vitro, OTC induced similar sperm impairment on all sperm
motility parameters. CONCLUSION: Oxytetracycline exhibited negative effects on rooster sperm both in vivo and in vitro and appears consequently not suitable in cryopreservation extenders.
Cryopreservation of Lilium Candidum Germplasm: Analysis of Pre- and Post-freeze Treatments
Authors: Tokgöz Hilal Büşra , Karakaş Hakan , Kaya Ergun , Yildirim Hasan , Pirhan Ademi Fahri , Altan Filiz
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Lilium candidum L. is a perennial ornamental plant that has various medicinal properties and is used in the cosmetic industry. The species is facing threats from urbanization and climate change and requires urgent protection. The most secure and efficient
technology for the longterm storage of plant genetic resources is cryopreservation, which involves preserving genetic material at extremely low temperatures. OBJECTIVE: Today, plant biodiversity is endangered because of the narrowing of its natural distribution areas and/or destruction
for different purposes. This study concentrated on creating a cryopreservation process using shoot tips and calluses as explant sources for the long-term conservation of L. candidum species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Populations of L. candidum naturally distributed from three
different regions of Turkey (Kepsut, Balikesir; the area surrounding Bafa Lake, Aydın ; and Fethiye- Mu la) were grown in vitro to supply shoot tip and callus explants. Prior to freezing by droplet-vitrification and vitrification techniques, shoot tips and calluses were treated with
MS nutritional medium supplemented with 0.4 M sucrose 7 g/L agar and plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2). RESULTS: Cryopreserved shoot tips showed the highest levels of regeneration (71.8%) after a PVS2 treatment of 90 min, while calluses showed the highest levels of regrowth (63.9%)
after a PVS2 exposure of 60 min. CONCLUSION: High levels of regrowth are produced when the various cryopreservation procedures described here are used to preserve both shoot tip and callus explants. This potentially makes the method promising for the long-term preservation of endangered
L. candidum varieties.
Száz éve koronázták meg XI. Piuszt, a későbbi államalapítót
Authors: Margittay-Mészáros Árpád
Published: November 2023

Európa egyik leghosszabb ideig létező állama volt a Pápai Állam (756–1870). Fennállása alatt számos alkalommal változott területi kiterjedése, azonban megállapítható, hogy korántsem a területének nagysága adta jelentőségét, hanem maga a pápa, illetve a Szentszék; az egyházi intézményrendszer szabad működését is hivatott volt biztosítani. A Szentszék nemzetközi viszonyokban betöltött szerepe meghatározó, hiszen a diplomáciai kapcsolatok fenntartása mindig is a Szentszék hatáskörébe tartozott, úgy a Pápai Állam fennállása alatt, mint a Vatikánvárosi Állam létrejötte óta. Ez a gyakorlatban leginkább a Pápai Állam megszűnése és a Vatikánvárosi Állam létrejötte közötti időszakban mutatkozott meg. A Pápai Állam fennállása során a konzuli kapcsolatok fenntartásának még volt jelentősége, de már a Vatikánvárosi Állam létrejötte óta kevés gyakorlati jelentőséggel bír. Az államiság léte viszont nagyon szorosan összekapcsolódott a pápa szabad hatalomgyakorlásának és az Apostoli Szentszék és működésének biztosításával, melyet a Pápai Állam megszűnését követő krízisek időszaka is bizonyított. A két világháború közötti időszak pápáját, XI. Piuszt 1922-ben választották meg, majd hét évvel később sikerült rendezni az úgynevezett római kérdést a lateráni szerződéssel. Jelen tanulmány célja az is, hogy néhány vonatkozásban kitérjen a Pápai Állam megszűnését követő időszak egyes kérdéseire, rávilágítva egyidejűleg arra az egyetlen pozitívumra, ami a Szentszék diplomáciai viszonyokban történő megerősödését jelentette a két állam fennállása közötti viszontagságos történelmi időszakban.
The Role of Group Dynamics in Resolving Conflict
Authors: Zen Dendy Saeful , Iskandar Deden , Nirwana Hanita , Suharyati Henny
Published: November 2023

The main objectives of this study were to understand how group dynamics can influence a group's ability to resolve conflicts and to identify the internal and external factors that influence a group's ability to resolve conflicts. The method used in this research is a literature study. Literature review is a study that examines or critically evaluates knowledge, ideas and findings in academically oriented literature and formulates theoretical and methodological contributions on a particular topic. The results of research using literature review include the definition of conflict, the origin of conflict, types of conflict and conflict resolution techniques. Conflict can arise because one party or one party feels disadvantaged. This loss can be material or non-material. Group dynamics an effort to accelerate the dynamics of all participants and led training groups so that the group becomes more dynamic and the goals and objectives of training become more effective, efficient and quality. Conclusion In conflict resolution, it is important to find solutions that integrate different interests and encourage cooperation. Constructive cooperation and the ability to compromise can help achieve a more satisfactory outcome for all parties. Keep in mind that each collective conflict has its own dynamics and no one approach can be generalized.
Seasonal Incidence of Rusty Thrips Chaetanophothrips signipennis with Applied ICT-Based Pest Surveillance in Banana
Authors: Singh Niranjan , Raghavendra Devaramane , Ramesh K B , Chander Subhash
Published: November 2023

Under the study, pest surveillance with applied ICT in Banana (Musa sp.) was carried out to assess seasonal activity and damage due to rusty thrips Chaetanophothrips signipennis (Bagnall) from 2012-2022. Wide-area pest surveillance was carried out in major banana growing areas of Maharashtra, using ICT tools for the timely and correct observation of pest activity. The ten seasonal year’s data on the rusty thrips monitoring revealed that August and September are the peak months for severe incidence. The results documented that, September is the plausible month for peak incidence with fruit damage ranging from 26-50%. Heatmap, cluster dendrogram and principle component analysis also confirm the severity of thrips during August and September. The initiation of management options before the onset of August and September may greatly help the farming community.
Study of Uzi Fly, Exorista bombycis (Louis) Infestation during Rearing of Mulberry Silkworm in Different Seasons in Karnataka
Authors: Bari Fouzia , Kumar Rakesh , V Lavannya
Published: November 2023

Present investigation was carried out during summer and rainy seasons under laboratory conditions at the Department of Sericulture, Chintamani UAS (B) during 2012-13. Rearing of bivoltine silkworm hybrid CSR2 X CSR4 in different seasons reveals that rainy season open rearing is found to be susceptible for Uzi infestation as compared to summer season under protected and open rearing. Uzi fly incidence on top position tray was observed significantly maximum in rainy season open rearing as compared to summer season open batch and least observed in summer season protected rearing. Longevity of the uzi fly is reported to be negatively correlated with weather parameters such as temperature; higher the temperature lower the adult longevity. Experimental observation revealed that rearing of silkworm in summer with all the precautionary measures under protection is suitable for more yield of cocoon with least uzi fly infestation in Karnataka.
First Record of Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) as a Parasitoid of Thyas coronata (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: Rajan Ramya , Shamsudeen R S M
Published: November 2023

Thyas coronota (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Erebidea) is one of the most significant fruit-piercing moths, particularly on citrus fruits, d as a result of feeding, it causes significant injury. The parasitoid, Megaselia scalaris was observed on the exterior surface of last instar larva of T. coronata. The fly laid egg on the exterior surface of the host larva, the incubation period was three to four days. The fly went through larval instars, each lasting three to four days, then pupated for seven to eight days. Adults liked for five to eight days. This study first time reports the parasitisation of dipteran scavenger fly Megaselia scalaris on the serious fruit piercing moth Thyas coronota from India.
Ronald Ross- Mosquito, Malaria and Much More
Authors: Suryanarayanan Trichur S
Published: November 2023

Malaria has been, and still is, a major cause of not only human suffering and death and infant mortality, but also an economic burden on the society. According to the WHO Report of 2022, in 2021 alone 247 m people were affected by malaria. Apart from the use of antimalaria drugs, the importance of different preventive measures including the use of mosquito nets and insect repellents in managing malaria cannot be gainsaid. It should be underscored that the determined research efforts by medical personnel such as Ronald Ross, Patrick Manson, Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, Giovanni Battista Grassi, and a few others, despite several hardships they faced in pinning the mosquito as the transmitter of malaria was epoch-making. Obviously, this finding has played a key role in reducing the global impact of malaria. In this communication, I outline the efforts of Ronald Ross and the travails he went through while pursuing it, as well as his attitude in denying his co-workers their due credit, and the extroversion rooted in him which eventually made him turn hostile to his collaborators and to his mentor, Patrick Manson.
Okul Yönetici ve Öğretmenlerinin Göçmen ve Yabancı Uyruklu Öğrencilerle Yaşadıkları Sorunlara İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: Yener Gülay , Doğutaş Aysun
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, lise ortaöğretim kurumlarında öğrenim görmekte olan göçmen ve yabancı uyruklu öğrenciler ile ilgili yaşanan problemleri ve bu problemlere yönelik çözüm önerilerini, yönetici ve öğretmen görüşleri doğrultusunda ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Antalya ilinde yabancı uyruklu öğrencileri bulunan dört farklı lisede görev yapan, 10 okul yöneticisi ve 25 öğretmenden oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel araştırma yönteminden görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda göçmen ve yabancı uyruklu öğrenciler ile ilgili karşılaşılan sorunlar ve bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri olmak üzere iki tema elde edilmiştir. Göçmen ve yabancı uyruklu öğrenciler ile ilgili eğiticilerin karşılaştıkları sorunlar ve karşılaşılan sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri başlığı altında iki temaya ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre araştırmaya katılan bütün katılımcıların birleştiği en önemli nokta dil, iletişim ve uyum sorunudur. Geliştirilen en önemli çözüm önerisinin ise zorunlu olarak dil ve uyum kurslarına tabii tutulmaları, Avrupa standardına uygun kurslarının açılması ve okullarda bir yıl hazırlık sınıflarının olması yönünde olduğudur.
Merkezi Ortak Sınavda Yer Alan T.C. İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük Dersi Alt Testine İlişkin Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin Görüşleri
Authors: BİNEKCİ Ömer , KIRPIK Cevdet
Published: November 2023

Geçmişten günümüze Türkiye’de ortaöğretim kurumlarına seçme ve yerleştirmede farklı merkezi ortak sınavlar kullanılmıştır. Bu farklılıklar dikkate alındığında sınavların yapısının ve üstlendiği özelliklerin zaman içinde değiştiği görülmektedir. Bunun yanında öğrenci sayısının fazla olması ve okullar arasındaki nitelik farkı merkezi sınavların ortaya çıkmasında etkili olmuştur. Bu bağlamda ortaöğretime geçişte 1997 yılında uygulamaya konulan ilk ortak sınav Liselere Geçiş Sınavı (LGS)’dır. İlerleyen zamanlarda bu sınav Ortaöğretim Kurumları Seçme ve Yerleştirme Sınavı (OKS) olarak ifade edilmiştir. Bu merkezi ortak sınav yürürlükten kaldırıldıktan sonra 2008 yılında Seviye Belirleme Sınavı (SBS) uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. 2014’e gelindiğinde ise SBS’nin yerine Temel Eğitimden Ortaöğretime Geçiş Sınavı (TEOG) ortaöğretime geçişlerde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu sistemle sadece dört yıl liselere yerleştirme yapılmıştır ve 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında TEOG yerine Liselere Geçiş Sınavı (LGS) uygulamaya konulmuştur. Bu bilgilerden hareketle mevcut araştırmanın amacı temel eğitimden ortaöğretime geçiş sınavında yer alan T.C. İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük Dersi alt testi hakkında sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini ele almaktır. Temel nitel araştırmanın kullanıldığı bu çalışmada 21 sosyal bilgiler öğretmeni ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmadaki bulgulara göre öğretmenler ortak sınavdaki soruların bilgi ve yorum ağırlıklı olduğu görüşündedir. Bunların yanında ortak sınav öğrencilerin derse ilgisini artırmaktadır. Sınavda müfredata ve kazanımlara ilişkin uygun sorular bulunmaktadır. Liselere geçişte öğrencilerin yeteneklerinin dikkate alınmasının önemli olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Bunlara karşın ders saatinin azlığı ve katsayıdaki eşitsizlik ulaşılan diğer önemli sonuçlardır. Araştırmanın bu sonuçlarından hareketle dersin haftalık saati artırılabilir ve katsayısında düzenleme yapılabilir.
The functional effect of epigallocatechin gallate on ischemic stroke in rats
Authors: S.H. Lim , H.S. Kim , Y.K. Kim , T.M. Kim , S. Im , M.E. Chung , B.Y. Hong , Y.J. Ko , H.W. Kim , J.I.* Lee
Published: November 2023

We evaluated the efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for improving function in rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Three procedures underwent for each groups; MCAO and EGCG treatment, MCAO without treatment (MCAO control), and sham operation. Function was evaluated on days 1, 5, 10, and 14 after ischemia, using a modified sticky-tape test and the percentage weight borne on the paretic leg. Infarct volume did not differ between the EGCG-treated and MCAO control groups. Compared with the MCAO control group, the EGCG-treated group showed improved forelimb function and had normal function by day 10 (P
The biological basis of autism spectrum disorders: Understanding causation and treatment by clinical geneticists
Authors: D.A. Geier , J.K. Kern , M.R.* Geier
Published: November 2023

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), also known as pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), are a behaviorally defined group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are usually diagnosed in early childhood. ASDs disproportionately affect male children. Mercury (Hg), a heavy metal, is widespread and persistent in the environment. Mercury is a ubiquitous source of danger in fish, drugs, fungicides/herbicides, dental fillings, thermometers, and many other products. Elevated Hg concentrations may remain in the brain from several years to decades following exposure. This is important because investigators have long recognized that Hg is a neurodevelopmental poison; it can cause problems in neuronal cell migration and division, and can ultimately cause cell degeneration and death. Case-reports of patients have described developmental regressions with ASD symptoms following fetal and/or early childhood Hg exposure, and epidemiological studies have linked exposure to Hg with an elevated risk of a patient being diagnosed with an ASD. Immune, sensory, neurological, motor, and behavioral dysfunctions similar to traits defining or associated with ASDs were reported following Hg intoxication with similarities extending to neuroanatomy, neurotransmitters, and biochemistry. The sexual dimorphism of ASDs may result from synergistic neurotoxicity caused by the interaction of testosterone and Hg; in contrast, estrogen is protective, mitigating the toxicity of Hg. Mercury exposure may significantly increase androgen levels, and as a result, patients diagnosed with an ASD may significantly benefit from anti-androgen therapy. Finally, the clinical geneticist has a wealth of biomarkers to evaluate and treat patients diagnosed with an ASD.
Cell proliferation and total granule cell number in dentate gyrus of transgenic Tg2576 mouse
Authors: Ihunwo* Amadi , Schliebs Reinhard
Published: November 2023

This report provides in vivo evidence of adult neurogenesis and the total granule cell count in the dentate gyrus of the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Mice were deeply anaesthetized and perfused with 4 percent buffered paraformaldehyde. Brains were removed and post-fixed in the same fixative overnight. Following equilibration in 30 percent sucrose, 30 micrometer sections were cut in sagittal plane in freezing microtome for immunohistochemistry and 20 micrometer from plastic embedded brains. Thioflavin-S confirmed the presence of amyloid plaques in the Tg2576 mice. Cell proliferation in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of hippocampus were observed with Ki-67 and doublecortin markers. Using optical fractionator, total granule number was estimated to be 445,280 per hemisphere in the 18-month-old Tg2576 mouse. Cell proliferation tends to end in the dentate gyrus but continues in the SVZ and the total granule cell number was less compared to normal laboratory and wild rodents.
Influence of low oxygen tensions on expression of pluripotency genes in stem cells
Authors: Szablowska-Gadomska Ilona , Zayat Valery , Buzanska Leonora
Published: November 2023

The stem cells are characterized by self-renewal ability and potential to differentiate into other cell types of the body. They are residuing in defined microenvironments – “stem cell niches”. The embryonic stem cells (ESC) are derived from embryos which exist in 3-5 percent oxygen condition. This environment is physiologically normal not only for ES cells but also for many other types of stem cells including neural stem cells (NSC). These observations suggest that low oxygen condition plays a very important role in the maintenance of cell stemness. Pluripotency is regulated by the family of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), which are dependent on oxygen tensions. HIF-2-alpha is an upstream regulator of Oct4, which is one of the main transcription factors used to generate the first induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It has been shown that knock-down of HIF-2-alpha but not HIF-1-alpha, leads to a decrease in the expression of Oct4, Nanog and Sox2, which are important stem cells markers. The structure of hypoxia inducible factors as well as their behavior in hypoxia and normoxia was described. Therefore optimization of oxygen concentration seems to be crucial from the stem cell transplantation as well as iPS transplantation standpoint. Although many experiments with cell culture under low oxygen condition were performed, there is still much that is unknown. This short review presents some aspects on important issue of hypoxia induced regulation of stemness.
Status epilepticus evokes prolonged increase in the expression of CCL3 and CCL4 mRNA and protein in the rat brain
Authors: Guzik-Kornacka Anna , Sliwa Anna , Plucinska Gabriela , Lukasiuk Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

CCL3 and CCL4 are proinflammatory chemokines belonging to the CC family. Increase in expression of mRNA coding for various chemokines including CCL3 and CCL4 has been often detected with global transcriptome profiling of brain tissue following epileptogenic stimuli as well as in epilepsy in experimental models and in human patients. Despite this, little is known about the expression of these proteins in epileptogenesis or epilepsy. In the present work CCL3 and CCL4 mRNA and protein expression were studied in the amygdala stimulation model of temporal lobe epilepsy using quantitiative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Expression of CCL3 and CCL4 mRNA in the block of tissue containing enthorinal and piriform cortices, amygdala and piriform nucleus was markedly up-regulated at 1, 4, 14 and 30 days following stimulation and in hippocampal CA1 was significantly increased at 1 and 4 days following stimulation. Expression of CCL3 and CCL4 proteins was elevated in astrocytes in the enthorinal and piriform cortices, amygdala, and hippocampus showing the largest increase at 4D after status epilepticus. Increase in mRNA and protein levels of CCL3 and CCL4 in the animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy suggests their role in disease development or recovery form epileptogenic insult. Existence of multiple targets for these chemokines in the damaged brain allows several possibilities of influencing neuronal and glial functions.
The interactions of nitric oxide and adenosine on penicillininduced epileptiform activity in rats
Authors: Yildirim Mehmet , Marangoz Abdullah , Ayyildiz Mustafa , Ankarali Seyit , Marangoz Cafer
Published: November 2023

In this study, the influence of nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine systems on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity was examined in rats. NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 50 micrograms per rat, i.c.v.) reduced the frequency but not the amplitude of epileptiform discharges. Non-selective NOS inhibitor, N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 micrograms per rat, i.c.v.) practically did not exert any effect on the spike frequency and amplitude. Adenosine (100 micrograms per rat, i.c.) reduced spike frequency but not the amplitude, whereas theophylline (100 micrograms per rat, i.c.v.) increased the mean spike frequency and amplitude of penicillin-induced epileptiform discharges. Co-injection of theophylline and L-NAME did not cause a further increase in the epileptiform activity compared with theophylline. When NO production was blocked with L-NAME, the inhibitory effects of adenosine were lost. The obtained results suggest that NO and adenosine may decrease penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats and that NO, at least in part, may mediate the anticonvulsant effect of adenosine.