bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chloroquine as a promising adjuvant therapy for type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: de Almeida Júnior Renato Ferreira , de Souza Karla Simone Costa , Galdino Ony Araujo , da Silva Junior Arnóbio Antônio , Arrais Ricardo Fernando , Machado Paula Renata Lima , Farias Kleber Juvenal Silva , de Rezende Adriana Augusto
Published: July 2020

Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine, are promising anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment ofDiabetes mellitus(DM) to prevent associated complications. Therefore, this study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of CQ-free and CQ-incorporated polylactic acid nanoparticles (NPs) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with type 1Diabetes mellitus(T1DM). In total, 25 normoglycemic individuals and 25 patients with T1DM aged 10–16 years were selected and glycemic controls evaluated. After cell viability assessed by MTT assay, T1DM PBMCs were subjected to a CQ concentration of 10 µM in three different conditions: not treated (NT), treated with CQ, and treated with CQ NPs. The cells were incubated for 48 h, and the mRNA expressions of cytokinesIL1B, IFNG, TNFA, IL12,andIL10were determined by relative quantification through real-time PCR at 24 h intervals.IL1Bexpression decreased in CQ and CQ NP-treated cells after 48 h (p < 0.001) and 24 h (p < 0.05) of treatment, respectively.IFNGandIL12expressions significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in cells treated with CQ and CQ NPs at 24 and 48 h compared to NT.TNFAandIL10expressions significantly decreased after 48 h (p < 0.001) and 24 h (p < 0.002), respectively, by both CQ and CQ NPs treatment. Despite being a preliminary in vitro study, CQ has anti-inflammatory activity in the primary cells of T1DM patients and could represent an alternative and adjuvant anti-inflammatory therapy to prevent diabetes complications.
Clinical characteristics and disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized adults
Authors: Yoon Jin Gu , Noh Ji Yun , Choi Won Suk , Park Jin Ju , Suh Yoo Bin , Song Joon Young , Cheong Hee Jin , Kim Woo Joo
Published: July 2020

The disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the adult population has not been well characterized compared to children. Investigation of the clinical characteristics and disease burden of adult RSV infection would help to establish public health policy and a future vaccine strategy. We retrospectively collected medical records of hospitalized adult patients who were diagnosed with RSV infection from January 2012 to December 2015 from three tertiary hospitals. Baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes and economic charge during hospitalization were compared by age groups (19–49 years, 50–64 years, and ≥ 65 years) using Chi-square test. The odds of risk factors of RSV pneumonia were calculated using binary logistic regression. A total of 204 patients from three hospitals were enrolled. Patients who older than 65 years were 132 (64.7%). 118 (57.8%) patients had clinically confirmed pneumonia and 22 (10.8%) died in a hospital. The median medical cost of RSV pneumonia was 2,855.26 USD (interquartile range, 1,561.85–5,379.55) per each admission. Solid cancer (adjusted OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.65–9.02, p = 0.002) and hematologic malignancy (all patients had pneumonia) were shown to be risk factors for RSV pneumonia. RSV infection in South Korea seemed to have a significant burden among adults as pneumonia, care in the intensive care unit and mortality. Nationwide awareness and further effort to recognize the current burden, prepare specific treatment, and prevent adult RSV infection would be necessary.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological reassessments of thief ants identify a new potential case of biological invasions
Authors: Sharaf Mostafa R. , Gotzek Dietrich , Guénard Benoit , Fisher Brian L. , Aldawood Abdulrahman S. , Al Dhafer Hathal M. , Mohamed Amr A.
Published: July 2020

Species delimitation offered by DNA-based approaches can provide important insights into the natural history and diversity of species, but the cogency of such processes is limited without multigene phylogenies. Recent attempts to barcode various Solenopsidini ant taxa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), including the thief antSolenopsis saudiensisSharaf & Aldawood, 2011 described from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), were precipitated by the unexpected existence of a closely related species, the NearcticS.abditaThompson, 1989 within theS. molestaspecies complex native to Florida. This finding left the species status of the former uncertain. Here, we investigated the taxonomy and phylogeny of these two species to determine whether or notS.abditarepresents a new global tramp species. We inferred a phylogeny of the two species using DNA sequence data from four nuclear genes (Abd-A,EF1α-F1,EF1α-F2, andWingless) and one mitochondrial gene (COI) sampled from populations in Florida, Guatemala, Hawaii, and Saudi Arabia. Both species clustered into one distinct and robust clade. The taxonomy ofS.saudiensiswas re‐examined using morphometrics. A reassessment of the morphological characters used to diagnose the worker and queen castes were consistent with molecular evidence. Based on combined morphological and molecular evidencesS.saudiensisis declared as a junior synonym ofS.abdita(syn. nov.). In addition, our findings indicate thatS.abditais a novel global tramp species which has a far wider distribution than previously thought and has established itself in many new habitats and different geographic realms.
Soil and foliar application of rock dust as natural control agent for two-spotted spider mites on tomato plants
Authors: Faraone Nicoletta , Evans Rodger , LeBlanc Julia , Hillier Neil Kirk
Published: July 2020

Mineral-based products represent a valid alternative to synthetic pesticides in integrated pest management. We investigated the effects of a novel granite dust product as an agent for controlling two-spotted spider mites,Tetranychus urticaeKoch (Acari: Tetranychidae), on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicumL.). Two-choice tests for repellency and repulsiveness, and no-choice bioassays with different type of applications (soil, foliar, and soil–foliar) were used in order to evaluate performance and action of the product. Evaluation of epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of treated plants and elemental analyses of leaves were performed. In repulsiveness experiments, almost all dust treatments significantly inhibited mites from migrating to and/or settling on the treated leaf. In repellency experiments, foliar and soil dust treatments were not significantly different from control. Significant mortality was observed for all dust treatments in two-choice and in no-choice bioassays, suggesting mites are susceptible to rock dust by contact, and by indirect interaction through the feeding on plants subjected to soil application of rock dust. Leaf epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of treated plants showed structural variation due to mineral accumulation, which was also confirmed by elemental analyses of leaves. These results demonstrate for the first time that granite rock dust interacts with two-spotted spider mites by modifying pest behavior and via acaricidal action, providing more insights in understanding the mechanism of this novel natural product as pest management tool.
Impact of solid surface hydrophobicity and micrococcal nuclease production on Staphylococcus aureus Newman biofilms
Authors: Forson Abigail M. , van der Mei Henny C. , Sjollema Jelmer
Published: July 2020

Staphylococcus aureus is commonly associated with biofilm-related infections and contributes to the large financial loss that accompany nosocomial infections. The micrococcal nuclease Nuc1 enzyme limits biofilm formation via cleavage of eDNA, a structural component of the biofilm matrix. Solid surface hydrophobicity influences bacterial adhesion forces and may as well influence eDNA production. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the impact of Nuc1 activity is dependent on surface characteristics of solid surfaces. For this reason, this study investigated the influence of solid surface hydrophobicity on S. aureus Newman biofilms where Nuc1 is constitutively produced. To this end, biofilms of both a wild-type and a nuc1 knockout mutant strain, grown on glass, salinized glass and Pluronic F-127-coated silanized glass were analysed. Results indicated that biofilms can grow in the presence of Nuc1 activity. Also, Nuc1 and solid surface hydrophobicity significantly affected the biofilm 3D-architecture. In particular, biofilm densities of the wild-type strain on hydrophilic surfaces appeared higher than of the mutant nuc1 knockout strain. Since virulence is related to bacterial cell densities, this suggests that the virulence of S. aureus Newman biofilms is increased by its nuclease production in particular on a hydrophilic surface.
Author Correction: Virtual clinical trials identify effective combination therapies in ovarian cancer
Authors: Kozłowska Emilia , Vallius Tuulia , Hynninen Johanna , Hietanen Sakari , Färkkilä Anniina , Hautaniemi Sampsa
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Biomarkers of myocardial injury in rats after cantharidin poisoning: Application for postmortem diagnosis and estimation of postmortem interval
Authors: Zhang Youyou , Yu Yalei , Zhang Jie , Guan Chuhuai , Liu Liang , Ren Liang
Published: July 2020

Postmortem diagnosis of cantharidin-induced myocardial injury and postmortem interval estimation (PMI) are the challenges in forensic science. Cardiac biomarkers play an important role in the prediction and diagnosis of myocardial injury and can be used to determine the PMI. Based on the evidence, we aimed to explore the biomarkers which may be used for the postmortem diagnosis of cantharidin-induced myocardial injury and PMI estimation using the study of the proteins expression of TN-T, VEGF and HIF-1α by ELISA. Results of this study suggested that postmortem pathological changes were difficult to identify due to the autolysis of myocardium 72 h after death in cantharidin poisoning group. The plasma levels of TN-T and HIF-1α/TN-T are cardiac biomarkers with higher diagnostic accuracy for postmortem diagnosis of cantharidin-induced myocardial injury, VEGF/HIF-1α promises to be a biomarker for PMI estimation. Further studies are needed to verify these biomarkers, based on population, for being a useful tool in postmortem diagnosis of cantharidin-induced myocardial injury and PMI estimation.
Author Correction: Grazing enhances species diversity in grassland communities
Authors: Pulungan Muhammad Almaududi , Suzuki Shota , Gavina Maica Krizna Areja , Tubay Jerrold M. , Ito Hiromu , Nii Momoka , Ichinose Genki , Okabe Takuya , Ishida Atsushi , Shiyomi Masae , Togashi Tatsuya , Yoshimura Jin , Morita Satoru
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Force-exerting perpendicular lateral protrusions in fibroblastic cell contraction
Authors: Padhi Abinash , Singh Karanpreet , Franco-Barraza Janusz , Marston Daniel J. , Cukierman Edna , Hahn Klaus M. , Kapania Rakesh K. , Nain Amrinder S.
Published: July 2020

Aligned extracellular matrix fibers enable fibroblasts to undergo myofibroblastic activation and achieve elongated shapes. Activated fibroblasts are able to contract, perpetuating the alignment of these fibers. This poorly understood feedback process is critical in chronic fibrosis conditions, including cancer. Here, using fiber networks that serve as force sensors, we identify “3D perpendicular lateral protrusions” (3D-PLPs) that evolve from lateral cell extensions named twines. Twines originate from stratification of cyclic-actin waves traversing the cell and swing freely in 3D to engage neighboring fibers. Once engaged, a lamellum forms and extends multiple secondary twines, which fill in to form a sheet-like PLP, in a force-entailing process that transitions focal adhesions to activated (i.e., pathological) 3D-adhesions. The specific morphology of PLPs enables cells to increase contractility and force on parallel fibers. Controlling geometry of extracellular networks confirms that anisotropic fibrous environments support 3D-PLP formation and function, suggesting an explanation for cancer-associated desmoplastic expansion.
Multifunctional coordination polymers based on copper(i) and mercaptonicotinic ligands: synthesis, and structural, optical and electrical characterization
Authors: Hassanein Khaled , Cappuccino Chiara , Amo-Ochoa Pilar , López-Molina Jesús , Maini Lucia , Bandini Elisa , Ventura Barbara
Published: July 2020

Novel coordination polymers have been obtained from CuI and thiolate ligands. They show structural diversity that depends on the different coordination motifs of the ligands and are luminescent at low temperature and semiconductive.
Rational synthesis of an ultra-stable Zn(ii) coordination polymer based on a new tripodal pyrazole ligand for the highly sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ and Cr2O72− in aqueous media
Authors: Zhang Shi-Hui , Zhang Shu-Yu , Li Jing-Rong , Huang Zhen-Qi , Yang Jing , Yue Ke-Fen , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: July 2020

Based on the mixed ligand strategy, an ultra-stable Zn(ii) coordination polymer has been rationally synthesized that behaves as a luminescence sensor for the highly selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ and Cr2O72− ions in aqueous solutions.
Inclusion and release of ant alarm pheromones from metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Amer Hamzah Harina , Rixson Daniel , Paul-Taylor Joseph , Doan Huan V. , Dadswell Christopher , Roffe Gavin W. , Sridhar Arun , Hobday Claire L. , Wedd Charlie , Düren Tina , Hughes William O. H. , Spencer John , Burrows Andrew D.
Published: July 2020

Zinc(ii) and zirconium(iv) MOFs show uptake and slow release of the ant alarm pheromones 3-octanone and 4-methyl-3-heptanone.
Composition-tuned metal–organic thin-film structures based on photoswitchable azobenzene by ALD/MLD
Authors: Khayyami Aida , Philip Anish , Multia Jenna , Karppinen Maarit
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate the fabrication of in-situ crystalline thin films of various azobenzene (AZO) based photoresponsive metal–organic structures using the atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) technique.
A novel Mn4+ doped oxyfluoride red phosphor for rapid-response backlights display
Authors: He Shengan , Yao Liqin , Cai Wenting , Wu Di , Peng Jiaqing , Ye Xinyu
Published: July 2020

An oxyfluoride red phosphor Cs2MoO2F4:Mn4+ was synthesized with a short fluorescence lifetime, and can be applied to rapid-response displays.
N-(3-Methozybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide from maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) ameliorates corticosterone-induced testicular toxicity in rats
Authors: Yu Zejun , Liu Hao , Li Dong , Chen Xuemin , Ao Mingzhang , Jin Wenwen , Yu Longjiang
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the protective effects of maca ethanol extract (EEM) and N-(3-methozybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide (M 18:3) on corticosterone (CORT)-induced testicular toxicity.
A critical review of the analysis of dried blood spots for characterizing human exposure to inorganic targets using methods based on analytical atomic spectrometry
Authors: Parsons Patrick J. , Galusha Aubrey L. , Cui Yuxia , Faustman Elaine M. , Falman Jill C. , Meeker John D. , Kannan Kurunthachalam
Published: July 2020

Several researchers have reported using dried blood spots to measure inorganic targets but with varying degrees of success.
Fabrication and evaluation of flexible electrowetting display with support pillars
Authors: Li Hui , Li Ruihuan , Jiang Hongwei , Fang Xiaoting , Yin Xiaozhe , Zhou Rui
Published: July 2020

Flexible electrowetting display (FEWD) is developed and evaluated herein.
Catalytic C3 aza-alkylation of indoles
Authors: Bonandi Elisa , Perdicchia Dario , Colombo Eleonora , Foschi Francesca , Marzullo Paola , Passarella Daniele
Published: July 2020

The aza-alkylation reaction at position 3 of the indole scaffold allows the introduction of a differently substituted aminomethyl group, with the formation of a stereogenic centre. Critical summary of 2000–2019 meaningful papers.
Rational design of small molecule fluorescent probes for biological applications
Authors: Jun Joomyung V. , Chenoweth David M. , Petersson E. James
Published: July 2020

Guidelines based on photophysical tuning, reactivity, isomerization, and energy transfer for rational design of synthetic fluorescent probes for biological systems.
Quantitative determination of leukocyte esterase with a paper-based device
Authors: Ho Mei-Lin , Liu Wei-Fang , Tseng Hsin-Yi , Yeh Yu-Tzu , Tseng Wei-Ting , Chou Yin-Yu , Huang Xin-Ru , Hsu Hung-Cheng , Ho Li-Ing , Pan Sheng-Wei
Published: July 2020

A novel chemiresistive method for quantitative determination of leukocyte esterase.
CNT modified layered α-MnO2 hybrid flame retardants: preparation and their performance in the flame retardancy of epoxy resins
Authors: Qian Xiaodong , Shi Congling , Jing Jingyun
Published: July 2020

In this paper, CNT modified layered α-MnO2 hybrid flame retardants (α-MnO2–CNTs) were synthesized through one-pot preparation.
Label-free single-molecule identification of telomere G-quadruplexes with a solid-state nanopore sensor
Authors: Wang Sen , Liang Liyuan , Tang Jing , Cai Yao , Zhao Chuanqi , Fang Shaoxi , Wang Huabin , Weng Ting , Wang Liang , Wang Deqiang
Published: July 2020

Nanopore detection of single-molecule G-quadruplexes.
Individual control of singlet lifetime and triplet yield in halogen-substituted coumarin derivatives
Authors: Oberhofer Katrin E. , Musheghyan Mikayel , Wegscheider Sebastian , Wörle Martin , Iglev Eleonora D. , Nikolova Rositca D. , Kienberger Reinhard , Pekov Petko St. , Iglev Hristo
Published: July 2020

The photophysical properties of three 3-diethylphosphonocoumarin derivatives are studied by transient absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
Effect of a heterogeneous network on glass transition dynamics and solvent crack behavior of epoxy resins
Authors: Aoki Mika , Shundo Atsuomi , Yamamoto Satoru , Tanaka Keiji
Published: July 2020

Network structure in an epoxy resin, which became more heterogeneous with increasing pre-curing temperature, affected the glass transition dynamics and solvent crack behavior.
An all-weather Li/LiV2(PO4)3 primary battery with improved shelf-life based on the in situ modification of the cathode/electrolyte interface
Authors: Ma Di , Song Zihan , Zhang Hongzhang , Hussain Arshad , Feng Kai , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng
Published: July 2020

Herein, an all-weather Li/LiV2(PO4)3 primary battery with long shelf-life was developed by understanding the mechanism of self-discharge and modifying the cathode/electrolyte interface.
Engineering Au/MnO2 hierarchical nanoarchitectures for ethanol electrochemical valorization
Authors: Bigiani Lorenzo , Andreu Teresa , Maccato Chiara , Fois Ettore , Gasparotto Alberto , Sada Cinzia , Tabacchi Gloria , Krishnan Dileep , Verbeeck Johan , Morante Juan Ramón , Barreca Davide
Published: July 2020

Au/MnO2 hierarchical architectures grown by a plasma-assisted strategy on porous Ni foam are specifically designed to achieve superior performances for ethanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium.
The Role of Patient-Site Facilitators in Teleaudiology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Coco Laura , Davidson Alyssa , Marrone Nicole
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Teleaudiology helps improve access to hearing health care by overcoming the geographic gap between providers and patients. In many teleaudiology encounters, a facilitator is needed at the patient site to help with hands-on aspects of procedures. The aim of this study was to review the scope and nature of research around patient-site facilitators in teleaudiology. We focused on identifying the facilitators' background, training, and responsibilities.

Method

To conduct this scoping review, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. To be included, studies needed to address teleaudiology; be experimental/quasi-experimental, correlational/predictive, or descriptive; be published in English; and include the use of a facilitator at the patient location.

Results

A total of 82 studies met the inclusion criteria. The available literature described a number of different individuals in the role of the patient-site facilitator, including audiologists, students, and local aides. Fifty-seven unique tasks were identified, including orienting the client to the space, assisting with technology, and assisting with audiology procedures. The largest number of studies (n= 42) did not describe the facilitators' training. When reported, the facilitators' training was heterogenous in terms of who delivered the training, the length of the training, and the training content.

Conclusions

Across studies, the range of duties performed by patient-site facilitators indicates they may have an important role in teleaudiology. However, details are still needed surrounding their background, responsibilities, and training. Future research is warranted exploring the role of the patient-site facilitator, including their impact on teleaudiology service delivery.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12475796
After Initial Retrieval Practice, More Retrieval Produces Better Retention Than More Study in the Word Learning of Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Deevy Patricia , Karpicke Jeffrey D. , Christ Sharon L. , Kueser Justin B.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) often have difficulty with word learning. Recent studies have shown that incorporating retrieval practice provides a significant benefit to this learning. However, we have not yet discovered the best balance between the amount of retrieval and the amount of study (hearing the word in the presence of the referent) that is provided. In this investigation, we compared a word learning procedure using more retrieval and less study with a procedure that used more study and less retrieval.

Method

Participants were 13 children with DLD and 13 same-age peers with typical language development (TD). Both groups ranged in age from 4 to 6 years. The children learned two sets of novel words, with each set taught in two sessions. During an initial criterion period, the children had the opportunity to retrieve all of the words. Following this period, the words were either retrieved without further study or studied without additional retrieval. Recall and recognition testing immediately followed the second learning session and was repeated 1 week later. Testing assessed the children's retention of both the word forms and their meanings.

Results

Better recall both immediately after learning and after 1 week was seen for the more retrieval/less study condition. This was seen for both groups of children for word form recall and for children with DLD for meaning. Group differences were not found.

Conclusion

This study served as a stringent test of the benefits of retrieval to children's word learning. Continued retrieval after initial retrieval practice appeared to be helpful even when further study was discontinued and when the comparison study condition had also provided retrieval practice in the initial stages. Further refinement of retrieval procedures might lead to the development of useful clinical tools to promote word learning.
Open Universe survey of Swift-XRT GRB fields: Flux-limited sample of HBL blazars
Authors: Giommi P. , Chang Y. L. , Turriziani S. , Glauch T. , Leto C. , Verrecchia F. , Padovani P. , Penacchioni A. V. , Arneodo F. , Barres de Almeida U. , Brandt C. H. , Capalbi M. , Civitarese O. , D’Elia V. , Di Giovanni A. , De Angelis M. , Del Rio Vera J. , Di Pippo S. , Middei R. , Perri M. , Pollock A. M. T. , Puccetti S. , Ricard N. , Ruffini R. , Sahakyan N.
Published: July 2020

Aims. The sample of serendipitous sources detected in all Swift-XRT images pointing at gamma ray bursts (GRBs) constitutes the largest existing medium-deep survey of the X-ray sky. To build such dataset we analysed all Swift X-ray images centred on GRBs and observed over a period of 15 years using automatic tools that do not require any expertise in X-ray astronomy. Besides presenting a new large X-ray survey and a complete sample of blazars, this work aims to be a step in the direction of achieving the ultimate goal of the Open Universe Initiative, which is to enable non-expert people to benefit fully from space science data, possibly extending the potential for scientific discovery, which is currently confined within a small number of highly specialised teams, to a much larger population.

Methods. We used the Swift_deepsky Docker container encapsulated pipeline to build the largest existing flux-limited and unbiased sample of serendipitous X-ray sources. Swift_deepsky runs on any laptop or desktop computer with a modern operating system. The tool automatically downloads the data and the calibration files from the archives, runs the official Swift analysis software, and produces a number of results including images, the list of detected sources, X-ray fluxes, spectral energy distribution data, and spectral slope estimations.

Results. We used our source list to build the LogN-LogS of extra-galactic sources, which perfectly matches that estimated by other satellites. Combining our survey with multi-frequency data, we selected a complete radio-flux-density-limited sample of high energy peaked blazars (HBL). The LogN-LogS built with this data set confirms that previous samples are incomplete below ∼20 mJy.
KMT-2018-BLG-0748Lb: sub-Saturn microlensing planet orbiting an ultracool host
Authors: Han Cheongho , Shin In-Gu , Jung Youn Kil , Kim Doeon , Yee Jennifer C. , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shvartzvald Yossi , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W.
Published: July 2020

Aims. We announce the discovery of a microlensing planetary system, in which a sub-Saturn planet is orbiting an ultracool dwarf host.

Methods. We detected the planetary system by analyzing the short-timescale (tE ~ 4.4 days) lensing event KMT-2018-BLG-0748. The central part of the light curve exhibits asymmetry due to negative deviations in the rising side and positive deviations in the falling side.

Results. We find that the deviations are explained by a binary-lens model with a mass ratio between the lens components of q ~ 2 × 10−3. The short event timescale, together with the small angular Einstein radius, θE ~ 0.11 mas, indicate that the mass of the planet host is very small. The Bayesian analysis conducted under the assumption that the planet frequency is independent of the host mass indicates that the mass of the planet is Mp = 0.18−0.10+0.29 MJ, and the mass of the host, Mh = 0.087−0.047+0.138 M⊙, is near the star–brown dwarf boundary, but the estimated host mass is sensitive to this assumption about the planet hosting probability. High-resolution follow-up observations would lead to revealing the nature of the planet host.
On the Plateau–Douglas problem for the Willmore energy of surfaces with planar boundary curves
Authors: Pozzetta Marco
Published: July 2020

For a smooth closed embedded planar curve Γ, we consider the minimization problem of the Willmore energy among immersed surfaces of a given genus 𝔤 ≥ 1 having the curve Γ as boundary, without any prescription on the conormal. In case Γ is a circle we prove that do not exist minimizers and that the infimum of the problem equalsβ𝔤− 4π, whereβ𝔤is the energy of the closed minimizing surface of genus 𝔤. We also prove that the same result also holds if Γ is a straight line for the suitable analogously defined minimization problem on asymptotically flat surfaces. Then we study the case in which Γ is compact, 𝔤 = 1 and the competitors are restricted to a suitable class𝒞of varifolds that includes embedded surfaces. We prove that under suitable assumptions minimizers exists in this class of generalized surfaces.
Der Einsatz von Leih- und Zeitarbeit in der Pflege –
steigende Kosten, fehlende soziale und fachliche Akzeptanz, ausbleibende
Einarbeitung und Kurzeinweisung
Authors: Krebs Stephanie , Hasseler Martina , Lietz Anna Larina
Published: July 2020

Ziel der Studie Der Einsatz von Fremdpersonal in deutschen
Krankenhäusern sowie dem Bereich der Langzeitpflege wird auf
differenzierte Art und Weise diskutiert und wahrgenommen. Sowohl in politischen
Debatten als auch in Forderungen von Arbeitgeberverbänden, werden
vornehmlich betriebswirtschaftliche Argumente benannt. Doch
darüberhinausgehend ist es entscheidend, die Sichtweise der eigentlich
Betroffenen nicht zu vernachlässigen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher,
die Perspektive verschiedener Berufsgruppen aus deutschen Krankenhäusern
bezüglich des Einsatzes von Fremdpersonal aufzuzeigen.

Methodik Die beschriebenen empirischen Ergebnisse basieren auf elf
teilstrukturierten Interviews, welche nach der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach
Mayring ausgewertet wurden. Die Gruppe der Befragten setzt sich aus Vertretern
der Pflege, der betrieblichen Mitarbeitendenvertretung und der
Personalverwaltung zusammen.

Ergebnisse Berufsgruppenübergreifend werden sowohl Aspekte der
betriebswirtschaftlichen als auch der sozialen und fachlichen Ebene benannt,
welche bei der Zusammenarbeit und dem Einsatz von Fremdpersonal im
stationären Bereich des deutschen Gesundheitswesens
berücksichtigt werden sollten.

Schlussfolgerung Neben den entstehenden zusätzlichen Kosten
stellen die fachliche und soziale Akzeptanz sowie eine damit verbundene
Einarbeitung des Fremdpersonals entscheidende Aspekte in der Diskussion
bezüglich des Einsatzes von Fremdpersonal dar.
Usefulness of epinephrine-added injection solution to reduce procedure time for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Inoue Shuntaro , Uedo Noriya , Tabuchi Takahiro , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ohmori Masayasu , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Matsuno Kenshi , Iwatsubo Taro , Nakahira Hiroko , Matsuura Noriko , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Ishihara Ryu
Published: July 2020

Background and study aims Epinephrine-added submucosal injection solution is used to facilitate hemostasis of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding and to prevent delayed bleeding of large pedunculated colorectal lesions. However, its benefit in gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) is unclear. The effectiveness of epinephrine-added injection solution for outcomes of gastric ESD was examined using propensity score matching analysis.

Patients and methods A total of 1,599 patients with solitary EGC (83 with non-epinephrine-added solution and 1,516 with epinephrine-added solution) between 2011 and 2018 were enrolled. Propensity scores were calculated to balance the distribution of baseline characteristics: age, sex, tumor location, specimen size, presence of ulcer scar, tumor depth, histological tumor type, and operators’ experience, and 1:3 matching was performed. En bloc resection rate, mean procedure time, delayed bleeding rate, and perforation rate were compared between the non-epinephrine (n = 79) and epinephrine (n = 237) groups.

Results Mean procedure time was significantly shorter in the epinephrine group than in the non-epinephrine group (60 vs. 78 min, P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in the rate of en bloc resection (both 99 %), incidence of delayed bleeding (both 6 %), or perforation (0 vs. 0.8 %) between the two groups. In multiple linear regression analysis, use of epinephrine-added solution was independently associated with short procedure time (P < 0.001) after adjustment for other covariates.

Conclusion The results suggest that epinephrine-added injection solution is useful for reduction of gastric ESD procedure time, warranting validation in a randomized controlled trial.
Reductive Condensation of a Nitro Group with Carboxylic Acids Promoted by Phosphorus(III) Compounds: A Short Route to 5H-Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-11(10H)-ones
Authors: Wróbel Zbigniew , Tryniszewski Michał , Bujok Robert , Gańczarczyk Roman
Published: July 2020

Tributyl- or triphenylphosphine promotes a one-pot, three-step method for the synthesis of differently substituted dibenzodiazepinones from N-aryl-2-nitroanilines. Pyridine analogues and the corresponding thiazepinones can also be formed using this method. The process involves deoxygenation of the nitro group, then formation of an iminophosphorane intermediate and its intramolecular condensation with a carboxyl group placed in the N-aryl group. The role of the carboxyl group in the formation of the iminophosphorane and the mode of cyclization are discussed.
Geographical fragmentation of the global network of Twitter communications
Authors: Hedayatifar Leila , Morales Alfredo J. , Bar-Yam Yaneer
Published: July 2020

Understanding the geography of society represents a challenge for social and economic sciences. The recent availability of data from social media enables the observation of societies at a global scale. In this paper, we study the geographical structure of the Twitter communication network at the global scale. We find a complex structure where self-organized patches with clear cultural, historical, and administrative boundaries are manifested and first-world economies centralize information flows. These patches unveil world regions that are socially closer to each other with direct implications for processes of collective learning and identity creation.
Optical frequency combs operating at 2 μm wavelength are used for dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: July 2020

A quantum well diode laser optical frequency comb is used to perform dual-comb spectroscopy measurements in the 2 μm wavelength region with 50 mW of optical power.
CCD camera turns into a remote detection and identification of pathogens device
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: July 2020

With some of its filters and masks removed, an ordinary CCD camera can be used as a hand-held spectrometer to determine bacterial concentrations and types.
One-step rapid synthesis for bright light emitting halide perovskites
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: July 2020

Rapid method for synthesizing Cs 4 PbBr 6 reduces the amount of environmentally harmful solvent and produces a promising end product.
Extending the metal-induced gap state model to include silicides
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: July 2020

The weaker Fermi-level pinning and face dependence seen in silicides are explained with the addition of defect gap states, leading to a more complete metal-induced gap state model.
Effect of impedance on the reflection of plane waves in a rotating magneto-thermoelastic solid half-space with diffusion
Authors: Yadav Anand Kumar
Published: July 2020

This research article deals with the propagation of plane waves in a rotating magneto-thermoelastic half-space with diffusion in the context of Lord–Shulman theory of thermoelasticity. The governing equations are formulated for a specialized plane and solved to obtain the velocity equation, which indicates the existence of four coupled plane waves. The wave velocities are computed for a particular medium, and the effect of the diffusion parameter is shown graphically on these waves. Impedance boundary conditions are applied to study the reflection of plane waves from the stress-free and thermally insulated/isothermal surface. Reflection coefficients and energy ratios of the reflected waves are also obtained, and the variations of reflection coefficients and energy ratios against the angle of incidence are shown graphically.
Comparison of edge turbulence characteristics between DIII-D and C-Mod simulations with XGC1
Authors: Keramidas Charidakos I. , Myra J. R. , Ku S. , Churchill R. M. , Hager R. , Chang C. S. , Parker S.
Published: July 2020

The physical processes taking place at the separatrix and scrape-off layer regions are crucial for the operation of tokamaks as they govern the interaction of hot plasma with the vessel walls. Numerical modeling of the edge with state-of-the-art codes attempts to elucidate the complex interactions between neoclassical drifts, turbulence, poloidal, and parallel flows that control the physical set-up of the SOL region. Here, we present the post-processing analysis of simulation results from the gyrokinetic code XGC1, comparing and contrasting edge turbulence characteristics from a simulation of the DIII-D tokamak against a simulation of the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. We find that the equilibrium E × B flux across the separatrix has a similar poloidal pattern in both discharges, which can be explained by ∇B-drifts and trapped ion excursions. However, collisionality is noted to play a major role in the way that it prevents local charge accumulations from having more global effects in the C-Mod case. In both cases, turbulent electron heat flux is observed to be higher than the ion one and is possibly related to the need of electrons to maintain quasineutrality through the only channel available to them for exiting the confinement. By Fourier analysis, we identify turbulent frequencies and growth rates of the dominant mode in both simulations. In the case of C-Mod, these numbers point to the presence of a drift wave. In the DIII-D case, further linear simulations with the Gene code reveal a trapped electron mode. Furthermore, using a blob detection and tracking tool, we present the amplitude and size distributions of the blobs from both simulations. The amplitude distributions are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations, while the size distributions are consistent with the fact that most of the blobs are not connecting to the divertor plates and suggest that they are generated by the shearing of the turbulent modes.
Frequency-modulated diode laser frequency combs at 2 μm wavelength
Authors: Sterczewski Lukasz A. , Frez Clifford , Forouhar Siamak , Burghoff David , Bagheri Mahmood
Published: July 2020

Chip-scale electrically pumped optical frequency combs (OFCs) are expected to play a fundamental role in applications ranging from telecommunications to optical sensing. To date, however, the availability of such sources around 2 μm has been scarce. Here, we present a frequency-modulated OFC operating around 2060 nm of wavelength exploiting the inherent gain nonlinearity of single-section GaSb-based quantum well diode lasers. A 2 mm long device operating as a self-starting comb outputs 50 mW of optical power over more than 10 nm of bandwidth while consuming <1 W of electrical power. Using the shifted-wave interference Fourier transform spectroscopy technique, we characterize the generated frequency-modulated waveform and demonstrate a linearly chirped intermodal phase relationship among the entire emission optical bandwidth. Furthermore, by compensating for the linear chirp using a single-mode optical fiber with opposite dispersion, 6 ps long optical pulses are generated. The frequency stability of the devices with ∼19.3 GHz repetition rates allows us to perform mode-resolved free-running dual-comb spectroscopy. All rights reserved.
A novel approach for remote detection of bacteria using simple charge-coupled device cameras and telescope
Authors: Dhankhar Dinesh , Li Runze , Nagpal Anushka , Chen Jie , Krishnamoorthi Arjun , Rentzepis Peter M.
Published: July 2020

We have designed, constructed, and utilized a charge-coupled device system, integrated with a small Newtonian telescope, capable of long distance recording of bacterial fluorescence and synchronous spectra for the detection of bacteria, their component molecules, and other species. This newly developed optical system utilizes commercial monochrome cameras that we have used to detect various bacterial strains, such as Escherichia coli, and determine their concentrations. In addition, using this system, we were able to differentiate between live and dead bacteria after treatment with ultraviolet light or antibiotics.
Stacking of micro-aperture arrays: A new strategy to construct Söller collimator for x rays
Authors: Chen Yong , Han Dawei , Wang Juan , Yang Yanji , Hu Wei
Published: July 2020

A stacking strategy to construct a light-weight collimator is proposed in this paper by which micro-aperture arrays can be assembled as a novel Söller collimator. Compared to Söller collimators made from conventional methods, our strategy enabled a substantial mass reduction up to 67% for a field of view of 2°. 21 micro-aperture arrays were fabricated by fiber laser drilling, and the Söller collimator was thereafter afforded by stacking and aligning the arrays. The processing consistency of the arrays and the alignment of the assembled collimator were examined by optical microscopy and x-ray computer tomography. Collimation tests were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the stacking strategy. Based on this new strategy, higher aspect ratios can be fulfilled, which also allows for a significant mass reduction compared to the conventional Söller collimator.
Machine learning for predicting the average length of vertically aligned TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Caro-Gutiérrez Jesús , González-Navarro Félix F. , Curiel-Álvarez Mario A. , Peréz-Landeros Oscar M. , Valdez-Salas Benjamín , Radnev-Nedev Nicola
Published: July 2020

Technological advances depend on the study of specific materials, such as TiO2 nanotubes that have a variety of applications in different industries due to their properties. These properties are directly related to the nanotubes, size, for example, with their length; hence, measuring this dimension accurately is important. Nowadays, length measurement is performed through semi-automatic functions on scanning electron microscopy images. Time-consuming image analysis, subjective and low-representative readings, and damaged samples are some disadvantages found in this process. This paper presents a proposal for predicting the average length of vertically aligned TiO2 nanotubes using machine learning and ellipsometry because they can overcome the disadvantages mentioned. Different models of measurements of light reflection intensity and ellipsometric parameters predicted the length. The results of a model that showed a low prediction error using linear support vector machines for regression are reported.
One-step facile preparation of zinc-based hydroquinone hybrid nanoporous thin films by molecular layer deposition
Authors: Liu Chang , Fang Jia-Bin , Cao Yan-Qiang , Wu Di , Li Ai-Dong
Published: July 2020

Zinc-based hydroquinone hybrid nanoporous films were directly deposited by molecular layer deposition (MLD) without using porous templates or any post-treatment. MLD is a viable and promising method to fabricate inorganic–organic hybrid porous films for applications in catalysis, energy and gas separation.
A practical model of twin-beam experiments for sub-shot-noise absorption measurements
Authors: Mueller Jason D. , Samantaray Nigam , Matthews Jonathan C. F.
Published: July 2020

Quantum-intensity-correlated twin beams of light can be used to measure absorption with precision beyond the classical shot-noise limit. The degree to which this can be achieved with a given estimator is defined by the quality of the twin-beam intensity correlations, which is quantified by the noise reduction factor. We derive an analytical model of twin-beam experiments, incorporating experimental parameters such as the relative detection efficiency of the beams, uncorrelated optical noise, and uncorrelated detector noise. We show that for twin beams without excessive noise, measured correlations can be improved by increasing the detection efficiency of each beam; notwithstanding, this may unbalance detection efficiency. However, for beams with excess intensity or other experimental noise, one should balance detection efficiency, even at the cost of reducing detection efficiency—we specifically define these noise conditions and verify our results with statistical simulation. This has application in design and optimization of absorption spectroscopy and imaging experiments.
Integrative structural, functional, and transcriptomic analyses of sex-biased brain organization in humans
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Seidlitz Jakob , Blumenthal Jonathan D. , Clasen Liv S. , Raznahan Armin
Published: July 2020

Significance

Sex differences in brain organization are theoretically important for our understanding of sex differences in human cognition and behavior. However, neurobiological sex differences have been easier to characterize in mice than in humans. Recent murine work has revealed a highly reproducible spatial patterning of gray matter volume (GMV) sex differences that is centered on systems for socioreproductive behavior and correlated with regional expression of sex chromosome genes. We integrate neuroimaging and transcriptomic data to establish that these same characteristics also apply to GMV sex differences in humans. These findings establish conserved aspects of sex-biased brain development in humans and mice, and update our understanding of the consistency, candidate causes, and potential functional corollaries of sex-biased brain anatomy in humans.
Link-usage asymmetry and collective patterns emerging from rich-club organization of complex networks
Authors: Moretti Paolo , Hütt Marc-Thorsten
Published: July 2020

Significance

How classical spatiotemporal patterns can be detected and studied in networks is an open question of relevance to brain dynamics, epidemic diseases, and information spreading. Our work fills this conceptual gap, highlighting how propagation patterns in networks with highly connected hubs can be identified by recording local asymmetries in excitation phenomena and predicted by quantifying local orientations with respect to the major emitter hubs. Remarkably, we find that excitations in an undirected graph may travel across a link preferentially in one direction, despite the stochastic nature of the dynamics. Our results pave the way for advances in network controllability, performance tuning, and failure prediction.
Biocement stabilization of an experimental-scale artificial slope and the reformation of iron-rich crusts
Authors: Levett Alan , Gagen Emma J. , Zhao Yitian , Vasconcelos Paulo M. , Southam Gordon
Published: July 2020

Significance

Successful mine remediation is often the missing link in the circular and sustainable model for metal mining. Here, we provide compelling evidence that promoting the biogeochemical cycling of iron can be used to stabilize and remediate mine surfaces using crushed mine waste products. These microbially stabilized iron-rich crusts provide a surface similar to premining conditions that can be used to revegetate iron mine waste using the naturally rare plant species associated with these environments. Reformation of these iron-rich crusts will help to restore hydraulic function to degraded land sites and may provide an approach to reduce on the onset of acid mine drainage in sulphide-rich wastes.
Reproductive outcomes predicted by phase imaging with computational specificity of spermatozoon ultrastructure
Authors: Kandel Mikhail E. , Rubessa Marcello , He Yuchen R. , Schreiber Sierra , Meyers Sasha , Matter Naves Luciana , Sermersheim Molly K. , Sell G. Scott , Szewczyk Michael J. , Sobh Nahil , Wheeler Matthew B. , Popescu Gabriel
Published: July 2020

Significance

The high incidence of human male factor infertility suggests a need for examining new ways of evaluating sperm cells. We present an approach that combines label-free imaging and artificial intelligence to obtain nondestructive markers for reproductive outcomes. Our phase-imaging system reveals nanoscale morphological details from unlabeled cells. Deep learning, on the other hand, provides a structural specificity map segmenting with high accuracy the head, midpiece, and tail. Using these binary masks applied to the quantitative phase images, we measure precisely the dry-mass content of each component. Remarkably, we found that the dry-mass ratios represent intrinsic markers with predictive power for zygote cleavage and blastocyst development.