bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Risk of Lamivudine-Resistant HBV and Hepatic Fares in Treated HIV–HBV-Coinfected Patients from Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Boyd Anders , Moh Raoul , Gabillard Delphine , Carrou Jérôme le , Danel Christine , Anglaret Xavier , Eholié Serge P , Maylin Sarah , Delaugerre Constance , Zoulim Fabien , Girard Pierre-Marie , Lacombe Karine ,   the ANRS 12240 VarBVA study
Published: April 2015

Background

In HIV–HBV-coinfected patients from sub-Saharan Africa, incidence of antiviral resistant HBV-mutations after initiating long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) has only been evaluated in limited patient populations.

Methods

In this nested, prospective cohort study from two randomized controlled trials in Côte d'Ivoire, 168 ART-naive HIV–HBV-coinfected patients, starting lamivudine (LAM, n=82) or tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC, n=86) containing ART were included. HBV DNA viral load (VL) was quantified using an in-house assay (detection limit: <12 copies/ml) while pol and preS/S regions of positive samples were sequenced.

Results

At ART-initiation, 39 (23.2%) were hepatitis B e antigen-positive, 53 (31.5%) had alanine or aspartate aminotransferase levels >40 IU/ml and 98/100 (98.0%) harboured genotype E. Among the 127 (75.6%) patients with detectable baseline HBV VL (median 4.27 log10 copies/ml, IQR 3.14–7.64), cumulative percentage achieving undetectable HBV DNA was 74.2% for patients undergoing LAM-containing ART and 94.2% for TDF/FTC-containing ART after a median 35.5 months (IQR 24.3-36.5). No baseline antiviral resistance mutations were observed. Among 28/127 (22.1%) patients with low-level persistent viraemia (last HBV VL: between 12 to <105 copies/ml), no incident amino acid changes associated with antiviral resistance were observed. Among 11/127 (8.7%) patients with high-level persistent viraemia (last HBV VL: ≥105 copies/ml), only two harboured incident LAM-resistance mutations at positions rtV173L+rtL180M+rtM204V with no patient exhibiting TDF/FTC-resistance. Two patients had transaminase fares >120 IU/ml (incidence rate =0.5/100 person-years).

Conclusions

Antiviral resistance, particularly to LAM, was remarkably rare in this cohort of HIV-HBV-coinfected patients. Further research is needed to determine which coinfected populations might benefit from LAM-containing ART with low risk of resistance.
La contratación pública de obras: situación actual y puntos de mejora
Authors: Fuentes-Bargues J. L. , González-Gaya C. , González-Cruz Mª C.
Published: April 2015

La construcción pública ha sido, es y será uno de los pilares fundamentales del sector construcción español, si bien la actual situación de crisis económica y la reducción de la inversión pública en nuevas infraestructuras ha generado un descenso de actividad hasta niveles similares a los años noventa.

El retorno a índices de actividad más elevados no solo se conseguirá con la recuperación de la economía del país, sino que será necesario realizar ciertas mejoras en los procesos de licitación con objeto de conseguir una mayor funcionalidad y flexibilidad en la contratación pública de obras.
SEíS: Sistema basado en tecnologías semánticas para integrar la información energética de los edificios
Authors: Madrazo L. , Massetti M. , Sicilia A. , Wadel G. , Ianni M.
Published: April 2015

El acceso a los datos relacionados con la energía es un factor fundamental para tomar decisiones que ayuden a mejorar la eficiencia energética de los edificios. El incremento de la cantidad de datos disponibles ha llevado a la necesidad de desarrollar sistemas de información que faciliten el análisis de los mismos a los agentes que participan a lo largo del ciclo de vida del edificio, desde el diseño hasta el mantenimiento. Las tecnologías de la web semántica proporcionan una solución para interconectar fuentes de datos distribuidas. Esto requiere la construcción de vocabularios compartidos (i.e. ontologías) que capten el significado que le dan los usuarios a la información y faciliten el acceso a los datos. No existen aún métodos consolidados para construir estos vocabularios. En este artículo se presenta la metodología desarrollada para crear SEíS, un sistema de información energética que utiliza tecnologías semánticas para integrar datos energéticos y facilitar servicios a los agentes que intervienen a lo largo de las fases del ciclo de vida del edificio.
Estudio para la optimización de la composición de un HACFRA (hormigón autocompactante reforzado con fibras de acero) estructural
Authors: Orbe A. , Rojí E. , Cuadrado J. , Losada R.
Published: April 2015

El interés de un HACFRA (Hormigón autocompactante reforzado con fibras de acero), radica en la combinación del incremento de capacidad resistente con respecto al hormigón y disminución de la fisuración, aportada por la introducción de fibras de acero, con las ventajas de la puesta en obra que supone la autocompactación.

El artículo analiza la influencia de los diferentes componentes que integran el HACRFA, proponiendo una selección de los mismos, referidos tanto al esqueleto granular como a los diferentes tipos y densidades de fibras de acero, en base a la obtención de sus características y de un comportamiento estructural optimizado.
Depressed Monocytic Activity may be a Predictor for Sepsis
Authors: Bhardwaj Nidhi , Mathur Purva , Kumar Subodh , Gupta Amit , Gupta Deepak , John Nibu V , Varghese Prince , Misra Mahesh Chandra
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide with infections as important causes of death in such patients. Bacterial infections cause activation of monocytes with excessive synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, this prospective study was conducted to assess the activity of monocytes in traumatized sepsis patients using flow cytometry and to assess if they have any prognostic potential.

Materials and Methods: A total of 16 consecutive trauma patients with sepsis and having positive blood culture were enrolled, along with four healthy controls during the period of March 2013 to July 2013. Blood from septic patients were collected on the same day when blood culture was positive and on days 2 and 5 thereafter. Surface staining for monocytes with CD14 and intracellular staining for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was done and results were analyzed by flow cytometer. Procalcitonin (PCT) assay was done using MiniVidas. Complete clinical follow-up was done for the patients.

Results: Of the 16 patients, four died due to infections by various microorganisms. Isolated abdominal trauma (25%) was the most common injury among the enrolled patients of sepsis. Levels of TNF-α were significantly decreased when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in the fatal patients as compared to the healthy controls. Patients having sepsis who survived had an increased level of TNF-α during the follow-up periods.

Conclusion: This study showed that activity of monocytes to produce TNF-α and IL-6 were reduced in severe sepsis. Early identification of such immune-paralysis can help in earlier intervention to salvage this vulnerable trauma population.
Microbial Flora in Chronic Periodontitis: Study at a Tertiary Health Care Center from North Karnataka
Authors: Benachinmardi Kirtilaxmi K , Nagamoti Jyoti , Kothiwale Shaila , Metgud Sharada C
Published: April 2015

Background and Objective: Periodontitis is a major public health problem in India with a prevalence of 60-80%. If untreated it acts as a risk factor for systemic diseases. Data on anaerobic periodontal microflora in the Indian population is very scarce. Hence, this study was undertaken to know the nature of oral microbiota in chronic periodontitis in this region of India and also the semiquantitative study in pre- and post-treatment group and to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern for aerobic isolates.

Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 cases. Material was collected from the subgingival pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis attending the Periodontology, Outpatient Department. Clinical samples were transported to the laboratory in fluid thioglycollate medium. Initially Gram's stain and Fontana stains were done. Aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic culture were put up. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done for aerobic isolates.

Results: Sixty samples yielded 121 isolates of which 78.34% were polymicrobial, 11.66% were monomicrobial and oral commensals were grown in 10% cases. Out of 121 isolates 91.74% were anaerobic, 7.43% were aerobic and 0.83% were microaerophilic. Fusobacterium species was the most common isolate among anaerobes. Using "paired t-test" "P" value was significant indicating significant reduction in colony count after phase-I periodontal therapy.

Conclusion: This study has shown that anaerobic bacteria are important cause of chronic periodontitis, along with aerobes and microaerophilic organisms. Fusobacterium spp, Bacteroides fragilis, Porphyromonas spp and Prevotella intermedia are the most common anaerobic pathogens. Bacterial culture methods are still economical and gold standard.
Evaluation of the 4-French Pulsar-18 Self-expanding Nitinol Stent in Long Femoropopliteal Lesions
Authors: Lichtenberg Michael , Hailer Birgit , Kaeunicke Matthias , Stahlhoff Wilhelm-Friedrich , Boese Dirk , Breuckmann Frank
Published: April 2015

Purpose

To evaluate the patency and the freedom of target lesion revascularization of the 4-French Pulsar-18 self-expandable (SE) nitinol stent for the treatment of long femoropopliteal occlusive disease in a two-center, prospective, all-comers registry with a follow-up period of 12 months.

Methods

This registry enrolled 36 patients with symptomatic femoropopliteal long lesions for recanalization and implantation of the 4-French Pulsar-18 SE nitinol stent. Routine follow-up examination including duplex ultrasound was performed after 6 and 12 months. Primary patency was defined as no binary restenosis on duplex ultrasound (Peak systolic velocitiy ration (PSVR) <2.5) and no target lesion revascularization was performed within 12 months' follow-up. No drug-eluting devices were allowed in this registry.

Results

Average lesion length of the femoropopliteal segment was 182.3 ± 51.8 mm. Mean stent implantation length was 181.5 ± 35.4 mm. Total occlusion was present in 46 of the 48 (95.8%) treated lesions. Involvement of popliteal segment I–III was present in 3 (6.3%) lesions. The primary patency after 6 and 12 months was 87.5% and 85.4%, respectively. The clinically driven overall freedom from target lesion revascularization (fTLR) was 89.6% after 6 months and 87.5% after 12 months. ABI, pain-free walking distance and Rutherford category, all improved significantly ( P < 0.001) after 6 and 12 months. The primary patency rate in patients with diabetes ( P = 0.18) and renal insufficiency ( P = 0.3) was not significantly lower as compared to the overall primary patency.

Conclusions

In this two-center, all-comers registry, the use of the Pulsar-18 SE nitinol stent for endovascular intervention of femoropopliteal disease with a mean lesion length of 182.3 ± 51.8 mm showed promising primary patency and fTLR rates after 6 and 12 months. Diabetes and renal insufficiency had no negative impact on the patency rate.
CNL Disease Resistance Genes in Soybean and Their Evolutionary Divergence
Authors: Nepal Madhav P. , Benson Benjamin V.
Published: April 2015

Disease resistance genes (R-genes) encode proteins involved in detecting pathogen attack and activating downstream defense molecules. Recent availability of soybean genome sequences makes it possible to examine the diversity of gene families including disease-resistant genes. The objectives of this study were to identify coiled-coil NBS-LRR (= CNL) R-genes in soybean, infer their evolutionary relationships, and assess structural as well as functional divergence of the R-genes. Profile hidden Markov models were used for sequence identification and model-based maximum likelihood was used for phylogenetic analysis, and variation in chromosomal positioning, gene clustering, and functional divergence were assessed. We identified 188 soybean CNL genes nested into four clades consistent to their orthologs in Arabidopsis. Gene clustering analysis revealed the presence of 41 gene clusters located on 13 different chromosomes. Analyses of the Ks-values and chromosomal positioning suggest duplication events occurring at varying timescales, and an extrapericentromeric positioning may have facilitated their rapid evolution. Each of the four CNL clades exhibited distinct patterns of gene expression. Phylogenetic analysis further supported the extrapericentromeric positioning effect on the divergence and retention of the CNL genes. The results are important for understanding the diversity and divergence of CNL genes in soybean, which would have implication in soybean crop improvement in future.
Inhibition of Apoptosis and Efficacy of Pan Caspase Inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh, in Models of Human Disease
Authors: Keoni Chanel L.I. , Brown Thomas L.
Published: April 2015

Apoptosis is physiological cell death required for the cellular maintenance of homeostasis, and caspases play a major role in the execution of this process. Numerous disorders occur when levels of apoptosis within an organism are excessive, and several studies have explored the possibility of using caspase inhibitors to prevent these disorders. Q-VD-OPh (quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[2,6-difluorophenoxy]-methyl ketone), a novel pan caspase inhibitor, has been used because of its efficacy to inhibit apoptosis at low concentrations, its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, as well as being nontoxic in vivo. This review examines Q-VD-OPh's ability to inhibit apoptosis in several animal models of human disease.
Tensor models from the viewpoint of matrix models: the cases of loop models on random surfaces and of the Gaussian distribution
Authors: Bonzom Valentin , Combes Frédéric
Published: April 2015

Two direct connections between random tensors and random matrices are discussed in this article. In the rst part, we introduce U(

\tau

) matrix models which generate fully packed, oriented loops on random surfaces. e latter are found to be in bijection with a set of regular edge-colored graphs. It is shown that the expansion in the number of loops is organized like the 1/

N

expansion of rank-three tensor models. Recent results on tensor models are applied in this context. For example, congurations which maximize the number of loops are precisely the melonic graphs of tensor models and a scaling limit which projects onto themelonic sector is found. is approach is generalized to higher-rank tensor models, which generate loops with fugacity

\tau

on triangulations in dimension

d–1

. In the second part, we introduce singular value decompositions to evaluate the expectations of polynomial observables of Gaussian random tensors. Performing the integrals over the unitary group leads to a notion of eective observables which expand onto regular trace invariants. We show that both asymptotic and exact new calculations of expectations can be performed this way.
Discrete renormalization group for SU(2) tensorial group field theory
Authors: Carrozza Sylvain
Published: April 2015

This article provides a Wilsonian description of the perturbatively renormalizable tensorial group field theory introduced in Comm. Math. Phys. 330 (2014), 581–637 (arXiv:1303.6772 [hep-th]). It is a rank-3 model based on the gauge group SU(2), and as such is expected to be related to Euclidean quantum gravity in three dimensions. By means of a power-counting argument, we introduce a notion of dimensionality of the free parameters dening the action. General flow equations for the dimensionless bare coupling constants can then be derived, in terms of a discretely varying cut-off, and in which all the so-called melonic Feynman diagrams contribute. Linearizing around the Gaussian fixed point allows to recover the splitting between relevant, irrelevant, and marginal coupling constants. Pushing the perturbative expansion to second order for the marginal parameters, we are able to determine their behaviour in the vicinity of the Gaussian fixed point. Along the way, several technical tools are reviewed, including a discussion of combinatorial factors and of the Laplace approximation, which reduces the evaluation of the amplitudes in the UV limit to that of Gaussian integrals.
The Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás Property: a Finite-Dimensional Approach
Authors: Acosta María D. , Becerra Guerrero Julio , García Domingo , Kim Sun Kwang , Maestre Manuel
Published: April 2015

Our goal is to study the Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás property for operators from

c_0

into a Banach space. We first characterize those Banach spaces

Y

for which the Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás property holds for (

\ell^3_{\infty}, Y)

. Examples of spaces satisfying this condition are provided.
The Spaces of Analytic Functions on Open Subsets of $\mathbb R^{\mathbb N}$ and $\mathbb C^{\mathbb N}$
Authors: Ansemil José M. , López-Salazar Jerónimo , Ponte Socorro
Published: April 2015

This paper is devoted to study the space

\mathcal{A}\left( U\right)

of all analytic functions on an open subset

U

of

\mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{N}}

or

\mathbb{C}^{\mathbb{N}}

. It is proved that if

U

satisfies a weak condition (that will be called 0-property), then every

f\in \mathcal{A}\left( U\right)

depends only on a finite number of variables. Then several topologies on

\mathcal{A}\left( U\right)

are studied: the compact open topology, the

\tau_{\delta}

topology (already known in spaces of holomorphic functions) and a new one, defined by the inductive limit of the subspaces of analytic functions which only depend on the first variables.
Regularity of Solutions to the $G$-Laplace Equation Involving Measures
Authors: Zheng Jun , Feng Binhua , Zhang Zhihua
Published: April 2015

We establish regularity of solutions to the equation

-\Delta_{G}u= \mu

, provided that

\mu (B_{r}(x_{0}))\leq Cr^{\beta}

for any ball

B_{r}(x_{0})\subset \Omega

with

r\leq 1

, where

\beta>0

and

G

satisfies certain structural conditions.
Behavior of Solutions of the Neumann Problem for the Poisson Equation near Straight Edges
Authors: Rossmann Jürgen
Published: April 2015

The paper deals with the Neumann problem for the Poisson equation

\Delta u =f

in the domain

{\mathcal D}=K\times{\mathbb R}^{n-m}

, where

K

is a cone in

{\mathbb R}^m

. The first part of the paper is concerned with the singularities of the Green function near the edge of the domain. Using the decomposition of the Green function given in the first part, the author obtains the asymptotics of the solution of the boundary value problem for a right-hand side

f

belonging to a weighted

L_p

Sobolev space. Precise formulas for all coefficients in the asymptotics are given.
Impacto de la digitalización en la televisión de pago en España
Authors: Medina Laverón Mercedes , Herrero Subías Mónica , Etayo-Pérez Cristina
Published: April 2015

El mercado audiovisual se ha transformado radicalmente en los últimos treinta años, y especialmente tras la implementación de la televisión digital terrestre en Europa. Nuevos competidores están ofreciendo contenidos de pago y ahora operadores tradicionales de televisión en abierto también compiten con ofertas de pago. Metodología. Ante estas amenazas, nos preguntamos por el futuro de la televisión de pago y qué estrategia deberán seguir las compañías actuales. Para investigarlo, analizaremos las ofertas actuales bajo tres aspectos: el modelo de negocio basado en las fuentes de ingresos y la oferta, los clientes y los competidores. Conclusiones. Después de analizar los datos, concluimos que a pesar de las amenazas, la televisión de pago será el motor del cambio, y que los deseos de pagar por ver televisión aumentarán, siempre y cuando se tenga acceso a contenidos populares en exclusiva.
Testing the Electronic Personal Health Record Acceptance Model by Nurses for Managing Their Own Health
Authors: Trinkoff A.M. , Storr C.L. , Wilson M.L. , Gurses A.P. , Gartrell K.
Published: April 2015

Background: To our knowledge, no evidence is available on health care professionals’ use of electronic personal health records (ePHRs) for their health management. We therefore focused on nurses’ personal use of ePHRs using a modified technology acceptance model.

Objectives: To examine (1) the psychometric properties of the ePHR acceptance model, (2) the associations of perceived usefulness, ease of use, data privacy and security protection, and perception of self as health-promoting role models to nurses’ own ePHR use, and (3) the moderating influences of age, chronic illness and medication use, and providers’ use of electronic health record (EHRs) on the associations between the ePHR acceptance constructs and ePHR use.

Methods: A convenience sample of registered nurses, those working in one of 12 hospitals in the Maryland and Washington, DC areas and members of the nursing informatics community (AMIA and HIMSS), were invited to respond to an anonymous online survey; 847 responded. Multiple logistic regression identified associations between the model constructs and ePHR use, and the moderating effect.

Results: Overall, ePHRs were used by 47%. Sufficient reliability for all scales was found. Three constructs were significantly related to nurses’ own ePHR use after adjusting for covariates: usefulness, data privacy and security protection, and health-promoting role model. Nurses with providers that used EHRs who perceived a higher level of data privacy and security protection had greater odds of ePHR use than those whose providers did not use EHRs. Older nurses with a higher self-perception as health-promoting role models had greater odds of ePHR use than younger nurses.

Conclusions: Nurses who use ePHRs for their personal health might promote adoption by the general public by serving as health-promoting role models. They can contribute to improvements in patient education and ePHR design, and serve as crucial resources when working with their individual patients.

Citation: Gartrell K, Trinkoff AM, Storr CL, Wilson ML, Gurses AP. Testing the electronic personal health record acceptance model by nurses for managing their own health: A cross-sectional survey. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 224–247

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-11-RA-0107
High-resolution observations of the near-surface wind field over an isolated mountain and in a steep river canyon
Authors: Butler B. W. , Wagenbrenner N. S. , Forthofer J. M. , Lamb B. K. , Shannon K. S. , Finn D. , Eckman R. M. , Clawson K. , Bradshaw L. , Sopko P. , Beard S. , Jimenez D. , Wold C. , Vosburgh M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. A number of numerical wind flow models have been developed for simulating wind flow at relatively fine spatial resolutions (e.g., ~ 100 m); however, there are very limited observational data available for evaluating these high-resolution models. This study presents high-resolution surface wind data sets collected from an isolated mountain and a steep river canyon. The wind data are presented in terms of four flow regimes: upslope, afternoon, downslope, and a synoptically driven regime. There were notable differences in the data collected from the two terrain types. For example, wind speeds on the isolated mountain increased with distance upslope during upslope flow, but generally decreased with distance upslope at the river canyon site during upslope flow. In a downslope flow, wind speed did not have a consistent trend with position on the isolated mountain, but generally increased with distance upslope at the river canyon site. The highest measured speeds occurred during the passage of frontal systems on the isolated mountain. Mountaintop winds were often twice as high as wind speeds measured on the surrounding plain. The highest speeds measured in the river canyon occurred during late morning hours and were from easterly down-canyon flows, presumably associated with surface pressure gradients induced by formation of a regional thermal trough to the west and high pressure to the east. Under periods of weak synoptic forcing, surface winds tended to be decoupled from large-scale flows, and under periods of strong synoptic forcing, variability in surface winds was sufficiently large due to terrain-induced mechanical effects (speed-up over ridges and decreased speeds on leeward sides of terrain obstacles) that a large-scale mean flow would not be representative of surface winds at most locations on or within the terrain feature. These findings suggest that traditional operational weather model (i.e., with numerical grid resolutions of around 4 km or larger) wind predictions are not likely to be good predictors of local near-surface winds on sub-grid scales in complex terrain. Measurement data can be found at http://www.firemodels.org/index.php/windninja-introduction/windninja-publications.
Techniques for analyses of trends in GRUAN data
Authors: Bodeker G. E. , Kremser S.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) provides reference quality RS92 radiosonde measurements of temperature, pressure and humidity. A key attribute of reference quality measurements, and hence GRUAN data, is that each datum has a well characterized and traceable estimate of the measurement uncertainty. The long-term homogeneity of the measurement records, and their well characterized uncertainties, make these data suitable for reliably detecting changes in global and regional climate on decadal time scales. Considerable effort is invested in GRUAN operations to (i) describe and analyse all sources of measurement uncertainty to the extent possible, (ii) quantify and synthesize the contribution of each source of uncertainty to the total measurement uncertainty, and (iii) verify that the evaluated net uncertainty is within the required target uncertainty. However, if the climate science community is not sufficiently well informed on how to capitalize on this added value, the significant investment in estimating meaningful measurement uncertainties is largely wasted. This paper presents and discusses the techniques that will need to be employed to reliably quantify long-term trends in GRUAN data records. A pedagogical approach is taken whereby numerical recipes for key parts of the trend analysis process are explored. The paper discusses the construction of linear least squares regression models for trend analysis, boot-strapping approaches to determine uncertainties in trends, dealing with the combined effects of autocorrelation in the data and measurement uncertainties in calculating the uncertainty on trends, best practice for determining seasonality in trends, how to deal with co-linear basis functions, and interpreting derived trends. Synthetic data sets are used to demonstrate these concepts which are then applied to a first analysis of temperature trends in RS92 radiosonde upper air soundings at the GRUAN site at Lindenberg, Germany (52.21° N, 14.12° E).
Global variation in the long-term seasonal changes observed in ionospheric F region data
Authors: Scott C. J. , Stamper R.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Long-term variability has previously been observed in the relative magnitude of annual and semi-annual variations in the critical frequency (related to the peak electron concentration) of the ionospheric F2 layer (foF2). In this paper we investigate the global patterns in such variability by calculating the time varying power ratio of semi-annual to annual components seen in ionospheric foF2 data sequences from 77 ionospheric monitoring stations around the world. The temporal variation in power ratios observed at each station was then correlated with the same parameter calculated from similar epochs for the Slough/Chilton data set (for which there exists the longest continuous sequence of ionospheric data). This technique reveals strong regional variation in the data, which bears a striking similarity to the regional variation observed in long-term changes to the height of the ionospheric F2 layer. We argue that since both the height and peak density of the ionospheric F2 region are influenced by changes to thermospheric circulation and composition, the observed long-term and regional variability can be explained by such changes. In the absence of long-term measurements of thermospheric composition, detailed modelling work is required to investigate these processes.
Technik, Digitalität und Raum – Konzeptionelle Überlegungen zu den Geographien alltäglichen Technikgebrauchs
Authors: Felgenhauer T.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The article reviews the relationship between technology and geography from a social science perspective. Especially, the everyday use of technology is discussed as a form of "geography-making". Making use of technology means that an interaction between lay users and experts (the designer of an abstract system and its user interface) takes place which basically implies the use and translation of differing spatial symbolisations: mainly numerical/algorithmic, deictic, and toponymical terms.
libmpdata++ 1.0: a library of parallel MPDATA solvers for systems of generalised transport equations
Authors: Jaruga A. , Arabas S. , Jarecka D. , Pawlowska H. , Smolarkiewicz P. K. , Waruszewski M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. This paper accompanies the first release of libmpdata++, a C++ library implementing the multi-dimensional positive-definite advection transport algorithm (MPDATA) on regular structured grid. The library offers basic numerical solvers for systems of generalised transport equations. The solvers are forward-in-time, conservative and non-linearly stable. The libmpdata++ library covers the basic second-order-accurate formulation of MPDATA, its third-order variant, the infinite-gauge option for variable-sign fields and a flux-corrected transport extension to guarantee non-oscillatory solutions. The library is equipped with a non-symmetric variational elliptic solver for implicit evaluation of pressure gradient terms. All solvers offer parallelisation through domain decomposition using shared-memory parallelisation. The paper describes the library programming interface, and serves as a user guide. Supported options are illustrated with benchmarks discussed in the MPDATA literature. Benchmark descriptions include code snippets as well as quantitative representations of simulation results. Examples of applications include homogeneous transport in one, two and three dimensions in Cartesian and spherical domains; a shallow-water system compared with analytical solution (originally derived for a 2-D case); and a buoyant convection problem in an incompressible Boussinesq fluid with interfacial instability. All the examples are implemented out of the library tree. Regardless of the differences in the problem dimensionality, right-hand-side terms, boundary conditions and parallelisation approach, all the examples use the same unmodified library, which is a key goal of libmpdata++ design. The design, based on the principle of separation of concerns, prioritises the user and developer productivity. The libmpdata++ library is implemented in C++, making use of the Blitz++ multi-dimensional array containers, and is released as free/libre and open-source software.
Impact of debris cover on glacier ablation and atmosphere-glacier feedbacks in the Karakoram
Authors: Collier E. , Maussion F. , Nicholson L. I. , Mölg T. , Immerzeel W. W. , Bush A. B. G.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The Karakoram range of the Hindu-Kush-Himalaya is characterized by both extensive glaciation and a widespread prevalence of surficial debris cover on the glaciers. Surface debris exerts a strong control on glacier surface-energy and mass fluxes and, by modifying surface boundary conditions, has the potential to alter atmosphere-glacier feedbacks. To date, the influence of debris on Karakoram glaciers has only been directly assessed by a small number of glaciological measurements over short periods. Here, we include supraglacial debris in a high-resolution, interactively coupled atmosphere-glacier modelling system. To investigate glaciological and meteorological changes that arise due to the presence of debris, we perform two simulations using the coupled model from 1 May to 1 October 2004: one that treats all glacier surfaces as debris-free and one that introduces an simplified specification for mapping debris thickness. The basin-averaged impact of debris is a reduction in ablation of ~7%, although the difference exceeds 2.5 m w.e. on the lowest-altitude glacier tongues. The modest reduction in mean mass loss results in part from non-negligible sub-debris melt rates under thicker covers and from compensating increases in melt under thinner debris, and may help to explain the lack of distinct differences in recent elevations changes between clean and debris-covered ice. The presence of debris also strongly alters the surface boundary condition and thus heat exchanges with the atmosphere; near-surface meteorological fields at lower elevations and their vertical gradients; and the atmospheric boundary layer development. These findings are relevant for glacio-hydrological studies on debris-covered glaciers and contribute towards an improved understanding of glacier behaviour in the Karakoram.
Limits of Protection: Russia and the Orthodox Coreligionists in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Taki Victor
Published: April 2015

Influence over the Ottoman Christians was the single most important manifestation of Imperial Russia’s “soft power.” In the context of the Russian-Ottoman wars of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, appeals of the Eastern Christian elites to Moscow and St. Petersburg for protection met with the attempts of the tsars and their commanders to rally the support of the co-religionists. However, Russia’s relations with the Orthodox subjects of the sultan were fraught with great ambiguity. Temporary Russian occupations of particular territories of Turkey-in-Europe during the wars incited among the local Christians the hopes for independence that subsequent restoration of the Porte’s authority would all but destroy. In order to maintain Russia’s standing among the co-religionists, the peace treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji of 1774 and subsequent Russian-Ottoman agreements included certain guarantees in favor of the Christian population of the returned territories. The present paper offers a comparative perspective on these arrangements, which served the basis for trilateral relations between Russia, the Porte and the elites of Moldavia, Wallachia, the Archipelago and Serbia in the late 1700s and early 1800s.  The difference in attitudes and behaviour of the Romanian, Greek and Serbian leaders arguably explains varying degrees of autonomy that the territories in question enjoyed on the basis of the Russian-Ottoman treaty stipulations. More broadly, the paper seeks to problematize the notion of Russia’s protectorate over the Orthodox co-religionists. It shows that the legal basis of this protectorate remained very uneven, and, that for a long time, the makers of Russia’s Eastern policy dealt with particular Christian elites of Turkey-in-Europe rather than with the entire Orthodox community of the Ottoman Empire.
Quilombo: a voz do Teatro Experimental do Negro (Rio de Janeiro, 1940/1950)
Authors: Cunha Vanessa Lima
Published: April 2015

Este artigo propõe uma análise do jornal Quilombo: vida, problemas e aspirações do negro e a sua relação com o mito da democracia racial no Brasil nas décadas de 1940 e 1950. Este jornal foi fruto do trabalho de um grupo teatral denominado Teatro Experimental do Negro (TEN) surgido em 1944, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O referido periódico buscava dar voz a todos que tinham uma visão crítica sobre o preconceito racial no Brasil naquele contexto. Procuraremos compreender alguns dos discursos veiculados por este jornal, partindo de estudos e leituras de pesquisadores do tema, e as possibilidades de contribuição que ele deu nos debates relativos ao mito da democracia racial.
Um passeio primaveril com Certeau: nas pegadas do cotidiano e da cultura
Authors: Maior Junior Paulo R. Souto
Published: April 2015

Este texto pretende fazer uma análise crítica e introdutória de algumas questões relativas às tramas do cotidiano e do entendimento da cultura na escrita do intelectual francês Michel de Certeau (1925-1986). Na concretização desta pesquisa lançamos mão da leitura do livro A invenção do cotidiano no volume “Morar, cozinhar” do qual será extraído reflexões acerca do ato de morar(espaço urbano) e de cozinhar (espaço privado); bem como A cultura no Plural dando enfoque ao artigo “As universidades diante da cultura de massa” a fim de analisar as considerações certeaunianas acerca da cultura. Além do livro A escrita da História no qual analisamos as contribuições teóricas, sempre em nível introdutório, do texto “A operação historiográfica”. Sem a colaboração metodológica de Alarcon Agra do Ó e Alípio de Souza Filho este passeio não teria sido possível.
CUSTÓDIO, P. P. Alexandre Magno: aspectos de um mito de longa duração. São Paulo Annablume, 2006
Authors: Biazotto Thiago Do Amaral
Published: April 2015

Resenha de:  CUSTÓDIO, P. P. Alexandre Magno: aspectos de um mito de longa duração. São Paulo Annablume, 2006
JUE, Jeffrey K. Heaven Upon Earth: Joseph Mede (1586-1638) and the Legacy of the Millenarianism. Netherlands: Springer, 2006. 281p.
Authors: Lima Verônica Calsoni
Published: April 2015

Resenha de:  JUE, Jeffrey K. Heaven Upon Earth: Joseph Mede (1586-1638) and the Legacy of the Millenarianism. Netherlands: Springer, 2006. 281p.
Dossiê PET 20 Anos
Authors: História PET
Published: April 2015

Dossiê PET 20 Anos
A política pendular de D. Fernando I de Portugal (1367-1383) e sua relação com o Cisma do Ocidente (1378-1383)
Authors: Girardi Leonardo
Published: April 2015

Inserido no conjunto maior constituído pela Guerra dos Cem Anos, o Cisma do Ocidente (1378-1417) se caracterizará sobretudo pelo rompimento do ideal unitário representado pela Cristandade Latina – através da criação de duas Sés Pontifícias – e pelo acirramento da guerra. Assim, veremos seus efeitos por todos os reinos cristão latinos, inclusive Portugal, que no momento era governado por D. Fernando I (1367-1383). Este irá desenvolver uma política denominada pela historiografia como “pendular”, por conta de suas idas e vindas entre um e outro partido originado com a guerra e o Cisma – tendo em vista a série de eventos que ocorriam na Península Ibérica, sobretudo baseados em Castela, e nos interesses internos do reino. Sendo assim, intentamos  nalisar detidamente como se dá esta política, de que forma se relaciona com o Cisma do Ocidente, seus desdobramentos e consequências, tanto no âmbito  xterno quanto interno português ao longo do reinado fernandino.
Entre o espiritual e o temporal: o probabilismo e a teologia moral dos séculos XVI ao XVIII
Authors: Batista Rafael Bosch
Published: April 2015

O presente artigo é o resultado dos estudos realizados por meio da pesquisa “Daniel Concina e a história do probabilismo (séculos XVI-XVIII)”, realizada com o apoio de uma bolsa de iniciação científica financiada pela FAPESP durante os anos de 2010 e 2011. Essa pesquisa relaciona-se com o grupo de estudos “Direitos e Justiça nas Américas”, coordenado por Rafael Ruiz, do Núcleo deEstudos Ibéricos da Escola de Filosofia Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Estuda-se, nesse grupo, como as leis dos séculos XVI ao XVIII eram relativizadas de modo a se criarem espaços de ambuiguidade entre estas e seu cumprimento. Nesse sentido, este artigo busca demonstrar como a Teologia Moral se relacionava com as questões jurídicas e políticas, e busca ressaltar, também, a importância desta como um objeto para a compreensão destas questões no que diz respeito à Península Ibérica.
GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE PAU-DE-ESPETO (Casearia gossypiosperma) EM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS
Authors: Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck , Souza Juliana Santos , Carvalho Júnior Manoel Braga , Souza Simone Alves
Published: April 2015

Casearia gossypiosperma Briq., uma espécie arbórea pertencente à família Salicaceae, é utilizada na construção civil, arborização e paisagismo. Em virtude de sua importância econômico-ecológica e da escassez de informações sobre seu processo germinativo, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar as temperaturas mais adequadas para a germinação de sementes de pau-de-espeto. As sementes utilizadas no experimento foram coletadas no Pantanal de Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Em seguida, elas foram submetidas a seis tratamentos, com temperaturas constantes de 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C e alternadas de 20-30 e 25-35 °C, em câmaras de germinação. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram maior porcentagem de germinação das sementes nas temperaturas de 25 e30 °C, atingindo 83 e 84%, maior velocidade de germinação (10,0 em 25 °C e 10,7 em 30 °C) e comprimento de plântula (10,3 mm em 25 °C e10,8 mm em 30 °C). Portanto, a faixa de temperatura ótima para a germinação de sementes de pau-de-espeto está entre 25 e 30 ºC.Palavras-chave: Pantanal; sementes florestais; formação de plântulas; Salicaceae. AbstractGermination of Casearia gossypiosperma seeds at different temperatures. The species Casearia gossypiosperma is a tree, Salicaceae family, and its wood is suitable for civil construction, afforest, and landscaping. Due to its economic potential, ecological importance, and lack of information on its germination process, the aim of this research was to evaluate seed germination at different temperatures. The seeds used were collected from Pantanal de Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul – Brazil and were submitted to six different temperatures, constant of 20, 25, 30 and35 °C and alternating, 20-30 and 25-35 °C, in germination chambers. The results revealed that most seeds germinated at 25 and30 °C, producing 83 and 84% of germination, higher germination speed (10,0 at25 °C and 10.7 at30 °C), and the greatest seedlings (10.3 mm at25 °C and10.8 mm at30 °C). Therefore, the best temperatures to germination are between 25 and30 °C.Keywords: Pantanal; forest seeds; seedlings formation; Salicaceae.
FERTILIZANTE DE LIBERAÇÃO LENTA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Rossa Überson Boaretto , Angelo Alessandro Camargo , Bognola Itamar Antonio , Westphalen Danielle Janaina , Milani Jaçanan Eloisa
Published: April 2015

Uma das ações mais importantes para aumentar a produção de mudas de essências florestais é a fertilização do substrato. A utilização de fertilizante de liberação lenta (FLL) pode contribuir para a obtenção de mudas de melhor qualidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar doses crescentes de FLL e fertilizante convencional (FC), bem como comparar esses fertilizantes no desenvolvimento de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis. O estudo foi realizado na região do Vale do Itajaí, SC. Os tratamentos foram a adição de FLL e FC para cada experimento nas seguintes doses de formulado: T1 – 0 kg (testemunha); T2 – 2 kg; T3 – 4 kg; T4 – 6 kg; T5 – 8 kg e T6 – 10 kg.m-3 de substrato-base. Decorridos 174 dias da semeadura, foram analisadas as variáveis altura total, diâmetro do colo, biomassa fresca da parte aérea, biomassa seca da parte aérea, biomassa seca da raiz, biomassa seca total, dose de máxima eficiência técnica e teores de nutrientes da parte aérea das mudas de cada tratamento. Em todos os tratamentos houve resposta positiva no desenvolvimento das mudas, entretanto as mudas tiveram melhor crescimento sob doses entre 9,1 e 12,9 kg.m-3 de fertilizante de liberação lenta.Palavras-chave: Qualidade de mudas; nutrição de mudas; vivericultura; fertilização; substrato. AbstractSlow release fertilizer in development of seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis. One of the most important actions to increase production of seedlings is substrate fertilization. The use of slow release fertilizer (FLL) can contribute to the achievement of best seedlings. The aim of this research was to evaluate increasing doses of FLL and FC, as well as compare these fertilizers in developing seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis. The study was conducted in Vale do Itajai, Santa Catarina State. The treatments were the addition of FLL and HR in each experiment in the following doses: T1 - 0 kg (control), T2 - 2 kg; T3 - 4 kg, T4 - 6 kg; T5 - 8 kg and T6 - 10 kg.m-3 of base substrate. After 174 days of sowing, the variables analyzed were total height, stem diameter, fresh weight of shoot, shoot dry biomass, root dry weight, total biomass and maximum dose of technical efficiency, and nutrient levels of the seedlings of each treatment. In all treatments there was positive response in seedling development, however, the plants had better growth in doses ranging from 9.1 to 12.9 kg.m-3 of slow release fertilizer.Keywords: Seedling quality; seedlings nutrition; cultivation of seedlings; fertilization; substrate.
AVALIAÇÃO DO USO DE IMIDACLOPRID NO CONTROLE DE Acromyrmex spp. (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) EM PLANTIO DE Pinus taeda
Authors: Vitorino Marcelo Diniz , Dutra Raphaela Noêmia , Arenhardt Taise Cristina Plattau , Beal Liliam Cristiane , Gonçalves Adam Henry Marques , Marquardt Rafaela Tamara , Da Costa Paula Adriana , De Cristo Sandra Ciriaco
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a utilização do ingrediente ativo imidacloprid, aplicado em diferentes dosagens, por meio de gel condicionador de solo, em mudas de Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae) recém-plantadas. O experimento foi instalado em uma das áreas da Empresa Celulose Irani S.A., no município de Vargem Bonita, SC, com desenho experimental em blocos ao acaso com 5 tratamentos e 8 repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 25, 56 e 81 dias após a instalação do experimento. A análise estatística mostrou não haver diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. A presença da APP próxima ao experimento influenciou significativamente nos resultados. A intensidade de dano após três avaliações (81 dias) foi de 4,06%, resultado este promissor para o controle de quenquéns (Acromyrmex spp.) com a metodologia proposta.Palavras-chave: Controle químico; formigas cortadeiras; avaliação de dano. AbstractEvaluation of imidacloprid usage in control of Acromyrmex spp. in Pinus taeda planting. This research aimed to evaluate usage of active ingredient imidacloprid in different dosages, applied as gel soil conditioner in seedlings of Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae) newly planted. The experiment was installed in one area of the company Celulose Irani S. A., at Vargem Bonita city, Santa Catarina State. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and 8 replicates. Evaluations were performed at 25, 56 and 81 days after the experiment beginning. The presence of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) near the experimental area significantly influenced the outcome. The intensity of damage after three assessments (81 days) was 4.06%, a promising result for control leaf-cutting ants (Acromyrmex spp.) with the proposed methodology.Keywords: Chemical control; leaf-cutting ants; damage assessment.