bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retained cartilaginous core in the distal radius of a small breed dog
Authors: Nelson J. T. , Monahan C. F. , Sledge D. G. , Kim S.
Published: January 2023

A 5‐month‐old castrated male Smooth Fox Terrier presented for a 1‐month history of right thoracic limb lameness. Physical examination revealed right elbow pain on extension and mild soft tissue swelling of the distal antebrachium. Radiographs and computed tomography showed elongated focal radiolucent regions in the distal radial metaphysis. There was incongruity of the right elbow with a short radius. Bone biopsy and histopathology of the regions confirmed a retained cartilaginous core characterised by bony trabeculae with frequently retained central cartilaginous cores. A dynamic proximal ulnar ostectomy was performed to improve elbow congruity. The owner was instructed to restrict activity to short leash walks for 8 weeks followed by a gradual activity increase. On follow‐up examination 16 weeks after operatively, the lameness and elbow pain were resolved. Radiographs at that time showed a healed ulnar ostectomy, proper elbow congruity, and resolved retained cartilaginous core.
Merleau‐Ponty and Nagarjuna – Ethics Within the Self of the No‐Self
Authors: Michaels Rayme
Published: January 2023

This essay explores the concept of the self in the philosophies of Nagarjuna and Merleau‐Ponty by examining how it is that, according to them, the self is empty and only conventionally real rather than intrinsically so. By analyzing the similarities between their philosophies, the essay aims to shed light on new ways of understanding perception, ethics, and our relationships with others. It will include an analysis of the no‐self and the emptiness of entities, as well as an analysis of Merleau‐Ponty's writings and philosophy to see how it is that, according to him, in order to better understand ourselves, we must understand the reality of our intersubjectivity and intertwining with the world. It will clearly be shown that Merleau‐Ponty's existential phenomenology and the Madhyamikan school of thought coincide and offer powerful moral philosophies, while seeing the world as being completely separate from the self, distorts both our notions of ourselves and the world we are interconnected with. Virtue must be sought in samsara (perpetually being born into the world) and sunyata (emptiness that is itself empty of inherent existence), for samsara and nirvana (the end of karma) are one.

[Correction added on 03 April 2023, after the first online publication: First two sentences of the Abstract have been modified.]
Causal effect of lower birthweight on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and mediating roles of insulin resistance and metabolites
Authors: Kong Lijie , Ye Chaojie , Wang Yiying , Zheng Jie , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Lu Jieli , Chen Yuhong , Xu Min , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Wang Tiange
Published: January 2023

Background & Aims

The causal association of lower birthweight with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the mediating pathways remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal, independent association of lower birthweight with NAFLD and identify potential metabolic mediators and their mediation effects in this association.

Methods

We performed two‐step, two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for birthweight from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium of 298 142 Europeans, NAFLD from a GWAS meta‐analysis of 8434 NAFLD cases and 770 180 controls of Europeans, and 25 candidate mediators from corresponding reliable GWASs.

Results

Genetically determined each 1‐SD lower birthweight was associated with a 45% (95% CI: 1.25–1.69) increased risk of NAFLD, and this causal association persisted after adjusting for childhood obesity or adult adiposity traits in multivariable MR. Two‐step MR identified 6 of 25 candidate mediators partially mediate the effect of lower birthweight on NAFLD, including fasting insulin (proportion mediated: 22.05%), leucine (17.29%), isoleucine (13.55%), valine (11.37%), alanine (10.01%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; 7.23%). Bidirectional MR suggested a unidirectional effect of insulin resistance on isoleucine, leucine and valine and a unidirectional effect of alanine on insulin resistance.

Conclusions

This MR study elucidated the causal impact of lower birthweight on subsequent risk of NAFLD, independently of later‐life adiposity and identified mediators including insulin resistance, branched‐chain amino acids, alanine and MUFA in this association pathway. Our findings shed light on the pathogenesis of NAFLD and imply additional targets for prevention and intervention of NAFLD attributed to low birthweight.
Discourse‐level adaptation in pronoun comprehension
Authors: Ye Yining , Arnold Jennifer E.
Published: January 2023

It is well established that people adapt to statistical regularities at phonological, lexical, and syntactic levels. Much less is known about adaptation to discourse‐level structures, such as adaptation to structures defined as the relationship between a pronoun and its antecedent. To fill this gap, this paper reviews studies on the learning of referential patterns by asking (1) do people represent referential structures, (2) how long do discourse‐level representations last, (3) how specific are representations that are used for referential adaptation, (4) what mechanisms underlie this adaptation, and (5) what the current methods are used to test referential adaptation. This paper also briefly summarises the work on adaptation at other linguistic levels. This line of work extends adaptation to higher‐level structures and demonstrates how people learn language patterns that drive successful communication and reading skills.
Considerations for assessment of measurement quality of mid‐upper arm circumference data in anthropometric surveys and mass nutritional screenings conducted in humanitarian and refugee settings
Authors: Bilukha Oleg , Kianian Behzad
Published: January 2023

Despite frequent use of mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) to assess populations in humanitarian settings, no guidance exists about the ranges for excluding implausible extreme outliers (flags) from MUAC data and about the quality assessment of collected MUAC data. We analysed 701 population‐representative anthropometric surveys in children aged 6–59 months from 40 countries conducted between 2011 and 2019. We explored characteristics of flags as well as changes in survey‐level MUAC‐for‐age z‐score (MUACZ) and MUAC means, SD and percentage of flags based on three flagging approaches: ±3 and ±4 MUACZ z‐scores from observed MUACZ survey mean and a fixed interval 100–200 mm of MUAC. Both ±4 and 100–200 flagging approaches identified as flags approximately 0.15% of records; about 60% of all surveys had no flags and less than 1% of surveys had >2% of flags. The ±3 approach flagged 0.6% records in the data set and 3% of surveys had >2% of flags. Plausible ranges (defined as 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) for SD of MUACZ and MUAC were 0.8–1.2 and 10.5–14.4 mm, respectively. Survey‐level SDs of MUAC and MUACZ were highly correlated (r = 0.68). The average SD of MUACZ was 0.96 using the ±4 flagging approach and 0.94 with ±3 approach. Defining outliers in MUAC data based on the MUACZ approach is feasible and adjusts for different probability of extreme values based on age and nutrition status of surveyed population. In assessments where age is not recorded and therefore MUACZ cannot be generated, using 100–200 mm range for flag exclusion could be a feasible solution.
Hypothiocyanite and host–microbe interactions
Authors: Meredith Julia D. , Gray Michael J.
Published: January 2023

The pseudohypohalous acid hypothiocyanite/hypothiocyanous acid (OSCN−/HOSCN) has been known to play an antimicrobial role in mammalian immunity for decades. It is a potent oxidant that kills bacteria but is non‐toxic to human cells. Produced from thiocyanate (SCN−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a variety of body sites by peroxidase enzymes, HOSCN has been explored as an agent of food preservation, pathogen killing, and even improved toothpaste. However, despite the well‐recognized antibacterial role HOSCN plays in host–pathogen interactions, little is known about how bacteria sense and respond to this oxidant. In this work, we will summarize what is known and unknown about HOSCN in innate immunity and recent advances in understanding the responses that both pathogenic and non‐pathogenic bacteria mount against this antimicrobial agent, highlighting studies done with three model organisms, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Viral immunity: Basic mechanisms and therapeutic applications—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Balachandran Siddharth , Daley‐Bauer Lisa P. , Rustagi Arjun , Antony Ferrin , Frere Justin J. , Strampe Jamie , Kedzierska Katherine , Cannon Judy L. , McGargill Maureen A. , Weiskopf Daniela , Mettelman Robert C. , Niessl Julia , Thomas Paul G. , Briney Bryan , Valkenburg Sophie A. , Bloom Jesse D. , Bjorkman Pamela J. , Iketani Sho , Rappazzo C. Garrett , Crooks Chelsea M. , Crofts Kali F. , Pöhlmann Stefan , Krammer Florian , Sant Andrea J. , Nabel Gary J. , Schultz‐Cherry Stacey
Published: January 2023

Viruses infect millions of people each year. Both endemic viruses circulating throughout the population as well as novel epidemic and pandemic viruses pose ongoing threats to global public health. Developing more effective tools to address viruses requires not only in‐depth knowledge of the virus itself but also of our immune system's response to infection. On June 29 to July 2, 2022, researchers met for the Keystone symposium “Viral Immunity: Basic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications.” This report presents concise summaries from several of the symposium presenters.
OsFTL12, a member of FT‐like family, modulates the heading date and plant architecture by florigen repression complex in rice
Authors: Zheng Rui , Meng Xiangbing , Hu Qingliang , Yang Bo , Cui Guicai , Li Yingying , Zhang Siju , Zhang Yu , Ma Xuan , Song Xiaoguang , Liang Shanshan , Li Yunhai , Li Jiayang , Yu Hong , Luan Weijiang
Published: January 2023

FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a florigen in Arabidopsis, plays critical roles in floral transition. Among 13 FT‐like members in rice, OsFTL2 (Hd3a) and OsFTL3 (RFT1), two rice homologues of FT, have been well characterized to act as florigens to induce flowering under short‐day (SD) and long‐day (LD) conditions, respectively, but the functions of other rice FT‐like members remain largely unclear. Here, we show that OsFTL12 plays an antagonistic function against Hd3a and RFT1 to modulate the heading date and plant architecture in rice. Unlike Hd3a and RFT1, OsFTL12 is not regulated by daylength and highly expressed in both SD and LD conditions, and delays the heading date under either SD or LD conditions. We further demonstrate that OsFTL12 interacts with GF14b and OsFD1, two key components of the florigen activation complex (FAC), to form the florigen repression complex (FRC) by competing with Hd3a for binding GF14b. Notably, OsFTL12‐FRC can bind to the promoters of the floral identity genes OsMADS14 and OsMADS15 and suppress their expression. The osmads14 osmads15 double mutants could not develop panicles and showed erect leaves. Taken together, our results reveal that different FT‐like members can fine‐tune heading date and plant architecture by regulating the balance of FAC and FRC in rice.
In Vitro Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy with 980 nm Diode Laser on Gene Expression of Key Regulators of Bone Remodeling by Human Periodontal Ligament Cells under Mild Orthodontic Forces
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyyedeh Niloufar , Hodjat Mahshid , Hakimiha Neda , Akhoundi Mohammad Sadegh Ahmad , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) with 980 nm diode laser as monotherapy and in combination with compressive and tensile orthodontic forces on expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), sclerostin (SOST) and periostin (POSTN), by human periodontal ligament cells. Isolated cells were cultured and subjected to either tensile (10% elongation) or compressive forces (25 g cm−2) for 24 and 48 h. Subsequently, the cells received PBM (100 mW power, 3 or 6 J cm−2 energy density) immediately after load cycle. RT‐PCR was applied to assess the genes expression. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). We found that PBM in combination with orthodontic forces led to upregulation of bone resorption genes (RANKL and SOST) at the pressure side and their downregulation at the tension side. The expression of osteogenic genes (OPG and POSTN) increased at the tension side and decreased at the pressure side. PBM alone did not affect gene expression. In conclusion, these findings suggest that this PBM protocol may be effective in enhancement of the gene expression in favor of bone remodeling acceleration that should be confirmed in future animal and human studies.
Germination of shrub species from Chinese subtropical forests: implications for restoration
Authors: Bhatt A. , Daibes L. F. , Chen X. , Gallacher D. J.
Published: January 2023

Incorporating native shrubs into restoration projects can improve biodiversity conservation and enhance the sustainability of ecosystem functions. Shrubs grow under different forest canopy structures, having varied microclimatic conditions according to forest type and composition. Currently, there is a lack of information on propagation from seed and planting material availability for the utilization of shrubs in forest restoration.

In the present study, we evaluated the effects of temperature and light on germination of ten shrub species (Ardisia japonica,Callicarpa cathayana,Callicarpa giraldiivar.subcanescens,Deutzia schneideriana,Fraxinus sieboldiana,Hydrangea chinensis,Maesa japonica,Rhododendron simsii,Spiraea japonicavar.fortuneiandWeigela japonicavar.sinica) occurring in subtropical forests in China.

No seeds of any species germinated in the coolest thermal regime (5/10 °C), while optimal temperature requirements varied from 10/20 °C to 25/35 °C. Seeds of small‐seeded species had higher germination percentages in the light treatments, while larger seeds were not photoblastic. There was no relationship between germination in the light and the seed shape index.

Our results may assist in identification of seed traits and suitable shrub species for restoration in specific forest types, thus aiding native forest recovery of structure and composition. Successful recovery leads to enhanced biodiversity, reestablishment of microhabitats and ecological interactions in the forest understorey.
The ethylene receptor mutation etr2b reveals crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in the control of Cucurbita pepo germination
Authors: Iglesias‐Moya Jessica , Cebrián Gustavo , Garrido Dolores , Martínez Cecilia , Jamilena Manuel
Published: January 2023

The enhanced salt tolerance of squash ethylene‐insensitive mutants during germination and early stages of seedling development suggested that abscisic acid (ABA) could mediate this tolerance. To gain insight into the crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in seed germination, the germination rate and early seedling growth of wild type (WT) and ethylene‐insensitive etr2b mutant were compared in seeds germinated under water and exogenous ABA treatment. The etr2b seeds germinated earlier than WT under both water and ABA, and the effect of ABA on radicle length and seedling growth of etr2b was lower than in WT, indicating that etr2b is also insensitive to ABA. The comparison of ABA and ethylene contents and ABA and ethylene gene expression profiles in WT and etr2b dry and imbibed seeds in either water, NaCl or ABA demonstrated a clear crosstalk between ethylene and ABA in germination. The expression profiles of ethylene genes in WT and etr2b indicated that the role of ethylene in seed germination does not appear to follow the canonical ethylene signaling pathway. Instead, etr2b reduces ABA content during formation of the seeds (dry seeds) and in response to seed imbibition and germination, which means diminished dormancy in the ethylene mutant. The etr2b mutation downregulated the expression of ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes during germination, demonstrating the positive role of ethylene receptor gene CpETR2B on seed germination and early seedling growth in squash is mediated by ABA. The reduced effect of exogenous ABA on ethylene production and ethylene gene expression in etr2b seeds suggests that this regulation is also dependent on ethylene.
Alf Ross on the Nature of Law
Authors: Bix Brian H.
Published: January 2023

In his work, On Law and Justice, Alf Ross sought to explain law in scientific/empirical terms, in terms that would require no recourse to what he called “metaphysics” or “idealism.” The result is a sort of translation of legal rules and official actions into propositions of behavior, predictions of behavior, and shared ideology. The present work raises questions about the tensions within Ross's work(s), and discusses the places where Ross's analysis seems to fall short of its ambitions. In the course of the discussion, the article considers issues relating to legal mistake, explanations of judicial behavior, and different types of normativity.
Comparison of whole blood concentrations of oral human generic modified ciclosporin capsules with microemulsified ciclosporin capsules approved for canine atopic dermatitis following a single oral administration to healthy dogs
Authors: Vargo Cheryl , Austel Michaela , Banovic Frane
Published: January 2023

Background

There have been no comparative bioavailability studies between the microemulsified ciclosporin formulation, approved for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD), and the generic modified formulation of ciclosporin for humans.

Objectives

To compare whole blood ciclosporin concentrations of oral generic modified ciclosporin (Treatment A; Teva Pharmaceuticals) and ciclosporin brand Atopica (Treatment B; Elanco Animal Health) in healthy dogs at 1 and 1.5 h following a single oral administration.

Methods

Whole blood concentrations were evaluated at 1 and 1.5 h post‐oral administration of treatments A and B in a randomised, blinded, cross‐over study with an 8‐day wash‐out, after a single administration at 4.4–5.3 mg/kg/day in eight healthy, male‐castrated research beagle dogs. Ciclosporin blood concentrations were measured through the Auburn University Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory.

Results

Ciclosporin blood concentrations were below the detection limit before the start of treatment for both groups. Blood ciclosporin concentrations for Treatment A (median 1192 ng/ml) were significantly higher at 1 h post‐oral administration than those for Treatment B (median 499 ng/ml;p = 0.001). However, no significant differences (p = 0.75) in ciclosporin values were observed at 1.5 h post‐administration between treatments A (median 945 ng/ml) and B (median 809 ng/ml).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Generic modified ciclosporin achieved higher blood concentrations at 1 h post‐administration than Atopica after a single oral administration in healthy dogs; no difference was noted at 1.5 h. Further clinical studies using generic modified ciclosporin in client‐owned dogs affected with cAD are advocated to confirm its therapeutic efficacy.
Evaluation of immunoglobulin replacement therapy in secondary immunodeficiency at three British Columbia hospitals
Authors: Tran Ann , Marcon Krista , Zamar David , Mi Jian , Shad Jodi , Zheng Joey , Nicolson Hamish , Onell Rodrigo , Shih Andrew W.
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives

Immunoglobulin (Ig) usage has ongoing shortage concerns. Secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) account for a major proportion of usage of Igs in Canada. We audited Ig usage in patients with SID at three British Columbia hospitals to determine whether more stringent local guidelines are necessary.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who had Ig ordered between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2019 for any SID indication. Cohorts were stratified into chronic and new users, and the Australian BloodSTAR guidelines were used as the benchmark at the time of conception. Having an eligible primary diagnosis, meeting SID criteria, an appropriate dosage and follow‐up immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels encompassed appropriate usage.

Results

There were no demographic differences between chronic (N = 81) and new (N = 33) cohorts. The new cohort had a higher rate of appropriate usage (45.7% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.06). The most common reason for inappropriate usage in both groups was the lack of follow‐up IgG level at 6 or 12 months. Factors, displayed by relative risk (RR), associated with appropriateness included the dispensing hospital (RR: 6.60), use of subcutaneous Ig (RR: 3.84), having an IgG level before starting therapy (RR: 3.51) and documentation of clinical benefit (RR: 4.70).

Conclusion

There are high rates of inappropriate Ig usage in SID patients in both new and chronically treated groups. More stringent local guidelines and processes for assessing initial and ongoing Ig replacement are warranted.
Performance evaluation of submerged membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment: Experimental study and model validation with GPS‐X software simulator
Authors: Al‐Sayed Aly , Hellal Mohamed S. , Al‐Shemy Mona T. , Hassan Gamal K.
Published: January 2023

In this study, flat sheet submerged MBR (FS‐SMBR) was investigated under 6 and 4 h hydraulic retention times (HRT) and 40 days solid retention time with real municipal wastewater. The implementation of the treatment system was evaluated in terms of physico‐chemical and microbial analysis as well as sludge characterization. The permeate of FS‐SMBR complied with the standards for reuse and non‐detectable levels of faecal coliform was achieved at 6 and 4 h HRTs, with pore‐blocking resistances (Rt) of 28 × 1011 and 40 × 1011/m, respectively. Examining another dominant factor, that is, sludge viscosity, the best results were acquired using HRT 4 h for domestic wastewater. Furthermore, the results obtained were validated and calibrated using the GPS‐X software simulator, and the results of modelled data were completely matched with the experimental data under the same conditions.
Emotion in Intercultural Communication– A Sociocultural Model
Authors: Yuan Xiaohui
Published: January 2023

Emotion has been widely studied in multiple disciplines which include but are not exhaustive to cognitive psychology, neurobiology, anthropology and linguistics. However, emotion in the context of intercultural communication has received far less well-deserved attention. On the other hand, although certain social factors such as context, common ground, formulaic language use and salience are deemed as indispensable helping us to understand the nature of and challenges in intercultural communication, a key concept such as emotion and its role in shaping people’s perceptions, interpretations, attitudes and language use in intercultural contexts is in effect neglected or taken from an intuitive departure, despite a burgeoning growth of literature contributing to conceptualising intercultural communication theories. In this paper, I intend to fill this overlapping gap in the emotion studies and in the intercultural communication research, drawing on findings on the nature of emotion in cognitive psychology, anthropology and linguistics to develop a sociocultural model theorising emotion in intercultural contexts. Naturally occurring intercultural interactions, where Mandarin is used as the language of communication, are employed to illustrate how the model can be applied to analysing emotion, language and culture in intercultural encounters. It is hoped that this paper can contribute to interdisciplinary efforts on theorising emotion in the area of intercultural communication.
Derived categories of hyper-Kähler manifolds: extended Mukai vector and integral structure
Authors: Beckmann Thorsten
Published: January 2023

We introduce a linearised form of the square root of the Todd class inside the Verbitsky component of a hyper-Kähler manifold using the extended Mukai lattice. This enables us to define a Mukai vector for certain objects in the derived category taking values inside the extended Mukai lattice which is functorial for derived equivalences. As applications, we obtain a structure theorem for derived equivalences between hyper-Kähler manifolds as well as an integral lattice associated to the derived category of hyper-Kähler manifolds deformation equivalent to the Hilbert scheme of a K3 surface mimicking the surface case.
Objects of Collaboration: Roles and Sequences of Objects in Spanning Knowledge Group Boundaries in Design
Authors: Brubaker Eric R. , Sheppard Sheri D. , Hinds Pamela J. , Yang Maria C.
Published: January 2023

Spanning knowledge group boundaries is both a source of and barrier to design performance and innovation. Objects—from prototypes to kanban boards—are frequently used in cross-functional design practice, but their associated outcomes appear varied and dependent not only on the objects themselves but on how, when, and by whom they are used. We conducted a two-year ethnography within a turbomachinery design company to understand how professional engineering designers span knowledge group boundaries to advance their designs and design processes. Our findings identify three roles of objects of collaboration: routinizing cross-boundary interaction, translating information across boundaries, and motivating joint negotiation or discovery. We illustrate two prominent outcomes—the co-discovery of a design risk, opportunity, or bottleneck and the co-design of a joint integrated solution—and describe two object role sequences from which these outcomes seem to follow. These findings are significant because they suggest ways for designers to effectively use objects to span knowledge group boundaries.
Generative Design: Reframing the Role of the Designer in Early-Stage Design Process
Authors: Saadi Jana I. , Yang Maria C.
Published: January 2023

Generative design tools empowered by recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer the opportunity for human designers and design tools to collaborate in new, more advanced modes throughout various stages of the product design process to facilitate the creation of higher performing and more complex products. This paper explores how the use of these generative design tools may impact the design process, designer behavior, and overall outcomes. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with practicing and student designers from different disciplines who use commercial generative design tools, detailing the design processes they followed. From a grounded theory-based analysis of the interviews, a provisional process diagram for generative design and its uses in the early-stage design process is proposed. The early stages of defining tool inputs bring about a constraint-driven process in which designers focus on the abstraction of the design problem. Designers will iterate through the inputs to improve both quantitative and qualitative metrics. The learning through iteration allows designers to gain a thorough understanding of the design problem and solution space. This can bring about creative applications of generative design tools in early-stage design to provide guidance for traditionally designed products.
Towards a Holistic and Functional Model-Based Design Method for Mechatronic Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Hoepfner Gregor , Nachmann Imke , Zerwas Thilo , Berroth Joerg K. , Kohl Jens , Guist Christian , Rumpe Bernhard , Jacobs Georg
Published: January 2023

Engineering cyber-physical systems (CPS) is complex and time-consuming due to the heterogeneity of the involved engineering domains and the high number of physical and logical interactions of their subsystems. Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approaches tackle the complexity of developing CPS by formally and explicitly modeling subsystems and their interactions. Newer approaches also integrate domain-specific models and modeling languages to cover different aspects of CPS. However, MBSE approaches are currently not fully applicable for CPS development since they do not integrate formal models for physical and mechanical behavior to an extent that allows to seamlessly link mechanical models to the digital models and reuse them. In this paper, we discuss the challenges arising from the missing integration of physics into MBSE and introduce a model-based methodology capable of integrating physical functions and effects into an MBSE approach on a level where detailed physical effects are considered. Our approach offers a fully virtual, model-based development methodology covering the whole development process for the development of CPS. Evaluating this methodology on a real automotive use case demonstrates benefits regarding virtual development and functional testing of CPS. It shows potentials regarding automated development and continuous integration of the whole CPS including all domains. As an outlook of this paper, we discuss potential further research topics extending our development workflow.
Folding the neural plate
Authors: Baek Amy E.
Published: January 2023

Apical constriction and neural tube closure depend on coordinated ephrin and Wnt signaling.
Improved DNA Amplification of the Hallmark IS
900
Element in
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
: a Reexamination Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis
Authors: Bannantine John P. , Stabel Judith R. , Bayles Darrell O. , Biet Franck
Published: January 2023

This study is an example of how applied genomic analysis can aid diagnostic test improvements. Detection of
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
infection of livestock prior to the appearance of clinical disease signs is very difficult but essential for identifying animals shedding the bacterium to prevent transmission of Johne’s disease.
Minimizing the Lag Phase of Cupriavidus necator Growth under Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, and Mixotrophic Conditions
Authors: Amer Abdelrahman , Kim Younggy
Published: January 2023

The current work investigated the inhibition of organic and gaseous substrates on the microbial adaption of
Cupriavidus necator
under several metabolic conditions commonly employed for commercial polyhydroxyalkanoate production. We also proposed a two-stage cultivation system to minimize the lag time required to change over between the heterotrophic, autotrophic, and mixotrophic pathways.
Inducible CRISPRi-Based Operon Silencing and Selective in
Trans
Gene Complementation in Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Murphy Bryan T. , Wiepen Jacob J. , He Huan , Pramanik Ankita S. , Peters Jason M. , Stevenson Brian , Zückert Wolfram R.
Published: January 2023

Borrelia burgdorferi
, the spirochetal bacterium causing Lyme disease, is a tick-borne pathogen of global importance. Here, we expand the genetic toolbox for studying
B. burgdorferi
physiology and pathogenesis by establishing a single plasmid-based, fully inducible, and nontoxic CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system for transcriptional silencing of
B. burgdorferi
genes and operons.
An Update on Novel Taxa and Revised Taxonomic Status of Bacteria (Including Members of the Phylum
Planctomycetota
) Isolated from Aquatic Host Species Described in 2018 to 2021
Authors: Burbick Claire R. , Munson Erik , Lawhon Sara D. , Zapp Amanda , Villaflor Maia , Thelen Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

Increased interest in farmed aquatic species, aquatic conservation measures, and microbial metabolic end-product utilization have translated into a need for awareness and recognition of novel microbial species and revisions to bacterial taxonomy. Because this need has largely been unmet, through a 4-year literature review, we present lists of novel and revised bacterial species (including members of the phylum
Planctomycetota
) derived from aquatic hosts that can serve as a baseline for future biennial summaries of taxonomic revisions in this field.
Scaffolding STEM Literacy Assignments To Build Greater Competence in Microbiology Courses
Authors: Joyner Jessica Lee , Parks Samantha T.
Published: January 2023

Different approaches can be used to impart science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) literacy among undergraduates and thus can be modified to support various scientific concepts and course objectives. In comparable microbiology-related courses, scaffolded assignments to improve STEM literacy through data, information, and communication analysis skills were developed using the ASM Curriculum Guidelines and the Microbiology Course Inventory (MCI) to structure the course and assignments.
Strains Colonizing Different Intestinal Sites within an Individual Are Derived from a Single Founder Population
Authors: Dubinsky Vadim , Dotan Iris , Gophna Uri
Published: January 2023

By reconstructing bacterial genomes from samples taken from specific sites within the human intestines, via aspiration, we show that strains at specific intestinal sites are genetically distinct yet interrelated and are derived from a single founder population. Organ-specific metagenomic information represents a powerful tool to generate insights into gastrointestinal diseases, which involve only a part of the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Strong Dispersal Limitation of Microbial Communities at Shackleton Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Lemoine Nathan P. , Adams Byron J. , Diaz Melisa , Dragone Nicholas B. , Franco André L. C. , Fierer Noah , Lyons W. Berry , Hogg Ian D. , Wall Diana H.
Published: January 2023

Because of their diversity and ubiquity, microbes provide an excellent means to tease apart how natural communities are structured. In general, ecologists believe that stochastic assembly processes, like random drift and dispersal, should dominate in benign environments while deterministic processes, like environmental filtering, should be prevalent in harsh environments.
EBR-5, a Novel Variant of Metallo-β-Lactamase EBR from Multidrug-Resistant Empedobacter stercoris
Authors: Li Pei , Lei Ting , Zhou Yang , Dai Yujie , Yang Zhishuang , Luo Hongyan
Published: January 2023

Carbapenemases are one of the greatest threats to clinical therapy, as they could confer resistance by hydrolyzing carbapenems and other β-lactam antimicrobials. In this study, we identified a novel metallo-β-lactamase EBR variant, namely, EBR-5, in
Empedobacter stercoris
.
Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of Nine String-Positive Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Israel
Authors: Rakovitsky Nadya , Lurie-Weinberger Mor N. , Hameir Amichay , Wulffhart Liat , Keren Paz Alona , Schwartz David , Carmeli Yehuda
Published: January 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii
has been considered a major health care threat in recent years. Despite many efforts, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of
A. baumannii
virulence remain poorly understood.
Streptomyces
sp. Strain PBR11, a Forest-Derived Soil
Actinomycetia
with Antimicrobial Potential
Authors: Mazumdar Rajkumari , Dutta Partha Pratim , Saikia Juri , Borah Jagat Chandra , Thakur Debajit
Published: January 2023

Novel antibiotic breakthroughs are urgently required to combat antimicrobial resistance.
Actinomycetia
are the principal producers of antibiotics.
PCV2 Uptake by Porcine Monocytes Is Strain-Dependent and Is Associated with Amino Acid Characteristics on the Capsid Surface
Authors: Ouyang Yueling , Nauwynck Hans J.
Published: January 2023

PCV2 is present on almost every pig farm in the world and is associated with a high number of diseases (PCV2-associated diseases [PCVADs]). It causes severe economic losses.
New Molecular Mechanism of Superbiofilm Elaboration in a Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Strain
Authors: Yu Liansheng , Hisatsune Junzo , Kutsuno Shoko , Sugai Motoyuki
Published: January 2023

Poly-
N
-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is a major component of
S. aureus
biofilm. PNAG production is mediated by the products of four genes,
icaADBC
encoded in the
ica
operon, and the major negative regulator of this operon is IcaR encoded just upstream of
icaADBC
.
Disruption of the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Induced by High Fructose and Restraint Stress Is Regulated by the Intestinal Microbiota and Microbiota Metabolites
Authors: Yu Jiayu , Liu Tianlong , Guo Qingyun , Wang Zixu , Chen Yaoxing , Dong Yulan
Published: January 2023

A high-fructose diet aggravated restraint stress-induced changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome, in which the abundance of
A. muciniphila
was significantly increased. The high-fructose diet exacerbated restraint stress-induced the changes in the composition of the microbial metabolites, with taurine abundance being downregulated and histamine abundance upregulated.
Supplemental Material: Newly recognized blueschist-facies metamorphism (glaucophane-omphacite-garnet), Belvidere Mountain Complex, northern Appalachians
Authors: Honsberger I.W.
Published: January 2023

Text File 1: Mineral nomenclature and analytical methods. Text File 2: Procedures for pseudosection calculations. Table S1: All electron microprobe analyses, Belvidere Mountain Complex amphibolites. 
Lymphoscintigraphy in idiopathic recurrent chylopericardium
Authors: Singh Parneet , Singhal Tejasvini , Shrestha Jeevan , Narayan Manishi
Published: January 2023

Chylopericardium is a clinical condition due to the accumulation of triglyceride-rich chylous fluid within the pericardial space. It may be primary (idiopathic), without any apparent cause or secondary to some precipitating factors, such as cardiac surgery, malignancy, trauma, infection and radiation. Primary chylopericardium is rare and a diagnosis of exclusion, so far less than 150 cases have been reported in the literature. The authors present a case of recurrent primary chylopericardium diagnosed by lymphoscintigraphy.
Semi-supervised graph neural networks for pileup noise removal
Authors: Li Tianchun , Liu Shikun , Feng Yongbin , Paspalaki Garyfallia , Tran Nhan V. , Liu Miaoyuan , Li Pan
Published: January 2023

The high instantaneous luminosity of the CERN Large Hadron Collider leads to multiple proton–proton interactions in the same or nearby bunch crossings (pileup). Advanced pileup mitigation algorithms are designed to remove this noise from pileup particles and improve the performance of crucial physics observables. This study implements a semi-supervised graph neural network for particle-level pileup noise removal, by identifying individual particles produced from pileup. The graph neural network is firstly trained on charged particles with known labels, which can be obtained from detector measurements on data or simulation, and then inferred on neutral particles for which such labels are missing. This semi-supervised approach does not depend on the neutral particle pileup label information from simulation, and thus allows us to perform training directly on experimental data. The performance of this approach is found to be consistently better than widely-used domain algorithms and comparable to the fully-supervised training using simulation truth information. The study serves as the first attempt at applying semi-supervised learning techniques to pileup mitigation, and opens up a new direction of fully data-driven machine learning pileup mitigation studies.
Strong enhancement of electromagnetic shower development induced by high-energy photons in a thick oriented tungsten crystal
Authors: Soldani M. , Bandiera L. , Moulson M. , Ballerini G. , Baryshevsky V. G. , Bomben L. , Brizzolari C. , Charitonidis N. , D’Alessandro G. L. , De Salvador D. , van Dijk M. , Georgiev G. , Gianoli A. , Guidi V. , Haurylavets V. , Lobko A. S. , Maiolino T. , Mascagna V. , Mazzolari A. , Petrucci F. C. , Prest M. , Romagnoni M. , Rubin P. , Soldi D. , Sytov A. , Tikhomirov V. V. , Vallazza E.
Published: January 2023

We have observed a significant enhancement in the energy deposition by 25–$$100~\textrm{GeV}$$

100

GeV

photons in a $$1~\textrm{cm}$$

1

cm

thick tungsten crystal oriented along its $$\langle 111 \rangle $$

⟨
111
⟩

lattice axes. At $$100~\textrm{GeV}$$

100

GeV

, this enhancement, with respect to the value observed without axial alignment, is more than twofold. This effect, together with the measured huge increase in secondary particle generation is ascribed to the acceleration of the electromagnetic shower development by the strong axial electric field. The experimental results have been critically compared with a newly developed Monte Carlo adapted for use with crystals of multi-$$X_0$$

X
0

thickness. The results presented in this paper may prove to be of significant interest for the development of high-performance photon absorbers and highly compact electromagnetic calorimeters and beam dumps for use at the energy and intensity frontiers.
Counting spanning trees of generalized n-edges Apollonian networks
Authors: Wang Gujun , Zhu Feng
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes a generalized form of Apollonian networks and derives their closed expression for the numbers of spanning trees. The n-edges Apollonian networks are transformed into n-order weighted wheels using the electrically equivalent transformations and weighted generating function rules. The numbers of spanning trees in the weighted fans are then calculated to obtain the counting formula of spanning trees in the weighted wheels, thereby deriving the exact expression for spanning trees of the generalized Apollonian networks.
Ab-initio probe into the elastic, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of CsSe binary compound
Authors: Sunmonu R. S. , Fadimu O. Y. , Sonde O. I.
Published: January 2023

First principles computational simulations were performed using Quantum ESPRESSO package within the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT) in order to analyze the structural, elastic and thermo-mechanical conditions of one of the Caesium monochalcogenides (CsSe) in a bid to fill some of the theoretical information gaps in this material. The obtained optimized lattice parameter of 7.432[Formula: see text]Å from well convergence tests agreed reasonably with results from other previous theoretical works. Three independent elastic constants ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and other mechanical indices for this cubic system were determined by fitting stress–stain relationship data via Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximation (VRHA) of Quantum ESPRESSO incorporated Thermo_pw code. CsSe is elastically and mechanically stable since the elastic constants fulfilled the Born–Huang cubic mechanical stability criteria of forms: [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The resistiveness of CsSe to recoverable deformation under applied force was studied via elastic moduli: bulk (B), Young (E) and shear (G) moduli. Pugh’s ratio ([Formula: see text]) [Formula: see text] depicted ductility and the positive value of Cauchy pressure: [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GPa further confirmed the ductile nature of this system. Poisson ratio, [Formula: see text], within the domain of 0.25 and 0.42, classified the compound as a metallic bonded specie. One of the three estimated sound velocity variants for the system best predicted the average Debye temperature. Some other important structural and thermo-mechanical-related parameters such as Zener anisotropy, elastic constants based Debye temperature, average speed of sound, Lame’s constants, Kleinmann parameters, hardness (micro and macro) and melting temperature were determined. The interdependencies of these obtained parameters were established and reported.
An Improved Low-Rank Matrix Fitting Method Based on Weighted L1,p Norm Minimization for Matrix Completion
Authors: Liu Qing , Jiang Qing , Zhang Jing , Jiang Bin , Liu Zhengyu
Published: January 2023

Low-rank matrix completion, which aims to recover a matrix with many missing values, has attracted much attention in many fields of computer science. A low-rank matrix fitting (LMaFit) method has been proposed for fast matrix completion recently. However, this method cannot converge accurately on matrices of real-world images. For improving the accuracy of LMaFit method, an improved low-rank matrix fitting (ILMF) method based on the weighted [Formula: see text] norm minimization is proposed in this paper, where the [Formula: see text] norm is the summation of the [Formula: see text]-power [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] norms of rows in a matrix. In the proposed method, i.e. the ILMF method, the incomplete matrix that may be corrupted by noises is decomposed into the summation of a low-rank matrix and a noise matrix at first. Then, a weighted [Formula: see text] norm minimization problem is solved by using an alternating direction method for improving the accuracy of matrix completion. Experimental results on real-world images show that the ILMF method has much better performances in terms of both the convergence accuracy and convergence speed than the compared methods.
FRACTIONAL ORDER GEMINIVIRUS IMPRESSION IN CAPSICUM ANNUUM MODEL WITH MITTAG-LEFFLER KERNAL
Authors: SAWANGTONG PANUMART , LOGESWARI K. , RAVICHANDRAN C. , NISAR KOTTAKKARAN SOOPPY , VIJAYARAJ V.
Published: January 2023

In the cultivation of Capsicum annuum (C. annuum), the major obstacles are triggered by the Yellow virus (Gemini virus). The virus is spread through insects, namely Bemisia tabaci (B. tabaci). To reduce the spreading of the virus in C. annuum, the entomopathogenic fungi (Verticillium lecanii) are used. We have analyzed the fractional-order model of chili plants with Atangana–Baleanu derivative (AB-derivative). Also, we calculate the numerical values to illustrate the results.
NEW NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR THE FRACTAL-FRACTIONAL MODEL OF DEATHLY LASSA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER DISEASE IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH OPTIMAL ANALYSIS
Authors: CHU YU-MING , RASHID SAIMA , SULTANA SOBIA , INC MUSTAFA
Published: January 2023

When it comes to human care service challenges, it is critical to understand the dynamic behavior of the associated contagious diseases because non-Markovian effects play a significant role in their spread. This investigation takes a look into an etiological model directly linked to the complexities of Lassa hemorrhagic fever disease in pregnant women in Africa. This is a bacteriostatic fever and an outbreak illness. The aforesaid ailment in expectant mothers has adverse implications that first popped up in Africa. The etiological model was constructed for the first time utilizing a recently designed fractal-fractional (FF) operator based on the power law, exponential decay, and Mittag-Leffler kernels with fractional order and fractal dimension. We construct three schemes of successive approximations based on FF operators using Lagrange polynomials, and the fundamental reproducing number is determined to be [Formula: see text]. The existence and uniqueness of the suggested model’s mathematical technique are examined. The endemic and disease-free equilibria are also calculated. Eventually, simulated results of the framework are performed using the suggested numerical approach, and the outcomes in graphical representations quantify the effects of the projected and integrated characteristics and demonstrate that the ailment can be considerably governed or exterminated if the outbreak propagation rate is lessened and the rate of intervention is improved.