bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agro-Morphological Evaluation of Lupinus mutabilis in Two Locations in Greece and Association with Insect Pollinators
Authors: Barda Myrto S. , Chatzigeorgiou Tilemachos , Papadopoulos George K. , Bebeli Penelope J.
Published: March 2021

Lupinus mutabilis Sweet is an Andean protein crop with agro-economic potential. However, it is characterized by low yields and phenotypic plasticity related to environmental conditions when cultivated in different locations in Europe. Current research objective was to evaluate L. mutabilis agro-morphological performance in two locations in Greece and to record its pollinators, since these can contribute to optimization of crop performance. For this purpose, eight Andean lupin accessions, one white and one blue lupin commercial varieties were evaluated for 71 agro-morphological traits in a Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. Combined Analysis over Location presented a significant accession-location interaction for traits of economic interest such as seed crude protein and 100 seed weight. Seed crude protein was higher in L. mutabilis accessions (up to 43.8 g 100 g−1 seed) than white and blue lupins. Andean lupin yielded up to 327 kg ha−1 (LIB214) in Kalamata, while its yield was lower than the white lupin in Athens. Using principal component analysis, three groups of accessions were formed, one by each lupin species and three within Andean lupin accessions. Floral traits such as color and size are related to pollinators diversity and preference. Insect pollinators and floral traits interplay among different lupin species was examined. Pollinators visited L. mutabilis flowers belong to the genera Anthophora, Bombus, Megachile and Xylocopa. The results of the present study, indicate that L.mutabilis has agronomic potential and enhances above ground biodiversity, however breeding for higher yields is required.
Soil Disinfestation Efficacy against Soil Fungal Pathogens in Strawberry Crops in Spain: An Overview
Authors: de los Santos Berta , Medina Juan Jesús , Miranda Luis , Gómez José Antonio , Talavera Miguel
Published: March 2021

(1) Background: Strawberry cultivation is highly dependent on soil disinfestation for proper development. Since the definitive methyl bromide phase-out, other chemicals have been used as alternatives. This research provides an overview on the efficacies of soil disinfestation methods on controlling soil fungal diseases of strawberry. (2) Methods: The efficacy of several soil disinfestation methods on soil fungal pathogens (SFP: Fusarium spp. and Macrophominaphaseolina) was analyzed in experimental field trials during eleven growing seasons. (3) Results: Average efficiencies in reducing soil pathogen inocula for soil disinfestation techniques are given. Soil disinfestations with chloropicrin, allyl isothiocyanate, dazomet, 1,3-dichloropropene:chloropicrin, methyl iodide:chloropicrin, and dimethyl disulfide reduced Fusarium spp. and M. phaseolina soil inocula by more than 90%. Combination of solarization with organic manures (biosolarization) reduced Fusarium spp. soil populations by 80% and M. phaseolina by 79%. Reductions in plant mortality and increases in fruit yields over the untreated controls did not differ between chemically fumigated and biosolarized plots. (4) Conclusions: Soil fungal pathogens are effectively controlled by chemical fumigation of soils in intensive strawberry crops in Spain. In the case of mixed infestations of SFP with nematodes, the most efficient treatment in suppressing soil-borne diseases was soil fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene:chloropicrin, but other alternative chemicals, such as allyl isothiocyanate, dazomet, and dimethyl disulfide, provided high efficacies in reducing the SFP inocula. Soil biosolarization is proposed as an effective alternative to chemical soil fumigation for strawberry cultivation in Southern Spain when SFP inocula is not remarkably high.
Sources of Nitrogen for Winter Triticale (Triticosecale Wittm. ex A.Camus) Succeeding Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Wysokinski Andrzej , Lozak Izabela , Kuziemska Beata
Published: March 2021

Atmospheric nitrogen biologically reduced in legumes root nodule and accumulated in their postharvest residues may be of great importance as a source of this macronutrient for succeeding crops. The aim of the study was to determine nitrogen uptake by winter triticale from pea postharvest residues, including N fixed from atmosphere, using in the study fertilizer enriched with the 15N isotope. Triticale was grown without nitrogen fertilization at sites where the forecrops had been two pea cultivars (multi-purpose and field pea) and, for comparison, spring barley. The triticale crop succeeding pea took up more nitrogen from the soil (59.1%) and less from the residues of the forecrop (41.1%). The corresponding values where the forecrop was barley were 92.1% and 7.9%. In the triticale, the percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere, introduced into the soil with pea crop residues amounted to 23.8%. The amounts of nitrogen derived from all sources in the entire biomass of triticale plants grown after harvesting of pea were similar for both pea cultivars. The cereal took up more nitrogen from all sources, when the soil on which the experiment was conducted had higher content of carbon and nitrogen and a greater amount of N was introduced with the pea residues. Nitrogen from pea residues had high availability for winter triticale as a succeeding crop cultivated on sandy soils.
The Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene on the Quality Parameters of Idared Apples after 8 Weeks of Storage Simulating Long-Distance Transportation
Authors: Tomala Kazimierz , Guzek Dominika , Głąbska Dominika , Małachowska Maria , Krupa Tomasz , Gutkowska Krystyna
Published: March 2021

1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), being applied in postharvest treatment of apples as an inhibitor of ethylene perception, contributes to improved quality of apples during 6 weeks of simulated long-distance transportation, but it was not studied if this period may be prolonged. The aim of the present study was to assess the possibility to apply 1-MCP treatment to maintain the quality of Idared apples for long-distance transportation prolonged for 8 weeks. The 1-MCP treatment was applied either alone, or combined with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in selected gas permeability bags and was compared with control group. Postharvest, the storage in Ultra Low Oxygen (ULO) chamber was applied (3 periods: 0, 10, or 20 weeks), followed by simulated long distance transportation (storage duration of 8 weeks) and simulated distribution (4 periods: 0, 5, 10, or 15 days). Each studied group (36 groups: 3 postharvest treatments × 3 storage periods × 4 distribution periods) constituted 4 batches with 10 random apples each. After simulated distribution period, each sample was analyzed to assess the differences of firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). The applied treatment influenced observed values of firmness, TSS and TA within each applied storage duration and duration of distribution (p < 0.05). For the majority of the studied durations of storage and distribution, the highest values of firmness, TSS and TA were observed for the samples from the group of 1-MCP applied combined with MAP, while only for some of them, the highest values of firmness and TA, but not TSS, were observed for the samples from the group of 1-MCP applied alone. It may be concluded that applying 1-MCP in the case of Idared apples for long-distance transportation allows prolonging it to 8 weeks without decreasing quality of fruits. Applying 1-MCP combined with MAP allows obtaining even better results than 1-MCP alone, after 8 weeks of transportation. It may be recommended to apply 1-MCP combined with MAP in order to slow the ripening process and to maintain the quality of apples during a long-distance transportation.
Design and Analysis of Photovoltaic Powered Battery-Operated Computer Vision-Based Multi-Purpose Smart Farming Robot
Authors: Chand Aneesh A. , Prasad Kushal A. , Mar Ellen , Dakai Sanaila , Mamun Kabir A. , Islam F. R. , Mehta Utkal , Kumar Nallapaneni Manoj
Published: March 2021

Farm machinery like water sprinklers (WS) and pesticide sprayers (PS) are becoming quite popular in the agricultural sector. The WS and PS are two distinct types of machinery, mostly powered using conventional energy sources. In recent times, the battery and solar-powered WS and PS have also emerged. With the current WS and PS, the main drawback is the lack of intelligence on water and pesticide use decisions and autonomous control. This paper proposes a novel multi-purpose smart farming robot (MpSFR) that handles both water sprinkling and pesticide spraying. The MpSFR is a photovoltaic (PV) powered battery-operated internet of things (IoT) and computer vision (CV) based robot that helps in automating the watering and spraying process. Firstly, the PV-powered battery-operated autonomous MpSFR equipped with a storage tank for water and pesticide drove with a programmed pumping device is engineered. The sprinkling and spraying mechanisms are made fully automatic with a programmed pattern that utilizes IoT sensors and CV to continuously monitor the soil moisture and the plant’s health based on pests. Two servo motors accomplish the horizontal and vertical orientation of the spraying nozzle. We provided an option to remotely switch the sprayer to spray either water or pesticide using an infrared device, i.e., within a 5-m range. Secondly, the operation of the developed MpSFR is experimentally verified in the test farm. The field test’s observed results include the solar power profile, battery charging, and discharging conditions. The results show that the MpSFR operates effectively, and decisions on water use and pesticide are automated.
Glyphosate Resistance Confirmation and Field Management of Red Brome (Bromus rubens L.) in Perennial Crops Grown in Southern Spain
Authors: Vázquez-García José G. , Castro Patricia , Cruz-Hipólito Hugo E. , Millan Teresa , Palma-Bautista Candelario , De Prado Rafael
Published: March 2021

The excessive use of the herbicide glyphosate on annual and perennial crops grown in Southern Spain has caused an increase in resistant weed populations. Bromus rubens has begun to spread through olive and almond cultivars due to low glyphosate control over these species, whereas previously it had been well controlled with field dose (1080 g ae ha−1). Characterization using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers confirmed the presence of B. rubens collected in Andalusia. A rapid shikimic acid accumulation screening showed 17 resistant (R) populations with values between 300 and 700 µg shikimate g−1 fresh weight and three susceptible (S) populations with values between 1200 and 1700 µg shikimate g−1 fresh weight. In dose–response experiments the GR50 values agreed with previous results and the resistance factors (RFs: GR50 R/GR50 S (Br1)) were between 4.35 (Br9) and 7.61 (Br19). Foliar retention assays shown no differences in glyphosate retention in both R and S populations. The tests carried out in a resistant field (Br10) demonstrated the control efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides since flazasulfuron in the tank mix with glyphosate had up to 80% control 15 to 120 days after application (DAA) and grass weed postemergence herbicides, such as propaquizafop + glyphosate and quizalofop + glyphosate, had up to 90% control 15 to 90 DAA. Results confirm the first scientific report of glyphosate-resistant B. rubens worldwide; however, the use of herbicides with another mode of action (MOA) is the best tool for integrated weed management.
Autonomous Mowing and Complete Floor Cover for Weed Control in Vineyards
Authors: Sportelli Mino , Frasconi Christian , Fontanelli Marco , Pirchio Michel , Raffaelli Michele , Magni Simone , Caturegli Lisa , Volterrani Marco , Mainardi Marco , Peruzzi Andrea
Published: March 2021

Enhancing vineyards sustainability and reducing herbicides usage is a crucial theme, thus alternative weed management methods are starting to be studied. Cover crops have been shown to provide for several environmental services such as performing an efficient weed control and promoting biodiversity, thus improving the sustainability of the overall management system. However, the use of cover crops is usually confined to the interrow area in order to avoid competition with vines. Under-trellis weed management in vineyards is an important challenge, conventionally fulfilled by cultivation or repeated herbicides applications. Autonomous mowers are small autonomous machines that have shown a great efficiency when employed in agricultural contexts. Due to their reduced size, they can easily prevent the excessive vertical growth of weeds both in the interrows and under trellis without the use of chemical applications. The aim of this trial was to evaluate if the combination of cover crop species and autonomous mowers management could improve vineyard sustainability. Vineyard floor cover that was managed with an autonomous mower had a shorter canopy height and a lower weed dry biomass compared to the conventionally managed vineyard floor cover. Vineyard floor management providing cover crops and autonomous mowing had a significantly lower weed cover percentage compared to conventional floor management, especially under-trellis. The results of this trial suggest that the combination of cover crops and autonomous mowers may be a sustainable and reliable technique to include in vineyards floor management.
The Effect of Polyethylene Film and Polypropylene Non-Woven Fabric Cover on Cobs Parameters and Nutritional Value of Two Sweet Maize (Zea mays L. var. saccharata Bailey) Hybrids
Authors: Adamczewska-Sowińska Katarzyna , Sowiński Józef , Anioł Mirosław , Ochodzki Piotr , Warzecha Roman
Published: March 2021

In 2012–2014, at the Research and Didactic Station of the Department of Horticulture at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences (51°19′06″ N, 17°03′49″ E), field studies were conducted to evaluate the responses of two sweet maize hybrids to sowing dates (early and optimum) and five methods of maize plant coverings—polyethylene film: perforated (PE), red (PER), green (PEG), polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP), and control (C), with non-irrigation systems. Total yield and morphological characteristics of cobs were compared. In 2012 soluble sugars and carotenoids content were measured. The use of maize cover at the beginning of growth (PE and PER) significantly influenced the number of rows, while PE and PEG increased the number of grains per cob. Covering maize sown at a later date, with polyethylene film and non-woven fabric, ensured better production effects than using such covers after earlier sowing. Signet F1 hybrid was charact0erized by significantly higher sugar content and Rustler F1 by higher lutein and zeaxanthin levels. The application of the optimum sowing date resulted in a significantly higher yield of cobs, by 11.3%, than after early sowing. The yield increase as a result of the applied covers was higher after sowing at a later date. The content of dry matter in grains was positively correlated with the content of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. The change in carotenoids content also depended on the accumulation of dry matter in the kernels. The study confirmed the correlation of sweet maize accumulated growing degree days (AGDD), and revealed dependence of grain quality on dry matter content in the grain.
Antagonistic Activity of Bacteria Isolated from the Periplaneta americana L. Gut against Some Multidrug-Resistant Human Pathogens
Authors: Amer Asmaa , Hamdy Basma , Mahmoud Dalia , Elanany Mervat , Rady Magda , Alahmadi Tahani , Alharbi Sulaiman , AlAshaal Sara
Published: March 2021

The insect gut is home to a wide range of microorganisms, including several bacterial species. Such bacterial symbionts provide various benefits to their insect hosts. One of such services is providing metabolites that resist infections. Little data are available about gut-inhabiting bacteria for several insect groups. Through the present work, the gut bacteria associated with the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.) were isolated, identified, and studied for their potential antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) human pathogens. The cockroaches were collected from three different environmental sites. Gut bacteria were isolated, and sixteen species of bacteria were identified using Vitek MALDI-TOF MS. The antagonistic activity of the identified bacteria was tested against a panel of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi, namely: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (clinical isolate), Streptococcus mutans Clarke (RCMB 017(1) ATCC ® 25175™) (Gram-positive bacteria), Enterobacter cloacae (RCMB 001(1) ATCC® 23355™) and Salmonella enterica (ATCC® 25566™) (Gram-negative bacteria). The isolates were also tested against human pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans (RCMB005003(1) ATCC® 10231™), Aspergillus niger (RCMB002005), Aspergillus fumigatus (RCMB002008), Aspergillus flavus (RCMB002002), and Penicillium italicum (RCMB 001018(1) IMI193019). The results indicated that some bacterial species from the cockroach gut could antagonize the growth activity of all the tested pathogens. Such antimicrobial properties could ultimately lead to the future development of therapeutic drugs. The evaluation and mode of action of antagonistic gut bacteria against the most affected MDR pathogens were demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Virulence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Microsporum canis Strains from Animals and Humans
Authors: Aneke Chioma Inyang , Rhimi Wafa , Hubka Vit , Otranto Domenico , Cafarchia Claudia
Published: March 2021

The enzymatic and antifungal profiles of dermatophytes play an important role in causing infections in humans and animals. This study aimed to assess the virulence factors produced by Microsporum canis strains, in vitro antifungal profile and the relationship between virulence, antifungal profile and occurrence of lesions in animals and humans. A total of 100 M. canis strains from humans with tinea corporis (n = 10) and from animals presenting (n = 64) or not (n = 26) skin lesions was employed to evaluate phospholipase (Pz), hemolytic (Hz), lipase (Lz), catalase (Ca), and thermotolerance (GI) activities. In addition, in vitro antifungal profile was conducted using the CLSI broth microdilution method. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in Lz and Ca values was revealed among strains from hosts with and without lesions. Voriconazole, terbinafine, and posaconazole were the most active drugs followed by ketoconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and fluconazole in decreasing activity order. The significant positive correlation between azole susceptibility profile of M. canis and virulence factors (i.e., hemolysin and catalase) suggest that both enzyme patterns and antifungal susceptibility play a role in the appearance of skin lesions in animals and humans.
Cross-Contamination versus Outbreak: Pre-XDR Mycobacterial Strains Confirmed by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Oh Jee Youn , Park Kyung Ho , Lee Jisoon , Kim Donghyeok , Seok Kwang Hyuk , Oh In-Hwan , Lee Seung Heon
Published: March 2021

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is promising for the quality control of laboratory facilities for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains. We describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of false positive versus true positive MTB cultures based on WGS, which were experienced in a real clinical setting. Strain harvest and DNA extraction from seven isolates from pre-extensive drug-resistant (pre-XDR) TB patients transferred to the Korea University Ansan Hospital were performed, and epidemiologic links and clinical information, including the phenotypic drug susceptibility test (pDST), were investigated. WGS was performed using Ion GeneStudio with an ION530tm chip (average sequencing depth, ~100-fold). In the phylogenetic tree, identical and different strains were distributed separately. Five of the seven isolates were identical; the remaining two isolates differed from the others. The images of the referred pre-XDR-TB patients with false positive MTB that were analyzed were of regions close to old TB scars. Further, the results of WGS gene mutation analysis for ethambutol, streptomycin, and fluoroquinolone resistance in all six patients were not concordant with the pDST results. WGS and clinical information were useful in differentiating laboratory cross-contamination from true positive TB, thereby avoiding the unnecessary treatment of false positive patients and delay in treating true positive TB patients, with reliable genotypic drug resistance results.
Pitfalls in the Immunochemical Determination of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Water
Authors: Ecke Alexander , Schneider Rudolf J.
Published: March 2021

Contamination of waters with pharmaceuticals is an alarming problem as it may support the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, fast and cost-effective analytical methods for potential on-site analysis are desired in order to control the water quality and assure the safety of its use as a source of drinking water. Antibody-based methods, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), can be helpful in this regard but can also have certain pitfalls in store, depending on the analyte. As shown here for the class of β-lactam antibiotics, hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring is a key factor in the immunochemical analysis as it influences antibody recognition. With the antibody used in this study, the limit of detection (LOD) in the immunoassay could be significantly reduced by hydrolysis for the five tested penicillins, with the lowest LOD for carbenicillin (0.2 nmol/L) and the greatest impact on penicillins G and V (reduction by 85%). In addition to enhanced quantification, our strategy also provides access to information about the degree of hydrolysis in water samples as shown for the most abundant penicillin amoxicillin.
CYP7A1, NPC1L1, ABCB1, and CD36 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Increased Serum Coenzyme Q10 after Long-Term Supplementation in Women
Authors: Takahashi Michiyo , Nagata Mayumi , Kinoshita Tetsu , Kaneko Takehiko , Suzuki Toshikazu
Published: March 2021

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an essential component for energy production that exhibits antioxidant activity, is considered a health-supporting and antiaging supplement. However, intervention-controlled studies have provided variable results on CoQ10 supplementation benefits, which may be attributed to individual CoQ10 bioavailability differences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and CoQ10 serum levels after long-term supplementation. CoQ10 levels at baseline and after one year of supplementation (150 mg) were determined, and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cholesterol metabolism and CoQ10 absorption, efflux, and cellular uptake related genes were assessed. Rs2032582 (ABCB1) and rs1761667 (CD36) were significantly associated with a higher increase in CoQ10 levels in women. In addition, in women, rs3808607 (CYP7A1) and rs2072183 (NPC1L1) were significantly associated with a higher increase in CoQ10 per total cholesterol levels. Subgroup analyses showed that these four SNPs were useful for classifying high- or low-responder to CoQ10 bioavailability after long-term supplementation among women, but not in men. On the other hand, in men, no SNP was found to be significantly associated with increased serum CoQ10. These results collectively provide novel evidence on the relationship between genetics and CoQ10 bioavailability after long-term supplementation, which may help understand and assess CoQ10 supplementation effects, at least in women.
8-Week Supplementation of 2S-Hesperidin Modulates Antioxidant and Inflammatory Status after Exercise until Exhaustion in Amateur Cyclists
Authors: Martínez-Noguera Francisco Javier , Marín-Pagán Cristian , Carlos-Vivas Jorge , Alcaraz Pedro E.
Published: March 2021

Both acute and chronic ingestion of 2S-hesperidin have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animal studies, but so far, no one has studied this effect of chronic ingestion in humans. The main objective was to evaluate whether an 8-week intake of 2S-hesperidin had the ability to modulate antioxidant-oxidant and inflammatory status in amateur cyclists. A parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study was carried out with two groups (500 mg/d 2S-hesperidin; n = 20 and 500 mg/d placebo; n = 20). An incremental test was performed to determine the working zones in a rectangular test, which was used to analyze for changes in antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers. After 2S-hesperidin ingestion, we found in the rectangular test: (1) an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) after the exercise phase until exhaustion (p = 0.045) and the acute recovery phase (p = 0.004), (2) a decrease in the area under the oxidized glutathione curve (GSSG) (p = 0.016), and (3) a decrease in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) after the acute recovery phase (p = 0.004), post-intervention. Chronic 2S-hesperidin supplementation increased endogenous antioxidant capacity (↑SOD) after maximal effort and decreased oxidative stress (↓AUC-GSSG) during the rectangular test, decreasing inflammation (↓MCP1) after the acute recovery phase.
CUPRAC-Reactive Advanced Glycation End Products as Prognostic Markers of Human Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bayarsaikhan Govigerel , Bayarsaikhan Delger , Oh Pyung Chun , Kang Woong Chol , Lee Bonghee
Published: March 2021

Cardiovascular disorders, especially acute coronary syndromes, are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with cardiovascular disease and serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction. In this study, we investigated the utility of AGEs as prognostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We measured AGEs in serum samples of AMI patients (N = 27) using the cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method on days 0, 2, 14, 30, and 90 after AMI, and the correlation of serum AGE concentration and post-AMI duration was determined using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Compared to total serum protein, the level of CUPRAC reactive AGEs was increased from 0.9 to 2.1 times between 0–90 days after AMI incident. Furthermore, the glycation pattern and Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed four dominant patterns of AGE concentration changes in AMI patients: stable AGE levels (straight line with no peak), continuous increase, single peak pattern, and multimodal pattern (two or more peaks). In conclusion, CUPRAC-reactive AGEs can be developed as a potential prognostic biomarker for AMI through long-term clinical studies.
New Insights into the Metabolism of the Flavanones Eriocitrin and Hesperidin: A Comparative Human Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Ávila-Gálvez María Ángeles , Giménez-Bastida Juan Antonio , González-Sarrías Antonio , Espín Juan Carlos
Published: March 2021

The intake of hesperidin-rich sources, mostly found in orange juice, can decrease cardiometabolic risk, potentially linked to the gut microbial phase-II hesperetin derivatives. However, the low hesperidin solubility hampers its bioavailability and microbial metabolism, yielding a high inter-individual variability (high vs. low-producers) that prevents consistent health-related evidence. Contrarily, the human metabolism of (lemon) eriocitrin is hardly known. We hypothesize that the higher solubility of (lemon) eriocitrin vs. (orange) hesperidin might yield more bioavailable metabolites than hesperidin. A randomized-crossover human pharmacokinetic study (n = 16) compared the bioavailability and metabolism of flavanones from lemon and orange extracts and postprandial changes in oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic markers after a high-fat-high-sugars meal. A total of 17 phase-II flavanone-derived metabolites were identified. No significant biomarker changes were observed. Plasma and urinary concentrations of all metabolites, including hesperetin metabolites, were higher after lemon extract intake. Total plasma metabolites showed significantly mean lower Tmax (6.0 ± 0.4 vs. 8.0 ± 0.5 h) and higher Cmax and AUC values after lemon extract intake. We provide new insights on hesperetin-eriodictyol interconversion and naringenin formation from hesperidin in humans. Our results suggest that regular consumption of a soluble and eco-friendly eriocitrin-rich lemon extract could provide a circulating concentration metabolites threshold to exert health benefits, even in the so-called low-producers.
Experimental Analysis of Friend-And-Native Based Location Awareness for Accurate Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Yi Aaron Ling Chi , Kang Dae-Ki
Published: March 2021

Location-based recommender systems have gained a lot of attention in both commercial domains and research communities where there are various approaches that have shown great potential for further studies. However, there has been little attention in previous research on location-based recommender systems for generating recommendations considering the locations of target users. Such recommender systems sometimes recommend places that are far from the target user’s current location. In this paper, we explore the issues of generating location recommendations for users who are traveling overseas by taking into account the user’s social influence and also the native or local expert’s knowledge. Accordingly, we have proposed a collaborative filtering recommendation framework called the Friend-And-Native-Aware Approach for Collaborative Filtering (FANA-CF), to generate reasonable location recommendations for users. We have validated our approach by systematic and extensive experiments using real-world datasets collected from Foursquare TM. By comparing algorithms such as the collaborative filtering approach (item-based collaborative filtering and user-based collaborative filtering) and the personalized mean approach, we have shown that our proposed approach has slightly outperformed the conventional collaborative filtering approach and personalized mean approach.
Evaluation of Cost-Effective Modified Binder Thin Chip and Cape Seal Surfacings on an Anionic Nano-Modified Emulsion (NME)-Stabilised Base Layer Using Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT)
Authors: Jordaan Gerrit J. , Steyn Wynand J. vd M. , Broekman Andre
Published: March 2021

Emulsion stabilisation of base layers surfaced with chip seals often proves problematic, with chips punching into the base and early distress. This can be aggravated by the use of modified binders that restricts the evaporation of moisture from pavement layers. The introduction of new-age (nano)-modified emulsion (NME) stabilisation has the advantage that water is chemically repelled from the stabilised layer, resulting in an accelerated development of strength. A need was identified to evaluate the early-life performance of selected chip and Cape seals, together with identified modified binders on anionic NME-stabilised base layers constructed with materials traditionally classified as unsuitable, using archaic empirically derived tests. Three different chip seal surfacings with unconventional modified binders were constructed and evaluated using accelerated pavement testing (APT) with the Model Mobile Load Simulator—3rd model (MMLS3). The objectives of the experimental design and testing were to evaluate the binder performance, chip seal performance in terms of early loss of chips before chip orientation, punching of the chips into the anionic NME-stabilised base and deformation characteristics of a Cape seal that was hand-laid using an anionic NME slurry without any cement filler. It was shown that that chip seal surfacings can be used at low risk, on a base layer containing materials with fines exceeding 22%. The selection of specific modified binders can reduce risks associated with chip seal surfacings, which can impact construction limitations. The recommended use of elastomer-modified binders on newly constructed or rehabilitated layers, resulting in moisture entrapment, needs to be reconsidered.
Analysis of Tongue Function from the Orthodontist’s Point of View: Not Only a Matter of Deglutition
Authors: Deregibus Andrea , Parrini Simone , Domini Maria Chiara , Colombini Jacopo , Castroflorio Tommaso
Published: March 2021

Many studies report that maxillofacial growth is influenced by genetic and environmental elements and that incorrect breathing, chewing, sucking, and swallowing are promoting factors of malocclusion. This study aims to evaluate the function and the influence of the tongue positions in patients with Angle class III malocclusion, maxillary hypoplasia, and posterior crossbite. One hundred patients, aged between 6 and 12 years old, were enrolled for the study. In the first group, patients with a diagnosis of class III malocclusion, affected by maxillary hypoplasia, skeletal class III, and posterior dental crossbite were recruited. In the control group, not treated patients with no malocclusion, skeletal class I, and without posterior dental crossbite were selected. Regarding atypical deglutition, no statistical differences were reported between the two groups, and 14% of patients reported ankyloglossia. Statistical differences were found in tongue rest position and during the execution of “hold and pull” and “chuck” exercises. Results obtained in this observational study showed that the clinician (orthodontist or general dentist) should analyze the presence/absence of atypical swallowing, the anatomical and functional aspects, and the tongue behavior in the rest position.
Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids: A Review on Prediction Models, Controversies and Challenges
Authors: Gonçalves Inês , Souza Reinaldo , Coutinho Gonçalo , Miranda João , Moita Ana , Pereira José Eduardo , Moreira António , Lima Rui
Published: March 2021

In recent years, the nanofluids (NFs) have become the main candidates for improving or even replacing traditional heat transfer fluids. The possibility of NFs to be used in various technological applications, from renewable energies to nanomedicine, has made NFs and their thermal conductivity one of the most studied topics nowadays. Hence, this review presents an overview of the most important advances and controversial results related to the NFs thermal conductivity. The different techniques used to measure the thermal conductivity of NFs are discussed. Moreover, the fundamental parameters that affect the NFs thermal conductivity are analyzed, and possible improvements are addressed, such as the increase of long-term stability of the nanoparticles (NPs).The most representative prediction classical models based on fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and experimental fittings are presented. Also, the recent statistical machine learning-based prediction models are comprehensively addressed, and the comparison with the classical empirical ones is made, whenever possible.
Advanced First-Principle Modeling of Relativistic Ruddlesden—Popper Strontium Iridates
Authors: Liu Peitao , Franchini Cesare
Published: March 2021

In this review, we provide a survey of the application of advanced first-principle methods on the theoretical modeling and understanding of novel electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of the spin-orbit coupled Ruddlesden–Popper series of iridates Srn+1IrnO3n+1 (n = 1, 2, and ∞). After a brief description of the basic aspects of the adopted methods (noncollinear local spin density approximation plus an on-site Coulomb interaction (LSDA+U), constrained random phase approximation (cRPA), GW, and Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE)), we present and discuss select results. We show that a detailed phase diagrams of the metal–insulator transition and magnetic phase transition can be constructed by inspecting the evolution of electronic and magnetic properties as a function of Hubbard U, spin–orbit coupling (SOC) strength, and dimensionality n, which provide clear evidence for the crucial role played by SOC and U in establishing a relativistic (Dirac) Mott–Hubbard insulating state in Sr2IrO4 and Sr3Ir2O7. To characterize the ground-state phases, we quantify the most relevant energy scales fully ab initio—crystal field energy, Hubbard U, and SOC constant of three compounds—and discuss the quasiparticle band structures in detail by comparing GW and LSDA+U data. We examine the different magnetic ground states of structurally similar n = 1 and n = 2 compounds and clarify that the origin of the in-plane canted antiferromagnetic (AFM) state of Sr2IrO4 arises from competition between isotropic exchange and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interactions whereas the collinear AFM state of Sr3Ir2O7 is due to strong interlayer magnetic coupling. Finally, we report the dimensionality controlled metal–insulator transition across the series by computing their optical transitions and conductivity spectra at the GW+BSE level from the the quasi two-dimensional insulating n = 1 and 2 phases to the three-dimensional metallic n=∞ phase.
A 0.3 V, Rail-to-Rail, Ultralow-Power, Non-Tailed, Body-Driven, Sub-Threshold Amplifier
Authors: Centurelli Francesco , Della Sala Riccardo , Scotti Giuseppe , Trifiletti Alessandro
Published: March 2021

A novel, inverter-based, fully differential, body-driven, rail-to-rail, input stage topology is proposed in this paper. The input stage exploits a replica bias control loop to set the common mode current and a common mode feed-forward strategy to set its output common mode voltage. This novel cell is used to build an ultralow voltage (ULV), ultralow-power (ULP), two-stage, unbuffered operational amplifier. A dual path compensation strategy is exploited to improve the frequency response of the circuit. The amplifier has been designed in a commercial 130 nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics and is able to operate with a nominal supply voltage of 0.3 V and a power consumption as low as 11.4 nW, while showing about 65 dB gain, a gain bandwidth product around 3.6 kHz with a 50 pF load capacitance and a common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) in excess of 60 dB. Transistor-level simulations show that the proposed circuit outperforms most of the state of the art amplifiers in terms of the main figures of merit. The results of extensive parametric and Monte Carlo simulations have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed circuit to PVT and mismatch variations.
An Information Recommendation Technique Based on Influence and Activeness of Users in Social Networks
Authors: Lee Minsoo , Oh Soyeon
Published: March 2021

Over the past few years, the number of users of social network services has been exponentially increasing and it is now a natural source of data that can be used by recommendation systems to provide important services to humans by analyzing applicable data and providing personalized information to users. In this paper, we propose an information recommendation technique that enables smart recommendations based on two specific types of analysis on user behaviors, such as the user influence and user activity. The components to measure the user influence and user activity are identified. The accuracy of the information recommendation is verified using Yelp data and shows significantly promising results that could create smarter information recommendation systems.
Special Issue on Advanced Theoretical and Computational Methods for Complex Materials and Structures
Authors: Tornabene Francesco , Dimitri Rossana
Published: March 2021

The large use of composite materials and shell structural members with complex geometries in technologies related to various branches of engineering, has gained increased attention from scientists and engineers for the development of even more refined approaches, to investigate their mechanical behavior [...]
Effects of Benzo[a]pyrene, Cortisol, and 17ß-Estradiol on Liver Microsomal EROD Activity of Anguilla anguilla: An In Vitro Approach
Authors: Ferreira C.S.S. , Oliveira Miguel , Santos Maria Ana , Pacheco Mário
Published: March 2021

Fish liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity is widely used as biomarker of exposure to chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is known that endocrine system plays a major role in fish stress mechanism. Despite the considerable scientific information about steroid hormone’s response, namely cortisol and 17ß-estradiol (E2), to stress situations, little is known about the influence of these hormones on enzymes involved on the biotransformation process. Thus, this study aimed to assess the in vitro effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (0.1, 0.3, 0.9, and 2.7 µM) and of two steroid hormones (cortisol and 17ß-estradiol) in a physiologically relevant concentration (5.997 ng/mL), alone or in combination, on Anguilla anguilla liver microsomal EROD activity, previously induced by 4 mg/kg β-naphthoflavone intraperitoneal injection. Hepatic microsomes in vitro exposure to the tested B[a]P concentrations induced a dose response inhibition of EROD activity, whereas exposure to cortisol significantly induced the activity of this enzyme. The steroid hormones were able to decrease the inhibitory effects of B[a]P on microsomal EROD activity, thus revealing a protective effect of these hormones over enzyme activity inhibited by contaminants.
A Very Short-Term Probabilistic Prediction Interval Forecaster for Reducing Load Uncertainty Level in Smart Grids
Authors: Rodríguez Fermín , Bazmohammadi Najmeh , Guerrero Josep M. , Galarza Ainhoa
Published: March 2021

Very short-term load demand forecasters are essential for power systems’ decision makers in real-time dispatching. These tools allow traditional network operators to maintain power systems’ safety and stability and provide customers energy with high reliability. Although research has traditionally focused on developing point forecasters, these tools do not provide complete information because they do not estimate the deviation between actual and predicted values. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop a very short-term probabilistic prediction interval forecaster to reduce decision makers’ uncertainty by computing the predicted value’s upper and lower bounds. The proposed forecaster combines an artificial intelligence-based point forecaster with a probabilistic prediction interval algorithm. First, the point forecaster predicts energy demand in the next 15 min and then the prediction interval algorithm calculates the upper and lower bounds with the user’s chosen confidence level. To examine the reliability of proposed forecaster model and resulting interval sharpness, different error metrics, such as prediction interval coverage percentage and a skill score, are computed for 95, 90, and 85% confidence intervals. Results show that the prediction interval coverage percentage is higher than the confidence level in each analysis, which means that the proposed model is valid for practical applications.
Multidimensional Analytical Characterization of Water-Soluble Organic Aerosols: Challenges and New Perspectives
Authors: Duarte Regina M. B. O. , Matos João T. V. , Duarte Armando C.
Published: March 2021

Water-soluble organic aerosols (OA) are an important component of air particles and one of the key drivers that impact both climate and human health. Understanding the processes involving water-soluble OA depends on how well the chemical composition of this aerosol component is decoded. Yet, obtaining detailed information faces several challenges, including water-soluble OA collection, extraction, and chemical complexity. This review highlights the multidimensional non-targeted analytical strategies that have been developed and employed for providing new insights into the structural and molecular features of water-soluble organic components present in air particles. First, the most prominent high-resolution mass spectrometric methods for near real-time measurements of water-soluble OA and their limitations are discussed. Afterward, a special emphasis is given to the degree of compositional information provided by offline multidimensional analytical techniques, namely excitation–emission (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and their hyphenation with chromatographic systems. The major challenges ahead on the application of these multidimensional analytical strategies for OA research are also addressed so that they can be used advantageously in future studies.
Using Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Apparatus to Investigate the Temperature Dependent Dielectric Properties of Water, Ice, and Tissue-Representative Fats
Authors: Vilagosh Zoltan , Lajevardipour Alireza , Appadoo Dominique , Juodkazis Saulius , Wood Andrew W.
Published: March 2021

A novel method of investigating the temperature dependent variation of aspects of the complex refractive index n* in samples in the THz range using continuous, non-polarised, synchrotron radiation is presented. The method relies on the use of ATR apparatus, and retains the advantage of minimal sample preparation, which is a feature of ATR techniques. The method demonstrates a “proof of concept” of monitoring temperature reflectance whilst continuously heating or cooling samples by using a temperature variable Thermal Sample Stage. The method remains useful when the refractive index of the sample precludes attenuated total reflection study. This is demonstrated with the water reflectance experiments. The temperature dependent ATR reflectance of tissue-representative fats (lard and Lurpak® butter) was investigated with the novel approach. Both are within the ATR range of the diamond crystal in a “true” ATR mode. Lard showed no clear temperature variation between −15 °C and 24 °C at 0.7 to 1.15 THz or 1.70 to 2.25 THz. Lard can be regarded as having invariable, constant, dielectric properties within mixtures when biological substances are being assessed for temperature dependent dielectric variation within the stated THz ranges. Lurpak® butter (water content 14.7%) displayed temperature dependent reflected signal intensity features with a steady decline in reflectivity with increasing temperature. This is in line with the temperature-dependent behaviour of liquid water. There is no rapid change in reflected signal intensity even at −20 °C, suggesting that emulsified water retains liquid-water-like THz properties at freezing temperatures.