bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polarization-stable single-mode 795 nm grating-coupled surface-emitting laser for quantum sensing
Authors: Qiu Pingping , Zhou Hengjie , Wang Tongxin , Wang Qiuhua , Zhang RuIkang , Kan Qiang
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate a polarization-stable and single-mode grating-coupled surface-emitting laser (GCSEL) with high side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of ∼40 dB and orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR) of ∼25 dB around 795 nm. The fabricated devices have low threshold current of ∼4.8 mA and low electrical resistance of 53 Ω at 25 °C. Meanwhile, a low thermal resistance of ∼1 K/mW is achieved, which is comparable with that of the record of ever reported for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The far-field divergence angle of surface-emitting beam is ∼14.5°x14.7° at an injection current of 12 mA indicating a relatively good beam quality. Our results open what we believe is a new way to produce polarization-stable single-mode surface-emitting lasers with simple fabrication process. While the GCSEL is specifically designed for quantum sensing applications such as atomic clocks, magnetometers, and gyroscope, its performance in terms of low-power consumption, low thermal resistance, good beam qualities, and wafer-level testing are of particular interest for a wide range of applications.
Investigation of dynamic wind speed impacts on radiative transmittance and reflectance in the ocean-sea fog system
Authors: Peng Yuan , Liu Ji , Yuan Tao , Wu Jinhui
Published: November 2023

Frequent fog and dynamic wind speeds in the ocean significantly impact the radiation transmittance and reflectance on the sea surface, substantially challenging remote sensing and target detection in marine environments. Establishing a model to study the radiative transfer more accurately in ocean-sea fog systems under dynamic wind speed conditions is crucial. Here, a multichannel Monte Carlo (Mc-MC) model is introduced to investigate radiative transfer in ocean-fog systems, which is more realistic and has greater potential than the traditional MC (Tra-MC) approach. Addressing the challenges of dynamic wind speed, this paper introduces two specialized dynamic wind speed models. One prioritized the accurate simulation of changing sea surface wind speeds, and we investigated the transmittance and reflectance of six regions in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans under this model. The other is proposed for investigating the effect of dynamic wind speed on radiative transfer. The experimental results indicate that an increase in the wind speed dynamic factor accelerates the rate of wind speed changes, thereby intensifying the instability of the radiative transfer transmittance and reflectance. In addition, the light around both the 1 µm and 2 µm wavelengths exhibit high transmittance, but the light surrounding 1 µm has relatively weaker stability compared to that surrounding 2 µm. These investigations provide valuable insights for infrared remote sensing, target detection, and the development of light sources suitable for marine applications.
Nano-displacement sensing by phase-diversity optical digital coherent detection utilizing alternating quadrature phase-modulated reference light
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Kondo Mitsuki , Ito Ayumi , Hanawa Masanori
Published: November 2023

We have introduced a nanometer-scale non-contact displacement sensing method that relies on phase-diversity optical digital coherent detection. In our prior work, we used a conventional setup involving a 90°optical hybrid, two balanced amplified photodetectors (BAPs), and a narrow-linewidth (NLW) laser, which is complex and costly. However, in this paper, we have streamlined the system configuration by employing alternating quadrature phase modulation (AQPM) reference light, implemented using a phase modulator and a BAP. Moreover, we’ve employed an economical distributed feedback (DFB) laser, enabling us to achieve displacement sensing at 1.6 nm with a resolution of 0.6 nm. It is notable that there is some degradation in the performance due to the phase noise compared to the NLW laser, which achieves a displacement sensing down to 0.6 nm with a 0.2 nm resolution. Nevertheless, the DFB-AQPM system holds a significant potential for cost-effective, high-resolution nanometer-scale sensing applications.
Research on cultural and creative design method of 2022 World Cup lamps based on AHP-FCE
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen HongZhu , Hamat Basyarah , Zhao YanXiao
Published: November 2023

Aims

Through an in-depth study of Qatari culture, to explore the application of the essence of the unique national culture to World Cup creative design, and to provide new ideas and reference design framework and ideas for the integration of culture and World Cup creative design.

Method

Carry out design practice with Qatari culture, and discuss in detail the specific strategy of integrating national culture into the cultural and creative design of the World Cup. First, conduct user interviews based on grounded theory to collect and evaluate demand indicators and establish a hierarchical model, and then use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyze user needs, construct design elements for the World Cup cultural and creative design, and calculate the weight of each design element to determine the design Ordering among elements. Finally, the optimal scheme is selected by scoring the scheme through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE), so as to determine the final design scheme of the product.

Conclusion

The article explores the specific practice method of integrating culture and design, and provides a solution reference for how to integrate excellent national culture into the World Cup cultural and creative design, which not only improves the cultural and spiritual connotation of the product, but also effectively realises the heritage and innovation of culture.
Transcriptome-wide profiling of acute stress induced changes in ribosome occupancy level using external standards
Authors: Shieh Annie W. , Bansal Sandeep K. , Zuo Zhen , Wang Sidney H.
Published: November 2023

Acute cellular stress is known to induce a global reduction in mRNA translation through suppression of cap dependent translation. Selective translation in response to acute stress has been shown to play important roles in regulating the stress response. However, accurately profiling translational changes transcriptome-wide in response to acute cellular stress has been challenging. Commonly used data normalization methods operate on the assumption that any systematic shifts are experimental artifacts. Consequently, if applied to profiling acute cellular stress-induced mRNA translation changes, these methods are expected to produce biased estimates. To address this issue, we designed, produced, and evaluated a panel of 16 oligomers to serve as external standards for ribosome profiling studies. Using Sodium Arsenite treatment-induced oxidative stress in lymphoblastoid cell lines as a model system, we applied spike-in oligomers as external standards. We found our spike-in oligomers to display a strong linear correlation between the observed and the expected quantification, with small ratio compression at the lower concentration range. Using the expected fold changes constructed from spike-in controls, we found in our dataset that TMM normalization, a popular global scaling normalization approach, produced 87.5% false positives at a significant cutoff that is expected to produce only 10% false positive discoveries. In addition, TMM normalization produced a systematic shift of fold change by 3.25 fold. These results highlight the consequences of applying global scaling approaches to conditions that clearly violate their key assumptions. In contrast, we found RUVg normalization using spike-in oligomers as control genes recapitulated the expected stress induced global reduction of translation and resulted in little, if any, systematic shifts in the expected fold change. Our results clearly demonstrated the utility of our spike-in oligomers, both for constructing expected results as controls and for data normalization.
Long non-coding RNA SNHG17 may function as a competitive endogenous RNA in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma progression by sponging miR-34a-5p
Authors: Lu Shengjuan , Zeng Lin , Mo Guojun , Lei Danqing , Li Yuanhong , Ou Guodi , Wu Hailian , Sun Jie , Rong Chao , He Sha , Zhong Dani , Ke Qing , Zhang Qingmei , Tan Xiaohong , Cen Hong , Xie Xiaoxun , Liao Chengcheng
Published: November 2023

We investigated the functional mechanism of long non-coding small nucleolar host gene 17 (SNHG17) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). lncRNAs related to the prognosis of patients with DLBCL were screened to analyze long non-coding small nucleolar host gene 17 (SNHG17) expression in DLBCL and normal tissues, and a nomogram established for predicting DLBCL prognosis. SNHG17 expression in B-cell lymphoma cells was detected using qPCR. The effects of SNHG17 with/without doxorubicin on the proliferation and apoptosis of DoHH2 and Daudi were detected. The effects of combined SNHG17 and doxorubicin were analyzed. The regulatory function of SNHG17 in DLBCL was investigated using a mouse tumor xenotransplantation model. RNA sequencing was used to analyze the signaling pathways involved in SNHG17 knockdown in B-cell lymphoma cell lines. The target relationships among SNHG17, microRNA, and downstream mRNA biomolecules were detected. A higher SNHG17 level predicted a lower survival rate. SNHG17 was highly expressed in DLBCL patient tissues and cell lines. We established a prognostic model containing SNHG17 expression, which could effectively predict the overall survival rate of DLBCL patients. SNHG17 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of B-cell lymphoma cells, and the combination of SNHG17 and doxorubicin had a synergistic effect. SNHG17, miR-34a-5p, and ZESTE gene enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) had common hypothetical binding sites, and the luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-34a-5p was the direct target of SNHG17, and EZH2 was the direct target of miR-34a-5p. The carcinogenic function of SNHG17 in the proliferation and apoptosis of DLBCL cells was partially reversed by a miR-34a-5p inhibitor. SNHG17 increases EZH2 levels by inhibiting miR-34a-5p. Our findings indicate SNHG17 as critical for promoting DLBCL progression by regulating the EZH2 signaling pathway and sponging miR-34a-5p. These findings provide a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target for the prognosis and treatment of DLBCL.
Egészségmegőrzés a munkáltató szemszögéből
Authors: Koroknay Zsuzsa , Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: November 2023

A sportot számos szempontból vizsgálták már. Bizonyított, hogy a
sportnak mára már nemcsak társadalomra gyakorolt hatása van, hanem komoly
gazdasági vonatkozásai is. Az inaktivitás gazdasági terhet jelent nemcsak
az egyénre, hanem akár a munkahelyére, akár a nemzetgazdaságra is.
Mindezért lehet fontos a vállalkozások számára, hogy munkavállalóik
egészségesek legyenek és fizikailag aktív életet éljenek. Kutatásunk során
szekunder és primer elemzést is végrehajtottunk, utóbbi esetében 132
szervezet került bevonásra. A szervezetek képviselőinek a szervezetre
vonatkozó kérdésekre (pl. szervezet tevékenysége, munkavégzés jellege),
valamint egészségmegőrzést és –fejlesztést felmérő kérdésekre kellett
választ adniuk. Az elsődleges eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a szervezetek
számos olyan veszéllyel néznek szembe, amelyek mozgással akár kivédhetők
lennének, azonban ezt még sem építik be a kezdeményezéseikbe és
intézkedéseikbe, egészségmegőrzési szempontból inkább a munkavédelmet
tartják szem előtt (rugalmas munkaidő, védőeszközök beszerzése,
szűrővizsgálatok támogatása).
A Healthcare System using Machine Learning Techniques for Disease Prediction with Chatbot Assistance
Authors: Badempet Pavan , Cheerala Prashanth , Anagondi Shiva Prasad
Published: November 2023

This project aims to develop a healthcare system that can predict multiple diseases, including liver disease, diabetes and heart disease using machine learning techniques. These are the most common types of Diseases that plaque the Indians today. This system will use XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) for these diseases while maintaining accuracy, speed, resource utilization, stability and reducing complexity. The system will also include a healthcare chatbot that can provide personalized health recommendations to users. The system will be developed using Python and its many Machine Learning Libraries & Streamlit Framework. Machine learning models will be trained on publicly available datasets to predict diseases accurately. The developed models will be evaluated using performance metric like accuracy of training and testing data. The healthcare chatbot will be developed with NLP and/or OpenAI API Integration Techniques to provide personalized health recommendations to users. The system will be deployed on a cloud-based platform to ensure scalability and availability. The Healthcare System has the potential to improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis, care and early intervention, thereby reducing healthcare costs and improving patient outcomes. The healthcare chatbot can provide accessible and personalized health recommendations, leading to a healthier and happier life.
Características psicométricas del Inventario Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo en deportistas adultos españoles
Authors:   Facultad de Educación, Grupo de Investigación NIKE, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), La Rioja, España, Ramírez-Muñoz Amaia , Zamarripa Jorge ,   Facultad de Organización Deportiva, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México, Asencio Pablo ,   Centro de Investigación del Deporte, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, España, González-García Higinio ,   Facultad de Educación, Grupo de Investigación TECNODEF, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), La Rioja, España
Published: November 2023

Introducción/objetivo: El perfeccionismo es una variable con un impacto transversal en diferentes áreas de la actividad física y deportiva, tales como la adherencia al ejercicio físico, el aprendizaje de habilidades, el desarrollo del talento y el rendimiento deportivo. No obstante, existen muy pocos instrumentos de evaluación específicos del deporte validados con población española. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo se centra en evaluar las características psicométricas del Inventario Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo en el Deporte (MIPS). Método: 216 deportistas hombres y mujeres de diferentes disciplinas y niveles de competición de España completaron el MIPS, y el cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento en competición deportiva (ISCCS). Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos del análisis factorial confirmatorio sugieren que los índices de ajuste del modelo multidimensional del MIPS fueron adecuados y los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach evidenciaron un buen nivel de confiabilidad interna. Los análisis de invarianza de género mostraron que el instrumento medía bien tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Por último, se confirmó también la validez convergente del MIPS. Conclusión: La versión española del MIPS es un instrumento válido para utilizarse con la población deportiva española en general, resultando un instrumento bien adaptado, fiable y válido desde un punto de vista psicométrico.
Comparing language ideologies in multilingual classrooms across Norway and Zambia
Authors:   Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Iversen Jonas Yassin , Mkandawire Sitwe Benson ,   University of Zambia
Published: November 2023

This article compares the language ideologies (Kroskrity 2000) of pre- and in-service teachers in Norway and Zambia respectively. Despite their historical, political, and linguistic differences, both countries struggle to adapt their educational systems to students’ multilingualism. Thus, it is interesting to see how pre- and in-service teachers from the two countries consider the role of multilinguals within their respective education systems. The data are from two qualitative studies about multilingualism in education from Norway and Zambia that explore pre- and in-service teachers’ language ideologies (Kroskrity 2000). Based on focus group interviews with 24 Norwegian pre-service teachers and 36 Zambian in-service teachers, the current article shows that the Norwegian pre-service teachers and the Zambian in-service teachers expressed convergent descriptions of the challenges associated with multilingualism in education. Yet the teachers revealed divergent language ideologies in relation to how to solve these challenges. While the Norwegian pre-service teachers conveyed rather monoglossic language ideologies, the Zambian in-service teachers aligned themselves with more heteroglossic ideologies. In line with these language ideologies, they positioned themselves differently towards the current language policies in the two countries. This divergent pattern is discussed in light of the specific language ecologies of the two states.
Building energy consumption prediction method based on Bayesian regression and thermal inertia correction
Authors: Su Huiling , Duan Meimei , Zhuang Zhong , Bai Yunlong
Published: November 2023

The accurate prediction of building energy consumption is a crucial prerequisite for demand response (DR) and energy efficiency management of buildings. Nevertheless, the thermal inertia and probability distribution characteristics of energy consumption are frequently ignored by traditional prediction methods. This paper proposes a building energy consumption prediction method based on Bayesian regression and thermal inertia correction. The thermal inertia correction model is established by introducing an equivalent temperature variable to characterize the influence of thermal inertia on temperature. The equivalent temperature is described as a linear function of the actual temperature, and the key parameters of the function are optimized through genetic algorithm (GA). Using historical energy usage, temperature, and date type as inputs and future building energy comsuption as output, a Bayesian regression prediction model is established. Through Bayesian inference, combined with prior information on building energy usage data, the posterior probability distribution of building energy usage is inferred, thereby achieving accurate forecast of building energy consumption.  The case study is conducted using energy consumption data from a commercial building in Nanjing. The results of the case study indicate that the proposed thermal inertia correction method is effective in narrowing the distribution of temperature data from a range of 24.5°C to 36.5°C to a more concentrated range of 26.5°C to 34°C, thereby facilitating a more focused and advantageous data distribution for predictions. Upon applying the thermal inertia correction method, the relative errors of the Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Deep Belief Network (DBN) decreases by 2.0% and 3.1% respectively, reaching 10.9% and 7.0% correspondingly. Moreover, with the utilization of Bayesian regression, the relative error further decreases to 4.4%. Notably, the Bayesian regression method not only achieves reduced errors but also provides probability distribution, demonstrating superiority over traditional methods.
Related variety and state-sponsored R&D collaboration: a geographical and industrial analysis in Czechia
Authors: Horák Petr
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to explore the influence of related variety on direct state-supported R&D cooperation across various geographical levels to understand regional performance differentiation and economic base restructuring in Czechia by employing Frenken et al.’s (2007) methodological approach to calculate a related and unrelated variety for all NACE and NACE C-Manufacturing. Findings indicate that the city of Prague has the highest unrelated and related variety, followed by the cities of Brno, Ostrava, and Pilsen. Calculation just for C-Manufacturing changes the ordering significantly. Furthermore, intra-regional and extra-regional pairwise R&D cooperation in joint projects is calculated. The cluster analysis of Czech microregional data (SO ORP) reveals patterns such as emerging collaborators and collaboration powerhouses. Linear regression analyses established a strong positive association between R&D collaboration intensity and related variety, while a negative link was observed with unrelated variety. Similar relationships were observed in the manufacturing sector (NACE-C).
Identification of physiological races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum occuring in Slovenia
Authors: Munda Alenka , Šuštar-Vozlič Jelka
Published: November 2023

Bean anthracnose, the most important fungal disease of common bean in Slovenia, is caused by a mitosporic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. et Magnus) Briosi et Cav. The most appropriate measure to control the disease is growing of resistant cultivars. Breeding for resistance is limited by the existence of several physiological races of the pathogen and continuous development and introduction of new ones. It is necessary to constantly monitor the occurrence and dynamic of physiological races existing in certain area. With this aim, 47 isolates were obtained from several bean accessions in different bean growing areas in Slovenia. The fungus was isolated from infected pods and leaves. A set of 12 internationally accepted differential bean cultivars was inoculated with spore suspension obtained from single spore isolates. Plant reaction was screened following I - 10 severity scale. Four physiological races of the pathogen were identified. Using the binary nomenclature system they were assigned to races 23, 55, 103 and 131. The most frequent and widespread were races 55 and 23, named also lambda and delta. The research will continue by screening the autochthonous bean germplasm for susceptibility towards the existing races.
Food choice experiments with cadmium nitrate dosed food in terrestrial isopod Oniscus asellus (Crustacea)
Authors: Kaschl Ulf Iskender , Zidar Primož , Štrus Jasna , Storch Volker
Published: November 2023

The influence of different concentrations of cadmium nitrate on food choice behaviour was studied in the terrestrial isopod Oniscus asellus. In paired food choice tests, consumption rates were compared in relation to cadmium nitrate concentrations and duration of feeding. The consumption of contaminated food was reduced at even the lowest cadmium concentration already in the first week offeeding. In the third week the consumption rates for uncontaminated and contaminated food reached a ratio of 6:4 in all animal groups. Consumption of contaminated food during the experiment resulted in increased cadmium content in the animals. It is presumed that 0. asellus cannot distinguish food according to cadmium concentration. The difference in consumption rates between uncontaminated and cadmium-contaminated food could be based on integration of feeding behaviour and the adverse metabolic effects of cadmium.
Impact of air pollution on the mitotic activity in meristematic cells in shallot (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum)
Authors: Glaseničnik Erika , Gril Dieter , Muller Maria , Ribarič-Lasnik Cvetka , Batič Franc
Published: November 2023

Test shallot plants Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum were exposed to field conditions in research plots in the most polluted areas in Slovenia in the vegetation season in 1999. The intention of this research was to evaluate the influence of air pollution on mitotic activity in meristematictissues of root tips of bioindication plants. At each sampling site the mitotic activity was determined under field conditions and in a pot experiment. The maturated bulbs were collected from the field and after winter dormancies cytogenetic analyses were run on them in a lab. Root tips were fixed in Clark's fixative and afterwards stained with Schiff's reagent. Significant differences in the mitotic activity in different sampling plots in pot experiments were found. The results showed the presence ofcytotoxic substances at chosen sampling sites which caused the decrease of mitotic cell division.
Potential of rosemary hydrosol for effective growth inhibition of fungi isolated from buckwheat grains
Authors: Mravlje Jure , Kopač Eva , Kosovel Hana , Leskošek Janez , Regvar Marjana
Published: November 2023

Modern botanical fungicides should be non-toxic and readily available. Hydrosols are by-products of essential oil distillation with a large potential market size. They are, therefore, suitable natural candidates for effective fungicide development. Improving grain quality and safety during storage are significant challenges in the contemporary world. We have therefore tested the possible use of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) hydrosol as an efficient antifungal agent against fungi isolated from buckwheat grain. Fungi from the genus Fusarium were the most susceptible to rosemary hydrosol, as growth inhibition was observed in all tested species by 15 % rosemary hydrosol and in F. graminearum already by 5 % hydrosol concentration. Since there was no inhibitory effect on the germination of buckwheat grain after exposure to rosemary hydrosol, it could potentially be used as an environmentally friendly alternative for suppressing fungal growth on grains.
70 let revije Acta Biologica Slovenica
Authors: Gaberščik Alenka
Published: November 2023

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The effects of short‐term caloric restriction on cardiometabolic health in overweight/obese men and women: A single‐arm trial
Authors: DeBlauw Justin A. , Churchill Anna I. , Yunda Brigitte C. , Kotarsky Christopher J. , Caldwell Abigail , Ives Stephen J.
Published: November 2023

Overweight and obesity (Ow/Ob) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Caloric restriction (CR) have been investigated but little is known about the acute effects of CR and often such diets are not standardized. Thus, we aimed to assess the impact of a new standardized 3‐day CR diet (590 kcal/d intake) on cardiometabolic health in weight‐stable Ow/Ob individuals. In a single‐arm design, 15 Ow/Ob men and women were assessed pre‐post a 3‐day standardized CR diet; specifically, body weight/composition (%body fat, visceral fat score (Vfs), blood pressure (BP), and vascular stiffness (VS), resting energy expenditure (REE), substrate utilization (respiratory quotient, RQ), and blood glucose/lipid profile). CR lowered body weight (93.1 ± 15.2 to 90.67 ± 14.4 kg, p < 0.001, d = 1.9), %fat (37.2 ± 7.5 to 35.8 ± 7.5%, p = 0.002, d = 1.1), and Vfs (13.1 ± 4.5 to 12.2 ± 3.9 a.u., p = 0.002, d = 1.1), but not body water (46.3 ± 3.6 to 46.0 ± 3.6%, p = 0.29). CR lowered VS (29.8 ± 17.5 to 21.5 ± 14.5%, p = 0.05, d = 0.6), but not BP (p > 0.05). Blood glucose (86 ± 7 to 84 ± 11 mg/dL, p = 0.33) and lipids (total cholesterol (196 ± 49 to 203 ± 54 mg/dL, p = 0.16) and TC/HDL (4.9 ± 2.4 to 6.1 ± 4.7, p = 0.13)) were unchanged. RQ decreased with CR (0.84 ± 0.01 to 0.76 ± 0.00, p < 0.001, d = 1.9), though REE was unchanged (p = 0.83). The 3‐day CR diet significantly improved fat metabolism, body weight and composition, and vascular stiffness.
The effect of eccentricity on visual motion prediction in peripheral vision
Authors: Hirano Riku , Numasawa Kosuke , Yoshimura Yusei , Miyamoto Takeshi , Kizuka Tomohiro , Ono Seiji
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the current study was to clarify the effect of eccentricity on visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact (TTC) task. TTC indicates the predictive ability to accurately estimate the time‐to‐contact of a moving object based on visual motion perception. We also measured motion reaction time (motion RT) as an indicator of the speed of visual motion perception. The TTC task was to press a button when the moving target would arrive at the stationary goal. In the occluded condition, the target dot was occluded 500 ms before the time to contact. The motion RT task was to press a button as soon as the target moved. The visual targets were randomly presented at five different eccentricities (4°, 6°, 8°, 10°, 12°) and moved on a circular trajectory at a constant tangent velocity (8°/s) to keep the eccentricity constant. Our results showed that TTC in the occluded condition showed an earlier response as the eccentricity increased. Furthermore, the motion RT became longer as the eccentricity increased. Therefore, it is most likely that a slower speed perception in peripheral vision delays the perceived speed of motion onset and leads to an earlier response in the TTC task.
Norm and trope in social indexicality
Authors: Agha Asif
Published: November 2023

The concurrent lamination of distinct categorial principles in speech allows language users to interpret and create a vast range of social-interpersonal realities. Any conceivable dimension of social life – from the mental states of persons to the forms of belonging they exhibit within sociohistorical orders of caste, class, age-set, gender, commerce, or profession – can indexically be linked to features of speech, and thus enacted in interpersonal encounters. This paper discusses a range of cases in which such dimensions of social life are made manifest through social indexical effects performed and negotiated through speech. In the course of analyzing a delimited set of case studies, the paper presents an outline of the analytic tools and methods that permit the systematic study of such processes in any language community or locale.
Zwei Prinzipienlehren aber nur ein Prinzip. Eudoros von Alexandrien und (neu-)pythagoreische Henologie
Authors: Abdavi Azar Kasra
Published: November 2023

According to the prevalent scholarly opinion, Eudorus of Alexandria supposes two interrelated levels within the same metaphysical hierarchy: one transcendent principle (to hen) at the highest level and two opposing principles (monas and aoristos dyas) at the subjacent level. This paper presents an alternative interpretation, arguing that Eudorus’ report, in fact, involves two different explanations regarding the first principle(s): one strictly monistic and the other dualistic. Eudorus holds the former approach (the so-called highest teaching, which is particularly influenced by Platonic henotheism) to represent the pinnacle of Pythagorean metaphysics according to which the latter, secondary teaching ought to be construed. In the final analysis, interpreting dualism through the lens of henology results in a somewhat idiosyncratic yet Pythagoreanising account of a Monad and Dyad that are, if understood as principle, identical to the One.
Plotinus on the Daemon as the Soul’s Erotic Disposition towards the Good
Authors: Corrias Anna
Published: November 2023

The idea that the soul has a guardian daemon was a common topic among Platonists, informed by different readings of Plato, especially Symp. 202e and Resp. 620e. In his philosophically dense interpretation, Plotinus describes the daemon as the ‘pole of attraction’ or the erotic disposition that keeps the core of one’s personality directed towards the Good. In this way, the daemon promotes the soul’s ascent to higher levels of reality through a transition from unconsciousness into consciousness that, across different incarnations, will eventually flow into the disembodied self. In order to unpack this view, this article brings together Enn. III.4 and III.5 with Enn. VI.7, where Plotinus discusses the difference between soul (ψυχή) and the expressed principle (λόγος) belonging to soul. This difference if fundamental to fully understand the role of the guardian daemon in the soul’s πρόοδος and ἐπιστροφή.
Trial Selection and Estimating Damages Equations
Authors: Hylton Keith N. , Kim Sanghoon
Published: November 2023

Many studies have employed regression analysis with data drawn from court opinions. For example, an analyst might use regression analysis to determine the factors that explain the size of damages awards or the factors that determine the probability that the plaintiff will prevail at trial or on appeal. However, the full potential of multiple regression analysis in legal research has not been realized, largely because of the sample selection problem. We propose a method for controlling for sample selection bias using data from court opinions.
On the Role of Sales Taxes for Efficient Compensation of Property Loss Under Strict Liability
Authors: Baumann Florian , Friehe Tim
Published: November 2023

When a victim loses property due to an injurer’s wrongful act, it must be decided whether the damages award should include the sales taxes associated with the lost property’s replacement. This is especially acute when the victim can make other use of the damages award than replacement. This paper compares regimes that differ in how they treat sales taxes, focusing on possible distortions of consumption and care choices. We find that regimes that include sales taxes in damages awards only when incurred to replace the lost property (as, for instance, the German Civil Code does) induce suboptimal consumption and care incentives. Distortions of care incentives also depend on the nature of care expenditures (monetary or non-monetary).
Integrated regulatory and metabolic networks of the tumor microenvironment for therapeutic target prioritization
Authors: Shi Tiange , Yu Han , Blair Rachael Hageman
Published: November 2023

Translation of genomic discovery, such as single-cell sequencing data, to clinical decisions remains a longstanding bottleneck in the field. Meanwhile, computational systems biological models, such as cellular metabolism models and cell signaling pathways, have emerged as powerful approaches to provide efficient predictions in metabolites and gene expression levels, respectively. However, there has been limited research on the integration between these two models. This work develops a methodology for integrating computational models of probabilistic gene regulatory networks with a constraint-based metabolism model. By using probabilistic reasoning with Bayesian Networks, we aim to predict cell-specific changes under different interventions, which are embedded into the constraint-based models of metabolism. Applications to single-cell sequencing data of glioblastoma brain tumors generate predictions about the effects of pharmaceutical interventions on the regulatory network and downstream metabolisms in different cell types from the tumor microenvironment. The model presents possible insights into treatments that could potentially suppress anaerobic metabolism in malignant cells with minimal impact on other cell types’ metabolism. The proposed integrated model can guide therapeutic target prioritization, the formulation of combination therapies, and future drug discovery. This model integration framework is also generalizable to other applications, such as different cell types, organisms, and diseases.
Astrocyte β-Adrenergic Receptor Activity Regulates NMDA Receptor Signaling of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Del Franco Armani P. , Newman Eric A.
Published: November 2023

Glutamate spillover from the synapse is tightly regulated by astrocytes, limiting the activation of extrasynaptically located NMDA receptors (NMDAR). The processes of astrocytes are dynamic and can modulate synaptic physiology. Though norepinephrine (NE) and β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activity can modify astrocyte volume, this has yet to be confirmed outside of sensory cortical areas, nor has the effect of noradrenergic signaling on glutamate spillover and neuronal NMDAR activity been explored. We monitored changes to astrocyte process volume in response to noradrenergic agonists in the medial prefrontal cortex of male and female mice. Both NE and the β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO) increased process volume by ∼20%, significantly higher than changes seen when astrocytes had G-protein signaling blocked by GDPβS. We measured the effect of β-AR signaling on evoked NMDAR currents. While ISO did not affect single stimulus excitatory currents of Layer 5 pyramidal neurons, ISO reduced NMDAR currents evoked by 10 stimuli at 50 Hz, which elicits glutamate spillover, by 18%. After isolating extrasynaptic NMDARs by blocking synaptic NMDARs with the activity-dependent NMDAR blocker MK-801, ISO similarly reduced extrasynaptic NMDAR currents in response to 10 stimuli by 18%. Finally, blocking β-AR signaling in the astrocyte network by loading them with GDPβS reversed the ISO effect on 10 stimuli-evoked NMDAR currents. These results demonstrate that astrocyte β-AR activity reduces extrasynaptic NMDAR recruitment, suggesting that glutamate spillover is reduced.
An extended Tudor domain within Vreteno interconnects Gtsf1L and Ago3 for piRNA biogenesis in Bombyx mori
Authors: Bronkhorst Alfred W , Lee Chop Y , Möckel Martin M , Ruegenberg Sabine , de Jesus Domingues Antonio M , Sadouki Shéraz , Piccinno Rossana , Sumiyoshi Tetsutaro , Siomi Mikiko C , Stelzl Lukas , Luck Katja , Ketting René F
Published: November 2023

Piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) direct PIWI proteins to transposons to silence them, thereby preserving genome integrity and fertility. The piRNA population can be expanded in the ping‐pong amplification loop. Within this process, piRNA‐associated PIWI proteins (piRISC) enter a membraneless organelle called nuage to cleave their target RNA, which is stimulated by Gtsf proteins. The resulting cleavage product gets loaded into an empty PIWI protein to form a new piRISC complex. However, for piRNA amplification to occur, the new RNA substrates, Gtsf‐piRISC, and empty PIWI proteins have to be in physical proximity. In this study, we show that in silkworm cells, the Gtsf1 homolog BmGtsf1L binds to piRNA‐loaded BmAgo3 and localizes to granules positive for BmAgo3 and BmVreteno. Biochemical assays further revealed that conserved residues within the unstructured tail of BmGtsf1L directly interact with BmVreteno. Using a combination of AlphaFold modeling, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, and in vitro assays, we identified a novel binding interface on the BmVreteno‐eTudor domain, which is required for BmGtsf1L binding. Our study reveals that a single eTudor domain within BmVreteno provides two binding interfaces and thereby interconnects piRNA‐loaded BmAgo3 and BmGtsf1L.
Mechanistic basis of ligand efficacy in the calcium‐activated chloride channel TMEM16A
Authors: Lam Andy KM , Dutzler Raimund
Published: November 2023

Agonist binding in ligand‐gated ion channels is coupled to structural rearrangements around the binding site, followed by the opening of the channel pore. In this process, agonist efficacy describes the equilibrium between open and closed conformations in a fully ligand‐bound state. Calcium‐activated chloride channels in the TMEM16 family are important sensors of intracellular calcium signals and are targets for pharmacological modulators, yet a mechanistic understanding of agonist efficacy has remained elusive. Using a combination of cryo‐electron microscopy, electrophysiology, and autocorrelation analysis, we now show that agonist efficacy in the ligand‐gated channel TMEM16A is dictated by the conformation of the pore‐lining helix α6 around the Ca2+‐binding site. The closure of the binding site, which involves the formation of a π‐helix below a hinge region in α6, appears to be coupled to the opening of the inner pore gate, thereby governing the channel's open probability and conductance. Our results provide a mechanism for agonist binding and efficacy and a structural basis for the design of potentiators and partial agonists in the TMEM16 family.
Air quality investigation using functional data analysis methods
Authors: Vitkauskaitė Akvilė , Salytė Milda
Published: November 2023

In this research paper, a comprehensive analysis of particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution concentrations in six different Lithuanian regions is presented. The analysis employs data smoothing, principal component analysis (PCA), exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, and time series analysis to provide a thorough examination. Functional data analysis approaches were used to find the origins and effects of these air pollutants by revealing their data patterns. The functional data analysis techniques demonstrate their effectiveness in revealing deep links within large datasets, assisting in the control of air quality problems. This research provides valuable insights into air quality challenges in Lithuanian regions. The study, aimed at comparing air quality across different regions, indicates that there are no significant differences in PM10 and NO2 between the two groups. Notably, reliable forecasts for 2023 data are attainable for PM10 in regions such as Vilnius Old Town, Vilnius Lazdynai, Šiauliai, and Klaipėda. For NO2, successful forecasting can be applied to Vilnius Old Town, Vilnius Lazdynai, and Šiauliai.
THE EFFECT OF ACTOVEGYN ON THE MECHANISMS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS DEVELOPING IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
Authors:   Government Institution The Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Saenko Y.A. , Gonchar O.O. ,   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mankovska I.M. ,   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Drevytska T.I. ,   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bratus L.V. ,   О.О. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mankovsky B.М. ,   Government Institution The Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2023

The effects of actovegin on the mechanisms of oxidative stress (OS) developing in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CVAN) were investigated. The aim of the study was to establish the effectiveness of treatment with actovegin for the pro- and antioxidant balance impairment and changes in gene expression of HIF-1α and mTOR in the blood of patients with DM2 and CVAN. It was shown that intravenous injections of actovegin at a dose of 1000 mg per day for 10 days and further prolonged oral administration of this drug at a dose of 800 mg per day for 90 days led to a decrease in the content of secondary products of lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and H2O2 production in erythrocytes of patients with DM2 and CVAN. These changes were indicative of a weakening of OS intensity. It was also shown that treatment with actovegin promoted an increase in total plasma SOD activity as well as reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes from patients. Treatment with actovegin also raised the gene expression of HIF-1α and reduced the gene expression of mTOR in leukocytes of patients with DM2 and CVAN. These genetic changes may serve as a protective mechanism against the development of OS, which acts through different metabolic pathways. So, actovegin administration counteracting OS development due to the impact on the different components of pro- and antioxidant system as well as on HIF-1α and mTOR genes expression may offer new clinical avenues for pharmacological treatment of patients with DM2 and CVAN.
PROPIONIC ACID RESTORES MUCIN SECRETION IN THE GASTRIC FUNDUS IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors:   Luhansk State Medical University, Rivne, Ukraine 2Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kerimov T.R. , Savosko S.I. ,   Luhansk State Medical University, Rivne, Ukraine 2Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Smirnov S.M. ,   Luhansk State Medical University, Rivne, Ukraine 2Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Natrus L.V. ,   Luhansk State Medical University, Rivne, Ukraine 2Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a number of complications, in particular, gastrointestinal tract dysfunction. Impaired mucin secretion by the gastric mucosa in rats with T2DM may affect the absorption of drugs in the stomach and may explain the poor efficacy of treatment and correction of the condition. The aim of our work was to study changes in mucin secretion by the mucous membrane of the gastric fundus in rats with T2DM and the administration of metformin in combination with propionate. T2DM was modelled in rats by a high-fat diet for 3 months with a single administration of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg). Pharmacological correction was performed by intragastric administration of metformin (60 mg/ kg), propionate (60 mg/kg), and combined administration of the mentioned drugs for 14 days. Structural changes in the gastric mucosa and mucopolysaccharide secretion activity were assessed by histochemistry. Western blot analysis of MUC5AC expression was performed. A significant decrease in mucin production was observed in the lower stomach of rats, which was associated with a decrease in the density of cells actively producing acidic mucopolysaccharides. Metformin administration to animals with T2DM did not restore mucin production in the gastric fundus, whereas propionate administration increased acid mucopolysaccharide secretion. An increase in the neutral component of mucus and MUC5AC was found in T2DM. The combined administration of metformin and propionate helped to reduce the content of this mucin. The identified morphofunctional changes in the gastric fundus require further research and should be taken into account when using oral hypoglycaemic drugs because the loss of the mucin barrier layer may affect the state of the gastric mucosa and the absorption of drugs.
BLOOD LEUKOCYTES IN RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES UNDER DESYNCHRONOSIS INITIATION AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF CRYOPRESERVED CORD BLOOD INJECTION
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the NAS of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine, Lomako V.V.
Published: November 2023

It has been suggested that the preventive administration of cryopreserved cord blood nucleated cells (CBNCs) prior to the onset of desynchronosis may help to correct its negative effects on the body. The efficacy of CBNCs on blood leukocyte indicators in young and old rats (6 and 18 months old) was investigated. Desynchronosis was modelled by shifting the light regime: the duration of the light period was increased by 12 h, resulting in a light period of 24 h. Leukocyte types were determined in blood smears. Integral leukocyte indices were used to assess the state of the immune system. Desynchronosis caused leukocytosis in young rats and leukopenia in aged rats. The number of banded neutrophils increased in both, segmented neutrophils decreased in young rats and increased in aged rats; lymphocytes changed on the contrary; eosinophils decreased in young rats but did not change in aged rats. In young rats with desynchronosis, the predominance of young cells, macrophages, activation of the humoral link of the immune system, auto- and endogenous intoxication, acceleration of hypersensitivity of the immediate type processes, and increased body adaptation were noted. In aged rats, infectious intoxication, cellular link of immune system predominance, and a decrease in allergy and adaptation were observed. After CBNCs injection before desynchronosis, leukocytosis remained, segmented neutrophils and eosinophils recovered, banded neutrophils increased and lymphocytes decreased in young rats. In old rats, the total number of leukocytes, monocytes and eosinophils recovered, but lymphopenia increased. Regardless of age, the cells of non-specific protection predominated; the cellular link of the immune system activated, adaptation decreased and autointoxication was manifested. In young rats, young forms of neutrophils increased, allergy and immunoreactivity decreased, and the affective link of the immune system and macrophage in aged rats was activated. Therefore, after the preventive use of human CBNCs before desynchronosis initiation in aged rats, the total leukocyte content and the number of eosinophils and monocytes were restored. In 6-month-old rats, the content of young forms of neutrophils increased, indicating stimulation of leukopoiesis. The allergy index decreased in both groups.