bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Art of the Faithful Heart: A Comparison of Classical Christian and Islamic Art Traditions
Authors: Ross David A.
Published: February 2024

When a translation of a text is complete, the presentation of the text should, as much as possible, avoid any influence that could reduce the impact or acceptability of the contents of the text. This is especially true of faith-critical texts, whether they are of Christian or Islamic origin. The study and comparison of different art traditions can help us reduce the possibility of such unfortunate influences. Since Christians and Muslims have very different assumptions even about the nature of God (or Allah) as he reveals himself through sacred writings, it is not surprising that Christians and Muslims also have very different art traditions. The paper first introduces the principles of classical Western Christian art and of classical Islamic art, since these traditions were approximate contemporaries. It then compares differences in color symbolism, important symbols in each faith tradition (including Islamic calligraphy), and in the forms and functions of traditional architecture.
Linguistic Equivalence in Muslim-Idiom Translation
Authors: Warren-Rothlin Andy
Published: February 2024

Muslim-idiom translations use a range of strategies to properly contextualise biblical messages and to engage their audience. Most of these are not new or unusual. The rendering of divine titles may be subject to various different kinds of legitimate equivalence, as well as semantic and social constraints, and these issues are part of biblical history. Similarly, euphemisms, fundamental to human interaction, have always been a part of biblical textual history and cannot be banned from modern translations. And the formulaic key expressions of Islam, closely paralleling those of the Bible, contribute valuably to the literary stock which can be used to achieve engagement. Concerns about these issues are ultimately a matter of trust in translators’ loyalty to the biblical source text.
Design requirements of upper extremity supports for daily use in Duchenne muscular dystrophy with severe muscle weakness
Authors: Filius Suzanne J , Harlaar Jaap , Alberts Lonneke , Houwen-van Opstal Saskia , van der Kooij Herman , Janssen Mariska MHP
Published: February 2024

Background

People with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cope with progressive muscular weakness and consequential upper extremity function loss. They benefit from arm supports, or arm exoskeletons, to assist arm function. Especially for severe muscle weakness (DMD ≥ Brooke Scale 4), the design of such arm support is challenging. This study aims to structurally develop functional and technical design requirements of arm supports for people with DMD Brooke Scale 4.

Methods

An overview of clinical characteristics and a classification of clinically meaningful activities were derived from data from the Dutch Dystrophinopathy Database and available literature. Based on these, functional and technical design requirements of arm supports were developed and matched to the achievable needs of the user.

Results

First, the clinical characteristics of the target population, such as strength, range of motion, and functional ability, are given. Next, clinically relevant activities of daily living are translated to functional requirements categorised in a ‘must,’ ‘should,’ and ‘could’ category. Last, the technical requirements to realise these functional goals are presented.

Conclusions

The recommendations following from the functional user needs, technical requirements, and safety considerations can be used to make the development of assistive arm supports for people with DMD Brooke Scale 4 more user-centred.
Knowledge and Behavior of Primary Care Physicians Regarding Utilization of Standardized Tools in Screening and Assessment of Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Disorders at a Large Integrated Health System
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Afridi Asif Khan , Rana Masooma , Arif Mobeena , Barrera Trajan , Patel Feroza , Khan Muhammad Nausherwan , Azhar Erum
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Standardized screening, objective evaluation, and management of behavioral health conditions are major challenges in primary care. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) provide standardized screening and symptom management tools for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and Mood Disorders (MD), respectively. This study explores family physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the utilization of GAD-7, PHQ-9, and MDQ in outpatient primary care offices.

Methods:

The study method was a cross-sectional electronic and paper survey utilizing a self-administered questionnaire that assessed primary care physicians’ demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices in rural and urban outpatient clinical settings regarding GAD-7, PHQ-9, and MDQ. Statistical software SAS 9.4 was used for descriptive and Chi-Square statistics.

Results:

Out of 320 total participants,145 responded (45.3%). Responding family physicians demonstrated a high level of familiarity with the GAD-7 (97.9%), PHQ-9 (97.9%), and MDQ (81.3%) assessment tools. However, the reported utilization rates were relatively lower than knowledge, with 62.7%, 73.1%, and 31.9% extremely likely or likely to utilize the GAD-7, PHQ-9, and MDQ as screening and monitoring tools, respectively. Less than a quarter of the total respondents use the objective score for the future management of GAD, with significantly more residents utilizing the score for GAD-7 compared to attendings ( P < .05). There was no statistical significance difference between residents and attendings for the objective evaluation of Major Depressive Disorder ( P = .26) and Mood Disorders ( P = .05).

Conclusions:

Despite being knowledgeable of the utility of GAD-7, PHQ-9, and MDQ, the primary care physicians in a large integrated health system in Central Pennsylvania and Northern Maryland report inconsistent utilization in their practice. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying factors contributing to the suboptimal usage of these screening tools and ways to increase it.
Students’ Motivation for Honors Programs in the Netherlands
Authors: Basnet Neha , Wouters Anouk , Kusurkar Rashmi A.
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to examine student motivation for honors programs using two types of motivation (autonomous and controlled) of Dutch traditional students, Dutch non-traditional students, and international students. Data were collected using Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-A). K-means cluster analysis with autonomous and controlled motivation was conducted to identify the various types of motivation clusters. Subsequently, motivational profiles were compared using Analysis of Variance between Dutch traditional students, non-traditional students, and international students. Furthermore, associations between background variables and relative autonomous motivation of students to participate in the honors program were conducted. The response rate was 33.25% ( n = 399). Four motivational profiles were identified: (1) HAMC (High Autonomous and Moderate Controlled), (2) HALC (High Autonomous and Low Controlled), (3) MALC (Moderate Autonomous and Low Controlled), (4) and MAMC (Moderate Autonomous and Moderate Controlled). Most of the honors program students in this study were represented in the good quality-HALC motivational profile. The findings also showed higher proportions of males ( n = 71, 48%) and females ( n = 120, 49.4%) in the good quality-HALC motivation profiles. Almost half of the students were found in the good quality cluster.
A Mixed-Method Study on the Distance Education Process Experienced in the Faculties of Education
Authors: Karakoç Öztürk Başak
Published: February 2024

Based on the experiences of preservice Turkish teachers (PTTs) along with the transition to distance education, the objective of this study was to evaluate their views on this process in terms of various variables and determine the problems they experienced during the distance education process. One hundred eighty PTTs constituted the sample of the present mixed-method study. Afterward, 40 PTTs were selected from the sample by the criterion sampling method, and their responses to open-ended questions constituted the qualitative data. The data were collected online using the “Interview Form for Distance Education” developed through Google Forms. Descriptive statistical (percentage and frequency distributions) techniques, the chi-square technique for a single sample and two variables were used to analyze quantitative data, and the qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. The study showed that most PTTs regarded the attainments obtained through distance education as not equivalent to face-to-face education, and there was no significant relationship between these views and gender, grade level, and grade point average. However, there was a significant relationship between PTTs’ problems in distance education, their places of residence, and connection speed. Furthermore, while quite few PTTs thought that distance education was beneficial to developing higher-order thinking and language skills and enriching interaction, most preservice teachers found distance education useful in terms of providing an opportunity to repeat the course content and ensuring space and time flexibility.
Paranoia: From Passive Social-Threat Perception to Misattunement in Social Interaction
Authors: Hajdúk Michal , Sasson Noah J. , Park Sohee , Pinkham Amy E.
Published: February 2024

Paranoia, defined as the unfounded belief that others intend to cause harm, negatively affects individuals across the continuum from healthy to pathological. Despite a definition that is explicitly social, paranoia is often studied as an isolated characteristic of the person who is experiencing it. In the current review, we propose that the study of paranoia could be advanced by adopting a perspective focused on its interactional nature. Specifically, we hypothesize that aberrant dynamic interaction and/or misattunement between social partners may be a critical component in the formation and maintenance of paranoia. We also speculate that the relationship between paranoia and social functioning is bidirectional in which poor interpersonal functioning is both a result of and a contributor to paranoia. This approach may identify novel mechanisms and potential treatment targets.
Hip and Pelvis Movement Patterns in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Differ From Controls and Change After Hip Arthroscopy During a Step-Down Pivot-Turn Task
Authors: Alter Thomas D. , Wichman Daniel M. , Fenn Thomas W. , Knapik Derrick M. , Espinoza Orias Alejandro , Nho Shane J. , Malloy Philip
Published: February 2024

Background:

Alterations in hip kinematics during functional tasks occur in positions that cause anterior impingement in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. However, tasks that do not promote motions of symptomatic hip impingement remain understudied.

Purpose:

To compare movement patterns of the hip and pelvis during a step-down pivot-turn task between patients with FAI and controls as well as in patients with FAI before and after hip arthroscopy.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Three-dimensional motion capture was acquired in 32 patients with FAI and 27 controls during a step-down pivot-turn task. An FAI subsample (n = 14) completed testing 9.2 ± 2.0 months (mean ± SD; range, 5.8-13.1 months) after hip arthroscopy. Statistical parametric mapping analysis was used to analyze hip and pelvis time series waveforms (1) between the FAI and control groups, (2) in the FAI group before versus after hip arthroscopy, and (3) in the FAI group after hip arthroscopy versus the control group. Continuous parametric variables were analyzed by paired t test and nonparametric variables by chi-square test.

Results:

There were no significant differences in demographics between the FAI and control groups. Before hip arthroscopy, patients with FAI demonstrated reduced hip flexion ( P = .041) and external rotation ( P = .027), as well as decreased anterior pelvic tilt ( P = .049) and forward rotation ( P = .043), when compared with controls. After hip arthroscopy, patients demonstrated greater hip flexion ( P < .001) and external rotation of the operative hip ( P < .001), in addition to increased anterior pelvic tilt ( P≤ .036) and pelvic rise ( P≤ .049), as compared with preoperative values. Postoperatively, the FAI group demonstrated greater hip flexion ( P≤ .047) and lower forward pelvic rotation ( P = .003) as compared with the control group.

Conclusion:

Movement pattern differences between the FAI and control groups during the nonimpingement-related step-down pivot-turn task were characterized by differences in the sagittal and transverse planes of the hip and pelvis. After hip arthroscopy, patients exhibited greater hip flexion and external rotation and increased pelvic anterior tilt and pelvic rise as compared with presurgery. When compared with controls, patients with FAI demonstrated greater hip flexion and lower pelvic forward rotation postoperatively.

Clinical Relevance:

These findings indicate that hip and pelvis biomechanics are altered even during tasks that do not reproduce the anterior impingement position.
Pedagogy and Propaganda in the Post-Truth Era: Examining Effective Approaches to Teaching About Mis/DisInformation
Authors: Early Jody O. , Robillard Alyssa G. , Rooks Ronica N. , Smith Romocki LaHoma
Published: February 2024

The rapid dissemination of information through various media platforms has significantly transformed the landscape of health communication and public health. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored how health faculty and practitioners face an increasing challenge in navigating the complex terrain of mis/disinformation that permeates the online world. The proliferation of false or misleading health information poses a significant threat to public health, eroding trust in evidence-based practices and potentially leading to adverse health outcomes. In this post-truth era, it is crucial to equip students and those working in health occupations with the knowledge and skills that enhance their media literacy and ability to discern credible from suspect information. However, we must go further to help students critically examine mis/disinformation from an ecological perspective to understand the historical and socio-political factors that lead to its spread and their vulnerability to it. In this paper, we offer a rationale for focusing on pedagogy to prevent and to mitigate the spread of mis/disinformation in health promotion, and we provide examples of evidence-based approaches for doing so. Additionally, we offer resources to support teaching and learning in this area and identify opportunities for future research.
Childhood and adolescence physical activity and multimorbidity later in life: A systematic review
Authors: Souilla Luc , Larsen Anders C. , Juhl Carsten B. , Skou Søren T. , Bricca Alessio
Published: February 2024

Background

No systematic summary exists on childhood physical activity and later-life multimorbidity risks. We primarily investigated the association of physical activity in childhood and adolescence and the development of multimorbidity in adulthood. Secondarily, we examined whether physical activity level differ in children and adolescents with and without multimorbidity and whether there is a cross-sectional association between physical activity and multimorbidity.

Methods

Following Cochrane Handbook guidelines and adhering to PRISMA recommendations, we included cross-sectional, case-control and longitudinal studies that investigated the association between physical activity in children and adolescents and development of multimorbidity. Results were summarized narratively and we assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42023407063.

Results

Of 9064 studies identified, 11 were included in 13 papers. Longitudinals studies suggested that being physically active in childhood and adolescence was associated with a lower risk of multimorbidity in adulthood. Three out of five studies reported lower physical activity level in children and adolescents with multimorbidity compared to those without, and two did not find a between-group difference. Cross-sectional evidence on the association between multimorbidity and lower physical activity was uncertain. Overall, the evidence certainty for all outcomes was considered low due to the indirectness and inconsistency in findings.

Conclusions

Childhood and adolescence physical activity appeared to be linked with a reduced risk of later-life multimorbidity but the certainty of the evidence is low. These results support the promotion of physical activity during childhood and adolescence.
Sliding and Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernias are Distinct Diseases: Surgeons are Responsible for Delineating the Differences
Authors: Herbella Fernando A. M. , Velanovich Vic , Oelschlager Brant , Ayazi Shahin , Eriksson Sven , Jobe Blair , Salvador Renato , Wiesel Ory , Schlottmann Francisco , Patti Marco G. , Braghetto Italo , Dubecz Atilla , Lidor Anne , Low Donald E.
Published: February 2024

The outcomes for sliding and paraesophageal hiatal hernias (PHH) are jointly reported. By combining outcomes of sliding hernia and PHH repair, surgeons are conflating the outcomes of surgical management for GERD with the outcomes of PHH repair. PHH is a distinct clinical entity from sliding hernia, requiring a more complex operation with higher risk of complications and, ultimately, comparatively diminished outcomes. The practice of combining PHH and sliding hernia surgical data confounds the true outcomes of ARS and contributes to misconceptions that reduce referral rates. Current and future research assessments must be based on accurate discrimination between the 2 anatomic presentations. Surgeons have a responsibility to ensure this distinction is clearly drawn when disseminating their ARS outcomes.
Persistent Pneumosinus Dilatans Refractory to Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Alba Brandon , Harmon Kelly , La-Anyane Okensama , Tragos Christina
Published: February 2024

Pneumosinus dilatans (PD) is a rare clinical entity involving expansion of the paranasal sinuses. While the pathogenesis of PD is not fully understood, the prevailing theory involves a “ball-valve” mechanism in which obstruction of sinus outflow leads to progressive air cell expansion. Typically, the progression of PD can be halted with endoscopic sinus surgery to relieve any outflow obstruction. In this report, the authors present a case of a patient with progressive expansion of the frontal sinus refractory to endoscopic sinus surgery. The patient ultimately required excision of the anterior table of the frontal sinus and reconstruction with a custom polyetheretherketone implant. This case highlights the variability of PD presentation and how treatment and reconstruction must be tailored to each patient’s unique presentation.
Mental Health Distress Is Associated With Higher Pain Interference in Patients With Opioid Use Disorder Stabilized on Buprenorphine or Methadone
Authors: Leyde Sarah , Price Cynthia J. , Colgan Dana D. , Pike Kenneth C. , Tsui Judith I. , Merrill Joseph O.
Published: February 2024

Background:

The relationships between opioid use disorder (OUD), chronic pain, and mental health distress are complex and multidirectional. The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between mental health conditions and Chronic pain severity and interference among patients stabilized on either buprenorphine or methadone.

Methods:

We report baseline data from a randomized trial of a mind-body intervention conducted at 5 outpatient clinics that provided either buprenorphine or methadone treatment. Validated scales were used to measure substance use, mental health distress, and pain severity and interference. Statistical analyses examined the relationship between mental health conditions and pain severity and interference.

Results:

Of 303 participants, 57% (n = 172) reported Chronic pain. A total of 88% (n = 268) were prescribed buprenorphine. Mental health conditions were common, with one-quarter of the sample screening positive for all 3 mental health conditions (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]). Compared to participants without Chronic pain, participants with Chronic pain were more likely to screen positive for moderate-severe anxiety (47% vs 31%); moderate-severe depression (54% vs 41%); and the combination of anxiety, depression, and PTSD (31% vs 18%). Among participants with Chronic pain, mental health conditions were associated with higher pain interference. Pain severity was higher among participants with mental health conditions, but only reached statistical significance for depression. Pain interference scores increased with a higher number of co-occurring mental health conditions.

Conclusions:

Among individuals stabilized on either buprenorphine or methadone, highly symptomatic and comorbid mental health distress is common and is associated with increased pain interference. Adequate screening for, and treatment of, mental health conditions in patients with OUD and Chronic pain is needed.
Discussion of “ASCE/SEI 41 assessment of reinforced concrete buildings: Benchmarking nonlinear dynamic procedures with empirical damage observations”
Authors: Maison Bruce , Chao Shih-Ho
Published: February 2024

This is a Discussion of the following article: Cook D., et al. (2023). ASCE/SEI 41 assessment of reinforced concrete buildings: Benchmarking nonlinear dynamic procedures with empirical damage observations, Earthquake Spectra, August 2023, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 1721–1754.
A building imagery database for the calibration of machine learning algorithms
Authors: Silva Vitor , Sousa Romain , Ribeiro Gouveia Feliz , Lopes Jorge , Guerreiro Maria Joao
Published: February 2024

In the last decades, most efforts to catalog and characterize the built environment for multi-hazard risk assessment have focused on the exploration of census data, cadastral data sets, and local surveys. Typically, these sources of information are not updated regularly and lack sufficient information to characterize the seismic vulnerability of the building stock. Some recent efforts have demonstrated how machine learning algorithms can be used to automatically recognize specific architectural and structural features of buildings. However, such methods require large sets of labeled images to train, verify, and test the algorithms. This article presents a database of 5276 building images from a parish in Lisbon (Alvalade), whose buildings have been classified according to a uniform taxonomy. This database can be used for the testing and calibration of machine learning algorithms, as well as for the direct assessment of earthquake risk in Alvalade. The data are accessible through an open Github repository (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7625940).
Altered platelet-megakaryocyte endocytosis and trafficking of albumin and fibrinogen in RUNX1 haplodeficiency
Authors: Del Carpio-Cano Fabiola , Mao Guangfen , Goldfinger Lawrence E. , Wurtzel Jeremy , Guan Liying , Alam Mohammad Afaque , Lee Kiwon , Poncz Mortimer , Rao A. Koneti
Published: February 2024

Platelet α-granules have numerous proteins, some synthesized by megakaryocytes (MK) and others not synthesized but incorporated by endocytosis, an incompletely understood process in platelets/MK. Germ line RUNX1 haplodeficiency, referred to as familial platelet defect with predisposition to myeloid malignancies (FPDMMs), is associated with thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and granule deficiencies. In previous studies, we found that platelet albumin, fibrinogen, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were decreased in a patient with FPDMM. We now show that platelet endocytosis of fluorescent-labeled albumin, fibrinogen, and IgG is decreased in the patient and his daughter with FPDMM. In megakaryocytic human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells, small interfering RNA RUNX1 knockdown (KD) increased uptake of these proteins over 24 hours compared with control cells, with increases in caveolin-1 and flotillin-1 (2 independent regulators of clathrin-independent endocytosis), LAMP2 (a lysosomal marker), RAB11 (a marker of recycling endosomes), and IFITM3. Caveolin-1 downregulation in RUNX1-deficient HEL cells abrogated the increased uptake of albumin, but not fibrinogen. Albumin, but not fibrinogen, partially colocalized with caveolin-1. RUNX1 KD resulted in increased colocalization of albumin with flotillin and fibrinogen with RAB11, suggesting altered trafficking of both proteins. The increased uptake of albumin and fibrinogen, as well as levels of caveolin-1, flotillin-1, LAMP2, and IFITM3, were recapitulated by short hairpin RNA RUNX1 KD in CD34+-derived MK. To our knowledge, these studies provide first evidence that platelet endocytosis of albumin and fibrinogen is impaired in some patients with RUNX1-haplodeficiency and suggest that megakaryocytes have enhanced endocytosis with defective trafficking, leading to loss of these proteins by distinct mechanisms. This study provides new insights into mechanisms governing endocytosis and α-granule deficiencies in RUNX1-haplodeficiency.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for adult metachromatic leukodystrophy: a case series
Authors: Riedel Andreas , Faul Christoph , Reuss Kristina , Schröder Jan C. , Lang Peter J. , Lengerke Claudia , Weissert Nadine , Hengel Holger , Gröschel Samuel , Schoels Ludger , Bethge Wolfgang A.
Published: February 2024

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants of the ARSA gene, leading to a deficiency of the arylsulfatase A enzyme (ARSA) and consecutive accumulation of galactosylceramide-3-0-sulfate in the nervous system. The condition leads to severe neurological deficits and subsequently results in profound intellectual and motoric disability. Especially, the adult form of MLD, which occurs in individuals aged >16 years, poses significant challenges for treating physicians because of the rarity of cases, limited therapeutic options, and different allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) protocols worldwide. Here, we report the results of allo-HCT treatment in 4 patients with a confirmed adult MLD diagnosis. Bone marrow or mobilized peripheral progenitor cells were infused after a reduced intensity conditioning regime consisting of fludarabine and treosulfan. In 3 patients, allo-HCT was followed by an infusion of mesenchymal cells to further consolidate ARSA production. We observed a good tolerability and an increase in ARSA levels up to normal range values in all patients. A full donor chimerism was detected in 3 patients within the first 12 months. In a 1-year follow-up, patients with complete donor chimerism showed a neurological stable condition. Only 1 patient with an increasing autologous chimerism showed neurological deterioration and a decline in ARSA levels in the first year. In summary, allo-HCT offers a therapeutic option for reconstituting ARSA enzyme levels in adult patients with MLD, with tolerable side effects.
Differential expression of mast cells in the small airways and alveolar septa of current smokers and patients with small airway disease and COPD
Authors: Eapen Mathew Suji , Lu Wenying , Dey Surajit , Chia Collin , Hardikar Ashutosh , Hassan Md Imtaiyaz , Bhattarai Prem , Gaikwad Archana Vijay , Das Shatarupa , Hansbro Philip M. , Singhera Gurpreet Kaur , Hackett Tillie-Louise , Sohal Sukhwinder Singh
Published: February 2024

Background

COPD patients suffer from dysregulated and suppressed immune functionality, determined by their loss of degranulating capacity. Here we provide crucial information on the presence of degranulated mast cells (MCs) in COPD airways and demonstrate their relationship to lung physiology and airway remodelling.

Methods

Small airway lung resections from non-smoking controls (NC), normal lung function smokers (NLFS), small airway disease (SAD), and mild-to-moderate COPD current smokers (COPD-CS) and ex-smokers (COPD-ES) were dual immuno-stained with MC tryptase and degranulation marker lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1. Total MCs, degranulating MCs and non-MCs were enumerated in small airway epithelium and subepithelium, and in alveolar septa.

Results

In the small airway wall subepithelial areas, COPD-CS and COPD-ES patients had significantly lower MCs than the NC group (p<0.05), although the numbers were considerably higher in the small airway epithelium (p<0.01). Degranulating non-MCs were higher in SAD (p<0.05) than in COPD in the small airway subepithelium. In contrast, there were significant increases in total MCs (degranulated and non-degranulated) and degranulated non-MCs in the alveolar septum of COPD patients compared with the NC group (p<001). The lower numbers of MCs in the subepithelium correlated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC (FEF25–75%), higher smoking rates in COPD patients, and increased small airway wall thickness and extracellular matrix. The increase in MCs in the alveolar septum negatively correlated with FEF25–75%.

Conclusions

This study is the first to assess the differential pattern of MC, degranulating MC and non-MC populations in the small airways and alveoli of COPD patients. The spatial positioning of the MCs within the airways showed variable correlations with lung function.
Measuring accuracy of International Classification of Diseases codes in identification of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Green O'Neil , Liautaud Sybille , Knee Alexander , Modahl Lucy
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a disease which is increasing in incidence and prevalence worldwide. The incidence of the disease is frequently estimated using databases that rely on International Classification of Diseases, ninth and tenth revisions, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM) discharge diagnoses. Code accuracy has proved to be a major issue for other diagnoses using ICD codes. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of the ICD codes for the diagnosis of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Methods

This is a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study which compares the radiologist's diagnosis of bronchiectasis with the ICD code reflection of that diagnosis at discharge.

Results

Sensitivities were 34% (same for both ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM windows) and specificities ranged from 69% for the ICD-9-CM window to 81% for ICD-10-CM window.

Conclusion

We observed that ICD codes are an insufficient method to identify patients with a radiologist diagnosis of bronchiectasis.
Efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in a Chinese population with severe asthma: a phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Chen Ruchong , Wei Liping , Dai Yuanrong , Wang Zaiyi , Yang Danrong , Jin Meiling , Xiong Cui , Li Ting , Hu Shuling , Song Jie , Chan Robert , Kumar Subramanya , Abdelkarim Azza , Zhong Nanshan
Published: February 2024

Background

In China, the prevalence of severe asthma with eosinophilic phenotype is rising, yet treatment options are limited. Mepolizumab is the first targeted biologic therapy for eosinophilic-driven disease in China. This study (clinicaltrials.gov identifierNCT03562195) evaluated efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in Chinese patients with severe asthma.

Methods

The phase III, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study enrolled patients aged ≥12 years with severe asthma, with two or more exacerbations in the previous year, and on inhaled corticosteroids plus at least one controller medication. Following a 1–4-week run-in, patients were randomised 1:1 to mepolizumab 100 mg or placebo subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 52 weeks. The primary end-point was annualised rate of clinically significant exacerbations (CSEs) through week 52. Secondary end-points were time to first CSE, frequency of CSEs requiring hospitalisation/emergency department visits or hospitalisation over 52 weeks, mean change in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score and pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at week 52; safety was evaluated.

Results

The modified intention-to-treat population included 300 patients. At week 52 with mepolizumabversusplacebo, annualised rate of CSEs was 65% lower (0.45versus1.31 events per year; rate ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.24–0.50; p<0.001); time to first CSE longer (hazard ratio 0.38, 95% CI 0.26–0.56; p<0.001) and number of CSEs requiring hospitalisation/emergency department visit lower (rate ratio 0.30, 95% CI 0.12–0.77; p=0.012). From baseline to week 52, SGRQ score improved (p=0.001) and pre-bronchodilator FEV1increased (p=0.006). Incidence of adverse events was similar between treatment groups.

Conclusion

Mepolizumab provided clinical benefits to patients with severe asthma in China and showed a favourable benefit–risk profile.
COPD Assessment Test and risk of readmission in patients with bronchiectasis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Juan , Chen Xiaoting , He Siqi , Li Jing , Ma Tianyuan , Liu Lu , Zhang Lei , Bu Xiaoning
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Readmission following bronchiectasis exacerbation is a common and challenging clinical problem and few simple predictive tools exist. The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is an easy-to-use questionnaire. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of CAT scores in determining the risk of readmission in patients with bronchiectasis exacerbation.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study in 106 bronchiectasis patients admitted with exacerbation. All patients completed the CAT at admission and at discharge. Patients were followed-up for 12 months to collect data on readmission. The area under the curve was used to measure the predictive value of CAT at admission, CAT at discharge and change in CAT for readmission due to bronchiectasis exacerbation.

Results

46 patients were readmitted for bronchiectasis exacerbation within 12 months. High CAT at admission was an independent risk factor for readmission within 12 months in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis (hazard ratio 3.201, 95% CI 1.065–9.624; p<0.038) after adjustment for confounding variables. The cut-off value of CAT at admission and CAT at discharge to predict 12-month readmission in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis was 23.5 (sensitivity 62.2%, specificity 83.6%) and 15.5 (sensitivity 52.2%, specificity 87.0%).

Conclusions

CAT at admission is a strong predictor of readmission in patients with bronchiectasis exacerbation.
Surveillance of the respiratory syncytial virus outside infancy: impact of testing methods, a retrospective observational study
Authors: Yin Nicolas , Van den Wijngaert Sigi , Wautier Magali , Martiny Delphine , Hallin Marie , Vandenberg Olivier
Published: February 2024

Background

The European Medicines Agency has approved several vaccines to protect the elderly against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. However, differences in performance between antigen and PCR tests, especially in adults, can make monitoring RSV difficult. This study aims to assess the impact of the chosen diagnostic methods on the surveillance of RSV.

Methods

RSV and influenza test results obtained from July 2022 to June 2023 in a consolidated clinical laboratory in Brussels, Belgium, were collected. These results included antigen tests, quadruplex PCR tests and viral cultures on respiratory samples. Epidemiological trends related to the age of patients and the diagnostic methods were analysed.

Results

Among 14 761 RSV tests, the overall number of positive tests for infants until 1 year of age peaked on 5 November 2022 (67 per 7 days) whereas it peaked on 22 December 2022 for adults (33 per 7 days). Positive antigen tests peaked on 7 November 2022 (56 per 7 days) whereas positive PCRs peaked on 19 December 2022 (36 per 7 days). Nevertheless, the positivity rate of RSV PCRs had peaked 1 month previously. Infants were mainly diagnosed through antigen testing, contrary to older patients. The influenza epidemic was probably the cause of the increased use of a quadruplex PCR, leading to a delayed increase in the absolute number of PCRs positive for RSV.

Conclusion

This study shows that the use of different diagnostic methods could lead to an erroneous representation of RSV epidemiology in adults due to the lack of sensitivity of antigen detection. RSV surveillance in the elderly should rely rather on molecular methods.
The role of GPR81–cAMP–PKA pathway in endurance training-induced intramuscular triglyceride accumulation and mitochondrial content changes in rats
Authors: Li Lin , Lai Xiangdeng , Ni Yihan , Chen Siyu , Qu Yaqian , Hu Zhiqiang , Sun Jingquan
Published: February 2024

The athlete's paradox phenomenon involves the accumulation of intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) in both insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive endurance athletes. Nevertheless, a complete understanding of this phenomenon is yet to be achieved. Recent research indicates that lactate, a common byproduct of physical activity, may increase the accumulation of IMTG in skeletal muscle. This is achieved through the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) leads to the suppression of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate–protein kinase A (cAMP–PKA) pathway. The mechanism accountable for the increase in mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle triggered by lactate remains incomprehensible. Based on current research, our objective is to explore the role of the GPR81-inhibited cAMP–PKA pathway in the aggregation of IMTG and the increase in mitochondrial content as a result of prolonged exercise. The GPR81–cAMP–PKA-signaling pathway regulates the buildup of IMTG caused by extended periods of endurance training (ET). This is likely due to a decrease in proteins related to fat breakdown and an increase in proteins responsible for fat production. It is possible that the GPR81–cAMP–PKA pathway does not contribute to the long-term increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and content, which is induced by chronic ET. Additional investigation is required to explore the possible hindrance of the mitochondrial biogenesis and content process during physical activity by the GPR81–cAMP–PKA signal.
Thermal gradient ring for analysis of temperature-dependent behaviors involving TRP channels in mice
Authors: Ujisawa Tomoyo , Lei Jing , Kashio Makiko , Tominaga Makoto
Published: February 2024

There are a lot of temperature-sensitive proteins including transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Some TRP channels are temperature receptors having specific activation temperatures in vitro that are within the physiological temperature range. Mice deficient in specific TRP channels show abnormal thermal behaviors, but the role of TRP channels in these behaviors is not fully understood. The Thermal Gradient Ring is a new apparatus that allows mice to freely move around the ring floor and not stay in a corner. The system can analyze various factors (e.g., ‘Spent time’, ‘Travel distance’, ‘Moving speed’, ‘Acceleration’) associated with temperature-dependent behaviors of TRP-deficient mice. For example, the Ring system clearly discriminated differences in temperature-dependent phenotypes between mice with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and TRPV1−/− mice, and demonstrated the importance of TRPV3 in temperature detection in skin. Studies using the Thermal Gradient Ring system can increase understanding of the molecular basis of thermal behaviors in mice and in turn help develop strategies to affect responses to different temperature conditions in humans.
A novel isatin Schiff based cerium complex: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking studies
Authors: Saad Heba E. , El-Reash Gaber M. Abu , gaber Mohamed , Hashem Mohamed A. , El-Reash Yasmeen G. Abou , Elamin Nuha Y. , Elamin Mohamed R. , El-Sayed Yusif S.
Published: February 2024

In this work, a novel isatin-Schiff base L2 had been synthesized through a simple reaction between isatin and 2-amino-5-methylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazole. The produced Schiff base L2 was then subjected to a hydrothermal reaction with cerium chloride to produce the cerium (III)-Schiff base complex C2. Several spectroscopic methods, including mass spectra, FT-IR, elemental analysis, UV–vis, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, Thermogravimetric Analysis, HR-TEM, and FE-SEM/EDX, were used to completely characterize the produced L2 and C2. A computer simulation was performed using the MOE software program to find out the probable biological resistance of studied compounds against the proteins in some types of bacteria or fungi. To investigate the interaction between the ligand and its complex, we conducted molecular docking simulations using the molecular operating environment (MOE). The docking simulation findings revealed that the complex displayed greater efficacy and demonstrated a stronger affinity for Avr2 effector protein from the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (code 5OD4) than the original ligand. The antibacterial activity of the ligand and its Ce3+ complex were applied in vitro tests against different microorganism. The study showed that the complex was found to be more effective than the ligand.
Genome-wide DNA N6-methyladenosine in Aeromonas veronii and Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Zhao Honghao , Ma Jiayue , Tang Yanqiong , Ma Xiang , Li Juanjuan , Li Hong , Liu Zhu
Published: February 2024

Background

DNA N6-methyladenosine (6mA), as an important epigenetic modification, widely exists in bacterial genomes and participates in the regulation of toxicity, antibiotic resistance, and antioxidant. With the continuous development of sequencing technology, more 6mA sites have been identified in bacterial genomes, but few studies have focused on the distribution characteristics of 6mA at the whole-genome level and its association with gene expression and function.

Results

This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the 6mA in the genomes of two pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas veronii and Helicobacter pylori. The results showed that the 6mA was widely distributed in both strains. In A. veronii, 6mA sites were enriched at 3’ end of protein-coding genes, exhibiting a certain inhibitory effect on gene expression. Genes with low 6mA density were associated with cell motility. While in H. pylori, 6mA sites were enriched at 5’ end of protein-coding genes, potentially enhancing gene expression. Genes with low 6mA density were closely related to defense mechanism.

Conclusions

This study elucidated the distribution characteristics of 6mA in A. veronii and H. pylori, highlighting the effects of 6mA on gene expression and function. These findings provide valuable insights into the epigenetic regulation and functional characteristics of A. veronii and H. pylori.
Nomogram for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications in spinal tumor patients
Authors: Zou Jingcheng , Luo Ge , Zhou Liwang , Wang Xuena , Wang Tingting , Gao Qi , Lv Tao , Xu Guangxin , Yao Yuanyuan , Yan Min
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Although several independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after spinal tumor surgery have been studied, a simple and valid predictive model for PPC occurrence after spinal tumor surgery has not been developed.

Patients and methods

We collected data from patients who underwent elective spine surgery for a spinal tumor between 2013 and 2020 at a tertiary hospital in China. Data on patient characteristics, comorbidities, preoperative examinations, intraoperative variables, and clinical outcomes were collected. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression models to assess predictors of PPCs and developed and validated a nomogram for PPCs. We evaluated the performance of the nomogram using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curves, the Brier Score, and the Hosmer–Lemeshow (H–L) goodness-of-fit test. For clinical use, decision curve analysis (DCA) was conducted to identify the model’s performance as a tool for supporting decision-making.

Results

Among the participants, 61 (12.4%) individuals developed PPCs. Clinically significant variables associated with PPCs after spinal tumor surgery included BMI, tumor location, blood transfusion, and the amount of blood lost. The nomogram incorporating these factors showed a concordance index (C-index) of 0.755 (95% CI: 0.688–0.822). On internal validation, bootstrapping with 1000 resamples yielded a bias-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.733, indicating the satisfactory performance of the nomogram in predicting PPCs. The calibration curve demonstrated accurate predictions of observed values. The decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated a positive net benefit for the nomogram across most predicted threshold probabilities.

Conclusions

We have developed a new nomogram for predicting PPCs in patients who undergo spinal tumor surgery.
Multi-omics sequencing revealed endostar combined with cisplatin treated non small cell lung cancer via anti-angiogenesis
Authors: Wang Yufei , Ren Hong
Published: February 2024

Background

Endostar, an anti-angiogenic drug, has been approved for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At present, endostar combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy has achieved ideal results in the treatment of some tumors, but there is a lack of application and study in NSCLC. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of endostar combined with cisplatin (EC) in NSCLC.

Methods

HE staining, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence, colony formation ability, and cell migration ability were used to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of EC. The expressions of FMOD, VEGF, FGF-2, and PDGF-B were detected by western blotting and qPCR. The target of combination therapy was analyzed by m6A sequencing and RNA sequencing. METTL3 knockdown and overexpressed A549 cells were constructed and co-cultured with HUVECs to further evaluate the effect of METLL3 on combination therapy.

Results

Combination therapy significantly reduced the colony formation and migration ability of NSCLC cells, induced cell apoptosis, and inhibited the tube formation ability of HUVECs. The results of m6A sequencing and RNA sequencing showed that the EC could down-regulate the expression level of FMOD in tumor tissues, which might be related to the reduction of its m6A methylation modification regulatory enzyme METTL3. Restricting FMOD expression could reduce the expression of FGF2, TGF-β1, VEGF and PDGF-B. Moreover, overexpression of METTLE almost abolished the anti-tumor effect of EC and promoted angiogenesis.

Conclusions

Endostar combined with cisplatin might exert anti-tumor effects by down-regulating the expression of METTL3 and FMOD.