bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arteriovenous Fistula Creation for Hemodialysis: Evaluation of Complications
Authors: Sarkar Motiur Rahman , Hosain Nazmul , Islam Moynul , Jamil Saffait , Hoque Muhammad Mahmudul
Published: April 2021

Background: Vascular access care is a classic example of multidisciplinary team work among nephrologists, vascular surgeons, duplex specialists, dialysis nurses and dialysis staff. The objectives of this study were to determine the complication of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis (HD) and to find out the role of duplex study for the management of fistula complications.

Methods: This was a prospective type of study done on 121 arteriovenous fistulas. All operations were done in different hospitals in Dhaka city. After duplex study of upper limb vessels, the site of fistula creation was determined. All Radio-cephalic, ulnar-basilic and brachiocephalic fistulas were done under local anesthesia. Other fistula of the series was done under brachial block. Immediate postoperative bruit, thrill and distal pulses were monitored. Fistulas were considered mature after at least 6 weeks of fistula creation with good visualization of arterialized vein and good thrill. Patients were advised to report if any complication arises.

Results: The most common fistula was Radio-cephalic fistulas (72.73%) and then Brachio-cephalic fistulas (19.84%). The left upper limb was the first choice for fistula creation as a non-dominant limb. Most fistula was created in left upper limb (76.86%). The most common complication was stenosis of arterialized veins (4.13%) and another type of stenosis was found at anastomotic site (2.48%). Second most common complication was cannulation site infections (3.31%). Another common type of infection was found at the site of fistula creation (2.48%). Thrombosis, aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm were identified as the most detrimental complications.

Conclusion: Arteriovenous fistula is an important issue for hemodialysis patient as the life line. Dialysis nurses and technician should have knowledge about antisepsis and potential complication of AVFs. Early diagnosis and early treatment prevent loss of vascular access and reduce serious morbidity and mortality. Both the patients and dialysis staffs should give highest care for the AVF to reduce the complications.

Bangladesh Heart Journal 2020; 35(2) : 100-105
Adherence to Anti- Hypertensive Medications among Patients in Selected Health Facilities of Nepal
Authors: Khadka Sushmita , Lamichhane Bikal , Maharjan Anjana , Bhardwaj Manisha , Jha Anushree , Bajracharya Milan
Published: April 2021

Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease and one of the most prominent modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. 7.6 million premature deaths are attributed to high blood pressure around the world. Better adherence with antihypertensive medications improves quality and length of life. This research focuses on the extent of adherence towards prescribed antihypertensive treatment, and identify factors influencing non-adherence.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was undertaken in various health care centers (2 primary health care center and 3 hospitals) of Nepal. A total of 348 individuals (age above 30) who suffered from hypertension visiting health institutes were included in the study. Adherence was calculated using Morisky Medication Adherence scale.Results: Adherence level to the antihypertensive medication as per the morisky adherence scale, 38.8% had medium level of adherence, 37.4% had a low adherence level, and 23.9% had a high adherence level among 348 participants. From the total participants, 89 admitted to be irregular in medication use. 56% of them claimed to do so because of forgetfulness, 12.4 % because of consistent exercise and low-salt diet, 10.1% due to the lack of affordability.Conclusions: Our study had concluded that the majority of participants had medium to low levels of adherence to anti-hypertensive drugs. Forgetfulness was major cause for irregular medication. Patient education and counseling, family support also seem to be important for proper adherence to drugs. Thus, health care providers should allocate ample time in educating, counseling clients and family.Keywords: Adherence; hypertension; medication; patients
Level of Exercise Participation in Individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury During Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Adhikari Shambhu Prasad , Adhikari Shraddha , Rana Chanda , Dev Rubee
Published: April 2021

Background: The outcome of exercises depends on participants’ level of exercise participation. We aimed to investigate the level of exercise participation in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation.Methods: All participants with traumatic spinal cord injury undergoing inpatient physiotherapy at a rehabilitation center were recruited. Participants with hearing/visual problems were excluded. Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale and Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale were used to evaluate exercise participation levels. One-way ANOVA and unpaired t-test were used to compare level of participation between groups. Pearson’s correlation and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate correlation and association. Results: Thirty-five participants with mean age 37.1 ± 11.7 years completed the study. Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale and Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale demonstrated a low level of exercise participation in 31.4 % and 42.9 % participants respectively. Participants with an incomplete injury had high exercise participation levels compared to complete injuries. There were significant group differences (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.8) between complete and incomplete injuries and among various levels of injuries. The level of exercise participation was significantly associated with injury levels and type (p < 0.001, Phi = 0.7 to 0.9). Conclusions: The exercise participation level was high for incomplete compared to complete injuries in Nepalese individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury. The demographic and socio-economical factors were not associated with level of exercise participation.Keywords: Exercise participation; rehabilitation; spinal cord injury
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Fasilitas dan Lokasi terhadap Keputusan Menginap di Hotel Travellers Suites Medan
Authors: Anwar Anwar , Putra Surya Hendra
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh tingkat pertumbuhan hotel di Medan yang tinggi yang tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan jumlah wisatawan yang seimbang. Hal ini tentu saja akan mempengaruhi jumlah pengunjung yang menginap di hotel.Hotel Travellers Suites Medan merupakan salah satu hotel yang terkena imbas dari ketidakseimbangan tersebut. Dapat dilihat dari terus turunnya jumlah pengunjung yang menginap di hotel ini sejak tahun 2015 s.d tahun 2019. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “ faktor – faktor apa yang mempengaruhi keputusan seseorang untuk menginap di Hotel Travellesr Suites Medan”. Yang secara khusus difokuskan pada tiga variabel yaitu kualitas pelayanan, fasilitas dan lokasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat mempelajari pengaruh tiga variabel tersebut dalam mempengaruhi keputusan menginap di Hotel Travellers Suites Medan.Setelah melakukan kajian literatur dan penyusunan hipotesis, data yang dikumpulkan memalui kuesioner pada 80 tamu Hotel Travellesr Suites Medan  yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik sampling sistematik. Kemudian dilakukan analisis data yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Analisis ini mencakup: validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi berganda, pengujian hipotesis melalui uji t dan F, dan analisis koefisien deter minasi ( R2 ). Dari analisis tersebut diperoleh analisis regresi:Y = 0,308 X1 + 0,284 X2 + 0,303 X3 Dimana variabel keputusan menginap (Y), kualitas pelayanan (X1), fasilitas (X2) dan Lokasi (X3) diuji menggunakan uji t menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel independen secara signifikan mempengaruhi keputusan menginap sebagai variabel dependen. Kemudian melalui uji F menunjukkan bahwa variabel kualitas pelayanan, fasilitas dan lokasi yang tepat untuk menguji variabel keputusan menginap. Angka Adjusted R square sebesar 0,473 menunjukkan bahwa bahwa 47,3 persen variabel keputusan menginap dapat dijelaskan melalui ketiga variabel independen dalam persamaan regresi. Sedangkan sisanya 52,7 persen dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar ketiga variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini
Profesionalisme Sebagai Pelayan Masyarakat Melalui Konsistensi Sikap Perilaku dan Penguatan Kompetensi Bidang Tugas Calon Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negera Peserta pelatihan Dasar Golongan II Provinsi Sumatera Selatan di Kota Palembang
Authors: Sugiastuti Sugiastuti
Published: April 2021

Melalui konsistensi sikap perilaku dan penguatan kompetensi bidang tugas Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil, agar dapat menjaga martabat dan kehormatan, memberikan penguatan dalam menjalankan tugas dengan jujur, bertanggung jawab dan berintegritas tinggi, memahami tugas dengan cermat dan disiplin, melaksanakan tugas layanan dengan sikap hormat, sopan dan tanpa tekanan. Konsistensi sikap perilaku dan penguatan kompetensi teknis bidang tugas  diukur menggunakan data hasil observasi sikap perilaku selama proses pembelajaran dan data penilaian penguatan bidang tugas dari penilaian atasan langsung selama penerapan nilai-nilai dasar di tempat kerja. Metode analisis menggunakan metode Analisis Manajemen Object. Hasil akhir konsistensi profesionalisme pelayanan kepada masyarakat mendapat nilai rata-rata dari 40 orang peserta 83,043 dengan kriteria dua (2) orang mendapat nilai sangat memuaskan, dan 38 orang mendapat nilai memuaskan. Dimana dari hasil rata-rata sikap perilaku  8,537 dan konsistensi kompetensi teknis bidang tugas mendapatkan penilaian rata-rata 17,390. Hasil pembahasan konsistensi sikap perilaku dan penguatan kompetensi teknis bidang tugas peserta Pelatihan Dasar Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil (CPNS) Golongan II Angkatan V Kota Palembang,  dapat membentuk CPNS profesional yang berkarakter  berdasarkan nilai- nilai dasar dan peran dan kedudukan PNS dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, serta menguasai bidang tugasnya yang menjadi tanggungjawabnya masing-masing, serta mampu melaksanakan tugas dan perannya secara profesional sebagai pelayan masyarakat.
Hak Waris Anak Dalam Kandungan Menurut Fikih Syafi’i Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Authors: Alfarisi Salman
Published: April 2021

Kompilasi Hukum Islam tidak mengatur hak waris anak dalam kandungan, sedangkan dalam literatur fikih klasik anak dalam kandungan merupakan ahli waris yang sah dan berhak mendapatkan bagian. Terjadinya kasus seorang meninggal dunia dan meninggalkan istri yang sedang hamil, kemudian kerabat suami meminta penetapan ahli waris di Pengadilan Agama, maka hal ini memicu kekosongan hukum karena belum adanya aturan yang terdapat dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hak waris anak dalam kandungan dan bagiannya serta perbandingan dan prospek ke masa depan sehingga tidak terjadi kekosongan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan Conseptual Approach. Pendekatan ini beranjak dari pandangan-pandangan serta doktrin-doktrin yang berkembang di dalam ilmu hukum. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di dalam Fikih Syafi’i anak dalam kandungan merupakan ahli waris dari orang tuanya dan kedudukannya sama dengan anak yang sudah lahir. Kompilasi Hukum Islam tidak mengatur hak waris anak dalam kandungan. Perbandingan hak waris anak dalam kandungan menurut Fikih Syafi’i dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam terletak pada pandangan hidupnya janin di dalam kandungan. Fikih Syafi’i memandang hidup terhadap janin dalam kandungan jika ada tanda-tanda kehidupan seperti gerak, sehingga janin tersebut berhak mendapat bagian. Kompilasi Hukum Islam memandang janin dalam kandungan tidak hidup sehingga janin tersebut tidak berhak menjadi ahli waris dan tidak berhak mendapat bagian. Untuk itu pemerintah harus tanggap dengan masalah kekosongan hukum mengenai kedudukan hak waris anak dalam kandungan dengan membuat peraturan mengenai hal kewarisan anak dalam kandungan yang dituangkan ke dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam sebagai pedoman yang dipakai untuk menyelesaikan perkara di Pengadilan Agama.
PENGARUH ANGGARAN KAS SEBAGAI ALAT PERENCANAAN DAN PENGENDALIAN TERHADAP TINGKAT LIKUIDITAS PADA TOKO KUE DAPUR AMIEN
Authors: Ariany Vince
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh anggaran kas, sebagai alat perencanaan dan pengendalian terhadap tingkat likuiditas pada Toko Kue Dapur Amien. Penelitian ini  menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Analisa dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data serta menganalisis tentang cara penggunaan anggaran kas untuk membuat perbandingan antara teori dengan praktek dan dituangkan untuk menerangkan suatu penjelasan dari angka-angka kemudian dijelaskan kembali dalam bentuk uraian bahasa prosa atau baku. Hasil penelitian ini menerima, anggaran kas sebagai alat perencanaan dan anggaran kas sebagai alat pengendalian secara bersama-sama memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap tingkat likuiditas.
Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Örgütü (KEİ) Örneğinde Bölgesel İşbirliği Örgütlerinin Etkileri ve Akdeniz Üzerine Değerlendirme
Authors: BAKAN Selahaddin , GÜVEN Mehmet Emin
Published: April 2021

Ekonomik işbirliği örgütlerinin, üye ülkelerine sağladığı siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel işbirliği alanlarının üye ülkeler arasındaki ilişkileri desteklemeye ve sürdürmeye yönelik katkıları, bölgesel ve küresel çapta önemli etkiler yaratmakta ve olumlu sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin öncülük ettiği girişimler sonucu kurulan Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Örgütü’nün; kuruluşu, amaçları ve hedefleri göz önünde bulundurularak örgüte üye durumunda bulunan ülkelerin arasında gerçekleşen ekonomik, siyasi ve sosyal ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisi ve örgütün bölgesel sorunların çözümüne yönelik yaptığı katkılar değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada, Türkiye’nin gerçekleştirilmesinde aktif rol üstlenerek katkıda bulunabileceği ve Akdeniz’e kıyısı olan ülkelerle oluşturulacak bir Akdeniz işbirliği örgütünün, yakın dönemde yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte bölgesel ve küresel aktörlerin doğrudan hedefi haline gelen, Akdeniz Havzası’nda bölge ülkelerinin ilişkileri üzerinde meydana getireceği düzenleyici etkiler ve bölgesel sorunların çözümüne ilişkin sağlayacağı katkılar değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Girişimcilik Niyeti ve Yaşam Doyumunun, Sosyal Zekâ Algısı Bağlamında İncelenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: BAKAN İsmail , AMIRLI Hamran
Published: April 2021

Çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal zekâ düzeylerinin girişimcilik niyetleri ve yaşam doyumları üzerindeki etkisinin tespit edilmesidir. Akdeniz Bölgesinde eğitim veren bir devlet üniversitesinin İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi son sınıfında eğitim gören öğrenciler araştırmanın evrenini oluştururken, araştırmanın örneklemini ise, söz konusu öğrencilerden basit tesadüfü yöntemle seçilen 303 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri anket tekniğiyle toplanmıştır. Veri toplayabilmek amacıyla Silvera vd., (2001) tarafından oluşturulan TROMSO sosyal zeka ölçeği, Linan ve Chen (2009) tarafından oluşturulan girişimcilik niyeti ölçeği ve Diener vd., (1985) tarafından oluşturulan yaşam doyumu ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Anket verilerinin analizi SPSS 21 Paket Programında yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları bölümünde, sırasıyla katılımcıların demografik özelliklerine ilişkin frekans dağılımlarına, faktör analizi sonuçlarına ve güvenirlilik analizi sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Katılımcıların sosyal zekâ düzeyleriyle girişimcilik niyeti ve yaşam doyumu algıları arasındaki ilişkiyi ve etkiyi belirlemek için ise Korelasyon ve Regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda sosyal zekâ alt boyutlarından sosyal bilgi süreci algısının girişimcilik niyeti ve yaşam doyumu üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu görülürken, sosyal zekânın bir diğer alt boyutu olan sosyal farkındalık ile girişimcilik niyeti ve yaşam doyumu arasında ise istatistiksel olarak herhangi bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir.
Conhecimento dos enfermeiros residentes sobre leitura e registro do indicador químico nos processos de esterilização de produtos para a saúde
Authors: Lima Thamires Nunes da Silva , Martins Tatiana de Gouvêa , Inácio Luiz Henrique da Silva , Oliveira Zaíne Melo de , Barbosa Ana Karoliny Costa , Gonçalves Raquel Calado da Silva , Sé Aline Coutinho Sento , Tonini Teresa
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento dos residentes de enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro a respeito da realização da leitura e registro do indicador químico utilizado no interior das caixas e pacotes de instrumentais cirúrgicos e produtos para a saúde. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com enfermeiros residentes da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Critérios de inclusão: ser enfermeiro e residente de enfermagem da UNIRIO com matrícula ativa. Utilizou-se um instrumento enviado por correio eletrônico. Os dados coletados foram categorizados e armazenados em planilha eletrônica do sistema Excel®. O perfil profissional da amostra foi descrito por frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis categóricas. Calculou-se a proporção de concordância dos enfermeiros residentes, no que diz respeito às afirmativas apresentadas no instrumento para análise deles.  (CAAE: 39525820.7.0000.5285). Resultados: responderam ao questionário 43 enfermeiros, com idade entre 25 e 28 anos, maioria do sexo feminino e formados entre 1 e 5 anos. Observou-se que 74% dos enfermeiros residentes consideraram-se capazes de realizar a leitura do indicador químico. Conclusão: conclui-se que os enfermeiros residentes possuem conhecimento e segurança para avaliar o resultado de um indicador químico tipo 5 ou 6 e sentem-se aptos a avaliá-lo.
Elaboração e caracterização sensorial de queijo Minas Padrão utilizando café durante o processo de maturação
Authors: Silva Luíz Guilherme Malaquias da , Souza Grazielle Pereira Reis de , Lahmann Ana Carolina Braga , Magalhães Alex Uzeda de , Carvalho Júlio Cesar de , Ramos Michelle Silva
Published: April 2021

Em busca de crescimento industrial, o mercado lácteo busca inovações como a combinação de alimentos alternativos, resultando em novos produtos, que atualmente conquistam a aceitação dos consumidores. Nesse contexto objetivou-se a elaboração de um queijo Minas Padrão, onde houve adição do café na superfície dos queijos, durante o processo de maturação. O queijo foi submetido a quatro tratamentos com café e água (Q2: 180g p/3L; Q3: 210g p/3L; Q4: 240g p/3L; Q5: Borra 200g p/½L) e um controle (Q1), por um período de 4 dias com temperatura controlada (4°C ± 1). Após o período de imersão os queijos foram retirados dos tratamentos e a maturação mantida até completar 20 dias e, posteriormente, foram analisados sensorialmente por 80 consumidores que avaliaram a aceitação e a atitude de compra dos novos produtos. Fazendo uso de uma escala hedônica de 9 pontos os queijos apresentaram boa aceitação, sem diferença significativa (p< 0,05) para os atributos aroma, cor, consistência, sabor e aspecto global, exceto pela aparência, com índices de aceitabilidade (IA%) superior a 70 %, sendo o Q2 com as maiores aceitações. Utilizado uma escala de atitude de 5 pontos para avaliar a intenção de compra, não verificou-se diferenças significativas (p<0,05), sendo seus valores acima do ponto indiferença (Q2: 4,40; Q3: 3,68; Q4: 3,57; Q5: 4,11). Portanto, o estudo demonstra relevância no novo processo de maturação para queijo Minas Padrão e indica o queijo Q2 como uma possibilidade diferenciada para o mercado lácteo.
Правова реформа у сфері національної безпеки України: теоретико-правовий аспект
Authors: ЗАГУМЕННА ЮЛІЯ
Published: April 2021

Метою статті є визначення через призму сучасної теоретичної юриспруденції та націобезпекознавства феномену правової реформи у сфері національної безпеки на прикладі сучасної України. Така реформа досліджена як інваріант правових реформ, який підпорядкований усім загальним закономірностям ініціювання, організації та проведення правової реформи як родового явища. З’ясовано, що така реформа постає як складне, багатогранне суспільне явище, яке відображає певний рівень загальнотеоретичної правової думки та націобезпекознавства, особливості правової науки, стану законодавчих і концептуальних розробок, на основі узагальнення яких можна розглянути її в різних аспектах.
Зроблено висновок, що правова реформа в галузі національної безпеки передбачає планомірні, науково обґрунтовані, суспільно прийнятні та виправдані зміни: 1) у законодавстві, що гарантує національну безпеку та захищає національні інте реси; 2) у структурі, організації та діяльності органів державної влади та інших суб’єктів, відповідальних за забезпечення національної безпеки, у системі їх функцій та повноважень, а також у способах (формах, методах) їх реалізації; 3) в якісному зміцненні стану захищеності всього масиву суспільних відносин, що центруються довкола національної безпеки та охоплюються об’єктом реформи, від зовнішніх і внутрішніх, реальних і потенційних загроз. Отже, реформа національної безпеки постає в єдності трьох компонентів: нормативно-правового (регулятивного), управлінського (суб’єктного) та об’єктного (зміна сфери суспільних відносин у галузі національної безпеки).
Доведено, що реформа національної безпеки має відбуватися у правовій площині, правовими засобами, із залученням тих конструктивних елементів і напрацювань, які зроблені в межах як загальнотеоретичної юриспруденції, так і галузевих правових наук. Виявлено, що з процесуального боку ця реформа є комплексом заходів, які ініціюються, організуються та проводяться уповноваженими суб’єктами забезпечення національної безпеки (як правило, вищими органами державної влади) відповідно до наявних суспільних потреб, призводять до суттєвих змін у нормативно-правовій, інституційній та/або функціональній підсистемах національної безпеки, що зумовлює якісно вищий рівень захисту національних інтересів від реальних і потенційних, внутрішніх та зовнішніх загроз. Натомість в інституційному сенсі така реформа має упорядкувати й раціоналізувати діяльність державного апарату, в усіх його необхідних складових, зі здійснення заходів, спрямованих на приведення всієї системи національної безпеки України у відповідність до суспільних потреб, забезпечення її інституційної спроможності постійно (безперервно), ефективно і своєчасно відповідати (реагувати) на виклики національним інтересам, активно й послідовно захищати ці інтереси як усередині держави, так і за кордоном тощо.
Noninvasive in vivo assessment of the skeletal muscle and small intestine serous surface microcirculation in rat: sidestream dark-field (SDF) imaging
Authors: Turek Z , Černý V , Pařízková R
Published: April 2021

The pathophysiology of microcirculation is intensively
investigated to understand disease development at the
microscopic level. Orthogonal polarization spectral (OPS) imaging
and its successor sidestream dark-field (SDF) imaging are
relatively new noninvasive optical techniques allowing direct
visualization of microcirculation in both clinical and experimental
studies. The goal of this experimental study was to describe basic
microcirculatory parameters of skeletal muscle and ileal serous
surface microcirculation in the rat using SDF imaging and to
standardize the technical aspects of the protocol. Interindividual
variability in functional capillary density (FCD) and small vessels
(<25 μm in diameter) proportion was determined in anesthetized
rats on the surface of quadriceps femoris (m. rectus femoris and
m. vastus medialis) and serous surface of ileum. Special custom
made flexible arm was used to fix the SDF probe minimizing the
pressure movement artifacts. Clear high contrast images were
analyzed off-line. The mean FCD obtained from the surface of
skeletal muscle and ileal serous surface was 219 (213-225
cm/cm2) and 290 (282-298 cm/cm2) respectively. There was no
statistically significant difference between rats in mean values of
FCD obtained from the muscle (P = 0.273) in contrast to ileal
serous surface, where such difference was statistically significant
(P = 0.036). No statistically significant differences in small
vessels percentage was detected on either the muscle surface
(P = 0.739) or on ileal serous surface (P = 0.659). Our study has
shown that interindividual variability of basic microcirculatory
parameters in rat skeletal muscle and ileum is acceptable when
using SDF imaging technique according to a highly standardized
protocol and with appropriate fixation device. SDF imaging
represents promising technology for experimental and clinical
studies.
Bone remodeling, particle disease and individual susceptibility to periprosthetic osteolysis
Authors: Gallo J , Raška M , Mrázek F , Petrek M
Published: April 2021

Bone remodeling is a tightly coupled process consisting of
repetitive cycles of bone resorption and formation. Both
processes are governed by mechanical signals, which operate in
conjunction with local and systemic factors in a discrete anatomic
structure designated a basic multicellular unit (BMU). The
microenvironment around total joint arthroplasty is a dynamic
and complex milieu influenced by the chemical and physical
stimuli associated with servicing the prosthesis. A key factor
limiting the longevity of the prosthesis is polyethylene wear,
which induces particle disease, and this may lead to increased
and prolonged activity of BMUs resulting in periprosthetic
osteolysis. Several pathways regulating BMU function have been
reported in the past, including RANKL/RANK/OPG/TRAF6,
TNF-α/TNFR/TRAF1, and IL-6/CD126/JAK/STAT. Moreover, the
expression and functional activity of all these molecules can be
affected by variations in their genes. These may explain the
differences in severity of bone defects or prosthetic failure
between patients with similar wear rates and the same
prosthesis. Simultaneously, this data strongly support the theory
of individual susceptibility to prosthetic failure.
Effects of endothelin-11-31 on cell viability and [Ca2+]i in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ren A-J , Yuan X , Lin L , Pan Y-X , Qing Y-W , Yuan W-J
Published: April 2021

We previously found that Endothelin-11-31 (ET-11-31) exhibited a
pro-arrhythmogenic effect in isolated rat hearts. In this study, we
further investigated the effects of ET-11-31 on a cell viability and
observed [Ca2+]i in cultured cardiomyocytes. Cultured neonatal
rat cardiomyocytes were treated with 0.1, 1, and 10 nM ET-11-31
for 24h in the presence or absence of ETA receptor antagonist
(BQ123) or phosphoramidon, a NEP/ECE inhibitor. Cell injury was
evaluated by supernatant lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay,
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA)
content. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. [Ca2+]i was
measured with Fluo-3/AM under a laser confocal microscope. 1)
ET-11-31 dose-dependently increased LDH release and decreased
cell viability. 2) LDH and MDA levels were significantly elevated
and SOD activity decreased after administration of 1 nM ET-11-31
for 24h, and these changes were markedly attenuated by 1 uM
BQ123. 3) Exposure to 10 nM ET-11-31 caused a continuous increase
in [Ca2+]i to cultured beating cardiomyocytes and termination of
[Ca2+]i transient within 6 min, and this change was reversed by 1
uM BQ123 and attenuated by 0.5 mM phosphoramidon. These
results suggest that ET-11-31 could cause cell injury, and that the
effect of ET-11-31 on [Ca2+]i transients is mainly mediated by ETA
receptor and partially attributed to the conversion of ET-11-31 to
ET-11-21.
Overweight and decreased baroreflex sensitivity as independent risk factors for hypertension in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Krontorádová K , Honzíková N , Fišer B , Nováková Z , Závodná E , Hrstková H , Honzík P
Published: April 2021

We studied the relationship between blood pressure (BP), body
mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS,
ms/mmHg) in adolescents. We examined 34 subjects aged
16.2±2.4 years who had repeatedly high causal BP (H) and
52 controls (C) aged 16.4±2.2 years. Forty-four C and 22 H were
of normal weight (BMI between 19-23.9), and 8 C and 12 H were
overweight (BMI between 24-30). Systolic BP was recorded beatto-beat for 5 min (Finapres, controlled breathing 0.33 Hz). BRS was determined by the cross-spectral method. The predicting power of BMI and BRS for hypertension was evaluated by
sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating curve (ROC - plot of
sensitivity versus specificity). H compared with C had lower BRS
(p<0.01) and higher BMI (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression
analysis (p<0.001) revealed that a decreased BRS (p<0.05) and
an increased BMI (p<0.01) were independently associated with
an increased risk of hypertension. No correlation between BMI
and BRS was found either in H or in C. Following optimal critical
values by ROC, the sensitivity, specificity and area under ROC
were determined for: BMI - 22.2 kg/m2, 61.8 %, 69.2 %, 66.0 %; BRS - 7.1 ms/mmHg, 67.7 %, 69.2 %, 70.0 %; BMI and BRS - 0.439 a.u., 73.5 %, 82.7 %, and 77.3 %. Decreased BRS
and overweight were found to be independent risk factors for
hypertension.
Aural Aesthetics: The Poetics of Sound and Meaning in the Qurʾān
Authors: Moqbel Tareq
Published: April 2021

This article explores the aural aesthetics of the Qurʾān. It observes different ways in which the acoustic qualities of the Qurʾān reflect meaning and considers how the rules of reciting the Qurʾān function in communicating Qurʾānic guidance. Through examining a number of Qurʾānic verses that exhibit a noteworthy conflation of sound and meaning, the article attempts to shed light on the role of Qurʾānic sound patterns in Qurʾānic exegesis, and argues that paying attention to the acoustic value of words and sentences can open up further interpretive possibilities.
ALTERNATIF SITE PLAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KELAYAKAN PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN X DI KOTA BATU
Authors: Sitti Safiatus Riskijah  , Susapto  , Suselo Utoyo
Published: April 2021

Proyek Pembangunan Perumahan X yang dibangun diatas lahan seluas 267.303,9 m2 memerlukan perencanaan site plan yang baik dan memenuhi peraturan yang berlaku untuk meningkatkan keuntungan perusahaan. Investasi terhadap perumahan memerlukan biaya yang banyak dan waktu yang lama, oleh karena itu diperlukan analisis kelayakan finansial guna mengetahui apakah investasi pembangunan Perumahan X ini layak atau tidak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi site plan eksisting, merencanakan 2 alternatif site plan, mengetahui kelayakan finansial dari 3 site plan yang ditinjau, dan memilih site plan yang terbaik secara finansial.Data yang diperlukan adalah site plan kondisi existing. basic design rumah, Analisa Harga Satuan Pekerjaan, Harga Satuan Dasar Kota Batu tahun 2017, biaya lahan, dan biaya perijinan. Analisis site plan eksisting berdasarkan PERMENPERA No. 11 tahun 2008, PERDA Kota Batu No. 7 tahun 2011, dan PERWALI Kota Batu No. 43 tahun 2017. Analisis kelayakan finansial menggunakan parameter Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa site plan A, B, dan C sudah cukup memenuhi persyaratan yang berlaku. Kelayakan finansial dengan konsep site plan A, B, dan C sudah memenuhi kriteria kelayakan dengan parameter PP < periode investasi dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 5,37 tahun, 5,22 tahun, dan 5,42 tahun, NPV > 0 dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar Rp 58.614.912.810, Rp 77.882.006.896, dan Rp 52.343.746.589, dan BCR > 1 dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 1,058, 1,075, dan 1,052, sedangankan dengan parameter IRR hanya site plan B yang layak yaitu dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 27,004%, 32,801% > MARR (30%), dan 24,322%. Ratio). Dengan demikian Site Plan B merupkan site plan yang terbaik secara finansial.
WNT Ligand Dependencies in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Aguilera Kristina Y. , Dawson David W.
Published: April 2021

WNT signaling promotes the initiation and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) through wide-ranging effects on cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, stemness, and tumor microenvironment. Of therapeutic interest is a genetically defined subset of PDAC known to have increased WNT/β-catenin transcriptional activity, growth dependency on WNT ligand signaling, and response to pharmacologic inhibitors of the WNT pathway. Here we review mechanisms underlying WNT ligand addiction in pancreatic tumorigenesis, as well as the potential utility of therapeutic approaches that functionally antagonize WNT ligand secretion or frizzled receptor binding.
A Bifunctional Nanosilver-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensing
Authors: Chanarsa Supakeit , Jakmunee Jaroon , Ounnunkad Kontad
Published: April 2021

A bi-functional material based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite for both electrode modification and signal generation is successfully synthesized for use in the construction of a label-free electrochemical immunosensor. An AgNPs/rGO nanocomposite is prepared by a one-pot wet chemical process. The AgNPs/rGO composite dispersion is simply cast on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to fabricate the electrochemical immunosensor. It possesses a sufficient conductivity/electroreactivity and improves the electrode reactivity of SPCE. Moreover, the material can generate an analytical response due to the formation of immunocomplexes for detection of human immunoglobulin G (IgG), a model biomarker. Based on electrochemical stripping of AgNPs, the material reveals signal amplification without external redox molecules/probes. Under optimized conditions, the square wave voltammetric peak current is responded to the logarithm of IgG concentration in two wide linear ranges from 1 to 50 pg.ml−1 and 0.05 to 50 ng.ml−1, and the limit of detection (LOD) is estimated to be 0.86 pg.ml−1. The proposed immunosensor displays satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity. Importantly, detection of IgG in human serum using the immunosensor shows satisfactory accuracy, suggesting that the immunosensor possesses a huge potential for further development in clinical diagnosis.
Mechanisms Underlying Pneumococcal Transmission and Factors Influencing Host-Pneumococcus Interaction: A Review
Authors: Morimura Ayumi , Hamaguchi Shigeto , Akeda Yukihiro , Tomono Kazunori
Published: April 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae (also called pneumococcus) is not only a commensal that frequently colonizes the human upper respiratory tract but also a pathogen that causes pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. The mechanism of pneumococcal infection has been extensively studied, but the process of transmission has not been fully elucidated because of the lack of tractable animal models. Novel animal models of transmission have enabled further progress in investigating pneumococcal transmission mechanisms including the processes such as pneumococcal shedding, survival in the external environment, and adherence to the nasopharynx of a new host. Herein, we present a review on these animal models, recent research findings about pneumococcal transmission, and factors influencing the host-pneumococcus interaction.
Seismic Hazard Function Mapping Using Estimated Horizontal Crustal Strain Off West Coast Northern Sumatra
Authors: Triyoso Wahyu , Sahara David P.
Published: April 2021

A seismic hazard study and analysis of the megathrust source off the west coast of North Sumatra, Indonesia, were conducted based on the estimated horizontal crustal strain using the surface displacement data. This area was selected due to the availability of pre- and co-seismic Global Positioning System (GPS) data for the 2005 Nias–SimeulueMw8.6 event. This study aimed to estimate the seismic hazard function (SHF), which is expressed as peak ground acceleration (PGA) versus probability of exceedance (PE), for a 500 years return period using GPS data. The source area model of theMw8.6 event is determined based on the co-seismic GPS data. The horizontal crustal strain of the source area is estimated using least square prediction employing local covariance functions based on the horizontal displacement data. TheMw8.6 return period is estimated by dividing the sum of the co-seismic seismic moment by the pre-seismic seismic moment based on GPS data. The seismicity rate model above a magnitude of completeness is then estimated assuming theb-value of 1 obtained on the previous study’s earthquake catalog data in the region. We show that the SHF based on the study area’s horizontal crustal strain is higher than the one based on earthquake catalogs and estimated geological sliprate data. This discrepancy is associated with the static stress increase (Coulomb failure stress, CFS) of about 0.25 bar imparted by the 2004 AcehMw9.1 event that occurred in the north of the study region. We interpreted that the increase of the SHF was due to the increase in the region’s stress load, which was well documented by the GPS data.
Chronological Analysis and Remote Sensing of Craters on the Surface of Mars
Authors: Howari Fares M. , Sharma Manish , Xavier Cijo M. , Nazzal Yousef , AlAydaroos Fatima
Published: April 2021

In the present research, we carried out detailed chronological and compositional analyses along with detailed spectral analysis of three unnamed craters on the surface of Mars. Knowledge on chronology/age analysis and compositional analysis of Mars’ surface is essential for future manned and unmanned missions. The study area is near the landing site of previous landed missions, which could be used for future landing. The area is interesting to be studied because of its high elevation in the northeastern side and low elevation in the southern side, consisting of three major geological boundaries, i.e., Hesperian, Noachian, and Amazonian, which are further subdivided into fourteen units. Chronological investigations were carried out using the active machine learning approach and Craterstats 2.0 software, which revealed the age plot of 3.09 ± 0.04 Ga for Amazonian, 3.63 ± 0.0 Ga for Hesperian, and 3.73 ± 0.0 Ga for Noachian geological units, stating that N(1) craters’ density corresponds to the early Amazonian, early Hesperian, and late Noachian/early Hesperian periods according to the established crater density boundaries, respectively. Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)-derived browse products are used for the compositional study of the surface characteristics of Mars. A spectral investigation was performed on an unnamed crater belonging to the Amazonian period, which showed to be majorly composed of oxides as the primary mineral, indicating the spectra of hematite, boehmite, and akaganeite. A Hesperian unit-unnamed crater shows the signature of monohydrated sulfates, melilite, illite, and kaolinite minerals in the region. For the unnamed crater 3, which belongs to the Noachian period, it has diagnostic absorptions of clay minerals in their extracted spectra, indicating the sign of long-term water–rock interactions in the period. Derived chronology results and compositional studies of craters help in better understanding the geological formation units of Mars’ surface.
Efficacy, Safety, and Economics of Innovative Medicines: The Role of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Managed Entry Agreements in Practice and Policy
Authors: Fens Tanja , van Puijenbroek Eugène P. , Postma Maarten J.
Published: April 2021

Through the years, solutions for accelerated access to innovative treatments are implemented in models of regulatory approvals, yet with limited data. Besides efficacy data, providing adequate safety data is key to transferring conditional marketing authorization to final marketing authorization. However, this remains a challenge because of the restricted availability and transferability of such data. Within this study, we set up a challenge to analyze the answers of two questions. First, from regulatory bodies' point of view, we bring the question of whether multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an adequate tool for further improvement of health technology assessment (HTA) of innovative medicines. Second, we ask if managed entry agreements (MEAs) pose solutions for facilitating the access to innovative medicines and further strengthening the evidence base concerning efficacy and effectiveness, as well as safety. Elaborating on such challenges brought us to conclude that increasing the attention to safety in MCDAs and MEAs will increase the trust of the authorities and improve the access for the manufacturers and the early availability of safe and effective medicines for the patients.
Biogenesis of RNA Polymerases in Yeast
Authors: Garrido-Godino Ana I. , Gutiérrez-Santiago Francisco , Navarro Francisco
Published: April 2021

Eukaryotic RNA polymerases (RNA pols) transcriptional processes have been extensively investigated, and the structural analysis of eukaryotic RNA pols has been explored. However, the global assembly and biogenesis of these heteromultimeric complexes have been narrowly studied. Despite nuclear transcription being carried out by three RNA polymerases in eukaryotes (five in plants) with specificity in the synthesis of different RNA types, the biogenesis process has been proposed to be similar, at least for RNA pol II, to that of bacteria, which contains only one RNA pol. The formation of three different interacting subassembly complexes to conform the complete enzyme in the cytoplasm, prior to its nuclear import, has been assumed. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, recent studies have examined in depth the biogenesis of RNA polymerases by characterizing some elements involved in the assembly of these multisubunit complexes, some of which are conserved in humans. This study reviews the latest studies governing the mechanisms and proteins described as being involved in the biogenesis of RNA polymerases in yeast.
The Potential Role of Protein Kinase R as a Regulator of Age-Related Neurodegeneration
Authors: Martinez Nicolás W. , Gómez Felipe E. , Matus Soledad
Published: April 2021

There is a growing evidence describing a decline in adaptive homeostasis in aging-related diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), many of which are characterized by the appearance of non-native protein aggregates. One signaling pathway that allows cell adaptation is the integrated stress response (ISR), which senses stress stimuli through four kinases. ISR activation promotes translational arrest through the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and the induction of a gene expression program to restore cellular homeostasis. However, depending on the stimulus, ISR can also induce cell death. One of the ISR sensors is the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase R (PKR)], initially described as a viral infection sensor, and now a growing evidence supports a role for PKR on CNS physiology. PKR has been largely involved in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathological process. Here, we reviewed the antecedents supporting the role of PKR on the efficiency of synaptic transmission and cognition. Then, we review PKR’s contribution to AD and discuss the possible participation of PKR as a player in the neurodegenerative process involved in aging-related pathologies affecting the CNS.
“Himalayan Bridge”: A New Unstable Suspended Bridge to Investigate Rodents' Venturesome Behavior
Authors: Festucci Fabiana , Buccheri Clelia , Parvopassu Anna , Oggiano Maurizio , Bortolato Marco , Laviola Giovanni , Curcio Giuseppe , Adriani Walter
Published: April 2021

While both risk-taking and avoidant behaviors are necessary for survival, their imbalanced expression can lead to impulse-control and anxiety disorders, respectively. In laboratory rodents, the conflict between risk proneness and anxiety can be studied by using their innate fear of heights. To explore this aspect in detail and investigate venturesome behavior, here we used a “Himalayan Bridge,” a rat-adapted version of the suspended wire bridge protocol originally developed for mice. The apparatus is composed of two elevated scaffolds connected by bridges of different lengths and stability at 1 m above a foam rubber-covered floor. Rats were allowed to cross the bridge to reach food, and crossings, pawslips, turnabouts, and latencies to cross were measured. Given the link between risky behavior and adolescence, we used this apparatus to investigate the different responses elicited by a homecage mate on the adolescent development of risk-taking behavior. Thus, 24 wild-type (WT) subjects were divided into three different housing groups: WT rats grown up with WT adult rats; control WT adolescent rats (grown up with WT adolescents), which showed a proclivity to risk; and WT rats grown up with an adult rat harboring a truncated mutation for their dopamine transporter (DAT). This latter group exhibited risk-averse responses reminiscent of lower venturesomeness. Our results suggest that the Himalayan Bridge may be useful to investigate risk perception and seeking; thus, it should be included in the behavioral phenotyping of rat models of psychiatric disorders and cognitive dysfunctions.
Perceptual Asymmetries and Auditory Processing of Estonian Quantities
Authors: Kask Liis , Põldver Nele , Lippus Pärtel , Kreegipuu Kairi
Published: April 2021

Similar to visual perception, auditory perception also has a clearly described “pop-out” effect, where an element with some extra feature is easier to detect among elements without an extra feature. This phenomenon is better known as auditory perceptual asymmetry. We investigated such asymmetry between shorter or longer duration, and level or falling of pitch of linguistic stimuli that carry a meaning in one language (Estonian), but not in another (Russian). For the mismatch negativity (MMN) experiment, we created four different types of stimuli by modifying the duration of the first vowel [ɑ] (170, 290 ms) and pitch contour (level vs. falling pitch) of the stimuli words (‘SATA,’ ‘SAKI’). The stimuli were synthesized from Estonian words (‘SATA,’ ‘SAKI’) and follow the Estonian language three-way quantity system, which incorporates tonal features (falling pitch contour) together with temporal patterns. This made the meaning of the word dependent on the combination of both features and allows us to compare the relative contribution of duration and pitch contour in discrimination of language stimuli in the brain via MMN generation. The participants of the experiment were 12 Russian native speakers with little or no experience in Estonian and living in Estonia short-term, and 12 Estonian native speakers (age 18–27 years). We found that participants’ perception of the linguistic stimuli differed not only according to the physical features but also according to their native language, confirming that the meaning of the word interferes with the early automatic processing of phonological features. The GAMM and ANOVA analysis of the reversed design results showed that the deviant with longer duration among shorter standards elicited a MMN response with greater amplitude than the short deviant among long standards, while changes in pitch contour (falling vs. level pitch) produced neither strong MMN nor asymmetry. Thus, we demonstrate the effect of language background on asymmetric perception of linguistic stimuli that aligns with those of previous studies (Jaramillo et al., 2000), and contributes to the growing body of knowledge supporting auditory perceptual asymmetry.