bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor dystocia and oxytocin augmentation before or after six centimeters cervical dilatation, in nulliparous women with spontaneous labor, in relation to mode of delivery
Authors: Brüggemann Cecilia , Carlhäll Sara , Grundström Hanna , Blomberg Marie
Published: February 2022

Background: The effects of diagnosing and treating labor dystocia with oxytocin-infusion at different cervical dilatations are not fully evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether cervical dilatation at diagnose of dystocia and initiation of oxytocin-infusion was associated with mode of birth, obstetric complications and women’s birthing experience.Method: A retrospective cohort study, performed in a low cesarean section setting, included 588 nulliparous term women with spontaneous onset of labor and dystocia requiring oxytocin augmentation. The study population was divided into three groups according to cervical dilatation at diagnose of dystocia and initiation of oxytocin-infusion (≤5 cm, 6-10 cm, fully dilated) with mode of birth as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were obstetrical and neonatal complications and women´s experience of childbirth. The risk of operative birth was assessed using binary logistic regression with suitable adjustments (maternal age, body mass index and risk assessment at admission to the labor ward). The 6-10cm group was set as reference. Results: Cesarean section was performed in 12% in the ≤5 cm group, 6% in the 6-10 cm group and 0% in the fully dilated group (p<.001), with no differences in the instrumental birth rates (11-14%, p=.569). There was no increased risk for operative birth (cesarean and vacuum) in the ≤5 cm group compared to the 6-10 cm group, adjusted OR 1.28 (0.78-2.08). The fully dilated group had a decreased risk of operative birth (adjusted OR 0.48 95% CI 0.27-0.85). The rate of a negative birthing experience was high in all groups (28.5%, 19% and 18% ) and the risk was increased among women in the ≤5 cm group compared with the 6-10 cm group, adjusted OR 1.76 (95% CI 1.05-2.95). Conclusions: Women with dystocia requiring oxytocin augmentation diagnosed in second stage of labor had an increased chance of spontaneous vaginal birth compared with women requiring oxytocin augmentation in the late first stage of labor. No differences were shown between early and late active phase of first stage of labor concerning operative birth. Although, women with dystocia requiring oxytocin augmentation at ≤5 cm cervical dilatation seemed to have an increased risk of a negative birth experience.
Energy Efficient Solar Photovoltaic System
Authors: Awasthi Meenakshi
Published: February 2022

Photovoltaic panels gather solar power and transform it into electricity. Solar cells are adjusted at a fixed angle making them less efficient. Solar cell’s competence could be enhanced through designing a tracking system that automatically changes the spot of the PV panels in line with the movement of the sun. A solar tracking system traces both axis which is elevation and azimuth, a two-axis tracking system hold more solar intensity by tracing the motion of the sun in all flanks. The motive of project is to make our solar panels more efficient with the help of a tracking system including an Arduino controller, two motors with the arrangement of the gearbox mechanical structure rotate the solar cell next to sun, so that the sun's rays can stay aligned with the solar cell, all the sensors attached to adjacent sides of the module, using these sensors the system of tracking the sun makes a lot of sense and all helps to determine the precise spot of the Phoebus. The solar collector changes direction according to the intensity calculation. As the temperature of solar panels increase its overall efficiency decreases. Therefore, for this we add a device which is capable of cooling the panels. We add one more device to protect the battery from overcharging and from fluctuation of power generated by solar panels. We add IOT to determine the power output from solar and control the panel manually. It also helps to solve problem of asset management.
Global transportation infrastructure exposure to the change of precipitation in a warmer world
Authors: Liu kai , Wang Qianzhi , WANG Ming , Koks Elco
Published: February 2022

Transportation infrastructures are generally designed to have multi-decadal service lives. The design of transport infrastructure, however, is largely based on historical conditions. Yet in the face of global warming, climatic variables are likely going to have more intense and frequent extreme events, and this would put infrastructures at severe risk. In this study, we undertake a comprehensive analysis of the exposure of transportation infrastructure assets to changes in precipitation return periods globally. Under RCP8.5, 44.45%/58.64% (1.5oC/2.0oC) of the transportation assets will experience a reduction in the return period ratio of more than 25%. Eastern North America, Northern Western Europe, Central Europe and East Asia experience the highest absolute exposure to changes in precipitation return periods, mainly attributed to their dense transportation networks. We recommend considering future climate change effect during transportation infrastructure design process by introducing a design amplification factor, which is a more robust variable compared to return period change ratio.
The association of long-term calcium and dairy products intake in adolescence with carotid intima media thickness and metabolic syndrome in early adulthood: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: AkbarySedigh Assa , Asghari Golaleh , Mahdavi Maryam , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: February 2022

Background: Calcium could impact on vascular functions and structures and cause atherosclerosis. Thus, we aimed to examine the association of long-term calcium and dairy products intake in adolescence with cIMT and MetS in early adulthood.Methods: We considered 217 adolescents aged 12-18 years in the frame work of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2009) and follow-up them to early adulthood (2015-2017). The valid food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Ultrasound examination was used to measure common carotid artery. The joint interim statement and cook et al criteria were used for adults and adolescents to consider MetS, respectively. Results: Adolescents’ average calcium intake from dairy and non-dairy sources were 395 mg/d and 1088 mg/d, respectively while adults had 212 mg/d and 1191 mg/d. In addition, the mean of cIMT in adults was 0.54 mm. There was no relationship of non-dairy (β: -0.03; P=0.804), and total calcium (β: -0.001; P=0.591) intake with cIMT and TG. None of the dairy products had link with cIMT, MetS and its components, except cream with cIMT after full adjustment of potential confounders (β:0.245; P=0.009). Also, we found that the intake of non-dairy products could increase DBP after controlling for potential confounders (β:0.365; P=0.012). Adolescence with higher quartiles of total calcium intake had no odds ratio of MetS in early adulthood (β:2.05, P=0.371).Conclusions: Adolescence calcium and dairy products intake, with the exception of cream did not increase early adulthood cIMT and MetS and its components.
Work-related stress and associated factors among employees of Hawassa industrial park, southern Ethiopia: an institutional-based cross-sectional study.
Authors: sime yohannes , Hailesillassie Hailemariam , Alenko Arefayne
Published: February 2022

Background: Work-related stress (WRS) is becoming an alarmingly growing public health concern worldwide. Due to globalization and changes in working conditions, people in low-income countries face growing WRS. However, despite high prevalence globally, WRS among industrial park workers is not well studied in Ethiopia.Thus; the aim of this study was to assess work-related stress and associated factors among employees of Hawassa industrial park, southern Ethiopia.Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed among 419 employees of Hawassa industrial park using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by face-to-face interview. A workplace stress scale (WPSS) was used to assess work-related stress. The collected data were coded and entered into EPI data 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors. The statistical significance was considered at P-value <0.05.Result: The Overall prevalence of work-related stress was 47.5%, 95% CI (43.2, 52.1). Variables such as temporary employment [AOR=0.41, 95% CI (0.26-0.64)], poor working condition [AOR = 2.12, 95% CI (1.32-3.43)], work experience <21/2yr [AOR = 3.11, 95% CI (1.95-4.96)], poor learning opportunity [AOR= 1.82, 95% CI (1.10-2.30)], poor organizational support [AOR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.10-2.62)], current use of khat [AOR = 2.52, 95% CI (1.28-4.99)] and current use of alcohol [AOR = 2.27, 95% CI (1.44-3.58)] were significantly associated with work-related stress.Conclusion and recommendation: The study found high prevalence of work-related stress among employees of Hawassa industrial park. Temporary employment, poor working conditions, work experience <21/2 years, poor learning opportunities, poor organizational support, current khat use, and current use of alcohol were significantly associated with work-related stress. Our study finding is recommending enhancing stress management skills and primary prevention on identified risk factors to industry employees.
Overexpression of Heat Shock Protein 90α in Canine Mammary Tumors.
Authors: Bhardwaj Himalaya , Kumar B V Sunil , Singh Chanchal , Gupta Kuldip , Kumar Ashwani , Singh Digvijay
Published: February 2022

Canine mammary gland tumor is the most patronize and dangerous type of tumor diagnosed by histopathology and requires a surgical approach. Hsp90α, a member of the heat shock protein-90 family that found to be over-expressed in breast cancer. However, biological function is unknown in the canine mammary tumor. So, we focused on studying the expression of hsp90AA1 and protein in canine mammary tumor (CMT) tissue. Expression of hsp90AA1 mRNA and protein were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. High levels of hsp90AA1 mRNA expression (4.613 ± 0.49 times) were observed in CMT compared to age and breed-matched healthy controls. Further, expression of hsp90α protein was detected in paraffin-embedded mammary tumor tissues from the same subjects by IHC. A high level of hsp90α expression was scored in 75% of the CMT subjects. Moreover, no significant differences in IHC score and qRT-PCR score with respect to CMT histotypes were observed, indicating that Hsp90AA1 over-expression occurred irrespective of CMT types or grades.
The Association of Metabolic Syndrome with the Initiation of Antidepressive Agents: Real-World Data Analysis of Administrative Claims and Health Examinations
Authors: Imaizumi Takahiro , Toda Takuya , Maekawa Michitaka , Sakurai Daisuke , Hagiwara Yuta , Yoshida Yasuko , Ando Masahiko , Maruyama Shoichi
Published: February 2022

Depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are correlated, leading to an increased healthcare burden and decreased productivity. We aimed to investigate the associations of medical conditions, including MetS and lifestyle, with depression, using a health checkup and claims database. Individuals aged 18–64 years who underwent health examinations between 2014 and 2019 were enrolled in the study. Among 81,269 participants, “ever” and “incident” antidepressant users exhibited worse metabolic profiles and underwent more prevalent cancer-related hospitalization than “never” users. In a nested case-control study with a 1:10 ratio of incident users to controls, MetS (odds ratio, 1.29 [95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.54]); “quicker” (0.69 [0.59–0.81]) and “late” eating speed (1.25 [1.07–1.46]), as compared with “normal”; poor sleep (1.41 [1.25–1.60]); “sometimes” (0.85 [0.73–0.98]) and “everyday” drink (0.78 [0.66–0.92]), as compared with “rarely drink”; and hypnotic (1.97 [1.47–2.64]), anxiolytic (3.55 [2.79–4.51]), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (1.65 [1.18–2.32]) use were associated with incident antidepressant use. A bodyweight increase >10 kg from age 20 years (1.29 [1.14–1.46]) was also significantly associated with incident antidepressant use. In conclusion, metabolic abnormalities, hospitalization records, and lifestyle information can be useful in identifying populations at high risk of depression.
SHED-derived Exosomes Ameliorate Hyposalivation Caused by Sjögren Syndrome via Akt/GSK-3β/Slug-mediated ZO-1 Expression
Authors: Du Zhihao , Wei Pan , Jiang Nan , Wu Liling , Ding Chong , Yu Guangyan
Published: February 2022

Objective: To explore the therapeutic role and mechanism of exosomes obtained from the supernatant of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-exos) in sialadenitis caused by Sjögren syndrome (SS).Methods: SHED-exos were administered to the submandibular glands (SMGs) of 14-week-old nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model of the clinical phase of SS, by local injection or intraductal infusion. The saliva flow rate was measured after pilocarpine intraperitoneal injection in 21-week-old NOD mice. Protein expression was examined by Western blot analysis. Exosomal miRNAs were identified by microarray analysis. Paracellular permeability was evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance measurement.Results: Local injection of SHED-exos significantly increased saliva secretion and alleviated lymphocytic infiltration in the SMGs of NOD mice. The injected SHED-exos could be taken up by glandular epithelial cells and increased ZO-1 expression. Moreover, SHED-exos increased paracellular permeability, whereas this effect disappeared in ZO-1 knockout cells and reappeared in ZO-1-rescued cells. Furthermore, 180 exosomal miRNAs were identified from SHED-exos, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that the PI3K/Akt pathway might play an important role. SHED-exos treatment induced the downregulation of p-Akt/Akt, p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, and Slug and the upregulation of ZO-1 in SMGs and SMG-C6 cells. Both the increased ZO-1 expression and paracellular permeability induced by SHED-exos were abolished by IGF1, a PI3K agonist. In addition, Slug bound to the ZO-1 promoter and suppressed its expression. For safer and more effective clinical application, SHED-exos were intraductally infused into the SMGs of NOD mice, and saliva secretion was increased and accompanied by decreased levels of p-Akt/Akt, p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, and Slug and increased ZO-1 expression.Conclusion: Local application of SHED-exos in SMGs can ameliorate Sjögren syndrome-induced hyposalivation by increasing the paracellular permeability of glandular epithelial cells through Akt/GSK-3β/Slug pathway-mediated ZO-1 expression.
What does not kill you makes you peaceful: non-lethal fungal infection could reduce aggression towards strangers in ants
Authors: Csata Eniko , Casacci Luca , Ruther Joachim , Bernadou Abel , Heinze Jürgen , Marko Balint
Published: February 2022

Many parasites interfere with the behaviour of their hosts. In social animals, such as ants, parasitic interference can cause changes on the level of the individual and also on the level of the society. The ant-parasitic fungus Rickia wasmannii influences the behaviour of Myrmica ants by expanding the host’s nestmate recognition template, thereby increasing the chance of the colony accepting infected non-nestmates. Infected ants consistently show an increase of the alkane tricosane (n-C23) in their cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Although experimental application of single compounds often elicits aggression towards manipulated ants, we hypothesized that the increase of n-C23 might underlie the facilitated acceptance of infected non-nestmates. To test this, we mimicked fungal infection in M. scabrinodis by applying synthetic n-C23 to fresh ant corpses and observing the reaction of infected and uninfected workers to control and manipulated corpses. Infected ants appeared to be more peaceful towards infected but not uninfected non-nestmates. Adding n-C23 to uninfected corpses resulted in reduced aggression by uninfected ants. This supports the hypothesis that n-C23 acts as a “pacifying” signal. Parasitic interference with the nestmate discrimination of host ants might eventually change colony structure by increasing genetic heterogeneity and thus might significantly affect social evolution.
Requirement of cholesterol for calcium-dependent vesicle fusion by stabilizing synaptotagmin-1-induced membrane bending
Authors: Park Yongsoo , Moussa Houda Yasmine , Shin Kyung Chul , Tong Yongfeng , Mansour Said , Kim Soo Jin Soo Jin , Ryu Je-Kyung
Published: February 2022

Cholesterol is essential for neuronal activity and function. Cholesterol depletion in the plasma membrane impairs synaptic transmission. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol deficiency leads to defects in vesicle fusion remain poorly understood. Here we show that cholesterol is required for Ca2+-dependent fusion using the in-vitro reconstitution of vesicle fusion, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and amperometry to monitor exocytosis in chromaffin cells. Purified native vesicles were crucial for the complete reconstitution of physiological Ca2+-dependent fusion, whereas vesicle-mimicking liposomes failed to reproduce the cholesterol effect. Intriguingly, cholesterol had no effect on membrane insertion of synaptotagmin-1, a Ca2+ sensor for ultrafast fusion. Cholesterol stabilizes local membrane bending induced by synaptotagmin-1 insertion, thereby lowering the energy barrier for Ca2+-dependent fusion to occur. Our data provide evidence that cholesterol depletion abolishes Ca2+-dependent vesicle fusion by disrupting synaptotagmin-1-induced membrane bending, and suggests that cholesterol is a master regulator for Ca2+-dependent fusion.
High strain rate characterisation of soda-lime-silica glass and the effect of residual stresses
Authors: Meyland Martin Jensen , Nielsen Jens Henrik
Published: February 2022

A ring-on-ring test configuration for the equibiaxial flexural testing of flat samples was developed and integrated into a novel modified split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) setup. The established modifications enabled the application of high-speed cameras for fracture assessment and non-contact displacement measurements using stereo digital image correlation (stereo-DIC). In the present paper, this setup was utilised to characterise the flexural surface strength and stiffness (Young's modulus) of circular, as-received soda-lime-silica glass samples at high strain rates. The effect of residual stresses was also studied by including thermally tempered glass samples divided into four residual stress groups. Despite the frequent application of glass products in the built environment, often post-processed into tempered or laminated glass, these investigations are still rare and thus highly demanded when designing for extreme events such as extreme weather, ballistic impacts, or blast loads. A total of 315 samples were tested at a quasi-static and a dynamic loading rate ranging from 2.0 MPa s -1 to 4.2·10 6 MPa s -1 . It was found that the flexural strength of the glass across residual stress groups was strongly dependent on the applied dynamic loading rate, while the residual stresses themselves showed no significant effect on the loading rate dependency. At the dynamic loading, the strength increased between 60 and 86 %. Within the two tested loading rates, strength increased expectedly with compressive surface stress. From the stereo-DIC displacement measurements, no change in Young's modulus with loading rate was observed.
Factors Associated With Compliance to the Recommendations for Postpartum Diabetes Mellitus Screening Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yahav Lior , Salem Shimrit Yaniv , Sandler-Rahat Hadar , Baumfeld Yael , Kaul Kamal , Weintraub Adi Yehuda , Eshkoli Tamar
Published: February 2022

Objective: Since women with GDM have an increased risk to develop type 2 DM, a 75g OGTT is recommended 6-12 weeks postpartum for all women with GDM. However, screening rates remain low. The aim of this study was to find factors affect the rate of postpartum DM screening.Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study between 2016 and 2017 at the Soroka Medical Center, comparing women with GDM who underwent postpartum DM screening test to those who didn't. Results: 257 women who had a diagnosis of GDM and met the inclusion criteria were included. 53 (20.6%) had a postpartum DM screening test and 204 (79.4%) did not complete the postpartum DM screening.Women who underwent a DM screening postpartum were more likely to be older, with significantly higher rates of vacuum assisted delivery, more likely to be diagnosed with GDMA2 as compared to GDMA1 during pregnancy and, with high probability of receiving recommendations for screening at a postpartum visit. Conclusions: The rates of postpartum DM screening for women with GDM are low and need to increase. Age greater than 25, vacuum delivery, GDMA2 and having received a recommendation for postpartum screening increased the likelihood of undergoing a postpartum DM screening.
Stress–strain and acoustic emission characteristics of cement-based materials used to simulate soft rock with fractures
Authors: Liu Handong , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Shiying , Feng Lingyun , Qiu Lei
Published: February 2022

Instability failure in rock mass engineering is closely related to the expansion of joint fissures. In this study, uniaxial compression tests and acoustic emission (AE) measurements were simultaneously carried out on soft rock-like material with different angle and connectivity of fractures to better understand their influence on soft rock-like deformation and failure. The stress– strain curve and AE signal of fractured soft rock-like material exhibit similar stages as intact soft rock; namely a compaction stage, elastic deformation stage, stable fracture development stage, and unstable fracture development stage. The main differences occur within the post-peak failure stage. Under the combined influence of fracture angle and connectivity, the uniaxial compressive strength of fractured soft rock-like material (f'cu) is lower than that of the intact soft rock-like material (fcu) to varying degrees and can be described as f'cu =fcu• α , where α is the strength reduction coefficient, fitted as α = 0.8228 + 0.00411x―0.00789y. In this equation, x is the fracture angle (°) and y is the fracture connectivity rate (%). Under uniaxial compression, secondary cracks caused by the deformation and failure of the fractured soft rock-like specimens mainly included wing cracks and secondary coplanar cracks. The specimen with a fracture angle of 30° mainly underwent tensile failure under loading, whereas the specimens with 45° and 60° fracture angle mainly underwent shear failure under high-connectivity conditions (45%).
Temporal trajectories of human brown and white adipocyte progenitors at single cell resolution
Authors: Palani Nagendra , Timshel Pascal , Folkertsma Pytrik , Grønning Alexander , Henriksen Tora , Peijs Lone , Jensen Verena , Hvid Karolina , Sun Wenfei , Jespersen Naja , Wolfrum Christian , Pers Tune , Nielsen Søren , Scheele Camilla
Published: February 2022

Adipose tissue type and distribution are major determinants of metabolic disease, warranting investigations of depot-defining mechanisms. Here we show that progenitor cells from four human brown and white adipose depots separate into two main cell fates, a metabolic and a structural branch, during early differentiation at single cell resolution. The metabolic cell type expresses Adiponectin and is driven by an adipogenic transcriptional network including PPARG. Halfway through maturation, these cells have a brown adipocyte signature regardless of adipose depot origin. The structural cell type arises from the same progenitors as the metabolic cell type but expresses extracellular matrix factors and is driven by a competing osteoblast transcription factor network. The metabolic adipocyte gene signature associates with traits for fat distribution. In conclusion, we provide a seamless differentiation map of human adipocytes, providing an insight in the WAT browning process and a long-term perspective of cell-type specific targeting of metabolic disease.
Transient production of Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants induces specific antibodies in immunized mice
Authors: Ceballo Yanaysi , López Alina , González Carlos E. , Ramos Osmany , Andújar Iván , Martínez Ricardo U. , Hernández Abel
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has currently affected millions of people around the world. To combat the rapid spread of COVID-19 there is an urgent need to implement technological platforms for the production of vaccines, drugs and diagnostic systems by the scientific community and pharmaceutical companies. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cells by the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) present in the viral surface spike protein and its human receptor ACE2. The RBD protein is therefore considered as the target for potential subunit-based vaccines. Here, we evaluate the use of Nicotiana benthamiana plants as the host to transiently-producing RBDr protein. The identity of the plant-produced RBDr was confirmed by immune assays and mass spectrometry. Immunogenicity was confirmed through the specific antibodies generated in all of the immunized mice compared to the PBS treated group. These findings support the use of plants as an antigen expression system for the rapid development of vaccine candidates.
Prenatal Hand Expression of Breastmilk to Help Increase Breastfeeding Initiation and Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates
Authors: Chen Sally , Liu Angela , Washio Yukiko , Herrine Gail
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe objective of this study is to assess whether antenatal hand expression at 39 gestational weeks helps increase patient confidence and skill with hand expression and increases initiation and exclusive breastfeeding rates.MethodsIn this IRB-approved study, patients were consented at 34-39 weeks gestation and taught by an IBCLC to hand express, collect, and store colostrum and record output. Starting at 39 weeks gestation, participants were asked to practice hand expression 1-3 times/day until delivery. A postpartum survey assessed patient satisfaction with hand expression and opinions on breastfeeding self-efficacy. Chart review of postpartum or well-baby visit notes determined whether patients continued exclusively breastfeeding.ResultsOf the 29 participants who delivered at Temple, 21/29 (72%) were exclusively breastfeeding on discharge, and only 11/29 (38%) reported exclusively breastfeeding at postpartum or well-baby visits. Barriers to the practice include maternal discomfort, low milk supply, and maternal and infant illness. Of the participants who completed the postpartum survey, 90% initiated breastfeeding and 72% reported hand expressing at home. They felt overall satisfied (8.1/10, ±1.62) with prenatal hand expression and stated that it was helpful in breastfeeding initiation (8.8/10, ±1.69).ConclusionsPrenatal hand expression starting as late as 39 gestational weeks still increased initiation and exclusive breastfeeding rates from 12% in the study period to 72% in the study group. Recognizing and addressing hand expression barriers during late pregnancy may help to further improve exclusive breastfeeding rates.
Molecular evidence of rat bocavirus among rodents in Peninsular Malaysia.
Authors: MOHD-AZAMI Siti Nurul Izzah , LOONG Shih-Keng , KHOO Jing-Jing , SAHIMIN Norhidayu , LIM Fang-Shiang , HUSIN Nurul Aini , MAHFODZ Nur Hidayana , MOHD-TAIB Farah Shafawati , ISHAK Siti Nabilah , MAKEPEACE Benjamin L. , ABUBAKAR Sazaly
Published: February 2022

Rat (RBoV) and rodent (RoBoV) bocaviruses have previously been detected in Rattus norvegicus, however these viruses have not been reported in the rodent populations of Malaysia. We investigated the presence of RBoV and RoBoV in a cohort of archived rodent specimens. DNA barcoding of the rodent cytochrome c oxidase gene identified five different species, including; Rattus tanezumi R3 mitotype, Rattus tiomanicus, Rattus exulans, Rattus argentiventer and Rattus tanezumi sensu stricto. Three spleens were positive for RBoV (1.84%; 3/163) and no RoBoV was detected. Phylogenetic analyses of the partial non-structural protein 1 gene grouped the Malaysian RBoV strains together with RBoV strains from China. Further study among rats in different geographical locations hence is warranted for this relatively new virus.
Synthesis and characterization of tetraphenylammonium salts
Authors: Fujita Hikaru , Sasamoto Ozora , Kobayashi Shiori , Kitamura Masanori , Kunishima Munetaka
Published: February 2022

The phenyl (Ph) group is a representative substituent in the field of organic chemistry as benzene (the parent molecule) is of fundamental importance. Simple Ph-substituted compounds of common chemical elements are well known. However, extensive structural characterization of tetraphenylammonium (Ph4N+) salts has not been reported. Herein, the synthesis of Ph4N+ salts and their characterization data including the 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and the single-crystal X-ray structure have been presented. An intermolecular radical coupling reaction between an aryl radical and a triarylammoniumyl radical cation was conducted to synthesize the target moieties. The Ph4N+ salts described herein are the simplest tetraarylammonium (Ar4N+) salts known. The results reported herein can potentially help access the otherwise inaccessible non-bridged Ar4N+ salts, a new class of rigid and sterically hindered organic cations.
Expression and significance of miR-155 during embryo implantation
Authors: Lu Jin-Chun
Published: February 2022

Background
miRNAs are considered to be one of the important molecules involved in the regulation of multiple physiological functions of endometrium such as proliferation and decidualization, angiogenesis, immune regulation, adhesion and invasion. miR-155 is closely related to the occurrence of some diseases such as inflammation, tumor metastasis and immunity. In view of the extreme similarity in immune escape, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation and invasion between embryo implantation and tumorigenesis, we studied the role of miR-155 in embryo implantation.
Methods
Human endometrial tissues and decidual tissues were collected, and the mouse models of early pregnancy were constructed. The expression levels of miR-155 were analyzed by quantitative PCR.
Results
The expression levels of miR-155 in decidual tissues were significantly lower than that of endometrial tissues in the middle secretory stage (P < 0.05). The results of mouse models showed that the endometrial decidualization progressed gradually with the increase of gestational days, and that the expression levels of miR-155 in endometrial tissues decreased gradually with the increase of gestational days (P < 0.05). On day 5 of pregnancy, the expression levels of miR-155 in endometrial tissues of embryo implantation sites were significantly lower than that in inter-implantation sites (P < 0.05). The amount of embryo implantation in the uterus injected by mmu-miR-155 agomir was significantly lower than that by normal control agomir (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
During the embryo implantation of early pregnancy, the expression level of miR-155 in endometrial tissues decreased significantly with the increase of pregnancy time, which may be related to endometrial decidualization.
Reverse Transposition Of The Ileum Is A New Surgical Model For The Study Of The «Hindgut" Hypothesis In Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sevastyanov Leonid , Turgunov Yermek , Faure Jean-Pierre , Shestakov Dmitriy
Published: February 2022

Background. The study reports on a newly developed experimental surgical technique for studying the role of the ileum in diabetes mellitus, tested in healthy outbred white rats without obesity. Despite the generally accepted positive effect of metabolic operations in type 2 diabetes mellitus, there are several theories, based on the opposite hormonal mechanisms, explaining these positive changes. The combined actions of these hormones, as well as their balance resulting in normal glucose metabolism, are under discussion. Aim. To develop and study the possibility of reverse transposition of the small intestine for investigating the role of the ileum in diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The idea behind the reverse transposition model proposed by us consists in the incomplete rotation of the small intestine after transection and a new reversible (antiperistaltic) arrangement of the entire intestinal tube. To create a model, outbred white rats, identical in all parameters, were randomly selected. The animals were divided into two groups: Group I – the rats that underwent reverse transposition of the small intestine; Group II – the rats, in which pseudo-operations were performed. Both groups were monitored for body weight, fasting plasma glucose levels and blood glucose level after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results. We did not obtain significant differences in the surgery duration, body weight of the animals and fasting blood glucose levels, as well as after OGTT in the studied groups. Conclusion. The reverse transposition technique proposed by us is feasible. The anatomical changes obtained during the operation suppose early contact of the chyme with the terminal portion of the small intestine, and the reverse position of the intestine causes a longer passage of a bolus in a distant direction, which presumably may cause changes in nutrient absorption, as well as in the release of ileal hormones (incretins) affecting glucose metabolism.
In vivo optogenetics reveals control of cochlear electromechanical responses by supporting cells
Authors: Lukashkina Victoria , Levic Snezana , Simões Patricio , Xu Zhenhang , DiGuiseppi Joseph , Zuo Jian , Lukashkin Andrei , Russell Ian
Published: February 2022

Cochlear sensitivity, essential for communication and exploiting the acoustic environment, is due to the sensory-motor outer hair cells (OHCs) that operate in the structural scaffold of supporting cells and extracellular spaces in the cochlear organ of Corti (OoC). It is unclear whether supporting cells (e.g., Deiters cells [DCs] and outer pillar cells [OPCs]) control cochlear sensitivity in vivo. Here we employed optogenetics to measure in vivo sound-induced cochlear mechanical and electrical responses, and ex vivo light-induced DC electrical responses in the OoC of mice that conditionally expressed channelrhodopsins (ChR2) specifically in DCs and OPCs. Illumination activated a nonselective ChR2 cation conductance and depolarized the DCs. This transient action reversibly blocked continuous, normally occurring, minor adjustments of tone-evoked basilar membrane displacements, and OHC voltage responses to tones at and close to their characteristic frequency, and speeded recovery from temporary acoustic desensitization. This is the first direct evidence for the interdependency of the structural, mechanical, and electrochemical arrangement of OHCs and OoC supporting cells which together fine control cochlear sensitivity.
Fluid-rock interaction and fluid mixing in the large Furong tin deposit, South China: New insights from tourmaline and apatite chemistry and in situ B-Nd-Sr isotope composition
Authors: Chen Shao-Cong , Yu Jin-Jie , Bi Min-Feng , Lehmann Bernd
Published: February 2022

The Furong tin deposit (South China) is genetically associated with the multiphase Qitianling batholith that consists of main-phase and minor, but more fractionated, late-phase granites. Several tourmaline and apatite generations are distinguished. Tourmaline (Tur) variants comprise pre-ore Tur-1 as disseminations and nodules in the late-phase granite, pre- to syn-ore Tur-2 as replacements in nodules and as veins crosscutting the late-phase granite and nodules, syn-ore Tur-3 in tin greisens, pre- to syn-ore Tur-4 as veins in the altered main-phase granite, and syn-ore Tur-5 from tin skarns in a distinct Ca-rich environment. Apatite (Ap) generations include accessory Ap-G in the main-phase granite, and Ap-I to Ap-III from three stages related to skarn-type mineralization (garnet-diopside stage-I, pargasite-phlogopite-cassiterite stage-II, and sulfide-rich stage-III). Textural and compositional features suggest that all tourmaline variants are hydrothermal in origin with alkali and schorl to foitite composition and minor extensions to calcic and X-site vacant tourmaline groups, whereas all apatite generations belong to fluorapatite with Ap-G crystallizing from the magma and Ap-I to Ap-III being hydrothermal in origin. The narrow range of tourmaline δ11B values (–14.8 to –10.4‰) suggests a single magmatic boron source in the ore-forming fluids. The similar rare earth element patterns and εNd(t) values (–8.2 to –5.9 for Ap-G and –8.0 to –7.3 for Ap-I) between magmatic and hydrothermal apatite indicate that the skarn-forming fluids are dominantly derived from granites. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of Ap-I to Ap-III (0.70733–0.70795) are similar to the carbonate wall rocks, but distinctly different from the more radiogenic granites, indicating Sr exchange with carbonate rocks. Integrating previous H-O isotopic data, the tourmaline and apatite elemental and B-Sr-Nd isotope results suggest that the greisen-type ore formed by interaction of B-, Na-, Li-, Zn-, and Sn-rich magmatic fluids with the late-phase granite in a closed and reduced feldspar-destructive environment, whereas the tin skarns resulted from mixing of magmatic fluids with meteoric water and interaction with the carbonate wall rocks in an open system where oxygen fugacity changed from reduced to oxidized conditions. During fluid-rock interactions and fluid mixing, considerable Ca, Mg, V, Ni, and Sr from the host rocks were introduced into the ore system. Coupled hydrothermal minerals such as tourmaline and apatite have great potential to fingerprint the nature, source, and evolution of fluids in granite-related ore systems.
Perancangan Alat Bantu Pembelajaran Mata Pelajaran Pkn Untuk Anak Pdd-Nos
Authors: Eileen Florean Gunawan  , Flonetta Felling  , Natassya Winoto  , Narima Safira Imantiani  , Tashia Oktavia Tanu Wijaya  , Devanny Gumulya  , Eunike Puspawidjaja
Published: February 2022

Berangkat dari permasalahan yang timbul akibat kegiatan belajar mengajar berubah menjadi pembelajaran daring, hal ini membawa pengaruh bagi semua orang tanpa terkecuali anak penderita PDD-NOS. Metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dari masing-masing mata pelajaran pun harus ikut menyesuaikan. Oleh karena itu, dalam perancangan kali ini, penulis menspesifikasikan perancangan pada media belajar untuk mata pelajaran PKN. Dalam proses perancangannya, penulis menemukan beberapa hal yang menjadi dasar dari perancangan produk ini salah satunya adalah karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh penyandang PDD-NOS antara lain, mudah terdistraksi dengan hal-hal kecil, cenderung memiliki masalah komunikasi dan hubungan sosial. Produk ini dirancang menggunakan beberapa aspek visual yang disesuaikan dengan penyandang PDD-NOS menurut para ahli, seperti penggunaan warna-warna pastel dengan kontras rendah; tipografi yang mudah dibaca dan tidak bersifat dekoratif; tata kalimat yang sederhana; serta pemberian contoh dan bersifat repetitif. Dengan mengadaptasi dari metode pengajaran yang sudah ada yaitu DTT (Discrete Trial Training) pada perancangan produk tersebut, didapatkan beberapa aspek penting yang menjadi dasar kerja sistematis produk rancangan, antara lain: isyarat, perintah, respon, konsekuensi, dan jarak waktu antar instruksi. Peneliti mengadaptasi permainan ular tangga untuk dijadikan sebagai media utama pembelajaran PKN dengan tambahan media digital (dalam bentuk aplikasi perangkat gawai) sebagai alat bantu visual. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mendorong anak agar lebih giat belajar dengan metode yang mereka gemari.
Desain Produk Jam Tangan Berbahan Baku Bonggol Jagung
Authors: Erian Dwi Alfath  , Andry Masri
Published: February 2022

Proyek desain pada tulisan ini adalah perancangan produk jam tangan dengan memanfaatkan karakteristik bonggol jagung sebagai bahan baku. Tujuan dari desain yang dilakukan adalah menghasilkan produk jam tangan dengan bahan baku bonggol jagung agar diperoleh nilai kebaruan yang didasari dari karakteristik material. Tujuan desain dicapai melalui pendekatan eksperimen terhadap material dengan menggunakan mesin-mesin sederhana, seperti gurinda, mesin amplas dan peralatan lain. Melalui penelitian ini diperoleh kebaruan dari karakteristik bonggol jagung sehingga dihasilkan produk yang unik dan kreatif. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan adanya sebuah potensi dari bonggol jagung untuk dijadikan sebuah produk olahan bonggol jagung dengan sebuah kebaruan. Pada akhir proyek ini diperoleh sebuah produk fashion berupa jam tangan dengan memanfaatkan salah satu karakteristik dari material bonggol jagung.
Representaciones sociales y violencia de género: caso resguardo indígena Cañamomo-Lomaprieta, Riosucio Caldas
Authors: Narváez Jonnathan Harvey , Jurado Carol Dayana
Published: February 2022

En este artículo se presenta un análisis de las representaciones sociales frente a la violencia contra la mujer en el resguardo indígena Cañamomo Lomaprieta, en Riosucio, Caldas. Dicho análisis se desarrolla a partir de la propuesta de Abric (2001), quien establece que las representaciones se organizan estructuralmente en un núcleo central y unos elementos periféricos, y que es la identificación de esta estructura la base para analizar y comprender la representación social. La investigación se realizó bajo el paradigma cualitativo, siguiendo un enfoque histórico hermenéutico y un tipo de estudio de teoría fundamentada, con 60 mujeres entre los 20 y 70 años, pertenecientes a la asociación de mujeres del territorio. Los resultados del estudio indican 4 representaciones sociales: toda forma de violencia de género nace a partir de la no valoración de las mujeres en el territorio, la violencia de género se forja en el hogar, ante la violencia de género contra la mujer en el territorio es más oportuno quedarse callada y las mujeres que son permisivas con la violencia son culpables de esta.
Learning activities using videos to strengthen intercultural competence in higher education students
Authors: Cano John , Ricardo Barreto Carmen , Mizuno Haydar Jorge , Llinas Solano Humberto
Published: February 2022

The use of properly designed educational videos has proven effective in strengthening intercultural competence in higher education. In this article, we present the results of an investigation whose objective was to determine the characteristics of learning activities that use videos to promote the development of the intercultural competence of students of virtual courses. The study was carried out using a mixed approach in which quantitative and qualitative techniques were used for data collection and analysis. The results showed that the significant changes in students occurred when the activities were based on videos that presented different situational and real contexts, promoting cultural knowledge, critical reflection and experiential analysis. The role of the teacher is paramount in the design of activities and in their role as facilitator and guiding them.
Reseña del libro Corbin, A. (2020): Terra Incognita. Une histoire de l’ignorance. París: Albin Michel
Authors: Urteaga Eguzki
Published: February 2022

Reseña del libro CORBIN, A. (2020): Terra Incognita. Une histoire de l’ignorance. París: Albin Michel.
Dimensionality on the Mayor of Surakarta`S (2016-2021) Javanese Covid-19 Posters
Authors: Burhanudin Hanif , Sumarlam Sumarlam , Rakhmawati Ani
Published: February 2022

The research aimed to describe dimensions of the Mayor of Surakarta’s (2016-2021) Javanese COVID-19 posters. The research design was qualitative with Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) paradigm. The research data were the two Javanese COVID-19 posters retrieved from the Mayor of Surakarta’s (2016-2021) Instagram account. Data were analyzed in three stages: (1) Analyzing linguistically by paying attention to textual and linguistic elements, (2) Analyzing its discourse process, and (3) Analyzing by examining the sociocultural context. This research finds three dimensions: (1) textual dimension; those posters are constructed by the Javanese language with a persuasive-educative form. Also, there is a relationship between consumers and producers that are interwoven in power and cultural relations. (2) Discourse practice dimension, the process of production, distribution, and consumption, shows that the poster is produced and distributed directly by the ruling institution through social media and is intended to be consumed by Surakarta’s citizens. Also, there are intertextual refers to the central government regulations. (3) Socio-cultural dimension, three levels are found. Those three levels are the situational, institutional, and social levels, which show that the poster is influenced by pandemic situations and contexts beyond the language, such as Surakarta’s cultural context and social conditions. Based on these dimensionalities, the poster is functioned by the Mayor of Surakarta’s Institution to persuade, educate, andinfluence the citizen, also to respond to the COVID-19 situation.
Moral Development on Inmates as the Efforts to Prevent Recidivists
Authors: Juddin Nurhayati , Kusdarini Eny , Hamimu Usman
Published: February 2022

The research aimed to comprehend the guidance given to inmates to build their mental, good morals, and to be able to absorb positive values of life demands based on the values, norms, and morals implemented in society to prevent recidivists. The problem formulation was how the forms of development of inmates in the Kendari Class IIA Prison of Correctional Institution prevent recidivists. The research was conducted at Kendari Class IIA Prison of Correctional Institution. Descriptive research and a qualitative approach were implement. There were three informants and respondents: the Head of the Kendari Class IIA Prison, the Head of Class IIA Kendari Prison Development, and the Head of Community Guidance and Care of Class IIA Prisons in Kendari, and 30 inmates as respondents and recidivists. The data were collected by conducting library research and field research that consisted of observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results reveal that the forms of guidance for inmates in Kendari Class IIA of correctional officers to prevent recidivists are religious awareness building, intellectual capacity building, legal awareness building, and integration with the community (social). Applying a guidance pattern for the inmates is expected to be a part of the tools for correctional officers, especially for those who work in correctional institutions.