bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal status of non-fungible tokens (NFT): current state and prospects of legal regulation
Authors: Makarov V. O.
Published: June 2023

The subject. The paper considers the legal status of non-fungible tokens – a technology that allows to secure and confirm the possession of a certificate that refers to a specific digital object, based on a distributed ledger (blockchain).

The purposeof the article is to research the current state of the legal status of NFTs in the Russian Federation, as well as to determine the applicability of the current Russian legislation to NFTs.

The research methodologyis based on the application of methods of systemic and structural analysis, formal logic, as well as methods of legal forecasting and interpretation of legal norms.

The results.There is a lack of comprehensive studies on this issue in legal science. The value of NFT is substantiated through the categories of "rivalrousness" and "scarcity". The process of creating NFT - "mint", that is, the tokenization of a digital object, is described. The legal status of NFT is investigated, as a result of which it is concluded that the token is not equivalent to a digital object, but rather acts as a custodian of information about this object.

Taking into account, firstly, the independent nature of the NFT, which is not only a digital copy of the original work, secondly, the vast scope of utilitarian application and, thirdly, its independent commercial value, it is indicated that in the perspective of the development of legislation and judicial practice, NFT should be regarded as an independent digital asset, the rights to which are subject to legal protection.

Conclusions.At present, Russian legislation does not contain a legal structure suitable for NFTs. The problems of using NFT are highlighted, including the "tokenization" of other people's works, interference in the operation of trading platforms using technical vulnerabilities, as well as fraud. Since NFT can confirm not only the right of ownership, but also represent any subjective right, it is assumed that this technology can be used to maintain decentralized blockchain registries of real estate, shares, members of the society, vote in elections, as well as to verify identity, while simultaneously ensuring the protection of personal data.
In-Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Traditionally reported Poly Herbal Combination
Authors: N. Manvar Mital
Published: June 2023

Inflammatory diseases are still one of the most important heath-problems in the world. Most of anti-inflammatory drugs such as non–steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have number of adverse effects hence there are a need to develop safe and new anti-inflammatory formulation with minimum side effects. Present study focused on investigating and comparing anti-inflammatory potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia, Boerhavia diffusa, Tribulus terrestris and their combinations. Inhibition of heat induced HRBC membrane lysis was taken as a measure of the anti-inflammatory activity. The combination ratio of hydroalcoholic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia, Boerhavia diffusa, Tribulus terrestris (2:5:3) showed the most significant membrane stabilizing action on HRBC membrane as compare tohydroalcoholic extracts of individual drugs and theirother combinations. The present study revealed that the proper combination of Tinospora cordifolia, Boerhavia diffusa, Tribulus terrestris gives more effective anti-inflammatory activity than any of the individual drug.
Novel Formulation for Treatment of Mouth Ulcer
Authors: G. Maskare Rina , D. Thakre Shital , D. Patle Om , S. Vishwakarma Shirali , N. Dahake Dhyanesh , J. Jagnit Rima , S. Rahangdale Rohit
Published: June 2023

Mouth ulcer also known as cankers ulcer are normally small painful abscess that can develop in your mouth or the base of your gum due to these we feel uncomfortable in eating, drinking and talking. Women’s, adolescent and people with a family history of mouth ulcers are higher risk for developing mouth ulcer. There is no major drug therapy required for treatment of mouth ulcer, usually people prefer home remedies. But it is not convenient to take , dose variation may occur because there is no definite quantity given, and also it is unpleasant sometimes irritable thus accordingly we formulate candy like formulation that is lozenges which composed of herbal ingredient like, guava leaves , pigeon pea leave, Tulsi, mint, turmeric, liquorice, clove binded with dextrose , which is convenient for patient The prepared lozengesare evaluated for stability parameter, according to ICH Guideline, the improved formulative lozenges where evaluated for physical characters and results comes under pharmacopeial limit. In-vitro dissolution study show’s 90 % drug release within 30 minutes, the stability studies shows that formulation is stable for last 3 months. Here antimicrobial activity of lozenges is also studied and it shows the positive result for topical application.
From recent work it was assured that the herbal lozenges can be considered as a reliable delivery system for the treatment of mouth ulcer.
Vaccine through Centuries. Major Cornerstone of Global Health
Authors: Haider Rehan
Published: June 2023

Vaccine have a history that started late in the 18th century. From the late 19th century, Vaccine could be developed in the laboratory, However, In the 20th century it became possible to develop vaccine based on Immunologic makers In the 21st century molecular biology permits vaccine development that was not possible before. In the history of science is the impact of vaccines on human longevity and health over 300 years elapsed since the first vaccine was discovered. In short article it is not possible to do justice to a subject that encompases immunology, molecular biology, and public health, but several more extensive sources are available to the interested reader 1-5 rather than attempting a chronological narrative, In current articles that describe novel technologies, it is often said that they will enable " rational" development of vaccines. The opposite of rational is irrational, but presumably the writer mean to contrast rational with "empiric" However, in fact vaccine development has been based on rational choices ever since the mid 20th century, when the immunology advanced to the point of distinguishing protection mediated by antibody and that mediated by lymphocytes, and when passage in cell culture permitted the selection of attenuated mutants, After the point successful vaccine have been " rationally" developed by protection studies in animal, by inference from immune response shown to protect against repeated natural infection (the so called mechanistic correlates of protection) 6 and from the use of passive administration of antibodies against specific antigens to show that those antigens should be included in vaccines.
Retinal Toxicity of Silicone Oil
Authors:   Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Shariat Mehrdad Motamed
Published: June 2023

Polydimethylsiloxane, known as silicone oil, belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds and is widely used in vitreoretinal surgery.
Interpretation of Transcendental Meaning Related to the Symbol "Idol" in the Creation of Alisher Navai
Authors:   Samarkand State university, Razzoqov Alisher
Published: June 2023

In this article, the number of meanings of the term “idol” as a transcendental symbol in Alisher Navoi's poetry are studied. Originally, the usage of this word in Alisher Navoi's work in its primary meaning, that is to say, in its own sense, examined on the example of fragments and verses in epics and lyrical works. Then, its artistic expression of meanings such as the manifestation of the qualities of self, concupiscence and the true love of holiness as a special mystical expressions are analyzed. In order to reveal fully the essence of symbol and symbols such as lover, scholar, shaikh, zunnar, Ka’ba, wine, ascetic used in parallel with it. In order to explain the meanings of Sufism in a broader way applied for Alisher Navai’s own definitions, as well as ancient sources on the theory of Sufism, special dictionaries of Sayyid Ja’far Sajjadi, Sayyid Sadiq Guharin, Sulayman Uludag, and modern researches.
AN STUDY OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHANNELS IN DIGITAL MARKETING
Authors: R JAYASHREE et al.
Published: June 2023

The world is shifting from analog to digital and marketing is no exception. As technology development is increasing, the use of digital marketing, social media marketing, search engine marketing is also increasing. Internet users are increasing rapidly and digital marketing has profited the most because it mainly depends on the internet. Consumer's buying behavior is changing and they are more inclined towards digital marketing rather than traditional marketing. The purpose of this project is to study the impact of digital marketing and how important it is for both consumers and marketers. This project begins with an introduction of digital marketing and then it highlights the mediums of digital marketing, the difference between traditional and digital marketing, and the pros, cons, and importance of digital marketing in today's era.

The researcher used the descriptive research design and adopted the convenience sampling method. The sample size is taken as 100 and analysis was done based on the data collected from the questionnaire. The tools used for analyzing the data are Percentage analysis, ANOVA analysis, chi-square, Correlation Analysis and Friedman Analysis.
INTRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MANAGEMENT DISCIPLINES AND DESCRIPTION OF THEIR JOB DUTIES IN RELATION TO THE LAW AND LEGAL KNOWLEDGE THAT IS RELATED TO THEIR WORK.
Authors: MEYSAM TARIGHATI MARAM et al.
Published: June 2023

Examining the necessity of having legal knowledge to advance managerial goals in relation to the laws governing the country, in order to prevent material and moral losses of employees and employers in line with advancing goals and preventing possible irreparable mistakes and possible conflict with the law in the workplace And on the other hand, it is the development and improvement of job performance, because the decisions of a human resources manager are directly influential, and compliance with it can increase the effectiveness of managerial duties with correct decisions in different trends, and alert the awareness of wrong consequences, and by recommending the method right and specifically about why it is necessary to be surrounded by laws and to learn and teach them to others, to be able to have the highest efficiency, to avoid the conflict of their decisions with the law by considering human and work justice.
RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATION OF THE FAMILY AND ITS EFFECT ON SOCIAL REFORM/CONTEMPORARY ACADEMIC STUDY
Authors: OMAR ABDULLAH NAJMUDDIN AL-KILANI et al.
Published: June 2023

The family is the one from which humanity was formed and multiplied, and it is the first nucleus through which human societies are built, but it is the basis for the establishment of societies , and the spread of people in the world, Islam is concerned with and with keen interest in building the family, and it warns of any arrows directed to it, because it is the basis of the establishment of society, which is the source of chastity, and the path set by Al-Bari - the Almighty - to find good offspring through which societies are fit, and given the importance of the family in the stability and construction of societies, this study came to show the most important things on which families are built, and the creation is stable, and their construction is correct in line with the peculiarities of society.
UNRELIABLE CONFESSIONS IN MURDER CASES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE REVERSED JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: NASIR MAJEED et al.
Published: June 2023

Different researchers produced enormous literature on false confession by employing different methodologies, including doctrinal research, surveys, experiments and trial transcripts. These studies documented the existence, causes, and effects of false confession. In addition, these studies examined the authenticity of confession, how the police obtain a false confession and the behavioral and psychological process behind false confession. However, many of the studies could not investigate the errors that the trials courts and the first appellate courts commit while drawing the inference of guilt of the accused from confession. As a result, the question “what errors do the trial courts and the first appellate courts commit while reasoning with confession” has not been the subject of much analysis. The present study is an effort to address that gap in the literature. After qualitative content analysis of the five appellate courts’ decisions, this article found that the trial courts and the first appellate courts used inadmissible, implausible, contradictory, and uncorroborated confession against the accused in murder cases in Pakistan. Morover, the trial courts and the first appellate courts failed to look into the possibility of alternative inference which could have been drawn from the confession.
THEORETICAL REVIEW AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH OF PRINCIPLES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OF THE TOURISM SECTOR IN RIOHACHA, COLOMBIA
Authors: EDILBERTO RAFAEL SANTOS MORENO et al.
Published: June 2023

The objective of the study is to analyze the principles of strategic planning in SMEs in the tourism sector in the city of Riohacha, as well as to carry out a documentary review of the theory that frames the study of these variables, to constitute an important bibliographic material to support the future research. This study bases its methodology on documentary analysis since it has analyzed what has been written and published by different authors and researchers, through their works related to the principles of strategic planning in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector. Among the main contributions made by this research, it is established that thanks to the proposed documentary analysis, it was possible to know the most general and most important aspects within the management of SMEs in terms of strategic planning, addressing areas such as personnel management, inventory management, and design of marketing strategies, among others, which allow building theoretical foundations for the generation of new knowledge in this regard.
SOCIAL IMPACTS AND RESETTLEMENT: LAND ACQUISITION FOR YOGYAKARTA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Authors: SETIOWATI et al.
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyze the social impacts and resettlement of communities that were affected by the land acquisition for Yogyakarta International Airport, which is considered to have been successful due to the absence of conflicts and disputes between the communities served and investors. Government agencies do not deal with socioeconomic issues such as resistance, conflict, household divisions, or a lack of socioeconomic relations between indigenous people and newcomers to a region. These issues can arise because there are no socio-economic relations between the two groups. On the other hand, the resolution of one of these issues might facilitate the discovery of answers to the remaining issues. The majority of households affected by the implementation of favorable accounting have spent money in both the consumer and productive sectors, proving that the strategy was successful. The purchase of land does, however, come with a number of drawbacks, such as increased competition for available jobs, a general decline in living standards, and other problems.
GLOBAL TRENDS OF STUDIES ON HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: LINH VU CANH DANG et al.
Published: June 2023

Science and technology, because of their importance, always play key roles in the social and economic developments of any society. More importantly, human beings who have been working and contributing to any features of science and technology determine the whole meaning of science and technology. This study uses bibliometric analysis to show research trends on human resource development in science and technology (HRD in S&T), published sources, authors, and organizations with high research efficiency, as well as the country in the group that does the most research on human resource development in science and technology. The findings show that S&T research has increased rapidly in recent years; the journals belonging to the scientific group account for the majority of publications; and most of the authors have a low and remarkable number of publications. It means that China has the leading organizations for publishing in this area, and this country is in the top group if you look at it by country and region. There is a need for further studies on the trends in the development of S&T human resources in each field as well as the correlation between HRD in this field and the development of other sectors in society.
ANALYSIS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: ANGELA CECIBEL MORENO NOVILLO et al.
Published: June 2023

The introduction of new technologies is an increasingly common resource in the educational environment and, especially, in the teaching of a language. In this research work, a bibliographic analysis of the evolution of the most important methods and approaches in the teaching-learning process of the English foreign language aimed at higher education students was carried out, and the relationship between technology and foreign language teaching-learning is analyzed from a diachronic and critical perspective. To this end, the emergence of different technologies in the field of language teaching and learning is considered, as well as the analysis of their effectiveness in the foreign language learning process, noting various cycles of technological innovation, enthusiasm about its possibilities, scarcity of evidence of results and a call for caution regarding the impact of the technology itself. In conclusion, a state of positive but cautious alertness to the constant emergence of technologies that generate new opportunities for memorable learning is raised.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE ACTUAL COMPANY
Authors: RIYADH NADHIM HAMEED AL-DOORI et al.
Published: June 2023

We show through this research that the legislatorhas defined the pillars on which the company is based, as the company cannot become in a sound legal state in the eyes of the law without the availability of the general and specific substantive pillars as well as the formal pillars of the company. The company is invalid, and this invalidity varies according to the importance of the pillar on which the breach is located, just as the legislator does not consider the company unless it actually exercises its activity and enters into legal relations with others, so if the ruling is made to invalidate the company for one of the reasons that necessitate that, then this company is according to the opinion of the judiciary In the period between its inception and the judgment of its invalidation, it is considered an already existing company, and therefore the effect of invalidation does not have a retroactive effect on its previous actions, i.e. it does not apply to the past, but rather to the future only.
POLICIES FOR THE SOCIAL INCLUSION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN ECUADOR
Authors: HERRERA ACOSTA et al.
Published: June 2023

The indigenous people of Ecuador are divided by nationalities and aboriginal peoples; Currently, according to the National Council for the Development of Nationalities and Peoples of Ecuador (CODENPE), in the Ecuadorian territory, in the Costa, Sierra and Oriented regions, there are 14 nationalities and 18 indigenous peoples, each with its own worldview, customs and traditions. The generals that regulate the behavior of these cultures are the ama killa, ama llulla, ama shwa (not to be idle, not to lie, not to steal), they practice the minka and ayni, which are models of community cooperation and collaboration. The exclusion of indigenous people has been a problem, which, from generation to generation, for more than 500 years, our aboriginal brothers have had to endure, until June 2022, according to the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment (ENEMDU, 2022 ), income poverty in the rural sector was 42.9% and extreme poverty reached 22.7%; that is, of the approximately 1,080,000 indigenous people, 463,320 indigenous people live in poverty and 245,160 live in extreme poverty; which implies pointing out that the discrimination, exclusion and exploitation of this group of priority attention is recurrent. The manuscript answers the question: Have public policies of social and political inclusion improved the quality of life in the indigenous communities of Ecuador? The results allow us to establish that public policies for social and political inclusion are mechanisms that materialize the rights to citizen participation and a dignified life, not only of indigenous people, but of all citizens of Ecuador; however, these strategies are not fulfilling the stated objective, which is why the quality of life in the rural sector where the majority of aborigines reside has not improved significantly.
IN-PATIENT COSTS OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 WITH FINANCIAL REGULATIONS AND HEATH ECONOMY
Authors: SUWANNA SANGSUWUN et al.
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease that infects patients, who have critical and complex health problems, that need to be treated in hospitals. The financial regulations and heath economy to management efficiency in hospitals is an important indicator for hospital administrators to make decisions for efficient health service provision.Then, the purposes were to: analyze the cost of in-patient with COVID-19 per day and per admission, and compare COVID-19 severity with the cost of in-patient.Methods: This retrospective study using secondary data from the standard data set HOSxP data system program 43 folders of 18 , between 2021 and 2022 was conducted. The total hospital costs was analyzed from the 4191 samples of in-patients with COVID-19 on the 18 community hospital in Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand.Results:The majority of samples were females 52.6%, age group between 30 - 39 of 26.0 %, the insurance type was Social Security Scheme 60.9% (average sleeping days 11 days), lived in Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand 77.7%, no medical conditions 97.7 %, the severity of disease was asymptomatic and mild symptoms 80.5%. In addition, the cost of an in-patient COVID-19 ward was 104.1 USD per day. The cost of complication diseases resulted from 1,063.3 USD - 1,681.1 USD per admission, moderate symptoms and pneumonia were 1,681.1 USD per admission, and mild symptoms were 1,063.3 USD per admission, which was higher than the standard cost (p<0.015). Furthermore, the cost of mild symptoms was 1,063.3 USD per admission was higher than the estimated cost (p<0.05), and the cost of moderate symptoms with pneumonia was 1,681.1 USD per admission, higher than the estimated cost (p<0.001). Conclusions: As a consequence, the various levels of clinical severity and the cost of an in-patient with COVID-19 is higher than the standard cost and estimated cost. However, there is still no suitable fiscal legislation.
ENSEMBLE-LEARNING FRAMEWORK AS A SECURITY MODEL FOR HARDENING THE SECURITY POSTURE OF SDN IN PERSPECTIVE OF CYBER LAW
Authors: KHALIQ AHMED et al.
Published: June 2023

Information is considered the most important resource for any organization and to share this resource requires network usage and management. Network operators are attempting to adapt to the coordination of distinctive sorts of networks while meeting the difficulties of expanding traffic. The customary network tends to be unbending. After the forwarding strategy has been defined, the best method to alter it is to rearrange all the impacted devices. It is lengthy and focuses on adaptation and overcoming the challenges of portability and huge data. System administrators have greater versatility to configure their networks using Software Defined Networking (SDN) in the sight of cyber law. With SDN, network management moves from classifying usefulness, lawfulness as far as low-level device arrangements to building programming that encourages system administration and troubleshooting. However, with the rise in network technology, great concerns of security emerged so high that, nowadays, security is considered the major issue to address in any organization. For this reason, in this paper, we have proposed an ensemble learning framework for hardening the security posture of SDN in prospective of cyber law. The proposed framework is evaluated on two different datasets, and it has exhibited great results as using different techniques together improves the performance.
Food Poisoning in a Senior High School in Kumasi an Unmatched Case Control Study
Authors:   Kumasi Metropolitian Health Directorate, Ampratwum Kingsley Atuahene
Published: June 2023

Food poisoning is when a person or a group of persons consume food that may be contaminated with microbes, toxins, or chemicals. Most cases are accidental and may arise from contamination of ingredients, an overdose of additives, or contamination of utensils. Globally, 600 million cases and 420,000 deaths are reported annually. In Ghana, 1914 cases were reported between 2013 and 2021, with 36 deaths. We investigated a case of food poisoning among students of a Girls SHS in the Kumasi Metropolis to estimate the burden, identify the cause, and implement control measures. An unmatched case-control study (119 cases, 347 controls) was conducted after descriptive epidemiology, to test for an association between the suspected exposure and the outcome. Medical records were reviewed. Active case search was conducted in classes. Our outbreak Case Definition was ‘Any person who developed diarrhoea and or abdominal pains from March 5-8, 2022 within the school’. Confidentiality was ensured by excluding the name of the school. A total of 119 boarders, out of 982 (attack rate 12.1%) were affected, but 18 hospitalised. The mean age was 17.4 (range 15-20, SD±0.92). Onset of index case was March 5, 2022. Symptoms included abdominal pains (84/119), diarrhoea (95/119) without mortality. A total 109 (91.6%) cases ate rice and stew, 6 (5%) ate tea and bread, 7 (5.8%) ate banku and groundnut soup, 4 (3.3%) ate rice balls and 1 (0.8%) ate porridge prior to incident. Odds ratio was 9.9 for consumption of rice-and-stew. A point source outbreak was concluded. The odds ratio indicated very strong association between the consumption of the rice-and-stew and the outbreak. We recommended screening for food-vendors and education on food hygiene.
“Becoming-Animal”: Cosplay as Sorcery through Deleuze and Guattari’s Tenth Plateau
Authors: Mountfort Paul
Published: June 2023

Cosplay is commonly understood to involve cosplayers donning the accoutrements of popular media entities in a complexly mediated type of “performance.” This article asks to what extent Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s “becoming-animal” from the tenth plateau of A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1980) can mobilize other understandings of these moments—in particular, their becoming that transcends mimesis, resemblance, or representation. Such “sorcery” is a “molecular” becoming based on alliance with a “demonic” character, one’s passing “by contagion” into becoming with an animal pack, a second alliance with a new human group, effecting a further and dynamic contagion of the human and animal. Maintaining such becoming requires a micropolitical struggle that differs from the identarian one in its capacity for offering schizoanalytic realizations of desire. Does, or can, cosplay effectuate such becoming, in which the human becomes “animal” and the animal becomes human, producing irreducible dynamisms, lines of flight?
Roles of Imitation Seifuku School Uniforms in Japan: A Case Study of Students at Uniform-Free Schools and the Iconic J-pop Performers of AKB48
Authors: Kimura Tets
Published: June 2023

In Japan school uniforms have been used for role-playing by those other than cosplayers. In order to understand this social discourse, this article examines the chronological development of Japanese school uniforms and then discusses how and why imitation school uniforms have been adopted and adapted by students at uniform-free schools as well as by female J-pop performers. The article argues that school uniforms are sentimentally valuable in Japan as they represent narratives of youth before entering a tough and restricted adult life. School uniforms symbolize freedom and a future full of possibilities, growth, and hope. In this regard, the uniform-like costumes are attractive to both the youth who wear them, such as the students and popstars, and to the grown-ups, such as fans of pop stars, as the costumes remind them that life was once good in the “good old days.”
Infection with Helicobacter Pylori and the Risk of Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Authors: Karim Rashid , Iqbal Wajid , Mengal Mahwash , Mengal Muhammad Alam , Sial Muhammad Mohsin , Chaudhary Ahmed Latif
Published: June 2023

Objective: The objective of this research is to determine the frequency of a condition known as iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) among people who have been infected with Helicobacter pylori. Study Design: Cross-sectional/ Prospective study Place and Duration: Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar in the duration from November, 2022 to April, 2023. Methods: There were a total of 116 patients with Helicobacter pylori infections, whose ages ranged from 20 to 70. After collecting demographic information from each participant (including age, sex, BMI, education level, and residence), each patient gave written informed consent. Subjects' blood was tested for iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, which and total iron-binding capacity. Histopathology, stool antigen testing, a fast urease test, and a urea breath test can all diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 25.0. Results: There were 74 (63.8%) females and 42 (36.2%) males in our study. Patients mean age was 28.13±14.68 years and had mean BMI 23.6±11.26 kg/m2. The mean Hemoglobin level of the patients was 11.9±1.8 (g/dl), the iron level was 47.11±6.49 (ug/dl) and mean ferritin level was 119.6±32.68 (ng per ml). Among 116 cases, 42 (36.2%) patients had Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA). Conclusion: An increased incidence of iron deficiency anaemia was seen among individuals with Helicobacter pylori infections; the majority of these patients were adult females. Keywords: H.pylori infection, Prevalence, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA),
Hz. Yûsuf Kıssası Özelinde Kur’ân’da İktisat Yönetimi ile İlgili Bazı Prensipler
Authors: SEVİM Hasan
Published: June 2023

Birey ve toplumu ilgilendiren iktisadi konular, din ve değerden bağımsız alanlar değildir. İslam adil ve onurlu bir yaşamı hedefleyen bir iktisadi sistem öngörmüştür. Bu bağlamda iktisadi konular, Kur’ân’ın ele aldığı belli başlı konular arasında yer almaktadır. Mesajlarını iletmek ve yol gösterme hedefini gerçekleştirmek için Kur’ân’ın kullandığı anlatım üsluplarından biri de kıssalardır. Bu kıssalar içerisinde Hz. Yûsuf kıssası, zengin içeriği ve konu çeşitliliği ile dikkat çekmektedir. Kıssanın ele aldığı konulardan birisi de iktisadi konulardır. Bu çalışma Hz. Yûsuf kıssası özelinde iktisadi yönetim prensiplerini ele alıp değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kıssa, iktisadi anlamda o günkü şartlar çerçevesinde yapılması gerekenleri ve bunları uygulamaya koyacak yöneticilerde bulunması gereken özellikleri topluca ele almaktadır. Hz. Yûsuf’un programının temelini zor zamanların rahat geçirilmesine yönelik tedbir ve ihtiyat kavramları oluşturmaktadır. Kıssada öne çıkan en önemli prensip ise iktisat yönetiminde sorumluluk üstlenecek yöneticilerin güvenilir ve iş bilir kimseler olması gerektiğidir. Hz. Yûsuf bu vasıflara kendisinin ‘hafîz’ ve ‘alîm’ olduğunu söyleyerek işaret etmektedir. Bu iki vasfın aynı zamanda Kur’ân’ın emanetlerin teslim edilmesinde şart koştuğu ehliyet kriterinin açılımı olduğu da söylenebilir. Kıssada vurgu yapılan başka bir konunun ise güvenilir ve liyakat sahibi yöneticilere yeterli düzeyde yetki verilmesi meselesi olduğu görülür. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bazı Tarım Ürünlerinin “Emanet” Adıyla Satılması ve Bunun İsticrâr Akdi ile İlişkisi
Authors: AKKUŞ Mehmet , YERLİKAYA Ünal
Published: June 2023

Satım akdinde oluşan fiyat belirsizliği güncel bazı meselelerde karşımıza çıkan önemli hususlardandır. Fiyat belirsizliği içeren bir alışveriş akdini yapmaya insanları sevk eden pek çok faktör sayılabilir. Şüphesiz paranın alım gücünün zayıflamasına bağlı olarak malın veya alacağın değerini koruma amacı da bulunmaktadır.

Enflasyonun yüksek olduğu dönemlerde, vadeli alışverişleri malın fiyatını belirlemeden yapmak durumunda kalınmaktadır. Ödeme gününe kadar, çoğu zaman malın değerinin ne kadar olacağı kestirilememekte ve bu da vade farkı eklemek suretiyle oluşacak değer kaybının malın fiyatına yansıtılmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu sebeple mal, değeriyle değil cins, isim, miktar vb. ile kaydedilmektedir.

Piyasa değeri üzerinden olması kaydıyla isticrâr akdi uygulamalarına cevaz verildiği bilinmektedir. Zira ticari hayatın devamlılığı gibi bir ihtiyaç söz konusudur. Özellikle fındık, çay, buğday, arpa, üzüm gibi zirai ürünlerde “emanete bırakma” adıyla yapılan ticari uygulamalarda, ürün her ne kadar ‘emanet’ diye teslim edilse de söz konusu işlem satım akdi olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede işlemin, emanet ve karz akdi olarak kabul edilmesi doğru bulunmamıştır. Ancak fiyatı belirlenmeden satın alınan malın bedeli tarafların karşılıklı rızası ile ödeme günündeki rayiç fiyat üzerinden yapılabilir.
Şer'i Bilginin Epistemik Değeri Açısından Din ve İktisat İlişkisi
Authors: YURTSEVEN Muhammet
Published: June 2023

“Şer'i Bilginin Epistemik Değeri Bağlamında Din ve İktisat İlişkisi”ni ele alan bu çalışma, din ve iktisat ilişkisini merkeze alarak fıkhî bilginin epistemik değerini, iktisat ile ilişki biçimini ve bu konudaki tartışmaların muhtevasını araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın amaçları arasında, fıkhi bilginin İslam iktisadı araştırmalarındaki rolü ve önemi, şer'i bilginin iktisadi kararlar ve uygulamalar üzerindeki etkisi ile din ve iktisat ilişkisindeki algılanma biçimi yer almaktadır. Ayrıca, şer'i bilginin algılanması ve uygulanması konusunda İslam iktisadı araştırmalarının genel görünümü ortaya konacak ve İslam iktisadının temel prensipleriyle uyumlu bir iktisadi modelin oluşturulması için fıkhın etkisinin arttırılmasının gerekliliğine dikkat çekilecektir. Çalışmanın kapsamı, İslam geleneğinden tevarüs eden fıkıh birikiminin, din ve iktisat ilişkisi bağlamında sağladığı bilgi değerinin araştırılması ve literatürdeki farklı yaklaşımları detaylı bir şekilde inceleyerek, şer'i bilginin iktisadi kararlardaki rolüne dair genel çerçevenin sunulmasıdır. Bu çalışma literatür taraması yöntemiyle yapılan bir araştırma olup, din ve iktisat ilişkisini şer'i bilginin olgusal değeriyle ele almakta ve fıkhi bilginin İslam iktisadı içerisindeki konumunu da yeniden değerlendirmektedir.
Prospective Teachers' Views on the Concept of Renewable Energy
Authors: ŞEN Şenol , TEMEL Senar
Published: June 2023

This study aims to reveal the prospective teachers’ views on the concept of renewable energy. The study employed a qualitative research method. A total of 30 prospective teachers attended the study. A purposeful sampling method was used to choose the participants. Prospective teachers who had taken courses related to environmental education before participated in the study. The data were collected through three open-ended questions prepared by the researchers. The prospective teachers were asked questions on the importance of using renewable energy sources, obstacles to the usage of renewable energy sources, and increasing the usage of renewable energy sources. Their answers to questions were collected in writing. Content analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The findings were divided into categories and then the themes were specified. Prospective teachers’ views about the concept of renewable energy were demonstrated through the themes and categories. The results of the study showed that prospective teachers had awareness of renewable energy sources but that their knowledge was not at the desired level. The results could provide policymakers with new information about renewable energy in the process of planning teacher training in the long term to raise society’s awareness in the national arena.
The evolution of the impact of the consequences of the crises on the budgetary-fiscal indicators at national level
Authors: Proca Rodica
Published: June 2023

Este cert faptul că orice țară este apreciată după nivelul său de dezvoltare economică. Destrămarea Uniunii Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste (URSS) a creat un șoc global pentru țările membre, care au întîmpinat dificultăți în schimbarea structurii economice interne. Odată cu obținerea independenței în 1991, Republica Moldova (RM) a parcurs un drum lung de formare a propriei politici bugetar-fiscale și a strategiilor de planificare și gestionare a propriului buget. Actualitatea articolului este determinată de necesitatea evaluării Republicii Moldova, ca stat independent, în perioada de tranziție către o economie de piață. Impactul crizelor economice, sociale și politice au condus la implementarea noilor reforme (privatizarea, liberalizarea financiară și democratizarea) inițiate de către noul guvern. Scopul cercetării este de a analiza evoluția impactului crizelor asupra indicatorilor bugetari-fiscali la nivel național. Criteriul de evaluare a economiei este bazat pe unul din principalii indicatori macroeconomici (PIB), care la rîndul său este într-o interdependență cu indicatorii bugetari-fiscali. Drept reper în evaluarea Bugetului Național Public (BPN) au servit cele mai importante evenimente ce au marcat economia Republicii Moldova de la obținerea Independenței. Bugetul public reprezintă cea mai importantă parte componentă a sistemului financiar și este influențat de principalele venituri și cheltuieli ale statului exprimate prin deficit sau excedent. În pofida șocurilor externe si interne, începînd de la criza economică generală din 1991, conflictul regional cu Transnistria (războiul civil) din 1992,criza financiara din Rusia, criza economiă-financiară globală din 2008-2009, seceta din 2012, criza bancară din 2014, criza pandemică (Covid-19) din 2020 și a crizei energetice din 2021, țara și-a menținut stabilitatea macroeconomică, marcînd o îmbunătățire constantă a economiei.
Classification and evaluation of financial instruments according to IFRS 9 „Financial instruments”
Authors: Moisei Ana
Published: June 2023

With the economic and financial development of the countries and the wider integrity at regional and international level, the role and value of financial assets increases. For these reasons, the accounting of financial assets as well as financial reporting are current, in order to optimize and adapt according to the economy of each country. IFRS 9 ”Financial instruments” was introduced by the IASB in 2014 and became mandatory for fiscal years starting in 2018. It bears fundamental changes in the accounting requirements for financial instruments, especially in the areas of recognition, categorisation and measurement, impairment and loan loss provision. IFRS 9 ”Financial instruments”incorporates without substantive amendments the requirements of IAS 39 for the recognition and derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. The purpose of this article is to present the method of clasification and evaluating of financial instruments according to IFRS 9 ”Financial instruments” as well as the criteria used by the entities.
Digitalization of the food field in the conditions of the „Covid-19” pandemic
Authors: Cojocaru Crina-Maria
Published: June 2023

The appearance of the coronavirus at the end of 2019 disturbed the peace of the entire planet. The rapid increase in the number of infected people has led to restrictions by governments. It started with wearing masks in public places, followed by reducing the number of consumers in the premises, and finally reaching the lock downs. All economic fields have suffered, especially the food industry. In order to survive in the economic market, entrepreneurs were looking for solutions, so this crisis has contributed to the growing emphasis on developing a business strategy through the intensive exploitation of technology. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic imposed one of the largest increases in investment in technology in history. During this research, the terms digitization, the process of adapting businesses to new conditions and consumer behavior in pandemic circumstances were studied. In order to detect the influence of coronavirus on consumers' purchasing decisions, a survey was conducted with the participation of 60 people. Following this research, it was found that most respondents place orders online with the help of devices quite often, more since the beginning of the pandemic the volume of shopping has increased and diversified. Of course, it could not be without difficulties, but they still have confidence in ordering online, this has become a habit, with the help of this action they gain time and money. As we can see, the pandemic played an important role in digitizing the food industry.
Teaching English vocabulary using the audio-lingual method
Authors: Nathan Lie Ericko , Kurniadi Didit , Muhid Ahmad , Heriyanto Eko
Published: June 2023

Language is a system of spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols in which human beings express themselves as members of a social group and participants in its culture. The audio-lingual teaching method is defined as a method that emphasizes on repetition of words to help the students to understand the use of the target language communicatively. The objective of this thesis is to measure the studentsâ€™ accomplishment in increasing their English vocabulary after using the audio-lingual method and to find the benefits of using the audio-lingual method in increasing the vocabulary for students. In finishing this research, the method used is class action research by applying mixed methods. The population of this research was students in 3A Generous of SD Shalom Semarang, which consist of 25 students. The writer used the theory of Larsen-Freeman in this research. The instrument of the research were multiple-choice tests of 15 items and short essay tests of 5 items. In finding, the score of the post-test (84,6%) is higher than the score of the pre-test (75,8%). It means that using the audio-lingual method in teaching English vocabulary gives enough effect on the third-grade studentsâ€™ accomplishments.
Entorno empresarial y corrupción: implicaciones para el Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica
            Israel, Fernand Desfrancois Pierre
Published: June 2023

Corruption represents an obstacle to the sustainable economic growthof nations.
One of the possible impacts of corruption on the performance and performance of
organizations is manifested through the impact of corruption on the business
environment. Based on a quantitative study based on the statistical analysis of the data
from the Corruption Perception Index and the indicators of the Doing Business report,
the relationship between corruption and the business environment is evaluated. The
results conclude that countries with a low-quality business environment tend to
havehigher levels of corruption. The transmission channels from which corruption affects
the business environment in Ecuador are evaluated. The high levels of regulation and
bureaucracy in Ecuador negatively affect the business environment in the country and
have a high correlation with the perceived levels of corruption in the
country.Keywords:corruption, Ecuador, business, economy, environment
Sistemas de gestión de desechos sanitarios bajo la Norma ISO 31000:2018
Authors:   Universidad Central del
            Ecuador, Huilca Buenaño Jeanneth
Published: June 2023

The main objective of this research was to propose the design of a useful and
applicable methodology according to the requirements of ISO 31000: 2018 for risk
management focused on the health care waste management process that takes place in any
institution that provides Health services. All this is based on the main theoretical
approaches in this regard. A qualitative methodology was applied, bibliographic and
descriptive typology, using the analytical-synthetic method. Within the analysis of
results, a standard sanitary waste management process was defined with its related
activities. The main risks that they could generate were identified. From there, the
risks were classified and evaluated through the application of the risk matrix. This
also facilitated a measure plan approach to mitigate the harmful effect of risks
according to their probability and importance degree. Therefore, it is concluded that it
is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to successfully manage the risks present
throughout the sanitary waste management process.
Calidad del servicio financiero de corresponsales no bancarios en la banca privada
desde la Norma ISO 9001:2015
Authors:   Universidad Central del
            Ecuador, Velásquez Tapia Ramiro Alexander
Published: June 2023

This research work was carried out to identify the evidence and the possibility of
the applicability of the ISO 9001-2015 standard in the financial services offered by the
new mass service channels called Non-Banking Correspondents, which are called hereafter
NBC. It is a theoretical investigation that used scientific sources of consultation such
as scientific articles, manuals of control entities, ISO Standard, and laws and their
regulatory frameworks. The information is obtained from the observation, analysis, and
documentary understanding of the material previously described. The NBCs work with the
support, sponsorship, and on behalf of the Financial Entities legally recognized in
Ecuador. For this reason, the discussion is generated about the overcrowding of the NBC
service, generating inclusion with unbanked sectors and simultaneously demanding quality
parameters in said premises. As a result, it is determined that few banks have incurred
in providing services through NBC. This service is not widespread and does not have the
desired coverage, there is no focus on the quality of service, and financial
institutions comply with parameters required by regulatory bodies.
Perspectivas y retos de la formación doctoral en América Latina
Authors:   Universidad Central del
            Ecuador, Castillo Bustos Marcelo Remigio , Rojas Mesa Julio Ernesto ,   Universidad Santo Tomás, Yépez Moreno Alba Gusdalupe ,   Universidad Central del
            Ecuador
Published: June 2023

This paper describes the perspectives and challenges of doctoral education in
Latin America, as it is a process of fundamental social importance, due to its potential
contributions to the development of knowledge. Based on a well-founded analysis, it is
revealed that doctoral education in this region is growing significantly, as Higher
Education Institutions increase this academic offer, after fulfilling the requirements
imposed by the regulatory and control agencies in their countries. It should be noted
that there is a risk of low-quality doctoral education, which, while providing a greater
number of doctoral graduates, has limited impacts on scientific production. Therefore,
the promotion of suitable academic environments for doctoral education, the continuous
advanced training of academic staff, the creation of doctoral programs in strategic
areas, the development of quality doctoral education, the creation of scientific
communities and national and international inter-university cooperation emerge as
themain challenges which, if overcome with solvency, will make it possible to educate
doctors capable of contributing to scientific production, promoting social development
and contributing to the reduction of Latin America's dependence on knowledge producedin
developed countries.