bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia and the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Detecting and Treating it: Cognitive Frontiers
Authors: Mohanad G. Yaseen  , Saad Abas Abed
Published: November 2023

A persistent mental illness that changes thoughts, feelings, behaviour, and communication with people is schizophrenia. Delusions, hallucinations, distorted thinking, lack of motivation, and fear of society are often its hallmarks. Although there is currently no cure for schizophrenia, patients can greatly benefit from early diagnosis and treatment. The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is very promising for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Artificial intelligence systems can scan and analyse vast amounts of data, including genetic and hereditary data, brain scans, and medical records, and predict when a person might develop schizophrenia if the factor is hereditary. This can help medical providers act quickly to start treating patients before their symptoms worsen. AI can also help patients with schizophrenia manage and regulate their medications. Artificial intelligence systems can analyse patient data to determine the best medications and dosage amounts while also highlighting any potential side effects of treatment. This can help medical providers customize strategies structure treatment for each patient and enhance treatment outcomes. Considering all the above-mentioned matters, the use of artificial intelligence in diagnosing, analysing, and treating schizophrenia promises to improve patient outcomes and treatment, deepen our knowledge of this complex disease, early detection of the disease, and find appropriate treatment.
Narratives of School Leadership to Support the Well-Being of Teachers in Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Nargis Yaqoob  , Zahid Ali  , Imran Ahmed  , Farukh Saba  , Muhammad Ikhlaq
Published: November 2023

The teaching profession is one of the professions that leads to challenges, and these challenges impact teachers’ well-being. School leaders play a pivotal role in supporting and brightening teachers’ well-being. This research project which is based on qualitative phenomenological research, seeks to explore the narratives of primary school leaders to foster their teachers' well-being through structured interviews. School leaders belonging to various educational settings were engaged. Structured interviews were used to collect the primary data collection, for a comprehensive exploration of eight primary school leaders of District Korangi Karachi’s perceptions, experiences, challenges, and strategies to support in improve their teachers’ well-being. The main findings divulge extraordinary roles and multifaceted responsibilities of primary school leaders in nurturing the well-being of their educators. School leaders expressed and shared their experiences in providing opportunities for professional development, creating healthy positive organizational cultures, managing workloads and time management, and addressing psychological concerns. School leaders' narratives also enlighten on the ramifications of leadership in administrative challenges and demands. These narratives provide a nuanced understanding of the strategies and initiatives that support teacher well-being. Such insights are instrumental in informing policy.
Aplikasi Slawe sebagai Piranti Pelayanan E- KTP dalam Sinkronisasi Notifikasi Layanan Pembuatan Kartu Tanda Penduduk
Authors: Susianti Yasmin Meri , Sugeng Suharto  , Nour Farozi Agus
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research is to find out how the Slawe application as an E-KTP service tool synchronizes notifications and what causes notifications to be out of sync with E-KTP services in this application. The methods used are descriptive and qualitative, with purposive sampling techniques and data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on research through aspects based on Law Number 95 of 2018 concerning Electronic-Based Service Systems (SPBE), responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, it is true that the Slawe application was not in sync with the E-KTP notification in July–December 2021. This is because the notifications on the application have not been updated. Meanwhile, in January–March 2022, the results showed that the Slawe application was in sync with its notifications and direct services at the Bengkulu City Dukcapil in terms of taking E-KTPs independently from January to March 2022. The suggestion from the researchers was that the Bengkulu City Population and Civil Registration Service needed to update notifications in the Slawe application according to the existing reality. The Bengkulu City Population and Civil Registration Service is carrying out repairs and maintenance on their Slawe website; this needs to be done on holidays or outside working hours. This is because many people feel disadvantaged if repairs or maintenance to the Slawe website are carried out on weekdays
Vulnerabilidade do Superendividado no Empréstimo Consignado e o Papel das Fintechs na Democratização do Crédito
Authors: Bello Valdmar
Published: November 2023

O trabalho investiga como as fintechs podem contribuir para a democratização do crédito e redução do superendividamento nos empréstimos consignados no Brasil. O objetivo geral é analisar a contribuição das fintechs para a ampliação do crédito com práticas responsáveis, reduzindo o superendividamento nos empréstimos consignados no Brasil. Os objetivos específicos são: (i) compreender a positivação do conceito de superendividamento, sua extensão e seus efeitos na legislação com base na doutrina, o perfil do superendividado e a prevenção ao superendividamento; (ii) descrever as características do empréstimo consignado e as situações de vulnerabilidade do consumidor financeiro, a publicidade abusiva e outras irregularidades na oferta do crédito, sob a ótica do Código de Defesa do Consumidor; (iii) examinar o papel da fintech no acesso ao crédito, abordando potenciais benefícios e ameaças em função de sua tecnologia disruptiva; e (iv) identificar se as fintechs de crédito podem efetivamente contribuir para redução do superendividamento, considerando as características dos consignados ofertados. Por meio de pesquisa empírica, com base no raciocínio dedutivo, utilizando-se tabelas e matrizes, com a finalidade de investigar o papel da fintechs na democratização do crédito, serão analisadas as abordagens de empréstimo consignado oferecido por essas entidades ao consumidor, e verificadas se tais ofertas estão em conformidade com o Código de Defesa do Consumidor e com as melhores práticas de crédito responsável, avaliando-se o grau de satisfação no relacionamento entre a fintech e o consumidor.
Finanças Sustentáveis e Litigância Climática:
Authors: Diniz Erick
Published: November 2023

Em um cenário de transição para uma economia de baixo carbono, não só o segmento de energia como também o mercado financeiro começou a desenvolver metodologias para lidar com os riscos climáticos. De um lado a sustentabilidade das finanças pretendeu incorporar novos parâmetros - o social, ambiental e o de governança - ao passo que o segmento de energia passa por um momento de transição energética, no qual há uma busca por tecnologias de captura de carbono e fontes renováveis de energia. Nesse cenário, o presente trabalho visa endereçar a utilização de instrumentos societários como a governança corporativa e o compliance como indutores do adimplemento demetas climáticas no mercado financeiro. A hipótese é que, por mais que a litigância climática venha a se tornar, cada vez mais, recorrente no mercado financeiro, a regulação por meio de instrumentos societários terá um papel central para concretização de metas de sustentabilidade nas corporações.
Bases Institucionais da Formação do Sistema Bancário Brasileiro
Authors: De Araújo Pimentel Karen Daniele
Published: November 2023

Este trabalho estuda o que seriam as bases institucionais da consolidação de um sistema bancário nacional no Brasil, buscando os fundamentos para a hipótese de que, antes dos anos 1920, o país não teria um sistema bancário propriamente dito, mas tão somente um setor bancário esparso, instável e pouco organizado. Para isso, realiza revisão bibliográfica do que se escreveu sobre a época e consulta diretamente o texto legal do Decreto 14.728 de 1921. Nesse sentido, o trabalho é dividido em três seções: (i) antecedentes, estudando como se apresentava o setor bancário brasileiro a partir da instalação do primeiro Banco do Brasil (1808) até meados de 1920; (ii) contexto, descrevendo brevemente o cenário político e socioeconômico em que se inseriram as alterações institucionais levadas a cabo na década de 1920; (iii) discussão, tratando especificamente dos elementos centrais que promoveram a gênese do sistema bancário nacional, destacando-se (a) a diminuição da relevância dos bancos estrangeiros atuantes no país; (b) a criação da Carteira de Redescontos do Banco do Brasil e da câmara de compensação de cheques, operada pelo mesmo banco; (c) a criação da Inspetoria Geral dos Bancos, órgão fiscalizatório do cumprimento das regras de conformação do setor bancário.
Afrontamiento del estrés en personal de enfermería durante la Covid-19: adaptación psicométrica del Coping Strategies Indicator – Short (CSI-S)
Authors: Angulo-Ramos Marisol , Merino-Soto César , Ramón-Rojas Jocelyn
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Aportar con el primer estudio de adaptación del Coping Strategies Indicator – Short (CSI-S) para medir las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés, en personal de enfermería que atienden de casos con Covid-19. Metodología: Fueron 79 enfermeras vinculados directa o indirectamente en la atención a casos con Covid-19. Las instrucciones de respuesta del CSI-S fueron modificadas para orientarlo al trabajo de las enfermeras en la atención de casos con Covid-19. Resultados: Se halló que dos de sus dimensiones fueron robustas (solución de problemas y búsqueda de apoyo), con confiabilidades adecuadas, mientras que la dimensión evitación fue estructuralmente débil, con confiabilidad baja. La correlación entre estas estrategias fue baja, indicando independencia conceptual; y la relación con medidas de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión fue teóricamente convergente. Conclusión: Excepto el puntaje de Evitación, las puntuaciones del CSI-S pueden ser apropiadas para la descripción de grupos, y para un primer acercamiento del estado de afrontamiento al estrés.
Optimum fin spacing of rectangular fins on aluminum heat sinks plates
Authors:   Hitit University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Çorum, Türkiye, KAYA Murat , KAYA Şükrü ,   Keçiören Industrial Vocational School, Ankara, Türkiye
Published: November 2023

Aluminum heat sink cooling fin which are especially used for cooling electronic circuits, are directly related to their heat transfer capability and design. In heat transfer, the most important factors are the surface area where the heat is taken, the fin length, the distance between the fins, the airflow rate, and the thermal conductivity. In this study, the effects of the width between the fins on the heat transfer were investigated. In the study, the dimensions of the rectangular finned cooling plate were 200 mm in width, 200 mm in length, 25 mm in fin height, fin spacing between 4 and 2.5 mm, fin thickness of 0.5 mm and the number of fins between 100 and 66 pieces. The plate surface dimensions were kept constant, the fin spacing was narrowed, and the number of fins was increased. It was measured that the total heat wool transferred from the fins on the plate surface increased. The airflow rate was increased from the side surface of the plate and it was observed that the total heat load ejected from the rectangular fins increased.
An attention mechanism and multi-feature fusion network for medical image segmentation
Authors:   Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Department of Computer Science and Technology, Jinan, 250353, China, REN Xianxiang , LIANG Hu ,   Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Department of Computer Science and Technology, Jinan, 250353, China, ZHAO Shengrong ,   Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Department of Computer Science and Technology, Jinan, 250353, China
Published: November 2023

Recently, deep learning has been applied to medical image segmentation. However, existing methods based on deep learning still suffer from several disadvantages, such as blurred edge segmentation of image lesion regions and weak context information extraction. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes an attention mechanism and multi-feature fusion network with the encoder-decoder structure for medical image segmentation. In the proposed network, the convolutional group encoder module and the self-attention module are applied to divide images. The convolutional group encoder uses multiple convolution and dilated convolution to enhance the multi-scale information capturing capability of the model. The extracted image features will be useful for precise segmentation. Moreover, the self-attention module is introduced into the network for mining and complementing the edge details of segmented images. In the proposed model, convolutional group encoders and self-attention are applied repeatedly to capture changes in contextual relationships and continuously refine boundary information. Several experiments have been conducted on the BUSI and ISIC datasets to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with other methods, the proposed method can achieve better segmentation results.
Images of (in)security: Visualizing borders, migrants and control in Serbia's news media
Authors: Krstić Aleksandra
Published: November 2023

Media images of borders and their control have been one of the most dominant frames in reporting on the migrant crisis in European media and the negative coverage of the topic of migrants, presenting them as a threat to security and public health dominates media narratives around the world. This paper examines the way migrants and refugees have been portrayed on the borders of Serbia, a transit country alongside the Western Balkans migration corridor. The mixed method analysis is based on 300 images published in relevant national and regional print media and their online versions from 2015 until 2020. The results show that the visual depiction of walls, wires, control, law and order, modern technological equipment, security providers, and important political authorities have been often intensified with sensational headlines and tabloid coverage and at the same time confronted with images framing migrants as violent and deviant, threatening borders, people, and security.
Heritage of monuments from the Second World War and the Informbiro period in the Dimitrovgrad region
Authors: Anđelković Miša
Published: November 2023

In the former Caribrod, now Dimitrovgrad, a partisan resistance movement against fascism arose during 1944. After the liberation of these regions in September 1944, the male population of military age was mobilized into the NOVJ. Some of these soldiers died. During the war, there were also civilian victims of fascist terror. After the war, with the outbreak of the Information Bureau crisis, the Dimitrovgrad region became the scene of border incidents in which some Yugoslav border guards were killed. Today, the monuments described in this manuscript bear witness to those times. In addition to field research of places where individual monuments are located, the author used unpublished sources and documentation found in the Historical Archive in Pirot, the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbian Belgrade and the "Detko Petrov" National Library in Dimitrovgrad, as well as published literature.
Identities the population in Knjaževac Budžak
Authors: Krstić Dejan
Published: November 2023

This paper gives data about the identities of people in the area of Knjaževac Budžak, obtained through interviews with informants during fieldwork in 2010. Interviews were conducted as a part of a researches carried out for a PhD thesis "The construction of the Torlaks' identity in Serbia and Bulgaria", defended on the Faculty of philosophy in Belgrade in 2014. The data cast the light on a complex and multy-layer picture of this area and, in relation to its people, reveal the content of local, regional, and national identity names (endonyms and egzonyms): Piroćanci, Budžaklije, Kalanci, Svrljižani (Svrližanje), Timočani (Timočanje), Bugari (and Bugaraši), Srbi, Šopi and others. At the end of the paper, transcripts of parts of the conversations with the tellers are given.
Ethnobotanical use of plants from the genus Galium in the Pirot District
Authors: Marković Marija , Pljevljakušić Dejan , Pančić Anđela , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Nikolić Biljana , Stankov-Jovanović Vesna
Published: November 2023

The subject of this paper was the investigation of the ethnobotanical application of plants from the genus Galium in the Pirot District (Southeastern Serbia). The study was conducted in the form of surveys among the rural population in four municipalities. The mentioned plant species from respondents were G. aparine, G. odoratum and G. verum. The use of G. odoratum against bile disease was mentioned. Both G. aparine and G. verum are used for the treatment of inflammation of the oral cavity. G. aparine is additionally useful for the treatment of cardiac diseases, and cancerous diseases. G. verum is also useful against fainting, hoarseness, kidney and bladder diseases, skin diseases, and diabetes. The mentioned ethnopharmacological uses of G. aparine, and uses of G. verum against fainting, inflammation of oral cavity, hoarseness, and diabetes, as well as the ritual use of G. verum against evil eye for women are different and new in presented investigation in comparison with previously conducted ethnobotanical studies in Serbia and Balkan Peninsula.
Exploring how demographic factors influence consumer attitudes and technology usage
Authors: Kiburu Lydiah , Boso Nathaniel , Njiraini Nancy
Published: November 2023

As technology continue to define lifestyle and interactions, firms are increasingly seeking empirical evidence on how consumers' attitudes towards technology influence technology usage. There is inadequate research from the emerging markets on the extent to which demographic factors influence the relationship between consumer attitudes and technology usage. This study therefore addressed this gap by using data from mobile banking users in Kenya to test the moderating role of education levels, age, levels of income and gender. Kenya was preferred study context because of the high penetration and levels of mobile technology usage. Results show that only education levels had statistically significant influence. Theoretical and consumer management implications as well as avenues for additional research are discussed. The study discusses the implications of the study from a theoretical, empirical, policy and industry practice perspective. Future research directions are also recommended.
A cognitively valuable reminder and memory of Vojin Milić's sociological contribution - Ž. Manić and A. Mirkov (eds.): The Sociological Legacy of Vojin Milić - 100th Anniversary of His Birth, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Philosophy - Institute of Sociological Research, 2022, 158 pp.
Authors: Milošević Božo
Published: November 2023

This opinion/review deals with a valuable collection of sociological articles that were previously presented at an especially organised scientific meeting at the Institute for Sociological Research of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, which was held in September 2022, to honour 100th anniversary of the birth of Vojin Milić, an influential Serbian (and former Yugoslav) sociologist. The authors of these articles are predominantly younger-generation sociologists, whose professors were Milić's former undergraduate students, master or doctoral students. In the nine original articles that these proceedings contain, the scientific contributions of Vojin Milić are systematically analysed in five key areas of sociology (sociological theory, history of sociological thought, methodology of sociological research, sociology of knowledge, and sociology of science). The authors of the articles presented in a very structured, systematic and critical manner some of Milić's most important views, which make him recognisable among sociologists even after more than a quarter of a century since his passing. It is indisputable that they made a valuable effort to reaffirm what is most noteworthy from the domestic cognitive (sociological) legacy, which contributed to international reputation of Serbian sociology and thus allowed for a more substantial and comprehensive introduction of it to the domestic younger generations in science
The issue of Depopulation in selected Southeast European countries through an analytical prism of the human safety concept
Authors: Đorđević Ivica , Džigurski Ozren , Dželetović Milenko
Published: November 2023

Of the ten selected countries in Southeast Europe, seven recorded a demographic deficit during the period 2006-2019. The timeframe of this research is conditional upon the availability of data and the fact that due to the Covid-19 pandemic, data relative to the post-2019 period are not relevant. Using the human security concept as an analytical framework, with the help of statistical analysis based on selected indicators, we have reached the result that the health situation to a highest degree contributed to Slovenia, Montenegro and North Macedonia maintaining approximately the same number of inhabitants, while Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Croatia, and Romania recorded a demographic deficit. Research shows that the long-term development strategies of countries should be based on the quality of life of citizens in order to ensure their sustainability and survival.
Changes in the national structure of Serbia's population at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Stojšin Snežana
Published: November 2023

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the national structure of Serbia's population according to the 2022 Census and the changes occurring since the beginning of the 21st century.(Census, 2002) to date (Census, 2022). The research starts from the assumption that there have not been substantial changes in the national structure of Serbia's population in comparison to two previous censuses (2002 and 2011), but that certain changes can be seen at the municipal level. During the observed period, the number of Serbia's inhabitants dropped by 850,998. The data analysis shows that the reduction in the number of inhabitants was seen in almost all ethnic groups during the observed period. There was an increase in the number of members of Bosniak, Roma, Albanian and Russian nationalities. All ethnic groups are older in comparison to the previous censuses.
Two decades of depopulation in Serbia 2002-2022
Authors: Marinković Ivan
Published: November 2023

The main characteristic of the population changes in Serbia since the beginning of the 21st century is increasingly pronounced depopulation. The difference in the number of births and deaths is continuously increasing to the detriment of births, and emigration traditionally exceeds immigration during the entire analyzed period 2002-2022. The problem in the analysis of population dynamics in Serbia is the lack of methodological consistency in the results of population censuses, so the main goal of this paper is the methodological harmonization of census data to see as realistically as possible the population changes in the period of the last three censuses in 2002, 2011 and 2022. Overall, the depopulation in Serbia is by about 135,000 higher in the period 2002-2022, if we correct the officially published data, while the importance of the negative net migration in the total population changes has increased to over 20%. Population decline is present in as many as 95% of the settlements in Serbia.
Adaptation strategies of shea and African locust bean tree managers in agricultural fields in a context of climatic variability: A case study from three regions of Burkina Faso (West Africa)
Authors: Pawendkisgou Yanogo , Yaméogo Joseph
Published: November 2023

Agricultural field trees constitute social nets for rural households in Burkina Faso. However, in recent decades they have been affected by climate variability, which has led to a significant reduction in the populations of dominant species such as shea and African locust within them. The objective of this study is therefore to determine the adaptation strategies developed by managers, as well as the factors influencing these strategies to cope with the changing environment. The methodology deployed for this purpose consists of primary and secondary data collection. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the collected data. The study revealed that more than 70% of the tree managers are men and the majority of them are illiterate, with households of 5-15 children. In addition, more than 80% of the managers have agriculture as their main activity, and the size of their holdings is between 1ha and 10ha. Three strategies are used by tree managers in agricultural fields. The proactive strategy aims to anticipate the consequences of climate variability. The reactive strategy aims to react to the effects of climate variability. The strategy of silvicultural techniques consists of pruning, grafting and assisting the trees. However, the choice of strategies is influenced by the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. For example, the proactive strategy is influenced by education level, household size and income from non-timber forest products. For the reactive strategy, the size of the holding and the level of education have an effect on the choice of strategy. For the silvicultural techniques strategy, age and education level have an impact on the choice of strategy. It is then up to the relevant authorities to work in the light of these results to initiate actions to strengthen the coping strategies of the people managing the trees in the agricultural fields.
Mergers and Acquisitions and their effects on Firms objectives: African perspective
Authors: Patrick Mary Kavele , Makolo Yassin Opondo , Kamau Charles Guandaru
Published: November 2023

Mergers and acquisitions are widely seen as a long-term strategy for resolving financial problems in corporations. This research study that is primarily based on a desk review established that this commercial enterprise approach has given mixed findings, such as failing to establish that the stated factors led to the manner of mergers and acquisitions, nor has it published an increase in profitability of commercial enterprise financial performance due to mergers and acquisitions. However, all mergers and acquisitions are no longer unsuccessful due to some factors like monetary, advertising, and operational problems. Thus, there are other important factors that influence mergers and acquisitions, such as value creation, "cultural" integration, and profitability. According to the study's findings, mergers and acquisitions have a positive impact on financial institutions' net income in the form of in-creased wealth, decreased effective spending, and increased revenue growth.
Fed Transparency and Policy Expectation Errors: A Text Analysis Approach
Authors: Fischer Eric , McCaughrin Rebecca , Prazad Saketh , Vandergon Mark
Published: November 2023

This paper seeks to estimate the extent to which market-implied policy expectations could be improved with further information disclosure from the FOMC. Using text analysis methods based on large language models, we show that if FOMC meeting materials with five-year lagged release dates—like meeting transcripts and Tealbooks—were accessible to the public in real time, market policy expectations could substantially improve forecasting accuracy. Most of this improvement occurs during easing cycles. For instance, at the six-month forecasting horizon, the market could have predicted as much as 125 basis points of additional easing during the 2001 and 2008 recessions, equivalent to a 40-50 percent reduction in mean squared error. This potential forecasting improvement appears to be related to incomplete information about the Fed’s reaction function, particularly with respect to financial stability concerns in 2008. In contrast, having enhanced access to meeting materials would not have improved the market’s policy rate forecasting during tightening cycles.
The Confluence Model of Sexual Aggression: The role of pornography as a secondary risk factor
Authors: Saqib Sundus , Davidson Myles
Published: November 2023

The Confluence Model (CM) highlights the role of Hostile Masculinity (HM) and Impersonal Sex (IS) as primary risk factors for sexual aggression. According to the CM, pornography is a secondary risk factor for sexual aggression among men who are high in HM and IS. The role of pornography consumption in the CM has produced divergent findings; however, a subset of men use pornography for mood management (to cope with negative emotions). These men are at risk of developing problematic pornography use, suggesting a need to consider motives for pornography use in the context of the CM. The present study tested the CM with a focus on the role of pornography as a mood management motive in a sample of males (n = 412). The central components of the CM (HM and IS) were associated with sexual aggression. There was also an independent association between the mood management motive of watching pornography and sexual aggression, suggesting that the mood management motive of watching pornography may be an independent risk factor for sexual aggression. In contrast to our hypothesis, the mood management motive did not moderate the association between the primary risk factors (HM, IS) and sexual aggression. The findings of this study replicate past findings and build on the literature by suggesting that pornography use as mood management is predictive of sexual aggression.
Perspectives on Labor Migration: Insights from Kazakhstan
Authors: Shapievich Khamzin Amangeldy , Amangeldinovna Khamzina Zhanna , Shinzhrhanovich Daubassov Sabit , Zhursunovitch Kuandykov Bakhytzhan , Abiltayevich Buribayev Yermek
Published: November 2023

Kazakhstan's labor migration management is currently faced with pressing challenges. These include a disparity between attracting labor migrants and effectively regulating their flow, a lack of tools to assess regional demand for skilled foreign workers, and inadequate systems to monitor migrant movement and placement. Moreover, there's a pronounced brain drain across various industries without efficient strategies to retain this talent. This research proposes evidence-based strategies for establishing an integrated labor migration regulation system. Our goal is to refine Kazakhstan's migration policy, strengthen its legislative framework, and offer actionable recommendations for government bodies. The methodological foundation is built on a blend of general scientific and specialized legal methodologies, drawing insights from comparative jurisprudence. These methodologies encompass system-structural, historical-legal, socio-legal, and comparative legal approaches, ensuring a holistic, nuanced, and comprehensive research strategy.
Katalysator der Polykrise
Authors: Märtin Lukas , Mühlbach Carl
Published: November 2023

Am 15. November 2023 hat das Bundesverfassungsgericht (BVerfG) zum ersten Mal über die Vorschriften der Schuldenbremse im Grundgesetz entschieden. Das nun ergangene Urteil verdeutlicht erneut, dass die aktuelle Ausgestaltung des Staatsschuldenrechts in eine finanzrechtliche, vor allem aber finanzpolitische Sackgasse führt. So setzt sich im Urteil durch die restriktive Auslegung der Schuldenbremse die Entpolitisierung des parlamentarischen Haushalts- und Budgetrechts, die „Königsdisziplin des Parlaments“, fort. Daneben beschränkt das Urteil auf erhebliche Art und Weise die Handlungsfähigkeit des Staates und versetzt auch der Wehrhaftigkeit der Demokratie einen Dämpfer. Letztlich ist die Schuldenbremse, wie sie sich nun durch das Urteil darstellt, ein Todesstoß für politisches Denken in langfristigen Zusammenhängen – obgleich dieser Gedanke vom BVerfG erst vor zwei Jahren im sogenannten Klima-Beschluss prominent angebracht wurde.
When Law Fails Us
Authors: Bossow Anja
Published: November 2023

The new toughness of migration policy and the loss of the belief that what the law permits and forbids, ultimately still remains significant.
Lagged effect of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on decadal variation in global land precipitation
Authors: Liang Lili , Liang Shijing , Li Laurent Z. X. , Yuan Huiling , Zeng Zhenzhong
Published: November 2023

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), as the leading mode of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific, modulates the global temperature and precipitation. While previous studies have shown a negative relationship between the global precipitation and the PDO, the time-delayed feature of this relationship remains underexplored. Here we investigate the lagged effect of the decadal variations in the PDO on the global land precipitation using cross-correlation at multiple scales. We find that there is a delayed response of precipitation to the PDO, with the regional correlation peaking at a certain delay and gradually decreasing with increasing lag time. We note the asymmetric impacts of the positive and negative PDO phases on precipitation. Seasonal analysis reveals that the PDO is related to land precipitation during the subsequent season relative to the rest of the year, with the highest correlation occurring in the boreal winter. The delay in response is likely due to the constant SST forcing of the PDO to the atmospheric circulation. This study highlights the lag duration of the PDO�Cprecipitation relationship, potentially enriching our understanding of this relationship and enhancing climate predictions on decadal timescales.
การทวนสอบวิธีและการศึกษาปริมาณการปนเปื้อนสารอะฟลาทอกซินเอ็ม1 ในนมและผลิตภัณฑ์นม
Authors: ช่างสุพรรณ อภิษฐา
Published: November 2023

อะฟลาทอกซินเอ็ม1 (AFM1)  เป็นสารพิษที่เกิดจากเมทาบอลิซึมของสารพิษอะฟลาทอกซินบี1 (AFB1) เกิดขึ้นภายในร่างกายสัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมที่บริโภคอาหารสัตว์ที่มีการปนเปื้อน AFB1 เข้าไปจะถูกเมทาบอลิซึมโดยเอนไซม์ ในเซลล์ตับเปลี่ยนเป็น AFM1 และถูกขับออกมาทางน้ำนม ปัญหาการปนเปื้อนสารพิษอะฟลาทอกซินในอาหารสัตว์ และน้ำนมนั้นมีผลกระทบกับความปลอดภัยของผู้บริโภคทั้งในทางตรงและทางอ้อม หากได้รับอย่างต่อเนื่องอาจเพิ่มความเสี่ยงในการเกิดโรคมะเร็งในตับ  คณะกรรมาธิการอาหารระหว่างประเทศ (Codex Alimentarius Commission) ที่กำหนดให้มีการปนเปื้อนของอะฟลาทอกซินเอ็ม1ในน้ำนม น้อยกว่า 0.5 ไมโครกรัม/กิโลกรัม ดังนั้นงานวิจัยนี้ศึกษาวิธีทดสอบสารพิษอะฟลาทอกซินเอ็ม1 (AFM1)   โดยตรวจวัดด้วยเครื่อง HPLC เมื่อได้สภาวะที่เหมาะสมในการทดสอบ และจากการทวนสอบความใช้ได้ของวิธี พบว่ามีความสัมพันธ์เชิงเส้นในระดับความเข้มข้น 0.1 ถึง 50 ไมโครกรัม/ลิตร ขีดจำกัดการตรวจพบ (limit of detection, LOD) เท่ากับ 0.001 ไมโครกรัม/ลิตร  ขีดจำกัดการวัดปริมาณ (limit of quantitation, LOQ) เท่ากับ 0.004 ไมโครกรัม/ลิตร โดยค่าความแม่น  (accuracy) แสดงด้วยร้อยละการคืนกลับและความเที่ยง (precision) แสดงด้วยร้อยละของส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน (relative standard deviation %RSD) รวมทั้งค่าความไม่แน่นอน เป็นไปตามเกณฑ์การยอมรับของวิธีทดสอบ   นอกจากนี้ได้สุ่มตัวอย่างนมสดจากฟาร์มโคนม ในพื้นที่จังหวัดนครราชสีมา และสระบุรี นมและผลิตภัณฑ์นมตามท้องตลาดในเขตพื้นที่กรุงเทพมหานคร จังหวัดนครราชสีมา และสระบุรี นำมาทำการทดสอบพบว่าสารพิษอะฟลาทอกซินเอ็ม1มีค่าอยู่ระหว่าง ไม่พบ ถึง 0.0552 ไมโครกรัมต่อกิโลกรัม
Verification of IRT with the peltier technique
Authors: Variyart Weerachai , Chinchusak Wanchai
Published: November 2023

Recently, the demand for infrared thermometers (IRT) is increasing continuously. They are widely used in many applications, such as measuring temperature at the screening points and public health facilities to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. However, it is not reliable due to their limit of tolerance, which results in an increased risk of the epidemic of the COVID-19 virus.Verifying those IRTs with a black body can be costly and unnecessarily for high accuracy. Techniques for verifying the IRT with smart kits are detailed in the document of ASTM E1965-98 [1]. By using these techniques for the smart kit, the measuring range with the accuracy of ± 0.3°C can be cover up the temperature of 36°C to 39°C. These methods of verification also improve the efficiency and reliability of infrared thermometers.
¿Qué es un clásico?
Authors: Raschieri Amedeo A.
Published: November 2023

Two examples of classicus with the meaning of ‘student’ (dict. 9 = 85 Vogel) and one example of classicum with the meaning of ‘social class’ (epist. 9.34 = 463 Vogel) have been recognised in Ennodius’ work. In fact, in the three cases it is a masculine noun, classicus, to be interpreted as ‘member of the high social class’ in a manner consistent with the socio-political use of the term as witnessed in a famous passage by Aulus Gellius (6.13).

En la obra de Ennodio se han reconocido dos ejemplos de classicus con el significado de ‘estudiante’ (dict. 9 = 85 Vogel) y uno de classicum con el significado de ‘clase social’ (epist. 9.34 = 463 Vogel). De hecho, en los tres casos se trata de un sustantivo masculino, classicus, que debe interpretarse como ‘miembro de la clase social elevada’, de forma coherente con el uso sociopolítico del término, como testimonia un famoso pasaje de Aulo Gelio (6.13).
Probability of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogens in long-distance passenger transport
Authors: Burdzik Rafał
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a description of the methodology developed for estimation of pathogen transmission in transport and the results of the case study application for long-distance passenger transport. The primary objective is to report the method developed and the application for case studies in various passenger transport services. The most important findings and achievements of the presented study are the original universal methodology to estimate the probability of pathogen transmission with full mathematical disclosure and an open process formula, to make it possible to take other specific mechanisms of virus transmission when providing transport services. The results presented conducted an analysis on the mechanisms of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogens during the transport process, to examine the chain of events as a result of which passengers may be infected. The author proposed a new method to estimate the probability of transmission of viral pathogens using the probability theory of the sum of elementary events. This is a new approach in this area, the advantage of which is a fully explicit mathematical formula that allows the method to be applied to various cases. The findings of this study can facilitate the management of epidemic risk in passenger transport operators and government administration. It should be clearly emphasised that the developed method and estimated values are the probabilities of pathogen transmission. Estimating the probability of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogen is not the same as the probability of viral infection, and more so the probability of contracting COVID-19. Viral infection strongly depends on viral mechanisms, exposure doses, and contact frequency. The probability of contracting COVID-19 and its complications depends on the individual characteristics of the immune system, even with confirmed viral infection. However, it is undoubtedly that the probability of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogen is the most reliable measure of infection risk, which can be estimated according to the objective determinants of pathogen transmission.
Inference processes in the automatic communication system for autonomous vessels
Authors: Pańka Anna , Wołejsza Piotr
Published: November 2023

The era of autonomous ships has already begun in maritime transport. The 30-year forecast for the development of marine technologies predicts many autonomous vessels at sea. This will necessitate radical implementation of new intelligent maritime navigation systems. One of the intelligent systems that has to be implemented is a collision avoidance system. The inference process is a key element of autonomous manoeuvres. These authors propose an inference process that enables exchange of information, intentions and expectations between autonomous vessels and gives them an opportunity to negotiate a safe manoeuvre satisfying all the parties concerned. The model of inference in the communication process has been presented. Methods and algorithms for information exchange and negotiation have been developed. These models were implemented and tested under various conditions. The results of case studies indicate that it is possible to effectively communicate and negotiate used the developed method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach over 30 random simulations have been carried out. After successful laboratory tests, over 100 scenarios were executed in quasi-real conditions and fully operational conditions. Tests were carried out in the center of the Foundation for the Safety of Navigation and Environmental Protection on Lake Silm in Iława, Poland. In the framework of project AVAL (Autonomous Vessel with an Air Look) POIR.04.01.04-00-0025-16,  82 random scenarios involving four vessels were performed and 60 random scenarios with two vessels. In 2020 tests were carried out in real conditions on the ferries Wolin and m/f Gryf. The communication and negotiation system presented in the article has been designed and developed specially for maritime navigation purposes. The authors believe that the presented solution can be one of various solutions implemented in autonomous shipping in the near future.
The Case for a Human Rights Act Based Approach to Unfair Dismissals Engaging Convention Rights: Challenging Judicial Attitudes and Assessing Potential
Authors: Shellum Alex
Published: November 2023

The protection which the law of unfair dismissal offers to those dismissed in circumstances which engage their rights under the European Convention on Human Rights is anaemic. In such circumstances, judges continue to take a deferential approach to managerial discretion. This paper seeks to make the argument that judges should apply the same rigorous standards in unfair dismissal cases as they do in public law under the Human Rights Act. In doing so, the author challenges prevailing judicial attitudes in labour law, including a critical treatment of the judgment in Turner v East Midlands Trains, and assesses the impact that a genuine Human Rights Act based approach would have on this area.
At the Junction of Consumer Protection: Dual Role of Data Protection in EU Competition Law
Authors: WONG Chun Sang , CHAN Sze Lam
Published: November 2023

Consumer data extraction in the digital economy raises competition concerns for its potential detriments on consumer welfare. However, competition law seems to lack the normative mechanism to analyse consumer behaviours over their data. Viewing from the German competition authority’s recent attempt to incorporate data protection law into the competition law assessment, the central question for this Note is whether the courts should allow such attempt, and if so, in what ways. This Note argues that data protection law can complement competition law in protecting consumers while recognising the integrities of the respective regimes. The authors propose that data protection has a dual role to play in the competition framework under different circumstances, either as a non-price benchmark in deciding whether the conduct in question is anti-competitive, or a threshold requirement in approving pro-competitive conducts.
The Status of Natural or Legal Persons According to the Annulment Procedure Post-Lisbon
Authors: Kucko Magdalena
Published: November 2023

In 2007, the Lisbon Treaty introduced changes to private parties’ rights to file actions for annulment of European Union measures. As pre-Lisbon, it was exceedingly difficult for private parties to succeed in filing such an action, the aim of the new Article 263 TFEU was primarily to relax standing conditions for these actors. However, as the new provision contained terms that were not defined anywhere else in the Treaty, it took several decisions of the European Court of Justice to clarify the position of private parties under Lisbon. By analysing both the pre- and post- Lisbon case law of the European Court of Justice, this article identifies that the new Article 263 TFEU now contains two different standing tests: the ‘general standing test’ for legislative acts where applicants have to prove direct and individual concern, and the ‘Lisbon test’ of direct concern for regulatory acts that do not contain implementing measures. It concludes that, while the Lisbon Treaty has made it easier for natural or legal persons to challenge non-legislative acts of general application, the status of private parties wishing to challenge European Union acts that have been adopted under the ordinary legislative procedure has remained unchanged.
Regulating Political Advertisement in the United Kingdom: A Case for Extending the Statutory Ban of Political Advertisement on Television and Radio to Digital Platforms.
Authors: Hawath Mariam
Published: November 2023

The question of political advertising on digital platforms continues to divide stakeholders: major players in this industry have adopted differing policies with regards to this type of advertising. This paper argues that it is time for lawmakers in the United Kingdom to consider a statutory ban on political advertising on digital platforms similar to the one imposed on television and radio broadcast as per the Communications Act 2003. Given the possible analogy between traditional broadcasting content and platform content, it is now untenable to apply distinct regulatory regimes. Additionally, there are clear drawbacks to leaving online platforms to self-regulate this issue. Combined, the similarities between platforms and traditional broadcasters and the flaws of self-regulation, provide an argument in favour of extending the ban on political advertising to digital platforms.
Putting Consent in its Place: Proceduralism and Paternalism in Data Protection Law
Authors: Shahizam Shukri
Published: November 2023

It is highly likely that any discussion on EU data protection law begins with the notion of consent. Yet, this carries the danger that a disproportionate load is placed on consent as a regulatory tool. This letter argues that although consent can – and should –  play an important role in conceptualizing data protection, its reliance cannot be to the extent that it overshadows substantive restrictions on data processing. Instead, regulators should grasp the nettle and accept that modern asymmetries between data subjects and data controllers make paternalist approaches to data protection a necessity.
Pacta Sunt Servanda: Contrasting Disgorgement Damages with Efficient Breaches under Article 74 CISG
Authors: Eicher Florence
Published: November 2023

The contractual remedy of disgorgement damages has increasingly gained acceptance in international legal practice. Disgorgement of profits can result from a situation in which contractual breach is incentivised due to its financial superiority, ie profitability, over the proper fulfilment of the initial contract. In this situation, the aggrieved party can raise a claim for disgorgement damages, meaning it can claim the profits that the breaching party has made as a result of the breach. This differs from compensatory damages focusing solely on the loss of the aggrieved party. The calls for acceptance of disgorgement damages as an acceptable remedy under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (‘CISG’) specifically do not only stem from emerging international case law, but disgorgement as an applicable remedy under Article 74 CISG is also supported by leading CISG scholars such as Ingeborg Schwenzer and Pascal Hachem. This paper analyses the recoverability of disgorgement damages under Article 74 CISG, including an assessment of possible additional requirements a prima facie case needs to fulfil for the remedy to apply. The affirmative view to the applicability of disgorgement damages will be contrasted with the opposing concept of efficient breach.