bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Two Final Irrigation Techniques for the Removal of Precipitate Formed by the Interaction between Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine
Authors: Dinesh K , Hegde Swaroop , Bhandi Shilpa H , Metri Malasiddappa , Indiresha HN , Nagaraj Shruthi
Published: December 2015

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of two final irrigation techniques for the removal of precipitate formed by the interaction between sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX).

Materials and methods

Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary incisor teeth were taken and randomly divided into three groups, containing 20 teeth each. Group 1 (control group), were irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl and a final flush with 5 ml of 2% chlorhexidine. Group 2 were irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl and 5 ml of 2% chlorhexidine followed by 5 ml of saline and agitated with F-files. Group 3 were irrigated with 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl and 5 ml of 2% chlorhexidine followed by 5 ml of 15% citric acid and passively agitated with ultrasonics. A thin longitudinal groove was made along the buccal and lingual aspect of the root using diamond disks and split with chisel and mallet. Both halves of the split tooth will be examined under stereomicroscope. Results were tabulated and analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann- Whitney U test.

Result

There was a significant difference between the mean values (p < 0.05) in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 at each level.

Conclusion

Passive ultrasonic irrigation is more effective than the F-file agitation technique to remove the precipitate at all three levels measured.

Clinical significance

Combination of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine irrigation protocol has been practiced since from many years to achieve good results. However, it has adverse effect in the form of precipitate and which is considered to be a carcinogenic in nature, hence this precipitate should be removed.

How to cite this article

Metri M, Hegde S, Dinesh K, Indiresha HN, Nagaraj S, Bhandi SH. Comparative Evaluation of Two Final Irrigation Techniques for the Removal of Precipitate Formed by the Interaction between Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):850-853.
Cleaning of Root Canal System by Different Irrigation Methods
Authors: de Toledo Leonardo Renato , Chávez-Andrade Gisselle Moraima , Tanomaru-Filho Mario , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Miano Lucas Martinati , Torres Fernanda Ferrari Esteves
Published: December 2015

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning of main and lateral canals using the irrigation methods: negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac system), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and manual irrigation (MI).

Materials and methods

Resin teeth were used. After root canal preparation, four lateral canals were made at 2 and 7 mm from the apex. Root canals were filled with contrast solution and radiographed pre- and post-irrigation using digital radiographic system [radiovisiography (RVG)]. The irrigation protocols were: MI1—manual irrigation [22 G needle at 5 mm short of working length-WL]; MI2—manual irrigation (30G needle at 2 mm short of WL); PUI; EV1—EndoVac (microcannula at 1 mm short of WL); EV2—Endovac (microcannula at 3 mm short of WL). The obtained images, initial (filled with contrast solution) and final (after irrigation) were analyzed by using image tool 3.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (5% significance level).

Results

EV1 and EV2, followed by PUI showed better cleaning capacity than manual irrigation (MI1 and MI2) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Negative pressure irrigation and PUI promoted better cleaning of main and simulated lateral canals.

Clinical significance

Conventional manual irrigation technique may promote less root canal cleaning in the apical third. For this reason, the search for other irrigation protocols is important, and EndoVac and PUI are alternatives to contribute to irrigation effectiveness.

How to cite this article

Tanomaru-Filho M, Miano LM, Chávez-Andrade GM, Torres FFE, de Toledo RL, Guerreir-Tanomaru JM. Cleaning of Root Canal System by Different Irrigation Methods. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):859-863.
A Comparative Study of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, Depression and Change in Sexual Functioning of Patients with Facial Injuries and Patients with Extremity Injuries
Authors: Kumar Dilip , Raghuveer HP , Prashanth NT , Shobha ES , Rangan Vinod , Rao TSS
Published: December 2015

Background

This study was performed to identify and compare the presence of and the levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and if any change in sexual functioning is present in patients with disfiguring facial injuries, nondisfiguring facial injuries and visible extremity injuries.

Materials and methods

A total of 378 patients from multi modal trauma centers in Bengaluru city were included for the study. A total of 153 patients were those who had disfiguring facial injuries, 111 patients with nondisfiguring facial injuries and 114 patients had sustained a visible extremity injury that was not covered by clothing (disfigurement /scarring). The assessments were carried out at three time intervals (the date of discharge, 1 month postoperatively and 6 months postoperatively) of the follow-up.

The impact of events scale (IES), the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and changes in sexual functioning questionnaire (CSFQ) were used.

Results

Statistically significant higher means of IES, HADS (both for anxiety and depression) were present in patients with disfiguring facial injuries compared to patients with nondisfiguring facial injuries and visible extremity injuries and this was present at all three study intervals (date of discharge, 1st postoperative month and 6th postoperative month). There was a statistically significant change in the means of CSFQ scores of visible extremity injuries compared to other groups at the date of discharge bordering on sexual dysfunction, there was a raise in CSFQ scores among all three groups at the 1st postoperative month and the 6th postoperative month which was above the dysfunction cut-off.

Conclusion

The results of this study led to the conclusion that in comparison with patients who had sustained disfiguring facial injuries, nondisfiguring facial injuries and visible extremity/ orthopedic injuries, the mean IES scores, HADS scores for both anxiety and depression of the facial disfiguring injury patients was higher at all three study intervals (date of discharge, 1st postoperative month and 6 months postoperatively), indicating higher PTSD levels, anxiety and depression in patients with disfiguring facial injuries, CSFQ scores were above the cutoff suggested at the 1st month and 6th month postoperative indicating no sexual dysfunction in all the three groups.

How to cite this article

Prashanth NT, Raghuveer HP, Kumar D, Shobha ES, Rangan V, Rao TSS. A Comparative Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, Depression and Change in Sexual Functioning of Patients with Facial Injuries and Patients with Extremity Injuries. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11): 884-892.
Malkom Khan’s Thoughts on Political Modernization from Bottom in Iran
Authors: Shahriari Kamyab , Ku Samsu Ku Hasnita
Published: December 2015

Malkom Khan in the second period of his political activity either as activist or as political thinker chose a different approach to political modernization. In this period, instead of addressing the monarch and government to gain their support for modernization, he addressed the people and adopted the approach of political modernization from bottom. In this period Malkom Khan proposed the idea of parliamentary constitutional monarchy and introduced this kind of government as the most proper government for Iran and in this regard for the first time he proposed the formation of the national consultative assembly, with its representatives elected not by the monarch but by the people. In line with parliamentary constitutional monarchy Malkom Khan proposed new and modern structures and institutions in order to achieve the political modernization program. Research result shows that his political thoughts faced a major shift. Unlike the first period of his thoughts during which his idea of political modernization was based on state building, in this period it is based on nation building and in order to prevent possible opposition from the clergy and conservative and religious segment of the populace to his thoughts and also in order to attract the support of the progressive class of clergymen with his political modernization thoughts he advocated a reconciliation of modern political thoughts with Islamic beliefs and teachings.
The Effect of Social, Culture and Economy of Dampelas during Dutch and Banawa Hegemony
Authors: Nadjamuddin Lukman
Published: December 2015

This research tries to express that a problem of competition over Dampelas land must be seen in the context, namely the land is a combination of social, `~ cultural and economic aspects. Historical sources for this research are consisted in some archives, contemporary newspapers, journals and research rapports. The aim of it is to explain that Dampelas as a part of Afdeling van Midden Celebes in the past was under control of two powers, namely Banawa in Donggala and the Dutch colonial power, based in Makassar, then Manado. In the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, Dampelas was a strategic punt for the Dutch position in Banawa. Dutch tried to take over a control of all forest products in Dampelas, without any concession for local natives. Under King Lamarauna, the Dutch annexed Dampelas without any cost and ruled it as autonomy of Banawa. Lord of Dampelas got a freedom for ruling his land.
Personal Strategy and Change Readiness
Authors: Zif Jehiel
Published: December 2015

Guidelines for developing personal strategy are based on strategic concepts for business and a framework of well-being. The notion is that effective strategy has to balance a deliberate and specific plan with an evolving strategy of change as a result of new opportunities and threats. The set of personal objectives to be prioritized are a modified version of flourishing components in positive psychology. Alternative life styles are presented based on the objectives. The building blocks of the strategy are borrowed from the Balanced Score Card methodology. The paper emphasizes the importance of personal strengths in choosing initiatives for action. The approach to change is constructed by three variables of change readiness: trigger identification, preparation for action and mode of action.
Public QoS and Net Neutrality Measurements: Current Status and Challenges Toward Exploitable Results
Authors: Koukoutsidis Ioannis
Published: December 2015

The interest for Quality of Service (QoS) measurements in the Internet has exceeded the boundaries of research laboratories and passed into the public domain. The Internet is treated as a public utility, and users are given the right to access Internet content of their choice at an adequate quality. This coincides with the sustained interest for net neutrality (NN), basic safeguards for which are being taken in countries all over the world. Today, several tools have become available that empower end-users to measure the performance of their Internet connection and detect NN violations. However, the value that end-users obtain with these measurements is still small and the results are not being exploited satisfactorily by regulatory authorities, policy makers, and consumers. In this article, we perform a detailed review of the tools that are currently available for public QoS and NN measurements and explore three challenges that must be met in order to extract more value from the results: (a) Harmonization of measurement methodologies of basic performance parameters (throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss); (b) the creation of a toolbox for detecting and monitoring NN violations; and (c) the use of a proper sampling plan for producing estimates over population groups.
New technique: AlloDerm® interposition arthroplasty of thumb carpo-metacarpal joint
Authors: Wise David Miller
Published: December 2015

Excision arthroplasty is an alternative procedure for degenerative arthritis of the trapezium carpal bone that has failed non-surgical treatment. Autologous or heterologous interposition materials are used following excision of the trapezium, but may not prevent first metacarpal-scaphoid joint collapse or subsidence. AlloDerm® is a cadaver-harvested, immunologically inert dermal collagen graft. This report documents the uncomplicated use of AlloDerm® in 13 thumbs of 9 patients who had first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint excision interposition arthroplasty for degenerative arthritis. Joints functioned well after arthroplasty with AlloDerm®. These clinical results compare favorably to results in 6 Silicon implant CMC arthroplasty patients, and 3 autologous dermal graft CMC arthroplasty patients.   Future clinical research, on joint stability, the durability of this collagen graft, newer dermal collagen substrates, and prevention of metacarpal subsidence, will determine the ultimate role of AlloDerm® in interposition arthroplasty.
BCL-1 Gene Rearrangements in Iranian Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Tohidirad Manoush , Estiar Mehrdad Asghari , Rezamand Azim , Ghorbian Saeid , Andalib Sasan , Jahanzad Issa , Bahrami Tayyeb , Sakhinia Ebrahim
Published: December 2015

In the present study, our aim was to assess the incidence of BCL-1 gene rearrangements in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The BIOMED-2 protocol was applied to assess the BCL-1 gene rearrangements in NHL patients. PCR amplification was carried out on FFPE in 100 patients with B-cell lymphoma including 89 cases with diffused large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (15 cases under 18 years old) and 11 cases with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Out of the 100 patients, 19 cases (19%) were identified to have concurrent translocation involving BCL-1. The significant association was seen between BCL-1 gene rearrangements and the lymphomas in patients older than 55 years (P<0.05). Out of 100 cases, 80 cases were positive and 20 cases were negative regarding CD20. No significant association was found between DLBCL lymphoma in patients under 18 years old and BCL-1 gene rearrangements (P>0.05). In addition, the positive and negative expressions of LCA/CD45 marker were 76% (76/100) and 26% (26/100), respectively. Our findings revealed that BCL-1 gene rearrangement assays using BIOMED-2 protocol can be considered as a valuable approach in detection of the lymphomas.
Health Promoting Lifestyle Behaviors in Menopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Asrami Fereshte Shabani , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab , Shahhosseini Zohreh
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Determining health promoting lifestyle behaviors of age-specific groups of women provides valuable information for designing health promotion intervention programs. Hence the present study was conducted to assess health promoting lifestyle behaviors in menopausal women.

METHODS: The present descriptive cross-sectional study examined health promoting lifestyle behaviors in 400 menopausal women admitted to health care centers in Neka city-north of Iran-from March 2015 to July 2015. Health promoting lifestyle behaviors were evaluated using a demographic characteristics form and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) through simple convenience sampling. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 18 using descriptive and inferential statistics at the significance level of P<0.05.

RESULTS: The mean score of participants' health promoting lifestyle behaviors was 136.43±19.61, ranging from 88 to 194. The logistic regression test revealed women's health promoting lifestyle behaviors to be significantly related to their place of residence (P=0.009, odds ratio=1.73) and their spouse's level of education (P=0.027, odds ratio=0.58). The Pearson correlation test showed significant relationships between mean score of the six sub-scale of health promoting lifestyle behaviors with each other (P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: These findings have implications for addressing the role of men to promote health promoting lifestyle behaviors among rural menopausal women.
Development of Children in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sajedi Firoozeh , Doulabi Mahbobeh Ahmadi , Vameghi Roshanak , Baghban Alireza Akbarzadeh , Mazaheri Mohammad Ali , Mahmodi Zohreh , Ghasemi Erfan
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: In order to gain a better perspective of the developmental status of children in different regions of Iran, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the factors impacting child development in Iranian studies.

MATERIALS & METHODS: Articles published in Iranian and international journals indexed in the SID, PubMed, Scopus and Magiran databases from 2001-2015 were systematically reviewed using standard and sensitive keywords. After evaluating the quality of 155 articles in the initial search, 26 articles were analyzed according to the inclusion criteria. After investigations, meta-analysis was done for six studies and the results were combined using Random Effects model, and the heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using the I2 index. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 11.2.

RESULTS: Eagger & Beggs tests, respectively with 0/273 & 0/260 did not confirm the probability of publication bias in the data, but heterogeneity in studies was confirmed (p˂0/001). On such basis, the pooled prevalence of developmental disorder based on Random Effect model was calculated to be 0.146, CI (0/107-0/184). The prevalence of developmental disorders in children in the studies reviewed was reported between 7 to 22.4%. The most important risk factors were in SES )Socio Economic Status) and Prenatal, Perinatal, Neonatal &Child groups.

CONCLUSION: More extensive studies and early intervention with respect to causes of developmental delay in children seems necessary.
Barriers Facing Primary Health Care Physicians When Dealing with Emergency Cases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aloufi Majed A. , Bakarman Marwan A.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of emergency cases reporting to Primary Health Care centers (PHC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and to explore the barriers facing PHC physicians when dealing with such emergency cases.

METHODS: A cross-sectional analytic study, where all physicians working in the PHC of the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Jeddah; were invited to participate (n=247). The study period was from July 2013 till December 2013. Data were collected through two sources. 1- A self-administered questionnaire used to determine the physicians’ perceived competence when dealing with emergency cases. 2- A structured observation sheet used to evaluate availability of equipment, drugs, ambulances and other supporting facilities required to deal with emergency cases.

RESULTS: The response rate was 83.4%. The physicians’ age ranged between 25 and 60 years with a mean ±SD of 34.4±7.5 years. Majority of them (83.5%) did not attend ATLS courses at all whereas 60.7% never attended ACLS courses. The majority (97.1%) had however attended BLS courses. Physicians in the age group 36-45 years, non-Saudi, those who had SBFM, those who reported experience in working in emergency departments and physicians who reported more working years in PHCCs (>5 years) had a significant higher score of perceived level of competence in performing emergency skill scale than others (P<0.05). The prevalence of emergency cases attending PHC in Jeddah (2013) was 5.2%.

CONCLUSION: Emergency services at PHC in Jeddah are functioning reasonably well, but require fine tuning of services and an upgrade in their quality.
Safety & Efficacy of Cyclic Zoledronic Acid Therapy on Pediatric Secondary Osteoporosis
Authors: Al-Agha Abdulmoein E. , Shaikhain Talal A. , Ashour Abdullah A.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND/AIM: Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone density and increased tendency to develop fractures. Osteoporosis in children and adolescents is a rare disease usually secondary to Medical conditions or medications given to children. The condition affects normal bone growth and development and carries with it multiple morbidities (physical and psychological) if not corrected promptly. This study aims to share our experience with Zoledronic Acid Therapy in Pediatric patients with secondary osteoporosis.

METHOD: A retrospective study which included 46 patients aged 3 to 18 years. All patients received specific doses of Zoledronic acid and were followed up at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Clinical and laboratory data were collected for each patient from their files. Adverse events were also recorded.

RESULTS: The use of Zoledronic Acid in children and adolescents appears to be statically significant reduce fracture rate (p=0.005), bone turnover markers (Osteocalcin p= 0.003, CTX p= 0.008) and pain frequency in symptomatic individuals (p=0.000). Careful selection of cases is required to provide maximum benefits compared to risks associated with therapy.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that Zoledronic acid has positive effects on clinical outcome and bone marker level as well as quality of life for Pediatric patients with Osteoporosis and their families, with no long-term side effects.
Views and Attitudes of Patients in Mental Facilities Regarding Smoking
Authors: Kourakos Michael , Kalokairinou Athina , Zyga Sophia , Koukia Evmorphia
Published: December 2015

INTRODUCTION: Smoking rates amongst people with a mental health disorder are significantly higher than in the general population and there is growing evidence to show a strong association between smoking and mental health disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate views and attitudes of mental patients regarding smoking.

MATERIAL & METHODS: The sample is composed of 356 patients treated in the Attica Psychiatric Hospital (a.k.a. “Dafni”) as well as in other Units affiliated with the Hospital. The ‘Smoking in psychiatric hospitals-a survey of patients’ views’ questionnaire was used in the form of semi-structured interviews. The PASW 18 (SPSS Inc.) package was used for the statistical analysis and statistical significance was set to p= 0.05.

RESULTS: Overall, 40% of the participants were in-patients, the rest being treated in other settings, the average length of hospital stay was 4.4 years, and the most common diagnosis (61.5.%) was schizophrenia (F20, according to ICD-10), while almost all of the participants (97.5%) were smokers. Most patients (58.8%) said they had had a hard time trying to quit smoking although they had sufficient information and encouragement (≈90%); they also reported that watching the staff smoking did not affect them inasmuch as watching other patients smoking (41 % vs 54.8%). 75.5% of the patients felt that they had no particular difficulty to quit smoking. Men smoked significantly more cigarettes per day compared to females (36.70 vs 30.82, p=0.002). There were no significant differences among males and females regarding previous attempts to quit smoking. Information gathered from such studies should be taken into account when designing systematic smoking management plans in mental institutions.

CONCLUSION: Although almost all mental patients smoke, they seem to be receptive to quitting smoking, since two thirds of them have already tried to quit, but one-third of the patients find smoking a little or not at all dangerous.
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Special School Students with Mild Intellectual Disability in Hong Kong
Authors: MOK W. K. , Ling T. K.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to predict the fruit and vegetable consumption intention of students with mild intellectual disability in Hong Kong by the application of Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour.

METHODS: 50 students with mild intellectual disability (30 male and 20 female), ranging in age from 15 to 38 years, were participated in this study. By means of face-to-face interviews, demographic data, Food Preference and variables of Theory of Planned Behaviour, such as Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavioural Control were measured.

RESULTS: 20%, 28% and 10% students with mild intellectual disability were rated to be overweight, obese and severely obese respectively. The rest of 10% were classified to be underweight. Regarding the daily intake of fruit and vegetable, 96% students with mild intellectual disability failed to consume sufficient amount. The variables of Theory of Planned Behaviour explained 47.7% of fruit and vegetable consumption intention with significant factors of Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavioural Control. Food Preference was found to be a useful construct and further improve the prediction by about 7% after incorporating into the model.

CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study indicated that Theory of Planned Behaviour is a useful model to predict dietary intention of students with mild intellectual disability in Hong Kong. Food Preference was a significant predictor to model the intention of fruit and vegetable consumption among students other than Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavioural Control.
Life Satisfaction Index among Elderly People Residing in Gorgan and Its Correlation with Certain Demographic Factors in 2013
Authors: Chehregosha Maryam , Bastaminia Amir , Vahidian Fatemeh , Mohammadi Azam , Aghaeinejad Aliakbar , Jamshidi Ensiyeh , Ghasemi Afsaneh
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Aging is a universal phenomenon that will present itself as a dominant social and welfare challenge.

AIM: This study was to examine life satisfaction among people residing in Gorgan and its correlation with certain demographic factors in 2013.

METHODS: A total of 250 elder people were selected for the study through the convenience sampling during 4 months. Data collected through life satisfaction index-A (LSIA). This instrument consists of 5 subscales, including, zest for life, resolution and fortitude, congruence between desired and achieved goals, positive self-concept and mood tone. The Multiple Linear Regression analysis was used in order to determine factors influencing the overall LSIA.

RESULTS: The overall LSIA score was 22.1 ± 7.5 with the maximum and minimum mean scores pertaining to the resolution and fortitude (6.1 ± 2.5) and the positive self-concept (3.1 ± 1.2) subscales, respectively. Level of education, type of living and gender were variables influencing the overall LSIA (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Given the overall LSIA, it appears that future plans for this age group should be seriously revised along with cultural plans for promoting reverence for old age in the general public.
Key Success Factors of SME Entrepreneurs: Empirical Study in Vietnam
Authors: Trang Tran Kieu
Published: December 2015

In the current increasingly competitive environment, productivity and profitability of each organization are strictly associated with its leaders’ management capacity. For the SMEs, their growth and success depend mainly on the entrepreneur’s management capacity. Based on an empirical study of 206 SMEs in Vietnam, this article clarifies five groups of key success factors of SME entrepreneurs. According to results obtained, knowledge on business and management, management skills, certain personal characteristics (such as flexibility, adventurous and punctilious spirit) and experience of SME entrepreneur are the factors that significantly and positively influence the success of SMEs.
Evidence of Morocco Industry Long-Term Return Contrarian
Authors: Gharaibeh Omar
Published: December 2015

In a landmark paper, Bornholt, Gharaibeh, and Malin (2015) show strong evidence of contrarian in the long-term returns of U.S. industries over formation periods (up to 132 months), this paper investigates whether there is evidence of contrarian in the long-term returns of 17 Morocco industries using monthly data covering the period from January 1995 to April 2014. This study finds strong evidence of long-term return contrarian in industry returns from strategy with long formation period lengths of 108, 120 and 132 months and this finding confirms the Bornholt et al. (2015) finding. The finding of this paper suggests that industry-level return contrarian is not simply a reflection of the stock-level contrarian. These contrarians are difficult to reconcile with overreaction.

 
The Mediating Effects of Organizational Commitment on the Relationship between Transformational Leadership Style and Job Performance
Authors: Almutairi Dhaifallah Obaid
Published: December 2015

Nurses are considered the most valuable assets in hospitals, and leadership style is one of the determinants that can affect their performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of organizational commitment on the relationship between transformational leadership style and employees' job performance among Saudi female nurses. Four hospitals located in Riyadh and 227 Saudi female nurses were selected for this study. The results indicate that transformational leadership style is positively correlated with job performance and affective organizational commitment. The findings also reveal that affective organizational commitment mediates the relationship between transformational leadership style and job performance. This study recommends that hospital management should provide the groundwork for instilling transformational leadership styles and mangers should pay more attention to their leadership style in order to enhance job performance. This study also suggests further research that would include different measures and a larger sample as well as other areas, which could result in better understanding of the relationship between the variables.
The Influence of the Discipline and Compensation against Work Productivity (Study on the Security Services Company, PT Garuda Milky Artha Surabaya)
Authors: Tri Wijayati Wardoyo Dewi
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this research is for to know and test whether there is influence of discipline and compensation of employees on work productivity PT. Garuda Milky Artha in Surabaya.

The research method used, i.e. a quantitative approach and sampling Techniques using sample random sampling. Data collection techniques used is questionnaire. While its data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression tests.
The results of data analysis in this study is there is a significant influence on the value of discipline and compensation against work productivity with significance value of discipline and the value of 0.05 < 0,011 significance compensation amounting to 0.028 < 0.05. This shows that the two variables are declared Ho denied. So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the value of discipline and compensation against work productivity at PT. Garuda Milky Artha in Surabaya.
Role of Leadership in Employees’ Work Engagement: Organizational Identification and Job Autonomy
Authors: Gozukara Izlem , Simsek Omer Faruk
Published: December 2015

Transformational leadership is a style of leadership that leads to transformation in the opinions and beliefs of followers. The behaviors of transformational leaders result in higher levels of follower commitment and engagement. Work engagement refers to followers’ feelings regarding their work in terms of what their work means to them and to what extent they want to show full concentration. The present study examines the effect of transformational leadership on work engagement by focusing on the mediator roles of job autonomy and organizational identification. The study data was collected using questionnaires from 252 participants working in higher education. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results supported study hypotheses, demonstrating that transformational leadership had a positive effect on work engagement, and job autonomy and organizational identification fully mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement. The findings from this research specifically highlight the significant impact of job autonomy and organizational identification on work engagement within the context of leadership.
The Research on the Factors Analysis of Platform Economy City: A Case Study of Shanghai
Authors: Chen Ying , Chen Zhengyang
Published: December 2015

The enterprises of platform economy became the driving force and the engine for the development of economy. The industry of platform economy would be the leading industry and accelerate the city development and transformation in the future. The platform economy cities were the cities which provided the real or virtual platform space for the enterprises or individuals dealing with the trading activities and collaborating with externalities of urban platforms. The development of Shanghai was becoming the highly influential city in the network of global cities.
Inovação no setor industrial metal mecânico: Uma análise a partir do característico da inovação setorial (CIS)
Authors: De Oliveira Marcos Roberto Gois , Machado Katlin Machado , Burgos Paredes Breno José , Alves de Santana Guilherme , Nascimento Ávylla
Published: December 2015

A inovação pode ser considerada um elemento indutor para que empresas se diferenciem da concorrência e uma estratégia para o aumento da competitividade organizacional. Embora gere contribuições em empresas de qualquer porte, há dirigentes e empresários resistentes à implantação da cultura da inovação. Uma maneira de eliminar esta resistência é a geração de indicadores que mensurem o impacto que pode decorrer de ações inovadoras. Em alguns setores, como é o caso da indústria metal mecânica, tais indicadores são importantíssimos, uma vez que podem permitir um melhor direcionamento dos recursos financeiros e da atuação de colaboradores. Assim, neste artigo, identificam-se as dimensões inovativas que caracterizam o setor metal mecânico e as que recebem maiores investimentos e atenção por parte dos empresários, por meio do Característico de Inovação Setorial (CIS).
Gestão de risco de projetos de inovação: Recortes teórico-empíricos
Authors: Carmona Charle Ulises De Montreuil , Galvão da Silva Thiago , Pires da Silva Simone , Soares Carolina De Vasconcelos , Cruz Conceição Leide Laura
Published: December 2015

Objetivou-se neste trabalho identificar em que nível teórico-empírico encontra-se a gestão de risco de projetos de inovação. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo exploratório, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados apontam a evolução dos métodos dinâmicos do gerenciamento de risco em projetos de inovação. Assim, avaliaram-se os tipos de projetos de inovação e de riscos mais importantes nos referidos projetos e as estratégias para a redução/mitigação do risco mediante utilização de métodos dinâmicos. Examinou-se a aplicação dos métodos Boehm, Riskit e Serim, em contraposição com a metodologia-padrão estabelecida pela utilização da Simulação Monte Carlo para projetos em condições de risco.
Arranjo Produtivo Local de Cerâmica Vermelha: Conceitos e Discussões da Potencialidade de Formatação no Estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Paz Yenê Medeiros , Morais Maria Monize , Holanda Romildo Morant
Published: December 2015

Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL) são aglomerações territoriais de uma determinada atividade econômica, que possuam vínculos. O apoio dos empresários facilita a troca de experiências e informações, fortalecendo o grupo por meio do reconhecimento de pontos fortes e oportunidades. Com a formatação de um arranjo, por meio da colaboração, os empresários podem adquirir ganhos que individualmente seriam mais dispendiosos. Neste estudo, tem-se como objetivo analisar a situação atual da cerâmica vermelha do Estado de Pernambuco, visando-se a identificar oportunidades para formatação de um APL para elevação de competitividade e melhoria da qualidade dos produtos do setor.
Contribuição da modelagem de valores atípicos na previsão da arrecadação do ICMS do Estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Chain Caio Peixoto , Costa Daniel Fonseca , Sant´ Ana Naiara Leite dos Santos , Benedicto Gideon Carvalho de
Published: December 2015

A previsão de arrecadação tributária é considerada uma ferramenta útil aos gestores públicos, além de ser uma obrigatoriedade pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo estimar um modelo preditivo da arrecadação de ICMS pelo governo de Minas Gerais para o período de janeiro de 1998 a agosto de 2011. O método utilizado foi a análise de séries temporais por meio dos modelos da família Box-Jenkins. Como resultado foi verificado que o método SARIMAX, ao considerar eventos diferentes do padrão histórico da série, apresentou melhor desempenho em relação às medidas de erro quando comparado aos métodos ARIMA, ARFIMA e SARIMA. Foi concluído que a modelagem de valores atípicos contribuiu para uma melhor previsão das receitas de ICMS em Minas Gerais, ou seja, deve ser levada em consideração pelos gestores públicos.
Established Stem Cell Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Is Applicable in the Evaluation of the Efficacy of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog
Authors: Ohuchi Kazuki , Funato Michinori , Kato Zenichiro , Seki Junko , Kawase Chizuru , Tamai Yuya , Ono Yoko , Nagahara Yuki , Noda Yasuhiro , Kameyama Tsubasa , Ando Shiori , Tsuruma Kazuhiro , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Hara Hideaki , Kaneko Hideo
Published: December 2015

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by the degeneration of spinal motor neurons. This disease is mainly caused by mutation or deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Currently, no effective treatment is available, and only symptomatic treatment can be provided. Our purpose in the present study was to establish a human SMA-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (SMA-iPSC) disease model and assay a therapeutic drug in preparation for the development of a novel treatment of SMA. We generated iPSCs from the skin fibroblasts of a patient with SMA and confirmed that they were pluripotent and undifferentiated. The neural differentiation of SMA-iPSCs shortened the dendrite and axon length and increased the apoptosis of the spinal motor neurons. In addition, we found activated astrocytes in differentiated SMA-iPSCs. Using this model, we confirmed that treatment with the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog, 5-oxo-l-prolyl-l-histidyl-l-prolinamide, which had marginal effects in clinical trials, increases the SMN protein level. This increase was mediated through the transcriptional activation of the SMN2 gene and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity. Finally, the TRH analog treatment resulted in dendrite and axon development of spinal motor neurons in differentiated SMA-iPSCs. These results suggest that this human in vitro disease model stimulates SMA pathology and reveal the potential efficacy of TRH analog treatment for SMA. Therefore, we can screen novel therapeutic drugs such as TRH for SMA easily and effectively using the human SMA-iPSC model.

Significance

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has recently been reported to produce the greatest increase in survival motor neuron protein levels by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β; however, motor neurons lack PDGF receptors. A human in vitro spinal muscular atrophy-derived induced pluripotent stem cell model was established, which showed that the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) analog promoted transcriptional activation of the SMN2 gene and inhibition of GSK-3β activity, resulting in the increase and stabilization of the SMN protein and axon elongation of spinal motor neurons. These results reveal the potential efficacy of TRH analog treatment for SMA.
Concise Review: Review and Perspective of Cell Dosage and Routes of Administration From Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Disease
Authors: Golpanian Samuel , Schulman Ivonne H. , Ebert Ray F. , Heldman Alan W. , DiFede Darcy L. , Yang Phillip C. , Wu Joseph C. , Bolli Roberto , Perin Emerson C. , Moyé Lem , Simari Robert D. , Wolf Ariel , Hare Joshua M. ,   Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network
Published: December 2015

An important stage in the development of any new therapeutic agent is establishment of the optimal dosage and route of administration. This can be particularly challenging when the treatment is a biologic agent that might exert its therapeutic effects via complex or poorly understood mechanisms. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown paradoxical results, with inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between the cell dose and clinical benefit. Such phenomena can, at least in part, be attributed to variations in cell dosing or concentration and the route of administration (ROA). Although clinical trials of cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease began more than a decade ago, specification of the optimal dosage and ROA has not been established. The present review summarizes what has been learned regarding the optimal cell dosage and ROA from preclinical and clinical studies of stem cell therapy for heart disease and offers a perspective on future directions.

Significance

Preclinical and clinical studies on cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease have shown inconsistent results, in part because of variations in study-specific dosages and/or routes of administration (ROA). Future preclinical studies and smaller clinical trials implementing cell-dose and ROA comparisons are warranted before proceeding to pivotal trials.
[Cost-effectiveness analysis of ocriplasmin in the treatment of vitreomacular traction in Italy]
Authors: D'Angiolella Lucia Sara , Miglietta Riccardo , Bandello Francesco , Rizzo Stanislao , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Vitreomacular traction (VMT) caused by vitreomacular adhesion (VMA), is a pathological condition when the vitreous humor has an abnormally strong attachment to the central part of the retina. Ocriplasmin recently approved for the treatment of VMT, including when associated with macular hole (MH) of diameter less than or equal to 400 microns, is a recombinant truncated form of the human serine protease plasmin with retained enzymatic activity, administered by intravitreal injection. We estimated long-term benefits and costs associated with the resolution of traction, following treatment with ocriplasmin versus Standard of Care (SoC), from National Health Service (NHS) perspective.METHODS: A lifetime Markov model has been adopted for Italy in order to estimate costs and outcomes, gained for patients with VMT, with and without MH, treated with ocriplasmin. Health effects have been expressed as Life Years (LY) and Quality adjusted LY gained (QALY), and estimated based on time spent in Visual Acuity (VA) states, defined by best and worst seeing eye, disutility impact associated with surgical interventions, adverse events and metamorphopsia. Deterministicand probabilistic analysis have also been conducted.RESULTS: Over a lifetime ocriplasmin versus SoC generated incremental benefits in terms of QALYs and overall treatment costs in each patients subgroups. Patients with VMT and VMT+MH treated with ocriplasmin had an incremental survival benefits of 0.1123 and 0.0772 QALYs respectively. Therefore, it is expected to come at an incremental cost of 1,873 € and 2,185 € for VMT and VMT+MH patients respectively. The associated ICER is 16,683 € and 28,294 € per QALY gained. Both sensitivity analyses for each of the subgroups confirmed the robustness of the model results.CONCLUSION: Compared to SoC, ocriplasmin is a cost effective therapy option in the treatment of VMT, including whenassociated with MH.[Article in Italian]
Structural basis of interprotein electron transfer in bacterial sulfite oxidation
Authors: McGrath Aaron P , Laming Elise L , Casas Garcia G Patricia , Kvansakul Marc , Guss J Mitchell , Trewhella Jill , Calmes Benoit , Bernhardt Paul V , Hanson Graeme R , Kappler Ulrike , Maher Megan J
Published: December 2015

Interprotein electron transfer underpins the essential processes of life and relies on the formation of specific, yet transient protein-protein interactions. In biological systems, the detoxification of sulfite is catalyzed by the sulfite-oxidizing enzymes (SOEs), which interact with an electron acceptor for catalytic turnover. Here, we report the structural and functional analyses of the SOE SorT from Sinorhizobium meliloti and its cognate electron acceptor SorU. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of the SorT/SorU interaction show the complex is dynamic in solution, and that the proteins interact with Kd = 13.5 ± 0.8 μM. The crystal structures of the oxidized SorT and SorU, both in isolation and in complex, reveal the interface to be remarkably electrostatic, with an unusually large number of direct hydrogen bonding interactions. The assembly of the complex is accompanied by an adjustment in the structure of SorU, and conformational sampling provides a mechanism for dissociation of the SorT/SorU assembly.
Munc18-1-regulated stage-wise SNARE assembly underlying synaptic exocytosis
Authors: Ma Lu , Rebane Aleksander A , Yang Guangcan , Xi Zhiqun , Kang Yuhao , Gao Ying , Zhang Yongli
Published: December 2015

Synaptic-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins couple their stage-wise folding/assembly to rapid exocytosis of neurotransmitters in a Munc18-1-dependent manner. The functions of the different assembly stages in exocytosis and the role of Munc18-1 in SNARE assembly are not well understood. Using optical tweezers, we observed four distinct stages of assembly in SNARE N-terminal, middle, C-terminal, and linker domains (or NTD, MD, CTD, and LD, respectively). We found that SNARE layer mutations differentially affect SNARE assembly. Comparison of their effects on SNARE assembly and on exocytosis reveals that NTD and CTD are responsible for vesicle docking and fusion, respectively, whereas MD regulates SNARE assembly and fusion. Munc18-1 initiates SNARE assembly and structures t-SNARE C-terminus independent of syntaxin N-terminal regulatory domain (NRD) and stabilizes the half-zippered SNARE complex dependent upon the NRD. Our observations demonstrate distinct functions of SNARE domains whose assembly is intimately chaperoned by Munc18-1.
Neural evidence accumulation persists after choice to inform metacognitive judgments
Authors: Murphy Peter R , Robertson Ian H , Harty Siobhán , O'Connell Redmond G
Published: December 2015

The ability to revise one’s certainty or confidence in a preceding choice is a critical feature of adaptive decision-making but the neural mechanisms underpinning this metacognitive process have yet to be characterized. In the present study, we demonstrate that the same build-to-threshold decision variable signal that triggers an initial choice continues to evolve after commitment, and determines the timing and accuracy of self-initiated error detection reports by selectively representing accumulated evidence that the preceding choice was incorrect. We also show that a peri-choice signal generated in medial frontal cortex provides a source of input to this post-decision accumulation process, indicating that metacognitive judgments are not solely based on the accumulation of feedforward sensory evidence. These findings impart novel insights into the generative mechanisms of metacognition.
To mate or not to mate
Authors: Campetella Florencia , Sachse Silke
Published: December 2015

Mechanisms of the neural circuits that guide mating decisions in male flies are becoming clearer.