bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of microRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Herpesvirus Infection
Authors: Piedade Diogo , Azevedo-Pereira José
Published: June 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs important in gene regulation. They are able to regulate mRNA translation through base-pair complementarity. Cellular miRNAs have been involved in the regulation of nearly all cellular pathways, and their deregulation has been associated with several diseases such as cancer. Given the importance of microRNAs to cell homeostasis, it is no surprise that viruses have evolved to take advantage of this cellular pathway. Viruses have been reported to be able to encode and express functional viral microRNAs that target both viral and cellular transcripts. Moreover, viral inhibition of key proteins from the microRNA pathway and important changes in cellular microRNA pool have been reported upon viral infection. In addition, viruses have developed multiple mechanisms to avoid being targeted by cellular microRNAs. This complex interaction between host and viruses to control the microRNA pathway usually favors viral infection and persistence by either reducing immune detection, avoiding apoptosis, promoting cell growth, or promoting lytic or latent infection. One of the best examples of this virus-host-microRNA interplay emanates from members of the Herperviridae family, namely the herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), and the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). In this review, we will focus on the general functions of microRNAs and the interactions between herpesviruses, human hosts, and microRNAs and will delve into the related mechanisms that contribute to infection and pathogenesis.
Aménagement du réseau hydrographique et urbanisation aux abords de l'abbaye Saint-Bertin. Données récentes de l'archéologie à Saint-Omer
Authors: Barbé Hervé , Routier Jean-Claude , Roy Eddy , Barret Michel
Published: June 2016

Hervé Barbé, De aanleg van een hydrografisch netwerk et de verstedelijking in de nabijheid van de Sint-Bertijn abdij. De nieuwe archeologische gegevens uit Saint-Omer.

Dit artikel stelt de resultaten voor van drie noodopgra- vingen uitgevoerd tijdens 1995 etl996 te Saint-Omer. Een zekere eenheid tussen hun topografische positie in de stad, in de nabijheid van de Sint-Bertijn abdij, langs het hydrografisch netwerk en in een zone relatief laat opgenomen in de stedelijke omwalling, zowel als hun aansluitende resultaten, stellen een eerste samenvatting voor. Het urbanisatie- proces wordt beter gekend en de datering van het hydrografisch netwerk grondig herzien.
Evolution typologique et rôle domestique des céramiques de Saint-Omer du XIIIe au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Roy Eddy , Barbé Hervé
Published: June 2016

Eddy Roy, Keramiekmateriaal van Saint-Omer tijdens de XIIIe - XVIIIe eeuw.

Het pottenmateriaal afkomstig van de recente opgravingen te Saint-Omer verrijkt de typologie van de late midde- leeuwen en de moderne tijd in het Artoisgebied. Het onder- zoek steunt op een aantal klassieke criteria zoals de kleur en textuur van de kleiwaar, het glazuur, de vorm en de versie- ring van de vazen.

André- Valentin Munaut, Philippe Feray et Jean-François Piningre, Vergelijking van het pollenspectrum tussen de bronstijd grafveldende van Waben le « Sémaphore » en Conchil-le-Temple « la Frénésie » (Pas-de-Calais).

In een tussentijd van 20 jaar werden twee reeksen polle- nanalyses uitgevoerd op twee grafvelden uit de Bronstijd, de ene in Conchil-le-Temple « la Frénésie » : opgraving J.-F. Piningre (1978-1979), de andere te Waben « le Sémaphore » : opgraving P. Feray (1997). Op een afstand van amper 2 km, deze sites bevinden zich op een substraat
L'âge du fer à Coquelles et Fréthun (Pas-de-Calais) (Fouilles du Transmanche 1986-1988)
Authors: Blancquaert Gertrui , Bostyn Françoise
Published: June 2016

Les fouilles entreprises à Coquelles et Fréthun dans le cadre de l'aménagement du Tunnel sous la Manche à la fin des années 1980 ont mis au jour d'importants ensembles céramiques. Leur étude permet d'établir un schéma typochronologique particulièrement pour le second âge du fer dans le Nord/Pas-de-Calais. La répartition spatio-temporelle des gisements sur un territoire contrasté (plaine maritime et contreforts du Boulonnais) favorise une approche de l'occupation du sol et la dynamique du peuplement. La confrontation des données, tant d'un point de vue régional qu'interrégional, vise à valoriser une entité géographique trop souvent marginalisée de la Gaule belgique : la Flandre et l'Artois.
Gaule Belgique, Belgium et Ambiani (l'apport de la numismatique)
Authors: Delestrée Louis-Pol
Published: June 2016

Bien que réputée le plus souvent « muette », la numismatique gauloise doit contribuer, au moins au même titre que les autres matériels, au progrès de nos connaissances sur les peuples de la Gaule du Nord à l'époque de la Tène finale. Dès la fin du IIe siècle av. J.-C, les monnayages tendent à constituer le plus sûr discriminant entre les peuples connus — et aussi anonymes — et doivent ainsi permettre d'enrichir leur histoire.

C'est pourquoi le présent essai tente d'éclairer l'organisation du territoire à l'ouest de la Gaule Belgique, en faisant appel, le plus largement possible, aux constats les plus récents que l'on doit à la recherche archéologique, et en plaçant la numismatique gauloise, parmi les nombreuses données nouvelles, à la place qui lui revient.
Fouilles sur le forum de Bavay 1993-1998. II : le Bas-Empire
Authors: Thollard Patrick , Denimal Christine
Published: June 2016

Patrick Thollard et Christine Denimal, Opgravingen op hti forum te Bavay (1993-1998). II. De Late Keizertijd.

Tijdens de récente opgravingen op het forum te Bavay en de zone ten zuid-westen, werden de aanleg en de niveaus uit de Late Keizertijd onderzocht. Op verschillende plaatsen, maar vooral in de zuidelijke cryptoportiek werden sporen van uitsluitend burgerlijke herbewoning vastgesteld. Het plan en de bouwwijze van de vroegste versterking werd ver- volledigd wat zijn zuid-oostelijk deel betreft. Ten uiterste westen van de decumanus en net achter de grote zuidelijke gracht werd een tweede gracht blootgelegd. De chronolo- gische opeenvolging van de verschillende verdedigingssys- temen is nu gestaafd. De eerste fase van de versterking, bestaande uit een muur opgebouwd met massief herbruik- materiaal uit de vroege keizertijd en verdubbeld met een gracht, werd aangelegd in de tweede helft van de Ille eeuw na C. De tweede fase daarentegen, dateert van de eerste helft van de IVe eeuw na C. De gracht werd niet meer gebruikt en een nieuwe muur van kleine bakstenen verdub- belt of vervangt de eerste.
Le théâtre gallo-romain de Champlieu (rapport préliminaire sur les campagnes de fouilles 1995, 1996 et 1997)
Authors: Di Stefano Giovanni
Published: June 2016

Giovanni Di Stefano, Het gallo-romains theater te Champlieu (voorafgaande rapport van de opgravingscam- pagnes 1995, 1996 en 1997).

Tussen 1995 en 1997 had een onderzoek plaats in het theater van een gallo-romeins heiligdom te Champlieu. De optekeningen betreffen de algemene topografie van het site en de ruines van het theater. De proefsleuven daarentegen werden uitgevoerd in het proscaenium van het theater, in het cavea en tussen het theater en de tempel. De muur van het pulpitum, de gracht van het auloewn, de draagbalken van de vloer van het podium en de vloer van het orchestra werden blootgelegd. In de ima cavea werden de kalkstenen blokken van de treden bestudeerd, in de summa cavea daarentegen de galerij en de aarden opvulling. Het belang van het theater te Champlieu betreft het gebruik zowel van steen als van hout in zijn architektuur.
Contradicting (not-)at-issueness in exclusives and clefts: An empirical study
Authors: DeVeaugh-Geiss Joseph P. , Zimmermann Malte , Onea Edgar , Boell Anna-Christina
Published: June 2016

We present two empirical studies on exclusives, it-clefts, and pseudoclefts (i.e., identity statements with a definite description) in which the at-issue and not-at-issue content — a factor that has not been properly controlled for in prior experimental work on cleft exhaustivity — was teased apart systematically. The results show that violations of exhaustivity in it-clefts, a not-at-issue inference, patterned differently from the necessary presupposition failures of the not-at-issue semantic inferences. These findings pose a new experimental challenge to semantic accounts of exhaustivity in it-clefts, while being in line with pragmatic accounts.
Two types of most
Authors: Dobrovie-Sorin Carmen
Published: June 2016

The empirical puzzle to be solved is the contrast between partitive and non-partitive most (which respectively take of-DP and NP restrictors, respectively) wrt their compatibility with a collective predicate (or a collectively interpreted mixed predicate) in the nuclear scope. The proposal will rely on the ‘null hypothesis’ regarding the correspondence between syntactic categories and semantic type: DPs and NPs respectively denote entities and sets of entities. Our puzzle will be solved by explaining why set-restrictor quantifiers cannot denote relations between sets of plural entities whereas entity-restrictor quantifiers can denote relations between plural entities. It will also be argued that plural bare NPs in the restrictor of most can be kind-denoting (in addition to being set-denoting) in English. Throughout the paper the main generalizations will be strengthened or refined by taking into account the Romanian counterparts of the relevant dat. Keywords: collective quantification, mass quantification, bare mass NPs, bare plurals, kind-reference
“CREATIVE CITY ” AS A BRAND – THE CASE OF ŁÓDŹ
Authors: Brzozowska Blanka
Published: June 2016

The aim of the paper is to discuss the case of Polish city Łódź. Łódź flourished as the textile industry city since the second half of the 19th century. That changed after the Poland’s transition to a market economy. In the new situation, the city began to decline, both economically and socially. In 2012 the city authorities have adopted the Łódź Brand Management Strategy for the Years 2010–2016 and Integrated Development Strategy for Łódź 2020+. The essential element of both strategies is to apply the idea of creative industries. The motto “Łódź – City of Creative Industries” not only determines the direction of the current development of the city, but also it was the basis for applying for the title of “European Capital of Culture”. The paper presents the case of Łódź from the perspective of the official strategies adopted by the city authorities, and at the same time from the perspective of grassroots activities undertaken by residents that fit, sometimes unintentionally, in the brand strategy of Łódź as the city of creative industries.
FILM-STUDY AS A SOURCE OF FORMATION OF CREATIVE CROSS-CULTURAL SKILLS IN MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT
Authors: Starostova Liudmila , Piskunova Larisa
Published: June 2016

The authors propose to look at the cinema in the education process in terms of its potential use as a tool of formation of creative cross-cultural competence. Nowadays cinema is not just a synthetic art, it is deeply integrated into the basic structure of modern culture, and forms means capable of becoming an effective source of educational innovations.

The article proposes the concept of film-study as a reference for the complex of methodical use of cinema in education. Analysis of different cases of inclusion of cinema in practical lessons allowed the authors to substantiate the connection of film-study method with the formation of students’ creative cross-cultural skills. As stated in the article, techniques of film-study method used by the authors contribute to the development of students’ cross-cultural competence relevant in a multicultural context of their professional and daily activities.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SOURCES OF EARTH-DIRECTED SOLAR WIND DURING CARRINGTON ROTATION 2053
Authors: Fazakerley A. N. , Harra L. K. , van Driel-Gesztelyi L.
Published: June 2016

In this work we analyze multiple sources of solar wind through a full Carrington Rotation (CR 2053) by analyzing the solar data through spectroscopic observations of the plasma upflow regions and the in situ data of the wind itself. Following earlier authors, we link solar and in situ observations by a combination of ballistic backmapping and potential-field source-surface modeling. We find three sources of fast solar wind that are low-latitude coronal holes. The coronal holes do not produce a steady fast wind, but rather a wind with rapid fluctuations. The coronal spectroscopic data from Hinode’s Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer show a mixture of upflow and downflow regions highlighting the complexity of the coronal hole, with the upflows being dominant. There is a mix of open and multi-scale closed magnetic fields in this region whose (interchange) reconnections are consistent with the up- and downflows they generate being viewed through an optically thin corona, and with the strahl directions and freeze-in temperatures found in in situ data. At the boundary of slow and fast wind streams there are three short periods of enhanced-velocity solar wind, which we term intermediate based on their in situ characteristics. These are related to active regions that are located beside coronal holes. The active regions have different magnetic configurations, from bipolar through tripolar to quadrupolar, and we discuss the mechanisms to produce this intermediate wind, and the important role that the open field of coronal holes adjacent to closed-field active regions plays in the process.
ABSENCE OF FAST-MOVING IRON IN AN INTERMEDIATE TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA BETWEEN NORMAL AND SUPER-CHANDRASEKHAR
Authors: Cao Yi , Johansson J. , Nugent Peter E. , Goobar A. , Nordin Jakob , Kulkarni S. R. , Cenko S. Bradley , Fox Ori D. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Fremling C. , Amanullah R. , Hsiao E. Y. , Perley D. A. , Bue Brian D. , Masci Frank J. , Lee William H. , Chotard Nicolas
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we report observations of a peculiar SN Ia iPTF13asv (a.k.a., SN2013cv) from the onset of the explosion to months after its peak. The early-phase spectra of iPTF13asv show an absence of iron absorption, indicating that synthesized iron elements are confined to low-velocity regions of the ejecta, which, in turn, implies a stratified ejecta structure along the line of sight. Our analysis of iPTF13asv’s light curves and spectra shows that it is an intermediate case between normal and super-Chandrasekhar events. On the one hand, its light curve shape (B-band

) and overall spectral features resemble those of normal SNe Ia. On the other hand, its large peak optical and UV luminosity (

,

) and its low but almost constant Si ii velocities of about 10,000 km s−1 are similar to those in super-Chandrasekhar events, and its persistent carbon signatures in the spectra are weaker than those seen commonly in super-Chandrasekhar events. We estimate a 56Ni mass of

and a total ejecta mass of

. The large ejecta mass of iPTF13asv and its stratified ejecta structure together seemingly favor a double-degenerate origin.
PROTOSTAR L1455 IRS1: A ROTATING DISK CONNECTING TO A FILAMENTARY NETWORK
Authors: Chou Hsuan-Gu , Yen Hsi-Wei , Koch Patrick M. , Guilloteau Stéphane
Published: June 2016

We conducted IRAM-30 m C18O (2–1) and SMA 1.3 mm continuum 12CO (2–1) and C18O (2–1) observations toward the Class 0/I protostar L1455 IRS1 in Perseus. The IRAM-30 m C18O results show IRS1 in a dense 0.05 pc core with a mass of 0.54 M
⊙, connecting to a filamentary structure. Inside the dense core, compact components of 350 au and 1500 au are detected in the SMA 1.3 mm continuum and C18O, with a velocity gradient in the latter one perpendicular to a bipolar outflow in 12CO, likely tracing a rotational motion. We measure a rotational velocity profile

that becomes shallower at a turning radius of ∼200 au, which is approximately the radius of the 1.3 mm continuum component. These results hint at the presence of a Keplerian disk with a radius <200 au around L1455 IRS1 with a protostellar mass of about 0.28 M
⊙. We derive a core rotation that is about one order of magnitude faster than expected. A significant velocity gradient along a filament toward IRS1 indicates that this filament is dynamically important, providing a gas reservoir and possibly responsible for the faster-than-average core rotation. Previous polarimetric observations show a magnetic field aligned with the outflow axis and perpendicular to the associated filament on a 0.1 pc scale, while on the inner 1000 au scale, the field becomes perpendicular to the outflow axis. This change in magnetic field orientations is consistent with our estimated increase in rotational energy from large to small scales that overcomes the magnetic field energy, wrapping the field lines and aligning them with the disk velocity gradient. These results are discussed in the context of the interplay between filament, magnetic field, and gas kinematics from large to small scales. Possible emerging trends are explored with a sample of 8 Class 0/I protostars.
ON THE STATE OF A SOLAR ACTIVE REGION BEFORE FLARES AND CMEs
Authors: Korsós M. B. , Erdélyi R.
Published: June 2016

Several attempts have been made to find reliable diagnostic tools to determine the state prior to flares and related coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in solar active regions (ARs). Characterization of the level of mixed states is carried out using the Debrecen sunspot Data for 116 flaring ARs. Conditional flare probabilities (CFPs) are calculated for different flaring classes. The association with slow/fast CMEs is examined. Two precursor parameters are introduced: (i) the sum of the (daily averaged) horizontal magnetic gradient G

S
(G

DS
) and (ii) the separation parameter

. We found that if

for a flaring AR then the CFP of the expected highest-intensity flare being X-class is more than 70%. If

the CFP is more than 45% for the highest-intensity flare(s) to be M-class, and if

there is larger than 60% CFP that C-class flare(s) may have the strongest intensity within 48 hr. Next, from analyzing G

S
for determining CFP we found: if

6.5, then it is very likely that C-class flare(s) may be the most intense; if

then there is ∼45% CFP that M-class could have the highest intensity; finally, if

then there is at least 70% chance that the strongest energy release will be X-class in the next 48 hr. ARs are unlikely to produce X-class flare(s) if

and log(G

S
)

5.5. Finally, in terms of providing an estimate of an associated slow/fast CME, we found that, if

0.4 or

6.5, there is no accompanying fast CME in the following 24 hr.
AN OPTICALLY THICK DISK WIND IN GRO J1655–40?
Authors: Shidatsu M. , Done C. , Ueda Y.
Published: June 2016

We revisited the unusual wind in GRO J1655−40, detected with Chandra in 2005 April, using long-term Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer X-ray data and simultaneous optical/near-infrared photometric data. This wind is the most convincing case for magnetic driving in black hole binaries, as it has an inferred launch radius that is a factor of 10 smaller than the thermal wind prediction. However, the optical and near-infrared (OIR) fluxes monotonically increase around the Chandra observation, whereas the X-ray flux monotonically decreases from 10 days beforehand. Yet the optical and near-infrared fluxes are from the outer, irradiated disk, so for them to increase implies that the X-rays likewise increased. We applied a new irradiated disk model to the multi-wavelength spectral energy distributions. Fitting the OIR fluxes, we estimated the intrinsic luminosity at the Chandra epoch was

, which is more than one order of magnitude larger than the observed X-ray luminosity. These results could be explained if a Compton-thick, almost completely ionized gas was present in the wind and strong scattering reduced the apparent X-ray luminosity. The effects of scattering in the wind should then be taken into account for discussion of the wind-driving mechanism. Radiation pressure and Compton heating may also contribute to powering the wind at this high luminosity.
THE VMC SURVEY. XIX. CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS IN THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD
Authors: Ripepi V. , Marconi M. , Moretti M. I. , Clementini G. , Cioni M.-R. L. , Grijs R. de , Emerson J. P. , Groenewegen M. A. T. , Ivanov V. D. , Piatti A. E.
Published: June 2016

The “VISTA near-infrared YJK
s  survey of the Magellanic Clouds System” (VMC) is collecting deep K
s-band time-series photometry of pulsating variable stars hosted by the two Magellanic Clouds and their connecting Bridge. In this paper, we present Y, J, K
s light curves for a sample of 4172 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) Classical Cepheids (CCs). These data, complemented with literature V values, allowed us to construct a variety of period–luminosity (PL), period–luminosity–color (PLC), and period–Wesenheit (PW) relationships, which are valid for Fundamental (F), First Overtone (FO), and Second Overtone (SO) pulsators. The relations involving the V, J, K
s bands are in agreement with their counterparts in the literature. As for the Y band, to our knowledge, we present the first CC PL, PW, and PLC relations ever derived using this filter. We also present the first near–infrared PL, PW, and PLC relations for SO pulsators to date. We used PW(V, K
s) to estimate the relative SMC–LMC distance and, in turn, the absolute distance to the SMC. For the former quantity, we find a value of Δμ = 0.55 ± 0.04 mag, which is in rather good agreement with other evaluations based on CCs, but significantly larger than the results obtained from older population II distance indicators. This discrepancy might be due to the different geometric distributions of young and old tracers in both Clouds. As for the absolute distance to the SMC, our best estimates are μ
SMC = 19.01 ± 0.05 mag and μ
SMC = 19.04 ± 0.06 mag, based on two distance measurements to the LMC which rely on accurate CC and eclipsing Cepheid binary data, respectively.
SUNWARD-PROPAGATING ALFVÉNIC FLUCTUATIONS OBSERVED IN THE HELIOSPHERE
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Chi , Belcher John W. , He Jiansen , Richardson John D.
Published: June 2016

The mixture/interaction of anti-sunward-propagating Alfvénic fluctuations (AFs) and sunward-propagating Alfvénic fluctuations (SAFs) is believed to result in the decrease of the Alfvénicity of solar wind fluctuations with increasing heliocentric distance. However, SAFs are rarely observed at 1 au and solar wind AFs are found to be generally outward. Using the measurements from Voyager
2 and Wind, we perform a statistical survey of SAFs in the heliosphere inside 6 au. We first report two SAF events observed by Voyager
2. One is in the anti-sunward magnetic sector with a strong positive correlation between the fluctuations of magnetic field and solar wind velocity. The other one is in the sunward magnetic sector with a strong negative magnetic field—velocity correlation. Statistically, the percentage of SAFs increases gradually with heliocentric distance, from about 2.7% at 1.0 au to about 8.7% at 5.5 au. These results provide new clues for understanding the generation mechanism of SAFs.
Telomere Length and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ormseth Michelle J. , Solus Joseph F. , Oeser Annette M. , Bian Aihua , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Shintani Ayumi , Raggi Paolo , Stein C. Michael
Published: June 2016

Objective.

Telomeres protect against chromosomal end damage and shorten with each cell division; their length may be a marker of cardiovascular and overall biological aging. We examined the hypothesis that reduced telomere length is associated with increased coronary atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

We performed a cross-sectional study in 145 patients with RA and 87 control subjects frequency-matched for age, race, and sex. Coronary artery calcium score was determined by noncontrast cardiac computed tomography. Telomere length was measured from whole blood DNA, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as telomeric product to a single-copy gene product ratio (T/S ratio). Associations between telomere length, coronary artery calcium score, and 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) were assessed with Spearman correlation, proportional odds logistic regression, and linear regression, adjusting for age, race, and sex.

Results.

Telomere length was significantly inversely correlated with age in patients with RA (ρ = −0.37, p < 0.001) and control subjects (ρ = −0.39, p = 0.001). Among patients with RA, for every interquartile range (IQR) decrease in telomere length (T/S ratio), the odds of higher coronary artery calcium score increased by 38% (95% CI: 4–60) after adjusting for age, race, and sex (p adjusted = 0.03). Telomere length was not associated with DAS28 (p adjusted = 0.17). Telomere length was not significantly different in patients with RA [median (IQR): 1.02 units (0.9–1.11)] compared to control subjects [1.05 units (0.95–1.17); p = 0.10].

Conclusion.

Telomere length is inversely associated with coronary artery calcium score, independent of age, race, and sex in patients with RA.
Comorbidities in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis versus the General Population
Authors: Englund Martin , Merkel Peter A. , Tomasson Gunnar , Segelmark Mårten , Mohammad Aladdin J.
Published: June 2016

Objective.

To evaluate the consultation rates of selected comorbidities in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV) compared with the general population in southern Sweden.

Methods.

We used data from a population-based cohort of patients with AAV diagnosed between 1998 and 2010 in Southern Sweden (701,000 inhabitants). For each patient we identified 4 reference subjects randomly sampled from the general population and matched for year of birth, sex, area of residence, and index year. Using the population-based Skåne Healthcare Register, we identified relevant diagnostic codes, registered between 1998 and 2011, for selected comorbidities assigned after the date of diagnosis of AAV or the index date for the reference subjects. We calculated rate ratios for comorbidities (AAV:reference subjects).

Results.

There were 186 patients with AAV (95 women, mean age 64.5 yrs) and 744 reference persons included in the analysis. The highest rate ratios (AAV:reference) were obtained for osteoporosis (4.6, 95% CI 3.0–7.0), followed by venous thromboembolism (4.0, 95% CI 1.9–8.3), thyroid diseases (2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.3), and diabetes mellitus (2.0, 95% CI 1.3–2.9). For ischemic heart disease, the rate ratio of 1.5 (95% CI 1.0–2.3) did not reach statistical significance. No statistically significant differences were found for cerebrovascular accidents.

Conclusion.

AAV is associated with increased consultation rates of several comorbidities including osteoporosis and thromboembolic and endocrine disorders. Comorbid conditions should be taken into consideration when planning and providing care for patients with AAV.
Autour du Fanum Voltumnae . Réflexions, hypothèses et propositions pour un débat
Authors: Massa-Pairault Françoise-Hélène
Published: June 2016

L’identification du Fanum Voltumnae sous le plateau d’Orvieto (l’antique Volsinii) marque une étape fondamentale dans les études sur l’Étrurie antique et, en général, sur l’histoire des rapports entre Rome et l’Étrurie. Les recherches conduites par S. Stopponi à Campo della Fiera ont permis de reconnaître un ensemble structuré comprenant une voie sacrée et plusieurs édifices, assortis à du matériel daté entre le vi e s. av. J.-C. et la période impériale romaine. Cet article a pour but de rouvrir le débat sur ces découvertes, de présenter quelques réflexions et de soumettre quelques propositions au sujet de l’interprétation des vestiges. Sont ainsi analysés le temple A et son temenos , caractérisé par de nombreux ex-voto, divinités ou actes rituels significatifs, une attention particulière étant portée à l’inscription de l’affranchie Kanuta , fondamentale pour l’histoire sociale de Volsinii et de l’Étrurie. Le temple C est ensuite examiné, avec les sépultures d’enfants et les graffiti retrouvés. L’a. propose d’y voir un ensemble religieux en rapport étroit avec le culte des Lares. Le temple B, uni à une fontaine monumentalisée, fait l’objet d’ultérieures réflexions ; cette aire sacrée semble en relation avec le culte de la divinité principale (Voltumna). L’a. propose de comprendre l’ensemble à la lumière du mythe de l’Olta et de la fonction de la nymphe Vegoia, dont le statut religieux est réexaminé. D’autres réflexions portent sur les rituels de pouvoir et de triomphe, sur les foires et les jeux connus dans le sanctuaire. Des textes comme l’élégie de Properce sur Vertumnus, des documents comme la patère en bronze de la « Tombe du Guerrier » ou des miroirs dont les représentations sont influencées par la culture religieuse de Volsinii sont susceptibles d’éclairer les découvertes sur le terrain, qui nous mettent en présence d’une topographie sacrée et politique, mais aussi d’un temps sacré réglé par le calendrier. La conclusion reprend l’ensemble des propositions et souligne la polarité entre le temple intra muros du Belvedere à Orvieto et l’ensemble sacré suburbain du Fanum Voltumnae.
Pourquoi les théories du complot se portent-elles si bien ? L’exemple de Charlie Hebdo
Authors: Bronner Gérald
Published: June 2016

Les théories du complot sont évidemment très anciennes et ont toujours séduit l’imaginaire humain. Beaucoup de commentateurs constatent cependant qu’elles connaissent un nouvel essor depuis quelques années. Le but de cet article sera d’analyser les ressorts nouveaux qu’offre le marché dérégulé de l’information qu’est Internet aux théories conspirationnistes. Celles-ci savent tirer profit des nouvelles conditions de diffusion de l’information au moins de trois façons : elles bénéficient des rapports plus horizontaux entre les médiateurs, de la rapidité de diffusion de propositions sur le marché cognitif et enfin des possibilités d’agrégation argumentatives nouvelles que permet le travail en « essaim » de ceux qui veulent trouver la « vérité » contre la version officielle. Pour cela, on utilisera entre autres l’exemple des attentats de Charlie Hebdo et des nombreuses hypothèses et théories conspirationnistes qu’ils ont suscitées.
De la mobilisation contre les « théories du complot » après les attentats de Paris des 7 et 9 janvier 2015
Authors: Kreis Emmanuel
Published: June 2016

Le présent article propose d’étudier la « panique » suscitée par les « théories du complot » dans les semaines suivant les attentats de Paris des 7 et 9 janvier. L’expression « théorie du complot » fait très rapidement son apparition dans les médias pour rendre compte de la circulation de questionnements sur certains détails des événements et marque l’ouverture de deux semaines de « panique médiatique » autour du phénomène. Interroger cet épisode permet de rendre compte des évolutions et des usages médiatiques, politiques et scientifiques face au conspirationnisme et de questionner la notion même de « théorie du complot », tant à un niveau définitionnel que dans une perspective heuristique.
Le conspirationnisme, extension du domaine de la négation
Authors: Reichstadt Rudy
Published: June 2016

La prolifération actuelle de théories du complot dans l’espace public trouve en partie son origine dans l’existence d’une mouvance structurée qui assure, sur Internet, la production en continu de contenus conspirationnistes. Au sein de cette « complosphère », le foyer de diffusion de théories du complot le plus dynamique recouvre une galaxie engagée dans une dénonciation hyperbolique de la puissance américaine et d’un « Sionisme » largement fantasmé. La négation, en tout ou partie, de la réalité de l’extermination des Juifs d’Europe pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale fait partie des thèmes récurrents abordés par cette mouvance radicale. La présente contribution s’attachera à interroger les affinités électives existant entre conspirationnistes et négationnistes, en examinant non seulement les présupposés conspirationnistes du négationnisme, mais aussi le tropisme négationniste d’un certain nombre des « théoriciens du complot ». Elle éprouvera l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’intrication entre les mouvances conspirationniste et négationniste, dont la complosphère fournit régulièrement l’illustration, ne relève pas de la simple contingence mais révèle une véritable convergence de vue que facilite la méthode argumentative sur laquelle reposent tant le discours négationniste que le discours conspirationniste.
Jésuites, Juifs, francs-maçons : la rhétorique au service de la conspiration
Authors: Nicolas Loïc
Published: June 2016

Dans le cadre de cet article, je m’intéresserai à l’accusation de complot portée contre ceux qui ont mis la rhétorique et l’argumentation critique au cœur de leur pratique sociale et/ou de leur enseignement ; ceux que d’aucuns voient comme les nouveaux sophistes. À cet égard, trois groupes, trois « puissances », trois « forces » jugées malfaisantes et occultes, méritent une attention particulière : les jésuites, les Juifs et les francs-maçons. Ces trois groupes ont hanté l’imaginaire politique des deux derniers siècles et continuent d’habiter le nôtre. Nonobstant leurs différences indéniables et, parfois, leur aversion réciproque, il convient de souligner la parenté des griefs adressés par leurs détracteurs et opposants respectifs. Lesquels les ont rattachés (et les rattachent encore) au grand complot mondial. Démonisés, ils fascinent autant qu’ils dégoûtent. On les moque autant qu’on les craint. Jésuites, Juifs, francs-maçons : tous sont accusés d’utiliser les mêmes armes du discours pour mystifier les esprits (simples, faibles, crédules, mal informés) et pour les égarer dans le dédale des opinions contraires ; accusés de leur faire fréquenter la critique et le doute.
Les causes de l’adhésion aux théories du complot
Authors: Renard Jean-Bruno
Published: June 2016

Pourquoi des individus adhèrent-ils à des théories du complot ? La capacité de persuasion des leaders conspirationnistes ou la prétendue crédulité des adeptes du complotisme sont insuffisantes à rendre compte de cette adhésion. L’adhésion s’appuie, dans l’esprit des individus, sur de « bonnes raisons de croire » (Raymond Boudon). On peut distinguer deux types de causes. D’une part, des causes générales, structurelles, qui expliquent une réceptivité plus grande de nos contemporains aux idées conspirationnistes : en premier lieu la perte de confiance dans les « informations officielles », qu’elles soient politiques, scientifiques ou médiatiques, mais aussi le rôle d’Internet dans la diffusion de savoirs alternatifs. D’autre part, des causes spécifiques, idéologiques, expliquent que des individus adhèrent à telle théorie du complot plutôt qu’à telle autre. Un rapprochement sera fait avec les rumeurs et les croyances superstitieuses.
Les perceptions du « Choc de simplification » par les acteurs impliqués dans cette démarche
Authors: Khenniche Samia , Pierre Xavier
Published: June 2016

Avec le « Choc de simplification », le gouvernement souhaite répondre à une attente forte des usagers des services publics, tant citoyens qu’entreprises, en termes de simplification des relations avec les services de l’État. Cet article traite de la question du pilotage du « Choc de simplification » à travers les perceptions qu’en ont les acteurs qui le porte. Pour étudier cette question, les auteurs ont mené une série d’entretiens auprès d’acteurs impliqués dans le pilotage de la démarche de simplification. Ils montrent que les difficultés soulevées par les acteurs correspondent à celles identifiées comme récurrentes dans les conduites de changement du secteur public. Il apparaît ainsi nécessaire d’appréhender le « Choc de simplification » comme tel, afin de l’inscrire dans une démarche durable et soutenable.
Facilitation de la mise en œuvre du droit et capacité d’action des fonctionnaires
Authors: Jeannot Gilles
Published: June 2016

L’interprétation facilitatrice des normes est mise en avant comme un valet essentiel de la simplification. Pourtant, elle peut soulever des difficultés. C’est ainsi qu’une circulaire allant dans ce sens a été mal reçue par une partie des cadres d’une direction départementale des territoires et de la mer (DDTM). L’article, qui repose sur une recherche-action, vise à comprendre cette réaction. Dans un premier temps, ces cadres opposent les démarches gestionnaires à leurs yeux acceptables, qui accompagnent les porteurs de projets (guides, conseils), à la variation dans l’application du droit jugée, elle, non acceptable. Mais une enquête approfondie permet de mettre en évidence de nombreuses situations dans lesquelles c’est bien l’application de la norme qui apparaît variable. Il ressort alors que les cadres et les agents d’instructions sont plus enclins à accepter la recherche d’une application facilitatrice des normes dans les situations dans lesquelles ils ont plus de capacité d’action et où l’application formaliste de la loi n’est pas le seul moyen d’action. Par conséquent, c’est en offrant d’autres ressources d’action pour la mise en œuvre des politiques, en permettant d’agir autrement que par le droit que l’on pourra limiter les situations dans lesquelles une application non accommodante du droit est nécessaire.
La régulation de la simplification administrative
Authors: Colin Frédéric
Published: June 2016

La perpétuation des politiques de simplification administrative signe un relatif échec des mesures mises en œuvre jusqu’à maintenant. L’annonce toujours renouvelée de la simplification annoncée des structures comme des modes de fonctionnement de l’action publique, reconnait implicitement l’incapacité à dépasser les facteurs actuels de complexité. La sophistication croissante des raisonnements intégrés dans la décision publique continue aussi à complexifier l’action publique. Dès lors, pour s’ancrer dans la réalité, la simplification implique une régulation qui passe par une réduction de la « charge » administrative ainsi que par une revalorisation du public.
Overcoming the Myriad of Obstacles
Authors: Jackson Helen Cassandra
Published: June 2016

This chapter documents the experiences of the ongoing journey of an African American female physicist. They correspond to those in documented studies of other African Americans and females in both the specific field of physics as well as the broader area encompassing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). While there are some anomalies, when scaled with the norm of these groups, there is a thread of consistencies in the obstructions and difficulties that seem to be unique to mostly African Americans and on a smaller scale to White females. The intent of this writing is to shine a light on the status of affairs particularly in the scientific Ph.D. community, an area that many have felt was immune to the difficulties faced by African Americans on the lower end of society. It is evident that our society is neither “post-racial” nor “post-sexist”, even on the higher intellectual turf.
Black Women and Science in Higher Education
Authors: Flournoy Bonita
Published: June 2016

This chapter gives an account on the experiences of a female STEM faculty member's journey from high school through graduate school, and then entering the workforce as she navigates the high and low points of being a black woman in a science field, as a science educator that will mentor other black women scientists, while also trying to sustain a viable family life. Her introduction to science, the profiles of mentors that provided her a support network, and the barriers that continue to plague black women in their preparation for a career in science, remains as blockades to access, to what is currently considered the most needed competency area to fill the workforce of the 21st century.
STEM Fields and Ethnic Women in New Zealand
Authors: Mpofu Charles
Published: June 2016

A critical race theory was used to analyse policies and strategies in place to enable the participation of New Zealand ethnic women of Latin-American, Middle Eastern, and African (MELAA) origin in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields (STEM) in education and industry. The aim was to find out what policy – and other – levers are available for better participation in the STEM fields by the ethnic women's population. The process involved an analysis of publicly available official documents on STEM strategies at national and regional levels. The main findings were that gender issues are expressed in a generic way, either across all ethnic groups, or across the four ethnic groups where the MELAA stands not clearly identifiable in the classifications. Recommendations include the need to develop policies and strategies that account for race and gender equity as part of an agenda to eliminate marginalization of this group.
Prestigious College Courses and Race/Skin Color
Authors: Pereira da Silva Patricia Costa
Published: June 2016

The discussion promoted in this text is part of the inquiry of PhD in Education in progress since 2012 at Fluminense Federal University (Niterói, Brazil). The above-mentioned doctoral research is dedicated to the study of educational trajectories of prestigious black professionals in Brazil. The main objective of this text is to bring up a reflection on the studies about the relation between prestigious college courses and race/skin color in Brazil carried out in the contemporaneousness. For this purpose, it is necessary to analyze the process of selection of the professional careers that demand the ownership of the bachelor's degree (higher education). This text is supported by studies about social stratification, such as Wright (1978), Goldthorpe (1987), Januzzi (2003) and Queiroz (2004). Bibliographical inquiry was the methodology elected for the development of the present text.
Becoming a Trauma Surgeon
Authors: Skinner Ruby
Published: June 2016

Surgery is a medical specialty that has a rich history of rigorous training, and the development of a young surgeon requires both individual study and external reinforcement to ensure competency. Although, women are entering medical school at increasing numbers, they only make up to 19% of American surgeons. Minority women represent an even smaller number. Recent studies document that minorities report challenges during surgical residency that may inhibit successful surgical training. These challenges are explored as they relate to limited mentoring and collegial isolation while training in trauma surgery.
Intersections of Gender, Sex, and Power
Authors: Ferdowsi Lubna
Published: June 2016

This chapter highlights the dilemma of being immigrant diasporic women in a British cultural context by focusing on the everyday life of British Bangladeshi women who are being controlled in the private sphere based on empirical research. Particularly, the chapter shows how cultural ideologies are intersecting with patriarchal norms to gain control over women bodies and sexuality. Finally, the chapter discusses the process and system of differentiation and domination through an intersectional analysis to understand how women ostensibly belonging to the same ethnic group may have different and competing experiences of migration and Diaspora.
Challenges of Iranian Women to Change the Gender Discriminatory Law
Authors: Parsa Fariba
Published: June 2016

This chapter tells a story of the work of Iranian women activists to change gender discriminatory laws. Iranian women created coalitions and mobilized thousands of women in a campaign called “One Million Signatures Campaign for Gender Equality”. Hundreds of women prisoned without being successful to change any law. This chapter seeks to explain the challenges for women and argue the lack of the clarity of their goal was one of the reason for not achieving any results. Iranian women activists were not certain how they should handle the religious law and principles that confront their vision for gender equality based on The UN conventions on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
Culturally Gendered
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: June 2016

The social differentiation between males and females is a relational concept: masculinity exists and has meaning only as it contrasts with femininity, and vice versa (Connell, 1995, p. 43). Western culture, especially, prides itself on the successful integration of feminism into modern society—though some still question how successfully integrated feminism truly is while others ponder whether or not cultural power in society has been reversed. As masculinity studies developed, according to Simpson (2004), so too did the concept of multiple masculinities, the idea that men respond to and embrace masculinity in a variety of ways because the expression of masculinity can “change according to time, the event, and the perspectives” of a group or community (Imms, 2000, p. 156), as demonstrated by Heasley (2005), and men who are in female dominated occupations. Nevertheless, multiple masculinities are commonly segregated into the following categories: hegemonic, complicit, subordinated, and marginalized.
Equality and Differences
Authors: Khanum Rashida A.
Published: June 2016

This paper addresses the implications of equality and differences between women and men. The principle of equality is an abstract principle which is difficult to actualize in practical field. On the other hand, it has been argued in the paper that differences that exist between women and men are social constructs. In order to achieve equality it is necessary to re-conceptualize differences as “oppression or subordination”. Regarding the equality and difference issue this paper gives importance on the views of Mary Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill and Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain. All these philosophers believe that equality can be achieved by minimizing differences. Minimizing can be done by proving capabilities of women through their performances. Education plays utmost role to prove the capabilities that women possess. Finally, it is pointed out that social conditioning is responsible for making gap between women and men and we need to break social conditioning to create new mind set and social attitude.
Struggle against ICT-Based Violence
Authors: Jabin Mehbuba
Published: June 2016

Construction of masculinity through socialization process is traditionally related with the enactment of violence. Through various norms, cultural practices and given standards young boys are taught to become masculine. The social factors, family, peer group, technology and educational institutions also play a vital role in shaping the gender identity of a boy. Socialization process of young boys thus shapes their personality and creates an environment to become masculine and enact violence. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one such factor that influences the socialization process among young men. Technological advancement influences the mindset of young men who are always affiliated with various technological products. These factors influence them to practice dominant behavior which they learn from society and internalize it. In most of the cases these behaviors lead young men to get involved in committing Violence against Women (VAW) by using ICT.
Musical Information Beyond Measurement and Computation
Authors: Reybrouck Mark
Published: June 2016

This chapter elaborates on the concepts of music information and information processing by bringing together the fields of computation, cybernetics and the dynamic systems approach. It conceives of music users as autonomous agents that behave as adaptive devices that construct their musical knowledge as the outcome of continuous epistemic interactions with the sonic world. As such, it challenges the classical symbolic-conceptual approach to musical information in terms of static, discrete and objective categories in favor of a trans-classical model that relies on subjective, process-like and non-discrete categories of meaning. In an attempt to go beyond traditional dichotomies, it proposes a hybrid perceptual-conceptual approach that does justice both to the richness and fullness of perceptual experience and the plasticity of mental operations in a kind of symbolic play.