bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bylaws for GP Section
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Individual sections of AGU are governed by collections of bylaws adopted by each membership. The GP Section, at the present time, has no bylaws. Such a document would include articles defining the name, objectives, and membership of the section. Also present would be a description of officers (president, president‐elect, and secretary), their duties, nomination and election procedures, and information on committees, meetings, and publications. The GP Section now functions by following some standard, although unwritten, procedures. The usual bylaws used by AGU sections would not change any of the functions or procedures used by our section but would put in writing the structure that we follow. It is possible, in the membership clause, to allow members to be affiliated with more than one section and to no longer claim only a “primary” section. The GP Executive Committee intends to discuss the possibility of adopting our own bylaws at the spring business meeting. We would appreciate any input from GP membership on this topic prior to May. Please direct your comments to Laurie Brown or Subir Banerjee (addresses above).
Active Tectonics
Authors: Molnar Peter
Published: October 2011

Active Tectonics is a collection of 16 papers plus a section entitled “Overview and Recommendations.” These papers are meant to serve collectively as a report commissioned by the now defunct Geophysics Research Forum with responsibility passed on to the Geophysics Study Committee, who in turn formed the Panel on Active Tectonics to carry out the task. Several pages at the beginning list the members of these and other groups who presumably made some contribution at some committee meeting, somewhere, sometime. Fortunately, someone in one of these forums or committees recognized that Bob Wallace would make a suitable panel chairman, someone who, could save the book from turning grey before its publication date or from being a paginated paperweight for policymakers.
Become an AGU Supporting Member
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

You can extend your commitment to the continuing vitality of geophysics by helping AGU to build funds that will provide for new initiatives and assist in funding some of the nonrevenue programs of AGU, such as the congressional science fellowship, minority student scholarships, and student travel grants. The AGU Development Committee is seeking gifts and contributions toward building the endowment of the Union: The vitality of AGU and the vitality of geophysics march hand in hand.

Four categories of supporting membership are offered by the Union: Individual Supporting Member $80 per year Life Supporting Member $1,500 Sustaining Member $5,000 Benefactor $10,000
Mineral and rock physics at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
Authors: Poirier Jean‐Paul
Published: October 2011

The Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG) was founded in 1921. Geophysics at that time consisted mostly of geomagnetism and the still‐young seismology. The physical properties of earth materials appeared only as material constants in equations, and the fact that they were mostly unknown was not a cause for inordinate worry. Geochemistry joined the IPG program in the 1960s. When Claude Allegre became director of the institute in 1976, he saw the need for the study of the properties of minerals and rocks in their own right, as well as for the application of the recent advances in materials science to earth sciences. He then asked Jean‐Paul Poirier to start a group for physics of geomaterials at IPG. Nine years later, the laboratory has become a recognized component of IPG, with interests and collaborations both in geophysics and geochemistry. The group consists of Poirier's own team (about a dozen people, including the graduate students), along with the growing teams of newcomers Yan Bottinga and Pascal Richet.
1986 report of the NSF Oversight Review Committee for Ocean Sciences
Authors: Sancetta Constance
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation (NSF) requires a triennial review of each of its programs. The review is normally carried out by a subcommittee of the external scientific advisory committee for the division. The charge to the review committee is “to provide NSF management with an advisory appraisal of the technical . . . stewardship by the NSF.” Topics to be addressed include the selection of mail reviewers, justification of the funding decision by the program officer, and assessment of any apparent imbalances in awards.
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman:(1) the dissertation title,(2) author's name,(3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution,(4) faculty advisor,(5) month and year degree was awarded, and (6) category of dissertation subject (Atmospheric Sciences, Hydrology, Ocean Sciences, Solid Earth, or Space Sciences).
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 12(2), February 28, 1987, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E87‐003 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Customer Services, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
Threats to international science
Authors: Kisslinger Carl
Published: October 2011

The role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as effective agents for promoting world science is seriously threatened. It is ironic that the threat comes from Norway and Denmark, two countries that have demonstrated a deep commitment to individual freedom and human rights. Motivated by a sincere desire to express their strongest disapproval of the “apartheid” policies of the government of the Republic of South Africa, these countries have passed laws that have the effect of rejecting the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) principles of nondiscrimination and free circulation of scientists.
[Comment on “The Eos October 21, 1986 Cover”] Transmogrifications of the Earth's dipole field
Authors: Fraser‐Smith A. C.
Published: October 2011

The October 21, 1986, issue of Eos had an attractive cover showing the Viking satellite in space near the earth. It also showed an artist's rendition of the magnetic field lines of the earth. Since the field lines were symmetric (see Figure 1 for a version of the cover), and the closed lines that were shown only extended out to about 2 RE from the earth's center, I would have expected the lines to be those of a dipole. However, a dipole field line pattern is characterized by “lobes” that are comparatively long and narrow in a direction perpendicular to the dipole axis, and the field lines on the Eos cover were too compressed along the equatorial dimension to meet that criterion. Something was wrong.
[Reply to Fraser‐Smith's “The Eos October 21, 1986 Cover”] In the eyes of the beholder
Authors: Stern David P. , Potemra Thomas A.
Published: October 2011

Fraser‐Smith's complaint about dipole field lines being scrunched up in illustrations is much ado about very little. On one memorable occasion, one of us did much worse (see Figure 1); he is still wondering how it happened! The point is that most drawings of the dipole field are cartoons and use a good measure of artistic license, especially artistic renditions like the one gracing the cover of Eos on October 21, 1986, showing fluffy suggestions of field lines with vague overtones of auroral arcs.

To the best of our knowledge, no erroneous physical conclusion ever arose from such a cartoon, though a considerable amount of journal space may have been saved. Purists may argue about accuracy, but most readers will agree that, like contact lenses, dipolarity is mostly in the eyes of the beholder.
Hutchinson Award to Eville Gorham
Authors: Nixon Scott W.
Published: October 2011

Eville Gorham, Regents Professor of Ecology and Botany at the University of Minnesota, is the 1986 recipient of the Hutchinson Award. The medallion and certificate that constitute the award are given annually by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) in recognition of outstanding research. The award was presented to Gorham by G.E. Hutchinson (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.) at a banquet in Newport, R.I., during the ASLO summer meeting.
First Pacific Symposium on Marine Sciences
Authors: Boehlert George W.
Published: October 2011

The First Pacific Symposium on Marine Sciences was held in Nakhodka in the Primorsk region of the Soviet Union, August 7—16, 1986. The meeting was organized by the Scientific Committee on Marine Sciences of the Pacific Science Association (PSA), an international nongovernmental body devoted to initiating and promoting cooperation in solving scientific problems of the Pacific Basin. The committee is composed of three marine scientists from the Soviet Union, three from the United States, and one each from Canada, the Philippines, Japan , New Zealand, France, Tahiti, Australia, South Korea, and Indonesia. The American members of the committee are G. W. Boehlert (National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Honolulu, Hawaii), J.C. Kelley (San Francisco State University, School of Science, San Francisco, Calif.), and G.R. Seckel (Pacific Fisheries Environmental Group, NMFS, Monterey, Calif.). The committee is chaired by V.I. Ilyichev, who is president of the Far Eastern Sciences Center of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences and also the director of the Pacific Oceanological Institute in Vladivostok.
Microbial processes and subsurface contaminants
Authors: Molz Fred J.
Published: October 2011

A Chapman Conference entitled “Microbial Processes in the Transport, Fate, and In Situ Treatment of Subsurface Contaminants” was held in Snowbird, Utah, October 1–3, 1986. Members of the program committee and session chairmen were Lenore Clesceri (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y.), David Gibson (University of Texas, Austin), James Mercer (GeoTrans, Inc., Herndon , Va.), Donald Michelsen (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg), Fred Molz (Auburn University, Auburn, Ala.), Bruce Rittman (University of Illinois, Urbana), Gary Sayler (University of Tennessee, Knoxville), and John T. Wilson (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, Okla.). The following report attempts to highlight the six sessions that constituted the conference. For additional information, including a bound summary and abstracts, contact Fred J. Molz, Civil Engineering Department, Auburn University, AL 36849 (telephone: 205‐826‐4321).
Child care options for working parents
Authors: Sancetta Connie
Published: October 2011

Current perceptions of day‐care programs, philosophies of how day‐care facilities should be run, and popular books on the subject were the topics of a special evening session sponsored by the Committee on Education and Human Resources at the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif. The session, which was attended by about 20 people, featured Patricia Bourne, a sociologist who specializes in federal and local day‐care policy.
NASA, CNES Sign TOPEX Agreement
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the French space agency, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), signed a memorandum of understanding on March 23, 1987, for a joint satellite oceanographic mission that is planned to make observations of ocean circulation on a global scale. The mission, planned for a late 1991 launch, is presently called the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/ Poseidon.
Acid Rain: A Water Resources Issue for the 80s
Authors: Church M. Robbins
Published: October 2011

This volume consists of 11 papers reprinted from the “Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hydrometeorology,” which was sponsored by the American Water Resources Association in June 1982. The papers cover a wide range of topics associated with the study of acidic deposition (commonly called “acid rain”) and its potential effects on various components of natural ecosystems.
U.S. Regional Aquifer Analysis Program
Authors: Johnson Ivan
Published: October 2011

As a result of the severe 1976–1978 drought, Congress in 1978 requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiate studies of the nation's aquifers on a regional scale. This continuing USGS project, the Regional Aquifer System Analysis (RASA) Program, consists of systematic studies of the quality and quantity of water in the regional groundwater systems that supply a large part of the nation's water.
Chapman Conference on Rainfall Fields
Authors: Gupta V. K.
Published: October 2011

The Chapman Conference on Rainfall Fields, sponsored by AGU, was the first of its kind; it was devoted to strengthening scientific interaction between the North American and Latin American geophysics communities. It was hosted by Universidad Simon Bolivar and Instituto Internacional de Estudios Avanzados, in Caracas, Venezuela, during March 24–27, 1986. A total of 36 scientists from Latin America, the United States, Canada, and Europe participated. The conference, which was convened by I. Rodriguez‐Iturbe (Universidad Simon Bolivar) and V. K. Gupta (University of Mississippi, University), brought together hydrologists, meteorologists, and mathematicians/statisticians in the name of enhancing an interdisciplinary focus on rainfall research.
Space plasma physics research at NASA
Authors: Shawhan Stanley D.
Published: October 2011

Space plasma physics research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is administered by the Space Plasma Physics Branch of the Earth Science and Applications Division of the Office of Space Science and Applications at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C. The general goal of the space plasma research program is to understand the fundamental properties of space plasmas and the complex interactive processes that control the environments of the earth, the planets, and the sun (processes in which plasmas play a significant role), including the processes associated with plasma flow throughout the interplanetary medium. Emphasis is placed on solar‐terrestrial physics to gain a better understanding of the plasma processes involved in the sun‐earth interaction chain whereby solar variations lead to short‐term and long‐term changes in the environment of the earth.
GISMOS Program and Workshop
Authors: de la Beaujardière O.
Published: October 2011

Since January 1984, several observation campaigns to study the coupling between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere have taken place. These are part of the GISMOS (Global Ionospheric Simultaneous Measurement of Substorms) Program, the goals of which are to

obtain simultaneous synergetic global measurements of the ionosphere and magnetosphere,

analyze individual events in detail to understand the time‐varying aspects of the ionosphere coupling

provide realistic inputs and boundary conditions for theoretical models, as well as observations against which the model predictions can be tested, and

foster comparisons and interconnections among the models by taking advantage of this global and fairly complete set of observations of specific events.
Travel Grants to IUGGA‐Associated Meetings
Authors: Shea M.A.
Published: October 2011

The procedures and policies for AGU travel grants to attend IUGG‐associated symposia is presented, including information on the nomination of the reviewing committee, the selection criteria, and examples of a few of the headaches and problems encountered in the selection process. A suggested “application etiquette” is also given.
Let's be sure to do our homework
Authors: Grew Priscilla C.
Published: October 2011

A strong federal budget for geophysical research requires the active support of Congress. AGU needs to raise the general level of awareness among members of key congressional committees and their staffs of the importance of geophysical phenomena to society and the contributions geophysicists can make in providing scientific information as an ingredient in the formulation of public policy.

Effective communication with any legislative body, be it a state legislature or Congress, requires long‐term repeated contact—not just a sudden appearance at the final stage of a budget deliberation or during a crisis when some geophysical event like a catastrophic earthquake or volcanic eruption captures the attention of legislators.
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman: (1) the dissertation title, (2) author's name, (3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution, (4) faculty advisor, (5) month and year degree was awarded, and (6) category of dissertation subject (Atmospheric Sciences, Hydrology, Ocean Sciences, Solid Earth, or Space Sciences).
Become an AGU Supporting Member
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

You can extend your commitment to the continuing vitality of geophysics by helping AGU to build funds that will provide for new initiatives and assist in funding some of the nonrevenue programs of AGU, such as the congressional science fellowship, minority student scholarships, and student travel grants. The AGU Development Committee is seeking gifts and contributions toward building the endowment of the Union: The vitality of AGU and the vitality of geophysics march hand in hand.
Committee on Personal Computers Meets
Authors: Lee Willie
Published: October 2011

The first meeting of AGU's Committee on Personal Computers was held on December 8, 1986, in San Francisco's Civic Auditorium. Present were Rock Bush (Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section; Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.), Holly Hartman for Tom Croley (Hydrology Section; Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Mich.), Tien‐Chang Lee (Tectonophysics Section; University of California, Riverside), Willie Lee (committee chairman; U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif.), Bill Menke (Seismology Section; Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, N.Y.), John Merrill (Atmospheric Sciences Section; University of Rhode Island, Narragansett), and John Philpotts (Volcanology, Geology, and Petrology (VGP) Section; U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.). In addition, about a dozen interested AGU members attended and participated in the discussions.
Allan Cox 1926”1987
Authors: Coe Rob , Dalrymple Brent
Published: October 2011

More than 1000 friends, students, and colleagues from all over the country filled Stanford Memorial Chapel (Stanford, Calif.) on February 3, 1987, to join in “A Celebration of the Life of Allan Cox.” Allan died early on the morning of January 27 while bicycling, the sport he had come to love the most. Between pieces of his favorite music by Bach and Mozart, Stanford administrators and colleagues spoke in tribute of Allan's unique qualities as friend, scientist, teacher, and dean of the School of Earth Sciences. James Rosse, Vice President and Provost of Stanford University, struck a particularly resonant chord with his personal remarks: "Allan reached out to each person he knew with the warmth and attention that can only come from deep respect and affection for others. I never heard him speak ill of others, and I do not believe he was capable of doing anything that would harm another being. He cared too much to intrude where he was not wanted, but his curiosity about people and the loving care with which he approached them broke down reserve to create remarkable friendships. His enthusiasm and good humor made him a welcome guest in the hearts of the hundreds of students and colleagues who shared the opportunity of knowing Allan Cox as a person."
Alfred Wegener: The Father of Continental Drift
Authors: Ledley Tamara Shapiro
Published: October 2011

This is the biography of a renaissance scientist. Now, when the disciplines of science are becoming narrower and we are beginning to understand the neccessity of broadening our scientific scope, we are presented in this book with the life of a scientist who had the imagination to bridge the confines of one discipline to make a major contribution to another.

Alfred Wegener spent most of his scientific life as an observational meteorologist who performed most of his work during expeditions in Greenland and Iceland. The first few chapters of the book clearly identify this as the major emphasis of his scientific work by briefly outlining his life and presenting a detailed description of his Arctic explorations, which ended with his death in Greenland in 1930. His last expedition is described in great detail in an attempt to characterize this man, who as leader of the expedition did everything in his power to safeguard those under him and to maintain continuous scientific investigations.
The Geology of Plate Margins
Authors: Hamilton Warren
Published: October 2011

Copies of this attractive chart will be hung in the halls of many earth science departments. Types of plate margins and intraplate features are presented in semicircular array in logical order from maximally divergent to maximally convergent: intraoceanic spreading (fast, moderate, slow); passive continental margins; intracontinental rifts and basins; transtensional, transform, and transpressional systems; convergent oceanic arcs (“migratory,” “detached,” “stationary”); convergent continental margins (“noncontracted,” “contracted”); and continent‐continent collision. Each type is illustrated by a cross‐sectional diagram, examples of the type are named, and its attributes are described briefly in wedged boxes narrowing toward the center of the semicircle: volcanism and plutonism, seismicity, metamorphism, structures, mineral deposits, and sedimentary basins and sediments.
Testimony before the Subcommittee on HUD‐Independent Agencies of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations
Authors: Eagleson Peter S.
Published: October 2011

The following written testimony was presented on May 8, 1987, by AGU President Peter S. Eagleson on behalf of the American Geophysical Union to the Subcommittee on HUD‐Independent Agencies of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations.

Mr. Chairman and committee members, my name is Peter S. Eagleson. I am President of the American Geophysical Union. AGU embraces the study of the earth, the planets, and their environment in space and is dedicated to the ideal of unselfish cooperation in research. It is a strong and rapidly expanding organization of more than 20,000 members who are research scientists, professors, students, administrators, engineers, and laymen.
Best Student Papers for 1986 Fall Meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

AGU sections may select Best Student Papers at AGU meetings as a means of encouraging student participation. At the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting, which was held in San Francisco, Calif., five sections chose to award Best Student Papers.
GEOMAG: A Geomagnetic Field Program
Authors: Pedie Norman W.
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has made available a new computer service for obtaining model values of the geomagnetic elements, such as declination and total field intensity. The service is part of the on‐line information system of the USGS Branch of Global Seismology and Geomagnetism and is based on an interactive program called GEOMAG. The system is accessible with a computer terminal and modem over the commercial telephone network or (from outside Colorado only) a toll‐free WATS line.
Distribution of radioelements and heat production in continental crust: Testing hypotheses with the drill
Authors: Crowley Kevin D.
Published: October 2011

A fundamental problem in geoscience research concerns the thermal regime of the earth, including temperature distributions with depth, sources and sinks of heat, and processes of heat transport. Measurements of heat flow at the surface of the earth, as well as those of heat production in surface and near‐surface rocks, provide some useful insights to the thermal structure of the interior. Perhaps the most significant of these is that radioactive heat‐producing elements (HPE) are not distributed homogeneously in the earth but, rather, are concentrated in continental crust, apparently by the same geochemical processes that govern crustal differentiation.
McGill University Climate Research Group
Authors: Mysak Lawrence A.
Published: October 2011

McGill University (Montreal, Canada) has recently formed Canada's first university climate research group in cooperation with the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Atmospheric Environment Service of Environment Canada. In response to a proposal prepared under the direction of Department of Meteorology chairman R. R. Rogers, a major grant of $1.1 million over 5 years has been awarded by these agencies to McGill to support the group, including two new faculty positions (the Industrial Research Chairs in Climatology) in the Department of Meteorology. Appointed to the new positions are Charles A. Lin, a specialist in atmospheric dynamics, and Lawrence A. Mysak, a physical oceanographer and applied mathematician. Mysak was also selected to be the director of the Climate Research Group (CRG).
The type thirty triode
Authors: Brooks David
Published: October 2011

Recently, while trying to establish peaceable speaking terms between two recalcitrant computer modems, exasperation won out, and I drifted away to simpler times. Back then, before the pestilence of faceless electronic locusts had spread throughout the land, components carried the look and feel of their functions, and circuit boards smelled of fresh lumber. Resistors were carbonaceous aneurysms in copper arteries. Capacitors were capable of condensing when necessary. Vacuum tubes were glassy greenhouses where electrons coursed among grids and plates worthy of their names.
Satellite geodesy on the lawn
Authors: Prescott William H.
Published: October 2011

During the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting in December, four Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers were demonstrated in a simulated field condition. Although billed as a “shootout,” constraints of time and location dictated that this demonstration would not be a valid test of the receivers, and in retrospect, it should not be viewed as such. Nevertheless, there may be some interest in the results. The experiment involved the Macrometer II™, manufactured by Litton Aero Service; the WM 101, manufactured by a joint venture of Wild‐Heerbrugg and Magnavox; the Trimble 4000 S; and the Texas Instruments TI 4100. The first three were operated by representatives of the manufacturers. The TI4100 instruments were owned and operated by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Volcano/net electronic mail network
Authors: Fink Jonathan
Published: October 2011

To promote rapid communication and data exchange among volcanologists, an international list of researchers and their electronic mail addresses is being compiled. If you are currently an electronic mail user on a non‐commercial network (e.g., BITNET , SPAN, ARPANET, CSNET, UUCP, JANET, OZ, etc.) or on one of the networks that uses GTE Mail or Telemail (such as Kosmos, Pi‐mail, or Omnet) and would like to be added to the list, send your name, title, user identification, node, network name, and a brief (one‐line maximum) description of your volcano‐related research interests to Jonathan Fink, Department of Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe , AZ 85287 (tel.: 602‐965‐3195) (BITNET: AIJHF@ ASUACAD).
Hawaii Volcano Observatory 75th anniversary
Authors: Wright Thomas , Decker Robert
Published: October 2011

The 75th anniversary of the founding of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) was celebrated during January 1987. The festivities began on January 9 with the opening in Hilo of a major exhibit at the Wailoa Center on the current work of HVO, its history, and its special relationship to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. In addition to spectacular photographs of volcanic activity and HVO field work, the exhibit featured continuous showings of underwater footage taken during the recent eruptive activity (December 1986) and a computer monitor that displayed the activity of HVO seismic net in real time. The exhibit, which was coordinated by HVO librarian/photo archivist Taeko Jane Takahashi and which featured the professional work of HVO photographer J . D. Griggs, was well received and will probably form the core of a future traveling exhibit.
Geophysical mapping over the offshore region of eastern Canada
Authors: Verhoef Jacob , Woodside John , Macnab Ron
Published: October 2011

Major collections of gravity and magnetic data from offshore eastern Canada have recently been compiled and combined with land data. Novel display techniques have been applied to these combined data sets, and the resulting maps are aiding us in assessing regional geological relationships. They also help to define areas of specific interest for further quantitative interpretation. The enhancement and display of the data in a variety of ways brings out features that might not otherwise be evident.
NASA plans to buy unmanned rockets
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced on May 15, 1987, that it plans to purchase the services of expendable launch vehicles (ELVs) for NASA missions. According to NASA administrator James C. Fletcher, “a major objective of this plan is to accelerate the deployment of the nation's backlog of space science missions.”

“NASA's purpose in seeking expendable launch services is to lessen dependence on a single launch system, the space shuttle,” Fletcher said. “Expendable launch vehicles will help assure access to space, add flexibility to the space program, and free the shuttle for manned scientific, shuttle‐unique, and important national security missions.”
U.S.S.R. Symposium on Polar Geomagnetic Phenomena
Authors: Raspopov O. M. , Zaitzev A. , Potemra T. A.
Published: October 2011

The International Symposium on Polar Geomagnetic Phenomena was held in Souzdal, U.S.S.R., May 25–31, 1986. More than 200 scientists from 12 countries travelled to this ancient Russian city (which is located 200 km north of Moscow) to participate in this symposium. It was organized to provide a forum to discuss the most recent surface and space measurements and theories of plasma processes in the earth's auroral and polar regions. Surface magnetic field observations have been used since the last century to study electric currents in the polar regions, and they are now complemented by surface photometric and radar observations and by balloon, rocket, and satellite programs. The Soviet Union extends nearly halfway around the world above the Arctic circle, so it has been an ideal region from which to conduct measurements of polar geomagnetic phenomena.
Seth Carlo Chandler, Jr.: Discoveries in polar motion
Authors: Carter W. E.
Published: October 2011

On January 1, 1988, the new International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) will become operational. IERS will encompass the services provided by the International Latitude Service (ILS), the International Polar Motion Service (IPMS), and the Bureau International de l'Heure (BIH) for nearly a century and will provide improved services that will be particularly useful to scientific researchers. For example, the IERS will establish and maintain a conventional celestial reference frame defined by a selected set of extragalactic radio sources, establish and maintain a conventional terrestrial reference frame defined by a set of globally distributed stations marked by monuments, determine improved constants of precession and nutation, and collect and distribute ancillary data important to understanding earth rotation, such as atmospheric angular momentum time series.
Solar‐terrestrial news from NSF
Authors: Peacock Dennis S.
Published: October 2011

As summer arrives, the pace of Solar‐Terrestrial (S/T) research quickens with field programs, workshops, conferences, and so on, not to mention the efforts of individuals released from the tyranny of grading. Summer 1986 saw the joint Balloon‐Viking Campaign, led by G. Parks (University of Washington, AK‐50, Room 202, ATG Building, Seattle, WA 98105). Excellent X ray imaging, radar and Viking data were obtained. In a separate effort, W. Heikkila (University of Texas at Dallas, Box 830688, MS F022, Richardson, TX 75083) obtained incoherent scatter radar data in conjunction with Viking passes. Both data sets are now under analysis, and if you have data to contribute and/or wish to participate in the analysis, please contact Parks or Heikkila.
Electron beam observation opportunity
Authors: Raitt John , Banks Peter
Published: October 2011

Ionospheric researchers will have the opportunity to conduct coordinated radio, radar, and optical observations in conjunction with other space‐based electron beam experiments as part of the upcoming Cooperative High‐Altitude Rocket Gun Experiments (CHARGE) 3 rocket flight in November 1988 at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR, White Sands, N.Mex.). The flight will be particularly interesting because of the high power planned for the electron gun (3.5 kV at 5 A), which is based, in part, on technology developments planned for the successful Excede series of rockets.

CHARGE 3 is the third in a series of U.S. flights made in collaboration with investigators from Utah State University (Logan), Stanford University (Stanford, Calif.), the Institute for Space and Astronautical Sciences (Sendai, Japan), and the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor). The general objectives for CHARGE 3 are fourfold:

to study vehicle charging and diagnosecontributory effects at higher beam currents and energy,

to study ELF/VLF wave generation and propagation from dc and modulated electron beams,

to diagnose beam propagation remotely by studying E region ionization and optical excitation, and

to investigate voltage and current distribution in an electrically tethered space vehicle system at higher beam currents.
IRI 86 and MSIS 86 models updated
Authors: Bilitza Dieter
Published: October 2011

The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is the empirical standard model of ionospheric plasma densities and temperatures, sponsored by the Union Radio Scientifique Internationale (URSI)/Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). An international task group is in charge of updating the model, incorporating new measurements, and releasing improved editions. IRI 86 is based on the decisions made at the Louvain‐la‐Neuve workshop (see the “International Reference Ionosphere Status 1985–1986” issue of Advances in Space Research, vol. 5, no. 10, 1985) and was released at the Toulouse (France) COSPAR meeting (to be published in an upcoming issue of Advances in Space Research, 1987).

The Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (MSIS) neutral atmosphere model was developed and updated by Hedin et al. [1977] and Hedin [1983, 1987]. The model describes the global and temporal variations of neutral densities and temperatures in the upper atmosphere. Its data sources include measurements from several rockets, satellites, and incoherent scatter radars. MSIS 86 will also constitute the upper part of the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA), following the decisions made at last year's COSPAR meeting in Toulouse.
Agencies confer on global change
Authors: Sackett Bill
Published: October 2011

Organization of a national forum and the development of a scientific plan for studies on global change are among the initiatives that the U.S. Committee on Global Change (CGC) is considering as a way of focusing U.S. efforts to assess anthropogenic changes in the global environment. The committee, which met for the first time at the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) on June 11—12, 1987, set out to determine the status of various national and international programs. The meeting also enabled the National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and other agency representatives to describe their past efforts and future plans and commitments toward a national global change program. Scientific organizations such as AGU and the Smithsonian Institution will probably be invited to take part in such a national forum and in the development of the scientific plan.
Along the water front
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Ray Rice has received the “Outstanding Scientist Award” from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service for his research on wildland hydrology. A member of the Hydrology Section since 1960, Price is a research hydrologist for the Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory in Areata, Calif.
New study on methane increase
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A recent study that examined the annual globally averaged increase in atmospheric methane reveals a 0.78% increase, somewhat less than the 1–2% annual increase reported by other investigators in earlier studies. According to a report in the June issue of the Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, it is too soon to say if the difference between the measurements is significant.

Although earlier studies were based on longer periods of measurements, they covered a smaller geographic area. In the new study, methane concentrations were measured in air samples that were collected weekly at 23 sites around the globe during a 2‐year period that began in May 1983. These sites constitute the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change sampling network.
A low‐cost microcomputer system for interactive graphical processing of geophysical data on magnetic tape
Authors: Ulbrich Carlton W. , Holden Daniel N.
Published: October 2011

In a recent Eos article (“Applications of Personal Computers in Geophysics,” Eos, November 18, 1986, p. 1321), W.H.K. Lee, J.C. Lahr, and R.E. Haberman described the uses of microcomputers in scientific work, with emphasis on applications in geophysics. One of the conclusions of their article was that common microcomputers are not convenient for processing of geophysical data in a high‐level language such as Fortran because of the long times required to compile executable programs of only moderate size. They also indicate that common personal computers (PCs) are usually not equipped with tape drives and are not powerful enough to do heavy input/output (I/O) or “number crunching.” The purpose of this note is to supplement the material that Lee et al. presented by describing a relatively low‐cost microcomputer system that is capable of performing interactive graphical processing of meteorological data on magnetic tape in a variety of computer languages, including Fortran.
Study of Earth's deep interior
Authors: Cain Joseph , Loper David
Published: October 2011

More than a decade has passed since the very successful 1971 meeting on the coremantle interface that was organized by Allan Cox at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne [Cox and Cain, 1972]. The rationale of that meeting was to bring together workers in several different disciplines that normally do not interact at scientific gatherings. In recognition of the facts that significant advances in our understanding of Earth's deep interior have taken place since that time but that there is yet the problem of combining data and theories from disparate geophysical disciplines, a group met during the Prague meeting of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) and formed an ad hoc consortium named “ISECALM” (International Study of the Earth's Core and Lower Mantle). One of the principal instigators of this initiative was Ray Hide (U.K. Meteorological Office, Bracknell), who was also instrumental in organizing the 1971 core‐mantle meeting.
General Circulation of the Ocean
Authors: Klinck John M.
Published: October 2011

The past half decade has been a period of vibrant growth in our understanding of the dynamics of large‐scale ocean circulation. There have been notable advances in combining thermohaline and wind‐driven theories, and it is time that these ideas are spread more widely to researchers and students. To meet this need, the book General Circulation of the Ocean edited by H.D.I. Abarbanel and W.R. Young, presents a series of overview lectures given by people working in the area of ocean circulation. The objective of the book is to bring recent theories of ocean circulation to a wider audience. In this, it succeeds admirably.
Microburst Project takes off
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A new radar system implemented on June 22, 1987, in Denver, Colo., will make possible much more detailed and timely forecasting of thunderstorms and microbursts, according to Jim Wilson of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo. Microbursts are extremely strong downdrafts of air that are occasionally associated with thunderstorms. When the bursts change direction from vertical to horizontal near the ground, the resulting conditions of wind shear can disable an aircraft during landing and takeoff.
International Scientific Cooperation: Past and future
Authors: Roederer Juan G.
Published: October 2011

On April 6–9, 1987, a special symposium was held in Brussels in honor of Marcel Nicolet on his 75th birthday. The symposium was entitled “On the Diversity and Similarity of Comets” and was cosponsored by the Institut d'Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique and the European Space Agency (ESA). Nearly 200 scientists participated; the proceedings will be published by ESA.

Nicolet is a world‐renowned scientist who has made far‐reaching contributions to the understanding of the chemistry and dynamics of the upper atmosphere. In his first years as a scientist, he carried out important research on comets. He was one of the initial planners of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) and served as the Scientific Secretary of the Comité Spéciale de l'Année Géophysique Internationale (CSAGI). Nicolet deserves much of the credit for the success of the IGY. He has been a member of AGU since 1959 and was awarded the Bowie Medal in 1984.
Scientific Drilling at Sulphur Springs, Valles Caldera, New Mexico: Core Hole VC 2A
Authors: Goff Fraser , Nielson Dennis L. , Gardner Jamie N. , Hulen Jeffrey B. , Lysne Peter , Shevenell Lisa , Rowley John C.
Published: October 2011

A scientific core hole has been drilled into the western ring fracture zone of the Valles Caldera, N.Mex. Hole VC‐2A, the second scientific core hole in the caldera, was cored through a faulted and brecciated sequence of intracaldera tuffs and volcaniclastic rocks to a depth of 528 m at Sulphur Springs. As of November 1, 1986, the unequilibrated bottom hole temperature was 212°C. The rocks that have been penetrated are intensely altered and contain molybdenite mineralization (MnC>2) that is less than or equal to 1.1 m.y. in age. The active hydrothermal system at Sulphur Springs consists of a thin (5‐m) acid condensation zone overlying vapor‐ and water‐dominated zones. The latter two zones are apparently separated by a region of tightly sealed rock.
Undergrad funding from NSF
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

More than 2500 graduate students will participate directly in science, mathematics, and engineering research during 1987–1988 in a program sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Recently, 128 grants were awarded to small and large colleges and universities, national research facilities, and a major corporation in the Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program. REU was initiated by NSF with the purpose of fostering the development of future scientists, mathematicians, and engineers by providing opportunities for active involvement in research for undergraduate students. Most of the grants will go to college and university faculty members for the development of research sites a round the country, each typically involving around eight students in research and the use of advanced instrumentation. The average amount of these grants is $42,000.
Hydrology Section Bylaws
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

American Geophysical Union Bylaws of the Hydrology Section (Approved by AGU Council, May 19, 1987) Article 1. Name The name of this organization shall be the Hydrology Section of the American Geophysical Union.

Article 2. Objectives To promote the aims and activities of the American Geophysical Union within the field of hydrology and water resources, including:

To promote th e scientific study of hydrology and water resources and to make the results of such studies available to the public by (1) scientific discussion, publication, and other dissemination of information, and (2) by sponsorship of scientific and technical symposia, colloquia, and meetings.

To initiate and participate in hydrologic and water resource research programs, including those that depend upon international cooperation.

To promote cooperation among those scientific organizations whose objectives include furtherance of knowledge in the hydrologic and water resource disciplines.
X ray imager to monitor solar activity
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An instrument mounted on a satellite that is due to be launched into geostationary orbit in the early 1990s will greatly improve the forecasting of solar flares and the prediction o f hazards resulting from the flux of radiation into Earth's atmosphere during such solar disturbances. X ray images collected each minute by the instrument and transmitted back to Earth will permit the continuous observation of the evolution of holes in the solar corona and potentially dangerous flares.
Modeling distinct vortices of the ocean
Authors: Cushman‐Roisin Benoit
Published: October 2011

On March 23–25, 1987, with the support of the Office of Naval Research, a 3‐day colloquium was held at the Florida State University, Tallahassee, to discuss and summarize the recent developments in modeling of oceanic distinct vortices, such as Gulf Stream rings, isolated eddies, and solitary waves. The continuing interest in these oceanic features stems from their ubiquity, large amplitudes, and significant effects. Indeed, they not only contribute, with mesosca–20 days in time) but also affect the general circulation, regional heat budgets, and open ocean air‐sea interactions, not to mention their biological and other impacts.
Geology and Metallogeny of Copper Deposits
Authors: McKibben Michael A.
Published: October 2011

This book contains 39 papers (by 72 authors) that are based upon invited presentations given at the Symposium on Copper Deposits at the 27th International Geological Congress in Moscow. The symposium was jointly organized and sponsored by the Society of Economic Geologists (SEG), the Society of Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits (SGA), and the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits (IAGOD). All of the papers are in English. They were reviewed by the editors as well as by external referees and have been printed in a uniform typeface.
Future Fall Meeting plans: Report of questionnaire results for the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting
Authors: Harrison C. G. A.
Published: October 2011

A questionnaire was distributed to all 1986 AGU Fall Meeting participants. In all, we received 574 replies, most of them complete. The purpose of the questionnaire was to obtain data to assist with the planning of future AGU Fall Meetings.