bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The contribution of shipping to air pollution in the Mediterranean region – a multimodel evaluation: Comparison of photooxidants NO2 and O3
Authors: Fink Lea , Karl Matthias , Matthias Volker , Oppo Sonia , Kranenburg Richard , Kuenen Jeroen , Moldanova Jana , Jutterström Sara , Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Majamäki Elisa
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Shipping has a significant contribution to the emissions of air pollutants such as NOx and particulate matter (PM), and the global maritime transport volumes are projected to increase further in the future. The Mediterranean Sea contains the major route for short sea shipping within Europe and contains the main shipping route between Europe and East Asia. Thus, it is a highly frequented shipping area, and high levels of air pollutants with significant contributions from shipping emissions are observed at monitoring stations in many cities along the Mediterranean coast. The present study is part of the EU H2020 project SCIPPER (Shipping contribution to Inland Pollution Push for the Enforcement of Regulations). Five different regional chemistry transport models (CAMx, CHIMERE, CMAQ, EMEP, LOTOS-EUROS) were used to simulate the transport, chemical transformation and fate of atmospheric pollutants in the Mediterranean Sea for 2015. Shipping emissions were calculated with STEAM version 3.3.0, and land-based emissions were taken from the CAMS-REG v2.2.1 dataset for a domain covering the Mediterranean Sea on a resolution of 12x12 km2 (or 0.1° x 0.1°). All models used their standard setup for further input. Ship contribution was calculated with the zero-out method. One run using the tagging method was performed with LOTOS-EUROS. The model outputs were compared against each other and to measured background data at monitoring stations. The results showed differing outputs regarding the time series and pattern of model outputs but similar results with regard to the overall underestimation of NO2 and overestimation of O3. The contribution from ships to the total NO2 concentration was especially high at the main shipping routes and coastal regions (25 % to 85 %). The contribution from ships to the total O3 concentration was lowest in regions with the highest NO2 contribution (down to -20 %). A comparison of the zero-out and tagging methods has shown that the annual mean ship contribution to the total NO2 concentration is smaller (up to 75 %) and has a lower range when the tagging method is used. CAMx and CHIMERE simulated the highest ship contributions to the NO2 and O3 air concentrations. Additionally, the strongest correlation was found between CAMx and CHIMERE, which can be traced back to the usage of the same meteorological input data. The CMAQ, EMEP and LOTOS-EUROS simulated values were within one range for the NO2 and O3 air concentrations. Regarding deposition output, larger differences between the models were found when compared to air concentration. These uncertainties and deviations between models are caused by deposition mechanisms, which are unique within each model. A reliable output from models simulating ship contributions can be expected for air concentrations of NO2 and O3.
Some tools to forecast the extreme precipitation events in the Mediterranean areas
Authors: Sanchez Jose Luis , Merino Andres , García-Ortega Eduardo , Navarro Andres , Tapiador Francisco Javier , Marcos Jose Luis
Published: July 2022

The extreme precipitation events had received priority attention due to its environmental, social and economic implications. Over the last decades, atmospheric modeling has been an essential tool to minimize their impact, with mesoscale numerical models development. However, model validation has large challenges in the case of the precipitation field. The reasons are well known, namely, precipitation measurement uncertainties, use of gridded datasets vs direct observations, statistical goodness-of-fit measures selection, etc. In this regard, accumulated precipitation throughout the event has been commonly used as an indicator of model performance. Nevertheless, because of their potentially dramatic consequences, intense sub-daily precipitation is of great importance for risk assessment. Thus, intense precipitation over a very short period often result flash floods in the Mediterranean area, for which a sub-event precipitation assessment is required. In this work hourly precipitation outputs of the WRF model has been analyzed within extreme precipitation events in Iberian Peninsula. The WRF testing was carried out considering three microphysics and two planetary boundary layer parameterizations. The results shown poor results for WRF hourly precipitation vs. observation from point to point. However, the parametrizations were relevant, with the Goddard and Thompson microphysics and MYNN PBL performing better.
Spatio-temporal nowcasting of local severe weather events with deep neural networks
Authors: Chkeir Sandy , Anesiadou Aikaterini , Biondi Riccardo
Published: July 2022

In the last decades, the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events have increased in Europe. The climate change, through its impact on the atmospheric processes, is expected to lead to further increase of such severe phenomena which also affect the air traffic activities. Therefore, a continuous monitoring and understanding of convective and pre- convective environment is highly demanded and indeed several studies have been made towards this direction. However, there are still gaps and uncertainties, especially regarding extreme weather events that are locally developing in a short time range. The nowcasting of extreme weather is a difficult task due to the complex structures and non-linear relation between its features. The existing weather numerical models are computationally expensive and limited by the difficulty to transform the acquired knowledge into accurate mathematical equations. For these reasons, this topic has gradually gained attention in the artificial intelligence community which aims at establishing more accurate models than the existing well-known techniques.

Within the H2020 SESAR multi-hAzard monitoring and earLy wARning system (ALARM) project, we focus on nowcasting the rain and wind speed using different algorithm input configurations that account for convective and pre-convective environments using data from weather stations, lightning detectors, radar and GNSS receivers with 10-minute sampling rate. The selected areas are Milano Malpensa and Brussels Zaventem airports, where extreme weather events are highly active. With the good quality datasets available for 10 years, we built an end-to-end spatio-temporal nowcasting model that ensembles independent Long Short Term Memory based encoder decoder sub-models to predict rain and wind speed absolute values up to 1 hour ahead given 2 hours of past observations.

Following the regression analysis of the predicted features, we classify rain and wind speed extremes events and we present the assessment of the nowcasting model in terms of the probability of detection, false alarm ratio and the critical success index. For specific case studies we also showcase the potentials of the model as a useful tool for aviation management. The results show excellent wind speed nowcasting performances with probability of detection higher than 90% and false alarms ranging from 1% to 3%. The rain nowcasting model underestimates the observations but a post-processing adjustment allows to reach probability of detection higher than 80% and about 10% of false alarms.
Analysis of the development mechanisms of a large-hail storm event, on the Adriatic Sea using an atmosphere-ocean coupled model (COAWST)
Authors: Ricchi Antonio , Mazzarella Vincenzo , Marzano Frank , Miglietta Mario Marcello , Picciotti Errico , Montopoli Mario , Baldini Luca , Vulpiani Gianfranco , Tiesi Alessandro , Mazzà Simone , Ferretti Rossella
Published: July 2022

On the morning of 10 July 2019, an intrusion of relatively cold and dry air, over the Adriatic Sea, through a "bora jet", gave rise to a frontal structure at the ground, which moved rapidly from the Northern to the Southern Adriatic. The intense thermal gradient (together with a high positive sea surface temperature anomaly), the interaction of the jet with the complex topography of Apennines and the coastal boundary, generated a storm structure that moved parallel to the central Italy coast. In particular, between 8UTC and 12UTC, a supercell developed along the coast to the north of Pescara city (middle Adriatic), producing rainfall that reached 130 mm in 3 hours, and a violent hailstorm (estimated diameter greater than 10 cm).

In this work, the frontal dynamics and the genesis of the thunderstorm are studied using the numerical system COAWST. Local polarimetric radar observations are also used to check the consistency of the simulations in the mature phase of the supercell. Numerical experiments are performed using a 1 km grid over central Italy, initialized using the ECMWF IFS analysis/forecasts. The sensitivity study investigates the role of the orography, the sea surface temperature (SST) and the coupling between ocean and atmosphere. Orography tests include simulations where the relevant peaks of the Apennine range (such as Gran Sasso and Picentini) are removed as well as cases where their peaks are modified compared to their real values. In terms of SST, we employ, using an uncoupled approach, the ECMWF SST dataset, the MFS-CMEMS Copernicus dataset at 4 km, 0.01°C Satellite SST, and we investigate the role of the SST anomaly (adding +1°C and +2°C to the real field). The role of the ocean-atmosphere interaction is tested using the COAWST numerical model using an ocean model numerical grid at 1 km resolution over the whole Adriatic Sea.
Evaluation of aerosol direct and indirect effects on extreme precipitation events over Liguria Region 
Authors: Ferrari Francesco , Cassola Federico , Mazzino Andrea , Miglietta Marcello Mario , Morichetti Mauro , Rizza Umberto
Published: July 2022

Liguria region in the last years has been affected by devasting floods as result of extreme precipitation events. During these events, many records in terms of precipitations amount/rates over the Italian peninsula were overtaken, such as181mm/h during the 4 November 2011 Genoa flood, and 741 mm/12h and 884 mm/24h during the 21 October 2021 Rossiglione flood.

 

From a synoptic point of view, similar configurations characterize the extreme events that affected Liguria region, i.e., the presence of a deep pressure minimum west of the region and a strong high pressure over eastern Europe. Such conditions are favorable to the triggering of a quasi-stationary mesoscale convective systems over the Ligurian Sea.

Furthermore, this kind of configuration is favorable to the formation and transport of wide plumes of aerosol, mainly mineral dust from the Sahara Desert and sea salt aerosols generated under high

wind condition in the Mediterranean basin.

 

The present study aims to evaluate the impact that these aerosol plumes can have on the triggering and evolution of the deep convective systems responsible for Liguria flooding events. This study is carried out through numerical simulations performed with the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting)-Chem model, version 4.0.  WRF-Chem is the WRF model coupled with the Chemistry: the model simulates the emission, transport, mixing, and chemical transformation of trace gases and aerosols as well as the meteorology.

In particular, the object of the presented research is to investigate the influence that cloud-aerosol-radiation interactions may have on the physics and dynamics of the rainfall events, primarily by means of the so-called direct (aerosol-cloud) and indirect (aerosol-radiation) interactions.

 

For this purpose, 3 different sets of simulations were performed: a control run, in which the chemical part of WRF-Chem model has not been activated, i.e., the production and transport of aerosol and its direct and indirect effects on atmosphere are not taken into account; a run in which the dust transport is considered and only aerosol direct effect are accounted for; a final run in which both direct and indirect effects are taken into account.
Spatio-temporal evaluation of three rainfall prediction methods on French Riviera coastal catchments
Authors: Vigoureux Sarah , Brigode Pierre , Ramos Maria-Helena , Javelle Pierre , Poggio Julie , Nomis Stan , Dreyfus Raphaëlle , Delestre Olivier , Moreau Emmanuel , Laroche Christophe , Tric Emmanuel
Published: July 2022

The French Riviera, located in the eastern part of the French Mediterranean coast, has experienced devastating flash floods, in particular during the last decade. These floods were generated by localized and intense or severe rainfall events, leading to significant material and human losses, especially on small coastal catchments. Flood forecasting is still challenging on those catchments  because they often have sparse rain gauge networks and are mostly ungauged in terms of streamflow. For example, the October 2015 event affected the Riou de l’Argentière, Frayère and Brague coastal catchments (respectively 47 km², 21 km² and 72 km²) with rain intensities (up to 200 mm in only two hours) characterized by a significant spatial variability (up to two times more precipitation on the downstream part of the catchments). This study investigates whether todays’ operational precipitation forecasts are effective on the French Riviera to accurately predict the episodes of intense Mediterranean precipitation.

We evaluate the performance of three rainfall prediction methods on 47 French Riviera coastal catchments. The NOVIMET method is based on a “simple” advection of observed radar rainfall fields and provide predictions at a horizontal resolution of 1 km and up to 2 hours of lead time. An “elaborated” advection method using a machine learning algorithm which applies radar image analysis to provide predictions up to six hours at the same spatial and temporal resolutions. Finally, we also evaluate predictions based on a blended product based on the aggregation of radar extrapolation and atmospheric numerical model predictions: PIAF. PIAF, provides forecasts at a horizontal resolution of 1 km and shorter lead times (0-3h). Rainfall forecasts are provided either as a single estimation or as an ensemble of equiprobable forecasts.

We evaluate the methods on their ability to reconstruct historical precipitation events. Forecasts are evaluated against the hourly, 1km x 1km gridded COMEPHORE radar precipitation product of Météo-France, available from 1997 to 2020. We calculate metrics of forecast quality that capture the spatio-temporal characteristics of the precipitation events. The results are discussed from the point of view of users, who assist municipalities in flood risk forecasting and mobilizes teams when it is needed to monitor events and take appropriate actions to anticipate the risk of flooding.
Combined ground and space-borne lightning detection over a mountainous region 
Authors: Tiberia Alessandra , Arnone Enrico , Dietrich Stefano
Published: July 2022

Typical features of lightning distribution in the mountain area of Mt. Cimone (2165 m a.s.l. - Northern-Central Italy) have been studied through detections provided by the ground-based LIghtning NETwork data (LINET) and the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) onboard the International Space Station (ISS-LIS).  The study was performed within the context of lightning implications as natural hazard, and its role in a changing climate. Of particular interest are mountain regions because of their orographic impact, which determine most lightning hotspots around the globe. LINET VLF/LF radio measurements allowed the characterization of both cloud-to-ground (CG) and intra-cloud (IC) strokes' geographical distribution and altitude of occurrence over 2012 through 2020. The lightning distribution showed a remarkable clustering of CGs at the mountain top in contrast to a homogeneous distribution of ICs, highlighting the likely impact of orography. IC strokes peaked around 4 to 6 km altitude, consistency with the observed typical cloud range. The joint exploitation of LIS-ISS optical observations of LINET detections extended the study to further features of flashes not seen in radio wavelengths and stands as cross-validation of the two detection methods over such a complex orography. These results give an example of mountain-driven changes in lightning occurrence. The clustering at the Cimone mountain top induced by the orography replicates a general feature of the dependence of global lightning hot-spots from elevation and is of great interest in the understanding of the lighting-climate relationship, considering known effects of elevation-depedent climate change.
Water-Age Accounting, Fully Distributed Watershed Modeling for Flood Forecasting
Authors: Castelli Fabio , Arrighi Chiara
Published: July 2022

Water-age accounting, and its stable isotopic signature due to fractionation, is becoming a powerful tool in gaining further insights in several science questions related to watershed hydrologic response in extreme weather events and its sensitivity to land and climate changes. Experience is quite limited on fully distributed watershed models capable of explicitly tracking water age and stable isotopes variations along the modelled fluxes. Most of these models rely on a full-mixing simplifying hypothesis inside each model conceptual reservoir, e.g. a soil layer in a computational pixel or a river reach. This hypothesis is known to seriously affect the capability of matching model results with isotope data, especially at time scales much shorter than the seasonal one, hence preventing efficient data assimilation to improve model calibration ad state estimation. We propose here a water age-and-isotope tracking version of the fully distributed watershed model MOBIDIC, which in its standard operational version includes surface energy-mass balance, snowpack dynamics, hydraulic river and reservoir routing, surface-groundwater interactions. An augmented EnKF isotope and river discharge data assimilation framework is also presented based on such a model, aimed at both estimating key model parameters and improving the estimation of river water partitioning among different sources during floods. While input hydrometeorological data used in the experiments refer to real high-flow events on a mid-size mountain basin, synthetic data are generated (with an ideally ‘unknown’ set of model parameters) for river flows and isotopes in a first assimilation efficiency assessment presented here.
Exploring space and time dimensions of indirect impacts of floods
Authors: Arrighi Chiara , Castelli Fabio
Published: July 2022

Models for the assessment of direct flood impacts are widely applied, while models for indirect impacts and cascading effects are still in a theoretic and demonstration phase. The division of damage into direct and indirect is commonplace, but interpretations and delineations of what is considered a direct and indirect impact differ. Direct damages are usually associated with the physical contact with flood water, thus almost instantaneous, and generally estimated by stage-damage functions. All the consequences beyond the physical damage are considered indirect impacts and include effects occurring outside the inundated area in space and time. This work presents two modelling frameworks capable of describing the space and time dimensions of indirect flood impacts. The first model simulates the water supply system (WSS) of a metropolitan area and the effect of the service disruption for users in case of floods. The second model simulates the recovery after a flood and it is specifically tailored for describing resilience of art cities, where cultural heritage makes the difference in socio-economic impacts. Both models are applied to the metropolitan area of Firenze (Italy) as a proof of concept. The results show how significant space and time extents of indirect impacts are, when compared to direct ones and this drive the need for a better understanding of system perspectives in flood risk management.
Assessment of projected Mediterranean SST influence on severe precipitation events
Authors: Furnari Luca , Castagna Jessica , Mendicino Giuseppe , Senatore Alfonso
Published: July 2022

While observations of Mediterranean SST (Sea Surface Temperature) are showing an increasing trend during the last decades, future CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) projections highlight a further increase of approximately 3 °C, according to the SSP3-7.0 (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway) scenario. Among the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Basin, the Calabrian peninsula (southern Italy) is particularly prone to severe hydrometeorological events due to the intense atmosphere-sea interactions, further enhanced by local complex orography.

This study evaluates how the observed and projected Mediterranean SST increase affects the precipitation patterns in Calabria. We performed four months of simulations in a particularly rainy period from September to December 2019 using WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model by varying the SST lower boundary conditions. First, we considered actual conditions provided by ERA5 reanalysis. Then, we hypothesised past (a homogeneous decrease of −1 °C, referring approximately to 1980) and future (a homogeneous increase of +3 °C, referring to the end of this century) SST scenarios. Other boundary conditions, also given by ERA5, were not modified.

We focused on 20 rainfall events that actually occurred during the analysed period, whose intensities and spatial patterns were affected by different SST values. Most of the more dangerous events, coming south-eastwards from the Ionian Sea, increased their intensity with higher SST, fueling the atmosphere with water vapour more efficiently. Still, due to the enhanced atmospheric instability, such events were often solved in off-shore storms before reaching the coastline. Therefore, the analysis suggests that if only the SST changes are considered, the frequency of severe inland events will increase due to the enhanced air-sea flux exchange, but the intensity will not.

Further studies will be based on improved, fully-coupled atmospheric, oceanic and hydrological modelling systems and extend the analysis to different Mediterranean regions.
Extreme meteorological droughts from paleo-climatic reconstructions analyzed through non-asymptotic extreme-value distributions
Authors: Caruso Maria Francesca , Peres David Johnny , Cancelliere Antonino , Marani Marco
Published: July 2022

Drought is a complex and multifaceted natural phenomenon whose effects may have serious environmental and socio-economic impacts on communities. Drought is a multi-year phenomenon and thus its probabilistic characterization needs long instrumental records. As a possible way to overcome the limitation posed by the paucity of long-term historical records of hydro-meteorological variables, in this work we aim at using paleo-climate reconstructions from tree-ring records, which are becoming increasingly available (International Tree-Ring Data Bank, ITRDB, accessible from the repositories of the NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information). On the other side, we attempt to find the statistical link of paleo-climate data with drought characteristics identified on indices largely used in the literature, such as the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI). In particular, we determine drought events and their properties (severity, duration, and intensity) using threshold methods based on the statistical “theory of runs”. We then explore the potentialities of using the recently-proposed Metastatistical Extreme Value Distribution (MEVD) to estimate the probability of occurrence of extreme drought events of different severity, duration, or intensity at several European sites. Unlike the statistical approaches based on the traditional Extreme Value Theory, the MEVD framework minimizes estimation uncertainty by leveraging the information content of all the ordinary values (i.e., those in the main body of the probability distribution).

More in detail, in this work we focus on: (1) tests of the reliability of these paleo-climatic reconstructions in reproducing meteorological droughts in long observational records, (2) the statistical analysis approach affording minimal uncertainty in the estimation of extreme drought events with an assigned probability of exceedance, and (3) how the severity and timing of impacts vary across and within drought-affected areas.
Deep water hydrodynamic observations of two moorings sites on the continental slope of the Southern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Paladini de Mendoza Francesco , Schroeder Katrin , Langone Leonardo , Chiggiato Jacopo , Borghini Mireno , Giordano Patrizia , Verazzo Giulio , Miserocchi Stefano
Published: July 2022

Abstract. This work presents an 8-years long dataset of monitoring activities conducted on the western margin of the Southern Adriatic Sea, where two moorings have been placed since 2012 in sites that are representative of different morpho-dynamic conditions of the continental slope (open slope vs. submarine canyon). The dataset includes measurements conducted with both current meters and CTD probes, and provides information about the hydrodynamics and thermohaline properties of the last 100 m of the water column. The hydrodynamics in both sites is dominated by weak currents (<0.1 ms-1), which undergo yearly to episodic pulsation able to exceed intensity greater than 0.5 ms-1 which are linked to the passage of dense waters. The 8-years records presented here, represents a starting point for the continuous observation activity set up on occasion of the "Operation Dense Water" in 2012, focused on the Southern Adriatic deep-water dynamic. Since then the observatory has been on-going since 2012 and the database is regularly updated. All the data described here are made publicly available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6770202 (Paladini de Mendoza et al., 2022) and are compliant with the FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable).
Operational water forecast ability of the iSnobal-HRRR coupling; an evaluation to adapt into production environments
Authors: Meyer Joachim , Skiles S. McKenzie , Horel John , Kormos Patrick , Hedrick Andrew , Trujillo Ernesto
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Operational water-resource forecasters, such as the Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) in the Western United States rely on historical records to calibrate the temperature-index models currently used for snowmelt runoff predictions. This data dependence is increasingly challenged, with global and regional climatological factors changing the seasonal snowpack in mountain watersheds. To evaluate and improve the CBRFC modeling options, this work ran the physically based snow energy balance iSnobal model, forced with outputs from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) numerical weather model across four years in a subset region. Compared to in-situ, remotely sensed, and the current operational CBRFC model, the iSnobal-HRRR coupling showed well-reconstructed snow depths until peak accumulation (Mean differences between -0.20 and +0.28 m). Once snowmelt set in, iSnobal-HRRR showed that simulated snowmelt was slower relative to observations, depleting snow on average up to 34 days later. The melting period is a critical component for water forecasting. Based on the results, there is a need for revised energy balance calculations in iSnobal, which is a recommended future improvement to the model. Nevertheless, the presented performance and architecture make iSnobal-HRRR a promising combination for the CBRFC production needs, where there is a demonstrated change to the seasonal snow in the mountain ranges around the Colorado River Basin. Long term goal is to introduce the iSnobal-HRRR coupling in day-to-day CBRFC operations, and this work created the foundation to expand and evaluate larger domains.
Controls on leaf water hydrogen and oxygen isotopes: A local investigation across seasons and altitude
Authors: Liu Jinzhao , Wu Huawu , Jiang Chong , Guo Li , Zhang Haiwei , Zhao Ying
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The stable oxygen (δ18Oleaf) and hydrogen (δ2Hleaf) isotopes of leaf water act as a bridge that connects hydroclimate to plant-derived organic matter. However, it remains unclear whether the source water (i.e., twig water, soil water, and precipitation) or meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) are the dominant controls on δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf. Here, we reported seasonal analysis of δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf together with isotopes from potential source waters and meteorological parameters along an elevation transect on the Chinese Loess Plateau. We found that δ2Hleaf values were more closely correlated with source water isotopes than δ18Oleaf values, whereas δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf values were similarly correlated with meteorological parameters. Dual-isotope analysis showed that the δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf values were closely correlated because of their similar altitudinal and seasonal responses, and so generated a well-defined isotope line relative to the local meteoric water line (LMWL). We also compared the measured δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf values with predicted values by the Craig-Gordon model, and found no significant differences between them. We demonstrate that the first-order control on δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf values was the source water, and the second-order control was the enrichment associated with biochemical and environmental factors.
Evaluation of lidar-assisted wind turbine control under various turbulence characteristics
Authors: Guo Feng , Schlipf David , Cheng Po Wen
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Lidar systems installed on the nacelle of wind turbines have the capability to provide a preview of incoming turbulent wind. Lidar-assisted wind turbine control (LAC) allows the turbine controller to react to changes in the wind before they affect the wind turbine. Currently, the most proven LAC technique is the collective pitch feed-forward control, which has been found to be beneficial for load reduction. In literature, the benefits were mainly investigated using standard turbulence parameters suggested by the IEC 61400-1 standard and assuming Taylor's frozen hypothesis (the turbulence measured by the lidar propagates unchanged to the rotor). In reality, the turbulence spectrum and the spatial coherence change by the atmospheric stability conditions. Also, Taylor's frozen hypothesis does not take into account the coherence decay of turbulence in the longitudinal direction. In this work, we consider three atmospheric stability classes: unstable, neutral, and stable, and generate four-dimensional stochastic turbulence fields based on two models: the Mann model and the Kaimal model. The generated four-dimensional stochastic turbulence fields include the longitudinal coherence thus avoiding assuming Taylor's frozen hypothesis. The Reference Open Source Controller (ROSCO) is used as the baseline feedback-only controller. A reference lidar-assisted controller (LACer) is developed and used to evaluate the benefit of LAC. Considering the NREL 5.0 MW reference wind turbine and a typical four-beam pulsed lidar system, it is found that the filter design of the LACer is not sensitive to the turbulence characteristics representative of the investigated atmospheric stability classes. The benefits of LAC are analyzed using the aeroelastic tool OpenFAST. According to the simulations, LAC's benefits are mainly the reductions in rotor speed variation (15 %  to 40 %), tower fore-aft bending moment (2 % to 18.8 %), and power variation (3 % to 20 %). This work reveals that the benefits of LAC can depend on the turbulence models, the turbulence characteristics, and the mean wind speed.
Including realistic upper atmospheres in a wind-farm gravity-wave model
Authors: Devesse Koen , Lanzilao Luca , Jamaer Sebastiaan , van Lipzig Nicole , Meyers Johan
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Recent research suggests that atmospheric gravity waves can affect offshore wind-farm performance. A fast wind-farm boundary layer model has been proposed to simulate the effects of these gravity waves on wind-farm operation by Allaerts and Meyers (2019). The current work extends the applicability of that model to free atmospheres in which wind and stability vary with altitude.
We validate the model using reference cases from literature on mountain waves. Analysis of a reference flow shows that internal gravity-wave resonance caused by the atmospheric non-uniformity can prohibit perturbations in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) at the wavelengths where it occurs. To determine the overall impact of the vertical variations in the atmospheric conditions on wind-farm operation, we consider 1 year of operation of the Belgian–Dutch wind-farm cluster with the extended model. We find that this impact on individual flow cases is often of the same order of magnitude as the total flow perturbation. In 16.6 % of the analyzed flows, the relative difference in upstream velocity reduction between uniform and non-uniform free atmospheres is more than 30 %. However, this impact is small when averaged over all cases. This suggests that variations in the atmospheric conditions should be taken into account when simulating wind-farm operation in specific atmospheric conditions.
DINAMIKA PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PADA PERILAKU BERESIKO (KEHAMILAN TIDAK DIINGINKAN) REMAJA
Authors: Dwi Nikmah Puspitasari  , Hapsari Ayu Dyah , Rahmawati Hetti , Saputro Rizky Adi
Published: July 2022

Unwanted pregnancies that occur outside of marriage in adolescents are problematic because they have wider after-effects academically, financially, and socially. The occurrence of unwanted pregnancy outside of marriage is certainly based on a psychological condition such as decision making at the first time an adolescent engages in risky sexual behavior. This study aims to explore cognitive considerations such as what factors are considered for risky sexual acts and also the cognitive process of risky behavior. The participants in this study were three people consisting of one male and two female who were taken by purposive sampling technique. This study used a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach, while the data collection techniques used interviews and observations. The results of this study indicate that the factors that cause risky behavior (unwanted pregnancy) are 1) the experience of watching pornographic videos, 2) an environment that is accustomed to promiscuity, and 3) trust and comfort when interacting with partners. While systematic decision-making through several stages does not occur, because the risk behavior of individuals is more dominated by emotional states, memories of previous experiences, and the people around them, so that decision-making is more heuristic.
SIMULATING WATER BALANCE AND CROP YIELD FOR SUGARCANE PLANTATION IN PASURUAN USING AQUACROP MODEL
Authors: Mawardhi Andre Dani
Published: July 2022

Sugarcane is one of the estate crops that has been cultivated in Indonesia for a long time. Sugarcane farmers must be more adaptable and adjust their current field management as a result of water shortage caused by climate change. rip irrigation has been one of the prospectus alternatives to be implemented by farmers by altering their furrow irrigation. Before being implemented in the field, the AquaCrop model is useful to simulate the advisability of particular farm management such as irrigation. The AquaCrop model was used to simulate and analyse the water balance, crop yields, and water productivity of sugarcane in Pasuruan under two alternative field managements, i.e. conventional and enhanced practices. Results confirmed that drip irrigation requires less water for irrigation than furrow irrigation. In comparison to no mulching procedures in conventional method, improved field management decreased surface run-off by up to 95%. Farmers obtained higher crop yield and water productivity by shifting the farm management, i.e. 7-8% and 12-16%, respectively. However, there are several constraints on this analysis. Thus, advanced studies on conducting AquaCrop for more realistic conditions are still promising in future.
PENTINGNYA SURAT PEMBERITAHUAN DIMULAINYA PENYIDIKAN (SPDP) BAGI PARA PIHAK DEMI TERCIPTANYA DUE PROCES OF LAW
Authors: Saputra Trias , Mauli Hutagalung Jatarda
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji serta menguraikan penerapan pasal 109 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 Tentang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP) terkait Surat Pemberitahuan Dimulainya Penyidikan (SPDP). SPDP tersebut disampaikan oleh penyidik kepada penuntut umum guna menjamin penerapan fungsi pengawasan perkara yang dimiliki Penuntut Umum. Melalui Putusan Nomor 130/PUU-XIII/2015 Mahkamah Konstitusi menyatakan frasa “penyidik memberitahukan hal itu  kepada Penuntut Umum” inskonstitusional bersyarat sehingga SPDP menjadi wajib diserahkan kepada Penuntut Umum, terlapor dan korban/pelapor paling lambat 7 (tujuh) hari setelah dikeluarkan surat perintah penyidikan. Dalam praktiknya penerapan pasal ini masih jauh dari harapan sebagaimana yang termuat dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Yuridis-Normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder atau data kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan Perundang-undangan (The Statute Approach).

Kata Kunci: SPDP, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 130/PUU-XIII/2015.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KREDITUR TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN EKSEKUSI JAMINAN FIDUSIA (ANALISIS PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NO 18/PUU-XVII/2019)
Authors: Jadidah Fikrotul
Published: July 2022

Terbitnya putusan MK No 18/PUU-XVII/2019 didasari adanya permohonan uji materiil terhadap Pasal 15 Ayat (2) dan Ayat (3) UU No 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia yang memberikan perubahan hukum baru mengenai pengaturan dan pelaksanaan tata-cara eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia sebelum dan sesudah adanya putusan MK No 18/PUU-XVII/2019 dan bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur apabila debitur melakukan cidera janji  (wanprestasi). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu pengaturan eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia sebelumnya diatur di dalam pasal 29 - 34 Undang-Undang No 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia, namun setelah adanya uji materiil terhadap Undang-Undang tersebut maka pengaturan dan pelaksanaannya sesuai dengan Putusan MK No 18/PUU-XVII/2019 Dan Peraturan Kepolisian Negara RI No 8 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengamanan Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia. Dan bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur apabila debitur wanprestasi yaitu pengajuan permohonan pengangkatan penangguhan atas hak eksekusinya sesuai mekanisme yang berlaku pada Undang-Undang No 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan perubahan terhadap isi Undang-Undang No 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia, selain itu melakukan penambahan atau mengubah klausul akta notaris jaminan fidusia dengan mengakomodir syarat-syarat dalam putusan MK No 18/PUU-XVII/2019 serta memanfaatkan mekanisme gugatan sederhana guna mengefisiensi proses penyelesaian perkara.
UNDANG-UNDANG IBU KOTA NEGARA BARU: PERDEBATAN KECACATAN FORMIL DAN MATERIIL PADA ATURANNYA
Authors: Amanda Musu Clara , Alfian Prasetyo Muhammad , Justicio Adhie Aryasatya , Aditia Gustawinata Mochammad , Irsyad Marwandy Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Jakarta telah menjadi Ibukota Negara bagi Indonesia sejak jaman kolonial Belanda. Hal tersebut membuat Jakarta terlahir sebagai pusat pemerintahan dan juga pusat bisnis di Indonesia yang menyebabkan banyak masyarakat yang mencari nafkah di Ibukota Negara ini. Lambat laun, Jakarta dinilai sudah "lelah" untuk menjadi Ibukota dan dibutuhkan IKN yang menggantikan Jakarta. UU IKN hadir sebagai dasar hukum bagi pemerintah untuk melakukan pembangunan Ibukota yang baru. Artikel ini menyajikan bagaimana UU IKN yang merupakan dasar hukum untuk Ibukota baru, tetapi dalam perumusan dan pengesahan UU IKN ini terdapat kecacatan, baik secara formil maupun materiil. Objek penelitan ini bersifat sekunder, yaitu yang berasal dari artikel jurnal, buku, maupun berita yang berkaitan dengan penelitian artikel ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, yaitu dengan cara melakukan penelitian melalui bahan pustaka yang berkaitan dengan topik yang ditulis. Artikel ini mempunyai kesimpulan bahwa UU IKN disahkan terlalu cepat, sehingga UU IKN ini dinilai mempunyai kecacatan didalamnya dan mempunyai potensi untuk melanggar UUD 1945 dan asas-asas dalam membentuk peraturan perundang-undangan
ECOSOPHY FOUNDATION WITH PLACE-BASED EDUCATION MODEL CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION
Authors: Pratama Mohammad Alvi , Rizkiyah Eva Laila
Published: July 2022

Environmental destruction arises as a result of human wickedness and the absence of legislative acknowledgement of environmental integrity. Historically, the anthropocentric conception of law resulted in legislation serving as a tool for taming and othering nature, with nature existing only as a means to an end: human wellbeing (in terms of human rights). As a legal tool, it might be regarded as natural legitimacy degrading the environment, particularly through anthropocentric power relations, in the name of developing a risk management measuring tool that does not safeguard, but rather perpetuates, this ecological business. If the law remains dominated by an anthropocentric perspective, it will continue to be a mechanism for promoting and legitimizing environmental destruction; environmental law is still biased in favor of human wellbeing, not ecological integrity. As a result of this research, it is important to develop a additional learning model for CLE, one that is based on the Ecosophy (Ecological Philosophy) paradigm, which underpins the Deep Ecology perspective with Pedagogy Place Based Education (PBE). This is a qualitative descriptive-analytical method for expressing the legal situation & needs. The study’s findings indicate that the predominance of anthropocentric perspectives in law, particularly in determining the personality of legal subjects who are exclusively human and human interests (such as companies), must be reinterpreted. This perspective establishes the role of law as a way of taming and othering nature, and more precisely, as a means of instrumentalizing and legitimizing environmental destruction under the guise of exploiting nature. Humans are, philosophically speaking, a component of the ecology. Human equality with nature is consistent with Deep Ecology beliefs. Thus, the expansion of the personality of legal subjects to include non-humans ensures that they receive their rights and are classified as vulnerable groups. Deep Ecology can be used to demonstrate that this PBE model for CLE must have a non-anthropocentric perspective and be more open-minded through the Ecosophy education model: PBE, in order for students to critically and empathetically see the world from a deep-holistic perspective, that vulnerable groups are not limited to humans, but also include nature. This understanding will result in law students who become environmental activists, ensuring that the future of law recognizes environmental integrity and does not justify environmental destruction.
PERAN TIMELIMENES DALAM MENINGKATKAN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, CUSTOMER LOYALTY PT. JNE
Authors: Daengs Achmad , Istanti Enny , Kristiawati Indriana
Published: July 2022

Persaingan dalam industri jasa pengiriman menjadi semakin ketat. Dengan adanya kondisi tersebut, membuat setiap perusahaan harus mampu bertahan hidup, bahkan harus dapat terus berkembang. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh timeliness terhadap Customer Satisfaction dan Customer Loyalty. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kausal. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu konsumen yang pernah melakukan menggunakan jasa pengiriman PT. JNE sebanyak 100 sampel dengan menggunakan teknik Accidental sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil dalam penelitian ini dibuktikan bahwa timeliness berpengaruh signifikan secara langsung terhadap Customer Satisfaction dan Customer Loyalty. Hasil dalam penelitian ini juga dibuktikan bahwa Customer Satisfaction berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Customer Loyalty.
PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN CITRA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP RETENSI PELANGGAN BENGKEL RESMI HONDA SURABAYA
Authors: Sinambela Ella Anastasya , Retnowati Eli , Ernawati Ernawati , Lestari Utami Puji , Munir Misbachul
Published: July 2022

Era globalisasi memberikan dampak pada persaingan bisnis. Persaingan bisnis tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh modal besar melainkan bagaimana cara perusahaan dapat mempertahankan pelanggannya pada waktu yang panjang. Perusahaan saat ini melakukan peningkatan retensi pelanggan. Retensi pelanggan dapat memberikan keuntungan pada perusahaan. Manajemen pemasaran mempelajari segala aspek yang dapat meningkatkan retensi pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas layanan dan citra perusahaan terhadap retensi pelanggan. Populasi penelitian ini merupakan warga Surabaya yang menggunakan layanan Bengkel Resmi Honda. Penelitian ini menggunakan 50 responden sebagai sampel. Data penelitian yang layak akan diuji menggunakan teknik regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, diketahui kualitas layanan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada retensi pelanggan. Selain itu retensi pelanggan juga dipengaruhi signfikan dari citra perusahaan. Secara bersama-sama kedua variabel memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan untuk retensi pelanggan.
Взаимосвязь дисциплин и компетенций в интеллектуальной образовательной экосистеме
Authors: Оболенский Денис Михайлович , Шевченко Виктория Игоревна
Published: July 2022

В данной статье рассматривается формализация взаимосвязи дисциплин и компетенций в рамках предложенной концепции интеллектуальной образовательной экосистемы. Авторы используют бинарные отношения, использующие существующие федеральные образовательные стандарты, профессиональные стандарты, требования работодателей, карты компетенций и нормативные документы, для построения направленного ациклического графа навыков. Вводятся понятия требуемых и развиваемых компетенций дисциплин. Далее с использованием данного графа навыков определяется и математически формализуется другое бинарное отношение, которое необходимо для построения направленного ациклического графа дисциплин. Предложено использование топологической сортировки для определения порядков обхода графа дисциплин. Рассмотренная взаимосвязь между компетенциями и дисциплинами позволяет сократить пространство поиска и построить множество возможных образовательных траекторий на данном направленном ациклическом графе.
Информационная система управления лесозаготовками в рамках концепции «Индустрия 4.0»: структура, оценка эффективности
Authors: Васенёв Михаил Юрьевич
Published: July 2022

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся технико-технологической модернизации лесного комплекса Российской Федерации. Отмечается ряд проблем, сдерживающих развитие данной отрасли, среди которых и относительно низкий уровень автоматизации и цифровизации процессов. Выделяются наиболее актуальные направления научных изысканий и разработок в области лесной промышленности и лесного хозяйства, рассматриваются существующие достижения отечественных и иностранных исследователей. Приводится и описывается структура информационной системы управления лесозаготовками в рамках концепции «Индустрия 4.0». Даются комментарии к схеме: рассматриваются задача по оценке качества транспортировки леса с использованием метода многокритериального анализа TOPSIS, вопрос о прогнозировании ресурса агрегатов лесной машины. Предлагается группа показателей для оценки эффективности системы. Делаются выводы, отмечается необходимость формирования более комфортных условий для модернизации лесной науки и образования, увеличения объёма инвестиций в лесной комплекс Российской Федерации.