bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical properties and trigonometric distance of the peculiar dwarf WISE J181005.5−101002.3
Authors: Lodieu N. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Martín E. L. , Rebolo López R. , Gauza B.
Published: June 2022

Aims.Our goal is to characterise the physical properties of the metal-poor brown dwarf population. In particular, we focus on the recently discovered peculiar dwarf WISE 1810055−1010023.

Methods.We collected opticalizand near-infraredJ-band imaging on multiple occasions over 1.5 years to derive accurate trigonometric parallax and proper motion of the metal-depleted ultra-cool dwarf candidate WISE J1810055−1010023. We also acquired low-resolution optical spectroscopy (0.6−1.0 μm) and new infrared (0.9−1.3 μm) spectra of WISE J1810055−1010023 that were combined with our photometry, other existing data from the literature and our trigonometric distance to determine the object’s luminosity from the integration of the observed spectral energy distribution covering from 0.6 through 16 μm. We compared the full optical and infrared spectrum with state-of-the-art atmosphere models to further constrain its effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity.

Results.WISE J1810055−1010023 is detected in theizbands with AB magnitudes ofi = 23.871 ± 0.104 andz = 20.147 ± 0.083 mag in the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (PanSTARRS) system. It does not show any obvious photometric variability beyond 0.1−0.2 mag in any of thez- andJ-band filters. The very redz − J ≈ 2.9 mag colour is compatible with an ultra-cool dwarf nature. Fitting for parallax and proper motion, we measure a trigonometric parallax of 112.5−8.0+8.1mas for WISE J1810055−1010023, placing the object at only 8.9−0.6+0.7pc, about three times closer than previously thought. We employed Monte Carlo methods to estimate the error on the parallax and proper motion. The object’s luminosity was determined at logL/L⊙ = −5.78 ± 0.11 dex. From the comparison to atmospheric models, we infer a likely metallicity of [Fe/H] ≈ −1.5 and an effective temperature cooler than 1000 K. The estimated luminosity and temperature of this object are below the known substellar limit. Despite its apparent low metallicity, we derive space motions that are more typical of the old disc than the halo of the Milky Way. We confirm that WISE J1810055−1010023 has an ultra-cool temperature and belongs to a new class of objects with no known spectral counterparts among field L- and T-type dwarfs.

Conclusions.WISE J1810055−1010023 is a very special substellar object and represents a new addition to the 10 pc sample. The optical to near-infrared spectra show strong features due to water vapour and H2collision induced absorption. Our trigonometric distance has strong implications on the density of metal-poor brown dwarfs in the solar vicinity, which may be higher than that of metal-poor stars.
Shaping physical properties of galaxy subtypes in the VIPERS survey: Environment matters
Authors: Siudek M. , Małek K. , Pollo A. , Iovino A. , Haines C. P. , Bolzonella M. , Cucciati O. , Gargiulo A. , Granett B. , Krywult J. , Moutard T. , Scodeggio M.
Published: June 2022

Aims. This study aims to explore the relation between the physical properties of different galaxy sub-classes, from red passive to blue star-forming, and their environment. Our work is based on the analysis of 31 631 galaxies from the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS), observed at 0.5 <  z <  0.9. The unprecedented volume of VIPERS and the wealth of auxiliary derived data allow us to associate sub-classes of the main galaxy populations with their possibly different evolutionary paths. This is the first time such a study is performed with such statistical precision.

Methods. We use the results of an unsupervised clustering algorithm to distinguish 11 subclasses of VIPERS galaxies, based on the multi-dimensional feature space, defined by rest-frame UV to NIR colours. We investigate the relationship between the properties of these sub-classes of galaxies and their local environment, defined as the galaxy density contrast, δ, derived from the fifth nearest neighbour technique.

Results. We confirm that the galaxy population-density relation is already in place at z ∼ 0.9, with the blue galaxy fraction decreasing with density, compensated by an increase in the red fraction. We demonstrate how the properties of red, green, and blue galaxy subclasses are altered as they assemble into denser regions, and we attempt to interpret this in the context of their evolution. On average, red galaxies in the high-density environment are larger by 28% than those in low-density environments. In particular, we find one group of galaxies, sub-class C3, whose increase of size with time can be explained mainly as the result of mergers; for other red subclasses, mergers would not seem to play the major role (subclass C2) or would play a negligible role (sub-class C1). The properties of the green galaxies (sub-classes C4–6) depend on whether their stellar mass is above or below a transition mass, log(Mstar/M⊙)=10.6. Low-mass green (9.5 ≲ log(Mstar/M⊙)≲10.6) galaxies appear to have grown through secular processes, while in high-mass (10.6 ≲ log(Mstar/M⊙)≲11.5) green galaxies, mass assembly appears to be dominated by mergers. When it comes to blue galaxies, the trend of decreasing fraction with denser environments seen for the group as a whole (sub-classes C7–11) is found to be driven mostly by one (the most numerous) group of galaxies; sub-class C10. These are compact low-mass galaxies with high, specific star formation rates, which are preferentially found in low-density environments. However, the remaining blue galaxies (sub-classes C7–9) are larger and appear in denser environments than galaxies within C10.
Power-2 limb-darkening coefficients for the uvby, UBVRIJHK, SDSS ugriz, Gaia, Kepler, and TESS photometric systems
Authors: Claret A. , Southworth J.
Published: June 2022

Context. Limb darkening is an important stellar phenomenon and must be accounted for in the study of stellar spectra, eclipsing binaries, transiting planetary systems, and microlensing events. The power-2 limb-darkening law provides a good match to the specific intensities predicted by stellar atmosphere models: it is better than other two-parameter laws and is only surpassed by the four-parameter law.

Aims. Predictions of the limb-darkening coefficients for the power-2 law are not widely available. We therefore compute them, using stellar atmosphere models generated by the ATLAS (plane-parallel) code.

Methods. Limb-darkening coefficients were computed for the space missions Gαiα, Kepler, and TESS as well as for the photometric systems uvby, UBVRIJHK, and SDSS ugriz. The calculations were performed by adopting the Levenberg–Marquardt least-squares minimisation method and were computed with a resolution of 100 equally spaced viewing angles. We used 9586 model atmospheres covering 19 metallicities, effective temperatures of 3500–50 000 K, log g values from 0.0 to 5.0, and microturbulent velocities of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 km s-1.

Results. We confirm the superiority of the power-2 law, in terms of the quality of the fits, over other two-parameter laws. This is particularly relevant for the quadratic law, which is widely used.

Conclusions. We recommend the use of the power-2 law in cases where a two-parameter law is needed.
Sulfur segregation and inclusion modification in steel using magnesium addition
Authors: Wang Yi , Xu Xiang-yu , Li Zhi-wei , Fu Jian-xun
Published: June 2022

In order to investigate the effect of magnesium treatment on the distribution and segregation of sulfides in carbon high-sulfur free-cutting steel in industrial tests, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, electrolysis device, and other characterization methods are used to examine the sulfide morphology in the steel continuous casting billet. The sulfide type, spatial distribution and three-dimensional morphology of the slab in the casting slab are analyzed, and the law of sulfur segregation is calculated and summarized using the diffusion growth model. The results of the study showed that the area of cluster-like sulfides before and after magnesium modification decreased by 6.4%, the area of chain-like sulfides reduced by 6.6%, and the area of single-type sulfides increased by 12.7%. In the magnesium modified steel, a fine composite sulfide with MgO·Al2O3 as the core is formed, which provides a heterogeneous nucleation site for the later precipitated MnS, enhancing the shape and size of the sulfide. The sulfide segregation index was reduced from 1.30 to 1.04 before and after magnesium modification, and the sulfur concentration was 1.56 times the original precipitation when the middle position of the slab was entirely cemented. The macroscopic shrinkage cavity on the surface of the cast slab is minimized after magnesium treatment, which enhances sulfide dispersion and segregation dramatically.
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) genetic differences in mineral nutrition: environmental effects on leaflet mineral concentrations of four oil palm progenies
Authors: Dassou Olivier Sènankpon , Ollivier Jean , Vanhove Wouter , Aholoukpè Hervé , Impens Reinout , Bonneau Xavier , Flori Albert , Durand-Gasselin Tristan , Augustin Sinsin Brice , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Van Damme Patrick
Published: June 2022

Oil palm fertilizer requirements are based on leaflet mineral concentrations. Four oil palm progenies representing a wide genetic diversity of Elaeis guineensis species and with contrasting K and Mg leaflet concentrations were tested in Indonesia and Nigeria, environments which differ predominantly in climate. During 5 years, we compared oil palm progenies’ leaflet mineral concentrations between both countries under abundant fertilizer applications to investigate the extent to which they depend on the environment. In the two studied environments, leaflet concentrations significantly differed between progenies for K, Mg and Ca, but the country effect was not found significant (p = 0.352) for any leaflet mineral’s concentration. In both countries, progenies ranked similarly in their mineral categories (lowest and highest cation concentrations within the 4 progenies population), indicating that leaflet mineral concentrations in the tested oil palm progenies are mainly determined by their genetic background. For each progeny, with abundant fertilization, K, Mg and Ca proportions to total leaf cation charge (TLCC) were similar, irrespective of the environments in which the palms were cultivated. We have strong indications that foliar concentrations of K, Mg and Ca are determined by genetic factors which dominate the environmental effect. However, it remains uncertain whether differences in oil palm foliar concentrations between different oil palm progenies imply that they require specific fertilizer amounts to attain an optimal production.
Algorithmic aspects of Roman {3}-domination in graphs
Authors: Chakradhar Padamutham , Venkata Subba Reddy Palagiri
Published: June 2022

Let G be a simple, undirected graph. A function g : V(G) → {0, 1, 2, 3} having the property that ∑v∈NG(u)g(v)≥3, if g(u) = 0, and ∑v∈NG(u)g(v)≥2, if g(u) = 1 for any vertex u ∈ G, where NG(u) is the set of vertices adjacent to u in G, is called a Roman {3}-dominating function (R3DF) of G. The weight of a R3DF g is the sum g(V)=∑v∈Vg(v). The minimum weight of a R3DF is called the Roman {3}-domination number and is denoted by γ{R3}(G). Given a graph G and a positive integer k, the Roman {3}-domination problem (R3DP) is to check whether G has a R3DF of weight at most k. In this paper, first we show that the R3DP is NP-complete for chordal graphs, planar graphs and for two subclasses of bipartite graphs namely, star convex bipartite graphs and comb convex bipartite graphs. The minimum Roman {3}-domination problem (MR3DP) is to find a R3DF of minimum weight in the input graph. We show that MR3DP is linear time solvable for bounded tree-width graphs, chain graphs and threshold graphs, a subclass of split graphs. We propose a 3(1 + ln(Δ − 1))-approximation algorithm for the MR3DP, where Δ is the maximum degree of G and show that the MR3DP problem cannot be approximated within (1 − ε)ln|V| for any ε > 0 unless NP ⊆ DTIME(|V|O(loglog|V|)). Next, we show that the MR3DP problem is APX-complete for graphs with maximum degree 4. We also show that the domination and Roman {3}-domination problems are not equivalent in computational complexity aspects. Finally, an ILP formulation for MR3DP is proposed.
Quel usage psychique pour des « jouets de sport » chez un enfant de 10 ans et un adolescent de 14 ans ? Deux études de cas
Authors: Yves-Félix Montagne , Matthieu Laugier
Published: June 2022

L’usage d’un jouet est, pour la psychanalyse qui oriente ce travail, révélateur de quelque chose de la structure inconsciente du sujet qui joue. Les « jouets de sport » sont des jouets qui mettent en œuvre le corps, l’action motrice, des règles et une performance physique. Ce travail clinique se propose de montrer, par les interprétations de paroles des enfants de CM1 et d’adolescents de 4e, recueillies en focus group et en entretiens individuels, que l’usage du jouet de sport peut avoir une fonction particulière dans la structuration psychique du joueur. Cette fonction est entre autre rendue possible par l’écart entre le jouet du constructeur et « le jouet qu’on joue avec à son jeu » (dixit un des enfants entendus). Le jouet impliqué dans le jeu sportif imaginé par le joueur sera nommé ici le « jouét ». Deux cas, Eva et Don, témoigneront que l’usage de leur jouét de sport a pour fonction l’incorporation extériorisée (par une mise en action du corps engagé dans un acte sportif) et sublimatoire des épreuves psychiques traumatiques et/ou angoissantes qu’ils traversent.
Assessment of Saudi Physicians and Physical Therapists' Adherence to the Updated Clinical Practice Guideline for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alhakami Bushra Ahmad , Almarwani Maha Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Introduction Variations in clinical practice regarding the management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) among clinicians have been noted in previous studies. Such variations might be related to the different adherence to clinical practice guidelines.

Objective To evaluate clinicians' adherence to BPPV guidelines and investigate the variations in the adherence between different specialties and qualifications.

Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a vignettes-based survey conducted between June and August, 2020. We included clinicians engaged in managing BPPV that had at least one year of clinical experience. We excluded students, and clinicians who were not involved in the management of individuals with BPPV. Participants were asked to make their management choices based on four hypothetical patient vignettes. The sample ranged from 77 participants for the first vignette to 45 participants for the last vignette.

Results We included 77 clinicians in the study, with the majority being Otolaryngologists (31.2%). The respondents' mean adherence to the guideline was of 63.3%. Result showed that Otolaryngologists' adherence was higher than that of clinicians from different specialties (p = 0.006, d = 0.72). Furthermore, clinicians with a postgraduate degree were more likely to adhere than those with a bachelor's degree only (p = 0.014, d = 0.58) and participants who were aware of the guideline were more likely to adhere to it (p < 0.001, d = 1.05). Lastly, regression analysis exhibited that adherence was affected by postgraduate degree and guideline awareness.

Conclusion Otolaryngologists were more likely to adhere to the guideline than other specialties. Among all specialties, higher adherence was associated with guideline awareness and postgraduate degrees.
Hallux rigidus: Conceptos actuales
Authors: Andrade Paulina Alejandra Ferrada , Villanueva Francisco Javier Sánchez , Hernández Carlos Felipe Muñoz
Published: June 2022

El hallux rigidus es una causa frecuente de consulta traumatológica, y es la artrosis más frecuente del pie. Se presenta clínicamente con dolor y pérdida de movimiento de la primera articulación metatarsofalángica, con impacto en la calidad de vida del paciente. El tratamiento comienza de forma conservadora, y tiene éxito en la mitad de los casos, con medidas, que incluyen modificación del calzado, manejo del peso y ortesis, diseñadas para limitar el movimiento de esta articulación. El tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes con hallux rigidus leve a moderado se centra en eliminar los osteofitos dorsales con una queilectomía, que se puede asociar a una osteotomía de falange proximal o del primer metatarsiano, lo que mejora el rango de movimiento hacia un arco menos doloroso. En el hallux rigidus de alto grado, lo más aconsejado es la artrodesis, la cual proporciona alivio del dolor al costo de alterar la biomecánica de la marcha, dada la rigidez adquirida. Distintas artroplastias (resección, interposición, o protésicas) mejoran el dolor significativamente sin sacrificar movilidad, siendo una alternativa más fisiológica, que preserva la biomecánica del pie en pacientes seleccionados.
Immunotherapy for Asthma
Authors: Eremija Jelena , Carr Tara F.
Published: June 2022

Asthma represents one of the biggest global health concerns with increasing prevalence and influence on global health. Several distinct asthma phenotypes have been identified with one of the most common, earliest recognized, and described being the allergic asthma phenotype, in which allergens trigger asthma through mechanisms involving allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), in the forms of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), has been used for many decades as a tool for reducing IgE-mediated sensitization and controlling symptoms of allergic disease, most commonly for allergic rhinitis, and it remains the only currently available disease modifying therapy in atopic patients. AIT has been studied for use in mild to moderate allergic asthma. While the data are often inconsistent, and utilize a multitude of different methods, antigens, and outcome measures, in general, AIT may have several beneficial effects on asthma disease control, quality of life, and requirement for medication. These benefits are notable when immunotherapy is used as an adjunct to pharmacologic treatment in carefully selected and monitored patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma. Patients with severe asthma are excluded from these trials. Importantly, patients with asthma, and in particular severe asthma, may have a higher rate of systemic adverse reactions to SCIT, including anaphylaxis; however, these events are overall rare. Future research in the area is needed to definitively assess the benefit of SCIT and SLIT for patients with asthma, comparing outcomes with different methods, addressing the role of AIT in severe asthma, significance of multiallergen AIT in allergic asthma, and safety concerns in asthma.
Contributions to surface air temperature trends estimated from climate time series: Medium-term causalities
Authors: Mokhov Igor I. , Smirnov Dmitry A.
Published: June 2022

Contributions of various natural and anthropogenic factors to trends of surface air temperatures at different latitudes of the Northern and Southern hemispheres on various temporal horizons are estimated from climate data since the 19th century in empirical autoregressive models. Along with anthropogenic forcing, we assess the impact of several natural climate modes including Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, El-Nino/Southern Oscillation, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and Antarctic Oscillation. On relatively short intervals of the length of two or three decades, contributions of climate variability modes are considerable and comparable to the contributions of greenhouse gases and even exceed the latter. On longer intervals of about half a century and greater, the contributions of greenhouse gases dominate at all latitudinal belts including polar, middle, and tropical ones.
Effect of a front inclined hole on multiscale vortical structures around a wall-mounted cube
Authors: Li Jiawei , Rinoshika Hiroka , Han Xiaolei , Rinoshika Akira
Published: June 2022

To reveal the multiscale wake structures of a wall-mounted cube and the effects of a front inclined hole (FIH), a combination of wavelet multiresolution analysis and vortex identification techniques is applied to analyze time-resolved particle image velocimetry data. The cube model has a side length D = 50 mm and the Reynolds number ReD = 7800. The inlet of the FIH is located at a height 0.71D on the front surface of the cube, and the outlet is located at the center of the free end. Statistical analysis indicates that an FIH can reduce the recirculation zone around the cube, suppress downwash flow, and alter the development of free-end shear flow. The turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy in the wake also decrease significantly in the presence of an FIH. The wavelet multiresolution analysis shows that the main structures of the flow field experience a transformation from small to intermediate and then large scales from the shear layer around the standard cube to its wake. However, in the presence of an FIH, the scale of the flow structure near the free end becomes smaller, the large-scale structure in the wake is weakened, and the transition from small to intermediate scales is no longer obvious. The wavelet vortex dynamics analysis reveals the evolutions of vortex structures with different scales. In the presence of an FIH, the trend of large- and intermediate-scale coherent structures moving to the bottom wall is weakened, while the streamwise extent of small-scale structures is greater. In the large-scale component of the wake, a transverse secondary vortex is observed, which is formed by the combined action of a shedding transverse vortex and downwash flow.
Physics-informed neural networks for solving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Eivazi Hamidreza , Tahani Mojtaba , Schlatter Philipp , Vinuesa Ricardo
Published: June 2022

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are successful machine-learning methods for the solution and identification of partial differential equations. We employ PINNs for solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible turbulent flows without any specific model or assumption for turbulence and by taking only the data on the domain boundaries. We first show the applicability of PINNs for solving the Navier–Stokes equations for laminar flows by solving the Falkner–Skan boundary layer. We then apply PINNs for the simulation of four turbulent-flow cases, i.e., zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer, adverse-pressure-gradient boundary layer, and turbulent flows over a NACA4412 airfoil and the periodic hill. Our results show the excellent applicability of PINNs for laminar flows with strong pressure gradients, where predictions with less than 1% error can be obtained. For turbulent flows, we also obtain very good accuracy on simulation results even for the Reynolds-stress components.
Numerical simulation of flow control around a rectangular cylinder by dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators
Authors: Lee Keunseob , Kozato Yasuaki , Kikuchi Satoshi , Imao Shigeki
Published: June 2022

The control mechanism of a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is investigated via direct numerical simulations in the flow field around a square cylinder. The Reynolds number is 33 000. Conditions for the burst frequency of the actuator are explored in terms of the reduction rate of drag and root mean square (RMS) lift coefficients. A good control effect is achieved, and vortex shedding is fairly repressed at Stb (Strouhal number for the burst frequency) = 0.50. The flow induced by the actuator generates two vortices: the first and second vortices. Until the next actuator on-time, the second vortex grows on the upper or lower side of the cylinder. The second vortex collides with the first vortex, and both vortices flow downstream in a straight line. This situation happens almost simultaneously on the upper and lower sides of the cylinder; thus, a high reduction rate of RMS lift and drag coefficients can be obtained. A control effect is obtained at Stb = 2.00, which is lower than that at Stb = 0.50, where a tiny vortex is raised by the flow induced by the small actuator on-time and flows downstream at a small distance away from the cylinder. The least control effect is achieved at Stb = 0.25 because the collision between the first and second vortices does not occur due to a large actuator off-time. The duration of on-time and off-time is important for determining the burst frequency for the most effective control.
Numerical analysis of coating thickness and pressure distribution in blade coating flows of power-law fluids
Authors: Liang Wei-Hua , Wu Da-Yong , Cao Jian-Hua
Published: June 2022

The shear stress of a power-law fluid is exponentially related to the shear rate. Thus, unlike for Newtonian fluids, the Reynolds lubrication equation in the simplified differential form is nonlinear and cannot be solved analytically. This paper investigates the flow of a power-law fluid in comma-roll coating and planar blade coating. We establish an intermediate function F(x), defined as the ratio of the shear force τ(X,0) in the X-direction on the edge of the blade coater to the pressure gradient G(x). Using various flow patterns, the signs of F and G are determined, and expressions for ∂U/∂Y are obtained in terms of F and G. Combined with the velocity boundary condition, ∂U/∂Y is integrated and the explicit relation between the coating thickness H∞ and F is established. The pressure gradient is also obtained. Finally, dP/dX is integrated and combined with the inlet and outlet pressure conditions, and the bisection method is used to determine H∞. The coating thickness and pressure given by the proposed method for both comma-roll coating and flat blade coating are highly consistent with the exact results for n = 1, 1/2, and 1/3 calculated by Dien and Elrod's method. We deduce that the limiting thickness of comma-roll coating is (n + 1)/(2n + 1), and the limit of the pressure gradient is −[n+1/n]n. Moreover, we construct a phase diagram of the relationship between the shape parameter k of the blade coater and the power-law exponent n. These results have instructive significance and application value for guiding coating operations and applicator design.
Study on the discharge characteristics along the surface of insulating media in the low air pressure and strong airflow environment
Authors: Zhang Guangquan , Zhang Xueqin , Wang Bo , Guo Yujun , Xiao Song , Gao Guoqiang , Wu Guangning
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a surface discharge test was conducted on a silicone rubber insulating sheet, an epoxy resin insulating sheet, a porcelain insulating sheet, and a glass insulating sheet by using an independently constructed test platform of insulating media to study the discharge characteristics along the surface of insulating media under low air pressure and strong airflow environment. Experiments were conducted to obtain the variation in the discharge characteristics along the surface of the four kinds of insulation media with respect to airflow velocity at different air pressures. The discharge voltage characteristics and discharge morphology characteristics along the surface of the insulating media in a strong airflow environment at low air pressure are elucidated. This paper provides theoretical support for the selection of insulation materials and insulation protection design for a low air pressure and strong airflow environment.
Guide to Land Snails of Australia
Authors: Stanisic John , Potter Darryl , Stanisic Lorelle
Published: June 2022

Australia's native land snails are an often-overlooked invertebrate group that forms a significant part of terrestrial biodiversity, with an estimated 2500 species present in Australia today.

A Guide to Land Snails of Australia is an overview of Australia's native and introduced land snail faunas, offering a greater understanding of their role in the natural environment. The book presents clear diagnostic features of live snails and their shells, and is richly illustrated with a broad range of Australia's native snail, semi-slug and slug species. Comprehensive coverage is also included of the many exotic species introduced to Australia.

In a unique bioregional approach, the reader is taken on a trek through some of Australia's spectacular regional landscapes, highlighting their endemic and special snail faunas. This section is supplemented with key localities where species can be found.
Spatial ecology of black dogfish (
Authors: Kulka David W. , Sulikowski James A. , Cotton Charles F.
Published: June 2022

Context Shark pupping and nursery grounds are essential habitats, yet these areas are undocumented for deepwater species. Young juveniles of black dogfish (Centroscyllium fabricii) were found to be dominant in the Laurentian Channel, prompting an analysis of their distribution in Canadian waters of the Northwest Atlantic. Aims This study documents patterns of distribution by sex and life stage for black dogfish in shelf and slope waters of Canada. Methods Over 40 years of trawl survey data from the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Newfoundland and Labrador Region was analysed to document patterns of distribution of black dogfish by sex and life stage. Key results Free-swimming neonates were found in the Laurentian Channel, along with adult females, including some with pups, indicating that the Laurentian Channel is the pupping grounds for this species. Small black dogfish, highly abundant in the Channel, is largely absent in slope waters, indicating that the Channel is the nursery ground for black dogfish in Canada. Conclusions As they grows, black dogfish individuals undergo a multi-year distributional shift extending over ∼4000 km, originating in the Laurentian Channel out to slope waters, with the largest fish being found furthest from the Channel. No other deep demersal chondrichthyans are known to undergo a progressive migration as they grow, more akin to pelagic sharks where separate pupping–nursery grounds and long-distance migrations are commonly documented. Implications The segregation by life stages shown in the present study differs from previously reported distribution patterns of black dogfish in Greenland and Iceland. Given warm and stable ambient temperatures in the Channel, similar to slope waters, black dogfish is stenothermal, maintaining a narrow thermal profile throughout its life. Identifying the essential habitats of pupping and nursery grounds is crucial to the management and conservation of this species.
COVID-19 vaccinations and counselling: a mixed-methods survey of Australian general practice in July 2021
Authors: O’Brien Kathleen , Barnes Katelyn , Hall Dykgraaf Sally , Douglas Kirsty A.
Published: June 2022

Background GPs are integral to the COVID-19 vaccination rollout, providing education and administering vaccines. We sought to describe how counselling relating to COVID-19 vaccination was impacting Australian general practice consultations. Methods We conducted an online, mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey of Australian community-based primary care from 7 to 15 July 2021. This survey, number 15 in a series of recurrent cross-sectional surveys conducted over a 14-month period, explored how counselling relating to COVID-19 vaccination was impacting general practice consultations, through multiple selection and open text responses; it also included questions on respondent and practice characteristics, and pandemic-related stress and strain. We calculated descriptive statistics for quantitative variables, and analysed free-text responses using an inductive content analysis approach. Results We received 73 responses (72 GPs) across all states/territories. Discussions with patients about COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination were common, increasing the duration of routine consultations by 6 min on average (s.d. 2.9). Respondents described the impact of the resulting time pressures, and the stress and challenges of participating in COVID-19 vaccine communication and administration. Although our results are illuminating, they are limited by the small sample, with some different characteristics from national estimates, an uncertain response rate and the inability to pilot the survey prior to distribution. Conclusions The significant impact on general practice consultation from COVID-19 vaccine counselling is on a background of ongoing pandemic-related stress and strain. With a strong track record of population vaccination, GPs are well-placed to deliver COVID-19 immunisations to the Australian population. However, they must be represented in planning and coordination, to reduce the overall burden on primary care.
Kinetic model for reversible radical transfer in ribonucleotide reductase
Authors: Reinhardt Clorice R. , Konstantinovsky Daniel , Soudackov Alexander V. , Hammes-Schiffer Sharon
Published: June 2022

The enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which catalyzes the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxynucleotides, is vital for DNA synthesis, replication, and repair in all living organisms. Its mechanism requires long-range radical translocation over ∼32 Å through two protein subunits and the intervening aqueous interface. Herein, a kinetic model is designed to describe reversible radical transfer in
Escherichia coli
RNR. This model is based on experimentally studied photoRNR systems that allow the photochemical injection of a radical at a specific tyrosine residue, Y356, using a photosensitizer. The radical then transfers across the interface to another tyrosine residue, Y731, and continues until it reaches a cysteine residue, C439, which is primed for catalysis. This kinetic model includes radical injection, an off-pathway sink, radical transfer between pairs of residues along the pathway, and the conformational flipping motion of Y731 at the interface. Most of the input rate constants for this kinetic model are obtained from previous experimental measurements and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical free-energy simulations. Ranges for the rate constants corresponding to radical transfer across the interface are determined by fitting to the experimentally measured Y356 radical decay times in photoRNR systems. This kinetic model illuminates the time evolution of radical transport along the tyrosine and cysteine residues following radical injection. Further analysis identifies the individual rate constants that may be tuned to alter the timescale and probability of the injected radical reaching C439. The insights gained from this kinetic model are relevant to biochemical understanding and protein-engineering efforts with potential pharmacological implications.
Identification of the
Bartonella
autotransporter CFA as a protective antigen and hypervariable target of neutralizing antibodies in mice
Authors: Siewert Lena K. , Korotaev Aleksandr , Sedzicki Jaroslaw , Fromm Katja , Pinschewer Daniel D. , Dehio Christoph
Published: June 2022

The bacterial genus
Bartonella
comprises numerous emerging pathogens that cause a broad spectrum of disease manifestations in humans. The targets and mechanisms of the anti-
Bartonella
immune defense are ill-defined and bacterial immune evasion strategies remain elusive. We found that experimentally infected mice resolved
Bartonella
infection by mounting antibody responses that neutralized the bacteria, preventing their attachment to erythrocytes and suppressing bacteremia independent of complement or Fc receptors.
Bartonella
-neutralizing antibody responses were rapidly induced and depended on CD40 signaling but not on affinity maturation. We cloned neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and by mass spectrometry identified the bacterial autotransporter CFA (CAMP-like factor autotransporter) as a neutralizing antibody target. Vaccination against CFA suppressed
Bartonella
bacteremia, validating CFA as a protective antigen. We mapped
Bartonella
-neutralizing mAb binding to a domain in CFA that we found is hypervariable in both human and mouse pathogenic strains, indicating mutational antibody evasion at the
Bartonella
subspecies level. These insights into
Bartonella
immunity and immune evasion provide a conceptual framework for vaccine development, identifying important challenges in this endeavor.
On a few instances where deictic directionals confound expectations
Authors: Bourdin Philippe
Published: June 2022

Directional deixis (DD) is characterized by a set of properties that recur across languages, e.g. the feature of goal-orientedness and the built-in asymmetry between ventive direction and itive direction. These properties define a formal and semantic space that has a core and a periphery. DD systems that are outliers with respect to any given property or properties can be shown to support, rather than call into question, the validity of DD as a self-standing descriptive category. This requires articulating an explanatory framework that reconciles the complexity at the periphery with the simplicity of the overarching logic, i.e. the fundamental imbalance between the intrinsically conjunctive semantics of ventive markers and the disjunctive semantics of their itive counterparts.
Lexical aspect and morphosyntactic cohesion between motion verbs and spatial particles in Homeric Greek
Authors: Nigrelli Castrenze
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to investigate a rather neglected topic in motion event studies, i.e. the role that lexical aspect (i.e. Aktionsart) plays in motion event encoding in Homeric Greek. Building on the theoretical framework of Talmy (1985, 1991, 2000, 2009), this work focuses on the role that telicity (Vendler 1967), as a verb-inherent semantic feature, plays in the distribution of motion verbs and co-occurring spatial particles as well as in their different mutual morphosyntactic cohesion. The textual analysis of the Iliad and the Odyssey shows a non-random distribution of motion verbs and spatial particles with their own semantic value, in particular a stronger morphosyntactic cohesion is found between telic verbs and goal-oriented particles, due to their mutual semantic compatibility.
Stability and causality of Carter’s multifluid theory
Authors: Gavassino L
Published: June 2022

Stability and causality are studied for linear perturbations about equilibrium in Carter’s multifluid theory. Our stability analysis is grounded on the requirement that the entropy of the multifluid, plus that of the environment, must be maximised at equilibrium. This allows us to compute a quadratic Lyapunov functional, whose positive definiteness implies stability. Furthermore, we verify explicitly that, also for multifluids, thermodynamic stability implies linear causality. As a notable stability condition, we find that the entrainment matrix must always be positive definite, confirming a widespread intuition.
A demonstration of contextuality using quantum computers
Authors: Laghaout Amine , Dikme Altay , Reichel Nicolas , Björk Gunnar
Published: June 2022

Open-access, online quantum computers have shown significant improvements in the past decade. Although they still suffer from noise and scalability limitations, they do offer the possibility of experimenting with quantum circuits which would otherwise have required laboratory resources and prowesses beyond the reach of most students (and even researchers). In view of this, we revisit from the ground up the notion of contextuality and show that it can now be easily demonstrated on one of the IBM quantum computers. We showcase this with an implementation of the Peres–Mermin square which, despite the high error rates, manages to violate noncontextuality by almost 28 standard deviations.
Classification of trimethylamine-N-oxide, a cardiometabolic disease biomarker, by Raman spectroscopy and support vector machines
Authors: Villa-Manríquez José Fabián , Sato-Berrú Roberto Y , Castro-Ramos Jorge , Flores-Guerrero Jose L
Published: June 2022

In the present study, we investigated the ability of micro-Raman spectroscopy to identify low concentrations of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) mixed in synthetic urine composed of water, sodium chloride, urea, and creatinine using a support vector machine (SVM) as a discrimination tool to differentiate the Raman spectra of the different concentrations of TMAO. TMAO is a novel biomarker associated with cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and complications of type 2 diabetes. We obtained the Raman spectra of four different concentrations of TMAO. The spectra were filtered before being classified using principal component analysis combined with the SVM method. We identify the spectral window that goes from 800 to 870 cm−1 where TMAO presents Raman activity in the synthetic urine mixture without the intervention of Raman activity of another molecule. We predicted the different concentrations of TMAO in the synthetic urine until 1 ppm (13.21 µM) of TMAO, getting an accuracy of classification greater than 70% indicated by the confusion matrix, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86 for 1 ppm (13.31 µM) and 10 ppm (133.13 µM) concentration. This study showed that Raman spectroscopy combined with SVM has the potential to detect low concentrations of TMAO in urine.
Jet rapidity distributions and jet-jet correlation functions
Authors: Bethencourt de León N , Chachamis G , Sabio Vera A
Published: June 2022

Multi-particle production studies have always been an important tool in the effort to study the properties of the strong force already from the fifties of the previous century. As the center-of-mass energy of present day hadron colliders and in particular the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has increased enormously over the years and the focus currently is on the study of multi-jet final states, it would be instructive to see whether the early days phenomenological models applied some 50–60 years ago to describe multi-particle production have anything to offer in the study of multi-jet final states as well as whether they offer predictions different from the QCD based ones. In this paper, we will consider events with two jets well separated in rapidity with similar transverse momenta whereas a number of mini-jets or jets is to be found in between these two bounding jets. Such configurations are relevant for the high energy scattering limit of QCD. We fix the final jet multiplicity to take particular values and we report on a first comparison between the predictions of the old multiperipheral Chew-Pignotti model applied for final state jets and those of BFKL. We compare single jet rapidity distributions as well as jet-jet rapidity correlations.
Analysis of entropy generation in the nonlinear thermal radiative micropolar nanofluid flow towards a stagnation point with catalytic effects
Authors: Ishtiaq Bushra , Zidan Ahmed M , Nadeem Sohail , Kbiri Alaoui Mohammed
Published: June 2022

The major goal of this work is to analyze the entropy generation in a micropolar nanofluid’s hydromagnetic stagnation point flow with the involvement of the catalytic and nonlinear thermal radiation effects. The magnetite nanoparticleFe3O4is added to the water to form theFe3O4-water nanofluid. A vertical stretchable sheet is assumed to initiate the two-dimensional time-independent flow. The impacts of Joule heating and viscous dissipation are considered in the development of the governing equations of the concerned problem. An appropriate procedure of similarity transformations is implemented in the system of partial differential equations (PDE) to establish the nonlinear setup of ordinary differential equations (ODE). The behavior of various aspects of fluid such as micro-rotation, entropy generation, temperature, velocity, Bejan number, and concentration relative to the pertinent parameters is graphically revealed. The graphical nature of local Nusselt number and skin friction relative to the physical parameters is also exhibited in this analysis. This study concludes that the amplification in the magnetic field develops a minimization in the velocity field. The Bejan number shows the declining behavior corresponding to the larger quantities of the Brinkman number and Reynolds number, but the entropy of the system escalates for these parameters.
The Dark Ages' 21-cm trispectrum
Authors: Flöss Thomas , de Wild Tim , Meerburg P. Daniel , Koopmans Léon V.E.
Published: June 2022

We investigate tomography of 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuations during the Dark Ages as a probe for constraining primordial non-Gaussianity. We expand the 21-cm brightness temperature up to cubic order in perturbation theory and improve previous models of the signal by including the effect of the free electron fraction. Using modified standard perturbation theory methods that include baryonic pressure effects we derive an improved secondary bispectrum and for the first time derive the secondary trispectrum of 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuations. We then forecast the amount of information available from the Dark Ages to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity, including the imprints of massive particle exchange during inflation and we determine how much signal is lost due to secondary non-Gaussianity. We find that although secondary non-Gaussianity swamps the primordial signal, primordial non-Gaussianity can still be extracted with signal-to-noise ratios that surpass current and future CMB experiments by several orders of magnitude, depending on the experimental setup. Furthermore, we conclude that for the bi- and trispectra of massive particle exchange marginalizing over other primordial shapes affects signal-to-noise ratios more severely than secondary shapes. Baryonic pressure effects turn out to have a negligible impact on our forecasts, even at scales close to the Jeans scale. The results of this work reinforce the prospects of 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuations from the Dark Ages as the ultimate probe for primordial non-Gaussianity.
Search for single production of vectorlike B-quarks at the LHC*
Authors: Han Jin-Zhong , Liu Yao-Bei , Xing Lu , Xu Shuai
Published: June 2022

New vectorlike quarks have been proposed in many scenarios of new physics beyond the Standard Model, which address the hierarchy problem and may be potentially discovered at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Based on a model-independent framework, we propose to search for the vectorlike B-quark (VLQ-B) and focus on resonant production via b-gluon fusion through chromomagnetic interactions. We then explore the possible signals of the VLQ-B through the

decay mode at the 14 TeV LHC. After a rapid simulation of signal and background events, the

excluded regions and the

discovery reach in the parameter plane of

are obtained at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 300 (3000) fb

in the dilepton final states.
Scintillation detectors with silicon photomultiplier readout in a dilution refrigerator at temperatures down to 0.2 K
Authors: Zhang J. , Goeldi D. , Iwai R. , Sakurai M. , Soter A.
Published: June 2022

We are developing a novel high-brightness atomic beam,
comprised of a two-body exotic atom called muonium (M = μ
+ +
e
-), for next-generation atomic physics and gravitational
interaction measurements. This M source originates from a thin sheet
of superfluid helium (SFHe), hence diagnostics and later
measurements require a detection system which is operational in a
dilution cryostat at temperatures below 1 K. In this paper,
we describe the operation and characterization of silicon
photomultipliers (SiPMs) at ultra-low temperatures in SFHe
targets. We show the temperature dependence of the signal shape,
breakdown voltage, and single photon detection efficiency,
concluding that single photon detection with SiPMs below
0.85 K is feasible. Furthermore, we show the development of
segmented scintillation detectors, where 16 channels at 1.7 K
and one channel at 170 mK were commissioned using a
muon beam.