bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVIEW: SOLUTIONS FOR GRAND CHALLENGES IN GOAT AND SHEEP PRODUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Aldridge Mildred Elizabeth , Fearon Jasmyn Elaine , Haynes Bethany Peyton , Miller Hannah Marie , Sanford Katie Yvonne , Scott Rachel Rebecca , Anglin William Wess , Blalock Lauren Susanne , Burkes Briana Lashun , Cohn-White Olivia Lucienne , Franks Brittany Renee , Giles Haleigh Margaret , Greene Ashley Lorraine , Hanby Riley Dawn , Holliman Anna Grace , Kirby John Mark , Klein Austin William , Lehmann Courtney Ann , Llyod Grace Jennette , Lore Cody Triston , McMurray Tyler B. , Moody Zachary Vinz , Palmer Brianna Nicole , Pansano Lindsey Virginia , Pickle Ryan Matthew , Schaeffer Laura Marie , Seidl Jeneva Ruth , Smith James Dean , Stepp Hannah Faith , Satrio Faisal Amri , Kutchy Naseer Ahmad , Dechert Ed , Rutherford Cobie , Brown Kipp , Purwantara Bambang , Memili Erdogan
Published: January 2019

Goats and sheep are valuable as they are a source of meat, milk, fleece, and other products. These livestock are also important both for agriculture and biomedical research. However, the efficient, sustainable, and profitable production of these small ruminants faces major obstacles. Hence, this review analyzes these major challenges specifically, their negative impacts on the industry, and suggests some science-based solutions to overcome them. Those challenged areas are education and training, research, translational research/biotechnology, goat and sheep health, and maintenance of an economically sustainable agribusiness. The suggested solutions include the effective teaching of goat and sheep science to the next generation and public empowerment, support for innovative and translational research, disease prevention and treatment, support for technology transfer, and development of sound agribusiness practices. This review is helpful particularly for scientists, students, and the goat and sheep producers. In general, these information on the current state of goat and sheep agriculture will also help the public to better understand and appreciate the challenges met and opportunities provided in small ruminant production enterprises.
Agrobacterium-MEDIATED GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF SEAWEED Kappaphycus alvarezii USING GÎ± GENE AND CALLUS CULTURES
Authors: Sulistiani Erina , Suharsono Suharsono , Supena Ence Darmo Jaya , Miftahudin Miftahudin
Published: January 2019

Cottonii seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty) is one of the most important commercial sources of carrageenans which are widely used in the pharmaceuticals and food industries. A problem in the cultivation of this seaweed is the ice-ice disease, which is caused by extreme changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and seawater salinity. Gene transformation to produce Cottonii seaweed transgenics that are tolerant to environmental stress is a potential solution to this problem. GÎ± gene encodes for the heterotrimeric G protein Î± subunit is a gene that plays a role in tolerance to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. This study aimed to: (a) introduce the GÎ± gene into the callus cells of K. alvarezii and regenerate transformed callus cells to transgenic plantlets; (b) determine the appropriate concentration of acetosyringone and Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain for gene transfer into the callus of K. alvarezii. The callus cells of K. alvarezii were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 and EHA105 carrying the expression vector pGWB502-GÎ± with a CaMV-35S promoter. The calli and A. tumefaciens were co-cultivated in several concentrations of acetosyringone (20, 40, 60 mg/L). The regeneration of transformed callus cells into transgenic plantlets was successfully performed using the somatic embryogenesis technique. The results showed that the highest percentage of putative transgenic micropropagule formation occurred at the 20-40 mg/L concentration of acetosyringone. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on the twenty transgenic plantlets indicated that the GÎ± gene was successfully introduced into the genomic DNA of all of them. The highest transformation efficiency was in the co-cultivation treatment of 20-40 mg/L acetosyringone (22-28%). The transformation efficiency produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 (23%) was not significantly different from that produced by the LBA4404 (15%).
Synonyms and one new record in the spider family Trechaleidae (Araneae: Lycosoidea)
Authors: DA SILVA ESTEVAM L. CRUZ , LISE ARNO A.
Published: January 2019

After the publication of the first taxonomic revision of Trechalea Thorell, 1869 by Carico (1993), several genera of Trechaleidae were revised, including Dossenus Simon, 1898 (Silva et al. 2007), Enna O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Silva et al. 2008), Syntrechalea F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 (Carico 2008) and Hesydrus Simon, 1898 (Carico 2005a). New genera have also been proposed, for example, Paratrechalea Carico, 2005 and Trechaleoides Carico, 2005 (Carico 2005b). However, there is still much taxonomic work to be done in the spider family Trechaleidae and here we identify further synonymies and list misidentifications of genera and species.
Aphyosemion teugelsi (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae), a new species from a remote locality in the southern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: DER ZEE JOUKE R. VAN , SONNENBERG RAINER
Published: January 2019

Aphyosemion teugelsi is described from specimens collected in a small creek in the upper Wamba River basin in the southwest of the Democratic Republic of the Congo not far from the Angolan border. This is ~400 km outside the known distribution area of the genus. It is distinguished from all other members of the genus Aphyosemion by the combination of broad black margins on all fins in males, a robust lower jaw, a more convex back, a large head with large eyes, a more anterior position of the dorsal fin relative to anal fin, and absence of extensions on the upper and lower caudal fin.
A review of the genus Pupopsis Gredler, 1898 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Enidae), with the descriptions of eight new species from China
Authors: WU MIN , GAO LINHUI
Published: January 2019

The Chinese endemic enid genus Pupopsis Gredler, 1898 is revised based on the literature, museum collections and specimens recently collected in Sichuan, Gansu and Xinjiang, China. The differences among four presumably closely related genera, Pupopsis, Clausiliopsis Möllendorff, 1901, Serina Gredler, 1898 and Holcauchen Möllendorff, 1901 are scrutinized and discussed. The type species Pupopsis pupopsis Gredler, 1898 is studied anatomically for the first time. The reproductive organs of “Pupopsis” soleniscus display characteristics similar to bradybaenid genitalia and the species is excluded from the genus Pupopsis. Eight new species, namely P. hendan sp. nov., P. maoxian sp. nov., P. rhodostoma sp. nov., P. subpupopsis sp. nov., P. subtorquilla sp. nov., P. yengiawat sp. nov., P. yuxu sp. nov., and P. zilchi sp. nov., are proposed based on shell and/or genital features. The redefined genus Pupopsis comprises fourteen species after the present revision. A new record of Pupopsis in Sichuan extends the known distribution range of this genus to the South.
Bats of the Paranã River Valley, Tocantins and Goiás states, Central Brazil
Authors: BEZERRA ALEXANDRA M. R. , MARINHO-FILHO JADER
Published: January 2019

The Valley of the Paranã River is located in the states Tocantins and Goiás, Brazil. This region is inserted in the transitional area between the Cerrado, a Neotropical Savanna Hotspot, and the Amazon and Caatinga biomes. Transitional zones are alleged to be characterized by high species richness due to the overlap of species distributional ranges, and by a high level of endemism provided by the uniqueness of these regions. The aim of this study was to survey the chiropteran fauna of the Paranã River Valley, analyzing the species composition, richness and endemism, and to contribute with the increasing knowledge of the mammalian fauna of the Cerrado, since the northern portion of this biome is one of the most poorly known. We surveyed the bats using both mist net and hand capture methods, totalizing 16, 650 m2 net-hour. A total of 23 species was surveyed, being five new records for Goiás state, nine new records for Tocantins state, and 10 species considered rare or threatened. The locality Alvorada do Norte, in northeastern Goiás state, surrounded by karstic formations showed the highest number of species, highest number of new records, and of species of special interested.
Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: SÆTHER OLE A.
Published: January 2019

Procladius (Holotanypus) rugulosus sp. n. from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, is described as male, female and pupa. Six additional species of Procladius Skuse are recorded from Lake Winnipeg of which 5 belong to the most common species in the lake. The immature stages of P. (Psilotanypus) bellus (Loew), P. (Holotanypus) culiciformis (L.), P. (H.) denticulatus Sublette, P. (H.) freemani Sublette, and P. (H.) sublettei Roback are redescribed. Species keys are given to sufficiently known Nearctic females, to pupae of Lake Winnipeg, and to Nearctic larvae of Procladius. The distribution of Procladius in Lake Winnipeg is mapped and discussed. The separation of larval instars is shown approximately to follow Dyar’s rule.
Stigmaeus boshroyehensis sp. nov. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from eastern Iran, with re-description of Stigmaeus pilatus Kuznetzov
Authors: KHANJANI MOHAMMAD , IZADI HAMZEH , FAYAZ BAHMAN , RAISI HOSEIN , ROSTAMI ELAHEH , DOĞAN SALİH
Published: January 2019

A new species of the genus Stigmaeus, S. boshroyehensis sp. nov., is described and figured based on females. Specimens were collected from soil under pistachio trees at Boshroyeh vicinity, south Khorasan province, Iran. Also a known species, S. pilatus Kuznetzov, collected from soil under plum and apple trees at Maryanaj vicinity, Hamedan province, Iran, is re-described. A key to all known Iranian species of the genus is provided.
The tadpole of the hylid frog Scinax belloni (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: SILVA-SOARES THIAGO , COSTA PAULO NOGUEIRA , FERREIRA RODRIGO B. , WEBER LUIZ NORBERTO
Published: January 2019

Scinax perpusillus group is composed by11 species. Only Scinax arduous, Scinax littoreus, Scinax. meloi, S. perpusillus, S. tupinamba, and S. v-signatus, have its tadpole described. Herein we described the tadpole of Scinax belloni and its internal oral features. Tadpoles of S. belloni were collected in bromeliads at the Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, municipality of Castelo, Espírito Santo, southeastern. Two tadpoles were reared to froglets in order to allow specific identification. The morphology of S. belloni tadpoles resemble the other known larvae in many aspects such as oval body in dorsal view, coloration, rounded snout in dorsal view, dorsolateral eyes, anteroventral mouth and labial tooth row formula 2(2)/3. In fact, at first sight, all known tadpoles are very similar from each other. Nevertheless, they do can be distinguished by some characters as the shape of lower jaw; number of row of labial papillae; the size of the fins; height of tail and the body; whether musculature of tail reaches its tip and if tail ends rounded or pointed. S. belloni tadpoles are readily differentiated from the other known Scinax gr. perpusillus species tadpoles by the presence of a dark band that goes along the dorsal and ventral fin. The internal oral morphology of S. belloni is also described.
New species of Lopescladius (Cordiella) Coffman et Roback (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from Brazil
Authors: HAGENLUND LINN K. , ANDERSEN TROND , MENDES HUMBERTO F.
Published: January 2019

Three new species of Lopescladius (Cordiella) Coffman et Roback, 1984, L. (C.) morosus, L. (C.) vibrissatus and L. (C.) uncatus, from Brazil are described and figured as male imago. An emended generic diagnosis as well as a key to the males are given.
The first hypogean dipluran from Portugal: description of a new species of the genus Litocampa (Diplura: Campodeidae)
Authors: REBOLEIRA ANA SOFIA P. S. , SENDRA ALBERTO , GONÇALVES FERNANDO , OROMÍ PEDRO
Published: January 2019

Knowledge of Portuguese Campodeidae is scant, with only 7 previous papers (Wygodzinsky 1944a; Condé 1951; Sendra 1990; Sendra & Moreno 2004, 2006; Gama et al. 2000a,b), with a total of 13 epigean species: Eutrichocampa Silvestri (1 sp.), Campodea Westwood (6 spp.) and Podocampa Silvestri (6 spp.). Three of these species are endemic to mainland Portugal: C. machadoi Condé, 1951, P. jorgei Wygodzinsky, 1944 and P. seabrai Wygodzinsky, 1944. Only one species, Podocampa cardini Silvestri, 1932, has been recorded from a Portuguese cave environment (Condé 1955); this species previously had been known as an epigean species from Sierra de Aralar in Navarra, Spain (Silvestri 1932). Intensive sampling efforts over the last four years in Portuguese karstic caves revealed the presence of a morphospecies originally assigned to Podocampa fragiloides Silvestri, 1932, which is often found in moist epigean environments of the Iberian Peninsula influenced by the Atlantic Ocean (A. Sendra, pers. obs.).
A new species of Ferorhinella with an unusual pattern of sexual size dimorphism (Hemiptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae)
Authors: PALADINI ANDRESSA
Published: January 2019

The spittlebug genus Ferorhinella (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) was described by Carvalho & Webb (2004) based on type species Sphenorhina brevis Walker (1851). Fennah (1968) had previously consigned this species to the genus Tropidorhinella. However, we consider Ferorhinella to be a valid genus based on its small size and the distinctive shape of the male genitalia: the parameres broad apically with two subapical process and the aedeagus with a bifid apex S-shaped. The proportion of the head and the shape of the aedeagus and parameres are also quite unlike those of other genera of Cercopidae, including Tropidorhinella. Until now, Ferorhinella was a monotypic genus. Tropidorhinella has four species.
Microphysidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) newly found from China
Authors: VINOKUROV NIKOLAI N. , CAI WANZHI , LUO ZHAOHUI
Published: January 2019

The Microphysidae is a very small family, comprising about 30 recent species and 10 extinct species in 5 genera (Schuh & Slater 1995; Péricart 1996; Popov 2004, 2006, 2008). Microphysids are tiny predatory bugs (1.2–3.0 mm) sucking other small arthropods, like mites, springtails, aphids, psyllids, etc. Almost all of them are sexually dimorphic: males are fully winged and females are micro- and brachypterous. Due to their small size, restricted distribution, and cryptic habits, the family remained little studied (Schuh & Slater 1995). In the study of biodiversity of Heteroptera from Xinjiang, a Palaearctic species of this family was found. The species represents the first record of the cimicomorphan family Microphysidae from China.
New species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Nepal
Authors: TAKAOKA HIROYUKI , SHRESTHA SUCHITRA
Published: January 2019

Ten new species of black flies are described based on larval, pupal and reared adult specimens collected at various localities in Nepal. All new species are assigned to the genus Simulium Latreille and further classified into five subgenera: one (S. suchitrae sp. nov.) in Asiosimulium Takaoka & Choochote, one (S. jomsomense sp. nov.) in Eusimulium Roubaud, three (S. baglungense sp. nov., S. butwalense sp. nov., S. nuwakotense sp. nov.) in Gomphostilbia Enderlein, two (S. lekhaniense sp. nov., S. letense sp. nov.) in Nevermannia Enderlein, and three (S. titarense sp. nov., S. tamorense sp. nov., S. tulshii sp. nov.) in Simulium Latreille s. str. Among these, the first two new species also represnt new records from Nepal of two subgenera, Asiosimulium and Eusimulium, respectively, both of which occur very rarely in the Oriental Region. The previous record from Nepal of S. (G.) gombakense Takaoka & Davies is corrected to that of S. (G.) sachini Takaoka & Henry, recently described from India. The male and mature larva of S. (G.) sachini are also described for the first time. The taxonomic affinities with related known species, if any, are noted for each new species. The keys to all 32 Nepalese species of black flies are provided.
Freshwater Bryozoa of Okinawa, Japan, with descriptions of Rumarcanella gen. nov. (Phylactolaemata: Plumatellidae) and two new species
Authors: HIROSE MASATO , MAWATARI SHUNSUKE F.
Published: January 2019

We identified nine species of phylactolaemate bryozoans collected from ponds and dams on Okinawa Island, Japan. This is the first report on freshwater bryozoans from Okinawa and includes the first record of Plumatella javanica from Japan. Phylactolaemate species were identified on the basis of colony and statoblast morphology and are illustrated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We detected two new plumatellid species that, like Plumatella minuta and Plumatella vorstmani, have a transparent, weakly chitinized colony and hypertubercles on the floatoblast fenestra. A previous molecular study showed these four species to form a clade separate from Plumatella and Hyalinella. We here establish the new genus Rumarcanella to accommodate these species and describe Rumarcanella gusuku n. sp. and R. yanbaruensis n. sp. We discuss the dispersal of bryozoans to and from Japan by birds carrying statoblasts and provide a key to the Phylactolaemata of Japan.
Comments on the nomenclatural status of two subgeneric names for marine gastrotrichs (Gastrotricha: Xenotrichulidae)
Authors: ABUKAWA SHUSHI , KAJIHARA HIROSHI
Published: January 2019

Remane (1927) established the generic name Xenotrichula for a single species of marine gastrotrich, Xenotrichula velox Remane, 1927. Recently, Hummon and Todaro (2010: 22–23) created the new subgenus Velox, designating X. velox as the type species, despite Article 44.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hereafter, the "Code") (ICZN 1999). Because the subgeneric names Xenotrichula Remane, 1927 and Velox Hummon & Todaro, 2010 share the same name-bearing type species, the latter is an objective junior synonym of the former and thus should be regarded as permanently invalid. Hence the nominotypical subgenus must be expressed as Xenotrichula (Xenotrichula) Remane, 1927, and its type species Xenotrichula (Xenotrichula) velox.
On the taxonomy of the Exophyla-Isoura-Perinaenia generic-complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Catocalinae)
Authors: BABICS JÁNOS , RONKAY LÁSZLÓ
Published: January 2019

The genera Perinaenia and Isoura are revised, and four new species, P. mingchyrica sp. n. (Taiwan), P. atripunctum sp. n. (China, Shaanxi), P. nigrifascia sp. n. (Vietnam) and I. clara sp. n. (Nepal, Vietnam and Indonesia) are described. The systematic relationships of the genera Perinaenia, Isoura and Exophyla are discussed on the basis of their external and genitalic features.
Fish fauna of Baía da Babitonga (southern Brazil), with remarks on species abundance, ontogenic stage and conservation status
Authors: VILAR CIRO COLODETTI , SPACH HENRY LOUIS , SANTOS LILYANE DE OLIVEIRA
Published: January 2019

Basic data on species composition and abundance are essential to subsidize the development of effective actions for conservation of biological diversity and to identifying the effects arising from these actions. This work provides an updated checklist of the fish species occurring in the proposed Baía da Babitonga marine protected area (southern Brazil) as well as their abundance, ontogenic stage and conservation status, based on multi-site data collected in shallow water and deeper zones of the main channel and from published literature. A total of 152 fish species belonging to 18 orders and 53 families were registered, with 29 species being reported for the first time in Baía da Babitonga. Among the registered species, the exotic blenny Omobranchus punctatus (Valenciennes) was the most unexpected. The most species-rich families were Sciaenidae (18), Carangidae (15), Engraulidae (9), Paralichthyidae (8), Epinephelidae (8) and Gobiidae (7). Nine species inhabiting Baía da Babitonga are classified as globally threatened, and 17 species are classified as nationally overexploited; four of these species are on both global and national red lists.
The alpheid shrimp genus Leslibetaeus Anker, Poddoubtchenko & Wehrtmann, 2006 in the Western Atlantic, with description of a new species from Tobago (Crustacea, Decapoda)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR
Published: January 2019

A miniature alpheid shrimp, Leslibetaeus caribbaeus n. sp., is described on the basis of a single female specimen collected in Sandy Bay, Tobago, in 1992. The new species is closely related to L. coibita Anker, Poddoubtchenko & Wehrtmann, 2006 from the Pacific coast of Panama, the type species and the only other known species of Leslibetaeus Anker, Poddoubtchenko & Wehrtmann, 2006, differing from it in several morphological characters. With the discovery of L. caribbaeus n. sp., Leslibetaeus becomes a genus with transisthmian (= amphi-American) distribution. In addition, L. coibita is reported for the first time since original description and its range is extended by 400 km southwards. The generic diagnosis of Leslibetaeus is slightly emended.
A new species of Steleops Enderlein, and a Colombian record of S. pulcher New (Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’: Psocidae)
Authors: OBANDO RANULFO GONZÁLEZ , ALDRETE ALFONSO NERI GARCÍA , CARREJO NANCY SORAYA
Published: January 2019

Steleops buitrerensis n. sp. is here described and illustrated; it constitutes the 14 th species known in the genus, the 12 th known in the neotropics, and the first in the genus to be recorded in Colombia. The forewings and antennae are sexually dimorphic, and the head pattern of coloration, as well as the genital structure, separates it from the other described species. The location of the types is indicated in the description, and a key is included to separate it from the other South American species. S. pulcher New, previously known only in Mato Grosso, Brazil, is here recorded in Colombia.
Species of the genus Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Henan, China
Authors: LI WEIHAI , WANG HONGLIANG , LU WENYAN
Published: January 2019

The genus Neoperla is for the first time recorded for Henan Province, China. Herein, we illustrate with color photographs three species, including Neoperla yaoshana sp. nov. The relationship of the new species with closely related ones is discussed and notes for two additional species presented.
Comparative morphology of the male terminalia of the subtribe Rhinotorina (Diptera, Heleomyzidae, Rhinotorini)
Authors: ALMEIDA JULIA C. , ALE-ROCHA ROSALY
Published: January 2019

The Rhinotorini (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) are currently divided into three subtribes, which were considered as monophyletic groups. Rhinotorina, the main focus of this study includes Rhinotora Schiner, Apophoneura Malloch, Neorhinotora Lopes, and Rhinotoroides Lopes. This study is aimed to provide a hypothesis of homology among the structures of the male terminalia of the four genera of Rhinotorina, as well as to reassess the diagnostic features proposed by D. McAlpine for the subtribe, and to furnish new information about the morphology of these structures, particularly of the hypopygium. Species of the four genera of Rhinotorina were studied, as well as species of other subtribes of Rhinotorini. The putative synapomorphies for the Rhinotorina stated by D. McAlpine are considered here to be consistent, being observed in the four genera included in the present study. The hypopygium in Rhinotorina, in contrast, is very variable, and the study of its structures has added only one diagnostic feature to Rhinotorina: the presence of a ventral plate on the hypandrium. The degree of variation is not equivalent among the structures of the hypopygium: the surstyli are the most variable structures in Neorhinotora, and are very useful to diagnose species, and the shape of the epandrium, bacilliform sclerites, cerci, phallus, ejaculatory apodeme, phallapodeme, and hypandrium are very conservative in this genus. In Rhinotora, on the other hand, whereas the cerci, surstyli, phallus, phallapodeme, and postgonites vary widely among the species, the shapes of the bacilliform sclerites and the ejaculatory apodeme are relatively constant. The comparisons made among the male terminalia of Rhinotorina suggest that this set of structures is a promising source of informative characters for future phylogenetic studies of Rhinotorini and Heleomyzidae.
A new species of Cycloramphus Tschudi (Anura: Cycloramphidae) from the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: WEBER LUIZ NORBERTO , VERDADE VANESSA KRUTH , DE OLIVEIRA LULA SALLES RODRIGO DE , FOUQUET ANTOINE , DE CARVALHO-E-SILVA SERGIO POTSCH
Published: January 2019

We report here the discovery of a new species of frog associated to the open areas of the highlands of the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos. The new species, Cycloramphus organensis is characterized by a unique skin texture, medium size (maximum male and female SVL 26.4 mm and 33.3 mm respectively), dorsal surfaces uniformly brick red colored, uniformly areolate skin on dorsum, pupil horizontal, iris with a menisc on upper margin; no fleshy tubercles on eyelid, tympanic annulus concealed beneath skin, macroglands not visible externally, fingers and toes without fringes and webs; supernumerary palmar and plantar tubercles absent, nuptial spines absent. Despite the presence of an iris menisc, a character shared by frogs of both genera Cycloramphus and Zachaenus Cope, the combination of morphological characters is so unique that the allocation of the species to any of these genera remains ambiguous. Consequently, we used additional molecular-based phylogenetic analyses to ascertain the position of the new taxon. The new species proved to be embedded within the genus Cycloramphus.
A review of the genus Platyrhina (Chondrichthys: Platyrhinidae) from the northwestern Pacific, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: IWATSUKI YUKIO , MIYAMOTO KEI , NAKAYA KAZUHIRO , ZHANG JIE
Published: January 2019

The genus Platyrhina from the northwestern Pacific was reviewed, including a redescription and neotype proposal for Platyrhina sinensis (Bloch and Schneider 1801), and the description of two new species. Platyrhina limboonkengi Tang 1933 is relegated to the synonymy of P. sinensis, both species having two rows of hooked thorns on the mid-dorsum of the tail. Specimens previously widely identified as P. sinensis, but characterized by one row of such hooked thorns, represented an undescribed species, herein named Platyrhina tangi Iwatsuki, Zhang and Nakaya sp. nov. Platyrhina hyugaensis Iwatsuki, Miyamoto and Nakaya sp. nov., known from specimens limited primarily to the Hyuga Nada Sea, off Miyazaki, the Pacific coast of southern Japan, is similar to P. tangi in having one row of hooked thorns on the mid-dorsum of the trunk and tail, but differs in having larger hooked thorns, not encircled by light yellow or white pigment on the orbital, nape and scapular regions, and a pair of hooked thorns (absent in P. tangi) anteriorly on the scapular region. Nominal species are discussed and key to northwestern Pacific species of Platyrhina is provided.
First Iranian species of Neosilphitrombium (Acari: Prostigmata: Neothrombiidae) with a key to world species
Authors: SABOORI ALIREZA , HAJIQANBAR HAMIDREZA , HAKIMITABAR MASOUD
Published: January 2019

Neosilphitrombium tenebrionidum sp. nov. (Acari: Neothrombiidae) is described and illustrated from larvae ectoparasitic on Opatroides punctatus Brullé, 1832 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Mashhad and Gonabad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. It is the first report of the representatives of the genus Neosilphitrombium from Iran and the first record of the family Tenebrionidae as a host for the genus Neosilphitrombium. A key to world larval species of Neosilphitrombium is presented.
New species of and taxonomic notes on Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: NORRBOM ALLEN L. , KORYTKOWSKI CHESLAVO A.
Published: January 2019

Seven new species of Anastrepha are described and illustrated: A. conflua (Costa Rica), A. levefasciata (Perú), A. nolazcoae (Perú), A. paradentata (Mexico), A. raveni (Perú), A. trivittata (Brazil: Amazonas), and A. woodleyi (Bolivia). Anastrepha nunezae Steyskal, 1977, is recognized as a synonym of A. mucronota Stone, 1942, and A. pseudanomala Norrbom is recorded for the first time from Ecuador.
A new Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) species from Turkey based on molecular and morphological evidence
Authors: HRIVNIAK ĽUBOŠ , SROKA PAVEL , TÜRKMEN GENCER , GODUNKO ROMAN J. , KAZANCI NİLGÜN
Published: January 2019

Epeorus (Caucasiron) turcicus sp. nov. is described based on larvae from NE Turkey. The new species can be distinguished from other Caucasiron by a unique combination of several diagnostic characters: the presence of a rounded hypodermal medial femur spot, colouration of abdominal terga and sterna, narrow gill plate VII, fine hair-like setae on the surface of abdominal terga, and absence of postero-lateral projections on tergum X. In addition to morphological analysis, two single-locus analytical approaches are employed for delimiting the new species using COI sequences (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, ABGD; and General Mixed Yule Coalescent Model, GMYC). Both approaches unambiguously recognized E. (C.) turcicus sp. nov. as a distinct species. Our molecular dataset contains all Caucasiron species occurring in the Caucasus and the delimitation of individual species mostly follows the morphologically defined species. This study confirms the suitability of the GMYC approach for species delimitation within Caucasiron.
Entraining CAPE for Better Assessment of Tornado Outbreak Potential in the Warm Sector of Extratropical Cyclones
Authors: Tochimoto Eigo , Sueki Kenta , Niino Hiroshi
Published: January 2019

Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is known to lack skill in discussing the environments of tornadic and nontornadic storms, or those of tornado outbreaks and nonoutbreaks. In this paper, a composite analysis of extratropical cyclones that caused 15 or more tornadoes [outbreak cyclones (OCs)] and 5 or fewer tornadoes [nonoutbreak cyclones (NOCs)] in the United States in April and May between 1995 and 2012 shows that entraining-CAPE (E-CAPE), which considers the effects of the entrainment of environmental air, is useful in the analysis of the environments of OCs and NOCs. E-CAPE in the warm sector of OCs is larger than that in the warm sector of NOCs (statistically significant at the 95%–99% level). Moreover, the regions with large E-CAPE for both OCs and NOCs are more closely correlated with the locations of tornadoes than those with large CAPE. The larger E-CAPE near the center in the warm sector of OCs is due to greater moisture at low and midlevels that results from advection by strong southerly winds and synoptic-scale ascent, respectively. The composite analysis also shows that E-EHI, E-SCP, and E-STP, for which traditional CAPE used in the energy helicity index (EHI), supercell composite parameter (SCP), and significant tornado parameter (STP) is substituted by E-CAPE, are more strongly correlated with tornado locations than are the original EHI, SCP, and STP, respectively.
Omadacycline
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2019

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
Strengthen governability rather than deepen democracy: why local governments introduce participatory governance
Authors: Kübler Daniel , Rochat Philippe E. , Woo Su Yun , van der Heiden Nico
Published: January 2019

Innovations in participatory governance have been widely discussed but their introduction as such is rarely examined. This article seeks to understand why, in a context of established democracy, local authorities engage in participatory governance. Using a data set on the implementation of mini-publics in 1505 Swiss municipalities in the period 2000 to 2012, we test five hypotheses about the introduction of participatory governance. We find that mini-publics in Swiss municipalities are policy-oriented procedures that involve only a small proportion of the citizenry. Municipalities who implement mini-publics are those that do not have a municipal assembly tradition, whose public services are under growth pressure, who feature many different political groups as well as strong party and community ties, and who have a strongly professionalized public administration. We conclude that the expansion of participatory governance is driven by an agenda to increase governability in an adversarial context with strong and fragmented group interests.

Points for practitioners

This study explores the introduction of mini-publics in Swiss municipalities. Mini-publics are participatory designs in which small groups of citizens deliberate on a topic related to municipal policymaking. Most mini-public exercises found in this study were related to spatial planning, but sustainability and youth were recurrent fields as well. Mini-publics have become part of public administration practice and are set up in the hope that they will help find solutions to conflicts and foster the acceptance of policy decisions.
Telling the untold stories of school integration: An interview with Vanessa Siddle Walker
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: January 2019

Kappan’s editor talks with the distinguished historian Vanessa Siddle Walker about the hidden — and lost — tradition of political advocacy by Black educational leaders in the segregated South. To promote equity and excellence for all students, she argues, today’s educators will need to recover the sorts of extensive and well-organized professional networks that existed in the decades prior to Brown v. Board of Education.
Six conditions for successful career academies
Authors: Lanford Michael , Maruco Tattiya
Published: January 2019

Career academies — small learning communities within high schools that introduce students to specific industry sectors — have become a popular way to expand career education. Yet certain institutional, economic, and social factors can inhibit their viability and scalability. Michael Lanford and Tattiya Maruco conducted a yearlong qualitative study of career academies in Southern California to identify six conditions that are necessary for establishing and maintaining a career academy that has a positive influence on students and the community.
Explaining Job Satisfaction and Commitment Among Prison Officers: The Role of Organizational Justice
Authors: Boateng Francis D. , Hsieh Ming-Li
Published: January 2019

The organizational justice doctrine has been applied widely in understanding the performance of criminal justice institutions. Although most of the research has been conducted in the West, few studies have focused on postcolonial societies. Given the importance of cross-cultural investigations, the current study attempts to test the validity of organizational justice theory in Ghana by exploring how key organizational justice components impact correctional officers’ perception of job satisfaction and job commitment. The results reveal significant support for organizational justice hypotheses in Ghana. Practical policy implications of the findings are discussed.
A Study on the Mother Education Program for the Prevention of Child Neglect
Authors: Beyazit Utku , Bütün Ayhan Aynur
Published: January 2019

In the present research, the aim was to develop, implement, and examine the effectiveness of an education program for mothers for the prevention of child neglect. In the study, the “Mother Education Program to Prevent Child Neglect” was initially designed for implementation and a quasi-experimental design involving pretest/posttest, and one-month follow-up test was implemented to examine the effectiveness of the trial procedure. The study group of the research consisted of 24 mothers (12 mothers in the intervention group and 12 mothers in the comparison group) who agreed to participate in the study. In order to collect the sociodemographic information about the children and their mothers, an “Individual Information Form” was administered. In order to assess the neglectful behaviors of the mothers, the Parent Form of the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale-Parents Form was used. As a result of the study, a significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest scores of the mothers in the intervention group ( p<.05). The cognitive neglect and the total neglect scores of the mothers in the intervention group were found to significantly decrease after the completion of the education program. The results of the follow-up test also revealed that the effect of the education program for mothers was sustained after one month. Resultantly, suggestions related to the prevention of child neglect have been made for parents, professionals, institutions, and researchers working on the subject.
The global infrastructure public-private partnership and the extra-territorial politics of collective provision: The case of regional rail transit in Denver, USA
Authors: Jonas Andrew EG , Goetz Andrew R , Brady Sylvia
Published: January 2019

Drawing upon a case study of regional transit in Denver, Colorado, this article describes and accounts for the emergence of the global infrastructure public-private partnership (GIP3) as a novel extra-territorial mechanism for financing and delivering transportation infrastructure projects across large metropolitan regions in the United States (US). Unlike traditional locally-funded public-private partnerships, a GIP3 involves a global (i.e. extra-territorial) consortium of private sector construction firms and investors which enters into a long-term contract with a regional public agency to finance, operate, maintain and deliver strategic investments in transportation infrastructure. In 2004, Denver region voters approved a sales tax increase to fund the Denver Regional Transportation District (RTD)’s US$4.7 billion FasTracks programme, a 122-mile extension of light and commuter rail along six corridors. Faced with a shortfall in regional funding, the Denver RTD subsequently entered into a contract with a GIP3 consortium to finance and deliver the Eagle P3 project, a major component of the FasTracks system to Denver International Airport. The article argues that future research on GIP3 contractual agreements needs to consider the local control of infrastructure assets and the integrity of supporting regional collaborative governance arrangements.
Principle and Practice in Commonwealth Industrial Arbitration after Sixty Years
Authors: McGarvie R. E.
Published: January 2019

In its joint judgment in the Standard Hours Inquiry, 1947 the Full Court of the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration observed:

The issue, as the history of the case indicates, comes to this Court as a number of industrial disputes (over 100 applications are before the Court) between many registered organizations of workers and their employers who are respondents. Some of these disputes are of long standing; others of them were created when it was known that the Court proposed to make a general investigation into standard hours. It is a commonplace of Australian industrial law that the limit of the constitutional power of the Court is to settle these disputes each within its ambit, and the ultimate judgment will in fact settle these particular disputes, and do no more. But we know, as a matter of practical fact, that it will in the long run lead to uniform standard hours throughout Australia. The responsibility of this onerous task does not properly belong to this Court. It is bound only to settle the dispute. It is something additional that State legislatures and State industrial tribunals make its decisions in these disputes the bases of industrial determinations.
The Overthrow of Attorney-General v. Gill: Cooney v. Ku-Ring-Gai Municipal Council
Authors: Richardson J. E.
Published: January 2019

The refusal of the High Court in Cooney v. Ku-ring-gai Municipal Council to follow Attorney-General (ex rei. Lumley) v. T. S. Gill & Son Ply Ltd should be received enthusiastically by public lawyers and others who consider that individuals should be restrained from breaking the law if their activities operate to the disadvantage of members of the public living in the vicinity. The long reign of Attorney-General v. Gill has ended. In Gill’s case in 1927 the Full Court of the Supreme Court of Victoria declined to grant the Victorian Attorney-General an injunction to restrain the defendant from continuing with the erection of a factory on land situated in a residential area contrary to a by-law of the City of Prahran. The Attorney-General had sought the injunction on the relation of Lumley, a ratepayer of the municipality, who alleged he was injuriously affected by the defendant’s acts which, according to the allegation, also amounted to an invasion of the rights of the ratepayers generally and of the public. The municipality had made no attempt to enforce its own by-law although an offence against the by-law could be punished by fines and continuing penalties.
Australian Capital Territory Legislative Summary
Authors: Guild P. N.
Published: January 2019

The scope of this summary is to review Ordinances made under the Seat of Government (Administration) Act 1960-1963 and Regulations made pursuant to such Ordinances, which may be of interest to local practitioners in that they tie in with general schemes of legislation, and practitioners in general where they relate to the legal consequences of acts performed outside the Territory or are intended to provide a model for uniform legislation in the Commonwealth.
The Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigine
Authors: Sawer Geoffrey
Published: January 2019

The Australian Founding Fathers paid no attention at all to the position of the Australian aboriginal race, and the only two references to aborigines in the Constitution are highly negative in character.They are:

s. 51. The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to:

...

(xxvi.) The people of any race, other than the aboriginal race in any State, for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws.

s. 127. In reckoning the numbers of the people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, aboriginal natives shall not be counted.
Unconstitutional Statutes and De Facto Officers
Authors: Pannam Clifford L.
Published: January 2019

Thomas Reed Powell once commented that it is just as well that‘ the law is full of collateral doctrines and devices that keep it from behaving as badly as it sometimes talks ’. Few areas of the law provide a better example of his point than does that frequently neglected area of constitutional law which is concerned with the legal character of acts performed under an unconstitutional statute. The traditional doctrine is that such a statute is an utter nullity. Perhaps the most famous statement of this doctrine is to be found in Norton v. Shelby County where Field J. stated that an unconstitutional statute ‘confers no rights; it imposes no duties; it affords no protection; it creates no office; it is in legal contemplation, as inoperative as though it had never been passed’. Or as a Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia once put it: ‘A pretended law made in excess of power is not and never has been a law at all . . . it is invalid ab initio’.
O! That way Madness Lies: Judicial Review for Error of law
Authors: Whitmore Harry
Published: January 2019

For centuries the superior courts have wielded a judicial big stick labelled ‘jurisdictional error’ in order to control and supervise the activities of administrators and inferior tribunals; moreover the stick has been brandished in the face of parliaments which have indicated fairly clearly that they intended the particular inferior body to be free of judicial interference. The doctrine of review for jurisdictional error is well established; but there is widespread criticism of its operation. The distinction between findings of inferior bodies which are ‘collateral’ to the merits and thus reviewable and those which are not, a distinction which is basic to the doctrine, has been described as one of the ‘apparently meaningless categories’ of legal reference. Particularly effective and persistent criticism has been mounted by D. M. Gordon. In his view the distinction between jurisdictional facts and other facts cannot be maintained. He is completely opposed to any acceptance of the idea that the courts should be free to manipulate jurisdictional error to control the activities of inferior bodies on policy grounds alone; arbitrariness and uncertainty have no place in the law of judicial review.
The Privy Council, Natural Justice and Certiorari
Authors: Nettheim Garth
Published: January 2019

‘Natural justice’ is one of the key concepts in our legal system. The concept has been employed to ensure fair adjudication, not only by courts in the strict sense, but also by a vast range of administrative tribunals, bodies and officials that have power to affect the rights of individuals.

‘Natural justice’, to English and Australian lawyers, comprises two basic rules: the right to be heard (audi alterarn partern, the hearing rule) and the principle of fairness or impartiality (nerno debet esse judex in sua propria causa, the bias rule). These are ‘the essential characteristics of what is often called natural justice. They are the twin pillars supporting it’.
Burying the Autochthonous Expedient?
Authors: Else-Mitchell Rae
Published: January 2019

Although the framers of the Commonwealth Constitution, steeped in the study of American federalism, found the United States Constitution a valuable model which they could copy or adapt to the requirements of the six federating Australian colonies, they deliberately departed from the judicial provisions of that model in two major respects: first by creating the High Court of Australia as a general court of appeal from the Supreme Courts of the States; and, secondly, by empowering the Parliament to invest State courts with jurisdiction in all matters which might be brought before the High Court in its original jurisdiction.
The social life of technicalities: ‘Terrorist’ lives in Delhi’s courts
Authors: Suresh Mayur
Published: January 2019

How do we imagine the place of courtrooms in relation to society? There have been two dominant ways that ethnographers have viewed trials. The first treats trials as ways of understanding social structures and political power. In relation to terrorism trials, the courtroom becomes the arena in which nationalist politics can be re-enacted. There is the space of a pre-existing society—with all its hierarchies and conflicts—and the court case is then merely affixed to the social. The second way, which has a minor role in scholarship on India, has imagined courtrooms as theatrical spaces in which society is discursively constructed.

 In this article, I argue that an ethnography of courtrooms can be a way of accessing the space of courtroom on its own terms. I argue that the technologies of law set in place their own relations and forms of sociality and that the courtroom is a world in and of itself. Based on an ethnography of terrorism trials in Delhi, I show how the terrorism trial is not only the arena in which bigger contestations over nationalism and religious identity may play out; it is also the space in which new forms of life specific to the courtroom emerge.