bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matices sociales del poder local: ser alcalde en la provincia de Tunja durante la primera república de Colombia (1819-1830)
Authors: Barrera-Orjuela Jorge-David
Published: September 2023

durante la década de 1820 las preguntas sobre quiénes debían ser los alcaldes de la república y a través de qué mecanismos debían escogerse se hicieron cada vez más problemáticas. Mientras que los principales líderes del Ejecutivo y del Legislativo nacional atendieron a estas cuestiones con cierta indiferencia, para buena parte de los habitantes de las ciudades y parroquias los asuntos relacionados con los cargos de alcaldes tuvieron una importancia capital. A través del presente artículo, se propuso señalar la relevancia que la cuestión de los alcaldes fue adquiriendo a medida que avanzaba la segunda década del siglo XIX y la dificultad de conciliar la realidad de estos empleados públicos tan paradigmáticos de la política local con las novedosas nociones de igualdad ante la ley, gobierno representativo y soberanía popular. Para alcanzar este propósito se emplearon diversas fuentes primarias entre las cuales sobresalen las actas electorales de los alcaldes ordinarios y pedáneos de la Provincia de Tunja, archivos judiciales y publicaciones en la prensa local y nacional. La interpretación de estos testimonios permitió reflexionar sobre los efectos políticos que derivaron de la forma como el Estado y los ciudadanos colombianos lidiaron con el problema de los alcaldes, particularmente, el surgimiento de un incipiente fenómeno de plebeyización del cargo.
Simpatía, creencia y experiencia en David Hume
Authors: Calvente Sofía Beatriz
Published: September 2023

Aún no se ha explorado si el potencial comunicativo del principio humeano de simpatía se limita al intercambio de sentimientos y emociones o si permite también compartir creencias. Mostraremos que Hume considera esta última posibilidad tanto a partir de la universalidad de la naturaleza humana y del carácter inherentemente social del hombre, como de la existencia de una interconexión entre pensamientos y sentimientos. Contrariamente a la opinión de diversos autores, afirmamos además que la experiencia propia no es condición de posibilidad para poner en acto el principio de simpatía, sino que podemos recibir los sentimientos y creencias de los demás aunque no contemos con experiencia similar.
El estancamiento de la controversia sobre el seleccionismo génico
Authors: Bohórquez Carvajal Julián , Bernal Velásquez Reinaldo
Published: September 2023

Nos ocupamos de la controversia científica sobre la plausibilidad del seleccionismo génico. En primer lugar, mostramos que esta controversia parece estar estancada en su conjunto y particularmente sobre la cuestión central: si los genes son el objeto de la selección natural. En segundo lugar, sostenemos que el estancamiento sobre esta cuestión se explica en buena medida porque las partes en disputa están posicionadas sobre modos distintos de comprender la genética. Finalmente, argumentamos que la controversia podría avanzar si se enfrentara un asunto muy problemático que, a pesar de su relevancia, ha sido relegado a un segundo plano: cómo definir “gen” en términos moleculares
Rhythm-based authorship recognition in syllabic and accentual-syllabic verse
Authors: Plecháč Petr , Birnbaum David J.
Published: September 2023

This contribution explores the extent to which rhythm-based features of poetic texts can contribute meaningfully to authorship recognition. We show that, although a binary categorization of languages as syllabic vs. accentual-syllabic fails to fully explain the differences. However, once we formalize accentual regularity as a continuum, our analysis shows that authorship attribution results improve as we move from the most to the least accentually regular languages. This result supports our hypothesis that accentual regularity is an inhibiting factor in authorship attribution as long as accentual regularity is understood as a continuous property.
“Reis melhor do que eu”: los heterónimos de Pessoa desde una perspectiva estilométrica
Authors: Orekhov Boris , Skorinkin Daniil
Published: September 2023

Tradicionalmente, la estilometría se ha utilizado para resolver problemas de atribución de autoría. Los métodos cuantitativos de atribución siguen siendo la última herramienta de los investigadores cuando no se dispone de pruebas documentales fiables. En los últimos veinte años, el método Delta, desarrollado por John F. Burrows, se ha impuesto como el principal método de atribución. En general, ha demostrado ser una forma bastante fiable de atribuir textos en casos controvertidos. Sin embargo, como muestra nuestra investigación, destaca el caso de Fernando Pessoa, quien produjo sus textos "en nombre" de identidades ficticias, comúnmente llamadas "heterónimos". Delta no identificó dichas obras como se esperaba, es decir, como textos pertenecientes a la pluma de una sola persona, Fernando Pessoa, sino como textos de diferentes autores. El artículo lleva a cabo una serie de experimentos para comprobar hasta qué punto Pessoa consigue confundir la valoración cuantitativa de autoría de sus textos poéticos. Los textos de Pessoa son examinados como un corpus independiente y con el trasfondo de la obra de otros poetas lusófonos. En todos los casos, las distancias entre los textos pertenecientes a los heterónimos de Pessoa son comparables a las distancias entre textos de autores diferentes, es decir, mucho mayores que las distancias entre los textos de un mismo autor.
Uma etnografia sobre os dilemas territoriais do Programa Bolsa-Família entre os índios Apurinã na Amazônia Central
Authors: Rique Fernandes Mario
Published: September 2023

Partindo do princípio de que toda política precisa conhecer o chão que se pisa, o artigo descreve o modo como as políticas de transferência de renda do Governo Federal, em especial o Programa Bolsa Família, são vivenciadas, percebidas e interpretadas pelos índios Apurinã que habitam um Complexo de Terras Indígenas na região do Médio rio Purus, Amazônia Central. O texto foca na trajetória de vida e nos deslocamentos de três famílias em diferentes regiões do Complexo buscando traçar ao longo dessas linhas as redes terrestres em que essas políticas estão emaranhadas, desdobrando o leque de controvérsias nos quais os atores estão metidos.
Metamorfosis del estallido social en Colombia
Authors: Báez Vanessa , Beltrán Nicolás , Florez Óscar , González Diego , Ramos Luis
Published: September 2023

Durante 2021, Colombia vivió un proceso de transformación social, cuando el descontento popular acumulado, junto con las consecuencias generadas por la pandemia global, fue un importante catalizador en el surgimiento de diversos tipos de manifestaciones, que conocemos actualmente como “estallido social”. Los actos de protesta desplegados por la población fueron foco de represión estatal, que desencadenaron procesos políticos de transformación de las comunidades urbanas y rurales. Nuestro objetivo principal es presentar material escrito y sonoro como ejercicio de memoria y divulgación de los sucesos que tuvieron lugar en el país, desde la perspectiva situada de las voces de participantes de este hecho histórico. El proceso de creación estuvo a cargo del equipo de Metamorfosis Podcast que, a partir de revisión bibliográfica, trabajo de campo y apoyo de un profesional en producción sonora y audiovisual, produjo un total de tres piezas sonoras en formato podcast para dar visibilidad a este suceso.
MODELO DE CLASE DE ÁTOMOS HELIOIDES - ANÁLISIS DE UNA REGULARIDAD EN LA ENERGÍA DEL ESTADO BASE DE LOS ÁTOMOS DE LA SERIE HELIOIDE
Authors: Martínez Tamayo Gustavo
Published: September 2023

Cuando se aplicó anteriormente el modelo de Bohr para predecir la energía de estado fundamental de sistemas atómicos de dos electrones, se encontraron valores en exceso negativos de los reales, particularmente en las especies más livianas: ion negativo de hidrógeno y el helio. Inspirándose en el popular juego de las tronadoras y basándose en un comportamiento regular revelado por los datos experimentales, se propone una nueva  interpretación ampliada del modelo de Bohr. Según éste, los electrones giran a una misma frecuencia mientras mantienen una posición angular relativa rígida entre sí, en el momento en que se espera que se produzca una resonancia electrónica entre posiciones simétricas en la estructura atómica. Como resultado, se obtiene una  separación angular independiente de Z de 106° para los iones similares al helio, con una de discrepancia energética inferior al 0,04 % en el intervalo Z ≤ 12. La simplicidad de la imagen atómica que emerge anima a utilizar el modelo como ayuda didactica en física moderna, química-física y otros cursos universitarios de ciencia e ingeniería.
Constructing Community Knowledge by Exploring a Group of High School Students’ Funds of Knowledge
Authors: Castillo Karol , Cárdenas Luz Dary , Lastra Sandra
Published: September 2023

This two-cycle action research explores how Colombian students from rural and urban areas construct community knowledge by exploring funds of knowledge using dialogue journals. Thirty-three seventh graders from an urban school participated in the first phase and 19 sixth graders from a rural school and 18 eighth graders from an urban school in the second phase. Data were gathered through journals, artifacts, audio recordings, narratives, focus groups, and interviews. Results revealed how students learned to see and re-signify their communities and territory by exploring the knowledge held by their families and community members. Then dialogue journals were valuable tools to verbalize and communicate their perceptions and understandings about their communities and funds of knowledge.
Termoquímica computacional: en la búsqueda de la precisión química
Authors: Buendía-Atencio Cristian , Gómez Heredia Aura Ximena , Parra Correa Darcy , Lorett Velásquez Vaneza Paola
Published: September 2023

Introducción: la termoquímica computacional es un campo de gran interés por sus diversas aplicaciones en diferentes campos de la química. En la actualidad, con el avance en el desarrollo de los supercomputadores se pueden emplear diversas metodologías que emplean cálculos de estructura electrónica para estimar valores termodinámicos con errores ~ 1,0 kcal/mol en comparación con los datos experi-mentales. Metodología: en este artículo se describen brevemente los principales métodos compuestos empleados en la termoquímica computacional como la serie de Petersson, los métodos Weizmann, el modelo HEAT y con especial énfasis en las teorías Gaussian-n. Aplicaciones: diversas aplicaciones de la termoquímica computacional se presentan en este trabajo tales como el estudio de la reactividad y las estabilidades de nuevos derivados de compuestos químicos con potencialidades como fármacos, estudios de contaminantes en la química de la atmosfera donde se estiman valores importantes de entalpias de formación sobre compuestos derivados del gas de efecto invernadero SF6, estudios de compuestos derivados del petróleo de potencial importancia como nuevos combustibles y el desarrollo de explosivos con estimaciones energéticas de las entalpias de disociación de enlace y de combustión de nuevos compuestos orgánicos. Conclusiones: la termoquímica computacional es una herramienta actual para resolver problemas de la química donde la experi-mentación es difícil y con un alto costo económico. Se espera en un futuro que esta área desarrolle nuevos métodos y códigos computacionales que permitan estudiar sistemas moleculares de gran tamaño importantes en otras áreas de las ciencias como la física, la biología, ciencias de los materiales, entre otros.
Aminoglycoside resistance in domestic sewage and clinical Escherichia coli isolates
Authors: De Oliveira Gomes Barbara , Lima William Gustavo , Vargas Farias Debora , Paiva Magna Cristina
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacillus, is found in diverse environmentsand causes several human diseases, such as pneumonia and urinary tractinfections. Aminoglycosides are antimicrobials that present high activity againstGram-negative species, including multidrug-resistant pathogens. However, theindiscriminate use of these compounds has selected resistant microorganisms, mainlydue to the production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AME). Material andmethods: The minimal inhibitory concentration of the aminoglycosides amikacin,gentamicin, and neomycin against clinical (CI, n = 52, only urinary) and domesticsewage (DS, n = 33) E. coli isolates was determined by the microdilution method,according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Thepresence of AMEs among E. coli isolates was determined based on the susceptibilityprofile to amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin, according to Manciniet al. (2019). Results: Overall, 33.3% of the DS isolates and 100% of the CIisolates presented mechanisms of resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, or neomycin.The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes-producing isolates (23/27, 85%)showed mechanisms of resistance to gentamicin and/or neomycin and resistanceto amikacin was simultaneously observed only in CI isolates. All DS isolates were considered wild-type-no AME, while APH (3’) (14/52) and AAC (3’) (10/52)enzymes were detected among CI isolates, one of which produces APH (3’) andAAC (6’)-I simultaneously. Conclusion: Resistance to aminoglycosides is presentamong E. coli isolates in Brazil, but to a lesser extent in environmental isolates.Besides, AMEs are frequent in CI isolates, and surveillance for antimicrobial resistanceshould be implemented to monitor aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli infections.
Enantiomeric characteristics of non-synthetic cannabidiol by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Ribeiro-Grijó Daniel , Olivo José Eduardo , Curty da Motta Lima Oswaldo
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD) has become a promising bioactive for the next decades after the recent recognition of the medical potential of Cannabis derivatives by United Nations member countries, as it has no psychotropic potential as your isomer ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC). The differentiation of these isomers has been studied for decades. Recent studies demonstrate that even with more subtle chemical characteristics, such as those of the CBD enantiomers, there are consider-able bioactive differences. However, there are still not many studies on their chemical structures. Aim: This work aims to present experimental data obtained by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to better elucidate the three-dimensional structure of this enantiomeric bioactive. Materials and methods: For this, a sample of non-synthetic high purity CBD was subjected to different one-dimensional (1D-NMR) and two-dimensional (2D-NMR) analyses related to the hydrogen (1H) and carbon (13C) nuclei. Results and discussion: The 1D-NMR techniques used are sufficient to distinguish the CBD and ∆9-THC isomers, but not to identify the enantiomeric characteristics of the non-synthetic CBD. Conclusions: It is concluded that the two-dimensional homonuclear (1H,1H) and heteronuclear (1H,13C) techniques analyzed are suitable to help distinguish CBD enantiomers.
Therapeutic potential of Punica granatum in wound healing: An overview
Authors: Fontoura Guilherme Martins Gomes , Rodrigues Liliane dos Santos , Reis Aramys Silva , Aparecida Berretta Andresa , Maciel Márcia Cristina Gonçalves
Published: September 2023

Objective: This review aim to report the results of the most recent research and applications of different extracts of P. granatum in the in vivo wound healing process. Methods:For the survey of articles in literature, a search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science) databases. Results: Punica granatum is a plant native to Iran and adjacent regions widely used worldwide as a food and medicinal source. Its healing property is closely linked to the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids, and its concentration in treatment formulations seems to be determinant for the acceleration of tissue repair, although few data on the standardization and stability of these formulations are available. Studies on experimental models were able to demonstrate the repair potential of P. granatum; however, human studies are still scarce. Conclusions: This contribution summarizes the use of P. granatum extracts in healing different types of lesions, emphasizing its effects on inflammatory, prolif-erative, and remodeling phases.
Impurezas elementales en las sustancias activas: una perspectiva general
Authors: Ortiz Lara Juan Carlos , Salvitano Domínguez Mayra Yanelly , Méndez Campos Edgar , Robles Salgado Paola Valeria
Published: September 2023

Las sustancias activas deben cumplir con altos requerimientos de calidad, para lograreste objetivo se debe cumplir con varios parámetros tales como un limitado contenidode impurezas. En esta tesitura se pueden mencionar diferentes tipos de impurezastales como orgánicas, inorgánicas, mutagénicas, disolventes residuales e impurezaselementales. La importancia de las impurezas es alta, principalmente porqueson tóxicas y pueden provocar efectos adversos en los pacientes por lo tanto se debenlimitar. Específicamente las impurezas elementales son residuos de elementos metálicosque pueden provenir de varias operaciones en el proceso de fabricación de unasustancia activa. Estos contaminantes se clasifican en la guía ICHQ3D en 4 gruposen función de su toxicidad y su presencia en una sustancia activa se explica por losprocesos de síntesis (materias primas, disolventes, agua) o por desgaste de los equiposproductivos (reactores, centrifugas, secadores, molinos). Para poder determinar lascantidades de estos compuestos los métodos analíticos son parte fundamental yaque deben ser lo suficientemente sensibles y específicos. Aunado a la parte analítica,la evaluación mediante un análisis de riesgo proporciona la información teórica delas potenciales impurezas metálicas presentes en una sustancia activa. Un caso deestudio ejemplifica este apartado. Otro aspecto de suma importancia es el controlde la presencia de las impurezas metálicas en los procesos sintéticos, por lo que teneruna visión general de los métodos de control es de capital importancia con objetoestablecer la estrategia adecuada, este apartado se ejemplifica con un caso reportadoen la literatura. Las tendencias generales de purificación de una sustancia activaproporcionan una perspectiva de los avances en este tema. En esta revisión se incluyeuna breve revisión de los tópicos previamente mencionados.
Análisis transversal de especies vegetales del sureste de México, en su uso para enfermedades cardiovasculares
Authors: Narez Mendoza Fimy Cristhel , Hernández Abreu Oswaldo
Published: September 2023

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son un grupo de trastornos que afectan el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. El desarrollo de las ECV está asociado a factores de riesgo tales como edad, la herencia genética, falta de actividad física, tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia. Por su alta prevalencia a nivel mundial, muchas personas recurren a las especies vegetales para tratar sus padecimientos relacionados con ECV, sin embargo, hay pocos documentos que contribuyan a relacionar los usos empíricos con investigación científica documentada. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica que permita hacer un análisis transversal entre el uso en la medicina tradicional y la validez científica de las especies usadas empíricamente en el tratamiento de las ECV. Metodología: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva en bases de datos internacionales de las especies usadas en la medicina tradicional del sureste de México para el tratamiento de padecimientos relacionados con ECV; búsqueda información del contenido metabólico y descripción de actividades farmacológicas, metodológica y estadísticamente documentadas y comprobadas. Resultados: se determinó que de un total de 20 especies vegetales sus principales usos son para la disminución de lípidos, hipertensión y prevención. Además, se integraron los estudios fitoquímicos y farmacológicos que sustentan y contribuyen con la investigación de productos naturales en la búsqueda de extractos y/o moléculas bioactivas. Conclusión: las especies vegetales representan una fuente de compuestos con potencial para el tratamiento de ECV. Es necesario que se continúe aportando estudios que puedan establecer nuevos tratamientos, que permitan actualizar el sector farmacéutico y de la salud.
Production of a phenolic-rich extract of aroeira honey and characterization of its antimicrobial, antitumoral and antioxidant activities
Authors: Lima William Gustavo , Rocha da Silva Santos Felipe , Oliveira de Faria Vinícius , Alves de Souza Nayara , De Souza-Costa Luiz Pedro , Sampaio de Assis Débora Cristina , da Cruz Nizer Waleska Stephanie , Siqueira Ferreira Jaqueline Maria , De Paiva Magna Cristina , Moreira Brito Júlio César
Published: September 2023

Objective: a phenolic-rich extract of Astronium urundeuva honey (PhEAH) wasproduced and its pharmacological proprieties were determined. Method: PhEAHwas prepared using a solid-phase extraction column. Next, antibacterial and antifungalactivities were evaluated by broth microdilution method and the antioxidanteffect was investigated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Urethralcatheter sensitized with PhEAH were produced and its anti-adhesive and anti-biofilmeffect determined. Finally, antitumoral and antiviral activities were studded using3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Results:PhEAH showed an elevated total phenol concentration (PhEAH: 18.7±0.4 mg GA/g vs. fresh honey: 0.99±0.005 mg GA/g). Although PhEAH did not show significantantifungal and antiviral effects, it was moderately active against Gram-negative bacilli(Klebsiella aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa andEnterobacter cloacae) and showed increased antibacterial activity against salmonellosispathogens (Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis). PhEAH-impregnatedurethral catheters inhibited the growth of various pathogenic bacteria andimpaired the ability of P. aeruginosa to colonize and adhere to it. In addition to its antimicrobialactivity, PhEAH presented antioxidant properties and reduced the viabilityof human glioblastoma cells. Conclusion: in conclusion, our study shows that PhEAHcontains large amounts of phenolic compounds, which are associated with its antibacterial,anti-adhesive, antioxidant, and antitumor effects.
Worse than hitting your child: A cross-cultural analysis of the mother-child relationship
Authors: Camargo Esperanza
Published: September 2023

Using the International Parenting Study (ips) questionnaire, this study measures the effects of abusive levels of maternal discipline on child-to-mother violence in a cross-cultural sample of 469 Colombian and American freshman-level college students. The ips assesses the respondents’ childhood relationship with their mother, their parents’ relationship toward each other, and their personality traits in adulthood. This instrument relies on the respondents’ memories of experiences that occurred around the age of 10 regarding maternal disciplinary practices, their mother’s reaction toward their misbehavior, parental domestic violence, and the child’s verbal abuse and physical violence toward their mother. The correlation between the respondents’ childhood experiences and their adult personality traits is also analyzed. The analysis shows similarities and differences between American and Colombian childrearing practices. For example, for most respondents, their mother was the most significant caretaker, and in comparison, to their father’s forms of discipline, maternal discipline was perceived as fair and producing positive effects. This study shows that Colombian mothers use corporal punishment to discipline their children more often than their American counterparts, but both American and Colombian mothers use corporal punishment and severe physical child abuse more often toward boys than girls. However, maternal psychological aggression, rather than maternal use of physical violence to discipline the child, is the strongest predictor of a child’s use of violence against the mother. This study contributes to the existent literature in that it provides support to cultural transmission through imitation and observation, learning, differential association, and power-control theories: that is, violent behavior is learned in the family, reinforced by attitudes favorable to that behavior, and transmitted from one generation to the next. The common use of violence by the mother (and her male partner) may become a “normal” pattern or way to interact with any or all family members. It also supports the hypothesis of the co-occurrence of various types of violence in a violent home, as domestic violence and child abuse. Finally, policy implications are discussed.
Reconocimiento de rutas biosintéticas para semioquímicos mediante técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina
Authors: Daza C Edgar Eduardo , Valencia-Colman Laura Sofía
Published: September 2023

En este trabajo consideramos 148 semioquímicos reportados para la familia Scarabaeidae, cuya estructura química fue caracterizada empleando un conjunto de 200 descriptores moleculares de cinco clases distintas. La selección de los descriptores más discriminantes se realizó con tres técnicas: análisis de componentes principales, por cada clase de descriptores, bosques aleatorios y Boruta-Shap, aplicados al total de descriptores. A pesar de que las tres técnicas son conceptualmente diferentes, seleccionan un número de descriptores similar de cada clase. Propusimos una combinación de técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina para buscar un patrón estructural en el conjunto de semioquímicos y posteriormente realizar la clasificación de estos. El patrón se estableció a partir de la alta pertenencia de un subconjunto de estos metabolitos a los grupos que fueron obtenidos por un método de agrupamiento basado en lógica difusa, C-means; el patrón descubierto corresponde a las rutas biosintéticas por las cuales se obtienen biológicamente. Esta primera clasificación se corroboró con el empleo de mapas autoorganizados de Kohonen. Para clasificar aquellos semioquímicos cuya pertenencia a una ruta no quedaba claramente definida, construimos dos modelos de perceptrones multicapa, los cuales tuvieron un desempeño aceptable.
Biological potentialities and chemical composition of Tarenaya aculeata roots and stems
Authors: Ferreira Duarte Bianca , Aguayo De Castro Thiago Luis , Sobrinho Ventura Arlene , Nogueira Cláudio Rodrigo , Lima Cardoso Claudia Andrea
Published: September 2023

Plant extracts are rich in secondary metabolites responsible for numerous biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and photoprotective potentials, toxicity and chemical composition of extracts and fractions of stems and roots of Tarenaya aculeata. Phytochemical analyses were performed at qualitative and quantitative levels to evaluate the classes of secondary metabolites. The sun protection factor (SPF) and antioxidant potentials were determined spectrophotometrically, the antibacterial activity was tested against seven bacteria and the toxicity was evaluated using Artemia salina assay. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and saponins. The levels of phenolic compounds, tannins and alkaloids, SPF and antioxidant potentials showed greater results in the stem (SF) and root (RF) fractions in relation to the stem (SE) and root (RE) extracts. All samples exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, with MIC values ​​ranging from 31.25 to 250 μg mL-1. SE, SF and RF caused mortality in A. salina larvae, with LC50 of 347.06, 34.71 and 85.39 μg mL-1, respectively, whereas RE was non-toxic. Thus, T. aculeata is rich in bioactive secondary metabolites, although further studies will be needed to characterize its chemical constituents and investigate their adverse effects.
Impacto de la educación virtual y del retorno total a clases presenciales en la salud mental de población pediátrica en pandemia y postpandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Piñeros-Ortiz Sandra Elizabeth , Hernández-Yasnó Marcelo Andrés , Escobar-Córdoba Franklin
Published: September 2023

En marzo de 2020 se ordenó el cierre de colegios y la implementación de la educación virtual en muchos países como una medida de control para desacelerar la propagación del SARS-CoV-2, lo que, junto con el distanciamiento social, representó una amenaza para la salud mental de población infantil y adolescente en edad escolar. En este contexto, el acceso a las tecnologías de la información fue un factor determinante para contrarrestar el aislamiento social y permitir la continuidad del rol escolar en esta población.
En este sentido, varios estudios han reportado que la suspensión de clases presenciales y el uso de la educación virtual como resultado de la pandemia por COVID-19 tuvieron efectos positivos y negativos en la salud mental de la población pediátrica, condicionados por factores individuales, familiares y socioeconómicos. Por otra parte, la reapertura de las instituciones educativas después de un periodo prolongado de distanciamiento social y restricciones de la movilidad humana representó, en términos de desarrollo y de salud mental, tanto una oportunidad como un desafío para los niños y adolescentes y sus familias.
Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar, por un lado, sobre el impacto diferencial que el cierre de escuelas y la implementación de la educación virtual durante la pandemia por COVID-19 tuvieron en el desarrollo y la salud mental de la población infantil y adolescente en edad escolar, y, por el otro, en los potenciales efectos del retorno a la educación presencial en estos mismos aspectos. Esperamos que los contenidos de esta reflexión sean útiles para orientar la implementación de acciones educativas y de cuidados en salud mental infantil en futuras pandemias.
Enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en gatos: una mirada molecular en ambientes urbanos de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Ríos–Usuga C. , Arias A. , Gómez D. , Pérez D. , Muñoz–Cadavid C. , Jaramillo–Delgado I. L.
Published: September 2023

Los patógenos transmitidos por vectores en gatos, son agentes infecciosos que varían desde nematodos, protozoos y bacterias. El presente estudio retrospectivo de las bases de datos de 1418 felinos donde se evaluaron 9 agentes hemotrópicos mediante qPCR en la ciudad de Medellín entre julio 2021 y marzo 2022, se evidencia una frecuencia del 70%, con un porcentaje de animales infectados con uno, dos, o tres agentes del 56%, 14%, y 2.3%, respectivamente. Con una frecuencia para cada agente de: Ricketssia spp. 0.21%, Babesia spp. 0.35%, Erlichia spp. 0.49%, Dirolifaria spp. 0.64%, Anaplasma spp 0.7%, Hepatozoon spp 5.4%, Mycoplasma spp 24.4% y Bartonella spp. 37.9%. Las coinfecciones evidenciadas de dos agentes hemotrópicos fueron: Bartonella spp. y Mycoplasma spp. 7.9%, Bartonella spp. y Hepatozoon spp. 2.1%, Mycoplasma spp. y Hepatozoon spp. 2% y Ehrlichia spp. y Anaplasma spp. 0.5%. De los 15 hemogramas de felinos infectados, 11 de ellos presentaron hemogramas sin alteraciones significativas.   Dos de los felinos positivos, evidencian anemia moderada y severa, y reticulocitos de 0.9% y 0.4%, respectivamente. Sólo un individuo positivo para Mycoplasma spp presentó trombocitopenia, y tres plaquetas en limites inferiores. Se concluye que la PCR es la prueba más confiable para el diagnóstico de hemotrópicos.
Space-time analysis of scientific research on Brosimum alicastrum Swartz
Authors: Espinosa-Grande Ezequiel , Santillán-Fernández Alberto , Chávez-Vergara Bruno Manuel , Vargas-Díaz Arely Anayansi , Tadeo-Noble Alfredo Esteban , Bautista-Ortega Jaime
Published: September 2023

Brosimum alicastrum is a forest species of broad natural distribution in southeastern Mexico, with high potential for animal and human diets, although with incipient forest management. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of basic and applied research where B. alicastrum was the object of study; through a bibliometric analysis of the texts available in the main editorial houses; to identify research areas that are not developed. In 308 texts found from 1883 to 2020, spatial-temporal evolution showed an exponential growth that concentrated the highest productivity from 2002 to 2020 (222 texts) in countries of the Americas. For the case of Mexico, it was found that the research was focused the southeast, which coincides with the natural distribution of the species. However, this research had a low impact (measured by the number of bibliographic citations) as a result of the publication in journals edited in Spanish, while impact journals are led by English-speaking countries, in English. Therefore, the research about B. alicastrum in Latin America has a broad margin of improvement through the publication of texts in English and in journals of greater impact, through the development of research areas that have been slightly explored such as silviculture of the species with special emphasis on its propagation, management in nursery, and forest plantations, which can contribute to food security in each country by ensuring the prime material of an emerging food agro-industry.
Sándor Petőfi es de todos: una reflexión a la hora de intentar traducir Nemzeti dal
Authors: Sánchez Alfonso Lombana , Lakatos-Báldy Zsuzsanna
Published: September 2023

The Hungarian writer Sándor Petőfi (1823–1849) achieved the union of the Hungarian people thanks to the verses of his National Song (Nemzeti dal), which have always been quoted and recited with great interest. Therefore, the following paper aims to analyse some problems with the poem's translation into Spanish and present a new version of this emblematic poem for the Hungarians.
Mikroglony najczęściej wykorzystywane w przemyśle rolno-spożywczym
Authors:   Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Chemii Środowiska i Hydrologii, Noga Teresa , Kochman-Kędziora Natalia ,   Zakład Ekologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Published: September 2023

Spirulina and chlorella are among the microalgae most commonly cultivated in aquaculture as well as used in the agriculture and food industry. Both algae are characterized by a high protein content (up to 60% chlorella and up to 70% spirulina), and also contain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and dyes. For this reason, and in connection with the current trend for healthy eating, products containing spirulina, chlorella or their extracts have become increasingly popular in recent years. These microalgae are commonly used as feed additives for various species of farm animals and in fish feeds, while their extracts are used e.g. as fertilizers in organic farming and biostimulators.
The possibility of greenhouse gas emissions reduction from the dairy cattle farms
Authors:   Department of Animals Production and Poultry Products Evaluation, University of Rzeszów, Topczewska Jadwiga , Krupa Wanda ,   Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Ormian Małgorzata ,   Department of Animals Production and Poultry Products Evaluation, University of Rzeszów, Lechowska Jadwiga ,   Department of Animals Production and Poultry Products Evaluation, University of Rzeszów
Published: September 2023

Dairy cattle have a significant share in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, due to the growing demand for milk and milk products, it is worth looking for solutions to effectively reduce the environmental impact of dairy farming. The article reviews the literature on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms through dietary interventions. Significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms can be achieved by optimizing dairy cattle and the use of various feed additives. Silvo-pastoralism systems are also important for their ecosystem services, including climate change mitigation.
Peculiarities of suction, extraction and assignment of calcium in experimental chronic hepatitis in rats
Authors: Mogilevskaya Tatiana , Makarenko Olga , Khromagina Larissa
Published: September 2023

The aim. Study the degree of absorption, assimilation, and excretion of calcium in rats with chronic toxic hepatitis.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on 1 month old Wistar rats. Toxic hepatitis in the experimental group was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of hydrazine sulfate at a dose of 50 mg / kg twice a week. Studies of the absorption of substances in rats were carried out under thiopental anesthesia according to the Tyri method after 3 months of pathology modelling. In the intestinal contents, the amount of unabsorbed calcium and amino acids was determined. To determine the amount of assimilated and excreted calcium metabolic chambers were used for daily collection of urine, faeces and food residues, in which the calcium content was determined (average for three days per animal). After removing the rats from the experiment, the level of calcium in the blood serum was determined, in the bone tissue – the degree of its resorption by the activity of acid phosphatase and the content of calcium.

Results and discussion. Toxic hepatitis reduced calcium absorption by 34.5 % in the small intestine of rats and did not have a significant effect on amino acids, the inhibition of absorption of which in hepatitis was only 5.5 %. The excretion of calcium in the urine of rats with toxic hepatitis was reduced by 1.8 times, and with faeces, on the contrary, increased by 1.5 times. As a result, calcium absorption in rats with hepatitis decreased by 24.2 %. Decreased absorption of calcium, and its increased excretion in the faeces, led to a decrease in the level of this element in the blood of animals with hepatitis by 14.7 %. Our studies found bone destruction in rats with hepatitis: an increase in bone acid phosphatase activity by 65.3 % and a decrease in calcium levels by 15.5 %.

Conclusion. The triggering mechanism for the development of hepatic osteodystrophy is the inhibition of calcium absorption in the small intestine of rats with hepatitis, consequently - a decrease in its absorption and level in the blood, which ultimately leads to the activation of bone resorption. The established patterns will form the basis of the pathogenetic scheme for the prevention of hepatic osteodystrophy
Study of temperature changes in mineral fertiliser granules after contact with air in a granulation tower
Authors: Nadhem Al-Khyatt Muhamad , Sklabinskyi Vsevolod , Ostroha Ruslan , Skydanenko Maksym , Yukhymenko Mykola , Bocko Jozef , Ostroha Denys , Zabitsky Dmitry , Moskalchuk Oleksii , Serhiienko Andrii
Published: September 2023

The object of research is the process of granulation of nitrogen mineral fertilizers by the method of sprinkling. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of certainty regarding the dynamics of the temperature change of the granule when it is cooled by air in the granulation tower. The paper considers the process of urea granulation using a rotating vibrating granulator. The scheme of the rotating vibrating granulator as part of the experimental stand for granulating liquid urea is presented, the method of conducting experimental studies and the design parameters of the granulator are described. It is indicated that in the process of experimental research, the temperatures of the melt, granules and cooling air were recorded. It is emphasized that the contact of the cooling air with the flow of hot granules leads to a constant increase in air temperature due to the heat transferred from the granules, which makes it necessary to determine the final temperature of the air leaving the granulation tower. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed and calculation equations were obtained to determine the temperature of the air in contact with the surface of the pellet and the temperature profile inside the pellet. Numerical calculations of the calculation equations made it possible to obtain temperature profiles of the granule along its radius. It is emphasized that the theoretically obtained temperature profile cannot be an accurate indicator of the real temperature of the pellet when it falls in the granulation tower. Analysis of the calculated results shows that the temperature of the granules in the lower part of the granulation tower is 60–62 °C. This temperature corresponds to the practically confirmed final temperature of the granule, which was measured on the experimental stand.
Some aspects of reproductive biology of gangetic ailia, \(\textit{Ailia coila}\) (Hamilton, 1822) in Bangladesh
Authors: David Rintu Das  , Mithun Mahmudul Hasan , Md. Moniruzzaman  , Yahia Mahmud
Published: September 2023

The present study was conducted by Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Floodplain Sub-station to investigate the reproductive biology of Ailia coila in the northern region of Bangladesh. A total number of 100 fish samples were collected on a monthly basis from the Atrai River and Jamuna River during the period from January 2022 to December 2022. The highest mean value of the gonado-somatic index (GSI) was recorded in July (8.78 ± 1.95%), whereas the lowest was found in December (0.15 ± 0.09%). The highest individual fecundity (2,450 ± 570) and ova diameter (0.38 ± 0.07 mm) was also observed in July. From the histological observation of the ovary, the highest percentages (75%) of mature oocytes were observed during the month of July. Based on the GSI, fecundity and gonadal histology, the breeding season of A. coila was observed from June to August with a remarkable peak in July. In the case of length weight relationship (LWR), the coefficient of determination value (r2) was found 0.96 and the slope was found b = 1.50 which indicated the pattern of negative allometric growth of this species as b < 3. In contrast, an increase was recorded in the fecundity associated with the rise of total length, body weight and gonad weight showed a significant linear relationship. This study would assist in the development of induced breeding techniques and provide valuable information for the sustainable management of this population in the inland open ecosystem.
Benthic habitat mapping and assessment of seagrass species diversity in Da Lon Reef, Truong Sa Islands, Vietnam, using very high-resolution satellite imagery and in situ data
Authors: Dang Nguyen Hoi , Trung Ngo Dung , Viet Vu Dung
Published: September 2023

Benthic habitats are critical in shallow sea areas; they regulate the diversity and richness of organisms in each area. Mapping benthic habitats elucidates natural sea characteristics and aids in managing and using natural resources, as well as conserving marine biodiversity. This study established a benthic habitat map for the Da Lon Reef area, Truong Sa Islands, Vietnam, using Pléiades high-resolution remote sensing imaging materials and field survey results from 2020 and 2021. We identified seven classes of benthic habitats with a 91.64% overall accuracy, corresponding to a Kappa coefficient of 0.88. In the Da Lon Reef, seagrass biomes occupy a large area (more than 200 ha) and are distributed mainly inside lagoons at depths of 2–6 m. The field survey results identified five seagrass species and the biodiversity and biomass of seagrass populations in the lagoon of Da Lon Reef. The study results confirm the fundamental value of resources, biodiversity in general and seagrass in particular, in managing and protecting shallow sea ecosystems and biodiversity conservation in the Da Lon Reef area, an important part of the Truong Sa Islands, Vietnam.
Karol Wojtyla’s Efforts and Contemporary Attitudes towards Parenthood. Success or Failure
Authors: Dudziak Urszula
Published: September 2023

Not only during the period of his Pontificate, but also during previous years, the activity of Karol Wojtyła is worth recalling, appreciating and internalizing, and his preached and written teaching on responsible parenthood should be put into practice. The teaching about man, love, marriage, and parenthood is still relevant today. However, there are both those who support them as well as those who oppose them, particularly, opponents who avoid moral principles, especially in the field of the transmission of life. Therefore, a question arises about the effects of Cardinal Wojtyła’s efforts to protect the dignity of a child and a woman – mother, as well as morality in the area of procreation. The victory of the truth, visible in the encyclical Humanae vitae promulgated by Paul VI, is a success, while the spread of demoralization experienced to this day by groups promoting abortion and contraception and especially the poor moral condition of future spouses and parents, creates new challenges.
Cardinal Stanislaw Nagy’s Ecumenical Ecclesiology
Authors: Napiórkowski Andrzej
Published: September 2023

The systematic theology of the 20th and 21st centuries has experienced revolutionary changes. The tremendous effort of theologians – which was already evident on the eve of Vatican II to experience order and confirmation during its deliberations – is still bearing fruit today. It seems that interpretations of the Council’s teaching have now become more problematic than the doctrine of Vatican II itself.

One of the great figures of the theological world is Prof. Stanislaw Nagy, whose create efforts were honoured with a cardinalate, and to whom we are all indebted. Indeed, it is worth discovering his difficult path from the pre-council rigorous spiritual and intellectual formation to formal apologetics, thus paving the way for fundamental theology in Poland during the Communist period, to the ecumenical commitment of the times of freedom. In this respect, it is not without reason to speak of his ecumenical vision of the Church.
Letters to Vygotsky: Thinking about the Cultural-Historical Psychology in the Contemporary Clinic
Authors: Belém Lima Ana , Anauate Carla , Da Silva Oliveira Neto José
Published: September 2023

This article aims to make a tribute to Lev Semenovich Vygotsky and his contributions to Cultural-Historical Psychology in the contemporary psychological clinic. In order to build these reflections, we chose the letter format, considering that Vygotsky, a lover of literature, shared his theory with his students, collaborators and co-workers through letters as well. We understand that psychological clinic has always been one of Vygotsky’s interests, which has been expressed, for example, in the construction of the pedology and the defectology. Although Lev Vygotsky was not a psychotherapist in the models we know today, we identified that his concepts such as mediation, learning, and zone of proximal development among others can contribute significantly to the work in the psychotherapy field. With affection, we realize that Cultural-Historical Psychology is a current theory and presents itself as a great power in the field of psychotherapy. We suggest that clinical investigations should be done in this promising field.