bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychomécanique et évolution de signifiant : le cas du coordonnant négatif à l'aube du français moderne
Authors: Badiou-Monferran Claire
Published: April 2013

Claire Badiou-Nonferran : Psychomechanics and evolution of significants : the case of negative coordinating conjunction in early modem French.

This paper questions the relevance of psychomechanical descriptions in diachonical linguistics. In particular, it wonders if psychomechanics is able to explain the evolution of significants : that is to say, in the case of negative coordinating, the change from ne (the etymological form) to ni (a form which appeared in thirteenth century and replaced defmitely ne during the seventeenth century).

Regarding this subject, psychomechanical specialists assume that the hypothesis of "one morphologized phonem" (in technical use of psychomechanics "un formant") [no labialized e / 1] (which can also be found in the couple se/si indicating hypothesis), is able to explain the distribution of ne/ni in early and middle French ; they also assume that this hypothesis is able to explain the over ail change from ne to ni in the history of French language. This paper demonstrates that on the other hand, the psychomechanical hypothesis does not fully explain the last phase of the competition between ne and ni during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. For this last phase of variation, this paper proposes a description which maintains the psychosemiological hypothesis of the psychomechanical theory only at the cost of a number of modifications of the theory.
La substantivation de l'infinitif en ancien français : aperçu et perspectives
Authors: Buridant Claude
Published: April 2013

Claude Buridant : The substantivation ofthe infmitive in Old French.

In the first part ofthe article the infmitive is characterized in the whole verbal system and the generai theoretical parameters of this substantivation are brought out. Afterthis restatement the study is devoted to the substantivation of this mood and his fundamental characteristics in Old French, that is the possibility to have a complementation. A distinction is made between essential and accidentai substantivated infinitives. The first are characterized by morphological, syntactical and semantical criteria and seem restricted to fundamental zones of the human activities. The second, facultative, can have the characterization and complementation ofthe substantive and ofthe verb at one and the same time. They often are favoured by some conditions (use of the preposition de, verbal constructions, use of sanz point de) and express ail the functions of a noun. They often occurs as a synthetical form of thematization (condensed anaphoric recapitulation or cataphoric thematization) and as a preferential process of abstraction in the courtly and allegorie style ofthe 1 3th century. These possibilities and the range of these uses are more and more limited in the evolution, where French diverges in his typology ofthe other romance languages, and specially on and after the classical period, but the substantivation ofthe infmitive rises again actually - without complementation - in usingthe resources always available ofthe mood.
Du rapport d’autorité et de domination entre évêques et moines à Byzance (8e-11e siècles)
Authors: Moulet Benjamin
Published: April 2013

Les relations entre le corps épiscopal et le monde monastique, depuis l’iconoclasme jusque dans les premières décennies du 11e siècle, ne peuvent être résumées à un simple rapport de domination et de rivalité permanente : les collaborations sont nombreuses, même si ces deux groupes sociaux cherchent à affirmer leur autorité. Cette étude s’intéressera à quatre aspects de ces relations : les carrières ecclésiastiques des évêques dont beaucoup vécurent avant leur ordination une période d’ascèse monastique, la soumission des moines au pouvoir épiscopal, l’inversion du rapport d’autorité au profit des moines, enfin le contrôle du sacré que se disputent ces deux groupes afin de garantir leur domination au sein de l’Église et de la société byzantines.
Théodôra Palaiologina Philanthrôpènè et son lignage du 13e au 15e siècle
Authors: Estangüi Gómez Raúl
Published: April 2013

Theodora Palaiologina Philanthropene is the author of a document of donation in favour of the athonite monastery of Philotheou dated in 1376 (Philotheou no. 6). By this latter theodora granted the monks an inherited estate situated in the region of Serrai. Through her relation to the imperial dynasty, this woman belonged to the highest aristocracy of the empire, though the nature of this relation has been obscured by complexity of vocabulary. Evidence found in an unedited document in the archives of Vatopedi now allows us to define more precisely the meaning of terms such as pappos, normally translated as grandfather or ancestor, but which can also mean great-uncle. This new interpretation enables us to reconstruct Theodora’s relation to the imperial family.
Le Testament de Théodore Stoudite est-il de Théodore ?
Authors: Delouis Olivier
Published: April 2013

The Testament of Theodore Studites (759-821) played a great role in Greek monasticism (BhG 1759). However, a careful analysis reveals that the text is made of various pieces written by theodore at different moments of time, and that these pieces have probably been put together after his death, when Theodore’s followers were concerned about organizing his legacy. Naukratios, head of the studite monks from 821 to 869, must have played a key role in this process. For the sake of the demonstration, the following elements are examined : the structure of Testament itself, parallels with Naukratios’ encyclica, biographical details as they appear in theodore’s Catecheseis, as well as the manuscript context in which the Testament has been preserved. a critical edition of the text will follow in another issue of this journal.
La conception de la sainteté dans l’oeuvre hagiographique de Syméon le Métaphraste
Authors: Vasiljević Maxime
Published: April 2013

Alors que les recherches réalisées jusqu’à présent sur l’oeuvre de Syméon le métaphraste sont marquées par une approche philologique, historique ou hagiographique, la présente étude s’intéresse plutôt aux bases théologiques fondamentales de cet hagiographe byzantin, le plus connu du 10e siècle. À partir des prologues des vies de saints attribués à Syméon (en tout 148 textes) et dans la ligne de la tradition théologique des Pères de l’Église orthodoxe (Grégoire le théologien, Denys l’aréopagite, maxime le confesseur, Jean damascène, etc.), l’auteur dégage les loci theologici qui y sont mis en avant selon les types de saints : éléments clefs de la théologie trinitaire, christologie et sotériologie chez les apôtres, place prépondérante des sujets sotériologiques chez les ascètes.
Antichresis in Byzantine law
Authors: Papadatou Daphne
Published: April 2013

In the practice of antichresis the debtor conceded to his creditor the right to exploit his property in lieu of payment of interest. Antichresis survived into the Byzantine era, despite the hostility of the church to interest-bearing loans. Justinian recognized the validity of antichresis in regard to the liquidation of church debts, as this form of settlement ensured the inalienability of church property. The same emperor abolished a form of antichresis

also known in hellenistic law, in which a debt could be repaid through the labour which the offspring of the original debtor rendered to the creditor (paramonè). the measures taken by the emperors in the post-Justinian period, which were associated with the practice of antichresis, all tended to the protection of small landowners ; and this was because through the concession of farmland by antichresis the lenders-large landowners steadily absorbed the smallholdings of their impoverished debtors.
Les biens de Xénophon à Lemnos au 15e siècle
Authors: Kravari Vassiliki
Published: April 2013

In the Byzantine period the monastery of Xenophon possessed estates on Lemnos which are mentioned in documents preserved in the archives of other athonite monasteries. An unedited document at St Paul from 1443 tells us that xenophon rented to St Paul its metochion on Lemnos with all its property, which was probably lost before the ottoman conquest of the island.
Apollon et l'esprit dans la Machine
Authors: Dowden Ken
Published: April 2013

D'après Meuli et Dodds la doctrine grecque de l'âme remonterait aux chamans archaïques grecs qui auraient appris leurs pouvoirs des Scythes. Mais les personnes et mythes chamaniques, tout comme Apollon, dieu d'Aristée, semblent plutôt indiquer l'Ionie du VIIIe siècle. Les ioniens doivent, peut-être, quelques éléments, surtout la prophétie extatique, au monde sémite. Mais le chamanisme et plusieurs détails des voyages extatiques (Hyperboréens et Leucé y inclus) sont originaires de l'Inde.
La réunification d'Athènes en 281 et les deux archontes Nicias
Authors: Gauthier Philippe
Published: April 2013

L'analyse des textes épigraphiques postérieurs au soulèvement d'Athènes contre Démétrios Poliorcète permet de situer la réunification de la ville et du Pirée au printemps 281. Les mentions de l'archonte Nicias usléros peuvent ou doivent se rapporter à l'archonte de 282/1, et non à celui de 296/5 ; dès lors, elles ne seraient pas à mettre en relation avec un soi-disant coup d'État de Lacharès, mais avec le renouvellement du Conseil consécutif à la réunification de la cité.
Deux témoignages de Philodème sur Aristote
Authors: Moraux Paul
Published: April 2013

Le premier texte étudié, tiré du περὶ οἰκονομίας, a trait au περί πλούτου d'Aristote. La portée exacte des reproches que Philodème, s'appuyant sur Métrodore, adresse à Aristote, n'apparaît que si l'on tient compte du contexte dans lequel est attaqué le περὶ πλούτου. Aristote aurait dû commencer par préciser la notion de bon homme d'affaires, puis se demander ensuite si cette notion peut être prédiquée du sage. Au lieu de cela, il s'est contenté d'argumenter à partir de conceptions courantes et non vérifiées philosophiquement. Le second texte, que personne encore ne semble avoir étudié, se trouve dans la Rhétorique. Philodème y rapporte une boutade qu'Aristote aurait adressée au rhéteur Anaximène, auteur d'un Éloge d'Athéna. Il semble probable que l'anecdote remonte en réalité à un dialogue d'Aristote, et plus précisément au Gryllos, qui devait être consacré en grande partie à l'éloquence épidictique. Dans les pages que Philodème consacre à ce genre littéraire, les réminiscences du Gryllos sont sans doute plus nombreuses qu'il n'apparaît à première vue.
Les processus d'élaboration des normes comptables : proposition d'un cadre d'étude
Authors: Chantiri-Chaudemanche Rouba
Published: April 2013

Cet article a pour objet la présentation d’une approche originale pour étudier les processus d’élaboration des normes comptables, approche mise au point à partir de l’analyse comparée de deux processus particuliers. Le cadre proposé repose sur une compréhension du phénomène comme processus de décision publique et sur une grille de critères jugés significatifs pour caractériser les processus d’élaboration des normes comptables. Après une présentation du cadre et de ses fondements, sont exposés les résultats de son application à l’étude des deux processus particuliers considérés, à savoir une compréhension plus fine de certains aspects des processus d’élaboration des normes en général et une version enrichie de la grille de critères.
Johannes ou la volonté de comprendre
Authors: Fronda Yannick , Moriceau Jean-Luc
Published: April 2013

Nous suivrons ici l’évolution de la pensée et des sentiments d’un jeune chercheur en gestion qui se débat avec des interrogations épistémologiques et méthodologiques pour construire une démarche de recherche ad hoc. Ces questions inquiéteront ses certitudes d’étape, mais ne lui feront jamais oublier son exigence pour la validité et l’authenticité de l’enquête. Appelant à la rescousse des personnes plus expérimentées que lui, il ne trouvera pas auprès d’elles une solution générale, seulement une aide pour façonner sa propre réponse, sincère et adaptée à la problématique. Dans cette construction, les partis pris de Johannes ne seront pas totalement assurés ; ils seront personnels et tentatifs. Ils illustreront une conception possible de la recherche, où la méthodologie ne se résume pas au suivi d’une méthode, mais bien au débat sur la méthode. La recherche ne visera ainsi pas seulement la réponse à une question, mais surtout un questionnement sur la question.
L'impact des choix méthodologiques de recherche sur l'idéologie de l'audit financier
Authors: Herrbach Olivier
Published: April 2013

L’utilisation d’une approche positive ou interprétative a des conséquences sur la nature et les résultats des recherches menées sur la pratique de l’audit financier. L’article montre comment les recherches interprétatives mettent en évidence la dimension affective et sociale du jugement d’audit que les recherches positives tendent à ignorer. Les perspectives différentes qui émergent des deux approches ont des conséquences idéologiques pour la profession comptable et questionnent le rôle des chercheurs en comptabilité.
L'expérimentation de laboratoire en sciences de gestion
Authors: Lesage Cédric
Published: April 2013

La complexité propre de l’objet des sciences de gestion a toujours conféré à l’expérimentation de laboratoire une place mineure. Or, le développement de l’économie expérimentale suggère une vote que nous adaptons aux sciences de gestion dans un cadre tant épistémologique qu’opérationnel. Nous en illustrons l’avantage sur une problématique expérimentale réelle.
Perspectives pour la recherche sur les déterminants de l'offre d'information des entreprises
Authors: Michaïlesco Céline
Published: April 2013

La recherche sur les déterminants de l’offre d’information des entreprises souffre de nombreuses limites inhérentes aux méthodes quantitatives utilisées qui répondent à une problématique positiviste. La validation statistique traditionnelle des déterminants simplifie le processus de communication sous-jacent et sa dynamique. S’attacher à l’étude de ce processus en adoptant une approche intégrée offre l’opportunité d’aborder d’autres questionnements concernant la communication comptable. Ce qui ouvre à de nouvelles démarches méthodologiques riches de perspectives.
La recherche comptable entre contingences et universalité : l'exemple de la mesure comptable des marques
Authors: Walliser Élisabeth
Published: April 2013

L’objectif de cet article est d’illustrer, à travers l’exemple de la mesure comptable des marques, la spécificité que peut représenter une recherche en comptabilité, tant dans sa problématique que dans sa méthodologie.
L'étude de cas : réflexions méthodologiques pour une meilleure compréhension du rôle de la comptabilité financière dans le gouvernement d'entreprise
Authors: Wirtz Peter
Published: April 2013

Cet article étudie les conditions, dans lesquelles les études de cas sont une méthode empirique particulièrement appropriée. D’un point de vue méthodologique, le critère central est celui de la nature de la problématique de recherche et du cadre conceptuel choisi. Une modélisation dynamique du lien entre comptabilité et gouvernement des entreprises, tenant compte de l’interaction entre stratégie du dirigeant et contraintes de l’espace discrétionnaire, est difficile à tester par d’autres méthodes que les études de cas. Ces dernières remplissent alors potentiellement une fonction importante au sein du processus scientifique. Nous montrons, par ailleurs, qu’il est prudent de prévoir des instances de contrôle, afin d’augmenter la validité de cette méthode.
Recherche prescriptive et contrôle de gestion : une illustration d'enjeux méthodologiques
Authors: Zarlowski Philippe
Published: April 2013

En dépit de leur portée potentielle pour ta gestion des entreprises, les démarches de recherche prescriptives sont peu fréquentes en contrôle de gestion. Les problèmes méthodologiques que pose la réalisation d’une quasi-expérimentation constituent une explication possible à cette situation. Dans cet article, nous présentons un cadre méthodologique alternatif, susceptible d’être mobilisé lorsque les conditions du contexte empirique de la recherche ne peuvent pas être contrôlées. La démarche sera illustrée à partir de la recherche que nous avons menée sur les conditions de mise en œuvre de dispositifs de contrôle fondés sur une notion de valeur économique.
Fin de vie : débat pour la société, débat pour la personne
Authors: Beaufils François
Published: April 2013

Avec l’allongement de l’espérance de vie, les problématiques de la fin de vie – et notamment celles du long vivre et du long mourir – ouvrent pour aujourd’hui et pour demain des questions essentielles, qui débordent largement la discussion sur l’euthanasie. Elles interpellent notre humanité en profondeur : peut-on prétendre y répondre par un simple article de loi ?
La fin de vie en France
Authors: Verspieren Patrick
Published: April 2013

Le 18 décembre 2012, six mois après en avoir reçu la demande, le Professeur Didier Sicard remettait au Président de la République un rapport intitulé « Penser solidairement la fin de vie ». Patrick Verspieren propose ici une analyse approfondie de cet ouvrage complexe : il fallait bien son recul et son expérience des enjeux de la fin de vie pour en appréhender les richesses… et les ambiguïtés.
« Mourir dans la dignité » ?
Authors: Desgranges Odile
Published: April 2013

La dépénalisation éventuelle de l’euthanasie ou du suicide assisté soulève la question de notre rapport à la mort, tant individuel que collectif, et aussi celle de notre rapport à la vie : à quelle conception de la dignité nous référons-nous ? Quelle liberté désirons-nous ? Et quel vivre ensemble ?
La législation sur l'euthanasie aux Pays-Bas et en Belgique : un train peut en cacher un autre
Authors: Judo Frank
Published: April 2013

Après quinze à vingt ans de pratique, quels enseignements retirer des expériences belge et néerlandaise de dépénalisation de l’euthanasie ? Si les deux législations comportaient au départ des différences de forme non négligeables, leurs mises en œuvre respectives semblent avoir connu une évolution similaire – en particulier une extension des cas d’application de la loi et une distanciation vis-à-vis des critères définis par elle, rendues plus faciles par l’absence d’un contrôle rigoureux.
Women of Ireland, from economic prosperity to austere times: who cares?
Authors: Da Col Richert Marie-Jeanne
Published: April 2013

Economic prosperity during the Celtic Tiger stimulated the development of the job market, and drew migrants to Ireland especially from EU countries. Relationships between Irishwomen and female migrants in employment sectors reflected new social tensions and inequalities, both in the public and in the private spheres.
Gender and Electoral Representation in Ireland
Authors: McGing Claire , White Timothy J.
Published: April 2013

This article reviews the historic and contemporary challenges to women’s electoral representation in Ireland. After summarizing the cultural and institutional obstacles to greater female representation, this article analyzes candidate selection, especially in relation to the 2011 Irish General Election, a process that appears to be the significant hurdle preventing more women from attaining elected office. It also discusses the proposed legislation that uses quotas to ensure the major political parties in Ireland nominate initially at least 30 per cent of their candidates to be women. It is hoped that this measure will redress the historic and chronic underrepresentation of women in Irish electoral politics.
The condition of female laundry workers in Ireland 1922-1996: A case of labour camps on trial
Authors: Urban Eva
Published: April 2013

This paper examines the class dimension of the unresolved issue of the unlawful detention of women as unpaid workers in Ireland’s Magdalene Laundries between 1922 and 1996 within the context of a Marxist-feminist critique of current postfeminist concepts. The analysis highlights the social and political failure of Irish society and the Irish government to engage fully with their historical responsibility for unlawful labour camps operating in the state within this time period, and focuses on the breeches of human rights effected by the very existence of these institutions. In Ireland, a particular danger is attached to replacing feminist discourse with a concept such as post-feminism that aims to render the former obsolete, because a complete historical analysis and understanding of gender issues has by no means been completed. In 2011 one of the most pressing unresolved social issues of importance in Ireland, not only from a feminist perspective, but also from a general social justice and worker’s rights perspective, still remains the case of the unpaid female workers in the labour camps known as Magdalene Laundries.
Women’s art in Ireland and Poland 1970-2010: Experiencing and Experimenting on the Female Body
Authors: Morisson Valérie
Published: April 2013

In Poland through the 1970s alternative spaces enabled the flourishing of a feminist artistic avant-garde. In Ireland, in the 1970s and 1980s the artists were primarily concerned with the Troubles, the persistence of cultural nationalism and its impact on their identities. In both countries, the 1990s were a time of heated discussions, putting the female body in the limelight: as the Church took on a considerable role in the debates over abortion, contraception, and divorce, feminist artists addressed the denial of the corporeality of the women’s body and took over its representation. The Europeanization and secularization of the two countries spurred these artists to evoke sexuality more openly and to challenge the perceptions of femininity and womanhood.
“Nobody Knows What Is in Them until They Are Broke up”: Medbh McGuckian’s Feminist Poetry
Authors: Alcobia-Murphy Shane
Published: April 2013

This article argues that Medbh McGuckian’s oeuvre is profoundly concerned with matters of female identity in ways that mark it out as feminist. Her historical gaze lays bare the essentialist, gendered rhetoric used within patriarchal culture which renders women as marginal, submissive and disempowered. In poems which borrow from texts as diverse as source books on women’s culture in Renaissance Italy and sociological studies of women’s housework, McGuckian investigates masculinist ideologies that have controlled and defined women’s bodies and behaviour throughout the ages.
Representations of Madness in Irish Society in the Drama of BrianFriel
Authors: Kennedy Michelle
Published: April 2013

Through a study of female mentally ill characters in the drama of Brian Friel, this article explores the links between gender, societal pressures and repression which dominate the attitude towards mental illness in an Irish context. By exploring characters through the lens of theorists such as Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault and Martin Heidegger, the way in which psychiatry, coupled with an Irish identification with Catholic guilt, served as a means of social control in the twentieth century can be unveiled.
Éilís Ní Dhuibhne : féminisme et stratégies d’indirection
Authors: Dessaint-Payard Chantal
Published: April 2013

A partir d’une analyse des romans et des nouvelles d’Éilís Ní Dhuibhne, cet article étudie les stratégies employées par l’auteure pour interroger la situation des femmes dans la société irlandaise contemporaine. Évitant une prise de position trop militante, Ní Dhuibhne démontre une préférence pour des stratégies plus indirectes telles l’ironie et l’autodérision, ainsi que le conte traditionnel. Mariant esthétique postmoderne et traditions orales, elle crée ainsi un nouvel espace au sein duquel un discours post-féministe peut être présenté.
Contemporary Caitlín: Gender and Society in Celtic Tiger Popular Fiction
Authors: Gunne Sorcha
Published: April 2013

This article explores the ways in which the traditional trope of Cathleen Ni Houlihan continues to haunt some contemporary Irish women’s novels. Focusing on recent “chick lit”, the fraught relations between gender and nationalism are analysed with a view to questioning the very possibility of embracing “post-feminism’’ in a context in which some women’s literature, far from challenging the patriarchal and capitalist status quo, actually perpetuates it.
Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Selectively Inhibits TLR2 Ligand–Induced IL-12 Production in Monocytes/Macrophages by Interfering with JNK Activation
Authors: Wang Sen , Chen Zhiao , Hu Conghua , Qian Fangxing , Cheng Yuming , Wu Min , Shi Bisheng , Chen Jieliang , Hu Yunwen , Yuan Zhenghong
Published: April 2013

It is widely accepted that chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the result of an ineffective antiviral immune response against HBV infection. Our previous study found that the hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) was related to decreased cytokine production induced by the TLR2 ligand (Pam3csk4) in PBMCs from chronic hepatitis B patients. In this study, we further explored the mechanism involved in the inhibitory effect of HBsAg on the TLR2 signaling pathway. The results showed that both Pam3csk4-triggered IL-12p40 mRNA expression and IL-12 production in PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophage were inhibited by HBsAg in a dose-dependent manner, but the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α was not influenced. The Pam3csk4-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling were further examined. The phosphorylation of JNK-1/2 and c-Jun was impaired in the presence of HBsAg, whereas the degradation of IκB-α, the nuclear translocation of p65, and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK-1/2 were not affected. Moreover, the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation and IL-12 production in response to Pam3csk was observed in HBsAg-treated monocytes/macrophages (M/MΦs) from the healthy donors and the PBMCs and CD14-positive M/MΦs from chronic hepatitis B patients. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HBsAg selectively inhibits Pam3csk4- stimulated IL-12 production in M/MΦs by blocking the JNK–MAPK pathway and provide a mechanism by which HBV evades immunity and maintains its persistence.
Cannabinoid 1 Receptors in Keratinocytes Modulate Proinflammatory Chemokine Secretion and Attenuate Contact Allergic Inflammation
Authors: Gaffal Evelyn , Cron Mira , Glodde Nicole , Bald Tobias , Kuner Rohini , Zimmer Andreas , Lutz Beat , Tüting Thomas
Published: April 2013

Epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) and cannabinoid (CB) receptors both participate in the regulation of inflammatory responses in a mouse model for allergic contact dermatitis, the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to the obligate sensitizer 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. In this study, we investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms how CB1 receptors attenuate CHS responses to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. We used a conditional gene-targeting approach to identify the relative contribution of CB1 receptors on epidermal KCs for the control of CHS responses. To determine the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate inflammatory responses in the effector phase of CHS, we performed further investigations on inflamed ear tissue and primary KC cultures using morphologic, molecular, and immunologic methods. Mice with a KC-specific deletion of CB1 receptors developed increased and prolonged CHS responses. These were associated with enhanced reactive epidermal acanthosis and inflammatory KC hyperproliferation in the effector phase of CHS. In vitro, primary cultures of CB1 receptor–deficient KC released increased amounts of CXCL10 and CCL8 after stimulation with IFN-γ compared with controls. In vivo, contact allergic ear tissue of CB1 receptor–deficient KCs showed enhanced expression of CXCL10 and CCL8 compared with controls. Further investigations established CCL8 as a proinflammatory chemokine regulated by CB1 receptors that promotes immune cell recruitment to allergen-challenged skin. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CB1 receptors are functionally expressed by KCs in vivo and help to limit the secretion of proinflammatory chemokines that regulate T cell–dependent inflammation in the effector phase of CHS.
Identification of B Cell Defects Using Age-Defined Reference Ranges for In Vivo and In Vitro B Cell Differentiation
Authors: aan de Kerk Daan J. , Jansen Machiel H. , ten Berge Ineke J. M. , van Leeuwen Ester M. M. , Kuijpers Taco W.
Published: April 2013

Primary immunodeficiencies consist to a large extent of B cell defects, as indicated by inadequate Ab levels or response upon immunization. Many B cell defects have not yet been well characterized. Our objective was to create reliable in vivo and in vitro assays to routinely analyze human B cell differentiation, proliferation, and Ig production and to define reference ranges for different age categories. The in vitro assays were applied to classify the developmental and/or functional B cell defects in patients previously diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency. Apart from standard immunophenotyping of circulating human B cell subsets, an in vitro CFSE dilution assay was used for the assessment of proliferative capacity comparing T cell–dependent and T cell–independent B cell activation. Plasmablast/plasma cell differentiation was assessed by staining for CD20, CD38, and CD138, and measurement of in vitro Ig secretion. At young age, B cells proliferate upon in vitro activation, but neither differentiate nor produce IgG. These latter functions reached adult levels at 5 and 10 y of age for T cell–dependent versus T cell–independent stimulations, respectively. The capacity of B cells to differentiate into plasmablasts and to produce IgG appeared to be contained within the switched memory B cell pool. Using these assays, we could categorize common variable immunodeficiency patients into subgroups and identified a class-switch recombination defect caused by an UNG mutation in one of the patients. We defined age-related reference ranges for human B cell differentiation. Our findings indicate that in vivo B cell functionality can be tested in vitro and helps to diagnose suspected B cell defects.
IFNAR1 Controls Progression to Cerebral Malaria in Children and CD8+ T Cell Brain Pathology in Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice
Authors: Ball Elizabeth Ann , Sambo Maria Rosário , Martins Madalena , Trovoada Maria Jesus , Benchimol Carla , Costa João , Antunes Gonçalves Lígia , Coutinho António , Penha-Gonçalves Carlos
Published: April 2013

Development of cerebral malaria (CM), a severe and fatal form of clinical Plasmodium falciparum infection, results from a damaging cascade of vascular, inflammatory, and immunological host responses that leads to brain injury. Progression to CM can be modified by host genetic factors. Our case-control study in Angolan children aimed at highlighting the role of IFN (α, β) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) in progression to CM. We report a robust association between IFNAR1 and CM protection, as well as detailed studies showing analogous protection from experimental CM in Ifnar1−/− mice infected with P. berghei ANKA. We developed a novel cell-transfer protocol that enables spleen cell priming in the absence of disease. This led to the discovery that IFNAR1 expression in CD8+ T cells is crucial and can abrogate resistance to experimental CM in Ifnar1−/− mice. Splenic CD8+ T cells from Ifnar1−/− mice are functionally activated upon infection, yet are unable to mediate experimental CM development within the brain tissue. Our findings prove that IFNAR1 signaling unleashes CD8+ T cell effector capacity, which is vital for CM, and raises the hypothesis that the cohesive role of IFNAR1 in both human and mouse CM operates through CD8+ T cell triggering.
A model for personnel selection with a data mining approach: A case study in a commercial bank
Authors: Azar Adel , Sebt Mohammad Vahid , Ahmadi Parviz , Rajaeian Abdolreza
Published: April 2013

Orientation: The success or failure of an organisation has a direct relationship with how its human resources are employed and retained.Research purpose: In this paper, a decision-making tool is provided for managers to use during the recruitment process. The effective factors in employees’ performance will be identified by discovering covert patterns of the relationship between employees’ test scores and their performance at work.Motivation for the study: Large amounts of information and data on entrance evaluations and processes have been kept in organisations. There is a need to discover the pattern in the relationship between employee’s test scores and their performance at work as a tool for use during the recruitment process.?Research design, approach and method: The data mining technique that was used in this project serves as the decision tree. Rules derivation was accomplished by the Quick Unbiased and Efficient Statistical Tree(QUEST), Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID),C5.0 and Classification And Regression Tree  (CART) algorithm. The objective and the appropriate algorithm were determined based on seemingly ‘irrelevant’ components, which the Commerce Bank Human Resources management’s experts describe.Main finding: It was found that the ‘performance assessment’ variable was not considered as the objective. Also, it was concluded that out of 26 effective variables only five variables, such as province of employment, education level, exam score, interview score and work experience, had the most effect on the ‘promotion score’ target.Practical/managerial implication: The database and personnel information of the Commerce Bank of Iran (in 2005 and 2006) was studied and analysed as a case study in order to identify the labour factors that are effective in job performance. Appropriate and scientific employment of staff that were selected from the entrance exams of companies and organisations were of crucial importance.Contribution/value-add: It is of great importance that an extensive use of data mining techniques be applied in other management areas. Whilst this is a low-cost technique, it can help managers to discover covert knowledge in their organisations.
Past, Present and Future of Fetal Brain Assessment
Authors: Saling Erich , Honemeyer Ulrich
Published: April 2013

The fetal brain as focus of scientific interest could not emerge before the 20th century. This was only possible after a long history of parallel advances in the fields of anatomy, physiology, pathology and imaging techniques. Some of these are presented in this article. We are providing (1) a historical overview about ‘the brain in science’ in general, (2) a historic overview about fetal brain assessment and (3) an overview of the present and reflections about the future of fetal brain assessment.

How to cite this article

Honemeyer U, Saling E. Past, Present and Future of Fetal Brain Assessment. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(1):36-45.
Three-dimensional Evaluation of the Placenta: Review of the Literature
Authors: Antsaklis Aris , Natsis Stavros
Published: April 2013

The introduction of the three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound made feasible the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the placenta's characteristics like the volume, the surface rendered imaging, the vascularization and the blood flow. These novel techniques may assist the early detection of pregnancies at high risk for fetal growth restriction (FGR), pre-eclampsia (PET) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and help clinicians to detect pregnancies at risk earlier and to assess new therapeutic strategies in order to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, in this new technique there are still limitations regarding the assessment of the placenta employing 3D ultrasound in everyday clinical practice. In the following article, we perform a review of the literature regarding the importance of 3D evaluation of the placenta in pregnancy.

How to cite this article

Natsis S, Antsaklis P, Antsaklis A, Kurjak A. Three-dimensional Evaluation of the Placenta: Review of the Literature. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(1):73-79.
Predicting Malignancy in Entirely Solid-appearing Adnexal Masses on Gray-Scale Ultrasound Based on Additional Ultrasound Findings, Clinical Complaints and Biochemical Parameters: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alcázar Juan Luis , Pineda Laura , Utrilla-Layna Jesús
Published: April 2013

Purpose

To determine which clinical, biochemical and other sonographic parameters could be useful to predict malignancy in sonographically solid adnexal masses.

Materials and methods

Clinical, biochemical and other sonographic features from 227 women diagnosed as having an entirely solid adnexal mass on B-mode gray-scale ultrasound were reviewed for this retrospective study. All patients had undergone surgery and mass removal. Definitive histologic diagnosis was available in all cases. All parameters were compared to final histological diagnosis (benign or malignant) in univariate statistical analysis. Then a stepwise forward logistic regression analysis was performed to identify those features that independently predict malignancy.

Results

A total of 227 masses were analyzed. Patients’ mean age was 52.9 years (range: 15-84 years). A total of 150 masses were malignant and 77 were benign. In 52 cases carcinomatosis was observed on ultrasound scan and all theses cases were malignant. In the remaining 175 cases, univariate analysis showed statistical differences between benign and malignant tumors all parameters except tumor's volume. After logistic regression analysis tumor contour, acoustic shadowing, amount of color and CA 125 were identified as independent predictors of malignancy. Using a logistic model 94.4% of malignant tumors and 85.7% of benign tumors would be correctly identified.

Conclusion

The presence of carcinomatosis is invariably associated to malignancy. In absence of carcinomatosis, irregular tumor contour, absence of acoustic shadowing, moderate or abundant blood flow and a high CA 125 are associated to malignancy.

How to cite this article

Utrilla-Layna J, Olartecoechea B, Aubá M, Ruiz-Zambrana A, Pineda L, Alcázar JL. Predicting Malignancy in Entirely Solid-appearing Adnexal Masses on Gray-Scale Ultrasound Based on Additional Ultrasound Findings, Clinical Complaints and Biochemical Parameters: A Retrospective Study. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(1):80-85.
Validation and empirical correction of MODIS AOTand AE over ocean
Authors: Schutgens N. A. J. , Nakata M. , Nakajima T.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. We present a validation study of Coll. 5 MODIS level 2 Aqua and Terra AOT and AE over ocean by comparison to coastal and island AERONET sites for the years 2003–2009. We show that MODIS AOT exhibits significant biases due to windspeed and cloudiness of the observed scene, while MODIS AE although overall unbiased, exhibits less spatial contrast on global scales than the AERONET observations. The same behaviour can be seen when MODIS AOT is compared against marine AERONET data, suggesting that the spatial coverage of our datasets does not preclude global conclusions. Thus, we develop empirical correction formulae for MODIS AOT and AE that signifcantly improve agreement of MODIS and AERONET observations. We show these correction formulae to be robust. Finally, we study random errors in the corrected MODIS AOT and AE and show that they mainly depend on AOT itself, although small contributions are present due to windspeed and cloud-fraction in AOT random errors and due to Ångström exponent and cloud fraction in AE random errors. Our analysis yields significantly higher random AOT errors than the official MODIS error estimate (0.03 + 0.05 τ), while random AE errors are smaller than might be expected. We interpret these findings in reference to the MODIS retrieval algorithm. This new dataset of bias-corrected MODIS AOT and AE over ocean is intended for aerosol model validation and assimilation studies, but also has consequences as a stand-alone observational product. For instance, the corrected dataset suggests that much less fine mode aerosol is transported across the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
Coupling X-ray microtomography and macroscopic soil measurements: a method to enhance near saturation functions?
Authors: Beckers E. , Plougonven E. , Gigot N. , Léonard A. , Roisin C. , Brostaux Y. , Degré A.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. Agricultural management practices influence soil structure, but the characterization of these modifications and consequences are still not completely understood. In this study, we aim at improving water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves using both classical soil techniques and X-ray microtomography in the context of tillage simplification. We show a good match for retention and conductivity functions between macroscopic measurements and microtomographic information. Microtomography highlights the presence of a secondary pore system. Analysis of structural parameters for these pores appears to be significant and offers additional clues for objects differentiation. We show that relatively fast scans supply not only good results, but also enhance near saturation characterization, making microtomography a highly competitive instrument for routine soil characterization.
Urothelial Cancer and the Diagnosis of Subsequent Malignancies
Authors: Pruthi Deepak K. , Nugent Zoann , Czaykowski Piotr , Demers Alain A.
Published: April 2013

Purpose: We examine the likelihood of a second primary malignancy diagnosis following the diagnosis of urothelial cancer.Methods: We identified subjects from the Manitoba Cancer Registry diagnosed with urothelial cancer between April 1, 1985 and December 31, 2007. Data were collected on all subsequent new cancer diagnoses. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for each major cancer type, matched with the general population by age, sex and period. Further analysis was undertaken stratifying by morphology and invasiveness. The results in males were examined with and without prostate cancer. A competing risk model was used to analyze the data controlling for death.Results: Of the 4412 included urothelial cancer cases, 712 patients (16.1%) subsequently developed a second primary malignancy. Risks were highest within 1 year of diagnosis persisting for 5 years. This risk was highest in males aged less than 70 (SIR = 6.25; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.08-7.04). Overall, the risk was similarbetween the sexes (female SIR: 1.30, CI 1.09-1.54; males 1.42, CI1.31-1.54; males excluding prostate SIR: 1.22 CI 1.11-1.35). There was an increased relative risk for developing a second primary for cancers of the kidney (male), lung, breast (female) and prostate. Papillary cancers were associated with increased relative risk of developing lung, prostate, and breast (female and male) cancer.  In the competing risks model, patients diagnosed with a papillary or insitu urothelial cancer were more likely to be diagnosed with a second primary than non-papillary and invasive disease, respectively.Conclusions: Those diagnosed with urothelial cancer have an increased probability of having a second primary cancer detected within the subsequent 5 years, even when prostate cancer is excluded. Papillary tumours in particular may provide a warning for subsequent malignancy.
Torsion of a seminoma in an intrascrotal testis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gondo Tatsuo , Namiki Kazunori , Tanaka Ayako , Yoshioka Kunihiko , Tanaka Michio , Yamamoto Hidenobu , Tachibana Masaaki
Published: April 2013

An intrascrotal testicular torsion with malignant testicular tumouris extremely rare. We report a case of a 26-year-old male who was diagnosed with testicular torsion by magnetic resonance imagingand with testicular seminoma after orchiectomy. Through this case, we found that if the possibility of testicular torsion remains during the diagnosis of acute scrotum cases, additional examination adding to colour Doppler sonography should be performed. Furthermore, we should be aware of the possibility of testicular tumours during the diagnosis and treatment of acute scrotums. If the affected testis is preserved in the treatment of testicular torsion, a postoperative examination by ultrasound and/or tumour markers for the remaining testis is essential to confirm the absence of testicular tumour.
Idiopathic giant atonic bladder (6000 mL in volume) that is present for 15 years with no urinary symptoms
Authors: Ay Ahmet , Demir Aydin , Kismet Kemal , Emir Levent , Ertas Ertugrul
Published: April 2013

Urinary retention is common in patients with neurologic disorders. We present a case of asymptomatic idiopathic giant bladder from which 6000 mL urine was drained. This is the largest volume of bladder that we found in the literature.
Intestinal type villous adenoma of the renal pelvis
Authors: Hudson Jill , Arnason Thomas , Merrimen Jennifer L.O. , Lawen Joseph
Published: April 2013

Intestinal type villous adenomas are uncommon in the genitourinary tract. Most reported cases have been located in the urinary bladder or urachus. Villous adenoma arising in the renal pelvis or ureteris very rare. We present a case of an 81-year-old female who presented with difficulty voiding and mucosuria. A computed tomography scan identified right-sided hydronephrosis, renal parenchymal atrophy, nonobstructing calculi and a lower pole renal mass. She underwent open right nephrectomy. Histopathologic examination of the kidney revealed an intestinal type villous adenoma of the renal pelvis with high-grade dysplasia and focal areas suspicious for invasive adenocarcinoma. We review the four previously reported cases of intestinal type villous adenoma in the renal pelvis and discuss diagnosis and management of this unusual neoplasm.
A new Analytical Solution Procedure for the Motion of a Spherical Particle in a Plane Couette Flow
Authors: Khan Majid , Soleymani Fazlollah
Published: April 2013

In this article, we applied the variational iteration method along with a Padé approximation (VIM-Padé) to obtain the analytical approximate solution for the motion of a spherical particle in a plane Couette flow. We studied the effects of different flow parameters on the velocity field. It is examined that the present analytical technique is extremely efficient and easy to apply for such a problem.
Rapid Determination of Metolcarb Residues in Foods Using a Biomimetic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Employing a Novel Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Film as Artificial Antibody
Authors: Tang Yiwei , Fang Guozhen , Wang Shuo , Sun Jingwei , Qian Kun
Published: April 2013

A novel and fast competitive direct biomimetic ELISA (cd-BELISA) was developed for determination of the N-methylcarbamate insecticide metolcarb based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film as the antibody mimic. The MIP film was directly synthesized on the surface of a 96-well plate by bulk polymerization. The synthesized film was characterized, and the results showed that the imprinted film exhibited antibody-antigen-like binding properties and rapid adsorption ability, which was particularly useful for cd-BELISA development. The cd-BELISA conditions were optimized in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the sensitivity and LOD of the cd-BELISA were found to be 17 and 0.12 μg/L, respectively. Cross-reactivity demonstrated that the cd-BELISA had a higher selectivity for metolcarb than for structurally related compounds. The developed method was applied to the determination of metolcarb in spiked apple juice, cabbage, and cucumber, with mean recoveries ranging from 71.5 to 117.0%. Validation of the results was conducted by HPLC with good correlation (r2 > 0.9562) between data obtained using these two methods. Therefore, the developed cd-BELISA has potential for the rapid determination of metolcarb in foods.