bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balanced Equi-$n$-Squares
Authors: Akbari Saieed , Marbach Trent G. , Stones Rebecca J. , Wu Zhuanhao
Published: October 2020

We define a $d$-balanced equi-$n$-square $L=(l_{ij})$, for some divisor $d$ of $n$, as an $n \times n$ matrix containing symbols from $\mathbb{Z}_n$ in which any symbol that occurs in a row or column, occurs exactly $d$ times in that row or column. We show how to construct a $d$-balanced equi-$n$-square from a partition of a Latin square of order $n$ into $d \times (n/d)$ subrectangles. In graph theory, $L$ is equivalent to a decomposition of $K_{n,n}$ into $d$-regular spanning subgraphs of $K_{n/d,n/d}$. We also study when $L$ is diagonally cyclic, defined as when $l_{(i+1)(j+1)}=l_{ij}+1$ for all $i,j \in \mathbb{Z}_n$, which correspond to cyclic such decompositions of $K_{n,n}$ (and thus $\alpha$-labellings).

We identify necessary conditions for the existence of (a) $d$-balanced equi-$n$-squares, (b) diagonally cyclic $d$-balanced equi-$n$-squares, and (c) Latin squares of order $n$ which partition into $d \times (n/d)$ subrectangles. We prove the necessary conditions are sufficient for arbitrary fixed $d \geq 1$ when $n$ is sufficiently large, and we resolve the existence problem completely when $d \in \{1,2,3\}$.

Along the way, we identify a bijection between $\alpha$-labellings of $d$-regular bipartite graphs and what we call $d$-starters: matrices with exactly one filled cell in each top-left-to-bottom-right unbroken diagonal, and either $d$ or $0$ filled cells in each row and column. We use $d$-starters to construct diagonally cyclic $d$-balanced equi-$n$-squares, but this also gives new constructions of $\alpha$-labellings.
Phylogenetic Trees, Augmented Perfect Matchings, and a Thron-type Continued Fraction (T-fraction) for the Ward Polynomials
Authors: Elvey Price Andrew , Sokal Alan D.
Published: October 2020

We find a Thron-type continued fraction (T-fraction) for the ordinary generating function of the Ward polynomials, as well as for some generalizations employing a large (indeed infinite) family of independent indeterminates. Our proof is based on a bijection between super-augmented perfect matchings and labeled Schröder paths, which generalizes Flajolet's bijection between perfect matchings and labeled Dyck paths.
Rape is Rape: The Need to Criminalise Marital Rape in Tanzania
Authors: Mgomba Fatuma A
Published: October 2020

It is obvious that marriage in a patriarchal community is the backbone of society on which the whole definition of society lies. The desire to get married and stay married often overrides the risks of gender-based violence a woman faces in the marriage institution. A married woman is instructed to stay married, be obedient to her husband and never say no to his sexual demands regardless of his behaviour. Generally, women are taught to tolerate and accept acts of domestic violence (including marital rape) perpetrated against them. On the other hand, a man’s conjugal rights included his right to have sexual intercourse with his wife when he pleased. The equal treatment of women and men under the law is vital to ensuring the recognition of women as full citizens and ensuring their freedom from violence. Therefore, the criminalisation of marital rape in Tanzania constitutes a significant opportunity to enact laws which effectively proscribe marital rape specifically and violence against women generally.
Trilobatin Protects Cardiomyocytes from Hypoxia/ Reperfusion Injury by Regulating the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway
Authors: Chen Wenyu , He Hui
Published: October 2020

Trilobatin is a natural plant-derived glycosylated flavonoid that has been shown to exhibit multiple beneficial pharmacologic activities including protection of heart against H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying protection from H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury remain unknown. Using H9C2 cells as a model, we examined the effect of trilobatin on H/R-induced cellular injury, apoptosis, and generation of reactive oxygen species. The results showed that trilobatin protected H9C2 cells not only from cell death and apoptosis, but also counteracted H/R-induced changes in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. The evaluation of the mechanism underlying the effect of trilobatin on protection from H/R-induced cellular injury suggested changes in the regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway.
Mário de Sá-Carneiro sob a mira do homoerotismo
Authors: Foureaux de Souza Júnior José Luiz
Published: October 2020

Apresentação de perspectiva renovada de leitura do poeta português. Exercício de leitura crítica da Literatura Portuguesa, considerando parâmetros do comparatismo, na perspectiva aberta pelo olhar homoerótico, como um olhar diferenciado para a leitura da literatura.
Vozes dos silenciados: resistência escrava e herança colonial em 'deus-dará', 'Não se pode morar nos olhos de um gato' e 'Biografia do Língua'
Authors: Angelini Paulo Ricardo Kralik
Published: October 2020

Com base nos romances deus-dará, de Alexandra Lucas Coelho, Não se pode morar nos olhos de um gato, de Ana Margarida de Carvalho, e Biografia do Língua, de Mário Lúcio Sousa, neste artigo pretendo discutir o constante processo de apagamento da escravidão e seus efeitos no Brasil e Portugal. Apoiado em teóricos como Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Margarida Calafate Ribeiro, entre outros pensadores portugueses, procuro resgatar as vozes desses personagens silenciados pelo Estado e pela história oficial, problematizadores de um tempo e de um espaço sobrepostos aos ossos de uma geografia colonial, concebida a partir da exploração do escravo, da perpetuação da exploração do trabalhador negro e da institucionalização do racismo.
O outro lado da verdade: imagens do racismo em 'Cadernos de memórias coloniais'
Authors: Mendes Danielle Gomes , Corrêa Gabriel Vidinha , Feitosa Márcia Manir Miguel
Published: October 2020

A experiência em África tem sido tema recorrente na mais recente produção literária de língua portuguesa, sobretudo nas obras lusitanas e africanas. Alguns autores têm rompido o silêncio e desnudado as verdades por trás da ação colonizadora europeia; neste caso, os últimos anos do Império português. É nesse contexto que a obra Cadernos de memórias coloniais (2019), de Isabela Figueiredo, é ambientada. O enredo traz à baila a realidade perpetrada na sociedade colonial, principalmente a relação entre colonos e negros colonizados impregnada de racismo e opressão. Diante disso, esse trabalho investiga as imagens do racismo na referente obra e como as ideologias segregacionistas europeias foram as principais precursoras do preconceito racial que vigora até hoje tanto na sociedade portuguesa, quanto em todo o contexto mundial. Por conseguinte, este trabalho estabelece um diálogo interdisciplinar em que a literatura versa sobre os pressupostos da teoria pós-colonial, a história e os estudos culturais. Entre os autores estudados, destacam-se os apontamentos de Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Kabenguele Munanga, Thomas Bonnici.
O lado oculto do lusotropicalismo: o legado de Gerald Bender na literatura e pensamento angolanos
Authors: Couto Filipe Abraão Martins do
Published: October 2020

Pretende-se neste artigo desenvolver a perspectiva de Gerald Bender em relação ao lado oculto da ideologia lusotropicalista em Angola. Para compreender esta posição, torna-se necessário fazer uma incursão através de alguns episódios fundamentais da história de Angola para se apurar quem foram os protagonistas da missão divina de Portugal em Angola e se a colonização portuguesa se constituiu ou não como uma colonização mais fraternal em comparação com outras colonizações europeias. Depois de circunscrever como se desenvolveu a interpenetração cultural em Angola, procurar-se-á determinar o impacto e importância do legado de Gerald Bender na literatura e pensamento angolanos.
O vento mudou: o Estado Novo e a inclusão dos festivais da canção televisivos em sua política de integração racial
Authors: Monteiro José Fernando Saroba
Published: October 2020

O Estado Novo, regime autoritário que prevaleceu em Portugal durante 41 anos, foi chefiado por António de Oliveira Salazar, entre 1933 e 1968, e Marcello Caetano, entre 1969 e 1974. Este regime, de ideais fascistas, aparentemente diferia de seus congêneres em relação à política de integração racial aplicada a suas colônias do ultramar africano, alegando sempre objetivar uma unidade multirracial e plurirracial, na qual todos seriam portugueses, estando ou não na metrópole. Entretanto, em oposição aos discursos prenunciando uma relação harmoniosa entre os povos, as guerras coloniais se deram em decorrência da negação de liberdade às colônias, mesmo motivo pelo qual a imagem do negro africano foi utilizada midiaticamente, na tentativa de demonstrar unidade e integração entre os territórios e as raças.
Turkish Manuscripts Important Historical Source On The History Of The Relationship Between The Central Asian Khanets And The Ottoman Empire
Authors:   Head Of The Department “Source Science And Archival Studies” Faculty Of The History Of The National University Of Uzbekistan, Rakhmonkulova Zumrad
Published: October 2020

This article analyzes information on the history of the relationship between the Central Asian Khanets and the Ottoman empire by Turkish manuscripts. The paper also analyzes the history of caravan routes and trade relations between the two countries, written by medieval historians such as H. Vamberi, Miyona Buzruk, Abdurazzak Samarkandi, Seydi Ali Rais, Mehmet Emin Efendi.
RESEARCH PRIORITIES: Western Balkans Snapshot
Authors:   RESOLVE Network
Published: October 2020

Amidst the evolving threat of violent extremism (VE) worldwide, the Western Balkans face substantial challenges to social cohesion and stability. As elsewhere, narratives of religious, far right, and nationalist militancy resonate with vulnerable youth populations in Western Balkan countries where a history of ethnic, religious, and civil strife created a situation vulnerable to terrorist recruitment at home and abroad. Individuals who traveled to fight alongside violent extremist organizations abroad are returning to their home countries following the territorial losses of extremist groups in Syria and Iraq. At the same time, ethno-nationalist extremism continues to gain traction and expand across the region. While some of these topics have received increased attention in the current body of literature, others remain under-researched. Existing research topics also require more field research and deeper conceptual foundation. The resulting gaps in our collective understanding point to the need for further research on evolving social and VE dynamics in the Western Balkans. More rigorous and grounded research, in this regard, can help inform and improve efforts to prevent and counter violent extremism (P/CVE) in the region. In 2019, the RESOLVE Network convened local and international experts to discuss research gaps and develop a preliminary list of research priorities for P/CVE moving forward in the Western Balkans. The topics identified in this Research Priorities Snapshot reflect their collective expertise, in-depth understanding, and commitment to continued analysis of VE trends and dynamics in the region.
GERAKAN KESETARAAN GENDER ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Saifuddin Saifuddin
Published: October 2020

Gender equality movement is continuation of gender equality study. Although some religious exegesis -moreover those are done by classic muslim religious leader- gender biased up to now, study of religious texts done by muslim feminist was inspiring development of gender equality movement.Nowadays gender equality movement in Indonesia is in fourth level. In this level the role of muslim feminists is more dominant. Indeed, next generations are growing up more. It shows that gender equality is part of islamic teachings.
INTERNALISASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM GERAKAN LITERASI BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL
Authors: Rofiatun Nisa’
Published: October 2020

The purpose of research is to describe the character education in the local wisdom-based literacy movement using text that is close to the environment of students and the implementation of character education in the local wisdom-based literacy movement. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, documentation. Data were analyzed by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results showed that character education in the literacy movement based on local wisdom is curiosity, communicative, fond of reading, discipline, creative and responsibility. The internalization of character educators in the literacy movement based on local wisdom is to use a variety of strategies such as utilizing texts from environmental observations that exist near students, regional saga texts and folklore. Evaluation is carried out by writing notes in the student's reading record book and data values ​​to find out the competencies that have been mastered by students.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS ADAB DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER
Authors: Khubni Maghfirotun  , Eka Nur Mahzumah
Published: October 2020

The morality / character of the nation's students has collapsed. This is marked by the rise of bullying, child anarchism, mass contests, free sex and so on. Seeing the importance of the role of etiquette in human life, the education world should think more seriously about the concept of planting etiquette in its students, so that the introduction and cultivation of etiquette must begin at an early age. Rasulullah SAW has taught that the example is the main factor of success in educating children. Exemplary is also the best method in children's education, especially in the early childhood period. On this basis the research formulated the formulation of the problem namely (1) How is the concept of Adab in SDI Ar-Roudloh Miru? (2) How is the Implementation of Adab Based Education in SDI Ar-Roudloh Miru-Sekaran-Lamongan? This study uses qualitative research and case studies as its research design. Research subjects in this study were students at SDI Ar-Roudloh. Data collection techniques used were observation, semistructural interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The data checking technique uses triangulation techniques. The results of this study include: (1) the formation of students' character at SDI Ar Roudloh is with the Applicative Religious concept. This is evidenced by the existence of Boarding School since students go up to fourth grade. This is expected to be more intensive in applying civilized values ​​that are prioritized by the institution. The etiquette values ​​emphasized and prioritized at SDI Ar Roudloh in this case are divided into three aspects namely; Judging from the pattern of attitudes and behavior to God, patterns of behavior to fellow human beings, patterns of behavior to nature. (2) in implementing civilized education for the formation of students' character by applying the religious concept with the details of the sub-chapters above, there are several stages in order to obtain maximum results, before implementing and informing the values ​​of civilized education to students. In this case the researcher classifies into three stages; first; Socialization, second; Implementation and third; Evaluation.
ALMA Observations of HCO+ and HCN Emission in the Massive Star-forming Region N55 of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: A. J. Nayana , N. Naslim , Onishi T. , Kemper F. , Tokuda K. , Madden S. C. , Morata O. , Nasri S. , Galametz M.
Published: October 2020

We present the results of high spatial resolution HCO+(1−0) and HCN(1−0) observations of the N55 south region (N55-S) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). N55-S is a relatively less extreme star-forming region of the LMC characterized by a low radiation field. We carried out a detailed analysis of the molecular emission to investigate the relation between dense molecular clumps and star formation in the quiescent environment of N55-S. We detect 10 molecular clumps with significant HCO+(1−0) emission and 8 with significant HCN(1−0) emission, and estimate the molecular clump masses by virial and local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis. All identified young stellar objects (YSOs) in N55-S are found to be near the HCO+ and HCN emission peaks showing the association of these clumps with recent star formation. The molecular clumps that have associated YSOs show relatively larger line widths and masses than those without YSOs. We compare the clump properties of N55-S with those of other giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the LMC and find that N55-S clumps possess similar size but relatively lower line width and larger HCN/HCO+(1−0) flux ratio. These results can be attributed to the low radiation field in N55-S resulted by relatively low star formation activity compared to other active star-forming regions like 30 Doradus-10 and N159. The dense gas fraction of N55-S is ∼0.025, lower compared to other GMCs of the LMC supporting the low star formation efficiency of this region.
A Spectroscopic Survey of Lyα Emitters at z ≈ 3.1 over ∼1.2 Deg2
Authors: Guo Yucheng , Jiang Linhua , Egami Eiichi , Ning Yuanhang , Zheng Zhen-Ya , Ho Luis C.
Published: October 2020

We present a spectroscopic survey of Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ≈ 3.1 in the Subaru XMM-Newton Deep Survey Field. This field has deep imaging data in a series of broad and narrow bands, including two adjacent narrow bands NB497 and NB503 that have allowed us to efficiently select LAE candidates at z ≈ 3.1. Using spectroscopic observations on MMT Hectospec and Magellan M2FS, we obtained a sample of 166 LAEs at z ≈ 3.1 over an effective area of ∼1.2 deg2, including 16 previously known LAEs. This is so far the largest (spectroscopically confirmed) sample of LAEs at this redshift. We make use of the secure redshifts and multiband data to measure spectral properties such as Lyα luminosity and rest-frame UV slope. We derive a robust Lyα luminosity function (LF) that spans a luminosity range from ∼1042.0 to >1043.5 erg s−1. Significant overdense and underdense regions are detected in our sample, but the area coverage is wide enough to largely suppress the effect from such cosmic variance. Our Lyα LF is generally consistent with those from previous studies at z ∼ 3.1. At the brightest end of the LF, there is a tentative detection of a density excess that is not well described by the Schechter function. The comparison with the LFs at other redshifts suggests that the Lyα LF does not show significant evolution at 2 < z < 5. Finally, we build the composite spectra of the LAEs and detect the N v λ1239 and C iv λλ1548,1551 doublet emission lines at significance of ∼4σ, suggesting very hard radiation fields in (some of) these LAEs.
On the Detection Potential of Blazar Flares for Current Neutrino Telescopes
Authors: Kreter M. , Kadler M. , Krauß F. , Mannheim K. , Buson S. , Ojha R. , Wilms J. , Böttcher M.
Published: October 2020

Blazar jets are extreme environments, in which relativistic proton interactions with an ultraviolet photon field could give rise to photopion production. High-confidence associations of individual high-energy neutrinos with blazar flares could be achieved via spatially and temporally coincident detections. In 2017, the track-like, extremely high-energy neutrino event IC 170922A was found to coincide with increased γ-ray emission from the blazar TXS 0506+056, leading to the identification of the most promising neutrino point-source candidate so far. We calculate the expected number of neutrino events that can be detected with IceCube, based on a broadband parameterization of bright short-term blazar flares that were observed in the first 6.5 yr of Fermi/Large Area Telescope observations. We find that the integrated keV-to-GeV fluence of most individual blazar flares is far too small to yield a substantial Poisson probability for the detection of one or more neutrinos with IceCube. We show that the sample of potentially detectable high-energy neutrinos from individual blazar flares is rather small. We further show that the blazars 3C 279 and PKS 1510−089 dominate the all-sky neutrino prediction from bright and short-term blazar flares. In the end, we discuss strategies to search for more significant associations in future data unblindings of IceCube and KM3NeT.
Teaching Neural Networks to Generate Fast Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Maps
Authors: Thiele Leander , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Spergel David N. , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa
Published: October 2020

The thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) and the kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effects trace the distribution of electron pressure and momentum in the hot universe. These observables depend on rich multiscale physics, thus, simulated maps should ideally be based on calculations that capture baryonic feedback effects such as cooling, star formation, and other complex processes. In this paper, we train deep convolutional neural networks with a U-Net architecture to map from the three-dimensional distribution of dark matter to electron density, momentum, and pressure at ∼100 kpc resolution. These networks are trained on a combination of the TNG300 volume and a set of cluster zoom-in simulations from the IllustrisTNG project. The neural nets are able to reproduce the power spectrum, one-point probability distribution function, bispectrum, and cross-correlation coefficients of the simulations more accurately than the state-of-the-art semianalytical models. Our approach offers a route to capture the richness of a full cosmological hydrodynamical simulation of galaxy formation with the speed of an analytical calculation.
The Sociopsychological Profile of Persons with Alcohol Anosognosia in the Context of Social Customer Support
Authors: Khvostunov Konstantin , Adzhimuradova Raisat , Egorova Elena , Lazareva Olga , Kazakova Svetlana , Volkova Marina
Published: October 2020

AIM: We aimed to focus on the sociopsychological profile of a person with alcohol anosognosia.
METHODS: The study was conducted in the narcological inpatient adult department of the Starooskolsky Narcological Dispensary for 1.5 months and involved 60 male patients over the age of 18 with at least 5-year alcohol dependence.
RESULTS: As a result of the study, the individual typological features of patients with anosognosia were identified and structured.
CONCLUSION: The findings may be applied in the development of social support measures for persons with anosognosia to resocialize them and achieve long-term therapeutic remission.
Bilateral Idiopathic Neuroretinitis
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Neuroretinitis is a clinical entity characterized by an acute loss of vision associated with disc edema and a star pattern of exudates in the macula. It can be divided into two, those with a specific infectious agent or idiopathic. Most infectious cases are due to cat-scratch disease caused by Bartonella species and other infectious agents. Case with a clear infectious is categorized as idiopathic. Most patients with idiopathic neuroretinitis recover excellent visual acuity with or without intervention. Although the presentation is most often unilateral, bilateral cases of neuroretinitis have been reported.
CASE REPORT: A 20-year-old woman with a 2-weeks history of sudden progressive visual loss both eyes (visual acuity: RE 3/60; LE 20/200). The optic disc was edema and the hard exudate on the macular area. Two weeks follow-up, funduscopic shows a macular star and the optic disc’s edema was reduced. Perimetric test shows general depressed in both eyes. The blood tests and the brain computed tomography scan were normal. She received methyl prednisolone 48 mg for 2 weeks. Eight months follow-up, VA: RE 20/50, LE 20/40 with the pinhole 20/15 in both eyes. The funduscopic still showed edema and slight paling. There was an improvement in central visual acuity after steroid treatment but leave residual abnormal funduscopic.
CONCLUSION: Neuroretinitis is generally self-limited. The visual acuity recovers excellent with the steroid, but the abnormal disc in this case related to a vaso-occlusive mechanism of prelamin arterioles with subsequent disc infraction.
American Orthopedic Foot-and-Ankle Society Score, Where Are We Now? – A Narrative Review of Quality of Life Measures in Foot-and-Ankle Surgery
Authors: D'souza Jonathan James
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score is the mostly widely used quality of life index for foot-and-ankle pathologies. However, there are many shortcomings of the QOL index with respect to validity, reliability, and responsiveness.
AIM: The narrative review will examine the AOFAS scoring system and review the outcome measure using the GRADE tool for quality of outcome measure.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and researchers should cease using the AOFAS score as it is not a reliable tool. However, the recommendations suggested in this article can be used to upgrade the quality of the scoring system.
Basic Properties of Anthocyanin for Pain Management
Authors: Widyadharma I Putu Eka , Soejitno Andreas , Jawi Made , Purwata Thomas Eko , Suprapta Dewa Ngurah , Sudewi A. A. Raka
Published: October 2020

Inflammation and oxidative stress is both two important key players in the development, enhancement, and maintenance of both nociceptive and neuropathic pain. They are almost invariably involved in pain-related diseases, such as all-cause low back pain, diabetic neuropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial ischemia, cancer, and various autoimmune disorders, among others. They act synergistically and their presence can be beneficial, yet detrimental to neurons and nerves if they are in overdrive state. Meanwhile, anthocyanin, a group of flavonoid polyphenols, is very common in nature and can be easily derived from fruits and vegetables. Accumulating evidence has shown that anthocyanin possesses potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects through numerous mechanisms and that its proof-of-concept in ameliorating various pathology of disease states have been extensively documented. Unfortunately, however, the empirical evidence of anthocyanin for alleviating pain has been very minimal to date, despite its potentials. Herein, we discuss the basic properties of anthocyanin and its relevant pain mechanisms which could become potential targets for pain management using this natural compound.
Potential Antiviral Effect of Chloroquine Therapy against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Musa Imad R.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many countries with increasing morbidity and mortality. In the absence of an effective vaccine and medication, chloroquine may be a potential choice.
AIM: This study aims to explore the role of the possible antiviral effects of chloroquine against SARS-CoV-2.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of studies relating to the antiviral effects against coronaviruses was conducted between January 1, 1990, and up to May 26, 2020, for relevant studies using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
RESULTS: A total of 174 articles were initially identified. Ninety-seven papers were removed for failing to address the aim of the study. Seventy-seven full-text articles were retrieved for eligibility analysis. Ten studies focused on general inhibition of viral replication, ten evaluated its effects on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, 19 addressed the effects on alkalizing the cellular pH, 25 concentrated on the immunomodulatory effect, two assessed the potential effects on sialic acid, and 24 explored the therapeutic outcome.
CONCLUSION: Chloroquine has promising antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2 at different levels.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Coronavirus Disease-19: Population-Based Study in Iraq
Authors: Ghazi Hasanain Fisal , Taher Taqi Mohammed Jwad , AbdalQader Mohammed A. , Raheema Rana Hussein , Baobaid Mohammed Faez , Hasan Tiba Nezar
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION: In March 2020, the world health organization declared Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 a pandemic global communicable disease, there is neither a vaccine nor a treatment for this virus. The aim of the current study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of Iraqi population toward COVID-19.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 272 respondents from different states of Iraq using online administered questionnaires. The questions were adopted from the previous study and consist of three parts mainly socio-demographic, KAP.
RESULTS: The majority of the respondents had good knowledge regarding COVID-19 (95.2%). A total of 97.8% of the respondents knew that COVID-19 caused by a virus. Regarding incubation period, 75% of them answer correctly that it is 2–15 days. Higher percept (39%) and 37.9% of participant people considered the disease as a very dangerous and seriously dangerous disease, respectively. The majority (85.3%) of the sample thought that no vaccination available for the disease. More than two-thirds of the sample (76.5%) were wearing face mask sometimes while only 19.5% wearing it all the time. The majority (265) out of 272 was ready to stay home if it required to prevent the spread of the disease. There was a significant association between gender, living state, and COVID-19 knowledge (p = 0.009, <0.0001), respectively.
CONCLUSION: The overall knowledge, practice of respondents was good regarding COVID-19. People need to stay at home to prevent the infection and reduce the number of cases.
Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Effort of Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation Using Music Stimulation in Severe COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Dwitasari Made Ayu Dessy , Laksmidewi Anak Agung Ayu Putri
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or CoV disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a big threat to global health and becomes a global pandemic. The exact treatment for this disease is still an on-going experiment. Meanwhile, there are more people infected by this disease, leading to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). COVID-19 patients with severe clinical symptoms may need mechanical ventilation. These patients at the same time, struggle with the infection and also the effort to wean from the ventilation. Weaning failure commonly occurred in patients with severe respiratory disease. In this article, we discuss the use of convalescence plasma therapy and the benefit of music stimulation for weaning from mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients.
Effectiveness of caffeine intake on maximal and sub-maximal physiological markers of exercise intensity among wheelchair users compared to able-bodied individuals
Authors: Amari E. , Al-Rahamnheh H.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of caffeine intake on maximal and sub-maximal physiological markers of exercise intensity and whether group (able-bodied and wheelchair users) moderated these findings. Ten able-bodied men (20.3±2.4 years, length 174.3±5.1 cm, 76.4±9.4 kg) and 9 wheelchair users (29.9±7.1 years, length 164±13 cm, 78.6±20.6 kg) participated in the study. Each participant performed 4 exercise tests. Two ramp exercise tests were used to assess the effect of caffeine intake on maximal values of power output (PO), oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), lactate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE): one performed with 6 mg/kg body mass of caffeine ingestion as gelatine capsules, and the second one with placebo. Two constant-load exercise tests at 70% POpeak to volitional exhaustion were used to assess the effect caffeine intake on sub-maximal values of VO2, HR, lactate and RPE: one performed with 6 mg/kg body mass of caffeine ingestion as gelatine capsules, and the second one with placebo. Two way ANOVA revealed that caffeine intake does not affect maximal values of VO2, HR, lactate and RPE (P>0.05). Caffeine intake reduced sub-maximal RPE at 5 min (P<0.05) and 10 min of exercise. Sub-maximal HR at 70% POpeak was higher in caffeine than placebo among wheelchair users (P<0.05). Time to exhaustion at 70% POpeak was significantly longer in caffeine than placebo (P<0.05). VO2max and POpeak were significantly higher among able-bodied than wheelchair users (P<0.05). Caffeine has an effect on sub-maximal RPE and time to volitional exhaustion. Closed-loop exercise mode should be employed in future studies. Greater dosage of caffeine could be used but should not exceed the permitted amount of 12 mg/kg body mass. Wheelchair users should exercise and do more physical activity to enhance VO2max and POpeak.
A Neural Network-Based Approach for Pest Detection and Control in Modern Agriculture Using Internet of Things
Authors: Dadheech Pankaj , Kumar Ankit , Singh Vijander , Raja Linesh , Poonia Ramesh C.
Published: October 2020

The networks acquire an altered move towards the difficulty solving skills rather than that of conventional computers. Artificial neural networks are comparatively crude electronic designs based on the neural structure of the brain. The chapter describes two different types of approaches to training, supervised and unsupervised, as well as the real-time applications of artificial neural networks. Based on the character of the application and the power of the internal data patterns we can normally foresee a network to train quite well. ANNs offers an analytical solution to conventional techniques that are often restricted by severe presumptions of normality, linearity, variable independence, etc. The chapter describes the necessities of items required for pest management through pheromones such as different types of pest are explained and also focused on use of pest control pheromones.
Self-Lubricating PVD Hard Coatings through Tribological Activation
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Brögelmann Tobias , Kruppe Nathan Christopher , Stachowski Nina
Published: October 2020

PVD (physical vapor deposition) hard coatings are widely used and common in manufacturing technologies, for the use as wear and oxidation protection of tools and components. Therefore, many specialized hard coatings systems have been developed until now. Nevertheless, there is a demand to improve the functionality of PVD hard coatings, i.e. due to a self-lubricating effect through tribological activation. According to the current state of research, solid lubricants with lattice layer structure and oxidic solid lubricants are particularly suitable for this purpose. This work gives an overview on the functional mechanisms as well as required environmental conditions and activation mechanisms of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) and Magnéli-phases.
Analysis of the Modification of Tool Surfaces by Abrasive Blasting and Laser Polishing
Authors: Wild Thomas , Bestenlehrer Marcel , Merklein Marion
Published: October 2020

The surface treatment of tools plays an important role for the operational behaviour of forming processes. Up to now, industrial standard is the manual finishing of tool surfaces, which can lead to a varying quality of the surface finish and therefore influence the tool service life and the forming results. One method to perform the polishing operation automatically is to remelt the top layer of materials by laser polishing. This is accompanied by a considerable change in the material properties in this zone. Therefore, the effect of laser polishing with respect to the local modification of the tool surface is investigated in this study. The results of the investigations reveal that a precise adjustment of the laser parameters is required in order to reduce the roughness of the surface. The heat input also leads to a significant influence on the microstructure of the material. In this study laser polishing remelts the material up to a depth of approximately 20 µm. Furthermore, it can be observed that the heat input during the process results in a heat affected zone of up to a depth of 30 µm. As a contrast to laser polishing, abrasive blasting is investigated as a roughness increasing surface modification.
Effect of Specimen Geometry on Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy-Based Building Materials
Authors: Hermann Radek , Hodul Jakub , Keprdová Šárka
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with problematics of the influence of size and shape of test specimens prepared according to the valid standard procedures in comparison to specimens prepared according to the standards used for different types of materials (grouts, coatings). The aim of this paper is to verify the possibility of using non-standard specimen sizes to reduce the economic demands of the development of building materials. The issue is tested on the polymer composites prepared in three different amounts of the filler. The polymer composite based on epoxy resin serves as a representative and homogenous material which achieves the same results under various curing temperatures and humidity. The porous structure of prepared samples was also studied and its effect on the selected mechanical properties was observed. It was shown that the specimen shape and size had impact on the mechanical properties of epoxy-based composites.
Host suitability of Trichoplusia ni and Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for native and nonnative parasitoids expanding their host range
Authors: Murillo Pacheco Henry , Vanlaerhoven Sherah , Marcos Garcia M. Angeles
Published: October 2020

We evaluated the host suitability and related traits of Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chrysodeixis chalcites Esper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is nonnative in North America, for the native parasitoids Campoletis sonorensis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Copidosoma floridanum Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and the nonnative parasitoid Cotesia vanessae Reinhard (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). For the larval parasitoid C. sonorensis and C. vanessae trials, three-day-old larvae of both hosts were used, whereas one-day-old eggs of both hosts were used for the egg–larval parasitoid C. floridanum trial. For suitability parameters on each host exposed separately to each of the three parasitoid species, we measured parasitoid emergence (parasitoid success), parasitoids that did not emerge (parasitoid cocoon mortality), the proportion of male offspring (parasitoid sex ratio), hosts that developed into moths (host success), hosts that died without developing into moths or producing a parasitoid (host mortality), parasitoids emerging from cocoon masses (brood size), and the developmental times of parasitoids and hosts. For C. sonorensis, the native host and the nonnative host were found to be similarly suitable. For C. vanessae, the native host was more suitable than the nonnative host. For C. floridanum, the native host was suitable, whereas the nonnative host was not; however, sublethal effects on both the native and nonnative hosts were observed. The differential suitability of the hosts observed in this study contributes to the understanding of this measure as a dynamic factor in the expansion of parasitoids into novel host species.
Field data, till composition, and ice-flow history, south Rae Craton, Northwest Territories: results from the GEM-2 South Rae project - Surficial Mapping activity
Authors: Campbell J E , McCurdy M W , Lauzon G , Regis D , Wygergangs M
Published: October 2020

This report releases new field data and analytical results from regional surficial geological mapping and till sampling surveys completed in 2014 to 2016 in the southeast corner of the Northwest Territories as part of Natural Resources Canada's South Rae
Activity, GEM-2 Rae project. The report also provides a summary of the regional bedrock and surficial geology, a detailed description of the field and analytical methods and a preliminary discussion of regional glacial transport. In total, Quaternary geological field observations were made at 646
sites; 205 till, 3 esker and 21 geochronology samples were collected over the 3 years. Samples were analyses for matrix geochemistry and texture, gold grain counts, indicator mineral picking and probing, and pebble lithology counts. Highlights include the 5 phase ice flow chronology, and comments on
glacial transport dispersal history and on till geochemical masking due to due to the dilution effect of SiO2 (sandstone quartz).
What's wrong with Modern Money Theory: macro and political economic restraints on deficit-financed fiscal policy
Authors: Palley Thomas
Published: October 2020

The essential claim of Modern Money Theory (MMT) is sovereign currency issuing governments, with flexible exchange rates and without foreign currency debt, are financially unconstrained. This paper analyses the macroeconomic arguments behind that claim and shows they are suspect. MMT underestimates the economic costs and exaggerates the capabilities of deficit-financed fiscal policy. Those analytic shortcomings render it poor economics. However, MMT's claim that sovereign governments are financially unconstrained is proving a popular political polemic. That is because current distressed economic conditions have generated political resistance to fiscal austerity, and MMT fits the moment by countering the neoliberal polemic that government lacks fiscal space because it is akin to a household.
Circular Economy, Sustainability, Retailers and Supply Chain Collaboration
Authors: Tassinari Vincenzo
Published: October 2020

Today, large-scale retailers and industrial companies cannot ignore the impacts generated by their activity. Consequently, they are increasingly adopting behaviors attentive to issues related to corporate social responsibility. Italian distributors, driven by consumers, the regulatory system and stakeholders, also demonstrate a growing commitment to initiatives characterized by an orientation towards sustainability, which is often developed through supply chain collaborations.
Bioseguridad y emergencia sanitaria para las PYMES locales
Authors: Cornejo-Huerta Cristhian Eduardo
Published: October 2020

El interés de este trabajo es conocer y explorar en profundidad las condiciones necesarias que las PYMES utilizan para hacer frente a posibles emergencias sanitaria provocada por enfermedades y posibles pandemias, y comprobar si las empresas ecuatorianas, sin niveles económicos profundos pueden sobrellevar estas situaciones. Para nadie es un secreto que, ante una emergencia sanitaria, el sector financiero de todo un país puede verse en aprietos ya que las exportaciones e importaciones son una de las primeras líneas en verse afectadas, pero para resguardar la seguridad de cada individuo, era necesario para aplicar medidas respectivas. Con el propósito de conocer aquellos sectores financieros más vulnerables, y las metodologías aplicadas a raíz de estos resultados, se procedió a presentar las encuestas como un instrumento de selección de información, que facilite la interpretación estadística de las condiciones, a través de las cuales se también permitió exponer las metodologías utilizadas para contrarrestar este desequilibrio y, a su vez, trazar conclusiones que permitan expresar estrategias de mercado y bioseguridad capaces de mejorar o al menos no generar pérdidas excesivas en el sector financiero, manteniendo la seguridad en todo el personal para evitar contagios.

Palabras claves: bioseguridad, PYMES, pandemia, enfermedades.
Sistema, princípios e práticas:
Authors: Rech Sandra Regina , Pinheiro Gomes Nelson
Published: October 2020

Considerado um novo campo de investigação, os Estudos de Tendências ainda são pouco desenvolvidos enquanto prática, o que resulta em indefinições sobre o conceito, em função da pluralidade de bases teóricas, da sistematização dos modelos conceituais e dos pressupostos de autores reconhecidos na área. Seu potencial deriva da capacidade de elucidar os princípios estruturais, que norteiam as variações nos padrões do comportamento humano, e de transladar esse conhecimento em indícios que possam engendrar inovação, ou estratégias sólidas, para novas políticas, produtos e serviços. Em razão disso, este trabalho está estruturado como pesquisa fundamental e apresenta revisão bibliográfica e discussão sobre o estado da arte dos Estudos de Tendências, fruto do atual desenvolvimento conceitual, neste campo disciplinar, em pesquisas conjuntas realizadas em Portugal e no Brasil. Percebe-se que a transdisciplinaridade é a base dos Estudos de Tendências e eixo condutor de disciplinas fundamentais que orientam a observação, análise e o monitoramento dos padrões de comportamento sociocultural.
Planejamento estratégico na Comunicação Organizacional (re)significado pelo olhar do Paradigma da Complexidade
Authors: Delevati Colpo Caroline
Published: October 2020

Este estudo, através de uma análise teórica e dos resultados de estudos da tese de doutorado da pesquisadora, discute o planejamento estratégico na comunicação de organizações sob a perspectiva do Paradigma da Complexidade. Investe-se na possibilidade de compreender a (re)significação da comunicação organizacional com maior enfoque na comunicação humana sujeito/sujeito e organização/sujeito transcendendo a abordagem instrumental. Com isto acredita-se na necessidade de (re)significação do entendimento de planejamento estratégico. Para tal, entende-se o Paradigma da Complexidade, que desfaz os limites entre diferentes áreas do saber com a sua característica transdisciplinar, sendo capaz de autoproduzir e auto organizar a comunicação das organizações quando se tem enfoque no sujeito. Este texto introduz o questionamento sobre a aplicabilidade, ou não, do planejamento estratégico na comunicação organizacional (re)significada.
A newsletter como ferramenta de curadoria jornalística
Authors: Ferreira Júnior José , Ribeiro de Abreu Poliana Marta
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a newsletter a_nexo – Tudo o que importa logo pela manhã, produzida pelo Nexo Jornal, um dos novos empreendimentos digitais do jornalismo na atualidade, e verificar como esse boletim eletrônico tem sido utilizado como ferramenta de curadoria jornalística, selecionando os principais assuntos noticiados em grandes veículos de comunicação do país e do mundo, além do próprio Nexo Jornal. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso, com análise de conteúdo dos boletins eletrônicos no período de 17 a 27 de julho de 2017.