bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARBON DIOXIDE LAPAROSCOPY
Authors: Berenyi Kalman J. , Fujita Toshio , Siegler Alvin M.
Published: December 2008

A total of 114 patients were anesthetized for pelvic laparoscopy, using halo‐thane, nitrous oxide, oxygen sequence. Endotracheal intubation and mechanically controlled ventilation were employed. No major surgical or anesthesia complications were observed. The technique, indications and contra‐indica‐tions of laparoscopy are detailed. Acid‐base parameters were determined on 11 patients showing an average rise of 9.28 mm Hg in arterial carbon dioxide tension, in spite of vigorous hyperventilation.

114 Patienten wurden fur Beckenlaparoskopien mit der {Combination Halothan‐Lachgas‐Sauerstoff narkotisiert. Endotracheale Intubation und mechanisch kontrollierte Beatmung kamen zur Anwendung. Es wurden keine grosseren operativen oder Anaesthesiekomplikationen beobachtet. Technik, Indikationen und Kontraindikationen der Laparoskopie werden im Einzelnen dargelegt. Bei 11 Patienten wurden die Saure‐Basen‐Parameter bestimmt, wo‐bei sich ein durchschnitdicher Anstieg von 9,28 mm Hg in der arteriellen Kohlensaurespannung, trotz kraftiger Hyperventilation, ergeben hat.
Post‐transfusion stability of haemoglobin mass
Authors: Pottgiesser T. , Specker W. , Umhau M. , Roecker K. , Schumacher Y. O.
Published: December 2008

Background and Objectives  Total haemoglobin mass (tHb) as a direct parameter of the blood system and ultimate target of all blood transfusions has not been evaluated for its post‐transfusion survival and stability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the latter which may also be relevant from an anti‐doping perspective as autologous blood transfusions remain impossible to detect.

Materials and Methods  The tHb was determined by the CO rebreathing method prior to and after donation of 1 unit of whole blood, as well as prior to and after reinfusion (weekly up to 56 days) of the erythrocyte concentrate in 10 men (28 ± 7 years, 181 ± 7 cm, 76 ± 12 kg).

Results  The mean tHb content of the derived erythrocyte concentrate was 60 ± 3 g, while the net tHb increases after transfusion of 51 g (95% confidence intervals 33–69 g) permitted proof of an elevated tHb for at least 56 days after transfusion.

Conclusion  The results show that an elevated tHb induced by autologous transfusion allowed continuous identification although, as expected, a slow decrease of tHb has been revealed in the observation period. In reference to anti‐doping, CO rebreathing permits proof of a supraphysiologically elevated tHb but possibly only if a stable baseline value is known.
A torch in the rain forest: thermogenesis of the Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum)
Authors: Barthlott W. , Szarzynski J. , Vlek P. , Lobin W. , Korotkova N.
Published: December 2008

An outstanding flagship species in the plant kingdom is the Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum), which produces a fountain‐like bloom up to 3 m high. The unique appearance of three simultaneous inflorescences in May 2006 was a chance to analyse the flowering behaviour and thermogenesis of this giant. For the first time, the heating of the central column (spadix) could be documented using a high‐performance thermographic camera. Time series analyses of the infrared image sequences revealed that the 3‐m high spadix surface heats up in pulses emanating from the base of the inflorescence. The surface temperature reaches over 36 °C, compared to the ambient temperature of 27 °C. Waves of the carrion‐like odour are synchronised with these heat pulses. The combination of heat pulses, the fountain‐like shape plus the enormous size lead to a unique type of ‘convection flower’. On the basis of our observations, we assume that Amorphophallus titanum is able to overcome thermodynamic decoupling by a self‐produced convective process.
Carbon isotope analysis of acetaldehyde emitted from leaves following mechanical stress and anoxia
Authors: Jardine K. , Karl T. , Lerdau M. , Harley P. , Guenther A. , Mak J. E.
Published: December 2008

Although the emission of acetaldehyde from plants into the atmosphere following biotic and abiotic stresses may significantly impact air quality and climate, its metabolic origin(s) remains uncertain. We investigated the pathway(s) responsible for the production of acetaldehyde in plants by studying variations in the stable carbon isotope composition of acetaldehyde emitted during leaf anoxia or following mechanical stress. Under an anoxic environment, C3 leaves produced acetaldehyde during ethanolic fermentation with a similar carbon isotopic composition to C3 bulk biomass. In contrast, the initial emission burst following mechanical wounding was 5–12‰ more depleted in 13C than emissions under anoxia. Due to a large kinetic isotope effect during pyruvate decarboxylation catalysed by pyruvate dehydrogenase, acetyl‐CoA and its biosynthetic products such as fatty acids are also depleted in 13C relative to bulk biomass. It is well known that leaf wounding stimulates the release of large quantities of fatty acids from membranes, as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We suggest that, following leaf wounding, acetaldehyde depleted in 13C is produced from fatty acid peroxidation reactions initiated by the accumulation of ROS. However, a variety of other pathways could also explain our results, including the conversion of acetyl‐CoA to acetaldehyde by the esterase activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Phytophthora infestans isolates from Northern China show high virulence diversity but low genotypic diversity
Authors: Guo J. , Van Der Lee T. , Qu D. Y. , Yao Y. Q. , Gong X. F. , Liang D. L. , Xie K. Y. , Wang X. W. , Govers F.
Published: December 2008

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 48 Phytophthora infestans isolates, collected in five provinces in Northern China between 1997 and 2003, were determined and compared with reference isolates. Characterisation included mating type, virulence, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype and DNA fingerprinting patterns based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). All isolates had the A1 mating type, mtDNA haplotype IIa and an identical SSR genotype (designated as SG‐01‐01) that differed from SSR genotypes found in the reference isolates, including those representing the ‘old’ US‐1 lineage that dominated the P. infestans population worldwide prior to 1980. In contrast, the virulence spectra were highly variable and virulence to all resistance genes present in the standard differential set (R1 to R11) was found. AFLP analysis revealed some diversity; eight different AFLP genotypes were found that could be grouped into two major clusters. This study shows that there is very little genotypic diversity in the P. infestans population in Northern China. The occurrence of many different races within this rather uniform population is discussed in the framework of recent insights into the molecular determinants of avirulence in potato–P. infestans‘gene‐for‐gene’ interactions.
Genetic Mapping of Magnaporthe grisea Avirulence Gene Corresponding to Leaf and Panicle Blast Resistant QTLs in Jao Hom Nin Rice Cultivar
Authors: Sreewongchai Tanee , Sriprakhon Siangchai , Wongsaprom Chankarn , Vanavichit Apichart , Toojinda Theerayut , Tharreau Didier , Sirithunya Pattama
Published: December 2008

The avirulence characteristic of Magnaporthe grisea isolate TH16 corresponding to Jao Hom Nin (JHN) rice cultivar was studied by mapping population of 140 random ascospore progenies derived from the cross between B1‐2 and TH16 isolates. Segregation analyses of the avirulence characteristic performing on JHN rice at the seedling and flowering stages were performed in this mapping population. We used the reference map of Guy11/2539 to choose microsatellite DNA markers for mapping the avirulence gene. The genetic map of this population was constructed from 39‐microsatellite markers. The genetic map was spanned by covering seven chromosomes with an average distance of 11.9 cM per marker. In mapping population the distribution of pathogenic and non‐pathogenic progenies on JHN rice were found to be fitted to 1 : 1 ratio for two of the rice stages, seedling and flowering stages. The Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis for avirulence genes corresponding to two rice stages were located at the same region on chromosome 2 between markers Pyms305 and Pyms435. The LOD score and percentage of phenotypic variance explained (PVE) on two rice stages were 5.01/16.69 and 6.73/20.26, respectively. These loci were designated as Avr‐JHN(lb) and Avr‐JHN(pb) corresponding to leaf and panicle blast characteristics. The findings of this study can be the initial step for positional cloning and identifying any function of avirulence genes corresponding to leaf and panicle blast characteristics.
Post‐operative chylothorax in children: An evidence‐based management algorithm
Authors: Panthongviriyakul Charnchai , Bines Julie E
Published: December 2008

Aim:  To develop an evidence‐based algorithm for the therapeutic approach to the management of post‐operative chylothorax.

Methods:  Review and analysis of published literature sourced from Medline from 1964–2007.

Results:  Understanding the pathophysiology of chylothorax and the anatomical structure of the thoracic duct assisted clinical decision making in the management of a patient with chylothorax. Treatment options for post‐operative chlothorax include conservative management with medium chain triglyceride‐enriched diet or total parenteral nutrition in combination with adequate drainage of pleural fluid, somatostatin or octreotide therapy or surgical intervention. Based on analysis of the available evidence an algorithm for therapeutic approach to the management of post‐operative chylothorax has been developed.

Conclusion:  Post‐operative chylothorax is associated with significant morbidity and prolonged hospitalization. An evidence based algorithm to guide the therapeutic approach to management of post‐operative chylolthorax is proposed.
Childhood radiation‐associated atypical meningioma with novel complex rearrangements involving chromosomes 1 and 12
Authors: Brassesco María Sol , Valera Elvis Terci , Neder Luciano , Castro‐Gamero Angel Mauricio , De Oliveira Fábio Morato , Santos Antonio Carlos , Scrideli Carlos Alberto , Oliveira Ricardo Santos , Machado Hélio Rubens , Tone Luiz Gonzaga
Published: December 2008

Meningiomas are recognized as the most common late complication following radiotherapy. However, cytogenetic studies in childhood atypical radiation‐induced meningioma are sporadic, mainly because this condition generally occurs after a long latent period. In the present study we show the results of conventional and molecular cytogenetics in a 14‐year‐old boy with a secondary atypical meningioma. Apart from numerical changes, we found complex aberrations with the participation of chromosomes 1, 6 and 12. The invariable presence of loss of 1p was demonstrated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with probes directed to telomeric regions and by comparative genome hybridization (CGH). Previous cytogenetic studies on adult spontaneous and radiation‐associated meningiomas showed loss of chromosome 22 as the most frequent change, followed by loss of the short arm of chromosome 1. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of highly complex chromosome aberrations in the pediatric setting of meningioma.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF MYOFIBRIL IN THE CARCINOGENETIC COURSE OF 20‐METHYLCHOLANTHRENE‐INDUCED RHABDOMYOSARCOMA
Authors: Hatakeyama Setsuko
Published: December 2008

In this study 20‐methylcholanthrene (MC) was embedded in skeletal muscle tissue of mice. The resulting morphological changes were observed by light and electron microscope until the occurrence of rhabdomyosarcoma. The injected region of the muscle tissue in which MC was embedded went through three stages: destruction and degeneration, repair, and appearance of atypical cells. The morphologic figures of the myofibrils seen in the skeletal muscle cell during destruction and degeneration were similar to those observable in diseased human muscle, and were interpreted as nonspecific. The muscle tissue then regenerated in the same manner as seen during experimentally induced muscle tissue regeneration in both humans and animals. Abnormal mitotic figures were found 60 to 70 days after the injection of MC. Immature muscle cells, with tuft‐formed myofibrils present, underwent abnormal mitosis in which one of the nuclei divided. The rhabdomyosarcoma cells produced by this abnormal mitosis began to appear in the lesion 70 days after the initial embedding of MC. The rhabdomyosarcoma cells in the induced tumor formed undifferentiated myofibrils in various degrees of maturation, and were therefore considered to play a part in the abnormal myofibrillar formation.
PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL RADIATION PANCARDITIS
Authors: Maeda Shotaro
Published: December 2008

Twenty‐three rabbits were given a single dose of 3.000R X‐irradiation over the heart to study the correlation between the ultrastructural changes of myocardial mitochondria and succinic dehydrogenase activity. The study was made from 1 hour until 1 month after irradiation. The myocardial mitochondria showed, at 1 hour, regressive changes such as irregular arrangement, swelling, vacuolation, decrease and disappearance of cristae, formation of giant mitochondria, and whorled myelin figures. These changes became maximum at 12 hours‐2 days. Regeneration of mitochondria had begun at 2 days. At 4–7 days, structurally normal mitochondria had markedly proliferated accompanied by large mitochondria with concentrically arranged cristae and small mitochondria around the nuclei and beneath the sarcolemma of myocardial cells. The myocardial succinic dehydrogenase activity, on the other hand, showed the lowest value at 12 hours ‐ 2 days, and recovered almost to the normal value at 7 days. At 2 weeks ‐1 month when myocardial fibrosis developed, however, the value again mildly decreased. Cardiac death due to radiation therapy may be Initiated by the mitochondrial hypofunction in radiation myocardial fibrosis, because the Irradiation injures the mitochondrial membrane resulting in morphological and functional changes.
MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE WITH FATAL PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Kobayashi Hideka , Sano Toshiaki , Ii Kunio , Hizawa Kazuo , Yamanoi Akira , Otsuka Toshio
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) with pulmonary hypertension is presented. A 34‐year‐old woman suffering from arthralgia, Raynaud's phenomenon, and dyspnea of 6‐years duration was diagnosed as having MCTD on the basis of a high titer (1:160,000) of serum antibody to the ribonuclease‐sensitve component of extractable nuclear antigen. Examination of cardiac function revealed the complication of pulmonary hypertension. Autopsy revealed concentric intimal cellular proliferation of the small arteries and arterioles of both lungs. Typical plexiform lesions of these vessels were also observed. These findings coincide with those of plexogenic pulmonary angiopathy of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). This is the second autopsy case of MCTD with fatal pulmonary hypertension reported and our observations suggest that some cases with PPH who had immunological abnormalities but could not be classified as cases of classical collagen disease, may have been induced by MCTD.
DIFFERENTIATION OF AMYLOID FIBRIL PROTEINS IN TISSUE SECTIONS Two Simple and Reliable Histological Methods Applied to Fifty‐one Cases of Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Fujihara Shigeyoshi
Published: December 2008

The potassium permanganate method and the unlabeled immunoperoxidase (PAP) method were applied for distinguishing different types of amyloid fibril proteins in conventionally fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections obtained from fifty‐one autopsied cases of systemic amyloidosis and three control cases of well‐analysed fibril proteins. All of the eighteen cases “sensitive” to permanganate treatment, whose amyloid deposits lost completely their affinity to Congo red and birefringence under polarized light, were shown to have AA antigenic determinants by the PAP method. Meanwhile, all of the remaining thirty‐three “resistant” cases, where Congo red affinity and birefringence were retained at various degree even only in minimal areas, were negative for AA antigenicity. This indicated the feasibility of potassium permanganate method for the identification of AA protein based on this criterion of “sensitivity”. Twenty‐eight cases were classified as AA, Aγ, Ak or AA+[Ak] the remaining twenty‐three cases were unclassified, and there were some discrepancies between the preliminary clinicopathological classification and the protein nature of the amyloid. It is important to differentiate the types of amyloid fibril protein of individual patients because the expedience of selective therapeutic approaches had been suggested. The two methods applied herein are handy and useful for this purpose.
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: ENDO Yuzo , MATSUSHITA Hiroshi , NOZAWA Yasumi , NISHIKAGE Saburo , MATSUYA Shoji , HABA Mitsuru
Published: December 2008

The glomerular changes of 50 autopsy cases of liver cirrhosis of different etiologies, such as alcohol abuse, HB virus infection, and nonA–nonB virus infection, were studied by light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The glomerular changes observed were as follows; membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type 1 (7 cases), mild form or early stage of MPGN type 1 (7 cases), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with sub–endothelial deposits (13 cases), and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis without subendothelial deposits (12 cases). These glomerular changes were frequently accompanied by predominant IgA deposition (78% of the immunofluorescence positive cases). Minimal glomerular changes without electron dense deposits were 11 cases, in which IgA was not present in the glomeruli. Thus, glomerulonephritis associated with liver cirrhosis has revealed a]spectrum'of glomerular changes from MPGN type 1 to mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with a common feature of predominant IgA deposition, despite various etiological factors of liver cirrhosis, such as alcohol abuse, hepatitis B virus infection, and nonA–nonB virus infection. A pathophysiological condition of liver cirrhosis, e.g. reduced phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system of the cirrhotic liver, Is thought to be a major factor for development of these glomerular changes. The pathogenesis of IgA predominant glomerulonephritis associated with liver cirrhosis may be concerned in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, which still remains to be clarified. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 333–346, 1983.
EPIDERMOID CARCINOMA ARISING IN PAROTID ADENOLYMPHOMATOUS LESION WITH MICRODEPOSIT OF AMYLOID SUBSTANCE
Authors: Uchibori Noriyasu , Yoshizaki Satoshi , Shamoto Mikihiro , Takeuchi Jun
Published: December 2008

A case of an epidermoid carcinoma which arose in a cystic adenolym‐phoma‐like lesion of the parotid gland is presented. Histologically, in the major part, the tumor tissue showed a papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum‐like pattern with the stroma consisting of mainly plasma cells and lymphocytes, but the epithelial element was mostly multilayered, showing a keratinous differentiation. In some areas, sebaceous‐like cells and oxyphilic cells were found in the epithelial component. In the surrounding fibrous tissue, the invasive growth of the epithelial cells could be observed. Microdeposit of amyloid substance was found in the lymphoid stromal tissue and also in the intercellular space of the epithelial element. A mass of epithelioid cells and cholesterol crystal clefts were observed in the granulomatous tissue which proliferated around the tumor tissues. About 4 months after surgical excision, a recurrent tumor, which was well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, appeared on the same site as the primary tumor.
CERVICAL THYMOMA and INCIDENCE OF CERVICAL THYMUS
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Murakami Nobuo , Noguchi Shiro , Noguchi Akito , Yokoyama Shigeo , Moriuchi Akira , Nakayama Iwao
Published: December 2008

A case of cervical thymoma in a 51‐year‐old female is reported. The tumor was located on the left side of the anterior neck just beneath the left lower lobe of the thyroid gland and there was no connection to the mediastinal thymus gland. It was well encapsulated and lobulated on the cut‐surface. Histologically, the tumor showed a mixed proliferation of lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Mitoses were frequently seen. Several tiny fragments of ectopic thymic tissue were found around the tumor. Cervical thymic tissue, considered to be the original site of the cervical thymoma, was studied and found macroscopically in 12 out of 657 patients with Basedow's disease (1.8%).
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF HEPATOGYTE ORGANELLES INDUCED BY CHEMICALS AND THEIR RELATION TO FAT ACCUMULATION IN THE LIVER
Authors: Mori Michio
Published: December 2008

Fatty liver was induced in the rats shortly after administration of cycloheximide, ethionine, orotic acid, monensin or colchicine. It was strongly suggested that derangements in one or more of the hepatic lipoprotein metabolic steps, which occur at the levels of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and secretory vacuoles lead to an accumulation of triglyceride within hepatocytes.
HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME WITH EXTENSIVE MYOCARDIAL INVOLVEMENT AND MITRAL VALVE THROMBUS INSTEAD OF MURAL THROMBI
Authors: Tanino Mikio , Kitamura Kenji , Ohta Goroku , Yamamoto Yoshiharu , Sugioka Goro
Published: December 2008

A 68‐year‐old woman complained of repeated signs of congestive heart failure during the last 10 years. Clinical examination revealed persistent marked eosinophilia of the peripheral blood. Postmortem examination of the heart revealed multiple thrombo‐embolic materials of the small vascular lumina throughout the myocardium, associated with marked perivascular and stromal infiltration of eosinophils, many foci of myocardial necrosis, and diffuse myocardial fibrosis. There was also an organizing thrombus in the posterior mitral valve. Neither subendocardial fibrosis, overlying mural thrombi in the endocardium, pulmonary infiltration of eosinophils nor systemic granulomatous or healed vasculitis in the lungs and other organs were found. The disease is preferably consistent with a diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndrome of Hardy et al., a group of ill‐defined and overlapping conditions, and best descriptively termed as eosinophilic interstitial myocarditis.
T CELL LYMPHOMA PRESENTING CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES RESEMBLING POLYMORPHIC RETICULOSIS AND LYMPHOMATOID GRANULOMATOSIS
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Matsubara Fujitsugu , Nakamura Yukio , Kawashima Yoshio , Hirone Takae , Ohta Goroku
Published: December 2008

A male, 53 years old, complained of a mass on the left side of neck. The biopsy specimens revealed extensive necrotizing lesions with polymorphonuclear leukocyte Infiltration. About three years later a recurrence from the same site was noted and the reblopsy specimens showed features of malignant lymphoma of pleomorphic type. Subsequently multiple cutaneous nodules and then ulcerative lesions of the midfacial region developed and repeated biopsies were done. Immunological examination indicated that the lymphoid cells obtained from the skin lesion had predominantly T‐lymphocyte marker. He died of massive hemorrhage from the nasopharyngeal lesion 51 months after the first admission. Autopsy revealed multiple organ Involvements, including the nasopharynx, lungs, subcutaneous tissue, and adrenal gland. The morphological features In the present case were compatible with a diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis or polymorphic reticulosis (midline malignant reticulosis), and were thought to be best designated as T cell lymphoma.
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION IN DIFFERENT AGES
Authors: Arizono Naoki , Koreto Osamu , Iwai Yasuhiro , Hidaka Takashi , Takeoka Osamu
Published: December 2008

Application of morphometric analysis to the study of neuromuscular junction is helpful to the quantitative approach of ultrastructural changes. In this study, twelve autopsied subjects of different ages were examined on the ultra‐structure of neuromuscular junctions using morphometric analysis. The postsynaptic area and postsynaptic membrane length were significantly greater in adults than in infants. The results indicate that the number and/or depth of the secondary synaptic clefts of adults are greater than those of infants. In the aged subjects, presynaptic membrane length and postsynaptic membrane density showed a significant decrease. The latter observations were thought to be the results of regressive changes of pre‐ and postsynaptic structure with aging. The variations of each structural element were also studied. The large variations were found in the postsynaptic area, postsynaptic membrane length, and membrane length ratio of adults and aged group. On the other hand, variations in postsynaptic membrane density were small in all age groups. The importance of the knowledge of these age related changes and variations in the studies of neuromuscular junction was discussed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1243–1249. 1984.
ULTRASTUCTURE OF CARTILAGINOUS TUMORS AND S‐100 PROTEIN IN THE TUMORS: With Reference to the Histogenesis of Chondroblastoma, Chondromyxoid Fibroma and Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Ushigome Shinichiro , Takakuwa Toshifumi , Shinagawa Toshihito , Takagi Masayuki , Kishimoto Hiroshi , Mori Norikatsu
Published: December 2008

Twelve cartilaginous tumors were studied by electron microscopy and the presence of S‐100 protein was studied immunohistochemically in order to clarify the cell origin of chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Three chondroblastomas were characterized by round or ovoid tumor cells with some cytoplasmic processes, well‐developed organelles and thick fibrous laminae in the nuclear membrane, occasional multinucleated giant cells and scanty chondroid matrix. S‐100 protein was demonstrated in the tumor cells and some multinucleated giant cells. Two chondromyxoid fibromas revealed tumor cells of varied shapes with character istic cartilaginous differentiation and abundant chondroid matrix. Spindle tumor cells showed the ultrastructural features of cartilage cells rather than of fibroblasts and S‐100 protein was also demontratrated in their cytoplasm. Chondroblastoma and chondomyxoid fibroma were considered to arise from chondrocytes. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma ultrastructurally exhibited round tumor cells with cartilaginous nature in cartilage islands. Poorly‐differentiated portions were composed of primitive round or elongated cells with occasionally admixed round cells with ultrastructural features of cartilaginous differentiation. S‐100 protein was demonstrated in the cells in cartilage islands and in single cells admixed in poorly‐differentiated portions. These results support the hypothesis of primitve mesenchymal origin with a tendency to differentiate toward cartilage cells. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1285–1300, 1984.
Histological and Electron Microscopic Study of Human Cases
Authors: Ebihara Yoshiro , Kitazawa Yoshiaki , Sagawa Hiroaki
Published: December 2008

Four autopsy cases of mesothelioma were studied histologically and electron microscopically. One of them showed a pure epithelial type of the peritoneal origin, characterised by a tremendous production of hyaluronic acid. The other three tumors originated from the pleura revealed a histology of biphasic type mesothelioma, which showed an admixed tubular and fibrous pattern and consisted of small‐sized cells with slight atypia. However, in some places of these tumors they showed considerable atypical features appearing like an anaplastic or squamoid carcinoma and/or spindle cell sarcoma. Hyaluronic acid was histologically demonstrated in the cytoplasmic vacuoles as well as in the luminal space surrounded by the tumor cells. Electron microscopically, varied numbers of microvilli and desmosome‐like attachments were found on the surface of the tumor cells. Mitochondria were small and round. Well‐developed rERs tended to encircle mitochondria and to dilate forming cisternae. Various amounts of microfilaments were found in the cytoplasm. The tumor cells which were rich in the latter two components, dilated rERs and microfilaments, resembled fibroblasts. Some tumor cells had phagosomes including dense and fine granules similar to ferritin, suggesting their phagocytotic activity. The hyaline matrix, common to the biphasic type tumor which was largely composed of dense collagenous tissues, was demonstrated to contain hyaluronic acid by histochemistry, and it was suggested that some secretory substances of the tumor cell may participate in composing the hyaline matrix to some extent. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1411–1424, 1984.
EVALUATION OF THE STAINING FINDINGS OF IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE IN UNFIXED OR FIXED RENAL BIOPSY SPECIMENS FROM PATIENTS WITH IGA NEPHROPATHY and MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Miuba Masahiko , Tomino Yasuhiko , Suga Takao , Endoh Masayuki , Nomoto Yasuo , Sakai Hideto
Published: December 2008

A study on the evaluation of staining findings of immunofluorescence in unfixed or fixed renal biopsy specimens is described. Renal biopsy specimens obtained from ten patients with IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy were embedded in gelatin or paraffin matrix. Renal biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin matrix were digested with 0.05% protease. The specimens were stained with FITC‐conjugated anti‐human IgA, IgG, IgM or C3 antisera at 4°C overnight. IgA, IgG or IgM were markedly observed in glomeruli using unfixed materials embedded in gelatin matrix or 10% neutral buffered formalin fixed materials embedded in paraffin matrix from patients with IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. There was no significant difference in the intensity or distribution of IgA, IgG or IgM deposition among the two different conditions of immunofluorescence in patients with such diseases. Although the deposition of IgA using unfixed materials embedded in gelatin matrix was prominently coarse granular or lumpy in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy, that of IgA using 10% formalin fixed materials embedded in paraffin matrix was fine granular and/or interrupted linear in glomeruli. It was suggested that the immunofluorescence in renal biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin matrix after digestion with protease is useful for the evaluation of immunoglobulins in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy or membranous nephropathy. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 315–321, 1985.
MYOEPITHELIOMA OF THE PAROTID GLAND
Authors: Tanimura Akira , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Nagayama Kazuhiko , Tanaka Shyunichi , Hachisuka Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Two cases of myoepithelioma occurring in the parotid gland were reported. These tumors consisted of spindle cells that exhibited an arrangement similar to leiomyoma or fibroma. The diagnosis was made on the basis of characteristic ultrastructural as well as immunohistochemical findings : The tumor cells of the two cases likewise contained myofilaments and gave a positive result for the S‐100 protein immunohistochemical technique. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 409–417, 1985.
NONCHROMAFFIN PARAGANGLIOMA IN THE NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES
Authors: Ueda Norifumi , Yoshida Aichi , Fukunisht Ryo , Fujita Hiroshi , Yanagihara Naoaki
Published: December 2008

Nonchromaffin paraganglioma occurring in the nose and paranasal sinuses are extremely rare. The authors have experienced a case of nonchromaffin paraganglioma of nasal cavity which extended to the epiphar‐ynx. To our knowledge, this reported case is the fourth case that has appeared in the world literature.

The patient, a 31‐year‐old female, had complained of a right nasal obstruction and mucopurulent rhinorrhea for two years. The right nasal cavity was filled with a polypoid mass showing no bleeding tendency or necrosis. Radiographs revealed a homogeneous shadow which occupied the entire nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Histopathological studies revealed that the tumor showed typical findings of nonchromaffin paraganglioma and neurosecretory ganules in cytoplasm were observed by electron microscopic study. Subsequently, the tumor recurred at on the posterior epipharyngeal wall after a duration of one year and three months, and was removed completely. Since then, there was no recurrence of the tumor until the present time. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 489–495, 1985.
pH‐RELATED DIFFERENTIATION IN THE EPITHELIA OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA OF POSTNATAL RATS
Authors: Watanabe Hiromitsu , Naito Masashi , Kawashima Kengo , Ito Akihiro
Published: December 2008

The postnatal development of the gastric mucosa was observed in Long Evans rats. In both pyloric and fundic mucosae, the mitotic index peaked at 5 days of age and then gradually decreased to reach a constant level from 14 days of age onward (P<0.05), the germinal region shifted from the deeper area of the mucosae upward to the middle layer. The number of parietal cells increased gradually (P<0.05). Gastric pH on the mucosal surface decreased from 6 on the day of birth to about 4 at 7 days of age and to about 2 at 28 days of age. The inverse relationship between the number of parietal cells and pH value on gastric mucosa was found to be highly significant (P<0.01). Trehalase and sucrase activities were observed at 7 days of age and lactase and maltase activities from 0 to 14 days of age. In the pyloric mucosae, foveolae containing goblet cells which were positive for Alcian blue‐PAS and HID were observed between 0 and 7 days of age. These cells disappeared by 14 days of age concurrently with the decrease in pH value and increase in the number of parietal cells. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 569–576, 1985.
LYMPHOMATOID GRANULOMATOSIS: Light Microscopic, Electron Microscopic and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Minase Takashi , Ogasawaea Minoru , Kikuchi Takanori , Hirai Hideaki , Suzuki Akira , Nishio Chieko , Ogawa Katsuhiro , Kikuchi Kokichi , Mori Michio
Published: December 2008

A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) involving the lungs, skin, stomach, and possibly the left kidney in a 60‐year‐old man is presented. The infiltrates in the lungs, stomach, and skin showed a polymorphic appearance, and consisted predominantly of lymphocytes of mature and blastic form and of a few neutrophils, plasma cells, and histiocytes. Most lymphoid cells showed irregularly shaped nuclei and clustered dense bodies, characteristics indicative of T lymphocytes. An immunohistochemical study confirmed the T cell origin of the lymphocytes; i.e. they were positive for Leu‐1, Leu‐3a and la‐like antigens but negative for Leu‐2a antigen and the antibodies against light chains. The homogeniety of the major population of infiltrates in LYG indicates that at least some forms of LYG may be neoplastic or pre‐neoplastic lymphocytic disorders which may ultimately progress to malignant lymphoma. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 711–721, 1985.
APPLICATION OF PARIETAL CELL AUTOANTIBODY TO HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Hara Masafumi
Published: December 2008

Parietal cell antibody (PCA) from the serum of a patient with type A gastritis was used for the immunohistochemical demonstration of human parietal cells not only in frozen sections but in paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. The antigenicity was occasionally lost in paraffin sections of routine surgical materials. With the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, PCA clearly detected antigenic substances on the intracytoplasmic canalicular structures and focally on the apical plasma membranes. These intracellular localization patterns differed from those of intrinsic factor, which was present on fine vesicular structures along the intracytoplasmic canaliculi and apical plasma membranes. A few PCA‐reactive cells were further demonstrated in normal pyloric glands, atrophic fundic glands with pseudopyloric gland metaplasia and cystic changes, a hamartomatous polyp in the fundic mucosa, and in heterotopic gastric mucosa in the duodenum. Developing parietal cells in the newborn stomach were also visualized by PCA. In one of 16 surgical specimens of gastric cancer, abortive gland lumens formed by the cancer cells were focally positive with PCA. Immunostaining with PCA was, therefore, a useful tool for the detection of pathological alterations of human parietal cells in routine histopathology specimens. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 823–829, 1985.
MULTIPLE HORMONE PRODUCTION IN AN OAT CELL CARCINOMA OF THE LARYNX
Authors: Bishop John W. , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

A 60‐year‐old white woman with laryngeal oat cell carcinoma is described. She was a heavy smoker who had been treated seven years earlier with 5,000 rads for a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to a left submandibular lymph node. She presented this time with a two month history of hoarseness and tumor of the supraglottic larynx was found. There was clinical and chemical evidence of an ectopic ACTH syndrome. The histology and fine structure of the tumor were typical of oat cell carcinoma. Immuno‐reactive ACTH, GRP, NSE, Beta‐endorphin, calcitonin, and keratin were found in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells by indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. We could find no previously reported case of laryngeal oat cell carcinoma with ectopic ACTH syndrome or cytoplasmic localization of polypetides. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 915–923, 1985.
A CYSTIC ADENOMATOID TUMOR OF THE UTERUS SIMULATING LYMPHANGIOMA GROSSLY
Authors: Iwasaki Isao , Yu Ten Jun , Tamaru Junichi , Asanuma Katsumi
Published: December 2008

We are reporting a rare case of an adenomatoid tumor of the uterus having multicystic gross appearance. A 32‐year‐old woman complaining of dysmenorrhea had multicystic mass lesions on the posterior wall of the right cornual region of the uterus. The specimen showed a honeycomb appearance with mucoid content. Microscopically, numerous gland‐like spaces lined with low cuboidal cells were observed beneath the serosa, and mucopolysaccharide material accumulated in the cystic spaces forming honeycomb‐like lesions surrounded by myometrial tissue.

The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 9th day after the operation. “Cystic adenomatoid tumor of the uterus” was diagnosed. The patient is being followed up continuously, so far without recurrence. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 989–993, 1985.
FIBROMA OF TENDON SHEATH: A TUMOR OF MYOFIBROBLASTS
Authors: HASHIMOTO Hiroshi , TSUNEYOSHI Masazumi , DAIMARU Yutaka , USHIJIMA Masahiro , ENJOJI Munetomo
Published: December 2008

A clinicopathologic study of 18 cases of fibroma of tendon sheath included an immunohistochemical survey of 7 cases and an electron‐microscopic examination of one. The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 77 years, with a median of 34 years. The most common site of the tumors was the finger (7 cases), followed by the knee (3), the hand (2), and the foot (2). The median greatest diameter of the tumor was 2 cm. The tumors were attached or closely related to the tendon or tendon sheath, and usually well circumscribed, and multinodular or tabulated. Microscopically, spindle or stellate tumor cells with fuchsinophilic cytoplasm were embedded in a dense fibrous stroma with scattered small blood vessels. Most tumor cells have immunoreaction products for actin in the cytoplasm with accentuation along the cell membrane. Ultrastructurally, many of the tumor cells proved to be myofibroblasts.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF EARLY LESIONS OF INTRAVASCULAR BRONCHIOLOALVEOLAR TUMOR WITH LIVER INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Nakatani Yukio , Aoki Ichiro , Misugi Kazuaki
Published: December 2008

Autopsy findings including immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumors (IVBAT) of the lung and liver which were incidentally found in a 68‐year‐old man were reported. The tumors presented as several, small nodular lesions in bilateral lungs and liver. Immunohistochemical study using the antibody against Factor VIII‐related antigen and electron microscopic study suggested endothelial nature of both pulmonary and hepatic lesions. The study by using anti‐estradiol antibody revealed the presence of estrogen in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells, suggesting the possibility of the presence of estrogen receptors in the cells. Although the result is still preliminary, some role of estrogen in the development of IVBAT is suggested. The hepatic lesions have been thought to be metastases from the pulmonary IVBAT but the other possibilities such as primary hepatic or multicentric origin must be considered. Review of the previous reports of IVBAT disclosed several cases which were associated with liver involvement. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 1453–1465, 1985.
PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY BONE MARROW EMBOLISM
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: December 2008

In order to investigate the initial lesions of pulmonary bone marrow embolism and its pathogenesis, the author studied the pulmonary changes of 70 rabbits during a 24‐hour period after the Infusion of 500 mg of fresh allogeneic bone marrow into the marginal ear veins. After 30 minutes, leukostasis was observed in the non‐embolized small arteries. After 2 hours, leukostasis increased and by 5 to 10 hours, it reached a maximum, still decreased considerably after 24 hours. In the perivascular connective tissue, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration had occurred as a result of Increased vascular permeability due to leukostasis. Fifteen minutes after intravenous administration of a single shot of indomethacln (5 mg/kg), the Infusion of allogeneic bone marrow was performed. Five hours after the infusion, the suppression of pulmonary vascular leukostasis and interstitial edema were observed. The effect of drugs on morphological changes, however, is extremely small in the group pre‐treated with diphenhydramine hydrochloride (3 mg/kg). The author concluded that the mechanical Injury of vascular endothelial cells by emboli and the accumulation of leukocytes in the pulmonary vessels may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the initial change of pulmonary bone marrow embolism. It is also suggested that the embolized bone marrow in the small arteries and vasculitis may lead to arteriosclerosis in the future.
MULTIPLE PRIMARY MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA OF THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: Shibuya Hiroyuki , Azumi Norio , Onda Yoshikazu , Abe Fumihiko
Published: December 2008

A case of multicentric malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the stomach and small intestine is reported. The patient was a 60‐year‐old man who had total gastrectomy under an impression of a gastric carcinoma. The resected stomach revealed a large polypoid mass in the antral portion at the greater curvature. Three months later, he developed ileus and an 80 cm segment of the jejunum was removed. It contained two polypoid masses identical to that seen in the stomach. The tumors showed, in addition to the characteristic light microscopic appearances, strong positivity for alpha‐1‐antitrypsin by an immunoperoxidase technique, indicating the diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Electron microscopic findings were also consistent with MFH. We believe that this is the first well‐documented case of MFH arising from the stomach and small intestine, to the best of our knowledge.
A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL REVIEW OF 12 AUTOPSIED CASES OF ADULT T‐CELL LEUKEMIA
Authors: Haratake Joji , Horie Akio , Oda Susumu , Chiba Shozo , Kobori Katsuji , Sato Hitoshi
Published: December 2008

Twelve autopsied cases with adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) were reviewed clinicopathologically. The prognosis of three cases who had suffered from severe cutaneous lesions was much better than that of the other nine cases with no or negligible cutaneous lesions. The surface marker of leukemic cells from six cases was ordinary inducer/helper phenotype (OKT4+ and 8‐), but in one case leukemic cells showed OKT4+ and 8+. In another case, a significant amount of leukemic cell infiltration was found in the thymic cortex. Calcium content in the bone of ATL cases was lower than that of the patients without ATL (control group), and six cases with ATL (50%) were complicated by severe hypercalcemia. Neither adenoma nor hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands was found in any case. In most severely hypercalcemic patients, bone trabeculae were actively absorbed by numerous osteoclasts and partly replaced by fibrous tissues. In two normocalcemic patients, skeletal calcium content was also markedly reduced by osteoporosis, but the activation of osteoclasts was inconspicuous. It was speculated that the manner of bone resorption in ATL cases was diverse and there were some clinicopathological subtypes in ATL from the viewpoints of cutaneous lesions, hypercalcemia, and bone lesions.
FATAL HEPATIC NECROSIS AFTER SHOCK
Authors: IRIE Hiroshi , MORI Wataru
Published: December 2008

A clinicopathological study was undertaken in 15 cases of massive hepatic necrosis after shock. The GOT and GPT level exceeded 1000 units in 10 cases. The 15 cases consisted of 3 diagnosed as fulminant hepatitis clinically and 12 diagnosed as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or multiple systemic organ failure (MOF) from the unremarkableness of liver dysfunction. It was noteworthy that sepsis and surgery were closely associated with these lesions. The weight of the liver at autopsy ranged from 800 to 2,700 g. Liver necrosis was macroscopically characterized by clear demarcation of the necrotic areas sharply separated from the surrounding liver parenchyma, showing the appearance of so‐called “map‐like necrosis”. Microscopically, the lesions in these subjects showed mainly the pattern of centrilobular necrosis. As observed in the burn shock case (case 12), the shock which provoked in different phases of time seemed to have repeated its attack. These liver necroses were considered to result from severe systemic circulatory disturbance or intrahepatic circulatory disturbance. The possibility is indicated that the generalized or univisceral Shwartzman reaction, and repeated and combined severe shock participated in the pathogenesis. Fibrin thrombi aggrevate tissue perfusion and accelerate anoxia. Heparin therapy seemed effective in these cases if administered at an appropriate time.
GASTRIC LEIOMYOSARCOMA WITH MASSIVE MYXOID DEGENERATION: A Histochemical and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Haratake Joji , Horie Akio , Higashi Takashi
Published: December 2008

Histochemical and ultrastructural features of a gastric myxoid leiomyosarcoma from a 55‐year‐old man were examined. At autopsy, the tumor was located mainly in the greater omentum and was directly connected to a coinsized gastric tumor. Multiple hepatic metastases and peritoneal disseminations were noted. Light‐microscopically, the tumor was composed of a prominent myxoid stroma and ovoid or rounded tumor cells. The myxoid stroma was stained weakly basophilic with hematoxylin and eosin, and was mainly composed of hyaluronic acid. Tumor cells in the stomach were spindle‐shaped and apparently myogenic. Ultrastructurally, the gastric tumor cells showed a loose cohesion with junctional apparatuses, pinocytotic vesicles, basal laminae, and cytoplasmic filaments with focal densities. Tumor cells in the omentum and the liver, however, were poorly differentiated and showed an epithelioid nature in part. This unique leiomyosarcoma is reported with some differential diagnoses from other myxoid sarcomas.