bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cu-catalyzed cycloaddition of aryl azides to 1-iodobuta-1,3-diynes: an experimental and quantum chemical study of unusual regiochemistry
Authors: Govdi Anastasia I. , Danilkina Natalia A. , Shtyrov Andrey A. , Ryazantsev Mikhail N. , Kim Mia D. , Kryukova Mariya A. , Balova Irina A.
Published: February 2024

The nontrivial CuAAC regiochemistry of aryl azides and 1-iodobutadiynes helped to establish the binuclear character of the CuAAC mechanism for iodoalkynes.
Investigation on chloro-bridged binuclear copper(ii) complexes as potent metallodrug candidates against colon cancer via chemical and biological assessments
Authors: Sankar Neethu , Devarajan Badhmapriya , Manimuthu Akilesh , Nattamai S. P. Bhuvanesh , Nallasamy Dharmaraj , Velusamy Kaveri Machampalayam
Published: February 2024

Synthesized binuclear copper(ii) complexes have been utilized for catechol oxidase mimicking activity, DNA/BSA interactions, molecular docking and pharmacological potential assessment against colon cancer and normal skin cells through in vitro method.
Unravelling the atomistic mechanisms underpinning the morphological evolution of Al-alloyed hematite
Authors: Gu Jinxing , Yang Sasha , Liu Jefferson Zhe , Zhang Lian
Published: February 2024

Hydrothermal synthesis based upon the use of Al3+ as the dopant and/or ethanol as the solvent is effective in promoting the growth of hematite into nanoplates rich in the (001) surface, which is highly active for a broad range of catalytic applications.
Clay based heterogeneous catalysts for carbon–nitrogen bond formation: a review
Authors: Kumar P. Vinoth , Madhumitha G.
Published: February 2024

In this review, we discussed about clay based heterogeneous catalysts used for carbon–nitrogen bond formation.
Iodine-catalyzed regioselective direct sulfenylation of uracil with sulfonyl hydrazide as sulfur source under solvent free conditions
Authors: Wang Cong , Peng Qi-Yun , Wu Yi , He Yan-Ling , Zheng Xiao-He , Wang Hai-Bo , Xin Jia-Min , He Qing , Xie Jun , Tang Lei
Published: February 2024

A facile method was developed for the selective thioetherification of uracils using sulfonyl hydrazide as the thioetherification reagent.
Assessing the effect of acid and alkali treatment on a halloysite-based catalyst for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Abotaleb Ahmed , Al-Masri Dema , Alkhateb Alaa , Mroue Kamal , Zekri Atef , Mashhour Yasmin , Sinopoli Alessandro
Published: February 2024

Aluminosilicate nanotubular clays (HNTs) for methane dry reforming have recently received wide attention. Acid-treated HNTs show enhanced surface area and active sites, while alkali-treated ones exhibit improved stability and CO2 adsorption.
Synthesis of hierarchical mordenite by solvent-free method for dimethyl ether carbonylation reaction
Authors: Wang Xiaosheng , Liu Shaoduo , Wang Hongjing , Liu Yinghui , Zhang Yangyang , Li Ranjia , Yu Changchun , Ren Kun , Yang Pengcheng
Published: February 2024

A series of hierarchical mordenite (MOR) catalysts were synthesized by adding soft templates via the solvent-free method.
Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe for nitroreductase activity enables 3D imaging of hypoxic cells within intact tumor spheroids
Authors: Morsby Janeala J. , Zhang Zhumin , Burchett Alice , Datta Meenal , Smith Bradley D.
Published: February 2024

A ratiometric, near-infrared fluorescent molecular probe reports nitroreductase activity and enables three-dimensional optical sectioning of intact tumor spheroids with visualization of individual hypoxic cells.
Supramolecular copolymerization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers in liquid crystalline media
Authors: Morishita Daiki , Itoh Yoshimitsu , Furukawa Ko , Arai Noriyoshi , Zhang Xu-Jie , Aida Takuzo
Published: February 2024

Two porphyrin-based monomers, C10P2H and TEGPCu, which have mutually incompatible side chains, undergo self-sorting supramolecular polymerization in a dilute solution, but can copolymerize to give a columnar LC phase in a mesogenic medium 5OCB.
Preorganized cyclic modules facilitate the self-assembly of protein nanostructures
Authors: Snoj Jaka , Lapenta Fabio , Jerala Roman
Published: February 2024

Modular protein cages can self-assemble from multiple preorganized modules. We implemented an intein-mediated cyclization that enhanced the structural stability and definition of protein–protein interaction surfaces.
Lignocellulosic–biomolecules conjugated systems: green-engineered complexes modified by covalent linkers
Authors: Lima Pedro Henrique Correia de , Ribeiro-Viana Renato Márcio , Plath André Mathias Souza , Grillo Renato
Published: February 2024

Lignocellulosic-biomolecule conjugated systems represent potential eco-friendly materials applicable across various fields, including medicine, environmental sciences, food packaging, and agriculture.
Fabrication of a core–shell nanofibrous wound dressing with an antioxidant effect on skin injury
Authors: Feng Kexin , Tang Jinlan , Qiu Ruiyang , Wang Bin , Wang Jianglin , Hu Weikang
Published: February 2024

Coaxial electrospinning produced biodegradable nanofibers (PSTs) with a core–shell structure. These PSTs exhibited anti-oxidative properties as well as outstanding biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties.
Electrochemical desulfurative formation of C–N bonds through selective activation of inert C(sp3)–S bonds
Authors: Guo Shaopeng , Li Yujun , Li Qing-Han , Zheng Ke
Published: February 2024

An efficient, metal-free electrocatalytic desulfurative strategy for the construction of C–N bonds by selectively activating inert C(sp3)–S bonds of alkyl thioethers.
Correction: 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and high-pressure structural analysis for the mechanism of pressure-induced unique magnetic behaviour in (cation)[FeIIFeIII(dto)3] (cation = Ph4P and nPrPh3P; dto = 1,2-dithiooxalato)
Authors: Taniai Ryosuke , Endo Tsubasa , Kanetomo Takuya , Okazawa Atsushi , Kadobayashi Hirokazu , Kawaguchi Saori I. , Enomoto Masaya
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and high-pressure structural analysis for the mechanism of pressure-induced unique magnetic behaviour in (cation)[FeIIFeIII(dto)3] (cation = Ph4P and nPrPh3P; dto = 1,2-dithiooxalato)’ by Ryosuke Taniai et al., Dalton Trans., 2023, 52, 8368–8375.
Correction: A hierarchical porous P-doped carbon electrode through hydrothermal carbonization of pomelo valves for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Jing , Chen Jie , Yin Zhenyao , Wu Jinggao
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘A hierarchical porous P-doped carbon electrode through hydrothermal carbonization of pomelo valves for high-performance supercapacitors’ by Jing Huang et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2020, 2, 3284–3291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NA00211A.
Exploring borderline SN1–SN2 mechanisms: the role of explicit solvation protocols in the DFT investigation of isopropyl chloride
Authors: de Andrade Karine Nascimento , Peixoto Bárbara Pereira , Carneiro José Walkimar de Mesquita , Fiorot Rodolfo Goetze
Published: February 2024

We explored borderline SNX reactions quantum-chemically, revealing a preferred dissociative-SN2 pathway controlled by solute–solvent interactions through various solvation models.
Microalgae-derived Co3O4 nanomaterials for catalytic CO oxidation
Authors: Sidorowicz Agnieszka , Yigit Nevzat , Wicht Thomas , Stöger-Pollach Michael , Concas Alessandro , Orrù Roberto , Cao Giacomo , Rupprechter Günther
Published: February 2024

Sustainable nanosized Co3O4 catalysts, derived from microalgae extracts and post-synthesis treatments, were employed for oxidative CO removal.
Seeing in re-ascension to Horizon Europe with a bang
Authors: Williams Harry
Published: February 2024

As I suspect all of you and your pets will know, when the UK formally left the European Union on 1 January 2021, the UK’s association with the Horizon Europe programme also came to an end. Fast-forward a couple of prime ministers and we’re back in – as of 1 January 2024. To celebrate, our friends at Imperial College London hosted a reception, bringing together over 200 members of the UK and European science communities. As a member of the Biochemical Society’s Early Career Advisory Panel and as someone whose own research journey has been supported by generous funding from EU programmes, I was more than happy to be asked to represent the Biochemical Society at the event.
Atypical RhoUV GTPases in development and disease
Authors: Woo Stephanie , Strasser Leesa
Published: February 2024

RhoU and RhoV are members of the Rho family of small GTPases that comprise their own subfamily. RhoUV GTPases are classified as atypical due to the kinetics of their GTP/GDP binding cycles. They also possess unique N- and C-termini that regulate their subcellular localization and activity. RhoU and RhoV have been linked to cytoskeletal regulation, cell adhesion, and cell migration. They each exhibit distinct expression patterns during embryonic development and diseases such as cancer metastasis, suggesting they have specialized functions. In this review, we will discuss the known functions of RhoU and RhoV, with a focus on their roles in early development, organogenesis, and disease.
Excessive hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy impairs rat uterine artery function via activation of Toll-like receptor 4
Authors: de Oliveira Amanda A. , Elder Emma , Spaans Floor , Graton Murilo E. , Quon Anita , Kirschenman Raven , Wooldridge Amy L. , Cooke Christy-Lynn M. , Davidge Sandra T.
Published: February 2024

Hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy is a physiological process required for normal fetal development. In contrast, excessive pregnancy-specific hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of complications, such as preeclampsia. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a membrane receptor modulated by high cholesterol levels, leading to endothelial dysfunction; but whether excessive hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy activates TLR4 is not known. We hypothesized that a high cholesterol diet (HCD) during pregnancy increases TLR4 activity in uterine arteries, leading to uterine artery dysfunction. Sprague Dawley rats were fed a control diet (n=12) or HCD (n=12) during pregnancy (gestational day 6–20). Vascular function was assessed in main uterine arteries using wire myography (vasodilation to methacholine and vasoconstriction to phenylephrine; with and without inhibitors for mechanistic pathways) and pressure myography (biomechanical properties). Exposure to a HCD during pregnancy increased maternal blood pressure, induced proteinuria, and reduced the fetal-to-placental weight ratio for both sexes. Excessive hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy also impaired vasodilation to methacholine in uterine arteries, whereby at higher doses, methacholine caused vasoconstriction instead of vasodilation in only the HCD group, which was prevented by inhibition of TLR4 or prostaglandin H synthase 1. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide levels were reduced in HCD compared with control dams. Vasoconstriction to phenylephrine and biomechanical properties were similar between groups. In summary, excessive hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy impairs uterine artery function, with TLR4 activation as a key mechanism. Thus, TLR4 may be a target for therapy development to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes in complicated pregnancies.
Face Forgery Detection with Long‐Range Noise Features and Multilevel Frequency‐Aware Clues
Authors: Zhao Yi , Jin Xin , Gao Song , Wu Liwen , Yao Shaowen , Jiang Qian
Published: February 2024

The widespread dissemination of high‐fidelity fake faces created by face forgery techniques has caused serious trust concerns and ethical issues in modern society. Consequently, face forgery detection has emerged as a prominent topic of research to prevent technology abuse. Although, most existing face forgery detectors demonstrate success when evaluating high‐quality faces under intra‐dataset scenarios, they often overfit manipulation‐specific artifacts and lack robustness to postprocessing operations. In this work, we design an innovative dual‐branch collaboration framework that leverages the strengths of the transformer and CNN to thoroughly dig into the multimodal forgery artifacts from both a global and local perspective. Specifically, a novel adaptive noise trace enhancement module (ANTEM) is proposed to remove high‐level face content while amplifying more generalized forgery artifacts in the noise domain. Then, the transformer‐based branch can track long‐range noise features. Meanwhile, considering that subtle forgery artifacts could be described in the frequency domain even in a compression scenario, a multilevel frequency‐aware module (MFAM) is developed and further applied to the CNN‐based branch to extract complementary frequency‐aware clues. Besides, we incorporate a collaboration strategy involving cross‐entropy loss and single center loss to enhance the learning of more generalized representations by optimizing the fusion features of the dual branch. Extensive experiments on various benchmark datasets substantiate the superior generalization and robustness of our framework when compared to the competing approaches.
Novel EBG‐type power/ground network with open stub bridges for broadband SSN suppression
Authors: Shen Sheng‐Qi , Wang Xiao‐Hua , Shi Hai‐Xia
Published: February 2024

A novel electromagnetic bandgap power/ground (P/G) network is proposed by using λ/4 open stub resonators for the broadband suppression of the simultaneous switching noise. Since three λ/4 open stub resonators are linked to the bridge between the two cells as bandstop filter, the high‐order mode resonances can be effectively suppressed. The proposed P/G network is analyzed by the cavity modes, simulated by the full‐wave simulator, and validated by the measurement. A broadband simultaneous switching noise suppression from 0.6 to 7.6 GHz is achieved. Additionally, in comparison with the reference boards, the radiated emission has less electromagnetic interference, which validates the advantage of the proposed electromagnetic bandgap P/G network.
Relaxation linear regression with spectral–spatial constrained locality adaptive regularization for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Yang Meng‐Long , Long Chen‐Feng , Deng Yang‐Jun , Luo Xiang
Published: February 2024

Recently, relaxation linear regression has received increasing attention in image analysis. However, the current relaxation linear regression methods fail to consider the local geometrical structure and spatial information while they are applied for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. To address the above problems, this letter proposes a novel relaxation linear regression with spectral–spatial constrained locality adaptive regularization (SSLA‐RLR) method for HSI classification. The SSLA‐RLR method not only integrates the locality adaptive graph with relaxation linear regression to adaptively exploit the local geometrical structure for relieving the side effects of noise corruptions, but also takes the spatial correlations between each data point and its neighbours into consideration via spectral–spatial constraint. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted on three benchmark HSI datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Simulation of cross‐pedestrian flow in intersection based on direction fuzzy visual field
Authors: Li Shiwei , Li Qianqian , Xu Jiao , Zhang Yuzhao
Published: February 2024

Pedestrian flow refers to the spatiotemporal distribution of people moving in a defined area. At crosswalks, pedestrian dynamics exhibit complex self‐organization patterns resulting from interactions between individuals. This paper proposes a novel crosswalk pedestrian flow model based on the concept of directional fuzzy visual field (DFVF) to capture pedestrian heterogeneity. The DFVF defines fuzzy distributions of personal space and information processing capabilities, enabling improved representation of diversity compared to previous models. Incorporating k‐nearest neighbour rules in the DFVF pedestrian network topology also better mimics real‐world interactions. Using a cellular automata framework, pedestrian self‐organization effects like stratification and bottleneck oscillation are simulated at intersections. The model replicates empirically observed dynamics of density, velocity, and evacuation time. Results demonstrate that controlling pedestrian conflicts can effectively enhance crosswalk flow efficiency. This research introduces new techniques for simulating pedestrian psychology and behaviour, providing a valuable contribution to pedestrian flow theory and supporting crosswalk design optimization.
Identifying synergies between VLBI and STIX imaging
Authors: Müller Hendrik , Massa Paolo , Mus Alejandro , Kim Jong-Seo , Perracchione Emma
Published: February 2024

Context.Reconstructing an image from noisy, sparsely sampled Fourier data is an ill-posed inverse problem that occurs in a variety of subjects within science, including data analysis for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) with respect to solar observations. The need for high-resolution, high-fidelity imaging fosters the active development of a range of novel imaging algorithms in a variety of different algorithmic settings. However, despite these ongoing, parallel developments, such synergies remain unexplored.

Aims.We study, for the first time, the synergies between the data analysis for the STIX instrument and VLBI. In particular, we compare the methodologies that have been developed in both fields and evaluate their potential. In this way, we identify key trends in the performance of several algorithmic ideas and draw recommendations for the future spending of resources in the study and implementation of novel imaging algorithms.

Methods.To this end, we organized a semi-blind imaging challenge with data sets and source structures that are typical for sparse VLBI, specifically in the context of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) as well as STIX observations. We used 17 different algorithms from both communities, from six different imaging frameworks, in the challenge, making this work the largest scale code comparison for STIX and VLBI to date.

Results.We identified strong synergies between the two communities, as proven by the success of the imaging methods proposed for STIX in imaging VLBI data sets and vice versa. Novel imaging methods outperform the standard CLEAN algorithm significantly in every test case. Improvements over the performance of CLEAN offer deeper updates to the inverse modeling pipeline necessary or, consequently, the possibility to replace inverse modeling with forward modeling. Entropy-based methods and Bayesian methods perform best on STIX data. The more complex imaging algorithms utilizing multiple regularization terms (recently proposed for VLBI) add little to no additional improvements for STIX. However, they do outperform the other methods on EHT data, which correspond to a larger number of angular scales.

Conclusions.This work demonstrates the great synergy between the STIX and VLBI imaging efforts and the great potential for common developments. The comparison identifies key trends on the efficacy of specific algorithmic ideas for the VLBI and the STIX setting that may evolve into a roadmap for future developments.
Business development strategy of coffee processing in MSMEs scale using BMC approach and SWOT-AHP integration
Authors: Gama Salsabilla Andyfa , Santoso Imam , Arif Kamal Muhammad , Septifani Riska , Choirun Annisa'u
Published: February 2024

The coffee agro-industry is a sector that is currently growing rapidly in Indonesia. MSMEs Loca Nusa is one of the coffee producers in Malang City which has the potential to be developed. They sell robusta coffee at low prices and delivered from Dampit, Malang which is known to have the best quality. However, Loca Nusa still experience problems in managing their business. The purpose of this study is to identify internal and external factors, formulate and sequence strategies, and form a new development BMC. This study used SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat), the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and BMC (Business Model Canvas) approach. The results showed that the position of MSMEs Loca Nusa was in quadrant V (hold and maintain) with product development and market penetration strategies. The result of the AHP ranking showed market as the highest criteria (0.510), the highest goal is that MSMEs can expand the market to increase production figures (0,566), and the highest alternative is expanding the market to coffee shops in Malang by selling roasted bean products with various variations (0,612). The addition of strategy to the upgraded BMC is on key partner elements, value propositions, and channels.
The impact of the Rijksstudio on the museum business model as tool for value creation
Authors: Carignani Francesco , Clemente Laura , Bifulco Francesco
Published: February 2024

The diffusion of sophisticated and at the same time accessible technologies has led to a paradigm shift in the traditional ways of creating value in cultural heritage, imposing a change in the business models of organizations in the sector and in particular museums. With the aim of conducting an exploratory analysis to understand how digitization has influenced the change in cultural business models, this research focused on the Rijksstudio platform, designed and implemented by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam in order to generate new ways of relating to users and visitors. The authors chose to adopt a qualitative single case study approach and the evidence obtained was classified using Ramaswamy and Ozcan’s Co-Creation Framework (CCF) to understand how the museum redesigned its digital service through a value co-creation approach capable of generating a high degree of interaction with its target audience.
Value-driven industry transformation: Leveraging open-source to establish new standards
Authors: Steffen Barbara , Duparc Estelle , Tegeler Tim
Published: February 2024

Traditional industries face growing pressure to digitally transform. In particular, established organizations must adopt new mindsets and act to remain competitive. To counter the challenges posed by monopolies and new entrants in a diverse and fiercely competitive landscape like Logistics, the Open Logistics Foundation (OLF) plays a pivotal role. It aims at fostering the development of logistics-specific open-source-software (OSS) to establish new digital services setting industry standards and ensuring enhanced connectivity and compatibility. The OLF represents an expanding core-community of dedicated logistics organizations. This core-community collaboratively identifies, selects, and develops relevant OSS for upcoming value-serving digital services and solutions. What sets this approach apart is its departure from the traditional solution-oriented open-source model. Instead of concluding with an OSS community, it starts with a dedicated core-community aiming at setting new widely adopted standards. However, even with this standard-driven approach, designing the right solution can be as challenging as finding a unicorn. To enhance the likelihood of success, this paper designed and evaluated the Minimum Viable core-Community driven Open-Source method (MV-COS). The MV-COS offers a comprehensive and standardized support allowing to holistically craft the vision, stakeholder-specific value propositions, and the corresponding implementation strategy of OSS projects. It prioritizes the early design and assessment of its likelihood to attract and align a critical mass of users which is the fundamental requirement for establishing new de-facto standards. The MV-COS enables to fail fast and iterate early, avoiding the unnecessary expenditure of resources.
Accelerated nonmonotone line search technique for multiobjective optimization
Authors: Aminifard Zohre , Babaie-Kafaki Saman , Habibian-Dehkordi Fereidoun , Toofan Maria
Published: February 2024

In order to increase the probability of applying more recent information, a forgetting factor is embedded in the nonmonotone line search technique for minimization of the multiobjective problem concerning the partial order induced by a closed, convex, and pointed cone. The method is shown to be globally convergent without convexity assumption on the objective function. Moreover, to improve behavior of the classical steepest descent method, an accelerated scheme is presented. Ultimately, computational advantages of the algorithms are depicted on a class of standard test problems.
Psychiatric Influences on Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Call for Help
Authors: Shan Holly D. , Huffman Samuel S. , Bovill John D. , Haffner Zoë K. , Towfighi Parhom , Benedict Carol D. , Evans Karen K.
Published: February 2024

Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. However, no studies examine how psychiatric disorders influence surgical and financial outcomes. This study aimed to assess impact of a psychiatric diagnosis on patients treated for HS.

Methods Patients with HS were retrospectively identified at a single institution from 2010 to 2021. Cohorts were stratified by the presence of a psychiatric disorder. Demographics, comorbidities, and disease characteristics were collected. Outcomes assessed included the procedural interventions and emergency department (ED) visits. Financial distress was assessed via the COST-FACIT Version 2 survey.

Results Out of 138 patients, 40 (29.0%) completed the survey of which 19 (47.5%) had a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis. No demographic differences were found between cohorts. Mean follow-up was 16.1 ± 11.0 months. The psychiatric cohort had a higher median number of surgeries received (7.0 vs. 1.5, p < 0.001), a higher median number of ED visits (1.0 vs. 0, p = 0.006), and a similar hospital length of stay (p = 0.456). The mean COST-FACIT score of the overall study population was 19.2 ± 10.7 (grade 1 financial toxicity). The psych cohort had a lower mean COST-FACIT score (16.8 vs. 21.3, p = 0.092) and reported greater financial hardship (3.3 vs. 1.7, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, a psychiatric diagnosis was predictive of lower credit scores, more ED visits, and a higher number of surgeries.

Conclusion Preexisting psychiatric conditions in patients with HS are associated with increased health care utilization and surgical intervention with substantial financial distress. Plastic surgeons should be cognizant of such comorbid disorders to facilitate holistic care addressing all patient needs.
Factors Associated with the Uptake of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception and Contraceptive Use in Postpartum People with HIV at a Single Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Youniss Lara , Bui Lilian , Cejtin Helen , Schmidt Julie , Premkumar Ashish
Published: February 2024

Objective This study aimed to elucidate factors contributing to uptake of highly effective contraception, including permanent contraception, and no contraceptive plan among postpartum people with HIV (PWHIV).

Study Design A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to correlate postpartum birth control (PPBC) with sociodemographic and biomedical variables among postpartum PWHIV who received care at The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center and delivered at John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County in Chicago, from 2012 to 2020.

Results Earlier gestational age (GA) at initiation of prenatal care, having insurance, and increased parity are associated with uptake of highly effective contraception. Meanwhile, later GA at presentation increased odds of having no PPBC plan.

Conclusion Early prenatal care, adequate insurance coverage, and thorough PPBC counseling are important for pregnant PWHIV.

Key Points
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Active Cancer Receiving Rivaroxaban or Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin: The OSCAR-UK Study
Authors: Cohen Alexander T. , Wallenhorst Christopher , Rivera Marcella , Ay Cihan , Schaefer Bernhard , Abdelgawwad Khaled , Psaroudakis George , Brobert Gunnar , Ekbom Anders , Lee Agnes Y. Y. , Khorana Alok A. , Becattini Cecilia , Carrier Marc , Coleman Craig I. , Martinez Carlos
Published: February 2024

Background In most patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CT), essentially those not at high risk of bleeding, guidelines recommend treatment with direct oral anticoagulants as an alternative to low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). Population-based studies comparing these therapies are scarce.

Objectives To compare the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrences, significant bleeding, and all-cause mortality in patients with CT receiving rivaroxaban or LMWHs.

Patients/Methods Using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink data from 2013 to 2020, we generated a cohort of patients with first CT treated initially with either rivaroxaban or LMWH. Patients were observed 12 months for VTE recurrences, significant bleeds (major bleeds or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding requiring hospitalization), and all-cause mortality. Overlap weighted sub-distribution hazard ratios (SHRs) compared rivaroxaban with LMWH in an intention-to-treat analysis.

Results The cohort consisted of 2,259 patients with first CT, 314 receiving rivaroxaban, and 1,945 LMWH, mean age 72.4 and 66.9 years, respectively. In the 12-month observational period, 184 person-years following rivaroxaban and 1,057 following LMWH, 10 and 66 incident recurrent VTE events, 20 and 102 significant bleeds, and 10 and 133 deaths were observed in rivaroxaban and LMWH users, respectively. The weighted SHR at 12 months for VTE recurrences in rivaroxaban compared with LMWH were 0.80 (0.37–1.73); for significant bleeds 1.01 (0.57–1.81); and for all-cause mortality 0.49 (0.23–1.06).

Conclusion Patients with CT, not at high risk of bleeding, treated with either rivaroxaban or LMWH have comparable effectiveness and safety outcomes. This supports the recommendation that rivaroxaban is a reasonable alternative to LMWH for the treatment of CT.
Access to 8-Aminoindolizine Fused with Quinone via Cu(OAc)2-Catalyzed Domino [4+2] Annulation
Authors: Lee Sunhee , Lee Yechan , Namkung Wan , Kim Ikyon
Published: February 2024

Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed [4+2] annulation of N-substituted pyrrole-2-carbonitriles with quinones allowed access to a wide range of 8-aminoindolizines fused with quinones through a domino process involving a sequence of intermolecular Michael addition, Thorpe–Ziegler type cyclization, and aromatization. Biological evaluation of the resulting quinone-8-aminoindolizine hybrids revealed significant anticancer effects of these compounds in human hepatocellular cells (HepG2) and prostate adenocarcinoma cells (PC-3).
A Guide to Cross-Sectional Studies in Homeopathic Research: Part 3 of the Research Method Series
Authors: Dutta Abhijit
Published: February 2024

The cross-sectional study design, a prominent feature in the realm of health research, entails the simultaneous measurement of outcomes and exposures among study participants. This study design finds frequent application in homeopathic contexts, particularly in population-based surveys and the evaluation of disease prevalence or understanding the patient preferences in clinic-based samples. Notably, the utilisation of cross-sectional studies in homeopathy brings forth advantages such as expeditiousness and cost-effectiveness. These studies, serving as valuable precursors, play a pivotal role in offering crucial information before embarking on more extensive research endeavours, such as planning comprehensive cohort studies or establishing baseline measurements. While their rapid and economical nature allows for the efficient assessment of prevalence and associations, it is imperative to exercise caution when drawing causal inferences, given the singular nature of exposure and outcome measurements. This paper is meticulously designed to serve as a guide, aiding readers in comprehending the intricate nuances of cross-sectional study design and their judicious application in real-world scenarios, particularly within the dynamic landscape of homeopathy. By delving into the deeper aspects of conducting and reporting such studies, this paper aims to equip researchers and practitioners with the knowledge and insights needed to navigate the technicalities of cross-sectional research within the distinctive context of homeopathic practice.
Algorithm for Nasal Breathing Impairment Evaluation
Authors: Xavier Rui
Published: February 2024

Assessing patients with complaints of nasal obstruction has traditionally been done by evaluation of the nasal airway looking for fixed or dynamic obstructive locations that could impair nasal airflow. Not infrequently, however, symptoms of nasal obstruction do not match the clinical examination of the nasal airway. Addressing this subset of patients may be a challenge to the surgeon. Evaluation of patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction should include a combination of a patient-reported assessment of nasal breathing and at least one objective method for measuring nasal airflow or nasal airway resistance or dimensions. This will allow distinction between patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction and low airflow or high nasal airway resistance and patients with similar symptoms but whose objective evaluation demonstrates normal nasal airflow or normal airway dimensions or resistance. Patients with low nasal airflow or high nasal airway resistance will require treatment to increase nasal airflow as a necessary step to improve symptoms, whereas patients with normal nasal airflow or nasal airway resistance will require a multidimensional assessment looking for less obvious causes of impaired nasal breathing sensation.
Localization of beam generated whistler wave and turbulence generation in reconnection region of magnetopause
Authors: Jyoti  , Sharma Suresh. C. , Sharma R. P.
Published: February 2024

Whistler waves have been studied for many years in relation to turbulence and particle heating, and observations show that they are crucial to magnetic reconnection. Recent research has revealed a close relationship between magnetic reconnection and turbulence. The current work investigates the whistler turbulence caused by the energetic electron beam in the magnetic reconnection sites of magnetopause and also due to dynamic evolution of magnetic islands. For this, we develop a model based upon the two-fluid approximation to study whistler dynamics, propagating in the medium with the pre-existing chain of magnetic islands and under the influence of background density perturbation originating from ponderomotive nonlinearity of wave. Dynamics of nonlinear whistler have been solved with pseudo-spectral approach and a finite difference method with a modified predictor–corrector method and a Runge Kutta method for the semianalytical model. In the current research, we study how the nonlinear whistler wave contributes to the significant space phenomenon, i.e., turbulence, localization, and magnetic reconnection. We have also investigated the formation of a current sheet in a magnetopause region of the order of few-electron inertial length. We analyzed the power spectrum at the magnetopause when the system reached a quasi-steady condition. Our new approach to study whistler turbulence by an energetic electron beam at the magnetic reconnection sites has extensive applications to space plasmas, shedding a new light on the study of magnetic reconnection in nature.
Electroosmosis of viscoelastic fluids in pH-sensitive hydrophobic microchannels: Effect of surface charge-dependent slip length
Authors: Mehta Sumit Kumar , Ghosh Agniva , Mondal Pranab Kumar , Wongwises Somchai
Published: February 2024

We analytically investigated the electroosmotic flow characteristics of complex viscoelastic liquids within a charged hydrophobic microchannel, considering the pH and salt concentration-dependent surface charge effects in our analysis. We examined the variation of the electric-double layer (EDL) potential field, the surface charge-dependent slip (SCDS) length, the flow field, the viscosity ratio, and both normal and shear stresses in relation to the bulk pH, bulk salt concentration, and Deborah number of the solution. Our current findings indicate that, under strong flow resistance due to increased electrical attraction on counter ions, a highly basic solution with a high EDL potential magnitude results in a significant decrease in the slip length. Neglecting the effect of SCDS leads to an overestimation of flow velocity, with this overprediction being more pronounced for highly basic solutions. This overestimation diminishes as bulk salt concentration increases, particularly when compared to strongly acidic solutions. Furthermore, a noticeable increase in average velocity is observed as the Deborah number rises for highly basic solutions compared to highly acidic ones. This is attributed to the substantial reduction in apparent viscosity caused by the shear-thinning nature of the liquid at higher shear rates, supported by a larger zeta potential modulated strong electrical force for basic solutions. Additionally, we found that the intensity of shear and normal stresses tends to increase with bulk pH, primarily due to the rise in electric body force at higher zeta potential. These results can potentially inform the design and development of a compact, nonmoving electroosmotic pump for transporting biological species with varying physiological properties, such as solution pH. This technology could be applied in subsequent processes involving mixing, separation, flow-focusing for cell sorting, and other related applications.
Experimental investigation on liquid breakup regimes and spray characteristics in slinger atomizers with various injection orifices
Authors: Hou Jing , Zhu Zhixin , Ma Chengbiao , Wang Gaofeng , Barakat Elsayed
Published: February 2024

Slinger atomizers, known as one type of rotary atomizers, have been widely applied in various small gas turbine engines. The fuel can be well atomized by taking advantage of the high rotational speed of the turbine shaft. The geometric characteristics of the injection orifice play an important role in determining the atomization performance of the slingers. The breakup regimes and the droplet size of the slinger atomizers with slot-shaped orifices have rarely reported in the past. Herein, three types of slinger atomizers with different orifice shapes and orifice diameters are tested at rotational speeds of 8000–20 000 rpm and liquid feed rates of 4 up to 20 g/s. High-speed shadowgraph imaging, high-speed digital imaging, and planar Mie technologies are applied to provide the spray breakup process, liquid film injection features, and droplet distribution, respectively. Spray visualizations show that the orifice diameters strongly affect the breakup modes, whereas the orifice shapes have a slight effect. The variation regarding droplet sizing under different heights from the slinger plane is analyzed. The uniformity of the droplet distribution in slot-shaped slinger atomizers is better than that in round-shaped slinger atomizers. Moreover, the smaller orifice diameter results in a small Sauter mean diameter (SMD) for the slinger atomizers with slot-shaped orifices. Finally, a mathematical expression is obtained to predict non-dimensional droplet size (SMD/d) for different slinger atomizers. The present results appear to be the first systematic investigation of the spray characteristics in slinger atomizers with slot-shaped orifices.
Generalizability of transformer-based deep learning for multidimensional turbulent flow data
Authors: Drikakis Dimitris , Kokkinakis Ioannis William , Fung Daryl , Spottswood S. Michael
Published: February 2024

Deep learning has been going through rapid advancement and becoming useful in scientific computation, with many opportunities to be applied to various fields, including but not limited to fluid flows and fluid–structure interactions. High-resolution numerical simulations are computationally expensive, while experiments are equally demanding and encompass instrumentation constraints for obtaining flow, acoustics and structural data, particularly at high flow speeds. This paper presents a Transformer-based deep learning method for turbulent flow time series data. Turbulent signals across spatiotemporal and geometrical variations are investigated. The pressure signals are coarsely-grained, and the Transformer creates a fine-grained pressure signal. The training includes data across spatial locations of compliant panels with static deformations arising from the aeroelastic effects of shock-boundary layer interaction. Different training approaches using the Transformer were investigated. Evaluations were carried out using the predicted pressure signal and their power spectra. The Transformer's predicted signals show promising performance. The proposed method is not limited to pressure fluctuations and can be extended to other turbulent or turbulent-like signals.
Magnetic properties of (Sm, Zr)(Fe, Co)10−xTix (x = 0, 0.5, 1) bulk magnets
Authors: Saito Tetsuji , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke
Published: February 2024

It would be desirable if the magnetic properties of Sm–Fe alloys could be increased without the need for nitrogenation. In this experiment, Sm–Fe bulk magnets were prepared from the Sm–Fe powders by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique without nitrogenation. The structures and magnetic properties of the Sm–Fe bulk magnets prepared by the SPS technique were investigated. By optimization of the composition and production process, it was found that the (Sm0.7Zr0.3)(Fe0.7Co0.3)9Ti magnet with the fine Th2Zn17-type phase showed a high coercivity of 4.35 kOe.
A pole-changing flux reversal permanent magnet motor
Authors: Du Yi , Chen Ziwei , Xiao Feng , Zhu Xiaoyong , Mao Yi
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a pole-changing (PC) flux reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) motor is proposed for obtaining a wide speed range. According to the general air-gap field modulation theory, the permanent magnet (PM) magnetic field is modulated into a series of harmonics with different pole numbers by rotor teeth. By introducing an especial PM arrangement, two groups of working harmonics with different pole-pair numbers are generated in the proposed 12-7 PC-FRPM motor due to the modulation of rotor teeth. Based on the calculated slot pitch angles of these harmonics, two winding connections can be obtained for PC operation to achieve two operating modes. The electromagnetic performance of PC-FRPM motor before and after PC are analyzed using finite element analysis and verified by the experimental test results.
Combining annealing temperature and interface engineering for improving anisotropic magnetoresistance in Ta/NiFe/Ta films
Authors: Constantino Rita F. , Brites Guilherme , Araujo Pedro D. R. , Macedo R. , Cardoso S.
Published: February 2024

Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors are pivotal in various applications due to their low power consumption, scalability, and cost-effectiveness due to the simple sensor structure, comprising one NiFe film, usually encased in a buffer and cap layer. In this work, we explore the effects of inserting MgO and Pt dusting layers between the NiFe sensing layer and adjacent capping and buffer layers, on the electric, magnetic and structural properties of AMR sensors. We describe results on sensors based on Ta/NiFe/Ta, with an as-processed AMR value of 2.0 %. The insertion of Pt thin films had a positive impact, with AMR values increasing to 2.2 %, contrary to the observed with MgO dusting films. Magnetic annealing up to 370 °C caused an increase of the resistivity and reduction in AMR (with Pt dusting layers), on the contrary, MgO dusting layers improved the sensor performance upon annealing, with AMR increasing to 2.5 % (5 h at 370 °C). In light of the findings, the incorporation of Pt and MgO dusting layers enables tailoring the grain size and resistance of Ta/NiFe/Ta films, while combined with proper annealing, which is relevant for applications where Ta and NiFe are available for AMR sensor fabrication.
GdFe-based nanostructured thin films with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for spintronic applications
Authors: Salaheldeen Mohamed , Zhukova Valentina , Ipatov Mihail , Zhukov Arcady
Published: February 2024

In this study, we investigated the impact of geometric factors on the magnetic anisotropy of Gd-Fe alloy thin films deposited on nanoporous alumina membranes. By synthesizing Gd-Fe alloy nanostructure thin films with different hole diameters (ranging from 45 to 90 nm) and keeping the layer thickness and lattice parameters fixed at 45 nm and 105 nm, respectively, we observed a significant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in samples with hole diameter above 65 nm. The transition from in-plane to out-of-plane magnetization in Gd-Fe alloy nanostructure thin films occurred at a critical antidot hole diameter of 75 nm. The observed variations in coercivity and remanence with the nanohole diameter are attributed to substantial changes in the magnetization mechanisms induced by the nanoholes. This novel induction of PMA in Gd-Fe alloy nanostructure thin films through the manipulation of geometric parameters in the antidot arrays opens new possibilities for tailoring the magnetic behavior of ferromagnetic metals with pronounced PMA.
Investigation of the over-load unintentional remagnetization effect in series hybrid magnet variable flux memory machine
Authors: Tu Rui , Yang Hui , Zheng Hao , Lin Heyun
Published: February 2024

Variable flux memory machines (VFMMs) have become a research hotspot due to their adjustable air-gap flux with the employment of low coercive force (LCF) permanent magnets (PMs). Series hybrid magnet VFMMs (SHM-VFMMs) utilizing series-magnetic-circuit high coercive force (HCF) and LCF PMs are extensively investigated due to their excellent unintentional demagnetization (UD) withstand capability. Nevertheless, the existing researches still focus on the UD of LCF PMs under heavy load operation, and the remagnetization issue remains unreported. Therefore, in this paper, the over-load unintentional remagnetization (UR) effect of the a dual-layer-SHM-VFMM (DLSHM-VFMM) is first revealed, and its mechanism is investigated and analyzed in depth based on finite element (FE) analyses. A DLSHM-VFMM prototype is manufactured and tested to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analyses.
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based additively manufactured memory devices
Authors: Mendonsa Riyan , Liang Shuang , Wang Jian-Ping
Published: February 2024

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in a suspension have been shown to change resistance by an order of magnitude based on an applied field. We have prepared the MNPs samples with matrices of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PDOT:PSS) or H2O, and Co MNPs and carried out the magnetoresistive measurements. A switch-based model is used to understand the mechanism for the change in resistance. We further propose devices for memory based on MNPs. Building blocks for these devices are then fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques and measurements of change in resistance under the influence of a magnetic field are conducted. Niche applications of additive manufacturing techniques to the fabrication of these devices are proposed. The device uses MNPs suspended in a soft matter matrix. The application of a magnetic field is used to move the MNPs to or away from electrical contacts. Depending on the change of position of the MNPs, a connection is either made or broken, which can act as a 1 or a 0. The measured change in resistance observed in such devices is more than an order of magnitude depending on the matrix solution. The proposed device and its manufacturing process could be feasible for magnetic memory and in-memory computing devices on any flexible substrates.