bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel student roles in health care delivery: An example emerging from the COVID‐19 health care crisis in 2021
Authors: Torda Adrienne , Pinheiro Rebecca , Overton Kristen , Yu Jennifer , Ooi Sze‐Yuan , Altman Lisa
Published: May 2023

In 2021, the rapid rise in COVID‐19 infections put overwhelming demand on health care services. It was recognised that patients could be managed in the community if an appropriate monitoring service existed. Medical students were recruited for roles that combined technology, teamwork and clinical skills. This is an example of how novel roles can provide solutions in times of health care crises.
Relationship between characteristics of basal internodes and lodging and its physiological mechanism in direct‐seeded rice
Authors: Liu Weiyang , Fan Xuhong , Liu Yue‐yue , Bao Shuying , Lu Yuya , Gai Dongsheng , Fu Xukun , Du Juan , Guo Liying , Zhang Qiang , Geng Yanqiu , Shao Xiwen
Published: May 2023

Lodging is an important factor that limits rice yield and the large‐scale promotion of direct‐seeded rice (DSR). The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between the characteristics of basal internodes and lodging and the physiological mechanism underlying this process in DSR. A field study was conducted in Changchun, Jilin Province, China, using a japonica rice variety Jiyujing with two direct seeding cultivation methods, including dry DSR (DDSR), wet DSR (WDSR) and conventional‐transplanted rice (CTSR) as a control in 2019 and 2020. Lodging‐related physical parameters, morphological characteristics and carbohydrate components of basal internodes were investigated at heading stage (HS) and 30 days after heading stage (HS30). The results showed that WDSR increased lodging index (LI) and lodging rate compared with CTSR and DDSR. LI increased rapidly from HS to HS30, primarily because of the significant reduction in the breaking strength (M). Correlation analysis revealed that the M of N4 internode was significantly positively correlated with culm plumpness and structural carbohydrate proportions at HS30. Culm plumpness decreased significantly, due to a decrease in nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content then primarily the decrease in starch proportions and content. Compared with CTSR and DDSR, WDSR decreased culm wall thickness, dry weight per centimetre of the culm and leaf sheaths, and the proportions and contents of cellulose, lignin and starch of internode, resulting in the decrease in internode breaking strength. Thus, it was concluded that the DSR reduced internode strength by reducing internode plumpness and carbohydrate content, thus decreasing lodging resistance.
Exploring digital interventions to facilitate coping and discomfort for nurses experiencing the menopause in the workplace: An international qualitative study
Authors: Cronin Camille , Bidwell Gemma , Carey Janene , Donevant Sara , Hughes Kerri‐Ann , Kaunonen Marja , Marcussen Jette , Wilson Rhonda
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The global nursing workforce is predominantly female, with a large proportion working in the 45–55 age group. Menopause is a transition for all women, and; therefore needs recognition as it can impact work performance and consequently staff turnover.

Background

Women will go through the menopause, but not all women are affected. The menopause transition presents a range of signs and symptoms both physical and psychological which can impact the quality of life and individuals' work/life balance. The nursing workforce is predominantly women that will work through the menopause transition.

Objectives

The study explored perspectives on digital health interventions as strategies to support menopausal women and to understand the requirements for designing health interventions for support in the workplace.

Design

A qualitative explorative design.

Settings

Nurses working in a range of clinical settings in England, Finland, Denmark, New Zealand, Australia and USA.

Methods

Nurses (n = 48) participated in focus groups from six different countries from February 2020–June 2022 during the pandemic from a range of acute, primary care and education settings. Nurses were invited to participate to share their experiences. Thematic analysis was used.

Results

All participants were able to describe the physical symptoms of menopause, with some cultural and possible hemisphere differences; more noticeable was the psychological burden of menopause and fatigue that is not always recognized. Four themes were identified: Managing symptoms in the workplace; Recognition in the workplace; Menopause interventions; and Expectation versus the invisible reality. These themes revealed information that can be translated for implementation into digital health interventions.

Conclusions

Managers of nursing female staff in the menopausal age range need greater awareness, and menopause education should involve everyone. Finally, our results demonstrate design attributes suitable for inclusion in digital health strategies that are aligned with likely alleviation of some of the discomforts of menopause.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution.
A Project View of the Right to Parent
Authors: Lange Benjamin
Published: May 2023

The institution of the family and its importance have recently received considerable attention from political theorists. Leading views maintain that the institution's justification is grounded, at least in part, in the non‐instrumental value of the parent–child relationship itself. Such views face the challenge of identifying a specific good in the parent–child relationship that can account for how adults acquire parental rights over a particular child – as opposed to general parental rights, which need not warrant a claim to parent one's biological progeny. I develop a view that meets this challenge. This Project View identifies the pursuit of a parental project as a distinctive non‐instrumentally valuable good that provides a justification for the family and whose pursuit is necessary and sufficient for the acquisition of parental rights. This view grounds moral parenthood in a normative relation as opposed to a biological one, supports polyadic forms of parenting, and provides plausible guidance in cases of assisted reproduction.
Fairness, Care, and Abortion
Authors: O'Brien David
Published: May 2023

Only women can bear the burdens of gestating fetuses. That fact, I suggest, bears on the morality of abortion. To illustrate and explain this point, I frame my discussion around Judith Jarvis Thomson's classic defense of abortion and Gina Schouten's recent feminist challenge to Thomson's defense. Thomson argued that, even assuming that fetuses are morally equivalent to persons, abortions are typically morally permissible. According to Schouten's feminist challenge to Thomson, however, if fetuses are morally equivalent to persons, then abortions are typically morally impermissible because there is a collective moral obligation to care for the vulnerable. The consideration that is my topic, however, poses a problem for that feminist challenge to Thomson. There is reason to believe, I argue, that it is unfair that only women can bear the burdens of gestating fetuses. And, if that is unfair, it would undermine that feminist challenge to Thomson. I show, in other words, that there is a plausible and well‐motivated basis for believing that, even if fetuses are morally equivalent to persons and there is a collective obligation to care for the vulnerable, then abortions are nevertheless typically morally permissible. That is how fairness bears on the morality of abortion.
Optimization of the atrioventricular delay in conduction system pacing
Authors: Coluccia Giovanni , Dell'Era Gabriele , Ghiglieno Chiara , De Vecchi Federica , Spinoni Enrico , Santagostino Matteo , Guido Alessandro , Zaccaria Maria , Patti Giuseppe , Accogli Michele , Palmisano Pietro
Published: May 2023

Introduction

In patients receiving conduction system pacing (CSP), it is not well established how to program the sensed atrioventricular delay (sAVD), with respect to the type of capture obtained (selective, nonselective His‐bundle [HB] capture or left bundle branch [LBB] capture). The aim of this study was to acutely assess the effectiveness of an electrophysiology (EP)‐guided method for sAVD optimization by comparing it with the echocardiogram‐guided optimization.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients undergoing HB or LBB pacing were enrolled. The EP‐guided sAVD was defined as the sAVD leading to a PR interval of 150 ms on surface electrocardiogram (ECG). In HB pacing patients, EP‐guided sAVD was obtained subtracting the time from the onset of the P wave on ECG to the local atrial electrogram (EGM) recorded by the atrial lead (right atrial sensing latency, RASL) and the His‐ventricular interval from 150 ms; in LBB pacing patients, subtracting RASL from 150 ms. Transmitral flow assessment by pulsed wave Doppler was used to find the echo‐optimized sAVD by a modified iterative method. The discordance between the EP‐guided and the echo‐optimized sAVD was recorded.

Results

Seventy‐one patients were enrolled: 12 with selective, 32 nonselective HB capture, and 27 LBB capture. Overall, the rate of concordance between the EP‐guided and the echo‐optimized sAVD was 71.8%, with no significant differences between the three groups.

Conclusion

In CSP patients, an optimal sAVD can be programmed, in more than 70% of cases, considering only simple EGM intervals to obtain a physiological PR interval on surface ECG.
High reproductive potential of the commercially exploited shark Squalus suckleyi in the major fishing grounds of the western North Pacific
Authors: Yano Toshikazu , Hattori Tsutomu , Narimatsu Yoji , Nagao Jiro , Tanaka Sho
Published: May 2023

The present study examined body length (precaudal length, PCL) and age at sexual maturity, as well as fecundity and maternal investment in the Pacific spiny dogfish Squalus suckleyi, a long‐term commercially exploited shark in the western North Pacific, using samples caught in several fisheries and across seasons. The PCL and age at 50% sexual maturity of males were 60.6 cm and 9.4 years, respectively, and those of females were 73.1 cm and 17.8 years, respectively. The PCL and age at 50% maternity were 77.4 cm and 19.7 years, respectively. General or generalized linear models revealed that capture by different fishing method did not significantly correlate with sexual maturity and maternity rates or litter size. Other general linear models revealed an increase in offspring size with maternal size, but litter size was not affected by embryonic development. These findings indicate that the reproductive potential of Pacific spiny dogfish is relatively high throughout the whole North Pacific region because of a smaller size and earlier age at sexual maturation in both sexes. In addition, pregnant females displayed no resting phase and produced 0.45 more embryos per centimetre of PCL in their lifetime after the onset of maturity, which is higher than in the eastern North Pacific. We suggest that these qualities are not a consequence of stock decline associated with the long‐term exploitation of the species, but that its high reproductive potential has likely contributed to the long‐term stability of the landings in Japan.

Significance statement

While reproductive potential has been determined for many fish species, such information is scarce for Pacific spiny dogfish. We evaluated the reproductive characteristics of this species in the major fishing grounds of the western North Pacific. The productivity and rebound potential of sharks is extremely low compared with those of bony fishes. However, our results indicate that even if the reproductive potential has a small effect on the population dynamics, it should not be ignored for sustainable stock utilization.
Non‐pharmacological and nonsurgical interventions in male urinary incontinence: A scoping review
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hou Sijia , Qi Ziyi , Wu Siyuan , Zhu Keping , Wang Wei
Published: May 2023

Aims

To describe and synthesize non‐pharmacological and nonsurgical interventions for male urinary incontinence from the existing literature.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted following the methodology suggested by Arksey and O'Malley: (1) identification of the research questions; (2) identification of relevant studies using a three‐step search recommended by JBI: an initial search within PubMed and CINAHL, a comprehensive literature search within PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and literature search of references lists; (3) study selection; (4) data extraction and charting; (5) collation, summarization, and reporting of the results. The PRISMA‐ScR Checklist was used to report.

Results

A total of 4602 studies were identified, of which 87 studies were included. Approximately 78% were randomized controlled trials. More than 88% of the participants were men with prostate cancer. Exercising pelvic floor muscles 30 times per day for 12 weeks was the most frequently reported. Parameters of electrical stimulation were typically set up to 50 Hz and 300 μs for frequency and width of pulse, respectively, and lasted for 15 min. Pure pelvic floor muscle training, Pilates, Yoga, whole body vibration, diaphragm/abdominal muscle training, micturition interruption exercise, acupuncture, and auriculotherapy showed positive effects on reducing urinary incontinence.

Conclusion

The findings suggested implementing pelvic floor muscle training alone before or after surgery can both prompt the recovery of continence in men after prostate cancer surgery. The decision to use biofeedback or electrical stimulation to enhance the therapeutic effect of pelvic floor muscle training should be approached with caution. More rigorous designed studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques and diverse novel methods.

Relevance to clinical practice

Physicians and nurses need to be up to date on the latest evidence‐based non‐pharmacological and nonsurgical interventions in male urinary incontinence and select appropriate interventions based on available medical resources and patient preferences.
The contribution of aquaculture systems to global aquaculture production
Authors: Verdegem Marc , Buschmann Alejandro H. , Latt U. Win , Dalsgaard Anne J. T. , Lovatelli Alessandro
Published: May 2023

Since 2000, aquaculture became well‐integrated into the global food system. Aquaculture systems are highly diverse, producing globally equal amounts of fed and extractive species. In Asia and Africa, inland aquaculture provides the bulk of aquaculture production, while in the Americas, Europe, and Oceania, marine aquaculture dominates. The realized growth of annual production since 2000 is due to intensification, the use of more and better feeds, improved production management, and increased attention to biosecurity. Fed and extractive aquaculture, both need to pay more attention to scaling, site selection, and the health of the wider production environment. In terms of land use, aquaculture is more efficient than terrestrial animal production. Still, water use remains a challenge. More attention should be given to water recycling in land‐based systems, reducing water consumption and facilitating nutrient recovery and reuse. Future development should focus on making aquaculture climate neutral and on reducing environmental impacts, both inland and at sea. More attention must be given to making aquaculture an important part of local food systems on all continents, as is the case in Asia today. Integration of aquaculture into local nutrition‐sensitive, circular, and sustainable food systems should become the major driver for future aquaculture system development.
Outside the brackets: Why school administrators fail to see gendered harassment within an antibullying law
Authors: Lane Jeffrey , Shepherd Hana , Avella Holly , Martin Aaron
Published: May 2023

Much of school bullying involves students policing the gender roles and sexuality of other students. The proliferation of antibullying laws presents an opportunity to formally punish and mark gendered harassment as unacceptable. However, when this form of peer policing involves girls, administrators often consider it to fall outside the purview of the law. We use bracketing theory to understand how middle school administrators in New Jersey assess whether student behavior violates a statewide harassment, intimidation, and bullying law. We find that, according to administrators, violations require relational asymmetry between an aggressor and victim: an imbalance of power and disproportionate participation. Administrators rarely see gendered harassment as bullying because of the relational stereotypes they attach to girl students, which often preclude interpretations of relational asymmetry. We discuss how gender beliefs among administrators and “bracketing failures” explain the ways antibullying laws allow hegemonic beliefs about gender and sexuality to remain untroubled.
Writing instruction for social justice: an investigation into the components of a teacher preparation course
Authors: Lavoie Émilie , Cavanagh Martine
Published: May 2023

Future teachers must notice, navigate, and address ideologies in order to counter inequities in the literacy classroom. This article presents the findings of two teacher educators who have taken up the call to critically reflect on their own underlying beliefs and discourses regarding writing instruction. Through an education design framework, they analysed important components of the course, arguing for a higher degree of visibility of the ideologies and social forces that impact writing instruction. They found that despite encouraging a fairly complex and all‐encompassing view of learning to write to the future teachers in their course, the creativity discourse was present passively and the socio‐political was downright absent, despite clear social justice aims in the course. They discuss how well‐established discourses can serve as gateways to embed the socio‐political into the course and address more granularly the question of exclusion through selected mentor texts.
A Leland model for delta hedging in central risk books
Authors: Muhle‐Karbe Johannes , Wang Zexin , Webster Kevin
Published: May 2023

Using a tractable extension of the model of Leland (1985), we study how a delta‐hedging strategy can realistically be implemented using market and limit orders in a centralized, automated market‐making desk that integrates trading and liquidity provision for both options and their underlyings. In the continuous‐time limit, the optimal limit‐order exposure can be computed explicitly by a pointwise maximization. It is determined by the relative magnitudes of adverse selection, bid–ask spreads, and volatilities. The corresponding option price—from which the option can be replicated using market and limit orders—is characterized via a nonlinear PDE. Our results highlight the benefit of tactical liquidity provision for contrarian trading strategies, even for a trading desk that is not a competitive market maker. More generally, the paper also showcases how reduced‐form models are competitive with “brute force” numerical approaches to market microstructure. Both the estimation of microstructure parameters and the simulation of the optimal trading strategy are made concrete and reconciled with real‐life high frequency data.
The Influence of Executive Processing on Reading Comprehension During Adolescence
Authors: Banich Marie T. , Wang Kai , Kim Hyojeong , Leopold Daniel R. , Reineberg Andrew E. , Thompson Lee A. , Willcutt Erik G. , Cutting Laurie E. , Petrill Stephen A.
Published: May 2023

This paper reviews three studies investigating the relationship between brain regions involved in executive control and those involved in reading comprehension in typically‐developing teens. In the first study, three regions of posterior left lateral prefrontal cortex (i.e., precentral gyrus, inferior frontal junction, inferior frontal gyrus) were consistently activated across three task domains: reading comprehension, numerical estimation, and executive processes in working memory, suggesting these regions exert domain‐general executive control. In a second study, brain activity in the precentral gyrus during reading comprehension was found to be associated with individual differences in reading achievement. A subsequent investigation indicated that while all three prefrontal regions exhibit greater connectivity to the angular gyrus during reading comprehension compared to symbol identification, each also exhibits unique connectivity to distinct posterior regions implicated in reading processes. Hence, reading difficulties during adolescence may arise, in part, from difficulties in executive control over processing in language‐related brain regions.
Defensive symbiosis in the wild: Seasonal dynamics of parasitism risk and symbiont‐conferred resistance
Authors: Gimmi Elena , Wallisch Jesper , Vorburger Christoph
Published: May 2023

Parasite‐mediated selection can rapidly drive up resistance levels in host populations, but fixation of resistance traits may be prevented by costs of resistance. Black bean aphids (Aphis fabae) benefit from increased resistance to parasitoids when carrying the defensive bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa. However, due to fitness costs that come with symbiont infection, symbiont‐conferred resistance may result in either a net benefit or a net cost to the aphid host, depending on parasitoid presence as well as on the general ecological context. Balancing selection may therefore explain why in natural aphid populations, H. defensa is often found at intermediate frequencies. Here we present a 2‐year field study where we set out to look for signatures of balancing selection in natural aphid populations. We collected temporally well‐resolved data on the prevalence of H. defensa in A. f. fabae and estimated the risk imposed by parasitoids using sentinel hosts. Despite a marked and consistent early‐summer peak in parasitism risk, and significant changes in symbiont prevalence over time, we found just a weak correlation between parasitism risk and H. defensa frequency dynamics. H. defensa prevalence in the populations under study was, in fact, better explained by the number of heat days that previous aphid generations were exposed to. Our study grants an unprecedentedly well‐resolved insight into the dynamics of endosymbiont and parasitoid communities of A. f. fabae populations, and it adds to a growing body of empirical evidence suggesting that not only parasitism risk, but rather multifarious selection is shaping H. defensa prevalence in the wild.
Sultanism and Civil War in Libya
Authors: Tunesi Ibrahim Sadoun R.
Published: May 2023

The 2011 Libyan uprising transformed into a civil war in a matter of days—and it has lasted more than a decade. What made this uprising different from others? This article argues that the type of system determined the outcome of the revolt. It posits a relationship between Muammar Qadhafi's sultanistic regime and the fragile political institutions that have allowed the chaos and rivalry to persist without resolution. To demonstrate this, Libyan citizens were surveyed about their perceptions of how Qadhafi shaped the political order responsible for today's institutional vacuum. While the revolution revealed the Qadhafi regime's lack of popular and foreign support, as well as the inadequacies of state institutions, it could not use institutional channels to mobilize the public and organize authority, as in Tunisia and Egypt. The civil war, coupled with the interventions of regional and international powers in support of local actors and militias, has made the Libyan case different. The article also explains how the passive stances of the League of Arab States and the United Nations paved the way for external rivalries.
Advantages and limitations of UV cross‐linking analysis of protein–RNA interactomes in microbes
Authors: Esteban‐Serna Sofia , McCaughan Hugh , Granneman Sander
Published: May 2023

RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) govern the lifespan of nearly all transcripts and play key roles in adaptive responses in microbes. A robust approach to examine protein–RNA interactions involves irradiating cells with UV light to form covalent adducts between RBPs and their cognate RNAs. Combined with RNA or protein purification, these procedures can provide global RBP censuses or transcriptomic maps for all target sequences of a single protein in living cells. The recent development of novel methods has quickly populated the RBP landscape in microorganisms. Here, we provide an overview of prominent UV cross‐linking techniques which have been applied to investigate RNA interactomes in microbes. By assessing their advantages and caveats, this technical evaluation intends to guide the selection of appropriate methods and experimental design as well as to encourage the use of complementary UV‐dependent techniques to inspect RNA‐binding activity.
Qualitative menu labelling in university restaurants and its influence on food choices: A systematic review and synthesis without meta‐analysis
Authors: Fogolari Natalia , Souza Aretusa D. , Bernardo Greyce L. , Uggioni Paula L. , Oliveira Renata C. , Rodrigues Vanessa M. , Proença Rossana P. C. , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: May 2023

Qualitative menu labelling can be defined as descriptive or non‐numerical interpretive labels (e.g. traffic light labelling, healthy food symbols, messages or ingredient lists). Qualitative information seems to have a positive influence on consumers' food choices, particularly in institutional food service establishments, such as in universities. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the influence of different formats of qualitative menu labelling on food choices in university restaurants. This systematic review was guided by the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and Synthesis Without Meta‐Analysis (SWiM) and conducted vote counting of studies based on the direction of effect. Studies were retrieved from Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and Web of Science databases and reference lists of selected articles. Experimental and quasi‐experimental studies were included. Two independent researchers searched and extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. From the initial search (460 records), four papers were selected, plus one paper identified in a previous study and a further six from an update search, totalling 11 included studies, reporting 14 different interventions (n = 499 174). Types of interventions included the use of symbols and the inclusion of traffic light labelling. Outcomes of interest were food choice, expressed as mean, median or percent healthy food choices or purchases. Qualitative menu labels increased healthy food choices and/or purchase behaviour, with 10 of 12 interventions favouring the intervention (83%; 95%CI 55–95%; p = 0.0386). Most of the studies favouring the intervention used healthy food symbols for healthier foods or food components, alone or in association with another intervention and were of moderate and weak quality. These findings may serve as a basis for the implementation of nutrition information policies in university restaurants.
A retrospective database analysis of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent treatment patterns and associated healthcare resource use in patients with non–dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease–related anaemia in Japan
Authors: Mishina Sari , Waratani Miina , Onozawa Satoshi , Okumura Hiroyuki , Ito Yuichiro , Yasuda Yoshinari
Published: May 2023

Aim

This study was conducted to evaluate clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and healthcare resource use (HCRU) for patients in Japan with non–dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anaemia.

Methods

This retrospective, longitudinal, epidemiological database extraction study used the JMDC Claims Database, comprising ~9.4 million unique beneficiaries. The observation period for anaemia and erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA)/iron treatment was 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018, and for HCRU and costs was 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2018. The non–dialysis‐dependent CKD anaemia population, and the ESA treatment, iron treatment, and no‐treatment cohorts were evaluated. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes were summarised descriptively.

Results

The non–dialysis‐dependent CKD anaemia population included 5908 patients (7.9%), with 464 patients in the ESA treatment cohort, 809 patients (13.7%) in the iron treatment cohort (13.7%), and 4405 (74.6%) patients in the no‐treatment cohort. The prevalence of patients prescribed an antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and/or antihyperlipidaemic medication generally increased with increasing baseline CKD stage. Proportions of no treatment for anaemia decreased while ESA treatment increased with increasing CKD stage; ESA treatment increased with decreasing baseline haemoglobin levels. Patients in the ESA treatment cohort generally had more frequent events associated with HCRU and higher costs from HCRU‐associated activities (e.g., inpatient and outpatient care, pharmacy).

Conclusion

As CKD severity increased, anaemia management changed from iron use or no treatment to ESA use; however, anaemia may be undertreated across all CKD stages. ESA‐treated patients incurred greater HCRU‐associated costs relative to other patients with non–dialysis‐dependent CKD anaemia in Japan.
rWCVP: a companion R package for the World Checklist of Vascular Plants
Authors: Brown Matilda J. M. , Walker Barnaby E. , Black Nicholas , Govaerts Rafaël H. A. , Ondo Ian , Turner Robert , Nic Lughadha Eimear
Published: May 2023

The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) is an extremely valuable resource that is being used to address many fundamental and applied questions in plant science, conservation, ecology and evolution. However, databases of this size require data manipulation skills that pose a barrier to many potential users. Here, we present rWCVP, an open‐source R package that aims to facilitate the use of the WCVP by providing clear, intuitive functions to execute many common tasks. These functions include taxonomic name reconciliation, geospatial integration, mapping and generation of multiple different summaries of the WCVP in both data and report format. We have included extensive documentation and tutorials, providing step‐by‐step guides that are accessible even to users with minimal programming experience. rWCVP is available on cran and GitHub.
The prospects for gun policy change following mass shootings
Authors: Merry Melissa K.
Published: May 2023

The mass shootings in Buffalo, New York, and Uvalde, Texas in May 2022 prompted Congress to enact the first significant federal gun legislation since the 1990s. While many commentators have framed this policy change as a remarkable break from the long‐standing pattern of inaction on gun violence, I argue that political actors perceived and responded to the problem in familiar ways. Drawing on agenda setting and information processing theories, I highlight factors that suggest no fundamental alteration in how the U.S. political system responds to gun injury and death. I also point to changes in public opinion and in the interest group landscape that have the potential (in the long term) to transform the politics of gun policy. Finally, I conclude with some near‐term expectations for policy making and its effects on the issue.

Related Articles

Cagle, M. Christine, and J. Michael Martinez. 2004. “Have Gun, Will Travel: The Dispute between the CDC and the NRA on Firearm Violence as a Public Health Problem.”Politics & Policy32(2): 278–310.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2004.tb00185.x.

Joslyn, Mark R., and Donald P. Haider‐Markel. 2018. “Motivated Innumeracy: Estimating the Size of the Gun Owner Population and its Consequences for Opposition to Gun Restrictions.”Politics & Policy46(6): 827–50.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12276.

Schwartz, Noah S. 2021. “Guns in the North: Assessing the Impact of Social Identity on Firearms Advocacy in Canada.”Politics & Policy49(3): 715–818.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12412.
Physical condition and activity of daily living among aging inpatients with mental disorders in Guangzhou, China: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wu Jialan , Ye Junrong , Wang Chen , Li Shaohua , Wu Chenxin , Yuan Lexin , Wang Haoyun , Gao Yun , Huang Xingxiao , Huang Meilian , Zhong Xiaomei , Ning Yuping , Guo Jianxiong , Xiao Aixiang
Published: May 2023

Background

The number of elderly with mental disorders is increasing, but few studies have been concerned with the physical condition and activities of daily living (ADL) of these patients. This study aims to describe the physical condition and ADL of patients with mental illnesses (PMI) from different age groups, which provides evidence to improve mental health services for PMI.

Methods

In this prospective cross‐sectional study, the samples were divided into three groups of less than 60 years old (group 1), 60–74 years old (group 2), and over 75 years old (group 3) for comparison. Participants' ADL and physical condition were measure by Barthel Index (BI), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Standardised swallowing assessment (SSA) and Short Form of Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA‐SF). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to measure psychological condition.

Results

Totally, 392 participants had been recruited, meanwhile 86% of them were diagnosed with at least one physical disease. There were statistically significant differences in the three groups of participants in BI (F = 50.603, P < 0.001), FAQ (F = 40.332, P < 0.001), SSA (F = 28.574, P < 0.001), and MNA‐SF (F = 18.366, P < 0.001). Group 2 and group 3 had significantly lower scores in BI and FAQ than group 1, and the SSA scores were significantly higher than the participants in group 1. In the negative symptoms subscale of BPRS, the mean score of group 3 was significantly higher than groups 1 and 2. Negative symptom subscale has different degrees of correlation with BI (r = −0.537), FAQ (r = 0.643), SSA (r = 0.480), MNA (r = −0.325) and MMSE (r = 0.607). In addition, the participants with comorbidities were related to BI (r = ‐0.364).

Conclusion

Somatic comorbidities play a pivotal role in the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with mental illness, thus greater effort should be paid to elderly patients suffering from mental illness with dysphagia, malnutrition, and cognitive decline. Further, the negative symptoms of elderly patients with mental disorders also deserve attention.
Inter‐rater reliability of the Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Oba Hikaru , Hiyama Masami , Okamoto Haruka , Onoda Rika , Matsuoka Teruyuki , Sato Shinichi , Narumoto Jin
Published: May 2023

Background

Cognitive assessment through communication has been the focus of recent studies because the conventional cognitive tests are often considered invasive for older people. Although the Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction is designed to assess cognitive function non‐invasively, inter‐rater reliability remains unclear. The current study investigated the Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction's reliability.

Methods

The Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction was used by four clinical psychologists, who evaluated 38 older people with and without cognitive dysfunction. One clinical psychologist evaluated the assessment based on face‐to‐face communication with participants, while the other clinical psychologists evaluated it according to the audio data in the digital voice recorder. All clinical psychologists were blind to the results of other conventional cognitive tests and details surrounding participants' daily living activities.

Results

The univariate correlation scores of the Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction among evaluators ranged from 0.61 to 0.79, all of which were significant (P < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.64 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.53–0.79 for agreement) and 0.67 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.45–0.77 for consistency). The Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction score of all evaluators was significantly associated with conventional cognitive tests like the Mini‐Mental State Examination (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings suggested that the Conversational Assessment of Neurocognitive Dysfunction has moderate to good inter‐rater reliability and high concurrent validity as a cognitive assessment tool, and it would be useful in clinical practice.
HLA‐DR+ mucosal‐associated invariant T cells predict poor prognosis in patients with sepsis: A prospective observational study
Authors: Tian Lijun , Xu Junxian , Chen Cong , Lin Jinfeng , Ju Linling , Chen Lin , Zhang Yufeng , Han Xudong , Liu Lijun
Published: May 2023

Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are important in antibacterial immune responses; however, during sepsis, they are few in number and exhibit highly activated phenotypes. The relationship between MAIT cells in peripheral blood and the prognosis of sepsis is not well understood. Thus, this study aimed to examine the levels and phenotypes of MAIT cells in early sepsis, evaluate their clinical relevance, and investigate their association with patient prognosis. This prospective observational study enrolled 72 septic patients defined according to the Sepsis 3.0 criteria and 21 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Their peripheral blood samples were used to assay the expression of immune activation (CD69 and HLA‐DR) and immune checkpoint (PD‐1 and PD‐L1) markers on MAIT cells. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II, and sequential organ failure assessment scores were recorded. Subsequently, the association between MAIT cell characteristics and clinical indicators was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis with a forward stepwise approach assessed independent risk factors for 28‐day mortality. We noted a decrease in the percentage of MAIT cells in the patients' peripheral blood, which exhibited an activated phenotype. Besides, HLA‐DR+ MAIT cell percentage and the APACHE II score were independently associated with the 28‐day mortality and, in combination, were the best indicators of mortality. Thus, the percentage of HLA‐DR+ MAIT cells in early sepsis serves as a novel prognostic biomarker for predicting mortality and improves the predictive capacity of the APACHE II score.
TRACING DISTINCTIVE HUMAN MORAL EMOTIONS? THE CONTRIBUTION OF A THEOLOGY OF GRATITUDE
Authors: Deane‐Drummond Celia
Published: May 2023

Darwin thought that the moral sense was among the most challenging aspects of human life to account for through evolutionary explanations. This article seeks to probe the question about human uniqueness primarily from a theological perspective by focusing in depth on one distinctive moral sentiment, gratitude, particularly in the thought of Thomas Aquinas. It uses that example as a case study about how to consider the validity of arguments for human uniqueness within the broader compass of the cultural evolution of sociality and morality within the human sciences, including evolutionary anthropology. Further questions about the evolution of religion surface in this discussion since gratitude, from a theological perspective, necessarily includes gratitude to God as a fundamental aspect of religious faith and practice.
Definición del enfoque diferencial y la perspectiva interseccional: estudio multimétodo
Authors: Marín-Urrego Juan Camilo , Moreno Luna Socorro , Peña-Torres Esperanza , Mariño Javier , Martínez-Álvarez Eddier , Duque Yara Nidia , Cadena-Camargo Yazmín
Published: May 2023

Los determinantes sociales, como el género, la ocupación, los ingresos y la etnicidad influyen en la producción de inequidades y afectan los resultados en salud de las personas. Los modelos integrales de atención en salud implementan estrategias para gestionar dichas inequidades. Una de ellas es la introducción de un enfoque diferencial y la perspectiva interseccional, como en el Modelo Territorial de Salud de Bogotá D.C. (Colombia): Salud a mi Barrio, Salud a mi Vereda. Este artículo presenta una metodología mixta, cuyo objetivo fue precisar las definiciones de la perspectiva interseccional y el enfoque diferencial con énfasis en discapacidad, género y orientación sexual diversa, empleando dos fuentes de información: una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura (con 33 referencias pertinentes) y un abordaje cualitativo por medio de entrevistas grupales tipo café mundial (a 97 participantes) en el marco del Modelo de Salud Territorial de Bogotá. Así, se logró precisar la definición de interseccionalidad y de enfoque diferencial con énfasis en discapacidad, género y orientación sexual diversa. Estos conceptos proveen información de utilidad para el diseño e implementación integral y holística de modelos integrales de atención en salud.
Artifact geochemistry demonstrates long-distance voyaging in the Polynesian Outliers
Authors: Hermann Aymeric , Gutiérrez Pamela , Chauvel Catherine , Maury René , Liorzou Céline , Willie Edson , Phillip Iarawai , Forkel Robert , Rzymski Christoph , Bedford Stuart
Published: May 2023

Although the peopling of Remote Oceania is well-documented as a general process of eastward migrations from Island Southeast Asia and Near Oceania toward the archipelagos of Remote Oceania, the origin and the development of Polynesian societies in the Western Pacific (Polynesian Outliers), far away from the Polynesian triangle, remain unclear. Here, we present a large-scale geochemical sourcing study of stone artifacts excavated from archeological sites in central Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and the Caroline Islands and provide unambiguous evidence of multiple long-distance voyages, with exotic stone materials being transported up to 2500 kilometers from their source. Our results emphasize high mobility in the Western Pacific during the last millennium CE and offer insights on the scale and timing of contacts between the Polynesian Outliers, their neighbors in the Western Pacific, and societies of Western Polynesia.
Rolling of soft microbots with tunable traction
Authors: Gao Yan , Sprinkle Brennan , Springer Ela , Marr David W. M. , Wu Ning
Published: May 2023

Microbot (μbot)–based targeted drug delivery has attracted increasing attention due to its potential for avoiding side effects associated with systemic delivery. To date, most μbots are rigid. When rolling on surfaces, they exhibit substantial slip due to the liquid lubrication layer. Here, we introduce magnetically controlled soft rollers based on Pickering emulsions that, because of their intrinsic deformability, fundamentally change the nature of the lubrication layer and roll like deflated tires. With a large contact area between μbot and wall, soft μbots exhibit tractions higher than their rigid counterparts, results that we support with both theory and simulation. Upon changing the external field, surface particles can be reconfigured, strongly influencing both the translation speed and traction. These μbots can also be destabilized upon pH changes and used to deliver their contents to a desired location, overcoming the limitations of low translation efficiency and drug loading capacity associated with rigid structures.
Abandoning land transforms biodiversity
Authors: Daskalova Gergana N. , Kamp Johannes
Published: May 2023

Land abandonment is critical when assessing global biodiversity and conservation
Free-diving sharks
Authors: Meekan Mark , Gleiss Adrian
Published: May 2023

Hammerhead sharks hold their breath when diving to regulate body temperature
Paleogenomic study of the Mexican past
Authors: Llamas Bastien , Roca-Rada Xavier
Published: May 2023

Ancient DNA analysis of ancestral Mexicans reveals a complex demographic history
U.S., European researchers face monkey shortage crisis
Authors: Grimm David
Published: May 2023

Two new reports highlight growing demand and shrinking availability of nonhuman primates for biomedical studies
New tools show promise for tackling paper mills
Authors: Brainard Jeffrey
Published: May 2023

Fake papers—a symptom of academia’s “publish or perish” pressure—are alarmingly common, new findings suggest
Folliculin Prevents Lysosomal Degradation of Human Papillomavirus To Support Infectious Cell Entry
Authors: Ishii Yoshiyuki , Yamaji Toshiyuki , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Homma Yuta , Mori Seiichiro , Takeuchi Takamasa , Kukimoto Iwao
Published: May 2023

Cell entry by human papillomavirus (HPV) involves a cellular retrograde transport pathway from the endosome to the
trans
-Golgi network/Golgi apparatus. However, the mechanism by which this viral trafficking is safeguarded is poorly understood.
Complete Genome Sequencing of the Novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phage UF_RH1
Authors: Hashemi Shahraki Abdolrazagh , Vahed Majid , Mirsaeidi Mehdi
Published: May 2023

Here, we present the genome sequence of a novel
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacteriophage called UF_RH1. This lytic phage has a genome size of 42,567 bp and is classified as a member of the
Siphoviridae
family and the
Septimatrevirus
genus. UF_RH1 shares genetic similarities with
Stenotrophomonas
phage vB_SmaS-DLP_2.
Informal carers’ information needs in managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of people with dementia and related mHealth applications: a systematic integrative review to inform the design of an mHealth application
Authors: Jagoda Thilanka , Dharmaratne Samath , Rathnayake Sarath
Published: May 2023

Objective

To review and synthesise the evidence on informal carers’ information needs in managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) of their care recipients and related mobile health (mHealth) applications to inform the design of an mHealth application.

Design

This is a systematic integrative review guided by Whittemore and Knafl’s five-stages framework. Six databases were searched: Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest and PsycINFO. The key concepts included ‘dementia’, ‘behavioural and psychological symptoms’, ‘informal carers’ and (‘information need’ or ‘mHealth application’). Peer-reviewed full-text articles published in English from 2000 to 2022 were included. The methodological rigour of studies was analysed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool V.2018. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-2020 reporting guidelines were followed.

Results

This review included 34 studies, including quantitative (n=13), qualitative (n=17) and mixed-method (n=4) studies. Four major themes emerged from the reported studies: the need for addressing information needs on managing BPSD, the role of support systems in managing BPSD, self-care for carers and the role of mHealth applications in providing education and support for carers. In managing BPSD, carers seek knowledge about dementia and BPSD, the roles of the carers and misconceptions about BPSD. One study reported an mHealth application to monitor the behavioural issues of people with dementia.

Conclusion

Informal carers of people with dementia face a number of challenges when providing care for BPSD of their care recipients. The lack of knowledge on managing BPSD is a significant challenge. Support systems such as professional, social, residential, legal and eHealth have a significant role in managing the BPSD of people with dementia in the community. mHealth interventions are sparse to support BPSD management. These findings can be used in designing an mHealth application that addresses needs related to managing BPSD of informal carers of people with dementia.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021238540.