bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WALDENSTRÖM MACROGLOBULINEMIA - A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW: PART 2- FOCUS ON THERAPY
Authors: Bibas Michele , Sarosiek Shayna , Castillo Jorge
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The diagnosis and treatment of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) are the subjects of this two-part review, which aims to provide current and thorough knowledge of these topics. The first portion of the study, previously published, investigated the epidemiology, etiology, clinicopathological aspects, differential diagnosis, prognostic factors, and impact on WM-specific groups. Specifically, this second section examines both the standard consolidated method and the new therapeutic strategy to handle the complex topic of the treatment of WM.
HOW FIRST LINE THERAPY IS CHANGING IN TRANSPLANT-ELIGIBLE MULTIPLE MYELOMA PATIENTS
Authors: Houbaida Yasmine , Del Giudice Maria Livia , Galimberti Sara , Buda Gabriele
Published: February 2025

Multiple myeloma is a malignant haematological neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Each year, over 35,000 new cases are diagnosed in the United States, and nearly 13,000 patients die from the disease1. The main cause of morbidity is bone disease, characterized by osteolytic lesions, which, unlike other malignancies that metastasize to bone, are not followed by new bone formation2. Other major clinical manifestations include anemia, hypercalcemia, renal failure, and an increased risk of infections. Approximately 1-2% of patients present with extramedullary disease (EMD) at the time of diagnosis, while 8% develop EMD later in the course of the disease3.
Although multiple myeloma remains incurable, its treatment continues to evolve rapidly. Approved therapies include immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs, such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide), proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib), and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting CD38 (especially daratumumab and isatuximab) and SLAMF7. New therapeutic avenues include bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy4-5.
The latest ESMO (European Society for Medical Oncology)6 and NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines7 have set the standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) eligible for transplantation, particularly those in good general condition and < 70 years old. This approach is divided in four phases: induction therapy, hematopoietic stem cell collection and autologous transplant, consolidation, and maintenance. The most significant differences between the guidelines occur during the induction phase, influenced by regulatory approvals in the United States and Europe.
This article will focus on the changing landscape of therapies for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) in transplant-eligible (TE) patients and how the trend is increasingly focusing on therapies targeting minimal residual disease (MRD) and baseline risk stratification.
Setting a research agenda for speech therapy and audiology practice in South Africa
Authors: Khoza-Shangase Katijah
Published: February 2025

In South Africa, the integration of research into clinical practice within the fields of speech therapy and audiology remains a pivotal, yet underexplored challenge. This opinion piece discusses the critical need for a structured research agenda to drive meaningful changes in clinical practice in South Africa. With healthcare realities such as limited resources, linguistic and cultural diversity, and access to services, it is essential that practitioners, policymakers and researchers collaboratively define and prioritise research topics that address the unique needs of South African patients. Through identifying gaps in current practice, engaging with communities and overcoming barriers to change, the South African healthcare system can adapt to evidence-based, patient-centred models of care. By building a culture of research and innovation, fostering multidisciplinary collaboration and ensuring continuous professional development, South Africa can align its speech therapy and audiology practices with global standards, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals with communication and hearing disorders.Contribution: This article highlights the steps needed to establish a research-driven framework for clinical practice change, positioning research as a cornerstone of future healthcare delivery.
Materiality in reporting integration in South Africa: A natural language processing analysis
Authors: Van der Lugt Cornelis T. , Bakker Hans-Peter , Mans-Kemp Nadia
Published: February 2025

Background: The concept of materiality has evolved as companies grapple with non-financial reporting. One result of this is greater diversity in terminology used in reporting narrative. Natural language processing (NLP) analysis offers a promising alternative to traditional content analysis to assess how local reporters converse about sustainability performance, financial performance and integration between the two.Aim: Integrated and sustainability reports of selected South African companies were assessed to detect which topics and themes reporters viewed as material. Connectivity in terminology was also explored to consider the level of integrated thinking.Setting: This study was conducted in a market where reporting integration and a dynamic understanding of materiality are well advanced. South Africa is deemed an integrated reporting front-runner.Method: Natural language processing was applied to 256 reports published by the highest and lowest quality reporters in South Africa as determined by the Ernst Young Excellence in Integrated Reporting Awards. The NLP source dictionary was compiled with reference to international reporting standards.Results: Top reporters displayed a more complete and targeted coverage of key sustainability terms and themes. Their reports provided evidence of integrated thinking as seen by their reference to sustainability and financial terms in close proximity.Conclusion: The evolution of reporting standards and their understanding of materiality, including report target audience and ways of determining materiality, is shaping more strategic report content.Contribution: New NLP capabilities can be used to assess divergent corporate reporting narratives for exploring their relevance and understanding of materiality.
Exploring the knowledge mapping and research trends of cross-border e-commerce
Authors: Cui Yi , Shi Yi , Gu Meng , Li Jie
Published: February 2025

Background: Driven by economic globalisation and technological advancements, cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) has witnessed unprecedented growth. This dynamic sector has attracted significant scholarly attention, leading to a proliferation of fragmented research. However, traditional literature reviews often lack the objectivity and depth required for a thorough understanding of the field.Aim: This study aims to bridge the gap by employing a bibliometric analysis to systematically explore the research landscape of CBEC. The objective is to uncover key trends, knowledge structures and evolutionary pathways within the domain.Setting: The analysis focuses on 914 CBEC-related publications from 2015 to May 2024, sourced from the Web of Science (WoS) database.Method: Utilising the CiteSpace tool for visual bibliometric analysis, we extract and elucidate key information regarding publication distribution, authors, research institutions, countries and keywords.Results: The study shows CBEC research entering maturity with key themes like innovation, China, and logistics. It highlights shifts from competition to integrated digital strategies and from market access to AI and blockchain. Future studies will focus on China’s role, consumer perception, and supply chain innovation.Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of CBEC, providing a structured framework to understand its evolution.Contribution: It identifies key trends and emerging research themes, contributing theoretical insights into the interplay between technologies and cross-border trade, while offering practical guidance for industry adaptation.
Die erediens as hart van missionale gemeentewees: Kinders en adolessente
Authors: Botha Annelie , Dreyer Yolanda
Published: February 2025

Worship as the heart of missional congregationalism: Children and adolescents. This article examines the role of worship services and liturgy in the faith formation of children and adolescents. The first section explores how young children’s experience of God can be nurtured within a worship-like environment, as opposed to the ‘teaching-and-learning’ structure typically associated with ‘Sunday school’. The Godly Play approach is considered as a viable and creative option. The second section addresses the faith formation of adolescents, emphasising the need for open communication between Scripture, the faith community, culture, and youth culture. This open dialogue is essential for adolescents to perceive worship services and liturgy as engaging and safe spaces that support the development and maturation of their faith. Effective communication involves both listening and speaking. Adolescents should not be confined to a passive listening role within the faith community. Their voices, language, and the way in which they experience perspectives on faith and the world can enrich the spiritual growth of all worshippers and contribute to the missional identity of the faith community as a whole.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: In this way, all worshippers, regardless of age, can be inspired to become the best person they can be and contribute to making the world a better place. A life of worship need not be limited to the church building. Young people, who have a vested interest in the future of the planet and humanity, can express their faith through acts of service and social justice; thus bridging the gap between worship and discipleship.
Keeping the main thing, the main thing: An overview of a United States ecumenical study of confirmation
Authors: Mikoski Gordon S.
Published: February 2025

An empirical study in five denominations in the United States provided a snapshot of current conceptions and practices of confirmation.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Using a mixed-methods approach, this study yielded important comparative results among Presbyterians, Methodists, Episcopalians, Lutherans, and African Methodist Episcopalians, highlighting denominational distinctives. The quantitative findings indicated priorities in both content areas and instructional practices, while the qualitative results suggested elements for constructive approaches to confirmation in the near future.
Assessing Public Awareness of Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alnaim Maryam , Alshanabah Wasayf , Alamer Lujain , Alduraywish Waad , Alkhitrish Munirah , Alshuaibi Wesam , Almulla Sarah , Almulhim Latifah , Alsagoor Hamad , Alokley Alia
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia; it is expected to see global cases tripling by 2050. This study evaluates public awareness of AD in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, highlighting the need to improve background knowledge of AD and assess the impact of public education on early detection and management.

Methodology:

This study was a cross-sectional study that targeted the public in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. It was conducted between June 2024 and October 2024. Data were collected using an online questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:

Our study involved 814 participants. A significant majority (94.7%) believe that brain-stimulating activities can delay AD onset. However, misconceptions persist, with 49.1% incorrectly thinking that AD can affect those in their 30s or 40s, though 86.9% correctly recognize it primarily affects those over 65 years of age. Awareness of cardiovascular health factors as risks was noted by 68.9% of participants, and 60.2% believed environmental toxins could also be a factor. Key recognized symptoms included difficulty in remembering events (76.5%), planning daily activities (65.4%), handling finances (59.7%), and confusion about time and place (79.7%). Furthermore, 80.1% understood that those with AD might better recall older events. The study also found a reliance on informal information sources, with 51.8% of participants guessing answers about the disease.

Conclusions:

Many participants understand that brain-stimulating activities might delay Alzheimer’s onset, but significant misconceptions regarding its typical age of onset persist. Education programs using reliable sources are crucial for improving community understanding and management of the disease.
Morphological Variations of Foot Lumbricals and Their Clinical Significance: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Chakravarthi Kosuri Kalyan , Shetty Prakashchandra
Published: February 2025

Background:

The lumbrical muscles of the foot are intrinsic musculature playing a critical role in maintaining toe alignment and facilitating smooth gait mechanics. Despite their importance, morphological variations remain understudied, which can impact clinical diagnostics and surgical outcomes.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the morphological variations of the foot lumbricals and their clinical significance using cadaveric dissection.

Materials and Methods:

This study examined 150 lower limbs from 75 formalin-embalmed human cadavers (43 males and 32 females) over the period of 2019–2024. Morphological characteristics of the lumbrical muscles, including origin, insertion, number, and nerve supply, were recorded.

Results:

The study revealed a gender variation in the anatomical patterns of the foot lumbricals. In total, 5.33% of cadavers exhibited bilateral unipennate second, third, and fourth lumbricals, with a higher prevalence in females (five cases) compared to males (three cases). Similarly, 8% of cadavers had unilateral unipennate lumbricals, with a dominant occurrence in females (nine cases) versus males (three cases). The absence of the fourth lumbrical was seen in 6% of cadavers, again more frequently in females (six cases) than males (three cases). In addition, accessory lumbricals arising from the flexor hallucis brevis were noted in 2.67% of cadavers, with a higher occurrence in females (three cases) than males (one case). Overall, the findings indicate a gender-based disparity, with females showing a greater frequency of these variations.

Conclusion:

Morphological variations in foot lumbricals variations have potential implications in conditions like claw toe deformity and altered gait mechanics and may influence foot biomechanics and surgical outcomes. Recognizing these anomalies is essential for clinicians and surgeons to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize therapeutic interventions.
Intra-individual variability of the human seminal plasma metabolome
Authors: Blaurock Janet , Grunewald Sonja , Engel Kathrin M
Published: February 2025

In contrast to the conventional spermiogram, metabolomics approaches give insights into the molecular composition of semen and may provide more detailed information on the fertility status of the respective donor. Given the intra-individual variability of spermiogram parameters between two donations, this study sought to elucidate the biological variability of the seminal plasma metabolome over an average period of 8 weeks. Two time-shifted semen samples from 15 healthy donors were compared by a targeted metabolomics approach utilizing the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit. Next to intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), which represent a measure of reliability, coefficients of variation within individuals (CVW) and coefficients of variation between individuals (CVB) were calculated for each metabolite to demonstrate its stability. Furthermore, men were divided into two cohorts, a similar sperm concentration (SSC) and a differing sperm concentration (DSC) cohort, based on the observed variance in sperm concentration between the two semen donations. The ICC was higher in the SSC compared to the DSC cohort. The levels of 18 metabolites, primarily acylcarnitines, varied between the initial and subsequent donations. After subdivision into subgroups, only ornithine and phosphatidylcholine 40:5 exhibited differential levels between the two donations in the SSC group, compared to 14 metabolites in the DSC group. CVB was higher than CVW but both differed between the metabolite subclasses. Biogenic amines were identified as the least reliable analytes over time, exhibiting the highest CVW, compared to sphingomyelins, which demonstrated the highest reliability with the lowest variation. CVB was the highest for ether-bound glycerophosphatidylcholines and the lowest for amino acids.
Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel): A comprehensive review of its anti-diabetic properties
Authors: Ncube Nozizwe Hillary , Gupta Jeena
Published: February 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) emerges as a global health crisis and is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Conventional treatments for T2DM often have limitations, thus prompting interest in natural alternatives like fennel. This review explores fennel’s potential anti-diabetic properties, focusing on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Fennel contains various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and volatile oils, known for their antioxidant properties. These compounds can neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in T2DM. Additionally, fennel’s anti-inflammatory effects may help mitigate the chronic inflammation associated with T2DM. Preclinical studies have demonstrated fennel’s ability to lower blood glucose levels, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce oxidative stress in diabetic animals. These findings suggest that fennel may be a promising natural agent for managing T2DM. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and to evaluate its efficacy and safety in human clinical trials.
Evaluation of root dentin hardness and its morphology after final irrigation with different organic and synthetic irrigants: An in vitro study
Authors: Vengidesh Ramya , Kadandale Sadasiva , Lakshmaiah Deepika , Karunakaran Janani , Ambeth Nivetha , Kumaran R. Pradheep
Published: February 2025

Aim:

This study aimed to compare and evaluate the root dentin hardness and its morphology after final irrigation with different organic and synthetic irrigants.

Methods:

Eighty mandibular premolar teeth were collected, and decoronation was done until 17 mm. The determination of working length was done, followed by biomechanical preparation. Forty root sections were then mounted on an epoxy resin block for the evaluation of microhardness using a Vickers microhardness tester (Shimadzu Model, Kyoto, Japan). Following this, the specimens were randomly assigned into four different groups: Group 1 – 3% sodium hypochlorite + 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (control); Group 2 – Twin Kleen; Group 3 – 0.5% Triphala; and Group 4 – 2.9% grape seed extract (GSE). The specimens were immersed in the respective irrigating solutions for about 2 min. The remaining 40 root sections were taken for scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation. The scoring of erosion was done by two blinded investigators with the help of the scale given by Torabinejad et al. (2003).

Results:

The test showed that Triphala and GSE caused the least reduction in microhardness values compared to synthetic irrigants. The highest reduction in microhardness values was seen in Group 1 (3.74000), followed by Group 2 (1.94000) and Group 3 (0.45000), and the minimum reduction was observed in Group 4 (0.39000). The test showed that there was a statistically significant difference between all the groups (P < 0.05). Tubular erosion was more severe in the Twin Kleen group, whereas the least amount of erosion was observed in the GSE group.

Conclusion:

Herbal products are becoming more popular nowadays because of their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties and their biocompatibility. Since synthetic irrigants alter the mechanical properties of dentin, herbal irrigants can be used as an alternative.
Sealing ability of bioceramic furcation perforation repair materials – A systematic review
Authors: Shetty Ashwija , Sultana Hajira Anjum , Srirekha A. , Champa C.
Published: February 2025

Aim:

Furcation perforation is a critical complication in endodontic treatment that occurs when a communication is established between the root canal and the periodontal space. This defect can lead to severe sequelae, including infection, abscess formation, and tooth loss. To prevent these adverse outcomes, it is imperative to seal the perforation with a biocompatible material that provides a hermetic seal. Such a material can effectively prevent bacterial ingress and subsequent tissue damage. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the sealing efficacy of various materials employed for furcation perforation repair.

Methods:

Online electronic databases such as PubMed-MEDLINE and Google Scholar were explored for suitable studies. In this evaluation, papers were deemed eligible for the data extraction if they included in vitro studies evaluating the sealing ability of furcation perforation repair materials. Only articles written in English language were included in this systematic review. The review was conducted according to the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.

Results:

The search identified around 2240 articles; 61 articles were included after primary screening. Twenty-three articles were included in the review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Conclusion:

As per rigorous investigation done, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the most commonly used material for repairing furcation perforations, but it has lower sealing ability compared to Biodentine and EndoSequence. New materials such as ParaCore, G-aenial Universal Flo, and nano-MTA offer improved sealing capabilities and may provide better protection against microleakage, especially in complex cases where MTA may be less effective.
Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Type 2 Diabetic Women with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Kumar Subhash , Singh Surya K. , Singh Saurabh
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

There is evidence that diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is associated with increased risk for fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We planned a study to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures (VFs) in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women aged 40–60 years with DPN and to find out their relationship with severity of DPN.

Methods:

This cross-sectional observational study included sixty-two postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women of age 40–60 years, out of them thirty-two were with DPN and thirty were without DPN. The presence of DPN was established based on history and clinical examination. Plain X-ray spine and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were used to assess vertebral fracture and osteoporosis, respectively.

Results:

The prevalence of osteoporosis in women with DPN was 68.75% at lumbar spine (LS) and 18.75% at femoral neck (FN), and osteoporosis at LS was statistically significant compared to those without DPN (P = 0.002). On subgroup analysis in women with DPN, the osteoporosis at LS showed significant association with lower body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.015), but not with severity of DPN. The prevalence of VFs in women with DPN was 6.25% with no statistical significance in comparison with other group.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed high prevalence of osteoporosis at LS in postmenopausal type 2 diabetics with DPN. VFs are most common consequence of osteoporosis, although we could not find significant prevalence of VFs in women with DPN that may be due to small sample size and cross-sectional study design.
Prevention and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency in India: An Expert Group Consensus
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Zargar Abdul H. , Das Ashok K. , Baidya Arjun , Dasgupta Arundhati , Selvan Chitra , Bantwal Ganapathi , Kapoor Nitin , Lakhani Om J. , Agarwal Pankaj K. , Bajaj Sarita , Sarathi Vijaya ,   Vitamin D Consensus Steering Committee
Published: February 2025

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in India, yet no standardized guidelines exist for classifying vitamin D status or its prevention and treatment. Even more, there is no consensus specific to vitamin D supplementation for the Indian population, and there are inconsistencies in the cut-off values for deficiency, severe deficiency, and insufficiency across various guidelines, which this evidence-based consensus seeks to resolve, thus guiding healthcare professionals in identifying, preventing, and managing vitamin D deficiency. An expert group of 41 endocrinologists from across India developed the consensus using the DELPHI method, achieving over 90% agreement on all recommendations. The consensus defines vitamin D deficiency, severe deficiency, and insufficiency, recommending supplementation strategies to maintain physiological 25(OH) D levels of 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L). Tailored treatment regimens for neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults, the elderly, pregnant and lactating women, and individuals with co-morbid conditions are provided to ensure optimal health for all age groups in India.
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism Based Therapies in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dutta Deep , Jindal Radhika , Raizada Nishant , Nagendra Lakshmi , Kamrul Hasan ABM , Sharma Meha
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

The exponential increase in obesity is responsible for the increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Weight loss is critical to improvement in OSA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonism-based therapies (GLP1RA-BT) have been associated with significant weight loss. Several randomized controlled trials have been published evaluating the use of GLP1RA-BT on OSA. However, the literature review revealed that no systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) has been published evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP1RA-BT in OSA.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched for studies documenting the use of GLP1RA-BT in OSA. The primary outcome was to evaluate the impact on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Secondary outcomes were to evaluate the impact on percent change in AHI, Epworth Sleepiness Score, body weight, blood pressure, and side-effect profile.

Results:

From initially screened 59 articles, data from 4 articles having 5 different randomized cohorts (937 patients) were analysed in this SRM. Use of GLP1RA-BT was associated with a significant reduction in AHI [MD-12.50 events/ hour (95% CI:−17.33 – -7.67); P < 0.001; I2=95%], percent-reduction in AHI [MD-52.17% (95% CI: -64.49 – -39.85); P < 0.001; I2 = 0%], percent-reduction in body-weight [MD-12.46% (95% CI:-22.54 – -2.39); P < 0.001; I2 = 99%] and systolic blood-pressure [MD -4.59 mm of Hg (95% CI:-6.61 – -2.58); P < 0.001; I2 = 67%]. The considerable heterogeneity was because of greater improvement in outcomes withtirzepatide compared to liraglutide. The occurrence of nausea [RR4.23 (95% CI: 2.73–6.55); P < 0.001; I2 = 0%], vomiting [RR4.22 (95% CI: 2.12–8.41); P < 0.001; I2 = 0%], diarrhoea [RR2.81 (95% CI: 1.84–4.31); P < 0.001; I2 = 0%], and constipation [RR4.51 (95% CI: 2.47–8.26); P < 0.001; I2 = 0%] were significantly higher with GLP1RA-BT compared to placebo.

Conclusion:

This SRM provides encouraging data on the use of GLP1RA-BT in improving different respiratory aspects of OSA and reducing body weight and blood pressure.
Clinical and Biochemical Markers in Early Pregnancy for Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kanwar Jaya B. , Manglunia Ankit , Mangaraj Swayamsidha , Swain Jayshree , Sahoo Abhay , Singh Jaspreet , Sahoo Manisha , Mishra Sujata , Gochhait Samanyoya , Ray Subhashree
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of feto-maternal and neonatal complications. Many of these complications can be reduced or eliminated, if GDM can be predicted in early pregnancy. Current risk prediction models lack a strong predictive value. In this study, we aim to evaluate the early trimester maternal parameters for future prediction of GDM.

Methods:

In this prospective observational study, we screened 581 consecutive healthy women with singleton pregnancy for GDM during their first antenatal visit. After informed consent, fasting blood samples were collected and stored at −80°C. GDM was diagnosed as per IADPSG criteria. During prospective follow-up, a total of 55 patients developed GDM. A total of 110 age and BMI-matched controls were recruited for comparison. In all women, we measured the Oral Glucose Tolerance test with 75 gm anhydrous glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, hsCRP, uric acid, and lipid Profile. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and QUICKI were also assessed.

Results:

The GDM cohort had significantly higher median waist circumference, 2 hr plasma glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, uric acid, and serum triglyceride levels. Multiple regression analysis revealed HbA1c (OR 5.264; P = 0.007), 2 hr PPG (OR 1.026; P = 0.035), QUICKI (OR 1.057; P = 0.016), uric acid (OR 1.931; P = 0.013) and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (OR 1.545; P = 0.008) to be independently associated with GDM outcome with combined area under the curve (AUC) of 0.850, a sensitivity of 72.7%, and a specificity of 87.3%.

Conclusion:

Fasting Insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, and Uric acid levels are significantly increased in early pregnancy in individuals who subsequently develop GDM.
Evaluation of Ocimum sanctum local drug delivery as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A clinical and microbiological study
Authors: Jannareddy Thippeswamy Madhushree , Pawar Chandrashekara Rao Deepika , Venkatesh Madhugiri Prakash , Govindanahalli Shivappa Sowmya , Shashikumar Prathibha , Sharma Hareesha Manohar
Published: February 2025

Background: The objective of treating periodontal disease is to inhibit or eliminate periodontal pathogens through mechanical debridement, supplemented by local antibiotics. Nonetheless, these antibiotics can trigger side effects. Hence, herbal products have emerged as popular supplements to mechanical debridement. Methodology: This is a parallel-group study in which 20 patients (40 sites) were divided into test and control groups. They were treated with 8% “Ocimum sanctum gel for local drug delivery along with scaling and root planing (SRP) or SRP alone, respectively.” Subgingival plaque samples were collected, SRP was performed, and O. sanctum gel was applied in the test group. “Probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL), plaque, gingival, and gingival bleeding indices” and colony counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were assessed at baseline, 1, and 3 months. Results: The test groups treated with O. sanctum gel along with SRP demonstrated a significant reduction in PPD, decreasing from 6.40 ± 0.516 to 2.6 ± 0.483 mm, and a gain in RAL from 8.4 ± 0.516 to 4.60 ± 0.483 mm. Additionally, the colony counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis exhibited a reduction from 31.15 ± 2.51 to 10.75 ± 2.24 cfu/mL and from 50.40 ± 4.66 to 22.70 ± 3.74 cfu/mL, respectively. At 3 months, the test group exhibited superior improvements in all parameters compared to the control group (P < 0.001). However, the reductions in colony counts and the gingival bleeding index were not statistically significant in intergroup comparisons (P > 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the clinical results and microbiological findings, the local delivery of 8% O. sanctum gel proves to be an effective adjunct to standard periodontal therapy.
A Rare Case of Clear Cell Cervical Adenocarcinoma in a Perimenopausal Female
Authors: Rathore Neha , Yadav Garima , Singh Pratibha , Ingitha P.
Published: February 2025

Cervical cancer is the fourth-most common cancer in females. The uncommon subtype cervical clear-cell adenocarcinoma accounts for only 4%–9% mostly affecting the younger population. The major established risk factor is intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in childhood. A case of a 40-year-old female with no intrauterine exposure to DES is reported, which revealed a cervical mass replacing the lower lip of the cervix on pelvic examination and later diagnosed with clear-cell carcinoma of the cervix.
Enhancing quality of life in multiple sclerosis: A study protocol to evaluate the impact of a therapeutic education program
Authors: Akhrif Iman , Skalli Sara , Karkouri Samia
Published: February 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes lesions leading to both physical and psychological impairments, significantly affecting daily life. Therapeutic education has been identified as a valuable approach in managing chronic diseases, including MS. This study aims to develop a structured therapeutic education protocol specifically for MS patients, with the goal of demonstrating its positive effects on quality of life. This prospective, descriptive study will examine the effects of a therapeutic education program on the quality of life in MS patients. The study will be conducted at Rabat University Hospital’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurology departments. Participants will undergo individualized educational sessions and interactive workshops. Evaluations will be performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months using the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54) and the Measure of Urinary Handicap (M.H.U) scale. Effective management of MS necessitates personalized care strategies, including therapeutic education, which can enhance patient knowledge, self-management, and overall quality of life. This study aims to provide insights into how structured educational interventions can impact MS management and patient outcomes. This study protocol outlines an investigation into a therapeutic education program for MS patients. By addressing disease understanding, symptom management, and psychosocial support, the program seeks to improve patients’ quality of life. Future research should assess the long-term effects of such interventions and compare their efficacy with other MS management approaches.
Effect of extended parallel process model training on enhancing physical activity of overweight pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hakimzadeh Atena , Hajian Sepideh , Afrakhteh Maryam , Rafiei Fatemeh
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

The present study determined the effect of extended parallel process model (EPPM) based training on enhancing the physical activity of overweight pregnant women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This randomized controlled clinical trial examined 100 overweight pregnant women referred to prenatal care clinics in Mahdiye and Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, in August 2022. The participants were assigned into two intervention and control groups through random allocation. The intervention group underwent EPPM-based training three times (18–20, 26–30, and 37–38 weeks of gestation), while the control group received regular prenatal care. The training content and approach were designed and presented based on the four constructs of EPPM, that is, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived efficacy, and perceived self-efficacy. The 32-item Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) was used to measure and compare the participants’ four activity types at three rounds (18–20, 26–30, and 37–38 weeks of gestation) and their physical activity calendar in two periods. The data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 software at a significance level of < 0.05.

RESULTS:

After the educational intervention, the mean physical activity scores of the intervention and control groups were1462.2 ± 477.67and 861 ± 381.29 (P < 0.001; CI = 95%) in the first round, 1278.15 ± 480.31 and 675 ± 375.03 (P < 0.001; CI: 95%) in the second round, respectively. The mean weight gain value in the second trimester equaled 4.09 ± 0.76 and 4.52 ± 0.71for the intervention and the control group, orderly. This difference was significant in the second trimester (P = 0.002) but not in the third. Likewise, a comparative analysis of the neonates’ anthropometric indices and prenatal complications revealed no significant differences.

CONCLUSION:

The EPPM-based educational intervention effectively contributes to motivating pregnant women and changing their behavior toward improving their physical activity and can be employed to encourage them to enhance their physical activity during pregnancy.
Depression, anxiety, and stress associated with Internet addiction in Iranian general population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nazari Abouzar , Hosseinnia Maede , Heydari Hassan , Garmaroudi Gholamreza
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

This study aims to comprehensively investigate the association between Internet addiction (IA) and mental health, focusing on depression, anxiety, and stress in the Iranian general population. By employing a cross-sectional design, we surveyed 2012 individuals using a validated questionnaire. Our primary objectives were to assess the prevalence of IA, identify demographic factors influencing addiction scores, and explore the interplay between addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress. The findings contribute to the understanding of IA’s impact on mental health in the Iranian context.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In 2023, 2012 Iranian individuals were surveyed using convenience sampling. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographics, internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test), and mental health (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale). Statistical analysis with SPSS 27.0 included normal distribution assessment, descriptive statistics, and group comparisons using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Multiple linear regression explored the relationships between mental health, problematic social media use, and overall social media use. Generalized Linear Models assessed the nuanced association between mental health and internet addiction, addressing collinearity. This comprehensive approach unveils the complex relationships in demographic factors, internet addiction, and mental health outcomes.

RESULTS:

The 2012 participants were predominantly men (60.3%), married (59.3%), and of age 26–35 (45.8%); the mean IA score was 45.67 (SD = 15.49). Notably, lower income (5–10 million tomans) correlated with reduced IA scores (P < 0.05). Multivariable models identified significant associations. Participants with Master’s and Ph.D. degrees had higher IA scores (β* = 2.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.75–4.43, P = 0.006). Increasing severity in depression and anxiety consistently correlated with higher addiction scores (P < 0.001), with substantial impact (β* = 12.02 and 10.66, respectively). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between depression, anxiety, and stress (r = 0.747, 0.775, and 0.786, respectively). Variations in depression by marital status, anxiety by BMI, and stress by both income and BMI were significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The study highlights IA as a prevalent and significant issue in Iran, influenced by diverse psychological and demographic factors. The findings suggest that interventions targeting IA should take into account the roles of depression, anxiety, stress, education, income, marital status, and BMI. The study recommends further research to delve into the causal mechanisms and long-term consequences of IA in Iran.
Filtering reality: Navigating Instagram’s influence on adolescent mental health
Authors: Balamurugan G , Vijayarani M
Published: February 2025

The article presents a meticulous review of the multifaceted influence on the mental well-being of adolescents. This article focuses on how Instagram affects the mental health of teenagers. The researchers looked at databases like PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar for studies on “Instagram,” “adolescents,” “mental health,” “well-being,” “effect,” and “impact” from the year 2016-2023. They found 132 articles and chose 37 to study in depth. This study explores how Instagram affects teenagers’ mental health positively and negatively. On the positive side, Instagram can be a platform for creativity and connection. However, excessive use can lead to depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and low self-esteem. It also sheds light on the hidden danger of cyberbullying, which is rampant on Instagram and can severely impact adolescent mental well-being. While acknowledging these risks, the article recognizes that Instagram plays a role in adolescent socialization and offers opportunities for interventions, such as vaping awareness campaigns. The report wraps up by offering suggestions for handling teen mental health in the age of Instagram. Ideas include encouraging people to use Instagram responsibly, advising parents and instructors, and outlining areas for more research. The paper highlights the need for mindful technology use on Instagram because of its possible effects on teen mental health.
Macular vessel density in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema in different stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Salehi Ali , Malekahmadi Mohammad , Ghanbari Heshmatolah , Ghazi Mahya
Published: February 2025

Background:

Macular vessel density can play a significant role in the prognosis of diabetic macular edema (DME). The aims of this study were to investigate macular vessel density using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with refractory DME across different stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and explore its relationship with clinical parameters.

Material and Methods:

This was a cross sectional descriptive analytical study. Diabetic patients diagnosed with NPDR and refractory DME were included. OCTA imaging was performed to quantify vessel densities. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ), central macular thickness (CMT), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were also measured.

Results:

Eighty nine eyes from 89 patients, including 53 males (59.6%), with a mean age of 60.17 ± 9.95 years were enrolled. The results revealed no significant differences in vessel densities and FAZ between different DR severity groups (P > 0.05). In addition, no significant correlations were observed between vessel density and CMT or most clinical variables, except for a negative correlation between deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density in the foveal region and BCVA (r = −0.246, P = 0.019).

Conclusion:

In patients with refractory DME, foveal DCP density was negatively correlated with visual acuity, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for visual prognosis and follow up of patients.
Effect of Auricular Point Acupressure Therapy on Noise-Induced Tinnitus: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Chen Qin , Lv Huiyang , Qi Jinghuimin
Published: February 2025

Objective: This retrospective analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of auricular point acupressure therapy as an adjunct to conventional treatment for noise-induced tinnitus. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with noise-induced tinnitus admitted to the Sandun branch of Zhejiang Hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 and included 100 patients for analysis. Based on the different treatments, the patients were divided into a conventional therapy group (methylcobalamin tablets for 4 weeks, n = 52) and an auricular point acupressure therapy group (methylcobalamin tablets and auricular point acupressure therapy for 4 weeks, n = 48). The baseline characteristics, tinnitus loudness, hearing thresholds, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Evaluation Questionnaire (TEQ), and clinical efficacy were assessed before and after treatment. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, compared with the patients in the conventional therapy group, those in the auricular point acupressure therapy group had an advantage in tinnitus loudness, hearing thresholds, and THI and TEQ scores, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The clinical effectiveness in the auricular point acupressure therapy group was significantly higher than that in the conventional therapy group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Auricular point acupressure therapy has a substantial effect on the treatment of noise-induced tinnitus. It is superior to conventional therapy in reducing tinnitus loudness and hearing thresholds. As a noninvasive therapy, auricular point acupressure has the potential to be an adjuvant therapy for noise-induced tinnitus.
Atopic Dermatitis in Adults: Focus on Topical Therapy
Authors: Marshall Leisa L.
Published: February 2025

Objective To review the topical therapies for adults, including older adults, with atopic dermatitis. A background on atopic dermatitis in adults, overview of treatment recommendations, and the pharmacists’ role for care is included. Data Sources Articles
indexed in PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, and Google Scholar in the past 10 years using the search terms atopic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and treatment, and atopic dermatitis and adults were reviewed. Current guidelines and manufacturers’ prescribing information were reviewed. Primary
sources were used to locate additional resources. Study Selection/Data Extraction Forty-five publications were reviewed and criteria supporting the objectives identified useful resources. Data Synthesis Selected literature included practice guidelines,
review articles, research articles, product prescribing information, and drug information databases. Conclusion Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease that may present at any age. Atopic dermatitis has a relapsing course with active disease
followed by periods of remission. Atopic dermatitis is not curable, but available and recommended regimens can control patient symptoms. Topical therapies are the preferred treatment and are able to control atopic dermatitis in most adults. Topical moisturizers are the mainstay of therapy.
Despite regular use of a moisturizer, most patients will need a topical anti-inflammatory agent to control disease flares. The Food and Drug Administration-approved topical anti-inflammatory agents include the corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, a phosphodiesterase-4 enzyme inhibitor,
and a Janus Kinase inhibitor. Pharmacists are in a unique position to counsel patients about the appropriate use and benefits and risks of atopic dermatitis therapies.