bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of forest in the knowledge production of traditional medication in Tejang Village Sebesi Island, South Lampung
Authors: Sihotang V B L , Semedi P , Triratnawati A
Published: November 2021

Forest has a crucial role in elevating public welfare. It provides various products such as food, beverages, clothes, residence, musical instruments, and medicines. The medicines originated from the forest could act as the supplier for livelihood particularly for a traditional healer. The traditional healer is one of the health treatments sources for the people of Sebesi Island. For traditional healers, the forest is also beneficial in the knowledge production of traditional medication. This study purposes to examine the role of the forest in knowledge production carried out by traditional healers and identify the patterns of knowledge production. Data collection was done through interviewing, involving four traditional healers in Tejang Village, Sebesi Island, South Lampung. Another method was literature study related to the roles of forests in traditional medication and knowledge production. The knowledge production process can occur through giving agents, both human and non-human ones, namely teachers, family members, books, and dreams. The interaction between those healers with the forest also resulted in the medication knowledge. The role of the forest in the knowledge production of traditional medication is that it transforms into a place for semedi or meditation when doing ngelmu, knowledge sources about medication, and the place for the existence of medicinal plants.
Genealogy and the contemporary of “orang rawang”: hidden population mapping on forest and land resource control practices in South Sumatera
Authors: Handoyo  , Effendi R , Nurfatriani F , Rochmayanto Y , Hidayat D C
Published: November 2021

The issuance of rights to manage and use forest and land resources by the government to large corporations usually incurs costs for the state and society. One of them is the emergence of hidden populations, namely people who are marginalized and even oppressed by development programs. Using the hidden population mapping method, this study reveals that hidden populations are born from the issuance of management and use rights on land they have relied on for their livelihoods. In this study, Orang Rawang is used as a term to represent a hidden population which the amounts is approximately about 30% of the population of Perigi Village and 35% of the population of Riding Village. The formation of Orang Rawang can be associated with a long-standing social stratification process that can now be identified from assets and survival strategies. Most of them do not have assets in the form of land ownership on mineral lands. Their main livelihood is fishing and collecting wood and non-timber products. Social networking in the community is carried out horizontally by dividing collective space for roaming areas, and vertically by forming patron-clan relationships with the Orang Risan and Orang Sungai.
Better social welfare through sustainable land-based production: assessing the potency of jurisdiction certification on the forestry sector
Authors: Nawireja I K , Pramudya E P , Wibowo L R , Hapsari M
Published: November 2021

Certification and pledge have long been the primary mechanisms to safeguard unsustainable forest exploitations and maintain the social welfare of forest communities by providing better access to the market. However, commodity-based certification and pledges have been criticised for their limited success in safeguarding the social welfare of the forest community. A newly developed certification scheme, the jurisdictional certification approach, offers an alternative to sustainable resources use. It promises a more comprehensive alternative for all stakeholders operating in a given jurisdiction and a more substantial government role. The literature review indicates that although Indonesia’s jurisdictional approach pilot project shows promising results in overcoming traditional certifications’ drawbacks, the actors’ acceptance within commodity chains is limited. The adoption requires intensive collaboration among government, private sectors and civil society. The government is expected to streamline the regulatory process within the jurisdiction, while the private sectors and civil society provide material and human resource supports. This process is reliant upon effective communication among the private sector and the different levels of government.
Valuation of rubber farming business in support of food security: a case study in Pulang Pisau Regency
Authors: Parlinah N , Djaenudin D , Iqbal M , Indartik  , Suryandari E Y , Salaka F J , Kurniawan A S , Effendi R
Published: November 2021

Government efforts to restore peat lands should consider to environmental benefits and considerable economic benefits for local communities. Rubber plant is one of the most cultivated commodities on peat lands and contributes to farmers’ income. Income from rubber business can improve their access to food sources to support food security. To ensure the sustainability of income from this business, this study aims to evaluate the rubber plantation business, map the marketing chain, and determine the contribution to household income. The research location is in Buntoi and Mantaren 1 villages, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. Data are collected through in-depth interviews with farmers and rubber commodity marketers. The business valuation methods use Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio). The results of the analysis show that the rubber plantation business meets the criteria for feasibility with a positive NPV value (cash inflow is greater than cash outflow), IRR is greater than the rate of return, and B/C is above 1. The rubber commodity marketing chain consists of farmers, traders, business groups, and processing industries. Farmers as producers play an essential role in ensuring the sustainability of the products released by considering the environmental aspects of the peat ecosystem characteristics. On the other hand, the processing industry plays an important role as a potential partner who can work directly with farmers/communities to guarantee the products released by the community and increase the added value of the products. Income from the rubber business has an important role in household income as well as supporting economic access to food.
Food habits of belida fish (Notopterus notopterus, Pallas 1769) in Sei Gesek Reservoir, Bintan Regency, Riau Island, Indonesia
Authors: Rapita  , Susiana  , Kurniawan D , Lestari F , Sabriaty D , Rianti U
Published: November 2021

Sei Gesek Reservoir is located in Bintan Regency, Riau Island Province. The reservoir is one source of water for the community in Tanjungpinang City. One of the freshwater fish that inhabit the Sei Gesek Reservoir is the belida fish (Notopterus notopterus). The objective of this study was to the Relative Length of the Gut (RLG), type and food composition of belida fish (N. notopterus), and food comparative in the digestive tract of the belida fish (N. notopterus) with food resources in the substrate Sei Gesek reservoir, Bintan Regency, Riau Island. The method used in this research was the survey method. A sampling of belida fish (N. notopterus) was carried out in three months according to the fishing grounds. The data analysis used is Relative Length of the Gut (RLG), Index of Preponderance (IP), and Index of Electivity (E). The result showed that the total fish caught was 30, there were 16 males and 14 females. The relative length of the gut female and male belida fish (N. notopterus) were 0.21 and 0.25 respectively. Based on the relative length of the gut value, belida fish (N. notopterus) was classified as a carnivore. The food types of belida fish (N. notopterus) were fish, crustaceans, microalgae, macrophytes, annelids, nematodes, and detritus. Index of preponderance showed that the main food of belida fish (N. notopterus) in Sei Gesek Reservoir was small fish based on sex, the month of capture, and body length measurement. Index of electivity showed that the food type from the microalgae isAsterionellasp. andClosteriumsp. not selected by belida fish (N. notopterus) as food.
Population dynamic of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) in Timor Sea, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Herwaty S , Mallawa A , Najamuddin  , Zainuddin M
Published: November 2021

Skipjack tuna is one of the potential fishery commodities in the waters of Timor, East Nusa Tenggara. This fish is exploited throughout the year without any management policies. This study aims to analyse population dynamic parameter. Length data were collected at the Oeba Fish Base from April to December 2020. Data analysis, size structure and age group of the Bhattacharya method, the L∞ and K values of the Ford and Walford method, total mortality by length catch converted curve, natural mortality by Pauly method, Y/R using the Beverton and Holt method. The results showed that the smallest fish was 27 cm FL, the largest was 71 cm FL, the dominant size is 55-58 cm FL and the average length was 48,68 ± 10,67 cm FL, L∞ 91.00 cm FL, and K 0.51 year1. The population consists of three age groups, the values of Z, M, F and E are 2.64 year1, 0.86 year1, 1.78 year1, and 0.68 year1 respectively. Current Y/R and optimal Y/R values are 0.036 and 0.060 grams recruit1 respectively. The conclusion, the high mortality of skipjack tuna is caused by fishing activities, and the high level of exploitation causes the recruitment process to be not optimal.
Biologycal aspect of Indian Scad (Decapterus russelli) (Ruppell,1830) caugth in Bali and Madura Straits, and Southern waters of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Lelono T D , Bintoro G , Setyohadi D , Sari W K
Published: November 2021

The way to determine whether the Indian scad (D. russelli) comes from the same stock or not, is using estimation morphology and biology. The kinship of D. russelli in the three waters is not too close, and it has a very distant kinship with D. macarellus and D. kurroides. D. russelli and D. macrosoma in Bali Strait and South Java is close. The results of the analysis show that two of five components of the characteristic morphometric factor of D. russelli in the three waters have a character differential percentage of 37.73% and similarity of 62.27%. The growth rate obtained (L∞) from Bali Strait is 26,16 cm FL, the growth rate coefficient (K) is 0,63 per year, and (t0) is -0,20 years length maturity (Lm) male 13,9 cm FL and female 16,1 FL. The type of foods that is found are 12 phylums. The growth rate obtained (L∞) from Southern Waters of East Java of 28,28 cm FL, the growth rate coefficient (K) is 0,83 per year, and (t0) is -0,18 year, length maturity (Lm) male 15,3 cm FL female 16,7 cm FL. Type of foods that is found are 6 phylums. The growth rate obtained in Madura strait has an asymptotic length (Loo) 24,63 cm FL ; K 0,63 per year and t0 -0,27 year. Indian scad is a carnivore with the main food is Zooplankton (61%). using the morphological and biological approach, it is found that the D. russelli caught in the three waters come from a different stock.
Estimation of Fish Production Potential with Benthos Biomass Approach in Sumani and Ombilin River of Singkarak Lake West Sumatra
Authors: Dwirastina M , Ditya Y C , Herlan
Published: November 2021

The potential for fish production is very important as a necessary material for WPP PD in making policies. Estimation of fishery production potential is adjusted to aquatic ecosystem. The method used differs between running and stagnant water based on the shape of the water. Fishery resources in Indonesia, especially inland fisheries, still cannot be managed and utilized optimally and sustainably. The method used in estimating fishery stocks in the watershed is the Leger-Huet method. Research to estimate fish production potential using the benthic biomass approach using the Leger-Huet method was carried out in February, June, and October 2019 in the Sumani River and Ombilin River, Singkarak Lake. The research objective was to determine the estimated value of fish production potential through the benthic biomass approach in the Sumani River (Inlet) and Ombilin River (Outlet), Singkarak Lake. The calculation of benthic biomass and fish production potential was carried out at the Testing Laboratory of the Research Institute for Inland Fisheries and Extension in Palembang. This system is expected to be able to provide alternative solutions for decision-making and agencies to determine the potential for fish production in an area. The determination of the potential for fish production using the benthic biomass approach is highly dependent on the width of the river. The results showed that the types of benthos in the Sumani and Ombilin rivers were 5 classes and 17 families. The benthos found by the Ombilin River are more varied than those in the Sumani River, and the estimated fish production potential of the Ombilin River is greater than that of the Sumani River. The highest yield of benthic biomass was found in the Ombilin River (159.06 gr/m2) compared to the Sumani River (76.06 gr/m2). Meanwhile, the average potential fish production in the Batang Sumani River (573.8 (kg/ha) is higher than in the Ombilin River (244.74 kg/ha).
The effectiveness of Sargassum polycystum C.Agardh (1824) density to reduce nitrate and phosphate in vannamei shrimp aquaculture
Authors: Yassir M A , Adharini R I
Published: November 2021

The current development of aquaculture raises problems in the form of pollution of liquid waste generated during the production process. Aquaculture wastewater contains very high concentrations of inorganic nutrient. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Sargassum polycystum density as a biofilter to reduce nitrate and phosphate in whiteleg shrimp pond. The study was conducted experimentally at indoor tank culture using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 density treatments with 3 replications, which were 1 gL−1, 2 gL−1, and 3 gL−1. The parameters observed were water quality such as nitrate, phosphate, temperature, salinity, pH, DO (Dissolved Oxygen), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), and TDS (Total Dissolved Solid); and also Saragassum’s growth. The results showed that the density of 3 gL−1 able to reduce nitrate 80% and phosphate 86,30%. The growth of S. polycystum for the three treatments decreased due to several factors, such as low nitrogen availability, environmental conditions, predators, and differences in stocking density. The average water quality measured during the study was temperature 27.84 °C; salinity 31.31 ppt; DO 4.72 mgL−1; pH 7.69; TDS 34.94 mgL−1; and TSS 4807.63 mgL−1. S. polycystum has the ability as biofilter for white shrimp culture because able to reduce nitrate and phosphate concentration. S. polycystum has potential benefits as alternative comodity candidate for polyculture and Integrated Multi Throphic Aquaculture (IMTA).
Livelihood strategies of two small-scale fisher communities: adaptation strategies under different fishery resource at southern and northern coast of Java
Authors: Suadi  , Nissa Z N A , Widyana R I , Atmojo B K D , Saksono H , Jayanti A D
Published: November 2021

Small-scale fishers are frequently exposed to a variety of hazards that threaten their livelihood. Different socio-cultural, natural resource, environment conditions potentially create unique vulnerability and livelihood strategies which may exist in different places. Therefore, an investigation in two different fishing communities was carried out to understand the similarities and different of livelihood strategy works in both places. The study was conducted in two small scale fisheries community in village Betahlawang (north of java) and Glagah (south of Java). This research aims to describe livelihood aspects and strategies of fisher communities in both locations under different fishery resource and their dependency on the fishery through systematic surveys. The study showed that both communities are highly dependent on natural capital which mainly the abundance of the fishery resources. Others factors affecting both communities’ sustainable livelihood are the uncertainty in catch, weather and policy, limited capital ownership, access, and knowledge and skills other than fishing. Although the two study sites share some capital similarities, the livelihood vulnerability and their strategy is different. Betahlawang fishers more vulnerable than Glagah fishers because Glagah fishers has more diverse livelihood alternatives.
Portfolios, programs, and projects in strategic marine-fisheries sustainability and blue growth: a case study in Indonesia
Authors: Ciptono W S , Suadi  , Cahyacipta S A , Bagaskara
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the study was to design the development of creative and sustainable solutions to critical problems of marine and fisheries through Portfolio, Programme and Project Management Maturity Model (P3M3) in order to execute strategic marine-fisheries sustainability and blue growth: a case study in Indonesia. This model can help marine-fisheries businesses deconstruct the problems of existing industries and create a new (innovative) policy based on the alignment of macro level (portfolio management), meso level (programme management) and micro level (project management) by providing superior value of Triple Bottom Line (economic-social-deep ecological environment) to the stakeholders and the generations for today and future forevermore.
Landings of Acetes spp. in the east coast of Sabah in the past 30 years (1990-2019)
Authors: Chen C A , Belynnda C A , Stephenie D K , Ng W L , Mustafa S , Hassan R , Shapawi R , Halid N F A
Published: November 2021

The genus Acetes is a minor planktonic crustacean group, known by locals as ‘Udang Geragau’, ‘Udang Baring’ or ‘Bubok’ in different parts of Malaysia. The main objective of this research is to study the impact of climatic events on Acetes spp. landings at the East Coast of Sabah waters (Kudat and Tawau) in the past 30 years (1990-2019). Landing data on Acetes was obtained from the Fisheries Department of Sabah, Malaysia while the climatic data were provided by Malaysian Meteorological Department. One-way ANOVA analyses were conducted on the mean temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and the annual landings of Acetes spp. Pearson’s correlation test was later performed to measure relationship between the annual Acetes spp. landings and the variables as mentioned above. The results of correlation tests revealed that two variables (mean temperature and relative humidity) were having weak negative correlations with the annual landings in Kudat. Mean annual rainfall showed weak positive correlation with the Acetes landings in Tawau. The present study showed that changes in climatic event does influence the annual landings of Acetes spp. in the East Coast of Sabah.
Characteristics of purse seine fisheries in the Sulawesi Sea (case study in Tumumpa fishing port)
Authors: Baihaqi  , Mahiswara  , Budiarti T W
Published: November 2021

The purse seine is the dominant fishing gear operating at the Tumumpa Fishing Port with a vessel of >90%. The purse seines that have developed are large pelagic targets, with the main catch targets being skipjack, mackerel tuna, and tuna. Tuna, mackerel tuna and skipjack are important commodities for fisheries in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the characteristics of purse seine fishing gear and its catch in the Sulawesi Sea. Data collection was carried out for two years from 2019-2020 at Tumumpa Fishery Port. Indications for the use of fish resources are calculated by comparing the length-at-first-capture (Lc) with the length-at-first-mature (Lm). The results showed that purse seines are very dominant in exploiting large pelagic resources (skipjack, mackerel tuna and tuna) with the proportion reaching 78%, small pelagic (21% scads and 1% other fish). The large pelagic fishing season using the purse seine vessel occurs in May – November, with 2 peak seasons in July and September. While the small pelagic occurs in May – September, with the peak occurring in July. The size when the frigate tuna was first caught was at a fork length of 25.15 cm (Lc) and Lm in a size of 28.52 cm for females and 28.29 cm for males. Meanwhile, the first scads was caught (Lc) at a length of 21.4 cm with the length-at-first-mature (Lm) being 20 cm for the female and 19 cm for the male. Based on this analysis, it was shown that the purse seines is a selective fishing gear for small pelagic fish but not selective for large pelagic fish.
Analysis of marine debris and mangrove forest density in Purnama village, Dumai city, Riau province
Authors: Yoswaty D , Amin B , Nursyirwani  , Diharmi A , Wibowo M A , Hendrizal A
Published: November 2021

Mangrove ecosystems naturally function as trap of waste produced from anthropogenic activities including marine debris. This study aims to analyze marine debris and density of mangrove forests in the Purnama Village. The survey research method was carried out in two stations: Station I (Estuary of Sungai Masjid) and Station II (coastal waters of the Unri Marine Station), which was held from April to July 2021. Marine debris was collected in five plots in a quadrant transect measuring 100 x 50 meter. Identification results of mangrove species in Station I found 3 species of mangrove (Xylocarpus granatum, Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorriza), while at Station II found 3 species of mangroves (Rhizophora apiculata, Xylocarpus granatum and Avecennia alba). This research results obtained the release of marine debris at Station II is more than that of Station I. While in Station II there are 172 items (marine debris density of 0.172 item/m2), weight of marine debris 12.665 grams/m2 and mangrove density 2222 individu/ha (category very close). At Station I there are 35 items (the density of marine debris is 0.035 item/m2), the total weight of marine debris is 3.194 grams/m2 and the density of mangroves is 1678 individu/ha (category very close).
Genetic diversity of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus von Martens 1868 using 16S mitochondrial DNA marker
Authors: Mohd Dali M Z , Aidi Q , Mohd Nasir M S A , Ismail N , Kamarudin A S
Published: November 2021

There have been reported around 11 aquatic invasive alien species (IAS) found in Malaysian waters. Cherax quadricarinatus, or commonly known as Australian redclaw crayfish, is one of the invasive species. C. quadricarinatus has the potential of causing negative impacts ecologically and economically in the local environment as it has reported in several countries if they get established and not monitored properly. Habitat alteration, native species depletion and spreading of diseases are among the reported negative impacts of C. quadricarinatus. This study was conducted with the aim to assess the genetic diversity of C. quadricarinatus from 4 different populations. Uncovering the diversity and population structure of the redclaw crayfish will help in enhancing the understanding of adaptation and survival of C. quadricarinatus. Thus, the information can be used in monitoring and management of this invasive crayfish in future. DNA of C. quadricarinatus was successfully extracted from its tissue and amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S gene then proceeded for sequencing and analysed using several genetic analysis software to understand the diversity, phylogeny and population structure of this invasive crayfish species. A total of 493 bp fragments of 32 samples from four sampling sites were obtained. Four haplotypes were observed which Hap-1 was the most common haplotype. The highest genetic variation is Selangor (Pi = 0.00248, Hd = 0.694). However, low levels of both haplotype and nucleotide diversity indicates the loss of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results revealed that the percentage of genetic variation within the population was 69.58% while among populations was 30.42%, indicating significant genetic differentiation among population (P < 0.05). The maximum likelihood tree showed that all haplotypes were clustered and grouped together with United States, Czech Republic, China and Australia.
Influence of 2019 strong positive IOD on the upwelling variability along the southern coast of Java
Authors: Safinatunnajah N , Wirasatriya A , Rifai A , Kunarso  , Setiyono H , Ismanto A , Setiawan J D , Nugraha A L
Published: November 2021

The seas along the Southern Coast of Java, which are parts of the Indian Ocean, are exposed to climate variability conditions that influence the dynamic of oceanographic parameters in these areas. In terms of interannual climate variability, previous studies showed that Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) variability is more influential than El Niño Southern Oscillation on the upwelling variability along the Southern Coast of Java. This study aimed to determine the effect of strong positive IOD in 2019 on the upwelling along the Southern coast of Java and investigate the possible mechanisms. This study used sea surface temperature data from OISST, wind speed data from the ASCAT satellite, chlorophyll-a data from the Aqua-MODIS, and sea level anomaly data obtained from altimetry satellites. All data were processed using the composite method. The results show enhanced southeast monsoon upwelling during the 2019 strong positive IOD along the Southern Coast of Java as denoted by higher positive (negative) anomaly of chlorophyll-a (SST) from the climatology. Interestingly, the easterly wind speed is lower than the climatology. Since the IOD influences upwelling along the Southern Coast of Java through the propagation of Kelvin wave, our results indicate the enhancing (weakening) upwelling (downwelling) Kelvin wave during the strong positive IOD in 2019 with the propagation speed of about 1.16 m/s. This Kelvin Wave propagation may amplify the coastal upwelling along the Southern Coast of Java.
Characterization of the physical properties and sensory acceptability of Caulerpa racemosa grain beverage
Authors: Sinurat E , Nurhayati  , Fransiska D , Basmal J
Published: November 2021

Caulerpa racemosa grain was a healthy product and high nutrition. This study applied study was applied Caulerpa racemosa grain in the beverage with the addition of alginate powder. Thus, the present work was aimed to determine the properties of beverage C. racemosa grain formulated with the alginate concentration was varied (0; 0.025; 0.05; 0.075; 0.10 and 0.125 %). The testing of quality beverage C. racemosa viscosity was analyzed using viscometer methods. The colorimeter investigated the colour. The sensory acceptability hedonic and score method (colour, appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptance) used a 5-point. Results showed that alginate used alginate 0.025%, the highest preference, aroma, and appearance scores. The addition of alginate increased alginate was increased the viscosity of beverage C. racemosa grain. The colour of C. racemosa grain progressively became light as the level of alginate grew. However, the increased alginate is not significant enough to change the redness and greenness value of C. racemosa grain beverage. The panelists have preferred to drink the selected Caulerpa grain beverage (concentration sodium alginate 0.025%), with slightly viscous.
Quality of gelatin from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by-products and its effects as edible coating on fish sausage during chilled storage
Authors: Rofikoh R , Darmanto Y S , Fahmi A S
Published: November 2021

Gelatin is a hydrolysed collagen that can be used as raw material for edible coatings to protect perishable foods such as fish sausage. This study aims to examine the quality of gelatin from tilapia by products (skin, scale, bone) and determine the best source of fish gelatin as edible coating on quality of tilapia sausage during chilled storage. The process of made skin gelatin was demineralized with acetic acid while scale and bone were demineralized by hydrochloric acid. Gelatin was examined for yield, gel strength, and viscosity. After edible coatings were applied to the sausages by dipping method, the sausages were stored in the refrigerator at ±5°C for 21 days. Quality deterioration of sausages during storage were measured by sensory value, moisture content, TPC, gel strength and color. The results showed that the highest gelatin yield was obtained from tilapia scales, which was 6.87% while the yield of skin and bone were 4.33% and 1.47% respectively. The best material for edible coating was bone gelatin with gel strength and viscosity which were 325 bloom and 7.10 cP respectively. The application of sausage, where the appearance and texture of sensory value were still acceptable until 21st days of storage. Sausages with edible coating from tilapia bone also showed the highest gel strength about 2514,99-3716,05 g.cm.
The quality of Ulva lactuca fatty acid microemulsion with ascorbic acid antioxidant during storage
Authors: Aprilianti N , Saraswati R D , Budhiyanti S A
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and storage duration on Ulva lactuca fatty acid quality in microemulsion with ascorbic acid antioxidants. U. lactuca is a green algae obtained from coastal areas in Trenggole, Yogyakarta. The stages in this study were extraction of U. lactuca fatty acid, production of its microemulsion, and addition of ascorbic acid antioxidant. The extraction of fatty acid was carried out using hexane and ethanol solvents with a ratio of 1:19 (v/v) at 70°C for 3 hours. Furthermore, the microemulsion production was done by using three different types of surfactants, including Tween 80, Tween 20, and Span 80, at a ratio of 7,0:7,5:5,5 (v/v), respectively, with 80% water content and 200 ppm of U. lactuca fatty acid. This study consisted of three treatments of ascorbic acid antioxidants, namely 0, 100, and 200 ppm. The microemulsions with ascorbic acid were stored at 10, 30, and 50°C. The quality measurements were carried out between 4 to 20 days. The results showed the temperatures and storage time significantly affected turbidity, antioxidant activity, peroxide, and TBA value up to the 20th day of storage. The turbidity value increased more than 1% on the 20th day, while the peroxide and TBA values were still in the standard of food products. Therefore, the use of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant with a concentration of 200 ppm was appropriate to inhibit the rate of damage to the microemulsion.
Defects analysis of frozen fish steak processing using six sigma: a case study
Authors: Poernomo A , Ferawati N , Salampessy R B S
Published: November 2021

Six Sigma has been utilised to analyse defects of fish steak processing at PT X located in North Jakarta. The tools of the Six Sigma implemented in the study were Define, Measure, Analyse and Improve. The observation was conducted for two months in 2020 before the company was temporarily shut down due to Covid-19 pandemic. Four defects were detected during the study, ie under size fish, softened meat, off odor and green coloration of meat, totaling 2,446 kg out of 15,080 kg of fish. Further analysis showed that the Sigma level was 3.24 with a Defect per Million Opportunities (DPMO) of 40,739. Some improvements were recommended based on cause-effect diagram.
Functional groups of bio-lubricants from crude catfish oil (Pangasius hypothalamus)
Authors: Sari R N , Hastarini E
Published: November 2021

Bio-lubricants have great potential in the production of lubricating in the future. Several studies have developed animal oils as lubricants, which come from a by-product of fish processing. Fish oil extracted from the material and processed into bio-lubricants reached the highest yield of 94%. This research aimed to study the bio-lubricants functional groups. The research steps extracted crude fish oil as raw material, hydrolysis using HCl catalyst, polymerization using benzoyl peroxide, and polyesterification using ethylene glycol. The extraction process used the wet rendering method with a ratio of catfish waste (viscera) to the water of 1:2 (w/v) at 70 °C for 30 minutes. The best bio-lubricants were analyzed for functional groups using an FT-IR instrument with a wave range of 4000-450 cm−1. The results obtained were the absorption wavelength peak of 3472 cm−1, indicating O-H bonds with the sloping peak and the weak bond. The absorption wave peak of 3006-2852 cm−1 indicated a strong C-H bond (alkane). The absorption wave peaks of 1743 cm−1 indicated the presence of a C=O double bond. The adsorption wave peaks at 1465 cm−1 indicated carbon chain bonds between C-C, while the absorption wave peaks at 1115 and 1174 cm−1 indicated C-O bonds. The three spectral indicated that the ester groups formed in bio-lubricants. In the polymerization reaction, there was no absorption wave of 1600-1500 cm−1 which indicated that all C=C groups had been polymerized by benzoyl peroxide. Meanwhile, a sloping absorption wave of 3472 cm−1 was found in the polyesterification reaction due to the weak O-H bond. The analysis obtained above showed the differences in wave peak between bio-lubricant and crude fish oil as raw material but had the same group shape.
Antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysate from snakehead fish (Channa striata) viscera obtained by enzymatic process
Authors: Agustin V , Husni A , Putra M M P
Published: November 2021

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) in South Sumatra, Indonesia has been widely used as a raw material in the processing of typical Palembang food industry, namely pempek, kemplang, and kerupuk. During its processing, not all parts of the fish can be utilized. In general, only 40% of the fish is used for consumption and 60% is wasted as by-products. One of the by-product produced during processing is viscera which can still be used as value-added products. One alternative is to use viscera as raw material in the production of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) which is well known to have functional properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, and anticancer. This research was aim to determine the antioxidant activity of FPH made from snakehead fish viscera as a source of natural antioxidants. The research was conducted by papain treatments with the concentration of enzymes used were 1%, 2% and 3%. Evaluation of the hydrolysis process was done by measure the soluble protein and DH (degree of hydrolysis) while antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-Azinobis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid) assay. DH of fish protein hydrolysate was found to be 68.79%, 77.06% and 72.63%, respectively while protein solubility gave values of 5.69%, 6.15% and 6.56% respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was attained at enzyme concentration of 3% with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-Azinobis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline 6-sulphonic acid) value were 37.26% and 58.58% respectively.
Isolation and identification of nitrifying bacteria from tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) pond in Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Aswiyanti I , Istiqomah I , Isnansetyo A
Published: November 2021

This research aims to isolate and identify autochtonous nitrifying bacteria from tilapia pond in Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia for future application in aquaculture practices in the region. Bacteria were isolated using a nitrification medium. Bacterial characterization was carried out by non-pathogenic test to tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), and nitrification activity test in a single bacterial fermentation medium for 9 days. Bacterial identification was carried out based on the colony and cell morphologies, biochemical tests, and molecular analysis using the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes. A total of 15 isolates of nitrifying bacteria were obtained. Four non-pathogenic isolates obtained the highest nitrification activity on the sixth day of incubation, with nitrate production of 17.26-21.54 ppm. Two selected bacteria, isolates A2 and A3, have colony morphology that is milky white, smooth surface, circular shape, entire edge, and convex elevation. Both bacteria are short rods, Gram-negative, non-motile, produce catalase, fermenting glucose, sucrose, and lactose, and do not produce oxidase, ornithine decarboxylase, indole, and H2S. Molecular analysis showed that the two isolates had the highest similarity (99.28% and 99.34%) to Klebsiella spp.
In vitro adhesion of Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter sp. probiotics on intestinal epithelial cells of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and the application effects on the fish growth and survival rate
Authors: Suryaningsih W , Maulana R , Istiqomah I , Isnansetyo A
Published: November 2021

This research aimed to determine the adhesion of Bacillus sp. (PCP1) and Enterobacter sp. (JC10) on intestinal epithelial cells of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and the effect of the probiotics application in feed on fish growth, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio. In vitro adhesion test was performed by using 108 cells/ml of bacteria, and 105 cells/ml of epithelial cells for 1 hour of incubation. The probiotics were added to the fish pellet with the dose of 5 x 104 CFU/g of feed with four treatments, including probiotic application every three days, seven days, without probiotic, and commercial probiotic application every three days. Each treatment consists of three replications. Red tilapia is maintained for 30 days in fiberglass ponds. The feed is given two times per day with a dose of 5 % of the biomass. The adhesion experiment results showed that Bacillus sp. (PCP1) and Enterobacter sp. (JC10) have adherence abilities higher than the commercial probiotics. The application of probiotics in tilapia for one month did not affect the fish growth, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Probiotic application in a longer period is needed to be addressed.
Application of sludge collector in super-intensive Vannamei shrimp farms
Authors: Makmur  , Taukhid I , Tampangallo B R , Asaad A I J , Rachmansyah
Published: November 2021

The solid organic waste load that is formed during the vannamei shrimp cultivation process is a problem that must be overcome because it triggers water quality deterioration and the emergence of shrimp disease. The sludge collector is designed to accommodate a load of the solid waste easily removed from the pond environment during the cultivation process. This study evaluates the performance of two types of pond outlets on water quality and shrimp production performance. Two concrete pond plots with an area of 1000 m2 each were used in this study. The treatments applied are the Sludge Collector and Central Drain solar model as outlet facilities located in the middle of the pond. The stocking density of the fry is 500 PL/m2 and is maintained for 92 days. According to the feeding program, 38-36% crude protein content is given eight times daily. The water exchange was carried out in the morning and evening. The application of additives in the form of lime, molasses, and probiotics into the ponds was adjusted to the needs and development of pond water quality conditions. The parameters measured consisted of water quality, total bacteria, total hematocyte count, prophenoloxidase (proPO), growth, survival rate, production, feed conversion ratio, and analysis of shrimp production costs. Data is analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study results show that the Sludge Collector application in super-intensive ponds has better water quality (total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, and total suspended solid performance due to the cleaner sludge disposal system to maintain water quality conditions suitable for the life of vannamei shrimp. This response is in line with the performance of THC and proPO in shrimp in Sludge Collector ponds that have a lower stress level than in Central Drain ponds. The sludge Collector application resulted in an 8.25% higher gain than the Sludge Collector treatment with a larger shrimp size.
Observation on the reproductive behavior and embryo of the daisy’s ricefish, Oryzias woworae in laboratory condition
Authors: Firmansyah M A , Mustahal  , Syamsunarno M B , Herjayanto M
Published: November 2021

Oryzias woworae is an endemic ricefish from Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi, traded as an ornamental fish. Information on the biology of these fish is very lacking, including their reproductive. These fish also face the threat of population decreasing in the wild. The research aimed to examine the spawning behavior and embryonic of O. woworae as the basis for aquaculture. Fish spawning was carried out using 1 male: 1 female ratio, which was repeated three times. The observed spawning behavior was pre-spawning, mating process, egg number, and morphology. Behavioral observations were carried out for five days of spawning. Observation of embryos was carried out to see the stages of embryo development until hatching. The results obtained on pre-spawning behavior were changes in body color and blackened fins in males, which did not occur in female fish. Males actively swim by approaching their dorsal and anal fins while chasing females. The female releases the eggs and is attached to the substrate, rapidly fertilized by the male fish. There is a phenomenon of females carrying eggs on the genital pore before being released to the substrate (non-pelvic brooder). Spawning only occurs during the day, and spawning is getting faster, which is at 09:00 AM on the fifth day. Oryzias woworae eggs have a diameter of 1.3 ± 0.2 mm, equipped with attaching and non-attaching filaments. Observations of O. woworae embryos showed that embryo hatching occurred at seven days 23 hours post-fertilization.
Utilization of citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds as a natural coagulant for turbidity removal
Authors: Dollah Z , Masbol N H , Musir A A , Karim N A , Hasan D , Tammy N J
Published: November 2021

Coagulation and flocculation are an essential component of both the treatment of drinking water and the treatment of wastewater. The coagulant is one of the materials or substances that is added to the water to remove, stabilizes and causes colloidal particles to settle. Chemical coagulants such as aluminum sulphate (alum), ferric chloride, and synthetic polymers are the most commonly used coagulants in the industry due to their efficacy in turbidity removal. However, the use of chemical-based coagulants has had some negative impacts on human health and the environment, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and has produced a high volume of toxic sludge. In order to reduce negative impacts, this led to the discovery of an alternative to the natural coagulant (plant-based) for drinking water treatment. The coagulant used in this study is a combination of fruit waste containing citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seed with a ratio of 80:20 and 40:60. In addition to determining the potential of the composite natural coagulant, the optimal dosage and the effect of the mixing duration are also studied in order to determine the best mixing duration for each stage of the coagulation-flocculation process. Laboratory-scale studies using jar test experiments were conducted on surface water to determine the percentage of turbidity removal. Fruit waste was collected from the UiTM Pulau Pinang cafeteria, dried in the oven for 24 hours at a temperature of 105°C. The optimum dosage of composite natural coagulant is 90 mg/L using an 80:20 ratio of citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds with 97% of turbidity removal. The optimum mixing time is determined where the fast mixing time is 180 rpm for 3 minutes, the slow mixing time is 20 minutes with 10 rpm and the settling time is 30 minutes. The study shows that citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds have the potential to become effective natural coagulants in the future.
Pretreatment of Coconut Shell by Torrefaction for Pyrolysis Conversion
Authors: Ahmad R , Ahmahdi S M , Mohamed A R , Abidin C Z A , Kasim N N
Published: November 2021

This study describes the influence of torrefied coconut shell (CS) as solid fuel on pyrolysis product yield. The CS were torrefied and then pyrolysed in a fixed-bed reactor at different temperature and reaction time. The raw and torrefied CS were analysed for mass and energy yield, proximate analysis and ultimate analysis. The pyrolysis products yield were compared between raw CS and torrefied CS. The results showed that the properties of torrefied CS in terms of proximate and ultimate analysis were enhanced than raw CS. The calorific value for torrefied CS increased 17.17 MJ/kg to 22.25 MJ/kg. The optimum condition obtained for torrefaction pretreatment was at 275 °C and reaction time of 60 min. The highest bio-oil yield of 45% from pyrolysis process was at temperature and reaction time of 500 °C and 6 min, respectively. Thus, these results indicate torrefied CS was a suitable fuel feedstock to conduct in thermal conversion such as pyrolysis.
Mechanical, Durability And Rheology Properties Of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) With Low Cement Content
Authors: Zahid M Z A M , Bakar B H A , Nazri F M , Alasmari H , Latiff M F P M , Ayob A , Muhammad K , Ahmad M M , Manaf B H A , Ishak M K
Published: November 2021

This current study attempts to investigate the mechanical, durability as well as rheology properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with low cement content and using coarse aggregate. The cement content used in UHPC mix in current study was 800 kg/m3. The slump flow, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption and water penetration tests were conducted to determine the workability, mechanical and durability properties of explored UHPC mixture. The test results show that the above properties were exceptional and comparable with other UHPC mixtures.
Evaluation of indicators for the implementation of road preservations in the national road implementation centre of west nusa tenggara
Authors: Sowolino B O , Santosa W
Published: November 2021

Road preservation is a road handling activity starting from prevention, maintenance and repairs needed to maintain road conditions to function optimally to serve traffic. Preservation activities include routine maintenance work, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and widening to standards. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the indicators used in the implementation of road preservation activities based on the level of importance and satisfaction of the perceptions of stakeholders involved in road conservation activities in the West Nusa Tenggara National Road Implementation Agency. The indicators used in this study are structural indicators and functional indicators. The hole parameter in the structural indicator is an important parameter in the implementation in the implementation of preservation activities in the West Nusa Tenggara National Road Implementation Center with the satisfaction level in handling of very satisfied.