bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I see a double-edged sword: How self-other perceptual gaps predict public attitudes toward ChatGPT regulations and literacy interventions
Authors: Chung Myojung , Kim Nuri , Jones-Jang S Mo , Choi Jihyang , Lee Sangwon
Published: January 2025

The double-edged nature of generative artificial intelligence (AI) underscores the importance of understanding complex and paradoxical public views about this emerging technology. Heeding to this call, this study examined how the general public perceives and reacts to Chat GPT and the implications of these perceptions, drawing on the third-person and first-person effect. A national survey in the United States ( N = 1004) revealed that individuals tend to believe they would personally benefit from the positive influence of Chat GPT, while others will benefit relatively less. Also, results showed that people believe that self is more capable of using Chat GPT critically, ethically, and efficiently than others. Interestingly, the self-other gap in perceived efficacy was influenced by subjective knowledge but not by objective knowledge about Chat GPT. The self-other gap in perceived efficacy negatively predicted support for government regulation of Chat GPT, while the self-other gap in both perceived influence and efficacy positively predicted support for literacy interventions.
Predictors of shifts in Internet use and frequency among older adults in Japan before and in later stages of COVID-19: A longitudinal panel study
Authors: Nakagomi Atsushi , Ide Kazushige , Kondo Katsunori
Published: January 2025

The study identifies the predictors of four patterns of shift in Internet use and frequency among older adults from the pre-COVID-19 to later stages of the pandemic. Our data included 4699 participants from a nation-wide panel study, the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study from 2019 to 2022. The findings demonstrated that 322 of 1884 (17.1%) nonusers initiated Internet use in 2019, while 418 of 2815 (14.8%) users discontinued Internet use in 2019. Older age, low education, and low population density predicted less initiation, greater discontinuation, less increase, and more decrease in Internet use. Participation in social activities predicted more initiation, lower discontinuation, and decrease in Internet use. Social support was associated with initiation, discontinuation, and increase in Internet use; the associations varied by the source of support. Digital divide among older adults was exacerbated by socioeconomic disparities. Engagement in social activities and targeted social support may help bridge this divide.
Focus Groups With Guatemalan Community Leaders About Barriers to Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control
Authors: Garcia Kimberly , Alvarez Gaby , Iacob Eli , Kepka Deanna
Published: January 2025

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among Latin American women, including Guatemalans. This is troubling, given we have a vaccine, screening tool, and treatment for this preventable disease. Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes most cervical cancer. HPV self-testing is a viable option for women in low-resource areas, such as Guatemala. More information is needed about barriers to HPV self-testing. We conducted four focus groups ( N = 43) in three locations in San Raymundo with female community leaders to assess the lived experience of their attitudes, practices, and knowledge about cervical cancer. Participants shared barriers they face receiving Pap tests, the HPV vaccine, and self-testing for HPV. We concluded culturally targeted information is needed about cervical cancer prevention, screening, and treatment. Policies should include outreach to marginalized populations in remote areas with low-literacy indigenous Mayans. Practices should include partnerships with lay midwives and health promoters to help Guatemalan women self-test for HPV.
Quantifying the Impact of State Health Policy on State Population Health Outcomes
Authors: Remmert David M. , O’Rourke Thomas
Published: January 2025

Thirty-five years after the Institute of Medicine report, The Future of Public Health (1988), multiple authors have considered what needs to be achieved to build a robust public health system that improves health for all. A central theme is the renewed emphasis on the role of evidence-based policy. This study provides clear evidence using a ranking methodology of how important policy is to achieving better health outcomes across the United States. The purpose of this study is to assess the association of state health rankings with well-established state health outcomes. Specifically, we calculate the strength of relationship of the rankings used in a previous study to six widely referenced health outcomes. Utilizing 88 predominantly health policy-oriented data elements found online for each of the United States, a state ranking was calculated across all actual, or behavioral, causes of death using the percent weightings attributable to each actual cause. These state rankings were correlated to state health outcomes. Findings indicated that state rankings correlated highly with five of the six health outcomes, excluding disability. States having supportive health policies ranked better in terms of the actual causes of death and population health outcomes. This finding is important to the field because it quantifies the degree that robust health policies matter to population health status and how these policies may be predictive of positive health outcomes. For practitioners, this finding supports greater emphasis on policy advocacy skills and encourages increased advocacy training in schools and programs of public health.
Experiences with low-intervention clinical trials—the new category under the European Union Clinical Trials Regulation
Authors: de Jong Amos J. , Gardarsdottir Helga , Santa-Ana-Tellez Yared , de Boer Anthonius , Zuidgeest Mira GP
Published: January 2025

Background/Aims

Low-intervention clinical trials have been established under the European Union Clinical Trials Regulation (EU 536/2014) which aims to simplify the conduct of clinical trials with authorized medicinal products. There is limited experience with conducting low-intervention trials. Therefore, this study aims to report on experiences and perceived (dis)advantages of low-intervention trials.

Methods

We surveyed representatives of all individual clinical trials registered on the public website of the European Union Clinical Trials Information System between 31 January 2022 and 1 December 2023 that evaluated authorized investigational medicinal products and had at least one investigative site in the European Union. These representatives were approached between June 2023 and January 2024.

Results

We received 70 responses (response rate 21%). Of the respondents, 31 represented a trial registered as low-intervention trial, and 39 represented a trial not registered as a low-intervention trial (hereafter “regular trials”). Simplified clinical trial monitoring and an easier regulatory approval process were perceived as the main advantages of low-intervention trials, with respectively 44% and 34% of the respondents indicating this to be an advantage in low-intervention trials. However, the respondents experienced that stringent and unclear regulatory requirements impeded the conduct of low-intervention trials. Respondents involved with regular trials indicated that 39% of the regular trials met the criteria of a low-intervention trial but were not registered as such, among others due to unfamiliarity with this trial category.

Conclusions

We argue that the simplified procedures for low-intervention trials should be more detailed—for example in regulatory guidance—in the future to further simplify the conduct of clinical trials with authorized investigational medicinal products.
The imbalance of circulating PD-L1-expressing non-classical/ classical monocytes is involved in immunocompromised host related pulmonary opportunistic infection
Authors: Zhou Danhong , Jin Yujia , Jin Yifan , Shen Yu , Qu Qiuxia , Chen Cheng
Published: January 2025

The application of biological therapy and glucocorticoids in Auto-immune diseases (AID) patients will cause immunocompromised host (ICH) prone to infection. And monocytes play a key role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We aimed to investigate the changes of circulating monocyte subsets in AID or AID-ICH patients with pulmonary infection. The subgroups and PD-L1 expression of monocytes were measured by flow cytometry in healthy individuals (HC), new-onset AID patients (AID cohort) and AID-ICH patients with pulmonary opportunistic infection (AID-ICH cohort). Flow cytometry analysis was used to determine the distribution of monocyte subsets, including classical monocytes (CL, CD14++CD16−), intermediate monocytes (ITM, CD14++CD16+) and non-classical monocytes (NC, CD14+/−CD16++), as well as the dynamic change of PD-L1 + cluster among monocyte subsets. Among total monocyte, AID-ICH displayed decreased CL subset along with increased NC subset compared to HCs and AID. Regarding PD-L1 + monocytes, although CL subset constituted the majority of that in HCs, AIDs and AID-ICHs, imbalance of NC/CL within PD-L1 + monocytes was only noticed in AID-ICHs ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, when AID subjects were developed into immunocompromised status (ICH), PD-L1 + cluster in CL was minorly decreased ( P > 0.05). Clinically, the lower ratio of PD-L1 + cluster among CL subset ( P < 0.05) and the less differentiated CL in PD-L1 + monocytes ( P < 0.05) was more likely to leaded to disease progression. The imbalance of circulating NC/CL subset was remarkable in immunocompromised host with pulmonary opportunistic infection, especially involvement of PD-L1+ cluster, which served as a potential biomarker in clinical practice.
Oral supplementation with propionate is reflected in the serum of healthy individuals
Authors: Schröder Maximilian , Pasic Arijan , Hirche Frank , Rozanova Svitlana , Sgodzai Melissa , Gisevius Barbara , Horstkemper Lea , Gold Ralf , Marcus Katrin , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Motte Jeremias , Barkovits Katalin , Stangl Gabriele , Fisse Anna Lena
Published: January 2025

Background:

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including propionic acid (PA), are key in immunological research. Supplementing PA has shown benefits for autoimmune diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the PA pharmacokinetics is essential for the optimal design and execution of studies utilizing orally administered PA.

Objective:

We propose two methods of measuring PA in serum, carried out by different laboratories.

Design:

Blood samples from 20 volunteers were collected hourly following PA supplementation.

Methods:

Serum propionate quantification was performed with two independent mass spectrometry-based (MS) analyses, including liquid-chromatography (LC)-MS and direct-infusion (DI)-MS.

Results:

PA levels increased within 1 h of ingestion of 500 mg PA. Serum concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 4.5 µmol/L, rising significantly after 1 h ( p < 0.05). Serum levels returned to baseline within 2 h. No significant differences were found regarding sex or diet.

Conclusion:

The shown pharmacokinetics can be used in future PA research.
From Aldana to Zamora and Everyone In-Between: Exploring the Guatemalan Far Right's Social Media Campaigns against Non-Allies
Authors: Hatcher Rachel
Published: January 2025

From 2014 to 2023, Ricardo Mendez Ruiz published thousands of Facebook posts where he explained that he and the far-right Foundation against Terrorism, of which he is president, will defend Guatemala's military and sovereignty from “terrorists” who threaten Guatemala. Mendez Ruiz engages in propaganda campaigns and lawfare to discursively discredit targets–human rights defenders and anti-impunity actors–and their work. These two work together and force targets into exile, contributing to democratic backsliding. This article analyses these posts to better understand who Mendez Ruiz targets and what he says about them, underscoring the role of a non-state actor in weakening democratic institutions and deepening authoritarianism.
Rare SV2C coding variants in Parkinson's disease risk
Authors: Chang Chu Hua , Chew Elaine Guo Yan , Lian Michelle Mulan , Tandiono Moses , Li Zheng , Chung Sun Ju , Tan Louis CS , Au Wing-Lok , Prakash Kumar M , Ahmad-Annuar Azlina , Tan Ai Huey , Mok Vincent , Chan Anne YY , Lin Juei-Jueng , Jeon Beom S , Khor Chiea Chuen , Lim Shen-Yang , Tan Eng-King , Foo Jia Nee
Published: January 2025

Genome-wide association studies have identified SV2C as a Parkinson's disease (PD) risk locus, with a common missense variant p.Asp543Asn in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) protein significantly associated with PD. We examined if other rare SV2C variants also influence PD risk. We analyzed sequencing data of 9810 East Asian individuals comprising 4298 patients and 5512 controls and identified 55 rare nonsynonymous variants. There was no significant association of rare nonsynonymous or loss-of-function variants with PD. Our findings show that besides p.Asp543Asn, other rare coding variants in SV2C do not play a major role in PD susceptibility in East Asia.
‘He Who Pays the Piper Calls the Tune?’ - Free speech in the employment context in Germany
Authors: Krause Rüdiger
Published: January 2025

Under German law, the fundamental right to freedom of opinion as an expression of human personality and a basic condition for a liberal democracy does not end at the factory gate, but is also available to employees in the employment relationship. However, the employees' right to freedom of expression must be appropriately balanced with the interests of the employer and other employees. This article describes the relevant principles that have developed in German labour law over time on this topic and, in addition to the constitutional background, also deals in detail with the trends in labour court case law. It focuses on political statements, criticism of the employer and working conditions, insults and racist statements made inside and outside the workplace, as well as on social media. In particular, the article attempts to analyse the importance of the institutional framework, including the existence of a constitutional court, for a solid protection of freedom of expression in the employment context.
Who’s afraid of Sahra – Understanding the shift in votes towards Germany’s Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht
Authors: Heckmann Leon , Wurthmann L Constantin , Wagner Sarah
Published: January 2025

The emergence of the left-authoritarian Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht (BSW) has profoundly disrupted the German party system. Within a remarkably short time frame, the BSW has achieved significant electoral success, prompting a lively debate concerning the political origins of its voter base. A central question remains: to what extent can the BSW attract supporters from other parties such as the Alternative for Germany (AfD) or Social Democrats (SPD)? This study employs recent data from the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) panel to investigate voter flow dynamics and the issues motivating shifts towards the BSW. Our findings reveal that while the BSW struggles to attract core AfD supporters, the party has been notably more effective in appealing to recent AfD supporters. Overall, opposition to Ukraine support is the single most important issue that drives voters towards BSW.
Platformed Ritual in Emotions: (Dys)functional Construction of Intimacy in Digital Dating in China
Authors: Cao Xiyu , Sun Ping
Published: January 2025

Previous studies have discussed digital dating by the “love-is-fast” metaphor and the successful and failed stories on dating platforms to debate the ideal of modern intimacy; however, the conceptualization of rituals and mechanisms for constructing intimacy in a continuum of online and offline everyday life has been left unstudied. Drawing on Eva Illouz’s argument on a regime of performativity of emotions and ritual scholarship, this study investigates the staged (dys)functioning of platform-constructed acts. Based on 35 interviews and 14-month user-led cross-platform walkthroughs, this study examines how users deployed and interpreted the platformed monetized ritual in emotions to (de)code and (de)construct intimacy, and how users act on encountering the “unconcealed concealment” of mundane considerations, as well as the discontinuity of online/offline experiences of constructing intimacy. Reflecting on users’ choices and gender dynamics entangling the hybrid social orientations of materialism, individualism, and intervention of social institutions, this study underscores the fragile mechanism of digital dating and users’ trade-offs in the conundrum of heterosexual intimacy.
Comprehensive multidisciplinary care for adult Duchenne muscular dystrophy in South Korea
Authors: Choi Won Ah , Park Hee Jae , Kang Seong-Woong , Cho Sung-Rae , Cho Han Eol
Published: January 2025

Background

With advancements in cardiorespiratory care, the lifespan of patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) has significantly increased, shifting the focus from merely extending life to enhancing quality of life and managing complications effectively. However, there is a lack of interest in the management of adult DMD, highlighting a gap in holistic care approaches for this aging population.

Objective

This study aims to assess the current state of care for adult DMD patients in South Korea, focusing on multidisciplinary management and identifying key areas for improvement.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 168 adult DMD patients who visited the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center at [blinded for review] from 2022 to 2023. Demographic data, ventilatory support status, cardiac function, gastrointestinal, renal, and skeletal health were analyzed.

Results

Of the patients, 93.8% required non-invasive ventilatory support, while 6.2% used invasive ventilation. Cardiac medications were prescribed to 82.1% of patients, with beta-blockers being the most common. Renal dysfunction was found in 10.1% of patients, with one patient requiring dialysis. A significant portion (54.8%) were on anti-constipation medications due to gastrointestinal issues, and 41.7% of patients had undergone scoliosis correction surgery. Bone mineral density was significantly reduced in most patients, with an average Z-score of −3.3.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes the need for improved care protocols that enhance lifespan and quality of life and manage complications for patients with DMD. This study advocates a shift in healthcare strategies toward a more integrated and holistic care model for adult patients with DMD.
Silicate-substituted bovine-derived hydroxyapatite as a bone substitute in regenerative dentistry
Authors: Ratnayake Jithendra , Ramesh Niranjan , Gould Maree L , Mucalo Michael R , Dias George J
Published: January 2025

Hydroxyapatite, renowned for its biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties, plays a fundamental role in bone regeneration owing to its resemblance to natural bone mineral, thus offering considerable potential for advancing tissue engineering strategies. In this article, the innovative integration of silicon ions into biogenic (bovine-derived) hydroxyapatite (SiBHA) via a tailored sol-gel process is reported. The resultant SiBHA scaffolds exhibited an interconnected microporous structure with a total porosity of 70% and pore dimensions ranging from 120 to 650 µm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies validated the effective incorporation of silicon ions into the BHA lattice, with energy-dispersive X-ray and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry further confirming a Ca/P molar ratio for SiBHA between 1.63 and 1.74. Moreover, SiBHA scaffolds demonstrated commendable chemical and thermal stability. Of note, SiBHA scaffolds were found to display significantly enhanced mechanical properties, including compressive strength and Young’s modulus, compared to the control BHA scaffolds. In vitro assessments highlighted the capacity of SiBHA scaffolds to foster cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in osteonectin expression, a key bone matrix protein, after 14 days of incubation under osteogenic conditions. These findings highlight the biocompatibility and therapeutic potential of SiBHA scaffolds, suggesting their suitability as biomaterials for dental bone regeneration applications.
How Instructors Can Teach Students to Collaborate With Generative AI to Craft Effective Written Business Communications
Authors: Zufelt Amy H.
Published: January 2025

As businesses begin utilizing generative AI to assist with written communications, professionals will need to have the skills to get the results employers demand. A working strategy to assist students on how to best collaborate with generative AI to create traditional business writing pieces is essential as we move to this new integrated workplace.
Beyond resilience? State failure, mutual aid and local action
Authors: Nicholls Jack , Jupp Eleanor , McDermont Morag , Newman Janet
Published: January 2025

Resilience offers an important framing for analysing responses to crises. However it is a highly contested concept, roundly condemned by many because of its associations with neoliberal logics of rule and the shedding of responsibility from states to citizens and ‘third sector’ organisations. In this paper we draw on the work of Cindi Katz to explore resilience as multi-faceted, and linked to Katz’s notions of ‘resistance’ and ‘reworking’. We use this framework to assess the political significance of mutual aid and other forms of grassroot support to the COVID pandemic in the UK. We draw on three empirical vignettes: one of a mutual aid group in south-east England that emerged during the pandemic; a second of a long-established voluntary sector organisation, part of the ‘Settlement’ movement; and a third of civic action in a small town with a strong tradition of volunteering. These offer vignettes of action at different geographical scales, and with different political and cultural histories. We argue that neither discourses of ‘resilience’ as self -reliance, nor the transformative promises in some accounts of mutual aid, adequately capture the shifting and contingent politics at play. Instead we stress the complex dynamics of different patterns of social action in particular places as practices of resilience, resistance and reworking emerge in response to perceptions of state failure. Following Katz’s framework we illuminate this fragile and emergent terrain of action, and suggest how such action might mitigate other emergent crises.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Gundelia tournefortii Aqueous Extract on the Liver and Kidney of PCOS Mice
Authors: Hachem Samah , Al Battal Miriam , Dakdouk Hoda , Natour Dania El , Borjac Jamilah
Published: January 2025

Background

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder associated with increased risk of kidney and liver damage. Current treatments have shown contradictory outcomes, and their long-term use causes unwanted side effects. G. tournefortii could serve as a complementary medicine to current PCOS treatments.

Purpose

This study evaluates the effect of G. tournefortii in alleviating liver and kidney damage induced by PCOS via the regulation of oxidative stress pathways.

Study Design

PCOS was induced in female Balb/c mice using dehydroepiandrosterone over 21 days. They included a Sham group, a Vehicle group, a group treated with the extract only, and an untreated PCOS mice group. Positive Controls were treated with Metformin. The other PCOS groups were either co-treated while inducing PCOS or treated with the extract post-disease induction.

Methods

Histological analysis was performed. Serum liver and kidney biochemical markers, levels of oxidative stress, and two pro-inflammatory markers were measured. NLRP3 and its associated genes (caspase-1 and ASC) gene expression was assessed.

Results

The extract restored normal kidney and liver histology post-PCOS induction. It decreased ALT and AST levels by 50% and the oxidant marker malondialdehyde (MDA) by 65% ( P < .05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase (CAT) activities were normalized in PCOS treated group. IL-1β/TNF-α significantly decreased (80% and 68%, respectively, P < .05) in the post-treated group. NLRP3 genes decreased in kidney tissues post-treatment with G. tournefortii extract.

Conclusion

G. tournefortii reduced oxidative stress by modifying the ASC/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway, thus protecting livers and kidneys highlighting the herb as a potential preventative and complementary agent in mitigating PCOS associated damage.
Resistance is futile – explanatory theory must go on! A commentary on Robert W. Lake's ‘On Resisting the Seduction of Theory’
Authors: Yeung Henry Wai-chung
Published: January 2025

This commentary echoes Robert Lake's epistemological critiques of theory as Truth-seeking or Understanding-oriented in a material world of contentious socio-spatial change. But instead of blaming incessant theory culture, I make the case for a kind of mid-range theory that might offer practically adequate social knowledge for positive real-world interventions. In line with pragmatist thinking in critical Geography, I argue that context-specific explanatory theory can overcome the sort of Cartesian anxiety and academic escapism identified in Lake's paper. Good theory is about conceptualising and teasing out those analytical connections within thick descriptions that can shed useful light on the purposive practices of actors and their constitutive power relations and ultimately make the difference through illuminating empirical outcomes and the possibilities for changing them. While we should indeed resist the temptation of ‘theoretical theory,’ explanatory theory must go on.
Governing artificial intelligence means governing data: (re)setting the agenda for data justice
Authors: Taylor Linnet , de Souza Siddharth Peter , Martin Aaron , López Solano Joan
Published: January 2025

The field of data justice has been evolving to take into account the role of data in powering the field of artificial intelligence (AI). In this paper we review the main conceptual bases for governing data and AI: the market-based approach, the personal–non-personal data distinction and strategic sovereignty. We then analyse how these are being operationalised into practical models for governance, including public data trusts, data cooperatives, personal data sovereignty, data collaboratives, data commons approaches and indigenous data sovereignty. We interrogate these models' potential for just governance based on four benchmarks which we propose as a reformulation of the Data Justice governance agenda identified by Taylor in her 2017 framework. Re-situating data justice at the intersection of data and AI, these benchmarks focus on preserving and strengthening public infrastructures and public goods; inclusiveness; contestability and accountability; and global responsibility. We demonstrate how they can be used to test whether a governance approach will succeed in redistributing power, engaging with public concerns and creating a plural politics of AI.
Impact of parameter selection on seismic loss and recovery time estimates: A variance-based sensitivity analysis
Authors: Kourehpaz Pouria , Molina Hutt Carlos , Zsarnóczay Adam
Published: January 2025

Probabilistic models in performance-based earthquake engineering propagate uncertainties from key input parameters to output performance measures. Although these models integrate important sources of uncertainty, several model parameters are deterministic and remain constant despite the difficulty in defining them with high confidence based on empirical or theoretical arguments. This study employs variance-based sensitivity analysis to investigate how uncertainty in (1) demands, (2) fragility functions, (3) building replacement consequences and (4) impeding factor delays impact seismic loss and recovery time estimates. The results indicate that the size of modeling uncertainty added to the simulated demand distribution has the most significant impact on the variance in seismic losses at all, but the highest hazard level, that is, 2475-year. At low hazard levels, that is, 100 and 475 years, the uncertainty in the capacity of structural components (e.g. slab–column connections) and nonstructural components (e.g. elevator) are the main contributors to variance in downtime to re-occupancy and functional recovery, respectively. At the 2475-year intensity level, the uncertainty in building replacement cost and replacement time becomes the primary contributor of the variance in the seismic loss and recovery time outputs due to the high probability of irreparable damage. The analyses presented in this article offer valuable insights into which parameters deserve more attention when conducting seismic loss and recovery time assessments.
Cutaneous dysbiosis characterizes the post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation period
Authors: Cardones Adela R , Emiola Akintunde , Hall Russell , Sung Anthony D. , Zhang Jennifer Y. , Petty Amy Jiayue , Puza Charles , Bohannon Lauren M. , Bush Amy T , Lew Meagan V. , Fleming Elizabeth , Jin Yingai Jane , Nichols Krista Rowe , Jain Vaibhav , Gregory Simon G , Sullivan Keith M , Chao Nelson J. , Oh Julia
Published: January 2025

Gut dysbiosis is linked to mortality and the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but the impact of cutaneous dysbiosis remains unexplored. We performed a pilot observational study and obtained retroauricular and forearm skin swabs from 12 adult patients prior to conditioning chemotherapy/radiation, and at 1-week, 1-month and 3-months after allogeneic HSCT, and performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The cutaneous microbiome among HSCT patients was enriched for gram-negative bacteria such as E coli and Pseudomonas, fungi, and viruses. Enrichment with bacteriophages and Polyomavirus sp, was observed among patients who died within 1-year, while we observed longitudinal stability of the cutaneous microbiome at the 3-month time point among those who survived beyond 1 year post-HSCT, although these may simply be a reflection of the overall medical status of the patients. There was no association with fungal abundance and any of the outcomes observed. The cutaneous microbiome may be a reservoir of pathobionts among allogeneic HSCT patients. Our findings suggest that cutaneous dysbiosis exists post-HSCT, but the ultimate implication of this to patient outcomes remains to be seen. Larger studies are required.
Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis
Authors: Iqbal Najeeha Talat , Khan Hana , Khalid Aqsa , Mahmood Syed Faisal , Nasir Nosheen , Khanum Iffat , de Siqueira Isadora , Van Voorhis Wes
Published: January 2025

Background

Long COVID or Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 is an emerging syndrome, recognized in COVID-19 patients who suffer from mild to severe illness and do not recover completely. Most studies define Long COVID, through symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, joint pain, and headache prevailing four or more weeks post-initial infection. Global variations in Long COVID presentation and symptoms make it challenging to standardize features of Long COVID. Long COVID appears to be accompanied by an auto-immune multi-faceted syndrome where the virus or viral antigen persistence causes continuous stimulation of the immune response, resulting in multi-organ immune dysregulation.

Main text

This review is focused on understanding the risk factors of Long COVID with a special emphasis on the dysregulation of the gut-brain axis. Two proposed mechanisms are discussed here. The first mechanism is related to the dysfunction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 infection, leading to impaired mTOR pathway activation, reduced AMP secretion, and causing dysbiotic changes in the gut. Secondly, gut-brain axis dysregulation accompanied by decreased production of short-chain fatty acids, impaired enteroendocrine cell function, and increased leakiness of the gut, which favors translocation of pathogens or lipopolysaccharide in circulation causing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The altered Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis is accompanied by the reduced level of neurotransmitter, and decreased stimulation of the vagus nerve, which may cause neuroinflammation and dysregulation of serum cortisol levels. The dysbiotic microbiome in Long COVID patients is characterized by a decrease in beneficial short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Dorea, and Bifidobacterium) and an increase in opportunistic bacteria (Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus). This dysbiosis is transient and may be impacted by interventions including probiotics, and dietary supplements.

Conclusions

Further studies are required to understand the geographic variation, racial and ethnic differences in phenotypes of Long COVID, the influence of viral strains on existing and emerging phenotypes, to explore long-term effects of gut dysbiosis, and gut-brain axis dysregulation, as well as the potential role of diet and probiotics in alleviating those symptoms.
BDH1 identified by transcriptome has a negative effect on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells of dairy goats
Authors: Ni Mengke , Zang Saige , Wang Yihan , Qin Xiaochen , Tian Min , Xiong Tiantian , Chen Chong , Zhang Yue , Luo Jun , Li Cong
Published: January 2025

Background

The 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1) mainly participates in the regulation of milk fat synthesis and ketone body synthesis in mammary epithelial cells. In our previous study, BDH1 was identified as a key candidate gene regulating lipid metabolism in mammary glands of dairy goats by RNA-seq. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BDH1 on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells of dairy goats (GMECs).

Results

The results suggest that BDH1 plays a significant role in reducing triacylglycerol content and lipid droplet accumulation in GMECs (p < 0.05). Overexpression of BDH1 significantly decreased the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (SREBF1 and GPAM) and reduced the levels of C14:0 and C17:1, while increasing FABP3 expression and C10:0 concentration (p < 0.05). Interference with BDH1 significantly increased the expression of SREBF1 and GPAM and the concentration of C14:0, C15:1, and C20:1, but significantly decreased FABP3 and C18:0 (p < 0.05). Treatment of GMECs with β-hydroxybutyric acid (R-BHBA) significantly decreased the expression of FASN, ACACA, LPL, SREBF1, FABP3, ACSL1, GPAM, DGAT1, and triacylglycerol content, while significantly increasing the expression of BDH1 (p < 0.05). Interference with BDH1 rescued the reduction of cellular TAG content and the expression of FASN, LPL, SREBF1, ACSL1, and GPAM in BHBA-treated GMECs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, BDH1 negatively regulates lipid metabolism in mammary glands of dairy goats. Furthermore, it may mitigate the inhibitory effect of R-BHBA on lipid metabolism in GMECs.

Graphical Abstract

BDH1 serves as a negative regulator of milk lipid synthesis in GMECs, and BDH1 counteracts the inhibitory effect of R-BHBA on lipid synthesis in mammary epithelial cells of dairy goats.
Functional and structural connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in ADHD children with or without ODD
Authors: Wu Zhao-Min , Wang Peng , Liu Xue-Chun , Zhou Qing-Chao , Cao Xiao-Lan , Sun Li , Liu Lu , Cao Qing-Jiu , Yang Li , Wang Yu-Feng , Qian Ying , Yang Bin-Rang
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The current study aimed to investigate the structural and functional connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) only or comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD).

Methods

A total of 354 children with ADHD-only, 161 children with ADHD and ODD (ADHD + ODD), and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) were filled out by caregivers. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to test group-wise differences in these behavioral measures. A subsample comprising 209 participants underwent a resting-state functional MRI scan and a diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) scan. Functional connectivity and structural connectivity were calculated using bilateral subregions of the Amygdala as seeds. Between-group voxel-wise comparisons were conducted.

Results

The ADHD + ODD group had more anxious/depressed moods, more delinquent and aggressive behaviors, more emotional control problems, and more inhibition deficits than the ADHD-only group (all P
Bonferroni−corrected < 0.05). Compared with the control and ADHD + ODD groups, the ADHD-only group displayed increased FC strength between the amygdala subregions and the left caudate, left putamen, and frontal cortex. Regarding structural connectivity (SC), the ADHD-only group demonstrated higher streamline density in the left internal capsule, corpus callosum, and the right superior corona radiata. The altered SC was associated with emotional problems in children with ADHD, while the altered FC was associated with other ADHD-related clinical features.

Conclusions

Altered structural and functional connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in children with ADHD compared with their healthy counterparts were respectively associated with ADHD-related behavioral and emotional problems.

Clinical trial number

: not applicable.
Minimally invasive management of hidradenitis suppurativa using a 1470 nm diode laser: a step-by-step description of our technique
Authors: Brown Nana Kwame D. , Kumassah Philemon K. , Brown George D. , Brookmann Solomon , Ambe Peter C. , Agbedinu Kwabena
Published: January 2025

Background

The management of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) requires a multidisciplinary approach to ensure sustainable treatment results, especially in the advanced stages. Traditionally, deroofing and wide excision represented commonly employed surgical techniques. Due to the recurrent nature of HS, tissue preservation should be a relevant aspect of surgical management. The aim of this manuscript is to demonstrate the use of a diode laser for the management of different stages of HS, paying attention to tissue preservation.

Methods

This is a technical manuscript demonstrating our technique for laser–assisted management of HS. A diode laser with a wavelength of 1470 nm was used for this indication. The depth of the sinus/tract dictates the amount of energy required. Our preference is to use 8 Watts for deep lesions and 5 Watts for shallow lesions.

Results

The following 7 critical steps are important to achieve an optimal result with this technique: Drain all collections, minimize tissue damage, protect healthy skin, control risk factors, adopt a multidisciplinary approach, follow up closely, and be patient.

Conclusion

Laser-based management of hidradenitis suppurativa is a promising surgical option in the multidisciplinary treatment of this difficult pathology. The minimally invasive nature of laser surgery, especially tissue preservation, is a strong argument for the role of this technique in the management of this chronic, recurrent condition.
Using artificial intelligence based language interpretation in non-urgent paediatric emergency consultations: a clinical performance test and legal evaluation
Authors: Brandenberger Julia , Stedman Ian , Stancati Noah , Sappleton Karen , Kanathasan Sarathy , Fayyaz Jabeen , Singh Devin
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of Google Translate (GT) in translating low-acuity paediatric emergency consultations involving respiratory symptoms and fever, and to examine legal and policy implications of using AI-based language interpretation in healthcare.

Methods

Based on the methodology used for conducting language performance testing routinely at the Interpreter Services Department of the Hospital for Sick Children, clinical performance testing was completed using a paediatric emergency scenario (child with respiratory illness and fever) on five languages: Spanish, French, Urdu, Arabic, and Mandarin. The study focused on GT's translation accuracy and a legal and policy evaluation regarding AI-based interpretation in healthcare was conducted by legal scholars.

Results

GT demonstrated strong translation performance, with accuracy rates from 83.5% in Urdu to 95.4% in French. Challenges included dialect sensitivity and pronoun misinterpretations. Legal evaluation indicated inconsistent access to language interpretation services across healthcare jurisdictions and potential risks involving data privacy, consent, and malpractice when using AI-based translation tools.

Conclusions

Google Translate can effectively support communication in specific non-critical paediatric emergency scenarios. However, its use necessitates careful monitoring, understanding of its limitations, and attention to dialect and literal translation risks along with equity considerations. Establishing legal and policy frameworks for language interpretation in healthcare is crucial, alongside addressing funding and data security concerns, to optimize the use of AI-based translation tools in healthcare contexts.
Spatial transcriptome reveals histology-correlated immune signature learnt by deep learning attention mechanism on H&E-stained images for ovarian cancer prognosis
Authors: Ng Chun Wai , Wong Kwong-Kwok , Lawson Barrett C. , Ferri-Borgogno Sammy , Mok Samuel C.
Published: January 2025

Background

The ability to predict the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer can greatly improve disease management. However, the knowledge on the mechanism of the prediction is limited. We sought to deconvolute the attention feature learnt by a deep learning convolutional neural networks trained with whole-slide images (WSIs) of hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E)–stained tumor samples using spatial transcriptomic data.

Methods

In this study, 773 WSIs of H&E-stained tumor sections from 335 patients with treatment naïve high-grade serous ovarian cancer who were included in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Pan-Cancer study were used to train, and validate, and to test a ResNet101 CNN model modified with attention mechanism. WSIs from patients in an independent cohort were used to further evaluate the model.

Results

The prognostic value of the predicted H&E-based survival scores from the trained model on patient survival was evaluated. The attention signals learnt by the model were then examined their correlation with immune signatures using spatial transcriptome. After validating the model with the testing datasets, pathway enrichment analysis showed that the H&E—based survival score significantly correlated with certain immune signatures and this was validated spatially using spatial transcriptome data generated from ovarian cancer FFPE samples by correlating the selected signature and attention signal.

Conclusions

In conclusion, attention mechanism might be useful to identify regions for their specific immune activities. This could guide future pathological study for the useful immunological features that are important in modulating the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
Associations between CAG repeat size, brain and spinal cord volume loss, and motor symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a cohort study
Authors: Ye Zhi-Xian , Chen Xuan-Yu , Li Meng-Cheng , Chen Xin-Yuan , Qiu Yu-Sen , Yuan Ru-Ying , Chen Zhi-Li , Lin Min-Ting , Hu Jian-Ping , Fu Ying , Chen Wan-Jin , Wang Ning , Gan Shi-Rui ,   on behalf of the OSCCAR Investigators
Published: January 2025

Background

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a hereditary disease caused by abnormally expanded CAG repeats in the ATXN3 gene. The study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for assessing therapeutic efficacy by investigating the associations between expanded CAG repeat size, brain and spinal cord volume loss, and motor functions in patients with SCA3.

Methods

In this prospective, cross-observational study, we analyzed 3D T1-weighted MRIs from 92 patients with SCA3 and 42 healthy controls using voxel-based morphometry and region of interest approaches. Associations between expanded CAG repeat size, brain and spinal cord volume loss, and International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) scores were investigated using partial correlation and mediation analyses. Sample sizes of potential biomarkers were calculated.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, SCA3 patients had lower cerebellar volume and cervical spinal cord area. SCA3 patients evolved along a stage-independent decline that began in the cerebellum, progressed to spinal cord, brainstem, thalami, and basal ganglia, and extensive subcortex. Expanded CAG repeat size was associated with right cerebellar lobule IV volume (r = − 0.423, P < 0.001) and cervical spinal cord area (r = − 0.405, P < 0.001), and higher ICARS (r = 0.416, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of expanded CAG repeat size on ICARS through spinal cord. Sample sizes estimation revealed that a minimum sample size was achieved with spinal cord measures.

Conclusions

Our results indicate the potential of cervical spinal cord area as a biomarker for disease progression and a minimum sample size estimation in future clinical studies of SCA3.
Targeting UGT2B15 and NR1H4 interaction: a novel therapeutic strategy for polycystic ovary syndrome using naftopidil enantiomers
Authors: Zheng Xiufen , Chen Zikai , Liang Miao , Zhou Liting , Wang Miaoru , Zhang Silin , Zhang Shuyun , Ma Lei , Yi Wei , Liu Xiawen
Published: January 2025

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and the presence of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) on ultrasound, often accompanied by metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and obesity. Current treatments, including oral contraceptives and anti-androgen medications, often yield limited efficacy and undesirable side effects. This study investigates the role of UGT2B15, an essential enzyme for androgen metabolism, in PCOS pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Methods

We used RNA sequencing to examine the effects of UGT2B15 knockdown in KGN cells. To modulate UGT2B15 expression, we employed siRNA and (R)/(S)-NAF (naftopidil), a chemical inducer of UGT2B15 identified in our previous studies on a prostate hyperplasia model. The effects of siRNA and (R)/(S)-NAF on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, cell apoptosis, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in KGN cells were evaluated. In a PCOS mouse model, we assessed the effects of (R)-NAF and (S)-NAF on serum androgen levels, menstrual cycles, ovarian morphology, and UGT2Bs expression. Additionally, luciferase reporter and ChIP assays were utilized to study UGT2B15 regulation by NR1H4.

Results

Elevated androgens were found to suppress UGT2B15 expression in ovarian granulosa cells, leading to DHT accumulation and apoptosis. (R)-NAF and (S)-NAF treatments reversed these effects, alleviating PCOS symptoms in mice such as hyperandrogenism, irregular menstrual cycles, and the presence of ovarian cysts. NR1H4 negatively regulated the transcription of UGT2B15 in KGN cells. (R)-NAF and (S)-NAF disrupted NR1H4 binding to the UGT2B15 promoter without affecting its protein levels, indicating direct interference with its regulation.

Conclusions

UGT2B15 represents a promising target for novel PCOS therapies by modulating androgen metabolism and protecting ovarian granulosa cells from apoptosis. (R)-NAF and (S)-NAF regulate UGT2B15 by disrupting NR1H4's binding to its promoter, implying potential therapeutic compounds for PCOS treatment.