bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic Web Architecture and its Impact on E-learning Systems Development
Authors: Abou El-Seoud Samir , El-Sofany Hosam , Karam Omar
Published: November 2015

The Semantic Web is the next giant step of the current web technology. The use and application of the Semantic Web in E-learning has been explored with regard to two areas: 1) software that supports instructors to perform their tasks in flexible online educational settings, and 2) software that interprets the structure of distributed, self organized, and self-directed web-based learning. These two application areas and related tasks require a semantic representation of educational entities and pedagogical material, specifically the structure and the techniques of the teaching-learning process. In most E-learning systems users are able to manage and reuse learning contents according to their needs without any access problems. The main objectives of this study are: how can e-learning take advantage of Semantic Web technology, and how to integrate the Semantic Web technologies with e-learning systems, taking into consideration the standards and reusable learning objects (LO), and to show the advantages of improving the descriptions of content, context and structure of the learning material. The main goal of this article it to introduce an updated E-learning model based on the latest Semantic Web architectures.
Chinese Faculty Members’ Open Educational Resources (OER) Usage Status and the Barriers to OER Development and Usage
Authors: Guo Yuqing , Zhang Muhua , Bonk Curtis J. , Li Yan
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate faculty members’ usage of Open Educational Resources (OER) as well as the barriers to OER development and usage. 360 faculty members from Zhejiang University (ZJU) in China were randomly selected to complete a survey. The study found that: (1) most of surveyed faculty members rarely utilized OER, while they had some awareness of sharing educational resources; (2) the majority noticed online educational materials published for learning or reference, while they ignored open source software or licensing tools for sharing and reusing resources; (3) lack of time and skills were significant obstacles for faculty members to develop OER, while lack of incentives was a potential obstacle; (4) content, experience, and school factors affected faculty members’ OER usage; (5) online teaching experiences impacted incentive to develop OER as well as how to develop OER. It also played a key role in faculty members’ perceptions about the experience and habit factors as possible barriers to OER usage. Results of the study implicate that more serious efforts are needed to improve the awareness and development of OER in China.
Science and Innovative Thinking for Technical and Organizational Development
Authors: Komendziński Tomasz , Dreszer-Drogorób Joanna , Mikołajewska Emilia , Mikołajewski Dariusz , Bałaj Bibianna
Published: November 2015

Information technology becomes important part of the current state of the art within health sciences. It allows to gather and analyze biomedical signals and data sets in the more efficient way, and provide better insight into evidences due to metabases and decision support systems based on computational intelligence. Social changes, development of IT systems and shortages in number of specialists, specialistic equipment and budget can stimulate quicker development of cheaper semi-automated solutions increasing both accurateness of the diagnosis and the safety of patients. This chapter aims to describe the concept of the development of the heath care and professional training based on current achievements within technology, education, E-Health and patient-tailored therapy. The authors try to answer the question: how current results can be developed and incorporated into scientific research and clinical practice?
Security and the Role of New Technologies and Innovation in Medical Ethics
Authors: Chojnacki Michał , Wójcik Anita
Published: November 2015

Modern medicine has never before experienced such a rapid development of what is observed at the turn of the century. New opportunities bring new challenges that both - medical staff and patients - will have to face. The paper examines the role and safety issues new medical technologies in the light of respect for patients' rights and ethical dilemmas. For a better delineation of the phenomenon, presented the key moments of the origins and development of medical innovation. Based on observations and the current direction of the health sector were presented significant areas where abuse can occur at the level of ethical issues. Discussions have been subjected to actions considered modern medicine, in the light of security and respect for the patients' rights.
Behavior and Ethical Problems in the Functioning of the Operating Theater (Case Study)
Authors: Wójcik Anita , Chojnacki Michał
Published: November 2015

The progress of civilization and the dynamic development of the various branches of science is inevitable. Subsequent centuries brought behind the systematic development of medicine and nursing. This action always was and still is accompanied by ethical reflection. Widely understood ethics shall attempt to catch an eternal with the changes, especially in the protection of the essence of the man as well as his health. Image of medicine allows us to understand that the subject of immediate medical ethics is not just a doctor and a nurse, but that there are often entire therapeutic teams of health care professionals and patients themselves. Concern about the health of their ownership presupposes and active partnership in the process of treatment. Contemporary ethics interfere in every element of medicine, generating doubts and at the same time trying to normalize them, included in the specified frame. Operating theaters and the people working there are not free from this type of dilemma.
Public Health Legislation and Patient's Rights
Authors: Mokrzycka Anna , Kowalska-Bobko Iwona
Published: November 2015

The right to health care in a contemporary world is widely recognized as one of the fundamental rights included into human rights concept. Despite such general acceptation the meaning and scope of right to healthcare is not universally understood in the same manner. The process of unification has been initiated some years ago and is still being developed. The very first grounds in this regard are: legislation and political documents, like health strategies, programs and plans - both at the common and national levels. The two most important documents influencing and changing the right to health care today in Europe are Health 2020 Strategy and EU Directive on Patient's rights in cross-border care. These documents have important impact on national legislation of EU countries. They change the systemic perspective and create new approach towards patient's rights in this region. Hereby, the main features of the process and analysis of the documents referring to the Polish example are presented.
Tool Surface Microalloying by Self-Extending High-Temperature Synthesis
Authors: Fedorov Sergey Voldemarovich , Grigoriev Sergey Nikolaevich
Published: November 2015

The possibility of creation on a surface of high speed steel and a carbide material of near-surface layers modified with refractory combinations which are formed by means of initiating the reaction of self-extending high-temperature synthesis while microalloying with the use of pulse electronic-beam is shown.
Tetraspanin CD37 Regulates β2 Integrin–Mediated Adhesion and Migration in Neutrophils
Authors: Wee Janet L. , Schulze Keith E. , Jones Eleanor L. , Yeung Louisa , Cheng Qiang , Pereira Candida F. , Costin Adam , Ramm Georg , van Spriel Annemiek B. , Hickey Michael J. , Wright Mark D.
Published: November 2015

Deciphering the molecular basis of leukocyte recruitment is critical to the understanding of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the contribution of the tetraspanin CD37 to this key process. CD37-deficient mice showed impaired neutrophil recruitment in a peritonitis model. Intravital microscopic analysis indicated that the absence of CD37 impaired the capacity of leukocytes to follow a CXCL1 chemotactic gradient accurately in the interstitium. Moreover, analysis of CXCL1-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in postcapillary venules revealed that CXCL1-induced neutrophil adhesion and transmigration were reduced in the absence of CD37, consistent with a reduced capacity to undergo β2 integrin–dependent adhesion. This result was supported by in vitro flow chamber experiments that demonstrated an impairment in adhesion of CD37-deficient neutrophils to the β2 integrin ligand, ICAM-1, despite the normal display of high-affinity β2 integrins. Superresolution microscopic assessment of localization of CD37 and CD18 in ICAM-1–adherent neutrophils demonstrated that these molecules do not significantly cocluster in the cell membrane, arguing against the possibility that CD37 regulates β2 integrin function via a direct molecular interaction. Moreover, CD37 ablation did not affect β2 integrin clustering. In contrast, the absence of CD37 in neutrophils impaired actin polymerization, cell spreading and polarization, dysregulated Rac-1 activation, and accelerated β2 integrin internalization. Together, these data indicate that CD37 promotes neutrophil adhesion and recruitment via the promotion of cytoskeletal function downstream of integrin-mediated adhesion.
A vision for peace in the City of Tshwane: Insights from the homeless community
Authors: Mangayi Lukwikilu , Ngcobo Themba
Published: November 2015

Communities living on the margins of society, such as the homeless, are overlooked in the process of building a vision for peace in the City of Tshwane. This article, therefore, seeks to explore the issue of a vision for peace from the perspective of the homeless in the City of Tshwane. Isaiah 65:17–25 was used as a hermeneutic key, within a community engaged action research framework, to stimulate reflection and application in the context of homelessness where meaningful peace is non-existent. Emerging voices of ordinary readers (participants)of the text, as represented by the homeless in the City of Tshwane (CoT), suggest institutions (of education, business, government, churches as well as other individuals) need to work together in synergy towards the realisation of this peace in the city. In relation to peace in the CoT, this research has unearthed some insights from a local homeless community which could contribute towards the development of an integrated praxis needed for transformative urban missiology. The recommendations derived from the research are: the homeless people must be partisans to such a holistic and integrated vision for peace and should be seen as active responsible citizens of the city willing to undertake actions that are in support of this vision.
The two-point function of bicolored planar maps
Authors: Fusy Éric , Guitter Emmanuel
Published: November 2015

We compute the distance-dependent two-point function of vertex-bicolored planar maps, i.e., maps whose vertices are colored in black and white so that no adjacent vertices have the same color. By distance-dependent two-point function, we mean the generating function of these maps with both a marked oriented edge and a marked vertex which are at a prescribed distance from each other. As customary, the maps are enumerated with arbitrary degree-dependent face weights, but the novelty here is that we also introduce color-dependent vertex weights. Explicit expressions are given for vertex-bicolored maps with bounded face degrees in the form of ratios of determinants of fixed size. Our approach is based on a slice decomposition of maps which relates the distance-dependent two-point function to the coefficients of the continued fraction expansions of some distance-independent map generating functions. Special attention is paid to the case of vertex-bicolored quadrangulations and hexangulations, whose two-point functions are also obtained in a more direct way involving equivalences with hard dimer statistics. A few consequences of our results, as well as some extension to vertex-tricolored maps, are also discussed.
Tree hook length formulae, Feynman rules and B-series
Authors: Jones Bradley R. , Yeats Karen
Published: November 2015

We consider weighted generating functions of trees where the weights are products of functions of the sizes of the subtrees. This work begins with the observation that three different communities, largely independently, found substantially the same result concerning these series. We unify these results with a common generalization. Next we use the insights of one community on the problems of another in two different ways. Namely, we use the differential equation perspective to find a number of new interesting hook length formulae for trees, and we use the body of examples developed by the combinatorial community to give quantum field theory toy examples with nice properties.
The Place of Igbo Folk Songs in Peace Building and Sustainable Rural Development
Authors: Okpala NH
Published: November 2015

Music is an art that is generally practiced and most available of all the arts. In most Nigerian cultures  especially in Igbo culture, musical activities are organized to meet the demands of the people in all situations of life be it good or bad. It cuts across all stages of the developmental processes of man, from childhood to old age. At each stage, music plays some significant roles in the lives of the people. Music is part and parcel of Igbo culture. Igbo society provides avenues like ceremonies, festivals, and burials to mention but a few through which music are expressed. This paper among other things tries to examine the impact of folk music In Igbo culture, the place of music in the promotion of sustainable rural development. Selected Igbo folk songs with subject matters geared towards maintenance of peace in Igbo societies were also analyzed.Key words: Igbo Culture, Folk Music, Peace, Development, Ceremonies
The Underserved Communities: Overview of Information Services in the Riverrine Areas of Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Osuchukwu Ngozi P , Nebolise Lucy N
Published: November 2015

Very often, low services are experienced in some areas, denying some people the opportunities to be informed and empowered on improvement of standard of living. This study investigated the riverrine communities of Anambra East and West Local Government Areas (LGAs) with access to library and information services. Two hundred self designed questionnaires were purposely sampled in ten communities in the areas. Questionnaire and interview were used to elicit data from different groups of people in the communities. Data were collected and analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The study found out that some communities are cut off and cannot be accessed except by river. Also discovered was that the rural dwellers desire information more on health, agriculture and economic activities. The available information provisions are through the NGOs, gate-keepers and friends. There is no rural library or information centre in the areas. The challenges of  information services were found out to be lack of funds, transportation difficulty, inadequate personnel and inadequacy of mobile library. It was recommended that the State Library Board should repackage its programs and collaborate with agencies in relevant information services to the dwellers. The government should also include rural communities in its priority of social services.Key words: community, library and information services, riverine areas, rural dwellers service delivery, underserved
The Effects of Boko Haram’s Insecurity on Nigeria’s Economy
Authors: Njoku Julie Uba , Nwachukwu Josephine
Published: November 2015

Insecurity has been a major dare to the Nigerian government in recent times. The actions and activities of the Islamic sect known as Boko Haram had led to enormous loss of lives and properties in the countr,  particularly in the Northern part of Nigeria. Some of these activities include intimidation, bombings,  suicide attacks, sporadic gunfire of unarmed, blameless and innocent Nigerian citizens, burning of police  stations and churches, kidnapping, raping of school girls and women. Nigeria has also been included  amongst one of the terrorist countries of the world. This has serious implications for national  development. Though government had made worried hard work to deal with these challenges  masqueraded by terrorism and insecurity in the country but the rate of insurgency and insecurity is still  disturbing. This study therefore, investigated the effects of Boko Haram’s insecurity on Nigeria’s  economy. Data used for this study was sourced from online questionnaire, using Analysis of Variance  (ANOVA) method of analysis. The result showed that Ideology and funding are the significant basic factors  that propelled the Boko Haram sect in Nigeria, the Boko Haram disaster poses a significant threat to Nigeria’s economy and that the military is the best option and solution in tackling the Boko Haram  menace in Nigeria. The study recommended the following; government should declare war on terrorism  and seek support from international communities who have in the time past faced this kind on challenged and were capable to tackle it. Nigerian Military ought to be empowered further with arms to wrestle this  insurgency. The government is advised to beef up security in the country to curb the threat of insecurity.Keywords: Boko Haram, Insecurity, Terrorism, Nigeria’s Economy
The Metamorphosis of Bourgeoisie Politics in a Modern Nigerian Capitalist State
Authors: Uji Wilfred Terlumun , Uhembe Ahar Clement
Published: November 2015

The Nigerian military class turned into Bourgeoisie class has credibility problems in the Nigerian state and  politics. The paper interrogates their metamorphosis and masquerading character as ploy to delay the people-oriented revolution. The just-concluded PDP party primaries and secondary elections are evidence that  demands a verdict. By way of qualitative analysis of relevant secondary sources, predicated on the Marxian  political approach, the paper posits that the capitalist palliatives to block the Nigerian people from freeing  themselves from the shackles of poverty will soon be a thing of the past. It is our argument that this situation  eft unchecked would create problem for Nigeria’s nascent democracy which is not allowed to go through  normal party polity and electoral process. The argument of this paper is that the on-going recycling of the Nigerian military class into a bourgeois class as messiahs has a huge possibility for revolution. The paper  recommends that a more holistic approach to governing the Nigerian state should be contemplated. This  paper, though descriptive survey, highlighted some of the dangerous manoeuvres of People’s Democratic Party (PDP) in the last 16 years, especially under President Jonathan who failed to take decisive steps where and when he needed to.Key words: Bourgeois class, masquerading, credibility, revolution
Ozone changes under solar geoengineering: implications for UV exposure and air quality
Authors: Nowack P. J. , Abraham N. L. , Braesicke P. , Pyle J. A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Various forms of geoengineering have been proposed to counter anthropogenic climate change. Methods which aim to modify the Earth's energy balance by reducing insolation are often subsumed under the term Solar Radiation Management (SRM). Here, we present results of a standard SRM modelling experiment in which the incoming solar irradiance is reduced to offset the global mean warming induced by a quadrupling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. For the first time in an atmosphere–ocean coupled climate model, we include atmospheric composition feedbacks such as ozone changes under this scenario. Including the composition changes, we find large reductions in surface UV-B irradiance, with implications for vitamin D production, and increases in surface ozone concentrations, both of which could be important for human health. We highlight that both tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes should be considered in the assessment of any SRM scheme, due to their important roles in regulating UV exposure and air quality.
Phytoplankton calcification as an effective mechanism to alleviate cellular calcium poisoning
Authors: Müller M. N. , Barcelos e Ramos J. , Schulz K. G. , Riebesell U. , Kaźmierczak J. , Gallo F. , Mackinder L. , Li Y. , Nesterenko P. N. , Trull T. W. , Hallegraeff G. M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Marine phytoplankton have developed the remarkable ability to tightly regulate the concentration of free calcium ions in the intracellular cytosol at a level of ~ 0.1 μmol L−1 in the presence of seawater Ca2+ concentrations of 10 mmol L−1. The low cytosolic calcium ion concentration is of utmost importance for proper cell signalling function. While the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the tight control of intracellular Ca2+ concentration are not completely understood, phytoplankton taxonomic groups appear to have evolved different strategies, which may affect their ability to cope with changes in seawater Ca2+ concentrations in their environment on geological timescales. For example, the Cretaceous (145 to 66 Ma), an era known for the high abundance of coccolithophores and the production of enormous calcium carbonate deposits, exhibited seawater calcium concentrations up to 4 times present-day levels. We show that calcifying coccolithophore species (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Coccolithus braarudii) are able to maintain their relative fitness (in terms of growth rate and photosynthesis) at simulated Cretaceous seawater calcium concentrations, whereas these rates are severely reduced under these conditions in some non-calcareous phytoplankton species (Chaetoceros sp., Ceratoneis closterium and Heterosigma akashiwo). Most notably, this also applies to a non-calcifying strain of E. huxleyi which displays a calcium sensitivity similar to the non-calcareous species. We hypothesize that the process of calcification in coccolithophores provides an efficient mechanism to alleviate cellular calcium poisoning and thereby offered a potential key evolutionary advantage, responsible for the proliferation of coccolithophores during times of high seawater calcium concentrations. The exact function of calcification and the reason behind the highly ornate physical structures of coccoliths remain elusive.
Analogizing Interracial and Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: West Isaac
Published: November 2015

“Like race” analogies have been critiqued from various perspectives, and this article enters that conversation to engage those criticisms from a rhetorical perspective. In short, this article makes a case for resisting proscriptive judgments about these analogies until they have been contextualized and afforded their complexity as rhetorical figures. A rhetorical perspective of analogies engages them not as truth statements or as part of propositional logic (a monological view of communication) but instead as invitations to explore similar sets of relationships that are qualified through continued dialogue (a dialogical view of communication). Through a case study of a highly recirculated issue of the Advocate, this essay demonstrates the productive possibilities and limitations of analogical reasoning.
New ‘Field’ of Vocal Music Teaching and Research: Research on the Construction of a Novel Interaction Mode
Authors: Li Donglan
Published: November 2015

This paper, as an attempt to find a solution to the problem of ‘Identity Crisis’ brought about by the traditional spoon-feeding Education Mode, explores to construct a new mode of vocal music teaching characterized by an interaction on an equal and democratic footing between learners and the teacher in light of Habermas’ Communicative Action theory. This new mode, taking into consideration students’ personalities and characteristics, can help to cultivate their innovative spirit and practical ability, hence enhancing the expressiveness of the teaching content and bettering teaching effect and the quality of vocal music talents.
DIAGNOSING CLEFT LIP PATHOLOGY IN 3D ULTRASOUND: A LANDMARKING-BASED APPROACH
Authors: Vezzetti Enrico , Speranza Domenico , Marcolin Federica , Fracastoro Giulia
Published: November 2015

The aim of this work is to automatically diagnose and formalize prenatal cleft lip with representative key points and identify the type of defect (unilateral, bilateral, right, or left) in three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D US). Geometry has been used as a framework for describing facial shapes and curvatures. Then, descriptors coming from this field are employed for identifying the typical key points of the defect and its dimensions. The descriptive accuracy of these descriptors has allowed us to automatically extract reference points, quantitative distances, labial profiles, and to provide information about facial asymmetry. Eighteen foetal faces, ten of healthy foetuses and eight with different types of cleft lips, have been obtained through a Voluson system and used for testing the algorithm. Cleft lip has been diagnosed and correctly characterized in all cases. Transverse and cranio-caudal length of the cleft have been computed and upper lip profile has been automatically extract to have a visual quantification of the overall labial defect. The asymmetry information obtained is consistent with the defect. This algorithm has been designed to support practitioners in identifying and classifying cleft lips. The gained results have shown that geometry might be a proper tool for describing faces and for diagnosis.
Evaluación de la homofobia en los futuros docentes de Educación Secundaria
Authors: Penna Tosso Melani , Sánchez Sáinz Mercedes
Published: November 2015

La presente investigación pretendía valorar, entre otras cuestiones, el nivel de homofobia de los futuros docentes de Educación Secundaria (ES).

Esta es la primera investigación que con este propósito se realizaba en España y se desconocían los niveles de homofobia que se iban a encontrar.

La muestra estuvo constituida por 214 estudiantes (n= 214) que estaban realizando el Máster Universitario en Formación de Profesorado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas (MFPS).

Para la evaluación se elaboró un cuestionario validado mediante comisión de expertos y estudio piloto.

Los resultados encontrados permiten afirmar que una quinta parte del futuro profesorado manifiesta actitudes homófobas principalmente de tipo cognitivo.
Coordinación interdisciplinar mediante aprendizaje basado en problemas. Una aplicación en las asignaturas dirección de producción y estadística empresarial
Authors: Martín Peña María Luz , Díaz Garrido Eloísa , Sánchez López José María
Published: November 2015

Un aspecto clave del EEES es que las materias que conforman un título no pueden concebirse aisladas ni en contenidos ni en metodologías. El futuro graduado tiene que adquirir además de conocimientos las competencias que le preparen para su futura profesión. Se debe formar al estudiante bajo un enfoque multidisciplinar para que aprenda a encontrar las sinergias entre conocimientos, habilidades y aptitudes adquiridas.
En este contexto, se describe una experiencia de innovación educativa mediante la coordinación interdisciplinar de las asignaturas Dirección de Producción y Estadística Empresarial, ambas incluidas en el Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas. El objetivo general se alcanza mediante el desarrollo de un trabajo en el que el alumno pueda aplicar e interrelacionar los conocimientos adquiridos en varias asignaturas. Para el desarrollo del trabajo común, se utiliza el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la integración de conocimientos mediante la coordinación interdisciplinar es altamente valorada por los alumnos.
 
Concepciones del profesorado universitario sobre la formación en el marco del espacio europeo de educación superior
Authors: López María Carmen , Pérez-García Purificación , Rodríguez María Jesús
Published: November 2015

El objetivo de la investigación ha sido descubrir las concepciones del  profesorado universitario ante el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, desde el punto de vista Estructural, Profesional-Personal y Curricular, en función del campo de conocimiento, la facultad y la categoría profesional. Elaboramos un cuestionario, fruto de la revisión de la literatura, del cual calculamos su fiabilidad y validez. Aplicamos el análisis de varianza y confirmamos que no existen diferencias en las necesidades curriculares, sí en las necesidades estructurales en función de la facultad y el campo y también en las necesidades profesionales y personales en función del campo, de la facultad y la categoría profesional. En cuanto a las expectativas, no existen diferencias en las curriculares ni en las profesionales-personales, aunque sí en las estructurales.
El Enfoque Centrado en la Familia, en el campo de la discapacidad intelectual ¿Cómo perciben los padres su relación con los profesionales?
Authors: Arellano Torres Araceli , Peralta López Feli
Published: November 2015

El logro de una relación colaborativa entre profesionales y familias es una de las herramientas más poderosas para satisfacer las necesidades de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. En el marco de una investigación cualitativa, se llevaron a cabo 40 entrevistas individuales con padres/madres con hijos con discapacidad intelectual, con el propósito de analizar sus percepciones sobre la interacción que mantienen con los profesionales. Para ello, y de acuerdo con el Enfoque Centrado en la Familia (EFC), se consideraron como indicadores de una buena práctica profesional las siguientes categorías: comunicación, compromiso, igualdad, destrezas, honestidad y respeto. El 68% de los entrevistados tiene una experiencia buena o muy buena de su interacción con los profesionales, pero detectan carencias que apuntan la necesidad de ser abordadas desde la perspectiva de este enfoque emergente. Se discute el significado específico de cada categoría, a partir de las percepciones de las familias.
Nuevos escenarios y tendencias universitarias
Authors: Vázquez García Juan A.
Published: November 2015

Las universidades están en permanente transformación, pero ahora se perciben tendencias globales que pueden alterar profundamente el escenario universitario tal como lo conocemos y que enfrentan a las instituciones universitarias a importantes retos para adaptarse a esos nuevos escenarios y cambios. El artículo dedica su primera parte a realizar un recorrido por algunas de esas principales tendencias. En particular se aborda la naturaleza, características y previsibles consecuencias las cinco  tendencias siguientes:  la renovación de la demanda de enseñanzas, cualificaciones y modelos educativos; el aumento de la oferta educativa y de la educación transnacional y la internacionalización; la consolidación de nuevos esquemas de competencia y cooperación universitaria; la irrupción del componente educativo digital; y la transformación de los esquemas de financiación y organización y la necesidad de una gestión eficiente. En la segunda parte del artículo se aborda una reflexión sobre la situación y algunos de los problemas específicos de las universidades españolas y se plantea un decálogo de proposiciones orientadas a promover reformas y la adaptación a esas tendencias globales en el sistema universitario español.
Les musées de l’école et de l’éducation : un champ muséal quantitativement significatif mais difficile à cerner
Authors: Boyer Myriam
Published: November 2015

En étudiant la gestion, les politiques d’acquisition, de documentation et de valorisation d’un bon nombre d’institutions muséales européennes vouées à l’école et à l’éducation, Myriam Boyer établit une réflexion sur la pérennisation de leurs collections et sur les enjeux liés à leur diffusion. Fondé sur une étude de terrain rigoureuse menée entre 2005 et 2007, le panorama quantitatif et qualitatif qu’elle a dressé lui permet de poser une réflexion démontrant qu’une corrélation peut être établie entre les missions de ces musées et l’esprit du temps d’une société. Pour l’auteure, la sauvegarde de ce patrimoine repose sur deux conditions : la reconnaissance du rôle patrimonial et social de ces collections et le ralliement et la diversification des publics.
Restitution of Art and Antiquities: What are the implications of Holocaust restitution for museums that collect antiquities?
Authors: Impert John
Published: November 2015

John Impert cherche à faire un peu de lumière sur les dissensions qui se sont crées entre les défenseurs de patrimoine national, et les grands musées universels qui tentent, tant bien que mal de conserver des oeuvres saisies illégalement au cours du troisième Reich. Pour démontrer son propos, il a choisi de se concentrer sur les aléas juridiques impliquant héritiers et musées, dans des cas de restitutions éminentes d’oeuvres spoliées au cours de la deuxième guerre mondiale, en Autriche.
L’action coopérative. Une proposition d’ancrage des musées dans la vie régionale
Authors: Provencher-St-Cyr Geneviève
Published: November 2015

Pour les musées régionaux, la distanciation entre eux et leurs communautés est un problème actuel et préoccupant. Par l’analyse théorique de l’évolution du rôle social des musées et par l’étude de cas du Musée de Charlevoix et des Charlevoisiens, Geneviève Provencher-St-Cyr établit l’importance et l’avenir de l’action coopérative au sein des musées de région.
Neologia i gramàtica: entre el neologisme lèxic i el neologisme sintàctic
Authors: Ginebra Jordi
Published: November 2015

Resum: En aquest treball es mira de contribuir a objectivar el concepte de neologia sintàctica, de manera que pugui ser un recurs classificatori operatiu. La proposta és utilitzar l’expressió neologisme sintàctic per referir-nos als canvis de règim verbal que no són concomitants amb canvis semàntics (ja que llavors haurem de parlar de neologisme semàntic), i que tampoc concorren amb altres procediments neològics. En aquest sentit, un neologisme sintàctic no és un neologisme lèxic, una paraula nova, com sí que ho són els neologismes semàntics. Quan diem que el neologisme sintàctic exclou el canvi semàntic, però, no ens referim al significat relacionat amb les propietats estructurals de tipus temàtic i aspectual que determinen les diverses alternances sintàctiques regulars dels verbs i que els agrupen en classes sintàctiques. Així, l’aparició de l’alternant causatiu transitiu en un verb inacusatiu que no tenia aquest alternant il·lustra un cas de neologia sintàctica. La neologia sintàctica, doncs, reclassifica verbs, però no crea verbs nous. A més, pot fer adquirir a un verb una alternança que el col·loca fora de les classes establertes. Llavors ens acostem a l’àmbit del canvi sintàctic.Paraules clau: neologia, lexicologia, semàntica, canvi sintàctic, alternança verbal.
Josep Miquel Ramis, «Autotraducció: de la teoria a la pràctica», Vic, Eumo, 2014, 173 pp.
Authors: Monferrer Palmer Aina
Published: November 2015

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Josep Miquel Ramis, Autotraducció: de la teoria a la pràctica, Vic, Eumo, 2014, 173 pp.
Josep Gifreu, «El català a l’espai de comunicació. El procés de normalització de la llengua als mèdia (1976-2013)», Bellaterra / Castelló de la Plana / Barcelona / València, UAB / UJI / UPF / UVEG, 2014, 272 pp.
Authors: Nicolás Miquel
Published: November 2015

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Josep Gifreu, El català a l’espai de comunicació. El procés de normalització de la llengua als mèdia (1976-2013), Bellaterra / Castelló de la Plana / Barcelona / València, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona / Universitat Jaume I / Universitat Pompeu Fabra / Universitat de València, 2014, 272 pp. [Pròleg d’Isidor Marí.]
The Death of Unemployment and the Birth of Job-Seeking in Welfare Policy: Governing a Liminal Experience
Authors: Boland Tom , Griffin Ray
Published: November 2015

The category of ‘unemployment’ is gradually being replaced with ‘job-seeking’, in contemporary welfare policy – driven by ‘liberal’ or neo-liberal politics. Here we attempt to go beyond the ‘deprivation theory’ of unemployment, emphasising how the experience of ‘unemployment’ or ‘jobseeking’ is shaping the way it is governed – drawing on the Foucault inspired governmentality approach. Firstly, we examine the apparatus of supervision, interventions and sanctions introduced in Ireland under Pathways to Work. Secondly, we analyse a set of interviews with job seekers in 2014, specifically focusing on interactions with the social welfare office, internships, sanctions and job-seeking activities. Building on these empirical investigations we suggest that unemployment/job-seeking can be understood as an artificially produced liminality, characterised by uncertainty, self-questioning, tedious time to be filled and frantic seeking to escape to a job, and, in many cases, repeated failure.
Graduate Emigration from Ireland: Navigating New Pathways in Familiar Places
Authors: Moriarty Elaine , Wickham James , Daly Sally , Bobek Alicja
Published: November 2015

This article examines the ability of young Irish graduates to enact mobility as a form of personal and career development both during economic expansion and recession. Of particular interest is the observation that Irish graduates are much more mobile than those in other countries which were also badly affected by the recession. Drawing from a study of recent Irish graduate emigrants (Irish Graduate Abroad Study), the article demonstrates how Irish graduates have successfully negotiated routes into global labour markets, facilitated by the relatively straightforward recognition of their qualifications, their ability to speak English and the visa permissions that enable such movement. Irish graduates have incredible global networks generated through a family history of migration. Irish graduates also have a considerable prior culture of mobility facilitated through institutionally mediated mobility programmes. Taken together, Irish graduates have amongst the lowest barriers globally to actually enact global careers. In the context of limited opportunities in Ireland due to its size and its current economic situation, mobility is an attractive choice with far more to gain than lose for many young Irish graduates.
Salt-inducible kinases mediate nutrient-sensing to link dietary sugar and tumorigenesis in Drosophila
Authors: Hirabayashi Susumu , Cagan Ross L
Published: November 2015

Cancer cells demand excessive nutrients to support their proliferation but how cancer cells sense and promote growth in the nutrient favorable conditions remain incompletely understood. Epidemiological studies have indicated that obesity is a risk factor for various types of cancers. Feeding Drosophila a high dietary sugar was previously demonstrated to not only direct metabolic defects including obesity and organismal insulin resistance, but also transform Ras/Src-activated cells into aggressive tumors. Here we demonstrate that Ras/Src-activated cells are sensitive to perturbations in the Hippo signaling pathway. We provide evidence that nutritional cues activate Salt-inducible kinase, leading to Hippo pathway downregulation in Ras/Src-activated cells. The result is Yorkie-dependent increase in Wingless signaling, a key mediator that promotes diet-enhanced Ras/Src-tumorigenesis in an otherwise insulin-resistant environment. Through this mechanism, Ras/Src-activated cells are positioned to efficiently respond to nutritional signals and ensure tumor growth upon nutrient rich condition including obesity.
Synchronized amplification of local information transmission by peripheral retinal input
Authors: Jadzinsky Pablo D , Baccus Stephen A
Published: November 2015

Sensory stimuli have varying statistics influenced by both the environment and by active sensing behaviors that rapidly and globally change the sensory input. Consequently, sensory systems often adjust their neural code to the expected statistics of their sensory input to transmit novel sensory information. Here, we show that sudden peripheral motion amplifies and accelerates information transmission in salamander ganglion cells in a 50 ms time window. Underlying this gating of information is a transient increase in adaptation to contrast, enhancing sensitivity to a broader range of stimuli. Using a model and natural images, we show that this effect coincides with an expected increase in information in bipolar cells after a global image shift. Our findings reveal the dynamic allocation of energy resources to increase neural activity at times of expected high information content, a principle of adaptation that balances the competing requirements of conserving spikes and transmitting information.
Planar cell polarity-mediated induction of neural stem cell expansion during axolotl spinal cord regeneration
Authors: Rodrigo Albors Aida , Tazaki Akira , Rost Fabian , Nowoshilow Sergej , Chara Osvaldo , Tanaka Elly M
Published: November 2015

Axolotls are uniquely able to mobilize neural stem cells to regenerate all missing regions of the spinal cord. How a neural stem cell under homeostasis converts after injury to a highly regenerative cell remains unknown. Here, we show that during regeneration, axolotl neural stem cells repress neurogenic genes and reactivate a transcriptional program similar to embryonic neuroepithelial cells. This dedifferentiation includes the acquisition of rapid cell cycles, the switch from neurogenic to proliferative divisions, and the re-expression of planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway components. We show that PCP induction is essential to reorient mitotic spindles along the anterior-posterior axis of elongation, and orthogonal to the cell apical-basal axis. Disruption of this property results in premature neurogenesis and halts regeneration. Our findings reveal a key role for PCP in coordinating the morphogenesis of spinal cord outgrowth with the switch from a homeostatic to a regenerative stem cell that restores missing tissue.
Reward signal in a recurrent circuit drives appetitive long-term memory formation
Authors: Ichinose Toshiharu , Aso Yoshinori , Yamagata Nobuhiro , Abe Ayako , Rubin Gerald M , Tanimoto Hiromu
Published: November 2015

Dopamine signals reward in animal brains. A single presentation of a sugar reward to Drosophila activates distinct subsets of dopamine neurons that independently induce short- and long-term olfactory memories (STM and LTM, respectively). In this study, we show that a recurrent reward circuit underlies the formation and consolidation of LTM. This feedback circuit is composed of a single class of reward-signaling dopamine neurons (PAM-α1) projecting to a restricted region of the mushroom body (MB), and a specific MB output cell type, MBON-α1, whose dendrites arborize that same MB compartment. Both MBON-α1 and PAM-α1 neurons are required during the acquisition and consolidation of appetitive LTM. MBON-α1 additionally mediates the retrieval of LTM, which is dependent on the dopamine receptor signaling in the MB α/β neurons. Our results suggest that a reward signal transforms a nascent memory trace into a stable LTM using a feedback circuit at the cost of memory specificity.
A synaptic F-actin network controls otoferlin-dependent exocytosis in auditory inner hair cells
Authors: Vincent Philippe FY , Bouleau Yohan , Petit Christine , Dulon Didier
Published: November 2015

We show that a cage-shaped F-actin network is essential for maintaining a tight spatial organization of Cav1.3 Ca2+ channels at the synaptic ribbons of auditory inner hair cells. This F-actin network is also found to provide mechanosensitivity to the Cav1.3 channels when varying intracellular hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, this F-actin mesh network attached to the synaptic ribbons directly influences the efficiency of otoferlin-dependent exocytosis and its sensitivity to intracellular hydrostatic pressure, independently of its action on the Cav1.3 channels. We propose a new mechanistic model for vesicle exocytosis in auditory hair cells where the rate of vesicle recruitment to the ribbons is directly controlled by a synaptic F-actin network and changes in intracellular hydrostatic pressure.
Multivariate analysis of electrophysiological diversity of Xenopus visual neurons during development and plasticity
Authors: Ciarleglio Christopher M , Khakhalin Arseny S , Wang Angelia F , Constantino Alexander C , Yip Sarah P , Aizenman Carlos D
Published: November 2015

Biophysical properties of neurons become increasingly diverse over development, but mechanisms underlying and constraining this diversity are not fully understood. Here we investigate electrophysiological characteristics of Xenopus tadpole midbrain neurons across development and during homeostatic plasticity induced by patterned visual stimulation. We show that in development tectal neuron properties not only change on average, but also become increasingly diverse. After sensory stimulation, both electrophysiological diversity and functional differentiation of cells are reduced. At the same time, the amount of cross-correlations between cell properties increase after patterned stimulation as a result of homeostatic plasticity. We show that tectal neurons with similar spiking profiles often have strikingly different electrophysiological properties, and demonstrate that changes in intrinsic excitability during development and in response to sensory stimulation are mediated by different underlying mechanisms. Overall, this analysis and the accompanying dataset provide a unique framework for further studies of network maturation in Xenopus tadpoles.
Sputtering deposition of Al-doped zinc oxide thin films using mixed powder targets
Authors: Ohshima Tamiko , Maeda Takashi , Tanaka Yuki , Kawasaki Hiroharu , Yagyu Yoshihito , Ihara Takeshi , Suda Yoshiaki
Published: November 2015

Sputtering deposition generally uses high-density bulk targets. Such a fabrication process has various problems including deterioration of the material during heating and difficulty in mixing a large number of materials in precise proportions. However, these problems can be solved by using a powder target. In this study, we prepared Al-doped ZnO (AZO) as transparent conductive thin films by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering with powder and bulk targets. Both the powder and bulk targets formed crystalline structures. The ZnO (002) peak was observed in the X-ray diffraction measurements. The mean transparency and resistivity of the films prepared with the powder target were 82% and 0.548 Ω · cm, respectively. The deposition rate with the powder target was lower than that with the bulk target.
Improving high-resistance state uniformity and leakage current for polyimide-based resistive switching memory by rubbing post-treatment
Authors: Hsiao Yu-Ping , Yang Wen-Luh , Wu Chi-Chang , Lin Li-Min , Chin Fun-Tat , Lin Yu-Hsien , Yang Ke-Luen
Published: November 2015

In this study, a polyimide (PI) thin film is synthesized as a resistive switching layer for resistive random access memory (ReRAM) applications. The experimental results on polyimide thickness show that the Schottky effect between the interface of polyimide and metal thin films is the dominant mechanism in the high-resistance state (HRS). We, therefore, propose a rubbing post-treatment to improve the device performance. Results show that the uniformity and leakage of the memory in the HRS, as well as the power consumption in the low-resistance state (LRS), are improved. The power density of the set process is less than half after the rubbing post-treatment. Moreover, the power density of the reset process can be markedly decreased by about two orders of magnitude. In addition, the rubbed ReRAM exhibits a stable storage capability with seven orders of magnitude I
ON/I
OFF current ratio at 85 °C.