bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Routine Histopathologic Evaluation in Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: Oh Irvin C. , Ellis Scott J. , O'Malley Martin J.
Published: September 2009

Background:

Anecdotal evidence suggests that specimens submitted for histopathologic assessment during hallux valgus surgery most commonly reveal degenerative changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of routine examination of tissue from hallux valgus procedures. We hypothesized that such examination rarely diagnoses a new condition and does not alter postoperative management.

Materials and Methods:

Specimens from 315 consecutive primary hallux valgus reconstructions performed between November 1995 and August 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient charts were reviewed to determine the number of cases in which new diagnoses were made or treatment altered based upon histopathologic examination. Cost effectiveness was assessed by identifying the reimbursement for professional fees charged for these analyses. The total reimbursement per new diagnosis made and per alteration of treatment were calculated.

Results:

Degenerative changes were diagnosed in the majority of speciments (97.5%, 307 of 315). Other diagnoses included rheumatoid arthritis (1.3%, four of 315), gouty arthritis (1.0%, three of 315), and pseudogout (0.3%, one of 315). A new diagnosis was made only in the one patient (0.3%, one of 315) with pseudogout. Postoperative management was unchanged in every case.

Conclusion:

Routine submission of specimens obtained during hallux valgus surgery is not cost effective. New diagnoses are very rare and postoperative management did not change. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Assessment of the Effects of Diabetes on Midfoot Joint Pressures Using a Robotic Gait Simulator
Authors: Lee Dong Gil , Davis Brian L.
Published: September 2009

Background:

One of the more serious diabetic complications is Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN), a disease that results in arch collapse and permanent foot deformity. However, very little is known about the etiology of CN. From a mechanical standpoint, it is likely that there is a “vicious circle” in terms of (i) arch collapse causing increased midfoot joint pressures, and (ii) increased joint contact pressures exacerbating the collapse of midfoot bones. This study focused on assessment of peak joint pressure difference between diabetic and non-diabetic cadaver feet during simulated walking. We hypothesized that joint pressures are higher for diabetics than normal population.

Materials and Methods:

Sixteen cadaver foot specimens (eight control and eight diabetic specimens) were used in this study. Human gait at 25% of typical walking speed (averaged stance duration of 3.2s) was simulated by a custom-designed Universal Musculoskeletal Simulator. Four medial midfoot joint pressures (the first metatarsocuneiform, the medial naviculocuneiform, the middle naviculocuneiform, and the first intercuneiform) were measured dynamically during full stance.

Results:

The pressures in each of the four measured midfoot joints were significantly greater in the diabetic feet ( p = 0.015, p = 0.025, p < 0.001, and p = 0.545, respectively).

Conclusion:

Across all four tested joints, the diabetic cadaver specimens had, on average, 46% higher peak pressures than the control cadaver feet during the simulated stance phase.

Clinical Relevance:

This finding suggests that diabetic patients could be predisposed to arch collapse even before there are visible signs of bone or joint abnormalities.
Accuracy of Corrective Osteotomies in Fibular Malunion: A Cadaver Model
Authors: Heineck Jan , Serra Alexandre , Haupt Cornelius , Rammelt Stefan
Published: September 2009

Background:

While incorrect length of a fibular fracture reduction can be measured by plain radiographs, accurate imaging of rotational deformities requires computed tomography (CT). Operative correction of fibular malrotation has not been accurately measured. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of operative correction of fibular malrotation.

Materials and Methods:

Six pairs of formalin-fixed, lower leg cadaver specimens had shortening with additional internal or external rotation induced by segmental fibular resection and plate fixation. The deformity was measured by CT. Two experienced surgeons performed standardized corrective operations on six specimens each. The postoperative results were measured by CT.

Results:

The mean overall accuracy for correction of malrotation was 1.58 degrees (SD = 0.8 degrees). There were no significant differences between the two surgeons performing the corrections.

Conclusion:

The accuracy of operative correction of malrotation in this cadaver model is in accordance with the requirements reported in clinical studies.

Clinical Relevance:

Considering the error margin for CT analysis, correction within 5 to 10 degrees seems practical.
Fatty Infiltration of the Gastrocsoleus after Tendo-Achilles Lengthening and Gastrocnemius Recession in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Booth Branyan A. , Mistovich Ronald J. , Janout Martin , Stills Harold F. , Laughlin Richard T.
Published: September 2009

Background:

Tendo-Achilles lengthening (TAL) and gastrocnemius recession (GR) are components of the operative treatment for certain foot conditions. We investigated changes in rabbit gastrocsoleus weight, volume, and percent fat resulting from TAL, GR, and immobilization.

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen rabbits were randomized into three groups. Group I = gastrocnemius recession; Group II = (TAL) Z-plasty lengthening; Group III = immobilization only. Treatment limbs were randomized. Six randomly selected contralateral limbs were used for controls. At 12 weeks the gastrocnemius and soleus were weighed (g) and measured (ml) separately. Values were combined and analyzed as a gastrocsoleus complex. The weight, volume, and percentage of fatty infiltration were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:

The following differences were statistically significant. GR volume was less than control ( p < 0.01); TAL weight and volume was less than control ( p < 0.01); GR percent fat was greater than control ( p < 0.05) and TAL percent fat was greater than control ( p < 0.05). GR weight and volume was less than cast only ( p < 0.01); TAL weight and volume was less than cast only ( p < 0.01); TAL percent fat was greater than cast only ( p < 0.01); GR percent fat was greater than cast only ( p < 0.05); GR weight was greater than TAL ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In a rabbit model, the findings suggest the gastrocsoleus undergoes atrophy and fatty infiltration after TAL or GR. Immobilization does not contribute to either process.

Clinical Relevance:

These findings correlate with human functional studies documenting the relationship between TAL or GR and decrease in plantarflexion strength. Further studies are needed to determine if significant variation in functional differences due to TAL versus GR exists.
Assessment of Genetic Relationship Among Landraces of Bangladeshi Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula Roxb.) Using RAPD Markers
Authors: Hoque S. , Rabbani M. G.
Published: September 2009

Information on genetic relatedness among ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) genotypes from Bangladesh is currently not reported. Twenty eight accessions collected from different parts of Bangladesh were studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Four selected decamer primers, out of sixteen screened, could generate a total of 27 RAPD fragments of which 22 were polymorphic (81.5%). The bands ranged from 50 to 1500 bp in size. Genetic variation statistics for all loci estimated the average gene diversity (h) value as 0.278 and the Shannon’s Information Index (I) as 0.415. Dendrogram based on unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) segregated the accessions into five clusters. Cluster III was the largest with 13 members followed by cluster II, V, I and IV with 6, 4, 3 and 2 members, respectively. Accession LA27 and LA29 were found very close to each other with the highest inter-variety similarity index (96.05%) and the lowest genetic distance (0.077); whereas accession LA40 and LA72 were more distant to each other with the lowest inter-variety similarity index (44.43%) and the highest genetic distance (0.73). A DNA extraction method has been standardized. The marker was found to be useful tool for assessing genetic variations in Luffa acutangula. Keywords: Genetic relationship; Germplasm; Ridge gourd; Luffa acutangula; RAPD.  © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.1968               J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 615-623 (2009)
Preliminary Characterization of Melanin Isolated from Fruits and Seeds of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Authors: Kannan P. , Ganjewala D.
Published: September 2009

Melanin from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis fruits and seeds was isolated and purified by alkaline extraction, acid hydrolysis and organic solvents. Each, fruit and seed yielded melanin 50 mg/100g tissue weight. The melanins of fruit and seeds were analyzed by UV-visible and infrared (IR) spectroscopy for characterization. The IR spectrum of fruit and seed melanins did not match with each other and the seed melanin could be distinguished by their sharp peat at 285 nm from the fruit melanin in IR spectrum. Two melanins have shown absorptions above and below 1600 cm-1 in their respective IR spectrum. The melanins thus characterized were tested for their stability after incubating at different temperatures and in presence of oxidants (KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7) and metal ions (Mg++ and Zn++) for a specified period. The stability of the melanin was assessed by measuring changes in the absorbance at 285 nm. The results revealed that the fruit melanin was more stable at 50 ºC while the seed melanin was quite stable at 25 ºC. However, their stability was markedly affected by oxidants and metal ions.  Keywords: Melanin; Nyctanthes arbor-tristis; UV-visible spectroscopy; IR-spectroscopy; Oxidant. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2005               J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 655-661 (2009)
Potentiality of Periphyton-based Aquaculture Technology in Rice-fish Environment
Authors: Saikia S. K. , Das D. N.
Published: September 2009

Periphyton is being used traditionally as rich aquatic feed for fishes throughout the countries like Cambodia, West Africa, Srilanka, India and Bangladesh. In waterlogged rice environment, it can be judiciously utilized as feed source introducing periphytophagous fish. Studies supported rice straw as suitable substrate for periphyton growth. The study of gut content of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from a periphyton-based rice-fish culture system in Apatani Plateau of Arunachal Pradesh, India showed maximum of 60 genera of microflora and fauna with periphytic in nature. The farmers from this rice-fish culture practice are gaining an average fish production of 500kg ha-1 180 day-1 without employing any supplementary feed. Better selection and determination of appropriate stocking density of periphytophagous fish in waterlogged rice-fields might extend the rice-fish culture towards a sustainable and self-substrating periphyton based aquaculture (SSPBA) practice. Keywords: Periphyton; Sustainable agriculture; Rice-fish; Self-substrating; Common carp; Apatani plateau. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2114              J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 624-634 (2009)
QSAR Analysis of Aminoquinoline Analogues as MCH1 Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Patel D. K. , Patel N. M.
Published: September 2009

Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) has been established for 2-aminoquinoline-6-carboxamide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) 1R antagonists. The multiple linear regressions were used to generate the relationship between biological activity and calculated descriptors. From the 100 of models with r2 > 0.700 was developed. Final selected model was prepared using four descriptors (DMXC, KChiV4, Rcom, and IM1L) which are belong to topological, steric, spatial and electrotopological class descriptor. The validation of the model was done by cross validation; randomization and external test set prediction. The binding pattern of most active compound B15 was postulated based on the pharmacophoric features to further exploration of QSAR model Keywords: QSAR; MCH1 receptor; Obesity; Aminoquinline. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2126              J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 594-605  (2009)
Cordial and 3-Equitable Labeling for Some Shell Related Graphs
Authors: Vaidya S. , Dani N. A. , Kanani K. K. , Vihol P. L.
Published: September 2009

We present here cordial and 3-equitable labeling for the graphs obtained by joining apex vertices of two shells to a new vertex. We extend these results for k copies of shells.Keywords: Cordial labeling; 3-equitable labeling; Shell.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2227     J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 438-449 (2009)
Synthesis of Acryclic Acid Ethyl Ester from Aldehydes Catalyzed by Copper Triflates
Authors: Bari M. A. , Hossain M. I. , Miah M. A. J.
Published: September 2009

Periphyton is being used traditionally as rich aquatic feed for fishes throughout the countries like Cambodia, West Africa, Srilanka, India and Bangladesh. In waterlogged rice environment, it can be judiciously utilized as feed source introducing periphytophagous fish. Studies supported rice straw as suitable substrate for periphyton growth. The study of gut content of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from a periphyton-based rice-fish culture system in Apatani Plateau of Arunachal Pradesh, India showed maximum of 60 genera of microflora and fauna with periphytic in nature. The farmers from this rice-fish culture practice are gaining an average fish production of 500kg ha-1 180 day-1 without employing any supplementary feed. Better selection and determination of appropriate stocking density of periphytophagous fish in waterlogged rice-fields might extend the rice-fish culture towards a sustainable and self-substrating periphyton based aquaculture (SSPBA) practice. Keywords: Periphyton; Sustainable agriculture; Rice-fish; Self-substrating; Common carp; Apatani plateau. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2114              J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 624-634 (2009)
Polaronic Effects of a Hydrogenic Donor Impurity in Low Dimensional Semiconductor Systems
Authors: Peter A. J. , Radhakrishnan N.
Published: September 2009

The ground state of a polaron bound to hydrogen like donor impurity is investigated by considering the effect of bulk Longitudinal-Optical (LO) phonon. Donor binding energy of a hydrogenic donor, with the inclusion of electron-phonon interaction is computed for the low-dimensional semiconducting systems like quantum well, quantum well wire and quantum dot taking GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs systems as an example. Calculations are performed using a variational approach within the single band effective mass approximation. The results show that the polaronic effect is more pronounced for the lowest confinement. The polaronic effect enhances the donor binding energy but it diminishes when the well width, wire radius and dot radius become larger. Also the numerical calculations reveal that the influences of phonons on donor are considerable and should not be neglected especially for narrow dimensions in all the three confinements.Keywords: Donor binding energy; Polaronic effect; Quantum dot; Quantum wire; Quantum well.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2529            J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 422- 429 (2009)
A High Resolution Pitch Detection Algorithm Based on AMDF and ACF
Authors: Abdullah-Al-Mamun K. , Sarker F. , Muhammad G.
Published: September 2009

This paper proposes a noise robust high resolution pitch detection algorithm based on AMDF and ACF. The falling trend of AMDF is eliminated by an alignment technique, and AMDF and ACF are combined to take the advantage of their complementary nature. These two functions are combined by multiplication and addition over several band pass filters to enhance important candidates and suppress less important candidates. Then using a sophisticated weight assignment procedure, the candidate with the highest weight is selected as pitch. The proposed method is evaluated on different colored noisy speech at different intensity. Experimental result shows noise robustness of the proposed method in varied environments. Keywords: AMDF; ACM; Pitch; Voice activity detection (VAD). © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2569             J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 508-515 (2009)
Evaluation of Mustard Genotypes Under Late Sowing Condition in the Southern Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin M. S. , Talukdar M. M. R. , Khan M. S. I. , Huq M. I. , Razzaque M. A.
Published: September 2009

The experiment was conducted to find out suitable mustard genotypes under late sowing condition for the southern region of Bangladesh. Ten genotypes of Rai groups were sown at five different dates (December 01, December 08, December 15, December 22 and December 29). The highest yield was obtained from December 01 sowing whereas the lowest yield was recorded from December 29 sowing. Ishurdi local and Pucca Rai produced higher yield of 924 kg/ha and 812 kg/ha, respectively and these two genotypes could be sown late up to December 15 for obtaining profitable yield. Keywords: Late sowing; Mustard genotypes; Sowing time; Screening. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2576              J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 667-672 (2009)
Friction and Wear Characteristics of TIG Processed Surface Modified Grey Cast Iron
Authors: Pandya S. N. , Nath S. K. , Chaudhary G. P.
Published: September 2009

The surface of gray cast iron has been modified by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process. Welding current of magnitude 25, 35, and 45 amperes have been used to melt the surface of gray cast iron. Microstructural characterization, hardness measurement and dry sliding wear tests have been performed on these modified surfaces. It has been observed that increase in welding current caused the microstructure of grey cast iron to be gradually refined. Graphite flakes segregated between interdendritic regions in the as-received grey cast iron have been completely replaced by a uniform distribution of finer graphite flakes in the matrix. Hardness has been found to increase with increase in welding current. Wear resistance of the gray cast iron also increased with increase in the welding current reaching maximum value for 45 amperes. The increased hardness and wear resistance of these modified surfaces have been explained on the basis of microstructural changes occurring at the surfaces of gray cast iron.  Keywords: Gray cast iron; Surface modification; TIG process; Dry sliding wear.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.vli3.2577    J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 516-527 (2009)
On Minimally Nonouterplanarity of the Semi Total (Point) Graph of a Graph
Authors: Kulli V. R. , Niranjan K. M.
Published: September 2009

We present here characterizations of graphs whose semi total (point) graphs are outerplanar and k-minimally nonouterplanar (k = 1, 2 or 3).Keywords: Semi total (Point) graph; Minimally nonouterplanarity; Outerplanar; Block.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2578      J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 551-557 (2009)
Role of Mathematical Modeling in Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Khan Moharram A. , T Shafeeq.
Published: September 2009

Controlled drug delivery occurs when a polymer or lipid (natural or synthetic) is judiciously combined with a drug or other active agent in such a way that the active agent is released from the material in a pre-designed manner. The aim of controlling the drug delivery is to achieve more effective therapies while eliminating potential for both under- and overdosing. Controlled delivery systems includes the maintenance of drug levels within a desired range, the need for fewer administrations, optimal use of the drug in question, and increased patient compliance. Mathematical modeling of controlled drug delivery can help to provide a scientific knowledge base concerning the mass transport mechanisms that are involved in the control of drug release. Mathematically, it is identified for designing a particular pharmaceutical system and it can be used to simulate the effect of the device design parameters (viz., geometry and composition) on the resulting drug release kinetics. The objective of this review outlines the application of mathematical modeling to the controlled drug delivery mechanisms, focusing particular attention on drug transport in human breast cancer, treated with the drug Doxorubicin. Keywords: Controlled drug delivery; Diffusion; Doxorubicin; Mathematical Modeling; Release Kinetics.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2581              J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 539-550 (2009)
Pesticidal Activities of Some Schiff Bases Derived from Benzoin, Salicylaldehyde, Aminophenol and 2,4 Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine
Authors: Ali M. M. , Jesmin M. , Salam S. M. A. , Khanam J. A. , Islam M. F. , Islam M. N.
Published: September 2009

The pesticidal activities of three Schiff bases namely PDH [N- (1 phenyl 2 hydroxy 2 phenyl ethylidine) 2¢4¢ dinitrophenyl hydrazine], PHP [N(1-phenyl 2 hydroxy -2 phenyl ethylidine) 2¢ hydroxy phenyl imine] and HHP [N (2-hydroxy benzylidine) 2¢ hydroxy phenyl imine] derived from benzoin, salicylaldehyde, 2 aminophenol and 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine  were evaluated against Tribolium castaneum. Probit mortality were studied by surface film treatment method at different doses of the compounds. The results showed that the LD50 values as recorded after 24 hours of treatment were 15.1268, 3.0922 and 3.0922 mg /cm2 for PDH, PHP and HHP, respectively as compared with 0.2416 mg/cm2 for a standard pesticide l-cyhalothrin. With Schiff base complexes of cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II), the LD50 values were 1.5206, 14.8576 and 3.2829 mg/cm2   respectively. Better results were obtained when recorded with longer treatment time. These three compounds may, therefore, be considered as potent pesticides. Keywords: Pesticidal activities; Schiff bases; Surface film treatment method. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245(Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2585             J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 641-646 (2009)
Synthesis and Study of Charge-transfer Complexes for 5,6-dimethyl-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole
Authors: Hassan A. F. , Radhy H. A. , Essa A. H.
Published: September 2009

The synthesis of new solid charge-transfer (CT) complexes using 5,6-dimethyl-2,1,3-benzoselnadiazoles as donors with 1,4-naphthaquinone; 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone and 2,3-dichloro-4,5-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) as acceptor are reported. These complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-V, and 1HNMR spectroscopic data. Solid conductivity for 1, 2 and 3 compounds revel that they are not conductors. The calculated HOMO is largely localized on the selnadiazoles fragment, while the calculated LUMO of the studied molecule is seen to be substantially localized along the C–C axis of the conjugated system. Keywords: Charge transfer complexes; Dimethylbenzoselnadiazoles; Naphthaquinone; Dihydroxyanthraquinone; Hydroxynaphthaquinone; Dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ); Semi-empirical (PM3) methods.  © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2590              J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 569-575 (2009)
Design Cum Performance Equation for a Reactor Type Adsorption Unit
Authors: Islam M. A. , Mozumder M. S. I. , Khan M. M. R.
Published: September 2009

The conventional method for designing a fixed bed adsorption unit has been discussed. The method is based on the data obtained from an adsorption column test. The characterization of an adsorption system, however, is performed in a laboratory batch experiment. It is shown that the conventional method does not make proper use of the physico-chemical parameters of an adsorption system determined by batch test. Also the method fails to predict the performance of an adsorption unit, if the operating condition differs from that under which the column test has been conducted for design purposes. New design equation has been proposed for both ‘Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)’ and ‘Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)’ type adsorption units. The equation predicts the performance of a reactor type adsorption unit under varying operating conditions. The proposed method is based only on the data obtained in batch experiment.Keywords: Adsorption; Unit design; Reactor; Optimal Operation, Dosage; Coefficient of utilization.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2592     J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 450-460 (2009)
Nematic van der Waals Free-energy
Authors: Oukouiss A. , Daanoun A.
Published: September 2009

We develop the calculation of free energy in a nematic phase for a model of spherical particles with the long-range anisotropic interaction from the van der Waals theory. We map the gas-liquid equilibrium, which is coupled to a first-order isotropic-nematic transition. We discus how the topology of the phase diagrams changes upon varying the strengths of the isotropic and nematic interactions.Keywords: Phase diagrams; Nematic interactions; Free energy; Transitions.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2595        J. Sci. Res. 1(3), 409-421 (2009)
Magnetohydrodynamics Mixed Convection Around a Heat Conducting Horizontal Circular Cylinder in a Rectangular Lid-driven Cavity with Joule Heating
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Alim M. A. , Chowdhury M. K.
Published: September 2009

In the present paper, a study of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection around a heat conducting horizontal circular cylinder placed at the center of a rectangular cavity along with joule heating has been carried out. Steady state heat transfer by laminar mixed convection has been studied numerically by solving the equations of mass, momentum and energy to determine the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in the cavity as a function of Richardson number, Hartmann number and the cavity aspect ratio. The results are presented in the form of average Nusselt number at the heated surface; average fluid temperature in the cavity and temperature at the cylinder center for the range of Richardson number, Hartmann number and aspect ratio. The streamlines and isotherms are also presented. It is found that the streamlines, isotherms, average Nusselt number, average fluid temperature and dimensionless temperature at the cylinder center strongly depend on the Richardson number, Hartmann number and the cavity aspect ratio.Keywords: Mixed convection; Finite element method; Cylinder diameter; Lid-driven cavity; Hartmann number. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2597               J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 461-472 (2009)
Stabilization of Wind Generator by Using STATCOM/SMES
Authors: Sheikh M. R. I. , Razzak S. M. A.
Published: September 2009

In this work, the STATCOM/SMES system with a voltage-source IGBT converter is modeled as a controllable energy source. The objective of the proposed STATCOM/SMES topology is to provide both active and reactive power, which can significantly decrease the voltage and power fluctuations of grid connected fixed speed wind generators. One major problem in wind generator output power smoothing is setting of the reference output power. Constant output power reference is not a good choice because there can be some cases where wind speed is very low and then sufficient power cannot be obtained. In that case, energy storage device can solve the problem but large energy capacity may be needed. To generate output power reference, a Simple Moving Average (SMA) technique is used which corresponds to the energy storage capacity. Thus the capacity of SMES can be small (50% of wind farm capacity). Real wind speed data is used in the simulation analyses, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Keywords: STATCOM/SMES; Energy storage system (ESS); Simple moving average (SMA); Fixed speed wind generator; Voltage source converter (VSC).© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2605         J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 528-538 (2009)
Effect of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube as Counter Electrode on Laser-deposited Fe2O3 and TiO2 Films Solar Cells
Authors: Ahmmad B. , Kusumoto Y. , Abdulla-Al-Mamun M. , Mihata A. , Yang H.
Published: September 2009

Laser-deposited Fe2O3 films or dye-fixed TiO2 films were prepared for solar cells. For both the cells, a single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) film or a Pt-loaded SWNT film, prepared by simply pasting over ITO glass, was used as a counter electrode. Stable current (I)-voltage (V) curves were found under UV-visible light irradiation using water containing KI and I2 as an electrolyte. A comparison of I-V curves was made for Pt alone and SWNT alone films used as a counter electrode. Almost similar efficiency was found by using both types of counter electrodes. However, enhanced efficiency was obtained for the Pt-loaded SWNT-film counter electrode.Keywords: TiO2; Fe2O3 film; Solar cell; SWNT.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237(Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2631      J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 430-437 (2009)
Reliable IPTV Service Delivery Using PIM-SSM Routing
Authors: Qadir A. , Arefin M. T. , Sandström H. E.
Published: September 2009

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a service where digital TV signal data is delivered by using Internet protocol (IP). Telecom and network operators focus on IPTV service for its fastest growth, lower price for operators and market economy. With the improvement of broadband connection and technology, IPTV will get more and more importance. Main challenge for IPTV service is resiliency and Quality of Service (QoS) to meet the users Service Level Agreement (SLA). The design space for IPTV service in terms of resilient backbone design, routing algorithms and fast failure restoration shall be explored. It is described from DSL FORUM and leading IPTV service-providing companies. In the context of this work, the PIM-SSM was configured and QoS was implemented for tagged VLAN of multicast traffic. IPTV traffic is analysed in ACREO testbed and Norrksen network.Keywords: IPTV; QoS; Multicast; PIM; PIM-SM; PIM-SSM; VLAN.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2633                 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 495-507 (2009)
The Response to the Regent Moray's Assassination
Authors: BLAKEWAY AMY
Published: September 2009

This piece examines the immediate contemporary response to the assassination of James Stewart, earl of Moray and regent of Scotland. Moray's funeral and tomb are considered alongside the series of popular printed responses to his demise, largely written by the prolific King's party propagandist Robert Sempill. It is argued that Sempill developed a sophisticated response to Moray's death which drew on three key themes: Moray's royal lineage; an Old Testament imperative to revenge the slaughtered innocent; and references to conventions of bloodfeud. Moray's blood is shown to be the image which unified and connected these three rhetorical strands into a potent call for political action. Propaganda has been increasingly recognised as an important component of the Scottish Civil War. This article concludes that Sempill's discussion of Moray's assassination and posthumous eulogisation of Moray constituted a powerful and effective aspect of King's party rhetoric, which dominated discussion during the first six months of 1570, the urgency and efficacy of which deserves recognition.
Protestations to Parliament for Remeid of Law
Authors: FORD J. D.
Published: September 2009

The Articles of Union approved by the parliaments of Scotland and England in 1707 provided for the preservation of the private law of Scotland and for the determination of disputes arising north of the border in Scottish courts. At the same time, however, the Articles not only allowed for the amendment of the law by legislation enacted at Westminster but also left open the possibility of appeals being made to the British parliament against decisions delivered in Scottish courts. The Articles did not allow explicitly for appeals, but nor did they prohibit them, and dissatisfied litigants, by exercising the privilege asserted in the Claim of Right to protest for remeid of law against decisions of the lords of council and session, enabled the upper house of the new parliament to substitute its decisions for those delivered by the supreme civil court in Scotland. This much has long been understood by historians of Scots law, as has the significant impact the opinions expressed by English judges in the House of Lords came to have on the development of the modern law. Yet what has never been properly understood is the nature of the protestations for remeid of law from which appeals to the British parliament emerged. Detailed study of these protestations in the years before and immediately following the union reveals that they were conceived of in several different ways and that their nature was never clearly defined. Nevertheless, it also tends to confirm that there is some basis for the common suspicion that appeals were not intended to be made to the House of Lords in the way that they have been.
The Church of Scotland and the Funeral Industry in Nineteenth-century Edinburgh
Authors: SMITH MICHAEL
Published: September 2009

This article deals with the relationship between the Church of Scotland, the private sector and the local state in the provision of funeral arrangements and burial sites in Edinburgh in the nineteenth century. The first section introduces the status of the Kirk as upholder of tradition and provider of charity in relation to the funeral day. Next, state intervention will be considered, initially in the form of the introduction of the 1832 Anatomy Act, which had a direct bearing upon the status of the poor in Edinburgh and the Kirk's attitudes towards them when they died. This development, it will be argued, intensified working class desire for respectability in death, and increased the financial resources devoted to the funeral of the industrial age. Meanwhile, the challenge of the private cemetery companies during the 1840s further embodied the invasion of the market into the ‘ultimate’ rite of passage. Their example is used to illuminate not only the Kirk's inability to accommodate changing demand, but also the extent to which private enterprise was relied upon to solve municipal problems throughout the nineteenth century in Edinburgh. Finally, the article will explain the eventual demise of the Kirk as a source of burial provision in the capital, at the hands of a state that could no longer count upon pre-industrial solutions for disposal.
How Many Lions Are Needed to Clear a Grid?
Authors: Berger Florian , Gilbers Alexander , Grüne Ansgar , Klein Rolf
Published: September 2009

We consider a pursuit-evasion problem where some lions have the task to clear a grid graph whose nodes are initially contaminated. The contamination spreads one step per time unit in each direction not blocked by a lion. A vertex is cleared from its contamination whenever a lion moves to it. Brass et al. [5] showed that n/2 lions are not enough to clear the n x n-grid. In this paper, we consider the same problem in dimension d > 2 and prove that Θ(nd-1/√d) lions are necessary and sufficient to clear the nd-grid. Furthermore, we analyze a problem variant where the lions are also allowed to jump from grid vertices to non-adjacent grid vertices.
Gibbs’ Paradox in the Light of Newton’s Notion of State
Authors: Enders Peter
Published: September 2009

In this letter, it is argued that the correct counting of microstates is obtained from the very beginning when using Newtonian rather than Laplacian state functions, because the former are intrinsically permutation invariant.
Temperature Effect on Water Extractability of Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc from Composted Organic Solid Wastes of South-West Nigeria
Authors: Adekunle Iheoma M.
Published: September 2009

The effect of temperature changes (10 to 80 °C) on water-extractable metal (Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) concentrations of composted wastes of Nigerian origin was investigated in batch extraction experiments. Metal concentrations were measured using a calibrated atomic absorption spectrophometer after acid digestions. Results showed that the water-extractable metal fractions (I) did not exceed 10% of total metal concentrations of the bulk composts, which corresponded to 0.30 to 6.63% for Zn, 0.09 to 7.51% for Pb, 1.83 to 9.29% for Cu and 0.67 to 9.23% for Cd. Water extractable metal fraction showed positive correlations (r = 0.137 to 0.917*; p* < 0.01) for Cu, Cd and Pb in most cases but negative for Zn (–0.067 to –0.445). Simulations revealed that a steady temperature rise from 0.1 to 1.5 °C might increase I by 0.13 to 168% for all the metals, although stability to gradual temperature rise was demonstrated in some instances. The study revealed that the degree of temperature effect on water extractability of heavy metals from the bulk composts was dependent on metal type, compost formulation and waste type.
Rapid Degradation of Phenanthrene by Using Sphingomonas sp. GY2B Immobilized in Calcium Alginate Gel Beads
Authors: Tao Xue-Qin , Lu Gui-Ning , Liu Jie-Ping , Li Ting , Yang Li-Ni
Published: September 2009

The strain Sphingomonas sp. GY2B is a high efficient phenanthrene-degrading strain isolated from crude oil contaminated soils that displays a broad-spectrum degradation ability towards PAHs and related aromatic compounds. This paper reports embedding immobilization of strain GY2B in calcium alginate gel beads and the rapid degradation of phenanthrene by the embedded strains. Results showed that embedded immobilized strains had high degradation percentages both in mineral salts medium (MSM) and 80% artificial seawater (AS) media, and had higher phenanthrene degradation efficiency than the free strains. More than 90% phenanthrene (100 mg·L-1) was degraded within 36 h, and the phenanthrene degradation percentages were >99.8% after 72 h for immobilized strains. 80% AS had significant negative effect on the phenanthrene degradation rate (PDR) of strain GY2B during the linear-decreasing stage of incubation and preadsorption of cells onto rice straw could improve the PDR of embedded strain GY2B. The immobilization of strain GY2B possesses a good potential for application in the treatment of industrial wastewater containing phenanthrene and other related aromatic compounds.
Characterization by SEM, TEM and Quantum-Chemical Simulations of the Spherical Carbon with Nitrogen (SCN) Active Carbon Produced by Thermal Decomposition of Poly(vinylpyridine-divinylbenzene) Copolymer
Authors: Khavryuchenko Volodymyr D. , Khavryuchenko Oleksiy V. , Shkilnyy Andriy I. , Stratiichuk Denys A. , Lisnyak Vladyslav V.
Published: September 2009

Amorphous Spherical Carbon with Nitrogen (SCN) active carbon has been prepared by carbonization of poly(vinylpyridine-divinylbenzene) (PVPDVB) copolymer. The PVPDVB dehydrogenation copolymer has been quantum chemically (QC) simulated using cluster and periodic models. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) studies of the resulting product have conformed the QC computation results. Great structural similarity is found both at the nano- and micro-levels between the N-doped SCN carbon and its pure carbonic SKS analog.
Photocurable Polymers for Ion Selective Field Effect Transistors. 20 Years of Applications
Authors: Abramova Natalia , Bratov Andrei
Published: September 2009

Application of photocurable polymers for encapsulation of ion selective field effect transistors (ISFET) and for membrane formation in chemical sensitive field effect transistors (ChemFET) during the last 20 years is discussed. From a technological point of view these materials are quite interesting because they allow the use of standard photo-lithographic processes, which reduces significantly the time required for sensor encapsulation and membrane deposition and the amount of manual work required for this, all items of importance for sensor mass production. Problems associated with the application of this kind of polymers in sensors are analysed and estimation of future trends in this field of research are presented.
A Capacitive Humidity Sensor Based on Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)
Authors: Chen Wei-Ping , Zhao Zhen-Gang , Liu Xiao-Wei , Zhang Zhong-Xin , Suo Chun-Guang
Published: September 2009

A new type of capacitive humidity sensor is introduced in this paper. The sensor consists of two plate electrodes coated with MWCNT films and four pieces of isolating medium at the four corners of the sensor. According to capillary condensation, the capacitance signal of the sensor is sensitive to relative humidity (RH), which could be transformed to voltage signal by a capacitance to voltage converter circuit. The sensor is tested using different saturated saline solutions at the ambient temperature of 25 °C, which yielded approximately 11% to 97% RH, respectively. The function of the MWCNT films, the effect of electrode distance, the temperature character and the repeatability of the sensor are discussed in this paper.
Regulation of Innate Immune Responses by Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Infected Cell Protein 0 (bICP0)
Authors: Jones Clinton
Published: September 2009

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) is an important transcriptional regulatory protein that stimulates productive infection. In transient transfection assays, bICP0 also inhibits interferon dependent transcription. bICP0 can induce degradation of interferon stimulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a cellular transcription factor that is crucial for activating beta interferon (IFN-β) promoter activity. Recent studies also concluded that interactions between bICP0 and IRF7 inhibit trans-activation of IFN-β promoter activity. The C3HC4 zinc RING (really important new gene) finger located near the amino terminus of bICP0 is important for all known functions of bICP0. A recombinant virus that contains a single amino acid change in a well conserved cysteine residue of the C3HC4 zinc RING finger of bICP0 grows poorly in cultured cells, and does not reactivate from latency in cattle confirming that the C3HC4 zinc RING finger is crucial for viral growth and pathogenesis. A bICP0 deletion mutant does not induce plaques in permissive cells, but induces autophagy in a cell type dependent manner. In summary, the ability of bICP0 to stimulate productive infection, and repress IFN dependent transcription plays a crucial role in the BoHV-1 infection cycle.
Le Sjair de l' "Association chinoise" de Batavia" (1905)
Authors: Lombard-Salmon Claudine
Published: September 2009

II. 1. An introduction on the Tiong Hwa Hwe Kwan or "China Association" whose foundation in Batavia in 1900 betokened the political and cultural awakening of the Hua-Kiao of Indonesia prefaces a transcription and translation by Claudine Salmon-Lombard (CNRS, Paris) of a long poem (sjair), written in 1905, entitled Boekoe sair Tiong Hwa Hwe Kwan koetika boekanja passar derma. Besides being of documentary interest concerning the activities of the Chinese in Java at the beginning of the 20th century, this poem is written in Sino-Malay, little known Malay dialect with many Hokkien terms.
Travestissement et bisexualité chez les "Bissu" du Pays Bugis
Authors: Hamonic Gilbert
Published: September 2009

4) Even though, unlike the Toraja, the Bugis are Muslims, they have conserved a certain number of preislamic traditional institutions. The bissu, which Gilbert Hamonic (Paris V University) describes, are without doubt the most remarkable. They are specialists in princely ritual, in charge of the regalia and other matters. One of their principle characteristics is that the male bissu wear femme clothing. The author attempts to define the meaning of this transvesting and to clarify the connection that may exist between the bissu and genuine transvetites (calabai) who, in Southern Celebes, moreover enjoy a completely open public status.
L'île de Batam à l'ombre de Singapour : investissement singapourien et dépendance de Batam
Authors: Nur Yoslan
Published: September 2009

Yoslan Nur

The development of Batam - an Indonesian island covering an area of 415 km2, located at 20 km Southeast of Singapore - started in the early 1970's. The aim was to compete with Singapore as the economic capital of the Southeast Asian region. But at the end of the 1980's, Batam's economic development was integrated with Singapore's in the economic cooperation of the Growth Triangle of Singapore, Johor et Riau (known as "Sijori"). The goal of this cooperation is to promote regional economic development through transborder cooperation.

The integration of Batam in the Growth Triangle of Sijori is a very efficient means to promote the island's development through : the increase of private investment, the creation of jobs in industry, tourism and services sectors. The island has also experienced a rapid increase in : gross regional product (GRP), the value of exports, the number of tourists and migrants. Singapore became the first foreign investor in Batam. This situation has made Batam dependent on Singapore for : sources of capital, supply of assembly parts for the manufacturing industry, export of industrial products and marketing of Batam tourist industry.
Hydrography, Technology, Coercion : Mapping the Sea in Southeast Asian Imperialism, 1850-1900
Authors: Tagliacozzo Eric
Published: September 2009

Eric Tagliacozzo

Cet article examine les fils entremêlés de l'hydrologie, de l'innovation technologique et de la coercition impérialiste en Asie du Sud-Est maritime, à la fin de la période coloniale. L'auteur analyse la façon dont les puissances coloniales de la région agirent sur l'espace maritime local de trois points de vue. Premièrement, l'infiltration de bateaux, autochtones et autres, dans la sphère mouvante des espaces maritimes anglais et hollandais, perpétuant des systèmes de commerce et de navigation non réglementés et désormais considérés avec beaucoup de méfiance par les régimes régionaux. Deuxièmement, les efforts des puissances coloniales pour explorer et cartographier ces domaines maritimes, utilisant l'hydrographie pour mieux appréhender les dimensions de leurs empires naissants. Enfin, l'exploitation de ces progrès de la connaissance sur le plan du gouvernement et de la coercition, alors que la Singapour britannique et la Batavia néerlandaise divisaient les mers sud-est asiatiques en royaumes respectifs, que chacune tentait, encore imparfaitement, de contrôler.
Un Grec en Éthiopie à la fin du XIXème siècle : le balambäras Giyorgis
Authors: Wion Anaïs
Published: September 2009

Summary : Two iconographie and autobiographical sources throw some light upon the life of a Greek man who lived in Ethiopia from 1870 to 1910. He was a soldier, an engineer, a translator, a merchant, even a physician.