bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Klustering Jumlah Penumpang pada Halte Bus Rapid Transit Kota Tangerang
Authors: Dianawati Erni , Yanti Putri Previa , Suryandari Yulia
Published: February 2020

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Trans Tangerang is a local public transportation system developed in the main corridor of the Tangerang City area as well as a feeder for Transjabodetabek and rail transport. BRT Trans Tangerang is one part of the Bus Rapid Transit program which is implemented and launched by Department of Transportation. The BRT Trans Tangerang system began operating at the beginning of December 2016. Some problems faced by Trans Tangerang Bus Rapid Transit such as the number of passengers that need to be increased to reduce congestion in the city of Tangerang and the placement of the right bus stops to attract passengers. Therefore, to overcome this problem, data and information about BRT Trans Tangerang are needed to find patterns of passenger distribution. The process of finding this information can be done by using data mining method. Within this method, there is a clustering technique which is useful to clustering all data in groups which have similar data. The algorithm used to classify the data is called simple k-means algorithm. In this study, all the data will be clustered into five cluster.  The clustering results have almost the same nature between the data in one cluster, namely the total number of passengers per month, so that by performing clustering characteristics, knowledge of the busy schedule of passengers in one day can help related parties to anticipate the density of passengers on certain days.
Pengaruh Perhatian Orang Tua Terhadap Prestasi Belajar
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Maruwae Abdulrahim
Published: February 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatahui pengaruh perhatian orang tua terhadap Prestasi Belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran ekonomi di kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Bontomatene Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Bontomatene Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. Penarikan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Ada dua jenis variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu variabel bebas (independen) dan variabel terikat (dependen). Adapun variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah perhatian orang tua sedangkan variabel terikat yaitu prestasi belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran. Teknik analisi data yang digunakan adalah uji analisis regresi sederhana Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perhatian orang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Prestasi Belajar .

Kata Kunci:, Perhatian Orang Tua, Prestasi Belajar
Book Review: Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army’s Way of War
Authors: Khan Faryal
Published: February 2020

Book Review: Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army’s Way of War

(Oxford University Press, 2014)

NUST Journal of International Peace & Stability 2017, Vol. I (1)

Author : Faryal Khan
Essay: Protection of Civilians (POC) During War
Authors: Afzal Sikander , Rashid Imran
Published: February 2020

It was widely anticipated that the end of Cold War will herald the general state of positive peace and that the world will yield the benefits of ‘peace dividends’. However, such manifestations were not witnessed. In evidence, between 1989 and 2000, more than 4 million people died in violent conflicts around the world. To this end, Gupta and colleagues (2002) noted that international terrorist attacks increased from a yearly count of 342 (during 1995-1999), to 387 per year (during 2000-2001). Underdeveloped and developing countries bore the major brunt of the violence. Conflicts that were ideological and had their roots in power management were largely resolved through the diplomatic statecraft or through use of military force. However, the conflicts that were unconventional in nature grew and gave rise to more complex and multidimensional intrastate conflicts. The new dimension in these conflicts can be identified through common features that generally include the use and spread of violence on the civilians, causing great loss of life and serious breaches in the International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The history of IHL can be traced to the work of Henry Dunant and Guillaume-Henri Dufour in 1860s (ICRC, 2017). This law has a deep rooted connection with the discourse of the Protection of Civilians (PoC). The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is playing a key role in its implementation along with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The term ‘protection’ encompasses the fragments of International Refugee Convention (IRC) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL). The institutional implementation of this ‘protection’ by the UNHCR and ICRC is clear in their mandate regarding operational strategies. They have developed themselves as the ‘lawfully oriented and diplomatic channels of influential engagement with state and non-state actors.

This essay will focus on the importance of PoC by the armed forces in connection with the aforementioned international institutions. It also highlights the role of civil society and different sections of the civilians and how they are affected during the war. This will be followed with the recommendations and conclusion.
Addressing Gender Imbalance in United Nations’ Peacekeeping
Authors: Agha Azam
Published: February 2020

The Department of Peacekeeping Operation (DPKO) is the backbone of United Nations‟ Peacekeeping operations worldwide. The history of United Nations Peacekeeping operations can be traced back to1948 when the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East (ME). Since then its presence has been recognized and appreciated by all those affected by armed conflict and/or to humanitarian crises. Men in uniform have been at the forefront of its face in difficult and violent situations regardless of the areas being remote or urban in nature. As with many „traditional‟ aspects of Peacekeeping operations (such as force application), the continuously changing environment has also influenced the „face‟ itself to be changed, albeit at a slower pace. For instance, the need for incorporating women into this so far purely „men in uniform‟ domain is being considered in all facets of its operations. Women with their natural affinity to Peace- making, and their ability to access gender restrictive societies is continuously being recognized as a necessary resource for UN operations.
Book Review: Pakistan’s Nuclear Bomb: A Story of Defiance, Deterrence and Deviance by Hassan Abbas
Authors: Riaz Toor Minahil
Published: February 2020

Dr. Hassan Abbas is a Pakistani-American academic whose interest area lies in South and Central Asia. He is presently a Professor and Chair of the Department of Regional and Analytical Studies at National Defense University, Washington, DC. Similar to his previous books, Hassan Abbas has taken up yet another topic that revolves around the statehood of Pakistan.
Exploring 'South-South' Technology Transfer Perspective for Regional Development and Stability: The Case of China Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Jafri Masooma
Published: February 2020

Historically, there was a traditional North-South paradigm of technology transfer under which the developed part of the world had the capability and authority of technology transfer to the relatively less developed and developing states. However, this was challenged by China which rose as an economic power and reversed the technology transfer paradigm (South-North technology cooperation). Chinese innovative policies have made it a world power and the source of technology transfer to the developing part of the world thus forming the South-South technology transfer network. China has earned the status of world lender and project financier through its One Belt One Road project and through CPEC Pakistan has become the recipient of more than $46 billion of Chinese FDI. This provides Pakistan with ample of opportunities of technology transfer and boosting its economy. However, only the implementation of balanced economic and technological policies can lead to fruitful results for the donor as well as recipient state.
Use of I in Essays by Japanese EFL Learners
Authors: Natsukari Sayo
Published: February 2020

A problematic issue in Japanese EFL learners’ academic writing is the overuse of the personal pronoun I. The use of personal pronouns is particularly important in academic writing because it determines the writer’s perspective and attitude toward the readership. This study investigates the extent to which Japanese EFL learners’ use of the first-person singular I in essays is different from the norms of native speakers. By using subcorpora in the International Corpus of Learner English and the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays, the study compares the use of I in argumentative essays. The results indicate that Japanese EFL learners use I in a similar way to American students, but they overuse I in essays: Almost all essays by Japanese learners contain I and the number of I is excessive. The analysis also uncovers an excessive use of the phrase I think in their essays.

日本人英語学習者のアカデミックライティングにおける問題点のひとつとして主語のIの多用がある。本稿は、約20万語から成るICLE書き言葉コーパスを利用し、議論形式のアカデミックエッセーにおいて、日本人英語学習者の主語Iをどのように使用しているのか調査し、これをアメリカとイギリスの大学生が書いたアカデミックエッセーから構成されたLOCNESS書き言葉コーパスのデータと比較した。結果、日本人学生の人称代名詞のIの使用方法はアメリカ人学生のそれに類似していたが、全体的な過剰使用が確認された。特に、ほぼすべての学生がIを使用し、その量も過剰であった。I thinkというフレーズも母語話者の書き言葉に比べて過剰であった。本稿は、この過剰使用の問題点を議論する。
Research Forum: The Role of Think-Aloud and Metacognitive Strategies in L2 Meaning-Inference During Reading
Authors: Hamada Megumi , Park Chaehee
Published: February 2020

Lexical inference is an important word learning method, yet it is still unknown what kind of instruction will improve inference accuracy. In this study we investigated whether think-aloud can enhance metacognitive strategies while inferring the meaning of unknown words encountered during reading and lead to higher inference accuracy. Two groups of college-level Korean L1 ESL students inferred the meanings of pseudowords in a short passage in a pretest-posttest design. The think-aloud group (n = 19) performed the task verbalizing their thoughts, while the control group (n = 20) performed it silently. The results indicated a significant gain in inference accuracy for the think-aloud group. Based on further analyses of the think-aloud protocol, the study addresses the importance of the quality of think-aloud in L2 performance.

字句推論は重要な語彙学習方法であるが、推論の正確さを向上する方法はまだ分かっていない。本研究は、読書中に出てくる未習の語彙の意味を推測する際に、声に出して考えるという方法が、メタ認知を促進することによって、高い正確率をもたらすかどうかという調査を行った。事前・事後テストのデザインで、２グループの韓国語を母語とするＥＳＬ学習者が、短い文章に含まれている偽単語の意味を推測した。声に出して考えるグループ（ｎ＝１９）はそのタスクの間考えを声に出しながら、一方コントロールグループ（ｎ＝２０）はタスクを無言で行った。結果は声に出して考えるグループの推測正確度が大幅に向上したことを示した。プロトコロの更なる分析をふまえて、本研究は声に出して考える内容の質が重要であることを述べる。
Modeling Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency of Japanese Learners of English: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Koizumi Rie , In'nami Yo
Published: February 2020

With this study, we aimed to obtain a better understanding of the factor structure of the complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) of English speaking proficiency. For this purpose, 224 Japanese junior and senior high school students with an English level of elementary to lower intermediate took an English speaking test. We transcribed what they said, computed measures to assess CAF, and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine whether the model in which the CAF factors are related fit the data. We found that syntactic complexity (SC), accuracy, speed fluency, and repair fluency represent distinct factors and that there are weak, moderate, or strong correlations among these factors. This generally suggests that those who speak fluently by using more words per minute tend to repair their speech more, but they also produce more accurate utterances with more clauses. We suggest pedagogical implications of considering CAF separately in teaching and assessment and benefits of using SEM for analyzing CAF.

本研究では、スピーキング熟達度における複雑さ、正確さ、流暢さ (complexity, accuracy, and fluency: CAF) の因子構造を調べる。中学生・高校生（初級から中級下レベル）の日本人学習者224名に、スピーキングテストを受けてもらった。発話をCAFの指標で数値化し、CAF因子が関連しあうモデルを共分散構造分析を用いて分析した。その結果、統語的複雑さ、正確さ、スピードに関する流暢さ、修正に関する流暢さの4因子の相関モデルがデータに適合し、4因子は関連しあいながらも別個に捉えられることが分かった。因子間の関連は弱いものから強いものがあったが、全体的には、1分間あたりにより多くの語を使って話す学習者は、修正をより多く行うが、より正確な発話と、より多くの節を産出する傾向が見られた。指導や評価の際にCAFを別々に考慮することの重要性や、共分散構造分析でCAFを分析する利点が示された。
Effects of Double Testing on Course Grades in an Undergraduate Nursing Course
Authors: Wink Diane M.
Published: February 2020

Testing can measure students’ knowledge levels, identify learning deficits, and correct knowledge errors. This article describes an analysis of a Double Testing approach to evaluating student knowledge. Under this approach, each student takes course examinations twice, first individually and then with a group of classmates. Students’ final test grades are the average of their individual and group examination scores. Using the Double Testing approach, students’ test scores and final course grades increased.
Gender-Based Barriers for Male Students in Nursing Education Programs: Prevalence and Perceived Importance
Authors: O’Lynn Chad Ellis
Published: February 2020

To meet the recent call to increase the number of nurses by recruiting men, nursing education programs will need to reduce gender-based barriers. No study found has adequately quantified the prevalence and perceived importance of barriers to men in nursing education programs. These barriers create an academic environment that is unfriendly to men. As such, I defined a new construct, “male friendliness,” as a function of the presence and importance of these barriers.

The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence and perceived importance of barriers and to develop a tool to measure male friendliness in nursing programs. A pilot tool addressing 33 barriers, which were obtained from the literature, my experience, and a panel of nurse educators, was mailed to 200 male nurses. The findings revealed that seven barriers were importantly different in prevalence between different subsamples of male nurses, and no barrier was rated unimportant by more than 20% of respondents. The similarities in findings between groups of male nurses, diverse in geography, school attendance, and graduation dates, suggest that the barriers men face in nursing school are pervasive, consistent, and have changed little over time. From the findings, the Inventory of Male Friendliness in Nursing Programs (IMFNP) was developed.
Does Mindfulness Decrease Stress and Foster Empathy Among Nursing Students?
Authors: Beddoe Amy E. , Murphy Susan O.
Published: February 2020

This pilot study of baccalaureate nursing students explored the effects of an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course on stress and empathy. The course was intended to provide students with tools to cope with personal and professional stress and to foster empathy through intrapersonal knowing. A convenience sample of 16 students participated in the course, used guided meditation audiotapes at home, and completed journal assignments. Stress and empathy were measured using paired sample
t
tests.

Participation in the intervention significantly reduced students’ anxiety (
p
> .05). Favorable trends were observed in a number of stress dimensions including attitude, time pressure, and total stress. Two dimensions of empathy—personal distress and fantasy—also demonstrated favorable downward trends. Regular home meditation was correlated with additional benefit. Participants reported using meditation in daily life and experiencing greater well-being and improved coping skills as a result of the program. Findings suggest that being mindful may also decrease tendencies to take on others’ negative emotions. Coping with stress and fostering the affective domain are important facets of nursing education that may be facilitated by mindfulness training.
Using Professional Specialty Competencies to Guide Course Development
Authors: Foss Gwendolyn F. , Janken Janice K. , Langford David R. , Patton Margaret M.
Published: February 2020

This article describes how an RN-to-BSN community health nursing (CHN) course was reconceptualized from a traditional model to a competency-based model. The traditional course assigned students to CHN preceptors and required a set number of clinical contact hours. As clinical preceptor placement opportunities diminished, students and faculty became increasingly dissatisfied with the course structure and requirements. Faculty endorsed the use of professional competencies to measure course learning outcomes and selected competencies identified by the Association of Community Health Nursing Educators. These competencies were clustered into units, with learning activities and grading criteria based on the critical knowledge, values, and clinical skills needed to demonstrate mastery of specific competencies. Course faculty, rather than agency preceptors, assessed student learning outcomes and mastery of competencies. The students demonstrated mastery of competencies and liked the degree of self-directed learning that built on their professional status as RNs.
Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Nursing Curricula: A New Direction for Nurse Educators
Authors: Sok Sohyune R. , Erlen Judith A. , Kim Kwuy Bun
Published: February 2020

The scope of nursing practice is expanding to include the use of complementary and alternative therapies (CAT). This expansion is occurring because of changes in professional and societal attitudes toward the use of such therapies. In this article, we discuss the use of CAT and the development of medical and nursing educational programs related to these therapies in Eastern and Western societies. In addition, we identify future directions for incorporating content on such therapies into nursing education programs in the United States. We suggest that undergraduate nursing programs need to introduce the philosophy of Oriental medicine and content on some of the common therapies and that graduate nursing programs that include content on the use of CAT in nursing practice can possibly be developed.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Writing-to-Learn Attitude Survey
Authors: Schmidt Lee A.
Published: February 2020

The Writing-To-Learn Attitude Survey (WTLAS) was developed to measure the effects of using writing-to-learn activities in the classroom, but adequate psychometric data have not been reported for the measure. Using the pretest scores from 149 basic and RN-to-BSN nursing students enrolled in a Nursing Management and Leadership course, the reliability and validity of the WTLAS were evaluated. The initial 30-item measure demonstrated acceptable reliability, but the item inter-correlations suggested revision of the subscales was appropriate. After exploratory factor analyses, the WTLAS was revised to 21 items and consists of two factors: Apprehensions about Writing Abilities and Perceived Benefits of Writing-To-Learn Activities. Both subscales possess acceptable internal consistency reliability and conceptually sound, significant correlations with a separate measure of writing apprehension. The revised WTLAS appears to have adequate psychometric properties for further use in the evaluation of students' perceptions of writing-to-learn activities.
Grade Inflation: Should We Be Concerned?
Authors: Scanlan Judith M. , Care W. Dean
Published: February 2020

Grade inflation is defined as an increase in grade point average without an associated increase in overall student ability. The literature supports the idea that grade inflation is rampant throughout higher education. Shoemaker and DeVos described the scope of the problem in higher education in general and note the lack of existing empirical information in nursing education. Given the perceived problem in faculties of nursing, the widespread nature of the issue of grade inflation across universities and colleges, and the lack of empirical data, understanding the nature of grade inflation is important. This article will discuss a study designed to investigate the extent to which grade inflation is an issue within a western Canadian faculty of nursing. Recommendations related to grade inflation are discussed.
Evaluating the Writing-to-Learn Strategy with Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Schmidt Lee A.
Published: February 2020

The writing-to-learn (WTL) instructional strategy has not received sufficient empirical investigation. Using a pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental, non-equivalent, control group design, the WTL strategy was evaluated with 87 undergraduate basic and RN-to-BSN nursing students enrolled in a Nursing Leadership and Management course. Students participating in the course perceived significant benefits of the WTL approach. A significant decrease in writing apprehension was found in the experimental group on two separate measures of writing apprehension. These findings are congruent with the theoretical WTL literature and anecdotal reports of the benefits of using the WTL strategy.
Looking Through the Right End of the Telescope: Creating a Focused Vision for a School of Nursing
Authors: Milone-Nuzzo Paula , Lancaster Jeanette
Published: February 2020

The challenges facing nursing higher education necessitate that academic administrators have a focused vision for their schools of nursing. Nursing, like other areas of higher education, embraced the concept of strategic planning to set priorities, use resources wisely, and take advantage of available opportunities that were consistent with the strategic direction. While there has been a shift toward a less-structured approach to planning, nursing deans need tools to assess the environment, make rational decisions, set priorities, plan for change, and develop strategies to meet the short-term and long-term goals of the unit. Given the challenges facing nursing education and higher education, the need for a planning approach is critical. The case study in this article describes a flexible and creative approach to the planning process that helped the University of Virginia School of Nursing set priorities and achieve its goals.
An Education-Service Partnership: Helping RNs Obtain Baccalaureate Degrees in Nursing at Their Practice Sites
Authors: Eckhardt Jo Anne , Froehlich Heather
Published: February 2020

A partnership between nursing education and practice provides an opportunity for RNs to obtain baccalaureate degrees in their practice settings. The result is a flexible educational option that lowers cost and increases accessibility for students. The college and hospitals cooperate to meet nurses' desire to advance both educationally and professionally. Returning RNs attend liberal arts and nursing classes onsite at hospitals where all courses are taught by college faculty. Many RNs are at a crossroads and need additional education to further their career opportunities and stay abreast within a rapidly changing health care environment. To meet their needs, coursework involves active, cooperative learning processes in a climate where personal esteem is promoted and communication and collaboration are fostered. This approach can expand understanding among all parties so the future can bring new models to meet the needs of returning RNs in baccalaureate nursing programs.
A Guide to Feeding Term and Preterm Newborns
Authors: Kolnik Sarah E. , Billimoria Zeenia C.
Published: February 2020

The management of feeding term and preterm newborns encompasses knowing the physiologic mechanics of nutritive feeding and requirements for good somatic and neurodevelopmental growth. Feeding in newborns can be fraught with challenges that each individual infant-family unit presents. Management is multifactorial and requires fluidity as the infant progresses. Pediatricians are tasked with one of the most important responsibilities in the newborn period—partnering with families to ensure optimal feeding regimen and infant growth. This article's aim is to outline general recommendations on evidence-based feeding practices in term and preterm infants with a goal to help guide pediatricians create an optimal individualized feeding regimen and address some known hurdles.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(2):e71–e76.]
Technological Developments
Authors: Ozturk Hande Mutlu
Published: February 2020

Technological developments in recent years have been affecting the lives of people and societies more rapidly than in the past. Developments in the field of communication, robotics, transportation, etc. are called the 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 in the industrial sector. Technological developments have created great changes in the services and industrial sectors. Industry 4.0 has also led to changes in the transformation of the tourism sector and is likely to occur in future processes. This chapter examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on the tourism sector.
Methods and Practices for Assessing the User Experience of Interactive Systems for Cultural Heritage
Authors: Nikolakopoulou Vasiliki , Koutsabasis Panayiotis
Published: February 2020

Over the last few years, an increasing number of cultural sites, including museums, archaeological places, and historic cities, have adopted a wide range of interactive technologies to enhance the visitor (user) experience. This chapter presents a review of interactive systems for cultural heritage, selected from a total of 83 publications in 2012-2019, from the perspective of the methods employed for their empirical evaluation (i.e., the degree to which the system satisfies user goals and expectations). The review reports on several characteristics of interactive systems of CH including purpose, technology, content, and location of the interaction, and then emphasizes methods of empirical evaluation. The chapter provides discussion comparing to the results of the previous report, and outlook on particular challenges of interaction design and evaluation for CH.
Virtual Dark Tourism
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel , Bintang Handayani
Published: February 2020

Death is a great unifier, not only for one who is in grief but also those who have similar shared values (i.e., tourist demand for visiting death sites). In this sense, visitation to the death sites denotes its importance to people's lives. However, as types of death sites are distinctively different from one to another, death sites as tourist attraction remains a segmented target market. This chapter looks at some viewpoints for making death sites not only for a segmented target market, which leads to discourse of virtual dark tourism (VDT) formation. With sound branding coupled with augmented reality (AR) as tools to support the claims of virtual dark tourism, death sites, which are considered exclusive touristic market offerings, presumably could be consumed by more target markets. Several issues and direction for future research are discussed.
Ten Challenges for Digital Humanities and the Way Forward
Authors: Markantonatou Stella , Donig Simon , Pavlidis George , Gees Thomas , Koumpis Adamantios
Published: February 2020

In a previous article, the authors came up with a list of what they considered 10 challenges that would define the area of digital humanities at large and their evolution in the next years. However, in the almost two years that have passed since the publication of that paper, they are now able to see the need for relating the challenges for digital humanities with what one may characterize as socially relevant topics by means of outlining 10 challenges where the digital humanities can make a social impact. This chapter does that.
2019-nCoV: Polite with Children!
Authors: Caselli Désirée , Aricò Maurizio
Published: February 2020

A novel epidemic is challenging the global health care system. Starting from probably November to December 2019, another Coronavirus entered the arena of human pathogens, to be then defined 2019-nCoV.[...]
An Energy Efficient Scheme using Mobility Prediction for Localization of Wireless Sensor Nodes
Authors: Chouhan D. N. , Dubey T. K.
Published: February 2020

Location estimation of sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks is very essentials because without information of location the information is meaningless. Most of the range-free algorithms have low localization accuracy, low cost, and applications limited to indoor uses only. This paper proposes a Mobility Prediction localization algorithm using the Link expiration time estimation method, this concept brings continuous link among the anchors and the mobile sensor nodes. This gives more accurate position estimation (3.2% of R) and employs fewer samples (average 20.58 per slot) for the task, hence results in less energy consumption than a Sequential Monte Carlo localization scheme. Both the algorithms are studied, analyzed and compared with speed of the mobile nodes in terms of localization error (6.38% to 6.55% better on different anchor density) communication cost (51.72% high), the number of samples taken per slot (average 58.8% less) and residual energy profile.
Ouverture de ‘Special Issue on Fashion and Luxury Management’
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. , Arrigo Elisa
Published: February 2020

In 2014, the luxury fashion market closed with a value of 224 billion euros marking a growth at constant exchange rates of 3 percent and driven primarily by the online channel, and the outlet one. This Special Issue on ‘Fashion and Luxury Management’ aims to highlight some features of the High-End Italian Companies pertaining to the fashion and luxury industry of Made in Italy, and their key drivers of growth such as innovation, craftsmanship, creativity, and sustainability.
Creativity and Innovation in Ecological Fashion
Authors: Braccialini Lorenzo
Published: February 2020

Braccialini is one of the major Italian companies in the leather accessory field, symbol of the Italian entrepreneurship combined with know-how and imagination. In many countries, Braccialini brand stands for its authentic meaning of Made in Italy. However, Braccialini is also among the most modern companies deeply committed to the themes of environmental protection and sustainable development. In this paper, Braccialini Company will be presented by describing, in particular, its commitment toward a sustainable development.
Craftsmanship and Made in Italy in the Fashion Market
Authors: Rossetti Luca
Published: February 2020

Fratelli Rossetti is synonymous with style, both in Italy and abroad: an enduring milestone of timeless craftsmanship. Over the years, the firm has grown but has always preserved its flare for craftsmanship. Each shoe embodies a meticulous production process, entirely executed in the workshops in Parabiago by the Company Master Craftsmen. Tradition and quality have always gone hand-in-hand with insatiable curiosity and a commitment to innovation and have led Fratelli Rossetti to be competitive in the Italian and global market through a network of boutiques spread all over the world and located in the best spots.
Companies and Consumers Together for a More Ethical Market
Authors: Pastore Paolo
Published: February 2020

The market of fairtrade products is increasingly present in major large-scale retailers. The fairtrade mark signals that producers and traders have met the fairtrade standards designed to address the imbalance of power in trading relationships, unstable markets and the injustices of conventional trade.
Global Tourism Management. Mass, Experience and Sensations Tourism
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M.
Published: February 2020

The globalisation of tourism is the result of a more general trend of growing economic globalisation and technological advancements in communications and transportation. Over the years, travel and tourism have transformed into the world’s largest economic sector, with enormous ramifications. Globalisation has determined new landscapes of tourism growth with the emergence of a new tourist profile. This new panorama imposes tourism management with a global approach and corporations structured on networks where management faces two specific supply and demand drivers. Global demand drivers require developing different segments of global mass tourism while the offer drivers relate to corporate transfer pricing and sustainability policies, often-opposing forces, but always correlated with short- and long-term profit.
Using ground radar overlaps to verify the retrieval of calibration bias estimates from spaceborne platforms
Authors: Crisologo Irene , Heistermann Maik
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Many institutions struggle to tap into the potential of their large archives of radar reflectivity: these data are often affected by miscalibration, yet the bias is typically unknown and temporally volatile. Still, relative calibration techniques can be used to correct the measurements a posteriori. For that purpose, the usage of spaceborne reflectivity observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) platforms has become increasingly popular: the calibration bias of a ground radar (GR) is estimated from its average reflectivity difference to the spaceborne radar (SR). Recently, Crisologo et al. (2018) introduced a formal procedure to enhance the reliability of such estimates: each match between SR and GR observations is assigned a quality index, and the calibration bias is inferred as a quality-weighted average of the differences between SR and GR. The relevance of quality was exemplified for the Subic S-band radar in the Philippines, which is greatly affected by partial beam blockage. The present study extends the concept of quality-weighted averaging by accounting for path-integrated attenuation (PIA) in addition to beam blockage. This extension becomes vital for radars that operate at the C or X band. Correspondingly, the study setup includes a C-band radar that substantially overlaps with the S-band radar. Based on the extended quality-weighting approach, we retrieve, for each of the two ground radars, a time series of calibration bias estimates from suitable SR overpasses. As a result of applying these estimates to correct the ground radar observations, the consistency between the ground radars in the region of overlap increased substantially. Furthermore, we investigated if the bias estimates can be interpolated in time, so that ground radar observations can be corrected even in the absence of prompt SR overpasses. We found that a moving average approach was most suitable for that purpose, although limited by the absence of explicit records of radar maintenance operations.
Seasonal dynamics of the COS and CO2 exchange of a managed temperate grassland
Authors: Spielmann Felix M. , Hammerle Albin , Kitz Florian , Gerdel Katharina , Wohlfahrt Georg
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Gross primary productivity (GPP), the CO2 uptake by means of photosynthesis, cannot be measured directly on ecosystem scale, but has to be inferred from proxies or models. One newly emerged proxy is the trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS). COS diffuses into plant leaves in a fashion very similar to CO2, but is generally not emitted by plants. Laboratory studies on leaf level gas exchange have shown promising correlations between the leaf relative uptake (LRU) of COS to CO2 under controlled conditions. However, in situ measurements including daily to seasonal environmental changes are required, to test the applicability of COS as a tracer for GPP at larger temporal scales. To this end, we conducted concurrent ecosystem scale CO2 and COS flux measurements above an agriculturally managed temperate mountain grassland. We also determined the magnitude and variability of the soil COS exchange, which can affect the LRU on ecosystem level. The cutting and removal of the grass at the site had a major influence on the soil as well as the total exchange of COS. The grassland acted as a major sink for CO2 and COS during periods of high leaf area. The sink strength decreased after the cuts and the grassland turned into a net source for CO2 and COS on ecosystem level. The soil acted as a small sink for COS when the canopy was undisturbed, but also turned into a source after the cuts, which we linked to higher incident radiation hitting the soil surface. However, the soil contribution was not large enough to explain the COS emission on ecosystem level, hinting to an unknown COS source possibly related to dead plant matter degradation. Over the course of the season, we observed a concurrent decrease of CO2 and COS uptake on ecosystem level. With the exception of the short periods after the cuts, the LRU under high light conditions was rather stable and indicates a high correlation between the COS flux and GPP across the growing season.
Breyite inclusions in diamond: experimental evidence for possible dual origin
Authors: Woodland Alan B. , Girnis Andrei V. , Bulatov Vadim K. , Brey Gerhard P. , Höfer Heidi E.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Inclusions of breyite (previously known as
walstromite-structured CaSiO3) in diamond are usually interpreted as
retrogressed CaSiO3 perovskite trapped in the transition zone or the
lower mantle. However, the thermodynamic stability field of breyite does not
preclude its crystallization together with diamond under upper-mantle
conditions (6–10 GPa). The possibility of breyite forming in subducted
sedimentary material through the reaction CaCO3 + SiO2 =
CaSiO3 + C + O2 was experimentally evaluated in the
CaO–SiO2–C–O2 ± H2O system at 6–10 GPa,
900–1500 ∘C and oxygen fugacity 0.5–1.0 log units below the
Fe–FeO (IW) buffer. One experimental series was conducted in the anhydrous
subsystem and aimed at determining the melting temperature of the
aragonite–coesite (or stishovite) assemblage. It was found that melting
occurs at a lower temperature (∼1500 ∘C) than the
decarbonation reaction, which indicates that breyite cannot be formed from
aragonite and silica under anhydrous conditions and an oxygen fugacity above
IW – 1. In the second experimental series, we investigated partial melting
of an aragonite–coesite mixture under hydrous conditions at the same
pressures and redox conditions. The melting temperature in the presence of
water decreased strongly (to 900–1200 ∘C), and the melt had a
hydrous silicate composition. The reduction of melt resulted in graphite
crystallization in equilibrium with titanite-structured CaSi2O5
and breyite at ∼1000 ∘C. The maximum pressure of
possible breyite formation is limited by the reaction CaSiO3 +
SiO2 = CaSi2O5 at ∼8 GPa. Based on the
experimental results, it is concluded that breyite inclusions found in
natural diamond may be formed from an aragonite–coesite assemblage or
carbonate melt at 6–8 GPa via reduction at high water activity.
FORests and HYdrology under Climate Change in Switzerland v1.0: a spatially distributed model combining hydrology and forest dynamics
Authors: Speich Matthias J. R. , Zappa Massimiliano , Scherstjanoi Marc , Lischke Heike
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We present FORHYCS (FORests and HYdrology under Climate Change in Switzerland), a distributed ecohydrological model to assess the impact of climate change on water resources and forest dynamics. FORHYCS is based on the coupling of the hydrological model PREVAH and the forest landscape model TreeMig. In a coupled simulation, both original models are executed simultaneously and exchange information through shared variables. The simulated canopy structure is summarized by the leaf area index (LAI), which affects local water balance calculations. On the other hand, an annual drought index is obtained from daily simulated potential and actual transpiration. This drought index affects tree growth and mortality, as well as a species-specific tree height limitation. The effective rooting depth is simulated as a function of climate, soil, and simulated above-ground vegetation structure. Other interface variables include stomatal resistance and leaf phenology. Case study simulations with the model were performed in the Navizence catchment in the Swiss Central Alps, with a sharp elevational gradient and climatic conditions ranging from dry inner-alpine to high alpine. In a first experiment, the model was run for 500 years with different configurations. The results were compared against observations of vegetation properties from national forest inventories, remotely sensed LAI, and high-resolution canopy height maps from stereo aerial images. Two new metrics are proposed for a quantitative comparison of observed and simulated canopy structure. In a second experiment, the model was run for 130 years under climate change scenarios using both idealized temperature and precipitation change and meteorological forcing from downscaled GCM-RCM model chains. The first experiment showed that model configuration greatly influences simulated vegetation structure. In particular, simulations where height limitation was dependent on environmental stress showed a much better fit to canopy height observations. Spatial patterns of simulated LAI were more realistic than for uncoupled simulations of the forest landscape model, although some model deficiencies are still evident. Under idealized climate change scenarios, the effect of the coupling varied regionally, with the greatest effects on simulated streamflow (up to 60 mm yr−1 difference with respect to a simulation with static vegetation parameters) seen at the valley bottom and in regions currently above the treeline. This case study shows the importance of coupling hydrology and vegetation dynamics to simulate the impact of climate change on ecosystems. Nevertheless, it also highlights some challenges of ecohydrological modeling, such as the need to realistically simulate the plant response to increased CO2 concentrations and process uncertainty regarding future land cover changes.
Collection/Aggregation in a Lagrangian cloud microphysical model: Insights from column model applications using LCM1D (v0.9)
Authors: Unterstrasser Simon , Hoffmann Fabian , Lerch Marion
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Lagrangian cloud models (LCMs) are considered the future of cloud microphysical modeling. However, LCMs are computationally expensive due to the typically high number of simulation particles (SIPs) necessary to represent microphysical processes such as collection/aggregation successfully. In this study, the representation of collection/aggregation is explored in one-dimensional column simulations, allowing for the explicit consideration of sedimentation, complementing the authors' previous study on zero-dimensional collection in a single grid box. Two variants of the Lagrangian probabilistic all-or-nothing (AON) collection algorithm are tested that mainly differ in the assumed spaatial distribution of the droplet ensemble: The first variant assumes the droplet ensemble to be well-mixed in a predefined three-dimensional grid box (WM3D), while the second variant considers explicitly the vertical coordinate of the SIPs, reducing the well-mixed assumption to a two-dimensional, horizontal plane (WM2D). Since the number of calculations in AON depends quadratically on the number of SIPs, an approach is tested that reduces the number of calculations to a linear dependence (so-called linear sampling). All variants are compared to established Eulerian bin model solutions. Generally, all methods approach the same solutions, and agree well if the methods are applied with sufficiently high accuracy (foremost the number of SIPs, timestep, vertical grid spacing). However, it is found that the rate of convergence depends on the applied model variant. The dependence on the vertical grid spacing can be reduced if AON WM2D is applied. The study also shows that the AON simulations with linear sampling, a common speed-up measure, converges slower, as smaller timesteps are required to reach convergence compared to simulations with a quadratic dependence on the number of SIPs. Most importantly, the study highlights that results generally require a smaller number of SIPs per grid box for convergence than previous box simulations indicated. The reason is the ability of sedimenting SIPs to interact with an effectively larger ensemble of particles when they are not restricted to a single grid box. Since sedimentation is considered in most commonly applied three-dimensional models, the results indicate smaller computational requirements for successful simulations than previously assumed, encouraging a wider use of LCMs in the future.
RESEARCH ON NORMATIVE EXPRESSIONS OF GEOMATICS ELEMENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF QUALITY INSPECTION
Authors: Luo F. J. , Zhang P. C. , Ma X. , Bai J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. At present, social and economic development has entered a new era. The establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources has strengthened the functions of the natural resources department to provide the government and the public with standard, accurate, authoritative and reliable geomatics data recognized by various sectors, and has also put forward higher requirements for the quality of geomatics data.The definition of some elements in the geomatics standards is ambiguous or even contradictory, which interferes with the work level of production personnel, affects the ability of quality inspectors to determine quality problems accurately and efficiently, reduces the consistency of geographic information data, and limits the promotion and use of the products.The fundamental way to solve this problem is to unify the understanding of products, quality inspection and application, to comprehensively consider different scales, different terrain types and different types of results, and to define geomatics elements precisely, clearly and uniformly so that practitioners in different links can reach a consensus and have no ambiguity in the understanding of the elements. This work is not only conducive to reducing friction among products, quality inspection and application, but also the basis for realizing the co-construction and sharing of geographic information data among various sectors.
Melt in Antarctica derived from Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations at L band
Authors: Leduc-Leballeur Marion , Picard Ghislain , Macelloni Giovanni , Mialon Arnaud , Kerr Yann H.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Melt occurrence in Antarctica is derived from L-band observations from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite between the austral summer 2010–2011 and 2017–2018. The detection algorithm is adapted from a threshold method previously developed for 19 GHz passive microwave measurements from the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) and special sensor microwave imager sounder (SSMIS). The comparison of daily melt occurrence retrieved from 1.4 and 19 GHz observations shows an overall close agreement, but a lag of few days is usually observed by SMOS at the beginning of the melt season. To understand the difference, a theoretical analysis is performed using a microwave emission radiative transfer model. It shows that the sensitivity of 1.4 GHz signal to liquid water is significantly weaker than at 19 GHz if the water is only present in the uppermost tens of centimetres of the snowpack. Conversely, 1.4 GHz measurements are sensitive to water when spread over at least 1 m and when present in depths up to hundreds of metres. This is explained by the large penetration depth in dry snow and by the long wavelength (21 cm). We conclude that SMOS and higher-frequency radiometers provide interesting complementary information on melt occurrence and on the location of the water in the snowpack.