bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On The Multiscale Structure and Morphology of PVDF‐HFP@MOF Membranes in The Scope of Water Remediation Applications
Authors: Valverde Ainara , de Fernandez‐de Luis Roberto , Salazar Hugo , Gonçalves Bruna F. , King Stephen , Almásy László , Kriechbaum Manfred , Laza José M. , Vilas‐Vilela José L. , Martins Pedro M. , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Porro José M. , Petrenko Viktor I.
Published: July 2023

Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) is a highly versatile polymer used for water remediation due to its chemical robustness and processability. By incorporating metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) into PVDF‐HFP membranes, the material can gain metal‐adsorption properties. It is well known that the effectiveness of these composites removing heavy metals depends on the MOF's chemical encoding and the extent of encapsulation within the polymer. In this study, it is examined how the micro to nanoscale structure of PVDF‐HFP@MOF membranes influences their adsorption performance for CrVI. To this end, the micro‐ and nanostructure of PVDF‐HFP@MOF membranes are thoroughly studied by a set of complementary techniques. In particular, small‐angle X‐ray and neutron scattering allow to precisely describe the nanostructure of the polymer‐MOF complex systems, while scanning microscopy and mercury porosimetry give a clear insight into the macro and mesoporosity of the system. By correlating nanoscale structural features with the adsorption capacity of the MOF nanoparticles, different degrees of full encapsulation‐based on the PVDF‐HFP processing and structuration from the macro to nanometer scale are observed. Additionally, the in situ functionalization of MOF nanoparticles with cysteine is investigated to enhance their adsorption toward HgII. This functionalization enhanced the adsorption capacity of the MOFs from 8 to 30 mg·g−1.
Supersymmetry Laser Arrays with High‐Order Exceptional Point
Authors: Liu Guodong , Duan Yiqun , Chen Yan , Cheng Xue , Jia Shangtong , Gao Yunan , Xiao Lixin , Yang Hong , Wang Shufeng , Gong Qihuang
Published: July 2023

Supersymmetry (SUSY) laser array with superpartner structure can suppress excess modes to achieve high‐intensity and high‐coherent radiation. Compared with complex superpartner, using parity time (PT) symmetry broken to manipulate SUSY laser arrays is a more flexible approach. Herein, based on ultrathin perovskite single crystal, a SUSY laser array is constructed without superpartner, but with auxiliary gain–loss structure. PT symmetry broken with high‐order exceptional point (EP) is realized in the visible spectral range. It intrinsically avoids superpartner field mismatch and improves side mode suppression ratio 8.8–12 dB for single‐mode lasing. Furthermore, variations in EP‐order enable the transition from single‐mode to dual‐mode or tri‐mode radiation and retain amplified radiation characteristics. In addition, these SUSY laser arrays with the high‐order EP have the potential to be small‐volume optical sensor devices. The new design combining SUSY and PT symmetry broken presents its potential in micro‐nanophotonic devices with the benefit of small size, flexibility in spectral control, expandability, simplicity, and multifunctionality feature.
Polymer Cross‐Linking on Highly Continuous Carbon for High‐power Supercapacitor
Authors: Tong Qijun , Wang Qing , Li Haijian , Li Jie , Yang Weiqing
Published: July 2023

Supercapacitor with high power density (≈5 KW kg−1) is applied as power type energy storage device for high power load equipment. However, special super‐high‐power equipment cries for super‐high‐power supercapacitor (>20 KW kg−1), which is mainly ascribed to the high conductivity for electron‐transferring and the excellent structural stability for ion‐transporting of electrode materials. Herein, a continuous skeleton carbon (CSC) is built by introducing the gel network‐structured Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) into the naturally rich biomass apocynum precursor. Benefiting from the high conductivity (5.79 × 103 S m−1) of CSC continuous skeleton, along with its high specific surface area (1461 m2 g−1) and hierarchically pore distribution, this skeleton‐structured CSC‐based symmetric supercapacitor can provide super‐high power density of 50 KW kg−1 at an energy density of 3.76 Wh kg−1 and keep ultra‐long life of 99.33%‐remaining after 10000 cycles in an aqueous electrolyte or provide higher energy density of 36 Wh kg−1 at an power density of 1.35 KW kg−1 in organic electrolyte. Evidently, this work may provide a continuous construction strategy of skeleton carbon at the complex multidimensional scale toward super‐high‐power supercapacitor and a hopeful solution to solve the extreme environment performance of special super‐high‐power equipment.
Lysine 2‐Hydroxyisobutyrylation‐ and Succinylation‐Based Pathways Act Inside Chloroplasts to Modulate Plant Photosynthesis and Immunity
Authors: Chen Bin , Wang Zhicheng , Jiao Mengjia , Zhang Jin , Liu Jie , Zhang Dongmei , Li Yanbin , Wang Guoning , Ke Huifeng , Cui Qiuxia , Yang Jun , Sun Zhengwen , Gu Qishen , Wang Xingyi , Wu Jinhua , Wu Liqiang , Zhang Guiyin , Wang Xingfen , Ma Zhiying , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2023

Crops must efficiently allocate their limited energy resources to survival, growth and reproduction, including balancing growth and defense. Thus, investigating the underlying molecular mechanism of crop under stress is crucial for breeding. Chloroplasts immunity is an important facet involving in plant resistance and growth, however, whether and how crop immunity modulated by chloroplast is influenced by epigenetic regulation remains unclear. Here, the cotton lysine 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) and succinylation (Ksuc) modifications are firstly identified and characterized, and discover that the chloroplast proteins are hit most. Both modifications are strongly associated with plant resistance to Verticillium dahliae, reflected by Khib specifically modulating PR and salicylic acid (SA) signal pathway and the identified GhHDA15 and GhSRT1 negatively regulating Verticillium wilt (VW) resistance via removing Khib and Ksuc. Further investigation uncovers that photosystem repair protein GhPSB27 situates in the core hub of both Khib‐ and Ksuc‐modified proteins network. The acylated GhPSB27 regulated by GhHDA15 and GhSRT1 can raise the D1 protein content, further enhancing plant biomass‐ and seed‐yield and disease resistance via increasing photosynthesis and by‐products of chloroplast‐derived reactive oxygen species (cROS). Therefore, this study reveals a mechanism balancing high disease resistance and high yield through epigenetic regulation of chloroplast protein, providing a novel strategy to crop improvements.
Impact of MRD on clinical outcomes of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with Ph+ALL: A retrospective nationwide study
Authors: Hirabayashi Shigeki , Kondo Tadakazu , Nishiwaki Satoshi , Mizuta Shuichi , Doki Noriko , Fukuda Takahiro , Uchida Naoyuki , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Kanda Yoshinobu , Imanaka Ryota , Takahashi Satoshi , Ishikawa Jun , Yano Shingo , Nakamae Hirohisa , Eto Tetsuya , Kimura Takafumi , Tanaka Junji , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Kako Shinichi
Published: July 2023

Measurable residual disease (MRD) status before transplantation has been shown to be a strong prognostic factor in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). However, the outcomes of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation based on the MRD status have not been fully investigated. In this retrospective study, we compared the outcomes of 715 consecutive adults with Ph+ ALL in complete remission who underwent unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) (single‐unit UCBT, n = 232 [4/6, 5/6, and 6/6 HLA match]), HLA‐matched unrelated bone marrow transplantation (UBMT; n = 292 [8/8 HLA match]), or HLA‐mismatched UBMT (n = 191 [7/8 HLA match]). In the MRD+ cohort, adjusted 3‐year leukemia‐free survival rates were 59.8%, 38.3%, and 55.5% after UCBT, HLA‐matched UBMT, and HLA‐mismatched UBMT, respectively. In the MRD− cohort, the corresponding rates were 65.3%, 70.4%, and 69.7%, respectively. The MRD+ HLA‐matched UBMT group had a significantly higher risk of relapse than the MRD+ HLA‐mismatched UBMT group (hazard ratio [HR] in the MRD+ HLA‐mismatched UBMT group, 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15–0.74) and the MRD+ UCBT group (HR in the MRD+ UCBT group, 0.38; 95% CI 0.18–0.83). Furthermore, HLA‐matched UBMT had a significant effect of MRD on death (HR 1.87; 95% CI 1.19–2.94), relapse or death (HR 2.24; 95% CI 1.50–3.34), and relapse (HR 3.12; 95% CI 1.75–5.57), while UCBT and HLA‐mismatched UBMT did not. In conclusion, our data indicate Ph+ ALL patients with positive MRD may benefit from undergoing UCBT or HLA‐mismatched UBMT instead of HLA‐matched UBMT to reduce leukemic relapse.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the Longitudinal Early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease Study
Authors: Dage Jeffrey L. , Eloyan Ani , Thangarajah Maryanne , Hammers Dustin B. , Fagan Anne M. , Gray Julia D. , Schindler Suzanne E. , Snoddy Casey , Nudelman Kelly N. H. , Faber Kelley M. , Foroud Tatiana , Aisen Paul , Griffin Percy , Grinberg Lea T. , Iaccarino Leonardo , Kirby Kala , Kramer Joel , Koeppe Robert , Kukull Walter A. , La Joie Renaud , Mundada Nidhi S , Murray Melissa E. , Rumbaugh Malia , Soleimani‐Meigooni David N. , Toga Arthur W. , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Vemuri Prashanthi , Atri Alireza , Beckett Laurel A. , Day Gregory S. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Duara Ranjan , Honig Lawrence S. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph C. , Mendez Mario F. , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Rogalski Emily , Salloway Stephen , Sha Sharon J. , Turner Raymond S. , Wingo Thomas S. , Wolk David A. , Womack Kyle B. , Carrillo Maria C. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Apostolova Liana G. ,   LEADS Consortium
Published: July 2023

Introduction

One goal of the Longitudinal Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) is to define the fluid biomarker characteristics of early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).

Methods

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Aβ1‐40, Aβ1‐42, total tau (tTau), pTau181, VILIP‐1, SNAP‐25, neurogranin (Ng), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and YKL‐40 were measured by immunoassay in 165 LEADS participants. The associations of biomarker concentrations with diagnostic group and standard cognitive tests were evaluated.

Results

Biomarkers were correlated with one another. Levels of CSF Aβ42/40, pTau181, tTau, SNAP‐25, and Ng in EOAD differed significantly from cognitively normal and early‐onset non‐AD dementia; NfL, YKL‐40, and VILIP‐1 did not. Across groups, all biomarkers except SNAP‐25 were correlated with cognition. Within the EOAD group, Aβ42/40, NfL, Ng, and SNAP‐25 were correlated with at least one cognitive measure.

Discussion

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of CSF biomarkers in sporadic EOAD that can inform EOAD clinical trial design.
Study of antifouling and decolorization effect in polyethersulfone membranes improved with dendrimer‐modified metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Khosravi Mohammad Javad , Hosseini Sayed Mohsen , Vatanpour Vahid , Heydari Shadi
Published: July 2023

The Mil‐125(Ti) metal–organic framework nanoparticles were modified with different compounds i.e. polyamidoamine dendrimer (Mil‐Den), chitosan (Mil‐CS) and Mil‐CS‐Den to prepare functional and hydrophilic nanocomposites. These nanocomposites were characterized and applied for modification of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane by blending them in the dope solutions. The mixed matrix PES membranes were manufactured by the nonsolvent‐induced phase inversion method. The introduction of the nanocomposites into the membrane structure led to positive alterations such as the improvement of hydrophilicity and morphology causing the development of permeability and antifouling properties. The bare PES membrane contact angle was decreased from 60° to 34.5° by adding 0.5 wt% of Mil‐CS‐Den nanocomposite. Applications of novel structures with special absorption in 0.5 wt% of Mil‐CS‐Den membrane, caused an increment of porosity, mean pore size and reduction of surface roughness. The permeability was enhanced from 4.2 to 21.43 L/m2 h bar, while fouling was reduced from 48.5% to 13.5% which indicates the strengthening of the antifouling feature of the hydrophobic PES membrane. Also, the flux recovery ratio was enhanced from 66.7% to 89.3% by blending 0.5 wt% of Mil‐CS‐Den. The modified membranes showed an excellent dye separation performance. The attachment of dendrimer and chitosan to the Mil‐125(Ti) surface increased the efficiency of Mil‐125(Ti) in the modification of the PES membrane. The utilization of nanomaterial features can reduce the limitation of membrane processes and reach desirable outcomes. The results of this work indicate the high potential of the modified MOF for the removal of dye contaminants as well as provide a suitable perspective for water purification with the help of membrane processes.
Antistatic and antimicrobial packaging ofPLA/PHBVblend‐based graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites
Authors: Oyama Isabela Monteiro Cesar , dos Anjos Erick Gabriel Ribeiro , de Melo Morgado Guilherme Ferreira , Martins Eduardo Ferreira , Passador Fabio Roberto
Published: July 2023

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were used as a filler for the preparation of antistatic and antimicrobial packaging based on biodegradable blends of poly(acid lactic)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PLA/PHBV) for the electronic components industry. These packages must have low electrical resistivity and mechanical resistance. The use of biodegradable polymers helps to reduce waste and the addition of GNP can also contribute to antimicrobial activity. In this work, the effect of the addition of GNP on the thermal, mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic properties, and antimicrobial activity of the PLA/PHVB blend was evaluated. PLA/PHBV (80/20) blends with the addition of 1, 3, and 5 wt% of GNP were prepared by melt mixing using extrusion and injection‐mold processes. The samples were characterized by mechanical tests (tensile test, and Shore D hardness), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), impedance spectroscopy, electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE), antimicrobial activity, and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy. In general, the addition of GNP contributes to the increase in elastic modulus and Shore D hardness. The percolation threshold was obtained with the addition of 3 or 5 wt% of GNP in the PLA/PHBV blend with a reduction of 3 orders of magnitude in the electrical resistivity, which can be applied to antistatic packaging. All the nanocomposites exhibited antimicrobial activity, and the addition of 5 wt% GNP inhibited 86% of the growth ofEscherichia coli. The PLA/PHBV blend‐based GNP nanocomposite with the addition of 5 wt% of GNP presents the best balance of mechanical properties, with low electrical resistivity, greater total shielding effectiveness of EMI SE, and antimicrobial activity.
The burden of disease for children born alive with Turner syndrome—A European cohort study
Authors: Andersen Ann‐Louise Rud , Urhoj Stine Kjaer , Tan Joachim , Cavero‐Carbonell Clara , Gatt Miriam , Gissler Mika , Klungsoyr Kari , Khoshnood Babak , Morris Joan , Neville Amanda J. , Pierini Anna , Scanlon Ieuan , de Walle Hermien E. K. , Wellesley Diana , Garne Ester , Loane Maria
Published: July 2023

Background

Turner syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that may affect mortality and morbidity in childhood.

Methods

This population‐based data‐linkage cohort study, as part of the EUROlinkCAT project, investigated mortality and morbidity for the first 5 years of life for liveborn European children diagnosed with Turner syndrome. Thirteen population‐based registries in 10 countries from the European surveillance of congenital anomalies (EUROCAT) network participated. Data on children born 1995–2014 and diagnosed with Turner syndrome were linked to mortality, hospital and prescription records. Children with any congenital anomaly and children without a congenital anomaly were included for comparison on morbidity.

Results

Out of a population of 5.8 million livebirths 404 were diagnosed with Turner syndrome prenatally or in infancy and 95.5% survived to their fifth birthday. During the first year of life 72.3% (95% CI 59.5;81.6) of children with Turner syndrome were hospitalized, the median length of stay was 5.6 days (95% CI 3.5;7.7) and 18.7% (95% CI 13.9;23.9) underwent surgery. After the first year of life hospitalizations and length of stay decreased but more children underwent surgery (30.8% [95% CI 17.6;44.7]). In the first 5 years the percentage of children with Turner syndrome having a prescription for antibiotics was 12%–20% per year and increased with the age of child.

Conclusions

In the first year of life, the burden of disease was relatively high for children with Turner syndrome. The outlook is more positive beyond the first year, though overall morbidity still exceeded that of children without congenital anomalies.
A voxel‐based morphometry study on gray matter correlates of need for cognition and exploratory information seeking
Authors: Tolomeo Serenella , Lau Shermine , Ragunath Bindiya L. , Setoh Peipei , Esposito Gianluca
Published: July 2023

Background

Need for cognition (NFC) represents interindividual differences in tendencies to engage and enjoy cognitive endeavors. Exploratory information seeking (EIS) refers to individual tendencies to attain cognitive stimulation through acquiring information related to consumer products or services out of curiosity.

Methods

The current study aims to provide an in‐depth investigation of the relationship between NFC and EIS and extend this relation to determine neuroanatomical correlates of NFC and EIS. This study proposed two central hypotheses: (1) NFC and EIS scores are positively correlated and (2) the gray matter volume (GMV) of brain regions implicated in motivation, valuation, and reward systems are positively associated with both NFC and EIS. Self‐report and structural MRI data of 91 Singaporean Chinese participants were utilized for the study.

Results

No statistically significant correlation was revealed between NFC and EIS scores. Neuroanatomical associations of the GMV of brain regions implicated in visuospatial, attentional, and reward processing with individual constructs of interest were explored. When examining NFC and EIS scores, larger GMV in the right pallidum and left fusiform gyrus was found in participants that reported higher levels of NFC (vs. lower NFC levels), larger GMV in the left precuneus in those with greater tendencies to engage in EIS (vs. lower EIS levels), and larger GMV of the left fusiform gyrus associated with greater endorsement of both NFC and EIS. When investigating the exploratory factor analysis–generated factors of NFC and EIS, similar patterns of associations were found between self‐reported levels of agreement against factors and GMV of brain regions implicated.

Conclusions

Correlational analysis and exploratory factor analysis indicated the absence of a relationship between NFC and EIS. Additionally, voxel‐based morphometry whole‐brain analysis revealed neuroanatomical correlates of the GMV of brain regions implicated in visuospatial, attentional, and reward processing with NFC and EIS.
Concise Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pargamicin A and its Diastereomer, Piperazic Acid‐containing Cyclopeptides
Authors: Yoshida Masahito , Inaba Tetsuya , Shibuya Yuko , Igarashi Masayuki , Kigoshi Hideo
Published: July 2023

We have accomplished the total synthesis, structure determination, and biological evaluation of pargamicin A and one of its diastereomers. Two key tripeptide segments were synthesized using a linear peptide elongation process that includes the direct coupling of a poorly nucleophilic piperazic acid derivative. The resulting tripeptides were coupled using triphosgene/collidine at ambient temperature leading to a precursor for the final cyclization step. T3P‐promoted macrolactamization under high‐dilution conditions, followed by the removal of the benzyl protecting group was used to furnish two putative structures of pargamicin A. Comparison of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra and the antibacterial activity of the natural and synthetic products successfully revealed that the absolute configuration of the N‐hydroxy‐Ile residue of pargamicin A is 2S,3S. A biological evaluation of synthetically obtained pargamicin A and its diastereomer suggested that the stereostructure of the cyclic peptide scaffold of the natural product plays a crucial role in determining the strength of its antibacterial activity.
A High‐Potential Bipolar Phenothiazine Derivative Cathode for Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Qiu Shigui , He Dunyong , Guo Jiandong , Zhao Mengfan , Zheng Chenxi , Wang Xuemei , Wang Caixing
Published: July 2023

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are gaining popularity as advanced energy storage devices that are economical, safe, and use resource‐abundant storage options. In this study, we have synthesized a bipolar phenothiazine organic scaffold known as 3,7‐bis(melaminyl)phenothiazin‐5‐ium iodide (PTDM), which is obtained by undergoing nucleophilic substitution through phenothiazinium tetraiodide hydrate (PTD) and melamine. Electrochemical results indicate that PTDM can act as a high‐potential cathode material for rechargeable AZIBs. In detail, the aqueous PTDM//Zn full cell exhibits a high average voltage of approximate 1.13 V, along with a specific capacity of 118.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Furthermore, this demonstrated cell displays moderate long‐term cycling stability over 6400 cycles, which is encouraging and suggests potential for developing advanced organic electrode materials for rechargeable AZIBs.
Outstanding Compatibility of Hard‐Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Maresca Giovanna , Petrongari Angelica , Brutti Sergio , Battista Appetecchi Giovanni
Published: July 2023

Hard carbons (HC) from natural biowaste have been investigated as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries in electrolytes based on 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([EMI][FSI]) and N‐trimethyl‐N‐butylammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([N1114][FSI]) ionic liquids. The Na+ intercalation process has been analyzed by cyclic voltammetry tests, performed at different scan rates for hundreds of cycles, in combination with impedance spectroscopy measurements to decouple bulk and interfacial resistances of the cells. The Na+ diffusion coefficient in the HC host has been also evaluated via the Randles‐Sevcik equation. Battery performance of HC anodes in the ionic liquid electrolytes has been evaluated in galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at room temperature. The evolution of the SEI (solid electrochemical interface) layer grown on the HC surface has been carried out by Raman spectroscopy. Overall the sodiation process of the HC host is highly reversible and reproducible. In particular, a capacity retention exceeding 98 % of the initial value has been recorded in[N1114][FSI] electrolytes after more than 1500 cycles with a coulombic efficiency above 99 %, largely beyond standard carbonate‐based electrolytes. Raman, transport properties and impedance confirms that ILs disclose the formation of SEI layers with superior ability to support the reversible Na+ intercalation with the possible minor contributions from the EMI+cation.
CRISPRa system activates myokines FGF21 and FNDC5: Promoting fat browning and improving diet‐induced obesity in mice
Authors: Jiang Rui , Zhang Zhi , Jin Wanzhu
Published: July 2023

Obesity causes metabolic disorders and is one of the important risk factors for diabetes. Myokines are widely involved in lipid metabolism through autocrine, paracrine and endocrine actions. FGF21 and Irisin, as representative myokines, can promote the browning of adipocytes and are potential targets for the treatment of obesity. This commentary discusses the research by Zhu et al. published in Clinical and Translational Medicine. In this study, the expression of FGF21 and FNDC5 is simultaneously activated by the CRISPRa system in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, the cell culture supernatant of C2C12 cells activated by the CRISPRa system significantly promoted the differentiation and browning of 3T3‐L1 cells; in vivo, injecting of AAV9‐dCas9‐VP64 virus could significantly reduce the body weight and fat mass of DIO mice due to an increase in browning of adipocytes.
A case of T‐cell‐Epstein–Barr virus‐haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and sustained remission following ruxolitinib therapy
Authors: Ali Syed , Choo Sharon , Hosking Laine , Smith Anthony , Hughes Tiffany
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a common cause of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). While B cells are reservoirs for EBV, infection within T cells and NK cells in this disease can be difficult to treat.

Methods

A 19‐year‐old female presented with a 6‐week history of coryzal symptoms on a background of Crohn's disease. On examination, she was febrile and tachycardic with mild tonsillar enlargement and splenomegaly. New trilineage cytopenias and elevation in liver enzymes were detected, with acute EBV subsequently confirmed on whole blood PCR. A diagnosis of EBV‐associated HLH was supported further with elevated serum ferritin, triglycerides and soluble CD25, low fibrinogen and the presence of haemophagocytosis in the bone marrow.

Results

Corticosteroids, IVIG and rituximab were given, and anakinra was subsequently added due to ongoing fevers. EBV infection was then demonstrated within CD8+ T cells on EBER Flow‐FISH assay. Ruxolitinib was commenced and her fevers abated on day 5, with improvement in other HLH parameters. She was discharged after a 39‐day hospital admission. To date, she has remained in remission of HLH, despite developing COVID‐19 infection during the convalescence phase of HLH.

Conclusion

EBV viraemia requires adequate treatment to control EBV‐associated HLH as rituximab may be insufficient, and corticosteroid resistance can result in continued EBV infection in CD8+ T cells. This entity is known as T‐cell‐EBV‐HLH. Ruxolitinib is a novel treatment strategy in this specific context and has several advantages, including inhibition of corticosteroid resistance to promote apoptosis of EBV‐infected T cells.
Coursing the mottled mosaic: Generalist predators track pulses in availability of neonatal ungulates
Authors: Huggler Katey S. , Hayes Matthew M. , Burke Patrick W. , Zornes Mark , Thompson Daniel J. , Lionberger Patrick , Valdez Miguel , Monteith Kevin L.
Published: July 2023

The density and distribution of resources shape animal movement and behavior and have direct implications for population dynamics. Resource availability often is “pulsed” in space and time, and individuals should cue in on resource pulses when the energetic gain of doing so exceeds that of stable resources. Birth pulses of prey represent a profitable but ephemeral resource and should thereby result in shifting functional responses by predators. We evaluated movements and resource selection of coyotes (Canis latrans) across a gradient of reproductive stages ranging from late gestation to peak lactation of female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in southwest Wyoming, USA, to test whether coyotes exhibited shifts in selection and movement behavior relative to the availability and vulnerability of neonatal mule deer. We expected coyotes to track pulses in availability of neonatal mule deer, and such behavior would be represented by shifts in resource selection and search behavior of coyotes that would be strongest during peak parturition of mule deer. Coyotes selected areas of high relative probability of use by female mule deer and did so most strongly during peak parturition. Furthermore, searching behavior of coyotes intensified during pulses of availability of deer neonates. Our findings support the notion that coyotes exploit pulses of neonatal deer, presumably as an attempt to capitalize on a vulnerable, energy‐rich resource. Our work quantifies the behavioral mechanisms by which coyotes consume ungulate neonates and provides one of the first examples of a mammalian predator–prey system centered on a pulsed resource.
Setting ‘green’ boundaries for Chinese green finance: Multi‐level governance and regulatory stringency
Authors: Cheng Wenting , Zhang Kai
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on setting ‘green’ boundaries for green finance in China—the scope of eligible ‘green’ projects to be supported by Chinese green finance. China started building its green finance system in 2015, and 23 provinces issued guidelines on green finance between 2016 and 2020. Applying multi‐level governance as our analytical framework, this study collects data from a broad range of publicly available sources, including 64 policies issued by Chinese state ministries, provinces or pilot zones, transcripts of relevant press conferences, and streamed speeches given by relevant stakeholders in online workshops. We explain who governs the ‘green’ boundary of Chinese green finance, how it is governed, and the implication for regulatory stringency. We identify three levels of regulators involved in setting green boundaries—central ministries through the horizontal allocation of overlapping mandates, provinces through vague references and priority lists, and green finance pilot zones through vertical knowledge co‐production. We argue that continuous multi‐level negotiation and coordination dynamics determine the ‘green’ boundary in Chinese green finance, which further influences regulatory stringency. While several provinces and a pilot zone did temporarily prioritise industries with local competitive advantages (as exemplified by clean coal) as eligible to be supported by green bonds, the central government disapproved of such practices by its strong coordinating authority. The regulatory stringency was also safeguarded by the influence of transnational networks and China's decarbonisation objectives.
Acute Toxicity of Copper to Three Species of Pacific Salmon Fry in Water with Low Hardness and Low Dissolved Organic Carbon
Authors: Porter Drew E. , Morris Jeffrey M. , Trifari Michelle P. , Wooller Matthew J. , Westley Peter A. H. , Gorman Kristen B. , Barst Benjamin D.
Published: July 2023

Proposed development of a mine within Alaska's Bristol Bay watershed (USA) has raised concerns about the potential impact of copper (Cu) on Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). We conducted 96-h flow-through bioassays using low-hardness and low dissolved organic carbon water to determine the acute lethal toxicity of Cu to sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry. We aimed to determine Cu toxicity under field-relevant water quality conditions and to assess three methods of calculating ambient Cu criteria: the biotic ligand model (BLM), a multiple linear regression model endorsed by the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the hardness-based model currently used by the State of Alaska. The criteria generated by all models were below 20% lethal Cu concentrations by factors ranging from 2.2 to 54.3, indicating that all criteria would be protective against mortality. The multiple linear regression-based criteria were the most conservative and were comparable to BLM-based criteria. The median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for sockeye, Chinook, and coho were 35.2, 23.9, and 6.3 µg Cu/L, respectively. We also used the BLM to predict LC50s for each species. Model predictions differed from empirical LC50s by factors of 0.7 for sockeye and Chinook salmon, and 1.1 for coho salmon. These differences fell within the acceptable range of ±2, indicating the model's accuracy. We calculated critical lethal Cu accumulation values for each species to account for differing water chemistry in each bioassay; the present study revealed that coho salmon were most sensitive to Cu, followed by sockeye and Chinook salmon. Our findings underscore the importance of considering site- and species-specific factors when modeling Cu toxicity. The empirical data we present may enhance Cu risk assessments for Pacific salmon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2440–2452. © 2023 SETAC
Nuciferine ameliorates high‐fat diet‐induced disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice based on the gut–liver axis
Authors: Zhu Xiangyang , Hao Rili , Lv Xiaqing , Zhou Xing , Li Dapeng , Zhang Chen
Published: July 2023

High‐fat diets (HFDs) can trigger lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and inflammatory responses in the body, causing glucose and lipid metabolism dysfunction. This study aimed to explore the role of nuciferine on HFD‐induced disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity mice models, and further to identify the possible underlying mechanisms. In our experiments, nuciferine effectively ameliorated HFD‐induced insulin resistance by IRS/PI3K/AKT pathway, and alleviated HFD‐induced lipid accumulation via AMPK‐mediated regulation of FAS and ATGL expression. Nuciferine also suppressed HFD‐induced intestinal pathological damage, as evidenced by the improvement of intestinal barrier integrity and the increasing in expressions of tight junction proteins of claudin, ZO‐1, and occludin. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiota suggested that nuciferine changed the diversity and the composition of gut microbiota in HFD‐fed mice. Nuciferine decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, the relative abundance of LPS‐producing genus Desulfovibrio and the bacteria which involved in lipid metabolism. In summary, nuciferine ameliorated the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice via balancing the gut–liver axis.
A method to classify coal pore system by using cumulative amplitude ratio and its dynamic variation
Authors: Zou Mingjun , Cai Ningbo , Wang Keying , Ding Zibin , Yao Linlin
Published: July 2023

As coal pore development is decisive for choosing the engineering site and predicting the CO2 storage capacity, this paper provides a new method to define the double T2 cutoff values by using cumulative amplitude ratio measured by nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, classifies the coal pore systems, and analyzes the influences on cumulative amplitude ratio. The following cognitions are achieved. The minimum ratio always varies narrowly and ranges from 0.9 to 1.1, which is quite stable and approximately equals to 1. Ranges of maximum and average ratios are 1.2–3.5 and 1.1–1.8, respectively. T2c1 represents the dividing point of diffusion pore and permeation pore, and its average value is about 4.1 ms. T2c2 represents the dividing point of permeation pore and cleat, with an average value of about 81.9 ms. The volumetric proportions of diffusion pore range from 1.5% to 76.2%, with an average value of 34.6%; the volumetric proportions of permeation pore are from 14.9% to 98.5%, with an average of 46.8%; while the volumetric proportions of cleat are between 8.4% and 57.5%, with an average of 26.6%. According to the different influencing degrees on maximum and average ratios, three types of parameters can be divided. The first type is strong correlation parameters and includes permeability, volumetric percentage of cleat, and relative volumetric percentage of cleat. The second type is medium correlation parameters, such as volumetric percentage of diffusion pore. The third type is weak correlation parameters, including T2 cutoff values, porosity, and maximum vitrinite reflectance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geochemical comparison between oceanic and continental arc volcanic rocks: Insights to arc magmatism
Authors: Chen Long , Feng Kaixin , Deng Jianghong , Li Dongyong , Li Sanzhong , Somerville Ian
Published: July 2023

Compositional differences between continental and oceanic arc volcanic rocks have long been recognized; however, our understanding of them is incomplete. This study presents a comprehensive geochemical comparison, including major, trace and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope compositions, between global continental and oceanic arc volcanic rocks. Our data compilation reveals that volcanic rocks from a single oceanic arc occupy basaltic to basaltic–andesitic average lithochemical compositions, except for volcanic rocks from the Lesser Antilles arc, which occupies an andesitic average lithochemical composition, similar to the bulk composition of volcanic rocks from single continental arcs. The composition of the average continental arc volcanic rocks, the average Lesser Antilles arc volcanic rocks and the average oceanic arc volcanic rocks are different in many ways, which span the entire compositional range from basalts to rhyolites, and are reflected in major, trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope compositions. Qualitative geochemical analyses and semi‐quantitative modelling suggest that the compositional differences in mafic arc volcanic rocks can be accounted for by differences in source mixing between mantle wedge peridotite and slab‐derived crustal components. Slab melts‐peridotite source mixing governs most of the lithochemical features of the continental arc and the Lesser Antilles arc mafic volcanic rocks, which is especially true for Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes. On the other hand, such source mixing occurred to a lesser extent in the petrogenesis of oceanic arc mafic volcanic rocks. Magma evolution processes such as fractional crystallization may further modify the lithochemical composition of the arc volcanic rocks, especially the felsic ones, but this is not the governing factor.
Prophylactic low‐molecular‐weight heparin in women with thrombophilia undergoing in vitro fertilization
Authors: Lambert José Roberto , Ueno Joji , Fernandes César Eduardo , Pompei Luciano Melo
Published: July 2023

Objective

To verify whether low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) could increase pregnancy rates and/or decrease abortion rates in women with thrombophilia undergoing assisted reproduction cycles.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study with patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) (N = 104). Women without thrombophilia (control group, n = 20), women with thrombophilia who did not receive LMWH (untreated group, n = 30), and women with thrombophilia, treated with daily enoxaparin from the day of embryo transfer until week 36 of gestation (treated group, n = 54). All women underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. IVF was performed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and embryos were transferred on day 3. Pregnancy was detected by β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (biochemical pregnancy) and fetal heartbeat at week 5 to 6. Ongoing pregnancy was determined by ultrasound on week 12.

Results

Patients in the untreated thrombophilia group presented with significantly lower ongoing pregnancy rates and live birth rates and significantly higher early pregnancy loss and abortion rates when compared with the control and the treated thrombophilia groups.

Conclusions

In women with diagnosed coagulation disorders, use of LMWH is important to avoid miscarriages.
Elastic modulus of hydrogel regulates osteogenic differentiation via liquid–liquid phase separation of YAP
Authors: Tan Kuang , Yang Qiaolin , Han Yineng , Zhuang Ziyao , Zhao Yi , Guo KunYao , Tan Anqi , Zheng Yunfei , Li Weiran
Published: July 2023

Craniofacial bone defects induced by congenital malformations, trauma, or diseases frequently challenge the orthodontic or restorative treatment. Stem cell‐based bone regenerative approaches emerged as a promising method to resolve bone defects. Microenvironment physical cues, such as the matrix elastic modulus or matrix topography, regulate stem cell differentiation via multiple genes. We constructed gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), a well‐known scaffold, to investigate the impact of elastic modulus on osteogenic differentiation in a three‐dimensional environment. Confocal microscope was used to observe and assess the condensates fission and fusion. New bone formation was evaluated by micro‐computed tomography at 6 weeks in calvarial defect rat. We found that the light curing increased elastic modulus of GelMA, and the pore size of GelMA decreased. The expression of osteogenic markers was inhibited in hBMSCs cultured in the low‐elastic‐modulus GelMA. In contrast, the expression of YAP, TAZ and TEAD was increased in the hBMSCs in the low‐elastic‐modulus GelMA. Furthermore, YAP assembled via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) into condensates that were sensitive to 1′6‐hexanediol. YAP recruit TAZ and TEAD4, but not RUNX2 into the condensates. In vivo, we also found that hBMSCs in high‐elastic‐modulus GelMA was more apt to form new bone. This study provides new insight into the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation. Reagents that can regulate the elastic modulus of substrate or LLPS may be applied to promote bone regeneration.
Electrochemical evaluation of magnetic reduced graphene oxide nanosheet‐modified glassy carbon electrode on dopamine electrochemical sensor for Parkinson's diagnostic application
Authors: Hardiansyah Andri , Saputra Gardin Muhammad Andika , Hikmat Hikmat , Kusfarida Yuniar Elfira , Septiani Ni Luh Wulan , Randy Ahmad , Hermawan Angga , Yuliarto Brian , Liu Ting‐Yu , Kida Tetsuya
Published: July 2023

Background

Dopamine is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter that plays a critical function as a chemical messenger that aids in the signal transmission in the brain and other important places. Dopamine is known to play an important role in several neurological diseases such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease in which a key factor in the development of Parkinson's disease is abnormally lower levels of dopamine compared to normal levels. However, these methods are expensive, requires manual labor and resources, and demands large number of reagents and chemicals. Therefore, it is essential to develop dopamine detection methods that are less costly, more stable, and easier to perform.

Objective

To develop a magnetic reduced graphene oxide (MRGO) nanosheet‐modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the electrochemical detection of dopamine.

Methods

Magnetic reduced graphene oxide (MRGO) nanosheet were prepared by the in situ coprecipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ in the GO solution. To prepare the MRGO nanosheet ink, 38 mg of MRGO nanosheet was mixed with 2 mg of acetylene black and 80 μL of Nafion solution (5%). The mixture was then mixed with 210 μL of deionized water and 210 μL of 2‐propanol and subjected to ultrasonication for 120 min using a sonicator to obtain a homogenous MRGO nanosheet ink. Furthermore, 3 μL of MRGO ink was dripped onto the surface of the GCE.

Results

MRGO consists of graphene layered tethered with the spherical Fe3O4. The oxygen‐based functional groups on the surface of MRGO could act as chemically active sites for the attachment of dopamine. The MRGO nanosheet has been proven to be an effective GCE modifier with a remarkable electroactive surface area of approximately 0.0104 cm2, demonstrating stable and sensitive electrochemical performance towards dopamine.

Conclusions

The MRGO nanosheets‐modified GCE presented a great potential as an electrocatalyst for dopamine detection, especially in the presence of interfering compounds like uric acid. By effectively discriminating dopamine and uric acid, MRGO nanosheets‐modified GCE have demonstrated a sensitive, stable, and specific electrochemical performance. This remarkable result underlines the immense potential of MRGO nanosheets‐modified GCE for real‐world applications, particularly in the medical field, where the ability to detect dopamine precisely and accurately is critical.
Need for additional training to be a laboratory genetic counselor—A qualitative exploration
Authors: Schwartz Lisa , Mackall Mia S. , Arjunan Aishwarya , Goodenberger McKinsey , Mills Rachel , Witherington Sarah
Published: July 2023

Opportunities for genetic counselors to work in the laboratory have grown exponentially, yet the professional development needed to serve in these roles had not been previously explored. This study aimed to identify competencies required for entry‐level genetic counselors working in the laboratory, explore the perceived level of preparation of these competencies as noted by experts in the laboratories, and assess the perceived value of additional credentialing for genetic counselors practicing in these settings. Twenty genetic counselors working in the laboratory setting and five MD or PhD laboratory managers, identified through purposeful and snowball sampling and with at least 5 years of experience working in a laboratory, were interviewed using a semi‐structured protocol. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using deductive and inductive coding. Key findings included the distinction of laboratory and industry roles as involving nondirect patient care and differing from genetic counseling roles in the clinical setting. Genetic counselors working in the laboratory feel well prepared to transition into this setting and provide a unique patient‐focused perspective to laboratory roles, including variant interpretation, marketing, and product development. Practice‐based competencies (PBCs) were translatable to those used in the laboratory, yet variant interpretation, limitations of genomics‐based tests, and the business of health care were noted as important to these roles but not fully addressed in the PBCs. Additional skills were often developed through on‐the‐job training and interdisciplinary collaboration, but more exposure to diverse roles in genetic counseling programs' didactic and field training was recommended. The majority felt that requiring an additional post‐master's credential to work in the laboratory setting may restrict movement into these roles. Several questioned their identity as genetic counselors as they were no longer providing direct patient care and/or had been dissuaded by others from pursuing a laboratory position. Research focused on professional identity among genetic counselors working in nondirect patient care roles is warranted.
Group concept mapping – bridging the gap between conceptual papers and empirical research
Authors: Homer Stephen T.
Published: July 2023

With growing internationalism, there is a shift in research patterns in developing countries, especially China and India, generating vital and contemporary research areas that are beginning to challenge the existing Western‐dominated research literature in social sciences. Yet, many of the new ideas within conceptual papers by the social sciences are not empirically validated, let alone operationalized. This is where the group concept mapping method can play a role in bridging the gap between phenomenal conceptualization and having an empirically valid model that can then be operationalized. The group concept mapping process involves five steps: create statements, sort statements, run multidimensional scaling (MDS) of sorted units, run cluster analysis, and label the clusters. This approach allows for the collective thoughts of a pre‐defined group to be collected and organized into a tangible output with academic rigor. This paper offers an overview of the group concept mapping methodology, discussing the processes of the method, how the method can be utilized fully within the business and broader social science context, and the strengths, weaknesses, and practical implications of group concept mapping.