bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of circular-shaped chromatic model and spinning of full color gamut colored yarn by digital blending of three primary colored fibers
Authors: Sun Xianqiang , Xue Yuan , Liu Yuexing , Zhang Guoqing , Liu Lixia , Wang Liqiang
Published: August 2022

This paper focuses on the construction of the theory of the spinning process for full color gamut colored yarn. A color stereo model of full color gamut reflecting the variation of hue, lightness and saturation in the process of color mixing is established by digital blending of three primary colored fibers so as to realize the visualization of full color gamut gridded color mixing chromatography. A three-channel computer numerical control spinning method incorporating the yarn color, the blending ratios of three primary colored fibers and multichannel coupling drafting ratios and other parameters is proposed according to the digital twin theory that enables the realization of the spinning of full color gamut colored yarn. A novel spinning technique which mainly consists of controlling the hue, brightness and saturation is used to manufacture full color gamut colored yarns according to the three-channel computer numerical control spinning platform. Three series of colored yarns of different hues with equal saturation, different brightness with equal hues, and different saturation with equal hues were prepared as experimental verification, and the yarn indicators such as color, linear density, unevenness, surface hairiness, and tensile strength were measured, and the reasons for their fluctuations were analyzed.
Card clothing with misaligned teeth for the card: Carding mechanism and application
Authors: He Shanshan , Cheng Longdi , Xue Wenliang , Lu Zhong , Chen Liguo , Shao Ruiqi
Published: August 2022

In the carding region between flats and the cylinder, carding efficiency is limited because small tufts are prone to move or are embedded in channels between two lines of teeth. In our previous research, simulation on airflow and fiber deformation in this area has been discussed. It turns out that when teeth are misaligned alternatively lengthwise, fibers have larger swing scopes and are more easily caught by adjacent teeth. In this project, further research has been done on this card clothing with misaligned teeth (M-CC) and compared with card clothing with traditional teeth. Simulations by the discrete phase model have been applied to investigate the effect of teeth arrangement on contacting chances of fibers and teeth, which shows an increase of 1.3 times. Besides, the teeth’s ability of fiber grasping and transferring has been analyzed and they are shown to be enhanced by misalignment. To realize the processing requirement on the teeth shape of M-CC, a specialized teeth reshaping device has also been designed here. Contrast experiments have been done to look into the fiber quality in slivers and yarn quality. With the application of M-CC, the neps and short fiber content (both short fiber content by weight and short fiber content by number) in slivers declined by 4.08%, 25.42% and 33.92%, respectively. In addition, when mounted on a card machine, records of energy and weight on 30 cotton laps manifested in intensive carding forces and advanced fiber utilization. Yarn from the M-CC group also has better performance in evenness (2.87%) and no significant changes in tenacity properties.
Moral Beauty During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prosocial Behavior Among Adolescents and the Inspiring Role of the Media
Authors: de Leeuw Rebecca N. H. , van Woudenberg Thabo J. , Green Kayla H. , Sweijen Sophie W. , van de Groep Suzanne , Kleemans Mariska , Tamboer Sanne L. , Crone Eveline A. , Buijzen Moniek
Published: August 2022

In this study, we examined whether adolescents helped others during the COVID-19 pandemic and how stories in the media inspired them in doing so. Using an online daily diary design, 481 younger adolescents ( M = 15.29, SD = 1.76) and 404 older adolescents ( M = 21.48, SD = 1.91) were followed for 2 weeks. Findings from linear mixed effects models demonstrated that feelings of being moved by stories in the media were related to giving emotional support to family and friends, and to helping others, including strangers. Exposure to COVID-19 news and information was found to spark efforts to support and help as well and keeping physical distance in line with the advised protective behaviors against COVID-19. Moreover, helping others was related to increased happiness. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the potential role of the media in connecting people in times of crisis.
International Institutions, Public Education, and Student Insurgency in Contemporary Brazil
Authors: Dias Martins Mônica
Published: August 2022

Following the 2016 coup in Brazil, strategies for avoiding the state’s constitutional duty to provide free quality public secular education intensified. The government’s education policy has focused on serving the private sector by commodifying education and training a workforce adapted to a job market subservient to the powers that control the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. Education funding has been frozen for 20 years, and neoliberal reforms to secondary education have been proposed. The crux of this policy is a high school program that distinguishes between two types of education, technical-vocational for the working classes and scientific-humanistic for the ruling classes. The reforms have been met by protests culminating in a national strike in May 2019 that brought thousands of students and education workers into the streets to demand a place at the table. The society is responding to the attempt to transform Brazil into an experiment in neoliberal totalitarianism, and the struggle continues.

Após o golpe de 2016 no Brasil, intensificaram-se as estratégias para evitar o dever constitucional do Estado de oferecer educação pública e laica de qualidade e gratuita. A política educacional do governo tem se concentrado no atendimento ao setor privado, mercantilizando a educação e formando uma força de trabalho adaptada a um mercado de trabalho subserviente aos poderes que controlam o Banco Mundial e o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento. O financiamento da educação foi congelado por 20 anos, e foram propostas reformas neoliberais para o ensino médio. O cerne dessa política é um programa de ensino médio que distingue entre dois tipos de educação, técnico-profissional para a classe trabalhadora e científico-humanístico para as classes dominantes. As reformas foram recebidas por protestos que culminaram em uma greve nacional em maio de 2019, que levou milhares de estudantes e trabalhadores de educação às ruas para exigir um lugar à mesa. A sociedade está respondendo à tentativa de transformar o Brasil em uma experiência de totalitarismo neoliberal, e a luta continua.
Remaining useful life prediction for lithium-ion batteries in later period based on a fusion model
Authors: Cai Li
Published: August 2022

Lithium-ion batteries are broadly used in many fields. Accurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction ensures the reliable operation and the safety of battery systems. However, no single model can realize long-term prediction for RUL with the reliable uncertainty management in the later period. To this end, a competitive model based on an improved autoregressive (AR) and particle filter (PF) model is proposed. Specifically, the similarity capacity series is creatively employed in the AR model, while the underlying capacity is introduced as a new approach for the parameter estimation of the observation equation in PF. Then, average weight is used to update the state equation and describe the future system states. After that, the RUL and its probability density function are obtained by PF again. The effectiveness and robustness are verified by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) dataset. Results illustrate that the fusion model outperforms others and accurately predicts RUL with narrow uncertainty representation in the later period.
Optimization of a gas network fuel consumption with genetic algorithm
Authors: Takerhi Matthew Efe , Dąbrowski Karol
Published: August 2022

In this paper genetic algorithm (GA) was used for the optimization of two natural gas network, the study focuses on fuel consumption minimization of the second gas network. Studies using GA to simultaneously optimize a gas network and a compressor station based on the constraint of the gas network and compressor station are limited. The relationship between several compressor speed and the total fuel consumption and the relationship between the sum of pressure drop in compressor station loops and compressor inlet flow are assessed for optimization. For this purpose, the optimization of two networks was presented and the results were compared with result from analytical methods. The first network problem was to determine the flow rates and node pressures under a given load, which serves as a guide in using GA. Comparison with result from analytical solution showed good agreement of predicted values. The second network consisted of two compressor stations, each containing six compressors with the objective to optimize the fuel consumption of the system. The simulation was divided into two main simulations, the first simulation was the flow optimization, which results in the optimum flow, based on the fitness function, which is the summation of pressure loss for each compressor station. In the second simulation which was the speed optimization, the optimum set of compressor speed was obtained which depends on the fitness function, which is the minimum fuel consumption, the flow obtained from the flow optimization served as input and remained constant. All speeds were simulated together. The predicted results were compared with literature and showed GA can be used for compressor station fuel optimization but still requires improvement. Based on the outcomes, data on natural gas network operations should be accessible to encourage studies on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions minimization.
Isolated Congenital Anosmia: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alotaibi Naif H. , Alrashed May , Drad Mohammed K. , Abu-Safieh Leen , Almobarak Abdulaziz A. , Baz Batoul , Farzan Raed A. , Alsuhaibani Mohanned S. , Al-Alsheikh Yazeed
Published: August 2022

Isolated congenital anosmia (ICA) is a rare entity worldwide with poorly understood genetic variation. The diagnosis of ICA is made by exclusion of acquired causes of anosmia. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging in ICA is essential for diagnosis, as it shows reduced or absent development of olfactory bulbs and shallow olfactory sulci. Here, we present the case of a 21-year-old man who presented to our clinic with complete anosmia since birth. The patient's history was negative for acquired causes of anosmia, and the physical examinations of the ears, nose, throat, head, and neck were all not remarkable. Smell testing revealed complete anosmia. The CT imaging was unremarkable; however, magnetic resonance imaging of the anterior brain and olfactory region showed bilaterally absent olfactory bulbs and olfactory tracts, with a shallow olfactory groove. The patient was then subjected to whole exome sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the 37 genes associated with olfactory dysfunction, in which a missense variant was identified in the HS6ST1(NM_004807.3) gene was identified, which insilico tools predicted to be likely pathogenic. The results of this patient’s genetic analysis add to the possible genetic culprits reported in ICA cases. Additional genetic analyses are required to validate mutations and understand the heterogeneity of disease representation.
Toward the Fourth Industrial Revolution among E7 Economies: Assessment of the Combined Impact of Institutional Quality, Bank Funding, and Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Gyamfi Bright A. , Bekun Festus Victor , Agozie Divine Q.
Published: August 2022

Technological innovation and its paradigm, that is, the Fourth Industrial Revolution-4IR, have shown strong impact on income levels of adopters across the globe. To this end, this analysis examines the impact of bank funding and institutional quality on technological advancement. This study adds additional variables such as high-technology exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) as control variable. Our study period spans from 2000 to 2018 on an annual frequency for E7 economies (Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, India, Turkey, Russia, and China). This study leverages on cross-sectional ARDL, Augmented Mean Group (AMG), and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group Estimates (CCEMG) estimation techniques to examine long-run relationship between the outlined variables. Empirical findings show that institution quality, bank finance, income, high-technology exports, and foreign direct investments exert a positive effect on advancements in technology. Furthermore, the interaction between bank finance and institution quality on technological advancement is also positive and statistically significant. Based on the findings, it is concluded that large-scale funding is crucial for businesses to leverage revolutionary technology. Likewise, access to large capital sources if made easier encourages technology affordance as well as innovation and operational excellence. Thus, economies with established legal and financial systems stand to offer businesses such security, which encourages business innovation. Consequently, E7 economies ought to improve their financial and legal systems to boost financial security, creativity, and competitiveness of businesses.
Unique expression of the atypical mitochondrial subunit NDUFA4L2 in cerebral pericytes fine tunes HIF activity in response to hypoxia
Authors: Mesa-Ciller Claudia , Turiel Guillermo , Guajardo-Grence Andrea , Lopez-Rodriguez Ana Belen , Egea Javier , De Bock Katrien , Aragonés Julián , Urrutia Andrés A
Published: August 2022

A central response to insufficient cerebral oxygen delivery is a profound reprograming of metabolism, which is mainly regulated by the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF). Among other responses, HIF induces the expression of the atypical mitochondrial subunit NDUFA4L2. Surprisingly, NDUFA4L2 is constitutively expressed in the brain in non-hypoxic conditions. Analysis of publicly available single cell transcriptomic (scRNA-seq) data sets coupled with high-resolution multiplexed fluorescence RNA in situ hybridization (RNA F.I.S.H.) revealed that in the murine and human brain NDUFA4L2 is exclusively expressed in mural cells with the highest levels found in pericytes and declining along the arteriole-arterial smooth muscle cell axis. This pattern was mirrored by COX4I2, another atypical mitochondrial subunit. High NDUFA4L2 expression was also observed in human brain pericytes in vitro, decreasing when pericytes are muscularized and further induced by HIF stabilization in a PHD2/PHD3 dependent manner. In vivo, Vhl conditional inactivation in pericyte targeting Ng2-cre transgenic mice dramatically induced NDUFA4L2 expression. Finally NDUFA4L2 inactivation in pericytes increased oxygen consumption and therefore the degree of HIF pathway induction in hypoxia. In conclusion our work reveals that NDUFA4L2 together with COX4I2 is a key hypoxic-induced metabolic marker constitutively expressed in pericytes coupling mitochondrial oxygen consumption and cellular hypoxia response.
COVID-19 Stressful Life Events and Chinese Adolescents’ Mental Health: Examining Resilience, Peer Relationship, and Parenting as Moderators
Authors: Cheong Yeram , Zhu Qianyu , Wang Cixin , He Minxuan , Ye Yijun
Published: August 2022

The current study examines intrapersonal characteristics or factors (i.e., resilience), peer (i.e., quality of peer relationships), and family processes (i.e., parental involvement, critical comparison) as potential risk and protective factors for mental health of Chinese adolescents during COVID- 19 pandemic. A total of 504 seventh-grade students (52% boys) and their caregivers in Beijing, China completed an online survey in September 2020. Youth reported experiencing various COVID-19-related stressful life events (i.e., conflicts with parents, poor learning environment and efficiency, family financial pressure), and about 15% reported slightly elevated scores of mental health difficulties. Findings suggested personal resilience and quality of peer relationship predicted positive mental health (i.e., covitality or co-occurrence of positive psychological dispositions) and less mental health difficulties. Parent’s critical comparison intensified the negative link between stressful life events and youth mental health. Implications for promoting youth mental health as schools reopen are discussed.
The i-gel supraglottic airway device improves airway management during endobronchial ablative therapy under general anesthesia: a case report
Authors: Chung Mee Young , Hong SungJin , Shin MinJung , Cha SeungHee , Lee JiYung
Published: August 2022

Endobronchial ablative therapy (EAT) in patients with preexisting obstructive airway disease can cause hypoxemia because bronchoscope insertion interferes with ventilation and a low fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) is essential to avoid airway fire. A man in his early 50s with moderately severe obstructive airway disease was scheduled for EAT for treatment of tracheal papillomatosis. Ventilation and oxygenation would have been difficult because of narrowing of the endotracheal tube by bronchoscopic insertion and a low FiO2; therefore, an i-gel supraglottic airway device with a larger inner diameter was inserted. All visible intratracheal papillomas were ablated by a potassium titanyl phosphate laser through the bronchoscopic port that passed through the lumen of the i-gel at an FiO2 of 0.3. During anesthesia for EAT, the i-gel supraglottic airway device provided a wider lumen for ventilation. We were thus able to provide stable ventilation at an FiO2 of 0.3 during EAT in this patient with obstructive airway disease, avoiding airway fire and hypoxemia.
Depression within the First Year of Relocation to Residential Care/Assisted Living: Where You Come From Matters
Authors: Plys Evan , Levy Cari
Published: August 2022

Depression is common within the first year of relocation to residential care/assisted living (RC/AL). Yet, few studies investigate the relationship between depression and relocation factors that might help identify at-risk residents, such as previous location. This study analyzed cross-sectional resident data ( n = 2651) from the National Survey of Residential Care Facilities to test: (1) group differences between residents relocating from acute/post-acute facilities (e.g., hospital, rehabilitation facility) and community-based residences, and (2) the relationship between previous location and depression within the first year of relocation. The 921 (35%) residents relocating directly from acute/post-acute facilities were more likely to have depression ( p < .001) and poorer outcomes on select health and psychosocial variables. After controlling for covariates, relocating directly from an acute/post-acute facility significantly related to depression (OR = 1.22). Findings highlight opportunities to improve routine screening and transitional care for this subpopulation of RC/AL residents at heightened risk for depression.
Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate lysine conjugates in the urine of workers exposed to methylenediphenyl diisocyanate
Authors: Nwoko Kenneth C , Kenny Laura , Jones Kate
Published: August 2022

Diisocyanates have long been a leading cause of occupational asthma. As control often relies on personal protective equipment and there is the potential for skin uptake, biological monitoring is often used to assess worker exposure. Current routine biological monitoring methods do not distinguish between a diisocyanate and the corresponding diamine exposure in urine samples; therefore, a specific urinary biomarker is desirable. Urine samples were obtained from a group of workers exposed to methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) where aerosol generation was unlikely. Lysine conjugates of MDI were extracted from urine by solid phase extraction; analysis was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Acetylated MDI-lysine (acMDI-Lys) conjugates were detected in 73% of samples tested from persons with exposure to MDI compared to 93% of samples that were positive for methylene dianiline (MDA) in hydrolysed urine. There was a weak but significant positive correlation between the two biomarkers (r2 = 0.377). This is the first report detecting and quantifying acMDI-Lys in the urine of workers exposed to MDI, and acMDI-Lys may be a useful non-invasive biomarker in discriminating between MDI and MDA exposures.
Characteristics of Patients with Cancer Readmitted Within 30 Days to an Acute Palliative Care Unit
Authors: El Hachem Pierre , Pasniciuc Silviu , Khurana Saurabh , Samala Renato V. , Rybicki Lisa A. , Lagman Ruth L. , Davis Mellar P.
Published: August 2022

Objective(s)

For patients with cancer, the emergence of acute palliative care units (APCU) may hold promise in curtailing hospital readmissions. The study aims to describe the characteristics of patients readmitted to an APCU.

Methods

This retrospective study examined patients with cancer readmitted within 30 days to an APCU. Readmissions were further classified as either potentially preventable or non-preventable.

Results

Out of 734 discharges from July 1, 2014 to July 1, 2015, 69 (9%) readmissions were identified and analyzed. For index admissions, median length of stay was five days, and one (1%) was discharged home with hospice care. For readmissions, median time from index admission to readmission was nine days, median length of stay was six days, three (4%) patients died, and 20 (30%) went home with hospice. Ten (14.5%) readmissions were deemed potentially preventable (95% CI 7.2-25.0%). Race/ethnicity—White/Black/Hispanic/Others—was 60%, 10%, 20% and 10%, respectively, among potentially preventable readmissions and 76%, 22%, 2% and 0%, respectively, among potentially non-preventable readmissions (P = .012). Potentially preventable readmissions were more likely to have venous thromboembolism (40% vs. 12%, P = .046) and more reasons for readmission (median 2 vs. 1, P = .019).

Conclusions

Among patients with cancer readmitted to an APCU, one out of seven was potentially preventable and a far larger proportion was discharged with hospice care compared to the index admission. Recognition of disease course, meaningful goals of care discussions and timely transition to hospice care may reduce rehospitalization in this population.
The effect of formulation and processing parameters on thermal stability of PVC/Poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide)/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing
Authors: Moghri Mehdi , Kalaee Mohammad Reza , Abdouss Majid , Koosha Mojtaba
Published: August 2022

In this work, nanocomposites of polyvinyl chloride poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide)(ECO)/organoclay were prepared via melt processing and various parameters including nanoclay and rubber content (ECO) as well as rotor speed were tuned to find the optimum formulation for the highest thermal stability. The prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) and differential thermal analysis XRD results showed that rotor speeds higher than 70 r/min are crucial for obtaining highly intercalated products with good thermal stability. From DTG analyses, it was observed that at lower concentrations of rubber, the rate of mass loss is higher which results in faster dehydrochlorination of the composite. The sample prepared with 2 phr OMMT, 30 phr rubber, and 70 r/min rotor speed showed the highest thermal stability. The selected nanocomposite showed the first weight loss at 294 [Formula: see text]. Results of this research showed that even a slight change in each parameter has a great influence on thermal properties of the nanocomposites. The hydrogen bonding mode between ECO and organoclay were estimated by theoretical calculations using GAUSSIAN software. From the obtained results, the miscibility of OMMT and ECO polymer is related to the hydrogen bonds which are more preferred at chlorine atom of ECO polymer.
Falling for Social Engineering: A Qualitative Analysis of Social Engineering Policy Recommendations
Authors: Steinmetz Kevin F. , Holt Thomas J.
Published: August 2022

The current study examines recommendations for addressing organizational members who fall prey to social engineering as a matter of organizational policy through a qualitative analysis of interviews with organizational IT security administrators, IT security auditors, and social engineers. The results of this analysis indicate that participants had an aversion to punitive approaches to security failures. Instead, they tended to favor education as a more pragmatic and humane solution. Others argued that emphasis should be given to rewarding positive security behavior over punishing lapses. Few participants contended that there is a time and place for harsher sanctions but generally only for repeat offenders. Implications for security policy, deterrence theory, and reintegrative shaming theory are considered.
Mapping the Political Landscape on Social Media Using Bibliometrics: A Longitudinal Co-Word Analysis on Twitter and Facebook Publications Published Between 2012 and 2021
Authors: Obreja Dragoș M.
Published: August 2022

Topics such as disinformation, misinformation, political polarization, and populism are frequently discussed in the social media literature. The purpose of this article is to investigate how the political emphasis on social media has evolved in the academic publications published in the last decade. Thus, using co-word analysis of the social science articles published between 2012 and 2021, which discuss politically about Facebook or Twitter ( N = 3389), this article investigates whether certain major and unexpected political events—such as Donald Trump’s presidential victory and the Brexit referendum—have influenced in any way the knowledge field related to social media publications. Thus, the 2017–2021 map brings new and popular words, such as “Covid-19,” which is associated in similar clusters with words such as disinformation, fake news, and infodemic. Furthermore, the emergence of the word “Russia” places it in a common cluster with words such as bots, elections, and agenda-setting. Also, the Twitter map, unlike the Facebook one, brings a particular emphasis on Donald Trump’s activity, which appears in clusters that are similar to topics that brought him popularity on Twitter, such as: meme, migration, and refugees. Such bibliometric associations should increase policymakers’ attention to the potential use of social media as a political tool, along with designing the solutions to limit such intrusions into future political events.
Evaluating Guideline Directed Medical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Post-coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Kabulski Galen M. , Boughner Troy , Szymanski Thomas W. , Sokos George G. , Kido Kazuhiko
Published: August 2022

Background: Limited evidence regarding the use of guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is available. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize prescription of HFrEF GDMT use before and after CABG. Methods: A retrospective analysis of adult patients with an ejection fraction ≤40% undergoing CABG was performed. The primary objective was to evaluate patients receiving HFrEF GDMT, defined as a heart failure beta-blocker (HFBB) and a renin-angiotensin inhibitor preoperatively and postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included dosing, percent of patients on each individual therapy, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) use, and the combination thereof. The follow up period was 1 year. Results: Thirty-eight patients met criteria for inclusion. Prior to CABG, 52.6% of patients were receiving HFrEF GDMT. The prescribing rate of HFrEF GDMT was not significantly higher at any point within 1 year postoperatively ( P = .299). The rate of renin-angiotensin inhibitors, HFBB, and aldosterone antagonists use significantly increased from 13.2% preoperatively to 36.8% at 1 year after CABG ( P = .022). Doses of individual therapies were not significantly different across all time points preoperatively and postoperatively. Conclusion: HFrEF GDMT use and doses of individual therapies after CABG were not maximized. Collaborative efforts between cardiac surgeons, heart failure cardiologists, and pharmacists could be used to optimize HFrEF GDMT use and dose titration.
Socio-Structural Determinants in Volunteering for Humanitarian Organizations: A Resource-Based Approach
Authors: Meijeren Maikel , Lubbers Marcel , Scheepers Peer
Published: August 2022

This article examines who volunteers for humanitarian organizations as compared to volunteering for other organizations versus people not volunteering, in the Netherlands. Using high-quality survey data ( N = 5,050), we depart from a classic theoretical resource-based approach to study what forms of resources play a role in the likelihood to volunteer for different types of civic associations. We find that education and subjective health as indicators of human capital matter in volunteering for most types of associations, however, more so for humanitarian organizations than some other types of organizations. Social capital is of larger importance in volunteering for leisure organizations than for humanitarian ones, while cultural capital is relevant for volunteering but not more for humanitarian associations. Some forms of capital are thus stronger related to particular organizations, showing the different demographic compositions of the distinguished associations. We recommend to be more sensitive in distinguishing explanations of volunteering for different associations.
The pursuit of luxury as an act of transgression: Bataille, sovereignty, desire
Authors: Armitage John
Published: August 2022

Through concepts such as the act of transgression, the idea of the pursuit of luxury can be radically transformed by reconsidering the work of the French philosopher Georges Bataille on sovereignty and desire within contemporary culture. This article on the relations between transgression, luxury, sovereignty, and desire constitutes a reworking of Bataille's thought. Offering an exploration and development of the key notions which run through current work on luxury, from sumptuous living to human lives in search of lavishness, the article places these important concepts in their intellectual and historical contexts and goes on to trace their considerable possibilities for contemporary French thought. In this manner, the article not only makes the idea of the pursuit of luxury accessible, but also invites readers to make their own critical judgements of such a pursuit. The article concludes with an account of the pursuit of luxury and acts of transgression as a moral vision, and with the perpetual problems of luxury and necessity. The notion of the pursuit of luxury is now impossible to disregard for anybody who is serious-minded about contemporary acts of transgression, and this article affords the ideal companion to the wide-ranging diversity of Bataille's critical texts on sovereignty and desire.
Substance Use Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Nebhinani Naresh , Singh Pranshu , Mamta
Published: August 2022

Background:

Exposure to addictive substances commonly occurs during childhood and adolescence and it adds more adverse consequences in life course. However, evidence is scarce for management of substance use disorders in this population.

Methods:

We searched for published literature of previous 10 years on PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar until June 2021. The literature found relevant was organized into various subheadings like epidemiology, etiology, screening, and prevention and treatment.

Results:

Alcohol and tobacco remain the most commonly used substances amongst children and adolescents the world over, closely followed by cannabis. High-risk populations including street children are most severely afflicted. There are a multitude of risk factors ranging from biological to psychosocial, most importantly parental drug use and adverse experience in childhood. Public health initiatives including school, family, and community interventions have shown promising results. Early screening for substance use is beneficial with special attention on externalizing disorders. Studies on pharmacological treatment remain sparse while psychosocial interventions employing different modalities such as behavioural- and contingency-related techniques have shown initial promise.

Conclusions:

Adolescents and children are more prone to substance use and associated risk-taking behavior. There is a vital need for well-designed studies for assessing risk and protective factors, comprehensive screening, prevention, and intervention modalities in children and adolescents including street children and other high-risk population.
‘Let's face it, it's not a healthy sport’: Perceived health status and experience of injury among Polish professional mixed martial arts athletes
Authors: Lenartowicz Michał , Dobrzycki A , Jasny M
Published: August 2022

With this article we present findings from the research on professional MMA fighters and their perception of health and injury. The frequency and types of injuries they have sustained while practicing MMA were analysed alongside self-assessment of health conditions and attitudes towards health problems. We also analyze fighters’ risk culture of neglecting pain and underestimating injuries, and the organization of health care in the event of an injury. A mixed methodology was applied. We administered a questionnaire to 88 male professional MMA athletes. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 athletes from the surveyed group. Respondents’ mean age was 27.5. They had sound MMA experience, with the most experienced competing in over 20 professional fights. Investigated athletes reported numerous health problems, high injury rate and frequent occurrence of pain. The MMA risk culture seemed to shape specific competitors’ perceptions and responses to injury and health problems and specific hierarchy of injury severity. MMA athletes showed a high level of risk acceptance regarding their health and the social and economic terms of their professional MMA involvement. They also reported inadequate medical care and oversight, and independently organised and financed medical and rehabilitation treatments. Nevertheless, for investigated athletes this risk culture seems to be internalized and considered an acceptable cost of their professional sport involvement and recognition.
On the frequency up-conversion mechanism due to a soft stopper by the example of an electrostatic kinetic energy harvester
Authors: Sokolov Andrii , Galayko Dimitri , Basset Philippe , Blokhina Elena
Published: August 2022

Micro- and meso-scale electrostatic energy harvesting systems have high efficiency at the higher-frequency part of the spectrum due to the natural frequencies of micro-structures lying over a range from hundreds of hertz to megahertz. However, many real-life applications related, in particular, to wearable systems, structural monitoring, or the Internet of Things, are characterized by low-frequency environmental forces. The main goal of this letter is to demonstrate that the placement of a stopper that limits the motion of the proof mass and causes soft impacts in an electrostatic kinetic energy harvester is responsible for an effect known as frequency up-conversion. This means that there is a significant response to “non-resonant” frequencies away from the natural frequency of the structure leading to effective energy conversion to the electrical domain. The concept summarizing this effect is presented and modeled, and an experiment carried out on a microscopic electrostatic harvester is presented to prove the concept.
Design and testing a highly backdrivable and kinematic compatible magneto-rheological knee exoskeleton
Authors: de Andrade Rafhael Milanezi , Fabriz Ulhoa Pedro Henrique , Fragoso Dias Eduardo Antônio , Filho Antônio Bento , Vimieiro Claysson Bruno Santos
Published: August 2022

Lower limb exoskeletons (LLE) have been successfully used in robotic-assisted rehabilitation to reduce the burden of locomotor impairment of disabled people. However, the design limitations of LLE mechanisms, such as the lack of kinematic compatibility relative to the user’s joints and the use of high stiff or heavy actuators, limit the outcomes of treatment and increase the risk of injury. To address these shortcomings, in this work we present the design of the MRKneeExo, a highly backdrivable and kinematically compatible active knee exoskeleton. The powertrain of the system is composed of a BLDC 70 W motor associated with a harmonic drive gearbox and a customized magneto-rheological (MR) clutch. To improve kinematic compatibility with the user’s knee, a crossed four-bar linkage mechanism (FBLM) was optimally designed to follow the trajectory of the instant center of rotation (ICR) of the knee projected in the parasagittal plane where the joint is placed. The MR clutch is used to decouple the motor-reducer from the FBLM, thus enabling high backdrivability. The results showed a small error (<3 mm) between the FBLM and the knee ICR. Furthermore, the MR clutch allowed for low back-drive torque (1.28 N m) compared to the torque to back-drive the motor-reducer (18.51 N m). This paper is presented in a framework that can be generalized to support the design of other knee exoskeletons.
Systematic Review of Psychiatric Adverse Effects Induced by Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine: Case Reports and Population Studies
Authors: Talarico Fernanda , Chakravarty Sucheta , Liu Yang S. , Greenshaw Andrew J. , Passos Ives Cavalcante , Cao Bo
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To perform a systematic review on the psychiatric adverse effects of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ); to summarize what is known about psychiatric adverse effects of these drugs; to compare clinical trials, populational studies, and case report studies; and to increase awareness of the potential psychiatric adverse effects of these drugs.

Data Sources:

A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed to identify manuscripts published between December 1962 and June 2022. Search terms included CQ, HCQ, psychiatry, psychosis, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, delirium, and psychotic disorders.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Relevant studies included reports of adverse effects after CQ or HCQ ingestion.

Data Synthesis:

The current literature presents evidence for a risk of short-term psychiatric adverse effects induced by either CQ or HCQ. However, the populational-level studies presented some limitations regarding the voluntary response in survey data, self-report adverse effects, and placebo group reporting similar symptoms to the case group. Thus, populational-level studies addressing the discussed limitations and the nature and extent of possible psychiatric adverse effects are needed.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Most of the patients who developed such adverse effects did not report a family history of psychiatric disease. The frequency of psychiatric adverse effects depends on the patient’s biological sex, age, and body mass index, but not on the drug dosage.

Conclusions:

Based on clinical trials and case reports, the current literature presents evidence for a risk of short-term psychiatric adverse effects induced by either drug.
Abrupt Discontinuation Versus Taper of Hydrocortisone in Patients With Septic Shock
Authors: Carabetta Shannon , Allen Bryan , Cannon Chad , Johnson Totty
Published: August 2022

Background:

Although not mentioned in the most recent guidelines, the 2016 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend to taper corticosteroids once vasopressors are no longer needed; however, at the time of publication, there were no studies comparing taper versus abrupt discontinuation of corticosteroids.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the impact of abrupt versus taper discontinuation of corticosteroids in septic shock.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study that included patients who received an initial dose of 200 to 300 mg of hydrocortisone for septic shock. Participants were then divided into “abrupt” and “taper” groups. The primary outcome assessed was hemodynamic instability during taper or within 72 hours of the last corticosteroid dose. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay, incidence of hyperglycemia or hypernatremia, and in-hospital mortality.

Results:

The primary outcome of reinitiation of vasopressor therapy occurred in a larger proportion of patients in the taper group compared with the abrupt group (21.9% vs 10.7%). The ICU length of stay (7.6 days abrupt vs 9 days taper) and hospital length of stay (14.9 vs 15.3 days) were similar between groups. There was a statistically significant increase in patients who experienced hyperglycemia within 24 hours of the last corticosteroid dose in the abrupt group. All other secondary outcomes were similar between groups.

Conclusions:

The abrupt discontinuation of hydrocortisone in the treatment of septic shock was associated with a nonstatistically significant 50% absolute reduction in the need for vasopressor reinitiation.
Assessment of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and its associated factors among cervical cancer patients in the leading tertiary hospital in Kenya
Authors: Isaaka Joshua , Degu Amsalu , Kimani Lawrence M
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Cisplatin is the widely used antineoplastic agent in managing cervical cancer despite nephrotoxicity being a major concern. In addition, there was a paucity of data about the degree of nephrotoxicity due to cisplatin in the study setting. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cisplatin nephrotoxicity among cervical patients.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Cancer Treatment Centre of Kenyatta National Hospital among 100 cervical cancer patients treated with a cisplatin regimen. Simple random sampling was employed to the recruit medical record of patients. This study used a data abstraction tool to extract the patients' relevant socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 software. Frequency tables and figures were used to present the findings of the study. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Results

The study showed a mean age of 52.09 ± 10.44 years. The prevalence rate of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in cervical cancer patients was 45%. Of these patients, 36% and 9% patients had grade 1 and 2 nephrotoxicities, respectively. Comorbidities (crude odd's ratio (COR) = 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–7.02, p = 0.011), hypertension (COR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.1–7.8, p = 0.03), and more than three cycles of cisplatin treatment (adjusted odd's ratio = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.19–17.0, p = 0.027) were significant factors of nephrotoxicity.

Conclusion

The prevalence of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity among cervical cancer patients was high in the study setting. Comorbidities, number of cycles and types of comorbidities were significant factors associated with cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
Higher order imperfect interface models of conductive spherical interphase
Authors: Kushch Volodymyr I , Mogilevskaya Sofia G
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a study of the Bövik-Benveniste methodology for high order imperfect interface modeling of steady-state conduction problems involving coated spherical particles. Two types of imperfect interface models, that reduce the original three-phase configuration problem to the two-phase configuration problem, are discussed. In one model, the effect of the layer is accounted for via jumps in the field variables across the traces of its boundaries, while in the other via corresponding jumps across the trace of its mid-surface. Explicit expressions for the jumps are provided for both models up to the third order. The obtained higher order jump conditions are incorporated into the unit cell model of spherical particle composite. The multipole expansion method is used to derive the convergent series solutions to the corresponding boundary value problems. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that the use of higher order imperfect interface models allows for accurate evaluation of the local fields and overall conductivity of composites reinforced with coated spherical particles.
Effect of ultra violet (UV-C) and cold storage on orange juice quality
Authors: Bazaraa W. A. , Eissa H. A. , Helmy S. A. , Ramadan M.T. , Aboelhaggag R. M.
Published: August 2022

The effect of the UV-C treatment on the physico-chemical characteristics, pectin methylesterase activity (PME) as well as microbial quality of orange juice, compared to fresh juice, was studied. The juice samples were UV-C (254 nm) irradiated for different exposure times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) and stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 30 days. UV-C treatment didn’t significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) affect pH values, titratable acidity, TSS (%), ascorbic acid content and PME activity in both fresh and stored samples. Increasing the exposure time from 5 to 60 min. showed no significant effect ( p ≤ 0.05) on L* and a* values for both the fresh and the stored samples. On the contrary, negative relationship was observed between UV-C exposure time and b* values. Total bacterial counts were significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) reduced from 2.69 to 0.93 log10 CFU/mL when the exposure time was increased from 0 to 60 min. The UV-C treatment showed similar trend on yeast and mold counts but to a lesser extend due to their resistance to UV. The sensory characteristics, i.e. odour, colour, taste, consistency and overall acceptability didn’t change ( p ≤ 0.05) as a result of UV-C treatment at any tested exposure times.
Friction and wear behaviors of HXLPE, PEEK and CoCrMo against articular cartilage under cross-shear motion
Authors: Lu Weiping , Cui Wen , Zhang Xiaogang , Zhang Yali , Yang Shu , Pu Jian , Li Junyan , Jin Zhongmin
Published: August 2022

The friction and wear behaviors of cartilage replacement materials against articular cartilage are considered essential characteristics that determine the function and performance of the replacement. Previous studies have often been conducted under a reciprocal linear motion, while a cross-shear motion has been shown to widely exist in joints. The difference resulting between cross-shear motion and reciprocal linear motion, and the effect of bearing surface roughness on the frictional and wear behaviors of cartilage should be further investigated. In this study, experimental tribology investigations were conducted under the cross-shear motion for articular cartilage against commonly used three replacement materials, including high cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and cobalt-chromium molybdenum alloy (CoCrMo). The experimental results showed that there was no significant difference in friction and wear behavior between cross-shear and reciprocal linear motion. For the implants with low surface roughness, the water contact angle of the bearing surface affected the friction and wear behaviors of the cartilage, while for the implants with high rough surfaces, the surface roughness of the material affected the friction and wear behaviors of the cartilage. The damage of cartilage under cross-shear motion mainly consisted of deformations and accumulations. This phenomenon was especially evident at high roughness. Of the three bearing materials considered, PEEK was more suitable for osteochondral implants.