bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEGUMMING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PALM FIBERS
Authors:   College of Textiles Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China, FAN FANGWEI , ZHU MENGTING ,   College of Textiles Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China, YANG YINZHI ,   College of Textiles Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China, FANG KAIYANG ,   College of Textiles Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China, CAO XINWANG ,   College of Textiles Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China, DENG ZHONGMIN ,   College of Textiles Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China, KE WEI ,   College of Textiles Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China, XIE JINPENG ,   College of Textiles Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China, ZHANG ZHEN ,   College of Textiles Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China, CHEN YIREN ,   College of Textiles Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
Published: March 2022

Palm fiber is an abundantly available, low-cost fibrous material that is not sufficiently valorized through the development of value-added products. Herein, palm fibers were degummed by acid treatment combined with alkali-peroxide bath. To explore the influence of various factors on the degumming results, the efficiency of degumming was assessed through single factor and orthogonal experiments. The optimal scheme for the preparation of palm fibers was obtained: the samples were pretreated with 0.06% sulfuric acid solution in an 80 °C water bath for 30 min, then treated with 20.0 g/L of NaOH, 40 mL/L of H2O2 and 2% Na2SiO3 for 2.5 h in a 95 °C water bath. The optimal degumming rate was 65.50%. The results showed that, after degumming, impurities, such as hemicelluloses and lignin, were basically removed, the main component of the fiber after degumming was cellulose. The crystallinity and thermal stability were improved, which was beneficial for the further development and utilization of the palm fiber.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) PRINTING BASED ON CELLULOSIC MATERIAL: A REVIEW
Authors:   National Research Centre, Cellulose and Paper Department, Dokki 12622, Egypt, DIAB MOHAMED A. , EL-SAKHAWY MOHAMED ,   National Research Centre, Cellulose and Paper Department, Dokki 12622, Egypt
Published: March 2022

"During the last few years, the resources for additive manufacturing (AM) advancements have changed rapidly to meet the market demands. Nonetheless, the need for natural composites with enhanced mechanical properties and thermal decomposition in additive manufacturing is not yet widely established. With the growing number of research carried out recently in this field, the production of natural composites for AM materials is becoming increasingly important, due to their thermal performance and biocompatibility. Cellulose is the major biopolymer that has several desirable properties, which have stirred attention to be integrated into AM products. 3D printing techniques have been discussed with special attention to the extrusion method. The advancements in three-dimensional (3D) cellulose-based material printing, and its applications are discussed in this review."
A FACILE WAY TO PREPARE A SPONGE/CELLULOSE FIBER COMPOSITE AND ITS APPLICATION IN OIL/WATER SEPARATION
Authors:   State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310014, China, CUI YABING , WU XING ,   MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, FENG JIA ,   State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310014, China, LI ZHIGUO ,   State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310014, China, ZHOU GUOWEI ,   State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310014, China, CAI YIMING ,   MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, LV WEIYANG ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China, DU MIAO ,   MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Published: March 2022

Developing efficient filtering materials, with both high permeation flux and rejection, by a low-cost and facile way, for oil/water separation has been the goal that mankind pursues. In this paper, we report a porous poly(melamine formaldehyde) (PMF) sponge with superwettability and controlled pore size obtained simply, by introducing hydrophilic fibers, i.e. cellulose fibers. Driven by concentration or pressure difference, the fibers diffuse into the sponge body, and the pore size of the sponge can be regulated by changing only the fiber content. These hydrophilic fibers endow the sponge with inherent superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity. The resulting modified sponges, with varied pore sizes, can effectively separate a wide range of oil/water mixtures (including layered oil/water mixtures, surfactant-free oil/water emulsion and the surfactant-stabilized emulsion) solely by gravity, with high permeation flux and satisfactory oil rejection. It is expected that such a facile way will provide a low-cost and easily scaled-up method to construct a series of filtering materials for highly efficient separation of target oil/water mixtures.
PRODUCTION OF BACTERIAL LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYMES AND THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN DECOLORIZATION OF DYES
Authors:   ", KAUR LOVEPREET ,   Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India", GULERIA SHARMA SHIWANI ,   Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India
Published: March 2022

Lignin is a complex, three-dimensional aromatic polymer, consisting of dimethoxylated, monomethoxylated and non-methoxylated phenylpropanoid subunits, and is recalcitrant in nature. In this study, the isolation of lignin degrading bacteria was carried out from decaying wood samples. Ligninolytic activity was evaluated by growing bacterial isolates on lignin monomers and by the degradation of indicator dyes. Out of 16, the bacterial isolates L8, L12, L13 and L15 exhibited growth on monomers viz., vanillin, veratryl alcohol, phenol, guaiacol and lignin, with efficient dye decolourization. Further, the production of ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese) was estimated for the 4 selected bacterial isolates. The maximum enzymatic activity response was noted in the case of isolate L15, with the best growth on every lignin monomer.
DAMPAK PSIKOLOGIS PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI DI MIN 1 SUMENEP
Authors: Aisyah Siti
Published: March 2022

The author examines the psychological impact of online learning during the pandemic. Psychology is the study of attitudes. The application of online learning in education, especially among students, has an impact on students' psychology. As a long-term result, students have a lack of social interaction with the surrounding environment, it reduced learning effectiveness, and students could easily feel bored. Online learning is a learning system that is carried out without meeting face to face. Online systems use media and technology that can connect one person to another remotely. The online learning system has been implemented since the pandemic. One of the schools that implements online learning is MIN 1 Sumenep. MIN 1 Sumenep School applies online learning using media such as Whatsapp, Zoom Meeting, and or other applications. In this study, the author uses a qualitative research method in which the instrument is the researcher herself. Therefore, the researcher, as an instrument, must be prepared her objectiveness how far the researchers are ready to carry out research before goes to the field. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis uses descriptive analysis method or in other words describes a picture of the object under study through the data or samples that have been collected. The data analysis process begins by examining all available data from various sources.

Key words: Psychology of learning, online learning, education, pandemic, impact.
Trinuclear Schiff Base Complexes Containing P-Phenylene Diamine, 2, 3-Pentanedione and 3-Aminocoumarin Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, DNA Cleavage and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, V.S.B Engineering College, Karur, Tamilnadu, India., Sivakumar* Kuttiyapillai , Chandrasekaran Dr. Venkatachalam ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (A) , Salem Tamilnadu, India.
Published: March 2022

Trinuclear Schiff base complexes were synthesized by using p-phenylene diamine, 2,3-pentanedione and 3-aminocoumarin and Cu (II), Ni (II), Mn (II), Zn(II) and Cr(III) chloride salts. The category of compound was [M3LCl6]. All trinuclear compounds were analyzed by C, H&N analysis and spectral studies. Mechanism of thermal analysis of trinuclear Schiff base metal complexes was studied. The electrophoresis data confirmed that Schiff base compounds cleaved DNA with Hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, the antibacterial action was tested by disc diffusion method. The efficiency of compounds was assessed against selected microbes. The result of minimum inhibitory concentration confirmed that trinuclear Schiff base metal compounds have got more efficiency.
Breast implant imaging by ultrasound and MRI (Magnetic Resonance imaging)
Authors: Aldoury Rasha Saad Mahmood
Published: March 2022

This proportion of females who get breast augmentation is rapidly expanding. Like a result, a radiologist's knowledge of the typical or aberrant radiological presentations of prevalent breast implants is critical. Mammography, Ultrasonography, or MRI are used to assess implant durability, identify disorders of the device as well as its accompanying capsules, and diagnose mammary diseases unconnected to implantation. Through its great accuracy or precision for identifying implant disintegration, magnetic resonance imaging of silicone breast augmentation is the best trustworthy method for determining prosthetic health. An ultimate goal of scanning breast implants, regardless of the computed tomography utilized, is to offer meaningful information regarding implantation viability, identify implantation malfunctions, or diagnose breast diseases unconnected to the augmentations, like cancers.
THE ROLE OF THE SUFFIX IN THE PROCESS OF SYNTHESIS OF THE MORPHONOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF A WORD IN RUSSIAN WORD FORMATION (on the basis of nouns)
Authors: Im Svetlana
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study is to describe the morphonological rules for choosing the allomorph of the suffix -ost (-is), to study its role in the formation of the morphonological image of the derived word. The description of abstract feminine nouns with the suffix -ost (-is) made it possible to find out the following dependence: first, the morphonological characteristics of the stressed and alternations predict the allomorph of the suffix (a specific manifestation of the word-forming suffix), and the allomorph determines the stress and consonant outcome of the stem of the derived word. A certain hierarchy of morphonological units that determine the synthesis of the sound structure of the studied derivatives is revealed. It consists of a set of morphonemes of stress, alternation of phonemes and alternation of allomorphs. The suffix in its function turned out to be equivalent to stress and alternation of phonemes indicating the fusional nature of the studied class of words, which refutes the traditional point of view ascribing dominance over stress and alternation to the suffix.
The results of the study, in particular, the significance of the suffix in the description of the theoretical foundations for describing the morphonological phenomena of the Russian language, as well as the model of the morphonological description of Russian word formation itself, make a certain contribution to the development of morphonology as an independent science.
The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the findings and materials of the study can be used in compiling special morphonological dictionaries.
Synergy between 6G and AI: Open Future Horizons and Impending Security Risks
Authors: Yaacoub Elias
Published: March 2022

This paper
investigates the synergy between 6G and AI. It argues that they can unlock
future horizons, by discussing how they can address future challenges in
healthcare, transportation, virtual reality, education, resource management,
robotics, in addition to public safety and warfare. However, these great opportunities
come also with greater risk. Therefore, the paper provides an overview of the
security risks and challenges, along with possible mitigation techniques.
Foot2hip: A deep neural network model for predicting lower limb kinematics from foot measurements
Authors: Bajpai Rishabh , Joshi Deepak
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aims to develop a neural network (foot2hip) for long-term recording of gait kinematics with improved user comfort. Methods: Foot2hip predicts ankle, knee, and hip joint angle profiles in the sagittal plane using foot kinematics and kinetics during walking. Foot2hip consists of three convolution, two max-pooling, two LSTM and three dense layers. An indigenously developed insole and an outsole were used to measure the kinetics and kinematics of the foot, respectively. Seven healthy participants were recruited to follow an experimental protocol consisting of six walking conditions: slow, medium, fast walking speed, rearfoot, flatfoot, and forefoot landing pattern. Results: When tested for leave-one-out and nested cross-validation, foot2hip obtained 3.04° ±0.20 RMSE and 0.97±0.01 correlation coefficient for knee joint, 1.7°± 0.09 RMSE and 0.95±0.01 correlation coefficient for hip joint, and 1.32°±0.08 RMSE and 0.91±0.02 correlation coefficient for ankle joint (averaged across all folds). Conclusion: The prediction performance of foot2hip is encouraging and shows its applicability in accurately predicting lower limb kinematics with minimal wearables. Significance: The hardware used along with foot2hip is low cost ($268 + N× $35, N is the number of different foot sizes), comfortable, and easy to use. Therefore, it is suitable for most clinical and personal applications
The social lives of young children. Play, conflict and moral learning in day-care groups
Authors: Singer Elly , de Haan Dorian
Published: March 2022

The social lives of young children gives a vivid picture of young childrens lives in daycare groups. How do they make friends and how do they develop a sense of togetherness? The clashes and frictions between pre-schoolers reveal the social questions they are grappling with - and these often look surprisingly like those of adults. For example, the question of the newcomer to a group, who very rapidly learns the unwritten rules through the negative feedback from the children. Then there are the playthings that in the hands of other children seem so much more attractive than what they have themselves. Or the desire to play undisturbed, without being bothered by other children. In the discussion of these social questions, attention is always given to the teacher or carer. How can they help children to learn basic social values, rules and skills through play? The book contains numerous descriptions of childrens interactions, richly illustrated with photographs and analysed with the help of new psychological insights. The authors have years of experience in scientific research and in the development of training programmes for teachers in child-care.
Effect of Circuit Training Combined with Speed Agility Quickness Drills and Jump Rope Drills on Upperbody Muscular Endurance
Authors: Raj Dr. S. Lourdu , Maniazhagu Dr. D.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of study was to find out the effect of two modes of circuit training on muscular endurance in term of upper body of school boys. To achieve the purpose of the study, thirty school boys from different schools from of Alagappa Sports Foundation at Karaikudi, were selected as subject at random. Their age group range between 11 to 14 years. The study was formulated as pre and post test random group design, in which thirty subject were divided into three equal groups. The experimental group-1 (n=10, CT-SAD) underwent circuit training combined with speed agility quickness drills, the experimental group-2 (n=10, CT-JRD) underwent through circuit training combined with Jump Rope Drills and group 3 served as a control group (n=10, CG) did not undergo any specific training. In this study, two training programme were adopted as independent variable, i.e., circuit training combined with speed agility quickens and circuit training combined with jump rope drills. The physical fitness variable muscular endurance in term of upper body was selected as dependent variable. It was measured by push-up measured in counts. The selected two treatment groups namely circuit training combined with speed agility quickens drills and circuit training combined with jump rope drills were performed five days in a week for the period of six weeks, as per the stipulated training program. The muscular endurance in term of upper body was collected before and after the training period. The collected pre and post test data was critically analyzed with apt statistical tool of analysis of co-variance, for observed the significant adjusted post-test mean difference of three groups. The Scheffe’s post hoc test was used to find out pair-wise comparisons between groups. To test the hypothesis 0.05 level of significant was fixed. The performance of the muscular endurance in term of upper body is similar in circuit training combined with the jump rope drills and the circuit training combined with speed agility and quickness drills.
Animal Models of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Nisa Zaib-ul- , Naureen Irum , Saleem Aisha , Naeem Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Atherosclerotic heart disease due to the accumulation of large amount of lipids present in the blood vessels of arteries. Many animal models have been developed to study atherosclerosis, and allow for careful control of experimental conditions, food and environmental risk factors. Experimental animal models of atherosclerosis have become a valuable tool for providing information on the etiology, pathophysiology, and the mechanism of action of various drugs and compounds used in the treatment and complications of the disease. Compared to human models, the animal model is more easily manageable, as the combined effects of dietary and environmental factors can be controlled. Different models have their own advantages and disadvantages.
From General English to General Academic English：Challenges and Strategies for College English Teachers in China
Authors: An Guoping
Published: March 2022

With the popularity of international communication and cooperation, the transformation from general English to general academic English has become an inevitable trend in college English teaching in China. The transformation poses challenges for college English teachers, including the lack of interdisciplinary knowledge, limited general academic English teaching ability and evaluation ability. Accordingly, various measures can be taken to deal with the challenges, such as expanding the interdisciplinary knowledge, establishing the teaching community and reforming the evaluation means. These strategies are intended to construct the harmonious education ecology in college to promote the transformation and development of college English teachers.
Evaluation of the Structural Response of Reinforced Concrete Beams Produced with River Gravel as Coarse Aggregate in Building Construction
Authors: A John TrustGod , Ebiowei Ebieride , T Osoru Gordin
Published: March 2022

An increase in demand for concrete to meet global needs has been accompanied by an increase in global concerns due to an increase in demand for the non-renewable resources that are and comprise the constituents of concrete. To address these concerns and mitigate the impact of their depletion, researchers have investigated the intrinsic properties of a wide range of available materials and assessed their contribution when mixed with concrete. This paper presents the findings of an experimental study that was carried out to assess the structural response of concrete beams made with river gravel as coarse aggregate. Six reinforced beams (100 x 150 x 1100 mm) and six cubes were cast to investigate the specimens' flexural and compressive behavior. The failure modes, bending, and shear capacity were investigated in this study. According to the findings of the study, river gravel used as coarse aggregate in concrete has a roughly equivalent or slightly lower structural performance than conventional coarse aggregate, indicating the feasibility of river gravel as coarse aggregate for building construction.
A Study on Prescribing Pattern, Indications and Rationality of Restricted Antibiotic Use in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jose Jaime Elizabeth , Reji Sneha C. , Sunny Ashly , Upendran Binu , R Lakshmi
Published: March 2022

Background: Antibiotic stewardship aims to optimise restricted antibiotic use and thereby prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance and improve treatment outcome. Resistance to conventional antimicrobial’s is a major reason why restricted antibiotics are prescribed. Aim: To assess the prescribing pattern of restricted antibiotics, the indications for which restricted antibiotics were prescribed, the drug related problems associated and the sensitivity pattern of the isolated organisms. Results: Out of 340 patients included in the study, majority of patients was in the age group of 58-67(60.06 ±14.90) in both genders. There was a male (64.12%) dominance observed in the study populace and the minimum and maximum age observed was 18 and 93 years respectively. Most commonly prescribed antibiotic was Piperacillin tazobactum (31%) followed by Linezolid (16.06%). Empirically the most prescribed antibiotic was Piperacillin tazobactum (27.37%) while in definitive therapy it was Cefepime tazobactum (10.63%). The most common indication for which restricted antibiotics prescribed were for respiratory tract infection (n=116), followed by infection prophylaxis (n=114). Mean days of restricted antibiotic therapy was found to be 8.85 days ± 8.11. The maximum duration of antibiotic treatment was 62 days and minimum was 1 day. In 47% of cases IV to oral conversion was possible. When analysed retrospectively, in majority of the patients the duration of restricted antibiotic treatment was inappropriate (69.71%) while the inappropriateness in frequency and dose were 7.05% and 3.23% respectively. The total number of cultures collected were 292 in that 120 cultures were urine and found growth in 50.83%, followed by 84 cultures in sputum which accounted for 67.85% growth. The most common organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae 39.73% cases followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17.46% and Acinetobacter baumannii15.41. There was clinical cure in 91.47% of cases. Conclusion: When analysed retrospectively majority of the restricted antibiotics showed inappropriateness. This higher amount of inappropriateness could have been avoided to a certain extent, by the timely interventions of a clinical pharmacist. By implementing an effective antimicrobial stewardship program we could improve the rational use of restricted antibiotics and thereby prevent the future resistance and improve clinical outcome.
IMPACT OF URBAN SPRAWL IN WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT: NEED ACTIONS REQUIRED MANAGING IN ALMORA TOWN
Authors: D. S. Parihar  , Mahendra Singh  , Deepak
Published: March 2022

Urban sprawl, also called suburban sprawl, the rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns and urban sprawl is caused in part by the need to accommodate a rising urban population. Almora is one newly sprawl town in the hilly region of Uttarakhand and due to newly sprawl town Almora facing many kind of waste disposal problems. According to censes year 2011 Almora town has 11 wards (total population 33755) and 14 villages (total population 14547) are situated near town sprawl border. There is 49 most waste disposal site in all 11 wards at Almora town but 25 waste disposal location are found without dustbin and wastage are over spread to the ground. The town wastage dumping zone is not a right place, which is outside the town but this is very harmful for environment and as well as human being who want to enter the town. A detailed field investigation was conducted in the study area to find out the cause of town sprawl, waste disposal, origin of wastage sources and need actions required to manage in Almora town of Kumaun Himalaya. Based on this study a detailed mitigation strategy has been worked out which may be useful for the government for management impact of urban sprawl in waste disposal in future.
KEY WORD: Urban Sprawl, Waste Disposal, Wastage Sources, Actions Required, Almora
IMPACT OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION ON PROTHROMBOGENIC POTENTIAL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Authors: Zaikina Tetiana , Minukhina Diana , Titova Ganna , Rynchak Petro , Lantukhova Natalia
Published: March 2022

The aim: Aim of study is to assess the influence of urgent reperfusion strategy on the levels of vWf, PAI-1 and sCD40L in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2).
Materials and methods: 255 patients with acute myocardial infarction took part in the study, they were divided into four groups depending on the presence of concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2 and performed treatment: I group – 83 diabetic patients who were underwent urgent reperfusion therapy; II group – 60 diabetic patients who received standard anticoagulant therapy; III group – 65 non-diabetic patients who were underwent urgent reperfusion therapy; IV group – 47 non-diabetic patients who received standard anticoagulant therapy. The levels of von Willebrand factor, PAI-1 and sCD40L were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical data were processed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test, quantitative variables were described by the following parameters: median (Me), 25th and 75th percentiles (Q1; Q3).
Results: According to obtained data, we can conclude that patients with acute myocardial infarction and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus have higher levels of von Willebrand factor, PAI-1 and sCD40L compared to non-diabetic patients with AMI, which leads to the increasing of the platelets adhesion and aggregation and decreasing of fibrinolysis.
Conclusions: Urgent restoration of blood supply in occluded artery contributed to a statistically significant reduction in levels of von Willebrand factor, PAI-1 and sCD40L levels in both diabetics and non-diabetic patients, reducing the risk of thromboembolic complications and thus improving the prognosis.
AGE FEATURES OF DECIDUOUS TEETH CARIES PARAMETERS IN 3-6 YEARS OLD AGED CHILDREN
Authors: Kaskova Liudmyla F. , Sadovski Marina O.
Published: March 2022

The aim: Estimation of caries prevalence and intensity, determination for treatment necessity of deciduous teeth in 3-6 years old aged children from Poltava region for further effective development of programs for caries and its complications prevention.
Materials and methods: Totally 335 children from 3 to 6 years old of preschool institutions of Poltava and Poltava region aged were examined with the signed accordance of their parents. All children were examined for the prevalence (%) and intensity of caries of deciduous teeth by the Decay Extracted Filling index (DEF index). Quantitative parameters were processed by standard statistic methods. The calculation of the highest caries intensity (Significant Index of Caries) was performed according to the D. Bratthol`s method. The level of dental aid (LDA) was assessed by the DEF index according to P.A. Leus recommendations. Treatment necessity of children was also determined.
Results: The research in caries prevalence of deciduous teeth of revealed that the number of children with caries increases with their age. The most significant parameter growth is observed at the age of 4 to 5 years. Carious lesions intensity increases at the age from 4 to 5 and from 5 to 6 years most significantly.
Conclusions: The most common indicator in all studied groups was a D-parameter, which indicates low parents awareness about deciduous teeth treatment necessity. That case confirms low level of dental aid (14%) and significant treatment need which is 50.7 %. Affection of molars always exceeds the affection of other groups of teeth. We did not find a significant difference in caries distribution among children of different genders. The obtained results encourage realization of sanitary and educational propagation on the awareness of parents on dental healthcare of their children.
GENDER FEATURES OF DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF THE LUNG CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Belov Oleksandr O. , Dronenko Volodymyr G. , Rybinska Valeriia A. , Tkach Andrii A. , Shevchuk Taras V.
Published: March 2022

The aim: To examine the features of depressive and anxiety phenomenology in lung cancer, taking into account the gender factor.
Materials and methods: 112 patients with a primary diagnosis of stage II and III lung cancer were clinically and psychologically examined using HDRS, HARS, BDI, C. Spilberger’s Reactive and Personality Anxiety Scale.
Results: It was found that the core affective psychopathological symptoms of patients with lung cancer are manifestations of depression (96.3% of men, 96.8% of women (p> 0.05), 96.4% together) and anxiety (77.8% , 93.5% (p<0.05) and 82.1%) in combination with asthenic-neurotic (67.9%, 61.3% (p> 0.05) and 66.1%) and affective labile (54.3%, 61.3% (p> 0.05) and 56.2%) manifestations; additional symptoms are apathetic (25.9%, 9.7% (p<0.05) and 21.4%), obsessive (19.8%, 38.7% (p<0.05) and 25.0%) and dysphoric (23.5%, 6.5% (p<0.05) and 18.7%) manifestations. The severity of depressive and anxiety of women is higher than of men; the severity of depressive-anxiety manifestations corresponds to a moderate level: depression by HDRS - 11.6±1.7 points, 15.6±6.3 points (p<0.05) and 12.7±4.0 points; BDI depression – 15.7±6.3 points, 23.7±13.9 points (p<0.05) and 17.9±9.7 points; HARS anxiety - 9.3±2.8 points, 11.5±3.7 points (p<0.05) and 9.9±3.2 points, and reactive anxiety - 44.4±11.1 points, 47.9±15.5 points (p<0.05) and 45.4±12.5 points. The identified differences can be explained by different gender models of psychological response.
Conclusions: The core affective symptoms of patients with lung cancer are manifestations of depression and anxiety in combination with asthenic-neurotic and affective-labile manifestations; additional are apathetic, obsessive and dysphoric manifestations.
PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE REALIZATION IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Pasiieshvili Tamara M. , Bocharova Tetiana V. , Zhelezniakova Natalia M. , Pasiyeshvili Lyudmila M.
Published: March 2022

The aim: To evaluate the pathomorphological features of the esophageal mucous membrane in young people with GERD and autoimmune thyroiditis.
Materials and methods: 120 patients with GERD and AIT and 45 people with isolated GERD matched for age, gender and social status were examined. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, histological study and comparative morphometry of the esophageal mucosa were performed.
Results: The frequency of erosive GERD in the examined groups of patients did not statistically differ. At the same time, integral analysis of the structure of erosive forms of GERD revealed statistically significant redistribution of grades of esophagitis towards its enhancement in patients with comorbid pathology. The histological study showed that in patients with GERD and AIT all the morphometric parameters studied had a significantly more severe course and exceeded similar indicators of the group with isolated GERD: epithelium total thickness, epithelium basal layer thickness, connective tissue papillae height, intercellular space. The analysis of morphological changes frequency showed that epithelium basal layer hyperplasia, dystrophic changes and epithelial edema, elongation of papillae and dilation of intercellular space were significantly more frequent in the group with comorbid pathology.
Conclusions: GERD and euthyroid AIT comorbidity in the student population is accompanied by a statistically significant redistribution of esophagitis grades towards its aggravation. The presence of concomitant euthyroid AIT in patients with non-erosive GERD leads to statistically more pronounced disorganization of esophageal mucosal epithelium.
ANTIBODIES TO MICROBIAL ANTIGENS AND CYTOKINES IN THE CELLS OF THE PALATINE TONSILS AND SERUM OF CHILDREN WITH PALATINE TONSILS HYPERTROPHY AND CHRONIC TONSILLITIS
Authors: Bredun Oleksandr , Kosakivska Ilona
Published: March 2022

The aim: The aim of the study is to compare the class G antibody content in serum and tissue lysate from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis to: streptolysin–O of Str. haemolyticus, protein–A of S. aureus, proteoglycans of Klebsiela spp., as well as to compare the content of interleukins 1β, 10, TNF-α, γ-IFN and lactoferrin in serum and tissue lysate from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis.
Materials and methods: We studied tonsils of 33 children aged 4-18 years with hypertrophy of palatine tonsils (HPT) and with chronic tonsillitis (CT). The content of interleukins 1β, 10, TNF-α, γ-IFN and lactoferrin in tonsil lysate and serum was determined by immunofluorescence assay. Antistreptolysin O was studied by neutralization test of micromethod; class G antibodies to protein A of S. aureus and proteoglycans of Klebsiela spp. were studied by treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay. All the results were statistically processed using U-test (Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test) and Fisher’s z-transformation.
Results: The serum and tissue lysate from tonsils of patients with HPT showed significantly high level of antibodies to streptolysin O in comparison with similar studies of substrates from patients with CT. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was detected only in the serum of patients with CT. The TNF-α concentration in the lysates of tonsils in the group of patients with HPT was 2 times higher than in the group of patients with CT. The γ-IFN concentration was significantly lower both in the serum and in the lysates of tonsils of patients with CT. The content of lactoferrin in the lysates of patients with CT was 3 times higher (P<0.05) than in the lysates of patients with HPT.
Conclusions: The results indicate a significant difference in the state of antibodies to microbial antigens and cytokines production in case of HPT and CT. In tonsils with HPT, there predominate reactions of antibody production to bacterial antigens and antiviral reactions like a high-level cytokines TNF-α and γ-IFN in tissue lysate of palatine tonsils.
Parametric study of the factors affecting the structural performance of braced domes subjected to gravity loads
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, Al-Huthaifi Nasser , Abu-Farsakh Ghazi ,   Civil Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, Tufail Rana Faisal ,   Civil Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Pakistan
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, single-layer braced domes are widely used by architects and engineers. The strength, economy, and fast installation were the main reasons for spreading this system around the world. The architectural design constraints of a dome impose structural challenges for the design engineer, especially when the span is large, with a small aspect-ratio or heavy design loads. Therefore, the structural engineer looks for different methods to strengthen the single-layer braced dome. This paper studied three different methods for improving the structural performance of the single-layer braced dome, including the grid-density, the member geometry (size), and the bracing systems with double-layer. A total of 96 finite element models were analyzed and designed using SAP2000 commercial software. Four main types of braced domes were studied, including Schwedler, Ribbed, Geodesic, and Kiewit-6. Two different types of joint connections were modeled (i.e., rigidly-connected and pin-connected). In addition, all models were pin-supported at the bottom ring and subjected to static gravity load only.The results indicated that the joint rigidity had a significant impact on the linear buckling load and a minor effect on the maximum displacement and internal forces. Furthermore, it was found that the increase in grid-density, enlarging member size, or using bracing systems significantly improved the structural performance, but at the expense of increasing the of a single-layer brace dome 's weight.
Numerical study on influence of titling position and density extremum on convection in a porous cavity with sinusoidal heating
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, S Sivasankaran , M Bhuvaneswari ,   Department of Mathematics, Kongunadu Polytechnic College, D.Gudalure, Tamilnadu, India, A.K. Alzahrani ,   Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Published: March 2022

The aspiration of the present problem is to investigate numerically the 2D unsteady buoyancy convection of cold water near its highest density value in an inclined square porous enclosed space. Left sidewall temperature varies in sinusoidal manner whereas the opposing right sidewall is sustained with constant lower temperature. The walls along x axis and parallel to x axis are kept in adiabatic condition. The range of angle of inclination is considered from 0 degree to 90 degree. The finite volume method (FVM) was applied to portray all mathematical equations. The special outcome of inclination angle, Darcy number, maximum density parameter and porosity are obtained in the present study with the use of Brinkmann–Forchheimer extended Darcy model. The change in the angle of inclination is noteworthy in the structure and direction of the flow of the fluid. The bicellular structure of the fluid is identified because of the higher density effect.
Performance and emissions characteristics of n-pentanol mixed with premium motor spirit and camphor blend in spark ignition engine
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia, Mahroogi Faisal Omar , M.U Kaisan ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna  State, 810107, Nigeria., Ameh Ameh David ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna  State, 810107, Nigeria., abubakar Shitu ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna  State, 810107, Nigeria., S. Narayan ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna  State, 810107, Nigeria., Ibrahim Ibrahim Umar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna  State, 810107, Nigeria.
Published: March 2022

In this work, pentanol and camphor blended with petrol in different proportions were used on spark-ignition engines to evaluate their performance, characteristics, and emissions. Sample P0A (gasoline) showed the best specific fuel consumption for the lower torque (3Nm) with a value of 19.2Kg/kWh, and sample P0B (100% of pure gasoline and 5% camphor) had the best fuel consumption for the higher torque (6Nm) with a value of 12.9Kg/Kwh. For brake thermal efficiency, sample P0B gives the best brake thermal efficiency at the two-constant torque with a value of 0.34 for torque 3Nm and 0.65 for torque 6Nm respectively. Sample P15A (85% of gasoline and 15% of pentanol) gives the best BMEP at torque 3Nm with a value of 1.97bar and sample P5C (95% of gasoline and15% of pentanol) gives the best BMEP at 6Nm with a value of 3.87 bar.
Word Segmentation by Component Tracing and Association (CTA) Technique
Authors:   Electronics and Communication Dept, Delhi Technological University, India. Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana  Road, Delhi 11004, Omayio Enock Osoro , Sreedevi Indu ,   Electronics and Communication Dept, Delhi Technological University, India. Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana  Road, Delhi 11004, Panda Jeebananda ,   Electronics and Communication Dept, Delhi Technological University, India. Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana  Road, Delhi 11004
Published: March 2022

Word-level segmentation is a very important step in many document analysis systems. This is because word is the most important unit in any language systems. Word segmentation of handwritten documents is a very challenging task due to cursive nature of handwriting, overlap, touching and crossing of adjacent words, non-straight baselines, and cluttering among many others. Of these challenges, crossing is the most difficult challenge to deal with. This paper proposes a novel offline word-level segmentation technique for handwritten documents that addresses the challenges of touching and crossing of words. The main contribution of the paper is junction branch association (JBA) method that specifically handles touching and crossing words where many other proposed methods fail. The proposed method has been evaluated with ICDAR2009 and ICDAR2013 benchmark datasets of handwritten scripts. Also, crossing words extracted from FireMaker dataset of handwritten documents have been used to specifically evaluate performance of JBA method in segmenting crossing words.
Investigation of Seismic Vulnerability of Reinforced Concrete Frames Equipped with Steel Plate Shear Walls
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Central Administration of Semnan University, Semnan  University, Semnan, 3513119111, Islamic Republic of Iran., Rouhi Hamze , Gholhaki Majid ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Central Administration of Semnan University, Semnan  University, Semnan, 3513119111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Published: March 2022

There are various methods in order to assessing the seismic vulnerability of buildings that vary in cost and accuracy. In this regard, fragility curves, which consider the probability of structural damage as a function of ground motion characteristics and design parameters, are more common. These curves express the probability of the structural response exceeding the functional limit at different seismic intensities. The FEMA-P695 analytical method evaluates the existing uncertaintiesin assessing the seismic behavior of structures using collapse fragility curves. In this research, the seismic vulnerability of a relatively new system of reinforced concrete frames (RCF) equipped with steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is evaluated using this method. Relationships and criteria proposed by FEMA-P695 are investigated employing four models with 4, 8, 12, and 24 stories subjected to the records proposed by the FEMA-P695. According to the results of this study and evaluation of effective parameters in the assessment of collapse safety margin, the RCF equipped with SPSW shows acceptable performance against earthquake and maximum earthquake probability.
Ant Colony Optimization based Optimal Tuning of Fractional Order (FO) PID Controller for controlling the Speed of a DC Motor
Authors:   Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Amity University Haryana,  Gurugram, 122413, India., Gupta Neeraj , Kaur Manjeet ,   Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Amity University Haryana,  Gurugram, 122413, India., Gupta Rashmi ,   Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Amity University Haryana,  Gurugram, 122413, India.
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with the use of a FOPID Controller for the direct current motor speed controlling process. FOPID Controller consists of fractional integral-derivative terms along with the integer order proportional terms. It is a specific controller in which orders of derivative and integral lie in between fractions of 0 and 1. Mathematical model of DC motor and controller is presented whose field has been excited by an external source. In this paper, the simulation part of a DC motor for controlling its speed using a FOPID Controller has been performed. There are five degrees of freedom in FOPID controller contrary to traditional PID controller which have only three. The values of the five parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd, λ, μ) of a FOPID Controller have been improved by reducing the ITAE (Integral Time Absolute Error) cost to best possible value using the ACO i.e. Ant Colony Optimization Technique. The closed loop ZNT (Ziegler-Nichols Tuning) method used for the tuning of DC motor. Simulink model of proposed system has been developed and simulated to find out the minimum cost. The intensification in the steady and transient behaviors of the system. The results also exhibit significant improvement in the rise time, settling time and peak overshoot as compared to the other optimization methods.
Content Analysis of Statistical Power in Educational Technology Research: Sample Size Matters
Authors: Chen Li-Ting , Liu Leping
Published: March 2022

In educational technology research, most studies are conducted to explore the effectiveness of using technology to improve teaching and learning. Priori power analysis enables researchers to determine sufficient sample size for achieving adequate statistical power during research planning. Observed power analysis is carried out on completed studies to estimate statistical power. While priori power analysis is recommended for sample size estimation, observed power analysis has been criticized for being incorrect and misleading. To understand current practices of power analysis in the field, we conducted a content analysis on five years’ publications in Educational Technology Research and Development from 2014 to 2018, a total of 178 articles. Our findings showed that only two articles (1.1%) reported a priori power analysis and seven articles (4.0%) reported observed power although it is not recommended. To facilitate sample size determination during research planning, we generated sample size tables for various t tests and ANOVAs from G*Power. Best practice recommendations to conduct and report educational technology research are provided.
Difffferential Diagnosis of Extraskeletal Accumulation of Osteotropic Radiopharmaceutical in Patient with Prostate Cancer with Suspected Ischial Bone Lesions by SPECT/CT
Authors: Prokhorov S. N. , Krylov А. S. , Kochergina N. V. , Ryzhkov A. D. , Bludov A. B. , Kaspshik S. M. , Svetlyakova A. V.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To show the additional clinical importance of SPECT/CT method in the complex diagnosis of skeletal system.Material and methods: Patient: male, 75 years. Medical history: At the beginning of July 2021 the patient noticed the presence of blood in urine, and after that he seeked medical assistance from urologist. During medical check up — suspicion on prostate tumor. 09.07.21 PSA > 100 ng/ml. The patient was directed to N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology for further examination and treatment. Whole body bone scan revealed multiple foci of increased activities of the radiopharmaceutical in the lumbar spine, sacral vertebrae and in the projection of groin and scrotum. After bone scan, SPECT/CT was performed. Metastatic lesions of bone tissue were not confirmed, however, an inguinal scrotal hernia and a nodus in the pelvic cavity (probably of a metastatic) were detected.Conclusion: The use of SPECT/CT made it possible to detect additional changes in the study area. Information about the presence of an inguinal hernia will help prevent complications.