bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APRENDIZAGEM VERSUS ENSINO: FALSA OPOSIÇÃO OU UMA NOVA DIDÁTICA PRÉ-ESCOLAR?
Authors: Barbosa Eliza Maria , Silva Janaina Cassiano
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo é um estudo teórico-bibliográfico que busca caracterizar as principais vertentes orientadoras da função, diretrizes e práticas na educação infantil brasileira. Apresentamos alguns pressupostos da chamada Pedagogia da Infância e da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Suas divergências animam as principais discussões no campo acadêmico e estendem-se para âmbitos mais formais, tais como os textos das legislações vigentes, das propostas pedagógicas, diretrizes curriculares, etc., com predomínio e hegemonia das ideias que fundamentam a defesa da Pedagogia da Infância. Herdeira de tradições filosóficas e educacionais como a pedagogia da existência e escolanovismo em sua vertente pragmática, para a Pedagogia da Infância a função principal a ser desenvolvidas pelas instituições educativas infantis é acompanhar o interesse das crianças pelos objetos e fenômenos do mundo, tomando como referência os sentidos e significados que emergem de suas próprias experiências espontâneas e orientadas pelas suas próprias hipóteses. Por outro lado, demonstramos que os processos dirigidos sistematicamente para a produção de conhecimentos novos são, segundo os autores da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, tão somente a via exclusiva de humanização das crianças e sua consolidação como ser genérico. Ademais, estes autores afirmam o papel intencional do trabalho educativo, ou seja, o educador assume a função de explicitar à criança os traços da atividade humana sustentados nos objetos da cultura, transmitindo assim, a esta os resultados do desenvolvimento histórico. Nossa defesa apoia-se nas contribuições desses autores, especialmente por reconhecerem o professor como agente ativo do processo de ensino-aprendizagem da criança.
O USO DO BLOG COMO FERRAMENTA NO PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO
Authors: Soares Raquel Pereira , Arena Adriana Pastorello Buim
Published: July 2014

Este artigo apresenta parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado desenvolvida em uma escola municipal da cidade de Uberlândia, Brasil, com 26 crianças matriculadas no 2º ano do ensino fundamental. Teve como objetivo salientar as contribuições que o uso do computador pode oferecer durante o processo criativo de produção de textos por crianças em fase de alfabetização. Para a realização de uma sequência didática que promovesse mudanças nos sujeitos pesquisados, assim como no pesquisador, e que gerasse dados para análise e compreensão do processo de ensinar e de aprender a escrever no ensino fundamental, fez-se a opção pelos princípios metodológicos da pesquisa-ação. A observação, a entrevista e um plano de ação foram os procedimentos utilizados para a construção dos dados. A análise foi realizada à luz das ideias de Freinet (1974, 1977), Vigotsky (1988, 2009), Bajard (2002, 2012), Jolibert (1994), Freitas (2000, 2005, 2006) e Leontiev (1978). Esta investigação evidenciou que os alunos estavam envolvidos em um processo de ensino e de aprendizagem da escrita e da leitura apoiados em métodos tradicionais. As crianças não reconheciam e não utilizavam o computador para a produção escrita. No entanto, ao serem motivadas a redigir textos de sua própria autoria e utilizar o computador com a finalidade de produzir lides e postá-los em um blog construído por elas mesmas, passaram a se interessar mais pelo ato de escrever. Ao final do plano de ação, elas reconheceram o computador como um instrumento que auxilia e facilita o processo de escritura de textos.
BRINCAR A RODA? OS CURSOS DE LETRAS E A RODA DO FRACASSO DO ENSINO DE PORTUGUÊS NO BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Erislane Rodrigues
Published: July 2014

Professores e pesquisadores da área de Letras têm sido unânimes em proclamar o fracasso do ensino de Português nos níveis fundamental e médio, apontando, como razões para o fracasso, a dificuldade dos professores em lidar com a diversidade lingüística dos alunos e o ensino pautado na teorização ao invés do trabalho com o texto. De acordo com estas idéias, estamos defendendo, neste artigo, que a principal razão para este fracasso é a longa distância entre o ensino superior e os outros níveis de ensino. Esta longa distância deve-se ao fato de que alguns professores do ensino superior não são conscientes de que em cursos acadêmicos como Letras eles estão preparando estudantes para serem professores.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A MASSIFICAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DE EDUCAÇÃO E EMANCIPAÇÃO EM THEODOR W. ADORNO
Authors: Belo Fernanda Ferreira
Published: July 2014

Este texto tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre educação e emancipação, a partir da perspectiva apresentada pela teoria crítica, sobretudo pelos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos presentes nas obras de Theodor W. Adorno (1903/1969) aqui selecionadas, sendo elas: “Educação após Auschwitz”, “Educação para quê?”, “Educação contra barbárie” e “Educação e Emancipação”. Entrecruzamos essa análise com estudos da conjuntura de reformas educacionais ocorridas no Brasil, a partir dos anos 1990, que se materializa com um processo de desregulamentação e/ou novas regulamentações em matéria de legislação educacional e de organização dos sistemas e das escolas nos municípios brasileiros. Todo esse processo reformista nos leva a indagar as possibilidades de efetivar uma educação para a emancipação no século XXI, numa conjuntura de contradições inerentes à sociedade industrial, que evidencia a defesa da construção da democracia, mas que pressupõe, acima de tudo, uma adaptação social à sociedade de massa.
“INOVAÇÕES” METODOLÓGICAS NO CAMPO DA PESQUISA NA HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO: TENDÊNCIAS E PERSPECTIVAS.
Authors: Carvalho Carlos Henrique de , Carvalho Luciana Beatriz de Oliveira Bar de
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo tem a finalidade de apresentar algumas discussões relativas às “inovações” teórico-metodológicas no campo da História Educação, tendo em vista a ampliação desta área nas últimas três décadas. Tal adensamento decorreu em razão da constituição e consolidação de grupos de  pesquisas por todo país, ficando estes devotados aos estudos sobre o processo de formação da sociedade brasileira, a partir dos embates travados no âmbito da criação de um “sistema” nacional de ensino público. Com este horizonte o texto procura demarcar qual foi a contribuição da “revolução historiográfica francesa” aos estudos histórico-educacionais e como esta historiografia educacional incorpora as “novas abordagenas”, os “novos objetos” e os “novos problemas” às suas pesquisas. Assim, emerge os debates em torno dos estudos relacionados ao local versus o global, da imprensa enquanto fonte de pesquisa, seja esta especializada ou não. Portanto, esta análise busca discutir em que cenário afloram essas tendências e quais são as perspectivas atuais para o campo da História da Educação no país.
CYBERBULLYING – AGRESSÃO DIGITAL NA REDE: por quais 'orkunstâncias' andam a amorosidade e o respeito na educação?
Authors: Azevedo Carolina Valença , Ferreira Cássia Cristina dos Santos , Oliveira Priscila Ellen Tabosa de , Padilha Maria Auxiliadora Soares , Silva Everson Melquíades Araújo
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho buscou analisar tipos de agressão de alunos contra professores em redes sociais, mais especificamente, a rede de relacionamentos Orkut. Neste estudo estamos enquadrando este tipo de agressão como cyberbullying. Para isso, o estudo identificou, no período de maio a novembro de 2009, as ocorrências de agressão no Orkut e caracterizou tipos de cyberbullying dirigidos a professores, em comunidades virtuais de escolas públicas e privadas do Recife. Realizamos uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, utilizando, como instrumento metodológico, a pesquisa documental, focando na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam a existência de 201 mensagens com conteúdos de cyberbullying entre 1.098 existentes nos fóruns de discussão das comunidades, tendo como principal forma de agressão o xingamento. Como proposta de combate a essa prática, sugerimos uma ação conjunta entre escola e família e uma educação para as mídias digitais, para o uso consciente das novas tecnologias, além de situações que podem ser realizadas em sala de aula para ajudar a construir um ambiente de respeito.
Novas práticas de governança da água? O uso da pegada hídrica e a transformação das relações entre o setor privado, organizações ambientais e agências internacionais de desenvolvimento
Authors: Empinotti Vanessa Lucena , Jacobi Pedro Roberto
Published: July 2014

Nos últimos cinco anos, em arenas internacionais, ocorreu uma mudança na percepção sobre o papel do setor privado no contexto da governança da água. Antes reconhecido como agente degradador do recurso, hoje é considerado por organizações multilaterais e ambientalistas como peça-chave na promoção da conservação da água. O objetivo deste artigo é entender como essa mudança de discurso redefiniu o entendimento da água de um insumo de produção para um indicador de responsabilidade socioambiental e como essa mudança se refletiu sobre o papel dos atores envolvidos nessa iniciativa. Para isso, o artigo analisa a apropriação do método da pegada hídrica pela SABMiller, empresa sul-africana produtora de bebidas, em parceria com a WWF e a GIZ. Ao utilizar o método da pegada hídrica para identificar a quantidade de água alocada nas atividades econômicas que ocorrem em bacias hidrográficas localizadas no Peru, África do Sul, Tanzânia e Ucrânia, a SABMiller iniciou um processo de reposicionamento no contexto político e dividiu a responsabilidade do uso eficiente do recurso hídrico com os outros atores da região. Além disso, organizações ambientais internacionais e agências de desenvolvimento se tornaram interlocutores da agenda industrial frente ao Estado e à sociedade, por se disporem a levar as propostas da SABMiller para esferas de tomada de decisão. Por fim, este novo arranjo criou oportunidades para a construção de novos espaços de negociação formais até então inexistentes.
Electronic and Magnetic Properties of the Graphene/Eu/Ni(111) Hybrid System
Authors: Voloshina Elena N. , Dedkov Yuriy S.
Published: July 2014

The electronic and magnetic properties of the graphene/Eu/Ni(111) intercalation-like system are studied in the framework of the general gradient approximation with the effective Coulomb potential (GGA+U) and dispersive interactions taken into account. Intercalation of monoatomic europium layer underneath graphene on Ni(111) leads to the drastic changes of the electronic structure of graphene compared to free-standing graphene as well as graphene/Ni(111). The strong influence of the spin-polarized europium 4 f states, crossing the graphene-derived π states, on magnetic properties of graphene and on spin-filtering properties of the graphene/Eu/Ni(111) trilayer is discussed.
Computational Study of the Structure, the Flexibility, and the Electronic Circular Dichroism of Staurosporine – a Powerful Protein Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Karabencheva-Christova Tatyana G. , Singh Warispreet , Christov Christo Z.
Published: July 2014

Staurosporine (STU) is a microbial alkaloid which is an universal kinase inhibitor. In order to understand its mechanism of action it is important to explore its structure-properties relationships. In this paper we provide the results of a computational study of the structure, the chiroptical properties, the conformational flexibility of STU as well as the correlation between the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and the structure of its complex with anaplastic lymphoma kinase.
Theoretical Analysis of the Unusual Vicinal Effects on Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectra of Cobalt(III) Complexes with ED3A-Type and Related Ligands
Authors: Wang Yuekui , Zhang Chunxia
Published: July 2014

To investigate the origin of unusual N-vicinal effects, the geometries of the two series of cobalt(III) complexes, [Co(ED3A-type)(X)]-(X = CN-, NO2
-) and [Co(EDDS-type)]-, with the pentadentate ethylenediamine-N;N;N0-triacetate (ED3A), hexadentate (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N;N0-dissuccinate (EDDS), and their N-alkyl-substituted ligands in aqueous solution have been optimized at the DFT/B3P86/6-311++G(2d,p) level of theory. Based on the optimized geometries, the excitation energies and rotational strengths have been calculated using the time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method with the same functional and basis set. The optimized geometries and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) curves are in good agreement with the observed ones. Based on this agreement, the characteristics of usual and unusual N-vicinal effects as well as the related chiral stereochemistry phenomena have been discussed. To reveal the origin of the unusual N-vicinal effects, a novel calculation scheme has been proposed, which permits efficiently assessing the contribution of the octahedral core to the optical activities of the chelates. The results show that the substituent effects and conformational relaxation effects make opposite contributions to the overall N-vicinal effects with the former being dominant. The unusual N-vicinal effects originate from the negligible chirality of the octahedral core in the unsubstituted [Co(ED3A)(X)]-chelates. For this reason, their optical activity is dominated by the asymmetric nitrogens and behaves different from the normal cases. The unusual vicinal effects observed in the N-alkyl-substituted ED3A-type chelates reflect an increase in the contribution of the octahedral core to their optical activity, which recovers the ECD spectra from the special cases to the normal ones. These findings provide some insight into the unusual N-vicinal effects as well as the chiroptical properties of the chelates.
Sensitive Methodology for Simultaneous Determination of Residues of Imidacloprid and its Metabolites in Sugarcane Leaves and Soil
Authors: Sharma Smriti , Mandal Kousik , Singh Balwinder
Published: July 2014

An analytical method to quantify imidacloprid and its metabolites in sugarcane leaves and soil using HPLC has been developed. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile + water (80 + 20, v/v), soil samples partitioned with dichloromethane, and leaf samples with hexane + ethyl acetate (9 + 1, v/v) and dichloromethane. Further, the extracts were dried, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum into HPLC-grade acetonitrile. Residues were estimated using an HPLC equipped with a photodiode array detector system, C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile + water (40 + 60, v/v) at 0.3 mL/min to separate imidacloprid and its six metabolites in single run of 20 min. The mean percent recoveries of imidacloprid and its metabolites ranged from 80.45 to 99.80 from sugarcane leaves and 80.20 to 99.70 from sugarcane soils. The analytical method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, reproducibility, repeatability, and accuracy. The repeatability values ranged from 0.24 to 3.15% and 1.69 to 4.94%, along with 2.73 to 3.82% and 1.12 to 4.96%, for imidacloprid and its metabolites in leaves and soil, respectively. The reproducibility of imidacloprid and its metabolites in leaves and soil ranged from 2.20 to 4.27% and 2.53 to 4.08%, respectively, and all measurements were within 15% at all concentration levels.
Immunomagnetic Separation and Visual Fluorescence Detection of E. coli O157 Using AOAC Approved SASTM Molecular Tests
Authors: Bapanpally Chandra , Maganty Gayatri , Khan Shah , Kasra Akif , Morey Amit
Published: July 2014

The SASTM Molecular Tests method for the detection of E. coli O157 in various food matrixes has been certified by the AOAC Research Institute and designated Performance Tested MethodSM No. 031203. The current method modification includes the optional immunomagnetic separation (IMS) to enrich the bacteria as well as optional visual fluorescence readout without the use of a turbidimeter. The following study was conducted to validate the proposed modifications against the U. S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (MLG) and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) reference methods. E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 35150 and NM (non-motile) 700377 strains were used to inoculate the ground beef, beef trim, and spinach to obtain 20 low (0.23–2 CFU/test portion) and five high levels (3–5 CFU/test portion) of inoculations. Enriched samples were tested directly and subjected to anti-E. coli IMS prior to the SAS Molecular Tests. Results were determined via visual fluorescence and via turbidity using a turbidimeter. All the replicates, irrespective of the results, were confirmed using MLG 5.05 or BAM Chapter 4A methods. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in the detection of fractional positives (5–15 positives out of 20 replicates) with any of the methods tested above as compared to the reference methods. No false positives or negatives were detected except for two in the ground beef with IMS+Turbidity method. No false-negative samples were detected. Statistical analysis indicated that the modified methods were equivalent to the reference methods in detecting E. coli O157:H7 in the food matrixes tested. SAS Molecular Tests E. coli O157 Detection Kit can be used to detect E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef, beef trim, and spinach. The inclusion of IMS in the modified method improved the detection rate of E. coli O157:H7 in spinach and showed comparable detection rate in ground beef and beef trim. The optional use of visual fluorescent reagent and heat block either with IMS or without IMS produced results that were comparable to the results obtained from using a real-time turbidimeter.
Chemometric Study and Optimization of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Parameters for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Processed Cocoa from Nigeria Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Abdulra'uf Lukman Bola , Tan Guan Huat
Published: July 2014

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solventless sample preparation method that combines sample preparation, isolation, concentration, and enrichment into one step. A simple and effective method coupling headspace-SPME to GC/MS was developed for the analysis of chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, endosulfan I, and endosulfan II pesticide residues in cocoa powder. In this study, multivariate strategy was used to determine the significance of the factors affecting the SPME of the pesticides using a Plackett-Burman design, and the significant factors were optimized using central composite design. The analytes were extracted with 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane fibers according to the factorial design matrix and desorbed into a GC/MS instrument. The developed method was applied for the analysis of a cocoa powder sample, and it exhibited good figures of merit for the analytical methodology. Using the optimized conditions, the linearity ranged from 2.5 to 500 μg/kg (R2 > 0.99) using an internal standard calibration method, and the average recoveries were between 75 and 95%, with RSD values between 3.8 and 9.7%.
A Review of Methods for the Analysis of Orphan and Difficult Pesticides: Glyphosate, Glufosinate, Quaternary Ammonium and Phenoxy Acid Herbicides, and Dithiocarbamate and Phthalimide Fungicides
Authors: Raina-Fulton Renata
Published: July 2014

This article reviews the chromatography/MS methodologies for analysis of pesticide residues of orphan and difficult chemical classes in a variety of sample matrixes including water, urine, blood, and food. The review focuses on pesticide classes that are not commonly included in multiresidue analysis methods such as highly polar or ionic herbicides including glyphosate, glufosinate, quaternary ammonium, and phenoxy acid herbicides, and some of their major degradation or metabolite products. In addition, dithiocarbamate and phthalimide fungicides, which are thermally unstable and have stability issues in some solvents or sample matrixes, are also examined due to their special needs in residue analysis.
QuEChERS Approach for the Determination of Biopesticides in Organic and Nonorganic Vegetables and Fruits by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Romero-González Roberto , Plaza-Bolaños Patricia , Limón-Garduza Rocío I , Martínez-Vidal José L , Frenich Antonia Garrido
Published: July 2014

A method for the determination of 14 biopesticides and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), often applied in organic farming, in vegetables and fruits has been developed. Extraction was performed using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method, and the determination was carried out by ultra-performance LC/MS/MS in 9 min. Several different food commodities were evaluated as representative matrixes, namely, cucumber, tomato, pepper (high water content), and strawberry and orange (high acid and water content). Biopesticides were quantified using matrix-matched calibration, and the optimized method was validated at three concentration levels, i.e., 10, 50, and 100 μg/kg, for all the compounds, yielding recoveries in the range 70–112%, 71–112%, and 70–109%, respectively, with RSDs <28%. LOQs were <3 μg/kg for all biopesticides. The validated procedure was applied to the analysis of vegetables and fruits, including products from organic farming; PBO was detected in one sample at 8 μg/kg.
Determination of Pesticides in Sunflower Seeds by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with a Diode Array Detector
Authors: Tuzimski Tomasz , Rejczak Tomasz
Published: July 2014

The application of RP-HPLC with a diode array detector for identification and quantitative analysis of pesticides in sunflower seed samples is demonstrated. An HPLC procedure on C18 RP column has been developed for analysis of selected pesticides from different chemical groups: simazine, isoproturon, terbuthylazine, linuron, captan, terbutryn, procymidone, fenitrothion, clofentezine, and bromopropylate. We investigated the possibility of expanding the scope of the four analyte extraction procedures for isolation of pesticides from plant matrixes with high levels of lipids. The following procedures were tested: A, ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UAE) and SPE; B, dispersive-SPE (d-SPE); C, UAE and d-SPE; and D, UAE/SPE/d-SPE. Average recoveries from spiked samples at different concentrations in the range from 0.1 to 1.40 μg/g in the plant materials and the SDs for C18 cartridges and solvents by the proposed RP-HPLC-DAD method after the extraction procedures are also presented. The efficiency of procedures A–D was evaluated using real food samples from Hungary, Bulgaria, and Poland. The quantity of terbuthylazine determined was in the range of 7.1–12.7 ng/g (n = 6), whereas the quantity of procymidone determined was in the range of 3.7–5.7 ng/g (n = 3) in plant materials. The quantities of pesticides determined in sunflower seeds were below the maximum residue levels (excluding captan) established in the European Union legislation. The method was validated for precision and accuracy.
Dynamic Discovery of Web Services using WSDL
Authors:   Canara Engineering College/Computer Science and Engineering, Mangalore, 574219, India, Sumathi  , Chiplunkar Niranjan N. , Kumar A. Ashok
Published: July 2014

Web service technology promises to provide a ynamic integration and interaction of heterogeneous systems, thereby to facilitate fast and efficient cooperation among the entities in cooperative environments. With the surge of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web Services, service discovery has become increasingly crucial. Web service discovery mechanism retrieves relevant web services from the internet to serve a wide range of users such as service consumers, service developers, service deployers, and service brokers. This paper demonstrates the model for discovery of web services using WSDL processing system and comparison between WSDL(Web Service Description Language) and UDDI(Universal Description Discovery and Integration) based discovery system. The solution leverages WSDL retrieval according to the requested term using horizontal and vertical search and processing WSDL to find suitable web services to satisfy the user request during run time.
RDA at the Swiss National Library: Challenges and New Opportunities
Authors: Aliverti Christian , Müller Alexandra
Published: July 2014

The first national libraries implemented RDA: Resource Description and Access in Spring 2013 and others are planning to implement the new standard in the course of the year or in the years to come. The Swiss National Library (NL) has decided to adopt RDA, and now needs to plan its implementation. In March 2013 a master's student in library and information science at the University of Zurich wrote a thesis which examined the NL's situation and made suggestions for the next steps in the implementation process. It served as a basis for this article.

The article provides information about the NL's current situation in terms of cataloguing, RDA and cooperation. It outlines the NL's special situation in Switzerland, a country with four national and three official languages. In particular, it explains the legal directives the NL has to observe. It elaborates on the NL's activities in international committees, as well as on its undertakings at a national level. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges the national library of a multilingual country faces when adopting a new cataloguing code and it presents the next steps the NL will have to take.
RDA Planning, Implementation and Use: A Comparison of Two Academic Libraries
Authors: Wacker Melanie , Han Myung-Ja
Published: July 2014

Since the Library of Congress announced it would move forward with full RDA implementation on 31 March 2013, libraries in the United States have been working hard on planning, training and implementing RDA in their own libraries' cataloguing workflow. However, there is no single model for RDA planning and implementation that works for every library, because the implementation plan should be developed based on each library's unique situation, organizational structure and culture. Columbia University Libraries and the University of Illinois Library are no exceptions. This paper highlights the similarities and differences in their approaches to RDA implementation by describing each library's implementation workflow, composition of RDA implementation teams, training programmes, tools and resources. This paper also analyses the challenges and changes posed by the newly created RDA MARC records in the current hybrid RDA/AACR2 environment on user services, resources management and future of bibliographic control.
RDA: Analysing the Impact of a New Cataloguing Standard on SUNCAT, the UK's Serials Union Catalogue
Authors: Aburrow-Jones Natasha
Published: July 2014

SUNCAT is the union catalogue of serials in the UK, with just under 100 libraries contributing their serials data and associated holdings. These libraries use a variety of cataloguing standards already (e.g. AACR2, in-house), so the implementation of RDA will have consequences for display, indexing and matching in SUNCAT. To find out about the adoption of RDA in SUNCAT Contributing Libraries, a questionnaire was issued. The results indicated that, although there has been much thought around the topic, some libraries are waiting to see what others are doing before committing themselves to the expense of adapting a new cataloguing standard. Nearly all of SUNCAT Contributing Libraries are looking at moving to RDA, if they have not done so already, for new cataloguing. This means that SUNCAT will adapt processes to cater for RDA, but it is seen as another standard in an already hybrid catalogue.
The Green Goddess: William Archer's Great War Play
Authors: Kelly Veronica
Published: July 2014

William Archer's melodrama The Green Goddess (1919) is the sole commercial international success enjoyed by the famed theatre critic and Ibsen scholar. While it successfully applies its author's knowledge of the conventions of popular melodrama, the play's subject ‘foundrsquo; its author in late 1919 during a period of heightened post-war personal and public turmoil. Set in a fictional principality on the North-West Frontier of imperial India, it takes the form of a hostage drama whose principal character is the cynical and ruthless Raja, played in the theatre and in two films by the veteran character actor George Arliss.

This annotated edition uses staging evidence from the Promptbook of the 1924 Australian commercial production by J. C. Williamson Ltd and the silent (1923) and sound (1930) films. The Introduction places The Green Goddess in the generic context of post-war Orientalism. It explores its origins in Archer's official war work refuting German propaganda in various pamphlets and dramas. His wartime polemical themes of ‘barbarismrsquo; and ‘civilisationrsquo; (especially relating to Belgium) also permeate his 1919 play. The ethics of the aerial terror bombing of civilians, practised routinely in colonial policing and introduced to Europe in the Great War, both resolve the action of The Green Goddess and interrogate former wartime moral polarities. Its staging details are sourced in Archer's India and the Future (1917), such that an early example of British theatre dealing with the trauma of the Great War is overlaid upon a conventional-seeming colonial adventure melodrama.
Designed α-sheet peptides inhibit amyloid formation by targeting toxic oligomers
Authors: Hopping Gene , Kellock Jackson , Barnwal Ravi Pratap , Law Peter , Bryers James , Varani Gabriele , Caughey Byron , Daggett Valerie
Published: July 2014

Previous studies suggest that the toxic soluble-oligomeric form of different amyloid proteins share a common backbone conformation, but the amorphous nature of this oligomer prevents its structural characterization by experiment. Based on molecular dynamics simulations we proposed that toxic intermediates of different amyloid proteins adopt a common, nonstandard secondary structure, called α-sheet. Here we report the experimental characterization of peptides designed to be complementary to the α-sheet conformation observed in the simulations. We demonstrate inhibition of aggregation in two different amyloid systems, β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and transthyretin, by these designed α-sheet peptides. When immobilized the α-sheet designs preferentially bind species from solutions enriched in the toxic conformer compared with non-aggregated, nontoxic species or mature fibrils. The designs display characteristic spectroscopic signatures distinguishing them from conventional secondary structures, supporting α-sheet as a structure involved in the toxic oligomer stage of amyloid formation and paving the way for novel therapeutics and diagnostics.
The quantitative architecture of centromeric chromatin
Authors: Bodor Dani L , Mata João F , Sergeev Mikhail , David Ana Filipa , Salimian Kevan J , Panchenko Tanya , Cleveland Don W , Black Ben E , Shah Jagesh V , Jansen Lars ET
Published: July 2014

The centromere, responsible for chromosome segregation during mitosis, is epigenetically defined by CENP-A containing chromatin. The amount of centromeric CENP-A has direct implications for both the architecture and epigenetic inheritance of centromeres. Using complementary strategies, we determined that typical human centromeres contain ∼400 molecules of CENP-A, which is controlled by a mass-action mechanism. This number, despite representing only ∼4% of all centromeric nucleosomes, forms a ∼50-fold enrichment to the overall genome. In addition, although pre-assembled CENP-A is randomly segregated during cell division, this amount of CENP-A is sufficient to prevent stochastic loss of centromere function and identity. Finally, we produced a statistical map of CENP-A occupancy at a human neocentromere and identified nucleosome positions that feature CENP-A in a majority of cells. In summary, we present a quantitative view of the centromere that provides a mechanistic framework for both robust epigenetic inheritance of centromeres and the paucity of neocentromere formation.
Insect endosymbiont proliferation is limited by lipid availability
Authors: Herren Jeremy K , Paredes Juan C , Schüpfer Fanny , Arafah Karim , Bulet Philippe , Lemaitre Bruno
Published: July 2014

Spiroplasma poulsonii is a maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbiont that is naturally associated with Drosophila melanogaster. S. poulsonii resides extracellularly in the hemolymph, where it must acquire metabolites to sustain proliferation. In this study, we find that Spiroplasma proliferation specifically depletes host hemolymph diacylglyceride, the major lipid class transported by the lipoprotein, Lpp. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Lpp expression, which reduces the amount of circulating lipids, inhibits Spiroplasma proliferation demonstrating that bacterial proliferation requires hemolymph-lipids. Altogether, our study shows that an insect endosymbiont acquires specific lipidic metabolites from the transport lipoproteins in the hemolymph of its host. In addition, we show that the proliferation of this endosymbiont is limited by the availability of hemolymph lipids. This feature could limit endosymbiont over-proliferation under conditions of host nutrient limitation as lipid availability is strongly influenced by the nutritional state.
An approximate solution to the flow field on vegetated intertidal platforms: Applicability and limitations
Authors: Van Oyen T. , Carniello L. , D'Alpaos A. , Temmerman S. , Troch P. , Lanzoni S.
Published: July 2014

Tidal wetland evolution is governed by interactions between topography, vegetation, and the flow field. Aiming to provide an appropriate hydrodynamic tool within a long‐term geomorphic model of vegetated wetlands, we describe an approximate procedure to model the depth‐averaged flow field on vegetated intertidal platforms. The procedure is tested by a qualitative comparison with laboratory experiments and quantitatively comparing with a numerical model, focusing on the influence of spatial variations in friction on the flow field. Overall, satisfactory comparisons are obtained. Nevertheless, some limitations of the approach are apparent. These are discussed in the light of the model assumptions. We analyze the impact of the observed limitations on the ability of the approximate solution to describe the morphodynamic evolution of the bed elevation. This is performed by evaluating the changes in the bed elevation after one tidal cycle on the intertidal platform based on flow velocities obtained with a numerical model and those of the simplified procedure. It is found that the bed evolution on the platform is reasonably described with the approximate solution, even though the accumulation of sediment is underestimated near the watershed divide by the approximate model. Taking into account the computationally economic character of the approximate procedure, the analysis indicates that the model provides a suitable tool to investigate the long‐term morphodynamic evolution of tidal wetlands.
Assessing the impacts of fiscal reforms on investment in village‐level irrigation infrastructure
Authors: Boyle Christine E. , Huang Qiuqiong , Wang Jinxia
Published: July 2014

This paper investigates investment trends into village‐level irrigation projects and assesses the impact of fiscal reforms including the tax‐for‐fee reform and the elimination of agricultural tax on irrigation investment. The China Water Institutions and Management Panel Survey data show that village leaders, water user associations, farmers, and upper level governments have all contributed to irrigation investment in villages throughout the study period between 1996 and 2007. Both descriptive and multivariate analyses suggest that changes brought by fiscal reforms have significantly reduced village collectives' capacity to fund irrigation infrastructure in villages. There was a significant drop in upper level government investment during the posttax‐for‐fee period (2002–2004 in the sample areas). Since 2005, upper level government has increased its investment to prereform levels and partly filled the public investment void in irrigation infrastructure. Fiscal reforms had the least impact on farmers' investment, which has been the most stable source of funding for village‐level irrigation projects.
Long‐term (17 Ma) turbidite record of the timing and frequency of large flank collapses of the Canary Islands
Authors: Hunt J. E. , Talling P. J. , Clare M. A. , Jarvis I. , Wynn R. B.
Published: July 2014

Volcaniclastic turbidites on the Madeira Abyssal Plain provide a record of large‐volume volcanic island flank collapses from the Canary Islands. This long‐term record spans 17 Ma, and comprises 125 volcaniclastic beds. Determining the timing, provenance and volumes of these turbidites provides key information about the occurrence of mass wasting from the Canary Islands, especially the western islands of Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. These turbidite records demonstrate that landslides often coincide with protracted periods of volcanic edifice growth, suggesting that loading of the volcanic edifices may be a key preconditioning factor for landslide triggers. Furthermore, the last large‐volume failures from Tenerife coincide with explosive volcanism at the end of eruptive cycles. Many large‐volume Canary Island landslides also occurred during periods of warmer and wetter climates associated with sea‐level rise and subsequent highstand. However, these turbidites are not serially dependent and any association with climate or sea level change is not statistically significant.
Local and regional trends in Plio‐Pleistocene δ18O records from benthic foraminifera
Authors: Bell David B. , Jung Simon J. A. , Kroon Dick , Lourens Lucas J. , Hodell David A.
Published: July 2014

We present new orbital‐resolution Pliocene‐Pleistocene benthic stable oxygen isotope (δ18Ob) records from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1264 and 1267, from Walvis Ridge in the Southeast Atlantic. We compare long‐term (>250 kyr) interbasin δ18Ob‐gradients between Pacific and North Atlantic regional stacks, as well as intra and interbasin gradients from the perspective of Walvis Ridge. The δ18Ob values from Sites 1264 and 1267 are almost always higher than deep North Atlantic and Pacific sites, with large gradients (>0.5‰) emerging abruptly at ∼2.4 Ma and persisting until ∼1.3 Ma. From this, we infer the presence of a new water mass, which resulted from the influence of dense, 18O‐enriched Nordic sea overflow waters via the abyssal East Atlantic. Meanwhile, long‐term average δ18Ob values in the North Atlantic appear to have remained within 0–0.25‰ lower than in the Pacific. However, the magnitude of this difference is sensitive to the inclusion of records from the equatorial West Atlantic. These results, together with constraints based on temperature, salinity, and density, suggest an influence of the seawater δ18O (δ18OSW) versus salinity relationship of source waters on δ18Ob values within the Atlantic. In particular, the abrupt emergence at ∼2.4 Ma of higher δ18Ob values at Sites 1264 and 1267, relative to North Atlantic records, appears to require a low‐latitude surface water δ18OSW signal. This implies a connection between northward heat transport and deep water export into the abyssal East Atlantic. Hence, our results have implications for the interpretation of δ18Ob records and highlight the potential for δ18Ob to constrain deep Atlantic water mass sources and pathways during the Plio‐Pleistocene.
Evidence for long‐term memory in sea level
Authors: Dangendorf Sönke , Rybski Diego , Mudersbach Christoph , Müller Alfred , Kaufmann Edgar , Zorita Eduardo , Jensen Jürgen
Published: July 2014

Detection and attribution of anthropogenic climate change signals in sea level rise (SLR) has experienced considerable attention during the last decades. Here we provide evidence that superimposed on any possible anthropogenic trend there is a significant amount of natural decadal and multidecadal variability. Using a set of 60 centennial tide gauge records and an ocean reanalysis, we find that sea levels exhibit long‐term correlations on time scales up to several decades that are independent of any systematic rise. A large fraction of this long‐term variability is related to the steric component of sea level, but we also find long‐term correlations in current estimates of mass loss from glaciers and ice caps. These findings suggest that (i) recent attempts to detect a significant acceleration in regional SLR might underestimate the impact of natural variability and (ii) any future regional SLR threshold might be exceeded earlier/later than from anthropogenic change alone.
Seismic noise‐based time‐lapse monitoring of the Valhall overburden
Authors: Mordret Aurélien , Shapiro Nikolaï M. , Singh Satish
Published: July 2014

We used two “vintages” of ambient seismic noise recorded at the Valhall Life of the Field Seismic network in 2004 and 2005 to perform a passive time‐lapse imaging of the subsurface. First, the cross correlations between each pair of stations were computed for both vintages to extract Scholte waves. Second, the relative velocity variations between the 2004 and 2005 cross correlations were measured on the ballistic waves using the Moving‐Window Cross‐Spectral technique. Finally, the best quality relative velocity variation measurements were regionalized using a modified eikonal tomography technique. The results, albeit noisy because of the short duration of the available records, show a large patch of increased seismic velocity in the southern part of the network and a weaker anomaly in the northern part. The southern increase of velocity can be attributed to the exploitation of the southern flank of the Valhall reservoir with new wells and is in good agreement with a previous time‐lapse study using Scholte waves.
Double‐diffusive interfaces in Lake Kivu reproduced by direct numerical simulations
Authors: Sommer Tobias , Carpenter Jeffrey R. , Wüest Alfred
Published: July 2014

Double diffusion transforms uniform background gradients of temperature and salinity into “staircases” of homogeneous mixed layers that are separated by high‐gradient interfaces. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) and microstructure measurements are two independent methods of estimating double‐diffusive fluxes. By performing DNS under similar conditions as found in our measurements in Lake Kivu, we are able to compare results from both methods for the first time. We find that (i) the DNS reproduces the measured interface thicknesses of in situ microstructure profiles, (ii) molecular heat fluxes through interfaces capture the total vertical heat fluxes for density ratios larger than three, and (iii) the commonly used heat flux parameterization underestimates the total fluxes by a factor of 1.3 to 2.2.
The effect of vapor pressure deficit on water use efficiency at the subdaily time scale
Authors: Zhou Sha , Yu Bofu , Huang Yuefei , Wang Guangqian
Published: July 2014

Water use efficiency is a critical index for describing carbon‐water coupling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the nonlinear effect of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on carbon‐water coupling has not been fully considered. To improve the relationship between gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) at the subdaily time scale, we propose a new underlying water use efficiency (uWUE = GPP · VPD0.5/ET) and a hysteresis model to minimize time lags among GPP, ET, and VPD. Half‐hourly data were used to validate uWUE for seven vegetation types from 42 AmeriFlux sites. Correlation analysis shows that the GPP · VPD0.5 and ET relationship (r = 0.844) is better than that between GPP · VPD and ET (r = 0.802). The hysteresis model supports the GPP · VPD0.5 and ET relationship. As uWUE is related to CO2 concentration, its use can improve estimates of GPP and ET and help understand the effect of CO2 fertilization on carbon storage and water loss.
Modeling the loss of inner belt protons by magnetic field line curvature scattering
Authors: Tu Weichao , Cowee M. M. , Liu K.
Published: July 2014

The sudden loss of energetic protons in the inner radiation belt has been observed during geomagnetic storms. It is hypothesized that this sudden loss occurs because of changes in the geomagnetic field configuration which lead to a breakdown of the first adiabatic invariant, μ, in a process called magnetic field line curvature scattering or μ scattering. Comparison of observations to various analytic model predictions for μ scattering induced loss has, however, yielded discrepancies. To better understand how well the analytic models predict the proton loss, test particle simulations are carried out for various magnetic field configurations. Although our simulation results agree well with the analytic models for single μ‐scattering events, the results after cumulative μ scattering can show significant disagreement with the theoretical predictions based on analytic models. In particular, we find the assumption that protons with predicted initial δμ/μ > 0.01 or ε > 0.1 are ultimately lost overestimates the proton loss. Based on the test particle simulation results, we develop a new empirical model, called the “ε‐onset” model, to predict the minimum value of ε at which all protons of a given pitch angle and energy can be assumed to be lost due to μ scattering. By applying our ε‐onset model as the variable cutoff condition between trapping and detrapping, we obtain very good agreement between theoretical predictions and the simulation results for a range of Kp, suggesting that the ε‐onset model can potentially serve as an easy‐to‐use and more reliable predictor of inner belt proton loss due to μ scattering than the previously used fixed‐valued cutoff conditions.
Dense intermediate water outflow from the Cretan Sea: A salinity driven, recurrent phenomenon, connected to thermohaline circulation changes
Authors: Velaoras Dimitris , Krokos George , Nittis Kostas , Theocharis Alexander
Published: July 2014

Data collected from different platforms in the Cretan Sea during the 2000s decade present evidence of gradually increasing salinity in the intermediate and deep intermediate layers after the middle of the decade. The observed gradual salt transport toward the deeper layers indicates contributions of dense water masses formed in various Aegean Sea subbasins. The accumulation of these saline and dense water masses in the Cretan Sea finally led to outflow from both Cretan Straits, with density greater than typical Levantine/Cretan Intermediate water but not dense enough to penetrate into the deep layers of the Eastern Mediterranean. We name this outflowing water mass as dense Cretan Intermediate Water (dCIW). A retrospective analysis of in situ data and literature references during the last four decades shows that similar events have occurred in the past in two occasions: (a) in the 1970s and (b) during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) onset (1987–1991). We argue that these salinity‐driven Aegean outflows are mostly attributed to recurrent changes of the Eastern Mediterranean upper thermohaline circulation that create favorable dense water formation conditions in the Aegean Sea through salinity preconditioning. We identify these phenomena as “EMT‐like” events and argue that in these cases internal thermohaline mechanisms dominate over atmospheric forcing in dense water production. However, intense atmospheric forcing over an already salinity preconditioned basin is indispensable for creating massive deep water outflow from the Cretan Sea, such as the EMT event.