bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFYING COVIDOGENIC ENVIRONMENTS IN URBAN SECTORS OF KHROUB CITY (ALGERIA): A GIS-BASED APPROACH TO ASSESSING PANDEMIC RISK AND VULNERABILITY
Authors: Mouna Mazri  , Saif Eddine Chettah  , Manal Yahiouche
Published: June 2024

This study aims to assess the pandemic risk in the Algerian city of Khroub and develop a monitoring and health management tool to combat Covid-19 and other respiratory infections. To address the lack of statistical data at the micro-urban level, the authors conducted a household survey in Khroub between July and September 2022. The primary objective of this survey was to collect comprehensive data on vulnerability indicators at the scale of Khroub's urban sectors. The study utilized 13 indicators of vulnerability to Covid-19, selected from previous studies and research published by public health organizations and agencies. GIS technology was used to locate covidogenic environments (milieu) in Khroub, resulting in the creation of a GIS database called "Covidogenic Milieu." This study provides valuable insights for identifying vulnerable urban sectors and implementing adaptive measures to mitigate the effects of Covid-19. In the case of Khroub, the research also made relevant suggestions on how to address the identified vulnerability for the benefit of local authorities who commissioned this study.
ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL TOURISM RESOURCES IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT OF EL KALA (ALGERIA): FROM TYPOLOGY TO THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING POLYSPATIAL TOURISM
Authors: Latreche Chafia  , Rouag-Saffidine Djamila
Published: June 2024

Tourism resources are potential for territorial development and tourism diversification. This article presents research on the evaluation of potential tourism resources in the light of the case study of the El Kala region, one of Algeria's largest National Parks.  The aim of this article is to study tourism potential in rural areas, with a view to proposing a typology for the possibility of tourism development, to shed light on this still understudied issue in tourism studies, and to reveal or exploit the potential and local specificities of the El Kala region. This qualitative analysis uses conceptual and institutional approaches to develop a typological model of tourism potential. The theoretical results were then adapted in the field to produce empirical data. The method chosen for data collection is based on an operational approach to compiling a multi-thematic inventory of the region's tourism potential. These classified potentialities can be used to support, qualify and amplify the creation of polyspatial tourism and new destinations. This approach, built on theoretical approaches and field research, can be used as a decision-making tool to build a sustainable, polyspatial tourism promotional strategy adapted to current challenges, taking into account the region's strengths and weaknesses.
Radha Chakravarty, ed. Mahasweta Devi: Writer, Activist, Visionary
Authors: Himadri Lahiri
Published: June 2024

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Shaykh Yūsuf of Makassar (d. 1111 AH/1699 CE): A Bio-bibliographical and Doctrinal Survey
Authors: Arif Syamsuddin
Published: June 2024

Compared to the pre-modern Arab and Persianate worlds, relatively little is known about the intellectual life of the Malay-Islamic world between the 13th and 19th centuries, and even less is known about its individual figures and their contribution to different fields of learning. This article seeks to redress this scholarly neglect by introducing Shaykh Yūsuf (d. 1111 AH/ 1699 CE), a scholar and Sufi warrior of Makassar, who led the armed opposition against the Dutch colonial forces, for which he was captured and exiled to Ceylon and later to South Africa, where he breathed his last. In this article, we examine his intellectual career and legacy, focusing on the key concepts in his teachings such as the need to observe the Divine Law (Sharī‘ah) as well as to attain the Truth (Ḥaqīqah) in order to draw near to God and become one of His “friends” (awliyā’), which can be achieved through constant liturgical remembrance of God (dhikr Allāh) as a means to attain the Truth. This study uses the historical-critical approach to investigate Shaykh Yusuf’s ideas on Sufism, which may explain his political activism and resistance against colonial rule. Drawing upon the extant manuscripts of his treatises that are now preserved in the National Library of Indonesia in Jakarta, this study concludes that Shaykh Yūsuf's life embodied the values central to Sufism, i.e., relentless trust in God, unfading sincerity, and unabated sense of sacred duty.
Sibling Sexual Abuse: Seeking Sharīʿah-based Solutions
Authors: Bouzenita Anke Iman , Hussain Feryad A.
Published: June 2024

Sibling sexual abuse (SSA) is the most common form of intra-familial abuse. Long-term consequences of this abuse can turn into a lifelong battle. This article outlines the psycho-social-legal challenges of survivors of sibling sexual abuse and the dilemma facing survivors of SSA on seeking justice for their situation. The paper offers the Islamic legal perspectives and related options for management in addressing SSA, against the background of Islamic teachings on the prevention of sexualised crimes, possible punishment of the perpetrator/abuser, and ways of healing for the survivors of SSA and their family.
Kitap Tanıtım/ Basit, M. [v.d.]. Kudüs Tarihi. İstanbul: Nida Yayınları, 2021.
Authors: Özgüç Recep Tayyip
Published: June 2024

Müslümanlar tarafından Beytülmakdis; ilk kıble, ikinci mescit, İsra ve Miraç hadiselerinin vuku bulduğu topraklar olması, ayrıca ayetler ve hadislerin bölgenin önemine işaret etmesinden dolayı mukaddes topraklar olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Hristiyanlar açısından bakıldığında İsa peygamberin doğduğu, çarmıha gerildiği ve yeniden dirildiğine inanılan mekanların burada olduğuna inanılmaktadır. Diğer taraftan Kudüs, Yahudilerin önemli tarihi olaylarına tanıklık etmiş ve dini ritüellerin gerçekleştirildiği kutsal mekanlara ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Tüm bunlara bakıldığında, Kudüs’ün bahsi geçen dinlerce haiz olduğu önem görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda Dr. Musa İsmail Basît, Dr. Hamza Zîb, Mustafa, Dr. Gâssan, Musa Muhîbiş ve Dr. Said Süleyman Kîk’in ortak çalışması olan bu eser; Kudüs şehrinin tarihi, mimarisi, dinlerce hasıl olduğu önemi ve üzerinde hakimiyet kuran devletleri konu edinmiştir. Hem kronolojik anlamda uzun bir sürecin ele alınması hem de farklı disiplinlerin konularına birlikte değinilmesi nedeniyle bu alanda yazılan diğer eserlerden farklılık göstermektedir.
The American Position towards the Establishment of the Palestinian State: From the Oslo Accord to the Deal of the Century (1993–2020)
Authors: Asmar Ahmed
Published: June 2024

The end of the Cold War period in the early 1990s crowned the United States of America (US) as the sole superpower in the world, allowing it to engage more actively in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The consecutive US administrations of President Clinton, President Bush and President Obama made efforts in addressing the conflict but all failed to reach a settlement where negotiations were stuck during addressing the final status issues including the problem of the Israeli settlements and the status of Jerusalem. Yet, the Trump administration took a different radical approach and imposed a unilateral peace proposal that sided the Israeli narrative known as “Deal of the Century” as announced in 2020. Under these US approaches and initiatives, and under the claim that the Palestinians rejected most of these initiatives or were the side that failed these US peace initiatives, the question that arises in mind is that to what extent did the American position address the minimum aspiration of the Palestinian people in establishing their own independent state? The article, therefore, will attempt to answer this core question. Overall, the paper suggests that the US was not a fair peace broker when it comes the Israeli-Palestinian peace efforts. It did not use any form of pressure on the Israeli side to deal with Palestine question fairly, but instead chose to blame always the Palestinians who have been under the brutal Israeli occupation for the last 70 odd years. The US has so far never taken into account any comments, concerns or reservations of the Palestinians over its own peace initiatives but accepted and adopted the Israeli concerns, comments and wishes. The article writing method generally follows the descriptive analytical approach in addition to highlighting the official statements and documents related to the topic in order to clarify the US position towards the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, to understand the limits and parameters of the US position, and to eventually give an assessment on the US position regarding any future approach by the US administration to tackle the decades-long conflict.
The Reasons for the Differences in Interpretations of Some Orientalists and Commentators on the Hadiths about Bayt al-Maqdis and al-Masjid al-Aqsa
Authors: Kutluay İbrahim
Published: June 2024

Bayt al-Maqdis and al-Masjid al-Aqsā are among the most sacred places that are considered sacred by the divine religions. So much so that it is emphasised in the Qur'an that al-Aqsā and its surroundings have been blessed, and Bayt al-Maqdis and its environs are described as the Holy Land “al-Ard al-Muqaddasah”. In addition to the Qur'an, the virtue of these places has also been declared in the ahadith. Al-Masjid al-Aqsā is mentioned as the second masjid built on earth after the Kaʻbah, it is the place where the prophets lived, prayers and other worships performed in al-Masjid al-Aqsā are rewarded more than those performed in other masjids except al-Masjid al-Harām and al-Masjid al-Nabawī. In addition, al-Masjid al-Aqsā is one of the three masjids that can be travelled to for the purpose of worship, and the liberation and reconstruction of these two places are encouraged. However, there are deep differences of approach between Muslim commentators and orientalists in interpreting the narrations on the issue of al-Aqsā and Bayt al-Maqdis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine and evaluate how commentators and orientalists evaluate a hadīth on the same subject, on what evidence and justifications both groups base their views, and what are the main reasons for the differences in their approaches. As a method, the subject and the relevant ahadith will be taken as the basis, rather than a particular orientalist or commentator, and the interpretations of the commentators and the different approaches and evaluations of the orientalists in their own works will be identified and compared with each other, focusing on the differences between their views and their reasons.
Portulaca oleracea L. жерасты бөлігін сынау әдістері
Authors: Cабырбек А.Н. , Байболсынова И.Ж. , Тлеубаева М.И.
Published: June 2024

Сынау әдістері дәрілік өсімдіктердің сапасын қамтамасыз етуде және оларды жоғары сапалы дәрілік құралдар өндіру үшін пайдалануда маңызды орын алады. Зерттеу ауыр металдарды (Pb, Cd, As, Hg), радионуклидтерді (Cs-137, K-40, Sr-90), макро-және микроэлементтерді (кальций, мырыш, темір және мыс), пестицидтерді (гексахлорциклогексан (альфа-, бета-, гамма-изомерлер), дихлордифенил трихлорметилметан және оның метаболиттері) анықтау мақсатында бақша қараоты (Portulaca oleracea L.) дәрілік өсімдік шикізатының жерасты бөлігін кешенді талдауға арналған. Зерттеуде нәтижелердің жоғары дәлдігі мен сенімділігін қамтамасыз ететін талдау әдістері қолданылды. Зерттеу нәтижелері экзогенді ластаушы заттардың нормативті құжат талаптары бойынша рұқсат етілген шекті мөлшерден аспайтындығы туралы мәлімет береді. Дәрілік өсімдік шикізатының биологиялық белсенділігі мен сапасын бағалау үшін маңызды макро- және микроэлементтердің құрамы жайлы ақпарат көрсетілген. Жүргізілген зерттеу нәтижелері бақша қараотының (Portulaca oleracea L.) жерасты бөлігін стандарттауда маңызды орын алады.
Особенности селевых потоков в Азербайджанской части Большого Кавказа
Authors: Мамедов Дж.Г.
Published: June 2024

В статье проанализированы особенности селевых потоков. В последние годы в республике частое повторение селевых потоков объясняется выбросами химических отходов в нижние слои атмосферы, связанными с военными действиями почти на всем пространстве Евразии. Проникающие с севера воздушные массы, загрязненные химическими отходами, по сравнению западными, являются в республике преобладающими. Целью исследования является углубленный анализ причины образования селевых потоков, наряду с этим, выявление региональной специфики селей под влиянием местных факторов, а также закономерностей пространственного распределения селей. Анализ экспедиционных данных и гидрологический мониторинг показали, что в последние годы на Евразийском континенте в связи с военными действиями, конфликтами и столкновениями в нижнем слое атмосферы увеличилось количество радиации. По этой причине происходит выпадение твердых атмосферных осадков, которые приводят к увеличению вероятности селей. Выявлено, что селевые потоки, наряду с изменением синоптических процессов и интенсивностью суточных осадков, зависят от направления выпадения, а также от транспортировки продуктов выветривания. По этим соображениям при одинаковых ливневых осадках в первом случае на реках проходят сели, а во втором — паводок. Это объясняется в первом случае достаточным, а во втором — недостаточным количеством продуктов выветривания
Тенденции изменения климата и их проявления на водосборе бассейна реки Асса-Талас
Authors: Мустафаев Ж.С. , Козыкеева А.Т. , Абдешев К.Б. , Турсынбаев Н.А.
Published: June 2024

Для прогноза современных изменений климата и их проявления на водосборе бассейна реки Асса-Талас создана база исследований, собранная из многолетних информационно-аналитических материалов РГП «Казгидромет» и «Кыргызгидромет», Всемирной метеорологической организации и справочно-информационного портала «Погода и климат», позволяющих изучить тенденции в пространственно-временном масштабе. На основе созданной базы исследования по метеорологическим станциям Сусамыр, Талас, Кызыл-Адыр, Нурлыкент, Тараз, Саудакент и Ойык, расположенных на водосборных территориях бассейна реки Асса-Талас, с использованием программы Microsoft Excel построены графики временного ряда среднегодовых температур воздуха и годовых атмосферных осадков и получены уравнения их линейного тренда, которые позволили разработать математическую модель темпа прироста климатических и гидрологических показателей, имеющих достаточно высокий физический и математический смысл, базирующегося на законе природы. Анализ темпа роста климатических показателей на территории водосбора бассейна реки Асса-Талас показывает, что их количественные значения по всем метеорологическим станциям не совпадают, то есть в современных условиях темп прироста среднегодовых температур воздуха в сравнении темпа роста годовых атмосферных осадков в два раза больше, который способствует повышению дефицита водопотребления естественных и культурных сельскохозяйственных угодий до 25 % и уменьшению поверхностного гидрологического стока до 15 %, сравнительно к середине ХХ века, обеспечивающих водную безопасность региона.
Heavy Metals Contamination in Snow Cover of Pavlodar (Kazakhstan)
Authors: Faurat A.A. , Azhaev G.S. , Kakezhanova Sh.K. , Dossova M.T.
Published: June 2024

A study of the concentration of heavy metals in snow cover was carried out in Pavlodar in the area of influence of the Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant and other industrial facilities. Significant excesses of background concentrations of manganese, chromium, vanadium and other metals were detected. The distribution of metals in the snow cover showed that the elements have high values near the oil refinery and decrease at a distance of 700 m. The possible influence of other industrial enterprises and the direction of winds from CHP-3 are also noted. Manganese and barium show more stable values, and chromium, zinc, lead and cadmium have increased concentration near JSC “Kaustik”. The total concentration of manganese, strontium, cobalt and arsenic varies slightly across all sites, indicating uniform contamination by these substances. Lead is highest in industrial areas and in populated areas with highways. Aluminum and iron are widespread, with the lowest values in the Zhanaul village at a distance of 3 km from the Petrochemical Plant. The results of the study highlight the importance of controlling and monitoring heavy metal pollution and the need to take measures to reduce anthropogenic impacts on the natural environment.
Эколого-статистическое прогнозирование качества воды реки Есиль в Северо-Казахстанской области
Authors: Шайкина Д.Н. , Галактионова Е.В. , Маратова А.С. , Тлеубергенова Г.С. , Базарбаева С.М. , Панченко В.Ю. , Жадан К.С.
Published: June 2024

В статье представлены различные подходы для оценки качества водных ресурсов реки Есиль на территории Северо-Казахстанской области с использованием результатов экологического мониторинга. Дана краткая характеристика реки, являющейся трансграничной артерией для региона. Приведена динамика комплексного индекса загрязненности воды (КИЗВ) за исследуемый период. Выполнен сравнительный анализ величин КИЗВ, показывающий его снижение за период 2014–2018 гг. Качество воды реки Есиль характеризовалось как умеренного уровня загрязнения. Авторами также приведены основные положения действующего в Казахстане с 2019 года нового нормативного документа «Единая система классификации качества воды в водных объектах», и представлена оценка качества исследуемого объекта в соответствии с его требованиями. Применяя существующие эколого-статистические методы моделирования, был выполнен прогноз развития значений КИЗВ реки Есиль в Северо-Казахстанской области в среднесрочном периоде. Прогноз был основан на построении тренда линейной функции. Адекватность использования подобных расчетов для построения графического изображения была подтверждена определением коэффициентов, которые оптимально оценивают прогнозную модель. Полученные результаты не показывают увеличения параметров КИЗВ в ближайшей перспективе, так как между зависимым и независимым компонентами линейной функции была выявлена обратная связь, характеризующая снижение эндогенного параметра с течением времени. Результаты моделирования объектов экосистемы необходимы для анализа и прогнозирования развития ситуаций, позволяющих не допускать ухудшения качества окружающей среды. Приведенная методика может быть использована при разработке и совершенствовании программ устойчивого развития региона.
Перспективы развития палеонтологического туризма в Западном Казахстане
Authors: Якупова Д.Б. , Ахмеденов К.М. , Джунельбекова М.К. , Ахметова Ж.А.
Published: June 2024

Палеонтология является важным и составным разделом геологии и представляет собой важную научную дисциплину, помогающую лучше понять историю жизни на Земле. Популяризация палеонтологии в настоящее время основана на находках окаменелостей. Целью данной работы явилось выявление потенциальных местонахождений для палеонтологического туризма в Западном Казахстане. Материалы были изучены с использованием опыта и методик, применяемых в классической палеонто­логии. В статье рассмотрен вопрос о возможности развития палеонтологического туризма в Западном Казахстане. Приведено описание основных локаций естественных местонахождений окаменелостей беспозвоночных и позвоночных организмов, такие как пос. Погодаево, меловое плато Актолагай, Аккогершин, некрополь Кара бала-Кан Темир, горы Кой-кара, Иман-кара, ущелье Сулулы Капы, урочища Мангистауской области, приведены места хранения окаменелостей, осмотра и изучения палеонтологических находок. Предложена модель палеонтологического туризма. В целом, у Западного Казахстана есть перспектива развития палеонтологического туризма экскурсионного и познавательного характера. Для этого регион обладает большим количеством ресурсов и различных краеведческих и экологических музеев, содержащих палеонтологические материалы.
Feeding of the caspian seal (Pusa caspica Gmelin, 1788)	during haul out periods at the Kenderli rookery (Middle Caspian)
Authors: Iskakov A.A. , Shagilbaev A.U. , Baimukanov M.T.
Published: June 2024

The Kendirli Haul-Out Site of the Caspian Seal served as the sole haul-out location in the Central Caspian Sea. Consequently, data obtained regarding the seal's diet at this site holds significant importance for the study and conservation of the Caspian Seal population. This study analyzed the diet of the Caspian Seal based on fecal collections from the Kendirli Haul-Out Site spanning from 2015 to 2019. Given the Caspian Seal's endangered status, a vital in vivo method of coprological analysis was employed to assess its diet. Comparative analysis of the seal's diet was conducted across seasons and years, and fish lengths consumed by seals were determined using otoliths extracted from feces. The study revealed that the Caspian Seal's diet at the Kendirli Haul-Out Site comprises 11 fish species, including species of the Cyprinidae family and Benthophilus genus, along with unidentified species of gobies. It was observed that the seal's diet varies seasonally; during autumn, the primary food source consists of gobies, whereas in spring, Atherina caspia predominates the diet. Additionally, carp species, Clupeonella caspia, and Alosa braschnikowi are present in the spring diet but absent in the autumn diet. Reconstruction of fish length ranges for three fish species — Neogobius melanostomus affinis, N. pallasi, and Alosa braschnikowi — demonstrated that seals consume fish ranging from 30 to 260 mm in length.
Culture of sheep poxvirus in a 3D Vero cells culture model
Authors: Nakhanov A.K. , Zhapparova G.A. , Bulatov Ye.A. , Terebay A.A. , Seidakhmetova B.A. , Sametova Zh.Zh. , Turyskeldi Sh.S.
Published: June 2024

In the article the production of a three-dimensional culture of Vero cells using the methods of “hanging drop” and roller cultivation was described. The resulting spheroids remain viable for more than four days. For the formation of large spheroids with good proliferative activity, the inoculum concentration should be 200000 cells/ml. The additional study of the cell proliferation index in spheroids showed that cell growth was 3.5 times on the second day. A comparative study of the biological activity of the sheep poxvirus in 3D cell culture was carried out in comparison with traditional2D cultivation. After infection of the spheroids with sheep poxvirus in the first passage, the virus titer was 5.33±0.04 lg TCID50/ml. At the second and third passages, the biological activity of the virus increased to 6.33±0.04 and 6.41±0.04 lg TCID50/ml, respectively. Considering these data, three-dimensional culture allows for obtaining much cell biomass with high biological activity compared to the traditional culture method.
Frequency of rs731236, rs7975232 and rs1544410 single nucleotide polymorphisms of Vitamin-D Receptor (VDR) gene among the Kazakh ethnic group
Authors: Protas V.V. , Pogossyan G.P. , Li K.G.
Published: June 2024

In the article the pilot study results of the genotypes and individual allele’s frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs731236, rs7975232 and rs1544410 in vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene were presented. The participants were representatives of the Kazakh ethnic group. The SNPs were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) technology. The relevance of the study is that rs731236, rs7975232 and rs1544410 contribute to the regulation of VDR gene expression. This affects the synthesis of the VDR protein and its activity as a transcription factor. VDR regulates various metabolic pathways, including the immune response to infectious diseases. In rs731236, the A allele (68.9 %) prevailed over the G (31.1 %). The AA, AG and GG genotypes were 52.1 %, 33.6 % and 14.3 %, respectively. For rs7975232, there were no significant differences in the alleles A and C (42.4 % vs. 57.6 %). There was a predominance of AC and CC genotypes (39.5 % and 37.8 %, respectively), over AA (22.7 %). Allele A of rs1544410 was not found in the Kazakh population. The allele C was 65.6 %, T — 25.6 %, and G — 8.8 %. The frequencies of the CC and CT genotypes were similar (40.3 % vs. 39.5 %). It is possible to study the influence of these SNPs on COVID-19 susceptibility among Kazakhs.
Selection of Bergenia crassifolia specimens based on a complex of decorative characteristics in the flora of Kazakhstan Altai and their introduction in the Altai Botanical Garden
Authors: Tuchina L.A. , Danilova A.N. , Sumbembayev A.A. , Lagus O.A.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to select Bergenia crassifolia specimens from different eco-geographical habitats in natural populations of the Kazakhstan Altai based on a complex of decorative characteristics and their introduction testing in the Altai Botanical Garden, creating promising forms for inclusion in the landscaping assortment. The growth of B. crassifolia in the Kazakhstan Altai has been established on the mountain ranges of the Southern and Southwestern Altai in the mountain forest and alpine belts with a vertical distribution threshold of 1100–1800 m above sea level. For introduction, promising samples of B. crassifolia based on economically valuable indicators were selected on the ridges of the Southern and Southwestern Altai. Classical botanical methods were used. Based on the results of the research, a collection of 74 specimens of B. crassifoliа was created in the Altai Botanical Garden, among them 59 decorative specimens with high winter hardiness, a full cycle of seasonal development, responding to weather conditions by changing the duration of the phenological phases of development. Based on the timing of flowering, the samples are classified as spring-early flowering and spring-mid flowering. Based on the results of a comparative assessment, 8 forms were recommended for inclusion in the landscaping assortment with a decorative score of 87–98 points.
Species Suaeda Forssk. of the Aral-Balkhash region flora in the collections of the Herbarium (AA)
Authors: Ussen S , Vesselova P.V. , Kudabayeva G.M. , Kurmanbayeva M.S. , Osmonali B.B.
Published: June 2024

In the article a complete list of specimens of species of the genus Suaeda Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel. of the Aral-Balkhash region, stored in the herbarium fund of the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction (Almaty, Kazakhstan) was provided. Suaeda species are divided into 5 sections (Schanginia C.A. Mey, Lachnostigma Iljin, Conosperma Iljin, Physophora Iljin, Heterosperma Iljin). The aim of the research was to critically study the specimens of species of the genus Suaeda of the Aral-Balkhash region, available in the Herbarium (AA) for further revision of the genus. This territory includes 5 floristic regions (14 — Aral Sea, 15 — Kyzylorda, 16 — Betpakdala, 17 — Muyunkum (Moiynkum) and 18 — Balkhash-Alakul.). During the screening of species of the genus within the study region, 240 herbarium specimens were reviewed, belonging to 15 species. A comparison of the representation of species in the collection fund of the Herbarium with the data of literary sources was carried out. Floristic areas have been identified in which, despite the availability of information about the presence of the studied species on their territory, there is no herbarium material. At the same time, floristic areas are noted in which the presence of certain species of Suaeda was not previously cited in literary sources, but they are present in the collections of the Herbarium. The degree of study of each region was determined for the further compilation of the current expedition route in order to replenish the herbarium fund. The paper presents a synopsis of the studied group of species with an information block of herbarium labels for each taxon. The features of the distribution of Suaeda species of the Aral-Balkhash region in 5 floristic regions with an indication of the number of specimens for each taxon are revealed.
Cпутник-V вакцинасымен вакцинацияланған адамдардың TLR7, TLR4, TMPRSS13, IL-4 және IFN-γ гендерінің экспрессия динамикасын бағалау
Authors: Кадырова И.А. , Балгабекова А.Б. , Барханская В.И. , Әбсағит Л.Н.
Published: June 2024

Мақалада Спутник-V вакцинасымен иммундалғаннан кейін туындаған TLR7, TLR4, TMPRSS13, IFN-γ, IL-4 гендерінің экспрессиясының өзгерістері зерттелген. Жұмыс Қарағанды медицина университетінің базасында жүргізілді. COVID-19-ға қарсы екпе алмаған еріктілерден веноздық қан үлгілері вакцинациядан бұрын, Спутник-V 1- және 2-дозаларын енгізгеннен 21 күн өткеннен кейін және 6 айдан соң жиналды. Биологиялық үлгілерді жинағаннан кейін, вакцинаны дельта тәрізді бұлшық етке 1±0,5×1011 рекомбинантты аденовирустық (rAd) бөлшектері бар Спутник-V 0,5 мл дозасы енгізілді. 1 және 2 дозалары, сәйкесінше, 21 күн аралығымен енгізілетін rАd26 және rAd5-тен тұрды. Зерттеу басталғанға дейін екі апта ішінде респираторлық симптомдардың болуы немесе зертханалық расталған COVID-19 диагнозын есептемеу критерийі болды. Үлгілерден РНҚ бөліп алған соң, кері транскрипциямен полимераздық тізбекті реакция өткізілді. Статистикалық өңдеу IBMSPSS 26 нұсқасында орындалды. Краскел-Уоллис критерийі, Пирсон χ2 немесе топаралық салыстырулар үшін нақты Фишер критерийі қолданылды. 95 % сенімділік интервалдары (СИ) биномдық «дәл» әдіспен есептелді. Алынған нәтижелер бойынша TLR7, TLR4, TMPRSS13, IFN-γ және IL-4 гендерінің гиперэкспрессиясы анықталды. Бұл Спутник-V вакцинациясынан кейін иннативті иммунитеттің ұзақ уақыт белсендірілуін көрсетеді. Зерттеу нәтижелері аденовирустық векторларға негізделген вакциналарды қолдана отырып, адамдарда жаттыққан иммунитетті индукциялау мүмкіндігі туралы гипотезаны растайды. Біздің нәтижелеріміз қоғамды жұқпалы аурулардан қорғауды жақсарту перспективаларын ашатын жақсырақ вакцинация стратегиялары мен жаңа вакциналарды әзірлеуге негіз бола алады.
Некоторые данные из Архива А.И. Шренка об использовании растений в народной медицине населением Казахстана в первой половине XIX столетия
Authors: Беделбаева М.В. , Лебедева Т.П.
Published: June 2024

В ходе работы с материалами Гербария Ботанического института им. В.Л. Комарова РАН (г. Санкт-Петербург, РФ) и Архивом А.И. Шренка, который хранится в Санкт-Петербургском отделении Архива РАН, был найден датированный 1841 годом неопубликованный ранее документ под названием «Выписка из медико-топографического описания Кокчетавского округа лекаря Богословского». В нем содержатся любопытные сведения об использовании населением некоторых местных и привозных растений для лечения ряда болезней (цинга, воспаление глаз, горячка, цистит, чесотка, лишай и др.). Вероятно, как раз эти сведения и заинтересовали А.И. Шренка, собиравшего во время своих путешествий самую разнообразную информацию о мало исследованных в этот период землях. В статье описано применение в лекарственных целях Allium cepa L., Lithospermum officinale L., Atraphaxis frutescens (L.) K. Koch, Pentanema salicinum (L.) D. Gut. Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E. Rico & M.M. Mart. Ort., Inula helenium L. и др., уточнена видовая принадлежность некоторых из них. Такие данные дополняют существующие в науке представления о лекарственных свойствах растений и использовании их для лечения в первой половине XIX века.
Investigating the Fouling Models of the Microfiltration Mixed Matrix Membranes-Based Oxide Nanoparticles Applied for Oil-in-Water Emulsion Separation
Authors: Sadek Sara A. , Al-Jubouri Sama M. , Al-Batty Sirhan
Published: June 2024

Membrane fouling is a major problem encountered in the use of microfiltration (MF) processes to separate the emulsified oil from water. This work involves assessing the efficacy of removing oil-in-water emulsion (O/W emulsion), and evaluating fouling resistance by studying the membrane morphology before and after fouling, and after washing with different cleaning solutions via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. Also, the fundamental mechanism involved in the flux drop during crossflow MF has been assessed using models such as the Hermia blocking models and the modified model by Field. The standard and intermediate pore blocking models provided the best prediction for experimental behavior when analyzing the decay in the flux with time for the bio silicon oxide/polyvinylchloride (B-SiO2/PVC) membrane and the stannic oxide/polyvinylchloride (SnO2/PVC) membrane. This research established regression equations of the flux for both membranes in which these equations are highly correlated with R2 of 98.33% for B-SiO2/PVC and R2 of 99.52% for SnO2/PVC using the surface response methodology (RSM). The high flux recovery ratio (FRR) is indicative of the improved antifouling feature of the manufactured membranes where it was 96.8% for B-SiO2/PVC and 94.6% for SnO2/PVC. The results obtained by Hermia and Field were in good agreement with RSM analysis supporting the standard pore-blocking mechanism.
Dehydration of Alcohols to Olefins Catalyzed by ZrAPSO-34 Molecular Sieve
Authors: Mohammed Mazin Jasim , Majeed Najwa Saber , Al-Ani Mohammed J.
Published: June 2024

The lower olefins (Ethylene, propylene, and butylene) are considered the key to the polymeric and petrochemical industries. Dehydration of alcohols to produce light olefins (Methanol-to-olefins reaction) over SAPO-34 molecular sieve has attractedintoigh attention. Modified SAPO-34 zeolite catalyst with Zr metal was successfully prepared under microwave irradiation using morpholine as a structure direct agent. The microwave energy power used was 800 w and the crystallization time was 200 min. The catalyst sample was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, FTIR, and TGA analysis. XRD analysis exhibited a typical chabazite structure with high crystallinity. The analysis showed macrocrystalline particles with moderate distribution of silica in the framework structure and a low surface area of 77 m2/g. The vibration peaks of the prepared catalyst showed agreement with the SAPO-34 CHA structure. Catalyst performance towards methanol-to-olefins conversion was performed in a trickle bed reactor with temperatures of 350, 400, 450, and 500 oC at a weight hourly space velocity of 7.7 h-1. The results also reveal at a temperature of 400 oC , that the best olefins selectivity was obtained, reaching 70%, with a longer lifetime of 500 min. methanol conversion was almost 100% at all reaction temperatures. In addition, the effect of methanol concentration was investigated and the results showed that increasing of water content plays a role in increasing catalyst lifetime and preventing coke depositions in pores.
Heavy Naphtha Desulfurization by Ozone Generated via the DBD Plasma Reactor
Authors: Abdullah Noor M. , Hussien Hussien Q. , Jalil Rana R.
Published: June 2024

This work presents an investigation into the ultra-desulfurization of heavy naphtha fuel (model using BT and DBT) using oxidation and solvent extraction techniques. Ozone produced by the DBD (Dielectric barrier discharge) plasma generator was employed in the oxidation process as an oxidant, and acetonitrile was used as a solvent extraction. Box-Behnken experimental design was adopted in the current study to examine oxidation desulfurization by non-thermal plasma for the various operation conditions including time, flow rate, and temperature on sulfur removal efficiency. Acetonitrile with an oxidized oil/solvent ratio of 1:1(v/v ratio) was utilized as the extraction solvent.  The results showed that the maximum sulfur removal of about 91% was obtained with a temperature of 50°C, flow rate of 75 ml/min, and time of 4 hours.
Removal of Copper and Zinc Metal Ions from Industrial Effluents in Continuous Mode using Modified Date Pits
Authors: Mohsen Huda A. , Ghanim Alaa N.
Published: June 2024

Adsorbents based on agricultural biomass have been subjected to several investigations in recent years owing to their low cost and promising adsorption capabilities. This paper aimed to demonstrate the efficiency of utilizing date pits modified with hydrogen peroxide as agricultural biomass in extracting heavy metals from polluted water in a column continuous flow system. The resulting modified adsorbent (MDP) has a surface area of 278.18 m2/g.  The derived adsorbent was investigated under changed operating parameters including the flow rate (4-12) ml/min, pH (4-10), initial metal ion concentration (30-60) mg/L, and temperature (20-50) °C to determine their effect on heavy metals adsorption efficiency. The response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design was utilized to study the primary and combined influence of four key parameters, including (A) initial metal ion concentration, (B) pH solution, (C) solution temperature, and (D) flow rates of the influent, on the metal removing efficiency (Re%). optimization in fact, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a high coefficient of regression, or R2 > 0.90. Furthermore, the removal efficiency was positively influenced by reducing the initial ion concentration, flow rate, and temperature. in addition, the pH shows maximum effectiveness at a neutral state. In general, Cu (II) adsorption shows a higher affinity to adsorb over the MDP surface compared to Zn (II). The MDP adsorbents exhibited a promising removal efficiency for metal ions and further investigations are needed.
Investigation of Wellbore Instability in Southern Rumaila Oil Field
Authors: Zaidan Ali F. , Hadi Farqad A. , Klempa Martin
Published: June 2024

This study aims to address the issue by providing valuable insights into the factors contributing to the wellbore instability and proposing effective measures to mitigate the problem in the southern part of the Rumaila oil field. A comprehensive one-dimensional mechanical earth model (1D MEM) was developed by utilizing various logs data from 4 wells across the south part of this field, including gamma ray, bit size, caliper, bulk density, and sonic compression and shear logs. The model was validated with laboratory tests, including Brazilin and Triaxial tests, as well as repeated formation tests. To analyze the wellbore stability, three different failure criteria, namely Mohr-Coulomb, Mogi-Coulomb, and Modified lade, were employed. The results indicated that the Mogi-Coulomb criterion was the most accurate failure criterion in predicting rock failure. Wellbore instability problems had been observed across the shale sections throughout the Rumaila oil field, particularly through Tanuma, Khasib, top and bottom of Ahmadi, Nahr Umr, and Upper Shale members and Middle Shale members of Zubair formations. The 1D MEM results indicated that Shaly formations exhibited low stiffness rocks (low Young's Modulus (YME)), low rock strength, and high Poisson's ratio (PR), suggesting potential challenges related to wellbore instability in the Tanuma, top and bottom of Ahmadi, Nahr-Umr, and Zubair formations. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the safest mud weight and the optimum well trajectory for future drilling operations. According to the updated mud window of this field in 2023, the pressure in the Mishrif and Zubair formations was reinforced by injection wells, as it was noted that the pressure behavior shifted from depletion (2000 Psi). Based on the findings of this study, the good inclination of (0-25°) can be drilled with the mud weight of 1.24-1.26 sg, while the good inclination of (25-40°) can be drilled with the mud weight of 1.28-1.30 sg in all directions (i.e., all azimuths). The stress regime in most of the formations was found to be a strike-slip to a normal fault regime. The findings of this study can significantly benefit the oil industry and enhance overall productivity.
Torque and Drag Analysis for Horizontal Extended Reach Coiled Tubing Drilling
Authors: Alezzi Mustafa M. , Khader Ali , Kader Aiham S.
Published: June 2024

One of the major elements faced in downhole drilling operations of oil and gas wells is the limited reach of coiled tubing (CT) in horizontal wellbores. To address this issue, this work creates an extended reach limit simulation of CT with starting bending curvature in a horizontal wellbore for an Iraqi well in the Ahdeb oil field. Using Drillbench software, a calculation approach is provided based on contact force and buckling models to determine the extended reach limit of CT. The findings of this study have significant implications for improving downhole drilling engineering design parameters and predicting the extended reach limit of CT. By considering factors such as friction resistance and contact force between the wellbore, a more accurate assessment of the CT’s abilities can be suggested based on well trajectory curvature and well devotion. To achieve this, a slim open hole with a diameter of 6 inches was drilled to a measured depth ranging from 3755 to 3986.5 m. The results showed that a consistent trend in azimuth and inclination in the completed section, with the hook load increasing by about 25 tons during pickup and decreasing by 11.4 tons during slack-off along the curved section due to friction effect. Additionally, elongation and relative stress showed slight increase during pickup in curved areas due to friction and temperature effect, while values decreased during slack-off due to drag action. Pressure loss in the curved section was found to be lower compared to the vertical section, primarily due to the bit nozzle discharge effect. Eventually, the friction coefficient values remained within acceptable industry limits. Ultimately, the study determined limited extended lengths for CT in this horizontal well.
Pilot Area Formation Evaluation: Upper Shale Member/ Rumaila Oil Field
Authors: Saleh Arafat T. , Al-Jawad Mohammed S.
Published: June 2024

This study aims to conduct a comprehensive formation evaluation of a pilot area within the Upper Shale Member of the Rumaila Oil Field. This evaluation is an essential step in the full development of the field. The application of well-log data and core analyses can help in obtaining the desired information about the geological characteristics of the formation. The process begins with measuring the formation temperature and water resistance utilizing Schlumberger’s charts and equations. The volume of shale was determined by two different methods, which were then used together to obtain the final shale volume. The porosity was determined using the conventional porosity equations from the porosity logs and the saturation was estimated based on Archie's equation. In core data analysis, an unconventional technique was utilized to determine rock type and permeability. The core porosity and the permeability were classified into four groups mainly using a self-organizing map and an unsupervised machine-learning method, and selected regression equations of each group were applied to estimate permeability in the core. The method depicted a good agreement between the core and estimated permeabilities, proving it as an effective tool. A complicated training data set was constructed based on the use of a multilayer perceptron neural network on coreless wells to identify rock types and permeability. Analyzing the petrophysical properties of the study area showed evidence that this area is characterized by heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of this formation is due to the presence of a considerable amount of shale, in addition to the significant characteristic differences in the layers and the same layer in different locations. The abundance of shale rock poses challenges during drilling operations, particularly due to shale washout which can lead to mechanical issues with the drilling string. Therefore, caution is advised when drilling new wells in the area to mitigate shale washout risks. Furthermore, the analysis identified layers with high hydrocarbon saturation that are viable for production. Conversely, some layers, characterized by shale presence and poor rock quality, are deemed unsuitable for production, and should not be considered as reservoir rock.
Development of an Oil Well Casing Program for Optimal Production
Authors: Tromo Felicia Christelle Glawdys , Tankoua Nkojap Gabriel Pascal , Malwe Boudoue Hubert , Nyang Kibanya Noel , Takougang Kingni Sifeu
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with the development of a casing program on a well called A4-1 (for confidentiality reasons) for safe and cost-effective production. The data used are geological data and information on different depths. To achieve the paper's objective, first, the different casing installation depths are determined using Excel software, and the mud program required for drilling, as well as the different casing diameters, are found through analysis of the tool selection diagram. After calculating the various pressures and loads, the drilling handbook is used to select the different grades for each casing. The results show that, at a depth of 6480 feet, the surface casing has a diameter of 11"3/4, weight of 65 ppf, and grade K55. At a depth of 9,200 ft, an 8"5/8 diameter casing is used, with a weight of 44 ppf, and a grade C90. At depths of 10333.6 ft, the production casing is 6''5/8 in diameter, weighs 32 ppf, and is grade C90. The investment for the casing is profitable for a casing installation time of one month.
Analisis Penilaian Kondisi Jembatan Ruas Jalan Peninggalan – Sei Lilin Dengan Metode Bridge Management System (BMS)
Authors: Fauzi Marguan Fauzi
Published: June 2024

Jembatan merupakan konstruksi yang sangat penting karena menghubungkan 2 daratan yang terpisah oleh rintangan baik itu sungai, jalan atau yang lain. Apabila jembatan mengalami kerusakan, maka akan sangat mempengaruhi sarana transportasi dan distribusi didaerah tersebut. Demi mencegah hal tersebut, maka diperlukan upaya preventif berupa pemeriksaan jembatan. Kegiatan pemeriksaan jembatan adalah kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk memastikan keadaaan jembatan aman dilalui oleh para pengguna jaringan jalan yang akan melintasi jembatan tersebut. Kegiatan pemeriksaan jembatan dilaksanakan dibawah sistem manajemen jembatan atau Bridge Management System (BMS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi jembatan dan untuk mendapatkan tindakan perbaikan atau penanganan yang tepat pada jembatan di ruas jalan Peninggalan – Sei Lilin. Dari hasil pemeriksaan dan penilaian menggunakan metode BMS didapatkan nilai kondisi Jembatan pada Jembatan Air Suak Pulau didapatkan nilai kondisi 3 kategori rusak berat diperlukan rehabilitasi, Jemabatan Air Bedeng Tujuh nilai kondisi 2 kategori rusak sedang diperlukan pemeliharaan rutin dan pada jembatan Air Pelepahan nilai kondisi 2 usulan penangan yang harus dilakukan adalah pemeliharaan rutin
Perencanaan Bangunan Tempat Pembuangan Sementara Sampah Di Kelurahan Talang Jawa Kecamatan Baturaja Barat
Authors: Putri Yuliantini Eka , Desromi Ferry , Kartikasari Enda
Published: June 2024

Kabupaten OKU terbagi dalam 13 kecamatan yang terdiri dari 14 Kelurahan dan 143 Desa, dengan salah satu kelurahannya yaitu kelurahan Talang Jawa yang merupakan salah satu kelurahan terpadat di Kecamatan Baturaja Barat, dengan jumlah penduduk 7332 jiwa dengan kepadatan penduduk 642 per km2 (BPS OKU, 2021). Dengan jumlah masyarakat sebesar itu, maka timbulan sampah yang akan dihasilkan besar pula dan Kelurahan Talang Jawa belum memiliki Tempat Pembuangan Sampah (TPS). Karna tidak adanya Tempat Pembuangan Sampah inilah yang menjadi dasar dari penelitian ini, Selama ini Sampah itumpuk di tanah kosong milik desa yang berada ditepi jalan raya. Tahun perencanaan dalam penelitian ini adalah 5 tahun (2023-2027). Untuk menghitung pertumbuhan penduduk 5 tahun yang akan datang, digunakan metode Aritmatik didapatkan jumlah penduduk Kelurahan Talang Jawa adalah 2213 KK,dengan laju pertambahan penduduk 1,39 % pertahun, dan jumlah timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan sebanyak 27,663 m3/hari. Dari data yang didapat maka timbulan sampah yang dihailkan pertahun sebanyak 10.096,995 m3/tahun. Dari analisa data yang dilakukan dengan memperhitungkan laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang menimbulkan sampah didapatkan bahwa komposisi sampah yang akan digunakan di TPS 3R yang akan direncanakan ini, yaitu sampah organik yang terdiri dari 12% sampah sisa sayuran dan buah, 18% sampah kebun berupa daun-daun kering, dan kertas 32%. sampah anorganik terdiri dari 25% plastik, dan besi/logam 12% serta sampah B3 sebanyak 1%. Total luas lahan untuk perencanaan TPS 3R di kelurahan Talang Jawa adalah seluas 396, 75 m2.