bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islam and Environment: Education Perspective
Authors: Fathil Mohd. , Saam Zulfan , Sukendi Sukendi , Nizar Syamsul
Published: October 2015

A Muslim views that nature belongs to God and human beings must show that they are grateful by learning how to use and manage it well so that it can provide benefits to the mankind. Exploiting nature taught by Islam is based on the utilization of responsibility that provides benefits not only for its content but also its intact and sustainable opportunities to cultivate and for rehabilitation or to help speed up its recovery. Humans are required to have certain characters towards nature, which means dealing with nature by maintaining sustainability. Therefore, God gives cues to enable people to control themselves in exploitation of the natural resources which causes defection that can harm and even destroy human life. For that reason, Islam forbids destructing or harming the environment ranging from very small actions and trivial such as prohibiting throwing human faces under a fruit tree, in the river, on the road, or in the shelter areas. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is also very concerned about the preservation of wildlife, as described in the Hadith narrated by Abu Dawood. Even Prophet never reprimanded one of his companions during the Hijrah period to take the chicks out of the nest. Similarly, Islam cares about the environment created by God which human beings are mandated to maintain nature properly and responsibly. Keywords: Concept of Islam, the environment, education.Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
The Education in Local Islamic Culture of Maulid Nabi Tradition: a Case Study in Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan Padang Pariaman Boarding School
Authors: Rivauzi Ahmad
Published: October 2015

A wave of globalization encourages intercultural contact more rapidly. This led to  an integration between the new values with the old ones that occur outside as well as inside the organization. This encourages the fusion of process and haziness value, even the erosion of the original values of the previously sacred and the identity of a nation. This paper focus on the tradition of Maulid Nabi as one of the local Islamic traditions in Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan Padang Pariaman Boarding School. The tradition of the Maulid Nabi (Prophet's birthday) is a particular religious practice as a result of the grounding the normative teachings of Islam into reality. Education through local Islamic culture is needed by a community in order to have resilience and ability to acquire the significance life such as found in the Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan Pariaman Boarding School’s community. Keyword : Education, Local Islamic culture, and Warnings Birth of the ProphetCopyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Controle alternativo de nematoide das galhas (Meloidogyne incognita) raça 2, com óleos essenciais em solo
Authors: Moreira Francisco José Carvalho , Santos Carmem Dolores Gonzaga , Innecco Renato , Silva Gilson Soares da
Published: October 2015

A ação de produtos naturais sobre fitopatógenos tem sido investigada visando-se avaliar sua eficácia no controle alternativo de doenças, principalmente na agricultura orgânica. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos óleos essenciais de alecrim pimenta (Lippia sidoides) e capim citronela (Cymbopogonwinterianus) no controle de Meloidogyne incognita raça 2, em tomate (Solanumlycopersicum) e celósia (Celosia plicata). Para tanto, conduziu-se ensaio em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com cinco repetições. O ensaio foi realizado em casa de vegetação do Setor de Fitossanidade do Departamento de Fitotecnia/CCA/UFC, no período de abril a junho de 2007. As mudas utilizadas neste ensaio foram transplantadas para vasos plástico contendo 2 kg de solo estéril, nos quais, 24 horas após o transplantio, foram inoculados com 4.000 ovos/J2 de M. incognita, raça 2, exceto as testemunhas negativas. Em 50% do número de vasos, aplicou-se, logo em seguida, 100 ml das soluções de cada óleo essencial em cada vaso na concentração de 2,5 ml L-1. Esperaram-se mais 48 horas para aplicação da mesma quantidade nos vasos restantes. Este volume corresponde a 60% da capacidade de campo desse substrato, que foi previamente calculada. A avaliação final do ensaio deu-se aos 45 dias após a inoculação. Analisou-se em relação ao nematoide: número de galhas (NG), número de ovos (NO), índice de massas de ovos (IMO), fator de reprodução (FR), redução no fator de reprodução (RFR). Quanto ao desenvolvimento das plantas mensurou-se: altura da planta, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e massa fresca do sistema radicular. Verificou-se que a reprodução do nematoide, mostrou-se menos eficiente em tomate. Os óleos essenciais empregados reduziram a taxa reprodutiva do nematoide em 83 e 29%, em tomate e celósia, respectivamente. As épocas de aplicação dos óleos essenciais diferiram quanto à reprodução do nematoide, para número de galhas e fator de reprodução.
Resistência de cultivares de trigo à giberela mediante inoculação artificial em espiguetas
Authors: Deuner Carolina Cardoso , Viana Eduardo , Camera Juliane Nicolodi , Reis Erlei Melo
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a concentração ótima de conídios de F. graminearumpara inoculação artificial em espiguetas de trigo e verificar o tipo de resistência à giberela (Tipo I e/ou II) dos cultivares de trigo. O trabalho foi composto por dois experimentos, sendo que no primeiro determinou-se a concentração ótima de conídios mL-1 para inoculação artificial em quatro cultivares. Para isso, testou-se as concentraçóes de 5x103, 15x103, 25x103, 35x103 e 40x103 conídios mL-1. Vinte e um dias após a inoculação quantificou-se a incidência de F. graminearum em espiguetas, sendo que através de análise de regressão, determinou-se a concentração ótima de conídios mL-1 para cada cultivar. No segundo experimento, avaliou-se a resistência à giberela dos cultivares de trigo mediante inoculação artificial, utilizou-se a mesma metodologia do experimento anterior e a concentração de 31x103conídios mL-1. As variáveis avaliadas foram severidade, grão giberelados e incidência em espiguetas gibereladas. A melhor concentração para inoculação artificial de giberela em espiguetas de trigo é de 31x103conídios mL-1. A maior severidade da doença foi verificada para os cultivares de trigo BRS 208 e Pampeano e a maior percentagem de grão giberelado foi para o cultivar BRS 208. Os cultivares Pampeano e BRS 177 não apresentaram resistência do Tipo I à giberela, porém apresentam do Tipo II, enquanto que os cultivares Mirante e BRS 208 não apresentam nenhum dos dois tipos de resistência.
Respostas à seleção de características de desempenho em tilápia-do-nilo
Authors: Porto Emilia de Paiva , Oliveira Carlos Antonio Lopes de , Martins Elias Nunes , Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira , Conti Ana Carolina Müller , Kunita Natali Miwa , Oliveira Sheila Nogueira de , Porto Petrônio Pinheiro
Published: October 2015

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos e respostas direta e indireta à seleção de características de desempenho em tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), bem como avaliar o impacto da seleção sobre o ganho genético. Foram utilizadas informações de tilápias-do-nilo, sob seleção em um programa de melhoramento genético, cultivadas em sistema de tanques-rede, de 2008 a 2010. Estimaram-se herdabilidades e correlações genéticas das características ganho em peso diário e, à despesca, peso, largura, altura e comprimento do tronco, além dos ganhos genéticos obtidos com as estimativas de tendências genéticas e das respostas à seleção dessas características. As estimativas de herdabilidade ficaram em torno de 30%. As estimativas de correlações genéticas e de postos foram de alta magnitude. O ganho genético direto para ganho em peso diário foi de 7,9, 5,18 e 9,43%, em 2008, 2009 e 2010, respectivamente. Os ganhos genéticos obtidos a partir das tendências genéticas foram de 6,36, 6,30, 1,62, 1,65 e 1,51%, respectivamente, para ganho em peso diário, peso, largura, altura e comprimento do tronco. O incremento na velocidade de crescimento por meio da seleção impacta positivamente características de desempenho em tilápia-do-nilo.
Adubação, produtividade e rentabilidade da rotação entre soja e milho em solo com fertilidade construída
Authors: Lacerda Julian Junio de Jesús , Resende Álvaro Vilela de , Furtini Neto Antonio Eduardo , Hickmann Clério , Conceição Otávio Prates da
Published: October 2015

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação sobre os teores de P e K, em solo com fertilidade construída, e identificar as doses de N, P e K necessárias para obtenção de maior rentabilidade com a rotação entre soja e milho nesses solos. O experimento foi realizado durante três safras, em propriedade com alto investimento tecnológico, em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo argiloso de Cerrado, com elevada fertilidade. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdividas e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de 0, 50, 100 e 150% das doses de fertilizantes NPK recomendadas na semeadura (parcelas) e das doses de KCl (soja) e N (milho) em cobertura (subparcelas). Mesmo após a colheita das três safras, os teores de P (Mehlich-1) se mantiveram inalterados no solo sem adubação. Além disso, não houve decréscimo na produtividade da soja na ausência de adubação. O milho, no entanto, foi mais sensível à redução de adubação, com o máximo retorno econômico obtido com 312 kg ha-1 do adubo formulado 10-32-10, e 263 kg ha-1 de ureia em cobertura. Solos com fertilidade construída demandam ajustes de manejo de adubação, para o uso eficiente dos fertilizantes em lavouras com alto investimento tecnológico.
Produção, nutrição e incidência do mal do Panamá em bananeira 'Prata Anã' adubada com potássio
Authors: Silva José Tadeu Alves da , Simão Fúlvio Rodriguez
Published: October 2015

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a dose de K necessária para obter a máxima eficiência física de produção e o nível crítico foliar para o nutriente, bem como verificar a relação da aplicação de K no solo com o equilíbrio nutricional e a incidência do mal do Panamá (Fusarium oxysporum) na bananeira 'Prata Anã' (AAB). O experimento foi realizado por quatro ciclos de produção, na região semiárida de Minas Gerais, em Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico com 69 mg dm-3 de K disponível. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 4×4, com quatro doses de K (0, 250, 500 e 1.000 kg ha-1 por ano de K2O), quatro ciclos de produção e seis repetições. A aplicação de K no solo não influenciou a produção da bananeira no primeiro ciclo. A dose média de K2O para alcançar a máxima eficiência física de produção da 'Prata Anã' no segundo, no terceiro e no quarto ciclos foi de 880 kg ha-1. Os valores médios dos teores foliares de N, K, Ca e Mg foram semelhantes entre os ciclos de produção. O nível crítico médio de K foliar, estimado nos três ciclos de produção, foi de 28,9 g kg-1. A adubação potássica aumenta a produção e a tolerância da bananeira 'Prata Anã' ao mal do Panamá, em solo com médio teor de K.
Inferential abilities based on pictorial stimuli in patients with right hemisphere damage: Influence of schooling
Authors: Ribeiro Ariella Fornachari , Radanovic Marcia
Published: October 2015

Inferences are mental representations, formed through the interaction between explicit linguistic information and an individual's world knowledge. It is well known that individuals with brain damage in the right hemisphere (RH) often fail on this task and that schooling may be a variable affecting this.OBJECTIVE:Objective: To compare the effect of schooling on an inference comprehension task based on pictorial stimuli in patients with RH lesion.METHODS:The inferential abilities of 75 controls and 50 patients with RH lesion were assessed through the pictorial stimuli from the instrument "300 exercises of comprehension of logical and pragmatic inferences and causal chains". Both groups were stratified into two subgroups according to schooling level: 4 to 8 years and 9 or more years.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Highly educated subjects performed better than low educated individuals, both on intergroup and intragroup comparisons (p<0.0001) for logical and pragmatic inference ability.
Interdisciplinary Therapy for patients with dementia
Authors: Cera Maysa Luchesi , Abreu Daniela Cristina Carvalho de , Tamanini Rosângela de Abreu Venancio , Arnaut Amanda Carla , Mandrá Patrícia Pupin , Santana Carla da Silva
Published: October 2015

Patients with dementia require rehabilitation involving several health professionals, where interdisciplinary care can further enhance the routine of patients and their families.OBJECTIVE:To compare the functional performance of elderly with dementia before and after an interdisciplinary intervention program provided by a healthcare service of medium complexity.METHODS: Three cases with clinically-confirmed dementia enrolled on an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program were reported. The following instruments were applied: Mini Mental-State Exam, Clinical Dementia Rating, Geriatric Depression Scale, Lawton & Brody Index, and the Functional Independence Measure for adults (FIM). The therapeutic strategies were individualized and designed based on patient performance on the FIM, according to the criteria of the Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health, implemented at the house of therapy of the Center for Integrated Rehabilitation together with provision of guidance.RESULTS: A reduction in functional dependence was observed after intervention, evidenced by less supervision needed to carry out Activities of Daily Living. Conclusion: The three patients benefited from the interdisciplinary intervention.
Anomalien und Ineffizienz in Produktionsanlagen erkennen
Authors: Michels Jan Stefan , Gatica Carlos Paiz , Köster Markus
Published: October 2015

Industrie 4.0 verspricht produzierenden Unternehmen mit der Digitalisierung und Vernetzung ihrer Wertschöpfungsprozesse ein signifikantes Potenzial. Neben der Steigerung der Flexibilität und der Effizienz ist die stete Verfügbarkeit und Optimierung der Produktion das wesentliche Ziel, um das Beste aus den Anlagen herauszuholen und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu sichern. Im Beitrag werden Technologien und Lösungsansätze für die Erkennung von Anomalien und Ineffizienzen, für die Informationstransparenz und die Infrastruktur vorgestellt, die dazu einen entscheidenden Beitrag leisten.
Simulation im Lebenszyklus einer Prozessanlage
Authors: Oppelt Mathias , Wolf Gerrit , Urbas Leon
Published: October 2015

Die zunehmende Komplexität verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen stellt stetig neue Anforderungen an Design, Engineering und Betrieb dieser Anlagen. Der Einsatz von Simulationstechniken kann einen deutlichen Beitrag dazu leisten, dass sich Fragestellungen frühzeitiger, zuverlässiger und mit geringerem Risiko beantworten lassen. Dieser Beitrag baut auf den Ergebnissen einer globalen Umfrage zur Nutzung von Simulation im Lebenszyklus einer Prozessanlage auf, die in [1] vorgestellt wurden. In Zukunft soll der Einsatz von Simulation durchgängig über den Lebenszyklus einer Prozessanlage erfolgen. Die Realisierung dieser Vision wird anhand eines Prototyps intensiver betrachtet. Damit wird gezeigt, dass die Vision schon heute teilweise realisierbar ist.
Workflow-Management-Systeme im Engineering
Authors: Seidel Heiko , Mühlhause Mathias , Bangemann Felix , Diedrich Christian
Published: October 2015

Aufgrund steigender Komplexität automatisierungstechnischer Anlagen und damit wachsender Anforderungen an die Engineeringwerkzeuge sind Lösungen notwendig, um diese Komplexität zu managen. Ein wesentlicher Ansatzpunkt ist es, die Engineeringprozesse durch Workflow-Management-Systeme (WfMS) zu verbessern, die bereits in diversen Branchen große Vorteile bei der Prozessabarbeitung bieten. Im Beitrag werden Potenziale sowie eine Referenzarchitektur für die Integration von WfMS in Engineeringwerkzeugen vorgestellt. Der Mehrwert für die Planung von Anlagen wird an einem Beispiel aufgezeigt.
The Chameleonisation of Masculinity: Jimmy’s Multiple Performances of a Working-Class Self.
Authors: Ward Michael Rhys Morgan
Published: October 2015

In this paper, drawing on ethnographic observations and using the case study of one working-class young man called Jimmy, I explore how multiple masculinities are displayed through a process of chameleonisation. Through outlining Jimmy’s transitions through post-compulsory education and his different social and cultural spaces, I illustrate the ways which he tries to conduct multiple performances of self. I show that in a variety of settings, with different actors and within different social interactions, Jimmy navigates between numerous conflicts in order to try and achieve both academically, with aspirations of processing into higher education and also as a successful athlete. These processes are simultaneously met with demands to achieve a socially valued form of masculinity that has been shaped by the former industrial heritage of the region. This paper argues that young working-class men are not locked into displaying just one performance of masculinity, but have the agency to switch between performances and to adopt multiple identities. However, this process which I term chameleonisation, is fraught with difficulties. This process illustrates how we must begin to think about young men having the ability to display multiple masculinities at various times, and are therefore not the barer of one all-encompassing masculinity that is always, and everywhere, the same. This process can be especially challenging for young working-class men who live in areas of economic change and want to be successful across different areas of their lives.
Beyond Privacy: Articulating the Broader Harms of Pervasive Mass Surveillance
Authors: Parsons Christopher
Published: October 2015

This article begins by recounting a series of mass surveillance practices conducted by members of the “Five Eyes” spying alliance. While boundary- and intersubjectivity-based theories of privacy register some of the harms linked to such practices I demonstrate how neither are holistically capable of registering these harms. Given these theories’ deficiencies I argue that critiques of signals intelligence surveillance practices can be better grounded on why the practices intrude on basic communicative rights, including those related to privacy. The crux of the argument is that pervasive mass surveillance erodes essential boundaries between public and private spheres by compromising populations’ abilities to freely communicate with one another and, in the process, erodes the integrity of democratic processes and institutions. Such erosions are captured as privacy violations but, ultimately, are more destructive to the fabric of society than are registered by theories of privacy alone. After demonstrating the value of adopting a communicative rights approach to critique signals intelligence surveillance I conclude by arguing that this approach also lets us clarify the international normative implications of such surveillance, that it provides a novel way of conceptualizing legal harm linked to the surveillance, and that it showcases the overall value of focusing on the implications of interfering with communications first, and as such interferences constituting privacy violations second. Ultimately, by adopting this Habermasian inspired mode of analysis we can develop more holistic ways of conceptualizing harms associated with signals intelligence practices than are provided by either boundary- or intersubjective-based theories of privacy.
First They Came for the Poor: Surveillance of Welfare Recipients as an Uncontested Practice
Authors: Maréchal Nathalie
Published: October 2015

There have been moments in American history when government surveillance of everyday citizens has aroused public concerns, most recently Edward Snowden’s 2013 revelations concerning widespread, warrantless surveillance of Americans and foreigners alike. What does not arouse public concern are longstanding governmental practices that involve surveillance of poor people who receive certain types of public benefits. This article traces the political history of U.S. poverty-relief programs, considers the perspective of welfare beneficiaries themselves, analyzes American cultural beliefs about the poor in order to offer some thoughts on why those surveillance practices garner little public concern, and argues that those who are concerned about warrantless surveillance of ordinary citizens should do more to protect ordinary poor citizens from surveillance.
Interveillance: A New Culture of Recognition and Mediatization
Authors: Jansson André
Published: October 2015

The everyday uses of networked media technologies, especially social media, have revolutionized the classical model of top-down surveillance. This article sketches the contours of an emerging culture of interveillance where non-hierarchical and non-systematic monitoring practices are part of everyday life. It also introduces a critical perspective on how the industrial logics of dominant social media, through which interveillance practices are normalized, resonate with social forces already at play in individualized societies. The argument is developed in three steps. Firstly, it is argued that the concept of interveillance is needed, and must be distinguished from surveillance, in order to critically assess the everyday mutual sharing and disclosure of private information (of many different kinds). Secondly, it is argued that the culture of interveillance responds to the social deficit of recognition that characterizes highly individualized societies. Finally, it is argued that the culture of interveillance constitutes a defining instance and even represents a new stage of the meta-process of mediatization. The dialectical nature of interveillance integrates and reinforces the overarching ambiguities of mediatization, whereby the opportunities for individuals and groups to achieve growing freedom and autonomy are paralleled by limitations and dependences vis-à-vis media.
Computer plantography as a diagnostic method for congenital clubfoot in children
Authors: Nikityuk Igor Evgenievich , Klychkova Irina Yurievna
Published: October 2015

Examination of the anatomical and functional states of feet in children with congenital clubfoot is an urgent priority that has significant theoretical and practical value. The purpose of the study was to investigate the morphological and functional parameters of the foot to evaluate the degree of affection of its support function in congenital clubfoot using the technique of computer plantography. Plantographic characteristics of the feet were determined in 65 children with this disorder, aged from 4 to 16 years. The mathematical processing of plantographic characteristics of the feet was performed using the following; the calcaneo-axial and the calcaneo-metatarsal angles and the angle between the outer tangents on the basis of what were defined border values of angles, depending on the severity of foot deformities. The proposed method of analysis of the foot plantogram is statistically significant for the classification of congenital clubfoot with different degrees of severity: mild, moderate, and severe. This technique is an addition to the clinical and X-ray methods and allows the evaluation of functional support for the feet.
Functional role of dimer (heteromer) receptors in the CNS of mammalians
Authors: Bukinich Anna Alexandrovna , Shabanov Petr Dmitriyevich
Published: October 2015

A review of modern look at functional role of dimer (heteromer) receptors in the CNS of mammalians is presented in the article. According to original papers and publications analysis concerning dimer (heteromer) structure of G-coupled receptors in the CNS of mammalians was shown that functional role of dimer (heteromer) receptors formation is dual-code of information coding.
Influence of antihypoxants on the development of acute phormalin-induced edema
Authors: Novikov Vasiliy Egorovich , Pozhilova Elena Vasil'yevna , Ilyukhin Sergey Alekseevich
Published: October 2015

In the experiment in a model of acute formalin-induced inflammation of rat paw, the changes of size of the affected limbs (paw edema) and parameters of leukogram were registered. The anti-inflammatory effect of antihypoxants (amtizol, hesperidin, hypoxen, metaprot) was investigated. It has been shown that hypoxen 50 mg/kg have weak anti-inflammatory activity, but potentiate the effect of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. At simultaneous enteral administration of hypoxen with acetylsalicylic acid or diclofenac, evident anti-inflammatory effect was marked, that was manifested by significant reduction in registered inflammation symptoms.
Neurochemical mechanisms of the cerebroprotective action of spiro[indole-3,1'-pyrrol [3,4-с] pyrrol] derivative
Authors: Khodakovskaya Ol'ga Vital'yevna , Evdokimov Dmitriy Vladimirovich , Shtrygol' Sergey Yur'yevich , Abramets Igor' Igorevich , Braverman Leonid Borisovich , Khodakovskiy Aleksey Anatol'yevich , Red'kin Ruslan Grigor'yevich
Published: October 2015

The mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect of 3,2’-spiro-pyrrolo-2-оxindole derivative (code number R-86) were investigated in hippocampal sections of rats by measuring the amplitude of postsynaptic potentials in pyramidal neurons. In vitro R-86 reduced the responces to NMDA-receptors activation as well as hydrogen peroxide-induced injury, being not active in anoxia and neuroglycopenia. When systemically administered, R-86 exerted weak effect in anoxia and neuroglycopenia and decreased steroid-induced neurotoxicity.
Integrating occupancy models and structural equation models to understand species occurrence
Authors: Joseph Maxwell B. , Preston, Daniel L. , Johnson Pieter T. J.
Published: October 2015

Understanding the drivers of species occurrence is a fundamental goal in basic and applied ecology. Occupancy models have emerged as a popular approach for inferring species occurrence because they account for problems associated with imperfect detection in field surveys. Current models, however, are limited because they assume covariates are independent (i.e., indirect effects do not occur). Here, we combined structural equation and occupancy models to investigate complex influences on species occurrence while accounting for imperfect detection. These two methods are inherently compatible because they both provide means to make inference on latent or unobserved quantities based on observed data. Our models evaluated the direct and indirect roles of cattle grazing, water chemistry, vegetation, nonnative fishes, and pond permanence on the occurrence of six pond‐breeding amphibians, two of which are threatened: the California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) and the California red‐legged frog (Rana draytonii). While cattle had strong effects on pond vegetation and water chemistry, their overall effects on amphibian occurrence were small compared to the consistently negative effects of nonnative fish. Fish strongly reduced occurrence probabilities for four of five native amphibians, including both species of conservation concern. These results could help to identify drivers of amphibian declines and to prioritize strategies for amphibian conservation. More generally, this approach facilitates a more mechanistic representation of ideas about the causes of species distributions in space and time. As shown here, occupancy modeling and structural equation modeling are readily combined, and bring rich sets of techniques that may provide unique theoretical and applied insights into basic ecological questions.
Genetic diversity affects the strength of population regulation in a marine fish
Authors: Johnson D. W. , Freiwald J. , Bernardi G.
Published: October 2015

Variation is an essential feature of biological populations, yet much of ecological theory treats individuals as though they are identical. This simplifying assumption is often justified by the perception that variation among individuals does not have significant effects on the dynamics of whole populations. However, this perception may be skewed by a historic focus on studying single populations. A true evaluation of the extent to which among‐individual variation affects the dynamics of populations requires the study of multiple populations. In this study, we examined variation in the dynamics of populations of a live‐bearing, marine fish (black surfperch; Embiotoca jacksoni). In collaboration with an organization of citizen scientists (Reef Check California), we were able to examine the dynamics of eight populations that were distributed throughout ~700 km of coastline, a distance that encompasses much of this species’ range. We hypothesized that genetic variation within a local population would be related to the intensity of competition and to the strength of population regulation. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether genetic diversity (measured by the diversity of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes) was related to the strength of population regulation. Low‐diversity populations experienced strong density dependence in population growth rates and population sizes were regulated much more tightly than they were in high‐diversity populations. Mechanisms that contributed to this pattern include links between genetic diversity, habitat use, and spatial crowding. On average, low‐diversity populations used less of the available habitat and exhibited greater spatial clustering (and more intense competition) for a given level of density (measured at the scale of the reef). Although the populations we studied also varied with respect to exogenous characteristics (habitat complexity, densities of predators, and interspecific competitors), none of these characteristics was significantly related to the strength of population regulation. In contrast, an endogenous characteristic of the population (genetic diversity) explained 77% of the variation in the strength of population regulation (95% CI: 27–94%). Our results suggest that the genetic and phenotypic composition of populations can play a major role in their dynamics.
Waterflood Sweep Pattern Monitoring Using 4D Seismic in Windri Area, Asri Basin, Southeast Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Widiatmo Reza , Nugroho Pranowo , Sunarta Julius
Published: October 2015

Reservoir characterization in Windri field is complicated by complex lithology and difficulties in predicting changes in fluid distribution. 33–4 Sand body is interpreted as complex compartmentalized channel and part of water flood project associated with distributary channels, mouth bars and delta front shoals. Seismic amplitude mapping at the Base Upper Gita horizon reveals a system of meandering channels. In 2000 and 2004, 4D seismic data set was acquired and processed to take advantage of seismic AVO effects. The base line 1991 seismic data set was reprocessed in parallel. The primary reason for the monitor data set was to observe the reservoir pressure depletion state around a water-flooding project. Detection of 33–4 sandstone reservoir is feasible based on interpretation of AVO P, G, P*G, P(30°) attributes. Fluid replacement model created into three scenarios (oil, water, gas) to predict the hydrocarbon saturation. Integrated time lapse 4D seismic by using map differences in seismic response has been conducted for monitoring pressure decrease and subsequent water flooding sweep patterns. Windri area divided into 6 sweep patterns area to make improved connectivity analysis.

AVO attributes using intercept (P), gradient (G), P*G, and P(30°) has been done to determine of 33–4 sand. Feasibility study on AVO analysis has been applied by using fluid replacement model on the well data. A more advanced interpretation of the expanded AVO analysis for 33–4 sand has been done by using simultaneous inversion and 4D time lapse seismic. Practically, this method is used to map differences in seismic response over time attributable to production related processes, especially amplitude response which directly interpreted as replacement of oil by dissolved gas, and also suggest re-pressurizing the reservoir. Reservoir characterization using 4D simultaneous inversion enhances interpretative resolution and reduces uncertainty sand and fluid prediction. Integrated analysis of time lapse 4D seismic has been well implemented for increasing infill and injector success ratio, as well as predominating pressure degradation in Windri field. This comprehensive study is essential for understanding of complex lithology, monitoring pressure decrease and subsequent water flooding sweep patterns in 33–4 sandstones reservoir. Knowing the concept of depositional setting, facies and reservoir behavior to be applied in the waterflood project is crucial to optimize the production.
Social Identity: The Cause of Distinction Between Group-Reference and Self-Reference Effects
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Wu Lin , Hou Chunna
Published: October 2015

We used a subliminal priming procedure to explore whether or not the intensity of identity salience facilitates the advantage of memory in distinguishing between the strength of the group-reference effect and that of the self-reference effect. In Experiment 1 (N = 124), participants
were primed with in-group, out-group, or combined salience conditions before encoding adjectives with reference to the in-group and out-group, and were then subsequently given a surprise free-recall test. These results showed that the intensity of social identity could predict the memory advantage
of group-reference tasks; moreover, the memory effect of group-reference tasks was strongest in the combined salience condition compared with in-group or out-group salience alone. In Experiment 2 (N = 81), we used different referential conditions and found that the intensity of social
identity changed with identity salience and was a possible cause of differences between the intensity of the group-reference effect and that of the self-reference effect.
Predictive Effects of Subjective Happiness, Forgiveness, and Rumination on Life Satisfaction
Authors: Eldeleklioğlu Jale
Published: October 2015

I evaluated the predictive effects of subjective happiness, forgiveness, and ruminative thought style on life satisfaction with a sample of 380 Turkish university students aged between 18 and 25 years. Participants completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Subjective Happiness
Scale, the Trait Forgiveness Scale, and the Ruminative Thought Style Scale. Results of correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed that forgiveness and subjective happiness were positively correlated with life satisfaction, and rumination was negatively correlated with life satisfaction.
The multiple regression analyses also showed that subjective happiness and forgiveness positively predicted life satisfaction, and rumination negatively predicted life satisfaction. Results are discussed in light of the related literature.
The Current State and Future Direction of IT Audit: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Dzuranin Ann C. , Mălăescu Irina
Published: October 2015

Embracing the spirit of the Pathways Commission's focus of enhancing the value of practitioner/educator exchanges, the inaugural Journal of Information Systems Conference (JISC) brought together 30 academic researchers and 15 practitioners to discuss the current state and the future direction of information technology (IT) audit research and practice. Panelists, comprised of practitioners from government, public accounting, and industry, provided insight into current IT audit issues. The first panel discussed the role of IT auditors in helping organizations meet compliance requirements and ensuring that information systems add value to the organization. The second panel addressed the future of IT audit in a world of advanced analytics and emerging technologies. Although the panels addressed separate topics, common themes emerged from the discussions. Issues facing the IT audit profession as a result of the increasing volume of data available, coupled with changing technology and increasing regulatory requirements, underscored much of the discussion. Big Data, compliance, and emerging technology issues were addressed from both internal audit and external audit perspectives. This commentary provides a review and synthesis of the information presented during panel discussions at the conference and suggests potential research questions.
The Association between Information Technology Investments and Audit Risk
Authors: Han Shipeng , Rezaee Zabihollah , Xue Ling , Zhang Joseph H.
Published: October 2015

Advances in information technology (IT) have changed the way that companies conduct business, prepare their financial statements, and have their financial statements audited. On one hand, IT decreases audit risk by improving operation and internal control effectiveness, which may decrease inherent and internal control risk. On the other hand, the complexity of IT introduces unconventional risks for companies and their auditors, especially by creating challenges for auditors when auditing the effectiveness of internal controls and detecting accounting irregularities. Thus, the relationship between clients' IT investments and audit risk deserves research attention. Using IT data of U.S. firms from 2000 to 2009, we find that IT investments are positively related to audit fees (and abnormal audit fees), the probability of auditors' issuance of a going-concern opinion, and the likelihood of auditors' Type II errors. Furthermore, we find that auditor tenure moderates the relationship between IT investments and audit fees due to the learning effect.
Twelve-Week Treatment With Liraglutide as Add-on to Insulin in Normal-Weight Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Parallel Study
Authors: Frandsen Christian S. , Dejgaard Thomas F. , Holst Jens J. , Andersen Henrik U. , Thorsteinsson Birger , Madsbad Sten
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of once-daily liraglutide 1.2 mg versus placebo as add-on to insulin treatment in normal-weight patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In a randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 40 patients with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c ≥8% [64 mmol/mol]) received once-daily liraglutide 1.2 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed before and at the end of treatment. The primary end point was change in HbA1c. Secondary end points included change in insulin dose, weight, glycemic excursions, heart rate, and blood pressure.

RESULTS

Baseline HbA1c was similar in the liraglutide and placebo group (8.8 ± 0.2 and 8.7 ± 0.1% [72.5 ± 2.2 and 71.8 ± 1.5 mmol/mol]). Change in HbA1c from baseline was −0.6 ± 0.2% (−6.22 ± 1.71 mmol/mol) with liraglutide and −0.5 ± 0.2% (−5.56 ± 1.67 mmol/mol) with placebo (P = 0.62). Variation in glycemic excursions did not change in either group. Change in body weight was −3.13 ± 0.58 and +1.12 ± 0.42 kg (P < 0.0001) with liraglutide and placebo, respectively. The bolus insulin dose decreased in liraglutide-treated patients and did not change with placebo treatment (4.0 ± 1.3 vs. 0.0 ± 1.0 IU, P = 0.02). Heart rate increased within the liraglutide group (P = 0.04) but not compared with placebo, whereas mean systolic blood pressure decreased compared with placebo (between-group difference 3.21 mmHg [95% CI −8.31 to 1.90], P = 0.04). Liraglutide was more frequently associated with gastrointestinal adverse effects. The incidence of hypoglycemia did not differ between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Liraglutide significantly reduces body weight and insulin requirements but has no additional effect on HbA1c in normal-weight patients with type 1 diabetes inadequately controlled on insulin alone.
Impact of Type 2 Diabetes and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy on Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in Older Women
Authors: Espeland Mark A. , Brinton Roberta Diaz , Hugenschmidt Christina , Manson JoAnn E. , Craft Suzanne , Yaffe Kristine , Weitlauf Julie , Vaughan Leslie , Johnson Karen C. , Padula Claudia B. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Resnick Susan M. ,   for the WHIMS Study Group
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE

In older women, higher levels of estrogen may exacerbate the increased risk for cognitive impairment conveyed by diabetes. We examined whether the effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) on cognitive impairment incidence differs depending on type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) randomized clinical trials assigned women to HT (0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogens with or without [i.e., unopposed] 2.5 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate) or matching placebo for an average of 4.7–5.9 years. A total of 7,233 women, aged 65–80 years, were classified according to type 2 diabetes status and followed for probable dementia and cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment or dementia).

RESULTS

Through a maximum of 18 years of follow-up, women with diabetes had increased risk of probable dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.54 [95% CI 1.16–2.06]) and cognitive impairment (HR 1.83 [1.50–2.23]). The combination of diabetes and random assignment to HT increased their risk of dementia (HR 2.12 [1.47–3.06]) and cognitive impairment (HR 2.20 [1.70–2.87]) compared with women without these conditions, interaction P = 0.09 and P = 0.08. These interactions appeared to be limited to women assigned to unopposed conjugated equine estrogens.

CONCLUSIONS

These analyses provide additional support to a prior report that higher levels of estrogen may exacerbate risks that type 2 diabetes poses for cognitive function in older women. The role estrogen plays in suppressing non–glucose-based energy sources in the brain may explain this interaction.
Association between Neuropathic Pain and Reported Disability after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Razmjou Helen , Boljanovic Dragana , Wright Stewart , Murnaghan John , Holtby Richard
Published: October 2015

Purpose: To determine whether reporting neuropathic pain (NP) at an average of 5 years after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was related to patient age, sex, preoperative comorbidity, arthritis self-efficacy, or disability before surgery and at 1 year after surgery. The estimate of NP prevalence and cross-sectional group differences were explored at 5 years after surgery. Methods: A subsample of participants in a formal research study was contacted via mail approximately 5 years after undergoing surgery and were sent four questionnaires: the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Self-Administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms (S–LANSS), and a satisfaction questionnaire. NP was defined as an S-LANSS score of 12 or more. Results: Of 89 patients who met the inclusion criteria, data for 63 (71%) patients (47 women; mean age 67 [SD 8] y) were used for analysis. Of these 63, 9 (14%) were identified as having NP. None had a report of failure of prosthesis or other surgical complications according to most recent medical records. There was no relationship between preoperative patient characteristics and development of NP. However, the NP group on average had a higher report of stiffness (p=0.020), physical dysfunction (p=0.019), and pain (p=0.050) at 1 year after surgery. Cross-sectional comparisons showed higher levels of pain (p=0.001), stiffness (p=0.008), physical dysfunction (p=0.003), and depression (p=0.005) and lower satisfaction (p=0.018) at the time of the survey than the patients without NP. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of NP was 14%. Patients with NP reported higher levels of disability as early as 1 year after surgery. They remained more disabled, with a higher level of depression and less satisfaction, at an average of 5 years after surgery.
Effects of Autogenic Drainage on Sputum Recovery and Pulmonary Function in People with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Morgan Kimbly , Osterling Kristin , Gilbert Robert , Dechman Gail
Published: October 2015

Purpose: To determine the effects of short- and long-term use of autogenic drainage (AD) on pulmonary function and sputum recovery in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review of randomized and quasi-randomized clinical trials in which participants were people with CF who use AD as their sole airway clearance technique. Results: Searches in 4 databases and secondary sources using 5 key terms yielded 735 articles, of which 58 contained the terms autogenic drainage and cystic fibrosis. Ultimately, 4 studies, 2 of which were long term, were included. All measured forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and found no change. The long-term studies were underpowered to detect change in FEV1; however, the short-term studies found a clinically significant sputum yield (≥4 g). Conclusion: AD has been shown to produce clinically significant sputum yields in a limited number of investigations. The effect of AD on the function of the pulmonary system remains uncertain, and questions have emerged regarding the appropriateness of FEV1 as a valid measure of airway clearance from peripheral lung regions. Further consideration should be given to the use of FEV1 as a primary measure of the effect of AD.
Factors Affecting Length of Stay in Adult Outpatient Physical Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Woznowski-Vu Arthur , Da Costa Christina , Turgeon-Provost Félix , Dagenais Kristin , Roy-Mathie Bianca , Aggban Martina , Preuss Richard
Published: October 2015

Purpose: To identify factors affecting length of stay (LOS) for adults participating in outpatient physical or occupational therapy programmes. Method: A scoping review of the literature was conducted using the Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, and Cochrane Library databases. Results: A total of 19 articles were retained from the search, and 2 additional articles were retrieved from grey literature (i.e., non-published sources). Personal factors affecting LOS are age and sex, both of which had inconsistent effects on LOS, and communication, language, physical, and cognitive difficulties, for which higher levels of function were generally associated with shorter LOS. Institutional factors affecting LOS were location, interdisciplinary communication, number of disciplines involved, and type of rehabilitation setting. Finally, two clinician-related factors—fewer treatment goals and a selection of evidence-informed treatment techniques—were associated with shorter LOS. Conclusions: Research on factors affecting adult outpatient rehabilitation LOS is limited and inconsistent. A preliminary list of LOS factors was produced, but this topic should be further explored with the collaboration of researchers and clinical institutions.