bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinically relevant results of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for patients younger than 65 years compared to the older patients
Authors: Hanisch Klaus , Holte Michael Boelstoft , Hvass Inge , Wedderkopp Niels
Published: September 2021

Background

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty was originally designed for older patients with rotator cuff arthropathy and produces good results. The main objective of this retrospective study was to compare the patients younger than 65 years vs. the older patients in terms of the complications of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and the functional recovery.

Methods

From January 2014 to January 2020, 566 patients who underwent the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty were divided into two groups (group A, ≥ 65 years, n = 506; group B, < 65 years, n = 60). The patients reported the quality of life using the patient-reported Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder index. The Constant score was obtained preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The complications and reoperations were compared. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

Clinically relevant improvements were found in group A and B. There was a multivariate statistically-significant but not clinically relevant difference in the change over time between group A and B. The mean 12-month Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder indexes were 58 in group B and 71 in group A. The mean Constant scores were 44 in group B vs. 43 in group A. Compared to group A, group B had a non-significant odds ratio of 1.9, which did not reach the clinically relevant Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder index of group A.

Conclusion

In patients younger than 65 years of age, RTSA seems to be a safe procedure in short term follow-up. After 1 year, we found no increased risk of complications, revision, or inferior outcomes compared to patients older than 65 years of age. Consequently, after one-year, RTSA provided clinically relevant improvements in the patients’ quality of life and shoulder strength regardless of age.
Superficial radial neuropathy: an unobserved etiology of chronic dorsoradial wrist pain
Authors: Saba Emmanuel Kamal Aziz
Published: September 2021

Background

Superficial radial neuropathy is considered an uncommon cause of chronic dorsoradial wrist pain. Its clinical diagnosis is usually missed. The purpose of the research was to investigate the existence of superficial radial neuropathy as a cause of chronic dorsoradial wrist pain. The study included 98 upper limbs obtained from 72 patients [58 women (80.6%)] with a primary complaint of chronic dorsoradial wrist pain and 91 asymptomatic upper limbs obtained from 63 apparently healthy individuals [46 women (73.0%)] as a control group. Clinical assessment and superficial radial nerve conduction study were done.

Results

No significant differences between patients and control group were present regarding sex and age. Among the participated patients, there were 29 upper limbs (29.6%) from 26 patients (36.1%) who had superficial radial neuropathy proved clinically and electrophysiologically. From them, three patients (11.5%) had bilateral superficial radial neuropathy. It was the solitary cause of chronic dorsoradial wrist pain in 15 upper limbs (51.7%) from 13 patients (50%). The remaining patients were associated with other musculoskeletal wrist conditions. The most common associated local wrist pathology was de Quervain’s disease in 8 upper limbs (27.6%) from 8 patients (30.8%).

Conclusions

Superficial radial neuropathy is common among patients with chronic dorsoradial wrist pain and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
President's Page: SEG EVOLVE — A learning experience like no other
Authors: Marfurt Kurt
Published: September 2021

Now celebrating its fourth year, SEG's EVOLVE experiential learning program has engaged more than 400 participants from 60 universities based in more than 40 countries. Having taught at four different universities for a total of 25 years, I can firmly state that EVOLVE is unlike any university course in existence. It addresses an interpretation perspective and learning experience that goes beyond classroom lectures and commercial software training programs.
Laboratory measurements with DAS: A fast and sensitive tool to obtain elastic properties at seismic frequencies
Authors: Yurikov Alexey , Pevzner Roman , Tertyshnikov Konstantin , Mikhaltsevitch Vassily , Gurevich Boris , Lebedev Maxim
Published: September 2021

Forced-oscillation stress-strain laboratory measurements are increasingly employed to obtain elastic and viscoelastic properties of rocks at seismic frequencies. Yet these measurements are time-consuming and expensive, due in part to the use of metal or semiconductor strain gauges, which need to be glued to the sample. Such gauges are fragile, have relatively low sensitivity, and measure very local strain only so the measurements can be affected by a slight misalignment of the system assembly and local heterogeneity of the rock. The emergence of fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology provides an alternative means of measuring strain. Strain measurements with DAS involve winding an optical fiber around the sample multiple times and connecting it to a DAS recording unit. Pilot experiments performed using this setup on a range of rocks and materials show good agreement with strain gauge measurements. Advantages of DAS over strain gauges include much higher strain sensitivity (down to 10−11) and signal-to-noise ratio (and hence, shorter time required for measurements), larger dynamic range, ability to measure average (rather than local) strain in the sample, and robustness at elevated temperatures. Although the pilot experiments demonstrate the potential of DAS for rock physics measurements, further research and improvement of the proposed methodology are required to obtain independent estimates of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio and to port the system into a pressure vessel to obtain rock properties under in-situ conditions.
Computing elastic properties of organic-rich source rocks using digital images
Authors: Sengupta Mita , Eichmann Shannon L.
Published: September 2021

Digital rocks are 3D image-based representations of pore-scale geometries that reside in virtual laboratories. High-resolution 3D images that capture microstructural details of the real rock are used to build a digital rock. The digital rock, which is a data-driven model, is used to simulate physical processes such as fluid flow, heat flow, electricity, and elastic deformation through basic laws of physics and numerical simulations. Unconventional reservoirs are chemically heterogeneous where the rock matrix is composed of inorganic minerals, and hydrocarbons are held in the pores of thermally matured organic matter, all of which vary spatially at the nanoscale. This nanoscale heterogeneity poses challenges in measuring the petrophysical properties of source rocks and interpreting the data with reference to the changing rock structure. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy is a powerful 3D imaging technique used to study source rock structure where significant micro- and nanoscale heterogeneity exists. Compared to conventional rocks, the imaging resolution required to image source rocks is much higher due to the nanoscale pores, while the field of view becomes smaller. Moreover, pore connectivity and resulting permeability are extremely low, making flow property computations much more challenging than in conventional rocks. Elastic properties of source rocks are significantly more anisotropic than those of conventional reservoirs. However, one advantage of unconventional rocks is that the soft organic matter can be captured at the same imaging resolution as the stiff inorganic matrix, making digital elasticity computations feasible. Physical measurement of kerogen elastic properties is difficult because of the tiny sample size. Digital rock physics provides a unique and powerful tool in the elastic characterization of kerogen.
An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: De la Peña-Arteaga Víctor , Berruga-Sánchez Mercedes , Steward Trevor , Martínez-Zalacaín Ignacio , Goldberg Ximena , Wainsztein Agustina , Abulafia Carolina , Cardoner Narcís , Castro Mariana N. , Villarreal Mirta , Menchón José M. , Guinjoan Salvador M. , Soriano-Mas Carles
Published: September 2021

Background

One common denominator to the clinical phenotypes of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is emotion regulation impairment. Although these two conditions have been extensively studied separately, it remains unclear whether their emotion regulation impairments are underpinned by shared or distinct neurobiological alterations.

Methods

We contrasted the neural correlates of negative emotion regulation across an adult sample of BPD patients (n = 19), MDD patients (n = 20), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 19). Emotion regulation was assessed using an established functional magnetic resonance imaging cognitive reappraisal paradigm. We assessed both task-related activations and modulations of interregional connectivity.

Results

When compared to HCs, patients with BPD and MDD displayed homologous decreased activation in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) during cognitive reappraisal. In addition, the MDD group presented decreased activations in other prefrontal areas (i.e., left dorsolateral and bilateral orbitofrontal cortices), while the BPD group was characterized by a more extended pattern of alteration in the connectivity between the vlPFC and cortices of the visual ventral stream during reappraisal.

Conclusions

This study identified, for the first time, a shared neurobiological contributor to emotion regulation deficits in MDD and BPD characterized by decreased vlPFC activity, although we also observed disorder-specific alterations. In MDD, results suggest a primary deficit in the strength of prefrontal activations, while BPD is better defined by connectivity disruptions between the vlPFC and temporal emotion processing regions. These findings substantiate, in neurobiological terms, the different profiles of emotion regulation alterations observed in these disorders.
Pretest Genetic Education Video Versus Genetic Counseling for Men Considering Prostate Cancer Germline Testing: A Patient-Choice Study to Address Urgent Practice Needs
Authors: Russo Jessica , McDougall Carey , Bowler Nicholas , Shimada Ayako , Gross Laura , Hyatt Colette , Kelly William K. , Calvaresi Anne , Handley Nathan R. , Hirsch Irvin H. , Izes Joseph K. , Lallas Costas D. , Mann Mark , Mark James Ryan , Mille Patrick J. , Preate Donald , Trabulsi Edouard J. , Tsang Miranda , Chandrasekar Thenappan , Weiner Perry R. , Gomella Leonard G. , Giri Veda N.
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE

Germline testing (GT) for prostate cancer (PCA) is now central to treatment and hereditary cancer assessment. With rising demand for and shortage of genetic counseling (GC), tools to deliver pretest informed consent across practice settings are needed to improve access to GT and precision care. Here, we report on Evaluation and Management for Prostate Oncology, Wellness, and Risk (EMPOWER), a patient-choice study for pretest video-based genetic education (VBGE) versus GC to inform urgent practice needs.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Men with PCA or at risk for PCA (family history of PCA) were eligible and could choose pretest VBGE or GC. Outcomes included decisional conflict for GT, change in genetics knowledge, satisfaction, and intention to share results with family and/or providers. Descriptive statistics summarized results with counts and percentages for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. Data were compared with Fisher's exact, chi-squared, or Wilcoxon two-sample tests. Mean change in genetics knowledge was compared with t tests. The significance level was set a priori at .05.

RESULTS

Data on the first 127 participants were analyzed. Characteristics were White (85.8%), bachelor's degree (66.9%), and PCA diagnosis (90.6%). The majority chose VBGE (71%) versus GC (29%; P < .001). No differences were observed in decisional conflict for GT or satisfaction. Cancer genetics knowledge improved in both groups without significant difference (+0.9 VBGE, +1.8 GC, P = .056). Men who chose VBGE had higher intention to share GT results (96.4% VBGE v 86.4% GC, P = .02). Both groups had high rates of GT uptake (VBGE 94.4%, GC 92%).

CONCLUSION

A substantial proportion of men opted for pretest VBGE, with comparable patient-reported outcomes and uptake of GT. The results support the use of pretest video to address the critical GC shortage in the precision era.
Dysbetalipoproteinemia: Differentiating Multifactorial Remnant Cholesterol Disease From Genetic ApoE Deficiency
Authors: Paquette Martine , Bernard Sophie , Paré Guillaume , Baass Alexis
Published: September 2021

Context

Dysbetalipoproteinemia (DBL) is characterized by the accumulation of remnant lipoprotein particles and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). DBL is thought to be mainly caused by the presence of an E2/E2 genotype of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, in addition to environmental factors. However, there exists considerable phenotypic variability among DBL patients.

Objective

The objectives were to verify the proportion of DBL subjects, diagnosed using the gold standard Fredrickson criteria, who did not carry E2/E2 and to compare the clinical characteristics of DBL patients with and without E2/E2.

Methods

A total of 12 432 patients with lipoprotein ultracentrifugation as well as APOE genotype or apoE phenotype data were included in this retrospective study.

Results

Among the 12 432 patients, 4% (n = 524) were positive for Fredrickson criteria (F+), and only 38% (n = 197) of the F+ individuals were E2/E2. The F+ E2/E2 group had significantly higher remnant cholesterol concentration (3.44 vs 1.89 mmol/L) and had higher frequency of DBL-related xanthomas (24% vs 2%) and floating beta (95% vs 11%) than the F+ non-E2/E2 group (P < 0.0001). The F+ E2/E2 group had an independent higher risk of PVD (OR 11.12 [95% CI 1.87-66.05]; P = 0.008) events compared with the F+ non-E2/E2 group.

Conclusion

In the largest cohort of DBL worldwide, we demonstrated that the presence of E2/E2 was associated with a more severe DBL phenotype. We suggest that 2 DBL phenotypes should be distinguished: the multifactorial remnant cholesterol disease and the genetic apoE deficiency disease.
Acute Hepatitis due to Hepatic Glycogenosis After Insulin Overdose and Oral Glucose Administration in an Adolescent
Authors: Sasidharan Pillai Sabitha , Quintos Jose Bernardo , Topor Lisa Swartz
Published: September 2021

Background

Hepatic glycogenosis (HG) has been reported after intravenous (IV) dextrose administration to treat insulin overdose. We describe a case of HG in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) due to insulin overdose treated with oral glucose administration.

Case Presentation

An adolescent boy with T1DM on a basal bolus insulin regimen presented with abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and hypoglycemia of a few hours. His glucose was 71 mg/dL, aspartate transaminase (AST) 119 U/L, and alanine transaminase (ALT) 65 U/L. Hypoglycemia was treated with juice, and 12 hours later AST and ALT were 979 U/L and 700 U/L, respectively. Workup for infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, and toxic causes of hepatitis was negative. The transaminases improved by the next day and normalized within 3 weeks. Two weeks after discharge the patient returned with hypoglycemia, nausea, and right-sided abdominal pain of 13 hours. Hypoglycemia persisted despite multiple courses of glucose tablets and juice. Laboratory studies showed glucose of 58 mg/dL, AST of 776 U/L, ALT of 496 U/L, negative toxicology studies, and normal abdominal ultrasound. His serum insulin level was 249.7 mU/L and, C-peptide was less than 0.1 ng/mL, consistent with insulin overdose. He received IV fluids with dextrose, and insulin was held. Transaminases improved by the following day. Repeat serum insulin while on home regimen was normal.

Conclusion

Along with other diagnoses, HG should be considered in patients treated with insulin who present with hypoglycemia and acute hepatitis. HG can occur in cases of insulin overdose treated with repeated oral glucose administration.
Neurologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Grill Marie F.
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews the neurologic complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

RECENT FINDINGS

Neurologic complications of HIV may be caused by direct virally mediated pathology, immune-mediated phenomena in response to viral infection, or opportunistic infections secondary to depletion of lymphocytes. These neurologic disorders may be influenced by the degree of immunosuppression (ie, CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte count) and stage of infection (early versus late), as well as use of antiretroviral therapy, and may manifest as a variety of central and peripheral neurologic syndromes, including the more commonly encountered HIV-associated cognitive disorders and length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy, respectively. Immune dysregulation underlies the majority of these neurologic phenomena, as well as other HIV-associated conditions including immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), CD8 lymphocytosis, and potentially the development of compartmentalized infection within the CSF, also referred to as CSF escape.

This article reviews a spectrum of clinical syndromes and related neuropathologic states associated with HIV infection.
Increases in Integrin–ILK–RICTOR–Akt Proteins, Muscle Mass, and Strength after Eccentric Cycling Training
Authors: MAVROPALIAS GEORGIOS , WU YU-FU , BOPPART MARNI D. , BLAZEVICH ANTHONY J. , NOSAKA KAZUNORI
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Recently, it has been suggested that a cellular pathway composed of integrin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR), and Akt may facilitate long-term structural and functional adaptations associated with exercise, independent of the mTORC1 pathway. Therefore, we examined changes in integrin–ILK–RICTOR–Akt protein in vastus lateralis (VL) before and after 8 wk of eccentric cycling training (ECC), which was expected to increase muscle function and VL cross-sectional area (CSA).

Methods

Eleven men (23 ± 4 yr) completed 24 sessions of ECC with progressive increases in intensity and duration, resulting in a twofold increase in work from the first three (75.4 ± 14.1 kJ) to the last three sessions (150.7 ± 28.4 kJ). Outcome measures included lower limb lean mass, VL CSA, static strength, and peak and average cycling power output. These measures and VL samples were taken before and 4–5 d after the last training session.

Results

Significant (P < 0.05) increases in integrin-β1 (1.64-fold) and RICTOR (2.99-fold) protein as well as the phosphorylated-to-total ILK ratio (1.70-fold) were found, but integrin-α7 and Akt did not change. Increases in lower limb, thigh, and trunk lean mass (2.8%–5.3%, P < 0.05) and CSA (13.3% ± 9.0%, P < 0.001) were observed. Static strength (18.1% ± 10.8%) and both peak (8.6% ± 10.5%) and average power output (7.4% ± 8.3%) also increased (P < 0.05). However, no significant correlations were found between the magnitude of increases in protein and the magnitude of increases in CSA, static strength, or power output.

Conclusions

In addition to increased muscle mass, strength, and power, we demonstrate that ECC increases integrin-β1 and RICTOR total protein and p-ILK/t-ILK, which may play a role in protection against muscle damage as well as anabolic signaling to induce muscle adaptations.
Petrological Properties of Flat Stones from the Obongsan Mountain Quarry Used for
Flooring in Ondol
Authors: Kim Jae Hwan , Han Min Su
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to scientifically analyze the rocks of the Obongsan Mountain in Boseong, Jeollanam-do, which contains the largest extant quarry of Gudlejang (flat stone for heating) in Korea, and to scientifically determine the petrological characteristics of the area and the reasons for its use as a quarry. The rocks in the quarry are composed of light-green lapilli tuff, containing various types of lithic fragments and crystalline fragments in a vitreous matrix consisting of the fine feldspar crystals. The main constituent minerals were identified as quartz, plagioclase, mica, chlorite and opaque minerals. When the major element compositions were plotted on a Na2O+K2O versus SiO2 diagram, all samples were situated in the same compositional area as rhyolite. In addition, the result of magnetic susceptibility measurement also showed a similar range of values, of 1.30 ∼ 4.85 (×10-3 SI), indicating that samples were fractionated from the same magma. Both rock types showed similar apparent specific gravity values of 2.32 ~ 2.60. In particular, plate-shaped joints are well developed in the Obongsan Mountain area, and many areas exhibit talus terrain. In conclusion, the rocks of this area is interpreted to used for a site of Gudlejang quarrying, because the rocks were easily obtainable due to the terrain characteristics, and their petrological properties made them suitable for use as Gudlejang stone.
Trends and correlates of girl-child marriage in 11 West African countries: evidence from recent Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Fatusi Adesegun O. , Adedini Sunday A. , Mobolaji Jacob Wale
Published: September 2021

Background: West Africa historically has a high prevalence of girl-child marriage and requires substantial reduction to meet the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target of ending child marriage by 2030, but current data on progress is sparce. We aimed to determine the trend in child marriage in West Africa and assess the influence of selected socio-demographic factors.

Methods: We analysed data on women aged 18-24 years from the two most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (conducted between 2006 and 2014) for 11 West African countries to determine the prevalence and trend of girl-child marriage. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between girl-child marriage and selected socio-demographic factors.

Results: The prevalence of child marriage in West Africa is 41.5%. An overall decrease of 4.6% (annual rate of 0.01%) was recorded over a seven-year inter-survey period. Three countries (Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria, and Niger) recorded increased prevalence while the rate was unchanged in Burkina Faso, and the other six countries had reduced prevalence between the last two surveys. Sierra Leone recorded the highest decrease in prevalence (22%) and an annual reduction rate of 0.04%; Cote d’Ivore had the highest increase (65.3%). In virtually all countries, rural residence, low education, poor household economic status and non-Christian religious affiliation were significantly associated with higher odds of girl-child marriage.

Conclusions: The prevalence of girl-child marriage remains high in West Africa and the trend shows very slow progress. While substantial inter-country variations exist in overall rate and trend of child marriage, the rate of progress is inadequate across all countries.
Accessory Palmaris Longus Encountered during Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Ko Sang Hyun , Park Jin Seong , Lee Tong Joo
Published: September 2021

The accessory palmaris longus is a rare anatomical variant in the wrist and forearm, which has been reported as the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. This paper reports a case of the accessory palmaris longus incidentally found during carpal tunnel surgery. The paucity of awareness on the accessory palmaris longus in carpal tunnel surgery may lead to accidental iatrogenic injury to the median nerve or insufficient decompression of the median nerve.
Sentiment analysis on myindihome user reviews using support vector machine and naïve bayes classifier method
Authors: Prasetio Murman Dwi , Xavier Rais Yufli , Rachmat Haris , Wiyono Wiyono , Atmaja Denny Sukma Eka
Published: September 2021

The strength of the company's competitiveness is needed because the current industrial development is very rapid. It is necessary to maintain the quality and quantity of the products produced according to company standards.  One of the companies that must maintain the quality and quantity is PT. XYZ is a clay tile company. The classification of products used by this company to maintain good quality is three classes: good tile, white stone tile, and cracked tile. However, quality control based on classification still uses the traditional way by relying on sight.  It can increase errors and slow down the process. It can be overcome with artificial visual detectors. It is a result of the rapid development of automation. So to detect defects, this research can use image preprocessing, supervised learning algorithms, and measurement methods.  Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used in this study to perform classification, while feature extraction on clay tiles used the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) method. The algorithm is made using python, while for image retrieval, raspberry pi is used. The linear kernel on the SVM algorithm is used in this study. The conclusion in this study obtained 86.95% is the highest accuracy with a linear kernel. It takes 10.625 seconds to classify.
An Online Survey to Evaluate Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Immuno-Nutrition During COVID Pandemic in Indians Staying in Different Countries
Authors: Bhol Alifia , Sanwalka Neha , Taherali Imani Jamila , Poonawala Sakina Mustafa , Patel Tabassum , Yusuf Kapadia Sadiyya Mohammed , Jamali Maria Abbas
Published: September 2021

The objective of the study was to evaluate knowledge and attitude regarding immuno-nutrition in Indians residing in different parts of the world and to evaluate practices adopted during lockdown to boost immunity. A rapid assessment survey was conducted using Google Forms which was circulated amongst Indian community residing in different countries using various social media platforms. Data was collected from 325 Indians from 11 different countries. Participants were regrouped into 4 groups: South Asia, Europe, East Africa and Western Asia based on geographical location.About 85% participants identified most factors that either boost or suppress immunity. More than 90% participants reported vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B12, proteins and iron as the nutrients that boost immunity. Higher percentage of Indians from South and Western Asia reported that holy basil, asafoetida, cardamom, nuts and Chawanprash helped boost immunity as compared to Indians from Europe and East Africa (p<0.05).The overall minimum knowledge score obtained by participants was 45% and maximum was 100%. Highest marks were obtained by Indians from Western Asia followed by Indians from South Asia then Europe and lastly East Africa. However, there was no significant difference marks obtained by participants.
Strategies to Enhance Propolis Ethanolic Extract’s Flavor for its Use as a Natural Preservative in Beef
Authors: López-Patiño Carmenza Liliana , Arroqui Cristina , Horvitz Sandra , Vírseda Paloma
Published: September 2021

Propolis is rich in bioactive compounds like phenols and flavonoids, which make it a promising alternative as a natural preservative. However, the use of propolis in the food industry is limited due to its strong, characteristic flavor. To overcome this problem, several strategies such as the combination with other ingredients or propolis microencapsulation have been studied. In this work, the addition of honeydew (no floral honey) to, and the elimination of the ethanol from, the propolis extract solution were used to mitigate this sensorial defect. Thus, the effect of these propolis solutions on beef quality during refrigerated storage were evaluated. Throughout storage, a decrease in the pH and the a*, indicative of microbial growth and oxidation, respectively, was observed in the control samples. Both deterioration processes were slowed down in the treated samples, demonstrating the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the propolis and the honeydew. What is more, neither ethanol evaporation nor the addition of honeydew impaired the antimicrobial activity of the solutions, with the greatest microbial reductions observed in the former. With this solution, a reduction of 0.77 and 1.45 logarithmic units were observed for the mesophiles and the Enterobacteria, respectively. Finally, the propolis and honeydew solution presented the highest scores in all the sensory attributes analyzed. In conclusion, the strategies applied in this study were effective at enhancing propolis extract flavor whilst maintaining its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This could be a promising starting point for a wider use of propolis as a natural preservative in the food industry.
The Physicochemical Characteristics and Protein Profile of Cottage Cheese Produced by Using Crude Bromelain Enzyme Extracted from Ananas Comosus
Authors: Komansilan Sylvia , Rosyidi Djalal , Radiati Lilik Eka , Purwadi Purwadi , Evanuarini Herly
Published: September 2021

The utilization of an alternative enzyme for rennet substitution in cheese production offers promising potential for product diversification. In this research, the physicochemical characteristics and protein profile of cottage cheese made by using the crude extract of bromelain enzyme from Ananas comosus were evaluated. The observed variables include protein, fat, water, and ash content, as well as the cottage cheese yields, texture, meltability and protein profile. The research was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 different bromelain concentrations at 1.5% (K1); 3% (K2); and 4.5% (K3) and each was replicated for 4 times. The obtained data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test to measure significant differences, while the protein profile of the cottage cheese was observed by using SDS-PAGE and analyzed descriptively. The different enzyme concentrations showed that the different bromelain concentrations had significant differences (P<0.01) to the overall physicochemical properties of the cottage cheese, with the protein content at 11.50 to 12.64%; fat content at 2.13 to 5.21%; water content at 56.01 to 57.65%; and ash content at 0.59 to 1.68%. The produced cottage cheese had yields at 8.46 to 10.62%; texture at 3.67 to 3.81 N; and meltability at 1.89 to 2.82%, while the protein profile observation showed different bands at 4.58 to 160.47 kDa. The research concludes that 3% bromelain concentration produces cottage cheese with the best physicochemical properties in this research, that contained 12.64±0.43% protein, 2.13±0.90% fat, 56.06±0.22% water, 0.59±0.38% ash, with cheese texture of 3.81±0.11 N and 282±0.13% meltability from a total yield of 10.62±0.06%.
Development and Validation of a Cultural-based Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) against 7-day Food Diary (7d FD) to Assess Fish Intake among Elementary School Children
Authors: Rahmawaty Setyaningrum , Meyer Prof. Barbara J
Published: September 2021

An accurate dietary fish questionnaire can be used to predict dietary intake status of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA). The aim of this study was to design and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to predict fish consumption of primary school children against a 7-day food diary (7d FD). A cross-sectional study was performed in elementary school in Surakarta, Indonesia. A total of 164 children aged 8 to 12 yo which were recruited using multi-stage random sampling were participated in this study. The FFQ consisted of 38 species of fish including 27 species of fresh fish and 11 species of processed fish. Total median (interquartile range) fish intake determined from the FFQ vs 7d FD was similar of 60 (36-114) g/d and 59 (37-108) g/d, respectively. A very good correlation was found between the FFQ and 7d FD by Spearman’s correlation coefficient test (r=0.965, p=0.0001) with an acceptable of the two methods using non-parametric limit of agreement (95% LoA=-10.907-34.619, median difference=0.011, 95% CI for median difference=-2.408-1.193). The FFQ is acceptable a valid tool to determine fish intake in this group.
Effects of Different Cooking Methods on Physicochemical and Bioactive Compounds of Selected Green Vegetables in North Eastern Region, Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Md. Rahmatuzzaman , Ahmad Hasan , Sayem A.S.M. , Jothi Jakia Sultana , Hoque Md. Mozammel , Rahman Mizanur
Published: September 2021

This study evaluated the effects of three cooking methods, including boiling (100 oC, 5 min), steaming (7.5 min), and microwave (900 W, 1 min) on physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of three widely consumed winter vegetables in Bangladesh, such as green bean (Lablab purpureus), cabbage (Brassicaoleracea var. capitata), and mustard leaf (Brassica juncea). The ascorbic acid (AA) content was decreased significantly after all cooking treatments. In general, the AA retained by different vegetables was highest after microwave cooking and lowest after boiling. Cooked vegetables contained more β-carotene than fresh vegetables, and maximum retention was observed after steaming. However, total flavonoid contents were decreased slightly for all treatments. With the exception of cabbage, both steaming and microwave cooking enhanced significantly (P<0.05) the polyphenol content (TPC) in all vegetables. The highest TPC was found in the green bean during boiling (72.5 mg GAE/100 g), and the lowest was found in cabbage with steaming (35.58 mg GAE/100 g). There is a significant increase in antioxidant activity after boiling and steaming, except microwave cooking of cabbage and mustard leaf. However, the lightness (L*) of all vegetables decreased for each cooking method, but the greenness intensity increased after microwave cooking. Overall, cooking can alter the food's physical and nutritional content but depend on vegetables and the method of cooking.
Clinical impact of component placement in manually instrumented total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kazarian Gregory S. , Lieberman Elizabeth G. , Hansen Erik J. , Nunley Ryan M. , Barrack Robert L.
Published: September 2021

Aims

The goal of the current systematic review was to assess the impact of implant placement accuracy on outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using the Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science databases in order to assess the impact of the patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) and implant placement accuracy on outcomes following TKA. Studies assessing the impact of implant alignment, rotation, size, overhang, or condylar offset were included. Study quality was assessed, evidence was graded (one-star: no evidence, two-star: limited evidence, three-star: moderate evidence, four-star: strong evidence), and recommendations were made based on the available evidence.

Results

A total of 49 studies were identified for inclusion. With respect to PROMs, there was two-star evidence in support of mechanical axis alignment (MAA), femorotibial angle (FTA), femoral coronal angle (FCA), tibial coronal angle (TCA), femoral sagittal angle (FSA), femoral rotation, tibial and combined rotation/mismatch, and implant size/overhang or offset on PROMs, and one-star evidence in support of tibial sagittal angle (TSA), impacting PROMs. With respect to survival, there was three- to four-star evidence in support FTA, FCA, TCA, and TSA, moderate evidence in support of femoral rotation, tibial and combined rotation/mismatch, and limited evidence in support of MAA, FSA, and implant size/overhang or offset impacting survival.

Conclusion

Overall, there is limited evidence to suggest that PROMs are impacted by the accuracy of implant placement, and malalignment does not appear to be a significant driver of the observed high rates of patient dissatisfaction following TKA. However, FTA, FCA, TCA, TSA, and implant rotation demonstrate a moderate-strong relationship with implant survival. Efforts should be made to improve the accuracy of these parameters in order to improve TKA survival. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1449–1456.
The impact of asymmetry on the radiographical outcomes following hip reconstruction in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Pargas Carlos , Saisongcroh Tanyawat , Rogers Kenneth J. , Sees Julieanne P. , Miller Freeman , Shrader M. Wade
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of asymmetric hip dysplasia on the outcome of hip reconstruction in patients with cerebral palsy according to preoperative migration percentage (MP).

Methods

This study was institutional review board-approved for retrospective cohort review. From 2008 to 2018, 65 patients met inclusion criteria: Gross Motor Function Scale Classification (GMFSC) III to V with spastic hips (MP > 30%) who underwent bilateral hip reconstruction, with a follow-up > 24 months. Main exclusion criteria: children with associated syndromes or chromosomal disorders. The cohort was subdivided into three groups according to preoperative MP difference between hips: Group A > 50%, group B 20% to 50% and Group C < 20%. Subsequently, the groups were analyzed individually and then compared. The asymmetry of extended abduction of the hip was also evaluated and separated into three groups: no asymmetry (< 20° difference), mild asymmetry (20° to 50° difference) and severe (> 50° difference).

Results

In total, 65 patients underwent bilateral bony reconstructive surgery (130 hips). Mean age at surgery was 10.1 years (sd 3.6; 3.6 to 18.4). Mean age at follow-up was 14.7 years (sd 3.8; 8 to 21). Preoperative GMFSC distribution was grade III (four, 6%), IV (15, 23%) and V (46, 71%). In all, 21 symmetric hips (< 20% MP difference) had a preoperative MP difference of 9% and a follow-up MP difference of 18% (p > 0.05); 32 had a preoperative MP difference of 34% and a follow-up MP difference of 16% (p < 0.0001); 12 had a preoperative MP difference of 80% and a follow-up difference of 6% (p < 0.0001). According to pre- and postoperative abduction values, the mean high hip abduction preoperatively was 34° (sd 17°), whereas low hip abduction was 23° (sd 17°).

Conclusion

Hips with asymmetrical dysplasia and/or abduction undergoing bilateral reconstructive surgery focused on symmetric abduction, and corrected dysplasia in patients with cerebral palsy has improved symmetry in hip abduction and MP. Obtaining this goal immediately postoperatively is maintained to medium-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence

IV
Genetic Algorithm-Conditional Mutual Information Maximization based feature selection for Bot Attack Classification in IoT devices
Authors: Kavitha G , Elango N. M.
Published: September 2021

The evolution of computing is increasing in a vast manner that will integrate many physical objects and the internet to generate a new interconnection, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). It is estimated that the number of devices that will be interconnected to the internet will be more than trillions until 2025. Due to the lack of interoperability when these devices are interconnected in a vast heterogeneous network, it is tough to define and apply security mechanisms. The IoT networks have been exposed to many vulnerable attacks that disturb the network. Therefore, designing an intrusion detection system that provides additional security tools specific to IoT is needed to apply security mechanisms to detect the attacks in the network. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid GA-CMIM machine learning algorithm that improves the efficiency in detecting the botnet intrusions with the set of optimal features that are selected from the dataset using a feature selection method.
Synchronization in PT-symmetric optomechanical resonators
Authors: Zhu Chang-Long , Liu Yu-Long , Yang Lan , Liu Yu-Xi , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2021

Synchronization has great impacts in various fields such as self-clocking, communication, and neural networks. Here, we present a mechanism of synchronization for two mechanical modes in two coupled optomechanical resonators with a parity-time (

PT

)-symmetric structure. It is shown that the degree of synchronization between the two far-off-resonant mechanical modes can be increased by decreasing the coupling strength between the two optomechanical resonators due to the large amplification of optomechanical interaction near the exceptional point. Additionally, when we consider the stochastic noises in the optomechanical resonators by working near the exceptional point, we find that more noises can enhance the degree of synchronization of the system under a particular parameter regime. Our results open up a new dimension of research for

PT

-symmetric systems and synchronization.
Dispersion engineering and measurement in crystalline microresonators using a fiber ring etalon
Authors: Zhang Xiaobao , Lin Guoping , Sun Tang , Song Qinghai , Xiao Guangzong , Luo Hui
Published: September 2021

Dispersion engineering and measurement are significant for nonlinear photonic applications using whispering gallery mode microresonators. Specifically, the Kerr microresonator frequency comb as an important example has attracted a great amount of interest in research fields due to the potential capability of full integration on a chip. A simple and cost-efficient way for dispersion measurements is thereby in high demand for designing such a microcomb device. Here, we report a dispersion measurement approach using a fiber ring etalon reference. The free spectral range of the etalon is first measured through sideband modulation, and the dispersion of the etalon is inferred by binary function fitting during the dispersion measurement. This method is demonstrated on two

MgF

2

disk resonators. Experimental results show good agreement with numerical simulations using the finite element method. Dispersion engineering on such resonators is also numerically investigated.
Sex- and context-dependent effects of acute isolation on vocal and non-vocal social behaviors in mice
Authors: Zhao Xin , Ziobro Patryk , Pranic Nicole M. , Chu Samantha , Rabinovich Samantha , Chan William , Zhao Jennifer , Kornbrek Caroline , He Zichen , Tschida Katherine A.
Published: September 2021

Humans are extraordinarily social, and social isolation has profound effects on our behavior, ranging from increased social motivation following short periods of social isolation to increased anti-social behaviors following long-term social isolation. Mice are frequently used as a model to understand how social isolation impacts the brain and behavior. While the effects of chronic social isolation on mouse social behavior have been well studied, much less is known about how acute isolation impacts mouse social behavior and whether these effects vary according to the sex of the mouse and the behavioral context of the social encounter. To address these questions, we characterized the effects of acute (3-day) social isolation on the vocal and non-vocal social behaviors of male and female mice during same-sex and opposite-sex social interactions. Our experiments uncovered pronounced effects of acute isolation on social interactions between female mice, while revealing more subtle effects on the social behaviors of male mice during same-sex and opposite-sex interactions. Our findings advance the study of same-sex interactions between female mice as an attractive paradigm to investigate neural mechanisms through which acute isolation enhances social motivation and promotes social behavior.
Automatic segmentation of gadolinium-enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis using deep learning from clinical MRI
Authors: Gaj Sibaji , Ontaneda Daniel , Nakamura Kunio
Published: September 2021

Gadolinium-enhancing lesions reflect active disease and are critical for in-patient monitoring in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this work, we have developed the first fully automated method to segment and count the gadolinium-enhancing lesions from routine clinical MRI of MS patients. The proposed method first segments the potential lesions using 2D-UNet from multi-channel scans (T1 post-contrast, T1 pre-contrast, FLAIR, T2, and proton-density) and classifies the lesions using a random forest classifier. The algorithm was trained and validated on 600 MRIs with manual segmentation. We compared the effect of loss functions (Dice, cross entropy, and bootstrapping cross entropy) and number of input contrasts. We compared the lesion counts with those by radiologists using 2,846 images. Dice, lesion-wise sensitivity, and false discovery rate with full 5 contrasts were 0.698, 0.844, and 0.307, which improved to 0.767, 0.969, and 0.00 in large lesions (>100 voxels). The model using bootstrapping loss function provided a statistically significant increase of 7.1% in sensitivity and of 2.3% in Dice compared with the model using cross entropy loss. T1 post/pre-contrast and FLAIR were the most important contrasts. For large lesions, the 2D-UNet model trained using T1 pre-contrast, FLAIR, T2, PD had a lesion-wise sensitivity of 0.688 and false discovery rate 0.083, even without T1 post-contrast. For counting lesions in 2846 routine MRI images, the model with 2D-UNet and random forest, which was trained with bootstrapping cross entropy, achieved accuracy of 87.7% using T1 pre-contrast, T1 post-contrast, and FLAIR when lesion counts were categorized as 0, 1, and 2 or more. The model performs well in routine non-standardized MRI datasets, allows large-scale analysis of clinical datasets, and may have clinical applications.
Findings from the Kids in Communities Study (KiCS): A mixed methods study examining community-level influences on early childhood development
Authors: Goldfeld Sharon , Villanueva Karen , Tanton Robert , Katz Ilan , Brinkman Sally , Giles-Corti Billie , Woolcock Geoffrey
Published: September 2021

There is increasing international interest in place-based approaches to improve early childhood development (ECD) outcomes. The available data and evidence are limited and precludes well informed policy and practice change. Developing the evidence-base for community-level effects on ECD is one way to facilitate more informed and targeted community action. This paper presents overall final findings from the Kids in Communities Study (KiCS), an Australian mixed methods investigation into community-level effects on ECD in five domains of influence–physical, social, governance, service, and sociodemographic. Twenty five local communities (suburbs) across Australia were selected based on ‘diagonality type’ i.e. whether they performed better (off-diagonal positive), worse (off-diagonal negative), or ‘as expected’ (on-diagonal) on the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) relative to their socioeconomic profile. The approach was designed to determine replicable and modifiable factors that were separate to socioeconomic status. Between 2015–2017, stakeholder interviews (n = 146), parent and service provider focus groups (n = 51), and existing socio-economic and early childhood education and care administrative data were collected. Qualitative and quantitative data analyses were undertaken to understand differences between 14 paired disadvantaged local communities (i.e. on versus off-diagonal). Further analysis of qualitative data elicited important factors for all 25 local communities. From this, we developed a draft set of ‘Foundational Community Factors’ (FCFs); these are the factors that lay the foundations of a good community for young children.