bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A therapeutic approach to pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Sharma Lalit Kumar , Subramanian Chitra , Yun Mi-Kyung , Frank Matthew W. , White Stephen W. , Rock Charles O. , Lee Richard E. , Jackowski Suzanne
Published: October 2018

Pantothenate kinase (PANK) is a metabolic enzyme that regulates cellular coenzyme A (CoA) levels. There are three human PANK genes, and inactivating mutations in PANK2 lead to pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN). Here we performed a library screen followed by chemical optimization to produce PZ-2891, an allosteric PANK activator that crosses the blood brain barrier. PZ-2891 occupies the pantothenate pocket and engages the dimer interface to form a PANK•ATP•Mg2+•PZ-2891 complex. The binding of PZ-2891 to one protomer locks the opposite protomer in a catalytically active conformation that is refractory to acetyl-CoA inhibition. Oral administration of PZ-2891 increases CoA levels in mouse liver and brain. A knockout mouse model of brain CoA deficiency exhibited weight loss, severe locomotor impairment and early death. Knockout mice on PZ-2891 therapy gain weight, and have improved locomotor activity and life span establishing pantazines as novel therapeutics for the treatment of PKAN.
Deciphering synergetic core-shell transformation from [Mo6O22@Ag44] to [Mo8O28@Ag50]
Authors: Wang Zhi , Su Hai-Feng , Tung Chen-Ho , Sun Di , Zheng Lan-Sun
Published: October 2018

The structural transformation of high-nuclearity silver clusters from one to another induced by specific stimuli is of scientific significance in terms of both cluster synthesis and reactivity. Herein, we report two silver-thiolate clusters, [Mo6O22@Ag44] and [Mo8O28@Ag50], which are templated by isopolymolybdates inside and covered by iPrS− and PhCOO− ligands on the surfaces. Amazingly, the [Mo8O28@Ag50] can be transformed from [Mo6O22@Ag44] by adding PhCOOH which increases the degree of condensation of molybdates template from Mo6O228- to Mo8O288-, then enlarging the outer silver shell from Ag44 to Ag50. The evolution of solution species revealed by time-dependent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) suggests a breakage-growth-reassembly (BGR) transformation mechanism. These results not only provide a combined assembly strategy (anion-template + induced transformation) for the synthesis of silver-thiolate clusters but also help us to better understand the complex transformation process underpinning the assembly system.
Compact Optical Nerve Cuff Electrode for Simultaneous Neural Activity Monitoring and Optogenetic Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Song Kang-Il , Park Sunghee Estelle , Lee Seul , Kim Hyungmin , Lee Soo Hyun , Youn Inchan
Published: October 2018

Optogenetic stimulation of the peripheral nervous system is a novel approach to motor control, somatosensory transduction, and pain processing. Various optical stimulation tools have been developed for optogenetic stimulation using optical fibers and light-emitting diodes positioned on the peripheral nerve. However, these tools require additional sensors to monitor the limb or muscle status. We present herein a novel optical nerve cuff electrode that uses a single cuff electrode to conduct to simultaneously monitor neural activity and optogenetic stimulation of the peripheral nerve. The proposed optical nerve cuff electrode is designed with a polydimethylsiloxane substrate, on which electrodes can be positioned to record neural activity. We confirm that the illumination intensity and the electrical properties of the optical nerve cuff electrode are suitable for optical stimulation with simultaneous neural activity monitoring in Thy1::ChR2 transgenic mice. With the proposed electrode, the limb status is monitored with continuous streaming signals during the optical stimulation of anesthetized and moving animals. In conclusion, this optical nerve cuff electrode provides a new optical modulation tool for peripheral nervous system studies.
LncRNA HOTAIR regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine expression and inflammatory response in macrophages
Authors: Obaid Monira , Udden S. M. Nashir , Deb Paromita , Shihabeddin Nadine , Zaki Md. Hasan , Mandal Subhrangsu S.
Published: October 2018

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as major regulators of a variety of cell signaling processes. Many lncRNAs are expressed in immune cells and appear to play critical roles in the regulation of immune response. Here, we have investigated the potential role of a well-known lncRNA, HOTAIR, in inflammatory and immune response. Our studies demonstrate that HOTAIR expression is induced in immune cells (macrophages) upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Knockdown of HOTAIR reduces NF-κB-mediated inflammatory gene and cytokine expression in macrophages. Inhibition of NF-κB resulted in down-regulation of LPS-induced expression of HOTAIR as well as IL-6 and iNOS expression. We further demonstrated that HOTAIR regulates activation of NF-κB and its target genes (IL-6 and iNOS) expression via facilitating the degradation of IκBα. HOTAIR knockdown reduces the expression of NF-κB target gene expression via inhibiting the recruitment of NF-κB and associated cofactors at the target gene promoters. Taken together, our findings suggest that HOTAIR is a critical player in NF-κB activation in macrophages suggesting its potential functions in inflammatory and immune response.
Expression analysis of cellulose synthase-like genes in durum wheat
Authors: Marcotuli Ilaria , Colasuonno Pasqualina , Blanco Antonio , Gadaleta Agata
Published: October 2018

Cellulose synthase-like CslF and CslH genes have been implicated in the biosynthesis of β-glucans, a major cell wall constituents in grasses and cereals. The low β-glucan content of durum wheat and lack of information of the biosynthesis pathway make the expression analysis in different developmental stages of grain endosperm an interesting tool for the crop genetic improvement. Specific genome sequences of wheat CslF6 and CslH were isolated and the genomic sequence and structure were analysed in the cv. Svevo. In starchy endosperm at five developmental stages (6, 12, 21, 28 and 40 days after pollination) CslF6 and CslH transcripts were differentially expressed. A peak of CslF6 transcription occurred at 21 dap, while CslH was abundant at 28 dap. Significant variations were detected for both the genes in the genotypes. Significant and positive correlation were detected between β-glucan content and CslF6 gene expression at 21 dap and 40 dap, while no significant correlation was observed for CslH gene. On the overall, our correlation analysis reflected data from previous studies on other species highlighting how the abundance of transcripts encoding for CslF6 and CslH enzymes were not necessarily a good indicator of enzyme activity and/or β-glucan deposition in cell wall.
Experimental study on mandibular length and facial symmetry of low estrogen level and anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint
Authors: Jiao Zixian , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Xiaohu , Yang Chi
Published: October 2018

This study was aimed at elucidating the changes of mandible symmetry in a rabbit model with low estrogen levels induced by ovariectomy (OVX) combined with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR). 32 growing rabbits were randomly allocated into 4 groups; OVX group, ADDWoR group, OVX+ ADDWoR group and control group. In OVX and OVX+ ADDWoR groups, bilateral OVX was performed and then the serum level of 17β-estradiol was evaluated every week. In ADDWoR group and OVX+ ADDWoR group, the right TMJ was surgically opened and the disc was displaced anteriorly and the left TMJ was also surgically opened and closed without any manipulation of the disc. All rabbits had CT scan before and at the end of the study and the mandible measurements were performed on the 3D-reconstructed model. The mandible in ADDWoR group was consistently shorter on the right side resulting in a midline shift to the ipsilateral side. While in OVX+ ADDWoR group, the mandibular length of the right side was more shorter than in ADDWoR group, moreover, mandibular deviation was therefore more severe. In OVX group, there was no difference regarding the length of mandible compared to the control group. There was no difference regarding the mandibular length between left and right sides in the control group.
The Sema3A receptor Plexin-A1 suppresses supernumerary axons through Rap1 GTPases
Authors: Wang Nannan , Dhumale Pratibha , Chiang Joanna , Püschel Andreas W.
Published: October 2018

The highly conserved Rap1 GTPases perform essential functions during neuronal development. They are required for the polarity of neuronal progenitors and neurons as well as for neuronal migration in the embryonic brain. Neuronal polarization and axon formation depend on the precise temporal and spatial regulation of Rap1 activity by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPases-activating proteins (GAPs). Several Rap1 GEFs have been identified that direct the formation of axons during cortical and hippocampal development in vivo and in cultured neurons. However little is known about the GAPs that limit the activity of Rap1 GTPases during neuronal development. Here we investigate the function of Sema3A and Plexin-A1 as a regulator of Rap1 GTPases during the polarization of hippocampal neurons. Sema3A was shown to suppress axon formation when neurons are cultured on a patterned substrate. Plexin-A1 functions as the signal-transducing subunit of receptors for Sema3A and displays GAP activity for Rap1 GTPases. We show that Sema3A and Plexin-A1 suppress the formation of supernumerary axons in cultured neurons, which depends on Rap1 GTPases.
Bacterial and fungal gut communities of Agrilus mali at different developmental stages and fed different diets
Authors: Zhang Zhengqing , Jiao Shuo , Li Xiaohui , Li Menglou
Published: October 2018

Agrilus mali (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive wood borer pest that has caused considerable damage to the Xinjiang wild fruit forest. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal intestinal microbial communities of A. mali during different developmental stages, including larvae, pupae and newly eclosed adults or fed different diets (leaves of Malus halliana and Malus pumila) using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that microbial alpha diversity first increased and then decreased during the developmental stages, with the most dominant bacteria and fungi exhibiting the dynamic patterns “Decrease”, “Increase” and “Fluctuation”. With respect to the different diets, the bacterial communities were similar between the newly eclosed adults and adults fed M. pumila leaves, while the structure of the fungal communities showed great differences between newly eclosed adults and adults fed different diets. Through a co-correlation network analysis, we observed complex microbial interactions among bacterial and fungal taxa that were associated with potential diverse functions and intricate biological processes in the intestinal microbiota of A. mali. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the invasive insect A. mali harbours diverse, dynamic, and presumably multifunctional microbial communities, an understanding of which could improve our ability to develop more effective management approaches to control A. mali.
SAC3D1: a novel prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Han Myoung-Eun , Kim Ji-Young , Kim Ga Hyun , Park Si Young , Kim Yun Hak , Oh Sae-Ock
Published: October 2018

Centrosome-associated proteins are recognized as prognostic factors in many cancers because centrosomes are critical structures for the cell cycle progression and genomic stability. SAC3D1, however, is associated with centrosome abnormality, although its prognostic potential has not been evaluated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, 3 independent cohorts (GSE10186, n = 80; TCGA, n = 330 and ICGC, n = 237) were used to assess SAC3D1 as a biomarker, which demonstrated SAC3D1 overexpression in HCC tissues when compared to the matched normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also showed that its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of HCC with good discriminative ability in 3 independent cohorts (GSE10186, P = 0.00469; TCGA, P = 0.0000413 and ICGC, P = 0.0000114). Analysis of the C-indices and AUC values further supported its discriminative ability. Finally, multivariate analysis confirmed its prognostic significance (GSE10186, P = 0.00695; TCGA, P = 0.0000289 and ICGC, P = 0.0000651). These results suggest a potential of SAC3D1 as a biomarker for HCC.
Poly(amidoamine)-coated magnetic particles for enhanced detection ofSchistosomacirculating anodic antigen in endemic urine samples
Authors: Markwalter Christine F. , Corstjens Paul L. A. M. , Mammoser Claire M. , Camps Garrett , van Dam Govert J. , Wright David W.
Published: October 2018

Charge-based biomarker concentration using magnetic beads improves ultrasensitive schistosomiasis diagnostic and eliminates need for well-equipped laboratory in low-resource settings.
Structural effects of ditopic azoprobe–cyclodextrin complexes on the selectivity of guest-induced supramolecular chirality
Authors: Fujiwara Shoji , Nonaka Kentaro , Yamaguchi Mai , Hashimoto Takeshi , Hayashita Takashi
Published: October 2018

Guest-induced supramolecular chirality: the guest ion selectivity was dramatically altered by a slight change in the spacer length of (15C5-Azo-n-dpa)2–γ-CyD complexes in water.
Correlating thermochromic and mechanochromic phosphorescence with polymorphs of a complex gold(i) double salt with infinite aurophilicity
Authors: Liu Qi , Xie Mo , Chang Xiaoyong , Gao Qin , Chen Yong , Lu Wei
Published: October 2018

Something learnt from a golden trio: polymorphs of a [Au(NHC)2][Au(CN)2] double salt allow an understanding of the thermochromic and mechanochromic phosphorescence of the gold(i) complexes with extended aurophilicity.
Cu transfer from amyloid-β4–16 to metallothionein-3: the role of the neurotransmitter glutamate and metallothionein-3 Zn(ii)-load states
Authors: Santoro Alice , Wezynfeld Nina Ewa , Stefaniak Ewelina , Pomorski Adam , Płonka Dawid , Krężel Artur , Bal Wojciech , Faller Peter
Published: October 2018

Copper transfer from Cu(ii)amyloid-β4–16 to human Zn7-metallothionein-3 can be accelerated by glutamate and by lowering the Zn-load of metallothionein-3 with EDTA.
Alkylarylation of styrenes via direct C(sp3)–Br/C(sp2)–H functionalization mediated by photoredox and copper cooperative catalysis
Authors: Yong Xin , Han Ya-Fei , Li Yang , Song Ren-Jie , Li Jin-Heng
Published: October 2018

For straightforward access to various substituted 1,1-diarylalkanes a photoredox-catalyzed and copper-promoted 1,2-alkylarylation reaction of styrenes has been developed, which uses α-carbonyl alkyl bromides and N,N-disubstituted anilines as functionalization reagents.
Interaction of an imidazolium-2-amidinate (NHC-CDI) zwitterion with zinc dichloride in dichloromethane: role as ligands and C–Cl activation promoters
Authors: Sánchez-Roa David , Santiago Tomás G. , Fernández-Millán Maria , Cuenca Tomás , Palma Pilar , Cámpora Juan , Mosquera Marta E. G.
Published: October 2018

Investigation of the interaction of a NHC-CDI zwitterion with ZnCl2 in dichloromethane led to the serendipitous discovery of a highly selective, double C–Cl activation of dichloromethane.
The synthesis of ZnS@MoS2 hollow polyhedrons for enhanced lithium storage performance
Authors: Zhao Yueying , Wang Wanwan , Chen Mengna , Wang Ruojie , Fang Zhen
Published: October 2018

ZnS@MoS2 hollow polyhedrons display outstanding cycling performance and high reversible specific capacity in LIB anodes.
Synthesis of spiny metal–phenolic coordination crystals as a sensing platform for sequence-specific detection of nucleic acids
Authors: Huang Hengbo , Qin Jing , Wang Gen , Guo Zehua , Yu Xu , Zhao Yongxi , Wei Jing
Published: October 2018

Metal–phenolic coordination crystals with a spiny surface and tunable compositions are synthesized, and can be used as DNA sensors.
A revisit of the interaction of gaseous ozone with aqueous iodide. Estimating the contributions of the surface and bulk reactions
Authors: Moreno Carolina G. , Gálvez Oscar , López-Arza Moreno Vicente , Espildora-García Eva María , Baeza-Romero María Teresa
Published: October 2018

The reaction of ozone and iodide happens in the surface, in bulk or in both depending on the iodide and ozone concentration.
Experimental and theoretical study on the optical properties of LaVO4 crystals under pressure
Authors: Muñoz-Santiuste J. E. , Lavín V. , Rodríguez-Mendoza U. R. , Ferrer-Roca Ch. , Errandonea D. , Martínez-García D. , Rodríguez-Hernández P. , Muñoz A. , Bettinelli M.
Published: October 2018

We report optical absorption and luminescence measurements in pure and trivalent neodymium (Nd3+) doped LaVO4 crystals up to 25 GPa. We also present the theoretical framework to accurately explain the observed experimental results.
Nonadiabatic effects on the positions and lifetimes of the low-lying rovibrational levels of the GK 1Σ+g and H 1Σ+g states of H2
Authors: Hölsch Nicolas , Beyer Maximilian , Merkt Frédéric
Published: October 2018

The term values of rovibrational levels of the GK 1Σ+g and H 1Σ+g states of H2 have been measured with absolute and relative accuracies down to 10−4 cm−1 (≈3 MHz) and 10−6 cm−1 (≈30 kHz), respectively, by measuring transitions to long-lived high-n Rydberg states using single-mode cw laser radiation and a collimated supersonic beam of cold H2 molecules.
Partitioning of nanoscale particles on a heterogeneous multicomponent lipid bilayer
Authors: Yang Kai , Yang Ran , Tian Xiaodong , He Kejie , Filbrun Seth Leon , Fang Ning , Ma Yuqiang , Yuan Bing
Published: October 2018

Partitioning of nanoparticles into different lipid phases of a cell membrane is regulated by the physical properties of both the membrane and nanoparticles.
Single-molecule protein sensing in a nanopore: a tutorial
Authors: Varongchayakul Nitinun , Song Jiaxi , Meller Amit , Grinstaff Mark W.
Published: October 2018

A guidebook and reference for detecting and characterizing proteins at the single-molecule level using nanopores.
Recent developments in heterogeneous photocatalysts for solar-driven overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Zheng , Li Can , Domen Kazunari
Published: October 2018

Overall water splitting based on particulate photocatalysts is an easily constructed and cost-effective technology for the conversion of abundant solar energy into clean and renewable hydrogen energy on a large scale.
Engineering robust metal–phenolic network membranes for uranium extraction from seawater
Authors: Luo Wei , Xiao Gao , Tian Fan , Richardson Joseph J. , Wang Yaping , Zhou Jianfei , Guo Junling , Liao Xuepin , Shi Bi
Published: October 2018

Biomass-derived membrane used for uranium extraction of natural seawater from the East China Sea through the formation of metal–phenolic networks.
Incorporation of bioactive dairy hydrolysate influences the stability and digestion behaviour of milk protein stabilised emulsions
Authors: McIntyre Irene , Carolan Anita , O'Sullivan Michael , Jacquier Jean-Christophe , Hutchings Scott , Murray Brian , O'Riordan Dolores
Published: October 2018

Altering the proportion of hydrolysed (NaCasH) to intact protein (NaCas), can influence the susceptibility to droplet coalescence and subsequently the rate of lipid digestion in emulsion systems.
Viability of microencapsulated Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus plantarum during freeze-drying, storage and in vitro simulated upper gastrointestinal tract passage
Authors: Marcial-Coba Martín Sebastián , Cieplak Tomasz , Cahú Thiago Barbosa , Blennow Andreas , Knøchel Susanne , Nielsen Dennis Sandris
Published: October 2018

Microencapsulated and subsequently freeze-dried cells showed acceptable storage stability and enhanced survival during in vitro upper gastrointestinal tract passage.
Diagnosis of traumatic brain injury using miRNA signatures in nanomagnetically isolated brain-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Ko J. , Hemphill M. , Yang Z. , Sewell E. , Na Y. J. , Sandsmark D. K. , Haber M. , Fisher S. A. , Torre E. A. , Svane K. C. , Omelchenko A. , Firestein B. L. , Diaz-Arrastia R. , Kim J. , Meaney D. F. , Issadore D.
Published: October 2018

We developed a platform to isolate brain-derived extracellular vesicles and measure their miRNA biomarkers to classify specific states of traumatic brain injury.
Identifying glioblastoma margins using dual-targeted organic nanoparticles for efficient in vivo fluorescence image-guided photothermal therapy
Authors: Cai Xiaolei , Bandla Aishwarya , Chuan Chan Kim , Magarajah Gayathiri , Liao Lun-De , Teh Daniel Boon Loong , Kennedy Brian K. , Thakor Nitish V. , Liu Bin
Published: October 2018

Dual-targeted organic nanoparticles efficiently target the margin of glioblastoma and successfully suppress the tumour growth through photothermal therapy.
Peptide-based development of PKA activators
Authors: Kahremany Shirin , Zhenin Michael , Shenberger Yulia , Maimoun David , Colotti Gianni , Arad Michael , Shainberg Asher , Senderowitz Hanoch , Ruthstein Sharon , Gruzman Arie
Published: October 2018

Activation of the PKA catalytic unit by small peptide (SE1). Development of peptidomimetics.
Melamine formaldehyde–metal organic gel interpenetrating polymer network derived intrinsic Fe–N-doped porous graphitic carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Shijina Kottarathil , Illathvalappil Rajith , Sumitha N. S. , Sailaja G. S. , Kurungot Sreekumar , Nair Balagopal N. , Peer Mohamed A. , Anilkumar Gopinathan M. , Yamaguchi Takeo , Hareesh U. S.
Published: October 2018

Melamine formaldehyde metal organic gel interpenetrating networks for heteroporous Fe–N-doped carbon.
Microwave assisted hydrogenation of olefins by Pd NPs@polystyrene resin using a gas addition kit: a robust and sustainable protocol
Authors: Sharma Anuj S. , Kaur Harjinder
Published: October 2018

Polystyrene (PS) resin bead supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs@PS resin) were prepared and their catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of olefins was investigated under microwave heating.
Synthesis of a Pt/reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine composite material for localized surface plasmon resonance and methanol electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Lu Shixiang , Xu Wenguo , Wu Bei , He Ge , Cui Shuo , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2018

Pt NPs are synthesized and loaded with rGO onto ITO using polydopamine. The strongest LSPR effect corresponds to the optimal catalyst. The catalyst has a good anti-poison property against CO and shows good cycle stability.
Identification of four single-stranded DNA homopolymers with a solid-state nanopore in alkaline CsCl solution
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Yanagi Itaru , Matsui Kazuma , Yokoi Takahide , Takeda Ken-ichi
Published: October 2018

Single-stranded DNA homopolymers of each nucleotide were statistically identified according to their blockade currents obtained with the same single 5 nm-thick SiN nanopore and an alkaline CsCl solution.
Raman intensity enhancement of molecules adsorbed onto HfS2flakes up to 200 layers
Authors: Yue Xiao Fei , Liang Yao , Jiang Jie , Liu Rong Gang , Ren Shou Tian , Gao Ren Xi , Zhong Bo , Wen Guang Wu , Wang Ying Ying , Zou Ming Qiang
Published: October 2018

An optical interference effect successfully describes Raman spectra of HfS2and Raman spectra of molecules adsorbed on HfS2.
A deeply rechargeable zinc anode with pomegranate-inspired nanostructure for high-energy aqueous batteries
Authors: Chen Peng , Wu Yutong , Zhang Yamin , Wu Tzu-Ho , Ma Yao , Pelkowski Chloe , Yang Haochen , Zhang Yi , Hu Xianwei , Liu Nian
Published: October 2018

A deeply rechargeable zinc anode material with nanoscale pomegranate-structured was designed and synthesized for the high energy aqueous batteries.
Carbon-thin-layer protected WP with no passivation supported on acid-treated expanded graphite as efficient Pt Co-catalysts for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Zhang Chunyue , Dai Ying , Chen Hun , Ma Yuanyuan , Jing Baojian , Cai Zhuang , Duan Yaqiang , Tang Bo , Zou Jinlong
Published: October 2018

Pt-WP-CL/AEG catalysts with particles-encapsulated layer-by-layer structure obtain high activity and durability for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions.
3D flower-like hierarchical NiCo2O4architecture on carbon cloth fibers as an anode catalyst for high-performance, durable direct urea fuel cells
Authors: Ranjani M. , Senthilkumar N. , Gnana kumar G. , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: October 2018

A 3D NiCo2O4hierarchical architecture composed of interlaced and self-stacked 2D nanoflakes is realized as a urea oxidation reaction catalyst for the generation of green energy in direct urea fuel cells.
Cr doped WO3 nanofibers enriched with surface oxygen vacancies for highly sensitive detection of the 3-hydroxy-2-butanone biomarker
Authors: Zhu Zhengyou , Zheng Lijun , Zheng Shizheng , Chen Jian , Liang Minghui , Tian Yongtao , Yang Dachi
Published: October 2018

Cr doped WO3 nanofibers enriched with surface oxygen vacancies have been developed to smartly detect the 3H-2B biomarker for the real-time monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes.
Insight into the intercalation mechanism of WSe2 onions toward metal ion capacitors: sodium rivals lithium
Authors: Wang Yichun , Zhang Xin , Xiong Peixun , Yin Fuxing , Xu Yunhua , Wan Biao , Wang Qingzhou , Wang Gongkai , Ji Puguang , Gou Huiyang
Published: October 2018

WSe2 onions act as a promising anode for sodium ion capacitors that could rival lithium ion capacitors.
A NIR facile, cell-compatible fluorescent sensor for glutathione based on Michael addition induced cascade spirolactam opening and its application in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Xin , Qian Ying
Published: October 2018

A NIR fluorescence probe with NIR emission wavelength at 746 nm and high quantum yield of 0.36 was designed and synthesized to selectively detect GSH over Hcy and Cys in living systems.
Full-solution processed all-nanowire flexible and transparent ultraviolet photodetectors
Authors: Li Yi , Li Yinghui , Chen Jun , Sun Zhipeng , Li Zhuang , Han Xiao , Li Pan , Lin Xiujing , Liu Ruiqing , Ma Yanwen , Huang Wei
Published: October 2018

Full-solution processed all-nanowire flexible and transparent UV photodetectors based on a Ag NW/ZnO NW/Ag NW sandwich MSM structure are successfully fabricated and exhibit low operation voltage, excellent photoresponse properties, high transparency and superior mechanical stability.
Optical limiting properties of a few-layer MoS2/PMMA composite under excitation of ultrafast laser pulses
Authors: Liang Guowen , Tao Lili , Tsang Yuen Hong , Zeng Longhui , Liu Xin , Li Ji , Qu Junle , Wen Qiao
Published: October 2018

Few-layer MoS2/PMMA composite solid bulks with remarkable optical limiting properties in both femtosecond and picosecond domains have been successfully demonstrated.
Remarkable nonlinear optical response of pyrazine-fused trichalcogenasumanenes and their application for optical power limiting
Authors: Sun Jibin , Sun Yantao , Yan Chaoxian , Lin Dongxu , Xie Zheng , Zhou Shuyun , Yuan Chengshan , Zhang Hao-Li , Shao Xiangfeng
Published: October 2018

Fusion of the pyrazine moiety onto bowl-shaped trichalcogenasumanenes results in a remarkable nonlinear optical response and optical power limiting performance that is better than C60.
Generalised MGF of the extreme distribution and its applications to performance analysis
Authors: Gong J. , Lee H. , Park M. , Choi J.W. , Kang J.
Published: October 2018

The authors formulate the closed‐form expressions of the generalised moment generating function (G‐MGF) for the extreme distribution, which enables one to calculate important metrics of wireless communications systems. The derived formula is utilised to evaluate the performance of communication systems under extreme fading channels, such as energy detection in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and outage probability in interference limited scenarios.
Mode‐based energy storage control approach for residential photovoltaic systems
Authors: Henri Gonzague , Lu Ning , Carrejo Carlos
Published: October 2018

This study presents a novel mode‐based energy storage control approach. Assuming that an energy storage device (ESD) is equipped with a set of predetermined real‐time control modes, the dispatch objective is to select an optimal mode instead of a continuous charging or discharging power value. A two‐stage algorithm is developed for mode selection. In the first stage, a sliding 24 h economic model predictive control algorithm is used to determine the power outputs of the ESD for the next 24 h. In the second stage, the output sign for the next time step determines the class of modes to be elected (charging or discharging). The information from the first stage is used to compute the total cost for each selected mode. The mode with the lowest day‐ahead cost is chosen. The residential electricity consumption data collected in the PECAN Street Project is used in the simulation to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that using a mode‐based approach reduces the sensitivity to forecasting errors along with load and solar variability. The algorithm performance is consistent across different load patterns.
Eclipsing spotted giant star with K2 and historical photometry
Authors: Oláh K. , Rappaport S. , Borkovits T. , Jacobs T. , Latham D. , Bieryla A. , Bíró I. B. , Bartus J. , Kővári Zs. , Vida K. , Vanderburg A. , LaCourse D. , Csányi I. , Bakos G. Á. , Bhatti W. , Csubry Z. , Hartman J. , Omohundro M.
Published: October 2018

Context. Stars can maintain their observable magnetic activity from the pre-main sequence (PMS) to the tip of the red giant branch. However, the number of known active giants is much lower than active stars on the main sequence (MS) since the stars spend only about 10% of their MS lifetime on the giant branch. Due to their rapid evolution it is difficult to estimate the stellar parameters of giant stars. A possibility for obtaining more reliable stellar parameters for an active giant arises when it is a member of an eclipsing binary system.

Aims. We have discovered EPIC 211759736, an active spotted giant star in an eclipsing binary system during the Kepler K2 Campaign 5. The eclipsing nature allows us to much better constrain the stellar parameters than in most cases of active giant stars.

Methods. We have combined the K2 data with archival HATNet, ASAS, and DASCH photometry, new spectroscopic radial velocity measurements, and a set of follow-up ground-based BVRCIC photometric observations, to find the binary system parameters as well as robust spot models for the giant at two different epochs.

Results. We determined the physical parameters of both stellar components and provide a description of the rotational and long-term activity of the primary component. The temperatures and luminosities of both components were examined in the context of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. We find that both the primary and the secondary components deviate from the evolutionary tracks corresponding to their masses in the sense that the stars appear in the diagram at lower masses than their true masses.

Conclusions. We further evaluate the proposition that traditional methods generally result in higher masses for active giants than what is indicated by stellar evolution tracks in the HR diagram. A possible reason for this discrepancy could be a strong magnetic field, since we see greater differences in more active stars.
Physical properties of AM CVn stars: New insights fromGaiaDR2
Authors: Ramsay G. , Green M. J. , Marsh T. R. , Kupfer T. , Breedt E. , Korol V. , Groot P. J. , Knigge C. , Nelemans G. , Steeghs D. , Woudt P. , Aungwerojwit A.
Published: October 2018

AM CVn binaries are hydrogen deficient compact binaries with an orbital period in the 5–65 min range and are predicted to be strong sources of persistent gravitational wave radiation. UsingGaiaData Release 2, we present the parallaxes and proper motions of 41 out of the 56 known systems. Compared to the parallax determined using the HST Fine Guidance Sensor we find that the archetype star, AM CVn, is significantly closer than previously thought. This resolves the high luminosity and mass accretion rate which models had difficulty in explaining. Using Pan-STARRS1 data we determine the absolute magnitude of the AM CVn stars. There is some evidence that donor stars have a higher mass and radius than expected for white dwarfs or that the donors are not white dwarfs. Using the distances to the known AM CVn stars we find strong evidence that a large population of AM CVn stars has yet to be discovered. As this value sets the background to the gravitational wave signal of LISA this is of wide interest. We determine the mass transfer rate for 15 AM CVn stars and find that the majority has a rate significantly greater than expected from standard models. This is further evidence that the donor star has a greater size than expected.
Zuckergesüßte Getränke und Lebensmittel aus Sicht der Public Health Nutrition
Authors: Buyken Anette
Published: October 2018

Bemühungen zur Reduktion des Konsums von zuckergesüßten Getränken und Lebensmitteln fokussieren in Deutschland bislang wesentlich auf eine verbesserte Ernährungsbildung. Aus Sicht der Public Health Nutrition stehen jedoch eine ganze Reihe weiterer Maßnahmen zur Verfügung, die international bereits zur Anwendung kommen.

So versetzt eine verbesserte Lebensmittelkennzeichnung von zuckergesüßten Fertigprodukten in Form von interpretativen Visualisierungen (z. B. als Ampel oder Logo) auf der Vorderseite der Verpackung VerbraucherInnen in die Lage, zwischen Alternativen zu entscheiden. Eine Reihe weiterer Maßnahmen setzt bei der Lenkung der Wahl („Nudging“) an: Diese reichen von der Änderung des Standards durch die freiwillige oder verbindliche Reformulierung von Produkten über die gezielte Einschränkung des von der Industrie bzw. dem Einzelhandel praktizierten Nudgings (Werbung, Marketing, Produktplatzierung etc.) bis hin zur Einführung einer Steuer bzw. Abgabe auf zuckergesüßte Getränke oder adipogene Lebensmittel. Als direkt wahleinschränkende Maßnahme wird schließlich noch der gezielte Verzicht auf zuckergesüßte Getränke in spezifischen Settings, z. B. in Kindertagesstätten (Kitas) und Schulen diskutiert, wie dies auch in den Standards der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE) gefordert wird.

Derzeit finden Public-Health-Maßnahmen zur Reduktion des Konsums von zuckergesüßten Lebensmitteln oder Getränken in Deutschland keine Anwendung. Der Koalitionsvertrag fasst nun erstmalig eine Reihe von Maßnahmen konkret ins Auge (verbesserte Lebensmittelkennzeichnung, Reformulierungsstrategie, flächendeckende Einführung der DGE-Standards), deren Umsetzung einer kritischen Unterstützung durch die Gesellschaft bedarf.
Nationale Strategien der Reduktion von Zucker, Fett und Salz in Lebensmitteln
Authors: Garlichs Dietrich
Published: October 2018

Trotz aller Bemühungen der Gesundheitspolitik erleben wir seit Jahrzehnten eine wachsende Übergewichtswelle – nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern in vielen Teilen der Welt. Alle Appelle an die Menschen, sich gesünder zu ernähren und mehr zu bewegen, sind gescheitert. In der Folge haben sich nichtübertragbare Krankheiten wie Diabetes, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und einige Krebsarten massiv ausgebreitet. Diese nichtübertragbaren Krankheiten verursachen ungefähr 3/4 der vorzeitigen Todesfälle und den größten Teil unserer Gesundheitskosten.

Seit dem UN-Gipfel zu den nichtübertragbaren Krankheiten 2011 wird in vielen Ländern der Übergang von einer Verhaltens- zu einer Verhältnisprävention diskutiert. Besonders erfolgversprechend sind die fiskalischen Steuerungsversuche, das Verbraucherverhalten günstig zu beeinflussen. Deshalb schlagen medizinische Fachgesellschaften für Deutschland eine gesundheitliche Staffelung der Mehrwertsteuer vor: Obst und Gemüse werden von der Mehrwertsteuer befreit, Grundnahrungsmittel bleiben beim aktuellen Satz von 7 %, und Fertigprodukte mit viel zugesetztem Zucker, Salz oder Fett werden mit dem regulären Satz von 19 % besteuert. Beispiele aus anderen Ländern zeigen, dass Preissignale funktionieren. In Deutschland haben die Tabaksteuererhöhungen den Zigarettenkonsum unter jungen Menschen innerhalb von 10 Jahren halbiert; und die sogenannten Alkopops sind nach der Einführung einer entsprechenden Steuer praktisch vom Markt verschwunden.
Kohlenhydratmalassimilation
Authors: Konturek Peter
Published: October 2018

Kohlenhydratmalassimilationen als häufige Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten spielen im klinischen Alltag eine zunehmende Rolle. Aus klinischer Sicht ist es wichtig, Intoleranzen von anderen Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten, vor allem Nahrungsmittelallergien, zu differenzieren. Die Symptome der Kohlenhydratintoleranz manifestieren sich durch postprandiale Bauchschmerzen mit Übelkeit, Flatulenz und Meteorismus, gashaltige Diarrhöen und in seltenen Fällen extraintestinale Beschwerden (Fatigue, Arthralgien, Myalgien etc.). Typisch für die Kohlenhydratintoleranzen ist das Fehlen von erhöhten Entzündungsparametern, wie CrP im Blut oder Calprotectin im Stuhl. Die Kohlenhydratintoleranzen werden mit dem H2-Atemtest diagnostiziert. Die Therapie besteht in erster Linie darin, die verantwortlichen Zucker zu meiden. In letzter Zeit konnte eine pathophysiologische Verbindung zwischen Kohlenhydratmalabsorption und Reizdarmsyndrom festgestellt werden. Dafür ist in erster Linie die Störung der Zusammensetzung des Darmmikrobioms (Dysbiose) verantwortlich. Therapeutisch wird bei diesen Patienten eine Reduktion von Mono- und Disacchariden und Polyolen (FODMAP-Prinzip) empfohlen.
Macht Zucker krank? Wie viel Zucker macht krank?
Authors: Schulze Matthias
Published: October 2018

Zusammenhänge zwischen Zuckerkonsum und dem Risiko chronischer Krankheiten wurde in den letzten Jahren von einer Vielzahl von Studien untersucht. Dabei sind besonders prospektiv angelegte Studien aussagekräftig. Wichtiger Punkt bei der Bewertung kommt dabei der Bedeutung von Zucker in der Ernährung und dem Körpergewicht zu, welches für viele Krankheiten einen Risikofaktor darstellt.

Der Konsum zuckergesüßter Getränke führt hier zu einem Gewichtsanstieg. Dazu gibt es überzeugende Evidenz aus Beobachtungsstudien, aber gerade auch aus randomisierten kontrollierten Interventionsstudien. Obwohl diese Zusammenhänge in einer erheblichen Anzahl systematischer Übersichtsarbeiten beurteilt wurden, gibt es eine erhebliche Abweichung in der Interpretation der Studienergebnisse in Abhängigkeit von Interessenkonflikten der Autoren.

Der Konsum zuckergesüßter Getränke ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Typ-2-Diabetes verbunden. Obwohl initial die meisten Studien aus dem US-amerikanischen Raum stammten, konnte dieser Zusammenhang auch in Europa beobachtet werden. Zudem ist der Konsum zuckergesüßter Getränke auch mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (CVD) verbunden. Eine „sichere“ Menge gibt es prinzipiell nicht – das Risiko dieser Erkrankungen steigt mit höherer Dosis eher stetig an.

Es gibt keine deutlichen Anhaltspunkte, dass der Verzehr anderer zuckerreicher Lebensmittel das Risiko chronischer Krankheiten erhöht. Zum Teil gibt es laut der Kohlenhydratleitlinie der DGE Evidenz für einen fehlenden Zusammenhang (z. B. mit der Gesamtmenge der zugeführten Mono- und Disaccharide und dem Diabetesrisiko). Teilweise gibt es keine ausreichende Datengrundlage, die eine Bewertung ermöglichen würde. Überraschend sind zum Teil Ergebnisse von Kohortenstudien, die eine Risikosenkung mit einem relativ hohen Verzehr zuckerreicher Lebensmittel wie Kuchen und Kekse nahelegen. Wahrscheinlich sind derartige Beobachtungen allerdings ein Artefakt von Misreporting der Studienteilnehmer.
Empfehlungen zur Zuckeraufnahme
Authors: Watzl Bernhard
Published: October 2018

Die Zufuhr freier Zucker in Deutschland und anderen Ländern ist hoch und hängt mit dem Risiko für das Auftreten verschiedener Erkrankungen zusammen. Deshalb haben nationale Ernährungs- und Gesundheitsinstitutionen sowie auf globaler Ebene die WHO, Obergrenzen für die tägliche Aufnahme freier Zucker vorgeschlagen bzw. bereits festgelegt. Derzeit gibt es noch keinen allgemein akzeptierten Grenzwert für die tägliche Aufnahme, allerdings zeichnet sich ein klarer Trend ab, die Zuckeraufnahme auf maximal 10 Energieprozent zu begrenzen. Nachfolgend wird die Entwicklung der Diskussion hierzu in Europa sowie in den USA dargestellt.
Revisiting Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) for the Oxidation of Alcohols in Acetonitrile without Nitroxyl Radicals
Authors: Hirashita Tsunehisa , Sugihara Yuto , Ishikawa Shota , Naito Yohei , Matsukawa Yuta , Araki Shuki
Published: October 2018

Sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) is capable of oxidizing alcohols in acetonitrile at 20 °C without the use of catalysts. The oxidation is selective to allylic, benzylic, and secondary alcohols. ­Aliphatic primary alcohols are not oxidized.
Hafnium Triflate as a Highly Potent Catalyst for Regio- and Chemoselective­ Deprotection of Silyl Ethers
Authors: Gong Shan-Shan , Sun Qi , Zheng Xiu-An , Kong Rui , Huang Hua-Shan , Wei Jing-Ying , Chen Ji-Zong
Published: October 2018

As a Group IVB transition metal Lewis acid, hafnium triflate [Hf(OTf)4] exhibited exceptionally high potency in desilylations. Since the amounts of Hf(OTf)4 required for the deprotection of 1°, 2°, 3° alkyl and aryl tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) ethers are significantly different, ranging from 0.05 mol% to 3 mol%, regioselective deprotection of TBS could be easily implemented. Moreover, chemoselective cleavage of different silyl ethers or removal of TBS in the presence of most hydroxyl protecting groups was also accomplished. NMR analyses of silyl products from TBS deprotection indicated that Hf(OTf)4-catalyzed desilylation may proceed via different mechanisms, depending on the solvent used.
Base-Promoted Three-Component One-Pot Synthesis of 3- (Thiomethyl)indoles with Paraformaldehyde under Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Xiao Fuhong , Deng Guo-Jun , Yuan Shanshan , Huang Huawen
Published: October 2018

An ethylenediamine-promoted three-component synthesis of 3-(thiomethyl)indoles from indoles, thiophenols, and paraformaldehyde has been developed. Water is used as the green solvent in a simple and environmentally friendly procedure. Stable and low-toxicity paraformaldehyde is used as a carbon source.
Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Self-Coupling of α-Amino Carbonyl Compounds for the Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted 1,4-Enediones
Authors: Yi Bing , Xiang Jiannan , Yi Niannian , Xiong Yi , Huang Qingjun , Yan Ning , Xie Yanjun , Lan Donghui , Yi Ziqi , Au Chak-Tong
Published: October 2018

A protocol for the copper-catalyzed oxidative self-coupling of α-amino carbonyl compounds has been developed for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted 1,4-enediones (Z-isomers) in moderate to good yields through the cleavage of four sp3C–H bonds and the simultaneous formation of one C=C double bond in the α-amino carbonyl compound. The strategy has the advantages of using readily available starting ­materials and of high stereoselectivity.
Economic imaginaries of the Anti-biosis: between ‘economies of resistance’ and the ‘resistance of economies’
Authors: Brown Nik , Nettleton Sarah
Published: October 2018

This paper seeks to report on the way economic principles, formulae and discourse infiltrate biological research on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the life sciences. AMR, it can be argued, has become the basis for performing certain forms of ‘economic imaginary’. Economic imaginaries are ways of projecting and materially restructuring economic and political orders through motifs, metaphors, images and practices. The paper contributes to critical social science and humanities research on the socio-economic underpinning of biological discourse. The performance of economy in this context can be seen to follow two key trajectories. The first trajectory, discussed at length in this paper, might be described as ‘economies of resistance’. Here the language of market economics structures and frames microbiological explanations of bacterial resistance. This can be illustrated through, for example, biological theories of ‘genetic capitalism’ where capitalism itself is seen to furnish microbial life with modes of economic behaviour and conduct. ‘Economies of resistance’ are evidence of the naturalisation of socio-economic structures in expert understandings of AMR. The methodological basis of this paper lies in a historical genealogical investigation into the use of economic and market principles in contemporary microbiology. The paper reports on a corpus of published academic sources identified through the use of keywords, terms, expressions and metaphors linked to market economics. Search terms included, but were not limited to: ‘trade-off’, ‘investment’, ‘market/s’, ‘competition’, ‘cooperation’, ‘economy’, ‘capital/ism’ and ‘socialist/ism’, etc. ‘Economies of resistance’ complements a second distinct trajectory that can be seen to flow in the opposite direction from biology to economic politics (the ‘resistance of economies’). Here, economic imaginaries of microbial life are redeployed in large-scale debates about the nature of economic life, about the future of the welfare state, industrial strategy, and about the politics of migration and race. ‘Economies of resistance’ and the ‘resistance of economies’ are not unrelated but, instead, they are mutually constituting dynamics in the co-production of AMR. In attempting to better understand this co-production, the paper draws upon literatures on the biopolitics of immunity in political philosophy and Science and Technology Studies (STS).
Dust shedding from a dielectric surface in plasma as a result of charge fluctuations
Authors: Rosenfeld E. V. , Zakharov A. V.
Published: October 2018

If a body is in a plasma and/or is exposed to streams of charged particles with different signs, or is under UV electromagnetic radiation, etc., then the distribution of the different sign charges on the surface is random. As a result, the surface of the dielectric will be covered by microscopic “spots” with different signs and values of charges, continuously changing in shapes and sizes. A Coulomb force acting on a dust particle lying near the center of such a spot is proportional to the square of the local surface charge density. A stochastic differential equation describing the dynamics of an ensemble of these spots was derived and solved in the article. A solution was obtained also for the dependence of the average spot size, its lifetime, and the standard deviation of the charge density as a function of the plasma species fluxes incident on the surface. It is shown that for normal values of plasma parameters, the Coulomb force repelling a submicron dust particle from a charge spot of somewhat larger size can reach a few tenths of pN, which is comparable to the value of the adhesive van der Waals force that holds dust particles on the surface. The possibility of improving the cleaning efficiency with changes in surface treatment conditions is analyzed as well.