bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived coercion in inpatients with Anorexia nervosa: Associations with illness severity and hospital course
Authors: Schreyer Colleen C. , Coughlin Janelle W. , Makhzoumi Saniha H. , Redgrave Graham W. , Hansen Jennifer L. , Guarda Angela S.
Published: November 2015

Objective

The use of coercion in the treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) is controversial and the limited studies to date have focused on involuntary treatment. However, coercive pressure for treatment that does not include legal measures is common in voluntarily admitted patients with AN. Empirical data examining the effect of non‐legal forms of coerced care on hospital outcomes are needed.

Method

Participants (N = 202) with AN, Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), or subthreshold AN admitted to a hospital‐based behavioral specialty program completed questionnaires assessing illness severity and perceived coercion around the admissions process. Hospital course variables included inpatient length of stay, successful transition to a step‐down partial hospitalization program, and achievement of target weight prior to program discharge.

Results

Higher perceived coercion at admission was associated with increased drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction, but not with admission BMI. Perceived coercion was not related to inpatient length of stay, rate of weight gain, or achievement of target weight although it was predictive of premature drop‐out prior to transition to an integrated partial hospitalization program.

Discussion

These results, from an adequately powered sample, demonstrate that perceived coercion at admission to a hospital‐based behavioral treatment program was not associated with rate of inpatient weight gain or achieving weight restoration, suggesting that coercive pressure to enter treatment does not necessarily undermine formation of a therapeutic alliance or clinical progress. Future studies should examine perceived coercion and long‐term outcomes, patient views on coercive pressures, and the effect of different forms of leveraged treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:407–412).
The immunoproteasome controls the availability of the cardioprotective pattern recognition molecule Pentraxin3
Authors: Paeschke Anna , Possehl Anna , Klingel Karin , Voss Martin , Voss Karolin , Kespohl Meike , Sauter Martina , Overkleeft Hermen S. , Althof Nadine , Garlanda Cecilia , Voigt Antje
Published: November 2015

Cardiomyocyte death as a result of viral infection is an excellent model for dissecting the inflammatory stress response that occurs in heart tissue. We reported earlier that a specific proteasome isoform, the immunoproteasome, prevents exacerbation of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)‐induced myocardial destruction and preserves cell vitality in heart tissue inflammation. Following the aim to decipher molecular targets of immunoproteasome‐dependent proteolysis, we investigated the function and regulation of the soluble PRR Pentraxin3 (PTX3). We show that the ablation of PTX3 in mice aggravated CVB3‐triggered inflammatory injury of heart tissue, without having any significant effect on viral titers. Thus, there might be a role of PTX3 in preventing damage‐associated molecular pattern‐induced cell death. We found that the catalytic activity of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 regulates the timely availability of factors controlling PTX3 production. We report on immunoproteasome‐dependent alteration of ERK1/2 and p38MAPKs, which were both found to be involved in PTX3 expression control. Our finding of a cardioprotective function of immunoproteasome‐dependent PTX3 expression revealed a crucial mechanism of the stress‐induced damage response in myocardial inflammation. In addition to antigen presentation and cytokine production, proteolysis by the immunoproteasome can also regulate the innate immune response during viral infection.
Pentraxin‐3 is upregulated in the central nervous system during MS and EAE, but does not modulate experimental neurological disease
Authors: Ummenthum Kimberley , Peferoen Laura A. N. , Finardi Annamaria , Baker David , Pryce Gareth , Mantovani Alberto , Bsibsi Malika , Bottazzi Barbara , Peferoen‐Baert Regina , van der Valk Paul , Garlanda Cecilia , Kipp Markus , Furlan Roberto , van Noort Johannes M. , Amor Sandra
Published: November 2015

Pentraxin‐3 (PTX3), an acute‐phase protein released during inflammation, aids phagocytic clearance of pathogens and apoptotic cells, and plays diverse immunoregulatory roles in tissue injury. In neuroinflammatory diseases, like MS, resident microglia could become activated by endogenous agonists for Toll like receptors (TLRs). Previously we showed a strong TLR2‐mediated induction of PTX3 in cultured human microglia and macrophages by HspB5, which accumulates in glia during MS. Given the anti‐inflammatory effects of HspB5, we examined the contribution of PTX3 to these effects in MS and its animal model EAE. Our data indicate that TLR engagement effectively induces PTX3 expression in human microglia, and that such expression is readily detectable in MS lesions. Enhanced PTX3 expression is prominently expressed in microglia in preactive MS lesions, and in microglia/macrophages engaged in myelin phagocytosis in actively demyelinating lesions. Yet, we did not detect PTX3 in cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. PTX3 expression is also elevated in spinal cords during chronic relapsing EAE in Biozzi ABH mice, but the EAE severity and time course in PTX3‐deficient mice did not differ from WT mice. Moreover, systemic PTX3 administration did not alter the disease onset or severity. Our findings reveal local functions of PTX3 during neuroinflammation in facilitating myelin phagocytosis, but do not point to a role for PTX3 in controlling the development of autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Uranyl Complexes with (Meth)acrylate Anions
Authors: Klepov Vladislav V. , Serezhkina Larisa B. , Pushkin Denis V. , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Grigor'ev Mikhail S. , Sergeeva Olga A. , Shimin Nikita A. , Serezhkin Victor N.
Published: November 2015

Two isostructural series with general formulae [R(H2O)6][UO2(CH2CHCOO)3]2 (R = Mg, Co, or Ni) and [R(H2O)6][UO2{CH2C(CH3)COO}3]2·8H2O (R = Mg or Zn) have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The acrylate and methacrylate series of complexes crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system with the space groups P21/c and P21/n, respectively. The crystal structures of all the studied compounds have similar main structural units, specifically, octahedral aqua complexes [R(H2O)6]2+ and tris(carboxylato) complexes [UO2L3]– (L = acrylate or methacrylate anion). Despite this, there are significant structural differences between the two series that lead to the inclusion of outer‐sphere water molecules in the structures of the methacrylate series. The intermolecular interactions in the acrylate series were studied by the method of molecular Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra and compared with those in previously studied acetate compounds. The structures of the methacrylate series of complexes demonstrate an important role of π···π interactions in the molecular packing of the complexes.
Know the 4 O's of graduate enrollment management
Authors: Pavlik Amelia
Published: November 2015

Lost. Unsupported. Isolated. If these words might describe how graduate students at your institution feel, listen up — the State University of New York at Potsdam has a support model that might be just what you need.
Coalition Application aims to provide virtual tools for a more holistic student view
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2015

SAN DIEGO — In an overflowing session at the recent annual National Association for College Admission Counseling annual conference, presenters Audrey Smith, vice president of enrollment for Smith College; John Latting, assistant vice provost for undergraduate enrollment and dean of admission for Emory University; and Barbara Gill, associate vice president of enrollment management for the University of Maryland, unveiled plans, timelines and goals for the newly developed Coalition Application and then fielded questions from a vocal audience regarding concerns about the new application.
Effect of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed on antioxidant activity, phytocompounds, physicochemical characteristics, and sensory acceptability of enriched cookies and mango juice
Authors: Natukunda Sheilla , Muyonga John H. , Mukisa Ivan M.
Published: November 2015

Tamarind seeds are not consumed despite their high antioxidative activity. In this study, 0–10% tamarind seed powder (TSP) was incorporated into mango juice and cookies. Total phenolics (Folin–Ciocalteu assay), antioxidant activity (2,2‐diphenyl‐1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay), flavonoid (aluminum chloride assay), condensed tannins content (Vanillin‐HCl assay), and consumer acceptability (n = 50) of the products were determined. TSP increased the pH and viscosity and reduced titratable acidity of juice. Incorporation of TSP increased the: total phenolic content (6.84 ± 0.21 to 88.44 ± 0.8 mg GAE/100 mL); flavonoid (4.64 ± 0.03–21.7 ± 0.36 mg CE/100 mL); condensed tannins (0.24 ± 0.01–21.81 ± 0.08 mg CE/100 mL) and total antioxidant activity (4.65 ± 0.88–21.70 ± 0.03 mg VCE/100 mL) of juice. A similar trend was observed for cookies. Maximum sensorially acceptable TSP levels were 1.5% and 6%, respectively, for juice and cookies. TSP can thus be utilized as a source of natural antioxidants in food products.
Effect of environment and genotypes on the physicochemical quality of the grains of newly developed wheat inbred lines
Authors: Mutwali Noha I. A. , Mustafa Abdelmoniem I. , Gorafi Yasir S. A. , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A.
Published: November 2015

To meet the increased demand for wheat consumption, wheat cultivation in Sudan expanded southward to latitudes lower than 15°N, entering a new and warmer environment. Consequently, wheat breeders developed several wheat genotypes with high yields under these environmental conditions; however, the evaluation of the end‐use quality of these genotypes is scarce. In this study, we assessed the end‐use quality attributes of 20 wheat genotypes grown in three different environments in the Sudan (Wad Medani, Hudeiba, and Dongola). The results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) in all quality tests among environments, genotypes and genotypes Versus environments. The findings obtained, covered wide ranges of test weight (TW, 76.6–85.25 kg/hL), thousand kernel weight (TKW, 28.70–48.48 g), protein (PC, 9.96–14.06%), wet gluten (WG, 28.63–46.53%), gluten index (GI, 36.36–92.77%), water holding capacity (WHC, 168.42–219.32%), falling number (FN, 508.00–974.67 sec), and sedimentation value (SV, 19.00–40.00 mL). Analysis of the traits, genotypes, and traits versus genotypes showed varied correlations in the three growing environments. The genotype G3 grown in either one or all of the three environments exhibits worthy performance and stability for most of the tested quality traits. The crossing of this genotype with high yield genotypes could produce cultivars with sufficient quality and marketability.
Factors associated with the sensitivity of fine‐needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Chai Young Jun , Suh Hyunsuk , Yi Jin Wook , Yu Hyeong Won , Lee Joon‐Hyop , Kim Su‐jin , Won Jae‐Kyung , Lee Kyu Eun
Published: November 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with diagnostic accuracy of preoperative fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) for follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC).

Methods

The patients with FVPTC who underwent thyroidectomy were divided into 2 groups: “group A” (Bethesda category II, III, or IV) versus “group B” (category V or VI).

Results

A total of 225 patients (117 in group A and 108 in group B) were included. Group B was associated with older age, malignant ultrasonographic features, smaller tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, higher stage, and B‐type Raf (BRAF)V600E mutation compared with group A. In multivariable analysis, malignant ultrasonographic features and tumor size ≤3.0 cm were independent predictive factors for group B.

Conclusion

FVPTCs >3.0 cm are unlikely to be diagnosed as category V or VI. Clinicians should keep FVPTC in mind and consider diagnostic lobectomy for the nodules regardless of FNA or ultrasonographic findings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1467–E1471, 2016
The Role of Kv1.2 Channel in Electrotaxis Cell Migration
Authors: Zhang Gaofeng , Edmundson Mathew , Telezhkin Vsevolod , Gu Yu , Wei Xiaoqing , Kemp Paul J. , Song Bing
Published: November 2015

Voltage‐gated potassium Kv1.2 channels play pivotal role in maintaining of resting membrane potential and, consequently, regulation of cellular excitability of neurons. Endogenously generated electric field (EF) have been proven as an important regulator for cell migration and tissue repair. The mechanisms of ion channel involvement in EF‐induced cell responses are extensively studied but largely are poorly understood. In this study we generated three COS‐7 clones with different expression levels of Kv1.2 channel, and confirmed their functional variations with patch clamp analysis. Time‐lapse imaging analysis showed that EF‐induced cell migration response was Kv1.2 channel expression level depended. Inhibition of Kv1.2 channels with charybdotoxin (ChTX) constrained the sensitivity of COS‐7 cells to EF stimulation more than their motility. Immunocytochemistry and pull‐down analyses demonstrated association of Kv1.2 channels with actin‐binding protein cortactin and its re‐localization to the cathode‐facing membrane at EF stimulation, which confirms the mechanism of EF‐induced directional migration. This study displays that Kv1.2 channels represent an important physiological link in EF‐induced cell migration. The described mechanism suggests a potential application of EF which may improve therapeutic performance in curing injuries of neuronal and/or cardiac tissue repair, post operational therapy, and various degenerative syndromes. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1375–1384, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of percutaneous cholecystostomy and predictors of eventual cholecystectomy
Authors: Yeo Charleen Shan Wen , Tay Vivyan Wei Yen , Low Jee Keem , Woon Winston Wei Liang , Punamiya Sundeep J , Shelat Vishal G
Published: November 2015

Background

Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is an established treatment for high surgical risk patients with acute cholecystitis. This paper studies factors predictive of mortality and eventual cholecystectomy.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients who underwent PC from March 2005 to March 2015 was performed. Patient demographics, clinical features, comorbidity profile, grade of cholecystitis, interval between cholecystitis diagnosis and PC, and method of PC were studied. Length of stay, complications, readmission rate, mortality and eventual cholecystectomy were studied. For patients with eventual cholecystectomy, operative data and perioperative outcomes were studied.

Results

One hundred and three patients with median age of 80 years (range 43–105) underwent PC. Median interval to PC was 2 days (range 0–15). 9.7% of patients had complications. Median length of stay was 19 days (range 3–206). 41% underwent eventual cholecystectomy. 30‐day mortality rate was 10.7%. Higher APACHE II scores (P = 0.004), higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (P = 0.009), and longer interval from diagnosis to PC (P = 0.037) were associated with in‐hospital mortality. Younger age (P = 0.015), lower APACHE II scores (P = 0.043) and lower CCI (P = 0.002) were associated with eventual cholecystectomy.

Conclusion

Percutaneous cholecystostomy is safe and effective in treatment of acute cholecystitis. Prompt PC improves survival in high risk surgical patients. Comorbidity severity is associated with mortality. Patients with lesser comorbidity are likely to receive eventual cholecystectomy.
Pathological spectrum of bile duct lesions from chronic bile duct injury to invasive cholangiocarcinoma corresponding to bile duct imaging findings of occupational cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kinoshita Masahiko , Kubo Shoji , Nakanuma Yasuni , Sato Yasunori , Takemura Shigekazu , Tanaka Shogo , Hamano Genya , Ito Tokuji , Terajima Hiroaki , Yamada Terumasa , Nakamori Shoji , Arimoto Akira , Fujikawa Masahiro , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Yamamoto Takatsugu , Abue Makoto , Nakagawa Kei , Unno Michiaki , Mizuguchi Toru , Takenaka Kenji , Shirabe Ken , Shibata Toshihiko
Published: November 2015

Background

We aimed to identify the pathological characteristics of occupational cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods

We examined the location and distribution of the carcinomas: atypical epithelium including biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB); and chronic bile duct injuries in operative or autopsy liver specimens from 16 patients. We examined the detailed pathological findings and diagnostic imaging of three patients. Immunohistochemical analysis using primary antibodies against γH2AX and S100P was performed.

Results

BilIN and chronic bile duct injury were observed in 16 patients, and IPNB or invasive IPNB was observed in 11 patients. BilIN, IPNB, and/or chronic bile duct injury were observed in almost all the large bile ducts. Regional dilatation of the bile ducts without tumor‐induced obstruction revealed such pathological changes. Highly positive results for the γH2AX and S100P markers were noted in invasive carcinoma, BilIN, and IPNB, whereas positive results for γH2AX and negative results for S100P were noted in non‐neoplastic biliary epithelium.

Conclusions

The carcinogenic process of occupational cholangiocarcinoma comprised chronic bile duct injury and DNA damage in almost all the large bile ducts, along with induction of precancerous lesions and development of invasive carcinoma. Such pathological findings reflected radiological changes on diagnostic imaging.
Serological markers of hepatitis B and C in patients with HIV/AIDS and active tuberculosis
Authors: Araújo‐Mariz Carolline , Lopes Edmundo Pessoa , Ximenes Ricardo A.A. , Lacerda Heloísa R. , Miranda‐Filho Demócrito B. , Montarroyos Ulisses R. , Barreto Silvana , Salustiano Daniela Medeiros , Albuquerque Maria Fátima Pessoa Militão
Published: November 2015

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) are common in patients with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB). This is a cross‐sectional study with patients infected with HIV/AIDS and active TB in Recife, Brazil, aiming to verify the prevalence of markers for HBV: antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc); and HCV: antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) by chemiluminescence, and to identify the frequency of associated factors. Data were collected through questionnaires, and blood was drawn from patients for analysis. We used the chi‐square test and the Fisher exact test when necessary. We conducted a bivariate logistic regression analysis and the magnitude of the associations was expressed as odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95%. Among 166 patients studied with HIV/AIDS and active TB, anti‐HBc was positive in 61 patients [36.7%; 95%CI (29.4–44.6%)] and anti‐HCV in 11[6.6%; 95%CI (3.4–11.5%)]. In the logistic regression analysis, male sex, and age ≥40 years were independent factors associated with the occurrence of anti‐HBc. In conclusion, we verified a high frequency of HBV contact marker and a low frequency of HCV markers in patients with HIV/AIDS and TB in Recife. J. Med. Virol. 88:996–1002, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular cloning and expression of a GABA receptor subunit from the crayfish Procambarus clarkii
Authors: Jiménez‐Vázquez Eric N. , Díaz‐Velásquez Clara E. , Uribe R.M. , Arias Juan M. , García Ubaldo
Published: November 2015

Molecular cloning has introduced an unexpected, large diversity of neurotransmitter hetero‐ oligomeric receptors. Extensive research on the molecular structure of the γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR) has been of great significance for understanding how the nervous system works in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, only two examples of functional homo‐oligomeric GABA‐activated Cl− channels have been reported. In the vertebrate retina, the GABAρ1 subunit of various species forms homo‐oligomeric receptors; in invertebrates, a cDNA encoding a functional GABA‐activated Cl− channel has been isolated from a Drosophila melanogaster head cDNA library. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, these subunits function efficiently as a homo‐oligomeric complex. To investigate the structure–function of GABA channels from the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, we cloned a subunit and expressed it in human embryonic kidney cells. Electrophysiological recordings show that this subunit forms a homo‐oligomeric ionotropic GABAR that gates a bicuculline‐insensitive Cl− current. The order of potency of the agonists was GABA > trans‐4‐amino‐crotonic acid = cis‐4‐aminocrotonic acid > muscimol. These data support the notion that X‐organ sinus gland neurons express at least two GABA subunits responsible for the formation of hetero‐oligomeric and homo‐oligomeric receptors. In addition, by in situ hybridization studies we demonstrate that most X‐organ neurons from crayfish eyestalk express the isolated pcGABAAβ subunit. This study increases the knowledge of the genetics of the crayfish, furthers the understanding of this important neurotransmitter receptor family, and provides insight into the evolution of these genes among vertebrates and invertebrates. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization and application of a novel bioemulsifier in crude oil degradation by Acinetobacter beijerinckii ZRS
Authors: Zhao Yi‐He , Chen Li‐Yuan , Tian Zi‐Jing , Sun Yue , Liu Jin‐Biao , Huang Lei
Published: November 2015

Bioemulsifiers can be applicated in a variety of areas such as bioremediation and microbial‐enhanced oil recovery. The present study was aimed at bioemulsifier production, optimization, stability studies, and applications of the bioemulsifier produced by one of these strains, Acinetobacter beijerinckii ZRS. When Acinetobacter beijerinckii ZRS is cultured with hexadecane as a carbon source, it produces a novel extracellular emulsifying agent that does not cause remarkable reductions in surface tension. In order to enhance bioemulsifier production, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the culture medium. The bioemulsifier was subjected to thin‐layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel filtration chromatography, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which allowed for the identification of a novel polymeric bioemulsifier. The bioemulsifier retained its properties at a wide range of pH values, high temperatures and high salinities (up to 5% [w⁄v] Na+ and 24% Ca2+). To deduce the role of this bioemulsifier in a coastal zone oil spill, the propagation of oil‐degrading bacteria on oil‐coated grains of gravel immersed in seawater was investigated in beach‐simulating tanks. The bioemulsifier played a positive role in the degradation of these hydrocarbons and increasing the light crude oil degradation rate of the bacterial strain from 37.5 to 58.3% within 56 days. Therefore, this bioemulsifier shows strong potential to be used for bioremediation of oil pollution in marine environments.
Effect of surgical delay on bacterial colonization in proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Blonna Davide , Barbasetti di Prun Nicola , Bellato Enrico , Manino Laura , Rossi Roberto , Banche Giuliana , Allizond Valeria , Cuffini Anna Maria , Castoldi Filippo
Published: November 2015

Postoperative infection is a severe complication after proximal humeral fracture surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine if the surgical delay could modify the number and type of bacteria on the surgical site. A two stages study was set up. In the first stage the effect of delay was simulated in 20 patients affected by proximal humeral fracture treated conservatively. In a second stage, the effect of delay was measured in 20 patients that underwent surgery. In stage 1, three skin culture swabs were taken in correspondence of the deltopectoral approach, the day of the fracture (day 0), the day after (day 1), and five days after fracture (day 5). In stage 2, skin swab cultures were taken the day of trauma and immediately before surgery and cultured on various media suitable for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The number of bacteria increased over the course of the study, from day 0 to day 5, both considering the total number of colony‐forming units and individual species of pathogen bacteria. The second stage of the study confirmed these data. An increasing number of bacteria was observed in patients that underwent surgery later than 2 days from trauma. The delay of surgery increased bacterial colonization of the skin in the deltopectoral approach area including common pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase‐negative staphylococci and Propionibacterium acnes. This might justify the correlation between delay to surgery and risk of infection. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:942–948, 2016.
Anger and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in a Trauma‐Exposed Military Population: Differences by Trauma Context and Gender
Authors: Worthen Miranda , Rathod Sujit D. , Cohen Gregory , Sampson Laura , Ursano Robert , Gifford Robert , Fullerton Carol , Galea Sandro , Ahern Jennifer
Published: November 2015

Studies have found a stronger association between anger and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity in military populations than in nonmilitary populations. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this difference: Military populations are more prone to anger than nonmilitary populations, and traumas experienced on deployment create more anger than nondeployment traumas. To examine these hypotheses, we evaluated the association between anger and PTSD severity among never‐deployed military service members with nondeployment traumas (n = 226) and deployed service members with deployment traumas (n = 594) using linear regression. We further examined these associations stratified by gender. Bivariate associations between anger and PTSD severity were similar for nondeployment and deployment events; however, gender modified this association. For men, the association for deployment events was stronger than for nondeployment events (β = .18, r = .53 vs. β = .16, r = .37, respectively), whereas the reverse was true for women (deployment: β = .20, r = .42 vs. nondeployment: β = .25, r = .65). Among men, findings supported the hypothesis that deployment traumas produce stronger associations between PTSD and anger and are inconsistent with hypothesized population differences. In women, however, there was not a clear fit with either hypothesis.
Borderline Personality Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at Psychiatric Discharge Predict General Hospital Admission for Self‐Harm
Authors: Mellesdal Liv , Gjestad Rolf , Johnsen Erik , Jørgensen Hugo A. , Oedegaard Ketil J. , Kroken Rune A. , Mehlum Lars
Published: November 2015

We investigated whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was predictor of suicidal behavior even when adjusting for comorbid borderline personality disorder (BPD) and other salient risk factors. To study this, we randomly selected 308 patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital because of suicide risk. Baseline interviews were performed within the first days of the stay. Information concerning the number of self‐harm admissions to general hospitals over the subsequent 6 months was retrieved through linkage with the regional hospital registers. A censored regression analysis of hospital admissions for self‐harm indicated significant associations with both PTSD (β = .21, p < .001) and BPD (β = .27, p < .001). A structural model comprising two latent BPD factors, dysregulation and relationship problems, as well as PTSD and several other variables, demonstrated that PTSD was an important correlate of the number of self‐harm admissions to general hospitals (B = 1.52, p < .01). Dysregulation was associated directly with self‐harm (B = 0.28, p < .05), and also through PTSD. These results suggested that PTSD and related dysregulation problems could be important treatment targets for a reduction in the risk of severe self‐harm in high‐risk psychiatric patients.
The Feasibility of Using Large‐Scale Text Mining to Detect Adverse Childhood Experiences in a VA‐Treated Population
Authors: Hammond Kenric W. , Ben‐Ari Alon Y. , Laundry Ryan J. , Boyko Edward J. , Samore Matthew H.
Published: November 2015

Free text in electronic health records resists large‐scale analysis. Text records facts of interest not found in encoded data, and text mining enables their retrieval and quantification. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) clinical data repository affords an opportunity to apply text‐mining methodology to study clinical questions in large populations. To assess the feasibility of text mining, investigation of the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and recorded diagnoses was conducted among all VA‐treated Gulf war veterans, utilizing all progress notes recorded from 2000–2011. Text processing extracted ACE exposures recorded among 44.7 million clinical notes belonging to 243,973 veterans. The relationship of ACE exposure to adult illnesses was analyzed using logistic regression. Bias considerations were assessed. ACE score was strongly associated with suicide attempts and serious mental disorders (ORs = 1.84 to 1.97), and less so with behaviorally mediated and somatic conditions (ORs = 1.02 to 1.36) per unit. Bias adjustments did not remove persistent associations between ACE score and most illnesses. Text mining to detect ACE exposure in a large population was feasible. Analysis of the relationship between ACE score and adult health conditions yielded patterns of association consistent with prior research.
Small‐scale Geodiversity Regulates Functioning, Connectivity, and Productivity of Shrubby, Semi‐arid Rangelands
Authors: Stavi Ilan , Rachmilevitch Shimon , Yizhaq Hezi
Published: November 2015

Geodiversity has recently been attracting increasing attention as a measure of diversity for the physical components of natural environments. It has shown positive relations with biodiversity, as well as with several ecosystem services. Yet, so far, geodiversity studies have focused on relatively large spatial scales, ranging between hillslope, basin, and landform scales. It is proposed that either natural‐induced or anthropogenic‐induced, small‐scale (centimeter‐scale to few decimeter‐scale) geodiversity has a large impact on the hydrological connectivity and overall functioning of semi‐arid rangelands and other shrubby and woody drylands. It is further proposed that greater small‐scale geodiversity increases the on‐site retention of water and soil resources, decreasing the vulnerability of rangelands to prolonged droughts and climatic changes. Particularly, positive impact of moderate grazing intensity on rangelands functioning is demonstrated by the formation of livestock trampling routes, which transect hillslopes, increase ecosystem geodiversity, and modify the spatial redistribution of scarce water and soil resources at the patch scale. Numerical simulations of a mathematical model for vegetation patterns in water‐limited systems show that the trampling routes increase the survivability of vegetation patches under prolonged droughts. In practical terms, the concept of small‐scale geodiversity is relevant for the determination, monitoring, and assessment of land degradation, as well as for restoration projects of eroded lands and degraded ecosystems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Super‐resolution deep imaging with hollow Bessel beam STED microscopy
Authors: Yu Wentao , Ji Ziheng , Dong Dashan , Yang Xusan , Xiao Yunfeng , Gong Qihuang , Xi Peng , Shi Kebin
Published: November 2015

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy has become a powerful imaging and localized excitation method, breaking the diffraction barrier for improved spatial resolution in cellular imaging, lithography, etc. Because of specimen‐induced aberrations and scattering distortion, it is a great challenge for STED to maintain consistent lateral resolution deep inside specimens. Here we report on deep imaging STED microscopy using a Gaussian beam for excitation and a hollow Bessel beam for depletion (GB‐STED). The proposed scheme shows an improved imaging depth of up to about 155 μm in a solid agarose sample, 115 μm in polydimethylsiloxane, and 100 μm in a phantom of gray matter in brain tissue with consistent super resolution, while standard STED microscopy shows a significantly reduced lateral resolution at the same imaging depth. The results indicate the excellent imaging penetration capability of GB‐STED, paving the way for deep tissue super‐resolution imaging and three‐dimensional precise laser fabrication.

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Deferoxamine stimulates LDLR expression and LDL uptake in HepG2 cells
Authors: Guillemot Johann , Asselin Marie‐Claude , Susan‐Resiga Delia , Essalmani Rachid , Seidah Nabil G.
Published: November 2015

Scope

Iron overload contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and iron chelators are beneficial through their antioxidant properties. Hepatic iron loading increases cholesterol synthesis. Whether iron depletion could affect hepatic cholesterol metabolism is unknown.

Methods and results

We examined the effect of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) on mRNA expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and/or cholesterol uptake. Our results revealed that DFO increases LDL receptor (LDLR) mRNA levels in human hepatocyte‐derived cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 cells, and in K562 cells. In HepG2 cells, we observed that DFO increases (i) LDLR‐mRNA levels in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, (ii) LDLR‐protein levels; (iii) cell surface LDLR; and (iv) LDL uptake. In contrast, the mRNA levels of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase, sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins, and the mRNA/protein levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin‐kexin 9 were not modulated by DFO, suggesting that the LDLR regulation by DFO is not at the transcriptional or posttranslational levels. Since LDLR‐mRNA was stabilized by DFO, a posttranscriptional mechanism is suggested for the DFO‐mediated upregulation of LDLR.

Conclusion

DFO induced an increase in LDLR expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism resulting in an enhancement of LDL uptake in HepG2 cells, suggesting increased LDLR activity as one of the underlying causes of the hypocholesterolemic effect of iron reduction.
Endo180 at the cutting edge of bone cancer treatment and beyond
Authors: Sturge Justin
Published: November 2015

Skeletal bone is an attractive site for secondary tumour growth and is also home to spontaneous primary cancer. Treatment of bone metastasis is focused on limiting the vicious cycle of bone destruction with bisphosphonates or inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) with the fully human monoclonal antibody denosumab. The estimated 1 million deaths/year where bone metastasis is present, and the high healthcare costs required for its management, have ignited intensive research into the cellular and molecular pathology of osteolysis, involving interplay between tumour cells, bone‐forming osteoblasts and bone‐degrading osteoclasts. Compared to bone metastasis, knowledge about the pathology of primary bone cancers is limited. In recent work published in this journal, Engelholm et al provide a unique insight into how this poorly understood disease manifests and destroys bone. For the first time they have demonstrated that a mouse monoclonal antibody targeting the collagen receptor Endo180 (CD280, MRC2 uPARAP) can prevent osteolysis and bone destruction in a syngeneic model of advanced osteosarcoma. Their convincing findings make an important contribution towards Endo180‐based therapy being developed as an option for the treatment of bone cancer amongst other malignancies. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Early Integration of Palliative Care for Children with High‐Risk Cancer and Their Families
Authors: Kaye Erica C. , Friebert Sarah , Baker Justin N.
Published: November 2015

Despite increasing data to support pediatric palliative care (PPC) as an integral component of high‐quality care for children with life‐threatening conditions and their families, timely integration of PPC is offered inconsistently to children with high‐risk cancer. In this review, we summarize the growing body of literature in support of early integration of PPC for children with high‐risk cancer and their families, advocating that PPC principles and resources are imperative to holistic cancer‐directed care and rooted in evidence‐based medicine. Finally, we offer possible strategies for optimizing integration of PPC into holistic cancer care for children and families.
High‐performance thermoplastic elastomers/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: Mechanical behavior, rheology, and durability
Authors: Arrigo Rossella , Morici Elisabetta , Dintcheva Nadka Tzankova
Published: November 2015

Advanced polystyrene‐b‐polybutadiene‐b‐polystyrene (SBS) based nanocomposites containing bare carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNTs bearing hydroxyl functional groups (CNTs‐OH) have been formulated and fully characterized. In particular, the reinforcement effect of CNTs and CNTs‐OH on SBS was deeply investigated through mechanical and dynamical thermo‐mechanical analysis and the rheological response of SBS‐based nanocomposites was investigated and discussed. The mechanical properties of SBS/CNTs and even more of SBS/CNTs‐OH nanocomposites are substantially superior to those of neat SBS, due to the uniformly dispersed nanofillers throughout the polymeric matrix. The presence of ‐OH groups onto CNTs promotes the stress transfer from polymer to CNTs, strengthening the overall performance of the nanocomposite. Moreover, the durability of SBS‐based nanocomposites was monitored through mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and rheological analysis. SBS‐based nanocomposites showed a significant improved photo‐stability with respect to the neat matrix, due to the presence of CNTs that are able to stabilize efficiently SBS because of their acceptor‐like electron properties. The presence of ‐OH groups onto CNTs enhance the protection ability of CNTs due to the larger amount of surface defects, that improves their radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, CNTs‐OH can act as chain‐breaking electron donor, becoming responsible for radical termination during SBS degradation. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E381–E391, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Activity of the novel fungicide oxathiapiprolin against plant‐pathogenic oomycetes
Authors: Miao Jianqiang , Dong Xue , Lin Dong , Wang Qiushi , Liu Pengfei , Chen Furu , Du Yixin , Liu Xili
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Oxathiapiprolin was the first of the piperidinyl thiazole isoxazoline class of fungicides to be discovered and developed by DuPont in 2007. Although oxathiapiprolin has been reported to have high activity against plant‐pathogenic oomycetes, such as Peronospora belbahrii, Phytophthora nicotianae and Ph. capsici, little is known about its effectiveness against other plant‐pathogenic oomycetes and its protective and curative properties.

RESULTS

Oxathiapiprolin exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against all of the plant‐pathogenic oomycetes tested, with EC90 values ranging from 0.14 to 3.36 × 10−3 µg mL−1, except the Pythium species Py. aphanidermatum and Py. deliense. Furthermore, doses as low as 10 µg mL−1 were found to inhibit zoospore release and motility in Ph. capsici, while the mycelial development and sporangial production of Pseudoperonospora cubensis were restrained by an EC50 of 3.10 × 10−4 and 5.17 × 10−4 µg mL−1 respectively. It was also found that oxathiapiprolin exhibited both protective and curative activity against the development of Ph. capsici infection in pepper plants under greenhouse conditions and in field tests.

CONCLUSION

The present study demonstrated that the novel fungicide oxathiapiprolin exhibits strong inhibitory activity against a range of agriculturally important plant‐pathogenic oomycetes, including Phytophthora spp., Peronophythora litchii, Plasmopara viticola, Pe. parasitica, Ps. cubensis and Py. ultimum. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Large‐eddy simulation study of the dissipation of radiation fog
Authors: Bergot Thierry
Published: November 2015

Large‐eddy simulations (LES) of radiation fog were performed to study the dissipation phase of fog in detail. These LES were carried out with the Meso‐NH research model at a resolution of 4.5 m in the horizontal and 1 m in the vertical, over a domain of dimensions 4.5 × 1.5 km2.

The dissipation phase is characterized by a large scatter of the liquid water path and there is evidence that dry downdraughts at the top of the fog layer have a large impact on the liquid water content (LWC) variability inside the layer. These downdraughts promote an increase in solar radiation reaching the ground over small areas, leading to an increase of turbulence near the ground, through an increase of wind variance and an increase of the convective structure of the fog layer. However, downdraughts can also move strong LWC located at the top of the fog layer, transporting it to the ground. These coupled processes between the ground and the top of the fog layer can explain the spatial variability of fog during dissipation of the layer.

Sensitivity studies proved that small‐scale surface heterogeneities have no impact on the range of dissipation times, but do have an impact on the horizontal structure of fog at small scales. The wind intensity modifies the balance between warming of the surface and wind shear at the fog top, thus impacting the dissipation time of the fog, but it has little impact on the fog heterogeneity during the dissipation phase.
Gaining power and precision by using model–based weights in the analysis of late stage cancer trials with substantial treatment switching
Authors: Bowden Jack , Seaman Shaun , Huang Xin , White Ian R
Published: November 2015

In randomised controlled trials of treatments for late‐stage cancer, it is common for control arm patients to receive the experimental treatment around the point of disease progression. This treatment switching can dilute the estimated treatment effect on overall survival and impact the assessment of a treatment's benefit on health economic evaluations. The rank‐preserving structural failure time model of Robins and Tsiatis (Comm. Stat., 20:2609–2631) offers a potential solution to this problem and is typically implemented using the logrank test. However, in the presence of substantial switching, this test can have low power because the hazard ratio is not constant over time. Schoenfeld (Biometrika, 68:316–319) showed that when the hazard ratio is not constant, weighted versions of the logrank test become optimal. We present a weighted logrank test statistic for the late stage cancer trial context given the treatment switching pattern and working assumptions about the underlying hazard function in the population. Simulations suggest that the weighted approach can lead to large efficiency gains in either an intention‐to‐treat or a causal rank‐preserving structural failure time model analysis compared with the unweighted approach. Furthermore, violation of the working assumptions used in the derivation of the weights only affects the efficiency of the estimates and does not induce bias or inflate the type I error rate. The weighted logrank test statistic should therefore be considered for use as part of a careful secondary, exploratory analysis of trial data affected by substantial treatment switching. ©©2015 The Authors. Statistics inMedicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
2 × 2 Tables: a note on Campbell's recommendation
Authors: Busing F. M. T. A. , Weaver B. , Dubois S.
Published: November 2015

For 2 × 2 tables, Egon Pearson's N − 1 chi‐squared statistic is theoretically more sound than Karl Pearson's chi‐squared statistic, and provides more accurate p values. Moreover, Egon Pearson's N − 1 chi‐squared statistic is equal to the Mantel‐Haenszel chi‐squared statistic for a single 2 × 2 table, and as such, is often available in statistical software packages like SPSS, SAS, Stata, or R, which facilitates compliance with Ian Campbell's recommendations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understand best practices for records retention under FERPA
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2015

SAN DIEGO — When you manage your institution's records effectively, students and your office benefit. For best practices that comply with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, that means understanding both maintenance and destruction practices. In a session hosted at the annual National Association for College Admission Counseling conference, LeRoy Rooker, a senior fellow at the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers and former director of the United States Department of Education Family Policy Compliance Office, shared compliance requirements and best practices for postsecondary education records retention for higher education campuses and offices.
Open Repair of Primary Versus Recurrent Male Unilateral Inguinal Hernias: Perioperative Complications and 1‐Year Follow‐up
Authors: Köckerling F. , Koch A. , Lorenz R. , Reinpold W. , Hukauf M. , Schug‐Pass C.
Published: November 2015

Introduction

The recommendation in the European Hernia Society Guidelines for the treatment of recurrent inguinal hernias is to modify the technique in relation to the previous technique, and use a new plane of dissection for mesh implantation. However, the registry data show that even following previous open suture and mesh repair to treat a primary inguinal hernia, open suture and mesh repair can be used once again for a recurrent hernia. It is therefore important to know what the outcome of open repair of recurrent inguinal hernias is compared with open repair of primary inguinal hernias, while taking the previous operation into account.

Patients and methods

In the Herniamed Registry, a total of 17,594 patients with an open primary or recurrent unilateral inguinal hernia repair in men with a 1‐year follow‐up were prospectively documented between September 1, 2009 and August 31, 2013. Of these patients, 15,274 (86.8 %) had an open primary and 2320 (13.2 %) open recurrent repair. In the unadjusted and multivariable analyses, the dependent variables were intra‐ and postoperative complications, reoperations, recurrences, pain at rest, pain on exertion, and pain requiring treatment.

Results

Open recurrent repair compared with the open primary operation is a significant influence factor for higher intraoperative (p = 0.01) and postoperative (p = 0.05) complication rates, recurrence rate (p < 0.001), and pain rates (p < 0.001). With regard to repair of recurrent inguinal hernia, previous open mesh repair was associated with the least favorable outcome, and with the highest odds ratio, for all outcome criteria. Open recurrent repair following previous endoscopic operation presented the least risk for postoperative complications, complication‐related reoperations, and re‐recurrences. The pain rates identified on follow‐up after open recurrent repair were lower following previous open suture operation compared with following open and endoscopic mesh repair.

A significantly less favorable perioperative and 1‐year follow‐up outcome must be expected for open repair of recurrent inguinal hernia in comparison with open primary inguinal hernia repair. After open recurrent repair, the most favorable perioperative complication and recurrence rates were identified following previous endoscopic repair, and the lowest pain rates following previous open suture repair. Open recurrent repair following previous open mesh operation was associated with the highest risks for perioperative complications, re‐recurrences, and pain.