bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exclusive breastfeeding practice and type of illness among exclusive breastfeeding children less than 2 years of age: a study in a tertiary care hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Zannat Nur A. , Uddin M. Belal , Sharmin Laila S. , Khan M. Tariqul I. , Khan M. Masudul H.
Published: May 2022

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding can be defined as a practice whereby the infants receive only breast milk and not even water, other liquids, tea, herbal preparations, or food during the first six months of life, with the exception of vitamins, mineral supplements, or medicines. The aim of the study was to observe exclusive breastfeeding practice and type of illness among exclusively breastfed children under two years of age in Bangladesh.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the outpatient department of Rajshahi medical college hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the period from April 2017 to April 2018. The total number of children in this study was 312. Data was collected via standard questionnaire, mother interview, and anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, MUAC, and dietary history of both mother and children. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.Result: In this study, 87.18% (272) of respondents replied to the questionnaires, but 12.8% of respondents did not answer the required questions. From the total number of children, 35.12% completed their immunization, 63.17% had an ongoing immunization schedule. Only 1.71% of children did not receive any immunization. At the time of the study, 63.6% of respondents had positive feedback on the early initiation of breast milk within 1 hour. After 6 months of age, it was observed that 83.3% of respondents continued breastfeeding along with other food. 60.6% of respondents have completed at the proper time of weaning (6-7 months). 15.63% have early weaning food.Conclusions: Among exclusively breastfed babies, initiation within 24 hours was higher. Observing the type of illness, it was seen that most of the children had cough and cold and some had respiratory tract infections, diarrhoea, fever and other diseases.
Panorama de las relaciones fiscales entre niveles de gobierno de países de América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Radics Axel , Vázquez Francisco , Pérez Benítez Noel , Ruelas Ignacio
Published: May 2022

El Panorama de las Relaciones Fiscales entre Niveles de Gobierno en América Latina y el Caribe es una publicación conjunta del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). El Panorama busca ser la publicación de referencia para las finanzas públicas subnacionales en la región: analiza las tendencias recientes en las relaciones fiscales entre niveles de gobierno de los países de la región; el impacto del COVID en las finanzas públicas subnacionales; y presenta fichas monográficas que analizan en detalle las finanzas subnacionales en cada uno de los 26 países miembros del BID.
Variant anatomy of the sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
Authors: Gaivoronskii I. V. , Bykov P. M. , Gaivoronskaya M. G. , Sinenchenko G. I. , Goryacheva I. A. , Nichiporuk G. I. , Verdiev N. D.
Published: May 2022

Currently, the growing interest in the structure of the vascular stream of the colon is due to the rapid development of abdominal and colorectal surgery.

The aim of research was to study the variant anatomy of the sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric artery in men and women.

Material and methods. The study included findings of multi-slice spiral computed tomography; a total of 2300 computed tomograms of adults aged 25 to 75 years (913 men and 1387 women) were investigated. Variants of the architectonics of the inferior mesenteric artery were differentiated by the presence and nature of the origin of its sigmoid branches, for which standard axial images and a series of post-processing images were used.

Results. There have been identified sequential, stem and mixed types of branching of the inferior mesenteric artery. In the sequential type, the left colic and all sigmoid arteries separate from the inferior mesenteric artery; with a stem, two or more branches depart from the inferior mesenteric artery by a common vessel; in the mixed type, two left colic arteries sequentially depart from the inferior mesenteric artery. It has been proven that in both sexes the predominant type of branching of the inferior mesenteric artery is the stem: in men it is noted in 62% of cases, in women – in 63%, the mixed type of branching of the inferior mesenteric artery is the rarest, noted only in 2.4% of cases.

Conclusion. The obtained information is of practical significance in abdominal, vascular, X-ray endovascular surgery, transplantology, coloproctology, and radiation diagnostics.
Histamine-containing lung cell structures in certain forms of secondary tuberculosis
Authors: Gimaldinova N. E. , Lyubovtseva L. A.
Published: May 2022

The aim of research was to study the distribution of histamine in macrophages and mast cells of the lung structures in autopsy material in certain forms of secondary tuberculosis.

Material and methods. The authors examined 165 cases of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis. The study included 500 histological specimens of male patients, aged 30 to 55 years, divided into 5 groups depending on the forms of secondary tuberculosis., The luminescent-histochemical method of Cross was used to determine the content of histamine in the lung structures; the specimens were further exposed to re-staining with hematoxylin and eosin.

Results. Histamine-containing specific alveolar and interstitial macrophages and mast cells were detected when studying autopsy material from the lungs of "nominally healthy" people. The highest content of histamine in the lung structures of this group was recorded in interstitial macrophages. In acute focal tuberculosis, there was an increased content of histamine in intra-alveolar and interstitial macrophages, with a simultaneous decrease of this bioamine in mast cells. In fibro-focal tuberculosis, the content of histamine exceeded the control parameters in all the studied cellular lung structures, with the highest content in mast cells. In infiltrative tuberculosis, there was detected an infiltrative luminescent track from lymphocytes together with the maximum luminescence of histamine. In acute cavernous and fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis, total degranulation of mast cells was observed. The content of the studied bioamine significantly decreased in interstitial macrophages compared to the control group.

Conclusion. The study of small forms of secondary tuberculosis detected an increased concentration of histamine in intra-alveolar and interstitial macrophages. Its maximum accumulation in all cellular structures was registered in the infiltrative form of tuberculosis. In destructive forms of tuberculosis, histamine was detected only in macrophages, which appeared to be the regulatory link of specific inflammation. The literature data and the results obtained allow us to report on the influence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a corpuscular antigen that causes destruction of structures that produce and metabolize neuroamines in the lungs.
Macro-microscopic anatomy of the lymphoid nodules of the urinary organs in people of different age
Authors: Klochkova S. V. , Devonaev O. T. , Alexeeva N. T. , Nikityuk D. B.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the investigation was to study the quantitative morphometric characteristics of the lymphoid follicles in the walls of the urinary tract using the method of macro-microscopy.

Material and methods. The topography, number and size of lymphoid nodules in the walls of the ureters, bladder and urethra obtained from the corpses of 142 people of different ages were studied by macro-microscopy using a binocular stereomicroscope MBS-9 after elective staining with Harris's hematoxylin. The material was taken from persons whose death was due to injuries and asphyxia, and autopsy showed no signs of pathology of the urinary organs. For statistical data processing, parametric statistics methods based on the Statistica 6.0 program were used. Statistical data processing included the calculation of arithmetic mean indicators, their errors, analysis of the amplitude of the variation series of each indicator.

Results. Lymphoid nodules are permanent structures in the walls of the ureters, bladder, and urethra. The number of lymphoid structures is maximum in the 1st period of childhood. In subsequent age periods, regardless of organ affiliation, the number of lymphoid nodules decreases with age, reaching a minimum in old age. In the 1st period of childhood, the maximum values are also reached by the size indicators of lymphoid nodules, increasing in the walls of the right ureter by 5.06 times, the left ureter – by 5.22 times, the bladder – by 4.60 times, the male urethra – by 4.60 times, female urethra – 4.65 times compared with the neonatal period (p<0.05). In the future, a decrease in size is observed, which is most pronounced in old age in the walls of the female urethra. Regional (organ) differences are in a smaller number of lymphoid nodules and their size in the walls of the ureters and the maximum value of these parameters in the walls of the urethra.
Morphofunctional equivalent of skin changes in the age aspect and under the influence of exogenous factors
Authors: Kvaratskheliya A. G. , Soboleva M. Yu. , Alexeeva N. T. , Babkina V. S. , Sviridova V. V. , Semynin K. E.
Published: May 2022

The issues of studying the mechanisms of skin aging continue to be relevant, due to the intensive development of cosmetology and various methods for restoring physiological parameters after destructive violations of the integrity of the skin. Skin aging due to internal and external factors can significantly change the structure and function of the epidermis and dermis, and may be associated with a large number of complications in various dermatological conditions, in that senescent dermal fibroblasts modify the tissue microenvironment through changes in their cellular factors and extracellular matrix. The paper presents data on the normal structure of the skin, the features of its vascularization, a review of the literature on the influence of various factors of the external and internal environment on the structure of the skin, taking into account age-related features, summarizes the structural changes in the skin in the age aspect, the main molecular mechanisms that explain these changes. Numerous studies confirm that skin aging is caused by a complex effect of various factors that are associated both with a change in the physiological mechanisms of regulation of the processes of the intracellular and extracellular matrix, and with the influence of environmental conditions.
Features of CD38 enzyme distribution in tryptase-positive mast cells: cytophysiological and histotopographic aspects
Authors: Atyakshin D. A. , Kostin A. A. , Shishkina V. V. , Buchwalow I. B. , Tiemann M.
Published: May 2022

Biological significance of the CD38 molecule goes beyond its metabolic, enzymatic, and proliferative functions. Possessing the functions of both an exoenzyme and a receptor, CD38 is actively involved in the mechanisms of adhesion, migration, intercellular signaling, formation of immune synapses, and modulation of a wide range of immune and non-immune cells. However, the detection of CD38 in mast cells (MC) on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded organ sections has not been previously performed.

The aim of the study was to evaluate immunohistochemically cytological and histotopographic features of CD38 distribution in MC of the skin, breast, palatine tonsils and bone marrow.

Materials and methods. In accordance with the design of the experiment, the authors studied biomaterial of organs from patients with neurotrophic skin ulcers, tonsillitis, mastocytosis, breast cancer, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. CD38 was detected immunohistochemically; multiplex staining technology was used to study cytotopographic patterns of the enzymes distribution in MC and to identify the features of their histotopography.

Results. The possibility of immunohistochemical detection of CD38 in MC on histological sections of various organs was shown for the first time. CD38 expression was detected in a smaller part of the MC population and was characterized by wide variability from mild to pronounced levels. The content of CD38 in MC had organspecific features and also depended on the development of pathological processes in a specific tissue microenvironment.

Conclusion. Multiplex immunohistochemistry technologies allow detecting CD38 expression in mast cells and studying interaction of mast cells with other CD38+-targets in tissues, developing novel ideas about the mechanisms of realization of the preformed secretome component effects in normal and pathological conditions.
George Hoyt Whipple – a Nobel Prize winner, founder of the study on intestinal lipodystrophy and pernicious anemia: pages of life and work
Authors: Mnikhovich M. V. , Nasedkina E. A. , Romanov A. V.
Published: May 2022

The article focuses on the milestones of George Hoyt Whipple, who was a Nobel Prize Winner, pathologist, one of the major researchers of anemia, pigment metabolism, liver and pancreatic lesions, tuberculosis, parasitic diseases. He contributed significantly to biology and medicine. The authors briefly outline a biography of a well-known scientist, his significant contribution to the development of various branches of science, his landmark studies related to the role of the liver in the treatment of pernicious anemia. Modern aspects of the etio-pathogenesis of Whipple's disease are discussed.
Artistic and publicistic component of modern military diaries (on the example of G. Kharchenko’s diary «An Artilleryman’s Diary»)
Authors: Kovalenko Alla
Published: May 2022

In the process of survey writing, the main stages of creation and narrative features of the diary were investigated. It has been established that communicative guidelines and authorial conceptuality had influenced the poetics and typology of the diary.
Despite the fact that some scholars recognize texts of this type as «works of art» and the analyzed work does not have a traditional diary composition, we classify this text as a diary-fixation of events, where the author is a combatant, eyewitness and participant in events, in some detail (in facts, documents, evidence) reflects the realities of war. At the same time, it is a socio-political diary, deliberately written by the author for publication. Focusing on a wide readership, publishing parts of the diary on social networks and online publications in the absence of objective information about the war led to the format of the presentation, genre features, influenced the chronology, lack of confession and privacy in the text, intimate moments and more. In addition, the diary clearly demonstrates the decline in the era of postmodern metanarrative (J.-F. Lyotard), in particular in the literature of non-fiction.
The peculiarities of manifestation in the diary of artistic and publicistic origin are revealed and analyzed, among which there are the propaganda components, historical appeal, archetypes of Cossacks, critical attitude of reflection of the realities of war, usage of the spectrum of journalistic genres (article, obituary, portrait essay, etc.), essay type, presentation of humor and sarcasm, image system, etc. The text raises pressing social issues caused by the war: the development of the Ukrainian army, lack of national consciousness, etc., intensified social dialogue, the formation of public opinion, and self-determination of every Ukrainian. The artistic principle is implemented in the elements of lyricization, the aesthetical value of the diary (reflection of several emotions), compositional features (exposure, development of action, culmination, etc.), the system of images, and more. In general, artistic and publicistic components are harmoniously synthesized with the documentary component of the text.
Changes in ethnic stereotypes in the context of social mythology
Authors: Tkhorzhevskа Tetjana
Published: May 2022

This article is dedicated to the topic of transformation of ethnic stereotypes (view of themself as an ethnic representative, view of others as ethnic representatives) as an example of identity forming. The creation of stereotypes, including ethnic ones, is one of the manifestations of a mythological worldview. Stereotype consists out of the stale core and ever-changing views. Researching those «stale cores» and «ever-changing views» as a part of the structure of views about themself and others gives a possibility to construct an example of a way of identity forming. Following this, the goal of this article is to research «ever-changing views» in ethnic stereotypes during the 2006-2017 years. Such analysis became possible due to comparing two quizzes, taken among the students of Odesa city. The first quiz has taken place during the 2006–2007 years, the second one — during 2016-2017. Both of them consist of the same methods — method of projective drawing, method of open questions, method of ranking of ethnic groups (Bogardus’ scale), method of associations. The most important conclusion of this research is that the result of the second quiz, in comparison to the first, shows the increased quantity of students who view themselves as Ukrainian; change in the general view of Ukrainian towards wholesomeness and positivity; decreased «ethnographic» factor in the view of Ukrainian (decrease in the culturally-mundane symbols in the drawings); parallelly increased «ethnographic» factor in the view of Russian (increase in the culturally-mundane symbols in the drawings).
Alongside that is necessary to admit the preservation of a relatively large quantity of archaic qualities in the modern Ukrainian urban culture which saves a lot of traditional features, which can be seen in the preservation of the view of roms («gips») as «scary foreigners».
Also can be stated that the place of the high-status group, which was claimed by the Russian (according to the 2006–2007 years quiz), in the 2016–2017 years quiz gotten claimed by American, which shows the increase in the feeling of threat from Russia and consecutive decrease in the feeling of threat from America.
Efeito citotóxico e genotóxico de Sedum praealtum A. DC. – crassulaceae
Authors: Brol Alexandre , Grotto Anelise Gabriela , Zaions Maria Ignez Machioro , Bagatini Katiane Paula
Published: May 2022

As plantas medicinais são amplamente utilizadas no Brasil, entre elas destaca-se Sedum praealtum A. DC. (bálsamo), Crassulaceae, empregada para problemas inflamatórios e gastrointestinais. Porém, para a maioria destas plantas não existem informações científicas, especialmente quanto ao potencial toxicológico. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito citotóxico e genotóxico da referida espécie, utilizando como organismo-teste a Lactuca sativa L. (alface), Asteraceae. Foram confeccionados extratos aquosos das folhas e do caule do bálsamo nas concentrações de 5%, 10%, 20% e 40% p v-¹ e o controle apenas com água destilada. Foi realizado o teste de germinação com as sementes de alface em caixa Gerbox® com substrato de papel Germitest® umedecidas com cada tratamento, acondicionadas em câmara BOD à temperatura de 25ºC com regime de luz de 12 horas. A avaliação da germinação ocorreu no quarto e no sétimo dia após a semeadura. A coleta das radículas foi realizada diariamente, até o sétimo dia, para a determinação do índice mitótico e a observação de aberrações cromossômicas. Para a confecção das lâminas foi empregada a técnica de esmagamento, com coloração de Giemsa a 2%. As células foram observadas em microscópio óptico, no qual analisou-se 5.000 células para cada tratamento. Através do teste de germinação verificou-se que os extratos aquosos das folhas e do caule de bálsamo não interferem no índice de germinação nem no IVG, demonstrando a ausência de efeito alelopático. Quanto ao índice mitótico não ocorreram alterações com os extratos provenientes das folhas, enquanto que com o extrato proveniente do caule na concentração de 10% ocorreu redução do índice mitótico, diferindo-o também entre os blocos, caule e folhas. Ocorreram pontes anafásicas no extrato proveniente do caule na concentração 20% e perda de cromossomos inteiros no extrato de caule na concentração de 40%. Os extratos das folhas e caules de Sedum praealtum não apresentam efeito alelopático, mas apresentam efeitos antiproliferativos e genotóxico.
Judicial Corruption and Gender
Authors: Herbert Sian
Published: May 2022

This rapid literature review explores how judicial corruption affects women and men, and lessons from policy responses to tackle it. As there is very limited literature that directly addresses these questions, this query also draws on evidence about gender and corruption (more broadly), and gender and political corruption. This paper is not comprehensive of all of the issues related to this question, but is illustrative of the most commonly discussed issues.
Lessons Learned from Humanitarian Interventions in Ukraine (2014-2021)
Authors: Strachan Anna
Published: May 2022

Eastern Ukraine has been affected by conflict since 2014, resulting in large numbers of people requiring humanitarian assistance. Throughout the different phases of the conflict, numerous lessons have been learned by humanitarian actors. This report outlines lessons learned in three categories, protect (protecting civilians, humanitarian access and civil-military coordination), prioritise (prioritising effective humanitarian assistance to people in greatest need), and prevent (preventing and anticipating future shocks and rebuilding resilience in protracted and recurring crises). There is a limited body of literature on lessons learned from humanitarian interventions in the Ukraine. Evaluations provide some evidence on best practices and areas for improvement, but these are limited in number. While these evaluations often provide lessons learned and recommendations for specific organisations, many of these are applicable for other international humanitarian actors operating in Ukraine. While Ukraine has a well-established social protection system, there is limited evidence on the use of existing social protection mechanisms to channel assistance. The existing literature on humanitarian interventions in Ukraine between 2014 and 2021 discusses persons with disabilities and the elderly from the perspective of inclusion in programming. There are also numerous gender analysis reports of conflict-affected areas, and gender is addressed in the context of gender mainstreaming in humanitarian interventions within programme evaluations.
DEBATES SOBRE A MIGRAÇÃO E DIREITO À SAÚDE À LUZ DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Reckziegel Janaína , Wenczenovicz Thaís Janaina
Published: May 2022

Este artigo tem como tema a questão do direito à saúde dos imigrantes. Seu objetivo é debater os novos desafios trazidos pela imigração destes sujeitos no que se relaciona ao acesso, a qualidade, os novos paradigmas criados em relação à política de saúde e a influência da pandemia do COVID-19 neste processo. A metodologia adotada é a qualitativa, com pesquisa bibliográfica e legislativa. Como resultado, percebe-se que há dificuldades de prestações adequadas à saúde da população e que a imigração trouxe novos sujeitos e novos desafios a uma política que apesar de diversos avanços caminha com dificuldades. Verificam-se algumas dificuldades relacionadas ao acesso à saúde por parte dos imigrantes, como a questão da língua, e os preconceitos da população local. Percebe-se também que estes sujeitos estão em situação frágil, pois costumam ocupar moradias e trabalhos insalubres, que podem ocasionar adoecimento. A situação dos mesmos ainda vem se agravando devido a pandemia do COVID-19, pois se já haviam dificuldades, estas cresceram ainda mais. Conclui-se que é necessário o estabelecimento de políticas de saúde que levem em consideração as especificidades dos imigrantes e que garantam o exercício deste direito no Brasil.
ROYALTIES DO PETRÓLEO E O ICMS
Authors: Albuquerque Marconi Costa , Feitosa Raymundo Juliano do Rego
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho finca suas âncoras na relação que a matéria tributária mantém com a questão da distribuição dos royalties da produção offshore de petróleo no Brasil e traz como problema o questionamento de como o contexto tributário, em geral, e a sistemática do ICMS, em especial, corroboram na montagem da perspectiva do modelo de distribuição dos royalties de petróleo marítimo entre os entes federativos subnacionais. Na seara dos objetivos específicos, busca-se (1) perquirir a questão dos royalties do petróleo e o papel do ICMS, na senda do obter dictum do Ministro Nelson Jobim, trazido à baila no Mandado de Segurança nº 24.312 do Supremo Tribunal Federal, a partir dos debates levados a efeito por ocasião da Constituinte de 1988 e, bem assim, (2) os seus reflexos na jurisprudência da Excelsa Corte Constitucional brasileira, completando-se com (3) a análise da compreensão do artigo 20, §1º, da Constituição Federal, que configura a principal base da disputa da distribuição dos royalties de petróleo marítimo, sob o foco do obter dictum do Ministro Sepúlveda Pertence, no Recurso Extraordinário 228.800 do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A discussão do tema não se prende a uma mera análise teórica e retórica, mas tem propósitos práticos, tendo em vista a importância jurídica, econômica e social que a partilha dos resultados econômicos, em especial a parcela correspondente aos royalties acarreta, constituindo um problema de caráter federativo.
O HAITI NÃO É AQUI
Authors: Sparemberger Raquel , Figueiredo Guilherme Augusto
Published: May 2022

O Racismo é uma das violências mais antigas impostas pela humanidade sobre sua própria espécie, que nas Américas, graças ao sequestro brutal, exploração e imposição de trabalhos forçados sobre diversos povos melodérmicos oriundos do continente africano, ganhou contornos ainda mais brutais, sob a égide de justificativas forjadas no bojo das ciências naturais e sociais. Esse trabalho buscou apontar como essa violência se renovou e se perpetuou através dos tempos e das instituições, em especial no Brasil, e correlacionando com a denúncia exaustiva do aparato sistêmico do Racismo pela genialidade artística e musical de expoentes melodérmicos. A metodologia privilegiou a abordagem hipotética-dedutiva e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.
UMA VISÃO GERAL DA LEI AUTORAL ALEMÃ
Authors: Zanini Leonardo Estevam de Assis
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo tem como principal objetivo apresentar um estudo panorâmico da legislação autoral alemã. Trata-se de pesquisa que utiliza metodologia descritiva e dedutiva, baseada fundamentalmente em revisão bibliográfica e na investigação da legislação e da jurisprudência. Especial destaque foi dado à adoção da teoria monista, que sempre chamou a atenção dos juristas brasileiros, e que orientou a tomada de decisões do legislador alemão. Destaca-se que os alemães consideram o direito de autor como um direito unitário, não obstante reconhecerem a existência de dois componentes inseparáveis, isto é, os direitos patrimoniais e os direitos da personalidade do autor. O texto também investiga os conceitos de autor e de obra, o início e o fim da proteção dos direitos autorais, as formas de exploração da obra, bem como as violações de direitos autorais na Internet. Os resultados alcançados permitiram a compreensão da estrutura de proteção do autor na Alemanha. Por fim, o estudo panorâmico da matéria busca instigar o leitor a melhor compreender o papel socioeconômico do direito autoral e a procurar soluções no direito alemão para problemas existentes no Brasil.
ENFRENTAR A CRISE CLIMÁTICA COM MAIS BEM-ESTAR
Authors: Cervi Jacson Roberto , Schmidt João Pedro
Published: May 2022

A busca do bem-estar move, desde sempre, os processos de desenvolvimento, os quais conduziram ao incremento notável das comodidades humanas, mas, por outra parte, a uma degradação inédita do ambiente natural. A face mais dramática da degradação é a crise climática, um fenômeno que não pode mais ser considerado um risco do futuro: é uma ameaça do presente. Apesar disso, as respostas práticas têm sido incipientes, por falta de freios sistêmicos. O problema de fundo da crise climática reside nas formas vigentes de suprir as demandas do bem-estar humano e sua solução depende da adoção de modelos compatíveis com a sustentabilidade ambiental. Este texto apresenta argumentos comunitaristas e do decrescimento que atestam ser possível a complementaridade entre bem-estar humano e preservação da natureza. A linha conclusiva é que os argumentos comunitaristas e decrescentistas sobre a compatibilidade entre preservação ambiental e bem-estar humano se sustentam em face dos achados das pesquisas científicas sobre a relação entre a condição econômica e o bem-estar. A técnica de pesquisa é bibliográfica e documental.
L’Autre malfaisant dans la prose d’Anne Hébert
Authors: Paterson Janet M.
Published: May 2022

De la gitane, Amica, qui séduit François, dans Le torrent, au danseur noir Jean-Ephrem de la Tour, dans Un habit de lumière, en passant par le docteur Nelson qui bouleverse la vie d’Élisabeth d’Aulnières dans Kamouraska et Stevens Brown accusé de meurtre dans Les fous de bassan, l’Autre est une figure qui hante l’œuvre entière d’Anne Hébert. Aussi l’objectif de cet article est-il dans un premier temps de repérer les diverses manifestions de l’altérité afin d’en dégager les formes récurrentes. Ensuite, la signification de la figure omniprésente de l’Autre retiendra notre attention. Le personnage Autre, sous la plume d’une auteure québécoise, met-il au jour les désirs cachés, inavoués d’un individu ou d’une société? Quel est au fond sa puissance symbolique et sa fonction de révélation?
Fluctuating nanofluid environments induce prebiotic RNA formation in water, which in turn catalyzes polyaromatic semiconductor deposition
Authors: de Herrera A. Greiner , Markert T. , Trixler F.
Published: May 2022

Water plays an ambivalent role in basic and applied sciences: its beneficial non-toxicity and ubiquity are opposed by severe problems for physicochemical processes that are important in research and technology. In the research on the emergence of life, the so-called “water paradox” is one of the long-standing problems. It states that although water is essential to life, key chemical reactions such as the synthesis of RNA are inhibited by it. Current strategies to circumvent this paradox have low prebiotic plausibility when considering the conservative nature of evolution. Here, we report a solution to overcome the paradox in line with evolutionary conservatism. We achieved spontaneous non-enzymatic RNA formation in aqueous environments by harnessing fluctuating nanofluid conditions that alter critical properties of water. These conditions are generated in aqueous particle suspensions of varied composition – a geochemically ubiquitous and thus prebiotic highly plausible environment. We give experimental evidence for synergy between biomolecular assembly and nanofluid effects between suspended particles and demonstrate that this type of abiotic environment allows prebiotic condensation reactions towards RNA synthesis in water under stable, moderate conditions. This is consistent with the principle that evolution builds on existing pathways, as macromolecules in living cells also work with temporal nanofluid water to run biopolymerization. Beyond their high significance for prebiotic chemistry, our findings also open up a pathway to sustainable chemistry approaches in materials science and nanotechnology. We demonstrate this by biomolecular-induced catalysis of monolayer deposition from water-insoluble organic semiconductors under aqueous nanofluid conditions.
Screening of Nephropathy in Pregnant Diabetic Women
Authors: afifi ahmed nagy , Abdelsalam Hend
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common medical complication of pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents approximately 90% of these cases and affects 2–5% of all pregnancies, while pre-existing diabetes mellitus complicates 0.2% to 0.3% of pregnancies.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Microalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy in pregnant diabetic women.Patients and Methods: the study is an observational cross-sectional study carried out at Al Zahraa University Hospital in the inpatient department of OB/GYN. One hundred pregnant women were enrolled in the study. All of them had diabetes mellitus (pre-or gestational DM) at any gestational age.Results: We found in our study that the prevalence of Microalbuminuria (incipient nephropathy) was 26 % and Macroalbuminuria (overt nephropathy) was 2 % among 100 diabetic pregnant women.Conclusion: This study concluded a high prevalence of Microalbuminuria in pregnant diabetic women. So, early screening and the active management of modifiable risk factors, particularly hyperglycemia, hypertension, and weight reduction was needed to reduce the burden of future end-stage renal disease.
Prediction of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Shama Anika , Hossain Md. Bipul , Adhikary Apurba , Uddin K. M. Aslam , Hossain Mohammad Amzad
Published: May 2022

The thyroid gland is the key organs in the human body, secreting two hormones that help to regulate the human body's metabolism. Thyroid disease is a severe medical complaint that could developed by high TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) levels or an infection in the thyroid tissues. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are two important conditions caused by insufficient thyroid hormone production and excessive thyroid hormone production, respectively. Machine learning model can utilize for precise processing of the data that is generated from different the medical sector and could be used for building a model for the prediction of several diseases. In this study, we used a variety of machine learning algorithm to predict hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Moreover, we identified the most significant features, which can be used to detect thyroid diseases more precisely. After completing the preprocessing and feature selection steps, we applied our modified and original data to several classification models to predict thyroidism. Finally, we found Random Forest is giving the maximum score in all sectors like accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score in our dataset and Naive Bayes is performing very poorly. By analyzing the characteristics and behavior of the dataset, we can identify the most important features of the datasets. In terms of accuracy and other performance evaluation criteria, this study could advocate the use of effective classifiers and features backed by machine learning algorithms for the detection and diagnosis of thyroid disease.
Two constructed wetlands within a Mediterranean natural park immersed in an agrolandscape reduce most heavy metal water concentrations and dampen the majority of pesticide presence
Authors: Rodrigo Maria A. , Puche Eric , Carabal Nuria , Armenta Sergio , Esteve-Turrillas Francesc A. , Jiménez Javier , Juan Fernando
Published: May 2022

The water concentrations of 12 heavy and other metals/metalloids were analysed seasonally along two horizontal-flow constructed wetlands -CWs- (Tancat Mília -TM- and Tancat l’Illa -TLI) located within the Mediterranean Albufera de València Natural Park during 2020-2021. A wide-scope screening of pesticides present in waters was also performed. The two CWs were created to improve water quality and increase biodiversity. They currently receive effluent waters from two different tertiary-treatment wastewater plants, and the water flows along the CWs before being discharged into the main lagoon and a smaller lagoon in TM and TLI, respectively. TLI manages to reduce (Mn) or maintain the concentration of most of the studied elements (Zn, Ni, Hg, Cr, Fe Cd, Cu) at the same level as outside (67%). Only Al, Pb, B and As remain at a higher concentration. TM also reduces Zn and Cu and keeps the concentration of Cr, Cd and Hg (representing 42%). Al, Pb, B and As remain at higher concentrations, as in TLI, but Ni, Fe and Mn are also at higher concentrations. Although both CWs vary in their ability to remove elements, no risks to human health or the environment have been detected due to the low metal concentration in their outlets, all of them (except Hg) below the legal limits for environmental quality in the European Union. With the detection of 71 compounds in water in each CW area (26 herbicides, 26 insecticides and 19 fungicides in TLI, and 29 herbicides, 23 insecticides and 19 fungicides in TM), we also provide evidence of the impact of pesticides, which depends on the application method (helicopter, tractor), originated from areas with high agricultural pressure (chiefly rice crops) on systems (mainly TM) created to preserve biodiversity. Nevertheless, both systems provide crucial environmental services in water quality in this agrolandscape.
Usability evaluation of mHealth Apps for the elderly: A scoping review
Authors: Wang Qiuyi , Zhou Lanshu , Liu Jing , Tian Jing , Chen Xuemei , Zhang Wei , Wang He , Zhou Wanqiong , Gao Yitian
Published: May 2022

Background: Usability is a key factor affecting the acceptance of mobile health applications (mHealth apps) for the elderly, but traditional usability evaluation methods may not be suitable for use in this population because of aging barriers. The objectives of this study were to identify, explore, and summarize the current state of the literature on the usability evaluation of mHealth apps for older adults and to incorporate these methods into the appropriate evaluation stage. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in 10 databases. Inclusion criteria were articles focused on the usability evaluation of mHealth apps designed for older adults. The included studies were classified according to the mHealth app usability evaluation framework, and the suitability of evaluation methods for use among the elderly was analyzed. Results: Ninety-six articles met the inclusion criteria. Research activity increased steeply after 2013 (n=92). The ratios of satisfaction, learnability, operability, and understandability measures were significantly related to the different stages of evaluation (P＜0.05). The methods used for usability evaluation were questionnaire (n=68), interview (n=36), concurrent thinking aloud (n=25), performance metrics (n=25), behavioral observation log (n=14), screen recording (n=3), eye tracking (n=1), retrospective thinking aloud (n=1), and feedback log (n=1). Thirty-two studies developed their own evaluation tool to assess unique design features for the elderly. Conclusion: According to the three stages of the mHealth app usability evaluation framework, the critical measures and evaluation methods are inconsistent. Future research should focus on adapting usability evaluation methods to the elderly by improving traditional tools or introducing automated evaluation tools.
Phytoremediation of lead in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by growth-promoting rhizobacterium and neem cake
Authors: Shaikh Nawal Gul , Rahman Afshan , Sadiq Mehwish , Ehteshamul-Haque Syed , Shams Zafar Iqbal
Published: May 2022

Lead causes toxicity and affects plant growth by disturbing photosynthesis and the functions of enzymes. Its removal from the soil is a challenging issue. The present investigation aims to evaluate the effectiveness of organic amendment in soil with neem cake and a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to reduce the effects of lead toxicity in sunflower when cultivated with and without neem cake amended soil. The experiment was performed in earthen pots (10 cm diam) containing 1 kg sandy loam soil, five sunflower seeds per pot, induced with 0.2 mM and 0.5 mM lead at 100 mL. After 30 days, the combination of organic amendment with PGPR improved the growth and the physiological performance of sunflower plants subjected to lead stress. The reduction % of lead was reported as 99% by P. aeruginosa at a specific concentration of 200 ppm on an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The plants treated with PGPR in amended soil showed healthier roots and shoots and improved carbohydrates. The PGPR-treated plants demonstrated better scavenging of free radicals, with improved H2O2 scavenging activity and peroxidase (POD) activity. Neem cake and P. aeruginosa individually and in combination significantly enhanced sugar contents and POD activity while lowering stress-induced elevated levels of phenols and ascorbic acid. The combination of neem cake and P. aeruginosa could be a promising solution for growing sunflower plants in lead-contaminated soil.
Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in Cypriot Pregnant and Postpartum Women
Authors: Vogazianos Paris , Motrico Emma , Domínguez-Salas Sara , Christoforou Andri , Hadjigeorgiou Eleni
Published: May 2022

Background: Anxiety is increasingly acknowledged as a common mental health issue during the perinatal period. Its prevalence as well as the associated adverse effects constitute screening imperative. This study evaluates the psychometric properties and underlying factor structures of a Greek version of GAD-7 among pregnant and postpartum women (up to 6 months) in Cyprus.Methods: This study was conducted from June to December 2020. A total of 457 Cypriot women in the perinatal period (222 pregnant and 235 postpartum) were surveyed. The assessment included anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (EPDS), and psychosocial factors related with anxiety. The internal consistency and factor structure of GAD-7 were evaluated using reliability coefficients, Cronbach’s Alpha and McDonald's Omega, and factor analysis, both Exploratory as well as Confirmatory. Results: GAD-7 demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.907; Ω = 0.909). Horn's parallel analysis indicated a single factor as the most appropriate. EFA for a single factor gave KMO = 0.917 and Bartlett’s sphericity test, p < 0.001. CFA using the standard ML method indicated a good model fit, χ2 = 21.207, p = 0.096; CFI = 0.999; SRMR = 0.027. More studies are needed to determinate the cut-off point and the maximisation of the scale’s sensitivity and specificity in pregnant and postpartum Greek Cypriot womenConclusions: GAD-7 is a valid and reliable measure and healthcare professionals should utilize GAD-7 as a standard instrument for the screening of anxiety symptoms in pregnant and postpartum Greek Cypriot women.
Robust Automated Backbone Triple Resonance NMR Assignments of Proteins Using Bayesian-Based Simulated Annealing
Authors: Bishop Anthony , Kotaru Sravya , Torres-Montalvo Glorise , Mimun Kyle , Wand A.
Published: May 2022

The comprehensive assignment of individual resonances of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of a protein to specific atoms remains a labor-intensive and often debilitating task -especially for proteins larger than 30 kDa. Recently, there have been tremendous advances in our empirical knowledge of the relationship between the structural context of a nuclear spin and its observed resonance frequency. Indeed, the expansion in the database of determined high-resolution protein structures and recent advances in structure prediction provide an enormous resource in this respect. Robust automation of the resonance assignment process nevertheless often remains a bottleneck in the exploitation of solution NMR spectroscopy for the study of protein structure-dynamics-function relationships. Here we present a new approach for the assignment of backbone triple resonance spectra of proteins. A Bayesian statistical analysis of predicted and observed chemical shifts is used to provide a pseudo-energy potential to drive the search for the most optimal set of resonance assignments. This approach has been implemented in the C++ program Bayllagio and tested against protein systems ranging in size to over 450 amino acids. Bayllagio makes almost no errors, accommodates incomplete information, is sufficiently fast to allow for real-time evaluation of data acquisition, and greatly outperforms currently employed deterministic algorithms.
An International Study of Caregiver-Reported Burden and Quality of Life in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Sevin Caroline , Barth Magalie , Wilds Alexandra , Afriyie Abena , Walz Markus , Dillon Annamarie , Howie Kenneth , Pang Francis
Published: May 2022

Background: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in the arylsulfatase A gene. Until now, there has been little information on the burden of MLD on patients and their caregivers. This multinational study aims to quantify caregiver-related impacts of MLD across several key domains including symptoms, treatment burden, time investment, social and emotional well-being, and professional and financial impact. Results: Data were collected through moderator-assisted web survey and telephone interviews. The survey was developed with extensive input from clinical experts and MLD patient advocacy groups. The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was administered during follow-up interviews. The total sample consisted of parents of MLD patients in the US (n=10), France (n=10), Germany (n=6), UK (n=5), Belgium (n=1), and Norway (n=1). The impact of MLD is evident from the EQ-5D-5L scores, which indicate utility values for caregivers below respective national population norms and a higher proportion of caregivers reporting problems with anxiety/depression. Time involved for care was demonstrated by a mean of 4.1 inpatient and 29.6 outpatient hospital visits in the previous 12-month period. These commitments place stress on familial relationships with 50% of caregivers reporting their child’s MLD diagnosis had negatively impacted their relationship with their spouse/partner. Professionally, 76.5% of caregivers stopped working or switched to part-time employment following their child’s MLD diagnosis, and most acknowledged caring for their child had affected their potential for career progression or promotion. Differences are also observed based on late infantile versus juvenile onset MLD, time since diagnosis, and for transplanted patients versus those who received palliative care only.Conclusions: This multinational study demonstrates that MLD consistently negatively affects many aspects of caregivers’ lives including health, relationships, and professional status, irrespective of location. We expect that the results of this study are generalizable to other countries. This study enhances our understanding of MLD caregiver impacts, which could improve patient care and assist in identifying support for individuals with MLD and their families.
Different patterns of breast cancer-related lymphedema according to body mass index
Authors: Ogiya Akiko , Kimura Kiyomi , Ueno Takayuki , Iwase Takuji , Ohno Shinji
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to clarify how body mass index (BMI) affects the development of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and to improve the postoperative follow-up for BCRL.
Methods
In this prospective study, patients with operable breast cancer were registered in a single institute between November 2009 and July 2010. The incidence rates of lymphedema at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery were assessed according to BMI, and the trend of newly developed BCRL was examined. The cut-off point of BMI was 25 kg/m2 according to the definition of obesity by the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity.
Results
A total of 379 patients were analyzed in this study. The multivariate analysis of the whole population showed that high BMI, axillary dissection, and radiotherapy remained as risk factors for BCRL. Patients with high BMI showed a significantly higher incidence of lymphedema than those with low BMI at 1 year (p < 0.0001), regardless of axillary procedures (39.1% vs. 16.3% for axillary dissection, 15.6% vs. 1.5% for sentinel lymph node biopsy), but not at 3 and 5 years. Once BCRL was developed, patients with high BMI showed slow recovery, and 50.0% of the patients retained their lymphedema at 5 years. However, patients with low BMI showed rapid recovery, and 26.7% retained their lymphedema at 3 years (p = 0.04).
Conclusion
Preoperative BMI affected BCRL, regardless of axillary surgery or radiotherapy. Patients with high BMI should be provided appropriate information about BCRL before surgery and careful checkups after surgery.