bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weibull Mortality Tables based on Indonesian Mortality Table 2019
Authors: Dei Alibazah Terra , Prabowo Agung , Hendriva Guswanto Bambang
Published: January 2024

Life tables are used to calculate the probability that a member of a population for each age group in a certain country would survive until the next year and die before the next year. A life table could be constructed based on another life table using a mortality law. This study will construct a Weibull Life Table based on the 2019 Indonesian Life Table using Weibull’s mortality law, with its parameters estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares method. The results of this study show that the oldest age in the male Weibull Life Table is 115 years, which is 4 years older than the oldest age in the male 2019 Indonesian Life Table. The oldest age in the female Weibull Life Table is 119 years, which is 8 years older than the older age in the female 2019 Indonesian Life Table.
Table Installments Finance Sharia of Motor Vehicle Using Proportional, Annuity, and Effective Rate Method
Authors: Cahyandari Rini , Hasanah Faridatul
Published: January 2024

One of the products offered by sharia banks is financing. In this financing, Islamic banks usually take profits in the form of margin or it can also be done by profit sharing. The base profit rate model was introduced to determine margins in Islamic bank financing. The margin generated using the base profit rate model is only in the form of a percentage. Therefore, follow-up was carried out by forming a sharia financing installment table to make it easier to see profits in nominal form. The methods used in making this installment table are the proportional method, annuity method and effective rate method. From research conducted in the case of sharia motor vehicle financing with a term of 1 year, a margin of 66.61785% was obtained and the profit based on the calculation results of the proportional method, annuity method and effective rate method was respectively IDR. 9,992,677.20,- , Rp. 5,945,097.50,-, and Rp. 5,412,700.31. So it can be concluded that the effective rate method takes the smallest profits, then followed by the annuity method and finally the proportional method which takes profits that tend to be larger.
Construction of the Mortality Table with Gompertz's Law Using the 2019 TMI Reference
Authors: Janna Nur , Tri Ayu Mulyani  , Monica Dwi Kusumaningsih  , Nur Amel Fitriyan  , Agung Prabowo  , Yaza Azzahara Ulyana
Published: January 2024

The Indonesian Mortality Table, which was specifically based on the real conditions of Indonesia, was successfully created for the first time in 1993. The mortality table was called the Indonesian Mortality Table (IMT) I of 1993. In its preparation from IMT II to IMT III, the time span was long enough that the Asosiasi Asuransi Jiwa Indonesia (AAJI) and Persatuan Aktuaris Indonesia (PAI) formed a team to prepare the Indonesian Mortality Table IV (IMT IV) which studied data during the study period between 2013-2017. Finally, the IV Indonesian Mortality Table was compiled in 2019. In this study, the mortality table used was the 2019 Indonesian Mortality Table issued by Persatuan Aktuaris Indonesia (PAI), as well as a modification of the 2019 IMT with Gompertz Law. In Gompertz's Law, one method that can be used is the least power square method. This study will show the suitability of Gompertz's Law against TMI 2019 for men and TMI 2019 for women, as well as to determine the suitability of Gompertz's Law using the Least Square Method for IMT 2019 for men and IMT 2019 for women.
CÓDIGO DE ÉTICA PROFISSIONAL DA/O ASSISTENTE SOCIAL
Authors: Vila Nova Adeildo
Published: January 2024

O objetivo desse trabalho é identificar a ausência da discussão da questão racial nas atualizações do Código de Ética Profissional da/o Assistente Social em detrimento de outras atualizações realizadas, apesar da inserção de diversas profissionais do Serviço Social nos movimentos sociais negros organizados. Apresento algumas reflexões sobre esta ausência destacando como este Código lidou com a questão racial em sua formulação apontando alguns elementos de análise a fim de buscar entender o contexto histórico e político que levou sua formulação a desconsiderar a dimensão racial na sua elaboração. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa bibliográfica/documental se apresenta como uma das estratégias e metodologias de pesquisa capaz de atender aos objetivos traçados e foi realizada a partir de documentos digitais disponíveis no site do Conselho Federal de Serviço Social (CFESS) e demais sítios eletrônicos que disponibilizam digitalmente arquivos com documentos oficiais de outras instituições. Apesar de reconhecer que são inegáveis os avanços presentes historicamente nas revisões do Código de Ética Profissional das/os Assistentes Sociais, também se infere que é inegável a necessidade de uma atualização constante considerando a rapidez com a qual a sociedade se movimenta, se atualiza, se rever e se redefine. Temas como racismo, LGBTQIAPN+fobia, intolerância religiosa, racismo religioso são cada vez mais frequentes e requer, de assistentes sociais e da sociedade e geral, respostas imediatas para tratar dessas temáticas tão relevantes para as relações sociais que são estabelecidas em nossa sociedade.
ERZURUM’UN METROPOL İLÇELERİNDEKİ YERLEŞMELERİN ALANSAL GELİŞİM SÜRECİ İLE JEOMORFOLOJİK BİRİMLER ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN CBS VE UA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ANALİZİ
Authors: ORHAN Fatih , GÜNEY Ertuğrul
Published: January 2024

Günümüz dünyasında gelişen teknolojiye bağlı olarak birçok alanda dinamik bir süreç yaşanmaktadır. Nüfus artışının da etkisi ile sürekli değişim ve gelişimin yaşandığı alanlardan biri de yerleşmelerdir. Bu süreç teknolojik altyapının gelişimi olarak algılanabileceği gibi, mekânsal yayılımı da ifade etmektedir. Yerleşmelerdeki alansal büyümenin yönünü belirleyen birçok faktör olmakla birlikte, fiziki koşulların ve özellikle jeomorfolojik birimlerin de bunda payı vardır. Bununla birlikte yerleşmelerin, bazı jeomorfolojik birimler üzerinde baskı oluşturduğu da görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada da Erzurum metropol ilçelerindeki (Aziziye, Palandöken ve Yakutiye) yerleşmelerin 1985-2022 yılları arasındaki gelişimi ile jeomorfolojik birimler arasındaki ilişki ele alınmış olup, hangi jeomorfolojik birimler üzerinde baskı oluşturulduğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. CBS ve Uzaktan Algılama yöntemleri ile farklı yıllara ait 5 uydu görüntüsü üzerinden yerleşmelerdeki yayılımın tespit edildiği çalışmada, bahsi geçen yıllar arasında en fazla yayılımın birikinti konisi/yelpazesi ve ova alanı üzerinde gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle ova alanının tarımsal potansiyeli ve zemin sıvılaşmasına bağlı olarak artan deprem risk durumu göz önüne alındığında, bu yönlü bir gelişimin sürdürülebilir olmadığı ortadadır. Bu kapsamda imar planlarında yapılacak düzenlemeler ile yerleşmelerin ova alanına yayılımı engellenerek, dağ yamaçlarına doğru gelişiminin teşvik edilmesi gerekmektedir.
VAN KÜRESİN AĞZINDA ALKIŞ (DUA) VE KARGIŞ (BEDDUA) ÖRNEKLERİ
Authors: AKMAN Hami
Published: January 2024

Kargış, beddua etmek anlamındaki karga- fiilinden türemiş bir isimdir ve bir kimsenin belli bir durum karşısındaki öfkesini, kötü temennisini, dileklerini ifade etmektedir; alkış ise dua etmek anlamlı alka- fiilinden türemiş ve kargışın aksine, bir kimsenin olaylar karşısındaki iyi dileklerini, temennilerini, isteklerini vs. ifade etmektedir. Kargış ve alkışlar, kalıplaşmış söz dizileri olarak değerlendirilmekte ve birçok araştırmacı tarafından genelde bu özelliği ön planda tutularak deyimler arasında ele alınmaktadır. Bugün, genel olarak kargış kelimesi yerine beddua, alkış yerineyse dua kelimeleri kullanılmaktadır. Kargış ve alkışlar gerek Türk halk edebiyatı gerekse dil açısından sunduğu zengin malzemeler sayesinde Türk dili için çok önemli veriler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Van Küresin ağzında yer alan bazı kargış ve alkışlar derlenmeye çalışıldı. Tespitlerimiz neticesinde söz konusu ağızda 109 kargışa (bedduaya) ulaşıldı. Bu kargışların 14 tanesinin ilk unsurunda Allah kelimesi, 5 tanesinde boyun, 4 tanesinde ise kan kelimesi yer almaktadır. Van Küresin ağzında 69 tane ise alkış (dua) tespit edildi.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Gerak Lokomotor Melalui Permainan Kasti Pada Siswa Kelas V SDN Wonorejo 1 Kediri
Authors: Tito Raka Nanda Amirunni’am  , Puspodari  , Reo Prasetiyo Herpandika
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan kecakapan gerak dasar lokomotor peserta didik pada mata pelajaran PJOK melalui penerapan model permainan tradisional bola kasti. Metode yang digunakan yaitu model Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Riset ini dijalankan dalam dua siklus, dengan dua pertemuan setiap siklus. Subjek penelitian ini melibatkan 30 orang siswa kelas V, terdiri dari 18 siswa laki-laki dan 12 siswa perempuan. Akhir dari studi ini membuktikan bahwsanya melalui permainan tradisional bola kasti dapat meningkatkan keterampilan gerak lokomotor siswa dari hasil Pra-penelitian hanya 3 peserta didik yang tuntas atau hanya 10 persen dan yang tidak tuntas berjumlah 27 dalam presentase 90%, maka diadakan siklus I dengan hasil 43% atau 13 orang siswa yang mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM) dan siklus II terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan yaitu 90% siswa yang sudah mencapai hasil optimal dalam ketrampilan gerak lokomotornya. Selain itu, peningkatan hasil belajar siswa juga telah meningkat dengan adanya modifikasi permainan bola kasti yang dirasa siswa permainan ini sangat menyenangkan sehingga minat siswa dalam pelajaran PJOK semakin baik dan performa siswa juga meningkat.
Pengaruh KIE Terhadap Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Penggunaan Obat Anti Nyeri di Desa Buluagung
Authors: Setyowati Lisus , Cahyanti Diana , Rosida Rosida
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang. Penggunaan analgetik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan peningkatan angka kesakitan dan kematian serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Tingginya persentase pengobatan sendiri yang dilakukan masyarakat menunjukkan pentingnya edukasi pengobatan. Edukasi ini untuk mengetahui tingkat rasionalitas pengobatan yang dilakukan. Komunikasi Informasi dan Edukasi (KIE) merujuk pada metode yang digunakan seseorang untuk menyampaikan pesan kepada orang lain dengan tujuan menginformasikan, baik secara verbal maupun non-verbal.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan pengaruh KIE terhadap penggunaan obat anti nyeri di Desa Buluagung Kecamatan Siliragung Kabupaten Banyuwangi.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, pra-ekperimental dengan one group pretest-posttest design. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 80 responden didapat dengan perhitungan rumus Slovin dari populasi masyarakat Desa Buluagung. Studi ini menggunakan KIE sebagai intervensi dan kuesioner untuk mengunmpulkan data responden. Analisis data yang dipakai adalah uji Wilcoxon.Hasil. Hasil pre-test menyebutkan bahwa masyarakat Desa Buluagung masih kurang dalam pengetahuan. Intervensi berupa KIE merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pengetahuan penggunaan obat antinyeri. Setelah diberikan perlakuan didapatkan hasil yang baik dalam post-test. Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh KIE terhadap penggunaan obat antinyeri.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Wanprestasi Secara Alternatif Melewati Badan Arbitrase Nasional Indonesia (BANI)
Authors: Dewi Ratrika Rinupa Sejati
Published: January 2024

Peaceful resolution of disputes is the main goal in the modern legal system. One form of peaceful resolution, namely arbitration, is recognized as an effective way to resolve disputes firmly and bindingly. Arbitration is part of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), which includes various methods of resolution outside of court or litigation. In the context of resolving default disputes, the Indonesian National Arbitration Board (BANI) is an efficient option. This research aims to analyze the role and benefits of arbitration in handling default disputes, especially those related to BANI. The research method used is normative legal research by collecting and analyzing secondary data such as laws, regulations, arbitration decisions and related literature. The research results show that the default dispute resolution process through BANI involves several steps, including arbitration selection, trial process, and final decision. The advantages of resolving default disputes through BANI include speed, legal certainty through arbitration awards, and the diversity of arbitrators who can provide different points of view in resolving disputes. Based on research findings, the decision of the Denpasar District Court Class I A Number 3/Pdt.G/2017/PN.Dps is based on Article 3 of Law no. 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution. The judge stated that the District Court did not have the authority to decide disputes between two parties who were bound by an arbitration agreement. This shows that if a dispute occurs, the parties must resolve it through deliberation. If deliberations are unsuccessful, the resolution will be handed over to the Indonesian National Arbitration Board (BANI).
Hypovolemic Shock Due to Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding Secondary to Primary Rectal Syphilitic Ulcer. Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Mexican Social Security Institute – UMAE Manuel Ávila Camacho. Department of Gastroenterology. Puebla, México, Martínez Rafael Estupiñan , Hernández Juan Carlos Navarro ,   Mexican Social Security Institute – General Hospital of Zone No. 33. Department of Gastroenterology. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, Ruiz Ravelo Rodolfo Martín ,   Mexican Social Security Institute – General Hospital of Zone No. 33. Department of Gastroenterology. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, Hernández De Lira Perla Karina ,   Mexican Social Security Institute – General Hospital of Zone No. 33. Department of Gastroenterology. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, Torres Ruiz Elizabeth ,   Mexican Social Security Institute – General Hospital of Zone No. 33. Department of Gastroenterology. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
Published: January 2024

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, it has a well-defined course with several stages throughout its natural history ranging from primary to tertiary. Rectal syphilis is a rare syphilis presentation and can occur in both primary and secondary syphilis, either in a syphilitic ulcer or proctitis. It's generally doesn't have symptoms, however it can cause rectal bleeding that in most cases tends to be self-limiting. The diagnosis is established when it's possible with direct observation studies; However, in cases of concomitant contamination by spirochetes of the usual rectal flora, the sensibility and specificity of direct observation tests decreases, so the diagnosis requires an adequate clinical, serological and, if necessary, histopathological correlation. The treatment and follow-up is the same as in other syphilis types and depends on the time of evolution and specific conditions of the patient in question. We present the case of a male patient with primary rectal syphilis that during his course triggered a state of hypovolemic shock secondary to massive rectal bleeding.
The Effect of Number of Customers, Working Hours, Business Location. E- Commerce Applications on Income of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMES) in the City of Denpasar
Authors:   Faculty of Economic and Business, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia 80361, Dewanto Gabriel Chandra Aji , M.Si. Dra. Ni Putu Martini Dewi ,   Faculty of Economic and Business, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia 80361
Published: January 2024

Denpasar City is the capital of Bali province, which has 11,126 MSME units in the trade sector. This number is recorded from the data of the Bali provincial office of cooperatives and small and medium enterprises in 2022. MSMEs in the trade sector MSMEs in the trade sector are businesses that have many types and varieties of businesses. One type of business is in the field of clothing, which is included in the fashion category. This study aims to analyze the effect of the number of customers, working hours, business location, and e-commerce applications on business income. and e-commerce applications on the income of micro businesses in the clothing sector in Denpasar City, both simultaneously and partially. The data in this study This study uses entirely primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who were used as research samples. The determination of the sample is determined by the proportionate accidental sampling technique. Technique The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. Research results The results showed that the variable number of customers, working hours, business location, and e-commerce applications simultaneously have a significant effect on revenue. E-commerce applications simultaneously have a significant effect on income-generating microbusinesses in the clothing sector in Denpasar City. Partially, the variable number of customers, working hours, business location, and e-commerce applications have a positive and significant effect on the income of micro businesses in the clothing sector in Denpasar City. Based on the research results, to increase business income, it is recommended to increase the number of customers and working hours, as well as choose a business location in the clothing sales centers and use e-commerce applications in marketing their products. marketing their products.
PENGARUH PELIMPAHAN WEWENANG TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. GRATIA PLENA MAS OKU TIMUR
Authors: Arafik  , Wihana  , Rini Apriyani  , Novitasari
Published: January 2024

Problems faced by PT. Gratia Plena Mas East OKU is the strong influence of delegation of authority on employee work effectiveness. Meanwhile, the aim of this research is to determine the effect of delegation of authority on employee work effectiveness. The hypothesis proposed is that there is a strong influence between delegation of authority on employee work effectiveness at PT. Gratia Plena Mas East OKU. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of interviews, observation, documentation, and questionnaires as well as literature study. From the calculation results, it was obtained that r = 0.772. After consulting with conservative standards to determine whether the relationship is strong or not, it turns out that r = 0.772 is located in the range between 0.600 – 0.799 which is included in the strong correlation. Then, to answer whether the hypothesis test proposed in the previous chapter has a relationship or not, it was tested using a hypothesis test and obtained t = 3.432. Meanwhile, the t table value at the 95% confidence level for (n – 2) = 1.812. So it can be seen that the calculated t value is 3.432 > 1.860, thus (Ha) is accepted and (Ho) is rejected.

Keywords : Delegation of Authority, Work Effectiveness
Inovações no acesso ao poder judiciário na era digital: reflexão sobre a efetivação da prestação jurisdicional como direito fundamental
Authors: Scheffler Patrícia Raquel , Leão Marcelo Franco
Published: January 2024

O acesso à justiça é um princípio constitucional por meio do qual os direitoshumanos se tornam efetivos. Contudo, por muito tempo, esse direito não tem sidodevidamente respeitado, conforme se exige e encontra-se disposto no ordenamentojurídico. O presente estudo visa refletir sobre as inovações de acesso ao poder judiciáriofrente aos avanços tecnológicos, expondo se há a ocorrência de uma efetiva e adequadaprestação jurisdicional aos cidadãos vilariquenses. Utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica edocumental, com abordagem qualitativa e método analítico. Para identificar a produçãocientífica do assunto na literatura existente, foram realizadas buscas no PeriódicoCAPES, e foi estabelecido como recorte temporal os últimos três anos. Os dadosdocumentais foram obtidos junto ao site do Tribunal de Justiça e do Conselho Nacionalde Justiça. Demonstrou-se que as inovações da era digital trouxeram benefícios,principalmente no que tange à celeridade e facilidade, mas que muitas vezes osobstáculos de cunho social, econômico e cultural, dificultam o efetivo acesso à Justiça.
A música e a filosofia no contexto escolar: a interdisciplinaridade na construção dos saberes.
Authors: José da Veiga Almeida Eliana , Dimas Santana Neves  , Edilson Pereira Santos  , Maria do Rosário Soares Lima
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho trata-se do resultado parcial de um estudo que foi realizado com o propósito de apresentar uma reflexão acerca da relação existente entre a Filosofia e a Educação Musical, destacando as circunstâncias em que as duas caminham juntas enquanto processo formativo.  A busca de um ideal de qualidade de vida é o maior desafio da sociedade, e isso se perpetua desde a antiguidade, permeando nos diferentes ambientes que envolvem o cotidiano das pessoas, ou seja, no trabalho, na família, nas instituições ou nas reuniões de grupos com suas singularidades. As questões que mais nos tocam, quando se refere a qualidade de vida, é a sensibilidade humana e a capacidade de se expressar pela arte da música. Sendo que tal perspectiva de reflexão, é decorrente do pensamento que construí através de leituras e investigações realizadas sobre práticas docentes em Filosofia, visto que as análises feitas nos permitiram entender e compreender a importância da arte como elemento do itinerário da formação humanística. Enquanto estratégia metodológica, configuram-se em uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativa, constituída a partir de leitura de livros e artigos de autores que dialogam sobre a relação entre a Filosofia e a Educação Musical, tomando como referência o uso de técnicas e instrumentos de análises adotados em pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica. O resultado desse estudo sinaliza para a construção de uma reflexão acerca da importância do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas subsidiadas por um currículo cultural, pois só assim a escola cumprirá sua função social de modo integral. A partir das indagações que nortearam a problematização da nossa proposta de pesquisa, traçamos alguns objetivos que dentre outros destaca-se a produção de uma análise de como se dá o processo de desenvolvimento de práticas do ensino da Filosofia em contexto da educação musical, no sentido de perceber qual seria o foco de interesse e o reconhecimento do valor da música.
Phytosanitary Practices in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Survey of 500 Market Gardeners in the Kinshasa and Lubumbashi Cities Between 2020-2021
Authors:   Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo  Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, Tuakuila JK , Ndelo PM ,   Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bio-pharmaceutical and food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo, Mputu LM ,   Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bio-pharmaceutical and food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo, Y Nuapia1 Y Nuapia ,   Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bio-pharmaceutical and food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo, Ndelo JD P ,   Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bio-pharmaceutical and food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo
Published: January 2024

This study involved a survey on phytosanitary practices among 500 market gardeners in the cities of Kinshasa and Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Market gardening was practiced by 56.2% of men and 43.8% by women. The average age was 42 ± 8.7 years. Most producers (77.4%) had at least a secondary level of education (Primary School Diploma). Only 9.4% of respondents had been trained in the proper use of plant protection products. Thiodan-Endosulfan, a prohibited and highly toxic substance, was the most widely used product (93%). None of the market gardeners surveyed were using the recommended rates of insecticides. More than half of the respondents did not wear personal protective equipment when preparing and applying pesticides. Empty pesticide packages were most often abandoned in the fields or discarded in the environment (57%). Phytosanitary practices in the DRC are potentially harmful to the environment, the health of farmers and consumers.
Criminal Liability about the Use of Artificial Intelligence: Investigating the Actus Reus Element of AI-driven Technology
Authors: Saud Alaa
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This paper aimed to determine the liability for criminal activities committed by AI-enabled machines and explore defences that could invalidate their criminal liability. It also analysed the Actus Reus element, to identify which actors are involved in the criminal act.

Materials and Methods: A systematic review of existing research on AI liability in crime was conducted, focusing on 30 articles related to the study.

Findings: The study found that if certain conditions are met, any individual, company, or legal organisation can be held legally liable for illegal activities. As AI technology advances, current legal remedies are needed to protect society from the hazards it poses. Existing criminal law offers various approaches to dealing with AI liability, but the liability concerns generated by AI systems extend beyond traditional criminal law. Recognising robots as legal persons has been criticised as an overly complex solution.

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study emphasises that the responsibility for monitoring and managing AI and its operations begins from the moment it is employed or deployed. Criminal law and the criminalisation of behaviour only address the question of responsibility to a limited extent, and the responsibility for monitoring should be viewed as an obligation towards the law.
Molecular Docking Studies of Bioactive Constituents of Long Pepper, Ginger, Clove, and Black Pepper to Target the Human Cathepsin L Protease: As a Natural Therapeutic Strategy Against SARS-Cov-2
Authors: Sharma Kaushal Kishor , Singh Brijendra , Bisen P. S. , Agarwal D. D.
Published: January 2024

Human cathepsin L protease is involved in the cleavage of S protein of SARS-Cov-2 virus and activates the membrane fusion, which mediates the entry of the virus into the host cell. Thus, it suggests the cathepsin L protease is critical for the entry of SARS-Cov-2. Currently, chemically synthesized cathepsin L inhibitors are present, but the consumption of chemically synthesized drugs is also an alarming stage due to its side effects, illness, and age reduction. In this study, natural bioactive constituents of long pepper, ginger, clove, and black pepper that has been widely known for antiviral effect and other medicinal properties were used for molecular docking against the human cathepsin L receptor (PDB ID 2XU1). Molecular docking (using a software, AutoDock 4.2) was performed on bioactive constituents of long pepper, ginger, clove, and black pepper against the human cathepsin L protease and elucidates the binding energies, visualization, and analysis of interacting residue (using Discovery studio) at the docking site of cathepsin L protease and compared the docking analysis of these bioactive constituents with preclinical cathepsin L inhibitor (Pub Chem CID: 16725315). The pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity evaluation were calculated by Datawarrior and Osiris Molecular Property explorer software, respectively. Many bioactive constituents from long pepper, ginger, clove, and black pepper have shown significant binding affinity, docking interactions and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties with the human cathepsin L protease. Piperolactam A constituent of long pepper and Kaempferol constituent of clove were found to be more acceptable natural therapeutic compounds among other selected bioactive constituents with the highest binding affinity (Kcal/mol) −9.4 and −9.3, respectively.
 
Received: 21 August 2023 | Revised: 22 December 2023 | Accepted: 25 December 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
P. S. Bisen is an Editorial Board Member for Medinformatics, and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are publicly available: Protein Data Bank: https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2XU1; Pub Chem: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16725315.
A rapid method for the determination of alkenylbenzenes in spices by gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS)
Authors: Luu Thi Huyen Trang , Do Truc Quynh , Nguyen Minh Quang , Vu Thi Nhat Le , Vu Thi Trang , Pham Thi Thanh Ha , Vu Ngan Binh , Le Thi Hong Hao ,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam; Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam; Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: January 2024

Alkenylbenzene is a group of natural toxins that can cause genetic damage and cancer in rodents. These toxins are found in high amounts in common spices such as pepper, basil, cinnamon, dill, and others. This study aimed to develop a method for measuring eight alkenylbenzenes (eugenol, methyl eugenol, acetyl eugenol, trans-isoeugenol, safrole, estragole, myristicin and trans-anethole) in various spices using gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC–HRMS) with a simple ultrasonic vibration sample extraction method. The method was validated according to AOAC standards. The method had detection and quantification limits of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery ranged from 90.1% to 107% and the repeatability (RSD) ranged from 1.00% to 6.60% for all eight compounds, meeting the AOAC requirements. The analysis of 90 different dried and fresh spice samples revealed that eugenol (1.86–3581 mg/kg), trans-anethole (0.89–45.6 × 103 mg/kg) and estragole (0.19-248 mg/kg) were the main alkenylbenzenes, while trans-isoeugenol (0.69–7.86 mg/kg) and safrole (0.15–0.42 mg/kg) were the minor ones.
Mycobacterium Leprae: the significance of our knowledge of its composition and antigenicity
Authors: Brennan Patrick J.
Published: January 2024

.
Alterações ungueais especificas da hanseníase
Authors: Kato Lilian Emiko , Nakandakari Sadamitsu
Published: January 2024

Alterações ungueais na hanseníase podem ser observadas em mais de 60% dos pacientes e são caracterizadas por hiperceratose ungueal, onicogrifose, microníquia, anoníquia, onicorréxis, sulcos de Beau e pterígeo ungueal. Tais alterações podem ser decorrentes da anestesia provocada pela neuropatia periférica hansênica, traumas repetitivos, deficiência vascular periférica e infecções, podendo haver associação de fatores. Os autores obervaram em 4 pacientes com hanseníase virchoviana ativa, infiltração difusa dos dedos de mãos e pés, hiperplasia do leito ungueal, lâmina ungueal adelgaçada e onicorrexis. A biópsia do leito ungueal demonstrou infiltrado virchoviano com grande número de bacilos álcool-ácidoresistentes, e os autores concluíram que provavelmente as lesões eram específicas e originadas da compressão da matriz pelo exuberante infiltrado celular.
The Country Development Index: A Holistic Approach to Assessing Socioeconomic Progress
Authors: AKARSU Mahmut Zeki
Published: January 2024

As the global economy continues to evolve, the traditional approach of measuring national prosperity based solely on GDP has become increasingly inadequate. The limitations of this approach have prompted the development of the Country Development Index, which aims to redefine how we evaluate a country's progress and well-being. By incorporating a diverse range of social and economic indicators, such as income equality, access to opportunities, and democratic values, this innovative metric seeks to provide a more nuanced and holistic understanding of a nation's prosperity and advancement. The Country Development Index's methodology involves a rigorous and multifaceted approach that draws upon a wide range of data sources and indicators, and uses a sophisticated algorithm to generate a composite score for each country. This methodology will be subjected to rigorous testing and validation to ensure its reliability and validity. Ultimately, the Country Development Index has the potential to revolutionize how we evaluate and compare countries, and to provide policymakers with a powerful tool for promoting human well-being and societal progress.
Taking Stock
Authors: Black Peter C.
Published: January 2024

None.
Status, Needs, and Perspectives on the Practice of Endourology in Africa: a Continental Survey of 21 Reference Centers
Authors: Nedjim Saleh Abdelkerim , Dieudonné Ziba Ouima Justin , Hissein Hagguir , Gebreselassie Kaleab Habtemichael , Arthur Douglas , Salissou Mahamane , Ali Mahamat Mahamat , Khalid Abdullahi , Muhawenimana Emmanuel , Dibingue Cléhaude , Marebo Thoto Shabani , Botcho Gnimdou , Danai Daniel , Kimassoum Rimtebaye , Ouchemi Choua , Barry Mamadou II Barry , Sévérin Odzebe Anani Wenceslas , Bowa Kasonde , Honoré Berthé , Lazarus John , Noël Coulibaly , Ndoye Alain Khassim , Rachid Aboutaieb
Published: January 2024

Endourology occupies an important place in modern urological practice. Compared with conventional surgery, it offers improved safety and patients experience less severe postoperative effects. Its use requires a certain level of equipment and technical skills. In many developed countries, it has been established for years and its practice has become routine. In Africa, it is still not very practical or even non-existent in certain reference centers. This survey conducted among the heads of urology departments or training coordinators in African referral centers defines the current practice of endourology. According to the needs and perspectives identified, it is important, if not essential, to create services or reference centers specializing in endourology. The role of these centers will be to take care of patients and train urologists in technical skills. The creation of a sub-regional and international network could contribute to the development of this practice. Multi-stakeholder cooperation (inter-state, with non-governmental organizations, companies or corporations) is also necessary.
Prostate Artery Embolisation of Megaprostate Causing External Iliac Vein Compression
Authors: Nassour Anthony-Joe , Copping Ross , Bhoopathy Sandra V. , Myint Michael , Mancuso Pascal , Catt Jules , Schlaphoff Glen
Published: January 2024

None.
Enhancing Clinical Decision-Making in LATAM through Virtual Genitourinary Tumour Boards
Authors: Angel Martin , Soule Tomas , Losco Federico , Orlando Mauro , Lopez Fernando Losada , Amat Mora , Musumeci Martina , López Suárez Mariano , Lapuchescky Laura , Chemi Joaquin , Jaunarena Jorge , Camean Juan , Bachur Roberto , Racioppi Silvina , Chacon Matias , Villoldo Gustavo , Sade Juan Pablo
Published: January 2024

Inequity in cancer care access among LATAM countries is huge. Experience with gastrointestinal tumors in Latin America has shown care disparities can be reduced by equalizing access to high-quality medical knowledge in a context of a multidisciplinary environment for medical discussions. Here, we describe our experience of working with virtual genitourinary multidisciplinary tumor boards (vGUMDT), including how the virtual board has helped with clinical decision-making. We describe vGUMDT´s experience and the importance of basing clinical decision-making in the consultant’s own center, reducing the need for referrals. In total, 345 cases were presented. The majority were prostate cancer cases, and the median age of patients was 64 years. Five participating centers were in Buenos Aires, 7 were in other cities in Argentina (Neuquén, Mendoza, Formosa, Salta, Santa Fé, Entre Ríos, Córdoba), and 3 centers were located in other countries in South America (Perú, Colombia, and Paraguay). Median distance from treating center to vGUMDT headquarters was 1289.8 km. A few patients (n = 60, 17.3%) were referred to the Alexander Fleming Cancer Institute or tertiary health care centers for surgery or systemic therapy, and a minority of cases were referred for radiotherapy. Multidisciplinary virtual experiences, such as vGUMDT, should be carefully addressed by health care decision-makers, given their popularity and their demonstrated cost-effectiveness.
Content Validity Testing of a Novel Cognitive Screen, the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive (GOT–Cog), to Improve Inpatient Occupational Therapy Treatment Planning
Authors: Hrdlicka Henry C. , Meise Emily , Corbett John , Meyer Amanda , Grevelding Pete
Published: January 2024

Importance: No single cognitive screen adequately captures all cognitive domains that are important for inpatient occupational therapy treatment planning.

Objective: To quantify the content validity of a novel 22-item cognitive screen, the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive (GOT–Cog) screen, developed to better inform inpatient occupational therapy treatment planning.

Design: Delphi-style expert panel review.

Setting: Long-term acute care hospital.

Participants: The first panel was attended by four occupational therapists, two speech-language pathologists, one physician assistant, and two neuropsychologists; the second, by four occupational therapists, one speech-language pathologist, and one physician assistant.

Intervention: Each Delphi panel discussed the relevance, essentiality, and clarity of each item. After each discussion, panelists completed a content validity survey to summarize their evaluation of each item.

Outcomes and Measures: On the basis of panelists’ survey responses, item- and scale-level relevance, essentiality, and clarity were quantified by calculating the respective content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and content clarity index (CCI). Universal agreement (UA) and κ statistics were also calculated, as appropriate.

Results: Upon presenting the initial 23-item instrument covering 10 cognitive domains to the first Delphi panel, several questions were added, removed, or rewritten, resulting in a 22-item instrument representing nine domains. After the second panel, several questions were again rewritten, and the domains reorganized. All scale-level metrics improved, including CVI (from 0.87 to 1.0), UA (0.52 to 1.0), CVR (0.43 to 0.94), and CCI (2.26 to 2.92).

Conclusions and Relevance: GOT–Cog displays overall excellent content validity and can proceed to construct validity testing.

Plain-Language Summary: By reporting on the content validity of the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive screen, this brief report begins the necessary process of evaluating the measure’s overall validity and reliability.
Current use of the faricimab in retinal diseases
Authors: Saatcı Burak , Çıtırık Mehmet
Published: January 2024

Faricimab, a novel drug in the field of ophthalmology, has garnered attention because of its promising applications in the treatment of various ocular conditions. This drug, with its dual targeting of angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is a versatile intervention for the management of neovascular and inflammatory ocular disorders. Developed through meticulous research and clinical trials, faricimab holds promise as a multifaceted solution to longstanding challenges in ophthalmology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge and clinical use of faricimab.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus: current diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Erdin Züleyha , Çifci Aydın
Published: January 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a globally prevalent chronic disease caused by obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, hereditary and environmental factors, and multifactorial causes. The prevalence of diabetes has increased worldwide, and its complications cause high morbidity and mortality. With the increase in diabetes and its complications, treatment costs are also increasing. Early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, timely initiation of treatment, and prevention of complications are crucial. Management of type 2 DM is multifaceted and includes lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and close monitoring of blood glucose levels. In obese individuals, weight loss has been shown to improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of complications. Pharmacologic treatment is tailored to individual needs and may include oral antidiabetic agents, injectable drugs such as insulin, and newer classes of drugs that target specific pathways involved in glucose regulation. Glycemic control is of paramount importance to reduce the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with T2DM. In conclusion, the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes require an integrated approach focusing on lifestyle changes, regular follow-up, and personalized pharmacotherapy. Implementing early interventions and maintaining optimal glycemic control are vital to preventing complications and improving the overall condition of individuals with type 2 DM.
UNG THƯ NỘI MẠC TỬ CUNG SAU DÙNG TAMOXIFEN: BÁO CÁO CA LÂM SÀNG VÀ HỒI CỨU Y VĂN
Authors: Đỗ Anh Tú , Nguyễn Bá Thái , Trần Nguyên Tuấn
Published: January 2024

Tamoxifen, một chất kháng estrogen, là một loại thuốc phổ biến để điều trị và ngăn ngừa ung thư vú phụ thuộc hormone. Tamoxifen đã trở thành một trong những loại thuốc chống ung thư được dùng thường xuyên nhất trên toàn thế giới. Tuy nhiên đi kèm với đó là các tác dụng phụ, đặc biệt là làm tăng nguy cơ ung thư nội mạc tử cung. Điều này xảy ra sau khi sử dụng lâu dài (>2 năm), đặc biệt ở phụ nữ sau mãn kinh có bệnh lý tử cung từ trước. Thực tế do mức độ hiếm gặp, tại Việt Nam chưa có báo cáo nào vệ tác dụng gây ung thư nội mạc tử cung phụ thuốc này. Bài viết này báo cáo 2 trường hợp ung thư nội mạc tử cung sau dùng tamoxifen, qua đó nhìn lại y văn về tác dụng phụ này của thuốc để các bác sĩ có những lưu ý, theo dõi khi dùng thuốc. Báo cáo ca lâm sàng: Chúng tôi báo cáo hai ca lâm sàng bệnh nhân ung thư nội mạc tử cung sau dùng Tamoxifen điều trị ung thư vú tại bệnh viện K. Bàn luận: Trong bài báo cáo này, chúng tôi bàn luận về cơ chế, đặc điểm lâm sàng của ung thư nội mạc tử cung sau dùng Tamoxifen. Kết luận: Tamoxifen là một chất điều biến thụ thể estrogen chọn lọc được sử dụng để điều trị và phòng ngừa ung thư vú thụ thể estrogen (ER) dương tính. Tuy nhiên, tamoxifen làm tăng nguy cơ ung thư nội mạc tử cung (EC) lên khoảng 2–7 lần và người sử dụng tamoxifen mắc EC có tiên lượng xấu hơn [1]. Tamoxifen gây ung thư nội mạc tử cung thông qua tác dụng chủ vận của tamoxifen đối với thụ thể ERα  trên nội mạc tử cung và sự biểu hiện của thụ thể estrogen kết hợp G-protein 1 (GPER-1). Nguy cơ ung thư nội mạc tử cung có thể được giảm thiểu bằng cách phát hiện và điều trị các bệnh lý nội mạc tử cung trước khi bắt đầu điều trị bằng tamoxifen. Khi dùng tamoxifen kéo dài (>2 năm) cần theo dõi sát, đặc biệt khi xuất hiện các triệu chứng bất thường, đồng thời giải thích nguy cơ cho bệnh nhân trước điều trị.
MỘT SỐ YẾU TỔ ẢNH HƯỞNG TỶ LỆ TÁI PHÁT SỎI SAU TÁN SỎI ĐƯỜNG MẬT TRONG VÀ NGOÀI GAN QUA DA BẰNG LASER GIAI ĐOẠN SAU HAI NĂM
Authors: Lê Tuấn Linh , Nguyễn Thị Hương
Published: January 2024

Mục tiêu: Phân tích một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến kết quả của phương pháp tán sỏi mật trong và ngoài gan qua da bằng Laser. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu phân tích hồi cứu trên các bệnh nhân được tán sỏi đường mật trong gan và sỏi ống mật chủ bằng laser tại Trung tâm Chẩn đoán hình ảnh và Can thiệp điện quang, Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội từ tháng 01/01/2020 đến 01/08/2022. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện trên 65 bệnh nhân có sỏi đường mật trong và/hoặc ngoài gan đã được tán sỏi qua da bằng Laser, với thời gian theo dõi trung bình là tháng 27 tháng (IQR 3-37 ), cho thấy tỷ lệ sỏi tái phát chung là 43 bệnh nhân (66,2%). Yếu tố nguy cơ gây tỷ lệ sỏi mật tái phát cao hơn là hẹp đường mật (OR, 5,4; 95% CI, 1,7-17,3; p=0,03); viêm đường mật trên hình ảnh (OR, 4,7; 95% CI, 1,2-18,7, p= 0,033); tổn thương gan (OR, 5,0; 95% CI, 1,5-16,4; p=0,006); phân bố sỏi trong gan (OR, 9,5; 95% CI 1,7-51,3; p=0,005) và sót sỏi (p=0,00). Kết luận: Như vậy các yếu tố hẹp đường mật, viêm đường mật, xơ gan, phân bố và số lượng sỏi, sót sỏi có thể góp phần làm tăng tỷ lệ tái phát sỏi sau điều trị TSDMQDL.
KHẢO SÁT SỰ THAY ĐỔI NHIỆT ĐỘ BỀ MẶT DA KHI HÀO CHÂM TẠI HUYỆT TRUNG CHỮ: MỘT NGHIÊN CỨU THÍ ĐIỂM
Authors: Trần Công Đại Lộc , Nguyễn Thị Bay , NG Ngô Lê Minh Anh
Published: January 2024

Mục tiêu: Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đánh giá xem liệu hào châm tại huyệt Trung chữ (TB-3), một Du huyệt thuộc hệ thống Ngũ Du huyệt, có làm thay đổi nhiệt độ bề mặt tại huyệt và vùng da thuộc bì bộ kinh Tam tiêu hay không, dựa trên lý thuyết về tác dụng “sơ thông kinh khí” của huyệt. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu thí điểm không có nhóm chứng khảo sát trên 30 người tình nguyện khỏe mạnh, thực hiện tại Phòng nghiên cứu thực nghiệm Châm cứu, Khoa Y học cổ truyền, Đại học Y Dược TP.HCM. Nhiệt độ bề mặt da được đo tại mặt mu bàn tay và mặt sau cẳng tay bằng máy ảnh ghi nhiệt hồng ngoại tại các thời điểm trước, trong và sau khi châm. Kết quả: có sự gia tăng nhiệt độ bề mặt da một cách có ý nghĩa tại huyệt TB-3 và tại vùng da thuộc bì bộ kinh Tam tiêu giữa các thời điểm trước, trong và sau khi châm (p = 0,0012 và p = 0,0005). Bên cạnh đó, nhiệt độ bề mặt da tại các vùng da không thuộc vùng bì bộ kinh Tam tiêu không thay đổi một cách có ý nghĩa giữa các thời điểm trước, trong và sau khi châm (p = 0,5753). Kết luận: Kết quả này cho thấy châm cứu có tác dụng làm thay đổi nhiệt độ bề mặt da một cách đặc hiệu tại huyệt được châm và tại đường kinh tương ứng với huyệt. Điều này phù hợp với học thuyết kinh lạc cũng như tác dụng “sơ thông kinh khí” của Du huyệt.
BIẾN CHỨNG CỦA LIỆU PHÁP HẠ THÂN NHIỆT Ở BỆNH NHÂN NGỪNG TUẦN HOÀN DO CĂN NGUYÊN TIM MẠCH
Authors: Bùi Mạnh Cường , Nguyễn Văn Chi , Phạm Xuân Thắng , Nguyễn Tuấn Đạt
Published: January 2024

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá biến chứng của liệu pháp hạ thân nhiệt ở bệnh nhân ngừng tuần hoàn do căn nguyên tim mạch. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: nghiên cứu cắt ngang hồi cứu hồ sơ bệnh án trên toàn bộ 35 bệnh nhân ngừng tuần hoàn do căn nguyên tim mạch từ tháng 05 năm 2015 tới tháng 12 năm 2018. Kết quả: Bệnh nhân sau liệu pháp hạ thân nhiệt: 100% gặp phải biến chứng rét run 5,7% biến chứng co giật và 14,3% biến chứng chảy máu trên lâm sàng. Chỉ số kali tăng từ 3,4 ± 0,5 mmol/l tại thời điểm nhập viện lên 4,7 ± 0,9 mmol/l vào giai đoạn làm ấm và giảm xuống 4,4 ± 1,0 mmol/l sau liệu pháp hạ thân nhiệt. Chỉ số tiểu cầu tại thời điểm nhập viện là 266 ± 61 (g/l) giảm xuống 150 ± 60 (g/l) sau liệu pháp hạ thân nhiệt (p < 0,05). Ngoại tâm thu gặp ở 2,9% bệnh nhân. 51,4% bệnh nhân có biến chứng viêm phổi do thở máy. Kết luận: Rét run, rối loạn đông máu và biến chứng nhiễm trùng là các biến chứng thường gặp ở bệnh nhân ngừng tuần hoàn sau liệu pháp hạ thân nhiệt. Trong quá trình thực hiện liệu pháp hạ thân nhiệt cần theo dõi sát, phát hiện và xử trí các biến chứng kịp thời