Play in two languages. Language alternation and code-switching in role-play in North Sámi and Norwegian
Authors: Kleemann Carola 
Published: October 2015

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mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:NO-BOK;} --> <!--[endif] --> <!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;ＭＳ 明朝&quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: NO-BOK; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="NO-BOK">This article analyses how children in a S&aacute;mi kindergarten use their languages, North S&aacute;mi and Norwegian, in everyday life. My focus is on role-play in periods of free play in a kindergarten where children speak both North S&aacute;mi and Norwegian. Role-play is a <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bilingual context</em> in that one sequence of play most often uses elements from both languages. Role-play as a situation is suitable for studying language alternation and code-switching because it is an in-group driven activity. The language alternation and code-switching which appears in role-play situations is discussed in light of theories advocating dividing code and language, viewing language choice as one of a cluster of codes used in role-play. I argue the children observed for this study have layers of codes to use. I discuss the language codes <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">North S&aacute;mi</em>, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Norwegian</em> and <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bilingual</em>, which the children use in the role-play setting; the main codes used are <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">directory utterances</em>, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">role utterances</em>, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">magical utterances</em> and <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">out-of-play-utterances</em>.&nbsp;</span><!--EndFragment-->