bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CERRAHİ HEMŞİRELERİNİN YAŞLI HASTAYA İLİŞKİN BAKIŞ AÇILARI VE TUTUMLARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: OKGÜN ALCAN Aliye , SOYER ER Özlem
Published: March 2021

Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışma, cerrahi hemşirelerinin yaşlı hastaya ilişkin bakış açıları ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın örneklemini araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden 206 cerrahi hemşiresi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri Yaşlılığa Bakış Ölçeği ve UCLA Geriatrik Tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak “Surveey” online anket sistemi aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova), Bağımsız Gruplar T Testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada hemşirelerin Yaşlılığa Bakış Ölçeği ve UCLA Geriatrik Tutum Ölçeği’nden aldıkları puan ortalamalarının sırasıyla 40.7±6.6 ve 49.6±6.3 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamına alınan cerrahi hemşirelerinin yaşlı hastalara bakış açıları ile tutumları arasında pozitif yönde zayıf bir ilişki olduğu (r=0.286, p<0.0001) saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak cerrahi hemşirelerin yaşlılara karşı bakış açılarının ve tutumlarının pozitif olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaşlılara karşı pozitif bakış açısı ve tutumun sürdürülebilmesi için lisans, lisansüstü, oryantasyon ve hizmet içi eğitim programlarında yaşlı hasta bakımı konusuna ayrıntılı bir şekilde yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride, Sodium Fluoride and GC Tooth Mousse Plus and Fluoride Varnish as an Antibacterial Agent in Childhood Caries: As a Literature Review
Authors: Qanbar Areej , Mufrrah Abdulla Abdulaziz Abdulla , Abutayyem Huda , El Din Mohamed Sally Kamal
Published: March 2021

Background: In preventive dentistry, it is important for the need to prevent rather than to treat early childhood caries and to improve the types of fluoride and application to see if the comparative efficacy is sufficient or insufficient because every type can relieve and give comfort to patients. Aims: To compare the effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF), fluoride varnish, fluoride gel and GC tooth mousse plus on Streptococcus mutants bacterial load. To evaluate the effect on the types of fluoride on caries. To compare the effect of prevention’s of early childhood caries by using different types of fluoride. Searching the databases using the keywords: sodium diamine fluoride; GC tooth mousse; fluoride varnish; fluoride gel; early childhood caries; caries; varnish; prevention. Materials and methods: 2010-December 2018, databases which were searched: MEDLINE via Ovid, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Dental specialties: pediatrics, oral preventive. Foreigner languages, editorials, letter to the editor, experimental studies with animals and Short communications were excluded from this review. Results: 2 studies assessed un-clear and need further research of SDF. 5 studies assessed that 12% of SDF has no effect but 38% has an effect with dentin and enamel with black staining as a disadvantage. 1 study showed that SDF is safe and effective compared to fluoride varnish, 2 studies showed that tooth mousse is recommended for early child caries without mentioning SDF and 3 studies found that it decreases the growth of mutants and aids in the remineralization of both enamel and dentin structure. Conclusion: To sum up this study silver diamine fluoride is effective and safe to use for preventing childhood caries than silver fluoride, GC tooth mousse and fluoride varnish, which saves time with increase accuracy and patient satisfaction.
Pengaruh Pemberitaan Media Massa terhadap Persepsi Masyarakat tentang Susu Kental Manis
Authors: W Ika Chandra , Sudarmanti Rini
Published: March 2021

Abstrak. Susu kental manis merupakan produk yang familiar di tengah masyarakat di Indonesia. Selama puluhan tahun, masyarakat merasa nyaman mengonsumsi produk ini hingga muncul berbagai pemberitaan mengenai susu kental manis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberitaan media massa terhadap persepsi ibu tentang susu kental manis serta seberapa besar pengaruh pemberitaan tersebut terhadap persepsi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei eksplanatif dengan populasi ibu dari siswa Yayasan Al-Hikmah, Tangerang Selatan. Data diambil dengan menggunakan kuisioner pada sebanyak 116 responden. Dari berbagai sumber pemberitaan mengenai susu kental manis, responden memiliki kesimpulan tersendiri mengenai inti pemberitaan. Mayoritas responden yaitu sebesar 78,4 persen menjawab poin dari berbagai pemberitaan tersebut adalah kandungan gula dalam susu kental manis. Hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberitaan media massa berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap persepsi para ibu siswa sekolah Yayasan Al-Hikmah mengenai susu kental manis. Hubungan antara pemberitaan media massa dan persepsi ibu tentang susu kental manis juga dinyatakan sebagai hubungan yang kuat. Perhitungan nilai koefisien determinasi atau R2 menghasilkan angka sebesar 0,381. Artinya pemberitaan media massa memberikan pengaruh sebesar 38,1 persen terhadap persepsi. Sedangkan sisanya yaitu sebesar 61,9 persen merupakan kontribusi variabel lain selain pemberitaan media massa.
Fungsi Komunikasi dalam Organisasi Melalui Grup Obrolan WhatsApp Civitas Academica Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Pancasila
Authors: Subekti Komarudin , Toni Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Pentingnya berkomunikasi terlihat dari perkembangan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi yang semakin inovatif. Dalam mengatasi persoalan waktu dalam berkomunikasi, kemajuan teknologi komunikasi dapat menghapuskan batas-batas geografis atau wilayah. Munculnya alat-alat elektronik dengan sistem terkini menyebabkan teknologi komunikasi berkembang dengan pesat, contohnya adalah perkembangan ponsel pintar dan teknologi internet yang memudahkan orang dalam melakukan komunikasi tanpa dibatasi jarak dan waktu. Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi juga diikuti oleh kehadiran berbagai platform aplikasi obrolan yang banyak digunakan oleh individu, kelompok, maupun organisasi sebagai media komunikasi. Salah satu aplikasi obrolan yang menjadi favorit banyak orang dan digunakan untuk melakukan komunikasi serta berinteraksi oleh masyarakat, tidak terkecuali organisasi, adalah WhatsApp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fungsi komunikasi dalam organisasi dalam grup obrolan WhatsApp Civitas Academica Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Pancasila. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif metode deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi partisipatif terhadap grup obrolan WhatsApp Civitas Academica Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Pancasila, wawancara kepada 5 informan yang berada dalam grup obrolan WhatsApp Civitas Academica Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Pancasila. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fungsi komunikasi dalam organisasi melalui grup obrolan WhatsApp Civitas Academica Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Pancasila terdiri dari 4 fungsi komunikasi, yaitu: fungsi informatif, fungsi regulatif, fungsi persuasif dan fungsi integratif, yang bertujuan untuk memberikan perintah, instruksi pekerjaan, dan laporan pekerjaan.
Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Objek Wisata Goa Lauk di Kabupaten Serang, Banten
Authors: Waluyo Lukman Saleh , Sutowo Irpan Ripa'i
Published: March 2021

Goa Lauk adalah Goa yang teletak di Desa Lebaktipar, kecamatan Cilograng kabupaten Lebak. Goa ini merupakan Goa yang memiliki ukuran besar dengan bentuk Goa bawah tanah yang dialiri oleh sungai bawah tanah yang berasal dari sungai sawarna. Goa ini telah lama menjadi bahan penelitian baik dari kalangan akademisi maupun ilmuwan, karena goa ini memiliki keunikan dan tekstur yang sangat indah, mulai dari keadaan alamnya, karang-karangnya dan segala ornamen yang terdapat di dalam goa tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi komunikasi pemasaran Objek Wisata Goa Lauk dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak komunikasi pembangunan setelah adanya Objek Wisata Goa Lauk. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kegiatan komunikasi pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh pengelola Goa Lauk sudah banyak diupayakan, namun hal tersebut belum cukup untuk mengangkat citra Goa Lauk. Pengelola menghadapi masalah utama yaitu tentang ketersediaan sumberdaya manusia dan permodalan, dimana hal tersebut sebetulnya dapat diatasi dengan alternatif-alternatif kreatif yang dapat digunakan. Goa Lauk mempunyai potensi besar untuk wisata karena sumber daya alam yang tidak banyak dimiliki di tempat lain, namun butuh upaya serius untuk mempromosikan hal tersebut. Strategi komunikasi pemasaran yang perlu ditingkatkan dengan strategi zero budget marketing.
PENGARUH KAMPANYE IKLAN #KASIHLEBIHAN GOJEK INDONESIA TERHADAP PERSEPSI PUBLIK
Authors: Gunawan Imsar - , Fauzi Alifa Aulia , Aulya Dyla , Jaya Syahrani Istiyana , Meirizka Nadya
Published: March 2021

Gojek Indonesia melakukan efisiensi untuk menekan kerugian ditengah pandemi Covid-19. Pada situasi saat ini aktivitas perekonomian mitra Gojek pun terhambat. Untuk meringankan dampak yang diterima mitra Gojek, maka Gojek Indonesia membentuk kampanye iklan #KasihLebihan. Maka untuk ini peneliti ingin melihat seberapa besar pengaruh kampanye iklan #KasihLebihan yang dilakukan Gojek Indonesia terhadap persepsi publik. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Pada penentuan sampel, peneliti menggunakan non probability sampling yang lebih tepatnya pada teknik purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan rumus Taro Yamane, sampel yang didapat berjumlah 99,99 dan dibulatkan menjadi 100. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa adanya hubungan yang kuat antara pengaruh kampanye iklan #KasihLebihan terhadap persepsi publik. Kampanye iklan #KasihLebihan mempengaruhi persepsi publik karena adanya pikiran, ketertarikan, perubahan perilaku, partisipasi, perasaan, perilaku, dan konsekuensi.
ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA GAYA KOMUNIKASI MILENIAL BAMBANG SOESATYO MELALUI YOUTUBE PODCAST
Authors: Martianto Raden Wahyu Utomo , Toni Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Kanal YouTube ‘Bamsoet Channel’ milik Bambang Soesatyo merupakan sebuah terobosan dalam sejarah kepemimpinan MPR-RI untuk menjalankan visi dan misi organisasi. Perbedaan generasi akan berimbas pada perbedaan gaya komunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberi gambaran mengenai gaya komunikasi yang diterapkan Ketua MPR-RI periode 2019-2024, Bambang Soesatyo dalam YouTube Podcast ‘Ngompol’ (Ngomong Politik). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualititatif dengan pendekatan analisis semiotika Roland Barthes. Konsep yang digunakan adalah Communicator Style Measure(CSM) dari Robert W. Norton, kemudian Tipe komunikasi pemimpin dari Tubbs & Moss. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan gambaran gaya komunikasi Bambang Soesatyo di video podcast ‘Ngompol’ (Ngomong Politik) dalam kanal YouTube  ‘Bamsoet Channel’, ditemukan enam gaya komunikasi Bambang Soesatyo yaitu Impression Leaving, Open, Friendly, Relaxed, Dramatic, dan Attentive, dengan tipe komunikasi equalitarian untuk mengatasi perbedaan gaya komunikasi antar generasi.
Patient-Specific Finite Element Models of Posterior Pedicle Screw Fixation: Effect of Screw’s Size and Geometry
Authors: Sensale Marco , Vendeuvre Tanguy , Schilling Christoph , Grupp Thomas , Rochette Michel , Dall’Ara Enrico
Published: March 2021

Pedicle screw fixation is extensively performed to treat spine injuries or diseases and it is common for thoracolumbar fractures. Post-operative complications may arise from this surgery leading to back pain or revisions. Finite element (FE) models could be used to predict the outcomes of surgeries but should be verified when both simplified and realistic designs of screws are used. The aim of this study was to generate patient-specific Computed Tomography (CT)-based FE models of human vertebrae with two pedicle screws, verify the models, and use them to evaluate the effect of the screws’ size and geometry on the mechanical properties of the screws-vertebra structure. FE models of the lumbar vertebra implanted with two pedicle screws were created from anonymized CT-scans of three patients. Compressive loads were applied to the head of the screws. The mesh size was optimized for realistic and simplified geometry of the screws with a mesh refinement study. Finally, the optimal mesh size was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the model to changes in screw’s size (diameter and length) and geometry (realistic or simplified). For both simplified and realistic models, element sizes of 0.6 mm in the screw and 1.0 mm in the bone allowed to obtain relative differences of approximately 5% or lower. Changes in screw’s length resulted in 4–10% differences in maximum deflection, 1–6% differences in peak stress in the screws, 10–22% differences in mean strain in the bone around the screw; changes in screw’s diameter resulted in 28–36% differences in maximum deflection, 6–27% differences in peak stress in the screws, and 30–47% differences in mean strain in the bone around the screw. The maximum deflection predicted with realistic or simplified screws correlated very well (R2= 0.99). The peak stress in screws with realistic or simplified design correlated well (R2= 0.82) but simplified models underestimated the peak stress. In conclusion, the results showed that the diameter of the screw has a major role on the mechanics of the screw-vertebral structure for each patient. Simplified screws can be used to estimate the mechanical properties of the implanted vertebrae, but the systematic underestimation of the peak stress should be considered when interpreting the results from the FE analyses.
Encapsulation of Fullerenes: A Versatile Approach for the Confinement and Release of Materials Within Open-Ended Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Sandoval Stefania , Tobias Gerard
Published: March 2021

We have employed fullerenes as versatile agents to “cork” the open tips of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and as promoting species for the release of the inorganic material filled within the nanotubes’ cavities. High Z element compounds, namely, PbI2, ZnI2, and CeI3, were chosen to easily determine the presence of the filler inside the hosting nanotubes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fullerenes can isolate inorganic nanostructures confined within the hollow cavities of MWCNTs, which allows the removal of the external material remnant after the filling. Otherwise, taking advantage of the affinity of fullerenes with selected solvents, we have confirmed the ability of the C60 molecules to promote the displacement of the inorganic guest from the host. We propose two different strategies to trigger the release, employing vapor and liquid phase treatments. The first protocol involves annealing filled MWCNTs in presence of fullerenes (to obtain C60PbI2@MWCNTs) and the subsequent washing of the sample in ethanol under mild conditions. On the other hand, the simultaneous introduction of the C60 molecules and the liberation of the guest are produced by a single step wet procedure; the latter being potentially useful when materials that are not stable at high temperatures are employed for filling.
QSAR Modeling for Multi-Target Drug Discovery: Designing Simultaneous Inhibitors of Proteins in Diverse Pathogenic Parasites
Authors: Kleandrova Valeria V. , Scotti Luciana , Bezerra Mendonça Junior Francisco Jaime , Muratov Eugene , Scotti Marcus T. , Speck-Planche Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Parasitic diseases remain as unresolved health issues worldwide. While for some parasites the treatments involve drug combinations with serious side effects, for others, chemical therapies are inefficient due to the emergence of drug resistance. This urges the search for novel antiparasitic agents able to act through multiple mechanisms of action. Here, we report the first multi-target model based on quantitative structure-activity relationships and a multilayer perceptron neural network (mt-QSAR-MLP) to virtually design and predict versatile inhibitors of proteins involved in the survival and/or infectivity of different pathogenic parasites. The mt-QSAR-MLP model exhibited high accuracy (>80%) in both training and test sets for the classification/prediction of protein inhibitors. Several fragments were directly extracted from the physicochemical and structural interpretations of the molecular descriptors in the mt-QSAR-MLP model. Such interpretations enabled the generation of four molecules that were predicted as multi-target inhibitors against at least three of the five parasitic proteins reported here with two of the molecules being predicted to inhibit all the proteins. Docking calculations converged with the mt-QSAR-MLP model regarding the multi-target profile of the designed molecules. The designed molecules exhibited drug-like properties, complying with Lipinski’s rule of five, as well as Ghose’s filter and Veber’s guidelines.
The Hydrogen Bike: Communicating the Production and Safety of Green Hydrogen
Authors: Glover Katherine , Rudd Jennifer A. , Jones Daniel R. , Forde Elaine , Warwick Michael E. A. , Gannon William J. F. , Dunnill Charles W.
Published: March 2021

As the international community aims to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, green hydrogen has great potential to replace methane as a clean source of fuel. A novel public engagement activity, The Hydrogen Bike, has been developed to demonstrate the production and use of green hydrogen from water. The aim of the activity is to educate, entertain and inform young people and adults so that they have an opportunity to form an opinion about the use of hydrogen as a fuel. Using a novel two-part data collection system participants are briefly surveyed for their opinion on hydrogen before and after participating in The Hydrogen Bike activity. Through this we have found that most participants (73%) are considered to have no opinion or a neutral opinion on hydrogen before participating in The Hydrogen Bike activity. After participation 88% of those who were originally neutral or had no opinion on hydrogen self-reported a positive feeling about hydrogen. The method of data collection was quick, intuitive and suitable for an audience attracted from passing footfall.
Microvascular Structural Alterations in Cancer Patients Treated With Antiangiogenic Drugs
Authors: Coschignano Maria Antonietta , De Ciuceis Carolina , Agabiti-Rosei Claudia , Brami Valeria , Rossini Claudia , Chiarini Giulia , Malerba Paolo , Famà Francesca , Cosentini Deborah , Muiesan Maria Lorenza , Salvetti Massimo , Petelca Alina , Capellini Sara , Arnoldi Chiara , Nardin Matteo , Grisanti Salvatore , Rizzoni Damiano , Berruti Alfredo , Paini Anna
Published: March 2021

Objective: Antiangiogenic therapies (tyrosine kinase inhibitors-TKI and direct anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies) are being increasingly used in the treatment of solid tumors; hypertension represents a common side effect of these agents. Several mechanisms are involved in the development of hypertension, including microvascular rarefaction and other microvascular alterations. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate whether TKI and direct anti-VEGF agents may affect the structure of retinal arterioles or capillary density.

Design and Methods: We investigated 20 patients with a diagnosis of cancer who underwent a treatment with either a TKI or an anti-VEGF antibody. Patients were submitted to ambulatory monitoring blood pressure for blood pressure evaluation. Basal and total capillary density were assessed by capillaroscopy whereas, retinal arteriole morphology was measured by Adaptive Optics. Patients were evaluated before starting the antiangiogenic therapy (T0) and re-evaluated after 3 (T3) and 6 (T6) months after treatment. Fourteen patients completed the study.

Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were similar in all patients at T3 and T6 compared to T0. However, during the study antihypertensive treatment was optimized (increased dose and/or addition of drugs) in 57% of patients (n = 8). No differences were observed in retinal arteriole structural parameters and in large artery stiffness. Basal capillary density was reduced by antiangiogenic drugs after 3 or 6 months.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that an increase of antihypertensive treatment is necessary in patients treated with a TKI or a direct VEGF inhibitor, confirming pro-hypertensive effects of these drugs. However, under adequate blood pressure control, microvascular structure seem to be partially preserved, since a worsening of basal capillary density but no changes in retinal arteriole morphology were observed.
User, Usage and Usability: Redefining Human Centric Cyber Security
Authors: Grobler Marthie , Gaire Raj , Nepal Surya
Published: March 2021

The effectiveness of cyber security measures are often questioned in the wake of hard hitting security events. Despite much work being done in the field of cyber security, most of the focus seems to be concentrated on system usage. In this paper, we survey advancements made in the development and design of the human centric cyber security domain. We explore the increasing complexity of cyber security with a wider perspective, defining user, usage and usability (3U’s) as three essential components for cyber security consideration, and classify developmental efforts through existing research works based on the human centric security design, implementation and deployment of these components. Particularly, the focus is on studies that specifically illustrate the shift in paradigm from functional and usage centred cyber security, to user centred cyber security by considering the human aspects of users. The aim of this survey is to provide both users and system designers with insights into the workings and applications of human centric cyber security.
Automated Coding of Under-Studied Medical Concept Domains: Linking Physical Activity Reports to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
Authors: Newman-Griffis Denis , Fosler-Lussier Eric
Published: March 2021

Linking clinical narratives to standardized vocabularies and coding systems is a key component of unlocking the information in medical text for analysis. However, many domains of medical concepts, such as functional outcomes and social determinants of health, lack well-developed terminologies that can support effective coding of medical text. We present a framework for developing natural language processing (NLP) technologies for automated coding of medical information in under-studied domains, and demonstrate its applicability through a case study on physical mobility function. Mobility function is a component of many health measures, from post-acute care and surgical outcomes to chronic frailty and disability, and is represented as one domain of human activity in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). However, mobility and other types of functional activity remain under-studied in the medical informatics literature, and neither the ICF nor commonly-used medical terminologies capture functional status terminology in practice. We investigated two data-driven paradigms, classification and candidate selection, to link narrative observations of mobility status to standardized ICF codes, using a dataset of clinical narratives from physical therapy encounters. Recent advances in language modeling and word embedding were used as features for established machine learning models and a novel deep learning approach, achieving a macro-averaged F-1 score of 84% on linking mobility activity reports to ICF codes. Both classification and candidate selection approaches present distinct strengths for automated coding in under-studied domains, and we highlight that the combination of (i) a small annotated data set; (ii) expert definitions of codes of interest; and (iii) a representative text corpus is sufficient to produce high-performing automated coding systems. This research has implications for continued development of language technologies to analyze functional status information, and the ongoing growth of NLP tools for a variety of specialized applications in clinical care and research.
Agreement Between the KTK3+ Test and the Athletic Skills Track for Classifying the Fundamental Movement Skills Proficiency of 6- to 12-Year-Old Children
Authors: de Niet M. , Platvoet S. W. J. , Hoeboer J. J. A. A. M. , de Witte A. M. H. , de Vries S. I. , Pion J.
Published: March 2021

The main aim of this study was to determine the agreement in classification between the modified KörperKoordinations Test für Kinder (KTK3+) and the Athletic Skills Track (AST) for measuring fundamental movement skill levels (FMS) in 6- to 12-year old children. 3,107 Dutch children (of which 1,625 are girls) between 6 and 12 years of age (9.1 ± 1.8 years) were tested with the KTK3+ and the AST. The KTK3+ consists of three items from the KTK and the Faber hand-eye coordination test. Raw scores from each subtest were transformed into percentile scores based on all the data of each grade. The AST is an obstacle course consisting of 5 (grades 3 till 5, 6–9 years) or 7 (grades 6 till 8, 9–12 years) concatenated FMS that should be performed as quickly as possible. The outcome measure is the time needed to complete the track. A significant bivariate Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.51 was found between the percentile sum score of the KTK3+ and the time to complete the AST, indicating that both tests measure a similar construct to some extent. Based on their scores, children were classified into one of five categories: <5, 5–15, 16–85, 86–95 or >95%. Cross tabs revealed an agreement of 58.8% with a Kappa value of 0.15 between both tests. Less than 1% of the children were classified more than two categories higher or lower. The moderate correlation between the KTK3+ and the AST and the low classification agreement into five categories of FMS stress the importance to further investigate the test choice and the measurement properties (i.e., validity and reliability) of both tools. PE teachers needs to be aware of the context in which the test will be conducted, know which construct of motor competence they want to measure and know what the purpose of testing is (e.g., screening or monitoring). Based on these considerations, the most appropriate assessment tool can be chosen.
Functional Network of the Long Non-coding RNA Growth Arrest-Specific Transcript 5 and Its Interacting Proteins in Senescence
Authors: Wang Siqi , Ke Shengwei , Wu Yueming , Zhang Duo , Liu Baowei , He Yao-hui , Liu Wen , Mu Huawei , Song Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2021

Increasing studies show that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in various fundamental biological processes. Long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) showed differential expressions between young and old mouse brains in our previous RNA-Seq data, suggesting its potential role in senescence and brain aging. Examination using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that GAS5 had a significantly higher expression level in the old mouse brain hippocampus region than the young one. Cellular fractionation using hippocampus-derived HT22 cell line confirmed its nucleoplasm and cytoplasm subcellular localization. Overexpression or knockdown of GAS5 in HT22 cell line revealed that GAS5 inhibits cell cycle progression and promotes cell apoptosis. RNA-Seq analysis of GAS5-knockdown HT22 cells identified differentially expressed genes related to cell proliferation (e.g., DNA replication and nucleosome assembly biological processes). RNA pull-down assay using mouse brain hippocampus tissues showed that potential GAS5 interacting proteins could be enriched into several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and some of them are involved in senescence-associated diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. These results contribute to understand better the underlying functional network of GAS5 and its interacting proteins in senescence at brain tissue and brain-derived cell line levels. Our study may also provide a reference for developing diagnostic and clinic biomarkers of GAS5 in senescence and brain aging.
Loss of Long Distance Co-Expression in Lung Cancer
Authors: Andonegui-Elguera Sergio Daniel , Zamora-Fuentes José María , Espinal-Enríquez Jesús , Hernández-Lemus Enrique
Published: March 2021

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest, most aggressive cancers. Abrupt changes in gene expression represent an important challenge to understand and fight the disease. Gene co-expression networks (GCNs) have been widely used to study the genomic regulatory landscape of human cancer. Here, based on 1,143 RNA-Seq experiments from the TCGA collaboration, we constructed GCN for the most common types of lung tumors: adenocarcinoma (TAD) and squamous cells (TSCs) as well as their respective control networks (NAD and NSC). We compared the number of intra-chromosome (cis-) and inter-chromosome (trans-) co-expression interactions in normal and cancer GCNs. We compared the number of shared interactions between TAD and TSC, as well as in NAD and NSC, to observe which phenotypes were more alike. By means of an over-representation analysis, we associated network topology features with biological functions. We found that TAD and TSC present mostly cis- small disconnected components, whereas in control GCNs, both types have a giant trans- component. In both cancer networks, we observed cis- components in which genes not only belong to the same chromosome but to the same cytoband or to neighboring cytobands. This supports the hypothesis that in lung cancer, gene co-expression is constrained to small neighboring regions. Despite this loss of distant co-expression observed in TAD and TSC, there are some remaining trans- clusters. These clusters seem to play relevant roles in the carcinogenic processes. For instance, some clusters in TAD and TSC are associated with the immune system, response to virus, or control of gene expression. Additionally, other non-enriched trans- clusters are composed of one gene and several associated pseudo-genes, as in the case of the FTH1 gene. The appearance of those common trans- clusters reflects that the gene co-expression program in lung cancer conserves some aspects for cell maintenance. Unexpectedly, 0.48% of the edges are shared between control networks; conversely, 35% is shared between lung cancer GCNs, a 73-fold larger intersection. This suggests that in lung cancer a process of de-differentiation may be occurring. To further investigate the implications of the loss of distant co-expression, it will become necessary to broaden the investigation with other omic-based approaches. However, the present approach provides a basis for future work toward an integrative perspective of abnormal transcriptional regulatory programs in lung cancer.
Heart Enhancers: Development and Disease Control at a Distance
Authors: Yuan Xuefei , Scott Ian C. , Wilson Michael D.
Published: March 2021

Bound by lineage-determining transcription factors and signaling effectors, enhancers play essential roles in controlling spatiotemporal gene expression profiles during development, homeostasis and disease. Recent synergistic advances in functional genomic technologies, combined with the developmental biology toolbox, have resulted in unprecedented genome-wide annotation of heart enhancers and their target genes. Starting with early studies of vertebrate heart enhancers and ending with state-of-the-art genome-wide enhancer discovery and testing, we will review how studying heart enhancers in metazoan species has helped inform our understanding of cardiac development and disease.
A Comprehensive View on the Human Antibody Repertoire Against Staphylococcus aureus Antigens in the General Population
Authors: Meyer Tanja C. , Michalik Stephan , Holtfreter Silva , Weiss Stefan , Friedrich Nele , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas , Kohler Christian , Schmidt Frank , Bröker Barbara M. , Völker Uwe
Published: March 2021

Our goal was to provide a comprehensive overview of the antibody response to Staphylococcus aureus antigens in the general population as a basis for defining disease-specific profiles and diagnostic signatures. We tested the specific IgG and IgA responses to 79 staphylococcal antigens in 996 individuals from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania. Using a dilution-based multiplex suspension array, we extended the dynamic range of specific antibody detection to seven orders of magnitude, allowing the precise quantification of high and low abundant antibody specificities in the same sample. The observed IgG and IgA antibody responses were highly heterogeneous with differences between individuals as well as between bacterial antigens that spanned several orders of magnitude. Some antigens elicited significantly more IgG than IgA and vice versa. We confirmed a strong influence of colonization on the antibody response and quantified the influence of sex, smoking, age, body mass index, and serum glucose on anti-staphylococcal IgG and IgA. However, all host parameters tested explain only a small part of the extensive variability in individual response to the different antigens of S. aureus.
Isolation and Characterization of Six Vibrio parahaemolyticus Lytic Bacteriophages From Seafood Samples
Authors: Tan Chia Wanq , Rukayadi Yaya , Hasan Hanan , Abdul-Mutalib Noor-Azira , Jambari Nuzul Noorahya , Hara Hirofumi , Thung Tze Young , Lee Epeng , Radu Son
Published: March 2021

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen that is frequently isolated from a variety of seafood. To control this pathogenic Vibrio spp., the implementation of bacteriophages in aquaculture and food industries have shown a promising alternative to antibiotics. In this study, six bacteriophages isolated from the seafood samples demonstrated a narrow host range specificity that infecting only the V. parahaemolyticus strains. Morphological analysis revealed that bacteriophages Vp33, Vp22, Vp21, and Vp02 belong to the Podoviridae family, while bacteriophages Vp08 and Vp11 were categorized into the Siphoviridae family. All bacteriophages were composed of DNA genome and showed distinctive restriction fragment length polymorphism. The optimal MOI for bacteriophage propagation was determined to be 0.001 to 1. One-step growth curve revealed that the latent period ranged from 10 to 20 min, and the burst size of bacteriophage was approximately 17 to 51 PFU/cell. The influence of temperature and pH levels on the stability of bacteriophages showed that all bacteriophages were optimally stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH levels. In vitro lytic activity of all bacteriophages demonstrated to have a significant effect against V. parahaemolyticus. Besides, the application of a bacteriophage cocktail instead of a single bacteriophage suspension was observed to have a better efficiency to control the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. Results from this study provided a basic understanding of the physiological and biological properties of the isolated bacteriophages before it can be readily used as a biocontrol agent against the growth of V. parahaemolyticus.
Potential Health and Performance Effects of High-Level and Low-Level Blast: A Scoping Review of Two Decades of Research
Authors: Belding Jennifer N. , Englert Robyn M. , Fitzmaurice Shannon , Jackson Jourdan R. , Koenig Hannah G. , Hunter Michael A. , Thomsen Cynthia J. , da Silva Uade Olaghere
Published: March 2021

Although blast exposure has been recognized as a significant source of morbidity and mortality in military populations, our understanding of the effects of blast exposure, particularly low-level blast (LLB) exposure, on health outcomes remains limited. This scoping review provides a comprehensive, accessible review of the peer-reviewed literature that has been published on blast exposure over the past two decades, with specific emphasis on LLB. We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of the scientific literature published between January 2000 and 2019 pertaining to the effects of blast injury and/or exposure on human and animal health. A three-level review process with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria was used. A full-text review of all articles pertaining to LLB exposure was conducted and relevant study characteristics were extracted. The research team identified 3,215 blast-relevant articles, approximately half of which (55.4%) studied live humans, 16% studied animals, and the remainder were non-subjects research (e.g., literature reviews). Nearly all (99.49%) of the included studies were conducted by experts in medicine or epidemiology; approximately half of these articles were categorized into more than one medical specialty. Among the 51 articles identified as pertaining to LLB specifically, 45.1% were conducted on animals and 39.2% focused on human subjects. Animal studies of LLB predominately used shock tubes to induce various blast exposures in rats, assessed a variety of outcomes, and clearly demonstrated that LLB exposure is associated with brain injury. In contrast, the majority of LLB studies on humans were conducted among military and law enforcement personnel in training environments and had remarkable variability in the exposures and outcomes assessed. While findings suggest that there is the potential for LLB to harm human populations, findings are mixed and more research is needed. Although it is clear that more research is needed on this rapidly growing topic, this review highlights the detrimental effects of LLB on the health of both animals and humans. Future research would benefit from multidisciplinary collaboration, larger sample sizes, and standardization of terminology, exposures, and outcomes.
Middle Frontal Gyrus and Area 55b: Perioperative Mapping and Language Outcomes
Authors: Hazem Sally Rosario , Awan Mariam , Lavrador Jose Pedro , Patel Sabina , Wren Hilary Margaret , Lucena Oeslle , Semedo Carla , Irzan Hassna , Melbourne Andrew , Ourselin Sebastien , Shapey Jonathan , Kailaya-Vasan Ahilan , Gullan Richard , Ashkan Keyoumars , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Vergani Francesco
Published: March 2021

Background:The simplistic approaches to language circuits are continuously challenged by new findings in brain structure and connectivity. The posterior middle frontal gyrus and area 55b (pFMG/area55b), in particular, has gained a renewed interest in the overall language network.

Methods:This is a retrospective single-center cohort study of patients who have undergone awake craniotomy for tumor resection. Navigated transcranial magnetic simulation (nTMS), tractography, and intraoperative findings were correlated with language outcomes.

Results:Sixty-five awake craniotomies were performed between 2012 and 2020, and 24 patients were included. nTMS elicited 42 positive responses, 76.2% in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and hesitation was the most common error (71.4%). In the pMFG/area55b, there were seven positive errors (five hesitations and two phonemic errors). This area had the highest positive predictive value (43.0%), negative predictive value (98.3%), sensitivity (50.0%), and specificity (99.0%) among all the frontal gyri. Intraoperatively, there were 33 cortical positive responses—two (6.0%) in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), 15 (45.5%) in the MFG, and 16 (48.5%) in the IFG. A total of 29 subcortical positive responses were elicited−21 in the deep IFG–MFG gyri and eight in the deep SFG–MFG gyri. The most common errors identified were speech arrest at the cortical level (20 responses−13 in the IFG and seven in the MFG) and anomia at the subcortical level (nine patients—eight in the deep IFG–MFG and one in the deep MFG–SFG). Moreover, 83.3% of patients had a transitory deterioration of language after surgery, mainly in the expressive component (p= 0.03). An increased number of gyri with intraoperative positive responses were related with better preoperative (p= 0.037) and worse postoperative (p= 0.029) outcomes. The involvement of the SFG–MFG subcortical area was related with worse language outcomes (p= 0.037). Positive nTMS mapping in the IFG was associated with a better preoperative language outcome (p= 0.017), relating to a better performance in the expressive component, while positive mapping in the MFG was related to a worse preoperative receptive component of language (p= 0.031).

Conclusion:This case series suggests that the posterior middle frontal gyrus, including area 55b, is an important integration cortical hub for both dorsal and ventral streams of language.
Operation-Specific Lexical Consistency Effect in Fronto-Insular-Parietal Network During Word Problem Solving
Authors: Ng Chan-Tat , Lung Tzu-Chen , Chang Ting-Ting
Published: March 2021

The practice of mathematical word problem is ubiquitous and thought to impact academic achievement. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigate how lexical consistency of word problem description is modulated in adults' brain responses during word problem solution. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging methods, we examined compare word problems that included relational statements, such as “A dumpling costs 9 dollars. A wonton is 2 dollars less than a dumpling. How much does a wonton cost?” and manipulated lexical consistency (consistent: the relational term consistent with the operation to be performed, e.g., more—addition/inconsistent: e.g., less—addition) and problem operation (addition/subtraction). We found a consistency by operation interaction in the widespread fronto-insular-parietal activations, including the anterior insula, dorsoanterior cingulate cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and intraparietal sulcus, such that inconsistent problems engaged stronger activations than consistent problems for addition, whereas the consistency effect was inverse for subtraction. Critically, these results were more salient in the less successful problem solvers than their more successful peers. Our study is the first to demonstrate that lexical consistency effects on arithmetic neural networks are modulated during reading word problem that required distinct arithmetic operations. More broadly, our study has strong potentials to add linkage between neuroscience and education by remediating deficits and enhance instruction design in the school curriculum.
SODA MAPS: A Framework for Understanding Caffeinated Sugary Drink Consumption Among Children
Authors: Halberg Sabrina E. , Visek Amanda J. , Blake Emily F. , Essel Kofi D. , Sacheck Jennifer , Sylvetsky Allison C.
Published: March 2021

Excess sugary drink (SD) consumption is associated with childhood obesity and development of cardiometabolic disease. In addition to having high added sugar content, many SDs also contain caffeine, which may further encourage excess SD consumption among children. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual framework of children's caffeinated SD consumption using group concept mapping, an applied social research multimethodology that collectively harnesses qualitative and quantitative data from participants to generate a visual representation of their ideas and input. Children, 8–14 years old, who reported consuming ≥12 ounces of caffeinated SDs (e.g., sodas, sweet teas) per day were recruited throughout Washington, D.C. and invited to participate. Concept mapping included three participant-driven activities: (1) brainstorming (n = 51), during which children reported reasons for their SD consumption, from which 58 unique reasons were identified; (2) sorting (n = 70), during which children sorted each of the reported reasons into categories and named each category; and (3) rating (n = 74), during which children rated the influence of each reason on their own caffeinated SD consumption. Similarity matrices, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to generate concept maps (hereafter “SODA MAPS”), which display the 58 reasons organized within eight overarching clusters. Among these eight clusters, Taste and Feel, Something to Do, and Energy were rated as particularly influential. Children's caffeinated SD consumption is encouraged not only by the palatable taste and reported preferences for these beverages (e.g., Taste and Feel), but also by psychological (e.g., Mood and Focus), biological (e.g., Energy), social (e.g., Something to Do) and environmental reasons (e.g., Nothing Better Available). Thus, the SODA MAPS can inform the development of tailored, multi-level SD reduction interventions that incorporate strategies to address important and currently overlooked reasons for caffeinated SD consumption among children.
Effect of Roasting on the Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Composition, and Nutritional Quality of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Seeds
Authors: Peng Mengyao , Lu Dan , Liu Jie , Jiang Bo , Chen Jingjing
Published: March 2021

In recent years, with the increasing awareness of health concerns and environment protection needs, there is a growing interest for consumers to choose plant-based food diets compared with those made from animal origin. Pumpkin seed is an excellent dietary source for protein, oil, and some essential micronutrients. Raw pumpkin seed may have a compromised flavor, color, as well as digestibility. Therefore, the objective of present study is to study the influence of roasting (120, 160, and 200°C for 10 min) on the phenolics content, flavonoids content, antioxidant property, fatty acids, and volatile matter composition, as well as protein profile of pumpkin seeds. Our results indicated that, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids content, as a consequence, total antioxidant capacity increased as the roasting temperature increased. Maillard reaction products and lipid peroxidation products were identified, especially from those pumpkin seeds roasted at high temperature. In the meantime, the composition and content of fatty acids did not change significantly after roasting. The results of electrophoresis and particle size analysis showed that the optimum roasting temperature was 160°C to obtain protein with better nutritional quality. The findings of this study may contribute to the utilization of pumpkin seed component in plant-based diets with increased nutritional quality.
Bispecific c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T Cells Have Enhanced Therapeutic Effects on Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Wei , Li Tao , Guo Jiaojiao , Wang Jingjing , Jia Lizhou , shi Xiao , Yang Tingting , Jiao Ruonan , Wei Xin , Feng Zhenqing , Tang Qi , Ji Guozhong
Published: March 2021

T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors, especially CD19 CAR-T cells have exhibited effective antitumor activities in B cell malignancies, but due to several factors such as antigen escape effects and tumor microenvironment, their curative potential in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been encouraging. To reduce the antigen escape risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, this study was to design and construct a bispecific CAR targeting c-Met and PD-L1. c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells were obtained by lentiviral transfection, and the transfection efficiency was monitored by flow cytometry analysis. LDH release assays were used to elucidate the efficacy of c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In addition, xenograft models bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma were constructed to detect the antitumor effect of c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells in vivo. The results shown that this bispecific CAR was manufactured successfully, T cells modified with this bispecific CAR demonstrated improved antitumor activities against c-Met and PD-L1 positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells when compared with those of monovalent c-Met CAR-T cells or PD-L1 CAR-T cells but shown no distinct cytotoxicity on hepatocytes in vitro. In vivo experiments shown that c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and improve survival persistence compared with other groups. These results suggested that the design of single-chain, bi-specific c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T is more effective than that of monovalent c-Met CAR-T for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma., and this bi-specific c-Met/PD-L1 CAR is rational and implementable with current T-cell engineering technology.