bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of New Xanthene and Acridine Derivatives from Cyclohexan-1,3-dione
and the Study of their Antiproliferative Activities
Authors: Ibrahim Rehab A. , Mohareb Rafat M.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Ionic immobilized liquids and multi-component reactions are integral to
green chemistry, facilitating the synthesis of biologically active compounds, such as xanthene and
acridine derivatives. These approaches have garnered significant attention in recent years.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to synthesize novel xanthene and acridine derivatives with diverse
substituents and heterocyclic rings. Furthermore, the research sought to evaluate their anticancer
activity against various cancer cell lines and analyze their structure-activity relationships
(SAR) to determine how structural modifications impact their biological effectiveness.

Method:

The core compounds in this study were synthesized from cyclohexane-1,3-dione and triethoxymethane
under two distinct reaction conditions. The first involved the use of a solvent with
either Et₃N or NH₄OAc as a catalyst, while the second employed a solvent-free approach using an
ionic liquid catalyst (ILs).

Results:

The anti-proliferative activity of all synthesized compounds was evaluated against six selected
cancer cell lines, revealing that many compounds exhibited significant inhibitory effects. Furthermore,
their inhibitory potential against tyrosine kinases and Pim-1 kinases was assessed, along
with an investigation of their mechanism of action on tyrosine kinases.

Conclusion:

The anti-proliferative activity of the newly synthesized compounds was evaluated
against six cancer cell lines. Many of the compounds exhibited strong inhibitory effects not only
against the tested cancer cell lines but also against tyrosine kinases and Pim-1 kinases.
Emerging MRI Biomarkers for Prognostication in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Singh Apekshya , Li Xiao-Fu , Shi Sheng-Ming , Liu Han , Wu Yu-peng , Nirala Sanjeev
Published: October 2024

Rectal cancer is a significant health concern with substantial morbidity and mortality
rates. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management
of rectal cancer, providing detailed anatomical and functional information. However, traditional
MRI techniques have limitations in prognosticating tumor behavior and treatment response. The
study emphasizes the importance of emerging techniques such as Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI),
mrDEC scoring system, Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), Radiomics, and Machine
Learning. By examining recent research and clinical trials, we aim to offer a comprehensive
overview of the current landscape, challenges, and future directions associated with the incorporation
of these MRI biomarkers in predicting outcomes for rectal cancer patients. This review paper
aims to provide an overview of the emerging MRI biomarkers that hold the potential for prognostication
of rectal cancer.
Integrating Organ-on-chip Models In Drug Discovery: A Comprehensive Review on Innovations and Implications
Authors: Seenivasan Raagul , Marimuthu Anitha , Pachiyappan Jey Kumar , Ganesh Gonna Nandhi Krishnan
Published: October 2024

This review article examines the current developments in applying microfluidic technologies
in cancer therapy and personalized medicine. This includes the fabrication of cancer cells
onto the microfluidic chips, preclinical cancer model simulation development, biomarker detection,
tumor heterogeneity detection, integration of microfluidics in robotic drug delivery systems,
Artificial Intelligence (AI), and discuss the use of techniques such as Machine Learning (ML) to
predict pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cancer cells. This review article also highlights
how integrating cancer models with microfluidic devices helps to simulate disease progression
more accurately, thereby improving treatment options. These devices also enable researchers
to identify suitable doses for cancer treatment. Moreover, microfluidics chips facilitate cell transformation
in many types of cancer, which is important for patient-specific therapy. Microfluidics
technology in robotic drug delivery enables precise delivery of targeted drugs, thus reducing the
potential side effects of the drugs. Integrating these fields into the medical and pharmaceutical
fields helps researchers to develop the pharmaceutical product faster than the traditional method
of drug discovery. Overall, this review article highlights the integration of interdisciplinary technologies
in the healthcare field, which may decrease the timeline of drug discovery and provide efficient
drugs to patients.
Therapeutic Role of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Cirrhosis
Authors: Jiang Hai-Tang , Ye Hao-Ming , Yu Hua-Yang , Zhu Yi-Ping , Hu Ming-Yu , He Man-Li , Li Wei-Yao , Yu Ze-Hui , Yang Qian , He Lv-Qin , Gu Cong-Wei
Published: October 2024

NASH cirrhosis is a late-stage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized
by high morbidity, high relapse rate, and high mortality, which is clinical to treat. Presently, liver
transplantation is the most effective radical treatment, but it is difficult to be widely carried out
due to the problems of large surgical trauma, lack of liver donors, and strong immunological rejection.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a type of stem cell with characteristics
of self-replication, multidirectional differentiation, and easy accessibility. The use of BMSCs for
cell transplantation therapy has the advantages of fewer complications and significant efficacy,
and it has become an important option for cell transplantation therapy, especially for liver diseases.
In this paper, we will review the studies related to the use of BMSCs for the treatment of
NASH cirrhosis in recent years.
Safety Profile of Statins for Post-Marketing Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Gong Junjie , Liu Ziyu , Liu Yuheng , He Anqi , Wang Zengguang
Published: October 2024

Aims and objectives:

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the association
of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins)
with neurological adverse events using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting
System (FAERS) database, with the aim of guiding the rational use of statins.

Methods:

The number and clinical characteristics of adverse events (AEs) to statins in the FAERS
database between 2012 and March, 2023, were extracted. Neurological AEs were defined by the
system organ classes (SOCs) of “Nervous System Disorders (10029205)” and the corresponding
PT. Disproportionality was calculated using the reporting dominance ratio (ROR), proportional reporting
ratio (PRR), and information component (IC025).

Results:

Between January, 2012 and March, 2023, a total of 90,357 AEs were reported for the
three statins (atorvastatin, resuvastatin, and simvastatin). The majority of reports on AEs came
from the United States (n = 7284). A total of 8409 reports described neurological AEs following
the use of the three statins, with atorvastatin accounting for more than half of the reports (n =
4430). The mean age of patients who developed neurological AEs was 55 years and older. The prevalence
was similar in female patients (2230/4480) and male patients (1999/4480). Disproportionate
analyses showed that at the SOC level, only the correlation between atorvastatin and neurological
AEs suggested a positive signal (ROR: 9.77 (9.56-9.99); IC025: 3.28; PRR (χ2): 9.76
(16.07)) and in total, there were 32 PTs with a positive signal. The median time for neurological
AEs was 71 days (IQR: 14-559 days), and the most common AEs were other serious effects (important
medical event) (OT) (n = 2283) and hospitalization (HO) (n = 715).

Conclusion:

This study suggests that atorvastatin may be associated with an increased risk of neurological
AEs. This study provides realistic evidence of the potential risk of statin-related adverse
events.
The Constituents Analysis and the Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Chinese Medicine: Kanglao Concoction
Authors: Liu Shuang , Ma Yihan , Li Xunuo , Zhang Xiaoqin , Dong Jingxuan , Mao Jiale , Zhang Linlin , Zhang Zunjing
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The Chinese medicine, Kanglao concoction has been used clinically to treat
tuberculosis. However, its constituents and anti-inflammatory activity have not been fully understood.

Method:

In this study, HPLC-MS2 has been employed to determine the main constituents in the concoction.
The anti-inflammatory activity has been investigated by ELISA and Western Blot techniques.
The MS analysis revealed that tigogenin and afzelin were two main constituents in Kanglao
concoction.

Result:

Moreover, the result of ELISA experiments showed that Kanglao concoction significantly
reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β at 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL to inhibit inflammation.

Conclusion:

The expression of Notch pathway-related proteins in A549 cells increased under the
stimulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and decreased dose-dependently upon the treatment of
Kanglao concoction, which was deduced to inhibit Notch pathway expression to impose antiinflammatory
activity.
The Biological Changes of Synaptic Plasticity in the Pathological Process of Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy
Authors: Yang Lin , Li Jin , Liu Fuhong , Chai Xin , Fang Zongping , Zhang Xijing
Published: October 2024

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a form of cognitive and psychological impairment
resulting from sepsis, which occurs without any central nervous system infection or structural
brain injury. Patients may experience long-term cognitive deficits and psychiatric disorders even after
discharge. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. As cognitive function and mental
disease are closely related to synaptic plasticity, it is presumed that alterations in synaptic plasticity
play an essential role in the pathological process of SAE. Here, we present a systematic description of
the pathogenesis of SAE, which is primarily driven by glial cell activation and subsequent release of
inflammatory mediators. Additionally, we elucidate the alterations in synaptic plasticity that occur
during SAE and comprehensively discuss the roles played by glial cells and inflammatory factors in
this process. In this review, we mainly discuss the synaptic plasticity of SAE, and the main aim is to
show the consequences of SAE on inflammatory factors and how they affect synaptic plasticity. This
review may enhance our understanding of the mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction and provide
valuable insights into identifying appropriate therapeutic targets for SAE.
3D yazıcı destekli proje uygulamalarının öğretmen adaylarının bilimsel yaratıcılık düzeyleri ile materyal geliştirmeye yönelik öz-yeterlik inançları üzerindeki etkisi
Authors: Çetin Ahmet , Şaşmaz Ören Fatma , Evrekli Ertuğ , Karapınar Ayşegül , Şerenli Emrullah , Şahin Feride , Varol İbrahim , Bekmezci Sinan , Ateş Ali Murat
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada fen öğretimi ve laboratuvar uygulamaları 2 dersinde 3D yazıcı destekli proje uygulamalarının fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının bilimsel yaratıcılık düzeyleri ile materyal geliştirme öz-yeterlik inanç düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, üçüncü sınıf fen öğretimi ve laboratuvar uygulamaları 2 dersinde öğrenim gören katılımcılar ile deney öncesi modellerden tek grup ön test son test desen kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir (n=14). Uygulama bir dönem ve on dört hafta boyunca sürdürülmüştür. Çalışmada Hu ve Adey (2002) tarafından geliştirilen bilimsel yaratıcılık ölçeği kullanılmış ve materyal geliştirmeye yönelik öz-yeterlik inanç ölçeği araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Söz konusu ölçme araçları çalışma grubuna ön test ve son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda öğretmen adaylarının, bilimsel yaratıcılık (z=2.63; p=0.08<.05) ve materyal geliştirmeye yönelik öz-yeterlik inanç ölçeğinden (z=3.24; p=.001<.05) almış oldukları son test puanlarının ön teste göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca bilimsel yaratıcılık ölçeğinden alınan puanlar ölçeğin alt boyutlarına göre değerlendirildiğinde öğretmen adaylarının orijinallik (z=2,26; p=.024<.05), esneklik (z=2,15; p=.032<.05) ve akıcılık (z=2,81; p=.005<.05) alt boyutlarında son test puanlarının ön test puanlarına göre anlamlı düzeyde arttığı, bununla birlikte işlevsellik alt boyutuna yönelik ön test son test puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir (z=1,31; p=.190>.05).
Boost 4 Career: programa a distância de promoção da empregabilidade de estudantes do ensino superior
Authors: Monteiro Sílvia , Seabra Filipa , Almeida Leandro S. , Santos Sandra , Silva Ana Daniela Santos Cruzinha Soares , Sampaio Célia Isabel Carvalho
Published: October 2024

O programa Boost for Career é um programa de intervenção a distância destinado à promoção dos recursos de carreira de estudantes do ensino superior.
The impact of distance learning on tourism and hospitality education during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Region VI, Western Visayas
Authors:   College of Management, Northern Iloilo State University, Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines, Galon Denzil I.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of the shift from face-to-face to distance learning during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on tourism and hospitality education in colleges and universities in Region VI, Western Visayas. It compares the effects on academic performance and learning styles of students in different educational modes. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods, using mobile and electronic online surveys with 292 participants from tourism and hospitality courses in Region VI. The study examines how students coped with the sudden use of technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), and their readiness for this abrupt shift. The pandemic led to psychological effects on students' academic performance as the educational system transitioned from traditional in-person learning to utilizing hardware, software, and learning resources to maintain effective education. The results indicate that academic motivation was "Average," study skills were "Moderately Low," and academic stress was "Average" across higher education institutions. A hybrid model of education and digital learning emerged, widening educational gaps due to the sudden shift in classroom activities. The pandemic reshaped national education delivery, affecting millions of private and public education students due to institutional closures. Students relied on on-hand modules and online learning through flexible or blended learning approaches, significantly impacting tourism and hospitality education and different educational modalities.
Sensors for Smoking Detection in Epidemiological Research: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Favara Giuliana , Barchitta Martina , Maugeri Andrea , Magnano San Lio Roberta , Agodi Antonella
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The use of wearable sensors is being explored as a challenging way to accurately identify smoking behaviors by measuring physiological and environmental factors in real-life settings. Although they hold potential benefits for aiding smoking cessation, no single wearable device currently achieves high accuracy in detecting smoking events. Furthermore, it is crucial to emphasize that this area of study is dynamic and requires ongoing updates.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aims to map the scientific literature for identifying the main sensors developed or used for tobacco smoke detection, with a specific focus on wearable sensors, as well as describe their key features and categorize them by type.

METHODS

According to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) protocol, an electronic search was conducted on the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases, using the following keywords: (“biosensors” OR “biosensor” OR “sensors” OR “sensor” OR “wearable”) AND (“smoking” OR “smoke”).

RESULTS

Among a total of 37 studies included in this scoping review published between 2012 and March 2024, 16 described sensors based on wearable bands, 15 described multisensory systems, and 6 described other strategies to detect tobacco smoke exposure. Included studies provided details about the design or application of wearable sensors based on an elastic band to detect different aspects of tobacco smoke exposure (eg, arm, wrist, and finger movements, and lighting events). Some studies proposed a system composed of different sensor modalities (eg, Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker [PACT], PACT 2.0, and AutoSense).

CONCLUSIONS

Our scoping review has revealed both the obstacles and opportunities linked to wearable devices, offering valuable insights for future research initiatives. Tackling the recognized challenges and delving into potential avenues for enhancement could elevate wearable devices into even more effective tools for aiding smoking cessation. In this context, continuous research is essential to fine-tune and optimize these devices, guaranteeing their practicality and reliability in real-world applications.
An Online Tailored COVID-19 Vaccination Decision Aid for Dutch Citizens: Development, Dissemination, and Use (Preprint)
Authors: Preuhs Katharina , Bussink-Voorend Daphne , van Keulen Hilde M , Wildeman Ilona , Hautvast Jeannine , Hulscher Marlies , van Empelen Pepijn
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Since December 2019, COVID-19 led to a pandemic causing many hospitalizations and deaths. Vaccinations were developed and introduced to control viral transmission. In the Dutch context, the decision to accept vaccination is not mandatory. An informed decision is based on sufficient and reliable information, in line with one’s attitudes and values, and with consideration of pros and cons. To support people in informed decision-making, we developed an online COVID-19 vaccination decision aid (DA).

OBJECTIVE

This article aims to describe the development, dissemination, and use of the DA.

METHODS

Building on a previously developed DA, the COVID-19 vaccination DA was developed in 3 phases following a user-centered design approach: (1) definition phase, (2) concept testing, and (3) prototype testing. End users, individuals with low literacy, and experts (with relevant expertise on medical, behavioral, and low literacy aspects) were involved in the iterative development, design, and testing, with their feedback forming the basis for adaptations to the DA.

RESULTS

The DA was developed within 14 weeks. The DA consists of 3 modules, namely, Provide Information, Support Decision-Making, and Facilitate Actions Following a Decision. These modules are translated into various information tiles and diverse functionalities such as a knowledge test, a value clarification tool using a decisional balance, and a communication tool. The DA was disseminated for use in May 2021. Users varied greatly regarding age, gender, and location in the Netherlands.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper elaborates on the development of the COVID-19 vaccination DA in a brief period and its dissemination for use among Dutch adults in the Netherlands. The evaluation of use showed that we were able to reach a large proportion and variety of people throughout the Netherlands.
Discriminant Power of Smartphone-Derived Keystroke Dynamics for Mild Cognitive Impairment Compared to a Neuropsychological Screening Test: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Park Jin-Hyuck
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Conventional neuropsychological screening tools for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) face challenges in terms of accuracy and practicality. Digital health solutions, such as unobtrusively capturing smartphone interaction data, offer a promising alternative. However, the potential of digital biomarkers as a surrogate for MCI screening remains unclear, with few comparisons between smartphone interactions and existing screening tools.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of smartphone-derived keystroke dynamics, captured via the Neurokeys keyboard app, in distinguishing patients with MCI from healthy controls (HCs). This study also compared the discriminant performance of these digital biomarkers against the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), which is widely used for MCI detection in clinical settings.

METHODS

A total of 64 HCs and 47 patients with MCI were recruited. Over a 1-month period, participants generated 3530 typing sessions, with 2740 (77.6%) analyzed for this study. Keystroke metrics, including hold time and flight time, were extracted. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of keystroke dynamics in discriminating between HCs and patients with MCI. This study also explored the correlation between keystroke dynamics and MoCA-K scores.

RESULTS

Patients with MCI had significantly higher keystroke latency than HCs (P<.001). In particular, latency between key presses resulted in the highest sensitivity (97.9%) and specificity (96.9%). In addition, keystroke dynamics were significantly correlated with the MoCA-K (hold time: r=–.468; P<.001; flight time: r=–.497; P<.001), further supporting the validity of these digital biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings highlight the potential of smartphone-derived keystroke dynamics as an effective and ecologically valid tool for screening MCI. With higher sensitivity and specificity than the MoCA-K, particularly in measuring flight time, keystroke dynamics can serve as a noninvasive, scalable, and continuous method for early cognitive impairment detection. This novel approach could revolutionize MCI screening, offering a practical alternative to traditional tools in everyday settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20220415002; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20220415002
Shifts in patterns in influenza virus and RSV infections in Korea after the COVID-19 pandemic resulting from immunity debt (Preprint)
Authors: Park Minah , Choi Won Suk , Cowling Benjamin
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as mask-wearing and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the transmission of respiratory viruses. The "immunity debt" theory suggests that decreased exposure to pathogens during this period may have led to increased susceptibility and severity of these viruses once restrictions were lifted. However, the post-pandemic impact of NPIs on the burden of these viruses, particularly in young children, remains underexplored.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology and clinical burden of influenza and RSV in Korea, focusing on changes in incidence, timing, and severity of infections in children.

METHODS

We analyzed weekly virologic, outpatient, and inpatient surveillance data for influenza and RSV from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) from 2017 to 2024, covering pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. Time-series analyses were conducted to assess trends in incidence and clinical severity across age groups before and after the pandemic.

RESULTS

Pre-pandemic seasons showed typical winter peaks for both influenza and RSV, with RSV epidemics occurring slightly earlier. Post-pandemic, RSV returned in 2021/22 with delayed and prolonged epidemic peaks, whereas influenza did not resurface until the 2022/23 season. The overall burden of both influenza and RSV was reduced in post-pandemic seasons, though the proportion of severe RSV cases increased among children aged 1-6 years, consistent with the "immunity debt" hypothesis. Hospitalization rates for influenza, however, increased in older children aged 7-18 years post-pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

The patterns of influenza and RSV infections in Korea following the COVID-19 pandemic reveal distinct shifts in timing, severity, and affected age groups. Substantial increases in susceptibility among younger children for RSV and older children for influenza, potentially due to immunity gaps highlight the lasting impacts of pandemic-related disruptions on population immunity and respiratory disease transmission patterns. Ongoing surveillance and targeted public health measures remain critical to understanding and managing seasonal respiratory viruses in a post-pandemic context.
First experience of endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in the wounded with hemorrhagic shock during the war in Ukraine
Authors: Gumeniuk K.V. , Sivash Yu.Yu. , Rogovskyi V.M. , Beshley D.M. , Slobodianiuk А.Т.
Published: October 2024

Background. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used worldwide to stop bleeding in trauma and wounds in patients with hemorrhagic shock. REBOA allows for the hemodynamic stabilization, patient transportation and final bleeding control. The study aims to demonstrate the capabilities of REBOA as a method of bleeding control in the wounded with hemorrhagic shock in the context of war in Ukraine. Materials and methods. Five AFU servicemen who sustained mine-blast wounds in the Eastern Ukraine as a result of shelling by Russian troops were delivered with signs of internal bleeding and hemorrhagic shock to the primary and secondary levels of medical care (Role 1, 2). The REBOA balloon catheter was inserted and inflated by surgeons working in stabilization centers or advanced surgical teams. Upon admission, all patients underwent chest and abdominal ultrasound according to the FAST protocol. We used COBRA-OS 4 Fr and ER-REBOA 7 Fr balloon catheters. The positioning of the balloon in the aorta was performed according to external anatomical landmarks (3 cases) and ultrasound (2 cases). In all clinical cases, the balloon catheter was placed in zone I. In one case, the balloon was moved from zone I to zone III (control of the source of bleeding). The duration of aortic occlusion ranged from 15 to 50 minutes. Immediately after removal of the introducer, manual compression of the puncture site was used (3 cases) or suturing of the arteriotomy (2 cases). Results. The sources of bleeding in our clinical cases were injuries of the iliac vessels (2 cases), the renal artery (1 case), and injuries of the inferior vena cava and liver (2 cases). Four patients were evacuated to a higher level of medical care after the REBOA was installed. In one case, there were complications from vascular access (femoral artery thrombosis). We were unable to save one wounded soldier, most likely due to the delay in evacuation from the previous stage, the severity of injury, and massive blood loss. Conclusions. As our observations have shown, the use of REBOA in combat conditions allows not only to stabilize hemodynamics in the wounded with severe combined trauma and bleeding but also to conduct a successful evacuation to a higher level of medical care to stop bleeding ultimately. REBOA can be successfully used at the prehospital stage. This requires clearly defined indications for the technique’s use, training of medical personnel, and provision of balloon catheters to medical units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Analysis of risk factors for the development of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients after aortic valve replacement with myocardial revascularization
Authors: Boiko K.S. , Todurov B.M.
Published: October 2024

Background. Acquired aortic valve disease and coronary heart disease often occur together, and almost two thirds of patients with aortic valve stenosis have severe coronary heart disease. Given the presence of both pathologies, this cohort of patients requires an individual diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The aim of the study was to analyze risk factors for the development of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients after aortic valve replacement with myocardial revascularization. Materials and methods. For this study, a selection of disease histories of adult patients (over 18 years old) who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) together with myocardial revascularization at the State Institution “Heart Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” from 2018 to 2022 was carried out. Results. We selected 130 case histories of patients who underwent SAVR together with myocardial revascularization: the first group (n = 51) — a combination of SAVR and percutaneous coronary interventions; the second group (n = 79) — a combination of SAVR and coronary artery bypass grafting. The analysis of intraoperative data showed that the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping in patients of the first group was significantly lower, by 1.5 times (p = 0.0001) and 1.4 times (p = 0.0001), compared to the second group. There was no significant difference between the study groups regarding the frequency of MACCE (p = 0.589). Reliable risk factors for the development of MAССE in the early postoperative period were the evaluation of the operative risk according to the EuroSCORE II scale (odds ratio (OR) 2.13, confidence interval (CI) 1.54–4.48, p = 0.012), the history of myocardial infarction (OR 1.43, CI 1.13–2.45, p = 0.002) and right coronary artery damage (OR 1.79, CI 1.44–3.78, p = 0.021). Conclusions. Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions before SAVR were characterized by a shorter duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping, however, no significant difference in major early postoperative complications was observed between the study groups. In particular, there were no significant differences regarding the frequency of MACCE in the early postoperative period.
Injury of the musculoskeletal system in civilian casualties as a result of hostilities. Report 1. Age structure
Authors: Guryev S.O. , Tanasiienko P.V. , Derkach R.V.
Published: October 2024

The integration of the military medical supply system into the unified medical space of Ukraine involves the functional combination of forces and means of medical services and the civilian health care system in order to maximize their capabilities for effective medical supply of the troops while preserving organizational independence. The purpose of our study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of civilian patients with trauma due to modern hostilities. Materials and methods. To carry out our work, we analyzed skeletal traumas in 137 civilian patients who were injured during modern hostilities in Ukraine and were treated in health care facilities of the frontline zone in 2014–2023. Results. Comparing epidemiological data in two different periods of the war in Ukraine, we concluded that there is some difference in the age structure of victims with traumatic injuries sustained during modern hostilities. Thus, during the high-intensity conflict, the number of children’s injuries increased dramatically. The share of victims under the age of 15 during the full-scale invasion increased 4.5 times. In this period, the percentage of young and middle-aged wounded civilians decreased. If in the period of Anti-Terrorist Operation/Joint Forces Operation the number of people aged 16–60 was 67.6 %, then with the beginning of hostilities their share decreased to 42.0 %. This trend indicates the strengthening of internal and external migration starting from February 2022. Unlike the young and middle-aged, the share of elderly and senile people increased dramatically during the full-scale war. During the period of low-intensity military operations, the number of patients aged 61–91 was 29.4 %, while during high-intensity conflict, it was already 44.8 %. A sharp increase in traumatic injuries among elderly and senile patients is another feature of this conflict. Conclusions. Publicizing the experience of providing medical care to patients with injuries sustained due to military actions in Ukraine is only at the beginning of its existence. That is why, based on the above, we planned to continue scientific research on this problem.
Assessment of fluid responsiveness as a component of hemodynamic monitoring in the operating room and intensive care unit
Authors: Matolinets N.V. , Yakymenko I.I.
Published: October 2024

Fluid therapy is a critical, and often primary treatment modality in the management of various critical conditions. Like any therapeutic intervention, intravenous fluids require precise indications, contraindications, and dosing, all determined through the assessment of a patient’s volume status. Hemodynamic assessment plays a pivotal role in the treatment of critically ill patients, enabling clinicians to administer appropriate fluid therapy and cardiovascular support to optimize tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Traditional methods of assessing fluid responsiveness, which are predominantly static such as central venous pressure and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, often fall short in their predictive accuracy under dynamic clinical conditions. Consequently, there is a growing interest in dynamic methods of fluid responsiveness assessment, which analyze cardiovascular response to specific preload changes. This literature review aims to explore various dynamic methods of hemodynamic assessment, discussing their advantages and limitations based on sources from databases like PubMed and MEDLINE.
Traffic injury as a medical and sanitary consequence of an emergency of man-made nature in Ukraine. Report four: analysis and characterization of the array of victims depending on the volume of damage
Authors: Guryev S.O. , Kushnir V.A. , Soloviov O.S. , Kushnir H.P.
Published: October 2024

Background. Road traffic injuries always remain a significant medical and social problem for all mankind, and in Ukraine even during the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study: to determine the clinical and nosological characteristics of victims of road traffic accidents according to the extent of damage in road users. Materials and methods. This article is a continuation of the cycle of publications that were previously published in the journal “Emergency Medicine”, that is, it is a component of a comprehensive study. The actual material of the study were 1,696 cases of road traffic injuries formed by the method of irreversible randomization. The resulting array was formed from victims who were injured in the conditions of a metropolis, a regional city, and a rural area. Results. The conducted analysis found that in the total body of the study, 78.25 % of victims of traffic accidents had damage of up to three anatomical and functional areas (AFAs). Greater damage (4–6 AFAs) occurs in 21.75 % of patients. In the array of those who survived, 79.71 % had damage to 4–6 AFAs, in the array of the dead — 34.68 %. The highest mortality rate is 27.78 % when six AFAs are damaged, and the lowest — with one injured AFA (2.37 %). It was also found that among the “drivers” traffic participants, victims with damage to two (31.56 %) and three AFAs (25.58 %) have the highest specific weight. Among the “passengers” traffic participants, victims with damage to two (33.73 %) and one AFA (26.56 %) have the highest specific weight. Among the “pedestrians” traffic participants, victims with damage to two (29.74 %) and three AFAs (25.15 %) have the highest percentage. Conclusions. 1. It was found that a large amount of damage in general causes a greater threat to the life of a victim of traffic accidents, but the trend is non-linear, that is, the survival is affected by other risk-creating factors. 2. All traffic participants in general have a relatively smaller injury (damage to 1–3 anatomical and functional areas). At the same time, the highest specific weight of such trauma is observed among drivers, and the lowest one among pedestrians. 3. There was a significant influence of the sign of participation in traffic and the extent of damage on the outcome of traumatic process in victims of traffic accidents.
Oliguria caused by dehydration in combat trauma (case series)
Authors: Krishtafor D.A. , Kravets O.V. , Klygunenko O.M. , Ploshchenko Yu.O. , Sedinkin V.A.
Published: October 2024

Background. A combat gunshot wound is significantly different from a civilian trauma. It is characterized by the prevalence of penetrating injuries, which increases the volume of blood loss at the pre-hospital stage, and the destruction of large masses of muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis), which leads to acute kidney injury. Moreover, combat trauma occurs in conditions of chronic background stress as a result of severe emotional and physical strain, uncomfortable weather conditions, and deprivation of sleep, drinking and food. So, such a phenomenon as voluntary dehydration is common among soldiers in combat conditions. In wounded, oliguria is often considered a result of acute kidney injury, but it can also be a symptom of severe dehydration. The purpose of our work was to analyze three clinical cases of oliguria caused by dehydration in wounded with combat trauma to better understand the severity of the condition of such victims and to improve medical aid for them. Materials and methods. The article describes three cases of men aged 35, 50 and 44 years with combat gunshot wounds to the extremities, who were admitted to the tertiary care hospital on the second day after the injury with oliguria (0.18–0.19 ml/kg/hr) and high creatinine (333 to 457 μmol/L). Results. All three patients were conscious, breathing spontaneously, had stable hemodynamics, and moderate anemia after pre-hospital blood transfusions. Focused ultrasound study revealed hyperdynamic left ventricle and small inferior vena cava with complete inspiratory collapse, which suggested hypovolemia. Upon further investigation of the medical history, patients admitted not drinking any liquid for one to two days prior to injury. Tissue hydrophilicity test was conducted which showed severe dehydration in all three cases. Infusion volume was calculated using P.I. Shelestiuk nomogram (modified by O.V. Kravets et al.) and amounted to 60 ml/kg of balanced crystalloid solutions. Upon starting rehydration, diuresis was restored within two hours and amounted to 0.7–2.1 ml/kg/h in all three patients. Creatinine levels normalized in 2–4 days. Patients were transferred to another hospital in a moderate condition in 4–5 days. Conclusions. Oliguria is a frequent complication of combat gunshot injury. Although it is most often associated with acute kidney injury from rhabdomyolysis, it should also be considered that in a combat environment, soldiers’ access to water may be limited and the injury may be accompanied by dehydration. In the cases presented, the differential diagnosis of the causes of oliguria in the wounded made it possible to detect signs of severe dehydration, abstain from the inappropriate use of saluretics, quickly compensate for the fluid deficit, and to avoid the development of kidney damage and the need for renal replacement therapy.
Frankenstein: A Romantic Novel
Authors: Singh Tanuj Pal
Published: October 2024

Frankenstein is a novel about the sin committed by Victor Frankenstein of creating a hideous creature. The action unfolds and shows the misery treated on the creature and the way he takes his re1venge. But through this novel we see the injustice, hatred, suspicion, madness and cruelty of the beings. And to endure this we need a companion without which we are left desolate like the monster or Victor himself in the end. And this relationship of humans and beauty of nature is contrasted and portrayed in this novel of the Romantic age of English literature by Mary Shelley.
Level of Use of Conyo Language among AB-EL Students
Authors: Cabellon Pychine , Espenido Jhon Steven C. , Paco Nikki Kylene B.
Published: October 2024

In the Philippines, Conyo language is a type of code-mixing where people speak Taglish, a combination of the English and Filipino languages. To use this language may mean that speakers have limited knowledge of the English language. Since ancient times, the Philippines has been recognized for its linguistic diversity, this study aimed to find out the level of use of the Conyo language among first-year and second-year AB-EL students in Surigao del Norte State University, Surigao City, Philippines. Specifically, it sought the profile of the respondents as to age, sex, year level, and socio-economic status. It also investigated the significant difference between the level of use of the Conyo language as to conversation with peers, conversation at home, and classroom engagement of the respondents when grouped according to their profile variables. This study used a descriptive research design. The first-year and second-year AB-EL (Bachelor of Arts in English Language) students were the respondents of the study. A questionnaire was utilized to gather the data from the 64 respondents. The gathered data were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, average mean and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The data revealed that majority of the respondents were female, 20 years old below, first-year level, and had a 10,000 below as socio-economic status of their family. The study observed Conyo language usage among peers, at home, and in classrooms, finding no significant differences based on profile variables. It recommends further research to uncover the very underlying reasons for this usage, despite varied profiles.
Vinculaciones entre autoestima, capital social y bienestar psicológico en adultos mayores: efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las dinámicas de interacción social
Authors: Castillo Aroca Alberto , Elena Córdoba María
Published: October 2024

Introducción:
En el presente artículo se investiga la relación entre autoestima, capital social, confianza y satisfacción con el capital social en personas mayores de 60 años en América Latina1 en 2022 en el marco de la pandemia de COVID-19.

Método:
Se llevó a cabo una encuesta semiestructurada aplicada a una muestra no probabilística de 255 personas mayores de 60 años de América Latina, provenientes de República Dominicana, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Bolivia y México. Los datos fueron procesados y se construyeron índices de cada dimensión siguiendo la Escala de Rosenberg (1965) y el trabajo de Lee, Lee y Song (2019). Posteriormente se evaluó la normalidad de los indicadores, su distribución y correlación desagregando los resultados por sexo y rango etario, ya sean mayores o menores de 60 años.

Resultados:
Los resultados indican que la pandemia afectó negativamente el capital social debido al distanciamiento social y la pérdida de interacciones, afectando la salud mental de los adultos mayores. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la autoestima entre hombres y mujeres (p=0.01), pero no en capital social, satisfacción y confianza. También se observaron diferencias en los promedios de capital social entre hombres mayores y menores de 60 años (p=0.03). No hubo diferencias significativas en mujeres mayores y menores de 60 años ni en hombres mayores y mujeres. Entre hombres menores de 60 años y mujeres, solo la autoestima mostró diferencia significativa (p=0.01).

Conclusiones:
para mejorar la autoestima y la salud mental de las personas mayores, se deberían fomentar espacios de interacción que fortalezcan tanto la red social como la confianza interpersonal.
Caracterización sociológica de los pescadores en Panamá
Authors: Córdoba Mendoza Paul Antonio , Ramos Pérez Rita Liss , Pinto Samuel
Published: October 2024

Este artículo examina la evolución y distribución de la población ocupada como pescadores en Panamá a través de los censos de 2000, 2010 y 2023. Se observa un crecimiento sostenido en el número total de pescadores, aumentando de 10,182 en 2000 a 10,648 en 2023, a pesar de un descenso en 2010. La provincia de Bocas del Toro muestra un crecimiento en la participación de pescadores, mientras que la provincia de Panamá experimenta una significativa disminución, atribuida a reclasificaciones territoriales y la creación de la provincia de Panamá Oeste. Darién muestra un crecimiento constante, sugiriendo un interés continuo en la pesca debido a oportunidades económicas locales. El análisis de la situación de los pescadores en Panamá, basado en el Censo de 2023 y complementado con revisiones de literatura, revela una predominancia de residencia en áreas rurales (66.8%) y una marcada precariedad económica, con el 83.2% de los pescadores recibiendo salarios menores de B/.399.00 al mes. La pesca sigue siendo una actividad crucial, especialmente para afrodescendientes (46.3%) e indígenas (28.1%). La mayoría de los pescadores carecen de educación formal (86.4%) y están distribuidos principalmente en las provincias de Chiriquí, Veraguas y Darién. La caracterización sociológica muestra diferencias en educación, ingresos y territorialidad entre pescadores de aguas costeras, alta mar y subsistencia. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de políticas que mejoren el acceso a la educación y diversifiquen la economía en zonas rurales.
Pre-transaccional, transaccional y post-transaccional: categorías para reconocer la injusticia epistémica
Authors: Báez-Vizcaíno Katherine , Santana-Soriano Edwin
Published: October 2024

La injusticia epistémica (IE) constituye una forma de discriminación que, aunque en principio puede afectar a cualquier individuo, se manifiesta predominantemente contra aquellos asociados con grupos marginados. Se parte de la premisa de que la teorización sobre la IE, junto con conceptos relacionados —como el de injusticia cognitiva, por ejemplo— puede servir para esclarecer diversas formas de opresión. Cuando se observa el discurso académico en torno a la IE, puede verse que se han realizado valiosas propuestas de diversos estudiosos del tema; sin embargo la investigación se ha centrado principalmente en delinear y otorgar contenido práctico al concepto al revelar sus múltiples manifestaciones. Aún persiste una notable ausencia de un marco teórico que proporcione una clasificación exhaustiva o que al menos permita articular las variadas formas en que ocurre el fenómeno. El presente estudio, fundamentado en una extensa revisión de trabajos en los que se tratan tipologías y enfoques para comprender el fenómeno, busca contribuir a cerrar esta brecha. En ese sentido se presenta una propuesta conceptual ampliada de la IE —originada en el acceso, producción y reproducción del conocimiento— que termina en una categorización que, aunque abarca las variedades de IE identificadas en la literatura, se presenta como un marco abierto, con la intención y aspiración explícitas de que pueda albergar también cualquier ulterior manifestación del fenómeno que pueda ser revelada en otras investigaciones. Para estos fines se ha conceptualizado la transacción epistémica como el proceso central alrededor del cual ocurren las diversas manifestaciones de IE, y se propone, consecuentemente, la injusticia pre-transaccional, transaccional y post-transaccional como categorías primarias.