bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant plasmodesmata bridges form through ER-dependent incomplete cytokinesis
Authors: Li Ziqiang P. , Moreau Hortense , Petit Jules D. , Moraes Tatiana S. , Smokvarska Marija , Pérez-Sancho Jessica , Petrel Melina , Decoeur Fanny , Brocard Lysiane , Chambaud Clément , Grison Magali S. , Paterlini Andrea , Glavier Marie , Hoornaert Lucie , Joshi Amit S. , Gontier Etienne , Prinz William A. , Jaillais Yvon , Taly Antoine , Campelo Felix , Caillaud Marie-Cécile , Bayer Emmanuelle M.
Published: October 2024

Diverging from conventional cell division models, plant cells undergo incomplete division to generate plasmodesmata communication bridges between daughter cells. Although fundamental for plant multicellularity, the molecular events leading to bridge stabilization, as opposed to severing, remain unknown. Using electron tomography, we mapped the transition from cell plate fenestrae to plasmodesmata. We show that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) connects daughter cells across fenestrae, and as the cell plate matures, fenestrae contract, causing the plasma membrane (PM) to mold around constricted ER tubes. The ER’s presence prevents fenestrae fusion, forming plasmodesmata, whereas its absence results in closure. The ER-PM protein tethers MCTP3, MCTP4, and MCTP6 further stabilize nascent plasmodesmata during fenestrae contraction. Genetic deletion in
Arabidopsis
reduces plasmodesmata formation. Our findings reveal how plants undergo incomplete division to promote intercellular communication.
Brain malformations and seizures by impaired chaperonin function of TRiC
Authors: Kraft Florian , Rodriguez-Aliaga Piere , Yuan Weimin , Franken Lena , Zajt Kamil , Hasan Dimah , Lee Ting-Ting , Flex Elisabetta , Hentschel Andreas , Innes A. Micheil , Zheng Bixia , Julia Suh Dong Sun , Knopp Cordula , Lausberg Eva , Krause Jeremias , Zhang Xiaomeng , Trapane Pamela , Carroll Riley , McClatchey Martin , Fry Andrew E. , Wang Lisa , Giesselmann Sebastian , Hoang Hieu , Baldridge Dustin , Silverman Gary A. , Radio Francesca Clementina , Bertini Enrico , Ciolfi Andrea , Blood Katherine A , de Sainte Agathe Jean-Madeleine , Charles Perrine , Bergant Gaber , Čuturilo Goran , Peterlin Borut , Diderich Karin , Streff Haley , Robak Laurie , Oegema Renske , van Binsbergen Ellen , Herriges John , Saunders Carol J. , Maier Andrea , Wolking Stefan , Weber Yvonne , Lochmüller Hanns , Meyer Stefanie , Aleman Alberto , Polavarapu Kiran , Nicolas Gael , Goldenberg Alice , Guyant Lucie , Pope Kathleen , Hehmeyer Katherine N. , Monaghan Kristin G. , Quade Annegret , Smol Thomas , Caumes Roseline , Duerinckx Sarah , Depondt Chantal , Van Paesschen Wim , Rieubland Claudine , Poloni Claudia , Guipponi Michel , Arcioni Severine , Meuwissen Marije , Jansen Anna C. , Rosenblum Jessica , Haack Tobias B. , Bertrand Miriam , Gerstner Lea , Magg Janine , Riess Olaf , Schulz Jörg B. , Wagner Norbert , Wiesmann Martin , Weis Joachim , Eggermann Thomas , Begemann Matthias , Roos Andreas , Häusler Martin , Schedl Tim , Tartaglia Marco , Bremer Juliane , Pak Stephen C. , Frydman Judith , Elbracht Miriam , Kurth Ingo
Published: October 2024

Malformations of the brain are common and vary in severity, from negligible to potentially fatal. Their causes have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report pathogenic variants in the core protein-folding machinery TRiC/CCT in individuals with brain malformations, intellectual disability, and seizures. The chaperonin TRiC is an obligate hetero-oligomer, and we identify variants in seven of its eight subunits, all of which impair function or assembly through different mechanisms. Transcriptome and proteome analyses of patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrate the various consequences of TRiC impairment. The results reveal an unexpected and potentially widespread role for protein folding in the development of the central nervous system and define a disease spectrum of “TRiCopathies.”
Bright dipolar excitons in twisted black phosphorus homostructures
Authors: Huang Shenyang , Yu Boyang , Ma Yixuan , Pan Chenghao , Ma Junwei , Zhou Yuxuan , Ma Yaozhenghang , Yang Ke , Wu Hua , Lei Yuchen , Xing Qiaoxia , Mu Lei , Zhang Jiasheng , Mou Yanlin , Yan Hugen
Published: October 2024

Bright dipolar excitons, which contain electrical dipoles and have high oscillator strength, are an ideal platform for studying correlated quantum phenomena. They usually rely on carrier tunneling between two quantum wells or two layers to hybridize with nondipolar excitons to gain oscillator strength. In this work, we uncovered a new type of bright infrared dipolar exciton by stacking 90°-twisted black phosphorus (BP) structures. These excitons, inherent to the reconstructed band structure, exhibit high oscillator strength. Most importantly, they inherit the linear polarization from BP, which allows light polarization to be used to select the dipole direction. Moreover, the dipole moment and resonance energy can be widely tuned by the thickness of the BP. Our results demonstrate a useful platform for exploring tunable correlated dipolar excitons.
From baby blues to depression
Blue: A History of Postpartum Depression in America
Rachel Louise Moran
The University of Chicago Press, 2024. 304 pp.
Authors: Somerstein Rachel
Published: October 2024

A historian probes changing attitudes toward maternal mental health in the United States
Keeping outbreaks at bay
Crisis Averted: The Hidden Science of Fighting Outbreaks
Caitlin Rivers
Viking, 2024. 320 pp.
Authors: Long Kanya
Published: October 2024

An epidemiologist interrogates the often unseen work of mitigating disease spread
Some brain disorders are “chaperonopathies”
Authors: Sharma Manu
Published: October 2024

Mutations that impair a protein-folding chaperone can lead to brain malformations
The rumor clinic
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: October 2024

At the Center for an Informed Public, Kate Starbird tracks falsehoods and counters them in real time
A research advocate runs in Trump territory
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

The top Democrat on a House panel that oversees key science agencies fights for his seat
bla
GES
-producing ST654 comprises a quarter of all carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in blood isolates from 15 hospitals
Authors: Kon Hadas , Lurie-Weinberger Mor N. , Bechor Moshe , Temkin Elizabeth , Kastel Ophir , Schwartz David , Keren-Paz Alona , Carmeli Yehuda ,   CRPA Working Group, Golan-Shany Orit , Labrinenco Dina , Lellouche Jonathan , Michael Esti , Peretz Avi , Pollak Dina , Kaminsky Diana Roif , Sagi Orli , Schindler Yehudit , Harari Orna Schwartz , Shalach Ola , Sorek Nadav , Strauss Merav
Published: October 2024

Carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(CRPA) are of major clinical concern. We analyzed 85
P
.
aeruginosa
blood isolates non-susceptible to carbapenems collected during 2021–2023 from 15 medical centers in Israel. We aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk clones, examine clonality, test antibiotic susceptibility, and assess the presence of acquired resistance genes, including carbapenemases. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina sequencing technology. Susceptibly was determined using the broth microdilution method. In the entire sample, 43.5% were high-risk clones. A main clade (27.1% of isolates) found in multiple hospitals comprised 19 isolates belonging to the high-risk ST654 clone and four closely related isolates. The isolates in this main clade harbored a broad set of resistance genes, including GES-type genes, and 91% had a mutated outer membrane protein (OprD). Isolates in the main clade were uniformly tobramycin (TOB) resistant and 83% were ceftolozane/tazobactam resistant. In the entire sample, we found high resistance to most antipseudomonal agents, including new beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. No uniform susceptibility to an antipseudomonal agent was found. Carbapenemases were carried by 9.4% of isolates (5.9%
bla
GES-5
and 3.5%
bla
NDM-1
) and
oprD
was mutated in 67% of isolates. Thus, the epidemiology of CRPA is explained by a combination of clonal expansion of a dominant high-risk clade and sporadic occurrence of mutated strains. Our findings highlight the importance of susceptibility testing using a wide panel of antibiotics when CRPA is detected. Prevention measures tracking and controlling emerging high-risk clades and clones are crucial to limit the spread of CRPA.
Continuous infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam optimizes intraoperative antibiotic exposure in patients undergoing elective pelvic exenteration surgery
Authors: Jackson Dwane , Ulldemolins Marta , Liu Xin , Harris Craig , Tognolini Angela , Wallis Steven C. , Sumi Chandra , Parker Suzanne L. , Eley Victoria , Roberts Jason A.
Published: October 2024

Patients undergoing elective pelvic exenteration surgery who receive piperacillin/tazobactam as surgical prophylaxis are at risk of suboptimal intraoperative antibiotic exposure. With this work, we aimed to study the plasma pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in this population to provide dosing recommendations that optimize antibiotic exposure. We developed a prospective, observational, pharmacokinetic study of piperacillin/tazobactam in patients undergoing pelvic exenteration. Population pharmacokinetic analysis and Monte Carlo simulations were performed with Monolix and Simulx software. Probabilities of target attainment of different dosing regimens against the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints (8 and 16 mg/L) were calculated. Twelve patients were included in the study, with a median age of 50.0 years [interquartile interval (45.3–57.5)] and a median weight of 79.0 kg (61.3–88.3). Median surgical time was 10.5 h (9.8–11.7). A two-compartment linear model best fitted piperacillin and tazobactam data (190 plasma samples). Monte Carlo simulations showed that a lower dose of 2 g/0.25 g loading dose followed by 4 g/0.5 g q8h by continuous infusion provided ≥90% probability of target attainment for MIC = 16 mg/L for most of the patients. For non-continuous infusion regimens, only the 2-hourly bolus re-dosing achieved intraoperative concentrations of piperacillin ≥16 mg/L. Patients with weights ≥ 100 kg and glomerular filtration rates ≥ 120 mL/min required 4 g/0.5 g q6h by continuous infusion after a loading dose. In conclusion, continuous infusion of lower doses of piperacillin/tazobactam is as adequate as the 2-hourly re-dosing recommended by the current guidelines for surgical prophylaxis in pelvic exenteration. Patients with higher weights and glomerular filtration rates are at greater risk of inadequate exposure.
Identification of an ArgR-controlled promoter within the outermost region of the IS
10
R mobile element
Authors: Vázquez-Ciros Oscar J. , Alvarez Adrián F. , Georgellis Dimitris
Published: October 2024

The transposon Tn
10
is a prevalent composite element often detected in enteric bacteria, including those obtained from clinical samples. The Tn
10
is flanked by two IS
10
elements that work together in mediating transposition. IS
10
-right (IS
10
R) promotes transposition, while IS
10
-left lacks a functional transposase and cannot transpose independently. IS
10
R contains a weak promoter crucial for transposase transcription (pIN), along with two outward-oriented promoters, pOUT and OUTIIp, which may influence the expression of adjacent genes flanking the transposition site. Here, we report the identification of a novel outward-facing promoter, pOUT70, and a functional translation initiation region (TIR) within the last 70 nucleotides of IS
10
R. Furthermore, we show that pOUT70 is negatively regulated by ArgR and positively controlled by IHF, and we demonstrate that pOUT70 enables growth phase-dependent expression of a truncated yet constitutively active version of the histidine kinase BarA. These findings underscore the significance of IS elements in enhancing downstream gene expression, and highlights the role of outward-facing promoters in derepressing virulence factors or acquiring antibiotic resistance.

IMPORTANCE

Mobile genetic elements are small DNA fragments that can relocate within the genome, causing either gene inactivation or enhanced gene expression. Our research identified a new functional promoter and mRNA translation region within the IS10R element, which is part of the widely distributed
Tn10
transposon. We found that the global regulators ArgR and IHF control the activity of this promoter. Additionally, insertion of this mini-
Tn10
derivative into the
barA
gene resulted in the expression of a truncated but constitutive active form of the BarA sensor kinase. Overall, our work sheds light on how mobile genetic elements could impact the physiology and virulence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.
Whole-genome sequences of
Colletotrichum siamense
and
Colletotrichum truncatum
, causal agents of pod and foliar diseases on African yam bean
Authors: Ogunsanya Olaide M. , Armitage Andrew D. , Afolabi Clement G. , Oyatomi Olaniyi , Thompson Elinor P. , Ortega-Beltran Alejandro , Abberton Michael
Published: October 2024

Diseases caused by
Colletotrichum
fungi result in major agricultural losses worldwide. Here, we present two draft genomes of
Colletotrichum
spp. responsible for foliar and pod blight on African yam bean.
Colletotrichum siamense
and
Colletotrichum truncatum
assemblies totalled 55.8 Mb in 563 contigs and 54.8 Mb in 1,240 contigs, respectively.
Heat strain in different hot environments hiking in wildland firefighting garments
Authors: Bartman Nathan E. , Hess Hayden W. , Colburn Deanna , Temple Jennifer , Hostler David
Published: October 2024

Wildland firefighters can work at high intensity in hot environments for extended periods of time. The resulting heat strain may be modified by the environmental conditions (i.e., ambient temperature and humidity [RH]) even at equal wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs). This investigation assessed if a hot and dry condition would create greater strain than moderate and high humidity at equivalent WBGT (28 °C). Twelve participants (age 24 ± 2 year) walked at 40%–50% maximum aerobic capacity for 90 and 40 min separated by a 20 min rest in dry (40 °C, 20% RH), moderate-humidity (34 °C, 50% RH), and high-humidity (29 °C, 90% RH) conditions wearing fire-resistant jacket, pants, gloves, and helmet with the neck and face exposed. Peak core temperature was higher in moderate-humidity (38.9 ± 0.2 °C, p = 0.01) and high-humidity (38.9 ± 0.6 °C, p < 0.01) than dry condition (38.5 ± 0.3 °C). Average net heat gain was less in dry (33 ± 22 W) compared to moderate-humidity (38 ± 23 W, p < 0.01) and high-humidity (39 ± 28 W, p < 0.01). Peak heart rate (174 ± 14 bpm, p = 0.94), physiological strain index (7.7 ± 1.4 score, p = 0.99), perceived exertion (8 ± 2 rating, p = 0.97), and perceptual strain index (7.3 ± 1.6 score, p = 0.99) were not different in high-humidity compared to the dry condition (167 ± 19 bpm, 6.9 ± 1.3 score, 6 ± 2 rating, 7.3 ± 1.7 score, respectively). Whole-body sweat rate (15 ± 6 mL/min, p = 0.58) and thermal sensation (7 ± 1 rating, p = 0.37) were not different. Hiking in a humid condition while wearing protective garments creates greater exertional heat strain compared to a dry condition of equivalent WBGT. Wildland firefighters should consider extra strategies to mitigate hyperthermia when humidity is high.
On the disruption of the horseshoe vortex in flow past bed-mounted cylinders
Authors: Pradhan Tapas Kumar , Thakurta Abhinav , Roussinova Vesselina , Balachandar Ram , Biswas Nihar
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates the disruption of the horseshoe vortex (HSV) formed around a bed-mounted circular cylinder using helical strakes. Three cylinders were studied: one plain and two with helical strakes, oriented at 30° and 0° to the vertical mid-plane, respectively. A planar particle image velocimetry technique was employed for the measurement of the velocity field near the upstream cylinder-bed junction. The results revealed that strakes oriented at 0° prevent the formation of the HSV by disrupting the downward flow near the cylinder-bed junction. In contrast, a strong downflow was observed near the bed for the plain and 30° straked cylinder. The 0° helical strakes can be potentially used as scour-countermeasure around the pier due to their ability to disrupt the HSV. Analysis of turbulent stresses further demonstrated that the 0° straked cylinder experienced a reduction in Reynolds shear stress compared to both the plain and 30° straked cylinder.
Reduced canopy cover and development compromises weed suppression by buckwheat in cover crop mixtures
Authors: Worthing Maya , Mills Aaron , McKenzie-Gopsill Andrew
Published: October 2024

Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a common cover crop typically grown for its rapid establishment and superior weed suppression. One challenge of incorporating buckwheat into crop rotations, however, is its short generation time, which requires in-season management to prevent viable seed production and volunteers in subsequent crops. Mixing buckwheat at reduced seeding rates with other cover crop species is one way for producers to reduce volunteer potential; however, this may compromise weed suppression. To investigate mechanisms behind buckwheat weed suppression and how using buckwheat in mixtures can affect suppression, we collected a series of morphological measurements in buckwheat monocultures and in three, two-way and four, three-way cover crop species mixtures and modeled their response over the growing season. We found that while buckwheat height and relative growth rate were unaffected with increasing species richness, there was a significant reduction in maximum leaf area index (3.75 vs. 2.85 vs. 2.82 cm2 cm−2) in mixture. Buckwheat monocultures provided superior season-long weed suppression compared to mixtures (85% vs. 53% vs. 50%). Principal component analysis showed that increased height and leaf area index values were associated with greater weed suppression. The link between reduced leaf area index and weed suppression in mixtures compared to buckwheat monocultures suggests that the rapid leaf development and canopy cover associated with buckwheat is a key mechanism behind weed suppression. In practice, producers should expect a dilution effect and weed suppression to be compromised when the buckwheat seeding rate is reduced in mixtures.
Investigation of the Electrochemical Acetone Reduction Reaction in a PEM-Setup
Authors: Marth Axel , Freiberg Anna T. S. , Maier Maximilian , Wasserscheid Peter , Thiele Simon
Published: October 2024

The electrochemical energy storage in organic compounds has gained increasing interest in recent years. The acetone reduction can serve simultaneously as a model compound for electrochemical ketone reduction and as an electrochemical liquid organic hydrogen carrier. This study investigates the influence of temperature and concentration on the electrochemical acetone reduction reaction (ARR) to isopropanol (2-propanol) in a membrane electrode assembly. It reports, in particular, on the faradaic efficiency and performance of the system both in fuel cell mode (above 0 V vs RHE) and in hydrogen pumping mode (below 0 V vs RHE). This investigation is performed by applying cyclovoltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and amperometry. Shape analysis of the recorded EIS data is performed, and mass transport limitation is identified as one major problem of this configuration. Additionally, thermocatalytic experiments are conducted to ensure comparability, and the specific reaction rates of both approaches are compared to each other, thus emphasizing the importance of referencing when performing electrochemical reduction experiments. Propane formation has been found as a relevant side reaction of the ARR in thermocatalytic and electrocatalytic experiments.
Continuous Graded Catalyst Layers for PEM Fuel Cells with Improved Humidity Range Tolerance
Authors: Ayoub Marc , Freiberg Anna T. S. , Böhm Thomas , Körner Andreas , Hutzler Andreas , Thiele Simon , Brodt Matthew
Published: October 2024

Grading electrodes is a promising approach to reduce ohmic and mass transport-related voltage losses in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In graded electrodes, the ionomer and/or catalyst are spatially non-uniformly distributed to optimize performance over a wide operating range. In this study, through-plane ionomer gradients were fabricated with a simple wet-layer deposition technique that can readily be adapted in a roll-to-roll process. The presence of ionomer gradients was verified using scanning transmission electron microscopy and the profiles were found to be continuous despite using only two coating steps. Single cell tests revealed that the gradients outperform conventional electrodes and maintain the optimal performance for different relative humidities. These improvements were traced back to enhanced mass transport and protonic conduction properties identified by detailed electrochemical analysis. This manufacturing approach for electrodes offers an accessible toolbox to produce versatile and specialized multi-layered catalyst layers for different applications.
Introducing Nickel Ions into a Bismuth Boro Tellurite Glass System and Its Effect on Physical and Material Properties
Authors: McGlashan André , Nelson Peter N. , Prasad P. Syam , Iezid M. , Goumeidane F. , Prasanthi P. Phani , Rao P. Venkateswara
Published: October 2024

Five bismuth boro tellurite glass samples doped with NiO are synthesized using melt quenching and then their material properties are determined. Structural units are BO3, BO4, TeO4 and BiO6 and Ni-O-Ni linkages, with Ni acting as a network modifier, as shown by Raman spectra. Non-crystalline internal structure of the samples is shown by XRD. Higher NiO concentrations decrease optical band gap energy, as revealed by optical absorption measurements (UV–vis), causing increases in the refractive index, polarizability and optical basicity of the glass system. Positive metallization criterion shows that the glass network structure is that of a non-metal. Internal glass structure showed reduced disorder with doping as evidenced by the lowered Urbach energy. The density, oxygen molar volume and oxygen packing density of the glass samples increased with doping whilst molar volume and cross-link density decreased. Glass-forming ability of the samples increased with doping, as evidenced by the increase in the Hruby’s parameter. A decrease in the temperature range from crystallization temperature to glass transition temperature indicates a reduction in the thermal stability of the doped bismuth boro tellurite system, however the difference remained large (≈100 °C) indicating that the glass samples maintained good thermal stability. Elastic properties increased with the introduction of Ni, increasing the rigidity and strength of the bismuth boro tellurite glass system. Introducing Ni slightly increases radiation shielding ability; shielding surpasses concrete.
GDF15 associates with, but is not responsible for, exercise-induced increases in corticosterone and indices of lipid utilization in mice
Authors: Arbeau Meagan , Baranowski Bradley J. , Jeromson Stewart , Bellucci Annalaura , Akcan Michael , Trang Serena , Eisner Katelyn , Medak Kyle D. , Wright David C.
Published: October 2024

Circulating growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) increases during exercise, but the physiological role that it plays has not been elucidated. Recent data suggest that GDF15 regulates corticosterone and lipid utilization. Here we demonstrate that postexercise nutrient availability influences GDF15 in the recovery from exercise and GDF15 is associated with corticosterone and indices of lipid utilization. However, the associations were not causal as exercise-induced increases in fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and corticosterone were intact in GDF15−/− mice.
Training volume and total energy expenditure of an Olympic and Ironman world champion: approaching the upper limits of human capabilities
Authors: Dasa Marcus S. , Bu Olav Aleksander , Sandbakk Øyvind , Rønnestad Bent R. , Plasqui Guy , Gundersen Hilde , Kristoffersen Morten
Published: October 2024

The current paper presents unprecedented data on the training volume and intensity distribution of a world-class triathlete. Furthermore, using doubly labeled water measurements and training data, we argue that our findings challenge the proposed alimentary limit for sustained energy expenditure, thereby raising the upper boundary of what is physiologically possible in humans.
Axon initial segment structure and function in health and disease
Authors: Jenkins Paul M. , Bender Kevin J.
Published: October 2024

At the simplest level, neurons are structured to integrate synaptic input and perform computational transforms on that input, converting it into an action potential (AP) code. This process, converting synaptic input into AP output, typically occurs in a specialized region of the axon termed the axon initial segment (AIS). The AIS, as its name implies, is often contained to the first section of axon abutted to the soma and is home to a dizzying array of ion channels, attendant scaffolding proteins, intracellular organelles, extracellular proteins, and, in some cases, synapses. The AIS serves multiple roles as the final arbiter for determining if inputs are sufficient to evoke APs, as a gatekeeper that physically separates the somatodendritic domain from the axon proper, and as a regulator of overall neuronal excitability, dynamically tuning its size to best suit the needs of parent neurons. These complex roles have received considerable attention from experimentalists and theoreticians alike. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the AIS and its role in neuronal integration and polarity in health and disease.
Supplementary Table S4 from Characterization of the Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis Microenvironment via Machine Learning Analysis of the Primary Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Goodin Dylan A. , Chau Eric , Zheng Junjun , O’Connell Cailin , Tiwari Anjana , Xu Yitian , Niravath Polly , Chen Shu-Hsia , Godin Biana , Frieboes Hermann B.
Published: October 2024

Table S4. Variable Importance for predicting BCLM CD163+MMP9+ using primary tumor clusters.
Supplementary Table S20 from Characterization of the Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis Microenvironment via Machine Learning Analysis of the Primary Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Goodin Dylan A. , Chau Eric , Zheng Junjun , O’Connell Cailin , Tiwari Anjana , Xu Yitian , Niravath Polly , Chen Shu-Hsia , Godin Biana , Frieboes Hermann B.
Published: October 2024

Table S20. Variable Importance for predicting BCLM pERK+ using primary tumor clusters.
Supplementary Table S18 from Characterization of the Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis Microenvironment via Machine Learning Analysis of the Primary Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Goodin Dylan A. , Chau Eric , Zheng Junjun , O’Connell Cailin , Tiwari Anjana , Xu Yitian , Niravath Polly , Chen Shu-Hsia , Godin Biana , Frieboes Hermann B.
Published: October 2024

Table S18. Variable Importance for predicting BCLM MMP9+ using primary tumor clusters.
Supplementary Table S17 from Characterization of the Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis Microenvironment via Machine Learning Analysis of the Primary Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Goodin Dylan A. , Chau Eric , Zheng Junjun , O’Connell Cailin , Tiwari Anjana , Xu Yitian , Niravath Polly , Chen Shu-Hsia , Godin Biana , Frieboes Hermann B.
Published: October 2024

Table S17. Variable Importance for predicting BCLM Ki-67+ using primary tumor clusters.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Characterization of the Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis Microenvironment via Machine Learning Analysis of the Primary Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Goodin Dylan A. , Chau Eric , Zheng Junjun , O’Connell Cailin , Tiwari Anjana , Xu Yitian , Niravath Polly , Chen Shu-Hsia , Godin Biana , Frieboes Hermann B.
Published: October 2024

S5. PLS-DA score plots of classifying BCLM IMC cluster densities into Low (
Supplementary Figure S3 from Characterization of the Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis Microenvironment via Machine Learning Analysis of the Primary Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Goodin Dylan A. , Chau Eric , Zheng Junjun , O’Connell Cailin , Tiwari Anjana , Xu Yitian , Niravath Polly , Chen Shu-Hsia , Godin Biana , Frieboes Hermann B.
Published: October 2024

S3. PLS-DA of primary breast and BCLM IMC ROI data by batch number showing that the batches were homogeneous.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Characterization of the Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis Microenvironment via Machine Learning Analysis of the Primary Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Goodin Dylan A. , Chau Eric , Zheng Junjun , O’Connell Cailin , Tiwari Anjana , Xu Yitian , Niravath Polly , Chen Shu-Hsia , Godin Biana , Frieboes Hermann B.
Published: October 2024

S1. Heatmap of IMC cluster densities originating from breast primary and breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) before mean aggregation of ROIs.
Random forest algorithm with hill climbing algorithm to improve intrusion detection at endpoint and network
Authors: Sekar Satheesh Kumar , Parvathy Palaniraj Rajidurai , Pinjarkar Latika , Latha Raman , Sathish Mani , Reddy Munnangi Koti , Murugan Subbiah
Published: October 2024

Cloud computing is a framework that enables end users to connect highly effective services and applications over the internet effortlessly. In the world of cloud computing, it is a critical problem to deliver services that are both safe and dependable. The best way to lessen the damage caused by entry into this environment is one of the primary security concerns. The fundamental advantage of a cooperative approach to intrusion detection system (IDS) is a superior vision of an action of network attack. This paper proposes a random forest (RF) algorithm with a hill-climbing algorithm (RFHC) to improve intrusion detection at the endpoint and network. Initially, it is used for feature selection, and the next process is to separate the intrusions detection. The feature selection is maintained by the hill climbing (HC) algorithm that chooses the best features. Then, we utilize the RF algorithm to separate the intrusion efficiently. The experimental results depict that the RFHC mechanism reached more acceptable results regarding recall, precision, and accuracy than a baseline mechanism. Moreover, it minimizes the miss detection ratio and enhances the intrusion detection ratio.
Particle swarm optimization for beamforming design in a cognitive radio
Authors: Atzemourt Mossaab , Chihab Younes , Bencharef Omar , Hachkar Zakaria
Published: October 2024

Beamforming is essential for improving transmission in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), particularly in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with several secondary users (SU) equipped with transmitting antennas. Optimizing beamforming while minimizing interference with primary users (PU) is of great interest. This study proposes an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to enhance beamforming performance. This approach aims to maximize the power of the beam directed to the SU receiver while controlling interference in the PU protection region. The results show that this algorithm constantly improves beam focus and signal-to-noise ratio to effectively optimize beamforming. Firstly, beam focusing becomes narrower as the number of antenna elements increases, generating optimal transmission conditions. Secondly, the algorithm achieves a considerable improvement in signal-to-noise ratio as the number of antenna elements increases. Furthermore, optimization performance improves as the number of antenna elements increases, as shown by the best fitness values. The simulations also illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
A three-phase model to keyword detection in Arabic corpora
Authors: Namly Driss , Bouzoubaa Karim , Tachicart Ridouane
Published: October 2024

The exponential growth of Arabic text data in recent years has created an urgent demand for sophisticated keyword detection techniques that are specifically tailored to the nuances of the Arabic language. This study addresses the critical need for efficient tools capable of swiftly and accurately identifying keywords within a collection of Arabic documents, particularly when analyzing multiple documents in a corpus. To meet this challenge, we present a novel corpus specifically designed for keyword detection in Arabic texts, along with an innovative approach that integrates three distinct candidate keyword lists: a frequency-based list, a vector space model list, and a machine learning-based list. This hybrid methodology leverages the strengths of each technique, enabling a more comprehensive and effective keyword identification process. We conducted extensive experimental validation to assess the performance and computational efficiency of our proposed pipeline. The results demonstrate that our approach consistently achieves robust performance across a variety of domains, with evaluation metrics indicating F1-scores that consistently surpass 91%. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of automated keyword detection in Arabic, paving the way for enhanced information retrieval and text analysis capabilities.
A novel model for detecting web defacement attacks transformer using plain text features
Authors: Hoang Xuan Dau , Nguyen Trong Hung , Pham Hoang Duy
Published: October 2024

Over the last decade, web defacements and other types of web attacks have been considered serious security threats to web-based services and systems of many enterprises and organizations. A website defacement attack can bring severe repercussions to the website owner, such as immediate discontinuance of the website operations and damage to the owner’s reputation, which may lead to enormous monetary losses. Several solutions and tools for monitoring and detecting web defacements have been designed and developed. Some solutions and tools are limited to static web pages, while others can handle dynamic ones but demand significant computational power. The existing proposals’ other issues are relatively low detection rates and high false alarm rates because many crucial elements of web pages, including embedded code and images are not properly processed. This paper proposes a novel model for detecting web defacements to address these issues. The model is based on the bidirectional long-short term memory (Bi-LSTM) deep learning method using features of the plain text content extracted from web pages. Comprehensive testing on over 96,000 web pages dataset demonstrates that the proposed Bi-LSTM-based web defacement detection model outperforms earlier methods, achieving a 96.04% overall accuracy and a 2.03% false positive rate.
Land scene classification using diversity promoting metric learning-convolutional neural network
Authors: Babu Kampa Ratna , Kumar Kampa Kanthi , Suneetha Akula
Published: October 2024

The land scene classification by remote sensing images predicts semantic class of image blocks by removing visual primitives in remote sensing images. However, there is a problem of within-class diversity and between-class similarity that degrades a performance of scene classification. In this research, the diversity promoting metric learning–convolutional neural network (DPML-CNN) method is proposed for classifying land scene images. The metric learning with convolutional neural network (CNN) maps the same scene image class closer and the different class scenes as far as possible which makes the method much discrimination. The diversity promoting in metric learning is used to reduce the overlapping of the same scene class by uncorrelation of every parameter and provides unique information for those parameters. The UC Merced, AID, and NWPU RESISC45 datasets are utilized in this research for evaluating the proposed DPML-CNN method with evaluation metrics like accuracy and kappa coefficient. The DPML-CNN method reached highest accuracy of 99.27% and 99.84% for 50% and 80% training ratios on the UC Merced dataset when compared to other existing methods like multi-level semantic feature clustering attention (MLFC-Net) and global context spatial attention (GCSA-Net).
Predicting autism spectrum disorder through sentiment analysis with attention mechanisms: a deep learning approach
Authors: Mareeswaran Murali Anand , Selvarajan Kanchana
Published: October 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a spectrum disorder. The availability of technology to identify the characteristics of ASD will have major implications for clinicians. In this article, we present a new autism diagnosis method based on attention mechanisms for behavior modeling-based feature embedding along with aspect-based analysis for a better classification of ASD. The hybrid model comprises a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that integrates two bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) blocks, together with additional propagation techniques, for the purpose of classification the origins of Autism Tweet dataset; the proposed work takes Autism Tweet dataset and preprocesses them to employ n-gram to extract features of which the features of the ASD behavior are fed to generate the significant behavior for classification. The model takes into account both behavior-guided features across every aspect of the Class/ASD to provide higher accuracy using Adam optimizer. The experimental values inferred that the n-BiLSTM technique reaches maximum accuracy with 98%.
Blockchain and smart contracts based system for criminal record management
Authors: Jlil Manal , Jouti Kaoutar , Loqman Chakir
Published: October 2024

Reducing crime rate in a country is the most important concern of developing robust systems to automate the criminal record-obtaining process. Generally, the criminal record is managed manually, which makes the information collection from other criminal records very difficult. Therefore, investigations that could be carried out using criminal records to understand the purpose of crime and countering it are outdated. However, the integrity, security, and traceability of data exchange, especially for the judicial sector are the most frequent issues faced by information systems of public organizations. In this paper, we present a study of using blockchain technology and smart contracts to design a new architecture for a decentralized system to manage criminal record storage. This proposed architecture automates the process of getting a criminal record by moving past the techniques employed in developing traditional systems of data management such as centralized systems. In this study, blockchain technology is used to ensure data security, integrity, and traceability as well as ensure timely access to criminal records, and smart contracts are used to allow traceability and authenticity. This architecture will significantly reduce the impact of corruption in law enforcement by eliminating fraud cases, which will revolutionize E-governance in the Moroccan country.
Improving the MSMEs data quality assurance comprehensive framework with deep learning technique
Authors: Sadikin Mujiono , Katidjan Purwanto S. , Dwiyanto Arif Rifai , Nurfiyah Nurfiyah , Pratama Yusuf Ajif Yunizar , Trisnojuwono Adi
Published: October 2024

In the year of 2022 the ministry of cooperatives and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) executed a complete data collection program for the cooperatives and micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) profile. As the complexity of the process and the uniqueness of the data characteristics, plenty of risks must be mitigated. The most challenging risk is the possibility of reduced data quality. This study is performed to validate the proposed comprehensive framework to ensure the quality data of cooperatives and MSME. The proposed framework aims to prevent, detect, repair, and recover dirty data to achieve the required data quality minimum standard. We investigated many techniques namely rule-based, selection-based, and deep learning-based. By applying the framework, 6,850,000 missing values are found and corrected, whereas the number of instant data containing attribute values that do not follow the domain constraints or integrity rule is 4,082,630. The first deep learning task applied in the framework is MSME activity image description (image captioning) generated by the convolutional neural network-recurrent neural network (CNN-RNN) model. By using 1000 MSME images as data training, the model’s performance is quite good, achieving the average BLEU score of Culinary 0,3149, Fashion 0,4868, and creative products 0,5086. So far, the proposed framework can contribute to supporting MSME one data as the Indonesian government program.
Backstepping approach for the control of the double-fed asynchronous generator in a wind power system
Authors: Chahboun Mbarek , Abouyaakoub Mohcine , Ali Ali Ait , El Mrabet Aziz , Hihi Hicham , Ouabi Hassan , El Bid Youssef
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to model and control the dual-fed asynchronous generator (DFIG). The modeling and vector control were simulated using MATLAB, followed by the application of the Backstepping control strategy. A comparative study between two DFIG control strategies, fuzzy logic control (FLC) and Back-stepping control, was conducted. The results for the Backstepping approach are discussed and compared with FLC, highlighting that the Backstepping technique addresses robustness issues regarding variations in operating conditions and internal parameters. Both control strategies are applied to a wind turbine system, and the simulation results and robustness tests are analyzed.
Optimization signal writing with machine learning assisted control
Authors: Sapapporn Chaweng , Seangsri Soontaree , Khaengkarn Sorada , Srisertpol Jiraphon
Published: October 2024

The high-precision signal writing machine, experiencing a 0.1% failure rate due to discrete fourier transform (DFT) of position error signal (PES) exceeding control limits, can be improved with an appropriate controller gain. This paper combines machine learning (ML) classification and controller optimization to determine the suitable gain for the hard disk drive (HDD) signal writing process. The result from machine classification has a high potential for position error improvement, distinguishing them from those with obvious degradation. The identified machine classes with high potential for signal write quality improvement undergo controller optimization using a genetic algorithm (GA). The objective function considers gain crossover frequency, phase margin, and PES DFT at low frequencies. Experimental results demonstrate that the new controller gain enhances signal write quality of class 0 and class 3 by 14.68% and 17.18%, respectively, leading to a reduced failure rate down to 0.05%.
Train and Constrain: Phonologically Informed Tongue Twister Generation from Topics and Paraphrases
Authors: Loakman Tyler , Tang Chen , Lin Chenghua
Published: October 2024

Previous work in phonologically and phonetically grounded language generation has mainly focused on domains such as puns and poetry. In this article, we present new work on the generation of English tongue twisters—a form of language that is required to be conditioned on a phoneme level to maximize sound overlap, while maintaining semantic consistency with an input topic or phrase and still being grammatically correct. We present TwisterLister, a pipeline for generating phonologically informed tongue twisters from large language models (LLMs) that we use to generate TwistList 2.0, the largest annotated dataset of tongue twisters to date, consisting of 17K+ examples from a combination of human and LLM authors. Our generation pipeline involves the use of a phonologically constrained vocabulary alongside LLM prompting to generate novel, non-derivative tongue twister examples. We additionally present the results of automatic and human evaluation of smaller models trained on our generated dataset to demonstrate the extent to which phonologically motivated language types can be generated without explicit injection of phonological knowledge. Additionally, we introduce a phoneme-aware constrained decoding module (PACD) that can be integrated into an autoregressive language model and demonstrate that this method generates good quality tongue twisters both with and without fine-tuning the underlying language model. We also design and implement a range of automatic metrics for the task of tongue twister generation that is phonologically motivated and captures the unique essence of tongue twisters, primarily based on phonemic edit distance (PED).1
The effect of high intensity interval training on asprosin and oxidative stress in the heart tissue of diabetic male rats
Authors: Tabatabaei M.R. , Nikbakht M. , Ranjbar R. , Daryanoosh F. , Ghanbarzadeh M.
Published: October 2024

The release of adipokines from adipose tissue depots plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and several other physiological processes in cardiovascular diseases caused by diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on asprosin and oxidative stress of heart tissue type 2 diabetic male rats. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (C), control training (CT), diabetes (D), and diabetes training (DT). Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection. The training group performed 8-week HIIT program on the treadmill. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyse data (). The results showed that there was no significant interaction in plasma asprosin () and SOD2 (), but a significant interaction in heart tissue asprosin () and P-ERK 1/2 () was found. Serum and heart tissue asprosin were higher in Group D than in Group C (p < 0.0001), and also decreased in Group CT compared to Group C (, ), and Group DT compared to Group D (, ). P-ERK 1/2, SOD2, GPX, and HDL-c were lower in Group D than Group C (, , , , respectively) and increased in Group CT compared to Group C (, , , , respectively), and Group DT compared to Group D (, , , , respectively). There was no significant difference between groups in MDA, HOMA, LDL-c, and TG between Group C and Group CT, but it is lower in Group DT than Group D (, , , , respectively). Asprosin is increased in type 2 diabetic rats, and HIIT reduces asprosin and oxidative stress in the heart and improves insulin resistance and lipid profile. Decreased asprosin may have a cardioprotective effect by activating downstream pathways, including regulating P-ERK 1/2 expression and increasing the antioxidant enzyme SOD2.
Shigeko Kubota’s Multi-hyphenated Curatorial Activism
Authors: Shaskevich Helena
Published: October 2024

This article examines artist Shigeko Kubota’s vital role as a curator, critic, and organizer of video art during the 1970s and 1980s, arguing her historically neglected labour was instrumental to the formation of a video art community at a time when it lacked widespread institutional support. By tracing Kubota’s organizational efforts from her role as Fluxus’s “vice-president” and her curatorial work on Tokyo-New York Video Express, to her participation in important video conferences and festivals, such as the Women’s Video Festivals and the Museum of Modern Art’s Open Circuits: An International Conference on the Future of Television, the article reveals the ways in which she frequently utilized her own platform as a critic and curator to amplify the voices of underrepresented artists, particularly women and women of colour. These experiences culminated in Kubota’s role as the first and only video art curator at the Anthology Film Archives (afa) between 1974 and 1983, which deeply influenced her approach to curatorial work as a collaborative and non-hierarchical practice, and finally, reinforced her belief in video as a social medium.