bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Involvement Can Affect Clinicians’ Perspectives and Practices of Infection Prevention and Control
Authors: Wyer Mary , Iedema Rick , Hor Su-Yin , Jorm Christine , Hooker Claire , Gilbert Gwendolyn L.
Published: January 2017

This study, set in a mixed, adult surgical ward of a metropolitan teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia, used a novel application of video-reflexive ethnography (VRE) to engage patients and clinicians in an exploration of the practical and relational complexities of patient involvement in infection prevention and control (IPC). This study included individual reflexive sessions with eight patients and six group reflexive sessions with 35 nurses. VRE usually involves participants reflecting on video footage of their own (and colleagues’) practices in group reflexive sessions. We extended the method here by presenting, to nurses, video clips of their clinical interactions with patients, in conjunction with footage of the patients themselves analyzing the videos of their own care, for infection risks. We found that this novel approach affected the nurses’ capacities to recognize, support, and enable patient involvement in IPC and to reflect on their own, sometimes inconsistent, IPC practices from patients’ perspectives. As a “post-qualitative” approach, VRE prioritizes participants’ roles, contributions, and learning. Invoking affect as an explanatory lens, we theorize that a “safe space” was created for participants in our study to reflect on and reshape their assumptions, positionings, and practices.
Evaluating the risk of appendiceal perforation when using ultrasound as the initial diagnostic imaging modality in children with suspected appendicitis
Authors: Alerhand Stephen , Meltzer James , Tay Ee Tein
Published: January 2017

Background

Ultrasound scan has gained attention for diagnosing appendicitis due to its avoidance of ionizing radiation. However, studies show that ultrasound scan carries inferior sensitivity to computed tomography scan. A non-diagnostic ultrasound scan could increase the time to diagnosis and appendicectomy, particularly if follow-up computed tomography scan is needed. Some studies suggest that delaying appendicectomy increases the risk of perforation.

Objective

To investigate the risk of appendiceal perforation when using ultrasound scan as the initial diagnostic imaging modality in children with suspected appendicitis.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 1411 charts of children ≤17 years old diagnosed with appendicitis at two urban academic medical centers. Patients who underwent ultrasound scan first were compared to those who underwent computed tomography scan first. In the sub-group analysis, patients who only received ultrasound scan were compared to those who received initial ultrasound scan followed by computed tomography scan. Main outcome measures were appendiceal perforation rate and time from triage to appendicectomy.

Results

In 720 children eligible for analysis, there was no significant difference in perforation rate between those who had initial ultrasound scan and those who had initial computed tomography scan (7.3% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.44), nor in those who had ultrasound scan only and those who had initial ultrasound scan followed by computed tomography scan (8.0% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.42). Those patients who had ultrasound scan first had a shorter triage-to-incision time than those who had computed tomography scan first (9.2 (IQR: 5.9, 14.0) vs. 10.2 (IQR: 7.3, 14.3) hours, p = 0.03), whereas those who had ultrasound scan followed by computed tomography scan took longer than those who had ultrasound scan only (7.8 (IQR: 5.3, 11.6) vs. 15.1 (IQR: 10.6, 20.6), p < 0.001). Children < 12 years old receiving ultrasound scan first had lower perforation rate (p = 0.01) and shorter triage-to-incision time (p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Children with suspected appendicitis receiving ultrasound scan as the initial diagnostic imaging modality do not have increased risk of perforation compared to those receiving computed tomography scan first. We recommend that children <12 years of age receive ultrasound scan first.
Visual framing of the European refugee crisis in Der Spiegel and CNN International: Global journalism in news photographs
Authors: Zhang Xu , Hellmueller Lea
Published: January 2017

Building on previous research that has theorized and operationalized the concept of global journalism, this study analyzed 287 photographs published on CNN International and Der Spiegel online news sites to examine the evidence of global journalism practices in visual news content. The results of the quantitative content analysis revealed that the transnational news outlet CNN International more frequently used close-ups and tracking shots to feature refugees in its visual reportage than the German news magazine Der Spiegel. The large presence of the ‘human interest’ and the ‘lose/gain’ frames in CNN International’s visual coverage emphasized the humanitarian aspect of global suffering. In contrast, apart from the ‘human interest’ frame, the ‘law and control’ and ‘xenophobia’ frames were adopted in Der Spiegel’s visual coverage. Using such a comparison, this study discussed if news sources’ capacity of managing the visibility of suffering could reflect a cosmopolitan viewpoint on a global issue.
The re-professionalization of the police in England and Wales
Authors: Holdaway Simon
Published: January 2017

In this article contemporary police claims to professional status are analysed and related to a new structure of police regulation in England and Wales. It is argued that the notion of the police as a profession is not new and, unlike police and academic commentary, analysis of this subject should draw on sociological understandings of professions. The wider policy context within which claims to professionalization are made is also considered. A new, loosely coupled system of regulation has been developed in England and Wales. Policing’s professional body, the College of Policing, is central to this regulatory framework that has placed government at a distance from constabularies and police representative associations. Finally, some of the consequences of the hybrid system are considered and benefits of the framework of analysis proposed are discussed.
Atrial fibrillation with a structurally normal heart in pregnancy: An international survey on current practice
Authors: Cumyn Annabelle , Sauvé Nadine , Rey Évelyne
Published: January 2017

Background

Little evidence exists for the optimal management of atrial fibrillation with a structurally normal heart in pregnancy.

Methods

A survey was sent to members of two associations to obtain input on optimal management of atrial fibrillation in pregnancy. The survey presented four cases with respect to (1) baseline investigations; (2) rate versus rhythm control; (3) chemical versus electrical cardioversion; and (4) anticoagulation.

Results

Sixty-one responders from 11 countries participated. High agreement was noted for baseline investigations. A quarter (25%) of participants chose elective cardioversion even with a reversible precipitant. Electrical cardioversion was preferred over chemical ( p < 0.05). Anticoagulation strategies were heterogeneous except in the presence of a left atrial appendage thrombus.

Discussion

This study revealed that there was little consensus in current practice in pregnancy beyond basic investigations. An adaptation of established guidelines to the pregnant population would require a meeting of Cardiologists with input from colleagues in Obstetric Medicine.
Composition of human breast milk in acute kidney injury
Authors: Chruscicki Adam , Morton Alexander Ross , Akbari Ayub , White Christine Anne
Published: January 2017

Background

Breastfeeding is a widely encouraged practice due to its benefits for mother and the infant. Little is known about the impact of disease states, such as kidney dysfunction and childbirth complications, on the composition of breast milk.

Methods

We describe a case of a 35-year-old woman who suffered a postpartum hemorrhage, was administered a contrast dye prior to computer tomography, and developed an acute kidney injury. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, we measured composition of milk in acute kidney injury. The amount of dye secreted into milk was determined using a spectroscopic assay.

Results

Here we show that acute kidney injury results in changes in milk composition, but it does not significantly affect major macronutrients. We also determine that iodinated computer tomography contrast dye does not accumulate in milk in appreciable amounts.

Conclusion

Acute kidney injury has impact on breast milk. Intravenous administration of computer tomography contrast dye does not result in significantly elevated levels in milk.
Fetal anhydramnios following maternal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in pregnancy
Authors: Campbell S , Clohessy A , O’Brien C , Higgins S , Higgins M , McAuliffe F
Published: January 2017

We present a case report of transient fetal anhydramnios following maternal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in pregnancy. This reduction in liquor volume resolved following cessation of the medication with no obvious ill-effect on neonatal outcome. The case report is followed by a comprehensive summary of the relevant literature.
Evaluation of Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Gürdal Ahmet , Eroğlu Hatice , Helvaci Füsun , Sümerkan Mutlu Çağan , Kasali Kamber , Çetin Şükrü , Aksan Gökhan , Kiliçkesmez Kadriye
Published: January 2017

Background:

Prolongation of the peak-to-end interval of the T wave (Tp-e) has been reported as associated with ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to investigate the ventricular repolarization by using the Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/ QTc ratio in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH).

Methods:

We studied 56 volunteers: These were 28 patients with SH (mean age 45 ± 11 years) and 28 healthy subjects (mean age 34 ± 8 years). All basic biochemical parameters were analyzed and electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded. RR and QT intervals, QTc, Tp-e intervals and the Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios were calculated. The categorical and numerical variables were compared using the chi-square test and independent t test, respectively. Correlations were analyzed using the Spearman and Pearson correlation tests.

Results:

We found no difference between QT and QTc intervals between groups. In the subjects with SH, the Tp-e intervals (87 ± 5 ms, 66 ± 5 ms, p< 0.01), Tp-e/ QT ratio (0.23 ± 0.03, 0.18 ± 0.01, p< 0.01) and Tp-e/QTc ratio (0.21 ± 0.02, 0.16 ± 0.01, p< 0.01) were increased compared with healthy subjects. We also found positive correlations between levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and Tp-e ( r = 0.72, p< 0.01), Tp-e/ QT ratio ( r = 0.67 p< 0.01), Tp-e/ QTc ratio ( r = 0.68, p< 0.01). In the subjects with SH, Left Ventricular Myocardial Performance Index (LV-MPI) was increased compared with the healthy subjects (0.64 ± 0.08, 0.59 ± 0.09, p = 0.066) although it was not significant.

Conclusions:

Compared with healthy subjects, patients with SH demonstrated longer Tp-e intervals, and higher Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios. TSH levels were positively correlated with Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio.
Civic Education policies: Their effect on university students’ spirit of nationalism and patriotism
Authors: Nurdin Encep Syarief
Published: January 2017

This study aims to describe the effect of implementing Civic Education policies in a university on the development of students’ sense of nationalism and patriotism; this is analysed from the perspective of Edward III’s public policy implementation dimension and employs a quantitative approach based on the descriptive verification method. The findings show that the implementation of Civic Education policies at a university influences students’ sense of nationalism and patriotism. The degree of influence is low due to several critical factors, which include the following: (1) the development of Civic Education material is delegated to each university or to the lecturers teaching the subject; thus, materials do not consistently focus on content related to patriotism and nationalism and (2) policies are ineffectively implemented in the dimensions of (a) communication, as they are not ideally communicated; (b) resources, as lecturers have varied competencies without consistent academic backgrounds; (c) disposition, as the implementers lack commitment because of the limited number of educators compared to the number of students; and (d) bureaucratic structure, as this varies by university, resulting in failed unity of command and bureaucratic fragmentation.
Body Maps: Envisaging Homophobia, Violence and Safety
Authors: Mason Gail
Published: January 2017

This article seeks to explore the implications of homophobic hostility beyond the question of individual injury. It suggests that in order to understand the cultural, or collective, implications of homophobic hostility it is necessary to position this hostility in the wider context of discursive statements of sexual visibility; that is, to consider how homophobic violence functions through the equivocal and ambiguous trope of visibility. To make this argument, the article draws upon an empirical study of sexuality, gender and homophobia, undertaken in Australia. This study suggests that the knowledge one has of homophobic hostility interacts with other factors to engender deeply embodied practices of self-surveillance that inevitably centre upon mapping the visible expressions of sexuality. Yet, the pleasure that is derived from flouting the danger of homophobia suggests that it might be helpful to consider the collective implications of homophobic violence as a question of 'management'. In light of the contested nexus between homosexuality and visibility, it is further suggested that the imperative to manage one's homosexuality as a means of negotiating safety is inevitably an imperative to manage the unmanageable.
Gendering the Pension Promise in Canada: Risk, Financial Markets and Neoliberalism
Authors: Condon Mary
Published: January 2017

This article argues that retirement income provision in Canada is built on gendered assumptions, which produce material disadvantage for women. These inequalities are being exacerbated by current neoliberal trends towards the 'marketization' and individualization of pension provision, supported by tax, securities and corporate legal norms. The argument is developed using recent legislative changes to the operation of the Canada Pension Plan and recent developments in the regulation of mutual funds in Ontario as case studies. The article concludes by sketching out some possible points of departure for feminist interventions in pension privatization debates.
Examining the Foreseeable: Assisted Suicide as a Herald of Changing Moralities
Authors: Martel Joane
Published: January 2017

After her intense battle for the decriminalization of assisted suicide in the Supreme Court of Canada, Sue Rodriguez committed suicide with medical assistance in 1994. Following her suicide, government and law representatives remained silent and no criminal charges were ever brought against the person(s) who presumably assisted Ms Rodriguez in her death. This apparent non-intervention of criminal law is examined in view of the useful role that the Rodriguez event may have played in a possible shift in the dominant morality. It is argued that the Rodriguez assisted suicide may have been a useful 'crime' (in the Durkheimian sense) in that it brought to the fore the possibility that social conditions - which made the 'crime' possible - may no longer be in harmony with conventional morality. Similarly to Socrates' crime, the Rodriguez case can be seen as an anticipation of a new morality. It can be analysed as a prelude to alterations, as directly preparing the way for changes in the dominant morality. The role of criminal law as a preferred mode of moral regulation is also examined in relation to the moral demands and expectations that arose during as well as after the judicial saga.
Towards an Intercultural Legal Theory: The Dialogical Challenge
Authors: Eberhard Christoph
Published: January 2017

The aim of the article is to present to a predominantly Anglophone audience current work in French/Quebecois legal anthropology. This work attempts to build an epistemology for an intercultural legal theory and is opening up a dialogical approach to Law, which goes beyond the mere project of an intercultural legal theory. In order to do so, the article presents the LAJP's (Laboratory of Legal Anthropology of Paris) move towards a non-ethnocentric science of Law followed by a presentation of Panikkar's and Vachon's contributions on the 'dialogical method' which clarify the epistemological foundations of a pluralist approach to Law and lead to a presentation of Etienne Le Roy's theory of 'multilegalism' [multijuridisme]. The whole approach and its relevance are then illustrated through examples on the local, national and global planes in the fields of youth justice, French legal cooperation, land law and human rights and international penal law.
Deconstructing Reform: Exploring Oppositional Approaches to Research in Sexual Assault
Authors: Graham Ruth
Published: January 2017

Book reviews: Gregory, Jeanne and Sue Lees, Policing Sexual Assault (reviewed by Ruth Graham)
Civil Solidarity or Fragmented Identities? The Politics of Sexuality and Citizenship in France
Authors: Stychin Carl F
Published: January 2017

This article examines the development of the Pacte Civil de Solidarité (PACS) in France, a legal construct which provides recognition in law to a range of relationship forms, including same-sex couples. The PACS is used as a means of interrogating the continuing importance of republicanism in contemporary French political discourse. The PACS provides a microcosm of wider issues concerning citizenship, marriage, communitarianism, multiculturalism and the meaning of French national identity in the context of globalization and transnationalism. Finally, the article considers the role of republicanism in shaping the constitution of a gay identity in contemporary France, and the impact of the PACS on that identity.
The Trial of Andrei Sawoniuk: Holocaust Testimony under Cross-Examination
Authors: Hirsh David
Published: January 2017

Andrei Sawoniuk, a member of a Nazi-organized police outfit, led an operation in a small town in Belorus in 1942-3 to kill the Jews who had evaded the main Nazi massacre. He was found guilty, not of genocide or crimes against humanity, but of murder, according to the War Crimes Act (1991) in a trial in London in 1999. This article explores the ways in which the testimonies elicited were transformed from memoirs of the Holocaust by the rules and norms of the trial process into legally admissible evidence by the processes of cross-examination and of selecting what evidence was suitable to be considered by the jury and what was not. The extraordinariness of the events with which the trial was concerned accentuated the differences between memoir and evidence. The key witnesses in the trial found ways to circumvent the rules of the court and to speak directly to the jury.
Draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum strains E2C2 and E2C5 isolated from human stool culture
Authors: Suryavanshi Mangesh V. , Paul Dhiraj , Doijad Swapnil P. , Bhute Shrikant S. , Hingamire Tejashri B. , Gune Rahul P. , Shouche Yogesh S.
Published: January 2017

Probiotic Lactobacillus species offer various health benefits, thus have been employed in treatment and prevention of various diseases. Due to the differences in the isolation source and the site of action, most of the lactobacilli tested in-vitro for probiotics properties fail to extend similar effects in-vivo. Consequently, the search of autochthonous, efficacious and probably population specific probiotics is a high priority in the probiotics research. In this regards, whole genome sequencing of as many Lactobacillus as possible will help to deepen our understanding of biology and their health effects. Here, we provide the genomic insights of two coherent oxalic acid tolerant Lactobacillus species (E2C2 and E2C5) isolated from two different healthy human gut flora. These two isolates were found to have higher tolerance towards oxalic acid (300 mM sodium oxalate). The draft genome of strain E2C2 consists of 3,603,563 bp with 3289 protein-coding genes, 94 RNA genes, and 43.99% GC content, while E2C5 contained 3,615,168 bp, 3293 coding genes (93.4% of the total genes), 95 RNA genes and 43.97% GC content. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis followed by in silico DNA-DNA hybridization studies, both the strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum belonging to family Lactobacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. Both the strains were genomically identical, sharing 99.99% CDS that showed 112 SNPs. Both the strains also exhibited deconjugation activity for the bile salts while genome analysis revealed that the L. plantarum strains E2C2 and E2C5 also have the ability to produce vitamins, biotin, alpha- and beta- glucosidase suggesting potential probiotic activities of the isolates. The description presented here is based on the draft genomes of strains E2C2 and E2C5 which are submitted to GenBank under the accession numbers LSST00000000.1 and LTCD00000000.1, respectively.
Specialization Then and Now: Marriage, Children, and the Gender Earnings Gap across Cohorts
Authors: Juhn Chinhui , McCue Kristin
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we examine the evolution of the gender gap associated with marriage and parental status, comparing cohorts born between 1936 and 1985. The model of household specialization and division of labor introduced by Becker posits that when forming households, couples will exploit the gains from trade by having one spouse specialize in market work while the other specializes in household work. Given the historical advantage of men in the labor market, the model predicts specialization by gender and therefore an earnings advantage for married men and an earnings disadvantage for married women. Is this model of specialization useful for understanding the evolution of the gender gap across generations of women. And what about children? Academic papers have shown that wages of mothers are significantly lower than those of non-mothers with similar human capital characteristics. We do not attempt to build a structural model here, but rather document how changing associations between marriage and earnings, and between children and earnings, have contributed to the gender gap in an “accounting” sense.
Retrospectives: Do Productive Recessions Show the Recuperative Powers of Capitalism? Schumpeter’s Analysis of the Cleansing Effect
Authors: Legrand Muriel Dal Pont , Hagemann Harald
Published: January 2017

Schumpeter has often been interpreted as a ”liquidationist,” someone who is convinced that economic crises are necessary and unavoidable, and thus that government noninterventionism is a sound policy in such crises. The first two sections of this paper discuss Schumpeter's views in greater detail and suggest that categorizing him as a “liquidationist” is an oversimplification and as an unrepentant “noninterventionist” is incorrect. Although Schumpeter was certainly not a strong supporter of public interventions, he did see a role for public expenditure programs in particular circumstances. During periods of recession, Schumpeter believed firmly in what he described as the “recuperative powers of capitalism.” However, when a depression becomes “pathological,” there could be a role for government to intervene. In order to understand the overall picture of Schumpeter's message, we will first try to explain Schumpeter's analysis of recessions, depressions, and the other stages of business cycles. We will also discuss how Schumpeter perceived the recuperative powers of capitalism, a core concept in Schumpeter's analysis that allows him to distinguish between physiological and pathological recessions. In the 1990s, an active line of research examined the possibility that recessions may have a productive character along with their more obvious negative outcomes, because recessions in some way might hasten the process of reallocating economic recourses from slower-growth to faster-growth sectors. Such models were sometimes referred to as “neo-Schumpeterian,” but given our analysis of Schumpeter's work, we will question whether this label is appropriate.
Is China Socialist?
Authors: Naughton Barry
Published: January 2017

It has been 40 years since Deng Xiaoping broke dramatically with Maoist ideology and the Maoist variant of socialism. Since then, China has been transformed. Forty years ago, in 1978, China was unquestionably a socialist economy of the familiar and well-studied “command economy” variant, even though it was more decentralized and more loosely planned than its Soviet progenitor. Twenty years ago—that is, by the late 1990s—China had completely discarded this type of socialism and was moving decisively to a market economy. China today is quite different both from the command economy of 40 years ago, and from the “Wild West Capitalism” of 20 years ago. Throughout these enormous changes, China has always officially claimed to be socialist. Does the “socialist” label make sense when applied to China today?
From “Made in China” to “Innovated in China”: Necessity, Prospect, and Challenges
Authors: Wei Shang-Jin , Xie Zhuan , Zhang Xiaobo
Published: January 2017

After more than three decades of high growth based on its low-wage advantage and relatively favorable demographics—in combination with market-oriented reforms and openness to the world economy—China is at a crossroads with a much higher wage and a shrinking work force. Future growth will depend, by necessity, more on the generation of increased productivity, and domestic innovation will play an important part in this. In this paper, we assess the likelihood that China can make the necessary transition. Using data on expenditure on research and development, and patent applications, receipts, and citations, we show that the Chinese economy has become increasingly innovative. We will argue that rising wages and expanding markets are among the important drivers of China's growth in innovation. On the other hand, we find evidence of resource misallocation in the innovation area: while state-owned firms receive more subsidies, private firms exhibit more innovation results. Innovation can presumably progress even faster if resource misallocation can be tackled.
A New Era of Pollution Progress in Urban China?
Authors: Zheng Siqi , Kahn Matthew E.
Published: January 2017

Over the last 30 years, China's economy has boomed. This trend has lifted hundreds of millions of Chinese out of poverty but it has also sharply increased local, regional, and global pollution levels. We look at the rise in air pollution over recent decades, and the perhaps surprising finding that in many of China's urban areas, levels of particulates (of less than 10 microns) have been decreasing during the last 10 to 15 years. We then turn to the costs and tradeoffs of air pollution, including costs to human health, reductions in worker productivity, and how people are seeking to reduce their exposure to pollution as shown by compensating differentials in real estate prices and purchases of masks and air filters. We discuss how rising incomes tend to raise the demand for environmental amenities and thus increase political pressure for environmental protection, and then we turn to the policy tools that China has used to reduce pollution. We conclude by arguing that as China's government is preparing for an additional 300 million people to move to urban areas over the next 30 years, it will have a number of opportunities for China to reduce pollution through a shift from manufacturing to services, along with various steps to improve energy efficiency and resource conservation. Overall, it seems that China is on track to improve its environmental performance in the years ahead.
A Real Estate Boom with Chinese Characteristics
Authors: Glaeser Edward , Huang Wei , Ma Yueran , Shleifer Andrei
Published: January 2017

Chinese housing prices rose by over 10 percent per year in real terms between 2003 and 2014 and are now between two and ten times higher than the construction cost of apartments. At the same time, Chinese developers built 100 billion square feet of residential real estate. This boom has been accompanied by a large increase in the number of vacant homes, held by both developers and households. This boom may turn out to be a housing bubble followed by a crash, yet that future is far from certain. The demand for real estate in China is so strong that current prices might be sustainable, especially given the sparse alternative investments for Chinese households, so long as the level of new supply is radically curtailed. Whether that happens depends on the policies of the Chinese government, which must weigh the benefits of price stability against the costs of restricting urban growth.
Blurred digital mammography images: an analysis of technical recall and observer detection performance
Authors: Ma Wang Kei , Borgen Rita , Kelly Judith , Millington Sara , Hilton Beverley , Aspin Rob , Lança Carla , Hogg Peter
Published: January 2017

Objective:

Blurred images in full-field digital mammography are a problem in the UK Breast Screening Programme. Technical recalls may be due to blurring not being seen on lower resolution monitors used for review. This study assesses the visual detection of blurring on a 2.3-MP monitor and a 5-MP report grade monitor and proposes an observer standard for the visual detection of blurring on a 5-MP reporting grade monitor.

Methods:

28 observers assessed 120 images for blurring; 20 images had no blurring present, whereas 100 images had blurring imposed through mathematical simulation at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mm levels of motion. Technical recall rate for both monitors and angular size at each level of motion were calculated. χ  2 tests were used to test whether significant differences in blurring detection existed between 2.3- and 5-MP monitors.

Results:

The technical recall rate for 2.3- and 5-MP monitors are 20.3% and 9.1%, respectively. The angular size for 0.2- to 1-mm motion varied from 55 to 275 arc s. The minimum amount of motion for visual detection of blurring in this study is 0.4 mm. For 0.2-mm simulated motion, there was no significant difference [χ  2 (1, N = 1095) = 1.61, p = 0.20] in blurring detection between the 2.3- and 5-MP monitors.

Conclusion:

According to this study, monitors ≤2.3 MP are not suitable for technical review of full-field digital mammography images for the detection of blur.

Advances in knowledge:

This research proposes the first observer standard for the visual detection of blurring.
Fetus in Fetu: Case Report and Brief Review of Literature on Embryologic Origin, Clinical Presentation, Imaging and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Sitharama Suhas Aithal , Jindal Bibekanand , Vuriti Mrudula Kumari , Naredi Bikash Kumar , Krishnamurthy Sriram , Subramania Deepak Barathi
Published: January 2017

Background: Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare entity in which a malformed diamniotic monochorionic parasitic fetal twin develops inside a normal co-twin’s body, most commonly in the abdominal cavity. FIF is differentiated from the teratoma by the presence of vertebral column often with an appropriate arrangement of other organs or limbs around it.

Case Report: A two-and-a-half-year-old girl presented with a painless abdominal swelling in the right hypochondrium. On imaging, a heterogenous soft tissue mass with internal calcific densities was noted in the retroperitoneum. The mass had vertebral organization, limb and pelvic bones. The presence of a fetiform teratoma was suspected and surgery revealed an encapsulated mass with an anencephalic head, spine, upper and lower limb buds. Histopathology confirmed the presence of a fetus in fetu. The postoperative period was uneventful with no evidence of recurrence.

Conclusions: FIF is a pediatric rarity. Cross-sectional imaging helps in differentiating it from a teratoma, meconium peritonitis and abdominal ectopic pregnancy. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for this benign condition, which requires a follow-up only in certain cases. This case report describes a retroperitoneal fetus in fetu and discusses its clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and embryologic origin.
THE "ANTHROPOCENE" IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Authors: Zerefos C.S.
Published: January 2017

no abstract available
MAJOR PALEOGEOGRAPHIC, TECTONIC AND GEODYNAMIC CHANGES FROM THE LAST STAGE OF THE HELLENIDES TO THE ACTUAL HELLENIC ARC AND TRENCH SYSTEM
Authors: Papanikolaou D.
Published: January 2017

Present day location and geometry of the Hellenic arc and trench system is only a small portion of the previously developed Hellenic arc that created the Hellenides orogenic system. The timing of differentiation is constrained in Late Miocene, when the arc was divided in a northern and a southern segment. This is based on: a) the dating of the last compressive structures observed all along the Hellenides during Oligocene to Middle-Late Miocene, b) on the time of initiation of the Kephalonia transform fault, c) on the time of opening of the North Aegean Basin and d) on the time of opening of new arc parallel basins in the south and new transverse basins in the central shear zone, separating the rapidly moving southwestwards Hellenic subduction system from the slowly converging system of the Northern Hellenides. The driving mechanism of the arc differentiation is the heterogeneity produced by the different subducting slabs in the north (continental) and in the south (oceanic) and the resulted shear zone because of the retreating plate boundary producing a roll back mechanism in the present arc and trench system. The paleogeographic reconstructions of the Hellenic arc and surrounding areas show the shortening of the East Mediterranean oceanic area, following the slow convergence rate of the European and African plates plus the localised shortening following the rapid Hellenic subduction rate. The result is that the frontal parts of the accretionary prism developed in front of the Hellenic arc have reached the African continent in Cyrenaica whereas on the two sides the basinal parts of the Ionian and Levantine basins are still preserved before their final subduction and closure. The extension produced in the upper plate has resulted in the subsidence of the Aegean Sea and the creation of several neotectonic basins in southern continental Greece in contrast to the absence of new basins in the northern segment since Late Miocene.
AN ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL TEXTBOOKS, AT 1830-1930
Authors: Makri K. K. , Pavlides S.B. , Kastanis N.
Published: January 2017

The geological education in Greece is essentially rooted in the second half of the 19th century. Since 1836, when the Secondary Education was legislated in Greece, in spite of the fact that Geology is referred to all educational programs, geology was not taught before 1880, due to the lack of competent teachers and their books. The deficiency is limited with the first complete edition of the book Geology addressed in Secondary Education. This work presents and analyzes the content of a representative sample of school textbooks of Geology, as the approach of geological theories, including the definition and interpretation of geological phenomena, is the result of the trend, followed by each author.
A NEW INTERPRETATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNAL HELLENIDES
Authors: Argyriadis I. , Midoun M. , Ntontos P.
Published: January 2017

This study is based on some new observations made from Southern and Central Evia, Argolis and North-central part of Pindos. Our observations lead us to adopt a simplified view of the paleogeography of Greek mainland just before the Alpine orogeny. The subsequent varied tectonic units originate mainly from the following paleogeographic areas:• A carbonate Arab-African shelf margin which displays several lateral transitions, ridges and basins. In the Greek mainland this margin is represented by the Preapulian, Ionian, GavrovoTripolis, Parnassos zones, Olympus platform and probably the Kavala and Thassos Marbles.• A transition zone from the shelf units to the Tethys ophiolites (Pindos Zone, Styra, Argolis and Hydra, Eretrias new unit).• Tethys ophiolites, which might represent an “ocean” fault zone or subduction of lithosphere along a weak zone.• An Hercynian continental mass (Servomacedonian).
CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE EASTERN ALPS – A RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON 40AR/39AR WHITE MICA, ZIRCON AND APATITE FISSION TRACK, AND APATITE (U/Th)-He THERMOCHRONOLOGY
Authors: Kurz W. , Wölfler A. , Handler R.
Published: January 2017

The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Eastern Alps is defined by nappe assembly within the Penninic and Subpenninic units and their subsequent exhumation. The units above, however, are affected by extension and related faulting. By applying distinct thermochronological methods with closure temperatures ranging from ~450° to ~40°C we reveal the thermochronological evolution of the eastern part of the Eastern Alps. 40Ar/39Ar dating on white mica, zircon and apatite fission track, and apatite U/Th-He thermochronology were carried out within distinct tectonic units (Penninic vs. Austroalpine) and on host rocks and fault- related rocks (cataclasites and fault gouges) along major fault zones. We use particularly the ability of fission tracks to record the thermal history as a measure of heat transfer in fault zones, causing measurable changes of fission track ages and track lengths. Additionally, these studies will provide a general cooling and exhumation history of fault zones and adjacentcrustal blocks.
TECTONIC SETTING AND DEFORMATION OF THE KALLIDROMO MT, CENTRAL GREECE
Authors: Migiros G. , Antoniou Vas. , Papanikolaou I. , Antoniou Var.
Published: January 2017

Kallidromo Mt. consists of alpine formations which in places are unconformably covered by Neogene and Quaternary sediments. The ophiolites are overthrusted on the massive Mesozoic platform carbonate sequence, which forms the basement unit. The base of the tectonic nappe is characterized by a tectonic melange that consists of sandstones, clay stones, limestones, cherts and basaltic rocks that are mainly observed in pillow forms. Two distinct compressional deformation phases (D1, D2) are traced. Deformation D1 whereas the fold axes, the predominant schistocity planes and shear zones clearly follow a N295o (±10o )-115o (±10o ) trend that relates to the Upper Jurrasic-Lower Cretaceous ophiolitic emplacement of the Eo-alpine orogeny and is the predominant feature over the entire study area. Deformation D2 relates to the Cretaceous-Eocene alpine orogeny, follows a N020o (±15o )-N200o (±15o ) trend and has a much weaker and secondary imprint in the study area. The tectonic study of the alpine and post-alpine formations shows a complex deformation pattern with a variety of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. These variations can be correlated with different phases and stages of deformation (compressional to extensional) from the timing of the tectonic emplacement of the ophiolites inUpperJurrasic-Lower Cretaceous up to the present-day field.
THE NATURE OF DUCTILE DEFORMATION IN THE PHYLLITE-QUARTZITE UNIT (EXTERNAL HELLENIDES)
Authors: Xypolias P. , Chatzaras V.
Published: January 2017

This work describes the nature of ductile deformation in the Phyllite-Quartzite (PQ) unit in terms of structural evolution and spatial variation of finite strain and vorticity of flow. The PQ unit is affected by at least three ductile deformation (D1, 2, 3) phases. However, the D2 is the dominant phase resulting in the formation of a penetrative foliation (S2) which is by far the most common structural feature in all scales of observation. A stretching lineation (L2), which trends perpendicular to the structural grain of the belt, is well-developed within the S2 plane. Numerous kinematic criteria clearly indicate west (or south)-directed transport of the PQ unit during D2. This phase is also characterized by a systematic non-linear increase of strain ratio (Rxz) with proximity to the Basal thrust. Spatial variation of kinematic vorticity number reveals an increase of pure shear component of D2 deformation towards the middle structural levels of the unit. These results are used to discuss the validity of various geodynamic models related to the exhumation of the PQ unit.
MIDDLE-LATE QUATERNARY GEODYNAMICS OF CRETE, SOUTHERN AEGEAN, AND SEISMOTECTONIC IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Caputo R. , Catalano S. , Monaco C. , Romagnoli G. , Al. Et
Published: January 2017

In order to characterize and quantify the superficial deformation occurred during Middle-Late Quaternary in the Southern Aegean, we have systematicaly analyzed the major tectonic structures affecting Crete Island. They typically consist of 10 to 30 km-long dip-slip normal faults, separating carbonate and/or metamorphic massifs, in the footwall block, from loose to poorly consolidated alluvial and colluvial materials within the hanging-wall. All these faults show clear evidence of recent re-activation and trend parallel to two principal directions: WNW-ESE and NNE-SSW. Based on all available data for both onland and offshore structures (morphological and structural mapping, satellite imagery and airphotographs remote sensing as well as the analysis of seismic profiles and the investigation of marine terraces and Holocene raised notches along the island coasts), for each fault we estimate and constrain some of the principal seismotectonic parameters and particularly the fault kinematics, the cumulative amount of slip and the slip-rate. Summing up the contribution to crustal extension provided by the two major fault sets (ca. E-W and ca. N-S) we calculate both radial and tangential (i.e. perpendicular and parallel to the Hellenic Arc, respectively) long-term strain-rates. A comparison of these geologically-based values with those obtained from GPS measurements show a good agreement, therefore suggesting that the present-day crustal deformation is probably active since Middle Quaternary and mainly associated with the seismic activity of upper crustal normal faults characterized by frequent shallow moderate-to strong (Mmax = 7.0) seismic events seldom alternating with stronger (Mmax = 7.5) earthquakes occurring along blind low-angle thrust planes affecting deeper and more external sectors of the Hellenic Arc.
GEOMORPHIC EVOLUTION OF WESTERN (PALIKI) KEPHALONIA ISLAND (GREECE) DURING THE QUATERNARY
Authors: Gaki - Papanastassiou K. , Karymbalis E. , Maroukian H. , Tsanakas K.
Published: January 2017

Kephalonia Island is located in the Ionian Sea (western Greece). The active subduction zone of the African lithosphere submerging beneath the Eurasian plate is placed just west of the island. The evolution of the island is depended mostly on the geodynamic processes derived from this vigorous margin. The geomorphic evolution of the western part of the island (Paliki peninsula) during the Quaternary was studied, by carrying out detailed field geomorphological mapping focusing on both coastal and fluvial landforms, utilizing aerial photos and satellite image interpretation with the use of GIS technology. The coastal morphology of Paliki includes beachrocks, aeolianites, notches and small fan deltas which were all studied and mapped in detail. The drainage systems of the peninsula comprise an older one on carbonate formations in the northwest and a younger Quaternary one in the south and southeast. Eight marine terraces found primarily on the Pliocene marine formations range in elevation from 2 m to 440 m are tilted to the south. In the Late Pleistocene some of the main drainage networks flowed towards the newly-formed gulf of Argostoli to the east.
SEA LEVEL CHANGES ALONG THE COASTS OF KEA ISLAND AND PALEOGEOGRAPHICAL COASTAL RECONSTRUCTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Authors: Mourtzas N.D
Published: January 2017

Sea level changes during the Upper Holocene submerged the coasts of Kea in three different phases about 5.50m, 3.90m and 1.50m respectively below the contemporary sea level thus causing sea transgression along the shores of Kea, which varied from 8m to 78m depending on the coastal morphology. These changes caused the alteration of the earlier morphology at coastal archaeological sites of the Island, as the prehistoric settlement of Ayia Irini and Classical period port of Karthaia, as well as, submerged under the sea areas of coastal human activity during antiquity, as the ancient schist quarry at Spathi bay. The study of historical, geomorphological and sedimentological data indicative of previous sea levels allow the paleogeographical reconstruction of the coasts during the period of human activities in these areas.
POST- ALPINE LATE PLIOCENE – MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE UPLIFTED MARINE SEQUENCES IN ZAKYNTHOS ISLAND
Authors: Papanikolaou M. , Papanikolaou D. , Triantaphyllou M.
Published: January 2017

Post-orogenic marine sequences crop out in two areas of Zakynthos Island: a) In Gerakas peninsula at the southeastern edge of the island and b) Along the coastal zone of central northern Zakynthos from Alikanas in the west to Zakynthos town in the east. Detailed stratigraphic analysis of Gerakas area has shown the existence of three formations separated by two unconformities: 1) Gerakas Fm Q1 comprising marls of Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene age (2.8 – 0.9 Ma). 2) Kalogeras Fm Q2 comprising littoral sandstones at the base (Q2a), alternations of sandstones and marls in the middle (Q2b) and marls (e.g. Porto Roma) in the upper part (Q2c). The age of this formation is middle Pleistocene (0,8 – 0,5 Ma). 3) Agios Nikolaos Fm Q3 comprising littoral sandstones. Stratigraphic correlations between the two aforementioned areas have been made and equivalent stratigraphic formations, slightly differentiated in the central northern Zakynthos, have been identified. The upper unconformity is well pronounced in the area of Cape Gaidaros whereas the lower unconformity is often masked by debris accumulated along the base of the cliffs produced by the compact sandstones of Q2a above the soft marls of the underlying Q1. A remarkable increase in the thickness of the middle member Q2b is observed in the northern part with respect to the equivalent Kalogeras Fm in Gerakas area. In contrast, the thickness of the upper member (Q2c) is highly reduced in the limited northern outcrops compared to those of the southeastern exposure. The Plio-Quaternary post-orogenic marine deposits in both regions represent the creation of the accommodation space formed by the westernmost extensional structure of the Hellenic arc. The two unconformities reflect sea-level changes during the Quaternary within an overall tectonic uplift of Zakynthos Island at the front of the Hellenic arc and trench system, while the entire post-orogenic sequence reflects the intense palaeoclimatic fluctuations of the Quaternary.