bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of an Experimental Light-Curing Dental Resinous Monomer
Authors: Han Ying , Xie Chao
Published: February 2014

2-((phenylcarbamoyl) oxy) ethyl acrylate (Monomer 1) was synthesized based on the raw materials of N-Z-ethanolamine (NSC), acryloyl chloride (AOC), triethylamine (TEA) and dichloromethane (DCM). The chemical structure of Monomer 1 was characterized and confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR, and the light-curing polymerization behavior was also investigated. Results showed that Monomer 1 had prospective chemical structure. Compared to commercial monomer TEGDMA, Monomer 1 had better reaction speed and conversion rate.
Surface Characteristics of Indonesian Cortical Bone Screw
Authors: Laksono Pringgo Widyo , Mahardika Muslim , Suyitno Suyitno , Dewo Punto
Published: February 2014

Machining processed with various conditions form the surface characteristics of materials. Material processes needed for forming parts such as bone screws. This paper presents surface characteristics of bone screw for orthopedic implant that processed by conventional turning machine with various conditions. Manufacturing production in conventional way of bone screw connector is expected to produce same geometry, dimensions and quality as well as the product from abroad. The screws design type that used for cortical bone orthopedic implant known as cortical bone screw. Cortical screws have fine threads along the shaft and are designed to anchor in cortical bone. In this research, screws were made of stainless steel 316L which mounted on the horizontal lathe and the head manufactured by punching machine. Bone screws which used for interfragmentary bone surgery manufactured by lathe machine with various conditions such as various thread per inch, various cutting tools angle, various cutting tools properties and also various depth of cut. So this research focus on the extent to which the influence of machining parameters namely cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate, cutting angle, number of thread and tool selection to the surface characteristic of the bone screw. Based on the result from the different machining parameter, they are affecting to the quality of the cortical screw on the microstructure, and the surface roughness.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Al 6351 Aluminium Alloy with Reinforcement Particles in the Weld Region
Authors: Karthikeyan P. , Mahadevan K.
Published: February 2014

Although friction stir welded joints of similar or dissimilar metals exhibit good mechanical properties, the nugget zone in the weld region usually shows a deviation in the properties from the rest of the region due to grain coarsening. The effect of grain coarsening at the nugget zone is further aggravated when the friction stir welded joints are subjected to annealing treatment resulting to a wide variation in the properties. In order to overcome the above problem, in the present study an attempt has been made to retard grain coarsening at the nugget zone by the addition of suitable ceramic particles in the nugget zone during welding. SiC particles of 12 microns size is added at the nugget zone in the weld region during friction stir welding of Al 6351 aluminium alloy. The test results reveal that the addition of reinforcement particles resulted in the improvement of uniformity of properties across the weld region both in the as-weld and in the annealed condition.
Effect of the Long Natural Aging on the Precipitation Sequence in Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Authors: Boumerzoug Zakaria , Hamdi Ines
Published: February 2014

In this study, the effect of the long natural aging on the precipitation sequence of Al-Mg-Si alloy was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and hardness examinations. This investigation revealed that the natural aging has a negative effect on the artificial aging. The reason behind the influence of natural aging on precipitation behavior of the Al-Mg-Si alloy is assumed to be the formation of clusters and G.P. zone during natural aging. The hardening mechanism during artificial aging was explained.
Determination of Initiation of Dynamic Recrystallization in AISI 4340 Steel
Authors: Sanrutsadakorn Apichat , Uthaisangsuk Viton , Suranuntchai Surasak
Published: February 2014

In this work, two approaches for determining critical stress and strain for initiation of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of the AISI 4340 steel were presented.The first one applied a polynomial function to represent relationship between work hardening rate and flow stress. Secondly, Cingara constitutive model were employed. To investigate hot deformation behavior of the steel, compression tests were performed at different temperatures between 850 °C and 1150 °C and strain rates between 0.01s-1and 10 s-1. Obviously, both methods provided different values of critical stress and critical strain.Accuracy of the first method depended on fluctuations of the fitted strain hardening curve. On the other hand, results of the Cingara model was primarily related to the described flow curves up to their peak points. It could be noticed that the DRX occured during hot deformation of the examined steel started when the normalized critical stress and strain reached the values of 0.735 and 0.324, respectively.
Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel in High Sulphate Content
Authors: Ismail Azzura
Published: February 2014

Austenitic stainless steels especially 316L has been used extensively in many sectors including construction, medical and household appliances due to their highly resistance to corrosion attack, reasonable cost and excel in mechanical properties. However, in corrosive media, 316L are susceptible to localised corrosion attack especially in seawater and high temperature. The corrosiveness of media increased as the anions contents increased. This paper presents the corrosion mechanism of 316L exposed to high concentration of sulphate in the salinity of seawater. The solution (media) was prepared according to the same composition as seawater including pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen. The corrosion mechanism were characterized to breakdown potential (Eb) of 316L which are the potential once reaches a sufficiently positive value and also known as pitting potential. This is the most point where localized corrosion susceptibility to evaluate and considered a potential, which could be an appropriate point according to any given combination of material/ambient/testing methods. The Eb value were identified at 4°C, 20°C, 50°C and 80°C and compared with Eb value of 316L in seawater. The Eb value of 316L in high sulphate are higher compared to seawater in every temperature which elucidate that some anions accelerate corrosion attack whereas some anions such as sulphate behaves as inhibiting effect to 316L.
Effect of Tempering Temperature on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of 800MPa Microalloy Low Carbon Bainitic Steel
Authors: Wang Ke Lu , Li Xin , Dong Xian Juan
Published: February 2014

The effect of tempering temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a microalloy low carbon bainitic steel was investigated by microscopic analysis and testing of mechanical properties. The results show that the microstructures of the tested steel primarily consists of lath bainite, granular bainite, quasipolygonal ferrite and little acicular ferrite at different tempering temperatures. With the tempering temperature increasing, the proportion of lath bainitie decreases, while the volume of granular bainite and quasipolygonal ferrite increases. At the tempering temperatures of 550-650°C and tempering time of 1 hour, the steel was mostly composed of granular bainite, quasipolygonal ferrite and a little lath bainite, which a good combination of strength and toughness can be obtained.
Influence of Thrice-Induction-Heating and Once-Quenching on Fatigue Strength of SAE52100 Steel
Authors: Mizobe Koshiro , Koike Hitonobu , Kida Katsuyuki
Published: February 2014

Martensitic high-carbon high-strength SAE 52100 bearing steel is one of the main alloys used as the principal alloys for rolling contact applications. We developed a novel repeated quenching method by induction heating in order to enhance the materials strength. The steel bar passed through the heated coil several times and finally quenched by cooling water. The rotating bending fatigue tests was done in order to investigate the fatigue strength of the steel bars. The heat affected zone (HAZ) was not expanded by the heat treatment however it was found that the thrice-induction-heating and once-quenching improved the fatigue strength. These two features indicated that the size of heat affected zone does not dominate the strength of heated-samples.
Wear and Frictional Behaviour of Metals
Authors: Alotaibi J.G. , Yousif Belal , Yusaf T.F.
Published: February 2014

In the current study, wear and frictional performances of different metals are investigated under different operating parameters against stainless steel counterface under dry contact conditions. The experiments performed using block on ring machine. Microscopy was used to examine the damage features on the worn surface and categorize the wear mechanism. Thermal imager was used to understand the thermal loading in the interface during the rubbing process. The results revealed that the operating parameters influence the wear and frictional behaviour of all the metals. Brass metal exhibited better wear and frictional behaviour compared to others. Three different wear mechanisms were observed, i.e. two body abrasion (Brass), three body abrasion (Aluminium) and adhesive (Mild Steel).
A Modified Fictive Stress Model for Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 Bulk Metallic Glass in Supercooled Liquid Region by Introducing a Time Relaxation Factor
Authors: Ma Zhi Hui , Su Hong Juan , Dong Xiang Huai
Published: February 2014

Linear and nonlinear viscoelastic behaviors of a Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 bulk metallic glass are investigated through experiments and described by the fictive stress model. Systematic deviations between the predicted stress-strain curves by fictive stress model and by the experimental results were found. In order to describe the flow stress curves of the Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BMG at different temperatures and strain rates in the supercooled liquid region more precisely, the fictive stress model was modified. The parameters of the model were optimized by the genetic algorithm, and a time relaxation factor Z' was introduced. The comparisons of the predicted compressive stress-strain curves and extrusion load-punch stroke curve by the modified fictive stress model with the experimental data show good agreements.
Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on Different Types of Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Thaweboon Sroisiri , Aung Yadana , Luppanapornlarp Suwannee , Boonpratham Supatchai , Thaweboon Boonyanit
Published: February 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) on different types of orthodontic brackets commonly used in Thailand.
Materials and Methods: The adhesion of S. mutans on 7 types of orthodontic brackets (Clarity, Spirit MB, Inspire Ice, 3M, Tomy, Ormco and W&H) was investigated in vitro. The saliva-coated brackets were immersed in a flat-bottomed 96-well plate containing S. mutans suspension (108 CFU/ml) and incubated at 37 ̇C in 10% CO2 and 100 rpm for 2 hours. The adhered bacterial cells were fixed by 99% methanol and stained with 0.5% crystal violet. The quantity of adhesion was determined by measuring optical density (OD) at 590 nm. The data were analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene test, one way ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc test.
Results: Significantly higher bacteria adhesion was found on Clarity, Spirit MB, Tomy, Ormco and W&H compared to Inspire Ice and 3M Gemini. However, there were no significant differences among the different types of bracket materials (ceramic, plastics and metal).
Conclusion: The amount of bacteria adhesion was independent of the type of bracket materials. The size and shape of brackets also played an important role in the amount of adhesion of microorganism.
The Application of Starch - Sodium Alginate Composite Coating on Transparent Paper for Food Packaging
Authors: Jiang Xuan , Chen Gang , Fang Zhi Qiang
Published: February 2014

Fluorocarbons were added into the mixture of modified starch and sodium alginate to get uniform coating solution, and the solution was then coated on the surface of transparent paper. The color as well as grease barrier property of paper at different coating weight were studied. The results showed that color under different coating weights were not significantly different from base paper. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) diagram showed the surface of paper became smoother and more homogeneous as the coating weight increased. The grease barrier property of coated papers were significantly improved compared with base paper according to Tappi-559 kit test. A highest grease rating number of 12 was obtained when the coating weight became 3.3 g/m2. The dynamic changes in contact angle studies revealed that the contact angle of the base paper was continuously decreased from 29.41 °minutes to 23.46 °within 20, the contact angles of coated papers were significantly increased, and reaching a steady state within 2min with the maximum rate of contact angle change was of merely 0.06 ° / min.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of Carbonized Rice Husk and Apricot Stone
Authors: Kudaibergenov Kenes , Ongarbayev Yerdos , Tulepov Marat , Mansurov Zulkhair , Ualiyev Zhomart , Kabdoldina Assem , Tuleshov Yerkebulan
Published: February 2014

The microstructures of carbonized rice husk (CRH) and apricot stone (CAS) were studied to understand its adsorption of crude petroleum from water. Carbonize temperature affects the pore development of CRH, resulting in elongated large pores, as evident from the SEM data. The sorption capacities of CRH and CAS were compared in relation to different petroleum products. It was evaluated their possible practical use for water clean up from petroleum spills.
Biological Effect of Exo-Polysaccharides Produced by Grifola frondosa on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury In Vitro
Authors: Zhu Xiao Hua , Jiang Lu
Published: February 2014

This paper studied the biological effect in vitro of exo-polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa (GFP) on liver injury induced by CCL4, Three different molecular weight of GFP were obtained by ultrafiltration, that were GFP-1 GFP-2 and GFP-3. The result of liver injury induced by CCL4 through detecting the cell survival rate and AST, ALT activity indicated that GFP-2 had much better protective in vitro with acute hepatic injury induced by CCL4.
Structure, Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Doped Copper Nitride Thin Films Deposited by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Yang Jian Bo , Li Xiao Feng , Li Xing Ao , Yang Jian Ping , Yang Tao , Gu Min Fen
Published: February 2014

Mn-doped Cu3N films were prepared by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering method under different manganese concentration. The deposits exhibit a satisfactory crystallinity and a preferred growth orientation along the (111) plane. The shapes of crystalline grains vary from pyramid-like to rugby-ball-like with the Mn-doping constituent in Cu3N film reaching 0.02%. The electrical resistivity of Mn-doped Cu3N films has dramatically increased from 0.102×103 Ω·cm to 0.495×103 Ω·cm at room temperature. Moreover, the reflectivity difference and ferromagnetic property have also been investigated.
The Research on Re-Design of Ceramic Products
Authors: Chen Jin Yi
Published: February 2014

In the past several decades,ceramic has been serving as a kind of traditional material which is wildly used in high-tech areas such as industry,electronics,military,etc. This essay aims to study the re-design of ceramic products. It starts with the introduction of ceramic characteristics and makes a detail discussion combined with Chinese thousands of years of cultural accumulation. This essay emphasizes the significance of ceramic re-design from three main aspects: the quality of special ceramic material, cultural characteristics and economic characteristics of ceramic. Meanwhile,it makes a point through analyzing the typical re-design cases thoroughly. Ceramic product re-design can not only revitalize current ceramic industry effectively,but also greatly increase the economic benefits. Consequently,''Design in China'' is bound to infuse fresh vigor and vitality into ceramic industry.
Preparation of Ion Implanted Porous Silica Thin Film
Authors: Bao Yong , Zhang De Yin , Luo Ying , Qian Wei , Li Kun
Published: February 2014

The porous silica thin film was selected as thermal insulation thin film of uncooled infrared detector in order to reduce device thermal conduction loss. A new ion implantation manufacture method of porous silica thin film was studied in this paper. The porous silica thin films were prepared by ion implanted method and acid/alkali two-step catalytic sol-gel method respectively for comparison purpose. H+ and N+ ion mixing implantation technique adopted makes the gas bubble in the depth and shallow of silica thin film respectively, and one setting power can form porous structure with porous rate between 17% and 29%. By properly control the heat dealing process, gas bubble will format, expand, but not abrupt in the silica thin film. Sol-gel derived silica thin film has porous rate of 62.8%, but it cannot be used as substrate of electrode film and infrared thermal sensing film because of its irregular surface. The surface of ion implanted silica thin film is even and can be used as substrate, and its insulating performance could be further enhanced by etch off the thick silica substrate from back, after pyroelectric infrared sensing layer formed.
Transparent Conducting Zinc Stannate Films Prepared on α-Al2O3 (0001) by MOCVD
Authors: Ji Feng , Zhang Xue , Lv Chang , Hou Zhen Tai
Published: February 2014

High quality crystalline zinc-stannate transparent conducting films were successfully prepared on sapphire substrates by MOCVD method. ZnSnO films with the proportions of tin and zinc from 1: 1 to 1:20 were prepared and ZnSnO 3 films were obtained when the proportion is 1:1. The structural, optical and electrical properties of zinc-stannate films were investigated.
Deposition Time Variation Analysis on Indium Tin Oxide Film
Authors: Sauli Zaliman , Retnasamy Vithyacharan , Say Ong Tee , Keng Chai Jee
Published: February 2014

Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is a transparent conducting material. The particular electrical and optical properties of the ITO make it becomes an important material that being applied in optoelectronic filed. In this paper, investigation on various parameters in time of deposition and ITO layer on specimen was done. The AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) was used to investigate grain size on specimen. It shows more layer deposition of ITO, it will increase grain size on the specimen. In addition, grain size on specimen was increased after annealing process compared test specimen before annealing process. Besides that, semiconductor parametric analyser was used to examine resistance on ITO films. The higher value of resistance is showed on test specimen after heat treatment compared to test specimen before heat treatment.
The Anode Oxidation Technics and the Characteristics of the Films of ZL101A Al-Si Alloy
Authors: Jin Guang , Li Sen , Lou Chang Sheng
Published: February 2014

ZL101A Al-Si Alloy was processed of anode oxidation by DC Pulsed power, the film thickness and micro-structure were investigated with the electrolyte concentration, oxidation time and other technical parameters; the chemical composition of the film, the phase composition and the micro-hardness were tested. The results showed that the better technical parameters of making oxide film were:anode voltage was 16 V, current density was 1 A/dm2, sulfuric acid concentration was 140 g/L, oxidation time was 30 min, film thickness was 12 μm; the Al phase, Si phase and β-Al2O3 phase were showed by XRD of the film; and the micro-hardness of the film was 288 HV0.05.
Research on the Influence of Temperature and Humidity to Asphalt Pavement Seedless Detection Technology
Authors: Wei Hui , Li Wei , Liu Ping
Published: February 2014

In order to study the asphalt pavement testing compaction technology accuracy with the non-nuclear density gauge. Pave TrackerTM Plus 2701-B is used to research the influence of temperature and humidity, and Construction dynamic detection technology and methods is established basing on 2701-B,And the type of mixture was studied. It is found that, because of the difference of temperature and humidity, the result of Compaction degree has the large variability, the increased with temperature and humidity, especially humidity affects more significant. Finally, the non-nuclear detection technology method of asphalt pavement is established, this paper presents adopting the temperature and humidity compensation or increasing the number of calibration samplesisand and testing used to make up accuracy, which can effectively improve the service performance of airport asphalt pavement.
Monitoring Welding Discontinuities with Fuzzy Control Chart
Authors: Shu Ming Hung , Chiu Chuang Chi , Nguyen Thanh Lam , Hsu Bi Min , Hsiao Wen I , Lam Thanh Hien
Published: February 2014

Over the past few years, several extensions of the traditional control charts have been proposed to adapt to the fuzziness inevitably existing in practical manufacturing processes. This paper proposed a fuzzy u chart to monitor the nonconformity of industrial products. A thorough evaluation of manufacturing conditions was also developed with certain categorization rules which can classify the process into four consequences, including in-control, rather in-control, rather out-of-control and out-of-control. With an empirical study of monitoring the weld discontinuities, our proposed approach can efficiently provide more sufficient and justified classification results in contrast with the traditional online processes monitoring methods.
The Cutting Residual Stress Included in the Surface Integrity
Authors: Huang Juan , Wang Gui Cheng
Published: February 2014

This article is for the integrity of the cutting surface, explaining the reason for the cutting residual stress generated from the mechanism, proposed several typical methods to reduce the residual stress. According to some experimental researches on cutting parameters which have been done by previous scholars, this article gives some analysis of the effects of cutting parameters of residual stress. And preliminary summary of the influence of residual stress on cutting parameters, it also provides a way for further discussion of cutting parameters and material effect on the machined surface residual stress distribution law.
The Effect of Annealing Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties of Kinetic-Sprayed Ta Coating Layer
Authors: Lee Myeong Ju , Oh Jae Sung , Kim Hyung Jun , Oh Ik Hyun , Lee Kee Ahn
Published: February 2014

The effect of annealing heat treatment on the properties of high-density tantalum coating layer produced by the kinetic spray process was investigated. Pure Ta powder with an average particle size of 24.35μm and irregular shape was used to produce the coating layer through kinetic spray process. The annealing heat treatments of tantalum coating layers were applied for an hour in an Ar gas atmosphere under temperatures of 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C. The manufactured coating layers have hardness and porosity of 270 Hv and 0.28%, respectively, showing even higher density levels than the kinetic-sprayed Ta coating layers reported to date. As the annealing temperature increased, the hardness value of the coating layer reduced from 270 Hv to 183 Hv and the porosity was verified to have decreased from 0.28% to 0.18%. The result of the additional XPS analysis confirmed that the phase generated between particle interfaces with heat treatment was Ta2O5 oxide. Based on these results, improving methods to dense the Tantalum coating layer with kinetic spray process was considered.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Molecular Sieve MCM-41 and its Adsorption Behavior for Rhodamine B
Authors: Li Zeng He , Wang Zhen Cui , Li Ge , Liu Yuan Can
Published: February 2014

In this study, MCM-41 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, using non-toxic sodium metasilicate nonahydrate as the silicon source, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as template, and sulfuric acid as the pH value adjustment agent. The effects of ratio of template agent to silicon source, pH value, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on the yield and crystallization of MCM-41 were investigated. MCM-41 was then characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and N2 adsorption-desorption testing techniques. Rhodamine B adsorption studies were carried out to study the effects of pH value and reaction time on the adsorption properties of MCM-41. The resulting MCM-41 had smooth surface with a pore size of 3-4nm and an average diameter particle of about 5μm. It had high specific surface area up to 784m2/g, thus adsorption rate of MCM-41 for rhodamine B obtained 93% when pH=3, t=15min. The reaction fitting curve of the Lagergren first order reaction model was lg (qe-qt) =-0.00586-0.803t, R2 = 0.97582.
Design of the Face Structure of the Grinding-Driller Based on Deform-3D
Authors: Zhang Ping Kuan , Sun Wang Lu , Wang Hui Lin
Published: February 2014

The process of grinding-drill is simulated by using of deform-3D. it is analyzed that deferent face structure of grinding-driller influences grinding-drill process. The reasonable taper vertex angle and amount of eccentric of the grinding-driller are gained by means of the smallest axial force & torque & lower cutting temperature. So that the reasonable face structure of grinding-driller will be gained.
Simulation of HDIs Behaviors in the Plasma Arc Cold Hearth Melting Process
Authors: Xu Xia , Kou Hong Chao , Yang Zhao , Li Jin Shan
Published: February 2014

A 3D finite element model was established using the software ANSYS to simulate the inclusions trajectories and residence time in refining TiAl alloys during PAM process. The results show that tungsten, molybdenum and niobium inclusions can be removed by the mushy region entrapment, and all of these particles which diameter is larger than 40μm are captured in the pool bottom. The residence time of inclusion depends on the particle density and size. The bigger the inclusion density or the lager the inclusion diameter, the shorter the residence will be. Moreover, the inclusions trajectories and residence time are influenced by the hydrodynamics of the melt. The buoyancy force and the drag force provided by melt drive the inclusion particles moving in the pool.
Fabrication of Polymer Micro-Patterns by Transient Thermolithography with Thickness Control
Authors: Hsu Jung Chao , Chen Jui Chieh , Hung Ming Tsung
Published: February 2014

Thermolithography uses heat as the exposure source which has the possibility to generate patterns with minimum feature size exceeding the diffraction limit in photolithography. In addition, heat transport is much slower than light which allows us to control the transport distance. In this manuscript, we use transient heating to generate micro patterns of polymer resist with different thickness. The experiments use thin film micro-heaters with pulsed heating. Different pulse widths and periods are used to control the temperature rises and accumulated heating durations. The trend of the resulting resist thicknesses reveals the important role of the relaxation time in the crosslinking reaction.
Preparation and Structural Characterization of CaCu3Ti4O12 Doped with Nickel, Ferrite, Manganese and Cobalt
Authors: Johar Banjuraizah , Che Ani Mohd. Haziq , Mohamed A.R.
Published: February 2014

Transition metal oxide-doped CCTO (CaCu3Ti4O12) ceramics were prepared by a conventional solgel synthesis method and the effects of pure CCTO and CCTO doped with Mn, Fe, Co, Ni to the crystal structure, microstructures and dielectrical properties of samples were investigated. The phase composition and microstructure were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis reveals that all samples exhibited multiphases with the pseudo-perovskite cubic CCTO phase with space group Im-3 as the main phase in undoped and doped CCTO samples. Peaks of monoclinic CuO and peroveskite CaTiO3 could also be seen in all samples which indicate that solid solution of CuO in CaTiO3 lattice was incomplete.SEM results show that doping effectively enhanced densification. SEM micrographs also suggested that the morphologies of doped CCTO ceramics had showed a matrix consisting of large grains wherein the small grains were embedded between the larger grains. Dielectric properties of pure and doped CCTO were investigated in a broad frequency range of the dielectric constant reached a value as high as εr = 29.4 at room temperature for CCTO doped with Ni at frequency (1000 Hz). Besides the sintering conditions, the microstructure and the dielectric properties of the CCTO are strongly influenced by type of doping elements.
Analysis of the Sustainable Construction Concept of the Vernacular Materials
Authors: Fang Ying
Published: February 2014

Vernacular architecture is a term used to categorize methods of construction which use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs. This paper addresses the relation between Chinese vernacular architecture and locally sourced materials, which shows that the application of the vernacular materials is the primary component of the sustainable value of vernacular architecture. To assess the contribution of these materials for sustainability, a comparison with industrial materials at level of environmental indicators was established. This paper highlights the advantages of using local materials and techniques as a factor of local socio-economic development.
Study on Scale Inhibition Performance of Modified Polyaspartic Acid
Authors: Gao Yu Hua , Liu Zhen Fa , Zhang Li Hui , Wu Yun Juan
Published: February 2014

Static and dynamic experiments were used to evaluate scale inhibition performance of modified polyaspartic acid (PASP-ASP). The static experiments showed that the PASP-ASP had good scale inhibition performance and the scale inhibition rate exceeded 98% when the PASP-ASP was 2 mg·L-1 and the solution temperature was 40 OC. In the dynamic experiments, almost no scale was formed on the heat transfer surface and the fouling thermal resistance decreases extraordinarily with PASP-ASP treatment experiment compared with the experiment without treatment. The PASP-ASP could be used in industrial cooling water systems.
Multi-Objective Control Method in Structural Displacement Interval Reliability Based on Epsilon Algorithm
Authors: Sun Zuo Zhen , Meng Guang Wei , Zhou Li Ming , Ma Kai
Published: February 2014

In this article, a kind of structural displacement controlled reliability method was presented. The interval extension of multi-objective control algorithm was applied to control the structural displacement reliability. The method has realized the goal of controlling the multiple static interval reliability indexes by the control of the structural interval parameters. In order to accelerate the speed of the structural reanalysis, the Epsilon algorithm was used in the process of the structural reanalysis when a wide range of modification happened in the interval parameters. This method can both get a satisfactory accuracy, and improve the speed of the reanalysis. Numerical examples show that the method is effective and feasible.
Evaluation of Performance in Bifacial Solar Cell
Authors: Notohara Takuo , Sugibuchi Koichi , Goda Shinji , Ishikawa Naoki , Ota Yasuyuki , Nishioka Kensuke
Published: February 2014

The most common method for solar cell installation is the inclining mounting method, this method can also be used with the bifacial solar cell. For the installation, its important to understand the properties of light which is entering the back surface of the bifacial solar cell. In this study, we measured the incidence light of the back surface of bifacial solar cell and compared its output power to the common single-surface solar cell to investigate the optimal condition for its installation in terms of (1) tilt angle, (2) height, (3) optimal region and (4) ground surface condition where the panel should be installed.
Backward-Wave Property in Left-Handed Materials
Authors: Li Hui , Xia Wen Tao , Zhang Shi Quan
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we present the backward-wave property in left-handed materials (LHM), where the permittivity and permeability are simultaneously less than zero. This property is theoretical proved by formula derivation. Then we presented a novel T-type structure LHM and its double negative property and backward-wave property are verified. We get the novel LHM and a coaxial feed rectangular microstrip antenna together and achieve the effect of backward-wave property on antenna by simulation. The results indicate that by using the LHM, the length of antenna could shorten.
Output Characteristic Analysis of Partially Shaded Back Surface of Bifacial Photovoltaic Solar Module
Authors: Sawano Naoki , Notohara Takuo , Ota Yasuyuki , Nishioka Kensuke
Published: February 2014

Using an equivalent circuit model, the output characteristics of a bifacial photovoltaic solar module under various shaded conditions of the back side of the module were analyzed in detail. From the dark current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of bifacial photovoltaic solar cell, the diode parameters were extracted. The extracted diode parameters were applied to the equivalent circuit model for the bifacial photovoltaic solar module, and the solar-module performance was calculated. There was good agreement between the measured and calculated IV characteristics of the bifacial photovoltaic solar module under various shaded conditions.
Impact of Spectral Irradiance Distribution and Temperature on Concentrator Photovoltaic System
Authors: Nishioka Kensuke , Ota Yasuyuki
Published: February 2014

The output characteristics of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system were analyzed in the data period of a year from November 2010 to October 2011. Characteristics of CPV are more sensitive to environmental factors as compared to flat-plate PV system. Especially, solar spectrum distribution has considerable influence on the output of CPV because CPV uses multi-junction solar cells. In this study, we analyzed the influence of environmental factors using average photon energy (APE) and temperature of solar cell (Tcell). Most frequent condition during operation was APE = 1.87 ± 0.005 eV and Tcell = 65 ± 2.5 °C. Performance ratio at the most frequent condition was 83.9%. These results indicated the importance of the understanding of the behavior of the outdoor performance and the accurate data of environmental conditions where the PV systems were installed.
Research of Epsilon-Negative Material and its Electromagnetic Shielding Effect
Authors: Du Yan , Bao Yong Fang , Wang Yuan
Published: February 2014

This article discusses the physical theory and mathematical modeling of epsilon-negative (ENG) material. Numerical simulation results are also given in later part of this article, and they prove that this kind of material has a great shielding effect. We mainly focus on the modeling and simulation of one dimensional epsilon-negative (ENG) material. First we set up a Drude model to theoretically simulate ENG material, and then use the finite difference time-domain methods to analyze the electromagnetic wave propagation in our shielding material.
High-Performance Multilevel-Storage Cu-Doped SiOx-Based Nonvolatile Resistance Memory Using Ion Bombardment Technique
Authors: Yang Wen Luh , Liao Chin Hsuan , Liu Sheng Hsien
Published: February 2014

Multi-level-cell (MLC) operation of Cu-doped SiOx-based (SiOx:Cu-based) resistance random access memory (ReRAM) has been reported for the first time. For this study, we employed a novel ion bombardment-induced (IB-induced) SiOx:Cu switching layer (SL). Using modulation of SET-current compliance, we completed 2-bit-per-cell memory application. The MLC resistance switching process is described in detail. Owing to controllability of Cu source from advanced IB technique, the IB-induced SiOx:Cu SL shows good cell-to-cell uniformity of MLC resistance switching parameters, including operation voltages and resistance states. Additionally, the IB-induced TaN/SiOx:Cu/TaN ReRAM exhibits infinite potential for MLC operation, such as over 3 times differentiation space among memory states, robust resistance retention, and promising operation endurance properties. During frequent MLC resistance switching, moreover, the IB-induced SiOx:Cu-based device also has excellent single-cell uniformity of memory states due to IB-induced thin Cu filament.
LED Heat Dissipation Analysis Using Composite Based Cylindrical Slug
Authors: Sauli Zaliman , Vairavan Rajendaran , Retnasamy Vithyacharan
Published: February 2014

The optical efficacy and reliability of light emitting diode is extensively influenced by the operating junction temperature of the LED. Therefore, the evaluation of junction temperature is significant. This paper reports a simulation analysis on the heat dissipation of single chip LED package with based material, copper diamond (Cu/Dia) cylindrical heat slug.Ansys version 11 was utilized as the simulation platform. The junction temperature and stress of the LED chip under natural convection condition were evaluated with varied input power of 0.1 W, 0.5 W and 1 W. Results indicated the maximum junction temperature of LED chip was attained at input power of 1 W.
Study on the Microstructure of Solar Selective Absorbing Coating Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Chen Qiao Ling , Han Qiu Ling , Ye Wen Yu , Gong Jian Hong
Published: February 2014

The solar selective absorbing coating is the key component of solar energy collector which determines the heat conversion efficiency. The coating materials mentioned in this paper were prepared by Al as substrate, Al2O3-Pt as absorbing layer and metal Ag as infrared reflector. We got three kinds of coatings by adjusting the magnetron sputtering process. Respectively testing and analyzing the performance and microstructure showed that element content of Al, N, O in the coating are of important influence on its performance, meanwhile, the better the crystallization of coatings surface, the more helpful to improve the performance of its corrosion resistance and its moisture and heat resistance.
Lithium Mobility in Lithium-Montmorillonite/Poly(ethylene oxide) Electrolytes: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Afifah Hasna , Tanuwijaya Viny Veronika , Nugraha Nugraha , Dipojono Hermawan Kresno
Published: February 2014

Classical molecular dynamic simulation was performed on electrolyte system of lithium-montmorillonite/poly(ethylene oxide) to investigate mobility behavior of lithium once it had been absorbed into montmorillonites octahedral site. Temperature of 100, 200, and 300 K were chosen for measurement using canonical ensemble. Phase space information were proceeded to do analysis on diffusion coefficients of lithium atoms and radial distribution function graphs of lithium pair. Results showed a solid-like behavior of lithium indicating its high stability inside montmorillonites octahedral site. Very little movement was observed with slight increase over temperature rise.
A Novel Charged Iridium (III) Complex for Amine Sensor Application
Authors: Mothajit Kattaliya , Wongkhan Kittiya , Jitchati Rukkiat
Published: February 2014

A new phosphorescent iridium metal with cyclometalated and dimethyl carboxylate bipyridine ligands complex 1 was synthesized and characterized. The ester functional were designed and connected as amine recognition group. The UVVis absorption and luminescence properties of complex 1 were investigated with amine. The result show that complex 1 exhibited high selectivity and efficient signaling behavior n-butylamine in acid catalyst.
Effect of Substrate Temperature on Structural and Morphological Properties of Indium Tin Oxide Nanocolumns Using RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Najwa S. , Abu Bakar Ahmad Shuhaimi , Ameera N. , Hakim K.M. , Sobri M. , Mazwan M. , Musa M.Z. , Mamat M.H. , Rusop M.
Published: February 2014

Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocolumns were successfully deposited on both glass and silicon substrates at different substrate temperature from room temperature to 300°C by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system using an ITO target. The composition of the ITO target was 90% indium oxide and 10% tin oxide. Structures and morphological properties of ITO nanocolumns were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement revealed that the main preferred orientation was changed from (222) to (400) as the substrate temperature increased. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that the roughness values were increases as the substrate temperature increases. The cross sectional and top view field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images show that densely packed nanocolumn arrays were obtained from all the samples.
Photoalignment Studies on Azo Containing Thiophene Based Acrylates
Authors: Hegde Gurumurthy , Ata Alla Rasha , Chambers-Asman D. , Yusoff M.M. , Matharu A.S. , Komitov Lachezar
Published: February 2014

The photoalignment properties of thin films made from several azo-containing thiophene-based acrylate with respect to the commercially available nematic liquid crystal (MLC 6873-100; ε>o) is reported. As observed, the photoalignment ability of these films is influenced by the number and disposition of fluoro-substituents and the position of attachment of the terminal thiophene moiety. Inclusion of a lateral fluoro-substituent (s) provides excellent photo alignment ability whereas the non-fluorinated counterpart tends to give unsatisfactory alignment quality. The performed study showed also that 2-substituted thiophenes give better photoalignment quality.
Conductivity Studies on the Effect of a Nematic Liquid Crystal on Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Electrolytes
Authors: Bin Zulkifli Ahmad Zulazlan Shah , Bin Kamarudin Muhammad Akmal , Mainal Azizah Binti , Said Suhana Binti Mohd
Published: February 2014

Recently, a few studies have shown that the introduction of liquid crystals (LCs) in polymer electrolytes would lead to an increase in the chain mobility and the ionic conductivity. It is believed that this enhancement of the polymer electrolyte performance is greatly influenced by the order parameter of the liquid crystal in this system. In this study, a deuterated 4-pentyl-4-cyano-biphenyl (5CB-d2) nematic liquid crystal-doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer electrolyte were prepared. The orientational order of the nematic liquid crystal is then investigated via the quadrupolar splittings of the deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra. The quadrapolar splitting, which is directly related to the orientational order of the liquid crystal director, was measured and compared between the embedded 5CB-d2 in the PVA electrolyte to that of the pure 5CB-d2. The conductivity of a 5CB-d2 embedded in PVA reached up to 3.28x10-1 S/cm compare to that of without 5CB-d2 which is only 2.89x10-1S/cm. The presence of 5CB-d2 in the PVA polymer electrolyte improved the electrical conductivity of the mixture through an improved charge transfer mechanism, which improves its electrical properties, a criterion useful for a device that needs high conductivity.
Dye-Improved Optical Absorption of Vertically Aligned Silicon Nanowire Arrays Synthesized by Electroless Etching of Silicon Wafer
Authors: Teoh Hui Chiang , Hutagalung Sabar Derita
Published: February 2014

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are important candidate for high performance electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their unique structures, electrical and optical properties. SiNWs were fabricated by silver-assisted electroless etching of Si wafer. Vertically aligned SiNW arrays with length about 8.75 μm and diameter of less than 90 nm have been fabricated. The reflectance of SiNWs without dye (12%) is greatly lower compared to bare Si wafer (25%). Therefore, SiNWs on Si substrate can be used as a good anti-reflection layer for a wide range of incident light. The reflectance of dye-sensitized SiNWs with red, green and blue dyes is 7%, 5.5%, and 5% respectively. The results confirmed that the reflectance of SiNWs with dye is much lower compared to SiNWs without dye and bare Si wafer. It was proven that dye on SiNWs can be used to reduce the reflectance (improved absorption) about 40% compared to SiNWs without dye.
Preparation of Porous Alumina Template for Nanostructure Fabrication
Authors: Ying Kok Kuan , Ng Inn Khuan , Saidin Nur Ubaidah , Illias Suhaila Hani
Published: February 2014

Porous alumina films are widely used as templates for fabricating one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures such as nanowires or nanotubes. Using a two-step anodisation process, we have successfully optimized the growth conditions for fabricating highly ordered porous alumina films with pore diameters ranging from 20 to 150 nm, to be used as templates for 1-D nanostructure synthesis. The effects of the anodisation conditions on pore structure and the formation rate of the films were systematically studied. It was found that low electrolyte temperatures and agitations decreased the growth rate of the films but favored the process of pore ordering. Removal of oxide layer formed from first anodisation process and removal of barrier oxide at pore ends had an important bearing on pore morphology. Besides the stand-alone porous alumina films, we have also fabricated porous alumina films on rod-shaped Al substrates.
Dielectric Properties of ZrO2 Doped on NiO at High Frequency
Authors: Sharifah Aishah Syed Salim , Mohamed Julie Juliewatty , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: February 2014

ZrxNi1-xO was prepared by conventional solid state reaction. The properties of undoped and ZrO2 doped NiO ceramics have been studied. The raw mixture of ZrO2 and NiO were ball milled for 24 hours. The samples were calcined at 1000°C for 2 hours, pressed into pellet shape at 200 MPa and sintered at 1300°C for 10 hours. The sintered samples were subjected to XRD, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Impedance Analyzer for phase identification, microstructural observation and dielectric analysis. The grains size decrease with the increment of dopant amount. Enhanced dielectric constant was observed in the ZrO2 doped NiO with x= 0.02 for the frequency range from 1MHz to 1GHz. The dielectric constant of sintered ZrxNi1-xO decreased with an increasing frequency. The result indicates that Zr ions have effectively changed the dielectric properties of NiO.Keywords: NiO, Zr-doped, XRD, SEM, Dielectric.
Enhanced Luminescence from Erbium Doped Phosphate Glass Containing ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Arifin Ramli , Zulkifeli Nur Asilah , Sahar Md Rahim , Ghoshal Sib Krishna
Published: February 2014

Enhancing the up-conversion luminescence and nonlinear optical properties by incorporating various metallic nanoparticles (NPs) into rare earth (RE) doped glass oxides is the key issue towards the fabrication of photonic devices. Series of erbium doped phosphate glasses containing ZnO NPs with composition (78.5-x)P2O5 10Li2O 10ZnO 1.5Er2O3 (x)ZnO, where 0 x 1.2 are prepared by melt quenching technique and their spectroscopic characterization are made. The amorphous nature of the glass is confirmed by XRD spectra. The influence of NPs on the luminescence characteristics using 357 nm excitations is studied and the mechanisms involved in the enhancement on emission intensity are examined. The emission spectra exhibit eight peaks in which the peak intensity of the violet and blue band (413 and 458 nm) shows gradual increment with increasing concentration of ZnO NPs added to the host matrix. The enhancement in the emission peak intensity for the transition is attributed to the effects of quantum confinement and local field of ZnO NPs. The effect of NPs within the glass matrix in influencing the optical properties are analysed and discussed. Our observation may contribute towards the development of nanophotonics.