bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
扶桑與克里斯的愛情神話——嚴歌苓的《扶桑》故事
Authors: 李 仕芬
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文目的是剖析嚴歌苓的小説《扶桑》。故事背景設於十九世紀至二十世紀的三藩市華埠。表面上，《扶桑》鋪陳的只是一個中國妓女與異族少年的浪漫故事。但這樣一個易落俗套的愛情傳奇，衛擊的卻是我們對中西文化的固有看法。女主角扶桑，一個被視爲操著賤業、社會地位卑下、流落異域的中國妓女，一直是那麼全心全意地演好自己的角色。她表演的平和寬容、自足自適，改寫了一貫以來所謂强勢、弱勢的傳統概念。
An in-depth analysis of the novel Fu Sang by Yan Ge Ling is presented in this paper. The story took place in the San Francisco Chinatown during the 19th and the 20th centuries. On the surface, Fu Sang is a simple love story between a Chinese prostitute and an American teenage boy during the dark period of early Chinese immigration in North America. Yet, through her lyrical depiction of a cliche love story, Yan Ge Ling is able to challenge our traditional views on the stark differences between Oriental and Western cultures. Fu Sang, the main female character in the novel, was a Chinese prostitute, a despicable profession in an already repressed Chinese immigrant community. However, her low social status had not prevented her from fulfilling her role within the society. Her relationship with her American lover was not one of salvation but a reversed spiritual enlightenment of the strong by the weak.
古典小説批評的現代視野——評浦安迪教授“‘文人小說‘與‘奇書文體’”
Authors: 周 建渝
Published: February 2023

未有摘要可提供。No abstract is available.
田仲一成教授研究明清戲曲的思路和方法
Authors: 吳 淑鈿
Published: February 2023

未有摘要可提供。No abstract is available.
《先秦漢魏晉南北朝詩》再檢討
Authors: 陳 尚君
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
逯欽立《先秦漢魏晉南北朝詩》，是中國近幾十年來古籍編纂整理方面最重要的收穫，其取材廣博、資料翔實、異文齊備、考訂精審、編排得宜的優點，足爲當代的文學總集編纂樹立典範。因該書完成於四十年以前，加上作者没有做最後的加工細校，仍頗存缺憾。本文以當代學術的立場，對此書予以檢討，在充分肯定其成就的同時，指出其因初稿爲《古詩紀補正》，以《古詩紀》爲校勘底本，不免沿襲了《古詩紀》的一些錯失。用書方面，就當時來説已經可稱全備，未用者僅有《詩式》五卷本等不多的幾種。近幾十年有大量新出文獻的問世，多可增補本書。在作品鑒别和取捨方面，逯氏的態度十分慎重，因此在制定體例和具體别擇中，限定稍嚴，如《周易》卦爻辭古歌、漢代七言鏡銘、小説依託作品和釋道歌詩方面，都有較大宗詩歌的缺收。
As one of the most significant achievements on the compilation of ancient books for recent decades in China, The Poems in the Pre-Qin Days, the Han, the Wei, the Jin, the South and North Dynasties edited by Lu Qinli (abbreviated to Lu's Book in the following), should be rated in the present day as classic book of collecting ancient literary works for its advantages of extensive selection, elaborate collation with complete notes, detailed materials and suitable layout. Nevertheless, since being completed forty years ago and without Mr Lu's final proofreading, Lu's Book still has some shortages. This thesis is designed to objectively review Lu's Book on the modern academic standpoint, affirming sufficiently the achievements, as well as pointing out the shortcomings. First of all, Lu's Book, with the initial name of The Supplement and Correction of Shiji, were compiled on basis of Shiji (the Collection of Ancient Poems compiled by Feng Wei'ne in the Ming Dynasty), and thus inevitably inherited some shortages and even mistakes of Shiji. Secondly, Mr Lu consulted ancient books as extensively as possible in those day, so that only a few ancient books such as The Rules of Poetry (five-volume edition, written by a Buddhist named Jiaoran in the Tang Dynasty) were left out. However, great deal of ancient books printed in recent decades may be used to supplement Lu's Book. Thirdly, Mr Lu's meticulosity and severe restriction in selection brought about great omission of poems such as the ancient ballads in the explanations of divinatory symbols in Zhouyi (the Book of Changes), seven-character inscriptions on copper mirrors in the Han Dynasty, poems under someone's name in ancient novels, poems with relation to Buddhism and Taoism, and so on.
東漢趙壹《非草書》作時考
Authors: 馮 翠兒
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

東漢趙壹《非草書》一文在書法理論史上具有相當重要的地位，且對文學理論的影響也不小；但它的作時，至今仍未得到滿意的考證結論。故本文將結合東漢末年多件史實，推斷它的大概寫時和探索趙壹的寫作動機。希望後人在引用《非草書》時，不致產生偏頗，從而爲書論和文論的研究帶來點幫助。The article “Fei Cao Shu” written by Zhao Yi of Dung Han is highly commended and has important influence on the theories of calligraphy and literature. However, when it was written remains doubtful, and there have not yet been some well-accepted proves. This article tries to draw together a number of historical facts in the late Dung Han Dynasty to deduce the approximate time when it was written and investigate Zhao Yi's written motives. The purpose is to eliminate possible bias when reference is made to “Fei Cao Shu", thus making some contribution to the studies of the theories of calligraphy and literature.
《四庫提要辨證》
Authors: 陳 尚君
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

《四庫提要辨證》是一部訂正清代官修的《四庫全書總目提要》訛誤的學術專著，是現代著名古文獻學家、目録學家余嘉錫先生的學術代表作，也是中國現代學術史上最有影響的著作之一。余嘉錫先生於1948年當選爲中央研究院院士，主要就是因爲這部著作的鉅大成就。(撮要取自內文首段)
《唐浩明評點曾國藩家書》
Authors: 龍 建春
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

《曾國藩家書》（以下簡稱《家書》）刊行於世已有一百十三年了，僅在上一個世紀，《家書》的傳播出現了兩次高潮：第一次是三十年代中期，在不到三年的時間内，出版並保存至今的就有九種；第二次是八九十年代，有人統計，近二十年時間内出版《家書》多達一百餘種。毫無疑問，《家書》盛傳歷久不衰，首先在於它本身具有“充分反映了傳統儒學的爲人立世之道，表露了曾國藩在人品、精神上令人奪目的一面”、“獨樹一幟的家訓”和“誠懇”的風貌這些内在因素，但第二次空前的高潮首先是因《曾國藩全集•家書》的整理而起，隨着長篇歷史小説《曾國藩》的廣泛發行而進入的。新世紀出版的這部《唐浩明評點曾國藩家書》（以下簡稱《唐評家書》），對已持續達十餘年的曾國藩熱潮而言，是推波助瀾；對《家書》而言，則是錦上添花！《唐評家書》的主要内容和基本特色，海内外數萬有書的幸運者已了然於目，已各得於心；無書的也可以從盧雅女士的《唐浩明評點曾國藩家書》一文和美惠友書店的《簡介》等處獲悉，無需筆者多嘴！因而，本文僅就唐先生“添花”的兩種特技——形象展示和心靈破譯，略陳淺見。(撮要取自內文首段)
歷史碎片以及中國詩的現代行程
Authors: 黄 子平
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

講述“中國詩的現代行程”是一樁不可能的任務。大約一百年前，自從中國人試圖用詩歌來表述自己的現代經驗，就陷入了由傳統/現代、横的移植/縱的繼承、個人/社會、文言/白話、自由/格律等等多重的二元對立之泥沼，（近年又加上了知識分子/民間、上半身/下半身等等更生動的範疇），殺聲如雷義旗蔽天，人困馬乏舉步維艱。這是一個“燃燒的迷津”（朱大可語），火光熊熊，烽煙四起，卻既没有路綫圖，也没有時間表。依九葉老詩人鄭敏的説法：(撮要取自內文首段)
文學無意構建“新滿洲”——《新滿洲》雜誌考述
Authors: 劉 曉麗
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文是對僞滿洲國時期存在時間最長的一本中文文化綜合期刊《新滿洲》的考述。詳細考察《新滿洲》雜誌7年的編輯流程，清理出雜誌的真實辦刊策略。在僞滿洲國那個異態時空中，《新滿洲》雜誌既要維持自身的生存，又要維護雜誌的尊嚴。雜誌以文學爲手段，在順從“規範”的同時卻走向與之無關的不合作之路。在妥協和抗争的同時運作下，雜誌中的文學出現了獨特的景觀：妥協中催生的通俗文學，承載了創生新文體的文學精神；妥協中催生的女性文學，提供了新的文學經驗。It is a textural research and recounting on “New Manchou”, a comprehensive periodical on culture written in Chinese, which lasted the longest during the period of Puppet Manchou State. The writer careful study on the 7 years that “New Manchou” had experienced, the dissertation reveals the real management strategy of this periodical. Under the tough suppression and mighty rule of the illegitimate government, “New Manchou” had to keep its existence and maintain its dignity as a periodical. By using literature, the periodical abided by the government’s art and literature policy but did no cooperation with it. Driven by attitudes that combined compromise with struggle, the literary works published in the periodical contributed to modern Chinese literature in the following ways: popular literature carried the literary spirit to create new literary forms; and women’s literature provided new literary experience.
上博簡《孔子詩論》與《詩經》成書考
Authors: 王 志
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
通過上博簡《孔子詩論》與其他古代傳世文獻相互參證，不難發現：孔子編詩前，“周詩”已經人編輯而流行於世，上博簡《孔子詩論》所論亦爲“周詩”。今本《詩經》一書當始成於孔子晚年，是孔子晚年以“周詩”爲基礎，前承師挚與萇弘（或他人）之功重新選編、正名、論次而成。因此，《詩經》的編輯也就深刻地寄託了孔子的儒家思想。
By comparing Confucius Commentary on ShiJing written on bamboo slips collected in Shanghai Museum with the ancient literatures, we can find that the poetry written by the people of Zhou dynasty had been edited in a collection named the Poetry of Zhou before Confucius edited the book of ShiJing, Confucius’ Commentary on ShiJing written on bamboo slips collected in Shanghai Museum is a review of the Poetry of Zhou. When he returned to his homeland in his old age, Confucius began to edit the book of Shijing in detail. Before Confucius, however, both ShiZhi （師摯）, a music officer of the state of Lu （魯）and Chang Hong （養弘）, an officer of Zhou dynasty, had edited the poetry written by the people of Zhou dynasty. When he edited the book of ShiJing, Confucius laid his foundations on the works not only of ShiZhi, but also of ChangHong. Confucius added some poems to the Poetry of Zhou, and besides, classified these poems into different categories and in a different order. By editing the book of ShiJing, Confucius expressed his philosophical thinking of Confucianism.
吳俊：《魯迅評傳》
Authors: 陳 志明
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

無論在現代文學史或是現代思潮史上，魯迅（周樹人，1881-1936）都是舉足輕重的人物。他是五四以來以辛辣的、高度諷剌的筆端批判時代的第一人，也是1949年之後幾乎唯一沒有受到批判的新文學作家。魯迅作為現代文學的先驅，以及他在近代以來反傳統思潮中的地位是無可置疑的。魯迅作為反傳統的急先鋒，已成為這時期文人思潮的象徵符號。不過，評價人物的標準，往往為時代所限制。當新中國成立時，為了要與舊傳統劃清界線，因此，突出魯迅的反傳統是有深遠意義的；特別是在強調破舊立新，強調要重建新的社會主義文化的時代，反傳統特別具有其號召力。可是，當人們了解到全面反傳統是走不到目標的時候，傳統與現代轉化之間的關係，又再成為關注的重點。而魯迅也在這個時候給人重新「發現」了。説是重新發現，倒不如説是重新爲他定位。吳俊（1962—）的《魯迅評傳》便是這類作品其中一部。(撮要取自內文首段)
清代東南書院與文士之風氣
Authors: 徐 雁平
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

書院山長講席，無論就脩金，還是聲譽而言，對於有文才學識的士人而言，無疑是理想的職業；書院對於肄業生徒而言，可提供膏火和課獎，近似養士機構。書院因其自身特性網羅集結了大批文士，有利於學術和文學的交流，并形成文士在省内或省際之間的流動。從文士的流動而言，東南三省可視爲内在關聯緊密的文化區域。因爲山長和生徒的集結或多或少與經濟利益相關，也造成了書院講習中的逐利之風。清代書院大多爲舉業型書院，一些有識之士，在此大格局下，對講習内容有程度不同的調整，有充分肯定舉業、并試圖開引向上一路者，亦有舉業與古學兼課、或專課古學者。到道光朝，隨著國勢與思潮之變，書院中舉業與正學（或實學）的關係愈顯緊張，故多有效仿胡安定（胡瑗）分齋課士的書院，實學（有用之學）的地位漸漸提升，而舉業一統天下的局面遂有瓦解之迹象。If annual salary and reputation were used as the standards of assessment, teaching in an academy during Qing dynasty was an ideal profession for the literary and knowledgeable man. And for students in a academy, they gained subsidies and scholarships through exams, so an academy was like an educational institute without paying tuition. Because of this characteristic, many literary men and scholars gathered in the academies, and it promoted the academic and literary exchange. They were floating resources in one province and between two provinces. From the view of literati mobility, the three provinces in the southeast region formed a cultural region, which were closely linked. Affected by the financial factor, there existed an unhealthy tendency for profit. Most academies were for imperial civil examination, but some literati with insight tried to adjust the contents of the courses. One way was to pay more attention on the classics studies under the condition of affirmation the imperial civil examination; the other way was to teach the courses of imperial civil examination and orthodox scholarship, and even to teach orthodox scholarship with concentrated attention. During Daoguang period, along with the changes of national power and trend of thought, there occurred obvious tension between the imperial civil examination and orthodox scholarship (or practical learning), and some academies imitated Hu Anding's class schedule with an emphasis on special field of study. The importance of practical learning increased gradually, and the decisive role of the imperial civil examination began to shake and to decrease.
儀式與戲劇——以鬼魂爲中心的觀察
Authors: 劉 楚華
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

民間祭醮以鬼魂爲超度對象，習俗喪葬儀式常附帶搬演鬼戲。本文試圖在儀式與戲劇交叉的互文中，以鬼魂爲考察點，梳理鬼魂觀念的兩種文化演繹，並比較其形態之異同。筆者以爲，儀式鬼與戲劇鬼，雖有同工，究是異曲，一如宗教思維與戲劇藝術的關係，雖縱横交接、相互利用，實經緯分明。The sins of ghosts are expiated in sacrificial folk rituals; “ghost plays” thus become a supplementary repertoire of customary funerary ceremonies. The present study focuses on ghosts within the contexts of rituals and drama. It is an attempt to examine and compare how the conception of ghosts is interpreted in the two different cultures. The author argues that “ritual ghosts” and “drama ghosts” share certain similarities but are substantially different. Just like the relationship between religious thought and dramatic art, they are related to each other in many ways and reciprocally draw on each other, but they belong to two distinct disciplines.
一點情千場影戲——論《南柯夢》裏的視覺與宗教啓悟的關係
Authors: 華 瑋
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文旨從視覺與宗教啓悟的角度，探析晚明戲曲家湯顯祖在《南柯夢》裏的獨特藝術構思與思想内涵。《南柯夢》裏的禪師與凡人，悟道與癡迷的界線主要繫於眼光的差異；而戲外觀戲，是人是蟻？是夢是真？觀看的方式如此撲朔迷離，此中的設計又該如何詮解，而與“夢了爲覺，情了爲佛”的意旨相聯繫？“臨川四夢”之中，《南柯夢》向來最不爲人所重，但誠如吳梅所言：“‘四夢’中惟此最爲高貴。蓋臨川有慨於不及情之人，而借至微至細之蟻，爲一切有情物説法；又有慨於溺情之人，而託喻乎落魄沉醉之淳于生，以寄其感喟。”《南柯夢》實乃湯顯祖嘔心瀝血之作，其中對情、對戲劇、對宗教的啓示意義，以及三者間千絲萬縷的聯繫，都藉由視覺而有獨特而深刻的展現。
This article aims to explore the artistic conception and intellectual content of Nanke meng (The Dream of the Southern Bough), the least discussed play from the late Ming dramatist Tang Xianzu. In this play the two most important male characters, the Chan master Qixuan and the knight errant Chunyu Fen represent different pursuits in life at the beginning of the play but are joined in the end when Chunyu too, has reached Buddhist enlightenment upon seeing the illusory nature of all dharma. As argued in the paper, Tang Xianzu ingenuously employs the motif of vision no less than dream as the way to spiritual enlightenment via emotional attachment and delusion. Evidently, this narrative progress from attachment to enlightenment was very significant for Tang in terms of his view on qing (committed affection), his idea of drama and theater as well as his personal relationship with the well-known monk Daguan, his close friend and teacher.
論《三禮》主體名式和類旨
Authors: 李 開
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
研習《三禮》，最重要的是要抓住其内在的邏輯，即所謂名式，把握它們的大綱，並瞭解各類的要義，這樣就能做到綱舉目張。文章認爲《周禮》的主體名式是“六官”正名系統，抓住“六官”，循此以進，就不難看出《周禮》是個政治學、組織學、社會學的圖景，歸根到底還是個語言哲學的圖景。《儀禮》則是四大類、八大綱，各綱含篇，瞭解各綱要義，高屋建瓴，力避繁瑣，以至僅研究它的名物詞，也成了揭示《儀禮》名義系統的途徑。《禮記》可分八大類，也可分三大門類：概述禮義要旨、古代禮儀制度、古代文化史。文章以第一類爲例，它由通論16篇和《樂記》組成，如通過傳世文獻和出土文物的對照，揭示出《緇衣》所含傳統道德固化説，又如分析出《樂記》有關古代音樂理論22條等，均可值得注意。
Covering of the Chinese Ancient Books SanLi (ZhouLi 《周禮》, The Propriety of the West Zhou Dynasty; YiLi《儀禮》, The Ceremony-rite of the West Zhou《禮記》, The Explanation of the Chinese Ancient Propriety) you should mostly grasp logic inside them, namely say as the logic-name-pattern, take their main headrope of fishing net and understand their categories significance, and all the mesh of a fishing net opens when its headrope is pulled. The article maintains that main logic-name-pattern of ZhouLi is the name system to assign right job to suit some peoples’ status or Position of “LiuGuan” (six parts of bureaucrats). If we are grasping “LiuGuan” and following it in order and advanced step by step, we can easily discover that is political and structuralogical and sociological the scene, ultimately, that is linguistics-philosophical the scene. YiLi has 4 large categories 8 general outline. Every outline contains some articles. If we know the main significance of every outline, we can operate from a strategic commanding height and prevent overelaborate. Even to research the words of thing and its name, this is also a path of throwing light on the named system of YiLi. Liji was distinguished 8 parts or 3 large parts. There are onlines of main significances of the propriety and rules of ancient rite and the history of ancient culture. The article takes the first part as example. It contains 16 introductions and Yueji (on music). We compare the literary works with cultural relics excavated from underground and reveal regularization of traditional ethics that the paper ZhiYi (the black clothes) contains, and we analyse 22 ancient music theory contained by the book. All these can be given an attention.
《頭陀寺碑文》所用佛典與《涅槃無名論》之真僞
Authors: 程 章燦
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
晉代名德僧肇《涅槃無名論》之真僞問題，是魏晉南北朝佛教史的一個著名學術公案，至今未有定論。被選入《文選》卷五十九的王巾《頭陀寺碑文》駢儷用典，歷來被當作佛教駢文的典範。碑文中大量引證僧肇《涅槃無名論》之語句，初唐李善對此已有標注，加上高步瀛和筆者所發掘者，計達二十五條，其中只有一條不見於《涅槃無名論》。由此可見《涅槃無名論》流行於東晉南朝，其絶大部分内容應是可信的。
The Treatise on Nirvana by the Jin monk Seng Zhao is an important paper in the Buddhist history of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, however, whether it is a pseudograph remains disputed. As an example of Buddhist parallel prose, Wang Chin’s “Dhuta Temple Stele Inscription” was included in the famous anthology Wen Xuan. As the early Tang scholar Li Shan noted, it alludes to The Treatise on Nirvana in 25 places, only of which cannot be located in the extant version of the treatise. The treatise is very popular in the Southern dynasties, and most of the extant version is authentic.
小説家詩歌的另一種風采——劉鶚《鐵雲詩存》詩學生態審美
Authors: 李 金坤 , 羅 時進
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
劉鶚《老殘遊記》蜚聲中外，研究日盛。其實，他的《鐵雲詩存》則别有風采。詩中時弊民瘼、自身困厄、戀鄉思親、友誼豔情、登覽題詠、考古雅玩、海外見聞等等，無所不見。其詩興之所至，任情而發；體物寫心，比興優美；俗中見雅，清新俊逸；善於化用，勇於創新，頗含唐詩的豐神情韻。劉鶚堪稱是才情兼美的優秀詩人。其詩學生態值得研究。
Liu E’s Lao Can You Ji well known all over the world, is being studied by an increasing number of scholars. In fact, another work of Liu, Tie Yun Shi Cun, shows a different style. In this anthology of poems, the poet recorded common people’s hardships, the poet’s own perplexity, homesickness, friendship, love story, mountain-climbing appreciation, archaeological study and overseas information, etc. Liu wrote these essays upon the arrival of inspiration. Wonderful rhetorics were used when appreciating an object with elegance concealed in plain words. He is a craftsman excelling creative application of allusion, which is typical of the Poems in Tang Dynasty. In a word, Liu is a poet who has both talent and refined taste and his poems contained certain ecological research values worth while studying.
南戲《荆釵記》古劇本的階層分化以及其近代以後的傳播方式
Authors: 田仲 一成
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文通過對比《荆釵記》的古本，修正古本、閩本、京本、徽本、弋陽腔本、近代高腔本等各系劇本的特性和繼承關係，指出《荆釵記》的近代地方戲劇起源於明代嘉靖以前的鄉村戲劇，與上層宗族社會流行的京本無關。

This essay argues that some modem regional plays on the thematic circle of The Thorn Hairpin (Jingchai ji) originated from rural plays before the Jiajing reign-period (1521-1566) of the Ming dynasty, and were therefore unrelated to the Capital edition that was popular among the upper social class. This is based on analyses of the characteristics of various plays, as well as their inherited relationships. These analyses mainly rely on a comparison among the old editions of Thorn Hairpin, revised editions, and the Min (Fukien), Capital, Hui (Anhui), Yiyang-tune and modern high-pitch tune editions.
關於曹操《薤露》的首句——怎樣理解“漢〇世”
Authors: 高芝 麻子
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

曹操《薤露》的首句現存三種異文：“惟漢二十世”、“惟漢二十二世”、“惟漢廿二世”。一般認爲，《薤露》是獻帝時的作品，它的首句指的是靈帝，“惟漢廿二世”是原文。但是，現在的研究兩漢歷史的書大多認爲靈帝是兩漢的第25代皇帝，獻帝是第27代皇帝。那麽“20”、“22”是怎麽計算出来的呢？根據前後兩漢的記録，我們可以知道，當時大略有三種“漢O世”的用法：數皇帝的人數（不含吕后），數皇帝的人數（含吕后），數皇帝的世代。（三種教法都不包括少帝、廢帝。）隨著時代的變化，數法也有所改變，“漢O世”有時候指皇帝本人，有時候指皇帝的朝代。本文試圖根據這一類資料來探討曹操《薤露》首句的内容和曹操做這首詩的用意。

The first line of Cao Cao’s “Xie Lu” has three different texts and two different meanings. The difference in meaning is in the number given to Emperor Ling. One calls him “Han’s 20th”, the others, “Han's 22th”. But now when we count all the Han emperors, they number 27, with Emperor Ling as 25th. How can we understand this difference? Based on historical material, this paper classifies the numbers into three categories, to explain the first line of “Xie Lu”.
香港近五十年《詩經》研究述要
Authors: 林 慶彰
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文敘述近五十年（1955—2007）香港學者研究《詩經》一書的成果。全文依林慶彰主編《經學研究論著目録（1912—1987）》之類目，分《詩經》總論、《詩經》基本問題、國風研究、雅頌研究、語言文字研究、分類研究、《詩經》反映的文化風貌、《詩經》學史研究、比較研究、國外研究等節敘述。基本問題和《詩經》學史又分數小節敘述。結論以爲香港的《詩經》研究，早期以何敬群、潘重規、李雲光等人的成果較豐碩；當代學者則以李家樹的研究成果最受矚目。年輕一輩則以李雄溪、陳致、盧鳴東的研究成果較爲凸出。香港的官方語言是英語，學者的英文水平比中國大陸和臺灣的學者高出許多，應利用此一優勢，多關心歐美的《詩經》研究成果。

This paper presents the results of the study of Shi jing by Hong Kong scholars over the past 50 years (1955-2007). This paper follows the categorization in Jing Xue Yan Jiu Lun Zhu Mu Lu (1912-1987) 經學研究論著目録 (Bibliography of materials for the study of Chinese classics), which includes general studies, primary issues, study of the Airs, study of the Elegantiae and Eulogies, linguistic and paleographical studies, categories, cultural features reflected in the Odes, history of the study of Shi Jing, comparative studies, study of the Odes outside Hong Kong. The parts of primary issues and the history of the study of Shi Jing are further divided into a number of subsections. The conclusion reached is that Ho Chien-tsung, Pan Chung-kwei and Lee Yun-kuang were leading scholars of the study of Shi Jing in Hong Kong in the old limes, with Lee Kar Shui contributing the most in the field. Lee Hung Kai, Chen Zhi and Lo Ming Tung are the most impressive among the younger generation of Hong Kong scholars. The official language in Hong Kong is English, so compared to scholars from the Mainland and Taiwan, the Hong Kong scholars have a better command of English, and therefore should use this advantage to be more involved in the contribution of the Western sinology to the study of Shi Jing.
傳世本《文子》及許慎、高誘釋讀《淮南》考
Authors: 鄭 麗娟
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

《淮南》一書，向稱難讀。自西漢成書以來，《淮南》屢經傳鈔，當中訛誤衍脱甚多，加之其書文辭深奥，學者欲求通讀其書，誠非易事。猶幸《淮南》之文多與《文子》互見，而多存《淮南》舊貌，故前輩學者屢取《文子》、《淮南》互見重文，以正《淮南》之失。學者既嘗提出書證，以明今本《文子》成書於東漢之世，其年代與傳世之《淮南》許慎、高誘注解之撰寫年代，相去未遠。然則比對今本《文子》及許慎、高誘對《淮南》之訓釋，或有助了解漢人釋讀《淮南》之異同。本篇之撰，欲蒐集今本《文子》、《淮南》互見之文，復旁考許慎、高誘相關注解，進而比對今本《文子》、許慎、高誘三家，對《淮南》之訓解，以見三家説解之同異，冀能有助於《淮南》文辭之整理、文義之理解。

It is generally acknowledged that the received version of the Wenzi 《文子》 is closely related to the Huainanzi 《淮南子》. By comparing the received version of the Wenzi with the Huainanzi comprehensively, scholars have expanded on typical examples to point out that the former modified the latter in various ways. In addition, scholars have provided plausible evidences to hint that Eastern Han 東漢 period was the date of compilation the Received Wenzi. This evidence shows the Wenzi should be compiled around the age of Xu Shen 許慎 and Gao You 高誘 when they wrote their commentaries on the Huainanzi. Base on investigations of scholars, this paper shows different interpretations of the Huainanzi by the Received Wenzi, Xu Shen and Gao You. This will be helpful to achieve at more reliable reading of the Huainanzi.
鄕音已改——自由民教育的比較觀
Authors: 余 國藩
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

謝校長、施熙柏（Hiebert）院長、各位教授同仁、同學和全體貴賓：浸會大學在香港作育英才無數，今天下午我能在此演講，恭賀貴校四十周年校慶，深感殊榮。貴校從海外遴選來此共襄盛會的客人才不過數位，區區竟叨忝其間，又令我倍感光采。我生於香港，長於香港，倘能容我説得切身一些，這點令我感激尤甚的是，今年也是我離港四十周年：就在貴校草創當年，我揮別九龍塘故居（講得精確點，是約道九號），揚帆赴美接受大學及研究院教育。縱然我要到此刻才有幸站在會大學的講台上，我要説若非責校盛情邀請，我還不能深刻感受到遊子返鄉的喜悦。

在今天這種舊雨重逢的場合裏，我也很難不提到八世紀的唐代詩人賀知章。他的七言絕句〈回鄉偶書〉，許多中國人可能從小學時代就已經背得滾瓜爛熟，而引用者又代不乏人，縱然有一點陳腔濫調的味道，更早已變成返鄉的渴望與感覺的典型代表。這首詩大家耳熟能詳，一定記得前兩句：

少小離家老大回鄉音無改鬢毛衰

詩中「鄉音」一詞，指的當然是敍述者的言談方式，字面上可能包含所用方言的習語體式和正確聲調。這種語言現象清楚顯示，從中國中世紀——甚或是上古盛世以來——語言上的地域主義早已蔚為風氣。如此理解，賀知章用這兩句詩寫下來的境遇，就不僅止於他個人的生平感懷。數百年來，這兩句詩頻見引用，吟詠背誦，中國人恆古肯定與冀求的言簡意賅的理想合盤托出，我們心領神會。詩中的敍述者如今已「鬢毛衰」，而這種體態上極其私祕的明顯改變顯示時間飛逝，自然或許也因此而變化不迭，敍述者的文化養成——亦即其人的「鄉音」——卻不知怎的仍未改變。換句話説，人類後天所習，不會為生理或遺傳所囿。

我這般解讀〈回鄉偶書〉中的這兩句詩，並不是要暗示賀知章作詩時，心中已存有自然與文化的對立分野。我們都知道，現代教育奠基在西方的人文學科之上，而後者又弁創於五世紀的雅典。上述兩個範疇，正是現代教育的要項。現代人認為，語言乃話語的某種形式，不是與生俱來，而是下過工夫才能習 得。此一見解，賀知章甚且大有可能不知。然而我真正想説是，從現代人的角度來閲讀這首唐詩——即如我目前所致力者——實不能置其諷意於不顧。詩人所説都關乎自己，這一點真而又真，不用質疑可也。儘管如此，由於此刻我正在挪用這兩行以説明我目前的心境，所以我還是不能不問個問題：賀知章的説法，有多少適用於像我一樣的讀者？

至少就我個人而言，賀知章詩中所説和我的情況有異。這一點我心知肚明。一九五六年離開香港以來，我雖曾數度返港，卻越來越覺得「鄉音」已經逐漸在轉變。我當然沒有忘記廣東話，每天家裏都還在説。在學校，也常和廣東來的學生説。遇有親戚來訪，那甭提講的一定是廣東話。雖然如此，幾年來，耳朵尖的香港朋友和親人卻也常賜教，從我日常所講中發現發音怪奇，偶爾會竄改句構，字彙也用得頗為造作。廣東話的生命日新月異，全仗無以數計新鑄的字詞所致，而友人或親戚更不斷笑話我孤陋寡聞，這方面一概懵懂無知。易言之，我的返鄉避免不了、也掩飾不了我「鄉音已改」的明顯事實。這個名詞待會兒會是演講的主要隱喻，我認為所指不限於話語型態和習慣的變革。過去四十年來，我在海外從學生當起，以迄目前忝列大學教席，如果説我在其他方面一無更改，那是自欺欺人。我改變的可多了，包括知識、學術觀念、感情上的偏愛，以及價值觀等等。總而言之，這也就説我整個文化認同(cultural identity)都已不同於往昔。我惟有敞開心胸，招認自己的轉變，才能抖膽一談「自由民」或「文理」教育(liberal education)這個課題，因為這個課題本身早已貼上「鄉音已改」的標籤。
對《白馬論》的邏輯分析
Authors: 葉 錦明
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

白馬論的論旨是“白馬非馬”。此説一向以來引起了不少爭議。其實，“白馬非馬”這命題是可以有多種不同的語意詮釋的。本文通過邏輯分析的方法，把其中不同的語意詮釋分析清楚，以揭示並由此消解白馬論的誤導性。The main thesis of the “Theory of White Horse”, namely that white horse is not horse, has aroused a large number of philosophical controversies. The present paper is an attempt to show that the thesis just mentioned is semantically ambiguous, such that the technique of logical analysis can be employed to clarify the ambiguity of the thesis concerned and accordingly to reveal the misleading nature of the Theory of White Horse.
「蘇詩始學劉禹錫故多怨刺」辨
Authors: 劉 衛林
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

歷來論蘇軾詩學源出者，往往徵引《後山詩話》「蘇詩始學劉禹錫故多怨刺」這條材料，來説明蘇軾詩與劉禹錫詩的關係。本文從詩歌內容、作品風格及文獻資料各方面，論證蘇軾諷剌詩與劉禹錫詩本無關係。並指出蘇詩多怨刺實有本身原因，非學自劉禹錫。從而得出蘇拭雖曾學劉詩，然而決不在於怨剌的結論，推論今本《後山詩話》所載「蘇詩始學劉禹錫故多怨剌」之説，未必可信。This essay attempts to argue, in terms of substance, style as well as bibliography, that Su Dongpo's sarcastic poems have no immediate connection with Liu Yuxi's. Su's sarcasm is not an offspring of Liu, though the former really learned something else from the latter. Accordingly, Houshan Shihua's view that Su derives his sarcasm from Liu is not a sound one.
歐陽修《贈王介甫》“吏部文章二百年”用典爭議考
Authors: 姜 龍翔
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

歐陽修曾寫下“吏部文章二百年”詩句贈送給王安石，但後世文人對“吏部”指涉對象解釋紛歧，甚至産生許多扭曲二人形象的故事。此文透過分析歷代筆記、詩話作品中的相關記録，整理出宋朝文人對此詩句典故有不同的解釋，有以爲這是沈約稱讚謝朓之語，有以爲這是出自孫樵的文章。並且根據典故來源的不同説法，也發展出了影響二人形象的各種附會故事。這些探索多出於文人閲讀相關文獻時的個人領會，在未有明確證據的情況下，重新解讀詩歌典故，甚至不惜顛倒事實。此文更進一步探討歐陽修發揚韓愈文章的時間點，以及孫樵批評韓愈的用意，指出“吏部”確實指韓愈，“二百年”是歐陽修繼承韓愈文章的時間，“吏部文章二百年”是歐陽修創造的詩句，並無典故來源。透過此文的論述，除可釐清爭議之來龍去脈，對歐陽修、王安石二人形象有更確切的認識外，此文依資料産生順序臚列排比的比較方法，也有助於提供讀者實例，了解如何辨析詩話、筆記中對相關詩文典故説法的原則。

Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) wrote a verse that reads “Two hundred years of writing of the Ministry of Personnel” to Wang Anshi (1021-1086). Scholars of later generations have different views on the referent of “Ministry of Personnel,” which resulted in distortion of the images of Ouyang and Wang in anecdotal records. By analyzing the journals and notes on poetry, this study surveys the different explanations of the allusion to the Ministry of Personnel found in Song- dynasty sources. Some argued that the phrase carries Shen Yue’s (441-531) praise of Xie Tiao (464-499), while others suggested that it was derived from the writing of Sun Qiao (ca. 867). The different theories on the source of this allusion have resulted in various anecdotes with denigration of the images of Ouyang and Wang. These speculative views were mainly based on the personal interpretation of respective scholars. Without offering specific evidence, these premature views of the allusion in the poem even form distortion of the truth. The present study further explores the time when Ouyang Xiu glorified the writing of Han Yu (768-824) and when Sun Qiao criticized Han, and thereby argues that “the Ministry of Personnel” refers to Han and “two hundred years” to the time when Ouyang Xiu succeeded Han’s literary legacy. The verse “two hundred years of writing of the Ministry of Personnel” was not an allusion but was Ouyang Xiu’s creation. This study can clarify the context of the controversy and reconstruct the accurate images of Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi. In addition, through an analysis of the sequence and comparison of relevant data, this study provides examples and allows readers to recognize and analyze the poetry and the interpretations of allusions as recorded and discussed in notes on poetry.
《淮南子》〈繆稱〉、〈齊俗〉韻讀
Authors: 劉 殿爵
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
王念孫遺稿《淮南子韻譜》以古韻分部編排，列出《淮南》一書坂韻韻字。《韻譜》旨在研究西漢古音而不在研究《淮南》。本文嘗試依《淮南子》〈繆稱〉、〈齊俗〉正文編排，標出《韻譜》所收用韻之部分，俾便治《淮南》學者查檢；而《韻譜》有所脫漏未足者，試作補訂。Wang Nien-sun 王念孫(1744-1832) left behind manuscripts on ancient Chinese phonology, amongst which is a work on the rhymes of the Huai-nan tzu arranged according to finals, known as Tabulated Rhymes of the Huai-nan tzu (淮南子韻譜 Huai-nan tzu yun-p’u ). This was not accessible to scholars until its publication as an appendix by Lo Ch’ang-p’ei 羅常培 and Chou Tsu-mo 周祖謨 to their Han Wei Chin Nan-pei-ch’ao Yun-pu Yen-pien Yen-chiu Book I 漢魏晉南北朝韻部演變硏究，第一分冊 (pp.246-266) (Peking, 1958). The present work is an attempt at rearrangement and expansion of Wang's work. The reason why it is necessary to do so is twofold. First, the manuscript Wang left behind is in a draft stage. There are numerous rhymes in the Huai-nan tzu which have been left out. There are cases of discrepancy between the Yun-p’u and the section of his Tu- shu tsa-chih 讀書雜志 on the Huai-nan tzu. Second, the Yun-p’u is a study of ancient Chinese phonology, and not, in the first instance, of the Huai-nan tzu. Thus the arrangement does not have the student of the Huai-nan tzu in mind and it is troublesome to locate the passages where rhymes actually occur. By contrast, the present compilation aims at helping the reader in his study of the Huai-nan tzu. It, therefore, carries the full text with all the rhymes marked including those overlooked by Wang. It is hoped that this will not only highlight the rhyming passages but also be of help, at times, to the solution oi textual as well as punctuational problems.
原始儒家考述
Authors: 盧 鳴東
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

本書把儒家看作一個思想學術流派和社會政治現象來考察，旨在探討自孔子到董仲舒約四百年間原始儒家的演變及其內在學術邏輯，進而揭示原始儒家的一些本質特點以及由百家中的顯學轉向漢武以後官學的情況。全書由六章組成，另於附錄中加插一篇短文，題目為〈傑出的儒學傳人司馬遷〉。所謂「原始儒家」，按照作者在〈引言〉中指出：「原始意義上的儒家指的是漢武帝罷黜百家以前的儒家，也即作為顯學的儒家。」（頁1）沿著歷史發展的軌道，作者整體上把漢武以前的儒家當作ー個學術集團看待，探討儒家的思想體系如何通過孔子對周代貴族文化的改造和超越，並於戰國中後期受墨家思想的滲透，再經由荀子對自然天道思想的引入和吸收而日趨完備。比較個別交待先秦儒學大師孔、孟、荀等人的政治哲學思想，這無疑使讀者更能全盤地瞭解早期儒家的演變以及其與諸子百家在思想上的聯繫。尤令人注意的，是作者探討了儒生在社會及政治舞臺上所扮演的角色，深入剖析儒生熱衷於入仕干祿的心態，並説明他們社會身份的轉變對儒家發展所帶來的影響，為解釋儒家集團的誕生、分裂以至流變提供了重要的線索。在作者的筆下，原始儒家已不止是由孔子創立的學術流派，兼且是為儒生開拓仕進機會的一個私學集團。(撮要取自內文首段)
李廣田散文論
Authors: 楊 劍龍
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

在中國現代文學史上，李廣田是一位風格獨具的散文家，他説：「我是一個鄉下人，我愛鄉間，並愛住在鄉間的人們。」他以其「平原之子」「地之子」的鄉下人的情感和眼光，以渾厚自然素樸細膩的筆觸，敍寫故鄉山東的自然風物和卑微人生，在親切略帶憂郁的風韻中透露其濃濃的鄉土之情。陳德錦先生的《李廣田散文論》以其獨特的視角、細緻的評析、開闊的視野全面深刻地論析了李廣田的散文創作，是一部李廣田散文研究的力著。(撮要取自內文首段)
男性的恐懼——臺灣女作家小説一探
Authors: 李 仕芬
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

女性解放運動使傳統男權社會發生重大變化，男性逐漸認識到女性強悍的一面。本文以幾位臺灣女作家為研究對象，試圖探討她們如何在小説中表達男性對女性的恐懼。論文從以下四方面進行剖析：一、女性潛在的可怖及壓迫感；二、女性對男性的誘惑性；三、男性嫉妒女性的生育能力；四、男性是女性的獵物。Women liberation has led to a significant change in the traditionally male-dominant society. Men have gradually recognized and feared the strong female. This thesis attempts to explore this phenomenon, based on the works by several contemporary Taiwanese women authors. The analysis is divided into four major areas: 1. the creepy female; 2. temptation of female sexuality; 3. male envy of female’s child-bearing privilege; 4. female predator and her male prey.
《左傳》「子卯不樂」解
Authors: 許 子濱
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
根據《左傳》及禮書的記載，子卯疾日起碼在春秋時期就已經流行起來。不管是王侯，還是普通士人，在日常飲食或禮節上，都得作出相應的調整。子卯所以為疾日，賈逵、鄭玄認為這是由於紂以甲子日喪而桀 以乙卯亡，國君為了引以為鑑，便把這兩個日子視作忌日。後人大多沿用這種説法。「桀紂亡日」之説，本身存在不少疑點，實不足以解答「子卯疾日」由來的問題。實際上，前人曾提出異議，認為子卯疾日是出於子卯相刑之説。從表面來看，這種説法似乎有術數的色彩，所以一直得不到應有的重視。利用刑德來占驗干支之吉凶禍福的，最早見於《淮南子》。《淮南子》更把「剛日」、「柔日」納入五行刑德的理論系統裏。春秋之時，「剛日」、「柔日」普遍應用在人們的實際生活上，這是不爭的事實。但其理論根據未必就是刑德之説。雖然如此，從歷代日忌之説的發展來看，春秋之時確實存在著以某種理論為基礎的日忌之制。Passages in Zuozhuan and the Book of Rituals indicate that by the Spring and Autumn period the Zimao evil day was already widely observed, requiring nobles and state officials alike to adjust their diet and etiquette accordingly. Two great commentators, Jia Kui 賈逵 and Zheng Xuan 鄭玄, believed that the Zimao evil day originated from a taboo associated with the fall of the Xia 夏 and Shang 商 dynasties on the Jiazi 甲子 and Yimao 乙卯 days respectively. Albeit generally adopted by later studies, the theory itself is questionable as an adequate explanation for the Zimao evil day. In fact, an alternative theory had been proposed, suggesting that Zimao was considered evil because Zi contradicted with Mao within the Chinese celestial system. This theory, however, did not receive proper recognition due to its association with Yinyang 陰陽 mysticism. Divination by Yinyang was first mentioned in Huainanzi 淮南子, which brought the “hard days” 剛日 and “soft days”柔日 into the theoretical system of the five elements. While there was no doubt that the hard days and soft days were already widely practiced in everyday life during the Spring and Autumn period, the theoretical underpinning may not exactly be based on the celestial system. Nonetheless, judging from the overall development of the evil day practice, it is certain that there was some kind of theoretical foundation behind it.
嚴復論中西文化
Authors: 林 啟彥
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

筆者在本文中著重指出，嚴復一生的中西文化觀的發展與嬗變，實有其本身的邏輯理路與必然性。我們不能輕易地把它看成前後的斷裂或背離，而應慎重地理解為同一思想與精神的信念軌跡上同向的發展和延績。嚴復始終相信，中西文化性質儘管不同，但各有其存在的價值和發展的前景。嚴復認為，對西方文化的優點與長處要有正確認識的同時，也要看到西方文化的偏差與不足；同理，對延績至民國以來中國文化傳統的積弊與痼疾，要有清醒的認識的同時，也要努力發掘中國文化中的美德與瑰寶。這是嚴復衡估中西文化的基本原則，終生一貫，持守不變。

嚴復一生以國家民族的保存為念，有強烈的愛國愛民的意識，到了晚年時期，這種感覺尤見強著。他始终相信，要使中國真正達到富強之境，免受列強的侵侮，最正確而有效的途方是使民質的改進和提高， 所以他在晚年仍堅持其一貫以敎育和啟蒙的手段來拯救國運的信念。他是中國近代第一個從文化特質處入手比較中西文化異同與優劣的思想家，對中西文化經常保持一種理性與持平的批判態度。晚年的嚴復，對中西文化認識更深，體會更切，有關中西文化優劣取舍的見解，也更趨成熟。二十世紀前二十年，能對中 西文化的真正價值具有正確的理解與識見，又能對其做出恰當的評價與説明者，恐以嚴復的貢獻為多。This paper focuses on pointing out that the development and transformation of Yan Fu’s views on Chinese and Western cultures throughout his life in fact had their own rationale and followed an inexorable route. We should not jump to the conclusion that his latter ideas were inconsistent or contradicting to the earlier ones. Instead, we should discreetly consider them as a series of uninterrupted developments evolving along the same route of his ideological and spiritual conviction. All along, Yan believed that despite the divergence between Chinese and Western cultures, each had its own value of existence and outlook of growth. He believed that besides having a proper knowledge of the merits and strong points of Western culture, we must also aware of its deviations and shortcomings. For the same reason, in addition to a sober understanding of the long-standing malpractice and chronic maladies of traditional Chinese culture up to the first two decades of the 20th century, we should also endeavour to investigate into the virtues and treasures endowed in this culture. This is the philosophy underlying Yan’s evaluation of the two great cultures, which he upheld throughout his life.

For all his life, Yan was deeply concerned of the fate and the well-being of the Chinese nation. He was an enthusiastic patriot. In his old age, this aspiration was particularly strong. All along, he believed that if China had to become prosperous and powerful and free from being invaded by foreign powers, the most proper and effective way was to improve and upgrade the quality of its people. Therefore in his old age he still held on to his enduring conviction of saving the nation by means of education and enlightening the people. He was the first thinker in modern China to delve into cultural characteristics to find out the similarities and diversities, strong and weak points of the Chinese and Western cultures. He always held a rational and impartial attitude towards the criticism of these two cultures. In his late years, Yan’s knowledge and understanding of the two cultures became even more profound. His views on the strong and weak points of the two cultures, what to take and what to reject became further mature. Armed with sound knowledge and correct understanding of the true value of the Chinese and Western cultures, and having the ability to make proper evaluation and illumination, Yan Fu was known to be the foremost thinker with the greatest contribution to China in the first two decades of the 20th century.
段玉裁《説文解字注》「嚴分之、脂、支」現象析論
Authors: 郭 必之
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
段玉裁把古韻分為十七部，比江永多出四部。這是因為他把之、脂、支分為三部，真、文分為兩部，幽、侯分為兩部。關於「真、文分立」和「幽、侯分立」，容另文討論，本文只著重探討「之、脂、支分立」及一些相關的問題。段玉裁似乎特別重視這個由自己發明的理論，他不單用了較長的篇幅來解釋「之、脂、支分立」的原因，還用它來修改《説文》的音韻現象，使《説文解字注》（以下或簡稱「段《注》」）充滿了「之、脂、支分立」的氣味。具體一點説，段氏通過改反切、改聲符、改讀若等手段來表達三部分用的理念。據我們的統計，這種「嚴分之、脂、支」的現象在段《注》裏共出現了一百多次，數量不容小覷。可惜的是，前人大都只著眼於「之、脂、支分立」的理據，忽略了段《注》裏有關的材料。雖然學者很少留意，但這個課題絕對值得研究。Duan Yucai (1735-1815) was one of the greatest Qing philologists whose works include Shuowen Jiezi Zhu --- a commentary on Shuowen Jiezi, the earliest extant study of Chinese paleography by the Han scholar Xu Shen 許慎. Among Duan’s many original ideas on Old Chinese phonology, none is more well-known than his theory of the three-way distinction among Old Chinese ryhme categories zhi 之, zhi 脂 and zhi 支. Apparently Duan thought highly of his theory, as evident in the length of his explanation and his subsequent application of the theory to amend phonological aspects of Shuowen Jiezi, hence turning Shuowen Jiezi Zhu into a showcase of his ‘zhi-zhi-zhi theory. The present paper looks at how Duan applied the theory, and whether his alterations to Shuowen Jiezi are justified.
據徽州文書研討中國戲劇起源問題
Authors: 田仲 一成
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

一般認為，演劇這種藝術形式是農村的祭祀儀式走向世俗化的產物，具有可以稱做儀式變形的性質，從而是發生於祭祀儀禮的藝術形式。這一點，J，E，Harrison早在二十世紀初期就通過希臘演劇作過論證。在日本的演劇方面，也能看到折口信夫氏、西鄉信綱氏對這一學説的繼承和發展。然而，關於中國演劇，在本國學者中間，這方面的構想卻全然不見。從二十世紀初期以王國維為代表的先驅性研究開始，直到今日，一直是可以稱為多元説、複合説的思路佔主導地位。照此説法，中國的演劇是漢代以來的宮廷俳優的科白、唐宋以來的宮廷歌舞、唐宋的歌謠（詞）、五代北宋以來的説唱和小説等在宋元時代的都市妓院、劇場等娛樂場所裏統合而成的產物。質言之，作為演劇構成要素的歌、科、白、舞、故事等等在演劇成立之前就已分別成立，它們在都市娛樂場所被統合起來，於是作為新藝術形式的演劇得以成立。這裏，把農村的祭祀視為演劇的母體這一視點全無蹤影，而把都市的娛樂場視為演劇的胚胎。但是，這種思路的弱點在於：既然在娛樂場之中演出，各要素可以説以娛樂為目的，那又為何必須結合在一起？而且為何其結合的形式要以歌曲歌舞為中心？這些疑點都難以得到統一而又全面的解釋。(撮要取自內文首段)
試論唐代人鬼遭遇類型小説的發展與演變
Authors: 李 鵬飛
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

唐代人鬼遭遇類型小説中包含着多個亞型，其表現手法具備以下幾個主要特點：首先，在相當一部分表現人鬼情愛的作品中，唐人乃是以一種人情化的方式來想像鬼魂的思想、情感和生活世界的。其次，部分文人作品注重將歷史題材、歴史人物與人鬼遇合題材融於一爐，並通過文中女鬼的言談和吟詠來表現對人生浮沉與歷史滄桑的慨歎，具有濃重的抒情意味。第三，部分作品則以生活化的場景、日常口語或滑稽對比來營造諧趣，以女鬼、夜叉食人等獨特的題材或幻覺的形式來表現怖怪意趣。第四，晚唐時期的一些人鬼遭遇類作品也呈現出將多種類型題材及其表現手法予以融合之趨勢。The man-and-ghost encounter type of novels have the following characteristics: first, in quite a large portion of man-and-god love stories, the Tang people imagine the thoughts, feelings and life in a humanity way. Second, some of the writers try to melt historical theme, historic figures and man-and-god encounter theme together, and express, through the words and chant of the goddesses in the novel, their laments and sighs on the ups-and-downs and historic changes, which is quite liric.Third, some of the works create flavor and taste with life-like scenes, daily words or buffooneries and comparisons, and invent terror and wierdness with the help of special themes, such as women ghosts, man-eating Yechas, or of delusions.Fourth, some works of man-and-ghost encounter theme present a tendency of merging various themes and expression methods in late Tang dynasty.
Pengaruh Temperatur Karbonisasi Terhadap Karakteristik Briket Berbasis Arang Sekam Padi Dan Tempurung Kelapa
Authors: Afrianah Nur , Ruslan Rustan , Suryadi Heri Rahmat , Amir Irmawati , Irsyad Al , Jasruddin  , Nurhayati
Published: February 2023

The effects of carbonized temperature on the briket-based properties of rice husks and coconut shells. This study aims to determine the effects of carbonization on brique-based, rice husk and coconut shell which include water content, ash content, volatile matter content, and calorific value. The research method used in this study is purely experimental within a process of carbonization of rice husk divested by free variables at temperatures of 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C for 30 minutes and carbonized coconut shells with a constant variable temperature of 500°C for 2 hours. Measures of a rice chaff and coconut shell of 200 mesh. Making briquettes with fixed variables, namely the composition of rice husk charcoal: coconut shell charcoal = 1: 3 (5 g:15 g) and printed using a pressure of 99.91 kPa. Then do the testing of water content, ash content, volatile matter and heating value. Test results on each type of briquettes with variations in the temperature of 300°C rice husk carbonization and 500°C coconut shell, 400oC rice husk carbonization temperature and 500°C coconut shell and 500°C rice husk carbonization temperature and 500°C coconut shell temperature were respectively obtained for 0.78% water content , 0.56% and 0.41%, ash content of 42.40%, 35.50% and 32.70%, volatile matter of 26.19%, 24.92% and 24.38%, and calorific value amounted to 3381.70 cal/g, 4261.50 cal/g, and 4621.50 cal/g.
Analisis Citra Satelit Himawari 8/9 Terkait Kejadian Hujan Es Di Wilayah Klaten Tanggal 21 Oktober 2021
Authors: Sanjaya Wulung , Amri Syaiful
Published: February 2023

One of the extreme phenomena that often occurs is hail, hail can occur because when water vapor condenses it turns into ice particles due to the low air temperature factor. Hail includes local rain which covers an area of 5-10 km, and lasts a maximum of 10 minutes. On October 21, 2021, there was hail in Jogonalan Klaten. The incident occurred at around 14.18 WIB. By using Himawari-8 satellite data reference which was analyzed using the SATAID application and UV wind data obtained from the Copernicus web and processed with OpenGrADS software. Then as other supporting data used cloud top temperature data with band 13 himawari 8 which was processed using time series and also air lability data from the web weather.uwyo.edu. From the four data, it will be obtained that the formation of cumulonimbus clouds in the area around Klaten and Jogja as an indication of hail is strengthened by the convergence pattern in the northern region of the island of Java, precisely Central Java which causes a slowdown in the air mass that forms convective clouds which is the cause of hail in Klaten Regency. . This is reinforced by the results of the analysis of the cloud top temperature which reached -18°c.
Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Pembakaran Terhadap Mikrostruktur Dan Kandungan Silika Abu Kulit Kakao (Theobroma Cacao) Dengan Metode SEM Dan XRD
Authors: Daulay Abdul Halim , Masthura  , Pratiwi Arninda
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of combustion temperature on the microstructure and particle diameter of the average silica ash of cocoa shells, and to determine the effect of combustion temperature on the silica content of cocoa shell ash. The method used is experimental through a quantitative approach. The basic material used is cocoa husk (Theobroma cacao) with combustion temperatures of 450, 550, 650, and 750 oC.  The tests used to determine the microstructure and silica content of cocoa husk ash were SEM and XRD after which they were analyzed again using Digimizer Software and X-Powder Software. SEM results based on microstructure indicate the occurrence of agglomeration in the cocoa ash silica sample, and it is known that the particle diameter size of sample A = 1,6916 µm, sample B = 0,7824 µm, sample C = 0,7809 µm, and sample D = 0,7173 µm. Based on the XRD results, it can be seen that the silica contained in sample A = 34,8%, sample B = 49,0%, sample C = 65,0%, and sample D = 70,6%. Based on the SEM results, the best results are in the sample which has the smallest size, namely sample D with a particle diameter of 0,7173 µm and based on XRD results the best results are in sample D with the highest SiO2 content of 70,6%. So that the combustion temperature affects the results of SEM and XRD where the effective temperature in the manufacture of cocoa shell ash silica is 750 oC
Protection of Utility Models in Poland: A Brief History and Perspective for the Future
Authors: Bury Marek
Published: February 2023

This paper concerns mechanisms for the protection of utility models in Poland. These mechanisms are at present on the verge of substantial change as a new draft regulation was opened for public consultation in 2022. Select results of analyses of the utility model applications filed in the years 2001–2020 were reported. The analyses concerned possible routes for filing utility model applications in Poland, the most popular fields in which utility model protection is used, and the origins of utility models protected in Poland by the country of residence of the first applicant. It has been noted that a key strength of the utility models is the criteria granting exclusive rights. In terms of the advantages related to disclosure, the state-of-the-art protected utility model needs only to be novel; there is no requirement concerning the inventive step. This makes the assessment of validity relatively reliable and significantly reduces the risk that the enforced right of protection will be invalidated. This strength will likely be preserved in the review of the draft regulation that is about to abolish substantial examination and replace it with a registration system. The change is supposed to reduce the time of prosecution, thus making the conversion from refused/withdrawn European patent applications to Polish utility models more attractive.
PERGARUH_PENGOPERASIAN_FILTER_AKTIF_BERBASIS _KONTROL_PID _TERHADAP_KAPASITAS KERJA TRANSFORMATOR DISTRIBUSI DI GEDUNG_ STUDENT_CENTER_UNIVERSITAS_UDAYANA
Authors: Agung Pribadi Satriyo , Suartika I_M. , Janardana I_G_N.
Published: February 2023

The transformer is one of the equipmen for distributing electrical_energy from_mediumvoltage 20 kV to low voltage 380/220 V. Disturbance in the transformer_can_cause_Lossesso that it can disrupt the flow of electric power to consumers. Harmonics_are disturbancescaused by the operation of non-linear loads. This study aims to determine the effect of THDion power Losses and working capacity of transformers at Udayana University Student CenterBuilding with harmonics in the R phase of 10.91%, the S phase of 11.38%, and_the T phase of17.91%. The method used is to perform simulations andanalysis_with_the_results_of_harmonic measurements in Existing conditions, using an activefilter, and an active PID-based filter using the Matlab application. Very optimal results wereobtained using a PID-based active_filter with the results of R = 0.31%, S = 0.30%,_T =0.35%,_and the decrease in the working_capacity_of_the_transformer_decreased_to1%,_according _to_the_ideal_value.
STATUS PERKEMBANGAN SEPEDA LISTRIK DAN MOTOR LISTRIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Agus Surya Adi P I Pt , Satya Kumara I Nyoman , Raka Agung I Gusti Agung Pt
Published: February 2023

The development of electric vehicles in Indonesia began in 1997 by the IndonesianInstitute of Sciences (LIPI) but since 2013 has slowed down. Presidential Regulation 55/2019strengthens the development of electric vehicles in Indonesia which followed by severalsupporting regulations. Currently, the development of electric vehicles, both in terms of researchand industry or commercial products, is getting better. This paper reviews the current status ofelectric bicycles and electric motorcycles in Indonesia which are commercially available. Theresearch was conducted by through online survey during 2020-2021 which produced adatabase of electric bicycles/motorcycles. Currently, there are 64 electric bicycles and 44electric motorcycles. These vehicles use either two or three wheels with electric drive capacitybetween 180 W to 4200 W. The most common electric motor used is BLDC at 87%. The electricbike/motorcycle has speed ranges between 20 km/h to 70 km/h with battery capacity of 5,2 Ahto 70 Ah with milage ranging from 15 km to 200 km. The information presented will helpstakeholders to get a quick overview of the development of electric bicycles/motorcycles in thecountry and serves as benchmark for developing electric bicycles or motor to meet domesticneeds.
POTENSI BANGUNAN PARKIR SEBAGAI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA ATAP
Authors: Ari Biantara I Gde , Satya Kumara Nyoman , Dwi Giriantari I. A.
Published: February 2023

Solar Power Plant (PLTS) is a renewable energy that converts sunlight into electricity.However, the construction of PLTS requires a large area of land so that for urban areas it is noteasy to get the required land. One of solution to this problem is to use the roof of the parkingbuilding as a rooftop solar power plant, the energy produced by the rooftop solar power plantcan be exported to the network because generally the energy demand for parking buildings isnot much. This paper discusses PLTS on the roof of parking buildings that have been built allover the world. The results of a review were obtained as many as 40 PLTS on the roof of theparking building which were built from 2010 to 2022 with a total capacity of 207,49 MW. ThisPLTS parking facility was built in the form of PLTS on the roof of the parking building, carportand parking canopy. Institutions that have built PLTS above their parking facilities includeairports, banks, malls, governments, water companies, recycling companies, pharmaceuticalcompanies, financial companies, car companies, hospitals, schools, stadiums and universities.