bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulfonated polyetheretherketone/polypropylene polymer blends for the production of photoactive materials
Authors: Fatarella Enrico , Mylläri Ville , Ruzzante Marco , Pogni Rebecca , Baratto Maria Camilla , Skrifvars Mikael , Syrjälä Seppo , Järvelä Pentti
Published: October 2014

Sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) was synthesized via a mono‐substitution reaction of PEEK in concentrated sulphuric acid and was blended with polypropylene (PP) in 2–10%w/w concentration to be used for the production of photoactive thermoplastic products. SPEEK and SPEEK/PP blends were characterized using FTIR, DSC, TGA, NMR, rheology, SEM, and EPR. Under UV‐Vis irradiation, stable benzophenone ketyl (BPK) radicals were generated by hydrogen extraction from PP. By increasing the amount of SPEEK in the polymer blend a linear increase in the BPK radicals was achieved according to the EPR data. DSC and TGA tests indicated weaknesses in the thermal stability of SPEEK but according to the rheological tests this should not have a major effect on processabililty. The optimal amount of SPEEK in the blend was obtained at 5%w/w. This concentration provided a good compromise between radical concentration, material processability, and cost. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41509.
Umweltfreundlicher Straßenbelag mit photokatalytischem Stickstoffdioxidabbau
Authors: Wang Dawei , Oeser Markus , Steinauer Bernhard , Hüben Michael
Published: October 2014

Im Rahmen dieses Forschungsvorhabens werden TiO2‐haltige Gesteinskörnungen hergestellt und hinsichtlich der Festigkeit, des Polier‐ und Verschleißwiderstands sowie der Dauerhaftigkeit der photokatalytischen Eigenschaften optimiert. Sie werden auf die Fahrbahnoberfläche aufgebracht, um das durch die Abgase des Kraftfahrzeugs emittierte NOx möglichst schnell und effektiv abzubauen. Als Ergebnis kann festgestellt werden, dass mit dem erarbeiteten Verfahren ein langfristiger NOx‐Abbau auf Asphaltstraßen durch den Einsatz des TiO2 mit photokatalytischen Eigenschaften erzielbar ist. Damit ist ein wichtiger Schritt hin zur Herstellung des umweltfreundlichen Straßenbelags mit photokatalytischem Stickstoffdioxidabbau vollbracht.

Environment‐friendly road surface with photocatalytic decomposition of nitrogen dioxide

In the scope of this research project, variants of TiO2‐containing aggregates were produced and optimized on their strength, polishing resistance, wearing resistance and the durability of the photocatalytic performance. The aggregates are spread on the road surface in order to decompose the emitted NOx in the exhaust gas of the vehicles as quickly and effectively as possible. From the results, it can be ascertained that a durable NOx degradation is achievable by using the TiO2 in the spreading materials on asphalt road surface following the developed procedure. Through this, an important step of building environment‐friendly road surface with NOx elimination is taken.
Ringseildächer mit CFK‐Zugelementen
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Liu Yue , Zwingmann Bernd
Published: October 2014

Während im Automobil‐ und Flugzeugbau die beiden Hauptvorteile von kohlenstofffaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK), hohe Festigkeit und geringes Gewicht, gut ausgenutzt werden können, kann man sich bei den Immobilien des Bauwesens zunächst nur die hohe Festigkeit von CFK zunutze machen. Auf der Suche nach Tragwerken, bei denen auch geringes Gewicht besonders hilfreich ist, stößt man schnell auf die weitgespannten, zugbeanspruchten und vorgespannten Flächentragwerke. In diesem Artikel soll das Potenzial von CFK‐Zugelementen für Ringseildächer aufgezeigt werden. Dazu wird ein typisches Ringseildach mit Stahlseilen mit einem solchen mit CFK‐Zugelementen verglichen und dabei auf den Einfluss der Eigenschaften verschiedener Kohlenstofffasern eingegangen. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Seilquerschnitte im Ringseildach mit dem Ersatz von Stahl durch CFK reduziert werden können, während die Verformung durch den Effekt der Vorspannung gleich bleibt. In einer Kostenabschätzung wird deutlich, dass die Leichtbaueigenschaften von CFK‐Zugelementen trotz des höheren Materialpreises zu einer wirtschaftlichen Alternative für Ringseildächer führen können. Zuerst aber werden die bekannten Vor‐ und Nachteile von CFK zusammengefasst und ein Überblick über bereits gebaute Tragwerke gegeben. Am Schluss wird der Prototyp eines Ringseildachs, der am Institut für Bauingenieurwesen der Technischen Universität Berlin gebaut wurde, vorgestellt.

Spoke‐wheel cable roof with CFRP tension members

While the automobile and aircraft industries take advantage of both of the two main characteristics of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), high strength and low weight, usually only one advantage of CFRP, namely high strength, is relevant in the construction industry. When looking for types of structures where the low weight is also of particular use, large‐span, highly‐tensioned and pre‐stressed roof‐structures quickly come to mind. In this paper, the potential of CFRP tension members used in a spoke‐wheel cable roof is demonstrated by comparing a typical spoke‐wheel steel cable roof with a corresponding roof structure with CFRP tension members. The structural influence of carbon fibers with different properties is investigated. Cost estimation shows that the structural properties of CFRP tension members may lead to a cost efficient alternative for spoke‐wheel cable roofs despite of their higher material price. As an introduction the advantages and disadvantages of CFRP material are discussed and already existing CFRP cable structures are presented. At the end of the paper, a prototype of a spoke wheel CFRP cable roof, which was designed and built by the civil engineering institute of the Technical University of Berlin, is introduced.
Effect of osmolytes on the binding of EGR1 transcription factor to DNA
Authors: Mikles David C. , Bhat Vikas , Schuchardt Brett J. , McDonald Caleb B. , Farooq Amjad
Published: October 2014

Osmolytes play a key role in maintaining protein stability and mediating macromolecular interactions within the intracellular environment of the cell. Herein, we show that osmolytes such as glycerol, sucrose, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) mitigate the binding of early growth response (protein) 1 (EGR1) transcription factor to DNA in a differential manner. Thus, while physiological concentrations of glycerol only moderately reduce the binding affinity, addition of sucrose and PEG400 is concomitant with a loss in the binding affinity by an order of magnitude. This salient observation suggests that EGR1 is most likely subject to conformational equilibrium and that the osmolytes exert their effect via favorable interactions with the unliganded conformation. Consistent with this notion, our analysis reveals that while EGR1 displays rather high structural stability in complex with DNA, the unliganded conformation becomes significantly destabilized in solution. In particular, while liganded EGR1 adopts a well‐defined arc‐like architecture, the unliganded protein samples a comparatively large conformational space between two distinct states that periodically interconvert between an elongated rod‐like shape and an arc‐like conformation on a submicrosecond time scale. Consequently, the ability of osmolytes to favorably interact with the unliganded conformation so as to stabilize it could account for the negative effect of osmotic stress on EGR1–DNA interaction observed here. Taken together, our study sheds new light on the role of osmolytes in modulating a key protein–DNA interaction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 74–87, 2015.
The ethical scientist: An old‐fashioned view
Authors: Tinoco Ignacio
Published: October 2014

My personal view of ethical behavior as a scientific researcher in an academic environment is presented. I discuss the behavior of a graduate student, a postdoctoral, and a professor. Ethical behavior in teaching, choosing a research project, publishing papers, and obtaining a job is discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 424–431, 2015.
Promotion of Mesoporous Vanadium Carbide Incorporated on Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Resin Carbon Composites with High‐Surface‐Areas on Platinum Catalysts for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Li Kui , Zhu Jianbing , Xiao Meiling , Zhao Xiao , Yao Shikui , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei
Published: October 2014

Vanadium carbide incorporated on resorcinol–formaldehyde resin carbon (V8C7@RFC) was synthesized as a novel mesoporous catalyst‐support material by pyrolysis of the resorcinol–formaldehyde resin and NaVO3 mixture. The material’s BET surface area was 564 m2 g−1 and thus much higher than that of 389 m2 g−1 for the carbon powders yielded by resin carbonation. Physical characterization revealed that the supporting material possesses a mesoporous structure and Pt nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed on the V8C7@RFC surface. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the V8C7‐modified Pt catalyst exhibits a negative shift of over 100 mV in the onset potential for COads electrooxidation and a dramatically enhanced activity in methanol oxidation reaction. The enhancement was mainly attributed to the electronic effect between Pt and V8C7 and the mesoporous structure providing ideal anchor sites for Pt dispersion.
Conventional Chiralpak ID vs. Capillary Chiralpak ID‐3 Amylose Tris‐(3‐Chlorophenylcarbamate)‐Based Chiral Stationary Phase Columns for the Enantioselective HPLC Separation of Pharmaceutical Racemates
Authors: Ahmed Marwa , Gwairgi Marina , Ghanem Ashraf
Published: October 2014

A comparative enantioselective analysis using immobilized amylose tris‐(3‐chlorophenylcarbamate) as chiral stationary phase in conventional high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Chiralpak ID (4.6 mm ID × 250 mm, 5 µm silica gel) and micro‐HPLC with Chiralpak ID‐3 (0.30 mm ID × 150 mm, 3 µm silica gel) was conducted. Pharmaceutical racemates of 12 pharmacological classes, namely, α‐ and β‐blockers, anti‐inflammatory drugs, antifungal drugs, dopamine antagonists, norepinephrine‐dopamine reuptake inhibitors, catecholamines, sedative hypnotics, diuretics, antihistaminics, anticancer drugs, and antiarrhythmic drugs were screened under normal phase conditions. The effect of an organic modifier on the analyte retentions and enantiomer recognition was investigated. Baseline separation was achieved for 1‐acenaphthenol, carprofen, celiprolol, cizolirtine carbinol, miconazole, tebuconazole, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxymandelic acid, 1‐indanol, 1‐(2‐chlorophenyl)ethanol, 1‐phenyl‐2‐propanol, flavanone, 6‐hydroxyflavanone, 4‐bromogluthethimide, and pentobarbital on the 4.6 mm ID packed with a 5 µm silica column using conventional HPLC. Nonetheless, baseline separation was achieved for aminoglutethimide, naftopidil, and thalidomide on the 0.3 mm ID packed with a 3 µm silica capillary column. Chirality 26:677–682, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Therapeutic strategies for neuroendocrine liver metastases
Authors: Frilling Andrea , Clift Ashley K.
Published: October 2014

Patients who have neuroendocrine tumors frequently present with liver metastases. A wide panel of treatment options exists for these patients. Liver resection with curative intent achieves the best long‐term results. Highly selected patients may be considered for liver transplantation. Substantial recurrence rates reported after surgical approaches call for neoadjuvant and adjuvant concepts. Liver‐directed, locally ablative procedures are recommended for patients with limited, nonresectable tumor burden. Angiographic liver‐directed techniques, such as transarterial embolization, transarterial chemoembolization, and selective internal radiotherapy, offer excellent palliation for patients with liver‐predominant disease. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is a promising palliative procedure for patients with hepatic and/or extrahepatic metastases. The efficacy of these treatment options needs to be evaluated in randomized trials. Somatostatin analogues have demonstrated effectiveness not only for symptomatic relief in patients with secreting tumors but also for the control of proliferation in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and most recently also in those originating from the pancreas. Chemotherapy is an option mainly for those with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and high‐grade tumors irrespective of the origin. Novel drugs targeting specific pathways within the tumor cell have produced improved progression‐free survival compared with placebo in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Despite such a diverse armamentarium, there is uncertainty with regard to the optimal treatment regimens. Newly introduced molecular‐based markers, along with the conduction of clinical trials comparing the efficacy of treatment modalities, offer a chance to move the treatment of neuroendocrine tumor disease toward personalized patient care. In this report, the authors review the approaches for treatment of neuroendocrine liver metastases, identify shortcomings, and anticipate future perspectives. Furthermore, clinical practice recommendations are provided for currently available treatment options. Although multiple modalities are available for the treatment of neuroendocrine liver metastases, optimal management is unclear. The current knowledge pertaining to these treatment options is analyzed. Cancer 2015;121:1172–1186. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Obfuscation for multi‐use re‐encryption and its application in cloud computing
Authors: Cheng Rong , Zhang Fangguo
Published: October 2014

With the rapid development of cloud computing, more and more data are being centralized into cloud server for sharing. It is a challenge problem on how to keep them both private and accessible. Re‐encryption function is a useful tool to fulfill secure cloud computing. Cloud data owners store their encrypted data on the cloud server. When other cloud users want to share the cloud data, cloud server can re‐encrypt the encrypted data for them. So data on the cloud server can be both accessible and private. Secure obfuscation for re‐encryption function can hide all the private information in the re‐encryption function, so the obfuscated program can be directly outsourced to cloud server without leaking anything about the computation task. In this paper, we study on secure obfuscation for three kinds of new re‐encryption functions: multi‐use re‐encryption, conditional re‐encryption with keyword search, and broadcast re‐encryption. We utilize the obfuscated results as tools to fulfill secure cloud computing. Cloud‐computing schemes based on obfuscation have better security compared with other tools. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of bidirectional cloud networks with imperfect channel state information
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Mingying , Ge Jianhua , Zhang Chensi , Pop Florin , Wang Yingguan
Published: October 2014

With the rapid growth of cloud computing services, there is an increasing need to expand applications across data centers. In these paradigms, common information exchange between two data centers can be assisted via one or more substrate nodes, which correspond to bidirectional relaying communication. In this paper, we investigate the performance of time division broadcast (TDBC) protocol in bidirectional cloud networks in the presence of channel estimation errors (CEEs). The tight asymptotic expressions for individual and system outage probabilities are first presented in closed‐form. It is shown that CEE causes outage probability to remain fixed even if the channel is noiseless. Then, the symbol error rate performance for TDBC protocol with M‐ary Phase Shift Keying and M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals is analyzed. Simulation results validate the accuracy of our analytical results. Furthermore, comparison of signal‐to‐noise ratio gap ratio shows that TDBC protocol is less sensitive to the effect of CEE than analog network coding protocol. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expanding the potential of standard flow cytometry by extracting fluorescence lifetimes from cytometric pulse shifts
Authors: Cao Ruofan , Naivar Mark A. , Wilder Mark , Houston Jessica P.
Published: October 2014

Fluorescence lifetime measurements provide information about the fluorescence relaxation, or intensity decay, of organic fluorophores, fluorescent proteins, and other inorganic molecules that fluoresce. The fluorescence lifetime is emerging in flow cytometry and is helpful in a variety of multiparametric, single cell measurements because it is not impacted by nonlinearity that can occur with fluorescence intensity measurements. Yet time‐resolved cytometry systems rely on major hardware modifications making the methodology difficult to reproduce. The motivation of this work is, by taking advantage of the dynamic nature of flow cytometry sample detection and applying digital signal processing methods, to measure fluorescence lifetimes using an unmodified flow cytometer. We collect a new lifetime‐dependent parameter, referred to herein as the fluorescence‐pulse‐delay (FPD), and prove it is a valid representation of the average fluorescence lifetime. To verify we generated cytometric pulses in simulation, with light emitting diode (LED) pulsation, and with true fluorescence measurements of cells and microspheres. Each pulse is digitized and used in algorithms to extract an average fluorescence lifetime inherent in the signal. A range of fluorescence lifetimes is measurable with this approach including standard organic fluorophore lifetimes (∼1 to 22 ns) as well as small, simulated shifts (0.1 ns) under standard conditions (reported herein). This contribution demonstrates how digital data acquisition and signal processing can reveal time‐dependent information foreshadowing the exploitation of full waveform analysis for quantification of similar photo‐physical events within single cells. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experiences in the military may impact dual‐axis neuroendocrine processes in veterans
Authors: Bobadilla Leonardo , Asberg Kia , Johnson Megan , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2014

Military stressors such as survival training can affect endocrine functioning in the short term, and combat has been associated with endocrine changes linked to psychopathology. However, studies with military samples examining whether there are individual differences in these changes as part of normal development, or as an adaptive mechanism in adulthood are lacking. This study examined whether exposure to combat in a sample of veterans was associated with differential endocrine activity to a laboratory frustration task. Results indicated that Army veterans demonstrated significant testosterone reactivity to frustration and negative coupling between cortisol and testosterone. Alternatively, Navy and Marine veterans demonstrated little testosterone reactivity to frustration and positive coupling between cortisol and testosterone. Positive cortisol‐testosterone coupling was stronger among individuals who had more dangerous combat experiences. This latter pattern may better prepare individuals for stressful life experiences and supports the contention that adulthood stressors may calibrate endocrine systems. Results are explained in the context of the Adaptive Calibration Model (Ellis et al., 2012, Developmental Psychology, 48(3), 598–623) which proposes that exposure to key environmental dimensions during endocrinologically malleable life stages (e.g., puberty) can change stress responsivity, resulting in a faster life history trajectory (e.g., increased risk‐taking and aggression). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 719–730, 2015.
Intraspecific competition reduces niche width in experimental populations
Authors: Parent Christine E. , Agashe Deepa , Bolnick Daniel I.
Published: October 2014

Intraspecific competition is believed to drive niche expansion, because otherwise suboptimal resources can provide a refuge from competition for preferred resources. Competitive niche expansion is well supported by empirical observations, experiments, and theory, and is often invoked to explain phenotypic diversification within populations, some forms of speciation, and adaptive radiation. However, some foraging models predict the opposite outcome, and it therefore remains unclear whether competition will promote or inhibit niche expansion. We conducted experiments to test whether competition changes the fitness landscape to favor niche expansion, and if competition indeed drives niche expansion as expected. UsingTribolium castaneumflour beetles fed either wheat (their ancestral resource), corn (a novel resource) or mixtures of both resources, we show that fitness is maximized on a mixed diet. Next, we show that at higher population density, the optimal diet shifts toward greater use of corn, favoring niche expansion. In stark contrast, when beetles were given a choice of resources, we found that competition caused niche contraction onto the ancestral resource. This presents a puzzling mismatch between how competition alters the fitness landscape, versus competition's effects on resource use. We discuss several explanations for this mismatch, highlighting potential reasons why optimality models might be misleading.
Targeting DNA vaccines to myeloid cells using a small peptide
Authors: Ye Chunting , Choi Jang Gi , Abraham Sojan , Shankar Premlata , Manjunath N.
Published: October 2014

Targeting DNA vaccines to dendritic cells (DCs) greatly enhances immunity. Although several approaches have been used to target protein Ags to DCs, currently there is no method that targets DNA vaccines directly to DCs. Here, we show that a small peptide derived from the rabies virus glycoprotein fused to protamine residues (RVG‐P) can target DNA to myeloid cells, including DCs, which results in enhanced humoral and T‐cell responses. DCs targeted with a DNA vaccine encoding the immunodominant vaccinia B8R gene via RVG‐P were able to restimulate vaccinia‐specific memory T cells in vitro. Importantly, a single i.v. injection of B8R gene bound to RVG‐P was able to prime a vaccinia‐specific T‐cell response that was able to rapidly clear a subsequent vaccinia challenge in mice. Moreover, delivery of DNA in DCs was enough to induce DC maturation and efficient Ag presentation without the need for adjuvants. Finally, immunization of mice with a DNA‐vaccine encoding West Nile virus (WNV) prM and E proteins via RVG‐P elicited high titers of WNV‐neutralizing Abs that protected mice from lethal WNV challenge. Thus, RVG‐P provides a reagent to target DNA vaccines to myeloid cells and elicit robust T‐cell and humoral immune responses.
Protection of the Gold(I) Catalyst by AsPh3 in Reactions of Enynes
Authors: Ramiro Zoraida , Bartolomé Camino , Espinet Pablo
Published: October 2014

Neutral gold complexes with hydrogen‐bond‐supported heterocyclic carbene (HBHC) and nitrogen acyclic carbene (NAC) ligands have been synthesized by the reactions of isocyanogold derivatives [AuCl(CNR)] with amines. Cationic [Au(carbene)(AsPh3)][SbF6] complexes have also been prepared. The catalytic activity of both types of complex (for the former, AgSbF6 is used to extract the halide ligand) in the skeletal rearrangement and methoxycyclization of enynes has been studied. The cationic complexes with AsPh3 are active but slower; advantageously, they do not decompose during the catalysis. In contrast, the catalysts formed in situ from the neutral halide complexes are very fast but undergo decomposition. An interesting trade‐off was found by adding substoichiometric amounts of AsPh3 (e.g., 10 mol‐%) relative to the gold catalyst {[Au(carbene)Cl] + AgSbF6}, which prevents or dramatically reduces the decomposition. This protecting ligand promises to prevent or minimize the undesired decomposition of gold catalysts.
Enantioselective Allylation of Selected ortho‐Substituted Benzaldehydes: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hessler Filip , Betík Robert , Kadlčíková Aneta , Belle Roman , Kotora Martin
Published: October 2014

We report a systematic study of the allylation of ortho‐substituted benzaldehydes under catalysis of a Lewis base (N,N‐dioxide), a Lewis acid (Keck allylation), and a Brønsted acid. ortho‐Halobenzaldehydes were used as the aldehydic substrates, and special attention was paid to ortho‐vinyl and alkynyl benzaldehydes, which might serve as interesting synthons for the preparation of more complex chiral compounds. Similar enantioselectivities were achieved under catalytic conditions. In the case of ortho‐halobenzaldehydes, Lewis base catalysis proved to be more efficient, and the highest asymmetric induction for allylation of ortho‐fluorobenzaldehyde reached 82 % ee, which is comparable to other used catalytic conditions. In cases of ortho‐vinylbenzaldehyde, the Keck allylation provided the product in 88 % ee. An enantioenriched homoallylic alcohol was used as the starting material for the synthesis of a sertraline intermediate.
Tunnel spoil as a source of raw materials for an autobahn – Sustainable reuse of resources through the example of the S 10 / Tunnelausbruch als Rohstoffquelle für eine Autobahn – Nachhaltige Ressourcenverwertung am Beispiel der S 10
Authors: Mlinar Christian , Sempelmann Franz , Koch Gerhard , Steiner Michael , Kubin Florian
Published: October 2014

The construction of autobahns and dual‐carriageway roads is only possible with considerable use of resources and visible encroachment in the environment and landscape. The ASFINAG is aware of their responsibility for this, so modern and resource‐saving construction materials and methods are being used for the new building of federal roads. This also includes the intention to balance masses on the overall project and the best quality management of tunnel spoil. A good collaboration of technical design and environmental design with clarification of the potential for material recycling and the necessary approvals are preconditions for sustainable materials management. Nevertheless, the implementation of major projects like the S 10 Mühlviertler Schnellstraße (S 10) is faced with challenging conditions, which complicate efficient and sustainable handling of materials.

Der Bau von Autobahnen und Schnellstraßen ist nur mit beträchtlichem Ressourceneinsatz und sichtbaren Eingriffen in Umwelt und Landschaft zu realisieren. Die ASFINAG ist sich der damit verbundenen Verantwortung bewusst. Daher werden beim Neubau von Bundesstraßen moderne und ressourcenschonende Baustoffe und Bauweisen eingesetzt. Dazu zählen auch das Bestreben nach einem Massenausgleich im Gesamtprojekt und die möglichst hochwertige Bewirtschaftung von Tunnelausbruchmaterial. Das gute Zusammenspiel aus technischer Planung, Umweltplanung, Klärung von Möglichkeiten der Materialverwertung und der rechtzeitigen Erwirkung von dazu erforderlichen Genehmigungen ist eine Grundvoraussetzung für eine nachhaltige Materialbewirtschaftung. Dennoch ist man bei der Realisierung von Großbauvorhaben wie der S 10 Mühlviertler Schnellstraße (S 10) mit herausfordernden Rahmenbedingungen konfrontiert, die eine effiziente und nachhaltige Materialverwertung erschweren.
Confirmation of genetic variants associated with lethal prostate cancer in a cohort of men from hereditary prostate cancer families
Authors: Karyadi Danielle M. , Zhao Shanshan , He Qianchuan , McIntosh Laura , Wright Jonathan L. , Ostrander Elaine A. , Feng Ziding , Stanford Janet L.
Published: October 2014

Germline genetic variants have been suggested as prognostic biomarkers for identifying patients at high risk for lethal prostate cancer (PCa). Validation studies have confirmed the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with fatal PCa, but whether these variants affect PCa‐specific mortality (PCSM) in patients with an inherited predisposition to PCa, based on familial history, is unknown. For this study, a cohort of 957 PCa patients from 270 hereditary prostate cancer families of European ancestry was genotyped for a panel of 22 PCSM‐associated SNPs. Death certificates were reviewed to confirm cause of death. Mixed‐effect Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess survival according to genotypes, accounting for relatedness and clinicopathological factors. Within this cohort, 98 PCa deaths were confirmed over an average follow‐up period of 12.7 years after diagnosis. Variant allele carriers for three SNPs had significantly altered risk for PCSM [rs635261 at RNASEL, hazard ratio (HR), 0.35, 95% CI, 0.18–0.66; p = 0.002; rs915927 in XRCC1, HR, 1.91, 95% CI, 1.21–3.02; p = 0.009; and rs2494750 at AKT1, HR, 0.45, 95% CI, 0.23–0.90; p = 0.016). These results confirm the association of genetic variation in three genes with PCa lethality in a cohort of men with an inherited susceptibility to the disease and provide validation evidence that germline SNPs provide prognostic information for PCa patients. Development of a panel of germline biomarkers with clinical utility for distinguishing patients at detection who have an increased risk for fatal PCa is warranted.
A preoperative serum signature of CEA+/CA125+/CA19‐9 ≥ 1000 U/mL indicates poor outcome to pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Liang , Xu Huaxiang , Wang Wenquan , Wu Chuntao , Chen Yong , Yang Jingxuan , Cen Putao , Xu Jin , Liu Chen , Long Jiang , Guha Sushovan , Fu Deliang , Ni Quanxing , Jatoi Aminah , Chari Suresh , McCleary‐Wheeler Angela L. , Fernandez‐Zapico Martin E. , Li Min , Yu Xianjun
Published: October 2014

Pancreatectomy is associated with significant morbidity and unpredictable outcome, with few diagnostic tools to determine, which patients gain the most benefit from this treatment, especially before the operation. This study aimed to define a preoperative signature panel of serum markers to indicate response to pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer. Over 1000 patients with pancreatic cancer treated at two independent high‐volume institutions were included in this study and were divided into three groups, including resected, locally advanced and metastatic. Eight serum tumor markers most commonly used in gastrointestinal cancers were analyzed for patient outcome. Preoperative CA19‐9 independently indicated surgical response in pancreatic cancer. Patients with CA19‐9 ≥1000 U/mL generally had a poor surgical benefit. However, a subset of these patients still achieved a survival advantage when CA19‐9 levels decreased postoperatively. CEA and CA125 in the presence of CA19‐9 ≥1000 U/mL could independently predict the non‐decrease of CA19‐9 postoperatively. The combination of the three markers was useful for predicting a worse surgical outcome with a median survival of 5.1 months vs. 23.0 months (p < 0.001) for the training cohort and 7.0 months vs. 18.2 months (p < 0.001) for the validation cohort and also suggested a higher prevalence of early distant metastasis after surgery. Resected patients with this proposed signature showed no survival advantage over patients in the locally advanced group who did not receive pancreatectomy. Therefore, a preoperative serum signature of CEA+/CA125+/CA19‐9 ≥1000 U/mL is associated with poor surgical outcome and can be used to select appropriate patients with pancreatic cancer for pancreatectomy.
Aquaporin‐9 is expressed in rat Sertoli cells and interacts with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Authors: Jesus Tito T. , Bernardino Raquel L. , Martins Ana D. , Sá Rosália , Sousa Mário , Alves Marco G. , Oliveira Pedro F.
Published: October 2014

Men with mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are usually subfertile/infertile. Besides playing a role in Cl−/HCO3− transport, it has been proposed that CFTR interacts with water membrane transport systems, particularly aquaporins, to control seminiferous tubular secretion, which is regulated by the somatic Sertoli cells (SCs). As aquaporin‐9 (AQP9) is highly expressed throughout the male reproductive tract, we hypothesized that it is also present in rat SCs and that it physically interacts with CFTR. To test this hypothesis, primary cultures of rat SCs were established, and expression of CFTR and AQP9 was assessed by RT‐polymerase chain reactions (mRNA) and Western blot analysis (protein). A coimmunoprecipitation assay was used to evaluate the physical interaction between CFTR and AQP9. Our results show that CFTR and AQP9 are expressed in rat SCs. We were also able to detect a molecular interaction between CFTR and AQP9 in rat SCs. This is the first report describing the presence of AQP9, and its interaction with CFTR, in rat SCs. Moreover, our results provide evidence that CFTR is involved in water homeostasis of the seminiferous tubular secretion. These mechanisms may open new insights on therapeutic targets to counteract subfertility/infertility in men with cystic fibrosis and mutations in the CFTR gene. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(9):639–644, 2014
Barriers to Learning Motivational Interviewing: A Survey of Motivational Interviewing Trainers' Perceptions
Authors: Schumacher Julie A. , Madson Michael B. , Nilsen Per
Published: October 2014

Trainers reported that motivational interviewing (MI)–inconsistent behaviors were frequently perceived during training and believed to create barriers to learning. More barriers were perceived in corrections than in mental health training audiences. Strategies to facilitate unlearning MI‐inconsistent behaviors may accelerate acquisition of MI.
Thematic Analysis of the Intersection of Spirituality and Eating Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Buser Juleen K. , Parkins Rachael A. , Buser Trevor J.
Published: October 2014

The authors interviewed 12 female participants about the intersection of their spiritual beliefs and eating disorder symptoms. Three main themes emerged from the data: (a) spiritual beliefs as helpful, (b) choice not to ask for spiritual help, and (c) guilt.
An “Afterthought”: Counseling Trainees’ Multicultural Competence Within the Spiritual/Religious Domain
Authors: Magaldi‐Dopman Danielle
Published: October 2014

Although spiritual/religious identity development is included within multicultural training on the theoretical level, significant gaps exist in counseling trainees’ practical preparation for spiritual/religious competence. This grounded theory study explores counseling trainees’ multicultural counseling competence within the spiritual/religious domain. Findings reveal that although trainees participated in multicultural counseling preparation, they experienced spiritual/religious training as an “afterthought,” and they identified the need for training opportunities that encouraged skill development and exploration and increased self‐awareness.

A pesar de que se incluye el desarrollo de la identidad espiritual o religiosa a nivel teórico en la formación multicultural, existen vacíos significativos en la preparación práctica de los estudiantes de consejería para su competencia espiritual o religiosa. Este estudio de teoría fundamentada explora la competencia multicultural de estudiantes de consejería dentro del ámbito espiritual o religioso. Los hallazgos revelan que, aunque los estudiantes tomaron parte en preparación para consejería multicultural, solo experimentaron capacitación espiritual o religiosa como una idea secundaria, e identificaron la necesidad de oportunidades de formación que impulsen la exploración y el desarrollo de habilidades así como un aumento de la autoconciencia.
Humanistic Professional Identity: The Transtheoretical Tie That Binds
Authors: DOLLARHIDE COLETTE T. , OLIVER KEN
Published: October 2014

This article explores the intersectionality of professional identity and theoretical orientation relative to humanism. Evidence of the humanistic foundations of counseling practice is offered to highlight how humanistic professional identity evolves and manifests in counseling practice, and examples of humanistic and parahumanistic theories are provided.
Humanistic Counseling Process, Outcomes, and Research
Authors: SCHOLL MARK B. , RAY DEE C. , BRADY‐AMOON PEGGY
Published: October 2014

Humanistic approaches to counseling are particularly concerned with process, emphasizing the person of the client, the person of the counselor, and the therapeutic relationship. Process and outcomes in humanistic interventions are highly related and complementary aspects of counseling. Counseling outcomes may include client outcomes as well as research outcomes. Whereas client outcomes are focused on the specific needs of clients, research outcomes tend to focus on generalizable results. When considering process, outcomes, or research, the humanistic counselor seeks to integrate the principles of humanism into all aspects of practice.
Principles of Quantitative Research in Counseling: A Humanistic Perspective
Authors: BALKIN RICHARD S.
Published: October 2014

The nature of humanistic counseling research continues to be an ongoing ideological debate. The role of qualitative inquiry in humanistic counseling research is strongly established, but the manner in which quantitative research represents an appropriate milieu for humanistic counseling research is questionable. Specific principles for using quantitative research designs in humanistic counseling research are discussed.
Population average T2 MRI maps reveal quantitative regional transformations in the degenerating rabbit intervertebral disc that vary by lumbar level
Authors: Martin John T. , Collins Christopher M. , Ikuta Kensuke , Mauck Robert L. , Elliott Dawn M. , Zhang Yeija , Anderson D. Greg , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Albert Todd J. , Arlet Vincent , Smith Harvey E.
Published: October 2014

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T2‐weighting is routinely performed to assess intervertebral disc degeneration. Standard clinical evaluations of MR images are qualitative, however, and do not focus on region‐specific alterations in the disc. Utilizing a rabbit needle puncture model, T2 mapping was performed on injured discs to develop a quantitative description of the degenerative process following puncture. To do so, an 18G needle was inserted into four discs per rabbit (L3/L4 to L6/L7) and T2 maps were generated pre‐ and 4 weeks post‐injury. Individual T2 maps were normalized to a disc‐specific coordinate system and then averaged for pre‐ and post‐injury population composite T2 maps. We also developed a method to automatically segment the nucleus pulposus by fitting the NP region of the T2 maps with modified 2‐D and 3‐D Gaussian distribution functions. Puncture injury produced alterations in MR signal intensity in a region‐specific manner mirroring human degeneration. Population average T2 maps provided a quantitative representation of the injury response, and identified deviations of individual degenerate discs from the pre‐injury population. We found that the response to standardized injury was modest at lower lumbar levels, likely as a result of increased disc dimensions. These tools will be valuable for the quantitative characterization of disc degeneration in future clinical and pre‐clinical studies. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:140–148, 2015.
Stomatal uptake of mineral particles from a sprayed suspension containing an organosilicone surfactant
Authors: Kaiser Hartmut
Published: October 2014

Suspensions of insoluble particles are available on the market for foliar fertilizers. The question whether uptake of particles into the leaf interior is possible is under debate. The present study examines stomatal uptake of mineral particles into leaves of Avena sativa after spraying an aqueous suspension of calcium carbonate particles. By choosing a plant species with large stomata, confirming wide open stomata at the time of spraying and using a “super spreading” organosilicone surfactant, conditions were optimized for stomatal uptake. Scanning electron microscopical (SEM) examination confirmed particles in the intercellular spaces mostly in the vicinity of stomata. The number and size of particles was larger if leaves were treated with wide open than with closed stomata. The chemical identity of the particles was examined with electron‐dispersive x‐ray spectrography (EDX), confirming the presence of calcium carbonate particles among other particles of unknown origin. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for surfactant‐assisted stomatal uptake of mineral particles from sprayed suspensions in species with large stomata under specific conditions favoring stomatal uptake.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy for gastric cancer: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dai Qiang , Jiang Lei , Lin Rui‐Jiang , Wei Kong‐kong , Gan Liang‐Liang , Deng Cheng‐Hui , Guan Quan‐Lin
Published: October 2014

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) versus chemotherapy (CT) for patients with gastric cancer.

Methods

Electronic databases including PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were retrieved for original studies from their inception to April 2014. Two reviewers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies and extracted the data. All Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan Version 5.2 software.

Results

Six randomized controlled trials involving 1,171 patients were included. The meta‐analysis showed that there were statistical significances between chemoradiotherapy group and chemotherapy group in 5‐year disease free survival rate (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.09–2.24), local‐regional recurrence rate (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.32–0.67) and neutropenia (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.11–1.96). While treatment efficacy did not differ significantly by the 5‐year overall survival rate (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.92–1.88), 3‐year disease free survival rate (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.92–1.80), and new metastases (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57–1.03). Toxicities were not significantly different between two groups for nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.

Conclusions

For patients with gastric cancer, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy could significantly improve 5‐year disease free survival rate and reduce local‐regional recurrence rate compared with chemotherapy and, can be well accepted and tolerated. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:277–284. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microwave‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of ionic liquid for the determination of sulfonamides in environmental water samples
Authors: Song Ying , Wu Lijie , Lu Chunmei , Li Na , Hu Mingzhu , Wang Ziming
Published: October 2014

An easy, quick, and green method, microwave‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of ionic liquid, was first developed and applied to the extraction of sulfonamides in environmental water samples. 1‐Ethy‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, which is a solid‐state ionic liquid at room temperature, was used as extraction solvent in the present method. After microwave irradiation for 90 s, the solid‐state ionic liquid was melted into liquid phase and used to finish the extraction of the analytes. The ionic liquid and sample matrix can be separated by freezing and centrifuging. Several experimental parameters, including amount of extraction solvent, microwave power and irradiation time, pH of sample solution, and ionic strength, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum experimental conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 2.00–400.00 μg/L with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9995 to 0.9999. The limits of detection for sulfathiazole, sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfaphenazole were 0.39, 0.33, 0.62, and 0.85 μg/L, respectively. When the present method was applied to the analysis of environmental water samples, the recoveries of the analytes ranged from 75.09 to 115.78% and relative standard deviations were lower than 11.89%.
Simultaneous extraction and determination of various pesticides in environmental waters
Authors: Zhang Zulin , Lefebvre Thibault , Kerr Christine , Osprey Mark
Published: October 2014

A simple and rapid method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of nine different pesticides in water samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. A number of parameters that may affect the recovery of pesticides, such as the type of solid‐phase extraction cartridge, eluting solvent in single or combination and their volumes, and water pH value were investigated. It showed that three solid‐phase extraction cartridges (Strata‐X, Oasis HLB, and ENVI‐18) produced the greatest recovery while ethyl acetate/dichloromethane/acetone (45:10:45, 12 mL) followed by dichloromethane (6 mL) was efficient in eluting target pesticides from solid‐phase extraction cartridges. Different water pH values (4–9) did not show a significant effect on the pesticides recovery. The optimized method was verified by performing spiking experiments with a series of concentrations (0.002–10 μg/L) in waters, with good linearity, recovery, and reproducibility for most compounds. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of this optimized method were 0.01–2.01 and 0.02–6.71 ng/L, respectively, much lower than the European Union environmental quality standard for the pesticides (0.1 μg/L) in waters. The proposed method was further validated by participation in an interlaboratory trial. It was then subsequently applied to river waters from north‐east Scotland, UK, for the determination of the target pesticides.
Establishment of an immortalized laryngeal posterior commissure cell line as a tool for reflux research
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hyuk , Samuels Tina , Bock Jonathan M. , Blumin Joel H. , Johnston Nikki
Published: October 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has been implicated as a promoter of laryngeal cancer. Within the larynx, the posterior commissure (PC) is the region that usually comes into direct contact with refluxed materials. Specific laryngeal cell lines useful for in vitro studies are not widely available, and noncancer‐derived PC laryngeal cell line has not yet been described.

Study Design

Experimental study.

Methods

Specimens of squamous epithelium from the PC of the larynx were collected from patients without a history or evidence of laryngeal inflammatory or neoplastic diseases. Harvested tissue was cultured and then immortalized by transduction with human papillomavirus E6/E7‐encoding lentivirus. PC primary and transformed cells were characterized by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Primary cultures established from PC contained < 5% fibroblasts and displayed normal epithelial cell morphology and cytokeratin expression. These cells survived nine passages in culture. Following lentiviral‐mediated immortalization, cells retained normal squamous epithelial morphology and survived > 20 passages in culture. Methods were optimized for culture of PC laryngeal epithelial cells, resulting in 90% success rate of culture.

Conclusion

A novel immortalized PC laryngeal epithelial cell line has been established. This cell line provides a unique tool for investigating the mechanism of LPR in the development and progression of laryngeal cancer.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 125:E73–E77, 2015
Spectral parameter power series method for discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Blancarte Herminio , Campos Hugo M. , Khmelnytskaya Kira V.
Published: October 2014

Let (a,b) be a finite interval and 1/p, q, r∈L1[a,b]. We show that a general solution (in the weak sense) of the equation (pu′)′+qu = λru on (a,b) can be constructed in terms of power series of the spectral parameter λ. The series converge uniformly on [a,b] and the corresponding coefficients are constructed by means of a simple recursive procedure. We use this representation to solve different types of eigenvalue problems. Several numerical tests are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical implementation for reconstruction of inhomogeneous conductivities via generalized polarization tensors
Authors: Fang Xiaoping , Deng Youjun
Published: October 2014

This paper deals with numerical methods for reconstruction of inhomogeneous conductivities. We use the concept of Generalized Polarization Tensors to do reconstruction. Basic resolution and stability analysis are presented. Least‐square norm methods with respect to Generalized Polarization Tensors are used for reconstruction of conductivities. Finally, reconstruction of three different types of conductivities in the plane is demonstrated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.