bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INNOVATION AND ISLAMIC FINANCIAL FATWA IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Khasanah Umrotul
Published: October 2022

The Islamic financial system and its innovations can stimulate agricultural productivity and provide welfare for farmers. This study aims to: (1) reveal the views of farmers about innovation and the fatwa of ulama, (2) farmers' opinions on the Islamic financial system, and (3) farmers' statements about the traditional Islamic financial system in increasing productivity. The research uses a descriptive qualitative case study method with a Giddens structuration approach. This research is concerned with meaning, context, and emic perspective. Data analysis by analyzing important statements, formulating, describing, and reducing data to findings, propositions, and conclusions. Data collection and analysis were carried out simultaneously, prioritizing observation and interviews and the researcher himself as the main instrument. The research findings show the importance of innovation in Islamic finance. Farmers feel very helped by traditional Islamic financial systems such as partnership, one-third share, and one-half share models. The system can help farmers, both the landowner and land manager. The existence of the traditional Islamic financial system supports the welfare of the farming. Better if Indonesia Islamic financial institutions adopt the system. So that financing for farmers becomes easier and encourages the progress of the agricultural sector in Indonesia.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis and its Severity Predictors in Type 1 Diabetic Children; A 10-year Experience of A Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albuali Waleed H. , Al-Qahtani Mohammad H.
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the trend and precipitating factors of the severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the population admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in a large teaching hospital in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective, analytical study at King Fahad Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia. We retrieved the complete medical records of 2234 children who were admitted to the PICU during the 10-year period of 2010 through 2019. The children included
those with polydipsia, polyurea, abdominal pain, vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss, as well as breathing disturbances due to acidosis and CNS issues such as lethargy or coma and elevated blood glucose level, > 200 mg/dL [> 11.1 mmol/L], venous pH 7.3, serum total CO2 15 mmol/L,
and blood- hydroxybutyrate concentration 3 mmol/L or moderate or severe ketonuria. RESULTS: Out of 2234 PICU admissions, 211 (9.4%) were diagnosed with DKA. A persistent increase in the rate of DKA ended up at 14.1% in 2019 (p = .005). The incidence of DKA was 88/2234 (3.93%). The severity
of DKA was as follows: 130 (61.6%) had severe and 81 (38.4%) had moderate DKA. Excessive sweet intake without adding insulin in 83 (39.3%) patients and unhealthy lifestyles (35.1%) were the best predictors of severe DKA (p = .001). CONCLUSION: Over a 10-year period, the DKA pattern
was persistently rising and slightly falling, which ended up at the significantly highest rate of 14.1% in 2019. URTI, pneumonia, unhealthy lifestyle, and excess sweet intake were significant precipitating factors associated with severe DKA.
The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Incidence of Type 1 DM and the Glycemic Control of Diabetic Children: Findings from a Teaching Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Qahtani Mohammad Hussain , Bukhamseen Fatimah Mousa , Al-Qassab Aqilah Taleb , Yousef Abdullah Abdulsalam , Awary Bassam Hassan , Albuali Waleed Hamad , Alkhalifa Zainab Mohammed , Yousef Haneen Abdulsalam
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated glycemic control among T1DM pediatric patients attending the endocrinology pediatrics clinics at King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU) prior to and during COVID-19 restraining regulations. In addition, we assessed the trends and variations in the
incidence of T1DM during 2017-2021, including the COVID-19 years by identifying newly diagnosed patients presenting to pediatrics emergency department (ED) in KFHU. METHODS: To estimate the effect of COVID-19 on the incidence of T1DM, we identified newly diagnosed cases of T1DM among
pediatric patients attending the ED during the years 2017- 2021. The participants' data were collected through electronic medical records. Information collected included patient age, sex, and HbA1c readings. Three HbA1c readings of interest that were defined and collected are pre-COVID reading,
in-COVID reading, and post-COVID reading. RESULTS: The difference of female participants' readings was statistically non-significant (Z= -0.416, p = 0.678), with a pre- and post-COVID median of 10.70 (Q1= 9.00, Q3= 12.15), and 10.50 (Q1= 8.80, Q3= 12.35), respectively. In contrast,
the difference was statistically significant among male participants (Z= -2.334, p = 0.02), with a pre- and post-COVID median of 10.20 (Q1= 8.70, Q3= 11.80), and 10.65 (Q1= 9.00, Q3= 12.70), respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in HbA1c of persons > 11 years old
(Z= -2.471, p= 0.013), with a pre- and post-COVID median of 10.40 (Q1= 9.00, Q3= 12.10), and 10.90 (Q1= 9.00, Q3= 12.60), respectively. Conversely, persons ≤ 11 years old showed no statistically significant change in HbA1c (Z= -.457, p= 0.648), with a pre- and post-COVID median of 10.45
(Q1= 8.70, Q3= 11.85), and 10.20 (Q1= 8.40, Q3= 12.075), respectively. Disregarding any influence of time, the effect of sex showed no statistically significant difference in HbA1c between males and females [F (1,125) = 0.008, p = 0.930]. Meanwhile, the age effect on HbA1c, regardless of time
influence, was statistically significant [F (1,125) = 4.993, p = 0.027]. There was no statistically significant interaction between time and sex on HbA1c levels [F (1.74, 217) = 0.096, p = 0.883] and between age and time [F (3.92,289.57) = 1.693, p = 0.190]. CONCLUSIONS: The number
of visits to healthcare facilities dropped significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the rate of newly diagnosed T1DM increased. There was a variable effect on HbA1c levels of those patients, which suggests that each demographic group in the population might have been affected differently
by the pandemic. Future research should determine factors associated with better glycemic control and measures to sustain these changes the pandemic might have created.
Sarcopenia and Chronic Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Purnamasari Dyah , Tetrasiwi Erpryta Nurdia , Kartiko Gracia Jovita , Astrella Cindy , Husam Khoirul , Laksmi Purwita Wijaya
Published: October 2022

Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength and/or a decrease in physical performance, is classically related to aging. However, chronic disease, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), may accelerate the development of sarcopenia. Previous studies found
strong association between T2DM and sarcopenia. Insulin resistance that exists in T2DM is thought to be the key mediator for impaired physical function and mobility which may lead to sarcopenia. T2DM may cause sarcopenia through the mediation of insulin resistance, inflammation, accumulation
of advanced glycation end-products, and oxidative stress that may affect muscle mass and strength, protein metabolism, and vascular and mitochondrial dysfunction. On the other hand, loss of muscle in sarcopenia may play a role in the development of T2DM through the decreased production of
myokines that play a role in glucose and fat metabolism. This review highlights the findings of existing literature on the relationship between T2DM and sarcopenia which emphasize the pathophysiology, chronic vascular complications, and the course of macrovascular and microvascular complications
in T2DM.
KLASİK TÜRK ŞAİRLERİNİN DİVANLARINDA FESAHAT VE BELAGAT KAVRAMLARI
Authors: KEKLİK Murat , VURAN Yusuf
Published: October 2022

Klasik Türk edebiyatı estetik, biçim ve ifade açısından birtakım usul ve kurallara sıkı sıkıya bağlıdır. Bu usul ve kuralların başında belagat ve fesahat kuralları gelmektedir. Belagat, lafız ile mananın en güzel şekilde uyumudur. Tek tek lafızlarla değil metin ve cümlelerdeki lafızların birlikteliği ve ifade ettikleri mana ile ilgilenir. Belagat için öncelikli şart olan fesahat ise sözün doğru, açık ve kolay anlaşılır olmasını konu alır. Klasik Türk şiiri, belagat ilminin konusu olan pek çok sanat ve üslup özelliğini, tekniğini barındırır. Bununla birlikte klasik Türk şairleri genellikle şiir sanatı hakkındaki görüşlerini belirtirken veya şiirlerine ve şairliklerine övgüde bulunurken doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak belagat ve dâhilindeki kavram ve terimlere ilişkin görüş ve düşüncelerini de ifade etmiş, konuyla ilgili değerlendirmelerde bulunmuşlardır. Şairlerin belagate ilişkin kavram ve terimlere yaklaşımları klasik Türk şiiri estetiğinin anlaşılması ve şiirlerin incelenmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada fesahat ve belagat disiplinlerine ait başlıca kavram ve terimler divanlardan taranarak şairlerin bu kavram ve terimleri algılayış biçimleri hakkında ipuçlarına ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Şairlerin belagat kavram ve terimlerine yaklaşımları genelde belagat kitaplarında belirtilen kurallara paralel olmakla birlikte bazen de genel yaklaşımdan farklılıklar teşkil ettiği görülmüştür.
DEFTER GÖSTERGESİNİN KLASİK TÜRK ŞİİRİNDE KULLANIMI ÜZERİNE
Authors: ÖZEROL Nazmi
Published: October 2022

İnsanın sınırsız hayal dünyasını, duyarlılıklarını, sezgilerini ifade etmede dil göstergeleri yetersiz kalabilir. Gündelik konuşma dilini, şiire özgü iletişim dili haline getirmede dildeki sözcüklere yeni anlam, ses ve söyleyiş değerleri yüklemeye ihtiyaç duyulur. Bu durum mevcut dilin malzemeleriyle yeni bir dil kurmayı gerektirir. Bir sözcüğün anlam çerçevesi sadece temel ve yan anlamla sınırlı değildir. Sözcükler bunların yanı sıra birtakım tasarımlar ve duygu değerlerinin de odağı, yansıtıcısıdırlar. Bir şiirin gücü, içten anlatımı ve özgün imgelerinin yanı sıra zengin tasarımlar yaratacak, duyguları harekete geçirecek sözcükleri seçmesiyle de artar. Sözcüklerin özgün benzetmeler, aktarmalar ve alışılmamış bağdaştırmalarla şiirdeki etki gücü artırılır. Şairler; duygularını, zihinlerindeki imgeleri şiire aktarırken sözcükleri yeni anlamlarla kullanabilmekte, onlara yeni değerler yükleyebilmektedirler.

Bu çalışmada gündelik hayatta sıkça kullanılan “defter” göstergesinin Klasik Türk şiirinde, temel (düz) anlamının yanı sıra farklı tasarımların etkisiyle çeşitli kavram ve olgularla ilişkilendirilerek kazandığı anlamlar üzerinde durulacaktır. Klasik edebiyat şairleri, “defter”le kurulan ilgi ve ilişkilendirmelerde şekil bakımından “düzlük, iki kapaktan oluşma, kapakların açılıp kapanması, yapraklardan oluşma, belli bir dizgeden oluşma, yazılma/kayda geçme, hacimli olma; renk bakımından “beyazlık, siyahlık, parlaklık”; soyut bakımdan “içerik, okuma, anlama/anlamlandırma, mesaj verme, etkileme, silinme/değersizlik, sonu gelme, abartı, çokluk, değerli olma vb.” tasarımları devreye sokarak anlatım imkânlarını genişletmişlerdir.
15. YÜZYIL TÜRKÇE TIP ESERLERİNDEN SULTÂNİYYE VE SÖZ VARLIĞI
Authors: ÇOLAK Mihrican
Published: October 2022

Eski Anadolu Türkçesi dönemi eserleri arasında yer alan Sultâniyye, hem Türk dili hem de tıp tarihi açısından önemli bir eserdir. Eserin yazarı döneminin önde gelen hekimlerinden biri olduğu bilinen, ancak hayatı ve eserleri hakkındaki bilgilerin kaynaklarda farklılık gösterdiği Muhammed bin Mahmûd-ı Şirvânî’dir.
XV. yüzyılda yazılan Sultâniyye’nin konusunu koruyucu hekimlik oluşturmaktadır. Yazar, Çelebi Mehmed’e (1413-1421) ithaf ettiği düşünülen eserinde sağlığı korumak için ne zaman nelerin yenilip içilmesi ve nelerin giyilmesi, bazı durumlarda nasıl davranılması gerektiği konusunda bilgiler vermektedir. On dört bölümden oluşan eserde yazar, bölümleri fasıllara ayırarak suların, hararetin, hamamın, kusmanın, ishal ve kabızlığın fayda ve zararlarına; yiyecekler ve giyecekler hakkında bilgilere ve cinsel ilişki için önerilere; göz ve kulak sağlığı ile uykunun bedene etkisine; müshil şaraplar, haplar ve hukneler hakkında bilgilere yer vermektedir. Eserin, içerisinde yer alan hastalık, bitki, hayvan, ilaç, gıda, giysi, eşya vb. adlar bakımından zenginliği dikkate değerdir. Sultâniyye, zamanının diğer tıp eserleri gibi dil tarihi, tıp tarihi, eczacılık, botanik, halk hekimliği vb. için kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır.
Bu çalışma, eserin tanıtılması ve söz varlığının incelenmesinden oluşmaktadır. Eserin tanıtılması kısmında Sultaniyye’nin yazarı, eserin adı, kaynakları, ithaf edildiği kişi, yazılış sebebi, konusu ve nüshaları hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Sonrasında eserde yer alan bitki, hayvan, gıda, giyecek, eşya vb. adlar ile eylemlerden oluşan söz varlığı üzerinde durulmaktadır. Söz varlığı incelenirken sözcüklerin kökenleri ve kullanım sıklıkları belirtilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ilk sırada Türkçe adların, ikinci sırada ise Arapça adların kullanıldığı görülmektedir.
Ahmed Hayâtî Efendi’nin “Şerhü Tuhfeti’l-Manzûmeti’d-Dürriyye fî-Lügati’l-Fârisiyye ve’d-Deriyye” isimli Tuhfe-i Vehbî Şerhi
Authors: ŞAHİN Özlem
Published: October 2022

15. yüzyılla birlikte örnekleriyle karşılaştığımız manzum sözlükler sıbyân olarak nitelendirilen çocuklara yabancı dilleri öğretmek amacıyla kaleme alınan hacmi küçük, ezberi kolay eserlerdir. Manzum sözlükler sıbyân mekteplerinde, tekke ve dergâhlarda okutulmuştur. Daha çok Arapça-Türkçe, Farsça-Türkçe şeklinde karşımıza çıkan bu sözlükler Boşnakça, Fransızca, Rumca, Almanca gibi çok çeşitli dillerde kaleme alınmıştır. Eğlenceli olması ve kolay ezberlenmesiyle çocukların baş ucu kitabı olan bu sözlükler sadece kelime öğretmekle kalmamış, fesahat ve belagat öğretiminin yanı sıra bitki, hayvan isimleri, astronomi, tıp, beden unsurları, yeme-içme gibi çok çeşitli konularda eğitime katkı sağlamıştır. Çocuklar için yazılan manzum sözlüklere ilmî metotlarla şerh çalışmaları yapılmış böylece manzum sözlükler akademik zemine taşınmıştır. 1783 yılında Sünbülzâde Vehbî tarafından çocuklara Farsça öğretmek amacıyla yazılan Tuhfe-yi Vehbî döneminde çokça okunmuş ve rağbet görmüş bir sözlüktür. Sözlüğe çeşitli şerhler yapılmıştır. Çalışma konumuz olan Tuhfe-i Vehbî şerhi 1792’de döneminin ünlü ilim adamlarından Elbistanlı Ahmed Hayâtî (ö.1814) tarafından kaleme alınmıştır. “Şerhü Tuhfeti’l-Manzûmeti’d-Dürriyye fî-Lügati’l-Fârisiyye ve’d-Deriyye” tam adını taşıyan Tuhfe-yi Vehbî Şerhi, medreselerde ders kitabı olarak okutulmuştur. Çalışmamızda ilk olarak manzum sözlük ve şerhlerine değinildikten sonra Ahmed Hayâtî Efendi’nin hayatı, eserleri ve edebî kişiliği hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, eser nüshalarının tavsifi ve şeceresi anlatılarak şârihin şerh metodu maddeler hâlinde açıklanmıştır.
Exploration of Microbes in Different Spoiled Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Ashwitha K. , D Souza Steffi , Sarda Ritu , Krishnaveni K. , Likhitha B. , Grace Thabitha , Ritvik P.
Published: October 2022

Fruits and vegetables are very significant and have high dietary and nutritional qualities. Ingesting of fruit and vegetable products has histrionically augmented by more than 40 % during the former few decades. India is the fourth major producer of fruits and second foremost producer of vegetables in the world. Most vegetables and fruits have a derisory life and are further vulnerable to spoilage. Besides enzyme degradation, rancidity and oxidation being the roots of spoilage, the other main reason being the spoilage caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and Yeasts. This is making 30 % of the produce go into rejection. Reduction in the losses of vegetables and fruits leads to various positive outcomes which can be achieved by the assessment of spoilage of causing microorganisms and their preventive measures. The present research study aimed to explore the microbes in different spoiled fruits and vegetables. Bacillus sp. (18 %) was found to be the predominant species inhabiting most of the vegetables and fruits and Penicillium sp. (35 %) being the predominant species in case of fungi. The utmost prerequisite is the identification of the comprehensive deteriorative microorganisms for diverse kinds of fresh fruits and vegetables stored under exclusive packaging situations. In arrears to the rising awareness, there is also an inevitability for research of spoilage arrays and micro flora of vegetables and fruits commodity packaged with innovative and evolving to safeguard care while preserving the sensory, nutritional properties and to avoid rejections.
An Economic Analysis of Post Harvest Losses of Major Oilseeds in Mungeli District of Chhattisgarh State
Authors: Patrey Subhas , Deshmukh M. K.
Published: October 2022

The present study was carried out during 2020-21 with an aim to examine the production and post harvest losses of major oilseeds in in Mungeli district in Chhattisgarh state. The study’s focus was on two blocks that were carefully selected, namely Mungeli and Pathariya in the Mungeli district. There were 60 respondents overall, and the sample size was made up of 22, 18, 12, and 8 marginal, small, medium, and large farmers, respectively. A schedule for conducting interviews was used to collect the data, which was then appropriately statistically analysed. Age, education, sex, group size, occupation, annual income, and farm size were all examined as independent variables when examining the various characteristics of the respondents in order to learn more about the economics, post-harvest losses, disposal pattern, constraints, and suggestions for the major oilseed production in the study area. The total post-harvest losses for soybean and groundnut were determined to be 72.80 and 7.33, 91.96 and 7.31 kg per hectare and kg per quintal, respectively. For all of the major oilseeds, insufficient drying and threshing had the biggest impact on post-harvest losses. The highest marketable surplus was found in the disposal pattern for soybean, where it was higher at 95.96, followed by groundnut, where it was less at 88.35.The majority of the buyers of the oilseed farmers' produce were wholesalers and village merchants. All the groups faced problems regarding decreasing yield due to growing the crop regularly in same field as well as availability of labour in right time. In the case of soybean lack of processing unit is a main constraint in marketing of oilseeds this problems need to be rectified. According to the study, there is a need to improve oilseed storage, drying, threshing, productivity, marketing, and prices in order to decrease post-harvest losses, increase profitability, and improve marketing through suitable policy interventions.
Molecular Identification of Banana Streak Virus in Banana through PCR
Authors: Malik Chhavi , Pal Priyanka , Pratap Dharmendra , Panwar Deepak
Published: October 2022

Banana is the most important fruit crop such as rice, wheat, and maize. Banana (Musa spp.) is cultivated in more than 130 countries in the tropics and subtropics and is a staple food crop for millions of people. Its cultivation is affected by various diseases. Among them BSD (Banana Streak disease) caused by (Banana streak Virus) is one of the most important constraints in banana production worldwide. BSV is the causal agent of this viral disease in Banana crop (Musa spp.) It is a member of the family Caulimoviridae, genus Badnavirus. Badnaviruses have bacilliform-shaped virions, =30 X 150 nm in size and a circular, noncovalently closed dsDNA genome. BSV has a monopartite genome of ~ 7.2-7.8 Kb encoding three open-reading frames (ORFs). And causes heavy economic loss in banana cultivated areas after showing chlorotic and necrotic streaks on leaves. On the basis of symptoms such as green streaks on pseudostem, stunted growth, distorted fruit in smaller branches, leaf samples were taken for isolating genomic DNA using CTAB method with some modification in Selvarajan protocol. DNA was quantified (50ug/lit DNA). PCR amplification was performed on all isolates from IARI, New Delhi, Hastinapur (UP), and Healthy sample for early detection of virus. PCR done with the help of specific primer forward (BSMysV & RNase H 5466) and reverse (BSMysV & RNase H 6196) primers, using total extracted DNA. The Agarose gel was loaded with ladder DNA (1kb), followed by sample DNA. Among DNA samples, all showed amplification by specific primer pair of BSV. During the study it has been clear that the isolates of Meerut and IARI New Delhi were infected by BSV. So, based on this analysis, it can be concluded that, detection of virus early and proper eradication of infectious plants is very important before passing of virus to another healthy plants.
Assessment of Residual Effect of Paclobutrazol on the Growth, Flowering, Yield and Quality of Litchi
Authors: Jain Pratibha , Rai Ratna , Pant Rajani , Jat Rajkumar
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on the residual effect of paclobutrazol on the vegetative growth, flowering, yield, and quality of litchi grown at the Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during the period 2016– 2019. A total of 45 litchi trees were included in this experiment. The treatments consisted of four doses of paclobutrazol at 1.0 g a.i. (20 ml/tree), 2.0 g a.i. (40 ml/tree), 3.0 g a.i. (60 ml/tree), and 4.0 g a.i (80 ml/tree) per meter canopy diameter. The doses were applied on three dates, September 15, October 15, and November 15, through soil drenching in the years 2016 and 2017, subsequently. Plain irrigation water was applied in the basins of trees which served as control. The results show that application of paclobutrazol at 3.0 g and 4.0 g a.i. Per meter canopy diameter during 2016 and 2017 were the most effective in suppressing vegetative growth as compared to control. Higher doses of paclobutrazol persisted in the soil for longer duration and consequently affected flowering and fruiting during 2019. The trees treated with higher doses of paclobutrazol displayed more residual effects on flowering, fruiting, yield, and quality parameters during 2019.
Bacteriological Quality of Some Streams Used for Domestic Purposes in Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Douglas Salome Ibietela , Sampson Tonye , Isor Niabari Faith
Published: October 2022

Water occupies an important place in the performance of many vital activities such as circulation, excretion, reproduction, and various other metabolic activities that take place in the body. This study aims to assess the bacteriological quality of surface water sources used for domestic purposes by rural communities in Khana Local Government Area (LGA), of Rivers State, Nigeria. The analysed streams include Bianu, Kaani-babbe, Kor, Kpong and Lubara. The water samples from the various streams were collected once a month for three months. Standard Microbiological procedures were performed to analyze for total heterotrophic bacteria, Shigella- Salmonella, total and feacal coliform counts were determined using the most probable number (MPN) technique. The results of total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from; 1.47 ± 0.19 x 107 cfu/ml to 4.60 ± 2.74 x 107 CFU/ml. Total coliform counts ranged from 1.49 ± 0.50 x 105cfu/ml to 5.39 ± 2.03 x 105 CFU/ml. faecal coliforms counts ranged from 0.00 ± 0.00 to 4.05 ± 2.16 x 103 CFU/ml. Salmonella-Shigella counts ranged from 2.23 ± 1.4 ×103CFU/ml to 4.03 ± 1.77 × 103 CFU/ml. The mean range of coliform bacteria for MPN ranged from 1.08 ± 9.08 to 1.60 ± 00MPN/100ml. Faecal coliform bacteria ranged from 3.9 ± 3.6 to 8.66 ± 6.35 MPN/100ml. Thirty- nine (39) bacterial species belonging to thirteen (13) genera were identified, which include: Staphylococcus aureus (7.7%), Klebsiella (2.6%), Proteus (7.7%), Bacillus (12.8%), Salmonella (5.1%), Serratia (10.3%), Pseudomonas (10.3%), Escherichia coli (23.0%), Enterobacter (5.1 %), Shigella (2.6%), Flavobacterium (5.1 %), Chromobacterium (2.6%) and Micrococcus (5.1%). The water from these sources is not safe for drinking and for other domestic uses because of its low-quality thresholds. Therefore, the water sources require further purification to ensure its potability for domestic uses, and there is an urgent need for a safe drinking water supply in the area, to prevent outbreaks of waterborne diseases in these communities.
Green Biocide from Boerhaavia diffusa Leaf Extract Inhibits Biocorrosion of Mild Steel (MS1010) in Cooling Towers: Bactericidal and Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Lavanya S. , Jayanthi M. , Prakash D. , Rani M. Kavitha
Published: October 2022

In this study, we have investigated the antimicrobial effects of bacterial strains isolated and characterized from cooling water towers and biofilms niches of green biocide obtained from the plant Boerhaavia diffusa plant extract. Initially we have enumerated the viable bacterial cells from cooling water and biofilms of mild steel (MS1010). Various strains of heterotrophic bacteria that are isolated from viable bacterial colonies include iron oxidizing bacteria (IOB), Manganese oxidizing bacteria (MnOB), acid producing Bacteria (APB). Morphology of the isolated bacterial cells showed circular cells, slight yellow and gram positive rod cells. Specifically we have identified the selective bacterial cells as SKR-4 and SKR-7. Furthermore we have confirmed that the isolated strains SKR-4 and SKR-7 were capable of inducing corrosion of mild steel (MS1010), and it was confirmed using FITR and electrochemical studies like weight loss, polarization studies. Later we have tested the antibacterial effect of green biocide obtained from Boerhaavia diffusa and it was observed that 50 PPM green biocide was optimum for antibacterial effect of Boerhaavia diffusa. Also the same dose 50PPm was capable of inhibiting the formation of biofilm and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Taken together, our results showed that Boerhaavia diffusa plant leaf extract has the ability to inhibit the corrosion of mild steel (MS1010) and it is due to its antimicrobial efficacy and ability to inhibit the formation of EPS. However, our results are preliminary and further studies may be required to understand its mechanism of antibacterial action and to improve its efficacy on large scale levels.
Carcass Characteristics, Physicochemical Properties and Nutritional Composition of Meat from two Wild Birds: Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) and Northern Shoveler (Spatula clypeata)
Authors: El Rahman Mokhless Ahmed Mohamed Abd , Khalifa Ahmed Hamed , Badri Ashour Ahmed Shabaan
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the carcass, physicochemical properties as well as nutritional composition in breast and leg meat (with skin) of two different genotypes of wild birds namely: pintail (Anas acuta) and shoveler (Spatula clypeata) with regard to sex effect. The study involved forty-eight birds, 24 pintail and 24 shovelers (1:1 sex ratio) harvested during the hunting season (in September and November 2020) in lake Nasser from the Gerf-Hussein region, south Aswan Government. After the slaughter and dissection. PH, WHC and color coordinates of the breast and leg muscles were specified after 24 h of slaughter. After the dissection, breast and leg meats minced with their skin were sampled to determine cross composition, some minerals, amino acids profiles. The studied birds showed significant differences in body weight (BW), carcass weight, dressing percentage and percentages of neck and gizzard. Genotype affected the redness (a*), yellowness (b*), moisture, fat, ash and energy value of breast muscles, and also pH24, lightness (L*), redness (a*), moisture, fat, ash and energy value of leg muscles. Regardless of genotype, males showed higher body weight, carcass weight, as well as breast and leg cuts weight compared to females. The shovelers had a higher content of K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Co in breast and leg muscles compared to the pintail. While Pb and Cd exceeded maximum admissible levels which are recommended by European common regulation. Cd was detected only in breast and leg muscles from pintail. The essential amino acid content ranged from 39.73-44.45 g/100 g protein in pintails against 41.46-44.94 g/100 g protein in shovelers.
Effect of Agronomical Manipulations on Weed Density, Weed Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Field under Midland
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Pradhan Adikant , Chandrakar T. , kumar Thalesh , Bhaskar Om Prakash
Published: October 2022

Effect of agronomical manipulations were evaluated in Instructional cum Research Farm, S. G. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Kumhrawand, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India under RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with four replications in transplanted rice (var. MTU-1001) during kharif season 2018. Result revealed that hand weeding twice @ 20 and 40 days after transplanting provide wide spectrum weed control than remaining treatments except bispyribac-sodium @ 80 g /ha at 15 DAT which was at par to that of hand weeding twice. The dry matter of grasses, sedges and broad leaved weeds in weedy check plot had higher than other treatments during the course of observation. The crop growth parameters (tillers, leaf area index) and yield attributes (panicle length, grain/panicle, panicle weight) and grain yield were recorded highest in hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 day after transplanting (4.27 t/ ha) than rest of treatments except application of bispyribac- sodium @ 80 g/ ha at 15 days after transplanting (4.03 t/ ha) which were 40.94% and 32.77% increased in yield over control. The result suggested that hand weeding is most effective methods for weed management in transplanted rice and the bispyribac sodium @80 g/ha was the best broad spectrum herbicide in order to minimize the diverse weed flora in transplanted rice.
Effect of Girdling on Flushing Pattern and Yield of Bombai Litchi
Authors: Halder Agniva , Majhi Debalina
Published: October 2022

Trunk and primary branch girdling was carried out on 17 years old litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) plants of Bombai variety at Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, BCKV during 2017-2019. to find out the effect of Girdling on the vegetative and reproductive flushing pattern and yield of Bombai Litchi. The experiment was put on RBD consisted of eleven different treatments viz., Girdling (1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 5mm width) was done on primary branches of plants [T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively] and girdling on main trunk with 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 5mm width [T6, T7, T8, T9 and T10 respectively] and an untreated control. All the treatments were replicated three times. Consecutive two years of girdling on the same plant showed a great impact on flowering behaviour and fruit setting percentage as well as boosted the yield.
Management of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) Using Different Bio Agents in Indian Bean
Authors: S. Patel Himadri , Singh Tulika
Published: October 2022

Studies on management of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. on Indian bean using bio-agents under pot condition were carried out at Department of Nematology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. The pot experiment on efficacy of different bio-agents for the management of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. in Indian bean implied that application of Purpureocillium lilacinum 1% WP (2 × 108 cfu/g) @ 0.1% (w/w) followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5% WP (2 × 108 cfu/g) @ 0.1% (w/w) enriched with FYM reduced root-knot nematode population and increased growth and development of Indian bean.
Isolation and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Rhizosphere of Black siris (Albizzia odoratissima (L.F.) Benth)
Authors: Chikoti Manikanta , Bathula Jagadeesh , Bodiga Sreedhar , Thallapally Saideep , Vallabuni Sailaja
Published: October 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent one of the major components of soil microbiota with a potential to not only aid in the establishment of the host plant, but also to enhance the overall plant growth. Despite increased understanding of the mycorrhizae, the mycorrhizal association, distribution and relative abundance for the majority of forest tree species are lacking. In the present study, we have isolated and identified the diverse species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the rhizosphere of Albizzia odoratissima (Black siris) located at an intensively managed site in the Forest College and Research Institute, Mulugu, Telangana, India. Rhizosphere soil samples collected from four different sites at the study location were processed for isolation of AMF, which were then identified using microscopic examination of morphological features. The AM fungi observed in the soil samples included 4 species of Glomus, and one species each of Acaulospora, Gigaspora, and Scutellospora. The most common and dominant mycorrhizal fungi associated with roots was found to be G. mosseae with an average spore density of 35/100g of soil. Microscopic observations of root samples confirmed the presence of arbuscules as well as vesicles. Overall findings suggest that the rhizosphere of A. odoratissima is highly rich in myco- biodiversity in the FCRI campus, but intensive management of appears to limit the distribution of mycorrhizae to the deeper layers of soil, resulting in less diversity.
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of High-Risk Human Papilloma Viruses 16 and 18 among Women of Reproductive Age Group in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Moorthy Soundharya
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. People having Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are prone to develop squamous intraepithelial lesions that result in having six times higher incidence and persistence of HPV lesions while comparing with the general population. Against this backdrop, this study aims to detect the molecular characterization of HR-HPV16 and 18 isolates and their prevalence among women of reproductive age group. Materials and Methods: 100 samples of endocervical tissues of which 50 samples from HIV negative and 50 samples from HIV positive women were collected with two cervical swabs during gynecological examination. The tip of the swabs containing cellular materials was placed into a labeled screw-capped tube containing 3 ml of viral transport medium and they were transported to the State level Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) on the same day and stored at -80°C in a deep freezer until analyzed. Samples were subjected to DNA extraction and were subjected to PCR analysis for detection of HPV 16 and 18. Results: The overall prevalence of HPV 16/18 was 10% detected among HIV positive women and there were no cases among HIV negative women. Out of the 50 HIV positive women on ART, the prevalence of HPV 18 was 18% and HPV 16 was 2%. The mean age was 37.5 years. Both the mean age at first sexual intercourse and age at marriage was 17.8 years; mean age at first childbirth was 18.6 years. The prevalence of HPV 18 was 14% and HPV 16 was 2% seen among women with HIV who had no abortion. The prevalence of HPV 18 was 12% and HPV 16 was 2% observed among women who did not use contraceptives in addition, HPV 18 prevalence was 14% each and HPV 16 was 2% each seen among women who had history of STI and those who had more than one sexual partner respectively. The mean CD4 count was 327 cells/mm3. Conclusion: The prevalence of HR-HPV among women and its association with various diseases including cervical cancer is one of the most challenging problems in the present world. Further, the study fosters the development of overall strategies for enhancing the health status of women in general and the study area in particular by encouraging changes in the sexual behavior and lifestyle of women.
RE Greenhouse Technology: A Solution for Healthy Future
Authors: Mohanty Satyabrata , Singh Ruchi , Badoni Prerna
Published: October 2022

The requirement of diverse dietary needs have increased in the recent years due to the vulnerability of various diseases present in the environment that are likely to attack our body. So we need to have access to all types of fruits and vegetables round the year to boost up our immunity and keep up healthy. The greenhouse technology is of real help when we think of offseason vegetables and fruits. This article mainly focuses on the what, why and how aspects of the greenhouse technology.
Effect of Different Abiotic Factors on the in vitro Growth of Sarocladium oryzae Causing Sheath Rot of Rice
Authors: Muthukumar A. , Nivetha M. , Raj T. Suthin , Udayakumar R.
Published: October 2022

Studies on the varied physiological requirements of Sarocladium oryzae, which causes sheath rot of rice, were undertaken in the Department of Plant Pathology of the Annamalai University, Chidambaram. It was revealed that Potato dextrose agar medium,Czapek’s Dox agar medium and Carrot agar mediumsupported significantly maximal radial growth (83.50mm, 78.50mm and 77.00mm, respectively) and with bio-mass production (774.09 mg; 734.87 mg and 710.89mg, respectively). Significantly, exposure of pathogen to acidic pH (4.0) recorded maximum mycelial growth (82.68 mm), mycelial dry weight (767.00 mg) which was followed by exposing the pathogen to pH 4.5 under in vitro.The highest radial growth of 66.10mm in 12 hr light and 12 hr darkness closely followed by 8 hr light and 16 hr darkness (59.50mm). The least mycelial growth was observed under exposing sunlight for 4 h (3.70 mm). S. oryzae experienced its greatest radial growth at 30°C was found to be more conducive for the mycelial growth of S. oryzae (73.00 mm) under in vitro recording the highest mycelial dry weight of 764.704 mg, which was followed by 35°C.
Studies on the Interaction Effect of Planting Dates and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Yield Attributing Components and Quality of Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra)
Authors: Kavalgi Abhilash , Laksmi R. Rajya , Jyothi K. Uma , Krishna K. Uma
Published: October 2022

The present an investigation entitled “Studies on the effect of planting dates and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and quality of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra)” was carried out in Rabi/Winter season 2018- 2019 at Mango Research Station, Nuzvid, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh (India) with the objective of studying the interaction effect of planting dates and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and quality of red cabbage besides studying economic returns. Present study included 12 treatments combinations with three levels of planting dates (30th September, 15th and 30th October) and four nitrogen levels (80, 120,160 and 200kg/ha) each replicated thrice in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD). Observations were recorded on yield, yield attributing characters and quality parameters and mean performance studies revealed significant difference in all parameters. The interaction effect of planting dates and nitrogen levels was found significant. The yield contributing characters like head volume (980cc), head length (19.46cm), head compactness (1.40), head weight (709g), head yield per plot (56.67kg), estimated head yield per hectare (438.55q) and dry matter production (12.55%) recorded higher values with recorded with the treatment combination of 15th October planting date and application of 200 kg N/ha (D2N4). It also maintained best quality with maximum anthocyanin content (122mg/100g), ascorbic acid (38.65mg/100g) and TSS (9.06°Brix) recorded. Highest BC ratio (3.82:1) was obtained from the combination of 15th October planting date with 200kg Nitrogen/hector (D2N4). Based on the results obtained in the present investigation, it can be concluded that 15th October planting date combined with application of 200 kg N/ha (D2N4) proved to be best for getting higher growth, yield, quality and economic returns in Red cabbage for coastal Andhra Pradesh.
Efficacy of New Generation Insecticides with their Economics against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Infesting Bt cotton in Field Condition
Authors: B. Kaneria Prashant , Acharya M. F. , Shah K. D. , Khanpara A. V.
Published: October 2022

The present investigation on bioefficacy of insecticide against Bemicia tabaci infesting Bt cotton in field condition was carried out at Cotton Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during kharif, 2020-21 & 2021-22. Considering the efficacy and yield, afidopyropen 50 g/l DC 0.010 % found the most effective treatment over rest of the treatments as it occupied the first rank with yield (2538 kg/ha). The next best treatments were pyriproxyfen 10 + bifenthrin 10 EC 0.024 % with yield (2332 kg/ha), and pyriproxyfen 10 EC 0.020 % with yield (2195 kg/ha) stood in the second and the third position in yield and efficacy. Based on ICBR, the result among different treatments indicated that the pyriproxyfen 10 + bifenthrin 10 EC 0.024 % gave the highest incremental cost benefit ratio of 1:14.80. The next in order being pyriproxyfen 10 EC 0.020 % (1:12.35), afidopyropen 50 g/l DC 0.010 % (1:8.52).
Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Sida acuta Leave Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Associated with Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Ifeyinwa Ezugwu Roseline , Binyelu Walter Walter , Chibuzor Ugwu Celestina
Published: October 2022

Medicinal plants have been used as herbal remedies against many infectious diseases throughout the history of mankind. They contain secondary metabolites which have great therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases. This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Sida acuta leave extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections. The ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts of Sida acuta leaves were prepared using cold extraction method. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out on the different extracts using Agar-well diffusion method. The zones of inhibition were measured after 24 hours incubation. The results obtained from the study showed that the ethanol extract had more inhibitory activity on S. aureus with 24mm as the zone of inhibition at the concentration of 200mg/ml and a lower inhibitory effect on E. coli with 19mm as the zone of inhibition at the same concentration. Also, the methanol extract (21mm at 200mg/ml) and chloroform extract (19mm at 200mg/ml) had lower inhibitory effect on S. aureus with 20mm as the zone of inhibition and 19mm as the zone of inhibition on E. coli at the same concentration. The MIC of the ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts of Sida acuta leave were determined using the broth dilution method. The MIC of the ethanol and methanol extracts on the test organisms were 12.5 mg/ml and 25mg/ml on S. aureus and E. coli respectively while the MBC of the extracts ranged between 12.5mg/ml and 100mg/ml respectively. The chloroform extracts showed no bactericidal effect on the test organisms. The phytochemical analysis carried out on the plant extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and terpanoids. These secondary metabolites are responsible for the antimicrobial activities which aids in the treatment of diseases. This study therefore encourages the use of this plant extract in the treatment of human diseases caused by the test organisms.
Investigations of Foreign Bodies in Camel (Camels dromedaries) Fore Stomach at Tamboul Slaughterhouse, Eastern Gezira, Gezira State, Sudan
Authors: Elkhair Bilal Mohamed Hamed , Hassan Ghurashi Mohammed Ahmed , Mohamed  Ahmed Gehan Abdulla , Musa Gamaa Mohammed Ahmed Gamaa , Khidir Elhassan Khidir Abdin
Published: October 2022

A cross sectional study was conducted on one hundred camel slaughtered at Tamboul slaughterhouse from January to March 2021. The study was carried out to determine the prevalence and type of foreign bodies in rumen and reticulum of camel and to assess the association of risk factors with the occurrence of foreign bodies. Postmortem examination was employed for the recovery of foreign body from rumen and reticulum. A total of one hundred camels were examined using systematic random sampling method. 12% of the examined animals were found positive for indigestible foreign bodies in their rumen and/or reticulum. Risk factors such as age, sex, physiological status and nature foreign bodies were taken into consideration. There was statistical significance difference between prevalence recorded in pregnant animals with prevalence of 87.5% of foreign bodies than empty animals with prevalence of 12.5% of the affected animals. Statistical significant difference were recorded in old animals (>6 years) with prevalence of 75% than adult (1-6 year) with prevalence of 25% (p≤0.05). Prevalence based on sex was showed that 33.3% positive cases observed in male and 66.7% in female individuals. Taking the nature of foreign bodies in consideration 41.7% of them were plastic bags, 33.3%, cloth, and 25.0% were robe. In conclusion, this study proved that the foreign body ingestion found in camel grazing in open areas were contaminated with clothes, plastic material, robes, nails and other indigestible materials could cause serious health problem for free grazing animals.
Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, and Trade Balance Nexus in Nigeria: A New Empirical Evidence
Authors: Nwagu Godson Umunna , Orji Anthony , Jude Ikubor O. , Ogbuabor Jonathan E. , Anthony-Orji Onyinye I. , Nwufo Lynda C.
Published: October 2022

Today fiscal and monetary policy instruments are inextricably linked in macroeconomic management as the macroeconomic variables are interwoven. The broad objective is to analyze the impact of fiscal and monetary policy instruments on the trade balance in Nigeria. This study uses the cointegration method and ordinary least square estimation to examine the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on Nigeria's trade balance from 1981 to 2018. The co-integration test confirms the existence of a long-run relationship between monetary policy as measured by broad money supply and fiscal policy as measured by government spending, taxation, and trade balance. The empirical findings revealed that the selected monetary and fiscal policy variables did not improve Nigeria's trade balance during the study period. As a result, the study recommended that the government encourage trade policies that increase exports to attract foreign exchange inflows and foreign investments.
Cognitive learning outcomes with an inquiry learning model assisted by Macromedia Flash material on plant structures
Authors: Leasa Marleny , Lewier Meltina Agnes , Maelan Marni
Published: October 2022

The inquiry learning model (IBL) has been explored in many fields of science. Therefore, this research shows the exploration of IBL assisted by Macromedia flash in improving cognitive science learning outcomes for elementary school students. This study aimed to determine the effect of Macromedia flash-assisted IBL on students' cognitive learning outcomes. This quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group design used a sample of 66 students consisting of 33 students in the experimental group and 33 students in the control group. The data collection technique was carried out through tests, using test questions validated by experts and tested for feasibility. Hypothesis testing by the ANCOVA test analysis using the SPSS Statistics 23 program on the pretests obtained a sig value. (2-tailed) > which is 0.000 <0.05, then H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted. It means that there is an influence of the learning model on cognitive learning outcomes. The results of the LSD test showed that the IBL model assisted by Macromedia flash was significantly different in cognitive learning outcomes compared to the conventional model. Thus, IBL Macromedia flash assistance can be recommended for improving students' cognitive learning outcomes.