bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequential bias-corrected weighted least squares solution of mixed additive and multiplicative error models
Authors: Leyang Wang , Zhenjie Peng , Fei Wu , Weifeng Zhao , Zhanglin Sun
Published: October 2024

In the era of big data, the number of observations in adjustment calculations may reach tens or even hundreds of thousands. When dealing with these large dataset problems, many matrix operations are often required. At this time, the dimensions of the matrix will be large, which will generate a great computational burden. At present, no research results have been published on the computational efficiency of bias-corrected weighted least squares (bcWLS) for mixed additive and multiplicative error models (MAMEM). Sequential adjustment (SEA) groups the observations for calculation and can provide the same computational precision while greatly improving computational efficiency. This paper applies the idea of SEA to the calculation of bcWLS and proposes an iterative solution for sequential bcWLS (SEbcWLS). Using three simulation experiments to verify the effectiveness of our method, it was found that when the number of observations is 10000, the effect is better when the number of groups does not exceed 100, achieving the same precision as the original method while having high computational efficiency. The calculation results of line fitting and plane fitting are not affected by the number of grouping groups. For DEM (Digital elevation model) experiments with strong nonlinearity, when the number of grouping groups is too large, the effect is not very good, but the calculation efficiency is also higher than the original method, and the difference in calculation results is not significant.
Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions in LISA: reconstruction pipeline and physics interpretation
Authors: Caprini Chiara , Jinno Ryusuke , Lewicki Marek , Madge Eric , Merchand Marco , Nardini Germano , Pieroni Mauro , Pol Alberto Roper , Vaskonen Ville ,   the LISA Cosmology Working Group
Published: October 2024

We develop a tool for the analysis of stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds from cosmological first-order phase transitions with LISA: we initiate a template databank for these signals, prototype their searches, and forecast their reconstruction. The templates encompass the gravitational wave signals sourced by bubble collisions, sound waves and turbulence. Accounting for Galactic and extra-Galactic foregrounds, we forecast the region of the parameter space that LISA will reconstruct with better than ∼ 10% accuracy, if certain experimental and theoretical uncertainties are solved by the time LISA flies. We illustrate the accuracy with which LISA can reconstruct the parameters on a few benchmark signals, both in terms of the template parameters and the phase transition ones. To show the impact of the forecasts on physics beyond the Standard Model, we map the reconstructed benchmark measurements into the parameter spaces of the singlet extension of the Standard Model and of the classically conformal invariant U(1)B-Lmodel.
The surface electron transfer strategy promotes the hole of PDI release and enhances emerging organic pollutant degradation
Authors: Yang Yunchuan , Wang Dongyu , Geng Jisheng , Liu Jun , Wang Jun
Published: October 2024

In semiconductor photocatalysts, the easy recombination of photogenerated carriers seriously affects the application of photocatalytic materials in water treatment. To solve the serious problem of electron−hole pair recombination in perylene diimide (PDI) organic semiconductors, we loaded ferric hydroxyl oxide (FeOOH) on PDI materials, successfully prepared novel FeOOH@PDI photocatalytic materials, and constructed a photo-Fenton system. The system was able to achieve highly efficient degradation of BPA under visible light, with a degradation rate of 0.112 min−1 that was 20 times higher than the PDI system, and it also showed universal degradation performances for a variety of emerging organic pollutants and anti-interference ability. The mechanism research revealed that the FeOOH has the electron trapping property, which can capture the photogenerated electrons on the surface of PDI, effectively reducing the compounding rate of photogenerated carriers of PDI and accelerating the iron cycling and H2O2 activation on the surface of FeOOH at the same time. This work provides new insights and methods for solving the problem of easy recombination of carriers in semiconductor photocatalysts and degrading emerging organic pollutants.
Enhancing postural stability in musculoskeletal quadrupedal locomotion through tension feedback for CPG-based controller
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Matsumoto Ojiro , Kawasetsu Takumi , Hosoda Koh
Published: October 2024

A central pattern generator (CPG)-based controller enhances the adaptability of quadrupedal locomotion, for example, by controlling the trunk posture. The conventional CPG-based controllers with attitude control often utilized the posture angle as feedback information. However, if the robot’s body is as soft as a musculoskeletal structure, it can detect the over-tilting of the trunk based on proprioceptive information of the muscles. In general, proprioceptive information such as muscle tension changes more rapidly than posture angle information. Therefore, a feedback loop based on proprioceptive information has great potential to respond to sudden disturbances that occur during locomotion over uneven terrain. In this research, we proposed a CPG-based controller utilizing the tension of soft pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs). Musculoskeletal quadruped robots driven by PAMs are so soft, which prevents over-tilting of the trunk because the soft leg acts like a suspension. In addition, tension, one of the proprioceptive information of PAMs, exhibits high sensitivity to changes in trunk posture because the soft body’s motion easily is affected by over-tilting of the trunk. To validate the efficacy of the proposed controller, we conducted numerical simulations with a simple quadruped model and experiments with a musculoskeletal quadruped robot. As a result, the tension feedback is not effective for posture stabilization on flat terrain whereas it is effective on uneven terrain. Moreover, the tension feedback improved the running velocity over uneven terrain. These results will enhance the locomotion capability of musculoskeletal quadruped robots, advancing their practical application.
Fock space and field theoretic description of nonequilibrium work relations
Authors: Baish Andrew J , Vollmayr-Lee Benjamin P
Published: October 2024

We consider classical, interacting particles coupled to a thermal reservoir and subject to a local, time-varying potential while undergoing hops on a lattice. We impose detailed balance on the hopping rates and map the dynamics to the Fock space Doi representation, from which we derive the Jarzynski and Crooks relations. Here the local potential serves to drive the system far from equilibrium and to provide the work. Next, we utilize the coherent state representation to map the system to a Doi–Peliti field theory and take the continuum limit. We demonstrate that time reversal in this field theory takes the form of a gauge-like transformation which leaves the action invariant up to a generated work term. The time-reversal symmetry leads to a fundamental identity, from which we are able to derive the Jarzynski and Crooks relations, as well as a far-from-equilibrium generalization of the fluctuation-dissipation relation.
A novel system for removing examinee’s exhaled air using an open, lightweight non-sealing facemask-a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Abu Shkara Danial , Keynan Yoav , Brikman Shay , Dori Guy
Published: October 2024

Patients with respiratory infections (e.g. COVID-19, antimicrobial resistant bacteria) discharge pathogens to the environment, exposing healthcare workers and inpatients to deleterious complications. This study tested the performance of SPEAR-P1 (synchronized personal exhaled air removal system-prototype 1), which actively detects expiration and removes exhaled air using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask connected to a deep vacuum generating unit. Fourteen healthy examinees practiced breathing through facemasks at 30, 25 and 20 breaths per minute; oxygen and nebulized saline were added at later steps. To test the efficacy of removing exhaled air, CO2 was used as a proxy and its level was measured from the outer surface of the open facemask. Compared to the baseline recording, SPEAR-P1 reduced CO2 escaping from the facemask by 66% on average for all study steps and respiratory rates (p < 0.001), reaching 85.55% on average at 20 breaths per minute (p < 0.001). This study shows that removing exhaled air from examinees using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask is feasible. Future development of this system will enhance its efficacy and provide a method to remove a patient’s contaminating aerosol without the need to ‘seal’ the patient, especially in settings where isolation rooms are not readily available.
Investigating the impact of curcumin extract incorporation on PVA/Collagen/Chitosan/HAp nanofiber scaffold: morphological, mechanical, wettability, degradation rate, and antibacterial activity
Authors: Hartatiek H , Wuriantika M I , Rahmawati S A , Yudyanto Y , Taufiq A
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of curcumin extract incorporation on the properties of PVA/Collagen/Chitosan/HAp nanofiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning using PVA, collagen, chitosan, hydroxyapatite (HAp), and curcumin. Their morphology, mechanical properties, wettability, degradation rate, and antibacterial activity were comprehensively evaluated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of all components into the nanofibers and the potential for interactions between their functional groups. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed bead-free, fine nano-fibers with a decrease in diameter ranging from 139 nm to 108 nm. Simultaneously, enhanced mechanical properties were observed, with ultimate strength increasing from 2.8 MPa to 8.8 MPa as the diameter decreased. Notably, 15% curcumin extract maintained favorable hydrophilicity and degradation rates, crucial factors for tissue regeneration. Antibacterial activity was also enhanced, with an inhibition zone of 6.71 mm against E.coli observed at 15% curcumin treatment. Staphylococcus aureus exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (8.74 mm) at 15% curcumin concentration. This research demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating curcumin into nanofiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
Corrigenda to “Characterizations of monadic NIP”
Authors: Braunfeld Samuel , Laskowski Michael
Published: October 2024

The authors correct results in “Characterizations of monadic NIP” [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. Ser. B 8 (2021), pp. 948–970]. The notion of endless indiscernible triviality is introduced and replaces indiscernible triviality throughout, in particular in Theorem 1.1. The claim regarding the failure of 4-wqo in Theorem 1.2 is withdrawn and remains unproved.
The spectrum of Artin motives
Authors: Balmer Paul , Gallauer Martin
Published: October 2024

We analyze the tt-geometry of derived Artin motives, via modular representation theory of profinite groups. To illustrate our methods, we discuss Artin motives over a finite field, in which case we also prove stratification.
Random walk on group extensions
Authors: Salehi Golsefidy Alireza , Srinivas Srivatsa
Published: October 2024

We study random walks on various group extensions. Under certain bounded generation and bounded scaled conditions, we estimate the spectral gap of a random walk on a quasi-random-by-nilpotent group in terms of the spectral gap of its projection to the quasi-random part. We also estimate the spectral gap of a random-walk on a product of two quasi-random groups in terms of the spectral gap of its projections to the given factors. Based on these results, we estimate the spectral gap of a random walk on the

F

q

{\mathbb {F}}_q

-points of a perfect algebraic group

G

{\mathbb {G}}

in terms of the spectral gap of its projections to the almost simple factors of the semisimple quotient of

G

{\mathbb {G}}

. These results extend a work of Lindenstrauss and Varjú and an earlier work of the authors. Moreover, using a result of Breuillard and Gamburd, we show that there is an infinite set

P

\mathcal {P}

of primes of density one such that, if

k
k

is a positive integer and

G

=

U

⋊
(

SL
2

)

Q

m

{\mathbb {G}}={\mathbb {U}}\rtimes (\operatorname {SL}_2)_{\mathbb {Q}}^m

is a perfect group and

U

{\mathbb {U}}

is a unipotent group, then the family of all the Cayley graphs of

G

(

Z

/

∏

i
=
1

k

p
i

Z

)

{\mathbb {G}}({\mathbb {Z}}/\prod _{i=1}^{k}p_i{\mathbb {Z}})

,

p
i

∈

P

p_i\in \mathcal {P}

, is a family of expanders.
Class number for pseudo-Anosovs
Authors: Dahmani François , Mj Mahan
Published: October 2024

Given two automorphisms of a group

G
G

, one is interested in knowing whether they are conjugate in the automorphism group of

G
G

, or in the abstract commensurator of

G
G

, and how these two properties may differ. When

G
G

is the fundamental group of a closed orientable surface, we present a uniform finiteness theorem for the class of pseudo-Anosov automorphisms. We present an explicit example of a commensurably conjugate pair of pseudo-Anosov automorphisms of a genus

3
3

surface, that are not conjugate in the mapping class group, and we also show that infinitely many pairwise non-commuting pseud-Anosov automorphisms have class number equal to one. In the appendix, we briefly survey the Latimer-MacDuffee theorem that addresses the case of automorphisms of

Z

n

\mathbb {Z}^n

, with a point of view that is suited to an analogy with surface group automorphisms.
The minimal free resolution of a general principal symmetric ideal
Authors: Harada Megumi , Seceleanu Alexandra , Şega Liana
Published: October 2024

We introduce the class of principal symmetric ideals, which are ideals generated by the orbit of a single polynomial under the action of the symmetric group. Fixing the degree of the generating polynomial, this class of ideals is parametrized by points in a suitable projective space. We show that the minimal free resolution of a principal symmetric ideal is constant on a non-empty Zariski open subset of this projective space and we determine this resolution explicitly. Along the way, we study two classes of graded algebras which we term narrow and extremely narrow; both of which are instances of compressed artinian algebras.
On regularity of \overline∂-solutions on 𝑎_{𝑞} domains with 𝐶² boundary in complex manifolds
Authors: Gong Xianghong
Published: October 2024

We study regularity of solutions

u
u

to

∂
¯

u
=
f

\overline \partial u=f

on a relatively compact

C
2

C^2

domain

D
D

in a complex manifold of dimension

n
n

, where

f
f

is a

(
0
,
q
)

(0,q)

form. Assume that there are either

(
q
+
1
)

(q+1)

negative or

(
n
−
q
)

(n-q)

positive Levi eigenvalues at each point of boundary

∂
D

\partial D

. Under the necessary condition that a locally

L
2

L^2

solution exists on the domain, we show the existence of the solutions on the closure of the domain that gain

1

/

2

1/2

derivative when

q
=
1

q=1

and

f
f

is in the Hölder–Zygmund space

Λ
r

(
D
)

\Lambda ^r( D)

with

r
>
1

r>1

. For

q
>
1

q>1

, the same regularity for the solutions is achieved when

∂
D

\partial D

is either sufficiently smooth or of

(
n
−
q
)

(n-q)

positive Levi eigenvalues everywhere on

∂
D

\partial D

.
On Ramsey-type properties of the distance in nonseparable spheres
Authors: Koszmider Piotr
Published: October 2024

Given an uncountable subset

Y

\mathcal {Y}

of a nonseparable Banach space, is there an uncountable

Z

⊆

Y

\mathcal {Z}\subseteq \mathcal {Y}

such that the distances between any two distinct points of

Z

\mathcal {Z}

are more or less the same? If an uncountable subset

Y

\mathcal {Y}

of a nonseparable Banach space does not admit an uncountable

Z

⊆

Y

\mathcal {Z}\subseteq \mathcal {Y}

, where any two points are distant by more than

r
>
0

r>0

, is it because

Y

\mathcal {Y}

is the countable union of sets of diameters not bigger than

r
r

?

Clearly, these types of questions can be rephrased in the combinatorial language of partitions of pairs of points of a Banach space

X

\mathcal {X}

induced by the distance function

d
:
[

X

]
2

→

R

+

d:[\mathcal {X}]^2\rightarrow \mathbb {R}_+

. We investigate connections between the set-theoretic phenomena involved and the geometric properties of uncountable subsets of nonseparable Banach spaces of densities up to

2
ω

2^\omega

related to uncountable

(
1
+
)

(1+)

-separated sets, equilateral sets or Auerbach systems.

The results include geometric dichotomies for a wide range of classes of Banach spaces, some in ZFC, some under the assumption of OCA

+
+

MA and some under a hypothesis on the descriptive complexity of the space as well as constructions (in ZFC or under CH) of Banach spaces where the geometry of the unit sphere displays anti-Ramsey properties. This complements classical theorems for separable spheres and the recent results of Hájek, Kania, Russo for densities above

2
ω

2^\omega

as well as offers a synthesis of possible phenomena and categorization of examples for uncountable densities up to

2
ω

2^\omega

obtained previously by the author and Guzmán, Hrušák, Ryduchowski and Wark.
A dynamical approach to sampling and interpolation in unimodular groups
Authors: Enstad Ulrik , Raum Sven
Published: October 2024

We introduce a notion of covolume for point sets in locally compact groups that simultaneously generalizes the covolume of a lattice and the reciprocal of the Beurling density for amenable, unimodular groups. This notion of covolume arises naturally from transverse measure theory applied to the hull dynamical system associated to a point set. Using groupoid techniques, we prove necessary conditions for sampling and interpolation in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of functions on unimodular groups in terms of this new notion of covolume. These conditions generalize previously known density theorems for compactly generated groups of polynomial growth, while also covering important new examples, in particular model sets arising from cut-and-project schemes.
Preferences for drinking water temperature in mice vary with ambient temperature
Authors: Akiyama Miyu , Ishikawa Shori , Hosooka Tetsuya , Iwase Mari , Uchida Kunitoshi
Published: October 2024

Temperature detection and temperature preference are critical for the maintenance of thermal homeostasis and protection from noxious temperature. Methods to measure the time spent on plates of different temperatures such as the 2-plate test and thermal-gradient test are generally used to evaluate temperature preference. In this study, we established a temperature preference test that assesses water drinking behavior by modifying the 2-bottle taste preference test. We found that mice in a common-temperature environment of 23 °C avoid drinking water of temperature more than 40 °C. While mice in a common-temperature environment preferred 10 °C and 30 °C water equally, mice in a hot environment at 35 °C preferred 10 °C water to 30 °C water. Moreover, mice in a cold environment of 10 °C preferred to drink 40 °C water compared to 10 °C water. From these results, the temperature preference test that we developed could be used to evaluate temperature preferences owing to the ambient temperature changes.
‘KNOCK NOC’—Non-offending carers experiences with social work in the aftermath of Internet-based child sexual abuse
Authors: McGookin Naomi Katie
Published: October 2024

Children of individuals under investigation for the possession of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) in the UK are referred to social work to assess the risk of potential sexual harm. As a result of their co-parent’s offences, the non-offending carer finds themselves thrown into the centre of child protection investigations and parenting assessments, which is underpinned by the new reality they must face: Their partner is no longer considered safe to be left alone with children. This study was undertaken over the course of two years as part of my participatory action research doctoral thesis in which I worked in collaboration with four women with lived experience of social work intervention. This article focuses specifically on four themes identified that spoke to the women’s experiences with social workers. The themes are presented as messages that participants wished to communicate to child protection practitioners and were titled by the participants as follows: ‘we are terrified’, ‘we are not the perpetrator’, ‘we are on our knees’ and ‘we want to work together to protect out children’. Following a summary of themes, this article goes on to discuss how social workers might better respond to families impacted by CSAM.
Nudging for Tax Compliance: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Antinyan Armenak , Asatryan Zareh
Published: October 2024

Governments increasingly use nudges to improve tax collection. We synthesise the growing literature on nudging experiments using meta-analytical methods. We find that, relative to the baseline where about a quarter of taxpayers are compliant, simple reminders increase the probability of compliance by 2.7 percentage points, while tax morale and deterrence nudges increase compliance by additional 1.4 and 3.2 percentage points. Our further results highlight the conditions where nudges are more or less effective. Overall, our findings imply that taxpayers are biased by various informational and behavioural constraints, and that nudges can be of some help in overcoming these frictions.
Urgent hybrid repair of a symptomatic dissection-related type II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Monzio-Compagnoni Nicola , Tuveri Andrea , Russo Giovanna , Tolva Valerio Stefano
Published: October 2024

Emergency repair of type II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms is burdened by high perioperative morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a symptomatic type II post-dissection thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm that was treated using a hybrid technique. The repair was carried out in 2 stages. In the first stage, we deployed 2 imbricated stent grafts in the descending thoracic aorta. A left carotid-to-left subclavian artery bypass was pre-emptively performed to obtain a proper proximal landing zone and as part of the manoeuvres to protect the spinal cord. The endovascular first stage was effective in obtaining proximal sealing but, as expected, it did not prevent distal reperfusion of the aneurysmatic false lumen. A few hours later, we moved on to the second stage in which we repaired the aneurysmal distal thoracic and abdominal aortic segment by means of a multibranched synthetic graft. The repair was carried out through a left thoracophreno-laparotomy in the seventh intercostal space. A left passive arterial bypass and selective cold renal and warm visceral perfusion were adopted to provide organ protection. Technical success was achieved and confirmed radiologically. The patient experienced mild postoperative paraplegia, which almost completely regressed after a neuromotor rehabilitation program.
Exploring the Relationship Between Gene Expression and Low-Frequency Somatic Mutations in Arabidopsis with Duplex Sequencing
Authors: Waneka Gus , Pate Braden , Monroe J Grey , Sloan Daniel B
Published: October 2024

Intragenomic mutation rates can vary dramatically due to transcription-associated mutagenesis or transcription-coupled repair, which vary based on local epigenomic modifications that are nonuniformly distributed across genomes. One feature associated with decreased mutation is higher expression level, which depends on environmental cues. To understand the magnitude of expression-dependent mutation rate variation, we perturbed expression through a heat treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana. We quantified gene expression to identify differentially expressed genes, which we then targeted for mutation detection using duplex sequencing. This approach provided a highly accurate measurement of the frequency of rare somatic mutations in vegetative plant tissues, which has been a recent source of uncertainty. Somatic mutations in plants may be useful for understanding drivers of DNA damage and repair in the germline since plants experience late germline segregation and both somatic and germline cells share common repair machinery. We included mutant lines lacking mismatch repair (MMR) and base excision repair (BER) capabilities to understand how repair mechanisms may drive biased mutation accumulation. We found wild-type (WT) and BER mutant mutation frequencies to be very low (mean variant frequency 1.8 × 10−8 and 2.6 × 10−8, respectively), while MMR mutant frequencies were significantly elevated (1.13 × 10−6). Interestingly, in the MMR mutant lines, there was no difference in the somatic mutation frequencies between temperature treatments or between highly versus lowly expressed genes. The extremely low somatic variant frequencies in WT plants indicate that larger datasets will be needed to address fundamental evolutionary questions about whether environmental change leads to gene-specific changes in mutation rate.
Relationships Between APOE, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Dunk Michelle M , Driscoll Ira , Espeland Mark A , Hayden Kathleen M , Liu Simin , Nassir Rami , Natale Ginny , Shadyab Aladdin H , Manson JoAnn E
Published: October 2024

Background

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well-established risk factors for dementia. Relationships between APOE and incidence of T2DM and CVD are not fully understood but may shed light on the mechanisms underlying dementia pathogenesis.

Methods

Postmenopausal women (N = 6 795) from the Women’s Health Initiative hormone therapy clinical trial with APOE genotyping and no prior diagnosis of T2DM or CVD were included. We examined associations of APOE status (APOE2+ [ε2/ε2, ε2/ε3], APOE3 [ε3/ε3], and APOE4+ [ε4/ε4, ε3/ε4] carriers) with incidence of T2DM, coronary heart disease, stroke, and total CVD events using Cox regression. CVD outcomes were examined in baseline non-statin users and adjusted for statin initiation over follow-up to account for possible confounding by statins.

Results

Among all participants (mean age 66.7 ± 6.5 years, 100% non-Hispanic White), 451 (6.6%) were using statins at baseline. Over the follow-up (mean 14.9 and 16.0 years for T2DM and CVD, respectively), 1 564 participants developed T2DM and 1 578 developed CVD. T2DM incidence did not differ significantly by APOE status (ps ≥ .09). Among non-statin users, APOE4+ had higher incidence of total CVD (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.18 [1.02–1.38], p = .03) compared with APOE3 carriers, but risks for coronary heart disease (1.09 [0.87–1.36], p = .47) and stroke (1.14 [0.91–1.44], p = .27) were not significantly elevated when examined individually. CVD outcomes did not differ between APOE2+ and APOE3 carriers (ps ≥ 0.11).

Conclusions

T2DM risk did not differ by APOE status among postmenopausal women, but APOE4+ carriers not using statins had an increased risk of total CVD events.
Early menstrual cycle impacts of oestrogen and progesterone on the timing of the fertile window
Authors: Ecochard René , Bouchard Thomas , Leiva Rene , Abdullah Saman H , Boehringer Hans
Published: October 2024

STUDY QUESTION

What is the effect of oestrogen and progesterone at the beginning of the menstrual cycle in delaying entry into the fertile window?

SUMMARY ANSWER

Both oestrogen and progesterone contribute to a delay in the onset of the fertile window.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY

Oestrogen enhances cervical mucus secretion while progesterone inhibits it.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION

Observational study. Daily observation of 220 menstrual cycles contributed by 88 women with no known menstrual cycle disorder.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS

Women recorded cervical mucus daily and collected first-morning urine samples for analysis of oestrone-3-glucuronide, pregnanediol-3-alpha-glucuronide (PDG), FHS, and LH. They underwent serial ovarian ultrasound examinations. The main outcome measure was the timing within the cycle of the onset of the fertile window, as identified by the appearance of mucus felt or seen at the vulva.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE

Low oestrogen secretion and persistent progesterone secretion during the first week of the menstrual cycle both negatively affect mucus secretion. Doubling oestrogen approximately doubled the odds of entering the fertile window (OR: 1.82 95% CI=1.23; 2.69). Increasing PDG from below 1.5 to 4 µg/mg creatinine was associated with a 2-fold decrease in the odds of entering the fertile window (OR: 0.51 95% CI=0.31; 0.82). Prolonged progesterone secretion during the first week of the menstrual cycle was also statistically significantly associated with higher LH secretion. Finally, the later onset of the fertile window was associated with statistically significant persistently elevated LH secretion during the luteal phase of the previous menstrual cycle.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION

This post hoc study was conducted to assess the potential impact of residual progesterone secretion at the beginning of the menstrual cycle. It was conducted on an existing data set because of the scarcity of data available to answer the question. Analysis with other datasets with similar hormone results would be useful to confirm these findings.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS

This study provides evidence for residual progesterone secretion in the early latency phase of some menstrual cycles, which may delay the onset of the fertile window. This progesterone secretion may be supported by subtly increased LH secretion during the few days before and after the onset of menses, which may relate to follicular waves in the luteal phase. Persistent progesterone secretion should be considered in predicting the onset of the fertile window and in assessing ovulatory dysfunction.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. No funding was provided for this secondary data analysis.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

N/A.
Thinking through 1492: IR's Historiographic Operation(s) and the Politics of Benchmark Dates
Authors: Costa López Julia , Çapan Zeynep Gülşah , Zarakol Ayşe , Watanabe Atsuko , Mercado Adhemar
Published: October 2024

This Collective Discussion aims to open up space for an international political sociology of the production of historical knowledge that interrogates the politics around benchmark dates and what becomes knowable and unknowable through them. Specifically, it examines 1492 as a historiographical device through which to unpack how the discipline of IR knows history. 1492 presents a relevant case for this interrogation, for it is central for the historical narratives of a variety of approaches. In this sense, the different contributions do not seek to recover an alternative, ‘better’ history of 1492, but rather to explore its politics of knowledge production: what types of histories it makes visible, what types it precludes, and in what way it partakes in the reproduction of specific hierarchies of knowledge and the power structures that operate through them. In doing so, the Collective Discussion makes visible – and thus opens up for discussion – the historiographical operations performed by periodization and benchmark dating in IR, pointing to a way forward for an international political sociology of knowledge production in the discipline.
Clinician-Ordered Peripheral Smear Review by a Pathologist Has Low Clinical Utility—A Reference Laboratory Perspective
Authors: Nagendra Sanjai , Mongillo Jamie , Dodge Krystin , Ranjitkar Pratistha , Burns Betty , Allen Lavonda
Published: October 2024

Background

Clinician-ordered peripheral smear review by pathologist (CPSR) is commonly ordered and has been recommended for decades. However, the clinical utility of this labor-intensive test in the reference laboratory has not been examined. The objective of this study is to assess hematologic abnormalities identified in CPSR orders and to correlate them with complete blood count (CBC) and laboratory-derived smear review (LDSR) in the reference laboratory.

Methods

Two hundred consecutive CPSRs with corresponding CBCs from April 2023 were run by Sysmex® XN-11 analyzers, and their peripheral smears were examined by a board-certified hematopathologist. Hematologic abnormalities of CPSRs were assessed, and the correlation between CPSR and CBC/LDSR was reviewed.

Results

Nearly one-third of CPSRs (29%) had normal peripheral smears and CBCs. The majority of CPSRs showed nonspecific quantitative abnormalities. When compared against CPSR results, LDSR criteria identified 100% of hematologic abnormalities appropriately. Samples that were not flagged for review by LDSR rules were also reviewed (n = 174) to rule out clinically meaningful false negatives. One minor discrepancy (0.6% of cases) of small platelet aggregates was observed in a patient with a reported platelet count of 139 K/uL that was missed by the LDSR process.

Conclusions

In the reference laboratory setting, our findings demonstrate that LDSR adequately detects significant hematologic abnormalities and, therefore, CPSR should be discontinued.
Ecology and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in South India: an ecological analysis of factors influencing AMF in rice fields
Authors: John Sayona Anna , Ray Joseph George
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study examined the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), mean spore density (MSD), and root colonization in relation to factors such as agroclimatic zones, rice varieties and soil types in paddy fields of South India. The aim was to understand how these factors influence AMF association in rice, facilitating their effective use as a biological tool in paddy cultivation.

Methods and results

AMF were identified through light microscopy of spores, while MSD and percentage-root-length colonization (PRLC) were measured using standard methods. Correlation and principal component analyses were performed to explore the interrelationships between AMF characteristics and various environmental, soil, and plant variables. Sixteen AMF species were identified across 29 rice varieties from three agroclimatic zones, 6 soil orders, and 18 soil series over 2 seasons. Notably, 70% of chemicalized rice fields lacked AMF spores, and only 50% exhibited root colonization. This study offers new insights into the role of AMF in rice cultivation.

Conclusion

The AMF diversity and root colonization in relation to environmental variables underscore their significant impact on AMF in particular crop fields.
Research progress in three-dimensional forward modeling for the transient electromagnetic method
Authors: Chang Jianghao , Xue Junjie , Meng Qingxin , Li He
Published: October 2024

The transient electromagnetic (TEM) method is a valuable tool for detecting the structure of underground geological targets. However, TEM survey environments are complex and varied, with significant variation in the electrical properties of underground layers and ore bodies, as well as rugged topography. This study comprehensively reviews the progress of 3D forward modeling methods for TEM, including integral equation, finite difference, finite volume, and finite-element approaches. Key issues in 3D modeling for TEM are then explored, such as transmitting waveforms, grid generation, iterative schemes, air-layer treatment, and boundary conditions. A comparative analysis of existing 3D forward modeling techniques was then conducted, focusing on grid generation, iterative schemes, and memory usage. It is further highlighted that the key to improving the efficiency of TEM simulation is to develop parallel computing and improve the solving speed of large equation systems. The key to improving computational accuracy is to optimize time discretization, grid generation schemes, and boundary conditions. Finally, the authors suggest that the future development direction of forward modeling should focus on simulating complex geological and anisotropic models.
Puestow surgery in a SPINK mutation chronic pancreatitis: a rare case report
Authors: Solis-Pazmino Paola , Hernandez Iván , Gordon Erika , Clavijo Estefania , Alvarado Estefania , Lincango Eddy , Cedeño Andrés
Published: October 2024

This case report highlights the clinical presentation and surgical management of a 27-year-old man with recurrent pancreatitis attributed to a homozygous SPINK1 (N34S) mutation. The patient, who experienced multiple hospital admissions, underwent extensive diagnostic evaluations, including imaging and genetic testing, confirming the hereditary nature of his condition. Despite unsuccessful endoscopic interventions, a laparoscopic Puestow procedure was performed, aiming to alleviate symptoms and improve pancreatic drainage. Postoperatively, the patient's recovery was successful, and he was discharged with supplemental pancreatic enzyme therapy. The differential diagnosis included autoimmune pancreatitis and non-hereditary chronic pancreatitis. This case underscores the challenges and considerations in the diagnosis and management of hereditary pancreatitis associated with SPINK1 mutations, emphasizing the role of surgical interventions for selected cases.
Pseudo-3D visualization of Faraday structure in polarized radio sources: methods, science use cases, and development priorities
Authors: Rudnick Lawrence , Anderson Craig , Cotton William D , Pasetto Alice , Alexander Emma Louise , Tahani Mehrnoosh
Published: October 2024

We introduce the construction of polarized intensity cubes $\mathbb{P}$(RA, Dec, $\Phi$) and their visualization as movies, as a powerful technique for interpreting Faraday structure. $\mathbb{P}$ is constructed from maps of peak polarized intensity P(RA, Dec) with their corresponding Faraday depth maps $\Phi$(RA, Dec). We illustrate the extensive scientific potential of such visualizations with a variety of science use cases from ASKAP and MeerKAT, presenting models that are consistent with the data but not necessarily unique. We demonstrate how one can, in principle, distinguish between cube structures that originate from unrelated foreground screens from those due to magnetized plasmas local to the emitting source. Other science use cases illustrate how variations in the local $n_{\rm e}$B, and line-of-sight distance to the synchrotron emitting regions can be distinguished using Faraday rotation. We show, for the first time, how the line-of-sight orientation of active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets can be determined. We also examine the case of M87 to show how internal jet magnetic field configurations can be identified, and extend earlier results. We recommend using this technique to re-evaluate all previous analyses of polarized sources that are well-resolved both spatially and in Faraday depth. Recognizing the subjective nature of interpretations at this early stage, we also highlight the need and utility for further scientific and technical developments.
Charging effects on Rosetta dust measurements
Authors: Horányi Mihály , Deca Jan
Published: October 2024

Dust particles released from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko collect electrostatic charges. Their motion is influenced by the electric fields induced by the flow of the solar wind and by the charging of the Rosetta spacecraft itself. Dust grains with sufficiently low tensile strength might even be destroyed en route from the nucleus to Rosetta. A simple model of the plasma environment is discussed here to enable simultaneously following the charging and the dynamics of dust particles as a function of the heliocentric distance of the comet, the distance between Rosetta and the nucleus, the asymmetry in gas production between the northern and southern hemispheres of the nucleus, the amplitude and timing of ultraviolet flares, and the possible outbursts intermittently increasing the production rate of the comet. The electrostatic disruption, and the combination of attractive and repulsive forces between the dust grains and Rosetta might significantly alter the conclusions about the size and spatial distributions of dust grains released from 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. These calculations are presented to help assess the effects of dust and spacecraft charging in the analysis and interpretation of dust measurements by Rosetta.
Signatures of circumbinary disc dynamics in multimessenger population studies of massive black hole binaries
Authors: Siwek Magdalena , Kelley Luke Zoltan , Hernquist Lars
Published: October 2024

We investigate the effect of the cutting-edge circumbinary disc (CBD) evolution models on massive black hole binary (MBHB) populations and the gravitational wave background (GWB). We show that CBD-driven evolution leaves a tell-tale signature in MBHB populations, by driving binaries towards an equilibrium eccentricity that depends on the binary mass ratio. We find high orbital eccentricities ($e_{\rm b} \sim 0.5$) as MBHBs enter multimessenger observable frequency bands. The CBD-induced eccentricity distribution of MBHB populations in observable bands is independent of the initial eccentricity distribution at binary formation, erasing any memory of eccentricities induced in the large-scale dynamics of merging galaxies. Our results suggest that eccentric MBHBs are the rule rather than the exception in upcoming transient surveys, provided that CBDs regularly form in MBHB systems. We show that the GWB amplitude is sensitive to CBD-driven preferential accretion onto the secondary, resulting in an increase in GWB amplitude $A_{\rm yr^{-1}}$ by over 100 per cent with just 10 per cent Eddington accretion. As we self-consistently allow for binary hardening and softening, we show that CBD-driven orbital expansion does not diminish the GWB amplitude, and instead increases the amplitude by a small amount. We further present detection rates and population statistics of MBHBs with $M_{\rm b} \gtrsim 10^6 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ in Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, showing that most binaries have equal mass ratios and can retain residual eccentricities up to $e_{\rm b} \sim 10^{-3}$ due to CBD-driven evolution.
An effector protein of Fusarium graminearum targets chloroplasts and suppresses cyclic photosynthetic electron flow
Authors: Jin Minxia , Hu Su , Wu Qin , Feng Xiangran , Zhang Yazhou , Jiang Qiantao , Ma Jian , Qi Pengfei , Chen Guoyue , Jiang Yunfeng , Zheng Youliang , Wei Yuming , Xu Qiang
Published: October 2024

Chloroplasts are important photosynthetic organelles that regulate plant immunity, growth, and development. However, the role of fungal secretory proteins in linking the photosystem to the plant immune system remains largely unknown. Our systematic characterization of 17 chloroplast-targeting secreted proteins of Fusarium graminearum indicated that Fg03600 is an important virulence factor. Fg03600 translocation into plant cells and accumulation in chloroplasts depended on its chloroplast transit peptide. Fg03600 interacted with the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) proton gradient regulation 5-like protein 1 (TaPGRL1), a part of the cyclic photosynthetic electron transport chain, and promoted TaPGRL1 homo-dimerization. Interestingly, TaPGRL1 also interacted with ferredoxin (TaFd), a chloroplast ferredoxin protein that transfers cyclic electrons to TaPGRL1. TaFd competed with Fg03600 for binding to the same region of TaPGRL1. Fg03600 expression in plants decreased cyclic electron flow (CEF) but increased the production of chloroplast-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Stably silenced TaPGRL1 impaired resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and disrupted CEF. Overall, Fg03600 acts as a chloroplast-targeting effector to suppress plant CEF and increase photosynthesis-derived ROS for FHB development at the necrotrophic stage by promoting homo-dimeric TaPGRL1 or competing with TaFd for TaPGRL1 binding.
Timeliness of reperfusion in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and outcomes in Kerala, India: results of the TRUST outcomes registry
Authors: Mathew Anoop , Moolla Muhammad , Jeemon Panniyammakal , Punnoose Eapen , Ashraf S M , Pisharody Sunil , Viswanathan Sunitha , Jayakumar T G , Jabir Abdullakutty , Mathew Jubil P , John Thomas , Thomas Vinod , Bainey Kevin
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Transatlantic guidelines endorse quality metrics for timely reperfusion in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Compliance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is largely unknown.

Study Design

We prospectively evaluated 2928 STEMI patients in Kerala, India, across 16 PCI-capable hospitals who received reperfusion with either primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) or fibrinolysis. Primary endpoint was a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) composite of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke or readmission for heart failure at 1-year.

Results

Among reperfused STEMI patients, 320 (10.9%) received timely reperfusion with either PPCI or fibrinolysis, 1985 (67.8%) received delayed PPCI, and 623 (21.3%) received delayed fibrinolysis. Timely reperfusion had lower unadjusted MACE rates than delayed PCI or fibrinolysis (timely reperfusion: 11.9%, delayed PPCI: 13.6%, delayed fibrinolysis: 23.9%, P < 0.001). Mortality was lowest in the timely reperfusion group (timely reperfusion: 6.3%, delayed PPCI: 7.8%, delayed fibrinolysis 18.8%, P < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, delayed fibrinolysis had a higher MACE rate (HR 1.52 95% CI 1.04–2.21) and mortality (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.18–3.25) compared to timely reperfusion. Total ischemic time > 3 h and delayed first medical contact-to-needle time predicted MACE at 1 year.

Conclusions

Among STEMI patients in Kerala, India, only one in 10 eligible patients received timely reperfusion. Longer total ischemic times and delayed fibrinolysis were associated with 1-year MACE. Improving timely reperfusion is critical to enhancing STEMI outcomes in LMICs.

What is already known on this topic Given the established link between delay to reperfusion and worse major adverse cardiac events (MACE), global efforts have concentrated on minimizing different components of the total ischemic time to improve ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) outcomes. Compliance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is largely unknown. What this study adds In this cohort of STEMI patients in Kerala, India, total ischemic time and first medical contact-to-needle time correlated with long-term MACE rates, whereas other timeliness indicators did not. How this study might affect research, practice or policy Our study highlights the significant barriers to accessing STEMI care that are prevalent in LMICs despite incremental growth in the number of PCI-capable hospitals. The pre-hospital phase within total ischemic time is the most important quality improvement metric of STEMI care in LMICs, especially for patients chosen for fibrinolysis.