bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New technologies as a chance for emancipation of people with disabilities in the process of communication
Authors: Skotnicka Agnieszka
Published: October 2017

The aim of this article is to show the opportunities which new technologies offer in overcoming communication barriers in regards to people experiencing multiple disabilities. The solutions that new technologies bring can constitute one of the forms of resistance to the dominant model of perceiving disability and thus provide space for a particular resistance to the practices of discrimination and exclusion from the society of people experiencing disability, therefore entering into the emancipatory stream. Including the emancipation category into the emerging process of new technology allows us to create a broader theoretical context through which we can give it a new meaning - another dimension, i.e.: new technologies - emancipation ones: adopting such a vision gives new technology a technical dimension. By instilling the proposed position in the field of special education, we can contribute to the exploration of the potential that exists in every human-being regardless of the type or degree of specific disability.
Stock Exchange Interconnections and Legal Issues in Data Exchange
Authors: Polčák Radim
Published: October 2017

If philosophical cybernetics was interested in stock exchanges, it would probably treat them as relatively simple information structures. From that perspective, stock exchanges can be viewed as places where data on supply and demand of various negotiable instruments are processed. Besides that, stock exchanges, as institutions, provide respective transactions with additional informational (organisational) value that mostly consist of trust regarding the traders, clearing etc.Consequently, a stock exchange interconnection can be seen as very natural process providing for bigger pool of useful data. One of key tasks in the establishment of exchange schemes is then not to hinder or diminish the added information value, i.e. to at least keep the existing level of trust. In that sense, one of the most important components of interconnection design is the legal compliance.In the comment, we will examine some of the most emerging legal issues in data sharing between stock exchanges that were subject to examination under recently concluded project ‘Creating a legal and regulatory framework for interconnections between stock exchanges: A comparative study of the UK and Taiwan’ funded by the British Academy (UK) and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan. We will particularly focus in this comment on compliance issues in cross-border transfers of personal data and newly emerging regulatory phenomenon of cybersecurity.
Preschool Problem Solvers: CGI Promotes Mathematical Reasoning
Authors: Shumway Jessica F. , Pace Lauren
Published: October 2017

Learn how to plan purposeful opportunities for children under five to experience mathematics.
Lights, shadow, action!
Authors: Lee Mi Yeon , Kurz Terri L.
Published: October 2017

“More weight, longer shadow,” a student predicts before we begin measuring the lengths of our objects' shadows. Another third-grade student conjectures, “Standing-up objects make the shadow longer, and lying-down objects make the shadow shorter.”
Aspectos que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da cultura organizacional no Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, Campina Grande
Authors: Lucena Jose Gilson , Morais Francilene Araújo
Published: October 2017

Cada organização possui uma história e uma lógica própria de funcionamento, que pode ser traduzida na forma de traços culturais, revelando uma cultura própria, construída ao longo do tempo pelos diferentes atores e acontecimentos. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo deste artigo é descrever os aspectos que estão contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da cultura organizacional do I Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB), campus Campina Grande. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e qualitativa, por meio da aplicação de entrevistas, tendo como base um roteiro padronizado com perguntas abertas, feitas aos professores do IFPB. Após transcritas, os conteúdos das entrevistas foram analisados, levando em consideração o método de Bardin (2011) e também os estudos de cultura organizacional realizados por Martin (2002) e Schein (1999). Aspectos da cultura organizacional foram identificados, mediante histórias, artefatos, valores esposados, processos de trabalho, suposições, crenças, entre outros. Os resultados revelaram, entre outros aspectos, que o líder, na pessoa do diretor geral, teve um papel especial na construção da cultura organizacional ao impor suas crenças, seus valores e suposições, desde a origem do Instituto
Municipalismo reloaded: Voluntad, política e instituciones
Authors: Welp Yanina
Published: October 2017

Este breve ensayo confronta la experiencia de promoción de instituciones de participación ciudadana en América Latina con la desarrollada recientemente en los ayuntamiento del cambio en España, particularmente en Madrid y Barcelona.
Field theory, media change and the new citizen movements: Spain’s ‘real democracy’ turn as a series of fields and spaces
Authors: Postill John
Published: October 2017

A post-Bourdieu version of field theory can produce nuanced analyses of the relationship between media change, the new citizen movements and ongoing struggles for democratic renewal. Through the case of Spain’s indignados (15M) movement and its political offshoots, I explore the potential uses of a range of field concepts and propose a conceptual distinction between «field of civic action» and «dispersed civic space». Spain’s recent political changes are not a continuous flow of events but rather a series of discrete, ephemeral fields of civic action separated by a long hiatus of dispersed civic space. These complexly mediated fields are socio-political «games» in which civic players with technopolitical and other skills interact with other players in pursuit of specific goals and rewards. As a result, new citizen-led initiatives (e.g. PAH, Podemos, Barcelona en Comú) have bridged the alternative vs. mainstream media divide to great social and political effect.Una versión de la teoría de campos post-Bourdieu puede producir análisis matizados de la relación entre el cambio de los medios de comunicación, los nuevos movimientos ciudadanos y las luchas por la renovación democrática actuales. Partiendo del movimiento de los indignados en España (15M), exploro los usos potenciales de una serie de conceptos de campo y propongo una distinción conceptual entre «campo de acción cívica» y «espacio cívico disperso». Los recientes cambios políticos en España no son un flujo continuo de acontecimientos, sino una serie de campos discretos y efímeros de acción cívica separados por un largo período de dispersión del espacio cívico. Estos campos complejamente mediados son «juegos» sociopolíticos en los que actores cívicos con habilidades tecno-políticas y de otra índole interactúan con otros jugadores en busca de metas y recompensas específicas. Como resultado, las nuevas iniciativas dirigidas por los ciudadanos (por ejemplo, pah, Podemos o Barcelona en Comú) han sido capaces de salvar las distancias entre los medios de comunicación alternativos y los principales medios de comunicación de masas y han tenido un gran efecto social y político.
Entre el extractivismo y la defensa de la democracia. Mecanismos de democracia directa en conflictos socioambientales de América Latina
Authors: Hincapié Sandra
Published: October 2017

En este artículo se analizan los mecanismos de democracia directa utilizados en los conflictos socioambientales en América Latina. Demuestra que dichos mecanismos están jugando un papel fundamental, al convertirse en un importante recurso de movilización y acción colectiva «desde abajo», mientras los gobiernos centrales «desde arriba» han tratado de limitar su alcance o prohibir su implementación, en la medida que pone en el debate público las consecuencias del modelo económico orientado a la apropiación extractivista de los recursos naturales.This article analyzes the direct democracy mechanisms activated in middle of socioenvironmental conflicts in Latin America. It demonstrates that these mechanisms are playing a fundamental role, becoming an important resource for mobilization and collective action «from below», while central governments «from above» have tried to limit the far reaching or prohibit the implementation of that, in view of that these mechanisms puts in the public debate the consequences of the economic model aimed at extractivist appropriation of natural resources.
A formação docente e o ensino de História e Geografia no contexto dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Monteiro Maria Iolanda
Published: October 2017

O artigo refere-se a uma pesquisa realizada com 45 professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental da rede pública, em 2009, pertencentes à região de Araraquara, Estado de São Paulo. O estudo buscou o entendimento das dificuldades sobre o ensino e conteúdo de História e Geografia. Utilizou-se a entrevista para a sistematização dos dados, com orientações da pesquisa qualitativa. O estudo possibilitou a definição de algumas diretrizes para as políticas públicas de formação de professores, como valorização das áreas de História e Geografia, apropriação de seus conteúdos escolares e desenvolvimento de um estilo de ensino para o trabalho interdisciplinar. Identificaram-se ainda questões que envolvem a problemática da rotatividade docente nas escolas e do projeto político pedagógico da escola com espaços reservados para as áreas em discussão.
Impactos da formação pós-graduada dos professores em escolas portuguesas
Authors: Faria Ana Rita , Rocha dos Reis Pedro Guilherme , Peralta Maria Helena
Published: October 2017

A investigação apresentada teve como problema central estudar o impacto da Formação Pós-Graduada (FPG) de professores do Ensino Básico (EB) e do Ensino Secundário (ES) em dois agrupamentos de escolas em Portugal. Procurámos entender se os professores assumem essa formação como um benefício e de que forma isso se manifesta na melhoria do seu desempenho profissional, das escolas e das aprendizagens dos alunos. Apresentámos, ainda, sugestões para potencializar os efeitos da FPG frequentada por professores.
Policies related to access to higher education and work: academic education in question
Authors: Gisi Maria Lourdes , Do Rocio Cordeiro Gisele , Sugamosto Westphal Angela
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the policies related to access to higher education and work, and more specifically the relation between these policies and the requirements of the current society in terms of the education process. Such requirements are considered in a context strongly related to economic development, in the attempt to align the education process to market requirements only. Developing an academic education program committed to the acquisition of knowledge, which contributes to preparing for work and the emancipation of the human being, is a current challenge. Thus, research was conducted, using a focus group of 20 professors who work in higher education. From the testimonies, it was possible to identify four categories: characteristics of the labor market, professional requirements, characteristics of academic formation, and academic formation requirements. The data make evident the need to contemplate a contextualized and interdisciplinary education process to contribute to overcoming educational inequalities and to allow young people to access work.
Release of Black Carbon From Thawing Permafrost Estimated by Sequestration Fluxes in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Recipient
Authors: Salvadó Joan A. , Bröder Lisa , Andersson August , Semiletov Igor P. , Gustafsson Örjan
Published: October 2017

Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Yet the sequestration of BC in the Arctic Ocean is poorly understood. Here we assess the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of soot BC (SBC)—the most refractory component of BC—in sediments from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), the World's largest shelf sea system. SBC concentrations in the contemporary shelf sediments range from 0.1 to 2.1 mg g−1 dw, corresponding to 2–12% of total organic carbon. The 210Pb‐derived fluxes of SBC (0.42–11 g m−2 yr−1) are higher or in the same range as fluxes reported for marine surface sediments closer to anthropogenic emissions. The total burial flux of SBC in the ESAS (~4,000 Gg yr−1) illustrates the great importance of this Arctic shelf in marine sequestration of SBC. The radiocarbon signal of the SBC shows more depleted yet also more uniform signatures (−721 to −896‰; average of −774 ± 62‰) than of the non‐SBC pool (−304 to −728‰; average of −491 ± 163‰), suggesting that SBC is coming from an, on average, 5,900 ± 300 years older and more specific source than the non‐SBC pool. We estimate that the atmospheric BC input to the ESAS is negligible (~0.6% of the SBC burial flux). Statistical source apportionment modeling suggests that the ESAS sedimentary SBC is remobilized by thawing of two permafrost carbon (PF/C) systems: surface soil permafrost (topsoil/PF; 25 ± 8%) and Pleistocene ice complex deposits (ICD/PF; 75 ± 8%). The SBC contribution to the total mobilized permafrost carbon (PF/C) increases with increasing distance from the coast (from 5 to 14%), indicating that the SBC is more recalcitrant than other forms of translocated PF/C. These results elucidate for the first time the key role of permafrost thaw in the transport of SBC to the Arctic Ocean. With ongoing global warming, these findings have implications for the biogeochemical carbon cycle, increasing the size of this refractory carbon pool in the Arctic Ocean.
Charge Proportional and Weakly Mass‐Dependent Acceleration of Different Ion Species in the Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Catapano F. , Zimbardo G. , Perri S. , Greco A. , Delcourt D. , Retinò A. , Cohen I. J.
Published: October 2017

Energetic particles with energies from tens of keV to a few hundred keV are frequently observed in the Earth's magnetotail. Here we study, by means of a test particle numerical simulation, the acceleration of different ion species (H+, He+, He++, and On+ with n = 1–6) in the presence of transient electromagnetic perturbations. All the considered ions develop power law tails at high energies, except for O+ ions. This is strongly correlated to the time that the particle spends in the current sheet. Ion acceleration is found to be proportional to the charge state, while it grows in a weaker way with the ion mass. We find that O5+/6+ can reach energies higher than 500 keV. These results may explain the strong oxygen acceleration observed in the magnetotail.
Diastereoselective Regiodivergent Mannich Versus Tandem Mannich‐Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Zhang Wenzhong , Wang Xin , Zhu Biqing , Zhu Di , Han Jianlin , Wzorek Alicja , Sato Azusa , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Zhou Jie , Pan Yi
Published: October 2017

In the present work, we report the addition reactions between (S)‐ and (R)‐N‐t‐butylsulfinyl‐3,3,3‐trifluoro‐acetaldimine and tertiary enolates derived from α‐thiocyanate ketones. We demonstrate that these reactions feature unusual regiodivergence, affording either the direct Mannich adducts (NaOAc/THF) or the products of tandem Mannich addition‐cyclization (Na2CO3/DMF) reactions. The latter represents a new class of spirocyclic trifluoromethyl‐containing aziridines unavailable by other approaches. The reactions show wide structural generality, rendering them of certain synthetic value for preparation of new fluorine‐containing polyfunctional compounds of biological relevance. Mechanistic rationale for the observed reactivity and stereochemical outcome is provided.

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High‐Performance Non‐Enzyme Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Neutral Solution: Using a Nickel Borate Nanoarray as a 3D Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Wang Zao , Xie Fengyu , Liu Zhiang , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping
Published: October 2017

It is highly attractive to construct natural enzyme‐free nanoarray architecture as a 3D catalyst for hydrogen peroxide detection due to its great specific surface area and easy accessibility to target molecules. In this communication, we demonstrate that nickel borate nanoarray supported on carbon cloth (Ni−Bi/CC) behaves as an efficient catalyst electrode for H2O2 electro‐reduction in neutral media. As a non‐enzymatic electrochemical H2O2 sensor, such Ni−Bi/CC shows superior sensing performances with a fast response time (less than 3 s), a low detection limit (0.85 nm, S/N=3), and a high sensitivity (18320 μA mm cm−2). Importantly, it also demonstrates favourable reproducibility and long‐term stability.
Lipid‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized by Folic Acid as Gene Vectors for Targeted Gene Delivery in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Du Baoji , Gu Xiaoxiao , Han Xu , Ding Guanyu , Wang Yuling , Li Dan , Wang Erkang , Wang Jin
Published: October 2017

Lipid‐based nanoparticles as gene vectors have attracted considerable attention for their high gene transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. In our previous work, we synthesized gold nanoparticles/dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB)/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) (GDD) as anionic lipid‐ and pH‐sensitive gene vectors. To further realize targeted gene transfection, a series of gold nanoparticles/DODAB/DOPE/DOPE‐folic acid (DOPE‐FA) with various ratios of DOPE‐FA were prepared and termed as GFn (for which n=1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 %). The gene transfection efficiency mediated by GF2.5 can reach about 85 % for MCF‐7 (FA‐receptor‐positive cells), higher than those of the negative control (GDD, 35 %) and positive control (Lipofectamine 2000, 65 %). However, GF2.5 does not further promote gene transfection into A549 (FA‐receptor‐negative cells). The higher gene transfection efficiency for MCF‐7 cells can be attributed to enhanced cellular uptake efficiency mediated by the FA targeting ability. Furthermore, GF2.5 was also found to accumulate at the specific tumor site and showed enhanced in vivo gene delivery ability. In addition, no significant harm was observed for the main tissues of the mice after treatment with GF2.5. Therefore, GF2.5, with the targeting ability and improved transfection efficiency, shows promise for its utility in gene therapy for tumor cells that overexpress FA receptors. We believe the results of this study will find more broad applications in gene therapy.
Morphological Diversity in Nanoporous Covalent Organic Materials Derived from Viologen and Pyrene
Authors: Das Gobinda , Skorjanc Tina , Sharma Sudhir Kumar , Prakasam Thirumurugan , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Han Dong Suk , Raya Jesus , Olsen John‐Carl , Jagannathan Ramesh , Trabolsi Ali
Published: October 2017

Adjustment of the morphology of covalent organic nanomaterials is a challenge but can be achieved by perturbing the planarity of the monomers used as core moieties in these polymers. Here we describe a template‐free Zincke reaction for the synthesis of covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) that stack several layers thick and of covalent organic tubes (COTs). Both materials contain the same viologen linker but different pyrene‐based cores. Both polymeric materials are nanoporous, cationic, and highly stable in water, even in the presence of acid (1 M HCl) or base (1 M NaOH). Their porosity and ionic surfaces are responsible for high affinities and adsorption capacities for iodine vapor.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Letermovir Coadministered With Cyclosporine A or Tacrolimus in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Kropeit Dirk , von Richter Oliver , Stobernack Hans‐Peter , Rübsamen‐Schaeff Helga , Zimmermann Holger
Published: October 2017

Letermovir is being developed for human cytomegalovirus infection treatment and prophylaxis. In patients receiving transplants, antivirals are coadministered with cyclosporine A (CsA) or tacrolimus (TAC) immunosuppressants. Therefore, we investigated the potential for letermovir–immunosuppressant interactions. In 2 phase 1 clinical trials either CsA 50 mg or TAC 5 mg was administered to healthy males. Following washout, letermovir 80 mg was dosed twice daily for 7 and 11 days in the CsA and TAC trials, respectively, with a second dose of immunosuppressant coadministered with letermovir at steady state. In addition, letermovir 40 mg twice daily was administered for 14 days, and either CsA 50 or 200 mg administered on days 7 and 14. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability were assessed. Letermovir increased CsA and TAC Cmax by 37% and 70%, respectively, and exposure by 70% and 78%, respectively, compared with immunosuppressant alone; t½ was also increased from 10.7 to 17.9 hours for CsA. CsA (50/200 mg) increased letermovir Cmax,ss (109%/167%) and AUCss,τ (126%/237%) and decreased t½ (4.33 to 3.68/3.04 hours) versus letermovir alone. TAC did not significantly affect letermovir pharmacokinetics. All treatments were well tolerated. Concomitant letermovir increased TAC and CsA exposure. CsA altered letermovir pharmacokinetics, whereas TAC did not.
Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Diphenhydramine HCl in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gelotte Cathy K. , Zimmerman Brenda A. , Thompson Gary A.
Published: October 2017

Diphenhydramine pharmacokinetics were characterized following a single oral dose in children aged 2 to 17 years using a weight‐ and age‐based dosing schedule with more tiers than the current age‐based dosing schedule recommended by the nonprescription drug monograph. This study was conducted in 42 subjects, aged 2 to 17 years. Doses were based on a weight‐age dosing schedule, ranging from 6.25 to 50 mg. An oral dose was administered with water about 2 hours after a light breakfast. Plasma samples were obtained up to 48 hours after dosing and analyzed for diphenhydramine. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental methods, and the relationship of oral clearance with age was assessed using linear regression. Over an 8‐fold range of doses, Cmax and AUC increased ∼90 % to ∼140% across age groups, with a similar Tmax (1.5 hours). Oral CL/F increased with age, but after allometric scaling, no maturation‐related change in CL/F was apparent. Mild somnolence was the most commonly reported adverse event (95% of the subjects). A weight‐age dosing schedule using an 8‐fold range of doses achieved Cmax and AUC that increased about 2‐fold across age groups. No effect of maturation on CL/F was observed after allometric scaling.
Flicking the Switch on Donor–Acceptor Interactions in Hexaazatrinaphthalene Dyes: A Spectroscopic and Computational Study
Authors: Barnsley Jonathan E. , Lomax Bethany A. , McLay James R. W. , Larsen Christopher B. , Lucas Nigel T. , Gordon Keith C.
Published: October 2017

The front cover artwork is provided by J. E. Barnsley et al. at the Department of Chemistry, University of Otago (New Zealand). The image illustrates the charge‐transfer behaviour of triphenylamine‐substituted hexaazatrinaphthalene dyes. For the thiophene‐linked compound, absorption and emission associated with the charge‐transfer state is intense (i.e. “ON”) whereas for the triazolyl‐linked compound the charge‐transfer absorption is almost completely diminished (i.e.“OFF”). Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.201700092.
Pharmacokinetic properties of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH‐018 in oral fluid after inhalation
Authors: Toennes Stefan W. , Geraths Anna , Pogoda Werner , Paulke Alexander , Wunder Cora , Theunissen Eef L. , Ramaekers Johannes G.
Published: October 2017

Each year, synthetic cannabinoids occur in high numbers on the illicit drug market, but data on their detectability are rarely available. A pilot study was performed to assess adverse effects of JWH‐018, which is one of the oldest and best known synthetic cannabinoids. Oral fluid has been evaluated as a specimen for drug monitoring. Six subjects inhaled smoke derived from 2 and 3 mg JWH‐018. The drug and 10 of its metabolites were analyzed in oral fluid samples collected during the following 12 hours using the Quantisal collection device by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Maximum concentrations of JWH‐018 reached 2.2–2036 (median 25.7) ng/mL after inhalation and decreased during the next hour to only 0.08–8.42 (median 0.89) ng/mL. Metabolites were not found. During the elimination phase (median half‐life 1.69 hours), detection of the drug over 6–12 hours (median 8 hours) after inhalation was achieved (0.024 ng/mL limit of quantification). Oral fluid/serum ratios varied considerably intra‐ and inter‐individually in a range of 0.05–555 (median 1.38). The detection of JWH‐018 in oral fluid requires high analytical sensitivity even 1 hour after inhalation. The pharmacokinetic properties of inhaled JWH‐018 are similar to those of THC. Times for detection are typically less than 12 hours. High variability of the oral fluid/serum ratio precludes extrapolation of oral fluid concentrations to blood.
Expanding the methodological toolbox of HRM researchers: The added value of latent bathtub models and optimal matching analysis
Authors: van der Laken Paul , Bakk Zsuzsa , Giagkoulas Vasileios , van Leeuwen Linda , Bongenaar Esther
Published: October 2017

Researchers frequently rely on general linear models (GLMs) to investigate the impact of human resource management (HRM) decisions. However, the structure of organizations and recent technological advancements in the measurement of HRM processes cause contemporary HR data to be hierarchical and/or longitudinal. At the same time, the growing interest in effects at different levels of analysis and over prolonged periods of time further drives the need for HRM researchers to differentiate from traditional methodology. While multilevel techniques have become more common, this article proposes two additional methods that may complement the current methodological toolbox of HRM researchers. Latent bathtub models can accurately describe the multilevel mechanisms occurring in organizations, even if the outcome resides at the higher level of analysis. Optimal matching analysis can be useful to unveil longitudinal patterns in HR data, particularly in contexts where HRM processes are measured on a continuous basis. Illustrating the methods’ applicability to research on employee engagement, this paper demonstrates that the HRM community—both research and practice—can benefit from a more diversified methodological toolbox, drawing on techniques from within and outside the direct field to improve the decision‐making process.
A SNP uncoupling Mina expression from the TGFβ signaling pathway
Authors: Lian Shang L. , Mihi Belgacem , Koyanagi Madoka , Nakayama Toshinori , Bix Mark
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Mina is a JmjC family 2‐oxoglutarate oxygenase with pleiotropic roles in cell proliferation, cancer, T cell differentiation, pulmonary inflammation, and intestinal parasite expulsion. Although Mina expression varies according to cell‐type, developmental stage and activation state, its transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. Across inbred mouse strains, Mina protein level exhibits a bimodal distribution, correlating with inheritance of a biallelic haplotype block comprising 21 promoter/intron 1‐region SNPs. We previously showed that heritable differences in Mina protein level are transcriptionally regulated.

Methods

Accordingly, we decided to test the hypothesis that at least one of the promoter/intron 1‐region SNPs perturbs a Mina cis‐regulatory element (CRE). Here, we have comprehensively scanned for CREs across a Mina locus‐spanning 26‐kilobase genomic interval.

Results

We discovered 8 potential CREs and functionally validated 4 of these, the strongest of which (E2), residing in intron 1, contained a SNP whose BALB/c—but not C57Bl/6 allele—abolished both Smad3 binding and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) responsiveness.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the TGFβ signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating Mina expression and SNP rs4191790 controls heritable variation in Mina expression level, raising important questions regarding the evolution of an allele that uncouples Mina expression from the TGFβ signaling pathway.
T cells responding to Trypanosoma cruzi detected by membrane TNF‐α and CD154 in chagasic patients
Authors: Ripoll Juan G. , Giraldo Nicolás A. , Bolaños Natalia I. , Roa Nubia , Rosas Fernando , Cuéllar Adriana , Puerta Concepción J. , González John M.
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection whose pathogenesis is related to parasite persistence and a dysfunctional cellular immune response. Variability in cytokine secretion among chronic Trypanosoma cruzi‐infected patients might preclude the identification of the pool of antigen specific T cells. The goal of this study was to determine the fraction of T cells responding to T. cruzi antigen measured by the expression of membrane TNF‐α and CD154.

Methods

A total of 21 chagasic patients, 11 healthy and 5 non‐chagasic cardiomyopathy controls were analyzed. PBMCs were short‐term cultured in the presence of anti‐CD28, anti‐CD49d, anti‐TNF‐α, and TACE (TNF‐α converting enzyme) inhibitor either under T. cruzi‐lysate or polyclonal stimuli. Cells were stained with anti‐CD3, anti‐CD4, anti‐CD8, and anti‐CD154, and analyzed with flow cytometry.

Results

CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in chagasic patients displayed higher percentages of membrane‐bound TNF‐α+ and CD154+ compared with controls after T. cruzi‐antigen stimulation. Both markers displayed a positive correlation in the T cell subpopulations analyzed. Symptomatic chagasic patients were differentiated from asymptomatic patients based on the expression of CD154 and membrane TNF‐α in TCD4+ and TCD8+ compartments, respectively.

Conclusions

These results show that both markers could be useful for assessing the pool of antigen‐specific T cells in chronic chagasic patients.
Synthesis of Unsymmetric Monosubstituted and Disubstituted Dinaphthothiophenes
Authors: Throgmorton John C. , Chintala Satyanarayana M. , McCulla Ryan D.
Published: October 2017

Dinaphthothiophenes (DNTs) are a class of compounds with potential uses in organic semiconductors and the synthesis of unsymmetric catalysts. Symmetrical or asymmetrical addition of functional groups to the DNT structure may be desired for steric bulk in binaphthyl catalyst synthesis or tuning the electronic properties of semiconductors. Thus, versatility of functional group addition is a great asset in DNT synthesis. Until now, no versatile and concise methods for the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted DNTs have been reported. Herein, we report three synthetic routes for the creation of three different classes of DNTs. Each route involves the successive addition of two functionalized styryl groups to a thiophene ring, followed by a photocyclization to form the desired asymmetric DNT. Various novel unsymmetrically monosubstituted and disubstituted dinaphtho[2,1‐b:1′,2′‐d]thiophenes, dinaphtho[1,2‐b:1′,2′‐d]thiophenes, and dinaphtho[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐d]thiophenes were synthesized from 2‐bromothiophene,2,4‐dibromothiophene, and 3,4‐dibromothiophene in three or four steps. These methods can be used to synthesize a wide variety of unsymmetrically functionalized DNTs.
New Synthetic Approaches for Cytotoxic Activity of Novel 1,8‐Naphthyridine Derivatives
Authors: El‐Hadidy Sherihan A. , Selim Yasser A.
Published: October 2017

A series of substituted 1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives was synthesized as cytotoxic agent by using starting material 1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carbohydrazide (1). Further reactions on compound 1 were processed with different reagents to afford the corresponding 3‐heteraryl‐1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives 2–22. In vitro cytotoxic activities of new synthesized compounds were assayed against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, which showed that compounds 3 and 12 had the more potent cytotoxic activity.
Addressing rural and remote access disparities for patients with inflammatory arthritis through video‐conferencing and innovative inter‐professional care models
Authors: Taylor‐Gjevre Regina , Nair Bindu , Bath Brenna , Okpalauwaekwe Udoka , Sharma Meenu , Penz Erika , Trask Catherine , Stewart Samuel Alan
Published: October 2017

Objective

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients followed longitudinally using video‐conferencing and inter‐professional care support have comparable disease control to those followed in traditional in‐person rheumatology clinics.

Methods

This was a randomized controlled trial for 85 RA patients allocated to either traditional in‐person rheumatology follow‐up or video‐conferenced follow‐up with urban‐based rheumatologists and rural in‐person physical therapist examiners. Follow‐up was every 3 months for 9 months. Outcome measures included disease activity metrics (disease activity in 28 joints with CRP measure score [DAS28‐CRP], and RA disease activity index [RADAI]), modified health assessment questionnaire (mHAQ), quality of life (EuroQOL five dimensions questionnaire [EQ5D]) and patient satisfaction (nine‐item visit‐specific satisfaction questionnaire [VSQ9]).

Results

Of 85 participants, 54 were randomized to the video‐conferencing team model and 31 to the traditional clinic (control group). Dropout rates were high, with only 31 (57%) from the video‐conferencing and 23 (74%) from the control group completing the study. The mean age for study participants was 56 years; 20% were male. Mean RA disease duration was 13.9 years. There were no significant between‐group differences in DAS28‐CRP, RADAI, mHAQ or EQ5D scores at baseline or over the study period. Satisfaction rates were high in both groups.

Conclusions

We found no evidence of a difference in effectiveness between inter‐professional video‐conferencing and traditional rheumatology clinic for both the provision of effective follow‐up care and patient satisfaction for established RA patients. High dropout rates reinforce the need for consultation with patients' needs and preferences in developing models of care. While use of video‐conferencing/telehealth technologies may be a distinct advantage for some patients, there may be loss of travel‐related auxiliary benefits for others.
New Application of Hydroxyl Groups: Ligands for High Density Metal Organic Frameworks
Authors: Su Hui , Dong Yalu , Du Yao , Zhang Pengcheng , Peng Panpan , Li Shenghua , Zhang Jichuan , Pang Siping
Published: October 2017

Energetic metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with energetic anions as ligands can be used as new‐generation explosives. Many powerful anions have been introduced into energetic MOFs to improve the properties; however, the hydroxyl as a common group for energetic MOFs has rarely been studied. In this article, we present two examples of energetic MOFs ([Cu(atz)(NO3)(OH)]n) and [Zn(ata)(OH)] (atz=4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole; ata=5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole) with the hydroxyl group as the ligand. Crystal structure analyses reveal that the two compounds possess compact two‐dimensional (2‐D) structures with densities up to 2.41 g cm−3 and 2.54 g cm−3, respectively. These two compounds have excellent physicochemical properties. The results demonstrate that a hydroxyl group as the ligands could commendably increase the densities of energetic MOFs, thereby enhancing the detonation performance. It is anticipated this work will open a new direction for the development of energetic MOFs.
Data mining and machine learning in textile industry
Authors: Yildirim Pelin , Birant Derya , Alpyildiz Tuba
Published: October 2017

Data mining has been proven useful for knowledge discovery in many areas, ranging from marketing to medical and from banking to education. This study focuses on data mining and machine learning in textile industry as applying them to textile data is considered an emerging interdisciplinary research field. Thus, data mining studies, including classification and clustering techniques and machine learning algorithms, implemented in textile industry were presented and explained in detail in this study to provide an overview of how clustering and classification techniques can be applied in the textile industry to deal with different problems where traditional methods are not useful. This article clearly shows that a classification technique has higher interest than a clustering technique in the textile industry. It also shows that the most commonly applied classification methods are artificial neural networks and support vector machines, and they generally provide high accuracy rates in the textile applications. For the clustering task of data mining, a K‐means algorithm was generally implemented in textile studies among the others that were investigated in this article. We conclude with some remarks on the strength of the data mining techniques for textile industry, ways to overcome certain challenges, and offer some possible further research directions. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2018, 8:e1228. doi: 10.1002/widm.1228

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Business and Industry

Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications

Application Areas > Science and Technology
“Give me some space”: exploring youth to parent aggression and violence
Authors: Gabriel Lynne , Tizro Zahra , James Hazel , Cronin-Davis Jane , Beetham Tanya , Corbally Alice , Lopez-Moreno Emily , Hill Sarah
Published: October 2017

A small scale qualitative project, undertaken by an interdisciplinary domestic violence research group involving academic researchers and research assistants, with colleagues from Independent Domestic Abuse Services (IDAS), investigated youth aggression and violence against parents. Following the literature review, data was generated through several research conversations with young people (n = 2), through semi-structured interviews with mothers (n = 3) and practitioners (n = 5), and through a practitioner focus group (n = 8). Thematic analysis and triangulation of the data from parents, practitioners and young people, elicited interconnected and complex overarching themes. Young people could be both victim and perpetrator. The witnessing or experiencing of domestic aggression and violence raised the concept of ‘bystander children’. The impact of young people experiencing familial violence was underestimated by parents. For practitioners, the effects of working with domestic violence was shown to be significant - both positively and negatively.
The Unknown Unknowns of Humanitarian War
Authors: Helal Mohamed S.
Published: October 2017

On March 19, 2011, the United States, its European allies, and its Arab partners launched an eight-month intervention in Libya. This was said to be necessary because Mu'amar Gaddafi, Libya's longtime ruler, was responding to mass protests against his over forty-year dictatorial reign by waging war on his own people. As President Barack Obama explained, without international intervention “the calls of the Libyan people for help would go unanswered. The democratic values that we stand for would be overrun. Moreover, the words of the international community would be rendered hollow.”
Analytical Options for Single-Case Experimental Designs: Review and Application to Brain Impairment
Authors: Manolov Rumen , Solanas Antonio
Published: October 2017

Single-case experimental designs meeting evidence standards are useful for identifying empirically-supported practices. Part of the research process entails data analysis, which can be performed both visually and numerically. In the current text, we discuss several statistical techniques focusing on the descriptive quantifications that they provide on aspects such as overlap, difference in level and in slope. In both cases, the numerical results are interpreted in light of the characteristics of the data as identified via visual inspection. Two previously published data sets from patients with traumatic brain injury are re-analysed, illustrating several analytical options and the data patterns for which each of these analytical techniques is especially useful, considering their assumptions and limitations. In order to make the current review maximally informative for applied researchers, we point to free user-friendly web applications of the analytical techniques. Moreover, we offer up-to-date references to the potentially useful analytical techniques not illustrated in the article. Finally, we point to some analytical challenges and offer tentative recommendations about how to deal with them.
It Sounds Like They are Moving: Understanding and Modeling Emphasis-Based Policy Change
Authors: Meyer Thomas M. , Wagner Markus
Published: October 2017

Position change is an essential feature of political competition. Implicitly, policy change on an issue dimension is often equated with opinion change on specific issues within that dimension. However, in addition to opinion-based policy change, we highlight that parties and candidates can change their overall position by increasing their emphasis on certain opinions within that issue dimension (emphasis-based policy change). Using party manifesto data, we find that parties differ in their use of each type of policy change based on aspects of party organization, particularly the relative power of leaders and activists. Leader-dominated parties are more likely to engage in opinion-based policy change, also in reaction to systemic policy shifts. In contrast, activist-dominated parties tend to change their overall position in reaction to systemic shifts by emphasizing certain positions more. Our approach links salience-based to spatial models of party competition and has broader implications for how we study party competition.
HIGH SOIL CALCIUM SATURATION LIMITS USE OF LEAF POTASSIUM DIAGNOSIS WHEN KCL IS APPLIED IN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS
Authors: DUBOS BERNARD , BARON VICTOR , BONNEAU XAVIER , FLORI ALBERT , OLLIVIER JEAN
Published: October 2017

Potassium chloride (KCl) is the most widely used fertilizer in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations and the rates applied are based on interpretation of leaf K contents. When no positive response on leaf K contents can be detected, no optimum content can be established whatever the yield response to KCl rates. We used data from 13 fertilization trials conducted on several continents to study the responses of leaf K, leaf Cl, leaf Ca and yield to KCl rates as a function of the soil properties of each site. We found that the abundance of exchangeable Ca in the soil expressed as a percent of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) was the best soil variable to predict if leaf K content would increase with KCl rates. In addition, we found that the leaf K contents of unfertilized controls at the end of the trials were also correlated with Ca/CEC. This ratio thus appears to be a better index of soil K reserves than soil exchangeable K content.
Acute LSD effects on response inhibition neural networks
Authors: Schmidt A. , Müller F. , Lenz C. , Dolder P. C. , Schmid Y. , Zanchi D. , Lang U. E. , Liechti M. E. , Borgwardt S.
Published: October 2017

Background

Recent evidence shows that the serotonin 2A receptor (5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor, 5-HT2AR) is critically involved in the formation of visual hallucinations and cognitive impairments in lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-induced states and neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the interaction between 5-HT2AR activation, cognitive impairments and visual hallucinations is still poorly understood. This study explored the effect of 5-HT2AR activation on response inhibition neural networks in healthy subjects by using LSD and further tested whether brain activation during response inhibition under LSD exposure was related to LSD-induced visual hallucinations.

Methods

In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, LSD (100 µg) and placebo were administered to 18 healthy subjects. Response inhibition was assessed using a functional magnetic resonance imaging Go/No-Go task. LSD-induced visual hallucinations were measured using the 5 Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness (5D-ASC) questionnaire.

Results

Relative to placebo, LSD administration impaired inhibitory performance and reduced brain activation in the right middle temporal gyrus, superior/middle/inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex and in the left superior frontal and postcentral gyrus and cerebellum. Parahippocampal activation during response inhibition was differently related to inhibitory performance after placebo and LSD administration. Finally, activation in the left superior frontal gyrus under LSD exposure was negatively related to LSD-induced cognitive impairments and visual imagery.

Conclusion

Our findings show that 5-HT2AR activation by LSD leads to a hippocampal–prefrontal cortex-mediated breakdown of inhibitory processing, which might subsequently promote the formation of LSD-induced visual imageries. These findings help to better understand the neuropsychopharmacological mechanisms of visual hallucinations in LSD-induced states and neuropsychiatric disorders.
The advantage of story-telling: children's interpretation of reported speech in narratives
Authors: KÖDER FRANZISKA , MAIER EMAR
Published: October 2017

Children struggle with the interpretation of pronouns in direct speech (Ann said, “I get a cookie”), but not in indirect speech (Ann said that she gets a cookie) (Köder & Maier, 2016). Yet children's books consistently favor direct over indirect speech (Baker & Freebody, 1989). To reconcile these seemingly contradictory findings, we hypothesize that the poor performance found by Köder and Maier (2016) is due to the information-transmission setting of that experiment, and that a narrative setting facilitates children's processing of direct speech. We tested 42 Dutch children (4;1–7;2) and 20 adults with a modified version of Köder and Maier's referent selection task, where participants interpret speech reports in an interactive story book. Results confirm our hypothesis: children are much better at interpreting pronouns in direct speech in such a narrative setting than they were in an information-transmission setting. This indicates that the pragmatic context of reports affects their processing effort.
Drugs for psychosis and mood: unique actions at D3, D2, and D1 dopamine receptor subtypes
Authors: Stahl Stephen M.
Published: October 2017

Drugs for psychosis and mood that bind dopamine D2 receptors can be classified not only by whether they also block serotonin 2A receptors, but by whether they also bind D3 or D1 receptors.
IMMIGRATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT: A MACROECONOMIC APPROACH
Authors: Kiguchi Takehiro , Mountford Andrew
Published: October 2017

This paper analyzes the effects of an unanticipated increase in immigration in a macroeconomic model with search and matching frictions. It shows how an immigration shock can lead to a temporary increase in unemployment under a variety of conditions and that this is qualitatively consistent with the responses from a VAR estimated on postwar US data.