bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Temporal Dependency Osteogenic Regulation of Dual‐Scale Hierarchical Microstructures on Medical Metal Surface
Authors: Lu Hao , Li Zhijun , Zhu Lida , Xu Peihua , Wang Hai , Li Yonghao , Zhao Weidong
Published: August 2024

The structural characteristics at the interface of bone implants can guide biological regulation. In this study, a dual‐scale hierarchical microstructure is proposed and customized using hybrid machining to achieve temporal dependency osteogenic regulation. It is observed that osteoblasts induced by dual‐scale hierarchical structure exhibit adequate protrusion development and rapid cell attachment through the modulation of mechanical forces in the cell growth environment, and further promot the upregulation of the cell membrane receptor PDGFR‐α, which is related to cell proliferation. Afterward, transcriptomic analysis reveals that during the differentiation stage, the DSH structure regulates cellular signaling cascades primarily through integrin adhesion mechanisms and then accelerates osteogenic differentiation by activating the TGF‐β pathway and cAMP signaling pathway. Furthermore, the calcium nodules are preferentially deposited within the lower honeycomb‐like channels, thereby endowing the proposed dual‐scale hierarchical structure with the potential to induce oriented deposition and improve the long‐term stability of the implant.
Dynamic Electric Discharge Paths in Liquid Metal Marble Arrays
Authors: Yu Ruohan , Chi Yuan , Zheng Jiewei , Fuchs Richard , Lv Peifeng , Nor‐Azman Nur‐Adania , Johnston Lucy , Mao Yuanzhu , Gao Shanshi , Tang Junma , Rahim Md. Arifur , Peng Shuhua , Kaner Richard , Mao Guangzhao , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Tang Jianbo
Published: August 2024

Electric discharge occurs ubiquitously in both natural and engineered systems, where the discharge paths provide critical information. However, control and visualization of discharge patterns is a challenging task. Here arrays of liquid metal marbles, droplets of a gallium‐indium eutectic alloy with a copper‐doped ZnS luminescent coating, are designed for pixelated visualization of electric discharge paths at optical imaging length‐scales. The ZnS particles embed themselves into the surface of liquid metal droplets and are anchored by a self‐limiting gallium oxide layer. The operation is achieved by generating spark discharges at inter‐marble air gaps and reduced voltage drop across highly conducting liquid metal droplets. By taking advantage of the malleability of soft liquid metal marbles, the dynamic visualization platforms allow the manipulation of discharge path selections in configurable marble arrays and the embedding of artificial defect features. The systems are further integrated for characterizing dynamic changes in granular and soft systems, and for enabling logic computing and information encoded display. This demonstration holds promises for creating new‐generation electric discharge‐based optoelectronics.
Interaction of Oligonucleotides with Gold Nanoparticles: Factors Beyond Electrostatic and Van‐Der Waals Forces
Authors: Thakur Shaila , Cavallini Nicola , Ferrari Debora , Fabris Laura
Published: August 2024

Motivated by the development of direct SERS for the detection of oligonucleotides as disease biomarkers, fundamental study is conducted for the adsorption of short model oligonucleotides onto gold nanoparticles (GNPs). It is observed that the variation in solution conditions has a profound effect on the way in which oligonucleotides bind to GNPs. The binding phenomenon is hypothesized to be a contribution of several factors: base composition, strand directionality, competition of oligonucleotides to bind to GNPs or undergo inter‐strand assembly, among others. In addition to these factors, the properties of the individual bases in the given solution conditions (such as protonation or deprotonation) also affect the way in which the oligonucleotide strand binds to GNPs. In future, using this understanding could aid in developing direct SERS‐based sensing methods for disease detection through identification of mutations in genetic biomarkers of disease. Based on the present hypothesis, knowledge gaps to fill and future research directions are suggested, to better understand these adsorption processes and optimize direct SERS biosensing.
Positive emotions for promoting quality improvement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy for COVID‐19: In situ interprofessional simulation
Authors: Nomura Osamu , Aoyagi Arisa , Irie Jin , Goto Takeshi , Sugiyama Kana , Hanada Hiroyuki , Ishizawa Yoshiya
Published: August 2024

Aim

The requirement during the COVID‐19 pandemic to provide extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment regardless of experience caused high levels of anxiety among healthcare professionals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an in situ interprofessional simulation training conducted to improve readiness and preparedness for ECMO management of patients with COVID‐19 at a non‐high‐volume ECMO centre.

Methods

Three emergency physicians, three clinical engineers and two nurses attended the 3‐h simulation held at Hirosaki University Hospital in December 2021, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The training comprised a 30‐min briefing, a 1‐h ECMO circuit change session, a 1‐h in‐hospital transfer simulation for CT and a 30‐min debriefing. Before and after the training, participants completed an online survey of their emotions, based on the Japanese version of the Medical Emotion Scale (J‐MES). Related‐samples Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess potential changes in emotional responses before and after the simulation, and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate significance.

Results

Participants' positive deactivating emotions increased from a median of 3.3 (range, 2.0–4.5) before the simulation to 4.0 (range, 2.5–5.0) after the simulation (p = 0.02), which indicates favourable performance according to the control value theory of educational psychology. There was no statistically significant change in other emotional categories.

Conclusion

Participants' positive deactivating emotions increased significantly following an in situ ECMO simulation training, which indicates the efficacy of the training for improving the quality of ECMO management in patients with COVID‐19.
Constructing Hierarchical Zeolites with Highly Complete Framework via Controlled Desilication
Authors: Zhu Xiaochun , Gao Yu , Chen Haorong , Jiang Mengwei , Wang Xinyu , Miao Caixia , Shen Yanfeng , Ji Yonggang , Qin Zhengxing , Wu Zhijie , Song Weiyu , Xu Chunming , Shen Baojian
Published: August 2024

Desilication in alkaline medium has been widely used in construction of hierarchical zeolites for industrially relevant catalytic processes. The built of hierarchy in zeolites, especially with low aluminum stability or high Si/Al ratio, often suffers from uncontrolled destruction of zeolitic framework, accompanied by a significant loss of microporous domains and intrinsic acidity after desilication. Here, we report a novel and simple methodology for preparation of hierarchical zeolites with highly complete framework and minimum sacrifice of microporosity and acidity. The pre‐impregnated amines in zeolite micropores act as inner pore‐directing agents (iPDAs), largely protecting the zeolitic framework and moderating the silicon extraction during the alkaline treatment. The resulting hierarchical zeolites exhibit high crystallinity, tunable hierarchy, stable framework, and well‐preserved acidity, endowing them with significantly improved mass transport properties and enhanced activities in catalytic conversion of methanol or furfural.
Cleavage of Homonuclear Chalcogen‐Chalcogen Bonds in a Hybrid Platform in Response to X‐Ray Radiation Potentiates Tumor Radiochemotherapy
Authors: You Yuanyuan , Chang Yanzhou , Pan Shuya , Bu Qingyue , Ling Jiabao , He Weiling , Chen Tianfeng
Published: August 2024

Chalcogens are used as sensitive redox‐responsive reagents in tumor therapy. However, chalcogen bonds triggered by external ionizing radiation, rather than by internal environmental stimuli, enable site‐directed and real‐time drug degradation in target lesions. This approach helps to bypass chemoresistance and global systemic toxicity, presenting a significant advancement over traditional chemoradiotherapy. In this study, we fabricated a hybrid monodisperse organosilica nanoprodrug based on homonuclear single bonds (disulfide bonds (S−S, approximately 240 kJ/mol), diselenium bonds (Se−Se, approximately 172 kJ/mol), and tellurium bonds (Te−Te, 126 kJ/mol)), including ditelluride‐bond‐bridged MONs (DTeMSNs), diselenide‐bond‐bridged MONs (DSeMSNs) and disulfide‐bond‐bridged MONs (DSMSNs). The results demonstrated that differences in electronegativities and atomic radii influenced their oxidation sensitivities and reactivities. Tellurium, with the lowest electronegativity, showed the highest sensitivity, followed by selenium and sulfur. DTeMSNs exhibited highly responsive cleavage upon exposure to X‐rays, resulting in oxidation to TeO32−. Furthermore, chalcogen‐hybridized organosilica was loaded with manganese ions (Mn2+) to enhance the release of Mn2+ during radiotherapy, thereby activating the the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and enhancing the tumor immune response to inhibit tumor growth. This investigation of hybrid organosilica deepens our understanding of chalcogens response characteristics to radiotherapy and enriches the design principles for nanomedicine based on prodrugs.
Estimation of density and viscosity of deep eutectic solvents: Experimental and machine learning approach
Authors: Patel Dhruv , Suthar Krunal J. , Balsora Hemant Kumar , Patel Dhara , Panda Swapna Rekha , Bhavsar Nirav
Published: August 2024

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives suitable for a range of industrial applications. A precise comprehension of their properties is important for progress in science and engineering. In this study, we synthesized four novel ternary DESs using mandelic acid and measured their densities and viscosities at temperatures ranging from 298 to 353 K. Subsequently, an artificial neural network model was developed to predict DES density and viscosity based on temperature, critical properties, acentric factor, and molar ratio. The neural network parameters were optimized using experimental data from synthesized DESs and literature sources, both collectively over 500 data points for density and viscosity. Additionally, we investigated the influence of input parameters on model accuracy and assessed their significance. The results show that the average percentage relative error was 0.501 for density and 4.81 for viscosity. This research helps advance science and engineering applications of DESs.
Sustainable thermoplastic elastomers based on thermoplastic polyurethane and ground tire rubber
Authors: Kohári Andrea , Bárány Tamás
Published: August 2024

In this research, blends are prepared of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ground tire rubber (GTR) and its devulcanized version (dGTR). The primary objective is to produce thermoplastic elastomers wherein TPU is partially substituted by GTR or dGTR obtained from used tires, thereby forming a blend with a favorable cost/value ratio and a smaller environmental footprint. Throughout the experiment, the rubber content of the blends is varied between 0 and 50 wt% and the effect on mechanical properties is investigated. The blends are compounded with a twin‐screw extruder, after which sheet samples are produced by injection molding. With a view to a possible future industrial application, it is important that both the compounding and the injection molding of the specimens are easy to perform, even with a 50 wt% filler content. Increasing the amount of rubber phase reduce the tensile strength and elongation at break of the blends. Unfortunately, devulcanization did not significantly improve the properties of the blends. Overall, even at a (d)GTR content of 50 wt%, an elongation at break of 300% is achieved, which allows the use of the blends as thermoplastic elastomers. In addition, dynamic tests show that the rubber phase increases the damping capacity of the samples.
Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics reveals metabolism of molnupiravir may lead to metabolic disorders and hepatotoxicity
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Chen Liqiong , Li Bin , Zhao Qi , Cheng Yan , Yan Dongmei , Liu Hongning , Li Fei
Published: August 2024

Molnupiravir (MO) is a pyrimidine nucleoside anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 drug. MO treatment could cause mild liver injury. However, the underlying mechanism of MO‐induced liver injury and the metabolic pathway of MO in vivo are unclear. In this study, metabolomics analysis and molecular biology methods were used to explore these issues. Through metabolomics analysis, it was found that the homeostasis of pyrimidine, purine, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and amino acids in mice was destroyed after MO treatment. A total of 80 changed metabolites were detected. Among these changed metabolites, 4‐ethylphenyl sulfate, dihydrouracil, and LPC 20:0 was related to the elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin‐6 (IL6), and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB). The levels of 4‐ethylphenyl sulfate, dihydrouracil, and LPC 20:0 in plasma were positively correlated with their levels in the liver, suggesting that these metabolites were associated with MO‐induced liver injury. MO treatment could increase NHC and cytidine levels, activate cytidine deaminase (CDA), and increase LPC levels. CDA and LPC could increase the mRNA expression level of toll‐like receptor (TLR). The current study indicated that the elevation of hepatic TLR may be an important reason for MO leading to the liver injury.
XPO1 serves as a prognostic marker involving AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1 pathway in OSCC
Authors: Han Ying , Peng Ying , Xiong Haofeng , Zeng Liujun , Zhang Tianyi , Xia Kun , Hu Xin , Su Tong
Published: August 2024

Background

Exportin 1 (XPO1) is a nuclear export protein that facilitates the transportation of various substances. XPO1 promotes tumor development as a poor prognostic factor in a variety of tumors and is a therapeutic target for screening inhibitors. However, the role of XPO1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has yet to be determined.

Methods

The expression patterns of XPO1 mRNA in OSCC were investigated using bioinformatics tools, and the expression levels of XPO1 protein in OSCC specimens were confirmed by immunohistochemical assays. Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of XPO1 on prognosis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were utilized to uncover the signaling pathways mediated by XPO1. Additionally, we examined the association between XPO1 and AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1 and immune infiltration.

Results

XPO1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly enhanced in OSCC and associated with OSCC severity. Enhanced XPO1 expression was indicative of poor survival. Functional analysis showed that XPO1 mediated pathways associated with cell cycle and DNA replication and reduced immune infiltration in OSCC. Additionally, XPO1 mRNA and protein expression levels had significant positive relationships with AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1.

Conclusions

XPO1, as a marker of poor prognosis in OSCC, can promote OSCC through AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1.
Impact of M‐protein detection on the response evaluations of patients undergoing treatment with the IgG‐κ monoclonal antibodies daratumumab or isatuximab, and discrepancies between immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) systems and reagents
Authors: Shirouchi Yuko , Kaihara Kazumi , Sekita Tsunaki , Amano Naoko , Nakayama Konosuke , Miyake Kazunori , Abe Hitoshi , Oinuma Hirotoshi , Maruyama Dai
Published: August 2024

Background

Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) is the standard method for confirming the presence of a monoclonal protein (M‐protein) at multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosis. IFE is also essential at assessment of complete response (CR) and stringent CR during treatment. As the CR assessment is influenced by daratumumab and isatuximab, HYDRASHIFT assays were developed.

Methods

Samples from patients under treatment that included daratumumab or isatuximab were tested and monitored by IFE on the HYDRASYS system using HYDRASHIFT assays (HYDRASYS/HYDRASHIFT) and by IFE on the Epalyzer2 system (Epalyzer).

Results

The IFE using HYDRASYS/HYDRASHIFT avoided a false positive caused by drug‐related IgG‐κ and contributed to accurate assessment of CR. Furthermore, HYDRASYS/HYDRASHIFT detected small M‐proteins at early relapse and detected free light chains (FLCs) in patients with renal impairment exhibiting high serum FLCs despite being often missed on Epalyzer.

Conclusion

Sensitivity and specificity of M‐protein detection vary greatly depending on the IFE system and reagents used.
New Chalcone Incorporated Structurally Modified Pyridine‐Pyrimidine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: Their Design, Synthesis, and in‐vitro Evaluation
Authors: Ketha Swarupa , Sudhakar Chithaluri , Kethireddy Shashikala , Eppakayala Laxminarayana
Published: August 2024

Chalcone‐incorporated pyridine‐pyrimidines i.e. derivatives of (5‐(6‐(pyrimidin‐5‐yl)pyridin‐3‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by analytical techniques. In addition, all the derivatives were examined for their capacity to fight against cancer towards four cell lines, including breast (MCF‐7), prostate (DU‐145 and PC3), and lung (A549) by utilizing the MTT technique and the clinically used chemotherapy medication, etoposide serving as a positive reference. All these results were expressed in IC50 μM, and values of synthesized compounds are compared with a reference drug, showing values ranging from 1.97±0.45 μM to 3.08±0.135 μM. Among those, a few compounds 10(a–e) demonstrated strong activities with corresponding cell lines.
Biological Properties, Health Benefits and Semisynthetic Derivatives of Edible Astraeus Mushrooms (Diplocystidiaceae): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ung Alison T. , Chen Hui
Published: August 2024

Edible Astraeus mushrooms are known for their nutritional and culinary benefits and potential therapeutic properties. However, more investigation and discussion are still needed to understand their mechanisms of action regarding observed biological activities and thorough chemical analysis of bioactive compounds. This review provides a comprehensive summary and discussion of the bioactive properties and mode of action of Astraeus extracts and their isolated compounds. It covers their reported antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti‐tuberculosis, antimalarial, antiviral and antileishmanial activities, as well as their potential benefits on metabolic and cardiovascular health and immune function. The review highlights the significance of the biological potential of isolated compounds, such as sugar alcohols, polysaccharides, steroids, and lanostane triterpenoids. Moreover, the review identifies under‐researched areas, such as the chemical analysis of Astraeus species, which holds immense research potential. Ultimately, the review aims to inspire further research on the nutraceuticals or therapeutics of these mushrooms.
Surface sulfidation constructing gradient heterojunctions for high‐efficiency (approaching 18%) HTL‐free carbon‐based inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Huo Xiaonan , Lv Jinqing , Wang Kexiang , Sun Weiwei , Liu Weifeng , Yin Ran , Sun Yansheng , Gao Yukun , You Tingting , Yin Penggang
Published: August 2024

Due to the advantages of cost‐effectiveness and tunable band gap, hole transport layer (HTL)‐free CsPbIXBr3−X carbon‐based inorganic perovskite solar cells (C‐IPSCs) are emerging candidates for both single junction and tandem solar cells. Because of the direct contact between the carbon electrode and the perovskite surface, energy barriers and defects at the interface limit the enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this work, we first reported a preparation method of CsPbI2.75Br0.25 HTL‐free C‐IPSCs and developed an effective surface sulfidation regulation (SSR) strategy to promote hole extraction and inhibit non‐radiative recombination of inorganic perovskite by 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) surface modification. The introduced S2− anions form strong binding with uncoordinated Pb ions, inhibit the perovskite degradation reaction, and effectively passivate the surface defects. In addition, PbS formed by the SSR strategy constructed a gradient heterojunction, which promoted the arrangement energy levels and enhanced hole extraction. An additional back‐surface field is induced at the interface of perovskite by energy band bending, which increases the open‐circuit voltage (VOC). As a result, the SSR‐based CsPbI2.75Br0.25 HTL‐free C‐IPSCs showed a PCE of 17.88% with a fill factor of 81.56% and VOC of 1.19 V, which was among the highest reported values of CsPbI2.75Br0.25 HTL‐free C‐IPSCs.
Advanced characterization techniques for phosphate cathodes in aqueous rechargeable zinc‐based batteries
Authors: Zhou Li‐Feng , Li Jia‐Yang , Peng Jian , Liu Li‐Ying , Zhang Hang , Wang Yi‐Song , Fan Yameng , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Du Tao
Published: August 2024

Aqueous zinc‐based batteries are emerging as highly promising alternatives to commercially successful lithium‐ion batteries, particularly for large‐scale energy storage in power stations. Phosphate cathodes have garnered significant research interest owing to their adjustable operation potential, electrochemical stability, high theoretical capacity, and environmental robustness. However, their application is impeded by various challenges, and research progress is hindered by unclear mechanisms. In this review, the various categories of phosphate materials as zinc‐based battery cathodes are first summarized according to their structure and their corresponding electrochemical performance. Then, the current advances to reveal the Zn2+ storage mechanisms in phosphate cathodes by using advanced characterization techniques are discussed. Finally, some critical perspectives on the characterization techniques used in zinc‐based batteries and the application potential of phosphates are provided. This review aims to guide researchers toward advanced characterization technologies that can address key challenges, thereby accelerating the practical application of phosphate cathodes in zinc‐based batteries for large‐scale energy storage.
Binder‐induced inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase and physicochemical dual cross‐linked network for high‐performance SiOx anode
Authors: Wu Gang , Gao Yuanhang , Weng Zheng , Zheng Zhicheng , Fan Wenqiang , Pan Anqiang , Zhang Ning , Liu Xiaohe , Ma Renzhi , Chen Gen
Published: August 2024

Silicon oxide (SiOx) is heralded as the forefront anode material for high‐energy density lithium‐ion batteries, owing to its exceptional specific capacity. Nevertheless, the traditional combination of polyacrylic acid binder and acetylene black conductive carbon continues to struggle with the immense stress induced by the repetitive volume expansion and contraction processes. Here we report a high ionic conductivity, sulfonyl fluoro‐containing binder for SiOx anode via free radical copolymerization reaction between perfluoro (4‐methyl‐3,6‐dioxaoct‐7‐ene) sulfonyl fluoride and acrylic acid. The electrode fabrication process incorporated amino‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT‐NH2) as the conductive agent. A three‐dimensional conductive network structure is constructed through physical and chemical double cross‐linking interactions between the ‐COOH and ‐SO2F functional groups of PAF0.1 binder, the ‐NH2 groups of CNT‐NH2, and the ‐OH groups on the surface of SiOx, including hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds. In addition, the binder induces the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) rich in inorganic components such as Li2O, Li2SO3, Li2CO3, and LiF. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the physically and chemically double cross‐linked three‐dimensional conductive network constructed by the PAF0.1 binder and CNT‐NH2, coupled with the rich‐inorganic SEI, the SiOx anode delivers exceptional rate performance, cycle stability, and lithium‐ion diffusion dynamics.
One‐Pot Conversion of Biomass Saccharides to γ‐Valerolactone over a Versatile Tin‐Containing Material
Authors: Li Xiangbiao , Cong Hang , Zhao Wenfeng , Yang Song , Li Hu
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of biofuel γ‐valerolactone (GVL) from accessible biomass is an attractive and challenging goal. Here, we report an efficient, one‐pot, and mild strategy for the efficient production of GVL from various biomass saccharides without using any homogeneous acid as a co‐catalyst and molecular hydrogen as a hydrogen donor. A versatile porous tin‐containing material (Sn(M)−S) was designed as an individual heterogeneous catalyst. As high as 68.4 % yield of GVL form glucose was achieved in the presence of ammonia borane as a solid hydrogen donor under mild conditions, with GVL yields of 76.2 %, 68.9 %, 62.5 %, and 52.2 % being obtained from fructose, sucrose, cellobiose, and cellulose, respectively. The synergistic effect of Sn and sulfonic acid group in Sn(M)−S not only provides appropriate Lewis acid sites to promote the isomerization of glucose into fructose but also affords abundant Brønsted sites for the following conversion steps. Moreover, Sn(M)−S(1) showed good stability and reusability during consecutive recycles.
Chronological wild geese optimization algorithm for cluster head selection and routing in wireless sensor network
Authors: Mabunga Zoren P. , Dela Cruz Jennifer C.
Published: August 2024

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of numerous sensor nodes with limited battery life, computational power, and network capabilities. These sensors are deployed in specific areas to monitor environmental physical parameters. Once the data are collected, it is processed and transmitted to a base station (BS) via designated routes. The processes of sensing and transmitting consume significant energy, leading to rapid depletion of node batteries and the occurrence of hot spot problems. Consequently, relying on a single route for data transmission can result in network overhead issues. Enhancing the energy efficiency of WSNs is a persistent challenge. To address this, improvements in processes, such as routing and clustering are necessary. Implementing dynamic cluster head (CH) selection is a key approach for optimal path selection and energy conservation. Accordingly, in this work, a novel multiobjective CH selection and routing method for providing energy‐aware data transmission in WSN is presented. Here, CH selection is carried out using the proposed chronological wild geese optimization (CWGO) technique based on multiple constraints, such as delay, intercluster distance, intracluster distance, Link Life Time (LLT), and predicted energy. Further, the nodes' energy is determined by the deep recurrent neural network (DRNN). Then, the ideal path from the node to the BS is identified by the CWGO considering constraints, like predicted energy, delay, distance, and trust. Moreover, the proposed CWGO is examined considering metrics, like energy, trust, distance, and delay and is found to have attained superior values of 0.963 J, 0.700, 19.468 m, and 0.252 s, respectively.
Associations between accelerometer‐derived sedentary behavior and physical activity with white matter hyperintensities in middle‐aged to older adults
Authors: Raichlen David A. , Ally Madeline , Aslan Daniel H. , Sayre M. Katherine , Bharadwaj Pradyumna K. , Maltagliati Silvio , Lai Mark H. C. , Wilcox Rand R. , Habeck Christian G. , Klimentidis Yann C. , Alexander Gene E.
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

We examined the relationship between sedentary behavior (SB), moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, a common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker associated with risk of neurodegenerative disease in middle‐aged to older adults.

METHODS

We used data from the UK Biobank (n = 14,415; 45 to 81 years) that included accelerometer‐derived measures of SB and MVPA, and WMH volumes from MRI.

RESULTS

Both MVPA and SB were associated with WMH volumes (βMVPA = −0.03 [−0.04, −0.01], p < 0.001; βSB = 0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.007). There was a significant interaction between SB and MVPA on WMH volumes (βSB×MVPA = −0.015 [−0.028, −0.001], pSB×MVPA = 0.03) where SB was positively associated with WMHs at low MVPA, and MVPA was negatively associated with WMHs at high SB.

DISCUSSION

While this study cannot establish causality, the results highlight the potential importance of considering both MVPA and SB in strategies aimed at reducing the accumulation of WMH volumes in middle‐aged to older adults.

Highlights

SB is associated with greater WMH volumes and MVPA is associated with lower WMH volumes.

Relationships between SB and WMH are strongest at low levels of MVPA.

Associations between MVPA and WMH are strongest at high levels of SB.

Considering both SB and MVPA may be effective strategies for reducing WMHs
Modification engineering of “polymer‐in‐salt” electrolytes toward high‐stability solid‐state lithium batteries
Authors: Chang Xiaotong , Liu Kaiyue , Jia Mengyang , Bi Zhijie , Guo Xiangxin
Published: August 2024

Solid‐state lithium batteries have been regarded as a promising candidate to become the power supply for electric vehicles and smart grids due to their high energy density and reliable safety. The solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with light and thin features show distinctive potential in boosting the available energy density at battery level, whereas their ionic conductivity smaller than 10−4∼10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature constrains the ionic transfer kinetics, leading to low power density and short cycling life. To overcome such problem, the increase of lithium‐salt concentration over 50 wt% evokes the conversion from “salt‐in‐polymer” to “polymer‐in‐salt” (PIS) of SPEs, which can make additional ionic migration pathway and thus the improved ionic conductivity. However, the abundant lithium‐salt may also cause the reduced electrochemical window as well as mechanical properties, which restricts the compatibility with high‐voltage cathodes and lowers the operation safety. In this review, the structures and characteristics of PIS electrolytes have been elucidated through clarifying the correlation between lithium‐salt and polymer matrix. Then, the recent modification engineering progresses on PIS electrolytes are addressed from the aspects of component regulations including polymer matrices, lithium salts and fillers, novel preparation techniques, and extended application scenarios. The crucial challenges and possible research directions are finally proposed for the PIS electrolytes regarding both science and practical perspectives.
Baseline for the Northeast Atlantic (58–70°N) intertidal Mytilus species complex (Mytilus spp.)
Authors: Strohmeier Tore , Strand Øivind , Haugland Barbro Taraldset , Agüera Antonio
Published: August 2024

Mussels (Mytilus spp.) are abundant in the North Atlantic, sessile, and sensitive to environmental change, and suitable as sentinels of environment and climate change of costal ecosystems. We aimed to determine the baseline for the Northeast Atlantic (58–70°N) Mytilus species complex, and to show the present distribution to surveys conducted 60 years ago. Baseline was obtained by investigating a total of 509 stations in the intertidal zone, in four regions comprising the environmental gradient from head of fjord to coast, and distributed over the latitudinal gradient from 58 to 70°N. The baseline shows a range in continuous abundance of mussels from 12% to 36%, patchy abundance from 26% to 57% and no or very limited mussel abundance from 26% to 46% between the four regions. The presence of mussels in the southeast and west region was visualized to previous surveys conducted 60 years ago. The data points to similar past and present presence of mussels in both regions, yet past major mussel fields in the inner section of region southeast was not detected in this study. The baseline of Mytilus spp. in the Northeast Atlantic (58–70°N) is now available for future reference. The baseline, plotted to surveys conducted 60 years ago, points to awareness of the population situated in the southeast section of the investigated region. Continued monitoring and modeling are needed to clarify drivers of temporal and spatial variation in the mussel populations along the Northeastern Atlantic coast.
Designing Spin‐Crossover Systems to Enhance Thermopower and Thermoelectric Figure‐of‐Merit in Paramagnetic Materials
Authors: Polash Md Mobarak Hossain , Stone Matthew , Chi Songxue , Vashaee Daryoosh
Published: August 2024

Thermoelectric materials, capable of converting temperature gradients into electrical power, have been traditionally limited by a trade‐off between thermopower and electrical conductivity. This study introduces a novel, broadly applicable approach that enhances both the spin‐driven thermopower and the thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit (zT) without compromising electrical conductivity, using temperature‐driven spin crossover. Our approach, supported by both theoretical and experimental evidence, is demonstrated through a case study of chromium doped‐manganese telluride, but is not confined to this material and can be extended to other magnetic materials. By introducing dopants to create a high crystal field and exploiting the entropy changes associated with temperature‐driven spin crossover, we achieved a significant increase in thermopower, by approximately 136 μV K−1, representing more than a 200% enhancement at elevated temperatures within the paramagnetic domain. Our exploration of the bipolar semiconducting nature of these materials reveals that suppressing bipolar magnon/paramagnon‐drag thermopower is key to understanding and utilizing spin crossover‐driven thermopower. These findings, validated by inelastic neutron scattering, X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, thermal transport, and energy conversion measurements, shed light on crucial material design parameters. We provide a comprehensive framework that analyzes the interplay between spin entropy, hopping transport, and magnon/paramagnon lifetimes, paving the way for the development of high‐performance spin‐driven thermoelectric materials.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Antibiotics with different Antibacterial Mechanisms using Electrochemical Signals of Heat‐Treated Escherichia Coli
Authors: Fu Jiaqi , Du Jincheng , Hou Ting , Wang Zhong , Sui Liyuan , Li Jinlian , Zhao Yanli , Cui Ximing , Wu Dongmei
Published: August 2024

Electrochemistry with purines as indicators may be a promising new method for antibiotic activity testing. However, the traditional electrochemical detection method (S‐LSV) requires a long accumulation time for purines and has low signal intensity. High‐temperature treatment of bacterial samples may significantly enhance the signal intensity and speed of detection. However, this process may also impact the structure and metabolism of bacteria. Further research is necessary to determine how electrochemical signals respond to antibiotic antibacterial activity. In this paper, the electrochemical detection method based on heat‐treated Escherichia coli (E. coli, H‐LSV) was used to investigate the effects of 11 antibiotics with four different antibacterial mechanisms on the electrochemical behavior of E. coli. The results showed that compared to the S‐LSV, the electrochemical signal of E. coli detected by the H‐LSV increased by 362%, and showed a strong linear relationship with bacterial counts up to 1.88×108 CFU/mL, with a detection limit of 1.15×106 CFU/mL. The electrochemical signal consistently correlated with changes in viable E. coli counts following treatment with the four different antibacterial mechanisms. HPLC analysis further confirmed that the changes in purine contents in bacteria after antibiotic treatment were consistent with the trends in electrochemical signals. The evaluation of antibiotic antibacterial ability by H‐LSV showed good consistency with results from plate counting and turbidity methods, but was closer to the results of plate counting. The inhibition rates of antibiotics on E. coli detected by H‐LSV and S‐LSV also showed high consistency, indicating that short‐term high‐temperature treatment of E. coli did not affect the response of the bacterium to the inhibitory activity of antibiotics.
Miniaturized nanoelectrospray interface for coupling capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry detection
Authors: Václavek Tomáš , Vereshchagina Elizaveta , Nazareno Leny , Summanwar Anand , Foret František , Řemínek Roman
Published: August 2024

A miniaturized electrospray interface consisting of a microfluidic nanosprayer and nanospray module is reported in the presented short communication. The nanosprayer was fabricated using silicon (Si) technology suitable for cost‐efficient high‐volume mass production. The nanospray module enabled the positioning of the nanosprayer in front of a mass spectrometry entrance and its coupling with capillary electrophoresis based on the liquid junction principle. A case study of top‐down and bottom‐up proteomic analyses of intact cytochrome c and its tryptic digest demonstrates the practical applicability of the developed interface.
Proceedings of the 2022 “Lifestyle Intervention for Epilepsy (LIFE)” symposium hosted by Cleveland Clinic
Authors: Spurgeon Elizabeth , Saper Robert , Alexopoulos Andreas , Allendorfer Jane B. , Bar Judith , Caldwell Jessica , Cervenka Mackenzie , Darling Sandra , Dombrowski Stephen , Gallagher Lisa , Lazar Sara , Modlo Erik , Perko Jim , Sajatovic Martha , Tilahun Bikat , Yardi Nandan , Najm Imad
Published: August 2024

Lifestyle interventions are strategies used to self‐manage medical conditions, such as epilepsy, and often complement traditional pharmacologic and surgical therapies. The need for integrating evidence‐based lifestyle interventions into mainstream medicine for the treatment of epilepsy is evident given that despite the availability of a multitude of treatments with medications and surgical techniques, a significant proportion of patients have refractory seizures, and even those who are seizure‐free report significant adverse effects with current treatments. Although the evidence base for complementary medicine is less robust than it is for traditional forms of medicine, the evidence to date suggests that several forms of complementary medicine including yoga, mindfulness meditation, cognitive behavioral therapy, diet and nutrition, exercise and memory rehabilitation, and music therapy may have important roles as adjuncts in the treatment armamentarium for epilepsy. These topics were discussed by a diverse group of medical providers and scientists at the “Lifestyle Intervention for Epilepsy (LIFE)” symposium hosted by Cleveland Clinic.

Plain Language Summary

There are many people with epilepsy who continue to have seizures even though they are being treated with medication or brain surgery. Even after seizures stop, some may experience medication side effects. There is research to suggest that certain lifestyle changes, such as yoga, mindfulness, exercise, music therapy, and adjustments to diet, could help people with epilepsy, when used along with routine treatment. Experts discussed the latest research at the “Lifestyle Intervention for Epilepsy (LIFE)” symposium hosted by Cleveland Clinic.
Analysis of condylar positioning in the temporomandibular joint following mandibular reconstruction: Introduction of a new classification system and assessment of influencing factors on displacement
Authors: Holkom Mohammed , Sakran Karim A. , Zhao Hui , Mohammed Abdo A. S. , Chen Xu , Mohammed Edres A. , Liu Ke , Shang Zhengjun
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study investigates the unsatisfactory outcomes observed in mandibular reconstruction procedures attributed to improper condylar positioning in the Temporomandibular Joint. It also proposes a systematic classification for post‐reconstruction condylar positioning dissatisfaction.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 337 patients who underwent tumor removal and mandibular reconstruction with vascularized osteocutaneous flaps. Reconstruction techniques included conventional surgery (43.3%) and 3D technology‐guided procedures (56.7%). Evaluation utilized preoperative and postoperative CT scans to assess mandibular vertical ramus length (V) and condylar alignment in both sagittal (S) and coronal (C) planes. Accordingly, a classification system for condylar positioning was developed and abbreviated as VSC. It includes four classes: Class I, proper condylar reconstruction; Class II, short ramus length; Class III, one or two aspects of sagittal/coronal condylar positions dissatisfaction; and Class IV, two or three aspects dissatisfaction.

Results

The overall success rate for condylar reconstruction was 85.16%. Though not statistically significant, the success rate was marginally higher in the 3D‐assisted group (85.86%) compared to the conventional group (84.25%). In terms of the VSC classification, the distribution of cases across Class I, II, III, and IV were 287, 4, 9, and 37 cases, respectively. Notably, condylar dislocation was significantly associated with the defect site, particularly the body and condyle (p < 0.001, OR = 49.734, 95% CI 12.995–190.342), and the number of reconstructed segments (p = 0.025, OR = 3.480, 95% CI 1.173–10.328).

Conclusion

The findings highlight the importance of accurate reconstruction methods and reveal implications of the defect site and the number of reconstructed segments in condylar dislocation. Consequently, we propose a classification system to refine condylar positioning assessment and enhance surgical outcomes in mandibular reconstruction.
Liquid–liquid interface‐assisted growth of two‐dimensional organic semiconductor single crystals: Mechanisms, properties, and applications
Authors: Wang Jinwen , Yan Tingyi , Li Lingyun , Ren Zheng , Zhang Xiujuan , Jie Jiansheng
Published: August 2024

Two‐dimensional organic semiconductor single crystals (2D OSSCs) represent the promising candidates for the construction of high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their ultrathin thicknesses, free of grain boundaries, and long‐range ordered molecular structures. In recent years, substantial efforts have been devoted to the fabrication of the large‐sized and layer‐controlled 2D OSSCs at the liquid‐liquid interface. This unique interface could act as the molecular flat and defect‐free substrate for regulating the nucleation and growth processes and enabling the formation of large‐sized ultrathin 2D OSSCs. Therefore, this review focuses on the liquid–liquid interface‐assisted growth methods for the controllable preparation of 2D OSSCs, with a particular emphasis on the advantages and limitations of the corresponding methods. Furthermore, the typical methods employed to control the crystal sizes, morphologies, structures, and orientations of 2D OSSCs at the liquid–liquid interface are discussed in detail. Then, the recent progresses on the 2D OSSCs‐based optoelectronic devices, such as organic field‐effect transistors, ambipolar transistors, and phototransistors are highlighted. Finally, the key challenges and further outlook are proposed in order to promote the future development of the 2D OSSCs in the field of the next‐generation organic optoelectronic devices.
Optimizing treatment sequence for inoperable locally advanced breast cancer: Long‐term outcomes of surgery first versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a real‐world setting
Authors: Liu Bowen , Song Yu , Xu Ying , Sun Qiang , Zhou Yidong , Lin Yan
Published: August 2024

Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is challenging with limited treatment options. This study investigates the feasibility and long‐term outcomes of upfront surgery compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in a real‐world cohort. This retrospective study analyzed 243 inoperable LABC patients (excluding T3N1M0) that underwent upfront surgery (n = 187) or NAC (n = 56) in matched groups. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) are primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included NAC response rate and subgroup analyses based on age, tumor stage, and treatment response. Survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods with log‐rank tests for comparisons. Cox proportional hazards models were used for subgroup analyses. With a median follow‐up of 60.9 months, no significant difference emerged in 5‐year OS (upfront surgery: 89.6%, NAC: 81.9%, p = .12) or 5‐year DFS rates (73.0% vs. 67.1%, p = .24). Subgroup analyses revealed upfront surgery offered significantly better OS for patients under 60 (HR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.10–0.96; p = .0429) and stage IIIA disease (HR = 0.22; CI: 0.06–0.86; p = .03). Upfront surgery showed a trend towards improved OS for tumors under 5 cm (HR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.13–1.03; p = .056). Patients with progressive disease (PD) or stable disease (SD) after NAC had significantly worse DFS (HR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09–0.79; p = .017) and OS (HR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02–0.48; p = .004) compared to responders. Upfront surgery may be viable for LABC patients, particularly younger patients, those with stage IIIA disease, or smaller tumors. NAC response can inform treatment decisions. These findings highlight the need for personalized LABC treatment considering patient characteristics and NAC response.
Does ambient particulate matter 1 increase the risk of gastric cancer in the northwest of China?
Authors: Liu Jie , Gan Ting , Hu Wenbiao , Li Yumin
Published: August 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant health concern in Gansu province, China, with morbidity and mortality rates surpassing national averages. Despite the recognized health risks associated with ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <1 μm (PM1), the relationship between PM1 exposure and GC incidence has not been extensively studied. Data on GC cases from 2013 to 2021 were gathered from 262 hospitals in Gansu, China. Concurrently, data on the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), gross domestic product (GDP), drinking and smoking behavioral index (DSBI), PM1, PM2.5, and PM2.5–1 were collected. Utilizing a Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) combined generalized linear model (GLM) with quasi‐Poisson regression, we evaluated the impact of PM1, PM2.5, PM2.5–1, NDVI, DSBI, and GDP on GC morbidity while adjusting for potential confounders. Our analysis indicated that exposure to PM1 (μg/m3) is significantly positively correlated with GC incidence in regions with an overall age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) >40 (relative risks [RR]: 1.023, 95% confidence intervals [CI, 1.007, 1.039]), male ASIR >50 (RR: 1.014, 95% CI [1.009, 1.019]), and female ASIR >20 (RR: 1.010, 95% CI [1.002, 1.018]). PM2.5, PM2.5–1, DSBI, and GDP were positively correlated with GC incidence, while NDVI was negatively correlated in the study regions. Our findings provided evidence of a positive correlation between PM1 exposure and GC incidence in high‐risk areas of GC within arid regions. Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex nonlinear relationships between environmental factors and GC. These insights could inform strategies for improving the control and prevention of GC in Gansu and similar regions.
A comparative study of the tracheary elements of some ornamental and fruit trees from Nigeria
Authors: Gill L. S. , Onuya J. E.
Published: August 2024

A comparative account of the tracheary elements of seven introduced fruit and ornamental hardwoods from Nigeria is provided. The wood samples are of Anacardium occidentale, Bixa orellana, Cordia millenii, Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Magnifera indica and Psidium guajava.
Beitrag zur Nomenklatur einiger Groβpilze II
Authors: Kreisel Hanns
Published: August 2024

Die NeukombinationenBondarzewia mesenterica(Schaeff.) Kreisel,Entoloma parasiticum(Quél.) Kreisel,Lyophyllum deliberatum(Britz.) Kreisel,Melanophyllum haematospermum(Bull.: Fr.) KreiselundTricholoma fracticum(Britz.) Kreisel(sämtlich Basidiomycetes) werden eingeführt.