bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Sub-100-fs Thin-Disk Laser Oscillators
Authors: Modsching Norbert , Drs Jakub , Fischer Julian , Labaye François , Müller Michael , Wittwer Valentin J. , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: March 2023

Ultrafast thin-disk lasers continue achieving higher average powers at shorter pulse durations, reaching 100-MW peak power directly from the laser oscillator output. We discuss recent progress and its application to intra-oscillator high harmonic generation.
High-power femtosecond Ho:CALGO laser at 2.1 µm
Authors: Yao Weichao , Wang Yicheng , Tomilov Sergei , Hoffmann Martin , Ahmed Shahwar , Liebald Christoph , Rytz Daniel , Peltz Mark , Wesemann Volker , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: March 2023

We report on high-power mode-locked femtosecond Ho:CALGO laser at 2.1 µm. The laser generates a record-high average output power of 8.7 W (369 fs) with SESAM mode-locking and 1.2 W (152 fs) with Kerr-lens mode-locking.
Tunable 0.5 - 1.3 GHz pulse repetition rate ultrafast solid-state laser generating 220 fs pulses with 190 mW average power
Authors: Wüst Roger , Hug Daniel , Rudin Benjamin , Emaury Florian , Resan Bojan
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate a compact ultrafast Yb:KYW crystal based solid-state laser source with a pulse repetition rate continuously tunable in the range of 0.5 to 1.3GHz, generating 220fs pulses and up to 190mW average output power.
Low-noise Diode-pumped SESAM-Modelocked Cr:ZnS Laser
Authors: Heidrich Jonas , Barh Ajanta , Camenzind Sandro L. , Willenberg Benjamin , Gaulke Marco , Golling Matthias , Phillips Christopher R. , Keller Ursula
Published: March 2023

We present a directly diode-pumped SESAM modelocked Cr:ZnS oscillator delivering 189-fs pulses at 435-MHz repetition rate and 550-mW average power. Lowest integrated RIN of 0.05% for a Cr:ZnS(e) laser and low timing jitter are achieved.
Wetting of Femtosecond Laser Textured Hydrophobized Aluminum Surfaces
Authors: Rodin Aleksej M. , Myronyuk Oleksiy , Baklan Denys , Vanagas Egidijus
Published: March 2023

The wetting properties of aluminum surfaces with micro- and nanopatterns textured by a femtosecond laser and hydrophobized with alkoxysilanes to liquids with a surface tension below 72.1 mN/m are considered.
Compact and Highly Efficient LD Stack Pumped Yb:YAG Thin-Disk Laser Head
Authors: Hashimoto Kohei , Chyła Michał , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomáš
Published: March 2023

We report on a novel design of direct LD stack pumped thin-disk laser head with very compact pumping chamber. Near top-hat pump beam profile was achieved with 94% optical efficiency.
Thermal Optimization for Diode End-Pumped, Eye-Safe Laser
Authors: Vu Van Tuan , Tran Manh Thang , Nguyen Tuan Anh , To Bao Dong
Published: March 2023

This work presents the design, thermal simulation and performance analysis of a diode- end-pumped, eye-safe laser. The finite element method is applied to compute the temperature distribution of Yb:Er glass laser rods end pumped by laser diodes.
Analysis of nonlinear response using continuum generation in photonic crystal fiber by tunable frequency femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Kuliešaitė Miglė , Pimpė Jokūbas , Vengelis Julius , Jarutis Vygandas
Published: March 2023

Experimental investigation of continuum generation in PCF is presented with tunable frequency femtosecond pump pulses. The dependence of continuum spectra and pulse spectrum widths on pump pulse power at five different pumping wavelengths are analyzed.
Amplification of higher-order Laguerre-Gauss modes using a dual-pass MOPA system
Authors: Harrison Justin , Forbes Andrew , Naidoo Darryl
Published: March 2023

A dual-pass end-pumped MOPA was constructed to perform power scaling of higher-order Laguerre-Gauss modes, generated on a spatial light modulator. We verify the experimental results using a 3D numerical model with good agreement.
Bend Insensitive Low-NA Segmented Trench Fiber Design for High Power Fiber Lasers
Authors: Cooper Matthew A , Flores Angel , Wittek Steffen , Habib Md. Selim , Antonio Lopez Jose E. , Schülzgen Axel , Correa Rodrigo Amezcua
Published: March 2023

A low-NA Yb-doped LMA gain fiber is fabricated to increase bend insensitivity and is presented for the first time. The design study shows that incorporating segmented-trenches decrease the low-loss bend diameter by up to 30%.
Compact NALM-based Yb fiber laser at 1064 nm
Authors: Nishiura Masanori , Kageyama Ryo , Nakamura Ryosuke , Shioda Tatsutoshi
Published: March 2023

We report a compact, cost-effective, 1064 nm all-PM fiber laser based on a NALM-based mode-locked oscillator and one amplification stage delivering 3.0 ps pulses with an energy of 0.75 nJ.
Nanosecond laser processing with tungsten and tungsten alloys in fusion science applications
Authors: Yang Haotian , Uehara Hiyori , Noto Hiroyuki , Yasuhara Ryo
Published: March 2023

We experimentally used the 532 nm nanosecond laser to characterize the ablation rates of the ITER grade W. In addition, the first laser processing results of tungsten-rhenium alloys will also be reported.
Optimisation of the phase introduced by high-reflection coatings at 1030 nm
Authors: Clarke Danielle , Dixon Lydia , McGuigan Ryan , Kessler Helmut , Bridle Chris , De Vido Mariastefania , Esser Daniel
Published: March 2023

Characterising phase delay introduced by high-reflectance, optical coatings is important for reducing losses in high average-power lasers. In collaboration with Manx Precision Optics, phase delay was reduced. This should improve optical-to-optical efficiency and extend system capabilities.
Stimulated-Emission Cross-Sections of Trivalent Erbium Ions in the Cubic Sesquioxides Y2O3, Lu2O3, and Sc2O3
Authors: Uvarova Anastasia , Loiko Pavel , Basyrova Liza , Kalusniak Sascha , Dunina Elena , Fomicheva Liudmila , Kornienko Alexey , Balabanov Stanislav , Braud Alain , Camy Patrice , Kränkel Christian
Published: March 2023

Stimulated-emission cross-sections for the 4I11/2→4I13/2 and 4I13/2→4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ ions in three cubic sesquioxides Y2O3, Lu2O3 and Sc2O3 are revised. The transition probabilities in emission are determined using the Judd-Ofelt theory and lifetime studies.
Development of YAG/Yb:YAG/YAG composite microchip lasers using room-temperature bonding
Authors: Ogura Kohei , Kobayashi Hayato , Uematsu Yuki , Shoji Ichiro
Published: March 2023

We succeeded in fabricating a YAG/Yb:YAG/YAG composite microchip laser using the room-temperature bonding. The maximum output power of 550 mW at the absorbed pump power of 5.3 W was achieved with a single longitudinal mode.
Development of Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer for Tritiated/Heavy Water Samples
Authors: Iwamoto Kazuki , Saito Keisuke , Suzuki Yuta , Uemura Ryu , Abe Osamu , Abe Hisashi , Nishizawa Norihiko , Tomita Hideki
Published: March 2023

2.2 µm cavity ring-down spectrometer was developed for tritium and deuterium isotope analysis of water samples. Spectra were obtained during flow-through measurement with H2O and D2O mixed liquid injection and carry-over was negligible.
Temperature Dependence of Emission Cross Section and Fluorescence Lifetime of Cr:Colquiriites in 78-618 K Range
Authors: Okuyucu Serdar , Demirbas Umit , Tanaka Hiroki , Thesinga Jelto , Ozturk Yusuf , Kärtner Franz X. , Pergament Mikhail
Published: March 2023

We have measured the temperature dependence of fluorescence lifetime and emission cross section in Cr:LiCAF, Cr:LiSGaF and Cr:LiSAF in the 78-618 K range. Our results confirm their potential as high-power ultrafast sources in cryogenic operation.
Pulse Width Induced Crossover of Nonlinear Optical Response in Magnetically Active NiSe2
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Pathak Mansi , Rout Chandra Sekhar , Adarsh K. V.
Published: March 2023

We demonstrated dominant antiferromagnetic NiSe2 and investigated third-order optical nonlinearities by the Z-scan technique. Pulse-width induced crossover results in excited-state and sequential two-photon absorption, and can be used potentially in advanced optics and photonics devices.
Switchable and tunable dual-wavelength single-frequency fiber laser at 2050 nm based on saturable absorber
Authors: Jiang Peiheng , Shi Chaodu , Fu Shijie , Sheng Quan , Shi Wei , Yao Jianquan
Published: March 2023

A dual-wavelength single-frequency Tm-doped fiber laser around 2050 nm was obtained by incorporating polarization hole burning and saturable absorber. Wavelength switchable and tunable were realized by imposing longitudinal stress on output polarization maintain FBG.
FBG Reflected Wavelength and Fiber Gain Matching on a Continuous Wave Monolithic Tm3+, Ho3+-Doped Fiber Laser
Authors: Motard Arnaud , Louot Christophe , Manek-Hönninger Inka , Dalloz Nicolas , Hildenbrand-Dhollande Anne
Published: March 2023

We present the optimization of a 2 µm CW monolithic single-oscillator laser in terms of output power and efficiency by the adaptation of the FBG reflected wavelength to the maximum gain wavelength of the fiber.
Substrates for Multikilowatt Average-Power Compressor Gratings: Demonstration of the Actively Cooled “Flow-Cell” Concept
Authors: Power Erik P. , Bucht Sara , Bromage Jake , Zuegel Jonathan D.
Published: March 2023

Sub-aperture testing of our “flow-cell” integrated-cooling substrate demonstrated handling of absorbed power densities up to 3.88 W/cm2 and 54-nm peak-to-valley deformation with a stabilization time scale <30 s, well-matched by COMSOL models.
Exploring the formation of robust optical vortices in the propagation of orange Raman lasers
Authors: Tung Jung-Chen , Li Pei-Lin , Hou Ming-Han
Published: March 2023

High-order orange beams are produced by off-center pumped frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4/ KGW Raman lasers, and further transformed by astigmatic mode converters. Phase structures of the converted beams during propagation are analyzed to manifest robust optical vortices.
Integration and test of pulsed laser system for surface treatment of vacuum pipes at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Reascos Portilla A. K. , Bez E. , Taborelli M. , Himmerlich M.
Published: March 2023

A combination of picosecond 532 nm laser, 15 m long hollow-core fiber and a crawling robot is designed to roughen the inner vacuum pipe surfaces of selected LHC magnets and achieve secondary electron yield reduction.
Small-signal amplification at 2.3 μm in Cr2+:ZnSe with single-mode-pumping at 1.9 μm
Authors: Pal Debasis , Nilsson Johan
Published: March 2023

A Cr2+:ZnSe crystal with quasi-continuous-wave single-mode pumping at 1.9 μm generates over 10 dB of single-pass small-signal gain at 2.3 μm. Simulations suggest 30 dB is possible. We attribute the difference to quenching and focal mismatch.
Mid-Infrared Electronic Wavelength Tuning via Intracavity Difference-Frequency Mixing in Cr:ZnSe Laser
Authors: Yumoto Masaki , Miyata Kentaro , Kawata Yasushi , Wada Satoshi
Published: March 2023

We have demonstrated electronic wavelength tuning in the 8.3–11 µm spectral range based on intracavity difference-frequency generation under the spectral noncritical phase-matching condition of ZnGeP2 in an electronically tuned Cr:ZnSe laser.
Hardness and Young’s Modulus Measurements of the Nonlinear Optical Crystals BaGa2GeS6 and BaGa2GeSe6
Authors: Exner Ginka , Grigorov Aleksandar , Badikov Valeriy , Petrov Valentin
Published: March 2023

We report hardness and Young’s modulus measurements for two recently developed and very promising non-chalcopyrite mid-IR crystals, BaGa2GeS6 and BaGa2GeSe6. The hardness is 455 kg/mm2 for the sulfide and 408 kg/mm2 for the selenide compound.
Ion implantation of BK7 glass by Laser back-writing process
Authors: Abbasi Shabnam , Pazokian Hedieh , Montazerolghaem Mohsen.
Published: March 2023

A scheme of ion implantation on BK7 using laser backwriting, which uses a Q-switched laser beam through in to substrate and focused on metal target with ablated plasma back into the glass is investigated.
Progress in Ce3+-Doped Chalcogenide-Glass Lasers
Authors: Frolov M.P. , Korostelin Yu.V. , Kozlovsky V.I. , Leonov S.O. , Fjodorow P. , Skasyrsky Ya.K. , Denker B.I. , Galagan B.I. , Sverchkov S.E. , Koltashev V.V. , Plotnichenko V.G. , Sukhanov M.V. , Velmuzhov A.P.
Published: March 2023

Room-temperature laser systems consisting of a 4.6-m pulsed Fe:ZnSe pump laser and different Ce3+:Ge20Sb10Ga5Se65 bulk glasses are demonstrated. The slope efficiency of a Ce3+:glass laser reaches 25%, with a maximum output energy of 45 mJ.
Difference Frequency Generation in BaGa4Se7, LiGaSe2, or LiGaS2 with Output Energy up to 100 μJ Tunable in a 5 to 13 μm Range Pumped by a 1.03 μm, 1.8 ps Laser
Authors: Jelínek Michal , Kubeček Václav , Novák Ondřej , Huynh Jaroslav , Cimrman Martin , Chyla Michal , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomáš
Published: March 2023

Picosecond difference frequency generation in BaGa4Se7, LiGaSe2, or LiGaS2 tunable in a 5 -13 μm wavelength range with pulse energy up to 100μJ or conversion efficiency up to 4% is presented.
Comparison of focal geometry, lens tilt, and angle-resolved studies of laser-induced underwater acoustic signals
Authors: Yellaiah J.
Published: March 2023

This study demonstrates the evolution of underwater acoustic signals produced by 10 nanosecond laser pulses and explores the temporal effects of focal geometry, lens tilt, and angular distribution.
Chirped Pulsed Four-Wave Mixing Spectrogram retrieval from single shot spectrum measurement
Authors: Fourcade-Dutin Coralie , Fauquet Frédéric , Mounaix Patrick , Bigourd Damien
Published: March 2023

Four Wave Mixing band spectrogram has been retrieved from single shot spectra when a chirped pulse is injected in a fiber. This method leads to the seed chirp required for a large gain bandwidth.
Distributed Bandpass Filtering in a 40-μm core LMA fiber
Authors: Yu C. X. , Pax P. , Cook M. , Khitrov V. , Wu S. , Moore W. , Runkel M. , Messerly M. , Dawson J. , Dubinskii M.
Published: March 2023

We successfully fabricated a 40-μm core LMA fiber with distributed <40-nm-passband bandpass filter. The stopband is over 300 nm wide with >30 dB/m average suppression. Output M2 is 1.15 at a coil diameter of 25 cm.
Free-Space Quasi-Phase Matching
Authors: Kovalenko Nazar , Hariton Victor , Fritsch Kilian , Pronin Oleg
Published: March 2023

A new approach to the quasi-phase matching of nonlinear materials based on the free space multipass cells is presented. The method is applicable to all types of nonlinear crystals with non-zero susceptibility χ(2).
Reduction of process-induced Waviness in Laser Polishing of Fused Silica by a Thermography-base Process Control
Authors: Jung Manuel , Kukkala Sai M. D. , Willenborg Edgar
Published: March 2023

A thermography-based approach for process control in laser polishing of fused silica is presented and compared with state-of-the-art pyrometer-based approaches. Furthermore, influences of laser power fluctuation on the formation of waviness are investigated.
Metal penetration with a 120 kW high-power fiber laser
Authors: Reich Stefan , Lueck Martin , Osterholz Jens
Published: March 2023

High-power fiber lasers are emerging in the field of directed energy. We present experimental results on the effects on metals with laser powers of up to 120 kW, emitted by the most powerful commercially available fiber laser.
Fibered Laser Shock Peening: an opening for a widespread use of the process?
Authors: Porcar Rafael , Ayeb Adam , Godel Camille , Boudries Fahem , Gallitelli Donato , Caillault Benoît
Published: March 2023

Fibered Laser Shock Peening has been implemented thanks to a record-breaking fiber injection system allowing the transmission of 63MW in the nanosecond regime. Results obtained on aluminum and titanium are presented.
Development of a 3-D Flash Lidar for Terrain Sensing and Safe Landing on Planetary Bodies
Authors: Amzajerdian Farzin , Bulyshev Alexander , Brewster Paul , Shen Guoqing , Heppler Jacob , Dostart Nathan , Gragossian Aram
Published: March 2023

A Flash Lidar utilizing a novel Super-Resolution technique has been developed for providing Terrain Relative Navigation and Hazard Avoidance capabilities onboard landing vehicles. Performance of this lidar for space and aerial vehicles will be discussed.
A 20 kHz, 1.2 J, 20 ns pulse-burst laser for electron temperature and density measurement in a magnetically confined high-temperature plasma
Authors: Yasuhara R. , Funaba H. , Uehara H. , Hartog DJ. Den
Published: March 2023

In order to deepen understanding of transient phenomena in magnetically confined plasmas, a high-time resolution (up to 20 kHz) Thomson scattering diagnostic system for measurement of electron temperature and density profiles has been developed. A key system component is a Nd: YAG laser which produces a burst of 1.2 J, 20 ns pulses. This diagnostic system is used to investigate transient plasma phenomena such as electron cyclotron heating, the injection of hydrogen pellets, and plasma collapse.
Thermo-optic refraction based optical mode multiplexer for Free space optical communication
Authors: Shetty Pritam P , Bingi Jayachandra
Published: March 2023

Optical modes like Hermite Gaussian(HG) and Laguerre Gaussian(LG) modes are used as states for free space optical communication. Switching between modes is achieved by dynamic thermal lens generated in medium using a pump beam.
Uplink and Downlink Laser Transmitters for Deep Space Optical Communications
Authors: Wright Malcolm. W.
Published: March 2023

Laser sources for the NASA Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) technology transmitter and in the ground system for the uplink laser.
Interband cascade technology enables high-speed free-space communication in the mid-infrared transparency windows of the atmosphere
Authors: Didier Pierre , Knötig Hedwig , Spitz Olivier , Cerutti Laurent , Lardschneider Anna , Diaz-Thomas D.A. , Baranov A.N. , Weih Robert , Köth Johannes , Schwarz Benedikt , Grillot Frédéric
Published: March 2023

Combination of interband cascade laser and interband cascade infrared pho-todetector allows demonstrating free-space transmission at 16 GBit/s in the thermal atmospheric window around 4 µm, paving the way towards energy-efficient mid-infrared communication.
Amplitude Modulated Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (AM-TDLAS): Implementation for Pressure Sensing in Air
Authors: Lorbeer Raoul-Amadeus , Bittner Matthias , Damm Matthias , Di Capua Francesco , Ortega Cristina Beneitez , Kliebisch Oliver , Mahnke Peter
Published: March 2023

We want to apply O2 tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to the harsh environment around an aircraft as an optical air-data sensor. To optimize stability, we evaluate amplitude modulated TDLAS against the original method.
Coherence effects in pulsed digital holography
Authors: Perram Glen P. , Owens Steven A. , Spencer Mark F.
Published: March 2023

A pulsed, near infrared, digital holographic instrument in the off-axis image plane recording geometry is experimentally demonstrated with a total system efficiency of 15.9%. A model for the ambiguity efficiency, or pulse overlap, is experimentally verified.
Object Recognition using Sparse, Reduced-Dimension Point Cloud Data
Authors: Watson Edward A.
Published: March 2023

We use sparse point clouds to develop a reduced-dimension feature for pattern recognition. Using this feature, templates generated from random realization are developed and show reliable discrimination between two objects using a log-likelihood ratio measure.
Sensing and Communications in Turbulent Environments with Structured Light
Authors: Chen Zhaozhong , Daly Ultan , Boldin Aleksandr , Alsaigh Rakan , Lavery Martin P.J.
Published: March 2023

Structured optical fields have interesting interactions with free-space channels due to their continuously evolving environmental conditions. We will discuss our recent work on modelling, mitigation and measurement of changes in weather conditions with twisted light.
Direct ink writing 3D-printed optical waveguides for multi-layer interconnect
Authors: Lin Congkai , Jia Xingwang , Chen Chao , Yang Changming , Li Xiangcheng , Shao Ming , Yu Yu , Zhang Zhenrong
Published: March 2023

Low-cost, short-range optical interconnect technology plays an indispensable role in high-speed board-level data communications. In general, 3D printing technology can easily and quickly produce optical components with free-form shapes, while the traditional manufacturing process is complicated and time-consuming. Here, we present a direct ink writing 3D-printing technology to fabricate optical waveguides for optical interconnects. The waveguide core is 3D printed optical polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymer, with propagation loss of 0.21 dB/cm at 980 nm, 0.42 dB/cm at 1310 nm, and 1.08 dB/cm at 1550 nm, respectively. Furthermore, a high-density multilayer waveguide arrays, including a four-layer waveguide arrays with a total of 144 waveguide channels, is demonstrated. Error-free data transmission at 30 Gb/s is achieved for each waveguide channel, indicating that the printing method can produce optical waveguides with excellent optical transmission performance. We believe this simple, low-cost, highly flexible, and environmentally friendly method has great potential for high-speed short-range optical interconnects.
Ultra-low-loss broadband multiport optical splitters
Authors: Vildoso Paloma , Vicencio Rodrigo A. , Petrovic Jovana
Published: March 2023

A major challenge in inverse design of optical splitters is to efficiently reach platform nonspecific designs constrained to multiple functional requirements: arbitrary splitting ratio, low insertion loss, broad bandwidth and small footprint. While the traditional designs fail to fulfill all these requirements, the more successful nanophotonic inverse designs require substantial time and energy resources per device. Here, we present an efficient inverse design algorithm that provides universal designs of splitters compliant with all above constraints. To demonstrate the capabilities of our method, we design splitters with various splitting ratios and fabricate 1 × N power splitters in a borosilicate platform by direct laser writing. The splitters show zero loss within the experimental error, competitive imbalance of <0.5 dB and broad bandwidth in the range 20 − 60 nm around 640 nm. Remarkably, the splitters can be tuned to achieve different splitting ratios. We further demonstrate scaling of the splitter footprint and apply the universal design to silicon nitride and silicon-on-insulator platforms to achieve 1 × 5 splitters with the footprints as small as 3.3 µm × 8 µm and 2.5 µm × 10.3 µm, respectively. Owing to the universality and speed of the design algorithm (several minutes on a standard PC) our approach renders 100 greater throughput than nanophotonic inverse design.
Measurement of resonant bend loss in anti-resonant hollow core optical fiber: erratum
Authors: Carter Richard M. , Yu Fei , Wadsworth William J. , Shephard Jonathan D. , Birks Tim A. , Knight Jonathan C. , Hand Duncan P.
Published: March 2023

An error on the part of the authors in drafting resulted in Eq. (3) being incorrect in the published paper [Opt. Express 25, 20612 (2017)10.1364/OE.25.020612]. We present a corrected version of the equation. It should be noted that this does not affect the presented results or conclusions of the paper.
Evolutionary analysis of KED-rich proteins in plants
Authors: Zhang Xing-Hai , Swait David , Jin Xiao-Lu , Vichyavichien Paveena , Nifakos Nicholas , Kaplan Noah , Raymond Lucwilerna , Harlin John M.
Published: March 2023

During the course of evolution, organisms have developed genetic mechanisms in response to various environmental stresses including wounding from mechanical damage or herbivory-caused injury. A previous study of wounding response in the plant tobacco identified a unique wound-induced gene, aptly named KED due to its coding for a protein that has an unusually high content of amino acids lysine (K), glutamic acid (E) and aspartic acid (D). However, by far little is known about this intriguing gene. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary aspects of the KED-rich coding genes. We found that a consistent pattern of wound-induced KED gene expression is maintained across representative species of angiosperm and gymnosperm. KED genes can be identified in species from all groups of land plants (Embryophyta). All the KED proteins from vascular plants (Tracheophyta) including angiosperm, gymnosperm, fern and lycophyte share a conserved 19-amino acid domain near the C-terminus, whereas bryophytes (moss, liverwort and hornwort) possess KED-rich, multi-direct-repeat sequences that are distinct from the vascular plant KEDs. We detected KED-rich sequences in Charophyta species but not in Chlorophyta wherever genome sequences are available. Our studies suggest diverse and complex evolution pathways for land plant KED genes. Vascular plant KEDs exhibit high evolutionary conservation, implicating their shared function in response to wounding stress. The extraordinary enrichment of amino acids K, E and D in these groups of distinct and widely distributed proteins may reflect the structural and functional requirement for these three residues during some 600 million years of land plant evolution.
“Live a normal life”: Constructions of resilience among people in mixed HIV status relationships in Canada
Authors: Yang Minhui , Daftary Amrita , Mendelsohn Joshua B. , Ryan Molly , Bullock Sandra , Bisaillon Laura , Bourne Adam , Lebouché Bertrand , Thompson Tamara , Calzavara Liviana
Published: March 2023

Positive Plus One is a mixed-methods study of long-term mixed HIV-serostatus relationships in Canada (2016–19). Qualitative interviews with 51 participants (10 women, 41 men, including 27 HIV-positive and 24 HIV-negative partners) were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to examine notions of relationship resilience in the context of emerging HIV social campaigns. Relationship resilience meant finding ways to build and enact life as a normal couple, that is, a couple not noticeably affected by HIV, linked to the partner with HIV maintaining viral suppression and achieving “undetectable = untransmittable” (U = U). Regardless of serostatus, participants with material resources, social networks, and specialized care were better able to construct resilience for HIV-related challenges within their relationships. Compared to heterosexual couples and those facing socioeconomic adversity, gay and bisexual couples were easier able to disclose, and access capital, networks and resources supporting resilience. We conclude that important pathways of constructing, shaping, and maintaining resilience were influenced by the timing of HIV diagnosis in the relationship, access to HIV-related information and services, disclosure, stigma and social acceptance.
PreprintMatch: A tool for preprint to publication detection shows global inequities in scientific publication
Authors: Eckmann Peter , Bandrowski Anita
Published: March 2023

Preprints, versions of scientific manuscripts that precede peer review, are growing in popularity. They offer an opportunity to democratize and accelerate research, as they have no publication costs or a lengthy peer review process. Preprints are often later published in peer-reviewed venues, but these publications and the original preprints are frequently not linked in any way. To this end, we developed a tool, PreprintMatch, to find matches between preprints and their corresponding published papers, if they exist. This tool outperforms existing techniques to match preprints and papers, both on matching performance and speed. PreprintMatch was applied to search for matches between preprints (from bioRxiv and medRxiv), and PubMed. The preliminary nature of preprints offers a unique perspective into scientific projects at a relatively early stage, and with better matching between preprint and paper, we explored questions related to research inequity. We found that preprints from low income countries are published as peer-reviewed papers at a lower rate than high income countries (39.6% and 61.1%, respectively), and our data is consistent with previous work that cite a lack of resources, lack of stability, and policy choices to explain this discrepancy. Preprints from low income countries were also found to be published quicker (178 vs 203 days) and with less title, abstract, and author similarity to the published version compared to high income countries. Low income countries add more authors from the preprint to the published version than high income countries (0.42 authors vs 0.32, respectively), a practice that is significantly more frequent in China compared to similar countries. Finally, we find that some publishers publish work with authors from lower income countries more frequently than others.
The impact of visual display of human motion on observers’ perception of music performance
Authors: Moura Nádia , Fonseca Pedro , Goethel Márcio , Oliveira-Silva Patrícia , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Serra Sofia
Published: March 2023

In investigating the influence of body movement in multimodal perception, human motion displays are frequently used as a means of visual standardization and control of external confounders. However, no principle is established regarding the selection of an adequate display for specific study purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adopting 4 visual displays (point-light, stick figure, body mass, skeleton) on the observers’ perception of music performances in 2 expressive conditions (immobile, projected expressiveness). Two hundred eleven participants rated 8 audio-visual samples in expressiveness, match between movement and music, and overall evaluation. The results revealed significant isolated main effects of visual display and expressive condition on the observers’ ratings (in both,p< 0.001), and interaction effects between the two factors (p< 0.001). Displays closer to a human form (mostly skeleton, sometimes body mass) exponentiated the evaluations of expressiveness and music-movement match in the projected expressiveness condition, and of overall evaluation in the immobile condition; the opposite trend occurred with the simplified motion display (stick figure). Projected expressiveness performances were higher rated than immobile performances. Although the expressive conditions remained distinguishable across displays, the more complex ones potentiated the attribution of subjective qualities. We underline the importance of considering the variable display as an influencing factor in perceptual studies.
National-scale geodatabase of catchment characteristics in the Philippines for river management applications
Authors: Boothroyd Richard J. , Williams Richard D. , Hoey Trevor B. , MacDonell Craig , Tolentino Pamela L. M. , Quick Laura , Guardian Esmael L. , Reyes Juan C. M. O. , Sabillo Cathrine J. , Perez John E. G. , David Carlos P. C.
Published: March 2023

Quantitative descriptions of stream network and river catchment characteristics provide valuable context for enabling geomorphologically-informed sustainable river management. For countries where high-quality topographic data are available, there are opportunities to enable open access availability of baseline products from systematic assessment of morphometric and topographic characteristics. In this study, we present a national-scale assessment of fundamental topographic characteristics of Philippine river systems. We applied a consistent workflow using TopoToolbox V2 to delineate stream networks and river catchments using a nationwide digital elevation model (DEM) acquired in 2013 and generated through airborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR). We assessed morphometric and topographic characteristics for 128 medium- to large-sized catchments (catchment area > 250 km2) and organised the results in a national-scale geodatabase. The dataset realises the potential of topographic data as part of river management applications, by enabling variations in hydromorphology to be characterised and contextualised. The dataset is used to reveal the diversity of stream networks and river catchments in the Philippines. Catchments have a continuum of shapes (Gravelius compactness coefficient ranges from 1.05 to 3.29) with drainage densities that range from 0.65 to 1.23 km/km2. Average catchment slope ranges from 3.1 to 28.1° and average stream slope varies by more than an order of magnitude from 0.004 to 0.107 m/m. Inter-catchment analyses show the distinctive topographic signatures of adjacent river catchments; examples from NW Luzon highlight topographic similarity between catchments whereas examples from Panay Island shown marked topographic differences. These contrasts underline the importance of using place-based analyses for sustainable river management applications. By designing an interactive ArcGIS web-application to display the national-scale geodatabase, we improve data accessibility and enable users to freely access, explore and download the data (https://glasgow-uni.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=a88b9ca0919f4400881eab4a26370cee). The national-scale geodatabase provides a baseline understanding of fundamental topographic characteristics in support of varied geomorphological, hydrological and geohazard susceptibility applications.
Kazakh national dog breed Tazy: What do we know?
Authors: Perfilyeva Anastassiya , Bespalova Kira , Bespalov Sergey , Begmanova Мamura , Kuzovleva Yelena , Zhaniyazov Zhassulan , Vishnyakova Olga , Nazarenko Inna , Perfilyeva Yuliya , Khamdiyeva Ozada , Bekmanov Bakhytzhan
Published: March 2023

The Tazy or Kazakh National sighthound has been officially recognized as the national heritage of Kazakhstan. Comprehensive genetic studies of genetic diversity and population structure that could be used for selection and conservation of this unique dog breed have not been conducted so far. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic structure of the Tazy using microsatellite and SNP markers and to place the breed in the context of the world sighthound breeds. Our results showed that all 19 microsatellite loci examined were polymorphic. The observed number of alleles in the Tazy population varied from 6 (INU030 locus) to 12 (AHT137, REN169D01, AHTh260, AHT121, and FH2054 loci) with a mean of 9.778 alleles per locus. The mean number of effective alleles was 4.869 and ranged from 3.349 f to 4.841. All markers were highly informative (PIC values greater than 0.5) and ranged from 0.543 (REN247M23 locus) to 0.865 (AHT121 locus). The observed and expected heterozygosities in a total population were 0.748 and 0.769 and ranged from 0.746 to 0.750 and 0.656 to 0.769, respectively. Overall, the results confirmed that the Tazy breed has a high level of genetic diversity, no significant inbreeding, and a specific genetic structure. Three gene pools underlie the genetic diversity of the Tazy breed. SNP analysis using the CanineHD SNP array, which contains more than 170,000 SNP markers, showed that the Tazy breed is distinct from other sighthound breeds and genetically related to ancient eastern sighthound breeds sharing the same branch with the Afghan Hound and the Saluki. The results, together with archeological findings, confirm the ancient origin of the breed. The findings can be used for the conservation and international registration of the Tazy dog breed.
Relationship between oral health and prognosis in patients with empyema: Single center retrospective study with propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Iwata Eiji , Nishiuma Teruaki , Hori Suya , Sugiura Keiko , Taki Masato , Tokunaga Shuntaro , Kusumoto Junya , Hasegawa Takumi , Tachibana Akira , Akashi Masaya
Published: March 2023

Background

Empyema is a life-threatening infection often caused by oral microbiota. To the best of our knowledge, no reports have investigated the association between the objective assessment of oral health and prognosis in patients with empyema.

Materials and methods

A total of 63 patients with empyema who required hospitalization at a single institution were included in this retrospective study. We compared non-survivors and survivors to assess risk factors for death at three months, including the Renal, age, pus, infection, diet (RAPID) score, and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) score. Furthermore, to minimize the background bias of the OHAT high-score and low-score groups determined based on the cut-off value, we also analyzed the association between the OHAT score and death at 3 months using the propensity score matching method.

Results

The 3-month mortality rate was 20.6% (13 patients). Multivariate analysis showed that a RAPID score ≥5 points (odds ratio (OR) 8.74) and an OHAT score ≥7 points (OR 13.91) were significantly associated with death at 3 months. In the propensity score analysis, a significant association was found between a high OHAT score (≥7 points) and death at 3 months (P = 0.019).

Conclusion

Our results indicated that oral health assessed using the OHAT score may be a potential independent prognostic factor in patients with empyema. Similar to the RAPID score, the OHAT score may become an important indicator for the treatment of empyema.
Large losses from little lies: Strategic gender misrepresentation and cooperation
Authors: Drouvelis Michalis , Gerson Jennifer , Powdthavee Nattavudh , Riyanto Yohanes E.
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the possibility that a small deceptive act of misrepresenting one’s gender to others reduces cooperation in the Golden Balls game, a variant of a prisoner’s dilemma game. Compared to treatments where either participants’ true genders are revealed to each other in a pair or no information on gender is given, the treatment effects of randomly selecting people to be allowed to misrepresent their gender on defection are positive, sizeable, and statistically significant. Allowing people to misrepresent their gender reduces the average cooperation rate by approximately 10–12 percentage points. While one explanation for the significant treatment effects is that participants who chose to misrepresent their gender in the treatment where they were allowed to do so defect substantially more, the potential of being matched with someone who could be misrepresenting their gender also caused people to defect more than usual as well. On average, individuals who chose to misrepresent their gender are around 32 percentage points more likely to defect than those in the blind and true gender treatments. Further analysis reveals that a large part of the effect is driven by women who misrepresented in same-sex pairs and men who misrepresented in mixed-sex pairs. We conclude that even small short-term opportunities to misrepresent one’s gender can potentially be extremely harmful to later human cooperation.
Tree species composition along environmental and disturbance gradients in tropical sub-montane forests, Tanzania
Authors: Lolila Nandera Juma , Shirima Deo D. , Mauya Ernest William
Published: March 2023

Understanding the environmental and disturbance determinants of tree species dominance and community composition in an ecosystem, is important for informing management and conservation decisions, through maintaining or improving the existing forest composition and structure. This study was carried out to quantify the relationship between forest tree composition structure and environmental and disturbance gradients, in a tropical sub-montane forest of Eastern Usambara. Vegetation, environmental, and anthropogenic disturbance data for 58 plots across Amani and Nilo nature forest reserves were obtained. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to identify plant communities and analyze the influence of environmental variables and anthropogenic disturbances on tree species and community composition respectively. Four communities were identified and CCA results showed that the variation was significantly related to elevation, pH, Annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality, phosphorus nutrients and pressures from adjacent villages and roads. Likewise, environmental factors (climate, soil and topography) explained the most variation (14.5%) of tree and community composition in relation to disturbance pressure (2.5%). The large and significant variation in tree species and community patterns explained by environmental factors suggests a need for site-specific assessment of environmental properties for biodiversity conservation plans. Similarly, the intensification of human activities and associated impacts on natural environment should be minimized to maintain forest species composition patterns and communities. The findings are useful in guiding in policy interventions that focus on minimizing human disturbances in the forests and could aid in preserving and restoring the functional organization and tree species composition of the sub-tropical montane forests.
Development of a programmable magnetic agitation device to maintain colloidal suspension of cells during microfluidic syringe pump perfusion
Authors: Puttrich Tommy , O’Donnell Steven , Wong Sing-Wan , Kotche Miiri , Felder Anthony E. , Shin Jae-Won
Published: March 2023

Droplet-based microfluidic devices have been used to achieve homogeneous cell encapsulation, but cells sediment in a solution, leading to heterogeneous products. In this technical note, we describe automated and programmable agitation device to maintain colloidal suspensions of cells. We demonstrate that the agitation device can be interfaced with a syringe pump for microfluidic applications. Agitation profiles of the device were predictable and corresponded to device settings. The device maintains the concentration of cells in an alginate solution over time without implicating cell viability. This device replaces manual agitation, and hence is suitable for applications that require slow perfusion for a longer period of time in a scalable manner.
Assessing the structural connectivity of international trade networks along the “Belt and Road”
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Haipeng , Tang Zhipeng , Yu Zhaoyuan
Published: March 2023

Assessing the trade network connectivity is essential for understanding the trade network structure, optimizing trade development patterns, and improving uneven trade development along the “Belt and Road” (BRI). From the perspective of connectivity, this paper integrates the frontier algorithms in network science and constructs an analytical framework to identify the mesoscale structures, including the community structure, core-periphery structure, and backbone structure embedded in the network, and further explore the structural connectivity of the BRI trade network. The results show that: (1) The BRI trade network represents a trade pattern of “one superpower, many great powers”, with three major trade groups in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Northern Central and Eastern Europe in terms of geographical space. China is the super core of the BRI trade network, and the most considerable trade links are all centred in China. (2) Five distinctive trade blocs have formed in the BRI trade network. Nevertheless, the structure of the trade blocs shows significant geographical proximity, indicating that geographical distance still plays a vital role in the international trade system at the regional scale. (3) The BRI trade network demonstrates a significant core-periphery structure, with apparent trade clustering among the core countries within the trade network. Among them, nine countries led by China constitute the core structure, and the peripheral structure is large, reaching forty-four. (4) The trade links with China constitute the backbone structure of the whole trade network in the BRI region. In addition, the trade links related to energy trade and re-export trade are also crucial components of the BRI backbone structure. Methodologically, the analytical framework proposed for assessing the network structural connectivity has great potential to be widely applied to other disciplines and fields.
Why were some countries more successful than others in curbing early COVID-19 mortality impact? A cross-country configurational analysis
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Yao , Yan Bo , Wu Long , Zhang Xiaomin
Published: March 2023

Why was there considerable variation in initial COVID-19 mortality impact across countries? Through a configurational lens, this paper examines which configurations of five conditions—a delayed public-health response, past epidemic experience, proportion of elderly in population, population density, and national income per capita—influence early COVID-19 mortality impact measured by years of life lost (YLL). A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of 80 countries identifies four distinctive pathways associated with high YLL rate and four other different pathways leading to low YLL rate. Results suggest that there is no singular “playbook”—a set of policies that countries can follow. Some countries failed differently, whereas others succeeded differently. Countries should take into account their situational contexts to adopt a holistic response strategy to combat any future public-health crisis. Regardless of the country’s past epidemic experience and national income levels, a speedy public-health response always works well. For high-income countries with high population density or past epidemic experience, they need to take extra care to protect elderly populations who may otherwise overstretch healthcare capacity.
Cohort profile: Celiac disease genomic, environmental, microbiome and metabolome study; a prospective longitudinal birth cohort study of children at-risk for celiac disease
Authors: Leonard Maureen M. , Kenyon Victoria , Valitutti Francesco , Pennacchio-Harrington Rita , Piemontese Pasqua , Francavilla Ruggiero , Norsa Lorenzo , Passaro Tiziana , Crocco Marco , Baldassarre Mariella , Trovato Chiara Maria , Fasano Alessio ,   the CDGEMM working group
Published: March 2023

The Celiac Disease Genomic, Environmental, Microbiome and Metabolomic (CDGEMM) study is an international prospective birth cohort in children at-risk of developing celiac disease (CD). The CDGEMM study has been designed to take a multi-omic approach to predicting CD onset in at-risk individuals. Participants are required to have a first-degree family member with biopsy diagnosed CD and must be enrolled prior to the introduction of solid food. Participation involves providing blood and stool samples longitudinally over a period of five years as well as answering questionnaires related to the participant, their family, and environment. Recruitment and data collection have been ongoing since 2014. As of 2022 we have a total of 554 participants and the average age of the cohort is 56.4 months. A total of 54 participants have developed positive antibodies for CD and 31 have confirmed CD. Approximately 80% of the 54 participants with CD have developed it by 3 years of age. To date we have identified several microbial strains, pathways, and metabolites occurring in increased abundance and detected before CD onset, which have previously been linked to autoimmune and inflammatory conditions while others occurred in decreased abundance before CD onset and are known to have anti-inflammatory effects. Our ongoing analysis includes expanding our metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, evaluating environmental risk factors linked to CD onset, and mechanistic studies investigating how alterations in the microbiome and metabolites may protect against or contribute to CD development.