bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Digital Platforms for Adults’ and Adolescents’ Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Our Life at Home): Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Parker Kate , Uddin Riaz , Ridgers Nicola D , Brown Helen , Veitch Jenny , Salmon Jo , Timperio Anna , Sahlqvist Shannon , Cassar Samuel , Toffoletti Kim , Maddison Ralph , Arundell Lauren
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Government responses to managing the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted the way individuals were able to engage in physical activity. Digital platforms are a promising way to support physical activity levels and may have provided an alternative for people to maintain their activity while at home.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine associations between the use of digital platforms and adherence to the physical activity guidelines among Australian adults and adolescents during the COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions in April and May 2020.

METHODS

A national online survey was distributed in May 2020. Participants included 1188 adults (mean age 37.4 years, SD 15.1; 980/1188, 82.5% female) and 963 adolescents (mean age 16.2 years, SD 1.2; 685/963, 71.1% female). Participants reported demographic characteristics, use of digital platforms for physical activity over the previous month, and adherence to moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) guidelines. Multilevel logistic regression models examined differences in guideline adherence between those who used digital platforms (ie, users) to support their physical activity compared to those who did not (ie, nonusers).

RESULTS

Digital platforms include streaming services for exercise (eg, YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook); subscriber fitness programs, via an app or online (eg, Centr and MyFitnessPal); facilitated online live or recorded classes, via platforms such as Zoom (eg, dance, sport training, and fitness class); sport- or activity-specific apps designed by sporting organizations for participants to keep up their skills (eg, TeamBuildr); active electronic games (eg, Xbox Kinect); and/or online or digital training or racing platforms (eg, Zwift, FullGaz, and Rouvy). Overall, 39.5% (469/1188) of adults and 26.5% (255/963) of adolescents reported using digital platforms for physical activity. Among adults, MVPA (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.7), MSE (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.5-4.5), and combined (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.0-3.8) guideline adherence were higher among digital platform users relative to nonusers. Adolescents’ MVPA (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.3), MSE (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.1-4.4), and combined (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.1-9.0) guideline adherence were also higher among users of digital platforms relative to nonusers.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital platform users were more likely than nonusers to meet MVPA and MSE guidelines during the COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions in April and May 2020. Digital platforms may play a critical role in helping to support physical activity engagement when access to facilities or opportunities for physical activity outside the home are restricted.
Driving Digital Transformation During a Pandemic: Case Study of Virtual Collaboration in a German Hospital (Preprint)
Authors: Frick Nicholas R J , Möllmann Henriette L , Mirbabaie Milad , Stieglitz Stefan
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only changed the private lives of millions of people but has significantly affected the collaboration of medical specialists throughout health care systems worldwide. Hospitals are making changes to their regular operations to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while ensuring the treatment of emergency patients. These substantial changes affect the typical work setting of clinicians and require the implementation of organizational arrangements.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aim to increase our understanding of how digital transformation drives virtual collaboration among clinicians in hospitals in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

We present the lessons learned from an exploratory case study in which we observed the introduction of an information technology (IT) system for enhancing collaboration among clinicians in a German hospital. The results are based on 16 semistructured interviews with physicians from various departments and disciplines; the interviews were generalized to better understand and interpret the meaning of the statements.

RESULTS

Three key lessons and recommendations explain how digital transformation ensures goal-driven collaboration among clinicians. First, we found that implementing a disruptive change requires alignment of the mindsets of the stakeholders. Second, IT-enabled collaboration presupposes behavioral rules that must be followed. Third, transforming antiquated processes demands a suitable technological infrastructure.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital transformation is being driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rapid introduction of IT-enabled collaboration reveals grievances concerning the digital dissemination of medical information along the patient treatment path. To avoid being caught unprepared by future crises, digital transformation must be further driven to ensure collaboration, and the diagnostic and therapeutic process must be opened to disruptive strategies.
Use of Natural Spoken Language With Automated Mapping of Self-reported Food Intake to Food Composition Data for Low-Burden Real-time Dietary Assessment: Method Comparison Study (Preprint)
Authors: Taylor Salima , Korpusik Mandy , Das Sai , Gilhooly Cheryl , Simpson Ryan , Glass James , Roberts Susan
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Self-monitoring food intake is a cornerstone of national recommendations for health, but existing apps for this purpose are burdensome for users and researchers, which limits use.

OBJECTIVE

We developed and pilot tested a new app (COCO Nutritionist) that combines speech understanding technology with technologies for mapping foods to appropriate food composition codes in national databases, for lower-burden and automated nutritional analysis of self-reported dietary intake.

METHODS

COCO was compared with the multiple-pass, interviewer-administered 24-hour recall method for assessment of energy intake. COCO was used for 5 consecutive days, and 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained for two of the days. Participants were 35 women and men with a mean age of 28 (range 20-58) years and mean BMI of 24 (range 17-48) kg/m2.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference in energy intake between values obtained by COCO and 24-hour recall for days when both methods were used (mean 2092, SD 1044 kcal versus mean 2030, SD 687 kcal, P=.70). There were also no significant differences between the methods for percent of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat (P=.27-.89), and no trend in energy intake obtained with COCO over the entire 5-day study period (P=.19).

CONCLUSIONS

This first demonstration of a dietary assessment method using natural spoken language to map reported foods to food composition codes demonstrates a promising new approach to automate assessments of dietary intake.
Recovery Following Peer and Text Messaging Support After Discharge From Acute Psychiatric Care in Edmonton, Alberta: Controlled Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shalaby Reham , Hrabok Marianne , Spurvey Pamela , Abou El-Magd Rabab M , Knox Michelle , Rude Rebecca , Vuong Wesley , Surood Shireen , Urichuk Liana , Snaterse Mark , Greenshaw Andrew J , Li Xin-Min , Agyapong Vincent Israel Opoku
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Peer support is an emotional, social, and practical help provided by nonprofessionals to assist others in sustaining health behaviors. Peer support is valued in recovery-oriented models of mental health and is becoming increasingly implemented at the organizational level. Text messaging is a relatively low-cost, high-impact, and easily scalable program that uses existing technology, is devoid of geographic barriers, and is easily accessible to end users.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative peer support system plus a supportive text messaging program on the recovery of discharged patients from acute psychiatric care.

METHODS

This prospective, rater blinded, controlled observational study included 181 patients who were discharged from acute psychiatric care. Patients were randomized to one of four conditions: treatment as usual (follow-up care), daily supportive text messages only, peer support only, or peer support plus daily supportive text messages. A standardized self-report measure of recovery (Recovery Assessment Scale [RAS]) was completed at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Descriptive analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance were used to examine the changes in the RAS among the study groups and over the follow-up time points.

RESULTS

A total of 65 patients completed the assessments at each time point. For the overall sample, higher scores were found for the peer support plus text message condition compared with the text message only and treatment as usual condition on several scales (ie, willingness to ask for help and personal confidence and hope) and total score on the RAS, after 6 months of intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

Peer support plus supportive text messaging seems to result in improved recovery compared with other interventions. It may be advisable to incorporate the two interventions as part of routine practice for patients with psychiatric disorders upon hospital discharge.
Toward Data-Driven Radiation Oncology Using Standardized Terminology as a Starting Point: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cihoric Nikola , Badra Eugenia Vlaskou , Stenger-Weisser Anna , Aebersold Daniel M , Pavic Matea
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

The inability to seamlessly exchange information across radiation therapy ecosystems is a limiting factor in the pursuit of data-driven clinical practice. The implementation of semantic interoperability is a prerequisite for achieving the full capacity of the latest developments in personalized and precision medicine, such as mathematical modeling, advanced algorithmic information processing, and artificial intelligence approaches.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the state of terminology resources (TRs) dedicated to radiation oncology as a prerequisite for an oncology semantic ecosystem. The goal of this cross-sectional analysis is to quantify the state of the art in radiation therapy specific terminology.

METHODS

The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) was searched for the following terms: radio oncology, radiation oncology, radiation therapy, and radiotherapy. We extracted 6509 unique concepts for further analysis. We conducted a quantitative analysis of available source vocabularies (SVs) and analyzed all UMLS SVs according to the route source, number, author, location of authors, license type, the lexical density of TR, and semantic types. Descriptive data are presented as numbers and percentages.

RESULTS

The concepts were distributed across 35 SVs. The median number of unique concepts per SV was 5 (range 1-5479), with 14% (5/35) of SVs containing 94.59% (6157/6509) of the concepts. The SVs were created by 29 authors, predominantly legal entities registered in the United States (25/35, 71%), followed by international organizations (6/35, 17%), legal entities registered in Australia (2/35, 6%), and the Netherlands and the United Kingdom with 3% (1/35) of authors each. Of the total 35 SVs, 16 (46%) did not have any restrictions on use, whereas for 19 (54%) of SVs, some level of restriction was required. Overall, 57% (20/35) of SVs were updated within the last 5 years. All concepts found within radiation therapy SVs were labeled with one of the 29 semantic types represented within UMLS. After removing the stop words, the total number of words for all SVs together was 56,219, with a median of 25 unique words per SV (range 3-50,682). The total number of unique words in all SVs was 1048, with a median of 19 unique words per vocabulary (range 3-406). The lexical density for all concepts within all SVs was 0 (0.02 rounded to 2 decimals). Median lexical density per unique SV was 0.7 (range 0.0-1.0). There were no dedicated radiation therapy SVs.

CONCLUSIONS

We did not identify any dedicated TRs for radiation oncology. Current terminologies are not sufficient to cover the need of modern radiation oncology practice and research. To achieve a sufficient level of interoperability, of the creation of a new, standardized, universally accepted TR dedicated to modern radiation therapy is required.
A Comparison of the Use of Smart Devices, Apps, and Social Media Between Adults With and Without Hearing Impairment: Cross-sectional Web-Based Study (Preprint)
Authors: van Wier Marieke F , Urry Emily , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I , Kramer Sophia E
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

eHealth and social media could be of particular benefit to adults with hearing impairment, but it is unknown whether their use of smart devices, apps, and social media is similar to that of the general population.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim is to study whether adults with normal hearing and those with impaired hearing differ in their weekly use of smart devices, apps, and social media; reasons for using social media; and benefits from using social media.

METHODS

We used data from a Dutch cohort, the National Longitudinal Study on Hearing. Data were collected from September 2016 to April 2020 using a web-based questionnaire and speech-in-noise test. The results from this test were used to categorize normal hearing and hearing impairment. Outcomes were compared using (multiple) logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Adults with impaired hearing (n=384) did not differ from normal hearing adults (n=341) in their use of a smartphone or tablet. They were less likely to make use of social media apps on a smartphone, tablet, or smartwatch (age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.92; P=.02). Use of social media on all devices and use of other apps did not differ. Adults with hearing impairment were more likely to agree with using social media to stay in touch with family members (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.16-2.07; P=.003) and friends (age-adjusted OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.01-1.81; P=.046). Furthermore, they were more likely to agree with using social media to perform their work (age-adjusted OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.18; P=.03). There were no differences in the experienced benefits from social media.

CONCLUSIONS

The potential for eHealth is confirmed because adults with hearing impairment are not less likely to use smart devices than their normal hearing peers. Adults with hearing impairment are less likely to use social media apps on a smart device but not less likely to use social media on all types of internet-connected devices. This warrants further research on the types of social media platforms that adults with hearing impairment use and on the type of device on which they prefer to use social media. Given that participants with hearing impairment are more likely than their normal hearing peers to use social media to perform their work, use of social media may be seen as an opportunity to enhance vocational rehabilitation services for persons with hearing impairment.
Risk Factors of Cholera Transmission in Al Hudaydah, Yemen: Case-Control Study (Preprint)
Authors: Qaserah Abdulqawi Mohammed , Al Amad Mohammed Abdullah , Al Serouri Abdulwahed Abduljabbar , Khader Yousef Saleh
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Yemen has recently faced the largest cholera outbreak in the world, which started at the end of 2016. By the end of 2017, the cumulative reported cases from all governorates reached 777,229 with 2134 deaths. Al Hudaydah was one of the most strongly affected areas, with 88,741 (18%) cases and 244 (12%) deaths reported.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with cholera transmission in Al Hudaydah city, Yemen.

METHODS

From December 1, 2017 to January 10, 2018, a total of 104 patients with cholera (57 women and 47 men) who presented at cholera treatment centers in Al Hudaydah city with three or more watery stools in a 24-hour period and with moderate or severe dehydration were identified for inclusion in this study. Each case was matched by age and gender with two controls who were living in the neighboring house. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect data on behavioral and environmental risk factors such as drinking water from public wells, storing water in containers, consumption of unwashed vegetables or fruits, and sharing a toilet.

RESULTS

The median age of the cases and controls was 20 years (range 5-80) and 23 years (range 5-85), respectively. Only 6% of cases and 4% of controls were employed. Multivariate analysis showed that eating unwashed vegetables or fruits (odds ratio [OR] 7.0, 95% CI 1.6-30.6, P=.01), storing water in containers (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3-7.3, P=.01), drinking water from a public well (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.7, P=.02), and using a public toilet (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.1-24.4, P=.04) were significantly associated with cholera infection risk.

CONCLUSIONS

The cholera transmission risk factors in Al Hudaydah city were related to water and sanitation hygiene. Therefore, increasing awareness of the population on the importance of water chlorination, and washing fruits and vegetables through a health education campaign is strongly recommended.
Facemask wearing among Chinese international students from Hong Kong studying in United Kingdom Universities during COVID-19: A mixed method study (Preprint)
Authors: Lai Agnes Yuen-Kwan , Sit Shirley Man-Man , Lai Theresa Tze-Kwan , Wang Man-Ping , Kong Cecilia Hoi-Mei , Cheuk Jessica Yuet-Ying , Feng Yi-Bin , Ip Mary Sau-Man , Lam Tai-Hing
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

The mental health of international students studying abroad has been neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This mixed-method study examined perceived public attitudes, personal beliefs, practice and stress toward facemask wearing as a preventive measure against COVID-19 among international university students from Hong Kong studying in the United Kingdom (UK) in the early stage (January – March 2020) of the pandemic.

METHODS

Our study included 2 parts: (i) an exponential, non-discriminative snowball sampling strategy was used to recruit 91 Chinese students studying in the UK to complete an online questionnaire survey, and (ii) online Zoom focus group interviews were conducted with 16 students to gain an in-depth understanding on their experiences and coping methods during the pandemic.

RESULTS

Of the 91 students, 92.3% reported the UK public did not view facemask wearing as a preventive measure. 98.9% believed facemask wearing was an effective preventive measure, but 56% wore facemasks more than half of the time when out in public. 50.5% of them had internal conflicts of feeling stressed both when wearing facemasks and not wearing facemasks, which was more common in females than males [(62.5% versus 31.5%, P=0.004, Relative Risk (RR): 1.99 (1.17, 3.38)]. 61.5% reported public prejudiced attitudes against facemask wearing, also more females than males (71.4% versus 45.7%, P=0.02, RR: 1.56 (1.05, 2.32). Qualitative findings showed feeling of conflicts between personal beliefs and social norms, feeling stressed about wearing facemasks as a preventive measure, and experience of prejudice. Peer and family support helped students face such difficulties. Positive thinking and being adaptable were effective methods of stress management. Qualitative findings corroborated the quantitative results.

CONCLUSIONS

Prejudiced attitudes and behaviours from others, and differences in public attitudes toward facemask wearing resulted in much stress in students’ stress. Clear and accurate public health messaging regarding facemask wearing is needed to change public attitudes and mitigate prejudice. Owing to the ongoing pandemic and rising xenophobia, specifically Sinophobia, academic institutions and public health professionals should take initiative in reaching out to urgently address the needs of international students and provide support in managing their ongoing stress and enhance mental wellbeing.

CLINICALTRIAL

Ethics approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of The University of Hong Kong / Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (reference number: UW20-298). The study was registered with the National Institutes of Health (identifier number: NCT04365361).
Antifungal Activity of TiO2/Ag Nanoparticles under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Rahmat Nahzim , Wahyuni Endang Tri , Suratman Adhitasari
Published: February 2021

The doping of TiO2 by Ag(I) from [Ag(S2O3)2]3– contained in radiophotography wastewater by photoreduction method has been performed. TiO2/AgNPs photocatalyst was examined for its activity as an antifungal material for the inhibition of C. albicans in water under visible light irradiation. In the doping process, the weight of TiO2 was varied to obtain TiO2/AgNPs with different amounts of Ag. The TiO2/AgNPs samples were characterized by using FTIR, SRUV, TEM, SEM-EDX, and XRD methods. The antifungal test was carried out by disc diffusion method under visible light irradiation, wherein the amount of Ag-doped on TiO2, the dose of TiO2/AgNPs, and the irradiation time were optimized. The research results indicated that the antifungal activity of TiO2/AgNPs in inhibiting C. albicans has been successfully prepared. The highest inhibition was achieved by using 0.5 g/L of TiO2/AgNPs (I), at 5 h of irradiation time.
Bismuth Oxide Prepared by Sol-Gel Method: Variation of Physicochemical Characteristics and Photocatalytic Activity Due to Difference in Calcination Temperature
Authors: Astuti Yayuk , Listyani Brigita Maria , Suyati Linda , Darmawan Adi
Published: February 2021

Research on synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) using sol-gel method with varying calcination temperatures at 500, 600, and 700 °C has been done. This study aims to determine the effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of the obtained products which encompasses crystal structure, surface morphology, band-gap energy, and photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methyl orange dyes through its kinetic study. Bismuth oxide prepared by sol-gel method was undertaken by dissolving Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and citric acid in HNO3. The mixture was stirred then heated at 100 °C. The gel formed was dried in the oven and then calcined at 500, 600, and 700 °C for 5 h. The obtained products were a pale yellow powder, indicating the formation of bismuth oxide. This is confirmed by the existence of Bi–O and Bi–O–Bi functional groups through FTIR analysis. All three products possess the same mixed crystal structures of α-Bi2O3 (monoclinic) and γ-Bi2O3 (body center cubic), but their morphologies and band gap values are different. The higher the calcination temperature, the larger the particle size and the smaller the band gap value. The accumulative differences in characteristics appoint SG700 to have the highest photocatalytic activity compared to SG600 and SG500 as indicated by its percent degradation value and decolorization rate constant.
Analysis of Dissolution of Salicylamide from Carrageenan Based Hard-Shell Capsules: A Study of the Drug-Matrix Interaction
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad Al Rizqi Dharma , Hendradi Esti , Pudjiastuti Pratiwi , Widodo Riyanto Teguh
Published: February 2021

In drug release kinetics, the drug-matrix interaction is one of the important mechanisms to be dictated. Unfortunately, there is still minimum information discussing the effect of interaction between a drug and its matrix to the release profile of the drug. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct research related to the study of drug-matrix interaction. This paper reports the preparation of a drug delivery system (DDS) in the form of hard-shell capsules containing salicylamide (SCA) and analyses its drug-matrix interaction via dissolution test at different pH media and various release kinetics models. The matrix of hard-shell capsules was prepared from κ-carrageenan (CRG), crosslinked with maltodextrin (MD), and plasticized by sorbitol (SOR). The chemical properties of SCA were compared with paracetamol (PCT) using computational analysis to help to depict its drug-matrix interaction. The statistical analyses showed that SCA and PCT at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 had all different release profiles. Based on the goodness of fit evaluation, the diffusion mechanism of SCA at pH 1.2 and 4.5 could be best described by the Peppas-Sahlin model while the zeroth-order model fitted the dissolution profile at pH 6.8. In summary, it was proven that a different drug-matrix interaction produced a different dissolution profile.
Improved Intersubjectivity—Does it also Helps to Facilitate the Other Learning Acquisitions Skills in Vulnerable Groups of Adolescents?
Authors: Lundstrøm Lillian , Øygard Lisbet
Published: February 2021

The Alternative School Day (ASD) is a project for adolescents who have difficulties in several areas. Nine pupils (14-16 years old), their parents and teachers were interviewed at autumn and spring. The pupils attended ASD one day per week. None of them was coming from academic homes. Bandura’s (1982) self-efficacy and social cognitive learning theory were utilized in order to investigate which kind of learning processes that seem to be involved in the positive outcome measures, found through the participation in this special program. This as well as the concept intersubjectivity. Do the teachers in the special program (ASD), share another intersubjectivity with the participants, both logically and emotionally? The ASD is more unconventional and each student gets more attention, the atmosphere is more unbound and playful. A whole body of research is employing the importance of play in children and adolescent’s development (Glynn & Webster, 1993; Barnett, 1990, 1991; Basi & Hurwitz, 2012). And an ongoing debate, ought to be whether, adapted education, should be incorporated within an earlier stage through the school curriculum for children and adolescents at the risk zone.
О рецензии профессора М. М. Зефирова на рукопись «Калмыцко-русский словарь», составленного Ф. Е. Крыловым в 1858 г.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Mandzhikova Larisa B.
Published: February 2021

The State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan transferred to the Scientific Library and Archives named after P. E. Alekseeva of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Electronic copies of archival files concerning the history, language, culture of the Kalmyks. In case No. 1709, correspondence between the Astrakhan Theological Seminary and the Board of the Kazan Theological Academy about the manuscript of the Kalmyk-Russian dictionary compiled by F. E. Krylov, a teacher of the Astrakhan Theological Seminary, and the possibility of publishing “ the Kalmyk language is taught “for the period from 1858 to 1862. Also in the file there is a report by M. M. Zefirov (1826–1889), archpriest, professor of the Kazan Theological Academy on November 20, 1862, about the return of the manuscript to the Board of the Kazan Theological Academy and his “review of dignity” on the manuscript of the Kalmyk-Russian dictionary compiled by F. E. Krylov. In this article, the author introduces the text of the review, letters into scientific circulation, and also tells about the tragic fate of the author of the dictionary and manuscript.
Древности и этнографические реалии Монголии в описании путешествий И. А. Ефремова («Дорога ветров», 1955)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Burykin Aleksey A.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. I. A. Efremov (1907–1972) known as the science-fiction writer was first of all a prominent geoscientist and palaeonthologist. Goal. The goal of the article is to analyze the descriptions of antiquities and ethnographic descriptions of Mongolia in I. A. Efremov’s book “The Road of Winds” (1955), that represents the edited notes of the scientist’s paleonthological expeditions and travels in Mongolia in 1946, 1948 and 1949. Results. I. A. Efremov in his book follows the established tradition of the descriptions of travels along the steppes, mountains and deserts. The book contains the description of the old Ulan-Bator, Khangai Mountains, the characteristics of the roads in Mongolia in their conditions and historical perspective, the recordings of the anthropological and archaeological findings. The different observations of the scientist related to the Mongolian ethnography are of great value, the author often points out the cultural phenomena that were not found in ethnographic research. I. A. Efremov’s travel notes were influenced by the way of traveling in the country (during the expeditions people traveled by trucks) as well as the time of reorganization of the economy, culture and lifestyle in Mongolia.
PENAPISAN JAMUR DAN BAKTERI ANTAGONIS TERHADAP JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus microporus) DARI RIZOSFER TANAMAN LIDAH MERTUA (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain)
Authors: Febbiyanti Tri Rapani
Published: February 2021

Penyakit akar putih yang disebabkan oleh jamur Rigidoporus microporus merupakan salah satu penyakit penting diperkebunan karet karena mengakibatkan kerugian yang cukup berarti. Mulai tahun 2003, Balai Penelitian Sembawa telah memperoleh suatu pengendalian alternatif yang murah, mudah didapat dan diterapkan di perkebunan rakyat yaitu pemanfaatan tumbuhan antagonis. Tumbuhan antagonis adalah suatu tumbuhan dari alam sekitar yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk menekan atau menghambat perkembangan penyakit akar putih. Tumbuhan antagonis memberikan pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap perkembangan jamur akar putih dalam tanah. Faktor utama yang berpengaruh secara langsung adalah eksudat akar yang bersifat antibiotik, sedangkan faktor sekunder yang berpengaruh secara tidak langsung adalah sifat biokimia-fisik tanah. Dari 12 tumbuhan antagonis yang telah diuji di lapangan, lidah mertua merupakan tanaman yang paling efektif  dalam mengendalikan jamur akar putih karena tanaman tersebut lebih tahan terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang ektrim dan adanya zat anti mikroba pada tumbuhan ini.  Penelitian ini bermaksud mengeksplorasi jamur dan bakteri yang terdapat di rizosfer tanaman lidah mertua secara laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa terdapat 11 jenis bakteri dan 7 jenis jamur yang diperoleh dari rizosfer  lidah mertua.  Dari 11 isolat bakteri tersebut, 4 diantaranya tergolong bakteri gram positif dan 7 tergolong bakteri gram negatif, kemudian terdapat suatu interaksi antagonisme antara isolat bakteri L. M. 5 dan L. M. 6 dengan jamur Rigidoporus microporus. Kemudian, dari 7 isolat jamur yang ditemukan terdapat 4 isolat jamur yang merupakan jamur antagonis terhadap jamur Rigidoporus microporus. Diterima : 11 April 2012; Disetujui : 10 Juli 2012 How to Cite : Febbiyanti, T. R. (2016). Penapisan jamur dan bakteri antagonis terhadap jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) dari rizosfer tanaman lidah mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain). Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 30(1), 1-11. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/115
Martim Lutero em Estudos Teológicos: Resgatando 30 anos de teologia luterana (1961-1990)
Authors: Wachholz Wilhelm , Goltz Jonatan Alexandre
Published: February 2021

No contexto dos sessenta anos de Estudos Teológicos, este artigo busca resgatar estudos sobre a teologia de Lutero e teologia luterana apresentados no período de 1961 e 1990. Selecionamos e analisamos os artigos utilizando como critério principal a referência a Martim Lutero e sua teologia, na perspectiva da interpretação da Reforma enquanto evento, alusão ao reformador no contexto do seu quingentésimo aniversário de nascimento (1983) e estudos que apresentam releituras de Lutero na perspectiva do ecumenismo, da América Latina e, em particular, da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil – IECLB.
INFERÊNCIAS TEOLÓGICAS NA SÉRIE DE TV LUKE CAGE, DA NETFLIX, E SEUS PARALELOS COM A TEOLOGIA NEGRA DE JAMES CONE
Authors: Saldanha Marcelo Ramos , Reblin Iuri Andréas Andréas
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta a série Luke Cage (2016), oriunda dos quadrinhos Luke Cage: Hero for Hire, de 1972, fazendo a pergunta pelos elementos da teologia negra da libertação presentes nela, em especial a defendida pelo Rev. James Hal Cone. O argumento deste texto é o de que a série constrói sua identidade a partir da cultura das comunidades afrodiaspóricas nos Estados Unidos, e, dessa forma, a teologia negra e as narrativas da escravidão emergem dessa mesma cultura, aparecendo na obra da Marvel/Netflix como uma crítica autêntica à tentativa racista de definir o estatuto ontológico do corpo negro.
Aceh Besar تحليل الأخطاء الصوتية في مهارة القراءة لدى طالبات الصف الثامن بمعهد إنسان قرآني
Authors: Syahda Zakkia , Muslim Buhori , Safariah Safariah
Published: February 2021

Researcher analyzed vocal errors in the reading skill of class VIII students at Dayah Insan Qur'ani Aceh Besar after observing students' difficulties in pronouncing Arabic letters correctly. Among the reasons for this problem is the lack of analysis of the form of letters and sounds that are  different from the Indonesian language, causing phonemic errors in Arabic letters. This study aims to identify the forms of vocal errors for class VIII students. The method used is a qualitative method, namely descriptive analysis that explains data and takes summary with words. The data collection technique is done by recording words using a voice recorder. The search results obtained show that there are thirty-eight errors that are divided into twelve types of errors. The highest number of errors are in the short neglect of harakat, then followed by the neglect of long harakat, replace the sound of 'ain with hamzah, replace the sound of ha with Ha, replace the sound of Ha with ha, replace the sound of qaf with kaf, replace the sound of dzal with zai, replace the sound of tha with ta, replace the sound of hamzah with 'ain, replace the sound of sin with shad, replace the sound of shad with sin, and replace the sound of ta with tha.
دراسة مقارنة إدارة الكفاءة على التعلم بين خريجي المدارس الداخلية وغير الداخلية بقسم تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Syahril M Alfi , Suhaimi Suhaimi , Hayati Salma
Published: February 2021

The objective of the study were to find out the  differences of learning management competence among Arabic Language Education Students of UIN Ar-Raniry who come from Ma'had and Non-Ma'had. The kind of this research was a comparative study. The sample of this study were students of the Arabic Language Study Program UIN Ar-Raniry starting from the class of 2015 up to the class of 2018, amounting to 228 students from a population of 837. The data collection in this study used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used was univariate, and bivariate data analysis techniques through the independent sample 2-sample t-test technique. The results of this study indicate that: (1) There is a significant difference in learning management between Arabic Language Education Students of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh originating from Ma'had and Non-Ma'had, where the management of students' learning competencies is more advanced. better than non ma'had graduate students. (2) There are differences in the average score of each aspect of the management of learning competencies of students of Ma'had graduates and students of non-Ma'had graduates. Aspects of self-supervision (controlling) of ma'had graduate students excel with an average difference of 0.08, Aspects of organizing themselves (organizing) of ma'had graduate students excel with an average difference of 0.17, Aspects of the ability to facilitate themselves (facilitating) ma'had graduate students with an average difference of 0.13, and motivating aspects of ma'had graduate students excel with an average difference of 0.06.
BUKU TERJEMAH KITAB TA’LIMU AL-MUTA’LIM; ANALISIS TEKS TERJEMAHAN ARAB-INDONESIA
Authors: Nisak Umi Choirun , Taufiq Mirwan Akhmad
Published: February 2021

This study discusses the analysis of the book translation of the book Ta'lim Muta'allim published by al-Hidayah. The book is one of the santri (moslem student) reference books to support students' understanding of the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) curriculum which uses the yellow book in their learning. The yellow book uses Arabic, so the translation of the book becomes very important. The focus of this research lies in the pattern of translation errors and justification of translations in accordance with the rules of Arabic and Indonesian dealing with lexicon, syntax and semantics. This qualitative research method uses an applied linguistic approach that focuses on error analysis. The primary data source in this research is the book translation of Ta'lim Muta'allim published by al-Hidayah, while the secondary data used in the study is a documentation technique by studying books and literacy that discusses the technique of translating properly and correctly according to structural , semantic and precise in terms of terminology. The results showed, including: Errors in the preparation of sentences in the target language, errors in the use of sentence effectiveness, errors in translating vocabulary, errors in aspects of omission or not translating aspects of vocabulary, phrases and sentences and errors in translating foreign terms.
الوسيلة السمعية البصرية في تعليم اللغة العربية استعراض الأدبيات:
Authors: Abdillah Fachrur Ridha , Muhammad Ismail Muhammad , Safariah Safariah
Published: February 2021

Some teachers still use conventional learning, as well as in media use, still use books, blackboards and rarely use audiovisual media, which causes students to feel bored, and make learning more monotonous, the emergence of this problem is caused by the many teachers who do not use audiovisual media, the purpose of this consideration is to describe the results of research using audiovisual media in learning Arabic, with the literature review method. by describing the results of research using audiovisual media in learning Arabic. The results of this research are that the use of audio visual media that from the Maharah Lughawiyah aspect is very important, and the use of audiovisual media from its effectiveness aspect, that the use of audiovisual media in learning is very effective. The implication of not using audiovisual media is that Arabic learning is more monotonous and boring and can affect student outcomes.
للغة العربية بالمرحلة المدرسة المتوسّطة 2017-2018 UAMBN تحليل المستوى المعرفي على بنود الأسئلة
Authors: Ma’wa Jannatun , Mahmud Salami , Hayati Salma
Published: February 2021

National Standard Madrasas Final Exam (UAMBN) is an activity of measuring and evaluating the achievement of national competency standards for graduates aimed at mapping the quality of education and measuring their achievement. The UAMBN is a form of testing that is held for all students at the end of high school. As for the cognitive level is the level of ability of students individually or in groups that can be translated into three cognitive levels (LOTS, MOTS, and HOTS). The research methodology used in this study is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. Then the data collection techniques in this study were obtained through the documentation of questions UAMBN 2017/2018 school year at the level tsanawiyah. Data were analysed in qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis (amount and percentage). Then the data were analysed descriptively by analysing in terms of cognitive level (LOTS, MOTS, and HOTS). The population in this study were all items of questions UAMBN 2017/2018 school year at the level tsanawiyah Arabic language which amounted to 40 question, and all populations were sampled for this study. The results of the cognitive level analysis research items UAMBN 2017/2018 school year at the level tsanawiyah there are 40 questions which all questions are multiple choice. In terms of quantitative questions for level LOTS found 8 questions (20%), then at level MOTS found 29 questions (72%), and at level HOTS found 3 questions (8%). As a whole the questions UAMBN Arabic language have not met the standards of good quality questions, because hey should be dominated by high level questions at this level (HOTS).
Aceh Besar أثر استخدام كتاب الجوهر المكنون بخريطة المفاهيم لسيطرة البلاغة في باب الإنشاء البلاغي بمعهد بيت الصبر
Authors: Fadhli. S Khairi , Qusaiyen Qusaiyen , Mubshirah Dara
Published: February 2021

Jauhar Al-Maknun is one Book in Balaghah that teach at Ma’had Baitusshabri. Some students difficult to understand it because it is written in syi’ir verse and has a little examples. In addition، teachers who teach in Class VI do not use Learning Media that makes it easy for students to understand their contents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of Jauhar Al-Maknun Book by using the mind mapping to the mastery of Balaghah in the Insya Chapter '. The research method used in this study is the Experimental Method. And the sample in this study was Class VI students، amounting to 15 students. The result of the study indicate that the learning of Jauhar Al-Maknun Book by using mind mapping influences the mastery of Balaghah in the Insya Chapter '.
MAN 3 Aceh Selatan محاولات المدرس لترقية قدرة الطلبة على مهارة الإستماع بــــ
Authors: Urmila Mira , Hamdiah Hamdiah , Fajriah Fajriah
Published: February 2021

Listening is one of the most important skills in learning arabic. Listening skill is the ability to listen to arabic words or sentences arabic and express them back from whas was heard. According to the observation result, the students at MAN 3 Aceh Selatan are weak in the learning of listening. The purpos of this study is to find out how the efforts teachers to increase the ability of students in listening skill. The research method used in this research is method qualitative-analysis. Data collection technique is to conduct interviews.The research subject was arabic language teachers at MAN 3 Aceh Selatan. As for the data analysis techniques in this study using Miles and Hubberman’stheories, are data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclution of data. The results of this study are the efforts of teachers in improving students listening skills at MAN 3 Aceh Selatan are by giving vocabularies to memorize making it easier for students to understand the material, and using the variety of learning methods, learning models and media so as to improve students attention in learning listening skills. The teacher uses the listening and revealed method and the teacher uses the media including songs, chain murders, cards, pictures, and cartoon films. The teachers gives motivation to students to increase enthusias and interes students.
Presentación y validación del Modelo de Excelencia Gestión Moderna de Servicios GEMSES
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Carlos
Published: February 2021

Management models with demonstrated usefulness are consistent and powerful tools helpful to transform organizations. Objetivos: en primer lugar, describir el Modelo de Excelencia Gestión Moderna de Servicios (GEMSES) como una opción para la gestión orientada a la excelencia en el ámbito de los servicios; además, presentar los resultados de los procesos de validación del modelo. Metodología: se hizo un estudio basado en la revisión documental para construir el modelo y combinó abordajes cualitativos y cuantitativos para validar el modelo. Resultados: GEMSES es un modelo integral basado en la combinación de variadas metodologías y la Teoría Sistémica. Se calculó la validez general de contenido (coeficiente= 0.94) y CRV’ (0.75) para validar sus componentes.  Para la validación por aplicación del modelo, el mismo se puso a prueba en un centro de servicios de salud.  Se observó un impacto de 62% en el nivel general de gestión. El nivel de gestión cambió de 34% to 94%. Los componentes con mayor impacto fueron cadena de valor, implementación de estrategias e investigación (100% cada uno). The components with a higher impact percentage were value chain, strategy implementation, and research (100% each). Capacitación (94%) y modelo de gestión (83%) también mostraron elevados porcentajes. Conclusión: GEMSES es un modelo consistente, poderoso e innovador cuya validez ha sido probada en términos de contenido y uso. Este modelo contribuye a elevar la excelencia de la gestión, tomando como punto de inicio las necesidades de los clientes y como meta, su satisfacción.
The impact of corporate governance on earnings management: Evidence from Greek listed firms
Authors: Kalantonis Petros , Schoina Sotiria , Kallandranis Christos
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we investigate whether the characteristics of boards of directors are associated with earnings management. By employing a sample of listed firms in the Athens Stock Exchange during the period from 2008 to 2016 and applying two different earnings management models (Dechow’s ’96 and DeAngelo’s ’86) to explore, via the discretionary accruals, for the presence of earnings management, we surprisingly found no evidence of almost any effect of the investigated board characteristics, except CEO duality. Besides, we also found significant variation over time. This finding confirms the unpresented effect of the sovereign debt crisis on Greek firms. The corporate governance legal framework has been improved since the mandatory adoption of the International Accounting Standards, at least from the listed firms in the Athens Stock Exchange in 2005. Under the new rules, more detailed corporate governance information is included in the firms’ financial reports during the last decade.
Chair-CEO age variation and insurance risk-taking behavior
Authors: Daradkah Demeh
Published: February 2021

Based on data of all listed insurance companies in Jordan over the period of 2008-2018, the study investigates the effect of chairman of the board of directors (chair) and chief executive officer (CEO) age variation on risk-taking behavior via different chair-CEO age variation proxies. Risk-taking behavior is measured by total risk, a proxy set up on the market’s risk perception. Thus, the study finds evidence that the chair-CEO age variation tends to decrease risk-taking practice in Jordan’s insurance companies, only if a generation gap exists. It doesn’t matter whether the chair or CEO is older. These results are consistent with Goergen, Limbach, and Scholz (2015) and Zhou, Kara, and Molyneux (2019). Different robustness tests (CEO-firm fixed effect, random effect, and dynamic panel estimation) confirm results. Overall, this study contributes to corporate governance literature; thus, enhancing the internal corporate governance mechanism is essential. Finally, it has a practical implication for stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers.