bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Quality of Gooditude
Authors: Munoz-Dardé Véronique
Published: August 2015

In this review essay, I first analyze the main tenets of Larry Temkin’s Rethinking the Good and, in particular, his claim that the goodness of state of affairs may not be transitive. I examine one of the key examples of the book, and how it is intended to underwrite this claim. Next I describe the difference between the threat of non-transitivity and the idea of incommensurability. I also consider the plausibility of what Temkin calls the Essentially Comparative View, and explore possible responses to examples of seeming non-transitivity. I also raise some doubts regarding Temkin’s interpretation of ‘the separateness of persons’ and Rawls’ complaints against utilitarians. Finally, I envisage whether Temkin’s theoretical perspective helps us understand practical dilemmas that organizations such as the World Health Organization face.
On Larry Temkin’s Rethinking the Good
Authors: Katz Leo
Published: August 2015

This essay offers a critique of Larry Temkin’s seminal new book, Rethinking the Good, at the heart of which is the highly counterintuitive claim that all things considered judgments are not transitive. I evaluate Temkin’s claims through the lens of social choice theory, pursue some of its larger implications and applications, and conclude with a very general worry having to do with the intimate connection between transitivity and logical consistency, namely whether, if Temkin is right, this would not bring all moral reasoning to an abrupt halt.
The Costs of Transitivity: Thoughts on Larry Temkin’s Rethinking the Good
Authors: Kagan Shelly
Published: August 2015

In Rethinking the Good, Larry Temkin argues that the common belief in the transitivity of better than (all things considered) is incompatible with various other value judgments to which many of us are deeply committed; accordingly, we should take seriously the possibility that the better than relation is not, in fact, a transitive one. However, although Temkin is right, I think, about the mutual incompatibility of the beliefs in question, for the most part his examples don’t leave me inclined to deny transitivity. Nonetheless, there is one example, involving infinity, that does seem to me particularly troubling.
Till Human Voices Wake Us
Authors: White Emily Kidd
Published: August 2015

The present paper is concerned with the role emotions play with respect to evaluative legal concepts, a class of concepts that require judges to interpret values in their application of the law. The paper focuses on the legal concept of human dignity, a central concept in international human rights law and in the constitutional practice of many states. Nearly every article or book written on the concept of human dignity begins by noting its resonance and the power of its promise. The affective dimension of the concept is, however, soon set aside by most scholars and legal practitioners in order to work out the term’s content. Against this trend, the paper explores the affective dimensions of the legal concept of human dignity.

Situated in the field of comparative human rights, the paper examines the various roles emotions play in judicial interpretations of the concept of human dignity in human rights and constitutional law. The paper begins by offering a working definition of emotion before setting out the challenge to legal theory and practice posed by evaluative legal concepts. It then sketches out the landscape of dignity jurisprudence and various key sites for the study of emotion. The paper then develops a typology of roles that emotions play in judicial interpretations of the legal concept of human dignity. The three roles that emotions play, orientation, tracker, and service, draw upon the unique features of emotions to enliven and direct judicial understandings of the concept. Emotions fulfill orientation roles when they imbue a concept with their own meaning, tracker roles when they react to the subject matter of the concept, and service roles when they guide the use of the concept. Each role contributes an additional layer of meaning to the concept by lending structure, and often a sense of importance and clarity, to judicial interpretations of human dignity.
“As a Father Shows Compassion for His Children”
Authors: Maroney Terry A. , Ackerman-Lieberman Phillip
Published: August 2015

Conventional wisdom holds that judges ought to be emotionless. Occasional counterclaims, however, have posited compassion as an essential element of judicial wisdom. When compassion is thus privileged, it is understood as uniquely parental.

We use as our lens two examples, one ancient and one modern: the disqualification, in the Babylonian Talmud, of childless men from judging capital cases on the ground that they are “devoid of paternal tenderness,” and Judge Julian Mack’s vision of the early 20th century juvenile court judge as a “wise and merciful father.” In both narratives judges are asked to have the capacity for empathy, which is believed to spark compassion, which in turn is predicted to manifest in mercy. In neither narrative, however, is this empathic arc seen as critical for judging in the ordinary case. A contemporary study showing the jurisprudential impact of fathering daughters represents a modern iteration of the judge-as-caring-parent meme.
Revision of the Australian Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) including the description of four new species
Authors: CAPA MARIA , BAKKEN TORKILD
Published: August 2015

A revision of the complete sphaerodorid (Sphaerodoridae, Annelida) collections housed in the three major Australian museums (The Australian Museum, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory and Museum Victoria) has been performed. Specimens of three of the four species described to date from Australian waters, Ephesiella australiensis, Sphaerodoropsis exmouthensis and Sphaerodoropsis fauchaldi, have been re-encountered, resulting in changes to their previously reported distribution range. Four additional species are herein described as new: Sphaerephesia hutchingsae n. sp., Sphaerodoropsis longofalcigera n. sp., Sphaerodoropsis megatuberculata n. sp. and Sphaerodoropsis wilsoni n. sp. Moreover, Sphaerodoropsis multipapillata heteropapillata is elevated to the rank of species. A formal description of other specimens, most likely belonging to undescribed species, is not possible due to insufficient material, but information about some of their morphological features is provided. Descriptions, iconography, geographical and ecological information of all species part of this revision is provided together with a key for identification to all Australian species. An evaluation of some of the traditional generic taxonomic features is made, considering the variation observed within the Australian species.
Decadal Sea Level Variations in the Indian Ocean Investigated with HYCOM: Roles of Climate Modes, Ocean Internal Variability, and Stochastic Wind Forcing*
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Han Weiqing
Published: August 2015

In this study decadal (≥10 yr) sea level variations in the Indian Ocean (IO) during 1950–2012 are investigated using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). The solution of the main run agrees well with observations in the western-to-central IO. Results of HYCOM experiments reveal large spatial variations in the mechanisms of decadal sea level variability. Within the tropical IO (north of 20°S), decadal sea level variations achieve maximum amplitude in the south IO thermocline ridge region. They are predominantly forced by decadal fluctuations of surface wind stress associated with climate variability modes, while the impact of other processes is much smaller. The Somali coast and the western Bay of Bengal are two exceptional regions, where ocean internal (unforced) variability has large contribution. Between 28° and 20°S in the subtropical south IO, surface heat flux and ocean internal variability are the major drivers of decadal sea level variability. Heat budget analysis for the upper 300 m of this region suggests that surface heat flux affects regional thermosteric sea level through both local surface heating and heat transport by ocean circulation. In the southwestern IO south of 30°S, where stochastic winds are strong, stochastic wind forcing and its interaction with ocean internal variability generate pronounced decadal variations in sea level. The comprehensive investigation of decadal sea level variability over the IO from an oceanic perspective will contribute to decadal sea level prediction research, which has a high societal demand.
Evaluation of Remotely Sensed Precipitation and Its Performance for Streamflow Simulations in Basins of the Southeast Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Sheng , Liu Suxia , Mo Xingguo , Peng Bin , Qiu Jianxiu , Li Mingxin , Liu Changming , Wang Zhonggen , Bauer-Gottwein Peter
Published: August 2015

Four satellite-based precipitation products [TMPA real time (T-rt), its gauge-adjusted version (T-adj), Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) real time (C-rt), and its gauge-adjusted version (C-adj)] were evaluated by a gauge-based synthesis dataset. Further, these products along with the CMORPH gauge–satellite blended version (C-ga), which is virtually C-adj in precipitation ungauged regions and is controlled by gauge analysis over regions of a dense station network, were intercompared with daily streamflow predicted by the distributed vegetation interface processes (VIP) model in the Lhasa and Gongbo basins of the southeast Tibetan Plateau. Results show these satellite-based products perform better in summer than in other seasons. Relative to the gauge-based synthesis dataset, for areal precipitation of the Lhasa basin from 2007 to 2010, biases of C-rt and T-rt are −10.49% and 157.88%, respectively. Biases of C-adj and T-adj are 3.42% and 24.12%, respectively. The C-rt bias is underestimation of the volume of observed rainfall correctly detected and overestimation of the volume of falsely alarmed rainfall, while T-rt bias comes from overestimation of the volume of observed rainfall correctly detected. Simulation efficiencies of stream discharges driven by T-adj and C-adj are better than those by T-rt and C-rt, which are consistent with the accuracies of these products. With benchmarked model parameters using the gauge-based dataset, C-adj presents well for simulation, while T-adj needs parameter recalibration to achieve good skills. Compared to T-adj and C-adj, better simulation could be obtained by C-ga in precipitation-gauged regions.
Forcing Mechanisms for an Internal Rear-Flank Downdraft Momentum Surge in the 18 May 2010 Dumas, Texas, Supercell
Authors: Skinner Patrick S. , Weiss Christopher C. , Wicker Louis J. , Potvin Corey K. , Dowell David C.
Published: August 2015

The forcing and origins of an internal rear-flank downdraft (RFD) momentum surge observed by the second Verification of the Origin of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) within a supercell occurring near Dumas, Texas, on 18 May 2010 is assessed through ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) storm-scale analyses. EnKF analyses are produced every 2 min from mobile Doppler velocity data collected by the Doppler on Wheels and Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching radars, as well as radial velocity and reflectivity data from the KAMA (Amarillo, Texas) WSR-88D. EnKF analyses are found to reproduce the structure and evolution of an internal RFD momentum surge observed in independent mobile Doppler radar observations.

Pressure retrievals of EnKF analyses reveal that the low-level RFD outflow structure is primarily determined through nonlinear dynamic perturbation pressure gradient forcing. Horizontal acceleration into a trough of low perturbation pressure between the low-level mesocyclone and mesoanticyclone and trailing the primary RFD gust front is followed by an abrupt deceleration of air parcels crossing the trough axis. This deceleration and associated strong convergence downstream of the pressure trough and horizontal velocity maximum are indicative of an internal RFD momentum surge. Backward trajectory analyses reveal that air parcels within the RFD surge originate from two source regions: near the surface to the north of the low-level mesocyclone, and in the ambient flow outside of the storm environment at a height of approximately 2 km.
Persistent and Pervasive Community
Authors: Hampton Keith N.
Published: August 2015

Two affordances of digital communication technologies, persistent contact and pervasive awareness, are ushering in fundamental change to the structure of community. These affordances break from the mobility narrative that has described community since the rise of urban industrialism, including accounts of networked individualism and a postindustrial or a network society. In contrast to images of late modernity, which suggest that mobility will be maximized to the point where people are nearly free from the constraints of time, space, and social bonds, persistent–pervasive community renews the constraints and opportunities of premodern community structure. As a result of persistence—a counterforce to mobility—relationships and the social contexts where they are formed are less transitory than at any time in modern history. Through the ambient, lean, asynchronous nature of social media, awareness supplements surveillance with the informal watchfulness typified in preindustrial community. It provides for closeness and information exchange unlike what can be communicated through other channels. Social media and the algorithms behind them generate not only context collapse but an audience problem that, when managed through a dynamic balance between broadcasting and monitoring content, enhances indicators of awareness and availability of social ties. Persistent–pervasive community represents a period of metamodernity. It is a hybrid of preindustrial and urban-industrial community structures that will affect the availability of social capital, the success of collective action, the cost of caring, deliberation around important issues, and how lives are linked over the life course and across generations.
Meta-Analysis Comparing Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin in Reducing Concentration of C-Reactive Protein in Patients With Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Ma Qian , Zhou Yujie , Zhai Guangyao , Gao Fei , Zhang Linlin , Wang Jianlong , Yang Qing , Cheng Wanjun
Published: August 2015

We conducted a meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials comparing the efficacy of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin in reducing concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). We searched PubMed, Ovid, and Elsevier databases until June 2014. Search terms included C-reactive protein or CRP, rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, randomized, randomly, and randomization; 13 trials (3798 patients) were included. Funnel plots for CRP were inspected to assess publication bias. The pooled analysis demonstrated the benefit of rosuvastatin over atorvastatin therapy for all 13 trials (mean difference [MD] = −0.11, which is standardized mean with no unit although the raw data before pooling is mg/L, 95% confidence interval −0.15 to −0.07, P < .0001) with no evidence of significant publication bias (I2 = 6.9%, P = .377). Subgroup analysis indicated a significant benefit of rosuvastatin over atorvastatin regarding the 1/1 dose ratio (MD = −0.14, 95% CI −0.21 to −0.06) and 1/2 dose ratio (MD= −0.11, 95% CI −0.16 to −0.05). Cumulative and influence analyses showed accuracy and stability for the estimation mentioned earlier. Our meta-analysis shows that rosuvastatin produces better reduction in CRP concentrations than atorvastatin at a dose ratio of 1/1 and 1/2 (rosuvastatin/atorvastatin), respectively.
Sulla diaspora della letteratura e cultura italiana
Authors: Fontanella Luigi
Published: August 2015

Questa recensione/articolo mette a fuoco due importanti antologie, pubblicate, ambedue, nel 2014 dalla Fordham University Press, il cui argomento riguarda lo sfaccettato e complesso fenomeno della letteratura e cultura italiana d'emigrazione sia negli Stati Uniti sia nel mondo.

Pubblicato originariamente in Italia, il primo volume Italoamericana: The Literature of the Great Migration, 1880–1943, curato da Francesco Durante, presenta un ricco patrimonio, fino ad oggi non del tutto accessibile e mai tradotto prima in inglese, di una larga varietà di testi: poesia, narrativa, teatro, giornalismo, testimonianze e cronache socio-politiche, biografia e autobiografia.

La seconda antologia, Poets of the Italian Diaspora, a cura di Luigi Bonaffini e Joseph Perricone, disegna un vasto quanto discutibile panorama della poesia moderna e contemporanea prodotta fuori dai confini italiani.

Nell'insieme, i due volumi additano a una componente significativa della storia culturale italiana espressa all'estero, che ha agito fecondamente non soltanto all'interno della storia italiana e italiana-americana tout court, ma anche in quella prodotta in vari paesi del mondo ai quali gli scrittori e intellettuali italiani espatriati hanno offerto uno stimolante contributo di idee e di creatività.
Implementing consecutive project-based learning in an antenna and propagation course
Authors: Aydın Elif , Kalayci Elif
Published: August 2015

In this study, a ‘consecutive-project-based learning’ structure applied to the antennas and propagation course is introduced. The first project, carried out with the faculty of management, aims to familiarize the teams with the challenges of ‘real life tender-like conditions’. In the following three projects, teams perform their assigned antenna projects. Each team researches the theoretical background, studies the main parameters of antennas and evaluates them. After designing, simulating, specifying the testing requirements of the antennas, each team makes one financial and one time budget. At the end of the term, each team makes a presentation to a jury. Finally, a questionnaire is conducted to evaluate the achievement of the outcomes. This paper focuses on the first two projects because they constitute the critical stages of the course as the first project enables inexperienced students to discover the issues they might face in a ‘real world’ project and draw lessons from that experience to be used in the more comprehensive following project. The first project’s aim is to equip the inexperienced students with elementary knowledge on working in a team; paying attention to time, budget, project phases and people management issues so that they can use that knowledge in the second project, thus learning takes place as a product of consecutive projects. Statistical information on the students’ academic performances is analyzed to observe if this course has improved their academic performance. The results indicate that ‘consecutive-project-based learning’ is an effective method in antennas and propagation course.
Social workers: Peer interaction and hospital integration
Authors: Albrithen Abdulaziz , Yalli Nadir
Published: August 2015

Healthcare has evolved rapidly in Saudi Arabia, based upon a Western model of service which incorporates multi-disciplinary professional teams. Social work practice forms part of patient care. However, little is known about how social workers are integrated into the hospital setting. This study aims to investigate the involvement of hospital social workers with other professionals (e.g. physicians, nurses, psychiatrists, and psychologists). The study uses a qualitative approach to collect its data through a process of semi-structured interviews. The interviews’ analysis indicated that medical social workers perceived limitations to effectively executing their tasks because of issues constraining the development of effective partnerships with other professional groups in the hospital.
Fabrication and mechanical properties of Ti/APC-2 hybrid nanocomposite laminates at elevated temperatures
Authors: Jen Ming-Hwa R , Chang Che-Kai , Sung Yi-Chun
Published: August 2015

The Ti/APC-2 hybrid cross-ply nanocomposite laminates were successfully fabricated by the modified diaphragm curing process. The titanium thin sheets were surface treated by chromic acid anodizing to achieve superior bonding with APC-2 laminates. The nanoparticles SiO2 were uniformly spread on the interfaces of APC-2. The tensile tests at room and elevated temperatures were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties. It is interesting to find a knee point in each stress–strain curve. To predict and verify the feature of knee point the residual stresses and strains were calculated by simple methods. Adopting the residual stress effect and rule of mixtures, the analytical stress–strain curves at elevated temperatures were obtained. The data and mechanisms of the knee point in hybrid laminates were verified and highlighted. The predicted results of ultimate strength, longitudinal stiffness and the knee point are all in very good agreement with the experimental data.
Education, Health, and the Default American Lifestyle
Authors: Mirowsky John , Ross Catherine E.
Published: August 2015

Education has a large and increasing impact on health in America. This paper examines one reason why. Education gives individuals the ability to override the default American lifestyle. The default lifestyle has three elements: displacing human energy with mechanical energy, displacing household food production with industrial food production, and displacing health maintenance with medical dependency. Too little physical activity and too much food produce imperceptibly accumulating pathologies. The medical industry looks for products and services that promise to soften the consequences but do not eliminate the underlying pathologies. This “secondary prevention” creates pharmacologic accumulation: prolonging the use of medications, layering them, and accruing their side effects and interactions. Staying healthy depends on recognizing the risks of the default lifestyle. Overriding it requires insight, knowledge, critical analysis, long-range strategic thinking, personal agency, and self-direction. Education develops that ability directly and indirectly, by way of creative work and a sense of controlling one’s own life.
Does religion promote environmental sustainability? – Exploring the role of religion in local energy transitions
Authors: Koehrsen Jens
Published: August 2015

This article explores the role of religion in local energy transition processes. By combining insights from (a) sustainability studies and (b) academic contributions on religion and sustainability, a theoretical approach for describing the role of religion in local energy transitions is developed. Religion is conceived of as a subsystem among other local subsystems that potentially contribute via their competences to energy transition processes. Three potential functions of religion are identified: (1) campaigning and intermediation in the public sphere; (2) ‘materialization’ of transitions in the form of participation in projects related to sustainable transitions; (3) dissemination of values and worldviews that empower environmental attitudes and action. These functions are studied in the case of the energy transition in Emden, a city in north-western Germany. Although religion attends, to some degree, each of the three functions, it does not assume a dominant role relative to other local subsystems. Actors from other social subsystems appear to take over these functions in a more efficient way. Consequently, in this highly environmentally active region, there are few indicators of a specific function of religion. These results shed a critical light on the previously held assumption that religion has a crucial impact on sustainability transitions.
Recycling Bodhisattva: The Tzu-Chi movement’s response to global climate change
Authors: Lee Chengpang , Han Ling
Published: August 2015

This article traces the emergence of climate change discourse and its related practices in one of the largest and globally most influential Taiwanese Buddhist organizations – Tzu-Chi (Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu-Chi Association). The authors analyse more than 500 volumes of Tzu-Chi’s periodicals and describe its recycling practice from the social organizational perspective. Our findings suggest that climate change discourse has emerged in recent years as a response to increasing natural disasters, particularly typhoons. Practices such as recycling are implemented in order to address this crisis through the cultivation of a disciplined inner self. The article compensates for the lack of current studies on what Buddhist organizations actually do for the environment and how they address climate change. It also offers a correction to the studies on environmental movements, in which religious environmentalism is often overlooked.
Les attitudes face aux changements climatiques et les actions pour la décroissance énergétique des chrétiens pratiquants : les effets des persuasions religieuses et du capital social
Authors: Leonard Rosemary J , Pepper Miriam D
Published: August 2015

This quantitative study of the attitudes towards climate change and energy reduction actions of Australian Christian churchgoers presents data from a series of national surveys, one of which is investigated in greater depth to identify the relationship between religious persuasion and social capital on the one hand and consumer energy reduction and ‘civic’ action on the other. Comparisons are made with reference to surveys of the Australian population carried out in 2006 and 2011. Churchgoers were found to be slightly more pro-environment than the Australian population as a whole in their attitudes and actions. Social capital was a stronger predictor of action, particularly civic actions, than environmental attitudes or religious persuasions. The norm of Christian responsibility for the environment was also a strong predictor of action. Because church leaders were trusted sources of information about climate change, they played an important role in fostering positive changes in attitudes and actions.
The prosperous hardliner: Affluence, fundamentalism, and radicalization in Western European Muslim communities
Authors: Delia Deckard Natalie , Jacobson David
Published: August 2015

Current literature finds that radicalization is correlated with both the holding of fundamentalist religious beliefs and low socio-economic status. The authors interrogate these proposed relationships through a survey we commissioned of 1,200 Muslims living in Western Europe. They analyze, inter alia, Islamic religious fundamentalism, and explore its relationship to self-reported affluence. Controlling for demographic variables, they find that, on average, respondents from more prosperous families are more likely to practice Islam in a way closely associated with fundamentalism – they are more conservative regarding gender roles, seek the universal application of Islamic law, and embrace attitudes associated with a more politicized Islam. This relationship is strengthened among respondents who are unattached to the labor market due to unemployment. Additionally, respondents espousing this belief set are more supportive of the use of violence to ‘defend their faith’.
Faith and crime in the construction of social coexistence in the outskirts of São Paulo
Authors: Abumanssur Edin S
Published: August 2015

This article discusses the coexistence of two seemingly disparate phenomena in the same urban environment, Pentecostalism and organised crime and violence. Both represent expressions of social living and identity formation in the outskirts of the metropolises. In these neighbourhoods, to be Pentecostal is a lifestyle choice that does not necessarily preclude participation in a criminal organisation called Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC; First Command of the Capital). The article first reviews studies dealing with the different ways in which religion and violence create interfaces in the daily lives of residents of the communities and then presents empirical observations of a Pentecostal community that has among its members one of the local leaders of the PCC. The study concludes that we are facing a new, unclassified Pentecostal phenomenon. This suggests the inadequacy or failure of the traditional concept of conversion in the face of the nature of religious affiliations in the outskirts of São Paulo.
Do rural migrants ‘float’ in urban China? Neighbouring and neighbourhood sentiment in Beijing
Authors: Wu Fulong , Logan John
Published: August 2015

Urban China reached 50% of the nation’s population by 2010, mainly as a result of massive rural–urban migration. There is substantial evidence of their social marginality in terms of occupational and housing opportunities. Here we ask about their incorporation into the neighbourhoods where they live. Rural migrants are called the ‘floating population’ in China, suggesting that their residence in the city is only temporary and that they are unlikely to develop strong local ties. This study contrasts the neighbourhood socialising of migrant tenants with that of urban homeowners who were born in the city. It draws on original survey research in Beijing that included questions on relations with neighbours and neighbourhood sentiment. It is found that migrants are more likely to engage in socialising and exchange of help with neighbours, and consequently their neighbouring helps strengthen their sentiment towards the neighbourhoods where they live. It is argued that contemporary social changes – including rising education and homeownership – may actually reduce neighbouring, while rural migrants’ marginality makes them more dependent on their local social network.
Determinants of rupture of the unscarred uterus and the related feto-maternal outcome: current scenario in a low-income country
Authors: Batra Kanika , Gaikwad Harsha S , Gutgutia Isha , Prateek Shashi , Bajaj Bindu
Published: August 2015

Background

Rupture of the gravid uterus is one of the most grievous obstetric events accounting for considerable maternal morbidity and mortality.

Materials and Methods

An audit over a period of 2 years from October 2010 to September 2012 was performed on pregnant women irrespective of gestational age who had a uterine rupture of a uterus, presumed to be unscarred.

Results

There were 141 ruptures among 43,886 deliveries (0.3%). Of those, 18 (12.8% of the ruptures and 0.04% of the deliveries) occurred in presumed unscarred uteri. The aetiologies were: obstruction 50%, uterine anomaly 22.2%, oxytocic administration 16.6 %, instrumental deliveries 5.5% and miscellaneous 11.1 %. Hysterectomy was performed in 55.6% of cases. Fetal mortality was 83.3% and maternal mortality was 16.6%.

Conclusions

Training of traditional birth attendants for early referrals, screening for uterine anomalies by ultrasound in early pregnancy and counselling the women, especially multiparas and grand-multiparas are mandatory. Oxytocin should only be used for those if the doctor who prescribed its use stays with the patient continuously and stops oxytocics as soon as there are reasonable contractions. In emergency, the decision to delivery time should be less than 30 min. These are some ways through which a tragic event like uterine rupture and its consequences can be averted.
What Is Wrong With Treating Followers Differently? The Basis of Leader–Member Exchange Differentiation Matters
Authors: Chen Xiao-Ping , He Wei , Weng Liang-Chieh
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we identify the basis of leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation as a crucial factor influencing the relationship between LMX differentiation and work group outcomes. Drawing from the relational theories of procedural justice, we theorize members’ task performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as the two main bases of LMX differentiation. We hypothesize that LMX differentiation will be less negatively related to intragroup relational quality and group proactivity when there is more task performance–based and/or OCB-based LMX differentiation within the group. Data from two field studies provide consistent evidence for the moderating effects of these two bases of LMX differentiation. In addition, the results of Study 2 show that the task performance–based LMX differentiation moderates the cross-level relationship between LMX differentiation and members’ procedural justice perceptions. At the group level, the procedural justice climate mediates the interactive effects of LMX differentiation and task performance–based LMX differentiation on group proactivity but not on intragroup relational quality. We discuss the theoretical and empirical implications of these findings in the organizational context.
The Paradox of Knowledge Creation in a High-Reliability Organization: A Case Study
Authors: Milosevic Ivana , Bass A. Erin , Combs Gwendolyn M.
Published: August 2015

We employed an instrumental case study of a multisystem hydroelectric power producer, a high-reliability organization (HRO), to explore how new knowledge is created in a context in which errors may result in destruction, catastrophic consequences, and even loss of human life. The findings indicate that knowledge creation is multilevel, nested within three levels of paradox: paradox of knowing, paradox of practice, and paradox of organizing. The combination of the lack of opportunity for errors with the dynamism of the HRO context necessitates that individuals work through multiple paradoxes to generate and formalize new knowledge. The findings contribute to the literature on knowledge creation in context by explicating the work practices associated with issue recognition, resolution, and refinement, and the formalization of knowledge in failure-intolerant organizations.
Meritocracies or Masculinities? The Differential Allocation of Named Professorships by Gender in the Academy
Authors: Treviño Len J. , Gomez-Mejia Luis R. , Balkin David B. , Mixon Franklin G.
Published: August 2015

This study analyzes differential appointments by gender to the rank of named professorship based on a sample of 511 management professors. This sample represents approximately 90% of our original survey sample of faculty at Tier 1 American research universities, with 10 or more years of experience since receiving their PhD, and whose contact information we could obtain online. Contrary to the tenets of the meritocratic evaluation model, we find that, after controlling for research performance and other factors, women are less likely to be awarded named professorships, particularly when the endowed chair is awarded to an internal candidate. Furthermore, we find that women derive lower returns from their scholarly achievements when it comes to appointments to endowed chairs. Our study suggests that a masculine-gendered environment dominates management departments, leading to shifting standards when it comes to the highest senior appointments in academe.
Using Transparency to Enhance Responsiveness and Trust in Local Government
Authors: Porumbescu Gregory A.
Published: August 2015

Increasingly, local governments view transparency as a means of (re)connecting with a citizenry that, by many accounts, has grown distant. By improving the public’s access to government information, the expectation is that seeds for more responsive and trustworthy local government will be sown. Yet, empirical assessments of the relationship between transparency, responsiveness, and trust in local government have been mixed. Therefore, the intention of this article is to provide an overview of prior research that attempts to conceptually, and empirically, tie transparency to greater responsiveness and trust in local government. Based upon this review of the literature, implications for effective practice are discussed.
Practising care in teenage mother support groups
Authors: Ellis-Sloan Kyla
Published: August 2015

This article draws on two qualitative research projects with teenage parents and examines their use of support groups. It argues that group-based programmes such as the ones discussed here convey particular advantages in providing support for young parents which may not be possible in a one-to-one context. These include peer learning, the development of friendships as a form of social support and respite. The article argues, however, that for these potentials to be realised, an underpinning ethic of care is required. Using Joan Tronto’s four phases of care (caring about, caring for, caregiving and care receiving) and their concomitant elements (attentiveness, responsibility, competence and responsiveness) the practices of the group leaders in providing support are analysed. The article concludes by arguing that ‘writing in’ an ethic of care approach to policies designed to support teenage parents would be beneficial for service provision.
The Denkbild (‘Thought-Image’) in the Age of Digital Reproduction
Authors: Tschofen Monique
Published: August 2015

This article examines an experimental genre of philosophical writing known as the Denkbild (‘thought-image’) practiced by members of the Frankfurt School to show how it is resurrected in the Augmented Reality installation of the artist-scholar Caitlin Fisher. It argues that Circle (2012) renews the Frankfurt School’s project of reaching to art to find a way for critical theory to bring about ‘a transformation of consciousness that could become a transformation of reality’. However, as a material and virtual artifact that produces a unique circuit of exchange, the digital artwork is able to provide a sharper picture of that reality, positing community as the context and goal of philosophical thinking. Through a complex sculpting of its form, content, and image of its own thoughts, Fisher’s Denkbild strives to create a fluid, ‘disconnected and non-binding’ form capable of building what Adorno described as a ‘shared philosophy from the standpoint of subjective experience’.
Imagining society: Logics of visualization in images of immigrant integration
Authors: Boersma Sanne , Schinkel Willem
Published: August 2015

This paper looks at how expert and scientific graphic images of immigrant integration in the Netherlands and Germany portray a distance between minority groups and a dominant imagination of society. It specifically explicates the ways “images of alterity” in assessments of immigrant integration are visually structured by means of a pictorial display of spatial markers of distance. It does so by means of a close examination of the visual expression of Dutch and German national classification systems relating to immigrant integration. Using analytical tools from visual studies, the paper illustrates the ways immigrant integration images enable a “seeing” or “imagining of otherness” by means of a spatialization of the relation between “society” and “immigrant groups,” and it shows how such a spatialized visualization has performative effects.
The calm after the storm
Authors: Totenhagen Casey J. , Butler Emily A. , Curran Melissa A. , Serido Joyce
Published: August 2015

We examined whether seven relational constructs (satisfaction, commitment, closeness, conflict, ambivalence, maintenance, and love) showed significant within-person residual variance over time (variability), whether couple members were similar in their variability (covariation), and whether variability and covariation differed by relationship length. We used dyadic daily diary data from 157 couples together from 2 months to 44 years. Each relational construct significantly varied within person from day to day, and couple members significantly covaried. Longer term couples generally experienced less variability than newer couples. We also found that for satisfaction, closeness, ambivalence, and love, couple covariation decreased in longer relationships. We discuss how these findings can be used to help individuals work to maintain greater stability in their feelings about the relationship.
My mother’s husband
Authors: Thorsen Maggie L. , King Valarie
Published: August 2015

Adolescents in stepfamilies use different labels when describing their stepfather, such as “stepfather” or “mother’s husband.” These labels may reflect youths’ sense of family identity or dynamics. The current study uses nationally representative data (Add Health) on a sample of adolescents living with their mothers and a married stepfather ( n = 1192) to examine factors that may be associated with how teens describe their stepfather and changes in this labeling over a year. Findings suggest that closeness with nonresident fathers increases the likelihood that teens avoid the stepfather label, while closeness with mothers increases the likelihood that they adopt the label. Closeness with their stepfather was not associated with how they label him. Other characteristics of the stepfamily are also important predictors of stepfather labeling.
Whole body computed tomography for trauma patients in the Nordic countries 2014: survey shows significant differences and a need for common guidelines
Authors: Wiklund E , Koskinen SK , Linder F , Åslund P-E , Eklöf H
Published: August 2015

Background

Whole body computed tomography in trauma (WBCTT) is a standardized CT examination of trauma patients. It has a relatively high radiation dose. Therefore, well-defined clinical indications and imaging protocols are needed. This information regarding Nordic countries is limited.

Purpose

To identify Nordic countries’ WBCTT imaging protocols, radiation dose, and integration in trauma care, and to inquire about the need for common Nordic guidelines.

Material and Methods

A survey with 23 multiple choice questions or free text responses was sent to 95 hospitals and 10 trauma centers in and outside the Nordic region, respectively. The questions were defined and the hospitals selected in collaboration with board members of “Nordic Forum for Trauma and Emergency Radiology” ( www.nordictraumarad.com ).

Results

Two Nordic hospitals declined to take part in the survey. Out of the remaining 93 Nordic hospitals, 56 completed the questionnaire. Arterial visualization is routine in major trauma centers but only in 50% of the Nordic hospitals. The CT scanner is located within 50 m of the emergency department in all non-Nordic trauma centers but only in 60% of Nordic hospitals. Radiation dose for WBCTT is in the range of 900–3600 mGy × cm. Of the 56 responding Nordic hospitals, 84% have official guidelines for WBCTT. Eighty-nine percent of the responders state there is a need for common guidelines.

Conclusion

Scanning protocols, radiation doses, and routines differ significantly between hospitals and trauma centers. Guideline for WBCTT is presently defined locally in most Nordic hospitals. There is an interest in most Nordic hospitals to endorse new and common guidelines for WBCTT.
CT texture analysis can help differentiate between malignant and benign lymph nodes in the mediastinum in patients suspected for lung cancer
Authors: Andersen Michael Brun , Harders Stefan Walbom , Ganeshan Balaji , Thygesen Jesper , Torp Madsen Hans Henrik , Rasmussen Finn
Published: August 2015

Background

In patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma NSCLC the lymph node staging in the mediastinum is important due to impact on management and prognosis. Computed tomography texture analysis (CTTA) is a postprocessing technique that can evaluate the heterogeneity of marked regions in images.

Purpose

To evaluate if CTTA can differentiate between malignant and benign lymph nodes in a cohort of patients with suspected lung cancer.

Material and Methods

With tissue sampling as reference standard, 46 lymph nodes from 29 patients were analyzed using CTTA. For each lymph node, CTTA was performed using a research software “TexRAD” by drawing a region of interest (ROI) on all available axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) slices covering the entire volume of the lymph node. Lymph node CTTA comprised image filtration-histogram analysis undertakes two stages: the first step comprised an application of a Laplacian of Gaussian filter to highlight fine to coarse textures within the ROI, followed by a quantification of textures via histogram analysis using mean gray-level intensity from the entire volume of the lymph nodes.

Results

CTTA demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the malignant and the benign lymph nodes ( P = 0.001), and by binary logistic regression we obtained a sensitivity of 53% and specificity of 97% in the test population. The area under the receiver operating curve was 83.4% and reproducibility was excellent.

Conclusion

CTTA may be helpful in differentiating between malignant and benign lymph nodes in the mediastinum in patients suspected for lung cancer, with a low intra-observer variance.
Cytologic Diagnosis of Heterobilharzia americana Infection in a Liver Aspirate From a Dog
Authors: Le Donne V. , McGovern D. A. , Fletcher J. M. , Grasperge B. J.
Published: August 2015

Heterobilharzia americana is a trematode of the Schistosomatidae family that infects dogs, raccoons, and other mammals as definitive hosts. This parasite is considered endemic in the southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts; however, only a few cases are reported. A 7-year-old dog from Louisiana was referred for persistent hypercalcemia, hyperglobulinemia, and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasound revealed diffuse hyperechogenicity of the liver with several hyperechoic nodules of varying size. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates of the liver revealed few ovoid to round basophilic thin-walled eggshell fragments and rare ciliated miracidia. H. americana eggs were identified on fecal sedimentation.
Catastrophic fixes: cyclical devaluation and accumulation through climate change impacts
Authors: Johnson Leigh
Published: August 2015

This paper investigates the scales and temporalities through which climate change impacts may be rendered into socio-ecological fixes for crises of overaccumulation within the (re)insurance industry. The property insurance and catastrophe reinsurance sectors are notorious for their cyclicity, with prices and returns oscillating dramatically between “soft” and “hard” markets. The problem of overaccummulation in soft market periods is often resolved by the destruction of reinsurers' capital reserves through huge catastrophic losses. This is typically followed by the revision of catastrophe models and reestimation of exposed values, processes which absorb additional (re)insurance capital and provide technoscientific legitimacy for raising rates. Reframing climate change risk in terms of ecologically-sourced devaluation suggests that, rather than posing an immediate existential threat, in the short to medium term the uncertain impacts of global climate change might constitute a recurrent “catastrophic fix” for particular segments of financial capital. This highlights both the productivity of uncertainty about climate change impacts and the limits of presuming that the operations of the private insurance market can produce a built environment more adapted to climate change. Rather, the more likely outcome is splintering protectionism: a patchwork of high risk, high reward areas where insurance is available only to those with the ability to pay rising premiums, leaving the state to manage the retreat and relocation of less remunerative properties and populations.