bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research protocol for a mixed-methods study to characterise and address the socioeconomic impact of accessing TB diagnosis and care in Nepal
Authors: Dixit Kritika , Rai Bhola , Prasad Aryal Tara , Mishra Gokul , Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha Noemia , Raj Paudel Puskar , Levy Jens W. , van Rest Job , Chandra Gurung Suman , Dhital Raghu , Biermann Olivia , Viney Kerri , Lonnroth Knut , Squire S Bertel , Caws Maxine , Wingfield Tom
Published: February 2020

Background: WHO’s 2015 End TB Strategy advocates social and economic (socioeconomic) support for TB-affected households to improve TB control. However, evidence concerning socioeconomic support for TB-affected households remains limited, especially in low-income countries.

Protocol: This mixed-methods study in Nepal will: evaluate the socioeconomic impact of accessing TB diagnosis and care (Project 1); and create a shortlist of feasible, locally-appropriate interventions to mitigate this impact (Project 2). The study will be conducted in the Chitwan, Mahottari, Makawanpur, and Dhanusha districts of Nepal, which have frequent TB and poverty.

The study population will include: approximately 200 people with TB (Cases) starting TB treatment with Nepal’s National TB Program and 100 randomly-selected people without TB (Controls) in the same sites (Project 1); and approximately 40 key in-country stakeholders from Nepal including people with TB, community leaders, and TB healthcare professionals (Project 2).

During Project 1, visits will be made to people with TB’s households during months 3 and 6 of TB treatment, and a single visit made to Control households. During visits, participants will be asked about: TB-related costs (if receiving treatment), food insecurity, stigma; TB-related knowledge; household poverty level; social capital; and quality of life.

During Project 2, stakeholders will be invited to participate in: a survey and focus group discussion (FGD) to characterise socioeconomic impact, barriers and facilitators to accessing and engaging with TB care in Nepal; and a one-day workshop to review FGD findings and suggest interventions to mitigate the barriers identified.

Ethics and dissemination: The study has received ethical approval. Results will be disseminated through scientific meetings, open access publications, and a national workshop in Nepal. 

Conclusions: This research will strengthen understanding of the socioeconomic impact of TB in Nepal and generate a shortlist of feasible and locally-appropriate socioeconomic interventions for TB-affected households for trial evaluation.
PHYTOMETRIC INDICATORS OF PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER RYE
Authors: Talanov Ivan , Huzina Gulina , Talanov Pavel
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of field studies on the assessment of methods of presowing seeds treatment on different nutritional backgrounds. The experiments were conducted on the experimental field of Agrochemistry and Soil Science Department of Kazan State Agrarian University in 2015-2018 on gray forest medium loam granulometric composition of the soil with a humus content according to Tyurin 3.4%, absorbed bases 18.4 mmol/100 g, hydrolytic acidity 3.9 mmol/100 g, P2O5 and K2O according to Kirsanov, respectively 179 and 151 mg per kg soil, salt pH 5.6. Experiment design: Factor A - Presowing treatment of seeds: 1. VialTT- disinfectant (2 kg/t); 2. Extremely high frequency therapy - 15 minutes; 3. Extremely high frequency therapy - 30 min .; 4. Extremely high frequency therapy - 15 m. + VialTT; 5. Extremely high frequency therapy - 30 m. + VialTT. The options for pre-sowing seed treatment in the tables will be indicated by numbers from 1 to 5. Factor B - Nutrition backgrounds: 1. Without fertilizers; 2. NRK at 4.0 tons per hectare. The results of studies showed that the maximum accumulation of dry plant biomass (6.79 tons per hectare), an increase in leaf surface area (49 thousand m2 ha), high photosynthetic potential (3017 thousand m2 x day/ha), better control over the spread and development of root rot (P - 23%, R - 9.3%) and the maximum yield of winter rye grain (3.88 tons) from 1 ha occurred against the background with the introduction of mineral fertilizers calculated at 4.0 tons per hectare and application of electromagnetic processing “Extremely high frequency therapy - 30 min. + VialTT disinfectant - 0.5 litre per ton "for pre-sowing seed treatment.
METHODOLOGY FOR DIVIDING THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN ON AGROLANDSCAPE AREAS ON THE BASIS OF ZONING OF ITS NATURAL-CLIMATE CONDITIONS
Authors: Trofimov Nikolay , Sochneva Svetlana , Panasyuk Mihail
Published: February 2020

At present, the scientific and practical physical and geographical zoning of territories is of great importance for resolving issues of maintaining ecological balance. The applied value of such zoning is the definition of individual natural complexes that differ in natural conditions and natural resources, which subsequently allows us to optimize the conservation of ecological balance [1]. In this regard, it is necessary to pay more and more attention to such types of zoning and zoning of the territory of the republic as: agroclimatic; physical and geographical; natural agricultural; soil erosion; agricultural soil. For land management purposes on an adaptive-landscape basis, it is necessary to take into account all available recommendations and scientific developments on zoning and zoning of the territory of the republic for the proper environmentally sound organization of the territory. Taking into account such environmental indicators as agricultural development, plowing, forest cover, anthropogenic load for on-farm land management on an adaptive-landscape basis, zoning and zoning of the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan were carried out. During the research it was revealed that the environmental stability of the territory is deteriorating in the Republic of Tatarstan, which imposes new requirements on the design of environmental protection measures in order to eliminate the negative consequences of anthropogenic origin.
DENSITY OF SEEDING, FIELD SIMILARITY AND STRUCTURE OF SPRING WHEAT CROP, DEPENDING ON VARIETY AND PRESEEP TREATMENT OF SEEDS
Authors: Shashkarov Leonid , Mefod'ev Georgiy , Balykin Aleksey , Serzhanov Igor
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the formation of planting density and spring wheat crop structure depending on varietal characteristics and seed dressing in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic. Varieties Margarita, Simbirtsit and Prokhorovka were studied. The second factor is seed treatment in three grades: 1. Without treatment (control). 2. Seed treatment with Benlat. 3. Seed treatment with Nano-Gro. The results of the analysis of the formation of field germination of seeds, the safety of plants and elements of the structure of the crop are presented. The effect of Nano-Gro in combination with the seed dresser Benlat was also studied. It has been shown that pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with Nano-Gro solution increases the formation of planting density, field germination and the structure of the spring wheat crop (Terekhov MB, 2000; Kodanev I.M., 1984; Makarova V.M., 1995; Shashkarov L.G., 2018; Tolstova S.L., 2018; Aleksandrova A.N. 2018). The formation of highly productive crops is influenced by field germination of seeds. At least 400-500 plants per 1 m2 should be considered the optimal density of seedlings of grain crops in the Chuvash Republic with a sowing rate of 6 million germinating grains per 1 ha, and field germination of 70-80% is achieved (Kodanev I.M., 1984). In our studies, the density of seedlings and field germination of seeds depended on both varietal characteristics and meteorological conditions that developed during the sowing - seedlings.
LIMITATIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE INCREAYIELD IN TAJIKISTAN SE OF WHEAT
Authors: Otambekova Munira , Solihov Bahriddin , Husenov Bahromiddin , Mumindzhanov Hafiz
Published: February 2020

Wheat is a major crop with a key role for food security in Tajikistan. A clear understanding of the major constraints and opportunities relating to wheat production and sustainability in farmers’ fields is therefore required. Monitoring of pests, diseases and weeds in the wheat fields of different sizes, located in different agricultural zones in Tajikistan and at different altitudes, was conducted during (2003–2016). A questionnaire on wheat production and sustainability, seeking overall information about farms and specific data on crop management practices, was applied. The results showed that the agronomic knowledge of Tajik farmers was generally poor and that wheat yield was low, affecting social, economic, and environmental sustainability. The farms surveyed were generally small, growing winter wheat for human consumption year after year. Seeds were hand-broadcast at the optimal sowing time, without chemical treatments and either wheat or technical crops were used as preceding crops. The low knowledge status of wheat farmers influenced crop performance and were correlated with lack of crop rotation, while the lack of pest management resulted in high levels of weeds and severe insect damage. Wheat production on small farms still relied heavily on manual labor, while larger farms used more machinery. Most of the Tajik wheat varieties and lines screened were found to be susceptible to at least one of the diseases screened for, i.e., stripe rust, leaf rust, and common bunt. Our findings demonstrate a need for concerted action to overcome wheat yield constraints and achieve sustainabшlity in crop production in Tajikistan. Education of farmers appears key to improving social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Use of certified seed of suitable wheat varieties and appropriate crop management practices, including weed control while also taking biodiversity into consideration, are other important measures for increasing wheat yield and improving sustainability
VALUE OF PREDECESSOR IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTENSIFICATION OF GRAIN PRODUCTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Minikaev Ragat , Fatihov Dinar
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of a long-term analysis of the organization of the crop rotation system, saturated to varying degrees with grain crops in comparison with the permanent cultivation of winter wheat, barley and also permanent clean fallows on the gray forest soil of Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Crop rotations with clean and occupied fallows were studied: pure fallows-winter rye - spring wheat; vetch-oat mixture - winter rye - spring wheat; peas for grain - winter rye - spring wheat. The accounting area of the plots was 800 m2. The experiment was repeated three times; the options were randomized. The experience is based on two backgrounds of fertilizers: medium and high. Fertilizers were calculated by the calculation and balance method for a given yield. For the average background, the given pea yield per grain was 2.0 tons per hectare, vetch-oat mixture per green mass - 20.0 tons per hectare, winter rye - 2.5 tons per hectare. For an increased background, pea yield per grain was set at 3.0 tons per hectare, vetch-oat mixture per green mass - 28.0 tons per hectare, winter rye - 3.0 tons per hectare. A relatively high yield (3.7-3.9 tons per hectare) of pure steam on calculated fertilizer backgrounds was achieved due to uniform seed placement (91.9%), good field germination (85.4-88.4%) and more intensive growth and development of winter rye. However, it should be emphasized that the yield of winter rye in occupied pairs is not inferior to the yield in pure fallows in years with optimal moisture.
Characteristics of growth, flowering and corm yield of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri) genotypes at third growing period
Authors: MOHAMMAD TAJUDDIN  , Santosa Edi , DIDY SOPANDIE  , ADOLF PIETER LONTOH
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Tajuddin M, Santosa E, Sopandie D, Lontoh AP. 2020. Characteristics of growth, flowering and corm yield of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri) genotypes in third growing period. Biodiversitas 21: 570-577. Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is an emerging crop for producing glucomannan, and it is predominantly cultivated in agroforestry systems. The study aimed to evaluate characteristics of growth, flowering, and production of genotypes in the third growing period in order to develop new clones. The experiment used 2-year-old corm of ten genotypes, i.e. BKB, CF, CR, LSP, SB, SBM, SG-BKK, SGH, SR and STS. The corms were planted in June 2018 to May 2019 in the field under 45% artificial shading net. Plant growth was evaluated on weekly basis from bud emergence until dormant. Flowering rate was ratio the number of corms with flower to number of planted corms in each replication. Corm dry mass was measured after harvest, which was conducted at dormant stage at 46 weeks after planting. Candidate clone was selected from the highest total score of five criteria i.e. flowering rate, corm shape, corm healthiness, marketable yield, and total yield. Results demonstrated that genotypes exhibited variation in growth, flowering rates, and yield. Based on emerging time, three genotypes (SB, SGH, SG-BKK) were classified as early emergence, five genotypes (CF, CR, LSP, SBM, STS) as a medium, and two genotypes (BKB, SR) as the late emergence. All genotypes produced inflorescence at rate 1 to 52%, and 3 genotypes (CF, CR, STS) had flowering rate >20%. Five genotypes (CR, LSP, SBM, SGH, STS) had an average corm weight > 1500 g. CR and SBM genotypes produced the largest average corm weight, i.e., 2,509.33 g and 2,129.25 g, respectively, while the BKB produced the smallest one (912.94 g). All genotypes had similar dry mass content, i.e., 18.73-20.70%. The scoring evaluation recommended CR, SBM, and STS genotypes as candidates of new clones with productivity > 30 ton/ha. It needs further evaluation of selected clones in the farmer production field.
Lipase-producing ability of bacteria from inasua (fish fermented product) from Central Moluccas, Indonesia
Authors: Anggriani Latusi , SRI BUDIARTI  , NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Anggriani L, Budiarti S, Mubarik NR. 2020. Lipase-producing ability of bacteria from inasua (fish fermented product) from Central Moluccas, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 622-628. One of fish preservation techniques through fermentation is Inasua which occurs spontaneously and involves various types of microorganisms. Isolates from Inasua are believed to have the ability to produce lipolytic enzymes. The purpose of this study was to identify potential bacterial isolates isolated from Inasua and to determine their lipase producing ability. The confirmation test of lipase-producing ability was conducted by inoculating the microbes into media containing Nutrient agar (NA), olive oil, and rhodamin-B. Lipolytic bacteria were detected using a screening method with UV light. From the results, there were 5 isolates of bacteria that showed lipolytic activity as IG 3.1, IG 6, IG 10, IG 12, IG 66. Lipase assay was determined using spectrophotometric method with p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) as a substrate and titration method with olive oil as a substrate. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pNPP as a substrate. IG 6 and IG 12 gave the highest activity from lipase assay. Growth and production curves were created before partial purification was carried out. The results of the curves showed that the optimum activity of IG 6 and IG 12 were in the stationary phase with value 38.16 U.mg-1 protein and 7.01 U.mg-1 protein, respectively. After ammonium sulfate precipitation, the activity of the lipase IG 6 and IG 12 were found to be 39.65 U.mL-1 and 37.05 U.mL-1, respectively. During optimization, the enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 8/70°C temperature. Molecular identification by using the 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates IG 6 and IG12 are closely related to Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus kochii, respectively.
Medicinal plants and practices of Rongkong Traditional Healers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Mustofa Fanie Indrian , Rahmawati Nuning , Aminullah
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Mustofa FI, Rahmawati N, Aminullah. 2020. Medicinal plants and practices of Rongkong Traditional Healers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 642-651. Ethnomedicine reflects the fusion of tradition, natural resources, and local knowledge of the community in maintaining health. However, this knowledge is facing the threat of disappearance due to poor documentation and socio-cultural alteration. This study was conducted to find out information about species of plants used and related practices by traditional healers to overcome health problems. The study was conducted in Rongkong, North Luwu District, South Sulawesi Province. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to obtain informants demographic data, species of medicinal plants, traditional medicine ingredients, parts used, methods of remedies preparation and use, as well as various ailments that can be treated by medicinal plants. The data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively, by calculating the family and species use-value. The study revealed medicinal plants used and practices by Rongkong traditional healers to treat 31 ailments. They used a total of 62 species of medicinal plants distributed among 33 botanical families and 55 genera. Allium cepa has the highest UV among all medicinal plants in Rongkong. Both traditional knowledge and medicinal plant diversity possessed by Rongkong community are valuable local assets that must be maintained and developed for greater benefits.
Short Communication: Roosting behavior of Wintering Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Nor Adibah , ABDILLAH BAGIR ABDUL KADIR AL JUFRI  , UMMI NUR SYAFIQAH DAUD  , SHUKOR MD. NOR  , MOHAMMAD SAIFUL MANSOR
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Ismail NA, Jufri ABAK, Daud UNS, Nor SM, Mansor MS. 2020. Short Communication: Roosting behavior of Wintering Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) in Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 21: 661-665. The East Asian Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica gutturalis primarily breeds in China, Japan, and Korea, typically migrates to Southeast Asia during winter, including Malaysia. To date, knowledge regarding population of Barn Swallow are limited to their breeding grounds and other subspecies (e.g., European Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica rustica). A previous study on Barn Swallow wintering in Malaysia was conducted approximately 50 years ago and mainly focused on population dynamics. The objective of the present study was to investigate the roosting behavior of wintering Barn Swallows in a major roosting site, Bentong, central Peninsular Malaysia, from October 2018 to March 2019. Scan sampling at 5-min intervals was used to examine the roosting behavior of the swallows perching on service wires (i.e., electricity and telephone wires). We found that the swallows began to roost an average of 10 minutes after sunset and slept 55 minutes later. However, cloudy and rainy weather significantly affects swallow roosting period, leading them to perch earlier, 5 minutes before sunset. The pattern of roosting behavior was somewhat similar throughout the migration season, except in the early migration season (October), which was likely inconsistent due to their early adaptation to the town environment. Behavioral scan sampling revealed that swallows spend most of the time motionless, followed by preening. However, anthropogenic disturbances disrupt their behavior and sleep time. We also noted that this communally roosting bird behaved gregariously on wires, particularly at sites illuminated by light, which is likely an anti-predator mechanism.
Development strategy for ecotourism management based on feasibility analysis of tourist attraction objects and perception of visitors and local communities
Authors: Harianto Sugeng Prayitno , Walid masruri Niskan , Winarno Gunardi Djoko , Tsani Machya Kartika , Santoso Trio
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Harianto SP, Masruri NW, Winarno GD, Tsani MK, Santoso PJT. 2020. Development strategy for ecotourism management based on feasibility analysis of tourist attraction objects and perception of visitors and local communities. Biodiversitas 21: 689-698. Liwa Botanic Gardens (LBG), Lampung, Indonesia ecotourism development must be carried out as an effort to develop nature tourism with the most careful consideration in its management, without temporary benefits orientation, and the doers must have benchmarks in the process of sustainable development so that the next generation can utilize it in their time. This study aims to determine the management conditions and potential of Tourist Attraction Object (TAO) that have been operating — knowing the perceptions of tourists and local people. The method used is (i) scoring; (ii) assessing the perception of satisfaction of tourists and local people; (iii) doing intensive interviews with area managers and community leaders; (iv) identifying problems using the SWOT matrix; (v) constructing a development strategy. Data collection techniques with accidental sampling method with a total of 130 respondents based on tourist visits at the time of the study. The management of the LBG was previously managed by the Forestry Service until 2016, and in 2017 the management was handed over to the West Lampung Research and Development Agency (Balitbang). The results showed that overall, TAO gets a feasibility rating to be developed. The perception of tourists is quite satisfied with the attractions offered and the services of the manager. The community is satisfied with the ongoing management. The community wants are always to be involved in the development process. Researchers give advice on the examination of the management and marketing system in introducing the LBG to increase local and foreign tourist visitors.
Agelasines B, D and antimicrobial extract of a marine sponge Agelas sp. from Tahuna Bay, Sangihe Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Balansa Walter , Wodi Stevy Imelda Murniati , Rieuwpassa Frets Jonas , Ijong Frans Gruber
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Balansa W, Wodi SIM, Rieuwpassa FJ, Ijong FG. 2020. Agelasines B, D and antimicrobial extract of Agelas sp. from Tahuna Bay, Sangihe Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 699-706. The alarming growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the discovery of new antibiotics including those for combating life-threatening ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp) and fish pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to identify antimicrobial compounds from an extract of a marine sponge collected from Enepahembang coral reef, Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sponge was identified by DNA barcoding as Agelas sp. and its extract was evaluated against three ESKAPE bacteria (S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii) and three fish pathogenic bacteria (A. hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio parahaemolyticus), using the standard disk diffusion method. It showed moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (25.3 mm), K. pneumoniae (15.5 mm), A. baumannii (20.2 mm), A. hydrophila (20.5 mm), E. tarda (22.4 mm) and A. salmonicida (21.2 mm). The extract was isolated by chromatographic techniques (column chromatography, flash chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography). The structures and relative stereochemistry of the two compounds were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data analysis as well as by comparison with reported values. Unfortunately, limited amount of the pure compounds prevented us from further evaluating their antimicrobial activity against the test bacteria. Nevertheless, the crude extract's strong antimicrobial activity, especially against the test Gram-negative bacteria, suggests the importance of this finding in light of the recent antimicrobial drug scarcity but rapid antimicrobial resistance and the emerging paradigm of antimicrobial drug modification, redirection and/or repurposing for discovering new antibiotics particularly against the life-threatening Gram-negative bacteria.
Ecological services of agroforestry systems in selected upland farming communities in the Philippines
Authors: Baliton Romnick , LANDICHO LEILA , Cabahug Rowena Esperanza , ROSELYN F. PAELMO  , Laruan Kenneth , Rodriguez Ramil , ROBERTO G. VISCO  , ARNOLD KARL A. CASTILLO
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Baliton RS, Landicho LD, Cabahug RED, Paelmo RF, Laruan KA, Rodriguez RS, Visco RG, Castillo AKA. 2020. Ecological services of agroforestry systems in selected upland farming communities in the Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 707-717. A study was conducted in three selected upland farming communities in Nueva Vizcaya, Benguet and Quezon, Philippines to assess the ecological services of agroforestry systems. Results showed that alley cropping was the dominant agroforestry system in Nueva Vizcaya, while vegetable-based and coffee-based multistorey systems were found prevailing in Benguet and Quezon provinces. Agrobiodiversity assessment revealed that the values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index of agroforestry systems in the three study sites were considered to be low to moderate, ranging from 2.21 to 2.71. This validates that the number of individuals per species in the agroforestry landscape was not evenly distributed. The means of biomass in the three study sites, ranging from 106.22-127 tons ha-1, were higher than that of agroforestry systems (102.80 tons ha-1) in the Philippines. The agroforestry systems in Nueva Vizcaya had the largest carbon stock of 57.15 ton C ha-1, followed by Quezon 52.96 ton C ha-1 and Benguet 47.80 ton C ha-1. These results are comparable to the overall mean of carbon stock of tree plantations (59.0 ton C ha-1) and higher than that of agroforestry systems in the Philippines, i.e., 45.4 ton C ha-1. Therefore, this article argues that the different agroforestry systems provide ecological services in the upland farming communities in the Philippines.
Conservation of tropical tree biodiversity through macropropagation by shoot cutting of raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon), a highly utilized dipterocarp in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Susilowati Arida Susilowati , Sri Hartini Kansih , Elfiati Deni , Rachmat Henti Hendalastuti , Kusuma Yosie Syadza , Sinaga M. Zulham Efendi , Suhartati Tati
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Susilowati A, Hartini KS, Elfiati D, Rachmat HH, Kusuma YS, Sinaga MZE, Suhartati T. 2020. Macropropagation by shoot cutting of raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon), a highly utilized dipterocarp in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 724-730. Cotylelobium melanoxylon (Hook.f.) Pierre, or locally named raru, is one of native tree species from North Sumatra that has many uses for its wood and medicinal purposes for anti-diabetic, anti laxative and blood coagulation. C. melanoxylon has been experiencing short supply due to its limited natural distribution, forest degradation, illegal harvesting for its wood and bark and uncertain fruiting season of the species. Along with these alterations, C. melanoxylon population has been decreasing. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of C. melanoxylon propagation by shoot cutting. Randomized factorial design with 2 factors was employed in this research. The first factor (factor A) was the cutting media (i.e. topsoil only; topsoil and sand with proportion of 1:1 v/v), and the second factor (factor B) was commercial auxin addition (i.e. 1g/100cuttings; without auxin). The observed parameters were survival percentage, rooted percentage, number of primary and secondary root, length of primary and secondary root and root histology. The results showed that the interaction between media and auxin addition did not have any significant effect on all tested parameters. The average survival percentage was 70-90% and rooting percentage was 50-90%. Adventitious root formation on C. melanoxylon cutting was originated from cell differentiation on wounded area near cambium, followed by root primordia formation and root meristem formation. The success of artificial propagation technique for this species will provide basic practice of C. melanoxylon cultivation and may contribute to the effort of ex situ conservation for valuable and threatened tree species.
The growth of flower bud, life history, and population structure of Rafflesia arnoldii (Rafflesiaceae) in Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SUSATYA AGUS
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Susatya A. 2020. The growth of flower bud, life history, and population structure of Rafflesia arnoldii (Rafflesiaceae) in Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 792-798. The life history of Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. is the reflection of the complex interaction between flower bud development and the external environments in order to reach its optimal survivorship. The objectives of the study were to determine the growth of flower buds at various development stages, to reconstruct the life history, and to know the population structure of R. arnoldii. The study was carried out at Taba Penanjung, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Two populations consisting of 17 individual buds of R. arnoldii were selected for the research. All buds were categorized into six visible stages, mapped, measured their diameters, and recorded their fates every two weeks for six months. The exponential model of growth development was applied to reconstruct the life history. The results showed that buds from the perigone stage respectively grew 3.5 and 12 times faster than those from the bract and cupule stages. The exponential growth of flower bud was confirmed, and explained by Y = 0.785 e0.0052 X, where Y and X were respectively diameter and age of flower bud. The complete life history of R. arnoldii required 3.5 to 5 years, where a female flower needed a longer time than a male flower. The population structure of R. arnoldii was not constant, but changed dynamically over time. The dynamics of population structure was mainly caused by the high mortality of small buds and the low flower bud recruitment.
Plant diversity and nutrient substances of native edible plant: Case study in Suka Maju and Tamao Villages, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Sulvi Purwayantie  , Suryadi. U. E
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Purwayantie S, Suryadi UE. 2020. Plant diversity and nutrient substances of native edible plant: Case study in Suka Maju and Tamao Villages, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 842-852. The existence of plant diversity which is wild, indigenous and edibles, needs to be preserved. The research locations in Suka Maju and Tamao Village, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia were chosen based on population density. The purpose of this study was to determine the plant diversity and nutritional potential from both of regions. The study method used sampling survey and the data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that from a total of 110 plants, the three local plant names were subjected to one species and nine species were found in both locations. So that from 98 plants consisting of 44 fruits (14 of table fruits and 30 fruits of suka-suka), 30 vegetables and mushrooms, 14 seasonings, 7 nuts, 3 cereals, and tuber. The discovery of rare genera reported from West Kalimantan, they are Hydnocarpus sp, Hodgsonia sp, and Hypoxylon spp. The highest proximate content of carbohydrate is from joluk kusuk seeds (C. lacryma jobil), fats from kepayang seeds (P. edule) and dangkuk seeds (Hydnocarpus sp), protein from sengkubak leaves (A. papuana), ash from keranji (Hypoxylon spp) and dangkuk. The highest Fe and Zn mineral content were found from sengkuang fruit (D. dao) and tepus leaves (E. foetidum), respectively. The results of this survey became an initial recommendation in the development of local wisdom for local food security.
Method of reducing thermal-induced errors of a fiber optic gyroscope by adding additional winding layers
Authors: Zhang Yunhao , Gao Zhongxing , Zhang Yonggang , Yang Liu
Published: February 2020

Thermal-induced errors have a significant impact on the environmental adaptability of a fiber optic gyroscope (FOG). Reasonable winding methods can reduce and offset the thermal-induced errors. However, complex methods put higher requirements on winding accuracy. By adding additional winding layers on the outer surface of the fiber coil, an improved winding method to reduce the temperature error of FOG is proposed in this paper. Simulations in temperature-control conditions and time-varying temperature conditions are performed. Simulation and experimental results show that additional winding layers lead to a satisfactory reduction of thermal-induced rate errors. With parameter estimation and error compensation, thermal-induced errors can be further reduced.
Impact of nonlinear effects on transmission losses of hollow-core antiresonant negative curvature optical fiber
Authors: Wu Shouyue , Siwicki Bartlomiej , Carter Richard M. , Biancalana Fabio , Shephard Jonathan D. , Hand Duncan P.
Published: February 2020

We investigate the impact of input pulse duration and peak power of a femtosecond laser on pulse broadening and propagation losses in selected hollow-core antiresonant fiber (HC-ARF). The mixed effects of strong self-phase modulation and relatively weak Raman scattering broaden the spectral width, which in turn causes a portion of the output spectrum to exceed the transmission band of the fiber, resulting in transmission losses. By designing and setting up a gas flow control system and a vacuum system, the nonlinear behavior of the fiber filled with different pressurized gases is investigated. The experimental results show that replacing the air molecules in the fiber core with argon can weaken pulse broadening and increase the transmittable peak power by 14 MW for a given 122 MW input, while a vacuum system can reduce the nonlinearity to a larger extent, therefore enhancing the transmission of HC-ARF by at least 26 MW.
ABER performance investigation of LDPC-coded multi-hop parallel underwater wireless optical communication system
Authors: Li Ang , Wang Ping , Pang Weina , Chen Wenwen , Liu Sheng , Guo Lixin
Published: February 2020

The average bit error rate (ABER) performance of a low-density
parity-check (LDPC)-coded multi-hop parallel underwater wireless
optical communication (UWOC) system is investigated with the combined
effects of absorption, scattering, the misalignment characterized by
the beam spread function, and the ocean turbulence-induced fading
modeled by log-normal distribution. With the max-min criterion as the
best path selection scheme, the cumulative distribution function for
identically and independently distributed and non-identically and
independently distributed links are derived, respectively. Then, the
analytical ABER expressions of binary phase shift keying and multiple
phase shift keying subcarrier intensity modulation schemes are deduced
with the help of the Gauss–Laguerre quadrature rule, and they
are also confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, LDPC codes
are applied in the simulation to improve the system performance. The
results show that the combined degrading effects are mainly limited by
the link length, especially under the coastal ocean condition. And the
multi-hop parallel transmission demonstrates good ABER performance and
can expand the communication range in ocean. Furthermore, LDPC codes
can significantly improve the ABER performance of the UWOC system, and
the coding gain is strongly affected by channel conditions and the
corresponding parameters of LDPC codes. This work is beneficial for
the UWOC system design.
Analysis of Brillouin dynamic grating localized by intensity-modulated correlation-domain technique for distributed fiber sensing
Authors: Okawa Youhei , Yamashita Rodrigo Kendy , Kishi Masato , Hotate Kazuo
Published: February 2020

We numerically analyzed reflection spectrum of Brillouin dynamic grating localized by intensity-modulated correlation-domain technique. Furthermore, based on the results, we proposed a novel modulation technique achieving better spatial resolution for distributed fiber sensing along a polarization-maintaining fiber.
Spatially entangled Airy photons
Authors: Lib Ohad , Bromberg Yaron
Published: February 2020

Over the past decade, Airy beams have been the subject of extensive research, leading to new physical insights and various applications. In this Letter, we extend the concept of Airy beams to the quantum domain. We generate entangled photons in a superposition of two-photon Airy states via spontaneous parametric down conversion, pumped by a classical Airy beam. We show that the entangled Airy photons preserve the intriguing properties of classical Airy beams, such as free acceleration and reduced diffraction, while exhibiting non-classical anti-correlations. Finally, we discuss the advantages offered by entangled Airy photons for high-dimensional free-space quantum communications.
Engaging, validating, imagining: A comic-based approach to (non)participation and empowerment
Authors: Madrid-Manrique Marta
Published: February 2020

This article engages with art education and disability justice through a story narrated using comics. Lorena's Story is a short graphic narrative that explores the complexity of taking responsibility for (non)participation during a participatory animation workshop for children and young people with disabilities. The story inspires a reflective process that questions the model of empowerment present in participatory video literature, validates the diverse ways of being in the world with disabilities and inspires a different notion of empowerment. Within arts-based educational research methods, the comic story is a site of knowledge that aims to provide a sense of integrity, sincerity and authenticity.

Este artículo se compromete a establecer una conversación entre el área de educación artística y el reclamo de justicia social de los estudios de discapacidad a través del arte del cómic. La historia de Lorena es una narrativa breve que expresa la complejidad de tomar responsabilidad de la (no)participación durante un taller participativo de animación para niños, niñas y jóvenes con discapacidad. La historia inspira un proceso reflexivo que cuestiona el modelo de empoderamiento presente en la literatura de video participativo, valida diversas formas de ser en el mundo con discapacidad, e inspira una nueva noción de empoderamiento. Dentro de los métodos de investigación educativa basada en las artes, la historia del cómic es un espacio de conocimiento que se propone generar integridad, sinceridad y autenticidad.
Social interaction development in inclusive art rooms1,, 2
Authors: Gross Kelly M.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of inclusive postmodern visual arts education for students with emotional disabilities (ED) in the area of social interaction development. This research focuses on the ability of students to build art skills and change social interaction skills through constructivist pedagogical approaches. Mixed-methods case studies were implemented over a period of two semesters with three students, three teachers and two high schools in the United States. Pedagogical approaches that emphasized student interaction and personal choice allowed students to effectively interact with peers and led to student engagement. The findings from this study indicate that over time the students in visual arts developed fluency and skills in artmaking, which led to confidence in their work and better peer relationships.
Design of a Socioscientific Issue Unit with the Use of Modeling: The Case of Bees
Authors: Puig Blanca , Evagorou Maria
Published: February 2020

A major aim of science education reform documents (Achieve, 2013) is for K-12 students to engage in scientific practices to facilitate a better understanding of the processes and the aspects of doing science (Bybee, 2014). In this design case we present the design of a teaching unit on a socioscientific issue (SSI) that can potentially engage learners in modeling and argumentation. The unit focuses on the controversy about the declining population of honeybees. The “Should we care about the bees?” unit engages the participants in the practice of modeling for explaining and arguing about the causes, consequences, and possible solutions related to the problem of the bees. Our unit aims to illustrate how to address the intersections between science and society and to promote scientific practices in science learning and teaching. Two university science educators from different countries worked together to design and re-design the teaching unit. Initially the unit was designed in order to promote the exploration of the socio-scientific issue through argumentation, but after an initial implementation we decided to focus on modeling the issue as well. The final design product is a seven-week unit. In this paper we discuss design challenges and decisions of using an SSI based unit that promotes learning and teaching SSIs in the context of scientific practices.
Building a Software Tool to Explore Subjectivity in the Classroom: A Design Case
Authors: Rieber Lloyd
Published: February 2020

Q methodology provides a unique mixed-methods means of examining subjectivity through the use of an activity called a Q sort in which participants must sort a list of given items within a predetermined sorting form. Although Q methodology has a long history as a research tool, its use as an instructional tool has not been extensively explored. This is unfortunate because the Q sort activity—an element of Q methodology—offers instructors with an evidence-based approach to helping individual students understand their own subjective points of view while also helping to reveal distinctive subjective profiles or perspectives held by all students in the class. One reason why Q sorts may not have been embraced by instructors is perhaps the fact that it is difficult to prepare a Q sort in its traditional, paper-based form. A prototype of a Q sort software tool was built to meet this challenge. The purpose of this paper is to present the story of the current design of this tool. Four categories of design iterations developed over a four-year period are presented and discussed.
PRACTICE EXPERIENCE AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Mazzetto Silvia
Published: February 2020

This paper formulates an insight into the importance of practice experience in project management success and the apparent lack of emphasis placed on this within the context of university education. Against the background literature, a review will be conducted into how well university education prepares the future project managers in the area of the practical project learning approaches. The paper provides an example of approaches currently being implemented in the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning at College of Engineering in Qatar University and models, strategies of effective practices for embedding enterprise and employability in higher education, in respect to the specific project experiences which are mandatory for the management of the running projects in Doha, Qatar. The paper describes the primary components of the theoretical research including the course program in Construction and Project Management, its integration with other courses, the cooperation required to support the interdisciplinary emphasis, and the establishment of an innovative academic/industry partnership to provide a state-of-the-art physical and technological infrastructure to support the program goals. The research concludes that the efficiency of interaction between theory and practice in the construction industry needs to be further examined, and some limitations and debates remain awaiting further investigation.
A STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING ELECTRO-MIGRATION CHARACTERISTIC OF CHLORIDE IONS IN CONCRETE
Authors: Ujike Isao , Kawaai Keiyu
Published: February 2020

As one of the methods to evaluate the durability performance of reinforced concrete structure for the deterioration due to chloride attack, there is a migration test method. The effective diffusion coefficient by migration test method fluctuates with changes in the pore structure of concrete. In this study, focused on the changes of the pore structure with elapse of age of concrete, the objective of this study is to assess the influence exerted on electro-migration characteristic caused by the type of aggregates and with the condition of early age curing. It is confirmed that the resistibility to the movement by the migration test method of the chloride ion was increased by using non-ferrous slag fine aggregates. In the test specimen using sandstone of 40-65% of water-cement ratio, it is presumed that the increase in the effective diffusion coefficient of chloride ion is caused by the fact that the volume of continuous pore or pore size by the curing method and age of concrete become bigger.
SCISSORING ORIGAMI INSPIRED DEPLOYABLE BRIDGE FOR A DISASTER
Authors: Adachi Kotaro , Ario Ichiro , Chikahiro Yuki , Ono Shuichi
Published: February 2020

Many natural disasters cause not only critical situations for facilities and resident's life, but also significant damage to economy. It is obvious that quick rescue action must be undertaken and that there are many problems due to the occurrence of secondary disasters at rescue work-site. For example, many bridges were damaged by a huge earthquake in 2011 in Japan’s Tohoku areas, called the Great East Japan Earthquake. We need to develop a new rescue structure to survive these disasters. We have to consider how to rebuild damaged infrastructures and how to build a new type of rescue system. Therefore, we suggest a new type of emergency bridge, Mobile bridge(MB). In this paper, we discuss the scissors type of bridge in order to evaluate its numerical approach including a reinforced strut and characteristics. Moreover, we analyze the design method of calculation model based on theoretical equilibrium theory based on origami-folding engineering.
DIAGNOSIS OF BRIDGE BEARINGS BASED ON FIELD MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Shibasaki Naho , Ikeda Mariko , Sakano Masahiro
Published: February 2020

Bridge bearings are the structural members which are installed at the connection between superstructure and substructure of a bridge, thus it is crucial to maintain bearing functions as structural members. If bearing functions are declined, it is possible for the structure of the whole bridge to be changed and have an effect on functions of superstructure and substructure. Thus, maintaining functions of bearings is not negligible. Generally, “Visual inspection” is indicated as a standard method. However, it is difficult to evaluate the deterioration degree of bearing functions with “Visual inspection” only. Therefore, we have studied to establish a qualitative evaluation method regarding basic functions required for bridge bearings as structural members based on measuring displacement and strain. In this study, measuring displacement and strain in the bridge in service was carried out, and evaluating the deterioration degree of bearings with the evaluation method proposed was attempted.