bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-speed reconstruction of long-duration gravitational waves from extreme-mass-ratio inspirals using sparse dictionary learning
Authors: Badger Charles , Font José A. , Sakellariadou Mairi , Torres-Forné Alejandro
Published: September 2024

Measuring accurate long-duration gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) could provide scientifically fruitful knowledge of massive black hole populations and robust tests for general relatively during the LISA mission. However, the immense computational requirements surrounding EMRI data processing and analysis makes their detection and analysis challenging. We further develop and explore a sparse dictionary learning (SDL) algorithm to expeditiously reconstruct EMRI gravitational waveforms lasting as long as 1 year. A suite of year-long EMRI systems are studied to understand the detection and accurate waveform retrieval prospects of the method. We show that full-year EMRIs can be reconstructed within 2 minutes, some with a false alarm rate less than 0.001  yr−1 and with 1.16 day time windows with mismatch as low as 0.06. This provides an encouraging prospect to use the SDL method for long-duration gravitational wave searches like that for EMRIs in this study.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Strong coupling yields abrupt synchronization transitions in coupled oscillators
Authors: Ocampo-Espindola Jorge L. , Kiss István Z. , Bick Christian , Wedgwood Kyle C. A.
Published: September 2024

Coupled oscillator networks often display transitions between qualitatively different phase-locked solutions—such as synchrony and rotating wave solutions—following perturbation or parameter variation. In the limit of weak coupling, these transitions can be understood in terms of commonly studied phase approximations. As the coupling strength increases, however, predicting the location and criticality of transition, whether continuous or discontinuous, from the phase dynamics may depend on the order of the phase approximation—or a phase description of the network dynamics that neglects amplitudes may become impossible altogether. Here we analyze synchronization transitions and their criticality systematically for varying coupling strength in theory and experiments with coupled electrochemical oscillators. First, we analyze bifurcations analysis of synchrony and splay states in an abstract phase model and discuss conditions under which synchronization transitions with different criticalities are possible. In particular, we show that such conditions can be understood by considering the relative contributions of higher harmonics to the phase dynamics. Second, we illustrate that transitions with different criticality indeed occur in experimental systems. Third, we highlight that the amplitude dynamics observed in the experiments can be captured in a numerical bifurcation analysis of delay-coupled oscillators. Our results showcase that reduced order phase models may miss important features that one would expect in the dynamics of the full system.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Examining the impact of green entrepreneurship drivers on sustainable development in the context of emerging country
Authors: Mondal Sourav , Singh Saumya , Gupta Himanshu
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Green entrepreneurship (GE) is a novel concept in business and enhances environmentally friendly production and operation activities for “sustainable development” (SD). The aim of this study is to determine the drivers that contribute to the growth and success of “micro, small, and medium enterprises” (MSMEs) in the manufacturing sector in India. The study also examines the mutual and cause-and-effect relationships among these identified drivers.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used integrated research methodology and identified nine key drivers of GE (GEDs) through extensive literature reviews, theoretical perspectives (i.e. “resource-based view” (RBV), “natural resource-based view” (NRBV) and “critical success factor theory” (CSFT)), and expert opinions. Further, “total interpretive structural modeling” (TISM) and “matrice d'impacts croisés multiplication appliquée á un classment” (MICMAC) analysis are used here to develop a hierarchical model and cluster the drivers, and fuzzy “decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory” (fuzzy-DEMATEL) is used to develop causal relationships among the drivers. Further, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to ensure the robustness of the results.

Findings

Results indicated that green manufacturing and operation capability development, green business process management and attitudes toward developing sustainable business models significantly impacted GE and SD. The findings of this study help managers, policymakers, and practitioners gain an in-depth understanding of the drivers of GE.

Research limitations/implications

The study considers a limited number of drivers and is specific to Indian manufacturing MSMEs only. Further, a limited number of experts from different enterprises are considered for data analysis. This study is also based on interrelationships and their relative importance based on multicriteria decision-making techniques. This study aids government decision-making, policy formulation and strategic decision-making for manufacturing businesses in achieving SD goals. In addition, this research also encourages green entrepreneurs to start eco-driven companies and facilitate the use of environmentally friendly goods to offset environmental challenges and accomplish sustainable development goals.

Originality/value

This study proposes an integrated methodology that will benefit managers, practitioners and others in developing strategies and innovations to improve and develop green practices. This study further helps with responsive, sustainable business development in various manufacturing MSMEs.
Fracture modeling in composite structures containing orthotropic materials by incorporating strain orthogonal decompositions into phase-field method of interfacial damage
Authors: Vu Ba-Thanh , Le-Quang Hung , He Qi-Chang
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The phase-field method of interfacial damage is used to simulate the damage in composite structures containing the brittle orthotropic materials and their interface.

Design/methodology/approach

In the brittle fracture modeling, the strain tensor is decomposed into positive and negative parts characterizing tension and compression behaviors. By requiring an elastic energy preserving transformation involving the elastic stiffness tensor, these two strain parts must satisfy the orthogonality condition in the sense that the elastic stiffness tensor responds as a metric. However, most of the recent phase-field methods for brittle fracture do not verify this orthogonality condition. Additionally, to describe the damage in structures with anisotropic phases, recent studies have used multiple phase-field variables, with each preferential orientation represented by a phase-field variable to describe the bulk damage of component materials. This approach increases the complexity of simulation procedure. These disadvantages motivate the present study aimed at enhancing the simulation method.

Findings

The present study improves the phase-field method of interfacial damage by (1) incorporating the strain orthogonality condition into the phase-field method; (2) using only one phase-field variable instead of multiple phase-field variables to simulate damage in component orthotropic phases; and (3) investigating the interaction between interfacial damage and bulk damage as well as the effect of orientation tensor of preferential orientation in each orthotropic phase and the interfacial parameters on crack branching in composite structures.

Originality/value

Through several simulation examples, the present simulation method is proven to be accurate, effective, and helps the simulation process simpler than previous relevant methods.
Investment in tax haven jurisdiction by Indian MNCs: a conceptual study
Authors: Shanmugam Velmurugan Palaniappan , Arunima P.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to understand the investments made by Indian MNCs in different tax havens to optimize their tax liabilities. The study also aims to provide insights into the conceptual framework of such practices, highlighting potential benefits and risks and providing policy recommendations that promote transparency, fairness and sustainable economic practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The study involves a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative aspect analyzes investments made by Nifty 50 companies in tax haven jurisdictions from the financial data of the parent company from 2019 to 2023. The qualitative aspect involves a conceptual framework developed from previous studies and examining the role of various organizations in combating tax avoidance. This mixed-method approach enables a comprehensive understanding of the motivations, impacts and regulatory responses related to the use of tax havens.

Findings

The paper provides conceptual and descriptive insights on investments made by Indian MNCs in tax havens during 2019–21 to save tax. The study suggests that while investing in tax havens, businesses give more priority to ease of doing business and other considerations such as a lower tax rate.

Research limitations/implications

The present study suggests policymakers about the effectiveness of current tax laws and their enforcement, highlighting loopholes and potential avenues for modification.

Originality/value

This paper assesses the reasons for Indian MNCs starting subsidiaries and making investments in different tax haven jurisdictions and suggests appropriate measures to avoid the menace of tax havens.
Holacracy: redefining organizational ontology and epistemology
Authors: Robledo Marco Antonio A.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine Holacracy as a self-management system and its implications for organizational theory. By exploring its distinctive ontology and epistemology, the paper explains how Holacracy redefines organizational structures and contributes to organizational change.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a conceptual approach, this essay draws upon existing literature to explore Holacracy’s departure from conventional organizational theories.

Findings

The paper discusses how Holacracy challenges traditional organizational concepts, defining its holarchical approach, and emphasizing dynamic hierarchies and role-based organization. It also highlights Holacracy’s focus on emergent intelligence, continuous feedback loops and structured knowledge acquisition through roles and organization spaces. By examining its unique ontology and epistemology, the paper offers insights into how Holacracy aligns with an emergent paradigm known as integral, metamodern or teal.

Research limitations/implications

Further empirical research is needed to assess its practical implementation and long-term effects on organizational performance and employee well-being. Future studies could also explore challenges and limitations associated with adopting Holacracy in different organizational contexts.

Practical implications

Organizations considering alternative ways of working should examine Holacracy. Implementing Holacracy requires understanding its principles and may involve significant changes, with potential benefits such as increased agility and employee engagement.

Social implications

Holacracy’s departure from traditional structures and approach to power can have broader social implications and contribute to more democratic and participatory cultures.

Originality/value

This paper is a pioneering contribution to the under-researched domain of alternative organizational models. It sheds light on the originality and distinctiveness of Holacracy, highlighting its unique approach to hierarchy, role-based organization and consciousness within organizations.
Street food in the digital era: unraveling the influence of food vloggers credibility and information quality on consumer intentions
Authors: Bhagat Sheetal , Khanna Suvidha , Sharma Priyanka , Bhat Dada Ab Rouf
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of credibility and information quality (IQ) of online food vloggers on consumer attitude and purchase intention towards street food consumption. It also examines the relationship between consumer attitude and purchase intention influenced by online food vlogger reviews in North India.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to evaluate the framework, primary data were gathered from 389 street food consumers located in Jammu, Chandigarh and Delhi – cities situated in northern India. The collected data were then subjected to analysis using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques.

Findings

The results indicate that the perceived value of street food, influenced by the credibility of food vloggers and the quality of information provided, has a positive impact on consumer attitude and purchase intention towards street food consumption. A positive impact of consumer attitude on the purchase and consumption of street food was also observed.

Originality/value

This research offers a thorough investigation into the elements that influence consumers' opinions regarding vloggers endorsements. The findings reveal that consumer's attitudes towards vloggers recommendations are mainly influenced by the quality of information provided, followed by credibility and the intention to make a purchase. Furthermore, this research is of significance to practitioners and academics interested in comprehending consumer behavior in the realms of tourism and food-related endeavors.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2024-0158
Redefining academic trajectories: A comprehensive analysis of the factors and impacts of the gender gap in STEM higher education
Authors: Beroíza-Valenzuela Francisca , Salas-Guzmán Natalia
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the key factors contributing to gender disparities in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields and propose creative solutions to mitigate these differences. Despite the significance of this issue, it has not received sufficient attention owing to the absence of clarity regarding the factors that exacerbate the gender gap.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a qualitative methodology that combined the viewpoints of social psychology and educational research to pinpoint and evaluate essential elements. Using a grounded theory approach, semistructured interviews were analyzed, and the obtained data were coded and categorized using ATLAS.ti software.

Findings

This qualitative research identified three key areas: internal and external factors influencing the gender gap, as well as strategic actions within higher education to address these disparities. The innovative contribution of this study lies in its development of a comprehensive theoretical framework that enables the diagnosis, quantification and understanding of these factors and proposes practical measures to mitigate these gender disparities. By promoting greater gender diversity, the proposed model can contribute to more inclusive and sustainable development, which is consistent with the 2030 agenda.

Originality/value

This study highlights the need for a multidimensional approach to address the gender gap in higher education, fills a crucial knowledge gap and provides a theoretical model to guide effective university policies.
Strategic insights: mapping the terrain of artificial intelligence (AI) in banking through mixed method approach
Authors: Meena Rahul , Mishra Akshay Kumar , Raut Rajdeep Kumar
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to supplement and update previously published articles about artificial intelligence (AI) instruments and operations in banking sectors with the following objectives in mind: to understand the role of AI in banking sectors; to explore the themes and context in this area based on keywords, co-citations and co-words; and to identify future research direction by evaluating the trend and direction of previous research.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a semi-inductive approach with the convolution of bibliometrics and literature review. This study used bibliometrics for the identification of literature across multiple databases and systematic literature review on identified articles to explore heterogeneous sectors within AI in banking and finance.

Findings

This study contributes a literature-based model that accounts for both the broadly in AI application in banking and finance: predictive modeling in risk assessment and detection; financial decision-making; client service delivery; and emerging FinTech applications of AI and machine learning.

Originality/value

This study is among the few to address the literature of tools and application of AI in banking through mixed-methods approach and produce a synthesized model for the same.
The role of tourism entrepreneurial ecosystems to support sales growth of European countries
Authors: Abdelli Mohammed El Amine , Moussavou Jean , Perez-Encinas Adriana , Rodríguez-Crespo Ernesto , Pinto Borges Ana , Akbaba Atilla , Levy-Tadjine Thierry , Chabaud Didier
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Our comprehensive study, which is highly relevant to the current state of the tourism industry, investigated the extensive impact of tourism entrepreneurial ecosystems (TEE) on sales growth in European countries based on a sample of 109 entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach

We studied 109 entrepreneurs in the tourism sector in Germany and France and analyzed the data using quantitative methods.

Findings

The results showed that financing and funding, networks, technological and international trade affect the sales growth of the tourism entrepreneurs. In addition, the uneducated workforce, legal and political factors as well as TEE do not influence the sales growth.

Originality/value

These findings have significant and practical implications for entrepreneurs and policymakers in the tourism industry, providing them with valuable insights for decision-making.
A single amino acid substitution in the Borna disease virus glycoprotein enhances the infectivity titer of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped virus by altering membrane fusion activity
Authors: Akiba Yusa , Matsugo Hiromichi , Kanda Takehiro , Sakai Modoka , Makino Akiko , Tomonaga Keizo
Published: September 2024

Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV‐1) causes acute fatal encephalitis in mammals, including humans. Despite its importance, research on BoDV‐1 cell entry has been hindered by low infectious viral particle production in cells and the lack of cytopathic effects, which are typically useful for screening. To address these issues, we developed a method to efficiently produce vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotyped with glycoprotein (G) of members of the genus Orthobornavirus, including BoDV‐1. We discovered that optimal G expression is required to obtain a high infectivity titer of the VSV pseudotyped virus. Remarkably, the infectivity of the VSV pseudotyped virus with G from the BoDV‐1 strain huP2br was significantly higher than that of the VSV pseudotyped virus with G from the He/80 strain. Mutational analysis demonstrated that the methionine at BoDV‐1–G residue 307 increases the infectivity titer of VSV pseudotyped with BoDV‐1–G (VSV–BoDV‐1–G). A cell‒cell fusion assay indicated that this residue plays a pivotal role in membrane fusion, thus suggesting that high membrane fusion activity and a broad pH range for membrane fusion are crucial for achieving a high infectivity titer of VSV–BoDV‐1–G. This finding may be extended to increase the infectivity titer of VSV pseudotyped virus with other orthobornavirus G. Our study also contributes to identifying functional domains of BoDV‐1–G and provides insight into G‐mediated cell entry.
Broker and institutional investor short selling
Authors: Marshall Ben R. , Nguyen Nhut H. , Visaltanachoti Nuttawat , Zhu Jennifer
Published: September 2024

Brokers have access to order‐flow data, which they can use to enhance their short‐selling returns. However, New Zealand brokers also have a fiduciary duty to place their clients' interests before their own. We compare the short‐selling returns and trading behaviours of brokers and institutional investors who predominantly focus on profit‐making. Our results show no significant return difference between broker and institutional short sales and indicate that broker short sales are apparently to stabilise the market. Short selling is associated with improved market quality, and this improvement is more pronounced when brokers short sell more than institutional investors.
Cross‐protection of AIT‐induced antibodies to related allergens requires a high degree of structural identity
Authors: Demir Hilal , Radauer Christian , Strobl Maria R. , Scheurer Stephan , Kinaciyan Tamar , Bohle Barbara
Published: September 2024

Background

In contrast to sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with recombinant Mal d 1 (rMal d 1‐SLIT), SLIT with rBet v 1 (rBet v 1‐SLIT) induced Mal d 1‐cross‐reactive antibodies without IgE‐blocking activity. To elucidate whether the development of cross‐protective IgG responses depends on the degree of molecular identity of allergens we compared the cross‐reactivity, cross‐blocking activity, and affinity of SLIT‐induced antibodies with allergens of varying amino acid sequence identities to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1, namely Cor a 1.04 (hazelnut), Pru av 1 (cherry), and Dau c 1 (carrot).

Methods

Allergen‐specific antibodies were quantified by ELISA. IgE blocking was analyzed by inhibition of allergen‐induced basophil activation and IgE‐facilitated allergen‐presentation to T cells. The affinity of SLIT‐induced antibodies was studied by acidic dissociation ELISA and competition ELISA. Identical surface areas on allergens were predicted using an in‐house designed script based on structural alignments.

Results

rBet v 1‐SLIT‐induced IgG antibodies cross‐reacted with all allergens except Dau c 1. rMal d 1‐SLIT‐induced antibodies predominantly cross‐reacted with Pru av 1 and displayed significantly higher IgE blocking to Pru av 1 than rBet v 1‐SLIT‐induced antibodies. rMal d 1‐SLIT‐induced IgG1 showed higher affinity to Mal d 1 and Pru av 1. Surface analysis revealed 84% identical area on Mal d 1 and Pru av 1. Furthermore, we identified two surface areas potentially containing epitopes present on these allergens and absent on Bet v 1.

Conclusion

In summary, our findings suggest that a relatively high threshold of similarity is required to establish effective cross‐blocking antibodies to related allergens. Apparently, the structural identity between Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 is below this threshold. Therefore, this study may explain why immunotherapy with birch pollen allergen often fails to reduce birch pollen‐related apple allergy.
Contribution to the variability in the coeliac plexus structure and formation
Authors: Haviarová Zora , Kuruc Roman , Matjčík Viktor
Published: September 2024

Background

The coeliac plexus is often approached due to the diagnosis and treatment of the intractable pain associated with cancerous or non‐cancerous pathology of the pancreas or neighbouring organs. Various methods of coeliac plexus blocks are used and the variations in its structure are causes of the failures of such procedures.

Methods

Twenty human cadavers (17 male, 3 females, age range 30–86 years, without any abdominal pathology) were dissected in the supine position. The abdominal autonomics was studied bilaterally after the incision of the abdominal wall the peritoneal sac was cut and the abdominal organs were removed. The coeliac plexus becomes visible after removing the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments and pulling the stomach to the left and the pancreas downward.

Results

The largest coeliac ganglion was 45 mm on the right and 25 mm on the left. The average distance of the ganglia from the coeliac trunks was 6–9 mm from the right and left. The size of coeliac ganglia varies from 5 to 45 mm and their number from 2 to 12. Ganglia can be diffusely or concentrically organized. The coeliac plexus almost always receives the branches from the greater splanchnic and vagus nerves. Sometimes the contributions from the lesser splanchnic nerve, phrenic nerve, and accessory phrenic nerve (60%) were observed. Very rarely are missing both phrenic nerves.

Conclusion

Sympathectomy (splanchnicectomy), as well as the coeliac blocks (under US, CT control, or laparotomic) aimed at pain relief usually by pancreatic cancer, should consider these possible variabilities.
Early surgical outcomes of 550 consecutive patients treated for benign gynecological conditions by transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery
Authors: Hurni Yannick , Simonson Colin , Di Serio Marcello , Lachat Régine , Bodenmann Pauline , Seidler Stéphanie , Huber Daniela
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Evidence about intra‐ and postoperative complication rates related to transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) for benign gynecological conditions is still limited. We report and analyze data from a large cohort of patients operated in a single institution during 3.5 years.

Material and Methods

To evaluate the safety and feasibility of vNOTES for benign gynecological indications, we performed a single‐center observational study reporting and analyzing perioperative outcomes of 550 consecutive patients operated between 2020 and 2024.

Results

Of the 550 included patients, 365 (66.4%) underwent a vNOTES hysterectomy, 167 (30.4%) a procedure limited to the adnexa, and 18 (3.3%) other interventions, including myomectomy, pelvic adhesiolysis, post‐hysterectomy pelvic hematoma drainage, pelvic organ prolapse repair, and appendectomy. The mean age was 49.4 ± 12.2 years, and the mean BMI was 26.2 ± 5.8 kg/m2. The total complication rate was 6.5% (36 cases), of which 2.7% (15 cases) were intraoperative complications and 4.0% (22 cases) were postoperative complications. Patients presented postoperative complications classified as Clavien–Dindo (CD) grade I in 4 cases (0.7%), grade II in 10 cases (1.8%), and grade III in 8 cases (1.5%). We observed no CD grade IV and V complications. Three patients (0.5%) were rehospitalized for postoperative complications management. The conversion rate was 1.6%, with nine cases of conversion to conventional laparoscopy and none to laparotomy.

Conclusions

The application of vNOTES appears safe and feasible for most benign gynecological surgeries. Our study focused on surgical complications and demonstrated a profile similar to those reported in previous studies.
Outcomes of severe aspergillosis in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review
Authors: Alessandri Francesco , Giordano Giovanni , Sanda Vlad Cristian , D'Ettorre Gabriella , Pugliese Francesco , Ceccarelli Giancarlo
Published: September 2024

Background

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) can lead to life‐threatening respiratory failure necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. However, data on ECMO experience in the management of IA patients are scarce.

Objectives

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the potential benefits and risks of ECMO as a supportive intervention for critically ill patients with IA.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the literature using the search terms ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Aspergillus and Aspergillosis in two databases (Medline and Scopus). Clinical data were extracted by two independent investigators. Clinical parameters, such as mode of ECMO support, duration of treatment and clinical outcomes, were assessed.

Results

Overall, 32 patients were included in the analysis. The age ranged from 5 to 69 years, 59% were male, and 38% were female. The majority of patients suffered from ARDS (82%). 82% received VV‐ECMO, and 18% received VA‐ECMO. Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent cause of IA, coinfections were frequently observed (51%). The overall mortality was 78%. Complications during ECMO support were observed in 21 of the 39 cases (53.8%).

Conclusions

IA poses significant management challenges for critically ill ICU patients, even with ECMO support. Although ECMO appears to improve survival of patients at high risk of AI, potential risks such as bacterial superinfection and altered pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs must be carefully considered.
Robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy using the GelPoint Platform with a focus on optimizing the port position and specimen retrieval
Authors: Sasaki Yutaro , Yokota Narushi , Nozaki Shuhei , Harada Satoshi , Yano Tetsuhiro , Nishiyama Mitsuki , Kobayashi Saki , Minato Ryoei , Daizumoto Kei , Tomida Ryotaro , Kusuhara Yoshito , Fukawa Tomoya , Yamaguchi Kunihisa , Yamamoto Yasuyo , Takahashi Masayuki , Kanda Kazuya , Kanayama Hiroomi , Furukawa Junya
Published: September 2024

Introduction

One of the factors that makes robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy difficult is that the optimal port position differs between nephrectomy and bladder cuff excision. In addition, how best to retrieve the specimen after resection while minimizing the size of the wound is a challenge in robot‐assisted surgery. To solve these problems, we designed a surgical technique for robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy using the GelPoint Platform with a focus on port position optimization and specimen retrieval. This study describes the surgical technique of GelPoint robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy and reports our initial experience with this technique.

Methods

Between January 2023 and May 2024, seven patients underwent robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy using the GelPoint Platform and 11 underwent conventional robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy. We compared the patients' characteristics and surgical outcomes between the two groups.

Results

Compared with the conventional robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy group, the median operative time tended to be shorter in the GelPoint robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy group (280 vs. 357 min, respectively; p = .135). The maximum incision length tended to be longer in the GelPoint robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy group (7.0 vs. 6.0 cm, respectively; p = .078). The incidence of 30‐day complications was similar between the two groups (28.5% vs. 18.2%, respectively; p = 1.000). No complications were associated with the use of the GelPoint Platform.

Conclusion

The surgical outcomes of GelPoint robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy are comparable to those of conventional robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy, and it can be performed safely and effectively. GelPoint robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy can be considered a feasible alternative for selected patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Development of the Flexibility in Daily Life scale to measure multidimensional cognitive and behavioural flexibility in health and disease
Authors: Horne Kristina , Chen Tao , Irish Muireann
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Inflexibility of thought and behaviour is a transdiagnostic feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders and presents several empirical measurement challenges. Here, we developed and validated the Flexibility in Daily Life scale (FIDL); a novel, self‐report questionnaire, which captures expressions of cognitive and behavioural flexibility in daily life and is sensitive to natural shifts in these processes across the adult lifespan.

Methods

The FIDL was developed using a deductive scale development approach, which aimed to capture common themes within the flexibility literature and across diagnoses (e.g. insistence on sameness, preference for routines). Following multidisciplinary consensus, an initial 37‐item questionnaire was submitted for validation in an online sample of 295 healthy adult participants (19–78 years).

Results

Exploratory factor analysis produced a revised 21‐item version comprising five factors, labelled: Repetition, Switching, Predictability/Control, Routine, and Thoughts/Beliefs. Internal consistency reliability was good‐to‐strong for the total FIDL score and moderate‐to‐strong for individual subscales. Convergent validity was established between the FIDL and an existing measure of cognitive flexibility. Critically, the FIDL total score evinced a U‐shaped relationship with age, whereby flexibility was lower at the younger and older tails of the lifespan and greater in middle age. The same U‐shaped trajectory emerged for the Repetition, Routine, and Thoughts/Beliefs factors.

Conclusions

Overall, the FIDL is a valid and reliable multidimensional measure of flexibility, which upholds a clearly defined factor structure and good psychometric properties. It promises to be a valuable clinical and research tool to assess the natural fluctuations in flexibility across the lifespan and departures thereof.
New Cytotoxic α‐Aminoacylamide and bis‐1,5‐Disubstituted Tetrazole Adducts From Amino‐Diterpene Molecules by Ugi Reaction
Authors: Smirnova Anna , Tretyakova Elena , Kazakova Oxana
Published: September 2024

In search for new molecules of diterpene origin with promising anticancer activity, two amino‐derivatives (methyl maleopimarate aminoimide and methyl 1β,13‐epoxydihydroquinopimarate C4‐hydrazone) were involved in the 4‐component Ugi reaction (Ugi‐4CR) and pseudo‐7‐component azido‐Ugi condensation (azido‐Ugi‐7CR) to afford a series of adducts holding α‐aminoacylamide and bis‐1,5‐disubstituted tetrazole substituents. The NCI‐60 cancer cell panel screening revealed diterpene‐type Ugi adducts 2, 5, and 6 with strong antiproliferative potency with GI50 in range of 1.2–15.4 μM. The high positive correlations with standard anticancer drugs suggest microtubules or progesterone and androgen receptors as possible targets of the synthesized compounds.
Global Value Chain Participation and Firms' Responses to Exchange Rate Fluctuations
Authors: Jiang Chun , Sun Fuwei , Zhang Zhida
Published: September 2024

Greater participation in global value chains (GVCs) has highlighted the impact of exchange rate shocks on international trade. This paper examines how such participation influences firms' responses to exchange rate movements, focusing on the relationship between firms' pricing and value‐added in exports. This study, using detailed Chinese firm‐level data, demonstrates that firms with a high degree of GVC participation reacted to currency appreciation by lowering their export prices more substantially and reducing their export volumes less. This is mainly attributable to the “cost‐hedging effect” within the marginal cost channel and the “pricing inhibition effect” within the markup channel. By categorizing export firms by trade models and product types, this study further demonstrates that processing trade firms at the low end of the value chain and those with low product differentiation were more inclined to absorb exchange rate shocks. This study adds to the existing theoretical framework and provides strong evidence for China in deepening GVC integration and supporting the development of high‐quality export firms.
A novel, centrally acting mammalian aminosterol, ENT‐03, induces weight loss in obese and lean rodents
Authors: Barbut Denise , Kinney William A. , Chen Hsiao‐Huei , Stewart Alexandre F. R. , Hecksher‐Sørensen Jacob , Zhang Chen , Fleming Alexander , Zemel Michael , Zasloff Michael
Published: September 2024

ENT‐03, a spermine bile acid we recently discovered in the brain of newborn mice acts centrally to regulate energy and metabolism. Obese, diabetic (ob/ob) mice treated with five doses of ENT‐03 over 2 weeks, demonstrated a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels into the range seen in non‐obese animals, prior to any significant weight loss. Weight fell substantially thereafter as food intake decreased, and serum biochemical parameters normalized compared with both vehicle and pair‐fed controls. To determine whether ENT‐03 could be acting centrally, we injected a single dose of ENT‐03 intracerebroventricularly to Sprague–Dawley rats. Weight fell significantly and remained below vehicle injected controls for an extended period. By autoradiography, ENT‐03 localized to the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, the choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid. Significant cFos activation occurred in multiple anatomical regions within the hypothalamus and brainstem involved in appetite suppression, food‐entrained circadian rhythmicity, autonomic function, and growth. These data support a role for ENT‐03 in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Phase 1 studies in subjects with obesity and diabetes are currently in progress.
Invasive Cichlids Display Higher Aggression During Nest Defence Compared to the Native Mexican Mojarra
Authors: Franco Marco , Arce Elsah
Published: September 2024

Nest defence is one component of parental investment by which individuals can increase the survival of their offspring. Aggressive behaviours and the time spent protecting nests are determining factors in the reproductive success of cichlid species. The Mexican mojarra is the only cichlid native to the Balsas River Basin in Mexico. At least four invasive cichlids have been introduced, including the convict cichlid and the spotcheek cichlid. These three species establish their nests in the River and defend them aggressively. We quantified the number of nests, aggressive behaviours and time spent in the nest by parents of the native species and these two invasive species. We expected that the invasive parents would be more aggressive during defence, spent more time protecting the eggs, and would have a higher density of nests. We also explored differences in nest defence between the sexes within each species. We found that invasive cichlids had a greater number of nests than the Mexican mojarra. In the two invasive species, there was no difference between males and females in the time spent in the nest or the number of aggressive behaviours. In contrast, male Mexican mojarras spent less time in the nest and performed fewer aggressive behaviours than their mates. The smaller number of nests and nest defence behaviour of this native species could compromise its reproductive success and population size. This differential nest defence between the Mexican mojarra and the invasive cichlids could have negative implications for the physiology, reproduction, and health of this native cichlid.
Efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib in vitiligo patients across Fitzpatrick skin types with biomarker analyses
Authors: Peeva Elena , Yamaguchi Yuji , Ye Zhan , King Brett , Picardo Mauro , Sloan Abigail , Ezzedine Khaled , Del Duca Ester , Estrada Yeriel , Hassan‐Zahraee Mina , He Wen , Hyde Craig , Bar Johnathan , Facheris Paola , Guttman‐Yassky Emma
Published: September 2024

Efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib (an oral JAK3/TEC family kinase inhibitor) were evaluated in patients with nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) across Fitzpatrick skin types (FSTs). Patients with FST I‐III (‘light skin’; n = 247) and FST IV‐VI (‘dark skin’; n = 117) received once‐daily ritlecitinib 50 mg (with/without 4‐week loading dose), low‐dose ritlecitinib or placebo for 24 weeks. At baseline, patients with light skin displayed higher CLM‐1 and NCR1 serum levels than patients with dark skin (p < 0.05). At 24 weeks, ritlecitinib 50 mg improved the extent of depigmentation measured by percent change from baseline in facial‐vitiligo area scoring index (placebo‐adjusted mean difference [90% CI]) in patients with light (−15.2 [−24.7, −5.8]; p = 0.004) and dark (−37.4 [−50.3, −24.4]; p < 0.0001) skin, with continuous re‐pigmentation through week 48. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were similar across FSTs. At weeks 4 and 24, ritlecitinib 50 mg reduced CXCL11 serum levels (p < 0.001) in patients with light skin, whereas patients with dark skin had increased levels at week 4 (p = 0.05) and no significant change at week 24. Ritlecitinib 50 mg decreased IL‐9 and IL‐22 expression levels in dark skin compared with light skin (qPCR; p < 0.05). These differences in immune dysregulations may explain why NSV patients with dark skin respond to therapy earlier than patients with light skin.
Evaluation of chemotherapy toxicities in patients receiving treatment for gastrointestinal cancers and therapeutic monitoring of 5‐fluorouracil as a clinical support tool
Authors: de Baco Lucas Silva , da Silva Laura Cé , Antunes Luis Carlos Moreira , Antunes Marina Venzon , Linden Rafael , Moreira Mauber Eduardo Schultz , Radins Ricardo Bolsson , Maranhão Sarayane Araújo Brandão , da Silva Barbosa Sylvio Elvis , Volpato Lucimara , Stefanon Lauren Razzera , Brucker Natália
Published: September 2024

Background

5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is essential in treating gastrointestinal cancers, but some patients show severe toxicity. The toxicity is exposure‐related, which is linked to the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) decoded by the DPYD gene. This study aimed to evaluate the possible toxicity related to 5‐FU plasma levels, DPYD genotyping, and DPD phenotyping.

Methods

Forty‐seven gastrointestinal cancer patients receiving 5‐FU were included in this study. 5‐FU plasma levels and DPD phenotyping were analyzed by UPLC‐MS/MS. DPYD genotyping was also assessed. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) was used to classify the toxicity.

Results

For hematological toxicity, 27.65% showed neutropenia, 78.72% anemia, and 29.78% thrombocytopenia. The area under the curve (AUC) of 5‐FU calculated from the plasma was evaluated for three treatment cycles, and we observed that at the initial cycle, 48.93% were underexposed and 10.63% were overexposed, with a total of 59.56% of patients outside the therapeutic range. In the DPYD genotyping, 97.87% of patients had a wild‐type genotype, and 2.12% had c.1236G>A mutation (E412E, rs56038477). A total of 82.97% of patients showed a phenotype compatible with normal DPD activity.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the evaluation of DPYD genotyping and DPD phenotyping in the Brazilian population still requires further study. Moreover, the analysis of the plasma AUC of 5‐FU could contribute to clinical routine, being a very useful tool, especially for identifying patients outside the therapeutic range and thus guiding more individualized doses, or even in the intervention of possible toxicities related to overexposure.
Manager political preferences and company investor bases
Authors: Feng Hongrui , Huang Yanhuang , Simkins Betty , Wang Jian
Published: September 2024

We investigate how the personal political preferences of top managers shape the investor base of firms. Based on the risk‐aversion attitude of firm decisions that rely on conservative political ideologies, we find that Republican managers tend to maintain a lower leverage level; invest less in tangible assets and R&D to pursue near‐term profitability; and maintain a high quality of information disclosure to increase stock liquidity. We demonstrate that firms led by Republican managers can attract more transient institutions. This relationship becomes stronger during financially stressful periods and is robust after considering the moderating role of managerial discretion and potential endogeneity.
Prevalence, factors and quality of life associated with frailty and pre‐frailty in middle‐aged and older adults living with HIV in Zimbabwe: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Manyara Anthony Muchai , Manyanga Tadios , Burton Anya , Wilson Hannah , Chipanga Joseph , Bandason Tsitsi , Grundy Chris , Madela Etheldreda I. Yoliswa , Ward Kate A. , Cassim Bilkish , Ferrand Rashida Abbas , Gregson Celia L.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

We investigated associations between HIV, frailty and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods

This cross‐sectional study recruited men and women aged ≥40 years in Zimbabwe. A researcher collected clinical and HRQoL data, and performed physical assessments and HIV testing. Frailty was defined using five criteria: unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, low gait speed, low handgrip strength. The presence of three or more criteria defined frailty, one to two pre‐frailty, and zero non‐frail. Data analysis used adjusted regression modelling.

Results

Of 1034 adults (mean ± SD, 62.0 ± 14.0 years), 21.6% (n = 223) were living with HIV: 93.3% knew their status, of whom 96.2% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 89.7% of these had a viral load <50 copies/mL. Mean age at HIV diagnosis was 44.6 ± 10.4 years (only 8.1% were ≥70 years), people had been living with HIV for 9.8 ± 5.0 years and had been on ART for 9.4 ± 5.2 years. Overall, HIV was not associated with frailty: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 0.99 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42–2.33] for frailty versus non‐frailty. However, each 5 years lived with HIV was associated with twice the odds of frailty/pre‐frailty (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.03–4.13), independent of age and ART duration. Furthermore, each 5 years of ART use was associated with 60% lower odds of frailty/pre‐frailty (aOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19–0.78), independent of age and years lived with HIV. Older age, minimal education and poverty were associated with frailty. Frailty was associated with lower HRQoL in people both with and without HIV.

Conclusion

Reduced survival and good viral suppression may explain the lack of association between HIV and frailty. Early ART initiation could reduce future risk of frailty.
Synthesis and characterization of the doped/co‐doped SnO2 nanoparticles by the sol–gel method
Authors: Aydın Ünal Fatma
Published: September 2024

Tin oxide (SnO2) is one of the important semiconductors used in the application of solar cells because of its chemical–mechanical stability and wide band gap. These properties are very important for the performance development and photoanode optimization of a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). However, the low conduction band value of SnO2 reduces the photovoltaic efficiency, which limits the application of DSSC. Therefore, the doping strategy was used to increase the sensitivity to the visible light spectrum and change the light absorption properties of SnO2. In this paper, pure SnO2, Ag/SnO2, Pt/SnO2, and Pt/Ag/SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized at the nanoscale by a simple chemical sol–gel method. To characterize the structure, morphological/chemical properties, optical properties, and surface properties of the synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles, X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and particle size analysis were respectively used. XRD results showed that the crystal sizes varied between 8.8 and 12.2 nm depending on the doping. Doping processes resulted in reductions in particle sizes. Optical studies resulted in decreases in the band gap with the doping process. The conclusions obtained have shown that Ag doping, and Pt–Ag co‐doping can be promising for use as photoanode materials in semiconductor technology and especially in DSSC applications.