bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interplay Between Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection and Turbulence
Authors: Stawarz J. E. , Muñoz P. A. , Bessho N. , Bandyopadhyay R. , Nakamura T. K. M. , Eriksson S. , Graham D. B. , Büchner J. , Chasapis A. , Drake J. F. , Shay M. A. , Ergun R. E. , Hasegawa H. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Swisdak M. , Wilder F. D.
Published: November 2024

Alongside magnetic reconnection, turbulence is another fundamental nonlinear plasma phenomenon that plays a key role in energy transport and conversion in space and astrophysical plasmas. From a numerical, theoretical, and observational point of view there is a long history of exploring the interplay between these two phenomena in space plasma environments; however, recent high-resolution, multi-spacecraft observations have ushered in a new era of understanding this complex topic. The interplay between reconnection and turbulence is both complex and multifaceted, and can be viewed through a number of different interrelated lenses - including turbulence acting to generate current sheets that undergo magnetic reconnection (turbulence-driven reconnection), magnetic reconnection driving turbulent dynamics in an environment (reconnection-driven turbulence) or acting as an intermediate step in the excitation of turbulence, and the random diffusive/dispersive nature of the magnetic field lines embedded in turbulent fluctuations enabling so-called stochastic reconnection. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge on these different facets of the interplay between turbulence and reconnection in the context of collisionless plasmas, such as those found in many near-Earth astrophysical environments, from a theoretical, numerical, and observational perspective. Particular focus is given to several key regions in Earth’s magnetosphere – namely, Earth’s magnetosheath, magnetotail, and Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices on the magnetopause flanks – where NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale mission has been providing new insights into the topic.
The association of zero walking cadence minutes with sleep quality in adults 18–65
Authors: Hargens Trent A. , Scott Matthew C. , Peterson Meghan , Bennett Kimberly C. , Thome Timothy , Edwards Elizabeth S.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Physical activity (PA) guidelines suggest a link between PA, sedentary time, and sleep quality (SQ). Step cadence is an emerging proxy for PA intensity, with zero cadence (ZC) indicating sedentary time. No research has explored the relationship between ZC and SQ. This study examines the relationship between ZC and SC, compared to traditional PA and sedentary metrics, all measured via accelerometry.

Methods

Sleep and PA was assessed in 138 adults (53 male, 85 female, age = 23.5 ± 8.0 year.) via accelerometry. Sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous intensity PA, and ZC minutes per day were measured. SQ variables included sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), and minutes of awake time after sleep onset (WASO). Correlation analysis and analysis of covariance was used to assess relationships between study variables and to assess differences in PA and sedentary behavior between normal and poor sleepers.

Results

Sedentary time was negatively associated with SE (r = -0.24, P < 0.05) and TST (r = -0.51, P < 0.001). ZC was negatively associated with SE (r = -0.25, P < 0.05), TST (r = -0.39, P < 0.001) and positively associated with WASO (r = 0.17, P < 0.001). Poor sleepers accumulated greater ZC minutes than normal sleepers when categorized by SE (555.9 ± 69.1 vs. 521.6 ± 83.7, P = 0.02)) or TST (570.4 ± 77.7 vs. 524.5 ± 76.7, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Results suggest that zero cadence minutes is a viable metric for assessing sedentary time and may be of greater utility to more traditional measure of sedentary time.
Herausforderungen intergenerativer Gesundheitsförderungsangebote
Authors: Kollmann Verena , Grandy Simone , Hübel Ursula
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Gesundheitsförderungsprogramme sind für alle Altersgruppen wichtig. Soziale Beziehungen gelten als wichtige Gesundheitsressource, daher gewinnen intergenerative Programme an Bedeutung. Das Projekt „Klein & Groß – Bewegt & Gesund“ der Wiener Gesundheitsförderung – WiG gestaltete von 2020 bis 2023 kostenfreie gesundheitsfördernde intergenerative Angebote in Kinder- und Senior*inneneinrichtungen und öffentlichen Räumen. 2021 bis 2022 wurden im Projekt nur Bewegungsangebote, ab 2023 auch intergeneratives Gärtnern angeboten. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, Empfehlungen für die praktische Umsetzung zukünftiger intergenerativer Gesundheitsförderungsangebote zu formulieren.

Methode

Datengrundlage dieses Beitrags sind multiperspektivische qualitative Erhebungen, bestehend aus leitfadengestützten Einzelinterviews mit Senior*innen (n = 12), sechs Gruppendiskussionen via Zoom mit Trainer*innen und Multiplikator*innen (n = 22) sowie teilnehmenden Beobachtungen bei intergenerativen Angeboten (n = 14).

Ergebnisse

Die COVID-19-Pandemie war ein wesentlicher Kontext des intergenerativen Projekts. Die Voraussetzung zur Durchführung intergenerativer Projekte ist das Interesse von Senior*innen, bei denen es im Falle der Umsetzung als Konsequenz zu einer Fokusänderung von der eigenen körperlichen Aktivität hin zur psychosozialen Aktivierung durch die Interaktion mit den Kindern kommt. In der Evaluation identifizierte strukturelle Herausforderungen betreffen die Uhrzeit und Dauer der Angebote, das Setting sowie die Routine und den Schwierigkeitsgrad in den Aktivitäten.

Schlussfolgerung

Bei der Umsetzung intergenerativer Bewegungsangebote in einer Pandemiesituation zeigen sich viele Herausforderungen, denen jedoch mit einer vorausschauenden Planung und gut ausgebildeten Trainer*innen begegnet werden kann.
Hospital Provider’s Perspectives on MOUD Initiation and Continuation After Inpatient Discharge
Authors: Shearer Riley , Englander Honora , Hagedorn Hildi , Fawole Adetayo , Laes JoAn , Titus Hope , Patten Alisa , Oot Emily , Appleton Noa , Fitzpatrick Amy , Kibben Roxanne , Fernando Jasmine , McNeely Jennifer , Gustafson Dave , Krawczyk Noa , Weinstein Zoe , Baukol Paulette , Ghitza Udi , Siegler Tracy , Bart Gavin , Bazzi Angela
Published: November 2024

Background

Individuals with opioid use disorder have high rates of hospital admissions, which represent a critical opportunity to engage patients and initiate medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). However, few patients receive MOUD and, even if MOUD is initiated in the hospital, patients may encounter barriers to continuing MOUD in the community.

Objective

Describe hospital providers’ experiences and perspectives to inform initiatives and policies that support hospital-based MOUD initiation and continuation in community treatment programs.

Design

As part of a broader implementation study focused on inpatient MOUD (NCT#04921787), we conducted semi-structured interviews with hospital providers.

Participants

Fifty-seven hospital providers from 12 community hospitals.

Approach

Thematic analysis examined an emergent topic on challenges transitioning patients to outpatient MOUD treatment and related impacts on MOUD initiation by inpatient providers.

Key Results

Participants described structural barriers to transitioning hospitalized patients to continuing outpatient MOUD including (a) limited outpatient buprenorphine prescriber availability, (b) the siloed nature of addiction treatment, and (c) long wait times. As a result of observing these structural barriers, participants experienced a sense of futility that deterred them from initiating MOUD. Participants proposed strategies that could better support these patient transitions, including developing partnerships between hospitals and outpatient addiction treatment and supporting in-reach services from community providers.

Conclusions

We identified concerns about inadequate and inaccessible community-based care and transition pathways that discouraged hospital providers from prescribing MOUD. As hospital-based opioid treatment models continue to expand, programmatic and policy strategies to support inpatient transitions to outpatient addiction treatment are needed.

NCT Trial Number

04921787.
Student attrition in gender-atypical fields of study: a case of disapproval by parents and friends or lacking social integration?
Authors: Jusri Regina
Published: November 2024

In most industrialized countries, the choice of college majors is segregated by gender. Few students enroll in gender-atypical majors. Previous studies suggested that some attrition risks are associated with the gender composition of majors. In this paper, I investigated whether students in gender-atypical majors are more likely to leave the major by dropping out or switching to a different major with more same-sex students than those majoring in gender-typical subjects. Furthermore, I hypothesized that the relation between gender composition and non-completion risks is partially mediated by two social processes, namely poor social integration and disapproval of the major from parents and friends. Using data from undergraduate students from the German National Educational Panel Study, I conducted discrete-time survival analyses and a KHB decomposition. I found that both men and women in gender-atypical majors have a higher risk of switching to a major with a higher percentage of same-sex students than students in gender-typical majors. Women in gender-atypical majors also have a higher dropout risk. Poor social integration and disapproval of the major by parents and friends increase the switching risk and, in the case of social integration, also the dropout risk for all students. However, these two aspects cannot explain the higher attrition risk for students in gender-atypical majors, with one exception. Only for women in gender-atypical majors, lower approval of the major by friends partly mediates the association between the gender composition of the major and the risk of switching to a more female-dominated major.
Mast Cells and Mas-related G Protein-coupled Receptor X2: Itching for Novel Pathophysiological Insights to Clinical Relevance
Authors: Castells Mariana , Madden Michael , Oskeritzian Carole A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose of Review

Clinical interest in non-IgE activation of mast cells has been growing since the description of the human MRGPRX2 receptor. Its participation in many allergic and inflammatory conditions such as non histaminergic itch, urticaria, asthma and drug hypersensitivity has been growing. We present here an updated review of its structure, expression and biology to help understand conditions and diseases attributed to its activation and/or overpexression and the search for agonists and antagonists of clinical utility.

Recent Findings

The description of patients presenting anaphylaxis when exposed to one or multiple MRGPRX2 agonists such as general anesthetics, antibiotics, opiods and other agents has provided evidence of potential heterogeneity in humans.

This review provides the most recent developments into the receptor structure, tissue expression and signaling pathways including the potential enhancement of IgE-mediated mast cell activation. New insight into its agonists and antagonists is described and future developments to adress its modulations.
Sclerite ray canals in the Cambrian coeloscleritophoran Chancelloria from North Greenland (Laurentia)
Authors: Peel John S.
Published: November 2024

A sclerite of Chancelloria from the Henson Gletscher Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of North Greenland preserves phosphatised central ray canals within the sclerite rays, confirming the extension of epithelial tissue into the sclerite interior. The canals fill the basal foramina and extend as thin central tubes within the lumen towards the apex of the individual rays, developing longitudinal ridges distally. In general terms they resemble the robust central canal of Sinosachites (= Thambetolepis), although the leaf-like sclerites of this halkieriid develop an extensive pattern of lateral canals and tubules not seen in the conical rays of Chancelloria. This internal similarity between chancelloriid and halkieriid calcareous sclerites adds support to the notion that coeloscleritophores are a paraphyletic group in which parallel episodes of calcareous mineralisation of pre-bilaterian and bilaterian coeloscleritophoran stocks took place in the early Cambrian from a sclerotised but non-mineralised, chancelloriid-like, eumetazoan ancestor.
Biochemical characterization of abnormally softened sardine “soggy meat” during the spring spawning migration
Authors: Ito Mayu , Noda Ryouga , Honda Sigetaka , Matsuoka Yukari , Igura Ruki , Ueda Himawari , Kinoshita Kana , Yamashita Michiaki , Inoue Masayuki
Published: November 2024

“Soggy meat”, which is abnormally softened crushed sardine meat, is often detected in canned sardines seasoned with tomato chili sauce. As soggy meat represents lysed and decomposed tissue, we examined protease activity in the sardine meat during the spawning season. Abnormally soft sardine meat is often found in canned sardine meat from fish caught during the spring and landed at Choshi Fishing Port in Japan, located on the Pacific Ocean. We measured cathepsin L activity in the muscle and protein, lipid, and moisture, as well as the trace elemental concentrations. High cathepsin L activity was detected in February and March during the Pacific sardine spawning season. In addition, 4 of 20 fish had extremely high protease activity of more than 30 units/g. Cathepsin L activity in the muscle was negatively correlated with selenium, protein, and lipid concentrations, indicating that sardines in the spring were starving during their spawning migration. Therefore, starved physiological conditions during the spawning season may be responsible for soggy meat.
Simulation of wheat water footprint using AquaCrop model under the climate change, case study in Qazvin plain
Authors: Ahmadi Mojgan , Etedali Hadi Ramezani , Salem Ali , Al-Mukhtar Mustafa , Elbeltagi Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Simulating crop water consumption has been introduced as a valuable decision tool in food security. Such a tool is typically used to support a better understanding of how to increase water-use efficiency to satisfy optimal water management and sustainability. However, climate change is one of the most important and influential factors that restrain sustainable development, agriculture, and food security. Wheat is one of the most important and strategic products in the world and Iran. Therefore, in this study, the impacts of future climate changes on winter wheat yield, water requirement (WR), evapotranspiration (ET), and water footprint (WF) were evaluated in Qazvin Plain, Iran. As such, the outputs from five general circulation models (EC-EARTH, GFDL-CM3, MPI-ESM-MR, MIROC5, and HADGEM2-ES) were fed into the LARS-WG model to get finer spatial climate data for four future periods (P1:2021–2040, P2:2041–2060, P3:2061–2080, P4:2081–2100) considering three emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). Thereafter, the projected climate change data were used in the FAO AquaCrop model to simulate the variability of wheat characteristics. The results proved the superiority of LARS-WG to model the maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation (P) of the baseline scenario (1986–2015). Moreover, results revealed that the wheat WF will decrease in future periods. The modeling results showed that the average wheat yield and biomass will increase in future periods by 7.67 and 15.98 tons/ha, respectively, as compared to the baseline. The highest increase was recorded by the HadGEM2-ES model with RCP8.5 during 2081–2100. The average WR in the baseline was 127.14 mm, which was projected to decrease in future periods. The results show that ET will potentially increase in the period 2021–2040. As a consequence, the adapted methodology produced significantly superior outcomes and can aid in decision-making for both water managers and development planners.
Controlling stormwater at the source: dawn of a new era in integrated water resources management
Authors: Siphambe Tebogo Vivian , Ahana Bayongwa Samuel , Aliyu Abdurrahman , Tiwangye Amans , Fomena-Tchinda Hermann , Tchouandem-Nzali Coretta , Mwamila Tulinave Burton , Nya Esther Laurentine , Abdelbaki Chérifa , Gwenzi Willis , Noubactep Chicgoua
Published: November 2024

Published results on rainwater management systems revealed a lack of holistic science-based design principles. A new approach to rainwater management is proposed. Its necessity and feasibility are discussed. It is demonstrated that quantitatively harvesting rainfall and infiltrating a fraction should be mandatory. Thus, the primary site-specific parameter is the intensity of rainfall. Clearly, rainwater should be harvested and used everywhere as a valuable resource. Under arid semi-arid conditions large tanks maximize water storage for the long dry season while under humid conditions the same helps to minimize the frequency of emptying to avoid flooding. The new approach separates rainwater (and stormwater) from sewage and has the potential to maintain the natural hydrological cycle in urban areas despite urbanization. In already crowded slums, rainwater harvesting (RWH) can also be used to restore the hydrological cycle. The new approach advocates for decentralized RWH infrastructures to harvest, infiltrate, and store rainwater in individual residences, while piping overflows to semi-centralized cluster-scale tanks. Rooting integrated water resource management on RWH appears to be the missing puzzle in: (i) restoring the natural hydrological cycle where it has been disturbed (landscape restoration), (ii) avoiding flooding, and (i) mitigating soil erosion. This is essential for sustainable development.
A generalization of modified $$\alpha $$-Bernstein operators and its related estimations and errors
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Goyal Meenu , Ansari Khursheed J.
Published: November 2024

In the present article, we introduce a novel generalization of modified Bernstein operators which is again a positive linear operator. We show the necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of these operators. We also study some other approximation properties of these operators using standard tools of approximation theory.
Effect of silane-doped argon shielding gases for gas metal arc welding of S355
Authors: Treutler Kai , Neef Philipp , Wesling Volker
Published: November 2024

The welding of steel grades relies primarily on the interaction of the weld metal with doped oxygen components of the shielding gas. This mainly serves to decrease the viscosity and reduce the surface tension of the melt in order to achieve an adjusted material transition. Interference with the ambient atmosphere is undesirable in this context. In order to prevent material-related changes in the microstructure, slag initiators are admixed which promote the precipitation of low-density oxides on the weld seam surface. Manufacturing technology is increasingly striving to eliminate the interaction of atmospheric oxygen in the production process. It is primarily intended to counteract the negative effects of oxygen during manufacturing. For this objective, silane-doped gases for subtractive manufacturing processes and additive manufacturing via the PBF-LB/M process have been considered. Small amounts of silane in conventional inert shielding gases allow partial pressures of oxygen that are comparable to a high vacuum. In the scope of this publication on investigations for welding applications, blind welds on S355 substrate plates were performed using G3Si1 filler material. In addition to the recommended M21, an argon shielding gas with 1.5% silane doping and argon 4.6 are applied for welding. Apart from the observation of the resulting energy input, the weld seams are metallographically characterized. For this purpose, the formation of silicates on the weld seam surface and the development of the weld seam within the base material are investigated. The volume of the weld seam is reduced as a result of the silane doping compared to the M21 application. The composition of the weld metal is significantly influenced by the silane content, leading to an increased manganese content in particular. The silane doping results in an intensified formation of an acicular bainitic structure and an accompanying hardening within the weld metal.
The Scale Goes Up, the Joy Goes Down? Investigating the Causal Effect of Body Weight on Happiness
Authors: Bittmann Felix
Published: November 2024

Overweight and obesity represent significant public health challenges in many contemporary Western societies. In countries such as Germany, the majority of the population is classified as overweight. While being overweight is well-documented as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, the relationship between overweight status and happiness remains less clear. This study investigates the impact of overweight and obesity on happiness, utilizing large-scale German panel data (N = 8,815) collected across ten survey waves. Employing fixed-effects regression models that account for relevant time-varying confounders—such as age, health, and employment status—I estimate the causal effect of body mass index (BMI) as a measure of overweight on happiness. The results indicate that being overweight, whether BMI is treated as a continuous or categorical variable, does not have a negative impact on happiness. These findings hold across both genders and all age groups. In some models or subgroups, even small positive associations between weight gain and happiness are observed, despite the exclusion of underweight individuals from the analyses. Further validation is provided by a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), which corroborates the initial findings and offers additional insights into the temporal dynamics of this relationship.
Multi-branch convolutional neural network in building polygonization using remote sensing images
Authors: Xu Yajin , Schuegraf Philipp , Bittner Ksenia
Published: November 2024

Building extraction and polygonization is important for urban studies, such as urbanization monitoring, urban planning. Remote sensing images, especially in RGB bands, provide sufficient semantic information which is useful for the task of building extraction and polygonization. Deep learning using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is proven to be successful in many fields, including building extraction from remote sensing images. In this paper, we propose a two-stage method to solve the task of building polygonization from remote sensing images based on deep learning. Firstly, we decompose a 2‑D building footprint model into three basic geometry primitives. Leveraging stacked Multi-Branch Modules (MBMs), we separate the task of building extraction into tasks of predicting the three geometry primitives using our proposed CNN. At the second stage, we propose an efficient enhanced building polygonization and adjustment algorithm to generate the final building polygons. This algorithm is able to handle both building blocks and individual buildings. We evaluate our model on three open datasets. For building blocks, our model achieved average precision of 62.7% and average recall of 73.6% on the CrowdAI mapping challenge dataset, and 13.9% and 24.4% respectively on the Urban Building Classification (UBC) dataset which contains mainly individual buildings. On the Inria aerial image dataset, the proposed method achieved Intersection over Union (IoU) over 71%.
An Analysis of UK Households’ Directional Forecasts of Interest Rates
Authors: Kladívko Kamil , Österholm Pär
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we evaluate the directional interest-rate forecasts of UK households from the Bank of England’s Inflation Attitudes Survey. Employing a test for directional forecast accuracy and data on the survey balance ranging from 1999Q4 to 2023Q2, we find that the balance is not able to predict in which direction the interest rate will move over the coming year. In addition, regression models based on the balance are not able to generate forecasts for the quantitative change in the interest rate over the coming twelve months that have higher precision than a naïve forecast of no change. In order to provide information as to whether our findings are due to the inherent difficulty when it comes to forecasting interest rates or if households are not very insightful regarding interest rates, we investigate – again using data on the survey balance and testing for directional accuracy – whether households have been able to correctly assess the directional change of the interest rate over the previous twelve months; our results indicate some amount of “literacy” among the households regarding the interest rates that they face. Finally, analyses based on individual-response level data suggest that literacy regarding interest rates – proxied by the respondent having been correct regarding the directional change over the previous twelve months – does not appear helpful when forecasting.
A value driven framework for cybersecurity innovation in transportation and infrastructure
Authors: Alevizos Lampis , Bhakuni Lalit , Jäschke Stefan
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a value-driven cybersecurity innovation framework for the transportation and infrastructure sectors, as opposed to the traditional market-centric approaches that have dominated the field. Recontextualizing innovation categories into sustaining, incremental, disruptive, and transformative, we aim to foster a culture of self-innovation within organizations, enabling a strategic focus on cybersecurity measures that directly contribute to business value and strategic goals. This approach enhances operational effectiveness and efficiency of cyber defences primarily, while also aligns cybersecurity initiatives with mission-critical objectives. We detail a practical method for evaluating the business value of cybersecurity innovations and present a pragmatic approach for organizations to funnel innovative ideas in a structured and repeatable manner. Lastly, shifting the focus from general market appeal to sector-specific needs, our framework provides cybersecurity leaders with the strategic cyber-foresight necessary for prioritizing impactful initiatives, thereby making cybersecurity a core business enabler rather than a burden.
War of skeleton defense: the protection of bone in the process of tumor treatment
Authors: Xu Meng , Tang Peifu
Published: November 2024

Bone health and maintenance of integrity are essential aspects for cancer patients receiving comprehensive treatment. With the breakthrough in different cancer therapies, the number of long-term cancer survivors is rapidly expanding. At the same time, the bone health issues are gradually becoming more serious. This commentary aims to summarize the bone damage derived from tumor itself, cancer bone metastases and cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, immune therapy and to highlight strategies for protecting the skeleton.
Policy paper: interventions for sustainable millet production in Sudan
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Mahgoub , Daoud Mahmoud Adam , Ibrahim Muntaser Eltybe
Published: November 2024

This research delves into the sustainability of millet production and its impact on food security in Sudan, particularly in the Darfur states, examining challenges faced by producers and the overall contribution of millet to food security and poverty alleviation. It also provides a comparative analysis of millet production and trade in several countries, shedding light on challenges and opportunities within the industry. The study proposes strategies to address challenges such as climate change, limited access to inputs and technology, and insufficient infrastructure, aiming to inform policymakers and stakeholders and contribute to the development of sustainable and profitable millet production in Sudan. Additionally, a collection of articles explores various aspects of millet production, consumption, and its impact on sustainable peace, community development, and food security, offering valuable perspectives for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders. Furthermore, a comprehensive policy paper outlines a set of policy options aimed at promoting millet cultivation, processing, and consumption to enhance food security, economic viability, and sustainable agriculture, providing a holistic framework for addressing the multifaceted aspects of millet production and consumption in Sudan.
3D modeling of geological and geotechnical soil characterization using the MASW method: a case study in Southern Ijaw LGA, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Macquen Bello Akpoku , OBorie Ebiegberi , Eteh Desmond Rowland
Published: November 2024

The Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method is pivotal for non-invasive subsurface shear-wave velocity profiling, essential in geotechnical and seismic investigations. This study aims to model 3D geological and geotechnical soil properties in Southern Ijaw LGA, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, using MASW. Data collection involved a 12-channel ABEM Terraloc Mark 6 geophone system across nine survey points, complemented by nine boreholes and two Standard Penetration Tests (SPT). The results revealed a shallow water table at 0.30 m and stratified soil layers ranging from soft clay to dense sands. SPT N-values increased from 2 at the surface to 34 in deeper layers, reflecting significant soil densification and strength enhancement with depth. Shear-wave velocities (Vs) ranged from 207.11 m/s at 0.87 m to 502.88 m/s at 12.9 m, while compressional-wave velocities (Vp) ranged from 388.71 m/s to 948.98 m/s. Poisson’s ratio was consistent at 0.3, indicating uniform properties across depths. Elastic moduli, including shear modulus (µ), Young’s modulus (E), and bulk modulus (K), increased with depth, indicating greater subsurface material stiffness. The 3D geological model delineated distinct layers: soft clay (0–3.61 m), silty clay (3.61–5.19 m), fine sand (5.19–6.55 m), medium sand (6.55–7.83 m), and medium to coarse sand (7.83–12.90 m). These layers exhibited specific engineering properties, with ultimate and allowable bearing capacities ranging from 154.38 to 543.71 kPa and 51.46 to 181.24 kPa, respectively. MASW-derived N-values showed a strong correlation with traditional SPT N-values (R2 = 0.9401) and shear wave velocities and SPT N-values (R2 = 0.961), confirming MASW's effectiveness for geotechnical characterization. This enhances the precision of 3D soil models and supports more informed engineering decisions. The findings significantly advance the understanding of soil properties, particularly in the Niger Delta.
The Art of Disruption: Decolonial Potentiality in Fatou Cissé’s La ville en mouv’ment
Authors: Swanson Amy
Published: November 2024

African contemporary choreographers increasingly delink from Eurocentric performance conventions and work toward establishing local conditions of production and consumption by performing in public spaces. Although the labor undertaken to shift power asymmetries does not always result in structural changes, their art may be considered decolonial creative expression. Based on ethnographic research at the third and fourth editions (2022 and 2023) of Fatou Cissé’s street performance festival, La ville en mouv’ment (The City in Movement), in Dakar, Senegal, the author argues that decolonial potentiality extends beyond the precarious economic conditions to encapsulate the artists’ return to public space and futurist aesthetics.
Is Communications-Company Ownership of Video Content a Threat to Competition?
Authors: Crandall Robert W.
Published: November 2024

For the past decade, U.S. communications policymakers have been debating the need for net-neutrality regulation of “dominant” communications carrier platforms. One of the reasons advanced for regulating these carriers derives from a fear that carriers could reduce competition in the production and distribution of video media through their ownership of media companies, but is there any evidence supporting the notion that vertically integrated communications companies have successfully used such a strategy? This paper provides evidence from the financial markets that carrier integration into video production has not redounded to the benefit of these companies’ stockholders. In fact, this integration appears to reduce the value that investors place on such carriers, a result that suggests that the difficulties in managing a large, vertically integrated media and communications company more than offset any benefits (if any) that may derive from anticompetitive behavior induced by vertical integration.
Towards anarchist abolitionist futures for violence prevention: Beyond ‘counterterrorism’
Authors: Dixit Priya
Published: November 2024

Recent critical scholarship on terrorism has centred on matters of race, class, and gender regarding how counterterrorism policies are connected to multiple systems of hierarchical power relations. This article builds upon this scholarship and looks towards the future. It engages with understandings of emancipatory futures in critical scholarship on terrorism while drawing upon abolitionist and anarchist political thought to expand understandings of such futures. Anarchist and abolitionist thinking are useful for considering futures beyond the ‘global war on terror’ (GWOT) because of their anti-state and anti-domination orientations and focus on building alternatives to prevent and manage violence apart from contemporary ‘counterterrorism’. After providing an outline of anarchist and abolitionist thought, the article connects these to contemporary examples drawn from the United States and Nepal. In doing so, it theorises and imagines futures for preventing violence and building public security that are linkedto anarchist and abolitionist understandings of violence and the state. In contrast to ‘power politics’ which centres on the state, an anarchist abolitionist approach explores how safety and security can be reimagined and remadein the absence of a state.
Implementing culturally appropriate recovery approaches in mental health services: perspectives from the Irish Traveller community
Authors: Villani J. , Kuosmanen T. , McDonagh M. , Barry M.M.
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

This study explores the perspectives of Irish Travellers, an ethnic minority group in Ireland, on the service improvements needed to implement culturally appropriate recovery approaches in mental health services.

Methods:

A community-based participatory research approach was employed. Seventeen Traveller peer researchers conducted thirteen qualitative participatory workshops and five individual interviews across Ireland. Eighty-seven adult members of the Traveller community (83% female, mean age = 33, 56.3% not in education or employment) were recruited through convenience sampling. Participatory thematic analysis was employed.

Results:

Travellers’ ideas about improvements in mental healthcare involve practitioners in creating a trusting environment, increasing representation of Travellers within mental healthcare staff and working in partnership with Traveller service users to co-produce strategies that are owned by the community. Study participants emphasised the importance of Traveller cultural awareness, strengthening trauma-informed care, and embedding an ethos of cultural humility within mainstream services. The findings indicate the need for increased collaboration between mental health service providers and non-mental health agencies, and a reorientation of care towards empowering Traveller service users to achieve their social aspirations and building a positive self-identity.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that implementing a recovery approach for Travellers requires a reorientation of services, in line with Travellers’ definition of culturally appropriate mental healthcare. This study calls for an expanded mandate for mental health services beyond individual care and towards intersectoral action in addressing the social determinants of Travellers’ mental health. This will help to shape an equitable and inclusive healthcare setting that promotes Travellers’ mental health and recovery.
Modelling sea ice in the marginal ice zone as a dense granular flow with rheology inferred from discrete element model data
Authors: de Diego Gonzalo G. , Gupta Mukund , Gering Skylar A. , Haris Rohaiz , Stadler Georg
Published: November 2024

The marginal ice zone represents the periphery of the sea ice cover. In this region, the macroscale behaviour of the sea ice results from collisions and enduring contact between ice floes. This configuration closely resembles that of dense granular flows, which have been modelled successfully with the

$\mu (I)$

rheology. Here, we present a continuum model based on the

$\mu (I)$

rheology that treats sea ice as a compressible fluid, with the local sea ice concentration given by a dilatancy function

$\varPhi (I)$

. We infer expressions for

$\mu (I)$

and

$\varPhi (I)$

by nonlinear regression using data produced with a discrete element method (DEM) that considers polygon-shaped ice floes. We do this by driving the sea ice with a one-dimensional shearing ocean current. The resulting continuum model is a nonlinear system of equations with the sea ice velocity, local concentration and pressure as unknowns. The rheology is given by the sum of a plastic term and a viscous term. In the context of a periodic patch of ocean, which is effectively a one-dimensional problem, and under steady conditions, we prove this system to be well-posed, present a numerical algorithm for solving it, and compare its solutions to those of the DEM. These comparisons demonstrate the continuum model's ability to capture most of the DEM results accurately. The continuum model is particularly accurate for ocean currents faster than 0.25 m s

$^{-1}$

; however, for low concentrations and slow ocean currents, the continuum model is less effective in capturing the DEM results. In the latter case, the lack of accuracy of the continuum model is found to be accompanied by the breakdown of a balance between the average shear stress and the integrated ocean drag extracted from the DEM. Since this balance is expected to hold independently of our choice of rheology, this finding indicates that continuum models might not be able to describe sea ice dynamics for low concentrations and slow ocean currents.
Modelling turbulence in axisymmetric wakes: an application to wind turbine wakes
Authors: Bastankhah Majid , Zunder Jenna K. , Hydon Peter E. , Deebank Charles , Placidi Marco
Published: November 2024

A novel fast-running model is developed to predict the three-dimensional (3-D) distribution of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in axisymmetric wake flows. This is achieved by mathematically solving the partial differential equation of the TKE transport using the Green's function method. The developed solution reduces to a double integral that can be computed numerically for a wake prescribed by any arbitrary velocity profile. It is shown that the solution can be further simplified to a single integral for wakes with Gaussian-like velocity-deficit profiles. Wind tunnel experiments were performed to compare model results against detailed 3-D laser Doppler anemometry data measured within the wake flow of a porous disk subject to a uniform free-stream flow. Furthermore, the new model is used to estimate the TKE distribution at the hub-height level of the rotating non-axisymmetric wake of a model wind turbine immersed in a rough-wall boundary layer. Our results show the important impact of operating conditions on TKE generation in wake flows, an effect not fully captured by existing empirical models. The wind-tunnel data also provide insights into the evolution of important turbulent flow quantities such as turbulent viscosity, mixing length and the TKE dissipation rate in wake flows. Both mixing length and turbulent viscosity are found to increase with the streamwise distance. The turbulent viscosity, however, reaches a plateau in the far-wake region. Consistent with the non-equilibrium theory, it is also observed that the normalised energy dissipation rate is not constant, and it increases with the streamwise distance.
Turbulent/turbulent entrainment in a planar wake
Authors: Chen Jiangang , Buxton Oliver R.H.
Published: November 2024

This work reports an experimental study of the turbulent entrainment into the planar wake of a circular cylinder, exposed to various turbulent backgrounds, from the near- to the far-field. The background turbulence features independently varying turbulence intensity and integral length scale, thereby rendering different turbulent/turbulent interfaces (TTIs) between the background and the primary flow (wake). Combined, simultaneous particle image velocimetry and planar laser induced fluorescence measurements were conducted to quantify the entrainment characteristics across these various TTIs at an inlet Reynolds number of 3800. The primary focus was on understanding how turbulent entrainment evolves spatially in conjunction with the rapid development of the large-scale coherent vortices in the planar wake, and how such evolution is affected by the background turbulence. It is found that TTIs can establish two layers when the background turbulence is sufficiently intense, which distinguishes TTIs from the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI). The two layers are underpinned by different physical mechanisms but have the same thickness and appear to scale with the local Kolmogorov length scale after the wake spreading transition position (Chen & Buxton, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 969, 2023, A4). It is also found that the probability density functions of the entrainment velocity for both TTIs and a TNTI display power law tails, which are associated with extremely large entrainment velocities occurring more frequently than for a Gaussian process. These intermittent, extreme entrainment velocities make a remarkable contribution to the mean entrainment velocity, particularly in the near wake, which leads to a much higher mean entrainment velocity than farther downstream, for both a TNTI and the TTIs. Conditionally averaged analysis reveals that these extreme events of the entrainment velocity are directly associated with intense enstrophy structures close to the interface.
Causal features in turbulent channel flow
Authors: Osawa Kosuke , Jiménez Javier
Published: November 2024

The causal relevance of local flow conditions in open-channel turbulence is analysed using ensembles of interventional experiments in which the effect of perturbing the flow within a small cell is monitored at some future time. When this is done using the relative amplification of the perturbation energy, causality depends on the flow conditions within the cell before it is perturbed, and can be used as a probe of the flow dynamics. The key scaling parameter is the ambient shear, which is also the dominant diagnostic variable for wall-attached perturbations. Away from the wall, the relevant variables are the streamwise and wall-normal velocities. Causally significant cells are associated with sweeps that carry the perturbation towards the stronger shear near the wall, whereas irrelevant ones are associated with ejections that carry it towards the weaker shear in the outer layers. Causally significant and irrelevant cells are themselves organised into structures that share many characteristics with classical sweeps and ejections, such as forming spanwise pairs whose dimensions and geometry are similar to those of classical quadrants. At the wall, this is consistent with causally significant configurations in which a high-speed streak overtakes a low-speed one, and causally irrelevant ones in which the two streaks pull apart from each other. It is argued that this is probably associated with streak meandering.
Resolving turbulence and drag over textured surfaces using texture-less simulations: the case of slip/no-slip textures
Authors: Xie W. , Fairhall C.T. , García-Mayoral R.
Published: November 2024

We study the effect of surface texture on an overlying turbulent flow for the case of textures made of an alternating slip/no-slip pattern, a common model for superhydrophobic surfaces, but also a particularly simple form of texture. For texture sizes

$L^+ \gtrsim 25$

, we have previously reported that, even though the texture effectively imposes homogeneous slip boundary conditions on the overlying, background turbulence, this is not its sole effect. The effective conditions only produce an origin offset on the background turbulence, which remains otherwise smooth-wall-like. For actual textures, however, as their size increases from

$L^+ \gtrsim 25$

the flow progressively departs from this smooth-wall-like regime, resulting in additional shear Reynolds stress and increased drag, in a non-homogeneous fashion that could not be reproduced by the effective boundary conditions. This paper focuses on the underlying physical mechanism of this phenomenon. We argue that it is caused by the nonlinear interaction of the texture-coherent flow, directly induced by the surface topology, and the background turbulence, as it acts directly on the latter and alters it. This does not occur at the boundary where effective conditions are imposed, but within the overlying flow itself, where the interaction acts as a forcing on the governing equations of the background turbulence, and takes the form of cross-advective terms between the latter and the texture-coherent flow. We show this by conducting simulations where we remove the texture and introduce additional, forcing terms in the Navier–Stokes equations, in addition to the equivalent homogeneous slip boundary conditions. The forcing terms capture the effect of the nonlinear interaction on the background turbulence without the need to resolve the surface texture. We show that, when the forcing terms are derived accounting for the amplitude modulation of the texture-coherent flow by the background turbulence, they quantitatively capture the changes in the flow up to texture sizes

$L^+ \approx 70{-}100$

. This includes not just the roughness function but also the changes in the flow statistics and structure.
Tunable drag drop via flow-induced snap-through in origami
Authors: Nain Rishabh , Marzin Tom , Ramananarivo Sophie
Published: November 2024

We leverage the snap-through response of a bistable origami mechanism to induce a discontinuous evolution of drag with flow speed. The transition between equilibrium states is actuated passively by airflow, and we demonstrate that large shape reconfiguration over a small increment of flow velocity leads to a pronounced and sudden drop in drag. Moreover, we show that systematically varying the geometrical and mechanical properties of the origami unit enables the tuning of this drag discontinuity and the critical speed and loading at which it occurs. Experimental results are supported by a theoretical aeroelastic model, which further guides inverse design to identify the combination of structural origami parameters for targeted drag collapse. This approach sheds light on harnessing origami-inspired mechanisms for efficient passive drag control in a fluid environment, applicable for load alleviation or situations requiring swift transitions in aerodynamic performances.