bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facilitation of Pain in the Human Spinal Cord by Nocebo Treatment
Authors: Geuter Stephan , Büchel Christian
Published: August 2013

Nocebo hyperalgesia is an increase in subjective pain perception after a patient or subject underwent an inert treatment without any active ingredient. For example, verbal suggestion of increased pain can enhance both pain experience and responses in pain-related cortical brain areas. However, changes in cortical pain responses may be secondary to earlier amplification of incoming pain signals within the spinal cord. To test for a potential early enhancement of pain signals in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, we combined a nocebo heat pain paradigm with spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy volunteers. We found that local application of an inert nocebo cream on the forearm increased pain ratings compared with a control cream, and also reduced pain thresholds on the nocebo-treated skin patch. On the neurobiological level, pain stimulation induced a strong activation in the spinal cord at the level of the stimulated dermatomes C5/C6. Comparing pain stimulation under nocebo to a control pain stimulation of the same physical intensity revealed enhanced pain-related activity in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Importantly, the activation of the main effect of pain and the nocebo effect spatially overlapped. The current study thus provides direct evidence for a pain-facilitating mechanism in the human spinal cord before cortical processing, which can be activated by cognitive manipulations such as nocebo treatments.
Food Restriction Increases Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Burst Firing of Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Branch Sarah Y. , Goertz R. Brandon , Sharpe Amanda L. , Pierce Janie , Roy Sudip , Ko Daijin , Paladini Carlos A. , Beckstead Michael J.
Published: August 2013

Restriction of food intake increases the acquisition of drug abuse behavior and enhances the reinforcing efficacy of those drugs. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for the interactions between feeding state and drug use are largely unknown. Here we show that chronic mild food restriction increases the burst firing of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Dopamine neurons from food-restricted mice exhibited increased burst firingin vivo, an effect that was enhanced by an injection of the psychomotor stimulant cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Food restriction also enhanced aspartic acid-induced burst firing of dopamine neurons in anex vivobrain slice preparation, consistent with an adaptation occurring in the somatodendritic compartment and independent of a circuit mechanism. Enhanced burst firing persisted after 10 d of free feeding following chronic food restriction but was not observed following a single overnight fast. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings indicated that food restriction also increased electrically evoked AMPAR/NMDAR ratios and increased D2 autoreceptor-mediated desensitization in dopamine neurons. These results identify dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra as a convergence point for the interactions between feeding state and drugs of abuse. Furthermore, increased glutamate transmission combined with decreased autoreceptor inhibition could work in concert to enhance drug efficacy in response to food restriction.
Beyond Myth and Caricature
Authors: Dutton George
Published: August 2013

The historiography of women in Vietnamese history has long been complicated by cultural and political agendas, as well as problematic and at times limited sources. This state of the field essay surveys the historiographical landscape to highlight existing representations of women’s roles in Vietnamese history, and assesses the benefits and limitations of these depictions. I show that approaches to the study of women that consider them through the lenses of politics, law, and literature each show promise, but also obscure important dimensions of the larger story. I conclude by suggesting strategies for new approaches and interpretive frameworks for future research.
Evaluation of Peri-Implant Bone Response in Implants Retrieved for Fracture After More Than 20 Years of Loading: A Case Series
Authors: Mangano Carlo , Piattelli Adriano , Mortellaro Carmen , Mangano Francesco , Perrotti Vittoria , Iezzi Giovanna
Published: August 2013

Analysis of human retrieved dental implants is a useful tool in the evaluation of implant success and failure. More human histological data are needed from samples of long-term implant service. The aim of the present case series was a histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the peri-implant bone responses in implants retrieved for fracture after more than 20 years loading. The archives of the Implant Retrieval Center of the Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences of the University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy were searched. A total of 5 implants, retrieved after a loading period of more than 20 years, were found: 2 had been retrieved after 20 years, 1 after 22 years, 1 after 25 years, and 1 after 27 years. All these implants were histologically processed. Compact, mature bone in close contact with the implant surface was observed in all specimens, with no gaps or connective tissue at the interface. Bone in different maturation stages was found around some implants. Primarily newly formed bone was observed in proximity of the implant surface, while mature compact bone with many remodeling areas and cement lines were detected in areas distant from the implant. Many primary and secondary osteons were present. Bone to implant contact percentage varied from 37.2% to 76%. In conclusion, histology and histomorphometry showed that even after many years of function, all implants presented more than adequate bone to implant contact and they appeared to be very well integrated in the peri-implant bone.
Natalizumab adverse events are rare in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fragoso Yára Dadalti , Alves-Leon Soniza Vieira , Arruda Walter Oleschko , Carvalho Margarete de Jesus , Comini-Frota Elizabeth Regina , Corrêa Éber Castro , Ferreira Maria Lucia Brito , Gama Paulo Diniz da , Gomes Sidney , Gonçalves Marcus Vinicius Magno , Kaimen-Maciel Damacio Ramón , Mendes Maria Fernanda , Morales Rogerio Rizo , Muniz Andre , Salgado Pedro Rippel , Ruocco Heloisa Helena , Albuquerque Livia Brito Bezerra de , Brooks Joseph Bruno Bidin , Fêzer Letícia , Georgetto Sergio , Lopes Josiane , Malfetano Fabíola Rachid , Meira Isabella D'Andrea , Oliveira Celso Luis Silva , Oliveira Francisco Tomaz Meneses de , Safanelli Fabiana , Satomi Massaco
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and the profile of adverse events (AE) of natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsData collection from neurologists attending to patients with MS at specialized units in Brazil.ResultsData from 103 patients attending the infusion centers of 16 MS units in 9 Brazilian states were included in the study. The total number of infusions was 1,042. Seventy-nine patients (76.7%) did not present any AE. Twenty-four patients (23.3%) presented only mild AE. There were three major AE, including two deaths. These three occurrences, although not necessarily being drug-related, must be taken into consideration.ConclusionThe profile of AEs for natalizumab shows that 97% of patients have none or only mild AE. However, still due to safety worries, the use of this medication should be restricted to MS units under the care of specialized neurologists.
Neuroendoscopic surgery in children: an analysis of 200 consecutive procedures
Authors: Furlanetti Luciano Lopes , Santos Marcelo Volpon , Oliveira Ricardo Santos de
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveNeuroendoscopic surgery in children has particular features and is associated with different success rates (SR). The aim of this study was to identify putative factors that could influence the outcome in pediatric patients.MethodsClinical data of 177 patients under 18 years of age submitted to 200 consecutive neuroendoscopic procedures from January 2000 to January 2010 were reviewed.ResultsThe overall success rate was 77%. Out of the patients with successful outcomes, 46% were under six months, 68% were between six months and one year of age, and 85% older than one year. Neuroendoscopic techniques provide very good results for a wide number of indications in children. Tumor-related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation problems and aqueductal stenosis seem to be particularly well suited to neuroendoscopic treatment regardless of the patient's age.ConclusionPatients' age and etiology of hydrocephalus were associated with a different outcome. In all cases, surgical experience is extremely important to reduce complications.
Epilepsy treatment: a paradigm shift is urgently need
Authors: Bartmann Ana Paula , Sander Josemir W.
Published: August 2013

Epilepsy affects between 5 and 10 people in a 1,000 and carries considerable morbidity and premature mortality. The complex inheritance pattern of a lowered seizure threshold is not fully understood but is likely to be polygenic. In the majority of people with epilepsy, we do not understand the pathophysiology, how a seizure is triggered, and how it can be prevented. In the centennial year of the discovery of the antiepileptic properties of phenobarbital, we have over 20 antiepileptic drugs; however, none have dramatically changed the long-term prognosis of the condition. The cascade of events triggering epilepsy is likely to vary greatly among individuals. The hope for the future is a shift of paradigm away from the symptomatic approach that currently exists. Indeed, once epileptogenesis is fully understood, treatment can be targeted at specific mechanisms, and then we will have truly disease-modifying therapies.
The first Brazilian neuropsychiatrist, José Martins da Cruz Jobim, tuberculous meningitis and mental disease
Authors: Gomes Marleide da Mota , Engelhardt Eliasz , Chimelli Leila
Published: August 2013

The intersection between infectious diseases, poverty and mental disease was an important subject to the Brazilian Neuropsychiatry in the early 19th century. José Martins da Cruz Jobim (1802–1878) was engaged in a hygienist approach based on symptomatological and anatomopathological studies. He wrote “Insânia loquaz” (Loquacious insanity), 1831, the first written text about mental illness in Brazil, founded on clinical and pathological data, compatible with tuberculous meningitis. Thus, Jobim deserves the title of the first neuropsychiatrist in Brazil. The authors critically studied the clinical history and the autopsy findings of his cases, and the main health policies at the time.
Incidental enchondromas at knee magnetic resonance imaging: intraobserver and interobserver agreement and prevalence of imaging findings
Authors: Nakamura Sandra Akemi , Lorenzato Mário Müller , Engel Edgard Eduard , Yamashita Maurício Eiji de Almeida Santos , Nogueira-Barbosa Marcello Henrique
Published: August 2013

Objective To evaluate intra- and interobserver agreement in the identification of incidental enchondromas at knee magnetic resonance imaging, and to assess the prevalence of imaging findings. Materials and Methods Retrospective study reviewing 326 knee magnetic resonance images acquired in the period between November 2009 and September 2010. The images were independently and blindly analyzed by two specialists in musculoskeletal radiology, with the objective of identifying incidental enchondromas, presence of foci with signal similar to bone marrow and foci of signal absence suggestive of calcifications within the enchondromas. Inter- and intraobserver agreements were analyzed. Results Eleven lesions compatible with enchondromas (3.3%) were identified. The interobserver agreement for the presence of enchondroma was high. Prevalence of foci of bone marrow signal inside the enchondromas was of 54.55%, and foci suggestive of calcification corresponded to 36.36%. The intraobserver agreement for foci of bone marrow signal in enchondromas was perfect, and interobserver agreement was high. Conclusion The prevalence of incidental enchondromas in the current study was compatible with data in the literature. Excellent agreement was observed in the identification of enchondromas and in the assessment of imaging findings. A higher prevalence of fat signal foci was observed as compared with signal absence suggestive of calcifications.
Computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy of pancreatic masses using pneumodissection
Authors: Tyng Chiang Jeng , Bitencourt Almir Galvão Vieira , Almeida Maria Fernanda Arruda , Barbosa Paula Nicole Vieira , Martins Eduardo Bruno Lobato , Junior João Paulo Kawaoka Matushita , Chojniak Rubens , Coimbra Felipe José Fernandez
Published: August 2013

Objective To describe the technique of computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy of pancreatic tumors with pneumodissection. Materials and Methods In the period from June 2011 to May 2012, seven computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsies of pancreatic tumors utilizing pneumodissection were performed in the authors' institution. All the procedures were performed with an automatic biopsy gun and coaxial system with Tru-core needles. The biopsy specimens were histologically assessed. Results In all the cases the pancreatic mass could not be directly approached by computed tomography without passing through major organs and structures. The injection of air allowed the displacement of adjacent structures and creation of a safe coaxial needle pathway toward the lesion. Biopsy was successfully performed in all the cases, yielding appropriate specimens for pathological analysis. Conclusion Pneumodissection is a safe, inexpensive and technically easy approach to perform percutaneous biopsy in selected cases where direct access to the pancreatic tumor is not feasible.
Cranial computed tomography findings in patients admitted to the emergency unit of Hospital Universitário Cajuru
Authors: Lara Filho Lauro Aparecido , Omar Samir Sari , Biguelini Rodrigo Foletto , Santos Rony Augusto de Oliveira
Published: August 2013

Objective To identify and analyze the prevalence of cranial computed tomography findings in patients admitted to the emergency unit of Hospital Universitário Cajuru. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional study analyzing 200 consecutive non contrast-enhanced cranial computed tomography reports of patients admitted to the emergency unit of Hospital Universitário Cajuru. Results Alterations were observed in 76.5% of the patients. Among them, the following findings were most frequently observed: extracranial soft tissue swelling (22%), bone fracture (16.5%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (15%), nonspecific hypodensity (14.5%), paranasal sinuses opacification (11.5%), diffuse cerebral edema (10.5%), subdural hematoma (9.5%), cerebral contusion (8.5%), hydrocephalus (8%), retractable hypodensity /gliosis/ encephalomalacia (8%). Conclusion The authors recognize that the most common findings in emergency departments reported in the literature are similar to the ones described in the present study. This information is important for professionals to recognize the main changes to be identified at cranial computed tomography, and for future planning and hospital screening aiming at achieving efficiency and improvement in services.
Hardcopy quality parameters to ensure structures detection at digital mammography
Authors: Goto Rafael Eidi , Pires Silvio Ricardo , Medeiros Regina Bitelli
Published: August 2013

Objective To develop procedures to ensure consistency of printing quality of digital images, by means of hardcopy quantitative analysis based on a standard image. Materials and Methods Characteristics of mammography DI-ML and general purpose DI-HL films were studied through the QC-Test utilizing different processing techniques in a FujiFilm®-DryPix4000 printer. A software was developed for sensitometric evaluation, generating a digital image including a gray scale and a bar pattern to evaluate contrast and spatial resolution. Results Mammography films showed maximum optical density of 4.11 and general purpose films, 3.22. The digital image was developed with a 33-step wedge scale and a high-contrast bar pattern (1 to 30 lp/cm) for spatial resolution evaluation. Conclusion Mammographic films presented higher values for maximum optical density and contrast resolution as compared with general purpose films. The utilized digital processing technique could only change the image pixels matrix values and did not affect the printing standard. The proposed digital image standard allows greater control of the relationship between pixels values and optical density obtained in the analysis of films quality and printing systems.
Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome: what radiologists should know. Literature review and three cases report
Authors: Agnollitto Paulo Moraes , Barreto André Rodrigues Façanha , Barbieri Raul Fernando Pinsetta , Junior Jorge Elias , Muglia Valdair Francisco
Published: August 2013

Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is an autosomal dominant vascular disease involving multiple systems whose main pathological change is the presence of abnormal arteriovenous communications. Most common symptoms include skin and mucosal telangiectasias, epistaxis, gastrointestinal, pulmonary and intracerebral bleeding. The key imaging finding is the presence of visceral arteriovenous malformations. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and can be confirmed by molecular biology techniques. Treatment includes measures for management of epistaxis, as well as surgical excision, radiotherapy and embolization of arteriovenous malformations, with emphasis on endovascular treatment. The present pictorial essay includes a report of three typical cases of this entity and a literature review.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: biomarker for treatment response in oncology
Authors: Testa Maria Luiza , Chojniak Rubens , Sene Letícia Silva , Damascena Aline Santos
Published: August 2013

The authors report a case where a quantitative assessment of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of liver metastasis in a patient undergoing chemotherapy has shown to be an effective early marker for predicting therapeutic response, anticipating changes in tumor size. A lesion with lower initial ADC value and early increase in such value in the course of the treatment tends to present a better therapeutic response.
Cavernous sinus syndrome due to rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis
Authors: Vilela Vagner Moysés , Marques Hélder de Castro , Carvalho Rodolfo Elias Diniz da Silva , Zavelinske Erika , Duque André Geraldo da Silva , Dutra Bruno Landim
Published: August 2013

The present report describes the case of a 43-year-old diabetic patient with facial pain, protruding eyes, nasal congestion and decreased right vision (involvement of the ipsilateral cranial nerves III, IV and V). Computed tomography showed diffuse sinusitis at right, cribriform plate erosion and presence of a hypodense collection in the frontal lobe with peripheral enhancement. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a cerebral abscess. Samples were collected from the lesion, confirming hyphae compatible with mucormycosis.
Formação em museologia: círculos e outras geometrias
Authors: Semedo Alice
Published: August 2013

Este artigo explora algumas inquietações e valores que fazem parte da reflexão sobre os processos de coabitação flexível no âmbito da formação em museologia, produzindo teorias mais matizadas, práticas mais refletidas e, porventura, museus menos ilusórios. Introduz-se, ainda, uma reflexão sobre a própria natureza do conhecimento em museologia. O conhecimento é teorizado como um quase objeto, um híbrido entre sujeito, humano e não-humanos, desafiando a separação entre sujeito e objeto, entre natureza e sociedade, entre teoria e prática. A museologia é aqui apresentada enquanto objeto quase de investigação / formação, como espaço de questionamento não delimitador mas de contornos cada vez mais de fronteira, impermanente e pertencendo ao que se vem denominando de Modo 2/3 de produção de conhecimento.
Las revistas de museos y museología en español y portugués: una exploración panorámica a ambos lados del Atlántico
Authors: Lorente Jesús-Pedro
Published: August 2013

Se traza en este artículo un panorama histórico en torno a la proliferación de revistas sobre museos y museología en España, Hispanoamérica, Brasil y Portugal. El muestreo presenta una creciente abundancia y variedad, que corrobora el gran desarrollo alcanzado por la museología como disciplina; aunque la mayoría de los autores o lectores de estas publicaciones suelen estar restringidos a su respectivo país o área cultural, echándose en falta revistas que sean universalmente (re)conocidas, incluso fuera de los países donde español y portugués son lenguas oficiales.
Método para desenvolvimento de práticas de gestão integrada em clusters industriais
Authors: Nadae Jeniffer de , Galdamez Edwin Vladimir Cardoza , Carpinetti Luiz César , Souza Fernando Bernardi de , Oliveira Otávio José de
Published: August 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é propor um método para que as empresas pertencentes a clusters industriais desenvolvam coletivamente, por meio de ações guiadas pela governança, práticas integradas introdutórias de gestão da qualidade, meio ambiente e segurança e saúde do trabalho. Esse método foi desenvolvido com base em uma consistente revisão teórica e em uma pesquisa de campo no cluster metal-mecânico de Sertãozinho-SP, realizada para familiarizar os pesquisadores com o ambiente de estudo e identificar boas práticas e dificuldades de gestão, e, por consequência, aumentar o grau de aplicabilidade da proposta e, por fim, na experiência dos pesquisadores. Esse método está dividido em três macroetapas: (i) preparação/planejamento; (ii) implantação; e (iii) avaliação e manutenção. Cada uma das etapas é composta por ações que devem ser desenvolvidas tanto pelas empresas quanto pela governança do cluster. Acredita-se que o método proposto contribuirá para diminuição das incertezas, custos, tempo do processo e para simplificação dos fluxos de informações e procedimentos dessas empresas.
The relationship between the logistics complexity of manufacturing companies and their supply chain management
Authors: Wanke Peter Fernandes , Corrêa Henrique Luiz
Published: August 2013

This study aims to investigate whether, and the means by which, supply chain managers of large manufacturing companies adopt a context-dependent approach (also called contingency approach) in their supply chain decisions; it empirically explores the correlation between logistics complexity-related contextual conditions and supply chain management (SCM) objectives and decision areas. The study involves a comprehensive literature review, followed by an analysis of survey data (based on a sample of 108 large manufacturing companies in Brazil), using cluster analysis, factor analysis and binary logistic regression. In this study, we not only investigate the major effects of supply chain objectives and decision areas as predictors of the logistics complexity of manufacturing but also investigate their second order interactions. Statistically significant relationships were found between logistics complexity-related contextual conditions and objectives and decision areas involving the supply chain. The managers of large companies who were surveyed considered different objectives and decision areas to be critical to the achievement of supply chain excellence when their companies had different levels of logistics complexity.
Conhecimento, prática e percepção sobre o gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde em estabelecimentos médicos veterinários de Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Reis Mariangela Andrade , Rangel-S Maria Ligia , Mattos Camila Maria de , Franke Carlos Roberto
Published: August 2013

Objetivou-se avaliar os estabelecimentos veterinários e prestadores de serviços clínicos da cidade de Salvador - Bahia, quanto ao cumprimento da legislação referente ao gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde por meio da análise da prática, do conhecimento, e da percepção dos responsáveis técnicos sobre o tema. Entre setembro de 2010 e março de 2011, 36 clínicas e consultórios veterinários foram visitados e seus respectivos responsáveis técnicos entrevistados sobre o conhecimento, a prática e a percepção sobre o tema. Desses, 30,6% conheciam a legislação vigente, 2,8% implantaram o plano de gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde, 19,4% tinham contrato com empresa de coleta especial e 88,9% atribuíam riscos aos resíduos de serviços de saúde, além de outros aspectos que foram investigados. Os resultados mostraram que embora os responsáveis técnicos desconhecessem a resolução da Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, eles tinham consciência dos riscos associados às práticas inadequadas de gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde. O estudo revelou a necessidade de se perceber e corrigir as lacunas na formação profissional; na percepção dos riscos representados pelos resíduos de serviços de saúde; no diálogo entre as instituições e o profissional e na formulação de critérios que adéquem a legislação pertinente às características e à escala da geração de resíduos de serviços de saúde nos estabelecimentos médicos veterinários.
Phytodepuration of the effluents in a closed system of fish production
Authors: Cani Antônio Carlos Pinheiro , Azevedo Rafael Vieira de , Pereira Rogério Novais , Oliveira Mônica Alves de , Chaves Modesto Antônio , Braga Luís Gustavo Tavares
Published: August 2013

It was evaluated the feasibility of growing lettuce intercropped with Nile tilapia farming in a hydroponic system and the efficiency upon the improvement of the quality of the effluent. The experimental structure was composed of one module for fish production and other for plant production in the hydroponic system. It was used production technique NFT (Nutrient Film Technique), and the nutrient solution used was the effluent of fish farming. It was used a randomized block experimental design with four treatments and three replications, considering each repetition an 8-day cycle in hydroponics. The treatments were: 20; 40, 60 and 80 plants for the first, second, third and fourth treatments, respectively. Electrical conductivity, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen did not change (P>0.05) in relation to the input effluent and they were not affected (P>0.05) by the number of plants. We observed a linear effect of number of plants on the parameters orthophosphate and nitrite, ie the higher the number the greater the removal of plants for these parameters in the water. The percentage of nitrogen in leaves and roots of lettuce was not influenced by the number of plants. There was a linear effect of the number of plants on the accumulation in lettuce leaves parameters dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. There was a linear effect of the number of plants on the accumulation of dry matter and phosphorus and quadratic effect on nitrogen accumulation in roots of lettuce.There is a technical feasibility of integrating the intensive Nile tilapia farming in a closed system of recirculating water in the production of hydroponic lettuce, with nutrients remotion such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the effluents and their incorporation in leaves and roots of lettuce.
Evaluation of radiographic magnification in lateral cephalograms obtained with different X-ray devices: experimental study in human dry skull
Authors: Rino Neto José , Paiva João Batista de , Queiroz Gilberto Vilanova , Attizzani Miguel Ferragut , Miasiro Junior Hiroshi
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the magnification factor of the radiographic image in angular, linear and proportional measurements. METHODS: From a dried human skull where metallic spheres with predetermined size were fixed (1.0 mm), 14 radiographs were obtained in devices of three different manufacturers: Panoura, Instrumentarium and Tomeceph. The Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between the rate of radiographic magnification and the cephalometric measurements assessed. RESULTS: According to the results, the linear measurements showed a high positive correlation, pointing out great influence of the magnification factor, while the angular and proportional measurements did not correlate. CONCLUSIONS: Comparisons between linear cephalometric measurements obtained with different devices from the same manufacturer showed maximum rates of expansion of 0.6%, 1.25% and 2.3%, respectively, for the devices from Instrumentarium (OP-100, Instrumentarium, Finland), Panoura (10CSU, Yoshida, Japan) and Satelec/Tomeceph (XMind, Satelec/Tomeceph Orion Corporation, Finland).
Class II malocclusion treatment using high-pull headgear with a splint: a systematic review
Authors: Jacob Helder B. , Buschang Peter H. , Santos-Pinto Ary dos
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the scientific evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of high-pull headgear in growing Class II subjects. METHODS: A literature survey was performed by electronic database search. The survey covered the period from January 1966 to December 2008 and used Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Articles were initially selected based on their titles and abstracts; the full articles were then retrieved. The inclusion criteria included growing subjects between 8 to 15 years of age, Class II malocclusion treatment with high-pull headgear, and a control group with Class II malocclusion. References from selected articles were hand-searched for additional publications. Selected studies were evaluated methodologically. RESULTS: Four articles were selected; none were randomized controlled trials. All of the articles clearly formulated their objectives and used appropriate measures. The studies showed that high-pull headgear treatment improves skeletal and dental relationship, distal displacement of the maxilla, vertical eruption control and upper molars distalization. One of the studies showed a slight clockwise rotation of the palatal plane; the others showed no significant treatment effect. The mandible was not affected by the treatment. CONCLUSION: While there is still a lack of strong evidence demonstrating the effects of high-pull headgear with a splint, other studies indicate that the AP relations improve due to distalization of the maxilla and upper molars, with little or no treatment effects in the mandible. Greater attention to the design should be given to improve the quality of such trials.
Sagittal and vertical aspects of Class II division 1 subjects according to the respiratory pattern
Authors: Cabrera Laura de Castro , Retamoso Luciana Borges , Mei Raul Magnoler Sampaio , Tanaka Orlando
Published: August 2013

INTRODUCTION: The teeth position, specially maxillary and mandibular incisors, in relation to basal bone and surrounding soft tissues must be considered in the elaboration of diagnosis, treatment planning and execution to obtain alignment, leveling, intercuspation, facial balance and harmony with stability of results. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the modifications in the positioning of incisors in individuals with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion in two distinct moments of dentocraniofacial development, with mean interval of 2 years and 5 months. METHODS: The measures were obtained by means of lateral cephalograms of 40 individuals, being 23 nasal breathers (NB) and 17 mouth breathers (MB). The analyzed measures were overjet, overbite, UCI-NA, LCI-NB, UCI.NA, LCI.NB, UCI.SN, LCI.GoGn, UCI.LCI, ANB, GoGn.SN, and OccPl.SN. Statistical analysis (2-way repeated-measures ANOVA) was applied to verify intergroups differences. RESULTS: Overjet, UCI-NA, LCI-NB, ANB, GoGn.SN, and OccPl.SN demonstrated statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) when observed the moment or the respiratory method. CONCLUSION: There is alteration in the positioning of incisors during growth with interference of the respiratory pattern.
Stability of molar relationship after non-extraction Class II malocclusion treatment
Authors: Lima Darwin Vaz de , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore de , Freitas Marcos Roberto de , Janson Guilherme , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Pinzan Arnaldo
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the stability of molar relationship after non-extraction treatment of Class II malocclusion. METHODS: The sample comprised 39 subjects (16 females, 23 males) with initial Class II malocclusion treated with no extractions, using fixed appliances. Mean age at the beginning of treatment was 12.94 years, at the end of treatment was 15.14 years and at post-retention stage was 21.18 years. Mean treatment time was 2.19 years and mean time of post-treatment evaluation was 6.12 years. To verify the influence of the severity of initial Class II molar relationship in stability of molar relationship, the sample was divided into two groups, one presenting a ½-cusp or ¾-cusp Class II molar relationship, and the other with full-cusp Class II molar relationship. In dental casts from initial, final and postretention stages, molar, first and second premolars and canine relationships were measured. Data obtained were analyzed by dependent ANOVA, Tukey and Pearson's correlation tests, as well as independent t test between the two groups divided by severity of initial molar relationship. RESULTS: There was a non-statistically significant 0.12 mm relapse of molar relationship. The initial severity of Class II molar relationship was not correlated to relapse in the post-retention period. When compared, the two groups showed no difference in relapse of molar relationship. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that correction of Class II molar relationship is stable and initial severity does not influence relapse of molar relationship.
Effect of dental bleaching after bracket bonding and debonding using three different adhesive systems
Authors: Gomes Lucianna de Oliveira , Mathias Paula , Rizzo Patricia , Araújo Telma Martins de , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets on dental in-home bleaching, taking into account three different adhesive systems. METHODS: Forty-four bovine incisors were divided into four groups according to the primer system used for orthodontic bracket bonding. Following the debonding of orthodontic brackets, the teeth were stored in staining solution for 96 hours. Then, teeth were whitened using 10% carbamide peroxide for two weeks at a 6-hour-a-day regime. Standardized digital photographs were taken at the following intervals: T0 (initial); T1 (after debonding); T2 (after pigmentation); T3, T4 and T5 representing 1, 7, and 14 days of bleaching. Repeatability and stability tests were carried out to check the method accuracy. Images were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software considering (L*a*b*)color coordinate values and a modified color difference total (Δ;E'). RESULTS: The results of this study (ANOVA and Tukey; p < 0.01) demonstrated that after 7 days of bleaching, experimental groups showed significantly less teeth whitening compared to the control group. However, there were no significant color differences between the groups after 14 days, according to values of lightness (L*). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the adhesive primer system applied, bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets alters the outcome of tooth whitening in the first 7 days of bleaching, however it has no influence on the whitening of the dental structure after 14 days of in-home dental bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide.
Comparative study of the soft tissue of young Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients
Authors: Fernandes Thais Maria Freire , Pinzan Arnaldo , Sathler Renata , Freitas Marcos Roberto de , Janson Guilherme , Vieira Fabiano Paiva
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: To determine the normality mean values in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements of young Japanese-Brazilian, with normal occlusion and compare the results of the variables with compatible samples of young Caucasians and Mongoloids. METHODS: Forty radiographs of young Caucasians, 32 of Japanese-Brazilians and 33 of Mongoloids were used. The three samples presented individuals with normal occlusion and well-balanced face. The samples were divided by gender due to the soft tissue characteristics and to facilitate comparison. The following statistical tests were performed: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with p < 0.05. RESULTS: The Japanese-Brazilian sample of females showed thinner soft tissues in the nasion region and smaller nose when compared to the Caucasians. The Mongoloid sample showed thinner tissues in the supramentonian and pogonion regions. In males, the Japanese-Brazilians had thinner tissues in the nasion region; thicker lower lip and supramentonian region in comparison to the Caucasian sample. For the Mongoloid, soft tissue was thicker in the glabella and ANS-Sn regions. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to use specific soft tissue standards for this mixed race.
Reconstructed arch bridge using a proprietary system
Authors: Gatheral John Alexander
Published: August 2013

Flax Lane Bridge in Lancashire was reconstructed in 2011 using a proprietary arch bridge system. It won the ICE North-West Region Small Project of the Year Award in February 2012. This paper describes the damage suffered by the original, historic, single span, brick arch structure during the extreme winter of 2009–2010. The renewal options are discussed, together with how early engagement with the contractor allowed confidence in predicted out-turn costs by the use of the chosen system, allowing the most effective option to be identified. Long-term, whole-life maintenance issues are considered along with the ecological and environmental constraints on the project.
Marine renewable energy development: assessing the Benthic Footprint at multiple scales
Authors: Miller Raeanne G , Hutchison Zoë L , Macleod Adrian K , Burrows Michael T , Cook Elizabeth J , Last Kim S , Wilson Ben
Published: August 2013

Increasing concerns over global climate change and sustainable fuel procurement are driving the search for new ways to derive energy from the seas. Globally, the offshore wind energy sector has progressed rapidly, and wave and tidal‐current energy converters are now approaching deployment at commercial scales. To date, most studies of the ecological effects of marine renewable energy development have concentrated on birds and marine mammals. Here, we focus on the consequences for benthic flora and fauna, and for benthic habitats across a variety of scales. We use a “Benthic Footprint” concept to discuss the potential for species‐specific environmental responses, and to consider the poorly understood cumulative effects of wind, wave, and tidal‐current energy operations on marine ecosystems. Collaborations between ecologists, industry specialists, and government bodies, as well as better designs for devices, arrays, and developments consisting of multiple arrays, can contribute to the goal of reducing the Benthic Footprint of marine renewable energy, thereby facilitating large‐scale implementation of these technologies.
A Predictive Model of Anesthesia Depth Based on SVM in the Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Shi Li , Li Xiaoyuan , Wan Hong
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a novel model for predicting anesthesia depth is put forward based on local field potentials (LFPs) in the primary visual cortex (V1 area) of rats. The model is constructed using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to realize anesthesia depth online prediction and classification. The raw LFP signal was first decomposed into some special scaling components. Among these components, those containing higher frequency information were well suited for more precise analysis of the performance of the anesthetic depth by wavelet transform. Secondly, the characteristics of anesthetized states were extracted by complexity analysis. In addition, two frequency domain parameters were selected. The above extracted features were used as the input vector of the predicting model. Finally, we collected the anesthesia samples from the LFP recordings under the visual stimulus experiments of Long Evans rats. Our results indicate that the predictive model is accurate and computationally fast, and that it is also well suited for online predicting.
Intrasynovial Tendon Graft for Chronic Flexor Tendon Laceration of the Finger: A Case Report
Authors: Sasaki Jun , Itsubo Toshiro , Nakamura Koichi , Hayashi Masanori , Uchiyama Shigeharu , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: August 2013

We present the case of a patient with flexor digitorum profundus tendon laceration at the A2 pulley level caused by an injury to the base of the right ring finger by a knife. The patient was treated by flexor tendon reconstruction from the palm to the fingertip by using the left second toe flexor tendon as a graft, which improved the active range of motion. Further improvement was achieved by subsequent tenolysis, which eventually restored nearly normal function. Our experience with this case indicates that the intrasynovial tendon is a reasonable graft source for the synovial space in fingers and may enable restoration of excellent postoperative function.
Quantification of Vertebral Involvement in Metastatic Spinal Disease
Authors: Botelho Ricardo Vieira , de Oliveira Matheus Fernandes , Rotta Jose Marcus
Published: August 2013

Introduction:

For patients with a solitary and well-delimitated spinal metastasis that resides inside the vertebral body, without vertebral canal invasion, and who are in good general health with a long life expectancy, en bloc spondylectomy/total vertebrectomy combined with the use of primary stabilizing instrumentation has been advocated. However, clinical experience suggests that these qualifying conditions occur very rarely.

Objective:

The purpose of this paper is to quantify the distribution of vertebral involvement in spinal metastases and determine the frequency with which patients can be considered candidates for radical surgery (en bloc spondylectomy).

Methods:

Consecutive patients were classified accordingly to Enneking’s and Tomita’s schemes for grading vertebral involvement of metastases.

Results:

Fifty-one (51) consecutive patients were evaluated. Eighty-three percent of patients presented with the involvement of multiple vertebral levels and/or spinal canal invasion.

Conclusion:

Because of diffuse vertebral involvement of metastases, no patients in this sample were considered to be candidates for radical spondylectomy of vertebral metastasis.
Can Auditors Mitigate Information Asymmetry in M&As? An Empirical Analysis of the Method of Payment in Belgian Transactions
Authors: Luypaert Mathieu , Van Caneghem Tom
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between the external financial statement audit and the method of payment across a sample of Belgian mergers and acquisitions between listed and private firms over the period 1997–2009. We investigate whether a Big N audit (at the target level) reduces the need for a contingent payment resulting from information asymmetry about the target's value. In addition, we analyze whether a Big N audit (at the bidder level) limits incentives for bidders to exploit private information about their own value. Using multivariate ordered probit and binary regression models, we determine that contingent payments are less common when the target is audited by a Big N auditor after controlling for several other deal and firm characteristics. Furthermore, we find that the incentive to use stock payments in periods of stock market overvaluation is lower for acquirers with a Big N auditor. Finally, target shareholders are more likely to accept a contingent offer if the acquirer's financial statements are certified by a Big N auditor.

JEL Classifications: G34; M4.
Empagliflozin as Add-on to Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Häring Hans-Ulrich , Merker Ludwig , Seewaldt-Becker Elke , Weimer Marc , Meinicke Thomas , Woerle Hans J. , Broedl Uli C. ,   on behalf of the EMPA-REG METSU Trial Investigators
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of empagliflozin as add-on to metformin and sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Patients inadequately controlled on metformin and sulfonylurea (HbA1c ≥7 to ≤10%) were randomized and treated with once-daily empagliflozin 10 mg (n = 225), empagliflozin 25 mg (n = 216), or placebo (n = 225) for 24 weeks. The primary end point was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 24. Key secondary end points were changes from baseline in weight and mean daily glucose (MDG) at week 24.

RESULTS

At week 24, adjusted mean (SE) changes from baseline in HbA1c were −0.17% (0.05) for placebo vs. −0.82% (0.05) and −0.77% (0.05) for empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively (both P < 0.001). Empagliflozin significantly reduced MDG, weight, and systolic (but not diastolic) blood pressure versus placebo. Adverse events were reported in 62.7, 67.9, and 64.1% of patients on placebo and empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively. Events consistent with urinary tract infection were reported in 8.0, 10.3, and 8.3% of patients on placebo and empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively (females: 13.3, 18.0, and 17.5%, respectively; males: 2.7, 2.7, and 0%, respectively). Events consistent with genital infection were reported in 0.9, 2.7, and 2.3% of patients on placebo and empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively (females: 0.9, 4.5, and 3.9%, respectively; males: 0.9% in each group).

CONCLUSIONS

Empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg for 24 weeks as add-on to metformin plus sulfonylurea improved glycemic control, weight, and systolic blood pressure and were well tolerated.
Optical spectrum behaviour of a coupled laser system under chaotic synchronization conditions
Authors: Andrei I. R. , Popescu G. V. , Pascu M. L.
Published: August 2013

Synchronization characteristics of two bidirectionally coupled semiconductor lasers, one operating in a chaotic regime with low-frequency fluctuations and the other with free laser beam emission, were experimentally investigated. The chaotic synchronization regimes and optical spectral behavior of the coupled system were analyzed with respect to the optical spectra emitted initially by the two uncoupled lasers operated under the same feedback conditions. It was observed that the number of synchronization regimes that can be obtained and their stability depend on the similarity of spectral structures of the uncoupled lasers emissions. The dominant active laser modes of the coupled system emission coincide with the laser modes of the one or both uncoupled laser emissions, depending on the operating synchronization regime. We have associated changes in the optical spectrum of the coupled system with the synchronization regimes. The repartition of power between the active modes of a coupled system allows identification of the synchronization regime.