bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A health equity impact assessment umbrella program (AAPRISS) to tackle social inequalities in health: program description
Authors: Lang Thierry , Bidault Elsa , Villeval Mélanie , Alias François , Gandouet Benjamin , Servat Martine , Theis Ivan , Breton Eric , Haschar-Noé Nadine , Grosclaude Pascale
Published: March 2015

Background:

The failure to simultaneously address two objectives (increasing the average health of the population and reducing health inequalities) may have led to what has been observed in France so far: an overall decrease in mortality and increase in inequality.

Objective:

The Apprendre et Agir pour Réduire les Inégalités Sociales de Santé (AAPRISS) methodology is to analyze and modify interventions that are already underway in terms of their potential impact on health inequalities. It relies on partnership between researchers and actors in the health field, as well as policy makers. In this paper, we describe the program and discuss its feasibility and acceptability.

Methods:

This program is not a single intervention, but a process aiming at assessing and reshaping existing health programs, therefore acting as a kind of meta-intervention. The program develops scientific and methodological support stemming from co-construction methods aimed at increasing equity within the programs. Stakeholders from prevention policy-making and the health care system, as well as researchers, collaborate in defining interventions, monitoring their progress, and choosing indicators, methods and evaluation procedures. The target population is mainly the population of the greater Toulouse area. The steps of the process are described: (1) establishment of AAPRISS governance and partnerships; (2) inclusion of projects; and (3) the projects’ process.

Discussion:

Many partners have rallied around this program, which has been shown to be feasible and acceptable by partners and health actors. A major challenge is understanding each partner’s expectations in terms of temporality of interventions, expected outcomes, assessment methods and indicators. Analyzing the projects has been quite feasible, and some modifications have been implemented in them in order to take inequalities in health into account.
Safe and Efficacious Use of Automated Bolus Advisors in Individuals Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injection (MDI) Therapy
Authors: Parkin Christopher G. , Barnard Katharine , Hinnen Deborah A.
Published: March 2015

Numerous studies have shown that use of integrated automated bolus advisors (BAs) provides significant benefits to individuals using insulin pump devices, including improved glycemic control and greater treatment satisfaction. Within the past few years, BA devices have been developed specifically for individuals treated with multiple daily insulin injection (MDI) therapy; however, many clinicians who treat these individuals may be unfamiliar with insulin pump therapy and, thus, BA use. Findings from the Automated Bolus Advisor Control and Usability Study (ABACUS) revealed that BA use can be efficacious and clinically meaningful in MDI therapy, and that most patients are willing and able to use this technology appropriately when adequate clinical support is provided. The purpose of this article is to review key learnings from ABACUS and provide practical advice for initiating BA use and monitoring therapy.
Improvements in Body Satisfaction Among Obese Preadolescent African American Girls After Participation in a Weight-Loss Intervention
Authors: Vincent Danielle Lorch , Newton Anna , Hanks Lynae J. , Fontaine Kevin , Casazza Krista
Published: March 2015

Objective. To evaluate the relationship between body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and changes in body mass index (BMI) and body fat in 40 obese African American (AA) preadolescent females, aged 7 to 12 years, participating in a weight-loss intervention. Methods. The 18-week intervention consisted of 2 phases: a 6-week eucaloric phase and a 12-week hypocaloric phase, in which all food was provided. The Contour Drawing Rating Scale adapted for use in AA populations assessed body dissatisfaction. Self-efficacy was assessed by the Weight Efficacy Life-Style Questionnaire and self-esteem by Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale. Total body fat and trunk fat were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results. Findings indicated that body dissatisfaction was positively associated with trunk fat at 6 weeks and BMI at the end of the intervention, and a higher BMI was associated with a larger perceived body figure, though these associations varied over the course of the study. Conclusions and Implications. Participation in a weight-loss intervention, which results in actual and perceived reductions in BMI and trunk fat, offers a capacity to improve the psychological status and well-being of obese preadolescent AA females.
Deficits in Quadriceps Strength and Patient-Oriented Outcomes at Return to Activity After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Lepley Lindsey K.
Published: March 2015

Context:

Side-to-side quadriceps strength deficits are linked to hazardous lower extremity mechanics and reduced function at a time when individuals are returned to activity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. As a result, generalized criteria have emerged in the literature, wherein researchers are recommending that patients be cleared for participation once side-to-side differences in strength are ≤10% of the noninjured limb. Similar recommendations exist for patient-oriented outcomes (ie, self-reported function and hop tests), where deficits of ≤10% are considered ideal at return to activity. It is unclear how many studies actually achieve these clinically recommended results.

Evidence Acquisition:

Articles that reported quadriceps strength deficits as compared to the contralateral limb were collected from peer-reviewed sources available on Medline and Web of Science databases (1990 through August 2014). Search terms included the following: anterior cruciate ligament OR ACL AND muscle weakness, anterior cruciate ligament OR ACL AND strength; return-to-activity AND strength; anterior cruciate ligament OR ACL AND quadriceps.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

Average side-to-side strength deficits at 6 months postreconstruction were 23% ± 8% (range, 3%-40%), while the average at 12 months postsurgery was found to be 14% ± 6% (range, 3%-28%). The average deficits in self-reported function at 6 months (mean, 14% ± 5%) and 12 months postsurgery (mean, 13% ± 6%) were also found to be >10%. Performance on hop tests was found to be less than optimal at 6 months postsurgery (mean, 11% ± 7%), but improved at 12 months postsurgery (mean, 1.3% ± 2%).

Conclusion:

This review provides an up-to-date account of the typical deficits in strength and patient-oriented outcomes that exist when formalized physical therapy concludes after ACL reconstruction. Based on the studies included, it seems pertinent that researchers and clinicians continue to investigate interventions capable of improving the recovery of quadriceps strength as well as patient-oriented outcomes as the majority of studies report levels that are well below clinical recommendations.
A Unique Incidental Finding in Two Young Dancers
Authors: Miller Marshal N. , Close Jeremy D.
Published: March 2015

Dancers frequently present to the sports medicine clinic with a variety of lower extremity complaints ranging from acute and traumatic injuries to more chronic, overuse injuries. This case series depicts a similar and unique incidental radiographic finding found in 2 young dancers seen at the same sports medicine clinic. While the findings are likely benign and unrelated to both patients’ initial presentation, the finding of acroosteolysis can be found in more serious systemic and genetic processes as well an early finding in repetitive trauma.
Facilitating Early-In-Day Discharge for Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Intravenous Methylprednisolone
Authors: Probasco John C. , Hawley Gina , Burnett Margie , Gibson Lorrie , Carter Kathryn , Harlow Elizabeth , Russell Holly , Huffman Linda , Adams Jane , Ziegler Terry , Sporney Hilary , Levy Michael , Puttgen Hans A.
Published: March 2015

Background and Purpose:

Delays in patient hospital discharge affect care value through costs of prolonged length of stay and barriers to patient flow within the hospital. We sought to facilitate early-in-day discharges (EIDDs) without extending length of stay for inpatients with multiple sclerosis admitted for acute exacerbations and treated with intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone.

Methods:

We developed a standardized admission order set, a provider checklist, and a patient checklist to better coordinate in-hospital care and discharge planning for patients with multiple sclerosis admitted for IV methylprednisolone treatment. The order set allowed providers to enter an accelerated dosing schedule of methylprednisolone, as appropriate, to ensure administration of the final dose of methylprednisolone in the morning on the anticipated day of discharge. We compared a prospective intervention cohort to a retrospective, preintervention baseline cohort.

Results:

At baseline (N = 25), 12.0% of patients were EIDD compared to 40.7% of intervention patients (N = 27; P = .03). In all, 85.2% of intervention patients compared to 64.0% of baseline patients were discharged on the same day as last methylprednisolone treatment ( P = .11). No difference was observed in median length of stay and 30-day readmission rate between groups.

Conclusions:

Use of a standard admission order set as well as provider and patient checklists can facilitate EIDD and hospital bed availability without compromising care quality for a select group of neurology inpatients.
Best Practice at Your Fingertips
Authors: DuChateau Teresa A. , Beversdorf Sarah , Wolff Marie
Published: March 2015

School nurses are responsible for providing and supervising school nursing services for children with complex health concerns. Given that school nurses frequently practice in isolation and may have limited access to clinical practice changes, they can benefit from up-to-date, evidence-based resources. Additionally, the resources must account for the fact that the nursing procedures will be performed in the unique setting of a school building and, in many cases, will be performed by school personnel who have limited formal education in health care. This article provides an overview of a newly developed, easy to use, online school nursing procedures website for school nurses and other school personnel.
Two or three primary dose regime for Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Thumburu Kiran K. , Singh Meenu , Das Rashmi Ranjan , Jaiswal Nishant , Agarwal Amit , Kumar Ajay , Kaur Harpreet
Published: March 2015

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is an important cause of meningitis and pneumonia in children. Despite the availability of Hib conjugate vaccine, many countries are still to implement it in their immunization schedule. Before introducing the vaccine in routine immunization programs, it is important to know not only the cumulative efficacy but also the efficacy of each vaccine dose. The primary objective of this review is to find whether two primary dose schedule of Hib vaccine is equally efficacious as the standard three primary dose schedule. A highly sensitive online search was run using the terms ‘Haemophilus Vaccines’ or ‘ Haemophilus influenzae type b’ and ‘conjugate vaccine’, and Medline (Ovid), PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and Scopus were explored for prospective randomized controlled studies. Data were extracted in a predesigned proforma and analyzed using RevMan software. Nine randomized studies were included in the analysis. Pooled vaccine efficacy using a fixed effects model against confirmed invasive Hib disease following the 3, 2 and 1 primary dose schedule were 82% [95% confidence interval (CI) 73-87], 79% (95% CI 54–90) and 65% (95% CI 23–84), respectively, and the overall efficacy was 80% (95% CI 72–85). To conclude, we found that Hib conjugate vaccine is highly efficacious and that the two dose regime is as good as the three dose regime. [The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42013004490)].
Decision-Theoretic Psychiatry
Authors: Huys Quentin J. M. , Guitart-Masip Marc , Dolan Raymond J. , Dayan Peter
Published: March 2015

Psychiatric disorders profoundly impair many aspects of decision making. Poor choices have negative consequences in the moment and make it very hard to navigate complex social environments. Computational neuroscience provides normative, neurobiologically informed descriptions of the components of decision making that serve as a platform for a principled exploration of dysfunctions. Here, we identify and discuss three classes of failure modes arising in these formalisms. They stem from abnormalities in the framing of problems or tasks, from the mechanisms of cognition used to solve the tasks, or from the historical data available from the environment.
(Collective) Memory of Racial Violence and the Social Construction of the Hispanic Category among Houston Hispanics
Authors: Korver-Glenn Elizabeth
Published: March 2015

Prior U.S.-based research examining the collective remembrance of racially charged events has focused on the black-white binary, largely bypassing such remembrance among U.S. Hispanics. In this article, I ask how a group of Mexican-origin Hispanics in an historic Houston barrio remember two racially charged events as well as whether and how these events are publicly commemorated. Additionally, race and collective memory research has often highlighted the role of collective memory in shaping race relations. I argue that collective memory can also be an institution, structuring macro- and micro-level representations of race. Thus, I ask whether and how respondents’ memories shape the social construction of the Hispanic category. I find strong memory convergence with respect to one event—the case of Jose Campos Torres—and divergence in three directions with respect to the Moody Park riot. The former corresponds to a collective understanding of what Hispanic meant in the past while the latter corresponds to a fractured understanding of what Hispanic means in the present. I also explore how respondents’ racial self-perceptions coincide with their various interpretations of the riot. Overall, I theorize that a fractured collective memory of a racially charged event suggests a fractured collective identity and contributes to an ambiguous Hispanic category. I conclude by discussing suggestions for future research.
Innsbruckite, Mn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38 – a new mineral from the Tyrol, Austria
Authors: Krüger Hannes , Tropper Peter , Haefeker Udo , Kaindl Reinhard , Tribus Martina , Kahlenberg Volker , Wikete Christoph , Fuchs Martin R. , Olieric Vincent
Published: March 2015

A description of the new mineral innsbruckite, Mn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38, a hydrous manganese phyllosilicate found in Tyrol, Austria is given. The crystal structure was determined by singlecrystal synchrotron radiation diffraction experiments at the X06DA beamline at the Swiss Light Source (Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland). The space group is Cm and lattice parameters are a = 17.2760(19), b = 35.957(5), c = 7.2560(8) Å , β = 91.359(7)º, V = 4506.1(10) Å3, Z = 2. Innsbruckite belongs to the group of modulated 1:1 layer silicates and is chemically and structurally quite closely related to bementite, Mn7(Si2O5)3(OH)8. The chemical analysis revealed a close to ideal composition with only minor amounts of Al, Fe and Mg. Using Liebau’s nomenclature for silicate classification the silicate anion can be described as an unbranched siebener single layer. Innsbruckite shows a complex topology of the silicate sheet, exhibiting 4-, 5-, 6- and 8-membered rings. The silicate sheet is fully characterized using vertex symbols, and its topology is compared to those in other complex sheet silicates. Furthermore, the structural investigation is complemented with Raman spectroscopic studies.
Leguernite, Bi12.67O14(SO4)5, a new Bi oxysulfate from the fumarole deposit of La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
Authors: Garavelli Anna , Pinto Daniela , Mitolo Donatella , Bindi Luca
Published: March 2015

Leguernite, ideally Bi12.67O14(SO4)5, is a new mineral found in high-temperature fumarolic assemblages at La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. It occurs as aggregates of needleshaped crystals associated strictly with anglesite, balićžunićite and an unknown Bi sulfate. Leguernite is colourless to white, transparent, non-fluorescent, has a sub-adamantine lustre and a white streak. Electron microprobe data led to the chemical formula (on the basis of 34 anions p.f.u.) (Bi12.40Pb0.15)Σ=12.55S5.08O34. The calculated density is 7.375 g cm–3. A Raman spectrum collected on a single crystal of leguernite confirmed the anhydrous nature of the mineral.

Leguernite is monoclinic, space group P2, with a = 11.2486(11), b = 5.6568(6), c = 11.9139(10) Å , β = 99.177(7)º, V = 748.39(12) Å3 and Z = 1. The crystal structure is built up of Bi–O blocks of a fluorite-like structure with Bi12O14 composition separated by a single sulfate ion along [100] and by Bi(SO4)45– groups along [101]. It can also be described as composed of (001) layers with composition [Bi12O14(SO4)6+]n alternating with layers of composition [Bi(SO4)4]n5– along [001]. Leguernite shows significant similarities with the synthetic Bi14O16(SO4)5 compound.

The eight strongest reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction data [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 3.220 (100) (013), 3.100 (95) (11), 2.83 (30) (020), 2.931 (25) (302), 2.502 (25) (04), 2.035 (20) (322), 1.875 (20) (24) and 5.040 (15) (110).

The name is in honour of Franc¸ois “Fanfan” Le Guern (1942–2011), who was a very active volcanologist and specialist in volcanic gases and sublimates. Both the mineral and the mineral name have been approved by the IMA-CNMNC (2013–051).
Structure of Sr-Zr-bearing perrierite-(Ce) from the Burpala Massif, Russia
Authors: Stachowicz Marcin , Bagiński Bogusław , Macdonald Ray , Kartashov Pavel M. , OzięBło Artur , Wożniak Krzysztof
Published: March 2015

Sr- and Zr-bearing perrierite-(Ce) occurring in aegirinized syenite pegmatites of the Burpala massif, Russia, is compositionally intermediate between perrierite-(Ce) and hezuolinite and occupies a compositional gap in minerals of the chevkinite group. Its crystal structure has been determined using a single-crystal diffractometer fitted with a CCD detector and MoKα X-ray radiation. The mineral is monoclinic; a = 13.815(1), b = 5.668(1), c = 11.842(1) Å , β = 113.843(3)º, V = 848.18(4) Å3, space group C2/m, Z = 2. The crystal structure was refined with the occupancies [(Ce1.2La1.0Nd0.15) (Sr1.0Ca0.5Na0.15)]4(Zr0.5Fe0.3Mn0.2)(Ti1.3Fe0.7)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 on the basis of chemical composition although the allocation of cations to particular sites was performed on the basis of the number of refined electrons in each unique site. The dominance of Zr in the B site links the Burpala perrierite-(Ce) to more Sr-Zr-rich members of the chevkinite group, such as hezuolinite and rengeite. As in all of the perrierite members, there is a distortion of the D site octahedra, which is interpreted as due to the packing of the REE ions.
High-pressure Raman study of CH4in melanophlogite (type I clathrate)
Authors: Gatta G. D. , Bersani D. , Lottici P. P. , Tribaudino M.
Published: March 2015

The evolution with pressure of the CH4vibrational modes related to C–H stretching has been followed byin situRaman spectroscopy on a single crystal of cubic melanophlogite from Varano Marchesi (Parma, Italy) containing only CH4in the cages. The sample was compressed hydrostatically in a diamond anvil cell up to 6.5 GPa, using a non-penetratingP-transmitting medium. Two modes at 2900 and 2910 cm–1(ν1 and ν2) were followed in response to the applied pressure, corresponding to C–H stretching of CH4enclathrated in the 51262and 512cages, respectively. A change in slope of the frequencyvs.Plinear trend of the sharper peak at 2900 cm–1, observed between 1 and 1.5 GPa, is interpreted as evidence of the P-induced cubic to tetragonal transition, previously observed by X-ray diffraction atP≥ 1.2 GPa. At pressures below the transition, the shift with P of the CH4modes is comparable to that observed in methane ice hydrate, which becomes hexagonal atP≥ 0.9 GPa however. The ratio of the integrated areas of the two C–H stretching Raman peaks does not change significantly with pressure across the transition. AtP≥ 5.1 GPa, a shoulder appears, close to the n1 peak, along with a slight change in slope of peak shift and peak broadening. The shoulder is maintained in decompression down toP= 4.4 GPa, showing slight hysteresis. At the same pressures however, X-ray diffraction shows no evidence of a phase transition, suggesting that a rearrangement of CH4configuration occurs, without any effect on the tetrahedral framework.
The stability of onoratoite, Sb8O11Cl2, in the supergene environment
Authors: Roper Adam J. , Leverett Peter , Murphy Timothy D. , Williams Peter A.
Published: March 2015

Synthesis and solubility studies of onoratoite have been undertaken to determine the role of this rare secondary phase in the immobilization of Sb and the conditions responsible for its formation in the supergene zone. Solubility studies were undertaken at 298.15 K. A value of ΔGfθ(Sb8O11Cl2, s, 298.15 K) = –2576 ±12 kJ mol–1was derived. Calculations involving sénarmontite, Sb2O3, klebelsbergite, Sb4O4SO4(OH)2and schafarzikite, FeSb2O4, show that onoratoite is a thermodynamically stable phase only at negligible activities of SO42–(aq) and low activities of Fe2+(aq), at low pH and very high activities of Cl–(aq). This explains why onoratoite is such a rare secondary phase and why it cannot exert any significant influence on the dispersion of Sb in the supergene environment.
Unique thallium mineralization in the fumaroles of Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. I. Markhininite, TlBi(SO4)2
Authors: Siidra Oleg I. , Vergasova Lidiya P. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Kretser Yuri L. , Zaitsev Anatoly N. , Filatov Stanislav K.
Published: March 2015

Markhininite, ideally TlBi(SO4)2, was found in a fumarole of the 1st cinder cone of the North Breach of the Great Fissure Tolbachik volcano eruption (1975–1976), Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Markhininite occurs as white pseudohexagonal plates associated with shcherbinaite, pauflerite, bobjonesite, karpovite, evdokimovite and microcrystalline Mg, Al, Fe and Na sulfates. Markhininite is triclinic, P, a = 7.378(3), b = 10.657(3), c = 10.657(3) Å , α = 61.31(3), β = 70.964(7), γ = 70.964(7)º, V = 680.2(4) Å3, Z = 4 (from single-crystal diffraction data). The eight strongest lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are (I/d/hkl): 68/4.264/111, 100/3.441/113, 35/3.350/222, 24/3.125/122, 23/3.054/202, 45/2.717/022, 20/2.217/331, 34/2.114/204. Chemical composition determined by electron microprobe analysis is (wt.%): Tl2O 35.41, Bi2O338.91, SO325.19, total 99.51. The empirical formula based on 8 O a.p.f.u. is Tl1.04Bi1.05S1.97O8. The simplified formula is TlBi(SO4)2, which requires Tl2O 35.08, Bi2O338.48, SO326.44, total 100.00 wt.%. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R1= 0.055 on the basis of 1425 independent observed reflections. The structure contains four Tl+and two Bi3+sites in holodirected symmetrical coordination. BiO8tetragonal antiprisms and SO4tetrahedra in markhininite share common O atoms to produce [Bi(SO4)2]–layers of the yavapaiite type. The layers are parallel to (111) and linked together through interlayer Tl+cations. The mineral is named in honour of Professor Yevgeniy Konstantinovich Markhinin (b. 1926), Institute of Volcanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia, in recognition of his contributions to volcanology. Markhininite is the first oxysalt compound that contains both Tl and Bi in an ordered crystal structure.
Unique thallium mineralization in the fumaroles of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. II. Karpovite, Tl2VO(SO4)2(H2O)
Authors: Siidra Oleg I. , Vergasova Lidiya P. , Kretser Yuri L. , Polekhovsky Yuri S. , Filatov Stanislav K. , Krivovichev Sergey V.
Published: March 2015

Karpovite, ideally Tl2VO(SO4)2(H2O), was found in a fumarole of the 1st cinder cone of the North Breach of the Great Fissure Tolbachik volcano eruption (1975–1976), Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Karpovite occurs as bundles of white, needle-like crystals associated with shcherbinaite, pauflerite, bobjonesite, markhininite, evdokimovite and microcrystalline Mg, Al, Fe and Na sulfates. Karpovite is monoclinic, P21, a = 4.6524(4), b = 11.0757(9), c = 9.3876(7) Å , β = 98.353(2)º, V = 478.60(7) Å3, Z = 2 (from single-crystal diffraction data). The eight strongest lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are (I/d/hkl): 64/4.289/012, 81/4.253/110, 38/3.683/111, 47/3.557/022, 100/3.438/21, 52/2.982/013, 59/2.945/112, 54/2.354/132. The chemical composition determined by the electron microprobe analysis is (wt.%) Tl2O 61.43, VO211.53, SO323.55, H2O 2.61, total 99.12. The empirical formula (calculated on the basis of 10 O a.p.f.u.) is Tl2.00V0.96S2.03O9(H2O). The simplified formula of karpovite is Tl2VO(SO4)2(H2O), which requires Tl2O 61.93, VO212.09, SO323.34, H2O 2.62 total 100.00 wt.%. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R1= 0.026 for 4196 independent observed reflections. The structure contains two symmetrically independent Tl+sites, one V4+site and two S6+sites. VO5H2O octahedra and SO4tetrahedra link together by sharing corners to form kröhnkite-type stripes parallel to the a axis with their planes oriented parallel to (021) and (02). Tl+cations are located between the chains, linked into a three-dimensional structure. The new mineral is named in honour of Professor Gennadii Alexandrovich Karpov (b. 1938), volcanologist at the Institute of Volcanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia.
Functional twin boundaries and tweed microstructures: a comparison between minerals and device materials
Authors: Aktas Oktay , Salje Ekhard K. H.
Published: March 2015

In ferroelastic materials, the existence of degenerate strain states leads to the formation of nanoscale microstructures, such as domain boundaries (twin walls) and tweed. As the symmetry properties of microstructures differ from those of the bulk, they may dramatically change the macroscopic properties of a crystal. In addition, they are likely to have functional properties (ferroelecricity, piezoelectricity, magnetism, conductivity and rapid chemical transport) that are absent in the bulk. The existence of functional properties of twin walls, along with the advances in nano-scale characterization, has opened the door to domain boundary engineering, which aims to use domain boundaries as active elements in device materials. Hence, this relatively new field puts ferroelastic twin walls and possibly tweed at the heart of future electronic devices. Ferroelasticity is very common among minerals. Similar to manmade materials, the same crystallographic principles apply, which means that there are many minerals that await discovery for their functional properties. Thus, this review aims to raise attention to the discovery of minerals with functional microstructures. The current development of functional twin boundaries and tweed structures in physics and materials sciences is compared with the traditional observation of such structures in minerals. With an emphasis on chemical transport and piezoelectric/ ferroelectric behaviour, examples of functional microstructures are given from both man-made materials and minerals in addition to a discussion of the origin of polar twin walls and the introduction of a recent experimental technique, resonant piezoelectric spectroscopy (RPS), for their discovery.
Lukkulaisvaaraite, Pd14Ag2Te9, a new mineral from Lukkulaisvaara intrusion, northern Russian Karelia, Russia
Authors: Vymazalová A. , Grokhovskaya T. L. , Laufek F. , Rassulov V. A.
Published: March 2015

Lukkulaisvaaraite, Pd14Ag2Te9, is a new platinum-group mineral discovered in the Lukkulaisvaara intrusion, northern Russian Karelia, Russia. In polished section crystals are ~40 mm across, rimmed by tulameenite and accompanied to varying degrees by telargpalite and Bi-rich kotulskite. Lukkulaisvaaraite is brittle, has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. Values of VHN20 fall between 339 and 371 kg mm–2, with a mean value of 355 kg mm–2, corresponding to a Mohs hardness of ~4. In plane-polarized light, lukkulaisvaaraite is light grey with a brownish tinge, has strong bireflectance, light brownish-grey to greyish-brown pleochroism and distinct to strong anisotropy; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values of lukkulaisvaaraite in air (R1, R2, in %) are: 40.9, 48.3 at 470 nm, 47.6, 56.4 at 546 nm, 52.1, 61.0 at 589 nm and 57.5, 65.2 at 650 nm. Five electron microprobe analyses of natural lukkulaisvaaraite gave the average composition Pd 52.17, Ag 7.03 and Te 40.36, total 99.61 wt.%, corresponding to the empirical formula Pd14.05Ag1.88Te9.06 based on 25 atoms; the average of nine analyses on synthetic lukkulaisvaaraite is Pd 52.13, Ag 7.31 and Te 40.58, total 100.02 wt.%, corresponding to Pd13.99Ag1.93Te9.08. The mineral is tetragonal, space group I4/m, with a = 8.9599(6), c = 11.822(1) Å , V = 949.1(1) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of synthetic Pd14Ag2Te9. Lukkulaisvaaraite has a unique structure type and shows similarities to that of sopcheite (Ag4Pd3Te4) and palladseite (Pd17Se15). The strongest lines in the powder XRD pattern of synthetic lukkulaisvaaraite [d(Å),I,hkl] are: 2.8323(58)(130,310), 2.8088(92),(213), 2.5542(66)(312), 2.4312(41)(321,231), 2.1367(57)(411,141), 2.1015(52)(233,323), 2.0449(100)(314), 2.0031(63)(420,240), 1.9700(30)(006), 1.4049(30)(246,426), 1.3187(36)(543,453). The mineral is named for the type locality, the Lukkulaisvaara intrusion in Russian Karelia.
Barlowite, Cu4FBr(OH)6, a new mineral isotructural with claringbullite: description and crystal structure
Authors: Elliott Peter , Cooper Mark A. , Pring Allan
Published: March 2015

The new mineral species barlowite, ideally Cu4FBr(OH)6, has been found at the Great Australia mine, Cloncurry, Queensland, Australia. It is the Br and F analogue of claringbullite. Barlowite forms thin blue, platy, hexagonal crystals up to 0.5 mm wide in a cuprite-quartz-goethite matrix associated with gerhardtite and brochantite. Crystals are transparent to translucent with a vitreous lustre. The streak is sky blue. The Mohs hardness is 2–2.5. The tenacity is brittle, the fracture is irregular and there is one perfect cleavage on {001}. Density could not be measured; the mineral sinks in the heaviest liquid available, diluted Clerici solution (D &3.8 g/cm3). The density calculated from the empirical formula is 4.21 g/cm3. Crystals are readily soluble in cold dilute HCl. The mineral is optically non-pleochroic and uniaxial (–). The following optical constants measured in white light vary slightly suggesting a small variation in the proportions of F, Cl and Br: ω 1.840(4)–1.845(4) and ε 1.833(4)–1.840(4). The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of 18 oxygen atoms and H2O calculated to achieve 8 anions and charge balance, is Cu4.00F1.11Br0.95Cl0.09(OH)5.85. Barlowite is hexagonal, space group P63/mmc, a = 6.6786(2), c = 9.2744(3) Å , V = 358.251(19) Å3, Z = 2. The five strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d(Å )(I)(hkl)]: 5.790(100)(010); 2.889(40)(020); 2.707(55)(112); 2.452(40)(022); 1.668(30)(220).
Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XVI. Carducciite, (AgSb)Pb6(As,Sb)8S20, a new Sb-rich derivative of rathite from the Pollone mine, Valdicastello Carducci: occurrence and crystal structure
Authors: Biagioni Cristian , Orlandi Paolo , Moëlo Yves , Bindi Luca
Published: March 2015

The new mineral species carducciite, (AgSb)Pb6(As,Sb)8S20, has been discovered in the baryte-pyrite- (Pb-Ag-Zn) deposit of the Pollone mine, near Valdicastello Carducci, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs as black metallic prismatic crystals, up to 0.5 mm long, associated with pyrite and sterryite. Its Vickers hardness (VHN10) is 61 kg/mm2(range: 52–66), corresponding to a Mohs hardness of ~2½–3. In reflected light, carducciite is dark grey in colour, moderately bireflectant; internal reflections are very weak and deep red in colour. Reflectance percentages for the four COM wavelengths [Rmin,Rmax(%) (λ)] are: 35.8, 40.8 (471.1 nm), 33.7, 39.0 (548.3 nm), 32.7, 37.6 (586.6 nm) and 30.4, 35.1 (652.3 nm). Electron microprobe analysis gives (wt.% – mean of six analyses): Ag 3.55(12), Tl 0.13(3), Pb 41.90(42), Sb 17.79(19), As 12.41(14), S 22.10(17), total 97.9(6). On the basis of ΣMe= 16 a.p.f.u., the chemical formula is Ag0.96Tl0.02Pb5.91As4.84Sb4.27S20.14. The main diffraction lines, corresponding to multiplehklindices, are (relative visual intensity): 3.689 (s), 3.416 (s), 3.125 (s), 2.989 (s), 2.894 (s), 2.753 (vs), 2.250 (s). The crystal-structure study gives a monoclinic unit cell, space groupP21/c, witha8.4909(3),b8.0227(3),c25.3957(9) Å, β 100.382(2)°,V1701.63(11) Å3,Z= 2. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to a finalR1= 0.063 on the basis of 4137 observed reflections. It can be described within the framework of the sartorite homologous series, as formed by chemically twinned layers of the dufrénoysite type. The simplified idealized structural formula, based on 20 sulfur atoms, can ideally be written as (AgSb)Pb6(As,Sb)Σ=8S20. Carducciite is an (Ag,Sb)-rich homeotype of dufrénoysite, stabilized by the complete coupled substitution 2 Pb2+= Ag++ Sb3+on a specific site of the crystal structure. Together with barikaite, it belongs to the rathite sub-group ofP21/chomeotypes of dufrénoysite, of which the crystal chemistry is discussed. The distribution of Ag, coupled with As or Sb on specific sites, appears to be the main criterion for the distinction between the three species of this sub-group.
Secondary mutations as mediators of resistance to targeted therapy in leukemia
Authors: Daver Naval , Cortes Jorge , Ravandi Farhad , Patel Keyur P. , Burger Jan A. , Konopleva Marina , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: March 2015

The advent of small molecule-based targeted therapy has improved the treatment of both acute and chronic leukemias. Resistance to small molecule inhibitors has emerged as a common theme. The most frequent mode of acquired resistance is the acquisition of point mutations in the kinase domain. FLT3 inhibitors have improved response rates in FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The occurrence of the ATP-binding site and activation loop mutations confers varying degrees of resistance to the individual FLT3 inhibitors. Second-generation FLT3 inhibitors such as crenolanib may overcome the resistance of these mutations. Furthermore, nonmutational mechanisms of resistance such as prosurvival pathways and bone marrow signaling may be upregulated in FLT3 inhibitor-resistant AML with secondary kinase domain mutations. More recently, point mutations conferring resistance to the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia, and the BH3-mimetic ABT199 in lymphoma have been identified. In chronic myeloid leukemia, the emergence of tyrosine kinase domain mutations has historically been the dominant mechanism of resistance. The early identification of secondary point mutations and their downstream effects along with the development of second- or third-generation inhibitors and rationally designed small molecule combinations are potential strategies to overcome mutation-mediated resistance.
Targeted downregulation of platelet CLEC-2 occurs through Syk-independent internalization
Authors: Lorenz Viola , Stegner David , Stritt Simon , Vögtle Timo , Kiefer Friedemann , Witke Walter , Schymeinsky Jürgen , Watson Steve P. , Walzog Barbara , Nieswandt Bernhard
Published: March 2015

Key Points

CLEC-2 can be downregulated from circulating platelets by anti–CLEC-2 antibodies through Src-family kinase-dependent internalization. Platelet-specific Syk deficiency abrogates anti–CLEC-2 antibodies-induced thrombocytopenia, but not CLEC-2 internalization.
Third-party CD4+ invariant natural killer T cells protect from murine GVHD lethality
Authors: Schneidawind Dominik , Baker Jeanette , Pierini Antonio , Buechele Corina , Luong Richard H. , Meyer Everett H. , Negrin Robert S.
Published: March 2015

Key Points

Low doses of adoptively transferred third-party CD4+ iNKT cells protect from lethal GVHD while preserving graft-versus-tumor effects. Third-party CD4+ iNKT cells are rejected early after transplantation yet protect from GVHD lethality through donor Tregs.
Networked neural spheroid by neuro-bundle mimicking nervous system created by topology effect
Authors: Jeong Gi Seok , Chang Joon Young , Park Ji Soo , Lee Seung-A , Park DoYeun , Woo Junsung , An Heeyoung , Lee C Justin , Lee Sang-Hoon
Published: March 2015

In most animals, the nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the latter of which connects the CNS to all parts of the body. Damage and/or malfunction of the nervous system causes serious pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders, spinal cord injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, not surprising, considerable research effort, both in vivo and in vitro, has been devoted to studying the nervous system and signal transmission through it. However, conventional in vitro cell culture systems do not enable control over diverse aspects of the neural microenvironment. Moreover, formation of certain nervous system growth patterns in vitro remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a deep hemispherical, microchannel-networked, concave array system and applied it to generate three-dimensional nerve-like neural bundles. The deep hemicylindrical channel network was easily fabricated by exploiting the meniscus induced by the surface tension of a liquid poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) prepolymer. Neurospheroids spontaneously aggregated in each deep concave microwell and were networked to neighboring spheroids through the deep hemicylindrical channel. Notably, two types of satellite spheroids also formed in deep hemispherical microchannels through self-aggregation and acted as an anchoring point to enhance formation of nerve-like networks with neighboring spheroids. During neural-network formation, neural progenitor cells successfully differentiated into glial and neuronal cells. These cells secreted laminin, forming an extracellular matrix around the host and satellite spheroids. Electrical stimuli were transmitted between networked neurospheroids in the resulting nerve-like neural bundle, as detected by imaging Ca2+signals in responding cells.
Provably secure attribute-based encryption with attribute revocation and grant function using proxy re-encryption and attribute key for updating
Authors: Naruse Takeru , Mohri Masami , Shiraishi Yoshiaki
Published: March 2015

Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is suitable for data access control on a cloud storage system. In CP-ABE, the data owner encrypts data under the access structure over attributes and a set of attributes assigned to users is embedded in user’s secret key. A user is able to decrypt if his attributes satisfy the ciphertext’s access structure. In CP-ABE, processes of user’s attribute revocation and grant are concentrated on the authority and the data owner. In this paper, we propose a ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption scheme delegating attribute revocation processes to Cloud Server by proxy re-encryption. The proposed scheme does not require generations of new secret key when granting attributes to a user and supports any Linear Secret Sharing Schemes (LSSS) access structure. We prove that the proposed scheme is secure against attack by unauthorized users and Cloud Server.
A molecular docking study of phytochemical estrogen mimics from dietary herbal supplements
Authors: Powers Chelsea N , Setzer William N
Published: March 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to use a molecular docking approach to identify potential estrogen mimics or anti-estrogens in phytochemicals found in popular dietary herbal supplements.

Methods

In this study, 568 phytochemicals found in 17 of the most popular herbal supplements sold in the United States were built and docked with two isoforms of the estrogen receptor, ERα and ERβ (a total of 27 different protein crystal structures).

Results

The docking results revealed six strongly docking compounds in Echinacea, three from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), three from Gingko biloba, one from Sambucus nigra, none from maca (Lepidium meyenii), five from chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), two from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and two from Rhodiola rosea. Notably, of the most popular herbal supplements for women, there were numerous compounds that docked strongly with the estrogen receptor: Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) had a total of 26 compounds strongly docking to the estrogen receptor, 15 with wild yam (Dioscorea villosa), 11 from black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), eight from muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides or P. uncinatum), eight from red clover (Trifolium pratense), three from damiana (Turnera aphrodisiaca or T. diffusa), and three from dong quai (Angelica sinensis). Of possible concern were the compounds from men’s herbal supplements that exhibited strong docking to the estrogen receptor: Gingko biloba had three compounds, gotu kola (Centella asiatica) had two, muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides or P. uncinatum) had eight, and Tribulus terrestris had six compounds.

Conclusions

This molecular docking study has revealed that almost all popular herbal supplements contain phytochemical components that may bind to the human estrogen receptor and exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulation. As such, these herbal supplements may cause unwanted side effects related to estrogenic activity.
In vivo mapping of the functional regions of the DEAD-box helicase Vasa
Authors: Dehghani Mehrnoush , Lasko Paul
Published: March 2015

The maternally expressed Drosophila melanogaster DEAD-box helicase Vasa (Vas) is necessary for many cellular and developmental processes, including specification of primordial germ cells (pole cells), posterior patterning of the embryo, piRNA-mediated repression of transposon-encoded mRNAs, translational activation of gurken (grk) mRNA, and completion of oogenesis itself. Vas protein accumulates in the perinuclear nuage in nurse cells soon after their specification, and then at stage 10 Vas translocates to the posterior pole plasm of the oocyte. We produced a series of transgenic constructs encoding eGFP-Vas proteins carrying mutations affecting different regions of the protein, and analyzed in vivo which Vas functions each could support. We identified novel domains in the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein that are essential for localization, transposon repression, posterior patterning, and pole cell specification. One such functional region, the most C-terminal seven amino acids, is specific to Vas orthologues and is thus critical to distinguishing Vas from other closely related DEAD-box helicases. Surprisingly, we also found that many eGFP-Vas proteins carrying mutations that would be expected to abrogate DEAD-box helicase function localized to the nuage and posterior pole, and retained the capacity to support oogenesis, although they did not function in embryonic patterning, pole cell specification, grk activation, or transposon repression. We conclude from these experiments that Vas, a multifunctional protein, uses different domains and different molecular associations to carry out its various cellular and developmental roles.
The small G protein Arl5 contributes to endosome-to-Golgi traffic by aiding the recruitment of the GARP complex to the Golgi
Authors: Rosa-Ferreira Cláudia , Christis Chantal , Torres Isabel L. , Munro Sean
Published: March 2015

The small G proteins of the Arf family play critical roles in membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton organization. However, the function of some members of the family remains poorly understood including Arl5 which is widely conserved in eukaryotes. Humans have two closely related Arl5 paralogues (Arl5a and Arl5b), and both Arl5a and Arl5b localize to the trans-Golgi with Arl5b being involved in retrograde traffic from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. To investigate the function of Arl5, we have used Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. We find that the single Arl5 orthologue in Drosophila also localizes to the trans-Golgi, but flies lacking the Arl5 gene are viable and fertile. By using both liposome and column based affinity chromatography methods we find that Arl5 interacts with the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex that acts in the tethering of vesicles moving from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). In Drosophila tissues the GARP complex is partially displaced from the Golgi when Arl5 is absent, and the late endosomal compartment is enlarged. In addition, in HeLa cells GARP also becomes cytosolic upon depletion of Arl5b. These phenotypes are consistent with a role in endosome-to-Golgi traffic, but are less severe than loss of GARP itself. Thus it appears that Arl5 is one of the factors that directs the recruitment of the GARP complex to the trans-Golgi, and this function is conserved in both flies and humans.
Differences in the fatty-acid composition of rodent spermatozoa are associated to levels of sperm competition
Authors: delBarco-Trillo Javier , Mateo Rafael , Roldan Eduardo R. S.
Published: March 2015

Sperm competition is a prevalent phenomenon that drives the evolution of sperm function. High levels of sperm competition lead to increased metabolism to fuel higher sperm velocities. This enhanced metabolism can result in oxidative damage (including lipid peroxidation) and damage to the membrane. We hypothesized that in those species experiencing high levels of sperm competition there are changes in the fatty-acid composition of the sperm membrane that makes the membrane more resistant to oxidative damage. Given that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the most prone to lipid peroxidation, we predicted that higher sperm competition leads to a reduction in the proportion of sperm PUFAs. In contrast, we predicted that levels of sperm competition should not affect the proportion of PUFAs in somatic cells. To test these predictions, we quantified the fatty-acid composition of sperm, testis and liver cells in four mouse species (genus Mus) that differ in their levels of sperm competition. Fatty-acid composition in testis and liver cells was not associated to sperm competition levels. However, in sperm cells, as predicted, an increase in sperm competition levels was associated with an increase in the proportion of saturated fatty-acids (the most resistant to lipid peroxidation) and by a concomitant decrease in the proportion of PUFAs. Two particular fatty acids were most responsible for this pattern (arachidonic acid and palmitic acid). Our findings thus indicate that sperm competition has a pervasive influence in the composition of sperm cells that ultimately may have important effects in sperm function.