bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE JD-R THEORY TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE EXPERIENCE AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT—TAKING JOB DEMANDS AS THE MODERATING VARIABLE
Authors:   Graduate Institute of Human Resource Management, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, Jhen Yin Mei , Yu Chen Chi , Yang Yi Wen ,   Graduate Institute of Human Resource Management, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan,   Graduate Institute of Human Resource Management, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, Hsu Po Han ,   Graduate Institute of Human Resource Management, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
Published: March 2024

Past research has proven that employee experience has a positive impact on employee engagement. Based on the conceptual framework of Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) model, this study regards efficient employee experience as a job resource to explore the impact of "employee experience" and” job demands” on employee engagement in organizations. Work requirements are further divided into challenge demand and hindrance demand. This study adopts the experimental design of the scenario method and uses two two-factor independent sample designs, namely 2x2(employee experience is high / employee experience is low x challenging job demands is high / challenging job demands is low) and 2x2(employee experience is high / employee experience is low x hindering job demands is high / hindering job demands is low).A total of 176 valid questionnaires were collected. The research results found that when employee experience is high, employee engagement is higher than when employee experience is low. Employee experience and job demands have an interactive effect on employee engagement. When employee experience is high, employee engagement will be higher when challenging job demands are added than when hindering job demands are added. It is expected that the results of this study can help in theoretical and practical applications
BEYOND FRIENDSHIP: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF COST IN GIFT CHOICES FOR ONESELF AND OTHERS
Authors:   School of Business, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea, Kim Hyung Jun , Jun Jongkun ,   Division of Global Business and Technology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yonginsi, South Korea, Kim Jooyoung ,   School of Business and Technology Management, College of Business, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
Published: March 2024

This study explores how social closeness and self-identification influence the monetary value of gifts chosen for friends and for oneself. Integrating the Self-expansion Model with Resource Scarcity Theory, we provide insights into consumer behavior in gift selection under varying social and financial contexts.
ANALYSIS OF SETAGAYA WARD'S SYSTEM OF DEVELOPING VACANT HOUSES INTO BASES THAT ARE USEFUL TO THE COMMUNITY
Authors:   Graduate School of Environmental and Information Studies, Yamada Shota
Published: March 2024

Setagaya Ward established a consultation service in July 2013 to develop vacant houses into useful bases for the community. This service matches owners of vacant houses with non-profit organizations and produced 22 bases in 10 years. Through analysis of the bases, it became clear that the majority of the bases were using vacant rooms rather than the entire house. Many bases that contribute to social welfare, such as child and disability welfare, have been created. This service can deal with cases that are difficult for private real estate companies to handle. It shows the significance for local governments to operate vacant house utilization systems
EXPLORING THE INNOVATIVE APPROACH OF TEACHING AND LEARNING FOR TERTIARY EDUCATION – IN THE FIELD STUDY OF ACCOUNTING
Authors:   Faculty of Business Administration, Tchiang Van Kam
Published: March 2024

Innovative approaches to teaching and learning have become indispensable in recent years, and the field of accounting is no exception. The use of various innovative approaches such as the crowdsourcing model, active learning, formative assessment, gamification, and active use of technology are examples of innovative pedagogies that can transform teaching and learning for tertiary education. These pedagogies can target skills that most impact students’ career prospects and social lives, and secure the necessary depth and breadth of skills needed for lifelong learning. This research aims to explore the effectiveness of innovative pedagogies in teaching accounting. The study will involve interviews and surveys of accounting students to gather their perspectives on how innovative approaches impact their learning process. The research will investigate how innovative pedagogies can improve student engagement, enhance motivation, increase capacity for critical thinking skills, provide personalized adaptive learning processes, and foster learning development through collaboration. In summary, this research seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on innovative pedagogies in accounting education. By exploring the effectiveness of innovative approaches, this study aims to provide insights into how accounting educators can improve their teaching practices and better prepare students for the demands of the modern human resource market on novice accountants.
PROCESS OF EXPLORING CRITERIA FOR OBSERVING CHILDHOOD PLAY TO SUPPORT EARLY CHILDHOOD TEACHERS
Authors:   Professor, Sports convergence Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, Korea, Yoo YungEui , Cho BoKyoung ,   Researcher, Sports convergence Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, Korea, Yang SunHee ,   Researcher, Sports convergence Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, Korea, Lee MyeongHa ,   Researcher, Sports convergence Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, Korea
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of exploring criteria for observing childhood play to support early childhood teachers. This study was conducted using a convergent design among mixed methods. ‘Literature research’ and ‘Delphi survey technique’ were used as methods of quantitative data collection, and ‘participation observation’ was used as a method of qualitative data collection. As a result of the study, observation criteria for a total of 21 questions in 3 areas were derived, including 7 questions on ‘play flow’, 7 questions on ‘play motivation’, and 7 questions on ‘peer play behavior’. This criteria for observing childhood play helps early childhood teachers to understand childhood play in depth from the children's perspective. In addition, it is expected that this standard can be used as a standard for observing childhood play with increased objectivity by reducing cases where each early childhood teacher who uses this standard interprets it differently due to subjective opinions. Furthermore, It is expected that this criterion will help early childhood teachers in kindergartens accurately understand childhood play and support childhood play.
HOW THE PARATEXT SURVIVED THE MASTERPIECE
Authors:   Scientific researcher, Institute for Georgian Studies, The University of Georgia PhD Student, Tbilisi State University, Guliashvili Sophia
Published: March 2024

There are 164 survived manuscripts of the masterpiece of the Georgian and world literary heritage The Man in the Panther Skin by Shota Rustaveli (12th century), rewritten in the 17th century and after. The oldest record belongs to the edge of the 16th-17th centuries and the oldest manuscript dates back to 1646. Before the appearance of the 1st printed version, that is, until 1712, the epic reached in one editorial version, which is clearly not from Rustveli’s hands. All manuscripts containing this edition are preceded by the pseudo-Rustavelian introductory stanza that presents the poem as a secular work differing from the church ideology and writings; which teaches and advises the reader to distance themselves from the secular ideology of Persian origin represented in the epic, and says that monks and nuns are forbidden to pay attention to this ideology, so they mustn't read this text. It is interesting, that only those manuscripts of the epic have survived, which represented this one and only redaction where the text was preceded by a pseudo-Rustavelian stanza. The detailed information on the manuscripts of The Man in the Panther Skin and the reality which made the pseudo-Rustavelian stanza to be useful in survival of “The Man in the Panther Skin” will be discussed in the current paper.
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF BENEFITS AND SACRIFICES FACTORS OF E-COMMERCE PAID MEMBERSHIP ON THE PERCEIVED VALUE AND INTENTION TO CONTINUE USING E-COMMERCE
Authors:   Graduate School of Information, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, Park Soeon
Published: March 2024

In this study, we apply VAM to explore the benefits and sacrifice factors associated with paid membership in domestic e-commerce and investigate the impact on perceived value and users' intention to continue using e-commerce. Additionally, this study assesses whether the impact of these factors on perceived value varies by membership type. Perceived benefit factors for paid e-commerce members include differentiation, enjoyment, sharing, point benefit, discount benefit, content benefit, and delivery benefit. Perceived sacrifices include fee, complexity, and lost opportunity. In the case of Coupang Rocket Wow, discount benefit, delivery benefit, and opportunity loss have a significant impact on perceived value. In the case of Naver Plus membership, discount benefit, point benefit, and fee were found to have a significant impact on perceived value. The perceived value of Coupang Rocket Wow and Naver Plus membership has a positive effect on the intention to continue using Coupang and Naver. Additionally, it was found that there was a significant difference in the impact of opportunity loss on perceived value between Coupang Rocket Wow and Naver Plus Memberships.
Pengaruh Penerapan E-System Perpajakan, Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, dan Sanksi Pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Perpajakan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi
Authors: Vieri Delvechio  , Indra Pahala  , Tri Hesti Utaminingtyas
Published: March 2024

The Taxpayer compliance is important to avoid causing tax evasion, smuggling, and other tax problems. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of the tax e-system, taxpayer awareness, and tax penalties on tax compliance. The samples using simple random sampling technique was 120. In this study, data is gathered using a Google Form survey administered to individual taxpayers in KPP Pratama Jakarta Kebayoran Lama. With SPSS 25, multivariate analysis was used to analyze the data and the hypothesis. The results show that taxpayer awareness and tax penalties have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance. Whereas the tax e-system has no significant effect.
Qualitative Evaluation of RADx-UP Projects Addressing COVID-19 Testing Disparities Among Underserved Populations
Authors: Maras Shelly A. , Osinuga Abisola , Gallo Iñigo Verduzco , Rodriguez Arturo , Corriveau Erin , Milligan Kelley , Kelley Allyson , Carr Tara , Dave Gaurav
Published: March 2024

In this article, we present findings from a May 2022 to March 2023 qualitative evaluation of Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics–Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) projects addressing COVID-19 testing disparities among underserved populations. Interviews with academic and community partners from 13 RADx-UP projects revealed that despite the pandemic, projects were able to build trust and relationships with underserved populations. By prioritizing community voices during a public health emergency, RADx-UP projects improved health equity and pandemic preparedness in these communities, successfully conducted community-engaged research, and built long-lasting community partnerships. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S5):S410–S415. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307632 )
IMPLEMENTASI Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Siswa Kelas III SDN Kedungguwo Magetan
Authors: Shinta Mahatma Jaya  , Evi Muafiah
Published: March 2024

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu aspek yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Oleh karena itu perwujudan dan peningkatan pendidikan merupakan hal yang harus dilakukan. Peningkatan kualitas pendidikan di sekolah tidak lepas dari tugas guru baik sebagai pendidik maupun sebagai pengajar. Belakangan ini hasil belajar yang dimiliki siswa mengalami penurunan disebabkan karena penggunaan model pembelajaran yang belum bervariasi sehingga pembelajaran yang berlangsung bersifat monton. Proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung di SDN Kedungguwo Magetan masih menggunakan model pembelajaran konvisional yang didominasi dengan metode ceramah sehingga siswa belum memperhatikan guru dan memilih berbincang dengan temannya siswa cenderung diam dan tidak bertanta mengenai materi yang belum dipahami, Proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru di SDN Kedungguwo Magetan terlihat kurang bervariasi sehingga guru hanya terpacu pada kurikulum dari pada mengembangkan potensi yang menyebabkan beberapa siswa memperoleh nilai yang belum mencapai KKM, Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan implimentasi model pembelajaran think pair share (TPS) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran tematik siswa III di sdn Kedungguwo Magetan, untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran think pair share (TPS). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas Kurt Lein. Penelitian ini dilaksankan dengan II siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa III di sdn kedungguwo magetanyang berjumlah 7 siswa. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa III di sdn kedungguwo magetan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa imlementasi model pembelajaran think pair share pada siklus I mencapai 57,1%. Pada siklus II presentase hasil belajar sebanyak 100%. Berdasarkan presentase tersebut dapat dinyatakan pada siklus II hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan yang sangat signifikan. Oleh karena itu implementasi model pembelajaran think pair share dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran tematik kelas III di SDN Kedungguwo Magetan.

Kata Kunci: Think Pair Share, hasil Belajar, Pembelajaran Tematik
Meredam Prokrastinasi Siswa Melalui Metode Kerja Kelompok pada Kelas VI SDN Sukorejo I Nganjuk
Authors: Ummu Nihayah
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan kondisi prokrastinasi siswa kelas VI setelah mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode kerja kelompok di SDN I Sukorejo. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan tahapan penelitiannya sesuai dengan tahapan penelitian tindakan Kemmis dan Taggart. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah angket dan tes. Instrumen pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah angket tertutup dan tes tulis. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data kualitatif menggunakan triangulasi data. Teknik analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan teknik analisis hasil tes kemampuan kognitif, hasil tes rata- rata ketuntasan belajar, dan persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal kelas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan 1 siklus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis angket siswa yang prokrastinasi yang diberikan diperoleh data secara rinci diuraikan agar memperjelas kondisi siswa yang dominan prokrastinasi. Pada indikator penundaan untuk memulai tugas dan menyelesaikan tugas persentase sebesar 21,93%. Persentase indikator keterlambatan dalam pengumpulan tugas sebesar 23,64%. Persentase indikator kesenjangan waktu antara rencana dan kinerja aktual sebesar 25,43%, dan indikator melakukan aktivitas yang lebih menyenangkan dengan persentase 22,64%. Dengan demikian, penelitian siklus I ini sudah sesuai dengan indikator keberhasilan penelitian, sehingga tidak dilaksanakan siklus berikutnya.
Collective Produced Water Reinjection (PWRI) Feasibility Assessment for Malaysian Oilfields
Authors: Sahak Muhammad Zakwan Mohd , Shafian Siti Rohaida Mohd , Saadon Shazleen , Thant Maung Maung Myo
Published: March 2024

Produced water production from oil and gas operation across the globe is estimated to be 3:1 ratio of oil production and usually continue to increase throughout the oilfield life. Thus, if not managed properly, excessive produced water discharge may lead to pollution and severe environmental impact, especially if not properly treated and managed. Treatment and disposal costs remain the primary issue with the ongoing global push towards transition to cleaner energy and Zero Liquid Discharge, technology innovations in water treatment, use and reuse are required. This paper aims to present the findings from a collective produced water reinjection (PWRI) feasibility assessment for selected Malaysian oilfields. The main constituents of produced water consist of dissolved and dispersed oil and gas compounds, dissolved formation minerals, production chemical compounds and production solids such as scale, waxes, etc. PWRI feasibility assessment addressing injectivity was conducted to establish PWRI water specification (i.e. oil concentration, particle size and concentration etc.). Other evaluation aspects including water compatibility & scaling study, reservoir souring, and corrosion study is also evaluated as part of a wholesome approach to PWRI feasibility assessment. Based on the study, oil in water (OIW) limit of 6-20 ppm, recommended total suspended solids (TSS) limit of 5-20 ppm for particle size control ranging between 2-3 μm is established. In general, low scaling tendency and corrosion potential were observed for almost all fields, and reservoir souring assessment conducted for one field shows potential due to VFA presence and shall further be studied, these can later be further addressed via scale & corrosion inhibitor injection and biocide treatment at the water injection side. Collective PWRI feasibility assessment was conducted to compare and consolidate the requirement for PWRI based on technical consideration on injectivity, scaling, reservoir souring and corrosion. The systematic approach for a wholesome evaluation covering subsurface and surface elements with findings are presented and discussed accordingly.
Development of a Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Partitioning Model for Zero Liquid Discharge Projects in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Saeed Q. , Muhammad M. , Saif S. , Akram A.
Published: March 2024

This paper develops an innovative hydrogen sulfide (H2S) partitioning model designed for Pre-treatment in Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems in wastewater treatment. After review of existing empirical and CFD models, we incorporate chemical thermodynamics, empirical data, and real-world process insights to enhance prediction accuracy of H2S behavior specifically in sour produced water. The study's methodology includes data collection from a pilot ZLD pre-treatment facility, rigorous model development, and calibration using real-world data. Results demonstrate the model's effectiveness in predicting H2S distribution under various conditions, highlighting the critical role of factors like salinity, pH and temperature. This research contributes to improved H2S management strategies in ZLD systems, ensuring environmental safety, better project planning and operational efficiency.
Re-Use of RO Reject in Oil Producing Facilities
Authors: Alotaibi B. I. , Al-Ali A. M. , Almousa A. H.
Published: March 2024

In a gas plant, the reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment reject stream along with steam generating COGEN and auxiliary boilers blowdown are being diverted to the plant evaporation ponds for disposal. The facility has an adjacent oil producing plant with capabilities of handling sour water/produced water. The quality of the blowdown and reject are capable to be processed in the oil producing facility for well injection, use in seal flush systems, and oil desalting process rather than disposal in the ponds. A comprehensive water conservation assessment was conducted where multiple waste streams were identified and evaluated against alternatives destination and desired water quality. Following the assessment, the RO reject and steam generation blowdowns were rerouted to the adjacent oil facilities available capacity to process these streams and avoid consuming potable water in the oil facility operations. Frequent sampling was conducted to ensure consistent quality of the streams and avoid compromising the production of both plants, respectively. In terms of benefits and results, following the reroute, the evaporation ponds load during the winter was significantly reduced, and water consumption within the oil facility was also reduced from the potable water. The amount of water diverted, resulting in reduced fresh water consumption, was around 100 million gallons per year. In addition, no impact was observed on both facilities following the reroute. The initiative has been part of a comprehensive water conservation strategy in alignment with company and government goals.
Advanced Media Filtration for Efficient Produced Water Reinjection
Authors: Stoffele R. J. G. W. , Labaky W. , Al-Mass S. S. A. , Al-Maheimid I. A. , Bassi D.
Published: March 2024

Produced water volumes are increasing globally due to the extended operation of mature oil fields. At the same time, operators have the requirement to maintain well pressure to ensure oil production. Produced water can be used for this purpose, thus converting the commodity from a waste product to a valuable resource. For this reason, National and International Oil Companies are continuously evaluating the latest technologies to reuse the produced water for reinjection efficiently and minimize the use of other sources of water such as aquifer water or treated seawater.

Traditional tertiary treatment technologies such as nutshell filter (NSF) have long been the only option available, together with cartridge filters, to meet the increasingly challenging applications to treat the water suitable for injection for pressure maintenance or into disposal wells. However, NSFs have a narrow operating window, so they often struggle to perform adequately under varying inlet conditions and as a result, they do not meet the required outlet specifications. Operators are looking for a more-resilient advanced media solution to outperform currently available NSF media and fill this technological gap. The evaluation of advanced media includes understanding the impact of impurities concentrations and properties such as total suspended solids (TSS), and oil in water (OIW). Water recovery and the impact of high TSS and oil incursions are also important parameters to consider when deploying new technologies at full scale.

Large-scale advanced media pilot study, with flow rates of up to 75,000 BWPD, were performed in the Middle East and North Africa region. The objective was to conduct a sensitivity analysis, measure performance, identify the operating window, and optimize the time between media backwashes such that the treated water could be used for water injection at the well side complying with tight water injection specifications.

Achieving the required particle cut size, OIW and TSS concentration is key to avoid plugging of the injection wells. The pilot study evaluated the impact of these relevant produced water properties by performing regular sampling. These data, together with monitoring of the backwash frequency, were used to evaluate the performance and operating window of the advanced media.

During the pilot study, which was executed at different sites, over 18 million bbl of produced water were treated, and more than 23,000 bbl of oil were recovered and reprocessed within each facility. Furthermore, no well stimulation was required at the injector wells because of the high-quality output from the mobile treatment equipment during the 18-month pilot study.
Evaluation of Waterflood Costs Reduction by Utilization of Geothermal Energy Produced in Oil Wells
Authors: Ryzhov Sergey , Yanez Eglier , Castellani Daniele , Zuccato Lucrezia , Zuccato Alessandro , Wei Lingli
Published: March 2024

A waterflood project is usually associated with a significant amount of capital and operating expenditure. Lifting, separation and treatment costs increase with production water cut and such increase accelerates dramatically when water cut passes the 80% mark. This paper evaluates the possibility to offset costs by converting the heat of produced fluids into electric power.

Evaluation is focused on the use of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a process featuring a low-boiling point working fluid and thus allowing electricity generation from a low temperature heat. It covers a number of scenarios considering different reservoir temperature, well flow rate, different water cuts and gas-oil ratio of produced fluid, as well as different temperature of the ambient air.

Parameters listed above are fed to the numerical models in order to estimate net power generation of an ORC unit and convert it to avoided costs under different scenarios for electricity tariffs and water handling costs.

The results of the evaluation demonstrated that using ORC for on-site power generation can help offsetting the cost. At the same time, evaluation allowed to define an envelope of technical and economic feasibility of the process.

In most of today's waterflood projects, operating companies associate little to no value to the thermal energy of produced fluids. The approach proposed in the paper delineates a set of operating conditions at which reservoir heat produced to the surface by the oil wells can be turned to a resource and can be exploited in co-production mode improving the economics of the waterflood process.
Application of Novel Nano-Clay for Sustainable Downhole Water Management
Authors: Shafian S. R. Mohd , Rasid S. Ab , Norizam N. Nik , Affandi R. Ahmad , Ahmed A. A. , Saaid I. Mohd
Published: March 2024

Water production is one of the largest waste streams during hydrocarbon production. The demand for sustainable water management is becoming more challenging in-terms of treatment and water disposal especially in an off-shore environment. Producing a barrel of water requires more energy that creates major economic impact on the profitability of an oil-field project. This paper presents a pilot case study for down-hole water shut off treatment in one of Malaysia oilfield; Field A (Well B03-SS) with a novel relative permeability modifier known as Nano-Clay. The main pilot objective was to assess the Nano-Clay performance as part of production enhancement effort to reduce water production from 90% to 50% (water cut) and to accelerate the oil production. We discussed the overall workflow, series of laboratory experiments such as core flooding tests, numerical simulation, pilot execution, post treatment results, challenges, and best practices. Nano-Clay injection strategy consists of bull-heading a pill of pre-flush of treated sea water for injectivity test and well conditioning, Nano-Clay injection, post flush with treated sea water, Nano-Clay soaking for about 24 to 48 hours, flowing back the well, monitoring and demobilization. The pilot execution at Well B03-SS was completed successfully and safely. Early post treatment results showed water cut trending has reduced to ~50% as compared to pre-job water cut at ~80%. Post Nano-Clay treatment indicated instantaneous oil gain of about 219 stb/day from 171 stb/d to 390 stb/day. After one and a half year of monitoring, the water cut maintained with expected water cut reduction range in between 10% to 50% from the baseline. The application of Nano-Clay at Field A concluded the overall pilot success and replications at other fields is currently in progress.
Polymeric Waste-Based Ion-Exchange Resins: A Sustainable Solution for Produced Water Treatment
Authors: Baltaeva M. B. , Manakhov A. M. , Cha D. K. , Ayirala S. C.
Published: March 2024

One of the most crucial strategies for reducing the negative environmental effects of water production in oil operations is to identify innovative and cost-efficient techniques for purifying produced water while minimizing the amount of its disposal into the environment. The proposed solution for polymeric waste and its recycling into ion exchange resin allows the removal of monovalent ions from produced water. The obtained purified produced water can be utilized as injection water for waterflooding/smart water flooding or frac-water for unconventionals to contribute towards circular water economy in alignment with the Zero-Liquid-Discharge (ZLD) water management strategy. Discarded expanded polystyrene was selected as a viable substitute material source for ion exchange resins due to its abundance and low cost. Polymeric matrixes are made by collecting and dissolving polystyrene waste in an organic solvent, then forming beads using a microdroplet precipitation technique. A strongly basic anion-exchange resin (SBA) containing amine groups is produced using the amine plasma modification method combined with chemical treatment. Using the plasma sulfonation approach with surface treatment, a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin (SAC) with a high surface area and sulfonic groups is created. The SBA resin is utilized for sulfate-ions removal, while SAC can be applied to remove the sodium-ions. The polystyrene beads production process was scaled up using an in-house state-of-the-art encapsulator instrument. It has been demonstrated that achieving spherical beads without agglomeration requires the proper concentration of polystyrene waste and a filler in a solution. To increase surface area and functionalization efficiency, polystyrene beads were milled. The resultant porous beads are 300–750 microns in size. The performance of the resulting resin samples was analyzed according to industry standards using column tests. The optimal parameters of plasma sulfonation and chemical treatment procedures for SAC formation and plasma amination process for SBA creation were identified. The resins prepared from expanded polystyrene waste demonstrated effective capacity for both cation and anion exchange processes. More than 80% of the sodium ions and the sulfate ions in synthetic brine could be removed by the created strong-acidic cation-exchange and strong base anion-exchange resins, respectively. A new method of polymeric waste-based ion-exchange resins creation with characteristics similar to commercially available ion-exchange resins has been discovered. The development of these sustainable ion-exchange resins holds great promise for produced water treatment and recycle, providing an environmentally friendly and effective solution and reusing plastic waste.
Impact of Completion and Stimulation Techniques on Water Injection Flow Conformance in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Kelkar S. K. , Mogensen K. , Al Hosani F.
Published: March 2024

Drilling of long lateral sections enables operators to execute development schemes that require fewer wells with a lower overall carbon footprint. Water injection wells help sustain reservoir pressure and provide sweep to maximize field commercial recovery. A key challenge is to divert the water along the drain length to achieve uniform injection profile. In this paper, we compare different completion and stimulation techniques with special emphasis on wellbore accessibility and injection conformance along the lateral.

We first group the wells according to the completion type, which can be either open-hole or cased hole. Cased hole completions are then subdivided into slotted liners, Smart Liners, and completions with zonal control. The type of completion dictates the options available for acid stimulation, which can involve either high-rate bull-heading, coiled-tubing deployed techniques or no stimulation. The analysis of conformance involves injection logging tool results as well as the reported percentage of the wellbore accessible for intervention tools.

Most of the existing well stock consists of wells completed open-hole with limited or no stimulation. Abrasive jetting can provide effective stimulation but often deliver a skewed injectivity profile. Bull-heading of acid from surface, on the other hand, is not usually applied in water injectors due to higher stimulation equipment and chemical costs. Furthermore, undulating trajectories can substantially reduce the wellbore accessibility in open-hole completions. Installing a liner improves accessibility significantly. Our analysis of injectivity profile logs shows that a lower completion with zonal compartmentalization provides a more uniform injection profile compared to a barefoot completion. A uniform injection profile is achieved by either ICD (with associated SSD) or Smart Liner Completion. Injectivity data suggest that the pre-and post-stimulation injectivity index is comparable between ICD and Smart Liner Completions, which is not surprising since both techniques rely on the limited-entry principle for fluid diversion. This paper offers a comprehensive comparison of completion-stimulation techniques for carbonate reservoirs and offers some guidelines for selecting a suitable method depending on the well and reservoir characteristics, such as well length, permeability, permeability variation, and anticipated need for future interventions. We also provide results from a simple 2D finely gridded numerical simulation model using a producer-injector pair to illustrate the impact of high permeability streak on early time water breakthrough. Results indicate that blocking the high-streak either at the producer or at the injector leads to similar water-cut evolution. Blocking the interval in both wells from day one is better and blocking a 50ft interval on both sides of the streak is even better.
Unlocking Resource Potential: Comprehensive Analysis of Devonian Groundwater Composition for Sustainable Element Extraction and Environmental Management in Mature Oil and Gas Fields
Authors: Shipaeva M. , Sudakov V. , Usmanov S.
Published: March 2024

This research aims to evaluate the groundwater composition in oil and gas fields, specifically within the Devonian terrigenous horizon. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 166 produced water samples collected from different tectonic structures. The primary objectives encompassed anionic and cationic composition analysis, elemental composition examination, distribution mapping of key elements, and exploration of the feasibility of extracting valuable components.

Results elucidated substantial variations in the anionic and cationic composition of groundwater within the Devonian horizon, manifesting noticeable difference in salinity (TDS) ranging from 19 g/l to 276 g/l. These variations were attributed to the injection of fresh water into the reservoir during the early stages of field development. Distinct patterns were observed within each tectonic structure, highlighting the presence of a large amount of valuable elements in the northern part of the study area and deep regions. This phenomenon was ascribed to the greater depths of formation water in these areas, coupled with brines geochemical metamorphization. These zones were deemed more promising for the extraction of hydromineral raw materials. Notably, for lithium extraction, the Mg/Li ratio played a significant role, with a critical impact on the choice of extraction methods. In studied brines the Mg/Li ratio varies from 415 to 3960. Consequently, membrane methods and concentration precipitation were deemed unsuitable for lithium extraction. Instead, the use of sorbents selectively targeting lithium ions, followed by desorption and concentration, emerged as a promising alternative.

Calculation of the annual volumes of salts produced from the studied wells revealed significant potential. An inherent advantage of utilizing produced waters as a source of mineral raw materials lies in the cost-effectiveness of the product. Additionally, there is no need for the construction of additional production wells or expensive mining developments.

The extraction of additional components from produced water assumes heightened significance, particularly in mature fields at advanced stages of development characterized by substantial volumes of produced water. This research underscores the potential for sustainable resource extraction from oil and gas fields, with implications for both economic and environmental considerations.
Detecting Anomalies in Water Quality Monitoring Using Deep Learning
Authors: Tharayil Sarafudheen M. , Alomari Nada K. , Bubshait Dana K.
Published: March 2024

Water quality monitoring is essential for ensuring the safety and sustainability of water resources and protecting public health and the environment. However, water quality data may contain anomalies, which are deviations from the normal behavior of the data. Anomalies can be caused by various factors, such as sensor faults, environmental disturbances, human interventions, or malicious attacks. Anomalies can affect the accuracy and reliability of water quality assessment and management and may lead to false alarms, missed detections, or incorrect decisions. Therefore, it is important to detect and remove anomalies from water quality data in a timely and effective manner. In this paper, we propose a novel multivariate deep learning technique, called Hybrid Multivariate Long Short-Term Memory (HM-LSTM), for detecting anomalies in water quality monitoring using multivariate time series data. HM-LSTM is a hybrid model of multiple performing neural networks and long short-term memory networks that can effectively learn and detect anomalies from water quality data. We apply our technique to a real-world water quality dataset collected from industrial fields in the Middle East and compare it with several baseline methods. We show that our technique can achieve higher performance and provide detailed information about the water status and the types and causes of anomalies. We also provide explanations for the anomaly detection results by using the attention mechanism and the anomaly score. Our technique can benefit from the spatial and temporal features of the data, and enhance the anomaly detection performance by focusing on the most relevant features. Our technique can be applied to other domains and scenarios that involve multivariate time series data, such as smart cities, smart health, smart agriculture, and smart industry
Zero or Negatively Valued Waste Produced Water to Positively Valued Feedstock by Recovery of Valuable Minerals and Fresh Water
Authors: Muhammad M. , Ayirala S. , Yousef A. , Samouei H.
Published: March 2024

The oil and gas industry consumes substantial volumes of fresh water and salts for various oilfield applications. At the same time, large volumes of various high-salinity brine streams are produced during the production of oil and gas. These produced water streams, not being utilized for any other applications such as reservoir reinjection for pressure maintenance, are becoming an increasing burden for the environment. From a societal and governance perspective, an economical Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) process coupled with mineral recovery is the most sustainable path to follow. Several existing water treatment technologies can be considered to obtain produced water ZLD. However, to meet the economic and environmental targets, a careful selection of technologies is adapted to achieve full recovery of water and minerals from a given produced water stream. A low temperature evaporation and crystallization dynamic vapor recovery is used for high salinity (up to 200,000 ppm TDS) produced water. The rejected brine from these processes is further treated to separate valuable minerals selectively. For the high salinity produced water, dynamic vapor recovery technology is proven to have a recovery efficiency of greater than 75%, generating less than 200 ppm TDS water for industrial and agricultural use. The reject stream (saturated salt solution) from this process is subjected to mineral recovery, resulting in the recovery of 99.3% pure NaCl as one of the first recovered salts. Several existing separation technologies are evaluated to recover additional valuable minerals (Calcium, Strontium, Magnesium, and Lithium products) from the reject stream of the NaCl recovery process. Lessons learned from other industrial brine treatment projects dealing with complex brines are carried over to the Oil and Gas applications to introduce the effective, reliable, and economical treatment of brines such as produced water. The revenue from the treated water and minerals can be more to offset the capital and operating costs. Thus, "any non-utilized Produced Water could be priced as positively valued feedstock instead of a zero or negatively valued waste product."
Water Treatment Plant Strategy Improvements for Thermal Operation
Authors: Al Fazari M. , Hinai A. , Aulaqi M. , Ghafri M. , Sarhani A. , Al Maskary H. , Sivanappan U. , Subhi H.
Published: March 2024

Petroleum Development Oman LLC (PDO) is Oman's premier oil producer and operates several fields. Thermal Development is one of key enablers in Oman for significant Oil Recovery. "A" facility is designed to receive Aquifer Pump-off (APO) water from reservoir and use it for steam generation after it get treated in Water Treatment Plant (WTP).

Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery application in Sultanate of Oman has been first operated in Gulf region back in 2012 with enormous lesson learnt insights on selecting and operating water treatment facilities.

The Purpose of Water Treatment plant is to remove hardness of APO Well Water to make it suitable for Steam generation. The processes involve removal of suspended solids, traces of oil and dissolved minerals from water.

Quality of boiler (steam generator) feedwater is of critical importance in steam injection projects. Field experience indicates that most generators downtime is caused by water treatment performance concerns, hence operating outside water quality specification results in damaging mechanisms of the boiler tubes i.e., corrosion and scaling deposition.

Maintaining safe operation of Amal boilers has come with huge annual OPEX Cost of >40% of total "A" Facility Expenditure from chemical treatment, boilers inspection/repair and steam unavailability due to maintenance. Ensuring safe operation of Amal boilers involved looking thoroughly at various technical displaces and aspect which detailed study of followings:

Steam Quality Boiler Integrity Boiler feedwater Limits Other Water Treatment Option Boiler Flow Assurance Chemical Treatment

Therefore, comprehensive reviews/ studies from multi disciplines were conducted to identify areas of risk and provide recommendations for proper mitigations.

The objective of this paper is to summarize the outcomes of the water treatment plant enhancement project executed to debottleneck the capacity of existing WTPs and provide the detailed investigation on WTP and potential boilers integrity concerns, develop technical guidelines and agreed recommendations across all PDO operation.
Oil in Water Quality Monitoring in Real Time: Applications for Produced Water: Disposal and Re-Injection Case Studies
Authors: Torne Juan P.
Published: March 2024

The present paper introduces an integrated equipment system developed and patented jointly with Ecopetrol to monitor in real time water quality parameters for produced water from mature fields. This paper includes equipment details starting from electronics to the description of a special package developed to detect suspended oil in water. The field implementation meant a new and more cost-effective manner to not only monitor water quality but also to improve operation sequences in treatment plants. Monitoring process is necessary to control the quality from production and processing water plants considering the importance of keeping all the parameters within the limits established by regulations or recommendations, including the volume of suspended oil in water.

The process of conditioning water for discharge or reuse in hydrocarbon treatment plants is complex and involves many special equipment. This monitoring equipment allows to track and follow up the process and final water parameters integrating simple transducers, electronics, special case materials and real time communications in a cost effective manner which is important in the current business environment.

Water is essential for life on the planet, all living things are related to water in one way or another. Traditionally, water on average is used between 60-70% in agriculture, 20-30% in industrial activities (where water used in Hydrocarbon Industry is included) and 10% in human consumption worldwide.
Utilization of Sour Disposal Water for Irrigation and Plant Usage
Authors: Chukkala Chandra Shekar , Srinivas J Ravi , Al Mulla Hassa , Kumar P Anandh , Srivastava Alok
Published: March 2024

ADNOC Sour Gas (ASG) operates the Shah Gas Processing Plant (SGP) which receives and processes sour fluids from the nearby Shah Arab Sour Gas Field. Wastewater streams come from a variety of sources, the largest of which is associated or production water coming from the wells along with the well(s) fluids. There are a variety of impurities found in this water, such as oil, suspended and dissolved solids, COD and BOD, CO2 as well as H2S. The existing wastewater treatment consists of stripper and hydro cyclones to partially treat the wastewater to remove H2S (upto 400 ppm), oil and TDS etc. and sent for disposal into injection well post treatment.

ASG is planning to utilize a total of 120 m3/hr disposal sour water (H2S and CO2) for irrigation purpose/ plant internal use post meeting specifications while limiting H2S (below detectable limit), TDS (300 mg/l), COD (50 mg/l), Oil (0.5 mg/l) etc. Along with the selected consultant, ASG explored multiple process schemes; Fenton's & Ozonation process. Fenton's process is an effective chemical oxidation technique used to remove hydrogen sulphide and other organic pollutants from sour water in wastewater treatment. It involves the use of iron catalysts and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate hydroxyl radicals (∙OH), which are highly reactive and capable of breaking down H2S into harmless compounds. Ozonation is a powerful oxidation process employed to eliminate both the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and COD from industrial wastewater, converting it into less harmful sulphate ions, improving overall wastewater quality and mitigating environmental impact.

Ozonation presents notable advantages over Fenton's oxidation process for H2S removal from gas streams. Firstly, ozonation operates without the introduction of additional chemicals, simplifying the treatment setup. Secondly, its oxidation efficiency is higher, ensuring comprehensive H2S conversion without generating secondary by-products. Thirdly, ozonation produces less sludge, minimizing waste disposal concerns. Moreover, its resistance to pH fluctuations makes it adaptable to diverse gas stream conditions. Collectively, these benefits position ozonation as a superior choice for efficient, streamlined, and environmentally conscious H2S removal.

This paper reviews options for sour water treatment process in addition to existing stripper configuration to make it fit for irrigation and / or plant internal usage. It presents a comparison between the two processes in the selection process which includes pilot plant results with product specifications and units involved in the treatment process.