bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vocación y liderazgo docente ante los efectos de la pandemia en educación secundaria
Authors: Juraz Rolón Nicolás Eduardo , Campa-Álvarez Reyna de los Ángeles
Published: January 2023

El propósito de esta investigación fue identificar la influencia de la vocación y liderazgo del personal docente de educación secundaria para hacer frente a los efectos educativos de la pandemia. La metodología es mixta, se aplicó un cuestionario para medir liderazgo transformacional a 145 docentes y entrevistas a profundidad para indagar sobre la vocación docente a 35 participantes. En cuanto al grado de vocación profesional del docente, algunos maestros testificaron bastante interés y dedicación por el aprendizaje y autorrealización del alumnado. Como líderes, se identificó su participación como motivadores y fomentadores de creatividad y empatía. Los mayores retos del profesorado han sido elevar el sentido e importancia de los contenidos didácticos, así como difundir aprendizajes en ambientes virtuales.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МОВНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ В СИСТЕМІ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ У ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Арістархова Маргарита , Демидко Дмитро
Published: January 2023

У статті розглянуто теоретичні аспекти організації мовної підготовки в системі індивідуальної підготовки у Збройних Силах України, проаналізовано вимоги до мовної підготовленості особового складу відповідно до керівних документів, проаналізовано зміст понять «мовна підготовка особового складу», «інструктор з мовної підготовки», досліджено результати опитування представників військових частин, на яких у покладатимуться обов’язки інструкторів мовної підготовки. Розглянуто проблемні питання щодо організації та проведення занять з іноземної мови в системі індивідуальної підготовки особового складу. З’ясовано, що існує необхідність створення дієвої системи мовної підготовки в системі індивідуальної підготовки у Збройних Силах України для створення умов для розвитку та підтримання іншомовної комунікативної компетентності та розроблення методики формування методичної компетентності інструкторів мовної підготовки.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДОБОРУ ТА ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ОСОБИСТІСНІ ВИМОГИ, ЩО ВИСУВАЮТЬСЯ ДО ПРИКОРДОННИКІВ СЛОВАЦЬКОЇ РЕСПУБЛІКИ
Authors: Хамазюк Ольга
Published: January 2023

Анотація. У статті досліджено особливості системи добору персоналу до Поліцейського корпусу Міністерства внутрішніх справ Словацької Республіки. Проведено аналіз професійно-особистісних вимог, що висуваються до майбутніх співробітників поліції різних категорій у Словаччині, зокрема вимоги до особистісних якостей та фахових компетентностей залежно від майбутньої спеціалізації.
ПРИНЦИПИ ТА ПІДХОДИ ДО ПІДГОТОВКИ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ СИЛ СПЕЦІАЛЬНИХ ОПЕРАЦІЙ В УКРАЇНІ: ОСНОВНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ
Authors: Вітер Дмитро , Красота-Мороз Ганна
Published: January 2023

Розглянуто основні принципи та підходи до підготовки підрозділів Сил спеціальних операцій у провідних країнах світу. Акцентовано увагу на питаннях якісної підготовки підрозділів ССО в Україні, які потребують вирішення і закріплення в Концепції ССО. Визначено, що з метою виконання поставлених завдань перед підрозділами ССО, є необхідність розвитку в особового складу здатності до ведення боротьби у соціокультурній сфері та активної підготовки щодо набуття ними транскультурних комунікативних компетентностей.
ПОРЯДОК ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РІВНЯ НАВЧЕНОСТІ КОРИСТУВАЧІВ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛІННЯ ОБОРОННИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Галаган Віктор , Бондарчук Сергій , Полішко Сергій , Васюхно Станіслав
Published: January 2023

Стаття присвячена питанням визначення рівня навченості користувачів інформаційних систем управління оборонними ресурсами ЗС України. Наведений загальний порядок підготовки користувачів до роботи з інформаційними системами та на його основі удосконалена  методика визначення рівня навченості посадових осіб, які будуть працювати з даними інформаційними системами.

Удосконалена методика може бути застосована в навчальному процесі підготовки фахівців з питань інформаційних технологій у вищих військових навчальних закладах та користувачів (посадових осіб) інформаційних систем воєнного призначення.
ШЛЯХИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВИЩИМ ВІЙСЬКОВИМ НАВЧАЛЬНИМ ЗАКЛАДОМ
Authors: Дудурич Василь , Курило Олег
Published: January 2023

Анотація: у статті розглянуто шляхи удосконалення управління вищим військовим навчальним закладом з урахуванням сучасних тенденцій демократизації освітньої сфери.

Розглянуто шляхи удосконалення управління вищим військовим навчальним закладом серед яких виділено: врахування ідей синергетичного підходу; перехід керівника на демократичний стиль керівництва; делегування повноважень керівників окремим співробітникам і колегіальним органам; розвиток колегіальних основ діяльності керівника; мотивування співробітників на виконання управлінських функцій в процесі делегування їм управлінських повноважень; упорядкування контролю викладачів ВВНЗ; визначення керівником ВВНЗ посадових обов'язків підлеглих з урахуванням їх інтересів та потенційних можливостей.

Напрями подальших наукових розвідок доцільно зосередити на дослідженнях перспективних шляхів демократизації управлінських процесів в системі вищої військової освіти.
A PHILOSOPHY OF MAQASID SHARIAH UNDERPINNED MUSLIM FOOD CONSUMPTION AND THE HALALAN TOYYIBAN CONCEPT
Authors: Othman Khatijah , Md hamdani Suhailiza , Sulaiman Mashitah , Mutalib Marina Munira , Ramly Oslizawati
Published: January 2023

Referring to the Halal product and consumption, there are three essential elements involved which are consumers, producers, and products. In food consumption, the concept of Halalan Toyyiban is specifically design for the Muslim through the revelation of the Quran and the practices of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW which took into account all three parties mentioned. While the Maqasid Shariah is to ensure the betterment of welfare of humankind and to protect from any harms that may occur. In this relation, no doubt the underlying philosophy of Maqasid Shariah underpinned the whole concept of Halalan Toyyiban for the advantage of the Ummah and to develop and portray the complete way of life in Islam. This conceptual paper intends to discuss on the philosophical underlie within the Maqasid Shariah that underpinned Muslim food consumption and the Halalan Toyyiban concept in Islam. The literature reviews were conducted through the library and website research. Scholars’ opinions had been analyzed based on the content analysis. Thus, Maqasid Shariah inhibits a great philosophy in the wholesomeness of protecting the welfare of human being thus strongly underpinned the Islamic consumerism and Halalan Toyyiban concept with focusing for the maslahah ‘ammah.

 

Keywords: Maqasid Shariah, Muslim food consumption, Halalan Toyyiban, Islamic consumerism, maslahah ‘ammah.

 

    

Abstrak

Merujuk kepada produk dan penggunaan Halal, terdapat tiga unsur asas yang terlibat iaitu pengguna, pengeluar, dan produk. Dalam konteks produk makanan, konsep Halalan Toyyiban telah diperintahkan secara khusus kepada Ummat Islam melalui al-Quran dan Sunnah yang diamalkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW. Maqasid Shariah adalah untuk memelihara kebajikan umat manusia dan melindungi dari sebarang perkara yang tidak diingini. Dalam hubungan ini, tidak ada keraguan tentang asas Maqasid Shariah yang menyokong keseluruhan konsep Halalan Toyyiban untuk manfaat Ummah dalam membangunkan dan menggambarkan cara hidup lengkap yang dianjurkan Islam. Kertas konseptual ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan tentang dasar falsafah dalam Maqasid Shariah yang menjadi asas kepada penggunaan dan pengeluaran makanan Islam berdasarkan konsep Halalan Toyyiban. Tinjauan literatur dilakukan melalui kajian kepustakaan dan penyelidikan dari sumber laman web. Pendapat para sarjana telah dianalisis berdasarkan analisis kandungan. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa Maqasid Shariah mengandungi falsafah hebat yang lengkap dalam usaha memberi perlindungan terhadap kebajikan manusia dan menjadi batu asas kepada  konsumerisme Islam dan konsep Halalan Toyyiban dengan focus untuk kepentingan Ummah.

 

Kata kunci:  Maqasid Shariah, Penggunaan Makanan Islam, Halalan Toyyiban, kepenggunaan Islam, maslahah ‘ammah.
Effects of Music on Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Hair Transplantation: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Wongdama Supisara , Siriussawakul Arunotai , Ratta-apha Woraphat , Suraprasit Pudit , Kanjanapiboon Kanawat , Thanakiattiwibun Chayanan , Thuangtong Rattapon
Published: January 2023

Objective: To study the effects of music on anxiety in patients undergoing hair transplantation.Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial enrolled patients undergoing hair transplantation. The patients were randomized into a music group, who listened to music for 15 minutes during the preoperative period, and a control group, who were not exposed to music. Two scales were used to measure anxiety. One was the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), comprised of a state anxiety scale (STAI-S) and trait anxiety scale (STAI-T). The other was the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VASA). Demographic and physical parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate) were recorded.Results: The 26 patients had a mean age of 40.8 ± 10.4 years. Twenty-three (88.5%) were men. The 2 groups had no significant differences in their STAI-S or VASA scores, or physical parameters before and after intervention. TheSTAI-S score of the control group significantly increased with time (P = 0.027). Additionally, a significant decrease in the VASA score was observed after the intervention for the music group (P = 0.039). No adverse events were noted.Conclusion: Listening to music is an easy, effective, and safe method of reducing preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing hair transplantation. The method should be employed during the preoperative period for patients undergoing hair transplantation. It may also be considered for use in similar procedures.
Functional Status of the Elderly and their Rehabilitation Needs: A Mixed-Method Study in a Slum of Kolkata, West Bengal
Authors: Halder Riya , Paul Bobby , Banerjee Ankush , Das Ranjan , Sengupta Trina
Published: January 2023

Objective: A comprehensive understanding of the requirements of elderly is necessary to preserve their “functional capacity”, an important indicator of their health status. This study aimed to assess the functional status of the elderly and their rehabilitation needs.Materials and Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022 at a health centre in Chetla, West Bengal, India. Quantitative data, collected from 172 elderly persons using a pretested questionnaire, were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Qualitative data, collected via focus group discussions, were analyzedthematically.Results: Overall, 11.62% and 66.86% participants were functionally dependent in one or more activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), respectively. Significant association of age ≥70 years (AOR = 4.06, 95% CI= 1.13-14.63), male gender (AOR= 5.21, 95% CI= 1.57-17.28) and assistive device use (AOR= 6.92, 95% CI= 1.85-25.83) was found with ADL limitations. Increasing age (AOR= 1.29, 95% CI= 1.13-1.50), female gender (AOR= 13.97, 95%CI= 3.61-54.00), residence in joint family (AOR= 3.95, 95%CI=1.47-10.61), without spouse (AOR= 3.59, 95% CI= 1.12-11.44) and daily intake of multiple medications (AOR= 4.99, 95%CI= 1.45-17.13) were factors significantly associated with IADL limitations. Major identified needs of the elderly were related to development of peer support groups, transportation systems and delivery of services from the health system.Conclusion: Rehabilitative services like providing assistive devices to the needy, developing elderly support groups, undertaking household visits for bedridden and those with restricted mobility, and building supportive environments within families and communities should be ensured.
FRAGILITY - RESILIENCE AND ROBUSTNESS - ANTIFRAGILITY: NECESSITY, CHOICE, OPPORTUNITY OR SOMETHING ELSE IN MANAGEMENT?
Authors: Gorzeń-Mitka Iwona
Published: January 2023

Management science is primarily concerned with research related to and benefiting from the experience of business practice. Hence, the search for optimal solutions, often takes place on the 'living fabric' of organisations. The current situation is no different. On the one hand (in the face of geopolitical instability in Europe), we observe the fragility of organisations or hitherto applied solutions (acute disruptions: of supply chains - e.g., of highly processed goods; of services - e.g., related to global links in the banking system; or related to reorientation in the energy system). The need for rapid (often radical) change in the organisation proved to be a condition for its survival. On the other hand, we note a number of effects indicating the high competence of companies, operating mainly in highly developed economies (such as Europe), in terms of their flexibility and resilience to highly volatile disruptions (which are undoubtedly present in Europe). The search for effective ways/methods to increase organisations' level of preparedness for future crises and build its capacity to turn crises into opportunities has become more important than ever.
Nigeria's Foreign Economic Relations (1998-2014)
Authors: T. W. Ojo  , A. A. Adebayo
Published: January 2023

Since Nigeria gained independence, its foreign policy has been guided by the pursuit of its national interests in bilateral and multilateral relationships. This has remained a reflection of Nigeria's understanding of the external environment and internal dynamics. A government's actions that deal with security, defence, international political ties, and international economic interactions are referred to as its foreign policy as a concept. In order for sovereign states to remain relevant within the context of modern global political economy, the post-cold war international system has highlighted the convergence of sovereign states as a desirable goal. In light of this, a state's relative benefits are primarily determined by the design, focus, and execution of its economic diplomacy. Nigeria's economic diplomacy primarily aims to diversify its economic foundation, increase its global market, draw in foreign investment, and control its debt. This study basically looked at how Nigeria's economic diplomatic interactions have influenced or otherwise hindered its development goals. The research focuses on Nigeria's external trade patterns, the draw of foreign investments, foreign loans, and management of external debt. The qualitative descriptive approach of data analysis revealed that the issue of Nigeria's development has not been considerably addressed by the country's foreign economic ties.
Effects of Nationwide Lockdown due to COVID-19 on Ambient Air Quality in the State of West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh B. , Nayek S. , Padhy P. K.
Published: January 2023

The present study assessed the nationwide lockdown impacts on the air pollution situation across West Bengal, India. Air pollution data was collected from the online monitoring stations of the Central Pollution Control Board across West Bengal. The gradual declining pattern of overall pollution status was observed during the lockdown phase from the pre-lockdown phase. The early unlocking stage found slow and gradual increasing air pollution levels. Siliguri’s pre-lockdown ‘poor’ Air Quality Index (AQI) improved in the lockdown phase to ‘satisfactory’ level. ‘Moderate’ level AQI in Asansol of the pre-lockdown stage improved to ‘satisfactory’ level during the lockdown phase. Pre-lockdown AQI of both Kolkata and Howrah changed from ‘moderate’ to ‘good’ level during the lockdown phase. Unlike other pollutants, the ozone level increased in Kolkata, Howrah, and Siliguri in the lockdown phase. The early monsoonal washout possibly caused the changes in the pattern of pollution status of specified periods in the 2019 and 2020. Thus, in the study period of lockdown in 2020, the decrease in pollution level may not only caused by the stoppage of vehicles or industry but also have a possible natural influence.
Haematological, Serum Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Acute and Sub-Chronic Aqueous Extract of Oyster Mushroom in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Garuba T. , Olabanji I. T. , Awogboro O. M. , Olahan G. S. , Atunwa S. A. , Ahmed O. A. , Aremu A. , Bolaji M. , Adegboye A. A. , Sabiu S.
Published: January 2023

This study aimed at evaluating toxicological implications of aqueous P. ostreatus extract (POE) in male Wistar rats. POE was prepared in 1:10 (pulverized P. ostreatus : distilled water). In  acute toxicity test, single oral dose of 2 mL/kg of POE was administered and observed for 28 days. The sub-chronic toxicity study was conducted by daily oral administration of graded doses (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mL/kg b.w) of the extract for 28 days. Clinical signs of toxicity, hematological, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological studies were subsequently evaluated. No treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality in the animals were recorded in both toxicity tests. Rats administered with lowest dose of POE (25 mL/kg) had highest percentage weight gain. POE had no significant difference (P>0.05) on Red Blood Cell, White Blood Cell (WBC) and differential WBC, and serum biochemistry across all the treated groups when compared to the controls. The result of photomicrographs of stomach, spleen, heart, lung, kidney and liver showed a well outlined arrays of normal tissues in both acute and sub-chronic doses connoting that POE had no toxic effect on them. In view of these, POE may be concluded to be non-toxic within the tested doses and period of investigation.
Stability of Cosmological Model in Self-Creation Theory of Gravitation
Authors: Nimkar A. S. , Hadole S.
Published: January 2023

In the present paper, we considered Bianchi type-II space-time in the presence of a macroscopic body in the self-creation theory formulated by Barber. The relation between metric coefficient and state equation has helped present the exact cosmological model in theory. The features, stability, and some physical & kinematical properties of the obtained model are also discussed.
Transforming Conventional Switching Systems to Cost-Effective, Adaptable, Energy-Efficient Smart Switching Systems
Authors: Mishra R. V. , Gupta T. , Patel A. , Kumar R. , Kaur I. , Batra V.
Published: January 2023

Reducing energy consumption in the household and commercial sectors is a major global concern. Our objective is to develop a low-cost automation solution that will help improve adoption and reduce energy consumption. Proposed system has functionality that will help typical Indian households reduce electricity consumption in areas of infrequent usage such as stairs, and parking areas where manual switching of the electricity is difficult. In our proposed model, a manual switching system is replaced with a low-cost and adaptable smart automated switching system. Our design is based on the Passive/Pyroelectric Infrared Rays (PIR) motion-sensing mechanism where motion is used as a trigger to turn on/off electrical appliances. Detailed comparative analysis of daily energy usage of traditional switching with intelligent switching showed reduced electricity consumption by 33 %. Lower cost of equipment will increase the adoption of automated systems, leading to a reduction in electricity consumption. Further, a drop in energy consumption means reduced energy costs and less burden on the grid which leads to a clean environment.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Diseases Among Young Adult in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan M. N.
Published: January 2023

One of the major health challenges of the century is the prevalence of chronic diseases in young adults. The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors for chronic disease and the prevalence of chronic disease in individuals aged 18 to 39. The outcome variable was chronic diseases, and potential predictors included sex, age, education, work status, division, region, smoking status, and respondent's income. Of the 5490 young people, 1782 (32.5 %) had at least one chronic illness. Age, work status, division, geography, and smoking status were significant predictors of chronic illnesses in the multivariate model. Compared to younger young adults, those aged 30-39 had greater odds of developing chronic diseases (OR = 1.57, 95 % CI: 1.16–2.13). Residents in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas are more likely to have chronic illnesses than their more affluent counterparts. Young men are more likely than women to experience chronic illness (OR = 1.06, 95 % CI: 0.92-1.21), although this difference wasn't statistically significant. The highly educated group reports chronic disease more frequently than other groups. These findings, particularly those pertaining to decision-makers, can aid in the justification, direction, and support of programs required to address these altering epidemiological trends.
Engineering of Aberrated PSF by Asymmetric Apodization with the Complex Shaded Aperture
Authors: Venkanna M. , Sabitha N. , Sagar D. K.
Published: January 2023

The point spread function (PSF) produced by a coherent optical system under the influence of defocus, coma, and primary spherical aberration (PSA) is examined in this work. This paper deals with asymmetric apodization and pupil engineering to control monochromatic aberrations. To reduce the influence of monochromatic aberrations on the diffracted PSF, this approach uses amplitude and phase apodization. Analytical investigations on intensity PSF are carried out with varying amounts of aberrations and degrees of amplitude and phase apodization. Computed central peak intensity and full width at half maxima (FWHM) and analyzed. The resolution of a diffraction-limited optical imaging system is improved by using an asymmetric optical filter that minimizes the effect of defocus.
Samarium(III) Triflate as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Facile Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles
Authors: Gorepatil A. , Gorepatil P. , Gaikwad M. , Ghumare A. , Mali J. , Ingle V.
Published: January 2023

An efficient, simple, and green four-component reaction for synthesizing 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles is developed. In present work exploring the use of Samarium triflate as a heterogeneous catalyst for the four-component reaction of aldehydes, aromatic amines, benzil, and ammonium acetate. The current approach offers many advantages, such as excellent yields, shortening of reaction time, reusability of catalyst, and use of mild reaction conditions.
The Study of Kinetics and Isotherms of Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Activated Carbon-Loaded Cellulose Composite Bead
Authors: P. Sarkar
Published: January 2023

A novel adsorbent-activated carbon-loaded cellulose composite bead (AC-CCB) was synthesized by sol-gel conversion for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX). The maximum dye removal was found to be 96.5, 92.3, and 81.8 %, corresponding to MB concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mgL-1, respectively. Isotherm and the kinetic study were carried out with an AC-CCB dose of 1.0 g L-1, a shaking speed of 125 rpm, and the initial MB concentration ranging from 25-100 mg L-1. In order to study the kinetics of MB adsorption onto AC-CCB, the temperature was fixed at 298 K, whereas, for the isotherm study, the temperature varied from 298 to 318 K. The process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with rate constant (k2) 28.7x10-2, 11.1x10-2 and 9.41x10-2 g.mg.min-1 corresponding to MB concentration of 25, 50 and 100 mg L-1. Freundlich, Langmuir, and Sips models were found to fit well with the adsorption data. The negative  values and the positive  values suggested that the adsorption of MB onto AC-CCB was spontaneous and endothermic.
Knowledge and Practice on Menstrual Hygiene among Urban Adolescent Girls in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md Jawadul , Karim Md Rizwanul , Yasmin Nelofar , Paul Shubhra Prakash , Ara Chaman , Parvin Most Firoza , Ferdous Rumana , Rahman Md Asadur , Nahar Kowsarun , Arefin Md Maruful
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Menstruation-related poor knowledge and understanding among adolescent girls may lead to unsafe personal health care practice that ultimately increases the risk of genito-urinary tract infections, drop-out from school, poor academic performance, and overall poor quality of life. Being a developing country, it is an unrecognized problematic area in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is crucial to assess knowledge and practice on menstrual hygiene among urban adolescent girls in Bangladesh.

Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Community Medicine of Rajshahi Medical College among 495 purposively selected urban adolescent girls. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire.

Results: The majority (57.2%) of the respondents in the study were more than 15 years old, and most (93.3%) were Muslim. Most of the girls (82.5%) have experienced menarche within the age range of 12-15 years, and the majority of respondents, 259 (52.32%), were informed about menstruation before menarche. Their source of information about menarche was mothers in most cases. Out of 495 adolescent girls who participated in this study, 70.9% had good knowledge of menstruation. About 82% of girls used commercially made sanitary pads, and 35.2% changed pads or clothes more than three times a day during menstruation.

Conclusion: The majority (70.9%) of adolescent girls had good knowledge of menstruation, and 73.3% had a good practice on menstrual hygiene. Therefore, there is a need to design and implement universal awareness creation and advocacy programs to improve their knowledge of safe and healthy menstruation management and promote good hygienic practices by creating an appropriate supportive home and social environment for all the adolescent girls.

TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 01-11
Present Assessment Status of ‘Allied Subjects of Surgery’ In Undergraduate Medical Education of Bangladesh: Fresh MBBS Graduates’ Views
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mohibur , Alam Kazi Khairul , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Karim Md Rezaul , Islam Mohammad Rashadull , Islam Md Kamrul
Published: January 2023

Background: The assessment is an integral part of the clinical teaching-learning process in undergraduate medical education.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the views of fresh MBBS graduates about the present assessment status of 'Allied Subjects of Surgery' in undergraduate medical education in Bangladesh. The study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021. Self-administered semi-structured questionnaires were administered to collect data from 40 fresh MBBS graduates. Data were collected from purposively selected 40 fresh MBBS graduates who passed the MBBS course with the completion of internship training within five years working in government and private hospitals or giving health care services in their chamber after getting permission from the respondents.

Results: This Study revealed that the conditions of different issues like formative assessments, summative assessments (Professional examinations), short answer questions (SAQ), multiple choice questions (MCQ), structured oral examinations (SOE), objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) and short cases were poor and in case of long cases were very poor in most of the Allied Subjects of Surgery compared to General Surgery, Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology. These differences were also statistically highly significant in all cases.

Conclusion: Hence it can be recommended that most of the Allied Subjects of Surgery should get optimum importance during the assessment procedures in undergraduate medical education of Bangladesh according to the health needs of the community and current global health care situation.

TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 27-33
Outcome of Lower Uterine Compressive Suture for the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage Due to Placenta Previa During Cesarean Section
Authors: Sarker Suravi , Das Mrinal Kanti , Hoque Al Mirajun , Sarkar Sunandita , Sultana Sharmin , Jesmin Shahela , Khatun Rokeya
Published: January 2023

Background: Lower uterine compression suture (Cervical-Isthmic apposition suture technique) is a new but effective method to arrest postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The effectiveness of the suture is not only due to local compression of the anterior and posterior walls of the uterus but also related to the indirect compression of the intramyometrial vessels running from the lateral edge of the lower uterine segment to its media part.  Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of uterine compression sutures for the management of PPH due to placenta previa during cesarean section.

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 45 women who developed severe postpartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa during cesarean section were selected peroperatively or postoperatively as the study case. A lower uterine compression suture was given to all the patients. If the bleeding was not well controlled, then other adjunctive procedures were performed. Patients with a bleeding disorder, type I placenta previa, cases other than placenta previa, and morbid adherents of placenta were excluded from the study. The patients were examined postoperatively and again in 2nd week and 6th week after hospital discharge for evaluation of any complications. Data regarding history, physical findings, and investigation were collected from the patient and the patient's record.

Result: Among the total of 45 cases, PPH was controlled in 88.9%(40) cases with compression sutures in the lower uterine segment, and only 11.1% (5) cases required additional procedures. It was observed that higher age groups, multiparous women, patients with <37 weeks of pregnancy, and previous history of cesarean section were significantly associated with a higher amount of bleeding.

Conclusion: Lower uterine compressive compression suture is an effective and safe method to control PPH due to placenta previa during cesarean section and can preserve the uterus for further pregnancy and menstruation.

TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 35-41
Detection of Uropathogens and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern by VITEK2 Automated System in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zohora Fatema Tuz , Alam Kh Md Faisal , Alam Md Shah , Kamal Abu Hena Mostofa , Haque Md Ahsanul , Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: January 2023

Background: Indwelling urinary catheters are frequently used in critically ill patients. Approximately 66% of patients in intensive care have a urinary catheter in place. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting all ages. Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest public health challenges of our time. Infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become an increasingly complex problem in ICU.  Objective: To identify catheter-associated uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern by VITEK2 automated system in intensive care unit patients in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital.

Material and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Microbiology department of Rajshahi Medical College, the Intensive Care Unit of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, and a commercial laboratory in Rajshahi during the period of January 2021 to December 2021. The specimen (urine) was inoculated in blood agar, nutrient agar, and MacConkey's agar media and incubated aerobically at 37˚C for 24 hours. Bacterial isolations and susceptibility tests were done by VITEK2 automated system.

Result: Out of the total 96 samples, culture yielded growth was 36 (37.50%), and culture-negative cases were 60(62.50%). In all age groups, males were predominant, totaling 63 (66.20%). A maximum of 33 cases were found in the age group of 18-30 years where males 23(69.70%) and females 10(30.30%). Among the culture-positive isolates, gram-negative organisms were higher (87.17%) than gram-positive (12.82%). Among 39 isolates, Escherichia coli was the predominant organism of 12(30.76%). Other isolates were Klebsiella spp. 10(25.64%), Pseudomonas spp. 5(12.82%), Acinetobacter spp. 4(10.25%), Enterobacter spp. 2(05.12%), CoNS 3(07.69%) respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility test, gram-negative organisms were highly susceptible to Colistin, followed by Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, and Amikacin. The most effective drugs for Gram-positive were Linezolid. Other susceptible drugs against Gram-positive bacteria were Vancomycin and Tigecycline.

Conclusion: Most of the isolated bacteria are multidrug resistant. Determining antimicrobial susceptibility by VITEK2 will aid the physician in choosing appropriate antibiotics and treating multidrug-resistant cases.

TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 43-49
Lipid Profile among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women in Rajshahi City
Authors: Begum Bedowra , Rupa Shamima Nazneen , Sayem ASM , Akhter Shahnaz , Sharmin Susmita , Jhumu Sumayra , Khatun Mst Fatema
Published: January 2023

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological state with rapid hormonal and metabolic changes that helps the growth and survival of the fetus properly. However, biochemical profile derangement may lead to pregnancy complications and, eventually maybe, death.  Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether lipid profile (Serum total cholesterol, Serum triglyceride, HDL-C, and LDL-C) during 3rd trimester of pregnancy differs from non-pregnant women of similar reproductive life.

Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional type of comparative study was carried out in the Physiology Department of Rajshahi Medical College in collaboration with the Maternity and Child Welfare Centre (MCWC), Rajshahi, over a period of 12 months from January 2019 to December 2019 among the pregnant and non-pregnant women to investigate the lipid profile during 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Approval from the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. A pre-designed, validated, structured questionnaire was used to gather information from 120 women by purposive sampling technique. Of them, 60 were pregnant women, and 60 were non-pregnant healthy women.

Results: The Results showed that the total serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and LDL-C were raised among pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women, and these were statistically significant (p < 0.001). But no significant difference in HDL-C was found between the two groups (p > 0.05). In this study, it was found that there was a substantial raised in lipid profile in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy compared with non-pregnant healthy women. So, regular monitoring of the lipid profile of pregnant women should be done to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion: Total metabolism is increased due to the needs of the growing fetus and the uterus. Basal metabolic rate may be increased up to 30% higher than that of the average for non-pregnant women.

TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 51-58
Glucose and Calcium Profile in Infants of Diabetic and Nondiabetic mothers- A Comparative Study
Authors: Islam Md Manirul , Ahmmad Be Nazir , Karim Md Rezaul , Islam Md Rokibul , Uddin Md Belal , Hoque Md Sanaul
Published: January 2023

Background: Diabetes is one of the commonest and most important metabolic disorders that affect the health of pregnant women and infants. Diabetic mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders complicating pregnancy. The neonatal mortality rate is over five times that of nondiabetic mothers and is higher irrespective of birth weight and gestational age. There has been significant improvement in the outcome of diabetic pregnancies largely due to better metabolic control before and during pregnancy and vigorous neonatal care in developed countries. The management in our country still poses a major challenge.

Methods: This case-control study was designed to find out the association between an infant's hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia with maternal diabetes. For the research, a total of 300 neonates were selected, where cases were selected from infants of diabetic mothers, and the control group was selected from infants of nondiabetic mothers. The mothers were interviewed by specific questionnaire, selected neonates were examined, and some biochemical tests were done to find out the outcome.

Results: The study included 300 neonates of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. The mean age of the Mothers of these neonates was 25.36 (SD±5.50) years. Among diabetic mothers 115(76%) had GDM and 36(23.8%) had PGDM. It is revealed that 83 (55%) of 150 mothers took insulin as the treatment. Hypoglycemia in neonates of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers right after birth at their first ½ hour of age 111 (37%). Hypoglycemia was found in 94 (62.3%) of infants of the diabetic mother than only 17(11.4%) in infants of the nondiabetic mother. Where the p-value is <0.001, which explains developing hypoglycemia in the infant of a diabetic mother is higher than nondiabetic mother. The number of hypocalcemic infants of the diabetic mother was 34 (22.5%), while hypocalcemic infants of the nondiabetic mother were only 8 (5.4%), which is significantly (p-value <0.001) lower.

Conclusions: Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia in infants were directly associated with the presence of diabetes during pregnancy. In spite of intensive management of maternal diabetes, the infants of diabetic mothers continue to be a high-risk population. Among the pregnancies complicated by diabetes, GDM continues to have a major contribution. Hypoglycemia remains the most common biochemical abnormality, followed by hypocalcemia. Therefore, this pregnancy complication will require increased re- sources to manage appropriate glycemic control during pregnancy and reduce adverse perinatal outcomes.

TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 93-102
Radiological Evaluation of WHO-Defined Pneumonia and Severe Pneumonia
Authors: Kader Md Fazlul , Ahmmad Be Nazir , Das Mrinal Kanti , Chowdhury Mst Ruksana Begum , Sultana Dilruba , Bari Md Iqbal , Uddin Md Belal
Published: January 2023

In developing countries like Bangladesh, Pneumonia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In about 50% of cases, no organism can be identified. Therefore, pneumonia diagnosis is usually based on radiographic findings, even in developed countries. World Health Organization (WHO) defines pneumonia based on the clinical Conclusions obtained by chest inspection and respiratory rate of the under-five year children. It was a cross-sectional descriptive type of study conducted in the department of pediatrics in collaboration with the Department of Radiology & Imaging, Rajshahi Medical College, for two years. Chest x-rays with interpretation showed out of 100 patients, 14% were normal, and 31%, 30%, and 25% were suggestive of bacterial Pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and viral Pneumonia, respectively. The chest radiograph is the single most important tool for the diagnosis, exclusion, management, planning of further diagnostic procedures, and follow-up of pneumonia patients. So diagnosis and management of pneumonia are impossible without the use of a chest x-ray evaluation.

TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 111-118
Frequency of Myocardial Infarction with the Frame of ABO Blood Group System
Authors: Islam Mohammad Fatteh Ul , Rawnuck Tanzila , Parveen Shahanaj , Sonia Farah Anjum , Akter Nasrin , Akber Iffat Ara
Published: January 2023

Background: The ABO blood group exhibits a blood cell surface protein and an endothelial cell-associated Willebrand factor, and there is evidence that the blood type of individuals can determine the risk of thrombosis in advance. Due to the importance and high prevalence of coronary artery disease, the association between myocardial infarction and ABO blood groups has not been proven, and there are even controversial.

Results.  Aims: To determine the relationship between the ABO blood group and acute myocardial infarction.

Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at the department of Transfusion Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. A total of 384 patients with a history of infarction as the sample. Purposive sampling was applied for the selection of data. The collected data were organized and analyzed using SPSS-22.

Results: Mean age was 54.34±17.26 years, from 25-73 years. Most of the patients, 182 (47.4%) within the 45-65 age group. More than one-third of patients, 295 (76.8%), were male, and 89 (23.2%) patients were female; the male: female ratio was near about 3:1. The association of blood group between STEMI and NSTEMI patients in males and females patients was not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the prevalence of MI in blood group O is more significantly associated with NSTEMI and STEMI patients than in all other ABO blood groups.

Conclusion: The study shows the relation between the ABO blood group and MI, where patients with the O group are more prone to STEMI and NSTEMI.

TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 125-131
Clinical Evaluation of Predisposing Factors of Hypoglycaemia in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Motiur , Talukder Suzauddin , Baker Issa Muhammad , Das Anupam , Baset Md Abdul , Najnin Farjana
Published: January 2023

Background: Hypoglycemia is a common medical problem in diabetic patients, and the potential range of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients exposed to hypoglycemia is significant. The study was conducted to evaluate the predisposing factors of hypoglycemia in diabetic populations.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the indoor and outdoor patient department of BIRDEM hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2009 to December 2009 after ethical approval in conformity with the revised 1964 Helsinki declaration. Following informed written consent, a total of 50 diabetic patients having hypoglycemia were finally included. Data analysis was done using SPSS 17.

Results: In the study population, significant members of hypoglycemic episodes were found in middle age (31-70) insulin-treated patients and poor diabetic education and in those who had other concomitant diseases. Poor dietary compliance (Reduced meal intake in 50% of cases and missed meal in 34% of cases) and lack of proper diabetic education about early recognition and treatment of hypoglycemia also appeared as important contributory factors. Noncompliance with regular exercise (40%) and unaccustomed exercise (4%) contribute to hypoglycemia. A significant number of hypoglycemic patients have chronic renal insufficiency (68%).

Conclusion: Hypoglycemia is common in the diabetic population who have poor knowledge and practice about diet, drug exercise technique of, use of insulin devices, and have an underlying systemic illness. So more rational education system and appropriate management of systemic diseases regarding the prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia is demanded by our diabetic patients.

TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 143-149
Glomerulonephritis Following Russell’s Viper Bite – 1st Case Report in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Abu Shahin Mohammed Mahbubur , Rahman M Siddiqur , Haque Md Zahirul , Rahman Md Khalilur , Amin M Robed , Faiz MA
Published: January 2023

Russell’s viper bite causing coagulopathy, hypotension, DIC, rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. Nephropathy usually is caused by RV having hemotoxic or myotoxic venom components. Multiple mechanism causes renal pathologic changes including tubular necrosis, cortical necrosis, interstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis. But above all glomerulonephritis is very rare. We report a case of Russell’s viper bite who died of renal failure due to focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis admitted int the Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 169-172
Indicadores para la evaluación de la evolución de la matrícula en instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Perfumo Maria , Ares María
Published: January 2023

La evaluación de la evolución de la matrícula en instituciones de educación superior es una temática de interés para la construcción de herramientas para el control de gestión de este tipo de entidades. Frente a ello, en el presente trabajo se presenta una metodología y un sistema de indicadores que facilite el estudio de la matrícula en entidades de educación superior desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, descriptiva y longitudinal. Se pretendiende realizar una aportación teórica y metodológica al área, a través de la puesta en valor de una propuesta para el análisis de la evolución de la matrícula.
La praxis metodológica del Pensamiento Complejo fortalece el desarrollo integral del Sector cooperativo-solidario agropecuario colombiano
Authors: Ramírez-Miranda Jorge
Published: January 2023

Este artículo tiene como propósito presentar una síntesis de los resultados del tema-problema de  investigación de la tesis doctoral “Participación y perspectivas del Sector cooperativo-solidario agropecuario colombiano (Scsacol) en la Economía Solidaria y el sector agropecuario nacional (2006-2019): Propuesta pedagógico-didáctica desde la praxis del Pensamiento Complejo articulada a la Economía Solidaria Colombiana”. El estudio requería la elección de un método de investigación pertinente; para el efecto, el autor preliminarmente examinó cuál era el método de investigación más adecuado y a su juicio, eligió el Pensamiento Complejo por considerarlo el más conveniente a ser aplicado en los diferentes tópicos relacionados con el desarrollo del proyecto y a explicar las razones de su elección.

 

Una vez definido el método del estudio, procedió a aplicarlo y trabajar en el desarrollo de sus objetivos: 1) determinar las causas, desarrollo y efectos socioeconómicos y políticos por los cuales se presenta la baja participación de éste sector en la economía nacional y solidaria y el sector agropecuario colombiano; 2) explicar las razones por las cuales se eligió el Pensamiento Complejo en el estudio y su articulación con los principios, valores y emprendimiento del sector solidario colombiano y 3) Proponer al (Scsacol) su fortalecimiento integral desde la praxis pedagógico-didáctica del Pensamiento Complejo articulada a los principios, valores y emprendimiento solidario planteados por el sector de la Economía solidaria colombiana (ESC).

 

La información para este estudio se obtuvo principalmente del Estado colombiano, de investigadora(es) de la (ESC), del sector agropecuario,  de organizaciones de la sociedad civil nacional e internacional del paradigma moriniano y de estudiosos del tema-problema investigativo; información que posibilitó realizar los objetivos del estudio y de la mencionada propuesta pedagógica.  A través del desarrollo  del proyecto se comprobó que la elección y aplicación metodológica del Pensamiento Complejo resultó ser la más pertinente.