bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hermeneutic Method in Modern Domestic Jurisprudence
Authors: Kozhevnikov Vladimir Valentinovich
Published: November 2019

This scientific article deals with the problem of the use of the hermeneutic method of obtaining knowledge of legal phenomena. The purpose of the article is to show the potential of the hermeneutic method in the field of law.  In the furtherance of this goal, the following objectives were set: 1) to justify the significance of the methodological basis of jurisprudence; 2) to consider the concept of hermeneutics in the historical aspect (views of Aristotle, Wilhelm Diltey, Friedrich Schleiermacher, Friedrich Nietzsche, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Max Weber and others); 3) to analyze the views of domestic scientists who justifying the necessity of using of the hermeneutic method by the study of legal phenomena (Djangir Abbasovich Kerimov, Mikhail Mikhailovich Rassolov, Petr Moiseyevich Rabinovich, Vitaly Andreevich Suslov, Ilya Lvovich Chestnov); 4) to show weak points of the hermeneutic method in jurisprudence, arguments of opponents of this approach (Vladimir Mikhailovich Syryh, Igor Yurevich Kozlikhin, Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Zhukov and others). The result of the conducted research were the following provisions: 1) without denying some fruitfulness of the metaphysics which is the basis of the analyzed method, we notice that the hermeneutics method is not applied practically in the law because there is no the corresponding technique and it is replaced with a historical method of interpretation of legal norms. In conclusion, it should be stressed that even those scientists who placed certain research hopes on the legal hermeneutics have now begun to doubt its potential, believing that this approach of the study of the law as an independent one has not yet taken place.
The Causes and Consequences of Rural-urban Migration: The Case of Wolaita Sodo Town Merhal Sub-City.
Authors: Delango Mesele Woldemichael
Published: November 2019

In developing countries like Ethiopia rural-urban migration is an image that distresses development in both urban and rural areas. Hence, this study was aimed to identify and investigate the major causes and consequences of rural-urban migration in Wolaita Sodo town Merhal Sub-city. With a confidence level of 90%, the sample sizes of 95 target respondents were determined by using Cochran s formula for sample size determination, but due to time and budget constraints the researcher reduced the sample size in to 50 from two k respective kebeles. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected from primary and secondary sources. The qualitative data was analyzed by using table, percentage, mean, frequency and graph and qualitative data obtained from Focus FGDs and key informants were analyzed through narration and qualitative descriptions. Hence problems such as financial (24%), unemployment (30%), inability to obtain social services (14%) and, do not get job as expected (30%) are now evident in the study areas. Taking into account the population growth of the town, constructing additional house and social service centers, such as schools, health institutions, recreational centers are important in providing needed services and better quality of life. Therefore, it needs GOs and NGOs considerable attention and other policy-makers to reflect on the most suitable ways to the existing problem.
The Participation of Community in Tourism Development of the Muara Jambi Temple Complex, Muaro Jambi Regency
Authors: Sinuhaji Tirta Utama , Lubis Suwardi , Asfriyanti Asfriyanti
Published: November 2019

The Muarajambi area is a national cultural preserve with an area of 3,981 hectares covering 9 villages in 2 sub-districts. This area has quite promising tourism potential. Tourism activities in the Muarajambi Temple area are centered in Muara Jambi Village. This is due to the fact that most of the restored temples are in this area. around the main temple complex. The development of tourism is pursued by the community by forming associations and organizations, so that it can help in developing tourism in the Muarajambi Temple area. Community participation in developing tourism in the Muarajambi Temple Area is mostly done through tourism conscious groups; in general community participation is influenced by two factors. The first factor is an internal factor, internal factors that influence the Group includes a strong desire of the community to participate, a sense of concern for Group members towards the younger generation, the age of the members involved in these groups are in the productive age, and the level of education of the management also influences their participation under construction. The second factor is an external factor, an external factor that influences community participation in tourism development in the Muara Jambi village, including the large support from the government regarding community involvement in activities that support tourism. However, the role of the Muaro Jambi Regency Government which has full authority over the development of this region has not yet had an influence in the process of developing the Muarajambi Temple Area.
Prospects and Challenges of Precision Medicine in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries: A Brief Overview
Authors: Haque Mainul , Islam Tariqul , Sartelli Massimo , Abdullah Adnan , Dhingra Sameer
Published: November 2019

The trend of NCDs in most LMIC countries is slowly but gradually follows that of in the developed countries. There are four significant diseases reported by WHO, which are equally common, such as CVDs, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease that causes widespread early death & morbidity. Indeed, it incurs an overwhelming financial burden to most countries in the world. The rise of drug-resistant microbes is another major problem. To overcome this issue, precision medicine (PM) comes into play whereby individual variability in genes, environment, lifestyle, and nutrition of each person is considered for disease treatment & prevention. PM provides a personalized approach, the right treatment to the right people at the right time. Many wealthy countries in the West have started adopting PM though the initial cost is high, ultimately, in the long run, will reduce the healthcare cost by getting rid of the ineffective treatment strategies. However, the PM in LMICs is still at an early stage due to issues such as lack of populationspecific data, competency, expertise, and poor financial support.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.32-47
Treatment adherence, knowledge, attitude and quality of life of adolescents with asthma in northeastern Malaysia
Authors: Zainol Amirul Hisham , Ismail Ahmad Filza , Taib Fahisham , Norsa’adah Bachok
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that affect physically, emotionally and psychologically. In adolescent, various factors contributed to poor asthma control. This study aims to identify treatment adherence, quality of life, knowledge and attitude in adolescents with asthma.

Method: This cross-sectional study randomly selected 14 schools in two districts of a state in North-eastern of Malaysia. Complete information was obtained from 262 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old, who were diagnosed with bronchial asthma in the last six months or having recurrent wheeze for the past 12 months. The tools used include Asthma control test; Asthma treatment adherence; Knowledge on asthma; Attitude on asthma; Paediatric asthma quality of life questionnaires have undergone various process of translation, face validation and assessment of the reliability and validity to achieve a standardized Malay language version.

Results: There were about 30% of the adolescent who have not taking their medicine regularly with 50% non-compliant once symptom control was achieved. 22.5% of the participants felt embarrass when using inhaler in front of their friends. Our study showed a higher adherenceto medication of more than 70% compared to other studies. However, more than 50% of of the participants have minimal understanding on the disease natural history. Approximately 20-30% of them admitted of experiencing overall poor quality of life at the time of the study.

Conclusion: Most participants reported having good asthma treatment adherence; but in our study, half of the adolescent have poor knowledge of asthma and negative attitude towards medication which influenced the quality of life.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.73-82
The attempt of graphodiagnostics of health state of the last hetman of Ukraine Kyrylo Rozumovskyi using samples of his handwriting
Authors: Sergey Degtyarev , Andrii Loboda
Published: November 2019

Background: The article makes an attempt to define health state and probable illnesses of the last hetman of Ukraine Kyrylo Rozumovskyi in the last years of his life.

Methods: The study is based on using and analyzing of the memoirs and biography books, containing records and detailed description of health state of K. Rozumovskyi, and documentary archive materials with the samples of his handwriting. To analyze the handwriting of K. Rozumovskyi, the special graphological test developed by Polish physicians of National Health Institute in cooperation with psychologists and graphologists was used.

Results: According to the authors’ conclusions, K. Rozumovskyi suffered from diabetes mellitus, gout, and ischemic heart disease. He was vulnerable to common cold also. It is assumed that these diseases contributed to the myocardial infarction which caused his death in 1803.

Conclusion: Considering the lack of the system of professional medicine in XVII, XVIII, early XIX century, using graphological method for determining the health of well-known people of these times, is effective.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.90-93
Study of adverse reactions due to fresh frozen plasma transfusion among hemophilia patients
Authors: Haque Md Rafiqul , Biswas Dannish Arefin , Akhter Razia , Chowdhury Farhana Jaya , Ahmed Zia Uddin
Published: November 2019

Background: Almost all hemophilia patients are treated with fresh frozen plasma and other alternatives. As they are on multiple transfusion of FFP, majority of the patient experience adverse reaction to FFP transfusion. There are various types of adverse events occur that are documented in national and international data. My research activity targeted to explore commonly encountered adverse events among Bangladeshi population. This helps the physician to plan a management protocol.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the adverse events of FFP transfusion who are receiving FFP for long time.

Materials and Method: It was a prospective type of observational study. The study was carried out in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This study was conducted from July 2011 to June 2012 for a period of one (1) year. 60 patients with hemophilia were selected from patients attending at day care unit of Transfusion Medicine dept. of BSMMU.

Results: Among 60 patients, 53.33% patients develop itching 36.67% patients developed urticaria, 6.67% patients develops fever and rigor and 3.33 patients developed nausea.

Conclusion: In this study it was found that majority of the patients developed itching following transfusion of FFP. Adverese events like urticaria, fever and nausea ranked as 2nd, 3rd and 4th position respectively.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.148-151
Application of transient elastography in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Xinrong , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun
Published: November 2019

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Although it has become one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the Western world, the proportion of NAFLD patients developing these complications is rather small. Therefore, current guidelines recommend noninvasive tests for the initial assessment of NAFLD. Among the available non-invasive tests, transient elastography by FibroScan® (Echosens, Paris, France) is commonly used by hepatologists in Europe and Asia, and the machine has been introduced to the United States in 2013 with rapid adoption. Transient elastography measures liver stiffness and the controlled attenuation parameter simultaneously and can serve as a one-stop examination for both liver steatosis and fibrosis. Liver stiffness measurement also correlates with clinical outcomes and can be used to select patients for varices screening. Although obesity is a common reason for measurement failures, the development of the XL probe allows successful measurements in the majority of obese patients. This article reviews the performance and limitations of transient elastography in NAFLD and highlights its clinical applications. We also discuss the reliability criteria for transient elastography examination and factors associated with false-positive liver stiffness measurements.
The Right to Dream: Gender, Modernity, and the Problem of Class in Kate O'Brien's Bourgeois Bildungsromane
Authors: Murphy Naoise
Published: November 2019

Feminist critics have celebrated Kate O'Brien's pioneering approach to gender and sexuality, yet there has been little exploration of her innovations of the coming-of-age narrative. Creating a modern Irish reworking of the Bildungsroman, O'Brien's heroines represent an idealized model of female identity-formation which stands in sharp contrast to the nationalist state's vision of Irish womanhood. Using Franco Moretti's theory of the Bildungsroman, a framing of the genre as a thoroughly ‘modern’ form of the novel, this article applies a critical Marxist lens to O'Brien's output. This reading brings to light the ways in which the limitations of the Bildungsroman work to constrain O'Brien's subversive politics. Their middle-class status remains an integral part of the identity of her heroines, informing the forms of liberation they seek. Fundamentally, O'Brien's idealization of aristocratic culture, elitist exceptionalism and ‘detachment of spirit’ restricts the emancipatory potential of her vision of Irish womanhood.
ISOTOPES OF URAN AND RADIUM IN UNDERGROUND BRINES OF SIBERIAN PLATE
Authors: Artamonova Svetlana
Published: November 2019

Activities of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 238U in underground brines of Cambrian sedimentary sequence in area of “Udachnaya” kimberlite pipe (Siberian plate) are considered. Activity of radium increases with the degree of the metamorphization of the underground brines. The work is done with the help of high-resolution semiconductor gamma-spectroscopy on state assignment of IGM SB RAS and on the project No. 18-45-140020 «Features of nuclear technogenesis by the example of the object of the peaceful underground nuclear explosion «Crystal» supported by the Russian foundation for basic research.
TECHNOGENIC ANOMALIES IN THE ABANDONED TAILINGS OF GOLD MINING: ELECTROPHYSICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL DATA
Authors: Kuleshova Tatyana , Yurkevich Nataliya , Bortnikova Svetlana , Saeva Olga
Published: November 2019

The tailing dump of the Komsomolsk gold-mining plant is considered. The aim of the work is to study the composition of mining waste and the directions of migration of drainage using electro-tomography and geochemical methods, as well as determining the variability of electrophysical parameters and composition of the man-made environment depending on temperature. The results of a laboratory experiment to determine the concentrations of CS2, C2H6S, (CH3)2SO above the surface of the waste substance are given.
Pembuatan Serbuk Aloe Vera sebagai Bahan Baku Kosmetik Masker Wajah Menggunakan Metode Vacuum Drying
Authors: Permanasari Ayu Ratna , Saripudin Saripudin , Saputra Tri Reksa , Hidayatulloh Muhammad Fahmi , Fathurohman Nizar
Published: November 2019

Serbuk lidah buaya merupakan salah satu produk olahan lidah buaya yang banyak digunakan industri kosmetik sebagai bahan tambahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kondisi operasi dan konsentrasi zat aditif dengan variasi temperatur operasi (50oC, 60oC, dan 70oC) dan variasi konsentrasi maltodekstrin (6%, 7%, 8%, dan 9%) dalam pembuatan serbuk lidah buaya untuk mencapai kandungan antrakuinon terendah dan kandungan glukomanan tertinggi. Bahan yang digunakan adalah lidah buaya (Aloe Vera barbadensis.) yang dilakukan ­perlakuan awal sebelum pengeringan. Serbuk lidah buaya diukur kadar air, rendemen, kandungan antrakuinon dan kandungan glukomanan. Hasil menunjukan bahwa pada temperatur 60oC dan konsentrasi maltodekstrin 8%, serbuk lidah buaya memiliki kadar air 6,92%; rendemen 9% kandungan antrakuinon 20,8%; dan kandungan glukomanan 11,5% merupakan hasil terbaik.

 

Aloe vera powder is one of processed aloe products are widely used cosmetic industry as an additive. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum operating conditions and concentrations of additives by variations in the operating temperature (50, 60, and 70°C) and the variation of the concentration of maltodextrin (6, 7, 8, and 9%) in the manufacture of aloe vera powder to reach the lowest anthraquinone content and highest glucomannan content. Materials used are pre treated aloe vera (Aloe Vera barbadensis.) before drying process. Aloe vera powder measured water content, yield, anthraquinone content, and glucomannan content. Results showed that at temperature of 60° C and a concentration of 8%. Aloe vera powder has a water content of 6,92%; 9,00% yield; glucomannan content of 11,50%; and 27.30% anthraquinone content is the best results.
Complex Neutrosophic Hypergraphs: New Social Network Models
Authors: Luqman Anam , Akram Muhammad , Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2019

A complex neutrosophic set is a useful model to handle indeterminate situations with a periodic nature. This is characterized by truth, indeterminacy, and falsity degrees which are the combination of real-valued amplitude terms and complex-valued phase terms. Hypergraphs are objects that enable us to dig out invisible connections between the underlying structures of complex systems such as those leading to sustainable development. In this paper, we apply the most fruitful concept of complex neutrosophic sets to theory of hypergraphs. We define complex neutrosophic hypergraphs and discuss their certain properties including lower truncation, upper truncation, and transition levels. Furthermore, we define T-related complex neutrosophic hypergraphs and properties of minimal transversals of complex neutrosophic hypergraphs. Finally, we represent the modeling of certain social networks with intersecting communities through the score functions and choice values of complex neutrosophic hypergraphs. We also give a brief comparison of our proposed model with other existing models.
Stability Analysis of Jacobian-Free Newton’s Iterative Method
Authors: Amiri Abdolreza , Cordero Alicia , Darvishi Mohammad Taghi , Torregrosa Juan R.
Published: November 2019

It is well known that scalar iterative methods with derivatives are highly more stable than their derivative-free partners, understanding the term stability as a measure of the wideness of the set of converging initial estimations. In multivariate case, multidimensional dynamical analysis allows us to afford this task and it is made on different Jacobian-free variants of Newton’s method, whose estimations of the Jacobian matrix have increasing order. The respective basins of attraction and the number of fixed and critical points give us valuable information in this sense.
Chemical Composition of Winter Rape Seeds Depending on the Biostimulators Used
Authors: Gugała Marek , Sikorska Anna , Zarzecka Krystyna , Findura Pavol , Malaga-Toboła Urszula
Published: November 2019

Plant growth regulators may reduce the negative effect of environmental stress factors and can contribute to increasing the quality and quantity of the yield. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of biostimulators on the quality of seeds of three winter rape morphotypes. Three varieties of winter rape were used: Poznaniak (population variety), PX104 (hybrid variety restored with a semi-dwarf growth type) and Konkret (hybrid variety restored with a traditional growth type). The varieties were exposed to three treatments: the biostimulator Tytanit®, the biostimulator Asahi®SL and the biostimulator Silvit®, and the control with no biostimulators. Seeds were analysed for content of crude fat, total fat and crude fibres. The biostimulators reduced total protein content (on average from 0.8 to 1.75 g·kg−1 of d.m.) and increased the concentration of crude fat (on average from 0.71 to 1.93 g·kg−1 of d.m.) and crude fibre (on average from 0.15 to 0.84 g·kg−1 of d.m.) compared to the control. PX104 had the highest content of crude fat and total fat protein, and the lowest in crude fibre. The smallest protein content was found in seeds of the long-stem hybrid Konkret, while crude fat was lowest in the population form (Poznaniak), and crude fibre was lowest in long-stem hybrid (Konkret).
Key Aspects on the Biology, Ecology and Impacts of Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers] and the Role of Glyphosate and Non-Chemical Alternative Practices for the Management of This Weed in Europe
Authors: Travlos Ilias S. , Montull Jose M. , Kukorelli Gabor , Malidza Goran , Dogan Mehmet N. , Cheimona Nikolina , Antonopoulos Nikolaos , Kanatas Panagiotis J. , Zannopoulos Stavros , Peteinatos Gerasimos
Published: November 2019

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers is a common and noxious worldwide weed of increasing distribution in many European countries. In the present review, information on the biology, ecology, agricultural, economic and environmental impact of johnsongrass is given, and the current status of this weed in Europe is discussed. Furthermore, special attention is given to the important role of field trials using glyphosate to control weeds in arable and perennial crops in many European countries. Some of the factors which affect control efficacy and should be taken into account are also discussed. Finally, several non-chemical alternative methods (cultural, mechanical, thermal, biological, etc.) for johnsongrass management are also presented. The adoption of integrated weed management (IWM) techniques such as glyphosate use, crop rotation, and deep tillage is strongly recommended to control plant species that originate from both seed and rhizomes.
Processing Tomato–Durum Wheat Rotation under Integrated, Organic and Mulch-Based No-Tillage Organic Systems: Yield, N Balance and N Loss
Authors: Tosti Giacomo , Benincasa Paolo , Farneselli Michela , Guiducci Marcello , Onofri Andrea , Tei Francesco
Published: November 2019

In a 4-year study, the biannual crop rotation processing tomato–durum wheat was applied to three cropping systems: (i) an innovative organic coupled with no-tillage (ORG+) where an autumn-sown cover crop was terminated by roller-crimping and then followed by the direct transplantation of processing tomato onto the death-mulch cover; (ii) a traditional organic (ORG) with autumn-sown cover crop that was green manured and followed by processing tomato; and (iii) a conventional integrated low-input (INT) with bare soil during the fall–winter period prior to the processing tomato. N balance, yield and N leaching losses were determined. Innovative cropping techniques such as wheat–faba bean temporary intercropping and the direct transplantation of processing tomato into roll-crimped cover crop biomass were implemented in ORG+; the experiment was aimed at: (i) quantifying the N leaching losses; (ii) assessing the effect of N management on the yield and N utilization; and (iii) comparing the cropping system outputs (yield) in relation to extra-farm N sources (i.e., N coming from organic or synthetic fertilizers acquired from the market) and N losses. The effects of such innovations on important agroecological services such as yield and N recycling were assessed compared to those supplied by the other cropping systems. Independently from the soil management strategy (no till or inversion tillage), cover crops were found to be the key factor for increasing the internal N recycling of the agroecosystems and ORG+ needs a substantial improvement in terms of provisioning services (i.e., yield).
Improving Site-Specific Maize Yield Estimation by Integrating Satellite Multispectral Data into a Crop Model
Authors: Joshi Vijaya R. , Thorp Kelly R. , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Johnson Gregg A. , Porter Paul M. , Strock Jeffrey S. , Garcia y Garcia Axel
Published: November 2019

Integrating remote sensing data into crop models offers opportunities for improved crop yield estimation. To compare site-specific yield estimation accuracy of a stand-alone crop model with a data-integration approach, a study was conducted in 2016–2017 with nitrogen (N)-fertilized and unfertilized treatments across a heterogeneous 7-ha maize field. For each treatment, yield data were grouped into five classes resulting in 109 spatial zones. In each zone, the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES)-Maize model was run using the GeoSim plugin within Quantum GIS. In the data integration approach, maize biomass values estimated using satellite imagery at the five (V5) and ten (V10) leaf collar stages were used to optimize the total soil nitrogen concentration (SLNI) and soil fertility factor (SLPF) in CERES-Maize. Without integration, maize yield was simulated with root mean square error (RMSE) of 1264 kg ha−1. Optimization of SLNI improved yield simulations at both V5 and V10. However, better simulations were obtained from optimization at V10 (RMSE 1026 kg ha−1) as compared to V5 (RMSE 1158 kg ha−1). Optimization of SLPF together with SLNI did not further improve the yield simulations. This study shows that integrating remote sensing data into a crop model can improve site-specific maize yield estimations as compared to the stand-alone crop modeling approach.
Characterization of the BnA10.tfl1 Gene Controls Determinate Inflorescence Trait in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Jia Yongpeng , Li Kaixiang , Liu Haidong , Zan Lingxiong , Du Dezhi
Published: November 2019

Determinate inflorescences have a significant effect on the genetic improvement of rapeseed, so understanding the molecular function underlying the inflorescence trait may be beneficial to oilseed breeding. A previous study found candidate gene BnTFL1 (Terminal Flower 1) for control of the inflorescence trait on Brassica napus chromosome A10 (16,627–16,847 kb). However, little is known about the function of the BnTFL1 gene in B. napus. In this study, we firstly studied the formation of the shoot apical meristem and gene expression in indeterminate and determinate inflorescences; the results showed that the inflorescence architecture and BnA10.TFL1 expression showed significant differences in the shoot apex at the budding stage. Then, two alleles (named BnA10.TFL1 gene from indeterminate and BnA10.tfl1 gene from determinate) were cloned and sequence-analyzed; the results suggest that the open reading frame of the alleles comprises 537 bp, encodes 178 amino acids containing a conserved phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) domain, and shares high similarity with Arabidopsis thaliana TFL1. To analyze the function of BnA10.TFL1, the BnA10.TFL1 gene was introduced into the determinate A. thaliana tfl1 mutant and B. napus 571 line by complementation experiment. The determinate traits were restored to indeterminate, and expression of BnA10.TFL1 was increased in the indeterminate shoot apex. These results reveal that BnA10.tfl1 is a gene controlling the determinate inflorescence trait. Moreover, the BnA10.TFL1 protein was localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. Collectively, the results of this study help us to understand the molecular mechanism of determinate inflorescences and will provide a reliable research basis for the application of determinate inflorescences in B. napus.
Marker-Assisted Development of a Blue-Grained Substitution Line Carrying the Thinopyrum ponticum Chromosome 4Th(4D) in the Spring Bread Wheat Saratovskaya 29 Background
Authors: Gordeeva Elena , Badaeva Ekaterina , Yudina Rimma , Shchukina Lyudmila , Shoeva Olesya , Khlestkina Elena
Published: November 2019

There is growing interest in cereals with anthocyanins in grain as a source of natural biologically active compounds beneficial for human health. In bread wheat, anthocyanins accumulate in the pericarp, under control of Pp genes, and in the aleurone layer, under control of Ba. Breeding anthocyanin-rich wheat cultivars is possible through the transfer of genes from genetic stocks to the desired cultivars. A blue-grained substitution line, s:S294Th(4D) (BC7 progeny), of the bread wheat cultivar Saratovskaya 29 (S29) carrying the Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) chromosome 4Th was developed. The 4Th/4D substitution was confirmed with chromosome C-banding and multicolor FISH, as well as by microsatellite analysis. Total anthocyanin content in the bran fraction of the new blue-grained line was 475.7 μg/g compared to 355.6 μg/g of the control purple-grained near-isogenic line, i:S29Pp-A1Pp-D1Pp3P, and a total absence in S29. Although the developed line carries entire chromosome substitution, its 1000 grains weight, milling parameters, and dough physical properties did not differ or decreased slightly comparison to S29. These results support that the developed substitution line can be of interest in breeding programs to increase the anthocyanin production in commercial varieties.
Comparison of Faecal versus Rumen Inocula for the Estimation of NDF Digestibility
Authors: Chiaravalli Maria , Rapetti Luca , Rota Graziosi Andrea , Galassi Gianluca , Crovetto Gianni Matteo , Colombini Stefania
Published: November 2019

Cow faeces have been investigated as alternative inoculum to replace rumen fluid to determine neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (NDFD). Aims of this study were to estimate: (1) the NDFD (48 h) of feed ingredients using a rumen inoculum in comparison with faecal inocula from cows fed diets with different forage basis; (2) the undigestible NDF (uNDF) at 240 and 360 h with ruminal fluid and faecal inocula from lactating cows fed two different diets. At 48 h incubation, the NDFD was affected both by feed and type of inoculum (p < 0.01) and by their interaction (p = 0.03). Overall, the mean NDFD was higher for rumen inoculum than for faecal inocula (585 vs. 389 g/kg NDF, p < 0.05), and faecal inoculum obtained from cows fed hay-based diets gave lower NDFD than those from cows fed maize silage (367 vs. 440 g/kg, p < 0.05). At long incubation times, the average uNDF was affected by substrate, inoculum and incubation time (p < 0.01), but not by their interactions. For each inoculum, significantly lower values were obtained at 360 than at 240 h. Regressions between uNDF with rumen and with the tested faecal inocula resulted in r2 ≥ 0.98. Despite the differences at 48 h, the uNDF showed that faecal inoculum could replace rumen fluid at longer incubation times.
Effect of Fermented Cottonseed Meal on the Lipid-Related Indices and Serum Metabolic Profiles in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Niu Jun-Li , Zhang Jun , Wei Lian-Qing , Zhang Wen-Ju , Nie Cun-Xi
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to investigate the changes of lipid-related gene and serum metabolites in broiler chickens fed with fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) diet, through quantitative real-time PCR and metabolomics analysis. Totally, 180 1-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to two groups with six replicates of 15 birds in each. The two diets consisted of a control diet supplemented with 0% FCSM (CON group) and an experimental diet with 6% FCSM (fermented by Candida tropicalis) replacing the soybean meal (FCSM group). The results showed that both abdominal fat content and subcutaneous fat thickness significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in response to dietary FCSM supplementation at the age of 21 d. Serum concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (p < 0.05) in FCSM fed broilers compared with CON fed broilers, while the levels of epinephrine and growth hormone in serum, liver and abdominal fat tissue were higher (p < 0.05) in FCSM than in CON fed broilers. The activity of hormone-sensitive esterase and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver and abdominal fat were higher (p < 0.05) in FCSM than CON group. Additionally, compared with the CON group (p < 0.05), the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and LPL genes were upregulated in the livers of FCSM group broilers. Gene expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase and LPL in the abdominal fat tissue were also upregulated (p < 0.05) with the broilers fed with FCSM diets. A total of 20 significantly different metabolites were obtained in the serum of different dietary FCSM supplemented fed broilers. The mainly altered pathways were clustered into organic acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. These results not only provide a better understanding of broilers’ lipid metabolism with FCSM but also can be helpful in further improvement of the broilers’ healthy production and utilization of FCSM.
13-(2-Methylbenzyl) Berberine Is a More Potent Inhibitor of MexXY-Dependent Aminoglycoside Resistance than Berberine
Authors: Kotani Kenta , Matsumura Mio , Morita Yuji , Tomida Junko , Kutsuna Ryo , Nishino Kunihiko , Yasuike Shuji , Kawamura Yoshiaki
Published: November 2019

We previously showed that berberine attenuates MexXY efflux-dependent aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we aimed to synthesize berberine derivatives with higher MexXY inhibitory activities. We synthesized 11 berberine derivatives, of which 13-(2-methylbenzyl) berberine (13-o-MBB) but not its regiomers showed the most promising MexXY inhibitory activity. 13-o-MBB reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various aminoglycosides 4- to 128 fold for a highly multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strain. Moreover, 13-o-MBB significantly reduced the MICs of gentamicin and amikacin in Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Burkholderia cepacia. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices indicated that 13-o-MBB acted synergistically with aminoglycosides in only MexXY-positive P. aeruginosa strains. Time-kill curves showed that 13-o-MBB or higher concentrations of berberine increased the bactericidal activity of gentamicin by inhibiting MexXY in P. aeruginosa. Our findings indicate that 13-o-MBB inhibits MexXY-dependent aminoglycoside drug resistance more strongly than berberine and that 13-o-MBB is a useful inhibitor of aminoglycoside drug resistance due to MexXY.
Enhancement of Minor Ginsenosides Contents and Antioxidant Capacity of American and Canadian Ginsengs (Panax quinquefolius) by Puffing
Authors: Kim Min-Soo , Jeon Sung-Joon , Youn So Jung , Lee Hyungjae , Park Young-Joon , Kim Dae-Ok , Kim Byung-Yong , Kim Wooki , Baik Moo-Yeol
Published: November 2019

The effects of puffing on ginsenosides content and antioxidant activities of American and Canadian ginsengs, Panax quinquefolius, were investigated. American and Canadian ginsengs puffed at different pressures were extracted using 70% ethanol. Puffing formed a porous structure, inducing the efficient elution of internal compounds that resulted in significant increases in extraction yields and crude saponin content. The content of minor ginsenosides (Rg2, Rg3, compound K) increased with increasing puffing pressure, whereas that of major ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rd) decreased, possibly due to their deglycosylation and pyrolysis. Furthermore, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, amount of Maillard reaction products, and acidic polysaccharides content increased with increasing puffing pressure, but 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity did not. There was no substantial difference in the results between puffed American and Canadian ginsengs. Consequently, these results suggest that puffing can be a promising novel technology for processing P. quinquefolius to achieve higher levels of minor ginsenosides and obtain value-added products.
Effects of Resistance Exercise on Cerebral Redox Regulation and Cognition: An Interplay Between Muscle and Brain
Authors: Pinho Ricardo A. , Aguiar Aderbal S. , Radák Zsolt
Published: November 2019

This review highlighted resistance training as an important training type for the brain. Most studies that use physical exercise for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases have focused on aerobic physical exercise, revealing different behavioral, biochemical, and molecular effects. However, recent studies have shown that resistance training can also significantly contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases as well as to the maintenance, development, and recovery of brain activities through specific neurochemical adaptations induced by the training. In this scenario we observed the results of several studies published in different journals in the last 20 years, focusing on the effects of resistance training on three main neurological aspects: Neuroprotective mechanisms, oxidative stress, and cognition. Systematic database searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline were performed to identify peer-reviewed studies from the 2000s. Combinations of keywords related to brain disease, aerobic/resistance, or strength physical exercise were used. Other variables were not addressed in this review but should be considered for a complete understanding of the effects of training in the brain.
The Synergistic Behavior of Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds Obtained from Winemaking Waste’s Valorization, Increased the Efficacy of a Sunscreen System
Authors: Hubner Alexandra , Sobreira Flávia , Vetore Neto Alberto , Pinto Claudinéia Aparecida Sales de Oliveira , Dario Michelli Ferrera , Díaz Ingrit Elida Collantes , Lourenço Felipe Rebello , Rosado Catarina , Baby André Rolim , Bacchi Elfriede Marianne
Published: November 2019

Grape pomace retains polyphenols in the peels and in the seeds after winemaking, which is indicative of the high valorization potential of this industrial waste. There is strong evidence that phenolics are robust antioxidants and confer photoprotection; thus, it is rational to apply these active compounds from winemaking waste to sunscreens, in order to increase UV protection. Despite the importance of this class of cosmetics to public health, more efficacious strategies are still needed to overcome the problems caused by the photoinstability of some UV filters. The hydroethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera L. grapes was obtained by percolation and then lyophilized. Six formulations were developed: Type I—cosmetic base and UV filters; Type II—cosmetic base and extract; and Type III—cosmetic base, extract and UV filters. Each formulation was prepared in the pHs 5 and 7. The antioxidant activities of the samples were measured by DPPH• and expressed in Trolox® equivalents (TE), and their photostability and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) were analyzed by diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. The anti-radical efficiencies observed in the formulations with grape extract were: (II) 590.12 ± 0.01 μmol TE g−1 at pH 5 and 424.51 ± 0.32 μmol TE g−1 at pH 7; (III) 550.88 ± 0.00 μmol TE g−1 at pH 5 and 429.66 ± 0.10 μmol TE g−1, at pH 7, demonstrating that the UV filters, butylmethoxydibenzoyl methane, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and ethylhexyl dimethyl 4-aminobenzoic acid had no influence on this effect. The photoprotective efficacy and the photostability of formulation III containing the extract and UV filters at pH 5 suggested that a synergism between the active molecules provided an 81% increase in SPF. Additionally, this was the only sample that maintained a broad spectrum of protection after irradiation. These results confirmed that the grape pomace extract has multifunctional potential for cosmetic use, mainly in sunscreens, granting them superior performance.
Combination of PDT and NOPDT with a Tailored BODIPY Derivative
Authors: Lazzarato Loretta , Gazzano Elena , Blangetti Marco , Fraix Aurore , Sodano Federica , Picone Giulia Maria , Fruttero Roberta , Gasco Alberto , Riganti Chiara , Sortino Salvatore
Published: November 2019

The engineering of photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) with nitric oxide (NO) photodonors (NOPD) is broadening the horizons for new and yet to be fully explored unconventional anticancer treatment modalities that are entirely controlled by light stimuli. In this work, we report a tailored boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative that acts as a PS and a NOPD simultaneously upon single photon excitation with highly biocompatible green light. The photogeneration of the two key species for PDT and NOPDT, singlet oxygen (1O2) and NO, has been demonstrated by their direct detection, while the formation of NO is shown not to be dependent on the presence of oxygen. Biological studies carried out using A375 and SKMEL28 cancer cell lines, with the aid of suitable model compounds that are based on the same BODIPY light harvesting core, unambiguously reveal the combined action of 1O2 and NO in inducing amplified cancer cell mortality exclusively under irradiation with visible green light.
Selenium Treatment Enhanced Clearance of Salmonella in Chicken Macrophages (HD11)
Authors: Liu Zhexi , Huang Jianwei , Nie Yijuan , Qazi Izhar , Cao Yutao , Wang Linli , Ai Yue , Zhou Guangbin , Wu Keliang , Han Hongbing
Published: November 2019

As an important micronutrient, selenium (Se) plays many essential roles in immune response and protection against pathogens in humans and animals, but underlying mechanisms of Se-based control of salmonella growth within macrophages remain poorly elucidated. In this study, using RNA-seq analyses, we demonstrate that Se treatment (at an appropriate concentration) can modulate the global transcriptome of chicken macrophages HD11. The bioinformatic analyses (KEGG pathway analysis) revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in retinol and glutathione metabolism, revealing that Se may be associated with retinol and glutathione metabolism. Meanwhile, Se treatment increased the number of salmonella invading the HD11 cells, but reduced the number of salmonella within HD11 cells, suggesting that enhanced clearance of salmonella within HD11 cells was potentially modulated by Se treatment. Furthermore, RNA-seq analyses also revealed that nine genes including SIVA1, FAS, and HMOX1 were differentially expressed in HD11 cells infected with salmonella following Se treatment, and GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. In summary, these results indicate that Se treatment may not only affect retinol and glutathione metabolism in macrophages, but could also inhibit salmonella-induced macrophage apoptosis via an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway involving SIVA1.
Study of the Dynamic Behaviour of Circular Membranes with Low Tension
Authors: Lima-Rodriguez Antonia , Gonzalez-Herrera Antonio , Garcia-Manrique Jose
Published: November 2019

The dynamic behaviour of membranes has been widely studied by well-known authors for a long time. A clear distinction can be made between the behaviour of membranes without tension (plate case) and membranes subjected to large tension or pre-strain in their plane (membrane case). In classical theories, less attention has been paid to membranes subjected to a low level of tension, which solution is between both extreme cases. Recently, certain fields of research are demanding solutions for this intermediate behaviour. It is the case of membranes present in MEMS and sensor or the response of the tympanic membrane in mammals hearing system. In this paper, the behaviour of plates and circular membranes with boundary conditions clamped in the edges has been studied. The natural frequencies for both cases (plate and membrane) have been calculated using the solutions of the traditional theories and these have been compared with the numerical frequencies calculated by finite element analysis. The dynamic response of membrane with low tension, corresponding to a transition between these extreme behaviours, has also been calculated. A theoretical solution has been used complemented with a wide set of numerical finite elements calculations. The analytical and numerical solutions are very close, being the error made using both methods very low; nevertheless, there are no analytical solutions for the entire transition zone between the plate and membrane behaviour. Therefore, this range has been completed using finite element analysis. Broad ranges of geometric configurations have been studied. The transition behaviour of the membrane has been clearly identified. The main practical consequences of these results have been discussed, in particular focused on the response of the tympanic membrane.
Prediction Methods and Experimental Techniques for Chatter Avoidance in Turning Systems: A Review
Authors: Urbikain Gorka , Olvera Daniel , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto , Beranoagirre Aitor , Elías-Zuñiga Alex
Published: November 2019

The general trend towards lightweight components and stronger but difficult to machine materials leads to a higher probability of vibrations in machining systems. Amongst them, chatter vibrations are an old enemy for machinists with the most dramatic cases resulting in machine-tool failure, accelerated tool wear and tool breakage or part rejection due to unacceptable surface finish. To avoid vibrations, process designers tend to command conservative parameters limiting productivity. Among the different machining processes, turning is responsible of a great amount of the chip volume removed worldwide. This paper reports some of the main efforts from the scientific literature to predict stability and to avoid chatter with special emphasis on turning systems. There are different techniques and approaches to reduce and to avoid chatter effects. The objective of the paper is to summarize the current state of research in this hot topic, particularly (1) the mechanistic, analytical, and numerical methods for stability prediction in turning; (2) the available techniques for chatter detection and control; (3) the main active and passive techniques.
A Review of Neurotransmitters Sensing Methods for Neuro-Engineering Research
Authors: Niyonambaza Shimwe Dominique , Kumar Praveen , Xing Paul , Mathault Jessy , De Koninck Paul , Boisselier Elodie , Boukadoum Mounir , Miled Amine
Published: November 2019

Neurotransmitters as electrochemical signaling molecules are essential for proper brain function and their dysfunction is involved in several mental disorders. Therefore, the accurate detection and monitoring of these substances are crucial in brain studies. Neurotransmitters are present in the nervous system at very low concentrations, and they mixed with many other biochemical molecules and minerals, thus making their selective detection and measurement difficult. Although numerous techniques to do so have been proposed in the literature, neurotransmitter monitoring in the brain is still a challenge and the subject of ongoing research. This article reviews the current advances and trends in neurotransmitters detection techniques, including in vivo sampling and imaging techniques, electrochemical and nano-object sensing techniques for in vitro and in vivo detection, as well as spectrometric, analytical and derivatization-based methods mainly used for in vitro research. The document analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each method, with the aim to offer selection guidelines for neuro-engineering research.