bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Associated with Effects of Molecular Hydrogen in Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems
Authors: Barancik Miroslav , Kura Branislav , LeBaron Tyler W. , Bolli Roberto , Buday Jozef , Slezak Jan
Published: December 2020

The increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are important factors contributing to the development of diseases of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Molecular hydrogen is recognized as an emerging therapeutic, and its positive effects in the treatment of pathologies have been documented in both experimental and clinical studies. The therapeutic potential of hydrogen is attributed to several major molecular mechanisms. This review focuses on the effects of hydrogen on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, and summarizes current knowledge about its actions, including the regulation of redox and intracellular signaling, alterations in gene expressions, and modulation of cellular responses (e.g., autophagy, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling). We summarize the functions of hydrogen as a regulator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated redox signaling and the association of hydrogen with mitochondria as an important target of its therapeutic action. The antioxidant functions of hydrogen are closely associated with protein kinase signaling pathways, and we discuss possible roles of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, which are mediated through glycogen synthase kinase 3β and its involvement in the regulation of cellular apoptosis. Additionally, current knowledge about the role of molecular hydrogen in the modulation of autophagy and matrix metalloproteinases-mediated tissue remodeling, which are other responses to cellular stress, is summarized in this review.
Nutrients Recovery during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung, Pig Manure, and Biochar for Agricultural Sustainability with Gases Emissions
Authors: Raza Syed Turab , Zhu Bo , Tang Jia Liang , Ali Zulfiqar , Anjum Raheel , Bah Hamidou , Iqbal Hassan , Ren Xiao , Ahmad Rida
Published: December 2020

An experimental vermicomposting system was established in purple soil present in Sichuan Basin, China. The purpose of vermicomposting (VC) was to recycle and manage organic waste materials; for instance, animal manure and crop residues are present in great quantity. A particular use of earthworms for VC is a valuable method for retrieving essential plant nutrients. Experimental vermicomposting followed by monitoring was conducted for two months in summer with an interval of fifteen days. Four treatments, COM (compost without earthworms), VCM (using cow manure), VPM (through pig manure), and VBC (using biochar), were applied with agricultural wastes such as rapeseed and wheat straw in combination with cow dung, pig manure, and biochar, respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically analyze and interpret the nutrient change among different treatments. Post hoc analysis was done using Tukey’s test. The experimental vermicomposting results revealed that VCM gives increased plant nutrients with a minimum C: N ratio (from 22.13 to 14.38) and a maximum increase in nitrogen concentrations (1.77 to 29.15 g kg−1). A significant decrease in ammonia volatilization was observed in the order VCM > VBC > VPM when compared to COM. It was experimentally established that vermicomposting is the most suitable method for converting organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer with the least environmental pollution load.
Compact Model of Latent Heat Thermal Storage for Its Integration in Multi-Energy Systems
Authors: Colangelo Alessandro , Guelpa Elisa , Lanzini Andrea , Mancò Giulia , Verda Vittorio
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, flexibility through energy storage constitutes a key feature for the optimal management of energy systems. Concerning thermal energy, Latent Heat Thermal Storage (LHTS) units are characterized by a significantly higher energy density with respect to sensible storage systems. For this reason, they represent an interesting solution where limited space is available. Nevertheless, their market development is limited by engineering issues and, most importantly, by scarce knowledge about LHTS integration in existing energy systems. This study presents a new modeling approach to quickly characterize the dynamic behavior of an LHTS unit. The thermal power released or absorbed by a LHTS module is expressed only as a function of the current and the initial state of charge. The proposed model allows simulating even partial charge and discharge processes. Results are fairly accurate when compared to a 2D finite volume model, although the computational effort is considerably lower. Summarizing, the proposed model could be used to investigate optimal LHTS control strategies at the system level. In this paper, two relevant case studies are presented: (a) the reduction of the morning thermal power peak in District Heating systems; and (b) the optimal energy supply schedule in multi-energy systems.
Development of a Computationally Efficient Tabulated Chemistry Solver for Internal Combustion Engine Optimization Using Stochastic Reactor Models
Authors: Matrisciano Andrea , Franken Tim , Gonzales Mestre Laura Catalina , Borg Anders , Mauss Fabian
Published: December 2020

The use of chemical kinetic mechanisms in computer aided engineering tools for internal combustion engine simulations is of high importance for studying and predicting pollutant formation of conventional and alternative fuels. However, usage of complex reaction schemes is accompanied by high computational cost in 0-D, 1-D and 3-D computational fluid dynamics frameworks. The present work aims to address this challenge and allow broader deployment of detailed chemistry-based simulations, such as in multi-objective engine optimization campaigns. A fast-running tabulated chemistry solver coupled to a 0-D probability density function-based approach for the modelling of compression and spark ignition engine combustion is proposed. A stochastic reactor engine model has been extended with a progress variable-based framework, allowing the use of pre-calculated auto-ignition tables instead of solving the chemical reactions on-the-fly. As a first validation step, the tabulated chemistry-based solver is assessed against the online chemistry solver under constant pressure reactor conditions. Secondly, performance and accuracy targets of the progress variable-based solver are verified using stochastic reactor models under compression and spark ignition engine conditions. Detailed multicomponent mechanisms comprising up to 475 species are employed in both the tabulated and online chemistry simulation campaigns. The proposed progress variable-based solver proved to be in good agreement with the detailed online chemistry one in terms of combustion performance as well as engine-out emission predictions (CO, CO2, NO and unburned hydrocarbons). Concerning computational performances, the newly proposed solver delivers remarkable speed-ups (up to four orders of magnitude) when compared to the online chemistry simulations. In turn, the new solver allows the stochastic reactor model to be computationally competitive with much lower order modeling approaches (i.e., Vibe-based models). It also makes the stochastic reactor model a feasible computer aided engineering framework of choice for multi-objective engine optimization campaigns.
Seismic Upgrading of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings Using Friction Pendulum Devices: A Probabilistic Evaluation
Authors: Gino Diego , Anerdi Costanza , Castaldo Paolo , Ferrara Mario , Bertagnoli Gabriele , Giordano Luca
Published: December 2020

In many countries around the world a huge number of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures have been realized without account for seismic detailing, even if they are located in areas subjected to high seismicity. In this context, several passive seismic protection techniques have been developed and applied to retrofit these structures such as, for an example, seismic isolation. The aim of this work is to characterize in probabilistic terms the seismic performance of a framed RC building retrofitted by means of sliding friction pendulum (FPS) devices. Specifically, the response of an existing RC building located in a high seismicity area in Italy is investigated. After the description of the main available information about the structure, a non-linear numerical model has been defined by means of fiber-elements approach. Then, non-linear dynamic analyses considering multiple recorded ground motions with the three accelerometric components have been carried out to assess the seismic response of the building with and without the retrofitting intervention composed of FPS isolators. Finally, the results are processed to achieve a probabilistic assessment of the seismic performance of the retrofitting intervention.
Different Stages of Alveolar Bone Repair Process Are Compromised in the Type 2 Diabetes Condition: An Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Pitol-Palin Letícia , de Souza Batista Fábio Roberto , Gomes-Ferreira Pedro Henrique Silva , Mulinari-Santos Gabriel , Ervolino Edilson , Souza Francisley Ávila , Matsushita Dóris Hissako , Okamoto Roberta
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the stages of the alveolar bone repair in type 2 diabetic rats evaluating the mechanism of mineralization and bone remodeling processes after dental extraction. Forty-eight rats were divided into normoglycemic (NG) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) groups. The upper right incisor was extracted and after 3, 7, 14 and 42 days the animals were euthanized. The following analyses were performed: immunolabeling against antibodies TNFα, TGFβ, IL6, WNT, OCN and TRAP, collagen fibers maturation, microtomography and confocal microscopy. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. The immunolabeling analysis showed that the T2D presented a more pronounced alveolar inflammation than NG. Labeling of proteins responsible for bone formation and mineralization was higher in NG than T2D, which presented greater resorptive activity characterized by TRAP labeling. Also, T2D group showed a decrease in the amount of collagen fibers. Micro-CT analysis showed that T2D causes a decrease in bone volume percentage due to deficient trabecular parameters and higher porosity. The T2D bone dynamics show a loss in bone remodeling process. T2D prolongs the local inflammatory process, which impairs the organization and maturation of collagen fibers, delaying bone formation that generates impact on mineralization and bone turnover.
Furan-Conjugated Tripeptides as Potent Antitumor Drugs
Authors: Ali Hunain , Jabeen Almas , Maharjan Rukesh , Nadeem-ul-Haque Muhammad , Aamra Husena , Nazir Salma , Khan Serab , Olleik Hamza , Maresca Marc , Shaheen Farzana
Published: December 2020

Cervical cancer is among the leading causes of death in women. Chemotherapy options available for cervical cancer include highly cytotoxic drugs such as taxol, cisplatin, 5-florouracil, and doxorubicin, which are not specific. In the current study, we have identified a new peptide conjugate (Fur4-2-Nal3-Ala2-Phe1-CONH2) (conjugate 4), from screening of a small library of tripeptide-conjugates of furan, as highly potent anticancer compound against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells) (IC50 = 0.15 ± 0.05 µg/mL or 0.28 +/− 0.09 µM). Peptides were constructed on Rink amide resin from C- to N-terminus followed by capping by α-furoic acid moiety. The synthesized peptides were purified by recycling RP-HPLC, and structures of all the peptides were confirmed by using FABMS/ESIMS, 1H- NMR, 13C-NMR, and HR-FABMS. Conjugate 4 was furthermore found to be specifically active against human cervical cancer cells since it did not inhibit the proliferation of other human normal cells (HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and IMR-90 (normal human fibroblasts)), and cancer cells tested (HUVEC, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cells), as well as in mice 3T3 cells (normal fibroblasts). This study revealed a good structure activity relationship of various peptide conjugates. Conjugate 4 in branched forms (4a and 4b) were also synthesized and evaluated against HeLa cells, and results revealed that both were inactive. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies and staining with rhodamine 123 and propidium iodide (PI) revealed that conjugate 4 possesses a membranolytic effect and causes the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.
The Effect of Board Links, Audit Partner Tenure, and Related Party Transactions on Misstatements: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Mahenthiran Sakthi , Palavecinos Berta Silva , De La Fuente-Mella Hanns
Published: December 2020

Companies restate when material misstatements are identified in previously issued financial statements. Misstatement research in Latin America is sparse, even though they are an important context to study this phenomenon. Chile’s corporate governance regulations are considered exemplars for Latin American countries but its auditing profession is not well developed. Thus, Chile provides an interesting context to study the complementary roles of audit and board governance affecting misstatements. Using a sample of 104 Chilean listed firms over seven years, our study finds that the board links and audit partner tenure negatively affect misstatements. Specifically, given the prevalence of related party transactions (RPTs) in conglomerates, the finding suggests that cross directors monitor high-value RPTs, but that this is not a substitute for auditor expertise. The findings raise questions about the advisability of mandating audit partner rotation to strengthen auditor independence because the results indicate that a short audit partner tenure leads to the auditor not developing client-specific knowledge. The study makes contributions to the corporate governance literature by highlighting that board monitoring is not a good substitute for auditor monitoring of financial reporting integrity, and suggesting the need for having licensing requirements to become an auditor.
Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia—A Single-Center Romanian Experience
Authors: Alecsa Mirabela-Smaranda , Moscalu Mihaela , Trandafir Laura-Mihaela , Ivanov Anca-Viorica , Rusu Cristina , Miron Ingrith-Crenguta
Published: December 2020

Background: This study evaluates the main (para)clinical aspects and outcomes in a group of Romanian children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), under the conditions of antileukemic treatment according to an adapted ALL IC Berlin–Frankfurt–Munster (BFM) 2002 protocol. Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center study of 125 children diagnosed with ALL between 2010 and 2016. Standard forms were used for data collection of variate clinical and paraclinical parameters. Results: The children were predominantly male (64.8%) and their median age at diagnosis was 5 years. A total of 107 patients were diagnosed with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP)-ALL and 18 with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia T-ALL. Multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR assay for ETV6-RUNX1, BCR-ABL, E2A-PBX1, KMT2A-AFF1, and STIL-TAL1 fusion genes was performed in 111 patients. ETV6-RUNX1 translocation was detected in 18.9% of patients, while BCR-ABL1 and E2A-PBX1 rearrangements were seen in 2.7% and 3.6%, respectively. Complete remission at the end of induction phase was obtained in 89.6% of patients. The overall relapse rate was 11.2%, with 11 early and 3 late relapses. The 5-year overall survival rate in BCP-ALL was 81.6% and in T-ALL 71.4%. Conclusions: The 5-year overall and event-free survival rates in our study were slightly lower than those reported in developed countries, so the patients’ outcomes are encouraging.
Do Small Incisions Need Only Minimal Anesthesia?—Anesthetic Management in Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery
Authors: Hottenrott Sebastian , Schlesinger Tobias , Helmer Philipp , Meybohm Patrick , Alkatout Ibrahim , Kranke Peter
Published: December 2020

Laparoscopic techniques have established themselves as a major part of modern surgery. Their implementation in every surgical discipline has played a vital part in the reduction of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Precise robotic surgery, as an evolution of this, is shaping the present and future operating theatre that an anesthetist is facing. While incisions get smaller and the impact on the organism seems to dwindle, challenges for anesthetists do not lessen and could even become more demanding than in open procedures. This review focuses on the pathophysiological effects of contemporary laparoscopic and robotic procedures and summarizes anesthetic challenges and strategies for perioperative management.
Laboratory Culture-Based Characterization of the Resting Stage Cells of the Brown-Tide-Causing Pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens
Authors: Ma Zhaopeng , Hu Zhangxi , Deng Yunyan , Shang Lixia , Gobler Christophere J. , Tang Ying Zhong
Published: December 2020

Life history (life cycle) plays a vital role in the ecology of some microalgae; however, the well-known brown-tide-causing pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens has been barely investigated in this regard. Recently, based mainly on detections in marine sediments from China, we proved that this organism has a resting stage. We, therefore, conducted a follow-up study to characterize the resting stage cells (RSCs) of A. anophagefferens using the culture CCMP1984. The RSCs were spherical, larger than the vegetative cells, and smooth in cell surface and contained more aggregated plastid but more vacuolar space than vegetative cells. RSCs contained a conspicuous lipid-enriched red droplet. We found a 9.9-fold decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content from vegetative cells to RSCs, indicative of a "resting" or dormant physiological state. The RSCs stored for 3 months (at 4 °C in darkness) readily reverted back to vegetative growth within 20 days after being transferred to the conditions for routine culture maintenance. Our results indicate that the RSCs of A. anophagefferens are a dormant state that differs from vegetative cells morphologically and physiologically, and that RSCs likely enable the species to survive unfavorable conditions, seed annual blooms, and facilitate its cosmopolitan distribution that we recently documented.
Understanding the Implementation of Airbnb in Urban Contexts: Towards a Categorization of European Cities
Authors: Serrano Laura , Sianes Antonio , Ariza-Montes Antonio
Published: December 2020

The sharing economy has experienced exponential growth in recent years, especially in the short-term rentals (STRs) tourist accommodation sector. This growth has caused disruptive effects in rural and urban contexts, especially in highly touristic cities. These effects can be both positive and negative, revitalizing certain areas and bringing about tension in the socioeconomic fabric. Today, Airbnb is considered the paradigm of this sharing economy model and the STR industry leader. However, as this study suggests, on many occasions the implementation of Airbnb exhibits more of a traditional economic business model than a collaborative economic business model. Through hierarchical cluster analysis, this study identifies different groups of European cities according to the degree of professionalization of Airbnb implementation in their territory. The goal is to find similar patterns in the Airbnbisation process in major European cities, as the social, economic, and spatial impacts of various typologies are very different and even contrary. By understanding and identifying such different models implemented in each territory, better policies can be informed, and more adapted strategies can be pursued by local governments and the tourism industry.
Molecular Characterization of Novel Cryptosporidium Fish Genotypes in Edible Marine Fish
Authors: Certad Gabriela , Zahedi Alireza , Gantois Nausicaa , Sawant Manasi , Creusy Colette , Duval Erika , Benamrouz-Vanneste Sadia , Ryan Una , Viscogliosi Eric
Published: December 2020

Current knowledge of Cryptosporidium species/genotypes in marine fish is limited. Following phylogenetic analysis at the 18S rDNA locus, a recent study identified six new genotypes of Cryptosporidium colonizing edible fish found in European seas. Of these, five grouped in a clade together (#Cryptofish 1–5) and one grouped separately (#Cryptofish 7). In the present study, after phylogenetic analyses of #Cryptofish1, #Cryptofish2, #Cryptofish4, #Cryptofish5 and #Cryptofish7 at the actin locus, the presence of two major clades was confirmed. In addition, when possible, longer 18S amplicons were generated. In conclusion, the small genetic distances between these genotypes designated as a novel marine genotype I (#Cryptofish 1-5) suggest that they may be genetic variants of the same species, while the designated novel marine genotype 2 (#Cryptofish 7) is clearly representative of a separate species.
Deciphering the Iron Provenance on a Medieval Building Yard: The Case of Bourges Cathedral
Authors: L’Héritier Maxime , Dillmann Philippe , Sarah Guillaume
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the provenance study of the iron reinforcements of Bourges Cathedral (13th c.): the links of a 100 m long iron chain, surrounding the eastern parts of the cathedral at the triforium level and 4.5 to 5 m long tie-rods consolidating the arches of the inner aisle at the same level. The analytical methodology is based on the determination of trace rare earth elements analyses by LA-ICP-MS in the slag inclusions of the artefacts and in the slag found on candidate production sites combined with statistical approaches. This chemical approach is crossed with archaeological and historical studies on the monument itself and on the production sites. Ninety-nine iron samples were analyzed on the bars and chains and 238 iron slags from 3 presumed areas of supply. For the first time, iron circulation and trade around a single building yard over a time of 30 to 40 years is studied with a precision never obtained before with historical sources. It shows that mainly four different metallurgical districts, local and more distant, supplied the building yard, mostly depending on the construction phases and also on the types of iron armatures needed.
Changes in Intestinal Permeability Ex Vivo and Immune Cell Activation by Three Commonly Used Emulsifiers
Authors: Oscarsson Elin , Lindberg Tim , Zeller Kathrin S. , Lindstedt Malin , Agardh Daniel , Håkansson Åsa , Östbring Karolina
Published: December 2020

Food additives such as emulsifiers are used in increasing quantities in the food industry. The aim of this study was to compare three different emulsifiers (polysorbate 80 (P80), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and β-lactoglobulin (β-lac) with regards to their effect on the stimulation of immune cells and intestinal permeability. The immune stimulatory effects were studied in the myeloid cell line MUTZ-3-cells, while the change in intestinal permeability was studied in the Caco-2 cell line and ex vivo in the Ussing chamber system using small intestinal fragments from rats. The tested concentrations of the emulsifiers ranged from 0.02% up to 1%, which are concentrations commonly used in the food industry. The results showed that P80 affected both the myeloid cells and the intestinal permeability more than CMC (p < 0.05) and β-lac (p < 0.05) at the highest concentration. CMC was found to neither affect the permeability in the intestine nor the MUTZ-3 cells, while β-lac changed the permeability in the total part of the small intestine in rats. These findings indicate that P80 might be more cytotoxic compared to the other two emulsifiers.
Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Properties of New VEGFR-2-targeting 2-thioxobenzo[g]quinazoline Derivatives (In Vitro)
Authors: Abuelizz Hatem A. , Marzouk Mohamed , Bakheit Ahmed H. , Awad Hanem M. , Soltan Maha M. , Naglah Ahmed M. , Al-Salahi Rashad
Published: December 2020

A series of 3-ethyl(methyl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[g]quinazolines (1–17) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated in vitro for their antiangiogenesis VEGFR-2-targeting, antiproliferative, and antiapoptotic activities against breast MCF-7 and liver HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine cancer-cell cycle distributions, and apoptosis was detected using annexin-V-FITC (V) and propidium iodide (PI) dyes. Fluorescence microscopy, in combination with Hoechst staining was used to detect DNA fragmentation. Most of the tested benzo[g]quinazolines demonstrated promising activity (IC50 = 8.8 ± 0.5–10.9 ± 0.9 μM) and (IC50 = 26.0 ± 2.5–40.4 ± 4.1 μM) against MCF-7 and HepG2, respectively. Doxorubicin was used as a reference drug. Compounds 13–15 showed the highest activity against both cancer cell lines. Differential effects were detected by cell-cycle analysis, indicating similarities in the actions of 13 and 14 against both MCF7 and HepG2, involving the targeting of G1 and S phases, respectively. Compound 15 showed similar indices against both cells, indicating that its cytotoxicity toward the examined cancer cells could be unselective. Interestingly, 14 and 15 showed the highest apoptosis (30.76% and 25.30%, respectively) against MCF-7. The DNA fragmentation results agreed well with the apoptosis detected by flow cytometry. In terms of antiangiogenesis activity, as derived from VEGFR-2 inhibition, 13 and 15 were comparable to sorafenib and effected 1.5- and 1.4-fold inhibition relative to the standard sorafenib. A docking study was conducted to investigate the interaction between the synthesized benzo[g]quinazolines and the ATP-binding site within the catalytic domain of VEGFR-2.
Microbiological and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds in Olive Leaf Extract
Authors: Borjan Dragana , Leitgeb Maja , Knez Željko , Hrnčič Maša Knez
Published: December 2020

According to many reports, phenolic compounds isolated from olive leaves have very good biological activities, especially antimicrobial. Presently, the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is greater than ever. Therefore, there are numerous recent papers about alternative solutions for inhibiting their influence on human health. Olive leaf is studied as an important source of antimicrobials with low cost and used in medicine. Numerous publications on involving green technologies for isolation of active compounds from olive leaves have appeared over the past few decades. The present review reports on current knowledge of the most isolated phenolic compounds from olive leaf extract as well as methods for their isolation and characterization. This paper uses recent research findings with a wide range of study models to describe the antimicrobial potential of phenolic compounds. It also describes the vast range of information about methods for determination of antimicrobial potential focusing on effects on different microbes. Additionally, it serves to highlight the role of olive leaf extract as an antioxidants and presents methods for determination of antioxidant potential. Furthermore, it provides an overview of presence of enzymes. The significance of olive leaves as industrial and agricultural waste is emphasized by means of explaining their availability, therapeutic and nutritional effects, and research conducted on this field.
Flammability Tests and Investigations of Properties of Lignin-Containing Polymer Composites Based on Acrylates
Authors: Podkościelna Beata , Wnuczek Krystyna , Goliszek Marta , Klepka Tomasz , Dziuba Kamil
Published: December 2020

In this paper flammability tests and detailed investigations of lignin-containing polymer composites’ properties are presented. Composites were obtained using bisphenol A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate (BPA.GDA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and kraft lignin (lignin alkali, L) during UV curing. In order to evaluate the influence of lignin modification and the addition of flame retardant compounds on the thermal resistance of the obtained biocomposites, flammability tests have been conducted. After the modification with phosphoric acid (V) lignin, as well as diethyl vinylphosphonate, were used as flame retardant additives. The changes in the chemical structures (ATR-FTIR), as well as the influence of the different additives on the hardness, thermal (TG) and mechanical properties were discussed in detail. The samples after the flammability test were also studied to assess their thermal destruction.
An Overview on Truffle Aroma and Main Volatile Compounds
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed M. , Angeloni Simone , Nzekoue Franks Kamgang , Abouelenein Doaa , Sagratini Gianni , Caprioli Giovanni , Torregiani Elisabetta
Published: December 2020

Truffles are underground edible fungi that grow symbiotically with plant roots. They have been globally considered as one of the most expensive foods because of their rarity, unique aroma, and high nutritional value as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-mutagenic, antituberculoid immunomodulatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and aphrodisiac. The unique flavor and fragrance of truffles is one of the main reasons to get worldwide attraction as a food product. So, the aim of this review was to summarize the relevant literature with particular attention to the active aroma components as well as the various sample preparation and analytical techniques used to identify them. The major analytical methods used for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in truffles are gas chromatography (GC), proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), and electronic nose sensing (EN). In addition, factors influencing truffle aroma are also highlighted. For this reason, this review can be considered a good reference for research concerning aroma profiles of different species of truffles to deepen the knowledge about a complex odor of various truffles.
Biological and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Jumbo Bacteriophage, vB_VhaM_pir03 with Broad Host Lytic Activity against Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Misol Gerald N. , Kokkari Constantina , Katharios Pantelis
Published: December 2020

Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative marine bacterium that causes major disease outbreaks and economic losses in aquaculture. Phage therapy has been considered as a potential alternative to antibiotics however, candidate bacteriophages require comprehensive characterization for a safe and practical phage therapy. In this work, a lytic novel jumbo bacteriophage, vB_VhaM_pir03 belonging to the Myoviridae family was isolated and characterized against V. harveyi type strain DSM19623. It had broad host lytic activity against 31 antibiotic-resistant strains of V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. campbellii and V. owensii. Adsorption time of vB_VhaM_pir03 was determined at 6 min while the latent-phase was at 40 min and burst-size at 75 pfu/mL. vB_VhaM_pir03 was able to lyse several host strains at multiplicity-of-infections (MOI) 0.1 to 10. The genome of vB_VhaM_pir03 consists of 286,284 base pairs with 334 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). No virulence, antibiotic resistance, integrase encoding genes and transducing potential were detected. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analysis showed that vB_VhaM_pir03 is a novel bacteriophage displaying the highest similarity to another jumbo phage, vB_BONAISHI infecting Vibrio coralliilyticus. Experimental phage therapy trial using brine shrimp, Artemia salina infected with V. harveyi demonstrated that vB_VhaM_pir03 was able to significantly reduce mortality 24 h post infection when administered at MOI 0.1 which suggests that it can be an excellent candidate for phage therapy.
Implementation of Smart Infusion Pumps: A Scoping Review and Case Study Discussion of the Evidence of the Role of the Pharmacist
Authors: Shah Neha , Jani Yogini
Published: December 2020

“Smart” infusion pumps include built in drug error reduction software which uses a drug library. Studies have reported the drug library build should be undertaken by a multidisciplinary team, including a pharmacist; however, the extent or nature of the input required by the pharmacist for greatest benefit is unknown. This review aimed to identify key factors for the implementation of the smart infusion pumps, with a focus on the role of pharmacists and compare this to the experience from a case study. A literature review was conducted using Embase and Ovid Medline, and 13 eligible papers were found. Predominant themes relating to the pharmacist’s role and successful implementation of the smart infusion pumps were determined. Key factors for success included team involvement across the entire process from procurement, set-up through to implementation including risk assessment and device distribution, and training, which were comparable to the case study experience. Few studies described the extent or details of the pharmacist’s responsibilities.
Sequential Application of Antioxidants Rectifies Ion Imbalance and Strengthens Antioxidant Systems in Salt-Stressed Cucumber
Authors: Seleiman Mahmoud F. , Semida Wael M. , Rady Mostafa M. , Mohamed Gamal F. , Hemida Khaulood A. , Alhammad Bushra Ahmed , Hassan Mohamed M. , Shami Ashwag
Published: December 2020

Exogenous antioxidant applications enable salt-stressed plants to successfully cope with different environmental stresses. The objectives of this investigation were to study the effects of sequential treatments of proline (Pro), ascorbic acid (AsA), and/or glutathione (GSH) on 100 mM NaCl-stressed cucumber transplant’s physio-biochemical and growth traits as well as systems of antioxidant defense. Under salinity stress, different treatment of AsA, Pro, or/and GSH improved growth characteristics, stomatal conductance (gs), enhanced the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) as well as increased contents of AsA, Pro, and GSH. However, sequential application of antioxidants (GSH-Pro- AsA) significantly exceeded all individual applications, reducing leaf and root Cd2+ and Na+ contents in comparison to the control. In plants grown under NaCl-salt stress, growth characteristics, photosynthetic efficiency, membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content (RWC), contents of root and leaf K+ and Ca2+, and ratios of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ were notably reduced, while leaf contents of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, as well as root and leaf Cd2+ and Na+ concentrations were remarkably increased. However, AsA, Pro, or/and GSH treatments significantly improved all investigated growth characteristics, photosynthetic efficiency, RWC and MSI, as well as AsA, Pro, and GSH, and enzymatic activity, leaf and root K+ and Ca2+ contents and their ratios to Na+, while significantly reduced leaf and root Cd2+ and Na+ contents.
The Drive towards Consensual Perspectives for Enhancing Sustainable Mining
Authors: Moomen Abdul-Wadood , Lacroix Pierre , Bertolotto Michela , Jensen David
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates key innovative paradigms that seek enhanced consensus building on the sustainable mining agenda of the mineral resource development industry and realities on the ground. It reviews the 55 most relevant academic articles from 2000 to 2019, retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed and International Conference on Sustainable Development Indicators in the Metals Industry databases. A systematic scoping review method was used to sieve the multitudes of entries obtained from the databases to generate appropriate publications that match the search terms used. Our survey finds a dearth of literature on the subject. Only one article directly confers the need for consensus building on sustainable mining. The existing literature does not suggest the modalities that would enhance indigenous groups’ understanding and appreciation of sustainable mining. This creates a gap between stakeholders with regard to what flags sustainable mining. This study also finds a lack of efforts to incorporate sustainable mining concepts into academic courses focusing on either mining or sustainable development. Thus, this paper suggests that the existing delusions on sustainable mining can be addressed if the science of assessing and communicating the principles of sustainable development in mining is suitably developed and applied in higher educational curricula, environmental literacy feats, community-initiated research and outreach activities. Incorporating indigenous knowledge can address the existing gaps between stakeholder groups and in science.
Ketersediaan dan Pola Pemberian Air pada Daerah Irigasi Endikat Bengkok
Authors: Andayani Reni , Marlina Ayu
Published: December 2020

Endikat Bengkok irrigation area located in Muara Enim with area of 1,140 ha. The Endikat Bengkok Irrigation channel used to irrigate rice fields in four villages, namely Segamit, Siring Agung, Arimantai and Fajar Bulan, districts of Semendo Barat Ulu. The source of irrigation water are available in the Endikat Bengkok River, which is a subsidiary of the Lematang River. The purpose of this study was to analyze the water availibility in the Endikat Bengkok River for the adequacy of the Endikat Bengkok Irrigation Area, and the appropriate water provision group. Primary data was collected in the form of the planting group, secondary data in the form of rainfall data and climatological data. The calculation of evapotranspiration used the Penman method and the calculation of water availability used the F.J. Mock. From the calculation of water availability showed that the maximum value occurred in April amounted to 48.15 m3 / s and the minimum value occurred in October amounted to 2.23 m3 / s. The availability of water for irrigation (80% dependable flow) is not sufficient to irrigate the entire Endikat Bengkok Irrigation Area. The most suitable water supply group by rotating based on the provisions of the irrigation planning criteria.
El control de las cláusulas abusivas en el Código de Protección y defensa del consumidor
Authors: Barturén Llanos Tony Daniel
Published: December 2020

Los contratos de consumo que vinculan a consumidores y proveedores en torno a la adquisición de bienes y/o servicios a cambio de un retribución económica, limitan la libertad contractual de los consumidores pues su contenido es pre redactado unilateralmente por el proveedor, sin embargo son necesarios en las sociedades modernas pues reducen los costos de transacción, esto es, tiempo, dinero y esfuerzo, que genera la contratación, pero exponen a los consumidores a las denominadas cláusulas abusivas, esto es, aquellas estipulaciones que en contra del principio de la buena fe objetiva colocan al consumidor en una situación de desventaja limitando sus derechos, de allí que el Estado deba establecer mecanismos de control a fin de evitar la existencia de dichas clausulas en la contratación en masa, a lo cual no es ajeno el Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor.
The Loss of Cultural and Language Identity by Black South Africans Due To Industrialisation/Urbanisation.
Authors: Molete Mantoa C , Phindane Pule
Published: December 2020

Over the past century, there has been a dramatic increase in establishing a powerful link between language and sociocultural identity, as language also gives individuals and groups their identity. Certain concepts, which has been developed in a specific language, tell us about the culture in which a language is used. Language can be perceived to be more social in nature as it has a deep-rooted connection with its users and creators, thus making it difficult to separate the two. In view of the preceding contention, the study is aimed at, identifying the implications of industrialisation on urban black families and their language usage in South Africa. Specifically perusing, the extend industrialisation has disadvantaged/ diluted black languages, cultures and identities. And discover ways to re-energise black languages, cultures and identities in South Africa. The investigation was conducted within the framework of ethnography underpinned by qualitative research method used to collect data. Interviews and fieldwork (observations) as well as supporting documents from literature material were also used to collect and analyse data. The population comprised of three (3) members from the eight (Sesotho, IsiXhosa, IsiZulu, IsiNdebele, Setswana, Sepedi, Xitsonga, Tshivenda) black cultural groups in South Africa, native speakers in the Gauteng province and Free State province of South Africa. Findings revealed that language and culture has lost its value in black urban families, as there is no space for it in their current urban setting. Suggesting that a new lifestyle has been created that has limited usage of their own cultural values, norms and believe systems and that the youth is not interested in their cultural language.

Keywords: language, culture, identity, industrialisation, families.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIAN FOLKLORE ANIMATION ON MOTIVATION AMONG YEAR FIVE PUPILS IN KULIM DISTRICT
Authors: Suparmaniam Chitra , Mohamad Yatim Maizatul Hayati
Published: December 2020

The article discusses a study to measure the effectiveness of Indian Folklore Animation among Year Five SJK(T) pupils in the Kulim district. The study uses qualitative data for exploring twelve principles of animation and quantitative data for the research methodology approach. For qualitative data, ten animators were selected to analyse the twelve principles of animation in three series of selected Indian Folklore Animation using an animation principles checklist. For quantitative data, a pre-test post-test experimental design was used to measure the effectiveness of Indian Folklore Animation using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of four scales of Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivation. A total of 108 pupils from three schools was selected as respondents and were assigned into two groups (treatment and control group) consisted of 54 pupils each. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inference statistics to answer the listed research objectives. Findings show that there are significant differences in mean scores for pre-test and post-test to show that the Indian Folklore gave motivational effects to the pupils. This implies that Indian Folklore Animation could be developed for Indian Folklore appreciations and for fostering good moral values through animation.
THE IMPACT OF CONSUMPTION VALUES ON HOUSEHOLD’S BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS GREEN GROCERY PRODUCTS
Authors: Goh Mei Ling , Tan Seng Huat , Yeo Sook Fern , Tan Pui Yen
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the impact of consumption values on household’s buying behaviour towards green grocery products. Concern for healthy lifestyles among households has created a high demand for environmental-friendly or natural products. This has shown that the green products market has the perspective to grow. In order to have an effective marketing strategy, there is a need for marketers to understand the buying behaviour of households towards green grocery products. The theory of consumption values was used to explain the household’s buying behaviour towards green grocery products. Five variables from the theory, namely functional value, emotional value, social value, epistemic value, and conditional value were included in the research model to explain household buying behaviour towards green grocery products. A total of 200 households were recruited using a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected with a set of self-administered questionnaires. The variables were validated and tested using Structural Equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings have shown that both conditional value and functional value positively influence household’s buying behaviour towards greengrocery products with the exception of emotional value, social value, and epistemic value. This study has thus indicated that elements such as quality, price, and promotion of the green grocery products are important in the marketing strategies planning in attracting more consumers. This study has also provided an insight into the household’s buying behaviour towards green grocery products in Malaysian context.
A Work-Fun Model of Shopping Behaviour: Explaining When Consumers Buy on Impulse
Authors: Massara Francesco
Published: December 2020

A study was conducted that implemented a computer-based research vehicle to capture microscopic aspects of shopping and to permit a moment-by-moment analysis of consumer-environment interactions. Participants shopped in a virtual grocery store with a fixed budget. Analysis of shopping behaviour revealed a significant relationship between the time spent in the store, the shopping path taken, and the number of unplanned purchases made. Temporal analysis indicated that unplanned purchases were very unlikely during the first 25% of the time spent in the store, but became very likely during the last 25% of in-store time. This relationship is characterized as a “work-fun model of shopping behaviour”. Decision time was shown to increase steadily throughout the shopping trip; affective product features had a greater impact on difficult choices during the latter part of the shopping trip. The results fit with expectations derived from self-control theories and suggest an extension of the traditional exposure theory of in-store decision making.
Global and Local CSR Strategies in Foreign-Owned Subsidiaries: The Role of Networks and Competencies
Authors: Dahms Sven
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of networks and competency dimensions in determining the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy of foreign-owned subsidiaries. Survey data has been collected from subsidiary managing directors and analysed using structured equation modelling and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis techniques. We show that networks and competencies can have competing as well as complementary effects on the global and local CSR strategies. For instance, inter-organisational network strength and competencies in high primary value chain activities seem to drive global as well as local CSR activities. However, the case is more complex for intra-organisational network relationships and subsidiaries with competencies in supporting value chain activities. The originality of this paper lies in the detailed investigation of how network relationships and competencies affect global and local CSR strategy development. We also provide novelty in applying a combination of symmetric (SEM-PLS) and non-symmetric (fsQCA) analytical techniques.
DIFUSÃO ESPACIAL E INTERIORIZAÇÃO DA COVID-19 NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Faria Rivaldo , Rizzatti Maurício , Bouvier Erthal Douglas , Cezar Spode Pedro Leonardo , Lampert Batista Natália , Trentin Romario , Turba Costa Iago , Volpato Sccoti Anderson Augusto , Petsch Carina , Quoos João Henrique
Published: December 2020

A COVID-19 já é o maior desafio de saúde pública deste século e se estende rapidamente no Brasil, das capitais ao interior, com variações que acompanham suas próprias desigualdades territoriais. A rápida dispersão do vírus levou o país a assumir o segundo lugar em número de casos no mundo, mas é ainda incerta as consequências desse processo nos municípios de pequeno porte e de elevada privação social. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a difusão e interiorização espacial da COVID-19 no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e avaliar essa dispersão em relação a uma tipologia de municípios classificados por tamanho populacional e níveis de privação social. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico realizado com todos os casos registrados de COVID-19 entre as 11ª e 21ª semanas epidemiológicas (SE). Os dados foram coletados em fontes secundárias oficiais e modelados em sistema de informação geográfica. As análises foram realizadas com técnicas exploratórias de dados espaciais, estatística descritiva e uso do estimador de densidade de Kernel. Os resultados mostraram concentração espacial de casos e óbitos de COVID-19 nos eixos mais desenvolvidos do estado, mas nas últimas SE o crescimento foi maior nos municípios de pequeno e médio porte e de elevada privação social.