bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Cultural Values on International Business Management and Related Activities
Authors: Zhao Guanyi , Han Yuwei , Zhang Yuwen
Published: July 2020

Cultural values have a wide influence on international business management and its related activities. In people's daily living environment, due to the different culture and education people receive, the growing environment is different, so it can be divided into different groups, resulting in the relationship between each different cultural groups more and more estranged. If there is no correct sense of management, it is difficult to have close communication, and even there will be barriers in communication. This article mainly analyzes the cross-cultural issues, expounds the cultural factors in international business management, enumerates the cultural differences in international business management, and makes an in-depth analysis of the role of cultural values in international business management and related activities. The purpose is to strengthen the management awareness of relevant managers in cross-cultural management.
AS MULTIPLICIDADES IDENTITÁRIAS DE HERMIONE NA SÉRIE HARRY POTTER
Authors: Teixeira Nincia Cecília Ribas Borges , Pieta Amanda Padilha
Published: July 2020

Milhões de crianças e jovens da década de 1990 cresceram desejando receber um correio-coruja que entregasse sua carta convite para estudar magia em Hogwarts, assim como o garoto de óculos redondos e cicatriz em forma de raio na testa. A série Harry Potter conta a história de um menino que descobre que é bruxo e junto com seus amigos tenta derrotar o temível vilão Voldemort, que assassinou seus pais quando ele era apenas um bebê. Dentre as pessoas que lutam contra o mal ao lado do protagonista, uma delas se destaca a ponto de conquistar uma posição no ranking de favoritismo dos fãs à frente do próprio Harry. Hermione Granger é uma colega de turma do herói da saga, que desde o início é caracterizada pela sua inteligência e que até o final da série se constitui como uma das personagens mais importantes na missão de combater as Artes das Trevas. Devido a intensa identificação do público para com Hermione, o objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar as possíveis representações da personagem da série Harry Potter.O embasamento teórico dos Estudos Literários, Culturais e de Gênero conduziu a compreensão sobre como funcionam as relações entre poder e diferenciação sexual na sociedade bruxa, a partir da personagem feminina de maior relevância na série. A identidade subversiva de Hermione desconstrói algumas matrizes culturais e nos incita a refletir sobre os estereótipos de gênero que por tanto tempo marcaram a literatura voltada para o público infantil e juvenil.
O JUDEU NA LITERATURA PARA CRIANÇAS E JOVENS. UMA LEITURA COM HISTÓRIA.
Authors: D'Alte Pedro
Published: July 2020

A diegese d’O caderno do avô Heinrich dá a conhecer uma personagem que migra por força da perseguição cultural e religiosa. Heinrich refugia-se, nos últimos anos da sua vida, em Portugal. A referência narrativa desperta, desde logo, a curiosidade pela possível relação entre a fé judaica e o espaço geográfico português. Por outro lado, sendo tão breve, a mesma oculta todo o tecido histórico que se entretece entre ‘Portugal’ e o ‘Judaísmo’2. Porque merecedor de atenção académica, o trabalho que aqui se apresenta pretende ler os imagótipos judaicos presentes em narrativas para jovens - em articulação com a historiografia portuguesa -, com o intuito de relembrar e de tornar visível este rico património histórico.
O SOBRENATURAL COMO EXPRESSÃO DA MEMÓRIA EM “A CHAVE NA PORTA” E “QUE SE CHAMA SOLIDÃO” DE LYGIA FAGUNDES TELLES
Authors: De Sousa Maria Vilani
Published: July 2020

Lygia Fagundes Telles é considerada um dos nomes mais significativos da moderna ficção do Brasil. O diferencial da escritora reside na competência em mesclar diferentes temporalidades. Nisso, este trabalho analisa o viés do fantástico nos contos A chave na porta e Que se chama solidão, referenciando a construção social das memórias nas narrativas, objetivando compreender o uso do fantástico para expressar este processo memorialístico das protagonistas femininas de ambos os contos.  O estudo apoia-se nas pesquisas sobre o fantástico em Todorov (1992) e, quanto ao campo do imaginário, se utiliza da ideia de Gilbert Durand (1993), dialogando, ainda, com Freud (1986) e Maurice Hawlbacks (2006).
O PERCURSO DA FORMAÇÃO DA LEITURA E LITERATURA INFANTIL NO BRASIL: UMA NOVA PERSPECTIVA A PARTIR DE MONTEIRO LOBATO
Authors: Toigo Renata
Published: July 2020

A literatura infantil está cada vez mais presente na sociedade contemporânea, ganhando visibilidade no âmbito dos estudos acadêmicos e manifestando-se nas relações culturais dos mais variados territórios. É preciso entender que a literatura infantil não surge como arte criada para deleite e formação do leitor infantil, mas de um longo processo de construção histórica. É no mundo contemporâneo que a literatura infantil ganha produção diversificada com qualidade ética e estética, bem como estudos e crítica literária. Para entender esse processo percorrido pela literatura infantil, faz-se necessário olhar para o percurso histórico e entender como se deu o processo de emancipação, principalmente o papel de Monteiro Lobato para com a literatura infantil, que por muito tempo foi subjugada a um subsistema literário. É Monteiro Lobato quem começa a romper com as amarras europeias e lança uma nova literatura que, por um lado, interpreta a sociedade brasileira e, por outro, está apoiada na fantasia.
A EXPEDIÇÃO MONTAIGNE: UMA LEITURA SOB O VIÉS PÓS-MODERNO
Authors: Souza Costa Francisco das Chagas
Published: July 2020

Causador de celeumas até no tocante à data de seu nascimento, o movimento artístico-cultural denominado de pós-modernismo traz em seu bojo uma série de alterações estéticas as quais não deixam de refletir algumas posições ideológicas que parecem ganhar novas configurações, mas não escapam do inevitável diálogo com o passado. É nessa perspectiva que o presente artigo se propõe a fazer uma leitura do romance A Expedição Montaigne (1982) de Antônio Callado. Situada no contexto pós-moderno, a referida obra faz uma releitura de um aspecto crucial na formação da identidade nacional (a figura do índio) o qual já foi matéria de debate para românticos e modernistas. Nesse sentido, buscar-se-á, na diegese proposta por Callado, os indícios de inovações do fazer literário desses novos tempos. Ademais, as próprias posições teóricas não consensuais em torno do pós-modernismo merecem ser ressaltadas a partir do artefato que se queira analisar. Entre outras coisas, são essas as razões que justificam e direcionam esse trabalho. Nazário (2008), Jameson (2006), Eagleton (1998), Hall (2005), entre outros, servem como suporte teórico para o desenvolvimento deste artigo.
A PROBLEMÁTICA DA INFÂNCIA EM DOIS CONTOS DE MOACYR SCLIAR: ESTRANHEZA, HORROR E VIOLÊNCIA
Authors: Borges Kelio Junior Santana , Machado Cánovas Suzana Yolanda L
Published: July 2020

Este estudo tem o objetivo de estudar a estranheza causada pela morte que, em dois contos do escritor brasileiro Moacyr Scliar, é associada ao horror e à violência ligada à criança. Nossa análise se deterá nas narrativas “Trem fantasma” e “O dia em que matamos James Cagney”, ambas publicadas na coletânea O carnaval dos animais, publicada originalmente em 1968.
A CRIAÇÃO LITERÁRIA E A PRODUÇÃO EDITORIAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Vera Maria Tietzmann
Published: July 2020

Este artigo pretende mostrar a variedade da produção editorial brasileira destinada tanto ao público adulto como ao juvenil. A grande quantidade de títulos novos, como de clássicos reeditados, torna difícil ao professor decidir quais escolher para suas aulas. Os temas variam da História à fantasia, dos sentimento íntimos às preocupações sociais. Quanto ao valor estético, as diferenças também são grandes, indo do trivial à obra-prima. Uma visão crítica é imprescindível para que se possam fazer boas escolhas.
TUPINISMO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A IMPOSIÇÃO DA LÍNGUA GERAL AMAZÔNICA NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Santos de Souza Junior Airton
Published: July 2020

Compreendendo por tupinismo o processo de imposição por meio da violência física de uma língua do tronco tupi, busca-se neste estudo demonstrar que os meios de implantação e propagação da língua geral amazônica ou nheengatu na Amazônia brasileira ocorreram de forma impositiva e coercitiva. Assim, toma-se como ponto de partida para as discussões as contribuições de Antezana (2014), Baniwa (2016), Fanon (2005), Freire (2011), Fonseca (2015), Hall (2016), Othero (2017), Silva e Isquerdo (2009) e Stessuk (2006). Desse modo, foi possível constatar que para além de uma língua supraétnica que permitira o contato entre povos de diferentes etnias, na realidade a língua geral amazônica foi, durante certo tempo, um forte instrumento utilizado segundo os interesses do sistema colonial, cuja imposição não deixou de ser arbitrária, coercitiva e violenta, desconsiderando assim as especificidades, identidades, singularidades e o direito de cada comunidade em manter sua própria língua.
SABER LER LIVROS (E O MUNDO) É UMA HABILIDADE LIBERTADORA
Authors: Campregher da Silva Ana Carla
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar a importância da leitura de mundo como componente do processo de letramento feito na escola, sendo importante ferramenta para a construção de cidadãos críticos do mundo e de seu papel nele. Isso é feito através da análise literária de duas obras, Cobertor de Estrelas, de Ricardo Lísias e Each Kindness, de Jacqueline Woodson, tendo como principais enfoques os elementos narrador, espaço e as imagens como parte componente da obra para construção de significado. As análises feitas são amostras das perspectivas que podem ser tomadas dentro de uma proposta escolar de leitura, uma vez que a leitura de textos literários é poderosa oportunidade de diálogo e reflexão acerca do mundo, de como ele se estrutura hierarquicamente e como essa estrutura poderia ser outra.
LANGUAGE PERCEPTION AND LANGUAGE PRODUCTION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
Authors: Velanitta Vivi
Published: July 2020

Language acquisition is a term to define the process of getting language ability naturally and subconsciously. In language acquisition, there is an optimal time for the children to acquire language optimally. The time is known as critical period that is believed when the critical time is passed by the children without get contact with the language, it will be (almost) impossible to acquire first language and be the native of second language, latter. In other hand, while children acquire language, they will do mistakes (often) and error (rarely). It is related how the children percept language and the way they produce it. In reference to develop language in human, this paper will explore theoretical frameworks related with the steps of children language acquisition which happened in the early childhood related with the transformational process of language perception into language production.
Wygaszanie ubezpieczeń społecznych a kumulacyjna metoda realizacji prawa do zabezpieczenia społecznego
Authors: Kolek Antoni
Published: July 2020

Wprowadzenie Pracowniczych Planów Kapitałowych, ustanowienie tak zwanej trzynastej emerytury jako świadczenia cyklicznego, a także odejście od procentowej waloryzacji świadczeń emerytalnych i rentowych to przykłady zmiany percepcji zabezpieczenia społecznego. Wdrażane przez władze publiczne rozwiązania mają coraz mniej wspólnego z metodą ubezpieczeniową i wprowadzają nowe mechanizmy obce dotychczas funkcjonującym ubezpieczeniom społecznym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie poglądu wskazującego na wygaszanie ubezpieczeń społecznych w Polsce oraz próba eksplanacji nowej metody realizacji prawa do zabezpieczenia społecznego.

W pierwszej części niniejszego opracowania przedstawiono dotychczas znane metody zabezpieczenia społecznego. W drugiej części artykułu autor podejmuje próbę przedstawienia kształtującej się obecnie nowej metody realizacji prawa do zabezpieczenia społecznego. Trzecią część tekstu stanowi przedstawienie zmian w systemie zabezpieczenia społecznego wprowadzanych w latach 2016–2019. Całość wieńczy podsumowanie zawierające argumenty przemawiające za umacnianiem się nowej metody w polskim systemie emerytalnym.
Instagram jako skuteczny instrument komunikacji marketingowej
Authors: Chobot Kamila
Published: July 2020

Instagram jest jednym z najpopularniejszych mediów społecznościowych na świecie. Używa się go zarówno w komunikacji, jak i promocji. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie Instagramu jako skutecznego instrumentu komunikacji marketingowej oraz atrakcyjności serwisu w polityce marketingowej firm w zakresie promocji i budowania relacji z klientem. Praca powstała na podstawie studiów literaturowych z zakresu marketingu ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem komunikacji marketingowej i social media. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych dotyczących oceny Instagramu jako instrumentu komunikacji marketingowej.
Influence: Getting Into the Zone on Demand
Authors: S. Payne James
Published: July 2020

By learning how to teach ‘grit’ and creating the concept ‘prelive’ it is now possible to teach how to get into the zone on demand. A group of 24 second graders were taught how to work a Rubik’s Cube. Ten students mastered the cube and all continued to work the cube for the entire academic year. During this process it was learned how to teach ‘grit’ through perseverance.While learning how confidence is developed in business executives, salespersons and athletes the concept of ‘prelive’ was developed. ‘Prelive’ is a way to activate the brain in believing an event or task has been successfully executed before it has actually happened. When an individual imagines a positive result has happened to such a degree of intensity, before it has happened, the individual, at times, may experience zoneness which results in superior performance.A sequence of events leading to zoneness is presented, illustrating pedagogical best practices for teaching how to get into the zone on demand.
Mise en place des caractéristiques du muscle chez le lapin et incidence sur la qualité de la viande
Authors: GONDRET F. , BONNEAU M.
Published: July 2020

La maîtrise de la qualité intrinsèque des muscles constitue aujourd’hui un enjeu pour le maintien de la consommation de viande de lapin en France. L’objet de cet article est de présenter les mécanismes de mise en place, d’évolution, et les facteurs de variation des principales caractéristiques musculaires du lapin.
Le lapereau présente un faible degré de maturité musculaire à la naissance. La période postnatale est caractérisée par une augmentation de la taille des fibres, ce qui permet un accroissement de la masse musculaire. Dans le même temps, les caractéristiques qualitatives des fibres musculaires se modifient. Les caractéristiques contractiles présentent ainsi une importante plasticité jusqu’à la fin de la période d’allaitement (1 mois). Les caractéristiques métaboliques se différencient au cours de cette période d’allaitement puis évoluent jusqu’à un état adulte atteint à 2 mois d’âge.
La période postnatale se caractérise également par une augmentation de la teneur en lipides du muscle, liée à la mise en réserve de triglycérides dans les adipocytes qui sont groupés le long des faisceaux de fibres. La mise en place de ces adipocytes intramusculaires a lieu au cours de la période d’allaitement, puis leur nombre et leur taille augmentent avec l’âge de l’animal, au moins jusqu’à 5 mois.
Les caractéristiques musculaires relèvent pour partie d’un déterminisme génétique mais peuvent être également modifiées par des facteurs d’élevage. Cependant, seules des manipulations précoces (in utero et allaitement) permettraient de contrôler à la fois les caractéristiques qualitatives des fibres musculaires et celles des lipides intramusculaires.
Ensilage et contamination du lait par les spores butyriques
Authors: DEMARQUILLY C.
Published: July 2020

Le lait des vaches recevant de l’ensilage peut entraîner de sérieux déboires dans la fabrication de certains fromages, notamment ceux à pâte pressée cuite : gonflement tardif, goût et odeur désagréables. L’agent responsable est une spore butyrique, Clostridium butyricum. La contamination du lait se fait lors de la traite, par des particules de bouse passant dans le lait. Son importance dépend d’une part des soins apportés à la traite et de la propreté des trayons, d’autre part du nombre de spores dans l’ensilage et, par là, dans les bouses. Il est nécessaire de jouer simultanément sur ces deux facteurs pour diminuer la contamination du lait. En ce qui concerne l’ensilage, il est impératif d’incorporer le moins possible de terre (à l’origine des spores) dans le fourrage lors de la récolte et du remplissage du silo. D’autre part il est nécessaire d’utiliser un conservateur efficace inhibant la multiplication des spores dans l’ensilage. Les conservateurs acides et (ou) ceux contenant des nitrates ou des nitrites sont de ce point de vue les plus efficaces.
Contrôle hormonal des caractéristiques des fibres musculaires après la naissance
Authors: CASSAR-MALEK I. , LISTRAT A. , PICARD B.
Published: July 2020

Après la naissance, la croissance et les propriétés contractiles et métaboliques des fibres musculaires sont soumises à une régulation endocrinienne complexe. A l’exception des glucocorticoïdes, la plupart des hormones présente une action anabolique sur le tissu musculaire. Leur influence sur les caractéristiques des fibres est cependant très différente. Ainsi, les hormones somatotropes affectent peu la composition en fibres des muscles. La GH, comme l’IGF-1, régulerait cependant l’expression des isoformes de myosine. Les hormones thyroïdiennes augmentent la proportion des fibres rapides au détriment des lentes. Elles régulent l’expression des chaînes lourdes de myosine, en augmentant celles des isoformes rapides. L’insuline joue également un rôle important, le diabète s’accompagnant d’une diminution du pourcentage relatif des fibres rapides glycolytiques et de la quantité des myosines natives rapides. Les agonistes béta-adrénergiques des catécholamines augmentent la proportion des fibres rapides IIB au détriment des lentes. Leur influence sur l’expression des myosines reste toutefois peu connue. L’action des stéroïdes sexuels est par contre bien documentée : les androgènes diminuent la proportion des fibres rapides IIB, et l’accumulation des chaînes lourdes de myosine IIb. Les oestrogènes ont peu d’effets reconnus sur ces caractéristiques. Enfin, si les fibres IIB constituent la principale cible des glucocorticoïdes, leur effet sur les caractéristiques des fibres est encore mal connu. L’ensemble de ces données suggère que l’on peut modifier la croissance du muscle et sa composition en fibres en modifiant l’équilibre endocrinien des animaux par les techniques d’élevage.
DANO MORAL COLETIVO DECORRENTE DE INFRAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: ASPECTOS CRÍTICOS DO SISTEMA JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos Vinicius , Ferreira Santos Gabriel
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho tem como intuito analisar de forma crítica o dano moral coletivo ambiental, verticalizando para sua aplicabilidade, a sua influência na responsabilidade civil e de seus elementos caracterizadores. A análise envolve o estudo do dano moral e a sua relação existente com a dignidade da pessoa humana. Em um momento posterior se examina o dano moral coletivo ambiental e a sua aplicabilidade no ordenamento jurídico. Ressalta-se que há uma divergência por parte do nosso legislador em aceitar a aplicabilidade do dano moral coletivo, mesmo com a promulgação do novo código de processo civil. Por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória teórica, depreende-se como conclusão que a reparação do dano moral coletivo possui funções punitivas, compensatórias, e pedagógicas. Sendo admissível a reparação do dano moral ou extrapatrimonial coletivo em matéria ambiental.
CONTROLE SOCIAL DAS AGÊNCIAS REGULADORAS: O CASO DA AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES - ANATEL.
Authors: Costa Gomes Paulo , de Salles Santos Aline Sueli
Published: July 2020

Abordaremos as formas de controle social realizadas pelas agências reguladoras, no Brasil, com ênfase ao caso das telecomunicações, exercido através da denominada Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações – Anatel, abordando os aspectos jurídicos, dos mecanismos utilizados como meio de controle social para acompanhar o dinamismo da sociedade nesse setor, sendo que destacamos os pontos positivos e negativos dessa participação popular, para melhor adequação do sistema ao que estabelece a Constituição Federal de 1988, bem como, a legislação extravagante, sobre serviços públicos, após as reformas constitucionais e administrativas, o que culminou na descentralização, com as privatizações e, consequentemente, a necessidade de regulamentação da prestação desses serviços públicos e, com base nessas reflexões apresentadas, propusemos algumas ações que poderiam ser adotadas para promover uma melhor participação da sociedade no processo regulatório, dando mais credibilidade ao papel exercido pela Anatel e definindo qual é o papel do cidadão consumidor, frente às dificuldades apresentadas.
LIBRARY SERVICES FOR BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED CITIZENS
Authors: Dmitrova L. V.
Published: July 2020

Blind and visually impaired citizens are a special category of people with disabilities. According to the World Health Organization data, there are about 39 million blind people around the world and 246 million people have very low vision.  The formation of a barrier-free environment in the field of social services, culture, education, employment is the most important task for representatives of federal and regional authorities, ministries and departments. Institutions of various profiles are doing great work on socio cultural rehabilitation of persons with restricted health abilities and on ensuring them equal opportunities with other citizens to participate in social life. Library services for people with complete or partial loss of vision are part of the social rehabilitation system. People of this category are provided with information by special libraries for the blind and visually impaired as well as by the network of state and municipal libraries. In the context of globalization, there  rises the question of integrating special libraries for the blind and publicly accessible libraries into the  united system for to provide disabled people with  information services.  The article gives a brief characteristic of publications devoted to library services for blind and visually impaired citizens. Library specialists actively discuss ways of uniting resources and promoting services for people with total or partial loss of vision for to raise effectiveness in solving tasks of adaptation for this group of inhabitants.  Such system could support people, having restrictions on vision, in full realization of their rights and liberties, create conditions for raising culture of consumption of products and social sphere services.
TYPOLOGY OF INTELLIGENCE AND LIBRARY LOGO
Authors: Sokolov A. V.
Published: July 2020

Intelligence is understood as a means of mental activity, that is, a means of generating, storing, understanding, transforming thoughts in a special intelligible space of the noosphere. Three types  of intellects are distinguished depending on the  thinking subject: Intelligence A is an individual  lively wit of a member of a society, which is  in his mind; Intelligence B is a social logos, which  is the core of abstract thought and speech sphere  of public consciousness (logosphere) and includes  the BB Bibliologo as one of its particular types;  Intelligence C is an artificial intelligence that exists  in a digital virtual reality (computer space  and time). Intelligence A is a natural one, operating with symbols (speech and images) in a psychical human world; Intelligence B is artificial, operating with cultural codes in a social environment; Intelligence C is artificial, operating with digital signals in an electronic virtual environment. Two ideological problems are examined: firstly, the problem of the intelligences A, B, C dynamics of development in biological and historical time; secondly, the problem of interaction of various intelligences in the modern society logo sphere. The conclusion that digital culture must be balanced by humanitarian (humanistic) culture, the bearer of which is book cultural heritage, is made. For this, each Russian library should be a center of Russian culture, combining three types of intelligences: 1) library logo; 2) artificial intelligence of free access; 3) lively intelligence of a library team.  The educational mission of Library Logos is to use their intellectual potential for to bring to senses (familiarize with the mind) the population of Russia. Moreover, it is desirable that our politicians should comprehend that the library is the humanistic stronghold of the nation, and digitalization (informatization, automation) is an auxiliary tool to strengthen book culture as the basic value of Russia.
Dominant Factors Determining Differences of COVID-19 Fatalities Between India and Other Large-Population Regions
Authors: Yarlagadda Sudhakar , Kar Satyaki
Published: July 2020

We analyze the Covid-19 mortality scenario in India and compare it with those in other large-population regions such as Asia-excluding-China, Africa, European Union, South America, and USA. We compare existing fatality data and offer an interpretation for low fatality based on immunity due to endemic malaria and TB. We identify the hot climate in the past summer as a possible cause for low death count in southern-hemisphere countries without endemic malaria and TB. We also make India-specific observations for easing the lockdown and estimations for the time required to attain herd immunity. Whatever optimism we present should be viewed as a guarded optimism. There should not be room for complacency.
A Fully Automated Deep Learning-based Network For Detecting COVID-19 from a New And Large Lung CT Scan Dataset
Authors: Rahimzadeh Mohammad , Attar Abolfazl , Sakhaei Seyed Mohammad
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 is a severe global problem, and one of the primary ways to decrease its casualties is the infected person's identification at the proper time. AI can play a significant role in these cases by monitoring and detecting infected persons in early-stage. In this paper, we aim to propose a high- speed and accurate fully-automated method to detect COVID-19 from the patient's CT scan. We introduce a new dataset that contains 48260 CT scan images from 282 normal persons and 15589 images from 95 patients with COVID-19 infection. Our proposed automated system takes all the CT scan image sequences of a patient as the input and determines if the patient is infected with COVID-19. At the first stage, this system runs the proposed image processing algorithm to discard those CT images that inside the lung is not properly visible in them. This helps to reduce the number of images that shall be processed, so it reduces the processing time. Also, running this algorithm makes the deep network at the next stage to analyze only the proper images and thus reduces false detections. At the next stage, we propose a new modified deep convolutional network that is based on ResNet50V2 and is enhanced by the feature pyramid network for classifying the selected CT images into COVID-19 or normal. After running these two phases, if enough number of chosen CT scan images of a patient be identified as COVID-19, the system considers that patient, infected to this disease. In the single image classification stage, the ResNet50V2 with feature pyramid network achieved 98.49% accuracy on more than 7996 validation images. At the fully automated phase, the automated system correctly identified almost 237 patients from 245 patients on average between five-folds with high speed. In the end, we also investigate the classified images with a feature visualization algorithm to indicate the area of infections in each image. We are implementing these materials on some medical centers in Iran, and we hope that it would be a great help in Intelligence disease detection anywhere.
Canonical Description of Group Theory: A Linear Order on All Finite Groups
Authors: Ramirez Juan Pablo
Published: July 2020

We provide an axiomatic base for the set of natural numbers, that has been proposed as a canonical construction, and use this definition of $\mathbb N$ to find several results on finite group theory. Every finite group $G$, is well represented with a natural number $N_G$; if $N_G=N_H$ then $H,G$ are in the same isomorphism class. We have a linear order, on the quotient space of isomorphism classes of finite groups, that is well behaved with respect to cardinality. If $H,G$ are two finite groups such that $|H|=m<n=|G|$, then $H<\mathbb Z_n\leq G\leq\mathbb Z_{p_1}^{n_1}\oplus\mathbb Z_{p_2}^{n_2}\oplus\cdots\oplus\mathbb Z_{p_k}^{n_k}$ where $n=p_1^{n_1}p_2^{n_2}\cdots p_{k}^{n_k}$ is the prime factorization of $n$. We find a canonical order for the objects of $G$ and define equivalent objects of $G$, thus finding the automorphisms of $G$. The Cayley table of $G$ takes canonical block form, and we are provided with a minimal set of independent equations that define the group. We show how to find all groups of order $n$, and order them. We give examples using all groups with order smaller than $10$, and we find the canonical block form of the symmetry group $\Delta_4$. In the next section, we extend our results to the infinite case, which defines a real number as an infinite set of natural numbers. A real function is a set of real numbers, and a sequence of real functions $f_1,f_2,\ldots$ is well represented by a set of real numbers, as well. In general, we represent mathematical objects using the smallest possible data-type. In the last section, mathematical objects are well assigned to tree structures. We conclude with brief comments on type theory and future work on computational aspects of these representations.
Blood Meal Sources of Anopheles spp. in Malaria Endemic Areas of Honduras
Authors: Escobar Denis , Ascencio Krisnaya , Ortiz Andrés , Palma Adalid , Sánchez Ana , Fontecha Gustavo
Published: July 2020

Malaria remains a life-threatening disease in many tropical countries. Honduras has successfully reduced malaria transmission as different control methods have been applied focusing mainly on indoor mosquitoes. The selective pressure exerted by the use of insecticides inside the households could modify the feeding behavior of the mosquitoes forcing them to search for available animal hosts outside the houses. These animal hosts in the peridomicile could consequently become an important factor in maintaining vector populations in endemic areas. Herein, we investigated the blood meal sources and Plasmodium spp. infection on anophelines collected outdoors in endemic areas of Honduras. Individual PCR reactions with species-specific primers were used to detect five feeding sources on 181 visibly engorged mosquitoes. In addition, a subset of these mosquitoes where chosen for pathogen analysis by a nested PCR approach. Most mosquitoes fed on multiple hosts (2 to 4), and 24.9% of mosquitoes were fed on a single host, animal or human. Chicken and bovine were the most frequent blood meal sources (29.5% and 27.5% respectively). The average human blood index (HBI) was 22.1%. None of the mosquitoes was found to be infected with Plasmodium spp. Our results show the opportunistic and zoophilic behavior of Anopheles mosquitoes in Honduras.
Cosmology with Variable G and Nonlinear Electrodynamics
Authors: Joseph Gabriel W. , Övgün Ali
Published: July 2020

In a bid to resolve lingering problems in cosmology, more focus is being tilted towards cosmological models in which physical constants of nature are not necessarily real constants, but varying with cosmic time. In this paper we study cosmology in nonlinear electrodynamics with the Newton's gravitational constant $G$ not a constant but varies with the scale factor of the universe. The evolution of the scale factor $a(t)$ in this model depends on $\alpha$, which gives an steady universe when $\alpha=0.5$. As $\alpha$ increases to $\alpha=1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0$ the universe enter into inflation scenario after that the magnetic monopole field decayed and is converted to radiation. We checked the stability of the model and obtained that it is classically stable with the best condition for the stability at $5/2\geq \alpha >7/4$ .
What Are the Principles that Govern Life?
Authors: Gomez-Marquez Jaime
Published: July 2020

We know that living matter must behave in accordance with the universal laws of physics and chemistry. However, these laws are insufficient to explain the specific characteristics of the vital phenomenon and, therefore, we need new principles, intrinsic to biology, which are the basis for developing a theoretical framework for understanding life. Here I propose what I call the seven commandments of life (the Vital Order, the Principle of Inexorability, the Central Dogma, the Tyranny of Time, the Evolutionary Imperative, the Conservative Rule, the Cooperating Thrust) as a set of principles that help us explain the vital phenomenon from an evolutionary perspective. In a metaphorical way, we can consider life like an endless race in which living beings are the runners, who are changing as the race goes on (the evolutionary process), and the commandments the rules.
Unsteady Natural Convection in a Cylindrical Containment Vessel (CIGMA) With External Wall Cooling: Numerical CFD Simulation
Authors: Hamdani Ari , Abe Satoshi , Ishigaki Masahiro , Sibamoto Yasuteru , Yonomoto Taisuke
Published: July 2020

In the case of a severe accident, natural convection plays an important role in the atmosphere mixing of nuclear reactor containments. In the previous study, to simulate the natural convection in the accident scenario within a nuclear reactor containment, the steady thermal boundary conditions (BCs) were prescribed on either cooled or heated wall. The present study, therefore, aims at the transient 3D numerical simulations of natural convection of air around a cylindrical containment with unsteady thermal BCs at the vessel wall. For that purpose, the experiment series was done in the CIGMA facility at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The upper vessel or both the upper vessel and the middle jacket was cooled by subcooled water, while the lower vessel was thermally insulated. A 3D model was simulated with OpenFOAM®, applying the Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (URANS) model. Different turbulence models were studied, such as the standard k-ε, standard k-ω, k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) and, low-Reynolds-k-ε Launder-Sharma. The results of the four turbulence models were compared versus the results of experimental data. The k-ω SST showed a better prediction compare to other turbulence models. Also, the accuracy of the predicted temperature and pressure were improved when the heat conduction on the internal structure, i.e., flat bar, was considered in the simulation. Otherwise, the predictions on both temperature and pressure were underestimated compared with the experimental results. Hence, the conjugate heat transfer in the internal structure inside the containment vessel must be modeled accurately.
Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 in Shahroud, Iran Using GIS
Authors: Ghanbarian Marjan , Mahdavi Sepideh , Enayatrad Mostafa , Zare Fariba , MajidNia Mostafa , Emamian Mohammad Hassan , Hosseinzadeh Ali , Chaman Reza , Khosravi Ahmad , Binesh Ehsan , Sheibani Hossein , Khajeha Hamidreza , Rohani-Rasaf Marzieh
Published: July 2020

Abstract Background: The highest incidence rate of covid-19 in Iran was reported from Shahroud County. This study was conducted by geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the geographical distribution of Covid-19 in 60 days. Study design: A cross-sectional study Methods: This study was conducted in counties covered by Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, namely Shahroud and Mayami, from February 20, 2020 to April 18, 2020. The GIS can better show the spread of epidemics. This software indicates geographical distribution of disease spread and is very helpful in controlling the epidemics. Therefore, maps of spatial distribution and risk of infection to COVID-19 were prepared in different regions of Shahroud county using Arc-GIS software to better implement health policies. Results: During this sixty-day period, 529 confirmed cases were detected, of which 51% were men and the average age was 55 years. The maps showed high-risk to risk-free regions. Shahroud and Bastam cities were known as the coronavirus hot spots. The eastern region of Shahroud has the highest number of cases but some high risk areas are spread throughout the Shahroud city due to high infectivity of virus. Risk-based time maps indicated a reduction in the risk of infection at the end of the research period due to some mitigation and suppression strategies. Conclusions: Shahroud and Bastam are the most dangerous cities that, the number of patients and dissemination has decreased over time because of tracking definite patients and people in contact with them and implementation of preventive care.
Twitter and Census Data Analytics to Explore Socioeconomic Factors for Post-COVID-19 Reopening Sentiment
Authors: Rahman Md. Mokhlesur , Ali G. G. Md. Nawaz , Li Xue Jun , Paul Kamal Chandra , Chong Peter H.J.
Published: July 2020

Investigating and classifying sentiments of social media users (e.g., positive, negative) towards an item, situation, and system are very popular among the researchers. However, they rarely discuss the underlying socioeconomic factor associations for such sentiments. This study attempts to explore the factors associated with positive and negative sentiments of the people about reopening the economy, in the United States (US) amidst the COVID-19 global crisis. It takes into consideration the situational uncertainties (i.e., changes in work and travel pattern due to lockdown policies), economic downturn and associated trauma, and emotional factors such as depression. To understand the sentiment of the people about the reopening economy, Twitter data was collected, representing the 51 states including Washington DC of the US. State-wide socioeconomic characteristics of the people (e.g., education, income, family size, and employment status), built environment data (e.g., population density), and the number of COVID-19 related cases were collected and integrated with Twitter data to perform the analysis. A binary logit model was used to identify the factors that influence people toward a positive or negative sentiment. The results from the logit model demonstrate that family households, people with low education levels, people in the labor force, low-income people, and people with higher house rent are more interested in reopening the economy. In contrast, households with a high number of members and high income are less interested to reopen the economy. The accuracy of the model is good (i.e., the model can correctly classify 56.18\% of the sentiments). The Pearson chi2 test indicates that overall this model has high goodness-of-fit. This study provides a clear indication to the policymakers where to allocate resources and what policy options they can undertake to improve the socioeconomic situations of the people and mitigate the impacts of pandemics in the current situation and as well as in the future.
High Homogenization Pressures to Improve Food Quality, Functionality and Sustainability
Authors: Mesa José , Hinestroza-Córdoba Leidy Indira , Barrera Cristina , Seguí Lucía , Betoret Ester , Betoret Noelia
Published: July 2020

The interest in high homogenization pressure technology has grown over the years. It is a green technology with low energy consumption, not generating high CO2 emissions or polluting effluents. The main food applications derive from its effect on particle size, causing a more homogeneous distribution of fluid elements (particles, globules, droplets, aggregates, etc.) and favouring the release of intracellular components; and its effect on the structure and configuration of chemical components such as polyphenols and macromolecules such as carbohydrates (fibres) and proteins (also microorganisms and enzymes). The challenges of the 21st century lead food industry processing towards obtaining food with high nutritional quality and taking advantage of waste to obtain ingredients with specific properties. For this purpose, soft and non-thermal technologies such as high pressures homogenization have a huge potential. The objective of this work is to review how the need to combine safety, functionality and sustainability in food industry has conditioned the last decade applications of high-pressure homogenization technology.
Ten Simple Rules for Implementing a Flipped Classroom
Authors: Taly Antoine , Poulain Pierre , Dufour Héloïse , Bertrand Mickaël
Published: July 2020

This manuscript aims to share some tips on implementing a flipped classroom, with examples from biology and computational biology. The proposed rules are: - Invert time and Say It, - Identify (or create) resources for learning at home, - Be explicit on the acquisition of knowledge and engage students at home, - Explore active learning in class, - Develop skills of cooperation and sharing, - Evaluate, - Differentiate, - Take care of the logistic and your posture, - Document your flipped classroom, - Share.
Influence of Chiral Compounds on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) in the Water Splitting Process
Authors: Gazzotti Mirko , Stefani Andrea , Bonechi Marco , Giurlani Walter , Innocenti Massimo , Fontanesi Claudio
Published: July 2020

Results are presented concerning the influence on the water splitting process of enantiopure tartaric acid present in bulk solution. Stainless steel and electrodeposited nickel are used as working electrode (WE) surface. The latter is obtained by electrodeposition on the two poles of a magnet. The influence and role played by the chiral compound in solution has been assessed by comparing the current values, in cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments, recorded in the potential range at which oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurs. In the case of tartaric acid and nickel WE a spin polarization of about 4 % is found. The use of the chiral environment (bulk solution) and ferromagnetic chiral Ni electrode allows for observing the OER at a more favourable potential: about 50 mV (i.e. a cathodic, less positive, shift of the potential at which the oxygen evolution is observed).
Not Just Numbers: Mathematical Modelling and its Contribution to Anaerobic Digestion Processes
Authors: Wade Matthew
Published: July 2020

Mathematical modelling of bioprocesses has a long and notable history, with eminent contributions from fields including microbiology, ecology, biophysics, chemistry, statistics, control theory and mathematical theory. This richness of ideas and breadth of concepts provide great motivation for inquisitive engineers and intrepid scientists to try their hand at modelling, and this collaboration of disciplines has also delivered significant milestones in the quality and application of models for both theoretical and practical interrogation of engineered biological systems. The focus of this review is the anaerobic digestion process, which, as a technology that has come in and out of fashion, still remains a fundamental process for addressing the global climate emergency. Whether with conventional anaerobic digestion systems, biorefineries, or other anaerobic technologies, mathematical models are important tools that are used to design, monitor, control and optimise the process. Both highly structured, mechanistic models and data-driven approaches have been used extensively over half a decade, but recent advances in computational capacity, scientific understanding and diversity and quality of process data, presents an opportunity for the development of new modelling paradigms, augmentation of existing methods, or even incorporation of tools from other disciplines, to ensure that anaerobic digestion research can remain resilient and relevant in the face of emerging and future challenges.
Fast detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at ppt level by an immunosensor based on kinetic competition
Authors: Paul Martin , Tscheuschner Georg , Herrmann Stefan , Weller Michael G.
Published: July 2020

The illegal use of explosives by terrorists and other criminals is an increasing issue in public spaces, such as airports, railway stations, highways, sports arenas, theaters, and other large buildings. Security in these environments can be achieved by a set of different means, including the installation of scanners and other analytical devices to detect ultra-small traces of explosives in a very short time-frame to be able to take action as early as possible to prevent the detonation of such devices. Unfortunately, an ideal explosive detection system still does not exist, which means that a compromise is needed in practice. Most detection devices lack the extreme analytical sensitivity, which is nevertheless necessary due to the low vapor pressure of nearly all explosives. In addition, the rate of false positives needs to be virtually zero, which is also very difficult to achieve. Here we present an immunosensor system based on kinetic competition, which is known to be very fast and may even overcome affinity limitation, which impairs the performance of many traditional competitive assays. This immunosensor consists of a monolithic glass column with a vast excess of immobilized hapten, which traps the fluorescently labeled antibody as long as no explosive is present. In the case of TNT occurring, some binding sites of the antibody will be blocked, which leads to an immediate breakthrough of the labeled protein, detectable by highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence with the help of a Peltier-cooled CMOS camera. Liquid handling is performed with high-precision syringe pumps and chip-based mixing-devices and flow-cells. The system achieved limits of detection of 1 pM (1 ppt) of the fluorescent label and around 100 pM (20 ppt) of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The total assay time is less than 8 min. A cross-reactivity test with 5000 pM solutions showed no signal by PETN, RDX, and HMX. This immunosensor belongs to the most sensitive and fastest detectors for TNT with no significant cross-reactivity by non-related compounds.
Positive Deviance for Dual-Method Promotion among Women in Uganda: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kosugi Hodaka , Shibanuma Akira , Kiriya Junko , Ong Ken Ing Cherng , Mucunguzi Stephen , Muzoora Conrad , Jimba Masamine
Published: July 2020

Dual-method use is the most reliable form of protection against unintended pregnancies and HIV/STIs. Although dual-method use remains uncommon among women in stable relationships, some women do practice it. In this study, we explored the barriers that make dual-method use rare and the behaviors of women who practice dual-method use using a positive deviance framework in Uganda. We screened 150 women using highly effective contraceptives at five health facilities. We identified nine women who practiced dual-method use and 141 women who did not. In a qualitative study, we conducted in-depth interviews with all nine women practicing dual-method use and 10 women randomly selected out of the 141 who did not. We performed a thematic analysis using the positive deviance framework. Regardless of practicing dual-method use or not, women faced perceived barriers against dual-method use, such as partner’s objection, distrust, shyness about introducing condoms into marital relationships, and limited access to condoms. However, women practicing dual-method use had higher levels of risk perception about unintended pregnancies and HIV/STIs. They also engaged in unique behaviors, such as influencing their partners’ condom use by initiating discussions, educating their partners on sexual risks and condom use, and obtaining condoms by themselves. These findings will be useful in developing effective community-led and peer-based interventions promoting dual-method use to reduce the dual burden of unintended pregnancies and HIV/STIs among women in Uganda.