bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of total factor productivity of green agriculture in China: Analysis of the regional differences based on China
Authors: Zhong Shen , Li Yuexin , Li Jian , Yang Huiying
Published: September 2021

China’s agricultural economy is developing rapidly, but the unbalanced regional development is still a key issue that needs to be discussed today. By studying the total factor productivity of green agriculture and its factors, this paper analyzes the regional differences in time and space changes between the eastern, central and western parts of China. In this paper, the total factor productivity of green agriculture is calculated and decomposed by Metafrontier Malmquist-Luenberger index based on directional distance function. The results are as follows: First, the total factor productivity level of green agriculture in China is increasing year by year, but the overall level is still at a low level and has greater volatility; Second, although the total factor productivity of green agriculture shows an upward trend, the three regions show a downward trend in turn, which has great differences; Third, there are obvious differences in technological efficiency, optimal production potential and technological gap between the eastern, central and western regions, and there are great differences in productivity among regions and provinces. Based on the results, this paper puts forward policy recommendations, according to the regional heterogeneity, from a number of angles to rely on the joint efforts of many parties to improve the level of total factor productivity of green agriculture.
What motivates consumers to buy organic foods? Results of an empirical study in the United States
Authors: Gundala Raghava R. , Singh Anupam
Published: September 2021

Consumers perceive organic foods as more nutritious, natural, and environmentally friendly than non-organic or conventional foods. Since organic foods developed, studies on consumer behavior and organic foods have contributed significantly to its development. The presesent study aims to identify the factors affecting consumer buying behaviour toward organic foods in the United States. Survey data are collected from 770 consumers in the Midwest, United States. ANOVA, multiple linear regression, factor analysis, independent t-tests, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis are used to analyze the collected primary data. This research confirms health consciousness, consumer knowledge, perceived or subjective norms, and perception of price influence consumers’ attitudes toward buying organic foods. Availability is another factor that affected the purchase intentions of consumers. Age, education, and income are demographic factors that also impact consumers’ buying behavior. The findings help marketers of organic foods design strategies to succeed in the US’s fast-growing organic foods market.
Exploring pooled analysis of pretested items to monitor the performance of medical students exposed to different curriculum designs
Authors: Hamamoto Filho Pedro Tadao , Lourenção Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda , Abbade Joélcio Francisco , Cecílio-Fernandes Dario , Caramori Jacqueline Teixeira , Bicudo Angélica Maria
Published: September 2021

Several methods have been proposed for analyzing differences between test scores, such as using mean scores, cumulative deviation, and mixed-effect models. Here, we explore the pooled analysis of retested Progress Test items to monitor the performance of first-year medical students who were exposed to a new curriculum design. This was a cross-sectional study of students in their first year of a medical program who participated in the annual interinstitutional Progress Tests from 2013 to 2019. We analyzed the performance of first-year students in the 2019 test and compared it with that of first-year students taking the test from 2013 to 2018 and encountering the same items. For each item, we calculated odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals; we also performed meta-analyses with fixed effects for each content area in the pooled analysis and presented the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In all, we used 63 items, which were divided into basic sciences, internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and public health. Significant differences were found between groups in basic sciences (OR = 1.172 [CI95% 1.005 CI 1.366], p = 0.043) and public health (OR = 1.54 [CI95% CI 1.25–1.897], p < 0.001), which may reflect the characteristics of the new curriculum. Thus, pooled analysis of pretested items may provide indicators of different performance. This method may complement analysis of score differences on benchmark assessments.
Oscillating dietary crude protein concentrations increase N retention of calves by affecting urea-N recycling and nitrogen metabolism of rumen bacteria and epithelium
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Teng Zhanwei , Li Pengtao , Fu Tong , Lian Hongxia , Wang Linfeng , Gao Tengyun
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oscillating crude protein (CP) concentration diet on the nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of calves and determine its mechanism. Twelve Holstein calves were assigned randomly into static protein diet (SP, 149 g/kg CP) and oscillating protein diet (OP, 125 and 173 g/kg CP diets oscillated at 2-d intervals) groups. After 60 days of feeding, the weights of total stomach, rumen and omasum tended to increase in calves fed OP. The apparent crude fat digestibility, NUE and energy metabolism also increased. In terms of urea-N kinetics evaluated by urea-15N15N isotope labeling method, the urea-N production and that entry to gastrointestinal tended to increase, and urea-N reused for anabolism increased significantly in calves fed OP during the low protein phase. These data indicate that urea-N recycling contributed to improving NUE when dietary protein concentration was low. In addition, the differentially expressed genes in rumen epithelium and the rumen bacteria involved in protein and energy metabolism promoted the utilization of dietary protein in calves fed OP.
Quantitative analyses of squamate dentition demonstrate novel morphological patterns
Authors: Christensen Kiana , Melstrom Keegan M.
Published: September 2021

Squamates are ideal subjects for investigating relationships between diet and dental patterns because they exhibit wide dietary diversity, marked variation in dental shape, and are taxonomically abundant. Despite this, well-established links between diet and dental morphology are primarily qualitative in nature, with specific patterns of squamate dental complexity remaining largely unknown. Here, we use quantitative methods and a broad taxonomic dataset to quantify key patterns in squamate dental morphology, including re-examining the relationship between dentition and diet, testing for differences in complexity between dentigerous elements, and exploring the effect of ontogenetic dietary shifts in dental complexity in two iguanid genera. Our findings support previous research by demonstrating that species consuming more plant material possess more complex teeth. We did not find significant complexity differences between the left and right dentigerous elements nor the upper and lower jaws, with the exception ofAmblyrhynchus cristatus, the marine iguana, which possesses significantly more complex dentary teeth than premaxillary and maxillary teeth. We find discordant patterns when testing for dental complexity changes through ontogeny.Amblyrhynchus, which is primarily herbivorous throughout its lifetime, increases dental complexity through ontogeny, whereasCtenosaura, which is generally insectivorous as juveniles and herbivorous as adults, decreases dental complexity. Although preliminary, this research documents and quantifies novel patterns of squamate dental complexity and exhibits the possibilities for further research on the diversity of squamate dental morphology.
A variant ECE1 allele contributes to reduced pathogenicity of Candida albicans during vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Liu Junyan , Willems Hubertine M. E. , Sansevere Emily A. , Allert Stefanie , Barker Katherine S. , Lowes David J. , Dixson Andrew C. , Xu Zhenbo , Miao Jian , DeJarnette Christian , Tournu Helene , Palmer Glen E. , Richardson Jonathan P. , Barrera Francisco N. , Hube Bernhard , Naglik Julian R. , Peters Brian M.
Published: September 2021

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), caused primarily by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, results in significant quality-of-life issues for women worldwide. Candidalysin, a toxin derived from a polypeptide (Ece1p) encoded by the ECE1 gene, plays a crucial role in driving immunopathology at the vaginal mucosa. This study aimed to determine if expression and/or processing of Ece1p differs across C. albicans isolates and whether this partly underlies differential pathogenicity observed clinically. Using a targeted sequencing approach, we determined that isolate 529L harbors a similarly expressed, yet distinct Ece1p isoform variant that encodes for a predicted functional candidalysin; this isoform was conserved amongst a collection of clinical isolates. Expression of the ECE1 open reading frame (ORF) from 529L in an SC5314-derived ece1Δ/Δ strain resulted in significantly reduced vaginopathogenicity as compared to an isogenic control expressing a wild-type (WT) ECE1 allele. However, in vitro challenge of vaginal epithelial cells with synthetic candidalysin demonstrated similar toxigenic activity amongst SC5314 and 529L isoforms. Creation of an isogenic panel of chimeric strains harboring swapped Ece1p peptides or HiBiT tags revealed reduced secretion with the ORF from 529L that was associated with reduced virulence. A genetic survey of 78 clinical isolates demonstrated a conserved pattern between Ece1p P2 and P3 sequences, suggesting that substrate specificity around Kex2p-mediated KR cleavage sites involved in protein processing may contribute to differential pathogenicity amongst clinical isolates. Therefore, we present a new mechanism for attenuation of C. albicans virulence at the ECE1 locus.
Peircean studies in Russia: A historical and cross-cultural perspective
Authors: Lukianova Natalia , Fell Elena
Published: September 2021

This article aims to contribute to the Peircean studies by providing an account of the reception of Peirce’s philosophy in Russian academia. Peirce was introduced to Russian scholarship at the beginning of the twentieth century, but Russian scholars’ work on Peirce remains
unnoticed for the most part in the international academic world. Presenting an outline of their research fills a certain gap in the Peircean studies demonstrating how Peirce was received in imperial Russia, the USSR and post-Soviet Russian academia. This overview can also serve, to some extent,
as a contribution to the studies in cross-cultural communication, because the authors present Russian philosophers’ take on an American philosopher considered in the context of the changing historical and cultural landscape. From being introduced to Peirce via a francophone scholar at
the beginning of the twentieth century to criticizing Peirce from the stance of dialectical materialism during the Cold War and exploring Peirce’s original work from various angles in the recent decades, Russophone academics could not avoid being affected by the complexity of cross-cultural
communication.
Mediating actio in distans: Leibniz, Clarke and Newton on the communicability of forces
Authors: Sprenger Florian
Published: September 2021

This article revisits the debate between Leibniz and Clarke to explore conceptual shifts in the use of the term medium. A basic tenet of physics since antiquity says that every act of communication ‐ that is, every transmission of a force from the place of its cause to that of
its effect ‐ requires a medium to ensure its interaction. In the context of the Early Modern Period, media were regarded as mediating instances that enabled communication. If these instances were not immediately connected but rather spatially separated from one another ‐ as in
the case of gravitation, magnetism or electricity ‐ then there had to be a medium to ensure both the transmission of the force and the causal connection. Although the mediation of the medium took place in an inexplicable way, it seemed to explain one process or another by its mere introduction.
The epistemological foundations of communicability ‐ those with which Leibniz, Clarke and Newton were attempting to come to terms ‐ remain relevant to the descriptive language with which we depict our present and its technological condition. Without duration there is no mediation
but rather immediacy and simultaneity. Immediacy means that the necessary separation between the two events, the abyss of communication, is negated. Immediacies, like instantaneous actions at a distance, presuppose the difference they are deemed to eradicate.
Presentación de los Directores
Authors: Santos Pérez José Manuel , Beçak Rubens
Published: September 2021

Presentación de los Directores. Texto de presentación del número 16 (volumen 8) de la Revista de Estudios Brasileños.
Potencial efectividad económica de los Pagos por Servicios Ambientales en un área protegida en el estado de Amazonas (Brasil)
Authors: Dos Santos Pereira Henrique , Rodrigues Lustosa de Camargo Thaísa , Pedroza da Silva Suzy Cristina , Gomes Pereira da Silva Romero , Hiroo Saito Carlos , Rosa Cabral Ana Isabel , Laques Anne-Elisabeth
Published: September 2021

La implementación de esquemas de pago por servicios ambientales (PSA) en áreas públicas protegidas plantea varias preguntas en los ámbitos económico, social y ambiental. En este documento, analizamos el caso del Programa Bolsa Floresta (PBF) de Brasil, establecido en las Unidades de Conservación de la Naturaleza del estado de Amazonas y considerado uno de los programas más grandes del mundo en términos de área de cobertura. Primero, verificamos si el programa realmente cumple con los requisitos de un PSA típico: condicionalidad, adicionalidad y voluntariedad. En segundo lugar, buscamos evaluar los dos requisitos clave para que un PSA funcione bien: efectividad económica y sostenibilidad ecológica. Al estudiar el caso de la Reserva de Desarrollo Sostenible de Uatumã, determinamos que los pagos realizados no cubren los costos de oportunidad del proveedor-receptor, lo que resulta en la no entrega de los servicios ambientales contratados. El área total de bosque secundario (SF) disponible para ser incorporada en sucesivos ciclos de cultivo puede no ser lo suficientemente grande como para permitir períodos de barbecho de una duración lo suficientemente larga para que la fertilidad del suelo se recupere completamente. La intensificación de las actividades agrícolas en las áreas de SF puede conducir a una degradación del sistema agrícola tradicional y la consecuente pérdida de los servicios ecosistémicos que este sistema puede proporcionar potencialmente. En resumen, estos impactos negativos indican que, al menos en el DEG de Uatumã, el BFP podría no ser efectivo a medio o largo plazo.
Archeosophy and experimental metaphysics of Palamidessi
Authors: Corradetti Daniele
Published: September 2021

The centre of the reflections of Tommaso Palamidessi (1915 1983), starting from the first writings of the 1940’s, is the providing of the spiritual techniques capable of carrying forward the study of the metaphysical reality to anexperimental plane. The f ull realization of his “experimental metaphysics” is constituted by Archeosophy, understood as the experimental way, presented by him in 1968 and developed in the following years. The concrete basis of every supersensible experimentation for Palamidessi is the awakening of those which are the centres of force, identified with the “spiritual senses” of the Fathers of Church, which as such allow the superior worlds to be rendered sensible. In the thought of Palamidessi therefore the possibility of an experimental metaphysics and of a spiritual practice become implementable once the techniques of awakening and of the development of these subtle centres are provided.While taking into account the thematic vastness of the various “asceses” proposed by Archeosophy, with the relative methods, experiments and exercises, in this study we synthetically present three orders of spiritual practices suggested by Palamidessi in his writings, and widely diffused among Archeosophers: the meditation on the centres of force, the spiritual exercises with the “rite of the eucharistia lucernaris ” and the Cardiognosis with the “prayer to the Sapience".
THE FAMILY AGREEMENT
Authors: Ambrosino Raffaele
Published: September 2021

The family pact introduced in the civil code by Law n. 55 of 2006 is an institution (expressly) derogating from the ordinary rules of the necessary succession, objectively and subjectively qualified and characterized by a very specific purpose consisting in ensuring the integrity and stability of a company compendium on theoccasion of an intra-family transmission deed of the same.With the positivization of the institute, the legislator intended to balance the need to protect the rights of the legitimates of an entrepreneur on the one hand and the need to avoid the disintegration of the business complex following the establishment of the state of hereditary communion on the other. the same, with the intention of safeguarding the productivity of the company and the related super-individual interests that arise from it.
How to Prevent and Eradicate the “Kuluna” Phenomenon? A Christian Perspective in Social Work and City Governance.
Authors: Moleka Pitshou
Published: September 2021

The
kulunaphenomenon is a social pathology having many causal factors in multidimensional systems such as the microsystem and the macrosystem. So the changing process requires first the prevention by elaborating a public policy with a multisector impact. But many times reaction is applied instead of preventing to avoid gangsters among young in the city of Kinshasa by the public managers. In this article, we give some prerequisites for the elaboration of a multisector public policy and the praxis, concerning legal authorities and the Christian social workers through the churches and other Christian social organizations which are called to work in the sense of a contextual mission, and deal with spiritually in addition to the psycho-sociological questions. The findings of this research show evidence in the hyper military environment of Kinshasa city and the Kuluna phenomenon. Demilitarization of the city is imperative.
Comparative Safety of Endoscopic vs Radiological Gastrostomy Tube Placement: Outcomes From a Large, Nationwide Veterans Affairs Database
Authors: Kohli Divyanshoo R. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Desai Madhav , Sharma Prateek
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:

A gastrostomy is generally performed in patients who are unable to maintain volitional intake of food. We compared outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and interventional radiologist–guided gastrostomy (IRG) using an integrated nationwide database.

METHODS:

Using the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure database, patients who underwent PEG or IRG from 2011 through 2021 were selected using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases codes. The primary outcome was the comparative incidence of adverse events between PEG and IRG. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality. Comorbidities were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes, and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for adverse events were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 23,566 (70.7 ± 10.2 years) patients underwent PEG and 9,715 (69.6 ± 9.7 years) underwent IRG. Selected frequent indications for PEG vs IRG were as follows: stroke, 6.8% vs 5.3%, P < 0.01; aspiration pneumonia, 10.9% vs 6.8%, P < 0.001; feeding difficulties, 9.8% vs 6.3%, P < 0.01; and upper aerodigestive tract malignancies 58.8% vs 79.8%, P < 0.01. Across all subtypes of malignancies of the head and neck and foregut, the proportion of patients undergoing IRG was greater than those undergoing PEG (P < 0.001). The all-cause 30-day mortality and overall incidence of adverse events were significantly lower for PEG compared with those for IRG (PEG vs IRG): all-cause 30-day mortality, 9.35% vs 10.3% (OR 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.87; P < 0.01); perforation of the colon, 0.12% vs 0.24% (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.29–0.86; P = 0.04); peritonitis, 1.9% vs 2.7% (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.58–0.79; P < 0.01); and hemorrhage 1.6% vs 1% (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.18–1.83; P < 0.01).

DISCUSSION:

In a large nationwide database of more than 33,000 gastrostomy procedures, PEG was associated with a lower incidence of adverse outcomes and the 30-day mortality than IRG.
The Protection Conferred by HSD17B13 rs72613567 Polymorphism on Risk of Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis May Be Limited to Selected Subgroups of Patients With NAFLD
Authors: Vilar-Gomez Eduardo , Pirola Carlos J. , Sookoian Silvia , Wilson Laura A. , Liang Tiebing , Chalasani Naga
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Our study aimed to explore how PNPLA3 rs738409 or phenotypic risk factors may moderate the relationship between HSD17B13 rs72613567 and risk of steatohepatitis and fibrosis.

METHODS:

This analysis consisted of 1,153 non-Hispanic whites with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease enrolled in the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network studies. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease severity was determined by liver histology scored centrally according to the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network criteria. Moderation and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the influence of moderators (PNPLA3 rs738409, age, sex, body mass index, and diabetes) on the relationship between HSD17B13 rs72613567 and risk of steatohepatitis and fibrosis.

RESULTS:

HSD17B13 rs72613567 genotype frequency was as follows: (−/−), 64%; (−/A), 30%; (A/A), 6%. Moderation analysis showed that the protective effect of HSD17B13 rs72613567 A-allele on risk of steatohepatitis remained only significant among patients with PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype CC (β coeff: −0.19, P = 0.019), women (β coeff: −0.18, P < 0.001), patients of age ≥ 45 years (β coeff: −0.18, P < 0.001), patients with body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2 (β coeff: −0.17, P < 0.001), and patients with diabetes (β coeff: −0.18, P = 0.020). Among women, the protective effect of HSD17B131 rs72613567 A-allele on risk of steatohepatitis was stronger in those aged ≥ 51 years. Logistic regression-based sensitivity analysis including various important subgroups confirmed our observations.

DISCUSSION:

The protection conferred by HSD17B13 rs72613567 A-allele on risk of steatohepatitis and fibrosis may be limited to selected subgroups of individuals who are aged ≥ 45 years, women and have class ≥ 2 obesity or diabetes, and those with PNPLA3 rs738409 CC genotype.
Key opportunities and challenges for the use of big data in migration research and policy
Authors: Franklinos Lydia , Parrish Rebecca , Burns Rachel , Caflisch Andrea , Mallick Bishawjit , Rahman Taifur , Routsis Vasileios , Sebastián López Ana , Tatem Andrew , Trigwell Robert
Published: September 2021

Migration is one of the defining issues of the 21st century. Better data is required to improve understanding about how and why people are moving, target interventions and support evidence-based migration policy. Big data, defined as large, complex data from diverse sources, has been proposed as a solution to help address current gaps in knowledge. The authors participated in a workshop held in London, UK, in July 2019, that brought together experts from the UN, humanitarian NGOs, policy and academia to develop a better understanding of how big data could be used for migration research and policy. We identified six key areas regarding the application of big data in migration research and policy: accessing and utilising data; integrating data sources and knowledge; understanding environmental drivers of migration; improving healthcare access for migrant populations; ethical and security concerns; and addressing political narratives. We advocate the need for increased cross-disciplinary collaborations to advance the use of big data in migration research whilst safeguarding vulnerable migrant communities.
"Es gibt da einen Vertreter, der mir nicht gehorcht."
Authors: Roth Michel
Published: September 2021

Michel Roth widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, inwiefern die in den 1950er-Jahren unter anderem durch John Cage in die musikalische Praxis eingeführte Kontingenz und Prozessualität zu Spiel-ähnlichen Organisationsformen führt, die auch mit zeitgenössischen Mitteln der Spieltheorie und der Kybernetik beschrieben werden können. Insbesondere fokussiert sich der Beitrag dann auf die Fragestellung, ob die dabei postulierte »Emanzipation des Spielers« auch die Möglichkeit des »Spielverderbers«, also den künstlerisch motivierten Regelbruch oder die Nicht-Kooperation einschloss. Dies wird mit Beispielen von Vinko Globokar, John Zorn oder der Gruppe »Selten gehörte Musik« diskutiert und Tendenzen im gegenwärtigen Musikschaffen gegenübergestellt (Seidl, Saunders, Roth).
Konfliktlandschaften des Südsudan
Authors: Pospisil Jan
Published: September 2021

Nach einem jahrzehntelangen Bürgerkrieg erlangt die Republik Südsudan am 9. Juli 2011 ihre Unabhängigkeit. Doch trotz aller Bemühungen um einen friedlichen Staatsaufbau nimmt die erste Dekade der Eigenstaatlichkeit einen gewaltsamen Verlauf: Im Dezember 2013 schlittert der Südsudan in einen blutig geführten Bürgerkrieg, der sich nicht als einheitlicher Konflikt mit klar definierbaren Parteien, sondern zu einem Amalgam komplex verschachtelter Konfliktlandschaften entwickelt. In analytischen Vignetten, die verschiedene Regionen sowie die nationale und internationale Dimension des Bürgerkrieges untersuchen, gibt Jan Pospisil einen Einblick in die südsudanesische Konfliktrealität.
The Social Engagement to Agricultural Issues using Social Network Analysis
Authors: Widiyanti Tanty Yanuar , Adji Teguh Bharata , Hidayah Indriana
Published: September 2021

Twitter is one of the micro-blogging social media which emphasizes the speed of communication. In the 4.0 era, the government also promotes the distribution of information through social media to reach the community from various lines.  In previous research, Social Network Analysis was used to see the relationship between actors in a work environment, or as a basis for identifying the application of technology adoption in decision making, whereas no one has used SNA to see trends in people's response to agricultural information. This study aims to see the extent to which information about agriculture reaches the community, as well as to see the community's response to take part in agricultural development.  This article also shows the actors who took part in disseminating information. Data was taken on November 13 to 20, 2020 from the Drone Emprit Academic, and was taken limited to 3000 nodes. Then, the measurements of the SNA are represented on the values of Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, Closeness Centrality, and Eigenvector Centrality. @AdrianiLaksmi has the highest value in Eigenvector Centrality and Degree Centrality, he has the greatest role in disseminating information and has many followers among other accounts that spread the same information. While the @RamliRizal account ranks the highest in Betweenness Centrality, who has the most frequently referred information, and the highest Closeness Centrality is owned by the @baigmac account because of the fastest to re-tweet the first information.
Information System for Monitoring High-Risk Pregnant Women
Authors: Wilda Anisa Nurul , Fitriyati Yasmini , Muhimmah Izzati
Published: September 2021

Maternal mortality rates are still high in several areas, including Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Based on the data obtained from the Bantul District Health Office, from 2018 to 2019, 28 pregnant women died. Posyandu and Puskesmas cadres often encounter problems in collecting data on pregnant women because they still use manual methods. Manual records using books has disadvantages because sometimes pregnant women forget to bring their books. Therefore, an application for recording pregnancy history is needed to enable convenient monitoring by Posyandu cadres, Puskesmas, doctors, and hospitals in order that pregnant women patients can be handled properly in case of emergency. The application used by pregnant women is Mobile App-based, meanwhile, the Web-based Monitoring Information System is used by Posyandu cadres, Puskesmas, doctors, and hospitals. The application allows displaying the medical history and makes it easier for pregnant women to have counseling or examinations without meeting directly with the doctor. If there are any problems in the womb, the doctor will immediately provide a solution or recommendation. The results of the system testing with 15 respondents as users show that 52,1% strongly agree, 37,7% agree, and 10,2% neutral in response to the system interface. The implementation of the information system for monitoring high-risk pregnant women in the majority is accepted by all actors. Hence, it can be concluded that in an attempt to digitalize manual recording of pregnant women's examinations, this information system for monitoring high-risk pregnant women is reliable to be implemented.
On Waiting Willfully in Urban Uganda: Toward an Anthropology of Pace
Authors: Eisenstein Anna
Published: September 2021

Women in Uganda strategically time their entry into married motherhood in relation to others with whom they want to be connected. Although much of the burgeoning literature on “waithood” laments global youth’s delayed entry into social adulthood, I show that women in urban Uganda intentionally pause, slowing down their movement through the life course to cultivate networks of interdependence that will propel them not only forward through the life course but also upward socioeconomically. The logics and practices by which they pace themselves point beyond a neoliberal conception of time and agency, instead highlighting the heightened importance of divine connections and social coordination under increasingly capitalist and urban conditions. The lens of pace helps bring into view the situated, multilayered, relational projects of moving through life with others.

EKIHANDIIKO OMUBUGUFU

Abakazi omuri Uganda nibetebekanisiza gye obwiire bw’okutaaha omubushweere n’obuzaire waaba n’ogyeragyeranisa naabo abubarikweenda kwegaita/kuba nabo. N’obu ebihaandiiko ebirikweyongyera kukanya ebirikukwaata aha bunyeeto biraabe nibyooreka okutoonzya ahabw’eminyeeto kukyerererwa kukura, ninyoreka ngu abakazi omumyaanya ekurakureine omuri Uganda nibariindaho bakigyendereire, bakyeendeeza ahamigyendere omumituurire yaabo kwenda ngu babaase kwombeka emikago y’okuhweerahweerana etarikubayaamba kwongyera kubutuura emituurire yaabo kwonka kureka na n’okwongyera kubatunguura omubyentaatsya. Enteekateeka hamwe n’emitwaarize eyibarikutwaazamu n’ehingura ahanyetegyereza y’obweire hamwe n’obugabe bw’okwehitsyaho ebyetaago eya abakurakureine, beitu byongyera kumurika ekyetaago kihaango ky’okumanya ebyenyikiriza hamwe n’okutuuragye n’abaantu omumbeera z’obushuubuzi hamwe n’entunguuka ebiriyo nibikanya. Ekitangaazo ky’emitwarize nikiyaamba kureeba omubury’obuhikire, entebekanisa zitarikushushwana z’okubaasa kutuuragye nabaandi.
Comparison of the histogram of oriented gradient, GLCM, and shape feature extraction methods for breast cancer classification using SVM
Authors: Mu'jizah Hanimatim , Novitasari Dian Candra Rini
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer originates from the ducts or lobules of the breast and is the second leading cause of death after cervical cancer. Therefore, early breast cancer screening is required, one of which is mammography. Mammography images can be automatically identified using Computer-Aided Diagnosis by leveraging machine learning classifications. This study analyzes the Support Vector Machine (SVM) in classifying breast cancer. It compares the performance of three features extraction methods used in SVM, namely Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG), GLCM, and shape feature extraction. The dataset consists of 320 mammogram image data from MIAS containing 203 normal images and 117 abnormal images. Each extraction method used three kernels, namely Linear, Gaussian, and Polynomial. The shape feature extraction-SVM using Linear kernel shows the best performance with an accuracy of 98.44 %, sensitivity of 100 %, and specificity of 97.50 %.
Implementing a non-local means method to CTA data of aortic dissection
Authors: Fitria Maya , Morariu Cosmin Adrian , Pauli Josef , Adriman Ramzi
Published: September 2021

It is necessary to conserve important information, like edges, details, and textures, in CT aortic dissection images, as this helps the radiologist examine and diagnose the disease. Hence, a less noisy image is required to support medical experts in performing better diagnoses. In this work, the non-local means (NLM) method is conducted to minimize the noise in CT images of aortic dissection patients as a preprocessing step to produce accurate aortic segmentation results. The method is implemented in an existing segmentation system using six different kernel functions, and the evaluation is done by assessing DSC, precision, and recall of segmentation results. Furthermore, the visual quality of denoised images is also taken into account to be determined. Besides, a comparative analysis between NLM and other denoising methods is done in this experiment. The results showed that NLM yields encouraging segmentation results, even though the visualization of denoised images is unacceptable. Applying the NLM algorithm with the flat function provides the highest DSC, precision, and recall values of 0.937101, 0.954835, and 0.920517 consecutively.
“The shifting patterns of customary marriage and gender relations in post-conflict northern Uganda.”
Authors: Mary Ejang
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the transformations in the customary marriage processes, practices and gender relations among Lango in northern Uganda. The paper takes a qualitative approach using generational in-depth interviews with participants in the sub-counties of Lira and Ogur, Lira district northern Uganda. The findings indicate that marriage was a highly respected institution in Lango culture accomplished by the payment of bride wealth called ‘lim nyom’ but greatly transformed over time from material to monetary demand. The traditional marriage process was punctuated by eight designated sequential events and installment payment of the bride-wealth. However, this paper underlines that Lango customary marriage (‘Nyom tekwaro Lango’) has changed over time due to the rapid social, economic, cultural and traditional changes to match the socio-economic and ideological realities dictated by the globalization process. Core among the factors that have influenced and undermined Lango customary marriage is borrowing the alien value system to suit the contemporary social and economic changes. This paper argues that whereas it is important to adopt the new marriage principles and practices, the shift affects gender relations and thus it is worth retaining the significant valuable customary practices that knit family and community members.
The role of federalism in European integration in the context of contemporary multifaceted challenges
Authors: Tzagkarakis Stylianos Ioannis
Published: September 2021

Federalism is a theory which has largely affected the European integration process and it remains important today. From the financial crisis and the requests for the creation either of Eurobonds or of a unified banking sector, to the current health crisis and the request for a common health policy approach and a common recovery mechanism for the elimination of the negative economic and social consequences of the pandemic, the theoretical and empirical discussion about the direction that European integration should follow are yet active. In this essay we will firstly outline some basic aspects of the theory of federalism as well as a brief comparison with other theories and secondly, we conduct an analysis on the contemporary importance of federalism. Accordingly, an evaluation of the theory with real examples-challenges offers lucrative ground in order to reach some tentative conclusions on the current and future role of federalism to the European integration process.
Status of Service Delivery System of Bangladesh Railway: An Empirical Study
Authors: Nishat Abu Jakaria , Mukharjee Shanjay Kumar , Victorovna Avakova Olga
Published: September 2021

The Bangladeshi Railway was given the name after the country gained independence in 1971. Even so, it had a history dating more than a century before that. By the turn of the century, it had just about 37 diesel-hydraulic and 231 diesel- electric locomotives. These ran about 100 coaches and 10900 freight wagons. This number has presently increased and it serves in a network of broad-gauges, dual-gauge and meter-gauge in around 440 railway stations. The public sector runs various transport modes like the Biman Bangladesh Airline, taxis, ferries, buses and other means that move freight around and out of Bangladesh. With a capacity to transport more than 60% of freight around Bangladesh, the public sector transport quite overshadows the BR, which suffers a number of challenges that cripple it to date. These challenges range in nature from lack of sufficient funds to operate the railway, to a poor railway network, part of which may be attributed to the Indo-Pakistan War that ground the services to a halt back between the 1960s and 1970s. Moreover, ongoing, coronavirus pandemic is proving to be another challenge that has grounded the normal operations at BR. The research has been conducted by a field survey using a structural and semi-structural questionnaires and face-to-face interview. A set of (---) questionnaires were given to (----) stakeholder at various levels at almost all the junctions in Mymensingh to observe the practical service delivery experiences of the railway sector. Over the survey a plethora of experiences have been gained which is givens as findings in this article and we have given some recommendations which will make this sector stronger.
Applying 5E teaching model in recognizing regular polygons and rotations with the help of GeoGebra software
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Giang
Published: September 2021

The 5E teaching model is a teaching model that gives students positive motivation. The 5E teaching model was proposed by Rodger W. Bybee and colleagues while working in the educational organization "Research on the curriculum framework for biology" in Colorado, the USA in 1987. The model is built based on the constructivist theory of learning, knowledge is formed through the experience and practice of learners. 5E stands for 5 words: Engagement - Exploration - Explanation - Elaboration - Evaluation, representing the five steps of the 5E teaching process. Our study aims to apply the 5E teaching model in regular polygon recognition and rotation with the help of GeoGebra software. With the theoretical research method and the experimental method for 102 students, including 52 students in the experimental class and 50 students in the control class, the study has shown that students who learn according to the 5E teaching model have better results than students who do not study this model. In addition, the research results also show that the 5E teaching model with the support of GeoGebra software in teaching regular polygon and rotation recognition has many advantages, developing learners' capacity and quality. Learners show much more interest and excitement than traditional teaching. Students develop their self-study and self-discovery abilities. The findings from the research results applying the 5E model are of great significance to teaching today.
Exploitation and Administration of Disasters
Authors: KARAMAN Zerrın Toprak
Published: September 2021

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The Role of Ethnobiology in Responding to Current Problems in the Management of Biological Resources and Ecosystems in Indonesia
Authors: Purwanto Yohanes
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Ethnobiology is defined as the scientific study of the cultural knowledge possessed by various communities. It is also related to the techniques used in the management of biological resources, and the position of those communities in their cosmic cultural vision. This study discusses the role of development and perspectives of ethnobiology in Indonesia for managing the diversity of biological resources and their ecosystems sustainably. The results of ethnobiological studies can describe the problems, potentials, and opportunities to develop the diversity of biological natural resources and their ecosystems as a source of life for the community in a sustainable manner. The current problems faced in the management of biological resources are socio-culture, limitations and disregard for science and technology, weak institutions, inability to arrange spatial planning, inaccurate determination of development priorities, misperceptions and misconception about biodiversity, policy fragmentation and inability to manage biological resources, enforcement of certification, and climate change. Therefore, ethnobiological studies must be able to reveal the benefits and potentials of biological resources and their ecosystem and provide a foundation for the management and advancement of biodiversity sustainably to increase national prosperity and development.

 

Keywords: Ethnobiology, Biodiversity, Management, Sustainability
Hyperbole: A Pragmatic Perspective
Authors: Saffah Mariam
Published: September 2021

Unlike most previous studies which investigate hyperbole in literary contexts, the present review tries to portray it as an interactional pragmatic phenomenon occurring in everyday conversations. The listener’s awareness that there is a difference between what is said and what is meant is essential for the recognition of hyperbole. Therefore, context is crucial for interpreting hyperbolic utterances. As a pragmatic notion, hyperbole has not been given its due attention. Hence, this review attempts to bridge this gap in the literature through answering the following questions: What are the functions, types, and forms of hyperbole? What is the relationship between hyperbole and other notions such as irony? And how it can be used as persuasive device?
Studies used TAM Framework as a guideline for the research: Literature Review
Authors: Alharbi Omran , Alsheehri Nada
Published: September 2021

Several researchers have adopted theoretical framework such as Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in order to gent in depth information about the phenomenon that under investigation. This literature review will focus on the papers that adopted TAM framework in their studies in order to understanding which are the most factors that affected behavioral intention to use technology by users. The results of this literature review find out that Perceived Eas of Use and Perceived Usefulness are the most elements that influenced the behavioral intention to use technology.
Psychometric Properties of Object Relation Scale: Factor Structure and Relationship to Mental Health
Authors: Uji Masayo , Kawaguchi Makiko
Published: September 2021

Background: Object Relations Scale (ORS: Iume, Hirai, Aoki & Baba, 2006) was developed for accessing an individual’s object relation pattern. It consists of five domains: Insufficiency of Intimacy, Superficiality in Interpersonal Relations, Egoistic Manipulation, Excessive Need for Identification, and Abandonment Anxiety. However, its factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is still undetermined.

Purpose: This study aims at evaluating the psychometric properties of ORS, in particular, confirming its factor structure using CFA, and examining the relationship of object relation maturity, to mental health as well as to psychological distress.

Methods: The subjects of this study were 547 medical college students in Japan. CFA were conducted in order to determine the best fit model. The relationships of maturity level of one’s object relation pattern to his/her mental health as well as psychological distresses were examined by t-tests.

Results: A four-factor model, a modified version of the original five-factor model showed the best fit. Among the four factors, three were those included in the original model. They were Insufficiency of Intimacy, Superficiality in Interpersonal Relations, and Abandonment Anxiety. The last factor consisted of items originally included in the remaining two factors, Egotistic Manipulation and Excessive Need for Identification. Each ORS subscale score positively correlated with that of mental health problems as well as those of psychological distresses of one or more domains at significant levels.

Conclusion: The four-factor model, which does not necessarily negate the original five-factor model proposed by Iume et al., showed the best fit. Immaturity and instability in object relation relationship contributed to a variety of distresses as well as poor mental health.
Use of agro-industrial residues for lipase production by Candida viswanathii in a solid-state cultivation system
Authors: Martins Lima Alanna Cristinne , Moitinho Dos Santos Camila , Leandro Dos Santos Iara , Thaís Alves de Bastos Lunara , Carvalho dos Santos Annanda , Coutinho de Paula Elias Fabrício , Fernando de Almeida Alex
Published: September 2021

Lipases are an important group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol and there are many industrial applications. The aim of this work was to produce the lipase by the yeast Candida viswanathii using solid state culture with agro-industrial wastes (barley bagasse, corn husk, corncob, soybean seed coat and soybean husk). The biomass pretreatment methods were evaluated, as well as the media supplementation with nitrogen and mixing substrates. Also, the efficiency of olive oil and poultry fat was evaluated on the induction of lipase production, followed by the scale-up from 20 g to 100 g. The enzyme activities in the cultures without pretreatement were higher when soybean seed coat supplemented with both olive oil (7.06 U/gss) and poultry fat (8.40 U/gss) were used. However, the pretreated substrates did not demonstrate a satisfying induction of lipolytic activity. From the nitrogen sources, yeast extract showed an increase of approximately twice the original production with both olive oil (18.12 U/gss) and poultry fat (15.98 U/gss) supplementation. On the scale-up step, the results demonstrated that, for the 20 g culture, the best lipase production was observed on the 7th day (33.52 U/gss), while for the 100 g culture the highest lipase activity was after 5 days (17.88 U/gss). The cultivation of ground soybean skin without pretreatment supplemented with yeast extract as a source of nitrogen, with fresh barley bagasse and poultry fat was the best combination.