bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIRTUAL CHARACTERS CREATED WITH THE HELP OF CHATBOTS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE VALUE-HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: SOKOLOVA Marianne
Published: January 2025

The article examines how virtual characters created using chatbots based on generative artificial intelligence can influence the perception of history and the construction of historical memory. The media role of such personalized chatbots in social networks is considered. The possibility of the destructive influence on the values and foundations of historical consciousness is shown. It shows how the chatbot creators' installations, technological features and technical failures can affect the search results and cause a negative attitude of the Internet audience.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK VOLUME IMPLEMENTED IN CONTRACTING FACILITIES
Authors: HOLUBAVA Olga
Published: January 2025

The publication reflects the experience of applying the methodology for assessing the earned value of projects. It is concluded that a scientifically based project management system, including monitoring the earned value, can improve the efficiency of project implementation. The article examines the results of the activities of a contracting organization providing housing construction in Minsk (Republic of Belarus). It is revealed that a systemic problem is the violation of construction deadlines and costs. At the same time, strict cost control leads to the fact that cost deviations do not exceed 2%, and deadline deviations are more than 20%. A conclusion is made about the need to use a comprehensive indicator for assessing the earned value, ensuring monitoring not only the construction cost indicator, but also non-cost indicators: the number of works, their labor intensity and construction period. Using a specific construction project as an example, the progress of contract work is analyzed. The advantages of assessing the earned value of contract work are clearly demonstrated, taking into account a comprehensive assessment of the number of works, their cost, and construction periods. A calculation is made of the reduction in the efficiency of construction activities with an increase in construction periods. The author's scientific contribution consists in developing a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the developed volume of contract work. The methodology allows not only to monitor the construction progress, identify deviations from the work schedule, but also to assess the magnitude of emerging deviations, the degree of their impact on the project completion indicators. The results are recommended to be used to improve the construction project management system, develop documented procedures, and monitor the performance of contract work.
THE DIRECTION OF DEMOCRACIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Bertoni Liliana , Accioly Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

The aim of this article is to address the state of democracies in this period of transition that has been taking place since the beginning of the 21st century, accompanied by major changes in all areas, not only in the behavior of states, but also in society. We will analyze the importance of transparency for strengthening modern democracies, especially in Latin American and European Union democracies, as well as respect for the rule of law, which have been somewhat influenced by the rise of populism on both continents. With a critical eye, we will examine the emergence of a new democratic order, with repercussions that could transform concepts that were taken for granted more than seven decades ago.
THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE AND ITS ROLE IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE MERCOSUR DEMOCRACIES: history and current challenges
Authors: Irigoitia Guillermo , Rivas Rodolfo
Published: January 2025

We often talk about respect for democratic institutions as a prerequisite for existence or participation in regional integration processes, we take democracy for granted as an axiom in our society. Though, this has not always been the constant, it occurred through conquests in complex scenarios where integration processes such as MERCOSUR, even before its official incorporation, have developed a key role in the democratizing wave of the second half of the 20th century in South America, from the example of the European Union. This work aims to vary the predominant approach that presumes or presupposes democratic institutions as a premise for subsequent integration, contemplating integration itself, from a historical and geopolitical point of view, as an important catalyst element in the advent of current freedoms. Also exploring the current and upcoming challenges in this regard.
LIMITS ON POLITICAL RE-ELECTION AND ITS IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNANCE
Authors: Gaona Dulce María , Pérez Jorge , Molina Luz
Published: January 2025

The article analyses the impact of municipal re-election on local governance, comparing the experience of Mexico with that of European countries such as France and Spain. It focuses on the effects of the 2014 political-electoral reform in Mexico, which allowed the consecutive re-election of mayors, contrasting it with the benefits and challenges of indefinite re-election in Europe. The main objective is to examine how limits on re-election affect administrative stability, efficiency, and accountability in local governance. It seeks to identify international practices that can be adapted to the Mexican context. The research uses a qualitative-comparative approach, combining case analysis and review of historical data. The impacts of the prohibition of re-election in Mexico are evaluated and compared with the results obtained in Europe, highlighting successful models and areas of opportunity. It concludes that re-election can be a powerful instrument to promote continuity and administrative stability, but requires mechanisms of transparency, accountability, and robust supervision to avoid clientelist practices. In Mexico, the implementation of international best practices could strengthen local governance without compromising political renewal.
MICROSEGMENTATION AND MANIPULATION. THE URGENT REGULATION OF AI IN ELECTION CAMPAIGNS TO PROTECT VOTER AUTONOMY
Authors: Carvajal Evelyn , Graniel Abed , Mata Valeria
Published: January 2025

Citizen participation in political election is a daily practice around the world, however, when the electorate goes to the polls and “makes a decision” it has already been influenced by the use of information or disinformation campaigns created by Artificial Intelligence, that have used their sensitive information collected through social networks and designed in a precise way to be able to influence the result of that final decision. Therefore, it is important to reflect of the autonomy of voters regarding the use of AI in electoral campaigns and the limits on the use of these technologies, giving people the freedom to choose. This work exposes the use of Artificial Intelligence to the detriment of citizen participation in an autonomous manner, making use of documentary analysis and comparing the actions that have been carried out in different latitudes to alleviate the manipulation of voters through social networks. As a hypothesis, it was proposed that voters who use social networks are at the mercy of the indiscriminate use of their personal data and consequently are targets of manipulation through fake news and deepfake orchestrated through electoral campaigns. Then the use of these tools to influence the decision of the electorate, undermining their autonomy, requires adequate regulation such as microsegmentation during electoral processes. Among the findings, the lack of knowledge of the issue among voters and a distrust on electoral organizations and institutions stands out, as a proposed solution, promoting digital literacy connected to democracy.
O PROFESSOR NA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: Sousa Telma Bete de , Almeida Fernanda de , Borba Marcia Guaraciara de Souza
Published: January 2025

O artigo remete a reflexões acerca da atuação dos profissionais pedagogos/professores na educação inclusiva; sua importância e seu papel nesse processo educacional. São referenciados elementos do processo da inclusão e os fatores necessários à sua efetividade.  Aos profissionais, é imprescindível a busca pela formação continuada, capacitação e qualificação para que tenha recursos/ferramentas e estratégias inovadoras, assim proporcionando aos alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais, maiores possibilidades de alavancar suas potencialidades. Além de garantir e assegurar seu direito em permanecer em um ambiente igualitário, favorável à promoção de progressos e com planos estratégicos de aprendizado. No Brasil, possui uma constituição de 1988 que garante o acesso à escola, ensino médio e fundamental, para todas as crianças, incluindo as crianças com necessidades especiais. A legislação não possui brechas, porém, muitas escolas se dizem despreparadas para receber esses alunos, e acabam desestimulando os pais com a matrícula de seus filhos. Se for corretamente verificado é passível a adesão, pois a recusa de matrícula é tida no Brasil, como ato discriminatório. Com objetivo de identificar as barreiras físicas, atitudinais e comportamentais que a escola precisa superar, por mais que seja um direito previsto na Constituição as escolas não possuem professores capacitados para ensinar e gerando a exclusão desse grupo. Foi utilizada para a elaboração deste artigo a metodologia de exploração bibliográfica.
ALÉM DOS MAPAS: DESVENDANDO O MUNDO ATRAVÉS DA GEOGRAFIA DA PERCEPÇÃO
Authors: Matos Lucimar Barbosa Pereira
Published: January 2025

O ensino do século XXI vem enfrentando novos desafios e paradigmas para atender as demandas contemporâneas. Nesse contexto, o projeto “Além dos Mapas” surge da necessidade de inovar a formação em Geografia fazendo uma abordagem da Geografia da Percepção com vistas na compreensão crítica do espaço geográfico e na sustentabilidade social e ambiental. Este estudo, enfatiza a importância do incentivo ao protagonismo estudantil a partir de atividades práticas, com a criação de hortas sustentáveis, análise de gêneros textuais, além de usar a rua como “laboratório vivo” e uso de tecnologias nas experiências de sala de aula. A pesquisa é pautada na ação-participativa, o projeto foi desenvolvido na Escola Cidadã Integral Estadual Deputado Carlos Pessoa Filho, Aroeiras-PB, com estudo alinhado as competências da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Conclui-se que a proposta promove uma educação que transcende os mapas tradicionais, capacitando os alunos na compreensão do espaço local e global, enquanto fomenta o pensamento crítico e a responsabilidade socioambiental.
Inferring methane emissions from African livestock by fusing drone, tower, and satellite data
Authors: van Hove Alouette , Aalstad Kristoffer , Lind Vibeke , Arndt Claudia , Odongo Vincent , Ceriani Rodolfo , Fava Francesco , Hulth John , Pirk Norbert
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Considerable uncertainties and unknowns remain in the regional mapping of methane sources, especially in the extensive agricultural areas of Africa. To address this issue, we developed an observing system that estimates methane emission rates by assimilating drone and flux tower observations into an atmospheric dispersion model. In this study, we apply this approach to verify and quantify potential methane sources identified through radiance anomalies observed in hyperspectral satellite data. We compare different methods to estimate emissions from various ruminant livestock species in sub-Saharan Africa, including diverse herds of cattle, goats, and sheep, as well as camels, for which methane emission estimates are particularly sparse. Our estimates, derived from Bayesian inference, align with Tier 2 emission values of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We moreover observe the hypothesized increase in methane emissions following feeding. Our findings suggest that the Bayesian inference method is more robust under non-stationary wind conditions compared to a mass balance approach using drone observations. Furthermore, the Bayesian inference method performs better in quantifying emissions from weaker sources, estimating methane emission rates as low as 100 g h-1. We find a ± 50 % uncertainty in emission rate estimates for these weaker sources, such as sheep and goat herds, which reduces to ± 12 % for stronger sources, like cattle herds emitting 1,000–1,500 g h-1. These promising results demonstrate the potential and efficacy of the Bayesian inference method for source term estimation. Future applications of drone-based Bayesian inference could extend to estimating methane emissions in Africa and other regions from various sources with complex spatiotemporal emission patterns, such as wetlands, landfills, and wastewater disposal sites. The Bayesian observing system could thereby contribute to the validation and improvement of climate models and emission inventories.
Computational Intelligence Approaches for Energy-Aware Microservice-Based SaaS Deployment in a Data Centre
Authors:   , Alzahrani Amal Saleh A
Published: January 2025

A Microservice-based SaaS deployment problem involves efficiently deploying microservices to cloud servers, which significantly increases energy consumption due to higher compute server usage and energy demands of interconnected network devices. In this PhD research, I have developed three approaches to solve this problem: Adaptive Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA), Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimisation (HPSO), and Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO). A comparative study has shown that the adaptive hybrid GA is the most effective, efficient, and scalable for minimising total energy increase, followed by HPSO. In contrast, ACO demonstrated limited scalability and reduced effectiveness and efficiency for larger problem instances.
UAV-Based Remote Sensing and Artificial Intelligence in Precision Agriculture and Biosecurity
Authors:   , Amarasingam Narmilan
Published: January 2025

This thesis explores the integration of drones and artificial intelligence to tackle key challenges in precision agriculture and biosecurity. By developing innovative methodologies, the study enhances crop health monitoring, pest and disease management, and the mapping of invasive plant species. The outcomes include precise chlorophyll estimation, early detection of crop diseases, and effective mapping of invasive species. This work highlights how UAVs and AI can optimise agricultural practices, support sustainable farming, improve biosecurity, and strengthen conservation efforts for better environmental and economic outcomes. The research provides actionable strategies for improving efficiency and decision-making across agricultural and ecological landscapes.
Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Mengajar Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Sina Febbe Trivany , Rohayani Hani
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The goal of this research was to determine the role of the principle in increasing the quality of teaching in the Shekinah Kids Jambi PAUD Unit. This study focuses on teachers who do not have academic qualifications in PAUD or Psychology and face a variety of challenges during the teaching process. This qualitative method involved doing observations as well as in-depth interviews with teachers and principals. In addition, a literature review was undertaken to support the findings. The findings of this study demonstrate that administrators play a crucial role as supervisors and managers in mentoring teachers through frequent training and supervision. The primary challenges encountered by educators are the insufficient comprehension of students' attributes and the employment of tedious instructional techniques. The principle offers assistance via internal and external training, as well as the provision of supportive resources such as educational media. The limited resources and infrastructure impede the learning process. Keywords: Principal's role, teaching quality, PAUD, teacher training Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi peran dari kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kualitas mengajar para guru di Satuan PAUD Sejenis (SPS) Shekinah Kids Jambi. Adapun fokus penelitian ini adalah guru-guru yang tidak mempunyai kualifikasi akademik pada bidang PAUD atau Psikologi, yang mengalami berbagai kesulitan dalam proses pengajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi juga wawancara mendalam dengan guru-guru serta kepala sekolah. Selain itu, studi literatur juga dilakukan untuk mendukung analisis. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini tampak bahwa kepala sekolah memainkan peran penting sebagai supervisor dan manajer dalam membimbing para guru melalui pelatihan dan supervisi berkala. Kendala utama yang dihadapi guru adalah kurangnya pemahaman terkait karakteristik para peserta didik dan penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang monoton. Kepala sekolah memberikan dukungan melalui pelatihan internal dan eksternal, serta penyediaan fasilitas penunjang seperti media pembelajaran. Namun, keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana menghambat proses pembelajaran. Kata kunci: Peran kepala sekolah, kualitas mengajar, PAUD, pelatihan guru.
Soteriologi dalam Sakramen Protestan: Tinjauan Dogmatis HKBP Terhadap Keselamatan
Authors: Tambun Roy Haries Ifraldo
Published: January 2025

Keselamatan merupakan anugerah yang diberikan Allah kepada umat manusia melalui pengorbanan Putra-Nya. Dalam doktrin Protestan, keselamatan tersebut hanya bersumber dari Yesus Kristus. Tidak seorang pun memiliki kemampuan untuk memberikan keselamatan kepada sesamanya. Melalui pendekatan penelitian kualitatif, peneliti melakukan pengkajian terhadap konsep keselamatan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam dan komprehensif. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada analisis konsep keselamatan dalam konteks dua sakramen kudus yang diimplementasikan dalam ajaran Protestan. Berdasarkan hasil telaah literatur yang bersumber dari referensi buku dan jurnal ilmiah, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keselamatan hanya dapat diperoleh melalui Kristus. Setiap individu yang telah menerima anugerah keselamatan tersebut diharapkan dapat mengaktualisasikannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai manifestasi dari identitasnya selaku insan yang telah mengenal dan diselamatkan oleh Yesus Kristus.
Calculation of Phase Composition of Rich Titanium Slag and Ferrotitanium Slag from Processing of Ilmenite Concentrate
Authors:   ERG Research and Engineering Center LLP, NURGALI Nurzhan , ALMAGAMBETOV Maral ,   ERG Research and Engineering Center LLP, SARIYEV Otegen ,   NPJSC «K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University», KELAMANOV Bauyrzhan ,   NPJSC «K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University»
Published: January 2025

The phase structures of slag products of metallurgical processing of Shokash ilmenite
concentrates are considered. New data on the phase structure of the Al2O3-TiO2-CaOSiO2-
MgO five-dimensional system were obtained on the basis of thermodynamic modeling by
the method of «Heatha». Thus, in the Al2O3-SiO2-СaО-MgO and MgO-ТiО2-SiO2-Аl2O3 systems,
three and five new tetrahedra are formed, respectively. The phase compositions of titanium-
containing slags are calculated, which makes it possible to select the optimal areas of
more technologically advanced slags and ferrotitane slags. Data on the phase composition of
slags allow predicting their relative melting temperatures and viscosity, taking into account
data on the melting temperatures of secondary components and their ratios in the elementary
volume. The chronology of changes in relative phase compositions depending on the content
of TiO2 in materials, ranging from 5% to over 75%, is shown.
STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF THE SPREAD OF LARVAL CESTODES WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE KOSTANAY REGION
Authors:   Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University NLC, Aubakirov Marat , Yergazina Assel ,   Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University NLC, Domatskiy Vladimir ,   The State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Issabayev Azamat ,   Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University NLC
Published: January 2025

Helminthic diseases cause great damage to livestock, especially in multi-industry farms in rural areas, where livestock is concentrated in private farmsteads and peasant farms. The article presents the results studies of parenchymatous organs of farm animals at slaughterhouses. The problems of combating parasitic diseases have become particularly relevant, which led us to study the ecological characteristics and distribution of larval cestodes within the territory of the Zhdanov farm in the Kostanay region. Taking into account the literature data that helminthiasis in dogs poses a serious danger not only to animals but also to humans, the means and methods of deworming dogs, frequency, compliance with the rules for disposal of corpses, and the procedure for slaughtering animals were studied. To study the helminth fauna in mogrel dogs of various categories—domestic, herding, and stray—fecal samples were collected. In the examined samples, the infestation rate in the Kostanay district was 8.8%, i.e. out of 45 dogs, 4 were found to be infested with larval and imaginal cestodes. It was established that 35 slaughterhouses for agricultural animals operate in the Kostanay region, ensuring 98% veterinary and sanitary safety across 17 districts and 3 cities. For the purpose of treating dogs against echinococcosis, more than 45.0 thousand doses of tableted anti-cestodes drugs "CesTremForte" produced by the Kazakh Research Veterinary Institute LLP are allocated from the Republican budget annually. The drug "CesTrem Forte" contains 75 mg of the active ingredient Praziquantel per tablet, which is lethal to all developmental stages of cestode parasitizing dogs and cats.
THE USE OF CHLORELLA SUSPENSION IN THE DIET OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:   Water Science and Technology Center LLP, Golodova Irina , Dzhemaledinova Inna ,   M.Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University NPLC, Vasiliyev Nikolay ,   Water Science and Technology Center LLP, Lee Yuliya ,   Water Science and Technology Center LLP
Published: January 2025

The research aimed to explore the potential use of a suspension of Chlorella vulgaris SKO A RKM-0870 strain as a feed supplement for raising Cobb 500 cross broiler chickens.
The study involved two groups of 5500 heads, each made up from seven-day-old chicks according to the principle of analogue pairs. The chicks were kept in flat deck cages. The experiment duration was 33 days (until slaughter). During the experiment, the housing conditions and primary diet specified by the enterprise regulations were maintained. Chickens of the experimental group received suspension in the amount from 5 up to 30 ml/day. Daily rates of 5 and 10 ml/day were provided by automatic waterers in every box. As the suspension volume increased to 20 and 30 ml/day, the concentrated suspension was introduced into the reservoir of the nipple waterers. Flock viability and changes in live weight were monitored by group weighing (4-10 birds) every other day.
Experiment results showed that the percentage of flock viability in the experimental group amounted to 98.2% vs 87.3% in the control group. Improvement was achieved by decrease of culling of young birds on the 4th day of using Chlorella suspension. The average value of live weight in the experimental group on the 37th day was 11.6% higher compared to the control group.
Chlorella suspension as a feed additive increases the economic efficiency of production by reducing the period of growing chickens for 3 days and providing higher percentage of flock viability.
THE USE OF CHLORELLA SUSPENSION TO INCREASE THE FRESHWATER LAKES fodder BASE
Authors:   Water Science and Technology Center LLP, Golodova Irina , Vasiliyev Nikolay ,   Water Science and Technology Center LLP, Khaibullina Anna ,   Water Science and Technology Center LLP, Lee Yuliya ,   Water Science and Technology Center LLP
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the research is the possibility of using a suspension of Chlorella vulgaris SKO A RKM-0870 strain to improve the hydrochemical and hydrobiological parameters of freshwater reservoirs. The study was conducted in 2022-2023 at the natural reservoir of the Kostanay region with an area of 100 hectares, a depth of 2.5 - 3.0 m. A suspension of chlorella with a density of ≥ 25*106 cells/ml was applied in February, May, June at the rate of 25 l/ha of surface. In 2023, the most significant changes in indicators occurred between May and October. The content of ammonium nitrogen decreased by 3.3 mg/dm3. The amount of dissolved oxygen increased by 9.4 mg/dm3. From May to September 2023, there was a relative increase in the number of chlorella in the group of green algae by 10.05%. The presence of chlorella caused intensive reproduction of filter-feeding zooplankton to 234828 specimens/m3 in July, up to 186670 specimens/m3 in August, and up to 152139 specimens/m3 in September. The maximum number of copepods was observed in August - 124333 specimens/m3 (66.61% of the total number), cladocerans - in July - 186158 specimens/m3 (79.27%), rotifers - in August - 60402 specimens/m3 (39.70 %). Compared to 2022, a sharp boost in biomass and period of active reproduction of zooplankton increased the fodder base of freshwater plankton-feeding fish. This allows rational use of freshwater reservoirs in the northern region of Kazakhstan for the intensive development of fisheries.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ADAPTABILITY OF WHEAT VARIETIES OF FOREIGN SELECTION
Authors:   Shakarim State University NJSC, Zakiyeva Araily , Tokenova Akerke ,   Shakarim State University NJSC, Dosmaganbetova Akerke ,   Shakarim State University NJSC, Nesiрkhan Meirzhan ,   Shakarim State University NJSC
Published: January 2025

The article carried out research work to determine the ability of DX4, XY1 wheat varieties of foreign selection to adapt to local natural and climatic conditions in the conditions of the Abay region.
Wheat is a grain crop that plays a key role in the economies of many world countries. Kazakhstan is known as a wheat exporting country in the global market. Wheat plays a crucial role in ensuring the country’s food security. Its high nutritional value has made wheat a valuable grain for humanity.
During the research, phenological observations, structural analysis of products, processing of obtained data, etc. were carried out.
The indicators of the DX4 and XY1 wheat varieties of Chinese selection showed results consistent to the indicators of the standard variety. In particular, the duration of the growing season for the varieties was 92-95 days. The DX4 variety ripens 3 days earlier than the local one. The yield of the varieties was as follows: Ulbinka - 25-35.0 c/ha, DX4 - 38.1 c/ha, XY1 - 35.0 c/ha.
The research methodology requires further study of wheat varieties introduced by the Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry of China, their ability to adapt to the natural and climatic conditions of our region.
Overall, the obtained results are used in further research for a complete and objective assessment of the studied material.
Numerical solution of combined forced and free convective flow in porous curvilinear surfaces in presence of heat absorption/generation
Authors: Maleque Kh. Abdul
Published: January 2025

Numerical solutions for three-dimensional boundary layer mixed natural and forced convection incompressible fluid flow over the curvilinear vertical porous surfaces  is examined in our present study in presence of buoyancy and heat generation/absorption effects. We transform the governing equations that is type of Prandtl thermal boundary layer equations in curvilinear system to a group of dimensionless non-linear ODEs by introducing similarity functions and variable. Missing initial conditions are found by shooting methods and the a group of ODEs is solving by Range-Kutta integration scheme of order six. Considering the different values of suction parameter  and heat absorption parameter , and using MATLAB the Numerical solutions are displayed in graphical form of the profiles of velocities and temperature. Finally, the comparisons of the results highlight the justification of the numerical calculation accepted in the presence study.
Impact of pretreatment solution and temperature on drying of Cornelian cherry
Authors: Uz Serhat , Doymaz Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

Cornus mas L. whose common name is Cornelian cherry, mostly lives in Southern Europe and Southwest Asia naturally. One of the most popular methods for increasing food stability is drying, which lowers water activity, minimizes physical and chemical alterations, and lowers microbiological activity while materials are being stored. The effective moisture diffusivity (Deff), activation energy (Ea), drying time, and drying rate were examined in relation to different drying temperatures. Pretreated (Sod. Hyd. and Potas) / untreated (Control) Cornelian cherry samples were dried at three different temperatures (55, 65, and 75 °C). Results of study presented that the drying behaviours of Cornelian cherries are affected by using pretreatment solution and change of air temperature. Six well-known mathematical models in the literature for thin layer drying processes were applied to the experimental moisture ratio values of Cornelian cherries. Regression analysis has demonstrated that the Midilli & Küçük model, which has the highest R2 value and the lowest RMSE and X2 values, is the best appropriate model to explain the drying behaviour. Fick's second law was used to calculate the Deff values. The calculated Deff values from 1.29x10-10 m2/s as a function of temperature increased by 5.47x10-10 m2/s. The Ea values are of 50.74 kJ/mol, 42.07 kJ/mol and 38.88 kJ/mol for in order of Control, Sod. Hyd. and Potas samples.
Insights into two-dimensional hydromagnetic flow in porous and non-porous media: Horizontal channel behaviour with COMSOL Multiphysics
Authors: Ahmed Sahin , Hazarika Silpi
Published: January 2025

The novelty of this study is highlighted by its innovative exploration of two-dimensional hydro-magnetic flow in a horizontal channel, focusing on the interaction between porous and non-porous media under magnetic influence. Utilizing the finite element method within COMSOL Multiphysics, the research aims to explore how fluid behaviour is affected by the presence of porous materials and magnetic fields. The simulations reveal significant insights, such as the op-timal stability achieved with a finely meshed grid and grid-independent analysis. This work not only en-hances the understanding of magnetohydrodynamic processes but also opens up new avenues for practical applications in fields where controlling fluid flow in porous media is critical. Notably, the study finds that higher Eckert numbers correlate with lower Nusselt numbers, while higher Prandtl numbers enhance heat transfer rates from high-temperature surfaces. Addi-tionally, the analysis shows that Forchheimer and magnetic drag forces reduce skin friction on the bot-tom surface, with distinct patterns observed on the top surface. The COMSOL Multiphysics approach ef-fectively captures flow and temperature dynamics, of-fering valuable implications for the design of heat ex-changer devices.
The effect of using wheat species on the quality and sensory properties of rice pudding
Authors: Yesilyurt Sagdic B. , Emirmustafaoglu A.
Published: January 2025

It was aimed to determine some quality and sensory differences in the pudding by using wheat species instead of rice. For this, Einkorn wheat pudding, Iza wheat pudding, Emmer wheat pudding, Spelt wheat pudding and rice pudding (control) were prepared. It was determined that the dry matter, mineral matter and protein values of wheat pudding were higher than the control (P < 0.05). The use of different wheat varieties instead of rice in pudding production caused a decrease in the pH and L* values of the samples and an increase in the b* values. Iza wheat pudding was the highest dry matter, mineral matter, protein, water holding capacity, viscosity, firmness and adhesiveness values, followed by Einkorn wheat pudding. The highest structure-consistency, taste-smell and general acceptability values were determined in Siyez wheat pudding. It was concluded that Einkorn, Iza, Emmer and Spelt wheats can be used instead of rice in pudding production.
Metal soaps of virgin coconut oil: Synthesis, characterization, and its potential physicochemical sunscreen
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Marfu'ah Siti , Wijaya Husni Wahyu , Mena Tri Prasetia
Published: January 2025

Salts of fatty acids with metals other than sodium and potassium are known as metal soaps. Triglyceride oil is an excellent source of fatty acids. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a source of fatty acids, with the main content being lauric acid. This study aimed to synthesize zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium soaps from VCO and test their activity as sunscreens. Metal soaps were synthesized from VCO by a double decomposition reaction through sodium-VCO (Na-VCO) soap followed by trans-saponification of Na-VCO soap with chloride salts of zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium giving Zn-VCO, Al-VCO, Mg-VCO, and Ca-VCO, respectively. Changing the sodium with Zn, Al, Mg, and Ca lowers the melting point, particularly Za-VCO soap, melting in the 101–126 °C range. Trans-esterification of Na-soap with those metal ions gave a high yield of up to 88.0 %, which supported the similar FTIR spectra for all metal-VCO soap except the peak shifting in 1750–1250 cm-1 as COO- stretching vibration. The SPF values of soaps of Na-VCO, Zn-VCO, Al-VCO, Mg-VCO, and Ca-VCO are 0.43, 13.77, 3.66, 11.27, and 19.41, respectively. Metal soaps (Zn-VCO, Al-VCO, Mg-VCO, and Ca-VCO) have the potential to act as sunscreen, and Na-VCO is not potential as sunscreen. Sunscreen activity of Ca-VCO > Zn-VCO > Mg-VCO > Al-VCO.
Numerical modelling and control of tumour mutation using piecewise fuzzy approach
Authors: Tourajizadeh Hami , Farbodi Zakie , Kiaei Danial , Gholami Oveas
Published: January 2025

Mutation dynamics of a cancer tumour is modelled here using numerical non-model-based approach of fuzzy and its metastasis is controlled using a closed loop controller. Cancer is the second cause of death in the world. Metastasis of the cancerous cells is the main source of its fatality and this phenomenon is extremely uncontrollable as a result of drug resistance.  Drug resistance itself is the consequence of the mutation of the cancerous stem cells. Thus modelling the metastasis without considering the effect of mutation is not practically efficient. Since, the exact analytic modelling of mutation is usually impossible, here a numeric approach is proposed toward modelling the cancer mutation using the fuzzy method.  As a result the number of the cancer cells and their related mutations are fuzzificated as the engaged states and their related performance subject to chemotherapy is predicted using the proposed fuzzy model. In order to increase the accuracy of the numerical modelling, the fuzzification process is modified using piecewise algorithm. Employing the mentioned numerical plant, it is possible to design and implement a closed loop controller using the feedback of the tumour, and consequently improve the schedule of chemotherapy in a way that the mutation and tumour growth would be blocked. State Vector Feedback Control (SVFC) is employed here to stabilize the mutation trigger and cancer development. Previous proposed analytic model of the studied cancer is employed here to provide the required data of fuzzy modelling instead of laboratory data and it is shown by the aid of MATLAB simulation that, using the proposed fuzzy model of cancer and mutation, the behaviour of the tumour can be predicted and its mutation and metastasis can be controlled successfully.
Evaluation of ethanol and citric acid to increase beetroot drying performance and quality
Authors: Graciola Keli Cristina , Costa Bruna Roos , De Moraes Kelly , Duarte Marcela , Sant'Anna Voltaire
Published: January 2025

Hot air is the most popular method for drying foods, but its performance remains a barrier in industrial scale. Beetroot is an important crop worldwide and drying is an important tool to increase foods’ shelf-life, incorpo-rate into food applications and produce dried vegetable snacks. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of ethanol and citric acid solutions as pretreatments for the drying of beetroot. Beetroot slices were subject-ed to four different treatments before the drying proce-dure (60ºC), as follows: no wet pretreatment; wet pre-treatment; ethanol solution; and citric acid solution pretreatment. The impact on color, betalain content, and structure of beetroot slices were evaluated. Modi-fied Page model was selected to evaluate drying rates. Ethanol and citric acid solution impacted on plant tis-sue structure. Pretreatment with alcohol solution implied on increasing the drying performance of beetroot slices. Soaking beetroot slices into citric acid solution did not change drying rates compared to samples without any treatment but increases when comparison is made with samples soaked into water solution. Beetroot slices pre-treated with citric acid presented better color parameters and when they were pretreated with ethanol preserved betalain amounts after drying. Ethanol shows up as promising pretreatment for beetroot drying, enhancing process performance and maintaining quality parame-ters, meanwhile citric acid does not have great impact.
Formulation and production of trans acid-free hard stock margarine using interesterification
Authors: Güçlü Hülya , Tekin Aziz , Pirsa Sajad
Published: January 2025

In this study various blends were prepared from different vegetable sources in order to determine the proper fat ratio for preparing fat phases of the trans-free margarines. The selected fats were included palm oil (PO), fully hydrogenated soybean oil (FH), and palm oil stearin (POS) fraction and the liquid oils were included sunflower oil (SF) and cotton oil (C). The blended oils were interesterified after blending in the ratios according to the proposed experimental design. The blends and interesterified blends of these two groups of fats and oils were evaluated by testing the slip melting point (SMP) and solid fat content (SFC). The data obtained from the SFC values for the blends and model fats at different temperatures were used to determine their usability in different types of margarine.  It was concluded that hydrogenated soybean oil was not suitable for hard stock margarine due to its high SFC and slip melting point and low essential fatty acid (FA) content. However, some trans free soft and stock margarines could be prepared from the blends of FH, PO and POS. Finally, it was concluded that natural solid vegetable oils such as PO and POS fractions can be mixed with cotton and sunflower oils in different proportions and interesterified could be used for the production of trans acid-free different margarines.
Preemptive Analgesic Effect Of Intravenous Diclofenac In Women That Underwent Abdominal Hysterectomy Under General Anesthesia In A Limited Resource Settings: An Observational Cohort Study.
Authors: Gebeyehu Geresu , Shiferaw Selamawit ,   Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Published: January 2025

Background: A significant proportion of patients suffer
moderate to severe pain after surgery despite wide
pain management protocols. This study evaluated the
effectiveness of diclofenac as a preemptive analgesic for
postoperative pain management in patients that underwent
abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on
86 ASA I and II women aged >18 years old and undergoing
abdominal hysterectomy from March to August 2020 Tertiary
Hospital, Ethiopia. The participants were recruited into this
prospective observational cohort study. Study participants
were grouped as group D (who took preemptive IV diclofenac
75mg) and group C (who did not or control) based on whether
or not IV diclofenac was given 30 minutes to one hour prior
to the surgical incision. The pain severity, total analgesic
consumption, first analgesic request time, and incidence of
nausea and vomiting within 24 hours postoperatively were
compared between the two groups. Student’s t-test and
Mann-Whitney U test were used for analyzing numeric data.
Categorical variables between the groups were analyzed
using the chi-square test. P-values <0.05 were considered
statistically significant.
Results: Median pain score in the early postoperative
period (in the 2nd, 4th, and 8thhr) was significantly lower in
the diclofenac group (0.007, 0.004, 0.001, 0.261, and 0.796
respectively). The mean first analgesic request time between
the groups was not significantly different (p>0.05). Total
postoperative analgesic consumption was significantly lower
in the diclofenac group (p=0.0006). The occurrence of nausea
and vomiting was comparable between the two groups
(p>0.05).
Conclusion and Recommendation: Preemptive diclofenac
significantly reduced postoperative pain severity and total
analgesic consumption and associated with fewer side
effects in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.
We recommend all anesthesia providers to use 75 mg IV
diclofenac 30 min to 1 hour prior to surgical incision to
minimize postoperative pain severity.
Characteristics, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Prevention
Authors: A. Simarmata Vidi Posdo , Pariama Ganda
Published: January 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that most often attacks the lungs and is caused by bacteria. Indonesia itself is in second place with the highest number of TB sufferers in the world after India, followed by China, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and the Democratic Republic of Congo respectively. Study. The existence of societal stigma that creates feelings of shame and fear of being diagnosed with pulmonary TB causes some pulmonary TB sufferers to try several other methods of treatment, such as buying medicine at a shop or consulting with traditional medicine before finally going to the health center if they are not cured. Research in the context of mapping the characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of preventing pulmonary tuberculosis in high school students was conducted at a private school in Bekasi, West Java. This type of research is descriptive with a survey method with a sample size of 72 people who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis uses univariate analysis. From the research results it was found that: the highest age group of high school students was 16-17 years old, namely 59.7%; The gender of high school students is almost equal between men and women, where the percentage of men is 44.4% and women is 55.6%; in terms of knowledge, 58.3% of high school students had insufficient knowledge regarding efforts to prevent pulmonary tuberculosis; 80.5% of high school students have a negative attitude towards efforts to prevent pulmonary tuberculosis; 62.5% of high school students practice adequate efforts to prevent pulmonary tuberculosis. The conclusion obtained from the results of this research is that there is still a lack of knowledge among students regarding tuberculosis prevention and there is still a high level of negative attitudes towards preventing tuberculosis. Thus, providing more intensive outreach and education about Tuberculosis and the importance of preventative practices is still deemed necessary.

Keywords: tuberculosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, knowledge. attitude, prevention
Ensuring Patient Safety in Inpatient Ward: A Case Study in Identifying Patient Correctly among Nurses
Authors: Najla Sariyatun , . Yuswardi , Jannah Noraliyatun , Mayasari Putri , Mahdasari Mayanti
Published: January 2025

Identifying patients correctly is a critical component of healthcare delivery. As it underpins the entire continuum of care, from initial intake to assessment of appropriate treatments and interventions. Misidentification of patients can lead to significant errors, such as incorrect medication administration, incorrect surgery site, and other adverse events that compromise patient safety. The aim of the case study is to identify the experiences of nurses regarding the implementation of patient identification correctly in a inpatient ward in Banda Aceh. The research method used is a descriptive study. Twenty-eight nurses were involved in using observation sheets to implement the JCI concept of identifying patients correctly. The observation sheet consists of 4 statements related to the implementation of patient identification, where ensures the patient's identity bracelet (4 items), introduces himself to the patient (2 items), active communication (1 open question), and provides informed consent. This observation sheet utilizes the Guttman scale with 'Yes' and 'No' as the answer choices. The results of this case study show that nurses have optimally ensured that the identity bracelets are installed correctly (78.5%), nurses have not optimally introduced themselves to patients (57.1%), nurses have optimally implemented active communication (60.7%), and nurses have optimally provided informed consent before nursing actions (89.2%). The author recommends continuous supervision to ensure patient identification is properly implemented, and hospitals should always strive to improve nurses' self-awareness by providing professional services as a work culture.

Keywords: Patient safety, Nurses, Identifying
A Case Report of Plasmodium Malaria Infection
Authors: Salutondok Welly , O. H. Rantung Nolly , . Ronny , P. C. Nugroho Michelle
Published: January 2025

Background: Malaria is a human infection caused by Plasmodium species. The Indonesia Ministry of Health reported 418,546 positive cases of malaria in Indonesia throughout 2023. Among the five major Plasmodium species, Plasmodium malariae infection is relatively rare and often overlooked by light microscopy due to its low parasitemia.
Case Report: A 67-year-old female presented to the emergency room with a fever for almost one week. The fever went down for three days but rose again on the fourth day. The patient had a history of traveling to Papua. Vital signs were normal. Laboratory examinations revealed decreased levels of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and hematocrite. The serological examination was positive for malaria, and occult blood examination detected Plasmodium malariae schizont. The patient was subsequently treated with combination drug therapy for malaria and recovered successfully.
Conclusion: The symptoms of the patient were attributed to malaria infection. Treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy is the most effective anti-malarial drug. Early and accurate diagnosis was also crucial delays in appropriate treatment could result in severe complications.

Keywords: plasmodium malariae, malaria, tropical infection