bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In situ observation of the crystal structure transition of Pt–Sn intermetallic nanoparticles during deactivation and regeneration
Authors: Zhang Ze-Qi , Pei Yu-Chen , Xiao Ming-Jun , Hu Guowen , Huang Zhi-Peng , Song Tao , Wang Qiang , Huang Wen-Yu , Peng Yong , Zhang Hao-Li
Published: April 2021

In situ TEM investigation reveals the reversible dynamic structural transition of PtSn intermetallic compound nanoparticles upon deactivation and regeneration.
Bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene stabilized zinc(0) complex with singlet biradicaloid ground state
Authors: Rajendran N. M. , Gautam Nimisha , Sarkar Pallavi , Ahmed Jasimuddin , Das Arpan , Das Shubhajit , Pati Swapan K. , Mandal Swadhin K.
Published: April 2021

The first Zn(0) complex bearing a bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ligand was synthesised and its reducing ability was demonstrated by activating the C–Cl bond of trityl chloride generating Gomberg's free radical at ambient temperature.
Visible light induced step-growth polymerization by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions
Authors: Kiliclar Huseyin Cem , Altinkok Cagatay , Yilmaz Gorkem , Yagci Yusuf
Published: April 2021

A novel visible light induced step-growth polymerization to form poly(phenylene methylene) by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is described.
Heterogeneous vanadium-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of olefins for sustainable synthesis of carboxylic acids
Authors: Upadhyay Rahul , Rana Rohit , Sood Aakriti , Singh Vikash , Kumar Rahul , Srivastava Vimal Chandra , Maurya Sushil K.
Published: April 2021

We have developed a heterogeneous VO@TiO2 catalyzed synthesis of carboxylic acid from various aromatic and aliphatic olefins. Here, we first report the utilization of renewable Triadica sebifera seed oil for the sustainable synthesis of azelaic acid.
A self-made portable separation device based on 2-D MOF nanosheets for the efficient separation of dyes in solutions
Authors: Li Anqi , Ma Xiaofan , Ma Jie , Yuan Qingyi , Zhang Jun , Xuan Xiaopeng
Published: April 2021

Herein we reported a simple and economical method for fabricating a portable separation device based on 2D-MOF nanosheets, which can be used disposably for a special purpose due to the low cost, simple manufacturing process in an emergency.
Effect of electron–phonon coupling on the transport properties of monolayers of ZrS2, BiI3 and PbI2: a thermoelectric perspective
Authors: Sharma Gautam , Pandey Vineet Kumar , Datta Shouvik , Ghosh Prasenjit
Published: April 2021

Thermoelectric materials are used for the conversion of waste heat to electrical energy.
An ultra-sensitive gas sensor based on a two-dimensional manganese porphyrin monolayer
Authors: Hao Ze-Wen , Dong Mi-Mi , Zhang Rui-Qin , Wang Chuan-Kui , Fu Xiao-Xiao
Published: April 2021

The development of highly sensitive, low-power consuming, stable and recyclable gas sensing devices at room temperature has become an important solution for environmental safety detection.
Apparent autocatalysis due to liquefaction: thermal decomposition of ammonium 3,4,5-trinitropyrazolate
Authors: Muravyev Nikita V. , Monogarov Konstantin A. , Dalinger Igor L. , Koga Nobuyoshi , Pivkina Alla N.
Published: April 2021

Thermal decomposition of solids is often accompanied by autocatalysis, one of the possible causes of which is the formation of a liquid phase. To account this effect, the Bawn model is introduced in the modern model-fitting kinetic analysis.
Rational compatibility in a ternary matrix enables all-small-molecule organic solar cells with over 16% efficiency
Authors: Jiang Mengyun , Bai Hairui , Zhi Hongfu , Yan Lu , Woo Han Young , Tong Lijia , Wang Jinliang , Zhang Fujun , An Qiaoshi
Published: April 2021

The ternary all-small-molecule organic solar cells deliver a top-ranked power conversion efficiency of 16.28%, benefiting from the rational compatibility in theB1:BO-4Cl:Y7matrix.
Chiral and robust Zr(iv)-based metal–organic frameworks built from spiro skeletons
Authors: Gong Wei , Liu Yan , Cui Yong
Published: April 2021

A series of robust Zr(iv)-MOFs built from enantiopure, privileged SPINOL linkers were constructed and employed in asymmetric catalysis and enantioselective separation.
Fluorine-free ionic liquid electrolytes for sustainable neodymium recovery using an electrochemical approach
Authors: Periyapperuma Kalani , Pringle Jennifer M. , Sanchez-Cupido Laura , Forsyth Maria , Pozo-Gonzalo Cristina
Published: April 2021

The application of a fluorine-free ionic liquid electrolyte has enabled cleaner and sustainable Nd recovery via electrodeposition.
Production of HMF, FDCA and their derived products: a review of life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) studies
Authors: Davidson Matthew G. , Elgie Shaun , Parsons Sophie , Young Tim J.
Published: April 2021

This review article summarises and discusses methodological and chemical aspects of LCA and TEA studies of HMF, FDCA and their derived products.
Cross double point discharge as enhanced excitation source for highly sensitive determination of arsenic, mercury and lead by optical emission spectrometry
Authors: He Lin , Li Peixia , Li Kai , Lin Tao , Luo Jin , Hou Xiandeng , Jiang Xiaoming
Published: April 2021

A cross double point discharge microplasma was designed as an excitation source for a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer coupled with hydride generation for the highly sensitive determination of arsenic, mercury and lead.
Addressing the sparsity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data with randomized sparse principal component analysis
Authors: Képeš Erik , Vrábel Jakub , Pořízka Pavel , Kaiser Jozef
Published: April 2021

Randomized sparse principal component analysis is more interpretable and is 20 times faster compared to regular PCA for LIBS.
Carbon quantum dot-sensitized hollow TiO2 spheres for high-performance visible light photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Xianfeng , Li Zongqun , Xu Shaowen , Ruan Yaowen
Published: April 2021

TiO2/CQD composites were synthesized through carbon quantum dots covalently attached to the surface of hollow TiO2 spheres for visible light photocatalytic degradation of organics.
Flexible pore structure modulation enables durable sulfur carrier for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Chen , Kong Fanrong , Liu Jianchao , Li Ruhong , Zhang Hongda , Li Lin , Wang Zhen , Wan Weihua , Wei Junhua , Dai Changsong
Published: April 2021

The immobilization of polysulfide by carbon matrix via synergism can restrict the shuttle effect and extend the cycle life of Li–S batteries.
Prediction of formation probability of rare earth uranates inside nuclear reactor fuel from the determined oxygen potential using a solid oxide galvanic cell
Authors: Sahu Manjulata , Mukherjee Sumanta , Patkare Geeta R. , Dash Smruti , Saxena M. K.
Published: April 2021

Phase diagrams of the Pr–U–O and Er–U–O systems were established from the Gibbs energy formation obtained using a galvanic cell.
Strain-induced quantum phase transition in the C3Sc4 monolayer: towards multiple gapless fermions
Authors: Han Yilin , Liu Ying , Wang Jianhua , Yang Tie , Zhou Feng , Kuang Minquan , Wang Xiaotian , Zhang Gang
Published: April 2021

By applying the biaxial tensile strain, a variety of novel fermionic states can be realized in 2D topological material C3Sc4, including multiple Dirac fermionic states, gapless Weyl fermionic states, and massless pseudospin-1 fermionic states.
Correction: A novel concept of two-component dielectric function for gold nanostars: theoretical modelling and experimental verification
Authors: Khlebtsov Nikolai G. , Zarkov Sergey V. , Khanadeev Vitaly A. , Avetisyan Yuri A.
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘A novel concept of two-component dielectric function for gold nanostars: theoretical modelling and experimental verification’ by Nikolai G. Khlebtsov et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 19963–19981, DOI: 10.1039/D0NR02531C.
A divergent strategy for the synthesis of redox-active verdazyl radical polymers
Authors: Magnan François , Dhindsa Jasveer S. , Anghel Michael , Bazylewski Paul , Fanchini Giovanni , Gilroy Joe B.
Published: April 2021

We describe a divergent synthetic strategy based on ATRP and CuAAC chemistry for the production of stable radical polymers. As a proof of concept, we prepare verdazyl radical polymers with properties suitable for use in organic electronics.
Porous hollow TiO2microparticles for photocatalysis: exploiting novel ABC triblock terpolymer templates synthesised in supercritical CO2
Authors: Larder Ryan R. , Bennett Thomas M. , Blankenship L. Scott , Fernandes Jesum A. , Husband Bethany K. , Atkinson Rachel L. , Derry Matthew J. , Toolan Daniel T. W. , Centurion Higor A. , Topham Paul D. , Gonçalves Renato V. , Taresco Vincenzo , Howdle Steven M.
Published: April 2021

We report the synthesis of phase separated PMMA-b-PS-b-P4VP microparticlesviaRAFT-mediated dispersion polymerisation in scCO2and their use as a structure-directing agent for the fabrication of TiO2microparticles for photocatalysis.
Cu2+-triggered shrinkage of a natural betulin-derived supramolecular gel to fabricate moldable self-supporting gel
Authors: Liu Jinguo , Yin Feng , Hu Jun , Ju Yong
Published: April 2021

A betulin-based supramolecular gel exhibited Cu2+-triggered shrinkage, which gave the shrunken gel moldable and self-supporting properties.
Asymmetric hydroalkylation of alkynes and allenes with imidazolidinone derivatives: α-alkenylation of α-amino acids
Authors: Panahi Farhad , Khosravi Hormoz , Bauer Felix , Breit Bernhard
Published: April 2021

Enantio-, diastereoselective, geometry-selective addition of imidazolidinone derivatives to alkynes and allenes in the presence of LiHMDS in order to obtain quaternary α-alkenyl substituted amino acids in high isolated yields.
Anti-glycan antibodies: roles in human disease
Authors: Temme J. Sebastian , Butler Dorothy L. , Gildersleeve Jeffrey C.
Published: April 2021

Carbohydrate-binding antibodies play diverse and critical roles in human health. Endogenous carbohydrate-binding antibodies that recognize bacterial, fungal, and other microbial carbohydrates prevent systemic infections and help maintain microbiome homeostasis. Anti-glycan antibodies can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. For example, alloantibodies to ABO blood group carbohydrates can help reduce the spread of some infectious diseases, but they also impose limitations for blood transfusions. Antibodies that recognize self-glycans can contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. In addition to endogenous antibodies that arise through natural processes, a variety of vaccines induce anti-glycan antibodies as a primary mechanism of protection. Some examples of approved carbohydrate-based vaccines that have had a major impact on human health are against pneumococcus, Haemophilus influeanza type b, and Neisseria meningitidis. Monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting pathogen associated or tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are used clinically for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This review aims to highlight some of the well-studied and critically important applications of anti-carbohydrate antibodies.
Protecting P-type plasma membrane H+-ATPases from ROS
Authors: Stainbrook Sarah C. , Jez Joseph M.
Published: April 2021

P-type ATPase are ubiquitous transport proteins across all kingdoms of life. These proteins share a common mechanism involving phosphorylation of an invariant aspartate to facilitate movement of substrates from protons to phospholipids across cellular membranes. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Welle et al. identify a conserved cysteine near the functionally critical aspartate of P-type plasma membrane H+-ATPases that protects the protein from reactive oxygen species.
Evaluating the Voice Type Component Distributions of Excised Larynx Phonations at Three Subglottal Pressures
Authors: Liu Boquan , Raj Hayley , Klein Logan , Jiang Jack J.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The excised canine larynx provides an advantageous experimental framework in the study of voice physiology. In recent years, signal processing methods have been applied to analyze phonations in excised canine larynx experiments. However, phonations have a highly complex and nonstationary nature corresponding to different proportions of regular and chaotic signal elements. Current nonlinear dynamic methods that are used to assess the degree of irregularity in the voice fail to recognize the distribution of voice type components (VTCs).

Method

Based on measures of intrinsic dimension, this article presents a method to analyze the VTC distribution of phonations in excised canine larynx experiments. Thirty-nine phonation samples from 13 excised canine larynges at three different subglottal pressures were analyzed.

Results

Phonation produced with subglottal pressures above phonation instability pressure (PIP) and below phonation threshold pressure (PTP) resulted in high proportions of Voice Types 3 and 4, characterized by chaotic and noisy signals. Phonation produced with pressure between PTP and PIP contained mostly Type 1 voice, characterized by a regular and nearly periodic signal. Mean proportions of all VTCs varied significantly in comparisons of phonations produced with Sub-PTP and PTP as well as in comparisons of phonations produced with PTP and PIP.

Conclusions

Across all VTCs, the VTC profiles of normal and abnormal phonation differ significantly. Normal phonation is strongly associated with VTC
1
(Voice Type Component 1), whereas abnormal phonation exhibits increased VTC
4
(Voice Type Component 4). The study further demonstrates the ability of intrinsic dimension to successfully detect multiple voice types in an acoustic signal and highlights the need for expanded use of intrinsic dimension in human voice.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14417585
The technology of curd cake with sucralose: a infrared spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Aksonova Olena , Gubsky Sergey , Torianik Dmitry , Evlash Victoria
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of developing technology for the production of curd cake using a low-calorie sweetener sucralose. The implementation of this direction in the form of a partial replacement in the sugar formulation for effective sweeteners sucralose is proposed. As a prototype, a sugar-based recipe was used, in which a partial replacement (at the level of 50%) of sugar with sucrose was carried out. Sucralose was formulated as the commercial sweetener TM Splenda, which contains maltodextrin and sucralose. All samples, including the control on sugar, were subjected to organoleptic evaluation, which showed the absence of extraneous flavors in all samples and their similarity in terms of sweetness compared to control. IR spectra of the sweetener, curd cake with sugar, as well as curd cakes with 50% and 100% sugar substitution for sweetener were obtained and analyzed. The analysis showed the presence of identical characteristic bands on the spectra of the sweetener and samples of sucralose cakes, which suggests that the sweetener TM Splenda does not undergo thermal degradation when baking curd cake. However, the literature analysis indicates the danger of the formation of toxic gaseous substances that are obtained during the thermal treatment of products with sucralose.
An innovative concept for the technology of jelly-fruit marmalade using vegetable cryopastes
Authors: Artamonova Maiia , Shmatchenko Natalia , Gavrysh Tetyana , Pikh Liudmyla
Published: April 2021

The results of research on the innovative concept of the technology of jelly-fruit marmalade with vegetable cryoadditives from carrots and pumpkin are presented. The use of innovative developments in marmalade makes it possible to increase productivity and improve the quality of products. It is shown that organoleptic, physicochemical quality indicators of marmalade with plant additives meet the requirements of current regulations, the colour intensity is maintained. The new products have an increased content of vitamin C, β-carotene and pectin.
Chemical composition and nutritional value of the new citrus pomace feed additive
Authors: Karunsky Oleksii , Nikolenko Іgor , Madani Maria , Danchuk Oleksii
Published: April 2021

Research aimed at studying the chemical composition and nutritional value of a new feed additive from citrus pomace was conducted. The article presents the results of research on the technological line of granulation of citrus waste, studies their chemical composition, determines the gross content of proteins, fats, assimilated carbohydrates, including simple sugars and identifies the effectiveness of use in the diets of farm animals. The positive influence of the technological line of citrus waste granulation has been established, which allows to obtain high quality granules. Chemical analysis of citrus granules showed that 100 g contains: proteins - 6.15 g, fats - 0.99 g, carbohydrates - 21.8 g, of which simple sugars 14 g, the energy value of this feed additive is Kcal (kJ) - 120.7 (505.7). We believe that the data on the qualitative characteristics and nutritional value of feed additives from citrus pomace suggest that this additive can be used in cattle feeding.
Influence of the mineral food nanoadditive “Magnetofood” on the quality indicators of whipped confectionery products
Authors: Tsykhanovska Iryna , Yevlash Viktoria , Alexandrov Alexandr , Alibekov Ravshanbek
Published: April 2021

Investigation of the influence of the mineral food nanoadditive “Magnetofood” on the quality indicators of whipped confectionery products in the technologies of curd dessert and white-pink marshmallow. It was found that the Introduction of the additive “Magnetofood” into the prototypes of cottage cheese desserts and white-pink marshmallows in an amount from 0,1% to 0,2% by weight of the recipe mixture in comparison with the control improves the structure, texture and appearance of the whipped product; a narrow and symmetric distribution function of air bubbles by diameter (d=0,045...0,050 м) indicates the stabilizing effect of “Magnetofood” nanoparticles. The rational content of the nanoadditive “Magnetofood” has been determined – 0,15% to the mass of the prescription mixture. The prospects of using “Magnetofood” as an improver and stabilizer of polyphase foam-like structures have been determined.
Investigation of sorption mechanism of methylene blue, congo red and tannic acid from aqueous solutions onto magnetic composite sorbent obtained from alkaline pretreated spent coffee grounds
Authors: Pham Thanh Minh , Le Van Thuan
Published: April 2021

In this article, a novel magnetic composite material obtained from alkaline pretreated spent coffee grounds was used for investigating of the sorption mechanism of methylene blue, congo red and tannic acid from aqueous solutions. In order to clarify mechanisms were analyzed the adsorption kinetics models (external and internal diffusion; chemical kinetics (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order); intraparticle diffusion) and the adsorption thermodynamics. The results showed that the sorption of all studied sorbates was controlled by a mixed diffusion model and a pseudo-second order and diffusion rate revealed three stage of the mass transfer. The adsorption process of methylene blue, congo red and tannic acid onto Fe3O4/PVA/APSCGs sorbent was spontaneous and endothermic. Based on the results, it was concluded that the mechanism for removal of the studied sorbates by adsorption onto Fe3O4/PVA/APSCGs sorbent may be assumed both physisorption and chemisorption.
Simultaneous thermal analysis of mineral fertilizers, purchased in Almaty
Authors: Matveyeva Ilona , Nursapina Nurgul , Bakhadur Askar , Nazarkulova Sholpan , Shynybek Balnur , Ponomarenko Oksana
Published: April 2021

Increased demand for agricultural products leads to soil depletion and increased use of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers used in agriculture may contain contaminators such as heavy metals or radionuclides that can migrate and accumulate in plants. Although migration and accumulation abilities directly depend on species in which they are presented. Determination of species of heavy metals and radionuclides can be done by sequential extraction technique, which takes long time and a lot of reactants. Preliminary evaluation can be done on the basis of data of simultaneous thermal analysis. In the present study the simultaneous thermal analysis was used for investigation of mineral fertilizers, purchased in Almaty. “Fasko” with ammonia nitrate and “Bujskie udobreniya” fertilizers contain water-soluble fractions and “Ljubo zeleno” and “Fertika” contain organic soluble fractions.
Cytokinetic parameters of erythropoiesis under normal health conditions and during the development of acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloblastic leukemia
Authors: Seliverstov Evgeniy , Skorkina Marina
Published: April 2021

The article presents the application of the method for determining the quantitative parameters of erythropoiesis to patients with acute leukemia. The objective of the work is an investigation of erythropoiesis cytokinetic parameters under the normal health conditions and during the development of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the acute myeloblastic leukemia. It was found that the distribution of reticulocytes shifts towards an increase of immature reticulocyte fraction while the ratio between maturing and immature cells remains unchanged. The method presented can be used in clinical diagnostic and scientific research of bone marrow hematopoietic activity.
Effect of pre-sowing treatment of sunflower seeds on plant height and photosynthetic activity of hybrids F1 Borey And F1 Dariy under the conditions of the southwestern part of the Central Black Soil Region
Authors: Kotsareva Nadejda , Kovalenko Elena
Published: April 2021

The results of the research of the effect of seeds pre-sowing treatment with a complex of preparations, including protectant, microelements and growth regulators on economic and biological characteristics and properties of sunflower hybrids F1 Borey and F1 Dariy under conditions of the southwestern part of the Central Black Soil region are presented. The effective pre-sowing treatment scheme for seeds of sunflowers hybrids F1 Borey and F1 Dariy was determined, which allows us to obtain a seed yield up to 29.03 c / ha (increasing 6.6 c / ha) with a profitability level of 156.4% (increasing 39.6%).
Development of approaches to the diagnosis of cattle leukemia in the system of antiepizootic measures in the Belgorod Region
Authors: Kovalenko Anatoly , Donnik Irina , Dorofeev Andrey , Belyaeva Svetlana , Yavnikov Nazar , Oskolskaya Victoria , Karaychentsev Danila , Petropavlovskiy Maxim
Published: April 2021

The aim of the research is the use of serological and molecular genetic methods for detecting virus-infected cattle leukemia, as well as determining the significance of PCR in identifying BLV infected calves in the system of antiepizootic health measures. The developed technique for early diagnosis of leukemia in cattle made it possible to accelerate the process of recovery of disadvantaged farms in the Belgorod region by increasing the frequency of studies from 6 months to 2-3 months and an increase in the sensitivity of the agar-gel immunodiffusion test. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the sensitivity of the agar-gel immunodiffusion test and makes it possible to detect, on average, from 8.8% to 20.25% more animals infected with the leukemia virus compared to the standard reaction of the agar-gel immunodiffusion test. The additional use of molecular genetic tests for the detection of proviral DNA of the leukemia virus makes it possible to identify at the early stages of the development of the leukemia process, in calves from 15 days of age, the genomic material of bovine leukemia virus, which will also allow in a shorter time to carry out a qualitative improvement of young cattle in dysfunctional farms.
Ultra-stable 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers with 2.5 × 10−16 frequency instability
Authors: Li Liufeng , Wang Jia , Bi Jin , Zhang Tao , Peng Jiankang , Zhi Yunlin , Chen Lisheng
Published: April 2021

Cavity-stabilized ultra-stable optical oscillators are one of the core ingredients in the ground-based or spaceborne precision measurements such as optical frequency metrology, test of special relativity, and gravitational wave observation. We report in detail the development of two ultra-stable systems based on 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers and 20-cm optical cavities. The optical cavities adopt ultra-low-loss silica mirrors with compensating rings. An electro-optic crystal with a wedged angle is used to reduce the residual amplitude modulation. Using two-stage thermal control, long-term stabilities of 100 µK are achieved for the outer wall of the vacuum chamber housing the optical cavity. Two additional thermal shields increased the time constant of the optical cavities to 70 h. By operating the optical cavity at the temperature of zero coefficient of thermal expansion, the frequency stability reaches 2.5 × 10−16 at 10 s averaging time and remains below 5 × 10−16 with an extended time of 1000 s after removing the first- and second-order drifts. The dependence of the laser linewidth on the measurement time is tested against a simplified theoretical model.
A criterion for mixed dynamics in two-dimensional reversible maps
Authors: Turaev Dmitry
Published: April 2021

We give conditions for non-conservative dynamics in reversible maps with transverse and non-transverse homoclinic orbits.
Surface and zeta potentials of charged permeable nanocoatings
Authors: Silkina Elena F. , Bag Naren , Vinogradova Olga I.
Published: April 2021

An electrokinetic (zeta) potential of charged permeable porous films on solid supports generally exceeds their surface potential, which often builds up to a quite high value itself. Recent work provided a quantitative understanding of zeta potentials of thick, compared to the extension of an inner electrostatic diffuse layer, porous films. Here, we consider porous coatings of thickness comparable to or smaller than that of the inner diffuse layer. Our theory, which is valid even when electrostatic potentials become quite high and accounts for finite hydrodynamic permeability of the porous materials, provides a framework for interpreting the difference between values of surface and zeta potentials in various situations. Analytic approximations for the zeta potential in the experimentally relevant limits provide a simple explanation of transitions between different regimes of electro-osmotic flows and also suggest strategies for its tuning in microfluidic applications.
Temporal patterns of synchrony in a pyramidal-interneuron gamma (PING) network
Authors: Nguyen Quynh-Anh , Rubchinsky Leonid L.
Published: April 2021

Synchronization in neural systems plays an important role in many brain functions. Synchronization in the gamma frequency band (30–100 Hz) is involved in a variety of cognitive phenomena; abnormalities of the gamma synchronization are found in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Frequently, the strength of synchronization is not high, and synchronization is intermittent even on short time scales (few cycles of oscillations). That is, the network exhibits intervals of synchronization followed by intervals of desynchronization. Neural circuit dynamics may show different distributions of desynchronization durations even if the synchronization strength is fixed. We use a conductance-based neural network exhibiting pyramidal-interneuron gamma rhythm to study the temporal patterning of synchronized neural oscillations. We found that changes in the synaptic strength (as well as changes in the membrane kinetics) can alter the temporal patterning of synchrony. Moreover, we found that the changes in the temporal pattern of synchrony may be independent of the changes in the average synchrony strength. Even though the temporal patterning may vary, there is a tendency for dynamics with short (although potentially numerous) desynchronizations, similar to what was observed in experimental studies of neural synchronization in the brain. Recent studies suggested that the short desynchronizations dynamics may facilitate the formation and the breakup of transient neural assemblies. Thus, the results of this study suggest that changes of synaptic strength may alter the temporal patterning of the gamma synchronization as to make the neural networks more efficient in the formation of neural assemblies and the facilitation of cognitive phenomena.
Visualization and analysis of coupling between plasmas self-organization and plasma-induced fluid circulation in 1 atm DC glows with liquid anode
Authors: Yang Zimu , Kovach Yao , Foster John
Published: April 2021

In plasma–liquid interactions, the phenomenon of induced liquid flow that originates at the plasma–liquid contact point is important in that it influences mass, charge, and heat transport from the source to the surrounding bulk fluid. Such stimulated flows have been observed in 1 atm glows with a liquid anode. Because the plasma contact point in such discharges is patterned, a natural question is what is the relationship between the observed self-organized patterns and the induced flow field? It is, therefore, of great interest to investigate the coupling mechanism between the self-organization patterns in an atmospheric pressure dc helium glow discharge with a liquid anode and the induced flow circulation. Particle imaging velocimetry is used to probe the flow fields in the plane normal and parallel to the plasma–liquid interface. A strong ascending flow with maximum speed up to 1.5 cm/s and circulation vortices nearby are observed in the plane normal to the interface centered at the plasma attachment. The experiment results suggested that the ascending flow is caused by water evaporation and the vortices are formed by viscous stress. With a self-organization pattern formed, the flow structures become non-static and the circulation vortices are observed to periodically form and decay. In the plane parallel to the interface, a strong swirl flow was found to exist only when the plasma attachment is self-organized. The analysis revealed that the driving mechanism could be the electrohydrodynamics force. Averaged flow velocity over time in the field of view was found to scale linearly with increasing input power and increasing liquid conductivity.
Systematic study of the emission spectra of nanowire quantum dots
Authors: Laferrière Patrick , Yeung Edith , Korkusinski Marek , Poole Philip J. , Williams Robin L. , Dalacu Dan , Manalo Jacob , Cygorek Moritz , Altintas Abdulmenaf , Hawrylak Pawel
Published: April 2021

A systematic study of the emission spectra of single InAsP nanowire quantum dots in position-controlled InP photonic nanowire waveguides is presented. Using excitation power-dependent photoluminescence and correlation measurements, we distinguish between the different excitonic complexes responsible for s-shell emission. From measurements of over 40 nominally identical devices, we obtain a standard deviation of ∼5 meV in the emission energy of excitons, biexcitons, and charged exciton photons. The mean biexciton binding energy was 1.9 meV with a standard deviation of ∼0.8 meV. The experimental spectra are understood using atomistic multi-million atom theory of neutral and charged multi-exciton complexes implemented in the design tool QNANO.
Comparison of atomic force microscopy force curve and solvation structure studied by integral equation theory
Authors: Hashimoto Kota , Amano Ken-ichi , Nishi Naoya , Onishi Hiroshi , Sakka Tetsuo
Published: April 2021

Atomic force microscopy can observe structures of liquids (solvents) on solid surfaces as oscillating force curves. The oscillation originates from the solvation force, which is affected by the interaction between the probe, substrate, and solvents. To investigate the effects of the interactions on the force curve, we calculated the force curves by integral equation theory with various probe and substrate conditions. The probe solvophilicity affected the force curves more than the substrate solvophilicity in our calculation, and its reason is qualitatively explained by the amount of the desolvated solvents. We evaluated the probes and parameters in terms of the qualitative estimation of the number density distribution of the solvent on the wall. The negative of the force curve’s derivative with respect to the surface separation reflected the number density distribution better than the force curve. This parameter is based on the method that is proposed previously by Amano et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 15534 (2016)]. The normalized frequency shift can also be used for the qualitative estimation of the number density distribution if the cantilever amplitude is small. Solvophobic probes reflected the number density distribution better than the solvophilic probes. Solvophilic probes resulted in larger oscillation amplitudes than solvophobic probes and are suitable for measurements with a high S/N ratio.
General relations to obtain the time-dependent heat capacity from isothermal simulations
Authors: Klochko L. , Baschnagel J. , Wittmer J. P. , Semenov A. N.
Published: April 2021

It is well-known that time-dependent correlation functions related to temperature and energy can crucially depend on the thermostatting mechanism used in computer simulations of molecular systems. We argue, however, that linear response functions must be considered as universal properties of physical systems. This implies that the classical fluctuation equation for the transient heat capacity, cv(t), is not applicable to the thermostatted molecular dynamics (apart from long enough times). To improve on this point, we derive a number of exact general expressions for the frequency-dependent heat capacity in terms of energy correlation functions, valid for the Nosé–Hoover and some other thermostats. We also establish a general relation between auto- and cross correlation functions of energy and temperature. Recommendations on how to use these relations to maximize the numerical precision are provided. It is demonstrated that our approach allows us to obtain cv(t) for a supercooled liquid system with high precision and over many decades in time reflecting all pertinent relaxation processes.
Magnonic band structure in CoFeB/Ta/NiFe meander-shaped magnetic bilayers
Authors: Gubbiotti G. , Sadovnikov A. , Beginin E. , Sheshukova S. , Nikitov S. , Talmelli G. , Asselberghs I. , Radu I. P. , Adelmann C. , Ciubotaru F.
Published: April 2021

In this work, we investigate the spin-wave propagation in three-dimensional nanoscale CoFeB/Ta/NiFe meander structures fabricated on a structured SiO2/Si substrate. The magnonic band structure has been experimentally determined by wavevector-resolved Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy and a set of stationary modes interposed by two dispersive modes of Bloch type have been identified. The results could be understood by micromagnetic and finite element simulations of the mode distributions in both real space and the frequency domain. The dispersive modes periodically oscillate in frequency over the Brillouin zones and correspond to modes, whose spatial distributions extend over the entire sample and are either localized exclusively in the CoFeB layer or the entire CoFeB/Ta/NiFe magnetic bilayer, with in-phase precession of the dynamic magnetization in the two layers. Low-frequency stationary modes are concentrated in horizontal segments of the topmost NiFe layer with sizeable amplitudes in the vertical CoFeB and NiFe segments and out-of-phase precession. The findings are compared with those of single-layer CoFeB meander structures with the same geometry parameters, which reveals the influence of the dipolar coupling between the two ferromagnetic layers on the magnonic band structure.
Comparative study of single-atom gold and iridium on CeO2{111}
Authors: Owen Cameron J. , Jenkins Stephen J.
Published: April 2021

Oxide-supported single-atom catalysts have shown promise for a variety of heterogeneous processes. In addition to their inherent activity and selectivity, these materials come at much lower financial cost, avoiding the use of full-bodied precious-metal catalysts, but at the conceptual expense that more complex structural and electronic considerations need to be understood if we are to exploit their full potential. Here, we focus on the adsorption of single-atom iridium at both stoichiometric and defective CeO2{111} surfaces, by means of first-principles density functional theory. Reference calculations for the adsorption of single-atom gold, on the same set of substrates, provide a valuable set of benchmarks against which to interpret our iridium results.
Pressure-induced spin crossover in a Fe78Si9B13 metallic glass
Authors: Liang Tao , Zhang Fei , Zhang Xin , Chen Xiehang , Chen Songyi , Lou Hongbo , Zeng Zhidan , Xu Dazhe , Yang Ke , Xiao Yuming , Chow Paul , Shen Baolong , Zeng Qiaoshi
Published: April 2021

The pressure effect on structures and properties of a Fe78Si9B13 metallic glass was investigated by in situ high-pressure synchrotron Fe Kβ x-ray emission spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, and electrical resistivity measurements up to ∼51 GPa. The study reveals a reversible and continuous pressure-induced high- to low-spin crossover of Fe atoms in an amorphous structure. The changes of the local spin moment can be scaled to match its average atomic distance shrinkage very well during compression. The crossover of electronic spin states in the Fe78Si9B13 metallic glass resembles that of typical crystalline Fe-bearing materials but without a sharp atomic volume collapse and an abrupt electrical resistivity jump. These findings could help guide applications of Fe-based metallic glasses as a soft ferromagnetic material at extreme conditions and also improve our understanding of magnetism and coupling of its changes with disordered atomic structures and other properties in metallic glasses.
Flowering of Australia's Rainforests
Authors: Williams Geoff
Published: April 2021

The Flowering of Australia’s Rainforests provides a comprehensive introduction to the pollination ecology, evolution and conservation of Australian rainforest plants, with particular emphasis on subtropical rainforests and their associated pollinators. This significantly expanded second edition includes new information on the impact of climate change, fire, fragmentation and invasive species.
Rainforests continue to be a focus of global conservation concern, not only from threats to biodiversity in general, but to pollinators specifically. Within Australia, this has been emphasised by recent cataclysmic fire impacts, ongoing extreme drought events, and the wider consideration of climate change. This second edition strengthens coverage of these issues beyond that of the first edition.
The Flowering of Australia’s Rainforests makes timely contributions to our understanding of the nature and function of the world’s pollinator fauna, plant-reproduction dependencies, and the evolutionary pathway that has brought them to their current state and function. Illustrated with 150 colour plates of major species and rainforest formations, this reference work will be of value to ecologists and field naturalists, botanists, conservation biologists, ecosystem managers and community groups involved in habitat restoration.
A simple model indicates that there are sufficient water supply points for fighting forest fires in the Czech Republic
Authors: Holuša Jaroslav , Koreň Milan , Berčák Roman , Resnerová Karolina , Trombik Jiří , Vaněk Jan , Szczygieł Ryszard , Chromek Ivan
Published: April 2021

Long periods of drought and mild winters have significantly affected the forests of the Czech Republic in recent years. If this trend continues, forest stands will be weakened and dehydrated, which will increase the probability that forest fires will occur and spread. It is essential that fire managers prepare for this possibility. A main requirement for extinguishing large forest fires is the availability of water supply points. In this study, we determined if the Czech Republic has enough water to fight forest fires and whether these water supply points are distributed so that all forest stands will have enough water nearby to fight fires. We analysed forests, water supply points and forest roads in three study areas. One reservoir is sufficient to cover tens to hundreds of hectares of forest. We found that there are currently enough water supply points in the studied areas of the Czech Republic to extinguish forest fires. The results indicate that any shortage in water availability can be eliminated by using water supply points that are useable but that are not currently part of the database used by Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. A thorough and regular update of the database of water supply points is therefore essential.
Violations of locality and free choice are equivalent resources in Bell experiments
Authors: Blasiak Pawel , Pothos Emmanuel M. , Yearsley James M. , Gallus Christoph , Borsuk Ewa
Published: April 2021

Significance

Faced with a violation of Bell inequalities, a committed realist might pursue an explanation of the observed correlations on the basis of violations of the locality or free choice (sometimes called measurement independence) assumptions. The question of whether it is better to abandon (partially or completely) locality or free choice has been strongly debated since the inception of Bell inequalities, with ardent supporters on either side. We offer a comprehensive treatment that allows a comparison of both assumptions on an equal footing, demonstrating a deep interchangeability. This both advances the foundational debate and provides quantitative answers regarding the weight of each assumption for causal (or realist) explanations of observed correlations.
The loops of the N-SH2 binding cleft do not serve as allosteric switch in SHP2 activation
Authors: Anselmi Massimiliano , Hub Jochen S.
Published: April 2021

Significance

SHP2 is a multidomain protein, playing an important role in upregulating cellular processes such as cell survival, proliferation, and programmed cell death. SHP2 mutations cause developmental disorders and are found in many cancer types, including neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and leukemia. In healthy cells, SHP2 mainly takes an autoinhibited, inactive form, and SHP2 is activated upon binding of phosphopeptides to the N-SH2 domain. For the past two decades, the widening of the binding cleft upon peptide binding has been considered the key event driving SHP2 activation. Here, by analyzing crystallographic data and molecular simulations, we demonstrate that the binding cleft in N-SH2 is, instead, already open and accessible in solution, and its degree of opening does not influence SHP2 activation.
Centromeric transcription maintains centromeric cohesion in human cells
Authors: Chen Yujue , Zhang Qian , Teng Zhen , Liu Hong
Published: April 2021

Centromeric transcription has been shown to play an important role in centromere functions. However, lack of approaches to specifically manipulate centromeric transcription calls into question that the proposed functions are a direct consequence of centromeric transcription. By monitoring nascent RNAs, we found that several transcriptional inhibitors exhibited distinct, even opposing, efficacies on the suppression of ongoing gene and centromeric transcription in human cells, whereas under the same conditions, total centromeric RNAs were changed to a lesser extent. The inhibitor suppressing ongoing centromeric transcription weakened centromeric cohesion, whereas the inhibitor increasing ongoing centromeric transcription strengthened centromeric cohesion. Furthermore, expression of CENP-B DNA-binding domain or CENP-B knockdown moderately increased centromeric transcription without altering gene transcription; as a result, centromeric cohesion was accordingly strengthened. Targeting of the Kox1-KRAB domain with CENP-B DB to centromeres specifically decreased centromeric transcription and weakened centromeric cohesion. Thus, based on these findings, we propose that a major function of centromeric transcription is to maintain centromeric cohesion in human cells.
IFITM3 incorporation sensitizes influenza A virus to antibody-mediated neutralization
Authors: Lanz Caroline , Schotsaert Michael , Magnus Carsten , Karakus Umut , Hunziker Annika , Sempere Borau Milagros , Martínez-Romero Carles , Spieler Eva E. , Günther Sira C. , Moritz Eva , Hale Benjamin G. , Trkola Alexandra , García-Sastre Adolfo , Stertz Silke
Published: April 2021

The disease severity of influenza is highly variable in humans, and one genetic determinant behind these differences is the IFITM3 gene. As an effector of the interferon response, IFITM3 potently blocks cytosolic entry of influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we reveal a novel level of inhibition by IFITM3 in vivo: We show that incorporation of IFITM3 into IAV particles competes with incorporation of viral hemagglutinin (HA). Decreased virion HA levels did not reduce infectivity, suggesting that high HA density on IAV virions may be an antagonistic strategy used by the virus to prevent direct inhibition. However, we found that IFITM3-mediated reduction in HA content sensitizes IAV to antibody-mediated neutralization. Mathematical modeling predicted that this effect decreases and delays peak IAV titers, and we show that, indeed, IFITM3-mediated sensitization of IAV to antibody-mediated neutralization impacts infection outcome in an in vivo mouse model. Overall, our data describe a previously unappreciated interplay between the innate effector IFITM3 and the adaptive immune response.
The life of B cells according to JEM
Authors: Küppers Ralf
Published: April 2021

Our understanding of the generation and function of B lymphocytes is well represented by publications in JEM, including numerous landmark studies on normal B cell immunology. This viewpoint reflects on a selection of such high-impact studies.
Observations and predictions from past lightcones
Authors: Lesourd Martin
Published: April 2021

In a general Lorentzian manifold M, the past lightcone of a point is a proper subset of M that does not carry enough information to determine the rest of M. In special circumstances however, say if M is a globally hyperbolic Cauchy development of vacuum initial data on a Cauchy surface S and there is a point whose past lightcone contains S, then the contents of such a lightcone does determine M up to isometry. We present results that describe what properties of M guarantee that past lightcones do indeed determine all or at least significant portions of M. Null lines and observer horizons, which are well known features of the de-Sitter spacetime, play a prominent role.