bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENGARUNGI GARIS WALLACE: Awal Migrasi Manusia dari Paparan Sunda menuju Kawasan Wallacea
Authors: Noerwidi Sofwan
Published: May 2019

Human migration in prehistoric times strongly suggest very complex problems, which could be explained from various perspectives. This article attempts to explain fundamental aspect influencing the pattern of human migration in prehistoric times from Sunda Continent to Wallacean Zone. These aspects are, for example, environment, technology, culture and human being as a decision maker. Reconstructing interisland migration pattern of homo sapiens of hunter gatherer is not as easy as imagining interisland closest lines. This is because the focus of modern human migration is to search for a new area for exploiting natural resources.
KESELARASAN MIKROKOSMOS-MAKROKOSMOS SEBAGAI DASAR PEMBANGUNAN MASA HINDU-BUDDHA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Tjahjono Baskoro Daru
Published: May 2019

The culture that emerged in Hindu-Buddha period in ancient Indonesia was always related to religious concepts. Therefore, anything being produced at that time should reflect the harmony between micro and macrocosms, or in other words, between human and deities worlds. This could be exemplified by temples and royal palaces from that period. Temples symbolized Mahameru, the mountain regarded as the center of universe; whilst royal palaces as microcosm should have elements and arrangements in favour with the afore mentioned macrocosm.
RITUS KEMATIAN MASYARAKAT JAWA KUNA, BALI KUNA, DAN BALI SEKARANG
Authors: Istari Rita
Published: May 2019

Indonesia has various tribes that spread over a large number of islands, and each has their own custom or tradition which is unique and different from each other. One of the customs or traditions is the funeral ceremony which can be found among Javanese and Balinese people, that is a ceremony held when someone is passed away. Based from the old inscriptions and manuscript funeral ceremony has already rooted in the past. They have their own terminology about the ceremony, although the ceremony itself principally has the same purposes. Compared to similar ceremony still undergoes until the present time, it is assumed that the custom or tradition is inherited for generations.
The legal aspects of ambush marketing
Authors: Jagodic Tone , Mateša Zlatko
Published: May 2019

Kako je sponzorstvo vitalni alat za nove izvore novca za sport, važno je postaviti određene standarde koji bi trebali biti strogo zaštićeni. Pojava ambush marketinga predstavlja aktivnost koja može naškoditi suštini sponzorstva. Može imati brojne oblike, ali u biti, to je napad na ekskluzivitet koji većina komercijalnih partnera sporta traži i želi, u ograničenoj mjeri, dobiti. Ekskluzivnost sponzora je element sponzorstva koji najčešće napadaju parazitske tvrtke. Mediji (posebno TV) igraju odlučujuću ulogu javnog mnijenja u vezi s povezivanjem sponzora i sponzoriranog subjekta. Očito je da se ovaj oblik prikrivenog marketinga (ili marketinga iz zasjede) može obaviti samo namjerno, a ne nemarno. U nekim njegovim slučajevima vidljivo je sudjelovanje sportaša. Sportaš bi trebao biti svjestan svojih odgovornosti: treba postojati precizan pregled obveza u raznim sponzorskim ugovorima sa sponzorima sportaša i njihovim timovima kako bi se izbjegla “unutarnja” zasjeda. Jedan od najvažnijih čimbenika je utvrđivanje odnosa između sponzora sportaša i sponzora njegovog (nacionalnog) tima. Većina sportskih organizacija (klubovi, nacionalni savezi, NOK-ovi, međunarodne federacije, MOO) su u poziciji da ne mogu preživjeti bez sponzorskih sredstava. Zbog toga je važno raditi sa svojim sportašima na različitim razinama kako bi se spriječili trgovci iz zasjede da koriste sportaše kako bi mnogo naštetili u odnosu s službenim sponzorima. Pravna zaštita od marketinga u zasedi od vitalne je važnosti za različite vrste sponzorstava i potpora. Prevencija i neposredan odgovor na pokušaje ambush marketinga ključni su jer su sponzori izuzetno osjetljivi i pažljivo prate način ponašanja sportaša u ovim slučajevima.Donošenje posebnih zakona protiv ambush marketinga predstavlja vrlo korisnu pravnu podršku organizatorima sportskih natjecanja. Vrlo je važno da sponzori i drugi nositelji prava imaju aktivnu politiku registracije i zaštite svih prava intelektualnog vlasništva vezanih uz sportski događaj.
Ovlasti nadzornog odbora u svezi s nadzorom uprave sportskog dioničkog društva
Authors: Brnabić Ratko
Published: May 2019

The Supervisory Board of the Sports Joint stock Companies acts as the representative organ of the shareholders between the General Meeting and the Executive Board: the General Meeting elects (or privileged person/shareholder simply names) the members of the Supervisory Board, and the Supervisory Board appoints the members of the Management. From this point of view, one could see the General Meeting as the supreme body of the company. But the Supervisory Board, in the carefully balanced interaction of the three bodies, known as a system of "checks and balances", also has considerable independence from the General Meeting. According to the organizational organization of the Joint stock Companies, the general meeting is not superior towards the two other organs. In particular, the Supervisory Board and its members are not subjects to any instructions from the General Meeting. Neither the election of a member of the Supervisory Board by the General Meeting nor the appointment of a Supervisory Board member by a shareholder (entitled to name his representative) constitutes an imperative mandate for those members. On the other hand, the option of dismissal, which is legally available at all times, as a rule ensures that the Supervisory Board members will not act against the wishes of the General Meeting.
Management measures cannot be delegated to the Supervisory Board. However, it must be determined by the Articles of Association or by resolution of the Supervisory Board that certain types of transactions may only be carried out with the approval of the Supervisory Board. By this right, the Supervisory Board will not become an executive body, equal with the Management Board, even in the case of transactions requiring approval: it can neither undertake the transactions in question itself, nor can it instruct the Executive Board to carry them out. The initiative remains with the Executive Board, which, even with the approval of the Supervisory Board, can still refrain from carrying out the business if it no longer considers it to be sensible and/or reasonable. The Management also remains fully responsible for the business with regard to liability; the approval by the Supervisory Board does not exempt them from an obligation to pay compensation for damages incurred. The Supervisory Board thus has the opportunity, by refusing its consent, to prevent the conduct of business intended by the Management Board.
The role of peace in Kelsen and Lauterpacht’s theories of international law
Authors: Krešić Mario
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of peace in the theory of international law of Hans Kelsen and Hersh Lauterpacht. The 1960 shift in Kelsen' s approach to the role of peace will be elaborated in detail. Along with the theoretical account on the connection between peace and law, both authors have directed their theories to practical matters in the existing international legal system. At the end of the analysis, the similarities and differences between Kelsen and Lauterpacht will be described.
Keterampilan Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Authors: Hastuti Dwi
Published: May 2019

Kemampuan berbahasa (language art, languageskill) mencakup empat segi, yaitu kemampuan menyimak (listening skill), kemampuan berbicara (speaking skill), kemampuan membaca (reading skill), dan kemampuan menulis (writing skill). Keempat aspek berbahasa tersebut sangat berperan penting dalam pengajaran suatu bahasa di Sekolah. Menulis teks eksposisi merupakan salah satu jenis teks yang diajarkan di sekolah menengah atas. Menulis teks eksposisi merupakan keterampilan yang memiliki peranan penting dalam kehidupan manusia untuk menyampaikan informasi sejelas-jelasnya, menambah wawasan, dan pengetahuan.
EVALUASI KUALITAS AIR PADA HULU TUKAD BADUNG DENGAN METODE STORET
Authors: Eka Partama I Gusti Ngurah
Published: May 2019

Sistem DAS merupakan suatu sistem hubungan antara hulu dan hilir, kerusakan yang terjadi di daerah hulu DAS akan mempengaruhi kondisi hulu sampai hilir DAS tersebut. Pada daerah hulu Tukad Badung terdapat cukup banyak pemukiman padat, industri berskala rumah tangga ataupun skala besar. Semakin padatnya penduduk di sempadan hulu Tukad Badung menyebabkan tingginya pencemaran di hulu sungai Tukad Badung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air pada bagian hulu Tukad Badung yang ditinjau secara fisik, kimia dan biologi serta pengklasifikasian mutu air hulu Tukad Badung menggunakan Metode STORET. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil 3 titik lokasi pengambilan sampel air pada Hulu Tukad Badung sepanjang lebih kurang7 km. Sampel air yang diambil diuji di Laboratorium yaitu UPT Lab. Kesehatan Masyarakat Provinsi Bali dan di Laboratorium Bina Medika.Proses pengujian dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh pihak laboratorium dan selanjutnya analisis dilakukan sesuai dengan laporan hasil pengujian laboratorium. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata suhu sebesar 26,87 oC, TDS sebesar 129,23 mg/l dan pH sebesar 7,17 yang masih memenuhi seluruh baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. Untuk nilai rata-rata COD 30 mg/l dan DO sebesar 4.77 mg/l hanya memenuhi baku mutu kelas III kemudian nilai rata-rata BOD sebesar 9.64 mg/l dan faecal coliform sebesar 46000/100 ml, dimana nilai tersebut tidak memenuhi seluruh baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. Hasil penilaian STORET di daerah hulu Tukad Badung berturut-turut memiliki skor -41 (cemar berat) dibandingkan dengan baku mutu kelas I, skor -35 (cemar berat) dibandingkan dengan baku mutu kelas II, skor -23 (cemar sedang) dibandingkan dengan baku mutu kelas III dan memiliki skor -17 (cemar sedang) dibandingkan dengan baku mutu kelas IV
PENGENALAN APLIKASI ELECTRONIC CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (E-CRM) PADA PELAKU USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DESA HARJATANI
Authors: Rosalina Vidila , Hamdan  , Harsiti
Published: May 2019

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di desa Harjatani sebagian besar masih dikelola dengan metode konvensional karena sentuhan teknologi informasi belum dilakukan secara optimal. Salah satu pendekatan bisnis modern adalah dengan memperhatikan faktor pelanggan, bukan saja sebelum transaksi, tapi tidak kalah penting adalah setelah transaksi. Sistem Teknologi Informasi yang digunakan untuk mengelola pelanggan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan retensi pelanggan ini disebut dengan Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM). Perangkat lunak E-CRM yang sekarang ada lebih berorientasi ke perusahaan besar yang sudah mapan, sehingga manfaatnya belum bias menyentuh UMKM. Pengabdian ini mencoba melakukan pengenalan aplikasi E-CRM pada para pelaku UMKM di Desa Harjatani Kecamatan Kramatwatu kabupaten serang Provinsi Banten dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan retensi pelanggan UMKM. Aplikasi E-CRM ini akan membantu UMKM dalam pengelolaan hubungan dengan pelanggan sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya saingnya dengan perusahaan lain dalam mempertahankan bisnis yang dijalankan dan sebagai sarana untuk memperoleh pasar baru yang lebih luas. Hasil pengabdian ini diharapkan mampu memperkenalkan aplikasi E-CRM UMKM dan pentingnya E-CRM dalam upaya meningkatkan retensi pelanggan UMKM.
Merawat Nilai Membangun Kota
Authors: FISU AMIRUDDIN AKBAR
Published: May 2019

Idealnya pembangunan suatu wilayah harus berangkat dari nilai luhur dari tujuan pembangunan itu sendiri. Tren pembangunan beberapa kota di Indonesia dilakukan dengan mencoba untuk mengadopsi kota-kota yang dianggap memiliki kisah sukses. Tulisan ini mengajak kita untuk melihat fenomena tren pembangunan kota di Indonesia.
The Uneven Perils of Unemployment and Underemployment: The Role of Employment Structure in explaining Rural-Urban Poverty Differences, 1970-2018.
Authors: Brooks Matthew M
Published: May 2019

There has been a persistent gap in the poverty rate between urban and rural areas of the United States. Much of this gap has be attributed to industrial composition, however employment composition also likely plays a key role. Underemployment and labor force non-participation have been become significant issues in rural areas. This study uses data from the Current Population Survey for 1970 to 2018 to understand how poverty rates among 6 employment groups —(1) not in the labor force, (2) discouraged workers, (3) unemployed workers, (4) low hours workers, (5) low income workers, and (6) adequately employed workers— can explain the persistent gap in poverty between urban and rural areas. Demographic standardization and decomposition techniques reveal that majority of the poverty gap is explained by differences in poverty rates for the employment groups. Rural individuals in all employment group have higher poverty rates than urban individuals in the same group. Analysis also shows that if rural America had either the employment structure or the employment specific poverty rates of urban America than poverty rates would be much lower in rural areas.
An Austrian proposal for the Classification of Open Access Tuples (COAT) – Distinguish different Open Access types beyond colors
Authors: Danowski Patrick
Published: May 2019

In this article a model is described how Open Access definitions can be formed on the basis of objective criteria. The common Open Access definitions such as "gold" and "green" are not exactly defined. This becomes a problem as soon as one begins to measure Open Access, for example if the development of the Open Access share should be monitored. This was discussed in the working group on Open Access Monitoring of the AT2OA project and the present model was developed, which is based on 5 criteria with 4 characteristics: location, licence, version, embargo and conditions of the Open Access publication are taken into account. In the meantime, the model has also been tested in practice using R scripts, and the initial results are quite promising.
Mitteilungen der OBVSG
Authors: Kronschläger Mathis
Published: May 2019

In den „Mitteilungen der OBVSG“ gibt die Österreichische Bibliothekenverbund und Service GmbH einen Überblick über aktuelle Ereignisse aus dem Verbund und der Verbundzentrale.
Pengembangan Model Social Media Marketing dan Keputusan Berkunjung: Sebuah Pendekatan Konseptual
Authors: Herman Lalu Edy , Athar Handry Sudiartha
Published: May 2019

Studi ini berangkat dari adanya masalah pembangunan pariwisata yang semakindipandang sebagaialat pentingdalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pengembangan pariwisata tidak terlepas dari strategi pemasaran sebagai upaya pencitraan dengan membangun destinasi pariwisata yang memadai. Sosial media merupakan fenomena terbaru yang memainkan peran penting dalam pemasaran sebuah produk atau layanan sebuah perusahaan, termasuk industri jasa pariwisata. Namun, sejauh mana efektifitas sosial media sebagai strategi promosi perlu untuk dikaji lebih jauh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih jauh efektivitas penggunaan sosial media dari sudut pandang pelanggan atau komunitas wisatawan dan pengembangan model empirik social media marketing terhadap keputusan berkunjung. Pendekatan studi kasus dan studi pustaka harus dilakukan untuk mengungkap sejauh mana efektivitas social media marketing dalam menjaring wisatawan lokal maupun mancanegara untuk berkunjung. Studi pustaka mencoba mengungkapkan inovasi-inovasi penggunaan sosial media dalam pemasaran industri pariwisata, sedangkan studi kasus berfokus pada pengaruh sosial media pada wisatawan yang berkunjung ke sebuah destinasi wisata. Temuan konseptual menunjukkan kecenderungan wisatawansaat ini mulai beralih ke media sosial untuk membantu merencanakan perjalanan mereka, sekaligus menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi calon wisatawan yang akan melakukan perjalanan wisata.
Vjera i razum
Authors: Tenace Michelina
Published: May 2019

The topic is covered in two sections: firstly, the reason is put forward for which the name of Vladimir Solovyov appears in the encyclical Faith and Reason (Fides et ratio), then, in the second section the author draws our attention to Solovyov’s thought as an example of originality in the sphere of culture. The article was inspired by an interesting detail concerning the encyclical Fides et ratio, as follows: in paragraph 74, among those cited as examples of authors who succeeded in their flight on „two wings,“ appears the name of the Russian thinker, Vladimir Solovyov. Solovyov’s thought is already developed in his first book, The Crisis of Western Philosophy (1874), namely, that the relationship between faith and reason reveals the manner in which a culture has resolved the relationship between individual and group authority which, in turn, depends upon the importance that it attributes to philosophy and theology.
Vjerske teme usmenoknjiževnih i drugih zapisa Milana Bubanovića iz križevačkoga kraja
Authors: Baran Tanja
Published: May 2019

U ovom se radu kontekstualiziraju i analiziraju zapisi mladoga novinara, poliglota i kritičara Milana Bubanovića (pod pseudonimom Milan Dimitrev) iz križevačkoga kraja s naglaskom na usmenoknjiževne zapise i vjerske teme koje se pojavljuju u tim zapisima. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja dokazati da su Križevci imali svojega predstavnika koji je zabilježio usmenoknjiževnu građu, ali i ostale sadržaje iz križevačke povijesti i suvremenosti, prema uputama Pitanja na sve priatelje domaćih starinah i jugoslavenske pověstnice, objavljenima u sredinom 19. stoljeća utemeljenom časopisu Arkiv za pověstnicu jugoslavensku, književnika i polihistora, prvoga predsjednika Matice hrvatske Ivana Kukuljevića Sakcinskoga. Bubanović je odgovorio na 12 od 26 postavljenih pitanja, u što je utkao i nekoliko usmenoknjiževnih žanrova: prve zapise predaja, vjerovanja i izreke u križevačkom kraju, od kojih su predaje vjerske tematike. Taj neveliki usmenoknjiževni korpus, kao i drugi zapisi, svjedoče o prožimanju usmene književnosti i vjerskih sadržaja od davnina i u križevačkom kraju.
Mapping Physiotherapy Use in Canada in Relation to Physiotherapist Distribution
Authors: Shah Tayyab I. , Milosavljevic Stephan , Trask Catherine , Bath Brenna
Published: May 2019

Purpose: In this cross-sectional study, we examined the distribution of physiotherapists at the health region level across Canada in relation to self-reported physiotherapy use across the provinces and territories. Method: We drew on two data sources: the physiotherapy use question from the 2014 Canadian Community Health Survey and physiotherapists’ primary employment information, obtained from the Canadian Institute of Health Information’s 2015 Physiotherapist Database. We then applied geospatial mapping and Pearson’s correlation analysis to the resulting variables. Results: Physiotherapy use is moderately associated with the distribution of physiotherapists (Pearson’s r92 = 0.581, p < 0.001). The use and distribution variables were converted into three categories using SDs of 0.5 from national means as cut-off values. Cross-classification between the variables revealed that 15.2% of health regions have a high use–high distribution ratio; 18.5% have a low use–low distribution ratio; 4.3% have a high use–low distribution ratio; 2.2% have a low use–high distribution ratio; and 60.0% have medium use–medium distribution ratio. Conclusions: The distribution of physiotherapists and self-reported physiotherapy use varies across health regions, indicating a potential inequality in geographical access. Given that most provinces have a regionalized approach to health human resources and health service delivery, these findings may be helpful to managers and policy-makers and may allow them to make a more granular comparison of intra- and inter-provincial differences and potential gaps.
Colombian Physiotherapists’ Use of Functional Outcome Measures in Their Practice
Authors: Renteria Cristian , Berg Katherine
Published: May 2019

Purpose: We examined physiotherapists’ use of functional outcome measures in their practice to compare the frequency of use of functional outcome measures and impairment-based measures and to explore policies and practices related to the use of functional outcome measures in Colombia. Method: Eligible participants were licensed physiotherapists actively practising in Colombia. They were recruited by means of a survey link sent via email by a continuing education organization to all the physiotherapists in its database and through snowball sampling. The survey was adapted from questionnaires previously used in similar research in other countries. We used descriptive statistics to describe the use of 14 functional outcome measures and 4 impairment-based measures that have been translated into Spanish and to compare the demographics of the participants who used and did not use the listed functional outcome measures. Results: Of the 606 respondents, 87% used 1–14 of the listed functional outcome measures regularly or sometimes in their practice. The most commonly used functional outcome measures were the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (59%), the Barthel Index (56%), and the Berg Balance Scale (53%). In addition, 60% of respondents reported their workplace does charting electronically, 66% stated that their practice mandates or regularly uses functional outcome measures, and 59% indicated that they can independently select which outcome measures to use. Conclusions: The majority of Colombian physiotherapists surveyed are using outcome measures in their practice, which indicates that they are engaged in evidence-based practice. Study findings may stimulate more sharing of information on patient outcomes among Colombian physiotherapists, promote further research, and contribute to advancing practice in Colombia.
Ossification of the pterygoalar and pterygospinous ligaments: a computed tomography analysis of infratemporal fossa anatomical variants relevant to percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy
Authors: Matys Tomasz , Ali Tariq , Zaccagna Fulvio , Barone Damiano G. , Kirollos Ramez W. , Massoud Tarik F.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Ossification of pterygoalar and pterygospinous ligaments traversing the superior aspect of the infratemporal fossa results in formation of osseous bars that can obstruct percutaneous needle access to the trigeminal ganglion through the foramen ovale (FO), interfere with lateral mandibular nerve block, and impede transzygomatic surgical approaches. Presence of these ligaments has been studied on dry skulls, but description of their radiological anatomy is scarce, in particular on cross-sectional imaging. The aim of this study was to describe visualization of pterygoalar and pterygospinous bars on computed tomography (CT) and to review their prevalence and clinical significance.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed 200 helical sinonasal CT scans by analyzing 0.75- to 1.0-mm axial images, maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstructions, and volume rendered (VR) images, including views along the anticipated axis of the needle in percutaneous Hartel and submandibular approaches to the FO.

RESULTS

Ossified pterygoalar and pterygospinous ligaments were readily identifiable on CT scans. An ossified pterygoalar ligament was demonstrated in 10 patients, including 1 individual with bilateral complete ossification (0.5%), 4 patients with unilateral complete ossification (2.0%), and 5 with incomplete unilateral ossification (2.5%). Nearly all patients with pterygoalar bars were male (90%, p < 0.01). An ossified pterygospinous ligament was seen in 35 patients, including 2 individuals with bilateral complete (1.0%), 8 with unilateral complete (4%), 8 with bilateral incomplete (4.0%), 12 with bilateral incomplete (6.0%) ossification, and 5 (2.5%) with mixed ossification (complete on one side and incomplete on the contralateral side). All pterygoalar bars interfered with a hypothetical needle access to the FO using the Hartel approach but not the submandibular approach. In contrast, 54% of complete and 24% of incomplete pterygospinous bars impeded the submandibular approach to the FO, without affecting the Hartel approach.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides the first detailed description of cross-sectional radiological and applied surgical anatomy of pterygoalar and pterygospinous bars. Our data are clinically useful during skull base imaging to predict potential obstacles to percutaneous cannulation of the FO and assist in the choice of approach, as these two variants differentially impede the Hartel and submandibular access routes. Our results can also be useful in planning surgical approaches to the skull base through the infratemporal fossa.
Accumulated thermal dose in MRI-guided focused ultrasound for essential tremor: repeated sonications with low focal temperatures
Authors: Jones Ryan M. , Kamps Shona , Huang Yuexi , Scantlebury Nadia , Lipsman Nir , Schwartz Michael L. , Hynynen Kullervo
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

The object of this study was to correlate lesion size with accumulated thermal dose (ATD) in transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatments of essential tremor with focal temperatures limited to 50°C–54°C.

METHODS

Seventy-five patients with medically refractory essential tremor underwent MRgFUS thalamotomy at the authors’ institution. Intraoperative MR thermometry was performed to measure the induced temperature and thermal dose distributions (proton resonance frequency shift coefficient = −0.00909 ppm/°C). In 19 patients, it was not possible to raise the focal temperature above 54°C because of unfavorable skull characteristics and/or the pain associated with cranial heating. In this patient subset, sonications with focal temperatures between 50°C and 54°C were repeated (5.1 ± 1.5, mean ± standard deviation) to accumulate a sufficient thermal dose for lesion formation. The ATD profile sizes (17, 40, 100, 200, and 240 cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C [CEM43]) calculated by combining axial MR thermometry data from individual sonications were correlated with the corresponding lesion sizes measured on axial T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) MR images acquired 1 day posttreatment. Manual corrections were applied to the MR thermometry data prior to thermal dose accumulation to compensate for off-resonance–induced spatial-shifting artifacts.

RESULTS

Mean lesion sizes measured on T2w MRI (5.0 ± 1.4 mm) were, on average, 28% larger than those measured on T1w MRI (3.9 ± 1.4 mm). The ATD thresholds found to provide the best correlation with lesion sizes measured on T2w and T1w MRI were 100 CEM43 (regression slope = 0.97, R2 = 0.66) and 200 CEM43 (regression slope = 0.98, R2 = 0.89), respectively, consistent with data from a previous study of MRgFUS thalamotomy via repeated sonications at higher focal temperatures (≥ 55°C). Two-way linear mixed-effects analysis revealed that dominant tremor subscores on the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST) were statistically different from baseline at 3 months and 1 year posttreatment in both low-temperature (50°C–54°C) and high-temperature (≥ 55°C) patient cohorts. No significant fixed effect on the dominant tremor scores was found for the temperature cohort factor.

CONCLUSIONS

In transcranial MRgFUS thalamotomy for essential tremor, repeated sonications with focal temperatures between 50°C and 54°C can accumulate a sufficient thermal dose to generate lesions for clinically relevant tremor suppression up to 1 year posttreatment, and the ATD can be used to predict the size of the resulting ablation zones measured on MRI. These data will serve to guide future clinical MRgFUS brain procedures, particularly those in which focal temperatures are limited to below 55°C.
Registration of ‘FourOsix’ Hard Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Berg J. E. , Eberly J. O. , Lamb P. F. , Miller J. H. , Chen C. , Kephart K. D. , Pradhan G. P. , Stougaard R. N. , Nash D. L. , Holen D. L. , Cook J. P. , Gale S. , Jin Y. , Kolmer J. A. , Chen X. , Bai G. , Bruckner P. L.
Published: May 2019

‘FourOsix’ (Reg. no. CV‐1153, PI 689753) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2018. FourOsix was derived from a composite of five single crosses of the predominant cultivar Yellowstone to advanced Montana breeding lines. FourOsix was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F5:6 headrow. FourOsix was tested under the experimental number MT1465 in Montana yield trials from 2014 to 2018. FourOsix is a high‐yielding, winter‐hardy hard red winter wheat cultivar with medium maturity, medium to high grain protein concentration, and excellent milling and baking quality. FourOsix was released for its excellent grain yield performance in winter wheat production environments of Montana, with earlier heading date, reduced plant height, improved grain volume weight, and improved stripe rust resistance relative to Yellowstone.
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Decline in Resting State Functional Connectivity after Total Knee Arthroplasty with General Anesthesia
Authors: Hardcastle Cheshire , Huang Hua , Crowley Sam , Tanner Jared , Hernaiz Carlos , Rice Mark , Parvataneni Hari , Ding Mingzhou , Price Catherine C.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Research shows that older adults can have a decline in three key resting state networks (default mode network, central executive network, and salience network) after total knee arthroplasty and that patients’ pre-surgery brain and cognitive integrity predicts decline.

Objectives:

First, to assess resting state network connectivity decline from the perspective of nodal connectivity changes in a larger older adult surgery sample. Second, to compare pre-post functional connectivity changes in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus non-MCI.

Methods:

Surgery ( n = 69) and non-surgery ( n = 65) peers completed a comprehensive preoperative neuropsychological evaluation and pre- and acute (within 48 hours) post-surgery/pseudo-surgery functional brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. MCI was classified within both (MCI surgery, n = 13; MCI non-surgery, n = 10). Using standard coordinates, we defined default mode network, salience network, central executive network, and the visual network (serving as a control network). The functional connectivity of these networks and brain areas (nodes) that make up these networks were examined for pre-post-surgery changes through paired samples t-test and ANOVA.

Results:

There was a decline in RSN connectivity after surgery ( p < 0.05) only in the three cognitive networks (not the visual network). The default mode and salience network showed nodal connectivity changes ( p < 0.01). MCI surgery had greater functional connectivity decline in DMN and SN. Non-surgery participants showed no significant functional connectivity change.

Conclusion:

Surgery with general anesthesia selectively alters functional connectivity in major cognitive resting state networks particularly in DMN and SN. Participants with MCI appear more vulnerable to these functional changes.
Prioritizing Benefits: A Content Analysis of the Ethics in Dementia Technology Policies
Authors: Robillard Julie M. , Wu Julia M. , Feng Tanya L. , Tam Mallorie T.
Published: May 2019

Background:

As the global prevalence of dementia rises, care costs impose a large burden on healthcare systems. Technology solutions in dementia care have the potential to ease this burden. While policies exist to guide and govern the use of dementia care technologies, little is known about how ethical considerations are incorporated into these documents.

Objective:

The goal of this study was to examine ethics-related content in dementia care technology policies.

Methods:

We used a two-step data mining approach to collect a sample of dementia technology policies. Policy documents were analyzed using emergent content analysis. Following the coding of the sample, thematic categories were organized using the principles of biomedical ethics as a framework.

Results:

A total of 23 policy documents from four Alzheimer associations in four countries were included in our analysis. General ethics considerations and themes related to beneficence were mentioned in 96% of the documents. Thematic categories related to justice were present in 74% of the sample, themes related to non-maleficence appeared in 52% of documents, and themes related to autonomy appeared in 43% of the sample.

Conclusion:

While ethical considerations are present in existing policies for dementia care technology, these considerations revolve primarily around the benefit of the technologies. Further efforts are needed to provide formal guidance that incorporates both benefits and potential harms.
Design optimization of a laser path length controller through numerical analysis and experimental validation
Authors: Fenercioğlu Tevfik Ozan , Yalçinkaya Tuncay
Published: May 2019

As an integral part of Strapdown Inertial Navigation Systems, ring laser gyroscopes (RLG) are exposed to joint loading conditions where thermal, static and dynamic loads occur simultaneously. The effects of different loading conditions on overall RLG performance should be addressed in parallel for an optimum design. A crucial aspect in this process is the development of the path length controller (PLC), consisting of a mirror, a composite piezo electric bending actuator and other motion transfer elements. This study presents an analogy between the external loading (static, dynamic, thermal, and vibration) on PLC and the RLG signal stability, which has been studied only partially in the open literature. 5 different PLC designs are analyzed through finite element method and the results are validated experimentally using the composite piezo electric bending actuator by mode-scanning and PZT feedback tests. Obtained results illustrate the axial and the radial displacement (also named mirror tilt) capacity of different PLC designs. Disruptive effects of radial displacement of the PLC mirrors on RLG signal stability are observed. The study is concluded with the classification of different PLC designs for distinctive loading conditions, which is believed to be valuable for the aerospace industry.
Mendukung Kepemimpinan Pendidikan yang Bijaksana: Kepemimpinan Imperatif dan Langkah-Langkah Memajukan Program Pembelajaran dalam Rangka Mempersiapkan Pendidikan Abad ke 21 sebagai Abad Pengetahuan dalam Perspektif Al Qur’an dalam Term Ijtihad
Authors: Padi Achmad
Published: May 2019

Wise leadership (education) will direct its ranks to wise teaching as well, grow from honing the main vision of teaching, gathering and reflecting various relevant information about the development of the current situation and embodying clarity of vision, and building further steps from the development of the current situation , and hierarchically compiled a team to study and implement all developments by holding on to the main normative keys of the Qur'an and Hadith. The purpose of this study is to describe efforts to support wise educational leadership: imperative leadership and steps to advance learning programs in order to prepare for 21st century education as a century of knowledge in the perspective of the Qur'an. From the discussion it was concluded that: to advance education and learning programs in schools, the school ranks, especially the principal, as the motorbike do the following things: 1) guided by the main key to change, namely the Qur'an and Hadith; 2) linking school elements and stakeholders in adjusting various aspects of the system and educator practices that contribute to learning achievement; 3) explore data updates on externally locally, regionally and nationally in order to identify current problems and plan internal improvements; 4) planning the development of educational programs to improve student achievement (short and long term); 5) consider the benefits of building support for change in improving educational programs from teachers, administrators, students, parents, education boards, and the wider community
Analysis of Value Added Distribution of Brown Sugar (Saka) Agroindustry in Bukik Batabuah Village Canduang Sub-district Agam Regency
Authors: Firnalista Nadia , Nofialdi Nofialdi , Azriani Zednita
Published: May 2019

Rural agroindustry can absorb a relatively high labor rate, but the added value of the products is very low, resulting in low labor productivity. This research aims at describing the process of sugarcane into brown sugar and analyzing the added value of brown sugar agroindustry as well as its distribution in Bukik Batabuah Village, Canduang Agam Sub-district. The data were collected from six brown sugar processing home industries. This research found that there were three kinds of brown sugar namely saka kariang, saka gatah kuniang and saka gatah merah, which were only different in the time of cooking, storage process of tengguli, and heating of tengguli on saka gatah processing. These made the three types of brown sugar have different texture, taste, color and price. From their added value, saka kariang and saka gatah kuniang were classified as medium products, while saka gatah merah was classified as a low product. In addition, this research reveals that the smallest added value distribution was received by paid labors. Based on the findings, the following suggestions are recommended: (1) the brown sugar business should focus on developing a business of saka kariang processing; and (2) the added value of brown sugar could be enhanced by the use of effective and efficient production machinery, so that the added value distributed to the brown sugar agroindustry could be improved
Encapsulated Curcuma aeruginosa: Inhibition Method of Bitter Receptor Cells from The Perspective of Wall Formation
Authors: Sihombing Monang , Ananingsih Victoria Kristina
Published: May 2019

Curcuma aeruginosa is one of the herbs with health benefits and has been used in traditional medicine, has the characteristic bitter taste, so that limited use was. The formation of walls in the active component coating process can minimize direct contact of bitter receptor cells in the oral peripherals so the perception of bitterness can be reduced. This study used a variation of the WPI concentration as the coating wall materials 10%, 15% and 20%. Formation of coating walls was analyzed using SEM later in the sensory test for effectiveness decreased level of bitterness. The addition of 10% WPI results in the best wall formation was in Curcuma aeruginosa, which could decrease perception of significant bitterness. In contrast to the addition of WPI 15% and 20% were found in an oval shape, craters and ruptures form on coating wall, reducing the protection of the core component and contact with bitter receptor cells in the oral peripheral resulting in bitters taste perception increasing.
Trade Effect of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) on Indonesia's Shrimp Export
Authors: Khaliqi Muhammad , Rifin Amzul , Adhi Andriyono Kilat
Published: May 2019

The development of the implementation of non-tariff measure policy, in the world market which has a trend, increased every year. There are seven (7) NTM policies mostly implemented in the international market. The most policy application is the implementation of Technical Barriers to Trade and Sanitary and Phytosanitary. Agricultural commodities both vegetables and live animal products are commodities mostly become subject to NTM policy in the form of SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary) and TBT (Technical Barriers on Trade) in the international market. Indonesia as an agricultural country that has advantages in agriculture and fisheries cannot avoid the implementation of SPS and TBT policies. This research was aimed to analyze the effect of SPS and TBT on Indonesia’s shrimp export using the gravity model. The results showed that the GDP of exporters and the exchange rate have negative influences on Indonesia’s shrimp exports. Meanwhile, the GDP of the importers and trade cost have positive influences on the export of shrimp Indonesia. while the SPS policy and TBT don’t affect Indonesia's exports of shrimp in the international market. This indicates that Indonesian shrimp exporters are able to quickly adjust the SPS and TBT policies applied by importing countries.
Substitution of Anchovy Waste Flour for Fish Meal as Conventional Feed on Quail Performance (Coturnix-coturnix japonica)
Authors: Putra Andhika , Dahlan Ismail , Pratama Andika
Published: May 2019

Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is one of the leading poultry that has a pretty good role and prospect as an egg producer and as a meat producer. The most important factor in the maintenance of quail is feed, because 80% of the costs incurred by farmers for the purchase of feed. Attempts to rotate waste is to utilize anchovy Waste enough to be used as a substitution of fish meal in the manufacture of artificial feed quail. Anchovy waste in artificial feed is expected to reduce the use of fish meal in quail feed. From the results of proximate test that has been done the protein content of starch produced 44.43%.The purpose of this research is to know the content of the fish waste flour as a feed conventional to the growth. The method used in this research is Randomized Complete Design (RAL) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Parameters used were feed consumption, average weight gain and feed conversion. The results showed that the use of anchovy waste flour as conventional feed was very helpful in the consumption of rations, weight gain and feed conversion. The conclusion of this study is used of anchovy waste can replace fish flour as a protein source in laying quail rations.
Growth Response and Production of Soybean (Glyicine max (L.) on Application of Phosphorous Fertilizer and Rhizobium Inoculation
Authors: Manurung Dedy Susanto , Hasanah Yaya , Sipayung Rosita
Published: May 2019

Increased soybean production both from quantity and quality continues to be pursued with extensification and intensification. During this time, fertilization is one of the cultivation techniques that is expected to contribute significantly in increasing soybean production. This study aims to determine the response of growth and production of soybean to Phosphorous (P) fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation. This research was conducted at Jl. Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara, from August-November 2017 with P fertilizer (SP-36) treatments (0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha) and Rhizobium inoculation treatments (0, 5, 10 g/kg of seed). Variables observed were number of nodule root, number of filled pods, dry weight of seed per plant, dry weight of seed per plot and dry weight of 100 seeds. The results showed rhizobium inoculation significantly affected to the number of effective root nodules (nodules), filled pods, dry weight of seed per plant and dry weight of seed per plot with the best treatment was Rhizobium inoculation 5g/kg of seed) while the P fertilizer treatment and interaction between the two had no significant effect to all variables observed.
On Mathematical Braids
Authors: Baldemor Milagros
Published: May 2019

A braid is any sequence of crossings of the -strand braid with a positive number n, provided none of the strands are self-crossing. The idea is that braids can be organized into groups, in which the group operation is *, which means: “do the first braid on a set of strands, and then follow it with a second on the twisted strand”. This study dealt with the formulation of additional basic properties of mathematical braids and the connection of mathematical braids to exponential theorems. Moreover, the researchers developed a program that could generate the total number of crossings and the total number of generators in an n-strand braid with a positive number n.
Pengaruh Suhu Interesterifikasi RBDPO/RBDPS Terhadap Komposisi Trigliserida dan Nilai Kandungan Lemak Padat dalam Pembuatan Lemak Margarin
Authors: Ginting Mimpin , Kaban Jamaran , Sihotang Herlince , Tobing Hendri
Published: May 2019

Pembuatan lemak margarin melalui interesterifikasi dalam industri merupakan suatu proses yang dapat digunakan menggantikan proses blendingan dan hidrogenasi. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi proses interesterifikasi adalah suhu pemanasan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan lemak margarin melalui proses interesterifikasi dari bahan dasar berbasis minyak kelapa sawit yaitu RBDPO dan RBDPS menggunakan katalis NaOCH 3 dan ingin diketahui pengaruh suhu proses interesterifikasi terhadap nilai kandungan lemak padat (SFC) dan komposisi trigliserida dari variasi suhu pada temperatur 70, 90, 110, 130 dan 150 °C menggunakan perbandingan campuran RBDPO : RBDPS = 70 :30 dan 80:20 (b/b). Komposisi trigliserida hasil interesterifikasi ditentukan melalui analisis kromatografi gas, sedangkan nilai SFC melalui fulsa NMR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh suhu pemanasan terhadap proses interesterifikasi RBDPO : RBDPS baik pada rasio 70 : 30 maupun 80: 20 (b/b) dapat memberikan perubahan komposisi trigliserida maupun nilai SFC dari lemak margarin yang dihasilkan.

 

The production of margarine fat through interesterification in industry is a process that can be used to replace blending and hydrogenation processes. One of the factors that influence the interesterification process is the heating temperature. In this study, margarine fat was produced through the interesterification process of palm oil based materials namely RBDPO and RBDPS using NaOCH3 catalyst. It was aimed to find the effect of the interesterification process temperature on the value of solid fat content (SFC) and triglyceride composition from temperature variations at 70, 90, 110, 130 and 150 °C use a mixed ratio of RBDPO: RBDPS = 70 : 30 and 80 : 20 (w /w). The composition of triglycerides from the results of interesterification was determined through gas chromatography analysis, while the value of SFC was determined with NMR module. The results showed that the effect of the heating temperature on the interesterification process of RBDPO: RBDPS was at the ratio of 70: 30 and 80: 20 (w / w) and could cause a change in the composition of triglycerides and SFC values ​​of margarine fat produced.