bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The building materials of “Colle del Melogno” Central Fort (Liguria, Italy)
Authors: Fratini Fabio , Mattone Manuela , Rescic Silvia
Published: May 2020

The Melogno pass (Colle del Melogno) is located at 1026 m above sea level, between the high Val Bormida and the hinterland of the Finalese (province of Savona) and is one of the highest mountain passes in the Ligurian Alps. In ancient times, this zone was considered strategically important from the military point of view since it is located at the crossroads of many communication routes. In these areas, in November 1795, during the “Battle of Loano”, the French army, commanded by Andrea Massena and the allied army of Austria, prevailed over the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by Oliver Remigius von Wallis. However, the territory remained possession of the Kingdom of Sardinia and, between 1883 and 1895, the worsening of relations with France induced the government to erect, near the pass, three imposing fortifications (Tortagna, Settepani and Centrale) to prevent an entry into Piedmont by armies coming from the coast. For the same purpose other fortifications were erected near the passes of Tenda, Nava, Turchino and near the villages of Zuccarello, Altare and Vado. The most impressive among the three fortifications of Melogno pass is the Central Fort. It occupies all the saddle of the pass and it is crossed by the provincial road 490 connecting the coast of Finale Ligure to Piedmont. The fort, still of military property, is a listed historical artefact. It has a polygonal shape, with a main barrack developed on two floors. Four defensive and attacking emplacements were located outside the main complex, along a detached hill, with heavy artillery pointed towards the coast. The study will examine the natural and artificial stone materials used for the building through mineralogical and petrographic analysis and will verify both the variations occurred during the construction phases and the relations with the local supply sources.
Cagliari capitale e città di frontiera nel Mediterraneo di età moderna: l’utilizzo dello spazio e le mura nelle fonti d’archivio
Authors: Mele Maria Grazia Rosaria
Published: May 2020

Cagliari capital and frontier city in the Mediterranean of the modern age: the use of space and walls in archival sourcesIn a city already formed in its essential traits, with its historic districts of Castello, Stampace, Villanova and Llapola, the Hispanic Monarchy had a great influence on Cagliari urban structure adapting the defenses to the new war needs, exploiting to the most the internal walls space and encouraging the cultivation of extra moenia areas left in a state of abandonment. Cagliari was a composite city, were the inner integration between Catalans-Aragonese and Sardinians progressively settled and interacted with different ethnicities, as in other urban realities of the Mediterranean frontiers of that time. Through the archive sources (emphyteusis concessions of state property and notarial acts), it is possible to perceive a lively city and locate the sacred and profane places: palaces, streets, squares, fountains, churches and convents are cited as fundamental citizen reference points. The emphyteusis give us an important basic framework which allows us to know both the urban structure and the policy of the Crown at the same time, through the management of the state properties. Notary’s acts integrate these data bringing interesting information on private estates and on architectural characteristics of the realty.
Recursos pedagógicos para as bases da aprendizagem matemática: um estudo envolvendo o transtorno do espectro autista
Authors: Brito Silvia Cristina Costa , Geller Marlise
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo traz um recorte da dissertação Bases da aprendizagem Matemática e o Transtorno do Espectro Autista: um estudo sobre relações numéricas nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, cujo objetivo geral foi investigar como se constituem as relações numéricas de alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, considerando as bases da aprendizagem matemática: contagem, esquemas protoquantitativos e resolução de situações-problemas. A investigação envolveu crianças com o Transtorno do Espectro Autista, buscando compreender suas capacidades de contar, desenvolvendo diferentes formas de relações numéricas primordiais para o aprendizado do número e da aritmética, seguindo os esquemas protoquantitativos. Nesse estudo utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa com enfoque exploratório e descritivo, sendo que as intervenções pedagógicas aconteceram no Laboratório de Aprendizagem de uma escola particular de ensino regular. Para abordar conceitos matemáticos foram utilizados de materiais concretos, visando ampliar a inter-relação entre o real e o abstrato, a partir de interesses dos alunos participantes da pesquisa. Desta forma, a adaptação curricular torna-se um aspecto importante para o processo de aprendizagem, potencializando conexões com as vivências e preferências dos alunos e ressignificando conhecimentos matemáticos.
Efeito da burocracia no custo de transação econômica na Pró-Reitoria de Administração da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido
Authors: Guerra Fabianny de Sales , Sales Luciana Batista , Almeida Carlos Alano Soares de , Oliveira Adriana Martins de , Xavier Júnior Antônio Erivando
Published: May 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar o efeito da burocracia no custo de transação econômica na Pró-Reitoria de Administração/PROAD da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Nessa perspectiva, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa, que se desenvolveu por meio de um estudo de caso, mediante a triangulação dos dados coletados. Para tanto, inicialmente, foi posto em prática, o instrumento de coleta, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada com o Pró-Reitor da PROAD e a diretora do setor de contratos. Os dados foram tratados, atendendo aos preceitos da análise de conteúdo; para isso, primeiramente, transcreveu-se a entrevista, que posteriormente foi importada para o Software Atlas ti 8.0. Logo após, fez-se o trabalho de codificação que, com a finalização, empregou-se a categorização dos dados, com o propósito de criar famílias de acordo com as dimensões estudadas. Em seguida, foi possível conceber redes para a sua devida análise e discussões e por fim encontrar os resultados que respondessem ao problema de pesquisa. Os achados evidenciaram que a frequência das transações é nula, consequentemente, inexiste uma forte especificidade de ativos; bem como a racionalidade limitada, oportunismo e incerteza são atributos atenuados pelas normas burocráticas da Instituição.
De naleving van de Corporate Governance Code 2016 door (beurs)vennootschappen
Authors: Rietveld S.
Published: May 2020

De naleving van de Corporate Governance Code 2016 door (beurs)vennootschappen. Het eerste Monitoring Rapport van de commissie-Van der Meer Mohr

In deze bijdrage bespreekt de auteur het op 13 december 2019 gepubliceerde Monitoring Rapport van de vierde Monitoring Commissie Corporate Governance Code. Hierin wordt voor het eerst verslag gedaan over de in 2016 herziene Corporate Governance Code en de naleving daarvan over boekjaar 2018. Daarnaast besteedt de Monitoring Commissie aandacht aan enkele specifieke governance onderwerpen en benoemt zij enkele aandachtspunten.
Motieven voor naleving van de wettelijke anti-witwasmeldplicht
Authors: Rakké J.T. , Huisman W.
Published: May 2020

Motieven voor naleving van de wettelijke anti-witwasmeldplicht

Toezichthouders hebben ernstige tekortkomingen geconstateerd bij het melden van ongebruikelijke transacties door meldplichtige instanties. Grootbanken zijn zelfs onderwerp van strafrechtelijk onderzoek. Om meer inzicht te verkrijgen in de motivaties van financiële instellingen om een melding te maken, wordt in dit artikel onderzocht welke factoren een rol spelen bij het naleven van de Wwft-meldplicht bij banken, accountancykantoren en trustkantoren. Deze factoren leiden tot economische, sociale en normatieve motieven die hoofdzakelijk aan het naleven van de meldplicht in de weg staan. Dit onderzoek draagt daarmee bij aan inzicht in de oorzaken van de eerder geconstateerde tekortkoming in de naleving van de anti-witwasmeldplicht.
Feitelijk leidinggeven in het milieustrafrecht
Authors: Veenendaal T.W. , Velthuis M.
Published: May 2020

Feitelijk leidinggeven in het milieustrafrecht

In het artikel ‘Feitelijk leidinggeven in het milieustrafrecht’ geven Tara Veenendaal en Marleen Velthuis een overzicht van de belangwekkende jurisprudentie van de afgelopen twee jaar, waaruit kan worden afgeleid hoe het Openbaar Ministerie en de rechter in het milieustrafrecht omgaan met de vervolging van de vermeende feitelijk leidinggevers aan gedragingen door de rechtspersoon. De recente jurisprudentie komt aan de hand van een aantal thema’s aan de orde. Daarna wordt ingegaan op de gepubliceerde transacties van milieuovertredingen door ondernemingen en in hoeverre de rol van natuurlijke personen daarin terugkomt. Het artikel sluit af met een verwachting voor de toekomst.
Was wir sagen und was wir nicht sagen. Eine Erwiderung auf Silke van Dyk und Stefanie Graefe
Authors: Jörke Dirk , Nachtwey Oliver
Published: May 2020

Unser Beitrag zur Analyse des Aufstiegs des Rechtspopulismus »Die rechtspopulistische Hydraulik der Sozialdemokratie« ist Gegenstand einer unter anderem im Leviathan veröffentlichten Kritik Silke van Dyks und Stefanie Graefes geworden. Dabei werden uns Positionen unterstellt, die wir eindeutig nicht vertreten. Zudem wird uns unterstellt, dass wir für eine Rücknahme der identitätspolitischen Errungenschaften plädieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag enthält eine Erwiderung und Richtigstellung. Wir empfehlen linken beziehungsweise sozialdemokratischen Parteien nicht, die Positionen »linksautoritärer« Menschen zu adaptieren, sondern wieder stärker die Ursachen von Autoritarismus in den Blick zu nehmen.
Die Kosmopoliten als Profiteure des Nationalstaats und seiner Institutionen Zu den ökonomischen Voraussetzungen kosmopolitischer Einstellungen
Authors: Hartmann Michael
Published: May 2020

In der Debatte über Kosmopoliten und Kommunitaristen bleibt eine Frage offen oder wird erst gar nicht gestellt: Inwieweit hängen kosmopolitische Einstellungen auch mit der Möglichkeit zusammen, sich auf dem Arbeitsmarkt effektiv vor der Konkurrenz durch hochqualifizierte Ausländer schützen zu können? Dieser Frage geht der Aufsatz anhand umfangreicher Daten über die akademischen Berufstätigen in Deutschland nach. Die Antwort lautet: Die deutschen Hochschulabsolventen erfahren durch unterschiedliche, mit dem Nationalstaat verbundene (formelle wie informelle) Mechanismen Schutz vor der Arbeitsmarktkonkurrenz durch Ausländer, und das dürfte ein wichtiger Grund für ihre positive Einstellung gegenüber offenen Grenzen sein.
Albert Camus – Revolution und Revolte
Authors: Oei Bernd
Published: May 2020

Taking three well-known biographies and Camus’s own diaries into account, philosopher and literary scholar Bernd Oei provides an expert and accessible personal survey of the life and philosophical and literary work of Albert Camus. Analogies to well-known contemporary thinkers, but also mavericks like Vian and Char, are being examined, as are Camus’s attitude in the Algerian War and his private crises.

In addition to an overview over central terms in Camus’s work such as the absurd, freedom or love, another focus of this interdisciplinary volume lies on the summary of Camus’s essays and their ratiocination on his literary work.
Prophylactic and Therapeutic Role of Human Breast Milk Proteins and Bioactive Peptides against Neonatal Bacterial Infections
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Kaur Panaich Mandeep , Kaur Virk Simrat , Choudhary Mahima , Sharma Chandni , Chauhan Sunita , Chadha Parul , Sharma Vandana
Published: May 2020

Breast milk represents nature’s best mechanism to provide complete nourishment and protection to the newborn. Human breast milk acts as a store house of an array of bioactive factors, which includes antimicrobial proteins and antimicrobial peptides that confer early protection while lowering the incidence of developing various infections and exhibiting immune modulation property to activate the immune cells to fight against the invading pathogens. Among the bioactive peptides, endogenous peptides present in breast milk have opened a new window of research on studying their unique mechanisms of action. This will help in incorporating these peptides in formula milk for meeting special needs where breastfeeding is not possible. The present chapter aims to give a deep insight into the various antimicrobial peptides and the newly reported endogenous peptides in human breast milk with emphasis on their levels and activity in preterm milk as data related to this is lacking and preterm newborns are highly vulnerable to acquire infections. Further, the chapter focuses on highlighting the antibacterial mechanisms adopted by the bioactive peptides for protection against the neonatal bacterial pathogens with special emphasis on the infections caused by resistant bacterial strains in hospital settings (neonatal wards) and their future implications.
Task-Based Conceptual Design of a Novel Product
Authors: Darbinyan Hrayr
Published: May 2020

A novel task-based conceptual design method introduced around a decade ago has been presented from its most characteristic points including the general idea, usage and modification of previous art, usage and modification of independent sets of functional and mechanical means for implementation of those functions, creation of intermediate mechanical-functional sets supporting the development of new structures like models, visualization of the design process, and so on. The current paper aims to reveal a non-computerized graphically visualized set of actions covering all the above-mentioned major steps of the suggested methodology. The success of synthesizing action greatly depends on the method of creation submechanisms or virtual mechanisms, which are making possible visualization and consideration intermediate structures helping to identify and implement a necessary function. The method of creating of such subcategories and application of elementary movements or set of links for explaining or satisfying demanded set of functions could be considered the main methodical novelty and strength of proposed conceptual design method. Two examples are included: the first reinvention of a known tool—Locking Pliers from database and second synthesis of a novel hand tool—Adjustable Nut Wrench.
Natural Language Processing Applications in Business
Authors: Bahja Mohammed
Published: May 2020

Increasing dependency of humans on computer-assisted systems has led to researchers focusing on more effective communication technologies that can mimic human interactions as well as understand natural languages and human emotions. The problem of information overload in every sector, including business, healthcare, education etc., has led to an increase in unstructured data, which is considered not to be useful. Natural language processing (NLP) in this context is one of the effective technologies that can be integrated with advanced technologies, such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and deep learning, to improve the process of understanding and processing the natural language. This can enable human-computer interaction in a more effective way as well as allow for the analysis and formatting of large volumes of unusable and unstructured data/text in various industries. This will deliver meaningful outcomes that can enhance decision-making and thus improve operational efficiency. Focusing on this aspect, this chapter explains the concept of NLP, its history and development, while also reviewing its application in various industrial sectors.
Future Satellite System Architectures and Practical Design Issues: An Overview
Authors: M. Nguyen Tien
Published: May 2020

This chapter discusses existing and future trends on the design and build of “Modular” and “Open” satellite Bus and mission payload along with practical design issues associated with the use of Modular Open System Approach (MOSA). Existing modular Bus and mission payload architectures for typical commercial, civilian, and military satellite systems will be discussed. The chapter provides space industry views on “Open” versus “Close” interfaces design and addresses the challenges associated with open interfaces using Open System Architecture (OSA) approach using MOSA principles. The system interfaces discuss in this chapter include (i) internal to satellite Bus and mission Payload (PL), (2) between satellite Bus and mission payload, and (3) external to both satellite Bus and mission payload.
Nesting Behavior of Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indicaErxleben, 1777) in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, Southern India
Authors: Arockianathan Samson
Published: May 2020

The present study was carried out on the nesting behavior of IGS in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve during the month of June 2015 to June 2017 (2 years). A total of 192 nesting trees with 279 nests belong to 19 tree species were identified as nesting trees preferences of IGS. Of which Bambusa arundinacea grass species was the dominant nesting grass species of the IGS in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (11%, n = 22). The overall nest height of the IGS was 19.70 m and a maximum height of 34 m and a minimum height of 8 m. The nest direction shows that the North East held the number of the nest (n = 137), and the nest position shows that the Crown (n = 197) contained the number of the nest. The nest position shows that top (n = 220) were contained the number of nests compared to the middle (n = 59). On the other hand, no nest was placed on the down position.
Quasiconformal Reflections across Polygonal Lines
Authors: L. Krushkal Samuel
Published: May 2020

An important open problem in geometric complex analysis is to establish algorithms for explicit determination of the basic curvelinear and analytic functionals intrinsically connected with conformal and quasiconformal maps, such as their Teichmüller and Grunsky norms, Fredholm eigenvalues and the quasireflection coefficient. This has not been solved even for convex polygons. This case has intrinsic interest in view of the connection of polygons with the geometry of the universal Teichmüller space and approximation theory. This survey extends our previous survey of 2005 and presents the new approaches and recent essential progress in this field of geometric complex analysis, having various important applications. Another new topic concerns quasireflections across finite collections of quasiintervals.
T-S Fuzzy Observers to Design Actuator Fault-Tolerant Control for Automotive Vehicle Lateral Dynamics
Authors: El Youssfi Naoufal , El Bachtiri Rachid
Published: May 2020

This article presents a fault-tolerant control (FTC) procedure for the automotive vehicle lateral dynamics (AVLD) described by the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models. This approach focuses on actuator faults, which requires knowledge of the system parameters and the faults that are occurring. For this reason, T-S fuzzy observers are suitable for simultaneously estimating system states and actuator faults. The proposed control makes it possible to maintain vehicle stability even in the presence of faults. The design of fuzzy observers and fuzzy controllers is mainly based on the one-step method of Lyapunov, which is provided in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The simulation results clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the applied controller strategy to maintain vehicle stability.
Cys2His2 Zinc Finger Proteins Boost Survival Ability of Plants against Stress Conditions
Authors: Yuce Kemal , Ismail Ozkan Ahmet
Published: May 2020

Zinc finger (ZnF) proteins are the largest transcription factors family. They constitute of nine sub-groups including Cys2His2, Cys3His, Cys3HisCys4, Cys2HisCys5, Cys4HisCys3, Cys2HisCys, Cys4, Cys6 and Cys8. ZnFs perform tasks of recognizing DNA, packaging RNA, transcriptional activity, regulating apoptosis, folding and collecting proteins, and binding lipids. One of the largest sub-groups of these proteins is ZF-Cys2His2, containing SIZ1, ZAT, ZAT7, ZFP1, ZFP252, DST, ZFP1, SIZF3, ZFP179, ZjZFN1, SICZFP1, and ZF-Cys2His2 proteins are found in plants tissues and fulfill important tasks in their defense to struggle with biotic and abiotic stresses (i.e., salt, drought, cold, oxidative). The aim of this chapter is to reveal importance of ZF-Cys2His2 proteins against various stress conditions.
La philosophie comme profession et la participation démocratique dans la pensée politique d’Eric Weil
Authors: Canivez Patrice ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2020

This article deals with the relationship between the practice of philosophy as a profession and democratic participation. It examines the way this relationship is treated in Eric Weil’s political thought as part of a reflection on the meaning of political action and philosophy’s educational function. The analysis places the philosophical education that teaches critical reflection and dialogue within the context of the conflicts specific to modern societies, while emphasizing that these conflicts generate feelings of injustice and nonsense. In this view, philosophical training must help develop these feelings into a coherent discourse. The ability to develop a coherent discourse on justice and meaning is necessary for members of constitutional democracies to move from mere revolt to political action properly speaking.
Religious Reasons in the Public Sphere
Authors: Duclos Joshua ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2020

Habermas argues that religious reasons can enter the public sphere so long as they undergo a translation that meets the standards of public reason. I argue that such a translation may be either unnecessary or impossible. Habermas does not sufficiently consider the possibility that religious reasons are already publicly accessible such that there no translation is required. Moreover, Habermas entirely fails to consider the possibility that, if he is right about religious reasons not being publicly accessible, these reasons may be of a kind such that they cannot be translated into a publicly accessible idiom as he supposes they can be.
Immediate and persisting effects of controversial media information on young people’s judgement of health issues
Authors: Szabo Attila
Published: May 2020

Whether true or false, media information shapes people’s thinking. False information trigger beliefs which could compromise health behaviour. In this intervention study, the effect of controversial messages on 91 young participants’ judgement of health issues was tested. Held opinions about health-related issues were assessed before, after and one week after viewing a controversial TV-interview. Using pre-interview opinions for baseline, changes in judgements were assessed immediately after and one week after the interview. At both times, the opinions differed statistically significantly from baseline (p < .001). The relationship between opinions immediately- and one week-after viewing the interview was statistically significantly stronger (p < .001) than their association with the baseline. The results provide evidence for immediate change in judgment resulting from controversial information and demonstrate that the change persists for at least one week. The findings can be explained based on the schema theory and suggest that controversial information could have powerful impact on subjective judgement. Consequently, young people need to be educated in health issues and in the evaluation of media information to enable them to make the right choice when the need arises.
“What was his name, again?”: A new method for reducing memory-based errors in an adult false-belief task
Authors: Colombo Marea S. , Bremer Charlotte , Gross Julien , Halberstadt Jamin , Hayne Harlene
Published: May 2020

Despite considerable interest in the development of Theory of Mind (ToM) during early childhood, until recently, there has been little consideration about whether and how ToM skills continue to change into adulthood. Furthermore, the false-belief task, which is believed to capture the underlying mechanisms of ToM, is rarely used in studies of ToM with adults; those tasks that do assess false-belief understanding may be confounded by incidental task demands, such as complex narratives and excessive memory requirements, making it difficult to isolate adults’ true ToM skills, much less to compare them with the skills of children. Here, we adapted a task developed by Valle, Massaro, Castelli, and Marchetti (2015, https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v11i1.829) to assess false-belief understanding in adults. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. In the reading condition, participants read a story about the unexpected transfer of a ball between three brothers. In the video condition, participants watched a video version of the same story. Finally, in the training condition, participants were first trained on the names of the characters, before watching the video. Although condition did not affect participants’ ability to correctly answer a standard false belief question (“Where does X think Y thinks the ball is?”), participants in the training condition used more mental state language to justify their responses (“Why does X think Y thinks the ball is here?”), and this improved performance was mediated by improved memory for the story details. We conclude that at least some “failures” of ToM use may be due to an inability to understand, recall, or communicate complex information in a ToM task, raising important questions about how best to measure ToM in adults (and children) in the future.
General Comment No. 24 on State Obligations Under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the Context of Business Activities: The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Has Played Its Part
Authors: Grosbon Sophie
Published: May 2020

In the context of discussions on the elaboration of an international legally binding instrument on transnational corporations and other business enterprises with respect to human rights, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights adopted in 2017 the General Comment No. 24 on State Obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the Context of Business Activities. Going against neoliberal logic, the Committee promotes a welfare state that effectively circumscribes economic freedoms and that resolutely protects vulnerable populations. Among various interpretations of instruments and extraterritorial obligations, the Committee clearly chooses a teleological interpretation, without disrupting the economy of the treaty, but by decidedly opting for the control of transnational businesses by way of the only actors it can reach, given its mandate: States. The extraterritorial obligation to protect consists mainly in adopting reasonable measures (duty of diligence, judicial cooperation, fight against fiscal optimization) to prevent violations of the Covenant by a private business that the State can influence.
La médiation de l’Union africaine dans la résolution des crises internes de ses États membres
Authors: Metou Brusil Miranda
Published: May 2020

La multiplication des crises internes dans ses États membres a mené l’Union africaine à désigner des médiateurs, chargés d’amener les parties à régler leurs différends par des moyens pacifiques. Mode politique de règlement des différends, la médiation semble n’obéir qu’à des dynamiques politiques. Pourtant, on note un début de règlementation de ce mode de règlement des litiges, même si c’est encore à travers des instruments relevant de la soft law. La question qui se pose dans la présente étude est celle de savoir à quelles règles obéit la médiation de l’Union africaine lorsqu’elle intervient dans le règlement des crises internes de ses États membres. Il serait difficile d’affirmer que la médiation est laissée à l’entière volonté des parties et du médiateur, alors que c’est dans le cadre d’une organisation internationale qu’elle se déroule. En prenant appui sur les éléments factuels et à travers l’analyse des divers instruments qui tentent d’encadrer actuellement la médiation, la présente analyse démontre que même si ses résultats demeurent mitigés en matière de résolution des crises internes aux États, la médiation est un mode de règlement des litiges en cours de règlementation.
Self-Defense in Climates of Fear
Authors: Weisbord Noah
Published: May 2020

Climates of fear—depleted inner cities, segregated rural communities, contested international hotspots—strain the law of self-defense, affecting legislation, policing, prosecution, and adjudication. There are distributional implications to our legislative and judicial choices, justifying or excusing some uses of deadly force but not others, making some segments of the population safer and others less so. Florida’s “Stand Your Ground” law, Canada’s “Lucky Moose” law, and the international law of self-defence provide three revealing examples. Our doctrinal preferences correspond with the cases and incidents that have most left their mark on us. As such, the law of self-defense is haunted by projections, pre-conceived notions about the world related to our past experiences rather than the situation at hand. This article, based on the author’s keynote lecture at the 2017 McGill Law Graduate conference, considers the challenge that fear poses to the law of self-defence.
The Rule of Law, The Rule of Conflict? Hong Kong and Democracy—Past and Present Revisited1
Authors: Sadowski Mirosław M.
Published: May 2020

“The rule of law is essential to Hong Kong’s future” — declared the last governor of Hong Kong, Christopher Patten, a few years before the city’s handover to China. The rule of law, obviously, is essential to the future of any legal entity. However, one has to ask what happens if the law that rules is imperfect. It then inevitably leads to conflicts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how efficiently has the rule of law ‘ruled’ in Hong Kong since the transition, with a special focus on the situations when law itself led to conflicts. In his analysis the author concentrates on the post-colonial influences of the past, People's Republic of China’s influences of the present, and outlines possible scenarios for the future of the Chinese Special Administrative Region, while highlighting the question of democracy. The article is divided into two main parts–theoretical, composed of one chapter, and analytical, composed of two chapters. In the first part of the article the author reviews various understandings of the notions of the rule of law and of conflict, introducing the theoretical framework for further investigations. The second chapter of the article is devoted to the question of the rule of law in the semi-autonomous city. The author first explains why its explicit conceptualisation was revolutionary in Hong Kong at this particular moment, and then shows how it has been eroding ever since 1997. In the third chapter of the paper, the author focuses on the situations in Hong Kong when law itself has provoked conflicts — notably the recent oath-swearing dispute — and analyses them. The fourth, concluding part of the paper the author ventures to make predictions on the future of the legal systems, democracy, and thus the lives of the citizens of the Fragrant Harbour.
The Paradox of Elite Law Schools in India—A comparison with Canadian Legal Education
Authors: Dasgupta Upasana
Published: May 2020

Legal education, like law, should always be overhauled and refitted to changes in society. What is sought is a model of legal education that best meets the needs of the society, by law students and law professionals alike. In 1987, a new model of law school was established in Bengaluru, India—the National Law School of India University (NLSIU)—drawing largely upon components of the Socratic method and the case-study method that had already been implemented, tried and tested in North America. This paper is a comparison of legal education in North America, particularly in Canada, and in the National Law Universities (NLUs) in India, based on the model of NLSIU. The comparison identifies similarities and dissimilarities between legal education of two countries, India and Canada, one developed and one developing, both of which imbibed the Harvard case method at some point in time. The object of the study is to point out the paradoxes existing in legal education in general and the NLU system in India and is a preliminary study of whether Canadian law schools and NLU systems can learn lessons from each other.

At one time—when law-school education was characterized by disinterested practitioners and academicians lecturing a passive group of students and evaluating them through closed-book examinations, where students needed to spend time memorizing the law instead of analyzing it—NLUs were a welcome experiment. They changed the face of legal education by encouraging discussion in class; incorporating an interdisciplinary approach, introducing research projects, compulsory internships and introducing many other innovations. With time, these innovations proved to be less effective and perhaps the time is ripe for change in legal education in India, as in the words of Roscoe Pound, “[w]e must seek principles of change no less than principles of stability.”
A Child’s Right to Education: What Can the International Community Do?1
Authors: Lahiri Sajal
Published: May 2020

Children from poor families often do not go to school and work as wage labourers instead. This perpetuates their poverty status. How does one break this vicious circle? This article discusses different options that the international community can consider and the shortcomings of some of the policies that it has been pursuing. The article argues that carrots are more likely to work than sticks, and one has to look at other areas such as the availability of credits in order for educational policies to be more effective.
Voisins et non pas usagers, membres et non pas consommateurs, partenaires et non pas clients1
Authors: Lankes R. David
Published: May 2020

À partir de son expérience personnelle, l’auteur décrit l’impact du contexte sur le processus d’apprentissage, et fait le lien avec les bibliothèques, des lieux d’apprentissage importants. Il explique comment celles-ci peuvent mieux répondre aux besoins de publics différents en les associant étroitement à la bibliothèque, en faisant appel aux notions de « communauté » et de « conversation ». Il donne des exemples de bibliothèques ayant réussi à y parvenir.
On the Translation of Otherness: The Univocal Case of Will Grayson, Will Grayson
Authors: Badenes Guillermo
Published: May 2020

Over the past twenty years, after the LGBT+ liberationist movement has managed to make new voices heard and had certain social gains, partly overturning decades of exclusion and segregation, gay literature has often focused on the stories of young men and women as a form of instilling positive values upon the future generations. The mainstream publishing world in Spanish has sometimes lagged behind LGBT+ times, publishing little queer literature and favoring mainly canonical authors. Translation criticism from the cultural margins raises questions regarding the voices of alterity and, in this respect, it highlights the visibility of translators (and publishing houses) as subjective factors in the translation process. The ideological analysis of literary translation may identify the role of translators as intercultural mediators who use strategies that accentuate or subdue the LGBT+ character of the texts they translate. The young-adult, gay novelWill Grayson, Will Grayson, written by John Green and David Levithan, presents an interesting challenge from the point of view of the separate discursive identities at play in it. Nonetheless, the novel was solely translated by Noemí Sobregués, a situation calling for closer analysis to revise the strategies used to represent the duality of the text in terms of idiolectal authorship. Using the tools provided by Keith Harvey (2000), this paper focuses on the analysis of the role of this translator in the rendition of the novel in Spanish, in the larger context of what it is that publishing houses seek when they publish LGBT+ literature: either to portray watered-down versions palatable to mainstream readerships, or to queerify their publishing catalogues, and thence, possibly, the canon at large.
A survey of travel behaviour among scientists in Germany and the
potential for change
Authors: Haage Verena
Published: May 2020

Awareness of the environmental impact of conferences is growing within
the scientific community. Here we report the results of a survey in which
scientists in Germany were asked about their attendance at conferences,
their reasons for attending, and their willingness to explore new approaches
that would reduce the impact of conferences on the environment. A majority
of respondents were keen to reduce their own carbon footprint and were
willing to explore alternatives to the traditional conference.
Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary: A Retrospective Study of 40 Cases
Authors: Abozeed Waleed N. , Elazab Skoukri H. , Zahi Mohamed S.
Published: May 2020

Background: Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare ovarian tumors represent only 5% of all ovarian cancers. GCTs are divided into an adult (AGCT) and juvenile (JGCT) types. The prognosis of these tumors is good when compared with other epithelial tumors. Radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy according to the presence of risk factors still the main line of treatment. Many Prognostic factors are suggested to affect the course of the disease like tumor stage and extend of surgery. But due to the small number of cases and indolent course of the disease, clinical characteristics and prognostic factors for this type of tumours still unclear.

Aim: To determine the clinical characteristics of cases with AGCT and the prognostic factors for disease relapse and survival.

Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study. 40 patients with (AGCT) were recruited. Patient characteristics were collected. The disease-free interval and overall survival were determined.

Results: At the end of the study, the median disease-free survival DFS was 101.215 months (93.2-109.3) with statistically significant difference regarding the stage of the disease, extent of surgery, rupture of the tumor and presence of residual disease. The median overall survival OAS was 106.38 months (100.3-112.5) with statistically significant difference regarding stage of the disease, parity and presence of residual disease.

Conclusion: (AGCT) are rare tumors with excellent survival. Stage of the disease and extent of surgery were significant prognostic factors affecting the course of the disease. Prospective studies are needed for better understanding of this disease.
Assessment of Plants Growing on Bitumen and Gypsum Mine Soils, in Southwestern, Nigeria for Mine Reclamation
Authors: Fatoye A. O. , Omotayo F. S. , Akinyele S. A.
Published: May 2020

Human activities increase the concentration of heavy metals in the environment from year to year. Therefore, decontamination is very important for the ecological restoration. This study investigated the phytoremediation potential of Platycerium coronarium (Fern),Vernonia amigdalina (Bitter Leaf), Chromolenaodorata, Talinumfruticosum (Water Leaf) for the removal of Ni, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu in the goldmine tailings.Bioaccumulation factor of all element are lower than one which indicated accumulator. Translocation factor of Cd, Ni and Cr more than one and hence, Platycerium coronarium and Chromolenaodorata could be considered as potentially useful for remedying Cd, Ni and Cr contaminated soil.
The Outpatient Use of Furosemide in a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J.
Published: May 2020

Aim: The prescribing pattern of furosemide helps the prescribers in the monitoring and evaluation of the drugs and helps them in recommending the necessary modifications. So the aim of the present study is to demonstrate the outpatient use of furosemide in a public hospital.

Methodology: This is a retrospective study was conducted in a public hospital in Alkharj city. The outpatient prescriptions were reviewed to demonstrate the prescription patterns of furosemide. The study included all outpatient prescriptions that contains furosemide in 2018.

Results: Furosemide was prescribed in 46.27% of diuretics prescriptions in the outpatient setting. The majority of the patients were female patients. Most of the patients were more than 39 years old. Most of the furosemide prescriptions were prescribed mainly by resident prescribers, mainly in the cardiology department.

Conclusion: Furosemide is an important medication for treating cardiovascular diseases specially in the presence of edema. It is important to increase the awareness of health care professionals and patients regarding the use of furosemide. Moreover, it is important to increase the awareness of the public regarding the importance of adherence to furosemide.
Hand‐onset weakness is a common feature of ALS patients with a NEK1 loss‐of‐function variant
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Shuen , Lin Kon‐Ping , Jih Kang‐Yang , Tsai Pei‐Chien , Liao Yi‐Chu , Lee Yi‐Chung
Published: May 2020

Objective

The NEK1 gene has been recently implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aims to assess the influence of NEK1 variants on the occurrence of ALS and investigate the spectrum and clinical features of NEK1 loss‐of‐function (LOF) variants in a Taiwanese ALS cohort.

Methods

We screened 325 unrelated ALS patients for coding variants in NEK1 by targeted resequencing and queried the Taiwan Biobank database for NEK1 coding variants in 1000 Taiwanese healthy individuals. The clinical features of the patients with a NEK1 LOF variant were analyzed.

Results

Six patients and two healthy individuals carried NEK1 LOF variants. The rare missense variants with minor allele frequencies <0.1% in Taiwanese population were present in 2.8% of the ALS patients and 1.6% of the healthy subjects. NEK1 LOF variants, but not rare missense variants, are significantly enriched in the ALS patients (P = 0.0037 and 0.24, Fisher’s exact test). The odds ratio of an individual carrying a NEK1 LOF variant to develop ALS is 9.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.88–46.7). All the six patients carrying a NEK1 LOF variant had a hand‐onset ALS with an onset age from 52 to 64 years. Comparing with ALS patients without a NEK1 LOF variant, patients with a NEK1 LOF variant tend to have a hand‐onset disease (P = 0.0008, Fisher’s exact test).

Interpretation

Our study supports the pathogenic role of NEK1 LOF variants and demonstrates their spectrum and clinical features in a Taiwanese cohort with ALS.
Ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed Monohydroalkylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with N‐Acyl Pyrroles using a C−H Activation Strategy
Authors: Chen Weiqiang , Li Hui‐Jing , Lu Wen‐Yu , Wu Yan‐Chao
Published: May 2020

A ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed Michael addition of N‐acyl pyrroles to α,β‐unsaturated ketones has been developed by using a C−H activation strategy. The key to this selective reaction is to use an acyl group as an effective chelating group. The use of AgOTf remarkably promoted the protonolysis process and thereby facilitated the Michael addition reaction. Monoalkylated pyrroles could be selectively synthesized by controlling the ratio of α,β‐unsaturated ketones to N‐acyl pyrroles.
Triton X‐100 functionalized Cu(II) dihydrazone based complex immobilized on Fe3O4@dopa: A highly efficient catalyst for oxidation of alcohols, alkanes, and sulfides and epoxidation of alkenes
Authors: Chakraborty Tonmoy , Mondal Rimpa , Ghanta Rinku , Chakraborty Aratrika , Chattopadhyay Tanmay
Published: May 2020

Here, we have presented a protocol for green synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application of TX100/Fe3O4@dopa@CuL (FDCTX) magnetically separable nanoparticles. Fe3O4@dopa@CuL (FDC) was synthesized using a four‐step procedure: (i) synthesis of a dihydrazone derivative, (ii) reaction of the dihydrazone derivative with copper perchlorate salt to generate a copper complex of the dihydrazone derivative, (iii) immobilization of the complex onto Fe3O4@dopa to generate FDC, and (iv) coating of FDC with surfactant Triton X‐100. The as‐synthesized homogeneous complex was well characterized using UV–Vis., Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry, and single‐crystalX‐ray techniques. Single‐crystalX‐ray analysis revealed the tetranuclear framework of the complex. The heterogeneous nanoparticles (FDCTX) were characterized using FT‐IR, powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersiveX‐ray spectroscopy, magnetic hysteresis, and dynamic light scattering techniques. Finally, both the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts were utilized for efficient oxidation of alcohols, alkanes, and sulfides and epoxidation of alkenes. A most probable mechanism for the oxidation reaction is proposed at the end of the article.
Guidelines in Practice: Hypothermia Prevention
Authors: Link Terri
Published: May 2020

All patients are at risk for unplanned hypothermia in the perioperative practice setting. Adverse outcomes attributed to hypothermia include myocardial events, surgical site infections, poor wound healing, increased blood loss, and prolonged postanesthesia care unit stays. The AORN “Guideline for prevention of hypothermia” includes recommendations for measuring the patient's body temperature, selecting methods for prevention of unplanned hypothermia, and implementing the selected insulation and warming interventions. This article discusses guideline recommendations related to using a consistent temperature measurement method through all phases of perioperative care, assessing risk for hypothermia in all patients, and prewarming perioperative patients. A scenario provides an example in which an interdisciplinary facility team uses a gap analysis and a risk assessment to determine the process for implementing recommendations from this guideline. Perioperative RNs should review the entire guideline for additional information and for guidance when creating and updating policies and procedures related to unplanned hypothermia.
A Network Analysis of Perioperative Communication Patterns
Authors: Stucky Christopher H. , De Jong Marla J. , Kabo Felichism W. , Kasper Christine E.
Published: May 2020

To foster teamwork, improve clinical excellence, and promote a culture of safety, perioperative leaders should have a clear understanding of the dynamics that affect clinician communication in the OR. We used social network analysis to characterize the typical OR clinician communication patterns at a military surgery center and determine how clinician relationships influenced individual behavior. We surveyed 50 surgical teams and used the data to develop six relational networks and a clinician communication effectiveness index. The study results showed that communication effectiveness increased in networks in which clinicians reported interacting frequently, having close working relationships, socializing, and seeking advice and providing advice to others. Increases in individual clinician centrality were associated with increased communication effectiveness. Participants rated anesthesia professionals as the most effective communicators, followed by perioperative nurses, surgeons, and surgical technologists. Perioperative leaders should consider surgical team familiarity as a potential option to optimize surgical care and improve communication effectiveness.
Ingestion of gelatinous candy, mimicking acute gastric bleeding
Authors: Galloo Xavier , Vander Kuylen Maarten , Tosi Maurizio , De Mey Johan , Raeymaeckers Steven
Published: May 2020

A detailed medical history is vital in the correct interpretation of medical images: Peer‐to‐peer feedback and a thorough medical history can help avoid diagnostic pitfalls and unnecessary therapy.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma at ileostomy site. Two case reports and review of literature
Authors: Bani Hani Murad , Butler Bryan , Leberer Daniel , Attuwaybi Bashir
Published: May 2020

SCC at ileostomy is rare, early diagnosis by sampling abnormal tissue around ileostomy is vital.