bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parameters Substantiation of Headers and Reaper-Headers for Various Classes Combine Harvesters in the Incomplete Loading Mode of the Thresher
Authors: Astaf'ev V. L. , Tashmukhamedov R. F. , Zhivul'ko U. V.
Published: March 2021

The authors showed that in Kazakhstan northern region grain harvesters of 4, 5 and 6 classes did not provide the required level of productivity due to low yields. Longer harvesting period increased product losses. It was found that the harvesting machines were working in the incomplete loading mode of the thresher. The authors revealed the discrepancy between the standard sizes of the used reaping machines and regional zonal features.

(Research purpose) To substantiate the parameters of headers and reaper-headers for combine harvesters in the incomplete loading mode of the thresher.

(Materials and methods) The authors performed technical and economic calculations according to the criterion of operating costs for direct combining with a yield of 0.5 to 2.5 tons per hectare. The calculation was carried out for combine harvesters Vector-410 (class 4), Acros-550 (class 5), Essil-760 (class 6), aggregated with headers of different working widths.

(Results and discussion) The authors determined that for the combine Vector-410 the rational width of the header was 9 meters in the yield range of 0.5-1.5 tons per hectare, and with a yield of 2.0-2.5 tons per hectare – 7-9 meters. For the combine Acros-550 the rational width of the reaper-header was 16 meters with a yield of 0.5-1.0 tons per hectare, with 1.5 tons per hectare - 9-12 meters, and with 2.0-2.5 tons per hectare – 7-9 meters. For the combine Essil-760 these values were 16; 12 and 9 meters respectively.

(Conclusions) It was found that when comparing grain harvesters of 4, 5 and 6 classes with a yield of 0.5-2.0 tons per hectare, the lowest operating costs were provided by Acros-550 and Essil-760; with a yield of 2.0 tons per hectare - Vector-410; with a yield of 2.5 tons per hectare the Acros-550 was more effective.
Power Plants Based on a Steam Drive with a Working Body Closed Circulation
Authors: Mayorov V. A. , Shcherbakov V. F.
Published: March 2021

The authors investigated the heat carriers thermodynamic characteristics and the power plant structural components, which ensured the efficient conversion of thermal energy into mechanical and electrical energy.

(Research purpose) To conduct modeling for calculating the structure manufacturing technology and studying the power plant characteristics based on a steam engine with given energy parameters.

(Materials and methods) The authors carried out mathematical modeling based on the heat and mass transfer laws. To create a prototype model of a steam engine, the recuperation principle based on the “liquid–vapor–liquid” cycle with the use of low-temperature heat carriers was used.

(Results and discussion) The authors showed that double transformation of the aggregation state of the working body was much more efficient than its heating. They calculated the characteristics connecting the energy processes of low-temperature heat carriers vaporization (freon R-134a) in the radiator and engine. They revealed dependencies: the radiator heating time from 30 degrees Celsius (ambient temperature) to 100 degrees (maximum operating temperature) at different powers of the heating source (3; 4; 5 kilowatts); density and average density of steam in the radiator from temperature; the steam engine power and the freon steam consumption from the pressure of 0-3.97 megapascals.

(Conclusions) The authors determined that the working steam amount, proportional to its density at a temperature of 90 degrees and a pressure of 3.6 megapascals, was 4.75 times less than the liquid freon amount, proportional to its density, at 100 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 3.97 megapascals, the working steam amount was 2 times less than liquid freon. They revealed a limited range of operating temperatures in a steam engine. It was proved that these calculation methods and characteristics determined the structural and energy parameters of the developed power plants based on a steam engine.
Design Requirements Substantiation for an Automated Planting Unit for Potato Minitubers
Authors: Dorokhov A. S. , Zernov V. N. , Petukhov S. N.
Published: March 2021

The authors showed that the transition to the technology of virus-free minitubers mass production changed the machines requirements for planting original seed potatoes.

(Research purpose) To develop a technological scheme and substantiate the design parameters of the planting apparatus of an automatic planter of potato minitubers.

(Materials and methods) The development was based on an elevator-type planting apparatus. The authors decided to create a spoon design with the ability to grip and move into the guide casing one minituber in each spoon, eliminating the minitubers jumping from one spoon to another or pinching them when moving along the guiding casing to the furrow bottom. The diameters of the lower guide and upper drive rollers were theoretically substantiated in order to exclude the influence of the planting tubers sizes difference on the uniformity of their submitting into the furrow.

(Results and discussion) The authors determined the minimum permissible elevator belt speed, which depended on the distance between the spoons on the elevator belt and the planting unit speed. The size of the upper driving reel diameter was justified from the condition that the spoon unfolded 180 degrees in at least 1.5 seconds, which ensured a tuber smooth transition to the back side of the spoon.

(Conclusions) The authors developed a technological scheme of an automatic planting elevator type device for planting potato minitubers with a working speed of 6-9 kilometers per hour. It was found that the upper driving reel diameter was not less than 44 centimeters, and the lower guide roller diameter was not more than 12 centimeters. They showed that the double-sided design of scooping spoons with the possibility of installing replaceable bowls in them would ensure a high-quality planting of not only minitubers, but also subsequent reproductions of seed and ware potatoes with a tuber mass of 5-80 grams.
Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA)
Authors: Vasetsky A. A. , Ivanov D. Yu.
Published: March 2021

Comprehensive processes of digital change in socio-economic reality actualized and concentrated the attention of decision makers and scientists on the adaptation of administrative systems to new challenges. The state program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” contains a number of design areas for the digital transformation of the Russian public administration system. The system of election commissions of Russia was actively included in this program and formed a set of project initiatives that are designed to significantly change the appearance and content of the entire electoral system and the electoral process. It is obvious that the rapid nature of the ongoing external (global) and internal changes and challenges required flexible response methods. The project management methodology, according to the authors, is adequate to modern reality and is optimal when implementing initiatives aimed at information development. In the article, the authors examine in detail digital projects and digital services of the Russian electoral system, as well as form a series of proposals aimed at further improving project initiatives. The authors believe that from a scientific and applied point of view, the stake on the project approach in the implementation of digital projects is justified, especially in the context of a constant change in the strategic priorities of socio-economic development.
ASPECTOS DAS PRÁTICAS DE AGRICULTURA URBANA EM CATALÃO-GO
Authors: Bertazzo Claudio Jose , Silva Guilherme Papini da , Souza Gabriela Ferreira de
Published: March 2021

Para conhecer, analisar e dar visibilidade à Agricultura Urbana (AU) na cidade de Catalão (GO), Brasil, estabeleceu-se uma pesquisa teórico-prática no âmbito de um projeto de extensão financiado pelo Programa de Extensão financiado pelo MEC/SESu. Assim, procurou-se trazer a teoria para dentro da realidade local, juntando ambas as esferas para observar as experiências dessa modalidade agrícola na cidade. O objetivo da investigação consistiu em identificar as particularidades da AU e quantificar ‘o que’, ‘como’ e ‘para que’ estava a ser produzido, procurando construir o entendimento de seu estágio, e, então, demonstrar, ou não, a importância da AU como alternativa para se ter uma cidade com maior segurança e autonomia alimentares. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram, além da revisão bibliográfica, nas visitas a campo para proceder às enquetes e conhecer as modalidades de agricultura na cidade de Catalão (GO). Na presente reflexão, demonstra-se, por meio da amostra territorial e dos domicílios pesquisados, que a AU é real. Ela já é e tem potencial para se tornar amplamente uma oportunidade de acesso a alimentos seguros e nutritivos a todos os citadinos que possuem quintais ou pequenos espaços para cultivo em seus domicílios. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram identificar e classificar o que produzem e o destino da produção. Concluiu-se que a Agricultura Urbana é real e disseminada no território, podendo ser, ou não, herança cultural de antigos agricultores radicados na cidade. Entretanto, há muito para evoluir e ocupar melhor os espaços domiciliares.
UMA INTERPRETAÇÃO TRANSDISCIPLINAR DO MUNDO SOCIAL
Authors: Claval Paul
Published: March 2021

As ciências do homem e da sociedade diferem nos dados e documentos a partir dos quais elas abordam os fatos sociais e, pelos métodos que utilizam para os explorar, mas todas dizem respeito ao homem enquanto animal social: compartilham a mesma base transdisciplinar. Explora as dimensões ecológicas, técnicas, culturais, econômicas e políticas da vida coletiva. Essa plataforma comum tem sido explorada há muito tempo sob uma perspectiva que enfatizava o peso da economia na vida social: a abordagem era socioeconômica. Os trabalhos atuais focam mais na cultura: a   abordagem se torna sociocultural. É sobre ela que vamos insistir.
Immunological resilience and biodiversity for prevention
Authors: Haahtela Tari , Alenius Harrri , Lehtimäki Jenni , Sinkkonen Aki , Fyhrquist Nanna , Hyoty Heikki , Ruokolainen Lasse , Makela Mika
Published: March 2021

Increase of allergic conditions has occurred at the same pace with the
Great Accleration, which stands for the rapid growth rate of human
activities upon Earth from 1950s. Changes of environment and lifestyle
along with escalating urbanization, are acknowledged as the main
underlying causes. Secondary (tertiary) prevention for better disease
control has advanced considerably with innovations for oral
immunotherapy and effective treatment of inflammation with
corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors and biologic medications.
Patients are less disabled than before. However, primary prevention has
remained a dilemma. Factors predicting allergy and asthma risk have
proven complex: risk factors increase the risk while protective factors
counteract them. Interaction of human body with environmental
biodiversity with micro-organisms and biogenic compounds as well as the
central role of epigenetic adaptation in immune homeostasis have given
new insight. Allergic diseases are good indicators of the twisted
relation to environment. In various non-communicable diseases, the
protective mode of the immune system indicates low-grade inflammation
without apparent cause. Giving microbes, pro- and prebiotics, has shown
some promise in prevention and treatment. The real-world public health
programme in Finland (2008-2018) emphasized nature relatedness and
protective factors for immunological resilience, instead of avoidance.
The nationwide action mitigated the allergy burden, but in the lack of
controls, primary preventive effect remains to be proven. The first
results of controlled biodiversity interventions are promising. In the
fastly urbanizing world, new approaches are called for allergy
prevention, which also has a major cost saving potential.
Integration of ceritinib and bevacizumab as a promising treatment strategy for brain metastases from ALK mutation-position non-small cell lung cancer: a case report
Authors: Xia Yinxue , Lu Shuhe , Shen Weixi , Xin Tao , Fan Chengjuan , Teng Chong , Song Xiaowei , Lv Yanju
Published: March 2021

Ceritinib shows efficacy in ALK+ NSCLC patients with BM. However, the
disease will inevitably progress over time due to acquired resistance.
We now report a case with BM from advanced lung adenocarcinoma with ALK
mutations who exhibited a surprising and long-term response to treatment
of ceritinib combined with bevacizumab.
Impact of long-distance (up to 3.500 km) deceased donor liver transportation on cold ischemia time, initial graft function and transplant outcomes
Authors: Sushkov A. I. , Gubarev K. K. , Vinogradov V. L. , Rudakov V. S. , Svetlakova D. S. , Fedyunin A. A. , Krstich M. , Zakhlevnyy A. I. , Artemiev A. I. , Voskanyan S. E.
Published: March 2021

Rationale. Currently, a long-distance transportation of the deceased donor livers is not a routine practice for Russian transplantation centers; therefore, a research-based analysis of even relatively small single-center experience seems to be a topical task.The study purpose was to evaluate the impact of long-distance donor liver transportation on the cold ischemia time, the initial graft function as well as on immediate and long-term transplant outcomes.Material and methods. The retrospective single-center study included the data on specific features and results of 72 consecutive deceased donor liver transplantations. The cases were allocated into two groups depending on cold ischemia time: for less than 9 hours (group 1; n = 41) and for 9 hours or longer (group 2; n = 31). The parameters of donor organ transportation, characteristics of donors and recipients, specific features of surgery and the early postoperative period, immediate and long-term outcomes were compared between the groups. For the entire sample size, the relationship between the distance from the donor hospital to the transplant center, the transportation type and time, and the cold ischemia time were assessed.Results. Donor livers were delivered from hospitals 40-3500 km away from the transplant center, including by using regular air flights in 67% of cases. Transportation time varied from 1 to 8 h (median 3.5 h), which made 41% (interquartile range: 35-54%) of cold ischemia time.No statistically significant differences between the groups were seen in the donor, recipient and surgery characteristics. The median distance was 509 km in group 1 (interquartile range 130-1321 km), and 1321 in group 2 (interquartile range 897-3441 km), p<0.001; transportation time was 3.5 h (interquartile range : 2.5–4.7 h) and 3.5 h (interquartile range: 3.3–7.0 h), p = 0.022, the cold ischemia time was 8 h (interquartile range: 7–9.5 h) and 10 hours (interquartile range: 9-10.5 h), p <0.001, in group 1 and group 2, respectively, the difference being statistically significant for all parameters. Despite the tendency to increases in the incidence of the early allograft dysfunction (6/41 in group 1, 9/31 in group 2; p = 0.155), primary graft non-function (1/41 in group 1, 3/31 in group 2; p = 0.308), and the graft loss incidence during the first 6 weeks (4/41 in group 1; 7/31 in group 2; p = 0.189), these differences did not reach the statistical significance.Conclusion. The results of this retrospective study have confirmed the feasibility and clinical efficacy of donor liver transplantation after long-distance transportation. However, cold ischemia time exceeding 9 hours is the risk factor for poor initial graft function.
Complex ultrasonography in the assessment of intrarenal hemodynamic impairments in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Donova L. V. , Novruzbekov M. S. , Syutkin V. E.
Published: March 2021

Rationale. Hepatorenal syndrome is a threatening complication in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The occurrence of renal dysfunction associated with hepatorenal syndrome manifestations significantly affects the condition severity, the disease duration, and the survival time during the waiting period for liver transplantation.The study purpose was to investigate the potential of a complex ultrasonography examination in the assessment of intrarenal hemodynamic impairments in patients with various diffuse liver diseases.Material and methods. The ultrasound examination results of 167 patients were analyzed. The 1st group included 28 patients with confirmed diffuse liver diseases of viral etiology who did not have signs of cirrhosis formation, the 2nd group included 139 patients with liver cirrhosis due to diffuse liver diseases of various etiologies, and the 3-rd group included 137 patients who had previously been in the 2nd group in whom orthotopic liver transplantation was performed.Results. The study revealed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of secondary hemodynamic impairments in kidney function in patients with liver cirrhosis and no relationship of their severity and incidence to the disease etiology, and also to such markers of the portal hypertension severity as splenomegaly, ascites, and portal vein thrombosis.Conclusions. The resistive index measured on the renal arterial branches by Doppler ultrasound, has a certain predictive value in relation to hepatorenal syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis of various origins. This also makes it possible to timely identify a group of patients at a high risk of developing severe renal dysfunction and to assess the efficacy of the treatment that has been given.
Analysis of complications after living-related kidney transplantation: a single-center experience
Authors: Khadjibaev F. A. , Sharipova V. Kh. , Sultanov P. K.
Published: March 2021

Background. The one-year renal graft survival rates have grown to 93.4% for transplantation from cadaveric and 97.2% from living donors. Early detection and elimination of complications after kidney transplantation improve these figures.The study purpose was to develop an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment tactics of postoperative complications after kidney transplantation by reviewing literature data and analyzing the results of our own experience.Material and methods. The study included 75 patients who underwent kidney transplantation from a living donor at the Republican Research Centre of Emergency Medicine from March 2018 to December 2019.Results. The original authors' algorithm developed for the diagnosis and treatment of complications after kidney transplantation covers all postoperative complications that lead to renal transplant dysfunction. It is based on assessing the symptoms that typically occur in a specific complication. The main instrumental methods in the diagnosis of postoperative complications are ultrasound and radiological investigational techniques. The biopsy has the main role in diagnosing a graft rejection. Among 75 patients after kidney transplantation, 23 (30.6%) developed various early postoperative complications, including both surgical and immunological ones. Renal graft dysfunction was eliminated in 17 (73.9%) of 23 patients. The loss of a transplanted kidney was associated with the death of 7 recipients (9.3%). The causes of death were pulmonary embolism in 2 (2.7%) cases, infection and sepsis as a result of immunosuppression in 2 (2.7%) cases, hypovolemic shock in 2 (2.7%) cases, and acute ischemic stroke in 1 (1.3%) case. Two recipients underwent renal transplant nephrectomy. The cause of nephrectomy was graft rejection and bleeding from the renal artery. A oneyear survival rate was 90.7%. The proposed treatment and diagnostic algorithm showed a 95.7% diagnostic value in identifying the complications, and 91.3% of the therapeutic effect in coping with a renal transplant dysfunction.Conclusions. Early treatment of revealed complications allows saving the transplanted kidney function. Step-bystep differential diagnosis of complications after kidney transplantation, according to the proposed algorithm, allows choosing the treatment tactics based on complication pathogenesis.
PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). Demijоv V.P. Transplante experimental de órganos vitales. Madrid: Editorial Atlante, 1967
Authors: Glyantsev S. P. , Shatunova Yu. G. , Werner A.
Published: March 2021

For the first time, the article introduces into scientific circulation and analyzes the Preface by V.P. Demikhov to his book "Transplantation of vital organs in experiment", published in 1967 in Spanish under the title "Transplante experimental de órganos vitales". Judging by the facts mentioned in the text, V.P. Demikhov wrote it in 1966, reflecting his views on the current state and prospects of homoplastic tissue and organ transplantation. As in previous publications, in particular, in the Preface to the German edition of the book published in Berlin in 1963, V.P. Demikhov substantiated the concept that the main condition for a successful transplantation of homoplastic organs was to restore the blood circulation in them. In his opinion, the success of engraftment depends, first of all, on the ideally performed vascular suture and the immediate inclusion of the transplanted donor organ into the blood circulation of the host body, as well as on the sterility of the undertaken intervention. Having discussed the use of pharmacological immunosuppression as a method of overcoming the biological incompatibility of homologous organs during their transplantation, V.P. Demikhov pointed out the toxicity of the drugs used for this purpose he tested experimentally, as well as his experiments, indicating the possibility of overcoming incompatibility by means of other methods (the selection of the donor and recipient with regard to the blood group, mixing the blood of the donor and recipient by parabiosis, etc.). In this text V.P. Demikhov again mentioned the scheme he had developed for two-stage transplantation of an additional heart as a reserve organ to maintain the function of the patient's decompensated heart and named the main stages of the operation: implantation on the femoral vessels (stage 1) and transplantation into the chest (stage 2). As in the Preface to the German edition of the book, V.P. Demikhov spoke in detail about the model of a “living physiological system” he had developed in 1963 aimed at creating a bank of reanimated organs that would retain their viability until transplanted into another body. Projects for growing the organs in anencephalic newborns for the rejuvenation of the elderly were also outlined.
Modern Topics in Scalar Field Cosmology
Authors:   , Powell Cari
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research is to use modern techniques in scalar ﬁeld Cosmol-ogy to produce methods of detecting gravitational waves and apply them to current gravitational waves experiments and those that will be producing results in the not too distant future. In the ﬁrst chapter we discuss dark matter and some of its candidates, speciﬁcally, the axion. We then address its relationship with gravitational waves. We also discuss inﬂation and how it can be used to detect gravitational waves. Chapter 2 concentrates on constructing a multi ﬁeld system of axions in order to increase the mass range of the ultralight axion, putting it into the observation range of pul-sar timing arrays. Chapter 3 discusses non-attractor inﬂation which is able to enhance stochastic background gravitational waves at scales that allows them to be measured by gravitational wave experiments. Chapter 4 uses a similar method to chapter 3 and applies it to 3-point overlap functions for tensor, scalar and a combination of the two polarisations.
Percepção dos procedimentos de mensuração do Ativo Imobilizado nas instituições públicas de ensino superior
Authors: Martins Andreia Dulce , Peixe Blênio Cezar Severo
Published: March 2021

A Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público nos últimos anos foi compelida pelo processo de convergência às normas internacionais. Diante desse movimento, surge a necessidade de aderir aos procedimentos para mensuração do ativo imobilizado em órgãos e entidades do setor público. Neste contexto, o estudo teve por objetivo geral avaliar o grau de adoção dos procedimentos para mensuração do ativo imobilizado das universidades e institutos federais brasileiros aos padrões internacionais de contabilidade. Por meio da adoção do critério de agrupamento, foram enviados questionários à 102 Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) e, obteve-se 49% de respostas. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que as entidades públicas, no que diz respeito à mensuração e evidenciação de ativos, encontram-se em desacordo com o processo de convergência do setor público brasileiro aos padrões internacionais de contabilidade. Para concretização desse processo é necessário investimentos em tecnologia, treinamentos, desenvolvimento profissional, conscientização de gestores e formação de equipes multidisciplinares. Ademais, o estudo aponta a necessidade de uma cobrança mais efetiva por parte dos órgãos reguladores em relação ao cumprimento das normas, das legislações específicas e do Manual de Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público.
Kotihoidon asiakkaiden avuntarve lisää ensihoitohälytyksiä
Authors: Nyman Juha , Porthan Kari , Sippola-Soininen Marja , Soini Helena
Published: March 2021

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia, mitkä tekijät ovat yhteydessä kotihoidon asiakkaiden ensihoitohälytyksiin ja päivystyskäynteihin ja kuinka yleisesti ensihoitoyksikkö tekee kuljettamatta jättämispäätöksiä kotihoidon ja palvelutalojen asiakkaille. Tutkimuksen rekisteriaineiston muodostivat Helsingin kotihoidon käyntiaineisto, ensihoidon tehtäväaineisto ja päivystyskäyntiaineisto vuosilta 2017 ja 2018. Tulosten mukaan alle viidesosassa kotihoidon asiakkaiden ensihoitotehtävistä hoidon tarve oli kiireellinen tai potilas oli hengenvaarassa. Ensihoitoyksikkö teki kuljettamatta jättämispäätöksen kolmasosassa kotihoidon asiakkaiden ensihoitotehtävistä. Ensihoitohälytykseen ja päivystyskäyntiin kotihoidon asiakkailla vuonna 2018 olivat yhteydessä asiakkaan korkea ikä, miessukupuoli, suuri avuntarve, kotihoidon suoritteiden suuri määrä, kotihoitoyksikkö sekä asiakkaalle edellisenä vuonna tehty ensihoitohälytys. Tässä tutkimuksessa kotihoidon asiakkaat tekivät suhteellisesti enemmän päivystyskäyntejä kuin aiemmissa tutkimuksissa kaikki kotona asuvat vastaavan ikäiset. Tulokset osoittavat, että kotihoidon asiakkaan avuntarpeen lisääntyessä myös ensihoitohälytykset ja päivystyskäynnit ovat todennäköisempiä ja ensihoitohälytysten lukumäärä lisääntyy. Merkittävä osa ensihoitohälytyksistä on ei-kiireellisiä, ja lähes kolmasosaa ensihoitohälytyksistä ei seuraa kuljetus jatkohoitoon. Näitä ensihoitohälytyksiä tulee voida vähentää kotihoidon toimintaa kehittämällä, hoitolinjoja selkeyttämällä, henkilöstöä kouluttamalla ja asiakkaita sekä omaisia informoimalla.
The study of the relationship between the formation of organizational loyalty and the degree of satisfaction with work, locus of control among employees in the organization
Authors: Shcherbakova Olga , Velikorossov Vladimir , Rakauskiene Ona Grazyna , Prodanova Natalia , Midova Venera , Sklyadneva Viktoria , Balakhanova Dariko
Published: March 2021

The article presents an analysis of such concepts in foreign and domestic psychological and pedagogical studies as organizational loyalty (commitment); satisfaction with the work of employees of organizations; external and internal locus of control. The authors show in an empirical study the relationship between organizational loyalty and such individual characteristics of an employee as subjective satisfaction with work and locus of control. The reliability of the results was proved using mathematical methods of processing the obtained data: high internality in the field of achievements has a positive effect not only on the affective loyalty of employees but also on the current and normative organization commitment.
Incidencia del uso de pantallas en niñas y niños menores de 2 años
Authors: Rodríguez Sas Ofelia , Estrada Lorena Cynthia
Published: March 2021

Aunque no existe consenso sobre las repercusiones de la digitalización en la salud y bienestar de niñas y niños, algunos estudios revelan la necesidad del acompañamiento adulto para seleccionar contenidos y establecer límites. Los bebés necesitan explorar el entorno para desarrollar habilidades cognitivas, sensoriales y lingüísticas. Como nuestra capacidad de adaptación aumenta a medida que maduramos, cualquier alteración temprana en el desarrollo ejecutivo repercute a corto, medio y largo plazo. El uso inadecuado de las TIC incide negativamente en la neuroplasticidad cerebral, que se traducirá en escasa autoestima, bajo nivel cognitivo o dificultades conductuales, según edad y habilidades asociadas. También podrá alterar visión, sueño, peso, desarrollo, funciones ejecutivas y conducta. El compromiso adulto con el uso responsable de herramientas tecnológicas es fundamental para garantizar el óptimo desarrollo de niñas y niños nacidos y criados en la era digital.
Head-out immersion in hot water does not increase serum CXCL1 in healthy men
Authors: Sakurai Yuta , Umemoto Yasunori , Kawasaki Takashi , Kojima Daisuke , Kinoshita Tokio , Yamashiro Mami , Banno Motohiko , Arakawa Hideki , Tajima Fumihiro
Published: March 2021

Exercise-induced production of interleukin (IL)-6 results in the expression of chemokine CXC-motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) in mice. Recent studies described the increase in serum IL-6 levels during immersion of subjects in hot water. The present study investigated the effects of a 20-min head-out water immersion in 42 °C water (hot-HOI) on serum concentrations of CXCL1 in eight healthy men. Venous blood samples were taken at rest, immediately after hot-HOI, as well as 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after hot-HOI for measurements of serum concentrations of CXCL1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), while assessing counts of blood cells (CBC) and monitoring core temperature (Tcore). Tcore and serum IL-6 increased during hot-HOI and remained high until 4 h after hot-HOI. However, serum CXCL1, TNF-α, hsCRP, and CBC remained constant throughout the experiment. In conclusion, the results from our study demonstrated that 20-min hot-HOI increased serum IL-6, but not CXCL1 in healthy man.
Implementing social sustainability in area development projects in the Netherlands
Authors: Janssen Celine , Daamen Tom , Verdaas Co
Published: March 2021

During recent decades, urbanization processes and changing population compositions in European cities have underlined the relevance of social sustainability for urban development. Despite a growing amount of research on the social sphere of sustainability, the actual implementation of social sustainability in area development projects remains problematic. In the Netherlands, as in most other European countries, area development is understood as an interdisciplinary practice that strives to integrate strategies, activities and interests of public and private actors into perceived sustainable projects. If area development projects are considered as acts of policy implementation, two questions rise: 1) How are social sustainability dimensions planned, operationalized and implemented through area development projects? and 2) How are they related to governance configurations and mechanisms that relate to decision-making and interventions in these area development projects? The main aim of this paper is to construct a theoretically informed analytical approach to be further developed and applied in PhD research about the implementation of perceived “social sustainability” in area development projects in the Netherlands. We conclude that the implementation of social sustainability in area development projects is a governance process that requires political interventions in a market-driven society and hypothesize that the outcomes of social sustainability in area development are dependent on various aspects of this governance process.
Nietzsche como historiador de la literatura: Una atalaya nodal para su pensamiento
Authors: Carrión Arias Rafael
Published: March 2021

La importancia de Nietzsche como historiador de la literatura es tan considerable como inesperada, pues en esa tarea confluyen de manera nodal todas sus inquietudes previas y en él se anuncian diseños de muy larga trayectoria en su filosofía. Existe por otro lado una notable falta de estudios al respecto. El presente artículo busca exponer el papel de la práctica historiográfico-literaria nietzscheana a mitad de su desarrollo intelectual como alto desde el que poder observar la dirección de su pensamiento.
Nietzsche, la literatura y la invención del mundo
Authors: Galiazo Evelyn
Published: March 2021

Se ha repetido hasta el cansancio que la crítica de Nietzsche a la metafísica se sitúa en el terreno del lenguaje. Sin embargo, quizás no se ha insistido suficiente en lo que implica tal crítica para la práctica que hace del lenguaje un fin en sí mismo. En Nietzsche, la palabra “literatura” no designa tan sólo al objeto de la crítica literaria; es, como “fábula” y “ficción”, una categoría epistemológica y ontológica donde se sedimentan concepciones del mundo y formas de acceder a él. Para quien rechaza las esencias, la literatura es una apuesta estratégica. Las páginas siguientes exploran estas cuestiones tomando como punto de partida “Sobre verdad y mentira en sentido extramoral”, ese relato de juventud donde Nietzsche elabora sus teorías acerca del signo y del filósofo artística, para insinuar, al final, una lectura del Übermensch desde una teoría de los mundos posibles.
Nietzsche como símbolo: Thomas Mann y la tragedia alemana
Authors: Gavilán Domínguez Enrique
Published: March 2021

Nietzsche ejerció una influencia decisiva, casi una fascinación, sobre Thomas Mann. Desde que en los años veinte abandonó el conservadurismo nacionalista el filósofo se convirtió en punto de referencia, espejo y modelo que le ayudó a entender aquella “traición” como una forma de fidelidad. El presente ensayo se centra en Doktor Faustus, la novela de Mann, evocación minuciosa y enigmática de Nietzsche como símbolo trágico de la catástrofe alemana, intento de establecer las raíces de una dualidad que se extiende por cada página de aquel texto.
Cardiopulmonary effects of an intravenous infusion of fentanyl in cats during isoflurane anesthesia and with concurrent acepromazine or dexmedetomidine administration during anesthetic recovery
Authors: Keating Stephanie C. J. , Kerr Carolyn L.
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine the cardiopulmonary effects of IV administration of fentanyl to cats anesthetized with isoflurane and during anesthetic recovery with concurrent administration of acepromazine or dexmedetomidine.

ANIMALS

6 healthy adult cats.

PROCEDURES

Cats received an IV bolus (5 μg/kg) followed by an IV infusion (5 μg/kg/h) of fentanyl for 120 minutes during isoflurane anesthesia and for 30 minutes after discontinuing isoflurane. Cats were randomly assigned in a crossover study to receive acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) or dexmedetomidine (2.5 μg/kg), IV, when isoflurane was discontinued. Cardiopulmonary data were obtained during anesthesia and for 30 minutes during the anesthetic recovery period.

RESULTS

The administration of fentanyl during isoflurane anesthesia resulted in a transient increase in arterial blood pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and oxygen delivery. Compared with values during isoflurane anesthesia, administration of dexmedetomidine during anesthetic recovery resulted in significant decreases in cardiac index, stroke index, and oxygen delivery and significant increases in arterial, central venous, and mean pulmonary artery pressures; systemic vascular resistance index; and oxygen extraction ratio. Administration of acepromazine resulted in increases in heart rate, cardiac index, oxygen uptake, and oxygen extraction ratio. Oxygen extraction ratio did not differ between acepromazine and dexmedetomidine.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Fentanyl transiently improved indices of cardiopulmonary performance when administered to healthy cats anesthetized with isoflurane. The cardiovascular effects of acepromazine and dexmedetomidine in healthy cats receiving fentanyl during recovery from isoflurane anesthesia differed, but measured cardiopulmonary parameters remained within acceptable limits.
Repeatability and accuracy of fingertip pulse oximeters for measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood and pulse rate in anesthetized dogs breathing 100% oxygen
Authors: Ambrisko Tamas D. , Dantino Stephanie C. , Keating Stephanie C. J. , Strahl-Heldreth Danielle E. , Sage Adrianna M. , Martins Felipe Da Costa , Harper Tisha A. M. , Wilkins Pamela A.
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the repeatability and accuracy of fingertip pulse oximeters (FPO) for measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood and pulse rate (PR) in anesthetized dogs breathing 100% O2.

ANIMALS

29 healthy client-owned anesthetized dogs undergoing various surgical procedures.

PROCEDURES

In randomized order, each of 7 FPOs or a reference pulse oximeter (PO) was applied to the tongue of each intubated anesthetized dog breathing 100% O2. Duplicate measurements of oxygen saturation (Spo2) and PR were obtained within 60 seconds of applying an FPO or PO. A nonparametric version of Bland-Altman analysis was used. Coefficient of repeatability was the interval between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the differences between duplicate measurements. Bias was the median difference, and the limits of agreement were the 5th and 95th percentiles of the differences between each FPO and the PO. Acceptable values for the coefficient of repeatability of Spo2 were ≤ 6%. Agreements were accepted if the limits of agreement had an absolute difference of ≤ ± 3% in Spo2 and relative difference of ≤ ± 10% in PR.

RESULTS

Coefficient of repeatability for Spo2 was acceptable for 5 FPOs, but the limits of agreement for Spo2 were unacceptable for all FPOs. The limits of agreement for PR were acceptable for 2 FPOs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that some FPOs may be suitable for accurately monitoring PRs of healthy anesthetized dogs breathing 100% O2, but mild underestimation of Spo2 was common.
Evaluation of a continuous locking novel epitendinous suture pattern with and without a core locking-loop suture on the biomechanical properties of tenorrhaphy constructs in an ex vivo model of canine superficial digital flexor tendon laceration
Authors: Duffy Daniel J. , Chang Yi-Jen , Gaffney Lewis , Fisher Matthew B. , Moore George E.
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of a continuous locking novel epitendinous suture (nES) pattern with and without a core locking-loop (LL) suture on the biomechanical properties of ex vivo canine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) tenorrhaphy constructs.

SAMPLE

54 cadaveric forelimb SDFTs from 27 musculoskeletally normal adult dogs.

PROCEDURES

Tendons were assigned to 3 groups (18 SDFTs/group): sharply transected and repaired with a core LL suture alone (group 1), an nES pattern alone (group 2), or a combination of a core LL suture and nES pattern (group 3). All constructs underwent a single load-to-failure test. Yield, peak, and failure loads; gap formation incidence; and mode of failure were compared among the 3 groups.

RESULTS

Mean yield, peak, and failure loads differed significantly among the 3 groups and were greatest for group 3 and lowest for group 1. Mean yield, peak, and failure loads for group 3 constructs were greater than those for group 1 constructs by 50%, 47%, and 44%, respectively. None of the group 3 constructs developed 3-mm gaps. The most common mode of failure was suture pulling through the tendon for groups 1 (12/18) and 2 (12/18) and suture breakage for group 3 (13/18).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested augmentation of a core LL suture with an nES pattern significantly increased the strength of and prevented 3-mm gap formation at the tenorrhaphy site in ex vivo canine SDFTs. In vivo studies are necessary to assess the effectiveness and practicality of the nES pattern for SDFT repair in dogs.
THE CATEGORY OF VOICE IN VIETNAMESE: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Authors: Hoang Van Van
Published: March 2021

This article is a functional description of the category of voice – arguably, one of the most slippery notions in the grammar of Vietnamese that seems to resist any satisfactory treatment. The theoretical framework employed for describing and interpreting the category is Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Three questions which form the basis of this study are: (1) “Does the system of VOICE exist in Vietnamese?”; if so, (2) “What are the delicate options available in the environment of VOICE in Vietnamese?”; and (3) “How can these delicate options be distinguished from the SFL perspective?” The answers to these questions show that unlike formal grammatical descriptions, VOICE exists in Vietnamese as a system; the environment of VOICE opens up a number of delicate options; and these delicate options can be distinguished along the three metafunctions: experiential, interpersonal, and textual. The answers to these questions also show that SFL is a highly relevant framework for describing and interpreting the system of VOICE in Vietnamese: SFL helps us investigate the category from a number of dimensions, enabling us to have a more comprehensive view of it. The study contributes to the application of SFL to the description of Vietnamese grammar - a non-Indo-European language, opening up new potentials for a comprehensive approach to the description of a Systemic Functional Grammar of Vietnamese for research, application, and teaching purposes.
PROBLEM AS OPPORTUNITY: METACOGNITIVE LEARNING FOR DOCTORAL STUDENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Chowdhury Raqib
Published: March 2021

Our pre-pandemic hubris of touting our times as an advanced digital age has given way to misgivings and scepticism as we slowly realise the limits of technological advances and how our teaching and learning practices have not been able to completely sever from age-old traditions. With unprecedented changes triggered by the global pandemic which saw schools close and move on to online spaces within the span of a few weeks all the world over, there has been a flurry of academic research into student disengagement, better integration of technology and best practices in adaptation of teaching and learning. However, much less attention has been paid to the needs of educators themselves as learners, such as those engaged in the essentially solitary experience of doctoral studies, often characterised by writer’s block, procrastination or lack of motivation.
Yet the COVID-19 scenario has opened up splendid and unprecedented opportunities for reflection into our own practices. This paper critically considers the value of metacognition and self-regulated learning which current circumstances can nurture in unique ways. Studies have shown that the use of metacognitive strategies - which help learners understand their own learning - can amount to several months of progress. Much more than just learning to learn, such strategies also activate prior knowledge and make learners become higher-order agents overlooking their own learning while also being part of it, thereby leading to independent and transferrable practice. Drawing on anecdotal case studies of the presenter’s doctoral students, the paper will offer insights into ways in which early-career researchers can become effective and self-regulated learners who can take control of their own cognitive and motivational processes in planning, monitoring and evaluating skills and practices. In particular, the paper will propose guidelines through which a “securitization” can be achieved for a “post-pandemic pedagogy” (Murphy, 2020) for doctoral studies.
GENERIC STRUCTURE POTENTIAL OF COURSE DESCRIPTION
Authors: Thanh Ho Tuong , Tam Nguyen Thi Minh
Published: March 2021

Generic Structure Potential (GSP), which is a “range of textual structures available within a genre” (Hasan, 1984, p. 79) was developed based on the need for a “generic structure” of a text to gain a comprehensive understanding of a genre (Halliday, 1978). Despite various research into different types of academic and promotional genres, there has been little attention given to the course description. This research seeks to unveil the GSP of course description and identify differences between formal course descriptions and online ones, analyzed based on a fourteen-element analytical framework. The findings revealed four more elements apart from those available in the original analytical framework. Most importantly, the course description was discovered to play the role of both informing and promotional, yet the former role is dominant. Regarding the difference between conventional and online descriptions, online ones were found to possess a higher number of promotional elements but still focus on informing students and promoting the course at the same time. The sequence of these elements seems to resemble the purchase decision-making process of customers significantly. On the contrary, the traditional description puts major emphasis on the informative purpose and shows negligence to the promotional aspects.
IMPLEMENTING INTEGRATED FORMAT IN ASSESSING READING COMPREHENSION: A CASE OF VIETNAMESE EFL LEARNERS
Authors: Thanh Trinh Ngoc
Published: March 2021

The present study evaluates the effect of test format on the performance of reading comprehension, which is the integrated format. Unlike the separation of text and test questions into two sections in the split format, the main modification of the integrated format is that the relevant text is integrated with test questions in each reading task. Through the comparison between learners’ performance in the two test formats, this study tests the hypothesis that the overall test performance and task performance in the integrated format are higher than performance in the split format. Drawn on score data of 20 Vietnamese EFL learners, findings from the study showed no effect of test format on the overall test performance and marginally significant effect of test format on task performance. A further analysis on relevant aspects of test design is to be discussed.
ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING AND THEIR USE OF READING STRATEGIES: RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Thao Tran Quoc , Long Nguyen Hoang Chau
Published: March 2021

Reading plays a vital role in improving second/foreign language learning as it can encourage the development of autonomous learners. Furthermore, ESL/EFL learners’ use of reading strategies can be affected by their learning motivation, which can result in the high or low frequent use of reading strategies in reading comprehension. The present study, therefore, investigated the motivation in English language learning and the use of reading strategies among English-majored freshmen at a university in Bac Lieu province, Vietnam. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 180 English-majored freshmen, six of whom took part in semi-structured interviews. The results showed that participants had a high level of motivation in English language learning, and their metacognitive strategies worked better with their reading comprehension than their cognitive and social/affective strategies. The study further unraveled that the more participants were motivated in English language learning, the more they employed metacognitive and cognitive strategies in reading comprehension.