bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamic behaviour of an arrow in wind
Authors: Park James L
Published: March 2020

Target archery competitions are conducted outdoors, exposed to the prevailing weather conditions. Competition takes place over long target distances and wind drift of the arrows is a significant cause of score loss. In this article, the dynamic behaviour of an arrow in free flight and wind drift are modelled, allowing for both the arrow initially aligning itself with the resultant airflow and the arrow flexing. The arrow has been modelled as an inextensible flexible beam, and the resulting partial differential equations solved using a finite difference method. Lift and drag for the various arrow components have been calculated using the local angle of attack for those components. It is shown that archers should use small diameter arrow shafts with a high density in order to minimise wind drift. Even for the best arrows, the drift for a 3-m/s side wind is greater than four score rings for a recurve bow at a target distance of 70 m with a 1220-mm diameter target face and nearly two score rings for a compound bow at a target distance of 50 m with an 800-mm diameter target face.
Options to enhance the veracity of Australian health service accreditation assessments
Authors: Hinchcliff Reece , Debono Deborah , Carter David , Glennie Miriam , Robertson Hamish , Travaglia Joanne
Published: March 2020

Background:

Assessment processes applied within some health service accreditation programs have been criticised at times for being inaccurate, inconsistent or inefficient. Such criticism has inspired the development of innovative assessment methods.

Objective:

The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care considered the use of three such methods: short-notice or unannounced methods; patient journey or tracer methods; and attestation by governing bodies.

Method:

A systematic search and synthesis of published peer-reviewed and grey literature associated with these methods.

Results and Conclusion:

The published literature demonstrates that the likely benefits of these three assessment methods warrant further evaluation, real-world trials and stakeholder consultation to determine the most appropriate models to introduce into national accreditation programs.

Implications:

The subsequent introduction of models of short-notice assessments and attestation by governing bodies into the Australian Health Service Safety and Quality Accreditation Scheme in January 2019 demonstrates how the findings presented in this article influenced the national change in assessment practice, providing an example of evidence-informed accreditation development.
Efficient Production of the Potent Antimicrobial Metabolite “Terrein” From the Fungus Aspergillus terreus
Authors: Goutam Jyoti , Kharwar Ravindra Nath , Tiwari Vinod Kumar , Singh Ranjana , Sharma Divakar
Published: March 2020

The endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus (JAS-2) derived from Achyranthes aspera possesses multiple bioactive metabolites, one of which is terrein, a potent antimicrobial substance. Here we report the improved biosynthesis of terrein in cultures grown in media with a fixed carbon and modified nitrogen source (4% dextrose, 1% casein) for 15 days, after which pure crystals of terrein were obtained in the culture medium. We suggest that our improved method is effective for improving the quantity and quality of terrein produced. Terrein has shown potent antimicrobial activities against various microbes that may lead to its further use to combat antimicrobial resistance which threatens the community worldwide.
TNIIIA2, The Peptide of Tenascin-C, as a Candidate for Preventing Articular Cartilage Degeneration
Authors: Hattori Tetsuya , Hasegawa Masahiro , Unno Hironori , Iino Takahiro , Fukai Fumio , Yoshida Toshimichi , Sudo Akihiro
Published: March 2020

Objective

TNIIIA2 is a peptide of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C. We evaluated whether intra-articular injection of TNIIIA2 could prevent articular cartilage degeneration without inducing synovitis in an osteoarthritis mice model.

Design

Ten micrograms per milliliter of TNIIIA2 were injected into the knee joint of mice (group II) to evaluate the induction of synovitis. The control group received an injection of phosphate buffered saline (group I). Synovitis was evaluated using synovitis score 2 and 4 weeks after injection. The ligaments of knee joints of mice were transected to make the osteoarthritis model. After transection, 10 µg/mL of TNIIIA2 was injected into the knee joint (group IV). The control group received an injection of phosphate buffered saline after transection (group III). Histologic examinations were made using hematoxylin and eosin and safranin-O staining at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. An in vitro study was also performed to determine the mechanism by which TNIIIA2 prevents cartilage degeneration. Human chondrocytes were isolated, cultured, and treated with TNIIIA2. The expressions of various mRNAs, including inflammatory cytokines, and anabolic and catabolic factors for cartilage were compared using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

There were no differences between groups in the study of intra-articular injection of mice (group I vs. group II). In the osteoarthritis model, we found development of osteoarthritis was suppressed in group IV at 4 and 8 weeks. TNIIIA2 upregulated the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase 3, and basic fibroblast growth factor.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that TNIIIA2 could prevent cartilage degeneration without synovitis.
Marginalized Identity Invocation Online: The Case of President Donald Trump on Twitter
Authors: Coe Kevin , Griffin Rachel Alicia
Published: March 2020

Political communication about marginalized groups takes many forms, but none are more influential in the present moment than those that circulate via social media. This article takes two steps to better understand this important form of communication. First, it offers a four-part conceptual framework for studying marginalized identity invocation. It then pairs quantitative content analysis with critical/cultural analysis to examine the census of Donald Trump’s tweets during his first two years as president. Focusing especially on tonal variation in Trump’s tweets about different marginalized groups, we situate our findings in relation to the noteworthy power dynamics inherent in this variety of communication.
Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Clinics Multicenter Advancement Network Consortium (PPACMAN) 2018 Annual Meeting Summary
Authors: Haberman Rebecca , Perez-Chada Lourdes M. , Siegel Evan , Reginato Anthony M. , Webster Dan , Chandran Vinod , Walsh Jessica , Rosen Cheryl F. , Reddy Soumya , Ogdie Alexis , Scher Jose U. , Merola Joseph F.
Published: March 2020

The Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Clinics Multicenter Advancement Network (PPACMAN) was established to optimize the clinical care of patients with psoriatic disease through multidisciplinary collaboration, education, and innovative research. This article is a report of the 2018 PPACMAN Annual Meeting held in New York City, on December 8, 2018. At this meeting, attendees discussed the benefits and challenges of combined dermatology/rheumatology clinics and PPACMAN ongoing project updates. In addition, collaborators participated in breakout sessions and plenary voting dedicated to achieving consensus on terminology for preclinical psoriatic arthritis studies, one of PPACMAN’s main areas of interest. The data obtained from this voting exercise were used to draft a formal Delphi survey that is currently underway.
Runx1 negatively regulates inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils in response to Toll-like receptor signaling
Authors: Bellissimo Dana C. , Chen Chia-hui , Zhu Qin , Bagga Sumedha , Lee Chung-Tsai , He Bing , Wertheim Gerald B. , Jordan Martha , Tan Kai , Worthen G. Scott , Gilliland D. Gary , Speck Nancy A.
Published: March 2020

RUNX1 is frequently mutated in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. It has been shown to negatively regulate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling through nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in lung epithelial cells. Here we show that RUNX1 regulates TLR1/2 and TLR4 signaling and inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils. Hematopoietic-specific RUNX1 loss increased the production of proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), by bone marrow neutrophils in response to TLR1/2 and TLR4 agonists. Hematopoietic RUNX1 loss also resulted in profound damage to the lung parenchyma following inhalation of the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, neutrophils with neutrophil-specific RUNX1 loss lacked the inflammatory phenotype caused by pan-hematopoietic RUNX1 loss, indicating that dysregulated TLR4 signaling is not due to loss of RUNX1 in neutrophils per se. Rather, single-cell RNA sequencing indicates the dysregulation originates in a neutrophil precursor. Enhanced inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils following pan-hematopoietic RUNX1 loss correlated with increased degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, and RUNX1-deficient neutrophils displayed broad transcriptional upregulation of many of the core components of the TLR4 signaling pathway. Hence, early, pan-hematopoietic RUNX1 loss de-represses an innate immune signaling transcriptional program that is maintained in terminally differentiated neutrophils, resulting in their hyperinflammatory state. We hypothesize that inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils may contribute to leukemia associated with inherited RUNX1 mutations.
Helicobacter pylori infection as a risk factor for diabetes: a meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Mansori Kamyar , Moradi Yousef , Naderpour Sara , Rashti Roya , Moghaddam Ali Baradaran , Saed Lotfolah , Mohammadi Hedyeh
Published: March 2020

Background

There are several studies with varied and mixed results about the possible relationship betweenH. pyloriand diabetes. Therefore, this current meta-analysis performed to determine the association betweenH. pyloriinfection and the risk of diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A systematic literature searches of international databases, including Medline (PubMed), Web of Sciences, Scopus, EMBASE, and CINHAL (January 1990–March 2019) was conducted to identify studies investigating the relationship betweenH. pyloriinfection and diabetes mellitus. Only case–control studies were analyzed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Stratified and subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity between studies and assess effects of study quality. Logarithm and standard error logarithm odds ratio (OR) were also used for meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 41 studies involving 9559 individuals (case; 4327 and control; 5232) were analyzed. The pooled estimate of the association betweenH. pyloriinfection with diabetes was OR = 1.27 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.45,P = 0.0001, I2 = 86.6%). The effect ofH. pyloriinfection on diabetes mellitus (both types), type 1 and type 2 diabetes was 1.17 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.45), 1.19 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.45), and 1.43 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.85) respectively. Subgroup analysis by the geographical regions showed in Asian population risk of the effect ofH. pyloriinfection on diabetes was slightly higher than other population,

Conclusion

In overall a positive association betweenH. pyloriinfection and diabetes mellitus was found.
Correction to: The influence of race in older adults with infective endocarditis
Authors: Harris Ché Matthew , Khaliq Waseem , Albaeni Aiham , Norris Keith C.
Published: March 2020

After publication of the original article [1], there is a duplicate “35.322” in the section “Study outcomes”: Secondary outcomes included combined aortic valve repairs or replacements (ICD-9 35.11, 35.22, 35.22), […]”. This should be read “(ICD-9 35.11, 35.21, 35.22)”, instead.
Perinatal asphyxia and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sendeku Fikadu Waltengus , Azeze Getnet Gedefaw , Fenta Selamawit Lake
Published: March 2020

Background

Despite different preventive strategies that have been implemented in different health institutions in the country, neonatal mortality and morbidity are still significantly increasing in Ethiopia. Perinatal asphyxia is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a result, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of perinatal asphyxia in Ethiopia.

Methods

Online databases (PubMed, HINARI, EMBASE, Google Scholar and African Journals), other gray and online repository accessed studies were searched using different search engines. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used for critical appraisal of studies. The analysis was done using STATA 11 software. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used to test the heterogeneity of studies. The funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to detect publication bias of the studies. The pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval was presented using forest plots.

Result

Nine studies were included in this review, with a total of 12,249 live births in Ethiopia. The overall pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in Ethiopia was 24.06% (95 95%CI: 18.11–30.01). Associated factors of perinatal asphyxia included prolonged labor (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.98, 3.93), low birth weight (OR = 6.52, 95% CI: 4.40, 9.65), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (OR = 5.91, 95% CI: 3.95, 8.83) and instrumental delivery (OR = 4.04, 95% CI: 2.48, 6.60) were the determinant factors of perinatal asphyxia in Ethiopia.

Conclusions

The overall pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia was remarkably high. Duration of labor, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, instrumental deliveries, and birth weight were the associated factors of perinatal asphyxia in Ethiopia. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the quality of intrapartum care service to prevent prolonged labor and fetal complications and to identify and make a strict follow up of mothers with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. This finding is important to early recognition and management of its contributing factors, might modify hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and may improve the implementation of the standard guideline effectively and consistently.
How to ensure basic competencies in end of life care – a mixed methods study with post-graduate trainees in primary care in Germany
Authors: Schwill Simon , Reith Dorothee , Walter Tobias , Engeser Peter , Wensing Michel , Flum Elisabeth , Szecsenyi Joachim , Krug Katja
Published: March 2020

Background

Providing end of life care (EoLC) is an important aspect of primary care, which reduces the risk of hospital admission for most patients. However, general practitioners (GPs) seem to have low confidence in their ability to provide EoLC. Little is known about an adequate volume and kind of training in EoLC among GP trainees.

Methods

We performed a before-after comparison in all post-graduate GP trainees who were registered in the vocational training program (KWBW VerbundweiterbildungPLUS). They were offered participation within a two-day seminar focussing on palliative care in 2017. Those who attended the seminar (intervention group I) completed a paper-based questionnaire directly before the intervention (T1) and 6 months after (T2). None-attendees (group C) were also asked to fill out the questionnaire once. The questionnaire covered previous experiences in palliative care, self-assessment of competencies in EoLC in the organisation of patient care as well as in control of symptoms, attitudes towards death and caring for dying patients and questions about GPs’ role in EoLC.

Results

In total, 294 GP trainees (I: n = 219; C: n = 75) participated in the study. Of those, more than 90% had previously gained experience in EoLC mainly during vocational training in the hospital rotation. Around a third had previously gained competencies in EoLC in medical school. Between groups I (T1) and C no significant differences were observed in socio-demographic characteristics, pre-existing experience or overall expertise. At T2, 75% of participants of group I declared they have extended their competencies in EoLC after the intervention and 70% classified the intervention as helpful or very helpful. Overall, they rated their competencies significantly higher than at T1 (p < 0.01). In detail, competencies in organisation of EoLC and competencies in handling of symptoms significantly improved (p < 0.01). Due to the intervention, 66% could reflect their attitudes towards dying, death and grief and 18% changed their attitudes. Group I highlighted palliative care as one of GPs tasks (Likert 4.47/5, SD 0.75).

Conclusions

The intervention fostered personal competencies, understanding and self-confidence in EoLC among GP trainees. This is crucial for the aim to broadly provide EoLC.
Dietary patterns of Brazilian farmers and their relation with sociodemographic, labor, and lifestyle conditions
Authors: Cattafesta Monica , Petarli Glenda Blaser , da Luz Tamires Conceição , Zandonade Eliana , de Paula Alves Bezerra Olívia Maria , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani
Published: March 2020

Background

The eating habits have changed in the last few decades, but few studies prioritize the food consumption of farmers and the rural population. Therefore, the objective of this study was explore the sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle factors to the high adherence these dietary patterns.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 740 farmers (51.5%, n = 381 males; 48.5%, n = 359 females) from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil. Food intake data were obtained by applying multipass 24-h recall and dietary intake was presented in dietary patterns determined by Principal Component Analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation.

Results

Three dietary patterns were identified. The first pattern, “local traditional”, was associated with sociodemographic and labor variables, being considered typical of the region’s farmer as white race/color (p = 0.003), not extra-physical activity (p = 0.014) and cultivating 5 or more crops (p = 0.005). The permanence of a “traditional Brazilian” pattern and the occurrence of an “industrialized” pattern were also observed. Farmers working in non-conventional agriculture were 54% less adhere to “traditional Brazilian” pattern (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25–0.86, p = 0.014). Individuals aged 50 and over years were 82% less likely (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10–0.30) to adhere to “industrialized” pattern. Still, individuals of lower socioeconomic class were 52% less likely to adhere to this pattern (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96). Farmers who spent R$ 200 or more per capita to buy food were more than twice as likely to adhere to this food pattern (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.32–3.73), and who had the habit of frequently eating out were 1.62 as likely adhere to “industrialized” pattern (95% CI 1.11–2.36).

Conclusions

The findings indicate changes in dietary patterns in rural areas of the country, maintaining a traditional Brazilian pattern, as well as a local and an industrialized pattern. This last pattern demonstrates that the contemporary rural population also opts for a diet with ultra-processed products, being associated with the characteristic habits of a more urbanized rural region.
Expression of RSK4, CD44 and MMP-9 is upregulated and positively correlated in metastatic ccRCC
Authors: Ma Jing , Li Mingyang , Chai Jia , Wang Kaijing , Li Peifeng , Liu Yixiong , Zhao Danhui , Xu Junpeng , Yu Kangjie , Yan Qingguo , Guo Shuangping , Wang Zhe , Fan Linni
Published: March 2020

Background

To investigate the expression and function of RSK4, MMP-9 and CD44 in primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (primary ccRCC) and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (metastatic ccRCC), as well as the correlation with clinicopathological features of patients.

Method

The expression levels of RSK4, CD44 and MMP-9 in 52 primary ccRCC samples and 48 metastatic ccRCC samples were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between RSK4, CD44 and MMP-9 expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of metastatic ccRCC patients was statistically analysed. Ectopic RSK4 expression in ccRCC cell lines was performed to determine its effect on cell cycle regulation, tumour invasiveness, and metastatic capability.

Results

The positive rates of RSK4, MMP-9 and CD44 expression in metastatic ccRCC tissues were 75, 68.75 and 91.7%, respectively, while the rates in primary ccRCC tissues were 44.2, 34.6 and 69.2%, respectively. Thus, the positive rates in metastatic ccRCC were higher than those in primary ccRCC (PRSK4 = 0. 002; PMMP-9 = 0. 002; PCD44 = 0. 001). However, the expression of RSK4, CD44 and MMP-9 was unrelated to age, gender, or metastatic sites (P > 0.05) but was related to WHO/ISUP nucleolar grade (PRSK4 = 0.019; PCD44 = 0.026; PMMP-9 = 0.049). In metastatic ccRCC, expression among the three proteins showed a positive correlation (P = 0.008). Moreover, expression between RSK4 and CD44 (P = 0.019) and MMP-9 and CD44 (P = 0.05) also showed positive correlations, whereas RSK4 and MMP-9 showed no significant correlation (P = 1.00). Molecular studies showed that overexpression of RSK4 could enhance the invasive and migratory abilities of ccRCC cell lines through the regulation of CD44 and MMP-9 expression and vice versa.

Conclusions

The overexpression of RSK4, MMP-9 and CD44 is associated with the invasion and metastasis of ccRCC, indicating that they could be potential prognostic factors and serve as new potential therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
Essential Noninvasive Multimodality Neuromonitoring for the Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Rasulo Frank A. , Togni Tommaso , Romagnoli Stefano
Published: March 2020

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2020. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2020. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Coagulation tests or standardized questionnaire, which is better as a predictor of bleeding? A prospective study among children before tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy
Authors: Masalha Muhamed , DeRowe Ari , Mazzawi Salim , Chen Tzvi , Ghanayim Rami , Landsberg Roee , Koren Ariel
Published: March 2020

Objective

The value of pre-operative coagulation testing for adenotonsillar surgery is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of routine coagulation tests and a standardized questionnaire in children before tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.

Results

A total of 143 children were prospectively enrolled in the study between 2013 and 2017, 81 males (56.6%) and 62 females (43.4%), age range 1 to 18 years (median age 5 years). Eighteen bleeding events were documented, three of them required treatment in the operating room. Abnormal coagulation tests were not associated with higher odds of bleeding after surgery. Higher risk of bleeding (p = 0.01) was associated with an abnormal standardized medical questionnaire.
Disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission, within a cognitive challenge paradigm, is indicative of Aβ-related cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease after a 27-month delay interval
Authors: Alber Jessica , Maruff Paul , Santos Cláudia Y. , Ott Brian R. , Salloway Stephen P. , Yoo Don C. , Noto Richard B. , Thompson Louisa I. , Goldfarb Danielle , Arthur Edmund , Song Alex , Snyder Peter J.
Published: March 2020

Background

Abnormal beta-amyloid (Aβ) is associated with deleterious changes in central cholinergic tone in the very early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which may be unmasked by a cholinergic antagonist (J Prev Alzheimers Dis 1:1–4, 2017). Previously, we established the scopolamine challenge test (SCT) as a “cognitive stress test” screening measure to identify individuals at risk for AD (Alzheimer’s & Dementia 10(2):262–7, 2014) (Neurobiol. Aging 36(10):2709-15, 2015). Here we aim to demonstrate the potential of the SCT as an indicator of cognitive change and neocortical amyloid aggregation after a 27-month follow-up interval.

Methods

Older adults (N = 63, aged 55–75 years) with self-reported memory difficulties and first-degree family history of AD completed the SCT and PET amyloid imaging at baseline and were then seen for cognitive testing at 9, 18, and 27 months post-baseline. Repeat PET amyloid imaging was completed at the time of the 27-month exam.

Results

Significant differences in both cognitive performance and in Aβ neocortical burden were observed between participants who either failed vs. passed the SCT at baseline, after a 27-month follow-up period.

Conclusions

Cognitive response to the SCT (Alzheimer’s & Dementia 10(2):262–7, 2014) at baseline is related to cognitive change and PET amyloid imaging results, over the course of 27 months, in preclinical AD. The SCT may be a clinically useful screening tool to identify individuals who are more likely to both have positive evidence of amyloidosis on PET imaging and to show measurable cognitive decline over several years.
A variable step-size diffusion LMS algorithm with a quotient form
Authors: Bin Saeed Muhammad Omer , Zerguine Azzedine
Published: March 2020

A new variable step-size strategy for the least mean square (LMS) algorithm is presented for distributed estimation in adaptive networks using the diffusion scheme. This approach utilizes the ratio of filtered and windowed versions of the squared instantaneous error for iteratively updating the step-size. The result is that the dependence of the update on the power of the error is reduced. The performance of the algorithm improves even though it is at the cost of added computational complexity. However, the increase in computational complexity can be minimized by careful manipulation of the update equation, resulting in an excellent performance-complexity trade-off. Complete theoretical analysis is presented for the proposed algorithm including stability, transient and steady-state analyses. Extensive experimental analysis is then done to show the performance of the proposed algorithm under various scenarios.
Census of economic evaluations in primary prevention 2014–2019: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jackson Hannah , Shiell Alan
Published: March 2020

Background

A large proportion of the burden of disease is preventable, yet investment in health promotion and disease prevention programmes remains a small share of the total health budget in many countries. The perception that there is paucity of evidence on the cost-effectiveness of public health programmes is seen as a barrier to policy change. The aim of this scoping review is to conduct a census of economic evaluations in primary prevention in order to identify and map the existing evidence.

Methods

This review is an update of a prior census and will include full economic evaluations of primary prevention programmes conducted in a community-based setting that were published between 2014 and 2019. The search of electronic databases (MEDLINE and Embase, and NHS-EED for 2014) will be supplemented by a search for grey literature in OpenGrey and a search of the reference lists of reviews of economic evaluations identified in our searches. Retrieved citations will be imported into Covidence® and independently screened in a two-stage process by two reviewers (abstracts and full papers). Any disagreements on the eligibility of a citation will be resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. Included studies will then be categorised by one independent reviewer according to a four-part typology covering the type of health promotion intervention, the risk factor being tackled, the setting in which the intervention took place and the population most affected by the intervention. New to this version of the census, we will also document whether or not the intervention sets out specifically to address inequalities in health.

Discussion

This review will produce an annotated bibliography of all economic evaluations plus a report summarising the current scope and content of the economic evidence (highlighting where it is plentiful and where it is lacking) and describing any changes in the type of economic evidence available for the various categories of disease prevention programmes since the last census. This will allow us to identify where future evaluative efforts should be focused to enhance the economic evidence base regarding primary prevention interventions.

Systematic review registration

Registration is being sought concurrently.
Achilles tendon reconstruction with peroneus tendon transfer following epithelioid sarcoma resection: a rare case report at 5 years follow-up
Authors: Mariotti Federica , Caravelli Silvio , Mosca Massimiliano , Massimi Simone , Casadei Roberto , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: March 2020

Background

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare in hand and foot. In this paper we present a case of reconstruction of Achilles tendon defect with peroneus brevis transfer reinforced with medial gastrocnemius fascia and plantaris tendon after excision of a local recurrence of epithelioid sarcoma.

Case presentation

Fifty-five years-old female. MRI showed a lump of 5 × 2,5 × 2 cm into Achille’s tendon with invasion of the anterior fat tissue but no invasion of the surrounding bones. The patient underwent excision of the tumour and reconstruction of the tendinous defect with peroneus brevis transfer. Surgical technique has been widely described.

Discussion and conclusions

Epithelioid sarcoma arising from the Achilles tendon is an extremely rare malignant tumour in an atypical site and may easily be confused with other soft tissue masses. It presents a technical challenge because of the large tendon defect remaining following wide resection. Reconstruction with peroneus brevis transfer, reinforced with medial gastrocnemius fascia and plantaris tendon, restore appropriate structural continuity and resistance. Functional results are satisfactory.
Mast cells-derived MiR-223 destroys intestinal barrier function by inhibition of CLDN8 expression in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Li Musheng , Zhao Junhong , Cao Meiwan , Liu Ruitao , Chen Guanhua , Li Songyu , Xie Yuanwen , Xie Jing , Cheng Yang , Huang Ling , Su Mingmin , Xu Yuxin , Zheng Mingyue , Zou Kejian , Geng Lanlan , Xu Wanfu , Gong Sitang
Published: March 2020

Background

Mast cells (MCs) have been found to play a critical role during development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that characterized by dysregulation of inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier function. However, the function of MCs in IBD remains to be fully elucidated.

Results

In our study, we used exosomes isolated from human mast cells-1 (HMCs-1) to culture with NCM460, HT-29 or CaCO2 of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to investigate the communication between MCs and IECs. We found that MCs-derived exosomes significantly increased intestinal epithelial permeability and destroyed intestinal barrier function, which is attributed to exosome-mediated functional miRNAs were transferred from HMCs-1 into IECs, leading to inhibit tight junction-related proteins expression, including tight junction proteins 1 (TJP1, ZO-1), Occludin (OCLN), Claudin 8 (CLDN8). Microarray and bioinformatic analysis have further revealed that a panel of miRNAs target different tight junction-related proteins. Interestingly, miR-223 is enriched in mast cell-derived exosome, which inhibit CLDN8 expression in IECs, while treatment with miR-223 inhibitor in HT-29 cells significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of HMCs-1-derived exosomes on CLDN 8 expression. Most importantly, enrichment of MCs accumulation in intestinal mucosa of patients with IBD compared with those healthy control.

Conclusions

These results indicated that enrichment of exosomal miR-223 from HMCs-1 inhibited CLDN8 expression, leading to destroy intestinal barrier function. These finding provided a novel insight of MCs as a new target for therapeutic treatment of IBD.
Correction to: The relation between reflection and the quality of a preschool teacher’s education performance
Authors: Syslová Zora
Published: March 2020

The original article contains a minor typo in Fig. 1; ‘dodactic’ should instead state ‘didactic’.
Successful treatment of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber for septic shock and severe acute kidney injury due to ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli: a case report with literature review
Authors: Shima Hisato , Kimura Takehiko , Nishiuchi Takeshi , Iwase Takashi , Hashizume Shunji , Takamori Nobuyuki , Harada Megumi , Higashiguchi Yusuke , Masaki Chiaki , Banno Taro , Nagasaka Naoki , Ito Ayako , Inoue Tomoko , Tashiro Manabu , Nishitani Masaaki , Kawahara Kazuhiko , Okada Kazuyoshi , Minakuchi Jun
Published: March 2020

Background

Septic shock is a life-threatening condition and one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury. Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) is used to reduce endotoxin levels in blood. Here, we report a rare but important case of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and septic shock, which was successfully treated with PMX-DHP in spite of inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy.

Case presentation

An 84-year-old man was hospitalized for septic shock and acute kidney injury. Although he was treated with ceftriaxone, he did not recover from hypotension and had reduced urine output. After initiating PMX-DHP on days 3 and 4, his blood pressure was immediately elevated and his white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels improved. Because ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli was identified in blood culture, we changed his antibiotics to levofloxacin on day 7. He successfully recovered from the septic shock and dialysis was withdrawn.

Conclusions

Considering the use of inappropriate initial antibiotics, the early induction of PMX-DHP might have been a key determinant of his outcome. PMX-DHP therapy should be considered in septic shock in addition to antibiotic treatment.
Endogenous Testosterone Levels and the Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Men: The MrOS Prospective Study
Authors: Collet Tinh-Hai , Ewing Susan K , Ensrud Kristine E , Laughlin Gail A , Hoffman Andrew R , Varosy Paul D , Stefanick Marcia L , Stone Katie L , Orwoll Eric , Bauer Douglas C
Published: March 2020

Context

Observational studies show discordant links between endogenous testosterone levels and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Objective

We assessed whether sex hormones and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) are associated with CVD in community-dwelling elderly men.

Design, Setting and Participants

Prospective study of incident CVD among 552 men ≥ 65 years in the MrOS Sleep Study without prevalent CVD and no testosterone therapy at baseline.

Outcomes

Fasting serum levels of total testosterone and estradiol were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and SHBG by chemiluminescent substrate. The association of sex hormones and SHBG with incident coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular (stroke and transient ischemic attack) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) events were assessed by quartile and per SD increase in proportional hazards models.

Results

After 7.4 years, 137 men (24.8%) had at least 1 CVD event: 90 CHD, 45 cerebrovascular and 26 PAD. The risk of incident CVD events was not associated with quartiles of baseline sex hormones or SHBG (all P ≥ 0.16). For +1 SD in total testosterone, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.80-1.34) for CHD, 0.86 (0.60-1.25) for cerebrovascular, and 0.81 (0.52-1.26) for PAD events. When analyzed as continuous variables or comparing highest to low quartile, levels of bioavailable testosterone, total estradiol, testosterone/estradiol ratio and SHBG were not associated with CVD events.

Conclusions

In community-dwelling elderly men, endogenous levels of testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG were not associated with increased risk of CHD, cerebrovascular, or PAD events. These results are limited by the small number of events and should be explored in future studies.
From Tracheal Stenosis to Tracheostomy Displacement: A Case Report on a Seemingly Never-Ending Difficult Airway
Authors: Tara Arjun , Kumaraswami Sangeeta , Berzofsky Craig
Published: March 2020

We report a case of undiagnosed tracheal stenosis that culminated in acute respiratory failure in an inpatient unit. After failed intubation attempts, the placement of a supraglottic airway resulted in successful ventilation and was followed by a tracheostomy in the operating room. Postoperatively, the tracheostomy tube became accidentally dislodged necessitating emergency measures with eventual reinsertion of a longer tracheostomy tube. We present this case to highlight life-saving airway strategies that may be considered in such emergency situations and propose 2 simple algorithms to guide anesthesiologists in managing similar airway emergencies.
An update on the management of breast atypical ductal hyperplasia
Authors: Schiaffino Simone , Cozzi Andrea , Sardanelli Francesco
Published: March 2020

Among lesions with uncertain malignant potential found at percutaneous breast biopsy, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) carries both the highest risk of underestimation and the closest and most pathologist-dependent differential diagnosis with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), matching the latter’s features save for size only. ADH is therefore routinely surgically excised, but single-centre studies with limited sample size found low rates of upgrade to invasive cancer or DCIS. This suggests the possibility of surveillance over surgery in selected subgroups, considering the 2% threshold allowing for follow-up according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. A recent meta-analysis on 6458 lesions counters this approach, confirming that, surgically excised or managed with surveillance, ADH carries a 29% and 5% upgrade rate, respectively, invariably higher than 2% even in subgroups considering biopsy guidance and technique, needle calibre, apparent complete lesion removal. The high heterogeneity (I  2 = 80%) found in this meta-analysis reaffirmed the need to synthesise evidence from systematic reviews to achieve generalisable results, fit for guidelines development. Limited tissue sampling at percutaneous biopsy intrinsically hampers the prediction of ADH-associated malignancy. This prediction could be improved by using contrast-enhanced breast imaging and applying artificial intelligence on both pathology and imaging results, allowing for overtreatment reduction.
Protocol for the derivation and validation of a clinical prediction model to support the diagnosis of asthma in children and young people in primary care
Authors: Daines Luke , Bonnett Laura J. , Boyd Andy , Turner Steve , Lewis Steff , Sheikh Aziz , Pinnock Hilary
Published: March 2020

Background: Accurately diagnosing asthma can be challenging. Uncertainty about the best combination of clinical features and investigations for asthma diagnosis is reflected in conflicting recommendations from international guidelines. One solution could be a clinical prediction model to support health professionals estimate the probability of an asthma diagnosis. However, systematic review evidence identifies that existing models for asthma diagnosis are at high risk of bias and unsuitable for clinical use. Being mindful of previous limitations, this protocol describes plans to derive and validate a prediction model for use by healthcare professionals to aid diagnostic decision making during assessment of a child or young person with symptoms suggestive of asthma in primary care.

Methods: A prediction model will be derived using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and linked primary care electronic health records (EHR). Data will be included from study participants up to 25 years of age where permissions exist to use their linked EHR. Participants will be identified as having asthma if they received at least three prescriptions for an inhaled corticosteroid within a one-year period and have an asthma code in their EHR. To deal with missing data we will consider conducting a complete case analysis. However, if the exclusion of cases with missing data substantially reduces the total sample size, multiple imputation will be used. A multivariable logistic regression model will be fitted with backward stepwise selection of candidate predictors.  Apparent model performance will be assessed before internal validation using bootstrapping techniques. The model will be adjusted for optimism before external validation in a dataset created from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database.

Discussion: This protocol describes a robust strategy for the derivation and validation of a prediction model to support the diagnosis of asthma in children and young people in primary care.
Is patient safety in the NHS in England a postcode lottery?
Authors: Tingle John
Published: March 2020

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent patient safety publications from the World Health Organization and the Care Quality Commission
School nurses' role in supporting transgender young people
Authors: Day Patricia
Published: March 2020

Transgender young people are frequently ostracised by their families and communities. As a result, their emotional wellbeing can be seriously affected. School nurses have an important role to play in supporting transgender young people and embracing diversity in ways which encourage tolerance and inclusion in school communities.
RSE: Asking young people for their views on relationships and sex education
Authors: Emmerson Lucie
Published: March 2020

Who better to ask about what is needed from relationships and sex education than the children themselves. This is what the Sex Education Forum has done and the findings are revealing. Lucy Emmerson explains
COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTAR E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM SERVIDORES: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A SAÚDE COLETIVA
Authors: Souza Mariana Pimentel Gomes , Sampaio Rafaella , Cavalcante Ana Carolina Montenegro , Arruda Soraia Pinheiro Machado , Pinto Francisco José Maia
Published: March 2020

Introdução: O comportamento alimentar é definido como um conjunto de ações realizadas desde o momento da escolha do alimento a ser consumido. Comportamentos alimentares de risco podem desencadear o desenvolvimento de patologias e transtornos alimentares. Objetivo: refletir e discutir sobre o comportamento alimentar e os fatores associados em servidores. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa realizada com base em periódicos nacionais e internacionais abordando assuntos relacionados ao tema. As bases consultadas foram Bireme, LILACS, SciELO, Pubmed e portal de periódicos CAPES. Resultados: A pesquisa bibliográfica revelou que fatores relacionados ao estresse frequente derivado da rotina e pressão em relação ao desempenho no trabalho são indicativos de que alguns trabalhadores sejam um grupo susceptível a comportamentos alimentares de risco. A associação bidirecional entre qualidade de vida e desordens do comportamento alimentar vem sendo evidenciada e o estresse psicológico e a qualidade de vida referente ao bem-estar mental estiveram relacionados com a piora dos sintomas de desordens alimentares. Além disso, revelou-se que sintomas de desordens alimentares contribuíram em intensificar o estresse psicológico e reduzir os níveis de qualidade de vida. Conclusões: Através do estudo reforça-se que os distúrbios no comportamento alimentar provenientes de alterações psicológicas como ansiedade, estresse e atitudes alimentares a fim de reduzir tensões, podem ocasionar o consumo excessivo de alimentos resultando em obesidade. Assim, o ambiente de trabalho é o local ideal para o desenvolvimento de estudos investigativos, diagnósticos e de intervenção para doenças, pois o indivíduo passa a maior parte da sua vida nesse ambiente.
Area-coding method in frequency comb profilometry fused with optical interferometry for measuring centimeter-depth objects with nanometer accuracy
Authors: Duc Pham Quang , Hayasaki Yoshio
Published: March 2020

Area coding masks in a frequency comb profilometer (FCP) based on a single-pixel imaging architecture are introduced for measuring a practical metal object that has weaker reflection than a specular object does. In such a case, it is important to increase the intensity of the encoded object light on the photodetector area because a photodiode operated at a high frequency of more than 1 GHz is generally small. The area-coding masks can concentrate more light on the focal point compared with random-coding masks that are commonly used. The increased intensity also increases the number of pixels in the FCP, and consequently accurate matching is achieved between the data obtained by optical interferometry and the FCP data. It was demonstrated that the introduction of area-coding masks increased the detected light intensity and allowed us to measure a practical metal object with 16 times more sampling points.
Analytical design of a high-performing +1st order diffraction convex grating imaging spectrometer
Authors: Shen Yu-Hang , Ni Zheng-Ji , Huang Yuan-Shen , Sheng Bin , Xu Bang-Lian , Guo Mo-Qiang , Xu Meng-Jing
Published: March 2020

A novel concentric spectrometer having one convex grating and one concave mirror, working at

+

1

st order diffraction, and with a small size, high resolution, and high diffraction efficiency, is proposed. It can simultaneously achieve high resolution and compactness by increasing the grating groove density. A compact spectrometer operating at a wavelength of 740–790 nm with an excellent imaging quality is designed. Its spectral resolution reaches 0.049 nm, and its diffraction efficiency improves by 27% compared to the conventional Offner spectrometer with convex grating working at

−

1

st order diffraction. This is suitable for small, light, and low-cost atmospheric gas monitoring satellites.
Research on the surface morphological and electrochemical modification of polyvinyl chloride induced by KrF and ArF excimer laser direct writing
Authors: Wu Jian , Zeng Tingting , Wang Chunyan , Chen Tao , Zheng Chong
Published: March 2020

To obtain superior performance in adhesion, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrates were modified by excimer laser direct writing with different operating wavelengths, scanning speeds, and laser fluences. The induced morphological and electrochemical changes were detailedly tested and analyzed. Microchannels were formed on the surfaces of the PVC substrates due to the laser ablation, where the melted-resolidified droplet-like structures were distributed uniformly and can significantly improve the mechanical interlock. Furthermore, according to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, Lewis bases such as hydroxyl and carbonyl were formed after laser treatment, which is beneficial to the adhesion strength. These mechanical and chemical modifications may play positive roles in enhancing the bonding strength of the PVC edge bandings.
Self-absorption reduction in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using laser-stimulated absorption: publisher’s note
Authors: Li Jia-Ming , Guo Lian-Bo , Li Chang-Mao , Zhao Nan , Yang Xin-Yan , Hao Zhong-Qi , Li Xiang-You , Zeng Xiao-Yan , Lu Yong-Feng
Published: March 2020

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.
40, 5224 (2015).OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.40.005224
Phase evolution of terahertz radiation from femtosecond laser-induced air plasma: publisher’s note
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Chen Yanping , Zhang Zhelin , Xia Tianhao , Zhang Jiayang , Sheng Zhengming , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2020

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.
45, 1966 (2020).OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.385292