bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithm of the automatic synchronizer operation
Authors: Grigorkin B O , Safronov G S
Published: March 2021

When connecting powerful synchronous electric machines (SM) to the power system uses automatic synchronizers with constant lead time. It is necessary to improve their accuracy and performance for the success of synchronization on the technological requirements of production. METHODS. For SM change the angle of the rotor is determined in the three phases of the synchronized voltages. This allows to increase the number of measurements per unit of time. The least-squares method is used for extrapolating the function values at the interval forecast. REZULTS. The proposed algorithm for automatic synchronizer uses to predict the set of values of the functions change the angle of the rotor. This distinguishes it from the known algorithms, where the forecast is based on the three rotor angle values determined over the same time interval. This property improves the accuracy, reduces the time interval determine the forecast considers possible change of the acceleration slip angle of the rotor. Using the least-squares method allows to abandon the traditional derivative calculation of the angle of the rotor, which is associated with increased interference. In addition, this method characteristic filter properties. CONCLUSIONS. The developed algorithm allows to quickly define the time of synchronization and improves the conditions of the SM by keeping dynamic stability.
Electromechanical speed control system for steam turbine generator
Authors: Stelmashchuk S V , Sherov E D
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the application of a turbine speed electromechanical control system. The range of questions includes a description of the principle of operation and mathematical description of the turbine unit with electromechanical control system, as well as the close motoring for electromechanical control system. The mathematical description is presented in the form of transfer functions based on the linearization of the motion equation of turbine in the relative deviations of the parameters of the turbine unit and the electric drive of the electromechanical control system. The linearized description will allow us to apply classical methods of synthesis of controllers of an electromechanical control system. The use of an electric drive instead of a hydraulic actuator, which are used for centrifugal and hydroelectric controllers, will lead to an improvement in the quality of regulation in terms of precision and speed. This will increase the reliability of synchronization of generators. This will allow you to adjust the rotation speeds of all generators in a coordinated manner, rather than individually.
New device for the quality control of the high-voltage electrical insulator
Authors: Serebryakov A S , Osokin V L , Semyonov D A , Dulepov D E
Published: March 2021

During the operation of high-voltage electrical equipment, its insulation ages, its properties deteriorate, and the electrical strength decreases. To avoid sudden breakdowns of insulation and maintain the necessary level of reliability of high-voltage electrical equipment, the state of its insulation must be periodically monitored. The device described in the article is intended for preventive testing and diagnostics of heterogeneous high-voltage insulation of electric machines, power oil transformers and cables with paper-oil insulation. In particular, the integral assessment of high-voltage insulation aging, its humidification and remaining operational life can be based on the use of the absorption phenomenon (the accumulation of internal absorbed charge). Self-discharge and return voltage are measured to assess the insulation condition. A block diagram of the device for monitoring the electrical insulator quality is given as well as the formulae for determining the spent and remaining operational life of the tested insulation. The proposed device will increase the operational reliability of high-voltage electrical equipment.
Rectangular current pulse generator to test varistors with pulsed electrical load
Authors: Chernenko N A , Morozov A V , Myulbaer A A , Sheglov N V , Shevchenko S S , Shmakov I V
Published: March 2021

A brand-new circuit of a rectangular pulse current generator is presented. As a rule, generators consisting of 6-10 LC cells connected in series are used to obtain rectangular current pulses. Such units are very cumbersome and complicated in the selection of element parameters and adjustment, so a new scheme of pulse current generator was proposed. The main difference from the classical circuit is the method of generating a rectangular current pulse, i.e. by adding the currents from two parallel circuits connected to the load. The first circuit at discharge generates an aperiodic current pulse, the second generates an oscillatory current pulse. The total current pulse flowing through varistor has constant amplitude for some time. In a specified period of time, while the current pulse has a constant amplitude, there is an interruption of current with the help of a switching device. The given circuit solution is possible to implement when using fundamentally new switching devices of the IGBT module. A connection diagram of a pulse current generator for testing varistors with a classification voltage to 1200 V with adjustable pulse duration of 50, 1000, 2000 µs is proposed. The parameters of the generator circuit elements are determined. The measures aimed at suppression of overvoltages arising at break of current in circuits with high inductance as well as the tests confirming the operability of the designed circuit are carried out.
Addressing environmental issues faced by chemical companies when cleaning gas emissions from sulfur dioxide
Authors: Nikolaeva L A , Khusnutdinova E M
Published: March 2021

At the enterprises of the chemical complex, significant harmful gas emissions are generated that pollute the atmospheric air. In this paper, it is proposed to purify gas emissions from industrial enterprises by the adsorption method. The adsorption method is one of the more common methods of gas purification in the industry, which ensures the content of harmful substances in gases at the level of specific air emissions standards. As a sorption material, energy waste is used – chemical water treatment sludge of Naberezhnye Chelny combined heat and power plant, which is formed during coagulation and liming of natural water. The paper presents a laboratory setup and the results of a study of the sorption of sulfurous anhydride by sorption material based on granulated sludge of chemical water treatment. The calculation of the economic and environmental effect of upgrading the technological scheme for cleaning gas emissions from sulfurous anhydride of the sodium bisulfite production line at the L. Y. Karpov Chemical plant JSC was made.
Application of data envelopment analysis for multi-criteria evaluation of system for technogenic waste recycling in oil refining industry
Authors: Derevyanov M Yu , Pleshivtseva Yu E , Afinogentov A A , Kirpichenkov S A , Mandra A G , Pimenov A A
Published: March 2021

The paper proposes an approach based on the DEA method (Data Envelopment Analysis) to a multi-criteria evaluation of a complex structured system for the processing of technogenic waste in the oil refining industry. The special algorithm is considered for assessing environmental safety and energy efficiency of operating waste processing system facilities, taking into account their resource value and reuse potential. According to the developed algorithm, five interconnected mathematical programming problems are solved. These problems formulated using CCR and Super-efficiency models of DEA method allow to obtain the assessments of the disposal system regarding the chosen efficiency criteria. A new approach to the analysis of the results on the basis of total effectiveness estimates using the Super-efficiency model of the DEA method is proposed. The results of testing the developed algorithm on an oil-containing waste processing system in the Samara region make it possible to form appropriate control decisions in the region’s oil refining industry.
Ecology and STEM
Authors: Esina E V , Velichko M A , Gladkikh Yu P , Satler O N , Nortsova R A
Published: March 2021

This paper is devoted to combining ecology challenges and STEM technologies. We consider ecology as an integral part of STEM process. The including of ecology in the STEM allows not only to develop mathematician calculations and engineering skills but also forms students’ ecological consciousness. The attempt to combine ecology and STEM is aimed to make the knowledge in ecological sphere more practical. STEM education can help in solving the main ecological problems and challenges. STEM lessons, projects, conferences, exchanges could explain and give a living example of damages caused to our planet by irrational using of natural resources. It can improve public awareness and show the careful attitude to our planet.
Nature-like economy as a sphere of energy-saving behavior of households
Authors: Burganov R A , Dolonina E A , Urazbakhtina L R
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the author’s position on the essence and manifestations of a nature-like economy based on the use of nature-like technologies. The author draws attention to the need to respect the use of energy of all types by households, especially in the context of widespread use of electronic products. The paper notes that the creation of nature-like technologies of various levels should be based on an economic base. Within the framework of logic, the subject and object of research of a nature-like economy are identified as an area of scientific research. In the system of practical activity, energy is identified as the main factor in such an economy, the main participant in the economy is artificially created living systems. And production is based on the use of nature-like technologies. The use of various types of energy is the basis for the functioning of a nature-like economy. Enormous investments are needed to develop nature-like technologies and economies. The article also provides examples of the experience of using nature-like technologies and economies in various countries of the world in order to optimize the use of various types of energy. The article highlights mono and polyfactorial methods of analysis, the scientific basis for studying the actions of households is highlighted. According to the authors, the formation and development of a nature-like economy will affect the change in the thinking style of household members in the field of energy conservation, which will take quite a long time.
Resource-saving dialysis technology for electroplating wastewater treatment
Authors: Loza S A , Romanyuk N A , Korzhov A N , Kovalchuk N O
Published: March 2021

In this work, the separation process of components of electroplating effluent containing sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate by dialysis through various ion-exchange membranes was carried out. Kinetic curves of changes in the concentration of sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate in chambers with permeate and retentate were obtained. The flux densities, nickel losses, the degree of sulfuric acid recovery and the separation factor were calculated. It was shown that the use of cation-exchange membranes does not allow to separate nickel sulfate and sulfuric acid. The use of commercial anion exchange membranes allows 90% sulfuric acid to be recovered with a nickel loss of 8%. The profiling of the anion exchange membranes significantly intensifies the process, but leads to an increase leakage of nickel sulfate through the membranes. The prospects of dialysis wastewater treatment from galvanic production for return of valuable components to production are shown.
Development of a method for calculating a anaerobic digester with bubbling mixing
Authors: Suslov D Y
Published: March 2021

Currently, there is a development of biogas technologies designed to obtain an alternative source of biogas energy and utilize organic waste. When developing and designing biogas plants, an important task is to determine the design and technological parameters of the anaerobic digester in order to obtain the maximum biogas yield. For the research, an anaerobic digester equipped with a bubbling mixing system was used. The bubble tube is made in the form of a spiral and forms a cone with the base downward. A calculation method has been developed that makes it possible to determine the physical and chemical properties of the biomass, the geometric parameters of the digester, the specific and total volume of biogas produced, the design parameters of the digester heating system, the design and technological parameters of the bubbling-type mixing system. With the help of the developed methodology, the design and technological parameters of the anaerobic digester of the biogas station for the disposal of organic waste from a pig breeding enterprise and a meat processing plant were determined. As a result of calculations, it was established that the station contains 3 anaerobic digester tanks with a volume of 200 m3 each, utilizes 40 m3 of waste per day and produces 1600 m3 of biogas per day.
Optimization of operating modes of hydropower plants with determination of the price for a hydro resource using complex criteria of ecological and economic efficiency
Authors: Sekretarev Yu A , Myatezh T V , Gorshin A V
Published: March 2021

At present, the influence of technologies on the environment became comparable with natural processes at the Earth. Therefore, the use of renewable energy sources, including water resources, is very important for the energy market operated as the Internet of things. The present paper proposes a universal method for analyzing the efficiency of technical systems using the combination of an optimization method and a method of marginal utility evaluation. Based on the comparison of water volume at a hydropower plant (HPP) and fuel amount at a combined heat and power plant (CHPP) that is used for generation of 1 kW power, it is possible to determine a water price for a HPP. Using the examples of Novosibirsk HPP and CHPP, it is expected to develop an estimation of economic effect from the implementation of the developed criteria, the proposed method of determination of a water price at HPP, and the method of separating fuel costs at CHPP. As a result of implementing the developed method for theHPP, theprice of sold electricity in the flexible energy market will be comparable with the price for sold electricity produced at theCHPP, being equal to approximately 330 RUB/MW·h. Moreover, CHPP are expected to have savings of specific fuel consumption for electricity generation in the amount of 5 g/kW·h and, in some case, 10 g/kW·h. In terms of money, this amounts about 7,350,000 – 14,700,000 RUB per month.
Qualitative scenario analysis of development of energy storage systems in Russia until 2035
Authors: Logacheva A G , Zatsarinnaya Y N , Stepanova E G , Rep’ev E V , Fedotov E A
Published: March 2021

A stationary energy storage boom is forecast for the next two decades, according to a report by the US consulting firm Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF). BNEF analysts believe that energy storage around the world will grow exponentially, from a modest 9 GW / 17 GWh commissioned by 2018 to 1,095 GW / 2,850 GWh by 2040. Experts call the ongoing global changes a “contributory revolution”. The development of energy storage systems is related to trends in the energy sector, energy costs, political and environmental conditions in the world. Moreover, energy storage technologies can face both general and specific risks. The authors of the article took into account possible risks and carried out a qualitative scenario analysis of the development of energy storage systems in Russia in the future until 2035. The authors used a probability scale to avoid cognitive biases in the scenario assessment. The most likely scenario for the development of ESS today we consider the basic.
The waste-to-energy technology of the energy sector
Authors: Nikolaeva L A , Iskhakova R Ya
Published: March 2021

Nowadays a problem of reducing anthropogenic impact on the environment is important. In the present article a perspective method of waste-to-energy technology of the energy sector is reviewed. This article focuses on the carbonate sludge (large-tonnage industrial waste) produced by power stations that is used as a sorption material, and adsorption properties of carbonate sludge, its influence on activated sludge is considered. Sludge is a microporous sorbent which is confirmed by the sorption curves for oil products and ammonia nitrogen. The carbonate sludge increases the activated sludge volume index by improving its sedimentation properties and the efficiency of centrifugation during activated sludge dewatering due to the rupture of hydrate shells of activated sludge. Granules that can be used as a fuel are obtained at the following mass ratios: excess activated sludge - 70%, carbonate sludge - 8%, binder - 22% by weight (starch and technical lignosulfonate). The production technology of fuel granules for incineration has been developed based on the research results.
On the Possibility of Application Infrared Crystalline Fibers for Transfer of Temperature Signals from Bearings inside Nuclear Power Plants’ Containment
Authors: Kharaim M P , Kostarev V S , Akif’eva N N , Yuzhakova A A , Zhukova L V , Korsakov A S
Published: March 2021

The possibility of application flexible infrared Nanopolycrystalline (PIR) fibers made from radiation-resistant crystal systems AgBr – TlI and AgBr – TlBr0.46I0.54, for contact-less measure temperature bearings of own needs mechanisms and signal temperature transmission from nuclear power plant containment is considered. Radiation resistant allows the use that crystals and PIR fibers in high radiation conditions up to 500 kGy, what opens great opportunities of involving that optical materials in atomics. The class of the presented materials is distinguished by a wide transmission range in the range from 0.4 to 60 µm for crystals and from 2.0 to 25 µm for PIR fibers without absorption window, low optical loss (up to 0,1 dB/m), high flexible. The PIR fibers proposed in this paper are made by extrusion from single crystals of silver and thallium halides and are transparent in the mid-infrared range from 2 to 25 µm, which, according to the laws of Planck and Wien, corresponds to temperatures from +1100 °C to –200 °C.
Experimental investigation on multiferroic properties of Ti-doped BiFeO3 bulk and nanoparticles
Authors: Arafat M Y , Anjum N , Lamia S N E
Published: March 2021

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3), an inorganic chemical compound, has added a new dimension to the multiferroic materials research. We previously reported the synthesis routes and improved photocatalytic properties of 10% Ti-doped BiFeO3 (BiFe0.9Ti0.1O3). In this study, we investigated the ferroelectric and ferromagnetism properties of BiFe0.9Ti0.1O3 bulk and nanoparticles and compared them with those of undoped BiFeO3 bulk ceramics. Elemental analysis was conducted to explore the chemical composition in the doped samples. The magnetic characterization and electrical measurements were performed in Vibrating Sample Magnetometer and Ferroelectric Loop Tracer respectively. Magnetization versus applied magnetic field, leakage current density, and polarization versus electric field measurements reveal improved multiferroic properties in Ti-doped bulk and nano samples compared to undoped BiFeO3 bulk.
Fatigue life prediction of cfrp composites in plane bending by modal analysis
Authors: Kulkarni Pravin , Potdar Akshay , Kulkarni V V , Patil N K
Published: March 2021

This is investigation of the fatigue behaviour of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates under various angles of deflections of cantilever beam in bidirectional (R=-1) plane bending. The Unidirectional 45˚ carbon fiber oriented CFRP composite were tested at different cantilever bending angles at frequency of 8 Hz. The non- destructive modal testing is conducted to evaluate reduction in structural stiffness in fully reversed plane bending in terms of natural frequency. The modal test at specific intervals is conducted by interrupting the fatigue test. The curve fitting technique for prediction of fatigue life over experimental analysis is used to formulate behaviour of CFRP in plane bending fatigue. It is shown that A Non-destructive Testing method (Modal Test) can be applied for the fatigue life estimation of CFRP laminates. The natural frequency reduction model is able to represent the overall reduction in stiffness due to fully reversed plane bending fatigue.
On modelling and adaptive control of a linear smart beam model interacting with fluid
Authors: Al-Shuka Hayder F N , Kadhim Kareem Jawad , Al-hamadani AbdnoorJameel Shaheed
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with modelling and control of Euler-Bernoulli smart beam interacting with a fluid medium. Several distributed piezo-patches (actuators and/or sensors) are bonded on the surface of the target beam. To model the vibrating beam properly, the effect of the piezo-patches and the hydrodynamic loads should be taken into account carefully. The partial differential equation PDE for the target oscillating beam is derived considering the piezo-actuators as input controls. Fluid forces are decomposed into two components: 1) hydrodynamic forces due to the beam oscillations, and 2) external (disturbance) hydrodynamic loads independent of beam motion. Then the PDE is discretized using the Galerkin approach to obtain standard multi-modal equations. An adaptive approximation control structure is proposed to suppress the beam vibration. The controller consists of a proportional-derivative PD control plus an adaptive approximation compensator AAC with guaranteed stability. A simply supported beam with 2 piezo-patches interacting with fluid is simulated. The disturbance hydrodynamic force that excites the beam vibration is assumed as a harmonic force with 50 Hz frequency and 1 N amplitude. The results prove the efficacy of the proposed control architecture.
Device customization with novel adhesive electrode
Authors: Sameer Karpe Dr. , Kashinath Sahoo Dr. , Varadharajulu Dr. G. , Suraj Kanase Dr.
Published: March 2021

The present research deal with the physical examination and analysis of an instrument that is ankle foot orthotic device. The physics of this device consist of calf piece; calf strap; a muscle stimulator; stimulator suspension including a press button with nylon strap; two adhesive electrodes; electrical wires; hinge joint; JBR outsole; foot piece; ankle strap; forefoot strap; rings; adjustable strap; press button; cold and hot pack pouch; a means to provide upward projection; & shank. The customized AFO device is characteristic in the sense that the adhesive strap being mounted on the rings so as to keep the plantar section of the foot piece in straight position and wherein the adhesive strap being made up by a combination of polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyethylene wherein polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyethylene is 1:1:2 by weight; wherein the cold and hot pack pouch being made up of 40.5 wt% water; 40.5 wt% ammonium nitrate, 4 wt% hydropropylmethyl cellulose and 15 wt% propylene glycol; and wherein the said electrode being made up of a hydrogel comprises of acrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone. The overall result feedback is a feeling of increased muscle control, flexibility, and range of motion on using the device.
Application of rubber pad electrodes and vacuum suction cups neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Authors: Nikam Dr. Prasannajeet P. , Varadharajulu Dr. G. , Kashinath Sahoo Dr.
Published: March 2021

The present paper describes a wearable orthopaedic treatment unit. The wearable product requires a service member that is tailored to wear across the user’s body. The support person shall have a bracelet and a lumbar belt to ensure fitting over the user’s body. In addition, the support member is fitted with rubber pad electrodes and vacuum suction cups Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is provided by rubber pad electrodes which promote passive contraction and muscle relaxation. The system is particularly suited for the treatment of lower back pain. It also enables the absorption of waste materials such as lactic acid and thereby helps to enhance the functional properties of muscles such as flexibility, contraction, etc.
Study of green advertisements in indian automobile sector for environmental sustainability
Authors: Vatsa Madhuranjan , Singh Satendar , Chaudhary Sarita
Published: March 2021

Worsening state of environment is a major concern for the world today. One major sector which is supposed to be the most notorious in degrading environment is the transportation sector. It is therefore important for the transportation sector to think of ways to reduce its carbon footprint. One of the popular way is the adoption of green marketing which incorporates all the elements namely product, price, place and promotion. It means that that the objective of the transportation sector should not just to develop the environmental friendly products but they should give the environment friendly identity too. The present paper has attempted to understand the green initiatives taken by the car manufacturing firms. For this purpose we have studied the advertisements shown on the television. The advertisements shown in the Television during 2012-2016 have been collected. Cues have been developed to interpret the advertisements with the help of previously conducted studies. Some of the cases have been discussed in the present paper too. The results indicate that the car making firms are still hesitating to establish the identity of cars as environment friendly.
Investigation of a highly sensitive vortex beam-shined optical sensor for the detection of glucose concentration in urine
Authors: Datta Arijit , Chaturvedi Mukta
Published: March 2021

The present work investigates the notion of a highly sensitive optical sensor for the detection of urinary glucose concentration by shining an optical Vortex Beam. The proposed sensing scheme relies on the theory of multimode interference where the transmitted output power varies due to the change in the refractive index of cladding as formed by various concentrations of glucose in urine. With a significant amount of energy at the beam’s periphery, Vortex beam can energize a massive number of higher order modes inside the sensing system. In support of theoretical analysis, an Eigenmode expansion solver is employed in Lumerical Mode solution software to visualize the full transmission spectrum of the sensor. In contrast to the conventional sensor, the proposed sensor proffers a 3.65 times superior sensitivity of around 1.116 dB/gm/dL over the glucose concentration range from 0-10 gm/dL. The presence of minimum 0.008 gm/dL glucose level in urine could be detected using the proposed technique; whereas the traditional Gaussian-beam based technology could detect the presence of around 0.032 gm/dL of the same. Due to the high sensing performance, the present paradigm can be a useful tool for monitoring the elevated glucose levels which is responsible for triggering Diabetes Mellitus.
Modified Fluorescent PEG-Based Carrier System for In-vitro Imaging
Authors: Thomas Aswathi , Aravind Kumar Rengan Dr.
Published: March 2021

A facile, one-pot synthesis of polymer based fluorescent coating agent was developed. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), known to be biocompatible and biodegradable, has been modified with ascorbic acid (AA) to yield modified fluorescent PEG based carrier system (PEGAA). The fluorescence obtained was tuned using varying concentrations of ascorbic acid. With increasing concentration of ascorbic acid, a red shift in fluorescence was observed which could be utilized for effective in vitro imaging. The cellular uptake studies reveal the potential use of this novel material for bioimaging applications.
Investigation of Performance Parameters Affecting the Efficiency of Solar Water Heater: A Review
Authors: Mane Swapnil R. , Kale Dr. Rajesh V.
Published: March 2021

The need for installation of Solar Water heater is increasing in society because of several factors such as rapid urbanization, government interventions, low cost of installations, and environment-friendly application acting as a direct replacement to fossil fuels. During the past few years, the research and development associated with the technological enhancement of the utilization of solar energy have increased exponentially. However, there are various challenges involved in the selection of proper solar technology to provide a high-performance energy harvesting application for domestic water heating requirements. There is a wide literature available on various performance parameters required to develop an efficient Solar Water Heating System. This paper investigates a state-of-the-art review of the performance parameters affecting the efficiency of Solar Water Heaters by component-wise analysis of parameters divided broadly into the design, operational and external parameters. The technological advancements in solar water heaters are classified based on performance parameters and the paper summarizes the possibility of combining different performance parameters to achieve more efficient and cost-effective solar water heaters for the society as future scope of the review for researchers working in the similar domain.
Characterization of CRYO AND RT ECAPed Aluminium 6063 Followed by Aging Using CHARPY IMPACT TEST
Authors: Arnuri Srinivasulu , Gurugubelli Swami Naidu
Published: March 2021

Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is one of the severe plastic deformation techniques that have attracted much attention from the material community in present days. This technique has ability to produce ultra fine-grained microstructures, without a significant change in geometry. Present work describes the effect of CRYO treatment on impact strength of post ECAP aging for aluminium 6063 alloy studied using Charpy impact test. For conducting ECAP process, a channel having angle of 1080is used. For ECAP purpose, samples having dimensions of 9.5mm X 9.5mm X 100mm chosen and they were given, solution treatment at 5200C for 120 minutes. These solution treated samples divided into two groups. One set of samples were given by CRYO treatment by dipping in liquid nitrogen for 20 minutes and ECAP processes carried out and obtained CRYO ECAP samples. Another set of solution treated samples subjected directly to ECAP operation and obtained RT ECAP samples. These two sets of samples are again, reduced to Micro Vickers and Charpy Impact test dimensions and aged at 1800C for different timings. Micro Vickers hardness tests and Impact tests are conducted on these two sets of samples. The obtained results are correlated with Macro and Micro examinations.
Electrochemical characters of α-Fe2O3 hexagonal platelets synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route
Authors: Hang Bui Thi , Thuan Vu Manh
Published: March 2021

Fe2O3 materials with various morphologies were synthesized from iron (III) chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) by a facile hydrothermal route for Fe-air battery anodes. The crystal structure and morphology of the obtained Fe2O3 powder were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphologies, shapes and sizes of Fe2O3 particles synthesized via the hydrothermal method were controllable by the concentration of precursors. The composite electrodes were fabricated by mixing the synthesized Fe2O3 powders with nanocarbon and were then subjected to electrochemical measurements. The results indicated that the shape and size of iron oxide affected the electrochemical properties of Fe2O3/carbon composite electrodes. The concentration of electrode components also significantly influenced the cyclability of Fe2O3/carbon composite electrodes
Calcite mineral characterization and quantification of urease enzyme mediated sand columns
Authors: Srinivasa Reddy V , Hema Latha K , Lahari Ravulaparthi Sudha , Mallikarjuna Reddy V
Published: March 2021

In this paper urease enzyme facilitated calcium carbonate precipitation for soil strength improvement is characterized using X-ray diffraction and the amount of calcium carbonate precipitated is quantified based on acid leaching, thermal decomposition and CO2 volume evaluation approaches. These techniques are adopted to evaluate the spreading of calcium carbonate crystals within the sand matrix after treatment with urease enzyme and nutrients. Sand columns of 60mm diameter and height 60 mm are prepared with the help of PVC pipes. Nutrient solution made up of urea, urease enzyme producing Sporosarcina pasteurii bacterium and calcium supplement in the form of calcium chloride is introduced into the sand columns ensuring the uniform distribution. Later treated samples of sand is examined for calcium carbonate precipitation by Sporosarcina pasteurii bacterium by XRD and quantified.
Behaviour of bacterial concrete subjected to elevated temperatures of various exposure times
Authors: Srinivasa Reddy V , Krishna Polina VVSSSR , Sai Karthik G , Shrihari S
Published: March 2021

In this paper the behaviour of M25 grade bacterial concrete exposed to various elevated temperature and thermal cycles of different durations of exposure. Introducing the bacteria Sporosarcina pasteurii into the concrete will employ the bio-mineralization phenomena to precipitate calcite minerals in the cavity pores and dried gel pores of the concrete improving the internal void structure of the concrete. So the current study will try to understand the integrity of the bacterial concrete when subjected to a different elevated temperatures of 200 ºC, 400 ºC and 600 ºC exposed for 2 hrs. , 4 hrs. and 6 hrs. duration. Compressive strength loss and weight loss is evaluated and internal structure quality is also assessed using non-destructive techniques as first part. Results suggest that till 500 -600 ºC bacteria mixed concrete produces superior results beyond that the behaviour is almost similar to that of normal concrete
Dry and underwater friction stir welding of aa6061 pipes - a comparative study
Authors: Sabry I. , Zaafarani N.
Published: March 2021

This work compared the parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) and under water friction welding (UWFSW) on the weld joint, such as tool rotation speed, transverse speed, and wall thickness, and compare the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) weld joint using the experimental work for FSW and UWFSW was performed using a new modified fixture to eliminate the post-process problems. Experiments were performed at three levels of three parameters: Wall thickness, tool rotational speed and travel speed using milling machine center by UWFSW and traditional FSW. The full factorial approach was introduced for statistical research. UTS i s measured as a reaction, meaning that the ultimate tensile strength achieved by welding the UWFS weld was greater than the conventional FSW weld. As a predictive research tool, regression analysis and variance analysis were used. From the study, it was observed that with minimal tool transverse speed, high tool rotation speed for UWFSW, maximum tensile strength is given, and that of traditional FSW.
Response surface methodology approach for optimization of methylene blue adsorption using activated carbon from rice husk
Authors: Tan Lam Van , Nguyen Hong-Tham T.
Published: March 2021

In this study, an activated carbon (AC) material was derived from rice husk and tested for adsorption efficiency against methylene blue (MB). Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were adopted as the optimization techniques. The affordable, non-toxic and easily obtainable rice husk was carbonized and thereafter activated by KOH to produce porous AC, which was then characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and BET analyses. In the optimization study, the independent and collaborative effects of three experimental parameters, including dye concentration, pH solution and contact time, were taken into account. The adsorption capacities showed up to follow the direction that was well congruent with the confirmation experiments, which disclosed the robustness and viability of the optimization technique.
Soil strength enhancement by adding of fly ash
Authors: Krishna P.V.V.S.S.R. , Swetha G. , Sukesh Chandana
Published: March 2021

Fly ash is an industry development and also freely available so we intend to apply it. This paper deals with the experimental have a look at on development of homes of expansive soil via fly ash replacement. Soil pattern used on this task is an expansive soil that is collected from Bachupally, By engaging in diverse assessments like plastic restriction, liquid limit, free swell index, unconfined compressive test (UCC) and California bearing ratio (CBR) we came to know that the soil sample is weak in shear, bearing and plasticity hence we repeated those experiments by replacing the soil sample with fly ash in various percentages like 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and came to know that the soil properties are improved at 30% replacement like max dry density increased by 5.5%,plasticity index decreased by 25.4% and CBR value increased by 200%.
Studies on the Seismic Behaviour of Setback Building
Authors: Selwyn Babu J. , Rex J. , Bhanu Prakash K. , Raju V S P
Published: March 2021

Setback is kind of anomaly (irregularity) which can inductee various kinds irregularities for example, mathematical, mass or firmness anomalies and this along vertical side. The current examination is restricted to fortified cement outlined structures intended for seismic burdens (DL, LL and EL). The seismic conduct of G+10, G+15, G+20 and G+25 structures with and without misfortunes were contemplated. The models we re examined utilizing Response Spectrum technique in ETABS. The impact of Setback is contemplated considering the boundaries, for example, storey displacements, storey floats & storey shears are correlated with the structure without a setback.
Influence of heat treatment on interfacial microstructure of cast Babbitt /carbon steel bimetallic materials
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed , Fathy Naglaa
Published: March 2021

Bimetallic material has been extensively employed as an advanced functional material in different industrial applications for its unique physical and mechanical properties. Bi-metallic material can be fabricated by bonding of similar and dissimilar materials. Variety of physical and chemical properties, such as wettability, reactivity, phase transformation, as well as thermal properties must be compatible to bond each other. The results showed that bonding interface area of heat treated Babbitt/steel bimetal using tinning mixture of flux+ Sn was improved by 9%. Otherwise, bonding interface area of heat treated Babbitt/steel bimetal using tinning mixture of flux + Sn + glycerol and, flux +Sn + petroleum jelly was improved by 93% and 70% respectively. For all used tinning conditions, the interface thickness layer increase with heat treatment process of Babbitt/steel bimetal.
Experimental and Simulation Study of Heat Transfer During Metal Melting
Authors: Hari Chandra B P , Dinesh P A , Sumukh K S
Published: March 2021

Melting of metals, during a casting process involves an enormous amount of heat transfer from source to the raw material. Study of heat transfer, although helps in optimum utilization of power, practically it is a very difficult task owing to high temperatures. This paper reports an attempt to perform computer aided analysis of heat transfer/temperature distribution in an Electrical Resistance Furnace (ERF) and experimental validation of the same. Several novel techniques were used to serve the purpose. Lead, with a melting point of 327 ºC was used for simulation and experimental validation. The experimentation involves the placement of thermocouples in planned locations in the furnace, in the crucible and within the metal during the melting process. On similar lines, monitoring points were considered during the computational technique. The simulation was carried out using ANSYS’s Icepack module. The results indicate the suitability of the software-based computational/simulation technique for the melting process with an error of up to 20%, depending on the location of the thermocouples/monitoring points. The correlation of experimental vs. simulated values was very high in metal (R2=0.990 to 0.995) and lower (R2=0.635 to 0.666) in air.
Tribological and mechanical investigation of coir-silk reinforced polypropylene based matrix composites.
Authors: Vinay Kumar D , Nanjundaswamy C. , Sachit T.S. , Mohan N
Published: March 2021

Silane treated natural fibers such as silk, coconut coir is reinforced into the polypropylene (PP) with a varying weight fraction of fibers and matrixes are developed in twin screw extruder at a constant temperature followed by the hot compression molding. Totally three different weight percentage of the polymer composites are developed. Such as silk fiber reinforced composites (S-PP), coir fiber reinforced composites (C-PP) and silk along with coir fiber reinforced composites (S-C-PP). The developed composites are then subjected to various tests. The water absorption capabilities of the all three composites are investigated. The composites are tending to abrasive wear test as per the ASTM standards. Design of experiments L-9 orthogonal array was introduced to identify the optimal wear condition of the composites developed. From the results it is observed that the tricholo vinyl silane chemical treatment to the coir and silk fibers enhances the tribo-mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced polymer composites. Also, the wear life of the composites was increased by 35% and water absorption capability increased by 42%. The scanning electron microscopy helped in identifying the impact of wear test over the surface of the composites at higher magnifications. The detailed surface morphology was executed in order to identify the behavior of the composites upon application of load.
Comparative dielectric study of binary mixtures of clove and cinnamon oil
Authors: Khan Mohammad Shafi , Chandel Vishal Singh , Singh Satyendra Pratap
Published: March 2021

The present paper deals with the dielectric study (dielectric constant, dielectric loss) of two medicinal oils, cinnamon and clove oil and their binary mixtures at different temperatures and frequencies. HP 4194A impedance gain/phase analyzer and temperature controller (Julabo, model number F-25, microprocessor controlled) were used for determination of dielectric parameters and maintaining the temperature of pure oils their binary mixtures.
Durability studies on Geopolymer Mortar Cubes and their Impact Strength characteristics of Geopolymer Ferrocement Panels
Authors: Magudeaswaran P , Palanisamy M. , Prakash Akula , Srikanth T
Published: March 2021

Ferrocement, a thin element, is cast-off as a structural construction as well as a repair material. In this investigation, geopolymer ferrocement panels was made by using ingredients such as fine aggregate, fly ash, water, and the binder solution. The binder solution consists of a combination of Sodium hydroxide and Sodium silicate solution in the ratio of 1:2.5. In this experiment setup, the size of the ferrocement panel adopted was 250mm x 250mm x 30mm. The optimum water/ binder ratio of 0.416 was selected in this experiment. The water/binder ratio is the ratio of solution (NaOH, Na2SiO and water) to fly ash. Two techniques of curing such as heat curing and ambient curing were adopted for this study. The slabs were cast with different types of meshes with single layer, double layers, and triple layers. The different meshes used were square woven, square welded and expanded metal mesh. The impact of different type of meshes and number of layers, preliminary energy absorption, ultimate energy absorption and ductility index were studied. The purpose of the present study is to examine the performance of fly ash based geopolymer ferrocement panels under impact loading and durability tests are conducted out in geopolymer cubes and this study concludes that ferrocement will certainly be one of the best structural alternatives for RCC in the future.
Comparative analysis of deflection in a bimetal
Authors: Jaya Kumar R K , Ashokkumar T , Sivakumar P
Published: March 2021

A Bimetal is a combination of two different metals, which is employed in electrical appliances as a circuit breaker to prevent the overflow of current. The primary objective of this work is to examine the deflection produced in the bimetal component, due to electro-thermal load induced when the current flows through it. Copper and stainless steel are the most widely used metals having different coefficient of linear thermal expansion were taken as a bimetal composition and the same has been compared with Stainless steel and Aluminum. Modeling and analysis of the bimetal component, with different amperes, has been done using ANSYS and resulted stainless steel - Aluminium combination were shown higher deflection during the Analysis.
Synthesis and characterzation of graphite based shape memory polymers
Authors: Ranganatha Swamy MK , Mallik U S , Udayakumar V
Published: March 2021

Shape memory polymers are the class of materials which regains its shape up on external stimulus like heat, magnetic field, light etc. these polymers have got wide range of applications in biomedical and automobile industries. There are many researches going on about the shape memory polymers and it is better than other smart materials in some characteristics. This paper covers about the strength of the polymer after adding graphite to the polymer. The addition of graphite would gradually increase the characteristics of the polymer. These polymers are flexible and have less strength. The primary idea of improving the characteristics was to increase the strength of the polymer. We have added graphite to peg based polymer which has increased the hardness significantly. Many tests were conducted on the graphite-based shape memory polymer like tensile test, hardness test and dynamic mechanical analysis, it was observed that the characteristics were enhanced by adding graphite to the polymer.
Overview on second & third order resonant switch mode power converter for variable input voltage applications
Authors: Eldho Reshma P , Ragasudha C P , Chhabra Anchal
Published: March 2021

DC-DC converters have wide applications in the field of battery charger, distributed generation, power supplies and so on. There are various isolated and non-isolated topologies available which has to be chosen based on the size, cost , weight, application, power range and duty of the converter. Due to increasing applicability of DC-DC converters, it is essential to enhance the efficiency, controllability and output regulation to a step ahead. Resonant converters at high frequency has gained attention in the market to a large scale due to its low size and weight. With the developing enthusiasm for this subject, it is essential to have a detailed review to sum up and update a unique reference about the soft switching configurations for better performance of the converter. The paper provides a brief overview in two and three element soft switching configurations. Moreover, The current technologies evolved in the field of resonant converters are also briefed for wide input voltage applications.