bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projecting shifts in the distributions of Chinese endemic vertebrate species under climate and land-use change
Authors: Deng Yiming , Goodale Eben , Dong Anran , Jiang Demeng , Jiang Aiwu , Zhang Zhixin , Mammides Christos
Published: June 2023

Human-induced climate and land-use change impact species’ habitats and survival ability. A growing body of research uses species distribution models (SDMs) to predict potential changes in species ranges under global change. We constructed SDMs for 411 Chinese endemic vertebrates using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling and four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) spanning to 2100. We compared four different approaches: (1) using only climatic and geographic factors, (2) adding anthropogenic factors (land-use types and human population densities), but only using current data to project into the future, (3) incorporating future estimates of the anthropogenic variables, and (4) processing species occurrence data extracted from IUCN range maps to remove unsuitable areas and reflect each species’ area of habitat (AOH). The results showed that the performance of the models (as measured by the Boyce index) improved with the inclusion of anthropogenic data. Additionally, the predicted future suitable area was most restricted and diminished compared to the current area, when using the fourth approach. Overall, the results are consistent with other studies showing that species distributions will shift to higher elevations and latitudes under global change, especially under higher emission scenarios. Species threatened currently, as listed by the IUCN, will have their range decrease more than others. Additionally, higher emission scenarios forecast more threatened species in the future. Our findings show that approaches to optimizing SDM modeling can improve accuracy, predicting more direct global change consequences, which need to be anticipated. We also show that global change poses a significant threat to endemic species even in regions with extensive protected land at higher latitudes and elevations, such as China.
Screening biomarkers for Sjogren’s Syndrome by computer analysis and evaluating the expression correlations with the levels of immune cells
Authors: Zhong Yafang , Zhang Wei , Liu Dongzhou , Zeng Zhipeng , Liao Shengyou , Cai Wanxia , Liu Jiayi , Li Lian , Hong Xiaoping , Tang Donge , Dai Yong
Published: June 2023

Background

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects about 0.04-0.1% of the general population. SS diagnosis depends on symptoms, clinical signs, autoimmune serology, and even invasive histopathological examination. This study explored biomarkers for SS diagnosis.

Methods

We downloaded three datasets of SS patients’ and healthy pepole’s whole blood (GSE51092, GSE66795, and GSE140161) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We used machine learning algorithm to mine possible diagnostic biomarkers for SS patients. Additionally, we assessed the biomarkers’ diagnostic value using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Moreover, we confirmed the expression of the biomarkers through the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using our own Chinese cohort. Eventually, the proportions of 22 immune cells in SS patients were calculated by CIBERSORT, and connections between the expression of the biomarkers and immune cell ratios were studied.

Results

We obtained 43 DEGs that were mainly involved in immune-related pathways. Next, 11 candidate biomarkers were selected and validated by the validation cohort data set. Besides, the area under curves (AUC) of XAF1, STAT1, IFI27, HES4, TTC21A, and OTOF in the discovery and validation datasets were 0.903 and 0.877, respectively. Subsequently, eight genes, including HES4, IFI27, LY6E, OTOF, STAT1, TTC21A, XAF1, and ZCCHC2, were selected as prospective biomarkers and verified by RT-qPCR. Finally, we revealed the most relevant immune cells with the expression of HES4, IFI27, LY6E, OTOF, TTC21A, XAF1, and ZCCHC2.

Conclusion

In this paper, we identified seven key biomarkers that have potential value for diagnosing Chinese SS patients.
Exploring intraspecific variability – biochemical and morphological traits of the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima along latitudinal and salinity gradients in Europe
Authors: Diehl Nora , Steiner Niko , Bischof Kai , Karsten Ulf , Heesch Svenja
Published: June 2023

Broadly distributed seaweeds, such as the boreal-temperate kelp species Saccharina latissima, contain a multitude of metabolites supporting acclimation to environmental changes, such as temperature and salinity. In Europe, S. latissima occurs along the coasts from Spitsbergen to Portugal, including the Baltic Sea, exhibiting great morphological plasticity. We investigated the morphological and biochemical traits of field-collected sporophytes from 16 different locations across the species entire distributional range in relation to local abiotic conditions (sea surface temperature, salinity). By statistically linking morphological and biochemical data to geographic information that also took into account the respective sampling depth, we aimed to obtain first insights into the site-specific adaptive features of this species. Frond length and width, mannitol and phlorotannin contents, and molar C:N ratio showed strong intraspecific variability among S. latissima sporophytes dependent on individual local abiotic drivers. Despite the conspicuous impact of local abiotic factors on specimens’ morphology, we could not determine habitat-specific signatures in the biochemical phenotypes. Even though our findings are based on a relative small sample size per site, they cover a broad biogeographical range and support a high plasticity of S. latissima sporophytes. The study provides a first base for studying separation processes of populations across latitudes and conservation ecology.
Synthesis of novel Fe3O4 nanostructures surrounded by Ti-MOF nanostructures as bioactive and efficient catalysts in three-component synthesis of new pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Qubais Saeed Balsam , Waleed Ibrahem , Chlib Alkaaby Hussein Humedy , Farhan Jawad Sabrean , Altimari Usama S. , Ahmed AL-Sarraj Ziyad Shihab , Shbeeb Ruwaida T. , Hadrawi Salema K. , Suliman Muath , Alshahrani Mohammad Y.
Published: June 2023

Synthesis and reporting of new nanoparticles with diverse properties is important in chemistry. A one-step, rapid and controllable synthesis of the new Fe3O4 surrounded in Ti-MOF nanostructures was carried out with microwave technology. After identifying and confirming the structure, Fe3O4 surrounded in Ti-MOF nanostructures was used as a suitable catalyst with high thermal resistance and recyclable in a three-component reaction of phenylhydrazine, malononitrile and aldehyde to synthesis novel pyrazole derivatives. Continuing investigations on Fe3O4 surrounded in Ti-MOF nanostructures, its antimicrobial properties were tested on Gram-positive bacterial species, Gram-negative bacterial species and fungi bacterial. Identification of Fe3O4 surrounded in Ti-MOF nanostructures with morphology and size distribution technique (SEM), surface area technique (BET), Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX/EDX mapping), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) were performed. Synthesized pyrazole derivatives with Fe3O4 surrounded in Ti-MOF nanostructures than previously reported methods have less synthesis time and high efficiency. In antimicrobial properties high effects were observed based on MIC, MBC, and MFC values.
Case report: Distinct neurologic manifestation and cytokine profile of a child with COVID-19-associated acute fulminant encephalitis
Authors: Chang Yu-Ming , Chen Cheng-Han , Wang Jieh-Neng , Cheng Chao-Min , Tu Yi-Fang , Shen Ching-Fen
Published: June 2023

The neurologic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may range from mild symptoms such as headache or confusion to profound encephalopathy with variable outcomes and sequelae. Here, we reported a case of fatal COVID-19-associated encephalitis with acute fulminant cerebral edema, presenting first with visual hallucination and then a rapid progression into comatose status in a few hours. Serial brain computed tomography depicted cerebral edematous changes from bilateral ventral temporal lobe to the whole brain leading to brain herniation. Multiple cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were increased, with a more prominent rise in the CSF. Therefore, we postulated a hypothesis regarding the mechanism of this fulminant encephalitis that the SARS-CoV-2 virus attacked ventral temporal lobes initially, triggered a severe cytokine storm, and then led to subsequent disruption of the blood-brain barrier, diffuse brain edema, and brain herniation. The trend of cytokine profiles over time may aid in diagnosing and evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19-associated encephalitis.
Glycosylation of H4 influenza strains with pandemic potential and susceptibilities to lung surfactant SP-D
Authors: Parsons Lisa M. , Zoueva Olga , Grubbs Gabrielle , Plant Ewan , Jankowska Ewa , Xie Yijia , Song Hao , Gao George F. , Ye Zhiping , Khurana Surender , Cipollo John F.
Published: June 2023

We recently reported that members of group 1 influenza A virus (IAV) containing H2, H5, H6, and H11 hemagglutinins (HAs) are resistant to lung surfactant protein D (SP-D). H3 viruses, members of group 2 IAV, have high affinity for SP-D, which depends on the presence of high-mannose glycans at glycosite N165 on the head of HA. The low affinity of SP-D for the group 1 viruses is due to the presence of complex glycans at an analogous glycosite on the head of HA, and replacement with high-mannose glycan at this site evoked strong interaction with SP-D. Thus, if members of group 1 IAV were to make the zoonotic leap to humans, the pathogenicity of such strains could be problematic since SP-D, as a first-line innate immunity factor in respiratory tissues, could be ineffective as demonstrated in vitro. Here, we extend these studies to group 2 H4 viruses that are representative of those with specificity for avian or swine sialyl receptors, i.e., those with receptor-binding sites with either Q226 and G228 for avian or recent Q226L and G228S mutations that facilitate swine receptor specificity. The latter have increased pathogenicity potential in humans due to a switch from avian sialylα2,3 to sialylα2,6 glycan receptor preference. A better understanding of the potential action of SP-D against these strains will provide important information regarding the pandemic risk of such strains. Our glycomics and in vitro analyses of four H4 HAs reveal SP-D-favorable glycosylation patterns. Therefore, susceptibilities to this first-line innate immunity defense respiratory surfactant against such H4 viruses are high and align with H3 HA glycosylation.
Single-Camera Multi-View 6DoF pose estimation for robotic grasping
Authors: Yuan Shuangjie , Ge Zhenpeng , Yang Lu
Published: June 2023

Accurately estimating the 6DoF pose of objects during robot grasping is a common problem in robotics. However, the accuracy of the estimated pose can be compromised during or after grasping the object when the gripper collides with other parts or occludes the view. Many approaches to improving pose estimation involve using multi-view methods that capture RGB images from multiple cameras and fuse the data. While effective, these methods can be complex and costly to implement. In this paper, we present a Single-Camera Multi-View (SCMV) method that utilizes just one fixed monocular camera and the initiative motion of robotic manipulator to capture multi-view RGB image sequences. Our method achieves more accurate 6DoF pose estimation results. We further create a new T-LESS-GRASP-MV dataset specifically for validating the robustness of our approach. Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms many other public algorithms by a large margin. Quantitative experiments on a real robot manipulator demonstrate the high pose estimation accuracy of our method. Finally, the robustness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by successfully completing an assembly task on a real robot platform, achieving an assembly success rate of 80%.
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in the glial lineage modulates neuronal excitability
Authors: Faissner Andreas
Published: June 2023

The low-density lipoprotein related protein receptor 1 (LRP1), also known as CD91 or α-Macroglobulin-receptor, is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with more than 40 known ligands. It plays an important biological role as receptor of morphogens, extracellular matrix molecules, cytokines, proteases, protease inhibitors and pathogens. In the CNS, it has primarily been studied as a receptor and clearance agent of pathogenic factors such as Aβ-peptide and, lately, Tau protein that is relevant for tissue homeostasis and protection against neurodegenerative processes. Recently, it was found that LRP1 expresses the Lewis-X (Lex) carbohydrate motif and is expressed in the neural stem cell compartment. The removal of Lrp1 from the cortical radial glia compartment generates a strong phenotype with severe motor deficits, seizures and a reduced life span. The present review discusses approaches that have been taken to address the neurodevelopmental significance of LRP1 by creating novel, lineage-specific constitutive or conditional knockout mouse lines. Deficits in the stem cell compartment may be at the root of severe CNS pathologies.
Characterization of a cuproptosis-related signature to evaluate immune features and predict prognosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Lei , Sun Fengyuan , Kong Fanyang , Feng Yongpu , Song Yingxiao , Du Yiqi , Liu Feng , Kong Xiangyu
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Cuproptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death. Little is known about the roles that cuproptosis related genes (CRGs) play in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of CRGs and their relationship with tumor immune microenvironment.

Methods

TCGA-COAD dataset was used as the training cohort. Pearson correlation was employed to identify CRGs and paired tumor-normal samples were used to identify those CRGs with differential expression pattern. A risk score signature was constructed using LASSO regression and multivariate Cox stepwise regression methods. Two GEO datasets were used as validation cohorts for confirming predictive power and clinical significance of this model. Expression patterns of seven CRGs were evaluated in COAD tissues. In vitro experiments were conducted to validate the expression of the CRGs during cuproptosis.

Results

A total of 771 differentially expressed CRGs were identified in the training cohort. A predictive model termed riskScore was constructed consisting of 7 CRGs and two clinical parameters (age and stage). Survival analysis suggested that patients with higher riskScore showed shorter OS than those with lower (P<0.0001). ROC analysis revealed that AUC values of cases in the training cohort for 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival were 0.82, 0.80, 0.86 respectively, indicating its good predictive efficacy. Correlations with clinical features showed that higher riskScore was significantly associated with advanced TNM stages, which were further confirmed in two validation cohorts. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) showed that high-risk group presented with an immune-cold phenotype. Consistently, ESTIMATE algorithm analysis showed lower immune scores in riskScore-high group. Expressions of key molecules in riskScore model are strongly associated with TME infiltrating cells and immune checkpoint molecules. Patients with a lower riskScore exhibited a higher complete remission rate in CRCs. Finally, seven CRGs involved in riskScore were significantly altered between cancerous and paracancerous normal tissues. Elesclomol, a potent copper ionophore, significantly altered expressions of seven CRGs in CRCs, indicating their relationship with cuproptosis.

Conclusions

The cuproptosis-related gene signature could serve as a potential prognostic predictor for colorectal cancer patients and may offer novel insights into clinical cancer therapeutics.
Two-stage learning-based prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hwang Jae Kyoon , Kim Dae Hyun , Na Jae Yoon , Son Joonhyuk , Oh Yoon Ju , Jung Donggoo , Kim Chang-Ryul , Kim Tae Hyun , Park Hyun-Kyung
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The aim of this study is to develop an enhanced machine learning-based prediction models for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its severity through a two-stage approach integrated with the duration of respiratory support (RSd) using prenatal and early postnatal variables from a nationwide very low birth weight (VLBW) infant cohort.

Methods

We included 16,384 VLBW infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Korean Neonatal Network (KNN), a nationwide VLBW infant registry (2013–2020). Overall, 45 prenatal and early perinatal clinical variables were selected. A multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based network analysis, which was recently introduced to predict diseases in preterm infants, was used for modeling and a stepwise approach. Additionally, we applied a complementary MLP network and established new BPD prediction models (PMbpd). The performances of the models were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values. The Shapley method was used to determine the contribution of each variable.

Results

We included 11,177 VLBW infants (3,724 without BPD (BPD 0), 3,383 with mild BPD (BPD 1), 1,375 with moderate BPD (BPD 2), and 2,695 with severe BPD (BPD 3) cases). Compared to conventional machine learning (ML) models, our PMbpd and two-stage PMbpd with RSd (TS-PMbpd) model outperformed both binary (0 vs. 1,2,3; 0,1 vs. 2,3; 0,1,2 vs. 3) and each severity (0 vs. 1 vs. 2 vs. 3) prediction (AUROC = 0.895 and 0.897, 0.824 and 0.825, 0.828 and 0.823, 0.783, and 0.786, respectively). GA, birth weight, and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment were significant variables for the occurrence of BPD. Birth weight, low blood pressure, and intraventricular hemorrhage were significant for BPD ≥2, birth weight, low blood pressure, and PDA ligation for BPD ≥3. GA, birth weight, and pulmonary hypertension were the principal variables that predicted BPD severity in VLBW infants.

Conclusions

We developed a new two-stage ML model reflecting crucial BPD indicators (RSd) and found significant clinical variables for the early prediction of BPD and its severity with high predictive accuracy. Our model can be used as an adjunctive predictive model in the practical NICU field.
Central retinal vein occlusion with cerebral infarction secondary to anlotinib treatment: a case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Yingying , Du Yi , Qiu Lu , Zheng Jing
Published: June 2023

Purpose: We present a rare case of an elderly man with minimal pre-existing thromboses risk, who experienced central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and cerebral infarction after oral intake of the anti-cancer drug anlotinib, likely due to a drug-related complication.

Observations: A male, aged 65 years, sought care at the ophthalmology department because of acute painless 5-day vision loss in the right eye, in combination with cerebral infarction history, after oral intake of anlotinib for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for over 16 months. Clinical assessment and ancillary examination verified a right eye central retinal vein occlusion diagnosis. Anlotinib is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is reported to potently suppress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, in order to exert strong antitumor angiogenesis and inhibit tumor occurrence. Although anlotinib is only regarded as a possible thrombosis risk factor, it is possible that anlotinib administration markedly enhanced vaso-occlusive risk within this patient.

Conclusion and significance: Herein, we present the first report of anlotinib-induced CRVO and cerebral infarction to our knowledge. Given our evidences, anlotinib usage is intricately linked to sight- and life-threatening thrombotic effects even among patients with reduced thrombophilic risk. Hence, patients receiving this drug must be carefully monitored for possible drug-related complications.
Fragmentation of a molten metal droplet in an ambient water flow
Authors: Cunningham Mark H. , Frost David L.
Published: June 2023

The influence of an ambient fluid flow on the fragmentation of hot molten tin droplets (initially at 800°C) and cold low melting point alloy droplets (initially at 70°C) in water is investigated with high-speed photography and flash radiography. The water is accelerated using a converging nozzle to a constant speed of up to 30 m/s using a double piston arrangement designed to eliminate the formation of a shock wave that is present in most earlier studies. At low flow velocities, the fragmentation of hot droplets is governed by thermal effects and vapour formation, growth, and collapse. At high flow velocities, vapour formation is suppressed and the droplet fragmentation is determined by hydrodynamic effects in which hydrodynamic instabilities (Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz) and wavecrest stripping all play a role in the droplet breakup. At intermediate flow velocities, both thermal and hydrodynamic effects play a role. Quantitative image analysis of the radiographs is used to determine the spatial distribution of the droplet mass during the fragmentation process. Comparison with earlier work in which the ambient flow is preceded by a strong shock wave indicates that the transition from thermal to hydrodynamic breakup is strongly dependent on the pressure field.
Chronic pulmonary fibrosis alters the functioning of the respiratory neural network
Authors: Yegen Céline-Hivda , Marchant Dominique , Bernaudin Jean-François , Planes Carole , Boncoeur Emilie , Voituron Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Some patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis present impaired ventilatory variables characterised by low forced vital capacity values associated with an increase in respiratory rate and a decrease in tidal volume which could be related to the increased pulmonary stiffness. The lung stiffness observed in pulmonary fibrosis may also have an effect on the functioning of the brainstem respiratory neural network, which could ultimately reinforce or accentuate ventilatory alterations. To this end, we sought to uncover the consequences of pulmonary fibrosis on ventilatory variables and how the modification of pulmonary rigidity could influence the functioning of the respiratory neuronal network. In a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis obtained by 6 repeated intratracheal instillations of bleomycin (BLM), we first observed an increase in minute ventilation characterised by an increase in respiratory rate and tidal volume, a desaturation and a decrease in lung compliance. The changes in these ventilatory variables were correlated with the severity of the lung injury. The impact of lung fibrosis was also evaluated on the functioning of the medullary areas involved in the elaboration of the central respiratory drive. Thus, BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis led to a change in the long-term activity of the medullary neuronal respiratory network, especially at the level of the nucleus of the solitary tract, the first central relay of the peripheral afferents, and the Pre-Bötzinger complex, the inspiratory rhythm generator. Our results showed that pulmonary fibrosis induced modifications not only of pulmonary architecture but also of central control of the respiratory neural network.
The Cognitive Control Model of Work-related Flow
Authors: Weintraub Jared , Nolan Kevin P. , Sachdev Aditi Rabindra
Published: June 2023

Although several models of flow have been proposed that include environmental and trait-based antecedents of the state, elements of cognitive control that enable workers to experience flow and its subsequent outcomes at work have largely been overlooked. This research proposes and provides empirical support for the “Cognitive Control Model of Work-related Flow,” which integrates antecedents of flow at work related to the ability to focus concentration of cognitive resources toward experiencing flow at work. Along with flow at work, the model includes the antecedents of grit, flow metacognition, and mindfulness at work and the outcomes of work performance, engagement, and burnout. Findings across three studies (a cross-sectional, a time-lagged, and a one-day experience sampling method study) utilizing MTurk participants provided support for the model, as grit, mindfulness, and flow metacognition predicted flow, and flow predicted subjective performance, engagement, and burnout. Theoretical implications and the potential for developing flow interventions at work are discussed.
The role of conspiracy mindset in reducing support for child vaccination for COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Romer Daniel , Jamieson Kathleen H.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

We have previously proposed and tested a model that predicts reluctance to vaccinate against COVID-19 in the US from embrace of a conspiracy mindset that distrusts the federal health agencies of the US government and regards their intentions as malevolent. In this study, we tested the model’s ability to predict adult support for COVID vaccination of children ages 5–11 after the vaccine was approved for this age group.

Methods

Relying on a national panel that was established in April 2021 (N = 1941) and followed until March of 2022, we examined the relation between conspiratorial thinking measured at baseline and belief in misinformation and conspiracies about COVID vaccines, trust in various health authorities, perceived risk of COVID to children, and belief in conspiracy theories about the pandemic’s origin and impact. In addition, we tested a structural equation model (SEM) in which conspiracy mindset predicted adult support for childhood vaccination for COVID in January and March of 2022 as well as the adults own vaccination status and their willingness to recommend vaccinating children against measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).

Results

The model accounted for 76% of the variance in support for childhood vaccination for COVID-19; the relation between the mindset and support for vaccination was entirely mediated by baseline assessments of misinformation, trust, risk, and acceptance of pandemic conspiracy theories.

Discussion

The SEM replicated the prior test of the model, indicating that a conspiracy mindset present among at least 17% of the panel underlies their resistance to vaccinate both themselves and children. Efforts to counteract the mindset will likely require the intervention of trusted spokespersons who can overcome the skepticism inherent in conspiratorial thinking about the government and its health-related agencies’ recommendations for a particular vaccine.
Cognitive manipulation of emotional and non-emotional information in working memory of patients with depression: a rigid processing style
Authors: Cui Jiacheng , Wen Jianglin , Wang Dong
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Cognitive psychology is one of the important perspectives to understand depression. Compared with previous studies, recent researchers increasingly focused on the exploration of the comprehensive cognitive process of patients with depression. The cognitive operation ability of working memory is an important comprehensive cognitive process, which reflects how individuals establish representations. This is the basis for the formation of experience and schema. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there are abnormalities in cognitive manipulation in patients with depression, and to analyze its possible role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of depression.

Method

In this cross-sectional study, depressed patients was enrolled in the clinical psychology department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital as the case group, while healthy individuals were recruited in the hospital and social meetings as the control group. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)-17, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and rumination thinking scale (RRS) were adopted as measurement tools, and working memory operation tasks were adopted to test each subject, so as to measure their cognitive operation ability.

Result

A total of 78 depressed patients and 81 healthy individuals completed the study. The results showed that the rumination level of the case group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was significant first; Second, in the “inconsistent” condition, the case group under different stimulus conditions when the response was significantly higher than the control group; Thirdly, the “cognitive operation consumption” value of the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group under the three stimulus conditions, among which, the operational cost value of sadness—neutral stimulus was significantly higher than that of the other two stimulus conditions.

Conclusion

Patients with depression had obvious difficulties in cognitive manipulation of information with different values in working memory, which reflected in the fact that it took them longer time to adjust the relationship between information and established new representations. Among them, patients with depression had a higher degree of cognitive manipulation of sad stimuli, indicating that their abnormal cognitive manipulation had certain emotion specificity. Finally, the difficulty of cognitive operation was closely related to the level of rumination.
Does resilience mediate the association between mental health symptoms and linguistic markers of trauma processing? Analyzing the narratives of women survivors of intimate partner violence
Authors: Castiglioni Marco , Caldiroli Cristina Liviana , Manzoni Gian Mauro , Procaccia Rossella
Published: June 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious issue for women from all cultures and backgrounds. Studies on the negative consequences of violence suggest that women with a history of abuse are more likely to display depressive and PTSD symptoms. However, recent research has focused on the mechanisms underpinning resilience and the processing of traumatic memories, including linguistic markers and how they may reflect the mental health of traumatized individuals. In this study, we analyzed trauma narratives to investigate whether resilience mediates the impact of PTSD and depression symptoms on five trauma-processing mechanisms (cognitive processing, emotional processing, perceived threat to life, self-perspective, and integration of traumatic memories). Forty-three abused women (mean age = 38.74 years; SD = 9.41) wrote about their traumatic experiences and completed instruments assessing their levels of PTSD, depression, and resilience. We used LIWC software to analyze the women's narratives in terms of linguistic markers of psychological processing. Mediation analysis indicated that resilience fully mediated the impact of mental health symptoms on emotional processing, perceived threat to life, and integration of traumatic memories and partially mediated cognitive processing and self-perspective. We discuss the clinical implications of these findings, emphasizing the need to focus on the resources and strengths of women survivors of abuse in designing targeted psychological interventions.
Abnormal brain spontaneous activity in major depressive disorder adolescents with non-suicidal self injury and its changes after sertraline therapy
Authors: Dai Linqi , Zhang Xiaoliu , Yu Renqiang , Wang Xingyu , Deng Fei , Li Xue , Kuang Li
Published: June 2023

Background

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) commonly occurs among adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), causing adverse effects on the physical and mental health of the patients. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanism of NSSI in adolescents with MDD (nsMDDs) remains unclear, and there are still challenges in the treatment. Studies have suggested that sertraline administration could be an effective way for treatment.

Methods

To verify the effectiveness and to explore the neurobiological processes, we treated a group of adolescents with nsMDDs with sertraline in this study. The brain spontaneous activity alteration was then investigated in fifteen unmedicated first-episode adolescent nsMDDs versus twenty-two healthy controls through the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Besides the baseline scanning for all participants, the nsMDDs group was scanned again after eight weeks of sertraline therapy to examine the changes after treatment.

Results

At pre-treatment, whole brain analysis of mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mALFF) was performed to examine the neuronal spontaneous activity alteration, and increased mALFF was found in the superior occipital extending to lingual gyrus in adolescent nsMDDs compared with controls. Meanwhile, decreased mALFF was found in the medial superior frontal in adolescent nsMDDs compared with controls. Compared with the pre-treatment, the nsMDDs group was found to have a trend of, respectively, decreased and increased functional neuronal activity at the two brain areas after treatment through the region of interest analysis. Further, whole brain comparison of mALFF at pre-treatment and post-treatment showed significantly decreased spontaneous activity in the orbital middle frontal and lingual gyrus in adolescent nsMDDs after treatment. Also, depression severity was significantly decreased after treatment.

Conclusion

The abnormal functional neuronal activity found at frontal and occipital cortex implied cognitive and affective disturbances in adolescent nsMDDs. The trend of upregulation of frontal neuronal activity and downregulation of occipital neuronal activity after sertraline treatment indicated that the therapy could be effective in regulating the abnormality. Notably, the significantly decreased neuronal activity in the decision related orbital middle frontal and anxiety-depression related lingual gyrus could be suggestive of reduced NSSI in adolescent MDD after therapy.
Perceptions toward antiretroviral therapy and delayed ART initiation among people living with HIV in Changsha, China: mediating effects of treatment willingness
Authors: Zhou Yaqin , Li Yixuan , Xiao Xueling , Qian Han-Zhu , Wang Honghong
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Delayed antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is associated with poor HIV outcomes and a higher likelihood of HIV transmission.

Methods

This cross-sectional study assessed the proportion of delayed ART initiation which was defined as initiating ART after 30 days of HIV diagnosis, and evaluated the pathways influencing ART initiation among adult PLWH in Changsha, China who were diagnosed between 2014 and 2022.

Results

Of 518 participants, 37.8% delayed in initiating ART. Based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), delayed initiation was indirectly associated with perceptions toward ART through the mediating pathway of patients’ treatment willingness, with treatment willingness significantly being the full mediator.

Discussion

The findings may guide the development of interventions to improve timely uptake of ART in people who are newly diagnosed with HIV.
Implementation of non-insulin-dependent diabetes self-management education (DSME) in LMICs: a systematic review of cost, adoption, acceptability, and fidelity in resource-constrained settings
Authors: Fitzpatrick Reilly , Pant Shubhra , Li Jamie , Ritterman Rebecca , Adenikinju Deborah , Iloegbu Chukwuemeka , Pateña John , Vieira Dorice , Gyamfi Joyce , Peprah Emmanuel
Published: June 2023

Background

Type II diabetes (T2D), is a serious health issue accounting for 10.7% of mortality globally. 80% of cases worldwide are found in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with rapidly increasing prevalence. Diabetes-self management education (DSME) is a cost-effective program that provides at-risk individuals with the knowledge and skills they need to adopt lifestyle changes that will improve their health and well-being. This systematic review examined the application of DSME in LMICs and identified the corresponding implementation results (cost, fidelity, acceptance, and adoption) associated with successful implementation in low-resource settings.

Methods and analysis

The available research on T2D and the use of DSME in LMIC were systematically searched for using six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PAIS, and EBSCO Discovery) between the months of October and November of 2022. The articles that met the search criteria were subsequently imported into EndNote and Covidence for analysis. The Cochrane RoB methodology for randomized trials was used to evaluate the risk of bias (RoB) in the included studies. A narrative synthesis was used to summarize the results.

Results

A total of 773 studies were imported for screening, after 203 duplicates were removed, 570 remained. Abstract and title screenings resulted in the exclusion of 487 articles, leaving 83 for full-text review. Following a full-text review, 76 articles were excluded and seven were found to be relevant to our search. The most common reasons for exclusion were study design (n = 23), lack of results (n = 14), and wrong patient population (n = 12).

Conclusion

Our systemic review found that DSME can be an acceptable and cost-effective solution in LMIC. While we intended to analyze cost, adoption, acceptability, and fidelity, our investigation revealed a gap in the literature on those areas, with most studies focusing on acceptability and cost and no studies identifying fidelity or adoption. To further evaluate the efficacy of DSME and enhance health outcomes for T2D in LMICs, more research is needed on its application.

Systematic Review Registration

osf.io/7482t.
Expectation-based types of voluntary sports clubs in regional sports federations
Authors: Schulz Luc , Parensen Andreas , Schlesinger Torsten
Published: June 2023

Sports federations as non-profit organizations play a crucial role for organized sports activities of the population. However, one key responsibility of sports federations is providing needs-based support services to affiliated member sports clubs. Due to limited resources and simultaneously increasing heterogeneous expectations from their member sports clubs, designing an appropriate service portfolio poses increasing difficulties for sports federations. This study addresses these challenges by analyzing member clubs’ expectations and identifying distinct expectation types to enable more individually designed services. To analyze the expectations of member clubs (n = 354), the explorative case study was carried out in a regional sports federation in Germany. The findings reveal that member clubs' expectations can be represented using six reliable factors. The subsequent cluster analysis indicates four different expectation-based club types with heterogenous profiles. Based on the z-standardized factor values, the identified club types were labelled as follows: (1) “People Promoters” (32%), (2) “Undemanding” (22%), (3) “Competition-oriented Self-administrators” (23%) and (4) “Demanding Communicators” (23%). The extracted clusters were also reflected and validated by other structural and organizational characteristics of the sports clubs. The extracted types provide a first empirical step to identify different expectation schemes regarding services of sports federations. These schemes enable managers of sports federations to professionalize their service portfolios and, at the same time, to design services contributing to the development of sports clubs in a more targeted manner.
Measuring thermal spread during bipolar cauterizing using an experimental pneumoperitoneum and thermal sensors
Authors: Siracusano Salvatore , Marchioro Giacomo , Scutelnic Dumitru , Brunelli Matteo , Talamini Renato , Porcaro Antonio Benito , Fiorini Paolo , Muradore Riccardo , Daffara Claudia
Published: June 2023

Objective

During nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) bipolar electrocoagulation is often used but its use is controversial for the possible thermal damage of neurovascular bundles. Aim of the study was to evaluate the spatial-temporal thermal distribution in the tissue and the correlation with the electrosurgery-induced tissue damage in a controlled, CO2-rich environment modelling the laparoscopy conditions..

Methods

We manufactured a sealed plexiglass chamber (SPC) equipped with sensors to reproduce experimentally the environmental conditions of pneumoperitoneum during RARP. We evaluated in 64 pig musculofascial tissues (PMTs) of approximately 3 cm3 × 3 cm3 × 2 cm3 the spatial-temporal thermal distribution in the tissue and the correlation with the electrosurgery-induced tissue damage in a controlled CO2-rich environment modeling the laparoscopy conditions. Critical heat spread of bipolar cauterizing during surgical procedure was assessed by the employment of a compact thermal camera (C2) with a small core sensor (60 × 80 microbolometer array in the range 7–14 μm).

Results

Bipolar instruments used at 30 W showed a thermal spread area of 18 mm2 when applied for 2 s and 28 mm2 when applied for 4 s. At 60 W, bipolar instruments showed a mean thermal spread and 19 mm2 when applied for 2 s; and 21 mm2 when applied for 4 s. Finally, histopathological analysis showed that thermal damage is distributed predominantly on the surface rather than in depth.

Conclusions

The application of these results is very interesting for the definition of an accurate use of bipolar cautery during nerve-sparing RARP. It demonstrates the feasibility of using miniaturized thermal sensors, thus addressing the potential for next developments regarding the design of thermal endoscopic devices for robotic use.
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal reconstruction of urinary diversion by mechanical stapler: prospective evaluation of early and late complications
Authors: Cochetti Giovanni , Paladini Alessio , Del Zingaro Michele , Ciarletti Sara , Pastore Francesca , Massa Guido , De Angelis Lorenzo , Mearini Ettore
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection is the gold standard treatment for non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer and high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer. For years, the traditional open surgery approach was the only viable option. The widespread of robotic surgery led to its employment also in radical cystectomy to reduce complication rates and improve functional outcomes. Regardless of the type of approach, radical cystectomy is a procedure with high morbidity and not negligible mortality. Data available in the literature show how the use of staplers can offer valid functional outcomes, with an acceptable rate of complications shortening the operative time. The aim of our study was to describe the perioperative outcomes and complications associated with robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) using a mechanical stapler.

Material and methods

From January 2015 to May 2021, we enrolled patients who underwent RARC with pelvic node dissection and stapled ICUD (ileal conduit or ileal Y-shaped neobladder according to the Perugia ileal neobladder) in our high-volume center. Demographic features, perioperative outcomes and early (≤30 days) and late (>90 days) post-operative complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification, were recorded for each patient. We also analyzed the potential linear correlation between demographic, pre-operative as well as operative features and the risk of post-operative complications.

Results

Overall, 112 patients who underwent RARC with ICUD were included with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Intracorporeal Perugia ileal neobladder was performed in 74.1% of cases while ileal conduit was performed in 25.9%. The mean operative time, estimated intraoperative blood loss, and LOS were 289.1 ± 59.7 min, 390.6 ± 186.2 ml, and 17.5 ± 9.8 days, respectively. Early minor and major complications accounted for 26.7% and 10.8%, respectively. Overall late complications were 40.2%. The late most common complications were hydronephrosis (11.6%) and urinary tract infections (20.5%). Stone reservoir formation occurred in 2.7% of patients. Major complications occurred in 5.4%. In the sub-analysis, the mean operative time and the estimated blood loss improved significantly from the first 56 procedures to the last ones.

Conclusion

RARC with ICUD performed by mechanical stapler is a safe and effective technique. Stapled Y-shaped neobladder did not increase the complication rate.
Initial validation of an intelligent video surveillance system for automatic detection of dairy cattle lameness
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Alkiviadis , Griffiths Bethany E. , Siachos Nektarios , Neary Joseph , Smith Robert F. , Oikonomou Georgios
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Lameness is a major welfare challenge facing the dairy industry worldwide. Monitoring herd lameness prevalence, and early detection and therapeutic intervention are important aspects of lameness control in dairy herds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a commercially available video surveillance system for automatic detection of dairy cattle lameness (CattleEye Ltd).

Methods

This was achieved by first measuring mobility score agreement between CattleEye and two veterinarians (Assessor 1 and Assessor 2), and second, by investigating the ability of the CattleEye system to detect cows with potentially painful foot lesions. We analysed 6,040 mobility scores collected from three dairy farms. Inter-rate agreement was estimated by calculating percentage agreement (PA), Cohen’s kappa (κ) and Gwet’s agreement coefficient (AC). Data regarding the presence of foot lesions were also available for a subset of this dataset. The ability of the system to predict the presence of potentially painful foot lesions was tested against that of Assessor 1 by calculating measures of accuracy, using lesion records during the foot trimming sessions as reference.

Results

In general, inter-rater agreement between CattleEye and either human assessor was strong and similar to that between the human assessors, with PA and AC being consistently above 80% and 0.80, respectively. Kappa agreement between CattleEye and the human scorers was in line with previous studies (investigating agreement between human assessors) and within the fair to moderate agreement range. The system was more sensitive than Assessor 1 in identifying cows with potentially painful lesions, with 0.52 sensitivity and 0.81 specificity compared to the Assessor’s 0.29 and 0.89 respectively.

Discussion

This pilot study showed that the CattleEye system achieved scores comparable to that of two experienced veterinarians and was more sensitive than a trained veterinarian in detecting painful foot lesions.