bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kronik
Authors: Meile Jakob Kyril
Published: October 2020

KRONIKKEN fortæller om det forgangne kvartal på Det Kongelige Bibliotek: Begivenheder, foredrag, udstillinger, koncerter, erhvervelser m.m. Indhold: John T. Lauridsen, modtog 9. december2013 Julius Bomholt Prisen, som overraktes af kulturminister Marianne Jelved; Danmarks Breve; Første Verdenskrig samlet på ét website; Tidsskrift.dk i vækst; Udstillinger; Foredragsrække; Jyske Lov – Danske Lov; Danmark-Norge før og efter 1814; Den amerikanske ambassadør Rufus Gifford møder danske studerende; International Forfatterscene; liT.house: OURS(H)ELVES; DiamantEnsemblet 10 år; Vinterjazz; Erhvervelser;
Lucie Hørlyk, en dansk vestindisk forfatter
Authors: Riis Thomas
Published: October 2020

Hundredåret for Danmarks salg af sine sidste kolonier i Vestindien i 1917 nærmer sig. I den anledning skriver professor Thomas Riis om den i dag så godt som ukendte ‘koloniforfatter’ Lucie Hørlyk (1870-1912).
Norge från stark unionspartner till underlydande rike
Authors: Gustafsson Harald
Published: October 2020

I anledning af 200-året for freden i Kiel i januar 1814, hvor Danmark- Norge under Frederik VI måtte afstå Norge til Sverige, hvorved unionen imellem de to lande fra 1380 sprængtes, afholdt Det Kongelige Bibliotek en foredragsrække om “Danmark-Norge før og efter 1814”. Disse foredrag bringes i let redigeret udgave i dette og kommende numre af Magasin. Denne artikel om Kalmarunionen indleder temaet.
Dansk bladtegning og nazismen
Authors: Munk Hannibal
Published: October 2020

I efteråret 2012 udstillede Museet for Dansk Bladtegning en lang række tegninger fra tiden før, under og efter den tyske besættelse af Danmark 1940-1945. Udstillingen er blevet fastholdt i bogform, og dens ene redaktør fortæller her om tilblivelsen af udstillingen og udvælgelsen blandt de mange unikke bladtegninger, som bibliotekets samlinger rummer.
Universitetsbibliotekets logo 100 år
Authors: Schlichtkrull Torsten
Published: October 2020

På forsiden af Magasin troner Det Kongelige Biblioteks velkendte logo; den opslåede bog under kongekronen, der tilsammen danner initialerne ‘KB’. Men også Universitetsbiblioteket har et smukt logo (som brugtes af Danmarks Natur- og Lægevidenskabelige Bibliotek indtil fusionen i 2005 med Det Kongelige Bibliotek), og det er designet af en af vore helt store logomagere, Knud V. Engelhardt, hvis livsværk er optaget i Kulturkanonen.
Front og hjemmefront. Dansksindede nordslesvigere under Første Verdenskrig
Authors: Wolf Hans
Published: October 2020

I Første Verdenskrig var både soldaten ved fronten og de, der var hjemme, berørt af krigen. Det gjaldt også det daværende tyske kejserrige og dermed de dansksindede unge mænd i Nordslesvig, der siden 1864 havde været en del af Tyskland og måtte trække i uniform for kejseren.
Kronik
Authors: Meile Jakob Kyril
Published: October 2020

KRONIKKEN fortæller om det forgangne kvartal på Det Kongelige Bibliotek: Begivenheder, foredrag, udstillinger, koncerter, erhvervelser m.m. Indhold: H.O. Lange-prisen til Rasmus Glenthøj for værket 1864 –Sønner af de slagne; Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven (pianisten Amalie Malling og tenoren Adam Riis samt kammerkoret Ars Nova under ledelse af Paul Hillier); Det Kongelige Bibliotek på nettet; Erhvervelser; Ræson og Vidensfestival; International Forfatterscene; Ordscenen; Koncerter
Danmarks Nationale Musikbibliotek
Authors: Kolding Nielsen Erland
Published: October 2020

Det Kongelige Bibliotek er i dag Danmarks Nationalbibliotek og Københavns Universitetsbibliotek. Det kommer den dag i dag undertiden bag på folk – selv kulturpolitikere – at det, selv som nationalbibliotek, er langt mere end en samling af bøger og tidsskrifter, til nød håndskrifter og arkivalier, men ikke mindst gennem sine omfattende særsamlinger af andre materialekategorier har både centrale og vigtige museale, kulturelle og forskningsmæssige opgaver og funktioner. Danmarks Bogmuseum kan som opgave og funktion spores langt bagud i tiden, og udstillinger har man haft siden 1908, fra 1945 med bredere kulturelt sigte. Det Nationale Fotomuseum grundlagdes i 1996 som en museal overbygning på Billedsamlingerne, Museet for Dansk Bladtegning i 1998-99 i forbindelse med en omfattende national indsamling af bladtegninger. Gennem Håndskriftsamlingerne er man de facto Danmarks litteraturmuseum. Mindre koncerter er blevet foranstaltet siden 1980’erne, og det indgik i planlægningen 1986-1992 af udvidelserne i Københavns Havnefront, at netop de museale og kulturelle opgaver ud over nye faciliteter til forskningsbetjening og andre biblioteksformål skulle have særskilte faciliteter.
Arkitekttegninger og byggesten til "Die Christensens" ordkatedraler – om Inger Christensens arkiv
Authors: Kromann Thomas Hvid
Published: October 2020

Inger Christensens arkiv i Det Kongelige Bibliotek kaster nyt lys på den proces, der er gået forud for værkerne i form af manuskripter, udkast m.m., og arkivet giver et nuanceret blik på forfatterinden som figur i det litterære felt.

Arkivets første og største del blev erhvervet tilbage i 2007. Da Det Kongelige Bibliotek ved samme lejlighed blev lovet supplerende materiale, ventede man fornuftigvis med ordningen og katalogiseringen af de fem flyttekasser med usorteret materiale, indtil det resterende var blevet afleveret. Inger Christensens død i 2009 udskød ordningen på ubestemt tid, og først i sommeren 2015 modtog Håndskriftsamlingen de resterende papirer, hvorefter ordningen kunne gå i gang med henblik på at tilgængeliggøre et materiale, der fylder 60 arkivæsker i alt, indeholdende breve, manuskripter og andre typer dokumenter.
At fotografere håbet. Joakim Eskildsens værker
Authors: Giersing Sarah
Published: October 2020

”Håbets fotograf” blev Joakim Eskildsen kaldt i Information juni 2015. Det var kunstkritikeren Rune Gade, der med dette udtryk satte fingeren på den optimisme, som karakteriserer kunstneren Eskildsens billeder. Ordene faldt i en anmeldelse af Det Nationale Fotomuseums udstilling “En verden jeg kan tro på”, og anmeldelsen var illustreret med et smukt fotografi af to børn på vej ud fra skyggen under et træ. Børnene har ryggen til fotografen, der betragter dem fra sin position inde under træet, hvis grene hænger helt til jorden. Lyset spiller i de tynde forårsblade i tusindvis af grønne nuancer, og de to børn løfter bladhanget til side, så de kan træde ud i solen med hinanden. Fotografiet er fra Eskildsens serie Home Works. Det er en parafrase over W. Eugene Smiths berømte fotografi “The Walk to Paradise Garden”, der på en næsten identisk måde viser to børn på vej ud i en lysning hånd i hånd.
Skolens historie – hvordan og hvorfor. Takketale ved modtagelsen af H.O. Lange-prisen 2015
Authors: Coninck-Smith Ning De , Appel Charlotte
Published: October 2020

H.O. Lange-prisen for 2015 uddeltes den 24. februar i år og gik til professor mso, dr.phil. Ning de Coninck-Smith & lektor, dr.phil. Charlotte Appel for værket Dansk skolehistorie. Hverdag, vilkår og visioner, bd. 1-5.
Hortense Panum som låner på Det Kongelige Bibliotek
Authors: Jensen Lisbeth Ahlgren
Published: October 2020

Hortense Panum var en af Danmarks første professionelt uddannede musikhistorikere, men hun blev aldrig fast knyttet til en forskningsinstitution og fik derfor ingen direkte efterfølgere. Hun forblev ugift, for et liv i forskningens tjeneste kunne ikke forenes med en tilværelse som hustru og mor.
Kronik
Authors: Meile Jakob Kyril
Published: October 2020

KRONIKKEN fortæller om det forgangne kvartal på Det Kongelige Bibliotek: Begivenheder, foredrag, udstillinger, koncerter, erhvervelser m.m. Indhold: Kulturkalender på www.kb.dk; Bøger og bibliotek; støtte fra Kulturministeriets Forskningsudvalg: ”Venligboerne i Danmark”, “Borgmestermausolæer eller templer for Thalia?”, “Svenske krigsfanger i Danmark under Store Nordiske Krig 1709-21.”; seminar afholdt af  Copenhagen Photo Festival og Det Natio­nale Fotomuseum; Kurator til Danmarkskanonen for immateriel kulturarv: Seniorforsker Marianne Holm Pedersen fra Dansk Folkemindesamling; Det Kongelige Bibliotek på nettet: illegale balde: Tankestreger – Claus Seidel: 50 års bladtegning, Utopia – Cartoon Award udstilling i Den Sorte Diamant; Erhvervelser¸DiamantKlubben; Copenhagen Jazz Festival: Johanna Borchert & Band, Egberto Gismonti, Klaverstafet med seks jazzpianister, Peter Rosendal’s Old Man’s Kitchen,
Bathyuriscus mendozanus (RUSCONI, 1945), TRILOBITES DEL CÁMBRICO MEDIO DE LA PRECORDILLERA ARGENTINA
Authors: Bordonaro Osvaldo Luis , Fojo Carlos Fabían
Published: October 2020

Se realiza una revisión taxonómica del trilobite corynexochido Plesioparabolina mendozana, que es reclasificado como Bathyuriscus mendozanus, que presenta caracteres morfológicos distintivos respecto a las otras 19 especies laurénticas incluidas en este género. También se incluyen en esta especie algunos ejemplares del mismo género previamente determinados en nomenclatura abierta y, además, se incorporan nuevos especímenes coleccionados por los autores. La mayoría de los fósiles estudiados se encuentran en olistolitos cámbricos, de calizas de plataforma externa, que se hallan alojados en pelitas ordovícicas. Los trilobites estudiados proceden de las localidades ubicadas en quebrada Ojos de Agua, quebrada Los Sombreros, Cordón del Alojamiento y San Isidro, de la Precordillera Argentina. La edad de la especie estudiada se ubica en el Cámbrico medio, Marjumiense, Zona de Oryctocephalus, según el esquema cronoestratigráfico tradicional de Laurentia, lo que equivale en el esquema bioestratigráfico mundial propuesto por la International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy (ISCS) a la Series 3, a la parte superior del Piso 5 del Cámbrico
RECENSIÓN. Geología y Paleontología de Almadén en el siglo XIX
Authors: Gozalo Rodolfo
Published: October 2020

Nos encontramos ante un libro de los que considero necesario para cualquier persona interesada en la historia de la geología y paleontología en nuestro país durante el siglo XIX, o en la región de Almadén (prov. Ciudad Real). Esta obra se organiza en dos conjuntos claramente diferenciados, en primer lugar un breve estudio histórico de 64 páginas, firmado por nuestros consocios Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco e Isabel Rábano, seguido de la reproducción facsímil de tres trabajos clásicos realizados por Prado, Verneuil y Barrande sobre la geología y paleontología de la región de Almadén. Estos trabajos se pueden considerar como los primeros trabajos geológicos y paleontológicos modernos dedicados a esta región
Canine size variability in extinct hominin taxa with special emphasis in the homo habilis: Palaeobiological and taxonomical implications
Authors: Jiménez-Arenas Juan M
Published: October 2020

The canines of hominins are quite different in both size and shape compared to those of their closest extant relatives (chimpanzees and gorillas). On the other hand, it has been argued that canine size and sexual size dimorphism is related to socio-sexual behaviour, but there is only limited evidence as to whether these aspects are informative regarding the behaviour of extinct hominins. This issue is complicated by the difficulty to sex the upper canines of fossil hominins and uncertain taxonomic attribution. In order to make palaeobiological inferences on the behaviour of these taxa, in this paper the variability in upper canine area is evaluated in extinct hominins, on the basis of the coefficient of variation, by using re-sampling procedures. Particular emphasis is put on Homo habilis s.l., by evaluating variability in several groupings of upper canines attributable to this taxon. The results indicate that, in most instances, extinct hominins cannot be significantly distinguished from chimpanzees and modern humans regarding canine area variability. It is therefore concluded that canine area is not a good variable to infer behavioural aspects of extinct hominins. In addition, when the sets of H. habilis s.l. including KNM-ER 1590 (a 1.85 My older H. rudolfensis representative described as a juvenile male) showed a variability superior to that of anatomically modern humans, which suggests those sets including such individual may represent more than one taxon
Sphenopteris hadrophylla knight ms, a possible discopteris, from the Upper Stephanian of NW Spain
Authors: Knight John A , Wagner Robert H
Published: October 2020

The upper Stephanian fern Sphenopteris hadrophylla Knight, described originally in an unpublished thesis on the Sabero Coalfield in León, NW Spain, is now validly introduced on the basis of new, more complete, material collected from the La Magdalena Coalfield in León. This includes sporangiate pinnae interpreted as possibly attributable to Discopteris Stur. A holotype and paratypes are designated from this material. The more fragmentary specimens from Sabero are recorded also. Additional specimens from Villablino (León), El Bierzo (León), Ciñera-Matallana (León), and the Narragansett Basin in New England (U.S.A.) are referred to and partly illustrated, thus demonstrating the wider distribution of the species. Comparisons are made with several species of Stephanian age known from Europe and North America.
Stream mouth deposits in the palaeontological site of Somosaguas, Middle Miocene, Madrid Basin
Authors: Díez-Canseco Davinia , López-Martínez Nieves , Díaz-Molina Margarita , Benito Mª Isabel
Published: October 2020

The Middle Miocene sediments exposed in Somosaguas contain an excellent record of mammal fossil remains preserved in debris and mudflow deposits. In the sedimentary sequence of Somosaguas three facies associations are distinguished, representing alluvial fan and shallow lake margin environments. Alluvial fans are composed of mud and debris flow deposits. The whole of the lacustrine deposits are interbedded between debris and mud flow deposits. The shallow lake deposits are devoid of fossil remains, and they consist of well-sorted micaceous sandstone bodies with water flow structures, interbedded with thin mudstone beds. These sandstone bodies are interpreted as stream mouth lobes. Three integrated stratigraphic sections show that the lacustrine bedset overlain an erosion surface, probably scoured by flood waters. Palaeocurrent measurements indicate that the sediment filling the shallow lake came from the west and the north
Making Art Work
Authors: McCray W. Patrick
Published: October 2020

The creative collaborations of engineers, artists, scientists, and curators over the past fifty years.

Artwork as opposed to experiment? Engineer versus artist? We often see two different cultural realms separated by impervious walls. But some fifty years ago, the borders between technology and art began to be breached. In this book, W. Patrick McCray shows how in this era, artists eagerly collaborated with engineers and scientists to explore new technologies and create visually and sonically compelling multimedia works. This art emerged from corporate laboratories, artists' studios, publishing houses, art galleries, and university campuses. Many of the biggest stars of the art world—Robert Rauschenberg, Yvonne Rainer, Andy Warhol, Carolee Schneemann, and John Cage—participated, but the technologists who contributed essential expertise and aesthetic input often went unrecognized.

Coming from diverse personal backgrounds, this roster of engineers and scientists includes Frank J. Malina, the American rocket-pioneer turned kinetic artist who launched the art-science journal Leonardo, and Swedish-born engineer Billy Klüver, who established the group Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T). At schools ranging from MIT to Caltech, engineers engaged with such figures as artist Gyorgy Kepes and celebrity curator Maurice Tuchman.

Today, we are in the midst of a new surge of corporate and academic promotion of projects and programs combining art, technology, and science. Making Art Work reveals how artists and technologists have continually constructed new communities in which they exercise imagination, display creative expertise, and pursue commercial innovation.
Artemisinin exposure at the ring or trophozoite stage impacts Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion differently
Authors: Portugaliza Harvie P , Miyazaki Shinya , Geurten Fiona JA , Pell Christopher , Rosanas-Urgell Anna , Janse Chris J , Cortés Alfred
Published: October 2020

Malaria transmission is dependent on the formation of gametocytes in the human blood. The sexual conversion rate, the proportion of asexual parasites that convert into gametocytes at each multiplication cycle, is variable and reflects the relative parasite investment between transmission and maintaining the infection. The impact of environmental factors such as drugs on sexual conversion rates is not well understood. We developed a robust assay using gametocyte-reporter parasite lines to accurately measure the impact of drugs on sexual conversion rates, independently from their gametocytocidal activity. We found that exposure to subcurative doses of the frontline antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) at the trophozoite stage resulted in a ~ fourfold increase in sexual conversion. In contrast, no increase was observed when ring stages were exposed or in cultures in which sexual conversion was stimulated by choline depletion. Our results reveal a complex relationship between antimalarial drugs and sexual conversion, with potential public health implications.
Visual duration bisection in profoundly deaf individuals
Authors: Zhang Feng , Jin Kaige , Zhang Sainan
Published: October 2020

Background

Previous research has been designed to study the effect of hearing loss on supra-second duration estimation in the visual channel and position effect of visual abilities among deaf populations. The current study aimed to investigate the sub-second duration perception of different visual fields in profoundly deaf individuals.

Methods

A total of 16 profoundly deaf undergraduates and 16 hearing undergraduates completed a visual duration bisection task in which participants made judgments about whether a series of probe durations that were linearly spaced from 200 ms to 800 ms at 100 ms intervals were more similar to a standard short duration (200 ms) or a standard long duration (800 ms). The probe stimuli were presented in the center, left, or right of the screen. A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a between-participants factor of group and a within-participants factor of position, and a one-sample t-test were conducted.

Results

The Weber ratio (WR) values of deaf participants were significantly higher than those of hearing participants, regardless of the presented positions of the visual stimulus. The bisection point (BP) value of deaf participants was significantly lower than 500 ms (average mean of 200/800 ms) and the BP value of hearing participants did not significantly differ from 500 ms, although the overall difference of BP values between the deaf group and hearing group did not reach significance. For deaf participants, the BP value in the center condition was significantly lower than 500 ms; however, the difference between the BP value in the left condition and 500 ms did not reach significance, indicating that their duration discrimination accuracy in the left visual field was better than that in the center visual field.

Conclusions

Hearing loss impaired visual sub-second duration perception, and deaf individuals showed a left visual field advantage of duration discrimination accuracy during the visual duration bisection task.
Structure and expression analysis of seven salt-relatedERFgenes ofPopulus
Authors: Huang Juanjuan , Wang Shengji , Wang Xingdou , Fan Yan , Han Youzhi
Published: October 2020

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that play important roles in plant growth and stress defense and have received a great amount of attention in recent years. In this study, sevenERFgenes related to abiotic stress tolerance and response were identified in plants of thePopulusgenus. Systematic bioinformatics, including sequence phylogeny, genome organisation, gene structure, gene ontology (GO) annotation, etc. were detected. Expression-pattern of these sevenERFgenes were analyzed using RT-qPCR and cross validated using RNA-Seq. Data from a phylogenetic tree and multiple alignment of protein sequences indicated that these seven ERF TFs belong to three subfamilies and contain AP2, YRG, and RAYD conserved domains, which may interact with downstream target genes to regulate the plant stress response. An analysis of the structure and promoter region of these sevenERFgenes showed that they have multiple stress-related motifs andcis-elements, which may play roles in the plant stress-tolerance process through a transcriptional regulation mechanism; moreover, the cellular_component and molecular_function terms associated with theseERFsdetermined by GO annotation supported this hypothesis. In addition, the spatio-temporal expression pattern of these sevenERFs, as detected using RT-qPCR and RNA-seq, suggested that they play a critical role in mediating the salt response and tolerance in a dynamic and tissue-specific manner. The results of this study provide a solid basis to explore the functions of the stress-related ERF TFs inPopulusabiotic stress tolerance and development process.
Changes in Haematological Parameters in Plasmodium falciparum Infected Malaria Patients in an Urban Slum of Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ozojiofor U. O. , Bankole O. O. , Anene N. , Hassan A. U. , Emaleku S. A.
Published: October 2020

The present study was carried to determine the changes in haematological parameters in P. falciparum infected patients in Ajeromi Ifelodun area of Lagos, Nigeria. Seventy (70) human subjects comprising of 50 P. falciparum malarial infected and 20 non-infected (control) subjects between 10-60 years were selected for this study. RDT test and microscopy were carried out to ascertain the presence of P. falciparum. They were grouped based on age criteria and level of parasitaemia. This work was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Nigeria Institute for Medical Research Laboratory, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria between August 2016 and January 2017. Blood samples were collected for the determination of P. falciparum, level of parasitaemia and haematological parameters. Haematological parameters were determined using a Coulter A-T Pierce haematology analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Inc. Fullerton, CA, USA), P. falciparum was determined by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and Microscopy. There was a significant increase in the mean level of total white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells distribution width (RDW), and a significant decrease in the mean level of haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cells (RBC), and platelets (PLT) in the malaria infected patients than in the controls (p<0.05). There was also a higher malaria parasite density among malaria infected patients for ages above 20 and a lower malaria parasite density for ages below 20 in this study. The findings of this study show that infection with P. falciparum produces changes in haematological parameters in those infected and tested positive for malaria. The most commonly affected parameters are haemoglobin, haematocrit, white blood cells and platelet count.
Relationship between exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) magnetic field and the level of some reproductive hormones among power plant workers
Authors: Suri Sheari , Dehghan Somayeh F , Sahlabadi Ali S , Ardakani Soheila K , Moradi Nariman , Rahmati Maryam , Tehrani Fahimeh R
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims

Today, human beings are exposed to the ELF magnetic field of electrical equipment and power lines, which can damage Leydig cells and alter the secretion of reproductive hormones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to ELF magnetic field and the level of some reproductive hormones in male power plant workers.

Materials and Methods

The present cross-sectional study was carried out among all male employees of different units of the selected power plant around Tehran, Iran. All participants were asked to complete demographic data sheets and General Health questionnaire, on condition of consent and meeting the inclusion criteria. Time-weighted average (TWA) exposure to magnetic field of 122 men was measured by IEEE Std C95.3.1 method using TES 1393 Gauss meter. Based on the exposure level, subjects were divided into three groups. Serum Levels of Free Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in participants were determined. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and the relationships between variables were assessed by linear regression and correlation using SPSS v.25 software.

Results

There was no significant statistical correlation between the level of ELF exposure and serum levels of free testosterone, LH, and FSH, (r = 0.158). Serum levels of LH decreased significantly with age and duration of work experience (P < .05, r = −.25, P = .005, r = −.203, P = .025).

Conclusion

There was no relationship between exposure to magnetic field in power plants and reproductive hormone levels, although it is impossible to make definitive comments without using more accurate methods to estimate male fertility.
Photocontrollable Photonic Crystals Based on Porous Silicon Filled with Photochromic Liquid Crystalline Mixture
Authors: Bobrovsky Alexey , Svyakhovskiy Sergey , Bogdanov Alexey , Shibaev Valery , Cigl Martin , Hamplová Vĕra , Bubnov Alexej
Published: October 2020

Novel photocontrollable photonic crystals based on porous silicon prepared by electrochemical etching are elaborated and their great potential for creation of photoswitchable materials is demonstrated. For this purpose, silicon‐based photonic porous wafers are filled with photochromic liquid crystalline (LC) nematic mixture formulated by 4‐pentyl‐4′‐cyanobiphenyl and a specific azobenzene derivative. Results of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal that molecules of LC mixture are aligned along the etched channels in silicon plate, i.e., in normal direction. UV irradiation (375 nm) of the resulting composite causes a shift of photonic band gap to longer wavelengths by ≈10 nm. This phenomenon is explained by isothermal photoinduced nematic–isotropic phase transition associated with the bent‐shaped Z isomer formation of the azobenzene compound. During this transition, effective refractive index slightly increases as the initial homeotropic alignment of LC molecules transforms to the isotropic nonaligned state. This process is completely reversible under visible light action (428 nm) and can be repeated many times. Obtained photonic crystal photochromic LC composites can be considered as new promising material for photonic applications.
Evolutionary dynamics of genome size in a radiation of woody plants
Authors: Moeglein Morgan K. , Chatelet David S. , Donoghue Michael J. , Edwards Erika J.
Published: October 2020

PREMISE

Plant genome size ranges widely, providing many opportunities to examine how genome size variation affects plant form and function. We analyzed trends in chromosome number, genome size, and leaf traits for the woody angiosperm clade Viburnum to examine the evolutionary associations, functional implications, and possible drivers of genome size.

METHODS

Chromosome counts and genome size estimates were mapped onto a Viburnum phylogeny to infer the location and frequency of polyploidization events and trends in genome size evolution. Genome size was analyzed with leaf anatomical and physiological data to evaluate the influence of genome size on plant function.

RESULTS

We discovered nine independent polyploidization events, two reductions in base chromosome number, and substantial variation in genome size with a slight trend toward genome size reduction in polyploids. We did not find strong relationships between genome size and the functional and morphological traits that have been highlighted at broader phylogenetic scales.

CONCLUSIONS

Polyploidization events were sometimes associated with rapid radiations, demonstrating that polyploid lineages can be highly successful. Relationships between genome size and plant physiological function observed at broad phylogenetic scales may be largely irrelevant to the evolutionary dynamics of genome size at smaller scales. The view that plants readily tolerate changes in ploidy and genome size, and often do so, appears to apply to Viburnum.
From Carlquist’s ecological wood anatomy to Carlquist’s Law: why comparative anatomy is crucial for functional xylem biology
Authors: Olson Mark E.
Published: October 2020

All students of xylem structure–function relations need to be familiar with the work of Sherwin Carlquist. He studies xylem through the lens of the comparative method, which uses the appearance of similar anatomical features under similar conditions of natural selection to infer function. “Function” in biology implies adaptation; maximally supported adaptation inferences require experimental and comparative xylem scientists to work with one another. Engaging with comparative inferences of xylem function will, more likely sooner rather than later, bring one to the work of Sherwin Carlquist. To mark his 90th birthday, I highlight just a few examples of his extraordinarily perceptive and general comparative insights. One is “Carlquist’s Law”, the pervasive tendency for vessels to be solitary when background cells are conductive. I cover his pioneering of “ecological” wood anatomy, viewing xylem variation as reflecting the effects of selection across climate and habit variation. Another is the embolism vulnerability–conduit diameter relationship, one of the most widely invoked structure–function relationships in xylem biology. I discuss the inferential richness within the notion of Carlquistian paedomorphosis, including detailed functional inferences regarding ray cell orientation. My final example comes from his very recent work offering the first satisfactory hypothesis accounting for the geographical and histological distribution of scalariform perforation plates as an adaptation, including “Carlquist’s Ratchet”, why scalariform plates are adaptive but do not re‐evolve once lost. This extraordinarily rich production over six decades is filled with comparative inferences that should keep students of xylem function busy testing for decades to come.
A Benzocaine‐Induced Local Near‐Surface pH Effect: Influence on the Accuracy of Voltammetric Cocaine Detection
Authors: de Jong Mats , Sleegers Nick , Schram Jonas , Daems Devin , Florea Anca , De Wael Karolien
Published: October 2020

This work describes a local induced near‐surface pH effect (pHS) arising from the presence of one analyte, leading to an influence or even suppression of redox signals of a second analyte present in solution. This concept and its impact on voltammetric sensing is illustrated by focusing on the detection of cocaine in the presence of the common adulterant benzocaine. An in‐depth study on the observed interference mechanism and its specificity for benzocaine and not for other adulterants was performed through the use of multiple electrochemical strategies. It was concluded that the potential shift and loss of intensity of the square‐wave voltammetric cocaine signal in the presence of benzocaine was caused by a local pHS effect. A cathodic pretreatment strategy was developed to nonetheless allow accurate cocaine detection. These insights are useful for explaining unidentified phenomena involving compounds with properties similar to benzocaine in voltammetric electroanalysis.
Magneto‐piezoresistive characteristics of graphene/room temperature vulcanized silicon rubber‐silicon rubber magnetorheological elastomer
Authors: Zhao Dan , Cui Jin , Dai Xinying , Liu Shaogang , Dong Liqiang
Published: October 2020

The effect of graphene with different content on the magneto‐piezoresistive characteristics of graphene/room temperature vulcanized silicon rubber (GR/RTV) magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) was studied, and the relationship between the content of graphene and conductivity of GR/RTV‐MRE was described based on the general effective medium theory. A magneto‐piezoresistive model was established to describe the relationship among resistance, pressure, and magnetic field based on the magnetic dipole and tunneling theory. The samples of GR/RTV‐MRE with different content of graphene were prepared. The experimental platform with magneto‐piezoresistive characteristics controlled by magnetic field was built. The effect of graphene with different content on piezoresistive coefficient of GR/RTV‐MRE was obtained under different magnetic flux density. The experimental results showed that the piezoresistive coefficients of samples with different content of graphene decrease with the increase of magnetic flux density in the range of 0 ~ 80mT. For the same magnetic field, when the volume fraction of graphene is less than 12%, the piezoresistive coefficient is positively correlated with it, when the volume fraction of graphene is more than 12%; the increase of content has little effect on the piezoresistive characteristics. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations for correction and error analysis. The results showed that the modified model can well describe the variation of the resistance of GR/RTV‐MRE under magnetic field and pressure.
Development of gum odina‐gelatin based antimicrobial loaded biodegradable spongy scaffold: A promising wound care tool
Authors: Das Shilpa , De Arnab , Das Bhaskar , Mukherjee Biswajit , Samanta Amalesh
Published: October 2020

The present study focuses on development of HPMC K100M reinforced antimicrobial loaded spongy biodegradable wound dressing scaffold by blending gum odina (GO) and gelatin (G) which has not been explored so far. All the prepared formulations by varying GO‐HPMC K100M: G are subjected to physicochemical evaluations (visual appearance, swelling study, biodegradability, drug loading, and drug release). F3B (GO‐HPMC K100M: G = 1:1, blank) and F3D (GO‐HPMC K100M: G = 1:1, drug loaded) are optimized and selected for further evaluations. Controlled degradation and sustained release of impregnated drug molecules from F3D may influence the antimicrobial efficacy. A satisfactory result of protein adsorption on the surface of F3B and F3D (almost 24%) can be an important event for being a biomaterial. The safe value of hemolytic potentiality (approximately 4%) may consider as biocompatible in nature. Furthermore, upon other characterizations F3B and F3D can be considered as an excellent potential candidate for biomedical application.
Stable solid dispersion of lurasidone hydrochloride with augmented physicochemical properties for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Pardhi Vishwas P. , Flora Swaran
Published: October 2020

Crystalline solid dispersion of lurasidone hydrochloride (LH) was made with various polar and non‐polar small molecules to overcome the poor aqueous solubility issue. LH‐Glutathione (GSH) solid dispersion in 1:1 ratio was prepared by co‐grinding method and characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. GSH acts as antioxidant and reported for anti‐schizophrenic activity may provide synergistic action with LH or reduce the side effects. LH in LH‐GSH solid dispersion (SD) has shown improvement in solubility by 7.9 folds than plain drug which translated in terms of improved dissolution rate by two‐folds. The in vitro dissolution results showed maximum dissolution rate with LH‐GSH SD (97.85 ± 2.40%) compared to plain drug (50.5 ± 3.02%) at 15 min (t15 min, %) and thus, satisfying criteria of immediate release dosage form. DSC and FTIR data confirmed the stability of LH‐GSH SD for 3 months at accelerated stability condition (40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% RH). The prepared LH‐GSH SD can be used as a tool to target dual problems that is, enhanced physicochemical properties along with possible management of disorder which could be due to synergism with co‐administered GSH. This approach is thought to be efficiently providing the relief to the psychological patients.
Humanization of Chicken‐Derived scFv Using Yeast Surface Display and NGS Data Mining
Authors: Elter Adrian , Bogen Jan P. , Hinz Steffen C. , Fiebig David , Macarrón Palacios Arturo , Grzeschik Julius , Hock Björn , Kolmar Harald
Published: October 2020

Generation of high‐affinity monoclonal antibodies by immunization of chickens is a valuable strategy, particularly for obtaining antibodies directed against epitopes that are conserved in mammals. A generic procedure is established for the humanization of chicken‐derived antibodies. To this end, high‐affinity binders of the epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain are isolated from immunized chickens using yeast surface display. Complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of two high‐affinity binders are grafted onto a human acceptor framework. Simultaneously, Vernier zone residues, responsible for spatial CDR arrangement, are partially randomized. A yeast surface display library comprising ≈300 000 variants is screened for high‐affinity binders in the scFv and Fab formats. Next‐generation sequencing discloses humanized antibody variants with restored affinity and improved protein characteristics compared to the parental chicken antibodies. Furthermore, the sequencing data give new insights into the importance of antibody format, used during the humanization process. Starting from the antibody repertoire of immunized chickens, this work features an effective and fast high‐throughput approach for the generation of multiple humanized antibodies with potential therapeutic relevance.
Comprehensive review of implications of COVID‐19 on clinical outcomes of cancer patients and management of solid tumors during the pandemic
Authors: Madan Ankit , Siglin Joshua , Khan Aleem
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has emerged as a novel infection which has spread rapidly across the globe and currently presents a grave threat to the health of vulnerable patient populations like those with malignancy, elderly, and immunocompromised. Healthcare systems across the world are grappling with the detrimental impact of this pandemic while learning about this novel disease and concurrently developing vaccines, strategies to mitigate its spread, and treat those infected. Cancer patients today face with a unique situation. They are susceptible to severe clinically adverse events and higher mortality from COVID‐19 infection as well as morbidity and mortality from their underlying malignancy. Conclusion: Our review suggests increased risk of mortality and serious clinical events from COVID‐19 infection in cancer patients. However, risk of adverse events does not seem to be increased by cancer therapies. True impact of COVID‐19 on cancer patients will unravel over the next few months. We have also reviewed clinical features of COVID‐19, recent recommendations from various medical, surgical, and radiation oncology societies for major solid tumor types like lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer during the duration of this pandemic.
Revealing the subtyping of non‐small cell lung cancer based on genomic evolutionary patterns by multi‐region sequencing
Authors: Liao Gaoming , Liang Xin , Ping Yanyan , Zhang Yong , Liao Jianlong , Wang Yihan , Hou Xiaobo , Jiang Zedong , Dong Xiaoqiu , Xu Chaohan , Xiao Yun
Published: October 2020

Accurately classifying patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the perspective of tumor evolution has not been systematically studied to date. Here, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of somatic mutations in 100 early NSCLC patients (327 lesions) through reanalyzing the TRACERx data. Based on the genomic evolutionary patterns presented on the phylogenetic trees, we grouped NSCLC patients into three evolutionary subtypes. The phylogenetic trees among three subtypes exhibited distinct branching structures, with one subtype representing branched evolution and another reflecting the early accumulation of genomic variation. However, in the evolutionary pattern of the third subtype, some mutations experienced selective sweeps and were gradually replaced by multiple newly formed subclonal populations. The subtype patients with poor prognosis had higher intra‐tumor heterogeneity and subclonal diversity. We combined genomic heterogeneity with clinical phenotypes analysis and found that subclonal expansion results in the progression and deterioration of the tumor. The molecular mechanisms of subtype‐specific Early Driver Feature (EDF) genes differed across the evolutionary subtypes, reflecting the characteristics of the subtype itself. In summary, our study provided new insights on the stratification of NSCLC patients based on genomic evolution that can be valuable for us to understand the development of pulmonary tumor profoundly.
The prognostic significance of the treatment response of regional lymph nodes and the refinement of the current TNM staging system in locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Cui Jian , Zhang Lin , Yang Lin , Zhu Yue‐Lu , Fang Hui , Chen Bo , Ning Yi , Zhang Hai‐Zeng
Published: October 2020

The current TNM staging system uses the same category definitions for both rectal cancer patients with and without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). However, ypTNM stage, especially ypN stage does not predict patient survival after NCRT well. Whether tumor regression in lymph nodes (LRG) may improve the prediction has not been well studied. In total, 358 patients with rectal cancer who received NCRT followed by radical resection were recruited from 2004 to 2015, and the median follow‐up time was 57.5 months. The main outcome measure was disease‐free survival (DFS). In univariate analysis, factors associated with DFS were ypT stage, ypN stage, number of negative lymph nodes (NLN), lymph node ratio (LNR), tumor regression grade (TRG), M‐TTRG (modified ypT stage by combining ypT stage and TRG), maximum LRG (LRGmax), sum score of LRG (LRGsum), LRG ratio (average value of LRGsum), and M‐NLRG (modified ypN stage by combining LRGmax and LNR). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, M‐TTRG and M‐NLRG (p < 0.001 and p = 0.030, respectively) were significantly associated with DFS. The estimated 5‐year DFS rates were 86.6%, 60.3%, and 36.4% for patients with M‐NLRG‐0, M‐NLRG‐1, and M‐NLRG‐2, respectively (p < 0.001). A significant difference in survival was observed among patients with NCRT after incorporating TRG and LRG simultaneously into the current ypTNM staging system (p < 0.001). LRG was an important prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients treated with NCRT and could refine the ypTNM staging system. The modified ypTNM staging system in combination with LRGmax, LNR, and TRG could improve the DFS prediction in each subset of patients.
Dermal mesenchymal stem cells promoted adhesion and migration of endothelial cells by integrin in psoriasis
Authors: Han Qixin , Niu Xuping , Hou Ruixia , Li Junqin , Liu Yamin , Li Xiaofang , Li Juan , Li Yan , Zhang Kaiming , Wu Yan
Published: October 2020

The unusual dilatation of dermal capillaries and angiogenesis played important roles in psoriasis. Some genes and proteins of dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) from psoriasis are abnormal and related to the function of endothelial cells (ECs). The present study was aimed to evaluate whether psoriatic DMSCs could affect adhesion and migration of ECs through neovascularization‐related integrins in psoriasis. Human DMSCs, collected from psoriasis lesions and healthy skin, respectively, were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression levels of three integrins, that is, αvβ3, αvβ5, and α5β1 in HUVECs were tested by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The adhesion and migration of HUVECs were detected by adhesion assay and migration assay. The results showed that in psoriasis group, the expression of αVβ3 and α5β1 of HUVECs markedly increased 2.50‐ and 3.71‐fold in messenger RNA levels, and significantly increased 1.63‐ and 1.92‐fold in protein levels, comparing to healthy control group (all p < .05). But β5 was not significantly different between the two groups (p > .05). In addition, compared with control, psoriatic DMSCs promoted HUVECs adhesion by 1.62‐fold and migration by 2.91‐fold (all p < .05). In conclusion, psoriatic DMSCs impact HUVECs adhesion and migration by upregulating the expression of integrins αVβ3 and α5β1.
Self‐Supported Oxygen and Molybdenum Dual‐Doped Cobalt Phosphide Hierarchical Nanomaterials as Superior Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Mu Jianshuai , Xu Jiaying , Zhou Chenmin , Wang Qian , Wang Xiu‐Guang , Liu Zheng‐Yu , Zhao Xiao‐Jun , Yang En‐Cui
Published: October 2020

Electrocatalytic water splitting is considered an attractive way to achieve clean and sustainable energy production. Herein, a series of self‐supported oxygen and molybdenum dual‐doped cobalt phosphides grown on Ni foam (O,Mo−CoP/NFs) were prepared. The O,Mo−CoP/NFs exhibited 3D hierarchical morphologies including urchin‐like nanostructures assembled with nanorods and nanoflowers assembled with ultrathin nanosheets. The optimized O,Mo−CoP/NFs‐2 nanoflowers exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with an overpotential of only 59 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and 301 mV overpotential at 100 mA cm−2 for OER. Moreover, the O,Mo−CoP/NFs‐2 nanoflowers exhibited efficient overall water splitting as low as 1.66 V for 100 mA cm−2 with outstanding long‐term stability, even superior to the commercial Pt−C/NF and RuO2/NF system. The superior activity of self‐supported O,Mo−CoP/NFs‐2 nanoflowers was attributed to the synergistic effect of O and Mo dual doping, which promoted its intrinsic catalytic activity, and its particular morphology of self‐supported 3D hierarchical nanoflowers, which could expose more catalytic sites and enable facile gas escape. Moreover, the device of overall water splitting can be powered by a single AA battery or a 1.5 V solar cell, showing its great potential for practical applications.
Analysis of the Capacitive Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells during Operation
Authors: Lochner Tim , Perchthaler Markus , Hnyk Franziska , Sick Daniel , Sabawa Jarek P. , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: October 2020

The interest in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for automotive applications is nowadays increasing. To run such systems efficiently, the operating strategy relies on information about the stacks operational conditions. The cell capacitance, in most cases, contains such information and it can be measured in real‐time using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. However, the influence of the operating conditions on the cell capacitance is poorly understood so far. Therefore, this work analyses the influence of the oxygen content and cell voltage. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy data show equal hydrogen adsorption charges in oxygen‐free operation. In oxygen‐saturated atmosphere, the adsorption capacitance below 0.40 V is suppressed, probably owing to the fast adsorption of OH*. However, this allows distinction between the oxygen‐free and oxygen‐saturated conditions, as in the first case the total capacitance is significantly larger. Thus, an impedance‐based operation strategy could detect oxygen undersupply in the fuel cells in real‐time.