bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Alignment and Whirling Vibration Characteristics of a Submarine Propulsion Shafting Using Kriging Surrogate Model
Authors: Gu Zheng , Liu Jinlin
Published: October 2024

To improve the performance indexes, such as safety, reliability and acoustic stealth, of a submarine, it is significant to optimize the dynamic characteristics of its propulsion shafting. The alignment state of a shafting has a coupling effect on its whirling vibration characteristics, and the multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) theory can fully consider the coupling relationships between different disciplines like this, which is a scientific and effective method to achieve the design optimization of shafting dynamics. However, the iterative calculation of high-precision numerical models greatly restricts the optimization efficiency of this method. Aiming at this problem, in this paper, an MDO model was established based on the coupling dynamic analysis of submarine propulsion shafting, and the Kriging surrogate model was used to predict the state variables within each subdiscipline. Along with the reduction of computational expense, the MDO of the alignment and whirling vibration characteristics of the shafting was achieved. The studied results can be applied to the design process of submarine propulsion shafting, which can provide technical and theoretical support for improving the optimization efficiency of its coupling dynamics.
Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Fuel Cell Electric Ship Power and Propulsion System
Authors: Nivolianiti Evaggelia , Karnavas Yannis L. , Charpentier Jean-Frédéric
Published: October 2024

The growing use of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in hybrid propulsion systems is aimed at replacing traditional internal combustion engines and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Effective power distribution between the fuel cell and the energy storage system (ESS) is crucial and has led to a growing emphasis on developing energy management systems (EMSs) to efficiently implement this integration. To address this goal, this study examines the performance of a fuzzy logic rule-based strategy for a hybrid fuel cell propulsion system in a small hydrogen-powered passenger vessel. The primary objective is to optimize fuel efficiency, with particular attention on reducing hydrogen consumption. The analysis is carried out under typical operating conditions encountered during a river trip. Comparisons between the proposed strategy with other approaches—control based, optimization based, and deterministic rule based—are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Simulation results indicated that the EMS based on fuzzy logic mechanisms was the most successful in reducing fuel consumption. The superior performance of this method stems from its ability to adaptively manage power distribution between the fuel cell and energy storage systems.
Research on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Path Optimization Using a Field Theory-Guided A* Algorithm
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Shen Yong , Xie Zhexue , Liu Yihua
Published: October 2024

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have become indispensable tools in the fields of ocean exploration, resource exploitation, and environmental monitoring. Path planning and obstacle avoidance are crucial to improve the operational capabilities of AUVs. However, most algorithms focus only on macro-global or micro-local path planning and rarely address both problems simultaneously. This study extends the classical A* algorithm by integrating field theory principles. The resulting Field Theory Augmented A* (FT-A*) algorithm combines the constraints in the AUV’s dynamics and the threats posed by obstacles to ensure a safe navigation distance. The paths planned by the FT-A* algorithm were subsequently re-optimised in conjunction with Dubins curves, taking into account path smoothness and redundant node problems. Simulation experiments confirm that the improved algorithm can effectively help AUVs navigate safely around obstacles, which greatly improves navigation safety and increases the arithmetic power and navigation efficiency. The proposed FT-A* algorithm provides a robust solution for underwater path planning and demonstrates great practical value for AUV operation in complex marine environments.
How Perceived Similarity between Travel Destinations and Hometowns Influences Consumer Experience in Online Travel Blind Boxes: The Mediating Role of the Aha Moment
Authors: Liu Meilian , Chen Xiaoguang , Zhao Xinyue , Xu Qian
Published: October 2024

The blind box market is fast-growing, from toys, baseball cards, and vibrant second-hand products to the recent growing tourism market, becoming the latest trend sweeping through China, not only in offline retailing but also online businesses and e-commerce. For young consumers, the element of mystery is a big part of the fun that not everyone can obtain the most special and desirable products. The present research aims to elucidate how travel blind boxes attract young consumers in terms of their psychological connections to travel destinations. In particular, building upon psychological distance theory, this study examines the relationship between perceived similarities between travel destinations and hometowns and the attraction of travel blind boxes. Contributing to the existing literature that mainly describes the phenomenon of the blind box craze but often fails to identify its underlying mechanisms, the present study advances our understanding of such trendy marketing practices by investigating the mediating role of the “aha moment” and the boundary conditions of electronic word-of-mouth recommendations and price sensitivity.
Compensation Function Observer-Based Backstepping Sliding-Mode Control of Uncertain Electro-Hydraulic Servo System
Authors: Pan Changzhong , Wang Yanjun , Yang Simon X. , Li Zhijing , Xiao Jinsen
Published: October 2024

Observer-based control is the most commonly used method in the control of electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS) with uncertainties, but it suffers from the drawback of low accuracy under the influence of large external load forces and disturbances. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel compensation function observer-based backstepping sliding-mode control (BSMC) approach to achieve high-accuracy tracking control. In particular, the model uncertainties, including nonlinearities, parameter perturbations and external disturbances are analyzed and treated together as a lumped disturbance. Then, a fourth-order compensation function observer (CFO) is constructed, which fully utilizes the system state information to accurately estimate the lumped disturbance. On this basis, the estimate of the lumped disturbance is incorporated into the design of a backstepping sliding-mode controller, allowing the control system to compensate for the disturbance effect. The stability of the closed-loop control system under the CFO and BSMC is rigorously proven through the use of the Lyapunov theory, which guarantees that all the tracking error signals converge exponentially to the origin. Comparative simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach, i.e., compared with PID and ESO-based BSMC methods, the tracking accuracy is respectively improved by 94.86% and 88.19% under the influence of large external load forces and disturbances.
Multi-Objective Production Rescheduling: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Holguin Jimenez Sofia , Trabelsi Wajdi , Sauvey Christophe
Published: October 2024

Production rescheduling involves re-optimizing production schedules in response to disruptions that render the initial schedule inefficient or unfeasible. This process requires simultaneous consideration of multiple objectives to develop new schedules that are both efficient and stable. However, existing review papers have paid limited attention to the multi-objective optimization techniques employed in this context. To address this gap, this paper presents a systematic literature review on multi-objective production rescheduling, examining diverse shop-floor environments. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 291 papers were identified. From this pool, studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview of the problems tackled, dynamic events managed, objectives considered, and optimization approaches discussed in the literature. This review highlights the primary multi-objective optimization methods used in relation to rescheduling strategies and the dynamic disruptive events studied. Findings reveal a growing interest in this research area, with “a priori” and “a posteriori” optimization methods being the most commonly implemented and a notable rise in the use of the latter. Hybridized algorithms have shown superior performance compared to standalone algorithms by leveraging combined strengths and mitigating individual weaknesses. Additionally, “interactive” and “Pareto pruning” methods, as well as the consideration of human factors in flexible production systems, remain under-explored.
Synchronization of Chaotic Systems with Huygens-like Coupling
Authors: Pena Ramirez Jonatan , Arellano-Delgado Adrian , Méndez-Ramírez Rodrigo , Estrada-Garcia Hector Javier
Published: October 2024

One of the earliest reports on synchronization of inert systems dates back to the time of the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens, who discovered that a pair of pendulum clocks coupled through a wooden bar oscillate in harmony. A remarkable feature in Huygens’ experiment is that different synchronous behaviors may be observed by just changing a parameter in the coupling. Motivated by this, in this paper, we propose a novel synchronization scheme for chaotic oscillators, in which the design of the coupling is inspired in Huygens’ experiment. It is demonstrated that the coupled oscillators may exhibit not only complete synchronization, but also mixed synchronization—some states synchronize in anti-phase whereas other states synchronize in-phase—depending on a single parameter of the coupling. Additionally, the stability of the synchronous solution is investigated by using the master stability function approach and the largest transverse Lyapunov exponent. The Lorenz system is considered as particular application example, and the performance of the proposed synchronization scheme is illustrated with computer simulations and validated by means of experiments using electronic circuits.
Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation with Diffusion Adversarial Network
Authors: Tu Hangyao , Wang Zheng , Zhao Yanwei
Published: October 2024

Unpaired image translation with feature-level constraints presents significant challenges, including unstable network training and low diversity in generated tasks. This limitation is typically attributed to the following situations: 1. The generated images are overly simplistic, which fails to stimulate the network’s capacity for generating diverse and imaginative outputs. 2. The images produced are distorted, a direct consequence of unstable training conditions. To address this limitation, the unpaired image-to-image translation with diffusion adversarial network (UNDAN) is proposed. Specifically, our model consists of two modules: (1) Feature fusion module: In this module, one-dimensional SVD features are transformed into two-dimensional SVD features using the convolutional two-dimensionalization method, enhancing the diversity of the images generated by the network. (2) Network convergence module: In this module, the generator transitions from the U-net model to a superior diffusion model. This shift leverages the stability of the diffusion model to mitigate the mode collapse issues commonly associated with adversarial network training. In summary, the CycleGAN framework is utilized to achieve unpaired image translation through the application of cycle-consistent loss. Finally, the proposed network was verified from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The experiments show that the method proposed can generate more realistic converted images.
A Single-Variable Method for Solving the Min–Max Programming Problem with Addition–Overlap Function Composition
Authors: Wu Yan-Kuen , Guu Sy-Ming , Chang Ya-Chan
Published: October 2024

Min–max programming problems with addition–min constraints have been studied in the literature to model data transfer in BitTorrent-like peer-to-peer file-sharing systems. It is well known that the class of overlap functions contains various operators, including the “min” operator. The aim of this paper is to generalize the above min–max programming problem with addition–overlap function constraints. We demonstrate that this new optimization problem can be transformed into a simplified single-variable optimization problem, which makes it easier to find an optimal solution. The bisection method will be used to find this optimal solution. In addition, when the overlap function is explicitly specified, an iterative method is given to compute the optimal objective value with a polynomial time complexity. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the procedures.
Multiple Small Bowel Cavernous Hemangiomatosis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ré Francesca , Carrabetta Salvatore , Merlo Eugenio , Bisagni Pietro
Published: October 2024

A 79 year old female individual presented to the hospital and complained of 1 month melena and anemia due to chronic gastrointestinal bleeding because of cavernous hemangiomatosis of the small bowel. After undergoing an initial video laparoscopic jejunal–ileal resection surgery 7 days after first hospitalization, given the persistence of anemia, she underwent laparotomic duodenojejunal resection surgery again 2 months later. Multiple cavernous hemangiomatosis is a rare vascular disease (7–10% of all benign small bowel tumors), and it often manifests with bleeding, which may be occult or massive; more rarely, it manifests with intestinal occlusion or perforation. Diagnoses often require the use of multiple radiological and endoscopic methods; video capsule endoscopy has significantly increased the diagnostic rate. The gold standard of treatment is surgical resection, whenever possible, balancing the need for radicality with the possible metabolic consequences of massive small intestine resections.
Giant Parathyroid Adenoma of the Posterior Mediastinum
Authors: Jagminas Rokas , Jocienė Jolanta , Maskoliūnaitė Vygantė , Jagelavičius Žymantas
Published: October 2024

Ectopic parathyroid adenoma is a rare pathology. We present a clinical case of a giant ectopic parathyroid adenoma (PA) in an unusual location, which brought significant diagnostical and therapeutical challenges. The tumour in the mediastinum was found incidentally on chest computed tomography (CT). A biopsy was conducted, and histological examination revealed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour. The tumour was excised via right thoracotomy. The final histological examination revealed a parathyroid adenoma, which was unexpected for our team. After three years of observation, there is no evidence of tumour recurrence.
High-Grade Thalamic Glioma: Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Toader Corneliu , Radoi Mugurel Petrinel , Dumitru Adrian , Glavan Luca-Andrei , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Popa Andrei Adrian , Costin Horia-Petre , Corlatescu Antonio-Daniel , Ciurea Alexandru Vladimir
Published: October 2024

This case report delves into the case of a 56-year-old female patient presenting with progressive cephalalgia syndrome, nausea, vomiting, and gait disorders, diagnosed with a high-grade thalamic glioma. Glioma is the most common form of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm that originates from glial cells. Gliomas are diffusely infiltrative tumors that affect the surrounding brain tissue. Glioblastoma is the most malignant type, while pilocytic astrocytomas are the least malignant brain tumors. In the past, these diffuse gliomas were classified into different subtypes and grades based on histopathologies such as a diffuse astrocytoma, oligodendrogliomas, or mixed gliomas/oligoastrocytomas. Currently, gliomas are classified based on molecular and genetic markers. After the gross total resection, a postoperative brain CT scan was conducted, which confirmed the quasi-complete resection of the tumor. The successful gross total resection of the tumor in this case, coupled with significant neurological improvement postoperatively, illustrates the potential benefits of aggressive surgical management for thalamic gliomas. This report advocates for further research to assess the efficacy of such interventions in malignant cases and to establish standardized treatment protocols, considering the heterogeneity in prognostic outcomes and the advancements in molecular diagnostics that offer deeper insights into glioma oncogenesis and progression.
Impact of Acupuncture on Human Metabolomic Profiles: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Hongjin , Choi Hannah , Houser Madelyn C. , Li Changwei , Liu Tingting , Gao Shuang , Sullivan Katy , Schlaeger Judith M.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Metabolomics provides insights into the biological underpinnings of disease development and treatment. This systematic review investigated the impact of acupuncture on metabolite levels and associated metabolic pathways using a metabolomic approach. Methods: Five databases (i.e., PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central) were searched using terms such as “acupuncture” and “metabolites” to retrieve relevant journal articles published through January 2024. Studies utilizing mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance were included. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Metabolic pathway analysis was conducted using MetaboAnalyst 6.0 to identify common significant pathways affected by acupuncture. Additionally, subgroup pathway enrichment analysis identified metabolites significantly altered in more than two studies. Results: Among 4019 articles, 22 studies met inclusion criteria, examining changes in metabolomic biomarkers before and after acupuncture for various diseases and symptoms. A total of 226 metabolites showed significant changes, with 14 common metabolites altered in more than two studies (glutamine, androsterone glucuronide, choline, citric acid, decanoylcarnitine, estrone, glutathione, glycine, hypoxanthine, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, serine, proline, and sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). Common pathways affected by acupuncture were glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Conclusions: This review provides insights of the metabolomic mechanisms underlying acupuncture, highlighting its impact on specific metabolic pathways. Recognizing these changes can enhance acupuncture’s effectiveness and support the development of personalized treatments. The findings underscore metabolomics as a valuable tool for understanding and optimizing acupuncture for various diseases and symptoms.
Non/Low-Caloric Artificial Sweeteners and Gut Microbiome: From Perturbed Species to Mechanisms
Authors: Feng Jiahao , Peng Jingya , Hsiao Yun-Chung , Liu Chih-Wei , Yang Yifei , Zhao Haoduo , Teitelbaum Taylor , Wang Xueying , Lu Kun
Published: October 2024

Background: Non/low-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are recognized as chemical additives substituting sugars to avoid caloric intake and subsequent sugar-derived diseases such as diabetes and hyperglycemia. Six NAS have been claimed safe and are authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for public use, with acceptable daily intake information available: aspartame, acesulfame-K, saccharin, sucralose, neotame, and advantame. However, the impacts of NAS on the gut microbiome have raised potential concerns, since sporadic research revealed NAS-induced microbial changes in the gastrointestinal tracts and alterations in the microbiome–host interactive metabolism. Methods: Given the fact that the gut microbiome influences kaleidoscopic physiological functions in host health, this review aimed to decipher the impacts of NAS on the gut microbiome by implementing a comprehensive two-stage literature analysis based on each NAS. Results: This review documented disturbed microbiomes due to NAS exposure to a maximal resolution of species level using taxonomic clustering analysis, and recorded metabolism alterations involved in gut microbiome–host interactions. Conclusions: The results elucidated that specific NAS exhibited discrepant impacts on the gut microbiome, even though overlapping on the genera and species were identified. Some NAS caused glucose tolerance impairment in the host, but the key metabolites and their underlying mechanisms were different. Furthermore, this review embodied the challenges and future directions of current NAS–gut microbiome research to inspire advanced examination of the NAS exposure–gut microbiome–host metabolism axis.
A Review of the Mineral Chemistry and Crystallization Conditions of Ediacaran–Cambrian A-Type Granites in the Central Subprovince of the Borborema Province, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: de Lima Jefferson Valdemiro , Guimarães Ignez de Pinho , de Amorim José Victor Antunes , Brainer Caio Cezar Garnier , dos Santos Lucilene , da Silva Filho Adejardo Francisco
Published: October 2024

Ediacaran–Cambrian magmatism in the Central Subprovince (Borborema Province, NE Brazil) generated abundant A-type granites. This study reviews published whole-rock and mineral chemistry data from thirteen Ediacaran–Cambrian A-type intrusions and a related dike swarm. It also presents new mineral chemistry and whole-rock data for one of these intrusions, along with zircon trace element data for five of the intrusions. Geochronological data from the literature indicate the formation of these A-type intrusions during a 55 Myr interval (580–525 Ma), succeeding the post-collisional high-K magmatism in the region at c. 590–580 Ma. The studied plutons intruded Paleoproterozoic basement gneisses or Neoproterozoic supracrustal rocks. They are ferroan, metaluminous to peraluminous and mostly alkalic–calcic. The crystallization parameters show pressure estimates mainly from 4 to 7 kbar, corresponding to crustal depths of 12 to 21 km, and temperatures ranging from 1160 to 650 °C in granitoids containing mafic enclaves, and from 990 to 680 °C in those lacking or containing only rare mafic enclaves. The presence of Fe-rich mineral assemblages including ilmenite indicates that the A-type granites crystallized under low ƒO2 conditions. Zircon trace element analyses suggest post-magmatic hydrothermal processes, interpreted to be associated with shear zone reactivation. Whole-rock geochemical characteristics, the chemistry of the Fe-rich mafic mineral assemblages, and zircon trace elements in the studied granitoids share important similarities with A2-type granites worldwide.
A Review of Recent Advances in Chromatographic Quantification Methods for Cyanogenic Glycosides
Authors: Zhao Yao , Wen Shuai , Wang Yan , Zhang Wenshuo , Xu Xiangming , Mou Yi
Published: October 2024

Cyanogenic glycosides are naturally occurring compounds found in numerous plant species, which can release toxic hydrogen cyanide upon hydrolysis. The quantification of cyanogenic glycosides is essential for assessing their potential toxicity and health risks associated with their consumption. Liquid chromatographic techniques coupled with various detectors have been widely used for the quantification of cyanogenic glycosides. In this review, we discuss recent advances in chromatographic quantification methods for cyanogenic glycosides, including the development of new stationary phases, innovative sample preparation methods, and the use of mass spectrometry. We also highlight the combination of chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection for the identification and quantification of specific cyanogenic glycosides and their metabolites in complex sample matrices. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in the development of reliable reference standards, optimization of sample preparation methods, and establishment of robust quality control procedures. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in chromatographic quantification methods for cyanogenic glycosides and their applications in various matrices, including food products, biological fluids, and environmental samples.
Co-Assembled Nanosystems Exhibiting Intrinsic Fluorescence by Complexation of Amino Terpolymer and Its Quaternized Analog with Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Dye
Authors: Pantelaiou Michaila Akathi , Vagenas Dimitrios , Karvelis Evangelos S. , Rotas Georgios , Pispas Stergios
Published: October 2024

Aggregation-induced emission dyes (AIEs) have gained significant interest due to their unique optical properties. Upon aggregation, AIEs can exhibit remarkable fluorescence enhancement. These systems are ideal candidates for applications in bioimaging, such as image-guided drug delivery or surgery. Encapsulation of AIEs in polymeric nanocarriers can result in biocompatible and efficient nanosystems. Herein, we report the fabrication of novel nanoaggregates formulated by amino terpolymer and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) AIE in aqueous media. Poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate-co-oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate), P(DEGMA-co-DMAEMA-co-OEGMA) hydrophilic terpolymer was utilized for the complexation of the sodium tetraphenylethylene 4,4′,4″,4‴-tetrasulfonate AIE dye. Fluorescence spectroscopy, physicochemical studies, and self-assembly in aqueous and fetal bovine serum media were carried out. The finely dispersed nanoparticles exhibited enhanced fluorescence compared to the pure dye. To investigate the role of tertiary amino groups in the aggregation phenomenon, the polymer was quaternized, and quaternized polymer nanocarriers were fabricated. The increase in fluorescence intensity indicated stronger interaction between the cationic polymer analog and the dye. A stronger interaction between the nanoparticles and fetal bovine serum was observed in the case of the quaternized polymer. Thus, P(DEGMA-co-DMAEMA-co-OEGMA) formulations are better candidates for bioimaging applications than the quaternized ones, presenting both aggregation-induced emission and less interaction with fetal bovine serum.
MicroRNA Biogenesis, Gene Regulation Mechanisms, and Availability in Foods
Authors: de Mello Amilton S. , Ferguson Bradley S. , Shebs-Maurine Erica L. , Giotto Francine M.
Published: October 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by degrading or repressing mRNA translation into proteins. Research recently suggested that food-derived miRNAs are bioavailable and may be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Since these small RNAs may reach the circulation and organs, possible interactions with host genes will lead to epigenetic effects that alter metabolism. Therefore, from a precision nutrition standpoint, exogenous miRNAs may be essential in modulating health status. This review summarizes the process of miRNA biogenesis, the post-translational mechanisms of gene regulation, and their bioavailability in animal- and plant-derived foods.
A Longitudinal Study on Body Image Perception and Size among Italian Early Adolescents: Changes over Time and Discrepancies between Genders
Authors: Gualdi-Russo Emanuela , Masotti Sabrina , Rinaldo Natascia , De Luca Federica , Toselli Stefania , Mazzoni Gianni , Mandini Simona , Zaccagni Luciana
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The discrepancy between the current perceived body image (BI) and beauty ideals leads to dissatisfaction, which is believed to be common among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the stability in BI perceptions and dissatisfaction during early adolescence. Another aim was to highlight differences in dissatisfaction according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and inconsistencies in weight status perception. Methods: Two hundred and nine participants (mean age at first survey: 11.33 ± 0.38 years) were enrolled in this longitudinal study with three years of follow-up. Data on size and BI perceptions were collected through individual interviews. Stature and weight were directly measured. Results: Findings indicated significant changes over three years in anthropometric traits but not in weight status prevalence or BI perception and dissatisfaction, except for the ideal figure in males and weight control in females. The results also indicated a significant difference in BI perception and dissatisfaction by BMI categories. Self-reported body measurements were found to be unreliable with a weak-to-moderate agreement between self-perceived and actual weight status. Conclusions: BI perception appears quite stable across the three years considered. Dissatisfaction is similar in both genders, although a tendency toward different gender aesthetic ideals is already appreciable in early adolescence. We suggest that the lower frequency of normal-weight adolescents compared with peers in previous studies is attributable to the effects of the recent pandemic. Given the growing dissatisfaction with increasing BMI and misinterpretations of weight status, school actions to promote a healthy lifestyle and positive BI should be undertaken.
The Relationships among the Urinary Iodine Concentration, Selenium Intake, and Thyroid Antibodies in Adults, Including the Interaction between Iodine and Selenium: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Wang Haoyu , Teng Weiping , Shan Zhongyan
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the urinary iodine concentration (UIC)–thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) association and UIC–selenium intake interaction in U.S. adults. Methods: We analyzed 2007–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data on ≥20-year-old adults (n = 6612). Their food and supplemental selenium intake was measured. The associations of the UIC and selenium intake with thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity, thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) positivity, and TAI were assessed via weighted multivariable logistic regression. Interaction and subgroup analyses were conducted. Nonlinear relationships were explored and visualized via restricted cubic splines (RCSs). Results: Compared with a UIC 100~200 μg/L, a UIC 500~800 μg/L was associated with a 57% increased TPOAb positivity risk (OR = 1.57 [CI = 1.07–2.30]; p = 0.022), a one-fold greater TgAb positivity risk (OR = 2.00 [CI = 1.10–3.65]; p = 0.025), and a 62% increased TAI risk (OR = 1.62 [CI = 1.07–2.45]; p = 0.024). Nonlinear relationships between the UIC and thyroid antibody positivity were observed. According to the univariate models, each 1 μg increase in selenium intake was associated with a 0.049 IU/mL decrease in the TPOAb levels (β [95% CI] = −0.049 [−0.092–−0.005]; p = 0.028). In the low-selenium group, a UIC of 200~300 μg/L was a risk factor for TPOAb positivity (p = 0.046). At a moderate level of selenium intake, a UIC of 300~800 μg/L significantly increased the TPOAb positivity risk (all p < 0.05). At a high level of selenium intake, the UIC and TPOAb positivity risks were not significantly associated (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: A UIC of 500~800 μg/L is an independent TAI risk factor. The selenium intake modifies the UIC–thyroid antibody positivity relationship, with the association disappearing at high selenium levels.
Associations of Plasma Erythritol with Dietary Factors, Cardiometabolic, Inflammatory, and Gut Health Markers in People with and without HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fletcher Aaron A. , Durieux Jared C. , Bederman Ilya , Feczko John , Atieh Ornina , Baissary Jhony , Labbato Danielle , Ailstock Kate , Funderburg Nicholas T. , McComsey Grace A.
Published: October 2024

Background: Recently, elevated levels of plasma erythritol have been associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). It is known that people with HIV (PWH) have a higher cardiovascular disease burden. Whether PWH have higher levels of plasma erythritol has not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess if blood erythritol levels are elevated in PWH and to examine relationships between erythritol and dietary, cardiometabolic, inflammatory, and gut health markers. Methods: Plasma erythritol levels were measured using frozen samples from 162 participants, including 109 PWH and 53 people without HIV (PWoH) in a parent study. General linear models were used to assess the linear relationship between characteristics, cardiovascular measures, markers of body composition, inflammation, and gut integrity with plasma erythritol. Logistic regression was used to assess risk factors associated with PWH, and cumulative logit models were used to investigate which factors were associated with having the highest plasma erythritol levels among PWH. Results: Compared to PWoH, PWH had higher plasma erythritol levels (p = 0.03). Every 10% increase in VLDL (p = 0.01), visceral adipose tissue (p < 0.0001), or TNFrI (p = 0.01) was associated with an approximately 1% increase in plasma erythritol. Among PWH, HgbA1c (p = 0.003), TNFrI (p = 0.002), and IFAB-P (p = 0.004) were associated with having the highest tertile of plasma erythritol (≥3.6 μM). Compared to PWoH, PWH were more than two times as likely (p = 0.03) to have plasma erythritol ≥ 3.6 μM. Conclusions: We identified positive associations between plasma erythritol levels and several factors, including HIV status, BMI, adipose tissue, TNFr1, HbA1c, and VLDL. These results underscore the importance of further investigating the role of elevated plasma erythritol levels in people with HIV, particularly in light of their increased vulnerability to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Disordered Eating and Lifestyle Studies—2nd Edition
Authors: Gonçalves Sónia , Cesar Machado Bárbara
Published: October 2024

Disordered eating, eating disorders, and lifestyle are complex and interconnected topics that intersect with various aspects of physical health, mental well-being, and societal influences [...]
Psychometric Testing of an Arabic Version of the Attitude Toward Skin-to-Skin Contact Instrument among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Cultural Validation Study
Authors: Hawsawi Abeer , Fernandez Ritin , Mackay Maria , Alananzeh Ibrahim , Al Mutair Abbas
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The World Health Organization recommends skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth, yet the practice rate remains low in Saudi Arabia, impacting the health and well-being of mother–baby dyads. No previous studies have explored Saudi women’s attitudes toward skin-to-skin contact, a critical factor in developing strategies to increase its adoption. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an instrument to assess attitudes toward skin-to-skin contact among women in Saudi Arabia. Methods: An instrument was developed by modifying the validated “Mother–Newborn Skin-to-Skin Contact Questionnaire”. Psychometric testing was conducted to validate the instrument through a cross-cultural survey involving 383 participants recruited from two hospitals in Saudi Arabia using a convenience sampling method. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.885, indicating that the sample size was suitable for performing exploratory factor analysis. Results: The overall Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.85, reflecting adequate internal consistency of the questionnaire. The criteria of the two-factor confirmatory factor analysis were also met. The majority of women (85.6%) demonstrated a positive attitude towards skin-to-skin contact. A positive correlation was observed between higher educational levels and the total attitude score (r = 0.161, p = 0.002). Conclusions: The developed questionnaire is a reliable tool for measuring attitudes towards skin-to-skin contact among women in Saudi Arabia. The findings highlight the importance of educational interventions to improve the uptake of this practice.
In Silico Identification of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro)
Authors: Hernández-Serda Manuel Alejandro , Vázquez-Valadez Víctor H. , Aguirre-Vidal Pablo , Markarian Nathan M. , Medina-Franco José L. , Cardenas-Granados Luis Alfonso , Alarcón-López Aldo Yoshio , Martínez-Soriano Pablo A. , Velázquez-Sánchez Ana María , Falfán-Valencia Rodolfo E. , Angeles Enrique , Abrahamyan Levon
Published: October 2024

The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on the global healthcare system. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for this pandemic, continues to spread and develop mutations in its genetic material, new variants of interest (VOIs) and variants of concern (VOCs) are emerging. These outbreaks lead to a decrease in the efficacy of existing treatments such as vaccines or drugs, highlighting the urgency of new therapies for COVID-19. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 antivirals using a virtual screening protocol and molecular dynamics simulations. These techniques allowed us to predict the binding affinity of a database of compounds with the virus Mpro protein. This in silico approach enabled us to identify twenty-two chemical structures from a public database (QSAR Toolbox Ver 4.5 ) and ten promising molecules from our in-house database. The latter molecules possess advantageous qualities, such as two-step synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and long-lasting physical and chemical stability. Consequently, these molecules can be considered as promising alternatives to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
The Distribution of Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) in Cotton Fields in Central Queensland and Population Dynamics in Response to Cropping Regime
Authors: Smith Linda J. , Scheikowski Linda , Kafle Dinesh
Published: October 2024

Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) causes significant yield loss in cotton worldwide. In 2012, its detection in the Dawson-Callide region of Central Queensland prompted extensive surveys of cotton fields. The nematode was confirmed in 68% of sampled fields, with populations ranging from 2 to 3870 R. reniformis/200 mL of soil. Soil monitoring revealed increasing populations associated with consecutive cotton crops. However, when corn or sorghum replaced cotton, soil nematode populations significantly decreased. A two-year replicated field trial demonstrated that growing a non-host crop (such as biofumigant sorghum ‘Fumig8tor’, grain sorghum, or corn) significantly reduced nematode populations in the top 15 cm of soil compared to cotton. Unfortunately, when cotton was replanted the following season, nematode populations rebounded regardless of the previous crop. Only the ‘Fumig8tor’-cotton rotation resulted in significantly lower nematode populations than continuous cotton. Vertical soil sampling showed that rotating with a non-host crop significantly reduced nematode densities to a depth of 100 cm compared to cotton. However, when the field was replanted with cotton, nematode populations recovered, unaffected by cropping or soil depth. This study emphasises the importance of monitoring reniform nematodes in cotton soils for early detection and defining distribution patterns within a field, which may improve the effectiveness of management practices. These results suggest that one rotation out of cotton is not sufficient, as populations return to high levels when cotton is grown again. Therefore, two or more rotations out of cotton should be considered to manage this nematode.
Use of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cell-Regulated Gene Expression for Monitoring Immunosuppression with Extended-Release Tacrolimus after Liver Transplantation—A Proof of Concept
Authors: Kahn Judith , Matzhold Eva Maria , Schlenke Peter , Schemmer Peter
Published: October 2024

Background: There is a narrow therapeutic window for immunosuppression using calcineurin inhibitors. Drug trough levels do not reflect immunosuppression and should be replaced by pharmacodynamic monitoring. This prospective cohort study was designed to evaluate the effect of an extended-release formulation of tacrolimus (LCP Tac) on the nuclear factor of activated T cell-regulated gene expression (NFAT-RGE). Methods: The expression of interleukin-2, interferon-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and three reference genes was measured. Samples from 23 patients at defined time points in the first year after liver transplantation were analyzed using a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Results: All samples were within the targeted trough levels of LCP Tac, and their LCP Tac peak levels and residual NFAT-RGE showed a strong inverse correlation (r = −0.8). Most importantly, there was an individual immunosuppressive response to the LCP Tac. The mean individual trough effect of LCP Tac on the three target genes when all time points were pooled was 33% (26–56%) in patients without infection and 81% (53–95%) in those with infection (p < 0.011). The mean individual peak effect was 48% (44–64%) in patients without infection and 91% (90–94%) in those with infection (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Thus, tailored immunosuppression based on residual NFAT-RGE could prevent infections associated with over-immunosuppression early after liver transplantation.
Development of Haploid Plants by Shed-Microspore Culture in Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.
Authors: Ahn Woo Seok , Huh Yun Chan , Kim Cheong A , Park Woo Tae , Kim Jang Hoon , Jeong Jin-Tae , Hur Mok , Lee Jeonghoon , Moon Youn-Ho , Ahn Sung-Ju , Kim Tae Il
Published: October 2024

Anther and microspore cultures are efficient methods for inducing haploids in plants. The microspore culture by chromosome-doubling method can produce double haploid lines, developing pure lines within the first or second generations. This study aimed to induce haploid plants in Platycodon grandiflorum using the shed-microspore culture method. P. grandiflorum floral buds (n = 1503) were cultured in six types of medium to induce haploids. Anthers were placed on a solid–liquid double-layer medium and cold pre-treated at 9 °C for one week, followed by incubation in the dark at 25 °C. Embryogenesis was observed after approximately 70 days of culture, producing haploid plants through regeneration. Of the 1503 floral buds, embryos developed in 120 buds, resulting in the induction of 402 individuals. Among the media used, Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) and 1/2SH exhibited high efficiency, with embryogenesis ratios of 12% and 13.4%, respectively. Additionally, the highest embryogenesis ratio (15.3%) was observed in flower buds sized 10 mm or less. Therefore, we established shed-microspore culture conditions to induce haploids in P. grandiflorum. Using this method, haploids can be efficiently induced in P. grandiflorum, shortening the breeding period by enabling the rapid development of inbred lines.
Factors Influencing the Variation of Plants’ Cardinal Temperature: A Case Study in Iran
Authors: Sohrabi Sima , Gherekhloo Javid , Hassanpour-bourkheili Saeid , Soltani Afshin , Gonzalez-Andujar Jose L.
Published: October 2024

The establishment and spread of plants in their native or alien geographical ranges are determined by their germination. This study investigated the impact of different factors on variations in cardinal temperatures. We used the lm procedure and measured the effect size by the Eta-square approach to find the association of different factors (species, ecotypes, origin (native/alien), year, and life cycle) with the cardinal temperatures of 31 species. Our results showed that the base, optimum, and maximum temperatures responded differently to these factors. The base temperature was less impacted by ecotypes compared with the optimum and maximum temperatures, whereas the species had a higher impact on the variation in the base temperature. The effect of the origin of weedy plants on the base temperature was higher than the optimum and maximum temperatures. The effect of the year on the optimum temperature was more prominent than that on the base and maximum temperatures. The results confirmed that weedy alien plants preferred high and narrow ranges of base, optimum, and maximum temperatures and probably will be more problematic in summer crops. The results indicate that alien plants can benefit from warmer conditions in invaded areas at the germination stage. These findings lay the foundation for further studies to elucidate which factors are more important.
Growth, Evapotranspiration, Gas Exchange and Chl a Fluorescence of Ipê-Rosa Seedlings at Different Levels of Water Replacement
Authors: Silva Kalisto Natam Carneiro , Silva Andréa Carvalho da , Borella Daniela Roberta , Carneiro Samuel Silva , Santos Leonardo Martins Moura dos , Jorge Matheus Caneles Batista , Magosso Beatriz Feltrin , Pizzatto Mariana , Souza Adilson Pacheco de
Published: October 2024

In general, young plants in the establishment phase demonstrate sensitivity to changes in environmental conditions, especially regarding water availability. The effects of the seasonality of biophysical processes on plant physiology can trigger differential responses, even within the same region, making it necessary to conduct studies that characterize the physiological performance of the species at different spatial and temporal scales, making it possible to understand their needs and growth limits under water stress conditions. This paper aimed to evaluate the growth, gas exchange and Chl a fluorescence in ipê-rosa seedlings subjected to levels of water replacement (LWRs) of 100, 75, 50 and 25% in a greenhouse. The morphometric variables of plant height, diameter at stem height, numbers of leaves and leaflets, root length and volume, plant dry mass and leaf area were evaluated. The potential evapotranspiration of seedlings (ETc) was obtained using direct weighing, considering the water replacement of 100% of the mass variation between subsequent days as a reference; the cultivation coefficients (kc) were obtained using the ratio between ETc and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) obtained by the Penman–Monteith FAO-56 method. Biomass and evapotranspiration data were combined to determine water sensitivity. Diurnal fluxes of gas exchange (net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, internal and atmospheric carbon ratio, water use efficiency and leaf temperature) and Chl a fluorescence (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, ETR, Fv′/Fm′, NPQ and qL) were evaluated. Water restriction caused reductions of 90.9 and 84.7% in the increase in height and diameter of seedlings subjected to 25% water replacement when compared to seedlings with 100% water replacement. In comparison, biomass accumulation was reduced by 96.9%. The kc values increased throughout the seedling production cycle, ranging from 0.59 to 2.86. Maximum water sensitivity occurred at 50% water replacement, with Ky = 1.62. Maximum carbon assimilation rates occurred in the morning, ranging from 6.11 to 12.50 µmol m−2 s−1. Ipê-rosa seedlings regulate the physiology of growth, gas exchange and Chl a fluorescence depending on the amount of water available, and only 25% of the water replacement in the substrate allows the seedlings to survive.