bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Manipulating Silver Adatoms for Aqueous Plasmonic Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Zhang Wu , Li Haizeng , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y.
Published: May 2022

Plasmonic colors are attractive building blocks for flat panel displays due to their broad color gamut and unprecedented subwavelength resolution. The exploration of reversible silver (Ag) electrodeposition for switchable plasmonic colors is considered as a promising strategy toward dynamically reconfigurable color displays. To date, the current reversible Ag electrodeposition‐based electrochromic devices are energy‐inefficient as the platforms are realized in nonaqueous electrolytes that require high working voltage. However, the high working voltage in an aqueous electrolyte leads to uncontrolled nucleation growth of Ag particles, thus rendering its application for color displays impractical. Herein, the first demonstration of the manipulation of Ag adatoms for aqueous plasmonic electrochromic devices through underpotential deposition is presented. It is shown that the Ag nanoparticles underpotential deposition not only enables a reversible voltage‐activated wide range of dynamic plasmonic color change of 100 nm, but also facilitates size control of the grown Ag nanoparticles. These findings provide a favorable and novel platform for low energy‐consumption tunable photonic and nanoplasmonic devices, as well as a simple and reliable process for rapid, scalable, and green preparation of tunable plasmonic Ag nanoparticles.
BiOX/Bi/BiOX (X = Cl, Br) Double‐Side Nanosheet Arrays: Synthesis, Structures, and Photo(electro)catalytic Applications
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Wang Xue , Zhang Yipin , Zhu Shuao , Zhao Mengjun , Zhang Hongwen , Wang Yujie , Zhang Dapeng , Ran Weiguang , Zhang Lulu , Li Na , Yan Tingjiang
Published: May 2022

Array‐structured photocatalysts, featuring unique transport properties of charge carriers and special texture structures, have captured widespread interest in photocatalytic and/or photoelectrocatalytic applications. However, the fabrication of arrays usually suffers from complicated synthetic routes and the indispensable use of substrates. Herein, a novel BiOX/Bi/BiOX (X = Cl, Br) double‐side nanosheet array catalyst, with vertically aligned BiOX nanosheets symmetrically grown on the two sides of horizontal Bi nanoplates, is first constructed by a facile solution‐phase solvothermal route in the absence of any substrates. Both l‐cysteine and ethylene glycol are found to play critical roles in the formation of Bi nanoplates and the growth of BiOX nanosheets. Thanks to the synergism of double‐side metal‐semiconductor array, BiOX/Bi/BiOX presents significantly boosted performance for photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, far surpassing Bi/BiOX and pristine BiOX. Additionally, BiOX/Bi/BiOX also exhibits superior photoelectrocatalytic performance with excellent hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction activity. The electrochemical analysis and photoluminescence results reveal that the middle Bi nanoplate can function as a fast transport channel for photogenerated electrons, significantly accelerating the separation of photogenerated carriers. This work provides a general substrate‐free strategy to construct array catalysts with double‐side structure and reveals the outstanding advantages toward improved photocatalysis.
Solid State Melting Confinement Reaction Synthesis of CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots Embedded in Mesoporous SiO2 Microspheres for Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yang Tingyu , Zhu Yihua , Yang Xiaoling , Shen Jianhua
Published: May 2022

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have attracted widespread attention in optoelectronic fields due to their excellent optical properties. However, their instability issue hampers their further development and practical application. Herein, CsPbBr3 PQDs embedded in mesoporous SiO2 microspheres (CsPbBr3 PQDs/MSs) are prepared by the high‐temperature solid‐phase melting method due to the confinement effect. The prepared CsPbBr3 PQDs/MSs are treated by saturated Na2SO4 to form PbSO4 precipitation to fulfill the mesoporous gap. And such treatment endows the QDs with excellent water, light irradiation, and heating stability. The prepared products can maintain over 80% of the original fluorescence intensity even when it is immersed in water for 2 weeks. The CsPbBr3 PQDs/MSs are utilized in the white light‐emitting diode device with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage color coordinates of (0.3407, 0.3357) at 20 mA, and exhibit excellent photo stability at high power.
Encapsulation of AIEgens within Metal–Organic Framework toward High‐Performance White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Wenliang , Sun Chunyi , Shan Guogang , Qin Chao , Shao Kuizhan , Wang Jianguo , Su Zhongmin
Published: May 2022

White light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) have a wide range of applications in display and illumination, however, it is still challenging to achieve efficient solid‐state white light‐emitting (WLE) materials due to the conventional quenching effect. Herein, a strategy of encapsulating aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) into the pores of metal–organic framework (MOF) to achieve high‐performance WLED is proposed. Two cationic dyes, 2,3,4,5‐tetrakis(4‐methoxyphenyl)oxazol‐3‐ium (MOTPO) and 1‐methyl‐4‐(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)pyridin‐1‐ium (TPEPy) with bright blue and yellowish green emissions, respectively, are synthesized and successfully incorporated into the pore of anionic MOF ZJU‐28. The synergy of AIE characteristics and confinement effect within hybrid material result in an enhanced emission signal in comparison to each of the individual components. The single‐phase WLE material with Commission International de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.35, 0.34) and the quantum efficiency of 64.9% is realized by optimizing the ratio between the two guests, which is almost the best among the reported WLE MOF composites to date. The resulting WLED demonstrates the maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.67% accompanied by the excellent color‐rendering index and correlated color temperature of 86 and 4076 K, respectively. Moreover, the WLE flexible film is also achieved. This work will provide new insights and strategies for the design of efficient WLEDs in the future.
A General Method for Direct Assembly of Single Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Heyou , Liu Yawei , Ashokan Arun , Gao Can , Dong Yue , Kinnear Calum , Kirkwood Nicholas , Zaman Samantha , Maasoumi Fatemeh , James Timothy D. , Widmer‐Cooper Asaph , Roberts Ann , Mulvaney Paul
Published: May 2022

Controlled nanocrystal assembly is a pre‐requisite for incorporation of these materials into solid state devices. Many assembly methods have been investigated which target precise nanocrystal positioning, high process controllability, scalability, and universality. However, most methods are unable to achieve all of these goals. Here, surface templated electrophoretic deposition (STED) is presented as a potential assembly method for a wide variety of nanocrystals. Controlled positioning and deposition of a wide range of nanocrystals into arbitrary spatial arrangements − including gold nanocrystals of different shapes and sizes, magnetic nanocrystals, fluorescent organic nanoparticles, and semiconductor quantum dots − is demonstrated. Nanoparticles with diameters <10 nm are unable to be deposited due to their low surface charge and strong Brownian motion (low Péclet number). It is shown that this limit can be circumvented by forming clusters of nanocrystals or by silica coating nanocrystals to increase their effective size.
Optical Gain at 637 nm Wavelength in Polymer Waveguide Amplifier Under Commercial LED Pumping for Planar Photonic Integration
Authors: Wang Ce , Liu Xin , Zhang Baoping , Xie Guohua , Zhou Zhaoqin , Yang Xingchen , Ying Leiying , Mei Yang , Fan Wang , Lin Zhensheng , Zheng Zhiwei , Zhang Dan
Published: May 2022

Optical gains at 637 nm wavelength using light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) instead of traditional semiconductor lasers as pumping sources are demonstrated in the organic molecule 2,6‐bis[4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl]‐9,10‐anthracenedione (AQ(PhDPA)2)‐doped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and SU‐8 polymer waveguides. Under excitation of four blue‐violet LEDs with different central wavelengths, fluorescence in the red band is observed owing to the transition of AQ(PhDPA)2from the excited states to the ground state based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism. Channel waveguides with a cross‐section of 6 µm × 5 µm are fabricated. The relative gains of 5.0 and 4.0 dB cm−1are obtained in rectangular waveguides with active core layers as AQ(PhDPA)2doped PMMA and SU‐8, respectively. Optical gains have also been achieved in waveguides based on evanescent‐wave coupling. By using the vertical top pumping mode of a 450 nm LED, a gain of 2.6 dB cm−1is obtained in a passive SU‐8 waveguide with AQ(PhDPA)2doped PMMA as the upper cladding. In contrast, the replacement of SU‐8 with AQ(PhDPA)2doped SU‐8 as the active material, triples the optical gain, which reaches to 7.8 dB cm−1owing to the presence of stimulated excitation in both channel waveguide and upper cladding.
Organic Crystalline Optical Waveguides That Remain Elastic from −196 to ≈200 °C
Authors: Tang Shiyue , Ye Kaiqi , Commins Patrick , Li Liang , Naumov Panče , Zhang Hongyu
Published: May 2022

Organic crystals that are capable to deform (reversibly or irreversibly) similar to polymer materials have been widely reported over the past ten years. However, most of the reported organic crystals can only be elastically bent within a narrow temperature range, and reports on their thermal behavior that would encourage applications of these energy‐transducing elements in extreme conditions are not readily available. This work designs a linear and flat π‐conjugated molecule with double intramolecular hydrogen bonds that prevent thermally induced conformational distortions. The molecule assembles as a rigid building block into centimeter‐sized wide organic crystals that can be elastically bent over a temperature range spanning close to 400 °C, from −196 to ≈200 °C. The emission wavelength of the crystals is also temperature dependent, and can be continually tuned from 547 to 577 nm upon heating from 20 to ≈200 °C. This inspires the design of a lightweight, organic, elastic optical waveguide where the output energy is controlled by the operating temperature. The wide range of crystal flexibility expands the range of conditions for application of organic crystals as optical waveguides.
Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications
Authors: Meddeb Hosni , Götz‐Köhler Maximilian , Neugebohrn Nils , Banik Udayan , Osterthun Norbert , Sergeev Oleg , Berends Dennis , Lattyak Colleen , Gehrke Kai , Vehse Martin
Published: May 2022

Solar photovoltaics (PV) offer viable and sustainable solutions to satisfy the growing energy demand and to meet the pressing climate targets. The deployment of conventional PV technologies is one of the major contributors of the ongoing energy transition in electricity power sector. However, the diversity of PV paradigms can open different opportunities for supplying modern systems in a wide range of terrestrial, marine, and aerospace applications. Such ubiquitous and versatile applications necessitate the development of PV technologies with customized design capabilities. This involves multifunctional characteristics such as aesthetic appearance, visual comfort, and heat insulation. To enable on‐demand adaptation to the requirements of distributed applications, tunable solar cells (SC) feature exceptional degrees of freedom in the manipulation of their intrinsic properties via adjusted materials engineering. The pertinent tuning abilities include but are not limited to bandgap energy, transparency, color, and thermal management. In this review, the main principles of different tuning approaches are specified and an overview of relevant concepts of tunable SC technologies is presented. Then, the recent integrations of cutting‐edge tunable PV adapted to versatile applications are systematically summarized. In addition, current challenges and insightful perspectives into potential future opportunities for omnipresent tunable PV are discussed.
The reproductive biology of small fishes and the clutch concept: Combining macroscopic and histological approaches
Authors: Heins David C. , Brown‐Peterson Nancy J.
Published: May 2022

Accurate estimates of reproductive parameters important in understanding life history evolution and conservation of small fishes are dependent upon careful assignment of ovarian phases. Proper assignment is based upon the stages of propagule (oocyte) development, oocyte maturation and the location of any clutch or portion thereof within the ovaries. Macroscopic inspection and assignment of ovarian developmental phases have often been used for small freshwater fishes. By contrast, histological methods for assignment of reproductive phases have been developed and are widely used for marine fishes, but they have rarely been used for small freshwater fishes. We review oocyte development, ovum maturation, and the ovarian cycling process using both macroscopic and histological approaches which incorporate the clutch concept. New terminology, including three actively spawning phases based on macroscopic appearance of the clutch (actively spawning‐maturation, actively spawning‐hydration, actively spawning‐ovulation), is proposed. We assert that combining histological and macroscopic methodologies, shown to be complementary, will allow a more accurate and precise understanding of the reproductive biology of small fishes—especially freshwater fishes experiencing effects of habitat change and loss of habitat.
Improvements in soil properties under adaptive multipaddock grazing relative to conventional grazing
Authors: Mosier Samantha , Apfelbaum Steve , Byck Peter , Ippolito Jim , Cotrufo M. Francesca
Published: May 2022

Within managed ecosystems, such as some livestock grazed grasslands, soil physical, chemical, and biological properties may be severely compromised relative to native grasslands. Conventional grazing (CG) management, commonly referred to as continuous grazing, can affect soil properties and health by reducing soil C stocks and other available nutrients, while creating bare patches in vegetation that may enhance erosion and runoff. In contrast, adaptive multipaddock (AMP) grazing, an intensive form of rotational grazing that moves dense cattle herds quickly over the land followed by rest periods for the regrowth of plants, has been proposed as a regenerative grassland management tool that can improve soil properties such as soil C stocks, soil structure, as well as nutrient and water retention. Our research analyzed soils from 10 grasslands in the southeast United States representing either CG or AMP grazing management. We analyzed the A‐horizons of these soils for physical, chemical, and biological properties considered indicators of soil health across each management type. Chemical soil properties (e.g., cation exchange capacity [CEC], base saturation [BS], electrical conductivity [EC]) were improved where AMP grazing management was implemented. Additionally, farms using AMP grazing management had greater A‐horizon C and N stocks in bulk soils and across multiple soil organic matter (SOM) fractions. No biological indicators measured were affected by the grassland management except potential N mineralization rate, which was lower under AMP. Taken together, these results provide evidence that AMP grazing management could be implemented to regenerate several grassland soil properties across land currently under conventional grazing management.
On mixing rules for the hydraulic permeability of fiber mixtures
Authors: Kolitsi Lydia I. , Yiantsios Stergios G.
Published: May 2022

We perform numerical simulations of Stokes flow through ordered arrays of fibers of square cross‐section. The results for the permeability of single‐size‐fiber arrays are in very good agreement with the well‐known correlation of Jackson and James, provided that an effective radius of equivalent cylindrical fibers is used with the same cross‐sectional area. Then, we consider arrays of mixtures of different‐sized fibers and test several mixing rules, proposed for estimating the composite permeability. The two most well‐known, namely, the unweighted‐ and the volume‐averaged resistivity rules give good predictions for not too large size‐ratios, yet they systematically overestimate and underestimate the numerical results, respectively. Then, it appears almost self‐evident that a combination of the above two mixing rules would provide a better prediction. Indeed, the geometric mean gives excellent agreement with the numerical results over an extended range of size ratios and relative volume fractions.
Mechanism in chlorine‐enhanced Pd catalyst for H2O2in situ synthesis in electro‐Fenton system
Authors: Lu Linhui , Shu Qingli , Zhang Guiru , Zhang Qi , Du Ping , Zhu Xuedong
Published: May 2022

Palladium‐based catalysts have been widely employed in the electro‐Fenton process for in situ generation of H2O2. However, the process is still far from being practical on a large scale. In this work, a series of ClxFePd/γ‐Al2O3/Al catalysts were prepared by a three‐step‐impregnation method. They exhibited excellent activity in H2O2 in situ synthesis and high efficiency in phenol degradation. The characterization results showed that Cl could assist in increasing the content of Pd0 and reducing the isoelectric point of catalysts, which led to the drastic promotion in the synthesis of H2O2. Theoretical calculations further demonstrated that Cl doping could facilitate the main reaction in H2O2 synthesis, as well as inhibit side reactions such as dissociation of the OO bond. Furthermore, kinetic models were proposed and fitted. A plausible reaction mechanism as well as degradation pathways were elaborated based on electron spin resonance and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results. These findings illustrate the value of palladium‐based ClxFePd/γ‐Al2O3/Al catalysts for their application in the electro‐Fenton process.
Four stages of thermal effect coupled with ion‐charge transports during the charging process of porous electrodes
Authors: Huang Pan , Tao Haolan , Yang Jie , Lian Cheng , Liu Honglai
Published: May 2022

Due to the complexity of thermal effects in porous electrodes, the process of temperature rise in supercapacitors is difficult to be quantified by some simple but physically meaningful formulas. Here, the stack‐electrode model is applied to investigate this issue both analytically and numerically. The numerical results show the process has three relaxation times, which divide that into four stages controlled by heat generation (HG) or heat transfer (HT). Temperature rise is first controlled by HG in the bulk phase, then by HG in both porous electrodes and bulk phase, then mainly by HT, and finally all by HT. The analytical formulas of three relaxation times and temperature rise under different structural parameters and intensity of heat dissipation are obtained. These formulas are expected to indicate the contribution of the different stages to total temperature rise, thus to guide the design of cooling methods of supercapacitors during the different stages.
A survey of program directors for combined pediatrics and medical genetics and genomics residency programs: Perspectives when evaluating applicants
Authors: Niehaus Annie D. , Rassbach Caroline E. , Stevenson David A.
Published: May 2022

While combined pediatrics and medical genetics and genomics residency programs are growing in number and applicants, there are still workforce shortages within the medical genetics field. Medical students would benefit from additional information on the training pathways and insight into the application process itself. Program Directors of combined pediatrics and medical genetics and genomics residency programs were surveyed to characterize factors that influence interview selection and rank list decisions, application logistics, recruitment, and training pathways. When evaluating applicants, representatives from both pediatrics and medical genetics are involved in the screening process. Additionally, both groups value prior research experience, but do not have a clear preference for a particular subcategory or domain of research. Most program directors think that all currently‐available training pathways can provide optimal training. Further action is needed to provide medical students with the knowledge to make more informed decisions about their career and medical school advisors with objective data to counsel students. There was support among program directors to initiate consideration of creating a pathway for medical students to match directly into a medical genetics and genomics residency.
Investigating the relationship between infraorbital canal morphology and maxillary sinus size
Authors: Osbon SaCora A. , Butaric Lauren N.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the current study was to investigate relationships between maxillary sinus (MS) dimensions and the bony structures associated with the infraorbital nerve (ION). Computed tomographic scans of 87 adult crania (174 sides) from four morphologically diverse groups (West Africans, East Africans, North Asians, Europeans) were utilized. Seven primary variables were collected: infraorbital canal (IOC) type; infraorbital foramen (IOF) shape; distance from the foramen rotundum to IOF (FR‐IOF); distance from the posterior wall of the infraorbital groove to IOF (IOG‐IOF); and MS length, breadth, and height. Chi‐square analyses indicated a significant association between IOC‐type and IOF‐shape (Pearson chi‐square = 12.710; p‐value = .013), with the most common pattern being oval IOFs and Type‐I IOCs (45.68% of the sample; 74/162 sides). Analysis of covariance indicated a significant effect of ancestry (F = 8.333; p < .001) and MS length (F = 15.406; p < .001) on IOG‐IOF distance. Ordinal regression analyses indicated that MS length (Wald chi‐square = 7.103; p = .008) also maintained a significant effect on IOC‐type, while multinominal regression analyses indicated that none of the measured parameters had a significant effect on IOF‐shape. These results have clinical implications: recognizing IOC‐type and IOF‐shape relative to the MS is important to avoid ION damage during medical procedures. Overall, this study found most individuals possess Type‐I IOCs (housed in the maxillary sinus roof) and oval‐shaped IOFs. Most aspects of the ION pathway, including IOC‐type and IOF‐shape, were not influenced by ancestry or sex. However, antero‐posteriorly longer MSs tend to possess Type‐III IOCs protruding into the sinus, which could lead to surgical complications.
Effective one‐pot tandem synthesis of γ‐valerolactone from biogenic furfural over zirconium phosphate catalyst
Authors: He Jian , Liu Xudong , Bai Li , Liu Shima , Song Ke , Zhou Xianwu , Guo Jie , Meng Xingang , Li Changzhu
Published: May 2022

γ‐Valerolactone (GVL) is a renowned starting material in production of bio‐fuels, valuable chemicals and polymers. The one‐pot tandem synthesis of GVL from furfural without a cumbersome intermediate separation/purification process is highly desired, yet the transformation remains challenging owing to the complicated reaction routes. Zirconium phosphate (ZrPO), a cheap and easily prepared solid catalyst with Lewis–Brønsted dual acidity, is herein discovered to enable one‐pot tandem transformation of furfural into GVL with using 2‐propanol as H‐donor/solvent to proceed smoothly. In addition, ZrPO prepared by hydrothermal method exhibits superior catalytic performance in comparison with the counterpart prepared by co‐precipitation method, giving a 42.7% yield of GVL at 180 °C. The difference in catalytic activity between ZrPO materials prepared by hydrothermal method and co‐precipitation method is linked with their morphology and acid sites density. Furthermore, the as‐prepared ZrPO catalyst works in a heterogeneous manner and can be reused for multiple times without significant deactivation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Circulating tumor cells in neuroblastoma: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Yang Ran , Zheng Shan , Dong Rui
Published: May 2022

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, accounting for 10% to 20% of deaths of pediatric malignancies. Due to the poor prognosis and significant biological heterogeneity of neuroblastoma, it is essential to develop personalized therapeutics and monitor treatment response. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as one of the important analytes for liquid biopsy, could facilitate response assessment and outcome prediction for patients in a non‐invasive way. Several methods and platforms have been used for the enrichment and detection of CTCs. The enumeration of CTCs counts and evaluation of tumor‐specific mRNA transcript levels could provide prognostic information at diagnosis, during or after chemotherapy, and during the process of disease progression. So far, studies into neuroblastoma CTCs are only in the preliminary stages. The quality‐controlled large prospective cohort studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance and statistical rigor of CTC detection methods. Moreover, there remains a lot to be explored and investigated in genotyping characterization of neuroblastoma (NB) CTCs and construction of in‐vitro or in‐vivo functional models. CTCs and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis will be complementary in understanding tumor heterogeneity and evolution over the course of therapy for patients with NB in the future.
An exploratory clinical trial of apatinib combined with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Hu , Ke Shaobo , Cai Gaoke , Wu Yong , Wang Jin , Shi Wei , Chen Jiamei , Peng Jin , Yu Baoping , Chen Yongshun
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).

Materials and methods

Open‐label, single‐arm, exploratory clinical trial of apatinib combined with IMRT for uHCC patients. Patients aged 18–75 years with adequate hematological, liver, and renal functions and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of ≤2 were enrolled in this study from March 2017 to September 2020. Patients were received IMRT (biological effective dose: 46–60 Gy) and continuous apatinib (250–500 mg/day) oral administration until HCC progression or unacceptable toxic effects. The endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. The trial registration number is ChiCTR‐OPC‐17011890.

Results

A total of 33 patients have taken part in the study. The median age was 58 years old (range 32–77), 27 (81.9%) patients were ECOG PS 0–1, and 28 (84.9%) patients were male. In addition, 25 (75.7%) patients suffered from hepatitis B, 32 cases (97.0%) were in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stages B–C, and eight (24.2%) had portal vein involvement. Moreover, 12 (36.4%) and 21 (63.6%) patients received apatinib as first‐line and second or later‐line therapy, respectively. The average follow‐up was 11.4 months, the median PFS was 7.8 months (95% confidence interval: 3.9–11.7). The OS rates at 6 and 12 months were 96.7% and 66.2%. The ORR and DCR were 15.1% and 81.8%, respectively. Hepatic toxicity was the most common treatment‐related adverse events in Grades 3–4 (12.1%). No radiation‐induced liver disease and Grade 5 toxicity were recorded.

Conclusion

Apatinib combined with IMRT is a safe and effective method to improve PFS and DCR and has good anti‐tumor activity in patients with uHCC.
Outcomes in clients transitioning from in‐person counselling to telehealth counselling with trainees
Authors: Gerton Jessica M. , Aoyagi Keiko , León Gabriel A. , Bludworth James , Spille Sean , Holzapfel Jenny
Published: May 2022

The onset of the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated a rapid transition of mental health services from in‐person to telehealth counselling. Despite the far‐reaching impact of this transition, we know little about the impact of this transition on outcomes for clients working with counsellor trainees. The present study utilised longitudinal data collected from a counselling training centre at a major U.S. university to compare client ratings of depression, anxiety and working alliance across 1) in‐person services delivered (i.e. pre‐pandemic) and 2) telehealth services delivered after the pandemic began (i.e. intra‐pandemic) among the same group of clients. Results support our hypothesis that changes in clients' self‐reports would be generally equivalent across in‐person and telehealth services. Depression and anxiety symptoms decreased, and working alliance tended to increase during both in‐person and telehealth care; however, these trends were only statistically significant during telehealth services. Limitations related to sample size (N = 15 clients; up to 17 sessions per client) and low statistical power are discussed. Nonetheless, this study supports the growing body of literature supporting the efficacy of telehealth counselling services. We provide suggestions for future telehealth research and discuss implications for counsellor training.
Formation of Point Shocks for 3D Compressible Euler
Authors: Buckmaster Tristan , Shkoller Steve , Vicol Vlad
Published: May 2022

We consider the 3D isentropic compressible Euler equations with the ideal gas law. We provide a constructive proof of the formation of the first point shock from smooth initial datum of finite energy, with no vacuum regions, with nontrivial vorticity present at the shock, and under no symmetry assumptions. We prove that for an open set of Sobolev‐class initial data that are a small L∞ perturbation of a constant state, there exist smooth solutions to the Euler equations which form a generic stable shock in finite time. The blowup time and location can be explicitly computed, and solutions at the blowup time are smooth except for a single point, where they are of cusp‐type with Hölder C1/3 regularity. Our proof is based on the use of modulated self‐similar variables that are used to enforce a number of constraints on the blowup profile, necessary to establish global existence and asymptotic stability in self‐similar variables. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The strengthening of corporate governance based on applied fuzzy logic
Authors: Barcellos‐Paula Luciano , Agüero‐Olivos Carlos
Published: May 2022

Despite advances in research on corporate governance, there are still knowledge gaps. The article aims to broaden the debate on strengthening corporate governance and propose a tool to facilitate decision‐making. The research is novel because of the engagement of 117 master's students from a business school, contributing to competency‐based learning on Good Corporate Governance (GCG). This is applied research with the explanatory objective and quantitative approach through modeling and simulation. The OWA Operator assesses GCG principles' adequacy and reveals a ranking of 28 enterprises listed on the Lima Stock Exchange in corporate governance, increasing transparency and reducing risks. The results indicate that six enterprises would be solid in the GCG, and the corporate governance should consider strategic capability, fair dealing, transparency, and good social responsibility practices. The main contributions are reducing the identified knowledge gaps and proposing actions to strengthen governance. The authors suggest promising lines of research.
Neogene history of fluvial to shallow marine successions in the Kendari Basin, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Abang Mansyursyah Surya , Hall Robert , BouDagher‐Fadel Marcelle , Todd Jonathan A. , Switzer Adam D.
Published: May 2022

Collision between Australia and SE Asia began in Sulawesi, the world's eleventh‐largest island, in the Early Miocene and subsequently Neogene sediments were deposited largely in coastal to shelf environments throughout the island. These sediments have been assigned to the Celebes Molasse, previously considered as a single post‐orogenic unit deposited unconformably on pre‐Neogene sedimentary, metamorphic and ophiolitic rocks. The most complete and extensive sequences of Neogene sediments are in the Kendari Basin, situated at the southern end of the SE Arm of Sulawesi, where an outcrop‐based sedimentological study was undertaken to interpret depositional environments, palaeogeography and stratigraphy. The oldest Neogene sediments are shallow marine carbonates and deltaic siliciclastics of the Bungku Formation. They are unconformably overlain by the Upper Miocene Pandua Formation which consists of sediments deposited in a variety of environments including braided river channels, fluvio‐tidal channels, tidal flats, mouth bar complex and shoreface deposits. A Mio‐Pliocene subaerial unconformity separates the marginal marine serpentinite‐rich sediments of the Pandua Formation from the overlying fluviatile quartz‐rich Langkowala Formation. The sediments of the lower part of the Langkowala Formation include conglomeratic channel fill, while the sediments of the upper part are transgressive deposits decreasing in maximum grain‐size, marked by a reduction in channel/overbank ratio and increasing tidal influence. The transgressive Pliocene Eemoiko Formation is characterised by transgressive lags or onlap shell beds and deposits of a landwards‐backstepping carbonate platform. The improved understanding of the Kendari Basin will aid the interpretation of the sedimentation history of frontier basins surrounding SE Sulawesi, many of which have not yet been drilled.
Risk of unintentional antidoping rule violations by consumption of hemp products
Authors: Mareck Ute , Fusshöller Gregor , Schertel Thomas , Petring Simon , Huestis Marilyn A. , Thevis Mario
Published: May 2022

Consumption of hemp products is continuously growing, with an expanding scope of applications. Suppliers operate through different distribution channels, but the Internet is a major retail platform. Hemp products are prepared from cannabis plants and, therefore, might contain a variety of different natural cannabinoids. According to the regulations of the World Anti‐Doping Agency, all natural and synthetic cannabinoids are prohibited in‐competition, with the explicit exemption of cannabidiol. Therefore, an investigation of 23 hemp products for the presence of cannabinoids was performed to determine the likelihood of unintentional violations of anti‐doping regulations. An assay for the detection of 16 cannabinoids in nutritional supplements was developed and validated. The sample preparation consisted of QuEChERS extraction, trimethylsilylation, and analysis by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. All 23 commercially available hemp products were analyzed, and assay characteristics such as selectivity, limit of detection, limit of identification, limit of quantification, linearity, imprecision, recovery, and accuracy were determined. Twenty of 23 hemp products included a variety of cannabinoids at, occasionally, substantial concentrations, with four products covering the entire spectrum of tested cannabinoids. An ethics committee‐approved single‐dose administration study was conducted with the commercially available hemp products, investigating the presence of 16 cannabinoids in urine collected pre‐ and post‐consumption. Variable patterns of cannabinoids or their metabolites in urine were observed. In 30% of the urine samples collected 8 h after ingestion, the presence of a prohibited cannabinoid would have resulted in an unintentional violation of anti‐doping regulations.
Optimization and implementation of four duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for gene doping control in horseracing
Authors: Cheung Hiu Wing , Wong Kin‐Sing , Lin Venus Y. C. , Farrington Adrian F. , Bond Amanda J. , Wan Terence S. M. , Ho Emmie N. M.
Published: May 2022

The concern about gene doping has remained high in horseracing and other equestrian competitions. Our laboratory has previously developed a duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay capable of detecting in equine blood the human erythropoietin (hEPO) transgene and equine tubulin α 4a (TUBA4A) gene as an internal control the latter providing quality control over DNA extraction and qPCR. This study aimed to optimize the method for routine testing of regulatory samples. The use of an automated DNA extraction system has increased the sample throughput, consistency of DNA extraction, and recovery of reference materials. The use of reduced concentration of primers and hydrolysis probe for internal control minimized their competition with transgene amplification and improved the assay sensitivity. Spike‐in of an exogenous internal control at low concentration for plasma analysis has also been validated. Using the new workflow, four duplex qPCR assays have been developed for the detection of transgenes, namely, hEPO, human growth hormone (hGH), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (hIGF‐1), and equine EPO (eEPO). The estimated limits of detection (LODs) of each transgene were 2000 copies/mL of blood and 200 copies/mL of plasma. This method could detect the presence of transgene in blood and plasma collected from a horse administered intramuscularly (IM) with recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) carrying the hEPO transgene. A longer detection time was observed in blood than in plasma. The methods have been applied to the screening of over a thousand official racehorse samples since June 2020 for the presence of these transgenes.
Generation of Sigmar1 conditional knockout mouse using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene targeting
Authors: Huang Liang , Xiao Haiyan , Xie Xiaoling , Hu Fang , Tang Fulei , Smith Sylvia B. , Gan Lin
Published: May 2022

The Sigma 1 receptor (SIGMAR1) is a transmembrane protein located in the mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and plays an important role in cell survival as a pluripotent modulator of a variety of signaling pathways related to neurodegeneration. Though SIGMAR1 is a potential target for neurodegenerative diseases, the specific role of SIGMAR1 in different tissue and cell types remains unclear. Here we reported the generation of Sigmar1 conditional knockout (Sigmar1loxP) mice using CRISPR‐Cas9 method to insert loxP sites into the 5′‐ and 3′‐untranslated regions of Sigmar1. We showed that the insertion of loxP sequences did not affect the expression of Sigmar1 and that Sigmar1loxP/loxP mice exhibited no detectable visual defects compared with wild‐type mice at the early adult stage. By crossing Sigmar1loxP mice with retina‐specific Six3‐Cre and ubiquitous CMV‐Cre mice, we confirmed the deletion of Sigmar1 coding regions of exons 1–4, and the retina‐specific and global loss of SIGMAR1 expression, respectively. Thus, Sigmar1loxP mice provide a valuable tool for unraveling the tissue and cell‐type‐specific role of Sigmar1.
Removing the academic framing in student evaluations improves achievement in children with dyslexia: The mediating role of self‐judgement of competence
Authors: Rohmer Odile , Doignon‐Camus Nadège , Audusseau Jean , Trautmann Séléna , Chaillou Anne‐Clémence , Popa‐Roch Maria
Published: May 2022

Self‐judgement is known to play a crucial role in academic achievement, and as such, may be expected to have an impact on students with dyslexia. Their self‐judgements may reflect the negative stereotype of low competence that targets people with disabilities. Their repeated academic failures may lead to a negative association between “school” and “failure”. The aim of the present study was to investigate how such factors contribute to academic failure in students with dyslexia. Participants were 183 French middle school students. We assessed students' self‐judgement and manipulated the framing of performance tasks so that students completed literacy tasks in both academic and non‐academic forms. We expected a detrimental impact of dyslexia on performance in academic but not in non‐academic tasks. We also expected self‐judgement to account for this difference. Students with dyslexia perceive themselves as less competent than students without dyslexia. Significantly, structural equation modeling revealed that students with dyslexia performed poorly in academic tasks, compared to students without dyslexia. This difference no longer appeared in non‐academic tasks. Self‐judgement of competence is a predictor of the performance of students with and without dyslexia at school and their impact is related to how the academic features of the tasks are emphasized.
N and P constrain C in ecosystems under climate change: Role of nutrient redistribution, accumulation, and stoichiometry
Authors: Rastetter Edward B. , Kwiatkowski Bonnie L. , Kicklighter David W. , Barker Plotkin Audrey , Genet Helene , Nippert Jesse B. , O'Keefe Kimberly , Perakis Steven S. , Porder Stephen , Roley Sarah S. , Ruess Roger W. , Thompson Jonathan R. , Wieder William R. , Wilcox Kevin , Yanai Ruth D.
Published: May 2022

We use the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model to examine responses of 12 ecosystems to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), warming, and 20% decreases or increases in precipitation. Ecosystems respond synergistically to elevated CO2, warming, and decreased precipitation combined because higher water‐use efficiency with elevated CO2 and higher fertility with warming compensate for responses to drought. Response to elevated CO2, warming, and increased precipitation combined is additive. We analyze changes in ecosystem carbon (C) based on four nitrogen (N) and four phosphorus (P) attribution factors: (1) changes in total ecosystem N and P, (2) changes in N and P distribution between vegetation and soil, (3) changes in vegetation C:N and C:P ratios, and (4) changes in soil C:N and C:P ratios. In the combined CO2 and climate change simulations, all ecosystems gain C. The contributions of these four attribution factors to changes in ecosystem C storage varies among ecosystems because of differences in the initial distributions of N and P between vegetation and soil and the openness of the ecosystem N and P cycles. The net transfer of N and P from soil to vegetation dominates the C response of forests. For tundra and grasslands, the C gain is also associated with increased soil C:N and C:P. In ecosystems with symbiotic N fixation, C gains resulted from N accumulation. Because of differences in N versus P cycle openness and the distribution of organic matter between vegetation and soil, changes in the N and P attribution factors do not always parallel one another. Differences among ecosystems in C‐nutrient interactions and the amount of woody biomass interact to shape ecosystem C sequestration under simulated global change. We suggest that future studies quantify the openness of the N and P cycles and changes in the distribution of C, N, and P among ecosystem components, which currently limit understanding of nutrient effects on C sequestration and responses to elevated CO2 and climate change.
Relative effects of sample size, detection probability, and study duration on estimation in integrated population models
Authors: Ross Beth E. , Weegman Mitch D.
Published: May 2022

Understanding mechanistic causes of population change is critical for managing and conserving species. Integrated population models (IPMs) allow for quantifying population changes while directly relating environmental drivers to vital rates, but power of IPMs to detect trends and environmental effects on vital rates remains understudied. We simulated data for an IPM fewer than 41 scenarios to determine the power to detect trends and environmental effects on vital rates based on study duration, sample size, detection probability, and effect size. Our results indicated that temporal duration of a study and effect size, rather than sample size of each individual data set or detection probability, had the greatest influence on the power to identify trends in adult survival and fecundity. When using only 10 years of data, we were unable to identify a 50% increase in adult survival but were able to identify this increase with 22 years of data. When using only capture–recapture data in a traditional Cormack–Jolly–Seber analysis, we lacked sufficient power to identify trends in survival, and power of the Cormack–Jolly–Seber model was always less than the IPM. The IPM had greater power to identify trends and environmental effects on fecundity (e.g., we detected a 58% change in fecundity using 12 years of data). Models with effects of environmental variables on vital rates had less power than trends, likely to be due to increased annual variation in the vital rate when modeling responses to environmental effects that varied by year. Lack of power in the Cormack–Jolly–Seber analysis could be due to the relatively small variability in adult survival compared with fecundity, given the life history of our simulated species. As interannual variation in environmental conditions will probably increase with climate change, this type of analysis can help to inform the study duration needed, which may be a shifting target given future climate uncertainty and the complex nature of environmental correlations with demography.
Modeling spatiotemporal abundance and movement dynamics using an integrated spatial capture–recapture movement model
Authors: Hostetter Nathan J. , Regehr Eric V. , Wilson Ryan R. , Royle J. Andrew , Converse Sarah J.
Published: May 2022

Animal movement is a fundamental ecological process affecting the survival and reproduction of individuals, the structure of populations, and the dynamics of communities. Methods to quantify animal movement and spatiotemporal abundances, however, are generally separate and therefore omit linkages between individual‐level and population‐level processes. We describe an integrated spatial capture–recapture (SCR) movement model to jointly estimate (1) the number and distribution of individuals in a defined spatial region and (2) movement of those individuals through time. We applied our model to a study of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in a 28,125 km2 survey area of the eastern Chukchi Sea, USA in 2015 that incorporated capture–recapture and telemetry data. In simulation studies, the model provided unbiased estimates of movement, abundance, and detection parameters using a bivariate normal random walk and correlated random walk movement process. Our case study provided detailed evidence of directional movement persistence for both male and female bears, where individuals regularly traversed areas larger than the survey area during the 36‐day study period. Scaling from individual‐ to population‐level inferences, we found that densities varied from <0.75 bears/625 km2 grid cell/day in nearshore cells to 1.6–2.5 bears/grid cell/day for cells surrounded by sea ice. Daily abundance estimates ranged from 53 to 69 bears, with no trend across days. The cumulative number of unique bears that used the survey area increased through time due to movements into and out of the area, resulting in an estimated 171 individuals using the survey area during the study (95% credible interval 124–250). Abundance estimates were similar to a previous multiyear integrated population model using capture–recapture and telemetry data (2008–2016; Regehr et al., Scientific Reports 8:16780, 2018). Overall, the SCR–movement model successfully quantified both individual‐ and population‐level space use, including the effects of landscape characteristics on movement, abundance, and detection, while linking the movement and abundance processes to directly estimate density within a prescribed spatial region and temporal period. Integrated SCR–movement models provide a generalizable approach to incorporate greater movement realism into population dynamics and link movement to emergent properties including spatiotemporal densities and abundances.