bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clarification of Sumatran Mulberry (Morus macroura var. macroura, Moraceae) from West Sumatra, Indonesia using Nucleus Ribosomal ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) Gene
Authors: . Syamsuardi , Nuratika Erma , Aseny Nindi , . Nurainas , . Fitmawati , . Friardi
Published: August 2020

Background: Morus macroura Miq. is a potential tree species belonging to the Mulberry group, and consider as flora identity of West Sumatra Province with local name is Andalas. This germplasm tropical tree species utilize widely by local West Sumatran people for various purposes such as wood material to construct the traditional house of ethnic Minangkabau and medicinal substance for multiple diseases. However, the population numbers of this species were decreased and rare due to overexploitation without effort for planting. Based on this reason, it is imperative to conserve and utilize sustainable Mulberry. There is a highlight confusion to clarify that M. macroura from Sumatra population similar to Himalayan Mulberry. For this reason, it is essential to define the crucial local M. macroura from Sumatra (Sumatran Mulberry) for its conservation and sustainable utilization. Method: In this study, the leaves from seven individuals of M. macroura collected from West Sumatra were used for DNA extraction and processed to the next step of the analysis. Four individuals of Himalayan Mulberry and both of two out-group, White Mulberry (M. alba), and Black Mulberry (M. nigra) were used in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed using two ITS markers (ITS5-F and ITS4-R) with an annealing temperature of 55oC. The PCR products were purified and sequenced by Macrogen USA DNA Sequencing. The phyllogenetic relationship between seven accessions and two of out-group (M. alba and M. nigra) were analyzed using the MEGA6 program. Result: The result indicated that all of the accessions M. macroura from Sumatra were grouped into the same cluster and separated to the Himalayan Mulberry group. The differentiation between Sumatran Mulberry and other Mulberry reflected in morphological and haplotype differentiation indicated that the Sumatran Mulberry as the different group and suggested as a variety with scientific name is M. macroura Miq. var. macroura. This clarification is useful for conservation and sustainable utilization of this variety, a specific Mulberry from Sumatra.
Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.): A Potential Candidate for the Rehabilitation of Feldspar Mine Spoil Amended with Bioinoculants
Authors: Junia R. , Kasana R. C. , Jain N. , Aseri G. K.
Published: August 2020

Excessive feldspar mining is becoming an alarming issue due to the untreated mine spoil. For the success in the remediation of mine spoil, selection of plant species is an important factor. Therefore being a nitrogen fixer, legumes can be an alternative and are needed to be broadcasted for the rehabilitation of mined lands. In this context guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) can be preferred which excels in enhancing soil fertility and is already in cultivation but not experimented with feldspar due to not establishing its rhizosphere fertility. In this study to enhance the fertility status and biological activities of feldspar mine spoil plantation of guar is done with the inoculation of microbes Azotobacter Azospirillum and Glomus mosseae (AMF) and organic and inorganic amendments. This attempt has successfully enhanced the rhizosphere enzymes at the rate of 10-65% maximum with AMF+ OM+ NPK50% (T16), nutrient uptake 10-70% maximum with Azotobacter+ OM+ NPK 50% (T7) and plant metabolites 10-51% also observed maximum with T7 over the uninoculated control. Guar has also shown positive response towards the applied treatment and grown well. Based on the results it can be inferred that guar can tolerate detrimental effects of feldspar mining. Hence, it is concluded that guar can be a potential crop to restore soil health of feldspar mined land for sustainable development.
Effect of Seed Hardening and Pelleting on Growth, Yield, Physiology and Resultant Seed Quality of Cowpea under Natural Saline Conditions
Authors: Sathiyanarayanan G. , Maamallan S. , Prakash M. , Rameshkumar S.
Published: August 2020

Background: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the most important legume crops cultivated throughout the world. Cowpea is used as food, feed, forage, fodder, green manuring and vegetable. It’s seed is a nutritious component in the human diet, as well as for livestock. Seed hardening and pelleting are seed enhancement techniques used to improve seed germination and seedling vigour and growth by altering the physiological state of the seed. This alteration may improve the vigor or the physiology of the seed by enhancing uniformity of germination. Seed enhancement techniques like hardening and priming include use of chemicals that trigger systemic acquired resistance or improve stress tolerance whereas the pelleting treatments improve seed handling and planting. They also enhance nutrient availability or provide inoculates by delivering materials needed during sowing, germination and seedling establishment. Hence in order to study the combined effect of seed hardening and pelleting on growth, yield and resultant seed quality of cowpea under natural saline conditions, the present study was taken up. Methods: The present field and laboratory investigations were carried out to study the effect of seed hardening, seed pelleting and their combined effect on growth, physiology, yield and resultant seed quality of cowpea under natural saline conditions. The fresh seeds of cowpea seeds cv. CO (CP) 7 were hardened with KCl @ 1%, CaCl2 @ 1% and both KCl and CaCl2 @ 1% and then the hardened seeds were further pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 100, 150 and 200 g kg-1 of seed. Then the treated seeds were evaluated for their seed productivity and resultant seed qualities using untreated seeds as control. Observations on growth, leaf chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, yield and resultant seed quality parameters were recorded. Result: The experimental results revealed that among the treatments, seeds hardened with KCl @ 1 % + CaCl2 @ 1 % and pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 200 g per kg recorded higher growth, yield parameters, leaf chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters and resultant seed quality when compared to control and other treatments.
Host Preference and Damage Assessment of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) on Different Hosts
Authors: Babu S. Ramesh , Raju S. V. S. , Singh P. S. , Sharma Kamal Ravi
Published: August 2020

The host preference of pulse beetle, C. maculatus to selected host grains were evaluated under laboratory conditions in the Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Banaras Hindu University during the year 2018. Cowpea and green gram were most preferred hosts for C. maculatus in terms of oviposition, per cent survival and mean developmental periods. Red gram and soybean were comparatively less preferred host for oviposition (66.38 eggs/50 seeds and 69.00 eggs/50 seeds respectively) than other host grains. In terms of per cent grain damage (92.25%; 90.19%) and per cent weight loss of grains (76.27%; 75.92%) cowpea and green gram were most preferable hosts respectively after 120 days after insect inoculation.
Growth, Productivity and Profitability of Fodder Sorghum and Cluster Bean as Influenced by Mixed Cropping and Nutrient Management
Authors: Bhakar Ankur , Singh Magan , Kumar Sanjeev , Meena R. K. , Meena B. L. , Kumar Rakesh , Meena V. K.
Published: August 2020

Background: The year round green forage supply for better health and productivity of the animals can be ensured by mixed cropping of cereal and legume forages along with proper nutrient management. Keeping these facts in mind an experiment was carried out to analyse growth, productivity and profitability of fodder sorghum and clusterbean as influenced by mixed cropping and nutrient management. Methods: Experiment was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with four seed rate combinations of sorghum and clusterbean (S1 - sole sorghum, S2 - sole clusterbean, S3 - 75% sorghum + 25% clusterbean and S4 - 60% sorghum + 40% clusterbean) along with six nutrient management treatments (N1 - 100% RDF, N2 - 100% RDF + PGPR, N3 - 100% RDF + seaweed extract, N4 - 75% RDF + PGPR, N5 - 75% RDF + seaweed extract and N6 – 50% RDF + PGPR + seaweed extract) in three replications. The growth of crops was evaluated in terms of plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, leaf stem ratio and stem girth which all together contributed towards the fodder yield. Results: In sorghum crop the growth was not statistically different between the treatments S1 and S3 but in clusterbean sole crop recorded higher growth yet the influence was not significant on all parameters. Among nutrient management N1, N2 and N3 treatments recorded higher growth and thus yield in both crops which was not statistically different from N5 treatment. The correlation study indicated that cumulative influence of these growth parameters resulted in higher green and dry fodder yield under sole crop. Whereas in mixed cropping S3 treatment recorded significantly at par fodder yield to S1. The evidence presented above shows that 75% sorghum + 25% clusterbean mixed cropping treatment with 75% RDF + seaweed extract served its purpose of fodder yield enhancement.
Patterns of dental anomalies in patients with nonsyndromic oral cleft
Authors: da Cas Natália Ventura , Machado Renato Assis , Coletta Ricardo Della , Carrinho Ayroza Rangel Ana Lúcia
Published: August 2020

Aim: To characterize the patterns of dental anomalies (DA) in the mixed and permanent dentitions of patients with nonsyndromic oral cleft (NSOC). Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, case-control study included 173 patients, 61 with mixed dentition (NSOC=29 and control=32) and 112 with permanent dentition (NSOC=57 and control=55). All subjected were submitted to clinical and radiographic examination. Dental anomalies of eruption, number, size and shape outside the cleft area were considered. Results: Although there was no statistical significance among patients with mixed dentition, dental agenesis was the anomaly more common in this group. In patients with permanent dentition, a higher prevalence of DA in NSOC group compared to control group was observed (p=0.02). Gyroversion and dental agenesis were the DA more frequently observed in the permanent dentition and the second premolar was the tooth more affected (p=0.003). Mandible and the left side were more involved, and dental agenesis was more frequently found in patients with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P). Conclusion: Our findings show a higher frequency of DA in NSOCs than in the control group in patients with permanent dentition, mainly due to a higher occurrence of agenesis of second premolars in patients with unilateral NSCL±P.
Política de pesquisa e qualificação de recursos humanos em universidade nascente: uma proposta aplicada à UCDB
Authors: Ávila Vicente Fideles de
Published: August 2020

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Repensando a didática universitária: apontamentos para a construção de uma prática pedagógica transformadora
Authors: Grigole Josefa Aparecida Gonçalves
Published: August 2020

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O papel da educação na humanização
Authors: Buzinaro Wilson
Published: August 2020

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O currículo
Authors: Queiroz Dáugima Maria Santos , Carvalho Ieda Marques de , Velasques Maineide Zanoto
Published: August 2020

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Uma proposta de programação de conteúdo de ensino para "atualidades brasileiras"
Authors: Marques Heitor Romero
Published: August 2020

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Editorial
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: August 2020

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Aprendizagem significativa e a formação de ­professores
Authors: Otero Maria Rita
Published: August 2020

Esta apresentação considera a relação entre a Teoria de Aprendizagem Significativa (Ausubel, 1963, 1968; Novak, 1977; Moreira, 2000) e a formação de professores de ciências a partir de duas questões: qual seria a contribuição da Teoria de Aprendizagem Significativa (TAS) para compreender os processos de aprendizagem e conceitualização por parte dos professores? e que aspectos da TAS são essenciais para formar, atualizar e capacitar profissionais docentes que favoreçam a Aprendizagem Significativa? São destacados alguns aspectos presentes na teoria desde sua origem e a importância deste referencial para a construção de um marco teórico que fundamente a tarefa profissional do professor.
A expulsão dos mercadores do templo: um estudo da usura na pintura de Giotto di Bondone
Authors: Oliveira Terezinha , Nunes Meire Aparecida Lóde
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste texto é analisar a pintura de Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337), A expulsão dos vendilhões do templo. A investigação é desenvolvida pelo olhar da História da Educação e os pressupostos teóricos são provenientes da História Social, a qual nos permite dialogar com várias áreas do conhecimento e utilizar a produção imagética como fonte de pesquisa. Nossas reflexões serão direcionadas pelas inquietações acerca da expansão comercial do século XIII, advento que propiciou o surgimento de novas necessidades e questionou valores da tradição cristã. Em consequência, a Igreja se deparou com o embate em manter a crença em seus dogmas e legitimar atividades comerciais que mantinham o êxito da sociedade. Assim, nos dedicamos a estudar a pintura de Giotto investigando a hipótese de que a formação do homem do século XIII é direcionada pela necessidade de equilibrar os valores espirituais e terrestres.Palavras-chave: Educação. Expansão commercial. Iconografia.
O velho Jornal: voz dos anseios socioeducativos em Sorocaba
Authors: Boschetti Vania Regina
Published: August 2020

O artigo realiza breve reflexão sobre o uso do jornal como fonte de pesquisa histórica. Tendo por referência o Jornal “O Operário”, apresenta aspectos importantes das mobilizações operárias no começo da século XX em Sorocaba, os interesses pela educação e as manifestações de articulistas feministas sobre o papel da mulher, o anarquismo e a luta social.Palavras-chave: Educação. Classe Operária. O Operário.
Pesquisar, bricolar, reinventar e subverter
Authors: Scaramuzza Genivaldo Frois
Published: August 2020

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Formação de professores na perspectiva de uma ­educação culturalmente diversificada: breves ­considerações
Authors: Siss Ahyas , Fernandes Otair
Published: August 2020

O artigo é um convite à reflexão acerca da importância da formação de educadores na perspectiva de uma educação culturalmente diversificada voltada para sociedades caracterizadas não apenas pelas diversidade cultural e desigualdade social mas sobretudo, por possuírem uma herança escravista e colonial que a estrutura e às suas relações, como é o caso da sociedade brasileira. Trata-se de um dos mais importantes problemas que nos desafia a todos, professores, pesquisadores e alunos cuja centralidade é o compromisso da produção de conhecimentos nos campos conformados pela educação e pelas relações étnico-racial, social, política e ideológica problematizando, ressignificando e a instituindo em um processo efetivamente democrático na perspectiva de negros e indígenas. Esse foi o tema do V Seminário Internacional: Fronterias Étnico-Culturais e Fronteiras da Exclusão – inter/multiculturalidade e formação de educadores, realizado em 2012, na Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB) em Mato Grosso do Sul.Palavras-chave: Educação. Formação de professores. Multiculturalimo.
Estudos curriculares no Brasil: o (não) lugar dos ­conceitos de interculturalidade, multiculturalismo, hibridismo, raça, etnia e gênero
Authors: Backes José Licínio
Published: August 2020

O artigo analisa o (não) lugar dos conceitos de hibridismo, interculturalidade, multiculturalismo, raça, etnia e gênero no campo do currículo, cuja centralidade ou não produz um conjunto de efeitos para esse campo. Para fazer a análise, foram lidos e examinados todos os trabalhos apresentados no Grupo de Trabalho Currículo (GT 12) da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd) no período 2008-2012, totalizando 69 trabalhos. A análise mostrou que os conceitos são utilizados mais como adjetivos para qualificar diferentes realidades do que como substantivos e que o seu significado é pouco explicitado nos trabalhos apresentados. Também foi observada pouca presença (não-centralidade) dos conceitos e temáticas de gênero e relações étnico-raciais, bem como de questões ligadas à interculturalidade e ao multiculturalismo no campo do currículo. Ainda que essa presença contribua para a ressignificação do campo do currículo, concluímos que ela seria maior se houvesse uma centralidade desses conceitos e uma preocupação maior em explicitá-los.Palavras-chave: Estudos curriculares. ANPEd. GT Currículo.
Students with intellectual disabilities learning fractions: intentional pedagogical actions based on concepts of Vygotsky’s defectology
Authors: Selau Bento , Rodrigues Sastria de Paula , Costas Fabiane , Cordeiro Aliciene
Published: August 2020

This research aimed to understand the learning process of fractions for two students with intellectual disabilities, collectively with students without any disability. The type of procedure used was interventionist research. There were eighteen subjects in this research, which comprised of Elementary School 6th-grade students, two of whom had intellectual disability/focus subjects. The following data collection instruments were used: 10 observations, totaling 8h20m, and 10 documentary analysis documents. The results showed that the students with intellectual disabilities learned scientific concepts, which involved the concept of fractions, mainly in relation to the idea of part-whole. The study concluded that the understanding of mathematical content, especially scientific concepts about fractions in the educational process of students with intellectual disabilities, can be effective when applied in processes involving intentional pedagogical actions – based on concepts of Vygotsky’s defectology.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior Tenaga Penjual: Peran Kepuasan Kerja, Dukungan Rekan Kerja, dan Leader-Member Exchange
Authors: Wulani Fenika , Junaedi Marliana
Published: August 2020

This study aims to examine the influence of leader-member exchange (LMX) and coworker support on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) directed to coworkers, and the mediating role of job satisfaction on these relationships. The respondents of this study were 156 employees who worked as salespeople in various industries in Surabaya. The results of testing using PLS-SEM show that LMX has a significant effect on OCB directed at coworkers, but coworker support does not significantly influence OCB directed at coworkers. LMX and coworker support have effects on job satisfaction, and job satisfaction affects OCB directed to coworkers. Job satisfaction mediates the influence of LMX and coworker support on OCB directed to coworkers. Based on these results, companies need to improve the quality of the relationship between supervisors and subordinates, and between coworkers, such as by conducting training activities for them.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Aggressiveness: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Kristiadi Fredi , Kurniawati Elisabeth Penti , Naufa Ahmad Maulin
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of tax aggressiveness on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its reversal. It also finds out which one of those relationships with more considerable influence. The population of this research is manufacture companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange over the period 2008-2019. This research used a purposive sampling method and found 67 companies. We test the multiple regressions using the generalized method of moments (GMM) to analyze the hypotheses. The results depict that CSR does not affect tax aggressiveness. However, tax aggressiveness has a significant effect to enhance CSR. Therefore, the relationship between CSR and tax aggressiveness is only one direction.
Serotype Infectivity and Phylogenetic of Dengue Virus cause of Dengue Fever (DF), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) in Surabaya- Indonesia
Authors: Rantam Fedik
Published: August 2020

Infection with DENV causes a spectrum of clinical disease ranging. The aim of this study is to investigate the infectivity of DENV with degree of severity dengue infection in Surabaya. Dengue infection was established by IgM anti dengue, and two step multiplex RT PCR and Nucleotide sequence. Grading of degree severity infection follow the WHO criteria 2011. DSS cases found 3 from 36 patients caused by DENV 2. The most uninfective was DENV 1, and the most prevalence dengue infection caused  by  DENV  3.  The  infectivity of  dengue  infection shown 16 patients lead to severity with plasma leakage. All of sera patients detecting using multiplex RT-PCR were positive, but it were analyzed using Duo ELISA only 22 serum sera positive IgM and IgG from 36 sera. . The Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the isolates from 2011 to 2012 close related with dengue isolate from 1998 and belong to 2009 to 2020.In this study it indicates that DENV 2 predominantly is the cause of DSS.
Isolation and Identification Avian Influenza A non-H5 Virus from Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) at Two Live Bird Markets in Surabaya
Authors: Karsari Deya
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus from muscovy duck at two live bird markets in Surabaya. Muscovy duck is the natural reservoir of Avian Influenza virus, in which all of the 16 HA subtypes and 9 NA maintained. The Avian Influenza virus replicates in intestinal tract of the reservoirs, causing the high amount of virus shed in the faeces. This study is an observational descriptive study, using non random sampling method of determined samples. The  method used in this study were Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test. Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus was identified 19.23% (5 samples out of 26) in PS1 and  23.34% (7 samples out of 30)  in PS2. This finding shows that  Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus could be isolated and identified from muscovy duck at two live bird markets in Surabaya.
ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ ПО НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ (COVID-19) В РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: АНАЛИЗ И ПРОГНОЗ
Authors: Ковалев Евгений , Твердохлебова Татьяна , Карпущенко Гарри , Ненадская Светлана , Агафонова Виктория , Рындич Антонина , Суладзе Александр , Колпаков Дмитрий , Долгова Нина , Алексанина Наталья , Алешукина Анна , Литовко Анна , Алешукин Геннадий , Денисенко Виктор
Published: August 2020

Целью работы явилось проведение мониторинга, анализа и составление прогноза распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) в Ростовской области. В работе представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации по заболеваемости COVID-19 в Ростовской области, показана возможность прогнозирования развития эпидемического процесса в регионе с применением аналитической математической платформы SEIR.
Catastrophic Failure of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty from a Broken Screw
Authors: Ramirez Miguel A , Lu Yining , Schaver Andrew
Published: August 2020

Case:

A 63-year-old woman presented with pain and limited range of motion 2 years after undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). She underwent revision RSA for catastrophic implant failure caused by central screw breakage, subsequent polyethylene wear, and glenosphere loosening, and achieved excellent outcomes.

Conclusion:

This is a unique case of a salvage procedure with satisfactory outcomes for a rare complication of RSA. It demonstrates the importance of clinical vigilance notwithstanding the absence of radiographic abnormalities in long-term monitoring of patient implant failure.
A Big HIIT: A Fracture Dislocation of the Hip in a Young Man Participating in Extreme Conditioning Exercise
Authors: Vukanic D. , Murphy D. , Juhdi A. , Leonard M.
Published: August 2020

Case:

Hip dislocations with associated acetabular fracture are rare events usually associated with high-energy trauma. We describe an unusual case of low-energy acetabular fracture dislocation sustained by a 30-year-old athletic male athlete during a high-intensity training program.

Conclusion:

Correct execution of training programs is important. Healthcare professionals as well as participants and instructors of extreme conditioning programs should be aware of this serious complication. Avoidance of this injury may be possible with increased interval recovery and improved technique.
Posterior Malleolar Fractures
Authors: Rammelt Stefan , Bartoníček Jan
Published: August 2020

» In patients with ankle fractures, the presence of a posterior malleolar fracture has a negative impact on the prognosis.

» Computed tomography (CT) scanning is essential for fracture classification and treatment planning, as the indication for surgery depends on the 3-dimensional fragment outline and displacement, incisura involvement, and the presence of joint impaction.

» Anatomic reduction of a posterior malleolar fragment restores the incisura, facilitating reduction of the distal part of the fibula, and it also restores the integrity of the posterior portion of the syndesmosis, reducing the need for additional syndesmotic stabilization.

» Direct open reduction and fixation of posterior malleolar fragments from a posterior orientation is biomechanically more stable and provides a more accurate reduction than does indirect reduction and anterior-to-posterior screw fixation.

» Intra-articular step-off of ≥2 mm is an independent risk factor for an inferior outcome and the development of posttraumatic arthritis, irrespective of the fragment size.
The Use of Dual Mobility Implants in Patients Who Are at High Risk for Dislocation After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Young Joseph R. , O’Connor Casey M. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , DiCaprio Matthew R.
Published: August 2020

Update

This article was updated on December 22, 2020, because of a previous error. On page 3, in Figure 2, the implant that was labeled “Polarcup™ Smith & Nephew” now reads “OR30 Dual Mobility System™ Smith & Nephew.”

An erratum has been published: JBJS Reviews. 2020 Dec;8(12):e20.00028ER.

» Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the leading cause of revision surgery. Dual mobility (DM) implants have been utilized over the past 40 years as a means of addressing and preventing this morbid and expensive complication. Recently, there has been renewed investigation into the role that DM implants may play in reducing instability in high-risk patients.

» Hemiarthroplasty or traditional THA remain the mainstays of treatment for older patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. Longer-term higher-quality studies are necessary to investigate whether DM THA outcomes may be superior to traditional THA in the physiologically young patient with high physical demands and a longer-than-average life expectancy.

» The use of DM implants in preventing dislocation in patients with fixed spinopelvic alignment, neuromuscular disorders, and failed fixation of previously sustained proximal femoral fractures has shown success in studies with low levels of evidence. More robust prospective data are necessary before more widespread adoption of DM arthroplasty is recommended in these clinical scenarios.

» Knowledge of the pertinent literature with regard to the use of DM implants in patients who are at high risk for instability will allow orthopaedic surgeons to make informed decisions as to whether or not their patients may benefit from primary THA utilizing DM implants.
Post of Lampasas: Forgotten Reconstruction Era U.S. Army Post (1867-1870)
Authors: Jones Richard
Published: August 2020

While it is well known that troops were stationed in and around Lampasas during the Reconstruction era (1865-1877), the existence of an army post in Lampasas County, Texas, has been rediscovered through the recent digitization of army post returns. The post returns, available through the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration and Ancestry.com, indicated that the post operated between 1867 and 1870. These post returns are utilized to highlight significant events that occurred in this area during the Reconstruction era. Circumstantial evidence obtained while conducting this research has identified the actual location of the post within the City of Lampasas.
A Black Deer at Black Cave: New Pictograph Radiocarbon Date for the Lower Pecos, Texas
Authors: Bates Lennon , Castañeda Amanda , Boyd Carolyn , Steelman Karen
Published: August 2020

A Pecos River style painting of a black deer from Black Cave Annex (41VV76a) in southwest Texas was radiocarbon dated. Using plasma oxidation and accelerator mass spectrometry, we obtained an age of 1465 ± 40 RCYBP (2 sigma calibrated age range of A.D. 470-660). This age is younger than the accepted age range for Pecos River style paintings, which is approximately 4000-3000 years B.P. This new measurement in association with other younger dates prompts us to question whether the Pecos River style endured for a longer time period than previously thought. More radiocarbon research is needed in order to understand how this anomalous result might fit within the Lower Pecos Canyonlands rock art chronology.
Crevice Interments Deconstructed
Authors: Black Stephen , Spradley Katherine , Hamilton Michelle
Published: August 2020

The discovery of two well preserved human crania in a crevice overlooking a spring fed creek near Austin, Texas, led to medico legal, archeological, and bioanthropological investigations aimed at understanding the context and biological affinity of the crania. Archeological excavations uncovered no evidence that the crania were interred in the crevice during prehistoric times. Skeletal analysis showed they were of Native American ancestry. Radiocarbon dating indicated they are contemporary to one another and probably date to the seventh or eighth century A.D. Measured stable isotopic rations of carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) derived from human bone collagen samples from the crania are not consistent with other burial populations from the region, having higher nitrogen values than all other comparative samples. The crania also showed polish from repeated handling and several of the molars in one cranium had been glued in place. Taken together, these lines of evidence suggest the crania were removed from an unknown locality outside the Central Texas region, kept in a private collection, and placed in the crevice recently.
Calf Creek Horizon Evidence at the Gault Site (41BL323); a description of the imagery found in the Volume 5 cover border design
Authors: Ayala Sergio
Published: August 2020

Dated to ca. 6,000 – 5,750 cal BP considerable amounts of material culture associated with what is identified as the Calf Creek Horizon by Don G. Wyckoff, has been recovered from the Gault site (Wyckoff pp. 1-8, 1994). The natural response to this evidence was to expand upon previous understandings of this time period (Wyckoff and Shockey 1994) (Weber 1994) (Wyckoff and Shockey 1995) (Drass 1999). Directed by Michael B. Collins, a considerable amount of effort was invested by the author to develop a deeper understanding of the human manufacturing behaviors behind the production of the dart points of this horizon throughout the Southern Plains. An upcoming book edited by Jon C. Lohse, Don G. Wyckoff, and Margorie Duncan (Lohse In Press) will feature many insights into this horizon and these point technologies by the author from the Gault School of Archaeological Research (GSAR) and Elton Prewitt from the Texas Archaeological Research Laboratory (TARL).

The sample of imagery presented here comes from two primary periods of investigation. There is material from the Pearce Collection located at TARL, excavated by J. E. Pearce and his crewmen in 1929 and 1930 (Collins 2011). There are also specimens that relate to GSAR investigations between 1999 and the current day (Williams 2018). The assembled imagery consists of significantly refurbished Andice points, point fragments, Andice stems, several Bell point specimens that have clearly seen service in the ancient past, potential Andice preforms from the Pearce Collection (illustrated by Sergio J Ayala), a practice notching piece, and notching flakes that are a byproduct of Andice point manufacturing. These images comprise a tiny fraction of the Calf Creek Horizon materials from the Gault site. This evidence demonstrates both the discard of exhausted points and tremendous quantities of Andice and Bell point manufacturing at the Gault site. This does not include the nearly 3,000 Andice and Bell point specimens that are said to have been collected from the site during the years when the property was a pay-to-dig operation (Hester 1992) (Collins 2011).

Archaeologically, we know very little about the hunter gatherer groups that are the creators of the extraordinarily complex dart points that mark this horizon in time throughout the Southern Plains. Technologically however, we now understand that there are three dart point forms that are contemporaneous, intergrade morphologically, and share similar reduction strategies, techniques, flaking patterns, and reduction sequences. They are the Andice and Bell dart points of Texas and the Calf Creek dart points associated with southeast Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma (Ayala, Technology and Typology of the Calf Creek Horizon In Press).
RNA-seq analysis of galaninergic neurons from ventrolateral preoptic nucleus identifies expression changes between sleep and wake
Authors: Guo Xiaofeng , Gao Xiaoling , Keenan Brendan T. , Zhu Jingxu , Sarantopoulou Dimitra , Lian Jie , Galante Raymond J. , Grant Gregory R. , Pack Allan I.
Published: August 2020

Background: Previous studies show that galanin neurons in ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO-Gal) are essential for sleep regulation. Here, we explored the transcriptional regulation of the VLPO-Gal neurons in sleep by comparing their transcriptional responses between sleeping mice and those kept awake, sacrificed at the same diurnal time. Results: RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed on eGFP(+) galanin neurons isolated using laser captured microdissection (LCM) from VLPO. Expression of Gal was assessed in our LCM eGFP(+) neurons via real time qPCR and showed marked enrichment when compared to LCM eGFP(-) cells and to bulk VLPO samples. Gene set enrichment analysis utilizing data from a recent single-cell RNA-seq study of the preoptic area demonstrated that our VLPO-Gal samples were highly enriched with galanin-expressing inhibitory neurons, but not galanin-expressing excitatory neurons. A total of 263 genes were differentially expressed between sleep and wake in VLPO-Gal neurons. When comparing differentially expressed genes in VLPO-Gal neurons to differentially expressed genes in a wake-active neuronal region (the medial prefrontal cortex), evidence indicates that both systemic and cell-specific mechanisms contribute to the transcriptional regulation in VLPO-Gal neurons. In both wake-active and sleep-active neurons, ER stress pathways are activated by wake and cold-inducible RNA-binding proteins are activated by sleep. In contrast, expression of DNA repair genes is increased in VLPO-Gal during wakefulness, but increased in wake-active cells during sleep. Conclusion: Our study identified transcriptomic responses of the galanin neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus during sleep and sleep deprivation. Data indicate that VLPO contains mainly sleep-active inhibitory galaninergic neurons. The VLPO galanin neurons show responses to sleep and wake similar to wake-active regions, indicating these responses, such as ER stress and cold-inducible RNA-binding proteins, are systemic affecting all neuronal populations. Region-specific differences in sleep/wake responses were also identified, in particular DNA repair. Our study expands knowledge about the transcriptional response of a distinct group of neurons essential for sleep.
Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school age: a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Kim Min Kyoung , Choi Jae-Won
Published: August 2020

Background:Despite evidences of breastfeeding for preventing acute physical illnesses in infants, the evidence for the association between breastfeeding and long-term cognitive development is not yet convincing.Methods:The data of nationwide representative sample of 1,752 children born between 2008 and 2009 in Korea were prospectively assessed from the fetal period to examine the benefits of breastfeeding and cognitive development. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively assessed by parents. The Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Korean version of Denver II were used to assess early development annually from 5.5 to 26.2 months of age. Language development at 3 years of age was assessed with Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Tests. Cognitive function at 8 years of age was assessed using multifactorial intelligence test.Results:Children who were breastfed for 1–3 months displayed significantly higher odds ratios for delayed development assessed at 14.1 months than those breastfed for 3–6 months (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.50). Children who were breastfed for >3 months also scored significantly higher on the communication (F = 17.71; p < 0.001) and problem-solving (F = 11.26; p < 0.001) subscales at 14.1 months of age, and the expressive language subscale (F = 12.85; p < 0.001) at 3 years, compared to children breastfed for 3 months or less. The performances on the calculation subscale (F = 2.43; p = 0.033) at 8 years of age differed significantly among the groups of breastfeeding duration. Conclusion:We found that cognitive development was improved in children that were breastfed for >3 months. Although these results are supported by previous studies, it is important to note that other factors were reported as larger determinants of cognitive development than breastfeeding. Future studies that examine the underlying mechanism for the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development are warranted.
The annual cost of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia 
Authors: Siregar Adiatma , Pitriyan Pipit , Hardiawan Donny , Zambrano Paul , Vilar-Compte Mireya , Belismelis Graciela Ma Teruel , Moncada Meztli , Tamayo David , Carroll Grace , Perez-Escamilla Rafael , Marthisen Roger
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe economic cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia is estimated at US$1.5–9.4 billion annually, the highest in South East Asia. Half of the 33.6 million working women of reproductive age (WRA) in Indonesia (15-49 years) are informal employees, meaning they are working as casual workers or they are self-employed (small scale business) and assisted by unpaid/family worker(s). No specific maternity protection entitlements are currently available for WRA working informally in Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the cost of providing maternity leave cash transfer (MCT) for WRA working in the informal sector in Indonesia.MethodThe costing methodology used is the adapted version of the World Bank methodology by Vilar-Compte et al (2019), following pre-set steps to estimate costs using national secondary data. We used the 2018 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey to estimate the number of women working informally who gave birth within the last year. The population covered, potential cash transfer’s unitary cost, the incremental coverage of the policy in terms of time and coverage, and the administrative costs were used to estimate the cost of MCT for the informal sector. ResultAt 100% coverage for 13 weeks of leave, the annual cost of MCT ranged from US$175million (US$152/woman) to US$669million (US$583/woman). The share of the annual costs did not exceed 0.5% of Indonesian Gross Domestic Product (GDP).ConclusionThe yearly cost of providing MCT for eligible WRA working in the informal sector is economically attractive as it amounts to less than 0.5% of GDP nominal of Indonesia. While such a program would be perceived as a marked increase from current public health spending at the onset, such an investment could substantially contribute to the success of breastfeeding and substantial corresponding public health savings given that more than half of working Indonesian WRA are employed in the informal sector. Such policies should be further explored while taking into consideration realistic budget constraints and implementation capacity.
Cessation of breastfeeding and associated factors in the era of elimination of mother to child transmission of HIV at Ndejje Health Center, Uganda: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ngbapai Jackslina Gaaniri , Izudi Jonathan , Okoboi Stephen
Published: August 2020

BackgroundBreastfeeding an infant exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) carries the risk of HIV acquisition whilst not breastfeeding poses a higher risk of death from malnutrition, diarrhea, and pneumonia. In Uganda, mothers living with HIV are encouraged to discontinue breastfeeding at 12 months but data are limited. We examined the frequency and factors associated with cessation of breastfeeding at one year among mothers living with HIV at Ndejje Health Center IV, a large peri-urban health facility in Uganda.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved all mothers living with HIV and enrolled in HIV care for ≥ 12 months between June 2014 and June 2018. We abstracted data from registers, held focus group discussions with mothers living with HIV and key informant interviews with healthcare providers. Cessation of breastfeeding was defined as the proportion of mothers living with HIV who had discontinued breastfeeding at one year. We summarized quantitative data descriptively, tested differences in outcome using Chi-square and t - tests, and established independently associated factors using modified Poisson regression analysis at 5 % statistical significance level. We thematically analyzed qualitative data to enrich and triangulate the quantitative results. ResultsOf 235 participants, 150 (63.8 %) had ceased breastfeeding at one year and this was independently associated with the infant being male (Adjusted Risk Ratio [aRR] 1.25, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.50), the mother being multiparous (aRR 1.26, 95 % CI 1.04-1.53), and the initiation of breastfeeding being on the same-day as birth (aRR 0.06, 95 % CI 0.01-0.41). The reasons for ceasing breastfeeding included male infants over breastfeed than females, maternal literacy and knowledge adequacy about breastfeeding, support and reminders from the partner, and boys can bite once they get teeth. ConclusionSuboptimal proportion of infants were ceased from breastfeeding at one year and this might increase the risk of mother to child transmission of HIV. Cessation of breastfeeding was more likely among male infants and multiparous mothers but less likely when breastfeeding was initiated on the same-day as birth. Interventions to enhance cessation of breastfeeding should target none multiparous mothers and those with female infants.
Do the dynamics of vaccine programs improve the full immunization of children under the age of five in Cameroon?
Authors: DEFFO Rodrigue NDA'CHI , KAMGA Benjamin FOMBA
Published: August 2020

Background: Among the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), three were devoted to health. Two amongst which MDG4 in relation to the reduction of infant mortality has not been achieved in Least Developed Countries (LDC). In Africa, a significant part of infant mortality is due to vaccine-preventable diseases administered free of charge by the Extended Program on Immunization (EPI). As such, in the "social equity" pillar of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the MDGs related to health have yet been taken into account. The achievement of these objectives requires an understanding of the immunization behavior of children under five years of age through an analysis of immunization dynamics between 1991 and 2011.Methods: We use data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 1991, 1998, 2004 and 2011 carried out by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). The module concerning EPI vaccines was administered to 3350, 2317, 8125 and 25524 under 5 in 1991, 1998, 2004 and 2011 respectively. The Immunization analysis was made from the logistic model for complete immunization and the Oaxaca's decomposition to assess the contribution of the unexplained part, which is that of the strategies/programs implemented between 1991 and 2011 by the EPI to improve immunization.Results: In general, children with vaccination card are more than 7 times likely to be fully immunized than their counterparts who do not have any. This result was higher in 1991 (approximately 57) and lowest in 2011 (5). In addition, the child's birth order reduces his/her probability of being fully immunized and the impact increases with the latter's birth order. On the other hand, the mother's age as well as her level of education increase the child's likelihood of receiving all basic vaccines. Moreover, the contributions of EPI partners in terms of immunization support as well as strategies to promote immunization through communication for development are of a particular importance in increasing immunization coverage. They significantly explain 67.62% of the 0.105 gain recorded within the 2011-2004 period and 72.46% of the 0.069 gain recorded within the 2004-1998 period.Conclusion: The contribution of EPI partner organizations is fundamental for the achievement of EPI objectives. Since they contribute to increase the likelihood of fully immunized children. The link with child immunization is done through the specific characteristics to the mother.
Effect of Maternal Sleep, Physical Activity and Screen Time during Pregnancy on the Risk of Childhood Respiratory Allergies: a Sex-specific Study
Authors: Chen Yiting , Lyu Jiajun , Xia Yuanqing , Zhu Jianzhen , Tong Shilu , Yin Yong , Qu Jiajie , Li Shenghui
Published: August 2020

Background: Early life exposure in the uterus had a long-term effect on children's health. As the prevalence of allergies is increasing with a remarkable sex difference, very few studies have traced back to their early origins. We sought to investigate if maternal behavioral exposure, herein sleep, physical activity, and screen time during pregnancy is associated with childhood respiratory allergies. The sex difference would be examined. Methods: 6236 mother-child pairs from Shanghai Children Allergy Study (SCAS) were enrolled, The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was adopted to evaluate respiratory allergic diseases. Results: 14.6%, 16.2%, and 21.0% of children had asthma, wheeze, and allergic rhinitis, respectively. Maternal short sleep duration, lack of physical activity, and too much screen exposure during pregnancy could increase the risk of childhood respiratory allergies, however, the significance was found only in males. Moreover, a dose-response trend was clearly shown, any two of the three combined could increase the risk (OR,1.921; 95%CI,1.217-3.033), and the coexistence of all three further amplified the risk (OR,2.412; 95%CI,1.489-3.906). The findings can be verified in allergen test subgroup and each single type of respiratory allergies in most cases. Conclusions: Maternal unhealthy behaviors during pregnancy could increase the risk of childhood respiratory allergies with a dose-response pattern. Males were more susceptible to the association. The identification of modifiable maternal risk behaviors lies in the emphasis of intervention in early life to face up increasing childhood allergies.