bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial load of frozen thawed Sahiwal semen extended in egg yolk, soya lecithin and liposome based extender
Authors: Singh A. , Bhakat M. , Mandal S. , Mohanty T. K. , Behare P. , Mandal G. , Rahim A. , Yadav S. , Gupta A. , Gupta M. , Abdullah M.
Published: July 2017

Present investigation was carried out to study the bacterial load of different semen extender in frozen thawed semen samples of Sahiwal bulls maintained at Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana. Twenty four ejaculates from four bulls were collected during morning hours using sterilized artificial vagina and the ejaculates were evaluated. Semen samples showing more than 70 per cent progressive motility and having more than 800 million sperms per ml were used for further processing and freezing. The samples were split into six aliquots and extended in six different extenders [Conventional egg yolk (CEY), egg yolk of hen supplemented with omega enriched diet (group I), Egg yolk of hen supplemented with herbal feed (group II), 1% soya lecithin (SY1), commercially available Bioxcell (SY2) and Optixcell (LP)]. One ml of post thaw semen (four straws) was serially diluted (ten-fold) with normal saline, loaded in sterilized nutrient agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Number of colonies were counted in duplicate and multiplied by dilution factor. The Standard plate counts (CFU/ml) of frozen thawed semen samples extended in different extenders were analyzed by one way analysis of variance. The results revealed that bacterial load of SY1, SY2 and LP was significantly (p less than 0.05) different from egg yolk based extenders. The highest microbial load of frozen thawed semen samples was recorded in group II (646.30±71.65) egg yolk extender and lowest in optixcell (91.67±6.72) extender. Microbial load in all the extenders are well within the standard limit (5000CFU/ml) of frozen thawed semen sample. Lower bacterial load in present finding may be due to maintenance of better HACCP protocol for hygiene during preparation, semen collection and semen processing.
Transcriptome analysis of castrated Bovine reveals the characters of protein accumulation
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhang Yuanqing , Zhang Xizhong , Jin Guang , Wang Dongcai , Li Bo , Xu Fang , Huang Lisha , Liu Wenzhong
Published: July 2017

RNA-Seq, a new developing high-throughput sequencing technology in recent years, provides a new and more effective method for research in the genes’ expression. The technology has been used to further improve our understanding on the function of the gene structure information and excavate the new transcripts and new genes. In this study, RNA-seq was employed to study the changes of the proteins after castration in cattle. The results showed the differential expression proteins between castrated cattle and noncastrated cattle were mainly lied in immunity, lipid and fatty acid metabolism and protein synthesis. Through GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the differential expression proteins were enriched in PPAR pathway which involved in meat quality traits and lipid metabolism and immunity. In addition, the genes were mainly involved in metabolic pathways, such as ECM-receptor, interaction MAPK, signaling pathway PPAR, protein phosphorylation. The function of the proteins involved in castration were not clear and needed further researches.
Real time PCR assay for differentiation of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Maan Sushila , Kumar Aman , Batra Kanisht , Deepika Deepika , Dalal Anita , Gupta Akhil , Bansal Nitish , Sheoran Nancy , Maan N.
Published: July 2017

Brucellosis is one of the zoonotic diseases of major concern and can cause huge economic losses to livestock industry. Serological tests and bacterial isolation are considered as the gold standard assay for diagnosis of Brucella spp. but they are time-consuming, hazardous and lack specificity. To control and eradicate a disease, a confirmatory diagnostic method which is sensitive, quick and specific is the foremost requirement. Therefore in this study, we evaluated the performances of two newly designed TaqMan real-time PCR assays targeting the BruAB_0168 gene and BMEII0466 gene for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis (respectively). Both the assays were found to be highly specific in differentiation of respective species. Both the assays can detect as low as 0.02 fg of DNA and there was no detectable difference found in sensitivity of these two tests. R2 value and efficiency of these tests ranged from 0.992 - 0.998 and 100- 106%, respectively showing that these assays are highly efficient. Compared to conventional PCR assays these qPCR assays were 100 times higher sensitive. In conclusion, the present study showed that the developed real-time PCR assays are more sensitive, specific, have high reproducibility and repeatability and are faster than serological and conventional PCR methods for differentiation of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis.
Evaluation of various molting methods with perspective of post-molting performance in Japanese quails
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Akhtar Raheela , Younus Muhammad , Neubauer Heinrich , Hafez Hafez , El-Adawy Hosny , Bokhari Gul , Ijaz Muhammad
Published: July 2017

The post-molting performance of 360 female Japanese quails was assessed using five molting methods including feed restriction along with supplementation of dietary levels of aluminum sulfate (AlSO4) and zinc oxide (ZnO) with two concentrations of 0.15% and 0.3%. None of the parameters studied were positively influenced by a single molting method. Body weight gain and feed efficiency were positively affected by higher concentration of ZnO while feed consumption was positively influenced by higher concentration of AlSO4. Similarly high feed efficiency was attributed to higher concentrations of both ZnO and AlSO4. On other hand body weight gain and feed efficiency were negatively influenced by 0.15% ZnO while egg production was worst by 0.15% AlSO4. As each of the molting method had different influence on the tested parameters and none of them could apply individually with perspective of better performance therefore the combinational use of molting methods is recommended according to the focused parameter
Antibacterial potential of venom extracted from wolf spider, Lycosa terrestris (Araneae: Lycosiade)
Authors: Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Zaheer Arooj , Khan Azhar , Abbas Mazhar
Published: July 2017

The wolf spider Lycosa terrestris (Araneae: Lycosidae) is a well known arthropod containing toxic compounds. It has significant predatory potential in addition to its uses in medicinal and insecticidal formulation. Current investigations were aimed to extract and partially characterize the venom of L. terrestris and the susceptibility tests to evaluate antibacterial potential of venom supernatant and venom pellets against four pathogenic bacterial strains i.e., Gram negative Acinetobacter sp. and Pasteurella sp. and Gram Positive Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. Results of this study revealed that the venom of L. terrestris contained six relatively high molecular weight peptides ranging from 125 kDa to 35 kDa. Moreover, results of the susceptibility test confirmed the bacteriostatic action of venom supernatant against aerobic Gram negative Acinetobacter sp. in dose dependent manner. A reduced trend of bacteriostatic inhibition was also observed for venom pellets against Acinetobacter sp
Women in Islamic Education Management: Learning from Pesantren Practices
Authors: Hidayah Siti Nur , Arifi Ahmad
Published: July 2017

This paper focuses on two issues. Firstly, the role performed by women (nyais) in managing pesantren by considering the issue of work division, authority and responsibility principles in management practices.  Secondly, it observes on how knowledge is managed and preserved in pesantren. This paper is based on reviews of the previous research about women and pesantren. Thi study shows that there are three types of nyai’s role in managing pesantren education. First, a nyai who hold clear responsibility, work division and at the same time owned authority in managing a male and female students. Second, a nyai who has a clear division of work, and responsibility but does not have authority in managing a male and female students. And third, a nyai who leads a sepcific female pesantren and hold authority, responsibility and task in developing her pesantren. It is through various method of learning, espceially memorization of knowledge and the Qur’an, that tradition and knowledge of Islamic tradional subjects in pesantren are preserved and practiced.
Análisis de la estrategia de política monetaria del Banco Central Europeo (1999-2005)
Authors: García Iglesias Jesús Manuel , Pateiro Rodríguez Carlos
Published: July 2017

Los objetivos principales de esta investigación son examinar críticamente la estrategia oficial de política monetaria del Banco Central Europeo (BCE), en sus tres componentes: La definición de estabilidad de precios, el esquema de análisis y la comunicación de sus decisiones y resultados, y el análisis de sus decisiones con el objetivo de descubrir si tras su estrategia oficial subyace una estrategia implícita diferente. El trabajo empírico para explicar las decisiones respecto a las tasas de interés, en el período 1999-2005, adopta tres enfoques: calibrado, intratemporal, e intertemporal con el método de los momentos generalizado. Las conclusiones son claras: el objetivo de inflación implícito se sitúa en torno de 1.9%, muy cerca del 2%, como expuso el BCE en la revisión-explicación de su estrategia en 2003. Se demuestra que el enfoque es hacia adelante (forward-looking) respecto a la inflación subyacente y hacia atrás (backward looking) respecto al ciclo de la producción, con tendencia a alargar el horizonte temporal en ambos casos. Se obtiene pruebas claras de que el valor del coeficiente de aversión a la inflación sigue el principio de Taylor y, finalmente, que la ponderación del crecimiento en las decisiones sobre tasas es reducida.
Liberación comercial y convergencia regional del ingreso en México
Authors: Gómez Manuel , Ventosa-Santaulària Daniel
Published: July 2017

En este estudio se analiza la hipótesis de convergencia entre regiones de la República Mexicana desde 1940, con particular interés en el periodo posterior a la liberación económica. Un análisis de series de tiempo muestra que la diferencia en ingreso per cápita entre la región capital y cada una del resto de las regiones tiende a disminuir a lo largo del tiempo. Usando los conceptos de convergencia determinista y estocástica, describimos las características de crecimiento de cada una de las regiones. Encontramos evidencia para afirmar que las reformas comerciales de mediados de los años ochenta afectaron negativamente el proceso de convergencia de algunas regiones, sobre todo las más pobres. Además, no existe evidencia estadística para afirmar que la liberación favoreció significativamente la convergencia entre las regiones fronterizas de México y los Estados Unidos.
Apertura comercial, desigualdad y pobreza. Reseña de los enfoques metodológicos, el estado del conocimiento y la asignatura pendiente
Authors: De Hoyos Rafael , Lustig Nora
Published: July 2017

El estudio presenta una reseña de los principales enfoques metodológicos que se han utilizado para evaluar el impacto de la apertura comercial sobre la distribución del ingreso y la pobreza en América Latina. La gran cantidad de estudios en la materia fueron clasificados según el indicador de bienestar utilizado: desigualdad (salarial e ingresos de los hogares) o pobreza. La reseña demuestra que un enfoque metodológico con el suficiente rigor analítico debe tomar en cuenta: el grado de transmisión de cambios aranceles a cambios precios domésticos, todas las fuentes de ingreso, posibles efectos en el empleo, consecuencias diferenciadas en hombres y mujeres y en distintas regiones geográficas, y efectos de segundo orden, así como también efectos de equilibrio general. Dos metodologías representan los esfuerzos más recientes en esta dirección: i) los modelos de generación de ingreso del hogar (Porto, 2007), los cuales vinculan de manera implícita los cambios arancelarios con los cambios en el ingreso de los hogares y son capaces de evaluar –de modo empírico– los distintos canales de transmisión entre la política comercial y la desigualdad y la pobreza, y ii) el enfoque macro-micro (Bourguingon et al, 2008) que combina modelos de equilibrio general con modelos de microsimulación y permite evaluar la política comercial tomando en cuenta los efectos de equilibrio general. Estos dos enfoques pueden ser utilizados de manera complementaria para medir los efectos distributivos y de pobreza provenientes de la política comercial en el corto y el largo plazos, respectivamente.
Convergencia, divergencia y estratificación. Estudio comparativo de la dinámica de crecimiento de la manufactura en los municipios mexicanos y los condados estadunidenses
Authors: Cermeño Rodolfo , Mayer Foulkes David , Martínez González Ariadna
Published: July 2017

En este artículo se analiza la dinámica del valor agregado manufacturero per capita como proxy del ingreso per capita de los municipios de México y condados de Estados Unidos. Específicamente, se busca determinar si existe convergencia (absoluta o condicional), divergencia o estratificación. Se utiliza un modelo de panel dinámico sin regresores exógenos y se considera el problema del sesgo en este contexto específico. En general se concluye que la dinámica del valor agregado per capita de los condados de Estados Unidos muestra convergencia condicional y poca dispersión de sus estados estacionarios. En cambio, en el caso de México se encuentra una dinámica congruente con crecimiento estratificado. El estudio también encuentra que el crecimiento de la manufactura en los condados de EEUU y los municipios de México diverge en el tiempo.
Acceso y participación de los sectores populares mexicanos en el mercado formal de crédito
Authors: Cotler Pablo , Rodríguez-Oreggia Eduardo
Published: July 2017

Existe un creciente interés por elaborar políticas públicas que aumentan la participación de la población de escasos recursos en los mercados crediticios formales. Tomando en consideración la diferencia que existe entre el acceso y el uso, utilizamos una base de panel de datos para examinar qué factores determinan que los sectores populares – que cuentan con acceso a servicios crediticios institucionales- hagan uso de dichos productos financieros. Para verificar la solidez d el los resultados se analiza además qué factores determinan la movilidad o inmovilidad de la decisión de participar a lo largo del tiempo. Entre los múltiples determinantes destacan un índice de riqueza familiar, la existencia de perturbaciones en la localidad, la posición en el trabajo y la recepción de transferencias provenientes de Estado.
Efecto del incremento en el precio de los alimentos en la pobreza en México
Authors: Chávez Martín del Campo Juan Carlos , Villarreal Páez Héctor Juan , Cantú Calderón Ricardo , González Sánchez Horacio Edgardo
Published: July 2017

En México, el reciente aumento internacional en el precio de los alimentos ha afectado más que proporcionalmente a los sectores más marginados de la población. La presente investigación evalúa el efecto de dicho aumento en la pobreza, considerando la capacidad de sustitución en el consumo de las familias. Además, se analiza la eficiencia en la focalización de diferentes mecanismos de asignación de recursos públicos, y se encuentra que la utilización del padrón de beneficiarios de algunos programas sociales como Oportunidades representa una mejora en relación con otros esquemass de asignación, como los subsidios a los alimentos y las transferencias universales. Sin embargo, un porcentaje importante de la población en situación de pobreza alimentaria no está protegido por la red de programas soaciales, por lo que uno de los desafíos fundamentales del gobierno federal será el de ampliar su cobertura en el corto y medianos plazos.
Rinsing effect of 60% bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum wight) aqueous decoction in inhibiting the accumulation of dental plaque during fixed orthodontic treatment
Authors: Avriliyanti Fitria , Suparwitri Sri , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali
Published: July 2017

Background: Fixed orthodontic appliance patients have a high risk to increasing plaque accumulation in tooth surface due to the presence of fixed appliance components. Using mouthwash with antibacterial agent from herbal material can control dental plaque accumulation. Bay leaf (BL) contains active compounds such as essential oil, tannin and flavonoid that have been known as an antibacterial agent. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rinsing with 60% of BL aqueous decoction to the accumulation of dental plaque in fixed orthodontic appliance patients. Method: This research was an experimental clinical research with pretest and post-test control group design conducted on 20 subjects with age ranged between 18-25 years old. All subjects were undergoing the last stage (finishing) of fixed active orthodontic treatment. The subjects were instructed to rinse with 60% of BL aqueous decoction and 0.2% chlorhexidine as a control. Wash out period that needed between rinsing with 60% of BL aqueous decoction and rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine was 7 days. Each mouthwash used routinely for 7 days with same duration and intensity. Plaque scoring was measured before and after each treatment using Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI). Result: One-way Anova test showed that there was a significant difference in the plaque index before and after treatment between the group of rinsing with 60% of BL aqueous decoction and group of rinsing with chlorhexidine (p<0.05). Conclusion: Rinsing with 60% BL aqueous decoction can decrease the accumulation of dental plaque in fixed orthodontic appliance patients.
Effect of electrolyzed reduced water on Wistar rats with chronic periodontitis on malondialdehyde levels
Authors: Ridwan Rini Devijanti , Juliastuti Wisnu Setyari , Setijanto R. Darmawan
Published: July 2017

Background: Periodontal disease is a progressive destructive change that causes loss of bone and periodontal ligaments around the teeth that can eventually lead to its loss. The main bacteria in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a pathogen associated with aggressive periodontitis, initiates a proinflammatory response that causes tissue destruction of periodontal, alveolar bone resorption and subsequent tooth loss. Electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) is an alkaline water, ERW not only has a high pH and low oxidation reduction potential (ORP), but also contains several magnesium ions. Magnesium ions proven effective for the prevention of various diseases. Purpose: To analyze the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in Wistar rats with cases of chronic and aggressive periodontitis that consumed ERW. Method: Wistar rats were divided into four groups, each group with 10 rats. The first and second group were Wistar rat with chronic periodontitis and consume drinking water and ERW. The third and fourth group were Wistar rat with aggressive periodontitis and consume drinking water and ERW. This experiment is done by calculating the levels of MDA. The calculation of the levels of MDA is done with spectrophotometric assay for MDA. Result: The results of this experiment show that the level of MDA in serum in group that consume ERW had decreased significantly different with thegroup that consume drinking water with the statistical test. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ERW can decrease the MDA level in Wistar rat with chronic and aggressive periodontitis case.
Socioeconomic characteristics of the parents and the risk prediction of early childhood caries
Authors: Wibowo Wahyu Aji , Roestamadji Retno Indrawati , Rahayu Retno Pudji
Published: July 2017

Background: The high prevalence of early childhood caries still becomes a major health problem. It is because children prefer to consume sweet foods, which are also cariogenic. The oral mucosa is a mirror of general health or any systemic disease which usually shows visible symptoms in the oral cavity. Dental caries in children is often related to the socioeconomic characteristics of the parents. Some references suggest that there is a relationship between the socioeconomic status with the incidence of caries. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of socioeconomic characteristics of the parents with the risk prediction of early childhood caries by using cariogram approach to the elementary school students in Wonosobo. Method: The research is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional approach survey method. The research sampling uses proportional random sampling with 201 respondents of fifth graders. The socioeconomic status is measured through questionnaires, while the risk prediction of early childhood caries is measured by using cariogram. The research data analysis uses Spearman rank. Result: The results of the study show that the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents’ parents mostly belong in the middle category as many as 145 respondents (72.1%), lower category as many as 31 respondents (15.4%) and in the upper category as many as 25 respondents (12.4%). Prediction of the respondents avoiding early childhood caries is 55%, while the prediction of the respondents being risked of having early childhood caries is 45%. The results of data analysis show that the relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents’ parents and the risk of having early childhood caries for the respondents is p<0.05. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents’ parents with the early childhood caries, which shows that the higher the socioeconomic status of the parents, the lower the risk of the respondents from having early childhood caries.
Anti-glucan effects of propolis ethanol extract on Lactobacillus acidophillus
Authors: Widjiastuti Ira , Soetojo Adioro , Cahyani Febriastuti
Published: July 2017

Background: In deep dentinal caries cases, bacteria mostly found are Lactobacillus acidophilus classified as gram positive bacteria and as facultative aerobes producing glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme. GTF enzyme can alter sucrose into glucans. Glucan is sticky and insoluble in water. As a result, GTF enzyme can facilitate plaque formation and microorganism colonization on tooth surface. In addition, Lactobacillus acidophilus also can form acid leading to demineralization of organic and inorganic materials, resulting in dental caries. Multidrug-resistant phenomena, on the other hand, have led to the use of natural resources, one of which is propolis as an antimicrobial material and as a new anti-infective therapeutic strategy. Propolis is a resinous substances collected by worker bees (Apismellifera) from barks and leaves of plants. Propolis has a complex chemical composition and biological properties, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. Purpose: This research aimed to reveal anti-glucan effects of propolis ethanol extract generated from honey bee, Apis mellifera spp on Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria. Method: Before antiglucan test was conducted, glucan-formation test was performed on Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria using SDSpage. Meanwhile, anti-glucan adhesion test on Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria was carried by culturing the bacteria at 37ºC temperature in a jar with 10% CO2. Test tubes were placed at an angle of 30º for 18 hours to review the attachment of bacteria at the glass surfaces. After the incubation, the culture of bacteria was vibrated using a mixer vortex for a few minutes, and then cultured in solid MRS A media. Bacteria grown were measured by using colony counter. Result: The ethanol extract of propolis with a concentration of 1.56% was the lowest concentration inhibiting the attachment of glucan to Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of propolis with a concentration of 1.56% can be used as an anti-glucan material for Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria.
Correlation between working position of dentists and malondialdehyde concentration with musculoskeletal complaints
Authors: Wibowo Hari , Berniyanti Titiek , Sunariani Jenny
Published: July 2017

Background: Musculoskeletal complainst of dentists have become common issues in dentistry since the awkward positions during treating the patients; such as position of a dentist who bends towards the patient, moving abruptly, twisting the body from a side to another side. All those movements are done several times in long term. Such high level of activity without sufficient recovery time may lead to an oxidative stress, so it will affect on the musculoskeletal and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood. Purpose: To identify the correlation between malondialdehyde concentration on the risk of musculoskeletal complaint on dentist with working position of maxilla dental patching at community health center(Puskesmas) in Surabaya. Method: The type of research conducted was observational analytics using cross sectional approach. Sampling technique utilized in this research was cluster random sampling techniquewith the total samples of 19. Result: From data analysis result using Spearman correlation test, it was found that there was a significant correlation between working position and musculoskeletal complaint using Spearman correlation test and the p value obtained was<0.05. This research also found that there was a significant correlation between malondialdehyde concentration and musculoskeletal complaint using Pearson correlation test and the p value obtained was <0.05. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between working positions of dentists and there is a significant correlation between working position and malondialdehydeconcentration with the musculoskeletal complaints.
The cleanliness differences of root canal walls after irrigated with East Java propolis extract and sodium hypoclorite solutions
Authors: Yuanita Tamara
Published: July 2017

Background: Root canal instrumentation produces smear layer that covers dentine tubules of the root canal surface. Smear layer is organic and inorganic particles that have to be removed. East Java propolis extracts contais of saponin components used as a natural surfactant. 2.5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl solutions have been widely used for irrigation in root canal treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the cleanliness of the root canal walls, irrigated with aquadest, 8% East Java propolis extract, 2.5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl. Method: Forty extracted teeth with straight single root canals were randomly divided into four groups(n=10). The specimens were prepared with ProTaper. During instrumentation, the root canals were irrigated with different solutions: Control Group irrigated with aquadest; Group 1 irrigated with 8% East Java propolis extract; Group 2 irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl and Group 3 irrigated with 5% NaOCl. The root canals were cut at apical third and SEM scores were tested by using Mann-Whitney test at the significance level of p=0.05 and Median Control test. Result: The results of Mann-Whitney Test, there were significant differences between control group with Group 1, 2 and 3 (p<0.05). Based on the Median Control test, the value of 8% East Java propolis extracts was 1,000, which was the best value compared to 2.5% NaOCl, 5% NaOCl and aquadest. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 8% East Java propolis extract is the most effective solution for cleaning root canal walls compared with 2.5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF DECIPHERING THE MIDDLE TEXT ON THE ROSETTA STONE
Authors: Boševski Tome , Tentov Aristotel
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: In this text we present comparative analisys of the words and the expressions obtained after reading of complete middle text on the Rosetta Stone [15], by implementing our origtinal methodology presented in [12]. We have identified over 420 different words and expressions which preserve their meaning in contemporary Macedonian language and its dialects, but also they keep their meaning in archaic or contemporary in other Slavic languages. Identification and analysis of sentences and their structure will be subject of further researh. Going further in depth with analysis and comparing our reading results of the middle text on the Rosetta Stone, [15], with well known previous results of reading so called ancient Greek text, presented in [4], [5], [6], and [9], one can easily conclude that two texts, so called demotic text, and so called ancient Greek text are identical only by their content of the pharaoh’s orders. By all means, these two texts have different sentences structures, and different order of words within it. This fact is very logic and obvious in all cases where we compare two identical texts written in two different languages, and it is valid even today. Based on our research we can further improve this conclusion in the direction that the pharaoh’s decree on the middle text is written on the language of the Ancient Macedonians, with the script (signs) of the living masters in that period of Ancient Egypt. These language and script were state official language and official script in year 196 BC, after more than 100 years of the rulling of Ptolemaic Dynasty over Ancient Egypt. The language that we identified on the middle text on the Rosetta Stone definitely poses characteristics of a Slavic language. Many words that we identified in the middle text still exist in modern Slavic languages, or in their archaic forms, in respective Slavic language. Respectively, in lexical sense, we can identify that this language has very strong Slavic characteristics. This becomes more obvius after careful reading of presented multi-language dictionary.
EFFECTS OF WIND FARM OPERATING REGIMES IN THE POWER SYSTEM OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Čauševski Anton , Boševski Tome
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: The trend for achieving sustainable energy development, keeping the environment clean and utilization of renewable energy sources are imperative to the energy development in several countries. Through legislation and economical benefits, countries tend to encourage potential investors for building the technologies for energy production from renewable. In order to achieve the EU energy target to have 20% renewable in 2020, the technologies for producing electricity from renewable energy sources (RES) are used to cover the needs with more intensities. The most dominant renewable is the wind power plants(WPP) or wind parks, which are used to supply electricity to more power systems (EPS) and whose installed capacity in some European countries reaches thousands MW. This paper treats the issue of operational work of wind power in the power system of Macedonia. It is made of simulation work with wind power plants with total installed capacity of 150 MW with an annual production of 300 GWh. The considered power system of Macedonia is projected for the period of 2015 with an annual consumption of 10,000 GWh. The power plants considering operating in the simulated period are the existing thermal power units and hydro power plants together with the planned gas power plants and hydro power plants. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of the power system operation in case to have installed wind power plants, or what operation mode of thermal power plants (TPP) and hydro power plants (HPP) is most convenient when the system has a source of technology from the renewable with stochastically nature. This is especially important, because conventional power plants (TPP and HPP) operate and regulate the needs of consumption in the power system, but the wind power plants operate when the wind occurs within certain limits of  technical operating mode for wind turbines. Although wind is free renewable energy source, frequency of occurrence of wind with unpredictable nature and stochastically, has additional adverse impact in terms of power system operating mode. Certainly the impact of wind power on the overall the power system operation depends on power plants and configuration of the power system. In other words, the base load is covered from TPP fossil fuel or nuclear plants, and the dynamic nature of wind power can be incorporated in the power system depends on how much power plants for peak load are available in the system (storage reversible hydro or gas turbines), or how variable power can be accepted in the power system.
SOURCE MECHANISM AND SIZE OF THE 24 APRIL 2002 ML 5.2 GNJILANE (KOSOVO) EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Čejkovska Vera , Pekevski Lazo , Černih Dragana
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: The 24 April 2002 ML 5.2 Gnjilane earthquake was studied first through inversion of the Sg – Lg wave group displacement amplitude spectrum and P-nodal planes determination. The seismic moment, source spectrum corner frequency and Brune equivalent circular fault surface for this shock were obtained, respectively, as M0 = 6.48·1016 N·m, f0 = 0.59 Hz and Σs,eq = 15.2 km2. The P-nodal planes for the four strongest aftershocks and the distribution of other aftershocks’ epicentres were determined, too, and used in identifying the actual source mechanism of the main shock by a simple method that included also the vertical projections on the Earth’s surface of the main shock Σs,eq with the two main shock P-nodal planes as possible fault planes. It was found that the main shock was caused by a normal right lateral faulting in a plane which struck with an azimuth of 238° and dipped toward NNW under an angle of 22°. This faulting was associated with the shear stressed fault structure along the Pliocene-Quarternary sinking valley of Binačka Morava, and it led to activations of other ruptures as sources of a significant number of aftershocks.
MODELING INFORMATION SPREADING ON COMPLEX NETWORKS
Authors: Trpevski Daniel , Stamenov Kire , Kocarev Ljupčo
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: In this article we propose a model for the spread of two types of information in networks. The model is a natural generalization of the epidemic susceptible-infective-susceptible(SIS) model. The two information types have different attractiveness, which affects the nodes' decision on which information type to adopt when both arrive at a node in the same time step. At difference with results from other authors, the model shows simultaneous existence of the two information types in the stable state. We give approximations for the average number of nodes informed with each information type at the end of the spreading process when nodes have high degree.
SUPERVISI PENGAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME GURU DI SEKOLAH DASAR (Studi Multikasus di SD Laboratorium Sumber Ilmu,SDN Sekar Arum I, SDK Sang Surya, San SON Madukoro VI, Malang)
Authors: Roemintoyo Roemintoyo
Published: July 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan program supervisi pengajaran untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme guru di sekolah dasar. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam rangka meningkatkan profesionalisme guru, Kepala Sekolah melalui supervisi pengajaran melaksanakan upaya-upaya sebagai berikut: melaksanakan kunjungan kelas, monitoring KBM, rapat dewan guru, pembinaan secara individu maupun kelompok, bacaan profesional, studi lanjut, mengikutkan guru dalam KKG, penataran/lokakarya/seminar, sharing dan diskusi antar guru, guru dengan kepala sekolah, guru dengan pengawas.
Gender, Corporate Risk Taking and Performance: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Prameswari Agista Putri
Published: July 2017

This study examines the effect of gender diversity in the board of director on firm leverage and financial performance. Arguably, the more the proportion of female director on board, the corporate risk taking and performance should be lower. The study uses data of listed firms in Indonesia Stock Exchange over the period of 2010-2014. The results show that the presence of female directors on the board is negatively associated with leverage. The similar result is also found on the effect of female director on the board on firm performance. Results also reveal that education background does not moderate the link between women presence on leverage and performance.
Business Group and Affiliated Firms’ Performance
Authors: Untoro Wisnu
Published: July 2017

Some argue that business groups in emerging could be beneficial for affiliated firms. On the other hand, however, group affiliation could also improve performance. In this paper, we empirically examine the impact of being a member of business group on financial performance by studying Indonesian firms over the 2004-2009 period. We test the empirical model using static panel method. Overall, our empirical results do not provide evidence that affiliation with business group could improve performance. However, some business group members perform superior than others.
Design and Process of Learning Making Machete as a Model of Community Participation in the Democratic Learning- Based Thematic Task
Authors: Tumangkeng Jeane V.
Published: July 2017

Learning that emphasize science process can be developed optimally utilizing the environment as a learning resource, as well as community involvement as a resource Community members or parents of students have the knowledge, skills and values associated with a particular form of activity, utilization of natural resources and social relationships.  The process of science conducted in the environment, being a learning process that comprehensively covers the components of the knowledge, skills and values. Making traditional machete rich with knowledge and skills related to science and math concepts. This study develops science teaching junior high school that focuses on the process of making traditional machete. The experiment was conducted in the village of Gunung, District Central Tabukan, Sangihe, for six months, from March 2015 to August 2015. This study is an example of community participation in the development of students' learning process through thematic task.
Antecedents of Work Life Balance: A Study of Healthcare Sector
Authors: Shaikh Parvin , Dange Ujwala
Published: July 2017

The nature of their work requires the healthcare professionals to work in shifts, work overtime, report to duty at odd hours, take care of people who are sick and are sometimes terminally ill. Apart from draining them of physical energy, being in contact with such people also has a bearing on their psychological health. Striking a balance between life and work is a daunting task for the healthcare professionals. This study aimed at identifying the determinants of work life balance among Health care professionals, because they play a critical role in determining the efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of health care systems. Data was collected from Healthcare Professionals like Physicians, Nurses, Clinical Support Staff and Administrative staff from both the Public and Private Hospitals in Nagpur District using a structured questionnaire. Factor Analysis revealed five factors namely Demographic Factors, Supportive Work Culture, Working Conditions, Work Provisions and Travelling distance from work that significantly affect the Work Life Balance of Healthcare Professionals. These findings will help the Healthcare Organizations to focus on Organizational interventions for helping their employees achieve a balance between the domains of work and life.
Aktivitas Repelensi dan Insektisidal Beberapa Ekstrak dan Minyak Nabati terhadap Hama Gudang Ephestia cautella
Authors: Samsudin Samsudin , Soesanthy Funny , Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Published: July 2017

Ephestia cautella is one type of storage pests that causes a decrease in cocoa bean quality. Control of this pest using chemical insecticides is not recommended because it is harmful to the environment and consumer health. The research aimed to examine the repellency and insecticidal activity of several types of extract and botanical oil against E. cautella larvae. The research was conducted in the Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, from March to November 2012. Botanical materials used were water extracts from Ageratum conyzoides leaves, Azadirachta indica seeds, and Allium sativum tubers, as well as oil from Reutalis trisperma, Syzygium aromaticum, and Andropogon nardus, with respective concentration of 0.5%. The insects test used was the 3rd instar larvae generated in the laboratory. Preliminary testing of the repellency activity was performed used the multiple-choice method, while subsequent testing used the dual-choice method with the parameters of larvae number remains in each treatment until 72 hours. The insecticidal activity was conducted using residual method on the feed substitute, by calculating mortality rate of the test insects. Observations were made at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. The results showed that water extract from A. sativum bulbs and A. conyzoides leaves have high repellency percentage on the  E. cautella larvae, i.e. of 81.33% and 78.67%, respectively. Thus, these two vegetable extracts have the potential to be used as cocoa bean protectant from storage pest attacks. The extracts from A. indica seed, A. sativum bulbs, as well as oil from R. trisperma and S. aromaticum showed insecticidal properties that are able to kill E. cautella larvae.
China y América Latina: ¿Socios estratégicos o competidores?
Authors: Gil Barragán Juan Manuel , Aguilera Castillo Andrés
Published: July 2017

Rev.esc.adm.neg

This document has as main objective to discuss the dual role that China is playing in Latin America, on one hand, a strategic trade partner in Asia, source of foreign direct investment (FDI) and key ally in the international arena, on the other hand, China is a formidable competitor particularly in the manufacturing sector. To reach the main objective, we make a brief description of the international trade relation between China and Latin America for the last 15 years, also, a review of the investment flows in different economic sectors, and lastly, a description of the political and diplomatic relation between Latin America and China. From this, it can be inferred that the bilateral relation is prominently framed by the trade of commodities from Latin America to China and the Chinese investment in the sourcing of natural resources.
¿Cambió la primera crisis financiera global los valores empresariales en las sociedades digitalizadas basadas en el marketing? El caso de GEM países latinoamericanos
Authors: Saiz Álvarez José Manuel , Coduras Martínez Alicia , Cuervo Arango Carlos
Published: July 2017

Rev.esc.adm.neg

Como el mercado mundial está globalizado, las crisis se expanden rápidamente debido al uso masivo de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs), afectando también a los valores  empresariales insertos en los procesos de creación de empresas. En este sentido, el marketing digital  tiene un papel fundamental que jugar, al poder servir como una herramienta basada en la tecnología  aplicada  para  fortalecer  el  emprendimiento  naciente.  Usando  datos  de  los  países  latinoamericanos   pertenecientes al proyecto GEM, y aplicando análisis clúster usando el método K-medias, el objetivo de  este trabajo es comprobar si la actual Primera Crisis Global ha alterado los valores del emprendimiento  en las empresas latinoamericanas. El principal resultado de este trabajo es que los rasgos de la actividad  empresarial en los países GEM de América Latina se han desplazado progresivamente de la cantidad a  la calidad, por lo que el marketing digital está teniendo una creciente importancia
Flexibilización cuantitativa: características e impacto en las economías de los Estados Unidos y Colombia
Authors: Parra Barrios Alberto
Published: July 2017

Rev.esc.adm.neg

Este trabajo presenta un análisis de la política monetaria no convencional puesta en marcha por la FED, teniendo en cuenta los objetivos de cada una, la teoría económica que la sustenta y el impacto en los principales indicadores de la economía de los Estados Unidos y de la economía colombiana y un breve comentario del impacto en los índices de las bolsas de valores de economías emergentes. En aquel país, se observa el efecto de las tres etapas del programa en indicadores de interés, como los agregados monetarios, la tasa de desempleo y los activos financieros de renta fija. En la economía colombiana, se observa el impacto de la flexibilización cuantitativa en el índice COLCAP, la rasa representativa del mercado (TRM), el precio del crudo de Texas (WTI) y la inversión extranjera directa (IED) durante el periodo 2010 y 2015. Al finalizar el estudio, se encuentran las evidencias que permiten resaltar el efecto de la política sobre estos cuatro indicadores económicos. Para observar los efectos en el índice COLCAP, la TRM y el WTI, se construye un modelo de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) que nos permite ver la volatilidad de las acciones y las variaciones de el WTI, basados en el modelo de valoración de activos financieros (CAPM ‘capital asset pricing model’), finalizando con la decisión de la FED de endurecer su política monetaria en diciembre de 2015.
Effect of Postanthesis High Temperature on Grain Quality Formation for Wheat
Authors: Liu Leilei , Ma Jifeng , Tian Liying , Wang Shenghao , Tang Liang , Cao Weixing , Zhu Yan
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

High stress enhanced protein concentration, but reduced total starch concentration.

High stress had more advantage effects on protein fractions at anthesis than 10 d after anthesis.

High stress had significant negative effects on starch during grain filling.

The combination stress did not have significant effects on protein fractions.

The combination stress had significant effects on starch concentration.

The protein and starch properties of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) are important factors for grain quality and these properties are documented to be influenced by temperatures. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of high temperature regimes, starting dates, durations and their combinations on grain protein and starch concentrations in two wheat cultivars Yangmai16 and Xumai30 with different heat tolerances. Four temperature regimes of 27/17°C, 31/21°C, 35/25°C, and 39/29°C were implemented for 3 and 6 d after anthesis and 10 d after anthesis. The concentrations of protein and starch components in grains were measured during the periods of postanthesis. High temperature enhanced both protein and amylose concentrations, but reduced amylopectin and total starch concentrations in grains. Higher concentration of protein fractions were observed when high temperatures were applied at anthesis than during the grain‐filling stage (10 d after anthesis). However, high temperatures during grain filling had profoundly more negative effects on starch concentration than at anthesis. The combination of high temperature regimes and durations did not have significant effects on the protein fractions, compared with either of the temperature regimes or durations applied individually, which was different from the starch concentration in response to the combination. Nevertheless, the combination of temperature regimes and durations could not cause more changes to grain starch concentrations than a single stress event.