bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pragmaštylistický profil a poverenia titulku v alternatívnej internetovej žurnalistike
Authors: Patráš Vladimír
Published: December 2021

The Pragma-Stylistic Profile and the Purpose of Headlines in Alternative Internet Journalism Regardless of the type of carrier, the headline – a signal device and a gateway to a journalistic piece of communication – meets four corresponding criteria. The usual mission of the visually noticeable frame component is to attract the recipients’ attention, to encourage their readiness to respond to the actual piece of communication, to mediate leitmotifs, and to define an acceptable genre affiliation of a journalistic product. Current internet journalism is characterized by significant colloquialization. This manifests itself by blurring the borders between oralness and writtenness (printedness) in communication, in the style and in the ambiguity of the stylistic procedure, as well as by hybrid structures that are constantly being generated. Along with the primary functions of communication – stimulating, informative and persuasive function – genre volatility allows the application of other pre-determinations and functions in internet journalism: instructional, expressive, appellative, aesthetic, referential (descriptive), contact and meta-language. These can also be noticed in the pragma-stylistic profile and purpose of headlines. In the paper, the aforementioned processes, trends and consequences are explored using a databank of headlines from alternative internet journalism. Profil pragmastylistyczny i funkcje nagłówków w alternatywnym dziennikarstwie internetowym Niezależnie od rodzaju nośnika, nagłówek – zapowiedź i wstęp do dziennikarskiego przekazu – spełnia cztery odpowiadające sobie kryteria. Standardowym zadaniem widocznego wizualnie elementu ramy tekstowej jest przyciągnięcie uwagi odbiorców, zachęcenie ich do gotowości reakcji na dany fragment komunikacji, zapośredniczenie motywów przewodnich oraz określenie możliwej do zaakceptowania dla nich przynależności gatunkowej produktu dziennikarskiego. Współczesne dziennikarstwo internetowe cechuje się wysokim poziomem potoczności. Przejawia się to zacieraniem granic między charakterem oralnym a pisanym (drukowanym) komunikacji, stylem i niejednoznacznością środków stylistycznych, a także nieustannym generowaniem struktur hybrydycznych. Wraz z podstawowymi funkcjami komunikacji, stymulującej, informacyjnej i perswazyjnej – zmienność gatunkowa pozwala na odwołanie się w dziennikarstwie internetowym do innych predeterminacji i funkcji: instruktażowej, ekspresyjnej, konatywnej, estetycznej, referencyjnej (opisowej), kontaktowej i metajęzykowej. Potwierdzenie tych zjawisk można również zauważyć w profilu pragmastylistycznym i w roli nagłówków. W artykule wspomniane procesy zostały poddane analizie na materiale z korpusu nagłówków z alternatywnego dziennikarstwa internetowego.
Indications of a Decrease in the Depth of Deep Convective Cores with Increasing Aerosol Concentration during the CACTI Campaign
Authors: Veals Peter G. , Varble Adam C. , Russell James O. H. , Hardin Joseph C. , Zipser Edward J.
Published: December 2021

An aerosol indirect effect on deep convective cores (DCCs), by which increasing aerosol concentration increases cloud-top height via enhanced latent heating and updraft velocity, has been proposed in many studies. However, the magnitude of this effect remains uncertain due to aerosol measurement limitations, modulation of the effect by meteorological conditions, and difficulties untangling meteorological and aerosol effects on DCCs. The Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) campaign in 2018–19 produced concentrated aerosol and cloud observations in a location with frequent DCCs, providing an opportunity to examine the proposed aerosol indirect effect on DCC depth in a rigorous and robust manner. For periods throughout the campaign with well-mixed boundary layers, we analyze relationships that exist between aerosol variables (condensation nuclei concentration > 10 nm, 0.4% cloud condensation nuclei concentration, 55–1000-nm aerosol concentration, and aerosol optical depth) and meteorological variables [level of neutral buoyancy (LNB), convective available potential energy, midlevel relative humidity, and deep-layer vertical wind shear] with the maximum radar-echo-top height and cloud-top temperature (CTT) of DCCs. Meteorological variables such as LNB and deep-layer shear are strongly correlated with DCC depth. LNB is also highly correlated with three of the aerosol variables. After accounting for meteorological correlations, increasing values of the aerosol variables [with the exception of one formulation of aerosol optical depth (AOD)] are generally correlated at a statistically significant level with a warmer CTT of DCCs. Therefore, for the study region and period considered, increasing aerosol concentration is mostly associated with a decrease in DCC depth.
Racial Disparity in the Surgical Management of Diverticular Disease
Authors: Akram Warqaa M. , Vohra Nasreen , Irish William , Zervos Emmanuel E. , Wong Jan
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Although minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has clearly been associated with improved colorectal surgery outcomes, not all populations benefit from this approach. Using a national database, we analyzed both, the trend in the utilization of MIS for diverticulitis and differences in utilization by race.

Methods

Colon-targeted participant user files (PUFs) from 2012 to 18 were linked to respective PUFs in National Surgical Quality Improvement Project. Patients undergoing colectomy for acute diverticulitis or chronic diverticular disease were included. Surgical approach was stratified by race and year. To adjust for confounding and estimate the association of covariates with approach, data were fit using multivariable binary logistic regression main effects model. Using a joint effects model, we evaluated whether the odds of a particular approach over time was differentially affected by race.

Results

Of the 46 713 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 83% were white, with 7% black and 10% other. Over the study period, there was a decrease in the rate of open colectomy of about 5% P < .001, and increase in the rate of utilization of laparoscopic and robotic approaches (RC) P < .0001. After adjusting for confounders, black race was associated with open surgery P < .0001.

Conclusion

There is disparity in the utilization of MIS for diverticulitis. Further research into the reasons for this disparity is critical to ensure known benefits of MIC are realized across all races.
The Perioperative Patient Experience During COVID-19
Authors: Dippre Andrew T. , Quinn Kristen M. , Walto Melinda , Mukherjee Rupak , Baliga Prabhakar K. , Abbott Andrea M.
Published: December 2021

Background

Access to elective surgical procedures has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We sought to understand the patient experience by developing and distributing an anonymous online survey to those who underwent non-emergency surgery at a large academic tertiary medical center between March and October 2020.

Results

The survey was completed by 184 patients; the majority were white (84%), female (74.6%), and ranged from 18 to 88 years old. Patients were likely unaware of case delay as only 23.6% reported a delay, 82% of which agreed with that decision. Conversely, 44% felt that the delay negatively impacted their quality of life. Overall, 82.7% of patients indicated high satisfaction with their care. African American patients more often indicated a “neutral” vs “satisfactory” hospital experience ( P < .05) and considered postponing their surgery ( P < .01). Interestingly, younger patients (<60) were more likely than older (≥60) patients to note anxiety associated with having surgery during the pandemic ( P < .01), feeling unprepared for discharge ( P < .02), not being allowed visitors ( P < .02), and learning about the spread of COVID-19 from health care providers ( P < .02).

Discussion

These results suggest that patients are resilient and accepting of changes to health care delivery during the current pandemic; however, certain patient populations may have higher levels of anxiety which could be addressed by their care provider. These findings can help inform and guide ongoing and future health care delivery adaptations in response to care disruptions.
The Management of Penetrating Neck Injury With Retained Knife: 15-Year Experience From a Major Trauma Center in South Africa
Authors: Kong Victor , Cheung Cynthia , Ko Jonathan , Xu William , Bruce John , Liang Grant , Manchev Vasil , Clarke Damian
Published: December 2021

Background

This study reviews our cumulative experience with the management of patients presenting with a retained knife following a penetrating neck injury (PNI).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a major trauma center in South Africa over a 15-year period from July 2006 to December 2020. All patients who presented with a retained knife in the neck following a stab wound (SW) were included.

Results

Twenty-two cases were included: 20 males (91%), mean age: 29 years. 77% (17/22) were retained knives and 23% (5/22) were retained blades. Eighteen (82%) were in the anterior neck, and the remaining 4 cases were in the posterior neck. Plain radiography was performed in 95% (21/22) of cases, and computed tomography (CT) was performed in 91% (20/22). Ninety-five percent (21/22) had the knife or blade extracted in the operating room (OR). Formal neck exploration (FNE) was undertaken in 45% (10/22) of cases, and the remaining 55% (12/22) underwent simple extraction (SE) only. Formal neck exploration was more commonly performed for anterior neck retained knives than the posterior neck, although not statistically significant [56% (10/18) vs 0% (0/18), P = .096]. There were no significant differences in the need for intensive care admission, length of hospital stay, morbidities, or mortalities between anterior and posterior neck retained knives.

Discussion

Uncontrolled extraction of a retained knife in the neck outside of the operating room may be dangerous. Retained knives in the anterior neck commonly required formal neck exploration but not for posterior neck retained knives.
Social workers’ adaptation in times of pandemic crisis: A Hong Kong case
Authors: Ling Henry Wai Hang , Shum Michelle , Kwan Chi Kin , Xu Mingdie
Published: December 2021

Through the lens of the theory of planned behavior, this article explores how social workers adapt to a new situation due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three focus group sessions were conducted with 23 social workers from child and youth, family, and elderly services in Hong Kong. Three major themes were generated: (1) repositioning the social work profession, (2) renegotiating contracts with funders, and (3) exploring novel intervention methods. Implications of the findings are discussed. To ensure social workers can respond effectively in crises, an evolving nature of the profession is advocated to enshrine its spirit to serve.
The art of not-knowing: Valuing diversity and intercultural competences in international social work education
Authors: Anish KR , Borrmann Stefan , Nguyen-Meyer Ngan , Zhao Yan , Moen Hilde Berit , Liu Weihua
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on how international social work education can enable students to become culturally competent social workers. It follows the idea that the vital aspect of internationalizing social work education is not about structural prerequisites. Rather, it is in the specific role of intercultural perspectives and how these perspectives can be integrated into structural frameworks for internationalizing social work education. It is highlighted that the acceptance of not-knowing and not-understanding provides the basis of cultural awareness or global mindedness. Therefore, a model for the development of intercultural competence in social work is presented.
Dynamic event-triggered fault detection filter design for dynamical systems under fading channels
Authors: Zhao Siyang , Yu Jinyong
Published: December 2021

This article investigates the dynamic event-triggered fault detection filter (FDF) design problem for linear continuous-time networked systems, considering the fading channels phenomenon and randomly occurring faults. A dynamic event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is introduced to reduce the network bandwidth occupation more efficiently by utilizing an internal variable which can enlarge the event-triggered intervals. Besides, the Zeno phenomenon is eliminated fundamentally by ensuring that the event-triggered intervals are positive lower bounded. After that, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the stochastic stability of the residual system with a desired [Formula: see text] performance and the co-design criterion of the FDF and the dynamic ETM is developed. Finally, an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) system is used to illustrate the applicability of the presented approach.
Development of production skills in the absence of precise phonolexical representations
Authors: Simonchyk Ala , Darcy Isabelle
Published: December 2021

The study investigates the relationship between lexical encoding and production in order to establish whether learners are able to produce a difficult contrast in words that they merged in their mental lexicon. Forty American English learners of Russian were tested on their production and lexical encoding of familiar and highly-frequent words with the plain/palatalized contrast in second language (L2) Russian. Results suggest that the relationship between phonolexical encoding and production is less straightforward than a simple mirror image and is strongly affected by the prosodic position of the target consonants. In word-final position, learners did not lexically encode the difference between plain and palatalized consonants but they strived to produce it, although not very successfully. In intervocalic position, learners’ ability to encode and produce words with the plain/palatalized contrast was more accurate than in word-final position, which was attributed to the ‘spelling trap’ effect. Since Russian orthography employs vowel graphemes to mark the plain/palatalized status of preceding consonants, it appears that learners relied on these assumed vowel differences to articulate complex palatalization gestures. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that L2 learners can produce a contrast that they have not yet lexically encoded.
A case of recurrent systemic capillary leak syndrome triggered by influenza A infection associated with cardiogenic shock supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Ling Steven Kin-ho , Fong Natalie Man-chi , Chan Mandy Sze-man
Published: December 2021

Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare and under-recognized disease which is potentially fatal. We report a case of SCLS triggered by influenza A infection associated with fulminant cardiogenic shock, successfully supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Strong clinical suspicion with appropriate supportive treatment can be life-saving for patients with SCLS.
Understanding the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on delivery of rehabilitation in specialist palliative care services: An analysis of the CovPall-Rehab survey data
Authors: Bayly Joanne , Bradshaw Andy , Fettes Lucy , Omarjee Muhammed , Talbot-Rice Helena , Walshe Catherine , Sleeman Katherine E , Bajwah Sabrina , Dunleavy Lesley , Hocaoglu Mevhibe , Oluyase Adejoke , Garner Ian , Cripps Rachel L , Preston Nancy , Fraser Lorna K , Murtagh Fliss EM , Higginson Irene J , Maddocks Matthew
Published: December 2021

Background:

Palliative rehabilitation involves multi-professional processes and interventions aimed at optimising patients’ symptom self-management, independence and social participation throughout advanced illness. Rehabilitation services were highly disrupted during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Aim:

To understand rehabilitation provision in palliative care services during the Covid-19 pandemic, identifying and reflecting on adaptative and innovative practice to inform ongoing provision.

Design:

Cross-sectional national online survey.

Setting/participants:

Rehabilitation leads for specialist palliative care services across hospice, hospital, or community settings, conducted from 30/07/20 to 21/09/2020.

Findings:

61 completed responses (England, n = 55; Scotland, n = 4; Wales, n = 1; and Northern Ireland, n = 1) most frequently from services based in hospices (56/61, 92%) providing adult rehabilitation. Most services (55/61, 90%) reported rehabilitation provision becoming remote during Covid-19 and half reported reduced caseloads. Rehabilitation teams frequently had staff members on sick-leave with suspected/confirmed Covid-19 (27/61, 44%), redeployed to other services/organisations (25/61, 41%) or furloughed (15/61, 26%). Free text responses were constructed into four themes: (i) fluctuating shared spaces; (ii) remote and digitised rehabilitation offer; (iii) capacity to provide and participate in rehabilitation; (iv) Covid-19 as a springboard for positive change. These represent how rehabilitation services contracted, reconfigured, and were redirected to more remote modes of delivery, and how this affected the capacity of clinicians and patients to participate in rehabilitation.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates how changes in provision of rehabilitation during the pandemic could act as a springboard for positive changes. Hybrid models of rehabilitation have the potential to expand the equity of access and reach of rehabilitation within specialist palliative care.
SAGE advice and political decision-making: ‘Following the science’ in times of epistemic uncertainty
Authors: Evans Robert
Published: December 2021

This article presents a preliminary analysis of the advice provided by the UK government’s Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) held between 22 January and 23 March 2020 in response to the emerging coronavirus pandemic. Drawing on the published minutes of the group’s meetings, the article examines what was known and not known, the assumptions and working practices that shaped their work, and how this knowledge was reflected in the decisions made by the government. In doing so, the article critically examines what it means for policy making to be ‘led by the science’ when the best available science is provisional and uncertain. Using ideas of ‘externality’ and ‘evidential significance’, the article argues that the apparent desire for high levels of certainty by both scientists and political decision-makers made early action impossible as the data needed were not, and could not be, available in time. This leads to an argument for changes to the institutions that provide scientific advice based on sociologically informed expectations of science in which expert judgement plays a more significant role.
Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Chinese Adolescents: The Role of Power Imbalance, Fun-seeking Tendency, and Attitude Toward Cyberbullying
Authors: Wang Lin , Ngai Steven Sek-yum
Published: December 2021

The imbalance of power affords individuals to bully others. However, limited studies have explored the specific aspects of power imbalance in predicting cyberbullying. Furthermore, a fun-seeking tendency as a motive for cyberbullying and attitudes toward cyberbullying as cognitive stimuli have rarely been studied in relation to mediating the associations between power imbalance and cyberbullying in an integrated framework. This study aims to narrow these research gaps. Multistage cluster random sampling was employed to recruit a total of 1103 adolescents (52.5% females) ranging in age from 12 to 18 years. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that proficiency in technology use is not only directly and positively associated with cyberbullying but also indirectly associated with cyberbullying via fun-seeking tendency. Although social status among peers had no direct effect on cyberbullying, the indirect effects of social status among peers on cyberbullying via the fun-seeking tendency and attitude toward cyberbullying were significant. Notably, physical power was neither directly associated with cyberbullying nor through the fun-seeking tendency or attitude toward cyberbullying in associating with cyberbullying. Implications of these findings for developing effective interventions are discussed.
Enabling Collaboration and Communication Across Law Enforcement Jurisdictions: Data Sharing in a Multiagency Partnership
Authors: Pickering Jordan C. , Fox Andrew M.
Published: December 2021

Offenders do not always operate within jurisdictional boundaries and, as such, neighboring law enforcement agencies can benefit from sharing crime data and other investigation-related information with one another, with the shared goal of reducing crime throughout their region. In 2016, one such partnership was formed with seven law enforcement agencies, the District Attorney’s Office, and public health officials in King County, Washington. As part of a larger evaluation of this regional collaboration, the authors assessed the data and intelligence-sharing behaviors of key personnel from each participating agency over an 18-month period. This was done through a series of interviews with key personnel and the use of social network analysis. Results suggest that, although data-sharing networks increased in size and project personnel were able to identify benefits to sharing crime data with one another (e.g., seeing the “bigger picture” regarding crime in their region, using shared crime data to track and combat violent crime), they also identified a number of obstacles associated with cross-jurisdictional data sharing. Findings from this evaluation contribute to the collective understanding and implementation of a regional approach to crime control. If criminal justice agencies plan to work together to reduce crime, data and information sharing are essential. Therefore, it is imperative that agencies are aware of the positive outcomes associated with regional data sharing and the challenges that can arise throughout this collaborative effort.
NPO Web-Based Accountability: How Can We Know If NPOs Are Doing Good Things?
Authors: Chu Vien , Luke Belinda
Published: December 2021

This study develops a comprehensive but practical framework for not-for-profit organization (NPO) web-based accountability involving (a) disclosure of operations, financial performance, and social performance, and (b) dialogue; and investigates it in the practices of five Australian NPO award finalists and 160 NPOs more broadly. The findings highlight NPOs’ web-based accountability focused on operational disclosure, promoting NPOs’ activities and mission. However, financial and social performance disclosure was lacking, despite financial performance information being publicly available on the government regulator’s website. Furthermore, the use of online platforms to promote dialogue and exchange was limited. The study suggests that regulatory requirements play an important role in strengthening NPOs’ accountability, and the lack of social performance reporting means it is still unclear what “good things” NPOs are doing.
Capital Structure and Debt Maturity in Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Garcia-Rodriguez Inigo , Romero-Merino M. Elena , Santamaria-Mariscal Marcos
Published: December 2021

This article examines the capital structure and debt maturity in nonprofit organizations (NPOs). In particular, we analyze whether these financing decisions are made as expected according to the two main theories used to explain the capital structure, that is, the trade-off and pecking order theories. To do so, we study the associations between NPOs’ indebtedness and their size, age, tangibility, liquidity, profitability, risk, and growth. We use fixed effects, probit, and Heckman selection models with unbalanced panel data containing 8,721 charities in the United Kingdom for the period 2011–2018 (60,222 year-obs). Our results show that the financing patterns of NPOs are consistent with the arguments of the pecking order theory. We also find that less than half of our sample uses long-term debt. Moreover, debt maturity is longer in larger NPOs, those with more tangible assets, or those with higher liquidity.
A new solution to the coupled problems of aero-propulsion system deceleration under supersonic state
Authors: Sun Fengyong , Ji Chunsheng , Zhang Tengfei
Published: December 2021

Under supersonic state, the aero-propulsion system exhibits different coupled characters in deceleration from that in acceleration. However, the deceleration control has not been fully studied. In order to solve the coupled problems, an integrated component-level model including inlet and turbofan engine was established. Based on the integrated model, the particularity of inlet adjustment during deceleration was analyzed. And the analyzed results showed that the inlet regulation is not necessary to keep the inlet and engine working in well-matched at any time under supersonic state. Due to the coupled relationship between inlet and turbofan engine, a new optimal integrated control scheme is proposed in this paper. The inlet ramp angle is taken as an optimal control variable as the same as main fuel mass flow and nozzle throat area. The simulation results indicate that inlet ramp angle regulation showed a more effective control quality in the rapid drop of aero-propulsion–installed thrust. Furthermore, the deceleration could be completed in a shorter control time.
“I Tried Forcing Myself to do It, but Then It Becomes a Boring Chore”: Understanding (dis)engagement in Physical Activity Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Using a Practice Theory Approach
Authors: Thorsen Ida K. , Kayser Lars , Teglgaard Lyk–Jensen Helle , Rossen Sine , Ried-Larsen Mathias , Midtgaard Julie
Published: December 2021

Lack of physical activity (PA) is common among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We apply a practice theory approach to investigate PA engagement in the context of T2D. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews ( n = 23) and focus groups ( n = 3x6) and analyzed by deductive-inductive reflexive thematic analysis using a practice theory framework. Forty-one purposefully selected individuals with T2D (29 men) between the ages of 54 and 77 years were included. The analysis resulted in three main themes informed by five subthemes, reflecting the key elements of practice theory (i.e., meanings, materialities, and competencies). One overarching theme identified PA engagement as an unsustainable and insurmountable project in constant and unequal competition with the practice of physical inactivity. To increase PA among individuals with T2D, future PA interventions and strategies should aim to establish a stronger link between PA and everyday life practices.
Pediatric End-of-Life Care in Rural America: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stone Whitney , Keim-Malpass Jessica , Cozad Melanie J. , Fornehed Mary Lou Clark , Lindley Lisa C.
Published: December 2021

Background: Families increasingly desire to bring their children home from the acute care setting at end of life. This transition includes home to rural or remote areas. Little is known about the end-of-life care for children who reside in rural areas. Objective: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review and summarize the evidence regarding end-of-life care for children living in rural areas, identify key findings and gaps in the literature, and make recommendations for future research. Methods: A systematic review was conducted from 2011 to 2021 using MEDLINE and CINAHL databases. Results: Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Key themes from the literature included: barriers, facilitators, and needs. Three articles identified barriers to end-of-life care for children in rural communities, which included access to end-of-life care and clinicians trained to provide pediatric care. Three studies identified and evaluated the facilitators of end-of-life care for rural children. The articles identified technology and additional training as facilitators. Four studies reported on the needs of rural children for end-of-life care with serious illness. Conclusions: We found major barriers and unmet needs in the delivery of rural pediatric end-of-life care. A few facilitators in delivery of this type of care were explored. Overall research in this area was sparse. Future studies should focus on understanding the complexities associated with delivery of pediatric end-of-life care in rural areas.
Adverse Event Profile for Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel Compared With Solvent-Based Taxanes in Solid-Organ Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: He Fei , Liu Jiaxuan , Shen Xin , Wang Zijing , Li Qiao , Li Guohui
Published: December 2021

Background:

Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) is an innovative form of taxane that has superior antitumor effects; however, the safety profile between nab-paclitaxel and traditional taxanes remains controversial.

Objective:

To determine the burden of adverse events (AEs) in patients with multiple malignancies receiving nab-paclitaxel compared with that in patients receiving traditional taxanes.

Methods:

Randomized clinical trials comparing nab-paclitaxel with traditional taxanes (solvent-based paclitaxel [sb-paclitaxel] or docetaxel) in the treatment of primary solid-organ malignancies were included if AEs were reported as an outcome. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the summary odds ratio (OR) of the relevant adverse outcomes related to nab-paclitaxel and traditional taxanes. Prespecified subgroup analyses based on intervention and doses, primary tumor sites, and different ethnic groups were also performed.

Results:

Twelve clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. Grade 3/4 anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neurotoxicity were more frequent with nab-paclitaxel than with traditional taxanes. Nab-paclitaxel at 100 or 125 mg/m2/w dosage was associated with fewer or similar grade 3/4 specific AEs. Allergy was less common with nab-paclitaxel. The median recovery times of neurotoxicity were 25, 64, and 37 days in patients receiving nab-paclitaxel, sb-paclitaxel, and docetaxel, respectively. Elevated incidences of specific AEs were more common in breast cancer and non-Asian patients than in other malignancies and ethnic groups, respectively.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Nab-paclitaxel increased the risk of hematologic and non-hematologic AEs in general, but anaphylaxis was less common, and the recovery duration of neurotoxicity was shorter. Weekly administration of nab-paclitaxel at a lower dosage provided better tolerance.
Nonverbal Emotions While Disclosing Child Abuse: The Role of Interviewer Support
Authors: Karni-Visel Yael , Hershkowitz Irit , Lamb Michael E. , Blasbalg Uri
Published: December 2021

Statements by alleged victims are important when child abuse is prosecuted; triers-of-fact often attend to nonverbal emotional expressions when evaluating those statements. This study examined the associations among interviewer supportiveness, children’s nonverbal emotions, and informativeness during 100 forensic interviews with alleged victims of child abuse. Raters coded the silent videotapes for children’s nonverbal emotional expressions while other raters coded the transcripts for interviewer support, children’s verbal emotions, and informativeness. Results showed that children’s nonverbal signals were more common than and preceded the verbal signs. Interviewer support was associated with children’s expressivity. When children expressed more nonverbal emotions, they were more responsive during the pre-substantive phases and more informative about the abuse. Nonverbal emotions partially mediated the association between support and informativeness. The findings underline the value of nonverbal emotional expression during forensic interviews and demonstrate how the interviewers’ supportive demeanor can facilitate children’s emotional displays and increase informativeness.
The MI-PHOTOS Project: Understanding the Health and Wellbeing of Rural Historically Marginalized Mothers Through Photovoice
Authors: LeMasters Katherine H. , Bledsoe Sarah E. , Brooks Jada , Chavis Stephanie , Little Erica , Pevia Kim , Daniel Leah , Jordan Kiva , Schindler Ann , Lightfoot Alexandra F. ,   The MI-PHOTOS Project
Published: December 2021

Despite the persistent health inequities faced by rural women in the United States, few researchers have partnered with women in rural communities to co-create sustainable change. To fill this gap, Mothers Improving Pregnancy and Postpartum Health Outcomes Through stOry Sharing (MI-PHOTOS) employed a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach by partnering with mothers, community leaders, and community-based organizations in Robeson County, North Carolina, a rural, racially diverse county. The project’s aims were (a) to promote maternal health by listening to mothers’ stories of having and raising children in their community and (b) to develop a shared understanding of these mothers’ strengths and challenges. MI-PHOTOS utilized photovoice, an exploratory and qualitative CBPR methodology. Grounded theory guided data analysis. During photovoice discussions, conversation focused on maternal experiences and evoked strengths, facilitators, and barriers impacting maternal health. Themes focused on (a) MI-PHOTOS serving as a social support group for the community and family stressors that mothers faced and (b) the necessity of professional support programs. Three overarching findings emerged during this process: (a) MI-PHOTOS as an informal support group, (b) mental health stigmatization, and (c) the need to bridge home visiting programs with peer and confidential therapeutic services. Future work should incorporate mothers’ and communities’ strengths into program development by drawing on existing home visiting programs, identifying opportunities for peer-support, and creating referral networks for individual, confidential therapeutic services. Through continued community partnership, we can generate fuller understandings of mothers’ experiences of having and raising children and ultimately promote health equity among rural mothers.
Assessment of Chronic Disease Management Strategies Among Health Care Practices in Medically Underserved South Carolina Counties
Authors: Mandelbaum Jennifer , Myers Kristian G. , Brightharp Courtney L. , Hicks Shauna P.
Published: December 2021

Diabetes and heart disease are among the leading causes of death and disability in the United States, and these conditions are especially prevalent in the South. South Carolina’s persistent racial and socioeconomic disparities in chronic disease outcomes are well-documented, yet little is known about how health care practices in medically underserved areas are addressing these challenges. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey as part of two complementary 5-year cooperative agreements between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Division of Diabetes and Heart Disease Management (the Division) at the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. The Division fielded a survey to (a) assist in determining which Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) were best poised to implement specific strategies as part of these cooperative agreements and (b) provide data to establish the baseline for performance measures. FQHCs and RHCs in the top 25% of counties with the highest diabetes and heart disease burden were surveyed about eight domains: staffing/services, electronic health records, team-based care policies, lifestyle change programs, medication therapy management, telehealth, quality improvement collaboratives, and patient demographics. Data representing 71 practices revealed contrasts between RHCs and FQHCs and opportunities for improvement. For example, while most practices reported they were not implementing evidence-based lifestyle change programs (e.g., the National Diabetes Prevention Program), most RHCs and FQHCs expressed interest in starting such programs. Findings are being used to guide efforts to improve diabetes and heart disease prevention and management in South Carolina.
De-Escalation Training Receptivity and First-Line Police Supervision: Findings from the Louisville Metro Police Study
Authors: Engel Robin S. , Isaza Gabrielle T. , Motz Ryan T. , McManus Hannah D. , Corsaro Nicholas
Published: December 2021

Despite calls for police reform that include changes to use of force training and field supervision, evidence regarding their impact is sorely lacking. This study examines survey data collected from first-line supervisors in the Louisville (KY) Metro Police Department after department-wide de-escalation training. Presented as part of a larger randomized controlled trial study, descriptive results from this survey demonstrate that, despite high levels of reported confidence in supervisory ability, supervisors infrequently engage in the activities that support and reinforce subordinates’ use of de-escalation skills. Results from multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression models further show that only supervisors’ receptivity to de-escalation training is a significant predictor of engaging in activities that support the training tenets for subordinates. Combined with previous findings, the emerging research and policy implications suggest that training receptivity is critical, and further, that field supervision continues to be an under-utilized mechanism to reduce police use of force.
Dance, functioning and quality of life in children with Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder dance, functioning and quality of life in Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Adorno Evanilza T , Dos Santos Daiany C de J , DeJesus Beatriz M , Passos Adrielle A , Teixeira-Machado Lavínia
Published: December 2021

This study investigated dance practice in psychosocial and functional aspects, and quality of life in children with Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. Children with DS and ASD, between 3 and 12 years old, attended a dance program during 16 sessions/lessons, lasting 60 min, twice a week, in suitable place. Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Childhood Autism Rating Scale SF-36 quality of life survey, and Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Inquiry (KAP Inquiry) were applied before and after dance classes. Eleven participants concluded the study. Functional independence changes were observed in relation to self-care, sphincter control, locomotion, and communication domains. Children’ “quality of life” reported by parents showed changes in functional capacity, vitality, mental health, physical and social aspects, and general state of health domains. These findings suggest that regular dance practice can underlie psychosocial adjustments in children with DS and ASD.
Design and Dynamic Analysis of an Innovative Axial Shift Valvetrain System (ASVS) for Variable Stroke Engine
Authors: Cui Jingchen , Chen Liping , Long Wuqiang , Meng Xiangyu , Li Bo , Wang Yang , Tian Hua
Published: December 2021

A variable valvetrain system is the key part of the variable stroke engine (VSE), which could achieve higher power performance and low-speed torque. An innovative axial shift valvetrain system (ASVS) was put forward to meet the air-charging requirements of a 2/4-stroke engine and complete a changeover within one working cycle. Two sets of intake and exhaust cam profiles for both intake and exhaust sides in the 2/4-stoke mode were designed for 2/4-stoke modes. Furthermore, a simulation model based on ADAMS was established to evaluate the dynamic valve motion and the contact force at different engine speeds. The dynamic simulation results show that the valve motion characteristics meet the challenges at the target engine speed of 3000 r/min. In two-stroke mode, the maximum intake valve lift could achieve 7.3 mm within 78°CaA, and the maximum exhaust valve lift could achieve 7.5 within 82°CaA on the exhaust side. In four-stroke mode, the maximum intake valve lift can achieve 8.8 mm within 140°CaA, and the maximum exhaust valve lift can achieve 8.4 mm within 140°CaA. The valve seating speeds are less than 0.3 m/s in both modes, and the fullness coefficients are more than 0.5 and 0.6 in the 2-stroke and 4-stroke mode, respectively. At the engine speed of 3000 r/min, the contact force on each component is acceptable, and the stress between cam and roller can meet the material requirement.
Tracing the historical construction of a vocational training, adult education and lifelong learning policy space in the European Union from 1951 to present
Authors: Salajan Florin D , Roumell Elizabeth A
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to trace and document the emerging contours of a Vocational Training, Adult Education and Lifelong Learning (VTAELL) space in the EU via an examination of the policy framework built over time in this area over more than six decades, from the inception of today’s European Union to the present day. Nineteen key primary sources were selected from the EU’s legislative record forming the growing overarching legal framework on VTAELL from 1951 to present. These were subjected to a discourse and content analysis, utilizing a process tracing approach to systematically record the gradual construction of VTAELL policy. The narrative shows that policy evolution in this field can be grouped into three distinct stages: policy groundwork; programmatic operationalization; consolidation, integration and expansion. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that the convergence and cross-referencing of EU’s VTAELL policy across education sectors validates the importance and consolidation of this policy space.
Barriers to Meeting Community Needs in New York State during COVID-19: Results From a Pilot Survey of Nongovernmental Population and Community Health Professionals
Authors: Schiavo Renata , Arana Mayela , Levy Nicole , Grijalva Yesenia , Ravenhall Sarah , DiManno Margaret , Murrman Marita
Published: December 2021

Capacity building and training help empower the community and population health organizations to partner with local health departments and collaboratively design multisectoral interventions that account for the complexity of public health and health promotion challenges in the era of COVID-19 and beyond. Ideally, training programs should be informed by an understanding of the needs and priorities of the professionals for whom they are intended. This brief report focuses on the results of a pilot online survey conducted as part of a larger pilot study by the New York State Association of County Health Officials and the Region 2 Public Health Training Center among population and community health professionals ( n = 27) from four counties in New York State during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey participants included a diverse group of staff members from various large and small nonprofit organizations, federally qualified health centers, academic institutions, hospitals, and insurers. Survey findings provide preliminary insights into the extent to which these organizations have been involved in the COVID-19 response in partnership with LHDs, barriers they faced in responding to the needs of the populations they serve and adjusting their work routines/operations to COVID-19 guidelines, and their top emerging organizational and training needs. Lessons learned from conducting an online survey during a public health emergency and implications for future training interventions for population and community health professionals are also discussed within the context of promoting multisectoral collaboration with local health departments, solving complex public health problems, and advancing health equity.
Shifting the Frame: Theoretical and Methodological Explorations of Photography in Educational Research
Authors: Vellanki Vivek
Published: December 2021

In this article, I focus on the relationship between photography and educational research, situating this conversation at the interstices of fact/fiction, indexical/imaginary, and art/data. I ask: How has our understanding and use of photography, the camera, and the photographer been shaped by the field of qualitative research? What possibilities exist for reimagining the role of photography in educational research and practice? Drawing on a diverse body of theoretical, empirical, and artistic works, I respond to the questions by looking at three key elements shaping image-based visual research: the ontology of photography, collaboration and photography, and thinking with art/photography. Across these three key elements, I interrogate taken-for-granted assumptions about the camera, photographs, and the relationships between the photographer-photographed in the context of educational research and articulate some shifts that help reframe our understanding of photography and how it is used within educational research and practice.
Posterior Shoulder Instability After Infraclavicular Block for Outpatient Hand Surgery
Authors: Kanakamedala Ajay C. , Bookman Jared S. , Furgiuele David L. , Hacquebord Jacques H.
Published: December 2021

Regional blocks are being increasingly utilized for anesthesia for various orthopedic procedures. Several studies have shown that regional anesthesia has fewer side effects and improved postoperative pain relief compared to general anesthesia, but regional blocks are not without risks. We present case reports of 2 patients who experienced posterior shoulder instability, one of whom had a posterior shoulder dislocation, immediately in the postanesthesia care unit after undergoing hand surgery with regional anesthesia. This paper highlights the importance of being aware that patients might be at increased risk of shoulder instability after upper extremity regional anesthesia, and appropriate perioperative precautions should be taken.
Urine proteomics identifies biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease at different stages
Authors: Fan Guanjie , Gong Tongqing , Lin Yuping , Wang Jianping , Sun Lu , Wei Hua , Yang Xing , Liu Zhenjie , Li Xinliang , Zhao Ling , Song Lan , He Jiali , Liu Haibo , Li Xiuming , Liu Lifeng , Li Anxiang , Lu Qiyun , Zou Dongyin , Wen Jianxuan , Xia Yaqing , Wu Liyan , Huang Haoyue , Zhang Yuan , Xie Wenwen , Huang Jinzhu , Luo Lulu , Wu Lulu , He Liu , Liang Qingshun , Chen Qubo , Chen Guowei , Bai Mingze , Qin Jun , Ni Xiaotian , Tang Xianyu , Wang Yi
Published: December 2021

Background

Type 2 diabetic kidney disease is the most common cause of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and end-stage renal diseases (ESRD). Although kidney biopsy is considered as the ‘gold standard’ for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) diagnosis, it is an invasive procedure, and the diagnosis can be influenced by sampling bias and personal judgement. It is desirable to establish a non-invasive procedure that can complement kidney biopsy in diagnosis and tracking the DKD progress.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we collected 252 urine samples, including 134 uncomplicated diabetes, 65 DKD, 40 CKD without diabetes and 13 follow-up diabetic samples, and analyzed the urine proteomes with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). We built logistic regression models to distinguish uncomplicated diabetes, DKD and other CKDs.

Results

We quantified 559 ± 202 gene products (GPs) (Mean ± SD) on a single sample and 2946 GPs in total. Based on logistic regression models, DKD patients could be differentiated from the uncomplicated diabetic patients with 2 urinary proteins (AUC = 0.928), and the stage 3 (DKD3) and stage 4 (DKD4) DKD patients with 3 urinary proteins (AUC = 0.949). These results were validated in an independent dataset. Finally, a 4-protein classifier identified putative pre-DKD3 patients, who showed DKD3 proteomic features but were not diagnosed by clinical standards. Follow-up studies on 11 patients indicated that 2 putative pre-DKD patients have progressed to DKD3.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated the potential for urinary proteomics as a noninvasive method for DKD diagnosis and identifying high-risk patients for progression monitoring.