bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic modeling effect of fullerenes C60 and C70 on phase composition and hydration of Portland cement
Authors: Smirnyagina N N , Tsyrenov B O , Dasheev D E , Urkhanova L A , Lkhasaranov S A
Published: August 2019

This paper presents thermodynamic calculations of the hydration of cement stone with carbon nanomodifier. Carbon nanomodifier was obtained at atmospheric pressure and elevated helium pressure in arc discharge. Cement stone with the use of carbon nano-modifier has improved physical and mechanical properties. Thermodynamic calculations showed that with the addition of carbon nanomodifiers, the phase composition and the kinetics of the hydration of cement stone change.
Purification of aqueous solutions of methylene blue by adsorption on montmorillonite
Authors: Badmaeva S V
Published: August 2019

The adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue on natural and Fe-modified materials obtaining two methods was investigated. It was established that adsorptive capacity of natural and Fe-modified materials depends on their cation-exchange capacity. It was determined that the adsorption capacity of Fe-modified materials with respect to the dye “methylene blue” in aqueous solution depends on the method of obtaining. The adsorption of methylene blue on sorbents describes by Langmuir model (the correlation coefficients are 0.9858-1.0000), which corresponds to monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface.
Assessment of acute and chronic toxicity of water-soluble polyguanidines towards hydrobionts
Authors: Stelmakh S A , Grigor’eva M N , Tikhonenkov D V , Ochirov O S , Mognonov D M
Published: August 2019

There were obtained water-soluble polyguanidines of various structures and molecular weights by polycondensation in the melt of aliphatic amines and guanidine hydrochloride in the presented report. There was assessed the toxicity of a number of polymeric compounds in the acute and chronic experiment on fish. In turn this allowed the visionof the link between the structure of the macromolecular chain and toxic action. There was established the average fatal concentration and the threshold level of the fatal effect, which does not exceed the range of 0.5-2.5 mg/l for different polymer structures. Taking into account the fact that such concentrations are destructive for many unicellular organisms, it is possible to predict their high efficiency in the fight against ectoparasites of fish.
Synthesis of Li3BaSrGd3(MoO4)8 doped with Ce3+ ions
Authors: Kozhevnikova N M , Yu Batueva S
Published: August 2019

The Li3BaSrGd3(MoO4)8:Ce3+ phosphor was synthesized by solid-state reaction and studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, differential-thermal analysis, and IR spectroscopy. The Li3BaSrGd3(MoO4)8:Ce3+ crystallizes in the monoclinic structure with space group C2/c, Z = 2. The luminescence properties of this resulting phosphor are characterized by photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra and excitation (PLE).
Perspective ion-conducting materials based on complex tungstates
Authors: Dorzhieva S G , Bazarov B G , Subanakov A K , Bazarova J G
Published: August 2019

Novel electrolytes based on complex tungstates with general formula CsRTi0.5(WO4)3 (R = Al, Cr) were investigated. X-ray diffraction results show that the single-phase samples can be formed by ceramic technology at 1023 K. Dielectric measurement results indicate that the conductivity of CsCrTi0.5(WO4)3 can reach 0.0011 S cm−1 at 1023 K. The activation energy of the compound calculated according to the Arrhenius plots are 0.4-0.6 eV for T > 873 K. Impedance spectra of the ceramic samples at different temperatures are characterized the high frequency semicircle and a straight line at low frequencies, which is typical for ion-conducting materials. CsRTi0.5(WO4)3 (R = Al, Cr) ceramic materials correspond to a new strategy to design novel electrolytes for various applications.
Development of assay method by HPLC-DAD for the quantitative determination of chromones in Saposhnikovia divaricata radices and its validation
Authors: Urbagarova B M , Taraskin V V , Shul’ts E E , Radnaeva L D
Published: August 2019

Assay method using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was developed and validated for the determination of chromones: prim-Oglucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 4’-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylisamminol. Chromatographic method for the determination of chromones was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, repeatability and intermediate precision. The optimal conditions for the extraction of chromones from the Saposhnikoviae divaricatae radices were selected. It was found that these substances are better extracted with 50% ethanol using ultrasonic extraction at room temperature. The quantity of chromones in Saposhnikoviae Radix of the flora of Buryatia was also determined.
Fatty acid composition of Artemisia santolinifolia Turcz. ex Bess. of flora of Buryatia
Authors: Tsybikova S Z , Randalova T E , Radnaeva L D
Published: August 2019

For the first time, the chromatographic mass spectrometry has been used to study the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the fatty acids of Artemisia santolinifolia Turch. Ex Bess. at different stages of plant development. The study revealed 25 fatty acids, including 18 saturated and 7 unsaturated. The dominant components are palmitic, linoleic, oleic and α-linolenic acids. Comparison of the composition of fatty acids obtained from samples isolated from plants at different phases of development showed that at the beginning of flowering the proportion of SFA (51.80%) is almost equal to the proportion of UFA, (48.20%), at the end of flowering and in the phase of fruiting in both samples the content of SFA (59.44-65.01%) is significantly greater than the UFA (34.98-40.59%).
Polymer composite materials based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and modified montmorillonite
Authors: Danilova S N , Okhlopkova A A , Sleptsova S A , Ivanov A N , Grigoreva L A , Spiridonov A M
Published: August 2019

The research paper presents the results of studies of the influence of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), grade 101/102, on the mechanical and tribological characteristics of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The filler was introduced into the polymer matrix in 0.5, 1 and 2 wt. % content. Samples for testing were obtained by hot pressing. It was found that adding 0.5 wt. % OMMT in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene leads to improving the tensile strength by 23 % and elasticity modulus by 14 % relative to the unfilled polymer. It has been shown that the mass wear rate of the material under dry sliding friction was reduced by 1.5 times and linear wear by 2.8 times compared with initial ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
Mechanical properties and crack resistance of sustainable high strength engineered cementitious composites
Authors: Han Y D , Wang Q , Wang Z B , Yao B Y
Published: August 2019

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is a class of high performance fiber reinforced material designed to overcome the brittleness of concrete. The high content of cementitious material restricts the common application of ECC. To develop a new series of sustainable and durable composite, industrial wastes such as fly ash, silica fume and furnace slag were brought in as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in present study. High strength cement matrixes with three types of SCMs were obtained. Tensile performance of PVA-steel fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composite based on above matrixes were evaluated via uniaxial tensile test. Crack resistance of high strength engineered cementitious composite (HSECC) with industrial wastes were experimentally estimated through steel ring test. Results show that suitable addition of industrial wastes somehow improved the mechanical performance and crack resistance of HSECC and further enhanced the durability and sustainability.
Research on rapid semi-quantitative determination of aluminum in pyrotechnics used for fireworks and firecrackers
Authors: Wu Junyi
Published: August 2019

This study discloses a method for rapid semi-quantitative determination of aluminum in pyrotechnic powder for fireworks and firecrackers based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF), including the following steps: preparation of samples, establishment of testing methods, determination of the characteristic line fluorescence intensity values of Al element in samples, and according to the measured fluorescence intensity values, the aluminum content in the pyrotechnic powder samples can be semi-quantitatively determined. The method of the study has the advantages like that: (1) the method is simple to operate, and it can be repeatedly called for testing. Only one new test method needs to be built before the sample test. After the method is established, the test can be repeated at different times without re-establishing the test method for each test. After the first establishment of the new test method, the entire test process only includes three steps: sample preparation, sample loading into the sample cup and on-board testing. (2) The testing time is extremely short. After the sample is prepared, the entire measurement process takes only about 2 minutes. (3) Labor intensity is very low and the requirements for operators are not very strict. (4) The method has good stability, good repeatability and high credibility.
Towards a theory of multi-parameter geometrical variational problems: Fibre bundles, differential forms, and Riemannian quasiconvexity
Authors: Li Siran
Published: August 2019

We are concerned with the existence and associated gauge problems of a general class of geometrical minimisation problems, with action integrals defined via differential forms over fibre bundles. We find natural algebraic and analytic conditions which give rise to an associated gauge theory. Moreover, we propose the notion of “Riemannian quasiconvexity” for cost functions whose variables are differential forms on Riemannian manifolds, which extends the classical quasiconvexity condition in the Euclidean settings. The existence of minimisers under the Riemannian quasiconvexity condition has been established. This work may serve as a tentative generalisation of the framework developed in the recent paper [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 234 (2019), pp. 317–349] by Dacorogna–Gangbo.
Invited Commentary: Is DNA Methylation an Actionable Mediator of Prenatal Exposure Effects on Child Health?
Authors: Ladd-Acosta Christine , Fallin M Daniele
Published: August 2019

A substantial body of literature has shown robust associations between prenatal smoking exposure and DNA methylation levels. The pattern of DNA methylation can be used as a molecular signature of past prenatal smoking exposure and might also provide mechanistic insights into associations between prenatal smoking exposure and adverse health outcomes. In this issue of the Journal, Cardenas et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(11):1878–1886) evaluated whether DNA methylation mediates the association between prenatal smoking and low birth weight in a tissue that is mechanistically relevant to birth weight—the placenta—using formal mediation analyses. They found that methylation levels, at 5 loci, mediated smoking exposure effects on birth weight but only among children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Given the use of formal mediation methods and measurement in a mechanistically relevant tissue, this work has the potential to inform novel directions for intervention. Replication of these findings in larger and more racially and ethnically diverse samples, repeated measures to better tease apart the timing of DNA methylation changes with respect to exposure and birth weight, and continued use of intervention-focused mediation methods are needed before the impact of these findings will be fully realized.
A-10 Conners Continuous Performance Test-3 in the Evaluation of ADHD Among Veterans
Authors: Stern M , Shura R
Published: August 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare performance on the Conners Continuous Performance Test, third edition (CPT-3), between veterans with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and between presentation types.

Method

This is a retrospective chart review of 226 consecutively referred veterans who completed a standardized, ADHD assessment at a Mid-Atlantic VA Medical Center. ADHD status was determined from a structured interview; all included subjects completed the CPT-3 and validity measures. ANOVA was used to evaluate group differences in T scores across 9 CPT-3 variables. Chi square was used to further evaluate group differences using impairment ranges in the CPT-3 manual.

Results

Final valid sample included 85 veterans with and 54 without ADHD. Veterans with ADHD only showed significantly higher T scores on Hit Reaction Time Standard Deviation, F(1, 137) = 7.7, p = .006, η2 = 0.05, and Hit Reaction Times Inter-Stimulus Interval Change (HRT-ISIC), F(1, 137) = 12.8, p < .001, η2 = 0.09. Veterans diagnosed with ADHD showed higher percentages of scores classified in the impaired ranges for Commissions χ2(1) = 4.3 (p < .039, V = 0.18) and HRT-ISIC χ2(1) = 4.5 (p < .035, V = 0.18). Neither ANOVA or χ2 analyses revealed group differences between ADHD presentations for any CPT-3 measures.

Conclusions

Performance on the CPT-3 was poorer in the ADHD group only for 2 of 9 scores. The CPT-3 was consistently unable to differentiate inattentive from hyperactive/combined ADHD. Diagnostic utility of the CPT-3 in ADHD evaluations may be limited in veteran populations.
B-18 Executive Functioning Best Predicts Performance-Based Financial Skills in Non-Demented Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Nakhla M , Filoteo J , Pluim C , Cabrera Tuazon A , Whiteley N , Zlatar Z , Lessig S , Litvan I , Schiehser D
Published: August 2019

Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) frequently experience cognitive and functional difficulties, even in the absence of dementia. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between specific cognitive abilities and functional skills, such as financial management, in these individuals. Understanding the potential impact of cognition on financial skills in non-demented PD will help discern neuropsychological predictors of real-world performance. 171 non-demented PD patients were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery including a measure of financial skills (University of California San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment; UPSA). Composite scores were created for five cognitive domains: [1] memory, [2] language, [3] executive function, [4] attention, and [5] visuospatial function. Bivariate correlations and hierarchical regressions were conducted to evaluate the associations between UPSA and cognition. There was a significant, positive association between financial skills performance and executive function, memory, attention, and language (r = .165 – .265; all p’s < .04), but not visuospatial function (r = .071, p = .37). Controlling for demographic factors, multiple linear regressions revealed that higher levels of executive function significantly predicted better UPSA performance (B = .323, p < .01). Findings suggest that several cognitive abilities are associated with adequate financial management, but that executive function, above and beyond other cognitive abilities, is the best predictor of this particular skill in non-demented PD. The assessment of cognition – specifically executive function – may be useful in identifying PD patients who may be at risk for financial management difficulties. Furthermore, findings have implications for the implementation of executive function-based interventions for the enhancement of everyday financial tasks in non-demented PD.
B-19 Intelligence and Memory in Neurofibromatosis Type I
Authors: Myers M , Maddigan A , Santa Maria M
Published: August 2019

Objective

An investigation into memory and intellectual functioning of 18 individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) was undertaken.

Method

Ten children [mean age=8.9 (SD = 3.4; range = 5-16), 54.5% male, 81.9% Caucasian, 9.1% African American, 9.1% mixed race] and 9 adults [mean age = 55.7 (SD = 23.9; range = 19-88), 63.6% male, 90.9% Caucasian, 9.1% African American] completed neuropsychological assessments. One individual completed initial assessment as a child and underwent re-evaluation as an adult, and 1 child and 2 adults completed re-evaluations.

Results

For adults, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-4/3) was administered. For children, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-5/4), Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-3), Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB-5), and WAIS-3 were utilized. Mean Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) in adults was 83.4 (SD = 12.8; range 69-98) and in children was 83.8 (SD = 11.6; range 65-102). Visual and verbal memory was assessed with a variety of instruments, and performance ranged from impaired to high normal across immediate recall (percentile range < 1-98), delayed recall (percentile range < 1-91), and delayed recognition (percentile range < 1-91).

Conclusions

Mean intelligence among persons in this NF-1 clinical sample was found to be in low average range. Many persons with NF-1 showed mean immediate and delayed verbal recall in normal range, though a subset of individuals demonstrated impaired range verbal memory. Overall, children with NF-1 tend to show memory performance at levels above their own IQ level. Adults with NF-1 frequently perform at levels equivalent to or above their IQ level, albeit with exceptions evidenced among a subset of adults.
B-24 Objective and Subjective Sleep Measures are Associated with Neurocognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With and Without HIV
Authors: Campbell L , Kohli M , Heaton A , Higgins M , Lee E , Kaufmann C , Heaton R , Moore D , Moore R
Published: August 2019

Objective

Poorer sleep quality is related to worse cognitive functioning in the general population and people living with HIV; however, many studies use self-report sleep questionnaires that rely on retrospective recall. This study aimed to examine the relationship between objective (wrist actigraphy) and subjective sleep quality with neurocognitive functioning.

Method

Eighty-five adults aged 50-74 years with and without HIV (HIV+ n = 53, HIV- n = 32) were recruited from the community and ongoing studies at UC San Diego. Participants completed comprehensive neuropsychological testing assessing global and domain-specific cognition. Participants wore actigraphy watches for 14 nights after neuropsychological testing to objectively assess sleep quality (i.e., total sleep time (TST), efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep fragmentation). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index assessed subjective sleep quality.

Results

After adjusting for demographic variables and use of sleep medications, there were no differences in any sleep quality measures by HIV status (p’s>0.05). In separate adjusted linear regression models, lower sleep efficiency (p = 0.02; 95% CI: -9.5, -1.1) and greater sleep fragmentation (p = 0.02; 95% CI: -0.82, -0.09) were associated with worse learning. Less TST was associated with worse working memory (p = 0.02; 95% CI: -9.2, -0.8). In contrast, worse subjective sleep quality was associated with worse executive function (p < 0.01; 95% CI: -1.18, -0.23) and working memory (p = 0.03; 95% CI: -1.22, -0.07).

Conclusion

Both objective and subjective sleep quality were associated with cognition in both persons with and without HIV; however, subjective and objective sleep quality were associated with different cognitive domains. Therefore, both objective and subjective sleep quality are important health behaviors to assess.
B-25 Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Improves Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Whiteley N , King H , Cabrera Tuazon A , Pluim C , Nakhla M , Mills P
Published: August 2019

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by debilitating motor and non-motor symptoms. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) has been shown to alleviate stress, mood, and sleep in musculoskeletal conditions and older adults, as well as improve gait and balance in PD and elderly patients, respectively. Research on the efficacy of OMT in reducing PD symptoms is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate changes in mood, cognitive, and motor symptoms in a sample of non-demented PD patients following 6-weeks of OMT. Sixteen non-demented individuals with PD received 6 weekly 30-minute OMT by an osteopathic physician. Participants were administered measures of cognition (Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale; PD-CRS), anxiety (Geriatric Anxiety Inventory; GAI), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI), stress (Perceived Stress Scale; PSS), and motor function (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-Part 3) before and after treatment. Paired-samples t-tests were used to examine changes in symptoms pre and post-OMT. Results revealed significant improvement in cognition (PD-CRS; p = .015) and perceived stress (PSS; p = .02) from pre- to post-intervention. There was a trend towards improvement in anxiety (GAI; p = .064) and sleep quality (PSQI; p = .08). There was no change in motor symptoms from pre- to post-OMT (p = .56). Findings suggest that OMT may improve non-motor symptoms – particularly cognition and stress - in PD. Future research is needed to determine if these effects can be replicated within a randomized-control-trial and maintained over time. With further research, OMT may prove to be a beneficial non-invasive treatment for non-motor symptoms in PD.
B-26 Predictors of Cognitive Decline Over a 2-year Follow up: Olfaction and Scans Without Evidence of Dopaminergic Deficit Status (SWEDD)
Authors: Lopez F , Rohl B , Wagle Shukla A , Bowers D
Published: August 2019

Objective

Given the high discriminatory power of olfaction assessments in movement disorders, the current study sought to determine whether olfaction dysfunction differentially predicted cognitive decline in patients who have scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD). Dopamine depletion is a major neuropathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, 15% of patients with a clinical PD diagnosis have neuroimaging evidence of intact dopaminergic function. Recent work has suggested that patients with SWEDD are at a greater risk of cognitive impairment relative to those with PD.

Methods

Archival data were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative database. The total sample included three groups: PD (n = 401), SWEDD (n = 51), and HC (n = 175). Participants were categorized into non-impaired (-) or impaired (+) olfaction groups based on performance on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, corrected for age and gender. Participants were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment twice and change scores were calculated to examine changes in cognition over time (baseline – two-year follow-up).

Results

A bootstrapped analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the SWEDD+ group had lower MoCA scores than PD+ and HC+ groups at baseline (ps < .05). A bootstrapped ANOVA indicated that group differences were not significant at follow-up; rather, impaired baseline olfaction predicted cognitive decline across all study participants (p < .05), regardless of diagnosis.

Conclusions

Future studies are needed to assess whether the profile of motor and non-motor symptoms in SWEDD patients, including olfaction, is deserving of its own syndrome, or whether individual patients may fit better under alternative, existing diagnoses.
A-11 Fatigue and Errors in Aeromedicine (FEAr) Pilot Study
Authors: Nosker J , Cornelius A , Lassen M , Bragg T
Published: August 2019

Objective

The FEAr pilot study was conducted to evaluate the construct validity of an instrument that measures self-reported fatigue levels among air medics (the Flight Risk Assessment [FRA] measure).

Data Selection

The population of interest, flight medics, is highly specialized and relatively small. As a result, non-probability, convenience sampling was used (N = 27). The participants were recruited from one air medical company with bases located across ten western states. Medics took two measures, the FRA and the PVT, three times a day, for three days.

Data Synthesis

To establish construct validity, scores on the FRA were compared to scores on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), which is a widely used and validated measure to detect fatigue in field settings. The results of the study indicate that a total of five questions on the FRA was significantly and moderately correlated with the PVT efficiency score (r = -.49, p = .01). The mean reaction time was also significantly correlated with the total FRA score (r = .59, p = .001). Notably, perceived fitness for duty was poorly correlated with fatigue levels as measured by the FRA (r < .01).

Conclusions

The results of this study contribute to a very limited body of research on fatigue among air medical providers. Specifically, the study contributes to the knowledge about the construct validity of the Flight Risk Assessment, which can be used to evaluate fatigue among air medics. Further analysis can assist in determining appropriate cutoff scores to inform time-out policies for medics.
B-28 Prognostic Utility of a Prediction Model for Memory Decline in Epilepsy Following Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy
Authors: Bono A , Lee G
Published: August 2019

Objective

It is important to evaluate risk for post-surgical cognitive decline in a systematic and reliable fashion due to the variable risk of memory decline following epilepsy surgery. Mathematical risk models have been developed to predict post-surgical memory decline (e.g., Stroup et al., 2003), but few studies have evaluated their prognostic utility. This study evaluated the predictive value of the Stroup et al., (2003) multivariate risk factor model in predicting postoperative verbal memory outcome among epilepsy patients who underwent left selective amygdalohippocampectomy.

Method

This retrospective study included 16 left-sided localization-related epilepsy surgery patients who underwent neuropsychological evaluation pre- and post-surgery. Patients were assigned to two risk groups: mild to moderate risk (15 to 60%) and severe risk (>61%) for postoperative memory decline, which was based on Stroup et al., (2003) criteria, suggesting that individuals with the highest risk had dominant hemisphere resections, no hippocampal sclerosis, normal Wada memory, and normal preoperative immediate and delayed memory scores. Memory decline was determined by pre- minus post-surgery memory test difference scores with 1.5 SD denoting a significant decline.

Results

The formula predicted postoperative memory decline with 75% accuracy for patients in the high risk group and no significant decline with 92% accuracy for patients in the mild to moderate risk group.

Conclusion

The results suggest that Stroup’s predictive formula for verbal memory outcome following epilepsy surgery may be useful for patients undergoing left selective amygdalohippocampectomy surgery, consistent with prior research suggesting prognostic utility with left temporal lobectomy patients (e.g., Johnson-Markve et al., 2009).
B-31 The Experience of Shame in Individuals with Epilepsy
Authors: Roper C , Fedio A , Fedio P
Published: August 2019

Objective

This study explored the impact of shame on individuals with epilepsy and its relationship with seizure characteristics, other self-conscious emotions, quality of life, and multiple psychosocial factors.

Method

Fourteen participants diagnosed with epilepsy (57% female, mean age 42, mean epilepsy duration 16 years) were recruited from a private neurology practice and local epilepsy support groups. All were interviewed about their history of epilepsy. Measures included the Compass of Shame Scale, State Shame and Guilt Scale, and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy–10. Results of Pearson and Spearman’s rho correlations as well as mean comparison analyses are reported (p < .05).

Results

Participants generally scored higher on measures of shame than standardization samples. Quality of life related negatively to overall seizures (r = -.71) and positively to pride (r = .56). Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were positively related to state-shame (r = .61) and negatively related to pride (r = -.77). State-shame related positively to guilt (r = .57) and negatively to pride (r = -.76). Overall trait-shame related to personal traits of withdrawal (r = .64), attacking self (r = .78), and attacking others (r = .66). Participants with previous neurosurgical treatment for epilepsy endorsed fewer shame withdrawal traits (t[12] = -3.19) than nonsurgical patients. Participants currently working endorsed lower levels of state-shame (t[12] = -2.36) and higher quality of life (t[12] = 3.58) than unemployed participants.

Conclusions

Shame presented as a strong factor in individuals with epilepsy as it related to seizure type and frequency, history of neurosurgical intervention, and employment status. Findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive treatment of patients with epilepsy, including consideration of potential shame feelings, in order to achieve optimal overall quality of life.
B-35 Differences in Blood Flow Perfusion at Baseline in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Gilmore M , Horne K , Datoc A , Ailes E , Golden C , Amen D , Willeumier K , Taylor D
Published: August 2019

Objective

To examine differences in blood flow perfusion, measured by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), at baseline between individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder and healthy controls.

Method

The participants were part of an archival de-identified SPECT database. The sample (N = 160) had a Mage = 38.85, was primarily male (53.1%) and Caucasian (55%). The sample consisted of individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder using DSM-IV criteria (n = 80, Mage = 36.06, SD = 15.453, 61.3% male) and no DSM-IV diagnosis (n = 80, Mage = 41.64, SD = 16.473, 45% male).

Results

One-way ANOVAs showed hypoperfusion in the following areas: left (F[1,158] = 19.100,p < .001) and right Limbic region (F[1,158] = 16.938,p < .001) and left (F[1,158] = 41.959,p < .001) and right Basal Ganglia region (F[1,158] = 35.768,p < .001 and hyperperfusion in the following areas: left (F[1,158] = 20.639,p < .001) and right (F[1,158] = 15.645,p < .001) Cerebellum region.

Conclusion

Results of this study do not support previous research which has consistently found hypoperfusion in the temporal and parietal lobes across depressive and manic episodes. Furthermore, hypoperfusion of the right Limbic region is generally seen in those experiencing a depressive episode, while hyperperfusion of the left is seen during a manic episode. It is possible that participants of this study were not experiencing a depressive or manic episode at baseline. Results may be suggestive of euthymia which is distinguishable from healthy controls. It is also possible that these results are indicative of rCBF when a manic or depressive episode ends and transition into a euthymic state begins. Overall, little is known about rCBF in euthymia and this study is limited by unknown diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder I or II.
A-12 Neuroticism and Extraversion are Related to Dual Task Postural Stability in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Kennedy C , Higginson C , Valenti M , Ibrahim K , Knarr B , Ryan R , Higginson J
Published: August 2019

Objective

The relation between personality and postural stability has received little attention. This study addressed whether neuroticism and extraversion are related to changes in postural stability and cognitive functioning during a standing balance task.

Method

Thirty-two healthy young adults completed a personality measure and two cognitive tasks, a 2-back task and a weather prediction task (WPT), both while seated and in tandem stance on a foam mat. Sway was quantified via normalized path lengths, and correlation coefficients were calculated between neuroticism, extraversion and dual task changes in postural stability and cognitive functioning.

Results

Consistent with predictions, higher neuroticism was related to increased dual task sway during the 2-back task, r = 0.40, p = 0.023, and lower extraversion was related to increased dual task sway during the WPT, r = -0.43, p = 0.013.

Conclusions

The results suggest that personality is related to postural stability in healthy young adults and that personality should be considered in the prediction of individuals at risk for falling or in the treatment of individuals with balance difficulties. The task-specific nature of the relation is discussed and may be due to differences in anxiety or underlying brain mechanisms between high neuroticism and low extraversion.
B-42 SPECT Differences between PTSD and Healthy Controls
Authors: Stebbins L , Derbaly A , Golden C , Amen D , Taylor D , Willeumier K
Published: August 2019

Objective

To test whether Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) alters brain activity compared to a Healthy group at baseline, as measured by a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging.

Methods

The sample (n  = 189) included a PTSD group (n  = 109, Mage = 43.4, 23% Male, 71.6% Caucasian.) and a Healthy group (n  = 80, Mage = 41.5, 45 Males, 41.3% Caucasian.).

Results

The results revealed significant decrease (p < .01) of CBF in the PTSD group in the left (F(1,187) = 9.678, p = .002) and right (F(1,187) = 7.112, p = .008) Basal Ganglia compared to the healthy group. The left (F(1,187) = 10.384, p = .002) and right (F(1,187) = 8.892, p = .003) Cerebellum and the left (F(1,187) = 5.591, p = .019) and right (F(1,187) = 5.898, p = .016) Temporal areas had significant increases in CBF in the PTSD group compared to the Healthy group.

Conclusion

The pattern of increased CBF in the Temporal lobes in those suffering from PTSD can be associated with personal increase in emotional responsivity. The increase in emotional lability can be related to the symptoms that are evident in PTSD, including, attention and consolidation of memory. Furthermore, the increased cerebellar CBF may affect major functions including motor movements and procedural memory. By having overactivation in these areas individuals with PTSD may experience symptoms of increased alertness, hypervigilance, and inability to control behavioral actions that have previously been learned in stressful situations. Decreased CBF in the Basal Ganglia of the PTSD group suggests an aberration of functions controlled by this area, such as, motor learning, executive functions, and reinforcement-learning. Treatment of PTSD can target discrete brain systems related to these differences in cognitive activity.
B-47 Depressive Symptomatology Subsequent to Comorbid Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Ratcliffe L , Mayfield C , Marker C
Published: August 2019

Objective

The researchers hypothesized that 1) individuals with comorbid traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) will endorse increased depressive symptomatology compared to individuals with SCI only, 2) TBI severity will contribute to endorsed depressive symptomatology, and 3) premorbid psychopathology will exacerbate current symptom presentation.

Method

Data from the federally funded SCI Model System Centers was analyzed. From the population (N = 32,159) of individuals with SCI, a sample (n = 7,709) of individuals with comorbid SCI and TBI was obtained to assess impact on depressive symptomatology. Scores on the first two items of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a validated screening tool for depression, were utilized for analysis of depressive symptomatology.

Results

There was a significant difference in individuals’ PHQ-9-q1 scores at the first year without TBI (M = 0.72, SD = 0.98) compared to those with TBI (M = 0.86, SD = 1.05; t (1610) = -3.04, p = 0.002, two-tailed). The magnitude of the differences in means (mean difference = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.24 to -0.05) was very small (eta squared = 0.005). Further analysis indicated premorbid depression and co-occurrence of premorbid PTSD and depression were significant predictors of endorsed depressive symptomatology. More in-depth results from these analyses will be presented on the poster.

Conclusion

This study supports the components proposed by the diathesis-stress model, wherein interactions between predisposing factors and situational stressors contribute to the development of psychopathology. Moreover, these findings suggest the importance of assessing for premorbid psychopathology in individuals with comorbid SCI and TBI as psychological treatment will be crucial in maximizing clinical outcomes.
B-50 Frequency of Sports-Related Concussion in Athletes with Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Authors: Flood S , Kuwabara H , Hussey J , Fraga B , Kinsora T , Ross S , Allen D
Published: August 2019

Objective

Research demonstrates that athletes with neurodevelopmental diagnoses may have a higher frequency of lifetime concussions (Iverson et al., 2016; Alosco, Fedor & Gunstad, 2014) possibly due to underlying attention, processing speed, or reaction time difficulties. The present study investigates concussion history and sports-related concussions between athletes with and without a history of neurodevelopmental disorders in a longitudinal, state-wide sample.

Method

Participants included 39,586 high school athletes (Mage = 15.18; 56.2% males) who were assessed pre and post-concussion with ImPACT between 2008 and 2016. There were 36,880 athletes (55.1% males) who did not report neurodevelopmental disorders and served as the control group and 2,706 athletes (71.4% males) in the clinical group who self-reported diagnosis of ADHD (55.6%), Learning Disability (LD;13.6%), Autism (3.2%), ADHD+LD (4.5%), and athletes in special education but no reported diagnosis (SpEd; 22%). Concussion frequency in each group was analyzed using chi-square analysis.

Results

Athletes were more likely to report prior concussions if they had a self-reported neurodevelopmental diagnosis (17%) compared to the control group (9%, χ2(1) = 112.11, p < .001). Odds ratios indicated that athletes with neurodevelopmental conditions were 1.43 times more likely to have a sports-related concussion.

Conclusions

Consistent with past research, results indicate that neurodevelopmental conditions are associated with greater lifetime risk of concussion, including sport-related concussions. Future studies may expand this research by examining underlaying causes of this increased risk in order to develop specific interventions to help reduce rates of concussion for this population.
B-51 Impact of Resilience on Symptoms and Mood during Recovery in Adolescents and Young Adults Following Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Meredith-Duliba T , Bunt S , Didehbani N , Miller S , Straub J , Wang H , Cullum C
Published: August 2019

Objective

It is unclear how resilience, the ability to “bounce back” from a stressful experience, is associated with recovery following a sport-related concussion (SRC). The aim of this project is to assess how resilience is related to symptoms following SRC.

Method

Participants (N = 353) aged 12-25 were evaluated within 30 days of injury at clinics in the ConTex Concussion Registry. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 symptom evaluation, Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), General Anxiety Disorder-7 Item (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-8 Item (PHQ-8) were administered at initial visit and at three-months. BRS scores were used to place subjects into low (n = 40), average (n = 214), and high (n = 99) resilience groups, with a 2 (time) by 3 (group) repeated measures ANOVA to compare symptom scales.

Results

At initial visit subjects with low resilience reported higher GAD-7 [F (2,308) = 3.95, p = .02; 95% C.I. 5.19, 7.64] and PHQ-8 [F (2,311) = 4.40, p = .01; 95% C.I. 4.76, 7.47] scores compared to average and high resilience samples and demonstrated significant interaction effects with time. Subjects with low resilience also endorsed more initial SCAT5 symptoms [F (2,350) = 3.69, p = .026, 95% C.I. 10.99, 14.18] but showed no interaction with time.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that resilience may influence mood (anxiety & depression) initially and during SRC recovery. Consideration of resilience as a pre-injury factor may be important in SRC research.
B-60 Resilience is Associated with Overall Health-related Quality of Life in Caregivers of Service Members and Veterans Following Traumatic Brain Injury.
Authors: Brickell T , French L , Lippa S , Lange R
Published: August 2019

Objective

To examine the influence of caregiver resilience on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in caregivers of service members/veterans (SMVs) following a traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

Caregivers (N = 346, Female = 96.2%; Spouse = 91.0%%; Age: M = 40.6 years) of SMVs following a mild, moderate, severe, or penetrating TBI were recruited from Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and via community outreach to participate in the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center 15-Year Longitudinal TBI Study (Sec721 NDAA FY2007). Caregivers completed the Caregiver Appraisal Scale and 15 HRQOL measures. Caregivers were divided into three groups using the Resilience scale from the TBI-QOL: (1) Low Resilience [n = 125], (2) Moderate Resilience [n = 122], and (3) High Resilience [n = 99].

Results

There were significant main effects across groups for all HRQOL measures (ps < .001). The Low Resilience group had consistently worse scores compared to both the Moderate and High Resilience groups (d = .50-1.60). The largest effect sizes were found for the Caregiving Satisfaction, Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Social Isolation, Perceived Stress, Caregiver Strain, and Feelings of Loss-Self scales (d = .91-1.60). Step-wise regression analyses revealed that Perceived Stress was the most significant predictor of resilience (R2 = 33.3%), with Caregiver Satisfaction (R2change = 5.0%), Depression (R2change = 1.8%), Caregiver Mastery (R2change = 1.7), Caregiver Specific Anxiety (R2change = 1.2) and Feelings of Loss-Self (R2change = 1.1%) contributing some additional variance in subsequent steps.

Conclusions

There was a moderate to high relationship between resilience and overall HRQOL in caregivers of SMVs following TBI. Targeted interventions to increase caregiver resilience may be warranted to ensure that burden of care does not undermine the caregiver’s heath and impact the SMV’s recovery and reintegration.
B-61 Single-Item Reporting on the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory to Determine Clinical Levels of Depression: How Brief is too Brief?
Authors: Palmer G , Arch A , Falcone G , Olson S
Published: August 2019

Objective

The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) is frequently used in the Department of Veterans Affairs as a self-report measure to assess for a variety of medical and mental health concerns in veterans who have suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI). Only one item on the NSI (item 20) relates to depressive symptoms (i.e., feeling depressed or sad). The purpose of the study was to compare responses on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) with item 20 of the NSI to determine classification for mild depressive symptomatology.

Method

Retrospective data collected from veteran patients (N = 325) of a polytrauma outpatient clinic were used in the analysis. Veterans were excluded if cutoff scores exceeded an embedded validity scale (i.e., NSI Validity-10) or had missing data. Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine which item score (i.e., score of 0-4) on the NSI best classified the presence of depressive symptoms as measured by a BDI-II cut-off score greater than 13 (i.e., mild depression).

Results

There were 55 subjects who tested positive for depression based on a cut-off score of 3 on the NSI. The ROC analysis was significant (AUC = .822, p < .001; 95% CI = .774 - .871). A cut-off score of greater than 13 on the BDI-II yielded a sensitivity rate of .982 and a specificity rate of .607.

Conclusions

These results indicate that item 20 of the NSI is indicative of a positive screen for depressive symptomatology with scores of 3 or greater indicating that further evaluation for depression is warranted.
B-65 Systematic Review of Pre-Injury Mental Health Problems as a Vulnerability Factor for Worse Outcome Following Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Iverson G , Williams M , Gardner A , Terry D
Published: August 2019

Objective

A systematic review of the extent to which pre-injury mental health problems are a vulnerability factor for slower clinical recovery from sport-related concussion, defined as recovery from symptoms or a return to normal activities, including school and sports, following injury.

Data Selection

We conducted a search using (i) concussion-related terms, (ii) sport/athlete-related terms, and (iii) diverse predictor/modifier terms in the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO®, MEDLINE®, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies published by February 2019 that examined pre-injury mental health problems as a possible predictor of clinical recovery from concussion were included. A total of 4,013 articles were screened. A full-text review was conducted on 358 articles, and 12 articles were ultimately included.

Data Synthesis

Those with a preinjury history of mental health problems were at greater risk for having persistent symptoms. There are major methodological differences across the studies. Most of the articles were not focused on mental health as a primary predictor, and the sample sizes in most studies were small. The type of preinjury mental health problems were inconsistently defined. The age of onset, course, severity, and duration of mental health problems were not defined. The extent to which the mental health problems were present prior to the season, during baseline testing, was not reported.

Conclusions

Pre-injury mental health difficulties predict prolonged recovery from concussion, but much more research is needed to understand the mechanisms and the magnitude of the effect.
B-69 The Effect of Bilingualism on Symbol Digit Modalities Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults
Authors: Rugh-Fraser R , Litvin P , Lopez Hernandez W , Knight J , Arzuyan A , Cervantes R , Bueno A , Fatoorechi S , Mangassarian S , Hardy DVespa P , Plurad D , Hovda D , Woo E , Fuster J , Budding D , Wright M
Published: August 2019

Objective

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors exhibit cognitive deficits. Language factors can also influence neurocognitive performance. We examined the effects of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on a test of attention and cognitive speed (i.e., Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SDMT).

Method

The sample (N = 98) consisted of 37 controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 34 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 22 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury; chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effect of TBI and language on SDMT written and oral performance.

Results

A main effect was found between groups (control and TBI groups) on SDMT written, p < .001, ηp² = .19 and SDMT oral p < .001, ηp² = .16. Pairwise comparisons revealed a difference between the control group and TBI groups, with TBI groups performing worse. A main effect for bilingualism/monolingualism was not found; interaction effects emerged between TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on SDMT written, p < .05, ηp² = .07 and SDMT oral p < .05, ηp² = .07.

Conclusion

TBI groups performed worse than controls on the SDMT. Relative to monolinguals with TBI, our findings suggest better cognitive recovery of verbal attention and cognitive speed in bilingual TBI participants.