bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NACIONALNI IDENTITET KROZ KOLEKTIVNO SJEĆANJE I JEZIK
Authors: Tomaić Tatjana
Published: December 2024

Još je u antici, pa sve do razvoja ideje o narodnom suverenitetu, bila poznata vrijednost pamćenja i kolektivnoga identiteta u procesu spoznaje i oblikovanja političke zajednice. Francuski povjesničar Jules Michelet istaknuo je potrebu oblikovanja povijesti za narod. Sjećanje i historiografi ja nadopunjuju se i kao takva povijest ima smisla kada njezina interpretacija komunicira sa sadašnjošću. Sjećanja ostvaruju svoju funkciju u formiranju i oblikovanju kolektivnog i zajedničkog identiteta. Povijesno sjećanje koristi se u politici diferencijacije kroz konstrukciju političke borbe za legitimaciju vlastite i delegitimaciju protivničke pozicije. Prijepori oko načina pamćenja postaju uzrok društvenih podjela kojima se oblikuju identiteti.
Jezik je sastavnica identiteta i omogućuje pripadnicima da ostanu u doticaju s vlastitom poviješću i kulturnom baštinom. Jezična homogenizacija prirodan je atribut nacije i preduvjet za nju. Uporaba nacionalnoga jezika dio je i definicije pripadnosti naciji. Unificiran jezik ovisi o razvoju standardnoga jezika posredstvom obrazovanja, opće pismenosti i dostupnosti tiskanih medija. Nacionalni jezik je konstrukt, stoga politička klasa nadgledava standardizaciju i njezino planiranje kroz institucije, obrazovni sustav i djelovanje političkih elita.
Istraživačka pitanja bavit će se definicijom i konstrukcijom nacionalnog identiteta. Kakva je funkcija sjećanja u oblikovanju nacionalnog identiteta? Kakva je uloga jezika u izgradnji identiteta i oblikovanju solidarnosti koja izvire iz osjećaja zajedničke nacionalne pripadnosti?
Ključne riječi: nacionalni identitet, jezik, kultura sjećanja, povijest
ZNANOST, SCIJENTIZAM I IDEOLOGIJA
Authors: Kutleša Stipe
Published: December 2024

Znanost bi trebalo razlikovati od scijentizma koji ističe znanost kao jedini način spoznaje koji vodi do istine. Ta se tvrdnja temelji na metafizičkom uvjerenju. Pokazuje se koje su glavne odlike znanosti, njezini nedostatci te se interpretira znanost u scijentizmu. Scijentizam smatra da je racionalnost svojstvena znanosti koju želi proširiti na sva područja ljudske racionalnosti. Prema scijentističkom tumačenju, vjera i religija su iracionalne i štetne, a metafizika je besmislena. Scijentizam sam upada u logička protuslovlja, ali ne odustaje od svojih tvrdnji. S obzirom na to da se scijentizam ne može opravdati znanstveno, a i logički je nekonzistentan, može ga se smatrati nekom vrstom ideologije.
Ključne riječi: znanost, scijentizam, ideologija, znanstvena metoda, vjera
AUSTROUGARSKA JEZIČNA POLITIKA NA PRIMJERU NORME BOSANSKO-HERCEGOVAČKIH NOVINA U PRVOJ GODINI NJIHOVA IZLAŽENJA
Authors: Novaković Šimun
Published: December 2024

Rad se u prvom dijelu bavi prikazom jezične norme Bosansko-hercegovačkih novina, prvih službenih novina objavljenih za vrijeme austrougarske uprave. Uvidom u jezičnu strukturu utvrđeno je da se u novinama primjenjuje norma zagrebačke filološke škole, kao i hrvatska terminologija. Primjena norme zagrebačke filološke škole otkriva da nije postojao neprekinut tijek korištenja istog jezičnog tipa u bosanskohercegovačkim službenim glasilima od turskoga do austrougarskoga razdoblja. U drugom dijelu rada naglasak je stavljen na austrougarsku jezičnu politiku i nominaciju jezika. Primjetno je da u prvoj godini vladavine austrougarska uprava nije imala jasne smjernice provođenja jezične politike. Zanimljivo je da se i pored primjene norme zagrebačke filološke škole jezik u Bosansko-hercegovačkim novinama naziva bosanskim imenom. U istom razdoblju korištene su i neke druge odrednice, primjerice hrvatski, zemaljski, zemaljski-bosanski jezik i sl.
Ključne riječi: austrougarska jezična politika, Bosansko-hercegovačke novine, norma zagrebačke filološke škole, nominacija jezika u BiH
HANDKEOVA (NE)PRAVDA ZA BOSNU I HERCEGOVINU
Authors: Petrović Ivica
Published: December 2024

Tekstovi austrijskoga pisca Petera Handkea o bivšoj Jugoslaviji, posebice „Zimsko putovanje na rijeke Dunav, Savu, Moravu i Drinu ili pravda za Srbiju“ (1995.) te „Ljetni dodatak zimskom putovanju“ (1996.) bili su povodom polemike koja je na europskoj razini s većim ili manjim intenzitetom vođena gotovo dva desetljeća. Uz kratak osvrt na genezu tzv. Jugoslavenske polemike u prilogu će biti prikazani autorovi stavovi i razmišljanja o pitanjima vezanima za područje Bosne i Hercegovine, osobito pitanje genocida u Srebrenici i događaja u istočnoj Bosni. Dio priloga posvećen je i recepciji Handkeovih tekstova i spomenute polemike u BiH, a kao primjer će poslužiti izbor tekstova u dnevnom tisku i časopisima u BiH.
Ključne riječi: Peter Handke, Bosna i Hercegovina, Srebrenica, genocid, recepcija
MEDIJSKA PISMENOST – RAZVIJANJE KRITIČKOGA DISKURSA
Authors: Kukić Damir , Sivrić Ivana
Published: December 2024

Usprkos ubrzanu razvoju novih tehnologija i novih medija u društvu, ne postoji dovoljno jasna rasprava o pitanjima vezanim za medijsku pismenost. Novo medijsko okruženje u kojem su recipijenti sve aktivniji i u kojem posvećuju više vremena medijskim sadržajima, zahtijeva kvalitetan i odgovoran pristup medijskom obrazovanju, posebno djece i mladih. U području medijskoga obrazovanja ne postoji sustavan pristup podizanju razine medijske pismenosti kod djece. To je sustavan, interdisciplinaran i dugotrajan proces promjene. Medijska pismenost podrazumijeva posjedovanje određenih znanja i kreiranje kritičkoga pristupa. Razvijanje kritičkoga diskursa i stjecanje kompetencija ključan je cilj i interes medijskoga opismenjavanja.
Ključne riječi: medijska pismenost, kompetencija, medijski odgoj, časopisi za djecu i mlade, kritički diskurs
ETNIČKI IDENTITET OSIJEKA U POVIJESNOM TIJEKU (KRETANJE NARODA, KULTURA I JEZIKA)
Authors: Živaković-Kerže Zlata , Brekalo Miljenko , Lukić Anamarija
Published: December 2024

U radu su autori prikazali Osijek kao izrazito multietnički i multikulturalni grad koji je svoj hrvatski identitet počeo graditi od početka 20. stoljeća. To potvrđuje popis iz 1910. godine kada Hrvati, kao domicilan narod ovih prostora, postaju najbrojnija nacionalna skupina. Prateći u povijesnom tijeku promjene strukture stanovništva, istaknut je poseban utjecaj migracija pretežito seoskoga stanovništva u gradove vezane za proces industrijalizacije te kulturalna gibanja („hrvatski pokret“). Unatoč tomu i nakon tih migracijskih promjena zadržao se jezik „prošlog vremena“. Naime, iako je hrvatski jezik od 1848. bio službeni jezik Kraljevine Hrvatske i Slavonije, u gradu na Dravi njemačkim su jezikom govorili svi ili gotovo svi Osječani; njime su se služili neslužbeno, osobno. To je bio tzv. esekerski jezik kao lokalno narječje, tj. iskrivljen njemački jezik s primjesama hrvatskoga i mađarskoga jezika.
Ključne riječi: Osijek, multinacionalnost, multikulturalnost, popisi stanovništva, materinski jezik, esekerstvo, hrvatski jezik, njemački jezik, 20. stoljeće
Emerging Challenges and Future Directions in Federated Unlearning
Authors: Brahmani G. , Haritha K. , Bhuvaneswari M. , Bharathi M. , Srinivas T. Aditya Sai
Published: December 2024

Federated Unlearning (FU) is becoming increasingly important in Federated Learning (FL) for safeguarding privacy by enabling the removal of specific client data from trained models. This review delves into the key challenges and emerging directions in FU, particularly around incentive mechanisms, environmental sustainability, and its use in large foundation models. We explore how personalized incentives can help retain users and examine strategies to reduce energy consumption in unlearning processes, promoting greener AI. Additionally, we address the complexities of implementing FU in large-scale models, where partial retraining may cause unpredictable impacts on model performance. Tackling these issues is crucial for advancing FU solutions that are scalable, efficient, and sustainable, especially as FL expands across diverse applications.
Human Social Function in the History of Islamic Philosophy
Authors: Тұмашбай Талғат , Құрманғалиева Ғалия
Published: December 2024

Мақалада ортағасырлық ойшылдар әл-Фараби мен әл-Ғазалидің философиялық көзқарастарындағы адамның іс-әрекеттілігінің қоғамдық мазмұны, тұлғаның кемелділігі, ислам дінінің этикалық құндылықтары негізіндегі адамның рухани дүниетанымы, уақытты бағалауы пайымдалды. Адамның өз болмысын тануындағы әл-Фараби ұсынған ақыл іс-әрекеттілігі, білім арқылы ақиқатты тануы, әл-Ғазалидің Жаратушы сырын мистикалық тану әдістері арқылы адамның өзінің және қоршаған әлемнің ақиқатын тануы қарастырылды. Мақаланың мазмұнын ақылдың іс-әрекеттілігі және ойлау формалары, адамның діни антропологиялық сипаттары, қоғамның түрлері және оны басқарудағы қажеттіліктер, діни контекст пен іскерлікке қатысты мәдениет ұғымдары құрайды. Ойшылдардың шығармаш ылығындағы тұлға кемелділігін анықтаудың әдістеріне назар аударылды. Атап айтқанда, әл-Фарабидің қайырымды қаласындығы өнер, кемел басшы концеп-циясы, әл-Ғазали ұсынған қоғамды басқаруға тән қажеттіліктер, хәкім Абайдың толық адам концепциясы салыстырмалы талдаулар арқылы берілді.
The Phenomenon of Trust: a Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Дабылтаева Мақпал , Иманбекова Бибігүл , Тоқтаров Ермек
Published: December 2024

Мақалада «сенім феноменін» тұжырымдамалық анықтаудың әлеуметтік-психологиялық, экономикалық және саясаттану ғылымдағы тәсілдері мен анықтамалары талданады. Қоғамдағы әлеуметтік институттардың жаңа кеңістіктегі әлеуметтік өзгерістерге ұшырауы, сенім мәселесінің әлеуметтік-гуманитарлық ғылымдар саласында жаңаша зерттелуін талап етіп отыр. Қоғамның құрылымы мен қызмет етуі белгілерінде, бұл уақытқа дейін сенім ұғымына нақты анықтама жоқ. Сондықтанда сенім феноменіне теориялық-тұжырымдамалық тал-дау жасау арқылы, пәнаралық ұғымын мен анықтамаларын жүйелеу, әлеуметтік қарым-қатынас құралы сенім феноменінің жүйелі анықтамаларын талдау өзекті. Сенім ұғымына концептуалды талдау жасау арқылы, әлеуметтанулық, философиялық, психологиялық, саяси-экономикалық анықтамаларын жүйелеу, сенім феноменінің әмпебеп пәнаралық ұғым ретінде негіздеу. Концептуалды талдау арқылы сенім ұғымының әмбебап пәнаралық ұғым екені теориялық анықтамалар мен тәсілдерді жүйелеу нәтижесінде анықталды, қоғамда сенім феноменінің қарым-қатынас құралы ретінде қызмет етіп, жаңа әлеуметтік құбылыстардың қалыптасуына, әрекет етуіне түрткі болатынымен тәжірибелік маңыздылығы нақтыланады.Мақалада сенім феноменіне әлеуметтік-философиялық, әлеуметтік-психологиялық, саяси-экономикалық анықтамалары мен тәсілдеріне концептуалды талдау әдісін қолдана отырып, сенім мәселесінің пәнарлық ұғымын негіздеп, жүйелеу. Сенім қоғамдағы әлеуметтікинституттардың әлеуметтік қызметтерінің жүзеге асырылуында басты құралдардың бірі. Ол қоғам мүшелерін тұлғалық, тұлғаралық, топтық, қауымдастық, таптық деңгейде қарым-қатынас жасауын реттейтін құбылыс.
Electroless Synthesis of Cobalt Nanowires in Magnetic Field and their Characterization by Resonant Magnetometry Methods
Authors: Gegechkori Tatiana , Mamniashvili Grigor , Zedginidze Tinatin , Petriashvili Tamar
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a simple and effective low-temperature electroless chemical method that provides the synthesis of cobalt micro- and nanowires due to the processes of self-organization of magnetic cobalt nanoparticles under the influence of a magnetic field, using the technology of chemical synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and nanowires is proposed. Cobalt nanoparticles have magnetic dipole moments. An external magnetic field forces them to be oriented parallel to it. Dipole-dipole interactions between magnetic nanoparticles lead to attraction between cobalt nanoparticles leading to their self-organization into nanowires, reducing their total energy. The resulting smaller nanoparticles fill the gaps between the ordered nanoparticles, leading to the formation of smooth cobalt nanowires. The magnetic and structural properties of the synthesized and commercial nanowires polarized by a magnetic field in the epoxy matrix were studied using the resonant radio-frequency magnetometry and electron microscopy methods. These methods are of interest for optimizing the coercive force of cobalt nanowires with a view to their possible use in creating permanent magnets that do not use rare earth elements, as well as in information processing devices and sensors.
Predicting Financial Distress in Indonesian Companies using Machine Learning
Authors: Kristanti Farida Titik , Febrianta Mochamad Yudha , Salim Dwi Fitrizal , Riyadh Hosam Alden , Beshr Baligh Ali Hasan
Published: December 2024

Predicting financial distress is essential in Indonesia's rapidly evolving economy, characterized by diverse business environments and regulatory challenges. This study evaluates four machine learning classifiers, XGBoost, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Classification (SVC), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), to predict financial distress among Indonesian companies. Two sampling methods, Random Under-Sampling (RUS) and Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE), were used to address class imbalance. Empirical results indicate that the RF model trained with SMOTE sampling was the most effective, achieving an F1 score of 0.9632 and an accuracy of 0.96, while the XGBoost classifier with RUS sampling achieved a precision of 0.9716. These findings provide valuable insights into Indonesia's financial sector, guiding the selection of appropriate models for timely financial distress prediction and intervention.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Homeopathic Formulation AlphaTM-Liv Drops in Rat Model
Authors: Bhardwaj Rohit , Rajput Satyendra Kumar , Madan Swati , Kharkwal Harsha , Dalua Snigdha Suman , Tiwari Poorva , Valavan Ramachandran
Published: December 2024

Liver diseases pose a serious health  challenge in India, impacting roughly 20% of  the population and standing as a leading cause of  mortality. Traditional treatments often fall short,  especially in rural areas with limited healthcare access.  Homeopathy in general has shown its effectiveness.  This study investigates the hepatoprotective activity  of Alpha™-Liv Drops, a homeopathic formulation,  to explore its potential treatment option for liver  diseases in the Indian healthcare landscape.
La conservación del escenario del Teatro romano de Medellín (Badajoz, España)
Authors: Viola Nevado Manuel
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo describe la intervención efectuada en el escenario del Teatro romano de Medellín (Badajoz, España) desde enero a abril de 2011. Este teatro, datado en los últimos años del siglo I a.C., fue abandonado, expoliado y ocupado por edificaciones diversas a lo largo de la Edad Media. Las excavaciones arqueológicas acometidas de 2007 a 2010 sacaron a la luz los restos del edificio. En el caso del escenario, los vestigios originales fueron la base sobre la que apuntalar su conservación, que combinó la lectura arqueológica, la anastilosis, la consolidación y la aportación de arquitectura. La intervención ha permitido: la conservación de los restos, la posibilidad de ahondar en su conocimiento, y la recuperación de los accesos y recorridos que hacen posible tanto su visita turística como su recuperación para uso teatral (fig. 1). Desde su apertura al público en 2013 ha recibido multitud de visitas, y en la actualidad es una de las sedes del Festival Internacional de Teatro Clásico de Mérida.
Rehabilitación visible e invisible. Una interpretación heideggeriana
Authors: García Sánchez Rafael
Published: December 2024

Este texto propone señalar dos maneras de comprender la intervención en el patrimonio arquitectónico según el pensamiento heideggeriano del útil o de la obra de arte. Si la arquitectura es considerada un utensilio, la rehabilitación consistirá en devolverle su condición instrumental, pero los útiles, cuando funcionan, pasan desapercibidos. Rehabilitar consistirá pues en conseguir que el útil desaparezca de nuevo. Una segunda forma de rehabilitación consistiría en intervenir en el patrimonio anónimo, en el sentido dado por Heidegger, elevándolo a la condición de obra de arte, que es lo que convierte la arquitectura en lugar de máxima visibilidad y atención.
The Effect of Realia (Real Object) Media on Students’ Vocabulary Skill at MIS Hikmatul Salridho
Authors: Khaidir Nurul Annisa , Harahap Yulia Sari
Published: December 2024

The objective of the research is to know whether the effect of use Realia Media on students vocabulary knowledge at the fourth grade of elementary at HikmatulSalridho. Based on the statement above, this research used experimental design of collecting data, the class that will be tested is divided into two classes, class A and class B, class A as control class and class B as Experimental class. The experimental group is the group that will be a measured of whether the test is successful or not using realia media, while the control group is considered without using realia media. Based on the statement beside, the researcher choose the population of class IV students at Hikmatul Salridho School. Where, the first class was students of class IV – A (as experimental groups) and IV – B (as control group) of the MIS Hikmatul Salridho School. After analyzing the results of the research, the researcher obtained data about the scores of the teaching and learning process using Realia Media. The researcher concluded that there was any significant effect of applying was proved by the results of the pre-test scores before giving the treatment. And it can be seen that the results of the statistical calculations above where the value of (to) is higher than (tt). The researcher also found there were some difficulties in students' vocabulary by applying Realia Media, especially in remember the vocabulary. The Realia Media are very interested to be implemented to improve vocabullary skills. The researcher found that there is always improvement in the learning. It’s mean that the implementation of Realia Media to improve students’ vocabulary skills can make students more actived, motivated, and interested. From the explanation above, it means that teaching learning process by using Realia Media can improve students’ ability in English vocabulary skill.
PREDICTION OF BODY WEIGHT OF NIGERIA INDIGENOUS TURKEY USING MORPHOMETRIC TRAIT MEASUREMENTS AT EIGHTEEN WEEKS OF AGE
Authors: Sam I. M. , Essien C. A. , Usoro O. O. , Evans E. I.
Published: December 2024

Turkey is one of the species in poultry which has numerous attributes that can be used to provide protein in the meals of Nigerians. However, turkey production has not received the needed attention when compared to other poultry (chicken) species, partly due to the paucity of documented information on them. The aim of study was to estimate body weight of eighteen weeks old Nigerian indigenous turkey using three mathematical functions (linear, quadratic and cubic) from morphometric trait measurements. The morphometric traits studied were body length (BL), breast girth (BG), keel length (KL) and shank length (SL). Data were collected on the birds from day old to eighteen weeks of age. Body measurements were regressed against body weight at 18 weeks of age using simple linear and non-linear (quadratic and cubic) regression analyses. The correlation coefficients (r) between body weight and morphometric trait measurements were highly significant (p<0.001), with a range of 0.565 - 0.876. The coefficient of determination R2 varied from 33.10 to 31.90%, 57.00 to 73.20%, 74.80 to 76.70% and 56.70 to 60.60% for body length, breast girth, keel length and shank length respectively. The relationship was better described by quadratic and cubic functions. It was concluded that body weight in Nigerian indigenous turkey could be predicted by farmers from any given value of the four morphometric trait measurements.
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF PARENT STOCK OF NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS CHICKENS CROSSBRED WITH ARBOR ACRE BROILERS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF THEIR F1 PROGENIES
Authors: Ifanegan O. D. , Ojedapo L. O. , Adedibu T. M. , Popoola A. D. , Akinniran K. O. , Fasasi A. O.
Published: December 2024

Nigerian Indigenous Chickens (NICs) exhibit valuable genetic traits, including heat tolerance, hardiness, and scavenging capacity for survival in tropical environments. A study involving 30 matured chickens (1 cock, 10 hens) of Frizzled Feather (FF) and Fulani Ecotype (FE), along with 24-week-old Arbor Acre broilers (AA), aimed to assess their breeding and growth performances. Semen collected from cocks was used for insemination, generating 73 progenies. Fertility was highest in AA×FF (91.30%) and lowest in AA×FE (83.34%), while hatchability peaked in AA×FF (85.71%) and declined in AA×FE (80%). Breed and sex significantly influenced growth parameters. At 4 weeks, AA×FF exhibited the highest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) at 4.82a, while AA×FE showed higher Feed Intake (FI) at 154.70 and Weight Gain (WG) at 32.47. At 8 weeks, AA×FF had increased FI (205.70) and FCR (1.84) but lower Body Weight Gain (BWG) at 111.73, whereas AA×FE demonstrated higher BWG at 162.58. In conclusion, superior fertility and hatchability were observed in AA×FF and AA×FE. AFE progenies demonstrated better growth performance characteristics, suggesting that Arbor Acre and Fulani Ecotype crosses can be selected for improved growth in indigenous chickens. The study highlighted the potential for strategic breeding to enhance indigenous chicken traits, supporting sustainable poultry farming in tropical regions.
ASSOCIATION OF GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR (GHR) GENE POLYMORPHISMS WITH BODY WEIGHT OF RABBITS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Bashiru H. A. , Oseni S. O.
Published: December 2024

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene plays a key role in regulating growth and metabolism. However, the relationship between polymorphic variants of this gene and the body weight of rabbits under different genetic models has not been established. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate relationship between GHR gene polymorphisms and body weight of rabbits. Relevant literatures were systematically reviewed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. 248 studies were identified and screened against pre-determined inclusion criteria and data were extracted from 17 studies. Each study was subjected to Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) test and six genetic models consisting of co-dominant, dominant, recessive and over-dominant models were fitted using OpenMeta® Analyst Software. The Cohen’s d method was used to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) to estimate individual study effect size as well as the overall effect size. Heterogeneity measures were inferred from the Q statistic (based on Chi-square test) and its associated p-value, Tau-squared (τ2), H-squared (H2) and I-squared (I2) values. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s regression asymmetry test and sensitivity analysis was conducted to detect if the overall effect size was largely due to a single study effect size. There was significant association (P<0.05) of GHR gene with body weight of rabbits under one of the co-dominant models (CG vs GG). However, this association was not significant (P>0.05) under all other genetic models. Further, the results indicated that, cumulatively for all studies included in the meta-analysis of association of GHR gene with body weight of rabbits, GG genotype had higher body weight than CG genotype. However, there was no difference (P>0.05) between CC and CG and CC and GG genotypes. These findings implied that the impact of GHR gene polymorphisms on body weight in rabbits may be influenced by specific genetic models.
COMPARATIVE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AMONG NOILER CHICKENS OF DIFFERENT PLUMAGE PATTERNS AT STARTER PHASE
Authors: IYANDA D. J. , AGBOOLA E. E. , OLUWATOYE T. M. , OLAGUNJU A. , OLAYINKA D. O. , ALABI F. H. , MUHAMMAD J. O. , OLANIYI W. A.
Published: December 2024

The study investigated comparative growth performance among noiler chickens of brown, barred, black and multi plumage patterns at the starter phase. A total of 200 day-old chicks of noiler breeds were obtained from Amo Farms Limited. The chickens were distributed in duplicate of 25 chickens per plumage and fed with commercial diet (22% crude protein, 3000kcal/kgME). Data on average feed consumption, average weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency were recorded weekly. The result obtained at the 4th week showed that the average feed consumption for all the noiler chickens were all significantly different (P<0.05) from each other with the multi plumage patterned chickens having the highest of 406.55g. The average weight gain indicated the least value of 385.57±5.9g that was not significantly different (P>0.05) from brown (402.73±17.4g) and multi plumage (432.00g). Both the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency for brown, barred and black were all significantly different (P<0.05) in comparison to multi plumage patterned chickens. The black patterned noiler chicken showed the highest average weight gain. The present study has revealed that the performance of noiler chicken at the starter phase was influenced by difference in plumage patterns and could be used to make decisions in noiler chicken management and production.
EVOLUTIONARY AND HAPLOTYPIC DIVERSITY STUDIES AMONG GAMBIAN \
Authors: Tor N. E. T. , Adebambo A. O. , Ajibike A. B. , Mendy E. W. , Oladejo O. , Adeola A. C.
Published: December 2024

Gambia and Togo are among the smallest in terms of geographic size, of the sixteen-member block of Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS). Like the rest of Africa, not much is known about the evolution and molecular genetic signatures of the indigenous chicken populations of the two countries. To achieve this, genomic DNA was extracted from a total of 40 village chickens of both countries using FTA cards, following standard protocols. Sanger sequencing of the D-loop amplicons of the mtDNA was outsourced to StabVida Laboratory, Portugal, using specific primers. Multiple alignments of a final length of 920bp of the sequences with a reference sequence reveals 8 SNPs. Reconstruction of evolutionary origins using MEGA 7 and NETWORK 4.6 matrix suggests that Gambian and Togolese chickens are most likely of south Asian descent. Molecular indices revealed that the chickens in the two populations are of comparatively lower genetic diversity, nonetheless, the Gambian population was slightly more diverse than the Togolese. This finding may be employed in the genetic conservation strategies for the chickens in the two countries.
VARIATION IN LITTER SIZE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PRE-WEANING WEIGHTS OF MONGREL RABBIT KITS REARED IN GUINEA SAVANNAH REGION OF NIGERIA
Authors: Audu M. O. , Ukwu H. O. , Ate M. E. , Adoga L. O. , Odegbe M. E.
Published: December 2024

This work was aimed at investigating the effect of litter size on growth performance of mongrel rabbits reared in the Guinea savannah geo-ecological region of Nigeria. Thirteen mongrel rabbits does and four bucks were used as parents to generate the kits. The research was conducted at the Livestock Teaching and Research farm, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State. Data were collected on birth weights and weekly body weights changes of rabbit kits using sensitive weighing balance. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance as implemented in SPSS. Significant disparity (P>0.001) was recorded in birth weight of kits with litter size 5 having higher birth weight than litter sizes 6, 7 and 8. Litter size 6, 7 and 8 had comparable birth weight (P<0.05). Rabbit kits in litter size 5 had significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight at week 1 than those in litter sizes 6, 7 and 8. Rabbit kits in litter size 5 also had significantly (P<0.001) the highest body weight at weeks 2, while kits in litter sizes 6, 7 and 8 had comparable body weight at week 2. Body weights at week 3 were comparable among kits in litter sizes 6, 7 and 8, but lower than that of kits in litter size 5. This trend continued up to week 5 of age. Significantly (P<0.05) positive and moderate correlations were recorded between birth weight and body weights at week 1 to 5. In conclusion, the higher the itter size, the lower the birth weight and pre-weaning weight of mongrel rabbits.
ANALYSIS OF BROILER MARKETING PERFORMANCE IN ZARIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE
Authors: MANSHOP C. , VICTOR L.
Published: December 2024

This study analysed the performance of broiler marketing in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State. The main objective was to analyze the performance of broiler marketing in Zaria Local Government area, while the specific objectives were to examine the performance of broiler marketing in terms of the marketing cost and returns, marketing margin and marketing efficiency, as well as identify factors affecting the income of broiler marketers in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study, primary data was collected using questionnaire administered to forty-five respondents from each category; producer-marketers and sole marketers which are selected purposively and randomly across major markets and production areas in the study area. The result of the study showed that the business was profitable though with high marketing margin in terms of economic efficiency, the marketing was efficient. The significant variables influencing the income of the producer-marketers were marketing experience, purchase cost, feed cost and other variables such as electricity, depreciation and rent. For the sole marketers, the significant variables influencing their income were marketing experience, age. Experience, feed cost and level of formal education. It is recommended that government should put into consideration the significant variables in policy formulation and provide conducive environment for the private sector to invest in this business in order to address the meat demand of the citizenry.
SNAIL CONSUMPTION AND SNAIL SHELL UTILIZATION: PERCEPTION OF UISHOPWEL AND MEAT SHOP CUSTOMERS
Authors: Fagbenro R. B. , Moshood O. A. , Oso Y. A. A. , Babayemi O. E. , Babayemi O. J.
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for snails, driven by their high protein content and medical value, has led to heightened interest in both domestic and foreign markets. However, the shells of these snails often face neglect during processing, posing environmental challenges. To address this, a study was conducted at the University of Ibadan, UishopweL, and meat shops in Ibadan metropolis. Seventy-four structured questionnaires were administered to gather insights into factors influencing snail consumption, methods of processing snail shells, and their potential uses. The findings highlighted that 45.9% of respondents attributed snail consumption to allowances, while 12.2% considered family background, 32.4% mentioned environment, 13.5% focused on taste, 6.8% took health conditions into account, 8.1% noted a nonchalant attitude, 12.2% considered age, and 47.3% emphasized the availability of snail meat. Additionally, 86.5% recognized the snail shell as an excellent calcium source, with 81.1% acknowledging its use as a ceramic filter, 63.5% in paint, 74.3% in animal feeds, 66.2% in construction, 39.2% in paper industries, 74.3% for enhancing product hardness, and 78.4% for strengthening materials. Regarding snail shell processing, 10.9% burned shells for calcium extraction, 2.7% ground and crushed them, 78.4% discarded them, and 8.1% did not specify. The study concluded that respondents were generally aware of the various uses of snail shells, particularly their role as a natural source of calcium and their potential in animal feeds.
PREVALENCE OF SMALL RUMINANTS GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN PANKSHIN TOWN IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Gofwan P. G. , Sudik S. D. , Magaji S. T. , Damter S. A. , Dastu A. J. , Gyang I. Y.
Published: December 2024

Gastrointestinal parasites are considered as a major constraints affecting the productive performance of sheep and goats. The study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goat in Pankshin town Pankshin Local Government Area of plateau state, Nigeria. Total of 250 faecal samples were collected from each of sheep and goats between August and September 2023 where Species, Age and Sex were determine. The result revealed a prevalence rates of 359(71.8%) where infestation in sheep 159(63.6%) and 200(80.0%) in goat and the result showed no significant(P>0.05) difference. In regards to age for both sheep and goat shows significant (P<0.05) difference between the adult and their young counterparts with (157 (65.4%), 192 (87.2%) for adults and 02 (20.0%), 08(26.6%) for the young respectively. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) for sex for sheep and goat. Common gastrointestinal parasites found included Coccidia oocyst, oesophagostomum, Trichuris, Haemonchus, Moneiza, Dicrocoelium, Fasciola and Bunostonum. Proper preventive measures such as regular deworming should be put in place in order to improve on the productivity of small ruminant particularly in the study area.
SLAUGHTER OF PREGNANT COWS AND FOETAL WASTAGES: A CASE STUDY A MODERN ABATTOIR IN DAMATURU, YOBE STATE
Authors: Kawu Y. U. , Ibrahim A. , Nuhu T.
Published: December 2024

There is paucity of information on the level at which pregnant cows are being slaughtered and foetuses being wasted at the Damaturu Modern Abattoir. Consequently, a study was designed to assess the level of this scenario. Using a structured questionnaire, a two-year (2021 – 2022) slaughter data was collected from the abattoir records and subjected to descriptive analysis (frequencies and percentages). Results showed that in 2021, a total of 2,589 heads of cattle were slaughtered out of which 1,438 were females with 112 (7.79%) at various stages of pregnancy. In the subsequent year, 2022, the total slaughter figure was 2,797 comprising of 1,693 females and 1,104 males among which are 148 (8.74%) pregnant cows. It was therefore concluded that the menace of slaughter of pregnant cows and foetal wastages also exists in Damaturu Modern Abattoir. Although the prevalence is low compared to that in other abattoirs and slaughter houses across the country, there is need for government to institute measures for mitigating the occurrence with a view to ensuring adequate animal welfare and improved cattle production in the study area.
ANIMAL WELFARE AND CRUELTY RELATED ISSUES ON SHEEP AT THE ABATTOIRS, ANIMALS FARMS AND LIVESTOCK MARKETS IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS, BAUCHI STATE
Authors: Usman Y. , Sabo A.
Published: December 2024

Thee Research was conducted to determine the "Animal welfare and cruelty related issues in sheep observed in abattoirs, animals farms and livestock markets in Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Data were collected bbetween April to July 2022. Male farmers were more engaged (69%) in sheep rearing than female31%. Car was the most used (39%) means of transportation while the other means of animals transportation apart from use of trucks/motorcycle were found to be the lowest (3%) for the condition animals that reach the farms 60(60%) of sheep arrived to slaughter house, livestock farm and markets in healthy condition while 40(40%) arrived unhealthy. Out of one hundred animals observed in the study, 32(32%) enter vehicles by beating, 21(21) by loading devices, 38 (38) with gradual manipulations but only 5 (5) by beating and gradual manipulations while 4(4%) through other means into vehicles. It was also observed that 79(79%) of farms that keep sheep dewormed their animals while 21(21%) does not dewormed the animals. It was therefore concluded that the cases of animals cruelty cannot be over looked as it has proven to several implications to animal health and production as well as humanity in general.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF DIVERSE ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Onwumere-Idolor O. S. , Kperegbeyi J. I. , Okhale O. E.
Published: December 2024

This research assessed the impact of diverse animal health management practices on disease prevention and control among smallholder farmers in Delta State. The first, second and third stages involved a random selection of fifteen (15) Local Government Areas (LGAs); two communities each and a snowball sampling of twenty (20) of smallholder animal farmers from the State. 600 questionnaires were administered to the smallholder farmers. Smallholder farmers often experienced the effects of diseases on their animals due to poor management practices. Data generated from the study were processed and analyzed with percentages of their gender, educational qualifications and experiences and hypothesis tested with multiple regression statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed nuanced significant impact of regular vaccination, hygienic practices, proper nutrition, and farmer education, on disease prevention and control. Based on these findings, it was recommended that Delta State Government should implement a robust and targeted extension services to disseminate information and provide hands-on training to smallholder farmers.
EFFECTS OF SEX AND AGE ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BROILER MEAT
Authors: Oyeleye O. O. , Adeoye A. A. , Ogedengbe F.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of age and sex on the chemical composition of broiler chicken meat. A total of 60 Cobb broiler birds (30 males and 30 females) were arranged in a 3x2 factorial design with 3 levels of age at slaughter (6, 8 and 10 weeks) and sex (male and female) in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The chemical composition observed were fat, protein, ash, moisture, carbohydrate and fibre. In male, moisture content was significantly lowest at 10th week while no significant difference was observed at all ages for female. Age had no significant effect on ash contents for both sexes. At age 10th week, the fat content for male was significantly lowest while no significant level was observed for female at all ages. Protein content of male meat was significantly highest at 10th week while that of the female was significantly highest at 6th week. The carbohydrate content of male meat was significantly lowest at 10th week while that of the female was significantly lowest at 6th week. It can be concluded that sex and age had effect on the chemical composition of broiler chicken meat. It is therefore recommended that male should be slaughtered at older age of 10th week while female at 6th week respectively when the crude protein levels are at the highest percentages.
INFLUENCE OF FEED TYPE ON THE HORMONAL PROFILE OF DOES AT VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL STAGES
Authors: WABA Y. E.
Published: December 2024

The study evaluated the influence of feed on the hormonal profiles of West African Dwarf (WAD) and Sahel goats at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State. This is to determine the hormonal profile of does at various physiological statuses (puberty, conception and lactation). A total of 16 WAD and 16 Sahel foundation stock of both sexes were used for the study which lasted for 26 months. The animals were fed Gmelina + Cassava peel (Gm+Cpm), Gmelina + cowpea husk (Gm+Cph) Ficus + Cassava peel (Fs+Cpm) and Ficus+Cowpea husk (Fs+Cph) as experimental treatments diets in addition to basal grazing. Out of the stock population, in each treatments group, 2 adults and 8 young females at pubertal stage were assessed. To determine the hormonal level, 5ml of blood was collected from the jugular vein, and samples were then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes. The serum was then decanted into plastic tube kept at -20 oC. At the onset, the reagents, serum reference calibrators and specimen to be used in the assay were kept at room temperature (20-27 OC). known quantity (0.025 ml) 25 μL of each of the appropriate serum reference calibrator, control or specimen were separately pipette into their assigned micro plate wells in duplicates. Both breed and treatment did not affect significantly any of the hormones investigated. However, the trend showed higher levels for the Sahel goats for the three hormones. In addition, for testosterone there was seemingly a lower value for diet with Cpm. In conclusion, both progesterone and oestradiol in pregnant and lactating does did not vary with breed. However, the two varied statistically with diet and physiological status, and of course the pregnancy stage had higher hormonal values than lactation. Also, at puberty, hormonal level did not vary with breed and diet. However, the trend showed higher levels in Sahel goats and also higher oestradiol for Gm but lower values of testosterone for Cpm diets.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC FEED ADDITIVES ON CHANGES IN DIGESTIVE ORGAN WEIGHTS AND PH PROFILE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Idowu K. R. , Fadeyi V. O. , Adeyemo A. A. , Adepoju H. O. , Iyanda A. I.
Published: December 2024

Gut intestinal regulation and stability is directly correspondent to the pH of the internal organ of chicken, likewise the health status of the chicken can be measured based on the various metabolic and physiological function of different organs. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the effect of different (biotic additive) fermented Brassica oleracea, antibiotic and synthetic probiotic on gastrointestinal pH of broiler chickens. A total of (150) day old Broiler chickens were used. Experimental treatment consisted of five treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) which composed ordinary water, antibiotics, 200 mL Brassica oleracea, 400 mL Brassica oleracea per 1 liter of water and synthetic probiotic respectively) in a completely randomized design. Thirty birds were assigned to each treatment made of three replicates of ten birds. The birds were maintained on ad-libitum commercial feed (starter and finisher) diet for a period of six week. Samples were taken at week six by selecting two birds per replicate for pH determination of different organs. Data on the weight and different pH of the internal organs (crop, proventiculum, Gizzards, liver, Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and caecum) were obtained after slaughtering at week 6 and subjected to one way analysis of variance. Result showed that broilers treated with 200 mL and 400mLs/liter of water were able to maintain the right pH for all the normal digestive processes at different digestive organs taken into consideration. Hence, this study concluded that the application of Brassica oleracea at 200ml and 400 ml of inclusion levels improves the pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers chicken and the synthetic probiotic lower the acidity of the proventriculus.
HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF GRASSCUTTERS FED WITH SUGARCANE PEEL MEAL PARTIALLY REPLACED WITH CASSAVA PEEL MEAL
Authors: Gboshe P. N. , Ebiloma S. O.
Published: December 2024

Blood study on grasscutters was carried out when they were fed sugarcane peel partially replaced with cassava peel meal. Twenty grasscutters with average initial weight 556g were used. Four grasscutters per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design. Five diets were formulated to contain 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0.0% of sugarcane meal and 0.0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of cassava peel meal. Proximate analysis on the test ingredients and experimental diets were carried out. The results showed that, Haematocrit ranged from 32.33-36.68%, Haemoglobin values that ranged from 11.17-12.52g/L, lymphocytes ranged from 39.38-54% and neutrophils 46.03-61.01 % were significantly (P<0.05) affected. White blood cell (5.83-6.38 x106/L), Red blood cell ranged (4.31-4.89 x109 /L) and erythrocyte indices namely; MCV, MCH and MCHC revealed no significant (p>0.05) differences. The results of serum biochemical variables showed that, the total protein ranged from 66.32-68.00gd/l, albumin 45.26-47.26gd/L, Globulin 21.32-22.1%, urea 3.67-5.34mmol/L, cholesterol 3.62-5.73 mg/dL and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase with values 9.21-10.80 µl did not differ (P>0.05) while Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (41.16-57.10µl/L), glucose 58.12-86.72mg/dL and creatinine 1.00-1.11mg/dL had significant (P<0.05) differences. It was observed that, none of the haematological and serum biochemistry values evaluated showed any threat to the health of the grasscutters because they had normal values, an indication of nutritional adequacy and safety level of the different feeding trials. Based on these observations, it was therefore concluded that, replacing sugarcane peel with cassava peel feed can be used to feed grasscutters without any adverse effect on their health or physiological activities.
THE EFFECT OF PIPER GUINEENSE AND XYLOPIA AETHIOPICA SUPPLEMENTATION ON THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES IN RABBITS
Authors: Nwachukwu C. U. , Nwachukwu C. U. , Ibhafidon O. D. , Jimoh A. O. , Ugwa F. C.
Published: December 2024

The study was aimed at investigating the effect of Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica supplementation on thermoregulatory responses in rabbits. Twenty-four 4 months old rabbits (12 Chinchilla and 12 New Zealand White; average weight 1250 g) were used in a 10-week trial. Supplements of Uziza and Uda seeds were added at 10 g/kg each and a control diet without treatment. Rabbits were housed individually and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=4/group) including control diet (no Uda or Uziza seeds), diet 2 (Control + Uziza seeds), and diet 3 (Control + Uda seeds) for each of the two breeds. The thermoregulatory responses – ear and rectal temperatures, respiratory and pulse rates were monitored and recorded weekly. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance on a 2 x 3 factorial block design in IBM SPSS 20. The afternoon rectal temperature was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the control diet (39.270C) than in those supplemented with Uziza (38.260C) and Uda (38.150C) seeds. The morning rectal temperature were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Uda (37.700C) seed-supplemented diet than in the Uziza (37.370C) seed-supplemented diet compared to the control (37.200C) diet. Afternoon rectal temperature was significantly affected (p<0.05) by rabbit breeds as afternoon rectal temperature was significantly (p<0.05) higher in New Zealand White (38.680C) breeds than in Chincilla (38.440C) breeds. There was an interaction (p<0.05) between supplemented diets and rabbit breeds as this showed that morning pulse rate reduced by supplemented diet in Chinchilla breed but not in New Zealand White breed. Dietary supplementation of Uda and Uziza seeds influenced the thermoregulatory responses of rabbits.
REDUCING INDICES OF OXIDATIVE STRESS CAUSED BY DIETARY AFLATOXINS WITH ANTIOXIDANTS AND VITAMIN K SUPPLEMENTATIONS
Authors: Adeogun J. B. , Ewuola E. O. , Abu O. A.
Published: December 2024

Aflatoxins are unavoidable toxic contaminants in animals’ feed. Nutrition-derived vitamins and mineral with antioxidant properties such as vitamins E, C and selenium can be used to counteract the Oxidative stress (OS) effects of aflatoxins on broiler chickens. Limited information exists on the combination and dosage of these antioxidants and vitamin K, that will be effective in counteracting OS effects of aflatoxins. Response of broiler chickens fed aflatoxin-contaminated diets to different combinations of Supplemental Dietary Antioxidants (SDA) and VK was investigated. One-day-old (n = 180) Arbor Acres broiler chick (unsexed) were randomly allotted into six treatment diets comprising Negative Control (NC), Basal Diet (BD), diet containing 270ppb aflatoxins and other BD’s containing vitamins: E (VE), C (VC), K (VK) and selenium (Se) at 200mg, 250mg, 3mg and 0.3mg/kg diet, respectively in four combinations: D1- (BD+VE+VC), D2- (BD+VE+VC+Se), D3 (BD+VE+VC+VK) and D4- (BD+VE+VC+VK+Se) Serum biochemical enzymes, reduced/oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and lipid peroxidation (LP) index (Malondialdehyde-MDA nmol/mL) were assayed. Experimental design was completely randomised and study lasted for 42 days. Data were analysed with ANOVA at α0.05. The SDA and VK significantly reduced LP activity by 30% reduction in MDA level from 128.29±31.16 (BD) to 42.00±10.40 (D4), compared to 10-fold increase in BD (128.29±31.16), against NC (12.41±10.56). Combinations of SDA and VK improved oxidative-stress index (GSH:GSSG) by 60% rise in D4 (2.19±0.92:1), as against 22.8% in BD (0.83±0.58:1), when compared to NC (3.64±1.44:1). Addition of supplemental dietary antioxidants and vitamin K reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress effects of aflatoxins in broiler chickens.