bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRITERION FOR COMPARING THE VARIANCE COMPONENT ESTIMATION METHODS USED FOR ADJUSTING HORIZONTAL CONTROL NETWORKS
Authors: Yavuz Erol , Baykal Orhan
Published: March 2020

Determination of which stochastic model taken in hand for this study is suitable under conditions,
when comparing stochastic models, used for adjusting horizontal control networks, is the aim of this study. Some well-known
variance component estimation methods like Conventional, Helmert, MTNQUE, AUE, and Förstner, which have been developed
to determine the stochastic model, necessary to be formed in a real way for adjusting geodetic nets, have been compared.
For comparing the models mentioned above, concrete deciding criteria, using statistical tests, have been defined and the
determination of which model is superior has been studied. For comparison of the models, numerical experiment using data,
which belong to the part of Istanbul Metropolitan Triangulation Network (Asiatic side of Istanbul), has been performed.
High-z Dusty Star-forming Galaxies: A Top-heavy Initial Mass Function?
Authors: Cai Zhen-Yi , Zotti Gianfranco De , Bonato Matteo
Published: March 2020

Recent estimates point to abundances of z > 4 submillimeter galaxies far above model predictions. The matter is still debated. According to some analyses the excess may be substantially lower than initially thought and perhaps accounted for by flux boosting and source blending. However, there is no general agreement on this conclusion. An excess of z > 6 dusty galaxies has also been reported albeit with poor statistics. On the other hand, evidence of a top-heavy initial mass function (IMF) in high-z starburst galaxies has been reported in the past decades. This would translate into a higher submillimeter luminosity of dusty galaxies at fixed star formation rate, i.e., into a higher abundance of bright high-z submillimeter galaxies than expected for a universal Chabrier IMF. Exploiting our physical model for high-z protospheroidal galaxies, we find that part of the excess can be understood in terms of an IMF somewhat top-heavier than Chabrier. Such an IMF is consistent with that recently proposed to account for the low 13C/18O abundance ratio in four dusty starburst galaxies at z = 2–3. However, extreme top-heavy IMFs are inconsistent with the submillimeter counts at z > 4.
Fast Radio Bursts from Activity of Neutron Stars Newborn in BNS Mergers: Offset, Birth Rate, and Observational Properties
Authors: Wang F. Y. , Wang Y. Y. , Yang Yuan-Pei , Yu Y. W. , Zuo Z. Y. , Dai Z. G.
Published: March 2020

Young neutron stars (NSs) born in core-collapse explosions are promising candidates for the central engines of fast radio bursts (FRBs), since the first localized repeating burst FRB 121102 occurs in a star-forming dwarf galaxy similar to the host galaxies of superluminous supernovae and long gamma-ray bursts. However, FRB 180924 and FRB 190523 are localized to massive galaxies with low rates of star formation, compared with the host of FRB 121102. The offsets between the bursts and host centers are about 4 and 29 kpc for FRB 180924 and FRB 190523, respectively. These host properties are similar to those of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which are produced by binary neutron star (BNS) or NS–black hole mergers. Therefore, the NSs powering FRBs may be formed in BNS mergers. In this paper, we study BNS merger rates and merger times, and predict the most likely merger locations for different types of host galaxies using the population synthesis method. We find that the BNS merger channel is consistent with the recently reported offsets of FRB 180924 and FRB 190523. The offset distribution of short GRBs is well reproduced by population synthesis using a galaxy model similar to that of GRB hosts. The event rate of FRBs (including non-repeating and repeating), is larger than those of BNS mergers and short GRBs, and requires a large fraction of observed FRBs emitting several bursts. Using curvature radiation by bunches in NS magnetospheres, we also predict the observational properties of FRBs from BNS mergers, including the dispersion measure and rotation measure. At late times (t ≥ 1 yr), the contribution to dispersion measure and rotation measure from BNS merger ejecta can be neglected.
Clinical and experimental rationale for antioxidant therapy of chronic bacterial prostatitis
Authors: Bratchikov Oleg I. , Tyuzikov Igor A. , Dubonos Pavel A.
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Literature data prove the important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis (CBP) and its recurrence, which reduces the effectiveness of standard etiotropic therapy of the disease.

Aim of study: To improve the results of the pharmacotherapy of CBP by a comprehensive assessment of oxidative disorders in the prostate gland in a clinical and experimental study to provide evidence for antioxidant support.

Material and methods: The results of experimental simulation of CBP in 60 male rats and examination of 90 patients with CBP (average age 38.2 ± 1.4; main group) and 30 clinically healthy men (average age 35.5±1.5; control group), which included history-taking, collecting complaints, questioning, general and special examinations, biochemical, cy­tological, microbiological, sonographic studies. In some experimental animals and patients with CBP, different modes of pharmacotherapy were tested (antimicrobial monochemotherapy; antimicrobial chemotherapy+zinc picolinate; an­timicrobial chemotherapy+L–carnitine tartrate in standard doses). The data were processed using descriptive and com­parative statistics.

Results and discussion: Clinical and experimental findings showed the compensatory nature of the prostatic oxidative disorders after a standard antimicrobial monochemotherapy of the first episode of CBP and their continued persistence with a high risk of decompensation and development of mitochondrial dysfunction after a course of standard antimi­crobial monochemotherapy in CBP recurrence. Zinc deficiency in the patients with CBP was detected on average 2.7 times more often than in the healthy men, so zinc determination in the prostatic fluid and subsequent drug compensation should be considered as first–line diagnostic and treatment measures. In the patients with CBP without zinc deficiency, L-carnitine may be an effective alternative to pharmacological correction of the prostatic oxidative disorders.

Conclusion: To increase the effectiveness of standard etiotropic therapy of CBP, simultaneous antioxidant support is necessary, using differentiated administration of antioxidants/antihypoxants (zinc or L-carnitine).
Variations galantes sur la satire philosophique : le Lucien de Perrot d’Ablancourt (1654)
Authors: Bury Emmanuel
Published: March 2020

La satire philosophique caractérisant les dialogues de Lucien prend un nouveau sens lorsqu’elle sert à mettre à distance la pédanterie et l’admiration pour les philosophies helléniques au milieu du xvii e siècle : la voie médiane esquissée par le Samosatois entre rhétorique et philosophie avait de quoi plaire aux milieux mondains promouvant l’idéal de l’honnête homme, et son spoudogeloion fait figure de modèle de « bonne raillerie ». L’entreprise de retraduction de Perrot d’Ablancourt est ici comprise comme une récriture participant de cette appropriation « galante » du cynisme littéraire du satiriste grec, ainsi domestiqué.
Le Supplément de l’Histoire véritable de Frémont d’Ablancourt : gratuité ludique ou sens allégorique ?
Authors: Corréard Nicolas
Published: March 2020

Annexé au Lucien de son oncle Perrot (1654), le Supplément de l’Histoire véritable de Jean Jacobé Frémont d’Ablancourt se présente comme un cas rare de continuation de roman antique. Tout en prétendant échapper à la gratuité caractéristique du modèle, le continuateur, en fait d’imitation, procède à un mélange générique original. Après avoir analysé la composition du récit, on envisage ici quelques pistes d’un possible sens allégorique sur le plan politique et philosophique. Enfin, nous relevons la fortune notable de ce texte, liée à la vogue des Histoires vraies , qui en fait un jalon important dans l’histoire des voyages imaginaires.
A re-examination of analysts’ differential target price forecasting ability
Authors: Fontaine Patrice , Roger Tristan
Published: March 2020

Nous contestons l’opinion selon laquelle les différences persistantes de précision entre les différents analystes sont la preuve que les analystes se distinguent par leur capacité à prévoir les cours des actions. Nous montrons que ces différences persistantes de précision sont plutôt dictées par la volatilité des rentabilités des titres. En s’appuyant sur la théorie des options, nous construisons une mesure de la qualité de prévision qui prend en compte la volatilité des rentabilités et l’horizon de prévision. Contrairement aux études antérieures qui ne tenaient pas correctement compte des différences de volatilité, notre analyse empirique révèle que les analystes ne se distinguent pas par leur capacité à prévoir les prix futurs des actions. Nous montrons que la précision d’une prévision de prix dépend fortement de la volatilité des rentabilités et de l’horizon de prévision.
International Mutual Funds Performance and Persistence across the Universe of Performance Measures
Authors: Cogneau Philippe , Hübner Georges
Published: March 2020

Nous considérons un ensemble exhaustif de 147 mesures de performance de portefeuille, avec leurs variantes. En utilisant un échantillon de 1.625 fonds mutuels investis en actions, une analyse en composantes principales permet d’identifier 18 dimensions de base. Parmi les 7 facteurs les plus importants, 3 présentent une forte persistance dans la performance. Ces facteurs reflètent différentes formes de return incrémental et de performance ajustée à la préférence. Notre article est le premier à apporter des preuves statistiques et économiques que la constitution d’un portefeuille, sur base des valeurs passées de ces facteurs, permet d’obtenir une sur-performance significative.
L’Asie du Sud-Est
Authors: Giblin Béatrice
Published: March 2020

L’approche géographique et géopolitique est particulièrement adaptée à l’étude de l’Asie du Sud-Est, car pour l’analyser correctement il est indispensable de prendre en compte ses caractéristiques géographiques exceptionnelles : 4 500 000 km 2 , 650 millions d’habitants. Les étendues marines de cet immense espace sont plus vastes que les terres émergées – elles-mêmes constituées d’une succession de péninsules, de détroits et d’archipels parsemés de milliers d’îles et d’îlots. Il relève aussi d’une analyse géopolitique car, situé entre deux océans, Pacifique et Indien, il joue un rôle central dans la circulation maritime mondiale tant sur le plan géostratégique qu’économique. Ce numéro a été construit principalement autour de l’ASEAN (Association des nations de l’Asie du Sud-Est) dont le poids politique et économique s’est accru au point de devenir peu à peu un acteur à part entière dans la géopolitique de ce vaste ensemble, voire, à plus ou moins long terme, à l’échelle mondiale du fait de ses enjeux géopolitiques et géostratégiques.
L’ASEAN face à la redéfinition de sa centralité – diplomatique, opérationnelle et géographique
Authors: Frécon Eric
Published: March 2020

L’ASEAN a souvent peiné à s’imposer comme un acteur majeur des relations internationales. Cet article argue qu’une autre lecture est possible à condition de dépasser le seul cadre du secrétariat général. L’ensemble des forums rattachés à l’Association, plus ou moins officiels ou formels, offrent tout d’abord une large palette de leviers diplomatiques adaptée à l’« ambiguïté stratégique » chère aux Sud-Est asiatiques ; les États membres ont ensuite fait leur preuve sur le terrain dans le cadre d’opérations « minilatérales », dans le détroit de Malacca ainsi qu’en mer de Sulu principalement ; enfin, le projet indopacifique porté par l’ASEAN, sur l’impulsion de Jakarta, semble en phase avec la réappropriation par le Sud de la mondialisation en cours. Dans ce contexte, les récurrentes initiatives bilatérales entre pays d’Asie du Sud-Est et Chine ou États-Unis auraient tendance à faire figure de réassurance – ou de réflexe sur la lancée de ce qui existe – et non d’assurance comme autrefois.
Cartographie des voies sous-marines en Asie du Sud-Est
Authors: Bonnet François-Xavier
Published: March 2020

La recherche océanographique militaire, dont les études bathymétriques, est devenue un enjeu géopolitique majeur en Asie du Sud-Est. Dans un double contexte de rivalités de pouvoir entre la Chine et les États-Unis et de rivalités territoriales entre quatre pays de l’ASEAN et la Chine en mer de Chine méridionale, certains pays de l’Asie du Sud-Est se sont dotés ou vont se doter d’une sous-marinade et de matériel de lutte anti-sous-marine. L’exemple des Spratleys montre la grande sensibilité de la question de la bathymétrie. Les îles Spratleys ou Dangerous Ground , autrefois une zone dangereuse à éviter, sont devenues une région stratégique à haut risque : un sous-marin nucléaire lanceur d’engins situé dans les hauts-fonds du Dangerous Ground pourrait menacer une grande partie de la population de la planète.
Les exercices de gestion des catastrophes dans l’ASEAN
Authors: Cabasset Christine
Published: March 2020

La gestion de catastrophes (HADR) est devenue un axe de travail majeur pour les instances civiles et militaires aséaniennes et la multiplication des exercices conjoints dédiés organisés dans la région en témoigne. Adoptant une approche géographique du phénomène, cet article analyse ce que ces derniers révèlent de l’ASEAN. Les exercices de simulation reflètent indéniablement la complexité et la simultanéité des situations de catastrophes auxquelles les États membres et la région se trouvent confrontés. Pour autant, ils se caractérisent par une pluralité des instances organisatrices, une inégale répartition, et un format à géométrie variable. Bien que ces traits amènent à questionner leur pouvoir fédérateur, l’article conclut pourtant que la gestion des catastrophes, notamment les exercices dédiés, profite à la dynamique aséanienne.
Une clairvoyance suspecte
Authors: Chabert Catherine
Published: March 2020

L’auteure propose une étude des interactions du refoulement chez le patient et l’analyste dans une double perspective, clinique et métapsychologique. La douleur psychique nécessite un refoulement récurrent, protégé par le transfert narcissique et idéalisant. La contrainte de la clairvoyance s’impose dans l’identification de l’analyste au désir de son patient : au-delà de la séduction, l’attente transférentielle active chez l’analyste une identification exaltante à la bonne personne susceptible de faire surgir et révéler les formations enfouies dans l’inconscient. Le transfert latéral permet alors d’ouvrir une voie de passage vers les fantasmes de désir et la confrontation à leurs empêchements dans la cure.
Musées et financements participatifs
Authors: Ballarini Marie
Published: March 2020

Dans un contexte d’une réduction chronique des subventions publiques au détriment des institutions culturelles et notamment muséales, le mécénat apparaît comme une ressource permettant de maintenir un équilibre budgétaire. Le numérique a permis l’apparition de nouveaux outils de mécénat individuel. Grâce à un questionnaire en ligne et une série d’entretiens, nous réalisons le recensement complet de ces outils et un état des lieux des pratiques, en ligne et hors ligne. Nous remarquons un désintérêt progressif des musées pour les souscriptions traditionnelles au profit des plateformes de crowdfunding et d’autres méthodes nouvelles. Si ce déplacement des pratiques ne modifie pas les capacités financières des musées, il permettrait en revanche, selon eux, de mobiliser des contributeurs plus jeunes ou plus lointains.
Confiance et contexte : une approche non cognitiviste des normes
Authors: Hunyadi Mark
Published: March 2020

Le contextualisme moral passe pour un culturalisme relativiste, notamment aux yeux de la théorie cognitiviste des normes de Habermas, ancrée dans une théorie de la communication langagière. Pour éviter ce cognitivisme discursif qui indexe les normes universelles à la vérité, il faut ancrer les normes en deçà de la communication langagière et de la logique des prétentions à la validité qui y est inscrite : dans notre rapport pratique au monde, caractérisé d’abord par la confiance qu’on met en lui (la confiance étant définie comme un pari sur des comportements attendus). L’article montre que les normes (qui fixent les attentes de comportement réciproques des acteurs) renvoient elles aussi à cette relation fiduciaire élémentaire, les détachant de leur lien cognitiviste à la vérité.
« Godefroy et le mouvement des peuples ». Singulier et collectif dans l’écriture de la guerre (XII e –XIII e siècles)
Authors: Milland-Bove Bénédicte
Published: March 2020

Le modèle médiéval, épique ou romanesque, sert souvent de repoussoir aux écrivains modernes qui prétendent donner une vision moins idéalisée des conflits, en montrant les foules dans leur quotidien parfois terre-à-terre plutôt que l’individu héroïque. Dans sa Poétique du récit de guerre , Jean Kaempfer montre comment le récit de guerre moderne se construit en contraste avec l’ancien récit de bataille, mais le modèle qu’il envisage est avant tout le modèle antique du récit « à la César ». En faisant dialoguer images, récits et procédés de textes antiques, médiévaux et modernes voire contemporains, le présent article voudrait proposer des pistes pour intégrer les récits médiévaux des xii e - xiii e siècles à une poétique générale de la guerre. Celle-ci sera envisagée à travers une série de tensions (entre singulier et collectif, ordre et désordre, dicible et indicible, topique et invention) présentes à chaque époque plutôt que comme un mouvement vectorisé d’un type d’écriture à un autre. On fera ainsi l’hypothèse d’une écriture « continuée » ou « collective » de la guerre, avec une circulation intertextuelle et mémorielle des discours et motifs, entraînant une sorte de « guerre des récits », mais se nourrissant aussi de realia sans cesse réactivées.
Autour de la Vache de Myron : de l’éloge de l’opus nobile à la réflexion sur les genres et les sujets en poésie
Authors: Prioux Évelyne
Published: March 2020

Cet article se penche sur le sens que peut revêtir la valorisation par Posidippe de Pella de la Vache de Myron, dont l’évocation occupe une position centrale au sein des andriantopoiika (épigrammes sur les bronziers) du poète macédonien. Même si l’original myronien représentait une vache destinée au sacrifice, cette statue animalière semble avoir été associée (à partir d’une date inconnue) à l’idée de paix et aux activités agricoles ou pastorales que la paix favorise ; dans la logique qui est celle du recueil de Posidippe, elle pourrait donc avoir été valorisée parce que son sujet, apparenté au monde bucolique, tranchait avec les représentations de héros homériques réalisées par le même bronzier. On peut se demander si l’humilité ou la dimension bucolique que certains poètes hellénistiques ont pu percevoir, à la suite de Posidippe ou de Léonidas de Tarente, dans le sujet traité par Myron n’expliquent pas l’exceptionnelle fortune de cette même sculpture dans la poésie ultérieure.
L’artisanat horloger au xixe siècle
Authors: Starck Perrine
Published: March 2020

L’histoire de l’horlogerie s’étale sur plusieurs siècles, et a traversé les époques en s’améliorant continuellement. Au xixe siècle, alors que la discipline s’est élevée au rang d’art, des amateurs s’y intéressent et s’approprient les savoir-faire de l’artisanat horloger. Dans des musées comme le musée des Arts et Métiers, riche d’une collection conséquente d’instruments horaires de tous âges, prennent alors leur place des pendules dont l’originalité se retrouve tant dans leur fabrication, que dans leur affichage des heures et leurs complications.
Use of the most significant change technique to evaluate intervention in promoting childbirth spacing in Nigeria
Authors: Aisiri Adolor , Fagbemi Babafunke , Akintola Oluseyi A. , Abodunrin Oluyemi S. , Olarewaju Olajumoke , Laleye Oluwatofunmi , Edozieuno Anthony
Published: March 2020

Background: Childbirth spacing (CBS) or Family Planning (FP) methods are considered an essential component of sexual and reproductive health. It refers to the resting period between pregnancies that provides the mother with time to recuperate from pregnancy, labour and lactation. To evaluate the impact of these methods, a storytelling evaluation approach was used.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of behaviour change communication intervention on demand and uptake of modern CBS methods.Method: Most significant change story technique was used to evaluate the outcome of behaviour change communication intervention in two north-western Nigerian states. Impact story template was used to collate 57 stories from the field through group discussions and in-depth interviews with women of reproductive age. Transcripts from the group discussions and interviews were analysed using qualitative analytical software.Results: One story was unanimously selected. The story was about a married 15-year-old with a history of three pregnancies and two live births, who suffered pregnancy complications and miscarriage during her last pregnancy. She had learnt about CBS methods through the community volunteers working on the social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) intervention. As a result, her husband and mother-in-law were convinced and agreed that she take up a modern FP or CBS method from the primary health facility in the community. She eventually took an implant method.Conclusion: Acceptance and uptake of modern CBS methods in north-western Nigeria has been low, and this is largely because of myths and misconceptions, and religious and cultural beliefs amongst others.
G Protein–Coupled Receptor 30 Mediates the Anticancer Effects Induced by Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhao Yue , Zhao Meng-Fei , Yang Mei-Lin , Wu Tian-Yu , Xu Cong-Jian , Wang Jing-Mei , Li Chao-Jun , Li Xi
Published: March 2020

PurposeWhile numerous epidemiological studies have indicated that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anticancer properties in various cancers, the effects and mechanisms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in ovarian cancer cell growth are poorly understood.Materials and MethodsES2 ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells and SKOV3 adenocarcinoma cells were treated with palmitic acid or EPA, followed by flow cytometry and cell counting to measure apoptosis and proliferation, respectively. A modified protein lipid overlay assay was used to further verify whether EPA was a ligand of G protein–coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in ES2 cells. The levels of apoptosis-related genes, phosphorylated AKT, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 were detected to explore the underlying mechanism. Finally, inhibitory effect of EPA on tumor growth via GPR30 was determined in vitro and in vivo.ResultsEPA suppressed ES2 ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells growth via GPR30, a novel EPA receptor, by inducing apoptosis. As a ligand of GPR30, EPA activated the GPR30-cAMP– protein kinase A signaling pathway. When GPR30 was suppressed by siRNA or its inhibitor G15, the antiproliferative action of EPA was impaired. Furthermore, EPA inhibited tumor growth by blocking the activation of AKT and ERK. In the mouse xenograft model, EPA decreased tumor volume and weight through GPR30 by blocking tumor cell proliferation.ConclusionThese results confirm that EPA is a tumor suppressor in human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells and functions through a novel fatty acid receptor, GPR30, indicating a mechanistic linkage between omega-3 fatty acids and cancers.
Soluble Axl Is a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Song Xiaoting , Wu Ailu , Ding Zhixiao , Liang Shixiong , Zhang Chunyan
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of soluble Axl (sAxl) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison with serum α-fetoprotein (AFP).Materials and MethodsEighty HCC patients, 80 liver cirrhosis patients (LC), 80 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and 80 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. sAxl levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum AFP levelswere measured by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate diagnostic performances.ResultsThe results show that levels of sAxl were high expression in patients with HCC (p < 0.05), varied with disease state as follows: HCC > LC > HC > HBV. Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis identified the optimal cut-off for sAxl in differentiating all HCC and non-HCC patients was 1,202 pg/mL (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUC], 0.888; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.852 to 0.924) with sensitivity 95.0%, specificity 73.3%. Furthermore, differential diagnosis of early HCC with non-HCC patients for sAxl showed the optimal cut-off was 1,202 pg/mL (AUC, 0.881; 95% CI, 0.831 to 0.931; sensitivity, 94.1%; specificity, 73.3%). Among AFP-negative HCC patients with non-HCC patients, the cut-off was 1,301 pg/mL (AUC, 0.898; 95% CI, 0.854 to 0.942) with a sensitivity of 84.6%, a specificity of 76.3%. The optimal cut-off for sAxl in differentiating all HCC and chronic liver disease patients was 1,243 pg/mL (AUC, 0.840; 95% CI, 0.791 to 0.888) with sensitivity 93.8%, specificity 61.9%. The combination of AFP and sAxl increased diagnostic value for HCC.ConclusionsAxl outperforms AFP in detecting HCC, especially in early HCC and in AFP-negative HCC. Combination sAxl with AFP improved the specificity for early HCC diagnosis. In summary, sAxl is a candidate serum marker for diagnosing HCC.
Significant seasonal changes in optical properties of brown carbon in the midlatitude atmosphere
Authors: Han Heejun , Kim Guebuem , Seo Hojong , Shin Kyung-Hoon , Lee Dong-Hun
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) plays significant roles in
the light absorption and photochemistry of the atmosphere. Although the
sources and occurrences of BrC have been studied extensively, its removal
processes and optical characteristics in the atmosphere have been poorly
understood. In this study, we examined the seasonal changes in sources and
sinks of BrC and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in the atmosphere of
Seoul, South Korea. Our results showed that the concentrations of BrC and WSOC
decreased by approximately 80 % and 30 %, respectively, from the cold
season (October–January) to the warm season (June–September). Excitation–emission matrix
(EEM) spectra showed that the humic-like substance (HULIS) was the dominant
fraction of BrC as the other components were not measurable. The air mass
back trajectories of fire burning practices and the variations in
non-crustal potassium (K) and vanadium (V) contents in the water-soluble
aerosols during all seasons showed no measurable decrease in input of
biomass-burning sources in summer. However, there was a significant shift in
photo-resistivity of light-absorbing organic aerosols in the summer,
indicating larger removals of ultraviolet (UV) degradable BrC. This trend is
supported by laboratory UV radiation experiments on the optical property
changes of BrC and WSOC in aerosol samples. Thus, our results suggest that
the photodegradation has dominant roles in controlling the quantity and
quality of light-absorbing organic aerosols in the different seasons in the
midlatitude atmosphere.
Assessment of local covariance estimation through Least Squares Collocation over Iran
Authors: Ramouz Sabah , Afrasteh Yosra , Reguzzoni Mirko , Safari Abdolreza
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Covariance determination as the heart of Least Squares Collocation
gravity field modeling is based on fitting an analytical covariance to the
empirical covariance, which is stemmed from gravimetric data. The main
objective of this study is to process different local covariance strategies
over four regions with different topography and spatial data distribution in
Iran. For this purpose, Least Squares Collocation based on Remove – Compute
– Restore technique is implemented. In the Remove step, gravity reduction in
regions with a denser distribution and a rougher topography is more
effective. In the Compute step, the assessment of the Collocation estimates
on the gravity anomaly control points illustrates that data density is more
relevant than topography roughness to have a good covariance determination.
Moreover, among the different attempts of localizing the covariance
estimation, a recursive approach correcting the covariance parameters based
on the agreement between Least Squares Collocation estimates and control
points shows better performance. Furthermore, we could see that covariance
localization in a region with sparse or bad distributed observations is a
challenging task and may not necessarily improve the Collocation gravity
modeling. Indeed, the geometrical fitness of the empirical and analytical
covariances – which is usually a qualitative test to verify the precision
of the covariance determination – is not always an adequate criterion.
Recovery and validation of Odin/SMR long term measurements ofmesospheric carbon monoxide
Authors: Grieco Francesco , Pérot Kristell , Murtagh Donal , Eriksson Patrick , Forkman Peter , Rydberg Bengt , Funke Bernd , Walker Kaley A. , Pumphrey Hugh C.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) on board the Odin satellite performs limb sounding measurements of the middle atmosphere to detect molecular emission from different species. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important tracer of atmospheric dynamics at these altitudes, due to its long photochemical lifetime and high vertical concentration gradient. In this study, we have successfully recovered over 18 years of SMR observations, providing the only dataset to date being so extended in time and stretching out to the polar regions, with regards to satellite-measured mesospheric CO. This new dataset is part of the Odin/SMR version 3.0 level 2 data. The much of the level 1 dataset – except the October 2003 to October 2004 period – was affected by a malfunctioning of the Phase-Lock Loop (PLL) in the frontend used for CO observations. Because of this technical issue, the CO line could be shifted away from its normal frequency location causing the retrieval to fail or leading to an incorrect estimation of the CO concentration. An algorithm was developed to locate the CO line and shift it to its correct location. Nevertheless, another artifact causing an underestimation of the concentration, i.e. a line broadening, stemmed from the PLL malfunctioning. This was accounted for by using a broader response function. The application of these corrections resulted in the recovery of a large amount of data that was previously being flagged as problematic and therefore not processed. A validation study has been carried out, showing how SMR CO volume mixing ratios are in general in good accordance with the other instruments considered in the study. Overall, the agreement is very good between 60 and 80 km altitude, with relative differences close to zero. A positive bias at low altitudes (50–60 km) up to +20 % and a negative bias up to −20 % at high altitudes (80–100 km) were found with respect to the compared instruments.
An Extended Radar Relative Calibration Adjustment (eRCA) Technique for Higher Frequency Radars and RHI Scans
Authors: Hunzinger Alexis , Hardin Joseph C. , Bharadwaj Nitin , Varble Adam , Matthews Alyssa
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This study extends the relative calibration adjustment technique for calibration of weather radars to higher frequency radars, as well as range-height indicator scans. The calibration of weather radars represents one of the most dominant sources of error for their use in a variety of fields including quantitative precipitation estimation and model comparisons. While most weather radars are routinely calibrated, the frequency of calibration is often less than required resulting in miscalibrated time periods. While full absolute calibration techniques often require the radar to be taken offline for a period of time, there have been online calibration techniques discussed in the literature. The relative calibration adjustment (RCA) technique uses the statistics of the ground clutter surrounding the radar as a monitoring source for the stability of calibration but has only been demonstrated to work at S- and C-Band for plan-position indicator scans at a constant elevation. In this work the RCA technique is modified to work with higher frequency radars, including Ka-band cloud radars. At higher frequencies the properties of clutter can be much more variable. This work introduces an extended clutter selection procedure that incorporates the temporal stability of clutter and helps to improve the operational stability of RCA for relatively higher frequency radars. The technique is also extended to utilize range-height scans from radars where the elevation is varied rather than the azimuth. These types of scans are often utilized with research radars to examine the vertical structure of clouds. The newly extended technique (eRCA) is applied to four DOE-ARM weather radars ranging in frequency from C- to Ka- band. Cross comparisons of three co-located radars with frequencies C, X, and Ka at the ARM CACTI site show the technique can determine changes in calibration. Using an X-band radar at the ARM Eastern North Atlantic site, we show how the technique can be modified to be more resilient to clutter fields that show an increased variability, in this case due to sea clutter. The results show that this technique is promising for a-posteriori data calibration and monitoring.
Driving mechanisms of organic carbon burial in the Early Cretaceous
South Atlantic Cape Basin (DSDP Site 361)
Authors: Dummann Wolf , Steinig Sebastian , Hofmann Peter , Lenz Matthias , Kusch Stephanie , Flögel Sascha , Herrle Jens Olaf , Hallmann Christian , Rethemeyer Janet , Kasper Haino Uwe , Wagner Thomas
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Extensive black shale deposits formed in the Early Cretaceous South Atlantic, supporting the notion that this emerging ocean basin was a globally important site of organic carbon burial. The magnitude of organic carbon burial in marine basins is known to be controlled by various tectonic, oceanographic, hydrological, and climatic processes acting on different temporal and spatial scales, the nature and relative importance of which are poorly understood for the young South Atlantic. Here we present new bulk and molecular geochemical data from an Aptian–Albian sediment record recovered from the deep Cape Basin at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 361, which we combine with general circulation model results to identify driving mechanisms of organic carbon burial. A multi-million year decrease (i.e. Early Aptian–Albian) in organic carbon burial, reflected in a lithological succession of black shale, gray shale, and red beds, was caused by increasing bottom water oxygenation due to abating tectonic restriction via South Atlantic-Southern Ocean gateways. These results emphasize basin evolution and ocean gateway development as a decisive primary control on enhanced organic carbon preservation in the Cape Basin at geological time scales (> 1 Myr). The Early Aptian black shale sequence comprises alternations of shales with high (> 5 %) and relatively low (∼ 3 %) organic carbon content of marine sources, the former being deposited during the global Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a, as well as during repetitive events before and after OAE 1a. In all cases, these short-term events of enhanced organic carbon burial coincided with strong influxes of sediments derived from the proximal African continent, indicating closely coupled climate–land–ocean interactions. Supported by our model results, we propose that fluctuations in weathering-derived nutrient input from the southern African continent, linked to fluctuations in pCO2 and/or orbitally driven humidity/aridity, were the underlying drivers of short-term organic carbon burial in the deep Cape Basin. These results suggest that deep marine environments of emerging ocean basins responded sensitively and directly to short-term fluctuations in riverine nutrient fluxes. We explain this relationship by the lack of wide and mature continental shelf seas that could have acted as a barrier or filter for nutrient transfer from the continent into the deep ocean.
Uncertainties in climate change projections covered by the ISIMIP and CORDEX model subsets from CMIP5
Authors: Ito Rui , Shiogama Hideo , Nakaegawa Tosiyuki , Takayabu Izuru
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Two international projects, ISIMIP (Inter-Sectoral Impact
Model Intercomparison Project) and CORDEX (Coordinated Regional Climate
Downscaling Experiment), have been established to assess the impacts of
global climate change and improve our understanding of regional climate
respectively. Model selection from the GCMs (general circulation models)
within CMIP5 (fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) was
conducted using the different approaches for each project: one is a globally
consistent model subset used in ISIMIP and the other is a region-specific
model subset for each region of interest used in CORDEX. We evaluated the
ability to reproduce the regional climatological state by comparing the
subsets with the full set of CMIP5 multimodel ensemble. We also investigated
how well the subsets captured the uncertainty in the climate change
projected by the full set, to increase credibility for the
scientific outcomes from each project. The spreads of the biases and
Taylor's skill scores from the ISIMIP and CORDEX subsets are smaller than
that from the full set for the regional means of surface air temperature and
precipitation. However, the ISIMIP and CORDEX subsets show the larger spread
than high-performance models from the full set, despite using a small number
of models in ISIMIP and CORDEX. It was shown that better subsets exist that
would have smaller biases and/or higher scores than the current subset. The
ISIMIP subset captures the uncertainty range of the regional mean of
temperature change projections by the full set better than the CORDEX
subsets in 10 of 14 terrestrial regions worldwide. Compared with 10 000
randomly selected subset samples, the CORDEX subset shows low coverage of
the uncertainty for the temperature change projections in some regions, and
the ISIMIP subset shows high coverage in all regions. On the other hand, for the
precipitation change projections, the CORDEX subsets show lower coverage in
half of the regions than the randomly selected subsets, but tend to cover
the uncertainty wider than the ISIMIP subset. In the regions where CORDEX
used nine models or more, good coverage (>50 %) is evident for
the projections of both temperature and precipitation. The globally
consistent model subset used in ISIMIP could have difficulty in capturing
uncertainties in the regional precipitation change projections, whereas it
widely covers uncertainties in the temperature change projections. The
region-specific model subset, like CORDEX, can cover the uncertainties in
both temperature and precipitation changes well compared to the global
common subset, but a large number of models is needed. By changing the
number of models from the current ensemble members to at least nine members,
high coverage for both uncertainties can be also obtained in the other
regions, and this information would help model selection in the next
generations.
FORTE 2.0: a fast, parallel and flexible coupled climate model
Authors: Blaker Adam T. , Joshi Manoj , Sinha Bablu , Stevens David P. , Smith Robin S. , Hirschi Joël J.-M.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. FORTE 2.0 is an intermediate resolution coupled Ocean Atmosphere General Circulation Model (AOGCM) consisting of IGCM4, a T42 spectral atmosphere with 35 σ layers, coupled to MOMA, a 2° × 2° ocean with 15 z layer depth levels. It is capable of producing a stable climate for long integrations without the need for flux adjustments. One flexibility afforded by the IGCM4 atmosphere is the ability to configure the atmosphere with either 35 σ layers (troposphere and stratosphere) or 20 σ layers (troposphere only). This enables experimental designs for exploring the roles of the troposphere and stratosphere, and the faster integration of the 20 σ layer configuration enables longer duration studies on modest hardware. A description of FORTE 2.0 is given, followed by analysis of a 2000 year long control integration.
The seasonal evolution of albedo across glaciers and the surrounding landscape of Taylor Valley, Antarctica
Authors: Bergstrom Anna , Gooseff Michael N. , Myers Madeline , Doran Peter T. , Cross Julian M.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica are a polar desert
ecosystem consisting of alpine glaciers, ice-covered lakes, streams, and
expanses of vegetation-free rocky soil. Because average summer temperatures
are close to 0 ∘C, the
MDV ecosystem in general, and glacier melt dynamics in particular, are both closely linked to the energy balance. A slight
increase in incoming radiation or change in albedo can have large effects on
the timing and volume of meltwater. However, the seasonal evolution or
spatial variability of albedo in the valleys has yet to fully characterized.
In this study, we aim to understand the drivers of landscape albedo change
within and across seasons. To do so, a box with a camera, GPS, and
shortwave radiometer was hung from a helicopter that flew transects four to five
times a season along Taylor Valley. Measurements were repeated over three
seasons. These data were coupled with incoming radiation measured at six
meteorological stations distributed along the valley to calculate the
distribution of albedo across individual glaciers, lakes, and soil
surfaces. We hypothesized that albedo would decrease throughout the austral
summer with ablation of snow patches and increasing sediment exposure on the
glacier and lake surfaces. However, small snow events (<6 mm water
equivalent) coupled with ice whitening caused spatial and temporal
variability of albedo across the entire landscape. Glaciers frequently
followed a pattern of increasing albedo with increasing elevation, as well as
increasing albedo moving from east to west laterally across the ablation
zone. We suggest that spatial patterns of albedo are a function of landscape
morphology trapping snow and sediment, longitudinal gradients in snowfall
magnitude, and wind-driven snow redistribution from east to west along
the valley. We also compare our albedo measurements to the MODIS albedo product
and found that overall the data have reasonable agreement. The mismatch in
spatial scale between these two datasets results in variability, which is
reduced after a snow event due to albedo following valley-scale gradients of
snowfall magnitude. These findings highlight the importance of understanding
the spatial and temporal variability in albedo and the close coupling of
climate and landscape response. This new understanding of landscape albedo
can constrain landscape energy budgets, better predict meltwater generation
on from MDV glaciers, and how these ecosystems will respond to changing
climate at the landscape scale.
The history of refugee and newcomer health care in Canada
Authors: Roseborough Austyn , Hudson Roger
Published: March 2020

Canada represents a global leader in refugee resettlement, having embraced an identity of multiculturalism that promotes the acceptance of newcomers. A crucial factor in facilitating post-arrival integration of newcomers into Canadian society is the maintenance of good health through the provision of adequate health care services. Throughout the past century, there has been an increase in the number of refugees in Canada, beginning largely in the post-World War period and extending into the second half of the twentieth century. This influx has required the development of health care systems and coverage specific to unique post-arrival medical needs of refugees. The history of refugee health care has been shaped by both policy and advocacy on behalf of refugees, resulting in a larger breadth of coverage today than ever before. This article summarizes the evolution of health care services provided to refugees, challenges that particular populations of refugees have faced in accessing care, and suggestions for continued improvements in refugee access to health care services.
Agentividad no intencional en la perífrasis pasar a + INF desde la perspectiva de la Gramática Discursivo Funcional
Authors: Ignacio Pereira Daniel
Published: March 2020

La perífrasis pasar a + INF presenta una multiplicidad de interpretaciones posibles, desde el simple movimiento de una entidad de un lugar a otro, hasta manifestar involuntariedad del agente en la ejecución de un evento. En este artículo, a propósito de la perífrasis en cuestión, se discute la noción de agentividad no intencional como un cambio en la interpretación agentiva del estado de cosas, es decir, el agente del evento pasa a interpretarse como causa del mismo. Para ello, se analiza una muestra del español hablado en Chile, desde la perspectiva de la Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (GDF). En definitiva, se sitúa la expresión pasar a + infinitivo en la gama de perífrasis verbales del español, específicamente de la variante chilena, desde una perspectiva discursivo funcional, como una manera de modificar el tipo de predicado de un verbo y marcar el evento como involuntario.
Radicales proposicionales y constituyentes inarticulados: restricciones a procesos de compleción en la interfaz sintaxis-pragmática
Authors: Saavedra Garretón Nicolás , Dominiccini Eduardo
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo analiza un tipo de estructuras predicativas pertenecientes a un conjunto de ejemplos característicamente abordado en la literatura sobre los constituyentes inarticulados. Específicamente, nos centramos en casos de compleción (Bach, 1994; 2014), es decir, oraciones que expresan proposiciones incompletas o “radicales proposicionales” y que requieren de contenido proposicional adicional contextualmente recuperable. Este tipo de expresiones ha sido tratado en el ámbito de la infradeterminación del significado y los contenidos implícitos, elementos centrales en la discusión sobre la interfaz entre la sintaxis y la pragmática. Analizamos homogéneamente ejemplos de compleción como casos de adjunción, manteniendo la separación entre operaciones de legitimación de argumentos a nivel sintáctico y otras operaciones semánticamente gatilladas y sensibles al contexto. Además del análisis de los adjetivos relativos, nuestra propuesta se extiende a otros tipos de proposiciones incompletas como aquellas expresadas por predicados con objetos o complementos faltantes, superlativos, términos relacionales, predicados de gusto y propiedades dependientes.
Compiling and analyzing a tagged learner corpus: a corpus-based study of adjective uses
Authors: Castillo Rodríguez Cristina , Díaz Lage José María , Rubio Martínez Beatriz
Published: March 2020

A learner corpus (LC) is widely known as a rich source of information regarding the use of expressions and the errors made by students in their productions. In fact, we, as teachers, can profit from the compilation of their tasks so as to analyze in detail their way of writing. However, the mere compilation of texts does not guarantee a successful exploitation, as more steps than saving texts must be involved in the whole process. Therefore, it seems essential to follow a protocolized methodology of compilation. In this paper we propose five phases for compiling a LC containing texts from the spontaneous written productions from undergraduate and postgraduate students. The outcomes thrown with the LC exploitation will reveal the errors in students’ productions regarding the use of plural, comparative and superlative in adjectives and also other fails detected in the tagging phase, most of which are due to students’ misuses.
Reseña de The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Teaching de Muñoz-Basols, Gironzetti y Lacorte (eds.)
Authors: Duque Eladio
Published: March 2020

Reseña de The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Teaching. Metodologías, contextos y recursos para la enseñanza del español L2 de Muñoz-Basols, Gironzetti y Lacorte (eds.). Londres: Routledge, 2019. ISBN 9781138182905.