bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic functions of linguistic impoliteness in US primary election debates
Authors: Schubert Christoph
Published: July 2021

Since presidential primary debates in US election campaigns serve the function of identifying the most promising nominee for the subsequent presidency, they constitute a highly adversarial multilogue. Debaters do not only exchange factual arguments but also use diverse forms of impoliteness geared towards damaging the public image of political opponents and persuading audiences to vote accordingly. Combining political discourse analysis with pragmatic approaches to impoliteness, this paper examines the ways in which verbal aggression in debates inflicts damage on the addressee’s positive and negative face. On the basis of five Democratic and five Republican debates from 2016, it is shown that impolite utterances fulfil the four central strategic functions of (a) delegitimization, (b) coercion, (c) entertainment, and (d) (self-)defence, all of which support the macro-function of political persuasion through the construction of personal preferability.
Tensile properties and microstructural features of friction stir welded Al 6061 joints fabricated by various dual-pin tool shapes
Authors: Ghiasvand A. , Hassanifard S. , Saadi S. , Varvani-Farahani A.
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the influence of tool shapes on tensile properties and microstructural features at stirred zone (SZ) and heat-affected zone of Al 6061 joints welded through friction stir welding (FSW) technique. Six novel dual-pin FSW tools were designed and fabricated consisting of two eccentric pins with different shapes of circle–circle, triangle–triangle (TT), rectangle–rectangle, and the combined pins of circle–triangle, circle–rectangle, and triangle–rectangle. Quasi-static tests were conducted on the welded joint samples and stress–strain data were collected. Dual-pin welding tools led to microstructural evolution including growth in the plastic flow and enlargement in SZ. Weld joints fabricated by TT and rectangle-triangle (RT) tools possessed the maximum values of tensile strength and ductility.
Gait and neuromuscular dynamics during level and uphill walking carrying military loads
Authors: Walsh Gregory S. , Harrison Isabel
Published: July 2021

The neuromuscular system responds to perturbation and increasing locomotor task difficulty by altering the stability of neuromuscular output signals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two different military load carriage systems on the dynamic stability of gait and muscle activation signals. 14 army office cadets (20 ± 1 years) performed 4‐minute treadmill walking trials on level (0%) and uphill (10%) gradients while unloaded, and with 11 kg backpack and 11 kg webbing loads while the activity of 6 leg and trunk muscles and the motion of the centre of mass (COM) were recorded. Loaded and uphill walking decreased stability and increased magnitude of muscle activations compared to loaded and level gradient walking. Backpack loads increased the medio‐lateral stability of COM and uphill walking decreased stability of vertical COM motion and increased stride time variability. However, there was no difference between the two load carriage systems for any variable. The reduced stability of muscle activations in loaded and uphill conditions indicates an impaired ability of the neuromuscular control systems to accommodate perturbations in these conditions which may have implications on the operational performance of military personnel. However, improved medio‐lateral stability in backpack conditions may indicate that participants were able to compensate for the loads used in this study, despite the decreased vertical stability and increased stride time variability evident in uphill walking. This study did not find differences between load carriage systems however, specific load carriage system effects may be elicited by greater load carriage masses.
Restrictive measures during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Malzanni Giulia Elvira , Canova Chiara , Battista Rosa Alessia , Malerba Paolo , Lerda Caterina , Angelone Sara Monica , Bussi Mario , Piccioni Lucia Oriella
Published: July 2021

Objective

Social distancing and face masks are considered the best tools to prevent COVID-19 spread despite an impact on communication, hearing perception and quality of life.

Methods

An observational study was performed among a population of normal hearing subjects (NHS) referring to Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Data were collected with a self-administered online questionnaire which included the Italian SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire referred to face masks use, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) and four questions focussed on communication difficulties due to facial masks use and social distancing (COVID-19 restrictions questions, CRQs).

Results

200 NHS answered the online survey. Mean age was 40.46 (SD 13.6). The cohort was distributed according to the job performed: 137 were workers in contact with the public (Job in contact with Public, JP), while 63 were people who don’t work with the public (Job Non in contact with Public, JNP). An overall decrease in quality of life, related to the use of face masks, was detected. In fact, significant differences in the SF-36 Health Survey among our sample and the Italian normative sample were observed in 4 over 8 multi-item scales: Physical Functioning (PF), Role Functioning Physical (RP), Social Functioning (SF) and Role Functioning Emotional (RE). Furthermore, a worst general mental health (GMH) score was observed in the JNP group (p = .0008). The CRQs analysis showed that facial masks were more frequently held responsible for communication difficulties compared to social distancing, particularly due to an attenuation of sound volume and difficulties in rendering facial expressions. Significantly higher anxiety scores were reported in the JNP group, according to the HAM-A, although not reaching pathological level.

Conclusions

An impact on communication and general health perception due to COVID-19 restrictions was referred in a large part of the population with differences between the two groups (JP vs. JNP).
Nonlinear stability of fast invading fronts in a Ginzburg–Landau equation with an additional conservation law
Authors: Hilder Bastian
Published: July 2021

We consider traveling front solutions connecting an invading state to an unstable ground state in a Ginzburg–Landau equation with an additional conservation law. This system appears as the generic amplitude equation for Turing pattern forming systems admitting a conservation law structure such as the Bénard–Marangoni problem. We prove the nonlinear stability of sufficiently fast fronts with respect to perturbations which are exponentially localized ahead of the front. The proof is based on the use of exponential weights ahead of the front to stabilize the ground state. The main challenges are the lack of a comparison principle and the fact that the invading state is only diffusively stable, i.e. perturbations of the invading state decay polynomially in time.
Liquid crystal elastomers wrinkling
Authors: Goriely Alain , Mihai L Angela
Published: July 2021

When a liquid crystal elastomer layer is bonded to an elastic layer, it creates a bilayer with interesting properties that can be activated by applying traction at the boundaries or by optothermal stimulation. Here, we examine wrinkling responses in three-dimensional nonlinear systems containing a monodomain liquid crystal elastomer layer and a homogeneous isotropic incompressible hyperelastic layer, such that one layer is thin compared to the other. The wrinkling is caused by a combination of mechanical forces and external stimuli. To illustrate the general theory, which is valid for a range of bilayer systems and deformations, we assume that the nematic director is uniformly aligned parallel to the interface between the two layers, and that biaxial forces act either parallel or perpendicular to the director. We then perform a linear stability analysis and determine the critical wave number and stretch ratio for the onset of wrinkling. In addition, we demonstrate that a plate model for the thin layer is also applicable when this is much stiffer than the substrate.
Towards a classification of networks with asymmetric inputs
Authors: Aguiar Manuela , Dias Ana , Soares Pedro
Published: July 2021

Coupled cell systems associated with a coupled cell network are determined by (smooth) vector fields that are consistent with the network structure. Here, we follow the formalisms of Stewart et al (2003 SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst.
2 609–646), Golubitsky et al (2005 SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst.
4 78–100) and Field (2004 Dyn. Syst.
19 217–243). It is known that two non-isomorphic n-cell coupled networks can determine the same sets of vector fields—these networks are said to be ordinary differential equation (ODE)-equivalent. The set of all n-cell coupled networks is so partitioned into classes of ODE-equivalent networks. With no further restrictions, the number of ODE-classes is not finite and each class has an infinite number of networks. Inside each ODE-class we can find a finite subclass of networks that minimize the number of edges in the class, called minimal networks. In this paper, we consider coupled cell networks with asymmetric inputs. That is, if k is the number of distinct edges types, these networks have the property that every cell receives k inputs, one of each type. Fixing the number n of cells, we prove that: the number of ODE-classes is finite; restricting to a maximum of n(n − 1) inputs, we can cover all the ODE-classes; all minimal n-cell networks with n(n − 1) asymmetric inputs are ODE-equivalent. We also give a simple criterion to test if a network is minimal and we conjecture lower estimates for the number of distinct ODE-classes of n-cell networks with any number k of asymmetric inputs. Moreover, we present a full list of representatives of the ODE-classes of networks with three cells and two asymmetric inputs.
Quarkonium dissociation properties at finite chemical potential in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Authors: Agotiya Vineet Kumar , Solanki Siddhartha , Lal Manohar
Published: July 2021

Using the quasi-particle Debye mass we have mapped the quarkonium properties at finite baryonic chemical potential which is obtained by approximated medium modified potential at T = 0 through the dielectric function. We study the dissociation temperature and baryonic chemical potential dependence of binding energy of heavy quarkonia states for full QCD case and estimated the ground state patterns of theJ/ψstates.
Arabidopsis thaliana L. Seeds are A novel source of somatic embryos
Authors: Al-Jirjees Rasha Fawzi , Salih Shifa Mahdi , AL-Mallah Mozahim Kasim
Published: July 2021

Somatic embryogenesis is a valuable tool for investigating the totipotency of plant cells. A simple and efficient protocol for inducing somatic embryogenesis from seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were established. Surface sterilized seeds were placed on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium free from growth regulators. Callus initiation began 7 days after seeds culture and became visible with the naked eye within 10-14 days. It was friable and yellowish white in color. Within 20 days, callus was transferred to Gamborg’s B5 medium containing 1.0 mgL-1 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 0.05 mgL−1 Kin for multiplication. The results indicated that somatic embryos had been recorded only in B5 medium supplemented with 0.4 mgL−1 TDZ (N-phenyl-N’-1,2, 3-thidiazol-5-ylurea) and it was the best one. Through our observation, different stages of somatic embryos have been found. The results revealed that the continuous transfer of small masses containing several embryos at different stages to the same induction medium subsequently formed a large cluster of shoots, which were rooted in MS medium free from growth regulators and MS hormone-free medium with 0.2activated charcoal. The percentages of rooting were 63% and 51% respectively. This study proved that Arabidopsis thaliana seeds are a novel source for somatic embryos.
Effect of Gamma irradiation on the structural and optical properties of cadmium telluride thin films
Authors: Noori Eman M.
Published: July 2021

Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) thin films of 2000 Å thickness were deposited by thermal evaporation technique and irradiated with γ-ray energy for the times 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Structure characterized by x-ray diffraction for both as-deposited and irradiated thin films. The increase in irradiation time appeared an improvement of crystallinity. The transmittance spectra of films using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer showed the increase in irradiation times leads to decreased in transmittance of films. The energy band gap found direct transition and decrease from (1.6-1.53) eV as the irradiation time increase.
ANOVA on principal component as an alternative to MANOVA
Authors: Abapihi Bahriddin , Adhi Wibawa Gusti Ngurah , Baharuddin  , Mukhsar  , Agusrawati  , LaOme Lilis
Published: July 2021

With its strict assumptions, practitioners found difficulties in applying Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) on their works. When normal assumption is partially fulfilled on multivariate responses, it does not guarantee that the responses are to be multivariate normal distributed simultaneously. To tackle this problem, we proposed a method by simply applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on principal component (PC). The PC is a linear combination of the responses. Once all the responses are normally distributed, the PCS will also be. Accordingly, all we need is to ensure that the responses are to be partially normal distributed and the multivariate normal distribution is needless. The results of our data analysis indicated that our proposed method can be used as an alternative to MANOVA, especially when multivariate normal assumption could not be fully guaranteed.
Performance of Physics Educators in Develop Teaching Aids of Physics Based on Discovery Learning in SMA Negeri 4 Takalar
Authors: Taqwin M , Akhfar M
Published: July 2021

The research aims to know how discovery learning-based learning devices are fit, know how educators perform in creating and developing learning devices tailored to the provisions, know what difficulties educators experience in making teaching aids of physics. This type of research is done using a qualitative approach to the type of research that is case study research. The sequence of research activities includes: (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) data collection (4) data analysis, and (5) data reporting. In data collection using observation techniques, interviews are online. Data analysis techniques use qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. To test the validity of the author’s data using triangulation techniques. The subject of his research was a Physics educator at SMA Negeri 4 Takalar. The results showed that (1) physics educator learning devices have not complied with the provisions, (2) the performance of Physics educators in creating and develop of teaching aids of physics in SMA Negeri 4 Takalar in general is in accordance with the provisions, (3) the difficulty experienced by educators in making learning devices regarding the lack of knowledge and difficulty of some existing devices.
Intelligent Transaction System for Fraud Detection using Deep Learning Networks
Authors: Naomi J Fenila , Roshan Jeniel R , Sakthi Eswaran K , Sanjeev Kumaar N M
Published: July 2021

Detecting online transaction fraud is a basic study of the new era of electronic transactions. Because the payment patterns of customers and the fraud behaviour of offenders are continually changing, improving the consistency of the fraud detection model and ensuring its stability is exceedingly challenging. In this report, we will look at We concentrate on acquiring deep feature representations of legal and fraud transactions from the perspective of a deep neural network’s loss function in this report. Our aim is to increase the separability and discrimination of features in order to boost the efficiency and stability of our fraud detection platform, with the rapid evolution of the technology, the world is turning to use online transaction instead of cash in their daily life, which opens the door to many new ways for fraudsters to use these cards in a nefarious manner. Global losses are projected to reach $35 billion by 2020, according to the Nilson report. To guarantee that users of these credit cards are secure, the credit card issuer should provide a program that protects them from any threats they can experience. As a result, we illustrate our framework for predicting whether transactions are genuine or illegitimate using Kaggel’s IEEE-CIS Fraud Detection dataset. BiLSTM-MaxPooling-BiGRUM is the name of our model. Long bi-directional gated repeated unit and long bi-directional memory term (BiLSTM) are used in axPooling (BiGRU).
Machine Learning Based Classification Models for Heart Disease Prediction
Authors: Karthikeyan N , Padmanaban P , Prasanth A , Ragunath D
Published: July 2021

Coronary illness is one of the intricate sicknesses and all around the world numerous individuals experienced this infection. On schedule and effective recognizable proof of coronary illness assumes a critical part in medical care, especially in the field of cardiology. In this article, a productive and exact framework approach is reported to analysis coronary illness, and the framework depends on AI strategies. The framework is created dependent on grouping calculations incorporates Support vector machine, Logistic relapse, Artificial neural organization, K-closest neighbor, Naïve straights, and Decision tree while standard highlights determination calculations have been utilized, for example, Relief, Minimal excess maximal importance, Least supreme shrinkage choice administrator and Local learning for eliminating immaterial and repetitive highlights. In addition, it processes a quick restrictive shared data highlight choice calculation to tackle include determination issue. The highlights determination calculations are utilized for highlights choice to expand the characterization precision and diminish the execution season of grouping framework. Besides, the leave one subject out cross-approval strategy has been utilized for learning the prescribed procedures of model evaluation and for hyper parameter tuning. The presentation estimating measurements are utilized for appraisal of the exhibitions of the classifiers. The exhibitions of the classifiers have been kept an eye on the chose highlights as chosen by highlights choice calculations. The exploratory outcomes show that the proposed highlight choice calculation (FCMIM) is attainable with classifier uphold vector machine for planning a significant level shrewd framework to recognize coronary illness. The recommended finding framework (FCMIM-SVM) accomplished great exactness when contrasted with recently proposed strategies. Also, the proposed framework can without much of a stretch be executed in medical services for the distinguishing proof of coronary illness.
Performance of PID Controller in Poultry House System
Authors: Vidhya K , Shivani B
Published: July 2021

Poultry house is mainly used for the purpose of enhancing the environmental conditions in which birds are grown. The temperature and humidity inside livestock building is the most influential factor on the chickens. This paper proposes new ways to control the temperature inside poultry house using an optimized Proportional Integrator Derivative controller. The primary technique focuses on the set of the output matrix via the adaptation of the Static Output Feedback control for the Multi Input Multi Output system. The single model of the poultry house process is controlled with the PID controller. Additionally, the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is employed to derive the optimal parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd) on testing the four multi-objective indices (Integral Absolute Error, Integral Square Error, Integral Time multiplied by Absolute Error, Integral Time multiplied by Square Error). The simulation results and shows better performance of the proposed technique in tracking the required set point with the poultry house systems.
Factors of influence for functionalised of chitosan with n-heterocyclic salt in aqueous medium
Authors: Costea (Nour) I F , Melinte R G , Noapteş S N , Cudălbeanu M , Dediu (Botezatu) A V , Dinică R M , Cârâc G
Published: July 2021

We reported here, the synthesis of a new N-heterocyclic chitosan derivative with N,N’-diphenacyl-4,4’-dipyridinium dibromide salt-core to improve the chitosan biological activity. Chemical modifications of chitosan are required to enhance its low solubility in aqueous solutions. The synthesis of functionalised chitosan with quaternary ammonium salt of dipyridinium, was carried out in aqueous medium, in the temperature range 20°C - 80°C, along the time up to 120 min (15-120 min.). The new chitosan derivative structure was characterised by XRD and FT-IR analysis of the solid samples, kept at ambient temperature and, also, by elemental analysis (C and N). The results show that the chitosan functionalised structure is influenced mostly by the temperature. The new compound could show promising biological properties due to improved solubility properties and deserves to be further investigatedfor various biological applications.
Degradation ability of indigenous bacteria from pesticide-contaminated water and soil in Brebes Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Istiqomah D , Irwandhi  , Subandrio H R , Rakhman H I , Nugroho I F S , Hendra  , Islamiati A
Published: July 2021

Brebes regency is the center of shallot cultivation in Indonesia. Chemical pesticides are very frequent and widely used to control pest and disease of shallot. The use of chemical pesticides adversely affects human health and the environment. Bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated environments using microbes that come directly from the polluted environment is a promising, effective, and harmless for the environment. Indigenous-bacteria could be the eminent agent because they are able to remediate pesticides with a high level of effectiveness compared to agents from outside the environment. This is needed to solve the problem of pesticide pollutants that have no solution in Brebes Regency and other agricultural areas. The aim of this research was to obtain bacterial isolates that can degrade pesticide contamination by exploring bacteria in a polluted environment. This research was conducted by isolating bacteria and characterizing the existing bacteria in the shallot cultivation from Brebes Regency. Bacteria were taken from soil and water in the shallot cultivation and irrigation channels. The research methods include biochemical tests, pesticide degradation abilty test. Four isolates were promising to be potential pesticide-degrading agent. The prospect of this research is could produce a product in the formula of bacteria which can be a pesticide-bioremediation agent.
Water quality analysis of the rivers Topolnitsa and Luda Yana, Bulgaria using different indices
Authors: Gartsiyanova K , Varbanov M , Kitev A , Genchev S
Published: July 2021

This study focuses on the analysis of some of the worldwide use of surface water index estimates. The catchment areas of the two model basins of bulgarian rivers (Topolnitsa and Luda Yana) are subject to active anthropogenic load. There are numerous metallurgical plants, combines for non-ferrous metals, mines and tailing ponds have been operating in the area for many years. At the end the heavy metals being the final result of their production activity. In the same time the waters of the rivers have various applications - industrial, household and agricultural. To obtain an assessment of the water quality status of the Topolnitsa and Luda Yana rivers in Bulgaria, two different indices are used - Water Pollution Index (WPI) and the Bavarian Surface Quality Index - (CJ). In the first one the conditions are regulated by the creators of the algorithm (reference values, set of physicochemical indicators, requirements for the type of data), the rest are selected by the user according to criteria determined by him. The index is calculated by a number of physicochemical parameters as obligatory include “dissolved oxygen” and “BOD5”. This is due to the fact that these indicators are particularly sensitive to the anthropogenic impact. The CJ index presents a summary of water quality in a given sample according to a set of physicochemical indices and is expressed as a non-dimensional quantity from 0 to 100 (0 is the worst and 100 is the best water quality) grade of reference values are defined. In this index all conditions are set in advance by the creator, including the set of indicators, reference values, weight of individual indicators, etc. The dataset consists of analytical results from a 6-yrs survey conducted in selected points of the river systems. The main aim of this article is to test the sensitivity of two indices different in their construction, algorithm and content for complex assessment of river water quality in Bulgarian conditions.
Analysis of the quality of river water in Sofia city district, Bulgaria
Authors: Varbanov M , Gartsiyanova K , Tcherkezova E , Kitev A , Genchev S
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the current status of the river waters in Sofia city district, Bulgaria. The object of this study is the waters of the river Iskar and its tributaries in the selected area. The main hydrochemical indicators are analyzed in accordance with the national legislation for the period 2016-2020. Key points and areas of anthropogenic impact are determined. A complex assessment of quality of the river water has been carried out with the application of the Water Quality Index (CCME) – Canada.
Metals removal from surface and wastewaters using an eco-friendly and sustainable material
Authors: Moldovan A , Torok A , Kovacs E , Roman M , Levei E , Cadar O , Babalau-Fuss V , Senila M , Micle V
Published: July 2021

In this study, the potential metal adsorption properties of a Romanian natural and activated (by chemical, thermal and thermo-chemical treatments) zeolite was tested for further use in water treatment. The structural changes of zeolite after activation were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) analysis. Adsorption experiments were carried out for 72 h at room temperature, using a zeolite/liquid ratio of 1 g/50 mL using highly contaminated surface and wastewaters. The metal concentrations (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) were determinate before and after the adsorption experiments using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Although, the chemical and thermo-chemical activation methods had a positive effect on the CEC values, the FT-IR and XRD analyses did not indicated any notable changes in the zeolite structure. The obtained results showed that the highest metal removal efficiency was reached for the thermally activated zeolite. After 72h, the metal removal efficiency ranged between 12.8 and 100% in the case of surface waters and between 1.55 and 59.2% in the case of wastewaters.
Potential of fibrinolytic protease enzyme from tissue of sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) as thrombolysis agent
Authors: Hidayati N , Fuad H , Munandar H , Zilda DS , Sulistyaningtyas AR , Nurrahman N , Darmawati S , Ethica SN
Published: July 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still the main cause of death in modern society with thrombosis as their most common underlying pathology. The occurrence of thrombosis is characterized by thrombus formation in the circulatory system of the body causing blood clot blockage. Thrombus blocking blood vessels can be destroyed through fibrinolysis by plasmin. Commonly administered fibrinolytic drugs activate plasminogen and convert plasminogen to plasmin which degrades fibrin. However, these agents have limitations such as higher costs, shorter half-lives, allergic reactions and intravenous administration-caused bleeding. Hence, more effective and safer antithrombotic drugs are needed in anti-thrombosis therapy. This paper was intended to assess the ability of Holothuria scabra tissue fibrinolytic proteases as a thrombolytic agent based on literature studies. Summary of recent studies showed that various strong fibrinolytic enzymes could be produced from various animal tissues such as snake and earthworm, yet from sea organism’ tissues are barely reported. In this literature review, the potential of protease enzymes from tissue of H. scabra as thrombolysis agent is summarized and discussed. Among the findings is that H. scabra has the highest protein content among other sea cucumbers in Indonesia, yet the isolation of protease enzymes from H. scabra tissue has not been reported. Hence, there is high possibility in finding novel proteases, which may include serine and metallo-protease known for their thrombolysis activities.
Scaling measurement of oil production wastewater as a comprehensive environmental engineering experiment
Authors: Yu Tao , Zhang Xiaofei , Yang Bo , Jinling Li , Chen Gang , Qu Chengtun
Published: July 2021

In the process of scaling the measurement of oil production wastewater using the bottle test method, the deposition and attachment of scaling crystals on the bottle wall lead to a small measurement result and a large error compared to the actual measurement. The scaling amount of oil production wastewater is measured by adding quantitative clay and inducing adsorption, gathering, and deposition of scaling crystals onto the surface of clay particles. Comparing with the theoretical value, the determination result is more accurate than the result of the bottle test method. The comprehensive experimental design described in this paper applies various topics of colloid and interface chemistry, such as scale crystal growth, clay diffusion double electric layer, and micelle structure. We believe that this design will help students majoring in environmental engineering to master the measurement method of scaling the amount of oil production wastewater and strengthen their ability to solve practical problems.
Online COD measurement based on multi-source spectral feature-level fusion model
Authors: Guan Li , Tong Yifei , Li Jingwei , Wu Shaofeng , Li Dongbo
Published: July 2021

To overcome the shortcomings of UV-Vis spectrometry and fluorescence spectrometry for COD detection, an online measurement named FfCODnet has been proposed and estimated in this paper. In this method, UV-Vis spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum are collected online by a spectrophotometer, then De-noising Auto-Encoders (part of FfCODnet, abbreviated as DAE) are used to clean two types of raw spectrum respectively, finally the rest of FfCODnet is utilized to predict COD value of water sample. Through experiments and results comparison, the result shows that the proposed method has a good performance on both noise tolerance and measure accuracy.
The effectiveness of breakwaters decreasing the peat shoreline change in Bengkalis Island
Authors: Ratri D A R , Mizuno K , Martono D N
Published: July 2021

The preserve presence of peatland in Indonesia is not only endangered by direct anthropogenic force (e.g., peat fires, logging, land-use change, and canalisation). In the last three decades, coastal peat erosion upon northern Bengkalis Island threatens the peat ecosystem’s subsistence. Climate change, rising global sea levels, and high tides across the Malacca strait are potential threats to the Island’s existence. This paper will emphasise analysing the current coastal breakwaters’ effectiveness and their effect on the shoreline change rates from 2014-2020. The result indicates that the compounding Mangrove and breakwaters conserved the coastal area and decreased erosion rates for the last five years in Bantan districts.
Adaptation management to minimize land fires in peatland hydrological unit Bengkalis Island
Authors: Karmila Y A , Mizuno K , Maas A , Saiya H G
Published: July 2021

Peatland fires are an annual phenomenon in Bengkalis Island. One of the factors causing peatland fire is wrong land management. Not much research on peatland fires due to land management can provide new evidence that land management models can minimize peatland fires. This study aimed to find a comprehensive management adaptation to minimize land fires on peatland. This study draws on spatial, qualitative, and quantitative data from the literature, project and policy documents, observations from the field, and interviews with key persons and other stakeholders in Peatland Hydrological Unit (PHU) Bengkalis Island. Adaptation of communities around peatland based on sustainable management has a good result in an economic and social aspect. One of the community adaptations to minimize land fires is management without burning. Land management without burning will be beneficial if it is carried out in conjunction with soil amendments such as F1-embio on peat soil that will remain rich in soil fertility bacteria. The result of the study stated adaptive management of communities around peatlands could minimize land fires.
Chitosan membrane technology as adsorbent media: management of Tallo River Basin Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Hamsina Hamsina , Surya B , Muhammadiah M , Anggraini N , Indrawati E
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the surface area and adsorption power of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ions in the Tallo river basin and determine the optimization of Pb (II) ion absorption by chitosan membrane adsorbents and the adsorption time of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ion in Tallo river basin. The method used in this study consisted of chitosan synthesis from crab shell waste, chitosan membrane design with various membrane variations comprised of a concentration ratio of chitosan and cellulose acetate respectively 35%, 65%, 45%: 55%, 50 %: 50% and 65%: 35% with variations in adsorption time of 10; 25; 45; 60 minutes, then followed by the adsorption mechanism of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ions. Determination of the surface area was carried out using the Brunner Emmer Teller (BET) analysis. In contrast, the optimization of Pb (II) ion absorption and adsorption power was carried out using UV Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the surface area of the chitosan membrane reached 765 m3 / g, a pore volume of 1,267 cc / g, and a pore diameter of 4.7 nm, the adsorption capacity of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ions was 76.34%. In comparison, the adsorption capacity of the chitosan membrane against ions Pb (II) metal was 68.5 mg / g for 100 minutes. This study recommends the use of a chitosan membrane to reduce the levels of Pb (II) metal ions and improve the quality of Tallo river water for consumption.
Calculation of heavy metals pollution load enters to Saguling dam West Java Province
Authors: Wardhani E , Roosmini D , Notodarmojo S
Published: July 2021

The current study aims to assess the trace metals concentration in water and sediments from rivers entering Saguling Dam and calculate their pollution load. Water and surface sediment samples were collected in September 2017 during the dry season. Seven rivers which are Citarum, Cihaur, Cijere, Cimerang, Cipatik, Cijambu, and Ciminyak. Trace metals were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Based on the measurement of the total discharge that enters the Saguling Dam from 7 rivers of 20.074 m3s-1. Cr and Cu pollute river water. Seminyak River has the highest Cr concentration of 0.096 mg-1, and the lowest is Cimerang River 0.054 mgL-1. High Cu concentration does not meet the Citarum River, Cimerang, and Cipatik with respective concentrations of 0.038, 0.029, and 0.031 mgL-1. River sediments have heavy metal content that exceeds the standard. These metals are derived from anthropogenic sources in the catchment area. Pollution load of all the rivers that go into Saguling Dam for parameter Cd, Cr and Cu respectively 7.654, 149.128, and 63.435 kg.day-1. The most significant contributor comes from the Citarum River, which is the largest river in this area. The results obtained would help develop more effective dam management.
Strengthening resilience to flood disaster in Depok urban areas
Authors: Yitnaningtyas T B K , Hasibuan H S , Tambunan R P
Published: July 2021

Floods are the impact of changes from a large-scale destructive environmental problem. The combination of population and climate change puts pressure on the challenges of sustainable urban development. The resilience of cities has a relationship with the value of urban sustainability; thus, it will be involved in the social-economic-environmental fields, and looks at the impact of floods and the recovery efforts. The approach method used is mixed, with case study analysis in the form of exploration of flood disaster events. While the sample was taken at the location of Depok City, West Java. There are various fields forming resilience, which are community accessibility, poverty level, carrying capacity of the water environment. Urban resilience is needed in every region to withstand disturbances to the recovery and reconstruction phases to restore the function of the urban system to normal. So this paper is intended to find the relationship between the elements that make up urban flood resilience.
Switching of water supply in regional general company Tirta Moedal drinking water, Semarang City, West Semarang branch
Authors: Priyambodo S , Sarminingsih A , Syafrudin
Published: July 2021

The Semarang City Government, through the Tirta Moedal Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) Semarang City, plans to improve clean water services in the West Semarang Region by increasing production capacity by building a Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in Bambankerep Jatibarang with a capacity of 1000 liters/second for West Semarang area services. For the Jatibarang WTP to be absorbed according to schedule, it is necessary to divert the existing water supply to other service areas that need and are not included in the Jatibarang WTP service area. This study aims to comprehensively study the most likely directions for transferring water supplies to areas that currently require additional supply with the transfer system. The research method uses hydraulic analysis of the piping network using the Epanet 2.0 program. The analysis results will be displayed in pipe diameter, flow velocity and pressure at each junction point. The results obtained are the diversion of the existing water supply to another area outside of Jatibarang WTP. The result to be achieved from this research is an increase in the capacity and service coverage of Tirta Moedal Regional Drinking Water Company in the North Branch.
Performance evaluation of domestic wastewater treatment: case study “x building at Jakarta”
Authors: Kautsar M L , Rinanti A
Published: July 2021

An evaluation of the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) “X Building” performance at Jakarta has been carried out. Domestic wastewater produced from X Building at Jakarta has a relatively high organic compound. It can cause environmental pollution, so wastewater treatment is required to reduce the concentration of organic compounds. The parameters of BOD, COD, TSS and Ammonia after treated compared to a quality standard of Permen LHK RI No.68/Menlhk/Setjen/kum.1/8/2016. The removal efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS and Ammonia were studied. The evaluation was conducted from January 2019 up to March 2021. Domestic wastewater treatment with process activated sludge with fixed film media is quite effective for lowering organic pollutants, COD, BOD, TSS and ammonia. The removal efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS and Ammonia greater than 90%. In August 2019 and September 2019, the removal efficiency for all parameters decreased, and the Ammonia parameter decreased to 47% in August and 55% in September 2019. The Elimination Efficiency of each parameter increased again to reach more than 90% from October 2019 until December 2019. In 2020, with an average discharge of 242, the removal efficiency of all parameters would get more than 95%. From January 2019 to March 2021, the parameters of BOD, COD and TSS have a concentration below the quality standard. For Ammonia parameters, in August and September 2019, ammonia parameters exceed the quality standard and below the quality standard in other months.
Trend Analysis of Annual Runoff in Yong’an Creek Basin of Zhejiang
Authors: Zhiqiang Huang , Kaiqi Shen , Chao Zhao , Ming Shan
Published: July 2021

Yong’an Creek is the source of the Lingjiang River, one of the eight major river systems in Zhejiang, and is of great significance to support the economic and social development of the Zhejiang region. Based on the runoff data of Baizhi’ao Hydrological Station from 1985 to 2020, this paper uses linear regression, Mann-Kendall method and Sen’s slope estimator to analyze the change trend of the annual runoff of Yong’an Creek, and diagnoses abrupt changes. The results show: The runoff in the Yong’an Creek basin has large interannual variability, and the linear regression and M-K trend test results show that the runoff in the Yongan River Basin has a downward trend. There is no real mutation point in the precipitation in the Yong’an Creek basin from 1985 to 2020. The results of Sen’s slope show that the rate of change of runoff is small. The results of the study will provide necessary guidance for sustainable water resources management and disaster risk reduction of the Yong’an Creek basin.
An Enhanced Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Algorithm to Simulate the Soret Coefficient in Heptane/Benzene Mixtures
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Liang Ruquan , Wu Lichun , Cui Gan
Published: July 2021

In this work, the accuracy of the Soret effect was investigated at the situation of T = 303.15 K and P = 1.0 atm. The eHEX (enhanced heat exchange) algorithm and the TraPPE-UA force field were applied to simulate this thermal diffusion behavior. The equimolar mixtures of heptane isomers (n-heptane, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane and 2, 3-dimethylpentane) and benzene were chosen to be the research fluids. The Soret coefficients were calculated to compare with the experimental data and other NEMD simulated results. The results showed great agreement with experimental data and a better accuracy compared to other NEMD simulated results. Moreover, the results shows that more branches may decrease the heat affinity of the component and increase the relaxation time of the thermal diffusion behavior.
Effect of Polyaniline Mass Composition on Electrochemical of Active Carbon/Polyaniline as Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Rohmawati Lydia , Anggraini Nuricha , SP Siti Holisa , Intifadhah Sahara Hamas , Setyarsih Woro
Published: July 2021

Supercapacitor electrodes have been developed using natural materials from coconut shells (Cocos Nucifera) and polyaniline conductive polymers. This electrode fabrication uses the dry mixing method, with the addition of 10-20 wt% polyaniline to activated carbon. Electrochemical characterization of supercapacitor electrodes is examined using cyclic voltammetry at a scan rate of 100 mV/s. This result of characterization showed that the addition of mass of polyaniline affects the specific capacitance value of the supercapacitor electrode. Active carbon electrode/18 wt% polyaniline has a maximum specific capacitance value of 4.1 F/g. Furthermore, the activated carbon electrode/18wt% polyaniline was tested for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The addition of wt% polyaniline has an impact on the value of the electrical conductivity of the supercapacitor electrode when compared to the activated carbon electrode alone. The electrical conductivity of activated carbon electrodes/18 wt% polyaniline is 4.25 × 10−2S/cm, while the electrical conductivity of activated carbon electrodes is 1.04 × 10−2S/cm.
Design of Work System for Reducing Pollution and Forest Fire Smoke
Authors: Riandadari D , Gunawan S
Published: July 2021

Air quality has an impact on human life. The incidence of forest and land fires has caused many casualties. On the other hand, poor air quality as a result of forest and land fires also threatens human life directly. Therefore a Pollution and Smoke Reduction Tool was designed as a solution to the problems of pollution and smoke due to forest fires. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the design and manufacture of Pollution and Smoke Reducers as well as its working principles. The writing method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies to strengthen ideas. Pollution and Smoke Reducers are tools that can convert particulate CO (PM) PM10 and PM2.5 into CO_2 and burn particulates PM10 and PM2.5 until they disappear. Pollution and Smoke Reducers are the development of research on catalytic converters and diesel particulate filters by utilizing a fan/blower as a smoke suction agent and a heater to heat the smoke until it burns completely. Pollution and Smoke Reducers are also equipped with wire mesh and fiber to trap particulates and hold them until they burn entirely. Pollution and Smoke Reducers are designed with several materials and tools specifically designed to reduce the direct impact of forest and land fires by burning PM 10 and PM2.5 and lowering CO emissions. The smoke reduction capability based on the designed design has smoke and particulate reduction capacity of ±43,4769880184/ft3. The capacity of the smoke and particulate suction rate is 21500ft3/minutes with the ability of the significant smoke suction rate so that smoke and particulates due to forest fires can enter the equipment and do not fly freely under the wind. Hence, the air that is inhaled by the community has better potential and safe for health.
A novel engineered vascular construct of stem cell-laden 3D-printed PGSA scaffold enhances tissue revascularization
Authors: Jiang Wei-Cheng , Hsu Wan-Yuan , Ao-Ieong Wai-Sam , Wang Chun-Yen , Wang Jane , yet Shaw-Fang
Published: July 2021

Development of transplantable engineered tissue has been hampered by lacking vascular network within the engineered tissue. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a new technology with great potential in fabrication and customization of geometric microstructure. In this study, utilizing digital light processing system, we manufactured a recently designed novel 3D architecture scaffold with poly(glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA). Vascular construct was subsequently generated by seeding stem cells within this scaffold. PGSA provided inductive substrate in terms of supporting three-germ layer differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and also promoting ESCs-derived vascular progenitor cells (VPCs) differentiation into endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, the differentiation efficiency of VPCs into ECs on PGSA was much higher than that on collagen IV or fibronectin. The results from seeding VPCs in the rotating hexagonal PGSA scaffold suggest that this architectural framework is highly efficient for cell engraftment in 3D structures. After long-term suspension culture of the VPCs in scaffold under directed EC differentiation condition, VPC-differentiated ECs were populated in the scaffold and expressed EC markers. Transplantation of the vascular construct in mice resulted in formation of new vascular network and integration of the microvasculature within the scaffold into the existing vasculature of host tissue. Importantly, in a mouse model of wound healing, ECs from the transplanted vascular construct directly contributed to revascularization and enhanced blood perfusion at the injured site. Collectively, this transplantable vascular construct provides an innovative alternative therapeutic strategy for vascular tissue engineering.
Dimensions of the popcorn graph
Authors: Chen Haipeng , Fraser Jonathan , Yu Han
Published: July 2021

The ‘popcorn function’ is a well-known and important example in real analysis with many interesting features. We prove that the box dimension of the graph of the popcorn function is 4/3, as well as computing the Assouad dimension and Assouad spectrum. The main ingredients include Duffin-Schaeffer type estimates from Diophantine approximation and the Chung-Erdős inequality from probability theory.