bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Influencing Factors of Sustainable Supply Chain Development of Agri-Food Products Based on Cross-Border Live-Streaming E-Commerce in China
Authors: Wang Gaofeng , Zhang Zihao , Li Shuai , Shin Changhoon
Published: September 2023

The organization and coordination of cross-border e-commerce platforms in agricultural product trading are continuously increasing, and the involvement of digital platforms has driven the integration and development of cross-border agricultural product supply chains with live-streaming e-commerce, effectively facilitating the comprehensive development of producers, sellers, and professional service providers within the ecosystem. However, despite the growing importance of this integration model in the market, there are still numerous unresolved issues from a supply chain perspective, and existing research provides relatively limited guidance on the effective operation of this integrated supply chain model. To address this gap in theoretical research, this study first delves into the essence and fundamental characteristics of sustainable cross-border agricultural product supply chains in the context of live streaming. Secondly, employing grounded theory as the primary research method and combining platform theory and ecosystem theory, an influencing factor system and an impact model for the development of sustainable cross-border agricultural product supply chains in the context of live streaming are constructed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the complexity of this integrated supply chain model. Finally, from the perspectives of government agencies and practitioners, development pathways for sustainable cross-border agricultural product supply chains in the context of live-streaming e-commerce are proposed, aiming to enhance existing research and provide decision-making support for relevant stakeholders in formulating development strategies. The findings of this study contribute to expanding the research perspective on the ecosystem of live-streaming e-commerce and sustainable cross-border agricultural product supply chains, providing theoretical support for the establishment and operation of sustainable cross-border agricultural product supply chains in the context of live streaming. Additionally, it offers important references for promoting the sustainable development of live-streaming e-commerce and cross-border agricultural product supply chains, facilitating industry upgrading, global agricultural trade, and achieving mutually beneficial outcomes.
Distinctive Shape Functions of Fractional Differential Quadrature for Solving Two-Dimensional Space Fractional Diffusion Problems
Authors: Mustafa Abdelfattah , Ragb Ola , Salah Mohamed , Salama Reda S. , Mohamed Mokhtar
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to utilize a differential quadrature method with various kernels, such as Lagrange interpolation and discrete singular convolution, to tackle problems related to the Riesz fractional diffusion equation and the Riesz fractional advection–dispersion equation. The governing equation for convection and diffusion depends on both spatial and transient factors. By using the block marching technique, we transform these equations into an algebraic system using differential quadrature methods and the Caputo-type fractional operator. Next, we develop a MATLAB program that generates code capable of solving the fractional convection–diffusion equation in (1+2) dimensions for each shape function. Our goal is to ensure that our methods are reliable, accurate, efficient, and capable of convergence. To achieve this, we conduct two experiments, comparing the numerical and graphical results with both analytical and numerical solutions. Additionally, we evaluate the accuracy of our findings using the L∞ error. Our tests show that the differential quadrature method, which relies mainly on the discrete singular convolution shape function, is a highly effective numerical approach for fractional convective diffusion problems. It offers superior accuracy, faster convergence, and greater reliability than other techniques. Furthermore, we study the impact of fractional order derivatives, velocity, and positive diffusion parameters on the results.
Autoclavable Albumin-Based Cryogels with Uncompromising Properties
Authors: Duan Kairui , Mehwish Nabila , Xu Mengdie , Zhu Hu , Hu Jiajun , Lin Mian , Yu Lu , Lee Bae Hoon
Published: September 2023

The development of autoclavable hydrogels has been driven by the need for materials that can withstand the rigors of sterilization without compromising their properties or functionality. Many conventional hydrogels cannot withstand autoclave treatment owing to the breakdown of their composition or structure under the high-temperature and high-pressure environment of autoclaving. Here, the effect of autoclaving on the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of bovine serum albumin methacryloyl (BSAMA) cryogels at three protein concentrations (3, 5, and 10%) was extensively studied. We found that BSAMA cryogels at three concentrations remained little changed after autoclaving in terms of gross shape, pore structure, and protein secondary structure. Young’s modulus of autoclaved BSAMA cryogels (BSAMAA) at low concentrations (3 and 5%) was similar to that of BSAMA cryogels, whereas 10% BSAMAA exhibited a higher Young’s modulus value, compared with 10% BSAMA. Interestingly, BSAMAA cryogels prolonged degradation. Importantly, cell viability, drug release, and hemolytic behaviors were found to be similar among the pre- and post-autoclaved cryogels. Above all, autoclaving proved to be more effective in sterilizing BSAMA cryogels from bacteria contamination than UV and ethanol treatments. Thus, autoclavable BSAMA cryogels with uncompromising properties would be useful for biomedical applications.
Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Obesity, and Anti-Diabetic Activities of Opuntia ficus Cladodes Gel and Its Application as a Preservative Coating for Shrimp during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Mohamed Alaa S. , Elsebaie Essam Mohamed , Abdelrhman Wesam Mohammed , Abdulmaguid Nabila Yahia Mahmoud , Bahnasy Rasha M. , Elgendy Manal Salah Abbas , Elashry Arwa Mohamed Mohamed Mahmoud , El-Hassanin Marwa Fawzy , El-Wakeil Nora Hamdy Mouhamed , Khalil Azhar Mostafa Mohamed , Amin Hesham F.
Published: September 2023

Opuntia ficus cladodes (OFC) are considered one of the wastes that result from opuntia cultivation, and their disposal by traditional methods results in many environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted with two aims. The first was the production of OFC gel, and the evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant (by two methods, DPPH and ABTS), anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. The second was an investigation of the effects of different concentrations of this gel (0, 50, and 100%) as an edible coating on the quality of shrimp during 8 days of refrigerated storage. The results showed that this gel was characterised by a high content of ash (10.42%), total carbohydrates (75.17%), and total phenols (19.79 mg GAE/g). OFC gel contained six types of sugars: arabinose, xylose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, and uronic acid, and the most abundant was xylose (36.72%). It is also clear from the results that the OFC gel had high antioxidant properties, which were higher against DPPH than ABTS at the same concentration. OFC gel showed a high inhibition activity against lipase, α-glycosidase, and α-amylase enzymes, and their IC50 values were 1.43 mg/mL, 0.78 mg/mL, and 0.57 mg/mL, respectively. The results also stated that shrimp coated with OFC gel had lower pH, drip loss, TVB-N, and TBA values through the days of refrigerated storage. Moreover, the shrimp coated with 100% OFC gel were better than those coated with 50% OFC gel. In conclusion, OFC gel showed high potency as active antioxidant, for its enzyme anti-activities, and as an edible coating for shrimp.
Allelic Entropy and Times until Loss or Fixation of Neutral Polymorphisms
Authors: Ferretti Luca , Ribeca Paolo
Published: September 2023

In the diffusion approximation of the neutral Wright–Fisher model, the expected time until fixation or loss of a neutral allele is proportional to the initial entropy of the distribution of the allele in the population. No explanation is known for this coincidence. In this paper, we show that the rate of entropy dissipation is proportional to the number of segregating alleles. Since the final fixed state has zero entropy, the expected lifetime of segregating alleles is proportional to the initial entropy in the system. We show that classical formulae on the average time to loss of segregating alleles and the expected time to fixation of the last segregating allele stem from these properties of the diffusion process. We also extend our results to the case of population size changing in time. The dissipation of heterozygosity and entropy shows that superlinear population growth leads to infinite expected fixation times, i.e., neutral alleles in fast-growing populations could segregate forever without ever becoming fixed or disappearing by genetic drift.
Population Genetic Analysis of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis Based on cpDNA Fragments
Authors: Wang Dan , Huang Yu , Rui Lu , Du Huihui , Qi Junsheng , Ma Mingguo , Zhou Nong
Published: September 2023

Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is a well-known medicinal plant that is mainly distributed in Southwest China; however, its genetic diversity and biodiversity processes are poorly understood. In this study, the sequences of cpDNA trnL-trnF fragments of 15 wild populations and 17 cultivated populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were amplified, sequenced, and aligned to study the population genetics of this species. Genetic diversity was analyzed based on nucleotide diversity, haplotype diversity, Watterson diversity, population-level diversity, and species-level genetic diversity. Genetic structure and genetic differentiation were explored using haplotype distribution maps and genetic distance matrices. A total of 15 haplotypes were identified in the 32 populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Five unique haplotypes were identified from the fourteen haplotypes of the cultivated populations, while only one unique haplotype was identified from the ten haplotypes of the wild populations. The haplotype richness and genetic diversity of the cultivated populations were higher than those of the wild populations (HT = 0.900 vs. 0.861). In addition, there were no statistically significant correlations between geographic distance and genetic distance in the cultivated populations (r = 0.16, p > 0.05), whereas there was a significant correlation between geographical distance and genetic structure in the wild populations (r = 0.32, p > 0.05), indicating that there was a geographical and genetic connection between the wild populations. There was only 2.5% genetic variation between the wild populations and cultivated populations, indicating no obvious genetic differentiation between the wild and cultivated populations. Overall, the genetic background of the cultivated populations was complex, and it was hypothesized that the unique haplotypes and higher diversity of the cultivated populations were caused by the mixed provenance of the cultivated populations.
Influence of HIV/AIDS Infection on Immunological and Nutritional Status in Adults and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Alabdulali Fatima , Freije Afnan , Al-Mannai Mariam , Alsalman Jameela , Buabbas Fatima Ahmed , Rondanelli Mariangela , Perna Simone
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: HIV infection is a global public health problem that can lead to the progression of AIDS. Nutritional status and biochemical markers can significantly contribute to the progression of AIDS in HIV/AIDS patients. The main objective of this study is to examine the association between nutritional and biochemical markers as well as BMI in HIV/AIDS patients in the kingdom of Bahrain. Methods: A retrospective cohort study, including 300 patients (248 males and 52 females) with HIV/AIDS in Bahrain, was carried out. Various biochemical markers were collected from patients’ medical records, including CD4+ T cell count, albumin, Hb, HCT, MCV, WBCs, and creatinine. A semi-structured questionnaire using a standardized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used, from which total energy and total macronutrients were calculated. Results: The mean BMI of the participants was 27.20 kg/m2, and none of the participants had a BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m2 (underweight). The majority of patients’ dietary intake of macronutrients and total calorie intake were either within or above the recommended RDA levels. The results also showed that all of the mean values of the nutritional and biochemical markers (CD4+ T cell count, albumin, Hb, HCT, MCV, WBCs, and creatinine) were within the normal reference ranges. A significant positive correlation between CD4+ T cell count, Hb, HCT, and albumin at the <0.05 level was found. There was no significant correlation between CD4+ T cell count and MCV, WBCs, and creatinine. A positive significant correlation was found between BMI, CD4+ T cell count, and WBCs at the <0.01 level. Conclusion: The BMI values were significantly correlated with the biochemical markers of AIDS progression. The dietary patterns of the participants were undiversified, with a high prevalence of obesity and overweight. Malnutrition among this study population was not present.
Hyperuricemia as a Risk Factor in Hypertension among Patients with Very High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Muszyński Paweł , Dąbrowski Emil Julian , Pasławska Marta , Niwińska Marta , Kurasz Anna , Święczkowski Michał , Tokarewicz Justyna , Kuźma Łukasz , Kożuch Marcin , Dobrzycki Sławomir
Published: September 2023

Hypertension remains a global threat to public health, affecting the worldwide population. It is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Today’s treatments focus on creating a hypotensive effect. However, there is a constant search for additional factors to reduce the potential of developing hypertension complications. These factors may act as a parallel treatment target with a beneficial effect in specific populations. Some studies suggest that uric acid may be considered such a factor. This study investigated the potential effect of uric acid concentrations over 5 mg/dL on the incidence of hypertension complications among patients with very high cardiovascular risk. A total of 705 patients with hypertension and very high cardiovascular risk were selected and included in the analysis. The patients were divided and compared according to serum uric acid levels. The study showed a higher occurrence of heart failure (OR = 1.7898; CI: 1.2738–2.5147; p = 0.0008), atrial fibrillation (OR = 3.4452; CI: 1.5414–7.7002; p = 0.0026) and chronic kidney disease (OR = 2.4470; CI: 1.3746–4.3558; p = 0.0024) among individuals with serum uric acid levels over 5 mg/dL, males and those with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. These findings suggest that even serum uric acid concentrations over 5 mg/dL may affect the prevalence of hypertension-related complications among patients with very high cardiovascular risk.
Unveiling the Path to Resilience: Prioritizing Mental Health, Sleep, and Nutrition in the Post-COVID Era
Authors: Ramalho Susana , Martins-Mendes Daniela , Macedo José Mário , Barros Carla , Luis Carla , Sá Sara , Gestoso Álvaro , Pereira Ana Cláudia , Baylina Pilar , Fernandes Rúben
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily life, impacting relationships, work, and education. This has led to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, along with altered sleep patterns and eating behaviors. Quarantine and isolation have worsened mental health, especially in children and the elderly, due to the loss of activities and physical contact. Sleep disorders and negative dreams perpetuate poor sleep quality, increasing the risk of health issues. Sedentary lifestyles and emotional effects contribute to unhealthy eating patterns and obesity, exacerbated by disrupted routines and limited outdoor activities. Addressing these challenges requires prioritizing mental health, promoting healthy sleep habits, and addressing obesity factors. The pandemic has profoundly affected human well-being, but resilience, mental health, sleep, and nutrition can enhance overall well-being and adaptability in the post-COVID era. This comprehensive opinion aims to raise awareness of the wide-ranging impacts of this pandemic on various aspects of human well-being and to emphasize the importance of implementing strategies that prioritize mental health, improve sleep habits, address eating behaviors, and foster resilience to navigate and thrive in the face of future challenges.
Using the Equivalent Static Pressure Method to Assess Free Fall Damage of the Korla Fragrant Pear
Authors: Li Cui , Li Zhanbiao , Wang Xingyu , Li Wen , Lan Haipeng , Liu Yang , Xu Xueliang , Tang Yurong
Published: September 2023

In order to explore the equivalent static condition of the impact damage of the Korla fragrant pear under free fall, the Korla fragrant pear was chosen as the research object in this paper, and the height of free fall and rebound were recorded by a high-speed camera to obtain the impact damage energy of the fragrant pear. In addition, a mechanical compression test was conducted on the fragrant pear to obtain its static deformation energy, and the equivalent static condition of the impact damage was calculated based on the mechanical energy conservation formula using the damage volume of the fragrant pear as the evaluation standard. The test verification was carried out on the damaged fragrant pear using a scanning electron microscope test. This study showed that the falling and rebound height of the fragrant pear within the range of the test parameters and under the free fall test conditions conform to linear fitting. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9951, and the impact damage occurred when the corresponding energy reached 205.89 × 10−3 J. When the damage energy was within 203.4 × 10−3 J and 498.23 × 10−3 J, the static damage volume of the fragrant pear was linearly correlated to the impact damage volume, R2 was 0.9944, and the maximum deviation between the predicted damage volume and the actual damage volume of the fragrant pear in the verification test was 4.4%. These data can provide a reference for research on the equivalent method of impact damage of the Korla fragrant pear, and provide theoretical guidance to the fruit industry to reduce damage and increase efficiency.
Enhancement of Propagation Using Organic Materials and Growth Hormone: A Study on the Effectiveness of Growth and Rooting of Pomegranate Cuttings
Authors: Aryan Shafiqullah , Gulab Gulbuddin , Safi Zabihullah , Durani Asmatullah , Raghib Mohammad Ghani , Kakar Kifayatullah , Zahid Tayebullah , Baber Bakht Munir , Ahlawat Yogesh K. , Moussa Ihab Mohamed , Elansary Hosam O.
Published: September 2023

Pomegranate production in Afghanistan is increasing remarkably, but nursery services are lacking, leading to inconsistent growth and low rooting percentages in cuttings. Hence, this research was conducted at the greenhouse of Nangarhar University, Faculty of Agriculture, to investigate the efficacy of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and organic materials, namely banana, garlic, aloe vera, and panchagavya, as rooting promoters on cuttings of the ideal seedless pomegranate cultivar (Bedana). The cuttings were derived from one-year-old dormant branches in mid-February of 2023. The findings indicated that panchagavya and aloe vera significantly (p < 0.05) accelerated the sprouting process of pomegranate cuttings, resulting in 100% rooting, while IBA showed a delayed initiation of sprouting. In contrast, banana had a detrimental effect on the sprouting of the cuttings. IBA and organic materials, except banana and garlic, significantly influenced all the shoot parameters. Among the treatments, panchagavya (21.1%), IBA (23.4%), and aloe vera (26.8%) demonstrated the highest number of shoots per cutting compared to the control. A consistent soil plant analysis development (SPAD) pattern was observed across treatments, positively correlating with shoot and root parameters (range, r = 0.30–0.97). The application of organic materials significantly (p < 0.05) impacted root length, acrobasal roots, root diameter, total root length, and root fresh weight. However, banana and garlic yielded contrasting results in most of these parameters. In conclusion, aloe vera and panchagavya are found to be more suitable for propagating pomegranates through cuttings, making them excellent alternatives to IBA for nurserymen and companies.
Green Spaces as Healthy Places: Correlates of Urban Green Space Use in Singapore
Authors: Dillon Denise , Lee Sean T. H.
Published: September 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, when stress levels were heightened and social connections were threatened, a spike in green space visits was observed. Drawing upon the value–belief–norm (VBN) theory, which explains the influence of personal values and world view on perceived obligations to the environment and to action, relevant correlates were examined in relation to people’s psychological wellbeing in a bid to better elucidate this phenomenon. We aimed to explore the associations amongst a number of protective factors for psychological wellbeing and to examine the applicability of the VBN theory to wellbeing rather than environmental behaviour. Our research aim was to understand some of the correlates of the use of urban green spaces in Singapore during COVID-19. In total, 268 adult residents of Singapore completed an online survey measuring proximity/frequency of visits to green space, value orientations, nature connectedness, social connectedness, religious belief, spirituality and psychological wellbeing, along with sociodemographic variables such as age and gender. As predicted by the VBN theory, biospheric value orientation and spirituality were positively associated with nature connectedness. The nature connectedness association with psychological wellbeing was completely mediated by spirituality. Frequency of visits to nature was also positively associated with nature connectedness. Neither proximity to nature nor social connectedness were associated with nature connectedness. An altruistic value orientation was associated only with religious belief. Our results indicate that during uncertain times, people are drawing on either social or nature connections as coping mechanisms to fulfil psychological needs and enhance psychological wellbeing. Spirituality mediates this pathway for nature connectedness but not for social connectedness.
A Review of the Implementation of Financial Technology (Fintech) in the Indonesian Agricultural Sector: Issues, Access, and Challenges
Authors: Rufaidah Fathi , Karyani Tuti , Wulandari Eliana , Setiawan Iwan
Published: September 2023

Technological developments, especially in the financial sector, are slowly changing the financial industry through digitalization towards fintech. The application of fintech has been introduced to Indonesia in the last few years; however, the existence and development of fintech in Indonesia still needs to be studied further. This review provided a comprehensive overview of farmer technology accessibility, fintech preferences, fintech application impacts, fintech application problems, and challenges in the future. The review data are taken from the primary and secondary data related to fintech from numerous publications in Google Scholar, the interview of Indonesian farmers, and Indonesian Government data, including the Central Statistics Agency. This study confirmed that a fintech provider has been developed in Indonesia. The farmers’ accessibility to fintech was different between urban and rural areas due to the farmers’ education levels and the availability of the infrastructure. Fintech can provide practicality, ease of access, comfort, and cost-effectiveness, and can solve existing problems in Indonesian society. However, several problems arise, including infrastructure and internet access that is less supportive, as well as a lack of education, competent workers, and regulation. Agricultural fintech is a promising business in the future, despite the many challenges that need to be overcome for a stronger agricultural sector.
A Critical Review of Smart City Frameworks: New Criteria to Consider When Building Smart City Framework
Authors: Shi Fan , Shi Wenzhong
Published: September 2023

In the face of persistent challenges posed by urbanization and climate change, the contemporary era has witnessed a growing urgency for urban intelligence and sustainable development. Consequently, a plethora of smart city schedules and policies have emerged, with smart city assessment serving as a pivotal benchmark for gauging policy effectiveness. However, owing to the inherent ambiguity of the smart city definition and the complexity of application scenarios, designers and decision-makers often struggle to ascertain their desired assessment frameworks swiftly and effectively. In this context, our study undertook a comprehensive analysis and comparative assessment of 33 recently introduced or inferred evaluation frameworks, drawn from a broad spectrum of extensive and longstanding research efforts. The overarching goal was to provide valuable reference points for designers and decision-makers navigating this intricate landscape. The assessment was conducted across seven key dimensions: generalizability, comprehensiveness, availability, flexibility, scientific rigor, transparency, and interpretability. These criteria hold the potential not only to guide the development trajectory and focus of upcoming smart city assessment models but also to serve as invaluable guidelines for stakeholders evaluating the outcomes of such models. Furthermore, they can serve as robust support for designers and decision-makers in their pursuit of targeted frameworks.
Cellular Immunotherapy in Mice Prevents Maternal Hypertension and Restores Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Balance in Maternal and Fetal Tissues
Authors: Gray Gabrielle , Scroggins Douglas G. , Wilson Katlin T. , Scroggins Sabrina M.
Published: September 2023

Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal–fetal morbidity worldwide. The concept that persistent feto-placental intolerance is important in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PreE) has been demonstrated by our lab and others. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) infusion during pregnancy induces cardiovascular, renal, and T helper (TH) cell alterations in mice consistent with human PreE. In addition to their conventional immuno-stimulatory role, dendritic cells (DCs) also play a vital role in immune tolerance. In contrast to conventional DCs, regulatory DCs (DCregs) express low levels of co-stimulatory markers, produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, induce T regulatory (Treg) cells, and promote tolerance. In mice, DCregs prevent pro-inflammatory responses and induce antigen-specific tolerance. Given these known functions of DCregs, we hypothesize that DCregs will prevent the development of AVP-induced PreE in mice. C57BL/6J females were infused with AVP (24 ng/h) or saline throughout gestation via an osmotic minipump. Bone-marrow-derived DCregs were injected into AVP-infused dams at the time of the pump implantation or on gestational day (GD) 7. The blood pressure of the mice was taken throughout their pregnancy. The maternal urine proteins and TH-associated cytokines in maternal and fetal tissues were measured on GD 18. The treatment with DCregs effectively prevented the elevation of maternal blood pressure, proteinuria, and fetal growth restriction that were observed in AVP-infused dams. Furthermore, we noted a reduction in the pro-inflammatory TH-associated cytokines IFNγ and IL-17, while anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and TGFβ showed an increase following DCreg treatment. These outcomes provide strong evidence supporting the potential of DCregs as a valuable therapeutic approach in addressing PreE.
Binding of βL-Crystallin with Models of Animal and Human Eye Lens-Lipid Membrane
Authors: Hazen Preston , Trossi-Torres Geraline , Khadka Nawal K. , Timsina Raju , Mainali Laxman
Published: September 2023

Several discoveries show that with age and cataract formation, β-crystallin binds with the lens membrane or associates with other lens proteins, which bind with the fiber cell plasma membrane, accompanied by light scattering and cataract formation. However, how lipids (phospholipids and sphingolipids) and cholesterol (Chol) influence β-crystallin binding to the membrane is unclear. This research aims to elucidate the role of lipids and Chol in the binding of β-crystallin to the membrane and the membrane’s physical properties (mobility, order, and hydrophobicity) with β-crystallin binding. We used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-labeling methods to investigate the binding of βL-crystallin with a model of porcine lens-lipid (MPLL), model of mouse lens-lipid (MMLL), and model of human lens-lipid (MHLL) membrane with and without Chol. Our results show that βL-crystallin binds with all of the investigated membranes in a saturation manner, and the maximum parentage of the membrane surface occupied (MMSO) by βL-crystallin and the binding affinity (Ka) of βL-crystallin to the membranes followed trends: MMSO (MPLL) > MMSO (MMLL) > MMSO (MHLL) and Ka (MHLL) > Ka (MMLL) ≈ Ka (MPLL), respectively, in which the presence of Chol reduces the MMSO and Ka for all membranes. The mobility near the headgroup regions of the membranes decreases with an increase in the binding of βL-crystallin; however, the decrease is more pronounced in the MPLL and MMLL membranes than the MHLL membrane. In the MPLL and MMLL membranes, the membranes become slightly ordered near the headgroup with an increase in βL-crystallin binding compared to the MHLL membrane. The hydrophobicity near the headgroup region of the membrane increases with βL-crystallin binding; however, the increase is more pronounced in the MPLL and MMLL membranes than the MHLL membrane, indicating that βL-crystallin binding creates a hydrophobic barrier for the passage of polar molecules, which supports the barrier hypothesis in cataract formation. However, in the presence of Chol, there is no significant increase in hydrophobicity with βL-crystallin binding, suggesting that Chol prevents the formation of a hydrophobic barrier, possibly protecting against cataract formation.
Analysis of WAK Genes in Nine Cruciferous Species with a Focus on Brassica napus L.
Authors: Xu Zishu , Duan Yi , Liu Hui , Xu Mingchao , Zhang Zhi , Xu Ling
Published: September 2023

The wall-associated kinase family contributes to plant cell elongation and pathogen recognition. Nine Cruciferous species were studied for identification and molecular evolution of the WAK gene family. Firstly, 178 WAK genes were identified. A phylogenetic tree was constructed of the Cruciferous WAK proteins into four categories, of which the Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus genes in the U’s triangle were more closely related. The WAK gene family was unevenly distributed in B. napus chromosomal imaging, with the largest number of BnWAK genes located on chromosome C08. In the expression analysis, the expression patterns of the WAK gene family varied under different stress treatments, and some members of BnWAKs were significantly different under stress treatments. This study lays a foundation for further revealing the functional mechanisms of the WAK gene family in Brassica napus.
ALK, ROS1, RET and NTRK1–3 Gene Fusions in Colorectal and Non-Colorectal Microsatellite-Unstable Cancers
Authors: Mulkidjan Rimma S. , Saitova Evgeniya S. , Preobrazhenskaya Elena V. , Asadulaeva Karimat A. , Bubnov Mikhail G. , Otradnova Ekaterina A. , Terina Darya M. , Shulga Sofia S. , Martynenko Darya E. , Semina Maria V. , Belogubova Evgeniya V. , Tiurin Vladislav I. , Amankwah Priscilla S. , Martianov Aleksandr S. , Imyanitov Evgeny N.
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of actionable gene rearrangements in tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI). The detection of translocations involved tests for 5′/3′-end expression imbalance, variant-specific PCR and RNA-based next generation sequencing (NGS). Gene fusions were detected in 58/471 (12.3%) colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), 4/69 (5.8%) gastric cancers (GCs) and 3/65 (4.6%) endometrial cancers (ECs) (ALK: 8; RET: 12; NTRK1: 24; NTRK2: 2; NTRK3: 19), while none of these alterations were observed in five cervical carcinomas (CCs), four pancreatic cancers (PanCs), three cholangiocarcinomas (ChCs) and two ovarian cancers (OCs). The highest frequency of gene rearrangements was seen in KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild-type colorectal carcinomas (53/204 (26%)). Surprisingly, as many as 5/267 (1.9%) KRAS/NRAS/BRAF-mutated CRCs also carried tyrosine kinase fusions. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis of the fraction of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutated gene copies in kinase-rearranged tumors indicated that there was simultaneous co-occurrence of two activating events in cancer cells, but not genetic mosaicism. CRC patients aged above 50 years had a strikingly higher frequency of translocations as compared to younger subjects (56/365 (15.3%) vs. 2/106 (1.9%), p = 0.002), and this difference was particularly pronounced for tumors with normal KRAS/NRAS/BRAF status (52/150 (34.7%) vs. 1/54 (1.9%), p = 0.001). There were no instances of MSI in 56 non-colorectal tumors carrying ALK, ROS1, RET or NTRK1 rearrangements. An analysis of tyrosine kinase gene translocations is particularly feasible in KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild-type microsatellite-unstable CRCs, although other categories of tumors with MSI also demonstrate moderate occurrence of these events.
Can Nitric Oxide-Based Therapy Be Improved for the Treatment of Cancers? A Perspective
Authors: Sinha Birandra K.
Published: September 2023

Since the early observations that nitric oxide (•NO) at high concentrations is cytotoxic to cancer cells and that it may play an important role in the treatment of human cancers, a significant number of compounds (NO-donors) have been prepared to deliver •NO to tumors. •NO also sensitizes various clinically active anticancer drugs and has been shown to induce the reversal of multi-drug resistance in tumor cells expressing ATP-binding cassette-transporter proteins. For the successful treatment of cancers, •NO needs to be delivered precisely to tumors, and its adverse toxicity must be limited. Like other chemotherapeutics, the precise delivery of drugs has been a problem and various attempts have been made, such as the encapsulation of drugs in lipid polymers, to overcome this. This prospective study examines the use of various strategies for delivering •NO (using NO-donors) for the treatment of cancers. Finding and utilizing such a delivery system is an important step in delivering cytotoxic concentrations of •NO to tumors without adverse reactions, leading to a successful clinical outcome for patient management.
The Dipeptide Gly-Pro (GP), Derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa, Exhibits Potent Antifibrotic Effects by Regulating the TGF-β1-ATF4-Serine/Glycine Biosynthesis Pathway
Authors: Kim HaiVin , Jang YoungSu , Ryu JaeSang , Seo DaHye , Lee Sak , Choi SungSoo , Kim DongHyun , Moh SangHyun , Shin JungU
Published: September 2023

TGF-β1, a key fibrotic cytokine, enhances both the expression and translocation of the activating transcriptional factor 4 (ATF4) and activates the serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway, which is crucial for augmenting collagen production. Targeting the TGF-β1-ATF4-serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway might offer a promising therapeutic approach for fibrotic diseases. In this study, we aimed to identify a proline-containing dipeptide in Hibiscus sabdariffa plant cells that modulates collagen synthesis. We induced Hibiscus sabdariffa plant cells and screened for a proline-containing dipeptide that can suppress TGF-β1-induced collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. Analyses were conducted using LC-MS/MS, RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. We identified Gly-Pro (GP) from the extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa plant cells as a dipeptide capable of suppressing TGF-β1-induced collagen production. GP inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and reduced the expression of ATF4, which is upregulated by TGF-β1. Notably, GP also decreased the expression of enzymes involved in the serine/glycine biosynthesis and glucose metabolism pathways, such as PHGDH, PSAT1, PSPH, SHMT2, and SLC2A1. Our findings indicate that the peptide GP, derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa plant cells, exhibits potent anti-fibrotic effects, potentially through its regulation of the TGF-β1-ATF4-serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway.
Bioinformatics Analysis of MSH1 Genes of Green Plants: Multiple Parallel Length Expansions, Intron Gains and Losses, Partial Gene Duplications, and Alternative Splicing
Authors: Bai Ming-Zhu , Guo Yan-Yan
Published: September 2023

MutS homolog 1 (MSH1) is involved in the recombining and repairing of organelle genomes and is essential for maintaining their stability. Previous studies indicated that the length of the gene varied greatly among species and detected species-specific partial gene duplications in Physcomitrella patens. However, there are critical gaps in the understanding of the gene size expansion, and the extent of the partial gene duplication of MSH1 remains unclear. Here, we screened MSH1 genes in 85 selected species with genome sequences representing the main clades of green plants (Viridiplantae). We identified the MSH1 gene in all lineages of green plants, except for nine incomplete species, for bioinformatics analysis. The gene is a singleton gene in most of the selected species with conserved amino acids and protein domains. Gene length varies greatly among the species, ranging from 3234 bp in Ostreococcus tauri to 805,861 bp in Cycas panzhihuaensis. The expansion of MSH1 repeatedly occurred in multiple clades, especially in Gymnosperms, Orchidaceae, and Chloranthus spicatus. MSH1 has exceptionally long introns in certain species due to the gene length expansion, and the longest intron even reaches 101,025 bp. And the gene length is positively correlated with the proportion of the transposable elements (TEs) in the introns. In addition, gene structure analysis indicated that the MSH1 of green plants had undergone parallel intron gains and losses in all major lineages. However, the intron number of seed plants (gymnosperm and angiosperm) is relatively stable. All the selected gymnosperms contain 22 introns except for Gnetum montanum and Welwitschia mirabilis, while all the selected angiosperm species preserve 21 introns except for the ANA grade. Notably, the coding region of MSH1 in algae presents an exceptionally high GC content (47.7% to 75.5%). Moreover, over one-third of the selected species contain species-specific partial gene duplications of MSH1, except for the conserved mosses-specific partial gene duplication. Additionally, we found conserved alternatively spliced MSH1 transcripts in five species. The study of MSH1 sheds light on the evolution of the long genes of green plants.
Three Decades of REDOR in Protein Science: A Solid-State NMR Technique for Distance Measurement and Spectral Editing
Authors: Toke Orsolya
Published: September 2023

Solid-state NMR (ss-NMR) is a powerful tool to investigate noncrystallizable, poorly soluble molecular systems, such as membrane proteins, amyloids, and cell walls, in environments that closely resemble their physical sites of action. Rotational-echo double resonance (REDOR) is an ss-NMR methodology, which by reintroducing heteronuclear dipolar coupling under magic angle spinning conditions provides intramolecular and intermolecular distance restraints at the atomic level. In addition, REDOR can be exploited as a selection tool to filter spectra based on dipolar couplings. Used extensively as a spectroscopic ruler between isolated spins in site-specifically labeled systems and more recently as a building block in multidimensional ss-NMR pulse sequences allowing the simultaneous measurement of multiple distances, REDOR yields atomic-scale information on the structure and interaction of proteins. By extending REDOR to the determination of 1H–X dipolar couplings in recent years, the limit of measurable distances has reached ~15–20 Å, making it an attractive method of choice for the study of complex biomolecular assemblies. Following a methodological introduction including the most recent implementations, examples are discussed to illustrate the versatility of REDOR in the study of biological systems.
The Impact of Biomaterial Surface Properties on Engineering Neural Tissue for Spinal Cord Regeneration
Authors: da Silva Victor A. , Bobotis Bianca C. , Correia Felipe F. , Lima-Vasconcellos Théo H. , Chiarantin Gabrielly M. D. , De La Vega Laura , Lombello Christiane B. , Willerth Stephanie M. , Malmonge Sônia M. , Paschon Vera , Kihara Alexandre H.
Published: September 2023

Tissue engineering for spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a complex and challenging task. Biomaterial scaffolds have been suggested as a potential solution for supporting cell survival and differentiation at the injury site. However, different biomaterials display multiple properties that significantly impact neural tissue at a cellular level. Here, we evaluated the behavior of different cell lines seeded on chitosan (CHI), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds. We demonstrated that the surface properties of a material play a crucial role in cell morphology and differentiation. While the direct contact of a polymer with the cells did not cause cytotoxicity or inhibit the spread of neural progenitor cells derived from neurospheres (NPCdn), neonatal rat spinal cord cells (SCC) and NPCdn only attached and matured on PCL and PLLA surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy and computational analysis suggested that cells attached to the material’s surface emerged into distinct morphological populations. Flow cytometry revealed a higher differentiation of neural progenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-NPC) into glial cells on all biomaterials. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that PCL and PLLA guided neuronal differentiation and network development in SCC. Our data emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate biomaterials for tissue engineering in SCI treatment.
Oligomeric State of β-Coronavirus Non-Structural Protein 10 Stimulators Studied by Small Angle X-ray Scattering
Authors: Knecht Wolfgang , Fisher S. Zoë , Lou Jiaqi , Sele Céleste , Ma Shumeng , Rasmussen Anna Andersson , Pinotsis Nikos , Kozielski Frank
Published: September 2023

The β-coronavirus family, encompassing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS), has triggered pandemics within the last two decades. With the possibility of future pandemics, studying the coronavirus family members is necessary to improve knowledge and treatment. These viruses possess 16 non-structural proteins, many of which play crucial roles in viral replication and in other vital functions. One such vital protein is non-structural protein 10 (nsp10), acting as a pivotal stimulator of nsp14 and nsp16, thereby influencing RNA proofreading and viral RNA cap formation. Studying nsp10 of pathogenic coronaviruses is central to unraveling its multifunctional roles. Our study involves the biochemical and biophysical characterisation of full-length nsp10 from MERS, SARS and SARS-CoV-2. To elucidate their oligomeric state, we employed a combination of Multi-detection Size exclusion chromatography (Multi-detection SEC) with multi-angle static light scattering (MALS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. Our findings reveal that full-length nsp10s primarily exist as monomers in solution, while truncated versions tend to oligomerise. SAXS experiments reveal a globular shape for nsp10, a trait conserved in all three coronaviruses, although MERS nsp10, diverges most from SARS and SARS-CoV-2 nsp10s. In summary, unbound nsp10 proteins from SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a globular and predominantly monomeric state in solution.
Chromosomal Rearrangements and Satellite DNAs: Extensive Chromosome Reshuffling and the Evolution of Neo-Sex Chromosomes in the Genus Pyrrhulina (Teleostei; Characiformes)
Authors: de Moraes Renata Luiza Rosa , de Menezes Cavalcante Sassi Francisco , Vidal Jhon Alex Dziechciarz , Goes Caio Augusto Gomes , dos Santos Rodrigo Zeni , Stornioli José Henrique Forte , Porto-Foresti Fábio , Liehr Thomas , Utsunomia Ricardo , de Bello Cioffi Marcelo
Published: September 2023

Chromosomal rearrangements play a significant role in the evolution of fish genomes, being important forces in the rise of multiple sex chromosomes and in speciation events. Repetitive DNAs constitute a major component of the genome and are frequently found in heterochromatic regions, where satellite DNA sequences (satDNAs) usually represent their main components. In this work, we investigated the association of satDNAs with chromosome-shuffling events, as well as their potential relevance in both sex and karyotype evolution, using the well-known Pyrrhulina fish model. Pyrrhulina species have a conserved karyotype dominated by acrocentric chromosomes present in all examined species up to date. However, two species, namely P. marilynae and P. semifasciata, stand out for exhibiting unique traits that distinguish them from others in this group. The first shows a reduced diploid number (with 2n = 32), while the latter has a well-differentiated multiple X1X2Y sex chromosome system. In addition to isolating and characterizing the full collection of satDNAs (satellitomes) of both species, we also in situ mapped these sequences in the chromosomes of both species. Moreover, the satDNAs that displayed signals on the sex chromosomes of P. semifasciata were also mapped in some phylogenetically related species to estimate their potential accumulation on proto-sex chromosomes. Thus, a large collection of satDNAs for both species, with several classes being shared between them, was characterized for the first time. In addition, the possible involvement of these satellites in the karyotype evolution of P. marilynae and P. semifasciata, especially sex-chromosome formation and karyotype reduction in P. marilynae, could be shown.
In Vitro Embryogenesis and Gastrulation Using Stem Cells in Mice and Humans
Authors: Oh Seung Yeon , Na Seung Bin , Kang Yoo Kyung , Do Jeong Tae
Published: September 2023

During early mammalian embryonic development, fertilized one-cell embryos develop into pre-implantation blastocysts and subsequently establish three germ layers through gastrulation during post-implantation development. In recent years, stem cells have emerged as a powerful tool to study embryogenesis and gastrulation without the need for eggs, allowing for the generation of embryo-like structures known as synthetic embryos or embryoids. These in vitro models closely resemble early embryos in terms of morphology and gene expression and provide a faithful recapitulation of early pre- and post-implantation embryonic development. Synthetic embryos can be generated through a combinatorial culture of three blastocyst-derived stem cell types, such as embryonic stem cells, trophoblast stem cells, and extraembryonic endoderm cells, or totipotent-like stem cells alone. This review provides an overview of the progress and various approaches in studying in vitro embryogenesis and gastrulation in mice and humans using stem cells. Furthermore, recent findings and breakthroughs in synthetic embryos and gastruloids are outlined. Despite ethical considerations, synthetic embryo models hold promise for understanding mammalian (including humans) embryonic development and have potential implications for regenerative medicine and developmental research.