bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMALIZACIJA POSLOVANJA U POŠTAMA RS SA ASPEKTA LJUDSKIH RESURSA
Authors: Vrhovac Dražen , Šabić Igor
Published: May 2019

Ljudski resursi čine značajnu flinkciju strategijskog menadžmenta u modernojkompaniji. Smatra se da je ključ za uspješno poslovanje firme top menadžment sasvojim iskustvom, stilom vođenja, sposobnošću za donošenje odluka i sastavljanjetima i razumjevanjem poslovanja. Firma može imati brojne top menadžere i članoveborda, ali ako nema kvalitetnu radnu snagu, čak i najmanje zahtjevna strategija nemože biti primjenjena efektivno. Ljudski resursi svake firme su jedinstveni. Ovajedinstvenost ne proizilazi samo iz činjenice da su zaposleni u svakoj organizacijirazličito postavljeni, već i iz specifične sinergije koja je rezultat kombinacije sadrugim resursima. Svaka firma bi trebalo da ima isplaniran program ljudskih resursa,koji sadrži procjenu potrebnog personala i zahtevane kvalifikacije i to za nekolikosledećih godina, a sve bazirano na strateškom planu. Efekti poslovanja zavise odulaganja u obuku i razvojne programe. Firme koje ignorišu obuku osoblja stagniraju urazvoju.
NEZAKONITO IZBJEGAVANJE PLAĆANJA POREZA
Authors: Ubiparipović Suzana , Despotović Danijela
Published: May 2019

Radi zadovoljenja opštih potreba poreskih obveznika od strane države, potrebnoje građani uredno izvršavaju svoje obaveze u pogledu plaćanja poreza, doprinosa idrugih davanja. Ukoliko se koriste nezakoniti načini izbjegavanja ovih obaveza,država takva ponašanja inkriminiše kao prekršaj ili krivična djela. U prvom dijelurada analiziraćemo oblike ispoljavanja izbjegavanja plaćanja poreza, utaju poreza ikrijumčarenje u pravu Bosne i Hercegovine, ukazujući na kritički osvrt datih rješenja,dok u drugom dijelu rada analiziramo izbjegavanja plaćanja poreza u uporednimzakonodavstvima, Republici Srbiji i Republici Hrvatskoj, ukazujući na sličnosti irazlike između ovih zakonodavstva.
POČECI NOVINARSTVA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI OD 1850. DO 1892, SA POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA KATOLIČKE LISTOVE BOSANSKI PRIJATELJ I SRCE ISUSOVO
Authors: Grgić Slavo , Banja Đani
Published: May 2019

Počeci novinarstva u današnjoj Bosni i Hercegovini sežu u 1850 godinu, a uSarajevu je počela sa radom prva tiskara 1866 godine, tako da su prve novine tiskaneu Hrvatskoj. Prve novine u BiH su otvorile potpuno nove načine komuniciranja. No,bitno je i to što je ovo postao i novi način sakupljanja informacija na jednomjesto.Ogroman doprinos prvih novina je svakako i taj što one mogu stići do vrloudaljenih sela i naselja gdje god službuju svećenici. Isto tako se novi načinkomuniciranja i informiranja ogleda i u tome što su sada svećenici na svojim župamamogli čitati novine, nove informacije i nove sadržaje, ali su mogli te novine datisvojim vjernicima (onima koji su bili pismeni) na čitanje te tako širiti informacije ipoboljšavati komunikaciju u udaljenim krajevima kamo do sada, najvjerojatnije, nisustizale nikakve novine. Kada se pogleda unatrag, od godine 1882., preko godine1866., brzo dolazimo do godine 1850., koja u mnogočemu mijenja sliku ondašnjeBiH. No, ako se ide još nekoliko godina unatrag, do izlaska Danice ilirske 1836., pasve do Kraljskog Dalmatina 1806. godine (kada je vrlo moguće da su mnoge od ovadva broja stigla ma područje ondašnje BiH), stvara nam se jasan slijed događaja kojije promijenio dostupnost informacija na ovim prostorima, ali i uvelike poboljšaokomunikaciju. Može li se to usporediti s novim načinima komuniciranja u današnjemmodernom svijetu ili sa izumom Gutembergovog tiskarskog stroja? Svakako da jeusporedba moguća, ali se ne dolazi do sličnih rezultata. No, napredak je svakako biovelik i doprinos ondašnjoj BiH je bio nemjerljiv.Nakon Bosanskog prijatelj iotvaranja tiskare u Sarajevu otvorio se novi način obrazovanja i prosvjećivanjanaroda. Svi časopisi i novine od 1850. do 1892. godine su dali nemjerljiv doprinos iudarili temelje današnjeg modernog novinarstva u Bosni i Hercegovini.
ХЕМАТОЛОШКИ СТАТУС МАЧАКА СА ХРОНИЧНОМ БУБРЕЖНОМ ИНСУФИЦИЈЕНЦИЈОМ: ЕФЕКАТ ДИЈЕТЕТСКЕ ИСХРАНЕ
Authors: ПАРАШ Смиљана , ПАРАШ Горан , ЛУКАЧ Бојан , ЧЕГАР Игор
Published: May 2019

Хронична бубрежна инсуфицијенција представља смањену функцијубубрега и самим тим и промену хематолошких параметра код мачака. У нашем радуанализирани су хематолошки параметри, ток болести и дужина животног века мачакаоболелих од хроничне бубрежне инсуфицијенције. Циљ рада био је упоређивањехематолошких параметара: мачака оболелих од CRF-а које су храњене дијететском храном замачке са овим обољењем; мачака оболелих од CRF-а и нису храњене дијететском храном замачке са овим обољењем; и мачака које су биле потпуно здраве. Затим је одређиван значајкоришћења дијететске хране за мачке са CRF-ом и ефикасност њене примене.Истраживање је обухватило укупно 60 мачака, подељених у три групе. Параметри крвимачака који су коришћени у нашој студији били су: еритроцити, тромбоцити, укупан бројлеукоцита, диференцијални однос леукоцита, концентрација хемоглобина, вредностхематокрита, МCV, МCH, МCHC, креатинин и уреа. Студија је трајала три године уВетеринарској амбуланти за кућне љубимце "МIMCOOP" Бања Лука.Подаци студије су статистички анализирани помоћу Т-теста (р<0,05) и теста коефицијентакорелације Pearson. Резултати наше студије показују да средње вредности хематолошкихпараметара у групи мачака које нису користиле дијететску храну за мачке оболеле од CRF-асе статистички разликују у односу на друге две групе мачака: група која је користиладијететску храну за мачке оболеле од CRF-а и контролне групе мачака. Такође, квалитетживота бољи је и дужина животног века већа је код мачака које су користиле дијететску хрануу односу на оне које нису. Дијететска храна мање оптерећује бубреге мачке оболеле од CRF-ом.
ИСПИТИВАЊЕ МИКРОБИОЛОШКЕ ЧИСТОЋЕ У ПРОИЗВОДЊИ И ПРОМЕТУ ХРАНЕ
Authors: ГОЛИЋ Бојан , ИЛИЋ Тања , КАЛАБА Весна , ГОЛИЋ Милијана , ДЕЛИЋ Слободанка
Published: May 2019

Правилником о критеријумима микробиолошке чистоће прописују секритеријуми микробиолошке чистоће и учесталост контроле опреме, уређаја, прибора,радних површина, радне одјеће и руку радника у производњи и промету у објектима исредствима превоза која долазе у контакт с храном, у којима постоји ризик од појаве и ширењазаразне болести. Просторије у којима се послује храном, превозна средства, предмети, прибори опрема који долазе у контакт с храном морају се редовно чистити и дезинфиковати како бисе избјегла свака опасност од контаминације, а храна и особље морају бити под редовнимнадзором. Особље које рукује храном мора одржавати висок степен личне хигијене и битиобучено у погледу захтјева у вези хигијене хране.Циљ испитивања је био да се утврди стање микробиолошке чистоће у производњи и прометухране у објектима и средствима превоза која долазе у контакт с храном.Као материјал за испитивање кориштени су узорци брисева опреме, уређаја, прибора, раднихповршина, радне одјеће и руку радника поријеклом из објеката за производњу и промет хране,ресторана и других угоститељских објеката у којима се служи храна, објеката у областиваспитања, образовања и социјалне заштите (објекти за смјештај лица) и средстава превозакоја долазе у контакт с храном. Испитана су 3393 узорка достављена у оквиру самоконтролеи службене контроле током 2017. године. За микробиолошко испитивање узорака брисевакориштене су стандардне BAS ISO методе.Проценат узорака брисева који није задовољавао одредбе Правилника о критеријумимамикробиолошке чистоће у 2017. години износио је 5,20%. У односу на укупан број испитанихузорака, 4,70% узорака незадовољавајуће је због повећаног броја микроорганизама, а 1,40%због повећаног броја ентеробактерија. Патогени микроорганизми Salmonella spp. и Listeriamonocytogenes нису доказани ни у једном узорку бриса. Највећи проценат незадовољавајућихузорака био је у категорији „руке особа у додиру са храном“ и износи 7,30%.
ИДИОПАТСКА ТРОМБОЦИТОПЕНИЈА КОД ПСА – ПРИКАЗ СЛУЧАЈА
Authors: ПАРАШ Горан , ПАРАШ Смиљана , ЛУКАЧ Бојан , ЧЕГАР Игор , ВИТКОВИЋ Огњен
Published: May 2019

Тромбоцитопенија представља значајно смањење броја тромбоцита уциркулацији сисара. Узроци настанка тромбоцитопеније код паса и мачака су: разниинфективни агенси, вируси, бактерије, паразити, разна патолошка стања јетре, слезине,коштане сржи или аутоимуне болести. Понекад је проузрокује више различитих фактора илисе прави узрок не може открити па њен настанак називамо идиопатским. У нашој праксиприликом хематолошке анализе крви, сусрећемо се са смањеним бројем тромбоцита у крвипаса и мачака и тада смо пред великим изазовом дијагностике и лијечења могуће идиопатскетромбоцитопеније.У нашем случају имамо пса расе патуљаста пудла, чији проблеми су почели са 2,5 годинестарости. Пас је имао следеће симтоме: инапетенцу, сомноленцу, температуру од 38,80С,блиједих слузница усне дупље са петехијама и промјенама у понашању. Након урађене првехематолошке анализе крви резултати параметара су указивали на тромбоцитопенију овог пса.Дијагноза обољења је поткрепљена симптомима и диференцијалном дијагнозом, тако да смопочели са честим праћењем хематолошких параметара.Укључили смо адекватну терапију са првим симптомима обољења у нашем случајуидиопатске тромбоцитопеније младог пса. Терапија је постигла очекивања, хематолошкипараметри су се поправили, вратио се квалитет живота и пас данас има осам година. Лијечењеидиопатске тромбоцитопеније је изазов за сваког ветеринара мале праксе и из тог разлога уовом раду дијелимо своја искуства са колегама.
DISTRIBUCIJA KRVNIH SUDOVA JETRE TEKUNICE (SPERMOPHILUS CITELLUS)
Authors: BLAGOJEVIĆ Miloš , NEŠIĆ Ivana , ĐORĐEVIĆ Milena , NEDIĆ Drago , ZDRAVKOVIĆ Marija , TOŠKOVIĆ Borislav , NIKOLIĆ Zora
Published: May 2019

Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita distribucija arterije i portalne vene portalnogsistema jetre tekunice (Spermophilus citellus) i dobijeni podaci uporede sa onima kod pacova,kunića, zamorčeta i nutrije. Jetra tekunice prima kiseonik i hranljive materije preko krvi iz dva velikakrvna suda: portalne vene (v. portae) i jetrene arterije (a. hepatica propria). Portalna vena nastajeiz sliva tri glavne vene: v. gastropancreaticoduodenalis, v. gastrolienalis i v. mesenterica cranialis.Portalna vena skuplja vensku krv iz želuca, pankreasa, slezine, svih creva osim pravog creva(rectum). Portalna vena ulazi u portalni žleb na jetri zajedno sa jetrenom arterijom. Pet venskih granarazličitih veličina odvajaju se od portalne vene i granaju se u odgovarajuće režnjeve jetre. Krv izjetre odvode jetrene vene koje počinju sa centralnim venama u jetri. Tri velike jetrene vene i dvavenska stabla odvode krv iz svih režnjeva jetre u kaudalnu šuplju venu u toku njenog prolaska krozjetru. A. hepatica propria snabdeva jetru i žučnu kesu oksigenisanom krvlju. A. hepatica propriaizlazi iz jetrene arterije (a. hepatica), koja je treća grana celijačne arterije. U portalnom žlebu, a.hepatica propria se deli u dve grane, od kojih leva grana dovodi arterijsku krv u levi režanj jetre, adesna grana u ostale režnjeve jetre.
ИНТЕСТИНАЛНЕ НЕМАТОДЕ КОД ПАСА И МАЧАКА У БАЊАЛУЦИ, РЕПУБЛИКА СРПСКА
Authors: СТЕВАНОВИЋ Оливер , ТОДОРОВИЋ Маринко , TОМИЋ Обрен , РЕНДИЋ Кристина , БОЖИЋ Љиљана , ШМИТРАН Александра , НЕДИЋ Драго
Published: May 2019

Поједине интестиналне нематоде паса и мачака показују зоонознипотенцијал, па самим тим имају јавно-здраствени значај. На територији града Бања Луке јепрегледано 149 узорака (131 од паса и 18 од мачака), с тим да је 40 узорака фецеса пасасакупљено са двије јавне површине у граду. Паразитолошким прегледом (флотација сазасићеним раствором цинк сулфата и детерминација адулта и ларви паразита у фецесу)добијени су следећи резултати: Тоxocara canis (9,16%), Ancylostomatidae (5,34%), Trichurisvulpis (7,63%), Toxascaris leonina (1,52%), Toxocara cati (33,3%), Trichuris spp. (5,5%) иHydatigera taeniformis (5,5%). На основу добијених резултата можемо закључити да суинтестиналне нематоде у далеко већем степену раширене него што се претпостављало и дазбог тога представљају здраствени проблем код паса и мачака на територији Бања Луке.
IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN DOGS - CASE REPORT
Authors: PARAŠ Goran , PARAŠ Smiljana , LUKAČ Bojan , ČEGAR Igor , VITKOVIĆ Ognjen
Published: May 2019

Thrombocytopenia represents a significant reduction in number of blood platelets in thecirculation of mammals. The causes of thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats are: various infectiousfactors, viruses, bacterias, parasites, various pathological conditions of the liver, spleen, bonemarrow or autoimmune diseases. Sometimes, thrombocytopenia causes many different factors orthe real cause can not be detected, and its origin is called idiopathic. In our practice, in the course ofhaematological analysis of blood, we encounter a reduced number of platelets in the blood of dogsand cats. Then we are facing the great challenge of diagnosing and treating possible idiopathicthrombocytopenia in animals.In our case, we have a Miniature poodle whose problems began at the age of 2.5. The dog had thefollowing symptoms: inapetency, somnolence, temperature of 38.80C, pale oral mucosa withpetechiae and behavioral changes. After the first hematological blood tests were performed, theresults of the parameters indicated thrombocytopenia in this dog. Diagnosis of the disease issupported by symptoms and differential diagnosis, so we started with frequent monitoring ofhaematological parameters.We included adequate therapy with the first symptoms of the disease in our case of idiopathicthrombocytopenia in a young dog. The therapy was successful, hematological parameters and thequality of life improved, and the dog is now eight years old. The treatment of idiopathicthrombocytopenia is a challenge for every small animal veterinarian and for this reason in this paperwe share our experiences with colleagues.
ROLE AND DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION OF VETERINARY LABORATORIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA RELATED TO THE ACCREDITATION SYSTEM
Authors: GOLIĆ Bojan , Nedić Drago , DOJČINOVIĆ Slobodan
Published: May 2019

Veterinary laboratories include laboratories dealing with veterinary diagnostics and foodsafety studies. These are laboratories that carry out diagnostic tests in veterinary medicine, regardingto bacteriological, serological, virological, parasitological, chemical, biochemical, physical,pathological and radiological tests. These laboratories are also engaged in testing food, feed anddrinking water, as well as tests in order to assess the microbiological purity of equipment, devices,appliances, working surfaces, work clothes and workers' hands in production and marketing infacilities and means of transport that come in contact with food, in which there is a risk of theoccurrence and spread of an infectious disease.The aim of the study is to determine the role and directions of the development of veterinarylaboratories in B&H in relation to the accreditation system. In this way, we are getting an insightinto the condition and significance of veterinary laboratories in food and animal health control inorder to protect the health of animals and humans.In Bosnia and Herzegovina, eight veterinary laboratories are accredited, three in Republic of Srpskaand five in Federation of B&H. All eight (100%) accredited test methods in the field of food testing,while six (75%) accredited test methods in the field of veterinary diagnostics.The participation of accredited veterinary laboratories in the total number of accredited laboratoriesfor food in the Republic of Srpska is 37.50%, in the Federation B&H it is 23.80%, while at the levelof B&H it is 27.60%. Accredited veterinary laboratories in B&H have accredited tests in 10 technicalsub-areas of food testing, and in seven sub-areas their participation in the total number of accreditedlaboratories for food in B&H amounts to 50% or more. The participation of accredited veterinarylaboratories in the microbiological examination of feed and surface swabs is 80%. Physico-chemicaltesting of feed, testing of residues and contaminants in food and testing of radionuclide activity infood and feeds in B&H are performed exclusively by accredited veterinary laboratories (100%).Accredited veterinary laboratories in B&H have accredited a total of 41 different test methods inseven technical sub-areas in the field of veterinary diagnostics. 30 different test methods wereaccredited in the RS (73.20%), while 31 test methods (75.60%) were accredited in the Federation ofB&H. In accredited veterinary laboratories in B&H, test methods for the diagnosis of the causitiveagents of 25 different animal diseases were accredited, of which 19 in the Republic of Srpska(63,30%), and 20 in the Federation of B&H (66,70%). The technical sub-area of serological testingwas accredited by all accredited veterinary laboratories, and the participation of serological testingmethods in the total number of accredited test methods in the field of veterinary diagnostics in theRepublic of Srpska is 53.30%, in the Federation of B&H 64.50%, and in B&H 53.70%.
The Hox transcription factor Ubx stabilizes lineage commitment by suppressing cellular plasticity in Drosophila
Authors: Domsch Katrin , Carnesecchi Julie , Disela Vanessa , Friedrich Jana , Trost Nils , Ermakova Olga , Polychronidou Maria , Lohmann Ingrid
Published: May 2019

During development cells become restricted in their differentiation potential by repressing alternative cell fates, and the Polycomb complex plays a crucial role in this process. However, how alternative fate genes are lineage-specifically silenced is unclear. We studied Ultrabithorax (Ubx), a multi-lineage transcription factor of the Hox class, in two tissue lineages using sorted nuclei and interfered with Ubx in mesodermal cells. We find that depletion of Ubx leads to the de-repression of genes normally expressed in other lineages. Ubx silences expression of alternative fate genes by retaining the Polycomb Group protein Pleiohomeotic at Ubx targeted genomic regions, thereby stabilizing repressive chromatin marks in a lineage-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates that Ubx stabilizes lineage choice by suppressing the multipotency encoded in the genome via its interaction with Pho. This mechanism may explain why the Hox code is maintained throughout the lifecycle, since it could set a block to transdifferentiation in adult cells.
Intrinsically aggregation-prone proteins form amyloid-like aggregates and contribute to tissue aging in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Huang Chaolie , Wagner-Valladolid Sara , Stephens Amberley D , Jung Raimund , Poudel Chetan , Sinnige Tessa , Lechler Marie C , Schlörit Nicole , Lu Meng , Laine Romain F , Michel Claire H , Vendruscolo Michele , Kaminski Clemens F , Kaminski Schierle Gabriele S , David Della C
Published: May 2019

Reduced protein homeostasis leading to increased protein instability is a common molecular feature of aging, but it remains unclear whether this is a cause or consequence of the aging process. In neurodegenerative diseases and other amyloidoses, specific proteins self-assemble into amyloid fibrils and accumulate as pathological aggregates in different tissues. More recently, widespread protein aggregation has been described during normal aging. Until now, an extensive characterization of the nature of age-dependent protein aggregation has been lacking. Here, we show that age-dependent aggregates are rapidly formed by newly synthesized proteins and have an amyloid-like structure resembling that of protein aggregates observed in disease. We then demonstrate that age-dependent protein aggregation accelerates the functional decline of different tissues in C. elegans. Together, these findings imply that amyloid-like aggregates contribute to the aging process and therefore could be important targets for strategies designed to maintain physiological functions in the late stages of life.
PAX8 regulon in human ovarian cancer links lineage dependency with epigenetic vulnerability to HDAC inhibitors
Authors: Shi Kaixuan , Yin Xia , Cai Mei-Chun , Yan Ying , Jia Chenqiang , Ma Pengfei , Zhang Shengzhe , Zhang Zhenfeng , Gu Zhenyu , Zhang Meiying , Di Wen , Zhuang Guanglei
Published: May 2019

PAX8 is a prototype lineage-survival oncogene in epithelial ovarian cancer. However, neither its underlying pro-tumorigenic mechanisms nor potential therapeutic implications have been adequately elucidated. Here, we identified an ovarian lineage-specific PAX8 regulon using modified cancer outlier profile analysis, in which PAX8-FGF18 axis was responsible for promoting cell migration in an autocrine fashion. An image-based drug screen pinpointed that PAX8 expression was potently inhibited by small-molecules against histone deacetylases (HDACs). Mechanistically, HDAC blockade altered histone H3K27 acetylation occupancies and perturbed the super-enhancer topology associated with PAX8 gene locus, resulting in epigenetic downregulation of PAX8 transcripts and related targets. HDAC antagonists efficaciously suppressed ovarian tumor growth and spreading as single agents, and exerted synergistic effects in combination with standard chemotherapy. These findings provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights for PAX8-addicted ovarian cancer. More generally, our analytic and experimental approach represents an expandible paradigm for identifying and targeting lineage-survival oncogenes in diverse human malignancies.
Structural basis of phosphatidylcholine recognition by the C2–domain of cytosolic phospholipase A2α
Authors: Hirano Yoshinori , Gao Yong-Guang , Stephenson Daniel J , Vu Ngoc T , Malinina Lucy , Simanshu Dhirendra K , Chalfant Charles E , Patel Dinshaw J , Brown Rhoderick E
Published: May 2019

Ca2+-stimulated translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) to the Golgi induces arachidonic acid production, the rate-limiting step in pro-inflammatory eicosanoid synthesis. Structural insights into the cPLA2α preference for phosphatidylcholine (PC)-enriched membranes have remained elusive. Here, we report the structure of the cPLA2α C2-domain (at 2.2 Å resolution), which contains bound 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) and Ca2+ ions. Two Ca2+ are complexed at previously reported locations in the lipid-free C2-domain. One of these Ca2+ions, along with a third Ca2+, bridges the C2-domain to the DHPC phosphate group, which also interacts with Asn65. Tyr96 plays a key role in lipid headgroup recognition via cation–π interaction with the PC trimethylammonium group. Mutagenesis analyses confirm that Tyr96 and Asn65 function in PC binding selectivity by the C2-domain and in the regulation of cPLA2α activity. The DHPC-binding mode of the cPLA2α C2-domain, which differs from phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding by other C2-domains, expands and deepens knowledge of the lipid-binding mechanisms mediated by C2-domains.
Stable Pom1 clusters form a glucose-modulated concentration gradient that regulates mitotic entry
Authors: Allard Corey A H , Opalko Hannah E , Moseley James B
Published: May 2019

Control of cell size requires molecular size sensors that are coupled to the cell cycle. Rod-shaped fission yeast cells divide at a threshold size partly due to Cdr2 kinase, which forms nodes at the medial cell cortex where it inhibits the Cdk1-inhibitor Wee1. Pom1 kinase phosphorylates and inhibits Cdr2, and forms cortical concentration gradients from cell poles. Pom1 inhibits Cdr2 signaling to Wee1 specifically in small cells, but the time and place of their regulatory interactions were unclear. We show that Pom1 forms stable oligomeric clusters that dynamically sample the cell cortex. Binding frequency is patterned into a concentration gradient by the polarity landmarks Tea1 and Tea4. Pom1 clusters colocalize with Cdr2 nodes, forming a glucose-modulated inhibitory threshold against node activation. Our work reveals how Pom1-Cdr2-Wee1 operates in multiprotein clusters at the cortex to promote mitotic entry at a cell size that can be modified by nutrient availability.
Comment on 'The distribution of antibiotic use and its association with antibiotic resistance'
Authors: Pouwels Koen B , Butler Christopher C , Robotham Julie V
Published: May 2019

We are writing to comment on the recent study by Olesen et al., 2018 on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance.
Response to comment on 'The distribution of antibiotic use and its association with antibiotic resistance'
Authors: Olesen Scott W , Lipsitch Marc , Grad Yonatan H
Published: May 2019

We are writing to reply to the comment by Pouwels et al., 2019 about our recent study (Olesen et al., 2018) on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance.
Applying and refining DNA analysis to determine the identity of plant material extracted from the digestive tracts of katydids
Authors: Symes Laurel B. , Wershoven Nicole L. , Hoeger Lars-Olaf , Ralston Jessica S. , Martinson Sharon J. , ter Hofstede Hannah M. , Palmer Christine M.
Published: May 2019

Background

Feeding habits are central to animal ecology, but it is often difficult to characterize the diet of organisms that are arboreal, nocturnal, rare, or highly mobile. Genetic analysis of gut contents is a promising approach for expanding our understanding of animal feeding habits. Here, we adapt a laboratory protocol for extracting and sequencing plant material from gut contents and apply it to Neotropical forest katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) on Barro Colorado Island (BCI) in Panama.

Methods

Our approach uses three chloroplast primer sets that were previously developed to identify vegetation on BCI. We describe the utility and success rate of each primer set. We then test whether there is a significant difference in the amplification and sequencing success of gut contents based on the size or sex of the katydid, the time of day that it was caught, and the color of the extracted gut contents.

Results

We find that there is a significant difference in sequencing success as a function of gut color. When extracts were yellow, green, or colorless the likelihood of successfully amplifying DNA ranged from ~30–60%. When gut extracts were red, orange, or brown, amplification success was exceptionally low (0–8%). Amplification success was also higher for smaller katydids and tended to be more successful in katydids that were captured earlier in the night. Strength of the amplified product was indicative of the likelihood of sequencing success, with strong bands having a high likelihood of success. By anticipating which samples are most likely to succeed, we provide information useful for estimating the number of katydids that need to be collected and minimizing the costs of purifying, amplifying, and sequencing samples that are unlikely to succeed. This approach makes it possible to understand the herbivory patterns of these trophically important katydids and can be applied more broadly to understand the diet of other tropical herbivores.
Cross‐Dehydrogenative C−O Coupling of Oximes with Acetonitrile, Ketones and Esters
Authors: Chen Zhen‐Yu , Liang Hua‐Ju , Chen Ri‐Xing , Chen Lei , Tang Xiang‐Zheng , Yan Ming , Zhang Xue‐Jing
Published: May 2019

A transition metal‐free approach for the generation of radical intermediates via EDA complexes had been developed. This approach enables a cross‐dehydrogenative C−O coupling of oximes with acetonitrile, ketones and esters with high yields and regioselectivities. Perfluorobutyl iodide was used as the unique electron acceptor to trigger a new radical formation. The radical pathway was confirmed by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, radical inhibiting, trapping and kinetics experiments.

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Deoxygenierende Borylierung von sekundären und tertiären Alkoholen
Authors: Friese Florian W. , Studer Armido
Published: May 2019

Zwei verschiedene Ansätze für die deoxygenierende radikalische Borylierung von sekundären und tertiären Alkoholen werden präsentiert. Die Reaktionen verlaufen entweder über einen metallfreien Silylradikal‐vermittelten Weg oder nutzen Photoredoxkatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht. Als Radikalvorläufer werden leicht zugängliche Xanthogenate und Methyloxalate eingesetzt. Die Methoden zeigen eine gute Substratbreite, hohe Toleranz gegenüber funktionellen Gruppen und können unter milden Bedingungen durchgeführt werden.
A Nickel(II) Nitrite Based Molecular Perovskite Ferroelectric
Authors: Xiong Yu‐An , Sha Tai‐Ting , Pan Qiang , Song Xian‐Jiang , Miao Shu‐Rong , Jing Zheng‐Yin , Feng Zi‐Jie , You Yu‐Meng , Xiong Ren‐Gen
Published: May 2019

The X‐site ion in organic–inorganic hybrid ABX3 perovskites (OHPs) varies from halide ion to bridging linkers like HCOO−, N3−, NO2−, and CN−. However, no nitrite‐based OHP ferroelectrics have been reported so far. Now, based on non‐ferroelectric [(CH3)4N][Ni(NO2)3], through the combined methodologies of quasi‐spherical shape, hydrogen bonding functionality, and H/F substitution, we have successfully synthesized an OHP ferroelectric, [FMeTP][Ni(NO2)3] (FMeTP=N‐fluoromethyl tropine). As an unprecedented nitrite‐based OHP ferroelectric, the well‐designed [FMeTP][Ni(NO2)3] undergoes the ferroelectric phase transition at 400 K with an Aizu notation of 6/mmmFm, showing multiaxial ferroelectric characteristics. This work is a great step towards not only enriching the molecular ferroelectric families but also accelerating the potential practical applications.
Deoxygenative Borylation of Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Friese Florian W. , Studer Armido
Published: May 2019

Two different approaches for the deoxygenative radical borylation of secondary and tertiary alcohols are presented. These transformations either proceed through a metal‐free silyl‐radical‐mediated pathway or utilize visible‐light photoredox catalysis. Readily available xanthates or methyl oxalates are used as radical precursors. The reactions show broad substrate scope and high functional‐group tolerance, and are conducted under mild and practical conditions.
Continuous‐Flow Electrochemical Generator of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Synthetic Applications
Authors: Elsherbini Mohamed , Winterson Bethan , Alharbi Haifa , Folgueiras‐Amador Ana A. , Génot Célina , Wirth Thomas
Published: May 2019

An efficient and reliable electrochemical generator of hypervalent iodine reagents has been developed. In the anodic oxidation of iodoarenes to hypervalent iodine reagents under flow conditions, the use of electricity replaces hazardous and costly chemical oxidants. Unstable hypervalent iodine reagents can be prepared easily and coupled with different substrates to achieve oxidative transformations in high yields. The unstable, electrochemically generated reagents can also easily be transformed into classic bench‐stable hypervalent iodine reagents through ligand exchange. The combination of electrochemical and flow‐chemistry advantages largely improves the ecological footprint of the overall process compared to conventional approaches.
Strong Exchange Couplings Drastically Slow Down Magnetization Relaxation in an Air‐Stable Cobalt(II)‐Radical Single‐Molecule Magnet (SMM)
Authors: Albold Uta , Bamberger Heiko , Hallmen Philipp P. , van Slageren Joris , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: May 2019

The energy barrier leading to magnetic bistability in molecular clusters is determined by the magnetic anisotropy of the cluster constituents. By incorporating a highly anisotropic four‐coordinate cobalt(II) building block into a strongly coupled fully air‐ and moisture‐stable three‐spin system, it proved possible to suppress under‐barrier Raman processes leading to 350‐fold increase of magnetization relaxation time and pronounced hysteresis. Relaxation times of up to 9 hours at low temperatures were found.
Effects of nanosilica and titanium oxide on the performance of epoxy–amine nanocoatings
Authors: Parimalam Muvinkumar , Islam Muhammad Remanul , Yunus Rosli Mohd
Published: May 2019

Different types of composite coatings were prepared by the blending of colloidal nanosilica (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in epoxy resin to investigate their coating performances. A fixed amount of silica nanoparticles (20 wt %) and different amounts (5, 10, and 15 wt %) of microsized TiO2 particles were used in the coatings. The functional groups of the formulated coatings were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These results indicate that the SiO2–TiO2 particles interacted well with epoxy. Scanning electron microscopy images of the composite coatings revealed a good dispersion of TiO2 particles at a lower amount of loading; this improved the adhesiveness, glass‐transition temperature, thermal stability, and chemical resistance properties. At higher loadings, the performances decreased. The composite coatings were also characterized by their UV radiation‐absorption properties with an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. Interestingly, this property was found to be enhanced at higher loadings. An impressive result was noticed in the nanocomposites in terms of oxygen transmission rate performance compared to that of the neat epoxy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47901.
Politics and pride: Maintaining genetic novelty may be detrimental for the conservation of Formosa landlocked salmon Oncorhynchus formosanus
Authors: Burridge Christopher Paul
Published: May 2019

Populations of conservation concern are often rare, restricted in range, and isolated from other populations. This can manifest in low genetic diversity, which reduces the ability of a population to respond to changes in the environment, and in higher levels of inbreeding, which reduce individual fitness. Isolated populations, however, often harbour genetic and phenotypic novelty, which can elicit a strong community sentiment to maintain these populations.

Genetic rescue – the introduction of genetic variation to improve fitness – offers potential benefits for isolated and threatened populations, but has associated risks, including a perceived loss in identity if that population is geographically, genetically, and culturally significant. Here, the potential benefits and risks of genetic rescue for isolated freshwater populations are discussed, using the Formosa salmon as an exemplar.

Formosa landlocked salmon, a member of the masu salmon complex (Oncorhynchus masou sensu lato), is the southernmost naturally distributed salmonid in the world, occupying a single stream at high elevation in Taiwan. Listed as Critically Endangered, it exhibits continuing low abundance (<5000 individuals). Although Formosa salmon can be genetically distinguished from other masu salmon, its genetic variation is extremely low and genetic factors may now critically affect fitness.

There appears to be clear merit for the genetic rescue of Formosa salmon, and test crosses involving other landlocked masu salmon are urgently required. If these test crosses yield individuals of high fitness, guidelines for introductions into the wild are provided. In addition, subpopulations above and below artificial instream barriers to movement require connection via the direct exchange of individuals to minimize any further losses of genetic variation. Insurance populations with independent risk probabilities to the existing population should also be constructed, with continuing connectivity among populations through the direct exchange of individuals.
Hormonal changes after competition predict sex‐differentiated decision‐making
Authors: Alacreu‐Crespo Adrián , Costa Raquel , Abad‐Tortosa Diana , Hidalgo Vanesa , Salvador Alicia , Serrano Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2019

Recent neuroendocrinology research has pointed out that testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) changes after social interactions can predict risk‐taking behavior in decision‐making, depending on the sex of participants. However, previous research has focused on the effects of the changes in only one hormone, rather than the interaction between them, even though C can suppress T activity. Our aim was to test, in men and women, the role of T changes moderated by C changes after competition in decision‐making. Thus, 48 males and 46 females completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) after a laboratory competition or a noncompetitive task (control task). Saliva samples were collected before and after the competition/control task. IGT was employed to measure risk‐taking decision‐making, considering the degree of uncertainty. Our results showed sex‐differentiated effects of T and C changes on risk‐taking behavior. On the one hand, men from both task groups (Competition/Control) who had higher C and T changes after competition showed more risk‐taking decision‐making (higher IG Risk). On the other hand, women from the competitive task who had high C and T showed conservative decision‐making. Therefore, these results show sex‐differentiated decision‐making profiles, which would help to understand how men and women behave after experiencing a competitive social context.
Methods to evaluate test results based on small sample sizes
Authors: Marx Steffen , Grünberg Jürgen , Schacht Gregor
Published: May 2019

For the assessment of the load bearing capacity of existing constructions, information is often required that can only be obtained by building substance inspection and testing. The most integral form of the experimental evaluation in an existing structure is the classic load test, since the structural safety can be demonstrated directly and non‐destructively. However, it is problematic to transfer the results of one or a small number of experiments to other untested components. This article discusses existing evaluation methods and introduces a new approach to account for uncertainties when transferring test results to untested components.
Enantio‐, Regio‐ and Chemoselective Copper‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Hydroborylation of Acylsilanes
Authors: Nagy Audric , Collard Laurent , Indukuri Kiran , Leyssens Tom , Riant Olivier
Published: May 2019

Enantioselective synthesis of synthetically significant (α‐hydroxyallyl)silanes, (α‐hydroxyaryl)silanes, and (α‐hydroxyalkyl)silanes is reported. The present copper‐catalyzed 1,2‐selective hydroborylation of acylsilanes affords the aforementioned products in high yields and with high enantiomeric excesses. This robust and scalable additive‐free catalytic system relies on the use of low copper(II) acetate and diphosphine ligand loadings at room temperature in the presence of a commercially available and bench‐stable hydride source.
Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Four‐ and Six‐Member Cyclic Products via Sequential Aryl‐Aryl Coupling on a Au(111) Surface
Authors: Zhang Ran , Xia Bowen , Xu Hu , Lin Nian
Published: May 2019

We synthesize four‐ and six‐member cyclic products via sequential multi‐step aryl‐aryl coupling reactions of 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexabromotriphenylene molecules on a Au(111) surface. The final products as well as the organo‐gold intermediate structures are identified using scanning tunneling microscopy and density‐functional theory simulation. By adjusting reaction temperature and post‐annealing temperature, we enhance/suppress the yields of the four‐member and six‐member cyclic products. We propose an underlying mechanism which is associated with different reaction kinetics of the first‐order and second‐order reactions. This work exemplifies intricate kinetically‐controlled on‐surface synthesis when multiple reactions of different reaction order are involved.
Usefulness of Flow Cytometry for the Detection of Cutaneous Localization in Malignant Hematologic Disorders
Authors: Maitre Elsa , Le‐Page Anne‐Laure , Comoz Francois , Truquet Florence , Damaj Gandhi , Cornet Edouard , Verneuil Laurence , Salaün Véronique , Troussard Xavier
Published: May 2019

Background

Histological evaluation of malignant hematologic involvement of the skin can be challenging and needs an extended immunohistochemistry panel. We assessed the ability of flow cytometry (FCM) to detect neoplastic cell subsets in skin biopsies as a useful tool that supplements the histological examination in a complementary way.

Methods

Two hundred and forty‐three consecutive skin biopsies were retrospectively analyzed between April 2012 and July 2017.

Results

Among them, 147 samples, corresponding to 128 patients, were analyzed at diagnosis. Eighty‐seven patients had erythrodermic inflammatory dermatoses, and 41 patients had cutaneous hematologic neoplasms. Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas were the most frequent disorders, accounting for 70% of cases (29/41). Cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma was found in only 17% of cases (7/41) and immature hematologic malignancies in 5% (2/41). Three patients had secondary skin involvement. The sensitivity of FCM skin biopsy analysis was 78.1% (32/41). Among the 243 samples, 27 patients had mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sezary syndrome (SS) with available FCM data. A loss of CD26 expression was identified in 92% of cases of transformed MF or SS versus 40% of cases of non‐transformed MF (P = 0.0057 χ²). Among the 12 MF patients with negative CD26 expression, six progressed to SS versus none in the positive group (50% vs. 0% P = 0.0168 χ²).

Conclusions

FCM analysis of the skin biopsies is a sensitive method and a useful tool for improving the sensitivity of diagnosis of hematologic skin neoplasms. Among the MF patients, a loss of CD26 expression could be a marker of higher risk of progression. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Speciation with gene flow: Evidence from a complex of alpine butterflies (Coenonympha, Satyridae)
Authors: Capblancq Thibaut , Mavárez Jesús , Rioux Delphine , Després Laurence
Published: May 2019

Until complete reproductive isolation is achieved, the extent of differentiation between two diverging lineages is the result of a dynamic equilibrium between genetic isolation and mixing. This is especially true for hybrid taxa, for which the degree of isolation in regard to their parental species is decisive in their capacity to rise as a new and stable entity. In this work, we explored the past and current patterns of hybridization and divergence within a complex of closely related butterflies in the genus Coenonympha in which two alpine species, C. darwiniana and C. macromma, have been shown to result from hybridization between the also alpine C. gardetta and the lowland C. arcania. By testing alternative scenarios of divergence among species, we show that gene flow has been uninterrupted throughout the speciation process, although leading to different degrees of current genetic isolation between species in contact zones depending on the pair considered. Nonetheless, at broader geographic scale, analyses reveal a clear genetic differentiation between hybrid lineages and their parental species, pointing out to an advanced stage of the hybrid speciation process. Finally, the positive correlation observed between ecological divergence and genetic isolation among these butterflies suggests a potential role for ecological drivers during their speciation processes.
Synthesis of zeolite/activated carbon composite material for the removal of lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions
Authors: Isaac Prince J. , Amaravadi Sivakumar , M.S.M Kamil , K.K Cheralathan , R Lakshmipathy
Published: May 2019

The present study reports the feasibility of synthesis of a new composite material containing zeolite (ZSM‐5) and activated carbon that was prepared from custard apple shell powder. The process consisted of the following steps: preparation of activated carbon and subsequent steam assisted dry gel conversion of tetraethyl orthosilicate and sodium aluminate to ZSM‐5 and ZSM‐5 activated carbon composite. The resulting composite materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller techniques. The co‐ordination of the alumina incorporated was analyzed using Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. A comparative study among ZSM‐5, ZSM‐5 activated carbon composite, and mechanical mixture was executed toward sequestration of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solution. The ZSM‐5/activated carbon composite exhibited higher sequestration efficiency of lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) from aqueous solution and further from industrial effluents compared to other two sorbents. The ZSM‐5/activated carbon composite exhibited selective adsorption toward Pb2+ ions compared to Cd2+ ions and other divalent metal ions.
Fault‐tolerant data transport backbone for 3D wireless sensor networks
Authors: Zafer Mostefa , Senouci Mustapha Reda , Aissani Mohamed
Published: May 2019

Existing approaches for clustering wireless sensor networks by using relay nodes (RNs) suffer from two major problems: impracticability for realistic scenarios and lack of fault tolerance. The first problem is due to the assumption of a two‐dimensional Region of Interest (RoI). The second problem stems from the fact that these approaches do not address the construction of disjoint routing paths, where multiple routing paths have common intermediate RNs, which create a bottleneck for the data transport and points of failure. In this paper, we tackle these two problems by proposing a new RNs deployment approach based on more realistic assumptions. Indeed, a more realistic communication model is considered, which takes into account the impact of the RoI topography on wireless communications. Additionally, a practical position constraint is adopted, where the RNs are placed only on the RoI crest points, to minimize the topography impact on the wireless communications. By relying on an efficient algorithm that constructs from a connected graph many Steiner trees, covering the same subset of vertices, the proposed RNs deployment approach selects the appropriate positions of the RNs and ensures a reliable data transport from the sensor nodes to the collector node, according to a two‐tier topology while satisfying other secondary objectives related to the cost and the quality of the communication links. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach and its ability to minimize cost and improve communication links quality.
Lab‐scale atmospheric CO2 absorption for calcium carbonate precipitation in sand
Authors: Ngu Lock‐Hei , Song Joyce W. , Hashim Siti S. , Ong Dominic E.
Published: May 2019

The microbial‐induced calcite precipitation (MICP) process for ground improvement uses microorganisms to hydrolyze urea, producing carbonate ions to induce in situ calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation in soil to improve its strength. This paper proposes using the hydroxide‐based absorption of CO2 instead to provide the carbonate ion source. This study utilizes direct air capture (DAC) to absorb atmospheric CO2 using potassium hydroxide (KOH) in a semi‐batch bubble absorption column. Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) was then injected into sand with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 as a calcium source to precipitate CaCO3 and regenerate KOH. Batch and continuous flow precipitation methods produced a poor distribution of CaCO3, with more CaCO3 precipitated on top, resulting in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 6.9 to 19.6 kPa. Sand pre‐mixed with Ca(OH)2 gave well distributed CaCO3, precipitated throughout the sample with 7.56 wt% and 6.87 wt% CaCO3 content and UCS of 39.2 and 35.3 kPa before failing for batch and continuous flow precipitation respectively. This differs from MICP strength improvement of 1000 kPa with 5.3 wt% CaCO3 due to poor binding of sand with the precipitated CaCO3 crystals. However, this application provides a stable sequestration source for atmospheric CO2 in soil. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vaccinia‐related kinase 2 plays a critical role in microglia‐mediated synapse elimination during neurodevelopment
Authors: Lee Juhyun , Lee Seunghyun , Ryu Young‐Jae , Lee Dohyun , Kim Sangjune , Seo Ji‐Young , Oh Eunji , Paek Sun Ha , Kim Seung U. , Ha Chang‐Man , Choi Se‐Young , Kim Kyong‐Tai
Published: May 2019

During postnatal neurodevelopment, excessive synapses must be eliminated by microglia to complete the establishment of neural circuits in the brain. The lack of synaptic regulation by microglia has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability. Here we suggest that vaccinia‐related kinase 2 (VRK2), which is expressed in microglia, may stimulate synaptic elimination by microglia. In VRK2‐deficient mice (VRK2KO), reduced numbers of presynaptic puncta within microglia were observed. Moreover, the numbers of presynaptic puncta and synapses were abnormally increased in VRK2KO mice by the second postnatal week. These differences did not persist into adulthood. Even though an increase in the number of synapses was normalized, adult VRK2KO mice showed behavioral defects in social behaviors, contextual fear memory, and spatial memory.