bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Usefulness of Different Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Zinellu Elisabetta , Zinellu Angelo , Fois Alessandro G. , Fois Sara S. , Piras Barbara , Carru Ciriaco , Pirina Pietro
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible after inhaled bronchodilator use associated with an abnormal inflammatory condition. The biggest risk factor for COPD is cigarette smoking. The exposure to noxious chemicals contained within tobacco smoke is known to cause airway epithelial injury through oxidative stress, which in turn has the ability to elicit an inflammatory response. In fact, the disruption of the delicate balance between oxidant and antioxidant defenses leads to an oxidative burden that has long been held responsible to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of COPD. There are currently several biomarkers of oxidative stress in COPD that have been evaluated in a variety of biological samples. The aim of this review is to identify the best studied molecules by summarizing the key literature findings, thus shedding some light on the subject.Methods. We searched for relevant case-control studies examining oxidative stress biomarkers in stable COPD, taking into account the analytical method of detection as an influence factor.Results. Many oxidative stress biomarkers have been evaluated in several biological matrices, mostly in the blood. Some of them consistently differ between the cases and controls even when allowing different analytical methods of detection.Conclusions. The present review provides an overview of the oxidative stress biomarkers that have been evaluated in patients with COPD, bringing focus on those molecules whose reliability has been confirmed by the use of different analytical methods.
Preparation of Sol-Enhanced Ni–P–Al2O3 Nanocomposite Coating by Electrodeposition
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Zhang Kun , Zhang Mingming , Zhang Yaqi , Wu Tingting , Zhao Hongyuan , Su Jianxiu , Wang Zhankui , Wang Junfeng
Published: May 2020

A Ni–P–(sol)Al2O3 coating was prepared on the surface of Q235 steel by direct-current electrodeposition. This method was combined with sol-gel and electrodeposition technique, instead of the traditional nanopowder dispersion, to prepare highly dispersible oxide nanoparticle-reinforced composites. The effects of temperature, pH value, and current density and Al2O3 sol on the hardness of composite coating were investigated. The coating surface morphology and structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The corrosion resistance of coatings in the presence of intermediate layers was evaluated by electrochemical measurement in 3.5% NaCl solution by open-circuit potential measurement at room temperature. The hardness and wear resistance of the coating were measured by a microindentation instrument and friction wear machine, respectively. The results showed that Al2O3 sol can effectively improve Ni–P alloy coating structure and refine grain. When the bath temperature was 55°C, the pH value was 4.5, the amount of sol was 80 mL/L, the current density was 1 A/dm2, and the hardness of the nanosol coating was 569 HV. Compared with Ni–P, the friction coefficient increases slightly, but the wear rate was only 1.768×10−6 g·m−1. The corrosion resistance was also better than that of Ni–P coating.
Prognostic Impact of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 Expression in Tumor Tissue in Stage I‐III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kuai Wentao , Xu Xinjian , Yan Jing , Zhao Wujie , Li Yaxing , Wang Bin , Yuan Na , Li Zhongxin , Jia Yitao
Published: May 2020

Background. Programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD‐1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 (Tim‐3) are considered as important immunosuppressive molecules and play an important role in tumor immune escape and cancer progression. However, it remains unclear whether PD‐1 and Tim‐3 are coexpressed in stage I‐III colorectal cancer (CRC) and how they impact on the prognosis of the disease. Materials and Methods. A total of two cohorts with 451 patients who underwent surgery for stage I‐III CRC treatment were enrolled in the study. Among which, 378 cases were from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 73 cases were from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (FHHMU) cohort. The mRNA expressions of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 in tumor tissue in stage I‐III CRC were obtained from TCGA database. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expressions of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 in tumor tissue in stage I‐III CRC in the FHHMU cohort. Interactive relationships between PD‐1 and Tim‐3 were retrieved through the online STRING database, which was used to study the interactions between proteins. DAVID, consisting of comprehensive biological function annotation information, was applied for the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the interactive genes. Results. In the FHHMU cohort, the high expressions of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 were, respectively, found in 42.47% and 84.93% of stage I‐III CRC tissue. PD‐1 was significantly associated with age, primary site, and lymphatic metastasis. Tim‐3 was closely related to the primary site. Correlation analysis showed that PD‐1 and Tim‐3 were positively correlated (r = 0.5682, P < 0.001). In TCGA cohort, PD‐1 and Tim‐3 were associated with the prognosis of CRC patients in terms of 5‐year survival (P < 0.05). In the FHHMU cohort, the 5‐year survival of patients with high levels of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 was 54.84% and 65.85%, respectively. Among which, the high expression of PD‐1 was associated with poor prognosis (5‐year OS: 54.84% vs. 88.10%, P = 0.003). The 5‐year survival rate of CRC patients with coexpression of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 was 45.00%, which was significantly worse than non‐coexpression (72.73%, 85.71%, and 90.48% separately). The functional network of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 primarily participates in the regulation of immune cell activation and proliferation, immune cell receptor complex, cell adhesion molecules, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion. In summary, upregulation of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 in stage I‐III CRC tumor tissue could be associated with the poor prognosis of patients. Those patients with coexpression of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 may have a significantly worse prognosis.
Analysis and Comparison of Queue with N-Policy and Unreliable Server
Authors: Ma Qing , Zhang Xuelu
Published: May 2020

This work considers a queueing system with N-policy and unreliable server, where potential customers arrive at the system according to Poisson process. If there is no customer waiting in the system, instead of shutting down, the server turns into dormant state and does not afford service until the number of customers is accumulated to a certain threshold. And in the working state, the server is apt to breakdown and affords service again only after it is repaired. According to whether the server state is observable or not, the numerical optimal arrival rates are computed to maximize the social welfare and throughput of the system. The results illustrate their tendency in two cases so that the manager has a strong ability to decide which is more crucial in making management decision.
On Anomalous Fluorescence of Symmetrical Polymethine Dyes
Authors: Kondratenko P. O. , Lopatkin Yu. M.
Published: May 2020

The group-theoretical analysis of polymethine dyes (PMD) showed that relaxation processes between the states S3 and S1 are forbidden, either by radiation or by internal conversion. From the state S3, only transition to the ground state of the molecule is possible. Since the experimental data state that the quantum yield of S3 ⟶ S0 fluorescence does not exceed 1%, it is indicated that the internal conversion rate can be 2 orders of magnitude higher than the radiative relaxation rate of the molecule. Concerning the reasons for the appearance of fluorescence from the higher excited states of molecules, it can be asserted that the necessary condition for the appearance of S3 ⟶ S0 fluorescence is the absence of S0 ⟶ S1(v)-absorption in the region of the S0 ⟶ S3 transition. The sufficient condition is the corresponding symmetry of the excited states, which imposes a prohibition on the S3 ⟶ S1 relaxation process.
Surgical Injury and Ischemia Prime the Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction and Increase Angiogenic Capacity in a Mouse Limb Ischemia Model
Authors: Kishimoto Satoko , Inoue Ken-ichi , Sohma Ryoichi , Toyoda Shigeru , Sakuma Masashi , Inoue Teruo , Yoshida Ken-ichiro
Published: May 2020

The adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is an effective source for autologous cell transplantation. However, the quality and quantity of SVFs vary depending on the patient’s age, complications, and other factors. In this study, we developed a method to reproducibly increase the cell number and improve the quality of adipose-derived SVFs by surgical procedures, which we term “wound repair priming.” Subcutaneous fat from the inguinal region of BALB/c mice was surgically processed (primed) by mincing adipose parenchyma (injury) and ligating the subcutaneous fat-feeding artery (ischemia). SVFs were isolated on day 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 after the priming procedures. Gene expression levels of the primed SVFs were measured via microarray and pathway analyses which were performed for differentially expressed genes. Changes in cellular compositions of primed SVFs were analyzed by flow cytometry. SVFs were transplanted into syngeneic ischemic hindlimbs to measure their angiogenic and regeneration potential. Hindlimb blood flow was measured using a laser Doppler blood perfusion imager, and capillary density was quantified by CD31 staining of ischemic tissues. Stabilization of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF-A synthesis in the SVFs were measured by fluorescent immunostaining and Western blotting, respectively. As a result, the number of SVFs per fat weight was increased significantly on day 7 after priming. Among the differentially expressed genes were innate immunity-related signals on both days 1 and 3 after priming. In primed SVFs, the CD45-positive blood mononuclear cell fraction decreased, and the CD31-CD45-double negative mesenchymal cell fraction increased on day 7. The F4/80-positive macrophage fraction was increased on days 1 and 7 after priming. There was a serial decrease in the mesenchymal-gated CD34-positive adipose progenitor fraction and mesenchymal-gated CD140A-positive/CD9-positive preadipocyte fraction on days 1 and 3. Transplantation of primed SVFs resulted in increased capillary density and augmented blood flow, improving regeneration of the ischemic limbs. HIF-1 alpha was stabilized in the primed cutaneous fat in situ, and VEGF-A synthesis of the primed SVFs was on a peak on 5 days after priming. Wound repair priming thus resulted in SVFs with increased number and augmented angiogenic potential.
A CRC-Based Classifier Micro-Engine for Efficient Flow Processing in SDN-Based Internet of Things
Authors: Abbasi Mahdi , Mousavi Navid , Rafiee Milad , Khosravi Mohammad R. , Menon Varun G.
Published: May 2020

In the Internet of things (IoT), network devices and mobile systems should exchange a considerable amount of data with negligible delays. For this purpose, the community has used the software-defined networking (SDN), which has provided high-speed flow-based communication mechanisms. To satisfy the requirements of SDN in the classification of communicated packets, high-throughput packet classification systems are needed. A hardware-based method of Internet packet classification that could be simultaneously high-speed and memory-aware has been proved to be able to fill the gap between the network speed and the processing speed of the systems on the network in traffics higher than 100 Gbps. The current architectures, however, have not been successful in achieving these two goals. This paper proposes the architecture of a processing micro-core for packet classification in high-speed, flow-based network systems. By using the hashing technique, this classifying micro-core fixes the length of the rules field. As a result, with a combination of SRAM and BRAM memory cells and implementation of two ports on Virtex®6 FPGAs, the memory usage of 14.5 bytes per rule and a throughput of 324 Mpps were achieved in our experiments. Also, the performance per memory of the proposed design is the highest as compared to its major counterparts and is able to simultaneously meet the speed and memory-usage criteria.
Application of Magnetic Coupling Resonant Wireless Power Supply in a Torque Online Telemetering System of a Rolling Mill
Authors: Jia Jinliang , Yan Xiaoqiang
Published: May 2020

The torque of the main drive system is one of the most important force and energy parameters of the rolling mill, and the strain type torque online telemetry system is a practical method for measuring torque parameters. The strain gauges and transmitters on the rotating shaft are driven by a high-frequency induction power system. Their installation, debugging, and maintenance are cumbersome, and their very low power transmission efficiency (PTE) has become a challenging problem for online telemetry systems. In this paper, a magnetic coupling resonant wireless power supply method is utilized to replace the high-frequency induction power supply. Through theoretical and experimental research, it is concluded that the magnetically coupled resonant wireless power supply method can realize long-distance power supply, overcoming many shortcomings of the high-frequency induction power supply system. In the laboratory, a maximum PTE of 83.7% is obtained for a transmission distance of 50 mm. Under the influence of environmental factors common for the transmission shaft of a rolling mill, the PTE decreases by 34%, but normal operation of the system can be achieved by adjusting the compensation capacitance. The proposed system provides a guarantee for a long-term stable power supply on the measured axis of a rolling mill torque online telemetry system.
TREM-1 and TREM-2 Expression on CD14+ Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in the Context of T Cell Immune Response
Authors: Suchankova M. , Urban J. , Ganovska M. , Tibenska E. , Szaboova K. , Tedlova E. , Sandor F. , Majer I. , Bobovcak M. , Jonner I. , Konig B. , Bucova M.
Published: May 2020

Background. Sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) are immunologically mediated processes caused by hypersensitivity reaction accompanied by similar features including lymphocytic alveolitis and granuloma formation. Recent studies describe the role of TREM receptors in T cell activation, differentiation, and granuloma formation. Alveolar macrophages activation via TREM receptors may be the key factor mediating subsequent immune response. The aim of the study was to analyse TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression to identify further molecular mechanisms participating in the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis and HP. Methods. Flow cytometry was performed to analyse TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression on CD14+ cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients having sarcoidosis or HP and a control group. Results. The study proved increased TREM-1 expression on alveolar macrophages in pulmonary sarcoidosis and diminished TREM-1 expression in HP-Sarcoidosis: median: 76.7; HP: median: 29.9; control: median: 53.3, (sarcoidosis versus HP: p<0.001; sarcoidosis versus control: p<0.05). TREM-2 expression was increased in both, sarcoidosis and HP-sarcoidosis: median: 34.79; HP: median: 36.00; control: median: 12.98, (sarcoidosis versus control: p<0.05; HP versus control: p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed negative correlation between TREM-1 and total number of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In sarcoidosis TREM-1 expression decreased with changes of HRCT image, decrease in CD4/CD8 ratio and decrease in DLCO. Conclusions. Differences in TREM receptor expression in sarcoidosis (increase in TREM-1 and TREM-2) and HP (increase in TREM-2) and correlation analysis suggests that activation via TREM may participate in typical immunological characteristics of sarcoidosis and HP.
Alcohol Use and Cancer in the European Union
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Shield Kevin D.
Published: May 2020

Background: Cancers constitute a major non-communicable disease category globally and in the European Union (EU). Summary: Alcohol use has been established as a major cause of cancer in humans. Principal cancer agencies agree that the following cancer sites are causally impacted by alcohol: lip and oral cavity, pharynx (excluding nasopharynx), oesophagus, colon and rectum, liver, (female) breast, and larynx. For all of these cancer sites, there is a dose-response relationship with no apparent threshold: the higher the average level of consumption, the higher the risk of cancer incidence. In the EU in 2016, about 80,000 people died of alcohol-attributable cancer, and about 1.9 million years of life were lost due to premature mortality or due to disability. Key messages: Given the above-described impact of alcohol on cancer, public awareness about the alcohol-cancer link needs to be increased. In addition, effective alcohol policy measures should be implemented. As a large part of alcohol-attributable cancers are in low and moderate alcohol users, in particular for females, general population measures such as increases in taxation, restrictions on availability, and bans on marketing and advertisement are best suited to reduce the alcohol-attributable cancer burden.
Understanding the Role of the Clitellum in the Regeneration Events of the Earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae
Authors: Selvan Christyraj Jackson Durairaj , Azhagesan Ananthaselvam , Ganesan Mijithra , Subbiah Nadar Chelladurai Karthikeyan , Paulraj Vennila Devi , Selvan Christyraj Johnson Retnaraj Samuel
Published: May 2020

Regeneration is a complex mechanism to restore lost or damaged body parts. In earthworms, regeneration capability varies among different species, and it is important to explore the mechanism behind the regeneration process. Interestingly, regeneration in earthworms is either dependent or independent of clitellum segments. In the present study, juvenile earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) were amputated at 3 different sites, namely the head, clitellum, and tail segments (at segments 10, 15, and 30, respectively), and their regeneration ability was documented using a foldscope. The amputated segments having the intact clitellum were able to heal the wounds and form the regenerative blastema. The smaller portions of the amputated segments (segments 1–10 and 1–15) without intact clitellum were unable to heal the wound, and death occurs within 12–24 h. The larger portions of the amputated segments (segments 15 and 30 to anus) without intact clitellum were able to heal the wound but lacked the regeneration capability. In control worms, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) signals were observed at the anterior tip, clitellum, and gut epithelium tissues, whereas, upon amputation, the enriched signals from the clitellum diminished, but profound signals were observed at the amputation site and regenerative blastema. Interestingly, on days 3 and 4, blastemal tips lacked ALP signals due to initiation of the differentiation process in the regeneration blastema. In summary, using a foldscope microscope, the role of the clitellum in the regeneration mechanism was indicated by ALP activity.
Alopecia Areata and Toxic Metals
Authors: Pigatto Paolo Daniele , Ferrucci Silvia Mariel , Brambilla Lucia , Guzzi Gianpaolo
Published: May 2020

Toxic metals are not so rare but are often neglected causes of alopecia areata in men and women. Thallium, arsenic, selenium, and mercury are the most common cause of metals-related alopecia, which is what Vicky Yu and colleagues’ found. Other than the presence of thallium, arsenic, mercury, and selenium, cadmium, bismuth, lithium, and copper should also be taken into account when dermatologists are considering toxic metals as a potential cause of alopecia areata in humans.
Application of the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (ISRSFC) on Reporting Pericardial Effusion Cytology
Authors: Rodriguez Erika F. , Jones Robert , Gabrielson Matthew , Santos Dustin , Pastorello Ricardo G. , Maleki Zahra
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (ISRSFC) has recently been announced. Pericardial effusion (PE) is a clinical manifestation of a large variety of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. Herein, we have applied the ISRSFC on reporting PE cytopathology and report our experience in a large academic institution. Method and Materials: After the Institutional Research Board approval, the electronic pathology database of a large academic institution was queried for PEs collected from January 2014 to January 2019. The diagnosis, patient demographics, and specimen volume were recorded for each case. The ISRSFC was applied and the cases were divided into 5 categories: nondiagnostic (ND), negative for malignancy (NFM), atypia of uncertain significance (AUS), suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and malignant (MAL). Each category was evaluated separately. Results: A total of 299 cases were identified, 162 females and 137 males. The age of the subjects ranged from less than a year to 89 years (average 51.25 years). The volume ranged from 3 to 1,700 mL (average 298 mL). There were 252 NFM (84.3%), 13 AUS (4.3%), 4 SFM (1.3%), and 30 MAL (10%) cases. Metastatic lung cancer followed by metastatic breast cancer were the most common malignancies involving pericardial fluid (PF). No cases were diagnosed as ND. However, no mesothelial cells were seen in 97 specimens (38% of the negative cases). None of these patients developed malignant PE in at least 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion: The ISRSFC is a user-friendly reporting system which is easily applicable on serous fluid including PF. The vast majority of PEs was benign (84.3%). Our study shows that the presence of mesothelial cells is not necessary for specimen adequacy in serous effusions as no mesothelial cells were identified in 38% of the negative cases. Metastatic lung carcinoma was the most common diagnosis of malignant effusions.
Is a Retroaortic Vein a Risk Factor in Laparoscopic Living Donor Nephrectomy?
Authors: Mang Josef , Hennig Linda , Biernath Nadine , Liefeldt Lutz , Bichmann Anna , Ralla Bernhard , Maxeiner Andreas , Peters Robert , Cash Hannes , Budde Klemens , Friedersdorff Frank
Published: May 2020

Introduction: In living donor transplantation choosing the right donor and donor side for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is a challenging task in clinical practice. Knowledge about anomalies in renal blood supply are crucial to evaluate the feasibility of the operative procedure. Few data so far exist whether the existence of a retroaortic left renal vein has an impact on living kidney transplantation outcome for donor and recipient. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 221 patients who underwent laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy between 2011 and 2017 for existence of a retroaortic left renal vein. Clinical characteristics and operative outcomes for donors and recipients were analyzed. Results: 221 patients underwent donor nephrectomy between 2011 and 2017; 11 patients (4.98%) showed the feature of a retroaortic left renal vein, and in 8 patients (72.7%) out of those 11 the left kidney was chosen for transplantation. Mean preoperative serum creatinine was 0.77 (0.49–0.98) mg/dL and 1.28 (0.97–1.64) mg/dL at discharge. In recipients mean serum creatinine preoperatively, after 1 week, 1 month,1 year, 2 and 3 years of follow-up was 10.36 (6.09–20.77) mg/dL, 1.71 (0.67–2.72), 1.33 (0.70–1.89), 1.31 (0.95–2.13), 1.31 (0.98–2.13) and 1.33 (1.03–1.84), respectively. Neither donors nor recipients suffered from any operative complications. Conclusions: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy of a left kidney with retroaortic renal vein is safe for the donor, without limitation in the outcome for the recipient.
ЗМІНИ В СИСТЕМІ ПЕРОКСИДНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ У ПІДДОСЛІДНИХ ТВАРИН ВНАСЛІДОК МОДЕЛЬОВАНОЇ ПОЄДНАНОЇ АБДОМІНО-СКЕЛЕТНОЇ ТРАВМИ ТА ІШЕМІЇ-РЕПЕРФУЗІЇ НИЖНІХ КІНЦІВОК
Authors: Garian S. V.
Published: May 2020

Вступ. У статті наведено результати експериментального дослідження, під час якого вивчали вплив реперфузії нижніх кінцівок, після накладання кровоспинних джгутів, на зміни показників системи пероксидного окиснення ліпідів у сироватці крові за умов абдоміно-скелетної травми і масивної зовнішньої крововтрати. Вони показали, що реперфузія нижніх кінцівок у поєднанні з модельованими травмами викликає значну активацію цієї системи протягом 21-го дня посттравматичного періоду. Мета дослідження – вивчити вплив реперфузії кінцівки на моделі поєднаної абдоміно-скелетної травми на зміни показників системи пероксидного окиснення ліпідів. Методи дослідження. Експеримент проведено на 130-ти нелінійних щурах-самцях масою 190–220 г. У дослідних групах було змодельовано реперфузію нижніх кінцівок у поєднанні з абдоміно-скелетною травмою та проаналізовано динаміку змін показників ТБК-активних продуктів і дієнових кон’югатів до 21-ї доби посттравматичного періоду. Достовірність відмінностей між контрольною та дослідними групами оцінювали з використанням непараметричного критерію Манна – Уїтні. Результати й обговорення. Результати аналізу динаміки змін показників дієнових кон’югатів і ТБК-активних продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів у дослідних групах свідчать про те, що накладання кровоспинних джгутів на обидві нижні кінцівки піддослідних тварин викликало значну активацію системи пероксидного окиснення ліпідів у посттравматичний період. За своєю динамікою активація цієї системи у групі піддослідних тварин із скелетною травмою, яким накладали кровоспинні джгути, та групі піддослідних тварин, в яких скелетна травма поєднувалась із закритою травмою органів черевної порожнини, була подібною. Таким чином, ішемію-реперфузію нижніх кінцівок можна розглядати як компонент поєднаної травми. Висновок. Накладання кровоспинних джгутів на дві нижні кінцівки на 2 год викликає тривалу активацію системи ліпідної пероксидації, що підтверджується статистично достовірним (р<0,05) збільшенням рівня дієнових кон’югатів і ТБК-активних продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів з максимумом через 21 добу в посттравматичний період.
ЗМІНИ ПОКАЗНИКІВ АНТИОКСИДАНТНО-ПРООКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В ТКАНИНІ ЛЕГЕНЬ ЗА УМОВ ТРАВМИ ОРГАНІВ ЧЕРЕВНОЇ ПОРОЖНИНИ, ГІПОВОЛЕМІЧНОГО ШОКУ ТА РЕПЕРФУЗІЇ НИЖНІХ КІНЦІВОК В ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТІ
Authors: Fedoseeva O. V.
Published: May 2020

Вступ. У статті наведено результати експериментального дослідження, під час якого вивчали вплив реперфузії нижніх кінцівок на зміни показників антиоксидантно-прооксидантної системи у тканині легень при закритій травмі органів черевної порожнини та масивній зовнішній крововтраті. Вони показали, що реперфузія нижніх кінцівок у поєднанні з модельованими травмами викликає значну активацію системи пероксидного окиснення ліпідів протягом 7-ми днів посттравматичного періоду.

Мета дослідження – вивчити зміни антиоксидантно-прооксидантної системи у тканині легень на моделі поєднаної травми органів черевної порожнини, гіповолемічного шоку та реперфузії нижніх кінцівок.

Методи дослідження. Експеримент проведено на 80-ти нелінійних щурах-самцях масою 190–220 г. У дослідних групах було змодельовано реперфузію нижніх кінцівок у поєднанні із закритою травмою органів черевної порожнини на тлі масивної крововтрати та проаналізовано динаміку змін показників ТБК-активних продуктів і каталази. На основі цих даних розраховували антиоксидантно-прооксидантний індекс. Достовірність відмінностей між контрольною та дослідними групами оцінювали з використанням непараметричного критерію Манна – Уїтні.

Результати й обговорення. Результати аналізу змін системи пероксидного окиснення ліпідів у дослідних групах свідчать про те, що накладання кровоспинних джгутів на обидві нижні кінцівки піддослідних тварин викликало значну активацію цієї системи протягом 7-ми днів після моделювання травми. Поєднання закритої травми органів черевної порожнини з масивною крововтратою і реперфузією кінцівки призвело до виникнення тривалого оксидативного стресу, а зниження антиоксидантно-прооксидантного індексу – до виснаження антиоксидантних механізмів.

Висновок. Накладання кровоспинних джгутів на дві нижні кінцівки на 2 год викликає тривалу активацію системи ліпідної пероксидації, що підтверджується статистично достовірним (р<0,05) збільшенням вмісту ТБК-активних продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів з максимумом через 3 доби.
Saúde do trabalhador e economia solidária
Authors: Castro Matheus Fernandes de
Published: May 2020

Buscamos saber como os trabalhadores que se encontram em cinco empreendimentos econômicos solidários, de cinco diferentes cidades do oeste paulista, enfrentavam, tática e estrategicamente, suas dificuldades cotidianas no que se refere à saúde do trabalhador. Para tal, estabelecemos uma convivência etnográfica que não dispensou uma parceria e complementaridade metodológica com a pesquisa-ação para podermos intervir, sempre que os grupos assim negociavam nossa presença. Encontramos algumas ações táticas e estratégicas dos trabalhadores, que tanto os favoreciam como desfavoreciam, cotidianamente. Contudo, pudemos desvelar a importância da busca pela Economia Solidária e pelo cooperativismo para os vetores que promovem a saúde dos trabalhadores dentro dos empreendimentos. Assim, com base em nossa experiência, podemos afirmar que, nos grupos supracitados, apesar da reprodução dos modos de produção capitalista ser uma realidade, o fato de se buscar modos diferentes de trabalhar e obter renda é capaz de promover, no cotidiano, alterações significativas para os grupos.
What’s in a (Change of) Name? Much—but Not That Much—and Not What Wiebe Claims
Authors: Fujiwara Satoko , Jensen Tim
Published: May 2020

Donald Wiebe claims that the IAHR leadership (already before an Extended Executive Committee (EEC) meeting in Delphi) had decided to water down the academic standards of the IAHR with a proposal to change its name to “International Association for the Study of Religions.” His criticism, we argue, is based on a series of misunderstandings as regards: 1) the difference between the consultative body (EEC) and the decision-making body (EC), 2) the difference between the preliminary points of view of individuals and final proposals by the EC, 3) personal conversations, 4) the link between the proposal to change the name and the wish to tighten up the academic profile of the IAHR. Moreover, if the final decision-making bodies, the International Committee and the General Assembly, adopt the proposal, the new name as little as the old can make the IAHR more or less scientific. Tightening up the academic, scientific profile of the IAHR takes more than a change of name.
Gender-Based Violence and the Arms Trade
Authors: Acheson Ray
Published: May 2020

This article explains gender-based violence (gbv) and the relationship between gbv and the international arms trade. It examines how governments and activists worked together to ensure that the Arms Trade Treaty included a legally binding provision to prevent gbv, and how this provision has been used—or not used—since the Treaty’s adoption in 2013. It also encourages states, arms producers, lawyers, and activists to work to ensure that human lives and wellbeing are prioritised over profits as an imperative to realising the att’s objective and purpose, and to ensuring respect for the rule of law and international law.
Re-thinking Jihād: A Semantic Analysis of the Qurʾanic Vocabulary
Authors: Chishti Siddiq Ali
Published: May 2020

This article questions the popular equation between “jihad” and “warfare,” and concludes that the term jihad in the Qurʾan does not exclusively relate to warfare or physical fighting, but instead provides a wider and more inclusive sense of meaning. This broader sense is not only based on its literal roots and lexical meaning(s), but is also supported within Qurʾanic passages mentioning jihad and its related terms. An important methodological impetus in this endeavor is the semantic analyses of Qurʾanic vocabulary developed by Toshihiko Izutsu in the 1960s.
PROTECTING NON-MUSLIM: ITS IMPLEMENTATION DURING EARLY MUSLIM RULE OF ISLAMICJERUSALEM
Authors: Nor Mohd Roslan Mohd
Published: May 2020

Islamicjerusalem is a region of a great significant and has been given blessing (barakah) to all nations (li al-‘ālamīn). This barakah is not only for Muslims exclusively, but it is for all nations in this world, including to those Christians and Jews for their attention to the region. This is not only stated in the Quran, but most importantly it has been shown to the world during the Muslims rule over the region. This means that Muslims respect others and appreciate co-existence. It is interesting to note that the Quranic frameworks on eliminating racism, promoting equality and assurance of freedom and rights is being implemented since early days of Islam as can be noted in the case of Islamicjerusalem. When ‘Umar came to Islamicjerusalem, he has granted rights to the people, regardless of their races, beliefs and ideological differences. What was more important is to bring peace together within the society. Only then the people were able to live together and prosperity of civilization is guaranteed. This paper attempts to explore Quranic framework in dealing with this matter and link its implementation in Islamicjerusalem region during the early period of Islam.
Literati Connoisseurship of Tanci Flower Registers in Late Qing Shanghai
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: May 2020

With the flourishment of tanci 彈詞 performance, flower registers (huapu 花譜) that ranked and catalogued female tanci performers began to emerge in late Qing Shanghai. In this article, I treat the writing of flower registers as an act of collecting—a cultural practice of gathering, selecting, and publicizing artistic tastes. Focusing exclusively on the shuyu 書寓 entertainers in huapu discourses, I investigate the dynamics between the shuyu entertainers and the huapu writers: how they competed to (re)define the new ideals in beauty, talent, and virtue. Amid the networks of literati connoisseurship, urban legends, and new business models, female tanci performers were active participants of the huapu writing practice, both catering to literati expectations and subtly changing the rules of the game. By examining the various huapu discourses, I aim to gain a more nuanced reading of gender representation in late Qing Shanghai.
Record of the Non-native Suckermouth armored catfish hybrid Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau,1985) x Pterygoplichtys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) in Honduras
Authors: LARDIZABAL CLAUDIA C. , BENITEZ EDIS M. , MATAMOROS WILFREDO A.
Published: May 2020

Loricariidae is the largest catfish family, with over 1000 species and 80 genera (Fricke & Eschmeyer, 2019). Sailfin catfishes of the genus Pterygoplichthys are armored catfishes, native to temperate and tropical areas of South America, especially the Amazon (Wakida-Kusunoki & del Angel, 2011). Two species of this genus (Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelanu, 1855) and P. disjunctivus (Weber, 1991)) are naturally distributed in South America along the lower, middle and upper basin of the entire Amazon River (Wakida-Kusunoki & del Angel, 2008). These armored catfishes, typified by the presence of ossified plates through the body, are considered very successful invaders of rivers and lakes outside their natural range. Their invasion success has been attributed to their morphology, behavior and life history. For instance, their ability to withstand droughts and cold weather by using burrows in river and lake banks they can survive in the moist habitat even when water levels decrease below the opening of the burrows, these survival characteristics of harsh conditions enable them to thrive in native and non-native grounds (Burgess 1989; Hoover & Killgore 2004; Nico & Martin 2001; Sandoval-Huerta et al. 2012). Furthermore, their rapid growth during their first years of life, their reproductive traits such as an extended reproductive period, high egg yield (Rueda-Jasso et al. 2013), and the capability of achieving reproductive maturity at smaller size (Wei et al. 2017) allow introduced populations to become abundant in a short period of time.
New Gnamptodontinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from China and Vietnam, with two genera new for China and seven new species
Authors: TIAN XIAO-XIA , VAN ACHTERBERG CORNELIS , WU JIA-XUAN , TAN JIANG-LI
Published: May 2020

The genus Pseudognaptodon Fischer, 1965 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Gnamptodontinae) is reported for the first time from the Palaearctic region, Neognamptodon Belokobylskij, 1999 is new for the Oriental region and both genera are new for China. Seven new species are described and fully illustrated: Pseudognaptodon sinensis Tan & van Achterberg, sp. n. from China (Shaanxi), P. curvinervis van Achterberg, sp. n., P. bidoupensis van Achterberg, sp. n., P. longi van Achterberg, sp. n. from Vietnam, Neognamptodon laticauda Tan & van Achterberg, sp. n. from China (Yunnan), Tamdaona brevizona van Achterberg, sp. n. and T. sculpturata van Achterberg, sp. n. from Vietnam. A key to the tribes and genera of the Gnamptodontinae are given, together with keys to species of Pseudognaptodon (Old World), Neognamptodon, and Tamdaona Belokobylskij, 1994.                The phylogeny and distribution of the Gnamptodontinae is discussed, Tamdaona Belokobylskij, is transferred from the Exothecinae to the Gnamptodontinae, and included in a new tribe, Tamdaonini van Achterberg, trib. n., together with Neognamptodon Belokobylskij. Gnamptodon novobritannicus Fischer, 1971, from Bismarck Archipelago is transferred to the latter genus (Neognamptodon novobritannicus (Fischer, 1971) comb. n.). Pseudognaptodon striatus Williams, 2004 (not P. striatus Braga & Penteado-Dias, 2002), is renamed P. williamsi van Achterberg, nom. n., and P. carinatus Williams, 2004 (not P. carinatus Cirelli & Penteado-Dias, 2002) is renamed P. carinatoides van Achterberg, nom. n. Tobiasnusa Papp, 2004, is a new synonym of Alysdacnusa Tobias & Perepetchayenko, 1995 (syn. n.) and Alysdacnusa atomus (Papp, 2004) is a new combination (comb. n.).
Baltic amber: A new Cacomorphocerus Schaufuss, 1892 with two specimens preserved in a single piece, and four new Malthodes Kiesenwetter, 1852
Authors: PARISI FRANCESCO , FANTI FABRIZIO
Published: May 2020

The Baltic amber has proven to be an incredible resource for the environmental and faunistic diversity of the Eocene and this is also evident from the vast amount of Cantharidae species (soldier beetles) described as inclusions in this resin and Fossil-Lagerstätte. The present work contributes to highlighting both this trend and the variety of forms in particular for the genus Malthodes Kiesenwetter, 1852 with four new species described and with the addition of a new species of Cacomorphocerus Schaufuss, 1892 with two specimens included in the same amber piece. The new forms, described and illustrated here, are: Cacomorphocerus obstinatus sp. nov., Malthodes giannii sp. nov., Malthodes immortalis sp. nov., Malthodes marialuisae sp. nov., and Malthodes unimol sp. nov.
PDO-Related Wintertime Atmospheric Anomalies over the Midlatitude North Pacific: Local versus Remote SST Forcing
Authors: Tao Lingfeng , Yang Xiu-Qun , Fang Jiabei , Sun Xuguang
Published: May 2020

Observed wintertime atmospheric anomalies over the central North Pacific associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) are characterized by a cold/trough (warm/ridge) structure, that is, an anomalous equivalent barotropic low (high) over a negative (positive) sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly. While the midlatitude atmosphere has its own strong internal variabilities, to what degree local SST anomalies can affect the midlatitude atmospheric variability remains unclear. To identify such an impact, three atmospheric general circulation model experiments each having a 63-yr-long simulation are conducted. The control run forced by observed global SST reproduces well the observed PDO-related cold/trough (warm/ridge) structure. However, the removal of the midlatitude North Pacific SST variabilities in the first sensitivity run reduces the atmospheric response by roughly one-third. In the second sensitivity run in which large-scale North Pacific SST variabilities are mostly kept, but their frontal-scale meridional gradients are sharply smoothed, simulated PDO-related cold/trough (warm/ridge) anomalies are also reduced by nearly one-third. Dynamical diagnoses exhibit that such a reduction is primarily due to the weakened transient eddy activities that are induced by weakened meridional SST gradient anomalies, in which the transient eddy vorticity forcing plays a crucial role. Therefore, it is suggested that midlatitude North Pacific SST anomalies make a considerable (approximately one-third) contribution to the observed PDO-related cold/trough (warm/ridge) anomalies in which the frontal-scale meridional SST gradient (oceanic front) is a key player, although most of those atmospheric anomalies are determined by the SST variabilities outside of the midlatitude North Pacific.
Synoptic Characteristics of 14-Day Extreme Precipitation Events across the United States
Authors: Jennrich Gregory C. , Furtado Jason C. , Basara Jeffrey B. , Martin Elinor R.
Published: May 2020

Although significant improvements have been made to the prediction and understanding of extreme precipitation events in recent decades, there is still much to learn about these impactful events on the subseasonal time scale. This study focuses on identifying synoptic patterns and precursors ahead of an extreme precipitation event over the contiguous United States (CONUS). First, we provide a robust definition for 14-day “extreme precipitation events” and partition the CONUS into six different geographic regions to compare and contrast the synoptic patterns associated with events in those regions. Then, several atmospheric variables from ERA-Interim (e.g., geopotential height and zonal winds) are composited to understand the evolution of the atmospheric state before and during a 14-day extreme precipitation event. Common synoptic signals seen during events include significant zonally oriented trough–ridge patterns, an energized subtropical jet stream, and enhanced moisture transport into the affected area. Also, atmospheric-river activity increases in the specific region during these events. Modes of climate variability and lagged composites are then investigated for their potential use in lead-time prediction. Key findings include synoptic-scale anomalies in the North Pacific Ocean and regional connections to modes such as the Pacific–North American pattern and the North Pacific Oscillation. Taken together, our results represent a significant step forward in understanding the evolution of 14-day extreme precipitation events for potential damage and casualty mitigation.
Dusty Atmospheric Rivers: Characteristics and Origins
Authors: Voss Kara K. , Evan Amato T. , Prather Kimbery A. , Ralph F. Martin
Published: May 2020

Atmospheric rivers (AR) are narrow bands of strong horizontal transport of water vapor in the midlatitudes that can cause extreme precipitation, which contributes to beneficial water supply and sometimes flooding. The precipitation productivity of an AR is affected by microphysical processes, including the influence of aerosols. Earlier case studies have shown that some ARs over the North Pacific Ocean contain dust from Africa and Asia that can strongly influence precipitation by acting as ice nuclei. This paper explores how commonly dust and ARs occur together, or in close proximity. A “dust score” is introduced to characterize the dustiness of the environment associated with ARs by using satellite-based observations. This method is applied to days on which one or more ARs made landfall along the west coast of the United States between 2001 and 2018. The dust score is used to describe the seasonality and year-to-year variability of dusty-environment ARs. Dusty ARs occur primarily in the early spring (March–April), and dust is preferentially found within the warm sector of AR-associated extratropical cyclones and is also enhanced in the cold sector. Year-to-year variability in dust score is dependent more on year-to-year variability in dust than on the frequency of AR days. This year-to-year variability is also strongly related to correlations between the frequency of ARs and the dustiness of the northeastern Pacific, motivating additional investigation into potential dynamical association between dust and ARs.
Mitigating the Impact of Azimuthal Sampling on the Strength of Radar-Observed Circulations
Authors: Nai Feng , Torres Sebastián , Curtis Christopher
Published: May 2020

Severe thunderstorms and their associated tornadoes pose significant threats to life and property, and using radar data to accurately measure the rotational velocity of circulations in thunderstorms is essential for appropriate, timely warnings. One key factor in accurately measuring circulation velocity is the azimuthal spacing between radar data points, which is referred to as the azimuthal sampling interval. Previous studies have shown that reducing the azimuthal sampling interval can aid in measuring circulation velocity; however, this comes at the price of increased computational complexity. Thus, choosing the best compromise requires knowledge of the relationship between the radar azimuthal sampling interval and the accuracy of the circulation strength as measured from the radar data. In this work, we use simulations to quantify the impact of azimuthal sampling on the strength of radar-observed circulations and show that the improvements get progressively smaller as the azimuthal sampling interval decreases. Thus, improved characterization of circulations can be achieved without using the finest possible sampling grid. We use real data to validate the results of the simulations, which can be used to inform the selection of an appropriate azimuthal sampling interval that balances the accuracy of the radar-observed circulations and computational complexity.
A 10-Year Radar-Based Climatology of Mesoscale Convective System Archetypes and Derechos in Poland
Authors: Surowiecki Artur , Taszarek Mateusz
Published: May 2020

In this study, a 10-yr (2008–17) radar-based mesoscale convective system (MCS) and derecho climatology for Poland is presented. This is one of the first attempts of a European country to investigate morphological and precipitation archetypes of MCSs as prior studies were mostly based on satellite data. Despite its ubiquity and significance for society, economy, agriculture, and water availability, little is known about the climatological aspects of MCSs over central Europe. Our results indicate that MCSs are not rare in Poland as an annual mean of 77 MCSs and 49 days with MCS can be depicted for Poland. Their lifetime ranges typically from 3 to 6 h, with initiation time around the afternoon hours (1200–1400 UTC) and dissipation stage in the evening (1900–2000 UTC). The most frequent morphological type of MCSs is a broken line (58% of cases), then areal/cluster (25%), and then quasi-linear convective systems (QLCS; 17%), which are usually associated with a bow echo (72% of QLCS). QLCS are the feature with the longest life cycle. Among precipitation archetypes of linear MCSs, trailing stratiform (73%) and parallel stratiform (25%) are the most common. MCSs are usually observed from April to September, with a peak in mid-July. A majority of MCSs travels from the west, southwest, and south sectors. A total of 16 derecho events were identified (1.5% of all MCS and 9.1% of all QLCS); the majority of them were produced by a warm-season QLCS, whereas only 4 were produced by cold-season narrow cold-frontal rainbands. Warm-season derechos produced a bigger impact than did cold-season events, even though their damage paths were shorter.