bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The lives of three rhinoceroses exhibited in London 1790–1814
Authors: Rookmaaker Kees , Gannon John , Monson Jim
Published: October 2015

The history of three living Indian rhinoceroses (Rhinoceros unicornis) exhibited at the Exeter ’Change and the adjoining Lyceum on the Strand in London is detailed. The animals were owned by three successive proprietors of the menagerie: Thomas Clark, Gilbert Pidcock and Stephen Polito. Clark's rhinoceros arrived on 5 June 1790 as a two-year-old from India, largely exhibited at the Lyceum, but shown at Windsor and Ascot races in June 1793 and elsewhere in England until his death in Cosham near Portsmouth (not Corsham) in July 1793. The skin was mounted, possibly bought by William Bullock and subsequently by the Royal Museum in Edinburgh. A painting by George Stubbs should show this animal, but a discrepancy in age and stature is discussed. Pidcock's rhinoceros was acquired in 1799, dying early in 1800 in Drury Lane, after acquisition by an agent of the German Emperor, Francis II. He is shown on token half-pennies issued by Pidcock, and sketched by artist Samuel Howitt. Polito's rhinoceros arrived in July 1810, toured England in 1811, and was sold to the continent in October 1814. Howitt incorporated this animal into his artwork.
The role of Franz Herbich (1791–1865) in the organization of research on the natural history of Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire)
Authors: Köhler Piotr
Published: October 2015

From 1825 until his death, the Austrian botanist Franz Herbich lived in Galicia (a province of the Austrian Empire), where he established an effective network of associates. Towards the end of his life, he planned to hand over this network to the future Galician Physiographical Society, which was to continue his research. In 1865, thanks to his initiative, the Academic Society of Kraków established a Physiographical Commission to conduct natural history studies, which were from 1866 funded by the Galician Parliament.

Austriacki botanik Franz Herbich od 1825 r. do swej śmierci mieszkał w Galicji (prowincji Cesarstwa Austriackiego). Zorganizował tam dobrze działającą sieć współpracowników. Pod koniec życia planował ją przekazać przyszłemu Galicyjskiemu Towarzystwa Fizjograficznemu, które kontynuowałoby jego badania. W 1865 r. dzięki jego inicjatywie Towarzystwo Naukowe Krakowskie zorganizowało Komisję Fizjograficzną, by prowadzić badania przyrodnicze. Badania te od 1866 r. były finansowane przez parlament galicyjski.
New Insights into the Biological Role of Mammalian ADARs; the RNA Editing Proteins
Authors: Mannion Niamh , Arieti Fabiana , Gallo Angela , Keegan Liam , O'Connell Mary
Published: October 2015

The ADAR proteins deaminate adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA which is one of the most abundant modifications present in mammalian RNA. Inosine can have a profound effect on the RNAs that are edited, not only changing the base-pairing properties, but can also result in recoding, as inosine behaves as if it were guanosine. In mammals there are three ADAR proteins and two ADAR-related proteins (ADAD) expressed. All have a very similar modular structure; however, both their expression and biological function differ significantly. Only two of the ADAR proteins have enzymatic activity. However, both ADAR and ADAD proteins possess the ability to bind double-strand RNA. Mutations in ADARs have been associated with many diseases ranging from cancer, innate immunity to neurological disorders. Here, we will discuss in detail the domain structure of mammalian ADARs, the effects of RNA editing, and the role of ADARs in human diseases.
RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of miRNA Activity: A Focus on Neuronal Functions
Authors: Loffreda Alessia , Rigamonti Aurora , Barabino Silvia , Lenzken Silvia
Published: October 2015

Posttranscriptional modifications of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are key processes in the fine-tuning of cellular homeostasis. Two major actors in this scenario are RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that together play important roles in the biogenesis, turnover, translation and localization of mRNAs. This review will highlight recent advances in the understanding of the role of RBPs in the regulation of the maturation and the function of miRNAs. The interplay between miRNAs and RBPs is discussed specifically in the context of neuronal development and function.
Quantum Secure Direct Communication Based on Dense Coding and Detecting Eavesdropping with Four-Particle Genuine Entangled State
Authors: Li Jian , Pan Zeshi , Sun Fengqi , Chen Yanhua , Wang Zheng , Shi Zuozhi
Published: October 2015

A novel quantum secure direct communication protocol based on four-particle genuine entangled state and quantum dense coding is proposed. In this protocol, the four-particle genuine entangled state is used to detect eavesdroppers, and quantum dense coding is used to encode the message. Finally, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. During the security analysis, the method of entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively by comparing the relationship between the maximal information that the eavesdroppers (Eve) can obtain, and the probability of being detected. Through the analysis we can state that our scheme is feasible and secure.
Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Cabbage with Minimized Pesticide Residues in Southern Benin
Authors: Vidogbéna Faustin , Adégbidi Anselme , Tossou Rigobert , Assogba-Komlan Françoise , Martin Thibaut , Ngouajio Mathieu , Simon Serge , Parrot Laurent , Zander Kerstin
Published: October 2015

Cabbage (Brassicaceae) is one of the most frequently consumed exotic vegetables in Benin and also the most affected by insects. To meet growing food demand, farmers rely heavily on synthetic pesticides that are harmful for themselves, consumers and the environment. Integrated pest management has been proposed as the means to improve vegetable productivity and quality in many developing countries. One approach is to substitute pesticides with physical barriers to insects, like nets. Here, we assess consumers’ perceptions about cabbage and their purchasing behavior towards cabbage that was produced using these nets in two major cities in Benin. Results indicate that consumers are aware of the health risks associated with intensive use of pesticides but were not able to recognize the quality difference between cabbage produced under nets from those using pesticides. All consumers were willing to pay a price premium for cabbage with minimized pesticides residues compared with conventionally produced cabbage, the average premium being 38%. Women, older, highly educated consumers and those able to distinguish cabbage qualities were willing to pay the most. We suggest that farmers will obtain higher prices if their production of cabbage with preferred characteristics is accompanied by an improved marketing strategy.
Impact of a Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak on Young Lodgepole Pine Stands in Central British Columbia
Authors: Dhar Amalesh , Balliet Nicole , Runzer Kyle , Hawkins Christopher
Published: October 2015

The current mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonous ponderosae Hopkins) epidemic has severely affected pine forests of Western Canada and killed millions of hectares of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) forest. Generally, MPB attack larger and older (diameter > 20 cm or >60 years of age) trees, but the current epidemic extends this limit with attacks on even younger and smaller trees. The study’s aim was to investigate the extent of MPB attack in young pine stands and its possible impact on stand dynamics. Although MPB attacks were observed in trees as small as 7.5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) and as young as 13 years old, the degree of MPB attack (percent stems ha−1) increased with increasing tree diameter and age class (13–20, 21–40, 41–60, and 61–80 years old) (6.4%, 49.4%, 62.6%, and 69.5% attack, respectively, by age class) which is greater than that reported from previous epidemics for stands of this age. The mean density of surviving residual structure varied widely among age classes and ecological subzones. Depending on age class, 65% to 77% of the attacked stands could contribute to mid-term timber supply. The surviving residual structure of young stands offers an opportunity to mitigate the effects of MPB-attack on future timber supply, increase age class diversity, and enhance ecological resilience in younger stands.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Coated Poly(l-Lactic Acid) Fibers and Their Braided Rope
Authors: Furuike Tetsuya , Nagahama Hideaki , Chaochai Thitirat , Tamura Hiroshi
Published: October 2015

Novel chitosan (CS)-coated poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA) fibers (CS–PLA) were prepared by reaction of an alkali and CS under heat treatment without a chemical binder. These treatments induced hydrolysis on the PLA surface, formation of ionic bonds between the carboxyl groups of the PLA surface and the amino groups of CS, and dehydration between the carboxyls and amines. The prepared fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and mechanical strength tests. The presence of CS on the fiber surface was observed by the visual test of CS–PLA with amido black 10B and confirmed by the amine ratio obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The coating thickness of CS on the surface of the PLA fibers was approximately 28 nm, as determined from calculations based on the results of Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis and elemental analysis. The degradation properties of CS–PLA were also investigated. These properties were apparently enhanced by hydrophilicity resulting from the CS-coating treatment. Furthermore, braided ropes prepared using CS–PLA became tight with increasing number of core ropes. Results indicate that the objective tensile strength and flexibility of the braided rope could be controlled by adjusting the number of core fibers.
Noise in the Sea and Its Impacts on Marine Organisms
Authors: Peng Chao , Zhao Xinguo , Liu Guangxu
Published: October 2015

With the growing utilization and exploration of the ocean, anthropogenic noise increases significantly and gives rise to a new kind of pollution: noise pollution. In this review, the source and the characteristics of noise in the sea, the significance of sound to marine organisms, and the impacts of noise on marine organisms are summarized. In general, the studies about the impact of noise on marine organisms are mainly on adult fish and mammals, which account for more than 50% and 20% of all the cases reported. Studies showed that anthropogenic noise can cause auditory masking, leading to cochlear damage, changes in individual and social behavior, altered metabolisms, hampered population recruitment, and can subsequently affect the health and service functions of marine ecosystems. However, since different sampling methodologies and unstandarized measurements were used and the effects of noise on marine organisms are dependent on the characteristics of the species and noise investigated, it is difficult to compare the reported results. Moreover, the scarcity of studies carried out with other species and with larval or juvenile individuals severely constrains the present understanding of noise pollution. In addition, further studies are needed to reveal in detail the causes for the detected impacts.
Construction of Specific Primers for Rapid Detection of South African Exportable Vegetable Macergens
Authors: Aremu Bukola , Babalola Olubukola
Published: October 2015

Macergens are bacteria causing great damages to the parenchymatous tissues of vegetable both on the field and in transit. To effectively and rapidly investigate the diversity and distribution of these macergens, four specific primers were designed by retrieving 16S rDNA sequences of pectolytic bacteria from GenBank through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). These were aligned using ClusterW via BioEdit and primers were designed using Primer3Plus platform. The size and primer location of each species and PCR product size were accurately defined. For specificity enhancement, DNA template of known macergens (Pectobacterium chrysanthermi) and fresh healthy vegetable were used. These primers yielded expected size of approximately 1100 bp product only when tested with known macergens and no amplicon with fresh healthy vegetable was detected. Rapid detection of macergens in rotten vegetable samples was then carried out using these primers. Nucleotide sequences of macergens identified were deposited into the GenBank and were assigned accession numbers. Hence, with these specific primers, macergens can be identified with minimal quantities of the vegetable tissues using molecular techniques, for future use of the quarantine section of the Agricultural Department of the country for quick and rapid detection of macergens before exportation.
Mutagenic Effects of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Biological Cells
Authors: Dissanayake Niluka , Current Kelley , Obare Sherine
Published: October 2015

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the design and use of iron oxide materials with nanoscale dimensions for magnetic, catalytic, biomedical, and electronic applications. The increased manufacture and use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in consumer products as well as industrial processes is expected to lead to the unintentional release of IONPs into the environment. The impact of IONPs on the environment and on biological species is not well understood but remains a concern due to the increased chemical reactivity of nanoparticles relative to their bulk counterparts. This review article describes the impact of IONPs on cellular genetic components. The mutagenic impact of IONPs may damage an organism’s ability to develop or reproduce. To date, there has been experimental evidence of IONPs having mutagenic interactions on human cell lines including lymphoblastoids, fibroblasts, microvascular endothelial cells, bone marrow cells, lung epithelial cells, alveolar type II like epithelial cells, bronchial fibroblasts, skin epithelial cells, hepatocytes, cerebral endothelial cells, fibrosarcoma cells, breast carcinoma cells, lung carcinoma cells, and cervix carcinoma cells. Other cell lines including the Chinese hamster ovary cells, mouse fibroblast cells, murine fibroblast cells, Mytilus galloprovincialis sperm cells, mice lung cells, murine alveolar macrophages, mice hepatic and renal tissue cells, and vero cells have also shown mutagenic effects upon exposure to IONPs. We further show the influence of IONPs on microorganisms in the presence and absence of dissolved organic carbon. The results shed light on the OPEN ACCESS Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16 23483 transformations IONPs undergo in the environment and the nature of the potential mutagenic impact on biological cells.
A Large-Scale Analysis of the Relationship of Synonymous SNPs Changing MicroRNA Regulation with Functionality and Disease
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Qiu Chengxiang , Cui Qinghua
Published: October 2015

Historically, owing to not changing amino acid composition of protein sequences, synonymous mutations are commonly assumed to be neutral during evolution and therefore have no effect on the phenotype and disease. Here, based on observations from large-scale analysis of genomic data, we predicted the putative synonymous SNPs that could result in functional consequences and disease risk through changing the microRNA-mediated gene regulation. We found that nearly half of the synonymous SNPs could affect protein expression by changing microRNA regulation in human genome and these SNPs significantly prefer to be associated with human diseases and traits. The synonymous SNPs changing microRNA-mediated gene regulation tend to be more under recent positive selection, prefer to affect gene expression, and implicate in human disease. We conclude that the miRNA-mediated regulation changes could be a potential mechanism for the contributions of synonymous SNPs to protein functions and disease risks.
Cancer Metabolism and Drug Resistance
Authors: Rahman Mahbuba , Hasan Mohammad
Published: October 2015

Metabolic alterations, driven by genetic and epigenetic factors, have long been known to be associated with the etiology of cancer. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggest that cancer metabolism is intimately linked to drug resistance, which is currently one of the most important challenges in cancer treatment. Altered metabolic pathways help cancer cells to proliferate at a rate higher than normal, adapt to nutrient limited conditions, and develop drug resistance phenotypes. Application of systems biology, boosted by recent advancement of novel high-throughput technologies to obtain cancer-associated, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data, is expected to make a significant contribution to our understanding of metabolic properties related to malignancy. Indeed, despite being at a very early stage, quantitative data obtained from the omics platforms and through applications of 13C metabolic flux analysis (MFA) in in vitro studies, researchers have already began to gain insight into the complex metabolic mechanisms of cancer, paving the way for selection of molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss some of the major findings associated with the metabolic pathways in cancer cells and also discuss new evidences and achievements on specific metabolic enzyme targets and target-directed small molecules that can potentially be used as anti-cancer drugs.
Brown Coal Dewatering Using Poly (Acrylamide-Co-Potassium Acrylic) Based Super Absorbent Polymers
Authors: Devasahayam Sheila , Ameen M. , Verheyen T. , Bandyopadhyay Sri
Published: October 2015

With the rising cost of energy and fuel oils, clean coal technologies will continue to play an important role during the transition to a clean energy future. Victorian brown coals have high oxygen and moisture contents and hence low calorific value. This paper presents an alternative non evaporative drying technology for high moisture brown coals based on osmotic dewatering. This involves contacting and mixing brown coal with anionic super absorbent polymers (SAP) which are highly crossed linked synthetic co-polymers based on a cross-linked copolymer of acryl amide and potassium acrylate. The paper focuses on evaluating the water absorption potential of SAP in contact with 61% moisture Loy Yang brown coal, under varying SAP dosages for different contact times and conditions. The amount of water present in Loy Yang coal was reduced by approximately 57% during four hours of SAP contact. The extent of SAP brown coal drying is directly proportional to the SAP/coal weight ratio. It is observed that moisture content of fine brown coal can readily be reduced from about 59% to 38% in four hours at a 20% SAP/coal ratio.
An Upscaling Algorithm to Obtain the Representative Ground Truth of LAI Time Series in Heterogeneous Land Surface
Authors: Shi Yuechan , Wang Jindi , Qin Jun , Qu Yonghua
Published: October 2015

Upscaling in situ leaf area index (LAI) measurements to the footprint scale is important for the validation of medium resolution remote sensing products. However, surface heterogeneity and temporal variation of vegetation make this difficult. In this study, a two-step upscaling algorithm was developed to obtain the representative ground truth of LAI time series in heterogeneous surfaces based on in situ LAI data measured by the wireless sensor network (WSN) observation system. Since heterogeneity within a site usually arises from the mixture of vegetation and non-vegetation surfaces, the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation and land cover types were separately considered. Representative LAI time series of vegetation surfaces were obtained by upscaling in situ measurements using an optimal weighted combination method, incorporating the expectation maximum (EM) algorithm to derive the weights. The ground truth of LAI over the whole site could then be determined using area weighted combination of representative LAIs of different land cover types. The algorithm was evaluated using a dataset collected in Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWater) experiment. The proposed algorithm can effectively obtain the representative ground truth of LAI time series in heterogeneous cropland areas. Using the normal method of an average LAI measurement to represent the heterogeneous surface produced a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.69, whereas the proposed algorithm provided RMSE = 0.032 using 23 sampling points. The proposed ground truth derived method was implemented to validate four major LAI products.
Deriving Snow Cover Metrics for Alaska from MODIS
Authors: Lindsay Chuck , Zhu Jiang , Miller Amy , Kirchner Peter , Wilson Tammy
Published: October 2015

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily snow cover products provide an opportunity for determining snow onset and melt dates across broad geographic regions; however, cloud cover and polar darkness are limiting factors at higher latitudes. This study presents snow onset and melt dates for Alaska, portions of western Canada and the Russian Far East derived from Terra MODIS snow cover daily 500 m grid data (MOD10A1) and evaluates our method for filling data gaps caused by clouds or polar darkness. Pixels classified as cloud or no data were reclassified by: spatial filtering using neighboring pixel values; temporal filtering using pixel values for days before/after cloud cover; and snow-cycle filtering based on a time series assessment of a pixel’s position within snow accumulation, cover or melt periods. During the 2012 snow year, these gap-filling methods reduced cloud pixels from 27.7% to 3.1%. A total of 12 metrics (e.g., date of first and last snow, date of persistent snow cover and periods of intermittence) for each pixel were calculated by snow year. A comparison of MODIS-derived snow onset and melt dates with in situ observations from 244 weather stations generally showed an early bias in MODIS-derived dates and an effect of increasing cloudiness exacerbating bias. Our results show that mean regional duration of seasonal snow cover is 179–311 days/year and that snow cover is often intermittent, with 41% of the area experiencing ≥2 snow-covered periods during a snow season. Other regional-scale patterns in the timing of snow onset and melt are evident in the yearly 500 m gridded products publically available at http://static.gina.alaska.edu/NPS_products/MODIS_snow/.
Fully Integrated Biopotential Acquisition Analog Front-End IC
Authors: Song Haryong , Park Yunjong , Kim Hyungseup , Ko Hyoungho
Published: October 2015

A biopotential acquisition analog front-end (AFE) integrated circuit (IC) is presented. The biopotential AFE includes a capacitively coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) to achieve low input referred noise (IRN) and to block unwanted DC potential signals. A DC servo loop (DSL) is designed to minimize the offset voltage in the chopper amplifier and low frequency respiration artifacts. An AC coupled ripple rejection loop (RRL) is employed to reduce ripple due to chopper stabilization. A capacitive impedance boosting loop (CIBL) is designed to enhance the input impedance and common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) without additional power consumption, even under an external electrode mismatch. The AFE IC consists of two-stage CCIA that include three compensation loops (DSL, RRL, and CIBL) at each CCIA stage. The biopotential AFE is fabricated using a 0.18 μm one polysilicon and six metal layers (1P6M) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The core chip size of the AFE without input/output (I/O) pads is 10.5 mm2. A fourth-order band-pass filter (BPF) with a pass-band in the band-width from 1 Hz to 100 Hz was integrated to attenuate unwanted signal and noise. The overall gain and band-width are reconfigurable by using programmable capacitors. The IRN is measured to be 0.94 μVRMS in the pass band. The maximum amplifying gain of the pass-band was measured as 71.9 dB. The CIBL enhances the CMRR from 57.9 dB to 67 dB at 60 Hz under electrode mismatch conditions.
Development of a Cost-Effective Airborne Remote Sensing System for Coastal Monitoring
Authors: Kim Duk-jin , Jung Jungkyo , Kang Ki-mook , Kim Seung , Xu Zhen , Hensley Scott , Swan Aaron , Duersch Michael
Published: October 2015

Coastal lands and nearshore marine areas are productive and rapidly changing places. However, these areas face many environmental challenges related to climate change and human-induced impacts. Space-borne remote sensing systems may be restricted in monitoring these areas because of their spatial and temporal resolutions. In situ measurements are also constrained from accessing the area and obtaining wide-coverage data. In these respects, airborne remote sensing sensors could be the most appropriate tools for monitoring these coastal areas. In this study, a cost-effective airborne remote sensing system with synthetic aperture radar and thermal infrared sensors was implemented to survey coastal areas. Calibration techniques and geophysical model algorithms were developed for the airborne system to observe the topography of intertidal flats, coastal sea surface current, sea surface temperature, and submarine groundwater discharge.
Does Laser Surgery Interfere with Optical Nerve Identification in Maxillofacial Hard and Soft Tissue?—An Experimental Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Bergauer Bastian , Knipfer Christian , Amann Andreas , Rohde Maximilian , Tangermann-Gerk Katja , Adler Werner , Schmidt Michael , Nkenke Emeka , Stelzle Florian
Published: October 2015

The protection of sensitive structures (e.g., nerves) from iatrogenic damage is of major importance when performing laser surgical procedures. Especially in the head and neck area both function and esthetics can be affected to a great extent. Despite its many benefits, the surgical utilization of a laser is therefore still limited to superficial tissue ablation. A remote feedback system which guides the laser in a tissue-specific way would provide a remedy. In this context, it has been shown that nerval structures can be specifically recognized by their optical diffuse reflectance spectra both before and after laser ablation. However, for a translation of these findings to the actual laser ablation process, a nerve protection within the laser pulse is of utmost significance. Thus, it was the aim of the study to evaluate, if the process of Er:YAG laser surgery—which comes with spray water cooling, angulation of the probe (60°) and optical process emissions—interferes with optical tissue differentiation. For the first time, no stable conditions but the ongoing process of laser tissue ablation was examined. Therefore, six different tissue types (nerve, skin, muscle, fat, cortical and cancellous bone) were acquired from 15 pig heads. Measurements were performed during Er:YAG laser ablation. Diffuse reflectance spectra (4500, wavelength range: 350–650 nm) where acquired. Principal component analysis (PCA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) were calculated for classification purposes. The clinical highly relevant differentiation between nerve and bone was performed correctly with an AUC of 95.3% (cortial bone) respectively 92.4% (cancellous bone). The identification of nerve tissue against the biological very similar fat tissue yielded good results with an AUC value of 83.4% (sensitivity: 72.3%, specificity: of 82.3%). This clearly demonstrates that nerve identification by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy works reliably in the ongoing process of laser ablation in spite of the laser beam, spray water cooling and the tissue alterations entailed by tissue laser ablation. This is an essential step towards a clinical utilization.
Current State of Developmental Neurotoxicology Research
Authors: Wallace David
Published: October 2015

We have been witness to significant research advances in areas such as neuroscience, neurodegeneration, cancer therapy, etc., yet, investigation in developmental neurotoxicology (DNT) has fallen behind [1]. [...]
Le village protohistorique du quartier de l'Ile à Martigues (B.-du-Rh.). Urbanisme et architecture de la phase primitive (Vème-IIIème s. av. J.-C). I - Urbanisme et fortification.
Authors: Chausserie-Laprée Jean , Nin Núria , Domallain Luc
Published: October 2015

L'Ile de Martigues est située au milieu du chenal de Caronte reliant l'étang de Berre à la mer. C'est un lieu de passage obligé pour la voie empruntant la rive ouest de l'étang. Malgré une topographie peu propice (le relief ne dépasse pas une altitude de 3 m NGF), un habitat s'y implante au début du Vème s. av. n. è.

Six années de recherches intensives déterminées par la reconstruction des vieux quartiers, permettent l'étude de structures architecturales et domestiques particulièrement bien conservées. Cette première publication présente les phases chronologiques reconnues (du Vème au tout début du Ier s. av. n. è.) et se consacre à l'analyse de l'organisation de l'habitat ancien entre le Vème et IIIème s. (division et agencement de l'espace en îlots ; rues ;....), ainsi qu'aux technologies employées (pierres, terre et bois). Les hypothèses formulées pour les élévations conduisent à des restitutions graphiques.

Cette agglomération, d'une superficie sans doute inférieure à 2500 m2, est protégée par une fortification dont l'angle nord- ouest est dégagé. La portion d'enceinte, suivie sur 51 m, comporte une courtine et deux tours de forme circulaire à plusieurs parements.
Stratigraphie du Marduel (Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard). II - Les niveaux du Vème s. ap. J. -C. sur le chantier central.
Authors: Raynaud Claude
Published: October 2015

The stratigraphy of Marduel (Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard). II - The levels of the fifth century A.D. in the central sector.

The Iron Age hill-fort of Marduel was abandoned at the beginning of the Christian era and reoccupied at the end of Antiquity. The levels excavated yielded a homogeneous material belonging to the first half of the fifth century A.D. The chronological analysis of this assemblage relies on the existence of documents barely studied to date : Middle-Eastern amphoras. The study also augments our knowledge of local ceramics, which are predominant.

In addition, the article underlines the problems posed by the re-appearance of settlements on hilltops in Eastern Languedoc during late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.
Une peinture murale sur l'oppidum de Vié-Cioutat à Mons-Monteils (Gard)
Authors: Sabrié Maryse , Sabrié Raymond , Dedet Bernard
Published: October 2015

A roman mural painting at the hill-fort of Vié-Cioutat, in Mons-Monteils (Gard).

Particularly favorable burial circumstances preserved a mural painting in a room of a house set against the rampart. The discovery is presented in its architectural and stratigraphie context, which date it between the extreme end of the first century B.C. and the middle of the fallowing century. The description of the motives and the analysis of the components are accompanied by observations about the layout of the decoration. Stylistic study enables the painting to be classed in the third pompeian style.
Les dérivées-des-sigillées paléochrétiennes. Exportations et influences entre le groupe provençal et le groupe languedocien
Authors: Rigoir Yves , Rigoir Jacqueline , Rivet Lucien , Proust Jean
Published: October 2015

Plusieurs fouilles méridionales récentes (à Aix-en-Provence, à Saint- Julien-lès-Martigues) ont apporté, entre autres, des éléments nouveaux sur les céramiques dites Dérivées-des-Sigillées paléochrétiennes. Associés à des documents déjà connus (Arles, Saint-Blaise, Pélissanne, Marseille,...), ils permettent la mise en évidence de relations commerciales entre le Languedoc occidental et la Provence aux IVème et Vème de n.è.

Grâce à une caractérisation du style et des poinçons languedociens (dont l'intérêt de l'étude est ainsi pleinement démontré), plusieurs céramiques originaires de l'Aude sont individualisées à Aix-en-Provence et un ensemble de "style languedocien" est reconnu à Saint-Julien où la présence d'un atelier de potiers est envisagée.
Le problème de l'origine des amphores massaliètes. Comparaison pétrographique et minéralogique de tessons venant des sites d'Olbia et d'Espeyran, des ateliers marseillais de la Butte des Carmes et de Velaux [L'origine des amphores massaliètes (I)]
Authors: Ricq-de Bouard Monique , Dubar Michel
Published: October 2015

Les auteurs posent d'emblée la question qui conditionne l'orientation de leur démarche : les amphores massaliètes à pâte micacée proviennent-elles d'une même zone de production et si oui, celle-ci peut-elle être celle de Marseille ?

Les analyses pétrographiques et la recherche des minéraux lourds portent sur l'échantillonnage de deux sites de consommation, ainsi que sur deux ateliers tardifs de Marseille et de sa région. La nature et la morphologie des constituants minéraux amènent les auteurs à considérer que les amphores sont très semblables entre elles, et qu'elles sont fabriquées avec une argile carbonatée à laquelle est ajouté un dégraissant sous forme de micaschistes broyés. Les convergences constatées avec les rebuts des fours de la Butte des Carmes rendent hautement probable l'hypothèse d'une production en une zone unique qui serait celle du bassin de Marseille.
A propos de l'origine des amphores massaliètes : méthodes et résultats [L'origine des amphores massaliètes (I)]
Authors: Picon Maurice
Published: October 2015

Cet article consacré au problème de l'origine des amphores massaliètes est en même temps une mise au point méthodologique en réponse aux travaux de J.-Cl. Echallier sur le même sujet, parus dans le tome 5.

Après une large introduction critique sur les méthodes employées, M. Picon va s'efforcer de cerner la région la plus probable pour localiser les ateliers de fabrication. Pour ce faire, l'auteur a constitué deux échantillonnages de référence (Butte des Carmes à Marseille ; sites de consommation), complétés par d'autres (céramiques antiques et médiévales de Provence, et de Languedoc oriental ; prélèvements d'argile de ces mêmes régions). A partir d'analyses par fluorescence X sur 20 constituants, de leur comparaison et du calcul de leur ressemblance, l'auteur arrive à la conclusion qu'il faut considérer la quasi- totalité des amphores massaliètes comme originaires du bassin de Marseille.
Etude des paléo-semences de deux fosses-silos du Premier Age du fer à L'Arriasse, Vic-le-Fesq (Gard).
Authors: Marinval Philippe
Published: October 2015

Des fosses, datées du début du Premier Ager du fer, ont fourni un ensemble de paléosemences identifiées par Ph. Marinval. Des espèces cultivées (orge, blé, millet) sont accompagnées de plantes adventices et d'espèces cueillies (glands). Le Millet italien (Setaria italica) est, pour la première fois, identifié en Languedoc.
Mobilier d'une tombe du Premier Age du fer au lieu-dit Les Faïsses à Mourèze (Hérault)
Authors: Garcia Dominique , Orliac Daniel
Published: October 2015

La tombe, anciennement connue, n'avait jamais fait l'objet d'une publication d'ensemble. Cette sépulture à incinération, datable de la première moitié du VIème s. av. J.-C, se rattache au groupe du Languedoc occidental. Elle fournit un mobilier métallique intéressant pour ses associations (fibule, bracelets, bassin en tôle de bronze).
Aménagements de cuisson du VIème s. av. n. è. à Saint-Blaise (Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts, B.-du-Rh.).
Authors: Arcelin Patrice , Rigoir Jacqueline , Rigoir Yves
Published: October 2015

Cooking structures dating of the sixth century B. C. found at Saint-Blaise, in Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts (B.-du-Rh.).

Two structures for the use of cooking were discovered on a house floor, well dated of the second and third quarter of the sixth century B. C. One is a dome - shopped oven and the other one an earthen perforated grill, types known in other sites of Southern Gaul. The objects are interesting because of their relatively ancient date, and also on account of they being associated together (perhaps are they related ?).
Un atelier de potiers sur la commune de Lorgues (Var)
Authors: Pasqualini Michel
Published: October 2015

Cette étude découle d'un ramassage effectué à Lorgues (Var), il y a vingt ans, après l'arrachage de vignes, sur l'emplacement d'un four de potiers. Les céramiques communes individualisées ont eu une diffusion importante dans un large rayon autour de l'atelier : dans la basse vallée de l'Argens, et sur la côte entre Toulon et Vintimille. On les retrouve en grande quantité dans les fouilles de sites ruraux et urbains entre le Ier et le IIIème s. de n.è.
Pollenanalyse des sédiments du comblement de la corne du port antique de Marseille
Authors: Triat-Laval Hélène
Published: October 2015

Les analyses polliniques concernent des niveaux de la première moitié du Vème s. de n.è., dans le port antique de Marseille. Cette première étude montre la relative continuité du paysage (déforesté) et des activités agricoles (céréales, vignes) qui sont ceux de l'époque préromaine.
Stratigraphie du Marduel (Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard). III - Les niveaux des IIème et Ier s. av. n. è. sur le Chantier Central
Authors: Py Michel , Lebeaupin Denis , Bessac Jean-Claude , de Chazelles Claire-Anne , Duday Henri
Published: October 2015

The stratigraphy of Marduel (Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard) III - The levels of the 2nd and 1st cent. B.C. in the "Central Sector".

After the publication of the general chronology established from preliminary test excavations (see volume 5, 1982, p. 5-32) and of the Late Antiquity occupation (see volume 7, 1984, p. 111-119), this third article begins the systematic publication of the prehistoric material from the main excavation (from the turn of the Christian era to the Late Bronze Age).

The autors analyse the stratigraphical and architectural data, and then the material according to chronological patterns. Several houses are studied from a morphological and technological point of view (chapters debate of techniques employed in the use of stone, earth...). The same method is applied for the study of the neighbouring streets and the section of the archaic rampart.
La datation de la partie centrale du rempart méridional d'Emporion (L'Escala, Alt Empordà, Catalogne)
Authors: Sanmarti Enric , Nolla Josep Maria
Published: October 2015

Le rempart méridional de la ville gréco-romaine d'Emporion (en Catalogne) a été découvert en 1908. Il n'a cependant jamais fait l'objet d'une étude poussée tant sur le plan architectural que chronologique. Plusieurs sondages réalisés lors de son dégagement initial ou par M. Almagro en 1947 n'avaient pas permis de situer d'une manière satisfaisante cet ouvrage dans le temps. Les datations avancées par différents auteurs varient entre la fin du VIème s. et le courant du IIIème s. av. J.-C. !

Les recherches stratigraphiques faites en 1985 autour de la tour occidentale autorisent une première analyse des techniques de construction ainsi que celle des mobiliers contenus dans les tranchées de fondation ou les terres avoisinantes. Les dates précédemment énoncées doivent être sérieusement rajeunies et ramenées après l'année du débarquement de Caton l'Ancien.

Cette étude s'insère dans un processus de réexamen critique des fortifications de l'agglomération antique.
Un atelier de potiers du Ier siècle de notre ère à Mandelieu (A.-M.)
Authors: Rivet Lucien
Published: October 2015

Une fouille d'urgence menée sur une villa romaine des Alpes-Maritimes a permis, entre autres, la découverte de nombreux surcuits céramiques. L'analyse du contexte et du milieu naturel permettent de concevoir une production locale. Quatre catégories de fabrication sont définies (céramiques communes à pâte claire ou sombre ; petites amphores ; tuiles). Cet atelier devait être destiné pour l'essentiel à la confection des petites amphores répondant aux besoins économiques de la villa (ou de plusieurs ?) ; il a produit durant un bref laps de temps que l'on situera vers le milieu du Ier s. de n. è.
Une inscription peinte avec date consulaire sur une amphore Dressel 1 B de l'oppidum de Burriac (Cabrera de Mar, Barcelone).
Authors: Casanovas Miró Jordi
Published: October 2015

Trois amphores de type Dressel 1B découvertes parmi le mobilier d'un silo du site de Burriac (Catalogne) portent des traces d'inscriptions peintes sur le col. L'une d'entres elles a pu être lue : elle donne les noms de deux consuls en 90 av. J.-C. Venant s'ajouter à d'autres, cette inscription permet de confirmer la date d'apparition de ce type d'amphore, très probablement à l'extrême fin du IIème s. av. J.-C.
Le village protohistorique du quartier de l'Ile à Martigues (B.-du-Rh.). Urbanisme et architecture de la phase primitive (début Vème - début IIème s. av. J.-C). II - Données nouvelles sur l'urbanisme et architecture domestique.
Authors: Chausserie-Laprée Jean , Nin Núria , Boissinot Philippe
Published: October 2015

The prehistoric village of "L"Ile" at Martigues (R-du-Rb.). Town planning and architecture of the primitive phase (early 5tb to early 2nd century B.C.) II - New data on urbanism and domestic architecture.

Since the first survey undertaken in 1978 inside the contemporary houses vowed to destruction, up to the extensive excavations conducted recently, the archaeological exploration in the quarter of "L'Ile" at Martigues has brought to light large sections of several successive urbanized and fortified settlements. The most ancient was established at the beginning of the 5th century B.C. The authors present the result of their search in the first village, several times destroyed and reconstructed on the same emplacement, causing transformations that modified the deeper structures, towards the beginning of the 2nd century B.C.

After a first presentation of the site, of the stratigraphy, of the preliminary characteristics of urbanization and fortification (article published in volume 7, 1984, pp. 27-52), this second study exposes the settlement 's main phases of evolution. The recent excavations confirm the first conclusions concerning the urbanization of the village (spacial organisation of blocks, streets, public space, ...). The second part of the article is a detailed, methodical analysis of the specific features proper to domestic dwellings, and to their evolution and permanency from one period to the other. A last large chapter involves all the aspects of construction of the clusters and individual houses, from the topographical inplantation of the dwellings to their ultimate finishing details, including a rigourous summary of the techniques of construction practised (stone, earth, wood).
Le "Couloir des Eissartènes" (Le Val, Var). Recherches 1982-1986
Authors: Acovitsioti-Hameau Ada , Hameau Philippe , Vila Emmanuelle , Bontemps Alain
Published: October 2015

Le site dit "Couloir des Eissartènes" dans le Var a été occupé de manière continue à l'extrême fin de l'Age du Bronze et au premier Age du Fer, épisodiquement entre le IIème s. de n. è. et le Haut Moyen Age, ponctuellement durant la première moitié du XVIIème s. La compréhension de ces phases d'occupation n'a été rendue possible que grâce à la fouille d'un dépotoir situé au pied du plateau qui porte l'habitat. Ce massif, balayé par les vents et aujourd'hui très érodé, a restitué des indices de structures du premier Age du Fer ainsi que ceux d'un remaniement du site au début de l'ère chrétienne.
La Monédière à Bessan (Hérault). Le bilan des recherches
Authors: Nickels André
Published: October 2015

Cette étude est le bilan complet des recherches pratiquées de 1972 à 1974 sur le site de La Monédière. L'article analyse méthodiquement, par grandes phases, toutes les données du terrain, des stratigraphies aux mobiliers archéologiques, en prenant soin de clairement distinguer les sondages exécutés dans des secteurs non bouleversés de ceux réalisés dans des zones partiellement remaniées. Une partie des fouilles déjà publiées (maisons à abside, fosse à offrandes) fait l'objet de brefs résumés. Une abondante ilustration graphique et des tableaux d'inventaire statistique livrent aux chercheurs l'essentiel de la documentation sur ce site indigène établi peu après les débuts du VIe s. av. J.-C. Les relations établies entre populations locales et navigateurs phocéens qui s'implantent au même moment à 6 km de là (à Agde) sont clairement posées.

L'apparition d'un habitat de type grec sur le site, dans le dernier tiers du siècle, est interprétée par l'auteur comme le résultat d'une tentative d'implantation coloniale en milieu indigène. Ce mouvement demeure sans suite après le début du Ve s., période où réapparaissent des constructions de techniques plus primitives. L'occupation de La Monédière est très limitée après la fin du Ve s.
L'abri B des Eissartènes (Le Val, Var). Occupation et gravures post-glaciaires du site.
Authors: Acovitsioti-Hameau Ada , Hameau Philippe , Bontemps Alain , Olive Claude , Veyssière Frédéric
Published: October 2015

Shelter B is situated in the cliff of Eissartènes, under a slightly overhanging rock so that it is not very deep. The collapse of blocks that were above it has allowed a stratified accumulation of sediments, thus slightly enlarging the usable surface area of the place. The archaeological context shows the site to have been used several times from Late Bronze II until the first beginning of the Roman Empire. Studies on the material, the sediments and the bones allow to define the nature of the occupations and the periods of abandonment : camp site and secondary burying place in the late Bronze Age, pastoral activities and crafts in a temporary camp (shepherds, hunters) at the very end of the Bronze Age and early in the Iron Age, organised pastoral activities in an enclosed and covered space (goats ans sheep) in the Ist c. B.C. The ultimate sheepfold will be destroyed by the sudden caving in a stratum of rock, killing thirteen animals.

It appears that a little later (around the change of era) the sheiter was decorated with schematic linear engravings.
Un cadastre inédit entre Libron et Lez, et la question de la fondation coloniale de Béziers.
Authors: Perez Antoine
Published: October 2015

Résumé - Dans une région du Languedoc méditerranéen où étaient déjà connus cinq cadastres, l'auteur a identifié les traces d'un nouveau système qu'il propose d'intituler "Cesssero- Forum Domitii ". Orienté N 35° E et d'un module de 706-708 m, il s'étend sur la rive orientale du Libron jusqu'au Lez. Par le jeu des datations relatives, ce cadastre se placerait à une époque antérieure aux réseaux montpellièrais ou "Béziers A". L'inventeur propose également de lier le avicus" de Ballaruc à cette pertica, ce qui permettrait de l'envisager comme antérieure à l'époque augustéenne. La mise en place serait également postérieure à la cadastration du territoire d'Agde grecque, donc à 49 av. J.-C. Le réseau "Cessero-Forum Domitii " pourrait fort bien être d'époque césarienne. Par relation avec celui de "Béziers C-Cessero" qui lui serait de peu postérieur, l'auteur s'interroge sur l'intégration de Forum Domitii à ce découpage rural.
Le Touar, Les Arcs-sur-Argens (Var). Note complémentaire.
Authors: Bérato Jacques , Magnin Frédéric , Dugas Franck
Published: October 2015

As an addendum to their article published in the DAM 12 (1989), the authors give two sets of results of radiocarbon dating of Late Bronze II/IIIa and Early Iron Age lewels. The chronological margins obtained tend to push the beginning of the Iron Age in the Provence back to a much earlier date.
L'ensemble lapidaire de Roquepertuse : nouvelle approche
Authors: Coignard R. , Coignard O.
Published: October 2015

Critical re-examination of the whole of the architectural fragments and a more pertinent re-assembly of these fragments resulted in some new findings concerning the perception of the architectural order of the monumental sanctuary, its decoration and its spiritual meaning. It appears that most of the engraved motifs and symbols, painted or unpainted (human heads, embalmed, stipped of flesh or remodelled with clay) are contemporaneous and grouped together toward the interior of the building. Comparison with similar elements from the agglomeration near Entremont enables the authors to begin an eschatological reading of the representation.