bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness analysis of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in preventing pneumonia in Peruvian children
Authors: Mezones-Holguín Edward , Bolaños-Díaz Rafael , Fiestas Víctor , Sanabria César , Gutiérrez-Aguado Alfonso , Fiestas Fabián , Suárez Víctor J , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Hernández Adrián V
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) has a high burden of morbimortality in children. Use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is an effective preventive measure. After PCV 7-valent (PCV7) withdrawal, PCV 10-valent (PCV10) and PCV 13-valent (PCV13) are the alternatives in Peru. This study aimed to evaluate cost effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing PP in Peruvian children <5 years-old. Methodology: A cost-effectiveness analysis was developed in three phases: a systematic evidence search for calculating effectiveness; a cost analysis for vaccine strategies and outcome management; and an economic model based on decision tree analysis, including deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis using acceptability curves, tornado diagram, and Monte Carlo simulation. A hypothetic 100 vaccinated children/vaccine cohort was built. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Results: The isolation probability for all serotypes in each vaccine was estimated: 38% for PCV7, 41% PCV10, and 17% PCV13. Avoided hospitalization was found to be the best effectiveness model measure. Estimated costs for PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13 cohorts were USD13,761, 11,895, and 12,499, respectively. Costs per avoided hospitalization were USD718 for PCV7, USD333 for PCV10, andUSD 162 for PCV13. At ICER, PCV7 was dominated by the other PCVs. Eliminating PCV7, PCV13 was more cost effective than PCV10 (confirmed in sensitivity analysis). Conclusions: PCV10 and PCV13 are more cost effective than PCV7 in prevention of pneumonia in children <5 years-old in Peru. PCV13 prevents more hospitalizations and is more cost-effective than PCV10. These results should be considered when making decisions about the Peruvian National Inmunizations Schedule.
The SAPHO Syndrome: A Single-center Study of 41 Adult Patients
Authors: Aljuhani Faisal , Tournadre Anne , Tatar Zuzana , Couderc Marion , Mathieu Sylvain , Malochet-Guinamand Sandrine , Soubrier Martin , Dubost Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2014

Objective.

The SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) is a rare disease and only a few series have been published about it. We describe the experience of a rheumatology department with a focus on the therapeutic aspects.

Methods.

All cases of SAPHO fulfilling the Benhamou criteria and seen between 1992 and 2013 in our unit were retrospectively included.

Results.

Forty-one patients (11 men and 30 women) were included. The average age was 45 years (20–80 yrs) at the time of diagnosis. Nineteen patients had palmoplantar pustulosis, 3 had psoriasis vulgaris, 3 had severe acne, and 15 had no dermatological involvement. Bone symptoms involved mainly the anterior chest wall (n = 28, 68%), followed by the spine (n = 16, 39%) and sacroiliac joints (n = 12, 29%). Four patients had peripheral osteitis and 2 had mandibular osteitis. Ten patients had peripheral arthritis affecting mainly the knees and wrists. None of the 36 patients tested was HLA-B27–positive. At least a partial response was achieved with colchicine, methotrexate, or sulfasalazine in 0/6, 2/4, and 1/6 of patients, respectively. Antibiotic therapy (azithromycin, n = 7; doxycycline, n = 2) was effective in 2/9 patients. Pamidronate was prescribed in 26 patients with bone involvement and 18/22 patients evaluable at 6 months responded to this therapy. Two patients were treated with tumor necrosis factor blockers: 1 with infliximab and 1 with adalimumab, followed by etanercept.

Conclusion.

Based on our experience, SAPHO can be diagnosed in the elderly. It was not associated with HLA-B27. Soft tissue involvement was common and the bisphosphonates were generally effective on bone involvement.
Modifiable Factors Associated with Allopurinol Adherence and Outcomes Among Patients with Gout in an Integrated Healthcare System
Authors: Rashid Nazia , Coburn Brian W. , Wu Yi-Lin , Cheetham T. Craig , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Saag Kenneth G. , Mikuls Ted R.
Published: December 2014

Objective.

To identify modifiable patient and provider factors associated with allopurinol adherence and the achievement of a serum urate acid (SUA) goal in gout.

Methods.

We identified a retrospective cohort of patients with gout, newly treated with allopurinol. All patient data came from administrative datasets at a large integrated health delivery system. Patients were ≥ 18 years old at time of initial allopurinol dispensing, and had 12 months or more of membership and drug eligibility prior to the index date. Allopurinol adherence was defined as a proportion of days covered ≥ 0.80, evaluated during the first 12 months of observation after the initial dispensing. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with allopurinol nonadherence and attaining an SUA concentration < 6.0 mg/dl.

Results.

We identified 13,341 patients with gout with incident allopurinol use (mean age 60 yrs, 78% men). Of these, 9581 patients (72%) had SUA measured both at baseline and during followup. Only 3078 patients (32%) attained an SUA target of < 6.0 mg/dl during followup. Potentially modifiable factors associated with treatment adherence and obtaining the SUA goal in the multivariable analysis included concomitant diuretic use, prescriber specialty, and allopurinol dosing practices. Adherent patients were 2.5-fold more likely than nonadherent patients to achieve an SUA < 6.0 mg/dl during observation.

Conclusion.

Among patients with gout initiating allopurinol in our study, 68% did not reach the SUA goal and 57% of patients were nonadherent. Modifiable factors, including allopurinol dose escalation, treatment adherence, rheumatology referral, and concomitant medication use, could be important factors to consider in efforts aimed at optimizing gout treatment outcomes.
Entre Amazonas y Grifos. Viaje por las imágenes de frontera en el siglo IV a.C.
Authors: Moreno Conde Margarita , Cabrera Bonet Paloma
Published: December 2014

La imagen de las Amazonas comienza a poblar los vasos griegos desde fines del siglo VII a.C. De naturaleza polisémica, encarnan la alteridad absoluta para el ideal ciudadano griego, pues representan todos los valores antitéticos: son mujeres, bárbaras, no domesticadas. A lo largo de los siglos se dotan de nuevos significados, especialmente en el siglo IV a.C., época de profundas mutaciones geopolíticas. La representación de la lucha por el control del oro entre Arimaspos, feroces guerreros de un solo ojo y Grifos, temibles seres híbridos que lo arrancan de la tierra y custodian, nace a fines del siglo VI a.C. pero será también en el siglo IV a.C. cuando se convierta en un tema predilecto de los pintores griegos, destinado a las áreas periféricas. Analizamos el área de distribución de los vasos decorados con ambos temas en los dos extremos del Mediterráneo y su significado. Amazonomaquias y Grifomaquias, imágenes de la frontera, parecen actuar como elementos indispensables en la construcción de la identidad griega.
¿La Apoteosis de Heracles o una escena de Apobates? A propósito de una cratera de campana procedente de La Loma del Escorial de Los Nietos (Cartagena, Murcia)
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Diana
Published: December 2014

En el presente artículo se revisa la identificación iconográ- fica de la cara A de una cratera griega fragmentaria del siglo IV a.C. procedente del yacimiento ibérico de La Loma del Escorial de Los Nietos (Cartagena, Murcia). La escena se ha identificado tradicionalmente como la apoteosis de Heracles, no obstante, tras un análisis detallado de la misma, en particular del resto de un escudo previamente inadvertido que porta el personaje principal, creemos que la iconografía se corresponde con la del apobates victorioso, un unicum en la Península Ibérica. Presentamos un análisis de ambos motivos iconográficos que revelará interesantes conclusiones sobre el funcionamiento de los tipos iconográficos y mecanismos de creación de significado en la pintura de vasos de la época, así como sobre el tipo de imágenes estimadas por los receptores de esas piezas en la Península Ibérica, los íberos. Se incluye también un catálogo actualizado de los vasos áticos que portan ambos temas.
Cerámica de tipo Kuass procedente de Caura. ¿Testimonios de un nuevo centro de producción?
Authors: Escacena Carrasco José Luis , Moreno Megías Violeta
Published: December 2014

Las excavaciones en el Cerro de San Juan de Coria del Río (Sevilla), cabezo donde nació la ciudad antigua de Caura, han proporcionado un buen lote de cerámica de tipo Kuass. Su posición estratigráfica es problemática si se compara con los contextos cronológicos conocidos en Cádiz. Sin embargo, sus rasgos tipológicos, su amplio uso local y la composición de las arcillas permiten proponer la posible ubicación en este asentamiento o en sus cercanías de un taller. En cualquier caso, la cantidad y variedad de formas registradas hacen de esta ciudad el enclave del Bajo Guadalquivir con mayor presencia de esta cerámica y el más cercano a los patrones de consumo del mundo púnico.
Un nuevo conjunto epigráfico en el foro romano de Los Bañales (Uncastillo, Zaragoza)
Authors: Jordán Lorenzo Ángel A. , Pintado Javier Andreu
Published: December 2014

El presente trabajo da noticia de cinco nuevas inscripciones descubiertas in situ en uno de los recintos, de naturaleza cultual y autorepresentativa, en los que se abría el pórtico occidental del foro de la ciudad romana de Los Bañales (Uncastillo, Zaragoza) un municipio del antiguo conuentus Caesaraugustanus de la Tarraconense. El conjunto, de carácter dinástico y promovido por M. Fabius Nouus y Porcia Faventina, se articuló en torno a una dedicatoria a la Victoria Aug(usta) y a una serie de homenajes cruzados a miembros de las familias de los dedicantes, hasta la fecha prácticamente desconocidas en la prosopografía de la citada comunidad, de nombre antiguo aun ignoto.
La metalurgia del mercurio en Almadén: desde los hornos de aludeles a los hornos Pacific
Authors: Tejero-Manzanares José , Garrido Sáenz Ignacio , Mata Cabrera Francisco , Rubio Mesas María Luisa
Published: December 2014

Este artículo profundiza en el conocimiento de los diferentes tipos de hornos de tostación de cinabrio, utilizados en la metalurgia del mercurio a lo largo de los siglos de explotación de las Minas de Almadén (España). Algunos de ellos forman parte de nuestro patrimonio histórico industrial y han contribuido a que todo el amplio legado tecnológico de estas minas haya sido nombrado recientemente Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO. Este trabajo pretende abordar el largo bagaje de la actividad metalúrgica desde los hornos de aludeles hasta los hornos Pacific, primera y última de las tecnologías empleadas en producción a escala industrial. Se profundiza en aquellos aspectos más relevantes que tienen que ver con la tipología, evolución y número de hornos existentes en cada una de las épocas.
The effect of addition of low dose fentanyl to epidural bupivacaine (0.5%) in patients undergoing elective caesarean section
Authors: Parate LH , Manjrekar SP , Anandaswamy TC , Manjunath B
Published: December 2014

Background:

Opioids have synergistic action with local anesthetics which may alter characteristics of epidural block. Giving opioids to mother before delivery of baby is still fully not accepted with some fearing risk of neonatal depression.

Aims:

Our primary aim was to evaluate the analgesic effect of addition of 50 μg fentanyl to epidural 0.5% bupivacaine in patients undergoing elective caesarean section using visual analog scale. The secondary aim was to assess onset of analgesia, volume of drug required to achieve T6 level, grade and duration of motor block and Apgar score.

Materials and Methods:

In this prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study 64 patients scheduled for elective caesarean section under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups of 32 each. The fentanyl group received 1ml of 50 μg fentanyl and the saline group received 1ml of normal saline mixed with 10ml of 0.5% bupivacaine for epidural anesthesia. VAS score, time to achieve T6 level, dose of bupivacaine, intraoperative analgesic consumption and duration of analgesia, grade and duration of motor block and any adverse maternal and neonatal effects were noted.

Statistical Analysis:

Data was analyzed using Students t test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test. The values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

Fentanyl improved the VAS score significantly (1.6 ± 1.32) compared to the saline group (3.77 ± 1.0, P < 0.0001). It also reduced the intraoperaitve analgesic supplementation compared to the saline group. (P = 0.031). The postoperative duration of analgesia was prolonged in the fentanyl group (275.80 ± 13.61 min) compared to the saline group (191.47 ± 12.16 min, P < 0.0001). The other characteristics of epidural block were unaltered.

Conclusion:

Addition of 50 μg fentanyl to epidural 0.5% bupivacaine significantly reduces the VAS score. It also reduces intra-operative analgesia supplementation and prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia without altering the other characteristics of block. The neonatal outcome is not affected with addition of fentanyl before delivery of baby.
Syndrome of remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema
Authors: Varshney AN , Singh NK
Published: December 2014

Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis with Pitting Edema (RS3PE) is a rare clinical entity that is easily missed due to lack of knowledge. It was formerly considered as a subset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but is now regarded as a distinct disease/syndrome. The diagnosis of RS3PE is not easy, as it is always hindered by the lack of definite diagnostic criteria and presence of other much common rheumatological disorders that mimic it. We report a series of seven cases that attended our clinic in the last year, which highlight the salient features of the disease. The disease was found to have a heterogeneous presentation. Immunogenetic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and possible etiological factors and associations with the neoplasm are described, as also other peculiar presentations. Finally, a comparison with other common rheumatological disorders is made to alert the clinician about this rare, but easily treatable disease.
On the Regularity of the Multisublinear Maximal Functions
Authors: Liu Feng , Wu Huoxiong
Published: December 2014

This paper is concerned with the study of the regularity for the multisublinear maximal operator. It is proved that the multisublinear maximal operator is bounded on first-order Sobolev spaces. Moreover, two key point-wise inequalities for the partial derivatives of the multisublinear maximal functions are established. As an application, the quasi-continuity on the multisublinear maximal function is also obtained.
Uniqueness of area minimizing surfaces for extreme curves
Authors: Coskunuzer Baris , Etgü Tolga
Published: December 2014

Let

M

be a compact, orientable, mean convex

3

-manifold with boundary

\partial M

. We show that the set of all simple closed curves in

\partial M

which bound unique area minimizing disks in

M

is dense in the space of simple closed curves in

\partial M

which are nullhomotopic in

M

. We also show that the set of all simple closed curves in

\partial M

which bound unique absolutely area minimizing surfaces in

M

is dense in the space of simple closed curves in

\partial M

which are nullhomologous in

M

.
$H^{\infty}$ functional calculus and square function estimates for Ritt operators
Authors: Le Merdy Christian
Published: December 2014

A Ritt operator

T\colon X\to X

on a Banach space is a power bounded operator satisfying an estimate

n\| T^{n}-T^{n-1}\| \leq C

. When

X=L^p(\Omega)

for some

1\leq p \leq \infty

, we study the validity of square functions estimates

\| (\sum_k k|T^{k}(x) - T^{k-1}(x)|^2)^{1/2}\|_{L^p}\lesssim\ \|x\|_{L^p}

for such operators. We show that

T

and

T^*

both satisfy such estimates if and only if

T

admits a bounded functional calculus with respect to a Stolz domain. This is a single operator analogue of the famous Cowling–Doust–McIntosh–Yagi characterization of bounded

H^\infty

-calculus on

L^p

-spaces by the boundedness of certain Littlewood–Paley–Stein square functions. We also prove a similar result for Hilbert spaces. Then we extend the above to more general Banach spaces, where square functions have to be defined in terms of certain Rademacher averages. We focus on noncommutative

L^p

-spaces, where square functions are quite explicit, and we give applications, examples, and illustrations on such spaces, as well as on classical

L^p

.
Inverse spectral positivity for surfaces
Authors: Bérard Pierre , Castillon Philippe
Published: December 2014

Let

(M,g)

be a complete noncompact Riemannian surface. We consider operators of the form

\Delta + aK + W

, where

\Delta

is the nonnegative Laplacian,

K

the Gaussian curvature,

W

a locally integrable function, and

a

a positive real number. Assuming that the positive part of

W

is integrable, we address the question "What conclusions on

(M,g)

and on

W

can one draw from the fact that the operator

\Delta + aK + W

is nonnegative?" As a consequence of our main result, we get new proofs of Huber's theorem and Cohn–Vossen's inequality, and we improve earlier results in the particular cases in which

W

is nonpositive and

a = 1/4

or

a \in (0,1/4)

.
Discrete Fourier restriction associated with Schrödinger equations
Authors: Hu Yi , Li Xiaochun
Published: December 2014

We present a novel proof on the discrete Fourier restriction. The proof recovers Bourgain's level set result for Strichartz estimates associated with Schrödinger equations on a torus. Some sharp estimates on

L^{{2(d+2)}/{d}}

norms of certain exponential sums in higher dimensional cases are established. As an application, we show that some discrete multilinear maximal functions are bounded on

L^2(\mathbb Z)

.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Retention of Denture Bases fabricated using Selective Pressure, Massad's and Functional Impression Techniques: A Clinical Study
Authors: Sanaye Ragini Sudhakar
Published: December 2014

Background

Impression techniques have evolved considerably during the last decade. However, it needs to be assessed whether the retention achieved with these techniques is adequate enough to establish them as an alternative to the conventional techniques.

Purpose

This study was planned to evaluate the retention of denture bases fabricated using the selective pressure, functional and Massad's impression techniques.

Materials and methods

Twenty completely edentulous patients were selected and each of them was subjected to three definitive impression techniques: selective pressure, functional and Massad's techniques. The permanent bases were fabricated and checked for retention with a custom made retention checking apparatus. The load required to dislodge the denture base fabricated using each technique, from the maxillary foundation was recorded and this data was subjected to statistical analysis.

Results

The statistical analysis shows that the difference between the selective pressure and the functional impression technique is statistically significant (p = 0.046) However, this result needs verification by collecting more data or designing another study, since the observed p-value is closer to the significance level (i.e. 0.05). Though the difference between the means of Massad's and functional techniques is of 39 gm, it is statistically not significant (p = 0.09). The difference between means load to dislodge denture bases for selective pressure and Massad's techniques (5.5 gm) is not statistically significant (p = 0.95).

Conclusion

The three impression techniques yielded adequately retentive permanent denture bases. However, retention of the denture bases obtained from the selective pressure impression technique was best, followed by the Massad's and functional techniques.

Clinical implication

The results of this study indicated that the denture bases fabricated using selective pressure impression technique were more retentive than the Massad's and the Functional impression technique.

How to cite this article

Sanaye RS, Shah N, Ram SM. A Comparative Evaluation of the Retention of Denture Bases fabricated using Selective Pressure, Massad's and Functional Impression Techniques: A Clinical Study. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):139-144.
Management of Extended Orbital Exenteration using Spectacle retained Orbitofacial Prosthesis
Authors: Legha Virender Singh , Sahoo NK
Published: December 2014

Restoration of facial defects is a challenge for both reconstructive surgeon and prosthodontist. There should be collective efforts from the restorative team involved in rehabilitation of the lost tissue to best of the form and esthetics. Orbitofacial defects warrant early and effective treatment protocol to allow incapacitated patients some level of social acceptance. A removable maxillofacial prosthesis which is closely adapted, well retained and with good color match is easily accepted by the patient. Retention of the orbitofacial prosthesis is achieved using various means, like implants, tissue undercuts, adhesives, magnets. A material chosen should be easy to manipulate and compatible to different retentive aids employed. This paper presents rehabilitation of extended orbital exenteration defect with spectacle retained orbitofacial prosthesis.

How to cite this article

Kumar KVA, Sahoo NK, Kumar D, Legha VS. Management of Extended Orbital Exenteration using Spectacle retained Orbitofacial Prosthesis. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):157-159.
Lingual Approach to Buccally Impacted Teeth
Authors: Gaikwad Shashank , Ravindranath VK , Tahilramani Samay Mukesh , Karandikar Grish
Published: December 2014

Orthodontic management of impacted teeth is one of the most challenging aspects in terms of diagnosis and treatment planning and execution. Treatment is usually prolonged in duration and often complicated by various local factors. This article describes a simplified method toward management of an impacted tooth through the medium of a case report. A patient reported with impacted maxillary canine and an impacted mandibular premolar, was treated orthodontically. The impacted premolar was aligned using a new approach through the modification of the lingual arch. This article describes the design, mechanism of action and the relative advantages and disadvantages of the technique used.

How to cite this article

Tahilramani SM, Gaikwad S, Karandikar G, Ravindranath VK. Lingual Approach to Buccally Impacted Teeth. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):162-166.
Efficiently Plumping the Deficient! Pontic Site Development
Authors: Ram Sabita , Padhye Ashvini Mukul , Rathod Aditi Ashok , Chandavarkar Saili
Published: December 2014

Replacing a missing tooth in a maxillary anterior esthetic zone displaying a Seibert's class III ridge defect is a big challenge in the field of perioesthetics. In order to achieve maximum esthetics, form and function, an ideal pontic should have a natural emergence profile and support the labial soft tissue as well as the adjacent papillae. This is of paramount importance, especially if the patient has a high smile line. Augmentation protocols differ based on the treatment plan for implants or fixed prosthesis. The most popular techniques for soft tissue ridge augmentation for Seibert's Class III ridge defects include the roll technique, the wedge technique and the pouch technique among others. This article presents a case of an 18-year-old female patient with a challenging Seibert's Class III ridge defect treated for pontic site development using a combination of the pouch and the roll technique followed by a fixed prosthesis with ovate pontics.

How to cite this article

Rathod AA, Padhye AM, Ram S, Chandavarkar S. Efficiently Plumping the Deficient! Pontic Site Development. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):173-177.
Verruciform Xanthoma-Histopathologically: A Distinct Entity
Authors: Pawar Vipul Mohan
Published: December 2014

Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is an uncommon benign mucocutaneous lesion of unknown etiology. It is essential to diagnose this lesion as a varied entity of utmost importance as clinically their appearance could range from a simple leukoplakia or papilloma to as grave as squamous cell carcinoma SCC. Although this lesion is of multifactorial pathogenesis, a viral etiology like human papilloma virus (HPV) has been suggested in some cases. This rare, harmless lesion usually presents as a sessile or pedunculated, pale yellowish-to-red, papillary, granular or verrucous mucosal growth. Histopathologically, VX is characterized by the presence of parakeratinzed epithelium showing papillary or verrucous growth with thin rete ridges and connective tissue papillae extending up to the surface. The papillae characteristically consist of foam cells, also called xanthoma cells. We report two cases of VX of varied clinical appearance but very similar and characteristic histopathological presentation to be diagnosed as VX. The clinical diagnosis, though may be challenging; the histopathological features are diagnostic and well-defined. It is also noteworthy that in an improper biopsy, xanthoma cells may be scanty and their presence can be missed, especially if one is unfamiliar with the existence of this lesion.

How to cite this article

Pawar VM, Patel S, Pathak J, Swain N. Verruciform Xanthoma-Histopathologically: A Distinct Entity. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):181-184.
Emission of iodine-containing volatiles by selected microalgae species
Authors: Thorenz U. R. , Carpenter L. J. , Huang R.-J. , Kundel M. , Bosle J. , Hoffmann T.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. In this study we present the results of an emission study of different phytoplankton samples in aqueous media treated with elevated ozone levels. Halocarbon measurements show that the samples tested released bromoform and different iodocarbons, including iodomethane, iodochloromethane and diiodomethane. Iodide and iodate levels in the liquid phase were representative of concentrations of surface water in a natural environment. Measurement of volatile iodine (I2) emissions from two diatom samples (Mediopyxis helysia and Porosira glacialis) and the background sample (F/2 medium from filtered natural seawater) showed that the quantity of evolved I2 depends on the ozone concentration in the air. This behaviour was assumed to be caused by the oxidation reaction mechanism of iodide with ozone. The I2 emission flux agrees with model calculations at different iodide concentrations. The I2 emission of a natural plankton concentrate sample was, however, very low compared to other samples and showed no dependence on ozone. The reason for this was shown to be the low iodide concentration in the algal suspension, which seems to be the limiting factor in the oxidative formation of I2.
Estimating CO2 emissions from point sources: a case study of an isolated power station
Authors: Utembe S. R. , Jones N. , Rayner P. J. , Genkova I. , Griffith D. W. T. , O'Brien D. M. , Lunney C. , Clark A. J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. A methodology to estimate CO2 emissions from an isolated power plant is presented and illustrated for the Northern Power Station at Port Augusta, South Australia. The method involves measurement of in-situ and column-averaged CO2 at a site near the power plant, forward modelling (using WRF-Chem) of the observed signals and inverse modelling to obtain an estimate of the fluxes from the power plant. By subtracting the simulated background CO2 (obtained from Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate CO2 fields) from the observed and simulated signals, we are able to account for fluxes from the power plant that are mainly responsible for the variations in the CO2 concentrations. Although the enhancements of the surface concentration of CO2 are a factor of 10 larger than the enhancements in the column-averaged concentration, the forward transport model has difficulty predicting the in-situ data, which is complicated by sea breeze effects and influence from other local sources. Better simulation is obtained for the column-averaged data leading to better estimates of fluxes. The ratio of our estimated emissions to the reported values is 1.06 ± 0.54. Modelling local biospheric fluxes makes little difference either to the estimated emissions or quality of the fit to the data. Variations in the large-scale concentration field have a larger impact highlighting the importance of good boundary conditions even in the relatively homogeneous Southern Hemisphere. The estimates are insensitive to details of the calculation such as stack height or modelling of plume injection. We conclude that column-integrated measurements offer a reasonable trade-off between sensitivity and model capability for estimating point sources.
Retrieval of Ocean Bottom and Downhole Seismic sensors orientation using integrated MEMS gyroscope and direct rotation measurements
Authors: D'Alessandro A. , D'Anna G.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The absolute orientation of the horizontal components of ocean bottom or downhole seismic sensors are generally unknown. Almost all the methods proposed to overcome this issue are based on the post-processing of the acquired signals and so the results are strongly dependent on the nature, quantity and quality of the acquired data. We have carried out several test to evaluate the ability of retrieve sensor orientation using integrated low cost MEMS gyroscope. Our tests have shown that the tested MEMS gyroscope (the model 1044_0–3/3/3 Phidget Spatial Precision High Resolution) can be used to measure angular displacement and therefore to retrieve the absolute orientation of the horizontal components of a sensor that has been subjected to rotation in the horizontal plane. A correct processing of the acquired signals permit to retrieve, for rotation at angular rate between 0 and 180° s−1, angular displacement with error less 2°.
Enhanced 20th-century heat transfer to the Arctic simulated in the context of climate variations over the last millennium
Authors: Jungclaus J. H. , Lohmann K. , Zanchettin D.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Oceanic heat transport variations, carried by the northward-flowing Atlantic Water, strongly influence Arctic sea-ice distribution, ocean–atmosphere exchanges, and pan-Arctic temperatures. Palaeoceanographic reconstructions from marine sediments near Fram Strait have documented a dramatic increase in Atlantic Water temperatures over the 20th century, unprecedented in the last millennium. Here we present results from Earth system model simulations that reproduce and explain the reconstructed exceptional Atlantic Water warming in Fram Strait in the 20th century in the context of natural variability during the last millennium. The associated increase in ocean heat transfer to the Arctic can be traced back to changes in the ocean circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic. An interplay between a weakening overturning circulation and a strengthening subpolar gyre as a consequence of 20th-century global warming is identified as the driving mechanism for the pronounced warming along the Atlantic Water path toward the Arctic. Simulations covering the late Holocene provide a reference frame that allows us to conclude that the changes during the last century are unprecedented in the last 1150 years and that they cannot be explained by internal variability or natural forcing alone.
Tectonic and climatic controls on the Chuquibamba landslide (western Andes, southern Peru)
Authors: Margirier A. , Audin L. , Carcaillet J. , Schwartz S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The contribution of landslides to the Quaternary evolution of reliefs is poorly documented in arid contexts. In southern Peru and northern Chile several massive landslides disrupt the arid western Andean front. The Chuquibamba landslide, located in southern Peru, belongs to this set of large landslides. In this area, the Incapuquio fault system captures the intermittent drainage network and localizes rotational landslides. Seismic activity is significant in this region with recurrent Mw = 9 subduction earthquakes, however none of the latest seismic events have triggered a major landslide. New terrestrial cosmogenic dating of the Chuquibamba landslide provides evidence that the last major gravitational mobilization of these rotational landslide deposits occurred at ~102 ka, during the Ouki wet climatic event identified on the Altiplano between 120 and 98 ka. Our results suggest that wet events in the arid and fractured context of the Andean forearc induced these giant debris-flows. Finally, our study highlights the role of tectonics and climate on (i) the localization of large Andean landslides and on (ii) the long-term mass transfer to the trench along the arid Andean front.
Dye tracing for investigating flow and transport properties of hydrocarbon-polluted Rabots glaciär, Kebnekaise, Sweden
Authors: Clason C. C. , Coch C. , Jarsjö J. , Brugger K. , Jansson P. , Rosqvist G.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Over 11 000 L of hydrocarbon pollution was deposited on the surface of Rabots glaciär on the Kebnekaise Massif, northern Sweden, following the crash of a Royal Norwegian Air Force aircraft in March 2012. An environmental monitoring programme was subsequently commissioned, including water, snow and ice sampling. The scientific programme further included a series of dye tracing experiments during the 2013 melt season, conducted to investigate flow pathways for pollutants through the glacier hydrological system, and to gain new insight to the internal hydrological system of Rabots glaciär. Results of dye tracing reveal a degree of homogeneity in the topology of the drainage system throughout July and August, with an increase in efficiency as the season progresses, as reflected by decreasing temporary storage and dispersivity. Early onset of melting likely led to formation of an efficient, discrete drainage system early in the melt season, subject to decreasing sinuosity and braiding as the season progressed. Analysis of turbidity-discharge hysteresis further supports the formation of discrete, efficient drainage, with clockwise diurnal hysteresis suggesting easy mobilisation of readily-available sediments in channels. Dye injection immediately downstream of the pollution source zone revealed prolonged storage of dye followed by fast, efficient release. Twinned with a low dye recovery, and supported by sporadic detection of hydrocarbons in the proglacial river, we suggest that meltwater, and thus pollutants in solution, may be released periodically from this zone of the glacier hydrological system. The here identified dynamics of dye storage, dispersion and breakthrough indicate that the ultimate fate and permanence of pollutants in the glacier system is likely to be governed by storage of pollutants in the firn layer and ice mass, or within the internal hydrological system, where it may refreeze. This shows that future studies on the fate of hydrocarbons in pristine, glaciated mountain environments should address the extent to which pollutants in solution act like water molecules or whether they are more susceptible to, for example, refreezing into the surrounding ice, becoming stuck in micro-fractures and pore spaces, or sorption onto subglacial sediments.
Exploring the link between drought indicators and impacts
Authors: Bachmair S. , Kohn I. , Stahl K.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Current drought monitoring and early warning systems use different indicators for monitoring drought conditions and apply different indicator thresholds and rules for assigning drought intensity classes or issue warnings or alerts. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge on the meaning of different hydro-meteorologic indicators for impact occurrence on the ground. To date, there have been very few attempts to systematically characterize the indicator–impact-relationship owing to the sparse and patchy data for ground truthing hydro-meteorologic variables. The newly established European Drought Impact report Inventory (EDII) offers the possibility to investigate this linkage. The aim of this study was to explore the link between hydro-meteorologic indicators and drought impacts for the case study area Germany and thus to test the potential of qualitative impact data for evaluating the performance of drought indicators. As drought indicators two climatological drought indices as well as streamflow and groundwater level percentiles were selected. Linkage was assessed though data visualization and correlation analysis between monthly timeseries of indicator–impact data at the federal state level, and between spatial patterns for selected drought events. The analysis clearly revealed a significant moderate to strong correlation for some states and drought events allowing for an intercomparison of the performance of different drought indicators. While several commonalities could be identified regarding "best" indicator, indicator metric, and time-scale of climatic anomaly, the analysis also exposed differences among federal states and drought events, suggesting that the linkage is time-variant and region specific to some degree. Concerning thresholds associated with drought impact onset, we found that no single "best" threshold value can be identified but impacts occur within a range of indicator values. While the findings strongly depend on data and may change with a growing number of EDII entries in the future, this study clearly demonstrates the feasibility of ground truthing hydro-meteorologic variables with text-based impact reports and highlights the value of impact reporting as a tool for monitoring drought conditions.
Modelling origin and transport fate of waste materials on the south-eastern Adriatic coast (Croatia)
Authors: Tudor M. , Janeković I.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The south-eastern parts of the Adriatic Sea coastline were severely polluted by large amounts of accumulated waste material in the second half of November 2010. The waste, reported by major news agencies, accumulated dominantly during 21 November 2010 by favourable wind – ocean current transport system. In the study we analysed meteorological and oceanographic conditions that lead to the waste deposition using available in situ measurements, remote sensing data as well numerical models of the ocean and the atmosphere. The measured data reveal that an intensive rainfall event from 7 till 10 November 2010, over the parts of Montenegro and Albania, was followed by a substantial increase of the river water levels indicating flash floods that possibly splashed the waste material into a river and after to the Adriatic Sea. In order to test our hypothesis we set a number of numerical drifter experiments with trajectories initiated off the coast of Albania during the intensive rainfall events following their faith in space and time. One of the numerical drifter trajectory experiment resulted with drifters reached right position (south-eastern Adriatic coast) and time (exactly by the time the waste was observed) when initiated on 00:00 and 12:00 UTC of 10 November 2010 during the mentioned flash flood event.
Digital Rights Ireland Ltd. v. Minister for Communications & Google Spain SL v. Agencia Española De Protección De Datos (C.J.E.U.)
Authors: Gibson Elizabeth
Published: December 2014

In April and May of 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), sitting as a Grand Chamber, issued two preliminary rulings with dramatic implications for internet privacy—a topic of increasing global concern following Edward Snowden’s leaks on the data surveillance programs run by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) and its allies. The first case, Digital Rights Ireland Ltd. v. Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and others joined with Kärtner Landesregierung and others, found an unacceptable interference in the rights to privacy and data protection in a European Union directive that required private telecom and internet companies to retain records of user activity and to make those records available for use by law enforcement. The second case, Google Spain SL, Google Inc. v. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos and Mario Costeja González, recognized that there are situations where an internet search engine, such as Google, could be ordered to erase links from search results to protect individual privacy. While these two cases have dramatically different policy implications, both demonstrate Europe’s efforts to apply human rights to modern technology and to reconcile security, freedom of information, and privacy.
EFEITO DO ALUMÍNIO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO E NUTRIÇÃO DE Tapirira guianensis AUBLET EM SOLUÇÃO HIDROPÔNICA
Authors: De Britez Ricardo Miranda , Reissmann Carlos Bruno , Watanabe Toshihiro , Osaki Mitsuru
Published: December 2014

Objetivando-se testar Tapirira guianensis, espécie de ampla distribuição na América do Sul, frente a níveis crescentes de Al (0, 0,5 mM, 1,0 mM, 2,0 mM, 4,0 mM e 6,0 mM), foi realizado experimento utilizando-se solução hidropônica como substrato. Houve um efeito benéfico do Al, apresentando um aumento do crescimento de diferentes partes da planta a medida que aumentaram as quantidades de Al na solução. Ocorreu uma diminuição dos teores de nutrientes na planta e um aumento do Al. Na raiz o teor de Al aumentou cerca de 50 vezes no tratamento com maior concetração de Al em relação a testemunha. Considerando-se o conteúdo de nutrientes observou-se uma tendência de aumento para todos os macronutrientes em todas as partes da planta, com exceção do P, que teve seu conteúdo diminuído. Conclui-se que Tapirira guianensis é altamente tolerante ao Al, desenvolvendo mecanismos que inibem sua toxidez. Destes possivelmente alguns estão relacionados a excreção de substâncias orgânicas que quelam o Al tornando-o menos tóxico no meio, e o outro, refere-se ao acumulo na raiz, não permitindo que este seja transportado para a parte aérea em quantidades que possam torná-lo tóxico. EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM ON GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF Tapirira guianensis AUBLET IN A HIDROPONIC CULTURE Abstract In this study, the main purpose is to test Tapirira guianensis, a tree species with a wide dispersion range in South America to increasing levels of Al (0, 0,5 mM, 1,0 mM, 2,0 mM, 4,0 mM and 6,0 mM). The experiment was developed in a greenhouse utilizing hydroponic solution as substrate. The seedlings showed an increase in biomass production with the Al rates increased. The levels of nutrients in the plant decrease with exception of Al. The concentration of Al in the roots was fifty times higher in the tested treatments than in the control. In all parts of plant the amount of absorbed nutrients increased, mainly the macronutrients, with exception for P. It was concluded that Tapirira guianensis is highly Al tolerant by developing mechanisms avoiding Al toxicity. This mechanisms was related to exudation of organic substances with the chelation of the Al changed its toxicity in the medium, and the Al accumulation in the roots not permitting the transport to the leaves.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO RENDIMENTO E QUANTIFICAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS GERADOS EM SERRARIA ATRAVÉS DO BALANÇO DE MATERIAIS
Authors: Brand Martha Andreia , De Muñiz Graciela Inês Bolzon , Da Silva Dimas Agostinho , Klock Umberto
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho objetivou a caracterização do rendimento e quantificação dos resíduos gerados em uma serraria, sendo desenvolvido na Empresa Battistella Indústria e Comércio Ltda. (Rio Negrinho, SC), composta por uma laminadora, serraria e manufatura de painéis. Foram realizadas visitas e elaborados questionários para avaliação dos dados existentes, que foram distribuídos em uma série histórica, desde janeiro de 1998 a julho de 1999. As determinações foram feitas com base no balanço de materiais. Foi elaborado um fluxograma da linha produtiva, de onde se pôde obter os valores do rendimento do desdobro (34,87%), da secagem (81,88%) e da classificação da madeira (86,42%). O rendimento geral foi de 38,62% e o consumo de matéria-prima foi de 2,62 m3 de toras com casca/m3 de madeira serrada seca e classificada. Daí conclui-se que o rendimento do desdobro é baixo, bem inferior ou encontrado em literatura; o rendimento geral está mais próximo de valores já publicados; o resíduo tem grande potencialidade de utilização devido a separação do mesmo durante o processo produtivo e o estabelecimento do fator de conversão de toras em madeira serrada possibilita o planejamento do volume de matéria-prima necessário para o desdobro e do volume de resíduo gerado em um período pré-estabelecido. YIELD AND WASTE PRODUCTION CARACTERIZATION IN SAWMILL THROUGH MATERIAL BALANCE Abstract This paper is an attempt to characterize the yield and wood waste produced during the productive process of one of the sawmill, located in Rio Negrinho, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Battistella Indústria e Comércio Ltda.). The data analysis was carried out based on the material balance and on the production yield. The study pointed out the following results: unroll yield (34,87%); drying (81,88%); lumber classification (86,42%); general yield (38,62%) although low, it is in accordance with normal values; consumption of raw material of 2,62 m3 of logs with bark/m3 of lumber. The result also indicate that the wood waste has potenciality to utilization because it is separated during the process and the convertion factor of the log in lumber is very important to the development of the activities.
ESTRUTURA VERTICAL DE UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA NO CENTRO-SUL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Sanquetta Carlos R. , Pizatto Walquíria , Netto Sylvio Péllico , Filho Afonso Figueiredo , Eisfeld Rozane de L.
Published: December 2014

Foi avaliada a estrutura vertical de um fragmento florestal com Araucaria angustifolia na região Centro-Sul do Paraná. O estudo foi realizado com base em parcelas amostrais permanentes, totalizando 3,5 ha, instaladas na Estação Experimental de São João do Triunfo-PR. Foram examinadas a estratificação vertical e a posição sociológica nos anos de 1995 e 1998. Utilizou-se o diagrama h-M e a Posição Sociológica para representar a estratificação vertical da floresta. O diagrama dividiu a floresta em três estratos (I: altura superior a 27 m; II: entre 23 e 27 m; III: inferior a 23 m). Das 65 espécies identificadas em 1995, apenas 5 apresentaram indivíduos emergentes no estrato I. Araucaria angustifolia foi a espécie que apresentou a maior posição sociológica (PS = 24,91%), encontrando-se distribuída nos três estratos. Nectandra grandiflora (PS = 9,80%) foi uma espécie típica de ocorrência em dois estratos, enquanto Ilex paraguariensis (PS = 6,20%) fez-se presente em apenas um estrato. No período de 3 anos (de 1995 a 1998) houve pouca alteração na estrutura vertical da floresta em apreço. VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF A FRAGMENT OF MIXED ARAUCARIA FOREST IN CENTER-SOUTH PARANA STATE, BRAZIL Abstract The vertical structure of a fragment of mixed Araucaria forest, located in Center-Southern Parana State, Brazil, was analyzed. The study was based on data collection in four permanent sample plots, comprising 3.5 ha, established at the São João do Triunfo Experimental Station. The vertical stratification and the sociologic position of the component tree populations were examined for data collected in 1995 and 1998. The h-M diagram and the Sociologic Position were used as reference to represent the vertical structure of the forest. The diagram divided the forest in three strata (I: tree height over 27 m; II: 23 to 27 m; III: less than 23 m). Among the 65 species identified in the forest in 1995, only five participated in the first story (stratum I) Araucaria angustifolia was the species of greatest Sociologic Position (PS = 24.91%), occurring in all the three strata. Nectandra grandiflora (PS = 9.80%) was a typical species occurring in two stories, whereas Ilex paraguariensis (PS = 6.20%) was an example of species appeared in a single story. During three years (1995 to 1998) no remarkable change was noticed in terms of vertical structure in the forest.