bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organoid microphysiological system preserves pancreatic islet function within 3D matrix
Authors: Patel S. N. , Ishahak M. , Chaimov D. , Velraj A. , LaShoto D. , Hagan D. W. , Buchwald P. , Phelps E. A. , Agarwal A. , Stabler C. L.
Published: February 2021

A customized microphysiological system supports the perifusion and in situ multiparametric assessment of 3D islet organoids.
Usp11 controls cortical neurogenesis and neuronal migration through Sox11 stabilization
Authors: Chiang Shang-Yin , Wu Hsin-Chieh , Lin Shu-Yu , Chen Hsin-Yi , Wang Chia-Fang , Yeh Nai-Hsing , Shih Jou-Ho , Huang Yi-Shuian , Kuo Hung-Chih , Chou Shen-Ju , Chen Ruey-Hwa
Published: February 2021

Protein deubiquitination contributes to cortical development, and its dysregulation is linked to intellectual disability.
Time-of-day specificity of anticancer drugs may be mediated by circadian regulation of the cell cycle
Authors: Lee Yool , Fong Shi Yi , Shon Joy , Zhang Shirley L. , Brooks Rebekah , Lahens Nicholas F. , Chen Dechun , Dang Chi Van , Field Jeffrey M. , Sehgal Amita
Published: February 2021

Circadian regulation of tumors provides a basis for chemotherapy at specific times of day.
Under pressure: Hydrogel swelling in a granular medium
Authors: Louf Jean-François , Lu Nancy B. , O’Connell Margaret G. , Cho H. Jeremy , Datta Sujit S.
Published: February 2021

Visualization reveals that confinement in a granular medium hinders hydrogel swelling, with implications for agriculture.
Prostaglandin E
2
promotes intestinal inflammation via inhibiting microbiota-dependent regulatory T cells
Authors: Crittenden Siobhan , Goepp Marie , Pollock Jolinda , Robb Calum T. , Smyth Danielle J. , Zhou You , Andrews Robert , Tyrrell Victoria , Gkikas Konstantinos , Adima Alexander , O’Connor Richard A. , Davies Luke , Li Xue-Feng , Yao Hatti X. , Ho Gwo-Tzer , Zheng Xiaozhong , Mair Amil , Vermeren Sonja , Qian Bin-Zhi , Mole Damian J. , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Schwarze Jürgen K. J. , Breyer Richard M. , Arends Mark J. , O’Donnell Valerie B. , Iredale John P. , Anderton Stephen M. , Narumiya Shuh , Maizels Rick M. , Rossi Adriano G. , Howie Sarah E. , Yao Chengcan
Published: February 2021

PGE
2
inhibits T
regs
and promotes intestinal inflammation through actions on mononuclear phagocytes and the gut microbiota.
Population collapse in Congo rainforest from 400 CE urges reassessment of the Bantu Expansion
Authors: Seidensticker Dirk , Hubau Wannes , Verschuren Dirk , Fortes-Lima Cesar , de Maret Pierre , Schlebusch Carina M. , Bostoen Koen
Published: February 2021

Settlement of the Central African rainforest before transatlantic slave trade was not a continuous but spread-over-spread process.
Precise control of synthetic hydrogel network structure via linear, independent synthesis-swelling relationships
Authors: Richbourg N. R. , Wancura M. , Gilchrist A. E. , Toubbeh S. , Harley B. A. C. , Cosgriff-Hernandez E. , Peppas N. A.
Published: February 2021

Structural hydrogel design precisely controls swelling, challenges fundamental equations, and predicts physical properties.
Insights into neutralizing antibody responses in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Chile
Authors: Beltrán-Pavez Carolina , Riquelme-Barrios Sebastián , Oyarzún-Arrau Aarón , Gaete-Argel Aracelly , González-Stegmaier Roxana , Cereceda-Solis Karina , Aguirre Adam , Travisany Dante , Palma-Vejares Ricardo , Barriga Gonzalo P. , Gaggero Aldo , Martínez-Valdebenito Constanza , Le Corre Nicole , Ferrés Marcela , Balcells María Elvira , Fernandez Jorge , Ramírez Eugenio , Villarroel Franz , Valiente-Echeverría Fernando , Soto-Rifo Ricardo
Published: February 2021

An HIV-1–based pseudotype allows the rapid quantification of neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Like dissolves like: A first-principles theory for predicting liquid miscibility and mixture dielectric constant
Authors: Zhuang Bilin , Ramanauskaite Gabriele , Koa Zhao Yuan , Wang Zhen-Gang
Published: February 2021

The empirical “like-dissolves-like” rule for liquid miscibility can be quantified.
Anti–USAG-1 therapy for tooth regeneration through enhanced BMP signaling
Authors: Murashima-Suginami A. , Kiso H. , Tokita Y. , Mihara E. , Nambu Y. , Uozumi R. , Tabata Y. , Bessho K. , Takagi J. , Sugai M. , Takahashi K.
Published: February 2021

Cell-free molecular therapy targeting USAG-1 is effective in the treatment of a wide range of congenital tooth agenesis.
Effect of tolerance on the evolution of antibiotic resistance under drug combinations
Authors: Liu Jiafeng , Gefen Orit , Ronin Irine , Bar-Meir Maskit , Balaban Nathalie Q.
Published: February 2021

Challenges of drug combinations

Combinations of antibiotics are used to treat intractable infections such as methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
. Clinically, however, drugs tend to be used empirically, and results can be contradictory. Liu
et al.
translated observations made in vitro to patient samples to understand the role of antibiotic tolerance in promoting or suppressing resistance when drug combinations are used (see the Perspective by Berti and Hirsch). Although bacterial populations exposed to multiple antibiotics can develop tolerance to multiple drugs, one drug in a combination may be able counter resistance to a partner drug and provide effective therapy. However, if tolerance has already emerged to one drug, the combination may end up promoting the transmission of resistance to a partner drug.

Science
, this issue p.
200
; see also p.
141
Observation of an isomerizing double-well quantum system in the condensed phase
Authors: Lau Jascha A. , Choudhury Arnab , Li Chen , Schwarzer Dirk , Verma Varun B. , Wodtke Alec M.
Published: February 2021

Upside-down molecules on a salt surface

The quantum states of molecules are usually measured in gas-phase studies to minimize collisions that would blur the spectra. However, for carbon monoxide (CO) molecules adsorbed on a NaCl(100) surface, infrared emission from even high vibrational states can be resolved. In quantum-state resolved spectra, Lau
et al.
found that infrared-laser excitation of a monolayer of CO adsorbed on NaCl(100) forms an isomer in which CO binds to Na
+
through its O atom in an upside-down configuration (see the Perspective by Wu). These results could be understood with a simple vibrationally adiabatic electrostatic theory, making this system convenient for studies of the isomerization chemistry.

Science
, this issue p.
175
; see also p.
148
Innate cell microenvironments in lymph nodes shape the generation of T cell responses during type I inflammation
Authors: Leal Joseph M. , Huang Jessica Y. , Kohli Karan , Stoltzfus Caleb , Lyons-Cohen Miranda R. , Olin Brandy E. , Gale Michael , Gerner Michael Y.
Published: February 2021

Distinct myeloid cell microenvironments in LNs promote divergent T cell programming during type I inflammation.
Single-cell analysis of human B cell maturation predicts how antibody class switching shapes selection dynamics
Authors: King Hamish W. , Orban Nara , Riches John C. , Clear Andrew J. , Warnes Gary , Teichmann Sarah A. , James Louisa K.
Published: February 2021

Integrated single-cell transcriptomic and BCR analyses reveal how antibody class switching influences human B cell fate and function.
Variations of Source Composition and Melting Degrees of Olivine-Phyric Rocks from Kamchatsky Mys: Results of Geochemical Modeling of Trace Element Contents in Melts
Authors: Nekrylov N. , Korneeva A. A. , Savelyev D. P. , Antsiferova T. N.
Published: February 2021

We conducted the geochemical modeling of trace element contents for primary melts of olivine-phyric rocks from Kamchatsky Mys. This modeling reveals substantial chemical heterogeneity of their source while the average source composition is close to the enriched DMM (E-DMM). The average estimation of the melting degree is in the range from 9.1 ± 3.8% for the model of modal batch melting to 15.4 ± 5.2% for the model of accumulated fractional melting, which is slightly higher than the estimation for primitive mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) glasses (7.4 ± 2.2% and 12.5 ± 3.8% respectively). It is in a good agreement with high melting degrees estimated earlier for other rocks of the Kamchatsky Mys ophiolites. Low pressure of mantle melting caused by the elevated speed of decompression relative to the average MORB could explain elevated melting degrees estimated for Kamhcatsky Mys ophiolites as well as their characteristic Sr-anomalies and sulfide saturation on the earliest stages of magmatic evolution.
Interacting generalized anisotropic scalar field models
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Nawazish Iqra , Irshad Nimra
Published: February 2021

This paper is devoted to investigate the interacting generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy model in the background of anisotropic universe in general relativity. We analyze the two parameters i.e., hubble parameter and equation of state parameter to explore the cosmological evolution of the Bianchi type universe. We study scalar field dark energy models i.e., quintessence, dilaton, K-essence and tachyon to check the consistency of the current universe with their scalar field and corresponding potentials. Further, we check the compatibility of fractional density of matter and dark energy with recent observations of Plank along with their graphical analysis. It is remarkable to conclude that that both fractional densities admits consistency with Plank data 2018 in all cases of Bainchi type universe.
Sterile neutrinos, black hole vacuum and holographic principle
Authors: Barenboim Gabriela , Hill Christopher T.
Published: February 2021

We construct an effective field theory (EFT) model that describes matter field interactions with Schwarzschild mini-black-holes (SBH’s), treated as a scalar field, $$B_0(x)$$

B
0

(
x
)

. Fermion interactions with SBH’s require a complex spurion field, $$\theta _{ij}$$

θ

ij

, which we interpret as the EFT description of “holographic information,” which is correlated with the SBH as a composite system. We consider Hawking’s virtual black hole vacuum (VBH) as a Higgs phase, $$\langle B_0 \rangle =V$$

⟨

B
0

⟩
=
V

. Integrating sterile neutrino loops, the information field $$\theta _{ij}$$

θ

ij

is promoted to a dynamical field, necessarily developing a tachyonic instability and acquiring a VEV of order the Planck scale. For N sterile neutrinos this breaks the vacuum to $$SU(N)\times U(1)/SO(N)$$

S
U
(
N
)
×
U
(
1
)
/
S
O
(
N
)

with N degenerate Majorana masses, and $$\frac{1}{2}N(N+1)$$

1
2

N

(
N
+
1
)

Nambu-Goldstone neutrino-Majorons. The model suggests many scalars fields, corresponding to all fermion bilinears, may exist bound nonperturbatively by gravity.
Abstract Geometrical Computation 10
Authors: Becker Florent , Besson Tom , Durand-Lose Jérôme , Emmanuel Aurélien , Foroughmand-Araabi Mohammad-Hadi , Goliaei Sama , Heydarshahi Shahrzad
Published: February 2021

Signal machines form an abstract and idealized model of collision computing. Based on dimensionless signals moving on the real line, they model particle/signal dynamics in Cellular Automata. Each particle, or
signal
, moves at constant speed in continuous time and space. When signals meet, they get replaced by other signals. A signal machine defines the types of available signals, their speeds, and the rules for replacement in collision.

A signal machine
A
simulates another one
B
if all the space-time diagrams of
B
can be generated from space-time diagrams of
A
by removing some signals and renaming other signals according to local information. Given any finite set of speeds
S
we construct a signal machine that is able to simulate any signal machine whose speeds belong to
S
. Each signal is simulated by a
macro-signal
, a ray of parallel signals. Each macro-signal has a main signal located exactly where the simulated signal would be, as well as auxiliary signals that encode its id and the collision rules of the simulated machine.

The simulation of a collision, a
macro-collision
, consists of two phases. In the first phase, macro-signals are shrunk, and then the macro-signals involved in the collision are identified and it is ensured that no other macro-signal comes too close. If some do, the process is aborted and the macro-signals are shrunk, so that the correct macro-collision will eventually be restarted and successfully initiated. Otherwise, the second phase starts: the appropriate collision rule is found and new macro-signals are generated accordingly.

Considering all finite sets of speeds
S
and their corresponding simulators provides an intrinsically universal family of signal machines.
Participation of Monocyte Subpopulations in Progression of Experimental Endotoxemia (EE) and Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Radzyukevich Yaroslav V. , Kosyakova Ninel I. , Prokhorenko Isabella R.
Published: February 2021

Systemic inflammation plays a crucial role in formation of various pathological conditions, including sepsis, burns, and traumas. The main effector cells participating in progression of systemic inflammation response and sepsis are monocytes, which regulate both innate and acquired immunity via phagocytosis, synthesis of cytokines and chemokines, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation. Thus, the monocytes are considered as a link between innate and acquired immunity. The monocyte subpopulations taken into consideration in the study essentially determine the progression of systemic inflammation and could serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. The complexity of the analysis of pathophysiology of systemic inflammation lies in its high variability conditioned by individual peculiarities of the patients and inflammation progression specifications. To overcome these limitation, model of experimental endotoxemia (EE) is used. The results of EE, in turn, cannot be directly extrapolated on patients with the systemic inflammatory response. This review is dedicated to discussing the role of monocyte subpopulations in progression of systemic inflammation/sepsis and EE.
Fractional Stress Relaxation Model of Rock Freeze‐Thaw Damage
Authors: Liu Q. , Chen W. , Guo J. K. , Li R. F. , Ke D. , Wu Y. , Tian W. , Li X. Z.
Published: February 2021

Freeze‐thaw cycle is a type of fatigue loading, and rock stress relaxation under freeze‐thaw cycles takes into account the influence of the freeze‐thaw cycle damage and deterioration. Rock stress relaxation under freeze‐thaw cycles is one of the paramount issues in tunnel and slope stability research. To accurately describe the mechanical behaviour of stress relaxation of rocks under freeze‐thaw, the software element is constructed based on the theory of fractional calculus to replace the ideal viscous element in the traditional element model. The freeze‐thaw damage degradation of viscosity coefficient is considered. A new three‐element model is established to better reflect the nonlinear stress relaxation behavior of rocks under freeze‐thaw. The freeze‐thaw and stress relaxation of rock are simulated by ABAQUS, the relevant model parameters are determined, and the stress relaxation equation of rock under freeze‐thaw cycle is obtained based on numerical simulation results. The research shows that the test results are consistent with the calculated results, indicating that the constitutive equation can better describe the stress relaxation characteristics of rocks under freeze‐thaw and provide theoretical basis for surrounding rock support in cold region.
Synchronization of a Class of Chaotic Systems with Both Uncertainty and Disturbance by the UDE-Based Control Method
Authors: Wang Zuoxun , Sha Hongsheng
Published: February 2021

In this paper, chaotic synchronization with uncertainties and disturbances is studied. Firstly, a new control method based on UDE control is proposed, which is composed of two controllers: one is the stabilization controller in order to realize the stabilization of nominal system without uncertainties and disturbances and the other is the UDE controller in order to deal with the given controlled system with both uncertainties and disturbances. Then, two examples are studied by the above method. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the method are verified by numerical simulation.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Involved in Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells
Authors: Yi Shanyong , Shi Weibo , Zuo Min , Wang Songjun , Ma Rufei , Bi Haitao , Cong Bin , Li Yingmin
Published: February 2021

Objective. The present study selected PC12 cells to construct a neuronal injury model induced by glucocorticoids (GC) in vitro, aiming to explore whether the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and inositol requirement 1 (IRE1)-apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)-C-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways are associated with the neuronal injury process induced by GC and provide morphological evidence. Methods. Cell models with different doses and different durations of GC exposure were established. The viability of PC12 cells was detected by the CCK-8 assay, and the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells was detected by the flow cytometry assay. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (Map2); glucocorticoids receptor (GR); cellular oncogene fos (C-fos); and ERS-related proteins, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), p-PERK, p-IRE1, ATF4, ASK1, JNK, and CHOP, was observed by immunofluorescence staining. Results. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that PC12 cells abundantly expressed Map2 and GR. The CCK-8 assay revealed that high-concentration GC exposure significantly inhibited the cell viability of PC12 cells. The flow cytometry assay indicated that high-concentration GC exposure significantly increased the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed that GC exposure significantly increased the expression of C-fos, GRP78, p-PERK, p-IRE1, ATF4, ASK1, JNK, and CHOP. Treatment with ERS inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and GR inhibitor RU38486 attenuated related damage and downregulated the expression of the abovementioned proteins. Conclusion. High-concentration GC exposure can significantly inhibit the viability of PC12 cells and induce apoptosis. PERK-ATF4-CHOP and IRE1-ASK1-JNK pathways are involved in the above damage process.
A New General Decay Rate of Wave Equation with Memory-Type Boundary Control
Authors: Fan Sheng
Published: February 2021

Of interest is a wave equation with memory-type boundary oscillations, in which the forced oscillations of the rod is given by a memory term at the boundary. We establish a new general decay rate to the system. And it possesses the character of damped oscillations and tends to a finite value for a large time. By assuming the resolvent kernel that is more general than those in previous papers, we establish a more general energy decay result. Hence the result improves earlier results in the literature.
Interpretation of Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Permanent Canines in Saudi Subpopulation: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study
Authors: Almohaimede Amal A. , Alqahtani Alanoud A. , Alhatlani Norah M. , Alsaloom Nouf S. , Alqahtani Shafia A.
Published: February 2021

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the root canal anatomy of permanent canines in a Saudi subpopulation utilizing CBCT. A total of 1328 CBCT images of maxillary (634) and mandibular (694) permanent canines were collected from Saudi patients who visited the College of Dentistry at King Saud University in Riyadh. The images were analyzed for root and canal numbers, canal configuration types, and symmetry between the bilateral canine teeth in each arch. Gender, age, and tooth position were recorded. The Kappa test was used for both inter- and intraexaminer reliabilities. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test at aP value≤0.05. There were no two-rooted teeth in maxillary canines, and 1.89% had two canals. Double roots and double canals in mandibular canines were found in 2.88% and 9.94% of the teeth, respectively. Type I canal configuration was more common in maxillary canines (97.94%) compared to mandibular canines (92.07%). Maxillary canines showed higher bilateral symmetries of root and canal numbers and canal configuration types (100%, 98.1%, and 97.9%, resp.) compared to mandibular canines (97.1%, 90.1%, and 92.1%, respectively). The majority of maxillary and mandibular canines had a single root with a single canal and type I canal configuration. Mandibular canines are characterized by having more than one root and canal and alterations in root canal configurations compared to maxillary canines.
Artificial Intelligence‐Based Surface Roughness Estimation Modelling for Milling of AA6061 Alloy
Authors: Eser Aykut , Aşkar Ayyıldız Elmas , Ayyıldız Mustafa , Kara Fuat
Published: February 2021

This study introduces the improvement of mathematical and predictive models of surface roughness parameter (Ra) in milling AA6061 alloy using carbide cutting tools coated with CVD‐TiCN in dry condition. An experimental model has been improved for estimating the surface roughness using artificial neural networks (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). For these models, cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate were evaluated as input parameters for experimental design. For the ANN modelling, the standard backpropagation algorithm was established to be the optimum selection for training the model. In the forming of the network construction, five different learning algorithms were used: the conjugate gradient backpropagation, Levenberg–Marquardt, scaled conjugate gradient, quasi‐Newton backpropagation, and resilient backpropagation. The best consequent with single hidden layers for the surface roughness was obtained by 3‐8‐1 network structures. The statistical analysis was performed with RSM‐based second‐order mathematics model. The influences of the cutting parameters on surface roughness were defined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA results show that the depth of cut is the most effective parameter on surface roughness. Prediction models developed using ANN and RSM were compared in terms of prediction accuracy R2, MEP, and RMSE. The data estimated from ANN and RSM were realized to be very close to the data acquired from experimental studies. The value R2 of RSM model was higher than the values of the ANN model which demonstrated the stability and sturdiness of the RSM method.
Influence of Chest and Diaphragm Manual Therapy on the Spirometry Parameters in Patients with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rutka Magdalena , Myśliwiec Andrzej , Wolny Tomasz , Gogola Anna , Linek Paweł
Published: February 2021

Objective. To evaluate the influence of manual therapy of the chest and diaphragm on the spirometry parameters in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Method. The study was carried out on 20 youths with CP. All participated in 6 sessions (3 sham and 3 actual), with measurements of spirometry at baseline, postsham therapies 1 and 3, before actual therapy, and postactual therapy sessions 1 and 3. Two manual techniques were included: soft tissue mobilization of the chest and the diaphragm. Results. After the first actual therapy, there was a significant (p < 0.01) improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) by 0.23 L (8% of the average predicted value) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) by 0.18 L (7% of the average predicted value) as compared to results before the therapy. Change in FVC parameter was clinically significant, whereas change in FEV1 was not clinically significant. After sham therapy, there was no improvement in spirometry parameters as compared to baseline results. Conclusion. Single‐time manual therapy of the chest and diaphragm has a positive effect on FVC and FEV1.
The Release of Endogenous Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Danjiangkou Reservoir: A Double‐Membrane Diffusion Model Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhiqi , Ren Hongxin , Ma Zhaolong , Yao Zhihong , Duan Pengfei , Ji Guodong
Published: February 2021

Endogenous contamination from the newly submerged sediment may have an impact on the water quality of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, the water source of the middle route of the South‐to‐North Water Diversion Project. In this study, in situ sediment samples were collected at different locations (Guojiashan (DJK1), Kongqueyuan (DJK2), Shijiagou (DJK3), Shiqiao Wharf (DJK4), and Songgang Wharf (DJK5) from the north to the south) of the Danjiangkou Reservoir and the upstream tributary using a columnar sediment sampler and statically cultured in laboratory, and the distribution and release of endogenous N and P from the sediment were investigated based on a double‐membrane diffusion model. The results showed that the P contents in the main reservoir and the upstream tributary followed the order of inorganic phosphorus (IP) > organic phosphorus (OP) > calcium − phosphorus (Ca − P) > iron − phosphorus (Fe − P) > labile phosphorus (LP). IP accounted for the largest proportion (47.10‐59.70%) of total phosphorus (TP), while LP accounted for only a small proportion (0.10‐0.90%) of TP. There is a significant difference in the spatial distribution of P at different sampling points, especially for the OP content (226.90 mg·kg-1) with a coefficient of variation of 26.90%. The contents of different forms of P and NH4+‐N decreased from the upstream tributary to the main reservoir, which was mainly attributed to the land use type. In the vertical distribution, the contents of different forms of P in DJK4 and DJK5 decreased with the increase of sediment depth. The contents of NH4+‐N and PO43-‐P in the sediment interstitial water of DJK4 and DJK5 were higher than those in the overlying water. In addition, the contents of NH4+‐N and PO43-‐P were higher in DJK5 than that in DJK4. The static culture experiments showed that N and P were mainly released from the sediment‐overlying water interface to the overlying water. The release rate of NH4+‐N and PO43-‐P ranged from 13.08 mg·(m2·d)-1 to 21.39 mg·(m2·d)-1 and from 3.06 mg·(m2·d)-1 to 6.02 mg·(m2·d)-1, and the release amount calculated based on the double‐membrane diffusion model was 1.17 × 103 t·a-1 and 0.53 × 103 t·a-1, respectively. Thus, endogenous contamination from the newly submerged land is an important factor affecting the water quality of the Danjiangkou Reservoir.
Industry 4.0‐Driven Development of Optimization Algorithms: A Systematic Overview
Authors: Csalódi Róbert , Süle Zoltán , Jaskó Szilárd , Holczinger Tibor , Abonyi János
Published: February 2021

The Fourth Industrial Revolution means the digital transformation of production systems. Cyber‐physical systems allow for the horizontal and vertical integration of these production systems as well as the exploitation of the benefits via optimization tools. This article reviews the impact of Industry 4.0 solutions concerning optimization tasks and optimization algorithms, in addition to the identification of the new R&D directions driven by new application options. The basic organizing principle of this overview of the literature is to explore the requirements of optimization tasks, which are needed to perform horizontal and vertical integration. This systematic review presents content from 900 articles on Industry 4.0 and optimization as well as 388 articles on Industry 4.0 and scheduling. It is our hope that this work can serve as a starting point for researchers and developers in the field.
Container Slot Allocation for Time-Sensitive Cargo in Maritime Transportation: A One-Phase Model with consideration of Port Congestion
Authors: Yao Qi , Xu Lu , Zhang Qin
Published: February 2021

This paper studies a container slot allocation problem with dynamic pricing for time-sensitive cargo considering port congestion. Time-sensitive cargo calls for express delivery as soon as possible, and hence a new pricing pattern is proposed considering port congestion. To solve the slot allocation with dynamic pricing issue, a one-phase allocation model which is from different points of view on slot allocation strategy is proposed to formulate this problem. Finally, numerical examples are carried out to test the applicability of the proposed model and solution algorithm.
Antiprotozoal Compounds from Urolepis hecatantha (Asteraceae)
Authors: Elso Orlando G. , Clavin Maria , Hernandez Natalia , Sgarlata Tomás , Bach Hernán , Catalan César A. N. , Aguilera Elena , Alvarez Guzman , Sülsen Valeria P.
Published: February 2021

The dewaxed dichloromethane extract of Urolepis hecatantha and the compounds isolated from it were tested for their in vitro activity on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and Leishmania infantum promastigotes. The extract of U. hecatantha showed activity against both parasites with IC50 values of 7 µg/mL and 31 µg/mL, respectively. Fractionation of the dichloromethane extract led to the isolation of euparin, jaceidin, santhemoidin C, and eucannabinolide. The sesquiterpene lactones eucannabinolide and santhemoidin C were active on T. cruzi with IC50 values of 10 ± 2 µM (4.2 µg/mL) and 18 ± 3 µM (7.6 µg/mL), respectively. Euparin and santhemoidin C were the most active on L. infantum with IC50 values of 18 ± 4 µM (3.9 µg/mL) and 19 ± 4 µM (8.0 µg/mL), respectively. Eucannabinolide has also shown drug-like pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties.
Inverted ILM Flap Technique in Idiopathic Full-Thickness Macular Hole Surgery: Functional Outcomes and Their Correlation with Morphologic Findings
Authors: Carpineto Paolo , Borrelli Enrico , Cerino Luca , Guarini Daniele , Aharrh-Gnama Agbeanda , Ciciarelli Vincenzo , Iafigliola Carla , Mastropasqua Leonardo
Published: February 2021

Objectives. The inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique has been shown to increase the success rate in large full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) and in FTMHs associated with high myopia. The aim of our study was to confirm the efficacy and safety of inverted ILM flap technique in idiopathic FTMHs independent of their dimensions and to assess functional outcomes and their correlation to morphologic findings. Methods. Sixteen consecutive patients affected by idiopathic FTMH were enrolled in this prospective study. The preoperative mean (±SD) diameter of the FTMH was 422 (±106) µm. All patients underwent vitrectomy and ILM peeling with inverted ILM flap. At 1-, 3-, and 6-month postoperative visits, visual acuity measurement, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and microperimetry were performed, and the foveal contour and the integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) were investigated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Results. At six months postoperatively, 15 out of 16 (93.75%) patients obtained FTMH closure. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 1.1 LogMAR to 0.3 LogMAR, and the mean retinal sensitivity (MS) improved from 7.2 to 23.4 dB. ELM defects were evident in 1 out of 16 (6.25%) eyes, and EZ defects were detected in 2 out of 16 (12,50%) eyes. A statistically significant relationship was observed between BCVA, MS, and EZ reconstitution at each follow-up visit. Conclusions. Results confirm that the inverted ILM flap technique is a safe and effective option for FTMH treatment and show a strong correlation between higher BCVAs and MSs and EZ reconstitution after surgery.
A Hysteresis Dynamic Mathematical Model Approach to Parametric Estimation System
Authors: Ponce de León Puig Nubia Ilia , Acho Leonardo , Rodellar José
Published: February 2021

The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a recent hysteresis dynamic model which is successfully employed within a posited signal modulator. The modulation of signals is a commonly required stage in many engineering applications, such as telecommunications, power electronics, and control, among others. In this paper, the effectiveness of a signal modulator based on the well-known Delta modulator when it contains a dynamic hysteresis system within its main structure is presented. To do that, it is resorted to an application of the granted Hysteresis-Delta Modulator. This application consists of including the modulator within an adaptive scheme, since it is well known that the persistent excitation condition is required, for instance, in parameter estimation tasks. Hence, the main functional property of the modulator with hysteresis is its ability of producing a modulated signal with uniform high-frequency content even when its input is not a permanent persistent excitation signal. To highlight the main contribution of this paper, a numerical experiment of a parameter estimation system is developed to compare the performance of the modulator with the proposed hysteresis model and two other previously reported hysteresis systems. That is, three different scenarios have been tested in the parameter estimation of a nonminimum phase system. Finally, the numerical experiments confirm that the proposed hysteresis model along with the modulator provides the best performance as expected.
Numerical Simulation of Seepage and Deformation in Excavation of a Deep Foundation Pit under Water-Rich Fractured Intrusive Rock
Authors: Yuan Changfeng , Hu Zhenhui , Zhu Zhen , Yuan Zijin , Fan Yanxiang , Guan Hui , Li Liang
Published: February 2021

Water is one of the major risk sources in the excavation of deep-large foundation pits in a water-rich area. The presence of intrusive broken diorite porphyrite in the stratum aggravates the risk level of deep foundation pits. Based on a geological survey report and design documents of parameter information, MIDAS/GTS software was used to perform the numerical simulation of an engineering example of a deep foundation pit project of ultradeep and water-rich intrusion into the broken rock station of subway line 4 in a city. The simulation results show the characteristics of seepage path evolution, seepage aggregation areas and points, and the effect of seepage on the deformation of a deep foundation pit during the whole construction of this deep foundation pit. The results show that with the precipitation-excavation of the deep foundation pit, the pore water pressure at the bottom of the foundation pit follows a distribution of three “concave” shapes. High-permeability pressure zones are found around the foundation pit, intruding broken diorite porphyrite zones, and middle coarse sand zones. With further excavation of the foundation pit, the seepage pressure in the middle part of the foundation pit gradually decreases, and the two “concave” distributions in the middle gradually merge together. After excavation to the bottom of the pit, the pore water pressure at the bottom is distributed in two asymmetrical “concave” shapes, and the maximum peak of pore water pressure is found at the intrusion of fractured porphyrites prone to water inrush. The four corners of the foundation pit are prone to form seepage accumulation zones; therefore, suffosion and piping zones are formed. The surface settlement caused by excavation is found to be the largest along the longitudinal axis of the deep foundation pit, whereas the largest deformation is found near the foundation pit side in the horizontal axis direction of the foundation pit. With the excavation of the deep foundation pit, the diaphragm wall converges to the foundation pit with the maximum deformation reaching about 25 mm. After the first precipitation-excavation of the deep foundation pit to the silty clay and the bottom of the pit with the largest uplift, with further precipitation-excavation of the deep foundation pit, the uplift at the bottom of the deep foundation pit changes only slightly.
Latent Class Analysis in Depression, Including Clinical and Functional Variables: Evidence of a Complex Depressive Subtype in Primary Care in Chile
Authors: Vitriol Verónica , Cancino Alfredo , Serrano Carlos , Ballesteros Soledad , Ormazábal Marcela , Leiva-Bianchi Marcelo , Salgado Carolina , Cáceres Cristian , Potthoff Soledad , Orellana Francisca , Asenjo Andrea
Published: February 2021

Objective. To establish differentiated depressive subtypes using a latent class analysis (LCA), including clinical and functional indicators in a sample of depressed patients consulted in Chilean Primary Health Care. Methods. A LCA was performed on a sample of 297 depressed patients consulted in Chilean PHC. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Outcome Questionnaire -social role, and interpersonal subscales were as instruments. A regression analysis of the different subtypes with sociodemographic and adverse life experiences was performed. Results. In a sample characterized by 87.5% of women, two, three, and four latent class models were obtained. The three-class model likely represents the best clinical implications. In this model, the classes were labeled: “complex depression” (CD) (58% of the sample), “recurrent depression” (RD) (34%), and “single depression episode” (SD) (8%). Members of CD showed a higher probability of history of suicide attempts, interpersonal, and social dysfunction. Psychiatric comorbidities differentiated the RD from SD. According to a multinomial regression model, childhood trauma experiences, recent stressful life experiences, and intimate partner violence events were associated with the CD class (

p
<
0.01

). Limitations. The vast majority of participants were females from Chile and the sample studied was not random. So, the results may not necessarily represent outpatient clinics. Conclusions. This study can provide additional evidence that depression, specifically in female gender, could be better understood as a complex heterogeneous disorder when clinical and functional indicators are studied. Furthermore, adverse life experiences starting in childhood could lead to a differentiated complex depressive subtype.
Laparoscopic Bilateral Adrenalectomy in a Young Female Patient with Recurrent Cushing’s Disease
Authors: Kanchana W. G. P. , Kumarathunga P. A. D. M. , Shakthilingham Gajawathana , Antonypillai Charles , Gunatilake Sonali , Karunasagara D. D. , Jayasingharachchi T. , Pinto V. , Galketiya K. B.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Synchronous bilateral adrenalectomy is undertaken less often due to numerous perioperative challenges and rare circumstances of patients needing this procedure. Bilateral adrenalectomy is an important second-line option for patients with persistent or recurrent hypercortisolism following transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing’s disease. Here, we present a challenging case of synchronous laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy for a young female patient with recurrent Cushing’s disease and fertility wishes. Case Presentation. A 21-year-old recently married patient who was diagnosed with Cushing’s disease with a pituitary microadenoma had undergone two attempts of transsphenoidal excision of the pituitary tumour. Follow-up evaluation showed an unresectable residual tumour with invasion of the intracavernous part of the left internal carotid artery. As the patient had the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis intact with strong fertility wishes, she was offered bilateral adrenalectomy instead of radiotherapy. She was prepared for the surgery with close perioperative support from the endocrinology and anaesthesia teams. Intravenous hydrocortisone infusion was started at the induction of anaesthesia. Transperitoneal approach was used with the patient positioned in left and right lateral positions for right and left glands, respectively. A meticulous surgical technique was used for the identification of adrenal veins to clip them before division followed by handling of the glands. The patient had minimal haemodynamic disturbances during surgery. Intraoperative blood loss was less than 100 ml, and operative time was 220 minutes. She had a gradual recovery following postoperative respiratory distress due to basal atelectasis and consolidation. Cortisol levels were less than 20 nmol/L postoperatively, suggesting successful surgical intervention. Two months after surgery, she continued on maintenance therapy of oral hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone and was encouraged to go ahead with pregnancy. Conclusion. Although bilateral adrenalectomy is considered a high-risk procedure, these risks can be mitigated and performed safely while maintaining close multidisciplinary perioperative support.
Deep ChaosNet for Action Recognition in Videos
Authors: Chen Huafeng , Zhang Maosheng , Gao Zhengming , Zhao Yunhong
Published: February 2021

Current methods of chaos‐based action recognition in videos are limited to the artificial feature causing the low recognition accuracy. In this paper, we improve ChaosNet to the deep neural network and apply it to action recognition. First, we extend ChaosNet to deep ChaosNet for extracting action features. Then, we send the features to the low‐level LSTM encoder and high‐level LSTM encoder for obtaining low‐level coding output and high‐level coding results, respectively. The agent is a behavior recognizer for producing recognition results. The manager is a hidden layer, responsible for giving behavioral segmentation targets at the high level. Our experiments are executed on two standard action datasets: UCF101 and HMDB51. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state of the art.
A Nondominated Sorting Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm for Multiobjective Distribution Network Reconfiguration with Distributed Generations
Authors: Tran The Tung , Truong Bao-Huy , Dang Tuan Khanh , Vo Ngoc Dieu
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to propose a new multiobjective algorithm for multiobjective distributed network reconfiguration (DNR) with the placements of distributed generation (DG) in radial distribution networks (RDNs). The new proposed algorithm, called the nondominated sorting stochastic fractal search (NSSFS), is a new multiobjective version of the original SFS algorithm. NSSFS incorporated fast nondominated sorting strategies, crowding distance computation, and selection mechanism into SFS to find and maintain the best nondominated solutions. The proposed NSSFS algorithm was tested with eight multiobjective benchmark test functions to validate its performance. The NSSFS was then implemented to define the optimal network configuration, positions, and sizes of DG units in the RDNs, where real power loss, voltage profile, and voltage stability index were optimized simultaneously. The implementation of multiobjective DNR-DG (MODNR-DG) significantly enhanced the performance of the system. Based on the comparison outcomes, the NSSFS algorithm obtained better solution quality than other multiobjective techniques, proving the effectiveness of NSSFS in dealing with the MODNR-DG problem.
Influence of Foundation Pit Excavation and Precipitation on Settlement of Surrounding Buildings
Authors: Wei Hongming
Published: February 2021

With the large‐scale development of urban underground space, foundation pit engineering has become one of the important geotechnical engineering topics in urban construction. In this paper, the effects of foundation pit excavation and precipitation on adjacent buildings are studied in detail. The main research work includes the following aspects: summarizing and analyzing the soil consolidation theory, foundation pit excavation, and precipitation process; the influencing factors of the adjacent soil layer displacement; the influence mechanism and influence types of foundation pit excavation and precipitation on adjacent buildings. The finite element model considering the whole process of foundation pit excavation is established, and the variation law of the upper layer displacement around the foundation pit is analyzed. The deformation law of the retaining structure, the calculation results of precipitation and nonprecipitation, and different excavation methods will be analyzed and compared. The calculation results show that the displacement of the soil layer around the foundation pit is also different between different excavation methods. As the distance between the foundation pits increases, the lateral displacement of the underground continuous wall near the frame structure gradually decreases. The distance from the foundation pit wall is 30 m. The maximum value of the lateral shift is reduced by 4.7% compared with 5 m. The foundation pit is studied, as well as the law of internal force variation of adjacent buildings caused by digging and precipitation, and checking the safety and adaptability of structural members. The calculation results show that a large additional internal force will be generated on the bottom floor of the adjacent building, and some structural members will be damaged by the bearing capacity.
Convolutional Neural Network Based Vehicle Classification in Adverse Illuminous Conditions for Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Butt Muhammad Atif , Khattak Asad Masood , Shafique Sarmad , Hayat Bashir , Abid Saima , Kim Ki-Il , Ayub Muhammad Waqas , Sajid Ahthasham , Adnan Awais
Published: February 2021

In step with rapid advancements in computer vision, vehicle classification demonstrates a considerable potential to reshape intelligent transportation systems. In the last couple of decades, image processing and pattern recognition‐based vehicle classification systems have been used to improve the effectiveness of automated highway toll collection and traffic monitoring systems. However, these methods are trained on limited handcrafted features extracted from small datasets, which do not cater the real‐time road traffic conditions. Deep learning‐based classification systems have been proposed to incorporate the above‐mentioned issues in traditional methods. However, convolutional neural networks require piles of data including noise, weather, and illumination factors to ensure robustness in real‐time applications. Moreover, there is no generalized dataset available to validate the efficacy of vehicle classification systems. To overcome these issues, we propose a convolutional neural network‐based vehicle classification system to improve robustness of vehicle classification in real‐time applications. We present a vehicle dataset comprising of 10,000 images categorized into six‐common vehicle classes considering adverse illuminous conditions to achieve robustness in real‐time vehicle classification systems. Initially, pretrained AlexNet, GoogleNet, Inception‐v3, VGG, and ResNet are fine‐tuned on self‐constructed vehicle dataset to evaluate their performance in terms of accuracy and convergence. Based on better performance, ResNet architecture is further improved by adding a new classification block in the network. To ensure generalization, we fine‐tuned the network on the public VeRi dataset containing 50,000 images, which have been categorized into six vehicle classes. Finally, a comparison study has been carried out between the proposed and existing vehicle classification methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed vehicle classification system. Consequently, our proposed system achieved 99.68%, 99.65%, and 99.56% accuracy, precision, and F1‐score on our self‐constructed dataset.
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Its Implications in Asthma
Authors: Bajbouj Khuloud , Ramakrishnan Rakhee K. , Hamid Qutayba
Published: February 2021

Asthma is a chronic airway disorder associated with aberrant inflammatory and remodeling responses. Angiogenesis and associated vascular remodeling are one of the pathological hallmarks of asthma. The mechanisms underlying angiogenesis in asthmatic airways and its clinical relevance represent a relatively nascent field in asthma when compared to other airway remodeling features. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteases that play an important role in both physiological and pathological conditions. In addition to facilitating extracellular matrix turnover, these proteolytic enzymes cleave bioactive molecules, thereby regulating cell signaling. MMPs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma by interacting with both the airway inflammatory cells and the resident structural cells. MMPs also cover a broad range of angiogenic functions, from the degradation of the vascular basement membrane and extracellular matrix remodeling to the release of a variety of angiogenic mediators and growth factors. This review focuses on the contribution of MMPs and the regulatory role exerted by them in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in asthma as well as addresses their potential as therapeutic targets in ameliorating angiogenesis in asthma.