bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between vmPFC gray matter volume and smoking initiation in adolescents
Authors: Xiang Shitong , Jia Tianye , Xie Chao , Cheng Wei , Chaarani Bader , Banaschewski Tobias , Barker Gareth J. , Bokde Arun L. W. , Büchel Christian , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Gowland Penny A. , Brühl Rüdiger , Martinot Jean-Luc , Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère , Nees Frauke , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Vaidya Nilakshi , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Garavan Hugh , Schumann Gunter , Sahakian Barbara J. , Robbins Trevor W. , Feng Jianfeng ,   IMAGEN Consortium
Published: August 2023

Smoking of cigarettes among young adolescents is a pressing public health issue. However, the neural mechanisms underlying smoking initiation and sustenance during adolescence, especially the potential causal interactions between altered brain development and smoking behaviour, remain elusive. Here, using large longitudinal adolescence imaging genetic cohorts, we identify associations between left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) gray matter volume (GMV) and subsequent self-reported smoking initiation, and between right vmPFC GMV and the maintenance of smoking behaviour. Rule-breaking behaviour mediates the association between smaller left vmPFC GMV and smoking behaviour based on longitudinal cross-lagged analysis and Mendelian randomisation. In contrast, smoking behaviour associated longitudinal covariation of right vmPFC GMV and sensation seeking (especially hedonic experience) highlights a potential reward-based mechanism for sustaining addictive behaviour. Taken together, our findings reveal vmPFC GMV as a possible biomarker for the early stages of nicotine addiction, with implications for its prevention and treatment.
Quantitative real-time in-cell imaging reveals heterogeneous clusters of proteins prior to condensation
Authors: Lan Chenyang , Kim Juhyeong , Ulferts Svenja , Aprile-Garcia Fernando , Weyrauch Sophie , Anandamurugan Abhinaya , Grosse Robert , Sawarkar Ritwick , Reinhardt Aleks , Hugel Thorsten
Published: August 2023

Our current understanding of biomolecular condensate formation is largely based on observing the final near-equilibrium condensate state. Despite expectations from classical nucleation theory, pre-critical protein clusters were recently shown to form under subsaturation conditions in vitro; if similar long-lived clusters comprising more than a few molecules are also present in cells, our understanding of the physical basis of biological phase separation may fundamentally change. Here, we combine fluorescence microscopy with photobleaching analysis to quantify the formation of clusters of NELF proteins in living, stressed cells. We categorise small and large clusters based on their dynamics and their response to p38 kinase inhibition. We find a broad distribution of pre-condensate cluster sizes and show that NELF protein cluster formation can be explained as non-classical nucleation with a surprisingly flat free-energy landscape for a wide range of sizes and an inhibition of condensation in unstressed cells.
Diversity-oriented synthesis encoded by deoxyoligonucleotides
Authors: Hudson Liam , Mason Jeremy W. , Westphal Matthias V. , Richter Matthieu J. R. , Thielman Jonathan R. , Hua Bruce K. , Gerry Christopher J. , Xia Guoqin , Osswald Heather L. , Knapp John M. , Tan Zher Yin , Kokkonda Praveen , Tresco Ben I. C. , Liu Shuang , Reidenbach Andrew G. , Lim Katherine S. , Poirier Jennifer , Capece John , Bonazzi Simone , Gampe Christian M. , Smith Nichola J. , Bradner James E. , Coley Connor W. , Clemons Paul A. , Melillo Bruno , Hon C. Suk-Yee , Ottl Johannes , Dumelin Christoph E. , Schaefer Jonas V. , Faust Ann Marie E. , Berst Frédéric , Schreiber Stuart L. , Zécri Frédéric J. , Briner Karin
Published: August 2023

Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is a powerful strategy to prepare molecules with underrepresented features in commercial screening collections, resulting in the elucidation of novel biological mechanisms. In parallel to the development of DOS, DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have emerged as an effective, efficient screening strategy to identify protein binders. Despite recent advancements in this field, most DEL syntheses are limited by the presence of sensitive DNA-based constructs. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and validation experiments performed for a 3.7 million-member DEL, generated using diverse skeleton architectures with varying exit vectors and derived from DOS, to achieve structural diversity beyond what is possible by varying appendages alone. We also show screening results for three diverse protein targets. We will make this DEL available to the academic scientific community to increase access to novel structural features and accelerate early-phase drug discovery.
Pillararene incorporated metal–organic frameworks for supramolecular recognition and selective separation
Authors: Wu Yitao , Tang Meiqi , Wang Zeju , Shi Le , Xiong Zhangyi , Chen Zhijie , Sessler Jonathan L. , Huang Feihe
Published: August 2023

Crystalline frameworks containing incorporated flexible macrocycle units can afford new opportunities in molecular recognition and selective separation. However, such functionalized frameworks are difficult to prepare and challenging to characterize due to the flexible nature of macrocycles, which limits the development of macrocycle-based crystalline frameworks. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a set of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) containing pillar[5]arene units. The pillar[5]arene units were uniformly embedded in the periodic frameworks. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed an interpenetrated network that appears to hinder the rotation of the pillar[5]arene repeating units in the frameworks, and it therefore resulted in the successful determination of the precise pillar[5]arene host structure in a MOF crystal. These MOFs can recognize paraquat and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene in solution and selectively remove trace pyridine from toluene with relative ease. The work presented here represents a critical step towards the synthesis of macrocycle-incorporated crystalline frameworks with well-defined structures and functional utility.
Combined PARP and WEE1 inhibition triggers anti-tumor immune response in BRCA1/2 wildtype triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Teo Zhi Ling , O’Connor Mark J. , Versaci Stephanie , Clarke Kylie A. , Brown Emmaline R. , Percy Luke W. , Kuykhoven Keilly , Mintoff Christopher P. , Savas Peter , Virassamy Balaji , Luen Stephen J. , Byrne Ann , Sant Sneha , Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Darcy Phillip K. , Loi Sherene
Published: August 2023

Novel therapeutic strategies that can effectively combine with immunotherapies are needed in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We demonstrate that combined PARP and WEE1 inhibition are synergistic in controlling tumour growth in BRCA1/2 wild-type TNBC preclinical models. The PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib combined with the WEE1 inhibitor (WEE1i) adavosertib triggered increases in anti-tumour immune responses, including STING pathway activation. Combinations with a STING agonist resulted in further improved durable tumour regression and significant improvements in survival outcomes in murine tumour models of BRCA1/2 wild-type TNBC. In addition, we have identified baseline tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels as a potential predictive biomarker of response to PARPi, WEE1i and immunotherapies in BRCA1/2 wild-type TNBC.
Interaction of BMI and respiratory status in obstructive sleep apnea, a cross-sectional COPD study
Authors: Hashiguchi Mizuha Haraguchi , Chubachi Shotaro , Yamasawa Wakako , Otsuka Kengo , Harada Naoko , Miyao Naoki , Nakamura Hidetoshi , Asano Koichiro , Yamaguchi Kazuhiro , Fukunaga Koichi
Published: August 2023

This cross-sectional study of 136 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) investigated the mechanism underlying overlap syndrome, defined as coexisting COPD and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA was defined as a respiratory event index (REI) ≥ 5 events/h, determined using type-3 portable monitors. The mean REI was 12.8 events/h. Most participants (60.1%) had mild OSA (REI: 5–15 events/h). The REI was positively correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (%FEV1) (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.24, p = 0.005), and fat-free mass index (r = 0.31, p = 0.005), and negatively correlated with residual volume divided by total lung capacity (r = −0.27, p = 0.003). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an optimal BMI cutoff of 21.96 kg/m2 for predicting moderate/severe OSA. A BMI ≥ 21.96 kg/m2 was associated with OSA among participants with %FEV1 ≥ 50%, but not those with %FEV1 < 50%. This study revealed an interaction between airflow limitation and hyperinflation, nutritional status, and OSA.
Investigation of vertical and horizontal transmission of Spiroplasma in ticks under laboratory conditions
Authors: Ogata Shohei , Umemiya-Shirafuji Rika , Kusakisako Kodai , Kakisaka Keita , Chatanga Elisha , Hayashi Naoki , Taya Yurie , Ohari Yuma , Pandey Gita Sadaula , Abdelbaset Abdelbaset Eweda , Qiu Yongjin , Matsuno Keita , Nonaka Nariaki , Nakao Ryo
Published: August 2023

Many arthropods harbour bacterial symbionts, which are maintained by vertical and/or horizontal transmission. Spiroplasma is one of the most well-known symbionts of ticks and other arthropods. It is still unclear how Spiroplasma infections have spread in tick populations despite its high prevalence in some tick species. In this study, Ixodes ovatus, which has been reported to harbour Spiroplasma ixodetis at high frequencies, was examined for its vertical transmission potential under experimental conditions. Next, two isolates of tick-derived Spiroplasma, S. ixodetis and Spiroplasma mirum, were experimentally inoculated into Spiroplasma-free Haemaphysalis longicornis colonies and the presence of Spiroplasma in their eggs and larvae was tested. Our experimental data confirmed that S. ixodetis was transmitted to eggs and larvae in a vertical manner in the original host I. ovatus. In the second experiment, there was no significant difference in engorged weight, egg weight, and hatching rate between Spiroplasma-inoculated and control H. longicornis groups. This suggested that Spiroplasma infection does not affect tick reproduction. Spiroplasma DNA was only detected in the eggs and larvae derived from some individuals of S. ixodetis-inoculated groups. This has demonstrated the potential of horizontal transmission between different tick species. These findings may help understand the transmission dynamics of Spiroplasma in nature and its adaptation mechanism to host arthropod species.
The association between dietary pattern and visceral adiposity index, triglyceride-glucose index, inflammation, and body composition among Iranian overweight and obese women
Authors: Gholami Fatemeh , Karimi Zahra , Samadi Mahsa , Sovied Neda , Yekaninejad Mir Saeid , Keshavarz Seyed Ali , Javdan Gholamali , Bahrampour Niki , Wong Alexei , Clark Cain C. T. , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: August 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns, derived through latent class analysis (LCA), with visceral adiposity index (VAI), Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG), inflammation biomarkers, and body composition in overweight and obese Iranian women. For this cross-sectional study, dietary exposure was assessed using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were derived through LCA. Binary logistic was performed to test the associations of dietary patterns with VAI, TyG, inflammation biomarkers, and body composition. Health centers in Tehran, Iran. 376 obese and overweight women, aged > 18 years. Two dietary patterns were identified using LCA modeling: healthy and unhealthy. Women in the unhealthy class were characterized by higher consumption of fast food, sweetened beverages, grains, unhealthy oils, butter and margarine, and snacks. Compared with the healthy class, the unhealthy class was associated with an increased risk of higher fasting blood sugar (FBS) (OR = 6.07; 95% CI: 1.33–27.74, P value = 0.02), c-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.05–2.80; P value = 0.02), and lower fat free mass index (FFMI) (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35–0.88, P value = 0.01), after adjusting for confounders. We found that adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with decreased FFMI and increased FBS and CRP using LCA, but not with the rest of the variables. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the veracity of these findings.
A two-stage dominance-based surrogate-assisted evolution algorithm for high-dimensional expensive multi-objective optimization
Authors: Yu Mengjiao , Wang Zheng , Dai Rui , Chen Zhongkui , Ye Qianlin , Wang Wanliang
Published: August 2023

In the past decades, surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have become one of the most popular methods to solve expensive multi-objective optimization problems (EMOPs). However, most existing methods focus on low-dimensional EMOPs because a large number of training samples are required to build accurate surrogate models, which is unrealistic for high-dimensional EMOPs. Therefore, this paper develops a two-stage dominance-based surrogate-assisted evolution algorithm (TSDEA) for high-dimensional EMOPs which utilizes the RBF model to approximate each objective function. First, a two-stage selection strategy is applied to select individuals for re-evaluation. Then considering the training time of the model, proposing a novel archive updating strategy to limit the number of individuals for updating. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has promising performance and computational efficiency compared to the state-of-the-art five SAEAs.
Effect of diotic versus dichotic presentation on the pitch perception of tone complexes at medium and very high frequencies
Authors: Gockel Hedwig E. , Carlyon Robert P.
Published: August 2023

Difference limens for fundamental frequency (F0), F0DLs, are usually small for complex tones containing low harmonics that are resolved in the auditory periphery, but worsen when the rank of the lowest harmonic increases above about 6–8 and harmonics become less resolved. The traditional explanation for this, in terms of resolvability, has been challenged and an alternative explanation in terms of harmonic rank was suggested. Here, to disentangle the effects of resolvability and harmonic rank the complex tones were presented either diotically (all harmonics to both ears) or dichotically (even and odd harmonics to opposite ears); the latter increases resolvability but does not affect harmonic rank. F0DLs were measured for 14 listeners for complex tones containing harmonics 6–10 with F0s of 280 and 1400 Hz, presented diotically or dichotically. For the low F0, F0DLs were significantly lower for the dichotic than for the diotic condition. This is consistent with a benefit of increased resolvability of harmonics for F0 discrimination and extends previous results to harmonics as low as the sixth. In contrast, for the high F0, F0DLs were similar for the two presentation modes, adding to evidence for differences in pitch perception between tones with low-to-medium and very-high frequency content.
Virtual reality for assessing stereopsis performance and eye characteristics in Post-COVID
Authors: Mehringer Wolfgang , Stoeve Maike , Krauss Daniel , Ring Matthias , Steussloff Fritz , Güttes Moritz , Zott Julia , Hohberger Bettina , Michelson Georg , Eskofier Bjoern
Published: August 2023

In 2019, we faced a pandemic due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with millions of confirmed cases and reported deaths. Even in recovered patients, symptoms can be persistent over weeks, termed Post-COVID. In addition to common symptoms of fatigue, muscle weakness, and cognitive impairments, visual impairments have been reported. Automatic classification of COVID and Post-COVID is researched based on blood samples and radiation-based procedures, among others. However, a symptom-oriented assessment for visual impairments is still missing. Thus, we propose a Virtual Reality environment in which stereoscopic stimuli are displayed to test the patient’s stereopsis performance. While performing the visual tasks, the eyes’ gaze and pupil diameter are recorded. We collected data from 15 controls and 20 Post-COVID patients in a study. Therefrom, we extracted features of three main data groups, stereopsis performance, pupil diameter, and gaze behavior, and trained various classifiers. The Random Forest classifier achieved the best result with 71% accuracy. The recorded data support the classification result showing worse stereopsis performance and eye movement alterations in Post-COVID. There are limitations in the study design, comprising a small sample size and the use of an eye tracking system.
Tailor-designed nanoparticle-based PdNiSn catalyst as a potential anode for glycerol fuel cells
Authors: El-Nowihy Ghada H.
Published: August 2023

In order to effectively use glycerol as a fuel in direct glycerol fuel cells, a catalyst that can break the C–C bond and enhance the electro-oxidation of glycerol to CO2 is necessary. In this particular investigation, a palladium-nickel-tin nanocomposite electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode (PdNiSn/GC) exhibited excellent activity towards the electro-oxidation of glycerol, thanks to the synergistic effect of the catalyst composition. The PdNiSn/GC surface generated a peak current (Ip) that was 2.5 times higher than that obtained at a Pd/GC electrode, with a cathodic shift in the onset potential (Eonset) of approximately 300 mV. Additionally, the current obtained at the PdNiSn/GC surface remained stable during continuous electrolysis. Capacitance measurements were used to interpret the results of the electrocatalytic activity, and high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that the products of the glycerol electro-oxidation reaction were oxalic acid and formic acid, which were subsequently oxidized to CO2, as revealed by the charge calculations. The results depict that the synergy between Pd, β-Ni(OH)2, and SnO2 is crucial for boosting GEOR through enhancing the C–C bond cleavage and completely oxidize the reaction intermediates to CO2.
Efficacy and safety of closed-loop control system for type one diabetes in adolescents a meta analysis
Authors: Jabari Mosleh
Published: August 2023

This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of Closed-Loop Control (CLC) to Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pump (SAP) for adolescent patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Eleven randomized-controlled trials were included with a total of 570 patients, from a total of 869 articles found adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The efficacy of the therapies were evaluated from the day, night and during physical activities monitoring of the of the mean blood glucose (BG), Time In Range (TIR), and Standard Deviation (SD) of the glucose variability. The safety measure of the therapies, was assessed from the day and night recording of the hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events occurred. Pooled results of comparison of mean BG values for day, night and physical activities, − 4.33 [− 6.70, − 1.96] (P = 0.0003), − 16.61 [− 31.68, − 1.54] (P = 0.03) and − 8.27 [− 19.52, 2.99] (P = 0.15). The monitoring for day, night and physical activities for TIR − 13.18 [− 19.18, − 7.17] (P < 0.0001), − 15.36 [− 26.81, − 3.92] (P = 0.009) and − 7.39 [− 17.65, 2.87] (P = 0.16). The day and night results of SD of glucose variability was − 0.40 [− 0.79, − 0.00] (P = 0.05) and − 0.86 [− 2.67, 0.95] (P = 0.35). These values shows the superiority of CLC system in terms of efficacy. The safety evaluation, of the day, night and physical activities observations of average blood glucose goal hypoglycemic events − 0.54 [− 1.86, 0.79] (P = 0.43), 0.04 [− 0.20, 0.27] (P = 0.77) and 0.00 [− 0.25, 0.25] (P = 1.00) and hyperglycemic events − 0.04 [− 0.20, 0.27] (P = 0.77), − 7.11 [− 12.77, − 1.45] (P = 0.01) and − 0.00 [− 0.10, 0.10] (P = 0.97), highlights the commendable safety factor of CLC. The CLC systems can be considered as an ideal preference in the management of adolescents with type 1 diabetes to be used during a 24 h basis.
Artificial intelligence algorithm comparison and ranking for weight prediction in sheep
Authors: Hamadani Ambreen , Ganai Nazir Ahmad
Published: August 2023

In a rapidly transforming world, farm data is growing exponentially. Realizing the importance of this data, researchers are looking for new solutions to analyse this data and make farming predictions. Artificial Intelligence, with its capacity to handle big data is rapidly becoming popular. In addition, it can also handle non-linear, noisy data and is not limited by the conditions required for conventional data analysis. This study was therefore undertaken to compare the most popular machine learning (ML) algorithms and rank them as per their ability to make predictions on sheep farm data spanning 11 years. Data was cleaned and prepared was done before analysis. Winsorization was done for outlier removal. Principal component analysis (PCA) and feature selection (FS) were done and based on that, three datasets were created viz. PCA (wherein only PCA was used), PCA+ FS (both techniques used for dimensionality reduction), and FS (only feature selection used) bodyweight prediction. Among the 11 ML algorithms that were evaluated, the correlations between true and predicted values for MARS algorithm, Bayesian ridge regression, Ridge regression, Support Vector Machines, Gradient boosting algorithm, Random forests, XgBoost algorithm, Artificial neural networks, Classification and regression trees, Polynomial regression, K nearest neighbours and Genetic Algorithms were 0.993, 0.992, 0.991, 0.991, 0.991, 0.99, 0.99, 0.984, 0.984, 0.957, 0.949, 0.734 respectively for bodyweights. The top five algorithms for the prediction of bodyweights, were MARS, Bayesian ridge regression, Ridge regression, Support Vector Machines and Gradient boosting algorithm. A total of 12 machine learning models were developed for the prediction of bodyweights in sheep in the present study. It may be said that machine learning techniques can perform predictions with reasonable accuracies and can thus help in drawing inferences and making futuristic predictions on farms for their economic prosperity, performance improvement and subsequently food security.
Phase I/II clinical trial of nivolumab in combination with oligo-fractionated irradiation for unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer
Authors: Mimura Kosaku , Ogata Takashi , Yoshimoto Yuya , Yoshida Daisaku , Nakajima Shotaro , Sato Hisashi , Machida Nozomu , Yamada Takanobu , Watanabe Yohei , Tamaki Tomoaki , Fujikawa Hirohito , Inokuchi Yasuhiro , Hayase Suguru , Hanayama Hiroyuki , Saze Zenichiro , Katoh Hiroyuki , Takahashi Fumiaki , Oshima Takashi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Kono Koji
Published: August 2023

Background

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting for PD-1 axis is a promising approach for advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients, the response rate is still limited. Induction of synergistic effect of irradiation with ICI targeting for the PD-1 axis can be an attractive strategy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the combination of irradiation with anti-PD-1 therapy for advanced GC.

Methods

We conducted a single-arm, phase I/II trial in GC patients treated with a combination of nivolumab and oligo-fractionated irradiation (22.5 Gy/5 fractions/5 days) (NCT03453164). Eligible patients (n = 40) had unresectable advanced or recurrent GC which progressed after primary and secondary chemotherapy with more than one lesion. The primary endpoint is the disease control rate (DCR) of non-irradiated target lesions and the secondary endpoints are the median survival time (MST), safety, and DCR of irradiated lesions.

Results

We observe that the DCR for the non-irradiated target as the abscopal effect is 22.5% (90% confidence interval (CI), 12.3–36.0), and the DCR for the irradiated lesion is 40.0% (90% CI, 26.9–54.2). The median survival time is 230 days (95% CI, 157–330), and grade 3 and higher adverse events (AEs) are observed in 16 patients (39 %) with no obvious additional AEs when adding irradiation.

Conclusions

The present study suggests that the combination of nivolumab with oligo-fractionated irradiation has the potential to induce a promising anti-tumor effect for advanced GC.
Sweat analysis for urea sensing: trends and challenges
Authors: Futane Abhishek , Senthil Mallika , S Jayashree , Srinivasan Arthi , R Kalpana , Narayanamurthy Vigneswaran
Published: August 2023

Trends in sweat urea analysis.
Acid-sensitive stable polymeric micelle-based oxidative stress nanoamplifier as immunostimulating anticancer nanomedicine
Authors: Kwon Gayoung , Baek Jinsu , Kim Nuri , Kwon Soonyoung , Song Nanhee , Park Seong-Cheol , Kim Byeong-Su , Lee Dongwon
Published: August 2023

Oxidative stress amplifying compounds that not only generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also deplete antioxidants could elicit selective killing of cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells and also induce immunogenic cell death (ICD).
Multi-constraint molecular generation using sparsely labelled training data for localized high-concentration electrolyte diluent screening
Authors: Mailoa Jonathan P. , Li Xin , Qiu Jiezhong , Zhang Shengyu
Published: August 2023

We use a mixture of incomplete-labelled molecule property databases to conditionally generate new molecules with multiple property co-constraints.
Combination of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and polyoxometalates (POMs): the preparation strategy and potential application of COF–POM hybrids
Authors: Xue Rui , Liu Yin-Sheng , Wang Ming-Yue , Guo Hao , Yang Wu , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: August 2023

Both covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and polyoxometalates (POMs) show excellent properties and application potential in many fields, thus receiving widespread attention.
Recent developments in 2D MXene-based materials for next generation room temperature NO2 gas sensors
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sithara , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: August 2023

MXenes with distinctive structures, good electrical conductivity and abundant functional groups have shown great potential in the fabrication of high performance gas sensors.
A bacterial cellulose-based LiSrVO4:Eu3+ nanosensor platform for smartphone sensing of levodopa and dopamine: point-of-care diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Emadi Hamid , Nabavi Seyed Reza
Published: August 2023

The reduction in the fluorescence intensity of LSV:Eu3+ was caused by the dynamic quenching mechanism resulting from the addition of LD and DA. LD or DA acts as an electron acceptor.
ALD-grown two-dimensional TiSx metal contacts for MoS2 field-effect transistors
Authors: Mahlouji Reyhaneh , Kessels Wilhelmus M. M. (Erwin) , Sagade Abhay A. , Bol Ageeth A.
Published: August 2023

2D metallic TiSx can be grown at low temperatures using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Herein, we show that ultrathin films of 2D TiSx (∼1.2 nm) prepared by ALD can be used as contacts to 2D MoS2 in field-effect transistors (FETs) and improve the overall device metrics.
Nanoparticle-based delivery systems as emerging therapy in retinoblastoma: recent advances, challenges and prospects
Authors: Onugwu Adaeze Linda , Ugorji Onyinyechi Lydia , Ufondu Chinasa A. , Ihim Stella Amarachi , Echezona Adaeze Chidiebere , Nwagwu Chinekwu Sherridan , Onugwu Sabastine Obinna , Uzondu Samuel WisdomofGod , Agbo Chinazom Precious , Ogbonna John Dike , Attama Anthony Amaechi
Published: August 2023

Nanoparticles utilized in targeting retinoblastoma cells demonstrated improved uptake and intracellular internalization, sustained retention, excellent cytotoxicity, enhanced apoptosis and improved antitumor activity.
All-around encapsulation of silicene
Authors: Dhungana Daya S. , Massetti Chiara , Martella Christian , Grazianetti Carlo , Molle Alessandro
Published: August 2023

Stabilization of substrate-free silicene on a months timescale is proven by all-around encapsulation in three steps, epitaxial growth of a silicene–stanene heterostructure on a silver substrate, capping with an alumina layer, and substrate removal.
Tunable non-volatile memories based on 2D InSe/h-BN/GaSe heterostructures towards potential multifunctionality
Authors: Gong Xiang , Zhou Yueying , Xia Jiangnan , Zhang Li , Zhang Lijie , Yin Long-Jing , Hu Yuanyuan , Qin Zhihui , Tian Yuan
Published: August 2023

The first high-performance, air-stable, and tunable non-volatile memory device utilizing a 2D InSe/h-BN/GaSe heterostructure with well-preserved interfaces has been demonstrated towards promising versatility.
Synthesis of ABx and ABxC poly(ester-ether) polymers: polymer sequences and effects of Bx and BxC units on thermal properties
Authors: Jabprakon Nattawat , Chumsaeng Phongnarin , Phomphrai Khamphee
Published: August 2023

ABx and ABxC poly(ester-ether) polymers were synthesized and their units were shown to greatly affect thermal properties and significantly increase polymer degradability.
Pharmacological regulation of protein-polymer hydrogel stiffness
Authors: Wu Kun-Lin , Bretherton Ross C. , Davis Jennifer , DeForest Cole A.
Published: August 2023

Hydrogel biomaterials partially modified with GyrB can be stiffened/softened via small molecule pharmacological-mediated protein (de)dimerization.
Studying manganese carbonyl photochemistry in a permanently porous metal–organic framework
Authors: Young Rosemary J. , Huxley Michael T. , Wu Lingjun , Hart Jack , O'Shea James , Doonan Christian J. , Champness Neil R. , Sumby Christopher J.
Published: August 2023

Photo-liberation of CO from a Mn(diimine)(CO)3Br moiety anchored within a permanently porous MOF support is studied. The crystallinity and structural flexibility of the MOF allows crystallographic snapshots of the photolysis products to be obtained.
High-performance carbon-capture membranes developed by (non)solvent-induced nanostructural rearrangement in Nafion
Authors: Wei Jing , Deng Jing , Ma Yulei , Qin Zikang , Wang Bangda , Deng Liyuan , Spontak Richard J. , Dai Zhongde
Published: August 2023

Membrane materials exhibiting high CO2 permeability and selectivity are needed for CO2 capture to mitigate global climate change.
Reduction of geomagnetically induced current impacts by optimized neutral point connections
Authors: Schachinger Philipp , Albert Dennis , Renner Herwig
Published: August 2023

Solar storms impact electrical power grids by causing quasi‐DC neutral point currents in transformers. These currents lead to half‐cycle saturation as well as other related and unwanted effects in the grid. To reduce the effect of these currents on the grid, DC‐blocking devices can be installed or changes in the grid topology can be made. However, these counter measures often have unwanted side effects or cannot be applied to the grid due to operational restrictions. In this work, a novel mitigation approach, based on the distribution of currents on more transformers, is presented. The number and location of grounded transformer neutral points is optimized, taking grid related constraints such as the minimal number of transformer connections into account. It is shown that the algorithm can effectively reduce the stress on transformers without any additional assets and thus increase system security.
Numerical schemes for a moving-boundary convection-diffusion-reaction model of sequencing batch reactors
Authors: Bürger Raimund , Careaga Julio , Diehl Stefan , Pineda Romel
Published: August 2023

Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) are devices widely used in wastewater treatment, chemical engineering, and other areas. They allow for the sedimentation and compression of solid particles of biomass simultaneously with biochemical reactions with nutrients dissolved in the liquid. The kinetics of these reactions may be given by one of the established activated sludge models (ASMx). An SBR is operated in various stages and is equipped with a movable extraction and fill device and a discharge opening. A one-dimensional model of this unit can be formulated as a moving-boundary problem for a degenerating system of convection-diffusion-reaction equations whose unknowns are the concentrations of the components forming the solid and liquid phases, respectively. This model is transformed to a fixed computational domain and is discretized by an explicit monotone scheme along with an alternative semi-implicit variant. The semi-implicit variant is based on solving, during each time step, a system of nonlinear equations for the total solids concentration followed by the solution of linear systems for the solid component percentages and liquid component concentrations. It is demonstrated that the semi-implicit scheme is well posed and that both variants produce approximations that satisfy an invariant region principle: solids concentrations are nonnegative and less or equal to a set maximal one, percentages are nonnegative and sum up to one, and substrate concentrations are nonnegative. These properties are achieved under a Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition that is less restrictive for the semi-implicit than for the explicit variant. Numerical examples with realistic parameters illustrate that as a consequence, the semi-implicit variant is more efficient than the explicit one.
Fetal Assessment in Pregnancy (Indication and Methodology for Fetal Monitoring in a low-risk Population). Guideline of the DGGG, DEGUM, OEGGG and SGGG (S3-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/089, February 2023)
Authors: Schiermeier Sven , von Kaisenberg Constantin Sylvius , Kehl Sven , Reister Frank , Mosimann Beatrice , Reif Philipp , Harlfinger Werner , König Klaus , Schwarz Christiane , Matern Elke , Kühnert Maritta , Schmitz Ralf , Hoopmann Markus , Ramsell Andrea , Kalberer Barbara Stocker , Heule Petra Graf , Heinzl Silke , Kayer Beate , Gruber Patricia , Steiner Horst , Schäffer Leonard
Published: August 2023

Purpose The aim of this guideline was to find evidence on whether carrying out Doppler examinations and CTGs in low-risk cohorts of pregnant women improves outcomes.

Methods First, a systematic search for guidelines was carried out. Identified guidelines were evaluated using the DELPHI instrument of the AWMF. Three guidelines were found to be suitable to evaluate CTG. Two DEGUM best practice guidelines were judged suitable to describe the methods. All studies on this issue were additionally analyzed using 8 PICO questions. A structured consensus of the participating professional societies was achieved using a nominal group process and a structured consensus conference moderated by an independent moderator.

Recommendations No antepartum Doppler sonography examinations should be carried out in low-risk cohorts in the context of antenatal care. No antepartum CTG should be carried out in low-risk cohorts.

Note The guideline will be published simultaneously in the official journals of both professional societies (i. e., Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde for the DGGG and Ultraschall in der Medizin/European Journal of Ultrasound for the DEGUM).
The impact of Fit for 55 on Ireland’s maritime transport sector and the macroeconomy
Authors: Ahearne Alan , Cassidy Daniel
Published: August 2023

The European Green Deal aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 and achieve a carbon neutral economy by 2050. The ‘Fit for 55 package’ includes a suite of new regulations and taxes to promote Renewable and Low Carbon Fuels (RLFs) in the maritime transport sector. We use a Vector Autoregressive model (VAR) to forecast the impact of higher marine fuel prices during the transition to RLFs on Ireland’s maritime transport sector and the broader Irish economy. Our analysis finds that higher marine fuel prices are expected to reduce Gross Value Added (GVA) in the maritime transport sector by nearly 8% by 2050, relative to a “no-policy-change” baseline. Our results indicate that fuel price increases will not have a material impact on overall economic activity. The negative impact on real output is projected to range from 0.09% in 2025 to 1.21% in 2050. The projected decline in real exports ranges from 0.17% in 2025 to 2.29% in 2050, while consumer prices will increase from 0.13% in 2025 to 1.72% in 2050.
Estimating potential farm economic benefits of advanced microbiological diagnostics in veterinary medicine
Authors: Jensen Jørgen Dejgård , Christensen Tove , Pansri Potjamas , Olsen John Elmerdahl
Published: August 2023

Context Intensive livestock production is challenged by frequent occurrence of contagious livestock diseases. Advanced diagnostic tools, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), have been found to improve the precision and speed of veterinary diagnostics. Aims This study develops and applies an analytical quantitative framework to investigate the potential farm economic benefits of introducing an advanced and rapid diagnostic tool that allows veterinarians accurately and fast to detect the load and composition of pathogens in production animals, compared with a scenario where decision-making is based on aggregate prevalence data. Methods A probabilistic budget simulation model for livestock production was developed, on the basis of farm-accounts data, epidemiological prevalence, mortality and morbidity data from official statistics, veterinary practice and literature findings, as well as experimental data regarding sensitivity and specificity of the specific diagnostic tool. Key results The framework was used to assess the expected economic gains of qPCR diagnostics for calf pneumonia and weaner pig diarrhoea. In both cases, positive economic gains were found, namely, 7.8% and 3.1% of gross margin in Danish calf production and weaner production respectively. Conclusions and Implications Use of rapid advanced diagnostic tools to diagnose calf pneumonia or weaner pig diarrhoea can lead to economic gains for farmers and improve the efficiency in use of resources in livestock production.
Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and salinity on growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant activity and distribution of mineral elements in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Kreslavski Vladimir D. , Shmarev Alexander N. , Ivanov Anatoly A. , Zharmukhamedov Sergey K. , Strokina Valeria , Kosobryukhov Anatoly , Yu Min , Allakhverdiev Suleyman I. , Shabala Sergey
Published: August 2023

Soil salinisation is one of the main abiotic stresses decreasing crop productivity. Here, we show that the plant treatment with iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) may be a promising solution for reducing the negative impact of soil salinity on plant performance. For this purpose, effects of the NPs on growth, photosynthesis, pro-/antioxidant, redox balance and the content of mineral elements in 19-day-old wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants under soil salinity were studied. Seed treatment with NPs (200 and 500 mg L−1) enhanced growth and photosynthetic rate in leaves. Moderate salinity stress (150 mM NaCl) led to a decrease in plant biomass as well as the rate of photosynthesis and PSII activity; leaf photosynthetic characteristics were also suppressed by lower (75 mM NaCl) salinity treatment. However, seed pre-treatment with the NPs partially eliminated the negative effect of the salt on growth, PSII activity and photosynthesis. Also, we observed a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and an increase in ascorbate and total peroxidase activity in the plant leaves upon combined treatment with NaCl and the NPs compared with treatment with NaCl alone. The combined treatment with the NPs and salinity also led to a noticeable increase in the content of Fe and Mn in the shoot. It was concluded that Fe3O4 NPs can enhance plant growth by improving photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant balance and the availability of iron and manganese ions, under conditions of soil salinisation.
Priority areas for conserving greater gliders in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Norman Patrick , Mackey Brendan
Published: August 2023

Context The southern and central greater glider (Petauroides volans) is a nationally listed endangered species in Australia. The species depends upon mature native forest providing critical habitat resources including tree hollows. Aims This study aimed to map and evaluate the tenure of patches of potential high-quality (core) habitat and corridors for the southern greater glider in Queensland. Methods Within greater glider habitat, we mapped 10 ranked classes of relative forest maturity using a model comprising remotely sensed metrics of canopy height, above-ground living biomass and canopy cover at a 30 m resolution. We also modelled the optimum movement corridors within and between habitat patches. Key results Results showed that 35% (4.943 million ha) of habitat was found in the more mature classes (Classes 7–9), which represent a proxy for associated limiting habitat resources, especially tree hollows. Mean patch size above a 1.6 ha threshold was found to be 122 ha and most patches (71%) were ≤10 ha, with 14 patches ≥100 000 ha. Freehold and leasehold lands hold 63.4% of the more mature habitat, multiple-use public forest 21.4% and nature conservation areas 12.8%. About half of the potential habitat is located on formally recognised Indigenous lands that represent different categories of Aboriginal ownership, management and other special rights. Conclusions The protection of mature forest patches and movement corridors is necessary for the conservation of the greater glider, a nationally listed threatened species. Implications Conservation interventions are needed, using a whole-of-landscape approach to protect core habitat and corridors from inappropriate land use.
Managing conflict between nesting common terns and herring gulls
Authors: Sullivan Jeffery D. , O’Donnell Amy W. , Lescure Lauren M. , Rapp Andrew J. , Callahan Carl R. , McGowan Peter C. , Carney Tim , Prosser Diann J.
Published: August 2023

Context Due to the frequent depredation of eggs and chicks by herring gulls (Larus argentatus), numerous approaches to reduce their impact on tern colonies have been tested by wildlife managers. Previous studies have shown that the use of overhead lines presents a promising method to prevent gull nesting in tern colonies, but little work has evaluated if this approach is suitable for excluding both nesting and non-nesting gulls. Aims The goal of this study was to explore the efficacy of a preventative approach, overhead lines, versus a more widely practiced lethal approach, shooting and trapping. Specifically, we aimed to determine if methods differ in their abilities to deter both gull nesting and presence within treatment areas and identify impacts on common tern (Sterna hirundo) nesting within treatment areas. Methods We applied separate management strategies to two common tern colonies. In one colony, we removed herring gulls via shooting followed by trapping and nest removal, and in the other colony, we erected overhead lines with subsequent trapping at nests established in the treatment area. Key results Gulls appeared to adapt quickly to shooting efforts, limiting efficacy and resulting in no significant change in abundance from pre-treatment levels (P = 0.981). However, gull use of both the colony and surrounding brush declined significantly (P < 0.001) following trapping and nest removal. Meanwhile, the number of gulls in the colony area declined from a pre-treatment average of 56 to only six, following the erection of overhead lines (P < 0.001). Although six gull nests were established within the treatment area (overhead lines), they were not replaced once the parents were trapped and nests destroyed. Conclusions Tern nesting appeared to be unaffected by any of the implemented management activities. Our data suggest that overhead lines may present an alternative to lethal control when seeking to minimise the impacts of gulls on tern colonies. Implications The data presented in this manuscript can be used to guide managers in selecting actions to reduce conflict between gulls and breeding common terns. By using data-informed practices, managers can select the method best suited for their specific needs and priorities.
Capacitance characterization of graphene/n-Si Schottky junction solar cell with MOS capacitor
Authors: Teraoka Masahiro , Ono Yuzuki , Im Hojun
Published: August 2023

We have demonstrated a simple and accurate method for characterizing the capacitance of Graphene/n-Si Schottky junction solar cells (GSSCs) which embed the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor. We measured two types of GSSCs, one with thermal annealing treatments (w-a) and one without (wo-a). It was found that the wo-a GSSC exhibits a two-step feature in the phase versus forward bias voltage relationship, which may be attributed to the presence of polymethyl methacrylate residues. By considering the capacitance of the MOS capacitor (Cmos) and its standard deviation, we successfully obtained the capacitance of the Schottky junction (CSch), and evaluated meaningful built-in potentials (Schottky barrier heights) which are 0.51 V (0.78 eV) and 0.47 V (0.75 eV) for the w-a and wo-a GSSCs, respectively, by the Mott–Schottky analysis. We also briefly discuss the relationship between CSch and the Nyquist and Bode plots, finding that the RC time constant decreases due to the subtraction of Cmos.
One-pot fabrication of zero-valent iron-embedded activated carbon from rosemary distillation residues for malachite green removal
Authors: Nguyen Hung Minh , Tran Anh Tuan , Nguyen Dung Nguyen Long , Lam Hung Hoa , Tran-Thuy Tuyet-Mai , Nguyen Long Quang , Le Tien Xuan , Nguyen Dung Van
Published: August 2023

The current research proposes an innovative strategy for the facile preparation of magnetic activated carbon (MAC) from rosemary distillation residues (RDR). As a magnetic precursor, FeCl3 was impregnated into RDR before KOH was added as an activating agent. One-pot pyrolysis was then conducted to produce zero-valent iron nanoparticles (14.4 wt%) embedded in the activated carbon matrix. Moreover, KOH activation yielded MAC with a large total pore volume of 0.27 cm3 g−1, a high specific surface area of 459 m2 g−1, and hierarchical porosity. With a large porous system and different polar functional groups, MAC was subsequently investigated for malachite green (MG) removal in aqueous media. At pH 6.0, the adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 82.6 mg g−1. Additionally, MAC demonstrated effective reusability after five consecutive cycles, when MG removal slightly decreased from 96.4 ± 0.6 to 91.8 ± 2.3%. Notably, MAC with a strong saturation magnetization of 18.4 emu g−1 could be conveniently recovered from treated media through magnetic fields. Overall, rosemary distillation residue-derived magnetic activated carbon can be a potential adsorbent for malachite green remediation thanks to its cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and magnetic separability.