bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transesophageal echocardiography-guided implantation of totally implantable venous access devices via the internal jugular vein: retrospective analysis of 297 cases in pediatric patients
Authors: Chen Yuanzhen , Xing Dajun , Wu Lixin , Lin Huatian , Lin Ting , Ding Fang , Xu Liang
Published: August 2022

Background

Accurately positioning totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) catheters and reducing complications in pediatric patients are important and challenging. A number of studies have shown methods for locating the tip of the TIVAD catheter. We assessed the success and complications of TIVAD implantation guided by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) via the internal jugular vein (IJV) for 294 patients in this retrospective study.

Methods

From May 2019 to March 2021, 297 cases of TIVADs in our hospital were analyzed in this observational, non-randomized, single-center study. The position of the catheter tip under TEE and chest radiography and rates of periprocedural, early, and late complications were evaluated.

Results

The implantation was successful in 242 (82.3%) cases which was in a proper position, and the results were consistent with those of postoperative chest radiography. A total of 72 complications were recorded. Of these, 1 case had a perioperative complication, 66 had early complications, and 5 had late complications after port implantation. The most common complications were local infection and catheter malposition, namely 10 (13.9%) cases of incision infection and 58 (80.6%) cases of catheter malposition. In total, 6 (8.3%) cases of port explantation were required.

Conclusion

Confirmation of proper TIVAD catheter positioning by TEE through an internal jugular approach in children was accurate and safe.
SPOP promotes cervical cancer progression by inducing the movement of PD-1 away from PD-L1 in spatial localization
Authors: Wu Jiangchun , Wu Yong , Guo Qinhao , chen Siyu , Wang Simin , Wu Xiaohua , Zhu Jun , Ju Xingzhu
Published: August 2022

Background

Metastasis is a major obstacle in the treatment of cervical cancer (CC), and SPOP-mediated regulatory effects are involved in metastasis. However, the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.

Methods

Proteomic sequencing and SPOP immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed for the pelvic lymph node (pLN)-positive and non-pLN groups of CC patients. The corresponding patients were stratified by SPOP expression level for overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) analysis. In vitro and in vivo tests were conducted to verify the causal relationship between SPOP expression and CC metastasis. Multiplex immunofluorescence (m-IF) and the HALO system were used to analyse the mechanism, which was further verified by in vitro experiments.

Results

SPOP is upregulated in CC with pLN metastasis and negatively associated with patient outcome. In vitro and in vivo, SPOP promotes CC proliferation and metastasis. According to m-IF and HALO analysis, SPOP may promote CC metastasis by promoting the separation of PD-1 from PD-L1. Finally, it was further verified that SPOP can achieve immune tolerance by promoting the movement of PD-1 away from PD-L1 in spatial location and function.

Conclusion

This study shows that SPOP can inhibit the immune microenvironment by promoting the movement of PD-1 away from PD-L1, thereby promoting pLN metastasis of CC and resulting in worse OS and RFS.
Analysis of lineage-specific protein family variability in prokaryotes combined with evolutionary reconstructions
Authors: Karamycheva Svetlana , Wolf Yuri I. , Persi Erez , Koonin Eugene V. , Makarova Kira S.
Published: August 2022

Background

Evolutionary rate is a key characteristic of gene families that is linked to the functional importance of the respective genes as well as specific biological functions of the proteins they encode. Accurate estimation of evolutionary rates is a challenging task that requires precise phylogenetic analysis. Here we present an easy to estimate protein family level measure of sequence variability based on alignment column homogeneity in multiple alignments of protein sequences from Clade-Specific Clusters of Orthologous Genes (csCOGs).

Results

We report genome-wide estimates of variability for 8 diverse groups of bacteria and archaea and investigate the connection between variability and various genomic and biological features. The variability estimates are based on homogeneity distributions across amino acid sequence alignments and can be obtained for multiple groups of genomes at minimal computational expense. About half of the variance in variability values can be explained by the analyzed features, with the greatest contribution coming from the extent of gene paralogy in the given csCOG. The correlation between variability and paralogy appears to originate, primarily, not from gene duplication, but from acquisition of distant paralogs and xenologs, introducing sequence variants that are more divergent than those that could have evolved in situ during the lifetime of the given group of organisms. Both high-variability and low-variability csCOGs were identified in all functional categories, but as expected, proteins encoded by integrated mobile elements as well as proteins involved in defense functions and cell motility are, on average, more variable than proteins with housekeeping functions. Additionally, using linear discriminant analysis, we found that variability and fraction of genomes carrying a given gene are the two variables that provide the best prediction of gene essentiality as compared to the results of transposon mutagenesis in Sulfolobus islandicus.

Conclusions

Variability, a measure of sequence diversity within an alignment relative to the overall diversity within a group of organisms, offers a convenient proxy for evolutionary rate estimates and is informative with respect to prediction of functional properties of proteins. In particular, variability is a strong predictor of gene essentiality for the respective organisms and indicative of sub- or neofunctionalization of paralogs.
Seronegative immunity to SARS-CoV-2: a case study
Authors: Miller Kyle D. , Ashcraft Amie M. , Pilkerton Courtney S. , Shrader Carl D.
Published: August 2022

Background

COVID-19 presents with a variable clinical course from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress with nearly 25% mortality in mechanically-ventilated patients. As such, there is uncertainty regarding how host factors modulate the disease course.

Case Presentation

This report examines these factors in two geriatric patients with multiple comorbid conditions who were residents of the long-term care facility in West Virginia that was the epicenter of COVID-19 in the state. Each patient had substantial, unprotected exposure to SARS-CoV-2 with subsequent negative PCR and antibody testing.

Conclusions

These cases could represent an important step in understanding host factors that modulate the disease course and susceptibility of patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2, and illustrate the need for further research into host resistance relating to this pandemic.
Hypergranulation over a meshed split-thickness skin graft, a complication of negative-pressure wound therapy: a case report
Authors: Shiba Masato , Doi Tomoaki , Okada Hideshi , Kamidani Ryo , Yoshimura Genki , Kusuzawa Keigo , Yamaji Fuminori , Miura Tomotaka , Oiwa Hideaki , Mizuno Yosuke , Yasuda Ryu , Fukuta Tetsuya , Kitagawa Yuichiro , Miyake Takahito , Yoshida Takahiro , Yoshida Shozo , Ogura Shinji
Published: August 2022

Background

We present a case of a rare complication of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) wherein there was fixation of a meshed split-thickness skin graft (STSG), suspected as a failure by hypergranulation. However, the meshed STSG was integrated within 5 days of NPWT cessation.

Case presentation

A 22-year-old Asian man sustained 25% total-body-surface-area flame burns. After multiple operations, an ulcer was present on the proximal left thigh. On day 37 after admission, the ulcer was debrided, and an 11/1000-inch (0.28 mm) skin graft was taken from the ipsilateral thigh and meshed, using a 1:1.5 ratio. NPWT was applied to the donor and recipient sites with a continuous negative pressure of 125 mmHg. On day 43, NPWT was discontinued. The skin grafts were not identified on the surface of the granulation tissue. With topical ointment therapy, rapid epithelialization of the ulcer was observed as the granulation tissue regressed. On day 48, the recipient site had completely epithelialized.

Conclusions

The hypergranulation tissue rarely covered the meshed STSGs when the grafts were fixed by NPWT. In that case, immediate debridement should be avoided, and conservative treatment should be initiated.
Motoneurons innervation determines the distinct gene expressions in multinucleated myofibers
Authors: Bai Lei , Tu Wen-Yo , Xiao Yatao , Zhang Kejing , Shen Chengyong
Published: August 2022

Background

Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are peripheral synapses connecting motoneurons and skeletal myofibers. At the postsynaptic side in myofibers, acetylcholine receptor (AChR) proteins are clustered by the neuronal agrin signal. Meanwhile, several nuclei in each myofiber are specially enriched around the NMJ for postsynaptic gene transcription. It remains mysterious that how gene expressions in these synaptic nuclei are systematically regulated, especially by motoneurons.

Results

We found that synaptic nuclei have a distinctive chromatin structure and gene expression profiling. Synaptic nuclei are formed during NMJ development and maintained by motoneuron innervation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that motoneuron innervation determines the distinct expression patterns in the synaptic region and non-synaptic region in each multinucleated myofiber, probably through epigenetic regulation. Myonuclei in synaptic and non-synaptic regions have different responses to denervation. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the histone lysine demethylases Kdm1a is a negative regulator of synaptic gene expression. Inhibition of Kdm1a promotes AChR expression but impairs motor functions.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that motoneurons innervation determines the distinct gene expressions in multinucleated myofibers. Thus, dysregulation of nerve-controlled chromatin structure and muscle gene expression might cause muscle weakness and atrophy in motoneuron degenerative disorders.
Low-rate Denial of Service attack detection method based on time-frequency characteristics
Authors: Fu Yu , Duan Xueyuan , Wang Kun , Li Bin
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a real cloud computing platform-oriented Low-rate Denial of Service (LDoS) attack detection method based on time-frequency characteristics of traffic data is proposed. All the traffic data flowing through the Web server is acquired by the collection and storage system, the original traffic data is divided into multiple flow segments by the preprocessing module, and the simple statistical features of several data packets in the flow are extracted by the analysis tool to form the detection sequence. The deep neural network is used to learn the potential time-frequency domain connection in the normal feature sequence and generate the reconstructed sequence. The discrimination module discriminates against the LDoS attack according to the difference between the reconstructed sequence and the input data in the time-frequency domain. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately detect the attack features in the stream segments in a very short time, and can achieve high detection accuracy for complex and diverse LDoS attacks. Because only the statistical characteristics of data packets are used, it is not necessary to analyze the data in the packets, which can be adapted to different network environments.
Mosquito sex and mycobiota contribute to fructose metabolism in the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus
Authors: Guégan Morgane , Martin Edwige , Tran Van Van , Fel Benjamin , Hay Anne-Emmanuelle , Simon Laurent , Butin Noémie , Bellvert Floriant , Haichar Feth el Zahar , Valiente Moro Claire
Published: August 2022

Background

Plant floral nectars contain natural sugars such as fructose, which are a primary energy resource for adult mosquitoes. Despite the importance of carbohydrates for mosquito metabolism, a limited knowledge is available about the pathways involved in sugar assimilation by mosquitoes and their associated microbiota. To this end, we used13C-metabolomic and stable isotope probing approaches coupled to high-throughput sequencing to reveal fructose-related mosquito metabolic pathways and the dynamics of the active gut microbiota following fructose ingestion.

Results

Our results revealed significant differences in metabolic pathways between males and females, highlighting different modes of central carbon metabolism regulation. Competitive and synergistic interactions of diverse fungal taxa were identified within the active mycobiota following fructose ingestion. In addition, we identified potential cross-feeding interactions between this. Interestingly, there is a strong correlation between several active fungal taxa and the presence of fructose-derived metabolites.

Conclusions

Altogether, our results provide novel insights into mosquito carbohydrate metabolism and demonstrate that dietary fructose as it relates to mosquito sex is an important determinant of mosquito metabolism; our results also further highlight the key role of active mycobiota interactions in regulating the process of fructose assimilation in mosquitoes. This study opens new avenues for future research on mosquito-microbiota trophic interactions related to plant nectar-derived sugars.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of projectile shape and interior structure on crater size in strength regime
Authors: Kadono T. , Arakawa M. , Tsujido S. , Yasui M. , Hasegawa S. , Kurosawa K. , Shirai K. , Okamoto C. , Ogawa K. , Iijima Y. , Shimaki Y. , Wada K.
Published: August 2022

Experiments on crater formation in the strength regime were conducted using projectiles of various shapes with an aspect ratio of ~ 1, including both solid and hollow interiors. The surface diameter, inner (pit) diameter, and depth of the craters on basalt and porous gypsum targets were measured. Using the bulk density of the projectile, the surface diameter and depth for basalt and the pit diameter and depth for porous gypsum were scaled using the pi-scaling law for crater formation in the strength regime. The numerical code iSALE was used to simulate the impact of projectiles of various shapes and interior structure with similar bulk densities. Results show that the distributions of the maximum (peak) pressure experienced and particle velocity in the targets were similar regardless of projectile shape and interior structure, implying that the dimensions of the final craters were almost identical. This is consistent with the experimental results. Thus, we conclude that the size of the craters formed by the impact of projectiles with different shape and interior structure can be scaled using a conventional scaling law in the strength regime, using bulk density as projectile density.

Graphical abstract
Augmenting Skeletal Muscle Estrogen Does not Prevent or Rescue Obesity-linked Metabolic Impairments in Female Mice
Authors: Aladhami Ahmed K , Unger Christian A , Hope Marion C , Cotham William E , Velázquez Kandy T , Enos Reilly T
Published: August 2022

Aims

We developed a novel mouse model with increased skeletal muscle estrogen content via inducible, skeletal-muscle–specific aromatase overexpression (SkM-Arom↑). We proposed to examine the effect that increased skeletal muscle estrogen both in gonadally intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice has on preventing or rescuing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity.

Methods

In the prevention experiment, gonadally intact and OVX SkM-Arom↑ mice and littermate controls were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD for 13 weeks. SkM-Arom↑ was induced at the initiation of dietary treatment. In the intervention experiment, gonadally intact and OVX SkM-Arom↑ mice and littermate controls were fed an HFD for 14 weeks before induction of SkM-Arom↑ for 6 weeks. Glucose tolerance, insulin action, adipose tissue inflammation, and body composition were assessed. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to determine circulating and skeletal muscle steroid content.

Results

SkM-Arom↑ significantly increased skeletal muscle 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) in both experiments. Interestingly, this resulted in leakage of estrogens into circulation, producing a physiologically relevant E2 concentration. Consequently, bone mineral density (BMD) was enhanced and adipose tissue inflammation was reduced in the prevention experiment only. However, no benefits were seen with respect to changes in adiposity or metabolic outcomes.

Conclusion

We show that increasing skeletal muscle estrogen content does not provide a metabolic benefit in gonadally intact and OVX female mice in the setting of obesity. However, a chronic physiological concentration of circulating E2 can improve BMD and reduce adipose tissue inflammation independently of a metabolic benefit or changes in adiposity.
Normative without power
Authors: Δικαίος Γεώργιος
Published: August 2022

Η κλιματική αλλαγή είναι ένα από τα πλέον επιτακτικά και πολύπλοκα, ως προς την επίλυσή τους, προβλήματα της εποχής μας. Η διεθνής κοινότητα καταβάλλει συστηματικές προσπάθειες και αφιερώνει σημαντικούς πόρους για την αντιμετώπιση των επιπτώσεών της. Στον αγώνα για την καταπολέμηση της κλιματικής αλλαγής, η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (ΕΕ) φιλοδοξεί να έχει πρωταγωνιστικό ρόλο και να αποτελεί μια πραγματική κανονιστική δύναμη. Προς αυτή την κατεύθυνση, παροτρύνει τους εταίρους της να αναλάβουν δράση και τους παρέχει την απαραίτητη γνώση για τη δράση αυτή. Έχοντας ως αφετηρία αυτήν την παρατήρηση, η παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζει τη διπλωματική δράση της ΕΕ, τόσο στην εσωτερική όσο και στην εξωτερική της διάσταση, όπως αυτή διαμορφώνεται προς άλλους διεθνείς οργανισμούς στον τομέα των μεταφορών και σε σχέση με την Ευρωπαϊκή κλιματική νόρμα για τη μείωση των εκπομπών αερίων του θερμοκηπίου. Οι μελέτες περίπτωσης στις οποίες εστιάζει η διατριβή είναι ο Διεθνής Ναυτιλιακός Οργανισμός και ο Διεθνής Οργανισμός Πολιτικής Αεροπορίας. Οι διεθνείς οργανισμοί αυτοί επιλέχθηκαν λόγω των δραστηριοτήτων που ρυθμίζουν (ναυτιλία και αεροπορία, αντίστοιχα) και οι οποίες ανήκουν στους σημαντικότερους ρυπαντές παγκοσμίως, και λόγω του γεγονότος ότι χρειάζεται να εφαρμόσουν σημαντικές μεταρρυθμίσεις προκειμένου να συνεισφέρουν και αυτοί στον μετριασμό των εκπομπών αερίων του θερμοκηπίου. Η διατριβή ενισχύει και συμπληρώνει την ακαδημαϊκή βιβλιογραφία, εντάσσοντας τους τρόπους με τους οποίους η ΕΕ ενεργεί στη διεθνή σκηνή σχετικώς με την κλιματική αλλαγή και αναπτύσσοντας ένα θεωρητικό πλαίσιο που προέρχεται από την -και βασίζεται στην- προσέγγιση της Ευρωπαϊκής Κανονιστικής Ισχύος. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, προτείνει ένα μοντέλο μελέτης της κλιματικής διπλωματίας της ΕΕ σε τρία επίπεδα: τις εσωτερικές διαδικασίες, τις εξωτερικές πρακτικές και την αξιολόγηση της διπλωματίας. Η έρευνα αποδεικνύει ότι και τα τρία επίπεδα είναι απαραίτητα ώστε να μπορέσει μια Ευρωπαϊκή νόρμα να αποκτήσει δυναμική και να διαχυθεί στο διεθνές επίπεδο. Οι ερευνητικές υποθέσεις ελέγχονται μέσω εμπειρικών δεδομένων που έχουν συλλεχθεί από 54 εις βάθος και ημι-δομημένες συνεντεύξεις με αξιωματούχους που συμμετέχουν τόσο στις ευρωπαϊκές όσο και στις διεθνείς διαπραγματεύσεις, καθώς και πληροφοριών που συλλέχθηκαν μέσω πρωτογενών και δευτερογενών πηγών. Η ανάλυση χωρίζεται σε δύο βασικά μέρη, το εσωτερικό και το εξωτερικό, και εξετάζει -αξιολογώντας ταυτόχρονα- τη διπλωματική δράση της ΕΕ. Η διατριβή ολοκληρώνεται με μια ευρύτερη συζήτηση σχετικά με το εάν η ΕΕ είναι πράγματι ή όχι κανονιστική ισχύς στον τομέα της κλιματικής διπλωματίας.
Οι συνταγματικές διαστάσεις της ανθρώπινης αναπαραγωγής
Authors: Μπάκος Ιωάννης
Published: August 2022

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή πραγματεύεται τις συνταγματικές διαστάσεις της ανθρώπινης αναπαραγωγής. Με άλλα λόγια ασχολείται με το δικαίωμα του κάθε ανθρώπου να αποκτήσει ή να μην αποκτήσει τέκνα. Η διατριβή χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη. Στο πρώτο μέρος εξετάζεται το δικαίωμα στην αναπαραγωγή υπό την αρνητική του όψη (δικαίωμα στη μη απόκτηση τέκνων), το οποίο περιλαμβάνει ως επιμέρους δικαιώματα: το δικαίωμα στην αποχή από την ετερόφυλη συνουσία, το δικαίωμα στην εκούσια στείρωση, το δικαίωμα στην τεχνητή διακοπή της εγκυμοσύνης και το δικαίωμα στην άρνηση θεραπείας της υπογονιμότητας. Στο δεύτερο μέρος εξετάζεται αφενός το δικαίωμα στην αναπαραγωγή υπό τη θετική του όψη (δικαίωμα στην απόκτηση τέκνων), το οποίο περιλαμβάνει τόσο το δικαίωμα στη φυσική αναπαραγωγή όσο και το δικαίωμα στην υποβοηθούμενη ή αλλιώς στην τεχνητή αναπαραγωγή και αφετέρου η συνταγματική προβληματική του γεννητικού υλικού. Περαιτέρω, στο δεύτερο μέρος αναπτύσσονται οι επιμέρους εκφάνσεις των δικαιωμάτων στη φυσική και στην υποβοηθούμενη αναπαραγωγή και συγκεκριμένα: ο καθορισμός του χρόνου αναπαραγωγής, η επιλογή του αριθμού των τέκνων, ο τρόπος του τοκετού και η επιλογή του «είδους» των τέκνων. Η διδακτορική διατριβή στοχεύει στην ανάδειξη των ειδικότερων εκφάνσεων του δικαιώματος στην αναπαραγωγή (υπό την αρνητική και τη θετική του όψη), στον εντοπισμό των συνταγματικών διατάξεων στις οποίες αυτές θεμελιώνονται, στη στάθμιση του αναπαραγωγικού δικαιώματος με άλλα συνταγματικά κατοχυρωμένα δικαιώματα, καθώς και στον έλεγχο της συμβατότητας των νομοθετικών ρυθμίσεων στο πεδίο της ανθρώπινης αναπαραγωγής με τις διατάξεις του Συντάγματος.
Locating Civil Society’s Anti-Corruption Role Through Configurational Analysis: Towards A Policy and Research Agenda
Authors: Villanueva Prince Aian G.
Published: August 2022

While corruption studies abound, there is a dearth of scholarship that deals with corruption from the perspective of set relations. A configurational analysis of corruption is helpful in understanding the complexity of such phenomenon. For one, given the complex nature of corruption, democratic governments and civil society are prompted to address it via holistic and integrative anti-corruption strategies. This complexity seems to resonate with what qualitative comparative analysts hold regarding the import of contexts and with the configurational character of much of social life. From the perspective of set-theoretic, configurational analysis, in particular qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), corruption should also thus be seen as a conjunctural, equifinal, asymmetrical, and multifinal phenomenon.
Ενεργειακή Διπλωματία στην Ανατολική Μεσόγειο: Οι Περιπτώσεις των Αγωγών Ηλεκτρικής Διασύνδεσης EuroAsia και EuroAfrica Interconnector
Authors: Τσουκαλά Όλγα
Published: August 2022

Επ’ αφορμής της πρόσφατης και εν εξελίξει ρωσικής εισβολής κατά της Ουκρανίας, τέθηκε στο τραπέζι των διαπραγματεύσεων η συζήτηση για το μέγεθος της εξάρτησης της αγοράς ενέργειας από τους ρωσικούς φυσικούς πόρους, όπως λ.χ. το φυσικό αέριο. Στην παρούσα μελέτη θα γίνει μια προσπάθεια να καταγραφούν οι διακρατικές συνεργασίες στον ενεργειακό τομέα μεταξύ της Ελλάδος, του Ισραήλ, της Αιγύπτου και της Κύπρου. Σκοπός του παρόντος εγχειρήματος είναι να μελετήσει τα προτερήματα των διασυνδετήριων αγωγών “EuroAsia Interconnector” και “EuroAfrica Interconnector” από κοινού με το πλαίσιο ενεργειακής διπλωματίας, το οποίο οικοδομείται στην Ανατολική Μεσόγειο. Η παρούσα ανάλυση θα προβεί σε μία εξέταση των πιθανών πολιτικών επιλογών των ήδη δομημένων σχέσεων των ανωτέρω κρατών, καταλήγοντας στον τρόπο με τον οποίο αυτές μπορούν να αποτελέσουν το βασικό πυλώνα για την σταδιακή και εν τοις πράγμασι εδραίωση της ενεργειακής αυτονομίας στην περιοχή της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου.
H Πολιτική Διαχείριση της Πανδημίας COVID-19: Διαφορετικές Προσεγγίσεις
Authors: Δούκη Σταματίνα , Δούκη Νίκη Χριστίνα
Published: August 2022

Η ταχεία εξάπλωση του ιού SarsCoV-2, αποτέλεσε πρόκληση για τη βιωσιμότητα των συστημάτων υγείας, παγκόσμια, σχετικά με την πρόληψη των λοιμώξεων, τη διαχείριση επειγουσών καταστάσεων και τη διασφάλιση αποτελεσματικών στρατηγικών προκειμένου να προστατευθεί η δημόσια υγεία. Η παρούσα ερευνητική μελέτη στοχεύει στην ανασκόπηση και στη σύνθεση της διεθνούς υπάρχουσας βιβλιογραφίας, στην οποία καταγράφονται οι διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις διαχείρισης της πανδημίας COVID-19. Η μεθοδολογία που ακολουθήθηκε περιλάμβανε την αναζήτηση σχετικής βιβλιογραφίας και ερευνητικών δεδομένων, τα οποία συλλέχθηκαν μέσα από την ηλεκτρονική βάση δεδομένων Google Scholar, Pub-med, μέσα από άρθρα, περιοδικά και βιβλία. Η μελέτη καθιστά ξεκάθαρο ότι η σύνθεση όλων των διαφορετικών προσεγγίσεων, αναφορικά με τη διαχείριση της πανδημίας, θα συμβάλλει σημαντικά στην ολιστική αντιμετώπισή της, με την ενσωμάτωσή τους στα κατάλληλα προγράμματα για τον περιορισμό των σοβαρών συνεπειών της.
Records of antibodies in breast milk in postpartum women who have been vaccinated or exposed to COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Mardiyan Kurniawati Eighty , Rahmawati Nur Anisah
Published: August 2022

Background: Breast milk is a critical element in developing a baby's immunity through immune transfer. Antibodies are an essential unit of immunity against infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This paper explores antibodies in breast milk in postpartum women who have been vaccinated or exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Duration of antibody appearance was studied to determine the adequate time in transferring antibodies by breastfeeding.

Methods: Three databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, were used as sources of articles. Inclusion criteria applied in selecting articles were prospective observational study or experimental design study in English, evaluating antibodies in breast milk, and conducted between 2019–2021. Article quality and risk of bias were assessed with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). The data found were synthesized in a narrative manner.

Results: This systematic review included 20 articles. A total of 306 postpartum women who were infected with COVID-19, 20 postpartum women who had viral symptoms and 495 postpartum women who had been vaccinated were studied. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were found in the breast milk of infected and vaccinated postpartum women. SARS CoV-2 infection is associated with the presence of IgA dominant, whereas vaccination is related to the presence of IgG dominant. Antibodies persisted from day 10 of onset to 10 months in infected postpartum women and started from three days to six weeks in vaccinated postpartum women. Meta-analysis could not be carried out due to the variety of articles.

Conclusions: Antibodies found in breast milk in infected and vaccinated postpartum women have different dominant types. Further research needs to be done regarding the mechanism of antibody transfer in breast milk, longer research duration and studies that directly examine the comparison of antibodies in breast milk in vaccinated and infected postpartum women.

Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022340859, 23 June 2022).
Investigation of amino acids’ levels in the vitreous body of experimental animals in regmatogenic retinal detachment
Authors: Levytska H. , Levytskyi I. , Savytskyi I. , Zaiats L. , Sarakhan L.
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of studying the levels of amino acids in the vitreous body of rats with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at different stages of modeling the pathology (on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day). In animals with modeling RRD, was observed a significant increase in the level of alanine, aspartate, glycine, glutamic acid compared with rats of conditionally intact group; maximum changes in indicators were observed on the 7th day of the study. The obtained data are explained by significant neurochemical changes of the glutamatergic system of the neural retina, which cause excitotoxicity (as a result of massive release of neuronal glutamate) and structural changes. In the study of the level of valine, histidine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and methionine, it was found that these amino acids are not involved in the pathogenesis of RRD, so their level does not change. The obtained experimental data deepen the existing pathophysiological data on the pathogenetic links of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the early stages of its progression, which is important for practical ophthalmology to develop effective pharmacotherapy of this disease.
Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: evaluation and management.
Authors: Obuchowska Aleksandra , Standyło Arkadiusz , Obuchowska Karolina , Gorczyca Kamila , Kimber-Trojnar Żaneta , Leszczyńska-Gorzelak Bożena
Published: August 2022

Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells (RBC) is insufficient to meet the body's physiological needs for oxygen transport. A limiting factor for the erythrocyte mass increase is iron deficiency, which can also have a negative impact on the pregnancy's prognosis. The most frequent pathogenic cause of anemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Biochemical tests such as serum iron concentration, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin concentration, and ferritin concentration are decreased in iron deficiency anemia. In clinical practice, iron deficiency is defined as low serum ferritin or a decreased percentage of transferrin saturation by iron. Usually, the diagnosis begins with the determination of serum ferritin. Although iron supplementation for iron deficiency is advised as soon as the condition has been diagnosed, prophylactic iron delivery is still under discussion. In patients for whom oral iron is ineffective or contraindicated, intravenous iron can be used to restore lost iron.
Sequential Bidding for Merging in Algorithmic Traffic
Authors: Markakis Mihalis G. , Talluri Kalyan , Tikhonenko Dmitrii
Published: August 2022

Problem definition: We consider the problem of resolving ad hoc unpredictable congestion in environments where customers have private time valuations. We investigate the design of fair, efficient, budget-balanced, and implementable bidding mechanisms for observable queues. Academic/practical relevance: Our primary motivation comes from merging in algorithmic traffic, i.e., a driver wishing to merge in a relatively dense platoon of vehicles in a coordinated and efficient way, using intervehicle communication and micropayments, akin to an arriving customer trading for position in a single-server observable queue. Methodology: We analyze the performance of a mechanism where the queue joiner makes sequential take-it-or-leave-it bids from tail to head (T2H) of a platoon, with the condition that the vehicle can advance to the next position only if it wins the bid. This mechanism is designed so that it is implementable, balances the budget, and imposes no negative externalities. Results: We compared this mechanism with head to tail (H2T) bidding, which favors the merging driver but potentially causes uncompensated externalities. Assuming i.i.d. time valuations, we obtain the optimal bids, value functions, and expected social welfare in closed form in both mechanisms. Moreover, if the time valuation of the merging driver is not high, we show that the expected social welfare of T2H is close to a partial information social optimum and that the expected social welfare of H2T is lower than that of T2H as long as the platoon is not too short. Managerial implications: Our findings suggest that mechanisms based on sequential take-it-or-leave-it bids from T2H of an observable queue have good social welfare performance, even if the corresponding bids are not chosen optimally, as long as the time valuation of the arriving customer is not high. Nevertheless, the tension between individual incentives and social welfare seems hard to resolve, highlighting the role of platforms to enforce the cooperation of involved parties.

Funding: This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [Grants ECO2013-41131-R and ECO2016-75905-R (AEI/FEDER, UE)]. M.G. Markakis was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [the Juan de la Cierva fellowship and the Ramón y Cajal fellowship].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1144 .
A Massive Right Atrial Mass in Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Benjanuwattra Juthipong , Abdelnabi Mahmoud , Rahman Rubayat , Jenkins Leigh Ann
Published: August 2022

Right atrial masses are rare and diagnosis can be difficult unless histopathological specimens are obtained. In addition, the clinical course is not well documented, thereby making diagnosis and management challenging. The mass can be associated with haemodynamic instability with the potential to cause obstructive shock and embolism. We present the case of a young woman with untreated chronic myelogenous leukaemia with a massive haemodynamically significant right atrial mass. The usefulness of multimodality imaging and a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosing and treating this condition is highlighted.
Trying to conceive
Authors: McEwen Karen
Published: August 2022

Karen McEwen discusses My Expert Midwife's kit and guide for helping couples who are trying to have a baby
Midwives’ experiences caring for asylum-seeking women in the UK: a systematic review
Authors: Letley Katherine
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims

Asylum-seeking women face higher rates of maternal and neonatal mortality as a result of multiple barriers to accessing maternity care. Midwives are currently experiencing short staffing and high rates of burnout. Complex cases can add additional workload and stress. There is an evidence gap concerning midwives’ experiences of caring for asylum-seeking women in the UK. This study's aim was to examine the existing literature on this topic and consider the findings against the current realities of working within the NHS maternity system.

Methods

Literature was screened using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative article checklist and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses flow diagram. Eight studies were included and analysed for thematic similarities.

Results

The results of the systematic review were categorised into three themes: racism and resentment, structural difficulties and systematic problems.

Conclusions

Midwives lacked the time to appropriately care for asylum-seeking women. A lack of time and resources may negatively impact midwives’ attitudes towards asylum-seeking women.
What refugee women want from maternity care: a qualitative study
Authors: Evans Maria , Plows Jennifer , McCarthy Rose , McConville Brigid , Haith-Cooper Melanie
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims

For refugee women, pregnancy and early motherhood can exacerbate poor underlying health, poverty, and deprivation. Despite the wealth of research exploring the experiences of pregnant refugee women, maternity care providers remain unprepared for their unique needs. The aim of this study was to ask what refugee women require from maternity care, reduce adverse risks, and improve maternity care experiences

Methods

Secondary analysis of focus group data from refugee women as part of the ‘What women want’ White Ribbon Alliance campaign.

Results

Three key themes emerged: feeling safe in the maternity system and in their communities; fair and equal access and treatment in maternity care and the asylum system: building a future in the UK.

Conclusions

Midwives need additional training and education to understand the wider issues of the negative discourse around migration and being an asylum seeker and use this knowledge in practice when caring for women to help them feel safe.
Mediolateral episiotomies: more astute decisions and fewer acute incisions
Authors: Buckingham Mickey , Wong Ka Woon , Andrews Vasanth
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims

When a mediolateral episiotomy is performed at an angle of 60° from the midline, it is associated with the lowest incidence of an obstetric anal sphincter injury. However, it has been reported that doctors and midwives believe a mediolateral episiotomy should be performed at 45o from the midline. The aim of this study was to assess doctors’ and midwives’ awareness of the optimal technique when performing a mediolateral episiotomy.

Methods

An interview-administered questionnaire, with an associated pictorial diagram, was completed by 78 doctors and midwives in a London maternity unit.

Results

Midwives reported that mediolateral episiotomy should be performed at a significantly more acute angle than doctors (45° compared with 60°, P<0.05). Doctors and midwives that had been supervised for at least 10 mediolateral episiotomy procedures were significantly more likely to be aware of (45° compared with 60°, P=0.04) and depict (50° compared with 60°, P=0.03) an optimal mediolateral episiotomy, which is performed at 60° from the midline.

Conclusions

Midwives and doctors that had been supervised for at least 10 mediolateral episiotomy procedures prior to independent practice knew that a mediolateral episiotomy should be performed at 60° from the midline; therefore, consideration should be given to making supervised practice mandatory, to minimise risks to pregnant people.
Dental implants: the new gold standard
Authors: Lloyd-Rees Kimberley
Published: August 2022

Kimberley Lloyd-Rees discusses the most important thing for dental implant success.
Let food be your medicine
Authors: Hutson Susan
Published: August 2022

Susan Hutson discusses the importance of a healthy diet.
Back from maternity
Authors: Smale Tegan
Published: August 2022

Dental Nursing talks to dental nurse Tegan Smale about her experience returning to work after maternity leave.
Effects of diaphragmatic breathing and pursed lip breathing exercises on the pulmonary function and walking endurance in patients with chronic stroke: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yoon Jeong-Min , Im Sang-Cheol , Kim Kyoung
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims

Neurological dysfunction from stroke affects not only the muscles of the extremities and trunk, but also the respiratory function, so it is important to improve the respiratory function of patients with stroke is recognised as an important part. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing exercises on pulmonary function, chest expansion and walking endurance in older patients with chronic stroke.

Methods

The participants were 32 older patients with chronic stroke, randomly assigned to two groups. The study group (n=16) performed diaphragmatic breathing exercises in combination with pursed lip breathing exercises, while the control group (n=16) performed non-resistant cycle ergometer exercises. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second FEV1 to forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, chest expansion and 6-Minute Walk Test measurements were taken before and 4 weeks after treatment.

Results

The breathing exercise group exhibited a significant increase in chest expansion and 6-Minute Walk Test outcome measurements (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak expiratory flow between the two groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions

Diaphragmatic breathing and pursed lip breathing exercises were effective in improving pulmonary function in older patients with chronic stroke.
Dynamics and Vibration Analysis of a Rotor-Bearing System in a Turbofan Engine with Emphasis on Bearings Modeling
Authors: Rahmani Hossein , Elhami Mohammadreza , Petrudi Amin Moslemi
Published: August 2022

In this research, while investigating the vibration analysis of rotary axes, we specifically investigate the rotor of a turbofan engine used in the industry. The features of this rotor range are high-performance, lightweight, and low-vibration range. These three factors are in contradiction with each other, resulting in a thorough examination of the total vibration of the complete turbofan rotor. To achieve this, various parameters such as the concentration of properties, rotational inertia, gyroscopic torque, rotational loading, effects of unbalanced mass, crevillous effects, bearing flexibility, etc. have been studied in modeling. The rotor’s natural frequencies, along with the critical velocity, are plotted as well as the shape of its modes. The software is required to perform the computations written by Ansys software and after ensuring its accuracy.
Influence of Density on Throughput Performance in Cognitive Ultra-dense Networks
Authors: Ivanov Antoni , Tonchev Krasimir , Koleva Pavlina , Poulkov Vladimir
Published: August 2022

Current advancements of Fifth Generation (5G) of mobile communications and beyond, have envisioned future networks as highly dense and coexisting in various bandwidths, providing seamless connectivity to users at any location. Thus, it is important to describe the effects and limits of densification and spectrum sharing. This article examines a less explored system model of a terrestrial cognitive radio (CR) based ultra-dense network (UDN) that operates within the range of a cellular macro base station (BS) and its users. It shares the incumbent spectrum in the interweave mode to avoid interference to the primary network, by implementing two common methods for energy detection (ED) spectrum sharing – Gaussian ED and Fading ED (FED). Through extensive simulations, the critical density of the UDN’s cognitive access points (CAPs), the ED efficiency, as well as the throughput gains, are determined through the measured signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) at the CAPs and SUs. Additionally, the influence of different SU densification on the throughput is analyzed for the critical CAP density. It has been assessed that due to the high path loss in UDNs, the spectrum utilization gain (SUG) is small, but it may be improved through appropriate SU densification.
PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DE FEIRANTES E O USO DE BEBIDAS ALCOÓLICAS NO PADRÃO DE USO NOCIVO OU PROVÁVEL DEPENDÊNCIA, CONFORME AUDIT
Authors: Santos Guilherme de Jesus
Published: August 2022

A partir da 8a Conferência Nacional de Saúde, a saúde passa a ser concebida como resultante das condições de vida, incluindo alimentação, habitação, educação, renda, meio-ambiente, trabalho, transporte, emprego, lazer, liberdade, acesso e posse de terra e acesso a serviços de saúde (BRASIL, 1986).
Metodologia de Padronização de Desenvolvimento de Bibliotecas de Componentes elétricos e eletrônicos para uma aplicação de simulação e análise de circuitos
Authors: Vasconcelos Alvim Ícaro
Published: August 2022

Na engenharia elétrica, à medida que a complexidade dos circuitos elétricos aumenta, torna-se mais difícil ou até mesmo, humanamente impossível, obter uma solução analítica que represente fielmente seu comportamento.
Efeito da temperatura sobre a composição físico-química e compostos bioativos de farinha de jamelão obtida por secagem artificial
Authors: Silva Jaiane Gomes Teixeira
Published: August 2022

O jamelão (Syzygium cumini) é uma planta de médio porte e sua altura pode alcançar até 10 metros da família Mirtaceae, oriunda da Índia oriental (MORTON, 1987) e encontrada em diversos estados das regiões sudeste, nordeste e norte do Brasilcom diversas denominações como azeitona preta. Possui produção abundante de frutos, e sua copa é cheia de ramificações.
WhichTF is functionally important in your open chromatin data?
Authors: Tanigawa Yosuke , Dyer Ethan S. , Bejerano Gill
Published: August 2022

We present WhichTF, a computational method to identify functionally important transcription factors (TFs) from chromatin accessibility measurements. To rank TFs, WhichTF applies an ontology-guided functional approach to compute novel enrichment by integrating accessibility measurements, high-confidence pre-computed conservation-aware TF binding sites, and putative gene-regulatory models. Comparison with prior sheer abundance-based methods reveals the unique ability of WhichTF to identify context-specific TFs with functional relevance, including NF-κB family members in lymphocytes and GATA factors in cardiac cells. To distinguish the transcriptional regulatory landscape in closely related samples, we apply differential analysis and demonstrate its utility in lymphocyte, mesoderm developmental, and disease cells. We find suggestive, under-characterized TFs, such as RUNX3 in mesoderm development and GLI1 in systemic lupus erythematosus. We also find TFs known for stress response, suggesting routine experimental caveats that warrant careful consideration. WhichTF yields biological insight into known and novel molecular mechanisms of TF-mediated transcriptional regulation in diverse contexts, including human and mouse cell types, cell fate trajectories, and disease-associated cells.
Diagnostics to support the control of scabies–Development of two target product profiles
Authors: Marks Michael , McVernon Jodie , McCarthy James S. , Enbiale Wendemagegn , Hanna Christopher , Chosidow Olivier , Engelman Daniel , Asiedu Kingsley , Steer Andrew
Published: August 2022

Background

Scabies was added to the WHO NTD portfolio in 2017 and targets for the control of scabies were included in the 2021–2030 WHO NTD roadmap. A major component of scabies control efforts a strategy based on mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin. Currently diagnosis of scabies relies on clinical examination with a limited role for diagnostic testing. Under the recommendation of the WHO Diagnostic Technical Advisory Group (DTAG) for Neglected Tropical Diseases, a working group was assembled and tasked with agreeing on priority use cases for and developing target product profiles (TPPs) for new diagnostics tools for scabies.

Methodology and principal findings

The working group convened three times and established two use cases: establishing if the 10% threshold for mass drug administration had been reached and if the 2% threshold for stopping mass drug administration has been achieved. One subgroup assessed the current diagnostic landscape for scabies and a second subgroup determined the test requirements for both use cases. Draft TPPs were sent out for input from stakeholders and experts. Both TPPs considered the following parameters: product use, design, performance, configuration, cost, access and equity. The group considered the use of the tests as a single step process or as part of a two step process following initial clinical examination. When used a single step test (the ideal scenario) for starting MDA a new diagnostic required a sensitivity of ≥92% and a specificity of ≥98%. When used a single step test (the ideal scenario) for stopping MDA a new diagnostic required a sensitivity of ≥80% and a specificity of ≥99%.

Conclusions

The TPPs developed will provide test developers with guidance to ensure that novel diagnostic tests meet identified public health needs.
The influence of air pollution on residents’ outdoor exercise participation behaviour: Evidence from China Family Panel Studies
Authors: Guo Enkai , Zhong Huamei , Li Jing , Gao Yang , Li Jie , Wang Zhaohong
Published: August 2022

Using data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and based on the Probit and Tobit models, this study investigates the impact of air pollution on residents’ outdoor exercise behaviour from the microscopic level. Specifically, this study examined the effects of PM2.5 index changes on residents’ decision to participate in outdoor exercise and the duration of outdoor exercise participation. The empirical results show that the increase of PM2.5 index has a significant inhibitory effect on residents’ participation in outdoor exercise, and has passed the robustness test and endogeneity test. Further testing found that the inhibitory effect was significantly different between urban and rural areas, and in the central, north-eastern and western regions where economic development was relatively backward, the conclusion that air pollution inhibited residents’ outdoor exercise behaviour still holds true. However, the level of air pollution had no significant effect on the outdoor exercise behaviour of residents in the eastern region. So, while air pollution discourages residents from participating in outdoor exercise, the results are more applicable to less economically developed areas.