bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The investigation into indomethacin‐induced potentiation of the contractile response to antigen in ovalbumin‐sensitized guinea‐pig tracheas
Authors: Bozkurt Turgut Emrah , Sahin‐Erdemli Inci , Ilhan Mustafa
Published: January 2011

In the present study, we investigated the mediators involved in the potentiation of antigen‐induced contractions by indomethacin in tracheas isolated from ovalbumin (OA)‐sensitized guinea‐pigs. Indomethacin‐induced potentiation of OA contraction was mimicked by prostaglandin DP/EP1/EP2receptor antagonist, AH‐6809 but not by phospholipase A2enzyme inhibitor mepacrine. The lipoxygenase inhibitor AA‐861 did not affect the contraction response to OA but prevented its potentiation by indomethacin, while the leukotriene receptor antagonist cinalukast inhibited both the OA response and its potentiation. However, the antagonists of platelet‐activating factor (PAF) (BN‐52021), adenosine (CGS‐15943), endothelin ETAand ETBreceptors (BQ‐123, BQ‐788), and the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor phosphoramidon did not alter the OA‐induced contraction and its potentiation by indomethacin. Furthermore, capsaicin and neuropeptide receptor NK1, NK2, and NK3 antagonists (L‐732128, MEN‐10376, and SB‐218795, respectively) also did not affect the OA‐induced contractions and its potentiation. On the other hand, the ‘transient receptor potential vanilloid 1’ (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine inhibited the potentiation response, while it did not alter the OA contraction itself. In conclusion, the potentiation of OA‐induced contraction by indomethacin is more likely due to the increase in lipoxygenase products by the shift of arachidonic acid towards lipoxygenase pathway. Because some of the lipoxygenase products are potent vanilloid agonists, the stimulation of TRPV1 receptors besides leukotriene receptors seems to participate in the potentiation of contraction response in sensitized guinea‐pig tracheas. PAF, adenosine, endothelins, and the neuropeptides present in the afferent neurons do not contribute to the potentiation of OA‐induced contraction by indomethacin.
Treatment of primary immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia with mycophenolate mofetil in two cats
Authors: Bacek Lenore M. , Macintire Douglass K.
Published: January 2011

Objective –To describe the use of oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as an adjunctive therapy in 2 cats with primary immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia.

Case Series Summary –Two cats suffering from presumptive primary immune mediated hemolytic were treated with MMF as part of their treatment regimens. Both cats had improved complete blood counts following therapy.

New or Unique Information Provided –This is the first reported use of oral MMF as adjunctive treatment for cats with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia. Outcome was favorable in both cats and no adverse effects were noted from the MMF.
Evaluation of gastric pressures as an indirect method for measurement of intraabdominal pressures in the horse
Authors: Munsterman Amelia S. , Hanson Russell Reid
Published: January 2011

Objective
–
To develop an indirect method for measurement of intraabdominal pressures in the standing horse using measurement of gastric pressures as a less invasive technique, and to compare this method with direct intraabdominal pressures obtained from the peritoneal cavity.

Design
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Prospective, experimental study.

Setting
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University‐based equine research facility.

Animals
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Ten healthy adult horses, 7 geldings and 3 mares.

Interventions
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Gastric pressures were measured using a nasogastric tube with a U‐tube manometry technique, while intraperitoneal pressures were measured with a peritoneal cannula. Measurements of intraabdominal pressure were obtained by both methods, simultaneously, and were evaluated using 5 increasing volumes of fluid infused into the stomach (0, 400, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 mL). Bias and agreement between the 2 methods were determined using Bland‐Altman analysis and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients.

Measurements and Main Results
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Mean gastric pressure was 14.44±4.69 cm H2O and ranged from 0 to 25.8 cm H2O. Intraperitoneal pressure measurements were generally subatmospheric, and ranged from −6.6 to 3.1 cm H2O (mean±SD, −1.59±2.09 cm H2O). Measurements of intraperitoneal pressures were repeatable; however, intra‐ and interindividual variance was significantly larger for measurements of gastric pressures. The mean and relative bias for comparison between the 2 techniques was 15.9±5.3 cm H2O and 244.3±199.2%, respectively. The Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between gastric and intraperitoneal pressures was −0.003 but this was not statistically significant (P=0.75).

Conclusions
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There was no statistical concordance between measurements of intraabdominal pressure using gastric and intraperitoneal pressure measurement, indicating that gastric pressures cannot be substituted for intraperitoneal pressure measurement. Direct measurement of intraperitoneal pressures may be a more consistent method for comparison of intraabdominal pressures between horses, due to less variability within and between individuals.
Experimental Evaluation of the Restoration Capacity of a Fish‐Farm Impacted Area with Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile Seedlings
Authors: Domínguez Marta , Celdrán David , Muñoz‐Vera Ana , Infantes Eduardo , Martinez‐Baños Pedro , Marín Arnaldo , Terrados Jorge
Published: January 2011

Marine aquaculture is an activity that has induced severe local losses of seagrass meadows along the coastal areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of an area degraded by fish‐farm activities to support Posidonia oceanica seedlings. In the study site, a bay in the southeast coast of Spain where part of a meadow disappeared by fish‐farm activities, seedlings inside mesh‐pots were planted in three areas. Two plots were established in each area, one in P. oceanica dead matte and another inside a P. oceanica meadow. To evaluate if sediment conditions were adequate for the life of the seedlings, half of them were planted in direct contact with the sediment and the other half were planted above the surface of the sediment in each plot. Monitoring during 1 year showed that there were large differences in seedling survival between the dead matte and the P. oceanica meadow. While seedlings planted in dead matte had a high survivorship after 1 year (75%), seedlings planted in P. oceanica progressively died (survivorship of 20% after 1 year). The average leaf length of the seedlings surviving in the two substrata was not different, but the leaf area per seedling was lower in the seedlings growing inside the P. oceanica meadow during most part of the year. Seedling survivorship and vegetative development were not affected by the level of planting and suggest that the sediment conditions are adequate for the life of P. oceanica seedlings.
Prospective Evaluation of Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis in 36 Nonarticular Tibial Fractures in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Guiot Laurent P. , Déjardin Loïc M.
Published: January 2011

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcome of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for nonarticular tibial fractures stabilized using bone plates with or without an intramedullary rod (IMR).

Study Design:Prospective study.

Animals:Dogs (n=28) and 8 cats.

Methods:After closed reduction, fracture fixation was achieved using an epiperiosteal plate inserted percutaneously through epiphyseal small incisions. In some fractures, an IMR was inserted via medial parapatellar arthrotomy. Radiographs were recommended every 3 weeks until clinical union. Postoperative tibial length and alignment were compared with contralateral measurements (P<.05). Time to clinical union and complications were recorded.

Results:An IMR was used in 30.5% of the cases. Repaired tibiae were 1% shorter than contralateral tibiae (P<.05). Frontal and sagittal alignment were similar between repaired and contralateral tibiae (P>.05). Six dogs were lost for follow‐up; owners indicated normal function. In 30 cases for which bone healing was documented, mean±SD healing time was 45±20.8 days; however, when considering the 23 cases, which completed preestablished scheduled follow‐ups, healing time was 36±11.6 days. Minor complications occurred in 4 cases (11%). One major complication (3%) consisting of a plate fracture was successfully revised using MIPO with a larger plate.

Conclusions:Consistent restoration of alignment was accomplished using MIPO techniques. Furthermore, MIPO appeared to yield faster healing times and lower complication rates than those reported with conventional plate osteosynthesis.
One Stage Functional End‐to‐End Stapled Intestinal Anastomosis and Resection Performed by Nonexpert Surgeons for the Treatment of Small Intestinal Obstruction in 30 Dogs
Authors: Jardel Nicolas , Hidalgo Antoine , Leperlier Dimitri , Manassero Mathieu , Gomes Aymeric , Bedu Anne Sophie , Moissonnier Pierre , Fayolle Pascal , Begon Dominique , Riquois Elisabeth , Viateau Véronique
Published: January 2011

Objectives:To describe stapled 1‐stage functional end‐to‐end intestinal anastomosis for treatment of small intestinal obstruction in dogs and evaluate outcome when the technique is performed by nonexpert surgeons after limited training in the technique.

Study Design:Case series.

Animals:Dogs (n=30) with intestinal lesions requiring an enterectomy.

Methods:Stapled 1‐stage functional end‐to‐end anastomosis and resection using a GIA‐60 and a TA‐55 stapling devices were performed under supervision of senior residents and faculty surgeons by junior surgeons previously trained in the technique on pigs. Procedure duration and technical problems were recorded. Short‐term results were collected during hospitalization and at suture removal. Long‐term outcome was established by clinical and ultrasonographic examinations at least 2 months after surgery and from written questionnaires, completed by owners.

Results:Mean±SD procedure duration was 15±12 minutes. Postoperative recovery was uneventful in 25 dogs. One dog had anastomotic leakage, 1 had a localized abscess at the transverse staple line, and 3 dogs developed an incisional abdominal wall abscess. No long‐term complications occurred (follow‐up, 2–32 months).

Conclusion:Stapled 1‐stage functional end‐to‐end anastomosis and resection is a fast and safe procedure in the hand of nonexpert but trained surgeons.
Unilateral Nephrectomy in 10 Cattle
Authors: Vogel Susan R. , Desrochers André , Babkine Marie , Mulon Pierre‐Yves , Nichols Sylvain
Published: January 2011

Objective:To describe clinical and imaging findings, treatment, and long‐term outcome of cattle undergoing unilateral nephrectomy.

Study Design:Case series.

Animals:Cattle (n=10).

Methods:Medical records (January 1991–August 2008) of cattle that had unilateral nephrectomy were reviewed. Follow‐up data were obtained by owner telephone interview.

Results:Nephrectomy was performed without surgical complications. Transient increases in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations occurred after surgery and then returned to, or below, presurgical values in 9 cattle. Nine cows were discharged and 7 rejoined their respective herd as productive animals without long‐term complications.

Conclusions:Ultrasonography was the most useful imaging tool for presurgical diagnosis. Based on our follow‐up data, unilateral nephrectomy resulted in few serious short‐term or long‐term complications, and cattle undergoing this procedure are capable of satisfactory growth, reproduction, and milk production after surgery.
Storage of whole blood for up to 24 hours at ambient temperature before component preparation: implementation in the Netherlands
Authors: Pietersz R.N.I.
Published: January 2011

The aim of this article is to reflect on the historical background on what urged the authors in the 1980s to investigate the prolonged storage of whole blood at ambient temperature before component preparation, the routine implementation of the method in the Netherlands, and the effect on logistics and plasma procurement.
Effect of additive solutions on red blood cell (RBC) membrane properties of stored RBCs prepared from whole blood held for 24 hours at room temperature
Authors: Veale Margaret F. , Healey Gerry , Sparrow Rosemary L.
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND: The quality of RBC components is influenced by collection, processing and storage conditions. Regulations require that whole blood (WB) units be refrigerated within 8 hours and processed into RBCs within 24 hours of collection. Overnight room temperature hold of WB has logistical advantages, but the effect on RBC quality has not been fully investigated. RBC additive solutions were compared for their ability to provide improved quality of RBCs prepared from WB held at room temperature for 24 hours.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Leukocyte‐reduced RBCs were prepared from WB held at 20°C on cooling plates for 24 hours prior to processing. RBCs were stored in additive solutions, SAG‐M (control), Erythrosol‐4, and PAGGSM, under standard blood banking conditions and sampled during 49 days of storage. Stored RBCs were evaluated for RBC shape and microparticle (MP) accumulation using flow cytometry. Osmotic fragility, adhesion of RBCs to endothelium under shear stress conditions (0.5 dyne/cm2), and routine RBC quality parameters were assessed.

RESULTS: RBCs stored in Erythrosol‐4 and PAGGSM had decreased cell size, reduced osmotic fragility, and decreased accumulation of glycophorin A‐positive MPs and annexin V‐binding MPs compared with RBCs stored in SAG‐M. RBCs stored in erythrosol‐4 had increased adherence to endothelium at days 42 and 49 compared with RBCs stored in SAG‐M or PAGGSM.

CONCLUSION: RBCs stored in PAGGSM or Erythrosol‐4 had improved retention of RBC membrane and osmotic resilience. The development of new additive solutions may offer improved quality of RBC components prepared from WB held overnight at room temperature.
Platelet concentrates from fresh or overnight‐stored blood, an international study
Authors: Dijkstra‐Tiekstra M.J. , van der Meer P.F. , Cardigan R. , Devine D. , Prowse C. , Sandgren P. , de Wildt‐Eggen J. ,   for the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion Collaborative
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND: Whole blood and also buffy coats (BCs) can be held for a few hours or overnight before processing into blood components or platelet concentrates (PCs). Individual studies have reported a range of outcomes regarding in vitro variables for PCs prepared from fresh and stored whole blood. In this multicenter study, effects of storage of whole blood or BCs on the in vitro quality of PCs were studied.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The leukoreduced BC PCs were prepared from fresh BCs (2‐8 hr after collection; fresh/fresh), from BCs at 20 to 24 hours after collection (fresh/stored), or from BCs prepared from whole blood stored for 20 to 24 hours (stored/fresh). PCs were stored on a flat‐bed shaker at 20 to 24°C for 7 days. PCs were tested on Days 0 (only fresh/fresh), 1, 5, and 7 for in vitro quality. There were six participating centers that tested all three conditions with n = 6 per condition.

RESULTS: In comparison to fresh/stored and stored/fresh PCs, fresh/fresh PCs exhibited a lower platelet (PLT) count (Day 1—220 × 109 ± 70 × 109 vs. 324 × 109 ± 50 × 109 and 368 × 109 ± 56 × 109 PLTs/PC), lactate, pCO2, and hypotonic shock response (HSR; Days 5 and 7; Day 7—50 ± 13% vs. 57 ± 12 and 63 ± 11%) and a higher pH, glucose, pO2, and CD62P expression (than stored/fresh PCs only; Day 7—33 ± 10% vs. 28 ± 12 and 24 ± 11%; p < 0.05). No differences were observed for volume, swirling effect, white blood cell count, annexin V binding, or aggregation between these conditions.

CONCLUSION: Based on PLT count, HSR, and PLT activation, PCs are best prepared after 20 to 24 hours hold of the whole blood or BCs.
Anterior Temporal Artery Sign in CT Angiography Predicts Reduced Fatal Brain Edema and Mortality in Acute M1 Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusions
Authors: Menon Bijoy K. , Bal Simerpreet , Modi Jayesh , Sohn Sung Il , Watson Timothy W.J. , Hill Michael D. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Goyal Mayank
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND

Mortality in acute ischemic middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke ranges from 5% to 45%. We identify a vascular imaging sign, presence of “prominent anterior temporal artery” on computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) and investigate whether it predicts mortality in acute M1‐MCA occlusions.

METHODS

One hundred and two patients with acute M1‐MCA occlusions from 2003–to 2007 were included in the study. A prominent anterior temporal artery arising from proximal M1 MCA was identified by two readers blinded to clinical outcome. Primary clinical outcome was survival (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0‐5) at 3 months.

RESULTS

An anterior temporal artery arising from M1 MCA was present in 20/102 (20%). Eighteen of 20 (90%) patients with this sign survived at 3 months (mRS 0‐5) when compared to 66/82 (80.4%) patients without the sign (odds ratio 2.2 CI95 .5‐10.4). The sign has a sensitivity of 21% (CI95 .13‐.25) but specificity of 89% (CI95 .64‐.98) in predicting survival at 3 months. Positive predictive value was 90% with likelihood ratio of 1.9 (CI95 .9‐7.6).

CONCLUSION

Presence of prominent anterior temporal artery in M1‐MCA occlusions on CTA identifies a group of patients with reduced case fatality. The mechanism is likely related to a reduced chance of malignant cerebral edema. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:145‐148.
Endovascular Therapy of a Craniocervical Pial AVF Fed by the Anterior Spinal Artery
Authors: Alshekhlee Amer , Edgell Randall C. , Kale Sushant P. , Kitchener Jacob , Vora Nirav
Published: January 2011

Though pial arteriovenous fistulae (PAVF) are an uncommon cerebrovascular disorder, their presentation with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not rare. PAVF near the craniocervical junction are rare and may have a worse outcome. These fistulae are often fed from either the carotid and/or the vertebrobasilar systems, but are rarely fed by the anterior spinal artery. We report the case of a young man presenting with SAH. Cerebral angiography revealed 2 AVF, a symptomatic PAVF located at the craniocervical junction and fed from the anterior spinal artery and incidental dural AVF (DAVF) originate from the left occipital and middle meningeal arteries. These fistulae were treated with different endovascular techniques, including Onyx and platinum coil embolization into the feeding arteries of the DAVF and PAVF, respectively.
An Initial Study of Three‐Dimensional Perfused Blood Volume Computed Tomography Imaging of Patients with Anterior Circulation Hyperacute Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Zhu Hai‐Yun , Geng Dao‐Ying , Geng Chang‐Ming , Wei Dao‐Ming
Published: January 2011

AIM

To evaluate the value of three‐dimensional (3D) whole brain perfused volume computed tomography (3D PBV CT) based on CT angiography (CTA) data in patients with hyperacute cerebral infarction.

METHODS

Thirty‐five patients who had suffered stroke with anterior circulation within 3 hours underwent nonenhanced CT (NECT) scanning and CTA. Neuro PBV, a 3D software, was utilized to process the raw CTA data and a PBV image of the brain was obtained. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 6 hours after CT imaging. The volume and quantity of the ischemic lesion on 3D PBV and NECT were compared with MR‐diffuse‐weighted imaging (DWI).

RESULTS

The numbers of cerebral infarcts detected by MRI, PBV, and NECT were 40, 38 and 16, respectively. The results of kappa analysis between NECT and PBV with MR were −.0128 and .7622, and a paired t‐test analysis for the measurement of infarct volume between PBV and MRI was t = 7.249, P > .05. The lesions that were not detected by PBV volumes less than 4.5 cm3.

CONCLUSION

3D PBV CT has the potential to assess the full extent of an ischemic stroke at an early stage, whereas PBV is limited to the detection of small infarcts. The 3D PBV CT technique based on CTA data requires no additional radiation exposure or contrast medium injection, and can be performed in a short period of time. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:149‐154.
The Effect of Clomiphene Citrate and Tamoxifen on the Cervical Mucus
Authors: Tepper Ron , Lunenfeld Bruno , Shalev Joseph , Ovadia Jardena , Blankstein Josef
Published: January 2011

The anti‐estrogenic effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) and tamoxifen (TMX) on cervical mucus was evaluated in a prospective crossover study. Ten women underwent randomized alternate cyclical treatment with either 100 mg CC, 40 mg TMX daily, or with placebo. The effect of CC, TMX and placebo on serum estradiol (E2), cervical mucus secretion and on the development of ovarian follicles was evaluated. Compared with placebo, treatment with CC and TMX significantly increased the number of mature ovarian follicles on the day of assumed ovulation (p <0.05), elevated E, secretion (p <0.05) and decreased cervical score (p <0.05). It can be concluded that anti‐estrogenic agents reduced the secretion of cervical mucus. However, in most cases, the excessive E, production due to multiple follicular growth overcomes the anti‐estrogenic effect.
Perineal Rupture Following Vaginal Delivery Long‐term Consequences
Authors: Sørensen Sten Mellerup , Bondesen Helle , Istre Olav , Vilmann Peter
Published: January 2011

Twenty‐five women with complete perineal rupture were compared with a control group of 25 women, with regard to risk factors and possible long‐term sequelae as a consequence of perineal damage. Following an average period of 78 months (52—‐1231, all women received a questionnaire and were invited to a clinical follow‐up, which included perineal inspection and measurement of the anal pressure profile. Vacuum extraction was more frequent in the rupture group than among controls (p < 0.002). Eighty percent of the women in the rupture group were primiparae, compared with an overall rate of 40% (p < 0.02). Forty‐two percent of the women in the rupture group reported anal incontinence, compared with none in the control group (p <0.01). Most of these women reported stress‐provoked incontinence regarding flatus and loose stools. Measurement of the anal pressure profile showed markedly reduced sphincter pressure, with maximum squeeze in the rupture group, but no differences were found regarding maximum anal pressure at rest. Sphincter length was reduced both at rest and with maximal squeeze in the rupture group. It is concluded that complete perineal rupture is a condition with possible long‐term consequences such as reduced sphincter strength and partial anal incontinence.
Contraceptive use in a Sample of Young Danish Females
Authors: Wielandt Hanne , Wermuth Lene , Pedersen Marianne Riber
Published: January 2011

During the period April 1984‐February 1985, 4 test samples of totally 380 young Danish women aged 16–20 years old were invited to interview about contraception and sexual behaviour. The response rate was 75,3%.

There were 208 (74,0%) who had had sexual debut. Median age was estimated to 16.8 years. At first intercourse 168 (80.8%) used contraception, 36.5% used condom and 36.1% oral contraception (OC). Among teenage‐girls with sexual debut before 15 years old 32.5% were unprotected against pregnancy.

At the time of the interview 64.4% did use contraception. The most frequently used contraceptive device was OC (46.6%). Teenage‐girls changed the contraceptive method from condom to OC after sexual debut. A small proportion of sexually active girls (8%) did not use contraception neither at first intercourse nor at the moment.
Intrapartum Management of Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Gestants
Authors: Feldberg Dov , Dicker Dov , Samuel Nurith , Peleg Dan , Karp Moshe , Goldman Jack A.
Published: January 2011

Two groups of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) parturients were managed according to different intrapartum protocols and compared with a control group of normal women in labor. Thirty‐seven patients received conventional intensified insulin therapy during pregnancy and intravenous continuous insulin infusion during labor. Twenty‐eight women were managed by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump (CSIIP) throughout gestation and this therapeutic approach was continued during labor. When the two glucose control techniques were compared, CSIIP was superior to achieving and maintaining intrapartum optimal metabolic control, reducing significantly the incidence of acute fetal distress, thus lowering the cesarean section rate and neonatal hypoglycemia. Consequently we concur with the recommendation that firm prepartum as well as intrapartum diabetic control is mandatory for successful management of labor in IDDM patients.
Benefits of Continuous Infusion Epidural Analgesia Throughout Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Johnsrud Marja‐Liisa , Dale Per Olav , Løvland Bjørn
Published: January 2011

Two groups of nulliparous women with fetuses in singleton vertex presentation received continuous infusion epidural analgesia (EDA) with bupivacaine: group A (90 parturients) without infusion analgesia in the second stage of labor and group B (90 parturients) with infusion analgesia throughout delivery. The groups were compared regarding pain relief, duration of the second stage, persistent malrotation of the fetal head, and rate of instrumental vaginal delivery. The continuous infusion EDA gave satisfactory pain relief in 93.3% of the parturients in group A and 97.8% in group B. The duration of second stage was the same in both groups. There were more persistent mal‐rotations of the fetal head in group A, but the malrotation did not affect the mode of deli: very. The rate of instrumental vaginal delivery was 25.5% in both groups. The main cause of operative intervention was delay in the second stage. When the continuous infusion technique is used, it seems unreasonable to discontinue the EDA and thereby deprive the parturient of analgesia during the second stage.
Congenital Absence of Vagina and Uterus
Authors: Kvint Sonja , Wilhelmsson Lennart
Published: January 2011

Agenesia of the Mullerian system is a congenital syndrome seldom seen in siblings. This report concerns two sisters with the syndrome. In one of them, the vagina was successfully reconstructed, and the other is awaiting the same operation.
Is Cesarean Section Justified for Delivery of the Second Twin?
Authors: Pschera Helmut , Jonasson Aino
Published: January 2011

During the last 7‐year period, the second twin was delivered by cesarean section in three of 161 twin pregnancies in our Department. The main reasons for this procedure were fetal distress caused by malpresentation or cord prolapse in 2 cases and in the third case placental separation. Cesarean section for delivery of the second twin is justified only in selected cases.
Studies On Blood Viscosity During The Menstrual Cycle And In The Postmenopausal Period In Healthy Women
Authors: Larsson Hans , Persson Sylvi , Hedner Pavo , Odeberg Håkan , Gustafson Anders
Published: January 2011

Blood viscosity was measured in 14 healthy, menstruating women, aged 17‐51 years and in 10 healthy, postmenopausal women, aged 55‐64 years. The fertile women were studied once a week during a normal menstrual cycle and the postmenopausal women twice with an interval of 2 weeks. Blood viscosity was measured at natural hematocrit as well as at hematocrit 45%. In the postmenopausal women no changes in blood viscosity were found. In the fertile women, blood viscosity at hematocrit 45% was lowest at the start of the menstrual bleeding and increased to a peak at day 7 (p<0.01), with a similar pattern when measured at natural hematocrit. Plasma viscosity also had its lowest value at the onset of menstrual bleeding, increasing to a maximum at day 21. Changes in plasma triglycerides, but not in fibrinogen or cholesterol, seemed to contribute to this increase. Plasma factors only partly explained the variations in blood viscosity, and changes in red cell properties were also found to be of importance. The clinical significance of these rheological changes remains to be established, but at least theoretically there may be an increased risk for thromboembolism, e.g. at surgery, during days 5‐15 of the cycle. In studies on blood flow and rheological conditions in fertile women, it seems advisable to standardize for time in the menstrual cycle.
Sex Ratio And Placenta Praevia
Authors: Jakobovits Ákos A. , Zubek László
Published: January 2011

In the authors' Department, 144 cases of placenta praevia were treated in the course of 15 years. This number amounted to 0.54% of all births. The sex ratio of fetuses inassociated with this complication was 166.6, which exceeds that of all neonates during the same period of time. A preponderance of male babies was noted when the material was further analysed according to maternal age, parity and neonatal birth weight.
Somatic Complications And Contraceptive Techniques Following Legal Abortion
Authors: Fried Gabriel , Östlund Eva , Ullberg Charlotte , Bygdeman Marc
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this study was to establish the frequency of complications following legal abortion at our hospital, and also to examine the use of contraceptives among these patients. All women who requested abortion in the first or second trimester up to week 15 during an 8‐month period (n =1000) were included in the study. The patients were characterized with regard to age, parity, previous abortion, contraceptive technique before and after the abortion, presence of endocervical/urethral Chlamydia trachomatis and frequency and type of somatic complications following the abortion. The overall frequency of complications (infection, bleeding, recurettage) was 5.4%, and 2.7% were readmitted to the hospital. No certain relation between complication rate and gestational length, age or parity was seen, possibly related to selective prostaglandin pretreatment of the cervix and doxycycline treatment of patients with positive cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis. In contrast to previous Scandinavian studies, we found a smaller proportion of young patients, a low percentage of Chlamydial infections, and an unchanged high rate of failure to use contraceptives.
Autoimmune Antibodies And Pregnancy Outcome In Women With False‐Positive Syphilis Test Results
Authors: Henriksen Rudi , Sögaard Poul E. , Grennert Lars , Hansen Bjarne U. , Manthorpe Rolf , Nilsson Inga Marie
Published: January 2011

Nine pregnant women with false‐positive syphilis test results, and 13 matched controls, were screened for autoimmune antibodies to ascertain whether any relationship might exist between their presence and the occurrence of obstetric problems. Investigations included assays for anti‐cardiolipin antibodies (ACA), lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anti‐nuclear antibodies (ANA) (including antibodies against extrac‐table nuclear antigen), anti‐smooth muscle antibodies, anti‐mitochondial antibodies, anti‐DNA antibodies, IgM‐RF and complement factors. We found no significant difference in the incidence of obstetric problems between the two groups. Exept that significantly more women were positive for ACA in the group with false‐positive syphilis tests than in the control group, there were no differences between the groups with regard to the antibodies tested for. There was only one case of SLE, a patient positive for LAC, and who had had several miscarriages and no pregnancy resulting in a live birth. Our findings suggest that it would be unwarranted to devote resources to routine screening for these antibodies in healthy women with a false‐positive syphilis test result, though the presence of LAC could possibly be used as an indicator of the risk of spontaneous abortion due to SLE.
Changes In Renal Volume During Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Christensen Thorkil , Klebe Joachim G. , Bertelsen Vivian , Hansen Hans E.
Published: January 2011

Twenty‐four healthy pregnant women with a normal pregnancy demonstrated a significant uniform enlargement of both kidneys. The renal volumes increased by a maximum of 30% during pregnancy. However, this could not be attributed to hydronephrosis, as the patients were selected in such a way that none with pelvectasia participated in the study. All regained normal renal volume within the first week after delivery. It is well known that a glomerular hyperfiltration takes place during normal pregnancy. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
The Risk Of Developing Urinary Stress‐Incontinence After Vaginal Repair In Continent Women
Authors: Borstad Ellen , Rud Torkel
Published: January 2011

A study was performed to find out how often continent women develop urinary stress‐incontinence after a Manchester operation for genito‐urinary prolapse, and to ascertain whether factors in the selection of patients, or steps in the surgical procedure are responsible for producing stress‐incontinence postoperatively. Seventy‐three of 102 consecutive patients were continent before operation. Sixteen of the 73 women (22%) became stress incontinent. Advanced age increased the risk of developing urinary stress‐incontinence. Twenty‐five per cent of the women more than 60 years old developed stress‐incontinence, but only 1 of 13 below the age of 60. Preoperative urethral closure pressure was significantly lower in those developing urinary stress‐incontinence, and closure pressure was further reduced by surgery in this group, significantly more than in the women remaining continent. Surgery significantly reduced the pressure transmission ratio in the patients who developed urinary stress‐incontinence, and less in the continent ones. The preoperative pressure transmission ratio, however, was not related to the risk of developing urinary stress‐incontinence after the operation. The urodynamic examinations pre‐ and postoperatively demonstrated important changes in the urodynamic parameters produced by the Manchester procedure, but did not prove useful in determining which patients will develop urinary stress‐incontinence.
Co2 Laser Used For Cancer In Situ/Bowen'S Disease (Vin) And Lichen Sclerosus In The Vulvar Region
Authors: Simonsen Ernst F.
Published: January 2011

The subject of this report is a surgical method, CO2 laser, for the treatment of non‐invasive vulvar diseases. The combination therapy consists of skinning resection of the vulva of the central lesions and skin destruction by laser evaporation of the peripheral lesions.

Over a period of five years 23 patients were treated with skinning laser resection of the vulva. Primary closure of the wound was performed in all cases. In three of the patients‐two with the diagnosis of lichen sclerosus and one with Bowen's disease‐who were first treated with total skinning vulvectomy, the histopathological examination revealed invasive cancer. They were treated again with total radical vulvectomy.

In all cases less than 200 ml blood was lost at the time of surgery. The average duration of the operations was 25 minutes. The central section healed within eight to twelve days. All the patients with VIN were cured after the first radical treatment. The follow‐up time is two to six years.
The loss of sadness: the public’s view
Authors: Holzinger A. , Matschinger H. , Schomerus G. , Carta M. G. , Angermeyer M. C.
Published: January 2011

Holzinger A, Matschinger H, Schomerus G, Carta MG, Angermeyer MC. The loss of sadness: the public’s view.

Objective: With the exception of bereavement, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder in the DSM‐IV does not take into account the context in which the symptoms occur. Recent criticism has maintained that common sense suggests making a distinction between depression as mental disorder and sorrow as ‘normal’ reaction to social stress. This study sets out to investigate whether the public does in fact make this distinction.

Method: In spring 2009, a population‐based survey was conducted by phone in the city of Vienna (n = 1205). A fully structured interview was carried out which began with the presentation of a vignette describing a diagnostically unlabeled case of depression, with or without provision of information about preceding stressful life events.

Results: Respondents presented with vignettes containing information on loss events were less likely to define depressive symptoms as indication of mental illness. They were also not as willing to recommend professional help. And if they were, they tended to less frequently recommend seeking help from someone with a medical background.

Conclusion: In contrast to the conceptualization in the DSM‐IV, the public tends to perceive depressive symptoms differently depending on the context in which they occur.
Spawning salmon increase brook trout movements in a Lake Michigan tributary
Authors: Janetski David J. , Moerke Ashley H. , Chaloner Dominic T. , Lamberti Gary A.
Published: January 2011

Abstract –  Salmon and trout have been introduced to many ecosystems worldwide, yet the ecological impacts of salmonid introductions remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of introduced Pacific salmon on stream‐resident fish in the Great Lakes basin by monitoring the movements of passive integrative transponder (PIT)‐tagged brook trout in a Lake Michigan tributary receiving a salmon spawning run and in a nearby stream not receiving salmon. Coincident with the September arrival of salmon, an estimated 52% of resident brook trout moved >200 m, while no such movements were detected in the nonsalmon stream. After 3–4 days, however, brook trout movement patterns became similar in the two streams, suggesting that salmon effects on brook trout movements were short‐lived. Movements in the salmon stream were predominantly upstream in direction, with 50% of the tagged brook trout travelling from below to above the stationary PIT tag readers during the study. Declining water temperatures with the onset of fall coincided with low levels of brook trout movement at both sites, likely due to relocation for spawning. Increased brook trout movements coincident with the arrival of salmon spawners could be driven by a combination of interference competition and egg consumption. Using a bioenergetics model, we estimated that the energy lost to movement was likely compensated by the energy obtained from consuming salmon eggs. We conclude that salmon spawners can substantially increase brook trout movement, but in our study, these effects were short‐lived and likely negligible from a bioenergetics perspective.
Alarm substances elicit limited population‐level responses in fathead minnow
Authors: Jung Jenifer A. , Tonn Willium M.
Published: January 2011

Abstract –  Alarm substances, chemical cues released by injured prey, are associated with increased predation risk. In the laboratory, fathead minnows limit conspicuous behaviours, such as foraging and nest guarding, when exposed to these cues. Although such responses could lead to reductions in growth and reproduction, with subsequent demographic consequences (e.g., recruitment), effects of alarm substances at the population level are largely unknown. In three field experiments, ponds and cattle troughs stocked with fathead minnow populations were treated with alarm substances or a water control over the summer breeding and growing season. Alarm substances had no effect on male parental behaviour. In one experiment, spawning occurred earlier with exposure to alarm substances; however, there was no subsequent effect on recruitment of young in this or in the other two experiments. Despite individual‐level effects in short‐term experiments, repeated exposure to alarm substances over a season had no measureable impact at the population scale.
Prospective Clinical Trial Evaluating a New Implant System for Implant Survival, Implant Stability and Radiographic Bone Changes
Authors: Becker William , Becker Burton E. , Hujoel Philippe , Abu Ras Zakaria , Goldstein Moshe , Smidt Ami
Published: January 2011

Background: There are a few prospective studies reporting on new implant systems. When a new implant is brought to market, prospective trials should be carried out to determine the predictability of that system.

Purpose: This prospective study evaluates implant survival, Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA), and crestal bone level changes for a new implant system (Neoss System, Bimodal surface, Neoss Ltd, Harrogate, UK).

Materials and Methods: Seventy‐six patients, 38 females (age ranging from 23 to 57 years) and 38 males (ranging in age from 17 to 85 years) received 100 Neoss implants. Patients were consecutively enrolled in the study if they were missing one or more teeth in either arch, or a single tooth was scheduled for removal and immediate implant replacement. Evaluated implants were 4, 4.5, or 5 mm wide and were 7, 9, 11, 13, or 15 mm long. A one‐stage approach was followed. At first stage and prior to healing abutment placement RFA measurements were taken. Measurements were retaken at second stage. Fifty‐one implants were placed for restoration of single missing teeth and 49 were for short span implant bridges.

Results: The cumulative survival rate at 1‐ to 2‐year interval was 93%. Average initial RFA measurement for all implants was 72.06, while the average final score was 72.58. These changes were not statistically significant. Changes in RFA scores for maxillary implants were insignificant. Forty‐two paired mandibular RFA measurements were evaluated. Initial and final mean mandibular RAF measurements were 73.65 (SD 9.203) and 77.186 (SD 6.177), respectively. These changes were statistically significant (p = .02). Sixty‐four paired radiographs were available for evaluation. Between examinations, there was an average –0.6 mm of bone loss, which was statistically significant (p = .03). On average, 4.0‐mm‐wide implants lost 0.1 mm of bone when compared with 5‐mm‐wide implants. These differences were insignificant (p = .86). Bone loss was adjusted for implant length, and tooth position and there were small, but clinically insignificant changes. Five‐millimeter‐wide implants lose 0.2 mm more than 4.0‐mm‐wide implants (p = .7). Maxillary incisors lose the least amount of bone 0.152 (p = .33).

Conclusions: The implants tested in this study had initially high RAF readings, indicating good primary stability. RFA readings for implants placed in the mandible improved from baseline and the changes were statistically significant. Marginal bone levels revealed clinically insignificant bone loss from implant installation to second stage. Loss of seven implants with initially high RFA readings is surprising.
The Vice Presidential Home State Advantage Reconsidered: Analyzing the Interactive Effect of Home State Population and Political Experience, 1884‐2008
Authors: DEVINE CHRISTOPHER J. , KOPKO KYLE C.
Published: January 2011

Previous research has found that presidential tickets perform particularly well in a vice presidential candidate's home state when that state is relatively low in population. In this article, we argue that selecting a vice presidential candidate from a small state is not sufficient to produce a large vice presidential home state advantage; rather, state population should matter only insofar as the vice presidential candidate has extensive experience within that state's political system. Analysis of presidential election returns from 1884 through 2008 demonstrates the statistically significant interactive effect of home state population and political experience on the size of the vice presidential home state advantage. The models presented in the article perform much better than models that do not account for this interactive effect.
Situational Gamblers: Prospect Theory and the Commonalities of Presidential Campaign Management
Authors: O'CONNELL DAVID
Published: January 2011

In this article, prospect theory helps shed light on an underdeveloped topic in political science: the management strategies of presidential campaigns. In particular, prospect theory is used to understand critical decisions made by the campaigns of Edward Kennedy, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush during three critical junctures of the 1980 presidential primary season. Prospect theory's central finding—that individuals are risk averse when facing gains and risk acceptant when facing losses—provides a systematic and empirically grounded explanation for seemingly puzzling decisions made by each campaign. In a broad sense, this essay begins the process of developing a general perspective on presidential campaign management.
The President's War Agenda: A Rhetorical View
Authors: REX JUSTIN
Published: January 2011

Missing from recent presidential agenda‐setting scholarship is an examination of the president's impact on the agenda for war. To fill this gap, I conduct case studies of William McKinley's and George W. Bush's rhetoric before the Spanish‐American and Iraq wars, respectively. Specifically, these presidents' agendas are examined through the lens of Jeffrey Tulis's rhetorical presidency model. While McKinley struggled against limitations on presidential rhetoric to avert war with Spain, Bush succeeded largely because he was free from such limitations. This study suggests the utility of Tulis's model, particularly his classification system for uses of the bully pulpit and its affect on deliberation, as well as his attention to whether the president should be a central and powerful actor in public deliberation and our constitutional system. The present study yields important conclusions about the strong—and potentially harmful—influence that modern presidents have in setting the agenda for war.
Confirmation of the supergiant fast X-ray transient nature of AX J1841.0-0536 from Swift outburst observations
Authors: Romano P. , Mangano V. , Cusumano G. , Esposito P. , Evans P. A. , Kennea J. A. , Vercellone S. , La Parola V. , Krimm H. A. , Burrows D. N. , Gehrels N.
Published: January 2011

Swift observed an outburst from the supergiant fast X-ray transient (SFXT) AX J1841.0−0536 on 2010 June 5, and followed it with X-ray Telescope (XRT) for 11 d. The X-ray light curve shows an initial flare followed by a decay and subsequent increase, as often seen in other SFXTs, and a dynamical range of ∼1600. Our observations allow us to analyse the simultaneous broad-band (0.3–100 keV) spectrum of this source, for the first time down to 0.3 keV, which can be fitted well with models usually adopted to describe the emission from accreting neutron stars in high-mass X-ray binaries, and is characterized by a high absorption (NH∼ 2 × 1022 cm−2), a flat power law (Γ∼ 0.2) and a high-energy cut-off. All of these properties resemble those of the prototype of the class, IGR J17544−2619, which underwent an outburst on 2010 March 4, whose observations we also discuss. We show how well AX J1841.0−0536 fits in the SFXT class, based on its observed properties during the 2010 outburst, its large dynamical range in X-ray luminosity, the similarity of the light curve (length and shape) to those of the other SFXTs observed by Swift and the X-ray broad-band spectral properties.
The relationship among registered nurses’ weight status, weight loss regimens, and successful or unsuccessful weight loss
Authors: Zitkus Bruce S.
Published: January 2011

Purpose: To investigate relationships between body mass index (BMI), personality type, weight loss regimens, and successful or unsuccessful weight loss.

Data sources: Seven hundred and twenty‐one registered nurses (RNs) were recruited from the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, the membership of a nursing honor society, and RNs at a large state university. Participants completed the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a demographic survey (age, gender, height, weight, ethnicity, education status, disability, shift work hours, and prescription medication use), and questions related to their weight status, weight loss attempts, and motivation.

Conclusions: RNs who had a lower BMI were more successful in losing weight than RNs who had a higher BMI. They were also more successful in their weight loss attempts if they did not use a diet regimen.

Implications for practice: RNs who were successful in losing weight did not use a specified dietary regimen.