bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All at One Point: The Unlikely Connections between Italy’s Emigration, Immigration, and (Post)Colonialism
Authors: Fiore Teresa
Published: January 2018

The introduction opens with a reading of Italo Calvino’s poignant short story “All at One Point.” It relies on statistical data, sociological studies, and historical facts to address the connections between emigration from Italy and immigration to Italy, as well as Italian colonialism in Africa and the Mediterranean, and its postcolonial legacy. This intersection prompts a re-mapping of the Italian nation and poses Italy as a unique laboratory to rethink national belonging at large in our era of massive demographic mobility. The introduction explains the application of theories of space by de Certeau, Lefebvre, and Soja to the trans-national dimension of the Italian nation and highlights the main goals of the book. The introduction offers a fairly comprehensive survey of the fields that the book is in dialogue with by positioning itself vis-à-vis previous publications and also functions as an overview. It highlights the double approach of the book which is, on one hand to focus on texts that address both emigration and immigration or colonialism in conjunction; and, on the other, to connect texts that can be fruitfully read in tandem in order to create historical and cultural reverberations.
Overlapping Mediterranean Routes in Marra’s Sailing Home, Ragusa’s The Skin Between Us, and Tekle’s Libera
Authors: Fiore Teresa
Published: January 2018

In adopting a more overt emigration-immigration parallel, this chapter connects cultural texts focusing on the Mediterranean Sea, and in particular the Channel of Sicily for its bridging and dividing function between the European and the African continents. In the cultural melting pot of the Mediterranean basin, this chapter identifies less a place of fluid encounters and exchanges than one of tensions, struggled-for opportunities, and even mortal dangers. The blurring of emigrant and immigrant desires and failures in Vincenzo Marra’s 2001 film Tornando a casa (Sailing Home), the coexistence of painful legacies of emigration and slavery in Kym Ragusa’s 2006 memoir The Skin Between Us: A Memoir of Race, Beauty and Belonging, and the survival-driven urge to flee Northern Africa for the post-colonial subject in Feven Abreha Tekle’s 2005 as-told-to self-narrative Libera are all staged, either partially or fully, in a Mediterranean that functions as a pre-occupied space. Occupied by previous stories of demographic and cultural movements, this sea now hosts new concerns over economic stability, human rights protection, and racial tolerance, as well as new possibilities. Geographer Edward Soja’s concept of “Thirdspace,” developed off of Henri Lefebvre’s space trialectics, is adopted to recognize the transformative power of international waters over national identities.
Writing the Pasta Factory and the Boardinghouse as Transnational Homes: Public and Private Acts in Melliti’s Pantanella and Mazzucco’s Vita
Authors: Fiore Teresa
Published: January 2018

Chapter 4 offers a joint reading of Mohsen Melliti’s 1992 novel Pantanella: Canto lungo la strada and Melania Mazzucco’s 2003 novel Vita. It examines two immigrant spaces related to actual historical events: an abandoned pasta factory occupied by immigrants in Rome and a tenement building located in New York’s Little Italy. The chapter switches from the 1990s to the early 1900s, yet stays focused on the dynamics of tension and cooperation among immigrants living in desperate conditions. The use of Henri Lefebvre’s theory of space on “habiting and use” highlights the unique combination of domestic and economic activities taking place in a residential space inhabited by immigrants (sleeping, eating, selling, exchanging, producing). In intertwining echoes of the three experiences of emigration, immigration, and colonialism, these texts show how the intimate and yet transnational space of immigrant living places preoccupies the local governments for safety and health reasons. Yet, at the same time, these spaces create unique occasions for invention out of the need for immigrants to remember and survive in a new environment.
Edification between Nation and Migration in Cavanna’s Les Ritals and Adascalitei’s “Il giorno di San Nicola”
Authors: Fiore Teresa
Published: January 2018

This chapter shows how the current exploitation of foreign immigrant workers in the construction sector in Italy today is not dissimilar from the experiences that Italian emigrants encountered some years ago: Mariana Adascalitei’s Romanian protagonists in her yet unpublished novella “Il giorno di San Nicola” are quite reminiscent of François Cavanna’s Italian bricklayers in France, as recounted in his 1978 novel Les Ritals.The chapter investigates the tension at work between ambitions of personal improvement and the dangers and invisibility intrinsic to construction sites, one of the most common workplaces for Italian male immigrants abroad in the past and for foreign male immigrants in Italy today.
Andalusia as Trauma
Authors: Talbayev Edwige Tamalet
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the multiple and conflicting reappropriations of al-Andalus—as both historical moment and mythopoetic trope of coexistence. Assessing Abdelkébir Khatibi’s hypothesis of an Arab “traumatic chiasmus” that followed the Spanish Reconquista, it argues that this entwined yet symmetrical bond is colored by reflective nostalgia (Boym) for an imagined transnational, transconfessional, and multilingual community. In light of Juan Goytisolo’s “Andalusian legacy,” it examines cultural and literary representations of al-Andalus produced in Spain and the Arab world as a product of historical truncation and traumatic memorialization. Khatibi’s restoration of contemporary Spain to the Arab imaginary appropriates the Andalusian past to rethink Morocco’s claim to historical agency beyond French and Spanish colonialisms. In contrast, Nabile Farès’ dystopian “virtual” Andalusia (Deleuze) gives in to the influence of politically unconvincing nostalgia. The chapter ends by revealing how Jewish-Tunisian writer Colette Fellous appropriates Andalusian convivencia to engage Jewish-Muslim relations in Tunisia and current debates about Mediterranean history. Willfully deserting the political arena, Farès and Fellous embody a fundamental sense of belatedness that casts the Mediterranean as a mythical refuge averse to historical realization. They offer a powerful counterpoint to the kind of allegorization performed by Kateb at the apex of nationalism.
Strait Talk
Authors: Talbayev Edwige Tamalet
Published: January 2018

This chapter addresses literary engagements with hijra (illegal migration from Africa to Europe) produced in Morocco and Gibraltar in French, Spanish, and Arabic. It reads Mediterranean hijra and its concluding shipwreck as the negative mirror image of the illustrious tradition of rihla—the knowledge-seeking journey underpinning the development of Arab modernity. The chapter starts with Tahar Ben Jelloun’s configuration of Tangier as the realm of subversive poetic parole in Harrouda. Following Ben Jelloun’s model, Moroccan Mohamad al-Baqqash’s deconstruction of rihla—a model entangled with Arab nationalism—reframes Mediterranean crossings as an extension of subaltern resistance to the postcolonial watan (the national construct of Arab nationalism). In turn, Gibraltarian Trino Cruz shifts the focus from national space to the deadly maritime plane of the crossings. As the hope for inclusion into alternative networks through emigration to Europe founders, only physical disintegration awaits the migrant. The chapter concludes by showing how this form of mobility delineates a new dystopian Mediterranean. This valence of the sea as a voracious abyss brings to light the epistemic violence intrinsic to the region, complicating readings of the space of the Mediterranean as a site of cultural mediation in a lingering echo of Andalusian convivencia.
Exodus, Interrupted: Lot’s Wife and the Allegorical Interval
Authors: Gallagher Lowell
Published: January 2018

Chapter one uses one of the jewels of late-medieval illuminated art from the studio of Parisian illustrator Maître François – a depiction of the flight from Sodom in a fifteenth-century manuscript of Augustine’s City of God – as the occasion to reflect on the ferment of patristic and medieval practices of allegorical composition and reading. The panorama shows how the allegory’s rich variance promotes established midrashic and exegetical habits of looking at Lot’s wife in Jewish and Christian biblical tradition -- a pictorial digest of condemnatory judgments. At the same time, the miniature’s design shows how allegory’s close affinity with the interruptive energy of figural expression (biblical typology) discloses breaches in the compositional chains connecting text and meaning. In these dead spaces between the visible and the legible, Maître François’ depiction of the abortive flight opens onto a glancing intuition of an ethics of prudential hospitality founded neither in the sovereignty of the law nor the satisfactions of duty.
Remembering Lot’s Wife: The Structure of Testimony in the Painted Life of Mary Ward
Authors: Gallagher Lowell
Published: January 2018

Chapter three identifies the sodomitical subtext informing a hospitality crisis on a different register, one provoked by the controversial pastoral career of Mary Ward (1585-1645), the early modern “Jesuitress” missionary. The ensemble of commemorative paintings chronicling Ward’s career (the so-called Painted
Life) suggestively folds both the scandal and the eschatological resilience of Ward’s public teaching ministry into a forgotten legacy of Lot’s wife. The paintings’ visual testimony achieves this by recapturing second-century church father Irenaeus of Lyons’ intuition of the abandoned woman in Genesis 19 as the spiritually radiant figure of the ecclesial community’s patient dwelling between disaster and redemption. The paintings’ anamorphically transfigured markers of Lot’s wife confirm Erich Auerbach’s cherished hope in the adaptability of figura as a means of maintaining neighborly proximity between past and present in historical realism’s secular grammar. The paintings also anticipate the keen interest that Auerbach’s contemporaries from the progressive ressourcement school of Catholic theology would also develop in deploying figura’s resources as a means of opening up more generous – more hospitable – pathways between Catholicism and modernity.
The Eventality of Trauma
Authors: Yusin Jennifer
Published: January 2018

The relation between chance and necessity in the psychic event introduced in the previous chapter is brought to the fore through a sustained confrontation with the Freudian and Lacanian notions of destruction, challenging the idea of trauma as that which always already happens. The development a new psychoanalytic conception of time in the chapter exposes the vulnerability inherent within the structure of destruction, conceived in both Freud and Lacan as the repetition of a more originary trauma and thus as a fundamental law of psychical life. Concentrating on the status of contingency in the dream and the Lacanian formulation of trauma as a missed encounter, this chapter presents the eventality of trauma as a material reality that reveals transformation as the dynamic movement immanent to the real.
Biblical Criticism and the Phenomenology of Scripture
Authors: Wells Adam Y.
Published: January 2018

This introductory chapter has three aims. First, it summarizes the phenomenological method. Second, it explores the way that various assumptions about the epistemic priority of the natural sciences operate in modern biblical criticism. Third, it summarizes the essays included in the volume.
To Exist without Enemies
Authors: Lacoste Jean-Yves
Published: January 2018

In this chapter, Jean-Yves Lacoste offers a theologically rich reading of the Sermon on the Mount, particularly the antitheses (Matt. 5:38-48), in which Jesus issues a series of seemingly impossible commands culminating in the order to “be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect.” Lacoste argues that the antitheses are speech-acts that exceed the Mosiac law without abrogating it, effectively calling Jesus’ audience to enact (and creating in them the ability to practice) the exact sort of extra-moral perfection that Jesus demands, in the context of both a world (kosmos) where such acts make little sense and a kingdom (Basileia) where they will no longer be necessary.
Love and Law according to Paul and Some Philosophers
Authors: Bloechl Jeffrey
Published: January 2018

In this chapter, Jeffrey Bloechl examines I Corinthians 12 in light of recent works by Giorgio Agamben and Alain Badiou. While Agamben and Badiou see in Paul’s letters a message of liberation from worldly political orders, Bloechl argues that their analyses fail to grasp Paul’s conception of the community of faith. Focusing on Paul’s analogy between the community and the body, Bloechl argues that Paul’s aim is not to negate the world, the flesh, or the Law, but to re-constitute them within the horizon of faith. For Paul, the Law is not a harbinger of political totalism to be overcome through messianic subjectivity (as is the case for Agamben and Badiou); rather, the Law is re-envisioned within the horizon of faith
Verse Origins
Authors: Pourciau Sarah M.
Published: January 2018

Chapter Three treats the 19th century emergence, and polemical Saussurean reinterpretation, of a specifically Germanic poetics of enspirited letters. The ancient compositional technique of alliteration (Stabreim), which gives shape to the oldest-known Germanic poetry, is interpreted by 19th century German language scientists as a powerful tool for explicating the structuring energy of their language. Primal poetry, philologically reconstructed, thus comes to operate as a projection screen for language scientific fantasies about the writing (down) of language spirit. Saussure’s response to this tradition, the chapter argues, takes the form of a battle with the Germans over the origins of both verse and written letters. In the context of his famously enigmatic “anagram studies,” and in line with his language-scientific vision of a fully dis-enspirited linguistic notation, Saussure imagines the roots of Indoeuropean rhythm as a rule-governed, letter-based procedure for emptying poetry—and by extension, language itself—of all spiritual content.
Wagner’s Poetry of the Spheres
Authors: Pourciau Sarah M.
Published: January 2018

Chapter Four moves beyond the boundaries of the comparative linguistic tradition to explore Richard Wagner’s extraordinarily influential, poetico-musical “realization” of the philological fantasy about Germanic verse origins, as described in Chapter Three. This chapter argues that Wagner’s dramatic project in the Ring cycle, which was inspired by his intense engagement with the language theories of Jacob Grimm, must be understood as an attempt to harness the rhythms of ancient alliterative verse to an all-encompassing, neo-Pythagorean model of cosmic-acoustic accord, such that the meter of his own, mid-19th century alliterations—when united with the harmonic modulations of his music—merges with the “meter” of the world spirit progressing through history.
Perception
Authors: Alloa Emmanuel
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the ‘first phase’, placed under the general concern with ‘perception’ as the key to embodied existence. It highlights Merleau-Ponty early engagement with the empirical sciences, psychology and biology, retraces the evolution from The Structure of Behavior to the Phenomenology of Perception and focuses on the discovery that the body is not a thing in the world, but a medium to the world.
Subchapters: (Dis)avowal of Science, Between the Mechanical and Gestalt, Milieu, From the Milieu to the World, The Problem of Transcendence
Language
Authors: Alloa Emmanuel
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the ‘middle phase’, and reconstructs the progressive broadening of Merleau-Ponty’s scope from the situation of the embodied, kinesthetic self to the problem of expression. As it becomes clear, expression cannot be derived from perception, and requires, as a transindividual phenomenon, some kind of ideality. The chapter shows how Merleau-Ponty came to solve the conceptual impasse he was in in 1945, through a confrontation with Saussure and structural linguistics more generally. It is only on this background, and through the discovery of the concept of the ‘diacritical’ that the later ontological turn might be understood.
Subchapters: Expression, The Specter of a Pure Language, The Diacritical, Embodiment and Effacement, From the Literal to the Lateral
The End of Nature
Authors: Bennington Geoffrey
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the frontier from the point of view of nature. Politics emerges from nature (whether naturally or not) by drawing a frontier. Kant talks a good deal about nature and the emergence from a state of nature in his political writings: in this ambiguously following Aristotle. It is argued that “frontier” in all its senses comes to name a residue of nature that always subsists in the becoming-political of the human.
Introduction
Authors: Quan Melissa
Published: January 2018

This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the importance of education for the Society of Jesus. Saint Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Society of Jesus, intended Jesuit education to be free and open to all social classes and saw it as an important contribution to the “common good” of society. Before long, the Jesuits created a worldwide network of colleges and universities anchored in a humanistic education and a common concern for the moral development of students. The chapter then describes the Immigrant Students National Position Paper, a study of the situation of undocumented students at the twenty-eight Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States and the institutional practices that affect those students. This book on undocumented students at Jesuit institutions of higher education in the United States expands upon the work of the Immigration Student National Position Paper.
Returning God: Gift of Feminist Theology
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines how the “returning God” of a half century of feminist theology relates to the return of religion. Feminist theology, where an intensive secularization meets an ancient discourse, may be considered a symptom of the so-called postsecular. The question is whether “God” is returning or getting returned; whether we might now receive the gift of a return, a coming again, or whether we perform the return of the gift to its religious givers; whether our returning God is a blessing and a renewal of the language of God. The chapter asks how the much touted “return of God” is both helped and hindered by the demand for gender and sexual justice. It suggests a theological supplement to the singular event of incarnation—the intercarnation, which might be narrated as the becoming body of God—but only if the God-metaphor does not defeat the multiplicity.
Derridapocalypse
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter considers the “gift” of the messianic coming by focusing on Jacques Derrida's views on apocalypse. Several decades ago, Derrida, in the course of a dual analysis of the Apocalypse and an antiapocalyptic essay by Immanuel Kant, argued that the former reveals “a transcendental condition of all discourse, of all experience even.” However, it seems that Derrida has succeeded in making a better case for that contention in his more recent work on faith. “In testimony, truth is promised beyond all proof,” Derrida contends near the end of his extended meditation on faith and knowledge. And again: “The act of faith demanded in bearing witness exceeds, through its structure, all intuition and all proof.” The chapter examines faith in the Derridean sense in relationship to the secret and suggests that a secret is evoked in the Apocalypse's opening words: “The unsealed secret of Jesus Messiah, God's gift to him.”
The Cosmopolitan Body of Christ. Postcoloniality and Process Cosmology: A View from Bogotá
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter considers the notion of the cosmopolitan and the value of process theology for a Latin American context. Focusing on postcolonial Colombia, it proposes a cosmopolitanism—a “world citizenship”—in the context of an engagement between process theology and liberation theology. In Global Fragments, Eduardo Mendieta outlines a “dialogical cosmopolitanism” by taking into account “the critical and dialogical cosmopolitanism” of Walter Mignolo. The chapter examines how imperial cosmopolitanism colludes with the profound anti-cosmopolitanism of fundamentalism and argues that a rigorously dialogical cosmopolitanism must become ever more attentive to the ecological depredations of economic globalization. It also discusses a decolonial cosmology that will counter the dissociation of the human from its universe at seven points: as globalizing modernity; as ethical disembodiment; as repulsion of indigenous “cosmovision”; as androcentrism; as ecological anthropocide; as the theodicy of a Christian power drive; and as anthropocentric displacement of responsibility, Christologically reinforced.
After/Word Intercarnate
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This book concludes by reflecting on what can come after the incarnate Word. As Word it precedes world. It considers intercarnation, which has a tenuous grip even on the status of “word,” as a word that comes long after the incarnation but works no supersession. Gesturing ontologically, intercarnation may come just as much “before” as any mystery of inception, as any conception of the cosmic Logos, from which it remains indiscernible. Intercarnation voices something else now about the world, something intermittent, pulsating between beginnings: less the eternal principle that starts it all than the simultaneous entanglement of it all in all of the differences that compose it. The flesh of the intercarnation comes after by virtue of coming before; it precedes even as it follows. The book also discusses the concept of time, noting that it will not stay straight or wash out; it vibrates at multiple frequencies.
Videos, Favelas, and Childhood
Authors: da Costa Bezerra Kátia
Published: January 2018

The chapter analyzes three videos: Picolé, pintinho e pipa (2006), Seja bem-vindo a nossa Tavares Bastos (2009), and Tempo de criança (2010). Produced by favela-based residents, these videos relocate childhood into the imaginary of the city in an attempt to challenge hegemonic modes of representing favela children. Constructed as the negative Other, male black favela youngsters are usually portrayed by the official media performing activities associated with begging, windshield washing, consuming and selling drugs, stealing or killing. The criminalization of black male youngsters from favelas has been instrumental in shaping and justifying far-reaching politics of exclusion, diverse forms of inequality. Said videos are thus perceived as acts of seeing that become exploratory strategies intrinsically intertwined with the production of alternative forms of identity and geographical representations. Therefore, this chapter serves as study of some of the strategies employed to propose alternative paradigms of childhood.
Disorder and Discipline
Authors: Keating Ryan W.
Published: January 2018

This chapter supports the broader argument against relying on an ethnic-specific narrative to analyze Irish American service. The politics and discipline within these regiments reflected the realities of the mass organization of men into citizen soldiers. Understanding military justice in Irish regiments shows how these units operated on the day-to-day basis. This focus allows the experiences of these soldiers to be contextualized as part of the broader war effort. Their experiences in maneuvering the systems of rank and military courts transcends ethnicity and yields fascinating insight into how these men behaved under wartime conditions. All three regiments in this study suffered, to some degree, from disorder. But this was typical within the larger context of the military justice, especially where circumstances promoted such behavior. Volunteers often understood their relationships with fellow soldiers personally rather than within the context of the broader social or political issues of the period.
Coming of Age in the Archdiocese of Boston
Authors: Rademacher Nicholas K.
Published: January 2018

Paul Hanly Furfey’s childhood and young adulthood in the Archdiocese of Boston introduced him in direct and indirect ways to broader developments with in the Roman Catholic Church. He attended parochial school, and attended Jesuit run Boston College High School and Boston College. The Jesuits introduced Furfey to Ignatian spirituality, in particular the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius. Fufey’s early years were influenced by broader developments in the church concerning centralization of ecclesiastical operations and a rise in authoritarian governance. Debates surrounding Americanism and Modernism were a factor during this era. As he matured, Furfey wrestled with intellectual and spiritual doubt. He resolved to remain committed to Catholicism. Upon graduation from college, Furfey served as a lay evangelist with the Catholic Truth Guild before departing to Washington, DC to attend graduate school at The Catholic University of America.
Engaging Debates Concerning Public Catholicism
Authors: Rademacher Nicholas K.
Published: January 2018

Paul Hanly Furfey chose to pursue Social Work in his doctoral studies as a way to best witness to the Christian tradition. As a graduate student, Furfey served in a parish near the university and worked for John O’Grady at Catholic Charities. At Catholic Charities, Furfey became involved in a broader debate over the extent to which Catholic youth should mix with Protestant or secular communities for recreation. Furfey disagreed with Boy Scout leaders who urged Catholics to mix indiscriminately with other children at their camps. Furfey agreed that should Catholics attend BSA camps but only under Catholic auspices. Furfey also disagreed with his Catholic counterpart, Kilian Hennrich of the Catholic Boys Brigade. Hennrich insisted that Catholic boy scouts remain completely separate from non-Catholic institutions where the children might be pulled away from the Catholic Church by Protestant proselytizers or secular indifference. Furfey argued that a compromise was possible in maintaining a Catholic ethos among Catholic boys within a broader secular camping experience. Furfey’s dissertation, later published as a book, The Gang Age, engaged the latest research in the burgeoning field of boyology. His work at the parish and Catholic Charities provided him direct contact with the field.
Pursuing Salvation on the Playground
Authors: Rademacher Nicholas K.
Published: January 2018

Paul Hanly Furfey spent his early professional career, from the time of his hire onto the faculty of the sociology department at Catholic University of America to the time just before he took a sabbatical to Germany, emphasizing scientific resources for social reform through childhood development. He promoted the integration of the social sciences and the Christian tradition as a way to effectively socialize children. He believed that the latest psychological and sociological standards provided important insight into child-rearing and that the data provided by these disciplines should be joined to spiritual resources in order to be effective in the more important question of salvation. Children could be raised to honourable adulthood and ultimately merit heaven given a conventional approach to childrearing. He continued his explorations into the place of philosophy and theology in the field of sociology. He challenged a materialist bias in the field while criticizing those who did not pursue their research with adequate rigor.
The Impact of Unsystematic Risk on Stock Returns in an Emerging Capital Markets (ECM’s) Country: An Empirical Study
Authors: Masry Mohamed , Menshawy Heba El
Published: January 2018

In this study, we aim to introduce behavior of unsystemayic risk and its forecasting ability in prediction of future return in Egyptian Stock Exchange (ESE) as an Emerging Capital market (ECM), over the period of 2006 to 2015. We measure equally weighted unsystemayic volatility by following the Campbell’s (2001) Indirect Method, by considering market size and weekly basis. Our results reveal that unsystemayic risk is the biggest component of total volatility and show no trend, although market volatility has a slow decreasing trend in this period. We also find that small size stocks have slightly higher volatility than the big size stocks but both portfolios have similar idiosyncratic risk behavior. Finally, our analyses about the predictive ability of various measures of unsystematic risk provide evidence that unsystematic risk volatility is not a significant predictor for future return in ESE.
Chemotherapy treatment: Colorectal cancer patients’ perception
Authors: Ticona-Benavente Sonia Betzabeth , Siqueira Costa Ana Lucia
Published: January 2018

Background and objective: The chemotherapy cause greater impact in the physical and emotional sphere and in the experience of the symptoms. Thus, knowing the perception of these patients, is necessary to obtain subsidies that may direct the implementation of effective interventions for the management of adverse events and the support offering regarding the experience of the disease and treatment, with better impact on the quality of life. The objective of this study was to explore the perception of colorectal cancer patients regarding the chemotherapy treatment.Methods: It is a qualitative study, with content analysis based in Bardin. The sample was composed by 100 patients under chemotherapy treatment for colorectal cancer, who were enrolled in A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil. The data were collected using an interview about the perception of patients concerning chemotherapy. The interviews were audio recorded. For the analysis, we followed three steps: transcription, codification, and answers categorization.Results: The perceptions of the patients regarding chemotherapy were grouped into four categories: “negative experience”, “necessary for disease control”, “healing treatment” and “positive experience”. The most cited was the negative experience, then, they referred worsening in the emotional level, since they reported sadness, loss of will to perform daily activities, side effects of drugs (hair loss, nausea, diarrhea), and other factors, as well as auxiliary activities necessary to receive treatment.Conclusions: For patients with colorectal cancer, the chemotherapy treatment causes negative experiences that could contribute for abandoning the treatment. However, they refer to be more strengthened and that they have developed the capability of learning through a painful experience as the chemotherapy. Nurses are responsible for valuing the patient's perception in order to make that his/her experience of illness and treatment possible to be reversed in a positive way, so they can have a better quality of life.
Comparative sonographic review of benign and malignant breast masses
Authors: M Afodun A , D Eze E , K Quadri K , O Muhammed A , A Masud M , K Lawal S , O Buhari M , O Ayinde T
Published: January 2018

Complex breast masses may appear as suspicious ultrasound findings that usually warrant biopsy. Ductal cell carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) is a form of breast cancer with a non-uniform appearance and malignant potential. A longitudinal review of mammary gland ultrasound (with high frequency transducer) within a three-year period was conducted. Differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma, lactating adenoma, mastitis, galactocele, breast cancer, abscess and “general” masses greater than 16 mm in diameter was stratified. Based on the breast imaging reporting in data system (BIRADS), lesions were classified as benign or malignant and recommendations of cytology made in cases of observed overlap findings. Image sonomorphologic information on mass-echogenic halo and non-uniform orientation were documented; while malignant factors like scar tissue, focal fibrosis and papillomas may be associated with a false positive (conclusion) result. Doppler studies on further mass evaluation is encouraged.
Asymptotic Analysis of a Deterministic Control System via Euler's Equation Approach
Authors: Salgado Suárez Gladys Denisse , Cruz-Suárez Hugo , Flores José Dionicio Zacar´ias
Published: January 2018

This paper provides necessary conditions in order to guarantee the existence of an unique equilibrium point in a deterministic control system. Furthermore, under additional conditions, it is proved the convergence of the optimal control sequence to this equilibrium point. The methodology to obtain these statements is based on the Euler's equation approach. A consumption-investment problem is presented with the objective to illustrate the results exposed.
Organization Intelligence and Bureaucracy Reform at Public Organization in Indonesia
Authors: . Ismiyarto
Published: January 2018

Organization intelligence and bureaucracy reform are important part of public administration. It is values and credibility agreed (the shared value and beliefs) which is learnt, applied continuity becoming main characteristic as guidance for organization members have behaviors, concurrently increasing its performance. It achieved through bureaucracy reform. In taking an easy way of explaining and more operational bureaucracy reform, thus government proclaims nine programs of acceleration bureaucracy reform. Illustrating paradigm changing, organization structure, management, policy, framework term and human resource intelligence work that are guided to budget conserving, rectifying public service quality, stimulating government performance mechanism efficiently and effectively. Tidying up of organization intelligence by one of its dimension is the difficult act into bureaucracy reform implementation while compared with intelligence process, structure and procedure. This research is done by applying descriptive methods of qualitative analysis include in a case study research. The result shows that one of public organization has implemented integrity values, professional and accountable in an internal area of nine programs on bureaucracy reform acceleration. There are nineteen activities becoming part of following up of these programs that totally reflect on an organization intelligence dimension, the suggestion of this model and able to overcome obstacle factor. In accelerating realize apparatus whose have integrity, professional and accountable need a lot of activities as following up of survey result of nine programs on bureaucracy reform acceleration program both of internal or external areas cooperate with independent institution.
A Structural Decomposition Analysis of Global and NationalEnergy Intensity Trends
Authors: Croner Daniel , Frankovic Ivan
Published: January 2018

This paper analyses recent energy intensity trends for 40 major economies using a structural decomposition analysis. Our focus lies on the question whether improvements in energy intensity were caused by structural change towards a greener economy or by technological improvements. We account for intersectoral trade by using the World Input-Output database and adjust sectoral energy use via the environmentally extended input-output analysis. We find strong differences between consumption and production-based energy consumption across sectors, particularly in the construction and electricity industry. Using the three factor Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method, our decomposition analysis shows that recent energy intensity reductions were mostly driven by technological advances. Structural changes within countries played only a minor role, whereas international trade by itself even increased global energy intensity. Compared to a previous study only using production-based sectoral energy data, we find structural effects on energy intensity reductions to be systematically weaker under consumption-based data.
Dependence Structure between Oil Prices, Exchange Rates, and Interest Rates
Authors: Kim Jong-Min , Jung Hojin
Published: January 2018

This article unveils the dependence structure between crude oil prices, exchange rates, and the United States interest rates. We begin by using asymmetric GARCH models to examine the marginal behavior of the returns, and then various copulas are used to understand extreme market co-movements. We also investigate the causal relationship and the spillover effects by using the Granger causality test and the BEKK representation of a multivariate GARCH process. Over the 1998-2017 period, we find evidence of an inverse relationship between the U.S. interest rates and the crude oil prices. Oil-exchange rate linkages become stronger for most of the oil dependent countries considered in this article in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. There is also asymmetric tail dependence for almost all of the oil-exchange rate pairs. The results of Granger causality tests mainly indicate that crude oil prices Granger cause exchange rates. We also find that there are unidirectional volatility spillovers from WTI to exchange rates for oil exporting countries and to the U.S. interest rates. These findings provide important implications for investors to hedge the possible risk with international portfolio diversification.
Forecasting China’s Carbon Intensity: Is China on Track to Comply with Its Copenhagen Commitment?
Authors: Yang Yuan , Zhang Junjie , Wang Can
Published: January 2018

In the 2009 Copenhagen Accord, China agreed to slash its carbon intensity (carbon dioxide emissions/GDP) by 40% to 45% from the 2005 level by 2020. We assess whether China can achieve the target under the business-as-usual scenario by forecasting its emissions from energy consumption. Our preferred model shows that China’s carbon intensity is projected to decline by only 33%. The results imply that China needs additional mitigation effort to comply with the Copenhagen commitment. The emission growth is more than triple the emission reductions that the European Union and the United States have committed to in the same period.
Living in between: Schooling processes of working-class students in Northern Portugal
Authors: Freires Thiago , Pereira Fátima
Published: January 2018

This article discusses schooling processes among students attending public school in contexts defined as vulnerable. The work also takes into account the implications of a narrative- based method, especially in terms of the relationships that can be built between researcher and research participants. On the understanding that the narrative approach has the potential to consolidate itself as a source of information on a particular social group, secondary school students, we raise a debate about the representations young people make of school. In addition, we analyze future frameworks in light of schooling processes developed in disadvantaged areas. With regard to method, we weave a dialogue on the requirements and ethical implications concerning the relationship between researcher and participants. This text is based on biographical meetings held with two students aged 17, a boy and a girl, enrolled in a Portuguese secondary school. The results show that the students perceive school as a key place for learning, a site where socialization occurs and, especially, a refuge from problems. Despite supporting future projections, however, this same school cannot work as a social equity device.
Modelling of the effects of laser
modification of gas-nitrided layer
Authors: Kulka M. , Panfil D. , Michalski J. , Wach P.
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The effects of laser processing parameters on the dimensions of simple laser
tracks, produced on the previously nitrided layer, were analysed.
Design/methodology/approach: Gas nitriding is one of the most commonly used
thermochemical treatment, resulting in many advantageous properties: high hardness,
enhanced corrosion resistance, improved wear resistance and fatigue strength. However, an
unfavourable increase in the thickness of compound zone (e + g’) close to the surface was
observed after conventional gas nitriding. This was the reason for undesirable embrittlement
and flaking of the layer. Therefore, a controlled gas nitriding was intensively developed,
reducing the percentage of the most brittle e (Fe2-3N) iron nitrides. In this study, the hybrid
surface layer was produced. The controlled gas-nitriding was followed by laser heat
treatment (LHT). Laser modification was carried out using various laser beam powers and
scanning rates. The dimensions of laser tracks (i.e. depths and widths of re-melted zone and
heat-affected zone) were measured. Numerical methods were used in order to formulate a
mathematical model.
Findings: Laser processing parameters (laser beam power and scanning rate) influenced
the microstructure obtained. The microstructure of laser modified nitrided steel with
re-melting consisted of re-melted zone (MZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ), nitrided layer without
visible effects of laser treatment and the substrate. The use of laser beam power of 0.26 kW
resulted in only a partial re-melting of the compound zone. The two characteristic values of
laser beam power were estimated. P0MZ corresponded to the laser beam power at which the
re-melted zone disappeared (i.e. width and depth of MZ were equal to 0). P0HAZ was a value
of laser beam power at which the effects of laser irradiation were invisible in microstructure
(i.e. width and depth of HAZ were equal to 0). The model was proposed in order to predict
the effects of LHT on microstructure.
Research limitations/implications: The presented model was limited to the scanning
rates in the range of 2.24-3.84 m/min. In the future research, this range should be exceeded,
especially, taking into account the lower values of scanning rate.
Practical implications: The presented model could be used in order to control the
microstructure and properties of hybrid surface layers, obtained as a consequence of the
controlled gas-nitriding and LHT.
Originality/value: his work is related to the new conception of laser modification of
nitrided layers. Such a treatment provided the hybrid layers of new advantageous properties.
Hand Therapist Led Follow-up for Paediatric Hand Trauma – a Retrospective Study of 139 Closed Hand Injuries
Authors: Plonczak Agata Marta , McArthur Gordon J. , Goldsmith Nicola , Horwitz Maxim
Published: January 2018

Background. Most hand injuries in children can be managed non-operatively and are associated with excellent outcomes. Whilst the majority of our patients are discharged to the care of hand therapists, there is no literature to support this protocol. Our aim was to ensure this is safe and effective practice.
Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients referred to our paediatric hand trauma clinic for closed injuries over a four month period between December 2014 and March 2015. Data related to demographics, injury pattern and clinical outcomes was recorded and analysed. A telephone interview with
a patient satisfaction questionnaire was attempted with all patients discharged to the care of hand therapists.
Results. 139 patients were seen in the study period, including 90 males and 49 females. Phalangeal fractures (39%), volar plate injuries (19%) and metacarpal fractures (16%) were the commonest causes of hand trauma. The majority of patients (88%) were managed non-operatively. 97 patients were discharged to hand therapy follow-up and we managed to contact 51 patients (53%). Fifty-one patients (100%) completed a patient satisfaction questionnaire. 100% of the parents were happy with the care, 96% were not disappointed they did not see a doctor and 96% denied any complications.
Conclusion. 1. The majority of paediatric hand injuries can be managed non-operatively with excellent outcomes. 2. Hand therapy led follow-up is appropriate for a selected group of paediatric hand injuries. This study pro­ves that it is safe and effective for the majority of closed hand trauma, as illustrated by low complication rates. 3. Hand therapist led follow up for paediatric hand injuries is associated with high patient satisfaction.
“The Heathen Are Demanding the Gospel”
Authors: Wright Ben
Published: January 2018

Wright contends that for many emigrants to Africa, the goal was to convert native Africans to Christianity. The believed that colonization promised salvation for Africa and moral redemption for the United States, and they argued that conversion of Africa would redeem the sins of the slave trade by repaying the wounded continent with the gift of Christianity.
“Teaching Them to Observe All Things”
Authors: Ham Debra Newman
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the role of African American women in the African recolonization movement. Newman-Ham points out that more women than men sought passage to Liberia and that, once they arrived in the colony, they contributed immensely to the growth and development of Liberia, especially in matters of education and religion. She maintains that these women, from divergent cultures and backgrounds, interacted with and supported each other, becoming distinctly Liberian women.
James Monroe and the Practicalities of Emancipation and Colonization
Authors: Preston Daniel
Published: January 2018

Of all of the politicians who supported the American Colonization Society, James Monroe did the most to support the colony financially. Through his efforts, the federal government assisted in the resettlement of African Americans in Liberia. Preston considers Monroe’s motives for supporting the society and explores his ideas about race and slavery in the process.
Social Welfare in the United States, 1945–1960
Authors: Stebenne David
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the differing visions of the American welfare state put forward by moderately liberal Democrats and moderately conservative Republicans from the late 1940s through the end of the 1950s. Truman and Stevenson Democrats looked to northern European models for inspiration in the postwar era, but modified their social democratic character to gain the acceptance of a nation with a political culture of individualism and anti-statism. Eisenhower-era Republicans thought in terms of insuring male “breadwinners” against major losses of income rather than a comprehensive, citizen-based model of social welfare entitlement. Even that more limited approach marked a major break with more strongly conservative visions of social provision via the private sector. This narrowing of differences between moderate liberals and moderate conservatives on social welfare policy sheds light on the extent to which the politics and public policy of this period can fairly be characterized as consensual. In policy terms this was embodied by the major reforms of Social Security undertaken by the Truman and Eisenhower administrations in 1950 and 1954 respectively. Its limitations were conversely reflected in the failure to enact social welfare measures that did not conform to the New Deal tradition, particularly in the field of healthcare.