bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combustion Synthesis of Long Afterglow luminescent Materials Sr2-xCaxMgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+
Authors: Zhou Yong Qiang , Tian Yi Guang , Ying He Shan
Published: July 2011

Long afterglow luminescent materials Sr2-xCaxMgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+ （x=0-1.955）was synthesized by combustion method and characterized by X－ray diffraction,fluorescencespectrum and so on. Its preparing process conditions,the effect of Ca2+ replacing Sr2+ on its Luminescent performance were discussed. The results show it has a single phase and foamy structure,which is easy to be grinded into superfine powders. Its Luminescent property is importantly affected by water dosage(R= nH2O /nTEOS), reducer dosage (H=nreducer /nnitrate), gel grain dosage , gel grain size, arousing-burning temperature and burning time. Its best preparing process conditions are determined. A small quantity of Ca2+ replacing Sr2+ can raise its luminescence performance. Increasing Ca2+ content, its emission peak gradually wave to the long wave traverse, its luminous colors change from blue to yellow. Compared with the sample synthesized by high temperature solid reaction,the emission peaks of the sample synthesized by combustion method distinctly take place red shift.
Growth of ZnS Films and Application in Heterojunction
Authors: Huang Jian , Wang Lin Jun , Tang Ke , Zhang Ji Jun , Shi Wei Min , Xia Yi Ben , Lu Xiong Gang
Published: July 2011

ZnS films were prepared by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method. The effects of substrate temperature and annealing treatment on the properties of ZnS films were studied. The ZnS films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectrophotometer, and electrical measurements. The results showed that the higher substrate temperature and post-deposition annealing treatment was helpful in improving the crystalline quality of the films, and the film had an n-type conductivity. N-type ZnS films were also deposited on p-type single-crystalline silicon (Si) substrates to fabricate ZnS/ Si heterojunction. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of the heterojunction was examined, which showed a rectifying behavior with turn-on voltage of about 2V.
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study on HfO2 Thin Films Deposited at Different RF Powers
Authors: Liu Wen Ting , Liu Zheng Tang
Published: July 2011

HfO2 thin films were prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at different RF powers. The influence of RF power on optical properties of HfO2 thin films were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) toghther with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that there is a SiO2 interface layer between HfO2 thin film and Si substrate. A four layer structured model consisting of SiO2 interfacial layer was used to fit the SE data. With the increasing RF power, the refractive index of the HfO2 thin films increases firstly and then decreases and, the extinction coefficient of the HfO2 thin films increases little.
Fatigue Properties of AF1410 Steel Welded Joint by Electron Beam Welding
Authors: Wu Bing , Mao Zhi Yong , Zhang Jian Xun
Published: July 2011

Fatigue test of AF1410 steel and two thickness of electron beam have been done, and fatigue properties of the base metal and EB-welded joints have been studied. The results showed that fatigue limit of electron beam welded joints was close to that of base metal under this test conditions, and the welded thickness has little effect on S-N curves of electron beam welded samples under this test conditions. From SEM fracture morphology, it can be seen that fracture morphology of the welded samples was not obvious different form base metal. In the instant-off area of electron beam welded sample, there was dimple-like morphology showing good ductility.
Preparation of AlN/Diamond Film Structure for High Frequency SAW Devices
Authors: Liu Jian Min , Wu Han Shui
Published: July 2011

Freestanding diamond film was prepared by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. Inter-Digital Transducer (IDT) was formed on the nucleation side of freestanding diamond film by photolithography technique. Then piezoelectric AlN film was deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering to obtain the AlN/diamond film structure. Surface morphologies of the nucleation side and the IDT were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy. The results indicated that the surface of nucleation side was very smooth and the IDT was of high quality without discontinuity and short circuit phenomenon. Room temperature frequency dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss for freestanding diamond film suggest a good stability of dielectric properties in high frequency region for diamond film. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the structure of AlN /diamond film structure showed a strong diffraction peak of AlN (002), which indicated that as-sputtered AlN film was highly c-axis oriented.
Research on the Characteristics of Si-Based Reflector under the Action of Strong Laser
Authors: Peng Yu Feng , Cui Jin Lan
Published: July 2011

Based on the design principle of high reflective (HR) membrane of multilayer medium. The HR membrane appropriate for the chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) with Si/SiO2 as high low refractive index materials, was designed on the silicon substrate, using TFCale3.4 simulation design software. We get the reflectivity of COIL over 99.999% at the output wavelength of 1315nm, above 99.2% at the harmonic of 632.8 nm in theory. The thermal deformation of Si-based reflector under the irradiation of Gaussian beam are calculated, using heat conduction equations and axial thermal deformation formula.
Mechanical Optimization with Unknown Mathematical Model Based on Improved Adaptive Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Li Zhi Bing , Xiao Shi De
Published: July 2011

Adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is wildly used nowadays for its features such as global searching, fast convergence speed and so on. But it will be difficult to build its fitness function or constraint equation some times. On the contrast, ADAMS is a dynamic analysis software based on the theory Computational Dynamics of Multibody Systems, it is good at physical model analysis. In order to make full use of both advantages, this paper is aim at combination of AGA with ADAMS. What is more, some improved methods are used in AGA. The optimal design of car hood mechanism shows that the use of improved adaptive genetic algorithm (IAGA) based on ADAMS is feasible. Form the result of simulation; it is easy to see that IAGA have better optimal precision and fast convergence speed compared with AGA.
The Crystalline Phases of Mold Fluxes Containing TiO2
Authors: Sun Li Feng , Wang Hong Po , Jiang Mao Fa , Lin Qi Zeng , Liu Chun Lai , Zou Yong
Published: July 2011

Effects of TiO2 on crystalline phase of mold fluxes were studied by the mineral phase microscope and the XRD. The results showed that on the experimental condition, the main crystalline phase of mold fluxes were cuspidine, wollastonite and melilite. When TiO2 added into the mold fluxes, perovskite would be found. TiO2 promoted Perovskite to crystallization and limited Cuspidine to growth. The morphologies and content of wollastonite and melilite were greatly affected by TiO2 adding, especially, as 20% TiO2 added into the mold fluxes.
Simulation of Contact Behavior of the Thin Film of Hard Disk at Head/Disk Interface
Authors: Ao Hong Rui , Pan Deng , Jiang Hong Yuan
Published: July 2011

The contact at head/disk interface in hard disk drives subject to an external shock has been studied using the finite element method. A rigid cylinder moving over a two-layered thin film was implemented to simulate the contact between the recording slider and the disk. The effects of different friction coefficients on the von Mises stress of two-layered thin film were investigated. The relation between pressed depth and width of deformation has been obtained. Results show that the amplitude decreases with increase of friction coefficient while the period of slider motion is diminution. In addition, the stress distribution fits Hertzian contact theory.
Hydrogen Sensing Properties of WO3/Pd Composite Films
Authors: Li Jin Hua , Zhao Meng , Su Jiang Bin , Jiang Mei Ping
Published: July 2011

WO3/Pd layered composite films were prepared by magnetron Sputtering on glass substrate. After deposition, samples were annealed with different condition. The hydrogen sensitive response of the composite film was measured by home-made measurement system. The results indicated that suitable annealing could increase the response sensitivity of the layered composite film to hydrogen detect, Exorbitant annealing temperature will damage Pd layer on the WO3 suface, then decrease the hydrogen detect sinsitivity badly.
Nanocrystallization of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloys Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 by Continuous CO2 Laser Overlapping Irradiation
Authors: Zhang Guo Rui , Bao Yong , Ma Qian Li , Yu Li Meng , Ji Ling Fei , Jiang Yi Jian
Published: July 2011

Continuous CO2 laser irradiation is exploited to realize nanocrystallization of Fe based amorphous alloys Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 by overlapping of the heated areas, and to get homogeneous ultrafine grains of about 10nm with a bcc α-Fe(Si) structure, which is the foundation of the excellent soft magnetic property. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) are used for microstructure analysis and observation, and the results show that irradiation power of 71w~99w gives the heat shock to the transformation from the metastable amorphous state to crystallized state, and proper time of about 20~30 seconds is necessary for optimum microstructure and soft magnetic properties.
The Effect of Negative Substrate Bias on the Strain Prosperities of ZnO Films Deposited by PFCVAD
Authors: Zhao Yong , Hou Shuo , Fang Li Guang , Wu Yu Yu , Wang Li , Sheng Guang Hu , Tang Jian Cheng , Liu Ying
Published: July 2011

Keeping deposition temperature and oxygen pressure constant at 300°C and 4.0×10-2Pa, respectively, deposition of ZnO thin films with c-axis oriented (002) hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure was achieved by pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition (PFCVAD) system at various negative substrate bias on Si(100). The surface morphology was characterized using AFM, and crystallographic structure was studied by means of X-ray diffraction. Based on the biaxial strain model, Strain properties of the ZnO films were investigated by calculation from XRD data. The calculated results revealed that the as-deposited ZnO films exhibited only tensile stress and the tensile stress increased with the elevation of the negative substrate bias. Occurrence of the tensile stress is suggested to be the result of relatively high deposition temperature and the improved deposition rate by elevating the negative substrate bias. It provides a potential method to control the intrinsic stress in the ZnO films by modulation of deposition temperature and the negative substrate bias of PFCVAD system.
Ferroelectric, Dielectric and Pyroelectric Properties of Highly C-Axis -Oriented Nanostructured (Pb,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films
Authors: Cheng Tie Dong , Tang Xin Gui , Kuang Shu Juan , Ding Nan , Jiang Yan Ping , Liu Qiu Xiang
Published: July 2011

Lead strontium zirconate titanate (Pb0.92Sr0.08)(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 (PSZT) thin films were grown on Pt (111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates using a simple sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that all the PSZT films undergone various thermal process show highly preferred (001)-orientation. On the surface image of the thin film, many clusters are found, which are composed by grains in size of 0.5-0.8 mm. Between the clusters, the nano-size grain is about 50-80 nm. The root mean square (RMS) roughness of the film surfaces is 5.1 nm. PSZT thin film exhibit excellent ferroelectric behavior, demonstrated by reproducible hystersis loops with high remnant polarization (Pr =49 μC cm-2) and relative low coercive field (Ec=53.5 kV cm-1). The pyroelectric coefficients (p) were measured, at 26 °C, the p=215 mC m-2 K-1 for PSZT films. The dielectric properties as well as phase transition behavior were characterized and a ferroelectric to paraelectric transition were found in the vicinity of 196 °C.
Effect of Hydrogen on Microstructure of TA15 Electron Beam Welded Joint
Authors: Liu Xin , Mao Zhi Yong , Lei Yong Ping
Published: July 2011

Microstructures of electron beam welded joints for TA15 titanium alloy with different hydrogen contents were observed and analyzed by SEM and TEM. And the influence of hydrogen on microstructure of the joints was investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the weld metal is lamellar α+β phase after hydrogen charging. In the range of hydrogen contents discussed in this study (from 0 to 0.101 wt%), With the increase of hydrogen content, there is little change in the appearance of the microstructure of the weld metal. The presence of hydrogen can promote the growth of twins in electron beam welded joints. With the increase of hydrogen content, the number of twins is increased. When hydrogen content reaches to a certainty level, hydrides are found in TA15 electron beam welded joints.
Effect of Defocus Distance on Layer Quality in Insider-Laser Coaxial Powder Feeding Laser Cladding
Authors: Sun Hou Shun , Shi Shi Hong , Fu Ge Yan , Zhang Jia , Wang Chen , Li Hong Yuan
Published: July 2011

Insider-laser coaxial powder feeding laser cladding is one kind of technique, which can be used in metal part directly manufacturing field. Compared with outsider-laser coaxial powder feeding laser cladding techniques, it has significant advantages [1]. In order to research the effect of defocus distance on the layer quality in insider-laser coaxial powder feeding laser cladding, it has taken some expriments in this paper to study the layer quality by constantly changing the defocus distance, with other laser cladding process parameters invariable. In addition, this paper measues, analysis the cladding layer’s width, height, the surface quality (including surface flatness, flat-wide ratio and flat-high ratio [2]), hardness and microstructure, then summarizes the effect of the defocus distance on the layer quality in this paper.
A Stable Thin Film from Soluble Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on ITO
Authors: Wang Su Min , Wang Qi Guan , Li Jian Ping , Moriyama Hiroshi , Chen Wei Xing
Published: July 2011

Thin films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) attached to an ITO surface (SAM–ITO) self-assembled in advance from 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane through amide covalent bonds were prepared. The SWNTs were safely obtained via a two-step process assisted by microwave radiation, which were soluble in aqueous and organic media. However, the CV behavior of SAM–ITO in acidic aqueous systems showed unexpected oxidation signals due to redox reactions involving the defects and sidewalls of soluble functionalized SWNTs. It was found that, after a conductive polymer of polyaniline was chemically incorporated onto the surface of the SWNTs by using electropolymerization method, the CV data showed a single reversible redox couple, which indicated a more stable state.
Auto-Control of Defocus Distance during Filling Laser Welding of Ti-Alloy with Wire
Authors: Chen Xin Song , Yao Wei , Duan Ai Qin
Published: July 2011

The defocus distance is one of the most important factors during filling laser welding with wire. Keeping defocus distances stability is the pre-condition to acquire the stable weld quality. In this paper, a QUANTA laser camera was used to measure the defocus distance, and it is compensated in real time through the numerical control system. The results reveal that the fixed defocus distances can be acquired using this system. And the experiments by using auto-controlling method of the defocus distance show that the stability of welding process can be improved greatly and the good weld quality can be easy to be obtained.
Deposition of PANI/SSA Nano Films by MAPLE Technique and the XPS Research
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Cheng Xiang , Sheng Liu Si , Zhang Guo Bin
Published: July 2011

In this paper，PANI/SSA thin films were deposited by MAPLE technique with different lasers. The structures and composition of films were characterized by XPS. The XPS results showed that because of the protection of matrix, the main structures and composition of films were protected effectively during deposition. While different lasers bring different influence to film structures. To short-wave laser, photochemical effect is obvious, the structures related to doping showed obvious change. To long-wave laser, photochemical effect did not bring obvious change to related structures, the XPS peaks showed no difference to that of PANI/SSA powder.
Simulation on Performance Curves of PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhao Sheng Nan , Sun Hong , Jin Zheng Nan , Wu Yu Hou
Published: July 2011

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a clean electrochemical device with great prospect of application. Performance plays an important role in the application of PEM fuel cell. In this paper, a voltage characteristics model of PEM fuel cell is established, its performance curves is simulated, and the influence of the operating parameters on its performance is analyzed. The results show that the simulated performance curves of PEM fuel cell and its experimental performance curves have a high degree of agreement; when the cell temperature is lower than the gas humidification temperature, the drooping extent in the high current density section of performance curve increases with the increase of the gas humidification temperatures. When the cell temperature is equal to or higher than the gas humidification temperature, the slope of the straight line section of the performance curve decreases with the increase of the gas humidification temperatures. The performance curve of the PEM fuel cell goes up with the increase of reaction gas pressure. The results are very helpful to optimization and application of PEM fuel cell.
New Water-Based Anti-Corrosion Chemical Materials in Engineering Repairing
Authors: Chen Wei , Xiao Chao Jun , Xu Zhi Jian , Jiang Xian Ning , Zhou Kai Fu , Zhu Ai Ping , Li Qi
Published: July 2011

The environmental protection water-based grafted whole propyl epoxy resin latex(AOW-201) as a basic raw material of the interface penetrant, waterproof pressure and anti-cracking putty, and anti-corrosion coatings and water-based with rust anti-corrosion paint,that are used for reinforced concrete members repair works.Therefore,that is a type of reinforced concrete structures worthy of restoration works to promote the application of new anti-corrosion chemical materials.
The Effect of Blending Ratio and Yarn Twist Multiplier on Polysulfone /Meta-Aramid Blended Yarn Properties
Authors: Li Xiang Hong , Yin Jian Hua
Published: July 2011

The effect of blending ratio and yarn twist multiplier on Polysulfone /Meta-aramid blended yarn properties is studied. Two-factor analysis of variance shows that yarn twist multiplier and blending ration have a significant effect on yarn breaking strength while yarn breaking elongation is affected by yarn twist multiplier considerably. Yarn evenness varies with blending ration delicately. Blending ratio and yarn twist multiplier have little effect on yarn hairiness. Yarn evenness nearly has no change with yarn twist multiplier and yarn breaking elongation remains consistent under different blending ratios. Yarn breaking strength gets higher with Meta-aramid content increasing. When the yarn twist multiplier is small, it’s easy to increase yarn strength by blending high-strength fibers. Yarn breaking elongation gets higher when yarn twist multiplier is larger. Blended yarn evenness gets better with finer Meta-aramid content increasing.
Boride Coatings Structure and Properties, Produced by Atmospheric Electron-Beam Cladding
Authors: Teplykh Alexandr , Golkovskiy Mikhail , Bataev Anatoly , Drobyaz Ekaterina , Veselov Sergey V. , Golovin Evgeniy , Bataev Ivan A. , Nikulina Aelita
Published: July 2011

Structure, microhardness and fracture features of coatings produced by atmospheric electron-beam cladding of amorphous boron were investigated. The coatings were produced by cladding of one, two and three layers of powder. Produced coatings thickness is 550, 750 and 900 μm respectively. The peak level of microhardness is 14000…16000 MPa. By the means of XRD analysis it is stated that the main phases of strengthened layers are FeB and Fe2B borides and eutectic (α-Fe + Fe2B). The coatings after one layer cladding have non-uniform structure with microvolumes having lack of borides. Three-layered coatings are noted for their high brittleness. The best properties are presented by two-layer coatings.
The Principle of the New Fiber-Delivering Device for Friction Spinning
Authors: Wang Jin Quan , Qu Li Jun , Chen Guo Hua
Published: July 2011

A new flats-delivering device has been invented to improve the straight and parallel alevel of fibers in a friction spinning fram. The principle of the friction spinning based on the flats-delivering device called tapered pipe and open-space flats has been investigated. New concepts of the “curvilinear-transmitting” and the “parallel condensing” have been suggested to explain the theory of the new divice. The transmission experiments of this improved device has also been reported. It was found that this new device could achieve the effect of straighten and paralleled fibers when fibers sucked into the v-zone of the dust drums in a friction spinning fram.
Research on Design Principle and Method of Trademarks with Embossment Effect Realized by Adopting the Method of High Weft Density
Authors: Jin Zi Min , Shen Qiao Hua , Yan Juan
Published: July 2011

This paper proposes applying the method of high weft density to realize the embossment effect of jacquard trademarks. The forming principle of the embossment effect that is realized by using the method of high weft density is elaborated mainly in terms of weave design and weaving technology. The method of high weft density which is different from traditional methods enriches the design means of trademarks which have obvious embossment visual effect.
Multi-Target Gray Situation Decision-Making for Clean Performance of Effective Cleaning Cloth for LCD Display Panel
Authors: Yang Hong Ying , Zhou Jin Li , Zhu Ping Ping , Yuan Hai Bo
Published: July 2011

Multi-target grey situation decision-making can make complex decision problems clear and improve the accuracy of decision. In this paper, it is used to rank the cleaning performance of cleaning cloths for LCD Display Panel. Ten representative cleaning cloths made of Polyester/ Polyamide composite microfiber are chosen. Evaluation indices which affect clean result are extracted and measured. The cleaning effects are then evaluated by both multi-target grey situation decision-making and actual performance appraisal, which show similar results.
Effect of Far-Infrared Pre-Heat Treatment and Adding Methylenediphenylisocyanate(MDI) on Adhesion Bonding between Reinforcement and Rubber of Conveyer Belt
Authors: Hsing Wen Hao , Huang Yuan Jyun , Wang Yi Kui , Lin Ming Zheng
Published: July 2011

This research of the PET/Nylon fabric pre-treatment by far-infrared and adding Methylenediphenylisocyanate(MDI) to 0%、2%、4%、6% and 8%. According to fabric absorption medicament effect and bonding strength content analyzing. Heating 20 seconds, after stop 10 seconds and then heat 20 seconds and add 8% Methylenediphenylisocyanate(MDI) is the beast treatment, fabric-fabric adhesion strength is 16.73 kgf, fabric-rubber adhesion strength is 18.70 kgf, fabric-fabric and fabric-rubber adhesion strength that improve 54.6%-69.6%.
The Application of Shape Memory Polymer Composite in Space Deployable Truss Structure
Authors: Zhou Yi Jun , Guan Fu Ling , Qian Li Feng
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the advantages of smart materials and structures are introduced. Because of the influence of friction, it’s difficult to deploy the large ring truss antenna driving by cable. The SPMC hinge is added in the deployable joint, the deployable antenna is deployed by heating the material to cause recovery strain, which substitutes for the driving by cable. Describe the behavior of SPMC material, and do the simulation, from the analysis results, we can aim that the stress of SPMC satisfies the yielding stress when the node is furled. At the same time, the force to expand the antenna caused by heating SPMC is also obtained. Compared the different size of width, the variation of recovery force can be got.
Preparation of High Purity Low Hydroxyl Synthetic Fused Silica Glass
Authors: Wang Yu Fen , Nie Lan Jian , Xiang Zai Kui , Song Xue Fu
Published: July 2011

High purity low hydroxyl synthetic fused silica glass was prepared by electric melting synthetic crystallized silica powders which were made by the process of hydrolysis, dehydration and calcination of high purity silicon tetrachloride obtained from the by-product of polysilicon production. The structure morphology and hydroxyl content of synthetic silica powders were characterized by XRD and IR, respectively. The experimental results suggest that the silica powders dried at 120°C are amorphous, and the amorphous silica powders are gradually transformed to alpha-cristobalite after sintered in 1250°C, but the crystallization peaks are very strong and sharp until the temperature reaches at 1400°C. The hydroxyl content of silica powders can be effectively reduced by heat-treatment at high temperature.the crystallized silica powders calcined at 1500°C have much lower hydroxyl content than the amorphous silica powders. The hydroxyl group content in the silica glass products melted synthetic pre-crystallized silica powders is 7.3ppm, which meets the requirements for full-spectrum (wavelength from 190nm to 3200nm) transmittance.
Investigation on New Submersed Entry Nozzle in Slab Caster
Authors: Ma Yu , Li Jing She , Lin Xiao Chuan , Sun Li Yuan
Published: July 2011

The fluid flow in the mould of slab continuous caster was investigated by 1:1 ratio water modeling simulation system. The effects of outlet angle of Bilateral and quadripuntal SEN on surface turbulence, penetration depth and surface velocity were discussed and the regularity of the flow field for change of outlet angle in slab continuous casting mould was obtained. The results show that the case C (both α and β are downward angle and α<β) is better than the usual SEN, for this kind of SEN can stabilize surface turbulence and reduce penetration depth and get moderate velocity.
Velocities of Starch Particles in ER Fluids Measured with Laser Speckle
Authors: Fan Ji Jun , Yu Nan Hui
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the principle of measuring infinitesimal displacement by laser speckle is proposed to measure the velocities of particles in ER fluids. It is verified that speckles can be formed by illuminating laser beam on the starch ER fluids. The speckle patterns was recorded with high speed CCD camera, and the speckle patterns sequences with short time intervals was obtained by intercepting laser speckle video. Displacements parallel to the direction of electric field and that perpendicular to the direction of electric field were obtained by processing the two consecutive speckle patterns. The experimental results showed that the velocities of particles decreased oscillatorily with time. There is a critical electric field and a critical sample concentration, when lower than this critical electric field (concentration), the mean particle velocity increased; otherwise, it decreased.
Simulation of Adsorption Equilibrium of Heavy Metal Cations on Soils in Circumneutral Aqueous Solution: Influences of Solution PH and Dissolved Humus Substances
Authors: Liu Yu Yu , Kobayashi Takeshi , Kameya Takashi , Takahashi Yukari , Ohashi Yuko
Published: July 2011

Adsorption isotherms are often required for understanding mobility, fate and bioavailability of contaminants in soils. Those about Pb (II) and Cd (II) on Andosols and Kanto loam were investigated in this work. Results show that adsorption increased with cation equilibrium concentration (10-4 - 1 meq L-1) and solution pH (5 - 7), and also that most adsorption isotherms can be simulated precisely with the ion-exchange-based Urano model. The applicability of model in predicting adsorption equilibriums of cations on soils in circumneutral aqueous solution (pH 5 - 7) were experimentally confirmed. There is an exception as to the Pb (II) adsorption on Andosols with the solid-to-liquid phase ratio higher than 1:100, there adsorption isotherms at pH 5 and pH 7 crossed, and the measurement precision decreased. The Urano model equation becomes inapplicable. Further experiment where humus substances (HS) were added indicated that the abnormal phenomenon can be attributed to dissolved HS and their complexation with Pb (II). The dissolution of HS with solution pH has enhanced Pb (II) concentration in solution but hardly reduced the total amount of adsorption on soil.
Numerical Simulation and Optimization in Solidification of Zinc Alloy
Authors: Zhang Ying , Jia Guo Rui , Xie Xian Jiao , Xie Shui Sheng , He Jin Yu , Li De Fu , Sun Wen Sheng , Geng Mao Peng
Published: July 2011

Numerical method was used to simulate the solidification process of zinc-aluminum alloy Zamak 5, shrinkage porosity of the zinc-aluminum alloy ingot with big diameter (114mm) was simulated using the shrinkage criterion, orthogonal test was designed to analysis the influence of different casting parameters as casting temperature, preheating temperature of the mold and the heat transfer coefficient between the mold and the environment. The result shows that the shrinkage value was minimal when the casting temperature was 480, the preheating temperature was 200 and the heat transfer coefficient was 200.
Study on the Methods Evaluating the Burning Temperature of Gunpowder
Authors: Chang Wen Ping , Du Shi Guo , Lu Gui E , Jiang Jin Yong
Published: July 2011

The burning temperatures of several types of gunpowder were calculated and tested by approximate equation, REAL software and CIT-1MD infrared thermometer. The results show that comparing with approximate equation and CIT-1MD infrared thermometer, the results obtained by REAL software are more accurate.
Recycling and Using of Vibration Energy
Authors: Yang Xiu Li , Zhang Tie Min , Xing Hang , Qi Hai Xia
Published: July 2011

The cymbal piezoelectric energy conversion device is set in the sole in this system. Using positive piezoelectric effect, it can convert vibration energy into electric energy when people walking. It exports AC (Alternating Current) voltage. AC voltage is rectified to DC (Direct Current) voltage and steadied to 4.2. The mobile telephone Li charger is charged by DC voltage. The max charge current is 300, and the min charge current is 100 . A Li battery that is discharged to 3.2 can be charged up to 3.6 through 2 hours when a human whose weight is 60is walking with the speed of 23 steps/sec.
Na2WO4-Mn/mullite Catalysts for Oxidative Coupling of Methane
Authors: Viravathana Pinsuda , Sukwises Narathorn , Boonpa Siriporn , Larpkiattaworn Siriporn
Published: July 2011

The catalysts, 5 wt% Na2WO4 -2 wt% Mn on mullites sintered at 1200°C, 1300°C, 1400°C, and 1500 °C, were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction in a fixed-bed quartz tube reactor. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS and BET method. The XRD pattern of Na2WO4-Mn/mullite indicated that the main crystal phase of metal oxide was MnWO4. From the XPS spectra, the results revealed the information on Na, W and Mn species distributed on the catalyst surface. For catalytic activity testing, Na2WO4-Mn/mullite sintered at 1300 °C showed the highest C2 selectivity of 11.4% and Na2WO4-Mn/mullite sintered at 1400 °C showed the highest CH4 conversion of 56.6%.
Optimal Design on Clearance of Piston Friction Pair for Water Hydraulic Pump
Authors: Huang Guo Qin , Yu Jin , Pu Heng Lin
Published: July 2011

The optimal clearance formula of piston friction pair for water hydraulic pump was established based on thermal balance principle. Simulations and experimental research were carried out on its influence factors, results show that, a minimum thermal clearance exists in each of the piston friction pair and its initial clearance must be greater than this one, otherwise it will happen to death. Some effective measures can take to reduce the minimum thermal balance clearance as follows: decreasing the piston diameter or swash-plate tilt angle, choosing the appropriate couple material, reducing friction coefficient and fully running-in, etc.
The Application of Siemens PLC in Traditional Chinese Medicine Production
Authors: Wang Tie Cheng , Du Zhan Ping , Liu Lei , Bi Hai Xia
Published: July 2011

This article mainly introduces the design thought of Siemens PLC applying for the production of traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, the design and investigation on constant temperature and pressure of a new automatic traditional Chinese medicine dripping machine is introduced in this paper also. The automatic traditional Chinese medicine dripping machine is wholly controlled by the Siemens PLC. Recent application on spots shows: this PLC controlling system works reliably, operates conveniently. 【 Key words 】 traditional Chinese medicine; Siemens PLC; constant pressure; constant temperature
Multi-Dimensional Grey Construction Deformation Prediction Model Research
Authors: Chen Miao Chu , Chen Feng Lei , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2011

Multi-dimensional grey model is effective in building construction poor information system with multiple influence factors. Base on its features, this paper builds multi-dimensional grey deformation prediction model to research on complex non-linear deformation system’s prediction accuracy. This paper uses the deformation data of a certain dam to perform instance demonstration, through comparative analysis, concludes the model’s data requirement, processing pattern and accuracy inspection method. The usage scope of this model is analyzed both theoretically and practically; the result proved that multi-dimensional grey model is an effective deformation prediction model.
Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior and Softening Kinetics in 3Mn-1.5Al TRIP Steels
Authors: Grajcar Adam , Kuziak Roman
Published: July 2011

Two 0.17C-3Mn-1.5Al-0.2Si-0.2Mo steels with and without Nb microaddition were melted in a vacuum induction furnace. The steels are characterized by bainitic-martensitic structures with large fraction of retained austenite. To design a thermomechanical treatment for steels with required multiphase structures a knowledge of their hot deformation resistance and softening kinetics is of primary importance. The paper presents the results of the compression tests carried out at various temperatures and strain rates using the Gleeble simulator. A softening kinetics was determined in a double-hit compression test. It was found that the dynamic recrystallization was a process controlling work hardening of steels except for hot deformation conditions characterized by the highest Zener-Hollomon parameter values. Nb microalloyed steel has higher flow stresses and peak strains than the steel without Nb. A solute drag effect of niobium results also in a slower recrystallization kinetics for the Nb containing steel.
Microstructure and Tensile Properties of a Mg-5Sn-4Al Alloy
Authors: Tang Shou Qiu , Zhou Ji Xue , Yang Yuan Sheng , Tian Chang Wen
Published: July 2011

The microstructure and tensile properties at room temperature of as-cast, solution-treated and aged samples of a Mg-5Sn-4Al (wt%) alloy are investigated. The microstructure of the as-cast sample consists of a-Mg primary, Mg2Sn and Mg17Al12 divorced eutectic, secondary precipitations Mg17Al12 and Mg2Sn. After solution treatment, all the Mg17Al12 particles and the majority of Mg2Sn phases are dissolved into the matrix and the tensile strength and the elongation of the alloy increase obviously. During aging process many fine particles of Mg2Sn precipitate which result in the improvement of the yield strength.
Adsorption of Dye from Aqueous Solution by Zn-Al Calcined Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Zhang Li Fang , Chen Ying Ying
Published: July 2011

The adsorption of C. I. Reactive Red 2 from aqueous solution on Zn-Al calcined layered double hydroxide (CLDH) was investigated. Experiments were carried out as a function of Zn-Al molar ratio, contact time, pH, temperature and initial dye concentration. The results showed that Zn-Al calcined layered double hydroxide had higher capacity of removal of the dye. Zn-Al CLDH with Zn-Al molar ratio of 3 and with pH range of 4.0-8.0 was found to be optimal for dye removal. Adsorption capacity of dye decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing initial dye concentration. It was found that the adsorption equilibrium data followed the Langmuir adsorption model. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir equation at temperature of 30°C was 116.28mg/g (R2=0.9992) for the dye.
Mechanical Behavior of UHPC(Ultra High Performance Concrete) According to Hybrid Use of Steel Fibers
Authors: Ryu Gum Sung , Kang Su Tae , Park Jung Jun , Koh Kyung Taek , Kim Sung Wook
Published: July 2011

This intends to examine the flexural behavioral characteristics of hybrid UHPC using a mix of steel fibers with different lengths. Three types of fibers are adopted with fixed diameter of 0.2 mm and lengths of 13, 16.3 and 19.5 mm (aspect ratio of 65, 82 and 98, respectively). Comparative analysis of the flexural strength, load bearing capacity, deflection and toughness is performed adopting a mix use of these 3 types of steel fibers with ratio of 2% and 1.5%. The results show that the hybrid use of steel fibers improves significantly the flexural strength and flexural toughness compared to the use of a single type of fiber. When steel fibers with lengths of 16.3 mm and 19.5mm are admixed at a rate of 1% each, UHPC develops a flexural strength larger by 27% (maximum 50%) than conventional UHPC admixed with 2% of steel fiber with length of 13 mm. Moreover, flexural strength similar to that of conventional UHPC is secured when steel fibers with lengths of 16.3 mm and 19.5mm are admixed at respective rates of 0.5% and 1% (total rate of 1.5%).
Ethylenediamine-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and Nylon-6 Composites
Authors: Zhou Qiong , Hu Yin Chun , Sun Xiang Nan , Weng Yong Ji
Published: July 2011

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are functionalized with ethylenediamine by chemical cut and grafting process. CNTs/nylon-6 (PA6) composite is prepared by solution-evaporation method. The dispersivity of CNTs and mechanical properties of CNTs/PA6 composites are tested. Reinforced mechanism is also investigated. The results show that the ethylenediamine-functioned CNTs (s-CNTs) are well dispersed in the formic acid and the weight content of grafted ethylenediamine is about 30%. With only 2wt% addition of s-CNTs, the modulus, strength and strain of PA6 are dramatically improved by about 46%, 85%, and 200% respectively. The tensile course of s-CNTs/ PA6 composites shows that the increase of modulus were provided by both the increase of matrix crystallinity induced by s-CNTs and the recruitment of s-CNTs, and the improvements of strength and strain were attributed to the malleable integration between the s-CNTs and matrix, which was formed with s-CNTs, crystal matrix based on the tubes and the partial entanglements of tubes.
Effect of Several Factors on Properties and Synthesis of Superabsorbent
Authors: Ren Hao , Wang Juan
Published: July 2011

A technical condition for the reaction of preparing superabsorbent is investigated. The results indicates that reaction temperature is 30 °C, reaction time is 2 h, the ratio of monomer and starch (RMS) is 5.5, pH of solution is 6.1, the ratio of initiator and starch (RIS) is 0.01 and crosslinker concentration is 0.0013 g. The maximum of distilled water absorbency is 387 times, the maximum of 0.9% saline water absorbency is 45 times. Analysis from FTIR and SEM showed that starch grafting with acrylic acid was success, and a three-dimensional network structure was formed in superabsorbent.
Stabilization Effect of Sodium Phosphate on Hemihydrate Calcium Sulfate Whiskers
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Yu Bin , Yang Liu Shuan , Wang Xiao Fei , Yang Jia Kuan
Published: July 2011

Stabilization effect of sodium phosphate on crystalline phase and crystal shape of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers was investigated. Morphology, thermal stability and phase composition of stabilized hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers were characterized by means of SEM, DSC-TG and XRD respectively. Results indicated that crystalline shape of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers could be invariable in two hours at 100 °C with addition of 0.10 wt % sodium phosphate for 20 min. Meanwhile sodium phosphate had a good effect on whiskers morphology stabilization.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on Reduction of Graphene Oxide with Hydrazine Hydrate
Authors: Ma Wen Shi , Zhou Jun Wen , Lin Xiao Dan
Published: July 2011

Graphene oxide was prepared through Hummers' method，then different reduced graphenes were prepared via reduction of graphene oxide with hydrazine hydrate for 1h、12h and 24h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for the characterization of graphene oxide and the reduced graphenes. The variation of the contents of carbon in carbon and oxygen functional groups and chemical compositions of graphene oxides were investigated through analysis the content of different carbon atoms in different reduced graphenes. The results showed that the reduction reaction was very fast in the first 1 h, the content of total oxygen bonded carbon atoms decreased from 83.6% to 22.1%, and then after the reduction rate became very slow. After 12h, the content of total oxygen bonded carbon atom is 19.56%, only 2.54% lower than that of 1h’s. At the same time, C-N was introduced in the graphene oxides; this increased the stereo-hindrance for hydrazine hydrate attacking the C-Oxygen groups, thus reduced the reduction rate. After reduction for 24h, there still exists 16.4% oxygen bonded carbon atoms and the total conversion ratio of graphene approaches 70%.
A Study on the Physical Properties of AZO Films as Variation of Sputtering Conditions
Authors: Kim Yun Hae , An Seung Jun , Kim Joon Young , Moon Kyung Man , Wang Pang Pang , Zhang Dong Yan , Murakami Ri Ichi
Published: July 2011

TCO (transparent conducting oxide) films are widely used as photoelectric devices in flat panel displays and solar cells. Until now, ITO (indium-tin oxide) films have been used as TCO films. However, with the increase in the cost of ITO films , researchers have been searching for new materials to use as TCO films .Transparent and conductive aluminum-doped zinc oxide films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures. The electric and optical properties of these films were studied by Hall measurement and optical spectroscopy, respectively. All of the films that were deposited at temperatures higher than 200 °C substrate temperature demonstrated over 80% transmittance in the range of the visible spectrum. Since the surface mobility of a particle is limited at a low temperature, the growth rate of AZO thin films would be higher than that at a high temperature. And the films showed minimum resistivity of 6.77 × 10 -3 Ω•cm at substrate temperature of 200 °C.
Experimental Investigation on Durability of A Combined Rotor Bearing Support with Metal Rubber Material under Dynamic Loadings
Authors: Hong Jie , Wang Hong , Ma Yan Hong , Li Yi Feng
Published: July 2011

Durability of a combined rotor bearing support with Metal Rubber(MR) material under dynamic loadings was tested in order to provide the information about life and durability for the application of MR material in engineering. Based on the experiments on the rotordynamic properties of a rotor system with the combined bearing support and quasi-static test on the hysteresis properties of the combined bearing support, it can be concluded that the combined bearing support could provide stable stiffness and damping to the rotor system, with a maximum excitation of 1.17×107 times which could meet the requirements of durability in engineering.
Fe3O4/ Rectorite Composite: Preparation, Characterization and Absorption Properties from Contaminant Contained in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Luo Li Hua , Feng Qi Ming , Wang Wei Qing , Zhang Bo Lian
Published: July 2011

A series of Fe3O4/rectorite composite were prepared with chemical coprecipitation method by adding magnetic Fe3O4 particles into rectorite as different weight ratios. The samples were tested and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively; and the adsorption property of heavy metal ions and organic dye contained in aqueous solution on the samples and magnetic recovery rate of the composite were studied. The results show that the main magnetic phase of Fe3O4 presents spinel structure, the Fe3O4/rectorite composite has well superparamagnetic, magnetism increases with the weight of Fe3O4 particles increasing, the composite has high magnetic recovery rate, and the adsorption isotherms of metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, methyl orange and methylene blue from aqueous solution on the samples indicate the absorption capacity of the Fe3O4/rectorite composite is lower slightly than nature rectorite, but it is still very high.
Study on Erosion-Abrasion Properties of Al-Mn Alloy and its Composite Reinforced with Al2O3 Particulates
Authors: Liu Bing , Li Xin Mei , Sun Yao Ning , Xiang Liu , Wang Chun Yao
Published: July 2011

Effects of different impact angles such as 45°and 90°on the erosion-abrasion properties of Al-Mn alloy and its composites reinforced with Al2O3 particulates were studied by rotating erosion-abrasion test, and the failure mechanism were analyzed. The results show that the as-cast Al-Mn alloy is composed of aluminium-manganese solid solution, MnAl6 and Al11Mn4 phase, while the δ-Al2O3 particles are included in the composites besides the aforementioned microstructures. The cumulative mass loss of the Al-Mn alloy and its composites at 45° are both more than those at 90°, however, the loss of the composites are lower than those of the Al-Mn alloy, suggesting that the former possesses more excellent erosion-abrasion resistance properties.
Study on Mechanism of One-Dimensional Phononic Crystals with Locally Resonant Structures
Authors: Song Zhuo Fei , Wang Qiang Song , Wang Zi Dong
Published: July 2011

Comprehensive study is performed for the one-dimensional phononic crystals with locally resonant structures mechanism and Bragg scattering mechanism. Found locally resonant mechanism is same as Bragg scattering mechanism on one-dimension phononic crystal. The reasons of producing lower frequency band gap are still stiffness decrease and quality increase. So the theory that locally resonant structure is better than Bragg scattering in low frequency vibration reduction is inexact.
Preparation of Energy Storage Ceramsite Manufactured from East Lake Sludge
Authors: Ma Bao Guo , Wang Jun , Wu Yuan Yuan , Yang Wen
Published: July 2011

Phase change material (PCM) can absorb or release a large quantity of latent heat when it changes phase from solid state to liquid state or vice versa, and has very important applications in thermal energy storage systems. One of the combination methods is incorporating PCM in porous building materials, which are suitable matrix materials for PCM. In this paper, two kinds of ceramsite manufactured from East Lake sludge and paraffin were selected to form phase change composites by using the vacuum impregnation method. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis was used to evaluate the phase change behavior. The result showed that the peak temperature (TP) and latent heat of the melting process of the paraffin in ceramsite A and B was a little higher than that of the bulk paraffin.