bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between general anesthesia in early childhood and neurodevelopment up to 4 years of age: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Nagai Takahisa , Yoda Yoshiko , Tokuda Narumi , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Hirose Munetaka , Shima Masayuki ,   Japan Environment, Children’s Study (JECS) Group, Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Sobue Tomotaka , Kageyama Seiji , Suganuma Narufumi , Ohga Shoichi , Katoh. Takahiko
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The effects of general anesthesia on neurodevelopment in children remain controversial. We explored the relationship between general anesthesia and neurodevelopment in children participating in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS).

Methods

This study enrolled children born between 37 and 41 weeks of pregnancy via single-vaginal delivery to pregnant women registered in the JECS between January 2011 and March 2014. Data were collected from mother-completed questionnaires and medical transcripts. Neurodevelopment in five domains was assessed every 6 months between 12 and 48 months of age, using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires. The associations between general anesthesia exposure during early childhood and neurodevelopment in children were evaluated at each time point. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated after covariate adjustment using logistic regression models.

Results

Children who received general anesthesia before age 1 year had higher risks of neurodevelopmental delay in all five domains throughout the observational period. The largest risk was for gross motor delay at 18 months (adjusted odds ratio: 3.51; 95% confidence interval: 2.75–4.49). The effects on the incidence of neurodevelopmental delays after age 3 were not observed except for problem solving at 48 months. The risk of neurodevelopmental delay in children who first received general anesthesia after age 1 was considerably small.

Conclusions

This study suggests that general anesthesia administration before age 1 is associated with neurodevelopmental delay during 1–4 years of age. The risk of general anesthesia after age 1 may be small.
Intracapsular neck of femur fractures secondary to civilian gunshot injuries: an inter- and intra-observer agreement study on classification and treatment using the AO/OTA classification
Authors: Maqungo Sithombo , Nicol Andrew , Laubscher Maritz , Williams Kaylin , Graham Simon , Henry Michelle , Kauta Ntambue , Berry Kirsty
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Numerous classification systems have been developed for neck of femur fractures, but none have been tested for reliability in gunshot injuries. Our primary objective was to assess the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the AO/OTA classification system when applied to intracapsular neck of femur fractures secondary to low-velocity civilian gunshots wounds (GSWs). Our secondary objective was to test the reliability of the AO/OTA classification system in guiding surgeon treatment choices for these fractures.

Patients and methods

Eighteen reviewers (six orthopaedic traumatologists, six general orthopaedic surgeons and six junior orthopaedic fellows) were given a set of 25 plain radiographs and CT scans of femur neck fractures secondary to GSW. For each clinical case, all reviewers selected a classification as well as treatment option from a list of given options. Inter-observer reliability was measured at the initial classification. The exercise was repeated 10–12 weeks later by the same 18 reviewers to test intra-observer reliability.

Results

The Fleiss kappa values indicate only slight agreement amongst raters, across all experience levels, for both injury classification and treatment. Intra-observer agreement was fair across all experience levels for both injury classification and treatment.

Conclusion

The AO/OTA classification showed only slight reliability in classification of gunshot fractures of the femur neck. With only fair reliability, it also failed to guide surgical treatment thus rendering its routine use in daily clinical practice of questionable value.
Durable control of psoriatic arthritis with guselkumab across domains and patient characteristics: post hoc analysis of a phase 3 study
Authors: Ritchlin Christopher T. , Mease Philip J. , Boehncke Wolf-Henning , Tesser John , Chakravarty Soumya D. , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Shawi May , Schiopu Elena , Merola Joseph F. , McInnes Iain B. , Deodhar Atul
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Evaluate patterns of stringent disease control with 2 years of guselkumab across key disease-identified domains and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in subgroups of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) defined by baseline characteristics.

Method

This post hoc analysis of DISCOVER-2 (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03158285) evaluated biologic-naïve PsA patients (≥ 5 swollen/ ≥ 5 tender joints, C-reactive protein [CRP] ≥ 0.6 mg/dL) randomized to guselkumab every 4 weeks (Q4W); guselkumab at Weeks 0 and 4, then Q8W; or placebo with crossover to guselkumab Q4W at Week 24. Achievement of American College of Rheumatology 50/70% improvement (ACR50/70), Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) 0, dactylitis/enthesitis resolution, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue response (≥ 4-point improvement), HAQ-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) response (≥ 0.35-point improvement), PsA Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) low disease activity (LDA), and minimal disease activity (MDA) was assessed at Weeks 24, 52, and 100 in subgroups defined by sex and baseline medication use, body mass index, PsA duration, swollen/tender joints, CRP, and psoriasis severity/extent. Patients with missing categorical response data were considered nonresponders.

Results

442/493 (90%) guselkumab-randomized patients completed treatment through Week 100. Significant multi-domain efficacy of guselkumab versus placebo was shown across adequately sized patient subgroups. A pattern of continuous improvement was observed across key PsA domains and PROs within patient subgroups: 65%–85% of guselkumab-randomized patients had enthesitis/dactylitis resolution, 50%–70% achieved complete skin clearance, 60%–80% reported meaningful improvements in function/fatigue, 40%–65% achieved PASDAS LDA, and 35%–50% achieved MDA at Week 100.

Conclusion

Patients with active PsA receiving guselkumab demonstrated durable achievement of stringent endpoints associated with disease control across key PsA domains and PROs, regardless of baseline characteristics.

Key Points• Among biologic-naïve patients with highly active psoriatic arthritis (PsA), efficacy of guselkumab across stringent disease endpoints and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at Week 24 was consistent regardless of baseline demographics and disease characteristics.• Within guselkumab-randomized PsA patient subgroups, major improvements in joint disease activity, complete skin clearance, dactylitis/enthesitis resolution, clinically meaningful improvements in PROs, and achievement of low overall disease activity were maintained through Week 100.• Durable stringent endpoint achievement indicating disease control was observed with guselkumab, regardless of baseline patient or disease characteristics.

Graphical Abstract
Clinical manifestations and biomarkers to predict mortality risk in adults with invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis infections
Authors: Hanada Shigeo , Wajima Takeaki , Takata Misako , Morozumi Miyuki , Shoji Michi , Iwata Satoshi , Ubukata Kimiko
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The incidence of invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (iSDSE) infections is increasing in developed countries, but studies on the risk factors for death in iSDSE infections are scant. Here, we aimed to clarify risk factors and predictors of mortality in adults with iSDSE infections.

Methods

A multicentre observational study of adults with iSDSE infections was conducted to investigate the effects of host factors, disease severity, biomarkers, and antibiotic regimens, and bacterial factors on 28-day mortality.

Results

The overall mortality rate of 588 patients was 10.4%, with a significant increase in those aged ≥ 60 years. Most of the patients (97.4%) had underlying diseases. The mortality rate (70.4%) of patients with severe disease was significantly higher than that of patients with mild-to-moderate disease (4.3%; p < 0.001). The risk factors for death identified using multivariable analysis were age ≥ 60 years (hazard ratio [HR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–11.3, p = 0.042); severe disease (HR, 15.0; 95% CI 7.7–29.2, p < 0.001); bacteraemia without primary focus (HR, 20.5; 95% CI 2.8–152.3, p = 0.003); serum creatinine ≥ 2.0 mg/dL (HR, 2.2; 95% CI 1.2–4.0, p = 0.010); serum creatine kinase ≥ 300 IU/L (HR, 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–3.8, p = 0.019); and macrolide resistance (HR, 1.8; 95% CI 1.0–3.3, p = 0.048). Treatment regimens and emm types were not associated with poor outcomes.

Conclusion

Evaluation of clinical manifestations and biomarkers on admission is important to predict invasive SDSE infection prognosis.
A robust method to date recessions and compute output gaps: the Portuguese case
Authors: Assunção João B. , Fernandes Pedro Afonso
Published: June 2024

The application of the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) and other linear filters to remove trend and extract business cycles in macroeconomic time series is a common practice despite its limitations, namely, in signaling recessions. Median filters and other nonlinear techniques can perform better by accommodating sharp but fundamental changes in the growth trend and passing only the relevant information to the cycle component, a possible measure of the output gap of an economy. An application to the Portuguese relevant macroeconomic series confirmed the robustness of nonlinear filters in signaling the recessions and recoveries. In particular, the Mosheiov-Raveh (MR) filter estimates piecewise trend growth paths that naturally date the specific periods of the Portuguese economy since 1977.
Modelling the rainfall threshold for shallow landslides considering the landslide predisposing factors in Portugal
Authors: Villaça Caio , Santos Pedro Pinto , Zêzere José Luís
Published: June 2024

Rainfall-triggered landslides pose a significant threat to both infrastructure and human lives, making it crucial to comprehend the factors that contribute to their occurrence. Specifically, understanding the relationship between these factors and the amount of rain that is necessary for triggering such events is essential for effective prediction and mitigation strategies. To address this issue, our study proposes a statistical modelling approach using machine learning, specifically the Random Forest algorithm, to investigate the connection between landslide predisposing factors and the daily rainfall intensity threshold necessary for the initiation of shallow landslides in Portugal. By leveraging a comprehensive dataset comprising historical landslide events, associated critical rainfall, and ten distinct landslide predisposing factors, we developed several models and used cross-validation technique to evaluate their performance. Our findings demonstrate that the Random Forest model effectively captures a relationship among landslide predisposing factors, critical daily rainfall intensity, and landslide occurrences. The models exhibit a satisfactory accuracy in assessing the spatial variation of critical daily rainfall intensity based on the predisposing factors, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of around 17%. Furthermore, the models provide valuable insights into the relative importance of various predisposing factors in landslide triggering, highlighting the significance of each factor. It was found that it takes higher rainfall intensity to trigger shallow landslides in the north region of Portugal when considering critical rainfall events of 3 and 13 days. Slope aspect, slope angle, and clay content in the soil are among the main predisposing factors used for defining the spatial variation of the daily rainfall intensity threshold.
Engineering free-standing electrospun PLLCL fibers on microfluidic platform for cell alignment
Authors: Yildirim-Semerci Özüm , Arslan-Yildiz Ahu
Published: June 2024

Here, a PLLCL-on-chip platform was developed by direct electrospinning of poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLLCL) on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microfluidic chips. Designed microchip provides the electrospinning of free-standing aligned PLLCL fibers which eliminates limitations of conventional electrospinning. Besides, aligned fiber structure favors cell alignment through contactless manipulation. Average fiber diameter, and fiber alignment was evaluated by SEM analyses, then, leakage profile of microchip was investigated. 3D cell culture studies were conducted using HeLa and NIH-3T3 cells, and nearly 85% cell viability was observed in PLLCL-on-chip for 15 days, while cell viability of 2D control started to decrease after 7 days based on Live dead and Alamar Blue analyses. These findings emphasize biocompatibility of PLLCL-on-chip platform for 3D cell culture and its ability to mimic extracellular matrix (ECM). Immunostaining results prove that PLLCL-on-chip platform favors the secretion of ECM proteins compared to control groups, and cytoskeletons of cells were in aligned orientation in PLLCL-on-chip, while they were in random orientation in control groups. Overall, these results demonstrate that the developed platform is suitable for the formation of various 3D cell culture models and a potential candidate for cell alignment studies.

Graphical Abstract
Parametrised Presentability Over Orbital Categories
Authors: Hilman Kaif
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we develop the notion of presentability in the parametrised homotopy theory framework of Barwick et al. (Parametrized higher category theory and higher algebra: a general introduction, 2016) over orbital categories. We formulate and prove a characterisation of parametrised presentable categories in terms of its associated straightening. From this we deduce a parametrised adjoint functor theorem from the unparametrised version, prove various localisation results, and we record the interactions of the notion of presentability here with multiplicative matters. Such a theory is of interest for example in equivariant homotopy theory, and we will apply it in Hilman (Parametrised noncommutative motives and cubical descent in equivariant algebraic K-theory, 2022) to construct the category of parametrised noncommutative motives for equivariant algebraic K-theory.
Graph-Based vs. Error State Kalman Filter-Based Fusion of 5G and Inertial Data for MAV Indoor Pose Estimation
Authors: Kabiri Meisam , Cimarelli Claudio , Bavle Hriday , Sanchez-Lopez Jose Luis , Voos Holger
Published: June 2024

5G New Radio Time of Arrival (ToA) data has the potential to revolutionize indoor localization for micro aerial vehicles (MAVs). However, its performance under varying network setups, especially when combined with IMU data for real-time localization, has not been fully explored so far. In this study, we develop an Error State Kalman Filter (ESKF) and a Pose Graph Optimization (PGO) approach to address this gap. We systematically evaluate the performance of the derived approaches for real-time MAV localization in realistic scenarios with 5G base stations in Line-Of-Sight (LOS), demonstrating the potential of 5G technologies in this domain. In order to experimentally test and compare our localization approaches, we augment the EuRoC MAV benchmark dataset for visual-inertial odometry with simulated yet highly realistic 5G ToA measurements. Our experimental results comprehensively assess the impact of varying network setups, including varying base station numbers and network configurations, on ToA-based MAV localization performance. The findings show promising results for seamless and robust localization using 5G ToA measurements, achieving an accuracy of 15 cm throughout the entire trajectory within a graph-based framework with five 5G base stations, and an accuracy of up to 34 cm in the case of ESKF-based localization. Additionally, we measure the run time of both algorithms and show that they are both fast enough for real-time implementation.
Elements of Return-to-Work Interventions for Workers on Long-Term Sick Leave: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: de Geus Christa J. C. , Huysmans Maaike A. , van Rijssen H. Jolanda , de Maaker-Berkhof Marianne , Schoonmade Linda J. , Anema Johannes R.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The aim of this systematic review is to identify vocational rehabilitation (VR) interventions that are effective to enhance return-to-work (RTW) for people on long-term sick leave (> 90 days) and to identify main elements of these interventions.

Methods

Six electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies published up to February 2022. Each article was screened independently by two different reviewers. Thereafter, one author performed the data-extraction which was checked by another author. The EPHPP quality assessment tool was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies.

Results

11.837 articles were identified. 21 articles were included in the review, which described 25 interventions. Results showed that ten interventions were more effective than usual care on RTW. Two interventions had mixed results. The effective interventions varied widely in content, but were often more extensive than usual care. Common elements of the effective interventions were: coaching, counseling and motivational interviewing, planning return to work, placing the worker in work or teaching practical skills and advising at the workplace. However, these elements were also common in interventions that were not effective on RTW compared to usual care and can therefore not explain why certain interventions are effective and others are not.

Conclusion

The effective interventions included in this study were often quite extensive and aimed at multiple phases of the RTW-process of the worker. In the future, researchers need to describe the population and the content of the investigated interventions more elaborate to be able to better compare VR interventions and determine what elements make interventions effective.
Can Sovereign Green Bonds Accelerate the Transition to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions?
Authors: Chesini Giusy
Published: June 2024

This paper focuses on sovereign green bonds issued in Europe. By issuing green bonds, European governments commit themselves to realizing environmentally friendly projects and encourage other entities, including private-sector ones, to do the same, thus increasing further domestic investments in addressing climate change. However, considering that governments could pursue their sustainable goals by also issuing conventional bonds, this begs the question of why governments should prefer green bonds. A dataset of European sovereign green bonds was retrieved from the Bloomberg Fixed Income database to answer this question. The data cover all European sovereign green bonds issued until the end of 2023. Quantitative analysis confirms the existence of a small green premium for the issuers, representing an incentive to increase the issuances of sovereign green bonds. Furthermore, the government's carbon emissions reduction, the power sector decarbonization, and good climate policies, measured by the Government Climate Risk Score, contribute to further reducing a country's climate risk and consequently the costs of the issuance, thus triggering a virtuous circle which could, in turn, accelerate the transition to net-zero emissions. Despite these benefits, hurdles still exist, and have curbed the development of the market. Examples include divergence between the use of funds raised through green bonds, which should be earmarked exclusively for climate and environmental projects, and the fungibility requirements for proceeds from sovereign debt and fiscal revenues.
Searching for a sustainable solution to increasing chemical pollution
Authors: Rakowska Joanna
Published: June 2024

The growing world population and the development of civilization put pressure on the environment. Irreversible climate changes, biodiversity loss, ocean acidification, land and water degradation, and food scarcity took place. Climate changes affect human health through extreme atmospheric phenomena or indirect effects of ecosystem disruption. The intensification of natural disasters increases the risk of technical failures, and the growing production and release of larger quantities and more new chemical compounds, with different hazard potentials, exceeds the environment’s adaptability and societies’ ability to monitor changes and conduct safety assessments. The article reviews the knowledge and approach to the possibility of reducing the risks and effects of events resulting from chemical pollution. As stated, prevention of further environmental degradation and increased preparedness for natural disasters caused by climate change is critical to public safety and requires contingency plans to continuously adapt to the changing frequency, intensity, and scale of natural disasters.
Urolithin C suppresses colorectal cancer progression via the AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Yang Haochi , Wu Binghuo , yang Qi , Tan Tian , Shang Dan , Chen Jie , Cao Chenhui , Xu Chuan
Published: June 2024

Urolithin families are gut-microbial metabolites of ellagic acid (EA). Although urolithin A (UA) and urolithin B (UB) were reported to have antiproliferative activities in cancer cells, the role and related mechanisms of urolithin C (UC) in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been clarified. In this study, we assess the antitumor activities of UC in vitro and in vivo and further explore the underlying mechanisms in CRC cell lines. We found that UC inhibited the proliferation and migration of CRC cells, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in vitro, and UC inhibited tumor growth in a subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in vivo. Mechanically, UC blocked the activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of Y-box binding protein 1(YBX1). The AKT agonist SC79 could reverse the suppression of cell proliferation in UC-treated CRC cells. In conclusion, our research revealed that UC could prevent the progression of CRC by blocking AKT/mTOR signaling, suggesting that it may have potential therapeutic values.

Graphical Abstract
Physical, colour, and mechanical properties of pearls (citrus caviar) from three finger lime (Citrus australasica) varieties: Implications for economic value, quality grading, and benchmarking
Authors: Nastasi Joseph Robert , Perry Keely Rose , Abbott Joel Andrew , King Jade Mia , Hoffman Eleanor W.
Published: June 2024

Citrus australasica, the Australian finger lime or caviar lime have garnered interest both in culinary and scientific communities. Despite extensive studies on their metabolomic and volatilomic profiles, research on the physical properties of finger lime pearls, especially their diameter, colour, and mechanical properties, remains limited. Understanding these attributes is crucial for quality assessment, consumer preference, and marketability in the food industry. This study aims to investigate the diameter, visual appearance, and mechanical properties of finger lime pearls from three different varieties (‘Champagne Red’, ‘Emerald’, and ‘Chartreuse’), comparing them with similar foods and assessing their implications for culinary use and market value. Colour properties were analysed using the CIELAB system, and mechanical properties were assessed through texture analysis, focusing on bursting strength and strain. Finger lime pearl diameters ranged between 1.62 and 3.60 mm, aligning with sizes of comparative foods. Colour analysis revealed distinct differences among varieties. Mechanical properties, particularly bursting strength, and strain, varied significantly across varieties, with ‘Champagne Red’ and ‘Chartreuse’ showing higher bursting strengths. These properties suggest different culinary applications and potential for a grading system based on sensory experience. The study highlights the importance of physical and mechanical properties in determining the quality and marketability of finger lime pearls. It introduces a novel framework for assessing these attributes, suggesting that finger lime varieties can be differentiated and graded for culinary use based on pearl diameter, colour, and mechanical properties. This research lays the groundwork for future sensory-based studies and the development of quality grading systems for finger limes.
Simulation of thoracic endovascular aortic repair in a perfused patient-specific model of type B aortic dissection
Authors: Mohl Lukas , Karl Roger , Hagedorn Matthias N. , Runz Armin , Skornitzke Stephan , Toelle Malte , Bergt C. Soeren , Hatzl Johannes , Uhl Christian , Böckler Dittmar , Meisenbacher Katrin , Engelhardt Sandy
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Complicated type B Aortic dissection is a severe aortic pathology that requires treatment through thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). During TEVAR a stentgraft is deployed in the aortic lumen in order to restore blood flow. Due to the complicated pathology including an entry, a resulting dissection wall with potentially several re-entries, replicating this structure artificially has proven to be challenging thus far.

Methods

We developed a 3d printed, patient-specific and perfused aortic dissection phantom with a flexible dissection flap and all major branching vessels. The model was segmented from CTA images and fabricated out of a flexible material to mimic aortic wall tissue. It was placed in a pulsatile hemodynamic flow loop. Hemodynamics were investigated through pressure and flow measurements and doppler ultrasound imaging. Surgeons performed a TEVAR intervention including stentgraft deployment under fluoroscopic guidance.

Results

The flexible aortic dissection phantom was successfully incorporated in the hemodynamic flow loop, a systolic pressure of 112 mmHg and physiological flow of 4.05 L per minute was reached. Flow velocities were higher in true lumen with a up to 35.7 cm/s compared to the false lumen with a maximum of 13.3 cm/s, chaotic flow patterns were observed on main entry and reentry sights. A TEVAR procedure was successfully performed under fluoroscopy. The position of the stentgraft was confirmed using CTA imaging.

Conclusions

This perfused in-vitro phantom allows for detailed investigation of the complex inner hemodynamics of aortic dissections on a patient-specific level and enables the simulation of TEVAR procedures in a real endovascular operating environment. Therefore, it could provide a dynamic platform for future surgical training and research.
Der Zusammenhang von Lehrkraftfeedback, sozialer Akzeptanz und der Schüler*innen-Lehrkraft-Beziehung in der Grundschule: Eine Untersuchung sozialer Referenzierungsprozesse auf Dyadenebene
Authors: Nicolay Philipp , Spilles Markus , Hank Corinna , Krull Johanna , Huber Christian
Published: June 2024

Ausgehend von der sozialen Referenzierungstheorie konnten in den letzten Jahren mehrere Studien zeigen, dass die soziale Akzeptanz, die Schüler*innen durch ihre Peers erfahren, durch den Erhalt von positivem Lehrkraftfeedback positiv und durch den Erhalt von negativem Lehrkraftfeedback negativ beeinflusst wird. Methodisch besteht in den meisten bisher vorliegenden Studien das Problem, dass die unterschiedliche Wahrnehmung dieses Feedbacks durch beobachtende Schüler*innen nicht berücksichtigt wird. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurden vor diesem Hintergrund mit Hilfe der Daten einer Querschnittserhebung an N = 806 Grundschüler*innen (MAlter = 9,22) soziale Referenzierungsprozesse mit cross-classified multilevel models auf Ebene von Schüler*innen-Dyaden (N = 15.764) untersucht. Dies ermöglicht es, den Zusammenhang zwischen dem von Schüler*innen wahrgenommenen Lehrkraftfeedback gegenüber Mitschüler*innen und der diesen entgegengebrachten sozialen Akzeptanz auf Individualebene zu untersuchen. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde in den Blick genommen, inwieweit dieser Zusammenhang zwischen wahrgenommenem Feedback und sozialer Akzeptanz durch die Beziehung zur Lehrkraft moderiert wird. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen bisherige Befunde, dass der Erhalt von positivem Lehrkraftfeedback mit einer Erhöhung der sozialen Akzeptanz durch Peers und der Erhalt von negativem Lehrkraftfeedback mit einer Verringerung der sozialen Akzeptanz durch Peers assoziiert ist. Sie zeigen darüber hinaus, dass dieser in Bezug auf negatives Lehrkraftfeedback für Schüler*innen mit einer guten Beziehung zu ihrer Lehrkraft stärker ausgeprägt ist.
Synthesis of Medium Entropy Coatings and Study of the Influence of Bias Voltage and Nitrogen Flow on Their Microstructural and Tribological Properties
Authors: Grisales M. Alejandro , Chimá M. Daniela , Gaitán G. Bejarano
Published: June 2024

TiTaZrNb medium entropy coatings and their nitride forms (TiTaZrNb)Nx were synthesized by direct current magnetron sputtering. The study evaluated the bias voltage affects microstructure, chemical and phase composition of the metallic coatings. Also, the effect of nitrogen flow on the microstructural and tribological properties of the corresponding nitrides was studied. A change in the crystalline structure from BCC for TiTaZrNb coatings to FCC for (TiTaZrNb)Nx was observed. It was associated with the incorporation of nitrogen into the matrix and the consequent formation of a solid solution of (TiTaZrNb)Nx. An increase in the hardness and residual stresses of the metallic coating was observed with increasing bias voltage to − 130 V and of the nitride coating with increasing nitrogen flow to 12 sccm, reaching hardness values of 12.8 GPa and 25 GPa, respectively. A slight reduction in the hardness of the deposited nitride coating was observed at the higher nitrogen flow of 15 sccm, probably due to the formation of the TiN and ZrN phases. The higher hardness and lower wear rate of the (TiTaZrNb)Nx nitride coatings compared to the uncoated M2 steel samples demonstrate the protective effect against wear of these coatings.
Intermittent Fasting Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and Improves Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Diab Rawan , Dimachkie Lina , Zein Omar , Dakroub Ali , Eid Ali H.
Published: June 2024

Obesity is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While the prevalence of obesity has been increasing, the incidence of its related complications including dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has also been rising. Recent research has focused on modalities aimed at reducing obesity. Several modalities have been suggested including behavioral and dietary changes, medications, and bariatric surgery. These modalities differ in their effectiveness and invasiveness, with dietary changes gaining more interest due to their minimal risks compared to other modalities. Specifically, intermittent fasting (IF) has been gaining interest in the past decade. IF is characterized by cycles of alternating fasting and eating windows, with several different forms practiced. IF has been shown to reduce weight and alleviate obesity-related complications. Our review of clinical and experimental studies explores the effects of IF on the lipid profile, white adipose tissue (WAT) dynamics, and the gut microbiome. Notably, IF corrects dyslipidemia, reduces WAT accumulation, and decreases inflammation, which reduces CVD and obesity. This comprehensive analysis details the protective metabolic role of IF, advocating for its integration into public health practices.
Kinderjobs und Chancengerechtigkeit in Deutschland
Authors: Liebel Manfred
Published: June 2024

Nach einer Studie des Instituts der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) vermitteln die von zahlreichen Kindern im schulpflichtigen Alter ausgeübten Jobs wichtige für den Arbeitsmarkt relevante Fähigkeiten wie Zuverlässigkeit und Eigenständigkeit, und es wird eine Reform des Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetzes angemahnt. Der Beitrag setzt sich mit den Ergebnissen und Bewertungen der Studie auseinander und schlägt Alternativen vor.
Mediating role of binding moral foundations between dogmatism, social dominance orientation and perceived threat from Syrian asylum seekers in Turkey
Authors: Bozkuş-Demir Olcay , Akgün Serap
Published: June 2024

Can attitudes toward social groups be considered in the context of morality? To that purpose, two studies assessed whether dogmatism, social dominance orientation, and moral foundations predict perceived threats from Syrian asylum seekers in Turkey. In the first study, Structural Equation Modeling analyses revealed that dogmatism and social dominance orientation predicted the perception of threat via the mediating role of binding moral foundations, whereas individualizing moral foundations did not (N = 235). The second study collected data from a larger sample (N = 438) and used Moral Foundations Scenarios to assess moral concerns, replicating the first study’s findings. Furthermore, it was shown that an alternative model in which individualizing and binding moral foundations predicted threat via dogmatism and SDO mediating did not fit the data. The findings are discussed in light of the possibility that moral judgments are a product of motivated social cognition.
Reel-to-Reel Coating of a Conductive Polymer on Synthetic Textile Yarns in a Semi-closed Batch Oxidative CVD System
Authors: Karaman Mustafa , Cam Serdar Murat , Çelen Onur , Özbakış Miray , Yılmaz Kurtuluş
Published: June 2024

In this manuscript, we demonstrate the ability to use a reel-to-reel processing technology for conductive surface functionalization of textile yarns using oxidative chemical vapor deposition in a continuous manner. We designed and built a vacuum deposition system, which allows the winding of yarns into the oCVD reactor by unreeling from the outside atmosphere, where the yarn is pre-treated with oxidant solution. Iron(III)chloride (FeCl3) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene were used as the oxidant and monomer, respectively, to deposit thin films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films on the synthetic PET yarn surfaces. FTIR and XPS analyses were carried out to verify the chemical structure of as-deposited PEDOT films. Effects of temperature, oxidant concentration, and winding speed on the electrical conductivities of the yarns after oCVD were studied. All yarns exhibited non-zero conductivity values independent of the deposition conditions studied. Very high conductivity uniformities were observed along the longitudinal direction of the yarns even at the highest studied winding speed of 24 cm/min.
Novel Genetic Variants Associated with Primary Myocardial Fibrosis in Sudden Cardiac Death Victims
Authors: Skarp Sini , Doedens Anne , Holmström Lauri , Izzi Valerio , Saarimäki Samu , Sliz Eeva , Kettunen Johannes , Pakanen Lasse , Kerkelä Risto , Pylkäs Katri , Huikuri Heikki V , Myerburg Robert J , Junttila Juhani
Published: June 2024

Myocardial fibrosis is a common finding in victims of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Whole exome sequencing was performed in 127 victims of SCD with primary myocardial fibrosis as the only pathological finding. These cases are derived from the Fingesture study which has collected data from autopsy-verified SCD victims in Northern Finland. A computational approach was used to identify protein interactions in cardiomyocytes. Associations of the identified variants with cardiac disease endpoints were investigated in the Finnish national genetic study (FinnGen) dataset. We identified 21 missense and one nonsense variant. Four variants were estimated to affect protein function, significantly associated with SCD/primary myocardial fibrosis (Fingesture) and associated with cardiac diseases in Finnish population (FinnGen). These variants locate in cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRATC1), calpain 1 (CAPN1), unc-45 myosin chaperone A (UNC45A) and unc-45 myosin chaperone B (UNC45B). The variants identified contribute to function of extracellular matrix and cardiomyocytes.

Graphical Abstract
CFT Connections: State-of-the-art Report and Numerical Validation by 3D FEM
Authors: Wilches Jose , Leon Roberto , Santa Maria Hernán , Graterol Anibal
Published: June 2024

Connections between concrete filled members are common in tall buildings, bridges, and offshore structures because of their robust structural performance. While extensive research has been done on isolated concrete-filled structural members, relatively little research has been conducted on composite connection regions. This article first describes a database on experimental/analytical investigations on concrete-filled connections comprising 135 tests. It then develops a generic numerical model capable of capturing the entire range of behavior of these connections, including local buckling of the steel tubes and friction/contact resistance between steel and concrete. The model was calibrated against a single test and its performance was verified against three other very different tests. The results indicate that the four models can track well the strength and stiffness of the specimens up to ultimate and predict well different failure patterns. Comparisons of the experimental and numerical load-deformation curves show very good agreement in predicting the strength and deformations at which different behaviors arise, and that performance is controlled primarily by both the strength of the concrete and the confinement effect of the steel tube in the connection area.
Indigenous student voice: the astute witnesses of schooling
Authors: Highfield Camilla , Webber Melinda , Woods Rachel
Published: June 2024

This paper reports the views of Indigenous Māori students (aged 5–13 years) regarding the ways they encounter and experience teaching and learning within their schools. The ten schools that participated in the research are situated in a low socio-economic urban area of the North Island of New Zealand. While the research was being conducted, the teachers and leaders employed in the schools were engaged in a professional development program focussed on developing culturally relevant teaching and pedagogical practices to support increased student success and achievement. Māori students described the teaching and learning factors they perceived positively and negatively impacted their success and motivation to achieve. The findings highlighted the inconsistent levels of support felt by Māori students, their self-concept and perceptions of being ‘average’, and the impacts teacher practices can have on their academic self-efficacy.
Assessing Process Control in the Foundry
Authors: Ward Rebecca R. , Monroe Charles
Published: June 2024

Relying on scrap rates alone to assess process control in the foundry can be deceiving. Depending on the inspection method used, it is possible to sort grossly non-conforming parts, while still allowing a wide window of acceptance, masking a process that is out of control. Modern methods of acoustic resonance testing (ART) allow for detailed data logging of both part weight and resonant frequency peak data. Monitoring these two factors at the lot level can give foundry managers insight into how consistent their process is both within a single date code and across multiple date codes. The information collected during quality testing can and should be combined with statistical information gathered at the front of the foundry (design, tooling, molding, inoculation, pouring, cooling, and shakeout) and used to adjust the process to achieve smaller data spreads and more consistent and repeatable process control. Once a process is deemed to be under control, consideration should be given to monitoring the defined specification limits and subsequent control limits using statistical trend analysis as a means for ensuring a process is not approaching a condition in which the opportunity for quality issues can arise.
Are Animals Needed for Food Supply, Efficient Resource Use, and Sustainable Cropping Systems? An Argumentation Analysis Regarding Livestock Farming
Authors: Torpman Olle , Röös Elin
Published: June 2024

It has been argued that livestock farming is necessary to feed a growing population, that it enables efficient use of land and biomass that would otherwise be lost from the food system, that it produces manure that is necessary for crop cultivation, and helps improve the sustainability of cropping systems by inclusion of perennial forage crops in otherwise low-diversity crop rotations. In this paper, we analyze these arguments in favor of livestock farming. Through argumentation analysis based on scientific data, we show that the arguments are either invalid or that their validity is limited to certain circumstances. Without taking into consideration any other potential arguments for livestock farming, or arguments against it, we conclude that the arguments analyzed here cannot in isolation provide justification for more than a small proportion of today’s livestock farming.
A consistently oriented basis for eigenanalysis: improved directional statistics
Authors: Damask Jay
Published: June 2024

The algorithm derived in this article, which builds upon the original paper, takes a holistic view of the handedness of an orthonormal eigenvector matrix so as to transfer what would have been labeled as a reflection in the original algorithm into a rotation through a major arc in the new algorithm. In so doing, the angular wrap-around on the interval $$\pi $$
π
that exists in the original is extended to a $$2\pi $$

2
π

interval for primary rotations, which in turn provides clean directional statistics. The modified algorithm is detailed in this article and an empirical example is shown. The empirical example is analyzed in the context of random matrix theory, after which two methods are discussed to stabilize eigenvector pointing directions as they evolve in time. The Python package and source code, reported in the original paper, has been updated to include the new algorithm and is freely available.
BRIX: an autonomous system for brick wall construction
Authors: Ruttico Pierpaolo , Pacini Matteo , Beltracchi Carlo
Published: June 2024

A major challenge within construction robotics lies in deploying robots for building tasks directly on construction sites. Recent years have seen a surge in innovative solutions, particularly focused on creating mechanical bricklayer to automate wall construction as much as possible. However, most of these solutions involve the use of heavy industrial robots and complex systems that are difficult to calibrate and program. In this paper, the authors introduce a prototype of an automated, lightweight system for brick wall construction that is straightforward to calibrate and program. To validate the proposed approach, a full-scale demonstrator along with its control logic is presented. Experimental results, displayed at a prominent industry expo, demonstrate the viability of the proposed system. Additionally, the system was evaluated using the Construction Automation and Robotics for Sustainability Assessment Method (CARSAM), which provides a structured approach to examine the environmental, social, technological, and economic dimensions of sustainability in the context of advanced construction technologies. By applying this method, stakeholders can better understand the broader implications of integrating such technologies into construction practices, guiding more informed decisions towards sustainable development.
Constructing Religious Martyrdom
Authors: Soboslai John
Published: June 2024

Martyrdom is a phenomenon common to many of the world's religious traditions. But why? In this study, John Soboslai offers insights into the practices of self-sacrifice within specific sociopolitical contexts. Providing a new understanding of martyrdom through the lens of political theology, he analyzes discourses and performances in four religious traditions during social and political crises, beginning with second-century Christianity in Asia Minor, where the term 'martyr' first took its meaning. He also analyzes Shi'a Islam in the 1980s, when 'suicide bombing' first appeared as a strategy in West Asia; global Sikhism during World War I, where martyrs stood for and against the British Raj; and twenty-first-century Tibetan Buddhism, where self-immolators used their bodies in opposition to the programs of the People's Republic of China. Presenting a new theory of martyrdom linked to constructions of sovereign authority, Soboslai reveals common features of self-sacrifice and demonstrates how bodily performances buttress conceptions of authority.
The Largest Suslin Axiom
Authors: Sargsyan Grigor , Trang Nam
Published: June 2024

Developing the theory up to the current state-of-the art, this book studies the minimal model of the Largest Suslin Axiom (LSA), which is one of the most important determinacy axioms and features prominently in Hugh Woodin's foundational framework known as the Ultimate L. The authors establish the consistency of LSA relative to large cardinals and develop methods for building models of LSA from other foundational frameworks such as Forcing Axioms. The book significantly advances the Core Model Induction method, which is the most successful method for building canonical inner models from various hypotheses. Also featured is a proof of the Mouse Set Conjecture in the minimal model of the LSA. It will be indispensable for graduate students as well as researchers in mathematics and philosophy of mathematics who are interested in set theory and in particular, in descriptive inner model theory.
Perceptions of State
Authors: Moremen Philip
Published: June 2024

Why, and to what extent, are states more or less likely to comply with international law? No overarching state compels compliance, and the international institutional context is thin, yet states seem largely to comply. How do we explain this behaviour? Developed through interviews with eighty State Department senior officials from across five recent administrations, Philip Moremen provides a qualitatively and quantitatively rich study of the extent to which and under what conditions the United States and other countries comply with international law. US policymakers consider legal issues, national interest, and other factors together when making decisions-law is not always dispositive. Nevertheless, international law constrains states. In State Department policymaking there is a strong culture of respect for international law, and lawyers play a highly influential role. In this context, the book concludes by investigating the effect of the Trump Administration on the culture and processes of the State Department.