bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic and meta-based evaluation of the relationship between the built environment and physical activity behaviors among older adults
Authors: You Yanwei , Chen Yuquan , Zhang Qi , Hu Xiaojie , Li Xingzhong , Yang Ping , Zuo Qun , Cao Qiang
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Existing assertions about the relationship between various factors of the built environment and physical activity behaviors are inconsistent and warrant further exploration and analysis.

Methods

This study systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar for the effect of the built environment on the physical activity behaviors of older adults. R software was used to calculate the meta-estimated odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Simultaneously, the quality of included studies was evaluated using an observational study quality evaluation standard recommended by American health care quality and research institutions.

Results

A total of 16 original researches were included in this meta-analysis and eight factors of the built environment were evaluated. These factors which ranked from high to low according to their impact were traffic safety (OR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.14–2.20]), destination accessibility (OR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.06–1.44]), aesthetics of sports venues (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07–1.37]), virescence of sports venues (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.06–1.23]), building density (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.02–1.13]). Additionally, it seemed that there was no potential association between mixed land use (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [0.92–1.10]), the quality of pedestrian facilities (OR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.92–1.08]) or commercial facilities (OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.88–1.00]) and physical activity behaviors of older adults.

Conclusions

The built environment has been found to exhibit a significant relationship with the physical activity behaviors of older adults. It is proposed that factors such as traffic safety, destination accessibility, aesthetics of sports venues, virescence of sports venues, and building density be given more consideration when aiming to promote physical activity levels among older adults.
Acompañando a los docentes: Evaluando un ciclo efectivo de observación de aula y retroalimentación docente en una comunidad educativa
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Suárez García Jair Amador
Published: September 2023

El presente proyecto se construyó en el marco del Trabajo Final de Egreso para optar al Grado de magíster en Educación mención Dirección y Liderazgo Educacional, durante la trayectoria del programa tuvimos la oportunidad de poder detectar e identificar algunas necesidades y espacios de mejora en el colegio San Viator de Ovalle, este colegio con 60 años de trayectoria con un foco académico y reconocido por su comunidad abrió sus espacios para el desarrollo de nuestro trabajo. El proyecto diseñó, implementó y evaluó procesos de observación de aula y retroalimentación docente desde un foco en el triángulo instruccional basados en los aportes de Müller, Volante, Grau, y Preiss (2014), con conjunto con las orientaciones dadas por Bambrick-Santoyo (2019) del cambio de paradigma desde la observación y supervisión como parte del control de gestión hacia una concepción como acompañamiento docente, la propuesta y su implementación se propuso generar espacios de reflexión docente entregando orientaciones a al equipo de coordinación que les permitan entregar una retroalimentación efectiva que aporte al desarrollo profesional de la comunidad, al cambio en la percepción sobre los procesos de observación y retroalimentación y el cambio en las prácticas docentes al interior del aula.
Mental Health Complexity Among Children and Youth: Current Conceptualizations and Future Directions
Authors: Gallant Caitlyn , Good Dawn
Published: September 2023

There is growing evidence that a number of children and youth experience persistent mental health symptoms and repeated service use over time. Collectively, these children and youth are deemed to have “complex mental health needs” and they are the most difficult cases encountered by providers. However, there has been significant confusion surrounding the terminology used to refer to this group and these cases are often defined by their outcomes, impeding identification efforts. This article provides a commentary on current conceptualizations and discusses ways to advance our conceptual understanding of complexity to improve outcomes.
Exploring the Interplay of Sweet Pepper Varieties and Seedling Growing Techniques on Crop Productivity
Authors: Hoque Sumona , Mostarin Tahmina , Khatun Khaleda , Riad Riazul Islam , Nira Jarin Jannat , Sohag Md. Abuzar , Mollah Md. Nuruddin , Sikder Ripon Kumar , Akter Most. Mahmuda , Samad Md. Abdus
Published: September 2023

This study, conducted at the "Horticulture Farm" of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from October 2021 to April 2022, aimed to investigate the impact of seedling growing techniques on the growth and yield of sweet pepper, considering different varieties. The experiment featured two main factors: Factor A, focusing on seedling growing techniques (T1 = Open field, T2 = Net house, and T3 = Poly tunnel), and Factor B, concerning pepper varieties (V1 = BARI Mistimorich 1, V2 = BARI Mistimorich 2, and V3 = California wonder). The experimental design employed was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results from the analysis revealed significant variations in most of the studied characteristics related to sweet pepper growth and yield. The results underscored that both seedling growing techniques and pepper varieties had substantial influences on sweet pepper growth and yield. Regarding seedling growing techniques, the highest sweet pepper yield (50.83 t/ha) was observed in the Net house (T2) treatment, while the lowest yield (21.46 t/ha) was recorded in the Open field (T1) treatment. In terms of different varieties, the highest yield (45.00 t/ha) was obtained from BARI Mistimorich 2 (V2) treatment, whereas the lowest yield (30.42 t/ha) was associated with the California wonder (V3) treatment. The most promising results emerged from the combination of treatments, with the highest fruit yield (58.75 t/ha) achieved in the Net house + BARI Mistimorich 2 (T2V2) treatment combination. Conversely, the lowest fruit yield (15.63 t/ha) was observed in the Open field + California wonder (T1V3) treatment combination. Overall, this study demonstrates that the T2V2 treatment combination stands out as the most effective approach for achieving superior sweet pepper growth and fruit yield.
Comparative Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Some Edible Spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) in Southern Taraba (Ibi, Wukari and Donga), Nigeria
Authors: Hosea P. I. , Olowokere J. A. , Odineze M. C.
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on the assessment and comparative concentrations of some heavy metals in spinach (Amaranthus hybridus), cultivated in Wukari, Ibi, Donga local government area of Taraba State in Nigeria. The research is motivated by the indiscriminate use of bulk chemicals for farming activities in the communities under review. The study employed random sampling techniques in collecting the samples of the spinach. The edible part were digested and analyzed for the following heavy metal content: Lead, Zinc, Copper, Nickel, Iron, Cobalt, Chromium, Manganese, and Cadmium. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) technique was used to analyze the samples. The results for the main concentration of heavy metal were revealed. The concentration of heavy metals in the spinach obtained from the three different samples varies. It was observed that, the sample obtained from Wukari has the highest accumulation of heavy metals. The concentrations of Pb, Mn and Cr were found to be higher than the permissible limits in Wukari spinach. Cd was not detected in the three (Ibi, Donga and Wukari).  Pb was not detected in Ibi and Donga. Cu and Ni were not detected in Donga. Based on the findings from this study, spinach from Ibi and Donga are recommended for consumption compared to Wukari, since most of the heavy metals in this study areas are within the standard permissible limit set by WHO/FAO. Similarly, the daily intake of heavy metal (DIM) and the health risk index (HRI) analysis from the 3 study areas also falls within the acceptable permissible level. Farmers and consumers should be adviced appropriately on the health implications of excessive heavy metal consumption in vegetables.
Climate Control and Irrigation Automation Systems in Turkish Greenhouses: A Comparative Study
Authors: Felek Turgut , Kürklü Ahmet
Published: September 2023

Today's modern greenhouse agriculture draws attention with its intensive plant production capacity and industrially advanced structure in which soilless agriculture technology is used. Computer, microprocessor-controlled information processing and automation systems are needed for the effective management and operation of greenhouses. In order to meet the demands according to the plant species planned to be produced in soilless modern greenhouses; Equipment such as signal-sensing, heating, ventilation, shading, irrigation, fertilization, fogging-cooling, carbon dioxide fertilization and greenhouse general climate control system are needed. According to the needs of the plant, sub-equipment (suitable for obtaining the correct climate conditions desired in the greenhouse) such as roof windows, heating, irrigation, cooling, shading, fan ventilation should work according to the signals coming from the sensors. In this study, the data of 4 different commercial automation systems (namely Priva, Hortimax, Hoogendoorn and Karaca) in 5 greenhouse enterprises in different parts of Turkey were examined and screenshots were obtained. The data obtained were compared with each other and evaluated in terms of ease of use, performance, measured elements, capacity etc.  This research will provide added value to the greenhouse economy of countries in the next stages of undercover agriculture, as it will serve to understand greenhouse automation and subsequently to develop new systems. It will also be helpful to the greenhouse investors to make the right choice while choosing a greenhouse automation system.
Relationship between the Productivity and Nutrient Profile of Bottom Soils of Selected Regular and Integrated Fish Ponds in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ajide-Akinola Oluwadara Esther , Akinwole Ayoola Olusegun
Published: September 2023

Water quality management has been considered one of the most important aspects of pond aquaculture for many years, but less attention has been given to the management of pond bottom soil. The quality of pond bottom soils greatly impacts the productivity of ponds with respect to fish production. The objective of this study is to explain the nutrient profile of bottom soils of selected regular and integrated ponds in the Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Bottom soils and water samples of three regular and three integrated ponds in Ibadan  metropolis, Nigeria were sampled. In each pond, soil samples were sampled from two different points at three depths each (inlet and outlet) of 0-10cm,10-20cm and 20-30cm. Soil samples were also analysed for; pH, organic carbon, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. The productivity of the ponds was evaluated using the measured parameters in line with standard procedures. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, correlation and regression analysis.  The organic carbon of all the ponds indicated that they were all suitable for aquaculture production with average values ranging from 0.82% to 2.66%. Three of the ponds’ bottom soil were of mineral soils having medium organic carbon of mean values 1.81%, 1.73% and 2.66% for integrated pond 3, regular ponds 1 and 3 respectively while the three other ponds were of organic soils having high organic carbon concentration of mean values 1.06%,0.82% and 1.01% for integrated ponds 3and 2 and regular pond 2. The pond soils were all neutral except two of the regular ponds with average values ranging from 7.00 to 9.60. All the mean values of phosphorous in the soil indicated that the soils were of high productivity and highly suitable for aquaculture production. Mean soil phosphorous concentration values 0.33%, 0.30%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28% and 0.34% of integrated ponds 1 to 3 and regular ponds 1-3 respectively showed that the ponds were highly suitable for fish culture with respect to ability to synthesize phytoplankton and zooplanktons. The organic carbon concentration and the phosphorous concentration of all the ponds showed high productivity. The pH and the nitrogen concentration of all the ponds showed high productivity.  Generally, the evaluation of the ponds in line with the three standard procedures indicated that the integrated pond soils was more productive for fish culture than the regular pond soils.
Exploring the Storage Potential of Groundnut Var.TMV (Gn) 13 under Modified Atmospheric Storage Conditions
Authors: Punithavathi R.  , Parameswari K. , Umarani R. , Eevera T. , Anand T. , Gomathi V.
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study is to identify the suitable modified atmospheric storage condition required for long term storage of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety TMV (Gn) 13. The experiment was conducted during 2022 at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.  The groundnut pods and kernels were subjected into different storage conditions viz., pods stored in gunny bag, kernels stored in gunny bag, kernels stored in polythene bag, kernels stored with N₂gas and kernels stored in vacuum conditions.  The results revealed that pod storage recorded the maximum germination percentage (73%), root length (14.5cm), shoot length(14.3cm), dry matter production (3.47 g 10 seedlings -1) and vigour (2136). Similarly, enzymes viz., dehydrogenase( 0.72 OD value), peroxidise (1.29U mgˉ¹ protein minˉ¹), alpha amylase (13.60mg maltose min-1) and catalase activity (1.253 µmolH₂O₂ minˉ¹gˉ¹ protein) were also maximum in pod storage with minimum harmful effect of pest(0.6%) and fungus incidence(17%). The nitrogen storage conditions also have maximum enzyme activity viz., dehydrogenase (0.64 OD value), peroxidise (1.24U mgˉ¹ protein minˉ¹), alpha amylase (13.58 mg maltose min-1) and catalase activity (1.220 µmolH₂O₂ minˉ¹gˉ¹ protein) with minimum harmful effect of pest (0.6%) and fungus incidence (20%). Present study, it is concluded that groundnut kernels stored under modified atmospheric storage i.e. nitrogen gas storage can maintain the seed longevity by minimizing the deterioration process in groundnut equally as that of pod storage. Further, it will helps to minimize the expenditure towards transport and storage.
Effect of Foliar Nutrition on Yield, Quality, Nutrient Content and Uptake of Kharif Cowpea
Authors: Chaudhary B. J. , Chaudhari P. P. , Parikh R. M. , Patel K. K. , Chaudhari N. M.
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to investigate the “effect of foliar nutrition on yield, quality, nutrient content and uptake of kharif cowpea” during kharif season of 2020. In Randomize Block Design, eight treatment combinations were tested in four replications. Cowpea variety Gujarat cowpea 5 was planted at a distance of 45 cm × 10 cm. Application of 75% of RDF + 2% spray of each urea and urea phosphate at 15 and 30 DAS gave significantly higher yield (1422 kg/ha), protein content (22.93 %), nutrient content of nitrogen and phosphorus in seed (3.67 % and 0.446 %) and in stover (0.73% and 0.273% respectively) and nutrients uptake of nitrogen (71 kg/ha), phosphorus (13 kg/ha) and potassium (56 kg/ha) by cowpea crop  it was at par with application of 75% of RDF + 2% spray of NPK 19:19:19 at 15 and 30 DAS
Comparison of the Efficacy of Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Staining Techniques in the Diagnosis of Typhoid Intestinal Perforation (TIP) among Patients Attending Federal Medical Centre, Keffi Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Gambari Sikirat Atinuke , Erameh Theophilus Ogie , Ugbomoiko Daniel Ohilebo , Ibrahim Azeez Oyemomi , Adegboye Adiru Afolabi , Omonijo Adetunji
Published: September 2023

Aim of the Study: To compare the efficacy of H&E and PAS staining techniques in the demonstration of TIP among patients attending Federal Medical Centre Keffi, Nasarawa state. Study Design: The study is a retrospective study, a total of 129 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients who were diagnosed of TIP between January 1st 2013 and December 31st 2022 were retrieved from the archives of Histopathology laboratory and examined. Ten patients (10) with incomplete data were excluded.

Methodology: A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data. The tissue blocks were sectioned at 4um and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining technique and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) technique. The microscopic examination was done using x10 and x40 objectives of the Olympus light microscope.

Results: The study showed that males were more affected with TIP than females with ratio 1.6: 1. Ages of patients ranged between 6 months-77 years with mean age of 24.8+1.87 years. The highest number of TIP cases was recorded in December. The ileal segment was the most perforated among the intestinal segments. The socioeconomic status of patients, availability of potable water supply as well as hygiene and sanitary practices were discovered to be key factors in typhoid fever infection and treatment outcomes.

Conclusion: Although, both PAS and H&E staining techniques showed favorable features, the PAS technique gave better contrast and also revealed the perforation sites better than H&E at P<0.001. Hence, the PAS technique should be done alongside the H&E in the laboratory investigation of intestinal tissues.
Costs and Benefits of Regional Connectivity: An Analysis from Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: A. Khaleque, , H. Rashid, , R. Jahan,
Published: September 2023

Aims: This paper aims to investigate the costs and benefits of regional connectivity in Bangladesh from the economic perspective through using the analytical tools of benefit-cost analysis.

Study design:  The study is conducted based on forecasted secondary data from different related published sources. A qualitative stakeholder survey is conducted to evaluate the intended impact of regional connectivity on the economy of Bangladesh.

Methodology: The study uses qualitative research tools to assess the impact of bilateral or multilateral connectivity and uses the tools of benefits-costs analysis (NPV, BCR, and IRR) applied to evaluate the effectiveness of regional connectivity from bilateral and multilateral perspectives. Our key hypothesis is that ‘regional connectivity improves benefits’.

Results: The study shows that Bangladesh can gain from connectivity. However, gains from regional connectivity, especially, bilateral connectivity is very sensitive to the changes in the variables particularly, transshipment charge, volume of transshipment, and cost of building physical infrastructure. With modest values of the parameters, we find that connectivity generates a positive net present value, if Bangladesh can charge rationally against the cost of building infrastructure. From the stakeholders’ point, connectivity is beneficial, particularly multilateral connectivity generates more net benefit than the bilateral connectivity. Besides, the economic costs, the security concern can play a big effect on the social cost of such connectivity. Meanwhile, grave concern is aired on incurring a huge project cost, if Bangladesh implements the project with a higher interest tide loan from India. Moreover, the imposition of congestion fees, water pollution, and traffic fees derive the benefit from transit facilities.

Conclusion: The net gains from regional connectivity depend on trading patterns’ transshipment of goods, trade creation, and trade diversion among the partners through the connectivity process. Bangladesh needs to adopt gains-optimizing strategies for fixing the direct and indirect fees. Bangladesh should prioritize the silk-route connectivity more than the Asian Highway to attract FDI and sunset industry from China.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMANFAATAN AIR HUJAN SEBAGAI SUMBER AIR BERSIH DI BANTARAN SUNGAI CODE KELURAHAN WIROGUNAN
Authors: Widati Widati , Sulistyowati Fadjarini , Tyas B. Hari Saptaning , Puspitasari Condrodewi
Published: September 2023

Pemanfaatan air hujan menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi kekurangan air bersih di Indonesia karena curah hujan yang cukup tinggi. Di beberapa negara, pemanfaatan air hujan sudah dikelola dengan baik sedangkan di Indonesia pemanfaatan air hujan belum dilakukan secara optimal. Demikian pula di kota Yogyakarta, kota yang semakin padat dan sumber air tanah yang semakin sulit. Untuk itu air hujan merupakan solusi untuk mengatasi kekurangan air bersih. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dari Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa (STPMD “APMD”) dilakukan di bantaran sungai Code khususnya RT 13 dan 14 RW 04  Kelurahan Wirogunan.  Pemilihan wilayah ini karena  terletak di bantaran Sungai Code, padat pendududuk, bekas timbunan sampah sehingga sulit untuk membuat sumur sedangkan masyarakatnya tidak mampu untuk berlangganan PDAM. Kegiatan meliputi: 1) Assesment potensi dan masalah; 2) Sosialisasi pemantan air hujan  sebagai sumber air bersih; 3) Mediasi pakar untuk pengenalan teknologi alat Penampung Air Hujan (PAH); 4) Pemasangan teknologi sederhana pemanen air hujan; 5) pengorganisasian kembali pelembagaan pengelola air hujan.  Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan pemahaman terhadap materi yang disampaikan mencapai 78%, ketertarikan peserta terhadap pemanfaatan air hujan mencapai 61%,  demikian juga kebutuhan akan teknologi pemanen air hujan mencapai 61%.  Dari hasil ini tampak adanya antusiasme masyarakat yang cukup tinggi baik pada kegiatan sosialisasi maupun pemasangan instalasi pemanen air hujan yang dilakukan secara gotong royong. Kegiatan terakhir sebagai upaya keberlanjutan program ini adalah mengorganisir pengelola air hujan untuk bertanggung jawab terhadap distribusi air dan perawatan alat.
KAMPANYE SOSIAL “DIBÉBÉRKÉ” SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGENALAN KESENIAN WAYANG BEBER KEPADA GENERASI MUDA DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Liliana Karin Intan , Hartanto Deddi Duto , Maer Bernadette Dian Arini
Published: September 2023

Kota Surakarta memiliki beragam wujud kesenian tradisional, salah satunya ialah wayang beber. Namun saat ini kesenian tersebut kurang dikenal oleh generasi muda di Kota Surakarta, terutama jika dilihat dari aspek sejarah, seni sungging, serta keberadaan para seniman sungging wayang beber itu sendiri. Hal ini disebabkan oleh karena minimnya upaya, pe-manfaatan media, serta metode pengenalan yang masih belum dapat menjangkau generasi muda. Alhasil kelangsungan hidup wayang beber di Kota Surakarta kian memprihatinkan. Berkaca dari permasalahan tersebut, dirancanglah kampanye sosial “Dibébérké”, yakni sebuah gerakan untuk mengedukasikan kesenian wayang beber pada generasi muda Kota Surakarta. Guna mengkomunikasikan pesan kampanye sosial, dirancanglah strategi komunikasi melalui media sosial Instagram serta pemberdayaan seniman sungging wayang beber “Sanggar Naladerma”, Komunitas Soerakarta Walking Tour, Rumah Budaya Kratonan, serta Komunitas SangKuli-Kriya ISI Surakarta guna menciptakan sebuah event kolaborasi untuk memperkenalkan aspek-aspek kesenian wayang beber mulai dari sejarahnya di Kota Surakarta dan keberadaan maestro sungging wayang beber “Sanggar Naladerma” yang dikemas dalam bentuk wisata sejarah, serta memperkenalkan seni sungging wayang beber melalui kegiatan workshop dengan media totebag blacu. Kegiatan ini tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai bentuk edukasi saja, melainkan turut menjadi inovasi dalam upaya pengenalan, memberikan ruang bagi seniman sungging wayang beber untuk terus berkarya dan memperkenalkan keberadaan wayang beber pada generasi muda di Kota Surakarta, serta sebagai upaya pelestarian.
Novo Ensino Médio e economia comportamental: fundamentos para modelar o comportamento da classe trabalhadora no contexto de crise
Authors: Siqueira Thiago Vasquinho , Lamosa Rodrigo de Azevedo Cruz
Published: September 2023

Recentemente se intensificaram os debates sobre a implementação do “Novo Ensino Médio” no Brasil. Este artigo analisa as bases da implementação de políticas educacionais com foco na modelagem dos comportamentos, difundidas mundialmente, sobretudo, após a crise de 2008. É analisado um conjunto de fontes produzidas pelo Banco Mundial e por autores da chamada Economia Comportamental (EC), que vem influenciando o contexto de reformas educacionais atuais. O artigo conclui que o “Novo Ensino Médio” tem bases teóricas definidas a partir dos referenciais da EC, sendo sua implementação o desdobramento de intensa articulação promovida por organizações como o Banco Mundial.
Expropriação dos expropriadores
Authors: Blumenfeld Jacob , Santos Breno Ricardo Guimarães
Published: September 2023

A “expropriação dos expropriadores” é uma deliciosa formulação, uma que Marx até compara à infame “negação da negação” de Hegel. Mas o que essa frase significa, e seria ela relevante ainda hoje? Antes de analisar o conteúdo da expressão de Marx, irei considerar brevemente os entendimentos jurídicos contemporâneos sobre a expropriação, bem como alguns exemplos. No restante do ensaio, apresento diferentes tipos de expropriação em Marx e me concentro em uma ambiguidade no cerne da noção de “expropriação dos expropriadores”, a saber, se ela descreve uma tendência imanente e objetiva dentro do desenvolvimento do modo de produção capitalista ou se prescreve ativamente uma forma de práxis política revolucionária para a classe trabalhadora. Minha resposta é que ela faz as duas coisas, embora não sem tensionamento. Por fim, desenvolvo algumas implicações dessas reflexões, mostrando como o conceito de ­expropriação pode ser usado hoje, nas lutas em torno da moradia, da questão climática e do trabalho.
Teatro intercultural e interpolítico: ventos gelados do Norte, ventos quentes do Sul
Authors: Cippiciani Irani
Published: September 2023

Este artigo analisa as diferentes nomenclaturas e os desvios éticos que envolvem as práticas interculturais no campo dos treinamentos e das performances nos séculos XX e XXI, em especial as relações entre Europa e Índia, tomando como exemplo a montagem “A room in India”, feita pelo Thèâtre du Soleil (2016). O artigo também discorre sobre os desafios do teatro intercultural no cenário pós-colonial e lança uma pergunta: será possível produzir um teatro intercultural entre culturas situadas no Sul Global, não mediatizadas pelas epistemologias dominantes do Norte Global? Neste caso, esse tipo de ‘encontro cultural mais ao Sul’ poderia emergir como uma forma de luta social e política?
Feminismos e estratégias anticoloniais e de(s)coloniais nas artes da cena
Authors: Duarte Sarah Marques , Caetano Nina
Published: September 2023

Editorial n. 39
Incidental Coronary Artery Calcium on Chest CT in Persons Without Known Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Tattersall Matthew C. , McClelland Robyn L. , Nagpal Prashant , Deaño Roderick , Blaha Michael J. , Stein James H.
Published: September 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the expected prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) on chest computed tomography (CT) in people without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by age, sex, and race and ethnicity.
Consideration of Developmental Stage and the Debate on the Effects of Screens Use—Not All Things Are Created Equal
Authors: Madigan Sheri , Reich Stephanie M.
Published: September 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the role of childhood developmental stage in research evaluating the effects of screen use among youth and its application to practice, policy, and the public.
Analytical study on fracture mechanisms ruling resistant load of post‐installed adhesive anchor
Authors: Satoh Ayumi , Murakami Kiyoshi
Published: September 2023

Experimental and FEM‐based analytical studies revealed the following aspects regarding post‐installed adhesive anchors set with epoxy or UHPFRC adhesive.

The experimental and FEM results agreed in regard to maximum load, load–displacement curve, crack pattern, failure mode, and the location of failure.

The load‐bearing mechanisms were discussed employing a model with a conic surface and an interface layer below it, which revealed the contribution of a conic surface to the maximum load was low, and that of an interface layer was very high.

The mechanisms of combined failure with cone‐shaped fracture of concrete and interface slipping were also discussed.
A study on the regional characteristics and determining factors of HIKIMUN folk house construction systems in Amami‐Oshima
Authors: Aoyagi Yuka
Published: September 2023

In Amami‐Oshima, folk houses are characterized by the “HIKIMUN construction” system, which is different from other wooden construction systems of the Japanese main island. Big beams that are dropped into primary posts are called “HIKIMUN.” This study aimed to clarify the regional characteristics of HIKIMUN construction systems and their determining factors. Ten HIKIMUN folk houses in mountainous, plain, and island areas were studied. According to the survey results, four types of HIKIMUN construction systems—Basic, Discontinuous, Extended, and Two levels—two types of HIKIMUN joints—Unprocessed and Watariago—and three types of floor level joints—Makura, Kusabi, and Combined—were identified. The regional characteristics of each type were also clarified.
Acid‐Assisted Toughening Aramid Aerogel Monoliths with Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and Superior Tensile Toughness
Authors: Wu Jianpeng , Zhang Junshuo , Sang Min , Li Zimu , Zhou Jianyu , Wang Yu , Xuan Shouhu , Leung Ken Cham‐Fai , Gong Xinglong
Published: September 2023

Resisting extreme loading and thermal ablation encountered by aerospace devices demands for high performance engineering materials. Aerogels have achieved satisfactory thermal insulation but the intrinsic brittleness of porous skeletons fail to ensure their normal operation under severe stress fields. Herein, aramid nanofibers (ANFs) are processed into tough 3D aerogel monoliths via a multi‐scale toughening strategy, involving unidirectional freeze‐casting‐enabled microstructure orientation and acid‐assisted nanofiber cross‐linking. Scalable production of ANFs aerogels is realized through fast air‐drying without excessive energy consumption. The aligned sheets in ANFs aerogels enable extreme thermal conductivity of 15.8 mW m−1 K−1, superinsulation from −130 to 300 °C, and durable combustion protection for 20 min. Particularly, highly aggregated nanofibers assemble into dense ANFs skeletons, endowing the tough aerogels with superior specific tensile strength (89 MPa cm3 g−1), ultra‐high toughness (1.3 MJ m−3), and impressive fracture energy (7.36 kJ m−2). Such mechanical properties are highly resistant to harsh environments, including water erosion (7 days) and high temperature baking (30 days). Moreover, ANFs aerogels exhibit two to three times more energy dissipation than commercial foams against ballistic impact at 140 m s−1. This integrated mechanical and thermal robustness may pioneer the potential application in impact‐thermal coupled safeguard for aerogel materials.
Recent Advances in Multifunctional Binders for High Sulfur Loading Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Guo Rongnan , Yang Yi , Huang Xiang Long , Zhao Chongchong , Hu Binbin , Huo Feng , Liu Hua Kun , Sun Bowen , Sun Zixu , Dou Shi Xue
Published: September 2023

Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are regarded as a highly promising next‐generation energy storage technology due to their exceptional theoretical capacity and energy density. However, the practical application of these batteries is hindered by several challenges, including significant volume change of active materials, severe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides, inadequate electronic and ionic conductivity, and safety concerns. These issues are particularly pronounced in cathodes with high sulfur loading, which are essential for the effective implementation of LSBs. Binders are an essential constituent of sulfur cathodes, and they perform a crucial function in enhancing the efficacy of LSBs, particularly when subjected to high sulfur loading. A considerable amount of research has been conducted to investigate the potential of multifunctional binders to tackle the aforementioned challenges associated with LSBs. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the various roles that advanced multifunctional binders play in LSBs, including but not limited to preserving electrode integrity, capturing lithium polysulfides, regulating Li2S deposition, accelerating reaction kinetics, enhancing ionic and electronic conductivity, promoting sulfur cathode safety, and safeguarding the environment. Additionally, the paper outlines the challenges and prospects for future research endeavors aimed at creating innovative multifunctional binders and improving the overall performance of LSBs.
Development of a Fully Synthetic Corneal Stromal Construct via Supramolecular Hydrogel Engineering
Authors: Vrehen Annika F. , Rutten Martin G. T. A. , Dankers Patricia Y. W.
Published: September 2023

Recent advances in the field of ophthalmology show great potential in the design of bioengineered constructs to mimic the corneal stroma. Hydrogels based on synthetic supramolecular polymers, are attractive synthetic mimics of the natural highly hydrated corneal stroma. Here, a fully synthetic corneal stromal construct is developed via engineering of an injectable supramolecular hydrogel based on ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties. The hydrogel displays a dynamic and tunable behavior, which allows for control of biochemical and mechanical cues. Two hydrogels are developed, a fully synthetic hydrogel functionalized with a bioactive cyclic arginine‐glycine‐aspartate UPy (UPy‐cRGD) additive, and a hybrid hydrogel based on UPy‐moieties mixed with collagen type I fibers. Both hydrogels supported cell encapsulation and associated cellular deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins after 21 days. Excitingly, the hydrogels support the activation of isolated primary keratocytes into stromal fibroblasts as well as the differentiation toward more quiescent corneal stromal keratocytes, demonstrated by their characteristic long dendritic protrusions and a substantially diminished cytokine secretion. Furthermore, cells survive shear stresses during an injectability test. Together, these findings highlight the development of an injectable supramolecular hydrogel as a synthetic corneal stromal microenvironment able to host primary keratocytes.
Lipophilic AIEgens as the “Trojan Horse” with Discrepant Efficacy in Tracking and Treatment of Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Shi Chunzi , Huang Xueni , Wang Dong , Chu Chengshengze , Shi Yuxin , Yan Bo , Shan Fei , Zhang Jiulong , Zhang Zhiyong , Peng Chen , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2023

The highly contagious tuberculosis is a leading infectious killer, which urgently requires effective diagnosis and treatment methods. To address these issues, three lipophilic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers (TTMN, TTTMN, and MeOTTMN) are selected to evaluate their labeling and antimicrobial properties in vitro and in vivo. These three lipophilic AIEgens preserve low cytotoxicity and achieve real‐time and non‐invasive visualization of the process of mycobacteria infection in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, these AIEgens can be triggered by white light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a highly efficient antibacterial reagent. Among these AIEgens, the TTMN photosensitizer has an outstanding antibacterial efficacy over the clinical first‐line drug rifampicin at the same therapeutic concentration. Interestingly, this study also finds that TTMN can increase the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the early stage of infection after light irradiation, indicating an additional pro‐inflammatory role of TTMN. This work provides some feasibility basis for developing AIEgens‐based agents for effectively destroying mycobacterium.
Theranostic Lipid Nanoparticles for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mao Xiongmin , Wang Guanyi , Wang Zijian , Duan Chen , Wu Xiaoliang , Xu Hua
Published: September 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological malignancy and represents a leading threat to healthcare. Recent years have seen a series of progresses in the early diagnosis and management of RCC. Theranostic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are increasingly becoming one of the focuses in this field, because of their suitability for tumor targeting and multimodal therapy. LNPs can be precisely fabricated with desirable chemical compositions and biomedical properties, which closely match the physiological characteristics and clinical needs of RCC. Herein, a comprehensive review of theranostic LNPs is presented, emphasizing the generic tool nature of LNPs in developing advanced micro‐nano biomaterials. It begins with a brief overview of the compositions and formation mechanism of LNPs, followed with an introduction to kidney‐targeting approaches, such as passive, active, and stimulus responsive targeting. With examples provided, a series of modification strategies for enhancing the tumor targeting and functionality of LNPs are discussed. Thereafter, research advances on applications of these LNPs for RCC including bioimaging, liquid biopsy, drug delivery, physical therapy, and gene therapy are summarized and discussed from an interdisciplinary perspective. The final part highlights the milestone achievements of translation medicine, current challenges as well as future development directions of LNPs for the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
A Smart Single‐Fluorophore Polymer: Self‐Assembly Shapechromic Multicolor Fluorescence and Erasable Ink
Authors: Ren Ying‐Yi , Deng Bo‐Yi , Liao Zi‐Hao , Zhou Zi‐Rong , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu , Wang Feng
Published: September 2023

A novel smart fluorescent polymer polyethyleneimine‐grafted pyrene (PGP) is developed by incorporating four stimuli‐triggers at molecular level. The triggers are amphiphilicity, supramolecular host–guest sites, pyrene fluorescence indicator, and reversible chelation sites. PGP exhibits smart deformation and shape‐dependent fluorescence in response to external stimuli. It can deform into three typical shapes with a characteristic fluorescence color, namely, spherical core–shell micelles of cyan‐green fluorescence, standard rectangular nanosheets of yellow fluorescence, and irregular branches of deep‐blue fluorescence. A quasi‐reversible deformation between the first two shapes can be dynamically manipulated. Moreover, driven by reversible coordination and the resulting intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer, PGP can be used as an aqueous fluorescence ink with erasable and recoverable properties. The fluorescent patterns printed by PGP ink on paper can be rapidly erased and recovered by simple spraying a sequence of Cu2+ and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid aqueous solutions. This erase/recover transformation can be repeated multiple times on the same paper. The multiple stimulus responsiveness of PGP makes it have potential applications in nanorobots, sensing, information encryption, and anticounterfeiting.
Cancer‐Associated Fibroblast‐Induced Remodeling of Tumor Microenvironment in Recurrent Bladder Cancer
Authors: Liang Ting , Tao Tao , Wu Kai , Liu Lisha , Xu Wuwu , Zhou Dewang , Fang Hu , Ding Qiuxia , Huang Guixiao , Wu Song
Published: September 2023

Bladder carcinoma (BC) recurrence is a major clinical challenge, and targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a promising therapy. However, the relationship between individual TME components, particularly cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor recurrence is unclear. Here, TME heterogeneity in primary and recurrent BC is investigated using single‐cell RNA sequence profiling of 62 460 cells. Two cancer stem cell (CSC) subtypes are identified in recurrent BC. An inflammatory CAF subtype, ICAM1+ iCAFs, specifically associated with BC recurrence is also identified. iCAFs are found to secrete FGF2, which acts on the CD44 receptor of rCSC‐M, thereby maintaining tumor stemness and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Additionally, THBS1+ monocytes, a group of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are enriched in recurrent BC and interacted with CAFs. ICAM1+ iCAFs are found to secrete CCL2, which binds to CCR2 in MDSCs. Moreover, elevated STAT3, NFKB2, VEGFA, and CTGF levels in iCAFs reshape the TME in recurrent tumors. CCL2 inhibition in an in situ BC mouse model suppressed tumor growth, decreased MDSCs and Tregs, and fostered tumor immune suppression. The study results highlight the role of iCAFs in TME cell–cell crosstalk during recurrent BC. The identification of pivotal signaling factors driving BC relapse is promising for the development of novel therapies.
Flexibility Tuning of Dual‐Metal S─Fe─Co─N5 Catalysts with O‐Axial Ligand Structure for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Su Hui , Song Shaojia , Li Ning , Gao Yangqin , Li Peng , Ge Lei , Ma Tianyi
Published: September 2023

The electrocatalytic performance of metal–nitrogen–carbon (M─N─C) single‐atom catalysts remains a significant challenge due to their rigid active center. Controllable tuning of the local microenvironment and electronic structure is critical for M─N─C single‐metal site catalysts in improving the electrochemical performance and exploring the reaction mechanism. Herein, Co─N4 is selected as a benchmark among various M─N─C catalysts based on theoretical prediction and experimental studies. A dual‐metal S─Fe─Co─N5 catalyst is constructed by embedding Fe and S into the structure of Co─N4 motifs. Theoretical analysis and in situ characterizations illustrate that the active sites will in situ combine an O‐axial ligand to form S─Fe─Co─N5─O structure during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which can reduce the reaction energy of O*→OOH*. The Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics simulations and deformation energy for H*/O* adsorption reveal that the Fe─Co and S─Fe bonds exhibit flexible characteristics compared to the Co/Fe─N bonds. This flexibility of S─Fe─Co─N5─O structure facilitates the OER performance by reducing the OOH*→O2, which is the OER rate‐determining step, resulting in superior performance. The optimized S─Fe─Co─N5─O catalyst exhibits excellent OER (260 mV@50 mA cm−2) and hydrogen evolution reaction (138 mV@10 mA cm−2) performance in alkaline electrolytes. The reported regulation strategy ameliorates the micro‐environment of Co─N4 with tunable flexibility, which helps allow a basic comprehension of the electrochemical reaction mechanism.
Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst of Co4N and Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanowalls/Diamond for High‐Performance Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chuyan , Huang Nan , Zhai Zhaofeng , Liu Lusheng , Chen Bin , Yang Bing , Jiang Xin , Yang Nianjun
Published: September 2023

Rational design of heterogeneous catalysts with unique structural and electronic properties is one of the major challenges to improve the activity toward the reversible oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the bottleneck in the construction of air cathodes for the next‐generation flexible zinc–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, density functional theory calculations are combined with experimental attempts to exploit the roles of the electronic effects at the interface between Co4N nanoparticles and nitrogen‐doped carbon nanowalls/diamond (d‐NCNWs/D) toward the ORR and OER activities. The vacancy defect‐induced Co‐pyridinic N─C bond optimizes the electronic structure of Co 3d orbitals and balances the adsorption energies of intermediates along the reaction pathways. Consequently, as‐synthesized Co4N@d‐NCNWs/D composites exhibit superior bifunctional oxygen catalytic activity. The overpotential of the OER is as low as 340 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and the high half‐wave potential reaches 0.83 V for the ORR. As a binder‐free and flexible ZABs cathode, this composite exhibits an open circuit voltage of 1.41 V and excellent bendable stability, proving its promising potential for the assembly of wearable devices. This work offers theoretical evidence and a controllable strategy to design high‐performance ZAB cathodes for their application in smart electronic devices.
From Plastic Waste to Treasure: Selective Upcycling through Catalytic Technologies
Authors: Yue Shuai , Wang Pengfei , Yu Bingnan , Zhang Tao , Zhao Zhiyong , Li Yi , Zhan Sihui
Published: September 2023

The huge amount of plastic wastes has become a pressing global environmental problem, leading to severe environmental pollution and resource depletion through conventional downcycling technologies like incineration and landfilling. In contrast, selective upcycling of various plastics offers a promising solution for converting waste plastics into valuable products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in innovative catalytic technologies, including thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. Special emphasis is placed on elucidating the reaction mechanisms, activating designated chemical bonds for high selectivity, and elaborating the above techniques in terms of reaction conditions and products. Finally, the application prospects and future development trends in plastic catalysis are discussed, providing valuable insights for realizing a sustainable circular plastic economy.
Modulating Anion Redox Reactions and Structural Evolution Through Fe‐Substitution in Li6CoO4 Hyper‐Lithiated Sacrificial Cathodes
Authors: Lee Wontae , Lee Hyobin , Byeon Yunseong , Kim Jong Hwa , Choi Woosung , Choi Munhyeok , Park Min‐Sik , Yoon Won‐Sub
Published: September 2023

Utilizing hyper‐lithiated materials can offer a variety of options for designing high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries. As sacrificial cathodes, they compensate for the initial loss of Li+ at the anode. During the first delithiation process, a Fe‐substituted Li6CoO4 (Li5.7Co0.7Fe0.3O4) supplies a large amount of Li+. Especially, the peroxide species formation and oxygen evolution are suppressed even though the charge compensation of oxygen is facilitated in Li5.7Co0.7Fe0.3O4. From a structural viewpoint, the anti‐fluorite structure changes to defective disordered phases during the Li+ extraction, and the proportion of the electrochemical‐inactive phase is more dominant in the case of Li5.7Co0.7Fe0.3O4 at the end of the charge. Consequently, the delithiated LixCo0.7Fe0.3O4 is deactivated in subsequent cycles, reducing unexpected electrochemical reactions after the Li+ provision as sacrificial cathodes. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanism of hyper‐lithiated materials and represent a significant step forward in developing high‐performance sacrificial cathodes.