bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review on personality traits in social entrepreneurship
Authors: Luc Phan Tan
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic literature review on personality trait research in social entrepreneurship, clarify the prevailing research categories and research themes, and suggest potential future research directions. The review process follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A total of 60 publications in the research topic from Web of Science and Scopus were analyzed. This study identifies four main categories in studies of personality traits in social entrepreneurship: ‘comparison of personality traits,’ ‘description of personality traits of social entrepreneurs,’ ‘personality traits and social entrepreneurial intention,’ and ‘personality traits and other factors.’ In addition, the themes in each category are also determined and several research gaps deserving of future investigation are recognized. Policymakers and educators gain a deeper understanding of personality traits in social entrepreneurship to have policies that trigger a change in social entrepreneurship education by cultivating personality traits towards sustainable development. This study classifies publications related to personality traits in social entrepreneurship and provides a guide for researchers by providing a systematic understanding of the research structure in this topic.
Contribution of TFP to economic growth of Dong Thap province: Current status and scenarios for the period 2021 - 2025
Authors: Quan Dang Hoang Minh , Phuoc Nguyen Kim
Published: August 2021

The study aims to analyze the contribution of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Dong Thap ’province’s economic growth using the Cobb-Douglas production function method, based on the data from 2000 - 2020. The study results show that the contribution of capital (ε_K) is 0.3524, the contribution of labor (ε_L) is 0.6476. Dong Thap province’s average TFP growth rate in each period of 05 years 2011 - 2015 and 2016 - 2020 is 2.31% per year and 1.93% per year, respectively, and ’TFP’s contribution to economic growth is 34.51% and 30.01%, respectively. Based on the status analysis of the period 2011 - 2015 and 2016 - 2020, the study proposes four growth scenarios associated with four productivity orientations for Dong Thap province in 2021 - 2025. This ’study’s results are the basis for organizational policies and orientations for socio-economic development, proposing provincial development guidelines and plans to 2025, oriented to 2030.
Does FDI inflow crowd in private investment? Empirical evidence for the Southeast region of Vietnam from the panel quantile regression approach
Authors: Bon Nguyen Van
Published: August 2021

Well-known to be the most dynamic economic region in Vietnam with the establishment of more export processing zones, high technology parks, and industrial zones, the Southeast region is increasingly attracting more capital flows from all over the world. Does FDI inflow crowd in private investment in this region? To answer this research question, the study examines the effect of FDI inflow on private investment for a sample of 6 provinces/cities of the Southeast region between 2005 and 2019 using the panel quantile regression approach, the difference GMM Arellano-Bond, and the FE-IV estimator. The results show that FDI inflow crowds in private investment in this region. In addition, public expenditure, inflation, and population also promote private investment. These findings suggest some crucial policy implications for local governments in this region to receive more FDI inflows as well as promote private investment.
Glimpse on the Second wave of COVID-19: A Situational Analysis of Bangladesh
Authors: Parvin Rawnaq Ara , Tushar Aminul Hoque , Malik Firdous Ahmad
Published: August 2021

The fatal COVID-19 has engulfed 220 countries globally. Up to 26 May 2021, 7,93,693 confirmed cases and 12458 deaths were reported in Bangladesh, whereas globally it counted 16,74,92,769 cases and 34,82,907 deaths. The beleaguered healthcare system has conducted 58,71,353PCR tests since 8 March 2020 and ranked Bangladesh as 33rd position in world. This paper sketched out overall scenario as a narrative including the impact on health system, economics and response from government to tackle the pandemic. It gathered secondary data from sources including journals, newspapers, and government info site to retrieve current information. Although the government took measures such as lockdown, social distancing, quarantine, and isolation from initial stage, misconceptions on vaccination, personal health hygiene, and lack of public responses are retributive to the robust COVID-19 surge. To mitigate the lethal impact of COVID-19, the government needs to expand its vaccination programs and improve health care system.
AN EVALUATION ON SOME FONOLOGICAL LAYERS IN SULTAN VELED'S TURKISH POEMS
Authors: AZILI Kenan
Published: August 2021

One of the first key roles in the process of Old Anatolian Turkish (Sometimes, Old Turkey Turkish or Old Ottoman Turkish term is also used instead of this term.) being the written language in Anatolian geography, which is thought to be the source of most of the modern Oghuz written languages, belongs to Sultan Veled, the eldest son of Mevlânâ Celâleddîn-i Rûmî and Gevher Hatun. It is known that Sufis, who is thought to have lived between 1226-1312, wrote Turkish poems in addition to Persian and Greek. It is estimated that the total of these Turkish poems consist of over three hundred couplets. Sultan Veled, who owns the first works written in Anatolia with Yunus Emre; The Turkish couplets in his works such as Dîvân, Rebâbnâme and Ibtidaname are very important in terms of reflecting the development stages of Oghuz. Apart from the written language in Turkistan geography, these couplets provide important linguistic material in order to follow the emergence and development of a new written language in Anatolia. In this study, some phonological variants and related layers in Sultan Veled's Turkish couplets will be evaluated. The typological data of the Oghuz dialects accepted in the literature will be analyzed by making a comparison with these layers. So that the layers of bol- ~ vol- ~ ol- seen in some copies of these couplets and marking an important transition between East and West Turkish will be subject to re-evaluation. Considering nearly twenty phonological layers composed of süçig > süçü ~ süçi and biŋ ~ miŋ and datlu ~ tatlu dichotomies emerging from phonological development such as -g> Ø in layers, are discussed that whether these forms dialectical or developmental stages that reflect the internal dynamics of Oghuz. Thus, some conclusions can be will be tried to be reached where the Turkish couplets of Sultan Veled, one of the first texts written in Anatolia, should be positioned in the process of becoming the written language of Oghuz. Keywords: Oghuz, Old Anatolian Turkish, Sultan Veled, Dialectology, Phonological Layers.
ORHON SPEECHS AS A SOURCE OF NATIONAL LANGUAGE POLICY AND BASIC LANGUAGE SKILLS IN TURKISH
Authors: ER AYDEMİR Nermin , DİREKCİ Bekir
Published: August 2021

Other than having the feature of being a literary genre, the speech forms the basis of language, culture and education policies since it has the nature of the declaration and advice of the state administrator. Speeches can be considered as constituent language teaching policy texts in terms of their purpose and content while functioning as the construction and preservation of the state tradition. As a matter of fact, the speeches can be viewed from the context of self-presentation to the community represented by the state administrator, and in one respect they contain suggestions for the interlocutor. In the speeches of Turkish cultural history, this interlocutor is not any community or citizen, but directly the Turkish nation. Speeches addressing the Turkish nation also contain codes of strategic importance for nation-based state structuring. Among the specified codes, the codes for Turkish education are also important. In the study, while the function of speech type in the context of language policy was determined in the context of linguistics and educational science, the importance and function of speeches for Turkish education in the history of Turkish education were tried to be determined by linguistic methods. Key Words: Turkish education, speech, linguistics, language policy.
"TURKISH" FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SYRIAN STUDENTS
Authors: YILDIZ Derya , DİVRİK Devrim
Published: August 2021

The aim of this research is to determine the views of Syrian students who learn Turkish as a foreign language about the Turkish learning process and communicating in Turkish. In the research conducted according to the qualitative approach, the semi-structured interview form created by the researchers was used as the data collection tool. Criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used in determining the participants. The participants of the study who lived in Turkey for at least five years and constitute a Syrian students who have learned Turkish in Turkish Language Teaching Research and Application Center. The collected data was analyzed with content analysis and made thematic. As a result of the research, while the views of students who learn Turkish as a foreign language about the learning process of Turkish were explained with the themes of different language characteristics and educational deficiencies, their views on communicating in Turkish were explained with the themes of different cultural structures and difficult conditions. The research data were interpreted by comparing them with other research findings about teaching Turkish as a foreign language in the literature and suggestions were made. Keywords: Syrian students, Teaching Turkish as a foreign language, Turkish.
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS IN THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS: REPUBLIC DAY CELEBRATIONS IN SİVAS BETWEEN 1934-1948
Authors: GÜL Osman Kubilay , GEZ ÇİNPOLAT Aslıhan
Published: August 2021

Holidays are special ceremonies that enable societies to come together around common values. The Republic was declared as the result of the meaningful struggle of the Turkish nation to establish a new and independent state. Two years after its establishment, it started to be celebrated as a national holiday on April 19, 1925. Republic Days, which were initially celebrated in certain centers, were celebrated in different cities over time. In the first years of the feast, the celebrations were held with intense participation in order to ensure the legitimacy of the new regime and to adopt it to the public. The tenth anniversary of the Republic was prepared by the commission within the framework of the law of celebration, and efforts were made to carry out the same plan by committees and delegations in all cities. In this research, the Republic Day celebrations in Sivas between the years 1934-1948 were tried to be examined in the light of archives and some local newspaper news. According to the information obtained, it was seen that the celebrations were planned and carried out according to the directives of the CHP General Secretariat, and after the celebration, it was reported from the provincial secretariat. Accordingly, it has been reported that the participation in the celebrations in Sivas is high. Celebration activities; city decorations, lighting of festive firecrackers, staging of theater works, realization of sports activities, organization of lantern processions, exhibitions of public houses, establishment of public rostrums and organization of Republic balls. It is noteworthy that in some years the celebrations are prepared and maintained for three days. Key words: national consciousness, national holiday, Sivas, Republic Day
CARING EXPERIENCES OF OLDER CARER: CONDITIONS OF LIFE COURSE AFFECTING THE CARE TRAJECTORIES
Authors: AKIŞ Aslı Gözde
Published: August 2021

Family members are the first source of older care. Family caregivers are aging similarly as the population ages so that older carers are taking the caregiver role more often in family care. This research aims to reveal the care experience of older carers using the life course approach. A qualitative research design has been used whereby in-depth interviews have been carried out with 24 carers, caring for their older family member. The biographic life course and the caregiving experience were evaluated concordantly and care trajectories from the start of care until beyond the caring process have been emerged. Older carers were found to care for their parents and partner. They were found to experience multiple care steps either sequential or single. This research could be a resource for other research and could make older carers visible in social politics being the first research about older carers in Turkey. Keywords: Older carers, caregiving trajectories, life course perspective.
THE FIRST OPERA OF THE TURKISH WORLD "LEYLI AND MAJNUN’’
Authors: TÜRKMENOĞLU Ömer , AZİZOĞLU Zümra
Published: August 2021

The Turkish world's opera history gave its first example in 1908 with the opera "Leyli and Majnun" by Azerbaijani composer Üzeyir Hacıbeyli. According to many sources, "Leyli and Majnun" is described as the first opera of the Turkish world and the Islamic world, and the east. The most important feature of this opera is the masterful synthesis of classical western music and folk music. The opera, which was composed for the first time in this way, influenced the east with its staging and ensured that the art of opera was adopted by the public. The great composer Uzeyir Hajibeyli was born in the city of Shusha in Azerbaijan, which was developed in the field of literature and music and called the "natural conservatory." He developed his existing talent here and built it on solid foundations. He was interested in music and literature, wrote many books, articles, and was a writer for newspapers. The subject of the opera Leyli and Majnun is taken from Fuzuli's "Leyli and Majnun" poetry of the same name. At the age of 13, the composer decided to write this opera, influenced by the theater show "At the tomb of Majnun Leyli'' which he watched in Shusha, his home city. He started working on opera in 1907 when he was only 22 years old. By bringing a different perspective to opera, he used the tonal structure of western music with 'mugham,' also known as Azerbaijani folk music. This type of opera is also called "Mugam Opera.'' The opera, which was composed and performed despite the conditions of the period, preserved its originality by combining two cultures and was performed many times in other countries. Operas from the Turkish world are rarely staged in our country, and there is a need for such an article because the opera "Leyli and Majnun" has not been staged much in Turkey and there are very few theses, articles, and books about it. In this study; Different titles have been created such as the history of Azerbaijan opera, the life of Uzeyir Hajibeyli, the composer's process of creating the opera, and the content of the opera Leyli and Majnun. Keywords: Leyli and Majnun, Uzeyir Hajibeyli, Turkish World, Opera
The Impact of an Evidence-Based Multi-component Intervention on Colorectal Cancer Screening in Primary Care at a Healthcare System
Authors:   , Slaughter Ahnnya
Published: August 2021

Practice Problem: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States; many of the deaths are preventable with early detection. Adherence rates for colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical test kits (FIT) was below the national benchmark at this facility. PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was: Among veterans 50 – 75 years old requiring average risk colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) seen in primary care at a veterans affairs healthcare system facility (P), how does the use of a multi-component intervention (I), compared to the usual care (C), affect the number of patients completing CRCS (O) over a period of 12 weeks (T)? Evidence: Review of high-quality studies suggested a multi-component approach, including increasing provider awareness and increasing patient education and outreach, as the most effective approach to increase colorectal screening compliance. Intervention: The multi-component intervention included a standardized CRCS nurse navigation process through standard work which included the teach-back method, patient outreach, and provider feedback. Outcome: There were clinically significant improvements in adherence with returned FIT kits, follow up for abnormal FIT kits, and statistically significant improvements with nursing documentation of patient teaching. The number of patients overdue for CRCS decreased. Conclusion: The multi-component CRCS screening intervention demonstrated significant improvements in the intervention clinics which is consistent with the body of evidence.
Pediatric Sepsis-Development of a Clinical Pathway for the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors:   , Lampkin-Smiley Roslyn
Published: August 2021

Globally, various researchers have suggested that sepsis is one of the most prominent causes of infant fatalities. Since 2004, countless guidelines have been developed to assist in the early identification and management of sepsis. The PICOT question that guided this project was: Does the implementation of a pediatric sepsis clinical pathway, compared with the standard protocol in emergency departments, decrease delays in treatment times of patients presenting with sepsis? Researchers have suggested that early recognition and interventions for septic patients can result in decreased mortality rates. A pediatric sepsis clinical pathway was implemented during this project. The pathway alerted staff members when a pediatric patient was experiencing sepsis-related symptoms. The pathway included various interventions (e.g., administration of intravenous fluids and antibiotics) and treatment goals (i.e., treatment within 60 minutes of arrival time) for clinical staff members to employ with potential septic patients. The implementation of this intervention resulted in earlier pediatric sepsis recognition and a decrease in delay in the treatment of sepsis symptoms. Implementing a protocol that is specific to pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department for sepsis can increase the recognition of sepsis symptoms and can also decrease treatment times. Implementing this protocol may also decrease patient length of stays and can possibly decrease the propensity of organ damage and other sepsis- related complications.
Prediction for Risk of Recurrence and Delayed Metastases of 1-16 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An evaluation of CT scan
Authors: Phuprasat Umasan , Churojana Anchalee , Thepmongkol Kullathorn
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To analyze the imaging characteristic on CT scan of the primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma which predict the locoregional recurrence.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 464 patients who had nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Siriraj Hospital, during 2004-2009 was performed. The treatment options were radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy corresponding to the staging, which were assessed by using CT. The patients who had no available initial imaging studies, incomplete treatment or had follow up less than 1 year were excluded. The imaging studies were analyzed for primary tumor size, direct tumor extension, and cervical lymph node involvement. The vascular invasion was defined as the obliteration more than half of the circumferential fat surrounding internal carotid artery. The regional nodes were evaluated for the levels of involvement and size of the largest one.

Results: There were 99 patients (68 male, 31 female, mean age at 50 years) with the TNM classifications as follows: T15.2%, T2 39.4%, T3 24.2%, T4 21.2%, N0 18.2%, N1 14.1%, N2 46.5% and metastasis 11.76%. The extensions were prevertebral space (54.5%), masticator space (30.3%), skull base  destruction (18.2%), and vascular invasion (42.4%). Nodal involvement was found in 81.8%. The most frequency of the largest lymph node was at ipsilateral level V (38.4%) and II (41.4%). Recurrence was found in 40.4% with averaged at 24 months after complete treatment (95%CI). Vascular invasion and skull base invasion had significant associated to predictive the risk of recurrence (P=0.04 and <0.001, respectively). The size of the tumor or lymph node showed no relation to the local regional recurrence or metastasis.

Conclusion: The risks of NPC recurrence have been correlated to TNM staging, skull base, and carotid space involvement. Skull base invasion has been identified to be the predictive sign for tumor recurrence. Skull base invasion and carotid space involvement have also a statistically significant prognostic factor for overall survival.
Predictive Factors for Successful Percutaneous Sclerotherapy of Venous and Lymphatic Malformations
Authors: Churojana Anchalee , Mahiwan Laksanawadee , Songsaeng Dittapong , Khumtong Rujimas , Homsud Saowanee
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the predictive factors for good response outcome of venous (VMs) and lymphatic malformations (LMs) by percutaneous sclerosing therapy and to compare the complications associated with bleomycin versus alcohol treatment.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 225 patients with lymphatic and venous malformation who had treated by percutaneous sclerotherapy using alcohol and/or bleomycin was performed The treatment outcome was graded from 0-3, in orderly of clinical responsiveness by using visual assessment of changing in size and subjective improvement of symptoms. Predictive factors of good treatment outcome were determined by uni- and multivariate analysis which were conducted on sex, age, onset of disease, location, type, characteristic of lesion and sclerosant usage.

Results: Of 225 patients, 87.6% were VMs and 12.4% were LMs. VMs were predominating in female (6.2:3.8). Between ethanol and bleomycin, there was no statistical significant of treatment sessions, dose and treatment outcome. (p= .42) Sclerosing therapy provided better response on VMs than LMs. (49.2% and 21.4% respectively, p=.002), and had more effective on focal lesions than diffuse patterns (64.9% and 26.1% respectively p<.001) The gender, onset of disease, locations, characteristic on venography and preceding treatment showed no correlation with treatment result. Major complications of ethanol occurred in 38.6%,including hematuria, gangrene, facial paralysis, pulmonary embolism and death. Minor adverse reactions of bleomycin encountered in 19.8% with hyperpigmentation, flu-like symptom and localized fibrosis.

Conclusion: Both absolute alcohol and bleomycin were effective sclerosing agents for percutaneous treatment of venous malformations, but no serious complications encountered with bleomycin. The characteristic of focal single lesion, at any region of body part, can be a predictor for good response.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors with Pathological Correlations
Authors: Thammaroj Jureerat , Kitkhandee Amnat , Tumkot Parinyaporn , Duangtongpol Pichayen , Waraosawapati Sakda
Published: August 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine characteristic imaging findings of intramedullary

spinal cord tumor in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed MRI in 15 patients with histologicaly proven intramedullary spinal cord tumors. The demographic data, MRI findings with histological findings were

recorded in terms of age, location, length, morphology, signal intensity, the presence or absence of cyst

and hemorrhage, enhancement pattern, other associated findings, necrosis, vascular proliferation and

WHO grading.

Results: Among the 15 patients, spinal cord ependymomas were eccentric 75%, well-define border 62.5% and cervicothoracic spine located 37.5%. Spinal cord astrocytomas were eccentrically located and ill-define border 85.7%, cervicothoracic and thoracic spine located 28.5%. A cystic component was seen in 87.5% of spinal cord ependymoma and 71.5% of astrocytomas. Intratumoral hemorrhage occurred in 75% of spinal cord ependymomas, and 57.1% of astrocytomas. In 12.5% of spinal cord ependymomas, a curvilinear low T2 signal, suggesting marginal hemorrhage, was seen at the upper and/or lower margins of the tumors. Twenty-five percent of spinal cord ependymoma and 57.2% of astrocytomas showed heterogeneous enhancement, while in 12.5% of spinal cord ependymomas, enhancement was homogeneous.

Conclusion: Although no statistically significant characteristic MRI feature to distinguish between ependymoma and astrocytoma is detected. By percentage we found that border, length and signal intensity of tumors may help diagnosis. With pathological correlation, all of spinal cord ependymomas are mark hypervascular tumor, but astrocytomas never showed.
A Comparison of Bone Scan Using between F-18 NaF PET/CT and Tc-99m MDP
Authors: Pusuwan Pawana , Ekjeen Tawatchai , Tocharoenchai Chiraporn , Maungsomboon Kobkun , Wiyaporn Kanyalak , Komoltri Chulalak , Ruangma Ananya , Tiparoj Ruentip
Published: August 2021

Objective: To study bone scintigraphy using between F-18 NaF PET/CT and Tc-99m MDP scan for detecting bone metastases.

Material and Methods: Thirteen patients (5 males, mean age 55.4 years, range 34-74 years) who were suspected bone metastases with single or two equivocal lesions on Tc-99m MDP bone scan were recruited between October 2010 and October 2012. All these patients underwent F-18 NaF PET/CT scan within one week after Tc-99m MDP bone scan. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Tc-99m MDP bone scan and F-18 NaF PET/CT in differentiating metastatic bone lesion from benign lesion by patientbased and lesion-based analyses were studied.

Results: F-18 NaF PET/CT could identify all seven patients with malignant bone metastases that Tc-99m MDP bone scan was interpreted as malignancy in only three patients (42.9%) and equivocal in the rest of these patients. For lesion-based analysis of the overall 75 lesions, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Tc-99m MDP bone scan were 48%, 83.3% and 70.7% and F-18 NaF PET/CT were 100% for all parameters. Besides the ability of F-18 NaF PET/CT to accurately identify malignancy from benign lesion, unenhanced CT portion of PET/CT can show extra-osseous findings that may change patient management.

Conclusion: F-18 NaF PET/CT provides an excellent bone image quality and higher accuracy than Tc-99m MDP bone scan. Then F-18 NaF PET/CT is a good choice for evaluating bone metastases.
Diagnostic Efficacy of CT/MR Imaging and Adrenal Vein Sampling for Localization of Aldosterone-producing Adrenal Adenomas in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Boontankan Nontika , Sasiwimonphan Kewalee
Published: August 2021

Objective: To test the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CT/MR imaging and adrenal vein sampling (AVS) for diagnosis of aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma (APA).

Material and method: Retrospective study of 14 patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PAL) who underwent both CT/MR imaging and AVS between June 2007 and June 2012 were performed. The study included 7 male and 7 female patients. Review CT/MR findings of these cases and compared with AVS results were done.

Results: Five of fourteen patients (35%) had unilateral adrenal nodules on CT, and one of fourteen patients (7.1%) had bilateral adrenal nodules on CT[D1]. The remaining eight patients had no significant nodules in both adrenal glands. Among 5 patients who had unilateral adrenal nodule detected from CT, 4 patients (80%) with nodule greater than 10 mm also presented with lateralization from AVS and finally pathological proven APA. The last patient with unilateral nodule showed small size less than 10 mm and had AVS results of bilateral lesion. Medical therapy was applied for this patient instead of surgical treatment. In other group (8 of 14 patients, 57.1%), there was no significant nodule from CT or MRI and AVS results indicated bilateral lesions in two patients (25%). The rest of six patients found unilateral lesion on AVS which underwent adrenalectomy and histological revealed adrenal hyperplasia of all cases. Two of six patients concluded to be primary adrenal hyperplasia (PAH) or unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (UAH), which showed clinical cure after adenalectomy. The remaining four patients who showed no improvement of hypertension after adrenalectomy concluded to be bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV for detected adrenal adenoma by CT/MRI of our study were 66.67%, 87.50%, 78.57%, 80.00%, and 77.78%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV for detected adrenal adenoma by AVS at cut point AVS ratio at 2 were 100%, 50%, 71.43%, 60% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion: In patient with suspected PAL who presented with unilateral adrenal nodule at least 10 mm in size detected by CT, these patient should be referred for adrenalectomy without need to performing AVS. The differentiation of subtype in patients with PAL is most reliably achieved with AVS which may reserve for patient who had no significant adrenal nodule from CT/MRI.
Unsatisfactory Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodule: Which Factors Limit Cytology Result?
Authors: Poonotoke Pratirop
Published: August 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to focus on which factors affect or limit fine-needle aspirationcytology (FNAC) results of thyroid nodule, in order to increase the satisfactory cytologic results and to avoid unnecessary FNAC in patients with asymptomatic benign nodules and highly possible unsatisfactory results.

Materials and Methods: The records of 217 thyroid nodules in 179 patients referred to the radiology department at Lerdsin Hospital for US-guided FNAC between January 2010 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Cytologic specimens of the FNAC were classified as unsatisfactory (non-diagnostic) and satisfactory (diagnostic) results and analyzed by mean of Logistic regression analysis, based on patientûs age, gender, nodule size, number and solid-cystic composition of nodule.

Results: The cytologic result was satisfactory for diagnosis in 154 specimens (71%) and unsatisfactory in 63 specimens (29%). Patientûs age, gender, number and size of nodule of the unsatisfactory result group were not different from the satisfactory result group but the nodule composition was different. Percentage of the unsatisfactory aspiration increased as the cystic component increased, ranging from 15.3% in solid nodules to 59.3% in predominant cystic nodules (cystic >75%). Upon the binary logistic regression analysis, the predominant cystic nodule was the only significant predictor of unsatisfactory result (p-value < 0.001) while solid nodules, predominant solid nodules and solid-cystic nodules are not significant. Unsatisfactory FNAC result of the predominant cystic nodules was about 8 times higher than the solid nodule (crude odds ratio = 8.087, p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion: To optimize the usefulness of FNAC,we should realize that solid-cystic composition of the thyroid nodules influence the non-diagnostic and diagnostic cytology.
Two Case Reports of Madelungûs Disease: CT Finding.
Authors: Buranachokpaisan Chanpen
Published: August 2021

Madelungûs disease or Benign symmetric lipomatosis is the rare disease that is the one of differential diagnosis of palpable neck mass that easily diagnosis by CT imaging. We report two cases of this condition and review the radiological findings.
Appropriateness of pediatric CT utilization in clinical practice
Authors: Trinavarat Panruethai , Pisuchpen Nisanard , Petcharunpaisan Sasitorn , Sosothikul Darintr , Deerojanawong Jitladda , Veeravigrom Montida , Amornfa Jiraporn , Vejchapipat Paisarn , Riccabona Michael
Published: August 2021

Background: Justification of imaging investigations is important, particularly in pediatrics underwent investigation using a relatively higher radiation such as CT, due to the higher radiation sensitivity of children.

Objective: To assess the difference of viewpoints between pediatric physicians and pediatric radiologists on the appropriateness of pediatric CT utilization in a tertiary-care university hospital with limited MR capacity.

Methods: Pediatric medical records of head CT, chest CT, and abdominal CT were retrospectively reviewed in consecutive date of the examination until having 100 head CTs and 100 body CTs with complete clinical and imaging information. The physicians and the radiologists were asked to suggest the imaging modality of choice for each patient according to the given data, regardless of the hospital’s limitation. If the suggested modality of choice was not CT, the CT request would be considered as “inappropriate”. They additionally scored the CT appropriateness, firstly using individual judgement, and secondly using the ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Both scoring methods used the same rating scale from 1 to 9; score 1-3 was considered “inappropriate”.

Results: From the viewpoint of the physicians and radiologists, the number of inappropriate CT request was 20% and 54% according to “the modality of choice”, 2.5% and 17% according to “individual judgement”, 12% and 22% according to the “ACR Appropriateness Criteria”. The main difference was not from no indication for imaging but from the selected modality of imaging. The radiologists suggested 52% of head CTs and 64% of abdominal CTs could have been replaced by MRI if available.

Conclusion: There are ten-percent disagreement on appropriateness of pediatric CT request between physicians and the radiologists when using the same guidelines and considering the hospital limitation.
Barium granuloma in peritoneal cavity and right scrotal sac mimicking a germ cell tumor
Authors: Kritsaneepaiboon Supika , Sangkhathat Surasak , Kanjanapradit Kanet
Published: August 2021

Colonic perforation after barium enema is rare. We present a case of 6-month-old boy with palpable mass at left sided abdomen and right sided scrotum. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) showed calcified masses at Cul de sac and right scrotum with intraperitoneal fat infiltration mimicking germ cell tumor. Preexisting colonic wall injury or trauma and exposed to barium enema procedure can help to correct diagnosis and obviate unnecessary surgery.
MR lymphangiography in lymphedema
Authors: Limphanudom Sitthiphan , Boonsin Piyatida
Published: August 2021

Lymphedema is a chronic disorder, defined as progressive and excessive accumulation of protein-rich fluid, inflammation and fibrosis in the interstitial space, resulting from impaired lymphatic drainage. It is vulnerable to misdiagnosis and has been badly reputed as an incurable disease. Nowadays, the lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) is microsurgical technique for bypassing the obstructed segment of the lymphatic pathway into the venous system. MR lymphangiography (MRL) is an advance imaging technique using 3D volumetric contrast-enhanced MR angiography with high temporal and spatial resolution, which can evaluate both anatomy and function of the lymphatic system. It is a quick less invasive imaging technique, which aids in diagnosis, preoperative evaluation and follow up. For the experience and technical detail of MRL in PSU will be described in this article.
Four pulse sequences necessary for liver MRI interpretation
Authors: Brown Linda
Published: August 2021

MRI is the best imaging modality for detection and characterization of liver masses. There are multiple pulse sequences used in MRI and they can be confusing and difficult to understand. Therefore, four important pulse sequences are introduced in this article in order to simplify the seemingly complex pulse sequences, and allow general radiologists and clinicians of all specialties to approach MRI of liver masses with ease.
Renal complication of crizotinib: Crizotinib-associated complex renal cyst
Authors: Jutidamrongphan Warissara , Puttawibul Pimporn
Published: August 2021

Crizotinib is one of the first generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) and is recently found to be associated with the development of complex renal cysts with inconclusive explanation up to this time. Hereby, we discuss the hypothesis of Crizotinib-associated complex renal cyst development and coexisting renal impairment after initiation of the treatment in a 75-year-old man with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer whose complex renal cysts evolved after initiation and cessation of Crizotinib treatment. The coexistence as renal impairment persisted even after switching from Crizotinib to Ceritinib.
Atraumatic splenic rupture in chronic pancreatitis with successful embolization
Authors: Abdul Salam Anooja , Pearch Ben , Sorger Lisa
Published: August 2021

Atraumatic splenic rupture is uncommon but it is a life threatening condition because of hypovolemic shock. Early recognition and treatment are the keys to asuccessful outcome. We report a case of atraumatic splenic rupture secondary to chronic pancreatitis treated successfully by splenic artery embolization.
COVID-19 pneumonia: The first two chest CTs in the Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute
Authors: Kongpanya Panyaros , Vongthawatchai Parichut , Atiburanakul Priyanut , Panitanum Nayot , Suttha Patama
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread rapidly around the world. We reported the first two cases of COVID-19 pneumonia who had the chest computed tomography (CT) performed at the Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute (BIDI). The chest CT findings in the two patients with COVID-19 pneumonia showed bilateral lung involvement, multifocal involvement, peripheral distribution, ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and GGOwith interlobular septal thickening (“crazy-paving” pattern). The chest CT findings in these patients are nonspecific and overlapped with other diseases.
Abdominal CT radiation dose optimization at Siriraj Hospital
Authors: Apisarnthanarak Piyaporn , Buranont Chosita , Boonma Chulaluck , Janpanich Sureerat , Suwatananonthakij Tarntip , Klinhom Atchariya , Muangsomboon Kobkun , Teerasamit Wanwarang , Suvannnarerg Voraparee , Saiviroonporn Pairash
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE: To compare radiation dose and image quality between standard dose abdominal CT currently performed at our hospital and new low dose abdominal CT using various percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) of Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASiR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively performed low dose abdominal CT (30% reduction of standard tube current) in 119 participants. The low dose CT images were post processed with four parameters (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) of ASiR. The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) of standard and low dose CT were compared. Four experienced abdominal radiologists independently assessed the quality of low dose CT with aforementioned ASiR parameters using a 5-point-scale satisfaction score (1 = unacceptable, 2 = poor, 3 = average, 4 = good, and 5 = excellent image quality) by using prior standard dose CT as a reference of excellent image quality (5). Each reader selected the preference ASiR parameter for each participant. The image noise of the liver and the aorta in all 5 (1 prior standard dose and 4 current low dose) image sets was measured.    
RESULTS: The mean CTDIvol of low dose CT was significantly lower than of standard dose CT (7.17 ± 0.08 vs 12.02 ±1.61 mGy, p<0.001). The mean satisfaction scores for low dose CT with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% ASiR were 3.95, 3.99, 3.91 and 3.87, respectively with the ranges of 3 to 5 in all techniques. The preferred ASiR parameters of each participant randomly selected by each reader were varied, depending on the readers’ opinions. The mean image noise of the aorta on standard dose CT and low dose CT with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% ASiR was 29.07, 36.97, 33.92, 31.49, and 29.11, respectively, while the mean image noise of the liver was 24.60, 30.21, 28.33, 26.25, and 24.32, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Low dose CT with 30% reduction of standard mA had acceptable image quality with significantly reduced radiation dose. The increment of ASiR was helpful in reducing image noise.
Shielding assessment in two computed tomography facilities in South-South Nigeria: How safe are the personnel and general public from ionizing radiation?
Authors: Omojola Akintayo Daniel , Omojola Funmilayo Ruth , Akpochafor Michael Onoriode , Adeneye Samuel Olaolu
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aims of this study were to estimate the instantaneous dose rate(IDR) and annual dose rate (ADR) to radiation staff and the general public withinthe controlled and supervised areas, respectively, to determine the shieldingdesign goals (P) of the 2 CT facilities and to determine the average annual dose(AD) to radiographer/operator in the control console during CT scans.
Materials and Methods: The equipment used in this study consisted of twonewly installed General Electric (GE) Revolution ACTs CT machines. Technicalparameters used were a thoracic/dorsal spine scan, which was rarely done in both facilities. A calibrated Inspector USB (S.E. International, Inc.) survey meter was positioned < 50 cm from each barrier at various points to determine the average shielded air kerma
Results: The average background radiation in the 2 facilities was 0.11 ?Sv/hr. The average ADR to the controlled and supervised areas in CT1 was 0.563±0.25 and 0.369±0.11 mSv/yr, respectively. Also, the average ADR to the controlled and supervised areas in CT2 were 0.410±0.28 and 0.354±0.04 mSv/yr, respectively. The average shielding design goal to the controlled and supervised areas for CT1 was 0.00898±0.0041 and 0.0059±0.0028 mSv/Week, respectively. Similarly, the average shielding design goal for the controlled and supervised areas for CT2 was 0.0066±0.0044 and 0.0057±0.0019 mSv/Week respectively. The estimated average AD to the operator in CT1 and CT2 was 2.5 and 1.3 ?Sv, respectively.
Conclusion: The average ADR and shielding design goals in the controlled and supervised areas from both CTs were within acceptable limits for radiation staff and the public.
Feasibility of virtual mock trials as a parallel teaching-assessment activity for student pharmacists at two American pharmacy programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Hsu Shih-Ying H. , Rosenberg Ettie , Truong Hoai-An , Lang Lynn , Taheri Reza
Published: August 2021

Background: Student-pharmacists forced into remote-learning by the COVID-19 pandemic participated in a Virtual Mock Trial (VMT). Objectives: Feasibility of VMTs was assessed by evaluating student VMT performance, student perceptions on technology and overall experiences.
Methods: The VMT was implemented via video conferencing technology in April 2020. Faculty-judges and student-jurors observed/rated student performance using pre-established rubrics. A post-VMT survey was administered electronically. Descriptive analyses were performed, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were conducted to compare programmes.
Results: Forty-six students from Programme A (East Coast, USA) and 89 from Programme B (West Coast, USA) participated in the VMTs. The faculty-judges’ evaluation scores for student performance ranged from 85.0% to 96.7%, while the student-jurors’ evaluation scores ranged from 68.3% to 100%. Student perceptions on the four categories regarding technology use all had means > 5 on a 7-Point Likert Scale. More than 79.0% of students rated their VMT experience positively (i.e. 6 or 7). 
Conclusions: VMT is feasible for the current pandemic remote-learning environment, and it could be replicated in other pharmacy or healthcare programmes to enrich students' active learning in virtual education.
Las Tic en las nuevas tendencias educativas
Authors: Ávila Sánchez Edgar Anacleto
Published: August 2021

En la actualidad, los recursos informáticos son considerados en la labor académica, logrando la optimización de la enseñanza aprendizaje, lo que hace evidente que las TICs alcancen un protagonismo en nuestro medio.

En esta investigación se conoce que el uso de las TIC facilita este proceso que se empieza a desarrollar desde los medios educativos privados y las escuelas públicas que garantizan la preparación de las futuras generaciones integrándose la nueva cultura: alfabetización digital, material didáctico, fuente de información, hardware de apoyo, etc.

Si bien existen diferentes tipos de aprendizaje virtual, es posible la implementación y combinar el desarrollo de múltiples roles por parte del docente y los estudiantes donde se consideren diferentes estrategias según la aplicación específica.

En este contexto, el rol que juega el docente es fundamental para analizar los escenarios en los que se desarrollarán las labores educativas integradas con las TIC, con el objetivo de que la sociedad de la información se refleje en la sociedad del conocimiento y del aprendizaje.

Por lo tanto, hay que tener en cuenta que en la gestión institucional se parte de la premisa de que, antes de llevar las TICs al aula, se requiere aplicarlos en el currículo y gestionar los procesos administrativos para darles el uso pedagógico requerido. En este sentido, los recursos informáticos están transformando la manera de enseñar y aprender.

Finalmente, se tiene como objetivo identificar los aspectos facilitadores de nuevos aprendizajes al aplicar tecnologías de la comunicación y la información.
MENDETEKSI SECARA OTOMATIS OBJEK GERAKAN BERDASARKAN GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI MATLAB
Authors:   Universitas Harapan Medan, Syahfaridzah Aldina , Panggabean Adelia Kartika , Ardiningsih Nabila Ayu
Published: August 2021

Automatically detects moving objects on a pedestrian video, each object will be detected by counting objects that appear at the beginning of the video based on a number. In detecting this object, the model used is the Gaussian Mixture Model whose performance is very effective if applied to any area that occurs in an object motion detected in the video. In this study, the Gaussian Mixture Model is used to model the background colors of each pixel. To facilitate the detection of this object, the Matlab 2016 application is also used, this application helps facilitate detection based on the size that will be adjusted according to the object to be detected.
ANALISIS PERANCANGAN SI-STOK UNTUK MENGURANGI BULLWHIP EFFECT DALAM INDUSTRI GARMEN
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, Setyowinarno Ifan , Asmoro Jeffri Dian , Amrozi Yusuf
Published: August 2021

The garment industry has a large contribution to Indonesia's exports. Currently, this industry is facing various challenges, including changes in market demand that are getting faster along with the acceleration of the development of world fashion which does not only rely on the seasons but fashion trends, causing orders for apparel to change rapidly causing the high demand for raw materials from each industrial component to become unstable. stable. The obstacle that is often encountered in the implementation of supply chain management is the lack of coordination, causing distortion of information which results in a bullwhip effect. This research uses the literature study method for data collection and the waterfall method for system design. The final result of this research is a stock information system that is expected to reduce distortion of information and clarify coordination between components in a garment industry so as to reduce the bullwhip effect and stabilize demand for raw materials from each industrial component.