bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rise and fall of the Hittite state in Central Anatolia: How, when, where, did climate intervene?
Authors: Kuzucuoğlu Catherine
Published: April 2020

Interested in the debate about climate and human societies relationships during the mid-Holocene in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM), this paper discusses climatic and cultural data for one territory in the EM (Anatolia), and one human society (Hittites) on embedded time scales (the IInd mill. BC, with a focus on its end) and space scales (central Anatolia, with a focus on southern Cappadocia). Results demonstrate the importance of such a multi-scaled approach, and of local-scaled data when studying the role of climate in man’s history. First, data on global and regional scales evidence that the second half of the IInd mill. BC was a generally dry period, dryness increasing after 1350-1300 BC, ending in a drought ca 1250-1100 BC. A regional presentation of sequences illustrates well that all environmental signals recorded in central Anatolia and surrounding regions parallel this global climatic trend. However, it also evidences a highly variable number of short alternations, intensities and timings when comparing the “small” environmental/ climatic regions forming central Anatolia. Comparison evidences the importance, beyond global climate and for the human societies, of the environmental variability and variety providing natural resources, all the more reason when a territory is constituted of neighbored “small” environmental systems multiplying resource availability in times of cultural or climatic stress. Besides, management of regular stress in fragile “small” territories may have preserved practices and production from drought accentuation, thus possibly explaining sub-regional cultural continuities and rapid neo-Hittite renewal in such territories (eg. in southern Cappadocia). Finally, archaeological/historical state of the art during the last 150 years of the Hittite Empire (1320-1170 BC) evidences that (i) internal tensions, whether political, religious, dynastic, military, and consequently economic, appear early, ca 1300-1280 BC; (ii) the Empire seems to have performed successful deeds at the end of the 2nd mill. BC; (iii) the narrative of its end between 1190-1170 BC remains veiled by archaeological and historical silence (eg. no “destruction by the Sea People”, as still too often read in the literature). In conclusion, climate degradation which paralleled cultural disorders in the EM acted in Anatolia as an external element allowing, in the context of the disruption of the EM ‘world’ trade, the end of a very (too much?) centralized system and the birth of new cultural (innovative, eg. The Beyşehir Occupation Phase) systems.
A Discussion of the origin and the Distribution Patterns of Red Lustrous Wheel-made Ware in Anatolia: Cultural Connections across the Taurus and Amanus Mountains
Authors: Kozal Ekin
Published: April 2020

Red Lustrous Wheel-made Ware is a widely distributed ware and shows cultural connections between different regions and sites of the Eastern Mediterranean. Its origin being not clarified, the overall analysis cannot be elucidated fully in its Eastern Mediterranean context. Recent studies at Kilise Tepe in Rough Cilicia, Kinet Höyük in Plain Cilicia and Alalakh in the Amuq Valley by the author yielded new results, which open a new perspective in understanding the distribution of the ware in Anatolia and in the Amuq Valley. In this article different cultural regions of Anatolia (Central Anatolia, Rough Cilicia and Plain Cilicia) and the Amuq Valley will be compared in terms of typology. An updated examination of the shapes in Anatolia and the Amuq Valley will be a step forward in contributing to the solution of the problems concerning the origin of this very specific ware.
Les rituels de la Vieille Femme Tunnawiya : témoignages du Bas Pays hittite ?
Authors: Mouton Alice
Published: April 2020

The Old Woman Tunnawiya who is known from several Hittite ritual texts could be a native of the city of Tunna/Dunna. This city is generally identified with the archaeological site of Porsuk. Although she worked in Hattusa, Tunnawiya could have transmitted the ritual tradition of the Lower Land, a region where Luwian patterns and Kizzuwatnian influence would have cohabited. I will present the main features of Tunnawiya’s rituals in a view toward comparing them both to the other Luwian rituals and to those from Kizzuwatna. This inquiry aims to determine whether specificities can be observed in Tunnawiya’s rituals. If so, those specificities could be attributed to the Lower Land ritual tradition.
Zeyve-Porsuk : réflexion sur les fouilles des niveaux hellénistiques et romains à partir de la datation de la nécropole
Authors: Lebreton Stéphane
Published: April 2020

The result of a 14C analysis of bones from a tomb in the necropolis of Porsuk leads to a drastic reconsideration of the date proposed so far for this funerary ensemble. This reconsideration gives the opportunity to question our archaeological practices and ways of thinking about the site.
Beyond the myth of the Cilician Gates. The ancient road network of Central and Southern Cappadocia
Authors: Turchetto Jacopo
Published: April 2020

Central and southern Cappadocia could very well have served as a major hub within the context of the ancient communication system of Anatolia. The whole district was, indeed, passed through by a series of routes, which effectively linked east and west, as well as south and north. The ‘southern’ road leading from Iconium/Konya to Podandos/Pozantı and the Cilician Gates, running across the Çakıt Suyu valley, ensured smooth and easy communication between the Anatolian plateau and the Mediterranean shores of Cilicia. The ‘northern’ highway, from Iconium/Konya to Colonia Archelais/Aksaray and Mazaka/Caesarea/ Kayseri, connected the inner land to the eastern boundary of Anatolia and especially to the Euphrates district. Another historically important road from Mazaka/Caesarea/Kayseri to Podandos/Pozantı and the Cilician Gates joined the former route to the latter, closing that sort of wide and ideal ‘road triangle’ – whose vertexes being Konya, Kayseri and Pozantı – which has really characterized that frontier territory, and which this paper tries to describe.
Significato e ruolo strategico-culturale di Tyana in Cappadocia tra mito, Antonini e Selgiuchidi
Authors: Rosada Guido , Lachin Maria Teresa
Published: April 2020

The topographical location of Tyana in Cappadocia played an important role in the history of the site. Probably since the most ancient times, but certainly in Roman times (especially from the reign of the Antonines) the site was indeed a link between the south-central Anatolia and the southeast as well as to the Cilician coast. This localisation has become, with Antonins and after the adventure of Pescennius Niger, crucial in the strategic and military control of the main road that came from the Cilician Gates.This was confirmed when Tyana became metropolitan diocese of Cappadocia, during the 5th century, and again occupied an intermediary position between the East and the western regions of southern Anatolia. Later still, towards the year 1000, the region of Tyana became a frontier land (sometimes seen as “external land / Aussenland”), but also a land of military and cultural osmosis between Byzantium and the Arab world.
Neue Grabstele aus dem Dorf Elemanlı in Kappadokien
Authors: Baz Ferit
Published: April 2020

In this text, new grave monuments that were found in the village of Elemanlı in the years 2009-2010 are presented. The mentioned village, which lies on the city territory of Hierapolis, is located 14 km northeast of the Tufanbeyli county and about 4 km northwest of the ancient city of Hierapolis in Cappadocia. So far, some Roman milestones and grave steles from this village have been discovered, which have already been published. The reason for the existence of the local epigraphic findings stems from the fact that Elemanlı is immediately located near Hierapolis and a pathway from Caesarea to Hierapolis passes by this village. It is quite likely that the existence of ancient farms and cemeteries stretched to the village Elemanlı. Although the exact sites of the mentioned grave steles are not known, all of them are likely to be attributed to the ancient settlement of Hierapolis along with its territory. They increase the stock of inscriptions of Hierapolis and its territory that are compiled and published in 2007 by the author.
Didactic-pedagogical prescriptions for physical education in the periodical press of teaching and techniques (1932-1960)
Authors: Carvalho Lucas Oliveira Rodrigues de , Cassani Juliana Martins , Ferreira Neto Amarílio , Santos Wagner dos
Published: April 2020

The objective of the study was to analyze the articles published by the periodical press of education and techniques (19321960), whose purpose was to prescribe the teaching of Physical Education. It has, as a source, the Revista de Educação Física and Revista Educação Physica, and uses, as theoretical and methodological assumptions, studies on the analysis of printed matter. The results indicate that, within the sources, there were similar ways of prescribing the teaching of Physical Education. In that, as it is inserted and consolidated in school curricula, it has also been elaborated ways of signifying it, with the teaching role as the central place to strengthen its schooling project. The publication of didactic-pedagogical prescriptions evidenced the contributions of different groups of writers and institutions to systematize a new discipline centered on the nature and specificity of their knowledge, offering the necessary subsidies for their stay in school. These printed consisted of devices of didactic-pedagogical use, collaborating with the formation of the teachers that would act with the teaching of Physical Education in the school.
Physical fitness of elderly persons with systemic arterial hypertension users of academies of the third age of Maringá-pr
Authors: Vicentini de Oliveira Daniel , Lopes Giacomin Leonardo , Dias Antunes Mateus , Laranjeira Granja Carla Thamires , Cerqueira da Silva Eliakim , Miranda Oliveira Nascimento Kácia Valéria , Andrade do Nascimento Júnior José Roberto
Published: April 2020

This study investigated the physical fitness of elderly hypertensive users of the fitness zones  of the city of Maringá-PR. The subjects were 79 male and female elderly users of 13 fitness zones located in the city of Maringá-PR, with a diagnosis of Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH). A semistructured questionnaire was used to identify the sociodemographic and health profile. Resting blood pressure and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured. The arm flexion and the chair lift and sit tests were used to assess muscle strength and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to identify the physical activity level. The results showed active / very active elderly, with controlled blood pressure, low sedentary behavior index and high limb strength, but with BMI representing overweight and low limb strength. Men presented higher body mass values ​​(p = 0.020); however, other factors related to physical fitness did not show a statistically significant difference between male and female elders. It was concluded that  male and female elderly with a diagnosis of SAH, users of fitness zones presented excellent levels of physical activity, associated with good health behaviors, low sedentary behavior and controlled blood pressure.
Oito semanas de intervenção coordenativa é capaz de modular a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em idosos?
Authors: Gonçalves Cleuber Souza , Lemos Natália Batista Albuquerque Goulart , Lima Graciano Joan Xavier de , Silva Lorenna Walesca de Lima , Landim Juliana Moreira Paes , Carvalho André Brito , Junior Etevaldo Dantas Coelho , Lemos Fernando de Aguiar
Published: April 2020

Diversas intervenções têm sido relatadas na literatura com intuito de modular o comportamento da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) em idosos. Entretanto a maioria deles são focados em capacidades físicas condicionantes. Pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos que um treinamento coordenativo estruturado em circuitos pode promover na VFC de idosos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito de 8 semanas de uma intervenção coordenativa sob aspectos autonômicos de idosos. 26 sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos. Um grupo (N=13) com Abordagem Coordenativa em Circuito (GACC) e outro grupo (N=13) que realizou Caminhada Recreacional (GCR). Para a mensuração da VFC foi utilizado um cardiofrequencímentro. Para avaliação motora foi utilizado um Circuito Motor Modelo que consistiu em 8 exercícios de coordenação. Para avaliação da aptidão física funcional foi utilizada a bateria de Fullerton. Após 8 semanas de intervenção tanto as variáveis da VFC como as variáveis motoras não diferiram entre os grupos. Porém quando observado os momentos pré e pós intervenção foi encontrado, apenas no GCR um aumento na variável High Frequency, 5 minutos após Circuito Motor Modelo. Nossos resultados indicaram que oito semanas de uma intervenção coordenativa não foi suficiente para gerar alterações no comportamento da VFC dos idosos.
Association between early life factors and accelerometry-based physical activity measures in children aged 5-7 years old
Authors: Andrade Maria Laura Siqueira de Souza , Hardman Carla Menêses , Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes de
Published: April 2020

The present study aims to verify if there is an association between early life factors (birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, birth order and preterm birth) and accelerometry-based physical activity measures in children aged 5 to 7 years old. It is a cross-sectional study carried out with children from public and private schools in Recife, Brazil. A questionnaire was applied to the children's parents. Of the 784 children participating in the study, 491 had at least three days of valid monitoring. It was possible to identify that the children classified as the fourth ones, as to birth order, or over, were 83% less likely to have a low percentage of daily time spent on moderate-intensity physical activities compared to firstborns (OR = 0.17; 0.03-0.80). Only birth order was negatively associated with low percentage of daily time spent on moderate physical activities, even after adjustment for confounding factors.
CAPACIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE E COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS DOS FRUTOS DE Pouteria glomerata (LARANJINHA-DE-PACU)
Authors: Tonin Lilian Tatiani Dusman , Teixeira Bruna Schoenberger , Suzuki Rúbia Michele
Published: April 2020

As plantas do gênero Pouteria, família Sapotaceae, têm sido muito utilizadas na alimentação e também na medicina popular. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a polpa da laranjinha-de-pacu (Pouteria glomerata) coletados no Município de Rosana – SP, devido à ausência de estudos químicos com esta fruta. A acidez titulável e pH da fruta, indicaram seu potencial de consumo e industrialização. Os teores de compostos bioativos, encontrados neste estudo, demonstraram que a laranjinha-de-pacu pode ser considerada fonte de vitamina C e de compostos bioativos que apresentam atividade antioxidante elevada, afirmando a qualidade nutricional da fruta. Os teores encontrados em mg 100 g-1 foram: flavonoides amarelos 9,63 ± 0,22, antocianinas 0,65 ± 0,14, carotenoides 0,93 ± 0,08 e vitamina C 34,87 ± 0,59. A polpa foi extraída com água, EtOH 95%, MeOH 80% e MeOH/Ace para avaliação da influência do solvente na extração de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides e atividade antioxidante. O maior teor de compostos fenólicos foi obtido para os extratos MeOH/Ace (48,61 ± 1,37 mg EAG 100g-1) e EtOH 95% (38,55 ± 0,90 mg EAG 100g-1) e para flavonoides totais não observou-se diferença significativa entre os quatro extratos analisados, variando de 12,23 a 15,40 mg ERT 100 g-1. A avaliação da atividade antioxidante pelos métodos de sequestro dos radicais livres DPPH e ABTS revelou o solvente MeOH 80% como o mais ativo para as duas concentrações testadas (200 e 20 mg mL-1). Nossos estudos demonstram a importância do incentivo no consumo desta fruta, por ser boa fonte de compostos bioativos apresentando efeitos benéficos para a saúde humana.
ESTUDO DO COMPORTAMENTO DE VIGAS DE CONCRETO ARMADAS A FLEXÃO COM ARMADURAS NÃO-METÁLICAS DE GFRP
Authors: Dalfré Glaucia Maria , Duarte Escobal Mazzu Amanda
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho baseia-se na substituição de barras de aço convencional por barras de GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) em estruturas de concreto armado. Foram dimensionadas, à flexão, vigas de concreto armadas com barras de aço, as quais seguiram a recomendação da norma ACI 318 (ACI, 2019), e vigas de concreto armadas com barras de GFRP com o uso da recomendação ACI 440.1R (ACI, 2015), a fim de se estudar, comparativamente, a capacidade de carga e o modo de ruptura destes elementos. Cotações de preços foram realizadas para a comparação dos custos de execução das vigas. Foi possível concluir que, com taxas de armadura equivalentes, verifica-se que uso de barras de GFRP leva a obtenção de capacidades resistentes superiores entre 177 e 113% para as mesmas seções dimensionadas com aço convencional. Quando se considera o mesmo diâmetro para as barras de GFRP e aço, percebe-se que as que vigas armadas com aço CA-50 apresentam capacidade resistente 20% superior à das vigas armadas com barras de GFRP. Com relação ao modo de ruptura, o das vigas armadas com barras de aço convencionais é baseado no escoamento da armadura, enquanto aquelas armadas com barras de GFRP é baseada na ruptura das barras à tração ou no esmagamento do concreto comprimido. Por fim, os custos de execução das vigas armadas com barras de GFRP, em curto prazo, são maiores do que os custos de execução de vigas armadas com barras de aço. Entretanto, é necessário avaliar os possíveis custos com manutenção das estruturas, dado que as vigas armadas com barras de GFRP são mais resistentes às condições de agressividade do ambiente e apresentam menores custos de manutenção quando se leva em conta a vida útil de projeto das estruturas de concreto armado.
ANÁLISE DA PENETRAÇÃO DE CLORETOS EM CONCRETOS AUTOADENSÁVEIS COM BAIXO CONSUMO DE CIMENTO
Authors: Da Silva Barboza Lucas , Eliane Janoelo Ramos
Published: April 2020

Atualmente, a durabilidade das estruturas pode ser avaliada por meio de inspeções visuais, ensaios laboratoriais ou in loco. Para avaliar a penetração de agentes agressivos no interior do concreto existem métodos colorimétricos, os quais são visuais e possuem baixo custo e fácil aplicação. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a penetração de íons cloreto no Concreto Autoadensável com Baixo Consumo de Cimento (CAABCC), o qual possui um consumo de cimento 17% menor em comparação ao Concreto Autoadensável de Referência (CAAR). Para análise, os corpos de prova foram submersos em uma solução de cloreto de sódio a 3,0% e nas idades de 3, 7, 28 e 90 dias foram rompidos à tração por compressão diametral e na superfície dos concretos foi aspergida uma solução de nitrato de prata, método colorimétrico no qual diferencia as regiões com e sem presença de cloretos. O CAABCC apresentou um melhor desempenho quanto a resistência aos íons cloretos em comparação com o CAAR, tendo um diferencial de 32% nas idades de 28 e 90 dias.
Letter from the Director
Authors: Tschirhart Dr. Mary
Published: April 2020

Letter from the Director of the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, Dr. Mary Tschirhart
The Merit in Performance Pay: How Changing Teacher Compensation Can Increase the Supply of Quality Educators
Authors: Pellerin Emma
Published: April 2020

There is no question that classrooms in US public schools do not function without an adult responsible for facilitating student learning. There is less agreement, however, regarding what constitutes quality instruction or what credentials an instructor should have in order to be considered a certified teacher. Low enrollment in teacher preparation programs combined with increasing teacher turnover rates have created a shortage of quality educators in districts across the country for high-need schools and subject areas. Educators, labor activists, and politicians have called for teacher compensation reform as a way to increase the teacher retention rate. This article summarizes research on the impact of individual and group incentive pay schemes on student achievement, reviews alternative financial incentives to retain exceptional educators, and evaluates policy proposals to improve teacher salaries from current and former 2020 presidential candidates.
Medicare for All, One Organ at a Time: How Disease Entitlement Can Work for Diabetes
Authors: Richman Eli
Published: April 2020

While Richard Nixon may not spring to mind as a Medicare for All pioneer, his groundbreaking healthcare innovation that expanded Medicare entitlement for renal disease, regardless of a patient's age, demonstrates a viable path for expanding Medicare coverage today. This highly successful program provided dialysis or transplantation to over one million patients with kidney disease and became known as socialized medicine for an organ. In addition to extending patients' lives, the program proved that Medicare can be structured to cover people with specific diagnoses, not just those in distinct age groups. This paper argues that the United States could use the same model to expand Medicare coverage to other expensive diseases, particularly diabetes. Not only would this ease diabetics' financial burden, it would also reduce costs for private insurance companies, potentially allowing them to offer less expensive plans than are currently available. This paper demonstrates the need for such a program by examining the high cost of diabetes treatment and provides a cost estimate for such a program. The paper concludes that diabetes entitlement is a viable option for expanding Medicare and improving the US healthcare system.
The role of natriuretic peptide estimation in severe COVID-19
Authors: Mahajan Kunal , Negi Prakash
Published: April 2020

Since its inception in Wuhan in December 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shattered the economies and health-care infrastructures worldwide. Even the best of health-care systems (United States, Italy) have been overwhelmed and collapsed because of this unprecedented pandemic. India is preparing itself for the onslaught of Coronavirus. After recording its first case on January 30th, 2020, the rise was slow until the last week of March. However, since then, the number of cases has increased exponentially, and as on April 14th, 2020, there have been more than 10,000 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in India, which has resulted in more than 350 deaths.
A colour atlas of small animal dermatology
Authors: Van Heerden J.
Published: April 2020

No abstract available.
Diagnostic parasitology for veterinary technicians
Authors: Penzhorn B. L.
Published: April 2020

No abstract available.
Evaluation of platelet-rich fibrin and platelet-rich plasma in impacted mandibular third molar extraction socket healing and bone regeneration: A split-mouth comparative study
Authors: Bhujbal Ravi , Veerabhadrappa Suresh Kandagal , Yadav Seema , Chappi Mouneshkumar , Patil Vinay
Published: April 2020

Objective: To compare the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in postoperative extraction socket healing, pain, swelling, and bone regeneration after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: The present split-mouth comparative study was conducted on 20 patients undergoing bilateral identical mandibular third molar extraction. PRF was placed on the right side of the third molar extraction socket, and PRP was placed on the contralateral side. Evaluation of soft tissue healing, pain, and swelling was carried out on immediate postoperative and on the 1st day, 3rd day, and 7th day. Radiological bone density was assessed on the 3rd and 6th months postoperatively. Results: Soft tissue healing was better in PRF site. The postoperative pain scores in PRF site were less compared with PRP site; however, there was no significant difference between immediate postoperative period (P < 0.15), 1st day (P < 0.96), 3rd day (P < 0.58), and 7th day (P < 0.78). Measurement of swelling on the 1st day (P < 0.0020) and 3rd day (P < 0.0010) showed significant difference on PRF site, but it ceases to nonsignificant on the 7th day (P < 1.00). Postoperative mean bone density at the 3rd and 6th months was higher in PRF site, which was statistically significant (P < 0.00001). Conclusion: Our results showed a significant improvement in the soft tissue wound healing and increase in bone density in PRF site than PRP site. There was significant reduction of the swelling found on the 1st and 3rd day at PRF site as compared to the PRP site. Although the postoperative pain scores were less in PRF site, this was not statistically significant among the two groups.
Effect of plant-extract disinfectant solutions on the specific properties of reinforced maxillofacial silicone elastomers with nanofiller and intrinsic pigment
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Faiza Mohammed Hussain
Published: April 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of disinfectant solutions, namely, the alcoholic extract of Salvadora persica L. (A1 = 10% and A2 = 15%) and chlorhexidine digluconate (A3 = 2%), on the tear strength and hardness of room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) VST50F and heat temperature vulcanizing (HTV) Cosmesil M511 silicone elastomers before and after reinforcement with nanofillers (TiO2) and intrinsic pigment. Materials and Methods: A total of 320 specimens were prepared, with 160 specimens each for RTV and HTV silicone. Forty specimens were evaluated before disinfection and divided into two equal groups, namely, control (without additive) and experimental (with additive) groups, for tear strength and hardness tests. The 120 specimens were divided into three equal groups, with two equal subdivisions for tear strength and hardness tests, and were evaluated after disinfection. ANOVA and Tukey's honest significant difference tests were conducted for group comparisons (significance level set at P < 0.05). Results: The tear strength of all groups decreased after disinfection, with the highest values in the experimental group. Most comparisons showed significant differences. A1 exhibited no significant effect on the tear strength and hardness of the HTV control and the hardness of the RTV experimental specimen. The hardness of the HTV control was not significantly affected by A3. A1 with A3 did not significantly affect the tear strength and hardness of the RTV control and the tear strength of the RTV experimental specimen. The results of comparisons between A1 and A2, and A1 and A3 in the HTV tear strength of the experimental group and the A2 and A3 of the control and experimental groups were not significant. Conclusions: S. persica L. can be used as a natural disinfectant agent. The reinforcement of maxillofacial silicone prosthesis can extend its survival duration.
Pharmacists: Safeguards Between Older People and Their Psychotropic Medications
Authors: Alderman Chris
Published: April 2020

Now, more than ever, older people need pharmacists to protect them from medication-related problems inherent to psychotropic drugs. It is clear that, because of their specific training and technical knowledge in the area of pharmacotherapy, pharmacists have a logical place in any multidisciplinary
context where drug treatment is prescribed???and always will be.
On the Pharmacy Radar: COViD-19 and Older People
Authors: Alderman Chris
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic presents many medical and social issues for older people. Presented here is a range of information arising from related areas that have impact upon the safety and efficacy of drug therapy in the context of COVID-19. Issues include pharmacy practice, clinical therapeutics,
and possible new treatments for the virus. More information will be published in coming issues of The Senior Care Pharmacist.
Anxiety Disorders in Older People
Authors: Scinto Krystal , Wick Jeannette Y.
Published: April 2020

Anxiety disorders may be the most common mental disorder among older people. Experts estimate the prevalence of anxiety to be between 1.2% and 15% in community samples and 1% and 28% in medical settings. These patients manifest the symptoms of anxiety, and they are also at risk for
increased disability, decreased health-related quality of life, and possibly mild cognitive impairment. For this reason, it is important for pharmacists to understand the challenges in assessing anxiety and the treatment options that are safe and effective for older people. Additionally, pharmacists
must be able to communicate well with these patients despite their tendency to perseverate and fixate.
Drug-Induced Kidney Disease Associated With Selected Antibiotics
Authors: Alvarez Alexia S. , Oyerinde Oluseyi , Reinert Justin P.
Published: April 2020

Structural and functional degeneration of the kidneys occur as the human body ages, making oler people especially susceptible to the consequences of acute kidney injury. Furthermore, the use of nephrotoxic agents, combined with the increased incidence of acute kidney injury and likelihood
of an intensive-care unit admission, makes geriatric patients prone to develop drug-induced kidney disease. Vancomycin is routinely used as the first-line treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but is known to be nephrotoxic; studies have shown that an early switch from
vancomycin to alternatives does not necessarily prevent renal insult. Therefore, we aim to discuss the mechanisms of drug-induced kidney disease with regard to vancomycin, daptomycin, and ceftaroline and to provide insight as to their safety profiles with regard to older people. A clear understanding
of this topic will aid clinicians in selecting drug therapy and may lead to shortened hospital stays, lower hospital costs, and improved outcomes of critically ill older people.
Интерполяция протоквантовых пространств
Authors: Aristov Oleg Yurevich , Volosova Nina Vladimirovna
Published: April 2020

Мы рассматриваем метод комплексной интерполяции для протоквантовых пространств и строим с его помощью $\mathcal{L}^p$-протоквантование произвольного нормированного пространства для $1<p<\infty$.
Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Biji Buah Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Pada Pembuatan Pakan Ikan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Sintasan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Lahay Yuslita , Hasim Hasim , Syamsudin Syamsudin
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung biji buah nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) terhadap pertumbuhan dan sintasan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode percobaan (eksperimen). Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah benih ikan nila dengan ukuran panjang ± 5.2 cm dan berat ± 2.23 gram sebanyak 120 ekor. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah perbedaan dosis pemberian pakan berbahan dasar tepung biji buah nangka, yaitu perlakuan A (5%), B (7%), C (9%) dan D (11%). Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan selama 4 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan berbahan dasar tepung biji nangka dan tepung ikan dengan dosis berbeda tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan nila.Sintasan terbaik dihasilkan pada pemberian pakan dengan dosis 5 %.
Mangrove Diversity and Distribution Based on Substrates Type in Coastal Coast of Syoribo Village East Numfor District Biak Numfor District Papua Province
Authors: Rambu Laurensius Peri , Runtuboi Ferawati , Loinenak Frida A.
Published: April 2020

One of the mangrove forest area in Numfor Island is the Syoribo Coastal Coast currently the destruction of mangrove ecosystems is increasingly widespread due to the opening of land to be used as residential and development areas so that there is a reduction in the area of mangrove forests. The research was conducted in April 2018 at the Syoribo Village Coastal Coast of East Numfor District of Biak Numfor District of Papua Province. This study aims to analyze the types and distribution of mangroves, Analyze the composition of species and structure of mangrove vegetation (density, frequency, and dominance), Analyze the mangrove habitat is environmental condition affecting mangrove growth, Analyze texture of substrate which is overgrown by mangrove, Analyze the linkage between mangrove density and substrate texture found. The method used in this study is by combination between path method and line method then substrate analysis was conducted in laboratory. The results showed that in the four observation transects in 7 mangroves species were Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Avicennia alba, and Xylocarpus granatum. The highest value index for tree, sapling and seedlings is the highest Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (197,82%), (160,71%), and (166,36%). Environmental conditions that affect mangrove growth are average temperature (27,6 0C – 29,4 0C), Salinity (6 ‰ – 24,3 ‰), Density (0,004 – 0,014), pH (7,12 – 7,57). The texture of the substrate overgrown by mangroves on the Syoribo, East Numfor have substrate criteria are dust silty clay loam, Silt Loam and sandy loam. Modeling the relationship between the density of tree level, spling, and seedling mangroves with substrate using multiple regression shows a close relationship between the two variables.
Biological Aspects of Squids (loligo sp.) Caught by Fishermen in Manokwari Waters
Authors: Ayorbaba Amida E , Widiastuti Nurhani , Ananta Arnoldus S. , Boli Paulus
Published: April 2020

Squid (Loligo sp.) is one of the fisheries commodities caught in Manokwari waters. The aim of this study was to determine the biological aspects of Loligo sp. including the sex ratio, size distribution, growth pattern, and the lengthy relationship of Loligo sp. from Manokwari waters. This research was conducted in January until March 2017, in three landing sites of squid (Loligo sp) namely Fanindi Pantai, Borobudur and Arowi village. The method used is observation technique in the laboratory includes measurements of length and weight to find out the size distribution and growth pattern of captured Loligo sp. and surgery to determine the sex ratio. The male-female sex ratio of Loligo sp. was 1.3: 1.0 with a range of coat length and wight dominated by male. The growth pattern of Loligo sp in Manokwari waters is negative allometric, where the length increase is faster than the weight gain.
Cost of Capital and Corporate Earning of Nigeria Quoted Firms: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Quoted Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Lucky Lucky Anyike
Published: April 2020

This study examined cost of capital and corporate earning of quoted firms in Nigeria. The objective was to examine the effect of short term, medium term and long term cost of capital on earnings per share. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of twenty quoted firms from 2011-2016. Earnings per share was proxy for dependent variable while cost of trade  credit, cost of short term bank loans, cost of commercial paper, cost of banker acceptance, cost of line of credit, cost of revolving credit, cost of hire purchase, cost of operating lease, cost of debt, cost of preference share and cost of equity are proxy for independent variables. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed and random   effect models. Findings reveals that cost of short term and cost of long term have significant relationship with corporate earning while cost of medium term have no significant effect on corporate earnings. It recommends the need for corporate strategies that will reduce cost of capital.
Capital Structure Theories in Finance Research: A Historical Review
Authors: Ferdous Lutfa T
Published: April 2020

Capital structure in one of the most converse and vital issues in the finance literature. This theoretical review of capital structure provides a synthesis of the theory utilised in capital structure literature. This theoretical review explains two categories of theories that examine the optimum capital structure of a firm. Functional market theories, which propose firms conduct share transaction without being used transaction costs and ii) costly transaction theories. The first group consists of the original capital structure theories of Modigliani and Miller (1958, 1963), Miller (1977), and De Angelo and Masulis (1980). The second range of theories captures the various effects of costly capital market transactions: Pecking Order Theory" accredited to Donaldson (1961); the debt capacity theories that depend on bankruptcy to limit a firm's use of debt financing (Robicheck and Myers, 1966) the agency models developed by Jensen and Meckling (1976), Myers (1977), Smith and Warner (1979); and signalling model by Ross (1977). Recent capital structure literature explored into an analytical structure building up the major contributions starting with the development of agency and bankruptcy theory. These theories are connected with the outcome from financing choices to real debt-equity decisions. Finally, we finish our review with established studies that explore the significances of leverage- equity relationship, as well as its determinants.
Epidemiological and Morphological Characteristics of Urothelial Bladder Cancer in a Bulgarian and a French Sample of Patients
Authors: Gulinac Milena , Dikov Dorian , Velikova Ts.
Published: April 2020

Bladder carcinoma (BC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system in developed countries, and it is also characterized by a high number of recurrences and progression rates despite multimodal treatment. BC is a biological and clinically heterogeneous tumor with a great propensity of divergent differentiation. Around the world, bladder cancer is responsible for 549.000 new cases и 200.000 deaths each year. In Bulgaria, bladder carcinoma is the 18th most common neoplasia. Our results on 105 proven bladder carcinoma cases confirmed that this tumor arises at 70 years at average (60-90 years), it affects men predominantly and there was no difference regarding the nationality of patients. In conclusion, it remains a diagnostic challenge.
Entrepreneurial Intention among Postgraduate Students in Nigerian Universities: Conceptual Review
Authors: Idris Adamu Abdullahi
Published: April 2020

Governments in most developing countries are doing their best to ensure that graduates who are not employed should engage in entrepreneurship activities which can go a long way in reducing the problem of unemployment among the youths. Nigeria is among one of those developing nations with such problem. The government has introduced some many programs and policies which are aimed at reducing poverty and will encourage self-employment among the youths. Yet, students are still lacking the intention of becoming entrepreneur. From this study, there will be need to cover the gap found in the literature and then developed a conceptual framework (from which propositions where developed. The study used factors such as entrepreneurship education, environmental factors and societal entrepreneurship attitude to explore the student’s entrepreneurial intention. These factors where adopted bases on past theoretical and empirical studies which will cover the gap and contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of literature.  Finally, this study calls upon researchers and Ministry of Education to examine this propositions on how to design a more comprehensive and benefice entrepreneurship courses and curriculum to these Nigerian universities. This will aim at preparing these students to be self-employed (entrepreneurs) which will reduce and assist the government in overcoming the problem of youth poverty and unemployment in Nigeria.
The Determinants of the Foreign Direct Investment on the Macroeconomic Variables: The Case of the Algerian Economy
Authors: Smahi Ahmed
Published: April 2020

Foreign direct investment in Algeria as a percentage of GDP represented 0.9% during the last decade. The goal of this study is to assess the effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Algerian economy through an empirical analysis by applying the bounds testing ARDL and ECM-ARDL using annual data for the period 1970-2014. As far as the role of FDI is concerned, we shall try to highlight its effect that may show causal relationships to non-hydrocarbon GDP, non-hydrocarbon export, industry and employment in long run. Our estimation of an ARDL model indicates that the political and macroeconomic stability are not enough to attract FDI to help non-hydrocarbon sectors drive economic growth.
Poverty, Income Inequality and Growth in Bangladesh: Revisited Karl-Marx
Authors: Chowdhury Md Niaz Murshed , Hossain Md. Mobarak
Published: April 2020

This study tries to find the relationship among poverty inequality and growth. It also tries to connect the Karl Marx’s thoughts on functional income distribution and inequality in capitalism. Using the Household Income and Expenditure Survey of 2010 and 2016 this study attempt to figure out the relationship among them. The incidence of poverty in Bangladesh is one of topmost in this globe; about 25% of the population is living under poverty lines and 12.3% of its population is living under the extreme poverty line. The major finding of this study is poverty has reduced significantly from 2000 to 2016, which is more than 100% but in recent time poverty reduction has slowed down. Despite the accelerating economic growth, the income inequality also increasing where the rate of urban inequality exceed the rural income inequality. Slower and unequal household consumption growth makes sloth the rate of poverty reduction. Average annual consumption fell from 1.8% to 1.4% from 2010 to 2016 and poorer households experienced slower consumption growth compared to richer households.
Whither Financial Inclusion? Performance of Bangladesh in the 2017 Global Findex
Authors: Amit Sajid
Published: April 2020

On April 19, 2018, the third Global Findex Database was released by the World Bank at the Bank’s Spring Meetings. According to CGAP, this dataset is “the financial inclusion community’s best demand-side measure of financial inclusion globally.” Overall, the dataset points to an increasingly inclusive financial world that is also transitioning to a digital economy. Bangladesh, too, made impressive gains in certain yardsticks for financial inclusion based on this dataset. For instance, the share of people with financial accounts increased from 29 percent to 41 percent, in three years. However, financial inclusion yardsticks should go beyond opening of bank and financial accounts and also encompass usage of accounts. It is only when people are actively using their accounts will we have meaningful financial inclusion.
Leverage and Corporate Financial Distress in Nigeria: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Lucky Lucky Anyike , Michael Agilebu Ogechi
Published: April 2020

This study examined the effect leverage on corporate financial distress of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The objective is to examine if financial leverage have any effect on financial distress of the Nigeria firms. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of ten quoted manufacturing firms. Z-Score and Changes in operating profits was proxy for corporate financial distress while debt equity ratio, short, long term debt and total debt to total assets were proxy for leverage. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model.  Findings reveal that financial leverage have positive effect on financial distress measured by the z-score while total debt ratio and debt equity ratio have positive effect on financial distress measured by changes on operating profits while  short term debt and long term debt have negative effect on operating profits. From the regression summary, the study concludes that leverage have significant effect on corporate financial distress. We recommend that Financial structure of the manufacturing firms ought to be adequately planned to safeguard the interest of the equity holders, shareholders and financial requirements of the firm and the firms should formulate policies of increasing its equity capital as oppose to debt and that Implementable investment policies should be formulated and the business environment should be well examined. Recognizing faults of investment might be paramount to develop the business’s financial performance, since it specifies the loopholes which corrective decision can be applied.
Accounting Information and Stock Prices of Quoted Manufacturing Firms: Multi-variant Panel Data Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Innocent Okoro , Ibanichuka E.A.L. , Micah L.C.
Published: April 2020

This study the relationship between accounting information and the stock prices of quoted firms in Nigeria. The general objective was to examine if accounting information have any effect on market value of quoted firms.  Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of 23 manufacturing firm from 2008-2017. Stock price of the firms was modeled as a function of assets turnover rate, book value per share and debt equity ratio. Ordinary least square method of cointgration, unit root and granger causality test was used to determine the extent to which human resource cost affect quality of financial report. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model.  The study found that the independent variables explained 78 percent variation on the market value of the quoted firms. The beta coefficient of the variables indicates debt equity ratio and  assets turnover rate have positive effect on the stock prices  of the quoted firms while book value per share have negative effect on the stock prices  of the manufacturing firms. From the regression summary, the study concludes that there is significant relationship between accounting information and prices of the quoted firms. The study recommends that management of the manufacturing firms should formulate policies that will increase book value per share and internal and external factors that affect negatively the book value per share of the firms should be discouraged.
The Roles of Determinants of Self-employment: A Mediation of Entrepreneurial Motivation in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Muhammad , Abdu Shakur Mahani Bint Mohammad
Published: April 2020

Today, the problem of unemployment has been a global issue, even among the developed nations, and especially the developing nations. For this reason, the need for employment generation becomes desirably indispensable. The aim of this research work is to examine the essential roles that entrepreneurial traits and economic incentive factors would play with the mediation of entrepreneurial motivation for an effective self-employment start-up accomplishment. Self-employment has long been recognized as an alternative for individuals to become self-reliant. Thus, this is expected brings about a reduction in poverty level,  improved living standard as well as to earn more income and have a better career as a means of sustenance for potential entrepreneurs.  For this purpose, it is essentially important to make an examination of certain vital factors, which may constitute the basics necessary to effect self-employment particularly from the context of entrepreneurial traits and economic incentive factors that would motivate the potential entrepreneurs to achieve success in self-employment start-up.