bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time history iteration algorithm for offline real‐time hybrid testing
Authors: Guo Youming , Wang Haishen , Pan Peng
Published: October 2023

Real‐time hybrid testing (RTHT) is a reliable and efficient method for large‐scale dynamic testing. Unlike online RTHT, offline RTHT allows the computation of the numerical substructure independent of the loading of the experimental substructure, which has obvious advantages in terms of accuracy, stability, and cost. The existing offline RTHT method is difficult to converge in many cases and has a limited range of applications. This paper proposes a new time history iteration (THI) algorithm based on cumulative increments. The increment of the next iteration signal is determined based on the increments of all previous iteration signals. The proposed algorithm can improve the system stability and convergence speed of offline RTHT. The stabilization mechanism and effect of the key parameter were investigated by conducting a series of simulations. Physical tests were performed on structures equipped with a tuned mass damper and an active mass damper. The test results suggest that the proposed THI algorithm can simultaneously consider iterations at all time steps and solve the coupling problem in offline RTHT. The time history iteration is stable and always converges in tests when facing complex situations such as resonance, nonlinearity, closed‐loop control, and measurement noise.
Conceptual model for the formation of bedforms along subglacial meltwater corridors (SMCs) by variable ice‐water‐bed interactions
Authors: Vérité Jean , Livingstone Stephen J. , Ravier Edouard , McMartin Isabelle , Campbell Janet , Lewington Emma L. M. , Dewald Nico , Clark Chris D. , Sole Andrew J. , Storrar Robert D.
Published: October 2023

Subglacial meltwater landforms found on palaeo‐ice sheet beds allow the properties of meltwater drainage to be reconstructed, informing our understanding of modern‐day subglacial hydrological processes. In northern Canada and Fennoscandia, subglacial meltwater landforms are largely organized into continental‐scale networks of subglacial meltwater corridors (SMCs), interpreted as the relics of subglacial drainage systems undergoing variations in meltwater input, effective pressure and drainage efficiency. We review the current state of knowledge of bedforms (hummocks, ridges, murtoos, ribbed bedforms) and associated landforms (channels, eskers) described along SMCs and use selected high‐resolution DEMs in Canada and Fennoscandia to complete the bedform catalogue and categorize their characteristics, patterning and spatial distributions. We synthesize the diversity of bedform and formation processes occurring along subglacial drainage routes in a conceptual model invoking spatiotemporal changes in hydraulic connectivity, basal meltwater pressure and ice‐bed coupling, which influences the evolution of subglacial processes (bed deformation, erosion, deposition) along subglacial drainage systems. When the hydraulic capacity of the subglacial drainage system is overwhelmed glaciofluvial erosion and deposition will dominate in the SMC, resulting in tracts of hummocks and ridges arising from both fragmentation of underlying pre‐existing bedforms and downstream deposition of sediments in basal cavities and crevasses. Re‐coupling of ice with the bed, when meltwater supply decreases, facilitates deformation, transforming existing and producing new bedforms concomitant with the wider subglacial bedform imprint. We finally establish a range of future research perspectives to improve understanding of subglacial hydrology, geomorphic processes and bedform diversity along SMCs. These perspectives include the new acquisition of remote‐sensing and field‐based sedimentological and geomorphological data, a better connection between the interpreted subglacial drainage configurations down corridors and the mathematical treatments studying their stability, and the quantification of the scaling, distribution and evolution of the hydraulically connected drainage system beneath present‐day ice masses to test our bedform‐related conceptual model.
Effect on nutritional quality changes in fresh and canned Scomber australasicus and Scomberomorus guttatus
Authors: Aberoumand Ali , Baesi Farideh
Published: October 2023

The purpose of present research was to investigate the effect of different storage periods on nutrients composition of the two the fish species. In the present study, proximate composition, energy values and oil indexes of two the fish species Scomber australasicus and Scomberomorus guttatus were determined. The lipid content of the fresh S. guttatus was found significantly higher than the S. australasicus (p < .05). The S. australasicus after 2 months storage found lowest calorie value (275.5 kcal/kg). The calorie values of S. australasicus after 4 months storage was 292.5 kcal/kg and for S. guttatus after 6 months storage (375.70 kcal/kg) found highest. The number of acidic and peroxide for both types of fish after 2 months storage found 2.66 mg KOH/g and 4.22 meqO2/kg for S. australasicus, and found 2.47 mg KOH/g and 3.76 meqO2/kg for S. guttatus which were lowest compared to the other two treatments. The storage periods after the canning process led to a decrease in protein and moisture contents and increase in the lipid content of the canned tuna. The calorie level was related to the parameters such as fat level of the processed S. guttatus after 6 months storage which lead to high calorie level (375.70 kcal/kg−1), while processed S. australasicus after 2 months storage with lower fat content (15.1%) had lower energy value (275.5 kcal/kg−1). The highest acidic, and peroxide value for treatment 6 months storage for canned fish S. guttatus was 4.34 ± 0.36 mg KOH/g, and 5.74 ± 0.25 (meqO2/kg), while for S. australasicus was 4.21 ± 0.34 mg KOH/g, and 6.67 ± 0.23 (meqO2/kg), It can be concluded for fish 6 months storaged S. guttatus, shelf life increased the and can be stored for several years.
Intra voxel analysis in magnetic resonance imaging via deep learning
Authors: Autorino Maria Maddalena , Franceschini Stefano , Ambrosanio Michele , Pascazio Vito , Baselice Fabio
Published: October 2023

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a useful diagnostic method for producing anatomical images of the body. It differentiates tissues thanks to the measure of their proton density and relaxation times and . Since pathological tissues often present altered , and with respect to the physiological ones, MRI is largely used for the detection of large number of conditions. In addition, MRI scan presents an effective resolution able to detect very small anatomical elements, making the imaging system well suitable in contexts like prevention and early diagnosis. Nevertheless, system resolution imposes pathological volume to be larger than the voxel dimension. Since in some pathologies and conditions it could be very helpful to find tissues even smaller than the voxel dimension, this manuscript proposes an algorithm able to analyze voxel content and detect which one presents more than one tissue in its volume (i.e., which one is heterogeneous). More in detail, a machine learning algorithm is proposed, able to highlight, in the MR image, which pixel corresponds to an heterogeneous voxel. Method shows to be promising in combining good results and near real‐time processing in both simulated and real scenario.
Can unexpected pension contributions improve employee productivity? Evidence from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
Authors: Dai Narisa Tianjing , Liu Leo Jiahe , Pérez Rebeca
Published: October 2023

We examine the effect of unexpected defined benefit (DB) pension contributions on employee productivity. The Tax Cuts & Jobs Act (TCJA), implemented in the U.S. in 2017, decreased the corporate tax rate from 35 percent in 2017 to 21 percent in 2018. This change incentivized firms to increase DB pension contributions in 2017 . The TCJA provides an opportunity to study the motivation effect of unexpected employee benefits. We empirically find that resulting increases in DB pension contributions motivate employees to produce, and that labor intensity and length of operating cycle can enhance this association. We also find that general unexpected pension contributions have no pronounced effect on employee productivity. We further show that such a change in pension contributions does not significantly increase overproduction costs.
Ranking the community psychology research output of institutions and authors: A new system of evaluating the field
Authors: Ruesink Lauren , Jason Leonard A.
Published: October 2023

There have been multiple efforts to evaluate the contributions of the field of Community Psychology, and one of the more popular methods has involved gathering citations and articles published in Community Psychology journals. In recent years, several sites have gathered citation analysis and article publication rates so that it is now relatively easy to summarize settings and scholar rankings. In the current study, articles published in the two major journals of the field of Community Psychology over the past five decades were evaluated for these publications and citations. Findings indicated that several of the settings with highest publication and citation rates have not developed Community Psychology graduate programs, thus indicating that many publishing authors are in settings without formal graduate programs in Community Psychology. The benefits and limitations of this method of ranking programs and individuals are reviewed.
Does diabetes mellitus affect the development of fetal brain structures and spaces including corpus callosum, subarachnoid space, insula, and parieto‐occipital fissure?
Authors: Guleroglu Filiz Yarsilikal , Ocal Aydın , Bakirci Isil Turan , Cetin Ali
Published: October 2023

Purpose

We investigated the impact of pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM and GDM) on the development of fetal intracranial structures and spaces.

Methods

This prospective cross‐sectional study involved singleton pregnancies between 20 and 32 weeks of gestation. The study comprised a control group (n = 65) of healthy pregnant women without diabetes mellitus (DM); a PGDM group (n = 43) of pregnant women having type 2 DM in a controlled diabetic state; and a GDM group (n = 26) of pregnant women with GDM diagnosed with 2‐h 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test and received intervention to reduce the diabetic impact on fetus. During neurosonographic evaluation, the simultaneous measurements of corpus callosum (CC) width and depth in the midsagittal image; and lateral craniocortical and posterior craniocortical widths of the subarachnoid space and insular and parieto‐occipital fissure depths in the axial image were performed. Before statistical analysis, these values were carefully adjusted for the occipitofrontal diameter.

Results

The DM groups displayed substantially higher frequencies of family history of DM and obstetric history of GDM compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Regarding the neurosonographic parameters, the CC length and insular and parieto‐occipital fissure depths were significantly increased in the GDM group but not in the PGDM group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found among the study groups regarding other neurosonographic parameters (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results of neurosonographical evaluation of fetal brain structures and spaces reveal that diabetic impact may not be seen in the presence of PGDM, especially in pregnant women receiving prenatal interventions to reduce or avoid diabetic adverse effects on fetal brain development. The effect of GDM on neurosonographically assessed fetal brain development should be evaluated in further studies with subjects matched for gestational weeks and antenatal care conditions.
Biventricular Dysfunction and Ventricular Interdependence in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A 3.0‐T Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking Study
Authors: Fang Han , Wang Jin , Shi Rui , Li Yuan , Li Xue‐Ming , Gao Yue , Shen Li‐Ting , Qian Wen‐Lei , Jiang Li , Yang Zhi‐Gang
Published: October 2023

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, subsequently leading to left ventricular (LV) impairment. The mechanism underlying ventricular interdependence is largely uninvestigated.

Purpose

To explore the biventricular dysfunction and the ventricular interdependence in PH patients.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

One hundred and seven PH patients (mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg) and 72 age‐ and sex‐matched controls with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T/balanced steady‐state free precession sequence.

Assessment

LV and RV ejection fractions (EF) and RV and LV radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strains were assessed using commercial software. Strains were compared between controls, PH patients with preserved RVEF (RVEF ≥40%, N = 48), and PH patients with reduced RVEF (RVEF <40%, N = 59).

Statistical Tests

Chi‐squared tests or Fisher's exact test, t tests or Mann–Whitney U test, one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc correction or Kruskal–Wallis test, Pearson or Spearman correlation, and multivariable linear regression analysis. A two‐tailed P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.

Results

RV strain decreased sequentially from controls, through PH with preserved RVEF, to PH with reduced RVEF. PH patients with reduced RVEF had significantly lower LV strain, especially septal strain, and LV peak diastolic strain rate compared with both controls and PH patients with preserved RVEF. Multivariable analyses showed that RVEF was independently correlated with LV strain; furthermore, independent of RVEF, RV strain was significantly correlated with LV strain (LVGRS: β = 0.416; LVGCS: β = −0.371; LVGLS: β = 0.283).

Data Conclusion

Subclinical impairment of RV function was found in PH with preserved RVEF. LV strain was impaired when RV was dysfunctional, which was associated with worsening RV strain. Therefore, while focusing on improving RV function, LV dysfunction in PH patients should also be monitored and treated early in order to slow the progression of the disease.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Effective factors of icons searching performance based on visual attention capture for the nuclear power plants
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , Zhou Can , He Yuqi , Li Qian , Yu Shikang
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of digital and intelligent information systems, the display of visual information on interfaces has become an important challenge in the field of human‐computer interaction, as well as the human‐computer interface of nuclear power plants. This paper examines effective factors affecting visual attention capture based on icons related to the human‐computer interface of nuclear power plants. Experiments were conducted on multiple factors of visual search tasks with reference to information features to analyze information display factors affecting visual cognitive performance. The experimental results showed that the three factors, icon shape, feature display, and target position, have a great effect on information searching performance. The main effect of reaction time on three factors all reached a significance level congruent with the effect on fixation time and pupil response. Eye gaze indexes of feature display factors presented an increasing trend, which indicates that the information block spends more time on cognitive processing than icon features in the human‐computer interface of nuclear power plants. Pupil diameter was dilated when searching icons under difficult visual cognition conditions, and when searching information blocks, pupils were dilated more than searching single icons. Therefore, shape highlighting of data icons in the human‐computer interface of nuclear power plants can effectively improve the attention capture of the operator's visual search, and the ease of icon discrimination is an influential factor in visual attention capture.
Idea and action: Twenty years at CCL
Authors: Ghiselin Bernie
Published: October 2023

Finding a common ground for idea and action is a challenge as difficult as it is necessary, as satisfying as it is painful. It is a challenge that characterizes the work of the Center, at its beginning in 1970 and today.
Variability in lake bacterial growth and primary production under lake ice: Evidence from early winter to spring melt
Authors: Kivilä E. Henriikka , Prėskienis Vilmantas , Gaudreault Noémie , Girard Catherine , Rautio Milla
Published: October 2023

Climate change is causing seasonally ice‐covered lakes of the boreal region to undergo changes in their winter regime by altering patterns of precipitation and temperature, often reflected as reduced snow and ice cover duration. The duration, extent and quality of ice, and snow cover have a pivotal role for production and carbon cycling in lakes in winter, with potentially cascading effects for the following open water period. We investigated under‐ice carbon cycling by assessing bacterial growth (including bacterial production, bacterial respiration, and bacterial growth efficiency) and primary production at five water depths during early winter, midwinter, late winter and melting season in a boreal lake, and report significantly different temporal patterns. Bacterial respiration was dominant in early and midwinter, whereas the late winter and melting season were dominated by bacterial production. Multiple linear regression models indicated that high early winter bacterial respiration was associated with senescing phytoplankton, whereas bacterial production was promoted by the onset of spring processes. Collectively, bacterial growth indices were inherently linked with bacterioplankton community composition and specific biomarker taxa. Primary production under ice increased in late winter when light‐blocking snow cover melted, and primary production measured from the lake ice exceeded that of the water column at the melting season. Ice samples hosted diverse eukaryotic communities including photoautotrophs, suggesting that the habitat potential of the understudied lake ice and the role of ice for ecological processes at ice melt should be further explored.
Unilateral cross‐ownership and emission‐reduction technology sharing in a duopoly
Authors: Chen Junlong , Sun Xiaomin , Liu Jiali
Published: October 2023

This study constructs a Cournot duopoly model that considers unilateral cross‐ownership and emission‐reduction technology sharing, compares the equilibrium results under different cases, explores the impacts of unilateral cross‐ownership and technology sharing, and analyzes the boundary conditions for realizing technology sharing. The results indicate that unilateral cross‐ownership has complex effects on the equilibrium results. Emission‐reduction technology plays a positive role in improving environmental and social welfare. Furthermore, the boundary conditions of technology sharing were found to be affected by the carbon tax, cost‐reduction effect of emission‐reduction technology, and cross‐ownership.
Green level and environmental labeling strategies in a dual‐channel green supply chain considering consumer trust
Authors: Chen Zhengzheng , Xiao Tiaojun
Published: October 2023

Environmental labeling has emerged as a crucial method for consumers to gain information related to the eco‐friendly attributes of a product. This paper examines environmental labeling strategies in a green supply chain. The manufacturer has the option to use either self‐labeling or external certified labeling, and consumers have different levels of trust in the two types of environmental labels. We find that under both strategies, supply chain decision makers should fully consider the impacts of consumer trust in environmental labeling, green research and development (R&D) cost, and the demand share of the direct channel on the supply chain. Besides, the retailer realizes higher profit under external certified labeling. A higher green R&D cost or smaller market proportion of the direct channel would dampen the motivation of the manufacturer to choose external certified labeling. Lastly, we explore the case of a risk‐averse retailer and find that the external certified environmental labeling is optimal when the risk aversion is high. Moreover, under both strategies, the risk‐averse attitude of the retailer leads to a more significant channel utility.
High‐Salt Diet Causes Defective Oocyte Maturation and Embryonic Development to Impair Female Fertility in Mice
Authors: He Qinyuan , Zheng Qiutong , Liu Yanping , Miao Yilong , Zhang Yumeng , Xu Ting , Bai Shufen , Zhao Xia , Yang Xiaojun , Xu Zhice
Published: October 2023

Scope: High salinity has been reported to induce many human disorders in tissues and organs to interfere with their normal physiological functions. However, it is unknown how salinity affects the development of female germ cells. This study suggests that a high‐salt diet (HSD) may weaken oocyte quality to impair female fertility in mice and investigates the underlying mechanisms.

Methods and results: C57BL/6 female mice are fed with a regular diet (Control) or a high‐salt diet (HSD). Oocyte maturation, fertilization rate, embryonic development, and female fertility are evaluated. In addition, the spindle organization, actin polymerization, and kinetochore‐microtubule attachment of oocytes are examined in both groups. Moreover, single‐cell transcriptome data are used to demonstrate how HSD alters the transcript levels of genes. The observations confirm that HSD leads to female subfertility due to the deterioration of oocyte and embryo quality. The mechanism underlying reveals HSD compromises the oocytes' autophagy, apoptosis level, and mitochondrial function.

Conclusion: The work illustrates that a high concentration of salt diet results in oocyte meiotic arrest, fertilization failure, and early developmental defection that embryos undergo to reduce female fertility in mice by perturbing the level of autophagy and apoptosis, mitochondrial function in oocytes.
Noncommunicable disease risk factors and cardiovascular risk among adults in Ethiopia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alamnia Tilahun Tewabe , Sargent Ginny M. , Kelly Matthew
Published: October 2023

Background

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are rising in developing countries, posing substantial health, social, and economic consequences. Targeted action to address NCDs is difficult without data on the prevalence and social distribution of the risk factors.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among randomly sampled adults in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Sociodemographic, lifestyle risk factors, knowledge, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Chi‐square and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors for NCD risk factors and cardiovascular risk.

Results

This study involved 417 participants, with a mean age of 35.6 ± 12.6 years, in which 54.7% were females. The prevalence of inadequate fruit/vegetable intake was 95.7%, alcohol consumption 53.0%, physical inactivity 37.9%, tobacco use 1.9%, khat use 5.1%, hypertension 20.7%, overweight/obesity 29.6%, and abdominal obesity 67.4%. Overall, 55% of adults have clusters of three or more risk factors, and 14.6% have a moderate (10%–20%) 10‐year cardiovascular risk. Factors associated with NCD risk factors are sex, age, religion, marital status, occupation, and income. Ten‐year cardiovascular risk is higher in men (adjusted odd ratio (OR) 4.2, 95% CI 1.5–11.4), in adults with abdominal obesity (adjusted OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.4–24.2), and in those with clustered risk factors (adjusted OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6–10.3).

Conclusion

This study shows that adults in Northwest Ethiopia are at high risk of developing NCDs. Coordinated, multisectoral interventions at all levels of the socio‐ecological model are needed to reduce the risk factors.
Detection and defense of time‐varying formation for unmanned aerial vehicles against false data injection attacks and external disturbance
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Liu Yajuan
Published: October 2023

This article investigates the detection and defense method of time‐varying formation for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) against external disturbance and false data injection attacks (FDIAs). First, to detection attacks, a distributed attack identification filter is constructed for each UAV. Second, two distributed extended state observers are designed to separate and estimate external disturbances and FDIAs. Third, the distributed time‐varying formation tracking protocol and defense strategy for attacks is designed by utilizing the estimated information. The formation system is shown to asymptotically track the desired formation and trajectory and meanwhile reject the disturbance and attacks if the expected formation satisfies the feasible condition by stability analysis. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Availability of dissolved organic carbon drives differences in microbial nitrogen‐cycling processes between two sites with cover crops interseeded into corn
Authors: Curtright Andrew J. , Renner Karen A. , Tiemann Lisa K.
Published: October 2023

Interseeding cover crops into corn has been proposed as a technique to extend the cover crop growing window, but interseeded cover crops may reduce nitrogen (N) availability and compete with corn for available nutrients. To assess N‐cycling dynamics in soils where cover crops have been interseeded into corn for 1 or 2 years, plots were established in duplicate at two sites in Michigan with differing edaphic properties. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), or a mixture of ryegrass and clover were interseeded into corn at the V3 or V6 stages of corn growth and compared to control plots that did not receive cover crops. We measured active carbon (C) and N pools during the growing season and after harvest as well as potential activities of microbially mediated nutrient‐cycling processes via extracellular enzymes, nitrification, and denitrification. We found that after 2 years, interseeded cover crops had little to no effect on active pools of C and N or on microbial nutrient‐cycling activities, but cover crop growth was severely limited in some site years. However, we observed major differences in these parameters between sites, with finer textured soils exhibiting increased dissolved organic C availability and greater peptidase activity compared to coarser‐textured soils. Our results reveal important spatial and temporal trends that suggest greater C availability can lower the potential for N loss while maintaining a rapid flux of N through the N cycle.
Passivating Grain Boundaries via Graphene Additive for Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells
Authors: Cao Lei , Zhou Zhengji , Zhou Wenhui , Kou Dongxing , Meng Yuena , Yuan Shengjie , Qi Yafang , Han Litao , Tian Qingwen , Wu Sixin , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: October 2023

Grain boundaries (GBs)‐triggered severe non‐radiative recombination is recently recognized as the main culprits for carrier loss in polycrystalline kesterite photovoltaic devices. Accordingly, further optimization of kesterite‐based thin film solar cells critically depends on passivating the grain interfaces of polycrystalline Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin films. Herein, 2D material of graphene is first chosen as a passivator to improve the detrimental GBs. By adding graphene dispersion to the CZTSSe precursor solution, single‐layer graphene is successfully introduced into the GBs of CZTSSe absorber. Due to the high carrier mobility and electrical conductivity of graphene, GBs in the CZTSSe films are transforming into electrically benign and do not act as high recombination sites for carrier. Consequently, benefitting from the significant passivation effect of GBs, the use of 0.05 wt% graphene additives increases the efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells from 10.40% to 12.90%, one of the highest for this type of cells. These results demonstrate a new route to further increase kesterite‐based solar cell efficiency by additive engineering.
Atomic Zn‐Doping Induced Sabatier Optimum in NiZn0.03 Catalyst for CO2 Electroreduction at Industrial‐Level Current Densities
Authors: Tuo Yongxiao , Lu Qing , Liu Wanli , Wang Min , Zhou Yan , Feng Xiang , Wu Mingbo , Chen De , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2023

The Sabatier principle defines the essential criteria for an ideal catalyst in heterogeneous catalysis, while reaching the Sabatier optimum is still challenging in catalyst design. Herein, an elegant strategy is described to reach the Sabatier optimum of Ni electrocatalyst in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) by atomically Zn doping. The incorporation of 3% Zn single atom into Ni lattice leads to the moderate degrade of d‐band center via Ni–Zn electronic coupling, which balances the bonding strengths of *COOH and *CO, resulting in a relative low energy barrier for CO2 activation while not being substantially poisoned by CO. Consequently, NiZn0.03/C exhibits unique catalytic activity (jCO >100 mA cm−2 at −0.6 V), wide potential range for selective CO production (FECO >90% from −0.65 to −1.15 V), and outstanding long‐term stability (FECO >90% during 85 h electrolysis at −0.85 V). The results provide valuable insights for the rational fabrication of superior non‐noble bimetallic electrocatalysts in CO2 electroreduction.
Introduction: Mediterranean Migration Studies – A Research Agenda for the Coming Years
Authors: Zapata-Barrero Ricard , Awad Ibrahim
Published: October 2023

This volume seeks to cover the overall Mediterranean regional dimension on migrations. The basic purpose is to provide a basis for future research synergies by showcasing a plurality of perspectives to and applications of Mediterranean Migrations. This provides a direct opportunity and a reflective invitation to think the Mediterranean as a category of analysis for migration studies, which involves both a regional approach to migration and as “scale thinking” of geo-political governance. This broad geographical scope, coupled with cross-cutting and inter-disciplinary contributions, as well as the key-fact that this volume seeks to integrate regional, national, and North-Eastern-South complementarities are the distinctive features of its focus. It links Mediterranean and Migration Studies by articulating three sub-regions (Southern Europe, Northern Africa and Middle East) or the so-called Southern and Eastern Mediterranean (SEM) countries in the EU parlance.
Connecting Places, Connecting to Place: Migrants’ Use of ICTs for Exploring Lisbon
Authors: Buhr Franz , Desille Amandine , Fonseca Maria Lucinda
Published: October 2023

This chapter provides an integrated understanding of the implications of the use of ICTs by migrant individuals as they explore the Mediterranean city. ICTs have proved crucial for the maintenance of long-distance familial arrangements, for the mobilisation of migrants’ social networks, and for managing remittances, but also for shaping migration decisions and the choice of destinations. Taking a different approach, we look at the ways migrants become aware of the city’s urban resources with the help of ICTs. To this end, we relied on a pilot study comprising in-depth encounters with middling migrants established in Lisbon between 2014 and 2019. Participants were also part of a four-week-long online focus group organised on WhatsApp where they shared ICT resources in “real time”, engaged in discussion among themselves, and responded to questions asked by the researchers. This chapter provides evidence that digital and urban resources are intertwined: that online navigation can actually shape the offline experience of using the city; and that the ways migrants portray the places they use – by posting, commenting, sharing, and leaving reviews online – add up to an ICT-supported imaginary of the city fed by residents, migrants, and other visitors alike.
Hindering Democracy Through Migration Policies? An Analysis of EU External Migration Policies’ Impacts on the Democratisation of Morocco
Authors: Faustini Torres Luisa
Published: October 2023

What are the impacts of the European Union’s (EU) external migration policies on the democratisation of Southern Mediterranean Countries (SMCs)? Even though democracy promotion is an important element of the EU’s external migration policies, there is little academic knowledge about their effects on SMCs’ democratisation. This chapter attempts to start uncovering their impact on this policy field by focusing on EU policy practices. The analysis is done in two stages: (1) by suggesting an innovative theoretical framework, and (2) by applying it to the case of Morocco, a paradigmatic case among SMCs. Focusing on the years between 2015 and 2020, the case study draws on a content analysis of a broad range of qualitative data, including policy documents, literature, reports, and press releases. The research finds that EU external migration policies are likely to have had a negative impact on Morocco’s democratisation trajectory, affecting the EU’s capacity and willingness to exert leverage in this country and working as a tool for Morocco’s autocratic resilience. This outcome would contradict the EU’s own narratives, confirming the existence of a wide and deep gap between EU discourses and actions in this field, further contributing to the “process of disillusionment” of the Barcelona Process.
Introduction
Authors: Pedersen Mette
Published: October 2023

In the introduction, the references have been searched with a view to subjects where our extended studies of the normal development of voice in combination with pediatric and hormonal development can be used for diagnosis and treatment compared to other development factors.
Discussion, Possibilities, and Limitations
Authors: Pedersen Mette
Published: October 2023

High-speed videos are valuable to see details during normal childhood and especially pubertal development. HSV examples in boys show in some cases what can be interpreted as vocal fold modification of two adult and two child registers in boys. Two markings of contact maxima of the vocal folds are seen in Fig. 4.6 during the pubertal period. They are seen in Fig. 4.10 but weaker in boys in the postpubertal period corresponding to Voice Range Profiles (Fig. 4.21f–i).
Rényi negativities in non-equilibrium open free-boson chains
Authors: Chen Hui-Huang
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the dynamics of Rényi negativities after a quantum quench in the free-boson chain with homogeneous dissipation. Initially we prepare the system in the squeezed thermal state, and then let it evolves under the tight-binding bosonic Hamiltonian with local linear dissipation. We use the Lindblad equation to solve the time evolution of the covariance matrix, from which one can obtain the time dependence of Rényi negativities. We are interested in the weak dissipation hydrodynamic limit where a quasi-particle picture emerges. In this limit, exact results of non-equilibrium dynamics of Rényi negativities can be obtained using the stationary phase method. We consider the Rényi negativities between both adjacent and disjoint regions in a infinite chain. We numerically test our analytical predictions and perfect matches have found.
Extension of Hoffman’s Combinatorial Identity via Specific Zeta-Like Series
Authors: Genčev Marian
Published: October 2023

The goal of the paper is twofold. First, we present an analytic method leading to a class of combinatorial identities with Bernoulli, Euler and Catalan numbers based on considering specific multiple zeta-like series and infinite products. The developed method allows us to naturally extend Hoffman’s combinatorial identity that led to the famous evaluation of the multiple zeta value $$\zeta (\{2\}_k)$$

ζ
(

{
2
}

k

)

in 1992. Second, we present new evaluations of two multiple zeta-like series with their consequences to combinatorial identities, and, as a by-product of our technical considerations, we establish two combinatorial identities with a trinomial coefficient and Stirling numbers respectively.
Examining the assumptions of AI hiring assessments and their impact on job seekers’ autonomy over self-representation
Authors: Aizenberg Evgeni , Dennis Matthew J. , van den Hoven Jeroen
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we examine the epistemological and ontological assumptions algorithmic hiring assessments make about job seekers’ attributes (e.g., competencies, skills, abilities) and the ethical implications of these assumptions. Given that both traditional psychometric hiring assessments and algorithmic assessments share a common set of underlying assumptions from the psychometric paradigm, we turn to literature that has examined the merits and limitations of these assumptions, gathering insights across multiple disciplines and several decades. Our exploration leads us to conclude that algorithmic hiring assessments are incompatible with attributes whose meanings are context-dependent and socially constructed. Such attributes call instead for assessment paradigms that offer space for negotiation of meanings between the job seeker and the employer. We argue that in addition to questioning the validity of algorithmic hiring assessments, this raises an often overlooked ethical impact on job seekers’ autonomy over self-representation: their ability to directly represent their identity, lived experiences, and aspirations. Infringement on this autonomy constitutes an infringement on job seekers’ dignity. We suggest beginning to address these issues through epistemological and ethical reflection regarding the choice of assessment paradigm, the means to implement it, and the ethical impacts of these choices. This entails a transdisciplinary effort that would involve job seekers, hiring managers, recruiters, and other professionals and researchers. Combined with a socio-technical design perspective, this may help generate new ideas regarding appropriate roles for human-to-human and human–technology interactions in the hiring process.
Analytic torsion forms for fibrations by projective curves
Authors: Köhler Kai
Published: October 2023

An explicit formula for analytic torsion forms for fibrations by projective curves is given. In particular one obtains a formula for direct images in Arakelov geometry in the corresponding setting. The main tool is a new description of Bismut’s equivariant Bott–Chern current in the case of isolated fixed points.
The left adjoint of derived parabolic induction
Authors: Heyer Claudius
Published: October 2023

We prove that the derived parabolic induction functor, defined on the unbounded derived category of smooth mod p representations of a p-adic reductive group, admits a left adjoint $$\textrm{L}(U,-)$$

L
(
U
,
-
)

. We study the cohomology functors $$\textrm{H}^i\circ \textrm{L}(U,-)$$

H
i

∘
L

(
U
,
-
)

in some detail and deduce that $$\textrm{L}(U,-)$$

L
(
U
,
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)

preserves bounded complexes and global admissibility in the sense of Schneider–Sorensen. Using $$\textrm{L}(U,-)$$

L
(
U
,
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)

we define a derived Satake homomorphism and prove that it encodes the mod p Satake homomorphisms defined explicitly by Herzig.
The association between intraocular pressure dynamics during dark-room prone testing and intraocular pressure over a relatively long-term follow-up period in primary open-glaucoma patients
Authors: Sato Masataka , Kiyota Naoki , Yabana Takeshi , Maekawa Shigeto , Tsuda Satoru , Omodaka Kazuko , Himori Noriko , yokoyama Yu , Nakazawa Toru
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between the dynamics of intraocular pressure (IOP) during dark-room prone testing (DRPT) and IOP over a relatively long-term follow-up period.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 84 eyes of 51 primary open-angle glaucoma patients who underwent DRPT for whom at least three IOP measurements made using Goldmann applanation tonometry were available over a maximum follow-up period of two years. We excluded eyes with a history of intraocular surgery or laser treatment and those with changes in topical anti-glaucoma medication during the follow-up period. In DRPT, IOP was measured in the sitting position, and after 60 min in the prone position in a dark room, IOP was measured again. In this study, IOP fluctuation refers to the standard deviation (SD) of IOP, and IOP max indicates the maximum value of IOP during the follow-up. The relationship between these parameters was analyzed with a linear mixed-effects model, adjusting for clinical parameters including age, gender, and axial length.

Results

IOP increased after DRPT with a mean of 6.13 ± 3.55 mmHg. IOP max was significantly associated with IOP after DRPT (β = 0.38; p < 0.001). IOP fluctuation was significantly associated with IOP change in DRPT (β = 0.29; p = 0.007).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that short-term and relatively long-term IOP dynamics are associated. Long-term IOP dynamics can be predicted by DRPT to some extent.
$$\varepsilon $$-Isometric Dimension Reduction for Incompressible Subsets of $$\ell _p$$
Authors: Eskenazis Alexandros
Published: October 2023

Fix$$p\in [1,\infty )$$p∈[1,∞),$$K\in (0,\infty )$$K∈(0,∞), and a probability measure$$\mu $$μ. We prove that for every$$n\in \mathbb {N}$$n∈N,$$\varepsilon \in (0,1)$$ε∈(0,1), and$$x_1,\ldots ,x_n\in L_p(\mu )$$x1,…,xn∈Lp(μ)with$$\big \Vert \max _{i\in \{1,\ldots ,n\}} |x_i| \big \Vert _{L_p(\mu )} \le K$$‖maxi∈{1,…,n}|xi|‖Lp(μ)≤K, there exist$$d\le \frac{32e^2 (2K)^{2p}\log n}{\varepsilon ^2}$$d≤32e2(2K)2plognε2and vectors$$y_1,\ldots , y_n \in \ell _p^d$$y1,…,yn∈ℓpdsuch that$$\begin{aligned} {\forall }\,\,i,j\in \{1,\ldots ,n\}, \quad \Vert x_i-x_j\Vert ^p_{L_p(\mu )}-\varepsilon\le & {} \Vert y_i-y_j\Vert _{\ell _p^d}^p\le \Vert x_i-x_j\Vert ^p_{L_p(\mu )}+\varepsilon . \end{aligned}$$∀i,j∈{1,…,n},‖xi-xj‖Lp(μ)p-ε≤‖yi-yj‖ℓpdp≤‖xi-xj‖Lp(μ)p+ε.Moreover, the argument implies the existence of a greedy algorithm which outputs$$\{y_i\}_{i=1}^n$${yi}i=1nafter receiving$$\{x_i\}_{i=1}^n$${xi}i=1nas input. The proof relies on a derandomized version of Maurey’s empirical method (1981) combined with a combinatorial idea of Ball (1990) and a suitable change of measure. Motivated by the above embedding, we introduce the notion of$$\varepsilon $$ε-isometric dimension reduction of the unit ball$${\textbf {B}}_E$$BEof a normed space$$(E,\Vert \cdot \Vert _E)$$(E,‖·‖E)and we prove that$${\textbf {B}}_{\ell _p}$$Bℓpdoes not admit$$\varepsilon $$ε-isometric dimension reduction by linear operators for any value of$$p\ne 2$$p≠2.
On the behavior of prolate spheroids in a standing surface acoustic wave field
Authors: Sachs Sebastian , Schmidt Hagen , Cierpka Christian , König Jörg
Published: October 2023

The active manipulation of particle and cell trajectories in fluids by high-frequency standing surface acoustic waves (sSAW) allows to separate particles and cells systematically depending on their size and acoustic contrast. However, process technologies and biomedical applications usually operate with non-spherical particles, for which the prediction of acoustic forces is highly challenging and remains a subject of ongoing research. In this study, the dynamical behavior of prolate spheroids exposed to a three-dimensional acoustic field with multiple pressure nodes along the channel width is examined. Optical measurements reveal an alignment of the particles orthogonal to the pressure nodes of the sSAW, which has not been reported in literature so far. The dynamical behavior of the particles is analyzed under controlled initial conditions for various motion patterns by imposing a phase shift on the sSAW. To gain detailed understanding of the particle dynamics, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed to predict the acoustic force and torque acting on a prolate spheroid. Considering the acoustically induced streaming around the particle, the numerical results are in excellent agreement with experimental findings. Using the proposed numerical model, a dependence of the acoustic force on the particle shape is found in relation to the acoustic impedance of the channel ceiling. Hence, the numerical model presented herein promises high progress for the design of separation devices utilizing sSAW, exploiting an additional separation criterion based on the particle shape.
A new corpus of geolocated ASR transcripts from Germany
Authors: Coats Steven
Published: October 2023

This report describes the Corpus of German Speech (CoGS), a 56-million-word corpus of automatic speech recognition transcripts from YouTube channels of local government entities in Germany. Transcripts have been annotated with latitude and longitude coordinates, making the resource potentially useful for geospatial analyses of lexical, morpho-syntactic, and pragmatic variation; this is exemplified with an exploratory geospatial analysis of grammatical variation in the encoding of past temporal reference. Additional corpus metadata include video identifiers and timestamps on individual word tokens, making it possible to search for specific discourse content or utterance sequences in the corpus and download the underlying video and audio from the web, using open-source tools. The discourse content of the transcripts in CoGS touches upon a wide range of topics, making the resource potentially interesting as a data source for research in digital humanities and social science. The report also briefly discusses the permissibility of reuse of data sourced from German municipalities for corpus-building purposes in the context of EU, German, and American law, which clearly authorize such a use case.
Biodegradable iron-based foams prepared by the space holder technique using urea
Authors: Čákyová V. , Gorejová R. , Macko R. , Petruš O. , Sopčák T. , Kupková M. , Kaľavský F. , Oriňaková R.
Published: October 2023

Iron-based degradable biomaterials have attracted much attention as next-generation bone implants due to their excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. Many studies are now focusing on the preparation and detailed study of porous versus non-porous degradable materials. Porous degradable biomaterials have many advantages over the non-porous ones owing to their structure, which allows easier bone tissue ingrowth. The aim of this work was to prepare Fe-based biodegradable porous materials in a cost-effective way via powder metallurgy technique using urea space holders. Five different samples with increasing space holder weight ratio (up to 20 wt%) were prepared. Surface morphology and sample structure were studied using the optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Electrochemical corrosion rate analysis confirmed that the samples corroded faster with increasing number of pores. With an increasing amount of urea, the number of pores increased proportionally, which can potentially be used to tune the corrosion rate. However, mechanical integrity of the samples was not maintained when more than 10 wt% of space holder was used.

Graphical abstract