bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Comparing the Reactivity of the 4‐ and 5‐Positions of 2‐Phenylthiazoles in Stille Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Haemmerle Johanna , Schnuerch Michael , Stanetty Peter
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some Benzothiazolyl Thiazolidinones.
Authors: Deshmukh M. B. , Jagtap S. S. , Deshmukh S. A. , Jadhav S. D. , Anbhule P. V. , Suryawanshi A. W.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Arylspiro[tetrahydropyran‐3,1′‐cyclobutane]‐2,4‐diones
Authors: Kirillov N. F. , Shchepin V. V. , Melekhin V. S.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Conversion of Substituted‐3‐formylchromones to 3‐(5‐Phenyl‐3H‐[1,2,4]dithiazol‐3‐yl)chromen‐4‐ones: A Facile and Efficient Route to Novel 1,2,4‐Dithiazoles.
Authors: Raj Tilak , Ishar M. P. S. , Gupta Vivek , Pannu Ajay Pal Singh , Kanwal Priyanka , Singh Gurpinder
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Cross‐Coupling: Highly Efficient Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of N‐Heteroaryl Halides and N‐Heteroarylboronic Acids.
Authors: Fleckenstein Christoph A. , Plenio Herbert
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Acylamination of Pyridine N‐Oxide with Ethylenediamine and Phenylenediamines.
Authors: Kurbatov Yu. V. , Solekhova M. A.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Quinolines with Recyclable and Air‐Stable Iridium Catalyst Systems.
Authors: Chan Sau Hing , Lam Kim Hung , Li Yue‐Ming , Xu Lijin , Tang Weijun , Lam Fuk Loi , Lo Wai Hung , Yu Wing Yiu , Fan Qinghua , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolines as Templates for Cascade Reactions to Access Isoquinoline Alkaloid Frameworks.
Authors: Su Shun , Porco John A. Jr.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,3‐Dialkyl‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Polygalova N. N. , Mikhailovskii A. G. , Udodov V. V. , Mikhalev A. I. , Vakhrin M. I.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines via Ring‐Opening Cyclization/Oxidation Reactions of Stable Aroyldiaziridines of 3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline with Alkynes.
Authors: Ortega Heriberto , Ahmed Sara , Alper Howard
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Unknown Oxazoline‐Fused Pyridazines by “Michael Addition—Pyridazine Cyclization—Oxazoline Cyclization” Cascade Reactions of 4‐Chloro‐1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐butadienes with 3‐Dimethylaminopropenoates.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , Favi Gianfranco , Filippone Paolino , Golobic Amalija , Perrulli Francesca R. , Stanovnik Branko , Svete Jurij
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chemoselective Aniline—Chloropyrimidine Coupling in a Competing Electrophilic Environment.
Authors: Choudhury Anusuya , Chen Hongfeng , Nilsen Christopher N. , Sorgi Kirk L.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Protocols for the Expedited Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a] and [3,4‐d]Pyrimidines.
Authors: Daniels R. Nathan , Kim Kwangho , Lebois Evan P. , Muchalski Hubert , Hughes Mary , Lindsley Craig W.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzo[b][1,4]thiazines by Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of o‐Iminothioquinones.
Authors: Campo Margherita , Lamanna Giuseppe , Menichetti Stefano
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Boration of Acyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and Nitriles.
Authors: Lee Ji‐Eon , Yun Jaesook
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Addition of Dimethylsilylene to β‐Methyl α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: γ‐Silylation Forming 1‐Oxa‐2‐silacyclohex‐5‐enes.
Authors: Okamoto Kazuhiro , Hayashi Tamio
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N′‐Dichlorobis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)urea (CC‐2): An Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of Chemical Weapons Convention‐Related Dialkyl‐N,N‐dialkylphosphoramidates from Dialkylphosphites.
Authors: Gupta Arvind K. , Pardasani Deepak , Gupta Hemendra K. , Dubey Devendra K.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Immonium and Telluronium Salts of 2‐Phenylbenzotellurazole.
Authors: Abakarov G. M. , Vagabov M.‐Z. V. , Pantin V. A. , Sadekov I. D. , Minkin V. I.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Configuration Assignment of Pasteurestin A (I) and B (II).
Authors: Koegl Marion , Brecker Lothar , Warrass Ralf , Mulzer Johann
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Spiroaxane Sesquiterpene from Cultures of the Basidiomycete Pholiota adiposa.
Authors: Liu Dong‐Ze , Jia Rui‐Rui , Wang Fei , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Sesquiterpene from the Basidiomycete Boletus calopus
Authors: Liu Dong‐Ze , Wang Fei , Jia Rui‐Rui , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligomannan Synthesis Using Ionic Liquid Supported Glycosylation.
Authors: Pathak Ashish K. , Yerneni Charu K. , Young Zac , Pathak Vibha
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Efficient Synthesis of the tRNA Nucleosides PreQ0 and Archaeosine.
Authors: Brueckl Tobias , Klepper Florian , Gutsmiedl Katrin , Carell Thomas
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient and Regioselective Phosphorylation of Sphingolipids by Phase‐Transfer Catalysis.
Authors: Szulc Z. M. , Obeid L. M. , Hannun Y. A. , Bielawska A.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Reassignment of (+)‐Neopeltolide.
Authors: Youngsaye Willmen , Lowe Jason T. , Pohlki Frauke , Ralifo Paul , Panek James S.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Amphidinolide H and G.
Authors: Fuerstner Alois , Bouchez Laure C. , Funel Jacques‐Alexis , Liepins Vilnis , Poree Francois‐Hugues , Gilmour Ryan , Beaufils Florent , Laurich Daniel , Tamiya Minoru
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Tarchonanthuslactone and Formal Synthesis of (‐)‐Colletol.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy P. Murali Krishna , Gupta Manoj K. , Chary Ch. Janardhana
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Deposition of YBa2Cu3Ox and Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox Films on Various Substrates Starting from Different Fluorine‐Free Metallorganic Compounds.
Authors: Benzi Paola , Bottizzo Elena , Demaria Chiara , Rizzi Nicoletta
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The New Compound YBaCo4O7 and Its Homologoues Exhibiting Strong Magnetic Frustration
Authors: Valldor Martin
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C—Na (Carbon—Sodium) System
Authors: Sangster James
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Tiberto Paola , Baricco Marcello , Olivetti Elena , Piccin Rafael
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Infrared Spectroscopy and ab initio Theory of Isolated H5O+2: From Buckets of Water to the Schroedinger Equation and Back
Authors: Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalytic Formation of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Hilgraf Robert , Zimmermann Nicole
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly and Nanostructure Formation of Multi‐Functional Organic π‐Donors
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Hasegawa Masashi , Enozawa Hideo
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Pivot Lariat Ethers
Authors: Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Abbas Ashraf A.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development and Application of Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Maruoka Keiji
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Small‐Molecule H‐Bond Donors in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Doyle Abigail G. , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stronger Broensted Acids
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From a Chiral Switch to a Ligand Portfolio for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Blaser Hans‐Ulrich , Pugin Benoit , Spindler Felix , Thommen Marc
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligands for Practical Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation
Authors: Klosin Jerzy , Landis Clark R.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation Using Monodentate Phosphoramidite Ligands
Authors: Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L. , Lefort Laurent , De Vries Johannes G.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Developing Chiral Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Weicheng , Chi Yongxiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Industrial‐Scale Synthesis and Applications of Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Johnson Nicholas B. , Lennon Ian C. , Moran Paul H. , Ramsden James A.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones with Bifunctional Transition Metal‐Based Molecular Catalysts
Authors: Ikariya Takao , Blacker A. John
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions Using Hantzsch Esters
Authors: Ouellet Stephane G. , Walji Abbas M. , Macmillan David W. C.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Stress and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kunitomo Masaru
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: What Is Life? A Brief Historical Overview
Authors: Lazcano Antonio
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Guided Molecular Missiles for Tumor‐Targeting Chemotherapy—Case Studies Using the Second‐Generation Taxoids as Warheads
Authors: Ojima Iwao
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Is My Chemical Universe Localized or Delocalized? Is There a Future for Chemical Concepts?
Authors: Shaik Sason
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amperometric Gas Sensors — A Review
Authors: Stetter Joseph R. , Li Jing
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of High Efficiency Separation Method for Biomolecules
Authors: Kato Masaru
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transient Oscillations in High Resolution Solid State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Zujovic Zoran D. , Bowmaker Graham A.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallography: Past and Present
Authors: Hodeau J.‐L. , Guinebretiere R.
Published: March 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nine‐color flow cytometry for accurate measurement of T cell subsets and cytokine responses. Part I: Panel design by an empiric approach
Authors: McLaughlin Bridget E. , Baumgarth Nicole , Bigos Martin , Roederer Mario , De Rosa Stephen C. , Altman John D. , Nixon Douglas F. , Ottinger Janet , Oxford Carol , Evans Thomas G. , Asmuth David M.
Published: March 2008

Polychromatic flow cytometry offers the unprecedented ability to investigate multiple antigens per cell. Unfortunately, unwanted spectral overlaps and compensation problems increase when more than four colors are used, but these problems can be minimized if staining combinations are chosen carefully. We used an empiric approach to design, test and identify six‐color T cell immunophenotyping reagent panels that can be expanded to include three or more functional or other markers in the FITC, PE, and APC channels without significant spectral limitations. Thirty different six‐color T cell surface antigen reagent panels were constructed to identify major T cell subsets and maturational subtypes as defined by CCR7 and CD45RA expression, while excluding monocytes, B and non‐viable cells. Staining performance of each panel was compared on cryopreserved cells from a single healthy donor recorded on a multiparameter cell sorter. Ten of the thirty reagent panels offered reliable resolution of T cell major and maturational surface markers. Of these, two panels were selected that showed the least spectral overlap and resulting background increase in the FITC, PE, and APC channels. These channels were left unoccupied for inclusion of additional phenotypic or functional markers, such as cytokines. Careful reagent titration and testing of multiple candidate panels are necessary to ensure quality results in multiparametric measurements. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Electronic volume of CD34 positive cells from peripheral blood apheresis samples
Authors: Shariatmadar Sherry , Sharma Siddharth , Cabana Raquel , Powell Scott , Ruiz Phillip , Krishan Awtar
Published: March 2008

Background:

The authors have used a flow analyzer to measure electronic cellular volume of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells obtained by granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) mobilization and apheresis (HPC‐A) of patients with hematological malignancies.

Methods:

Fifty three apheresis samples stained with CD45‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and CD34‐R‐phycoerythrin (PE)‐labeled antibodies after erythrocyte lysis with BD FACS™ Lysing Solution were analyzed for electronic cell volume and two‐color FITC and PE fluorescence.

Results:

Lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes in the HPC‐A samples had a mean electronic volume of 414, 797, and 670 μm3, respectively corresponding to cell diameter of 9.25, 11.5, and 10.85 μm. In 53 HPC‐A samples analyzed, the mean electronic volume of the CD34 positive mononuclear cells was 407 μm3 while the CD45 positive cells had mean volume of 453 μm3.

Conclusions:

CD34 positive stem/progenitor cells have a smaller volume and diameter than CD45 positive mononuclear cells in HPC‐A samples. In the present study the CD34 stem/progenitor cells had a considerably larger diameter than that of stem cells previously reported in the literature. With the availability of electronic cell volume as a parameter in flow cytometric analysis, further studies can be carried out to correlate stem cell volume with specific phenotypic marker expression. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
A Series of Red‐Light‐Emitting Ionic Iridium Complexes: Structures, Excited State Properties, and Application in Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Liu Shu‐Juan , Zhao Qiang , Fan Qu‐Li , Huang Wei
Published: March 2008

A series of ionic diiminoiridium complexes [Ir(piq‐C∧N)2(L‐N∧N)](PF6) were prepared, where piq‐C∧N is 1‐phenylisoquinolinato and L‐N∧N are bidentate N‐coordinating ligands: 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy), 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (mbpym), 5,5′‐bis(thiopen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine (tbpyt), and 5,5′‐bis(9,9‐dioctylfluoren‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine (FbpyF). X‐ray diffraction studies of [Ir(piq)2(mbpym)](PF6) revealed that the iridium center adopts a distorted octahedral geometry. All complexes exhibited intense and long‐lived emission at room temperature. The substituents on the 2,2′‐bipyridine moieties influence the photophysical and electrochemical properties. The excited states were investigated through theoretical calculations together with photophysical and electrochemical properties. It was found that the excited state of the [Ir(piq)2(FbpyF)](PF6) complex can be assigned to a mixed character of 3LC (πN∧N→π*N∧N), 3MLCT, 3LLCT (πC∧N→π*N∧N), and 3LC (πC∧N→π*C∧N). In addition, the alkylfluorene‐substituted complex, [Ir(piq)2(FbpyF)](PF6), hadrelatively high quantum efficiency and good film‐forming ability, and it was expected to be a good candidate for lighting and display applications. A nondoped, single‐layer device that incorporates this complex as a light‐emitting layer was fabricated and red phosphorescence was obtained.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Reactivity of [M(η4‐P2C2tBu2)] (M = Ge, Sn), with tert‐Butylphosphaethyne P≡CtBu: Synthesis, Structural Characterisation and Computational Studies of the Novel Zwitterionic Organophosphorus Cage Compounds [MP4C4tBu4] (M = Ge, Sn) (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 11/2008)
Authors: Francis Matthew D. , Hitchcock Peter B. , Nixon John F. , Nyulászi László
Published: March 2008

The cover picture shows the zwitterionic cage GeP4C4(tBu)4 (bottom right) with separated positive (red) and negative (blue) charges (see the electrostatic potential map, top right). The compound forms in a smooth reaction from the neutral η4‐Ge complex and two tBuCP phosphaalkynes (bottom left). Details are discussed in the article by M. D. Francis et al. on p. 1761 ff.
Enzyme Mimics for Michael Additions with Novel Proton Transport Groups
Authors: Simón Luis , Muñiz Francisco M. , Sáez Silvia , Raposo César , Morán Joaquín R.
Published: March 2008

Molecular receptors with an enzyme‐like behavior in the Michael addition of pyrrolidine to an α,β‐unsaturated lactam have been designed. Catalytic activities are discussed and related to the substrate association constants. Chiral assistance of enantiomerically pure receptors was also investigated. One of the receptors shows a 4:1 enantiomeric ratio (60 % ee) for the addition of pyrrolidine and 3‐pyrroline.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Three Phase Microemulsion/Sol–Gel System for Aqueous C–C Coupling of Hydrophobic Substrates
Authors: Tsvelikhovsky Dmitry , Blum Jochanan
Published: March 2008

Heck, Stille, Suzuki and three‐component coupling reactions with hydrophobic substrates have been carried out in water. The substrates are initially transformed by a general procedure into a microemulsion, which consists of nearly 90 % water with the aid of sodium dodecyl sulfate and either PrOH or BuOH. The surfactant carries the molecules of the substrates to Pd(OAc)2 entrapped within a hydrophobicitized silica sol–gel matrix where the coupling between the substrates is assumed to take place. The products are then returned by the surfactant into the microemulsion from which it can be released. The immobilized palladium catalyst is leach proof and recyclable. It can be used in various coupling processes at least six times without loss of activity. Experiments with D2O have revealed that the water does not take part in the coupling process, but it has an effect on the pore size of the sol–gel matrix, which hosts the palladium catalyst. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
”Leibniz lebt!“
Authors: Unterstell Rembert
Published: March 2008

Drei Forscherinnen und acht Forscher erhielten in Berlin den bedeutendsten deutschen Wissenschaftspreis – Preisverleihung im Zeichen der Stammzelldebatte
Die Wickinger im Bernsteinland
Authors: Ibsen M. A. Timo
Published: March 2008

Die Gräber der skandinavischen Kaufleute und Krieger in Wiskiauten sind schon lange bekannt. Jetzt fanden deutsche und russische Archäologen auch Überreste der dazugehörenden Siedlung – ein wichtiges Zeugnis für frühen Handel im Ostseeraum
Wenn das Wasser wärmer wird
Authors: Sommer Ulrich
Published: March 2008

In Meeren, Seen und Flüssen lassen sich die Folgen des Klimawechsels bereits studieren. Kleinste Veränderungen in Nahrungsketten haben große Wirkung auf das Ökologiesystem
Das digitale Pentagon
Authors: Caston Philip S. C.
Published: March 2008

Jahrhundertelang schützten gewaltige Wallanlagen die oberfränkische Festung Rosenberg. Nun rekonstruieren Ingenieurwissenschaftler die Baugeschichte der barocken Wallmauern. Dabei entschlüsseln sie auch geheimnisvolle Zeichen, die von Steinmetzen angebracht wurden. Am Ende steht ein virtuelles Modell
Chromosomal imbalances, loss of heterozygosity, and immunohistochemical expression of TP53, RB1, and PTEN in intraductal cancer, intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Bettendorf Olaf , Schmidt Hartmut , Staebler Annette , Grobholz Rainer , Heinecke Achim , Boecker Werner , Hertle Lothar , Semjonow Axel
Published: March 2008

Recent studies have shown that intraductal prostate carcinoma (IDC‐P) should be considered as a separate lesion distinct from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). The purpose of the present study was to analyze the genetic relationship between benign prostatic tissue, PIN, invasive cancer, IDC‐P, and extracapsular tumor tissue to get further information about the role of IDC‐P in the development of prostate cancer. One hundred five radical prostatectomy specimens were investigated immunohistochemically, 77 cases were analyzed by PCR for LOH of the tumor suppressor genes TP53 and RB1, and 11 cases of IDC‐P and 10 cases of PIN were investigated using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). At CGH analysis, IDC‐P showed several chromosomal imbalances in contrast to PIN, where no changes were found. We could demonstrate a significant increase of LOH for TP53 or RB1 from benign tissue to PIN. LOH of both TP53 and RB1 were frequently found in IDC‐P (52%), followed by extracapsular tumor tissue (44%), invasive cancer (24%), PIN (19%), and benign prostatic tissue (17%). Increased immunohistochemical expression was found in invasive cancer for TP53, RB1, and for PTEN. Decreased expression could be demonstrated in extracapsular tumor tissue and in IDC‐P. Our results indicate that IDC‐P in general follows the genetic pathway from normal epithelium over PIN lesion. IDC‐P represents a separate prostatic lesion and should be graded as a poorly differentiated carcinoma. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution analysis of genetic alterations in small bowel carcinoid tumors reveals areas of recurrent amplification and loss
Authors: Kulke Matthew H. , Freed Ellen , Chiang Derek Y. , Philips Juliet , Zahrieh David , Glickman Jonathan N. , Shivdasani Ramesh A.
Published: March 2008

Carcinoid tumors of the small intestine are characterized by an indolent clinical course, secretion of neuropeptides, and resistance to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. To evaluate the molecular events underlying carcinoid tumorigenesis, we used high‐resolution arrays of single nucleotide polymorphisms to study chromosomal gains and losses in 24 primary and metastatic small bowel carcinoid tumors derived from 18 patients. Regions of gain or loss comprising whole chromosomes or large chromosomal regions constituted the most common class of anomalies. Loss of all or most of chromosome 18 was the commonest finding, evident in 11 of the 18 cases. Heterozygosity was also lost on chromosome arms 9p and 16q. The amplitude of observed gains was modest in comparison to those reported in some other tumor types. One focal region of recurrent gain on 14q mapped to the locus of the gene encoding the antiapoptotic protein DAD1, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed DAD1 protein expression in tumor samples. This detailed study of an uncommon neoplasm provides a basis to investigate putative oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in intestinal carcinoid tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gas holdup and energy dissipation in liquid‐gas ejectors
Authors: Arunagiri Appusamy , Regupathi Iyyaswamy , Murugesan Thanapalan
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: Ejectors have excellent mass transfer characteristics with energy efficiency and can be used in place of conventional countercurrent systems, namely, packed bed contactors as well as venturi scrubbers, cyclones and airlift pumps. Although a number of papers have been published in the recent past, none of them provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of gas phase holdup. In this work an attempt has been made to develop a theoretical basis for predicting gas phase holdup based on first principles using Nguyen and Spedding's distribution function (Co) and initial value parameter (B).

RESULTS: In the present work, measurements and correlations are reported for the gas holdup and energy dissipation in a liquid‐gas ejector. The holdup data have been correlated using the theoretical models proposed by Nguyen and Spedding,26 with an estimated initial value parameter B and the distribution function Co. The throat and diffuser loss coefficients were found to be constant up to a gas/liquid flow ratio of 1.6 and then it was found to be a function of area ratio, physical properties and gas holdup.

CONCLUSIONS: The present proposed correlations for gas phase holdup and energy dissipation, Emix, should be useful for the efficient design of co‐current ejectors for gas‐liquid contacting, in particular for the removal of CO2 from natural gas, since the viscosity and surface tension ranges covered in the present study are essentially those encountered in amine–carbon dioxide systems. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous degradation of nitroaromatic compounds TNT, RDX, atrazine, and simazine by Pseudomonas putida HK‐6 in bench‐scale bioreactors
Authors: Cho Yun‐Seok , Lee Bheong‐Uk , Oh Kye‐Heon
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: Environmental contamination by nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐s‐triazine (RDX), atrazine, and/or simazine (TRAS) generated as waste from military and agricultural activities is a serious worldwide problem. Microbiological treatment of these compounds is an attractive method because many explosives and herbicides are biodegradable and the process can be made cost‐effective. We explored the feasibility of using cultures of Pseudomonas putida HK‐6 for simultaneous degradation of TRAS with the aim of microbial application in wastewater treatment in bench‐scale bioreactors.

RESULTS: Experiments were conducted to study the effects of supplemental carbons, nitrogens, and Tween‐80 on the degradation of Ps. putida HK‐6 in media containing TRAS as target substrate(s). The most effective TRAS degradation was shown in the presence of molasses. Addition of nitrogen sources produced a delayed effect for the target substrate(s). Tween‐80 enhanced the degradation of target substrate(s). Simultaneous degradation of these compounds proceeded to completion within the given period.

CONCLUSIONS: Ps. putida HK‐6 was capable of growth with TRAS, and the effects of supplements on TRAS degradation and simultaneous TRAS degradation were evaluated in bench‐scale bioreactors. The results of this study have practical applications in the processes of industrial waste stream treatment where the disposal of TRAS may be problematic. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient synthesis of 13C‐labelled erythromycin biosynthetic intermediate. 1: S‐2‐acetylaminoethyl (2R,3R,4R,5R)‐3,5‐diacetoxy‐2,4‐dimethyl‐4‐([13C]methoxy)‐heptanethioate
Authors: Iida Katsumi , Kajiwara Masahiro , Inoue‐Tanihata Tomoko , Fukui Mineo , Nakata Tadashi , Oishi Takeshi
Published: March 2008

An efficient 13C‐labelling synthesis of the putative erythromycin biosynthetic intermediate, S‐2‐acetylaminoethyl (2R,3R,4R,5R)‐3,5‐diacetoxy‐2,4‐dimethyl‐4‐([13C]methoxy)heptanethioate, which would be useful for the investigation of the chain elongation mechanism in erythromycin biosynthesis, was achieved by utilizing iodo[13C]methane and (2S,3R,4R,5R)‐4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐O‐isopropylidene‐2,4‐dimethylheptanol, obtained in our previous studies on erythromycin A synthesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labelled (−)‐galanthamine
Authors: Rouleau Julien , Guillou Catherine
Published: March 2008

The synthesis of deuterium‐labelled galanthamine is reported. 6‐[2H3]methoxy‐N‐[2H3]methyl‐(−)‐galanthamine was obtained in seven steps from galanthamine. The synthesis was carried out by selective O‐ and N‐demethylations. The [2H3]‐N‐methyl and [2H3]‐O‐methyl‐groups were introduced by selective aminoreduction and O‐methylation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between 2D and 3D high‐resolution black‐blood techniques for carotid artery wall imaging in clinically significant atherosclerosis
Authors: Balu Niranjan , Chu Baocheng , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Yuan Chun , Yarnykh Vasily L.
Published: March 2008

Purpose

To compare two‐ (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) black‐blood imaging methods for morphological measurements of the carotid artery wall and atherosclerotic plaque.

Materials and Methods

A total of 18 subjects with 50% to 79% carotid stenosis were scanned with 2D (2‐mm slice thickness) and 3D (1‐mm/0.5‐mm actual/interpolated slice thickness) T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo (FSE) black‐blood imaging sequences with double inversion‐recovery (DIR) blood suppression. Morphological measurements (lumen area, wall area, vessel area, mean wall thickness, and maximal wall thickness), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the wall and lumen, and wall‐lumen contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were compared between 2D and 3D images. The effect of improved slice resolution in 3D imaging was evaluated for visualization of small plaque components.

Results

Lumen SNR (P = 0.16), wall SNR (P = 0.65), and CNR (P = 0.94) were comparable between 2D/3D. There was no difference in average lumen area (P = 0.16), average wall area (P = 0.99), average vessel area (P = 0.0.58), mean wall thickness (P = 0.09), and maximum wall thickness (P = 0.06) between 2D/3D. Distributions of small plaque components such as calcification were better characterized by the 3D acquisition. There was a higher sensitivity to motion artifacts with 3D imaging, resulting in three examinations with low image quality.

Conclusion

2D and 3D protocols provided comparable morphometric measurements of the carotid artery. The major advantage of 3D imaging is improved small plaque component visualization, while the 2D technique provides higher reliability for image quality. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:918–924. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical and experimental study of a novel phase contrast magnetic resonance (PC‐MR) imaging technique: Sparse interleaved referencing PC‐MR imaging
Authors: Li Longchuan , Doyle Mark , Rayarao Geetha , Biederman Robert W.W. , Anayiotos Andreas
Published: March 2008

Purpose

To use numerical simulation and experimental approaches to introduce a novel phase contrast magnetic resonance (PC‐MR) data processing technique termed Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR, with potential to improve accuracy, temporal resolution, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of PC‐MR data.

Materials and Methods

Computational fluid dynamics data were generated for a two‐chamber orifice flow model simulating valvular regurgitation. The numerical results were validated and used to simulate conventional and Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR data acquisitions. Common data sets were processed using conventional and Sparse Interleaved Referencing approaches and quantitative errors in velocity‐time waveforms were measured and compared. In vitro phantom jet flow data and in vivo ascending aorta data were acquired and used to simulate Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR.

Results

The Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR data showed significantly better representation of the velocity‐time waveform in three areas: (i) lower root‐mean‐square errors (9.0 ± 1.0% versus 24.0 ± 0.2%; P < 0.005), (ii) simulation of conventionally processed data showed a pattern of peak velocity overestimation, which was experimentally demonstrated in in vitro data, whereas overestimation of peak velocity was dramatically attenuated using Sparse Interleaved Referencing (2.8 ± 0.4% versus 16.9 ± 6.4%, P < 0.005), and (iii) compared with the conventional scan, an average of 119.4 ± 26.6% (P < 0.005) SNR was realized in in vitro and in vivo Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR data.

Conclusion

Simulation and in vitro/in vivo results show that Sparse Interleaved Referencing PC‐MR processed data in pulsatile and jet flow showed higher accuracy, better peak velocity representation, and improved SNR compared with the data processed using the conventional PC‐MR method. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:898–907. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.