bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene Therapy for Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases
Authors: Saad Jasen F. , Saad Fawzy A.
Published: May 2023

Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases are associated with cholinergic neuron loss and deterioration
of bone mineral density. Gene therapy through either gene transfer, CRISPR gene editing, or
CRISPR gene modulation holds the potential to cure Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. The emerging
role of weight-bearing exercise in the prevention of, and care for, osteoporosis, obesity, and diabetes
has been previously recognized. Moreover, endurance exercise offers a viable alternative to reduce
amyloid peptides deposits while increasing bone mineral density in Alzheimer and Parkinson patients.
β-amyloid peptides, α-synuclein, and tau aggregates start building up two decades before the onset of
Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Therefore, an early intervention program for the detection of these
deposits is required to prevent or delay the onset of these diseases. This article spots light on the potential
of gene therapy for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-art Review
Authors: Burback Lisa , Brémault-Phillips Suzette , Nijdam Mirjam J. , McFarlane Alexander , Vermetten Eric
Published: May 2023

This narrative state-of-the-art review paper describes the progress in the understanding and
treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Over the last four decades, the scientific landscape
has matured, with many interdisciplinary contributions to understanding its diagnosis, etiology, and
epidemiology. Advances in genetics, neurobiology, stress pathophysiology, and brain imaging have
made it apparent that chronic PTSD is a systemic disorder with high allostatic load. The current state
of PTSD treatment includes a wide variety of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches, of
which many are evidence-based. However, the myriad challenges inherent in the disorder, such as individual
and systemic barriers to good treatment outcome, comorbidity, emotional dysregulation, suicidality,
dissociation, substance use, and trauma-related guilt and shame, often render treatment response
suboptimal. These challenges are discussed as drivers for emerging novel treatment approaches,
including early interventions in the Golden Hours, pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions,
medication augmentation interventions, the use of psychedelics, as well as interventions targeting
the brain and nervous system. All of this aims to improve symptom relief and clinical outcomes.
Finally, a phase orientation to treatment is recognized as a tool to strategize treatment of the
disorder, and position interventions in step with the progression of the pathophysiology. Revisions to
guidelines and systems of care will be needed to incorporate innovative treatments as evidence emerges
and they become mainstream. This generation is well-positioned to address the devastating and often
chronic disabling impact of traumatic stress events through holistic, cutting-edge clinical efforts
and interdisciplinary research.
OL-FS13 Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting
miR-21-3p Expression
Authors: Liu Naixin , Fan Yan , Li Yilin , Zhang Yingxuan , Li Jiayi , Wang Yinglei , Wang Zhuo , Liu Yixiang , Li Yuansheng , Kang Zijian , Peng Ying , Ru Zeqiong , Yang Meifeng , Feng Chengan , Wang Ying , Yang Xinwang
Published: May 2023

Background:

OL-FS13, a neuroprotective peptide derived from Odorrana livida, can alleviate
cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury, although the specific underlying mechanism remains
to be further explored.

Objective:

The effect of miR-21-3p on the neural-protective effects of OL-FS13 was examined.

Methods:

In this study, the multiple genome sequencing analysis, double luciferase experiment,
RT-qPCR, and Western blotting were used to explore the mechanism of OL-FS13.

Results:

Showed that over-expression of miR-21-3p against the protective effects of OL-FS13 on oxygen-
glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-damaged pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and in
CI/R-injured rats. miR-21-3p was then found to target calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2
(CAMKK2), and its overexpression inhibited the expression of CAMKK2 and phosphorylation of its
downstream adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby inhibiting
the therapeutic effects of OL-FS13 on OGD/R and CI/R. Inhibition of CAMKK2 also antagonized
up-regulated of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) by OL-FS13, thereby abolishing the
antioxidant activity of the peptide.

Conclusion:

Our results showed that OL-FS13 alleviated OGD/R and CI/R by inhibiting miR-21-3p
to activate the CAMKK2/AMPK/Nrf-2 axis.
Differentiated Embryo-Chondrocyte Expressed Gene1 and Parkinson’s
Disease: New Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Wang Chun-Yan , Qiu Zheng-Jie , Zhang Ping , Tang Xiao-Qing
Published: May 2023

Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene1 (DEC1), an important transcription
factor with a basic helix-loop-helix domain, is ubiquitously expressed in both human embryonic and
adult tissues. DEC1 is involved in neural differentiation and neural maturation in the central nervous
system (CNS). Recent studies suggest that DEC1 protects against Parkinson's disease (PD) by regulating
apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, immune system, and glucose metabolism disorders.
In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the role of DEC1 in the pathogenesis of PD and
provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of PD and neurodegenerative diseases.
Transition Metals Catalyzed Direct C-H Chalcogenation of Arenes and
Heteroarenes
Authors: Mahata Atanu , Garain Madhusudan , Roy Totan , Gorai Dilip , Kundu Debasish
Published: May 2023

Transition metals catalyzed C-H bond activation reactions have appeared as an emerg-ing field to introduce different functional groups in the inactivated saturated and unsaturated C-H bonds. C-S and C-Se bond constructions in aromatic scaffolds are very interesting due to the im-portant applications of organochalcogen reagents in pharmaceutical chemistry and the material world. The introduction of sulphur or selenium moiety to an inert C-H functionality of an arene under transition metal catalysis has become one of the prime challenges and targets in recent years. In this perspective, various transition metals such as Cu, Ni, Co, Pd, Rh, Ru etc. have been extensively studied. Aromatic arenes owning bearing suitable directing groups appeared as the most promising coupling partners to selectively synthesize differently substituted aryl sulfones and aryl sulfides/selenides. The synthetic strategies were highly convenient owing to the regiose-lectivity of products, broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions and excellent functional group tolerance. The current review article comprehensively summarizes the extent of C-S/Se bond formation via transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation with the assistance of directing groups to govern the site selectivity.
WITHDRAWN: Histological and In Vivo Study on Novel Polyelectrolyte Complex Vildagliptin Loaded Microbeads in Streptozotocin-induced Rat
Model
Authors: Kumar Tiwari Ritesh , Singh Lalit , Kr. Tiwari Mukesh , Yadav Rajat
Published: May 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn from the journal " Current Diabetes Review ".

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Effect of Cooking Procedure on B1, B2, and B6 Vitamins Content and Some Elements in the Main Rice Brands in the Iranian Market
Authors: Asadikaram Gholamreza , Norouzi Saam , Khalili Tahereh , Abolhassani Moslem , Torkzadeh-Mahani Masoud , Hajizadeh Mohammad Reza , Vahabzadeh Zakaria
Published: May 2023

Aims:

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the effect of different
methods of cooking on B-group vitamins (B1, B2, and B6), As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and some essential elements
(Cu, Co, and Mn) in the main local varieties of Iranian rice.

Background:

Different cooking procedures have been shown to have contradictory benefits in
terms of nutritional value by affecting the bioavailability of vitamins and microminerals.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the effect of different methods
of cooking on B-group vitamins (B1, B2 and B6), As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and some essential elements
(Cu, Co, and Mn) in the main local varieties of Iranian rice.

Method:

The effectiveness of different cooking procedures, including direct cooking
(Dampokht) and cooking by washing the rice with water and draining off the water (Abkesh), on
B1, B2, and B6 vitamins contents and Cd, As, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn elements in the different local
varieties of Iranian rice was evaluated. For the Dampokht method, the non-rinsed cooked samples
were directly used for evaluation, but for the Abkesh method, the cooked rice samples were first
rinsed and then evaluated.

Results:

Generally, our results showed decreased levels of vitamins and trace elements in cooking
with the Abkesh method in comparison to that of Dampokht. Interestingly, the amount of B1 vitamin
increased after the Dampokht method.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that the rice cooking procedure is very important in the maintenance
of B vitamins and trace elements in the foodstuff, and the Abkesh method leads to the loss
of a great deal of water-soluble vitamins and essential elements. However, it is good for decreasing
poisonous heavy metals and should be recommended for populations that consume rice as the
main staple food and who live in the areas with a high level of toxic heavy metals in drinking water.
The Production of Bioactive Peptides by Optimization of Enzymatic
Hydrolysis Process of Protein from Tilapia Fish Skin Waste (Oreochromis
niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) using Alcalase 2.4.L
Authors: Salman Mohammad Siraj , Barbosa Maria Ivone M. J. , Gamallo Ormindo , Barbosa Junior José L.
Published: May 2023

Aims:

This study aimed at developing bioactive peptides by optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis process of protein from tilapia fish skin waste (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) using alcalase 2.4.L.

Background:

Natural bioactive peptides are considered to have low toxicity and therapeutic properties as antioxidants.

Objective:

The conditions of protein hydrolysis obtained from tilapia fish skin waste (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) were optimized using alcalase 2.4.l

Methods:

In this study, the hydrolysis of protein obtained from tilapia fish skin waste (TFSW) was optimized using alcalase 2.4.L by central composite design (CCD). Degree of hydrolysis (DH), radical scavenging activities (DPPH), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used as dependent variables, whereas temperature, pH, and proportion of enzyme to the substrate (PE%) as independent variables.

Results:

The optimum degree of hydrolysis DH%, DPPH, and FRAP were achieved at a temperature of 58.4 ℃, a pH of 8.7, except for DPPH, which was achieved at a pH of 7.0.

Conclusion:

The present work demonstrated that TFSW could be used as a source to produce bioactive peptides with significant antioxidant activities under specific conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis.
Development of Potential Inhibitors for Human T-lymphotropic Virus
Type I Integrase Enzyme: A Molecular Modeling Approach
Authors: Jalili-Nik Mohammad , Soltani Arash , Hashemy Seyed Isaac , Rafatpanah Houshang , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim , Gorji Ali , Griffith Renate , Mashkani Baratali
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome, carried out by the
HTLV-1 integrase enzyme, is a crucial step in the Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1)
life cycle. Thus, HTLV-1 integrase is considered an attractive therapeutic target; however, no clinically
effective inhibitors are available to treat HTLV-1 infection.

Objective:

The main objective was to identify potential drug-like compounds capable of effectively
inhibiting HTLV-1 integrase activity.

Methods:

In this study, a model of HTLV-1 integrase structure and three integrase inhibitors (dolutegravir,
raltegravir, and elvitegravir as scaffolds) were used for designing new inhibitors. Designed
molecules were used as templates for virtual screening to retrieve new inhibitors from
PubChem, ZINC15, and ChEMBL databases. Drug-likeness and docked energy of the molecules
were investigated using the SWISS-ADME portal and GOLD software. Stability and binding energy
of the complexes were further investigated using molecular dynamic (MD) simulation.

Results:

Four novel potential inhibitors were developed using a structure-based design protocol
and three compounds from virtual screening. They formed hydrogen bonding interactions with
critical residues Asp69, Asp12, Tyr96, Tyr143, Gln146, Ile13, and Glu105. In addition, π stacking,
halogen, and hydrogen bond interactions were seen between compounds (especially halogenated
benzyl moieties) and viral DNA similar to those seen in parent molecules. MD simulation
confirmed higher stability of the receptor-ligand complex than the ligand-free enzyme.

Conclusion:

Combing structure-based design and virtual screening resulted in identifying three
drug-like molecules (PubChem CID_138739497, _70381610, and _140084032) that are suggested
as lead compounds for developing effective drugs targeting HTLV-1 integrase enzyme.
A Computational Investigation on Chitosan Derivatives using Pharmacophore-
based Screening, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics
Simulations against Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Sakthivel Kiruba , Ganapathy Priyanka , Chandrasekaran Kirubhanand , Subbaraj Gowtham Kumar , Kulanthaivel Langeswaran
Published: May 2023

Background:

Cancer is one of the most dangerous illnesses to the human body due to
its severity and progressive nature. Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) tumor can appear as painless purple
spots on the legs, foot, or face. This cancer develops in the lining of lymph arteries and blood vessels.
Along with the enlargement of lymph nodes, the vaginal region and the mouth portion are the
additional target areas of KS. DNA-binding proteins known as Sox proteins are found in all
mammals and belong to the HMG box superfamily. They controlled a wide range of developmental
procedures, such as the formation of the germ layer, the growth of organs, and the selection of
the cell type. Human developmental abnormalities and congenital illnesses are frequently caused
by the deletion or mutation of the Sox protein.

Aim:

The purpose of this study is to determine the promising Kaposi's sarcoma inhibitors through
computational studies.

Objective:

In this present study computational approaches were used to evaluate the anti- carcinogenic
efficacy against Kaposi's sarcoma.

Methods:

Ligand-based pharmacophore screening was performed utilising four different chemical
libraries (Asinex, Chembridge, Specs, and NCI Natural products (NSC)) depending on the top
hypothesis. The top hits were examined using molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism
and excretion. Highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
were analysed to determine the lead compounds' biological and pharmacological efficacy. The
results of the study indicated that the leading candidates were possible SOX protein inhibitors.

Conclusion:

The results revealed that the top hits responded to all of the pharmacological druglikening
criteria and had the best interaction residues, fitness scores, and docking scores. The resulting
leads might be potential Kaposi's Sarcoma alternative treatments.
Natural Product-derived Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of Angiotensin
Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2): Promising Drug Candidates for
COVID-19
Authors: Palshetkar Aparna D. , Rasal Aarti U. , Murugan Aruna , Desai Namita D.
Published: May 2023

COVID-19 was deemed a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in February
2020. The prevalence of viral diseases worldwide has increased the importance of receiving immediate
medical attention. There is currently no specific medication or vaccine under consideration to treat
coronavirus infection. For reducing or preventing COVID-19 infections, a number of alternative therapies
are anticipated, including the use of synthetic drugs, vaccines, interferon therapy etc. Due to the
serious side effects of the utilized drug therapies, it is crucial to comprehend the pathogenesis of the
coronavirus and explore safe and efficient treatment.

:

Considering the contribution of plants and herbs in the management of viruses like HIV, Herpes Simplex,
MERS-CoV, and influenza, they can be further utilised for COVID-19 treatment. According to
reports, SARS-CoV2 infects host cells through Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, causing
pneumonia linked to COVID-19 as well as acute myocardial injury and long-term cardiovascular
damage. A cure for SARS-CoV2 may lie in understanding the receptor, its targets, and the mechanism
of viral replication. This review article highlights several plants that have the potential to inhibit
ACE2, including Punica granatum, Citrus aurantium, Allium sativum, Piper longum, Curcuma longa,
and Coriandrum sativum as well as their extracts and phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids,
anthraquinone glycosides, phenolic acids, and others. This review will provide opportunities for researchers
to explore the possibility of developing promising dosage forms that will increase the bioavailability
and in vivo effectiveness of the lead candidates.
Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms in the Rural Areas of India
Authors: Shukla Shalini , Sharma Priyanka , Gupta Priya , Pandey Shikha , Agrawal Reshu , Rathour Deepak , Kumar Kewat Dharmendra , Singh Ramu , Kumar Thakur Sunil , Paliwal Rishi , Sulakhiya Kunjbihari
Published: May 2023

Background:

Pharmacovigilance (PV) deals with the detection, collection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects associated with drugs. The objective of PV is to ensure the safety of the medicines and patients by monitoring and reporting all adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with prescribed medicine usage. Findings have indicated that about 0.2- 24% of hospitalization cases are due to ADRs, of which 3.7% of patients have lethal ADRs. The reasons include the number of prescribed drugs, an increased number of new medicines in the market, an inadequate PV system for ADR monitoring, and a need for more awareness and knowledge about ADR reporting. Severe ADRs lead to enhanced hospital stays, increased treatment costs, risk of death, and many medical and economic consequences. Therefore, ADR reporting at its first instance is essential to avoid further harmful effects of the prescribed drugs. In India, the rate of ADR reporting is less than 1%, whereas worldwide, it is 5% due to a need for more awareness about PV and ADR monitoring among healthcare providers and patients. The main objective of this review is to highlight the current scenario and possible futuristic ways of ADR reporting methods in rural areas of India. We have searched the literature using PubMed, Google scholar, Indian citation index to retrieve the resources related to ADR monitoring and reporting in India's urban and rural areas. Spontaneous reporting is the most commonly used PV method to report ADRs in India's urban and rural areas. Evidence revealed that no effective ADR reporting mechanisms developed in rural areas causing underreporting of ADR, thus increasing the threat to the rural population. Hence, PV and ADR reporting awareness among healthcare professionals and patients, telecommunication, telemedicine, use of social media and electronic medical records, and artificial intelligence are the potential approaches for prevention, monitoring, and reporting of ADRs in rural areas.
High-sensitive Cardiospecific Troponins: The Role of Sex-specific Concentration
in the Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome (Mini-Review)
Authors: Chaulin Aleksey
Published: May 2023

Cardiospecific troponins are specifically localized in the troponin-tropomyosin complex
and the cytoplasm of cardiac myocytes. Cardiospecific troponin molecules are released from cardiac
myocytes upon their death (irreversible damage in acute coronary syndrome) or reversible
damage to cardiac myocytes, for example, during physical exertion or the influence of stress factors.
Modern high-sensitive immunochemical methods for detecting cardiospecific troponins T and
I are extremely sensitive to minimal reversible damage to cardiac myocytes. This makes it possible
to detect damage to cardiac myocytes in the early stages of the pathogenesis of many extra-cardiac
and cardiovascular diseases, including acute coronary syndrome. So, in 2021, the European Society
of Cardiology approved diagnostic algorithms for the acute coronary syndrome, which allow the
diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in the first 1-2 hours from the moment of admission of the
patient to the emergency department. However, high-sensitive immunochemical methods for detecting
cardiospecific troponins T and I may also be sensitive to physiological and biological factors,
which are important to consider in order to establish a diagnostic threshold (99 percentile).
One of the important biological factors that affect the 99 percentile levels of cardiospecific troponins
T and I are sex characteristics. This article examines the mechanisms underlying the development
of sex-specific serum levels of cardiospecific troponins T and I and the importance of sexspecific
cardiospecific troponin concentrations in diagnosing acute coronary syndrome.
Role of Molnupiravir in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Sharma Aman , Patil Vaishali M. , Dahiya Meenakshi , Singh Gaurav Pratap , Malik Anirudh
Published: May 2023

Background:

Molnupiravir is a ribonucleoside analog and exhibits its antiviral mechanism by inhibiting replication. Preclinical studies have been reported that support the role of Molnupiravir towards the prophylaxis, cure, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to it, clinical studies have confirmed its activity against the most common variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Objective:

The manuscript aims to demonstrate the rationale behind the clinical use of Molnupiravir in the treatment of COVID-19 infection at the early stage of the onset of symptoms specific to five days.

Methodology:

A thorough literature search has been carried out using various suitable keywords to extract details on the antiviral mechanism, preclinical, and clinical use of Molnupiravir, its safety, tolerability, dosage, duration of treatment, etc.

Results:

The reported studies demonstrate the antiviral action of Molnupiravir by viral error catastrophe mechanism which results in the inhibition of the viral multiplication activity when it enters inside the host cells. The manuscript delivers complete detail regarding pharmacokinetic and pharmacological actions, usage, and various preclinical and clinical studies reported for this newly evaluated drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:

The study concludes Molnupiravir has the potential in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. When used along with vaccines, it would be a low-cost, valuable, and incredible asset as an oral anti-COVID drug for saving human life.
Novel Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Methotrexate for Topical
Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Al-Nemrawi Nusaiba K. , Khafajah Areej S. , Alzoubi Karem H.
Published: May 2023

Aims:

In this work, CS NPs were prepared by the ionic gelation method and encapsulated
with MTX to treat psoriasis dermally.

Background:

A major drawback of using MTX to treat psoriasis is its limited diffusion through the
skin, which may cause insufficient penetration of MTX into the basal layer of the epidermis, where psoriatic
cells are generated.

Objective:

Nanoparticles have been used to enhance MTX diffusion through the skin. The system prepared
in this work is expected to direct the drug to psoriasis cells by enhancing the drug diffusion
through the skin, which will increase the amount of the drug reaching the epidermis. This is expected to
enhance the effectiveness of the drug and to decrease its systemic side effects.

Methods:

Five formulations of Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and loaded with Methotrexate using
the ionic gelation technique. Particle size, dispersity, charge, loading capacity and encapsulation efficacy
were measured. Characterization of prepared nanoparticles was conducted to confirm the formation
of CS-NPs, successful encapsulation of MTX and its compatibility with other formulation components.
In vitro drug release from CS-NPs, its permeation and accumulation in rats’ skin were explored.
Finally, the anti-psoriatic activity was assessed using the “mouse tail model.”

Results:

The results showed that the sizes ranged from 132.13 ± 0.70 to 300.60 ± 4.81 nm, where SEM
demonstrated the spherical and uniform distribution of the NPs. The surface charge of all NPs was highly
positive and ranged from 20.22 ± 1.10 to 30.90 ± 0.70 mV. Further, the EE% and LC% of the nanoparticles
were in the range of 77.72%-92.70% and 17.90%-21.81%, respectively. in vitro, the release of
methotrexate from the nanoparticles was sustained. Additionally, both the permeation and retention of
drugs within the skin were enhanced significantly using this system. Eventually, orthokeratosis% and
drug activity% showed significant superiority of MTX-CS NPs over the free drug in treating psoriasis in
model mice.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, MTX-CS NPs can be used to enhance the treatment of psoriasis topically.
Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract is Effective against Biofilms of
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Interferes on the
Activity of Antimicrobial Drugs
Authors: da Costa Gustavo José , dos Santos Renan Martins , Ceravolo Isabela Penna , Freire Gabriel Pimenta , Dias Souza Marcus Vinícius
Published: May 2023

Background:

Given the lack of options for treating infectious diseases, it is urgent to
explore new antimicrobials. Plant food historically represents relevant sources of antimicrobial
molecules.

Objective:

Here, we show that green tea can eradicate biofilms and planktonic cells of clinical
isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods:

We conducted in vitro antimicrobial activity tests (MIC, MBC, MBEC). Cytotoxicity
tests were conducted using BGM cells. We used UPLC and GC-MS to detect flavonoids and other
relevant phytomolecules. The antioxidant potential was assessed using the β-carotene bleaching
test. The extract was combined to clinically relevant antimicrobial drugs in vitro to investigate
possible synergism or antagonism.

Results:

To the best of our knowledge, MIC values are among the lowest ever described for the
alcoholic extract (8 μg/mL). The extract presented elevated antioxidant potential and was not
toxic to BGM cells. When the extract was combined to clinically relevant antimicrobial drugs,
statistically significant antagonism was frequent for the drugs used against S. aureus isolates,
whilst significant synergism was observed for some drugs used against P. aeruginosa isolates.

Conclusion:

Our data open doors for exploring isolated molecules from green tea extract against
bacterial biofilms, and for developing formulations for clinical treatments.
External and Internal Qualities of Chicken Eggs Early Production at Various Storage Times at Room Temperature
Authors: Krisnaningsih Aju , Leondro Henny , Lija Fabiana , Setiawan Alfindo Agung
Published: May 2023

Eggs are one of the consumed foods that contain many essential amino acid nutrients such as lysine, tryptophan, and methionine. Egg quality can be seen from the storability of eggs after they are produced. This study aims to evaluate the effect of various storage lengths on the external and internal quality of chicken egg consumption of the Isa Brown strain at the beginning of production at room temperature. The research method is a Laboratories experiment using a Complete Randomized Design. The study treatment consisted of egg storage duration for 0 days (P0), 7 days (P1), 14 days (P2), and 21 days (P3) with 4 repeats and each test unit of 4 eggs. The research variables include external qualities: egg weight, egg index, shell weight, and eggshell thickness, then internal qualities: egg white index, yolk index, yolk color, and egg pH. The data obtained in this study were analyzed with ANOVA, if there are differences between treatments, then proceed with the the Least Significant Differenttest. The results showed that the duration of deviation had a very noticeable influence (P<0.01) on the external quality of the egg including:egg weight, weightand thickness of the eggshell, and no influence (P>0.01) on the egg index. The length of storage also has a very noticeable influence on the internal quality of eggs (P<0.01). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the initial chicken eggs of production at a storage duration of up to 21 days at room temperature experience a decrease in external and internal qualities but still meet the Standards National Indonesia 3926:2008
Brasil y Turquía como potencias medias y regionales
Authors: Sezek E. Nur , Jaramillo-Jassir Mauricio
Published: May 2023

Con el fin de la Guerra Fría, potencias emergentes como Brasil, China, India, Rusia y Turquía han luchado por imponer una voz en la denominada gobernanza global. Como consecuencia, el sistema internacional, aunque marcado aún por una hegemonía estadounidense, parece estar cambiando. De hecho, desde principios de la década del 2000, Brasil y Turquía han incrementado su participación en la gobernanza global, hasta el punto de alcanzar cierta legitimidad como potencias medias o regionales. A fin de establecer el alcance regional y global de estos dos poderes emergentes, este artículo aborda las preguntas sobre qué factores dan cuenta de la proyección de Brasil y Turquía como potencias medias y cómo se diferencian sus trayectorias en política exterior.
Strength, competition, ideology and rationality
Authors: Rivera-Lozada Isabel Cristina , Gomez-Sanchez Andres Mauricio , Rivadeneira-Daza Jorge Luis
Published: May 2023

The objective of this document is to investigate the factors that determine the claims of terrorist attacks worldwide by terrorist groups and to stablish the probability of recurrence. To determine the claims, we used a logistic discrete choice regression model. Besides, for the probability of repeating an attack, we implemented a dynamic negative binomial stochastic model with panel data. As far as we know, this last topic and modeling have not been previously considered. The main results indicate that claims increase when there is harm caused to civilians, attack coercion, competition among groups and Islamic ideology; while the possibility of repeating an attack gets reduced with the number of fatal victims and human rights violations, but it increases with government support to terrorist groups.
Amnistía en el posacuerdo
Authors: Pinilla-León Jenniffer , Rodríguez-Castillo Yenifer Yeraldin
Published: May 2023

La amnistía constituye una herramienta de uso frecuente en procesos transicionales. Colombia acogió la posibilidad de aplicar amnistías en el marco del acuerdo de paz, en concordancia con el paradigma restaurativo que plantea dicho acuerdo. Por ello establece en el punto cinco la creación del Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y no Repetición, del cual hace parte la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz que, a su vez, tiene tres salas de justicia, entre las cuales se encuentra la Sala de Amnistía e Indultos, que tiene la competencia decisoria sobre estos asuntos. A la fecha, ha proferido importantes decisiones que representan un insumo esencial para analizar la coherencia argumentativa, los límites de esta figura y el amparo de los derechos de las víctimas a la justicia, verdad, reparación y no repetición.
Effectiveness of online differentiated instruction in term of students' mathematical problem solving ability
Authors: Siburian Rosinta , Simanjuntak Sinta Dameria , Simorangkir Frida Marta
Published: May 2023

Differentiated instruction is proposed to ensure that students receive learning activities that meet their prior-ability, characters, or needs. This study aims to examine the mathematical problem-solving ability of students who received differentiation learning in comparison to those who attended conventional learning. Conducted in a Catholic Junior High School in Medan during the 2020/2021 academic year, this quasi-experimental study was set in Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The population in this study were all eigth-graders from 7 parallel groups with 31 people in each. The sample in this study was 22 students consisting of 11 students for the experimental class and 11 students for the control class. The results showed that the average value of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities who participated in differentiation learning was 71.02, while that of conventional learning was 62.73. The difference in the average value of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in the experimental class and control class is 8.29. From the results of hypothesis testing, the value of tcount = 2.68 and ttable = 1.725 means that tcount t table is 2.68 1.725. This means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, hence, the mathematical problem solving ability of students who joined differentiation learning (Differentiated Instruction) is better than those who attended the conventional learning.
MU-math: educational game to improve students’ mathematical reasoning
Authors: Zahra M Daenasty Caezar , Setiawani Susi , Hussen Saddam
Published: May 2023

Learning media are tools utilized to support the interaction of students with educators and learning resources in the implementation of the teaching and learning process. This development research uses the Thiagarajan or 4-D model with four stages: defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The subjects of this research were grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Umbulsari. The analytical method is validity analysis based upon validation by two lecturers of the Mathematics Education Study Program, FKIP University of Jember, and one mathematics teacher from SMP Negeri 1 Umbulsari.  Practicality analysis was based on user response questionnaires and interviews, and effectiveness analysis using pretest/pretest and final test/posttest. This study uses the educational Game Mu Math on numbering pattern material to improve students' mathematical reasoning with the help of Unity software. MU Math Game is a PC (Personal Computer) based Game developed using Unity Engine Software and Lego Assets Tools. The MU Math game is an Adventure Open world type where players can explore through the maps provided. There are two levels and one mathematical reasoning to test students' mathematical reasoning abilities.
Development of learning tools based on realistic mathematics approach that oriented to high school students' mathematical generalization ability
Authors: Hayuningrat Silfia , Rosnawati Raden
Published: May 2023

Generalization ability need to be encouraged in learning mathematics, students with generalization abilities can expand and transfer knowledge to practical knowledge. This research aims to develop learning material based on realistic mathematisc approach that oriented to generalization ability. The learning materials’developed is lesson plans and student worksheets. This is research and development with an ADDIE model. The instruments used in this study were the evaluation sheets, response questionnaire for teachers and students and tests of mathematical generalization ability.  The data analysis technique used was descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The design of the learning materials focuses on aspects of the mathematical generalization ability of high school students by presenting real problems. Student activities are designed to solve real issues related to pattern analysis, focus on student contributions to find conjectures, and design interactions so students can proceed to the abstraction stage using concept linkages. So students can make conclusions regarding the given concept in response to such issues. The results show that the validity qualifications of lesson plans and student worksheets are good and very good, the practical qulifications are very good. The learning materials comply with effective based on completeness tests of generalization ability of 82.26 with good qualifications
Changes in the Nutritional Status of Children from North Korean Refugee Families Following Resettlement in South Korea
Authors: Kim So-Yeong , Gu Hyae-Min , Choi Seong-Woo
Published: May 2023

Purpose: This study evaluated changes in growth and nutritional status using the first basic and the second repeated surveys on children from North Korean refugee families who settled in South Korea.Methods: A total of 337 children were included in the survey. Using a structured questionnaire, the data collected included sex, date of birth, country of birth, date of entry to South Korea, and birth parents’nationality. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and obesity were evaluated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart for Children and Adolescents.Results: The prevalence of stunting decreased from 7.9% in the first survey to 6.9% in the second survey; that of underweight decreased from 6.0% to 4.7%; and that of wasting decreased from 6.3% to 3.5%; however, these changes were not statistically significant. The prevalence of obesity significantly increased from 8.0% to 13.2% in the first and second surveys, respectively (p=0.037). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of malnutrition according to the length of stay in South Korea or the children’s country of birth. However, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in children with longer lengths of stay and in those born in South Korea.Conclusion: Although children from North Korean refugee families have settled in South Korea for a long time, the rate of malnutrition is still high, and the prevalence of obesity continuously increases.
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Yang Seung-Woo , Seo Yong-Soo
Published: May 2023

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common hematologic abnormality, which is a reduction in the concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood in pregnancy because Iron requirements increase during pregnancy. Since a failure to maintain sufficient levels of iron may result in adverse maternal-fetal consequences, active counseling and support from medical staff are necessary. Regarding the points to note during treatment, this document is to provide a brief overview of the IDA and medical management during pregnancy.
Digital Health App to Address Disparate HIV Outcomes Among Black Women Living in Metro-Atlanta: Protocol for a Multiphase, Mixed Methods Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Chandler Rasheeta , Farinu Oluyemi T O , Guillaume Dominique , Francis Sherilyn , Parker Andrea G , Shah Kewal , Hernandez Natalie D ,   Synergistic Sisters in Science
Published: May 2023

Background

Cisgender Black women in the southern United States are at heightened risk for HIV and adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Mobile health interventions that target HIV risk while being adapted to the needs and lived experiences of Black women are remarkably limited.

Objective

The study aims to refine SavvyHER, a mobile app for HIV prevention, with Black women residing in high HIV incidence areas of Georgia and evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of SavvyHER. This paper describes the procedures implemented to conduct this research.

Methods

Community-based participatory research tenets guide this multiphase study to finalize the development of what we hypothesize will be an effective, sustainable, and culturally relevant HIV prevention and optimal sexual health and reproductive wellness app for Black women. This multiphased, mixed methods study consists of 3 phases. The first phase entails focus groups with Black women to understand their preferences for the functionality and design of a beta prototype version of SavvyHER. In the second phase, an app usability pretest (N=10) will be used to refine and optimize the SavvyHER app. The final phase will entail a pilot randomized controlled trial (N=60) to evaluate the app’s feasibility and usability in preparation for a larger trial.

Results

Findings from preliminary focus groups revealed educational content, app aesthetics, privacy considerations, and marketing preferred by Black women, thus informing the first functional SavvyHER prototype. As we adapt and test the feasibility of SavvyHER, we hypothesize that the app will be an effective, sustainable, and culturally relevant HIV prevention, sexual health, and reproductive wellness tool for Black women.

Conclusions

The findings from this research substantiate the importance of developing health interventions curated for and by Black women to address critical HIV disparities. The knowledge gained from this research can reduce HIV disparities among Black women through a targeted intervention that centers on their health needs and priorities.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/42712
Pulse-Based Nutrition Education Intervention Among High School Students to Enhance Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: Pilot for a Formative Survey Study
Authors: Teshome Getenesh Berhanu , Haileslassie Hiwot Abebe , Shand Phyllis , Lin Yun , Lieffers Jessica R L , Henry Carol
Published: May 2023

Background

Promoting pulse consumption in schools could improve students’ healthy food choices. Pulses, described as legumes, are rich in protein and micronutrients and are an important food choice for health and well-being. However, most Canadians consume very little pulse-based food.

Objective

This pilot study sought to investigate outcomes of a teacher-led, school-based food literacy intervention focused on the Pulses Make Perfect Sense (PMPS) program in 2 high schools in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.

Methods

Both high schools were selected using a convenience sampling technique and have similar sociodemographic characteristics. The mean age of students was 16 years. The intervention comprised 7 key themes focused on pulses, which included defining pulses; health and nutritional benefits of pulses; incorporating pulses into meals; the role of pulses in reducing environmental stressors, food insecurity, and malnutrition; product development; taste testing and sensory analysis; and pulses around the world. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers regarding pulse consumption in students at baseline and study end. Teachers were interviewed at the end of the intervention. Descriptive statistics and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis.

Results

In total, 41 and 32 students participated in the baseline and study-end assessments, respectively. At baseline, the median knowledge score was 9, attitude score was 6, and barrier score was 0. At study end, the median knowledge score was 10, attitude score was 7, and barrier score was 1. A lower score for barriers indicated fewer barriers to pulse consumption. There was a significant difference between baseline and study-end scores in knowledge (P<.05). Barriers to pulse consumption included parents not cooking or consuming pulses at home, participants not liking the taste of pulses, and participants often preferring other food choices over pulses. The teachers indicated that the pulse food-literacy teaching resources were informative, locally available, and easy to use.

Conclusions

Despite the improvements in knowledge, attitude, and practice, pulse consumption did not change significantly at the end of the intervention. Future studies with larger samples are needed to determine the impact of PMPS on knowledge, attitude, and practice of high school students.
The Push-Pull Mentoring Model: Ensuring the Success of Mentors and Mentees
Authors: Silver Julie K , Gavini Nara
Published: May 2023

Mentorship is vital for professional development in academic research and clinical practice, yet it faces challenges due to a limited number of experienced mentors and a lack of protected time for mentorship that may disproportionately affect women mentors in midcareer who are doing much of this “invisible work.” The Push-Pull Mentoring Model offers a potential solution by emphasizing shared responsibility and active engagement between mentors and mentees; it fosters a flexible and collaborative approach that is mutually (though not necessarily equally) supportive of both individuals’ career goals, with mentees pushing mentors up and facilitating opportunities in their realm of influence, including but not limited to sponsorship, while mentors are simultaneously pulling them up. The Push-Pull Mentoring Model provides a promising alternative to traditional mentoring models and may help institutions address the challenges associated with limited mentorship resources.
Patient-Caregiver Portal System in Palliative Oncology: Assessment of Usability and Perceived Benefit (Preprint)
Authors: Longacre Margaret L , Chwistek Marcin , Keleher Cynthia , Siemon Mark , Egleston Brian L , Collins Molly , Fang Carolyn Y
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

The engagement of family caregivers in oncology is not universal or systematic.

OBJECTIVE

We implemented a process intervention (ie, patient-caregiver portal system) with an existing patient portal system to (1) allow a patient to specify their caregiver and communication preferences with that caregiver, (2) connect the caregiver to a unique caregiver-specific portal page to indicate their needs, and (3) provide an electronic notification of the dyad’s responses to the care team to inform clinicians and connect the caregiver to resources as needed.

METHODS

We assessed usability and satisfaction with this patient-caregiver portal system among patients with cancer receiving palliative care, their caregivers, and clinicians.

RESULTS

Of 31 consented patient-caregiver dyads, 20 patients and 19 caregivers logged in. Further, 60% (n=12) of patients indicated a preference to communicate equally or together with their caregiver. Caregivers reported high emotional (n=9, 47.3%), financial (n=6, 31.6%), and physical (n=6, 31.6%) caregiving-related strain. The care team received all patient-caregiver responses electronically. Most patients (86.6%, 13/15 who completed the user experience interview) and caregivers (94%, 16/17 who completed the user experience interview) were satisfied with the system, while, of the 6 participating clinicians, 66.7% agreed “quite a bit” (n=1, 16.7%) or “very much” (n=3, 50%) that the system allowed them to provide better care.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings demonstrate system usability, including a systematic way to identify caregiver needs and share with the care team in a way that is acceptable to patients and caregivers and perceived by clinicians to benefit clinical care. Integration of a patient-caregiver portal system may be an effective approach for systematically engaging caregivers. These findings highlight the need for additional research among caregivers of patients with less advanced cancer or with different illnesses.

CLINICALTRIAL