bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of ejaculate volume and sperm motility depending on the age and intensity of utilization of boars
Authors: Savic R. , Petrovic M. , Radojkovic D. , Radovic C. , Parunovic N. , Pusic M. , Radisic R.
Published: January 2014

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of age (A) and
the intensity of the boars' utilization (s) on the phenotypic variability of
ejaculate volume (VOL) and sperm motility (MO). The study included 274
ejaculates of Large White boars (LW). Boars were divided into six classes
according the age when the ejaculate was taken (10-13, 14-17, 18-21, 22-25,
26-29 and ?30 months). Semen samples were analyzed during four seasons
(spring, summer, autumn, winter). The intensity of the use of boars was seen
as the impact of the group (class) of intervals between two successful
collections (I; ? 5 , 6, 7 , 8, 9-10, 11-13, 14-21 days). Data processing was
performed using the GLM procedure using the statistical package SAS 9.1.3
(SAS Inst. Inc., 2002-2003). Average values of VOL, MO, I, A, were: 178.94
ml, 90.35%, 9.37 days and 655.93 days. The effect of boars on both studied
sperm traits was highly significant (p<0.001). The volume of ejaculate varied
under the influence of boar age (p<0.001) and season (p<0.01). The effect of
I on VOL and MO was not significant (p>0.05). Traits VOL and MO varied
(p<0.001) between boars which indicated the need for individual control of
each of boars used for artificial insemination. The highest VOL was
determined in boars at the age of 26 to 29 months, and the difference to the
boars aged 10-13 months was 62.70 ml (p<0.001). No statistically significant
differences in regard to VOL between boars older than 17 months (from class 3
to 6) were recorded. The highest differences between winter and spring period
were determined in mean values of VOL (32.15 ml; p<0.01). In the winter
period, boar ejaculate volume was lower than in the autumn (-26.57 ml) and
the difference determined was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Yield potential and quality of forage mixtures of alfalfa with cocksfoot and tall fescue depending on the nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Bijelic Z. , Tomic Z. , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Mandic V. , Simic A. , Vuckovic S.
Published: January 2014

The study was performed at the Institute for Animal Husbandry in the three
year period, in field and laboratory conditions. The experiment involved two
mixtures of grasses and legumes: mixture A ( alfalfa (cv. K -28 ), 50% and
cocksfoot (cv. K-40 ), 50% ) and mixture B (alfalfa (cv. K -28 ), 33.3 % ,
cocksfoot (cv. K -40) , 33.3 %, and tall fescue (cv. K -20) , 33.3 % ), and
pure stand of alfalfa (M). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block
design with four replications. Fertilization was carried out using the split
method, in quantities of 0, 70 and 140 kg N ha -1. The aim of this study was
to determine the phytocoenological stability of mixture of alfalfa (Medicago
sativa L.) with cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca
arundinacea Schreb.), the yield and quality of fodder obtained from the
grassland, depending on the mixture composition and nitrogen fertilization.
Studied factors had a statistically significant impact on dry matter yield
and protein yield. Alfalfa has achieved significantly higher yields compared
to its mixtures. Dry matter yield increased with the addition of N
fertilizers. Protein yield was highest in pure alfalfa crop, followed by its
mixture cocksfoot. Fertilization has also increased protein yield.
Effects of agroecological conditions and hybrid combinations on maize seed germination
Authors: Tabakovic M. , Glamoclija Dj. , Jovanovic S. , Popovic V. , Simic D. , Andjelkovic S.
Published: January 2014

Germination energy and seed germination of four maize combinations cultivated
under different growing conditions were observed. Analysis of hybrid seed of
four commercial combinations derived at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun
Polje, grown in three locations, were done on the working sample of 4 x 100
seeds under laboratory conditions. The experimental data was processed for
the mean and total variability (X and C.V.) for both seed traits and for each
test variant. The total average values of germination energy and germination
in the period of investigation amounted to 94.5% and 94.8%, respectively. The
coefficient of variation for germination energy was 0.67%, while for
germination it was 0.39%. In the five-year study, the hybrid combination
ZP704 had the highest values of germination energy (95.9%) and total
germination (96.3%).Test results indicate that coefficients of variations for
both observed traits over years were low, which points out to homogeneity of
the material. Significant effects of factors (hybrid and location) and their
interaction on observed seed properties were established by the analysis of
variance. Gained results indicate that all four hybrids had high level of
expression of traits under changeable agroecological conditions, as well as,
a great effect of factors (hybrid and location) on germination energy and
seed germination.
Importance and application of marketing in small animal practice
Authors: Vidic V. , Savic S. , Vidic B. , Grgic Z.
Published: January 2014

The main goals of marketing are the following: firstly, to attract new
customers by emphasizing the potential value of the product or service
offered and secondly, to keep the existing customers by keeping them
satisfied with the product or service by constantly producing superior value
and exceeding their expectations. Contrary to the U.S.A., where greatest
achievements were accomplished in the field of marketing theory and
application and its implementation into veterinary practice, as well as in
appropriate perception of importance of marketing idea and philosophy, this
issue has not been appropriately addressed in our country. The main goal of
marketing in veterinary practice is not only to sell a product or service,
but also to create mutual profitable long-term relations with clients.
Disregarding personal reasons for practicing veterinary medicine,
particularly in small-animal practice, the veterinarian should approach such
practice as any other business activity that should provide profits. In that
respect, it is of key importance to adopt marketing approach and management
concept. The four basic marketing instruments are product, price, promotion
and place that make so-called marketing mix, which is applicable also in the
veterinary practice. In veterinary medicine, the product pertains to spent
items (e.g. drugs, food) or veterinary services. By determining the price,
the basis is the cost price and added profit margin, depending on the product
or service offered. The promotion encompasses communication with the owners,
presenting them products and services offered, describing the features of the
clinic or infirmary, etc. Contrary to other business branches, position of
veterinary unit is not so important, yet it must provide good communication
with animal owner. The overall experience of the customer, starting from
entering the clinic/infirmary until leaving it, must be professional,
pleasant and effective. Only accomplishing this goal will enable
competitiveness or justify even a higher price for a superior service.
Substituted proline derivatives as organocatalysts in Michael reaction
Authors: Jovanovic Predrag , Randjelovic Jelena , Ivkovic Branka , Suteu Cristina , Tokic-Vujosevic Zorana , Savic Vladimir
Published: January 2014

Chiral, polysubstituted proline esters, obtained via cycloaddition reactions
of azomethine ylides, have been studied as organocatalysts in Michael
reaction of aldehydes/ketones and vinylsulphones. Under optimised reaction
conditions employing 10 mol% of the catalyst in wet CH2Cl2 yields of the
products were generally good while the enantioselectivity varied reaching up
to 52%.
Changes in Vitamin C Content and Soluble Solids of Carrot Content (Daucus Carota L.) During Storage / Zmeny v Obsahu Vitamínu C a Rozpustnej Sušiny Mrkvy (Daucus Carota L.) Počas Skladovania
Authors: Valšíková Magdaléna , Šlosár Miroslav , Ryban Rudolf , Shehata Sami , Hegedűsová Alžbeta
Published: January 2014

The average vitamin C content of fresh carrots was 56 mg.kg-1. Amount of vitamin C was reduced by the length of storage and storage environment. On average, the most significant decrease in vitamin C to 24.4 mg.kg-1 under laboratory conditions was reported after 56 days when stored carrots were packed in plastic box. When stored in a refrigerator, the vitamin C content decreased to 24.7 mg.kg-1 after 126 days of storage in a plastic box. During both experimental periods in laboratory conditions, the most vitamin C was preserved while being wrapped plastic wrap. This way of packaging also enabled relatively long-term preservation of freshness in variety called “Komarno”, which was up to 60 days. The second best option in this respect is the packed carrot in microtene bags. The least convenient was to store the carrots open without packaging. In the case of refrigerated storage, the options of packaging in plastic wrap and microtene bags were also the best. The most significant decline in vitamin C was found in the variant without packaging and in the food box. Average soluble solids (refractometry dry matter) content in fresh roots reached 7.6%. During storage under laboratory conditions, the SS values increased to 14.8% after 14 days when the carrot was stored open without packaging. In the refrigerator, the soluble solids content in carrots increased to 12.7% after 28 days of storage without packaging. Increase in soluble solids content was mainly caused by transpiration process. Under laboratory conditions, evaporation and increase of soluble solids were faster compared to the variants stored in the cooler
Influence of Different Soil Substrates, Planting Time and Stem Cuttings Type on Vegetative Propagation and Growth Characteristics of Vitex Agnus-Castus L. / Vplyv Rôznych Pôdnych Substrátov, Času Výsadby a Typov Stonkových Odrezkov na Vegetatívne Rozmnožovanie a Rastové Vlastnosti Vitex Agnus-Castus L.
Authors: Alkurdi Maryam I. S. , Mustafa Sabiha S. , Supuka Ján
Published: January 2014

The study of vegetative propagation of the Vitex agnus-castus L., was conducted in the Agriculture College - Salahaddin University field under controlled condition (plastic greenhouse) in two periods (summer time: from 26.5.2008 to 2.9.2008 and winter time: from 15.1.2009 to 28.4.2009). The object of the studies were different soil substrates (sand and river (sharp) sand - sand and peat moss - sand and river (sharp) sand and peat moss). We used two types of stem cuttings (semi-hardwood cuttings „m“ - softwood cuttings „a“). The statistical analysis is based on the experimental project Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results were compared with results from Duncan test at 0.05 level. The study showed that planting in the second period (T2) causes increase in number of branches and leaves, whereas planting in the first period (T1) causes increase in number of roots and root length, the increase in the weight of biomass and dry mass has been observed in the second period of planting (T2). Planting in the sand substrate using semi-hardwood cuttings (m) causes increase in number of branches, leaves, fresh weight, number of roots and root length
COPPER IN THE SEDIMENTS IN SELECTED BANSKÁ ŠTIAVNICA WATER RESERVOIRS / MEĎ V SEDIMENTOCH VO VYBRANÝCH BANSKO-ŠTIAVNICKÝCH VODNÝCH NÁDRŽIACH
Authors: Urminská Jana , Ondrišík Peter , Prokeinová Renáta
Published: January 2014

The aim of this paper was to analyze and evaluate sediments of selected water reservoirs Počúvadlo, Malá Richňava, Veľká Richňava, Windšachta, in order to determine the concentrations of copper in the monitored water reservoirs in the Banská Štiavnica region. The analyses of the sediment samples were carried out by flow electrochemistry and atomic absorption spectrometry. In the study area, the samples were collected from 2001 to 2010; we found the following concentrations of copper in the range from 1.66 mg.kg-1 to 14.0 mg.kg-1 Cu of dry matter. The copper concentrations in the sediments were well below the risk limit according to “The Methodological Instruction of the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic no. 549/98-2”. Based on the calculated dependency index, it is possible to assess the development of changes in the concentrations over the years as highly dynamic, and unsatisfactory for natural environment.
Seeing the EU from Outside its Borders: Changing Images of Europe
Authors: Chaban Natalia , Holland Martin
Published: January 2014

This paper outlines the importance of the studies of EU external perceptions in the Asia-Pacific region in the times of global multipolar redesign and an ongoing eurozone sovereign debt crisis. It links understanding of the concepts of EU external images and EU international ‘branding’ to the conduct of the EU’s foreign policy. The paper also details the methodology of the transnational comparative research project ‘The EU in the Eyes of Asia Pacific’ which informs all contributions to this Issue. The paper then presents those contributions which explore EU external perceptions in nine Asia-Pacific locations, members of the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) process: China, Japan, South Korea, India, Singapore, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and Russia.
Who Acts for the EU before and after the Lisbon Treaty? The View through the Media in Singapore and Thailand
Authors: Hwee Yeo Lay , Yeong Loke Hoe
Published: January 2014

This paper seeks to determine whether the EU has accomplished its objectives concerning the visibility of EU external action, which the Lisbon Treaty sought to achieve. The role of Catherine Ashton as the EU’s High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, together with the newly formed European External Action Service (EEAS) which supports her work, aimed to “effectively project European values and interests worldwide” (Šefčovič, n.d.) and to make Europe “an actor on the global stage” (Europa, n.d.). Despite the sui generis nature of the internal functioning of the EU, there is a strong case in academic literature that the EU can be studied as an international actor like any other state actor. Southeast Asia, represented in this article by Singapore and Thailand, is a key region to test whether the post-Lisbon EU has reached the status of a key actor on the global stage. The findings from media research carried out in 2006 and 2011 (i. e. before and after the Lisbon Treaty) suggest that the EU has failed to achieve its stated aims.
Russian Vision of the EU in its Interactions with the Neighbourhood
Authors: Gulyaeva Olga
Published: January 2014

This article analyses images of the European Union (EU) existing in the discourse of the Russian news media, the general public and the Russian elites. The EU’s actions in the countries of Russia’s “near neighbourhood” and “far neighbourhood” were among the leading topics, showing high interest in the intensive Russia-EU political relations. The data of this paper comes from a year of monitoring of three daily newspapers, face-to-face interviews with political, business, media and civil society representatives and a public opinion survey. This analysis observed that both partnership and competition exist in Russia-EU political relations.
The Linearity of Riemann Integral on Functions from ℝ into Real Banach Space
Authors: Narita Keiko , Endou Noboru , Shidama Yasunari
Published: January 2014

In this article, we described basic properties of Riemann integral on functions from R into Real Banach Space. We proved mainly the linearity of integral operator about the integral of continuous functions on closed interval of the set of real numbers. These theorems were based on the article [10] and we referred to the former articles about Riemann integral. We applied definitions and theorems introduced in the article [9] and the article [11] to the proof. Using the definition of the article [10], we also proved some theorems on bounded functions.
Initiatives and Pitfalls in Medical Care and Education in a Digital Age
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam
Published: January 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v6i2.17641Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2013; 6(2): 37-39
Evaluation of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Activity for Diagnosis of Tubercular Pleural Effusion
Authors: Bhoumik SK , Rahman MM , Ibrahim M , Hiron MM , Ahamad M
Published: January 2014

To find out a sensitive and specific marker for early diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion, this cross sectional study was carried out in the of National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka. One hundred and three pleural effusion cases were enrolled in the study. Out of the 103 cases, 62 were tubercular pleural effusion cases and 49 were nontubercular cases. Among the nontubercular cases, 30 cases were due to malignancy, 8 were due to pneumonia and rest 3 cases were due to nephrotic syndrome, congestive cardiac failure and rheumatoid arthritis. Considering 40 U/L as a cut off value for ADA level, the test result was positive in 58 out of 62 patients of tuberculosis indicating sensitivity of the test as 94%; however, among 41 non-tuberculous patients, 5 presented ADA activity level more than 40U/L, which lowers the specificity of the test to 88%. ADA levels were significantly higher in tuberculous than in nontuberculous cases (p value <0.001). It may be concluded that ADA levels are significantly high in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion compared to that in non-tubercular group. Sensitivity (94%) and specificity (88%) of the test in tuberculous pleural effusions are very high, when cut off value set at 40U/L. The result indicated that the analysis of ADA levels in pleural effusion constitute a very useful marker for the diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion (TPE) which, in addition, can be made quickly in a noninvasive way. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v6i2.17642 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2013; 6(2): 40-48
Purification and Characterization of Peroxidase From Anthracnose Disease Infected Papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Bari L , Hassan P , Absar N , Khatun S , Hossain MI
Published: January 2014

Peroxidase enzyme was isolated and purified from the pulp of disease infected ripen papaya of local variety by 90% ammonium sulphate precipitation, chromatography on DEAEcellulose followed by hydrophobic chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B and the purifications achieved was about 7.2 fold with 2.5% recovery. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme had a Mr of about 55,000 and 50 000 as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and SDS-PAGE, respectively. The molecular mass of the enzyme was found to be very similar under both reducing and non-reducing conditions indicating that the enzyme contains no subunit. The enzyme has the following characteristics: pH optima at 6.0, temperature optima around 38°C, enzyme activity was found to be strongly inhibited in the presence of potassium cyanide and Fe+2 while the activity was found to be remarkably increased in the presence of ammonium sulphate. The Km value for the peroxidase obtained with pyrogallol as substrate was 0.027 mM. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v6i2.17643 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2013; 6(2): 49-57
Autologous transfusion in a patient with life threatening traumatic haemothorax: Case Report.
Authors: Singh Jasveer , Kapoor Dheeraj , Singh Manpreet
Published: January 2014

Penetrating thoracic injuries frequently presents a challenge to the clinicians. The situation may become more deleterious owing to the unavailability of adequate blood of required group. We discuss the acute management of a patient with life threatening traumatic haemothorax following penetrating thoracic injury. In this patient, autologous transfusion of patient blood collected in chest drain was performed during intraoperative period using an indigenous technique with successful outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.14146 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 76-79
Pregnancy and Thyroid Dysfunction: Need for Universal Screening - A Pilot Study
Authors: Vijayasree M
Published: January 2014

Aim: 1. To determine Thyroid dysfunction and antiTPO antibody status in pregnant women. 2. To know the benefit of LT4 therapy in maternal pregnancy outcome (antiTPO ab+ve vs antiTPO ab-ve groups) and 3. To determine the maternal and fetal outcomes in hypothyroid pregnant women and to decide whether universal screening of pregnant women for hypothyroidism is required or not. Materials and methods: A prospective study was done in mamata general hospital in the dept. of obg, over a period of 1 ½ years.105 antenatal women were included in the study. Outcome in these pregnancies were observed and analysed using appropriate statistical method. Results: There were only 3 patients with spontaneous abortions, 3 patients with pregnancy induced hypertention and only 1 patient had preterm delivery. There was more of thyroid dysfunction in anti TPO Ab +ve cases. But there was no significant adverse effect on pregnancy outcome in patients who were treated. Conclusion: Though our study included only a small number of antenatal women who were screened for thyroid abnormality since it was only a pilot study done in our hospital since our area is endemic for thyroid disorders due to iodine deficiency we recommend Universal screening to rule out thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy because the maternal and fetal complications can be reduced by early screening, diagnosing and correcting thyroid abnormality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.14173 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 49-52
AIDS Awareness among Clinical Dental Students of India
Authors: Amith HV , D'Cruz Audrey Madonna , Alexander Venisha , Antony Vidhu , Alex Vinaya , Nan Wong
Published: January 2014

Objective: HIV-infected patients, with or without knowledge of their own serologic status are seeking dental care in increasing numbers. Dental students are at the risk of exposure to the HIV infections during their clinical training if adequate and stringent infection control measures. The objective of the present study was to assess the level of understanding and awareness of this disease among the third year clinical dental students at a private dental institution in Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Materials and methods: A cross sectional survey of 100 third year clinical dental students of Karnataka was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of sociodemographic details, apart from 8 questions on knowledge and 2 questions on attitude towards HIV/AIDS patient. Descriptive analysis was carried out. Results: The response rate was 100%. Majority of students knew that AIDS is a disease of immunity. About 78% of the students knew that HIV/ AIDS is transmitted by contaminated blood products. Eighty six percent of the subjects knew which test was done to detect AIDS while others were not quite sure of it. Only 15% answered correctly regarding the percentage risk of transmission of HIV to a health care worker following contaminated needle stick injury. Most of the students were either not aware or not sure about the universal precaution measures to be taken while treating an AIDS patient. Conclusion: The results showed that the third year dental students of Karnataka, India had fair knowledge and good attitude regarding HIV/AIDS. However it did reveal some of the inadequacies and misconceptions regarding the disease among the dental students. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.14332 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January 2014: 20-24
Isolated Congenital Bilateral Choanal Atresia and Nasopharyngeal Atresia- a case report
Authors: Das Suman , Sarkar Nirmalya , Chatterjee Kaushani , Paul Ayan
Published: January 2014

A term neonate developed respiratory distress, paradoxical cyanosis (relieved by crying) soon after birth. Inability to insert No.5 French infant feeding tube through the nose into the pharynx led to the diagnosis of Bilateral Choanal Atresia , which was confirmed by HRCT Scan of the nose. Insertion of an oropharyngeal tube reduced the respiratory distress. Extensive investigations did not reveal any other congenital anomaly. The baby was treated with Transnasal Surgery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.14454 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 91-94
Medical Ethics/professionalism and Concept of Holistic Curriculum in a Medical School
Authors: Khan Mohammad Iqbal
Published: January 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17371 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 5-7
Obstetric Profile of Primi Teenage and Non-teenage mothers: A comparative study from Maharashtra, India
Authors: Mohite RV , Ganganhalli P , Mohite VR , Tondare MB , Kumbhar SM
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Early marriages and teenage pregnancies are important contributing factors for high maternal as well as neo-natal morbidity and mortality.Objectives: To assess the magnitude of obstetric profile of teenage and non-teenage primi mothers and to determine the association among them. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at OB/Gynac clinic Krishna hospital Karad over a period of first quarter of year 2012. 93 eligible teenage primi mothers and equal number of non-teenage primi mothers admitted to Krishna hospital for delivery were enrolled, interviewed and observed for socio-demographic, obstetric outcome and its complications by investigator according to pre- designed structured proforma. Frequency percentage distribution and association was determined by applying tests of significance. Observations: Magnitude of teenage primi pregnancy was 6% during study period and most of them 92.50%, 76.30% and 46.20% were Hindus, housewives and belonged to lower class by religion, occupation and economically with mean age at marriage and delivery was 17.8 yrs and 18.8 yrs respectively. Max. 81.7% teenage primi mothers were anaemic and the percentage of obstetric complications like PIH, Oligohydramnios, PROM, Foetal distress among teenage primi mothers was 24%,8.6%, 1%, and 6.4% which was higher than nonteenage mothers. IUGR, cord prolapse, breech presentation and abruption placenta also reported among teenage primi mothers, however absent among non-teenage mothers. Max 55.9% teenage mothers were delivered before expected date of delivery and proportion of low birth weight baby was also high (39.8%) in teenage mothers than non-teenage mothers. Chance of delivery of male baby also increases as age at marriage increases. Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy is an issue that calls for more education & support to encourage girls to delay motherhood until they are ready. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17432 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 63-66
Current Pattern in Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Enteric Fever In A Private Medical College
Authors: Arafat Md Yasir , Sobur Md Abdus , Haq Md Azizul , Islam Md Nazrul
Published: January 2014

Background and objectives: Enteric fever continues to be an important health problem in Bangladesh. Emerging drug resistance adds magnitude to this problem. Only surveillance studies can help form guidelines for therapy under such a situation. The present study was undertaken to determine the current pattern in antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric fever cases in a private medical college and to find out the incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) cases. Study design: Hospital based observational study. Study setting and period: Medicine units of Ibn Sina Medical College hospital from october11 to august12. Source of materials/participants: Fever cases with clinical diagnosis of enteric fever and positive blood culture, attending the outpatient and admitted at hospital were included in the study. Susceptibility of the isolates to commonly available antibiotics were recorded. Treatment and responses were followed up. Results: 100 adult patients with fever had positive blood cultures were included in the study. Majority of patients were 19  30 yr olds (63%). Susceptibility of the isolates were tested against 14 available antibiotics. Ceftriaxone was sensitive in 99% cases followed by ciprofloxacin (96%), Gentamycin ( 96%) and cefixime (91%). Adeclining trend in sensitivity to Azithromycin ( 61%) was observed. Resurgence of chloramphenicol (81%) and cotrimoxazole (75%) sensitivity was noted. In 98 cases sensitivity to all three (amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol) were tested. 13 cases were found resistant to all the three drugs (13/98=13.2%). These MDR cases were sensitive to ceftriaxone (100%), cefixime (100%), azithromycin (100%), gentamycin(94%)and ciprofloxacin (88%). Conclusion: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed a trend with onset of emerging resistance to azithromycin (ceftriaxone vs azithromycin z value = 7.63; P value =0.001 (Significant) and azithromycin vs ciprofloxacin Z value = 6.66; P value =0.001 (Significant). Multidrug resistant cases present showed reduced susceptibility to gentamycin. Sensitivity of these drugs must be preserved through constant surveillance and use only under a protocol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17440 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 67-69
Antenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia
Authors: Dhungel K , Gupta MK , Ahmad K , Ansari S , Rauniyar RK
Published: January 2014

We report a interesting case of antenatal diagnosis of achondrpoplasia in a young multigravida who presented with term pregnancy for routine ultrasound assessment which revealed a single, live intrauterine fetus with a discrepancy between femur length (FL) and biparietal diameter (BPD), narrowing of the interpeduncular distance. The diagnosis of achondroplasia was made with a sonological skeletal survey and findings were correlated with radiological skeletal survey after the baby was delivered. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17443 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 84-87
A rare case of multiple dental anomalies in non syndromic patient
Authors: Sulabha AN , Sameer C
Published: January 2014

Human dental anomalies are formative defects to variety of genetic and environmental factors. Multiple anomalies are seen in patient with chromosomal abnormalities or specific syndromes. Multiple odontogenic anomalies in non syndromic patient are unusual and rare. This paper reports a rare, unique and interesting case of multiple odontogenic anomalies such as bilateral macrodontia of maxillary central incisor, hypodontia, hyperdontia in lower anterior mandible, transposition in left anterior maxilla and taurodontism with molars in a single non syndromic young Indian female patient. Patients with multiple dental anomalies require multidisplinary treatment approaches such as surgical, orthodontic, endodontic, prosthodontic rehabilitation etc. Multiple dental anomalies in non syndromic patient are rare and needs early diagnosis and require multidisplinary approach. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17444 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 95-98
Postoperative complications and its management after total laryngectomy
Authors: Atikuzzaman Kazi , Ahmed Khabir Uddin , Hassan Mahmudul
Published: January 2014

Objectives: To find out the pattern of complications, frequency, risk factors and the management after total laryngectomy. Methods: It was a cross sectional study done in the Department of Otolaryngology & Head- Neck Surgery, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from July 2007 to Dec 2009. 15 patients undergoing total laryngectomy for histologically proven Carcinoma larynx were included in this study. Patients were reviewed after surgery and any complication that occurred was recorded. The presentation, diagnosis and management of these complications were discussed after total laryngectomy. Results: There were 15 male patients, 3 non radiated cases and 12 post irradiated cases. Age of patients ranged from 35-75 years. Complications included wound infection (04), pharyngocutaneous fistula (03), flap necrosis (01), pharyngeal stenosis (01), stomal stenosis (01) and stomal recurrence (01). Conclusions: Wound infection and pharyngocutaneous fistula are most common complications after total laryngectomy. Preoperative radiotherapy is an important risk factor for development of pharyngocutaneous fistula in total laryngectomy patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i2.16366 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(2): 82-86
Metastatic neck node with unknown primary
Authors: Karim Md Abdul , Siddiquee Belayat Hossain , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Harun Abdullah Al , Rahman Sheikh Hasanur
Published: January 2014

Objective: To find out the clinical presentation of metastatic neck node with unknown primary. Methods: A cross-sectional study done on the admitted patient from four tertiary level hospitals in Dhaka city from January 2010 to September 2010. Results: Most of the cases were squamous cell carcinoma (68.75%). the next common was adenocarcinoma (15.62%) and undifferentiated carcinoma (12.5%). Melanoma was a rare condition (3.13%). The commonest age group was 6th decade (40.63%) which was followed by 5th decade (28%). None of the case was found bellow the age of 30 years. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Commonest metastatic group of lymph node was Level II (50%), followed by Level- III (22%) Level- IV (19%), Level- V (6%) and Level- I (3%). Staging of lymph nodes were N2A (35%), N1 (31%), N2B (16%), N3 (12.5%) and N2C (6.25%) in decreasing order of frequency. About 72% cases are smoker. Conclusion: Metastatic carcinoma with unknown primary tumour commonly present in elderly age group and majority of cases are squmous cell carcinoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i2.17631 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(2): 94-98
Relationship between social factors and frequency of chronic suppurative otitis media and its extracranial complication
Authors: Talukder Md Harun-Ar-Rashid , Hossain Md Monwar
Published: January 2014

Objectives: To determine the relationship between social factors and frequency of CSOM & its extracranial complications and their clinical presentation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2010. Results: In this study male (59%), lower class people (57%), age 11-20 years, resident in rural area (66%) and less educated patients were more affected. Having bath in the pond and/or river suffers more. Clinical presentation of CSOM and complication were aural discharge (100%), hearing impairment (94%), post auricular swelling (45%), pain in the ear (21%), postauricular discharge (27%), tinnitus (11%), vertigo (9%), headache (07%) and mass in the EAC (12%). Here found aural discharge mostly malodorous and scanty, attic perforation and cholesteatoma. Post auricular abscess most common (47%) extracranial complication and labyrinthitis is the lowest (3%). Atticoantral variety was more common (89%). Conclusion: Lower class people of rulal area, children and less educated personals were affected more with CSOM and its extracranial complications. So proper awareness among all level of people including medical practitioners can enhance prompt diagnosis and treatment and reduce the complication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i2.17633 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(2): 104-109
Extensive dentigerous cyst with two ectopic teeth  surgical management
Authors: Hoque Shameem Anwarul , Hasan SM Mahede , Deb Hritu Raj , Islam Mofakkarul , Hosain Amzad , Chowdhury Zakir Hossain
Published: January 2014

Dentigerous cyst develops around impacted, unerupted or developing teeth. It is often asymptomatic. However, it can be large and cause symptoms related to expansion. Painless swelling is the main symptoms, may be painful if infected. It can be found incidentally on dental radiography. Our patient is a 15 years old girl with painless swelling in right cheek with nasal obstruction. Diagnosis was confirmed by CT scan and needle aspiration. Under general anaesthesia enucleation of the cyst with removal of unerupted teeth was performed by Caldwell- Luc procedure. Post operative period was uneventful. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i2.17637 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(2): 130-134
Auditory neuropathy: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Ahsan Ali Imam , Hasan Rashedul , Jamal Nasimul
Published: January 2014

Auditory Neuropathy (AN), also known as Auditory Dyssynchrony(AD) is a very often missed diagnosis in clinical practice. In AN, sound enters the inner ear normally but the transmission of signals from inner ear to brain is impaired. Due to the lack of advanced audiological test facilities in Bangladesh, mostly AN remains undiagnosed. Here we described a 25 years old male, presented with difficulty in understanding speech for last 10 years. On audiologic evaluation, bilateral moderate sensorineural hearing loss was found on Pure tone audiogram (PTA). Speech discrimination scores were poor and disproportionate to his hearing threshold. Presence of Otoacoustic emission (OAE) revealed the normal function of cochlea. Conversely, absence of Auditory brainstem response (ABR) confirmed the definite dysfunction at auditory neural pathway and hence, the diagnosis of AN was confirmed. Since AN is an underdiagnosed condition in Bangladesh, otolaryngologists should be aware of this clinical entity. All the suspected cases should be referred to specialized centers, where advanced audiological facilities are available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i2.17638 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(2): 135-139
Evaluation and Optimization of Influence of Permeability Property and Concentration of Polymethacrylic Polymers on Microspheres of Metformin HCl
Authors: Hasan Ikramul , Paul Shovan , Akhter Sharmin , Ayon Navid Jubaer , Reza Md Selim
Published: January 2014

Metformin HCl microspheres were prepared with the aim of increasing its bioavailability and decreasing gastrointestinal side effects by means of sustained action. Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit RLPO, polymers of different permeability characteristics were used to prepare different microspheres. Emulsification solvent evaporation technique using acetone as the internal phase and liquid paraffin as the external phase was the method of choice. Six formulations were prepared using two polymers. The effect of drug loading and polymeric property on the surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, particle size and release characteristics of the microspheres were examined. FTIR and DSC studies established compatibility of the drug with the polymers. SEM studies clearly revealed the effect of drug loading and polymeric nature on the surface morphology of the microspheres. Entrapment efficiencies were within 77.09-97.11% and particle size of all the batches were in the acceptable range. Release data were treated with different mathematical kinetic models. The drug release profile showed that Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit RLPO have opposite effect on drug release. On the other hand, increase in drug loading results in increased drug release. Kinetic modeling of in vitro dissolution profiles revealed that the drug release mechanism varies from diffusion controlled to anomalous type. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(2): 131-141, 2013 (December) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i2.17611
Antioxidant and Antidiabetic activities of Alangium salvifolium and Bombax ceiba
Authors: Zahan Ronok , Nahar Laizuman , Haque Mahmuda , Nesa Mst Luthfun , Alam Zahangir
Published: January 2014

In the present study, a methanol extract of flower of Alangium salvifolium (AS) and bark of Bombax ceiba (BC) were evaluated for its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Both methanol extracts exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power activity in dose dependent manner. Continuous administration for of methanol extracts of AS for seven days significantly decreased blood glucose level than BC in alloxan induced diabetic rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. The IC50 value of AS and BC were 17.3 ?g/ml and 32.1 ?g/ml, respectively. Both extract showed significant decrease of blood sugar after glucose loading points (30, 60 and 120 min). In addition, flower of AS possesses high phenol content than the bark of BC (152.73±13.60 vs 74.38±7.42 mg/g of gallic acid). This is the first report of antioxidant and reducing power evaluation and quantitative analysis of phenol content for this two plant materials. This finding suggest that the potential antioxidant activity and antidiabetic effect of flowers of AS could be due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(2): 159-163, 2013 (December) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i2.17617
Evaluation of Analgesic activity of Sterculia villosa Roxb. (Sterculiaceae) Bark in Swiss-Albino mice
Authors: Hossain Md Monir , Even ASM Ibnul Hasan , Akbar Mohammad Ahsanul , Ganguly Amlan , Rahman SM Abdur
Published: January 2014

The methanolic crude extract and different fractions of Sterculia villosa bark were investigated for their possible analgesic activity in experimental animal models. Analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing inhibition and radiant heat tail-flick methods in swiss albino mice. In peripheral method of antinociception, the methanolic crude extract (400 mg/kg) and petroleum ether fraction (400 mg/kg) showed significant analgesic activity having 50.76% and 51.72% (P < 0.001) of writhing inhibition, respectively compared to standard aspirin (71.03% inhibition). In the radiant heat tail-flick method of central anti-nociception, the methanolic crude extract (400 mg/kg) and petroleum ether fraction (400 mg/kg) of S. villosa showed significant analgesic activity having 71.25% (P < 0.001) and 66.77% (P < 0.001) elongation of reaction time, respectively at 30 minutes after administration of sample compared to the standard morphine (144.4% elongation). The findings of the studies demonstrated analgesic activity of the bark of S. villosa which could be the therapeutic option against pain. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(2): 125-129, 2013 (December) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i2.17622
A Chronopharmacological Study Related to Doxorubicin Based Bone Marrow Suppression
Authors: Subbiah Vijayalakshmi , Rajendran K , Shanthi M , Parameswari R
Published: January 2014

Myelosuppression is the most common toxicity of anti-neoplastic therapy due to inhibition of cell replication in bone marrow. This can be minimized by administering drugs on the basis of circadian time basis. Hence the aim is to study circadian time cycle related bone marrow suppression variation resulting from doxorubicin based cancer chemo therapy regimen. A prospective observational clinical study based on circadian time Cycle was done for a period of six months at a tertiary care hospital. Standard doxorubicin Regimen was given in the dose of 60 mg/m as iv infusion. Each cycle is repeated every 21 Days. Complete hemogram was done on day 0 and day 10 of both day and night cycle. Results were analyzed using students paired t test. It was found that during Night cycle therapy bone marrow suppression was minimal and statistically significant (p<0.001). Chronotherapy is useful in minimizing bone marrow toxicity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i5.17627 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Volume 2(5) Dec 2013: 197-201
Galactosylated Albumin Nanoparticles Bearing Cimetidine
Authors: Ganesh Kumar , Archana Dhyani , Preeti Kathiyal
Published: January 2014

The galacotsylated albumin nanoparticles were prepared for the selective delivery of Cimetidine to the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) which is particularly presents on mammalian hepatocytes. The albumin nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by using desolvation method and efficiently conjugated with galactose. Various parameters such as particle size, % entrapment efficiency and drug loading efficiency, percentage yield, in vitro drug release, were determined. The size of nanoparticles (both plain and galactose coated) was found to be in range of 200-250 nm, and maximum drug payload was found to be 19.08% ± 1.10 .The maximum drug content was found to be 30.80% ± 0.3 and 27.09% ± 0.5 respectively in plain and galactose coated nanoparticles while the maximum entrapment efficiency was found to be 90.68% ± 0.5 and 91.75% ± 0.59 in plain and coated nanoparticles. It was also found that coating of nanoparticles increases the size of nanoparticles. From the in-vitro studies, it was concluded that increase in polymer concentration, decreases the drug releases from the nanoparticles. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i5.17628 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Volume 2(5) Dec 2013: 202-229
Effectiveness of Group-Delivered Cognitive Therapy and Treatment Length in Women Veterans with PTSD
Authors: Castillo Diane , Lacefield Katharine , Baca Janet , Blankenship Abby , Qualls Clifford
Published: January 2014

The effectiveness and length of group-delivered cognitive treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was examined in a sample of women veterans. The sample included 271 primarily non-Hispanic white (61%) and Hispanic (25%) women veterans treated in 8-, 10-, or 12-group length sessions with manualized cognitive therapy for PTSD. Outcome was measured with the PTSD Symptom Checklist (PCL) in an intention-to-treat analysis (N = 271), in completer subjects (n = 172), and with group as the unit of analysis (n = 47 groups). Significant decreases in PTSD were found in the full sample (effect size [ES] range = 0.27 to 0.38), completers (ES range = 0.37 to 0.54), and group as the unit of analysis (ES range = 0.71 to 0.92), suggesting effectiveness of cognitive group treatment for PTSD. PCL scores significantly improved in the 8, 10, and 12 group lengths, with no differences between each. Clinical improvement showed a third decreasing 10 or more PCL points and 22% no longer meeting PTSD diagnostic criteria, with the best results in the 10-session group. The results suggest group-delivered cognitive therapy is an effective, efficient, time-limited treatment for PTSD.
A Comparison of Internet Protocol (IPv6) Security Guidelines
Authors: Hermann Steffen , Fabian Benjamin
Published: January 2014

The next generation of the Internet Protocol (IPv6) is currently about to be introduced in many organizations. However, its security features are still a very novel area of expertise for many practitioners. This study evaluates guidelines for secure deployment of IPv6, published by the U.S. NIST and the German federal agency BSI, for topicality, completeness and depth. The later two are scores defined in this paper and are based on the Requests for Comments relevant for IPv6 that were categorized, weighted and ranked for importance using an expert survey. Both guides turn out to be of practical value, but have a specific focus and are directed towards different audiences. Moreover, recommendations for possible improvements are presented. Our results could also support strategic management decisions on security priorities as well as for the choice of security guidelines for IPv6 roll-outs.
Living with a Gastric Band: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pfeil Michael , Crozier Kenda , Pulford Amanda , Ferguson Yasmin , Mahon David , Lewis Michael
Published: January 2014

Gastric banding is an established and effective form of weightloss surgery. Semi-structured interviews explored the experiences of gastric banding of twenty purposively recruited patients one year after surgery. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Three themes emerged. They included ‘Exercising choice’ (restriction by the band was counterbalanced by new food-related choices.); ‘Rediscovering life’ (improved health, physical ability and energy enabled the patients to re-discover life.) and ‘Goals achieved with no regrets’ (patients had nearly achieved their self-set goals.) Conclusion: Beyond achieving weight loss and improved health, the participants had improved quality of life as defined by patients. Knowledge about this active process informs the care of these patients.