bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and Behaviors of Patients With Rheumatic Diseases During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Ma Margaret H.Y. , Tay Sen Hee , Cheung Peter P.M. , Santosa Amelia , Chan Yiong Huak , Yip James W.L. , Mak Anselm , Lahiri Manjari
Published: September 2020

Objective.

To evaluate attitudes and behaviors of patients with rheumatic diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods.

An online survey delivered by text message to 4695 patients on follow-up at a tertiary rheumatology center. Latent class analysis was performed on the survey variables.

Results.

There were 2239 (47.7%) who responded to the survey and 3 clusters were identified. Cluster 3 (C3) was defined by patients who were most worried about COVID-19, more likely to wear face masks, and more likely to alter or stop their medications. Patients in C3 were more likely to be female, Malay, and unemployed.

Conclusion.

We identified 3 clusters with different healthcare beliefs and distinct sociodemographics.
CanVasc Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody-associated Vasculitis: 2020 Update
Authors: Mendel Arielle , Ennis Daniel , Go Ellen , Bakowsky Volodko , Baldwin Corisande , Benseler Susanne M. , Cabral David A. , Carette Simon , Clements-Baker Marie , Clifford Alison H. , Cohen Tervaert Jan Willem , Cox Gerard , Dehghan Natasha , Dipchand Christine , Dhindsa Navjot , Famorca Leilani , Fifi-Mah Aurore , Garner Stephanie , Girard Louis-Philippe , Lessard Clode , Liang Patrick , Noone Damien , Makhzoum Jean-Paul , Milman Nataliya , Pineau Christian A. , Reich Heather N. , Rhéaume Maxime , Robinson David B. , Rumsey Dax G. , Towheed Tanveer E. , Trudeau Judith , Twilt Marinka , Yacyshyn Elaine , Yeung Rae S.M. , Barra Lillian B. , Khalidi Nader , Pagnoux Christian
Published: September 2020

Objective

In 2015, the Canadian Vasculitis Research Network (CanVasc) created recommendations for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) in Canada. The current update aims to revise existing recommendations and create additional recommendations, as needed, based on a review of new available evidence.

Methods

A needs assessment survey of CanVasc members informed questions for an updated systematic literature review (publications spanning May 2014 to September 2019) using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. New and revised recommendations were developed and categorized according to the level of evidence and strength of each recommendation. The CanVasc working group used a 2-step modified Delphi procedure to reach > 80% consensus on the inclusion, wording, and grading of each new and revised recommendation.

Results

Eleven new and 16 revised recommendations were created and 12 original (2015) recommendations were retained. New and revised recommendations are discussed in detail within this document. Five original recommendations were removed, of which 4 were incorporated into the explanatory text. The supplementary material for practical use was revised to reflect the updated recommendations.

Conclusion

The 2020 updated recommendations provide rheumatologists, nephrologists, and other specialists caring for patients with AAV in Canada with new management guidance, based on current evidence and consensus from Canadian experts.
Grandeur et servitudes de la médecine moderne
Authors: Mattéi Jean-François
Published: September 2020

Au fil des années, la grandeur de la vocation médicale a pu paraître menacée par nombre de servitudes et contraintes nouvelles, conduisant certains médecins à regarder parfois le passé avec nostalgie. Sans céder à cette dernière, le Pr Mattei pointe les évolutions majeures qui posent des questions essentielles aux nouvelles générations de médecins.
The Importance of Concordance Between Patients and Their Subspecialists
Authors: Shah Romil F. , Mertz Kevin , Gil Joseph A. , Eppler Sara L. , Amanatullah Derek , Yao Jeffrey , Chou Loretta , Steffner Robert , Safran Marc , Hu Serena S. , Kamal Robin N.
Published: September 2020

Concordance, the concept of patients having shared demographic/socioeconomic characteristics with their physicians, has been associated with improved patient satisfaction and outcomes in primary care but has not been studied in subspecialty care. The objective of this study was to investigate whether patients value concordance with their specialty physicians. The authors assessed the importance of concordance in subspecialist care in 2 cohorts of participants. The first cohort consisted of patients seeking care at a multispecialty orthopedic clinic. The second cohort consisted of volunteer participants recruited from an online platform. Each participant completed a survey scored on an ordinal scale which characteristics of their physicians they find important for their primary care physician (PCP) and a specialist. The characteristics included age, sex, ethnicity, sexual orientation, primary language spoken, and religion. The difference in concordance scores for PCPs and specialists were compared with paired
t
tests with a Bonferroni correction. A total of 118 patients were recruited in clinic, and a total of 982 volunteers were recruited online. In the clinic cohort, the level of importance for patient–physician concordance of age, ethnicity, language, and religion was not significantly different between PCPs and specialists. In the volunteer cohort, the level of importance for concordance of age, sex, national origin, language, and religion was not significantly different between PCPs and specialists. The volunteers recruited online had significantly higher concordance scores than the patients recruited in clinic for most variables. Patients find patient–physician concordance as important in specialty care as they do in primary care. This may have similar effects on patient outcomes in specialty care. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(5):315–319.]
Imaging of Headaches: Appropriateness and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Kadom Nadja
Published: September 2020

Headache is prevalent among children, but practitioners may not be familiar with the numerous clinical and imaging guidelines that intend to foster effective care for children with headaches. Here, the guidelines for imaging used in pediatric headache, including sinus and postconcussive headaches, are summarized. An illustrated discussion of differential considerations for imaging findings in children with secondary headaches is provided and highlights the role imaging plays in their diagnosis.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(9):e389–e394.]
Radiologic Evaluation of the Child with a Limp
Authors: Thompson Matthew , Johnson Tatum , Koberlein George
Published: September 2020

A child presenting with a limp can present a diagnostic challenge to pediatricians. Clinical presentation, age, and history all contribute to the initial differential diagnosis; however, imaging plays a key role in the ultimate diagnosis, and the correct imaging study is essential to save time and health care expenses. This article will present a few of the more common causes of a limp and the recently updated imaging recommendations from the American College of Radiology to aid in final diagnosis.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(9):e395–e402.]
A Design of Plastic-Bamboo Fiber Extruder Machine for 3D Printer
Authors: Antonov Svetlin , Le Khanh Dien , Hiep Nguyen Hoang , Hoang Quang Huy Nguyen , Hai Quang Hoang
Published: September 2020

3D printer technology has been applied to a lot of industrial branches such as automobile, aircraft, medicine, civil engineering, electronic engineering. Normally in Vietnam, the plastic fiber, raw material that is the most popular application is hot plastic fiber extruding through FDM nozzle... is being imported from China, Korea, and Taiwan. The paper represents our own research on the application of the technical design processes for design a plastic-bamboo fiber extruder that is sustainable, environmental friendliness, consumes domestic raw material and saving national budget for importation and mastering the technology of extruding plastic bamboo fiber.
A Measure of Optimization of Technological Parameters to Improve the Formability of Aluminum Sheet a 1050 H14 by SPIF Technology
Authors: Anh Nguyen Phan , Vo Tuyen , Le Khanh Dien , Nguyen Thanh Nam
Published: September 2020

The objective of this paper is to select a set of technological forming parameters including vertical feed Δz, feeding rate of Vxy of the tool (a kind of pestle but no-cutting edges), the diameter of tool D and the revolutions per minute of tool n to achieve the highest forming ability of aluminum sheet A1050 H14 (according to JIS G3101Japanese standard) when forming metal sheet by Single Point Incremental Forming Technology-SPIF. The content of the article consists of 3 processes: Pre-design of experiment (Pre-DOE) to select of a set of reasonable limited parameters when forming aluminum sheet A1050 H14 models when forming on the existent specialized SPIF machine in the National Key Laboratory of Digital Control and System Engineering laboratory (DCSELAB); Performing aluminum sheet A1050 H14 models on the Pre-DOE to obtain the forming angle values; Evaluating the experimental results by analysis of variance; Setting up the regression equation of the angle of deformability with influence parameters; Optimization the regression equation to select an optimal set of forming parameters to gain the highest deformability of aluminum sheet A1050 H14.
User Satisfaction on library resources and services: survey conducted in main library of the Open University of Sri Lanka
Authors: Amarasekara K. M. R. K. , Marasinghe M. M. I. K.
Published: September 2020

One of the most important measures used for evaluating the service quality of a library is a user satisfaction survey. The objectives of the study were to find out the purposes of using a library and to evaluate user satisfaction towards the library facilities, library staff, library services, library resources and library website of the Open University of Sri Lanka. The population of the study was the university staff and the students who registered in the library of the Colombo regional centre of the Open University of Sri Lanka. Total sample size was 357 inclusive of both university staff members and students. Purposive sampling technique was utilized to get a representative sample. Primary data were collected with the help of a survey using a structured questionnaire, designed specifically for the purpose. Analysis of primary data was done using frequency tables and basic descriptive statistics such as mean, median etc. To measure the validity and reliability of the statements that are used to measure the user satisfaction, Cronbach Alpha testing was used. User satisfaction was evaluated under 05 parameters, such as (a) Library facilities; (b) Library staff; (c) Library services; (d) Library resources and (e) Library Website and Information access. It was identified that the respondents used the library for different purposes. Study results indicated reading, searching library resources, using computers to access information, and borrowing and returning books as the major purposes of using the library. The results of the study also revealed that on average, the respondents were relatively most satisfied with the library staff and their performance and helpfulness, moderately satisfied with the available library services, satisfied with the library website and its facilities and generally satisfied with the library facilities and library resources as a whole. The results also indicated that overall library users are satisfied with the available library resources, services and facilities. But, the study could also identify that there were some areas that users were not much satisfied with, particularly, providing user awareness programs, training on information searching, dissemination of services or providing information through social network media like face book, twitter etc., improving Wi-Fi facilities, improving access to audio visual materials, increasing the availability of electronic databases and providing more online library services. Therefore it is important to conduct information literacy programmes and user awareness progammes in order to make library users aware about new library resources and services and to enhance their information literacy skills. Further, it is recommended that understanding the user information needs, fulfilling those needs and measuring their level of satisfaction on regular basis is essential in order to provide a better service and to establish the sustainability of libraries.
Development of a core curriculum for anatomy in Sri Lanka
Authors: Chenthuran T.
Published: September 2020

No abstract available
A unique case of brachial plexus form lateral to the axillary artery: a case report
Authors: Eranga U. R. R. , Samarawickrama M. B.
Published: September 2020

Anatomical variations of the formation and distribution of the brachial plexus are fairly common and it is related to the embryological development of upper limbs. The present report describes an unusual variation of the brachial plexus in which the cords are arranged lateral to the 1st and 2nd parts of the axillary artery. Therefore, some of the main terminal branches show different relationship to the 3rd part of the axillary artery and the brachial artery. Awareness of such variations of the formation, relations and distribution of main branches of brachial plexus is of remarkable clinical importance for clinicians who carry out surgical, interventional radiological and anaesthetic procedures in the axillary region.
Common peroneal nerve schwannoma, a rare cause of sciatica - Case report & review of literature
Authors: Kodikara Iroshani , Gamage Dhanusha
Published: September 2020

Schwannoma typically a slow-growing tumour that bears the reputation of the most common benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour. Sciatic nerve schwannoma is rare (1%) tumour that can manifest with symptoms of sciatica (1). Diagnosis of schwannoma is often delayed, notably when presents with symptoms of sciatica (1- 4).
Cumulative effects of resource development on mining-impacted watersheds
Authors: Desbarats A
Published: September 2020

Renewed exploration or development in historical mining districts, such as Cobalt, presents unique challenges for proponents and government regulators because of the cumulative nature of environmental impacts. To increase their capacity to carry out or review
environmental assessments, this project will develop geoscience methods for distinguishing environmental effects of new mining activity from complex existing background conditions in affected watersheds. Specifically, the project will develop means of unraveling the history of accumulated
polymetallic contamination from multiple sources over multiple periods. This information and new data from mine wastes and mine drainage will be synthesized in the first geoenvironmental model for Ag-Ni-Co-As vein type deposits. Project results will be disseminated to key end users in order to
improve their capacity to carry out or review environmental assessments and to ensure that decision makers have a better understanding of the cumulative nature of environmental impacts for the sustainable development of natural resources.
Environmental impacts of permafrost degradation
Authors: Duchesne M J
Published: September 2020

Permafrost underlies ~50% of the Canadian landmass.
Permafrost degradation: natural release of contaminants (e.g. heavy metals), trapped greenhouse gases and saline pore fluids into the environment.
Project's objectives: 1. Assess the environmental implications of permafrost degradation; 2. Provide a baseline to better appraise the environmental consequences of resource development.
Evaluation of Surface Characteristics and Weight Variation of Different Composite Resins after Simulated Toothbrushing
Authors: De Almeida Jéssika Raíssa Medeiros , Messias Aion Mangino , Gadelha Diana Ferreira , Caldas Sergei Godeiro Fernandes Rabelo , Caldas Marília Regalado Galvão Rabelo
Published: September 2020

Objective: To evaluate the surface characteristics of restorations performed after simulated toothbrushing and to compare the results between the composites. Materials and Methods: In total, 80 samples were made (7 mm × 4 mm) from the composites: Bulk Fill One, Bulk Fill Flow, Z350 XT, and Z350 XT flow (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). Half of the specimens was submitted to 60,000 cycles of simulated toothbrushing, while the other half was the control group (n = 10). The surface was evaluated through Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), surface roughness (Ra), and weight loss, before and after the simulated toothbrushing. To evaluate the statistical analysis, a two-factors variance test and the Tukey's posttest were performed. Results: In the analysis performed by SEM, it was observed the presence of both small and medium protruding particles in all groups after simulated toothbrushing, with the exception of the group which used Z350 flow composite. All materials presented increasing on Ra after simulated toothbrushing. Regarding weight variation, there was not any significant statistical difference in all materials. Conclusions: The abrasive process occasioned by toothbrushing leads to changes on the particles' disposition, which causes changes on the surface and increase on the Ra. On the other hand, there was not any difference regarding to weight variation.
Clinical workflow of two different CAD/CAM systems for veneers manufacture
Authors: Jurado Carlos Alberto , Mourad Firas , Felton David , Tinoco Jose Villalobos
Published: September 2020

Digital technology is improving dentistry by manufacturing restorations faster and easier. Veneers can be handcrafted fabricated by the dental technician or designed by software and fabricated by a milling machine. Currently, there are many scanners available in the market that are clinically acceptable for the fabrication of restorations. However, there have been no clinical reports comparing the clinical protocols of the two most frequently used software programs in the market. The aim of this article is to show the digital workflow of the two most common systems for the fabrication of CAD/CAM veneers.
Water Sorption and Solubility of a High-viscous Glass-Ionomer Cement after the Application of Different Surface-Coating Agents
Authors: Yilmaz Merve Nur , Gul Pinar , Kiziltunc Ahmet
Published: September 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different surface coating agents on water sorption and solubility of a high-viscous glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and Methods: A high-viscous GIC (EQUIA Forte, GC, Tokyo, Japan) was used for this study. Sixty disc-shaped specimens (8 mm × 2 mm) were prepared from material. Specimens were divided six subgroups and five different coating systems were applied on specimen surfaces. Other groups were used as the control group (n = 10) (Group 1: Control, Group 2: Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), Group 3: Petroleum jelly (Vaseline, India, Lever Ltd.), Group 4: BisCover LV (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA), Group 5: EQUIA Forte Coat (GC, Tokyo, Japan), Group 6: Final Varnish LC (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany). All specimens were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and subjected to water sorption and solubility tests based on the ISO 4049 requirements. Data were analyzed by paired samples t-test, one way analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey HSD, and Tamhane's T2 tests (α = 0.05). Results: Equia Forte Coat and Final Varnish LC were more successful in terms of water sorption, but Final Varnish LC was more successful in terms of solubility. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that light-cured surface coatings, especially Final Varnish LC were more successful than other groups in terms of water sorption and solubility.
Dual thyroid ectopia: A pictorial case series and review of literature
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Singhal Tejasvini , Krishna Sai , Narayan Manishi
Published: September 2020

Ectopic thyroid (ET) is a developmental anomaly of the thyroid gland with the presence of thyroid tissue at sites other than the normal cervical location anterior to second and third tracheal ring due to abnormal migration of the gland. It may be found along the path of descent of the developing thyroid primordium from the foramen caecum to the isthmus of the thyroid and up to the base of the diaphragm. Dual thyroid ectopia, where ET tissue is simultaneously present at two different abnormal locations, is a very rare developmental defect. Only a few cases have been reported worldwide. ET is predominantly seen in females and during puberty when the hormonal demand is high. Patients with ET may remain asymptomatic or present with swelling in the neck, symptoms such as dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnea, and features of hypothyroidism. The diagnosis is usually made on clinical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and cytology. Careful clinical evaluation is essential as ET may be the only functioning thyroid tissue. Thyroid scintigraphy is an important imaging tool and the gold standard for the diagnosis of ET tissue, as it has high sensitivity and specificity. Early and accurate diagnosis of ET is essential to start hormone replacement and avoid unnecessary surgery. The authors report here a series of four patients with dual ET tissue, diagnosed on thyroid scintigraphy.
Mucinous urachal adenocarcinoma: A potential nonfluorodeoxyglucose-avid pitfall on 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Das Jeeban , Vargas Hebert , Ulaner Gary
Published: September 2020

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the urachal remnant is a nonurothelial malignancy that may be asymptomatic until locally advanced or metastatic. We describe a 37-year-old woman with invasive ductal breast carcinoma who underwent 18Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT) demonstrating a non-FDG avid pelvic mass, initially suspected to represent a pedunculated uterine fibroid. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mixed solid-cystic mass separate from the uterus, suspicious for urachal neoplasm, confirmed as mucinous adenocarcinoma on histopathology. Urachal tumors may not be FDG-avid and represent a potential pitfall on FDG PET/CT.
Prognostic Impact of Age at the Time of Diagnosis in Korean Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in the Rituximab Era: A Single Institution Study
Authors: Hwang Hee Sang , Kim Meejeong , Park Chan-Sik , Yoon Dok Hyun , Suh Cheolwon , Huh Jooryung , Go Heounjeong
Published: September 2020

PurposeIn contrast to the Western diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), prognostic impact of age in a Korean population with DLBCL has not been fully evaluated. Materials and MethodsSix hundred and eight DLBCL patients treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapeutic regimens from January 2002 to March 2012 in Asan Medical Center were enrolled. Survival models using the restricted cubic spine−transformed age variable were constructed to evaluate non-linear relationships between age and survival outcome. Finally, age was categorized according to the conventional international prognostic index (IPI), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-IPI, and Grupo Español de Linfomas/Trasplante Autólogo de Médula Ósea (GELTAMO)-IPI schemes and the prognostic implications were evaluated.ResultsThe relative hazard did not change significantly during the first to fifth decades, but began to increase exponentially in patients aged over 62 years. This pattern or relationship was also retained in a multivariate model fitted to the age-adjusted IPI and relative dose intensity. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that age > 75 years, but not age > 60 years, was associated independently with poor overall and progression-free survival when the relative dose intensity and age-adjusted IPI were taken into account. ConclusionThe outcome of DLBCL in Korean populations may deteriorate rapidly as age exceeds 62 years. Therefore, a consensus cutoff value for age in Korean DLBCL patients should be determined to better predict prognosis.
The action spectrum characterizes closed contact 3-manifolds all of whose Reeb orbits are closed
Authors: Cristofaro-Gardiner Daniel , Mazzucchelli Marco
Published: September 2020

A classical theorem due to Wadsley implies that, on a connected contact manifold all of whose Reeb orbits are closed, there is a common period for the Reeb orbits. In this paper we show that, for any Reeb flow on a closed connected 3-manifold, the following conditions are actually equivalent: (1) every Reeb orbit is closed; (2) all closed Reeb orbits have a common period; (3) the action spectrum has rank 1. We also show that, on a fixed closed connected 3-manifold, a contact form with an action spectrum of rank 1 is determined (up to pull-back by diffeomorphisms) by the set of minimal periods of its closed Reeb orbits.
Rigidity of center Lyapunov exponents and $su$-integrability
Authors: Gan Shaobo , Shi Yi
Published: September 2020

Let

f

be a conservative partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism, which is homotopic to an Anosov automorphism

A

on

\mathbb{T}^3

. We show that the stable and unstable bundles of

f

are jointly integrable if and only if every periodic point of

f

admits the same center Lyapunov exponent with

A

. This implies every conservative partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism, which is homotopic to an Anosov automorphism on

\mathbb{T}^3

, is ergodic. This proves the Ergodic Conjecture proposed by Hertz–Hertz–Ures on

\mathbb{T}^3

.
Land use/land cover patterns and challenges to sustainable management of the Mono transboundary biosphere reserve between Togo and Benin, West Africa
Authors: Adjonou Kossi , Bindaoudou Issa Adbou-Kérim , Segla Kossi Novinyo , Idohou Rodrigue , Salako Kolawole Valère , Glele-Kakaï Romain , Kokou Kouami
Published: September 2020

The Mono Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (RBTM) has significant resources but faces many threats that lead to habitat fragmentation and reduction of ecosystem services. This study, based on satellite image analysis and processing, was carried out to establish the baseline of land cover and land use status and to analyze their dynamics over the period 1986 to 2015. The baseline of land cover established six categories of land use including wetlands (45.11%), mosaic crops/fallow (25.99%), savannas (17.04%), plantation (5.50%), agglomeration/bare soil (4.38%) and dense forest (1.98%). The analysis of land use dynamics showed a regression for wetlands (-23%), savannas (-16.06%) and dense forest (-7.60%). On the contrary, occupations such as mosaic crops/fallow land, urban agglomerations/bare soil and plantation increase in area estimated at respectively 128.64%, 93.94% and 45.23%. These results are of interest to stakeholders who assess decisions affecting the use of natural resources and provide environmental information essential for applications ranging from land-use planning, forest cover monitoring and the production of environmental statistics.Keywords: Land use, baseline, spatial dynamics, environmental statistics, ecological monitoring.
Post-grant patent review in China: an empirical analysis
Authors: Bian Renjun
Published: September 2020

With a series of policies to stimulate innovation and patent activities, China has become a world leader in both patent applications and patent litigation. These major developments, together with the escalated US-China trade tensions, have made China an integral but controversial venue for international patent protection. The Chinese patent system, especially its detailed practice and cases, is in need of a comprehensive empirical study. This article analyzed 8766 Chinese patent invalidity cases decided between 2014 and 2016, which, together with my prior work on patent infringement lawsuits, offers a comprehensive picture on how the bifurcated patent system in China works. First, it found that only a small number, about 2.0 percent, of Chinese patents are ever subject to infringement or invalidity disputes, shedding light on the patent office's rational ignorance of a patent's validity at first place. Second, it found that the invalidity rate for invention patents in China (54.6%) was lower than in many other countries, such as the US (83.9%) and Germany (73%), indicating that the Chinese patent system is more pro-patentee than once believed. Third, it raised the question of Chinese patents’ quality based on various characteristics of these cases, including patent types and petitioners’ entity status.
K-NEAREST NEIGHBOUR CLASSIFIER USAGE FOR PERMISSION BASED MALWARE DETECTION IN ANDROID
Authors: ARSLAN Recep Sinan , Yurttakal Ahmet Haşim
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Android application platform is making rapid progress in these days. This development has made it the target of malicious application developers. This situation provides a numerical increase in malware apps, diversity in techniques, and rise of damage. Therefore, it is very critical to detect these software and escalation the security of mobile users. Static and dynamic analysis, behaviour scrutiny, machine learning methods are used to ensure security. In this study, K-nearest Neighbourhood (KNN) classifier, one of the machine learning methods, is used. Thus, it is aimed to detect malignant mobile software successfully and quickly. The tests is conducted with dataset includes 492 malware and 697 benign applications. In the proposed algorithm, neighbour number 5 and distance metric is preferred as Minkowski. 80% of dataset randomly selected is reserved for training and 20% for testing. As a result, while 94.1% accuracy is achieved, precision 91.2%, recall 92.7% recall and f1-measure is 92.4%. The high value obtained in f1-measure shows that the proposed model is successful in detecting both malware and benevolent software. The success of using KNN algorithm in classification of malicious apps in the Android has been demonstrated.
Harran Ovası Koşullarında Farklı Azot Dozları ve Su Seviyelerinin Pamuk (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Bitkisinde Bazı İyon Miktarlarına Etkisi
Authors: Doğan Mahmut
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışma, pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) bitkisinin azot-su ilişkilerini, sulamanın ve azot dozlarının bitkinin, kuraklık stresi sonucunda meydana gelen iyon miktarlarındaki (Na+, K+, Ca++ ve Cl-) değişimlerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Uygulamaya bağlı olarak kuraklık stresi toleransının nasıl etkilendiği iyon miktarları bakımından incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda azot uygulamasına bağlı olarak Potasyum, (K+) ve Sodyum (Na+) miktarları kontrolden yüksek bulunurken, Kalsiyum (Ca++)ve Klor (Cl-) miktarında kontrole göre önemli bir değişiklik meydana gelmemiştir. Potasyumun artmış olması önemli bir gösterge olarak kabul edilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucunda çiftçi bazında uygulama yaparken, çalışmada kullanılan N20-I75 ve N20-I100 azot-su dozlarından birincisinin veya bu iki dozun arasında bir değerin seçilmesi ve meyve öncesi dönemde en az 2 defa 10' ar gün arayla uygulama yapılması uygun olacaktır. Ancak, üre uygulamasından önce bitkinin azot beslenme statüsünün belirlenmesi ve uygulama dozu ve sayısının buna göre yapılması gerekmektedir.
Çekme Düzensizliği Bulunan Betonarme Binaların Geçiş Kat Döşemelerinin Modellenmesi
Authors: DEMİRBAŞ Nurbanu
Published: September 2020

Döşemeler, katlara etkiyen deprem yüklerini düşey taşıyıcılara aktaran, bu elemanlarının birlikte çalışmasını sağlayan yatay taşıyıcı sistem elemanlardır. Düşey taşıyıcılara oranla yüksek düzlem içi rijitliğe sahip olan döşemeler, rijit diyafram olarak modellenirler. Rijit diyafram modeli, taşıyıcı sistemi düzenli betonarme binalar için uygun çözüm sunmaktadır. Ancak normal katlardan perdelerle çevrili bodrum kata geçiş döşemeleri ile düşey doğrultuda plan alanlarının aniden değiştiği çekme düzensizliği bulunan binalardaki geçiş kat döşemeleri için rijit diyafram kabulünün dikkatle irdelenmesi gerekmektedir. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY-2019)’nde geçiş kat döşemelerinin sonlu elemanlarla modellenmesi ve yeterli rijitliğe sahip olduğunun hesapla gösterilmesinin gerekliliği belirtilmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada çekme düzensizliğine sahip betonarme bina modelleri üzerinde, rijit diyafram modeli ile döşemelerin esnek davranışını (düzlem içi şekil değiştirmelerini) göz önüne alan sonlu eleman modeli arasındaki farklar incelenerek rijit diyafram modelinin uygulanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla modellerde, döşemeler rijit diyafram modeli ve iki boyutlu sonlu eleman modeli olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde modellenmiş, mod birleştirme yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.  Modeller, modal katkılar, geçiş kattaki yatay ötelenme değişimi, ve gerilme dağılımlarındaki değişimler dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Analizler neticesinde sonlu eleman modelinin, incelenen sistemler için rijit diyafram modeline oranla büyük değerler verdiği, ancak aradaki farkın kabul edilebilir limitler arasında olduğu görülmüştür. Analiz süresinde sağladığı avantaj dikkate alındığında yeterli döşeme kalınlığı alınarak rijit diyafram kabulünün incelenen sistemler için uygun olacağı kanaatine varılmıştır.
Crude Oil Pipeline Capacity and Economic Stability
Authors: Ewing Bradley
Published: September 2020

This study estimates how crude oil pipeline capacity affects the volatility of industrial production. The standard economic impacts of pipelines on jobs, output, value added, and government revenues are firmly established. However, this paper fills a void in the literature by exploring whether pipeline capacity leads to greater economic stability. Results show that pipelines play a critical role in promoting economic stability.
Sono e fatores de estresse de professores do ensino superior da área da saúde
Authors: Dos Santos Francelly Carvalho , Viana Caroline Stefanie Oliveira , Melo Larissa da Silva , Costa Paula Beatriz Moura , Ykeda Daisy Satomi
Published: September 2020

Introdução: O profissional docente é submetido a avaliações, exigências de qualificação e produtividade, que demandam gastos financeiros e tempo, gerando a necessidade de diversos empregos e dificultando o equilíbrio entre a vida pessoal e responsabilidades sociais, que, por sua vez, pode desenvolver estresse, prejudicar o sono e rendimento profissional. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade do sono e identificar os principais fatores estressores da população de professores do ensino superior da área de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, quantitativo e transversal com 27 docentes do ensino superior da área da saúde. Utilizou-se o Questionário de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh, contendo perguntas relativas aos hábitos de sono, durante o último mês, Questionário de Fatores de Estresse de Professores que apresenta 36 fatores estressores relacionados à docência e ficha de identificação da amostra contendo questões como idade, gênero, estado civil, etc. Os dados foram inseridos em planilha EXCEL e realizado o tratamento estatístico, por meio da análise dos dados pelo programa de estatística SPSS 20.0. Foram apresentados, em média, desvio padrão e frequência relativa (%). Os dados com distribuição normal, avaliados pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, foram comparados pelo Teste t de Student, considerando, estatisticamente, significante o p ? 0,05. Resultados: PSQI-BR: 44% - boa qualidade de sono; 56% - qualidade de sono ruim. QFEP: fatores de maior estresse: longas jornadas de trabalho, falta de tempo para si, multiplicidade de tarefas do educador, burocratização das atividades, falta de remuneração satisfatória, tempo de dedicação exigido excessivo e falta de reconhecimento administrativo do profissional. Conclusão: A maioria dos participantes apresentou qualidade de sono ruim e os fatores com maiores potenciais de estresse foram as longas jornadas de trabalho e a multiplicidade de tarefas do educador, no entanto, ainda, são  necessários mais estudos sobre o tema em questão.
Determining the time required to disinfect a sponge contaminated with Escherichia coli, using a commercial microwave
Authors: Bassan Amrita , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Sidhu Bobby , Keilbart Ken , Shaw Fred
Published: September 2020

Background: Disinfection and sanitation are important in areas where food is involved. Thorough cleaning is a necessity to prevent growth of harmful pathogens that could affect human health. Sponges used for cleaning can serve as a vehicle for cross-contamination on food preparation surfaces. There are various methods that could be used to disinfect contaminated sponges. The usage of a microwave is one suggested method. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if the Scotch-BriteTM Brand, cellulose sponges contaminated with E.coli (105 cfu/ml) could be disinfected using a microwave set at three timings (30 seconds, 1 minute, and 2 minutes). Methods: The Hygiena MicroSnap was used to detect the presence (or absence) of E.coli in sponges after microwave heating. The relative light units (RLU) indicated in the monitor determined whether there were any remaining coliforms in the sample after microwaving. Results: Statistical analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and NCSS. After heating sponges for 30 seconds, 100% of the samples detected no E.coli. After heating for 1 minute, 70% of the samples had no E.coli present. After heating for 2 minutes, 100% of the samples detected no E.coli. The p-value of 0.03567 concludes that the results were statistically significant at the 5% significance level. Discussion: The results of this study indicate that sponges contaminated with E.coli can be disinfected using microwave heating. EHOs, food establishment operators, and the general public can use this knowledge to re-use their old sponges and avoid further cross-contamination. Conclusions: The results indicate that microwave time is associated with the presence or absence of E.coli in a sponge. However, E.coli was present in 3 samples microwaved at 1 minute. This suggests further studies are required to confirm the findings of this study. In addition, further studies are required to determine what specific time is sufficient to completely eliminate the E.coli in a contaminated sponge.
The efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizers used in a series, modifying the ASTM E2755 method with a shorter hand sanitizer application time
Authors: Christie Scott , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Sidhu Bobby
Published: September 2020

Background: Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are becoming increasingly common in healthcare settings in an effort to control communicable bacteria, viruses and fungi of health significance. Much research has been done on the effectiveness of alcohol-based hand sanitizers but few studies look at the effectiveness when combined with more typical usage, such as varying application times and amounts. Methods: We looked at the efficacy of the microbial killing power of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer when used in a series of 5 applications. ASTM E2755 was used with the modification of a shorter application time (8 seconds from the recommended 30 seconds) of the sanitizer to better reflect actual healthcare worker usage. Results: We found an increase in the amount of indicator bacteria on the gloved hands of the subjects after repeated applications. However the increase was not significant enough in that a 2-log reduction of indicator bacteria was still achieved. Using a One Sample T-Test we found a very low probability value (<0.00000), indicating that the results were statistically significant. Conclusions: There is an increase of bacteria on gloved hands after repeated use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. The results show a decrease in their effectiveness, most likely due to a build up of various non-alcohol components in hand sanitizers. However even with the 8 second application time there was still a greater than two log reduction even after 5 serial contaminations and applications. This cautiously shows that there is significantly less danger posed by more common shorter application times than originally thought. These findings have a potential impact on hand hygiene education as other factors, such as frequency or sanitizer amounts can be safely emphasized over application times.
UV transmittance in market place sunglasses and their adherence to established standards
Authors: Serizawa Daisuke , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Heacock Helen
Published: September 2020

Background: Sunglasses are used to shade and protect the public’s eyes every day. However some improperly made sunglasses offer inadequate UV protection that shade the eyes and dilate pupils, while letting in a high dose of UV radiation into sensitive ocular tissues. This UV exposure can have acute and chronic effects such as temporary blindness and clouding of the eye. This study investigated the prevalence of sunglasses with poor UV protection and examined any relationships or associations between such sunglasses and their retail price or declared protective standards. Methods: 35 unused sunglasses available in the Metro Vancouver area were tested using an Agilent 8453 UV-visible Spectroscopy System for UV transmittance rates in the UVA, UVB, and UVC wavelengths. Results were statistically analyzed for any potential relationships or associations between price, price categories, total number of wavelengths failed, transmittance test results, decal presence, and types of decals present. Results: Sample sunglasses were distributed to be 51% budget sunglasses, 23% standard sunglasses, and 26% premium sunglasses. Of these 35 sunglasses, 11% failed the 4% permitted transmittance test, and 89% of the sunglasses had some form of UV protection claim adhered or printed on the product. Statistically significant associations, using Chi-squared analysis, could not be found between transmittance test results and price category, UV protection claims, or the type of UV protection claim; p-values were found to be 0.43643, 0.44525, and 0.58402, respectively. A statistically significant relationship, using linear regression, could not be found between price and total wavelengths failed; p-value was found to be 0.2272 with a slope of -0.1334 Conclusion: Though no statistically significant relationships or associations could not be found, the study did find sunglasses that offered inadequate UV protection, leading to the conclusion that there are sunglasses in the Metro Vancouver market that are inappropriate for standard UV protection.
Disinfection efficacy studies on three different disinfection methods in health care facilities by ATP method
Authors: Zhuang Harry , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Heacock Helen , Shaw Fred
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Nosocomial infection has always been a significant topic in the field of public health. The disinfection procedures involved in health care facilities are extremely important to prevent potential transmission of diseases. Therefore, this study was performed to compare the disinfection efficacy between three different disinfection methods (Accel wipes, Hubscrub industrial washer, and Steam vapor) on three pieces of non-critical medical equipment: wheelchairs, mattresses and bath chairs. Methods: The method used to evaluate the disinfection efficacy compared the reduction of contaminants count in the relative light unit using ATP monitoring methods. 30 samples of each of the three types of medical equipment were swabbed pre-disinfection and post-disinfection using the three disinfection methods. The recorded reduction number was then converted using log transformation. Statistical analysis was conducted using NCSS to assess differences between the disinfection methods. Results: The mean log-reduction of disinfection for Accel wipes, Hubscrub, and steam vapor were 1.067, 1.490, and 1.485 respectively. Steam vapor and Hubscrub displayed statistically significantly better disinfection efficacy compared to Accel wipes in terms of log reduction (overall p=0.000002). Conclusion: Hubscrub and steam vapor are better disinfectants compared to Accel wipes in terms of mean log reduction values; however, all three disinfection methods demonstrated effectiveness when cleaning and disinfecting non-critical medical equipment. For critical medical equipment, steam vapor and Hubscrub industrial washing are effective while Accel wipes do not meet the standards of high-level disinfection. As a result, combination usages of all three disinfection methods are recommended at health care facilities based on the categories of the medical equipment.
The effectiveness of smartphone temperature sensors for ambient temperature monitoring
Authors: Gavin Sonia , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Sidhu Bobby
Published: September 2020

Background: Heat-related illness during extreme weather events is a leading cause of death and morbidity among vulnerable populations. Heat health alert systems are crucial in preventing serious impacts due to extreme heat, however its efficacy is limited by available atmospheric temperature data. A study was conducted to determine the accuracy of a silicon band-gap sensor integrated into certain models of smartphones when compared to a well-documented thermistor themperature sensor. Methods: Ambient temperature readings were taken at a location chosen within Burnaby, BC, using both a Met One sensor and a Sensirion sensor integrated into a smartphone. The data was then analyzed using a dependent T-test for paired samples to determine whether there was a significant difference between the grouped readings. Results: According to the results of the dependent T-test with data adjusted to a calibration curve, it was determined that there was no difference between the readings taken by the Met One and the Sensirion sensors, t(30)= -0.68, p=0.5 (95% CI, -0.04 to 0.02). Conclusions: Although further research is needed, the results of this study suggest that temperature sensors found in smartphones may be a smaller, lower-cost, and more accessible alternative to some of the higher-end models currently used to measure ambient temperature for the purposes of public health planning and policy-making.