bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herramientas virtuales de simulación en la enseñanza de la astronomía diurna en futuros maestros de Primaria.
Authors: Ibañez Plana Manel , Estrada Roca Assumpta , Barbero Sola Iván
Published: April 2017

Este trabajo presenta el impacto de la incorporación de herramientas virtuales de simulación de libre distribución combinadas con un modelo instruccional constructivista y dialógico en la docencia de la astronomía diurna en la formación universitaria de los futuros maestros de Primaria. La implementación se evalúa mediante un diseño cuasi experimental. La evaluación consiste en pruebas individuales pre/post test y la elaboración grupal de una secuencia didáctica. El pre-test muestra la igualdad inicial entre grupos así como el desconocimiento por parte de los estudiantes de los conceptos básicos en astronomía diurna. A pesar del tamaño reducido de la muestra participante concluimos que las herramientas virtuales y el modelo instruccional han contribuido a mejorar la instrucción tradicional.
Water as a weapon in ancient times: considerations of technical and ethical aspects
Authors: Del Giacco L. J. , Drusiani R. , Lucentini L. , Murtas S.
Published: April 2017

This paper addresses the issue of how water played a role in ancient conflicts, from the poisoning of water sources to flooding, to stop the advance of enemy armies. It deals with military actions quoted by several ancient Greek and Roman authors, who in some cases narrate these experiences first-hand. Although many abhorred such actions, they were considered tactical expedients to resort to, as cited by the war manuals of the time. The analysis starts from the ‘manual’ Strategemata of Sextus Julius Frontinus, in addition to other references left by historians and chroniclers of different periods. It continues with the evaluation of the impact of the intentional actions of water contamination described by the ancient authors, according to present toxicological and health knowledge.
A combined reed bed/freezing bed technology for septage treatment and reuse in cold climate regions
Authors: Kinsley C. , Kennedy K. , Crolla A.
Published: April 2017

A combined reed bed-freezing bed (RB-FB) technology was effective at treating septage under Canadian climatic conditions over a 5-year period with average loading rates of 82–104 kg TS/m2/y. Varying hydraulic and solid loading rates as well as the increasing sludge cake with time had little to no effect on treatment efficiency, with almost complete removal of organic matter, solids, heavy metals and nutrients. Filtrate concentrations varied significantly between the freeze-thaw and growing seasons for many parameters, although the differences were not important from a treatment or reuse perspective with filtrate quality similar to a low to medium strength domestic wastewater. The potential to reuse the filtrate as a source of irrigation water will depend upon local regulations. The dewatered sludge cake consistently met biosolids land application standards in terms of pathogen and metals content, with Escherichia coli numbers declining with time as sludge cake depth increased. A combined RB-FB technology can provide a cost-effective solution for septage management in northern rural communities with potential for beneficial reuse of both the filtrate and dewatered sludge cake.
An exploratory study of the effects of stormwater pipeline materials on transported stormwater quality
Authors: Borris Matthias , Österlund Heléne , Marsalek Jiri , Viklander Maria
Published: April 2017

Implications of three sewer pipe materials (concrete, galvanized corrugated steel, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) for stormwater quality were explored in laboratory experiments, in which three types of stormwater, SW1–SW3, were circulated in 0.5 m long sewer pipe sections. SW1 and SW2 represented synthetic rainwater, without and with fine street sediment added (CTSS = 150 mg/L), respectively, and SW3 was actual stormwater with the same sediment addition as SW2. Following 20-min runs, with an equivalent distance of 500 m travelled by water particles, a number of statistically significant changes in the stormwater chemistry were observed: (i) pH of all the simulated stormwaters increased in the concrete pipe (from 7.0–7.3 to 8.1–9.3), (ii) turbidity decreased in two stormwaters with sediments (SW2 and SW3) in concrete and galvanized corrugated steel pipes (by 50 and 85%, respectively), (iii) the type of stormwater affected the observed copper (Cu) concentrations, with Cudiss concentrations as high as 25.3 μg/L noted in SW3 passing through the PVC pipe, and (iv) zinc (Zn) concentrations sharply increased (Zntot = 759–1,406 μg/L, Zndiss = 670–1,400 μg/L) due to Zn elution from the galvanized steel pipe by all three stormwaters. Such levels exceeded the applicable environmental guidelines.
Методологические и методические основы исследования метакогнитивных детерминант организации деятельности
Authors: Karpov Anatolii V. , Karpov Aleksandr А. , Subbotina Larisa Yu.
Published: April 2017

Modern meta-cognitivism has formulated certain key methodological and methodical problems but left them unsolved. To overcome this limitation this paper presents a new methodological approach to studying meta-cognitive determinants of activity – the principle of activity-mediated research of meta-cognitive processes and personality traits.This approach provided a basis for elaborating the complex of new research techniques for revealing the features of the meta-cognitive regulation of activity: (a) the technique of “activity probing”, (b) the technique of “style differentiation”, (c) the technique of “reflective stratification”, and (d) the technique of “factorial decompositions”. These techniques are constructive means for obtaining ecologically valid data on the specificity of the meta-cognitive regulation of activity.The paper brings forward the results of studies with the application of these techniques. By using these techniques, the explication of many new and previously undescribed features of the meta-cognitive regulation of activity becomes possible. In particular, generative synergistic effects resulting from synthesizing the key metacognitive processes and factors were revealed and interpreted. The two main types of meta-processes – meta-cognitive and meta-regulative – had facilitative (i. e. synergistic) associations in the structure of activity. This considerably expands the general cognitiveregulating potential of a subject. This finding also supports the resource approach to the interpretation of meta-cognitive factors. The results of the study determined general directions in approaching one of the most important problems of modern meta-cognitivism – overcoming its out-of-activity nature and, accordingly, its synthesis with the psychological theory of activity.
Временная перспектива в условиях негарантированной работы
Authors: Chuykova Tatiana S. , Sotnikova2 Dar'ya I.
Published: April 2017

The paper examines features of employees’ time perspective in the conditions of the unguaranteed work. Proceeding from the studies revealing time perspective distortion in the unemployed, the hypothesis states that similar effects can be characteristic for the unguaranteed work. The analysis of research on time perspective suggests that little attention has been devoted to studying this issue. However, a person experiences the uncertainty of the present and the future in a situation of the unguaranteed work; this involves a change in time perspective. Depression as a indicator of subjective trouble is another important consequence of the experience of the unguaranteed work.The empirical study involved employees of various organizations of a large industrial city in the central part of Russia (n = 104). On the basis of subjective parameters of the unguaranteed work, the sample was split into two subsamples: (a) the respondents perceiving their work as unguaranteed (44 employees); (b) the respondents perceiving their work as relatively guaranteed (60 employees). Next, the rates of time perspective and the level of depression were compared in these  two subgroups. The findings revealed statistically significant differences between temporal orientations and the level of depression. The scores of the orientation towards the negative past and the fatalistic present, as well as the level of depression were higher in the group of employees perceiving their work as unguaranteed. The correlation analysis of the unguaranteed work parameters, time perspective scores, and the level of depression indirectly confirmed the differences between two subsamples. Variance analysis showed that changes in time perspective and subjective perceiving work as unguaranteed contributed to increasing depression among employees perceiving their own work as unguaranteed. In its turn, increasing depression may heighten the perception of their own working status as insecure.
Формирование личности несовершеннолетнего правонарушителя
Authors: Degtyareva Olga L.
Published: April 2017

This paper attempts the following: (a) to discuss the domestic concepts of thedelinquent’s personality; (b) to analyze the age characteristics of puberty and variousviews on the factors influencing the delinquent’s personality; (c) to present the study ofpersonal traits of adolescents committed a theft and the influence of a family situationand the criminal social environment on illegal behavior; (d) to reveal the associationamong aggressiveness, anxiety, and frustration, as well as their role in human behavior.

The results of the study indicated the following: (a) Delinquent adolescents had a high level of anxiety (both situational and personal) and high levels of rigidity and frustration. (b) A negative family situation influenced the delinquent adolescent’s personality. (c) Juvenile delinquents explained their own nonconformity by inconsequent parental upbringing. (d) Delinquent adolescents emphasized fathers’ directivity in their upbringing. (e) The educational influence of fathers was important in forming the adolescent’s delinquency. (f) The mother’s control of the adolescent’s behavior influenced the development of a law-abiding person. (g) The influence of relatives who had previously served a sentence of deprivation of liberty determined delinquent adolescents’ neuroticism and its illegality.The main results revealed the following psychological defense mechanisms in delinquent adolescents: projection (attributing one’s own thoughts, feelings, motives,  and traits to anyone or anything, as well as the perception of internal phenomena as external ones) and rationalization (substitution of true reasons of behavior or decisions for other rational explanations safe for self-appraisal).Delinquent adolescents’ neuroticism correlated with previous convictions of close relatives. These results suggest that emotional instability is a consequence of convicted family members’ influence and explain the criminal manifestation of neuroticism and anxiety. The number of previous convictions correlated with delinquents’ emotional instability.
Особенности самоотношения студентов вуза, занимающихся и не занимающихся спортом, в связи с самовосприятием физической и эстетической модальностей Я-образа
Authors: Babiyants Karine А. , Kolomiichenko Elena V. , Khazhuev Islam S.
Published: April 2017

The paper (a) examines psychological features of self-attitude in students involved and not involved in sports; (b) analyzes features of self-perception in students involved in gender-specific and gender-non-specific sports by means of categories of self-image, physical self, and aesthetic self; (c) proves that bodily perception of self-image influences self-attitude in students while studying at university.

Studying students’ self-attitude in early youth is of interest because it is the period of active interpersonal interaction, finding of their own place in the world, entering the system of social reproduction, forming socio-moral evaluations, social adaptation through sports activities.

The theoretical section describes the main concepts of self-attitude in domestic and foreign psychology, as well as features of the development of self-attitude in students. The analysis emphasizes the influence of (a) bodily perception on self-attitude in students involved in gender-specific and gender-non-specific sports, as well as (b) sports specialization on ego-identity of the person.

The empirical study revealed (a) the main principles of self-attitude in university students involved and not involved in sports in relation to self-perception of physical and aesthetic modalities of self-image; (b) associations among personal qualities, gender identity, social adaptiveness, and modality of self-concept.

The findings of the statistical analysis confirmed the credibility of the studies and conclusions. The final section concludes with a summary. The results are of direct practical relevance.

The methodological tools of the study included the following: (a) S. Bem Gender Identity Questionnaire; (b) M. Kuhn and T. McPartland Twenty Statements Test; (c) S. R. Pantileev technique for studying self-attitude “MIS”; (d) K. Rogers and R. Diamond technique for studying socio-psychological adaptation “SPA” (in modification of A. K. Osnitskii); (e) T. Leary Interpersonal Diagnosis (in modification of L. N. Sobchik); (f) E. V. Kolomiychenko questionnaire “Your relation to sports” for students involved in sports; (g) and “Physical Self” and “Aesthetic Self” questionnaires.

The participants comprised 109 (60 girls and 49 young men) students of sciences and humanities faculties of Southern Federal University aged 18–22 years, involved and not involved in sports.
Человечность и креативность в нравственном развитии молодежи
Authors: Bryukhova Natal'ya G. , Agafonova Svetlana V.
Published: April 2017

Humaneness is a manifestation of morals. The present paper discusses the problem of overcoming moral crisis in modern society and analyses the development of humaneness and creativity in the moral development of young people. Features of self-actualizing personality in foreign humanistic psychology do not correspond to the concept of moral personality in domestic psychology. The analysis demonstrated differences in approaches to the concepts of “humaneness” and “creativity”. The empirical study carried out in 2012–2016 involved 992 persons. The obtained results revealed average levels of young people’s humaneness and creativity. Moreover, psychology and pedagogy students and young experts (especially girls) had lower rates of “good” and “evil” functions than respondents in other samples. Hence, moral development and a moral choice between good and evil are especially important in the formation of professionally significant qualities of future pedagogues and psychologists. The data showed (a) the negative correlation among creativity, “good”, and “humaneness factor”, (b) the positive correlation between creativity and “evil”. The development of young people’s creativity decreases the level of moral development by the factor of humaneness.

The theoretical analysis and the findings from the empirical study of the association between humaneness and creativity established the necessity of critical understanding of foreign humanistic psychological propositions, because of their contradiction with the person’s realization of enduring universal moral principles and norms. The formation of the ability to assess what is going on according to the criteria of humaneness is required to support the personal development of young people.
Семья в структуре ценностей молодежи
Authors: Rean Artur А.
Published: April 2017

Despite the fact that a family is extremely significant in the system of values of young people, the number of divorces is increasing in this population group. The analysis establishes that young people need to be prepared for family life. The paper presents the results of a large-scale empirical study conducted in eight regions in Russia’s various federal districts. The study involved over 7000 respondents from two-parent and one-parent families, as well as families with up to two children and large families; they were inhabitants of Russian large and small cities and villages. The findings of the study revealed that (a) a family led in the structure of young people’s life values. (b) Most respondents believed that a family was a precondition for happiness. (c) Most respondents noted that one should be prepared for family life. (d) Only a third of respondents believed that a school course in family issues could solve this problem. (e) Most respondents noted that their parent families failed to be role models. (f) Young people’s reproductive attitudes towards having two or three children did not correspond to modern real demographic statistics. (g) More than half of the respondents approved civil marriages. (h) Young people were less tolerant towards births outside of marriage. (i) Mothers had greater influence on young people in their development. (j) The generalized portraits of mothers and fathers were entirely positive (without any negative characteristics). (k) The most popular common qualities of both mothers and fathers were the following: kind, dependable, caring, responsible, domestic, and clever.
К проблеме взаимосвязи временной децентрации с самооценкой личности на этапах переживания психологического кризиса
Authors: Yasko Bela А. , Tkhagalizhokova Lubov V.
Published: April 2017

By investigating a physician’s professional and personal development the empirical study tests the hypothesis suggesting that temporal decentration of personality is a marker of existential “normative” or “extra-normative” crises. Decentration on the past marks the crisis of actual self-realization, which takes place in early professional and personal development of the subject. The research supplements the current psychological interpretation of the content characteristics of option normative crises and the crisis of the third year of studying with the following: (a) decreasing actual self-appraisal, desire to keep emotional balance by ego defense with the overestimation of happiness in the past – in childhood and adolescence (option crisis); (b) estimating the current life period as unsuccessful, with the compensation of crisis experiences and overestimation of self-realization in previous life periods (crisis of the third year of studying).

Decentration on the future is a reflection of the extra-normative crisis of nonrealization. The person finds poorly developed abilities of a competent being in time; he/she hopes for the future fulfillment of his/her aspirations reflected in the highest measures of all the components of the “Future Self” self-appraisal.Centration on the present is a type of a subject’s psychological time in the most active life periods. The experience of psychological time in the person centered on actual life senses and values is positive, without overestimation of previous achievements or over-expectations from the future.The analysis highlighted the regression of temporal orientation in maturity. This paradox can be associated with a change in the structure of sense-life orientations, values, and driving motives. Clearly, the next stage of the research will be checking this assumption, as well as testing the hypothesis about internal resources for overcoming the crisis of the third year of studying in students with a satisfactory level of temporal competence.
Динамика этнической идентичности студентов коми-пермяков и русских в процессе обучения
Authors: Kornienko1 Dmitriy S. , Gaidamashko Igor' V. , Kandybovich Sergei L.
Published: April 2017

Ethnic identity is a system of the individual’s representations and attitudes concerning his/her ethnic group. The learning process positively affects interethnic interaction and promotes the mutual acceptance of ethnic groups. The Komi-Perm people lose their ethnic identity because of the desire to belong to a wider or more attractive socio-ethnic group. The paper attempts the following: (a) to present the study of ethnic identity and ethnoaffiliative motives in Komi-Perm and Russian students; (b) to examine ethnic identity dynamics in Komi-Perm and Russian students in the learning process; (c) to analyze the joint effect of factors of ethnos, stage of training, and gender. Works of G. U. Soldatova, T. G. Stefanenko, and V. Yu. Khotinets in the field of ethnic identity provided the theoretical and methodological basis for this study. The participants comprised 273 junior and senior students. The “Types of Ethnic Identity” questionnaire (G. U. Soldatova, S. V. Ryzhova) was applied to examine the characteristics of ethnic identity. Statistical methods included comparative analysis, t-test, and variance analysis.The study findings suggest that negative characteristics of ethnic identity decrease in Komi-Perm and Russian students in the joint learning process. Gender differences in ethnopsychological characteristics were manifested in the fact that women had higher rates of a positive ethnic identity. The results are of applied value for forming positive interethnic relations and identity.
FILOSOFIA UBUNTU
Authors: Vasconcelos Francisco Antonio de
Published: April 2017

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo refletir sobre alguns dos principais aspectos de Ubuntu, aqui considerado como uma das várias correntes da filosofia africana. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho caracteriza-se por ser de cunho qualitativo. Com efeito, trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica cujo corpus compõe-se de literatura especializada. Esta investigação se justifica, considerando-se que a sociedade contemporânea é marcada, dentre outras coisas, por um individualismo e egocentrismo excessivos além de uma valorização da matéria em detrimento do humano. A filosofia Ubuntu, que se traduz em “Eu sou, porque nós somos”, possui um potencial ético capaz de fortalecer um convívio social, no qual valores como a solidariedade, a confiança, o respeito, a generosidade são assumidos como fundamentais. Este trabalho investigativo chegou às seguintes conclusões: a filosofia Ubuntu representa uma das contribuições mais originais da filosofia africana; o potencial ético dessa corrente filosófica não deve ser desprezado pela filosofia brasileira; considerando que Brasil e África precisam aprender a pensar de modo descolonizado, é fato que os filósofos africanos estão mais comprometidos com essa tarefa do que os brasileiros, sendo a corrente filosófica Ubuntu um testemunho disso.
DESPOLITIZAÇÃO, DESMOTIVAÇÃO, LEGITIMIDADE
Authors: Berten André
Published: April 2017

As teorias políticas de inspiração kantiana propõem teorias da justiça, do direito e da democracia que pretendem poder ser justificadas racionalmente, seja a partir de uma teoria do contrato social, ou do consenso das pessoas razoáveis, ou de uma deliberação argumentada. Uma das pressuposições dessas teorias é que as pessoas podem ser motivadas pelo que aparece como mais justo, melhor, mais respeitoso das pessoas. Porém, o que podemos chamar de “amor da justiça” ou mais simplesmente um “desejo de justiça” implica sentimentos ou até paixões. Do outro lado, sabemos muito bem como as paixões políticas podem ser avassaladoras, como nos casos extremos do nazismo ou dos fascismos. É por isso que talvez deveríamos avaliar melhor o papel dos sentimentos e do afetivo no jogo político.
ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA BIBLIOTECONOMIA E CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO DO LESTE EUROPEU NO PÓS-SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL (1945-ANOS 1960)
Authors: Santos Junior Roberto Lopes dos
Published: April 2017

Pesquisa histórica, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e revisão de literatura em fontes secundárias, que analisa o desenvolvimento dos campos em biblioteconomia e informação científica no leste europeu (Alemanha Oriental, Hungria, Polônia, Bulgária, Tchecoslováquia e Romênia), entre o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial até o fim dos anos 1960. O estudo inicialmente analisou a constituição e desenvolvimento das bibliotecas na região, entre a idade média até o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Posteriormente discutiu-se o processo de reconstrução e reorganização das bibliotecas e dos cursos em biblioteconomia desses países após o conflito, e da constituição de institutos em informação científica na região sob influência do Instituto Estatal de Informação Científico e Técnica (VINITI) soviético. A pesquisa identificou que os acervos documentais desses países seguiram por um caminho de reestruturação que se manteria nas décadas seguintes, contudo muitas vezes assimilando, de forma impositiva, práticas e ideias produzidas por organismos e autores da União Soviética, o que continuou, de forma irregular, até o final da ocupação soviética na região, a partir de 1989.
EVOLUÇÃO CONTEXTO-CONCEITUAL DAS COMPETÊNCIAS INFOCOMUNICACIONAIS
Authors: Borges Jussara , Brandão Gleise
Published: April 2017

A proposta deste ensaio é discorrer sobre a evolução do conceito subjacente à competência em informação sem a pretensão de abarcar todos os pontos de vista sob os quais o conceito tem sido concebido. Acredita-se que a interação propiciada pelas tecnologias de informação e comunicação pressionam o conceito no sentido da inclusão de aspectos como a relação de comunicação com o outro. Assim, defende-se a promoção de um modelo que procura acrescentar à competência em informação o aspecto comunicativo, levando à proposta das competências infocomunicacionais. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de promover o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento dessas competências a partir da conectividade e da meta-aprendizagem, aspectos defendidos pelo conectivismo e pela metaliteracy. As reflexões em torno da aproximação das competências infocomunicacionais a esses dois conceitos possibilitam avançar quanto às discussões a respeito da evolução do conceito de competência em informação para uma perspectiva metacognitiva, interativa e colaborativa.
Tricomas foliares en Senecio sección Mulgediifolii (Senecioneae, Asteraceae)
Authors: Rojas-Leal Alicia , Villaseñor José Luis , Terrazas Teresa
Published: April 2017

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Se realizó un estudio del complemento de tricomas en las hojas de Senecio sección Mulgediifolii utilizando microscopía de luz y microscopía electrónica de barrido, con el propósito de determinar caracteres que faciliten la identificación de sus especies.Métodos: Se estudió el tercio medio de la lámina de hojas recolectadas en campo o tomadas de ejemplares de herbario. El material proveniente de herbario se hidrató en agua hirviendo y se aclaró con hidrato de cloral por varios días; el material recolectado en campo se fijó con FAA y posteriormente se conservó en alcohol etílico a 70%. Con ambos tipos de materiales se hicieron cortes transversales a mano alzada y se montaron en gelatina glicerinada. El material observado en el microscopio electrónico de barrido fue deshidratado, se llevó a punto crítico y se cubrió con polvo de oro.Resultados clave: Todas las especies de la sección presentan tricomas multicelulares uniseriados, los cuales pueden ser glandulares o no glandulares. Se identificaron seis tipos básicos de tricomas y dos subtipos, los cuales variaron de acuerdo con su posición en la lámina, con diferencias tanto en ornamentación como en depósitos de cera. Dos tipos de tricomas y una variante fueron distintivos de algunas especies; por ejemplo, la variante 2a1 es característica de Senecio jacalensis y está presente en ambas superficies foliares, el tricoma 3d se encuentra solamente en la vena media de la superficie abaxial de S. polypodioides y el tricoma 4a solamente se localiza en el margen foliar de S. roseus.Conclusiones: La combinación de caracteres, como los tipos de tricomas, su ornamentación y la presencia de cera, pueden ser útiles para diferenciar las especies de Senecio sección Mulgediifolii.
Hoffmannia uxpanapense (Rubiaceae), una nueva especie del sur de Veracruz y Oaxaca, México
Authors: Castillo-Campos Gonzalo , Bautista-Bello Alma Patricia
Published: April 2017

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La revisión de especímenes de herbario de Hoffmannia (Rubiaceae) y las intensivas exploraciones por los autores originaron el descubrimiento de nuevas especies de este género. Se describe e ilustra a Hoffmannia uxpanapense Cast.-Campos y Bautista-Bello como una nueva especie del sur de México, colectada en la selva alta perennifolia de Uxpanapa en Veracruz y Oaxaca.Métodos: Se revisaron los ejemplares del género Hoffmannia para el estado de Veracruz, se elaboró una matriz de datos morfológicos y se llevó a cabo un análisis de conglomerados para diferenciar a las especies y detectar sus similitudes.Resultados clave: Los ejemplares identificados como “H. wendtii” presentaron caracteres morfológicos diferentes a las especies ya descritas en este género. Dado que este nombre no ha sido publicado, se consideró como una especie nueva aún por describir formalmente. Este taxon muestra similitudes con H. cuneatissima, H. minuticarpa y H. arqueonervosa. Sin embargo, H. uxpanapense difiere por ser un arbusto trepador, con entrenudos del tallo más largos, inflorescencias más grandes y un mayor número de flores de color blanco por inflorescencia.Conclusiones: Hoffmannia uxpanapense se integra a un grupo de especies endémicas de México (H. cuneatissima, H. minuticarpa y H. arqueonervosa), y se considera a este nuevo taxon como endémico de la zona sur de Veracruz y Oaxaca.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE TABLETS OF ANTIULCER DRUG
Authors: Salunkhe Pranali Shivaji
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTGastroretentive floating drug delivery system is utilised to target drug release in the stomach or to the upper part of intestine. Lansoprazole is proton pump inhibitor intended for oral administration used as antiulcer agent. The present investigation involved formulation and evaluation of Gastroretentive floating tablets of Lansoprazole for prolongation of gastric residence time with a view to deliver the drug at sustained and controlled manner in gastrointestinal tract. The tablets of Lansoprazole were prepared by direct compression method using gas generating agent and different polymer combinations (HPMCK4M, HPMC K100M, Psyllium husk) . The prepared tablets of Lansoprazole were evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content uniformity, buoyancy lag time, total floating time, swelling index, in-vitro dissolution study. The varying concentration of gas generating agent and polymers were found to affect on in-vitro drug release, floating lag time and swelling index. In vitro drug release of floating Gastroretentive tablet of Lansoprazole shown that the formulation F2 was found to be the best formulation as it releases 97.9% Lansoprazole in a controlled manner for extended period of time (upto 12 hrs.)Keywords: Lansoprazole, Gastroretentive, floating tablet, total floating time.
IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CANNA INDICA EXTRACTS USING DIFFERENT SOLVENT SYSTEM
Authors: Singh Rajat , Singh Utkarsh , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar , Saini Chandra Kiran
Published: April 2017

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial and antidiabetic potential of canna indica plant extracts.Methods: In the present research work the selected plant i.e. Canna indica L. Cannaceae was collected, dried and extracted with different solvents. Different test were performed for the presence of different phytochemicals. The antimicrobial activity was determined by agar well-diffusion method. The extracts were evaluated for antidiabetic activity by using alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition method.Results and conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that C. indica extracts contain secondary metabolites which have potent antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities comparable to standard drugs. This information may help to develop potent bioactive compound(s) in the pharmaceutical industry for the development of drugs.
Prevalence of postnatal depression and associated risk factors among South Asian mothers living in a newly developing country
Authors: Mohamed Hashim
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionPostnatal Depression (PND) is a major health problem affecting mother, her child and family.  Its prevalence and associated risk factors among South Asian mothers (SAM) living  in Qatar remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of PND among (SEAM) in Qatar and to correlate risk factors contributing to the development of PND.Materials and methodsA total of (285 ) (SAM)females who were six months  postpartum were interviewed as  part of a prospective study conducted in primary health care centers in Qatar.  PND symptoms were defined as present when subjects had an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of 10 or higher. Descriptive statistics were used for summarizing the study and outcome variables. The χ2 test and ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for observation and quantifying the association between different variables. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent associated factors of PPD. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Variables included were age , occupation, education level ,previous psychiatric history ,comorbidities , ,history of depression during current  pregnancy, history of anxiety during current pregnancy, number of previous pregnancies, strong social support, husband support, marital problem before pregnancy and ongoing marital problems during current pregnancy.Results The prevalence of postnatal depression among 285 respondents was 33.2% .several psychosocial risk factors were significantly associated with postnatal depression and, after multiple regression analysis, a history of depressive illness ,anxiety ,marital problems before delivery ,a history of diabetes and asthma ,history of congenital malformations ,and lack of mother support.Other variables, including age, parity, education, occupation, and delivery type, were not significantly correlated (P=0.15–0.95), but marginally indicative of the risk of depressive symptoms.ConclusionThis study showed a high rate of depressive symptoms among(SAM) six months Postpartum . Future screening protocols  must be employed at primary care level and hospital based clinics in Qatar to detect and treat post natal depression.Keywords: postnatal  depression,  South Asians, primary health care ,Doha, EPDS
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI – A HIGHLY MEDICINAL PLANT IN INDIA
Authors: Kumar Dhanapaul Vinoth
Published: April 2017

The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Swietenia mahagoni leaf extract. The leaf extract was subjected to a variety of phytochemical analysis. The qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presence of common phytocompounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, flavanoids, terpenoids and volatile oils as major active constituents. The plant (Swietenia mahagoni) leaf has valuable medicinal uses, hence petroleum ether (18.2g) was found to be a good solvent for the phytochemical and antibacterial study. Similarly, the Methanolic leaf extract of Swietenia mahagoni has highest zone of inhibition on Bacillus subtilis.
SPHERICAL CRYSTALLIZATION A NOVEL APPROACH FOR SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF SIMVASTATIN
Authors: Mishra Rakesh Kumar
Published: April 2017

Simvastatin is commonly used antihyperlipidemic in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia. As evidenced form the scientific investigation, it is reported for its lower solubility and poor dissolution rate. The aim of the present investigation was to develop simvastatin spherical agglomerates to improve its solubility and dissolution characteristics by spherical agglomeration method. The crystallization media used was methanol, water and chloroform as bridging liquid and PVP K-30 as a polymer. The process variables such as amount and type of (bridging liquid and polymer), stirring speed and stirring time were optimized and reported. The spherical agglomerates were further subjected for determination of % drug content, particle size analysis, solubility and dissolution rate. The agglomerates were also characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) analysis and affirmed. Among the entire parameters spherical agglomerates obtained with methanol (7ml), water (50ml), chloroform (1.5ml) and PVP K-30 (0.5%) showed improvement in solubility and dissolution rate in comparison with pure drug. The spherical agglomerates showed significant improvement in dissolution from a value of 25.53% for pure simvastatin to 91.31% of spherical agglomerate. The spherical agglomerates of optimized batch were directly compressed and dissolution profile was compared with marketed tablet. Such a technique can successfully be employed to improve solubility and dissolution characteristic of poorly soluble drugs.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT OF GRAINS OF PASPALUM SCROBICULATUM
Authors: Sharma Swati
Published: April 2017

Paspalum scrobiculatum, commonly known as ‘Kodo’ is a millet variety found in India having medicinal and pharmaceutical importance. Crude extracts of chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol were evaluated for the presence of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the millet grains. Phytochemical screening was done for a qualitative basis of the study. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids in more polar solvent, methanol and ethanol. Carbohydrates and fats and oils were present in all four extracts.  The result of total phenolic content by Folin- ciocalteu method with gallic acid as standard at 765 nm ranged from 40.15 ± 0.17 to 175.94 ± 1.018 µg/100µg extract. Ethanol extract showed maximum phenolic content. The total flavonoid content at 510 nm using rutin as standard ranged from 4.88 ± 0.50 to 116.48 ± 1.57 µg/100µg extract. Highest flavonoid content was found in ethanol extract. Presence of good amount of phenolic and flavonoid content indicates presence of phytochemicals in kodo millet having good antioxidant potential.Keywords: Paspalum scrobiculatum, Phytochemical, TPC, TFC, Ethanol, etc.
INCIDENCE AND VIRULENCE TRAITS OF CANDIDA DUBLINIENSIS ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY SUSPECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Vinodhini Raja , Moorthy Kannaiyan , Suresh Mickymaray
Published: April 2017

Objective: Fungal infections are caused by Candida species are increasing mainly in immunocompromised patients. Among Candida species, Candida dubliniensis has recently increasing opportunistic pathogenic yeast. The present study was aimed to assess the incidence and virulence factors of C. dubliniensis isolated from urine samples of various hospitalized clinically suspected patients. Methods: Totally 1,406 urine samples were processed, among that 9(0.64%) were identified as C. dubliniensis by germ tube production, biochemical test (Candida identification kit), CHROM agar Candida differential medium and growth at 45°C. Virulence factors of the C. dubliniensis viz., phospholipase, proteinase, esterase, lipase, haemolysin and biofilm production were detected by standard procedures. Results: Maximum number of C.dubliniensis have ability to produce protienase 6(66.66%), followed by esterase 5(55.55%), biofilm formation 4(44.44%), haemolysin 2(22.22%) and phospholipase, lipase 1(11.1%) respectively. Conclusion: The result revealed that these enzymes are potential virulence factors are the most important thing to realize pathogenesis of C. dubliniensis.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF ROOT EXTRACTS OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L
Authors: Sakthi Archana
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:     Obesity is an international health problem caused by various environmental and genetic factors. Herbal supplements have proved to be active against obesity. Glycyrrhiza glabra belongs to the family of Fabaceae. Glycyrrhiza glabra was used traditionally to treat various diseases. Hence the current study was planned to investigate the phytochemicals and antioxidants present in Glycyrrhiza glabra. Materials and Methods: The preliminary qualitative, quantitative phytochemicals and antioxidants were investigated from the root extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Results: The preliminary qualitative analysis of various extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra showed the presence of Phenols, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins and Quinones. Quantitative analysis of Glycyrrhiza glabra showed elevated amounts of phenols, flavonoids and tannins in ethanolic extracts. The Aqueous, ethanol, hydro alcoholic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra showed 211±2.64, 281.66±1.57, 263±14.2 mg of phenols, 152.66±3.05, 187.33±1.52, 183.33±3.05 mg of flavonoids, 21.33±0.57, 41±3.46, 34.3±1.15 mg of Tannins, 42.33±2.05, 63.33±1.52, 36.33±1.57 mg of terpenoids. The antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra were evaluated with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Nitric Oxide radical (NO), Superoxide radical (SO), Hydrogen peroxide radical (H2O2), Hydroxyl radical (HO) Scavenging activity. The IC50 value of Glycyrrhiza glabra is 120 µg/ml for DPPH, 208 µg/ml for (NO), 196 µg/ml for (SO), 148 µg/ml for (H2O2), and 252 µg/ml for (OH). Invitro method suggests that Glycyrrhiza glabra is more powerful against nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals. Conclusion: This preliminary study shows that Glycyrrhiza glabra is a promising herb with many phytochemicals and antioxidants it can be further investigated for its antiobesity potential.Key words: Glycyrrhiza glabra L., phytochemicals, antioxidant and obesity.
COMPUTER PROGNOSIS OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY FOR A NUMBER OF NEW 7-R-8-SUBSTITUTED-1,3-DIMETHYL-XANTHINE
Authors: Korobko Dmytro , Logoyda Liliya , Markiv Ihor , Berdey Ihor
Published: April 2017

AbstractCreation of new potential active pharmaceutical ingredients of synthetic origin is an urgent problem of modern medical chemistry. With this purpose was obtained a number of original 7,8-disubstituted theophylline, and some molecular and pharmacological descriptors are calculated using public Web-resource Chemicalize.org. There was shown the influence of respective substituents in 7 and 8 positions of molecules of synthesized substances on druglike and was confirmed the prospects of chosen area of study. Keywords: virtual analysis, 7,8-disubstituted 1,3-dimethylxanthine, druglike, Ghosh, Maggie and Weber filters.
RESEARCH ON SELF MEDICATION: A HYPE OR A HOPE? A LITERATURE REVIEW.
Authors: Halappa Mythri
Published: April 2017

AbstractMedications are one of the most important tools in public health practice. Since the 1980s, self‑medication is of prime public health importance as World Health Organization, in order to reduce the burden on health care professionals changed some prescription drugs to be sold over the counter. Each drug has its own advantages & disadvantages. Hence, always they have to be taken with caution. Considering this a recent trend has increased in surveying the prevalence of self medication. Hence, this review critically evaluated the studies to put a light on basic concept of self medication.Key words: Self medication, Drug abuse, Self care, Substance abuse, Antibiotic usage.
Application of HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) for Analysis of Lard in the Meatball Product Combined with PCA (Principal Component Analysis)
Authors: Ahda Mustofa
Published: April 2017

Meatball is favorite food for Indonesian society. Nowadays, many issues about the food ingredient on meatball were mixed with Lard. Therefore, this study was focused on applications of HPLC UV for the lard detection in meatball. The results showed that the beef and pork meatball can be distinguished using HPLC which was combined Principal Component Analysis (PCA). However, the application of HPLC has a problem for lard detection in meatball because can’t to control the hydrolysis of triglyceride (TGA). Hydrolysis of triglycerides can also be detected using HPLC UV and giving the interference for halal authentication.
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY AND MILD HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW
Authors: Panda Bijoy Kumar , Umarje Siddhi Pramod , Bansode Madhu
Published: April 2017

A 38-year old male was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without a history of any significant clinical conditions. His subjective complaints and objective findings were clearly suggesting an acute ischemic attack along with vitamin B12 deficiency. While managing him for AMI, serology tests for vitamin B12 revealed low levels along with mild elevation of serum homocysteine level. He was managed with thrombolytic agent, β-adrenergic blocker, aspirin, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, statin, vitamin B complex and folic acid supplements. The clinical pharmacist intervened by suggesting discontinuation of Clopidogrel as two antiplatelet agents (Clopidogrel and Ticagrelor) were administered along with an anticoagulant, thereby increasing the risk of bleeding in the patient. Clopidogrel was stopped as Ticagrelor is a better antiplatelet agent when given in combination with low dose aspirin. Also, aspirin dose was reduced to enhance the efficacy of Ticagrelor and provide better secondary prevention for vascular diseases.
A FIBROUS CAVITY IN AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED LUNG: NOCARDIOSIS MASQUERADING AS TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Rao N Karthik , Patil Dr. Navin Ashok , Agarwal Neha , Hande Handattu Manjunatha , Joseph Amy , Varghese George , Rao Raghavendra
Published: April 2017

Nocardia species can cause fulminant necrotizing cavitatory pneumonia. Diagnosis involves identification of the organism, speciation and correlating with appropriate clinical and radiological findings. Speciation is often difficult due to the complexities involved in culturing the organism. Treatment involves administering antibiotics for a prolonged duration. The authors hereby report a case of pulmonary Nocardiosis in a patient who had pre-morbidities like cirrhosis of liver and membrano-proliferative glomerular nephritis on immune-suppression with high dose corticosteroids making him vulnerable to the organism.
HIV/AIDS STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC IN SELECTED RURAL COMMUNITY, KANCHEEPRAM DISTRICT, INDIA.
Authors: Malini Hema
Published: April 2017

Community-level stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV is found all over the world, with people forced to leave their home, change their daily activities such as shopping, socializing or schooling, face rejection and verbal and physical abuse. The objective of the study was to assess the HIV/AIDS stigma among the general public. Quantitative approach  and descriptive research design was adopted for the  present study. The study was conducted in Vallancherry a selected rural village of Kattankulathur . The sample size for the present study was 300. Three point rating scale  was used to assess the HIV/STIGMA and discrimination.The present study findings revealed that among 300 samples none of them reported severe stigma ,50 (16.7%)  participants reported moderate stigma and 250 (83.3%)  participants reported  low stigma. Stigma blocks access to HIV testing and treatment services, making onwards transmission more likely. The removal of barriers to these services is key to end the global HIV epidemic.Key Words : HIV, AIDS, Stigma, Discrimination, Rejection