bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender, Educational Qualification and Ethnicity Differences in Personal Financial Management Practices among Generation Y in Malaysia
Authors: Ansar Rudy , Ansar Rudy , Abd Karim Mohd Rahimie , Osman Zaiton , Fahmi Muhamad Shameer
Published: August 2019

This paper examines gender, educational qualification, and ethnicity differences in personal financial management practices among Generation Y in Malaysia. The issue of this study concerns the number of young generation identified as Generation Y, who has been declared bankruptcy keep on increasing year-to-year. Therefore, this study focuses on Generation Y, who was born from 1981 to 2001 and included respondents from all the states of Malaysia. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0 (SPSS 25.0) was used to analyse a total of 119 valid questionnaires collected using the Chi-Square test. The findings displayed that only ethnicity differences in personal financial management practices among Generation Y in Malaysia were found. The results of the study can be used as guidelines by the Malaysian government agencies and policymakers. They can also enhance their knowledge regarding financial needs and education to improve peoples’ personal financial management practices as well as being an alternative in finding the solution to control the bankruptcy problem among members of Generation Y in Malaysia.
A Retrospective Study of Intestinal Parasite among Patients in the Ho Teaching Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Appiah Maxwell Afranie , Adzaklo Ebenezer Enam , Agboli Eric
Published: August 2019

Aim: To assess the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among patients who visit the Ho Teaching Hospital for stool examination from 2012 to 2016.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Ho Teaching Hospital, August 2017 to January 2018.

Methodology: The hospital’s laboratory records were reviewed. Patients’ data were recorded using a well-designed data collection tool. Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0.

Results:  A total of 7045 patients visited the Ho Teaching Hospital laboratory for routine stool examination within the five-year period. From the 7045 patients, 703 of them were infected with at least one of the intestinal parasites. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infection for the five-year period was 10.0%. Intestinal flagellates (90.0%) were the most predominant intestinal parasites, and Entamoeba histolytica recorded 5.7%. Hookworm (0.9%) was the most prevailing soil-transmitted helminth. Ascaris lumbricoides (0.1%) and Schistosoma mansoni (0.1%) were the least recorded parasites. Highest infection was among patients within age group 20 to 29 years. However, age groups below 10 years recorded low infection. This study showed that age was a risk factor for acquiring intestinal parasite infection (P≤0.001).

Conclusion: Intestinal parasitic infections were recorded among patients who visited the Ho Teaching Hospital. However, most of the patients were infected with intestinal flagellates. Various stakeholders should provide advance techniques in laboratory investigation of stool samples to enhance accurate diagnosis. Sensitization of the public about the dangers of intestinal parasites should also be undertaken by the stakeholders.
Impact of Different Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Nosocomial Infection
Authors: Abdel-Raouf Mohamed , Aldeweik Hisham M. , Albannan Mohamed S. , Zaki Mohamed M. , Abdelkader Ahmed E. , Moemen Dalia
Published: August 2019

Aim: Nosocomial infection (NI), or so-called hospital-acquired infection, is one of the most important problems facing us and the world at this time. This study aims to investigate the effect of minimum inhibition concentration of Ag-NPs on isolated bacteria from nosocomial infections.

Place and Duration of Study: Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, between July 2017 and July 2018.

Methodology: A total of 368 different samples of 100 patients were taken which staying for 3 days or more in Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Egypt. Three different types of Ag-NPs ‎synthesized by three different chemical methods were used.

Results: The results showed that the highest rate of infection of NI was found in K. Pneumoniae with an estimated percentage of 40%. The size of spherical Citrated-Ag-NPs ‎‎ was found in the range of 15-57 nm. On the contrary, the size of spherical Polyvinyl-Pyrrolidone (PVP) and PVP Glucose Ag-NPs were found to be smaller with size ranging from 7.8-23 and 7.58-25 nm, respectively. 

Conclusion: Our findings showed that PVP Glucose Ag-NPs had the highest impact on all types of isolated bacteria associated with nosocomial infections.
Improved Model for Detecting Fake Profiles in Online Social Network: A Case Study of Twitter
Authors: K. Ojo Adebola
Published: August 2019

Online Social Network (OSN) is like a virtual community where people build social networks and relations with one another. The open access to the Internet has increased the growth of OSN which has attracted intruders to exploit the weaknesses of the Internet and OSN to their own gain. The rise in the usage of OSN has posed security threats to OSN users as they share personal and sensitive information online which could be exploited by these intruders by creating profiles to carry out a series of malicious activities on the social network. In fact, it is no gain saying that the intent of creating fake accounts has adverse effect and the Internet has made it quite easy to concede one’s identity; and this makes it difficult to detect fake accounts as they try to imitate real accounts. In this study, a model that can accurately identify fake profiles in OSN which uses Natural Language Processing Technique to eliminate or reduce the size of the dataset thereby improving the overall performance of the model was proposed.  Principal Component Analysis was used for appropriate feature selection. After extraction, six attributes/features that influenced the classifier were found. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes and Improved Support Vector Machine (ISVM) were used as Classifiers. ISVM introduced a penalty parameter to the standard SVM objective function to reduce the inequality constraints between the slack variables. This gave a better result of 90% than the SVM and Naïve Bayes which gave 77.4% and 77.3% respectively.
Antidiarrhoeal Effects of Hydromethanolic Leaves Extract of Ipomea asarifolia in Albino Rat Model
Authors: Ukwuani-Kwaja A. N. , Yakubu I. L. , Mustapha A. S. , Makun B.
Published: August 2019

Aim: To evaluate the antidiarrhoea effect of hydromethanolic leave extract of I. asarifolia (HLEIA) on castor oil-induced diarrhea.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi state, Nigeria. P.M.B.1144. Kebbi State. Nigeria, between February 2015 and September 2016.

Methodology: In a continuous effort to search for bioactive agents from medicinal plants, the antidiarrhoea activity of I. asarifolia was investigated. The effect of hydromethanolic leave extract of I. asarifolia (HLEIA) on castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastrointestinal transit and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) were assessed in albino rats. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard procedures while acute oral toxicity studies was determined using the staircase method.

Results: The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, terpenoid, tannin, saponin, phenols. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 3000 mg/kg since there was no mortality recorded after 14 days of acute oral toxicity studies. Sub-chronic administration of graded doses (150 – 600 mg/kg) of HLEIA significantly (p<0.05) reduced diarrhoea episodes, decreased gastro intestinal movement and inhibited intestinal fluid accumulation compared to the control. The antidiarrhoea effect of treated group (600 mg/kg ) was comparable to that of the standard drug Loperamide.

Conclusion: The findings of the present study scientifically validate the use of I. asarifolia in the treatment of diarrhoea.
Improving the efficacy of osteosarcoma therapy: combining drugs that turn cancer cell ‘don't eat me’ signals off and ‘eat me’ signals on
Authors: Mohanty Suchismita , Aghighi Maryam , Yerneni Ketan , Theruvath Johanna Lena , Daldrup‐Link Heike E.
Published: August 2019

The long‐term survival of osteosarcoma patients with metastatic or recurrent disease remains dismal, and new therapeutic options are urgently needed. The purpose of our study was to compare the efficacy of CD47 mAb plus doxorubicin combination therapy in mouse models of osteosarcoma with CD47 mAb and doxorubicin monotherapy. Forty‐eight NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice with intratibial MNNG/HOS tumors received CD47 mAb, doxorubicin, combination therapy, or control IgG treatment. Twenty‐four mice (n = 6 per group) underwent pre‐ and post‐treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with the macrophage marker ferumoxytol, bioluminescence imaging, and histological analysis. Tumor ferumoxytol enhancement, tumor flux, and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) density were compared between different groups using a one‐way ANOVA. Twenty‐four additional NSG mice underwent survival analyses with Kaplan–Meier curves and a log‐rank (Mantel–Cox) test. Intratibial osteosarcomas demonstrated significantly stronger ferumoxytol enhancement and significantly increased TAM quantities after CD47 mAb plus doxorubicin combination therapy compared to CD47 mAb (P = 0.02) and doxorubicin monotherapy (P = 0.001). Tumor‐bearing mice treated with CD47 mAb plus doxorubicin combination therapy demonstrated significantly reduced tumor size and prolonged survival compared to control groups that received CD47 mAb (P = 0.03), doxorubicin monotherapy (P = 0.01), and control IgG (P = 0.001). In conclusion, CD47 mAb plus doxorubicin therapy demonstrates an additive therapeutic effect in mouse models of osteosarcomas, which can be monitored with an immediately clinically applicable MRI technique.
A novel assay for measuring recombinant human lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 activity
Authors: Du Xinming , Hu Jiachun , Zhang Qing , Liu Qi , Xiang Xinxin , Dong Jibin , Lou Bin , He Shuhua , Gu Xiang , Cao Yu , Li Yingxia , Ding Tingbo
Published: August 2019

Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) is an important enzyme in phospholipid remodeling, a process that influences the biophysical properties of cell membranes and thus cell function. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that LPCAT3 is involved in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, and carcinoma. Thus, LPCAT3 may have potential as a therapeutic target for these diseases. In the present study, we devised an assay based on reversed‐phase HPLC to measure LPCAT3 activity, which may facilitate the identification of LPCAT3 inhibitors and activators. We found that optimal pH and temperature of recombinant human LPCAT3 are 6.0 and 30 °C, respectively. The enzyme Km values for substrates NBD‐labelled lysophosphatidylcholine and arachidonoyl CoA were 266.84 ± 3.65 and 11.03 ± 0.51 μmol·L−1, respectively, and the Vmax was 39.76 ± 1.86 pmol·min−1·U−1. Moreover, we used our new method to determine the IC50 of a known LPCAT inhibitor, TSI‐10. In conclusion, this novel assay can be used to measure the effects of compounds on LPCAT3 activity.
Variation in target volume and centroid position due to breath holding during four‐dimensional computed tomography scanning: A phantom study
Authors: Miyamae Yuta , Akimoto Mami , Sasaki Makoto , Fujimoto Takahiro , Yano Shinsuke , Nakamura Mitsuhiro
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the effects of respiratory motion, including unwanted breath holding, on the target volume and centroid position on four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) imaging. Cine 4DCT images were reconstructed based on a time‐based sorting algorithm, and helical 4DCT images were reconstructed based on both the time‐based sorting algorithm and an amplitude‐based sorting algorithm. A spherical object 20 mm in diameter was moved according to several simulated respiratory motions, with a motion period of 4.0 s and maximum amplitude of 5 mm. The object was extracted automatically, and the target volume and centroid position in the craniocaudal direction were measured using a treatment planning system. When the respiratory motion included unwanted breath‐holding times shorter than the breathing cycle, the root mean square errors (RSME) between the reference and imaged target volumes were 18.8%, 14.0%, and 5.5% in time‐based images in cine mode, time‐based images in helical mode, and amplitude‐based images in helical mode, respectively. In helical mode, the RSME between the reference and imaged centroid position was reduced from 1.42 to 0.50 mm by changing the reconstruction method from time‐ to amplitude‐based sorting. When the respiratory motion included unwanted breath‐holding times equal to the breathing cycle, the RSME between the reference and imaged target volumes were 19.1%, 24.3%, and 15.6% in time‐based images in cine mode, time‐based images in helical mode, and amplitude‐based images in helical mode, respectively. In helical mode, the RSME between the reference and imaged centroid position was reduced from 1.61 to 0.83 mm by changing the reconstruction method from time‐ to amplitude‐based sorting. With respiratory motion including breath holding of shorter duration than the breathing cycle, the accuracies of the target volume and centroid position were improved by amplitude‐based sorting, particularly in helical 4DCT.
Risk of Serious Infection in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Biologic Versus Nonbiologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Ozen Gulsen , Pedro Sofia , England Bryant R. , Mehta Bella , Wolfe Frederick , Michaud Kaleb
Published: August 2019

Objective

The objective of this study is to examine the risk of serious infections (SIs) associated with biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) compared with conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We studied patients with RA who initiated bDMARDs or csDMARDs from 2001 to 2016 in FORWARD–The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases. Disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were categorized into three groups: (1) csDMARDs (bDMARD‐naïve; reference), (2) tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors (TNFis), and (3) non‐TNFi biologics (abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab, and anakinra). SIs were defined as those requiring intravenous antibiotics or hospitalization or those resulting in death. We calculated the propensity score (PS), which reflected the probability of receiving a specific DMARD group, and estimated the hazard ratio (HR) (with the 95% confidence interval [CI]) for SI from multivariable Cox models, adjusting for PS and time‐varying confounders.

Results

A total of 694 (5.9%) first SIs were identified in 11 623 patients with RA during 27 552 patient‐years of follow‐up. The SI incidence rate per 1000 patient‐years was 22.4 (95% CI 19.2‐26.1) for csDMARDs, 26.9 (95% CI 24.5‐29.6) for TNFis, and 23.3 (95% CI 19.0‐28.5) for non‐TNFi bDMARDs. Adjusted HRs for SIs were 1.33 (95% CI 1.05‐1.68) for TNFis and 1.48 (95% CI 1.02‐2.16) for non‐TNFi bDMARDs, compared with csDMARDs. The SI risk with non‐TNFi bDMARDs versus TNFis was not different. Other risk factors for SI were older age, higher comorbidity burden (particularly pulmonary disease), higher weighted cumulative prednisone dose, disability and disease activity, and number of prior csDMARD failures.

Conclusion

TNFis and non‐TNFi bDMARDs were associated with an increased SI risk compared with csDMARDs in RA, even after accounting for risk‐associated patient characteristics.
Site‐Selective Nitrene Transfer to Conjugated Olefins Directed by Oxazoline Peptide Ligands
Authors: Storch Golo , van den Heuvel Naudin , Miller Scott J.
Published: August 2019

Site‐selective nitrene transfer to di‐ and polyene substrates has been achieved using designed peptide‐embedded bioxazoline ligands capable of binding copper. In model 1,3‐diene substrates, the olefinic position proximal to a directing group was selectively functionalized. Additional studies indicate that this selectivity stems from non‐covalent substrate‐catalyst interactions. The peptide‐mediated nitrene transfer was also applied to polyene natural product retinol and selective proximal functionalization allowed access to a cis‐pyrroline modified retinoid.

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Flexible Fabrication of Flexible Electronics: A General Laser Ablation Strategy for Robust Large‐Area Copper‐Based Electronics
Authors: Qin Ruzhan , Hu Mingjun , Zhang Naibai , Guo Zhongyue , Yan Ze , Li Jiebo , Liu Jinzhang , Shan Guangcun , Yang Jun
Published: August 2019

Attributed to high power density and controllable digital program operation, lasers are a powerful tool in the preparation, prototype fabrication, and post‐processing of materials. In this paper, a general laser ablation strategy that can be conducted under ambient, room‐temperature, and mask‐free conditions is employed for the rapid fabrication of robust large‐area copper‐based flexible electronics. Micrometer‐scale thick copper layer cladded on flexible polymer substrate can be removed efficiently in one laser scanning pass based on laser‐induced heat evaporation effect. Metal grids with a width less than 10 microns and a thickness close to 2 microns can be produced in a reliable manner. As proof‐of‐concept demonstrations, flexible transparent conducting electrodes and a variety of flexible circuit boards (FCBs) with different precisions and dimensions are fabricated by this approach in a digitally controlled mode and their photoelectric properties under normal and deformation states are investigated. The results indicate that the method is robust and as‐prepared flexible electrodes and circuits are reliable and endurable, indicative of the potential of this method in scalable fabrication of sub‐millimeter flexible electronics through a straightforward and flexible fashion.
Reduction of skin innervation is associated with a severe fibromyalgia phenotype
Authors: Evdokimov Dimitar , Frank Johanna , Klitsch Alexander , Unterecker Stefan , Warrings Bodo , Serra Jordi , Papagianni Aikaterini , Saffer Nadine , Meyer zu Altenschildesche Caren , Kampik Daniel , Malik Rayaz A. , Sommer Claudia , Üçeyler Nurcan
Published: August 2019

Objective

To assess patterns and impact of small nerve fiber dysfunction and pathology in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).

Methods

One hundred seventeen women with FMS underwent neurological examination, questionnaire assessment, neurophysiology assessment, and small fiber tests: skin punch biopsy, corneal confocal microscopy, microneurography, quantitative sensory testing including C‐tactile afferents, and pain‐related evoked potentials. Data were compared with those of women with major depressive disorder and chronic widespread pain (MD‐P) and healthy women.

Results

Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) was reduced at different biopsy sites in 63% of FMS patients (MD‐P: 10%, controls: 18%; p < 0.001 for each). We found 4 patterns of skin innervation in FMS: normal, distally reduced, proximally reduced, and both distally and proximally reduced (p < 0.01 for each compared to controls). Microneurography revealed initial activity‐dependent acceleration of conduction velocity upon low frequencies of stimulation in 1A fibers, besides 1B fiber spontaneous activity and mechanical sensitization in FMS patients. FMS patients had elevated warm detection thresholds (p < 0.01), impaired C‐tactile afferents (p < 0.05), and reduced amplitudes (p < 0.001) of pain‐related evoked potentials compared to controls. Compared to FMS patients with normal skin innervation, those with generalized IENFD reduction had higher pain intensity and impairment due to pain, higher disease burden, more stabbing pain and paresthesias, and more anxiety (p < 0.05 for each). FMS patients with generalized IENFD reduction also had lower corneal nerve fiber density (p < 0.01) and length (p < 0.05).

Interpretation

The extent of small fiber pathology is related to symptom severity in FMS. This knowledge may have implications for the diagnostic classification and treatment of patients with FMS. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:504–516
Probabilistic sweet spots predict motor outcome for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease
Authors: Dembek Till A. , Roediger Jan , Horn Andreas , Reker Paul , Oehrn Carina , Dafsari Haidar S. , Li Ningfei , Kühn Andrea A. , Fink Gereon R. , Visser‐Vandewalle Veerle , Barbe Michael T. , Timmermann Lars
Published: August 2019

Objective

To investigate whether functional sweet spots of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) can predict motor improvement in Parkinson disease (PD) patients.

Methods

Stimulation effects of 449 DBS settings in 21 PD patients were clinically and quantitatively assessed through standardized monopolar reviews and mapped into standard space. A sweet spot for best motor outcome was determined using voxelwise and nonparametric permutation statistics. Two independent cohorts were used to investigate whether stimulation overlap with the sweet spot could predict acute motor outcome (10 patients, 163 settings) and long‐term overall Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS‐III) improvement (63 patients).

Results

Significant clusters for suppression of rigidity and akinesia, as well as for overall motor improvement, resided around the dorsolateral border of the STN. Overlap of the volume of tissue activated with the sweet spot for overall motor improvement explained R2 = 37% of the variance in acute motor improvement, more than triple what was explained by overlap with the STN (R2 = 9%) and its sensorimotor subpart (R2 = 10%). In the second independent cohort, sweet spot overlap explained R2 = 20% of the variance in long‐term UPDRS‐III improvement, which was equivalent to the variance explained by overlap with the STN (R2 = 21%) and sensorimotor STN (R2 = 19%).

Interpretation

This study is the first to predict clinical improvement of parkinsonian motor symptoms across cohorts based on local DBS effects only. The new approach revealed a distinct sweet spot for STN DBS in PD. Stimulation overlap with the sweet spot can predict short‐ and long‐term motor outcome and may be used to guide DBS programming. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:527–538
Carboxyboronate: A Versatile C1 Building Block
Authors: Holownia Aleksandra , Tien Chieh‐Hung , Diaz Diego B. , Larson Reed T. , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: August 2019

The synthesis and applications of carboxy‐MIDA‐boronate, a novel C1 building block, are described. This molecule is accessible via a ruthenium tetraoxide‐mediated cleavage of commercially available ethynyl‐MIDA‐boronate. In the course of this study, carboxy‐MIDA‐boronate was found to possess ambident reactivity towards nucleophiles. Carboxylic acid derivatization produces a broad range of previously unknown carbamoyl‐, oxycarbo‐ and thiocarboboronates. Carboxy‐MIDA‐boronate and its derivatives undergo condensations to access borylated heterocycles with boron at positions that are difficult to access using alternate methods. The resulting heterocycles participate in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction, enabling entry into diverse bis(heteroaryl) motifs. The carbon monoxide‐releasing capacity of carboxy‐MIDA‐boronate was also examined and applied in palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation.
V‐N‐C catalysts anchored to mesoporous Al‐SBA‐15 with tailorable pore sizes for the synthesis of spirooxindole dihydroquinazolinones derivatives
Authors: Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Teymuri Raheleh
Published: August 2019

Heterogeneous nanoscale catalyst was successfully synthesized via anchoring of V‐bis(2‐aminobenzamide) complex on the Al‐SBA‐15. This modified mesoporous was identified by several characterization techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform‐infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and transmission electron microscopy. V‐Bis(2‐aminobenzamide)@Al‐SBA‐15 was found to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the rapid and desirable synthesis of various spirooxindole dihydroquinazolinones derivatives. In addition, the heterogeneous nanocatalyst was chemically stabilized in organic and aqueous solutions as well as can be expeditiously reused for at least seven cycles without a significant loss in catalytic activity.
On the possibilities of classical nova identifications among historical Far Eastern guest star observations
Authors: Vogt Nikolaus , Hoffmann Susanne M. , Tappert Claus
Published: August 2019

More than 100 guest star observations have been obtained by Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese astronomers between ∼600 BCE and ∼1690 CE. Comparing the coordinates from the information given in old texts for eight supernova recoveries with modern supernova remnant positions, we estimate the typical positional accuracy of the order of 0.3–7° for these supernovae. These values could also be a start for the expected deviation angle between a classical nova observed as a guest star and its modern counterpart among known cataclysmic variables (CVs). However, there are considerable disagreements among modern authors regarding the interpretation of ancient Far Eastern texts, emphasizing the need to consult the original historic sources again in order to improve the positioning reliability. We also discuss the typical amplitudes of well‐observed classical novae and find that modern counterparts of nova guest stars should be V = 18 mag and thus easily observable. In this context, we also consider the “hibernation scenario” and conclude that it is impossible to decide from currently available observations whether hibernation is common. In addition to the limiting magnitude of around 2 mag for ancient guest star detections mentioned in the literature, we consider the possibility that fainter guest stars (4–5 mag) could also have been detected by ancient observers and provide arguments in favor of this possibility. For these limits, we compare the expected nova detection rate of ancient naked‐eye observers with that during modern times and conclude that they coincide in order of magnitude, which implies that, indeed, a considerable number of classical nova remnants should be hidden among the Far Eastern guest star reports. Finally, we present a statistical analysis of the probability of casual misidentifications based on frequency and Galactic distribution of CVs in the AAVSO‐Variable Star indeX catalog.
Direct Metal‐Free Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene Films on Insulating Substrates for Micro‐Supercapacitors with High Volumetric Capacitance
Authors: Wuttke Michael , Liu Zhaoyang , Lu Hao , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus
Published: August 2019

Direct, metal‐free synthesis of graphene films on insulating substrates in a controlled manner is of great importance for applications in (opto)electronic and energy storage devices. Graphene films are fabricated on fused silica substrates without metal catalyst via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), using propionic acid as a carbon source. Film‐thickness is readily adjustable between 5 and 45 nm by changing the deposition time and flow rate of the precursor, displaying sheet resistance in the range of 0.27–1.86 kΩ□−1. The resulting graphene films are directly integrated into micro‐supercapacitors without film transfer or liquid‐phase processing, and demonstrate ultrahigh operation rates up to 1000 V s−1. Moreover, these films exhibit excellent rate capabilities, achieving a high volumetric capacitance of 131 F cm−3 at 10 mV s−1.
Making ‘us’ visible: Using membership categorisation analysis to explore young people's accomplishment of collective identity‐in‐interaction in relation to digital technology
Authors: McLay Katherine Frances , Renshaw Peter David
Published: August 2019

This article examines young people's sense of self and collective identity in relation to their use of specific digital tools available at their school. We use membership categorisation analysis (MCA) to explore how a group of young people produce a collective identity‐in‐interaction as captured in concrete relational speech acts. Fine‐grained MCA analysis of group interview talk reveals participant students operating as a collectivity to accomplish a sense of shared identity in relation to the iPad. This focus on the ways in which young people's identities are intertwined with digital technology distinguishes this article from the technicist and operational perspectives that dominate the field of educational technology research and demonstrates MCA's potential for illuminating the relationship that young people have with technology. The article contributes to a growing body of research that engages with more nuanced ways of understanding contemporary, technology‐mediated learning as a process of producing not only knowledge and skills, but also selfhood—both private and shared.
Targeted analysis reveals alteration in pathway in 5p minus individuals
Authors: Furtado Danielle Zildeana Sousa , Leite Fernando Brunale Vilela de Moura , Jedlicka Leticia Dias Lima , Souza Danilo Santos , Barreto Cleber Nunes , da Silva Heron Dominguez Torres , Assunção Nilson Antonio
Published: August 2019

Cri du Chat or 5p minus (5p−) syndrome is characterized by a deletion located on the chromosome 5 short (−p) arm and has an incidence rate of 1 in 50,000 individuals worldwide. This disease manifests in disturbances across a range of systems biochemicals. Therefore, a targeted metabolomics analysis was evaluated in patients with 5p− syndrome to help unravel the biochemical changes that occur in this disease. Urine samples were collected from people of both sexes aged 1–38 years old and analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Student' statistical test, metabolomic pathway analysis and metabolite set enrichment analysis were applied to the data. Alterations of some amino acids and amine biogenics levels were found in Cri du Chat Syndrome individuals. The alteration of most of these metabolites is associated with energy recuperation and glycolysis. In general, we found the catabolism of some metabolic pathways to be affected in 5p− patients.
UPLC–MS/MS study of the effect of dandelion root extract on the plasma levels of the selected irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors dasatinib, imatinib and nilotinib in rats: Potential risk of pharmacokinetic interactions
Authors: Alzoman Nourah Z. , Maher Hadir M. , Shehata Shereen M. , Abanmy Norah O.
Published: August 2019

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatments for chronic myeloid leukaemia based on nilotinib (NIL), dasatinib (DAS) and imatinib (IMA) have improved patient quality of life and have turned chronic myeloid leukemia from a fatal disease into a chronic disease. Dandelion is a rich source of phenolic compounds with strong biological properties, and the effects of using this plant in the treatment of different illnesses can be linked to the presence of various polyphenols found in the different parts of the plant. Thus, dandelion can potentially be used as a nutraceutical (dietary antioxidant) to prevent different disorders associated with oxidative stress, i.e. cardiovascular disorders, cancer and inflammatory processes. Mutual interference between a drug and a food constituent may result in altered pharmacokinetics of the drug and undesired or even dangerous clinical situations. In the present study, a bioanalytical ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of DAS, IMA and NIL in rat plasma. Sample preparation was carried out using solid‐phase extraction with C18 cartridges with a good extraction recovery of ≥94.37% for the three drugs. The method was fully validated as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines.
Blood pressure and body fat percent in women with NMOSD
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Fan Rong , Peng Fuhua , Liu Jia , Huang Jing , Chen Zhigang , Chen Yong , Jiang Ying
Published: August 2019

Background

Hypertension is a prevalent and impactful comorbid condition among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). High level of body mass index (BMI) is associated with the risk and poor outcomes of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in women. However, the clinical implication of blood pressure (BP) and body fat percent (BF%) based on the Clínica Universidad de Navarra‐Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN‐BAE) in NMOSD has not been investigated thus far.

Methods

Case data were collected from 47 NMOSD and 28 MS patients at acute phase, 21 NMOSD and 25 MS patients at stable phase, and 68 age‐ and sex‐matched HCs. Four BP measures including systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP); BMI; and BF% between NMOSD, MS, and healthy controls were determined.

Results

Comparing NMOSD patients with MS patients, the former have significantly higher SBP (p < 0.001), DBP (p < 0.001), PP (p < 0.001), MAP (p < 0.001), BF% (p = 0.001), and BMI (p < 0.001) levels at acute phase after adjusting for age. Acute myelitis (OR 3.719, 95% CI 1.110–12.453) is more likely to occur in NMOSD patients with high BF% (≥30%) at acute phase. BF% was negatively correlated with 1/AQP4 titer in NMOSD at acute phase (r = −0.522, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Women with NMOSD are probably more prone to have an increased BP and fat mass compared to MS.
Mothers' and fathers' joint profiles for testosterone and oxytocin in a small‐scale fishing‐farming community: Variation based on marital conflict and paternal contributions
Authors: Gettler Lee T. , Sarma Mallika S. , Lew‐Levy Sheina , Bond Angela , Trumble Benjamin C. , Boyette Adam H.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Testosterone and oxytocin are psychobiological mechanisms that interrelate with relationship quality between parents and the quantity and quality of parenting behaviors, thereby affecting child outcomes. Their joint production based on family dynamics has rarely been tested, particularly cross‐culturally.

Methods

We explored family function and salivary testosterone and oxytocin in mothers and fathers in a small‐scale, fishing‐farming society in Republic of the Congo. Fathers ranked one another in three domains of family life pertaining to the local cultural model of fatherhood.

Results

Fathers who were viewed as better providers had relatively lower oxytocin and higher testosterone than men seen as poorer providers, who had lower testosterone and higher oxytocin. Fathers also had higher testosterone and lower oxytocin in marriages with more conflict, while those who had less marital conflict had reduced testosterone and higher oxytocin. In contrast, mothers in conflicted marriages showed the opposite profiles of relatively lower testosterone and higher oxytocin. Mothers had higher oxytocin and lower testosterone if fathers were uninvolved as direct caregivers, while mothers showed an opposing pattern for the two hormones if fathers were seen as involved with direct care.

Conclusions

These results shed new light on parents' dual oxytocin and testosterone profiles in a small‐scale society setting and highlight the flexibility of human parental psychobiology when fathers' roles and functions within families differ across cultures.
Spinal dural sac termination and internal filum terminale fusion
Authors: Pokanan Siriwut , Borsu Hasuenah , Hansasuta Ake
Published: August 2019

Surgery for tethered spinal cord caused by thickened filum terminale (FT) is frequently performed through S1 laminectomy based on the assumption that the internal FT (FTi) fuses with dura mater at S2 vertebral level. Literature on specific study for the site of its fusion and dural sac (DS) termination was rather limited. Moreover, there is no large anatomical study in Asian population. To determine the anatomy, examination of the FTi fusion site, as well as the region at which DS ended, was undertaken. From 80 embalmed cadavers, the majority of FTi fusion occurred at, or below, S1/S2 disk space (62.5%) which was less frequent than previous reports (70%–90%). In addition, there was 11.3% of the fila that fused above S1. Regarding the DS termination, it was found at, or below, S1/S2 disk space in 76.3% with one subject (1.3%) at L5/S1 disk space. With modest differences compared with non‐Asian cadaveric data, our results offer pertinent information to surgeons performing tethered cord release. One ought to keep in mind that small, but not negligible, percentage of FTi can fuse with dura mater above S1 level; hence, more rostral laminectomy at L5 may be required. Clin. Anat. 33:558–561, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The incidence of infusion reactions associated with monoclonal antibody drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis of patient and study characteristics
Authors: Bylsma Lauren C. , Dean Rebecca , Lowe Kimberly , Sangaré Laura , Alexander Dominik D. , Fryzek Jon P.
Published: August 2019

Background

Systemic cancer therapies may induce infusion reactions (IRs) or hypersensitivities. Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with anti‐EGFR therapies, including cetuximab and panitumumab, may be subject to these reactions. We conducted a meta‐analysis to estimate the IR incidence in this population and identify variations in this incidence by patient or study characteristics.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted to identify observational studies or clinical trials of mCRC patients treated with anti‐EGFR therapies that reported occurrences of IRs, hypersensitivity, or allergy/anaphylaxis. The objective of the study was to estimate the incidence of IRs. Random effects models were used to meta‐analyze the incidence of IRs overall and stratified by therapy type, study design, geographic location, RAS or KRAS mutation status, grade of reaction severity, and terminology used to describe the reaction.

Results

The pooled estimate for IR incidence was 4.9% (95% confidence interval: 3.6%‐6.5%). Lower‐grade reactions were more common than higher‐grade reactions overall and the incidence of reactions among cetuximab patients was nearly four times that of panitumumab patients (6.1% vs 1.6%).

Conclusions

IRs occur in approximately 5% of mCRC patients treated with anti‐EGFR therapies, and the incidence varies significantly by grade of severity and therapy type. Studies evaluating these outcomes should consider investigating survival outcomes by IR status to determine its prognostic relevance.
The diagnostic value of serum gastrokine 1 (GKN1) protein in gastric cancer
Authors: Yoon Jung Hwan , Park Yong Gyu , Nam Suk Woo , Park Won Sang
Published: August 2019

Early detection of cancer provides effective treatment and saves lives. The objective of this study was to determine whether serum gastrokine 1 (GKN1) protein is a gastric cancer‐specific diagnostic biomarker. The serum concentration of GKN1 in healthy individuals (median: 6.34 ng/μL, interquartile range (IQR): 5.66‐7.54 ng/μL) was significantly higher compared with the levels in gastric cancer patients (median: 3.48 ng/μL, IQR: 2.90‐4.11 ng/μL; P < .0001). At the optimum cutoff (4.94 ng/μL) of serum GKN1 protein, the sensitivity and specificity were 91.2% and 96.0%, respectively, for gastric cancer. Using serum GKN1 protein as the diagnostic reference, the ROC curve showed a satisfactory diagnostic efficacy with an AUC value of 0.9954 (95% CI 0.9919‐0.9988) and Youden index of 0.8740. In addition, the diagnostic accuracy of the serum GKN1 protein at the optimum cutoff was 0.9675. Interestingly, serum GKN1 concentrations in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC; median: 3.11 ng/μL, IQR: 2.72‐3.72 ng/μL) were lower than in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC; median: 4.31 ng/μL, IQR: 3.88‐4.88 ng/μL). The diagnostic accuracies at the optimum serum GKN1 cutoff were 0.8912 and 0.9589 for EGC and AGC, respectively. Furthermore, the serum GKN1 concentrations robustly discriminated the patients with gastric cancer from the patients with colorectal, liver, lung, breast, pancreatic, ovary, and prostatic cancers with AUC values greater than 0.94. These data suggest that serum GKN1 is a promising and highly specific diagnostic biomarker for the prompt detection of early and advanced gastric cancers.
Burkitt‐like lymphoma with 11q aberration
Authors: Collins Katrina , Mnayer Laila , Shen Peter
Published: August 2019

Burkitt‐like lymphoma with 11q aberration is a recently recognized diagnostic entity in the Revised 4th Edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms. This diagnosis should be considered and cytogenetic array performed in patients with high‐grade B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas without MYC rearrangement.
Laparoscopic subtotal colectomy for synchronous colon high‐grade dysplasia adenomas in intestinal malrotation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Gerosa Martino , Costanzi Andrea Tullio Mario , Brenna Francesco , Felisaz Paolo Florent , Mari Giulio Maria , Cioffi Ugo , Maggioni Dario
Published: August 2019

Intestinal malrotation is an embryologic anomaly rarely presenting in adults especially in association with colon cancer. Fully laparoscopic colonic resection has not yet described in literature for adenomas in malrotation. Preoperative assessment of vascular anatomy by computed tomography is considered mandatory to perform safely laparoscopic surgery.
100 % Digital in der Prozessindustrie
Authors: Wilk Michael , Kockmann Norbert , Woppowa Ljuba
Published: August 2019

Digitalisierung und Industrie 4.0 verändern komplette Geschäftsmodelle, heben neue Effizienzpotenziale und stärken die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Auf dem 57. Tutzing‐Symposion vom 15.–18.04.2018 wurde mit Vorträgen und Kreativworkshops erkundet, welche speziellen Anforderungen die Prozessindustrie hat, welche digitalen Innovationen bereits umgesetzt wurden und wo noch Handlungsbedarf besteht. Ein Workshop befasste sich mit der Bedeutung der Digitalisierung für Bildung und Lehre.
Was Menschen bewegt, die etwas bewegen
Authors: Schilde Carsten
Published: August 2019

Preisträger des Friedrich‐Löffler‐Preises 2019 der VDI‐Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen (VDI‐GVC)
Gut vorbereitet auf die Krise
Authors: Rübberdt Katrin
Published: August 2019

Montagmorgen halb zehn in Deutschland… während Sie gerade in einer Besprechung sitzen und die Optimierungspotenziale einer Produktionsanlage diskutieren, verliert im Hof ein Tankwagen‐Fahrer bei der Anlieferung die Kontrolle über sein Fahrzeug. Er rammt einen Gapelstapler, der gerade Lösungsmittelfässer transportiert. Die Fässer werden beschädigt, Lösungsmittel läuft aus. Aus dem beschädigten Tankwagen treten ebenfalls Chemikalien aus – ein lauter Knall treibt Sie und Ihre Kollegen aus dem Besprechungsraum.
Ein optimales Umfeld für Innovationen
Authors: Deutschland Sauter
Published: August 2019

Um ein optimales Umfeld für seine Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter zu schaffen, hat Merck das Freiburger Unternehmen Sauter damit beauftragt, seine neues Innovationszentrum in Darmstadt mit moderner Gebäudeautomation auszustatten.
Neues Stoffdatenhandling
Authors: Juschka Katja
Published: August 2019

Mit der neuen Version 3.10 der hauseigenen Software DSHplus führt Fluidon ein neues Stoffdatenhandling ein. Gegenüber der bisherigen Lösung erlaubt der neue Ansatz dem Anwender, eigene Stoffdatenbeschreibungen zu hinterlegen. Außerdem wurden der Bunsenkoeffizient (Maß für das Gaslösevermögen einer Flüssigkeit) und die Dampfdruckkurve als neue Stoffeigenschaften hinzugefügt. Mit Kenntnis des Dampfdrucks und des Bunsenkoeffizienten können das druckabhängige Wachstum und der Transport von Dampf‐ und/oder Gasblasen in flüssigkeitsgefüllten Leitungssystemen abgebildet werden.
Towards Mechanistic Understanding of Liquid‐Phase Cinnamyl Alcohol Oxidation with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide over Noble‐Metal‐Free LaCo1–xFexO3 Perovskites
Authors: Waffel Daniel , Alkan Baris , Fu Qi , Chen Yen‐Ting , Schmidt Stefan , Schulz Christof , Wiggers Hartmut , Muhler Martin , Peng Baoxiang
Published: August 2019

Noble‐metal‐free perovskite oxides are promising and well‐known catalysts for high‐temperature gas‐phase oxidation reactions, but their application in selective oxidation reactions in the liquid phase has rarely been studied. We report the liquid‐phase oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol over spray‐flame synthesized LaCo1–xFexO3 perovskite nanoparticles with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidizing agent under mild reaction conditions. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, EDS and elemental analysis. LaCo0.8Fe0.2O3 showed the best catalytic properties indicating a synergistic effect between cobalt and iron. The catalysts were found to be stable against metal leaching as proven by hot filtration, and the observed slight deactivation is presumably due to segregation as determined by EDS. Kinetic studies revealed an apparent activation energy of 63.6 kJ mol−1. Combining kinetic findings with TBHP decomposition as well as control experiments revealed a complex reaction network.
Genomic Ancestry,CYP2D6,CYP2C9, andCYP2C19Among Latin Americans
Authors: Rodrigues‐Soares Fernanda , Peñas‐Lledó Eva M. , Tarazona‐Santos Eduardo , Sosa‐Macías Martha , Terán Enrique , López‐López Marisol , Rodeiro Idania , Moya Graciela E. , Calzadilla Luis R. , Ramírez‐Roa Ronald , Grazina Manuela , Estévez‐Carrizo Francisco E. , Barrantes Ramiro , LLerena Adrián ,   RIBEF Ibero‐American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
Published: August 2019

We present the distribution ofCYP2D6,CYP2C9, andCYP2C19variants and predicted phenotypes in 33 native and admixed populations from Ibero‐America (n > 6,000) in the context of genetic ancestry (n = 3,387). Continental ancestries are the major determinants of frequencies of the increased‐activity alleleCYP2C19*17andCYP2C19gUMs (negatively associated with Native American ancestry), decreased‐activity allelesCYP2D6*41andCYP2C9*2(positively associated with European ancestry), and decreased‐activity allelesCYP2D6*17andCYP2D6*29(positively associated with African ancestry). For the rare alleles,CYP2C9*2andCYPC19*17, European admixture accounts for their presence in Native American populations, but rare allelesCYP2D6*5(null‐activity),CYP2D6‐multiplication alleles (increased activity), andCYP2C9*3(decreased‐activity) were present in the pre‐Columbian Americas. The study of a broad spectrum of Native American populations from different ethno‐linguistic groups show how autochthonous diversity shaped the distribution of pharmaco‐alleles and give insights on the prevalence of clinically relevant phenotypes associated with drugs, such as paroxetine, tamoxifen, warfarin, and clopidogrel.
Real‐World Rivaroxaban and Apixaban Levels in Asian Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lin Shin‐Yi , Kuo Ching‐Hua , Yeh Shin‐Joe , Tsai Li‐Kai , Liu Yen‐Bin , Huang Chih‐Fen , Tang Sung‐Chun , Jeng Jiann‐Shing
Published: August 2019

This study aims to measure the plasma levels of rivaroxaban and apixaban among Asian patients with atrial fibrillation and compare the results with expected drug levels from clinical studies. A total of 73 patients taking rivaroxaban and 105 patients taking apixaban were enrolled. Peak and trough levels were measured using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The percentage of those with drug levels within the expected range reported in clinical studies was significantly higher in the apixaban group than in the rivaroxaban group, both for trough (84.8% vs. 64.4%; P = 0.002) and peak levels (76.9% vs. 33.8%; P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, kidney function, appropriate dose, and adherence, patients taking rivaroxaban were still less likely to have peak and trough levels within the expected drug levels. Our real‐world data suggests that Asian patients taking rivaroxaban are more likely to have out‐of‐expected drug levels than those taking apixaban.