bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-year infection control rates of a DAIR (debridement, antibiotics and implant retention) procedure after primary and prosthetic-joint-infection-related revision arthroplasty – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nurmohamed F. Ruben H. A. , van Dijk Bruce , Veltman Ewout S. , Hoekstra Marrit , Rentenaar Rob J. , Weinans Harrie H. , Vogely H. Charles , van der Wal Bart C. H.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Introduction: Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR)
procedures are effective treatments for acute postoperative or acute
hematogenous periprosthetic joint infections. However, literature reporting
on the effectiveness of DAIR procedures performed after a one- or two-stage
revision because of a prosthetic joint infection (PJI) (PJI-related revision arthroplasty) is scarce. The
aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the infection control after
1 year of a DAIR procedure in the case of an early postoperative infection
either after primary arthroplasty or after PJI-related revision
arthroplasty.
Materials and methods: All patients treated with a DAIR procedure within 3
months after onset of PJI between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively
included. Data were collected on patient and infection characteristics. All
infections were confirmed by applying the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) 2014 criteria. The primary
outcome was successful control of infection at 1 year after a DAIR
procedure, which was defined as the absence of clinical signs, such as pain,
swelling, and erythema; radiological signs, such as protheses loosening; or
laboratory signs, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) (<10) with no use of antibiotic therapy.
Results: Sixty-seven patients were treated with a DAIR procedure (41 hips and 26
knees). Successful infection control rates of a DAIR procedure after primary
arthroplasty (n=51) and after prior PJI-related revision arthroplasty
(n=16) were 69 % and 56 %, respectively (p=0.38). The successful infection control rates of a DAIR procedure after an early acute infection
(n=35) and after a hematogenous infection (n=16) following primary
arthroplasty were both 69 % (p=1.00).
Conclusion: In this limited study population, no statistically significant
difference is found in infection control after 1 year between DAIR
procedures after primary arthroplasty and PJI-related revision arthroplasty.
Inline quality monitoring of diesel exhaust fluid (AdBlue) by using the 3ω method
Authors: Bernhardsgrütter Ralf E. , Hepp Christoph J. , Jägle Martin , Pernau Hans-Fridtjof , Schmitt Katrin , Wöllenstein Jürgen
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Because diesel combustion processes produce harmful detrimental nitrous oxides, the selective catalytic reduction, an after-treatment method using diesel exhaust fluid (AdBlue) to reduce these emissions, is an important part in the cycle of the combustion process. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously monitor the quality of the diesel exhaust fluid to secure the ideal selective catalytic reduction. This article presents a platinum thin-film sensor using the 3ω method which is able to characterize the diesel exhaust fluid. By means of the 3ω method, information about the concentration of urea in water can be extracted. In this investigation, a digital lock-in amplification technique is used to execute the measurements. The results show that this sensor can determine the urea content within 1 % by weight. Moreover, besides the analysis of the 3ω signal, the 1ω signal is analyzed in depth to receive additional information about the temperature. Because the same structure can measure multiple parameters, such as concentration, temperature, and flow, the sensor might be a good alternative to the state-of-the-art diesel exhaust fluid sensor.
Earthquake preparedness among religious minority groups: the case of the Jewish ultra-Orthodox society in Israel
Authors: Orr Zvika , Erblich Tehila , Unger Shifra , Barnea Osnat , Weinstein Moshe , Agnon Amotz
Published: January 2021

Abstract. To work effectively, emergency management systems that deal with earthquake threats must consider the needs of religious minority groups. Studies regarding earthquake preparedness among marginalized social–cultural groups can highlight ways to improve it. Recently, some research has focused on the effect of religion on earthquake preparedness. However, very few studies have connected the two and examined earthquake preparedness among religious groups that are also a social–cultural minority in relation to the authorities. This study examines the effects of religious beliefs and customs on earthquake preparedness among the Jewish ultra-Orthodox community in Israel, a significant religious minority with unique social, cultural, and economic characteristics. Data were obtained using mixed methods including a survey, in-depth interviews, and focus groups. Results demonstrated that the majority of the community had a low level of hazard knowledge and a high level of disbelief that a devastating earthquake would occur in their area in the near future. This is despite a long-documented history of earthquakes that devastated the Levant and, in particular, dwelling locations for this community. Low exposure to media, insularity of educational institutions, and suspicion toward state authorities were shown to hinder preparedness, while strong social capital improved it. This research is unique for it studies a religious group that is also a cultural minority, which, therefore, requires special adaptations. Some of the recommended adaptations include receiving support from religious leaders, publishing preparation guidelines in proper settings, working with civilian organizations that are seen as legitimate by the religious communities, and adapting technologies and information to be religiously appropriate. To conclude, this research offers a perspective on the complex reality of hazard preparedness in a religiously diverse country. The conclusions are applicable to other countries and natural hazards.
A systems-based approach to parameterise seismic hazard in regions with little historical or instrumental seismicity: active fault and seismogenic source databases for southern Malawi
Authors: Williams Jack N. , Mdala Hassan , Fagereng Åke , Wedmore Luke N. J. , Biggs Juliet , Dulanya Zuze , Chindandali Patrick , Mphepo Felix
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Seismic hazard is commonly characterised using instrumental seismic records.
However, these records are short relative to earthquake repeat times, and
extrapolating to estimate seismic hazard can misrepresent the probable
location, magnitude, and frequency of future large earthquakes. Although
paleoseismology can address this challenge, this approach requires certain
geomorphic setting, is resource intensive, and can carry large inherent
uncertainties. Here, we outline how fault slip rates and recurrence
intervals can be estimated by combining fault geometry, earthquake-scaling
relationships, geodetically derived regional strain rates, and geological
constraints of regional strain distribution. We apply this approach to
southern Malawi, near the southern end of the East African Rift, and where,
although no on-fault slip rate measurements exist, there are constraints on
strain partitioning between border and intra-basin faults. This has led to
the development of the South Malawi Active Fault Database (SMAFD), a
geographical database of 23 active fault traces, and the South Malawi
Seismogenic Source Database (SMSSD), in which we apply our systems-based
approach to estimate earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals for the
faults compiled in the SMAFD. We estimate earthquake magnitudes of MW 5.4–7.2 for individual fault sections in the SMSSD and MW 5.6–7.8 for
whole-fault ruptures. However, low fault slip rates (intermediate estimates
∼ 0.05–0.8 mm/yr) imply long recurrence intervals between
events: 102–105 years for border faults and 103–106 years for intra-basin faults. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the large
range of these estimates can best be reduced with improved geodetic
constraints in southern Malawi. The SMAFD and SMSSD provide a framework for
using geological and geodetic information to characterise seismic hazard in
regions with few on-fault slip rate measurements, and they could be adapted for
use elsewhere in the East African Rift and globally.
The Aphoristic Way: Lev Tolstoy’s Translations of the Dao de Jing
Authors: Chu Jinyi
Published: January 2021

This article examines Lev Tolstoy’s translations of Laozi’s Dao De Jing, the ancient Chinese Daoist canon, from English, French, and German into Russian, and depicted a canonical Russian writer’s participation in an evolving global intellectual network of translating Chinese classics for the first time in full. I argue that Tolstoy constructed Laozi as a cosmopolitan philosophical ancestor for Russia and Europe and an ideological ally in the polemical rethinking of Christianity and the future of Western civilization. I begin with Tolstoy’s first encounter with the Dao De Jing during his spiritual crisis in the 1870s and 1880s and his invocation of Laozi to intervene in the debate on modernization between Emile Zola and Alexandre Dumas. I then explain Tolstoy’s understanding of the kinship of Dao, Logos, and God against the background of his polemics with the Russian Orthodox Church. I conclude by examining how Tolstoy used the Dao De Jing to exhort coeval Chinese intellectual Gu Hongming to accept the nonviolent resistance to imperialism. Tolstoy’s struggle with translating the Dao De Jing exemplifies an intellectual dilemma: in the attempt to show that Christian doctrine held no monopoly for universal truth, Tolstoy obliterated the specificity of Laozi’s cultural context.
DESAFÍOS EN CALIDAD Y COBERTURA DE LA EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA DE HONDURAS 2014-2018
Authors: Rojas Anibal
Published: January 2021

Los retos históricos y estructurales del sistema educativo hondureño han acumulado una deuda con deficiencias en la formación de competencias necesarias para el desarrollo del país, acompañada de un nivel de cobertura insuficiente para atender el primer y tercer ciclo de la educación obligatoria. El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar los resultados de la educación pública en Honduras a partir de los niveles de cobertura o tasas de matrícula en los primeros tramos de la educación básica. Así como, la evolución de la calidad en términos de aprendizaje en las áreas de Español y Matemáticas sobre una muestra de centros de educación básica con representatividad a nivel Departamental y Municipal, incluida la calidad educativa medida como resultado del rendimiento de los estudiantes hondureños en pruebas estandarizadas internacionales. La baja provisión de los servicios educativos eficaces revela un importante desafío para el sistema de educación pública de Honduras respecto al principal producto que éste entrega a la sociedad: estudiantes con apenas conocimientos mínimos sobre los temas evaluados.
TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE (TPM) NEW TRENDS, ALONG ENERGY FIT PLANT MAINTENANCE PROTOCOLS (2010-2020)
Authors: Argueta Moreno Jesús David
Published: January 2021

The main goal of this descriptive study is to examine the contemporary High-Performance Manufacturing (HPM) Energy Fit Trends that are triggered by the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) practices, manifest along the different manufacturing scenarios. The data presented on this study, was gathered from various sources, mainly from the Industrial Maintenance & Plant Operation anual report, as well as from the US Energy Informatión Administratión (EIA).

This analysis explores several theoretical and managerial implications of the TPM practices and their direct articulation with Energy Fit Plant Maintenance Protocols.
11 de noviembre de 2019: Fotografía del tránsito del planeta Mercurio
Authors: Díaz Saris Elena , Barahona Miguel
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Los tránsitos de planetas frente al Sol pueden ser vistos desde el planeta Tierra, especialmente Mercurio y Venus, los interiores del Sistema Solar. Para estudiar estos eventos es necesario conocer los términos de fotografía; apertura, velocidad e International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Sobre astronomía es importante resaltar, la conjunción interior y efemérides para tener una mejor compresión de la experiencia. Este artículo documenta aspectos técnicos de la fotografía aplicados a la astronomía del tránsito planetario el 11 de noviembre de 2019. Presentación de experiencia: Las observaciones se realizaron en el Observatorio Astronómico Centroamericano de Suyapa (OACS), en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), entre las 06:35:27 y 12:04:14. Se trabajó con una cámara Canon EOS 5D Mark II, un telescopio Meade 8” y una laptop con software especializado para realizar las capturas fotográficas.  Discusión: La primera imagen captada se llevó a cabo a las 07:01. Las condiciones climáticas impidieron realizar la toma de las primeras dos efemérides del tránsito. Se tomaron dos fotografías adicionales, una a las 09:19 y la otra a las 12:02. Conclusión: El OACS/UNAH obtuvo un banco de 125 imágenes de alta calidad a lo largo del evento astronómico.
Logro del Hambre Cero en Ecuador: reflexiones sobre los programas de nutrición
Authors: Enríquez Jean Pierre , Vera-Martínez Dana Judith , Hernández Santana Adriana
Published: January 2021

La desnutrición y la obesidad son problemas que afectan a la sociedad. Estas condiciones, sumadas a los altos niveles de pobreza, generan complicaciones para alcanzar las metas de la erradicación del hambre (Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible ODS-2). Ecuador no es una excepción en esta problemática social, más comprometida por la emergencia sanitaria mundial de COVID-19. El país andino cuenta con una población aproximada de 17 millones de personas. Para el 2018, el 36.2% de la población vivía en áreas rurales. Además, cerca de una cuarta parte de sus habitantes (24.2%) experimentaron pobreza y un 7.9% padecieron de subalimentación (PSAN, 2020). La prevalencia de desnutrición crónica y sobrepeso ha aumentado en las últimas tres décadas. No obstante, el país ha marcado hitos en seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN) desde el 2018. Es necesario llamar la atención sobre aspectos nutricionales y desarrollar estrategias que permitan, mejorar la resiliencia en el país en tiempos de adversidades, como la del COVID-19. La Constitución de Ecuador ha reconocido el derecho de la alimentación, buscando mejorar el estado nutricional de la población. El país ha desarrollado esquemas que articulen la SAN, mediante monitoreo y desarrollo de programas de protección social, generando bienestar para la población en general. El COVID-19 podría comprometer los avances de los programas nacionales de protección social.
Desarrollo de investigación como trabajo educativo social por estudiantes de secundaria de Innovatec en el 2020
Authors: Valdez Denise , Medina Kenia
Published: January 2021

La pandemia del COVID-19 ha generado cambios radicales y complejos en el sistema educativo. En el caso de la educación secundaria en Honduras, un requisito de graduación es que el estudiante desarrolle el Trabajo Educativo Social (T.E.S.). Dada la ordenanza de encierro y virtualización de la educación, se transformó el T.E.S. por medio del Acuerdo No. 277-SE-2020 en el Diario Oficial la Gaceta, en el cual establece que se orientará a ejecutar actividades que no representen riesgo para la salud de los educandos, los cuales deben de consistir en desarrollo de proyectos de investigación, talleres virtuales de redacción de informes, ensayos o elaboración de proyectos de promoción social. Innovatec seleccionó el “Proyecto de Investigación”, ya que la investigación es uno de los pilares institucionales de UNITEC.
Síndrome de burnout y plenitud existencial en los docentes de El Progreso, Yoro
Authors: Álvarez  Trejo Josué Donadín , Ardón Ledezma Rolando Alfredo
Published: January 2021

Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad analizar la relación entre el síndrome de burnout y la plenitud existencial de los docentes de secundaria en El Progreso, Yoro; para lograrlo se determinó la prevalencia del síndrome y se establecieron comparaciones de los niveles de burnout y plenitud existencial entre los profesores del sector público y privado; asimismo se investigó si existía alguna relación entre ambas variables. Se concluye que el burnout está presente y que los mayores de cuarenta años, de ambos sectores, son quienes están situados en un mayor porcentaje en el nivel bajo en la escala de la plenitud existencial. Por otra parte, no fue posible confirmar estadísticamente una relación directa entre el síndrome de burnout y la plenitud existencial. La investigación es cuantitativa y de alcance descriptivo-correlacional. Los datos proceden de una muestra de 202 profesores a quienes se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Burnout de Maslach para Docentes (MBI-Ed) y la Escala Existencial de Längle.
Telemedicina ética para Honduras en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Moya Díaz Geovanna Michele
Published: January 2021

En Honduras y en el resto del mundo se atraviesa un reto de salud pública por la pandemia de la enfermedad COVID-19. Por lo cual, surgió la necesidad de poner en marcha la telesalud, considerando los principios deontológicos y éticos que rigen la profesión médica. Es importante romper paradigmas en la incorporación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en los sistemas de salud. Debemos expandir nuestra visión en beneficio de la salud de las personas, teniendo en cuenta que siempre es y será, apropiado e ineludible cuestionar las innovaciones, para analizar y reflexionar los aspectos éticos y legales sobre su implementación y garantizar que lo implementado represente un beneficio directo para los usuarios. Desde este enfoque se reflexionó sobre la necesidad de implementar una telemedicina ética, humanista, cuyo fin prioritario sea preservar la vida, la confidencialidad, la seguridad de los pacientes, además la calidad y la continuidad de la atención médica.
Efectos psicológicos del confinamiento social por COVID-19 en la población hondureña
Authors: Abate-Flores Christian , Urtecho-Osorto Óscar Rolando , Agüero Maitée
Published: January 2021

Esta es una investigación de enfoque mixto que tiene el objetivo de analizar los efectos psicológicos del confinamiento social por COVID-19 en la población hondureña. En la parte cuantitativa se aplicaron tres escalas tipo Likert a 487 personas (que tenían entre 15 y 66 años) con un promedio de edad de 27 años, en las que se indagó sobre la satisfacción con la vida, síntomas depresivos y felicidad. Para la recolección de la información cualitativa se creó una guía de entrevista que se aplicó a seis personas (tres hombres y tres mujeres) con una edad promedio de 32 años, para indagar sobre el malestar psicológico, bienestar emocional, vínculos familiares-sociales y el malestar físico. Se encontró en la muestra cuantitativa que las mujeres experimentan más síntomas depresivos que los hombres. Las personas que tienen un nivel académico de primaria están en el rango de moderados a graves en cuanto a síntomas depresivos, y las personas solteras, divorciadas y viudas presentan síntomas depresivos en un nivel moderado. Más del 50 % de la muestra ha experimentado problemas de sueño. En la parte cualitativa se logró identificar algunas emociones negativas que se están experimentando durante la cuarentena por COVID-19: miedo, impotencia, incertidumbre y nostalgia, todo esto ligado a una sensación de pérdida de control de la vida propia. Entre las preocupaciones principales están el empleo, la alimentación, salud y economía. Sin embargo, las condiciones de la cuarentena han propiciado el diálogo y la unidad familiar.
ANÁLISE DA PERCEPÇÃO DOS ACADÊMICOS DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PRIVADA DE GOIÂNIA SOBRE AS CONDUTAS ÉTICAS DO PROFISSIONAL CONTADOR
Authors: Barros Neto Rafael Bernardo , Santos Geovane Camilo , Oliveira Elis Regina de , Bitencourt Frederico Luis Domingues , Santos Dryelle Laiana de Jesus Silva dos
Published: January 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a percepção dos alunos do curso de Ciências Contábeis de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) privada de Goiânia, quanto às condutas éticas do profissional contador. Esta pesquisa é relevante devido esse profissional contábil possuir acesso aos dados da organização, além da geração de informações fidedignas aos usuários, portanto, a investigação do comportamento ético é fundamental. Em relação aos procedimentos empregou a técnica survey com aplicação de questionário para coleta dos dados e abordagem quali-quantitativa. O questionário possuía vinte e uma questões para caracterização dos respondentes e levantamento de suas percepções sobre as condutas éticas. A amostra foi composta por 226 questionários válidos, com tratamento estatístico realizado mediante aplicação dos testes não-paramétricos de Mann-Whitney. Há evidencia estatística para aceitação das três hipóteses do estudo: i) as mulheres apresentam maior percepção às condutas éticas que os homens, ii) os discentes que exercem alguma religião apresentam maior percepções às condutas éticas e iii) os discentes que cursaram a disciplina de ética ofertada pela IES apresentam maior percepção ética que aqueles que não a cursaram. Na percepção dos estudantes, a disciplina de ética aumenta os conhecimentos relativos aos deveres e direitos para atuação profissional, e, por fim, eles sugerem maior fiscalização para melhor aplicação do Código de Ética Profissional do Contador.
REFLEXOS DAS RELAÇÕES INTERPESSOAIS NA PARTICIPAÇÃO DO CONTROLLER EM DECISÕES ORGANIZACIONAIS
Authors: Dos Santos Heitor Gerson , Schafer Joice Denise , Lunkes Rogério João
Published: January 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os reflexos das relações interpessoais na participação do controller na tomada de decisões organizacionais (operacionais e estratégicas). O estudo enquadra-se como descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários aplicados junto aos controllers de empresas brasileiras. Os respondentes da pesquisa (42), em sua maioria, são profissionais formados em Ciências Contábeis, com idade superior a 35 anos e com mais de cinco anos de experiência na função e na empresa as quais estão vinculados atualmente. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem inferir que embora o relacionamento interpessoal seja estatisticamente significativo para o envolvimento do profissional da controladoria na tomada de decisão operacional, não parece ser determinante para o envolvimento do controller na tomada de decisão estratégica das organizações. O tempo de experiência na função desmontou como a variável de controle com maior efeito sobre o envolvimento do profissional em decisões estratégicas, enquanto o gênero se mostrou relevante tanto em nível estratégico quanto operacional. Controllers do gênero masculino têm maior nível de participação na tomada de decisão organizacional. Estudos que envolvam variáveis organizacionais, ambientais e mesmo características pessoais da alta gestão são sugeridos para pesquisas futuras que busquem identificar fatores relacionados ao envolvimento do profissional da controladoria em diferentes níveis de tomada de decisão organizacional.
Environmental Legitimacy Through Adopting Green Products and Its Effect on the Brand Equity: Moderating Role of Management Awareness
Authors: Hashem Tareq N.
Published: January 2021

The current study sought to examine the influence of adopting green products as a form of environmental legitimacy on ''brand equit'y'' through the moderating role of management awareness. Quantitative method was adopted through utilizing a questionnaire which was distributed on (96) individuals within green brands producers in Jordan. Results of study indicated that all brand equity variables are influenced by adopting green products as a form of environmental legitimacy. Results also indicated that brand personality was the most influenced variable of all scoring an R value of (0.74) and explained 54.7% of total influence. Study recommended organizations to focus on adopting green products in order to enhance brand equity as an approach for developing and supporting sales, and encouraging customers of regular products to switch to green products.
Chatbot Development as a Digital Learning Tool to Increase Students’ Research Knowledge
Authors: Vanichvasin Patchara
Published: January 2021

The research aimed to: 1) develop the chatbot; 2) evaluate its effectiveness; and 3) investigate its effects on students’ research knowledge. The sample consisted of 36 Thai university students. The research instruments consisted of: 1) the chatbot; 2) an evaluation form; 3) an effectiveness questionnaire; and 4) research tests. Data analysis used was mean, standard deviation, content analysis and a t-test. The findings indicated that: 1) the chatbot was evaluated by experts with the applicability at a very high level ( = 4.67, S.D. = 0.08) with recommendation to add more research content and interactive learning. The pilot test was done with 14 non-target group of students. Students perceived the chatbot’s effectiveness at a high level ( = 4.43, S.D. = 0.35) with comments to add more examples and graphics to make the chatbot more interesting; 2) the 36 target group of Thai university students perceived the chatbot as an effective technology to use as a digital learning tool at a high level ( = 4.37, S.D. = 0.48). They thought that chatbot technology was easy to use, easy to understand, innovative and fun for learning. They could get answers instantly and be able to seek specific information without waiting for responses. However, in response to questions not matched keywords specified, further details of finding proper answers such as links should be provided instead of leaving those questions unanswered. Also, the chatbot only provided responses when typing correctly so there should be an option to choose from a list of questions or keywords; and 3) the post-test scores were significantly higher than the pre-test scores at the 0.05 level of significance. In conclusion, using chatbot technology in education settings to increase students’ research knowledge gave positive results as it led to positive learning outcomes and helped provide better personalized learning experience for students.
Synthesis of Plans to Increase the Results of Ordinary National Education Test by All-Round Tutoring Process for Primary School Grade 6
Authors: Pakprod Nuttakan , Jirasatjanukul Kanokrat , Tumthong Damrong , Amklad Prapa , Lekchom Wipa
Published: January 2021

The objective of this research is to study the results of activities to increase the scores of Ordinary National Education Test. Cluster; teachers of Phetchaburi Rajabhat University comparing the results of Ordinary National Education Test in 2017-2018 and studying the satisfaction of the activities. The target group is 49 schools in Phetchaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan Provinces, data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The study found that the difference of the scores of the Ordinary National Education Test was higher in 32 schools and there is a difference in scores of Ordinary National Education Test tests lower by 2 schools, representing 94.12, with the satisfaction of the participation in the activity of increasing the basic educational testing at the basic level is at a high level with an average of 4.22, standard deviations 0.73, which the participants are satisfied with the process. The process of organizing activities was at the highest with an average of 4.28, standard deviations 0.76 and continues organizing activities to increase the scores of Ordinary National Education Test.
Parental Involvement in the Arab and Jewish Educational Systems
Authors: Sharabi Moshe , Cohen-Ynon Gilad , Soskis Marina
Published: January 2021

To date, no comparison has been made between the Arab and Jewish educational systems regarding parental involvement. This preliminary study examines the perceptions about parental involvement as described by the pedagogic staff and compares the two sectors (Jewish vs. Arab as two ethno-religious groups). Staff members from four elementary schools (two Jewish schools and two Arab schools) were interviewed. The findings indicate that parental involvement in the Arab sector is lower than in the Jewish sector. The Arab parents have more respect and trust towards the school, the principal, and the teachers compared to the Jewish parents. This is reflected by lower involvement of the Arab parents in comparison to the Jewish parents. While Jewish parents who volunteer for parents’ associations use their status to promote their personal interest (their child’s benefit) and less desire to contribute to the school, Arab parents volunteer more to help the principals and teachers to get resources from the Mayor/ Head of the municipal council and less for their own child’s benefit. The depth and the type of parental involvement in the Jewish and the Arab educational systems can be explained by cultural differences, namely an individualistic Jewish society vs. a collectivistic Arab society.
An Evaluation of a Maternal Health and Extreme Heat Exposure Training
Authors: Monteblanco Adelle Dora , Vanos Jennifer K , LeRoy Sarah , Juarez Patricia M , Garfin Gregg M
Published: January 2021

Growing empirical evidence documents the potential risk of extreme heat exposure to pregnant individuals. These risks include adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. Climate change will exacerbate extreme heat exposures to a large portion of the global population, and pregnant individuals need to understand the risks and protective measures needed. Maternal health workers are a key mechanism for conveying this information to pregnant individuals. The authors assess a training of maternal health workers in El Paso, Texas, through two research instruments. First, eight maternal health workers completed an educational workshop and consented to participation; pre- and post-test workshop data are reported. Second, and subsequent to the workshop, a focus group was undertaken with six maternal health workers; directed content analysis was used to synthesize and report patterns from this qualitative data. Assessments indicated that a training session can improve provider knowledge of maternal heat–health risks and can encourage providers to discuss heat risks with patients/clients. This pilot project offered an approach to raise awareness of extreme heat among maternal health workers. The authors encourage the development of similar trainings in other communities to improve the safety of pregnant individuals in warm regions and areas experiencing extreme heat.
Food Insecurity Experiences of Idaho Head Start Families
Authors: Deiter Sherry , Arcelay-Rojas Yitza A.
Published: January 2021

Using the social-ecological model, this basic interpretive qualitative study sought to examine the phenomenon of food insecurity among Idaho Head Start enrolled families, focusing on barriers and deterrents to accessing available nutrition assistance programs. A total of 11 interviews were conducted with parents who had children enrolled in five Idaho Head Start programs. The data were coded and analyzed and are reflective of how individual, interpersonal, community, and organizational levels factors are reflected in participants’ decisions to access available nutrition assistance programs. Participants reported feelings of stigma and shame and transportation concerns as individual barriers as well as the interpersonal barrier of a lack of support systems. Lack of awareness of resources, limited food choices, and the questionable quality of foods provided at pantries were noted among the community and organizational deterrents. The results of this study may be used to create interventions that promote food security among Head Start families.
METHOD OF DETERMINING THE SURFACE TENSION
AND SURFACE ENERGY OF TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR PARTICLES
Authors: Sadowski Jan
Published: January 2021

Surface tension of friction wear product material is linked with unit mechanical work of newly-formed surfaces
of solids. A definition of surface energy also addresses the thermal effect, which is indirectly connected with
wear. Physical differences between the development of liquids and solids surfaces are discussed. Both of
the quantities defined are described in analytical terms and their value is determined for a selected example
of experimental testing. The discussion is based on the first law of thermodynamics using the concept of
specific enthalpy of wear products. Boundaries of an area in space where mechanical energy is dissipated and
dimensions of a wear particle being formed are taken into account. Mechanical and thermal parts of the energy
balance are differentiated.
EFFECT OF THE MISALIGNMENT OF JOURNAL AND SLEEVE
AXIS ON THE OPERATION OF TURBO UNIT JOURNAL BEARINGS
Authors: Strzelecki Stanisław
Published: January 2021

In journal bearings the misalignment of the journal and sleeve axis causes a load concentration on their edges,
mixed lubrication conditions, an increase in the bearing temperature, rotor instability, and intensive wear of
mating parts. The rotating machines are controlled by means of the temperature and vibration transducers,
which are placed in the middle plain of the bearing housing. This arrangement of transducers gives no
information about the real distance between the journal surface and bearing edges, and, in case of misaligned
shaft, it has crucial meaning for the correct operation of turbo unit.
This paper presents the theoretical and some experimental results of turbo unit journal bearing operating in
misaligned conditions. The results point out the necessity of the precise control of the lubricating gap and the
temperature generated on the bearing edges. It was also found that the increase in misalignment also generates
an increase in power loss.
A white paper: US biosimilars market on pace with Europe
Authors: Feldman Madelaine , Reilly Michael S
Published: January 2021

In the US, 28 biosimilars have been approved, with 10 in the last two years. The US is keeping pace with the EU who pioneered biosimilars approvals a decade earlier. Herein, current FDA regulations and hurdles encountered for US biosimilar approval and uptake are discussed.
Beweisverwertungsverbote im arbeitsgerichtlichen Verfahren
Authors: Simokat Stephanie
Published: January 2021

The book is dedicated to the handling of the labour court jurisdiction with a prohibition of the use of evidence based on an employer-side surveillance measure against the background of an examination of the amendments for the assessment of the admissibility of the surveillance measure by the DSGVO. In particular, the level of protection guaranteed by the DSGVO as well as the admissibility of clandestine employer-side surveillance measures are reviewed. On the basis of the substantive legal basis examined, the author analyses how case law deals with a ban on the exploitation of evidence in labour court proceedings - in particular whether the courts sufficiently observe the constitutional requirements. The study concludes with a dogmatic assessment of the existence of a ban on the exploitation of evidence, applying a standard developed by the author for weighing up the facts already decided.
Der Betrieb als Organisation
Authors: Daum Jan Alexander
Published: January 2021

In modern business, geographic boundaries are increasingly dissolving. What remains are directives and reporting lines that link single employees and operating resources. Jan Alexander Daum examines the extent to which lines of instruction shape the "Betrieb", which is one of the most important elements of German labor law and characterizes co-determination law, protection against dismissal and the transfer of undertakings. To this end, he distinguishes between different types of management powers that constitute the respective organisation. He is proving his organisational-teleological approach in so-called matrix organisations, in which management powers for the same employees are distributed over several instances.
Zur Vernetzung von ambulanter und stationärer Patientenversorgung
Authors: Röll Daniel
Published: January 2021

The cross-linking of ambulatory and stationary patient supply in hospitals is not only considered from a scientific point of view, but also contains practical implementation proposals for the avoidance of liability risks (e.g. fictitious shareholder liability) for intersectoral ASV teams. Dogmatically, the ASV was classified into the system of existing healthcare sectors, and the corporate law classification of intersectoral ASV teams as GbR and its liability was examined. The special features of the hospital MVZ were comprehensively presented and proposals for the modification of the “GmbH Konzernkontrolle” in favor of patient interests in investorled hospital groups with the participation of hospital MVZ were developed.
Assessing the Effect of Diazepam on Methamphetamine-Induced Seeking Behavior in Rats
Authors: Alaedini Kamaledin , Riahi Esmaeel , Karimi Elaheh , Farahmandfar Maryam
Published: January 2021

Background: Relapse is a common problem in substance-use disorders. Accumulating evidence has shown that diazepam can reduce the abuse potential of some drugs. Objectives: We investigated the effects of diazepam during and after the withdrawal period on the reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by a single dose of methamphetamine in male Wistar rats. Methods: Three groups of rats were trained to acquire methamphetamine CPP. The rats in the control group received, respectively, saline and methamphetamine (1 mg/kg, daily, ip) in the extinction and priming phases. Two other groups (one and two) had a similar process, but the rats in group one received diazepam (3 mg/kg, daily, ip) in the extinction phase and those in group 2 received a single dose of diazepam just before the priming phase. The CPP was checked daily during all processes. Results: We showed that a 3-day period injection of methamphetamine (1 mg/kg) resulted in a positive conditioning score on the first day after conditioning. Also, 3 mg/kg of diazepam daily in the extinction period shortened the withdrawal period for one day and extinction happened on the 9th and 10th days. Diazepam also reduced the conditioning score at the reinstatement phase (P < 0.01). Furthermore, diazepam injection (3 mg/kg) before the methamphetamine priming dose did not have any significant effect on the reinstatement of drug-seeking. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that administration of diazepam during the extinction period was associated with reduced maintenance and reinstatement of methamphetamine-induced CPP, while the single dose of diazepam could not prevent the reinstatement of methamphetamine.
Investigation of Healing Effects of Cinnamic Acid in a Full-Thickness Wound Model in Rabbit
Authors: Naghavi Mohammad , Tamri Pari , Soleimani Asl Sara
Published: January 2021

Background: Wounds represent a major global problem for health care systems, clinicians, patients, and their families. Cinnamic Acid (CA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound that possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of CA on skin wound-healing in the animal model. Methods: Full-thickness wounds were created on the back of white New Zealand rabbits of both sexes. Animals were divided into six groups (six animals and 12 wounds in each group). Negative control received no treatment, while positive control was treated with phenytoin cream, vehicle group with eucerin, and test groups with 0.1, 1, and 10% CA ointments. The healing activity of CA was evaluated by determining the wound closure rate and hydroxyproline content of wound tissue samples. In addition, the histopathological study of tissue samples of different groups was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: The rate of wound closure and hydroxyproline levels of tissue samples in animals treated with CA 0.1% were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of no-treatment and vehicle-treated groups. Histological study revealed the increased number of fibroblasts and hair follicles, increased reepithelialization rate, and enhanced neovascularization in CA 0.1%-treated group when compared to no-treatment and vehicle groups. Conclusions: Cinnamic acid at low concentrations (< 1%) is potent for skin wound-healing and could be used as a safe and effective topical healing agent. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Kritický realismus Revisited: Příspěvek k sociologické teorii subjektivity
Authors: Janák Dušan
Published: January 2021

This paper develops the sociological conception of subjectivity, which recognizes the key role of cultural and linguistic meanings in social life. J. Šubrt’s concept of “duplex” could help to overcome the theoretical dilemma between individualism (subjectivism) and holism (objectivism) in sociology. This concept is inspired by the critical realism of I. A. Bláha and takes into account perspectives from the philosophy of language, phenomenology, the classical sociology of G. H. Mead, and the contemporary critical realism of M. Archer. The focus of the duplex concept is the interactive and procedural nature of meanings (mental representations). The argument in favour of the interactive and pluralistic conception of the subject of social events derives from this attribute of meaning.
Aldred Scott Warthin: Ann Arbor's Erudite, Outspoken, and Academically Transformative Early 20th Century Pathologist
Authors: Wright James R.
Published: January 2021

Context.—

Aldred Scott Warthin, MD, PhD, was professor of pathology and director of the pathological laboratory at the University of Michigan during the first third of the 20th century.

Objective.—

To explore the life and accomplishments of Dr. Warthin and his impact on academic anatomic and clinical pathology.

Design.—

Available primary and secondary historic sources were reviewed.

Results.—

After studying music, biology, and botany, Warthin attended medical school at the University of Michigan, graduating in 1891; he remained in Ann Arbor for 40 years, almost single-handedly transforming a rundown department into a top academic department. He was a dedicated teacher who produced 2 important pathology textbooks. His research interests were diverse. In 1913, he published one of the first papers unambiguously documenting heritability of cancers; subsequent research on one of his cancer families resulted in the description of Lynch Syndrome. He published extensively in the fields of surgical pathology and experimental pathology. He was a recognized expert on syphilis and pathology of aging.

Conclusions.—

Warthin's name is eponymously associated with Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells in measles, Warthin's tumor of the parotid, and Warthin-Starry stain for the diagnosis of syphilis as well as Warthin's sign in the clinical diagnosis of pericarditis.
Pediatric Thromboelastograph 6s and Laboratory Coagulation Reference Values
Authors: Moynihan Katie M. , Johnson Kerry , Rane Mark , Norman Andrew , Humphreys Susan , Stocker Christian , Gibbons Kristen , Roy John
Published: January 2021

Context.—

Specific reference intervals (RIs) facilitate accurate interpretation of results. Coagulation assay results may vary by demographics and also between reagents and analyzers used. Current Thromboelastograph 6s (TEG 6s) Hemostasis Analyzer RIs were generated from adult samples.

Objective.—

To generate reagent analyzer-specific pediatric RIs for TEG 6s and coagulation parameters.

Design.—

A prospective, observational, single-center study of healthy children undergoing general anesthesia (January 3, 2017 to January 3, 2019). Venous blood samples were obtained for TEG 6s (Kaolin, Kaolin-Heparinase, Rapid and Functional Fibrinogen assays) and coagulation parameters (activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin clotting time, Echis time, antithrombin activity, and fibrinogen concentration using Instrumentation Laboratory ACL-TOP analyzers). Differences between activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time reagents were investigated using mixed-effects regression, comparing maximum coefficients-of-variation with assay-specific allowable variation. RIs (lower/upper limits 2.5th of 97.5th percentiles) were generated using the following 2 methods: within discrete age-groups (neonates [<1 month], infants [1 month–1 year], young children [1–5 years], older children [6–10 years], and adolescents [11–16 years]), and modeled as functions of age and/or sex using quantile regression, including significant fractional polynomial and interaction terms.

Results.—

Variation between prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time assays using different reagents was clinically significant. Reagent-analyzer specific pediatric RIs were generated using data from 254 children. Discrete and model-based RIs varied by age for all coagulation parameters and TEG 6s variables in all assays.

Conclusions.—

We report reagent-analyzer specific pediatric RIs for TEG 6s and coagulation parameters. Observed variation reinforces recommendations for laboratory-specific RIs. These findings improve accuracy of interpretation of clinical results, provide a foundation for comparison and validation of tests in pathology, and illustrate feasibility and advantages of model-based RI approaches.
Approccio cognitivo alla variazione fraseologica
Authors: Cataldo Silvia
Published: January 2021

La linguistica cognitiva ha messo in luce la tendenza degli esseri umani a comprendere la realtà mediante trasferimenti concettuali tra domini diversi, che possono essere convenzionali nella mente e dar vita a espressioni lessicalizzate con valore figurato in ogni lingua. Nel presente lavoro si propone un approccio cognitivo allo studio della variazione fraseologica, considerando, nello specifico, alcune delle unità fraseologiche italiane usate per riferirsi a persone che si trovano in uno stato di alterazione delle proprie facoltà mentali, al fine di determinarne i reciproci rapporti concettuali. In una fase successiva, poi, si sviluppa una riflessione sulle modalità in cui l’esistenza delle varianti individuate può influire sull’intero processo traduttivo, dal loro riconoscimento e dalla loro interpretazione, alla loro vera e propria traduzione, nonché sullo sforzo cognitivo richiesto al traduttore, prendendo in esame lo spagnolo e il tedesco come ipotetiche lingue meta.
Google Translate vs. DeepL
Authors: Hidalgo-Ternero Carlos Manuel
Published: January 2021

The present research analyses the performance of two free open-source neural machine translation (NMT) systems —Google Translate and DeepL— in the (ES>EN) translation of somatisms such as tomar el pelo and meter la pata, their nominal variants (tomadura/tomada de pelo and metedura/metida de pata), and other lower-frequency variants such as meter la pata hasta el corvejón, meter la gamba and metedura/metida de gamba. The machine translation outcomes will be contrasted and classified depending on whether these idioms are presented in their continuous or discontinuous form (Anastasiou 2010), i.e., whether different n-grams split the idiomatic sequence (or not), which may pose some difficulties for their automatic detection and translation. Overall, the insights gained from this study will prove useful in determining for which of the different scenarios either Google Translate or DeepL delivers a better performance under the challenge of phraseological variation and discontinuity.