bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracting recalcitrant redox data on fluorophores to pair with optical data for predicting small-molecule, ionic isolation lattices
Authors: Loveless Michaela K. , Che Minwei , Sanchez Alec J. , Tripathy Vikrant , Laursen Bo W. , Pamidighantam Sudhakar , Raghavachari Krishnan , Flood Amar H.
Published: September 2024

We used a semimanual approach to mine optical data from the literature using expert annotations. We identify 47 dye candidates for emissive SMILES materials. This workflow has promise for the design of other materials.
Synthesis of low-molecular weight and branched polyethylenes via ethylene polymerization using 9-(arylimino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrocyclohepta-pyridylnickel precatalysts
Authors: Ning Zhao , Ma Yanping , Zeng Yanning , Wang Yizhou , Xi Aoqian , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: September 2024

Cycloalkyl-fused pyridine-based nickel complexes efficiently polymerize ethylene; the strong hydrogen bonding and agostic interactions were observed in facilitating better spatial orientation to form low Mw and branched PE waxes.
Enhanced photocatalytic CO2 conversion over 0D/2D CsPbBr3/BiOCl S-scheme heterojunction via boosting charge separation
Authors: Qi Fangzheng , Guo Zengsheng , Zhang Yuhan , Tang Xue-Na , Sun Yiqiang , Xu Bo , Liu Guang-Ning , Li Cuncheng
Published: September 2024

We report a 0D/2D CsPbBr3/BiOCl heterojunction material, which can help to effectively separate photogenerated electron-hole pairs and enhance the CO2-catalyzed redox performance.
Salt precipitation and water flooding intrinsic to electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in acidic membrane electrode assemblies: fundamentals and remedies
Authors: Bai Qianqian , Xiong Likun , Zhang Yongjia , Ma Mutian , Jiao Zhenyang , Lyu Fenglei , Deng Zhao , Peng Yang
Published: September 2024

The fundamentals of salt precipitation and water flooding in membrane electrode assemblies for acidic electrocatalytic CO2 reduction are discussed and potential remedies via engineering electrodes, electrolytes, and membranes are proposed.
Tunable insulator–metal transition in epitaxial VO2 thin films via strain and defect engineering
Authors: Kamat Aditya , K. Gurukrishna , Kumar Rishow , Mishra Abhishek , Verma Amit Kumar , Tripathi Shivam , Garg Ashish , Misra Shikhar
Published: September 2024

The correlation between Tc, axial strain and oxygen vacancies is investigated for SMT, and DFT insights are reported for PLD grown VO2 epilayers on c-Al2O3.
More electrons on Fe and FeN2 promote nitrogen fixation efficiency
Authors: Feng Jin , Wang Xinlu , Xu Wenxing , Xu Xiaorui , Zhang Dapeng
Published: September 2024

The more electrons there are on Fe and FeN2, the faster the electrons transfer to the adsorbed nitrogen gas.
Design and synthesis of magnesium-modified copper oxide nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction
Authors: Li Xijuan , Li Zhiqian , Zhang Zining , Zhao Yuxiao , Fang Qi , Tang Jing , He Jianping
Published: September 2024

Mg–CuO nanosheets exhibit a FEC2H4 of 46.33% and FEC2+ of 62.64% at −1.3 V vs. RHE. DFT proves that Mg species increase the Cu charge density and decrease the *CO adsorption energy, which promote the C–C coupling and the C2+ products selectivity.
Hierarchical structures and magnetism of Co clusters: a perspective from integration of deep learning and a hybrid differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Yang Wei-Hua , Yu Fang-Qi , Guo Zi-Wen , Huang Rao , Chen Jun-Ren , Gao Feng-Qiang , Shao Gui-Fang , Liu Tun-Dong , Wen Yu-Hua
Published: September 2024

Combining a well-trained deep potential (DP) model and a high-efficiency hybrid differential evolution (HDE) algorithm to search for the lowest-energy structures of CoN (N = 11–50) clusters.
Advances in borophene based photodetectors for a sustainable tomorrow: a comprehensive review
Authors: Maity Gurupada , Mishra Prashant Kumar , Patel Geetika , Dubey Santosh
Published: September 2024

Schematic of borophene structure, synthesis, properties, and application in photodetectors.
Multicomponent synthesis of functionalized pyrrolo[3,4-e]isoindole-1,3,6,8-tetraones via [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of maleimides with nitroenamines
Authors: Yang Jia-Ming , Shao Bi-Na , Hu Xing-Mei , Ma Jian-Bo , Liu Jin , Yan Sheng-Jiao
Published: September 2024

We developed a protocol for the synthesis of PIITOs from maleimides and nitroenamines. This strategy featured a [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition with the heating of a mixture of substrates 1 and 2 with DMF without any catalyst.
Synthesis of four regioisomeric Ni(ii) azacorroles via oxidative ring-expansion of prefunctionalised norcorroles
Authors: Li Sha , Zhang Shaowei , Ohtake Kohei , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Li Xiaofang
Published: September 2024

We explored the synthesis and properties of four regioisomeric Ni(ii) azacorroles. The results revealed that the substituent at different pyrrole positions exerted different effects on the electronic structures.
Light-promoted, nickel-catalyzed C–N coupling of (hetero)aryl halides with benzophenone hydrazone for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles
Authors: Li Fei , Lu Huan-huan , Liao Huijuan , Xiong Weikang , Dong Jianyang , Li Gang , Xue Dong
Published: September 2024

A highly effective method for synthesizing N-arylhydrazones by means of light-promoted C–N coupling of (hetero)aryl halides with benzophenone hydrazone with catalysis by a Ni(ii)–aryl halide complex was reported.
Magnetic mesoporous zirconium phosphate (MMZP-Pr-SO3H): a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for sustainable preparation of phenyl tetrazole and 2-substituted benzoazoles
Authors: Tukhani Maryam , Hajipour Abdolreza , Najafi Chermahini Alireza
Published: September 2024

Based on the synthesis of mesoporous zirconium phosphate in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) and its functionalization with propyl sulfonic acid groups, a new and effective heterogeneous acidic catalyst (MMZP-Pr-SO3H) was prepared.
Fulleride superconductivity tuned by elastic strain due to cation compositional disorder
Authors: Okur H. Esma , Colman Ross H. , Takabayashi Yasuhiro , Jeglič Peter , Ohishi Yasuo , Kato Kenichi , Arčon Denis , Kubota Yoshiki , Prassides Kosmas
Published: September 2024

We unveil a clear link between cation structural-disorder in the tetrahedral sites of fcc-structured superconducting A3C60 fullerides and their electronic properties as manifested by a reduction of the superconducting transition temperature, Tc.
Cobalt-catalyzed conformationally restricted alkylarylation enables divergent access to Csp3-rich N-heterocycles
Authors: Chen Kaixin , Lin Jie , Jing Jing , Wang Junda , Hu Jiayu , Yi Hong , Lei Aiwen , Li Jie
Published: September 2024

Modular cobalt-catalyzed conformationally restricted alkylarylation enables the divergent synthesis of Csp3-rich N-hetero(spiro)cycles (>70 examples, >20 : 1 dr).
Microscale manipulation of bond exchange reactions in photocurable vitrimers with a covalently attachable photoacid generator
Authors: Korotkov Roman , Alabiso Walter , Jelinek Alexander , Schmallegger Max , Li Yang , Schlögl Sandra , Rossegger Elisabeth
Published: September 2024

A covalently attachable photoacid generator was synthesized to enable bond exchange reactions on a microscale.
A nanocarbon-enabled hybridization strategy to construct pharmacologically cooperative therapeutics for augmented anticancer efficacy
Authors: Wang Huan , Liu Xinchen , Yan Xiangyu , Du Yong , Pu Fang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: September 2024

We propose a nanocarbon-enabled hybridization strategy to construct pharmacologically cooperative nanodrugs for augmented cancer therapy based on pharmacophore hybridization in medicinal chemistry and the synthetic principles of nanocarbons.
Tuning the Ca content of Ni–Ca–Al layered-double hydroxide catalysts for low-temperature CO2 methanation
Authors: Dias Yan Resing , Perez-Lopez Oscar W.
Published: September 2024

Ni–Ca–Al LDH-derived catalysts were prepared with different Ca contents for CO2 methanation. The catalysts with up to 6% mol of Ca exhibited a large number of active and basic sites, presenting high activity in low-temperature reactions.
A 2D layered semiconducting (LCu3I3)n coordination polymer for energy storage through dual ion intercalation
Authors: Pandey Dilip , Singh Mayank K. , Mishra Shivendu , Rai Dhirendra K. , Raghuvanshi Abhinav
Published: September 2024

Semiconducting polymer, [(Cu3I3L)n], having a layered structure, shows efficient supercapattery performance with excellent stability. The performance is attributed to the Cu/Cu2+ redox couple accompanying dual ion (de)intercalation.
A one-step facile synthesis of fcc Ru–RuO2 activates superior bifunctionality toward overall alkaline water splitting
Authors: Fan Qianqian , Shao Yueyue , Zhang Longzhou , Zhou Jia , Wang Guigen
Published: September 2024

An overall water splitting electrocatalyst with excellent properties was prepared, in which the co-existence of fcc Ru and RuO2 was achieved for the first time. The utilization rate of Ru was also greatly improved.
Exceptional thermal stability of lanthanide-phosphonate frameworks
Authors: Firmino Ana D. G. , Mendes Ricardo F. , Figueira Flávio , Tomé João P. C. , Almeida Paz Filipe A.
Published: September 2024

A remarkable thermally-robust and stable metal–organic framework with lanthanide cations is obtained by the in situ formation of a polymeric phosphonate-based organic ligand.
Electricity generation using a microbial 3D bio-anode embedded bio-photovoltaic cell in a microfluidic chamber
Authors: Muganlı Zülal , Bütün İsmail , Gharib Ghazaleh , Koşar Ali
Published: September 2024

A biophotovoltaic cell consisting of a 3D hydrogel scaffold-based bio-anode enables microbial biofilm formation for substantial electron capture and extracellular electron transfer as an energy harvesting system.
Controlled synthesis of copper sulfide-based catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2to formic acid and beyond: a review
Authors: Mukherjee Anirban , Abdinejad Maryam , Sinha Mahapatra Susanta , Ruidas Bidhan Chandra
Published: September 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of various advanced engineering strategies and controlled synthesis of copper–sulfide compounds for enhanced electrochemical CO2reduction to valuable products.
Event‐triggered anti‐disturbance control for switched singular systems based on the uncertainty and disturbance estimator
Authors: Yang Anqing , Ma Shuping
Published: September 2024

This article studies the event‐triggered anti‐disturbance control problem for switched singular systems (SSSs) based on the uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE). First, a composite controller consisting of feedback control and anti‐disturbance control based on UDE is proposed. By constructing the multiple Lyapunov functions and using the average dwell time (ADT) method, sufficient conditions are given to ensure that the closed‐loop system is regular, impulse‐free and globally uniformly asymptotically stable (GUAS). Further, in order to save resources, the event‐triggered control method is introduced into the feedback control, and a novel hybrid event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is proposed, which guarantees that asynchronous switching and Zeno behavior are excluded. And the solvable conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are given. Finally, the validity of the proposed results is verified by the simulations.
Network control based load frequency control considering the transmission delay
Authors: Zhang Boming , Iu Herbert , Zhang Xinan , Chau Tat Kei
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a network‐based controller to regulate frequency within power systems. The primary objective of this investigation is to ensure the stability of power systems experiencing delays in control signal transmission. Initially, a modified networked predictor is proposed to anticipate future signals within a decentralized load frequency control framework. Subsequently, a timestamp technique is employed to actively compensate for the impact of transmission delays. Additionally, an event trigger mechanism is incorporated to complement the extended state observer and optimize signal transmission resource usage. The outcomes of the study indicate that the proposed method effectively mitigates delay effects while maintaining superior performance. Moreover, the proposed method remarkably reduces the required transmission resources.
Online demand peak shaving with machine‐learned advice in digital twins
Authors: Feng Minxi , Li Wei , Qin Boyu , Zomaya Albert Y.
Published: September 2024

As the use of physical instruments grows, control algorithms are being increasingly deployed to enhance efficiency and reliability through digital twin technology. Demand load management is central to energy systems within digital twins, which significantly impacts operational costs. Peak demand loads can lead to substantial monthly utility expenses without proper management. AMPAMOD, a randomised online algorithm incorporating machine‐learned insights is introduced to optimise battery operations and mitigate peak demand loads. AMPAMOD leverages limited‐bit information from machine learning models to inform its online decision‐making process for cost‐effective load management. We provide theoretical evidence demonstrating that AMPAMOD maintains minimal advice complexity, has a linear computational cost, and achieves a bounded competitive ratio. Extensive trace‐driven experiments with real‐world household data reveal that AMPAMOD successfully reduces peak loads by over 90%, outperforming other benchmarks by at least 50%. These experimental findings align with our theoretical assertions, showcasing the effectiveness of AMPAMOD.
Determination of electron‐hole pair creation energy in Cd0.9Zn0.1Te0.98Se0.02 quaternary semiconductor for room‐temperature gamma‐ray detection
Authors: Chaudhuri Sandeep K. , Nag Ritwik , Roy Utpal N. , James Ralph B. , Mandal Krishna C.
Published: September 2024

We report the first‐time measurement of the electron‐hole pair (ehp) creation energy (Wehp) in novel Cd0.9Zn0.1Te0.98Se0.02 (CZTS) quaternary semiconductor. CZTS in single crystalline form is poised to be the future of large‐volume room‐temperature gamma‐ray detectors due to its excellent compositional homogeneity with highly reduced defects, high‐Z (atomic number) constituents, wide bandgap (1.6 eV), and superior charge transport properties. Despite a great deal of study of the material and device properties since its inception, the Wehp in CZTS has not been measured experimentally. Accurate determination of Wehp is essential for calibration of the spectrometer and other theoretical calculations. In this study we have used an absolute calibration approach, which is based on an iterative approach that yields the Wehp as the best‐fit parameter. Using a 241Am alpha emitting radioisotope and a planar CZTS detector, the Wehp in CZTS was calculated to be 4.47 eV. The obtained value has been validated by accurately predicting the peak energy for gamma rays emitted by a 137Cs source and read by a CZTS detector with different dimensions. The dependences of the calculated Wehp value on the detector dimensions, type of interaction, and effect of charge trapping are also discussed.
A NoisyNet deep reinforcement learning method for frequency regulation in power systems
Authors: Zhang Boming , Iu Herbert , Zhang Xinan , Chau Tat Kei
Published: September 2024

This study thoroughly investigates the NoisyNet Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) for frequency regulation. Compared with the conventional DDPG method, the suggested method can provide several benefits. First, the parameter noise will explore different strategies more thoroughly and can potentially discover better policies that it might miss if only action noise were used, which helps the actor achieve an optimal control strategy, resulting in enhanced dynamic response. Second, by employing the delayed policy update policy work with the proposed framework, the training process exhibits faster convergence, enabling rapid adaptation to changing disturbances. To substantiate its efficacy, the scheme is subjected to simulation tests on both an IEEE three‐area power system, an IEEE 39 bus power system, and an IEEE 68 bus system. A comprehensive performance comparison was performed against other DDPG‐based methods to validate and evaluate the performance of the proposed LFC scheme.
Automatic classification of bird species related to power line faults using deep convolution features and ECOC‐SVM model
Authors: Qiu Zhibin , Zhou Zhibiao , Wan Zhoutao
Published: September 2024

Bird‐related outages greatly threaten the safety of overhead transmission and distribution lines, while electrocution and collisions of birds with power lines, especially endangered species, are significant environmental concerns. Automatic bird recognition can be helpful to mitigate this contradiction. This paper proposes a method for automatic classification of bird species related to power line faults combining deep convolution features with error‐correcting output codes support vector machine (ECOC‐SVM). An image dataset of about 20 high‐risk and 20 low‐risk bird species was constructed, and the feed‐forward denoising convolutional neural network was used for image preprocessing. The deep convolution features of bird images were extracted by DarkNet‐53, and taken as inputs of the ECOC‐SVM for model training and bird species classification. The gradient‐weighted class activation mapping was used for visual explanations of the model decision region. The experimental results indicate that the average accuracy of the proposed method can reach 94.39%, and its performance was better than other models using different feature extraction networks and classification algorithms.
Driver distraction and fatigue detection in images using ME‐YOLOv8 algorithm
Authors: Debsi Ali , Ling Guo , Al‐Mahbashi Mohammed , Al‐Soswa Mohammed , Abdullah Abdulkareem
Published: September 2024

Driving while inattentive or fatigued significantly contributes to traffic accidents and puts road users at a significantly higher risk of collision. The rise in road accidents due to driver inattention resulting from distractive objects, for example, mobile phones, drinking, or tiredness, requires intelligent traffic monitoring systems to promote road safety. However, outdated detection technologies cannot handle the poor accuracy and the lack of real‐time processing possibility especially when combined with the variations of driving environment. This paper introduces “ME‐YOLOv8” which operates driver`s distraction and fatigue through a modified version of YOLOv8, which includes modules multi‐head self‐attention (MHSA) and efficient channel attention (ECA) modules applied, where the goal of MHSA is to improve the sensitivity of global features and the ECA attentions focus on critical features. Additionally, a dataset was created containing 3660 images covering multiple distracted and drowsy driver scenarios. The results reflect the enhanced detection capabilities of ME‐YOLOv8 and demonstrate its effectiveness in real‐time scenarios. This study demonstrates a significant advancement in the application of AI to public safety and highlights the critical role that state‐of‐the‐art deep learning algorithms play in lowering the risks associated with distracted and tired driving.
Multi‐agent multi‐dimensional joint optimisation of jamming decision‐making against multi‐functional radar
Authors: Sun Minhong , Yin Shuai , Zeng Deguo
Published: September 2024

The authors propose a multi‐agent, multi‐dimensional joint optimisation decision‐making strategy to tackle the challenges jammers encounter when interfering with multi‐functional radars, which possess advanced anti‐interference capabilities. The strategy is divided into optimising the interference style and three parameters: timing, power, and duration, to enhance interference effectiveness. Furthermore, state value reuse is combined with the duelling double deep Q‐learning and multi‐agent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithms to effectively manage the multi‐dimensional optimisation of the interference strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms Ant‐QL, heuristic accelerated Q‐learning, and asynchronous advantage actor‐critic algorithms in terms of convergence speed and stability. It identifies a more efficient strategy for transitioning the radar from its initial state to the state with the lowest threat level to the jammer, achieving a 24% improvement in convergence speed. Additionally, the performance curve exhibits better stability.
On fractional Hardy-type inequalities in general open sets
Authors: Cinti Eleonora , Prinari Francesca
Published: September 2024

We show that, when sp > N, the sharp Hardy constant hs,p of the punctured space ℝN \ {0} in the Sobolev–Slobodeckiĭ space provides an optimal lower bound for the Hardy constant hs,p(Ω) of an open set Ω ⊂ ℝN. The proof exploits the characterization of Hardy’s inequality in the fractional setting in terms of positive local weak supersolutions of the relevant Euler–Lagrange equation and relies on the construction of suitable supersolutions by means of the distance function from the boundary of Ω. Moreover, we compute the limit of hs,p as s ↗ 1, as well as the limit when p ↗ ∞. Finally, we apply our results to establish a lower bound for the non-local eigenvalue λs,p(Ω) in terms of hs,p when sp > N, which, in turn, gives an improved Cheeger inequality whose constant does not vanish as p ↗ ∞.
Einlage von Wunddrainagen bei offenen thorakolumbalen Spondylodesen
Authors: Rappert Denis , Hammer Alexander , Schnake Klaus John
Published: September 2024

Die Umfrage untersuchte die Verwendung von Wunddrainagen nach offenen Wirbelsäuleneingriffen in Deutschland. Von 2400 befragten Teilnehmern der Deutschen Wirbelsäulengesellschaft (DWG) und der Sektion Wirbelsäule der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU) antworteten 441. Diese repräsentierten Praxen und Kliniken unterschiedlicher Größen, wobei fast 30% Oberärzte, leitende Ärzte oder Chefärzte waren.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die überwiegende Mehrheit (74,9%) der Befragten fast immer eine Wunddrainage einlegt. Diese wird in 98,7% der Fälle subfaszial platziert. Annähernd gleich häufig kommen eine bzw. mehrere Drainagen zur Anwendung, wobei Drainagen mit Sog (64,9%) überwiegen. Die Entscheidung für die Einlage einer Drainage ist heterogen. Der Zeitpunkt des Drainagezugs variiert, wobei die Mehrheit angibt, die Drainage am ersten (40,4%) oder zweiten Tag (63,0%) nach der Operation zu entfernen. Als Kriterium für den Zug wird am häufigsten eine Fördermenge von weniger als 50 ml in 24 Stunden genannt (34,6%). Bei Duraverletzung wird im Allgemeinen auf einen Sog verzichtet (64,8%). In Bezug auf die Effekte von Wunddrainagen herrscht Uneinigkeit. Während die Mehrheit (81,6% bzw. 73,4%) der Meinung ist, dass Drainagen Hämatome verhindern bzw. neurologische Defizite reduzieren können, wurden die Fragen nach einer erhöhten Wundinfektionsrate (73,4%), einem höheren Blutverlust (72,9%) und einer gesteigerten Wahrscheinlichkeit für die Verabreichung postoperativer Blutprodukte (85,9%) negativ beantwortet.

Diese Umfrage mit 441 Teilnehmern ist die größte in deutschsprachigen Ländern. Obwohl Drainagen bei Fusionsoperationen üblich sind, variieren die Praktiken stark und die Evidenz für ihre Wirksamkeit bleibt unklar. Eine Standardisierung des Einsatzes von Drainagen und weitere Forschung zu deren Auswirkungen auf die Ergebnisse sind für eine bessere klinische Praxis erforderlich.
Rechte der Kinder stärken – Adultismus vermeiden
Authors: Tabea Begemann Jorah
Published: September 2024

Werden Freiheit und Selbstbestimmung eines Kindes durch eine erwachsene Person lediglich aufgrund des Alters verletzt, spricht man von Adultismus. Erwachsene gehen dann zum Beispiel davon aus, bessere Entscheidungen als Kinder treffen zu können, nur weil sie älter sind. Wie man dieser Diskriminierungsform begegnet, beschreibt Jorah Begemann.
Kinder und Jugendliche mit Herausforderungen in der sensorischen Verarbeitung – AOTA-Leitlinie: Sensorische Integration
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: September 2024

Viele Kinder und Jugendliche haben Schwierigkeiten, sensorischen Input angemessen zu integrieren und zu verarbeiten. Dies kann sich auf ihre Betätigungsperformanz und Partizipation auswirken. Was aber können Ergotherapeut*innen dieser Zielgruppe anbieten? In der aktualisierten AOTA-Leitlinie werten Forschende vorhandene Evidenz zu dieser Frage aus und bieten eine fundierte Orientierung für die praktische Arbeit im Bereich der sensorischen Integration (SI). Florence Kranz fasst ausgewählte Inhalte zusammen.
Geschichten verbinden – Occupational Storytelling
Authors: Gätz Natalie
Published: September 2024

In einem Workshop erarbeitete der Kurs ET35 der Ludwig-Fresenius-Schulen Koblenz die betätigungswissenschaftlichen Wurzeln des Occupational Storytelling mit Einsatzmöglichkeiten in Ausbildung und Praxis. Wie man es in der Ergotherapie nutzen kann und welche Erfahrungen sie im Workshop gemacht haben, beschreiben die Lernenden im Artikel.
Kontaktallergien auf Inhaltsstoffe von Schutzhandschuhen: Aktuelle Erkenntnisse
Authors: Brans Richard , Hansen Andreas
Published: September 2024

Handschuhe werden in vielen Berufen, aber auch im privaten Bereich zum Schutz der Hände
eingesetzt. Abhängig vom Material und den Herstellungsprozessen können in Schutzhandschuhen
verschiedene Allergene enthalten sein. Überwiegend handelt es sich hierbei um Kontaktallergene
(z.B. Vulkanisationsbeschleuniger), die Spättypsensibilisierungen hervorrufen und beim Tragen
der Handschuhe zu allergischen Kontaktekzemen führen können. Zur Abklärung von Handekzemen bei
Personen, die Schutzhandschuhe verwenden, ist die Durchführung eines Epikutantests angezeigt.
Nur so können Allergien auf Inhaltsstoffe von Handschuhen identifiziert und geeignete
Handschuhalternativen ausgewählt werden. Da derartige Alternativen nicht immer zur Verfügung
stehen, kann im ungünstigsten Fall eine Allergie gegenüber Handschuhinhaltsstoffen auch die
Aufgabe einer beruflichen Tätigkeit zur Folge haben. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit
Allergenen in Schutzhandschuhen, der diagnostischen Abklärung sowie den sich hieraus
ergebenden Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätzen für die Handschuhversorgung.
DNA-Plasmid-Vakzine steigert Wirkung der Immuntherapie
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Durch synergistische Effekte einer Vakzinierung mit dem synthetisch hergestellten humanen IgG1-Antikörper SCIB1 kann die Wirksamkeit von Immuntherapeutika beim fortgeschrittenen malignen Melanom offenbar deutlich gesteigert werden. Erste Ergebnisse der Phase-II-Studie SCOPE (NCT04079166) wurden von Prof. Lindy Durrant, Nottingham, UK, auf der Jahrestagung der American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) vorgestellt [1].
Bleeding Risk in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Englisch Cornelia , Vladic Nikola , Ay Cihan
Published: September 2024

The hemostatic system and cancer display a tight interconnection, and hemostatic imbalance frequently occurs in patients with cancer. While extensive knowledge about thrombotic risk has been generated, less is known about bleeding risk and associated risk factors. However, bleeding risk is of high significance as patients with cancer frequently receive therapeutic anticoagulation for various indications and/or are candidates for primary thromboprophylaxis. The risk of bleeding in patients with cancer is variable and difficult to assess in clinical practice. Certain clinical settings such as hospitalization, specific underlying risk factors (e.g., tumor type), and medications (e.g., anticoagulation) can contribute to the individual bleeding risk of a patient with cancer. In addition, some dynamic factors such as platelet count or kidney function have an impact. Particularly, data on baseline risk of bleeding are lacking to allow for risk assessment in cancer patients without anticoagulation. In contrast, risk assessment models for the prediction of bleeding events in cancer patients receiving anticoagulation have been developed; however, these have yet to be validated. The recognition of the importance of bleeding risk in cancer patients is growing, leading to an increasing number of studies investigating and reporting bleeding complications. As study designs and reporting of bleeding events vary, it is challenging to offer a clear synthesis of evidence. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of currently available data about incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of bleeding events in patients with cancer, and critically review risk assessment models for bleeding in cancer patients during anticoagulant therapy.
Neues aus der Adjuvanz
Authors: Pömmerl Mascha
Published: September 2024

Vom 6.–8. Juni fand in Dresden der 43. Jahreskongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Senologie statt. Das Programm des interdisziplinären Fortbildungskongresses war weit gefächert. Der folgende Bericht fokussiert auf die adjuvante Therapie des Hormonrezeptor-positiven (HR +) Mammakarzinoms.
Jugendliche empowern – Model of Occupational Wholeness
Authors: Kufner Sarah
Published: September 2024

Jugendliche während der sensiblen Transition ins Erwachsenenleben zu begleiten, kann ein Teil der Ergotherapie sein. Sarah Kufner beschreibt, wie Ergotherapeut*innen das Model of Occupational Wholeness (MOW) nutzen können, um Heranwachsende in ihrem Erleben von Autonomie, Selbstwirksamkeit und Handlungsfähigkeit zu empowern.
Rezidivierende CD30-positive kutane lymphoproliferative Erkrankung
Authors: Kamenica Erdisa , Wesselmann Ulrich , Schmalz Oliver , Hofmann Silke C.
Published: September 2024

Die CD30-positiven primär kutanen lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen stellen nach der Mycosis fungoides die zweithäufigste Form der kutanen T-Zell-Lymphome dar. Diese Gruppe umfasst die lymphomatoide Papulose (LyP), das primär kutane anaplastische großzellige Lymphom (pcALCL) und Borderline-Läsionen.

Therapeutisch findet bei lokalisierten Läsionen eine topische oder intraläsionale Steroidgabe Anwendung.

Bei disseminiertem Befund kommen u. a. Methotrexat, PUVA oder Brentuximab-Vedotin therapeutisch in Betracht. Wir stellen hier eine 60-jährige Patientin vor, deren Klinik die Heterogenität dieser Erkrankungen und einen wechselhaften Verlauf über nahezu 3 Jahre zeigt.
Palliativmedizinische Aspekte der Pneumo-Onkologie
Authors: Heigener David , Delis Sandra
Published: September 2024

Die Palliativmedizin ist integraler Bestandteil der Therapie des fortgeschrittenen und metastasierten Lungenkarzinoms. Die strukturierte palliativmedizinische Begleitung der Patienten ab Diagnosestellung führt zu einer deutlich verbesserten Lebensqualität und eventuell sogar zu einer Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit. Neben der Symptomkontrolle sollte auch die Krankheitsperspektive regelmäßig neu evaluiert und mit dem Patienten und seinen Zugehörigen offen kommuniziert werden.
Nach 5 Jahren weiterhin tiefgreifendes und dauerhaftes Ansprechen
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Prof. William Wierda, Houston, Texas, USA, stellte auf dem ASCO die 5-Jahres-Daten der Phase-II-Studie CAPTIVATE (NCT02910583) vor. Sie zeigen, dass unter der Kombination Ibrutinib plus Venetoclax in der Erstlinientherapie der chronisch lymphatischen Leukämie (CLL) und/oder des kleinzelligen lymphozytischen Lymphoms (SLL) auch im Langzeitverlauf eine klinisch relevante Reduktion des progressionsfreien Überlebens (PFS) und eine tiefe Remission erreicht wird, auch bei Patient*innen mit Hochrisikomerkmalen [1].
„… eine Variante der Entwicklung […], die nur der Behandlung bedarf, wenn psychisches Leiden hieraus erwächst …“
Authors: Meyenburg Bernd , Briken Peer
Published: September 2024

Im vorliegenden Interview geht es um das Wirken von Bernd Meyenburg, welcher 1989 die erste deutsche Spezialsprechstunde für geschlechtsinkongruente Kinder und Jugendliche aufbaute. Im Gespräch mit Peer Briken erzählt er unter anderem von seiner Motivation für das Medizinstudium, die ersten prägenden Kontakte mit der Sexualwissenschaft und mit Volkmar Sigusch in Hamburg, seine psychiatrische Facharztweiterbildung in New York und schließlich seine Tätigkeit in der Frankfurter Abteilung für Sexualwissenschaft. Ein Fokus des Interviews liegt auf der Entwicklungen in der Behandlung von Geschlechtsinkongruenz und Geschlechtsdysphorie, wie sie in den letzten Jahrzehnten stattgefunden haben.
Personalisierte Medizin für eine effiziente und nachhaltigere Versorgung von Patient*innen
Authors: Ruhm Kristina
Published: September 2024

Wie gelingt es, die Chancen der personalisierten Medizin (PM) für die Gestaltung einer effizienteren und nachhaltigeren Versorgung von Patient*innen zu nutzen? Das DNPM hat aus diesem Anlass am 18. Juni 2024 zu einem Jahreskongress eingeladen und damit erfolgreich eine Plattform für einen konstruktiven Dialog im Dreiklang zwischen Versorgung, Wirtschaft und Forschung geschaffen.
Diagnostik und Therapie der exogen-allergischen Alveolitis
Authors: Koschel Dirk , Behr Jürgen , Berger Melanie , Bonella Francesco , Hamer Okka , Joest Marcus , Jonigk Danny , Kreuter Michael , Leuschner Gabriela , Nowak Dennis , Raulf Monika , Rehbock Beate , Schreiber Jens , Sitter Helmut , Theegarten Dirk , Costabel Ulrich ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. (DGP) (federführende Fachgesellschaft) und,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und klinische Immunologie e. V. (DGAKI),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pathologie e. V. (DGP),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin e. V. (DGAUM),   Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft e. V. (DRG),   Bundesverband Deutscher Pathologen e. V. (BDP)
Published: September 2024

Die exogen-allergische Alveolitis (EAA) ist eine immunvermittelte interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen (ILD) bei zuvor sensibilisierten Personen, bedingt durch die Inhalation einer Vielzahl von möglichen Antigenen. Die Verlaufsform der akuten EAA wird häufig fehldiagnostiziert, die chronische, insbesondere chronisch-fibrotische Form ist differenzialdiagnostisch oft schwierig von anderen fibrotischen ILDs zu unterscheiden. Die vorliegende Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie ersetzt die deutschen Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik der EAA von 2007 und ergänzt diese explizit um den Aspekt der chronischen, insbesondere chronisch-fibrotischen Form der EAA sowie erstmals auch um Therapieempfehlungen. Auf Grundlage der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Evidenz wurden durch eine multidisziplinäre Expertengruppe zu 12 Fragen konsentierte Empfehlungen erstellt, die wichtige zusammenfassende Aussagen zur Diagnosefindung und zu therapeutischen Strategien bei Patienten mit einer EAA enthalten. Andere aktuelle nationale und internationale Leitlinien zur EAA und ILDs wurden berücksichtigt. Ausführliche Hintergrundtexte mit allgemeinen Informationen zur EAA dienen dem vertieften Verständnis und dem Umgang mit den Empfehlungen.
Neue diagnostische Verfahren in der Computertomographie der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Vogl Thomas J. , Reschke Philipp , Booz Christian
Published: September 2024

Die Dual-Energy-CT wurde 2005 in den klinischen Alltag integriert und führte erstmalig
durch die Zwei- und Mehrmaterialdifferenzierungen zu neuen Anwendungen in der bildgebenden
Diagnostik der Wirbelsäule, z.B. die Messung der Knochenmineraldichte, die Darstellung des
Knochenmark- und Weichteilödems oder die Darstellung von Bandscheibenextrusionen. Die
Berechnung virtuell monoenergetischer Bilder (VMI) aus Dual-Energy-CT-Daten ermöglicht die
Bildrekonstruktion auf verschiedenen keV-Niveaus. Niedrigenergetische VMI Rekonstruktionen im
Dual-Energy-CT können die Kontrastauflösung erhöhen, führen jedoch zu erhöhtem Bildrauschen.
Diese gesteigerte Kontrastauflösung ermöglicht z.B. eine verbesserte Darstellung von
Weichteiltumoren, die in den Spinalkanal infiltrieren. Hochenergetische VMI Rekonstruktionen
im Dual-Energy-CT werden verwendet, um Strahlaufhärtungsartefakte, z.B. bei spinaler Fusion,
zu minimieren. Iterative Bildnachverarbeitungsalgorithmen reduzieren das Bildrauschen. Die
photonenzählende CT wurde 2021 auf den Markt gebracht und bietet zahlreiche Vorteile gegenüber
früheren Generationen, darunter eine verbesserte räumliche Auflösung, eine reduzierte
Strahlendosis und die Fähigkeit, Multi-Energy-Datensätze auf verschiedenen keV-Niveaus mit
einer einzigen Röntgenröhre zu erfassen. KI-Anwendungen können Radiologen bei der
Lokalisierung und Identifikation von Wirbelkörpern, der Erkennung von Wirbelkörperfrakturen
sowie dem Auffinden von Malignom-suspekten Knochenläsionen unterstützen.
Reversible Thrombocytopenia of Functional Platelets after Nose-Horned Viper Envenomation Is Induced by a Snaclec
Authors: Dobaja Borak Mojca , Leonardi Adrijana , Požek Kity , Reberšek Katarina , Podgornik Helena , Pirnat Aljaž , Trampuš Bakija Alenka , Kranjc Brezar Simona , Trobec Tomaž , Žužek Monika C. , Frangež Robert , Brvar Miran , Križaj Igor
Published: September 2024

Profound and transient thrombocytopenia of functional platelets without bleeding was observed in patients envenomed by Vipera a. ammodytes (Vaa). This condition was rapidly reversed by administration of F(ab)2 fragments of immunoglobulin G targeting the whole venom, leaving platelets fully functional. To investigate the potential role of snake venom C-type lectin-like proteins (snaclecs) in this process, Vaa-snaclecs were isolated from the crude venom using different liquid chromatographies. The purity of the isolated proteins was confirmed by Edman sequencing and mass spectrometry. The antithrombotic effect was investigated by platelet agglutination and aggregation assays and blood coagulation tests. Using flow cytometry, the platelet activation and binding of Vaa-snaclecs to various platelet receptors was analyzed. Antithrombotic efficacy was tested in vivo using a mouse model of vascular injury. Two Vaa-snaclecs were purified from the venom. One of them, Vaa-snaclec-3/2, inhibited ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. It is a covalent heterodimer of Vaa-snaclec-3 (α-subunit) and Vaa-snaclec-2 (β-subunit). Our results suggest that Vaa-snaclec-3/2 induces platelet agglutination and consequently thrombocytopenia by binding to the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib. Essentially, no platelet activation was observed in this process. In vivo, Vaa-snaclec-3/2 was able to protect the mouse from ferric chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis, revealing its applicative potential in interventional angiology and cardiology.
Medially Based “Abdominal Rotation Advancement Flap”: A Promising Technique for Mastectomy Defect Reconstruction in “High-Risk Patients” Awaiting Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Authors: Harish Praveen , Srinath Kathi , Vivek Swamy , Gandupalli Santosh Kumar , Kadam Yogesh , Kavya G.
Published: September 2024

Background Extensive postmastectomy defects and soft-tissue defects often require some additional flap cover of reconstruction after excision. The reconstruction aim in this group should be a diligent and easy closure with a quality skin cover, early recovery, and brief stay in hospital so that the patients can receive early postoperative radiotherapy/chemotherapy. Medially based abdominal transposition flap is a type C fasciocutaneous flap based on medial perforating vessels. We present our experience in significant postmastectomy defects, especially in high-risk morbid patients.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study conducted by the department of plastic surgery, from an analysis of the breast cancer database maintained by our hospital from 2019 to 2023. A total of 826 breast cancer patients underwent surgery, of which 547 were locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients and 138 (32.5%) LABC patients needed flap cover for mastectomy defect. Medially based abdominal transposition flap was used in 56 of 138 (40.5%) LABC patients for defect closure, and 42 of the 56 patients were stage IIIB patients. Upfront surgery was primarily done in 20 patients and 36 patients underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This analysis aimed to assess the operative duration, postoperative morbidity, hospital stay, and time taken to start adjuvant treatment by analyzing the medical records of patients who underwent this procedure.

Results Fifty-six patients with breast cancer underwent surgical intervention, whereby 8 patients presented with tip and edge necrosis, and 3 patients were infected. The mean duration of operation was 58.852 minutes, and the average length of hospital stay was 5.39 days. It took 24.57 days for the patients to stabilize sufficiently for adjuvant therapy. The average age of the patients in the study was 48.73 years.

Conclusion Our clinical experience has demonstrated that the medial abdominal transposition fasciocutaneous (MATF) flap represents a straightforward, reliable, and cost-effective method for managing extensive postmastectomy soft-tissue defects in a subset of patients with LABC. This group typically consists of high-risk and comorbid patients. The procedure holds considerable promise for developing countries with limited infrastructure and expertise, owing to its ease of execution and short learning curve. By its simplicity and affordability, the MATF flap offers a viable and sustainable solution for treating LABC-associated soft-tissue defects.
Study on Preparation Technology and Quality Standard of Acne Granules
Authors: Dai Bo , Wang Fang , Geng Yan , Chen Chen , Zhou Min , Hang Lingyu
Published: September 2024

The study aimed to optimize the preparation process of acne granules and establish their quality standards. In this work, the extraction process of Chinese herbal extract was optimized by the amount of water added, the number of decoction, the extraction time, and the soaking time with extraction yield as an evaluation index. The indexes of the acne granules such as molding rate, dissolvability, angle of repose, moisture content, and ease of preparation were evaluated. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to identify Salviae, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Indigowoad Leaf. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the baicalin content in the granules. Based on orthogonal and single-factor experiments, the optimized extraction process of the prescription of nine medicinal materials was as follows: soaked in cold water for 2 hours, boiled three times, decocted with eight times the amount of water for 1.5 hours for the first time, and six times the amount of water for 1 hour for the second and third times. The combined extracts were concentrated to a relative density of 1.30 to 1.40 (20–30°C), and mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of extract to excipient 1:5, and dextrin: powdered sugar = 1:3. The mixture was granulated, dried, prepared into granules, and the acne granules were formed at a molding rate of 95.52% and a critical relative humidity of 82%. The spots in TLC were clear and easy to identify. The HPLC result showed that the content of baicalin was not less than 1.0 mg/g. The study provides a valuable reference for the production and preparation of the granules through optimization of the wet process and the excipient dosage. Furthermore, the established TLC method for the identification and the HPLC method for baicalin quantification laid the foundation for the quality control of the preparation in future studies.
Country-level dynamic capabilities and inward FDI: a framework on future policy adaptations applied to post-Brexit UK
Authors: Driffield Nigel , Surdu Irina , Yuan Xiaocan
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to establish a policy framework for those responsible for maximising the opportunities of inward foreign direct investment (FDI). Our proposed framework intellectualises the need for dynamic capabilities at the country level (national and local) to sense and seize new opportunities from inward FDI, use this knowledge to mobilise resources and, over time, make changes to reconfigure the UK’s location-specific advantages in a post-Brexit marketplace. Using the backdrop of the UK’s decision to exit the European Union in May 2016 (Brexit) alongside other global challenges (the COVID-19-induced supply chain crisis, political unrest, wars, new trade deals), we explore the changing nature of FDI entering the UK. We explain why an adaptive investment promotion strategy means greater and more widespread benefits of inward FDI for the economy. Then, we propose a policy-oriented dynamic framework for how the benefits of FDI can be maximised during political upheaval. In our analysis and discussion, we highlight how changes in foreign firms’ FDI motives can alter the UK’s value proposition, and over time, the nature of a country’s specific advantages.
Quantitative piezoelectric measurements of partially released Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 structures
Authors: Tipsawat Pannawit , Zheng Xiaojun , Tran Quyen T. , Jackson Thomas N. , Trolier-McKinstry Susan
Published: September 2024

The effective large signal longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (d33,f∗) of piezoelectric thin films on rigid substrates has been widely investigated. Unclamped piezoelectric thin films are predicted to have a higher d33,f∗ coefficient due to reduced constraints on piezoelectric strain, domain reorientation, and domain wall motion, but quantitative measurements of this coefficient have been limited. This study uses microfabrication techniques along with double-beam laser interferometry (DBLI) to accurately determine the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films in partially released piezomicroelectromechanical structures. A two-step backside release process was used: first, deep reactive ion etching to create backside vias and second, wet etching of the ZnO sacrificial layer to release the area beneath the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films. Post wet etching, optical profilometry showed concavely deformed diaphragms resulting from asymmetrical stress profiles through the diaphragm thickness. DBLI was then used to examine diaphragm deflection under an applied unipolar voltage ranging from 0 to 10 V. Devices with 50% and 75% of the area beneath the top electrode released exhibited large signal d33,f∗ values of 410 ± 6 and 420 ± 8 pm/V, respectively, more than three times higher than the d33,f∗ value of the clamped samples: 126 ± 13 pm/V. The reasons contributing to the large d33,f∗ include (i) the change in stress levels due to the release process, (ii) the elimination of mechanical constraints from substrate clamping, and (iii) enhanced domain reorientation. These findings confirm that substrate declamping significantly boosts the piezoelectric coefficient, bringing d33,f∗ closer to the bulk longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (d33).
A machine-learning interatomic potential to study dry/wet oxidation process of silicon
Authors: Li Huyang , Jing Yuhang , Liu Zhongli , Cong Lingzhi , Zhao Junqing , Sun Yi , Li Weiqi , Yan Jihong , Yang Jianqun , Li Xingji
Published: September 2024

We developed an accurate and efficient machine learning potential with DFT accuracy and applied it to the silicon dry/wet oxidation process to investigate the underlying physics of thermal oxidation of silicon (001) surfaces. The accuracy of the potential was verified by comparing the melting point and structural properties of silicon, the structural properties of a-SiO2, and the adsorption properties on the silicon surface with experiment and DFT data. In subsequent thermal oxidation simulations, we successfully reproduced the accelerated growth phenomenon of the wet oxidation in the experiment, discussed the oxide growth process in detail, and elucidated that the accelerated growth is due to hydrogen in the system that both enhances the adsorption of oxygen on the silicon surface and promotes the migration of oxygen atoms. Finally, we annealed the oxidized structure, counted the defect information in the structure before and after annealing, and analyzed the defect evolution behavior during the annealing process.