bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congestive Heart Failure Clinics: How to Make Them Work in a Community-Based Hospital System
Authors: Larned Joshua , Kabach Mohamad , Tamariz Leonardo , Raimondo Kristine
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Congestive heart failure (CHF) accounts for over $32 billion in health care costs per year and is at the epicenter of health care reform. CHF remains a major cause of hospitalizations. It is known and has been reported that missed diagnosis of and missed opportunities to treat heart failure are associated with higher mortality and morbidity. CHF disease management programs have emerged as a potential solution to the CHF epidemic. The paradox remains that CHF disease management programs still cluster in tertiary hospital systems. The impact of heart failure specialists and specialty teams in community health systems is less well understood. Currently there are not enough CHF-trained teams in the community setting to address this unmet health need.

Methods: We explored the impact of CHF clinics in a community-based hospital system on readmission rates, mortality, and symptomatic relief. A total of 384 patients were enrolled in the clinic between 2012 and 2015. Data collected included age, sex, type of heart failure, New York Heart Association class, ejection fraction, serum creatinine and brain natriuretic peptide values, and readmission and mortality rates within 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. We also compared readmission rates between patients who were followed up in the CHF clinic versus those who were not seen in the CHF clinic.

Results: A statistically significant difference was demonstrated in readmission rates between patients who were followed up in the CHF clinic versus those who did not visit the CHF clinic for up to 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusion: CHF community hospital clinics that use a rapid and frequent follow-up format with CHF-trained teams effectively reduce rehospitalization rates up to 1 year.
Heart Failure Issues and Management: A European Perspective
Authors: Dominguez-Rodriguez Alberto , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Julia , Belleyo-Belkasem Carima , Abreu-Gonzalez Pedro
Published: November 2015

Heart failure poses an increasing problem for global health care systems. The epidemiological data which have been accrued over the last 30 years have predominantly been accumulated from experience within North America and Europe. The European experience in heart failure, although similar to that in North America, has recently demonstrated differences in hospitalization which may underlie the differences between health care system configurations. Despite the predicted increase in the number of patients affected by heart failure, over the last 30 years a clear management algorithm has evolved for the use of pharmacotherapies, device-based therapies, and mechanical therapies, including left ventricular assist devices and cardiac transplantation. Although the treatment of such patients has been clearly delineated in national and international guidelines, the underuse of all available and appropriate therapies remains a significant problem. The purpose of this review is to provide a European perspective on management of heart failure.
BIX-01294 increases pig cloning efficiency by improving epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei
Authors: Huang Jiaojiao , Zhang Hongyong , Yao Jing , Qin Guosong , Wang Feng , Wang Xianlong , Luo Ailing , Zheng Qiantao , Cao Chunwei , Zhao Jianguo
Published: November 2015

Accumulating evidence suggests that faulty epigenetic reprogramming leads to the abnormal development of cloned embryos and results in the low success rates observed in all mammals produced through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The aberrant methylation status of H3K9me and H3K9me2 has been reported in cloned mouse embryos. To explore the role of H3K9me2 and H3K9me in the porcine somatic cell nuclear reprogramming, BIX-01294, known as a specific inhibitor of G9A (histone-lysine methyltransferase of H3K9), was used to treat the nuclear-transferred (NT) oocytes for 14–16 h after activation. The results showed that the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos was significantly enhanced bothin vitro(blastocyst rate 16.4% vs 23.2%,P<0.05) andin vivo(cloning rate 1.59% vs 2.96%) after 50 nm BIX-01294 treatment. BIX-01294 treatment significantly decreased the levels of H3K9me2 and H3K9me at the 2- and 4-cell stages, which are associated with embryo genetic activation, and increased the transcriptional expression of the pluripotency genesSOX2,NANOGandOCT4in cloned blastocysts. Furthermore, the histone acetylation levels of H3K9, H4K8 and H4K12 in cloned embryos were decreased after BIX-01294 treatment. However, co-treatment of activated NT oocytes with BIX-01294 and Scriptaid rescued donor nuclear chromatin from decreased histone acetylation of H4K8 that resulted from exposure to BIX-01294 only and consequently improved the preimplantation development of SCNT embryos (blastocyst formation rates of 23.7% vs 21.5%). These results indicated that treatment with BIX-01294 enhanced the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos through improvements in epigenetic reprogramming and gene expression.
Bromeliaceae species from coastal restinga habitats, Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, and Bahia
Authors: Cogliatti-Carvalho Luciana , Rocha-Pessôa Thereza Christina , Nunes-Freitas André Felippe , Rocha Carlos Frederico Duarte
Published: November 2015

Bromeliaceae is one of the most representative plant families in restinga habitats. We analyzed the species richness and composition of Bromeliaceae in 13 restinga habitats along the Brazilian coast. We found a total of 41 species distributed along the restinga habitats studied. The restinga of Praia do Sul, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, had the highest number of species (15), whereas the restinga of Abaeté, in the state of Bahia, had the lowest (4). Our data are suggestive that the Doce River may represent the limit of distribution for some bromeliad species, with some species occurring only south of that river and others occurring only to the north of it. The differences in Bromeliaceae species composition among restinga habitats probably are not only due to differences in local environmental conditions, but also due to the geographic distribution pattern of each species and to the present degree of disturbance at each restinga.
Geochemical behaviour of trace elements during fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation of the felsic alkaline magmas of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: MOTOKI AKIHISA , SICHEL SUSANNA E. , VARGAS THAIS , MELO DEAN P. , MOTOKI KENJI F.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT This paper presents geochemical behaviour of trace elements of the felsic alkaline rocks of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with special attention of fractional crystallization and continental crust assimilation. Fractionation of leucite and K-feldspar increases Rb/K and decreases K2O/(K2O+Na2O). Primitive nepheline syenite magmas have low Zr/TiO2, Sr, and Ba. On the Nb/Y vs. Zr/TiO2 diagram, these rocks are projected on the field of alkaline basalt, basanite, and nephelinite, instead of phonolite. Well-fractionated peralkaline nepheline syenite has high Zr/TiO2 but there are no zircon. The diagrams of silica saturation index (SSI) distinguish the trends originated form fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation. In the field of SSI<-200, Zr/TiO2 and Ba/Sr have negative correlations to SSI in consequence of fractional crystallization. In the field of SSI>-200, they show positive correlations due to continental crust assimilation. Total REEs (Rare Earth Elements) is nearly 10 times that of granitic rocks, but LaN/SmN and LaN/YbN are similar. REE trend is linear and Eu anomaly is irrelevant. The pegmatitic liquid generated by country rock partial melting is SiO2-oversaturated and peraluminous with high Ba, Sr, Ba/Sr, Zr/TiO2, and SSI, with high content of fluids. This model justifies the peraluminous and SiO2-oversaturated composition of the rocks with relevant effects of continental crust assimilation.
Investigation of local anesthetic and antimycobacterial activity of Ottonia martiana Miq. (Piperaceae)
Authors: CUNICO MIRIAM M. , TREBIEN HERBERT A. , GALETTI FÁBIO C. , MIGUEL OBDULIO G. , MIGUEL MARILIS D. , AUER CELSO G. , SILVA CÉLIO L. , SOUZA ANA OLÍVIA DE
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Ottonia martiana is a plant popularly known in Brazil by the use for toothache. Ethanolic extract (EE), hexane fraction (HF), dichloromethane fraction (DF) and piperovatine obtained from O. martiana were assayed in vitro and in vivo. The acute toxicity of EE was determined, and LD50 values of 164.5 and 65.0 mg/kg by the oral and intraperitoneal routes, respectively, indicated a high toxicity for EE in vivo, explaining its popular use by topical administration only. A local anesthetic-like effect of EE and its fractions was observed in experimental models using pain induction, and such effect involved an analgesic action. The antimycobacterial activity of EE, HF, DF and piperovatine was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27924. EE, HF, DF, and piperovatine showed a potential antimycobacterial effect with MICs of 16.0, 62.0, 62.0 and 8.0 μg/mL, respectively. Piperovatine was more effective than the EE or the other fractions. The selectivity index (SI=IC50/MIC) values calculated for EE, HF, DF and piperovatine based on the MICs and the cytotoxicity against J774 macrophages (IC50 by MTT assay) revealed values of 6.43, 2.34, 1.5 and 9.66, respectively.
Floristic units and their predictors unveiled in part of the Atlantic Forest hotspot: implications for conservation planning
Authors: SAITER FELIPE Z. , EISENLOHR PEDRO V. , FRANÇA GLAUCO S. , STEHMANN JOÃO R. , THOMAS WILLIAM W. , OLIVEIRA-FILHO ARY T. DE
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT We submitted tree species occurrence and geoclimatic data from 59 sites in a river basin in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil to ordination, ANOVA, and cluster analyses with the goals of investigating the causes of phytogeographic patterns and determining whether the six recognized subregions represent distinct floristic units. We found that both climate and space were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) important in the explanation of phytogeographic patterns. Floristic variations follow thermal gradients linked to elevation in both coastal and inland subregions. A gradient of precipitation seasonality was found to be related to floristic variation up to 100 km inland from the ocean. The temperature of the warmest quarter and the precipitation during the coldest quarter were the main predictors. The subregions Sandy Coastal Plain, Coastal Lowland, Coastal Highland, and Central Depression were recognized as distinct floristic units. Significant differences were not found between the Inland Highland and the Espinhaço Range, indicating that these subregions should compose a single floristic unit encompassing all interior highlands. Because of their ecological peculiarities, the ferric outcrops within the Espinhaço Range may constitute a special unit. The floristic units proposed here will provide important information for wiser conservation planning in the Atlantic Forest hotspot.
Spatial Distribution of Eggs of Alabama argillacea Hübner and Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt and non-BtCotton
Authors: RODRIGUES TATIANA R. , FERNANDES MARCOS G. , DEGRANDE PAULO E. , MOTA THIAGO A.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Among the options to control Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1818) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius, 1781) on cotton, insecticide spraying and biological control have been extensively used. The GM'Bt' cotton has been introduced as an extremely viable alternative, but it is yet not known how transgenic plants affect populations of organisms that are interrelated in an agroecosystem. For this reason, it is important to know how the spatial arrangement of pests and beneficial insect are affected, which may call for changes in the methods used for sampling these species. This study was conducted with the goal to investigate the pattern of spatial distribution of eggs of A. argillacea and H. virescens in DeltaOpalTM (non-Bt) and DP90BTMBt cotton cultivars. Data were collected during the agricultural year 2006/2007 in two areas of 5,000 m2, located in in the district of Nova América, Caarapó municipality. In each sampling area, comprising 100 plots of 50 m2, 15 evaluations were performed on two plants per plot. The sampling consisted in counting the eggs. The aggregation index (variance/mean ratio, Morisita index and exponent k of the negative binomial distribution) and chi-square fit of the observed and expected values to the theoretical frequency distribution (Poisson, Binomial and Negative Binomial Positive), showed that in both cultivars, the eggs of these species are distributed according to the aggregate distribution model, fitting the pattern of negative binomial distribution.
Lifespan and population dynamics of the endemic South American shrimpArtemesia longinaris (Crustacea: Penaeidae) in southeastern Brazil
Authors: CASTILHO ANTONIO L. , GRABOWSKI RAPHAEL C. , SIMÕES SABRINA M. , SANTOS ANA PAULA F. , COSTA ROGÉRIO C. , FRANSOZO ADILSON
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the growth, longevity and reproductive dynamics ofArtemesia longinaris in the southeastern coast of Brazil over a two-year period. Monthly collections were conducted in Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba using a shrimp fishing boat equipped with "double-rig" nets. Each region was divided into 7 sampling stations up to 35 m deep. Size frequency distributions, growth, longevity, sex ratio, and abundance of individuals in each demographic class, were compared. The relationship between abiotic factors and abundance of each demographic class was assessed using a Canonical Correlation Analysis. A total of 64,641 individuals were collected (6,928 measured) with an estimated longevity of 1.30 (Ubatuba) and 1.14 (Caraguatatuba) years for females and 1.03 years for males in both regions. There was a statistically significant bias in sex ratio toward females (Chi-squared test, p < 0.05) in both regions. The Canonical Correlation Analysis resulted in a canonical correlation coefficient of 0.31 (p = 0.00002). Salinity and temperature showed high correlation mainly with the presence of reproductive females. In general, this demographic class was most common in conditions of low temperature and high salinity. These findings, as well as other studies carried out in colder regions with the same species, are consistent with classical latitudinal paradigm.
ARTE, MEMÓRIA, SUJEITO: BANDEIRAS NA PRAÇA GENERAL OSÓRIO 1968 / BANDEIRAS NA PRAÇA TIRADENTES 2014
Authors: Rivera Tania , Pucu Izabela
Published: November 2015

Resumo O ensaio apresenta o happening Bandeiras na Praça General Osório, realizado no Rio de Janeiro em 1968, e descreve a proposta curatorial e os trabalhos artísticos que compõem a sua retomada em 2014, na exposição Bandeiras na Praça Tiradentes, analisando o que na arte contemporânea delineia-se como um trabalho de memória, em uma verdadeira construção política do sujeito e da história.
Avaliação da atenção à saúde do adulto em um município-polo do Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG)
Authors: Paula Fabiana Angélica de , Silva Cristhiane Carvalhais Reis , Santos Delba Fonseca , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , Andrade Renata Aline de
Published: November 2015

A qualidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde é avaliada a partir da presença e extensão dos atributos essenciais e derivados. O presente estudo avaliou esses atributos (saúde do adulto) na Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município do Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG). Os dados foram coletados por meio do PCATool. Foi observado escore geral abaixo do valor considerado satisfatório (≥6,6), e escores satisfatórios foram identificados para apenas dois atributos. Percebeu-se uma melhor orientação para os atributos em apenas uma área de abrangência. Acredita-se que este trabalho poderá subsidiar futuras práticas e decisões acerca do investimento público, visando ao fortalecimento da atenção primária pelos gestores.
A gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde e a Saúde do Trabalhador: o direito que se tem e o direito que se perde
Authors: Aguiar Luciene , Vasconcellos Luiz Carlos Fadel de
Published: November 2015

Inscritas na Constituição Federal de 1988, as ações de Saúde do Trabalhador no Sistema Único de Saúde carecem de uma efetividade capaz de mudar os alarmantes indicadores epidemiológicos de acidentes e doenças do trabalho. Mesmo sendo reflexo da postura político-econômica dos governos pós-constitucionais, a gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde é determinante na omissão e, mesmo, ofensa ao que se estabelece constitucionalmente. O texto, de caráter ensaístico, baseou-se em dados atualizados da Previdência Social, e em documentos e artigos sobre o campo da Saúde do Trabalhador e da hermenêutica jurídica quanto à aplicabilidade das normas que regem as ações, especialmente de saúde pública, do Poder Executivo no Estado de Direito.
Influence of urban area on the water quality of the Campo River basin, Paraná State, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho K. Q. , Lima S. B. , Passig F. H. , Gusmão L. K. , Souza D. C. , Kreutz C. , Belini A. D. , Arantes E. J.
Published: November 2015

The Campo River basin is located on the third plateau of the Paraná State or trap plateau of Paraná, at the middle portion between the rivers Ivaí and Piquiri, southern Brazil, between the coordinates 23° 53 and 24° 10’ South Latitude and 52° 15’ and 52° 31’ West Longitude. The basin has 384 Km² area, being 247 km2 in the municipality of Campo Mourão and 137 km2 in the municipality of Peabiru, in Paraná State. The Campo River is a left bank tributary of the Mourão River, which flows into the Ivaí River. The objective of this study was to monitor water quality in the Km 119 River and the Campo River, tributaries of the Mourão River, with monthly collection of water samples to determine pH, temperature, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliforms, total solids, total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and total phosphorus. The results obtained were compared with the indices established by the environmental legislation and applied in the determination of the Water Quality Index (WQI) used by the Water Institute of Paraná State, regulating environmental agency. Poor water quality in these rivers presents a worrying scenario for the region, since this river is the main source of water supply for the public system. Results of organic matter, fecal coliforms and total phosphorus were higher than the limits established by Resolution CONAMA 357/2005 to river class 2, specially at downstream of the Km 119 River and the Campo River, due to the significant influence of the urban anthropic activity by the lack of tertiary treatment and also rural by the lack of basic sanitation in this area. Results of WQI of Km 119 River and do Campo River indicated that water quality can be classified as average in 71% and good in 29% of the sites evaluated.
Water quality assessment of the Sinos River – RS, Brazil
Authors: Steffens C. , Klauck C. R. , Benvenuti T. , Silva L. B. , Rodrigues M. A. S.
Published: November 2015

Worldwide environmental pollution is increasing at the same rate as social and economic development. This growth, however, is disorganized and leads to increased degradation of water resources. Water, which was once considered inexhaustible, has become the focus of environmental concerns because it is essential for life and for many production processes. This article describes monitoring of the water quality at three points along the Sinos River (RS, Brazil), one in each of the upper, middle and lower stretches. The points were sampled in 2013 and again in 2014. The water samples were analyzed to determine the following physical and chemical parameters plus genotoxicity to fish: metals (Cr, Fe, Al), chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, chlorides, conductivity, total suspended solids, total phosphorous, total and fecal coliforms, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total Kjeldahl nitrogen nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen. Genotoxicity was tested by exposing individuals of the species Astyanax jacuhiensis to water samples and then comparing them with a control group exposed to water from the public water supply. The results confirmed the presence of substances with genotoxic potential at the sample points located in the middle and lower stretches of the river. The results for samples from the upper stretch, at P1, did not exhibit differences in relation to the control group. The physical and chemical analyses did not detect reductions in water quality in the lower stretch, as had been expected in view of the large volumes of domestic and industrial effluents discharged into this part of the river.
Influence of antifouling paint on freshwater invertebrates (Mytilidae, Chironomidae and Naididae): density, richness and composition
Authors: Fujita D. S. , Takeda A. M. , Coutinho R. , Fernandes F. C.
Published: November 2015

Abstract We conducted a study about invertebrates on artificial substrates with different antifouling paints in order to answer the following questions 1) is there lower accumulation of organic matter on substrates with antifouling paints, 2) is invertebrate colonization influenced by the release of biocides from antifouling paints, 3) is the colonization of aquatic invertebrates positively influenced by the material accumulated upon the substrate surface and 4) is the assemblage composition of invertebrates similar among the different antifouling paints? To answer these questions, four structures were installed in the Baía River in February 1st, 2007. Each structure was composed of 7 wood boards: 5 boards painted with each type of antifouling paints (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5), one painted only with the primer (Pr) and the other without any paint (Cn). After 365 days, we observed a greater accumulation of organic matter in the substrates with T2 and T3 paint coatings. Limnoperna fortunei was recorded in all tested paints, with higher densities in the control, primer, T2 and T3. The colonization of Chironomidae and Naididae on the substrate was positively influenced by L. fortunei density. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of the invertebrate community provided evidence of the clear distinction of invertebrate assemblages among the paints. Paints T2 and T3 were the most similar to the control and primer. Our results suggest that antifouling paints applied on substrates hinder invertebrate colonization by decreasing the density and richness of invertebrates.
Prevalência de Síndromes Funcionais em Estudantes e Residentes de Medicina
Authors: Pereira Gisele Araújo , Capanema Henrique Xavier de Miranda , Silva Mariana Moura Quintão , Garcia Iara Lemos , Petroianu Andy
Published: November 2015

RESUMO O curso universitário é gerador de estresse, e, de acordo com a literatura, há elevada prevalência de sintomas depressivos e transtornos emocionais em até metade dos universitários. Cerca de um terço das pessoas com síndromes funcionais ou síndromes somáticas funcionais (SSF) sofre de ansiedade ou depressão. Percebe-se, assim, a associação das SSF com fatores psicossociais e estresse. Objetivo Verificar a prevalência de síndrome funcional em estudantes e residentes de Medicina. Métodos Foram entrevistados 200 estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) que cursavam o quinto, sexto, nono e décimo períodos, sendo 25 homens e 25 mulheres de cada período, bem como 27 residentes de várias especialidades do Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG (11 homens e 16 mulheres). Os voluntários responderam aos questionários Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) e Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Stai), ambos validados no Brasil para avaliação da depressão e ansiedade, e a questionário para verificar a presença de síndromes funcionais. Resultados Oitenta e sete indivíduos (38,3%) tiveram o diagnóstico de síndrome somática e funcional (SSF), sendo prevalente nos residentes (48,1%) e nos alunos do quinto ano (43%) e menor nos alunos do terceiro ano (30%). Mulheres e seguidores da religião espírita foram os que apresentaram maior associação com SSF (p < 0,05), assim como os que possuíam maiores pontuações no questionário de avaliação de depressão e aqueles em período de formação mais avançado no curso médico. A SSF foi mais encontrada em estudantes com idade menor que 24 anos (39,4%), com renda inferior a dez salários mínimos (53,2%), casados (46,7%), com filhos (80%), entre os que possuíam parentesco médico (40,8), em tabagistas e alcoolistas (58,5%) e em estudantes com traços de ansiedade alta (45,6%). Conclusão As síndromes funcionais são frequentes entre os estudantes e residentes de Medicina. Elas ocorrem mais no sexo feminino e em deprimidos em períodos de maior tensão emocional.
Representação Social das Vivências de Estudantes no Curso de Medicina
Authors: Restom Abrão Georges , Riechelmann José Carlos , Machado Valéria Menezes Peixeiro , Machado José Lúcio Martins
Published: November 2015

RESUMO A medicina atua com a prevenção e a cura das doenças humanas num sentido amplo. Uma formação com enfoque em problemas permite ao estudante um poder de análise dos componentes das situações de saúde. O Programa de Integração em Saúde da Comunidade (Pisco) prevê levar estudantes e professores para a vivência da prática voltada à integralidade das ações, valorizando a prevenção e a promoção à saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as vivências dos estudantes de Medicina no processo de avaliação das atividades do Pisco do primeiro ao quarto ano do curso e a sua relação com o projeto pedagógico do curso. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo quali-quantitativo. Foram produzidos registros escritos pelos estudantes ao final de cada encontro, de março de 2008 a dezembro de 2011, posteriormente analisados por meio do Discurso do Sujeito e pelo software QualiQuantiSoft®. Os resultados mostram diminuição do número de registros a partir da quinta etapa, pois a partir dela os alunos iniciam vivências em ambientes diferentes de prática médica e, assim, passam a desvalorizar as atividades no Programa de Saúde da Família.
Ligas Acadêmicas no Processo de Formação dos Estudantes
Authors: Silva Simone Alves da , Flores Oviromar
Published: November 2015

RESUMO As Ligas Acadêmicas (LAs) surgem nas universidades brasileiras no início do século XX como estratégias e atividades extracurriculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as Ligas Acadêmicas estruturadas e em funcionamento na Universidade de Brasília como estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem. Método A coleta de dados foi construída por levantamento documental, entrevista de sondagem e entrevistas individuais aplicadas a acadêmicos membros das Ligas (oito representantes), professores/coordenadores membros das Ligas (quatro representantes) e acadêmicos que participavam das atividades oferecidas pelos membros das Ligas (quatro representantes). Resultados Percebe-se o reconhecimento do princípio da indissociabilidade do ensino, pesquisa e extensão por parte dos entrevistados, embora a atuação dos membros ligantes tenha sido marcada pelas atividades de ensino e pesquisa em contraposição às atividades extensionistas. No entanto, as concepções dos participantes refletem convergências no que se refere aos princípios/estratégias de criação e desenvolvimento das Ligas Acadêmicas como importantes na formação em saúde. Conclusão As Ligas Acadêmicas poderiam se tornar instrumentos de exploração da autonomia, da criticidade, da criatividade e do comprometimento, em detrimento de práticas isoladas que induzem ao risco de especialização precoce.
ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS E AMBIENTES URBANOS: NOVOS SIGNIFICADOS E TRANSFORMAÇÕES ASSOCIADOS AO FENÔMENO DA URBANIZAÇÃO EXTENSIVA
Authors: Sancho Altair , Deus José Antonio Souza de
Published: November 2015

RESUMO Este trabalho propõe-se a discutir a relação entre ações de proteção da natureza e ambientes urbanos, com um olhar atento para as influências do fenômeno da urbanização extensiva na dinâmica de territórios permeados por áreas protegidas. Postula-se que esse interrelacionamento não remete apenas à origem do movimento em prol da criação de espaços de conservação da natureza, mas interfere inclusive em sua constituição, principalmente em países como o Brasil, onde muitas dessas áreas foram implantadas nas proximidades de centros urbanos. Diante das novas configurações socioespaciais e organizacionais presenciadas nas metrópoles nas últimas décadas, chamamos a atenção para o fenômeno da urbanização extensiva, termo cunhado por Monte-Mór para interpretar o movimento de extensão das condições e modos de vida urbanos para além dos limites das metrópoles. O caráter unificador desse movimento e as pressões exercidas na fronteira têm sido responsáveis por ressignificar a relação rural e urbano, em sentido amplo, com desdobramentos diretos na dinâmica territorial de áreas protegidas localizadas na zona de abrangência de centros metropolitanos. Como resultado, percebe-se uma complexificação dos sentidos e significados atribuídos às áreas protegidas e o nascimento de inúmeros desafios aos propósitos de conservação da biodiversidade e promoção de desenvolvimento territorial.
Dinâmicas sociogeográficas e políticas na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa em tempos de crise e de austeridade
Authors: Seixas João , Tulumello Simone , Corvelo Susana , Drago Ana
Published: November 2015

Resumo Este artigo, reconhecendo a relevância das dimensões territoriais e urbanas para uma melhor interpretação da atual crise e seus principais impulsionadores, bem como das suas consequências e reacções sociopolíticas, analisa a evolução recente da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, perante tempos de crise económica e de políticas de austeridade. O artigo propõe duas conclusões, a merecer estudo adicional com o objectivo de uma sua possível teorização mais alargada: 1) podem distinguir-se fases distintas da crise e uma correlação entre estas, as políticas de austeridade implementadas e a correspondente ampliação dos efeitos da crise nos tecidos socioeconómicos territoriais; 2) verifica-se o aumento de um confronto de natureza estruturante entre políticas top-down de escalas europeia e nacionais e as dinâmicas sociopolíticas de escalas mais locais e mesmo bottom-up, redesenhando-se os quadros geopolíticos territoriais por formas crescentemente distintas e mais complexas; de divergências, aproximações e intersecções de base multi-escalar.
Profile of patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing treatment with anti-TNF agents in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS), Belo Horizonte - MG
Authors: Oliveira Junior Haliton Alves de , Almeida Alessandra Maciel , Acurcio Francisco Assis , Santos Jéssica Barreto dos , Kakehasi Adriana Maria , Alvares Juliana , Dabés Clarice Gomes e Souza , Cherchiglia Mariangela Leal
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to describe the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics as well as the functional status of a prospective cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases assisted by the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS). Data for 302 patients receiving tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors (anti-TNF agents) was collected through a standard form. Among patients, 229 (75.8%) were female and 155 (51.3%) were Caucasian; the mean age was 50.3 ± 12.8 years, and the mean disease duration was 9.9 ± 8.7 years. Among them 214 patients (70.9%) received adalimumab, 72 (23.8%) etanercept, and 16 (5.3%) infliximab. Mean Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) was 1.37 ± 0.67 for all participants. Poor functional response was associated with female gender, married patients and with a score of < 0.6 on the EuroQoL-5 dimensions (EQ-5D). Significant correlation was found between the HAQ-DI values, disease activity and quality of life (QOL). The results obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding of the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases at the beginning of anti-TNF-agent treatment by SUS. Furthermore, our findings are consistent with another Brazilian and foreign cross-sectional investigations. This knowledge can be of great importance for further studies evaluating the effectiveness of biological agents, as well as, to contribute to improve the well-being of the patients with rheumatic diseases.
The effect of Cratylia floribunda lectin on renal hemodynamics and ion transport
Authors: Havt Alexandre , Assreuy Ana Maria Sampaio , Nascimento Nilberto Robson Falcão do , Fonteles Manassés Claudino , Pereira Lívia de Paula , Monteiro Sandra Maria Nunes , Barbosa Paulo Sergio Ferreira , Nascimento Kyria Santiago do , Cavada Benildo Sousa , Martins Alice Maria Costa , Monteiro Helena Serra Azul
Published: November 2015

Lectins have been described as glycoproteins that reversibly and specifically bind to carbohydrates. Legume lectins isolated from the subtribe Diocleinae (Canavalia, Dioclea andCratylia) are structurally homologous with respect to their primary structures. The Diocleinae lectins of Canavalia brasiliensis, Dioclea guianensis andCanavalia ensiformis have been shown to distinctly alter physiological parameters in isolated rat kidneys. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) on renal hemodynamics and ion transport in rats. In isolated perfused kidneys, CFL (10 mg/mL, n=5) increased RPP, RVR and decreased %TK+, but did not change urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate, sodium or chloride tubular transport. In isolated perfused mesenteric bed, CFL (3 and 10 mg/mL/min; n=4) did not alter tissue basal tonus or tissue contraction by phenylephrine (1 mM/mL/min). In conclusion, the seed lectin of Cratylia floribunda increased renal hemodynamic parameters showing a kaliuretic effect. This effect could be of tubular origin, rather than a result from haemodynamic alterations.
Perceptual-Speech, Nasometric, and Cephalometric Results after Modified V-Y Palatoplasties with or without Mucosal Graft
Authors: Oyama Kentaro , Nishihara Kazuhide , Matsunaga Kazuhide , Miura Naoko , Kibe Toshiro , Nakamura Norifumi
Published: November 2015

Objective

Although the goal of cleft palate (CP) repair is to achieve normal speech, no standard procedure ensures that patients' speech will be at the same level as speech in children without CP. In this study, postoperative speech outcomes following primary CP repair combined with or without a mucosal graft was analyzed in comparison with that of control subjects without CP.

Participants

Eighty-two patients who underwent modified V-Y palatoplasty with a mucosal graft on the nasal side for symmetrical muscular reconstruction during 2006-2012 (MG group) and 109 patients who previously underwent modified V-Y palatoplasty without a mucosal graft (non-MG group) were enrolled in this study. Speech data on 37 Japanese subjects without CP were used as a control.

Main outcome Measures

Perceptual rating of resonance and nasal emission and nasometry were carried out for all participants. Furthermore, cephalometric analyses were performed to assess postoperative velopharyngeal morphology and velar movement.

Results

Normal resonance was achieved at a significantly higher rate (90.3% of patients) in the MG group than in the non-MG group (68.8%) ( P ≤ .01). The mean nasalance scores in the MG group were significantly lower (P ≤ .01) and were almost at the same level as in controls. Cephalometric analyses revealed a greater velar length and velar elevation angle during phonation in the MG group ( P ≤ .01 and P ≤ .05, respectively).

Conclusions

Modified V-Y palatoplasty combined with a mucosal graft on the nasal side of the velum for symmetrical muscular reconstruction facilitates speech outcomes for children with cleft palate that are comparable with those for peers without CP.
The Feasibility of Buccal Fat Pad Flap in Oral Reconstruction Based on Clinical Experience in a Governmental Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Habib Ahmed M.A. , Medra Ahmed
Published: November 2015

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pedicled buccal fat pad flap for its applicability in the reconstruction of surgically created oral defects. We highlighted the technique of flap harvesting, its different applications, and limitations.

Design

Prospective analysis of patients with intraoral defects repaired by the buccal fat pad flap.

Setting

Institutional center.

Patients/Participants

Twenty-nine patients with surgical defects of the palate, maxilla, upper gingiva, buccal mucosa, lower gingiva, retromolar region, oral floor, and temporomandibular joint.

Interventions

Pedicled buccal fat pad flap for treatment of small to medium-sized intraoral defects.

Outcome Measures

Patients had repair using a pedicled buccal fat pad flap between 2012 and 2014. Patients' photographs and clinical records were collected. The technique of flap harvesting, its advantages, and its drawbacks are described in this study.

Results

Patients were followed up over a mean period of 13.7 months to check flap viability, competent repair, and donor site function and aesthetics. Complete epithelialization was observed within 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively according to the extent of the defect. All patients showed uneventful healing without complications.

Conclusions

Buccal fat pad flap proved to be feasible for the reconstruction of surgically induced proximal small to medium-sized defects and can be extended to the palate, mandible, mouth angle, and temporomandibular joint region. Further research using preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of the size of the buccal fat pad is needed when reconstructing large distal defects.
The importance of human-computer interaction in the development process of software projects
Authors: Calp M. Hanefi , Akcayol M. Ali
Published: November 2015

Today, software industry has a rapid growth. In order to resist the competition increased by this growth, software projects ne0ed to be developed with higher quality and especially user friendly. Therefore, the importance of human-computer interaction emerges clearly. In design and development phases of software projects, the properties of human –which is an important agent for interaction- such as behavioral, cognitive, perceptive, efficiency and physical factors have to be considered. This study aims to express the importance of developing softwares by taking into consideration the human-computer interaction applications. In this context, firstly a wide literature review is made to examine software development process and human-computer interaction in detail, the results obtained by using design methods in this process are explicated and the importance of said interaction is openly expressed with the exemplary applications in the literature. According to the results of the research, especially in software life cycle, it is observed that rules of interaction must be implemented before software development, however, these methods are usually included in software life cycle in the latter stages of software development process. This situation causes the developed softwares to be user unfriendly and of low quality. Furthermore, it is observed that when the design methods used in the scope of human-computer interaction are integrated into software development process during the life cycle, the developed projects are more successful, have better quality and are more user friendly.

 Keywords: Human-computer interaction, software projects, life cycle, software design.
Effect of growth conditions on Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) H. & P. Syd. and Ophiostoma floccosum Math-Käärik albino strains culture morphology
Authors: Berrocal-Jiménez Alexander , Navarrete José , Oviedo Claudia
Published: November 2015

Blue stain in Pinus radiata D. Don wood is predominantly caused by Ophiostoma genus fungi. Stained wood causes significant economic losses to forestry and timber industries. Currently, different chemical fungicides are used to prevent the occurrence of blue stain fungi. However, recent reports have questioned the environmental friendliness of these fungicides. For this reason, the use of biological control, in particular with albino strains of the Ophiostoma genus, appears to be an environmentally safe and a technically feasible alternative to work with. The potential field application of this technology would use a formulation containing the albino fungus-the bioactive ingredient- in its yeast like form. However, some Ophiostoma strains cultures present a marked filamentous morphology in liquid culture medium, affecting the efficiency in the production of the bioactive ingredient. The hypothesis of this work presumed the possibility to control the morphology of Ophiostoma cultures, through the modification of growth conditions in liquid medium. The effect of inoculum size, growth temperature and agitation rate on the morphology of PcF2A29 Ophiostoma piceae and FlF1A55 Ophiostoma floccosum albino strains in liquid culture medium, was studied. A 23 factorial design was employed. The results showed that the initial inoculum size had a statistically significant effect on yeast-like growth morphology in both strains, whereas the temperature only produced a significant effect in PcF2A29 O. piceae strain.
Árboles del Valle Central de Costa Rica: reproducción Corralillo (Cassia moschata Kunth)
Authors: Rojas-Rodríguez Freddy , Torres-Córdoba Gustavo
Published: November 2015

Se presenta una breve descripción del árbol coralillo (Cassia moschata Kunth), información sobre fenología como base para la recolección de frutos, el manejo de las semillas, la viverización y el proceso de germinación.
Estructura, composición florística, biomasa y carbono arriba del suelo en los manglares Laguna de Gandoca y Estero Moín, Limón, Costa Rica
Authors: Manrow-Villalobos Marilyn , Vílchez-Alvarado Braulio
Published: November 2015

Se delimitó el área de dos manglares del Caribe Sur deCosta Rica, se analizó su estructura horizontal y verticaly la composición florística. Se cuantificó la biomasay el carbono arriba del suelo respecto al gradiente dedistanciamiento al borde del canal; en ambos sitios.Sobre transeptos perpendiculares al borde del canal,se establecieron parcelas circulares de siete metros deradio, dispuestas cada 25 m. Se evaluó el diámetro (d) decada individuo mayor a 5 cm (a 1,30 m del suelo o arribade la raíz más alta de los individuos con raíces aéreas).Se determinó la densidad de árboles (árboles/ha), el áreabasal (m2/ha), la distribución de los individuos por clasediamétrica, la altura total (m), la densidad de árboles porpisos de altura, el índice de valor de importancia de lasespecies, los índices de diversidad de Shannon–Wiener(H´) y Alpha de Fisher, la biomasa y la reserva de carbonoarriba del suelo. Se utilizó un diseño experimental debloques incompletos al azar (BIA). Se realizaron análisisde varianza (ANDEVA) y pruebas Duncan. El áreadelimitada del manglar de Gandoca fue de 13,34 ha y 10,73 ha en Moín. En Gandoca y Moín se encontrarondiámetros promedio de los árboles de 21,43 cm y20,01 cm, alturas totales promedio de 12,8 m y 10,5 m,densidades de 687 árboles/ha y 708 árboles/ha, áreasbasales de 26,35 m2/ha y 26,37 m2/ha respectivamente.La especie más importante en Gandoca fue Rhizophoramangle y en Moín Pterocarpus officinalis. En ambossitios también se encontraron Laguncularia racemosa yAvicennia germinans junto a otras 20 especies asociadas.El sitio más diverso fue Moín. La biomasa fue de 330, 27Mg/ha y 257,10 Mg/ha, el carbono fue de 153,25 Mg/hay 119,29 Mg/ha para Gandoca y Moín respectivamente.La composición florística y las variables estructurales seasemejaron a otras reportadas en manglares del Caribey sugieren que los manglares estudiados son madurosy se encuentran en constante renovación; sin embargo,Moín presenta un grado de disturbio mayor. Las reservasde biomasa y carbono superaron a las reportadas parabosques secundarios y primarios de Costa Rica y lasde algunos manglares del Indo - Pacífico. El manglar deGandoca presentó un aumento de área, con respecto alo reportado por Coll et al. (2001), para el manglar de Moínno se encontraron registros anteriores de este dato, porlo que este estudio no reporta aumento o disminucióndel área.
Reported Use of and Satisfaction With Vocational Rehabilitation Services Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons
Authors: Dispenza Franco , Hunter Tameeka
Published: November 2015

Purpose:Reported use of and satisfaction rates of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services among a small sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons living with various chronic illness and disability (CID) conditions in the United States were explored.

Method:Data were pulled from a larger data set that was collected via the Internet. A quantitative research design using descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.

Results:Sexual minorities living with various CID conditions are presenting to VR for vocational services. Sexual minority women- and bisexual-identified persons were more likely to report dissatisfaction with VR services than gay men.

Conclusions:LGBT persons are experiencing an array of CID conditions and using VR services. More consideration of LGBT issues in rehabilitation counseling is necessary.
Influence of Flow Geometry on Sandface Temperatures During Single-Phase Oil Production: Dimensionless Analysis
Authors: App J. F.
Published: November 2015

This paper evaluates the impact of flow geometry on sandface temperature behavior under conditions of high drawdown in which Joule-Thomson thermal effects are significant. The temperature behavior of both radial- and linear-flow regimes is evaluated under steady-state and transient conditions. Through a dimensionless analysis of the thermal-energy equation, a systematic evaluation of the contributing terms is presented. The steady-state analysis is based on analytic solutions that demonstrate identical temperature behavior at asymptotic limits but are offset by a geometric factor at intermediary Péclet numbers. The transient analysis is based on a combination of analytical and numerical solutions. The transient analysis demonstrates that temperature changes occur earlier in time for the radial geometry compared with the linear geometry. The impetus behind this study is to address the impact of transient-temperature development in hydraulically fractured vs. nonhydraulically fractured vertical completions. The flow regime in nonhydraulically fractured vertical completions is radial whereas in hydraulically fractured vertical completions a linear-flow regime can dominate a significant portion of the flow history. All analyses assume that skin, wellbore-storage, and thermal-storage effects are negligible.