bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Threatened Biodiversity and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Associated Beliefs, Customs and Uses of Herpetofauna among the `Are`Are on Malaita Island, Solomon Islands
Authors: Pollard Edgar Maeniuta , Thaman Randy , Brodie Gilianne , Morrison Clare
Published: September 2015

Biodiversity and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) are in danger of being lost in many societies, especially in the rapidly urbanising Pacific Islands. Herpetofauna, in particular, are globally threatened along with their associated cultural knowledge and beliefs. The aim of this study was to examine the species richness and conservation status of herpetofauna and associated TEK among the `Are`Are on Malaita Island, Solomon Islands. Questionnaire surveys were used to collect and gather information from local informants separated into equal sex and age cohorts. A total of 18 different species of frogs and lizards were recorded and described with seven distinct cultural uses identified. Informants above the age of 60 exhibited greater herpetofaunal knowledge with males slightly more informed than females. Our results clearly show that action must be taken to document and preserve community TEK in the Solomon Islands as a foundational basis for both biodiversity and cultural conservation.
Reconstructing Meat Consumption through Biomarker Analyses of Paleofeces
Authors: Battillo Jenna M. , Fisher Abigail E.
Published: September 2015

This mini-review outlines three underutilized approaches for studying meat-based biomarkers in archaeological paleofeces that we expect will increase in significance within the field. Myoglobin, stable isotope, and aDNA analyses all have untapped potential to inform meat-based dietary constituents.
Publishing in transition – do we still need scientific journals?
Authors: Grossmann Alexander
Published: September 2015

For decades, scientific journals were the only way to communicate new research findings. Up until today, very little has changed in that respect. The overwhelming majority of all scientific journals still functions as they did in the times when there was no Internet, no social networks, or crowd-based knowledge platforms. Is this form of dissemination of research findings still suitable in the 21st century? The author says: no.
Style-Dependency of Melodic Expectation
Authors: Cenkerová Zuzana , Parncutt Richard
Published: September 2015

In theories of auditory scene analysis and melodic implication/realization, melodic expectation results from an interaction between top-down processes (assumed to be learned and schema-based) and bottom-up processes (assumed innate, based on Gestalt principles). If principles of melodic expectation are partly acquired, it should be possible to manipulate them – to condition listeners' expectations. In this study, the resistance of three bottom-up expectation principles to learning was tested experimentally. In Experiment 1, expectations for stepwise motion (pitch proximity) were manipulated by conditioning listeners to large melodic leaps; preference for small intervals was reduced after a brief exposure. In Experiment 2, expectations for leaps to rise and steps to fall (step declination) were manipulated by exposing listeners to melodies comprising rising steps and falling leaps; this reduced preferences for descending seconds and thirds. Experiment 3 did not find and hence failed to alter the expectation for small intervals to be followed by an interval in the same direction (step inertia). The results support the theory that bottom-up principles of melodic perception are partly learned from exposure to pitch patterns in music. The long-term learning process could be reinforced by exposure to speech based on similar organization principles.
Progress in Understanding Auditory Scene Analysis
Authors: Bregman Albert S.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, I make the following claims: (1) Subjective experience is tremendously useful in guiding productive research. (2) Studies of auditory scene analysis (ASA) in adults, newborn infants, and non-human animals (e.g., in goldfish or pigeons) establish the generality of ASA and suggest that it has an innate foundation. (3) ASA theory does not favor one musical style over another. (4) The principles used in the composition of polyphony (slightly modified) apply not only to one particular musical style or culture but to any form of layered music. (5) Neural explanations of ASA do not supersede explanations in terms of capacities; the two are complementary. (6) In computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) – ASA by computer systems – or any adequate theory of ASA, the most difficult challenge will be to discover how the contributions of a very large number of types of acoustical evidence and top-down schemas (acquired knowledge about the sound sources in our environments), can be coordinated without producing conflict that disables the system. (7) Finally I argue that the movement of a listener within the auditory scene provides him/her/it with rich information that should not be ignored by ASA theorists and researchers.
Early Repolarisation – What Should the Clinician Do?
Authors: Obeyesekere Manoj N , Krahn Andrew D ,   Cabrini and Epworth Healthcare Groups, Victoria, Australia,   The Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Published: September 2015

The early repolarisation (ER) pattern is a common ECG finding. Most individuals with the ER pattern are at minimal risk for arrhythmic events. In others, ER increases the arrhythmic risk of underlying cardiac pathology. Rarely ER syndrome will manifest as a primary arrhythmogenic disorder causing ventricular fibrillation (VF). ER syndrome is defined as syncope attributed to ventricular arrhythmias or cardiac arrest attributed to ER following systematic exclusion of other etiologies. Some ECG features associated with ER portend a higher risk. However, clinically useful risk-stratifying tools to identify the asymptomatic patient at high risk are lacking. Patients with asymptomatic ER and no family history of malignant ER should be reassured. All patients with ER should continue to have modifiable cardiac risk factors addressed. Symptomatic patients should be systematically investigated, directed by symptoms.
FFT simulations and multi-coated inclusion model for macroscopic conductivity of 2D suspensions of compound inclusions
Authors: Luat Nguyen Van , Kien Nguyen Trung
Published: September 2015

Article introduces the Fast-Fourier transformation method (FFT) and an approximation method to calculate the conductivity of compound-inclusion composites in two-dimensional space. The approximation compares favorably with the numerical results for a number of periodic and random models over a range of volume proportions of phases, but divers at large volume proportions of the included phases when the interactions between the inclusions are more pronounced.
Some characteristics of the resultant air flow from motions induced by ventilation and heat source in a two-dimensional enclosure
Authors: Tran T. V. , Thuy N. T.
Published: September 2015

Ventilated air flow in an enclosure is often unsteady (turbulent) at even very low Reynolds number (Re). Meantime natural convection in a box is stationary motion at large enough Rayleigh number (Ra). This paper deals with the interaction between two those flows in a two-dimensional room. The room has one inlet and one or two outlets. A heat source locates on the floor. The numerical simulation of the interaction is carried out at some values of Re and Ra for two cases of the inlet and outlet configuration. Some interesting characteristics of the resultant flow are discovered. The heat amount released by the source and removed from the room by different types of this flow is also provided.
Engaging Parents: Assessing Child Welfare Agency Onsite Review Instrument Outcomes
Authors: Wells Melissa , Vanyukevych Anastasiya , Levesque Sherri
Published: September 2015

This exploratory analysis examines one child welfare agency's efforts to engage both parents and how those efforts impact overall case outcomes. Data collected using the federal Onsite Review Instrument (OSRI) assess state child welfare agency efforts to engage both mothers and fathers in 206 cases involving children from in-home and out-of-home placements. The specific parent engagement domains included parental visitation with their children, assessment of parental needs, provision of services to parents, and parental involvement in case planning. The study finds that efforts to engage both parents are statistically associated with overall higher likelihood that the child welfare agency substantially achieved case outcomes related to safety, permanency, and well-being. These results suggest a need for continued emphasis on engaging absent or noninvolved parents to achieve best outcomes in work with children and families. Implications for child welfare practice include a need to examine the multiple supports for organizational change necessary to ensure that efforts to engage both parents are consistently integrated into case-level practice.
“Just Make Sure you Can Get up and Parent the Next Day”: Understanding the Contexts, Risks, and Rewards of Alcohol Consumption for Parents
Authors: Wolf Jennifer Price , Chávez Raúl
Published: September 2015

Little is known about how parents make drinking decisions and weigh the risks and rewards of alcohol consumption in specific contexts. This qualitative study examined two questions: (a) What factors influence parental drinking decisions in different drinking contexts? and (b) What do parents perceive as the risks and rewards of alcohol consumption in different drinking contexts? Purposive sampling was used to select 60 parents of children aged 10 or younger living in 4 midsized California cities. Data were collected via in-depth, semistructured interviews. Many parents viewed drinking at family get-togethers or parties as protective of children, since the presence of multiple adults and children provide buffers when parents become intoxicated. In contrast, parents noted that drinking at home, and particularly drinking alone, transmitted potentially negative messages. Social pressures and contexts influence alcohol consumption among parents and could provide potential avenues for intervention against alcohol-related harm.
The results of the keratoconus treatment of different degree by “Alloplant” dispersed biomaterial
Authors: Galimova Venera Uzbekovna , Gareyev Yevgeniy Musinovich , Shakirov Rustem Fransovich
Published: September 2015

In this article there are presented the research results of keratoconus index after “Alloplant” dispersed biomaterial insertion. There were examined 27 individuals of different keratoconus phase. The obtained results showed that the postoperative change intensity of keratoconus index depends on the initial level of these parameters and keratoconus degree. The research results testify to the low-gradual improvement of the cornea condition and its optic properties.
Visual acuity dynamics after phacoemulsification in patients with “wet” form of age-related macular degeneration, treated by intravitreal angiogenesis inhibitor injections
Authors: Chistyakova Natalya Viktorovna , Astakhov Yuriy Sergeevich , Dal Nikita Yuryevich
Published: September 2015

Design: prospective non-randomized experimental longitudinal cohort study. The aim of the study: to evaluate the visual acuity after phacoemulsification in patients with the “wet” form of age-related macular degeneration, treated by intravitreal angiogenesis inhibitor injections. Materials: 48 patients (48 eyes) with the “wet” form of AMD, treated by intravitreal angiogenesis inhibitor injections, and incipient cataract. All eyes in the study had a diagnosis of “wet” AMD and underwent cataract surgery. They were followed for a minimum of two years after the cataract surgery. The mean age of patients was 78.16 ± 5 years. There were 36 female (75 %) and 12 male (25 %) patients. Results: All patients were retrospectively divided into two groups. Group No. 1 consisted of 23 patients — operated within a year of the diagnosis of “wet” AMD, and group No. 2 which consisted of 25 patients who had a diagnosis of “wet” AMD for longer than one year prior to the cataract surgery. The mean preoperative visual acuity in the 1st group was 0.16 ± 0.07 (median 0.15), and in patients of group 2 — 0.23 ± 0.06 (median 0,2). Mean visual acuity immediately before surgery in the 1st group was 0.13 ± 0.04 (median 0.09), in the 2nd group — 0.12 ± 0.04 (median 0,08). After surgery, in the 1st group, mean visual acuity was — 0.28 ± 0.08 (median 0.25), in the 2nd group —0.18 ± 0.07 (median 0,15). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant, p 0.01, t-test. Statistically significant visual acuity increase after surgery was registered in both groups and was preserved after one and two years, when compared to the data before surgery: for the 1st group — 0.13 and 0.1; for the 2nd group — 0,1 and 0.07, respectively (p 0,01, Wilcoxon criterion). Conclusions: Phacoemulsification is reasonable for eyes with the “wet” form of age-related macular degeneration. Patients with shorter “wet” AMD duration obtain a higher visual acuity increase after cataract surgery. Statistically significant visual acuity increase after surgery is preserved in the majority of patients during next 2 years of follow-up.
On the causes of ocular tuberculosis morbidity rate decrease in Russia over the last years
Authors: Ustinova Yelena Ivanovna , Bataev Vladimir Mihailovich
Published: September 2015

The results of an investigation of 2055 patients with confirmed and suspected ocular tuberculosis referred to the Saint-Petersburg Phtisiopulmonology Scientific-Research Institute during different time periods (1986-1991; 2004-2010; and 2012) were analyzed. A system of differential diagnosis and a verification method for ocular tuberculosis were used, which were worked out by the Institute phtisioophthalmologists. Over the last two time periods, in comparison with 1986–1991, the frequency of detection of ocular tuberculosis in patients with suspected tuberculosis significantly decreased; the use of tuberculinodiagnostics and of test-therapy also substantially decreased. Also it was discovered that there was an absence of phtisioophthalmologists in many dispensaries. Altogether, the decrease of ocular tuberculosis morbidity rate in Russian Federation over the last time periods was determined both by insufficient staffing level of phtisioophthalmologists in antituberculous dispensaries, and by the decrease of the quality of ocular tuberculosis diagnosis in antituberculous facilities.
Engineering and experimental testing of two-wavelength laser-assisted device for photocoagulation of eye tissue
Authors: Astakhov Yury Sergeevich , Akopov Yevgeny Leonidovich , Ivanov Aleksandr Anatolevich , Smirnova Mariya Alexeevna , Panteleev Leonid Nikolaevich , Nevorotin Alexey Josifovich
Published: September 2015

Retinal photocoagulation is believed to be one of most efficient methods to treat many retinal abnormalities. By now, a number of lasers operating at different wavelengths, irradiation intensities, and exposure times have been tested in search of optimal parameters for each type of retinal photocoagulation. Taking into consideration a wide range of such parameters, the primary objective of the present study was to develop a device that would combine the potentials of different lasers into a single universal laser-assisted coagulator (ULAC) equally suitable for a wide diversity of retinal disease. Important issue would be the creation of an experimental model allowing an operative evaluation of the coagulating effect induced by the ULAC. The sources of coherent irradiation to be combined were DPSS and diode lasers (532 and 810 nm, respectively). Through two individual fibers, irradiation generated by each of the lasers entered the optical blender to be further directed to the target, now via a single fiber. The target termed the “surrogate of living tissue” was a mixture of donor human blood and chicken egg white, which corresponded, respectively, to the chromophore and thermocoagulating agent, both sensitive to laser beams at 532 and 810 nm. As a result, irradiation of surrogate of living tissue by a laser under the trial caused the formation of a coagulate and its firm adhesion to the coverslip, after that the coagulate was separated from the unaffected surrogate of living tissue followed by its 3D-analysis. In conclusion, the whole procedure, while being relatively non-expensive and easy to perform, has proved to be simple enough for testing of a wide spectrum of coagulation-inducing parameters, whatever laser was used. Moreover, even the initial experiments have shown the high efficiency of the ULAC as a potential candidate for the application in ophthalmological practice.
THE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT DRUG DELIVERY METHODS OF LEVOFLOXACIN IN THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER
Authors: Boiko Ernest Vitalievich , Fokina Diana Vladimirovna , Reituzov Vladimir Alexeevich , Alekperov Sergey Igorevich
Published: September 2015

In this research we compare the efficiency of noninvasive intraocular-delivering methods of different dosage forms of levofloxacin (LF) with the help of soft contact lens (SCL) and eye drops of LF and LF with the presence of prolongator — hypromellose. It is revealed, that SCL saturated with levofloxacin achieve therapeutic concentration in aqueous humor. This is due to the gradual release of antibiotic from the SCL in the anterior chamber. Installations of eye drops of LF and LF with hypromellose achieve minimum inhibitory concentration of fluoroquinolone in aqueous humor during 3 and 5 hours respectively. It is discussed the using of each dosage form in preventive and therapeutic purposes.
An experience of Retinalamin use in glaucomatous optic neuropethy and age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Astakhov Yury Sergeevich , Butin Yevgeniy Vladimirovich , Morozova Natalia Vladimirovna , Sokolov Vitaliy Olegovich , Florentseva Svetlana Sergeevna
Published: September 2015

From 2005, an estimation of possible neuroprotective cytomedine Retinalamin action was carried out using objective investigation methods in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma stage 1 and 2 and in those with dry AMD, both being debilitating ophthalmic conditions.
Remote treatment results in patients with eye tuberculosis
Authors: Lyapin Sergei Leonidovich , Ustinova Yelena Ivanovna
Published: September 2015

Remote results of standard chemotherapy regimens used for ophthalmic tuberculosis were analyzed in 87 patients, receiving care at a specialized sanatorium during the intensive treatment phase, and at local anti-tuberculosis dispensaries during the continued treatment phase. Remote treatment results were assessed at the patients’ admittance to the sanatorium in 1–3 years after the treatment termination. A positive result — “effective treatment” was established in 73 (84 %) from 87 patients, with newly diagnosed ophthalmic tuberculosis and its recurrences — in 85 % and 83 %, respectively (p 0.05). A significant advantage was found in effective treatment prevalence at remote terms in patients with tuberculous chorioretinitis when compared to anterior uveitis, both in the whole material (p = 0.0004) and in each of the main groups — newly diagnosed ophthalmic tuberculosis (p = 0.0004) and its recurrences (p = 0.02). The lack of phthisioophthalmologists in 46.6 % of anti-tuberculosis dispensaries renders the control of treatment quality more difficult..
Individual psychological stress-resistance of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Bryndina Irina Georgiyevna , Zharov Viktor Vladimirovich , Glazachev Oleg Stanislavovich , Gizzatullina Yekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2015

In the study, indices of individual stress-resistance were investigated in 122 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using the “Stress-resistance” battery of psychological tests. A predominance of patients with “lowered and low” individual stress-resistance among examined patients was found, as well as an absence of this individual characteristic lowering in patients with “acceptable” POAG characteristics at baseline by increasing disease duration.
The oxygen-induced retinopathy as an experimental model of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Konikova Olga Aleksandrovna , Brzheskiy Vladimir Vsevolodovich , Fedotova Yelena Pavlovna , Nasyrov Ruslan Abdulayevich
Published: September 2015

The experimental model of retinopathy of prematurity was developed on the base of an oxygen-induced retinopathy in newborn. Wistar rats. This model was meant to investigate histopathological and functional manifestations of the disease. The study was performed on 60 newborn Wistar rats. The main experimental group included 34 animals with induced retinopathy of prematurity, the control group — 26 experimental animals. The predominating morphological manifestations of the oxygen-induced retinopathy were photoreceptor apoptosis, and the development of pathological intraretinal vascularization. Histological and electrophysiological changes were also detected even before the formation of clinical signs of retinopathy. There was a significant impairment of immature retina architectonic after induced hyperoxia.
Issues of interaction and cooperation between prescribers and pharmaceutical companies
Authors: Morozova Natalya Arkadyevna
Published: September 2015

The prescription of a specific drug to treat a patient is influenced by the patient’s medical condition, the prescriber’s medical knowledge, and the pharmaceutical industry’s influence on the prescriber. This paper describes the different areas of interaction and cooperation between the prescriber and the pharmaceutical industry. This relationship is discussed in light of the requirements of the Federal law of the Russian Federation regarding the restrictions imposed on the prescribers. Problems of application of the standards of the law are discussed and ways of elimination of gaps of the legislation are offered.
A comparative study of Xalatan and Xalacom (Pfizer, USA) efficacy in the treatment of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma
Authors: Apostolova Anastasiya Sergeevna
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Xalatan (Pfizer, USA) and Xalacom (Pfizer, USA) in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma therapy. We observed 41 patients (53 eyes) with PEG, 16 of them were men and 25 women. Treatment period was 24 months. The main group (20 patients, 28 eyes) instilled Xalatan, the comparison group (21 patients, 25 eyes) instillated Xalacom once before bedtime (8 p. m.). In the Xalatan group, IOP decreased from 23.75 ± 0.576 mm Hg at baseline to 18.93 ± 0.337 mm Hg at 6 Month visit, and increased again up to 22.00 ± 0,542 mm Hg by the end of 24 months period. In the Xalacom group, IOP decreased from 22.00 ± 0.552 at baseline to 19.67 ± 0.47 at 6 Months visit and did not increase significantly to the 24 Month visit. Glaucoma stabilization was registered in both groups. MD index improved at 12 Months visit from –5.16 ± 0.61 to –4.21 ± 0.66, without significant changes till Visit 24 Month in the Xalatan group. MD index improved for the entire period of observation from –5.57 ± 0.64 to 4.82 ± 0.69 in the Xalatan group. These results allow us to recommend Xalatan and Xalacom as medications of choice for PEG treatment, especially taking into consideration possible risk of glaucomatous optic neuropathy progression.
Torpedo Maculopathy
Authors: Cherney Edward
Published: September 2015

Based on literature data and own clinical experience this article summarizes the clinical findings on Torpedo maculopathy. The author of the present article hopes that these materials could help ophthalmologists in practice in diagnosing this disease.
Outpatients’ eye demodecosis in St. Petersburg [according to St. Petersburg state budget health institution «Diagnostic Center №7 (ophthalmic)» data]
Authors: Sokolov Vitaly Olegovich , Morozova Natalia Vladimirovna , Polovinkina Galina Viktorovna , Khramtzova Marina Alexandrovna
Published: September 2015

The authors presented existing evidence in the literature and their own research on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of eye demodecosis. Data are presented on its prevalence among St. Petersburg population for 13 years (from 2000 to 2012).
Rare case of refractive anomaly from clinical practice
Authors: Simakova Irina Leonidovna , Kirillov Yuriy Alekseyevich , Chernysh Valeriy Fedorovich , Korovenkov Ruslan Ivanovich
Published: September 2015

The rare case of interior lenticonus is described in this article. Authors consider that an interior lenticonus is the cause of development high myopia and compound myopic astigmatism.
Indices of the volume of the bony orbit and its soft tissues ratio in health, and their role in the differential diagnosis of the different forms of thyroid ophthalmopathy
Authors: Yatsenko Oleg Yuryevich
Published: September 2015

Over the last several years, there has been is a keen interest in studying the normal anatomy of the bony orbit and of its soft-tissue content. However, publications on the different volumes of the normal bony orbit ratios as well as on those of its soft-tissue content in health and orbital diseases, are extremely rare and not comprehensive. In the present article, ratios of the bony orbit volume and of its soft-tissue content are calculated in health, and their role in diagnosis of different orbital diseases is defined. To study normal indices of the bony orbit and of its content, computed tomography images of 210 people (266 orbits) were investigated, as well as tomograms of 294 patients (559 orbits) with thyroid ophthalmopathy. In all patients computed tomography was performed according to a standard method with axial and frontal sections (section thickness 1.0 mm, slice spacing 1.0 mm). The result of the study is that ratios of the volume characteristics of the bony orbit volume and of its soft-tissue content play an important role in confirming individual asymmetry of orbital structures as well as in differential diagnosis in different orbital diseases.
Local cytokine status of experimental animalsat experimental intraocular implantationof titanium nickelide
Authors: Steblyuk Aleksey Nikolayevich , Kolesnikova Natalya Vladislavovna , Gyunter Viktor Eduardovich
Published: September 2015

An assessment of the level of pro- (IL1β, FNOα, IL2) and anti-inflammatory (IL10) cytokines in the intraocular fluid of experimental animals at 3, 7 and 30 days after experimental intraocular implantation of porous titanium nickelide TN-10 was carried out. It was found that the implantation of porous titanium nickelide as drainage material does not impact the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines’ local balance. It does cause an increase of IL1β, IL2 and IL10 production to the end of the first week of monitoring as well as a substantial limitation of anti-inflammatory FNOα synthesis. However at the end of the 30 day monitoring period, local IL1β and IL10 concentrations corresponded to those of control animals. At the same time, of some significance are obtained data upon a modulation of a caused by the surgical procedure disbalance in the system of local pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines which is observed at the titanium nickelide TN-10 intraocular implantation.
The tolerability and clinical efficacy of “OKOMISTIN” in combination with “Oftalmoferon” in comparison to “Oftalmoferon” as monotherapy in the treatment of adenoviral eye diseases
Authors: Astakhov Yury Sergeevich , Sokolov Vitaly Olegovich , Morozova Natalia Vladimirovna , Borisov Dmitrii Alexandrovich , Polovinkina Galina Viktorovna , Golikova Yelena Leonidovna , Botova Natal’ya Viktorovna
Published: September 2015

Rationale. Adenovirus accounts for 48% to 62% of the cases of acute conjunctivitis [3, 4], and causes significant morbidity. Because of this, an important goal of clinical research is to find new medications which are effective in reducing the symptoms and which are easily tolerated. Objective. To estimate the tolerability and clinical efficacy of “Okomistin” in combination with “Oftalmoferon” in comparison to “Oftalmoferon” as monotherapy in the treatment of adenoviral eye diseases. Material and methods. 42 patients with adenoviral conjunctivitis were monitored. Their age ranged from19 to 59 years. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group and the control group. Patients of the main group received instillations of “Oftalmoferon” 6-8 times a day and those of “Okomistin” qid, patients of the control group - instillations of “Oftalmoferon” 6-8 times a day as monotherapy. Results. Combined use of “Okomistin” and “Oftalmoferon” significantly decreases the time of clinical recovery, is well tolerated, and does not cause toxic and allergic reactions. Conclusion. Combined use of “Okomistin” and “Oftalmoferon” in comparison to “Oftalmoferon” as monotherapy is more effective, but necessitates the use of ophthalmic lubricants.
“Hylabak” and “Theagel” use for dry eye syndrome in diabetic patients
Authors: Grigorieva Niurguyana Nikolaevna , Panfilova Mariya Viktorovna , Stepanova Elena Nikolaevna , Shadrichev Fedor Evgenievich
Published: September 2015

During last ten years the prevalence of diabetes mellitus significantly increased. Taking into consideration the role of metabolic impairments in the pathogenesis of diabetes and of dry eye syndrome, the increase in number of patients suffering from kerato-conjunctival xerosis on the background of carbohydrate metabolism disorder is highly predictive. This is favored also by the fact that type 2 diabetes, assuring the main increase in disease incidence, is constantly “rejuvenating”, more and more covering a substantial group of a socially-active part of population, which assumes a modern life-style with all the adverse effects accompanying hasty urbanization. The article is dedicated to the comprehensive dry eye syndrome treatment in diabetic patients.
Preventive surgical combination treatment of postoperative malignant glaucoma
Authors: Tarasov Konstantin Leonidovich , Grigor’ev Stepan Grigor’evich , Reituzov Vladimir Alexeevich , Eskina Erika Naumovna
Published: September 2015

A retrospective analysis of 90 patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, treated in the Laser medicine clinic “Sphera” and “Tarasov’s Ophthalmology center” was performed, a mathematical model for prediction of postoperative malignant glaucoma development has been worked out. Clinical efficacy of developed by the authors comprehensive preventive microinvasive surgical procedure proved its efficacy in 12 patients with high risk of postoperative malignant glaucoma development.
Quality of life changes after surgical treatment of retinal detachment
Authors: Al-Rashid Z Zh , Malyshev Aleksey Vladislavovich , Lysenko Ol’ga Igorevna
Published: September 2015

Purpose. To study the effect of vitrectomy in retinal detachment (RD) treatment on the quality of life (QOL) of patients. Methods. We examined 67 patients who underwent surgical treatment of RD. QOL was assessed by VFQ-25 questionnaire before surgery and after 1 week and 6 months of it. Results. When assessing QOL before surgery, there was a significant reduction of the total QOL index by an average of 35% in comparison to the control group (p 0.001). In the late postoperative period, a progressive increase of the total QOL index and visual function was recorded. Conclusion. Vitrectomy for the treatment of retinal detachment improves patients’ visual function and quality of life.
Сollagen cross-linking: new opportunities in treatment of corneal diseases
Authors: Novikov Sergey Aleksandrovich , Zakharova Olga Aleksandrovna , Zhabrunova Mariya Aleksandrovna , Beldovskaya Nataliya Yuryevna , Onishchenko Yekaterina Sergeyevna
Published: September 2015

In this review, the collagen cross-linking is considered as one of promising methods to treat corneal diseases. Present-day ideas about the cross-linking’s mechanism of action and indications for this procedure are covered. Results of this method application for various nosological forms of ophthalmic diseases are presented both from literature data and own experience. Main directions of this method’s further improvement are designated.
Optical coherence tomography: how it all began, and present-time diagnostic capabilities
Authors: Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Belekhova Svetlana Georgiyevna
Published: September 2015

The optical coherence tomography is a modern method to assist the ophthalmologist examine the eye fundus. Tomographs have a very high resolution and give the ophthalmologist a in real-time mode in vivo a detailed examination of retinal, optic nerve and choroidal structures. A continual improvement of this technique offers great opportunities and is not only of scientific but also of practical interest.
A clinical experience of atopic keratoconjunctivitis treatment
Authors: Bakunina Natalya Alexandrovna
Published: September 2015

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a nosologic form seen very frequently in multifunctional hospitals, as it co-exists with systemic diseases. In the present article, a clinical case of an extended treatment of a patient without any permanent improvement is described, because AKC was not recognized until cataract development and hospitalization for cataract surgery. The surgical procedure served as a releaser for AKC exacerbation, what allowed to put a correct diagnosis and to work out an adequate treatment regimen, based on immunomodulating Restasis® eye drops.
Astigmatism correction in highly hyperopic patients - which way to choose?
Authors: Astakhov Sergey Yuryevich , Khripun Kirill Vladimirovich
Published: September 2015

Purpose. To assess the efficacy and safety of implanting a supplementary toric intraocular lens (IOL) in the ciliary sulcus in one eye and a toric IOL in the fellow eye in highly hyperopic patients with concomitant astigmatism. Methods. This study included highly hyperopic patients (axial length 21.3-22.0 mm) with concomitant regular corneal astigmatism. The group consist of 6 patients aged from 40 to 76 years. Supplementary IOL (Sulcoflex Toric 653T, Rayner) was implanted in the ciliary sulcus in the pseudophakic eye 1 month after previous phacoemulsification surgery. A toric IOL (AcrySof IQ Toric, Alcon) was implanted in the fellow eye. Postoperative follow-up visits were performed at 1 week, 1 month and 6 months. Results. Postoperatively, in all patients UDVA (uncorrected distance visual acuity) improved and remained stable throughout the follow-up period. Lower visual acuity in the eyes with toric IOLs is associated with errors in IOL calculation, occurring often in “short eyes”. Conclusion. Using different IOL types for astigmatism correction in highly hyperopic patients is justified and can give good visual results. A “short eye” is not a contraindication for supplementary IOL implantation, but it is necessary to perform laser iridotomy to minimize the risk of pupillary block.
Is it possible to determine general pathways for the ocular tuberculosis therapy efficiency enhancement based on the treatment experience?
Authors: Ustinova Yelena Ivanovna
Published: September 2015

The analysis of 5-year material on patient population characteristics in the federal phthisioophthalmological sanatorium (4284 patients) demonstrates an insufficient prophylactic health assessment of patients as well as a high recurrence rate of ocular tuberculosis in the Russian Federation. The analysis of treatment results in the sanatorium based on data of 140 patients from the follow-up monitoring group 1 with terms of treatment on the preceding stage not exceeding 2 months allowed revealing significant fault reasons. In dispensaries, a treatment process not considering sub-groups (newly diagnosed process, or recurrence) was found, as well as insufficient period and amount of chemotherapy, insufficient number of phtisioophthalmologists, lack of specialized ophthalmological beds in tuberculosis clinics, etc. The efficacy of recommended methods is confirmed, which take into consideration the peculiarities of ocular tuberculosis therapy, as well as the regulations of the Order Health Care Ministry of the Russian Federation approved in 2003. In the conclusions, the necessity to improve the organization of medical and diagnostic care for ocular tuberculosis patients and to publish corresponding federal guidelines is presented.
Medically induced glaucoma
Authors: Vitovskaya Oksana Petrovna
Published: September 2015

The last decades have seen an increase of steroid use in ophthalmology to treat various diseases. These include allergic conjunctivitis, uveitis of different etiologies, age-related macular degeneration, central serous retinopathy, and post-operative complications, etc. In addition, recently, ophthalmologists have noted an increasing frequency of uncontrolled steroid use by patients. This could lead to ocular hypertension and steroid induced glaucoma. Recent data on prevalence, causes and pathogenesis of steroid induced glaucoma are presented in the article.
The influence of prostaglandin analogs on the retinal thickness after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in primary open-angle glaucoma patients
Authors: Astakhov Sergey Yuryevich , Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Gobedzhishvili Medeya Vakhtangovna
Published: September 2015

Retinal OCT measurements were analyzed after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. A total of 190 patients (205 eyes) were examined. Two different groups were analyzed. Patients in Group 1 (32 eyes) had been treated with prostaglandin analogs before surgery (phacoemulsification or phacoemulsification + pressure lowering procedure) and after it when needed. However, these drops were stopped one day prior to surgery. Patients in Group 2 (173 eyes) were used as the control. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 12 months. During the entire follow-up period, in all patients had OCT monitoring at the 2nd-3rd day after surgery, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The OCT measurements were not statistically different between Group 1 (32 eyes) and Group 2 (173 eyes). According to our results, there was no significant influence of pre-operative prostaglandin use on the retinal thickness when compared to patients not using this therapy.
The surgical experience in recurrent retinal detachments after episcleral procedures
Authors: Aliev Abdul-Gamid Davudovich , Sharipova Dzhenet Nabievna , Aliev Akhmed Gamidovich , Mikailova Maysarat Tinamagomedovna
Published: September 2015

The two major surgical treatments of retinal detachments are episcleral and intravitreal procedures. There is no general consensus as to which procedure is the most appropriate for this complex disease. The aim of the study was to define differentiated surgical tactics, and to look at five year results of extrascleral surgical procedures based upon clinical and statistical analysis. . The results showed that primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) stage A is an indication for episcleral buckling if tears are located in the retinal periphery. If there are multiple tears, a concomitant macular hole or a large flap tear, the surgery may also include drainage of subretinal fluid, intravitreal air or gas injection, and avoidance of the use of cryotherapy. The causes for 19 recurrences that required subsequent vitreoretinal surgery are: PVR progression after surgery and as a consequence of it a retinal detachment recurrence, epiretinal fibrosis, subretinal proliferation.
Morphometric and hemodynamic features of the age-related macular degeneration course in combined pathology: age-related macular degeneration in association with glaucoma
Authors: Panova Irina Evgen’yevna , Ermak Elena Mikhaylovna , Shaimova Tat’yana Anatol’yevna , Galin Aleksey Yur’yevich
Published: September 2015

Purpose. To determine the characteristics of anatomical retinal changes and of the choroidal blood flow in patients with combined pathology: age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Materials and methods. We investigated two study groups (SG): SG1 - AMD in association with POAG, 113 patients; SG2 - AMD without glaucomatous nerve damage , 92 patients; mean age - 71.9 ± 9.3 years. Measurements of the neuro-sensory retina (NSR) thickness and of the ganglion cells complex (GCC) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in manual regimen (42 eyes in SG1, 38 eyes in SG2) and the estimation of choroidal blood flow (HBF) by ultrasonography (18 eyes in SG1, 38 eyes in SG2) were performed in two areas: area I - 4 mm laterally to the optic nerve head; area II - 4 mm medially to the optic nerve head. Results. The GCC thickness in patients with combined pathology (SG1) was significantly lower than in patients with AMD (IG2) in the areas I and II; the thickness index of the GCC was significantly reduced in SG1 in areas I and II, whereas in SG2 this index was increased. Significant differences of HBF in areas I and II in SG1 were found, as well as reduced peak systolic flow velocity, the time-averaged maximum velocity of blood flow, maximum end-diastolic flow velocity, as compared with SG2. The index of peripheral resistance was reduced in SG1 in area I and increased in area II, whereas in SG2 it was increased in area I and reduced in area II. Conclusion. In patients with combined pathology - AMD and POAG - NSR thickness was reduced due to the thinning of the ganglion cell layer and the formation of an ischemic pattern of choroidal blood flow in the macula and medially to the optic nerve head.
Grönblad-Strandberg syndrome
Authors: Timokhov Vladimir Leonidovich , Rusanovskaya Anna Vladimirovna
Published: September 2015

The Grönblad-Strandberg syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by mineralization of elastic fibers in the skin, blood vessels, and the eye. Skin lesions are represented by flat xanthomatous ivory-white nodules. Eye lesions are divided into stages. In the first stage, there is angioid streak formation. In the second stage, subretinal neovascular membranes may form. If this occurs in the subfoveal area, the patient may lose central vision. The third stage is characterized by scarring.
Optical coherence tomography can be used in evaluation of morphological and functional results after successful rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery with different tamponade agents
Authors: Avanesova Tat'yana Andreevna
Published: September 2015

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings are helpful in assessing the cause of reduced visual acuity (VA) after successful rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery. Objective: To study anatomical and functional results after successful RRD surgery with gas-air mixture or silicone oil (SO) tamponade using OCT. Materials and methods. 70 patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (n = 34) - gas-air mixture tamponade; group II (n = 36) - SO tamponade. At baseline, were no significant differences by gender, age and VA between the groups. Follow-up was 12 months after the surgery. OCT was performed with the Cirrus HD-OCT 4000, CARL ZEISS MEDITEC, USA. Results: VA increased significantly in both groups. Regression analysis showed lower VA in group II and statistically significant association between VA and IS/OS and ELM defects. Сonclusions. There is a strong association of disruption of the IS/OS and ELM with reduced vision after successful retinal detachment surgery. Gas-air mixture tamponade showed some benefits in comparison with SO tamponade.
A comparative evaluation of antimicrobial eye drops cytotoxicity
Authors: Aleksandrova Olga Igorevna , Okolov Igor Nikolaevich , Takhtaev Yuri Victorovich , Khorolskaya Juliya Igorevna , Hintuba Tamara Slavikovna , Blinova Miralda Ivanovna
Published: September 2015

In addition to the spectrum of antibacterial activity of antimicrobial medicines and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, their safety is also an important issue. Currently, there is no consensus on the fluoroquinolone toxicity. The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro the overall cytotoxic effect of six antibacterial fluoroquinolone eye drops: 1. Cipromed™ (ciprofloxacin 0.3 %; Sentiss Pharma Pvt. Ltd., India); 2. Floxal™ (ofloxacin 0.3 %; Dr. Gerhard Mann, Chem.-Pharm. Fabrik GmbH, Germany); 3. Oftaquix™ (levofloxacin 0.5 %; Santen Oy, Finland); 4. Signicef® (levofloxacin 0.5 %; Sentiss Pharma Pvt. Ltd., India); 5. Vigamox® (moxifloxacin 0.5 %; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., USA); 6. Zymar® (gatifloxacin 0.3 %; Allergan Sales LLC, USA). The study showed the possibility of using cultured cells for comparative evaluation of cytotoxic effects of various ophthalmic preparations. We found that tested antimicrobial medicines may have a cytostatic effect in vitro and differ in their cytotoxic potential.
Pharmacoeconomic aspects of glaucoma therapy with prostaglandin analogues in patients with signs of ocular surface disease
Authors: Rudakova Alla Vsevolodovna
Published: September 2015

Treatment of glaucoma is prevalent in modern healthcare. The standard of care at this time in the majority of glaucoma patients is to be treated with prostaglandin analogues. The aim of the present study was to compare the cost-effectiveness and the effect on the daily quality of life of preservative-free tafluprost to benzalkonium chloride (BAK) preserved latanoprost ophthalmic solutions which are present on the Russian market. In the patients with signs of ocular surface disease. Material and methods. The cost calculation was carried out on the basis of the weighted average retail price in Moscow from March 2015. The research was carried out over a 1 yeartime period. At the assessment, we assumed that clinical efficacy of the compared drugs did not differ; but at the same time the absence of the negative impact of treatment on patients’ quality of life (QoL), assessed by COMTol questionnaire, was observed in 30 % of patients treated with BAK-preserved latanoprost and in 52 % of patients treated with preservative-free tafluprost. Results and discussion. The costs of glaucoma treatment with preservative-free tafluprost and with branded BAK-preserved latanoprost are now comparable. The cost per 1 patient without the negative impact of treatment on patients’ QoL for tafluprost (Taflotan®) was 42.6 % lower than that for branded latanoprost (Xalatan®), 72.7 % higher than that for the generic latanoprost Glaumax®, and 24.3 % higher than that for the generic latanoprost Latanomol™. The analysis of the results’ sensitivity to changes in the cost of drugs in real limits demonstrated their high reliability. When taking a decision on the reimbursement for prostaglandin analogues, one should be aware that generic latanoprost ophthalmic solutions may differ significantly from the branded drug both in physical and chemical properties as well as in clinical efficacy and safety. Conclusion. Preservative-free tafluprost and branded BAK-preserved latanoprost are characterized by comparable clinical efficacy whereas preservative-free tafluprost has better tolerability. At a comparable cost of treatment, preservative-free tafluprost has a higher cost-effectiveness. This allows recommending its inclusion in regional and federal programs for the treatment of glaucoma in patients with ocular surface disease signs.