bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milliyetçilik Bağlamında Bahoz/Fırtına Filminin Söylem Analizi
Authors: GÖNCÜ Semih , SİM Şükrü
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışma sinema ve milliyetçilik ilişkisinin irdelenmesine dair literatüre bir
katkı sağlama amacındadır. Çalışmada bu kapsamda Kazım Öz’ün 2008 yılında
gösterime giren Bahoz / Fırtına filmi milliyetçilik bağlamında söylem analizine
tabi tutulacaktır. Bu filmin seçilme nedeni ise gerek işlediği konunun gerekse
yönetmenin açıklamalarının Kürt milliyetçiliğine dair söylemsel bir yapıya işaret
etmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Çünkü yönetmen Kazım Öz “Kürt Sineması” icra
ettiğini ifade ederek, sinemasını mevcut bilinen sinema pratiklerinden ayrı bir
noktada konumlandırmaktadır. Bununla beraber film 1990’ların yoğun politik
atmosferinde geçmekte ve Kürt siyasi hareketinin üniversite ayağını anlatısının
merkezine yerleştirmektedir. Dolayısıyla film, Kürt milliyetçiliği ve sinema ilişkisinin
irdelenmesine dair uygun bir yapı sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada Kürt milliyetçiliği ve
sinema ilişkisinin irdelenme sebeplerinden birisi de mevcut Türkçe literatürde
bu alanda bir eksiklik bulunmasından dolayıdır. Zira Türk milliyetçiliği ve sinema
ilişkisine dair birçok çalışma bulunurken, Kürt milliyetçiliği ve sinema ilişkisini
doğrudan ele alan bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmada kuramsal zeminin
sağlanması için öncelikle, milliyetçilik ve Kürt milliyetçiliği farklı kuramcılar eşliğinde
açıklanmıştır. Akabinde filmdeki söylemsel yapıyı ortaya çıkartmak için gerekli
teknik olan Teun Van Dijk’ın söylem analiz modeli açıklanmış ve film bu modele
göre çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Filmdeki söylem yapısının Kürt milliyetçiliğine
dair söyleme uyduğu tespit edilmekle birlikte, milliyetçiliğe dair kuramcıların ifade
ettiği çeşitli görüşlerin de film içinde onaylandığı görülmüştür.
Nüfuz Pazarlamasında (Influencer Marketing) Mesaj Stratejileri
Authors: AKTAŞ Aysel , ŞENER Gül
Published: January 2019

Sosyal medya reklamverenlerin hedef kitlelerine ulaşma ve iletişim kurma
biçimlerini de dönüştürmüştür. Tüketiciler tarafından güvenilir ve samimi bilgi
kaynakları olarak görülen ve sosyal medya ünlüleri olarak da nitelenen nüfuzlular
(influencer), elektronik ağızdan ağıza (eWOM) iletişim uygulamalarında baş rolü
üstlenmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla, markalar için Nüfuz Pazarlaması (Influencer Marketing)
pazarlama bütçelerinin ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Nüfuzluların ürettikleri
içerikler, takipçileriyle kurdukları iletişim ve hayata geçirdikleri marka birliktelikleri
çerçevesinde uyguladıkları yöntemlerin başında ise ürün yerleştirme gelmektedir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı; genel anlamda sosyal medyada, özelde Instagram çerçevesinde
farklı hesap kategorilerinde (Moda, Gezi-Seyahat, Makyaj-Güzellik, Sağlık-Yaşam)
içerik üreten nüfuzluların yaptıkları ürün yerleştirmeleri hangi mesaj stratejisi
ile ele aldıklarını incelemektir. Araştırma kapsamında, 8 makro nüfuzlunun 799
Instagram paylaşımı içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve bulgular paylaşılmıştır.
Çalışmanın sonuçları, makro nüfuzluların en çok transformasyonel (dönüşümsel)
mesaj stratejilerini kullandıklarını ve tüketicileri duygusal çekiciliklerle etkilemeye
çalıştıklarını ortaya koymaktadır.
Y Kuşağının İnternetten Alışverişe Yönelik Tutumları: Nicel Bir Araştırma
Authors: BİLGİLİER Hidaye Aydan Silkü
Published: January 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Y kuşağının internetten alışverişe yönelik tutumlarının ne
yönde olduğunu belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada 1980-2000 yılları
arasında doğan ve Y kuşağı olarak adlandırılan yeni nesil gençlerin internetten
alışverişe yönelik tutumlarının yönünü belirlemek üzere bir araştırma planlanmıştır.
Araştırma örneklemi, Y kuşağını temsilen İletişim Fakültesi, Halkla İlişkiler ve
Tanıtım, Reklamcılık, Radyo, Televizyon ve Sinema, Gazetecilik Bölümlerinin 1.
Öğretiminde okuyan lisans öğrencilerinden olmak üzere toplam 547 öğrenciden
oluşmaktadır (n=547). Araştırmada Silkü (2009) tarafından geliştirilen “İnternette
Alışverişe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” (İAYTÖ) ile kişisel bilgi formu uygulanmıştır.
Araştırma verilerine; frekans, tek yönlü varyans analizi, t testi, çoklu karşılaştırma
testi analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, Y kuşağını temsil eden İletişim
Fakültesi lisans öğrencilerinin internetten alışverişe yönelik tutumlarının olumlu
yönde olduğunu ve bu durumun bölümlere, yaşa, cinsiyete, aylık gelir durumuna,
internetten alışveriş yapma durumuna, internetten alışveriş yapma sıklığına,
internetten ürün/hizmet satın alma yılına, alışveriş ödeme şekline göre pozitif
yönde değiştiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Yeni Medya Okuryazarlığı: Yeni Beceriler/Olanaklar/Riskler
Authors: KARADUMAN Sibel
Published: January 2019

Yeni medya okuryazarlığı dijital yetkinlik ve becerileriyle, sağladığı çevrimiçi olanaklarla ve taşıdığı risklerle önemli bir tartışma alanıdır. Çünkü günümüz medya araçlarının mobilizasyonu, akıllı telefonlar aracılığıyla zaman ve mekan farketmeksizin ağa bağlanma durumu ve kolay erişilebilirlik, yeni medya araçlarını yaşamımızın merkezine taşımıştır. Yeni iletişim teknolojilerindeki hız ve değişim özellikle çocuklar ve gençler için yeni olanaklar ve riskler barındırır. Yeni medya ortamı ve araçları, günümüzde sosyal ilişkileri belirleyen, dönüştüren, biçimlendiren ve yeni formlar kazandıran sosyal bir role sahiptir. Teknoloji tarafından aracılanmış iletişim ilişkileri, çevrimiçi davranış ve tutumlar birçok araştırmaya konu olmaktadır. Sürekli ağda ya da bağlantıda olma durumu, gençlerin sosyal kimlik inşasında önemli bir yer tuttuğu gibi, içerisinde birçok riski de taşımaktadır. Geleneksel medya karşısında medya okuryazarı olması gereken birey, günümüzün dijital gelişmeleriyle yenilenen, değişen çoklu medya mecraları ve üretimleri karşısında çok daha bilinçli ve eğitimli olmak zorundadır. Bu bağlamda bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki yapısal değişim ve dönüşümler yeni medya okuryazarlığını ve yeni okuryazarlık becerilerini, çevrimiçi olanaklar ve riskleri tartışmayı gerekli kılmıştır. Bu çalışma, bu kavramlar odağında yeni medya okuryazarlığı alanına ilişkin bir durum tespiti yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. 21. yüzyılın dijital yeterlik ve becerilerine sahip, çevrimiçi olanakları maksimum düzeyde kullanabilen, çevrimiçi risklerin de farkında olup minimum düzeye indirebilen bireylerin, yeni medya okuryazarlığı eğitimiyle yetişmesi gerekliliği kavramsal tartışmanın sonucunda ortaya konmuştur.
KYIV UKRAINIAN COMMUNITY AND ST. VOLODYMYR UNIVERSITY. THE PLOT OF THE NATIONAL SELF- FULFILLMENT
Authors: Nahaiko K.
Published: January 2019

This article covers the relationship between Kyiv Ukrainian community as the main formation mover of the national movement in Ukraine in the second decade of the 19 th century and the unification center for Ukrainian scientific- educational elite – St.Volodymyr University. In the context of the establishment of bourgeois society in Europe universities emerged as the main centers which impacted on formation of a national identity of citizens. They became the biggest centers of development of progressive ideas in the south-western part of the Russian Empire which made a tangible impact for its public and political life. According to the Western European example these educational institutions turned into outposts of establishments of a national idea. Due to strong mental potential in their environment the ideas were formed which stimulated self-realization of ‘distinct nations’ that lived in the areas of the Empire. Their practical application occurred both in the cultural and in the political areas. Great importance in these processes was made by Kyiv National St. Volodymyr University. The idea of political separateness as one of European nations progressed among progressive scientific-cultural sphere there. The efforts of Ukrainophiles community made the national desire meaningful by putting forward the ideas of commonwealth in the form of autonomy and then its independent Republic.
Verbal data in a quantitative assessment of ways of presenting visual objects
Authors: Lobodinskaya E.A. , Nosulenko V.N.
Published: January 2019

The article demonstrates the possibilities of using verbal analysis to quantify the data obtained in an experimental study of the perception of emotional expressions. It is shown that the verbal data adequately characterize the features of perception of images in different situations. Analysis of these data using methods developed in the framework of the paradigm of perceived quality provides quantitative indicators of their significance, depending on the type of perceived image and the conditions for its presentation. It was found that the least successful identification of the expression embedded in the image is characteristic of the situation of a “stroboscopic” presentation. This made it possible to draw concrete conclusions about the methods of video editing during the creation of cognitive experience transfer systems.
Nonverbal predictors in the estimates of truthful and deceptive statements
Authors: Barabanschikov V.A. , Zhegallo A.V. , Khoze E.G. , Solomonova A.V.
Published: January 2019

A microstructural analysis of perception of a partner in communication was carried out. Mute video recordings of 15 clips of a structured conversation in which communicants expressed true and false judgments, were subjected to complex coding. In each 40 ms frame 51 nonverbal signs/102 binary markers indicating the state of the facial zones, the nature of the movements of the head, hands and body were considered. Based on expert estimates, the proportion of frames was calculated, in which each of the markers is present at selected time intervals. Looking at the video clips, 35 observers intuitively, by external features, determined the fragments when the communicator is telling truth and when lying. The frequency and time of occurrence of markers were analyzed. Frequency regression models of “true” and “false” response of communicants were built. It is shown that the required estimates are performed by the observer 1.5—2 seconds before the answer. High-frequency features form a stable core of the impression of the reliability of the communicator’s judgments, complemented with changeable low-frequency features explaining the growth of explanatory power of regression models. Markers have been identified that contribute to adequate perception of the reliability of information reported. The style of non-verbal behavior of people implementing alternative communication strategies is described.
Features of Volitional Regulation of Kabardians, Komi, Tuvinians and Russians
Authors: Shlyapnikov V.N.
Published: January 2019

The results of comparative study of the characteristics of volitional regulation among representatives of Kabardians, Komi, Russians and Tuvans are presented. A total of 100 representatives of peoples were surveyed: Kabandis living in the city of Nalchik; Komi living in Syktyvkar; Russians living in Moscow; Tuvans living in Kyzyl. To diagnose the individual characteristics of volitional regulation of the respondents, the following methods were used: “Action-control scale” by Yu. Kuhl, “Questionnaire for revealing the expression of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior”, self-appraisals of volitional qualities.It is revealed that the compared groups differ significantly in all measured indicators: the highest values are observed in the group of Tuvans, followed by Kabardians, Komi, the lowest values are observed in the group of Russians. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the presence of differences in the indices of volitional regulation among representatives of the compared ethnic groups.
Eyetracking technology usage in cognitive experience preservation and transferring task
Authors: Zhegallo A.V.
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the possibility of using eyetracking technology when solving the problem of preserving and transmitting cognitive experience. Video recording of the process for which this task is being solved may contain key elements, the control and management of dynamic properties of which are essential components of cognitive experience. In the example with the “invisible gorilla”, intentionally incorrectly instruction leads to the fact that the essential characteristics of the system are not detected by the observers. Registration of eye movements of an expert, who transmits cognitive experience, performed in addition to the procedure of cooperative debriefing, makes it possible to identify such key elements and their dynamic patterns. In the future, based on the analysis performed, it is possible to create training programs for cognitive experience transfer systems.
In vivo endomicroscopic features of distal airways in chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Danilevskaya O. V. , Averyanov A. V.
Published: January 2019

Relevance: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) of distal airways is a unique technology that allows real-time visualization of structures containing natural fluorophores, which are emitted by exposure to laser radiation with a wavelength of 488 nm, in vivo. To date, the endomicroscopic features of the distal respiratory tract have not been adequately studied in lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis.
The goal of the present study is to describe the endomicroscopic signs of the distal parts of the respiratory system in chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis.
Methods: A total of 21 patients with emphysematous and bronchitic phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis were examined. All the patients have undergone CLE of distal airways or alveoloscopy during bronchoscopy. The most pathognomonic changes were evaluated on the obtained endomicroscopic images.
Results: For each studied nosological form of chronic inflammatory lung diseases, by careful morphometric analysis of a significant number of informative images, the most specific endomicroscopic changes were identified with the release of CLE patterns.
Conclusions: CLE of distal airways in patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases allows visualizing changes in the elastic framework of the acini, as well as identifying pathological intraluminal contents, which can be attributed to valuable additional tools in a row of diagnostic methods of respiratory medicine.
Business in Technological, Marketing and Social Perspectives: A Progress in Strategic and Human Resource Management
Authors: Fu Pei Hua , Jonathan Tchamy , Bano Najma
Published: January 2019

Progress in globalization has made many nations to see China as a fast-growing country in terms of technology, infrastructure, manufacturing and production of goods and services. In spite of these developments, there is still a room of research for resolving the uneven distribution of income which has caused political and socio-economic problems in the country. The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of Human Resources Management and Talent Management in bringing improvement in enterprise capabilities to stand in the market. The method adopted in this paper is the systemic literature reviewer focused on the qualitative analysis of studies focused on strategic and human resource management. This research review finds that these human-related managements are crucial requirement to build company capabilities. However, as the the company keeps growing, performance and development of employee need to keep up to cover up the global market. Giving some guidance, training, and practice may be one of the proper investments in developing the capabilities. Customer loyalty is an influential factor in the performance of the company.
Prescription pattern of antimicrobials in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana, India
Authors: Begum Md. Amirunnisa , Sowmya B. Krishna , Shailendra D.
Published: January 2019

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological condition during which immune system is weakened. Therefore, most women are prone to develop infections during this period for which antimicrobials are prescribed. Drugs used during pregnancy may lead to teratogenicity. Therefore, this study was done with the following objectives: 1.to determine the type of infections encountered, 2.to assess the prescription profile of antimicrobials and 3.to assess FDA categories of antimicrobials used in pregnant women in a tertiary care center in Telangana, India.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted on pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS) from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2018.Results: Out of a total of 165 cases enrolled, 57 (34.5%) cases were prescribed antimicrobials and 108 (65.5%) were treated symptomatically. The mean (SD) age of women who were prescribed antimicrobials was 22.9 (2.97) years. Of the conditions encountered, respiratory tract infections (RTIs) accounted for 31%, followed by urinary tract infections (UTIs) 26% and gastroenteritis 25%. Most prevalent infections which required antimicrobials prescription were UTIs (36.84%), followed by Gastroenteritis (17.54%). Majority of the antimicrobials prescribed were from Betalactams (40.34%), followed by Nitrofuranes (29.82%), Nitroimidazoles (17.54%) and Antifungals (8.77%). Antimicrobials prescription was more in the 3rd trimester (63.1%), followed by 2nd trimester (31.6%) and 1st trimester (5.3%). Majority of the antimicrobials were administered orally (75.44%), followed by injections (15.79%) and per vaginal route (8.77%). Antimicrobials were mostly prescribed from FDA Category B (96%).Conclusions: RTIs were the most common among the conditions encountered. However, UTIs were the leading cause for antimicrobial prescriptions. Antimicrobials prescription was more during 3rd trimester. Most antimicrobials prescribed were safe as they were from FDA Category B.
Prescription audit and drug utilization pattern in outpatients of psychiatry department of tertiary care teaching hospital: an observational study
Authors: Batta Angelika , Jain Pushpawati , Kalra Bhupinder
Published: January 2019

Background: The domain of psychiatric illnesses is grossly underrepresented in the current health care scenario especially due to overreliance on mortality rather than the morbidity or dysfunction. The field of psycho-pharmacology is witnessing constant development and introduction of new drugs for which holistic utilization, effectiveness, and side effects studies are the need of the hour. In addition, inappropriate use of drugs poses a potential hazard to patients. Our current study aims at studying the morbidity pattern of various psychiatric ailments and focuses on the prescribing trends of psychotropic drugs.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in psychiatry out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital for a period of 12 months. Prescription pattern of psychotropic drugs was analyzed using predesigned format. Prescriptions were collected from OPD and hospital pharmacy. Prescriptions were analysed as per WHO indicators for prescriptions. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.Results: Depression was found to be the most common psychiatric disorder encountered (32.6%). Average number of psychotropic drugs prescribed per patient 2.45±1.013. Antidepressants along with BZD were the most frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs in various psychiatric disorders. Among the total of 2445 psychotropic drugs prescribed, 99.98% were oral formulations. Psychotropic fixed dose combinations were present in 1.68% of the prescriptions. Only 28% of medicines were prescribed by generic names. Utilization of drugs from the WHO’s 18th list of essential medicines of India was 29%. PDD of risperidone was 1.57mg in schizophrenia. Escitalopram, resperidone and propranolol were the most commonly prescribed drugs for mood disorders, schizophrenia and anxiety respectively.Conclusions: The concomitant use of two psychotropic drugs was the preferred therapy. FDC of anti-cholinergics with both typical and atypical antipsychotics were used. Benzodiazepins were significant part of therapy.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamase ESBL producing gram negative bacilli in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Bareilly, India
Authors: Saxena Anju , Singh Sujata , Goyal Rahul , Saxena Sumit
Published: January 2019

Background: The increasing prevalence of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria makes empirical treatment of these infections difficult. Resistance to a wide variety of common antimicrobials has made the proliferation of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains a serious global health concern that has complicated treatment strategies and is very alarming. This study was undertaken to identify ESBL production in various gram negative bacilli isolated and to further study the antibiogram of ESBL producers and their contribution towards anti-microbial resistance.Methods: A total of 2008 samples were taken and studied for positive bacterial growth. Presence of ESBL positivity was detected using Kirby-Bauer sensitivity testing method and their antibiogram was studied. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 20. Chi-square test was applied wherever applicable to check the significant difference among the different groups. p value of ≤0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: A total of 2008 samples were studied. Out of which 655 gave positive bacterial growth and amongst these 312 were ESBL producers. Resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics was observed among ESBL producers and mostly imipenem, colistin and polymyxin B were the antibiotics which were sensitive to most of the strains.Conclusions: The frequency of ESBL producing strains among clinical isolates has been steadily increasing. Advance drug resistance surveillance and development of newer antibiotics is necessary to guide the appropriate and judicious antibiotic use.
Invitro antibacterial activity of Cassia fistula Linn methanolic leaf extracts
Authors: Kamath Bindhu R. , Kizhedath Sabeena
Published: January 2019

Background: Cassia fistula Linn is a plant which is widely grown in India and is used for medicinal purposes. The study was carried out with an objective to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of leaves of Cassia fistula Linn. The aim of the study is to assess antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanolic leaf extract of Cassia fistula Linn against selected clinical isolates.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Cassia fistula was evaluated using agar well diffusion method and to zone of inhibition of extract was determined. Clinical isolates of Staphyloccocus aureus, MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and Proteus were screened.Results: The methanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was not active against E. coli, Proteus, MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract also failed to demonstrate antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.Conclusions: The global emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains is increasing, limiting the effectiveness of current drugs and treatment failure of infections. A novel approach to the prevention of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic species is the use of new compounds that are not based on existing synthetic antimicrobial agents.
Impact of lecture delivery by using PowerPoint presentation and black board and chalk in second year MBBS students in Pharmacology
Authors: Jose Preetha , Thaha Firoz , Varghese Kavitha , Poomali Aruvi
Published: January 2019

Background: The use of electronic media and audio-visual aids for teaching has become increasingly common in medical colleges. This teaching method is considered superior to blackboard and chalk by majority of the students and teachers. But the quality of medical education has not drastically improved in comparison. This study compares the impact of lecture delivery using PowerPoint presentation as opposed to blackboard and chalk in medical students attending pharmacology classes.Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in the second year MBBS students attending pharmacology classes in the Department of Pharmacology at Government Medical College, Thrissur in the year 2017. Students were given lectures on two similar topics, one using PowerPoint presentation and the other using blackboard and chalk by the same teacher. The students were given a post-test after each lecture and marks were analysed using Independent student’s t test. A feedback was also taken from the students regarding the two lecture delivery methods and the data is expressed in percentages.Results: This study was done in 149 medical students who attended pharmacology classes. The students scored significantly higher marks in the post-test when the lecture was taken using black board and chalk (p <0.001). 58% of the students preferred lecture delivery using PowerPoint compared to 38% preferring black board and chalk. 4% of the students considered both methods equally good.Conclusions: Lecture delivery using black board and chalk was found to be more efficacious than power point presentation when the marks of the post-tests were compared. However, majority of the students preferred lecture delivery using power point to blackboard and chalk.
An observational study to find out incidence and pattern of adverse drug reactions among multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients treated under revised national TB control program of India
Authors: Lakhani Preet , Barua Shireen , Singh Divya , Jain Suchi , Kant Surya , Verma Ajay , Sachan Amod K. , Nath Rajendra , Dixit Rakesh K.
Published: January 2019

Background: Between 2006 and 2015, the prevalence of MDR-TB has been found to be as high as 39.9% in some states. Approximately 35.8% of all previously treated patients developed MDR-TB. The objective of the present study was to identify demographic and health characteristics of patients as well as incidence and pattern of the adverse drug reactions caused by antitubercular drugs in MDR-TB patients in a tertiary care hospital of northern India.Methods: This 12 months study of observational study was conducted at a DOTS centre. MDR-TB diagnosed patients treated with DOTS Plus regimen were enrolled after getting informed consent. Patient information was recorded. Patient follow-up was conducted to identify the incidence and pattern of ADRs.Results: A total of 115 patients were enrolled. Maximum number of cases were in the 31-40 age group (25.21%) followed by the 41-50 age group (20.86%). 76 (66.08%) were males and 39 (33.91%) were females. 52 patients (45.21%) had concomitant diseases, out of which 15 (13.04%) were HIV positive and 21 (18.26%) were diabetic. 70 patients (60.86%) developed ADRs. The adverse drug reaction that were seen are -38 (38.76%) cases of gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions, 8 (8.16%) jaundice/hepatitis, 7 (7.14%) impaired hearing/vertigo, 21 (21.24%) central nervous system adverse drug reaction, 6 (6.12%) peripheral neuropathy, 6 (6.12%) rash and itching, 5 (5.10%) arthralgia, 3 (3.06%) renal impairment, 2 (2.04%) hypothyroidism and 2 (2.04%) blurred vision.Conclusions: Determining which population groups are affected most by ADRs can help physicians to better monitor and make an early diagnosis to reduce ADR-related morbidity and mortality.
Efavirinz induced gynecomastia: a case report
Authors: D. Jayalakshmi M. , Torvi Janaki R.
Published: January 2019

Gynecomastia is swelling of the breast tissue in men, caused by an imbalance of the hormones, estrogen and testosterone. Drugs commonly implicated are spironolactone, cimetidine, ketoconazole, hGH, estrogens, hCG, anti-androgens, GnRH analogues and 5-α reductase inhibitors. Medications probably associated with gynecomastia include risperidone, verapamil, nifedipine, omeprazole, alkylating agents, HIV medications (efavirenz), anabolic steroids, alcohol and opioids. HIV infected patients who are treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can develop breast enlargement due to benign and malignant mammary diseases. We report here a case of gynecomastia due to efavirinz.
Drug utilization research: a review
Authors: Meena Dinesh Kumar , Jayanthi M.
Published: January 2019

Data from drug utilization research is an invaluable resource for all stake holders involved in drug and health policies. Drug utilization is “marketing, distribution, prescription and use of drugs in a society, with special emphasis on the resulting medical, social and economic consequences”. Research on drug utilization includes factors related to prescribing, dispensing, administering and intake of medication and its associated events. The ultimate purpose of drug utilization research is to estimate the optimal quality of drug therapy by identifying, documenting, analysing problems in drug utilization and monitoring the consequences. It encourages the prescribers to prescribe correct drug at appropriate dose and affordable price. It contributes to the knowledge of rational use of drugs in the society; whether the drug is being prescribed appropriately, whether the drug is taken in correct dosage, whether the drug is available at affordable price or misused. It provides valuable feedback about the rationality of the prescription to the doctors. It also assesses whether an intervention affects the drug use in the population by examining the outcomes of different types of intervention given to improve rationality in drug use. Drug utilization research can be qualitative or quantitative and can be done by various methods. This review highlights the understanding of various aspects, different designs and WHO guidelines for conducting drug utilization research.
Incidence of rotaviral and adenoviral diarrhoea amongst children under 5 year of age in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Ambhore Jaishree , Ahmed Minhajuddin
Published: January 2019

Background: Rotavirus and Adenovirus is considered to be an important cause of diarrhoea in under five children and the data is very scarce due to decrease testing. This study was done to estimate the incidence, clinical profile and laboratory features among under five children with diarrhoea.Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted in Chirayu Medical College, Bhopal on children aged between 6 months - 5 years hospitalized with acute non-bloody diarrhea with 30 children in each group.Results: Total 328 children were included in the study out of which 216 were males and 112 were females with a male:female ratio 1.9:1. 92(28%) patients were positive for rotavirus out of which 64(19.5%) were males and 28(8.5%) were females in present study.Conclusions: Rotavirus infection is one of the common etiological agents responsible for diarrohea. Rotavirus infection results in disease burden with morbidity and mortality in children and vaccination is the only control measure to decrease the incidence and mortality in children.
Assessment of knowledge and practice on plastics among the professional course students of Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Srinivasan N. , Swarnapriya V. , Felix A. J. W. , Pravin T.
Published: January 2019

Background: The use of plastics made life easy in day to day life. However, the disposal of it remains a public health problem worldwide. Plastic waste are major cause of environment pollution becomes carcinogenic to human, birth defects, impaired immunity, endocrine disruption, development and reproductive effect. Raising the awareness of the different stake holders is suggested by United Nations Environment Programme. Assessing the knowledge and practice of the student community, especially of the professional courses, in this regard is considered as a vital one.Methods: A total of 563 students of professional courses were included in the study. Their knowledge in terms general aspects, ill effects, reuse and practice in terms of usage and disposal were assessed with a questionnaire.Results: 46% of the students found having good knowledge. Only 27.6% were found to have good practice. Though the students have good knowledge on ill effects of plastics, their practice in terms of disposal was less. Significant variations were observed among the students of different courses.Conclusions: Addressing the gap between knowledge and practice in terms of designing messages for proper disposal and avoiding usage of single use plastics at individual and collective level is required.
Impact of WIFS with and without intensive health education on weight change in adolescent anemic school girls of Delhi: a comparative study
Authors: Singh Monika , Rajoura O. P. , Raghavemdra H. A.
Published: January 2019

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a public health alarm in developing countries. Anemia is an indicator of both poor health and poor nutrition. It has been observed that iron deficiency anemia in children and adolescent leads to growth delay. Weekly iron folic acid (WIFS) with health education can significantly reduce prevalence of nutritional anemia and improve growth among adolescents is seen elsewhere in the World. To confirm these results in India, a study was conducted in Delhi to investigate the effect of WIFS and Health education on growth in adolescent school girls.Methods: A school based intervention study was conducted in selected government schools of Delhi. Total of 210 adolescent school girls (11th standard) were included in the study, 106 in intervention group and 104 in control group. The intervention group was given weekly iron folic acid supplementation (WIFS) with health education once a month, while a control group was given only WIFS.Results: A significant weight gain of 2.8 kg was seen in the intervention group, whereas girls in the control group showed 1.8 kg weight gain. The growth increment was greater in the intervention group than control group which was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01).Conclusions: WIFS and health education is recommended for growth promotion among adolescent girls especially who are underweight. Additional programmatic research should be carried out for understanding of the WIFS with health education -growth relationships in adolescence.
Uptake of HIV testing and HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Karnataka
Authors: Srinivas Vani , Patil Rajesh T. , Chandrakantha M. , Prasad T. L. N. , Khaparde Sunil D.
Published: January 2019

Background: This paper presents the prevalence of human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending integrated counselling and testing Centres (ICTC) in selected districts of Karnataka.Methods: A cross sectional study was done at ICTCs. Men and transgenders coming with referral slips from targeted intervention (TI), non-government organizations (NGOs) were considered as MSMs. The basic demographic data, HIV test result and details of post- test counselling were collected in specific format. Data from 13 districts was obtained from April 2009 to March 2010 and comparing the prevalence of HIV among MSM in HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS).Results: Out of 8,276 MSMs in 13 districts, 2808 (33.9%) visited ICTCs with TI NGOs referral slips and were tested for HIV once in a year. The overall prevalence of HIV was 8.6%. Prevalence was highest (17.3%) among men in the age group of 41 to 45 years, illiterates (11.5%), unemployed (11.2%) and divorced and separated (13.3%) and widowed (13.6%) MSMs. Among those tested, 97.7% of MSM underwent post-test counselling and collected their report. The highest HIV prevalence was among MSMs from Mysore district (20.1%), followed by Udupi (19.9%) and Bagalkot (10.6%). Rest of all the other districts had less than 10% of HIV prevalence.Conclusions: The uptake of HIV testing among the MSM with referral slips was low in Karnataka. The prevalence level differs in various districts. There is need for more focused and effective counselling by peer educators for correct and consistent condom usage among illiterate, widowed and unemployed MSMs.
Medicos: knowledge and attitude on Nipah at Malappuram district, India
Authors: Binub Kanniyan
Published: January 2019

Background: A recent epidemic of Nipah virus affected few districts of Malabar in Kerala, Southern India. Eighteen people died, remarking case fatality rate of 94.7%. Early diagnosis within second case by doctors and prompt control activities by the health ministry saved more lives. Objective was to study knowledge and attitude about Nipah among medical students of Malappuram District.Methods: The study was conducted among 200 MBBS students of tertiary medical college at Malappuram district, North Kerala. A pre structured questionnaire was used to study on knowledge and attitude related to Nipah among medical. Then the data was collected, analyzed and entered into Excel. The frequency of awareness among medical students was expressed in proportions.Results: Majority had good attitude and half of them had good knowledge about the disease. Most of students have been aware about the virus by social media (40.5%) as major source of information followed by news/newspaper (34%), (17.5 %) internet and (8%) by awareness programs.Conclusions: Topic about Nipah virus disease should be inculcated in medical textbooks elaborately. Special training programs for medical students should be on focus and health education sessions should be enhanced.
The style of mothering and its determinants: a study among mothers of lower primary school children
Authors: Hasin Mohamed , Saju C. R. , Mundodan Jenyz M. , Jini M. P.
Published: January 2019

Background: The first teacher and everlasting support for a child is his/her mother. Mother–child bonds remain so strongly throughout one’s life in spite of the changing times and complexities of life. Literature suggests that elements of warmth and control from parents, especially mothers positively correlated with achievement and intellectual orientation in children. Objectives were to assess the various styles of mothering and its determinants in mothers of children studying in lower primary schools and residing in Adat panchayat, Thrissur, Kerala.Methods: A community based descriptive study was conducted among 315 mothers of lower primary school children residing in Adat panchayat, Thrissur. Data was collected using Parental Authority Questionnaire.Results: Mean age of mothers was 31.9 years. 73% mothers were practicing predominantly authoritative parenting style, 24% were authoritarian and only 3% were permissive style. The type of family and current age of mothers were significantly associated with the style of mothering. Mothering style did not differ with the gender of children. Occupation of mothers had a significant difference in proportion of parenting styles. The working status of either or both parents significantly influenced the mothering styles.Conclusions: Most mothers followed predominantly authoritative style. Responsive and demanding behaviour of mothers vary significantly with respect to type of family, current age and employment status.
A cross sectional study to assess knowledge, attitude and practices related to swine flu in school students of Kallur, Kurnool
Authors: Savolu Cynthia Subhaprada , Savanthe Aruna Marati
Published: January 2019

Background: Swine flu is an acute highly contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza A (H1N1) virus. After 2009 pandemic, seasonal epidemics occurred in 2015 and 2017 usually in rainy season in India. Educational institutes are the centres of high transmission and creating awareness only can arrest the spread. Hence this study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding Swine flu and improve their knowledge.Methods: A health educational interventional study done on 202 eighth and ninth standard school students of Zilla Parishad High School, Kallur, Kurnool district during October and November, 2018 on obtaining informed consent, using a self administered questionnaire. Data entered in Microsoft excel version 2007, analysed and presented in proportions and chi square test of significance using SPSS version 23.Results: 66.8 percent and 68.8 percent of the students heard and knew about viral swine flu respectively. Good knowledge of mode of spread, symptoms and availability of treatment, vaccination and preventive measures regarding swine flu was seen. The gaps in their knowledge levels were successfully filled by health educational intervention. More than 70 percent of students were using hand kerchief and masks in crowded places, willing to approach government facilities for treatment.Conclusions: Extensive mass educational campaigns should be conducted as containment of the spread of the disease can solely be done by making people knowledgeable. Government authorities should train health workers, assistants and teachers and utilise mass and social media to create awareness, thus declining the incidence of the seasonal epidemics.
Morfología externa del pez parásito Paravandellia phaneronema (Miles 1943) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) observada mediante imágenes de microscopía electrónico de barrido
Authors: Díaz del Basto José Christian , Mojica José Iván , Koyro Hans Werner
Published: January 2019

Con base en imágenes de microscopía electrónica de barrido tridimensional (SEM) de alta resolución de Paravandellia phaneronema (Miles 1943), especie de ictioparásito endémica de Colombia, se describieron y analizaron las estructuras morfológicas superficiales desarrolladas en su proceso evolutivo de adaptación a la forma de vida hematófaga. La atención se enfocó en los aspectos emergentes de la función de estas adaptaciones y en los mecanismos que estos parásitos de la subfamilia Vandellinae han utilizado para localizar con precisión su pez huésped y fijarse en sus branquias. Se concluyó que detectan al huésped utilizando los neuromastos, receptores mecánicos del sistema de poros cefálicos y de la línea lateral, y no a través de la recepción química de productos del nitrógeno catabólico, como se ha sugerido. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Tamaños de la diatomea céntrica Actinocyclus normanii en función de la salinidad, una nueva herramienta aplicada a la interpretación de paleoambientes
Authors: Vidal Luis Alfonso , Castro Luis Eduardo , Rodríguez-Barrios Javier , Vélez María Isabel , Rangel Orlando
Published: January 2019

En estudios anuales sobre el fitoplancton realizados en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), costa caribe colombiana, en 1987 y 1995, en los que se hicieron análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos y se establecieron las relaciones con variables fisicoquímicas, entre ellas la salinidad, se concluyó que la variación del diámetro de Actinocyclus normanii está ligada a la variación de la salinidad del agua. Así, las células pequeñas se generan cuando la salinidad baja durante la estación lluviosa, y las grandes lo hacen cuando la salinidad se incrementa, durante la estación seca. Las células pequeñas y las grandes son el resultado de la reproducción asexual y sexual, respectivamente. Durante la reproducción asexual, A. normanii se divide profusamente y se generan las células pequeñas. Durante la reproducción sexual, se generan las auxosporas, que dan lugar a las células grandes. Las auxosporas no se generan por debajo de 8 USP, pero sí lo hacen por encima de este valor, hasta cerca de 30 USP. Se hicieron, también, bioensayos en el laboratorio con A. normanii para establecer su relación con la salinidad y se llegó a los mismos resultados hallados en el medio natural: las auxosporas no se generaron en una concentración salina de 2.8 USP, pero sí en concentraciones de 10 y 20 USP. Con el fin de probar la utilidad de la medición del diámetro de A. normanii en función de la salinidad como herramienta aplicada a la interpretación de paleoambientes, se midieron 300 valvas de A. normanii que se hallaban en 15 placas permanentes de diatomeas obtenidas a partir de las muestras de sedimento de un núcleo de 6 m de profundidad en la desembocadura del río Sevilla (río Frío), en octubre de 2010. Para la prueba del método, se escogieron placas dentro de los primeros 265 cm del núcleo (ca. 2.300 años antes del presente [AP]). Con base en la definición de un diámetro de 40 μm en promedio como el punto de inflexión entre las células pequeñas de la especie y las grandes, se determinó que las pequeñas serían indicadoras del predominio de agua dulce y las grandes del predominio de agua marina. Debido a que las células pequeñas y grandes de A. normanii son generadas en el mismo ciclo de vida de esta especie, no se consideraron las formas o variedades subsalsa y normanii. Los resultados permiten concluir que A. normanii puede ser utilizado como indicador de la variabilidad salina de los cuerpos de agua. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Identificación de hongos y bacterias asociados a fustes de melina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) en el departamento del Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Coy-Rodríguez Vivian Andrea , Vargas-Osorio Lily Julieth , Varón-López Maryeimy , López-Cardona Nathali
Published: January 2019

La melina (Gmelina arborea Roxb) es una especie de amplia distribución mundial y de elevado valor comercial por su crecimiento rápido y las excelentes propiedades físicas y mecánicas de su madera; sin embargo, constantemente se ve amenazada por diversos factores físicos, químicos y biológicos, siendo los hongos y las bacterias los microorganismos que más pueden afectar su producción. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo aislar e identificar hongos y bacterias asociados con fustes enfermos de G. arborea en plantaciones ubicadas en el departamento del Tolima (Colombia). La caracterización morfológica de las colonias fúngicas se realizó en el medio Papa-Dextrosa-Agar (PDA) con posterior identificación microscópica, después de inducir la producción de las estructuras reproductivas. El aislamiento de las bacterias se realizó en Agar Nutritivo (AN), con posterior caracterización bioquímica. La identificación molecular fue realizada mediante la amplificación de la región ITS para hongos y 16S para bacterias. Se identificaron los hongos Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Coniothyrium aleuritis, Curvularia geniculata, Chaetomium globosum, Phomopsis columnaris, Diaporthe sp y un aislamiento perteneciente a la clase Dothideomycetes. Las bacterias correspondieron a Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas alcaligenes y Pantoea dispersa. Mediante pruebas de patogenicidad se determinó que los microorganismos causantes de la pudrición del tejido vascular en fustes jóvenes de melina fueron L. theobromae y C. geniculata. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Introduction to NJWLS 2018-3
Authors: Buch Anders
Published: January 2019

This issue contains nine fascinating articles that reflect on central issues in contemporary working life in the Nordic countries. The articles deal with empirical issues in relation to gender, work life quality, professionalization, unions, organizational intervention, industrial relations, and the authors adopt different theoretical and methodological frameworks in their research.
Bringing Managers Back in: Support for Gender-Equality Measures in the Business Sector
Authors: Kitterød Ragni Hege , Teigen Mari
Published: January 2019

The progression of gender balance in top positions at big corporations in Nordic countries has not lived up to the expectations. Inspired by studies emphasizing the crucial role of top management in gaining support for gender-equality measures to make changes happen, we set out to investigate what kind of policies top managers in Norway would prioritize to further gender balance in the executive ranks. We found that active recruitment policies receive the strongest support and quota and preferential-treatment policies the least support. We found clear similarities between men and women in the ranking of measures, although women generally indicated stronger support for most measures. We found no differences related to gender composition of the management group, but some differences across company types (subject to CBQ or not) were revealed. Although corporate-board quotas received the least support, there was no indication that these measures were strongly objected.