bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Demonstration of Fine-Pitch and High-Speed Redistribution Layers for Panel-Based Glass Interposers at 40-μm Bump Pitch
Authors: Sawyer Brett , Suzuki Yuya , Wu Zihan , Lu Hao , Sundaram Venky , Panayappan Kadappan , Tummala Rao
Published: September 2016

This article analyzes redistribution layer (RDL) technologies needed for 2.5-dimensional (2.5-D) die integration on thin glass interposers and developed using low-cost processes. The design, fabrication, and characterization of a four-metal layer RDL buildup required for wide input/output (I/O) routing at 40-μm bump pitch and a two-metal layer RDL buildup fabricated directly on glass for high-speed, off-package signaling are described. Such RDL technologies are targeted at 2.5-D glass interposer packages to achieve up to 1 Tb/s die-to-die bandwidth and off-interposer data rates > 400 Gb/s, driven by consumer demand of online services for mobile devices. Advanced packaging architectures including 2.5-D and 3-D interposers require fine-line lithography beyond the capabilities of current organic package substrates. High electrical loss and high cost are characteristic of silicon interposers fabricated using back-end-of-line (BEOL) processes that can achieve RDL wiring densities required for 2.5-D die integration. Organic interposers with high wiring densities have also been demonstrated using a single-sided, thin-film process. This article goes beyond silicon and organic interposers in demonstrating fine-pitch RDL on glass interposers fabricated by low-cost, double-side, and panel-scalable processes. The high modulus and smooth surface of glass help to achieve lithographic pitch close to that of silicon. Furthermore, the low permittivity and low loss tangent of glass reduce dielectric losses, thus improving high-speed signal propagation. A semiadditive process flow and projection excimer laser ablation were used to fabricate four-metal layer (2 + 0 + 2) fine-pitch RDL and two-metal layer RDL directly on glass. A minimum of 3 μm lithography and 20 μm microvia pitch was achieved. High-frequency characterization of these RDL structures demonstrated single-ended insertion losses of −0.097 dB/mm at f = 1 GHz and differential insertion losses of −0.05 dB/mm at f = 14 GHz.
Thick Film Process Characterization for Thin Film Metallized LTCC
Authors: Girardi M. A. , Peterson K. A. , Vianco P. T.
Published: September 2016

Low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology has proven to be invaluable in military/space electronics, wireless communication, microsystems, medical and automotive electronics, and sensors. The use of LTCC for high-frequency applications is appealing due to its low losses, design flexibility, and packaging and integration capability. The LTCC thick film process is summarized, including some unconventional process steps such as feature machining in the unfired state and thin film definition of outer layer conductors. The LTCC thick film process was characterized to optimize process yields by focusing on the following factors: (1) print location, (2) print thickness, (3) drying of tapes and panels, (4) shrinkage upon firing, and (5) via topography. Statistical methods were used to analyze critical process and product characteristics to achieve the optimization goal.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Physical Vapor Deposited Inorganic Thin Films on Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic
Authors: Putman Carol , Horn Rachel Cramm , Wolf J. Ambrose , Krueger Daniel
Published: September 2016

Low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) has been established as an excellent packaging technology for high-reliability, high-density microelectronics. The functionality and robustness of rework have been increased through the incorporation of a physical vapor deposition (PVD) thin film Ti/Cu/Pt/Au metallization. PVD metallization is suitable for radio frequency (RF) applications as well as digital systems. Adhesion of the Ti “adhesion layer” to the LTCC as-fired surface is not well understood. Although previous work has established extrinsic parameters for delamination mechanisms of thin films on LTCC substrates, there is incomplete information regarding the intrinsic (i.e., thermodynamic) parameters in the literature. This article analyzes the thermodynamic favorability of adhesion between Ti, Cr, and their oxide coatings on LTCC (assumed as amorphous silica glass and Al2O3). Computational molecular calculations are used to determine interface energy as an indication of molecular stability between pair of materials at specific temperature. The end result will expand the understanding of thin film adhesion to LTCC surfaces and assist in increasing the long-term reliability of the interface bonding on RF microelectronic layers.
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Secondary to Lupus Nephritis, Responsive to Eculizumab
Authors: Raufi Alexander G. , Scott Shruti , Darwish Omar , Harley Kevin , Kahlon Kanwarpal , Desai Sheetal , Lu Yuxin , Tran Minh-Ha
Published: September 2016

Among the spectrum of disease manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis is particularly concerning due to the potential for renal failure. This autoimmune attack may not, however, be limited to the kidney and is increasingly being recognized as a trigger for atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS). Atypical HUS falls under the spectrum of the thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs)–a group of disorders characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and end organ damage. Although plasma exchange is considered first-line therapy for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraa TMA classically associated with autoimmune depletion of ADAMTS-13–aHUS demonstrates less reliable responsiveness to this modality. Instead, use of the late complement inhibitor Eculizumab has emerged as an effective modality for the management of such patients. Diagnosis of aHUS, however, is largely clinically based, relying heavily upon a multidisciplinary approach. Herein we present the case of a patient with atypical HUS successfully treated with Eculizumab in the setting of Class IV-G (A) lupus nephritis and hypocomplementemia.
The betrayal of Edom: Remarks on a claimed tradition
Authors: Becking Bob
Published: September 2016

Biblical and post-Biblical texts refer to the tradition of the betrayal of Edom. During theconquest the brother-nation of Edom would have betrayed Judah by choosing sides with the Babylonians. Historical and archaeological evidence for this ‘fact’ is absent or not convincing. It is argued that the occupation of Southern Judah by the Edomites in late Babylonian and/or Persian times would have been the source of this claimed tradition.
Scholarship in service of the church
Authors: Coetsee Albert J.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Inadequate stakeholder management and its effect on a coherent sinkhole risk management strategy: The case of the Merafong Local Municipality, South Africa
Authors: Moshodi Tshepo , Coetzee Christo , Fourie Kristel
Published: September 2016

The Merafong Local Municipality (MLM) has historically suffered financial and human losses because of the presence of dolomite and the consequent formation of sinkholes. There is a great need for the MLM to address the risk posed by sinkholes to ensure the continued safety of communities. However, as the risk is so pervasive, the MLM needs to coordinate their risk reduction strategies with a wide array of stakeholders in the municipality. Efficient stakeholder management is thus crucial if the sinkhole risk is to be addressed appropriately. This article reviews the current status of stakeholder management in the MLM as it pertains to the formulation of a holistic sinkhole risk reduction strategy. Findings indicate that there are serious deficiencies in the MLM’s stakeholder management relating to key risk management processes such as community involvement in risk management structures, disaster risk assessment, training and awareness, and early warning and response. Improved stakeholder management could be characterised by the following factors: improved two-way communication between the municipality and community stakeholders, fostering a relationship based upon trust and equality amongst stakeholders, participation by a wide array of stakeholder groups affected by the sinkhole risk and a mutual commitment by all stakeholders to address the risk. These factors could contribute to enhancing current and future sinkhole risk reduction strategies.
Achieving success in the C-suite
Authors: Leeb Scott
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Chronic ankle instability: Current perspectives
Authors: Al-Mohrej Omar A , Al-Kenani Nader S
Published: September 2016

Ankle sprain is reported to be among the most common recurrent injuries. About 20% of acute ankle sprain patients develop chronic ankle instability. The failure of functional rehabilitation after acute ankle sprain leads to the development of chronic ankle instability. Differentiation between functional and anatomical ankle instability is very essential to guide the proper treatment. Stability testing by varus stress test and anterior drawer test should be carried out. Subtalar instability is an important pathology that is commonly by passed during the assessment of chronic ankle instability. Unlike acute ankle sprain, chronic ankle instability might require surgical intervention. The surgical and conservative management options can be very much developed by in-depth knowledge of the ankle anatomy, biomechanics, and pathology. Anatomical repair, augmentation by tendon, or both are the basic methods of surgical intervention. Arthroscopy is becoming more popular in the management of chronic ankle instability.
Etiological causes of pancytopenia: A report of 137 cases
Authors: Yokus Osman , Gedik Habip
Published: September 2016

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the etiological causes of pancytopenia in patients who were admitted to the hematology ward due to pancytopenia. Materials and Methods: All patients who were admitted to the hematology ward of Ministry of Health Istanbul Training and Research Hospital due to pancytopenia between 2013 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated regarding etiological causes. Results: A total of 137 patients was evaluated. The etiological causes of pancytopenia were recorded as Vitamin B12 deficiency (n: 24; 17%), chronic liver disease (n: 21; 15%), malignancy (n: 19; 13%), myelodysplastic syndrome (n: 18; 13%), aplastic anemia (n: 11; 8%), rheumatic diseases (n: 7; 5%), and endocrine causes (n: 3; 2%). Conclusion: The etiological causes of pancytopenia vary depends on patients′ age, gender, country, and other conditions. Vitamin B12 deficiency is the most common treatable cause of pancytopenia. Most of the etiological causes could be diagnosed with laboratory analysis and radiological imagings, without the need of a bone marrow examination.
Coronary ectasia in a man on breast cancer therapy presenting with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Johnson Dana C , Rifai Luay , Patel Parag V
Published: September 2016

Limited data exist on the association between breast cancer treatments and coronary artery disease anatomy, particularly in males. We describe an unusual case of diffuse coronary ectasia in a man with breast cancer presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A 66-year-old man with breast cancer on paclitaxel, tamoxifen, and carboplatin chemotherapy regimen, presents with new onset chest pain. Electrocardiogram reveals anterolateral ST-segment depressions and elevated troponin I level. Emergent angiography revealed grossly ectatic coronary arteries with a total thrombotic occlusion of the mid right coronary artery. Serial intracoronary aspiration thrombectomy revealed fragments of red thrombus. Intracoronary tenectaplase was ultimately administered to restore perfusion. The patient clinically improved and warfarin was added to his cardiac regimen. Laboratory work up for connective tissue disease was negative. Although paclitaxel has been implicated in coronary artery neointima and media proliferation in the setting of drug-eluting stents, we believe our case is the first to describe massive coronary ectasia with significant thrombus burden requiring complex coronary intervention and thrombolysis in the setting of breast cancer therapy in a man.
Ethical challenge of desertification in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ikeke Mark Omorovie
Published: September 2016

Desertification is an urgent environmental problem that is faced by Northern Nigeria. As an environmental problem it creates a lot of challenges for the human community. These challenges include: conflicts over grazing lands and farmlands, pollution of water sources and the air by encroaching desert wind and sand, internal displacement of people, force migration of people, destruction of human lives and properties, and so on. If desertification is not stopped it impedes development and sustainability. This paper uses a critical analytic method, to examine the ethical challenges that desertification poses. It makes a conceptual analysis of the main concepts such as ethics, desertification and Northern Nigeria. It looks at how desertification is an ethical issue. The paper finds and concludes that if desertification is curbed through tree planting, and other ethical consciousness raising that leads to other practical actions, it will save both human and natural environment in Northern Nigeria.
Controlled meteorological (CMET) free balloon profiling of the Arctic
atmospheric boundary layer around Spitsbergen compared to ERA-Interim and
Arctic System Reanalyses
Authors: Roberts Tjarda J. , Dütsch Marina , Hole Lars R. , Voss Paul B.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Observations from CMET (Controlled Meteorological) balloons are analysed to provide insights into tropospheric meteorological conditions (temperature, humidity, wind) around Svalbard, European High Arctic. Five Controlled Meteorological (CMET) balloons were launched from Ny-Ålesund in Svalbard (Spitsbergen) over 5–12 May 2011 and measured vertical atmospheric profiles over coastal areas to both the east and west. One notable CMET flight achieved a suite of 18 continuous soundings that probed the Arctic marine boundary layer (ABL) over a period of more than 10 h. Profiles from two CMET flights are compared to model output from ECMWF Era-Interim reanalysis (ERA-I) and to a high-resolution (15 km) Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) product. To the east of Svalbard over sea ice, the CMET observed a stable ABL profile with a temperature inversion that was reproduced by ASR but not captured by ERA-I. In a coastal ice-free region to the west of Svalbard, the CMET observed a stable ABL with strong wind shear. The CMET profiles document increases in ABL temperature and humidity that are broadly reproduced by both ASR and ERA-I. The ASR finds a more stably stratified ABL than observed but captured the wind shear in contrast to ERA-I. Detailed analysis of the coastal CMET-automated soundings identifies small-scale temperature and humidity variations with a low-level flow and provides an estimate of local wind fields. We demonstrate that CMET balloons are a valuable approach for profiling the free atmosphere and boundary layer in remote regions such as the Arctic, where few other in situ observations are available for model validation.
THE UNIFIED LEVELLING NETWORK OF SARAWAK AND ITS ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Som Z. A. M. , Yazid A. M. , Ming T. K. , Yazid N. M.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The height reference network of Sarawak has seen major improvement in over the past two decades. The most significant improvement was the establishment of extended precise leveling network of which is now able to connect all three major datum points at Pulau Lakei, Original and Bintulu. Datum by following the major accessible routes across Sarawak. This means the leveling network in Sarawak has now been inter-connected and unified. By having such a unified network leads to the possibility of having a common single least squares adjustment been performed for the first time. The least squares adjustment of this unified levelling network was attempted in order to compute the height of all Bench Marks established in the entire levelling network. The adjustment was done by using MoreFix levelling adjustment package developed at FGHT UTM. The computational procedure adopted is linear parametric adjustment by minimum constraint. Since Sarawak has three separate datums therefore three separate adjustments were implemented by utilizing datum at Pulau Lakei, Original Miri and Bintulu Datum respectively. Results of the MoreFix unified adjustment agreed very well with adjustment repeated using Starnet. Further the results were compared with solution given by Jupem and they are in good agreement as well. The difference in height analysed were within 10mm for the case of minimum constraint at Pulau Lakei datum and with much better agreement in the case of Original Miri Datum.
ESTIMATION OF CO- AND POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION AFTER THE Mw 8.6 NIAS-SEMEULUE AND
Mw 8.5 BENGKULU EARTHQUAKES FROM CONTINUOUS GPS DATA
Authors: Aris W. A. W. , Musa T. A. , Omar K.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The Mw 8.5 Bengkulu earthquake of 30 September 2007 and the Mw8.6 28 March 2005 are considered amongst large earthquake ever recorded in Southeast Asia. The impact into tectonic deformation was recorded by a network of Global Positioning System (GPS) Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) within southern of Sumatra and west-coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The GPS data from the GPS CORS network has been deployed to investigate the characteristic of postseismic deformation due to the earthquakes. Analytical logarithmic and exponential function was applied to investigate the deformation decay period of postseismic deformation. This investigation provides a preliminary insight into postseismic cycle along the Sumatra subduction zone in particular and on the dynamics Peninsular Malaysia in general.
EVACUATION SIMULATION IN KALAYAAN RESIDENCE HALL, UP DILIMAN USING GAMA SIMULATION SOFTWARE
Authors: Claridades A. R. C. , Villanueva J. K. S. , Macatulad E. G.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) has recently been adopted in some studies for the modelling of events as a dynamic system given a set of events and parameters. In principle, ABM employs individual agents with assigned attributes and behaviors and simulates their behavior around their environment and interaction with other agents. This can be a useful tool in both micro and macroscale-applications. In this study, a model initially created and applied to an academic building was implemented in a dormitory. In particular, this research integrates three-dimensional Geographic Information System (GIS) with GAMA as the multi-agent based evacuation simulation and is implemented in Kalayaan Residence Hall. A three-dimensional GIS model is created based on the floor plans and demographic data of the dorm, including respective pathways as networks, rooms, floors, exits and appropriate attributes. This model is then re-implemented in GAMA. Different states of the agents and their effect on their evacuation time were then observed. GAMA simulation with varying path width was also implemented. It has been found out that compared to their original states, panic, eating and studying will hasten evacuation, and on the other hand, sleeping and being on the bathrooms will be impedances. It is also concluded that evacuation time will be halved when path widths are doubled, however it is recommended for further studies for pathways to be modeled as spaces instead of lines. A more scientific basis for predicting agent behavior in these states is also recommended for more realistic results.
IDENTIFYING HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS OF TUBERCULOSIS USING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND GIS BASED MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHOD
Authors: Abdul Rasam A. R. , Shariff N. M. , Dony J. F.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Development of an innovative method to enhance the detection of tuberculosis (TB) in Malaysia is the latest agenda of the Ministry of Health. Therefore, a geographical information system (GIS) based index model is proposed as an alternative method for defining potential high-risk areas of local TB cases at Section U19, Shah Alam. It is adopted a spatial multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method for ranking environmental risk factors of the disease in a standardised five-score scale. Scale 1 and 5 illustrate the lowest and the highest risk of the TB spread respectively, while scale from 3 to 5 is included as a potential risk level. These standardised scale values are then combined with expert normalised weights (0 to 1) to calculate the overall index values and produce a TB ranked map using a GIS overlay analysis and weighted linear combination. It is discovered that 71.43% of the Section is potential as TB high risk areas particularly at urban and densely populated settings. This predictive result is also reliable with the current real cases in 2015 by 76.00% accuracy. A GIS based MCDM method has demonstrated analytical capabilities in targeting high-risk spots and TB surveillance monitoring system of the country, but the result could be strengthened by applying other uncertainty assessment method.
Brief communication: Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction – success
or warning sign for Paris?
Authors: Mysiak Jaroslav , Surminski Swenja , Thieken Annegret , Mechler Reinhard , Aerts Jeroen
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In March 2015, a new international blueprint for disaster risk reduction (DRR) was adopted in Sendai, Japan, at the end of the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR, 14–18 March 2015). We review and discuss the agreed commitments and targets, as well as the negotiation leading the Sendai Framework for DRR (SFDRR) and discuss briefly its implication for the later UN-led negotiations on sustainable development goals and climate change.
Debris flow modeling at Meretschibach and Bondasca catchment,
Switzerland: sensitivity testing of field data-based erosion model
Authors: Frank Florian , McArdell Brian W. , Oggier Nicole , Baer Patrick , Christen Marc , Vieli Andreas
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Debris flow volumes can increase due to the incorporation of sediment into the flow as a consequence of channel-bed erosion along the flow path. This study describes a sensitivity analysis of the recently-introduced RAMMS debris flow entrainment algorithm which is intended to help solve problems related to predicting the runout of debris flows. The entrainment algorithm predicts the depth and rate of erosion as a function of basal shear stress based on an analysis of erosion measurements at the Illgraben catchment, Switzerland (Frank et al., 2015). Starting with a landslide-type initiation in the RAMMS model, the volume of entrained sediment was calculated for recent well-documented debris-flow events at the Bondasca and the Meretschibach catchments, Switzerland. The sensitivity to the initial landslide volume was investigated by systematically varying the initial landslide volume and comparing the resulting debris-flow volume with estimates from the field sites. In both cases, the friction coefficients in the RAMMS runout model were calibrated using the model where the entrainment module was inactivated. The results indicate that the entrainment model predicts plausible erosion volumes in comparison with field data. By including bulking due to entrainment in runout models, more realistic runout patterns are predicted in comparison to starting the model with the entire debris-flow volume (initial landslide plus entrained sediment). In particular, lateral bank overflow – not observed during this event – is prevented when using the sediment entrainment model, even in very steep (≈ 60–65 %) and narrow (4–6 m) torrent channels. Predicted sediment entrainment volumes are sensitive to the initial landslide volume, suggesting that the model may be useful for both reconstruction of historical events as well as the modeling of scenarios as part of a hazard analysis.
Calculation of coseismic displacement from Lidar data in the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake
Authors: Moya Luis , Yamazaki Fumio , Liu Wen , Chiba Tatsuro
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The spatial distribution of the coseismic displacements that occurred along the Futagawa fault during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake of Mw 7.0 was estimated using airborne light detection and ranging (Lidar) data. In this study, a pair of digital surface models (DSMs) obtained from the high-density Lidar data before and after the mainshock on April 16, 2016, was used. A window matching search approach based on the correlation coefficient between the two DSMs was used to estimate the geodetic displacement in the near-field region. The results showed good agreements with the geodetic displacements calculated from strong-motion acceleration records and coincided with the fault line surveyed by the Geological Survey of Japan.
Impacts of marine instability across the East Antarctic Ice
Sheet on Southern Ocean dynamics
Authors: Phipps Steven J. , Fogwill Christopher J. , Turney Christian S. M.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Recent observations and modelling studies have demonstrated the potential for rapid and substantial retreat of large sectors of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). This has major implications for ocean circulation and global sea level. Here we examine the effects of increasing meltwater from the Wilkes Basin, one of the major marine-based sectors of the EAIS, on Southern Ocean dynamics. Climate model simulations reveal that the meltwater flux rapidly stratifies surface waters, leading to a dramatic decrease in the rate of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation. The surface ocean cools but, critically, the Southern Ocean warms by more than 1 °C at depth. This warming is accompanied by a Southern Ocean-wide “domino effect”, whereby the warming signal propagates westward with depth. Our results suggest that melting of one sector of the EAIS could result in accelerated warming across other sectors, including the Weddell Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Thus, localised melting of the EAIS could potentially destabilise the wider Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Characterizing sudden changes in Arctic sea ice drift and deformation on synoptic timescales
Authors: Lukovich Jennifer V. , Geiger Cathleen A. , Barber David G.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In this study, we develop a framework for the assessment of sudden changes in sea ice drift and associated deformation processes in response to atmospheric forcing and ice–coastal interactions, based on analysis of ice buoy triplet centroids and areas. Examined in particular is the spatiotemporal evolution in sea ice floes that are tracked with GPS beacons deployed in triplets in the southern Beaufort Sea at varying distances from the coastline in fall, 2009 – triplets A to D, with A (D) located closest to (furthest from) the coastline. This study illustrates the use of shock-response diagnostics to evaluate eight identified sudden changes or shock events on daily timescales. Results from this analysis show that shock events in the southern Beaufort Sea occur in at least one of two forms: (1) during a reversal in winds, or (2) sustained north/easterly winds, with response mechanisms governed by ice conditions and interactions with the coastline. Demonstrated also is the emergence of a shear-shock event (SSE) that results in reduced ice concentrations for triplets B, C, and D, one, three and five days following the SSE, respectively and loss of synchronicity in ice-atmosphere interactions. The tools developed in this study provide a unique characterization of sea ice dynamical processes in the southern Beaufort Sea, with implications for quantifying "shock-response" systems relevant for ice hazard assessments and forecasting applications required by oil and gas, marine transportation, and indigenous use of near shore Arctic areas.
The Influence of New Communication on Performance Clerk Assistant Administration of the Economy and the Development of the Regional Secretariat of Bandung
Authors: Zenju Nandang Saefudin
Published: September 2016

This study entitled Influence of Organizational Communication Against Employee Performance Administrative Assistant for Economic and Development Secretariat of Bandung. The purpose of this study to analyze the influence of organizational communication to employee performance, develop theories and concepts of organizational communication along its aspects and performance of employees and implement organizational communication theory to solve the problem of employee performance and development Economic Administrative Assistant Regional Secretariat of Bandung. The method used in this research is survey explanatory. The independent variables (X) This research is organizational communication, while the dependent variable (Y) is employee performance. The object of research on Economic Affairs and Development Administrative Assistant Regional Secretariat of Bandung. The results of the research simultaneously reveals that the variables of organizational communication empirically has an impact of 58.6% on the performance of employees consisting of a dimensional quantity of work (Y1), quality of work (Y2), job knowledge (Y3), creativeness (Y4), cooperation (Y5) dependability (Y6), initiative (Y7) and personal quantity (Y8), while the rest is equal to 41.4% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. Organizational communication through the main form of partial, communication down effect amounted to 49.2%, or more influential communication sebesar7.6%, and horizontal communication impact of 1.72% on employee performance and development Economic Administrative Assistant Regional Secretariat of Bandung.
Noise Characteristics in Ceramic-on-Ceramic vs. Metal-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparative Study
Authors: Robinson Patrick G. , Anthony Ian , Kumar Sudeep , Jones Bryn , Stark Andrew , Ingram Roland
Published: September 2016

Introduction

A comparison of noise in ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings and metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) bearings after total hip arthroplasty (THA) was undertaken. Noise associated with MoP implants is rarely reported and has not been linked to squeaking.

Methods

A noise characterising hip questionnaire and Oxford Hip Score (OHS) was sent to 1,000 THA patients; there were 509 respondents 282 CoC and 227 MoP; mean age 63.7 years (range 45-92 years), mean follow up 33 months (range 6-156 months).

Results

Of 282 repsondents 47 (17%) of the CoC patients reported noise compared to 19 (8%) of the MoP patients (p = 0.048); 9 CoC patients and 4 MoP patients reported squeaking. Overall, 27% patients with noise reported avoiding recreational activities because of it and patients with noisy hips scored on average 5 points less on the OHS (CoC: p = 0.04 and MoP: p = 0.007).

Discussion

This is the first study to report squeaking from MoP THAs. The squeaking hip phenomenon is not exclusive to CoC THAs. Noisy hip implants may have social implications, and patients should be aware of this. We have shown a relationship between noise and a lower OHS. However, longer follow-up is needed to link noise to a poorly functioning implant.
Is Hysteroscopy Better than Ultrasonography for Uterine Cavity Evaluation? An Evidence-Based and Patient-Oriented Approach
Authors: Di Spiezio Sardo Attilio , Calagna Gloria , Laganà Antonio Simone , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Catena Ursula , Scutiero Gennaro , Nappi Carmine
Published: September 2016

Evaluation of the uterine cavity is an important part of the gynecological check, especially in symptomatic women and, over the last few decades, a number of technical and technological advancements has allowed a superb investigation of this organ. Traditionally, transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) has been the first-line diagnostic tool for evaluating uterine diseases, also considering that gynecologists are familiar with the technique since it is included in the basic training in obstetrics and gynecology. Nevertheless, to date “office hysteroscopy” received growing attention since the development of smaller-diameter hysteroscopes which has made it possible to easily perform the hysteroscopy in ambulatory settings, obviating the need for anesthesia and dilatation of the cervical canal.

According to our overview, none of the available methods for endometrial evaluation are ideal and each one has pros and cons. TVUS allows assessment of both the myometrium and the endometrium and typically offers greater patient comfort, but it has a higher false-negative rate in diagnosing focal intrauterine pathology. On the other hand, office hysteroscopy has the advantage of providing (most of the time) a real-time diagnosis avoiding anxiety, inconvenience and costs associated with follow-up appointments. The main advantage of the office hysteroscopy on the TVUS is the possibility to perform an operative phase if necessary during the examination itself. In fact, the modern smaller-diameter hysteroscopes have a working channel through which operative miniaturized instruments (mechanical instruments or bipolar electrodes) can be introduced, allowing the performance of target-eye biopsies and the “instant” treatment of most of uterine diseases in outpatient settings.
CHIRONOMIDAE TYPES IN THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, BERGEN
Authors: Stur Elisabeth , Andersen Trond
Published: September 2016

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Desequilibrios en la distribución y en el crecimiento de la población del área Metropolitana de Valparaíso
Authors: Salinas Messina Rolando
Published: September 2016

The Valparaíso Metropolitan area concentrates the urban population from the six commons (diatricts) belonging to Vht Región. The Metropolitan inhabitant represents the secondary demographic volume in the whole country. This population ha an irregular from in its unbalanced geographical distribution, between the different urban spaces and each own interior spaces. The secharacteristics are aggravated by teh Metropolitan space with an irregular topography and also to decline the economic activities. Valparaíso and Viña put together 79% of the population and insidex the both cities. 70% of the people reside in the "cerros" (hill-sides) bringing serious problems in the appointment and urban trasport. The Metropolitan area increases with an upper rhythm to the province, in 1970 offset 73% the provincial people. The demographic variability in the urban space are opposet and very considerable. In Valparaíso the increase and decrease have a grent relation with the urban satellite space. The increase in Viña, Quilpué, Villa Alemana, etc. Is due to the Valparaíso people emigration (exodus). In 1970 the Valparaíso total population is yet most negative, because in the periode 1960/70 from Valparaíso it emigrated 45.045 inhabitants to the Metropolitan area.
Análisis de la carta geomorfológica de la cuenca del Mapocho
Authors: Araya Vergara José F.
Published: September 2016

The Mapocho basin (Central de Chile) is divided into two morphotectonic styles by the Mapocho fracture. ln the northern section, of the Santiago depression an intense monoclinal warping anda deep alveolar excavation evidence important uplift of the western border. ln the southern section, the asymetry is stronger than the former one and inverse, giving a fault angle depression. This fracturation of the depression's bottom has affected both the conditions of sedimentation and the drainage patterns, causing antecedence phenomena and antagonistic effects between tectodynamics and external morphogenesis. Concerning present tectonics and seismicity, the presence both of different tectonic compartments and depositional landforms in the depression, is possibly more important than the faults themselves in the explanation of the distribution of seismic intensities. ln the northern section of the depression there is a characteristic combination between alluvial cones and "glacis" (bahadas). Moreover, marshy terraces correspond to bad drainage conditions. ln the southern section, in exchange, the central compartments are occupied by proximal cones and dista1 terraces. Slopes are presented as slope systems anda new classification supported on the structure and the external dynamics is used. At the same time, the concept of dissection balance allows relate slopes and talweg dynamics. Therefore, it can be known if the more important morphogenetic processes are present or ancient. So, the fluvial landforms at the depression's bottom are inherited. In the present conditions it is unlikely the transport of coarse sediments from the high mountain toward the depression. Moreover, the torrentialand sheet wash morphologic systems are also inherited. Present through put of material from active slopes toward beds and depressions is possible only during heavy storms of rain y years.
Dinámica de cambios en el patrón de asentamiento de la población rural: Región del Maule
Authors: Riffo Rosas Margarita , Retamales Villa Carol
Published: September 2016

Este artículo da cuenta de algunos de los resultados obtenidos del Proyecto de Investigación DI-U. Chile MULT 04129-2 (2005-2006). En esta oportunidad, se analizan los cambios experimentados en el patrón de asentamiento de la población rural en tres comunas de la Región del Maule, como consecuencia delproceso de reasentamiento y concentración de la población rural en villorrios agrícolas surgidos en el contexto de la globalización de la economía con el apoyo del Estado a través de su política de vivienda social. Como información base se utilizan los datos censales de 1992 y 2002 a través del Programa Redatam; la cartografía regular del Instituto Geográfico Militar; el listado de Villorrios proporcionado por la Dirección de Obras, de cada Municipio y su constatación en terreno, además de la información levantada a través de entrevistas y encuestas.
Listado de Memorias de Título de Geografía Universidad de Chile 2005-2006 Memorias de Título 2005
Authors: Geográficas Investigaciones
Published: September 2016

Listado de Memorias de Titulo de Geografia Universidad de Chile 2005-2006 MEMORIAS DE TITULO 2005
Degradacion de ecosistemas de la palma más austral del mundo (Jubaea Chilensis) acelerada por los fuegos estivales en los cordones litorales de Valparaíso y Viña del Mar (32°50'-33° 02'S). Un caso sostenido de perturbación del paisaje
Authors: Quintanilla Pérez Víetor , Castillo Soto Miguel
Published: September 2016

Jubaea chilensis (Mol) Baillon es la palma más austral del mundo y se desarrolla como especie endémica de Chile en bosques esporádicos, entre los 30° - 37° sur, principalmente en enclaves de las montañas costeras de la zona mediterránea del país. La colinas periféricas de las ciudades de Valparaíso y Viña del Mar han soportado la presión y el avance de la población, lo cual ha causado fuertes impactos a los bosques esclerófilos húmedos remanentes de las agrupaciones vegetales de hace un siglo atrás. En este hábitat se hallaban varios centenares de palmeras que han ido desapareciendo por múltiples efectos. Se presentan resultados de una investigación iniciada 10 años atrás, para estudiar el proceso de retroceso de estos bosques y de la palma chilena. La tala, la ganadería, la búsqueda de leña y elaboración de carbón, el avance de las viviendas hacia las colinas por el crecimiento de las ciudades costeras, la construcción de caminos y carreteras, y la recurrencia de incendios vegetales desde 1960; han sido los impactos más recurrentes del estado actual de estos ecosistemas. Por otra parte, la explotación constante de la palma por sus frutos y uso de sus largas hojas, la han afectado en gran parte. Soportó un enorme impacto cuando en 1996 hubo grandes movimientos de tierras en estas laderas para construir una autopista, habiéndose eliminado y/o trasladado alrededor de 500 palmas. En 1999 se abrió espacio también en estos lugares para llevar el trazado de un ducto de gas para Viña del Mar. Nuevamente con ello, se perdieron decenas de palmeras y hasta hoy en día, los fuegos vegetales de verano siguen afectando a estos palmares.
A new approach for the definition of extreme anomalous hot and dry weather events in Israel
Authors: Karo Ofra , Kutiel Haim
Published: September 2016

Se analizan eventos anómalos extremos de tiempo cálido y seco en Israel basado en una nuevadefinición para tales eventos. Se proponen cuatro umbrales de condiciones extremas climáticas cálidasy secas. En este sentido, un día anómalo extremo caliente y seco se define cuando se cumplen doscondiciones: La puntuación estándar de la temperatura está por encima de uno de los cuatro umbralesy la puntuación estándar de la humedad relativa es inferior a uno de los cuatro umbrales. La conclusiónprincipal de este estudio es que las diferencias de temperatura y humedad relativa en diversas regionesgeográficas requieren una nueva definición para anomalía extrema de clima cálido y seco basado enuna base regional y no en uno único para todo el país a través del año. Mediante el establecimiento devarios grados de eventos extremos anómalos de clima cálido y seco y en base a la media mensual y ladesviación estándar de los valores de temperatura máxima y mínima y los valores de humedad relativapara cada región, se puede obtener una definición más precisa de tales eventos. Este enfoque puede serutilizado en todo el mundo y pueden servir para analizar posibles cambios climáticos.
Variabilidad interanual de las precipitaciones en la Región Serrana de Rio de Janeiro, en el período 1971-2010
Authors: Ferreira Silva Junior Jaenio , Vieira Rosemary
Published: September 2016

Se presentan datos de precipitación de tres ciudades de la Región Serrana de Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Petrópolis e Teresópolis, para el período 1971-2010. Con el objetivo de identificar los meses y años con elevados índices de precipitación en el área y analizar la variabilidad interanual de la precipitación, fueron calculados los promedios mensuales y anuales, el total de precipitación para cada año en el área, y los valores máximos de precipitación anual. Se observó que las tres ciudadesmás importantes de la Región Serrana han presentado lluvias más intensas y asociadas a la acción de la Zona de Convergencia del Atlántico Sur, en especial, durante la década del 2000, lo que derivó en la ocurrencia de desastres naturales. A pesar de los resultados encontrados en la investigación, no es posible aún concluir que existe una tendencia de continuidad de los eventos pluviométricos analizados.
Valoración territorial del geopatrimonio de la zona costera del sur del Desierto de Atacama, Chile (27°S)
Authors: Castro Consuelo , Pattillo Carlos , Rivera Joaquín , Zuñiga Álvaro
Published: September 2016

La zona costera del sur del desierto de Atacama, en el área de Caldera y Copiapó, se caracteriza por sus elementos geomorfológicos y paleontológicos que son reconocidos por su importancia geopatrimonial, a escala nacional einternacional. En este contexto, se efectuó una zonificación de dicho territorio, con el objetivo de generar una base científica que considere dichos elementos naturales de valor, para orientar la gestión y la ordenación integradade la zona costera del desierto de Atacama en un contexto de protección del geopatrimonio y conservación de la geodiversidad. El litoral se caracteriza por sus terrazas marinas fosilíferas, sus dunas costeras y particularmente,por el gran Mar de Dunas situado en las serranías de la Cordillera de la Costa de Copiapó; además, por la existencia del Área Marino Costera Protegida Isla Grande de Atacama y áreas prioritarias.Se exponen los resultados de la zonificación del área costera en unidades territoriales valoradas según metodología de análisis espacial multicriterio, integrando las variables de localización de geositios; existencia de áreas deprotección; geomorfología de interés, y vegetación. Las unidades territoriales de valoración máxima y muy alta, corresponden a espacios como el Mar de Dunas de Atacama, sitios paleontológicos, acantilados fosilíferos, y el humedal del río Copiapó. En particular, el Mar de Dunas, conforma un conjunto escénico, paisajístico notable, de relevancia regional y nacional; este componente del geopatrimonio del desierto costero del Norte de Chile, junto a otros identificados con máxima valoración, deben ser considerados en las propuestas de ordenación integrada de dicha zona costera, para lo cual aquí se presentan recomendaciones.
Distribución termal intraurbana en las ciudades de Santiago y Valparaíso. Análisis comparativo de sus factores explicativos
Authors: Smith Pamela , Andrade Ximena
Published: September 2016

Este trabajo se articula dentro de la temática del clima urbano, específicamente de la variabilidad del campo térmico a escala del dosel. Se analizan datos de temperatura atmosférica, en las ciudades de Santiago y Valparaíso, localizadas a una latitud similar, pero en el interior y en la costa respectivamente, durante el verano de los años 2009 y 2011. La multicausalidad del comportamiento de las temperaturas y su distribución espacial, se analizan considerando componentes naturales del paisaje, así como aquellos que guardan relación con el grado de perturbación urbana, en diferentes áreas, al interior de las ciudades. Se hace uso de técnicas asociadas al análisis espacial, estadística inferencial y en menor medida a la teledetección. Los resultados muestran en Santiago, la presencia de una isla de calor, que en la noche se manifiesta con mayor intensidad. Presenta un gradiente típico, que encuentra su máximo en las áreas centrales, lo que se corresponde en gran medida, con resultados obtenidos por investigaciones precedentes. El caso de Valparaíso es bastante similar durante la tarde y noche. El calor se concentra en el centro o Plan, decreciendo la intensidad de las temperaturas hacia la periferia. En ambos casos, la presencia y estado de la vegetación, así como, la proporción de superficies impermeabilizadas y construidas, son determinantes en la disminución e incremento de los registros respectivamente, por lo que se sugiere, que estas variables, sean consideradas como componentes estratégicos de la gestión y planificación ambiental de las ciudades.
Identificación de capacidades para la reducción de riesgo de desastre: enfoque territorial de la participación ciudadana en la precordillera de comuna de La Florida, Santiago de Chile
Authors: Rugiero Vanessa , Wyndham Katherine
Published: September 2016

La visión de los desastres como fenómenos naturales peligrosos, difíciles de prevenir y controlar, ha sido la concepción que ha prevalecido por mucho tiempo, generando políticas y acciones dirigidas a la atención de emergencias. Las últimas investigaciones señalan la necesidad de apostar por la reducción de riesgo, como base para la gestión. Para ello es necesario que los gobiernos aborden la reducción de riesgo desde su base, a partir de la coherencia entre las políticas públicas y la planificación, asegurando una inversión pública acorde con instrumentos de protección social, mayor participación ciudadana y una descentralización político administrativa gradual. El caso de Santiago de Chile, específicamente el área del piedmont, no es la excepción, debido a la dinámica de expansión urbana y de ocupación de suelo. Con el avance de la urbanización, específicamente en la comuna de La Florida, se han incrementado los riesgos derivados de amenazas socionaturales (inundaciones, anegamientos y procesos de remoción en masa), afectando las condiciones y servicios ambientales que ésta posee. La recurrencia de eventos y el poco avance demostrado hasta hoy en términos de su reducción, constituye la base para abordar la problemática del aumento de las condiciones de riesgo. El presente artículo busca indagar acerca de este incremento, producto de la urbanización, en la comuna de La Florida, y los mecanismos de gobernanza y gestión territorial aplicados como estrategia para su reducción. Los resultados dan cuenta de estrategias implementadas por la ciudadanía para ser partícipes del proceso de urbanización a escala local, logrando instalarse como actores relevantes en el proceso de reducción de riesgo. Esto ha permitido que sean partícipes de la toma de decisiones de la gestión de su propio territorio