Influence of the Type of Sport in the Plantar Footprint, Peruvian Sports Institute ‐ Trujillo Subsidiary
Authors: Bardales-Cahua Marco Antonio , Bardales-Vásquez Cecilia Betzabet , Rodríguez-Salvatierra Alvaro David , Rodríguez-Plasencia Cynthia Carolina , León-Torres Carlos Alberto 
Published: April 2020

The type of plantar footprint is different between athletes and non‐athletes [
Techakampuch and Donphongam, 2004]. Our research aimed to characterize the plantar footprint in athletes from different disciplines. The sample size was determined for a finite universe, the participants were both sexes: 326 athletes from 11 disciplines of the Peruvian Sports Institute (IPD) ‐ Trujillo Subsidiary and 80 non‐athletes. We print the plantar footprint, then measure the width of the metatarsal (X) and the distance between the arches (Y), then calculate using the formula IHC = ((XY)/X) 100. According to the value, IHC obtained the classification of the type of foot (flat foot = 0–34, normal flat = 35–39, normal = 40–54, normal cavus = 55–59, cavus = 60–74, strong cavus = 75–84, extreme cavus = 85–100) [
Hernández Corvo, 1987]. Athletes show ~58% of both feet with the same plantar footprint and ~42% of both feet with the different plantar footprint, instead; non‐athletes had ~88% and ~12% respectively. The predominant types of plantar footprint in athletes are ~ 38% normal, ~ 10% normal cavus and ~ 6% cavus. Although a type of foot modified to sport or discipline cannot be affirmed, we know that the constant physical and sports activity generates different modifications in the plantar footprint of players depending on the discipline practiced. These modifications are due to the technique being different in each of the disciplines [
Berdejo‐del‐Fresno et al., 2013]. We found that the type of sport influenced the anthropometric characteristic of the plantar footprint in the athletes of the IPD ‐ Trujillo Subsidiary, that is, the foot adapts to the demands of the sport.

Support or Funding Information

Antenor Orrego Private University

Hernández Corvo index (IHC). Adapted from Sánchez. 2017

Figure 1

Percentage Distribution of the Plantar Footprint Influenced by the Type of Sport, Peruvian Sports Institute ‐ Trujillo Subsidiary

Sports

Plantar Footprint

N°

Flat (F)

Normal Flat (NF)

Normal (N)

Normal Cavus (NC)

Cavus (C)

Strong Cavus (SC)

Extreme Cavus (EC)

Both Feet Equal

N

NC

C

N

NC

NF

N

F

SC

C

Both Feet Different

NC

C

NC

C

N

N

F

N

C

NF

Karate

34

00.0

00.0

47.6

05.9

08.8

00.0

00.0

62.0

00.0

11.8

00.0

02.9

14.7

00.0

00.0

05.9

00.0

02.9

38.0

Volleyball

38

00.0

00.0

31.6

26.3

05.3

00.0

00.0

63.0

05.3

15.7

10.5

00.0

00.0

00.0

05.3

00.0

00.0

00.0

37.0

Soccer

30

00.0

06.7

46.7

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

53.0

13.3

06.7

13.2

00.0

00.0

06.7

00.0

00.0

06.7

00.0

47.0

Baseball

32

00.0

00.0

37.5

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

37.5

12.5

12.5

00.0

12.5

00.0

12.5

00.0

12.5

00.0

00.0

62.5

Taekwondo

36

00.0

00.0

38.9

16.7

05.6

00.0

00.0

61.1

11.0

5.6

16.6

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

05.6

38.9

Athletics

34

00.0

00.0

50.0

10.5

04.5

00.0

00.0

65.5

05.5

05.0

06.5

01.5

14.9

01.1

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

34.5

Basketball

38

00.0

00.0

15.0

12.0

25.5

02.5

00.0

55.0

10.5

15.5

06.5

02.5

03.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

05.5

01.5

45.0

Gymnastics

40

00.0

00.0

50.2

13.8

08.5

02.0

01.0

75.5

10.3

06.7

02.5

00.0

01.5

01.0

01.0

00.0

01.5

00.0

24.5

Swimming

22

07.9

10.1

23.0

08.0

02.0

01.6

01.4

54.0

03.5

03.5

05.9

00.0

02.5

14.3

10.1

01.0

04.7

00.5

46.0

Rugby

12

00.0

03.5

33.9

05.1

05.5

00.0

00.0

48.0

15.9

10.1

06.5

03.0

01.0

04.0

07.0

02.0

02.5

00.0

52.0

Powerlifting

12

02.8

8.2

39.00

10.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

60.0

10.9

07.1

01.5

00.0

01.9

04.2

08.5

05.9

00.0

00.0

40.0

Total

326

0.97

2.59

37.58

9.85

5.97

0.55

0.22

57,69

8.97

9.11

6.34

2.04

3.59

3.98

2.9

2.48

1.9

0.95

42.31

Average

3.56

47.43

6.74

30.05

9.36

2.85

Non‐Athletes

80

12.5

5.0

25.0

20.0

25.0

3.8

0

87.5

0

0

0

0

3.8

0

0

1.1

3.8

0

12.5

Average

17.5

45

28.8

3.8

1.1

3.8