bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in B-Cell Counts and Percentages during Primary HIV Infection Associated with Disease Progression in HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Cui Chen , Jiang Yongjun , Zhang Zining , Hu Qinghai , Chu Zhenxing , Xu Junjie , Zhao Bin , Ding Haibo , Liu Jing , Han Xiaoxu , Cao Yaming , Shang Hong
Published: September 2015

Numerous anomalies in B-cell phenotypes and functions have been described in HIV-infected individuals. However, the actual relationship between B cells and disease progression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated B-cell counts/percentages during a 12-month infection period in HIV-infected individuals that eventually developed into typical progressors (TPs) or rapid progressors (RPs). We found, after 12 months of infection, the baseline B-cell counts/percentages correlated positively with CD4+T-cell counts (P=0.0006andP=0.026) and negatively with HIV viral set points (P=0.014andP=0.002). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high baseline B-cell counts/percentages were associated with a slow CD4-cell decline. B-cell kinetics indicated the baseline B-cell counts/percentages could be factors distinguishing between TPs and RPs. The combination of the baseline B-cell counts and percentages was associated with rapid disease progression (a 80.7% predictive value as measured by the area under the curve). These results indicate that the baseline B-cell counts/percentages might be associated with HIV disease progression.
Vehicle-Scheduling Model for Operation Based on Single-Depot
Authors: Teng Jing , Jin Shuang , Lai Xiongfei , Chen Sijin
Published: September 2015

Centralized assigning of bus running between multiple lines can save operation cost of transit agency. As more big transit terminals can serve for multiple bus lines being established, coordinating the operation of these lines’ vehicles becomes more economical and perspective. This paper proposed a vehicle-scheduling model for multiple lines which share vehicle resource together and service based on the same terminal. The optimization goal is to minimize the number of vehicles while considering reducing the invalid operation time under the constraint of timetable schemes and matching time for vehicle crossing two lines. A case in Ningbo city, China, was conducted to compare the performance of the cross-line schedules with the original schedules assigning vehicles within respective lines. The optimized schedules can reduce 7.14% vehicles in need while meeting the timetable schemes of all bus lines, which indicated that the proposed model is suitable for operation practice.
Fabrication of GaN-Based White Light-Emitting Diodes on Yttrium Aluminum Garnet-Polydimethylsiloxane Flexible Substrates
Authors: Chen Lung-Chien , Lin Wen-Wei , Chen Jun-Wei
Published: September 2015

This study concerns the characteristics of white GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) on flexible substrates. The thin film GaN-based blue LEDs were directly transferred from sapphire onto the flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates by laser lift-off (LLO) process. The PDMS substrates were incorporated 10–40% cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet phosphor, YAG:Ce3+, and formed the GaN-based white LEDs. The white LEDs prepared by the GaN-based LEDs on the YAG-PDMS substrates reveal one peak at 470 nm corresponding to the emission of the GaN-based LED and a broadband included five weak peaks caused by YAG:Ce3+phosphors.
Using PET/CT Bone Scan Dynamic Data to Evaluate Tibia Remodeling When a Taylor Spatial Frame Is Used: Short and Longer Term Differences
Authors: Lundblad Henrik , Maguire Gerald Q. , Karlsson-Thur Charlotte , Jonsson Cathrine , Noz Marilyn E. , Zeleznik Michael P. , Jacobsson Hans , Weidenhielm Lars
Published: September 2015

Eighteen consecutive patients, treated with a Taylor Spatial Frame for complex tibia conditions, gave their informed consent to undergo Na18F−PET/CT bone scans. We present a Patlak-like analysis utilizing an approximated blood time-activity curve eliminating the need for blood aliquots. Additionally, standardized uptake values (SUV) derived from dynamic acquisitions were compared to this Patlak-like approach. Spherical volumes of interest (VOIs) were drawn to include broken bone, other (normal) bone, and muscle. TheSUVm(t)(m=max, mean) and a series of slopes were computed as(SUVm(ti)-SUVm(tj))/(ti-tj), for pairs of time valuestiandtj. A Patlak-like analysis was performed for the same time values by computing((VOIp(ti)/VOIe(ti))-(VOIp(tj)/VOIe(tj)))/(ti-tj), wherep= broken bone, other bone, and muscle ande= expected activity in a VOI. Paired comparisons between Patlak-like andSUVmslopes showed good agreement by both linear regression and correlation coefficient analysis (r=84%,rs=78%-SUVmax,r=92%, andrs=91%-SUVmean), suggesting static scans could substitute for dynamic studies. Patlak-like slope differences of 0.1 min−1or greater between examinations andSUVmaxdifferences of ~5 usually indicated good remodeling progress, while negative Patlak-like slope differences of −0.06 min−1usually indicated poor remodeling progress in this cohort.
Microstructure and Texture of Hydrostatic Extrusion Deformed Ni Single Crystals and Polycrystal
Authors: Jakubowska D. , Zdunek J. , Kulczyk M. , Mizera J. , Kurzydłowski K. J.
Published: September 2015

The differences in the microstructure and texture of two Ni single crystals, with different initial orientations (100and110), and of polycrystalline nickel, before and after severe plastic deformation (SPD) produced by hydrostatic extrusion (HE), have been investigated. The crystals were deformed by a two-step HE process with a total deformation value ofε=1.2. The global texture, mechanical properties, and microstructure were examined after the deformation. In every investigated sample, the presence of111fibre texture was noted, while the starting orientation of a100Ni single crystal was preserved in 50% of the volume. The results obtained were compared with the relevant literature data.
The Modeling and Analysis for the Self-Excited Vibration of the Maglev Vehicle-Bridge Interaction System
Authors: Li Jinhui , Li Jie , Zhou Danfeng , Wang Lianchun
Published: September 2015

This paper addresses the self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system which greatly degrades the stability of the levitation control, decreases the ride comfort, and restricts the cost of the whole system. Firstly, two levitation models with different complexity are developed, and the comparison of the energy curves associated with the two models is carried out. We conclude that the interaction model with a single levitation control unit is sufficient for the study of the self-excited vibration. Then, the principle underlying the self-excited vibration is explored from the standpoint of work acting on the bridge done by the levitation system. Furthermore, the influences of the parameters, including the modal frequency and modal damping of bridge, the gain of the controller, the sprung mass, and the unsprung mass, on the stability of the interaction system are carried out. The study provides a theoretical guidance for solving the self-excited vibration problems of the vehicle-bridge interaction systems.
Surface Modifications and Their Effects on Titanium Dental Implants
Authors: Jemat A. , Ghazali M. J. , Razali M. , Otsuka Y.
Published: September 2015

This review covers several basic methodologies of surface treatment and their effects on titanium (Ti) implants. The importance of each treatment and its effects will be discussed in detail in order to compare their effectiveness in promoting osseointegration. Published literature for the last 18 years was selected with the use of keywords like titanium dental implant, surface roughness, coating, and osseointegration. Significant surface roughness played an important role in providing effective surface for bone implant contact, cell proliferation, and removal torque, despite having good mechanical properties. Overall, published studies indicated that an acid etched surface-modified and a coating application on commercial pure titanium implant was most preferable in producing the good surface roughness. Thus, a combination of a good surface roughness and mechanical properties of titanium could lead to successful dental implants.
Calcification Characteristics of Low-Flow Low-Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Stähli Barbara E. , Nguyen-Kim Thi Dan Linh , Gebhard Cathérine , Frauenfelder Thomas , Tanner Felix C. , Nietlispach Fabian , Maisano Francesco , Falk Volkmar , Lüscher Thomas F. , Maier Willibald , Binder Ronald K.
Published: September 2015

Low-flow low-gradient severe aortic stenosis (LFLGAS) is associated with worse outcomes. Aortic valve calcification patterns of LFLGAS as compared to non-LFLGAS have not yet been thoroughly assessed. 137 patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with preprocedural multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and postprocedural transthoracic echocardiography were enrolled. Calcification characteristics were assessed by MDCT both for the total aortic valve and separately for each leaflet. 34 patients had LFLGAS and 103 non-LFLGAS. Total aortic valve calcification volume (p<0.001), mass (p<0.001), and density (p=0.004) were lower in LFLGAS as compared to non-LFLGAS patients. At 30-day follow-up, mean transaortic pressure gradients and more than mild paravalvular regurgitation did not differ between groups. In conclusion, LFLGAS and non-LFLGAS express different calcification patterns which, however, did not impact on device success after TAVR.
Pattern Recognition of Signals for the Fault-Slip Type of Rock Burst in Coal Mines
Authors: Liu X. S. , Tan J. , Tan Y. L. , Hu S. C.
Published: September 2015

The fault-slip type of rock burst is a major threat to the safety of coal mining, and effectively recognizing its signals patterns is the foundation for the early warning and prevention. At first, a mechanical model of the fault-slip was established and the mechanism of the rock burst induced by the fault-slip was revealed. Then, the patterns of the electromagnetic radiation, acoustic emission (AE), and microseismic signals in the fault-slip type of rock burst were proposed, in that before the rock burst occurs, the electromagnetic radiation intensity near the sliding surface increases rapidly, the AE energy rises exponentially, and the energy released by microseismic events experiences at least one peak and is close to the next peak. At last, in situ investigations were performed at number 1412 coal face in the Huafeng Mine, China. Results showed that the signals patterns proposed are in good agreement with the process of the fault-slip type of rock burst. The pattern recognition can provide a basis for the early warning and the implementation of relief measures of the fault-slip type of rock burst.
Didelphys Uterus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Rezai Shadi , Bisram Pameela , Lora Alcantara Isamarie , Upadhyay Ruchi , Lara Carla , Elmadjian Malvina
Published: September 2015

Background.Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are congenital defects of the female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of the Mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as a “double uterus,” is one of the least common amongst MDAs. This report discusses a case of didelphys uterus that successfully conceived, carried her pregnancy to term, and delivered vaginally without any significant complications.Case. Patient is a 29-year-old G2P0010 from Bangladesh, initially came a year prior in her first pregnancy, with spontaneous abortion (SAB). Pelvic Sonogram at that time showed a diagnosis of bicornuate versus didelphys uterus. There were no renal anomalies on subsequent abdominal CT scan. Patient presented with the second pregnancy and had uncomplicated prenatal care and did not have signs of preterm labor; fetus showed appropriate growth and the pregnancy was carried in the left uterus. Patient presented at 38 4/7 wks with Premature Rupture of Membrane and underwent induction of labor with Cytotec. Antibiotics were started for chorioamnionitis. Patient had a vaginal delivery with left mediolateral episiotomy and complete tear of vaginal septum. Third stage of labor was complicated with retained placenta, which was removed manually in the operating room with total EBL of 600 cc.
Mixed Convection over an Inclined Wavy Surface in a Nanofluid Saturated Non-Darcy Porous Medium with Radiation Effect
Authors: Srinivasacharya Darbhasayanam , Vijay Kumar Poshala
Published: September 2015

The problem of mixed convection in a nanofluid along an inclined wavy surface embedded in a non-Darcy porous medium with radiation effect is analyzed. Coordinate transformation is employed to transform the complex wavy surface to a smooth surface. The governing equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations using the appropriate similarity transformation and then solved using the successive linearization method. The present results are compared with previously published work and are found to be in very good agreement. The effect of pertinent parameters on the nondimensional velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction, heat, and nanoparticle mass transfer rates is studied and presented graphically.
Weight Maintenance with Litramine (IQP-G-002AS): A 24-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Grube Barbara , Chong Pee-Win , Alt Felix , Uebelhack Ralf
Published: September 2015

Background.Litramine (IQP-G-002AS) was shown to be effective and safe for weight loss in overweight and obese subjects. However, long-term effectiveness on maintenance of body weight loss has yet to be ascertained.Objective.To assess effect of Litramine on maintenance of body weight loss.Methods.A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial on overweight and obese patients was conducted over two sites in Germany for 24 weeks. Subjects with documented previous weight loss of 3% over the last 3–6 months were randomised to groups given either Litramine (3 g/day) or a matching placebo. Primary endpoints were difference of mean body weight (kg) between baseline and end of study and maintenance of initially lost body weight in verum group, where maintenance is defined as ≤1% weight gain.Results.Subjects who were taking Litramine lost significantly more body weight compared to the subjects taking placebo who gained weight instead (-0.62±1.55 kg versus1.62±1.48 kg,p<0.001). More importantly, 92% of subjects in Litramine group were able to maintain their body weight after initial weight loss, versus 25% in placebo group. No serious adverse events were reported throughout.Conclusion.Litramine is effective and safe for long-term body weight maintenance.Trial Registration.This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT01505387.
Application of the Empirical Bayes Method with the Finite Mixture Model for Identifying Accident-Prone Spots
Authors: Zou Yajie , Henrickson Kristian , Wu Lingtao , Wang Yinhai , Zhang Zhaoru
Published: September 2015

Hotspot identification (HSID) is an important component of the highway safety management process. A number of methods have been proposed to identify hotspots. Among these methods, previous studies have indicated that the empirical Bayes (EB) method can outperform other methods for identifying hotspots, since the EB method combines the historical crash records of the site and expected number of crashes obtained from a safety performance function (SPF) for similar sites. However, the SPFs are usually developed based on a large number of sites, which may contain heterogeneity in traffic characteristic. As a result, the hotspot identification accuracy of EB methods can possibly be affected by SPFs, when heterogeneity is present in crash data. Thus, it is necessary to consider the heterogeneity and homogeneity of roadway segments when using EB methods. To address this problem, this paper proposed three different classification-based EB methods to identify hotspots. Rural highway crash data collected in Texas were analyzed and classified into different groups using the proposed methods. Based on the modeling results for Texas crash dataset, it is found that one proposed classification-based EB method performs better than the standard EB method as well as other HSID methods.
CO2Absorbing Capacity of MEA
Authors: Huertas José I. , Gomez Martin D. , Giraldo Nicolas , Garzón Jessica
Published: September 2015

We describe the use of a gas bubbler apparatus in which the gas phase is bubbled into a fixed amount of absorbent under standard conditions as a uniform procedure for determining the absorption capacity of solvents. The method was systematically applied to determine the CO2absorbing capacity of MEA (Ac) at several aqueous MEA (β) and gas-phase CO2concentrations.Acapproached the nominal CO2absorbing capacity of MEA (720 g CO2/kg MEA) at very lowβlevels, increasing from447.9±18.1to581.3±32.3 g CO2/kg MEA asβwas reduced from 30 to 2.5% (w/w).Acdid not depend on the CO2concentration in the inlet gas stream as long as the gas stream did not include other amine sensitive components. During the bubbling tests the outlet CO2concentration profiles exhibited a sigmoidal shape that could be described by an exponential equation characterized by an efficiency factor (a) and a form factor (n). Statistical analysis based on correlation analysis indicated that in all cases the experimental data fit the equation well when a was6.1±0.35andnwas2.5±0.12. The results of these experiments may be used to optimize scrubber designs for CO2sequestration from fossil fuel derived flue gases.
The Cytotoxic Effect of the Benzene Metabolite Hydroquinone is Mediated by the Modulation of MDR1 Expression via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huang Jianshu , Zhao Mingdong , Li Xiuju , Ma Li , Zhang Jihong , Shi Jimin , Li Bing , Fan Wei , Zhou Yuanling
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: Benzene is a toxic chemical whose leukemogenic effects have been studied for decades. The mechanisms of benzene-induced toxicity and leukemogenicity are not fully understood, although the involvement of several pathways has been suggested, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle regulation and programmed cell death. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hydroquinone (HQ), a major benzene metabolite, on the viability of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: First, we study the the effect of HQ on BMSCs cell viability, apoptosis and the expressions of MDR1 and NF-κB. Then we investigate the MDR1 on cell viability and cell apoptosis for BMSCs under HQ treatment. Finally, we studied the impact of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) on the expression of MDR1. Results: Our results showed that HQ decreased cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis of BMSCs, as determined by the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Western blotting and quantitative PCR showed that HQ downregulated the expression of the MDR1 gene by inhibiting the activation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Overexpression of MDR1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of HQ on cell viability in BMSC. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest the involvement of the multidrug resistance membrane transporter MDR1 and the NF-κB pathway in the cytotoxicity of benzene and its metabolites. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role of the pathways involved and the crosstalk between them in mediating the effects of HQ in bone marrow progenitor cells.
SGK1-Sensitive Regulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B (p27) in Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy
Authors: Voelkl Jakob , Castor Tatsiana , Musculus Katharina , Viereck Robert , Mia Sobuj , Feger Martina , Alesutan Ioana , Lang Florian
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 participates in the orchestration of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Signaling linking SGK1 activity to cardiac remodeling is, however, incompletely understood. SGK1 phosphorylation targets include cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27), a protein which suppresses cardiac hypertrophy. The present study explored how effects of SGK1 on nuclear p27 localization might modulate the hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes. Methods: Experiments were performed in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and in SGK1-deficient (sgk1-/-) and corresponding wild-type (sgk1+/+) mice following pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Transcript levels were quantified by RT-PCR, protein abundance by Western blotting and protein localization by confocal microscopy. Results: In HL-1 cardiomyocytes, overexpression of constitutively active SGK1 (SGK1S422D) but not of inactive SGK1 (SGK1K127N) increased significantly the cell size and transcript levels encoding Acta1, a molecular marker of hypertrophy. Those effects were paralleled by almost complete relocation of p27 in the cytoplasm. Treatment of HL-1 cardiomyocytes with isoproterenol was followed by up-regulation of SGK1 expression. Moreover, isoproterenol treatment stimulated the hypertrophic response and was followed by disappearance of p27 from the nuclei, effects prevented by the SGK1 inhibitor EMD638683. The effect of SGK1S422D overexpression on Acta1 mRNA levels was disrupted by overexpression of p27 and of the p27T197A mutant lacking the SGK1 phosphorylation site, but not of the phosphomimetic p27T197D mutant. In sgk1+/+ mice, TAC increased significantly SGK1 and Acta1 mRNA levels and decreased the nuclear to cytoplasmic protein ratio of p27 in cardiac tissue, effects blunted in the sgk1-/- mice. Conclusion: SGK1-induced hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes involves p27 phosphorylation at T197, which fosters cytoplasmic p27 localization.
Chondrogenic Priming at Reduced Cell Density Enhances Cartilage Adhesion of Equine Allogeneic MSCs - a Loading Sensitive Phenomenon in an Organ Culture Study with 180 Explants
Authors: Spaas Jan H. , Broeckx Sarah Y. , Chiers Koen , Ferguson Stephen J. , Casarosa Marco , Van Bruaene Nathalie , Forsyth Ramses , Duchateau Luc , Franco-Obregón Alfredo , Wuertz-Kozak Karin
Published: September 2015

Background: Clinical results of regenerative treatments for osteoarthritis are becoming increasingly significant. However, several questions remain unanswered concerning mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion and incorporation into cartilage. Methods: To this end, peripheral blood (PB) MSCs were chondrogenically induced and/or stimulated with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for a brief period of time just sufficient to prime differentiation. In an organ culture study, PKH26 labelled MSCs were added at two different cell densities (0.5 x106 vs 1.0 x106). In total, 180 explants of six horses (30 per horse) were divided into five groups: no lesion (i), lesion alone (ii), lesion with naïve MSCs (iii), lesion with chondrogenically-induced MSCs (iv) and lesion with chondrogenically-induced and PEMF-stimulated MSCs (v). Half of the explants were mechanically loaded and compared with the unloaded equivalents. Within each circumstance, six explants were histologically evaluated at different time points (day 1, 5 and 14). Results: COMP expression was selectively increased by chondrogenic induction (p = 0.0488). PEMF stimulation (1mT for 10 minutes) further augmented COL II expression over induced values (p = 0.0405). On the other hand, MSC markers remained constant over time after induction, indicating a largely predifferentiated state. In the unloaded group, MSCs adhered to the surface in 92.6% of the explants and penetrated into 40.7% of the lesions. On the other hand, physiological loading significantly reduced surface adherence (1.9%) and lesion filling (3.7%) in all the different conditions (p < 0.0001). Remarkably, homogenous cell distribution was characteristic for chondrogenic induced MSCs (+/- PEMFs), whereas clump formation occurred in 39% of uninduced MSC treated cartilage explants. Finally, unloaded explants seeded with a moderately low density of MSCs exhibited greater lesion filling (p = 0.0022) and surface adherence (p = 0.0161) than explants seeded with higher densities of MSCs. In all cases, the overall amount of lesion filling decreased from day 5 to 14 (p = 0.0156). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that primed chondrogenic induction of MSCs at a lower cell density without loading results in significantly enhanced and homogenous MSC adhesion and incorporation into equine cartilage.
Clinical Evidence that Coagulation Activation Drives Cancer Progression - a Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Voigtlaender Minna , Holstein Katharina , Leuenroth Sven , Mudter Jonas , Bokemeyer Carsten , Langer Florian
Published: September 2015

Background: Tissue factor (TF), the principal initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, is expressed by many tumors and can be released into the bloodstream on plasma microparticles (MPs). Experimental studies indicate that TF may facilitate hematogenous metastasis by promoting tumor cell-induced microvascular thrombosis, but clinical data supporting this hypothesis is sparse. Case Reports: Here, we report 2 unusual cases of rapidly progressive solid malignancies (gastric and urothelial carcinoma). In both patients, cancer cell dissemination with diffuse bone marrow involvement was either strongly suggested by leukoerythroblastic changes on peripheral blood smear or directly proven by positive findings on aspiration cytology. Furthermore, laboratory evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and disseminated intravascular coagulation was accompanied by new-onset severe pulmonary hypertension and a hemolytic uremic syndrome-like disorder in the gastric and the urothelial carcinoma patient, respectively. TF-specific procoagulant activity of isolated plasma MPs, as assessed by single-stage clotting assay, was dramatically increased in both patients compared to healthy controls (21- and 55-fold), and primary tumor samples stained strongly positive for TF by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: TMA was likely caused by TF-triggered tumor cell embolization in both patients. Further clinical evidence is thus provided that TF directly links coagulation activation to cancer cell dissemination.
Problem Gambling in the UK: Implications for Health, Psychosocial Adjustment and Health Care Utilization
Authors: Cowlishaw Sean , Kessler David
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: Research indicates that rates of gambling problems are increasing in the UK, but has provided limited consideration of possible implications for individuals, families and communities. This study examines the associations involving problem gambling and indicators of mental and physical health, as well as psychosocial adjustment and health care usage, in a representative sample from England. Methods: Data were derived from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, which is a representative study of adults (n = 7,403). Regression models evaluated the correlates of problem gambling. Results: There were associations with problem gambling and mental health (anxiety, neurotic symptoms and substance use problems) and psychosocial maladjustment (suicidality, financial difficulties and social support). There were limited influences on physical health that were beyond socioeconomic factors and substance use problems. Notwithstanding, the results demonstrated over-representation of gambling problems in certain health-care settings. Conclusions: Findings support recognition of problem gambling as a public health concern in the UK, and initiatives for intervening in health-care services where conditions are over-represented.
Hemodiafiltration: Technical and Clinical Issues
Authors: Ronco Claudio
Published: September 2015

Hemodiafiltration (HDF) seems to represent the gold standard in the field of replacement of renal function by dialysis. High convective fluxes have been correlated with better clinical outcomes. Sometimes, however, there are technical barriers to the achievement of high blood flows adequate to perform effective convective therapies. In spite of optimized procedures, the progressive increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP), the blood viscosity due to hemoconcentration and blood path resistance sometimes becomes inevitable. We propose two possible solutions that can be operated automatically via specific software in the dialysis machine: predilution on demand and backflush on demand. Predilution on demand consists in an automatic feedback of the machine, diverting part of the filtered dialysate into a predilution mode with an infusion of 200 ml in 30 s while the ultrafiltration pump stops. This produces a sudden hemodilution with a return of the parameters to acceptable values. The performance of the filter improves, and the pressure alterations are mitigated. Backflush on demand consists in an automatic feedback of the machine triggered by the TMP control, producing a positive pressure in the dialysate compartment due to a stop of filtration and rapid infusion of at least 100 ml of ultrapure dialysate into the hollow fiber. This not only produces a significant hemodilution, but also backflushes the membrane pores detaching protein layers and improving membrane permeability. These are two examples of how technology will permit to overcome technical barriers to a widespread diffusion of HDF and adequate convective dose delivery.
Clinical Expectation of Online Hemodiafiltration: A Japanese Perspective
Authors: Akizawa Tadao , Koiwa Fumihiko
Published: September 2015

Many pieces of evidence of online hemodiafiltration (HDF) have been reported, and the clinical advantage of postdilution online HDF with sufficient substitution is now established. After the approval of online HDF in 2012, the number of online HDF patients has been dramatically increasing in Japan and reached 10% of the total dialysis population at the end of 2013. One of the marked characteristics of Japanese online HDF is a widespread use of predilution treatment and, in 2013, 90.8% of online HDFs were carried out with the predilution mode. The main reason for the wide use of predilution online HDF results from the low blood flow rate in Japan, by which it is difficult to substitute a sufficient volume during the limited treatment time. Other reasons to choose the predilution mode include the reduction of albumin loss and the suppression of membrane fouling during treatment. Contrary to postdilution treatment, adequate clinical evidence has not been reported for predilution online HDF to provide a better outcome of the patients. A further clinical trial is expected to elucidate the clinical advantages over conventional hemodialysis for predilution online HDF.
Is There an ‘Optimal Dose' of Hemodiafiltration?
Authors: Maduell Francisco
Published: September 2015

Background: Retrospective randomized clinical studies have shown that online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) is associated with a lower risk reduction of mortality than standard hemodialysis. Summary: In all of these large randomized studies, the convective volume seemed to be an important issue, but the optimal OL-HDF dose has not yet been defined. This article, to make a EUDIAL working group position, reviews the association between survival and convective volume, the minimum recommended replacement volume, the importance of the infusion flow rate, and the main limiting factors in achieving a high convective volume. Finally, the article discusses whether the convective dose should be normalized to body size. Key Messages: At present, there is sufficient scientific evidence to indicate that OL-HDF treatment reduces mortality risk and that it should be the first-line option in hemodialysis patients. It seems reasonable to recommend that patients should receive the highest possible convective dose and that the largest possible blood flow should be used to obtain the highest possible infusion flow rate. Based on the results of secondary analyses of the main clinical trials, the current recommendation of the optimal dose of OL-HDF, in the postdilutional mode and on a thrice-weekly treatment schedule, would be a convective volume higher than 23 liters/session. There is insufficient scientific evidence to recommend that the convective dose should be normalized to body size.
Cancer Screening in Patients with Idiopathic Venous Thromboembolism - a Position Paper of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology Working Group on Hemostasis
Authors: Matzdorff Axel , Riess Hanno , Bergmann Frauke , Bisping Guido , Koschmieder Steffen , Parmentier Stefani , Petrides Petro E. , Sosada Markus
Published: September 2015

Cancer can trigger thromboembolism. There is a 4-10% chance of finding an asymptomatic occult cancer in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism (VTE). Current guidelines recommend limited cancer screening with history, physical examination, and screening examinations according to age after idiopathic VTE. Recent studies found that a more extensive screening program, including endoscopy and computed tomography, may increase the cancer detection rate. The Hemostasis Working Group of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology recommends a more extensive screening program after idiopathic VTE.
Longitudinal Mapping of Gyral and Sulcal Patterns of Cortical Thickness and Brain Volume Regain during Early Alcohol Abstinence
Authors: Wang Guo-Ying , Demirakca Traute , van Eijk Julia , Frischknecht Ulrich , Ruf Matthias , Ucar Serhat , Hermann Derik , Mann Karl , Kiefer Falk , Ende Gabriele
Published: September 2015

We explored brain volume recovery in terms of cortical thickness (CTh; gyral, sulcal pattern) and surface area (SA), as well as subcortical volume recovery in the first 2 weeks of abstinence in 49 alcohol-dependent patients (ADPs). A widespread reduction of CTh in ADPs at day 1 of abstinence compared to healthy controls, with more pronounced differences in sulci relative to gyri was found. After 2 weeks of abstinence, partial recovery to varying degrees of CTh loss in ADPs was observed for several regions. The longitudinal CTh changes were greater in sulci than in gyri of affected regions. No longitudinal change in SAs and subcortical volumes was found. Alterations of CTh contribute to brain volume loss in alcoholism and recovery during early abstinence. Sulci seem to be more vulnerable to excessive alcohol consumption and to drive abstinence-induced volume recovery. During the initial 2 weeks of abstinence no subcortical volume regain was observed. Either the time span was too short or the lower subcortical volume could represent a predisposing trait marker.
Minor Elevation in C-Reactive Protein Levels Predicts Incidence of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Hyporesponsiveness among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kimachi Miho , Fukuma Shingo , Yamazaki Shin , Yamamoto Yosuke , Akizawa Tadao , Akiba Takashi , Saito Akira , Fukuhara Shunichi
Published: September 2015

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients occasionally experience minor asymptomatic elevation in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, which may be associated with difficulty in managing renal anemia using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). Here, we assessed whether elevation of CRP predicts future incidences of ESA hyporesponsiveness. Methods: A total of 2,956 HD patients lacking ESA hyporesponsiveness and infectious diseases were enrolled, and the association between CRP levels and incidence of ESA hyporesponsiveness was assessed. CRP levels were divided into 4 categories (normal [<1.0 mg/l], mild [1.0≤ CRP <3.0 mg/l], moderate [3.0≤ CRP <10.0 mg/l] and high [≥10.0 mg/l]). The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of ESA hyporesponsiveness, defined as a failure to achieve hemoglobin level ≥10 g/dl despite receiving high doses of ESAs (≥9,000 U/week recombinant human epoetin [rHuEPO]-α or rHuEPO-β and ≥60 μg/week darbepoetin-α) during 12 months of follow-up. Results: The cumulative incidence of ESA hyporesponsiveness was 134 (4.8%) occurrences over 4 months and 300 (12.4%) over 12 months. The elevated CRP groups had significantly higher incidence of ESA hyporesponsiveness over 4 months of follow-up than the normal reference group (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.6 for moderate; adjusted RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.1 for high). Furthermore, the association remained consistent even over 12 months (adjusted RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8 for moderate; adjusted RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4 for high). Conclusions: Elevated CRP levels were associated with future incidence of ESA hyporesponsiveness from low-grade inflammation (3.0≤ CRP <10.0 mg/l).
Role of Aurora-A in Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: He Yuan , Jiang Wu , Qian Xiaotao , Liu Fang , Zhang Qiao , You Changxuan
Published: September 2015

Background: Recently, several studies have examined associations between Aurora-A expression and clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer, but yielded conflicting results with respect to survival. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of Aurora-A in ovarian cancer by performing a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Chinese BioMed Database (CBM) databases were searched systematically and only articles in which Aurora-A expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Our results show that the pooled HR for OS was 1.40 (95% CI 0.82-1.98, p < 0.01) by univariate analysis in 7 articles (1,028) and 0.32 (95% CI 0.04-0.615, p = 0.23) by multivariate analysis in 3 studies (155). The association between Aurora-A expression and DFS was also statistically significant in 5 studies (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.50-1.78, p < 0.01). Conclusion: This present meta-analysis suggests that the Aurora-A expression may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Furthermore, studies of larger scale and well-matched regimes are warranted to confirm the findings in the future.
Re-Sequencing of the APOL1-APOL4 and MYH9 Gene Regions in African Americans Does Not Identify Additional Risks for CKD Progression
Authors: Hawkins Gregory A. , Friedman David J. , Lu Lingyi , McWilliams David R. , Chou Jeff W. , Sajuthi Satria , Divers Jasmin , Parekh Rulan S. , Li Man , Genovese Giulio , Pollack Martin R. , Hicks Pamela J. , Bowden Donald W. , Ma Lijun , Freedman Barry I. , Langefeld Carl D.
Published: September 2015

Background: In African Americans (AAs), APOL1 G1 and G2 nephropathy risk variants are associated with non-diabetic end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in an autosomal recessive pattern. Additional risk and protective genetic variants may be present near the APOL1 loci, since earlier age ESKD is observed in some AAs with one APOL1 renal-risk variant, and because the adjacent gene MYH9 is associated with nephropathy in populations lacking G1 and G2 variants. Methods: Re-sequencing was performed across a ∼275 kb region encompassing the APOL1-APOL4 and MYH9 genes in 154 AA cases with non-diabetic ESKD and 38 controls without nephropathy who were heterozygous for a single APOL1 G1 or G2 risk variant. Results: Sequencing identified 3,246 non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 55 coding SNPs, and 246 insertion/deletions. No new coding variations were identified. Eleven variants, including a rare APOL3 Gln58Ter null variant (rs11089781), were genotyped in a replication panel of 1,571 AA ESKD cases and 1,334 controls. After adjusting for APOL1 G1 and G2 risk effects, these variations were not significantly associated with ESKD. In subjects with <2 APOL1 G1 and/or G2 alleles (849 cases; 1,139 controls), the APOL3 null variant was nominally associated with ESKD (recessive model, OR 1.81; p = 0.026); however, analysis in 807 AA cases and 634 controls from the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes did not replicate this association. Conclusion: Additional common variants in the APOL1-APOL4-MYH9 region do not contribute significantly to ESKD risk beyond the APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles.
Juventudes en resistencia. Educar para una comunidad hermenéutica
Authors: Calderón-Vélez Milton Leonel
Published: September 2015

(Descriptivo): En el siguiente artículo descriptivo aborda la problemática de las juventudes en el espacio educativo, en tanto la escuela es un lugar importante como “mundo” de vida juvenil. Se considera que en dicho espacio los estudiantes y las estudiantes expresan diversas formas de resistencia hacia la sociedad adultocéntrica en tanto sujetos en condición biopolítica. Se presenta como preludio una situación real ocurrida en el ámbito educativo ecuatoriano, y desde allí se analiza diversos conceptos que permiten explicar la actuación de los sujetos adultos en medio de los espacios escolares. Se sugiere como alternativa la construcción de una “comunidad de sentido” en la que se consideren nuevas perspectivas respecto de la categoría “juventudes”, que posibiliten la búsqueda de consensos entre el mundo adulto -que dirige la escuela-, y sus propias subjetividades.
La argumentación metacognitiva en el aula de ciencias
Authors: Sánchez-Castaño Jairo Alejandro , Castaño-Mejía Olga Yazmín , Tamayo-Alzate Óscar Eugenio
Published: September 2015

(analítico): Nuestro objetivo central en esta investigación fue describir cualitativamente la categoría argumentación metacognitiva en estudiantes de básica secundaria, con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 16 años. Seguimos un enfoque cualitativo en el que diseñamos tres escenarios en perspectiva CTS para la recolección de la información. Los resultados derivados del análisis de la información nos permitieron, a manera de conclusiones, caracterizar tres tendencias en la expresión de la argumentación metacognitiva: a) a partir del sentir-pensar-actuar, b) las centradas en el conocimiento y, c) las centradas en la perspectiva ética de los estudiantes y las estudiantes. Debido al potencial de la categoría aquí investigada en función del logro de aprendizajes en profundidad en ciencias, sería pertinente que futuros estudios profundizaran en la comprensión de las interacciones entre argumentación y metacognición, y enfatizaran en relación a cómo desarrollarla en el aula.
Emprendimiento Empresarial Juvenil: Una evaluación con jóvenes estudiantes de universidad
Authors: García-García Víctor Daniel
Published: September 2015

(analítico): Se reflexiona aquí en torno a una de las estrategias que en México se han destacado para atender la crisis de empleo decente. Mi objetivo es indagar sobre las intenciones que los jóvenes y las jóvenes estudiantes de universidad tienen respecto al emprendimiento empresarial. A través de una encuesta aplicada a una muestra probabilística de jóvenes universitarios y universitarios, obtuve resultados que dejan ver que, aun cuando existe una fuerte estrategia mediática orientada a posicionar el tema en la gente joven, la población juvenil todavía no adopta ni adapta sus prácticas a esta dinámica empresarial. Se concluye que el emprendimiento empresarial juvenil puede ser una estrategia adecuada para: (1) enfrentar la crisis de empleo decente; (2) agenciar al sujeto joven, siempre y cuando existan las condiciones materiales y culturales propicias para llevarlo a cabo
The ‘Violence’ of Deconstruction
Authors: Gasché Rodolphe
Published: September 2015

Against Lévi-Strauss’ contention that writing and, subsequently, violence find its way into Nambikwara society only through foreigners and from the outside, Derrida argues that their interdiction to use proper names is testimony to the fact that its members know the violence associated with naming. The paper discusses arche-writing as a most elementary form of writing, and the violence associated with it, as the condition of possibility for naming, and thus for relating to the Other to begin with. Furthermore, it elaborates on the two other kinds of violence that derive from the violence of naming, namely, reparatory violence and violence in the common sense.
Violence and Historicity: Derrida’s Early Readings of Heidegger
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: September 2015

With the recent publication of Jacques Derrida’s seminar of 1964–65, Heidegger: The Question of Being and History, it has become abundantly clear that when the full history of Derrida’s half-century-long engagement with Heidegger is finally written a special place will have to be reserved for the question of history itself, and especially the question of history or historicity in its irreducible relationship to language and to violence. In this essay, I look at just a few key passages from “Violence and Metaphysics,” first published in 1964, and Derrida’s seminar on Heidegger from that same year in order to try to isolate what appears to be an important transitional moment in Derrida’s rethinking of the questions of language, violence, and history, in large part, it seems, thanks to, or accompanied by, Heidegger. Indeed, while Derrida’s engagement with Heidegger over the next four decades will go on to include questions of technology, the animal, species difference, sexual difference, and so on, the relationship between language, history, and violence that came to draw his attention in the early 1960s and that would be crucial to what Derrida will go on to call deconstruction will continue to haunt him, as I will suggest in conclusion, right up to his very last seminar, The Beast and the Sovereign, in 2002–2003.
Resistance and Repetition: Freud and Hegel
Authors: Comay Rebecca
Published: September 2015

This essay explores the vicissitudes of resistance as the central concept of both Freud and Hegel. Read through the prism of psychoanalysis, Hegel appears less as a philosopher of inexorable progress (the infamous cunning of reason) than as a thinker of repetition, delay, and stuckness. It is only on this seemingly unpromising basis that the radical potential of both thinkers can be retrieved.
The Πόλεμος That Gathers All: Heraclitus on War
Authors: Baracchi Claudia
Published: September 2015

Heraclitus reportedly said that πόλεμος is “father of all, king of all” (Fragment B53). However, we should be cautious around the translation of πόλεμος as “war.” How to hear this term in its multifarious signification is precisely the theme of the present essay. The analysis of various Heraclitean fragments, furthermore, may call into question the view of politics as constitutively involving war and violence (thinkers as diverse as Carl Schmitt, Walter Benjamin, Hobbes, and Marx offer varying formulations of this position) and contribute to the task of understanding politics otherwise. Granted, the examination of Heraclitean texts may appear rather tangential, even remote, with respect to this question. And yet, however obliquely, this study points to a meditation on politics as genuinely and meaningfully resting on the practice of peace—or, one might say, on a radically other understanding of the word “war.”