bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geospatial Data Enrichment through Address Geocoding: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Hristov Emil , Petrova-Antonova Dessislava , De Paoli Flavio , Krasteva Iva , Ciavotta Michele , Avogadro Roberto
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Enriching geospatial data, particularly through address geocoding, is fundamental to many geospatial analytical solutions, facilitating resource allocation, accessibility assessment, and urban development planning. This paper explores the address geocoding approaches from traditional GIS-based methods to advanced data-driven solutions, emphasising their accuracy, efficiency, and complementarity. Geospatial data enrichment challenges are explored using the SemTUI framework and QGIS platform. SemTUI employs a data-driven approach that facilitates interactive semantic enrichment and address reconciliation. QGIS is utilised for address geocoding, using the MMQGIS plugin with two geocoding web services provided by OSM and Google. The comparison between SemTUI and QGIS workflows highlights their complementary strengths. SemTUI offers intuitive interfaces and an automated solution, while QGIS provides advanced geospatial visualisation and analysis capabilities. Practical applications in supply-demand analysis of social amenities and walkability index calculation demonstrate the significance of geocoding in urban planning. Further research efforts are focused on enhancing the integration between SemTUI and QGIS to improve the precision and performance of address geocoding and further spatial data analysis.
A 3D Spatial Model to integrate Stormwater Drainage Design into Public Space
Authors: Jia Jing , Zlatanova Sisi , Zhang Kefeng , Hawken Scott
Published: October 2024

Abstract. This paper explores the integration of water sensitive urban design within public space planning using integrated 3D digital technologies. In traditional design processes, drainage and public space design often utilise distinct software and are led by different professionals, which creates significant communication barriers.Although civil and hydraulic engineers have made significant strides in integrating hydrology analysis with multi-objective space design, the collaboration of conventional 2D hydrology with 3D landscape design still presents challenges. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel approach that integrates drainage analysis and design within a 3D design model. This methodology is specifically designed to aid landscape and urban designers in incorporating stormwater management and drainage systems early in the design process. The approach involves three key steps: (1) identifying critical factors that impact, or are impacted by, drainage design; (2) translating these factors into specific spatial parameters; and (3) developing a workflow to integrate these parameters. This integration not only streamlines the design process, making it more cohesive and efficient but also mitigates potential conflicts between drainage requirements and spatial design, thereby reducing unnecessary revisions. Ultimately, this approach enhances the incorporation of essential drainage considerations into urban and landscape planning, leading to more sustainable and functional public spaces.
UAV 2D Path Planning Considering Ground Suitability for Flying Safety in Digital Twin
Authors: Kim Jieun , Sung Hongki , Cheong Kyoosoo , Kim Tae-Hoon , Youn Junhee
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The utilization of various UAVs such as facility inspection and delivery is increasing. Ensuring safety in carrying out various UAV missions is an important issue related to human and property damage. Safe operation of UAVs flying autonomously along pre-located routes requires safe route planning to prevent collisions between aircraft in consideration of ground and air obstacles. Pass flight is also essential to minimize damage in the event of a crash. This paper deals with the optimal UAV 2D routing plan considering ground compatibility for flight safety. High ground compatibility here means that the damage caused by the crash is less than when it is not. In this paper, we first defined dynamic and static obstacles. Next, we derived ground compatibility considering dynamic and static obstacles. We used estimation algorithms and land use data to calculate ground compatibility values for flight safety, and through experiments, we calculated an optimal 2DUAV route plan for flight safety.
Modified ICP based Framework for 3D Localization and Mapping in GNSS-denied Environments using LiDAR
Authors: Koshti Mansi , Barnwal Surbhi , Goel Salil
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Lidar odometry and mapping has emerged as fundamental technology in various fields, including accurate positioning and mapping, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and environmental monitoring. The ability to create accurate maps and calculate trajectories is essential for localization and navigation in complex environments, particularly in scenarios where GNSS signal are unavailable. In this context, we propose a novel method for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) specifically designed for GNSS-denied environments and without the need for high-accuracy ranging or inertial measurement units (IMUs). Our approach aims to address the challenges posed by GNSS-denied environments and the cost constraints associated with using multiple sensors. By using only lidar sensors, specifically the Velodyne VLP 16 sensor, we offer a cost-effective solution. Our method utilizes a modified version of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm to handle consecutive lidar scans seamlessly. In addition to our method, we conducted thorough accuracy assessments on the created map. The reason behind extensive accuracy evaluation is to ensure the quality of registration. By comparing alignment between the features of different frames within the map and determining the error between the registered features and the original, we gain a more comprehensive understanding of registration quality.
Comparison of Urban Environment Factors for Solar-Powered Vehicles
Authors: Ku Jiyoon , Park Hyeong-Dong
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Urban areas face significant environmental challenges, including high CO2 emissions largely attributed to the transportation sector. Introducing solar-powered vehicles (SPVs) presents a promising solution to reduce urban carbon footprints. However, in dense urban settings, the effectiveness of SPVs is often compromised by shading from buildings, which significantly diminishes solar power generation. This study explores the impact of shading on urban roads, aiming to identify roads with substantial shadow variations that affect solar energy harvesting. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hillshade analysis, the study examines how nearby buildings and road orientation influence shadow variability. The findings reveal considerable variability in shadow throughout the year, with significant fluctuations during transitional months like February, August, October, and November. These results highlight the importance of considering shadow patterns in urban planning and vehicle routing to optimise the use of solar energy in urban settings.
Systematic Review on Citizen Science and Artificial Intelligence for Vector-Borne Diseases
Authors: Saran Sameer , Singh Priyanka
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a significant threat to public health globally. VBDs are a significant public health concern worldwide, with infections such as Malaria, Dengue Fever, Zika Virus, and Lyme Disease posing a threat to global health security. There is a need for innovative and effective strategies to control these diseases. One potential solution lies in the integration of citizen science and artificial intelligence technologies. Citizen science, which involves the participation of volunteers in scientific research, can greatly contribute to data collection and monitoring efforts for vector-borne diseases. Artificial intelligence can enhance the analysis of this data, leading to improved disease surveillance, prediction, and control strategies. Citizen Science involves active public participation in scientific research, data collection, and analysis, while AI and Machine Learning (ML) techniques offer powerful tools for processing and interpreting large datasets. By leveraging the power of citizen science and artificial intelligence, we can harness the collective efforts of volunteers and advanced technology to better understand, track, and mitigate the spread of vector-borne diseases. Through the combination of citizen science and artificial intelligence, a more comprehensive and efficient approach can be taken to gather data on vector-borne diseases, analyze the data, and inform public health interventions. This systematic review aims to explore the role of citizen science and artificial intelligence in addressing the challenges associated with vector-borne diseases. It will examine the existing literature on the use of citizen science and artificial intelligence in vector-borne disease research, including their applications, benefits, and limitations, in order to provide insights and recommendations for future research and public health strategies.
An Approach for Measuring Spatial Accessibility to Services/Facilities by Urban Community Aged Population
Authors: Bai Ju , Chen Chen , Yu Gao , Kai Bi , Chen Lina
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Population aging is a global trend and a world-wide challenge to many governments. The high-quality life of the elderly cannot be separated from the support of basic services and facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct analysis and research on the accessibility of urban community services and facilities. It is worth noting that the research in this article is based on master thesis (Bai, 2013). Drawing on the data, methods, and conclusions from the master's thesis, in this paper, an approach is designed for measuring spatial accessibility to services/facilities by a spatially dispersed ageing population in urban areas. The local government area (LGA) of Monash in the Melbourne metropolitan area has been selected the case study area. This study combines GIS-based spatial analytical procedures and two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method, in conjunction with mesh block level 2011 population data, service/facility data and transportation network data, to measure and map spatial variations in potential accessibility to services and facilities deemed essential to the aged population. Service facilities considered in the study include bus stops, train stations, bank facilities, shopping centres, post offices, churches, parks, public libraries, community centres, pharmacies, GP clinics and hospitals in Monash LGA. The research results can be used to optimize the spatial planning and layout of public facilities for ageing population.
A Coupled CA Urban Development Model (UDM) and Urban Fabric Generator (UFG) for the Assessment of Climate Hazards on Future Urban Development
Authors: Barr Stuart , Ford Alistair , Glenis Vassilis , Robson Craig , Butters Olivia , Virgo James
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Cellular Automata (CA) spatial models have become a de facto means by which to simulate future scenarios of land use activity, particularly urban development. Increasingly, such models are being employed within large scale climate impact, adaption and resilience studies to provide future scenarios of land use change and urban development, facilitating the calculation of the economic impact of future climate hazards and development land use adaption options. However, many spatial CA models only provide information on whether land has undergone a transition from one use/activity to a new one. In the case of urban development, they are unable to provide information on the spatial pattern of new development at an intra-cell level of spatial fidelity. However, in many cases such information is important as the spatial impacts of hazards and the adaption and resilience of new urban development will be dependent on the precise spatial configuration of buildings, roads and urban green space. In this paper an Urban Fabric Generator (UFG) is presented that takes the outputs of an Urban Development Model (UDM) and simulates plausible spatial configurations of buildings, roads and urban green space. The utility of the UFG is demonstrated via two flooding case studies, where generated spatial patterns of urban form are used to parameterise a hydrodynamic pluvial flood model that evaluates the impact of future climate driven rainfall on property damage and the utility of infrastructure investment with regards to improving surface water flood resilience.
Study on the Applicability of Deterioration Detection Techniques for Sandstone Heritage in Multi Environment using MLP-Attention Model
Authors: Yan Chengjin , Cheng Yuan , Zhang Yue , Yu Haomin , Huang Jizhong , Yan Hongbin
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Stone cultural heritage, encompassing a broad spectrum of artifacts such as stone artworks, buildings, tools, and utensils, represents one of the most significant categories of cultural heritage. However, the conservation of these cultural heritage faces challenges from the process of deterioration. This degradation not only compromises the structural integrity of the heritage but also results in the loss of invaluable historical information. Thus, there emerges a critical demand for effective methods to detect and assess the condition of stone cultural heritage, enabling timely and precise conservation interventions. Here we obtained sandstone samples under different deteriorative environments through laboratory-simulated deterioration experiments and employed a variety of detection technologies to capture a series of changes in the deterioration detection parameters during the sandstone deterioration process. Subsequently, a deep learning model was established to correlate the detection parameters with the degree of stone deterioration. A SHAP analysis was then conducted to determine the contribution of various parameters to the degree of stone weathering under different experimental environments, providing recommendations for selecting appropriate detection technologies and indicators adapted to different deterioration environments. To further analyze the deterioration processes of the stone samples, XRD analysis was conducted to observe changes in mineral composition throughout the deterioration process. SEM images were utilized to examine the changes in micro-morphology and the internal pore structure associated with deterioration. This study provides a basis for the scientific design of deterioration detection schemes by selecting the most suitable testing technology for optimal deterioration assessment under specific environmental conditions.
Establishing Natural Resources Monitoring Systems in China: Situation, Problem and Suggestion
Authors: Li Fangzhou , Jia Zongren , Zhou Xia
Published: October 2024

Abstract. In order to fundamentally support work for achieve "climate action, life below water, and life on land" 3 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, and to realize unified monitoring and refined management of natural resources, this paper collects, organizes, analyzes, and summarizes national policy, management department documents, relevant papers, and the latest industry development trends through the literature induction method. It systematically studies current monitoring networks from the perspectives of land resources monitoring, mineral resources monitoring, forest resources monitoring, grassland resources monitoring, water resources monitoring, wetland resources monitoring, marine resources monitoring. It indicates such problems as inconsistent classification standards and monitoring technical standards for natural resources, lack of smooth connection among monitoring networks, and insufficient high-tech applications. It proposes suggestions of building 1+N monitoring system, coordinating multi-level and multi-category monitoring mechanisms, improving monitoring intelligence level, strengthening the ability to obtain multi-source spatiotemporal data, and constructing an information sharing platform, to better build a unified natural resource monitoring system, and serve the refined management of natural resources.
Invariant Extended Kalman Filtering for Pedestrian Deep-Inertial Odometry
Authors: Bai Shiyu , Wen Weisong , Yu Yue , Hsu Li-Ta
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Indoor localization for pedestrians, which relies solely on inertial odometry, has been a topic of great interest. Its significance lies in its ability to provide positioning solutions independently, without the need for external data. Although traditional strap-down inertial navigation shows rapid drift, the introduction of pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), and artificial intelligence (AI) has enhanced the applicability of inertial odometry for indoor localization. However, inertial odometry continues to be affected by drift, inherent to the nature of dead reckoning. This implies that even a slight error at a given moment can lead to a significant decrease in accuracy after continuous integration operations. In this paper, we propose a novel approach aimed at enhancing the positioning accuracy of inertial odometry. Firstly, we derive a learning-based forward speed using inertial measurements from a smartphone. Unlike mainstream methods where the learned speed is directly used to determine the position, we use the forward speed combined with non-holonomic constraint (NHC) as a measurement to update the state predicted within a strap-down inertial navigation framework. Secondly, we employ an invariant extended Kalman filter (IEKF)-based state estimation to facilitate fusion to cope with the nonlinearity arising from the system and measurement model. Experimental tests are carried out in different scenarios using an iPhone 12, and traditional methods, including PDR, robust neural inertial navigation (RONIN), and the EKF-based method, are compared. The results suggest that the method we propose surpasses these traditional methods in performance.
Narratives of Personhood and Caregiving in Ontario Long-Term Care Homes During COVID-19
Authors: Badone Ellen
Published: October 2024

Drawing on narratives recorded from family members of residents in long-term care homes in Ontario, Canada, during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, in this paper, I present a two-pronged argument. First, following Taylor (2008) and Seaman (2018, 2020) I suggest that family caregiving for residents of long-term care homes helps to sustain residents’ personhood: the recognition of their identity as an ongoing participant in their social universe. The second part of my argument is that caregiving is a multifaceted and paradoxical endeavour. While caregiving can be a transformative and reciprocal practice of self-actualization (cf. Kleinman 2012; Kleinman and van der Geest 2009), at times it can also be troubled, ambivalent, and stressful (Cook and Trumble 2020). At its best, caregiving is a two-way street, enabling the maintenance of personhood for the care recipient, and validating the caregiver’s sense of ‘moral agency,’ or what medical anthropologist Neely Myers (2015, 13) defines as the capacity to be recognized in one’s local sphere as a good person who can make intimate connections to others. When caregiving goes awry, however, it leads to frustration, despair, and a sense of moral failure for the caregiver. For the care recipient, non-recognition and the loss of personhood can lead to social death and may also hasten physical decline. I conclude that for both professional and family caregivers of long-term care residents, systemic improvement of social and material support is needed to mitigate the challenges inherent in the recognition of personhood in caregiving relationships.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving the Efficiency of the Company's Supply Chain
Authors: Husein Muh , Rajagukguk Jenni Ria , Putranto Kartiko Eko
Published: October 2024

The development of technology, especially in the era of Industry 4.0, has significantly impacted various sectors, including supply chain management. Artificial Intelligence (AI), one of the leading technologies in Industry 4.0, has excellent potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain. This study aims to identify the relationship between AI and the concept of supply chain management and analyze the practice of using AI to improve supply chain efficiency at PT. Pelita Media Nusantara. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study examines various relevant literature and data. The results of the study indicate that the application of AI at PT. Pelita Media Nusantara has increased the supply chain's visibility, accuracy, and responsiveness. Implementing big data analytics, IoT sensors, and AI-based predictive systems allows companies to optimize procurement, production, and distribution processes. This case study also reveals that complex technology integration and the need for skilled human resources are the main challenges in implementing AI. This study provides important insights for academics and practitioners in developing more effective and efficient AI-based supply chain management strategies.
“I feel as lonely as a wreck at sea”: Reviewing Fernando Pessoa’s Youth Literary Companion, Charles Robert Anon
Authors: Colom Jiménez María
Published: October 2024

When initiating the journey to explore Fernando Pessoa’s (1888-1935) literary world, one rapidly becomes conscious of the vast literary output developed by the author. With means of understanding his whole literary universe, it must be acknowledged that Pessoa was bilingual, and that English, and Portuguese language cohabited in his literary universe. One is struck by astonishment when discovering that there are in fact so many English-writing literary characters, so many texts, anthologies, fragments, and literary projects in English. This study revises Pessoa’s pre-heteronymic process and the creation of English literary characters who are introduced into a dialogical chain, which later becomes a more serious literary depersonalisation process in his adulthood. By revising Pessoa’s youth companion Charles Robert Anon, this study intends to outline the Portuguese authors literary process and the starting point and evolution of what later became his most exceptional concept: the heteronyms. Through his character and the texts he signed, Anon represents young Pessoa’s “intellectual anxieties and existential concerns of a young intellectual entering adulthood” (Zenith in Pessoa 2001: 7). This study sustains that the edition, publication, translation, and critical analysis of the totality of Anon’s literary production is an important element to shed light in the understanding of Pessoa’s drama-in-people and adult writings.
A Study to Analyze the Relationship between Body Mass Index, Core Endurance and Flat Foot among College Students
Authors: N Nithya , Abraham M Manoj , S Rajalakshmi
Published: October 2024

Background: Flat foot, a common deformity which is mostly asymptomatic in adults is characterized by collapse of longitudinal medial arch, abduction of the forefoot, internal rotation and calcaneal eversion. Core endurance and Body mass index are two important factors which affect the quality and performance of standing body balance and walking.
Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between Body Mass Index, Core endurance and Flat foot among college students.
Materials & Methods: 85 students (32 males and 53 females) were selected for the study according to the selection criteria. Body mass index was calculated using Body Mass Index formulae, Core Endurance was assessed using Mc Gill’s core endurance test and Flat foot was assessed using Navicular Drop Test. The overall data was collected and taken for analysis.
Results: The Pearson Correlation Coefficient is used to measure the strength of a linear association between two variables. The relationship between the flat foot and body mass index was correlated with an ‘r’ value of 0.53. The relationship between the flat foot and trunk flexor and extensor core endurance was correlated with an ‘r’ value of 0.32 and 0.008.
Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between the flat foot and the body mass index, and also positive relationship between the flat foot and trunk flexor and extensor core endurance.

Key words: Body Mass Index, Core endurance, Flat foot, Navicular drop test, McGill’s core endurance test.
An Indigenous Design of Splinting for Radial Nerve Palsy Patient - A Case Study
Authors: Dash Rashmita
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The radial nerve is the most frequently injured major nerve of the upper extremity leading to a clinical condition of wrist drop. Individuals affected experiences major hand impairments that include spasticity, limited range of motion, poor muscle strength which in turn results in restriction of the upper extremity in performing activities of daily living. Splinting to maintain joint motion and functional use of the hand is usually required until nerve recovery occurs or tendon transfer procedures are performed. Application of various types of splints in this population is widely used in clinical practice as an integral part of rehabilitation.
Method: the patient suffering from radial nerve palsy with significant wrist drop was provided a new design assistive glove aimed to provide an appropriate splinting management for prehension activity. This further allows them to improve motor recovery and regain functional independence by active assistance of the newly designed gloves. The outcome measure of upper extremity functional recovery evaluated clinically by Modified Ashworth Scale for spasticity and available active range of motion before and after a period of 3 weeks was assessed.
Result and Conclusion: After the splint is worn for a period of 3 weeks a positive result is observed on patient with increased hand function along with active range of motion and decrease in spasticity. The patient is able to perform the grasping and gripping activity individually and independently. This study concludes the application of splinting on radial nerve palsy individuals enhances the upper limb functional recovery and reduces the motor impairment of the hand.

Key words: Radial nerve palsy, Spasticity, Assistive glove, Activities of daily living
A Cross Sectional Study to Estimate the Risk of Developing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among Flour Mill Workers
Authors: Ladha Nidhi , Haridas Shradha
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Flour dust is a heterogeneous substance with respiratory sensitizing properties. Wheat flour is a complex organic dust with a large diversity of antigenic or allergic components. In this study the association for risk of developing COPD among flour mill workers will be assessed using Peak expiratory flow rate and lung function questionnaire.
Method: 101 flour mill workers were approached and consented for the assessment. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were assessed using peak flow meter and risk of developing COPD were assessed using lung function questionnaire (LFQ).
Result: 7(6.93%) out of 101 flour mill workers were falling under a risk of developing COPD and 94(93.07%) were falling under no risk of developing COPD.
23(22.77%) out of 101 flour mill workers were found to have minimum obstruction and 78(77.23%) were found to have no obstruction.
Conclusion: It was concluded that there were no significant association found for risk of developing COPD among flour mill workers.

Key words: Flour mill workers, COPD, P.E.F.R., Lung function questionnaire.
Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation with Heart Failure Comorbid: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nazar Ghazali Yusuf La Ode Muhammad , Ilyas Muhammad , Yunus Faisal
Published: October 2024

Heart Failure (HF) is one of the comorbidities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), associated with the incidence of respiratory tract infections which is a risk factor for COPD exacerbations. Eleven studies conducted in the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence of COPD exacerbations with HF comorbidity was 29,43 % (95%CI:17,68%- 42,92%) and statistical heterogenity among the eleven studies was significant (I2 = 99,95%. Q = 191,96 p=<0,001). Eight studies were based in Europe, two studies in Americas and one study in Asia. Prevalence of COPD exacerbations with HF comorbidity based on WHO region subgroup analysis found European region 31,44% (95%CI: 17,87%-46,58%), America’s region 32,92% (95%CI: 12,61%-55,73%) and the Western Pacific region 10,86% (95%CI:10,03%- 13,21%) with significant statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 99,94%, Q = 191,96, p= <0,001). The age of exacerbating COPD patients with comorbid heart failure was above 70 years and there were differences in gender characteristics based on the two studies that reported. Statins reduce the incidence of COPD exacerbations. Differences in the risk of COPD exacerbation receiving Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ACEi/ARB) therapy. The most common comorbid cardiovascular disease apart from heart failure are atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease. As a conclusion, the pooled prevalence of COPD exacerbations with heart failure comorbid in this systematic review and meta-analysis was 29.43% (95% CI:17.68%-42.92%).

Keywords: COPD exacerbation, Heart Failure, prevalence
The Influence of Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosure Concepts on the Success of Sustainable Business in Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2023 with the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning System as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Syahputri Dafani Risqi Ananda , Maksum Azhar , Bulan Siregar Narumondang
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze the influence of environmental disclosure, social disclosure and governance disclosure on sustainable business as proxied by Net Profit Margin (NPM) in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2023 and moderated by Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP).
This type of research is quantitative descriptive which uses secondary data with testing tools in the form of SPSS version 29, and the sample used was 51 companies with purposive sampling technique as the sample selection technique.
The results of hypothesis testing show that environmental disclosure has a significant positive effect on sustainable business, while social disclosure has a significant negative effect and governance disclosure has a negative but not significant effect on sustainable business. Overall, this interaction is moderated by ERP. Apart from that, ERP has positive effect also been proven to be able to have a direct influence on sustainable business.

Keywords: Environmental Disclosure, Social Disclosure, Governance Disclosure, Sustainable Business, Net Profit Margin, Enterprise Resource Planning System
Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Literature Review
Authors: William Kuswara Leonardus , Meregawa Putu Feryawan
Published: October 2024

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a hip condition characterized by abnormal contact between the femoral head and the acetabulum, often leading to joint damage and osteoarthritis. This literature review explores the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for FAI, synthesizing current research findings from clinical and biomechanical studies. FAI is classified into two primary types: cam impingement, caused by deformity of the femoral head, and pincer impingement, due to acetabular over-coverage. Mixed types involving both mechanisms are also common. Advancements in imaging modalities, such as MRI and CT, have improved diagnostic accuracy, allowing for earlier detection and better differentiation between types of FAI. Conservative treatment options, including physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications, are often first-line therapies. However, surgical intervention, particularly arthroscopy, has gained prominence for symptomatic patients, demonstrating favorable outcomes in restoring hip function and delaying the progression of osteoarthritis. Despite the success of surgical interventions, challenges remain in understanding the long-term outcomes, particularly concerning the recurrence of symptoms and the risk of joint degeneration. This review also highlights controversies regarding the optimal management of asymptomatic FAI, as the risk-benefit balance of surgical treatment in such cases remains unclear. Overall, FAI remains a significant clinical issue requiring a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes, and further longitudinal studies are necessary to assess the efficacy of treatment strategies over time.

Keywords: Femoroacetabular, Impingement, Joint
Power Loss Minimization and Voltage Profile Improvement on Nigeria Distribution Network Using Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Osazuwa Obakpolo, , Ikenna Onyegbadue , Mathurine Guiawa
Published: October 2024

The power grid has significant power losses, unstable voltage, and large voltage drops during high demand due to its high resistance. One way to reduce power loss is by strategically placing and sizing Distributed Generation (DG) within the distribution network. However, improper installation of DG can increase power loss. To address this issue, various optimization techniques have been used, but finding the best solution and dealing with complex issues has been challenging. It is important to make efforts to optimally place and size DG in the distribution network to minimize power loss. To this end, a research study aimed to minimize power loss and improve the voltage profile on the DG network using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) was done. Objective functions were formulated and integrated into WOA, and power flow analysis on the standard IEEE 33-bus and 33-bus Ilorin industrial distribution feeder with and without DG was conducted using the forward and backward sweep distribution load flow algorithm. The optimal size and location of DG for power network loss reduction using sensitivity analysis (SA) and the whale optimization algorithm were determined. The results of the power flow analysis indicated that the total active losses and reactive power losses were reduced to varying extents with the integration of DG using both SA and WOA. The validation results showed that WOA is more efficient and provides high-quality solutions in terms of system loss reduction and best placement for DG in power systems compared to the application of SA. Additionally, WOA was found to offer accurate and high-quality solutions for power loss reduction compared to other existing techniques such as Loss Sensitivity Analysis (LSA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Adaptive Shuffled Frogs Leaping Algorithm (ASFLA), and One Rank Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ORCSA).

Keywords: Optimization, Distributed Generation (DG), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Sensitivity Analysis (SA)
Evaluation of the Physicochemical Quality of Irrigation Water from the Wells of Laya Doula, CR of Nialia, Prefecture of Faranah, Republic of Guinea
Authors: Aliou DIALL Mamadou , CISSE Abdoulaye , BARRY Mamadou Alpha
Published: October 2024

This research aims to evaluate the physicochemical quality of well irrigation water, used by market gardening groups in the District of Laya Doula, CR Nialia, Faranah prefecture, Republic of Guinea. Direct observation and analyses are carried out, direct observation consists of taking stock of the situation and identifying sampling points. The pH, temperature, turbidity, nitrite and nitrate are determined according to standard standards. A mapping of water sources is carried out. Water samples were taken from four (4) wells. The results show that the pH of the wells (PLD1, PLD2, PLD3 and PLD4) comply with WHO standards, and the temperatures are well below 35°C as the upper indicative limit value for water intended for irrigation according to BELGYTI (2009). From the point of view of turbidity, three wells (PLD1, PLD3 and PLD4) out of four are turbid because their turbidity exceeds the limit value defined by the WHO which is (5 NTU). The water samples are not polluted with Nitrite and Nitrate. In short, the results of analyses of the water samples showed that the majority of the physicochemical parameters meet the WHO standards.

Keywords: Physicochemical parameters, water, wells, irrigation, Guinea.
Factors Affecting Project Owners' Commitment to Implement Green Building Principles in the South Kalimantan Province of Indonesia
Authors: Kelvin Jovan Neil , Mursadin Aqli
Published: October 2024

The construction of green buildings faces various challenges, including high costs, extended implementation timelines, and numerous requirements that must be satisfied. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the implementation of green buildings. The research focuses on the PUPR Office in South Kalimantan Province, as well as planning consultants, construction management personnel, and contractors involved in the construction projects of the South Kalimantan Sports Hall and the Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari Mosque in South Kalimantan Province. Key factors affecting the implementation of green buildings include financial commitment, energy savings, and the utilization of environmentally friendly materials. These factors encompass several variables: additional fund allocation for green buildings, the skills and experience of designers, the integration of natural and artificial lighting, energy-saving planning, the application of prefabrication technology and flatpack design, the use of sustainable materials, the incorporation of local wisdom, and strategies for light efficiency and outsourcing that involve gain sharing.

Keywords: Building Construction, Building Energy Performance, Energy, Green Building, Green Construction
Design And Build Project Risk Analysis at Tugu Pal 0 Stage II Project Construction
Authors: Nugraha Ryan Tirta , Mursadin Aqli
Published: October 2024

The implementation of the design and build method in the Phase II Pal Nol Monument construction project, managed by the Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency (PUPR) of South Kalimantan Province, aims to analyze the risks associated with the design and construction processes. This project, which utilizes an integrated design and build construction method (multi-year), is located on Jl. Dharma Praja within the South Kalimantan Provincial Office Area and executed by the contractor KSO ADHI-PUTRA. A comprehensive risk mitigation strategy for the project includes detailed work planning, effective coordination, periodic evaluation, a thorough understanding of design specifications, continuous risk analysis, flexible contingency plans, and strong communication with government entities and stakeholders.

Keywords: Risk Analysis, Design and Build, Construction, Tugu PAL 0 Stage II
Fundamental Commitment and Agreement in Bank Credits: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Sidabariba Burhan
Published: October 2024

Legal protection theory is economically and juridically given to weak communities. To protect human rights, the state wants a harmonious relationship between the government and the people based on a proportional functional relationship between state powers where dispute resolution is carried out through deliberation. The paper is aimed at discussing commitments and agreements among banks and bank creditors. The present study employed a descriptive qualitative method. The results show that objects are classified as movable and immovable in which five distinctions can be seen. The first is related to collateral charges including a distinction between movable and immovable objects, between movable and immovable objects that determine the form or type of encumbrance in the form of fiduciary or pledge and collateral in the form of immovable objects, of binding or encumbrance, and of Mortgage Rights. The second refers to leveraging, namely the distinction between movable and immovable objects resulting in differences in the delivery of the object. The third is oriented to movable objects, in which delivery is carried out by handing over the object, whereas for immovable objects the handover is done in exchange of name, for example. The fourth considers the terms of expiry for immovable objects with no expiration, while for movable objects there is an expiration. Finally, it regards the bezit for movable objects in which a bezitter of movable property is the owner of the object, whereas for immovable objects he is not the owner.

Keywords: Credit guarantee, law, agreement, special guarantee, debt guarantee
Dividend Policy and Share Price Volatility of Listed Construction Firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
Authors: NAMAAFU WAFULA SARAH , MIROGA JULIUS BICHANGA
Published: October 2024

The inherent volatility in all stock market scares low risk takers from the financial market and is capable of deterring investments. One of the factors that drives investors’ reactions to stock pricing is the dividend policy. This study examined the influence of dividend policy on the volatility of stock prices of construction firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange for the period spanning five (5) years from 2019 to 2023. The study was dealt with on the following objectives; to examine the influence of dividend pay-out on share price volatility of listed construction firms at the NSE, Kenya, to determine the influence of dividend yield on share price volatility of listed construction firms at the NSE, Kenya. The study was guided by the: Dividend relevance theory, and dividend irrelevance theory. This study adopted a correlational research design while dealing with the research objectives. A census method was employed in data collection before analysis of the audited financial statements that was downloaded from the firm websites in arriving at detailed and well informed conclusions by employing Multiple regression, Correlation and ANOVA techniques using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to establish the existence (or lack of it) of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable of the study. The findings revealed that dividend policy influenced share price volatility by; dividend pay-out ratio (r=0.111, β=0.036, t=4.7240); and dividend yield (r= -0.018, β= -0.003, t= 2.7130). The study recommended that potential and existing investors should opt for listed firms in the construction sector with a high dividend payout ratio compared to the earnings generated by the firms; Investors to invest in firms with high dividend payouts. The study achieved its main objective.

Keywords: Dividend Policy, Dividend Pay-out, Dividend Yield, Share Price Volatility
Strategic Management Practices and Accessibility of Non-Governmental Organizations to Donor Funding in Turkana County, Kenya
Authors: ETAAN CICILIA MAJUMA , NAMBUSWA MAKOKHA ELIZABETH , NJIBWAKALE ALBERT WANAMBISI
Published: October 2024

Non-governmental organizations exist in international development to offer services to vulnerable persons and communities, and as policy advocate’s campaigners. The contemporary environment in which non-governmental organizations operate is increasingly becoming uncertain and unpredictable, with an increased inability to meet budget allocation due to inadequate funds. This study examined strategic management practices and accessibility of non-governmental organizations’ to donor funding in Turkana County, Kenya. The study specifically examined the influence of strategy implementation and strategy evaluation and accessibility of non-governmental organizations’ donor funding in Turkana County, Kenya. The study was grounded on theories that included: Strategic fit theory and Resource dependency theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Respondents were selected using stratified random sampling. The study targeted the low-level, middle-level and senior managers of the 30 non-governmental organizations operating in Turkana County. The research relied on structured questionnaires in the data collection process. Inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were utilized in data analysis. The study also relied on frequencies, mean and standard deviation in presenting descriptive results. The inferential statistics used were correlation analysis, regression analysis and analysis of variances. The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant regression effect and indicative of accomplished prediction of accessibility of Non-governmental organizations to donor funding through the F-calculated value which showed that the model was significant. Strategy implementation explained 49.1%, and strategy evaluation 44.3% the variations in accessibility of Non-governmental organizations to donor funding in Turkana County, Kenya. The study recommended for further research work to be conducted to review the influence of other variables on accessibility of non-governmental organizations to donor funding in Turkana county and other counties in Kenya.

Keywords: Strategy implementation, Strategy Evaluation, Accessibility of NGO’s to Donor Funding
Youth Participation in Agripreneurship in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya
Authors: MASINDE ARON SIMIYU , MAKOKHA ELIZABETH NAMBUSWA
Published: October 2024

The study focused on youth participation in agripreneurship in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. The county being a bread basket of Kenya, the youth are a sign of progress in the agribusiness sector in the county and country at large. The study was guided by the following objectives; to assess effect of youth attitude on participation in Agripreneurship in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya, and to establish the effect of perceived benefits on youth participation in Agripreneurship in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. The research theories in the study included; the pull- push theory, and unity maximization theory. A descriptive research design was adopted by the study. A target population of 10,080 respondents from which, a sample of 385 respondents was used for data collection and eventual analysis. Research questionnaires were used in collecting data. Both inferential and descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis and presentation. This enabled the establishment of the strength and nature of relationship among the variables. The findings were expected to benefit county governments, national governments, youth, and various development agencies and to enrich the existing literature on youth programs and empowerment. The study employed the F-test in predicting the dependent variable which indicated that the model significantly predicted how the independent variables affected the dependent variable (youth participation in Agripreneurship in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya). The study further made recommendations on each of the variables for management consideration in future decision making processes.

Keywords: Youth Participation, Youth Attitude, Perceived Benefits