bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chemical Treatment on the Mechanical and Hygroscopic Properties of an Innovative Clay–Sand Composite Reinforced with Juncus acutus Fibers
Authors: Ouerghi Hana , Hassini Lamine , Benazzouk Amar , Elcafsi Mohamed Afif
Published: January 2025

The viability of using Juncus acutus fibers as reinforcement material for developing lightweight sustainable non-structural construction materials in compliance with the valorization of local by-products has been investigated in this work. This study aims to investigate the effect of the chemical treatment of Juncus acutus fibers on the mechanical and hygric properties of bio-sourced clay–sand–Juncus acutus fiber composite. This lightweight specimen has been produced from a mixture of 60% natural clay and 40% sand by mass, as a matrix, and reinforced with different amounts of Juncus fibers. The fibers were used as a partial replacement of sand in the mixture by volume at 0% (control specimen), 5%, 10%, and 20%. In order to enhance interfacial bonding between the fibers and the binder matrix, which seriously limits the strength development of the composite, the fibers have undergone an NaOH alkali treatment with different concentrations of 1 and 2 wt. %. Morphological and elementary chemical component evaluations based on SEM micrographs and EDX analyses revealed that the 1 wt. % NaOH alkali treatment exhibited the most beneficial effect due to the removal of impurity deposits without significant surface damage to the fibers. This finding was highlighted through the tensile tests carried out which showed the tensile stress value of 81.97 MPa compared to those of the treated fibers with 2% NaOH (74.45 MPa) and the untreated fibers (70.24 MPa). However, mechanical test results, carried out according to the European Standard EN 196-1, highlighted the beneficial effect of the fiber alkali treatment on both the compressive and flexural strengths, particularly for the fiber contents of 5% and 10%, which corresponds to a strengthening rate of 25% and 30%, respectively. The examination of the hygroscopic properties of the samples, including capillary water absorption, water diffusivity, and moisture buffering capacity under the dynamic conditions have indicated that the specimen containing treated fibers exhibited a better moisture regulating property than that obtained with untreated fibers. However, the specimens with treated fibers are classified as excellent hygric regulators based on their moisture buffer values (MBV > 2 g/(m2.%RH)), according to the NORDTEST classification. The results also indicated that the capillary water absorption and the apparent moisture diffusivity of composites were lowered due to high fiber-matrix interfacial bond after fiber treatment. Consequently, the composite with treated fibers is less diffusive compared to that with untreated fibers, and thus expected to be more durable in a humid environment.
Calculation Model for Multi-Roller Load Distribution of Planetary Threaded Roller Bearings Considering Machining Errors
Authors: Xie Zhijie , Li Mingyang , Hou Yicheng , Wang Zhiwei , Zhang Kailiang
Published: January 2025

Load-bearing capacity is critical in planetary threaded roller bearings (PTRBs). Machining errors cause uneven load distribution coefficients (LDC) among the rollers and the threaded teeth. The limited literature explores the influence of machining errors on PTRB’s load-bearing performance. A computational model that considers multiple machining errors when determining the load distribution among the rollers and the threaded teeth is proposed in this paper. The PTRB is discretized into a multi-roller spring system. Moreover, a set of nonlinear equations is established based on deformation coordination and force balance. The theoretical model is verified against the finite element simulation results and previous studies. The influence of machining errors on the LDC among the rollers and the threaded teeth is investigated. Results indicate that pitch errors do not significantly impact the LDC among the rollers. However, pitch errors directly affect the LDC among the threaded teeth. Errors in roller nominal diameter and the eccentricity of the inner and outer ring axes cause uneven LDC among the rollers; axis misalignment has a complex effect on the LDC. The proposed computational model can guide the parameter design, component processing, and assembly method of PTRB.
An Improved Hierarchical Optimization Framework for Walking Control of Underactuated Humanoid Robots Using Model Predictive Control and Whole Body Planner and Controller
Authors: Liu Yuanji , Mou Haiming , Jiang Hao , Li Qingdu , Zhang Jianwei
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the fundamental challenge of achieving stable and efficient walking in a lightweight, underactuated humanoid robot that lacks an ankle roll degree of freedom. To tackle this relevant critical problem, we present a hierarchical optimization framework that combines model predictive control (MPC) with a tailored whole body planner and controller (WBPC). At the high level, we employ a matrix exponential (ME)-based discretization of the MPC, ensuring numerical stability across a wide range of step sizes (5 to 100 ms), thereby reducing computational complexity without sacrificing control quality. At the low level, the WBPC is specifically designed to handle the unique kinematic constraints imposed by the missing ankle roll DOF, generating feasible joint trajectories for the swing foot phase. Meanwhile, a whole body control (WBC) strategy refines ground reaction forces and joint trajectories under full-body dynamics and contact wrench cone (CWC) constraints, guaranteeing physically realizable interactions with the environment. Finally, a position–velocity–torque (PVT) controller integrates feedforward torque commands with the desired trajectories for robust execution. Validated through walking experiments on the MuJoCo simulation platform using our custom-designed lightweight robot X02, this approach not only improves the numerical stability of MPC solutions, but also provides a scientifically sound and effective method for underactuated humanoid locomotion control.
Modification of Mechanical Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Using L-PBF for Anatomical Plates
Authors: Basak Soumyabrata , Lee Sang-Hun , Lee Jeong-Rim , Kim Dong-Hyun , Lee Jeong Hun , Byun Myunghwan , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: January 2025

In this research, as-built Ti–6Al–4V anatomical plates were successfully fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). This study thoroughly examines the microstructural evolution and its role in enhancing the mechanical properties of clavicle bone plates under sub-β-transus heat treatment for medical application. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the as-built specimens reveal a dense formation of a hard α’ hcp martensite structure, which decomposes during annealing at 650 °C and ultimately transforms into an α + β lamellar structure at 950 °C. Additionally, coarse grains resulting from recrystallization and reduced dislocation density were observed through electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) following heat treatment. Due to these microstructural evolutions, the desired mechanical properties of as-built Ti64 parts for surgical applications were achieved. Heat treatment of the anatomical plates at 950 °C demonstrated an excellent strength–ductility synergy under tensile deformation and the highest energy absorption capability under bending deformation, indicating sufficient durability for medical implantation applications.
Study of Corrosion Behavior of Mg–Gd-Based Soluble Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Huang Zhiquan , Zhu Yanchun , Qin Ling , Zou Jingfeng , Ma Lifeng
Published: January 2025

The corrosion behavior of soluble Mg–Gd-based alloys was systematically investigated by analyzing two key aspects: environmental factors and microstructural characteristics. Environmental influences were evaluated using immersion weight loss tests under varying Cl− concentrations and temperature conditions. From a microstructural perspective, the study examined the impact of different initial microstructural morphologies on corrosion performance. The second-phase compound Mg5Gd, formed in alloys prepared via melting, was subjected to both immersion weight loss and electrochemical testing. The results demonstrated that corrosion rates increased with higher Cl− concentrations and elevated temperatures, albeit in a nonlinear manner. Notably, significant effects on corrosion rates were observed in the Cl−concentration range of 1% to 3% and at temperatures between 75 °C and 100 °C. Additionally, the dissolution rate of the alloy increased markedly from 8.37 mg/cm2/h in the as-cast state to 43.85 mg/cm2/h following extrusion combined with perforation deformation. Microstructural analysis revealed that the extrusion process disrupted the coarse, reticulated second-phase structure observed in the as-cast state, thereby diminishing its corrosion-inhibiting properties. Electrochemical testing further confirmed that the Mg5Gd second phase, formed through the incorporation of the rare-earth element Gd, exhibited high electrochemical activity.
Preliminary Data on Silybum marianum Metabolites: Comprehensive Characterization, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial Activities, LC-MS/MS Profiling, and Predicted ADMET Analysis
Authors: Lekmine Sabrina , Benslama Ouided , Ola Mohammad Shamsul , Touzout Nabil , Moussa Hamza , Tahraoui Hichem , Hafsa Haroun , Zhang Jie , Amrane Abdeltif
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Silybum marianum extract, obtained via microwave-enhanced extraction, was evaluated for its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities to explore its therapeutic potential. Methods: The extraction was performed using microwave-enhanced techniques, and LC-MS/MS was employed to profile the metabolites in the extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified using spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, Phenanthroline, and FRAP assays. Enzyme inhibition assays were conducted to evaluate antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the disc diffusion method, and in silico ADMET and drug-likeness analyses were performed for key metabolites. Results: The extract contained 251.2 ± 1.2 mg GAE/g of total phenolics and 125.1 ± 1.6 mg QE/g of total flavonoids, with 33 metabolites identified, including phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids, and flavolignans. Strong antioxidant activity was observed, with IC50 values of 19.2 ± 2.3 μg/mL (DPPH), 7.2 ± 1.7 μg/mL (ABTS), 22.2 ± 1.2 μg/mL (CUPRAC), 35.2 ± 1.8 μg/mL (Phenanthroline), and 24.1 ± 1.2 μg/mL (FRAP). Antidiabetic effects were significant, with IC50 values of 18.1 ± 1.7 μg/mL (α-glucosidase) and 26.5 ± 1.3 μg/mL (α-amylase). Antimicrobial activity demonstrated inhibition zones of 8.9 ± 1.1 mm (Bacillus subtilis), 12.6 ± 1.6 mm (Escherichia coli), 8.2 ± 1.2 mm (Fusarium oxysporum), and 9.2 ± 1.1 mm (Aspergillus niger). In silico analyses showed high absorption, favorable metabolism and excretion, and minimal toxicity, with no hERG channel inhibition or hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: The comprehensive results highlight the significant antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of S. marianum extract, suggesting its potential for therapeutic and preventive applications.
Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia
Authors: Dević Gordana , Bulatović Sandra , Avdalović Jelena , Marić Nenad , Milić Jelena , Ilić Mila , Šolević Knudsen Tatjana
Published: January 2025

This study focused on the investigation of soil samples from the alluvial zone of the Sava River, located near the heating plant in New Belgrade, Serbia. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), a broad range of alkanes, including linear n-alkanes (C10 to C33) and isoprenoids, was analyzed in all samples. The obtained datasets were effectively made simpler by applying multivariate statistical analysis. Various geochemical indices (CPI, ACL, AI, TAR, etc.) and ratios (S/L, Paq, Pwax, etc.) were calculated and used to distinguish between biogenic and anthropogenic contributions. This approach added a higher level of precision to the source identification of hydrocarbons and provided a detailed geochemical characterization of the investigated soil. The results showed that the topsoil had a high content of TPH (average value, 90.65 mg kg−1), potentially related to an accidental oil spill that occurred repeatedly over extended periods. The uncommon n-alkane profiles reported for the investigated soil samples are probably the result of inputs related to anthropogenic sources, emphasizing that petroleum was the main source of the short-chain n-alkanes. The methodology developed in this study was proven to be efficient for the assessment of the environmental quality of the soil in an urban part of New Belgrade, but it can also be a useful tool for soil monitoring and for a pollution assessment in other (sub)urban areas.
Imaging the Ultrastructure of Isolated Peptidoglycan Sacculi from Rod-Shaped Helicobacter pylori J99 Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Amiteye Daniel , Sendker Jandirk , Herrmann Fabian
Published: January 2025

Peptidoglycan is the basic structural polymer of the bacterial cell wall and maintains the shape and integrity of single cells. Despite years of research conducted on peptidoglycan’s chemical composition, the microscopic elucidation of its nanoscopic architecture still needs to be addressed more thoroughly to advance knowledge on bacterial physiology. Apart from the model organism Escherichia coli, ultrastructural imaging data on the murein architecture of Gram-negative bacteria is mostly missing today. This study therefore intended to further our understanding of bacterial physiology by the isolation of peptidoglycan sacculi from the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori J99 and the subsequent nanoscopic imaging of the murein network by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). With the ability to purify peptidoglycan sacculi from H. pylori J99 for AFM by a modified peptidoglycan isolation protocol, nanoscopic imaging of the murein network by intermittent-contact AFM in air and under liquid yielded ultrastructural insights into the H. pylori J99 cell wall architecture. High-resolution data acquisition on isolated peptidoglycan from H. pylori J99 by AFM under liquid was performed and revealed a molecular network similar to available data from E. coli. Subsequent enzymatic digestion of the isolated H. pylori J99 sacculi and analysis of the resulting fragments by +ESI-LCMS confirmed the presence of N-acetylglucosamine as an additional marker for successful peptidoglycan isolation. By comparison of the nanoscopic sacculus dimensions of H. pylori J99 to E. coli NU14, this study also identified specific differences in the sacculus morphology of both Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.
Heteroaryl-Fused Triazapentalenes: Synthesis and Aggregation-Induced Emission
Authors: Wang Yingchun , Pham Thanh Chung , Huang Jianjun , Wu Junfeng , Dehaen Wim
Published: January 2025

A pyridine-fused triazapentalene shows weak fluorescence in solution and is readily accessible via nitrene-mediated cyclization. In this study, a modified Cadogan reaction was used to synthesize HetATAP 1. Palladium-catalyzed reactions have been used as post-functionalization methods. Interestingly, modified Suzuki cross-couplings with various boronic acids resulted in poor to moderate yields of HetATAPs 2–5 which were arylated at the azole moiety. Direct CH arylation of HetATAP 1 gave the products with the same regiochemistry in satisfactory yields. The structures of HetATAPs 2–5 were confirmed using NMR analysis. In addition, the photophysical properties of HetATAPs 1–5 were studied under various conditions. Particularly, the emission of HetATAPs 2–5 is enhanced in the solid and aggregate state.
Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis): Potential Bioactivity, Extraction Methods, and Microencapsulation Techniques
Authors: Redjeki Sarah Gustia , Hulwana Alfa Fildzah , Aulia Rizqa Nurul , Maya Ira , Chaerunisaa Anis Yohana , Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
Published: January 2025

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.), an oilseed native to the Peruvian rainforest, has garnered attention for its valuable components and its potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Sacha inchi oil is rich in fatty acids, particularly omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9, along with antioxidants such as tocopherols, which collectively contribute to cardiovascular health, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective effects. The susceptibility of the oil to oxidation poses significant challenges for both storage and processing, making it essential to employ microencapsulation technologies to preserve its integrity and extend shelf life. This paper aims to provide a review of the therapeutic potential, extraction methods, and microencapsulation strategies for enhancing the oil’s stability and bioavailability. Optimizing both extraction processes and encapsulation strategies would enhance the oil’s stability and bioavailability, enabling it to be more effectively utilized in functional foods and therapeutic applications across the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical fields.
Galleria mellonella (Greater Wax Moth) as a Reliable Animal Model to Study the Efficacy of Nanomaterials in Fighting Pathogens
Authors: Villani Stefania , Calcagnile Matteo , Demitri Christian , Alifano Pietro
Published: January 2025

The spread of multidrug-resistant microbes has made it necessary and urgent to develop new strategies to deal with the infections they cause. Some of these are based on nanotechnology, which has revolutionized many fields in medicine. Evaluating the safety and efficacy of these new antimicrobial strategies requires testing in animal models before being tested in clinical trials. In this context, Galleria mellonella could represent a valid alternative to traditional mammalian and non-mammalian animal models, due to its low cost, ease of handling, and valuable biological properties to investigate host–pathogen interactions. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated overview of the literature concerning the use of G. mellonella larvae as an animal model to evaluate safety and efficacy of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, particularly, of those that are used or are under investigation to combat microbial pathogens.
The Role of Non-Destructive Testing of Composite Materials for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Luiz Lara , Hadded Maha , Mimouni Saliha , Schaan Renata Brandelli
Published: January 2025

This review examines the essential application of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques in assessing the integrity and damage of composite materials used in aerospace engineering, focusing on polymer matrix composites (PMCs), metal matrix composites (MMCs), and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). As these materials increasingly replace traditional metallic and alloy components due to their advantageous properties, such as light weight, high strength, and corrosion resistance, ensuring their structural integrity becomes paramount. Here, various NDT techniques were described in detail, including ultrasonic, radiographic, and acoustic emission, among others, highlighting their significance in identifying and evaluating damages that are often invisible, yet critical, to parts safety. It stresses the need for innovation in NDT technologies to keep pace with the evolving complexity of composite materials and their applications. The review underscores the ongoing challenges and developments in NDT, advocating for enhanced techniques that provide accurate, reliable, and timely assessments to ensure the safety and durability of aerospace components. This comprehensive analysis not only illustrates current capabilities but also directs future research pathways for improving NDT methodologies in aerospace material engineering.
Targeting Asparagine Metabolism in Solid Tumors
Authors: Hanada Keita , Kawada Kenji , Obama Kazutaka
Published: January 2025

Reprogramming of energy metabolism to support cellular growth is a “hallmark” of cancer, allowing cancer cells to balance the catabolic demands with the anabolic needs of producing the nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids necessary for tumor growth. Metabolic alterations, or “addiction”, are promising therapeutic targets and the focus of many drug discovery programs. Asparagine metabolism has gained much attention in recent years as a novel target for cancer therapy. Asparagine is widely used in the production of other nutrients and plays an important role in cancer development. Nutritional inhibition therapy targeting asparagine has been used as an anticancer strategy and has shown success in the treatment of leukemia. However, in solid tumors, asparagine restriction alone does not provide ideal therapeutic efficacy. Tumor cells initiate reprogramming processes in response to asparagine deprivation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of asparagine metabolism in cancers. We highlight the physiological role of asparagine and current advances in improving survival and overcoming therapeutic resistance.
Specific Immune Responses and Oncolytic Effects Induced by EBV LMP2A-Armed Modified Ankara-Vaccinia Virus Vectored Vaccines in Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Sun Liying , Liu Chao , Peng Junping
Published: January 2025

Background: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is intricately linked to a range of human malignancies, with EBV latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) emerging as a potential target antigen for immunotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is universally used in vector vaccine research because of its excellent safety profile and highly efficient recombinant gene expression. Here, we constructed a novel MVA-LMP2A recombinant virus and investigated its specific immune response induction and oncolytic effect. Results: An immunization dose of 2 × 107 PFU induced the highest specific immune response, which was no longer increased by boost injections after four doses. Three weeks post-final immunization, the specific immune response reached its peak. The MVA-LMP2A vaccine-induced LMP2A-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which exhibited substantial efficacy against target cells and effectively inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions: Thus, the MVA-LMP2A recombinant virus effectively induces strong LMP2A-specific cellular and humoral immune responses and anti-tumor activity. This work provides a promising therapeutic strategy for developing NPC candidate vaccines, as well as a reference for the treatment of EBV LMP2-associated malignancies.
Plant Resin Delivery by Nanovectors as an Emerging Approach to Boost Solubility, Permeability and Bioavailability
Authors: Truzzi Eleonora , Vanti Giulia , Grifoni Lucia , Maretti Eleonora , Leo Eliana , Bilia Anna Rita
Published: January 2025

Resins are complex mixtures of natural constituents containing non-volatile and volatile terpenes, in combination with gums and polyphenols, used since ancient times for their medicinal properties. Current research has evidenced their therapeutic value with a plethora of activities. The main limits of resins and their constituents for their clinical use are low water solubility, poor stability and bioavailability. Therefore, nanovectors including vesicles, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, nanoemulsions, microemulsions and mesoporic nanoparticles have been investigated to optimize the biopharmaceutical properties after topical or oral administration of resins or fractions from them, including essential oils or single constituents. In this review, we report the results evidencing that developed nanovectors were able to entrap high amounts of resins or their components, modify the release properties, enhance their cellular uptake and penetration across biological barriers and optimize the biopharmaceutical properties. In addition, the resins or their fractions as enhancer penetration molecules can optimize the architecture and properties of nanovectors in their capacity to circumvent biological barriers. Although no clinical studies have been reported until now, nanovectors represent a huge platform for upgrading therapies and emerging new treatments of resins such as wound healing therapy.
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Psoriasis: From Clinical Practice to Basic Research
Authors: Gao Yujie , Xu Tianqi , Wang Yu , Hu Yanjinhui , Yin Shaoping , Qin Zhiguo , Yu Hua
Published: January 2025

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, represents a significant clinical challenge due to its complex pathogenesis and the limitations of existing therapeutic strategies. Current psoriasis diagnoses are primarily clinician-dependent, with instrumental diagnostics serving as adjuncts. Ongoing research is progressively deciphering its molecular underpinnings; the future of psoriasis diagnostics may involve genetic and immunological profiling to pinpoint biomarkers, enabling more accurate and timely interventions. The administration of psoriasis medications, whether oral, injectable, or topical, is associated with a range of side effects and compliance issues. Topical medications, despite their advantages in patient compliance and reduced systemic side effects, are hindered by the altered skin barrier in psoriasis, which impedes effective drug penetration and retention. In recent years, the development of novel transdermal drug delivery systems represents a promising frontier in psoriasis management. Nanotechnology-, microneedle- and dressing-based systems have demonstrated the potential for improved skin penetration, enhanced bioavailability, or extended retention time. Here, we will focus on the latest insights into the etiology, diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic approaches for psoriasis, with a particular emphasis on the evolution and challenges of novel transdermal drug delivery systems.
Emerging Pharmacological Interventions for Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy, Safety, and Therapeutic Advances
Authors: Miguel Camila Botelho , Andrade Ranielly de Souza , Mazurek Laise , Martins-de-Abreu Melissa Carvalho , Miguel-Neto Jamil , Barbosa Aurélio de Melo , Silva Glicélia Pereira , Góes-Neto Aristóteles , Soares Siomar de Castro , Lazo-Chica Javier Emilio , Rodrigues Wellington Francisco
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a progressive vascular condition characterized by venous hypertension and chronic inflammation, leading to significant clinical and socioeconomic impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of emerging pharmacological interventions for CVI, focusing on clinical outcomes such as pain, edema, cutaneous blood flow, and quality of life. Methods: Eligible interventions comprised new vasoprotective drugs, such as hydroxyethylrutoside, Pycnogenol, aminaphthone, coumarin + troxerutin, and Venoruton, compared to the standard therapy of diosmin and hesperidin. Results: Hydroxyethylrutoside and Pycnogenol showed significant benefits in pain reduction and resting flux improvement, with mean differences of 38 (95% CI: 10.56–65.44) and 25.30 (95% CI: 18.73–31.87), respectively. Improvements in edema and quality of life were less consistent. Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 100%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Hydroxyethylrutoside and Pycnogenol emerge as promising alternatives for managing CVI. However, limitations such as high heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and methodological inconsistencies highlight the need for more robust and standardized clinical trials. This study underscores the importance of personalized and cost-effective strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Comparative Analysis of Five Moroccan Thyme Species: Insights into Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, Anti-Enzymatic Properties, and Insecticidal Effects
Authors: Ouknin Mohamed , Alahyane Hassan , Ait Aabd Naima , Elgadi Sara , Lghazi Youssef , Majidi Lhou
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oils (EOs) from five Moroccan thyme species: Thymus broussonetii subsp. broussonetii, T. maroccanus, T. willdenowii, T. zygis subsp. gracilis, and T. satureioides, collected from various geographical regions. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified thymol, p-cymene, borneol, γ-terpinene, carvacrol, α-pinene, and camphene as major constituents, with variations across species. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) revealed important levels of calcium (450.6–712.2 mg/kg), potassium (255.4–420.7 mg/kg), magnesium (97.3–150.7 mg/kg), and iron (1.95–15.1 mg/kg). The EOs demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii revealed the highest efficacy with T. willdenowii EO (LC50 = 6.2 µL/mL), followed by T. maroccanus and T. zygis subsp. gracilis. Additionally, the EOs exhibited potent enzyme inhibitory effects at 1 mg/mL on acetylcholinesterase (83.1–96.4%), tyrosinase (77.5–89.6%), and α-glucosidase (79.4–89.5%). These findings suggest that thyme EOs, particularly from T. willdenowii, T. zygis, and T. maroccanus, are promising candidates for integrated pest management and natural enzyme inhibitors. Their potential applications in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields underscore the need for further research to optimize their use under specific conditions and dosages.
Overexpression of AtruLEA1 from Acer truncatum Bunge Enhanced Arabidopsis Drought and Salt Tolerance by Improving ROS-Scavenging Capability
Authors: Li Shaofeng , Meng Huijing , Yang Yanfei , Zhao Jinna , Xia Yongxiu , Wang Shaoli , Wang Fei , Zheng Guangshun , Li Jianbo
Published: January 2025

Late embryonic developmental abundant (LEA) genes play a crucial role in the response to abiotic stress and are important target genes for research on plant stress tolerance mechanisms. Acer truncatum Bunge is a promising candidate tree species for investigating the tolerance mechanism of woody plants against abiotic stress. In our previous study, AtruLEA1 was identified as being associated with seed drought tolerance. In this study, LEA1 was cloned from A. truncatum Bunge and functionally characterized. AtruLEA1 encodes an LEA protein and is located in the nucleus. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed a recent affinity of the AtruLEA1 protein to AT3G15760.1. Overexpression of AtruLEA1 resulted in enhanced tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought and salt stress and heightened the ABA sensitivity. Compared to wild-type (WT) plants, plants with overexpressed AtruLEA1 exhibited increased activities of antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. Meanwhile, the ROS level of transgenic Arabidopsis was significantly less than that of the WT. Additionally, the stoma density and stoma openness of AtruLEA1 Arabidopsis were higher compared to those in the WT Arabidopsis under salt and drought stress conditions, which ensures that the biomass and relative water content of transgenic Arabidopsis are significantly better than those of the WT. These results indicated that AtruLEA1 was involved in salt and drought stress tolerances by maintaining ROS homeostasis, and its expression was positively regulated by abiotic stress. These results indicate a positive role of AtruLEA1 in drought and salt stress and provide theoretical evidence in the direction of cultivating resistant plants.
Old Plants for New Food Products? The Diachronic Human Ecology of Wild Herbs in the Western Alps
Authors: Alrhmoun Mousaab , Romano Aurora , Sulaiman Naji , Pieroni Andrea
Published: January 2025

This ethnobotanical study examines the traditional knowledge and usage patterns of wild plants in the western Alps, specifically within the Ubaye and Bellino Valleys, through a comparative analysis of data collected from 1983 (published in 1990) to 2024. Our study aims to assess the change in plant usage, species diversity, and the changing roles of plants in local traditions in the western Alpine mountain ecosystems. While the 1983 survey documented medicinal uses centered around pastoralist practices, the 2024 data highlight a notable increase in the use of synanthropic plants, now utilized both medicinally and as food. Several species such as Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, and Urtica dioica have shown resilience and continuity in local cultural practices, maintaining medicinal, culinary, and ritual significance across the four decades. The 1983 survey documented the greatest variety of species (101), a number that decreased in subsequent studies. The 2009 survey identified 36 species not previously recorded in 1983, and the 2024 field study noted an additional 20 species. The study highlights the economic potential of several wild species in these alpine areas, such as Achillea, Artemisia, Verbascum, Veronica, Viola, Polygonum, Bunium, and Sorbus spp., which could be utilized for creating new herbal teas, artisanal beers, liqueurs, ice creams, sweets, and seasoned food products. Expanding the uses of these plants could not only preserve ethnobotanical knowledge but also stimulate local economies and support sustainable development in alpine communities. The documented temporal shifts in plant usage reflect broader cultural, ecological, and socio-economic changes, underscoring the importance of preserving biodiversity and traditional knowledge amidst ongoing environmental and societal shifts. This study underlines the need to conserve ethnobotanical heritage while adapting to the evolving landscape of the region. Future research could focus on exploring the role of these species in broader sustainability initiatives, including conservation strategies, ecosystem services, and community-based tourism while continuing to document the cultural dynamics influencing plant usage.
A High-Quality Phased Genome Assembly of Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica ssp. dioica)
Authors: Hirabayashi Kaede , Dumigan Christopher R. , Kučka Matúš , Percy Diana M. , Guerriero Gea , Cronk Quentin , Deyholos Michael K. , Todesco Marco
Published: January 2025

Stinging nettles (Urtica dioica) have a long history of association with human civilization, having been used as a source of textile fibers, food and medicine. Here, we present a chromosome-level, phased genome assembly for a diploid female clone of Urtica dioica from Romania. Using a combination of PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore, and Illumina sequencing, as well as Hi-C long-range interaction data (using a novel Hi-C protocol presented here), we assembled two haplotypes of 574.9 Mbp (contig N50 = 10.9 Mbp, scaffold N50 = 44.0 Mbp) and 521.2 Mbp (contig N50 = 13.5 Mbp, scaffold N50 = 48.0 Mbp), with assembly BUSCO scores of 92.6% and 92.2%. We annotated 20,333 and 20,140 genes for each haplotype, covering over 90% of the complete BUSCO genes and including two copies of a gene putatively encoding the neurotoxic peptide urthionin, which could contribute to nettle’s characteristic sting. Despite its relatively small size, the nettle genome displays very high levels of repetitiveness, with transposable elements comprising more than 60% of the genome, as well as considerable structural variation. This genome assembly represents an important resource for the nettle community and will enable the investigation of the genetic basis of the many interesting characteristics of this species.
Effects of Spiralling Trajectories on White Dwarf Spectra: Remarks on Different Calculations
Authors: Alexiou Spiros
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to address conflicting results regarding a simple criterion that has been proposed as decisive in determining whether accounting for spiralling electron trajectories increases or decreases the widths of hydrogen lines in a parameter range relevant to the spectral lines of white dwarfs. We analyse the claims in detail and also provide explicit calculations. It is shown that the recent attempts to justify a simple theory are erroneous and miss important physics.
Enhancing Mechanical and Antibacterial Performance of Tire Waste/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blends Using Modified Zinc Oxide–Silica
Authors: Kingkohyao Napasorn , Boonsiri Tanit , Johns Jobish , Nip Raymond Lee , Nakaramontri Yeampon
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the synergistic effects of incorporating modified zinc oxide–silica (ZnO-SiO2) into tire waste (TW) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blends, with a focus on crosslinking dynamics, mechanical reinforcement, and antibacterial activity. The addition of ZnO-SiO2 significantly enhanced crosslink density, as evidenced by increased torque and accelerated cure rates. An optimal concentration of 10 phr was found to yield the highest performance. This optimal balance between chemical activation and mechanical reinforcement resulted in exceptional tensile properties, including notable improvements in Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and strain-induced crystallization (SIC). These enhancements were attributed to the strong interactions between ENR molecular chains and SiO2 surfaces. However, excessive ZnO-SiO2 concentrations caused filler agglomeration, which reduced both mechanical and antibacterial performances. An antibacterial analysis revealed a remarkable 99.9% bacterial reduction at 10 phr ZnO-SiO2, attributed to the Zn2+ ion release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, with sustained activity even after thermal aging. This durability underscores the composites’ potential for long-term applications. The findings establish ZnO-SiO2 as a dual-functional filler that optimizes crosslinking, enhances mechanical properties, and provides durable antibacterial efficiency. These results highlight the potential of TW/ENR blends while offering critical insights into mitigating filler agglomeration to improve overall material performance.
Strength Analysis and Reinforcement of 120 m3 Liquid Helium Storage Tank for Transportation Case
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Li Chao , Liu Fa’an , Xu Jing , Liu Qinghua , Ma Shuhui , Li Changjun , Jia Wenlong , Li Longjiang
Published: January 2025

To ensure the safe transportation of a 120 m3 liquid hel ium storage tank, based on the analysis of its structure, material, and load characteristics, a finite element model for stress and strength analysis is established and solved by using the coupled thermo-mechanical analysis method for the accelerating and cornering cases experienced by the tank during transportation. The stress and deformation distributions in different transportation cases are analyzed in comparison to the finite element model, and the strength check is carried out for the tank. The study shows that under various working cases, the extreme value of stress of some parts is 267.5 MPa; this does not satisfy the strength requirement, and therefore requires structural reinforcement. The analysis of the reinforcing effect of the reinforcement structure shows that the stress extremes of the dangerous parts of the tanks after reinforcement decreased by 63.7% and 34.7%; the structural strength meets the standard requirements, and the new reinforcement structure only leads to an increase of 6% in the liquid nitrogen consumption of the cold screen, which is a better reinforcing effect.
A Methodological Framework for Business Decisions with Explainable AI and the Analytic Hierarchical Process
Authors: Marín Díaz Gabriel , Gómez Medina Raquel , Aijón Jiménez José
Published: January 2025

In today’s data-driven business landscape, effective and transparent decision making becomes relevant to maintain a competitive advantage over the competition, especially in customer service in B2B environments. This study presents a methodological framework that integrates Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), C-means clustering, and the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) to improve strategic decision making in business environments. The framework addresses the need to obtain interpretable information from predictions based on machine learning processes and the prioritization of key factors for decision making. C-means clustering enables flexible customer segmentation based on interaction patterns, while XAI provides transparency into model outputs, allowing support teams to understand the factors influencing each recommendation. The AHP is then applied to prioritize criteria within each customer segment, aligning support actions with organizational goals. Tested with real customer interaction data, this integrated approach proved effective in accurately segmenting customers, predicting support needs, and optimizing resource allocation. The combined use of XAI and the AHP ensures that business decisions are data-driven, interpretable, and aligned with the company’s strategic objectives, making this framework relevant for companies seeking to improve their customer service in complex B2B contexts. Future research will explore the application of the proposed model in different business processes.
Study on the Influence of the Type of Groove on the Inner Surface of the Casing on the Gas Sealing Performance of Sn58Bi Alloy Plugs
Authors: Zha Chunqing , Cui Tengfei , Wang Wei , Liu Gonghui
Published: January 2025

Aiming at the problem of the cement hydration shrinkage phenomenon, which occurs when cement seals downhole casing in the process of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology, this paper proposes a method of sealing the casing by combining threaded casing with bismuth–tin alloy. The effect of different types of grooves (square-, trapezoidal-, and screw-threaded grooves) set on the inner surface of the casing on the gas sealing performance of the alloy plug was analyzed. And the effect of the overlay pressure on the gas sealing performance of the alloy plug during the molding process was analyzed. The experimental results show that under 0.2 MPa overlay pressure, the gas breakthrough pressure values of alloy plugs in square-threaded, screw-threaded, trapezoidal-threaded, and smooth hole casings are 5, 3.7, 2.9, and 1 MPa, respectively. When the pitch in the screw-threaded casing is half of the original, the gas breakthrough pressure value of the alloy plugs in the casing is 4.7 MPa. And after the application of 0.2 MPa overlay pressure, the gas sealing performance of the alloy plugs in the screw-threaded, trapezoidal-threaded, and light hole casings was improved by 220%, 230%, and 100%, respectively. The experimental results show that when the grooves are set on the inner surface of the casing, the gas flow path per unit length of the alloy plug-casing interface is prolonged, and the grooves increase the degree of zigzagging on the inner surface of the casing. The gas sealing performance of the alloy plugs is greatly enhanced. This research can provide theoretical support for the application of downhole Carbon Storage using Sn58Bi in casing.
A Multigranularity Parallel Pyramidal Transformer Model for Ethylene Production Prediction and Energy Efficiency Optimization
Authors: Lu Biying , Bai Yingliang , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2025

Ethylene production prediction is crucial for improving energy efficiency and optimizing processes in the petrochemical industry. However, the production process data of ethylene are highly complex, and the interaction relationships between variables vary at different time granularities. Ignoring these feature relationships can affect the accuracy of ethylene prediction. Traditional prediction methods model data at a single time granularity only and fail to effectively extract multigranularity features. Therefore, to address the complex multigranularity time-varying characteristics of ethylene production, a multigranularity parallel pyramidal Transformer (MPPT) model is proposed to capture and integrate features from ethylene production data at multiple time granularities, enabling accurate production prediction and energy efficiency optimization. The MPPT model integrates three key modules: multiscale decomposition (MSD), parallel pyramid Transformer (PPT), and multigranularity fusion (MF). The MSD converts industrial process data into multigranularity formats, while the PPT extracts both local and global interaction features across different time granularities using a parallel pyramid structure. Finally, the MF module fuses these features to establish a mapping for accurate prediction. We conducted comparative prediction experiments on an ethylene industrial production dataset, where the MPPT model achieved the best performance among all compared prediction models, with an MAE and RMSE of 0.006 and 0.1755, respectively. Furthermore, we leveraged the accuracy of MPPT in ethylene production prediction to optimize production inputs, achieving energy efficiency optimization in ethylene production.
Comparisons and Analyses of Thermospheric Mass Densities Derived from Global Navigation Satellite System–Precise Orbit Determination and an Ionization Gauge–Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector Onboard a Spherical Satellite at 520 km Altitude
Authors: Jin Yujiao , Zhang Xianguo , He Maosheng , Li Yongping , Meng Xiangguang , Ai Jiangzhao , Wang Bowen , Wang Xinyue , Sun Yueqiang
Published: January 2025

Thermospheric mass densities are investigated to explore their responses to solar irradiance and geomagnetic activity during the period from 31 October to 7 November 2021. Utilizing data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) payload and an ionization gauge mounted on the Orbital Neutral Atmospheric Detector (OAD) payload onboard the QQ-Satellite, thermospheric mass densities are derived through two independent means: precise orbit determination (POD) and pressure measurements. For the first time, observations of these two techniques are compared and analyzed in this study to demonstrate similarities and differences. Both techniques exhibit similar spatial–temporal variations, with clear dependences on local solar time (LT). However, the hemispheric asymmetry is almost absent in simulations from the NRLMSISE-00 and DTM94 models compared with observations. At high latitudes, density enhancements of observations and simulations are shown, characterized by periodic bulge structures. In contrast, only the OAD-derived densities exhibit wave-like disturbances that propagate from two poles to lower latitudes during geomagnetic storm periods, suggesting a connection to traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs). Over the long term, thermospheric mass densities derived from the two means of POD and the OAD show good agreements, yet prominent discrepancies emerge during specific periods and under different space-weather conditions. We propose possible interpretations as well as suggestions for utilizing these two means. Significantly, neutral winds should be considered in both methods, particularly at high latitudes and under storm conditions.