bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatigue in patients with metastatic breast cancer undergoing single-agent taxane-based chemotherapy: a real-world data global network
Authors: Fabi Alessandra , Gavioli Elizabeth M. , Wakade Renuka , Spera Maria C. , Miracle Santiago , Valveny Neus , Butler Elizabeth , DePizzol Maria , Ruffini Pier Adelchi , Allegretti Marcello
Published: July 2024

Background:

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) occurs in nearly all patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Objectives:

This real-world analysis aimed to describe the prevalence and importance of fatigue in patients with MBC within 3 months of treatment with single-agent taxane-based chemotherapy during the timeframe of 2020–2022 in the United States and Europe. It was also conducted to assess whether there was a difference in relapsed patients compared to patients diagnosed de novo.

Design:

Electronic health records were analyzed from approximately 150 million patients to identify patients with MBC who underwent taxane treatment.

Results:

In 2021, 50,490 patients had MBC, of whom 16,170 were diagnosed de novo and 34,330 experienced relapse. The proportion of patients undergoing taxane-based chemotherapy was 7.5% ( n = 1220) and 13.4% ( n = 4590), respectively, and the prevalence of any fatigue and CRF was similar between the groups (24.6% versus 25.7% and 6.6% versus 5.4%, respectively).

Conclusion:

At least one in four patients with MBC undergoing taxane-based treatment will experience fatigue. This highlights the importance of validating screening tools to identify CRF, which is necessary to advance clinical trials aimed at investigating treatment strategies to improve patient-centered outcomes for fatigue.
A narrative review on rare types of pancreatic cancer: should they be treated as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas?
Authors: de Jesus Victor Hugo Fonseca , Donadio Mauro Daniel Spina , de Brito Ângelo Borsarelli Carvalho , Gentilli Arthur Conelian
Published: July 2024

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies in humans and it is expected to play a bigger part in cancer burden in the years to come. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents 85% of all primary pancreatic malignancies. Recently, much attention has been given to PDAC, with significant advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underpinning disease initiation and progression, along with noticeable improvements in overall survival in both localized and metastatic settings. However, given their rarity, rare histological subtypes of pancreatic cancer have been underappreciated and are frequently treated as PDAC, even though they might present non-overlapping molecular alterations and clinical behavior. While some of these rare histological subtypes are true variants of PDAC that should be treated likewise, others represent separate clinicopathological entities, warranting a different therapeutic approach. In this review, we highlight clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of rare histological types of pancreatic cancer, along with the currently available data to guide treatment decisions.
Minodronate for severe multiple vertebral fractures due to pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ota Kuniaki , Asanuma Yuta , Hirasawa Hideyuki , Ohta Hiroaki , Takahashi Toshifumi
Published: July 2024

Pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare type of premenopausal osteoporosis, typically occurring during the third trimester of pregnancy and the early postpartum lactation period. This report presents a case involving severe multiple vertebral fractures due to PLO with low bone mineral density (BMD) and heightened bone turnover. A 39-year-old primiparous Japanese woman reported low back pain (LBP) starting at 28 weeks of pregnancy. The pain temporarily improved after delivery, although the LBP recurred and worsened 2 months into breastfeeding. Thereafter, the patient visited the Obstetrics and Orthopedic departments. Plain radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine showed loss of vertebral body height at the T4–12 and L1–3,5 vertebrae, leading to a diagnosis of 13 fractured vertebrae. BMD and serum bone turnover markers revealed low bone density and heightened bone turnover. In the absence of any identified alternative cause of secondary osteoporosis, the diagnosis was severe PLO with 13 vertebral fractures related to pregnancy and lactation. After treatment with bisphosphonates and an active vitamin D analog, the patient exhibited an increased BMD and normalization of bone turnover and resumed regular daily activities. Although the optimal PLO treatment strategy remains uncertain, bisphosphonates are an option; however, bisphosphonates can potentially affect the fetus through placental transfer. Therefore, careful consideration is required for patients planning pregnancy. Despite bisphosphonates’ widespread use and cost-effectiveness, selecting PLO medications involves multiple factors, necessitating further research.
Three-dimensional-printing-guided preoperative planning of upper and lower extremity pediatric orthopedic surgeries: A systematic review of surgical outcomes
Authors: Mounsef Peter Joseph , Aita Rachad , Skaik Khaled , Addab Sofia , Hamdy Reggie Charles
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Three-dimensional printing has evolved into a cost-effective and accessible tool. In orthopedic surgery, creating patient-specific anatomical models and instrumentation improves visualization and surgical accuracy. In pediatric orthopedics, three-dimensional printing reduces operating time, radiation exposure, and blood loss by enhancing surgical efficacy. This review compares outcomes of three-dimensional printing–assisted surgeries with conventional surgeries for upper and lower extremity pediatric surgeries.

Methods:

A complete search of medical literature up to August 2023, using Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Broad search terms included “pediatrics,” “orthopedic,” and “3D-printing.” Eligible studies were assessed for intraoperative time, blood loss, and fluoroscopy exposure.

Results:

Out of 3299 initially identified articles, 14 articles met inclusion criteria. These studies included 409 pediatric patients, with ages averaging 9.51 years. The majority were retrospective studies (nine), with four prospective and one experimental study. Studies primarily utilized three-dimensional printing for navigation templates and implants. Results showed significant reductions in operative time, blood loss, and radiation exposure with three-dimensional printing. Complication occurrences were generally lower in three-dimensional printing surgeries, but there was no statistical significance.

Conclusions:

Three-dimensional printing is an emerging technology in the field of orthopedics, and it is primarily used for preoperative planning. For pediatric upper and lower extremity surgeries, three-dimensional printing leads to decreased operating room time, decreased intraoperative blood loss, and reduced radiation exposure. Other uses for three-dimensional printing include education, patient communication, the creation of patient-specific instrumentation and implants.

Level of evidence:

Level III
Do Narcissists Think They Make a Better Impression Than They Really Do? Re-Evaluating Enhancement as a Dominant Feature of Narcissism
Authors: Pringle Victoria , Tissera Hasagani , Elsaadawy Norhan , Carlson Erika , Human Lauren
Published: July 2024

Imagining a narcissist likely calls to mind someone who thinks that they are well-liked and admired—perhaps unrealistically so. But are narcissists’ beliefs about how others see them systematically too positive? Across four samples (total N = 1,537) that included different contexts (group vs. dyadic) and levels of acquaintanceship (new acquaintances vs. close friends), we used condition-based regression analysis to test whether narcissism is associated with overly positive metaperceptions. Results suggested that although people higher in narcissistic admiration expected positive evaluations across several attributes, their beliefs about their reputation were not overly positive, a pattern that held when controlling for self-perceptions at low levels of acquaintanceship. Conversely, people higher in narcissistic rivalry assumed others saw them negatively. These findings add to a growing literature suggesting that grandiose narcissism is not defined by enhancement per se but is related to positive self-views, including positive metaperceptions.
Perianeurysmal vasogenic oedema (PAVO): A single centre 10-year retrospective review
Authors: Verma Yatharth , Pringle Catherine , Emsley Hedley , Sonwalkar Hemant , Alalade Andrew F , Roberts Gareth A
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Perianeurysmal Vasogenic Oedema (PAVO) is a rare but important complication of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Many potential risk factors have been identified including age, aneurysm size, aneurysm location, immunological profile, type of coil used, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. PAVO can cause persistent post-procedural symptoms, subsequently increasing post-embolization morbidity.

Methods

A 10-year retrospective review was conducted between 2011 and 2021 at Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK.

Results

We identified 8 patients that fit our inclusion criteria. This included 6 (75%) females and 2 (25%) males. The mean age was 64. All patients had anterior circulation aneurysms with the middle cerebral artery (MCA) being the most common site. The mean aneurysm size was 12 mm. Our patients were managed with a range of endovascular techniques. One patient had pre-treatment PAVO while 7 patients had post-embolization PAVO. Five patients were symptomatic, and 3 cases were asymptomatic with only radiological evidence of PAVO. Five patients were managed with varying courses of dexamethasone. PAVO resolution was achieved in 4 cases. The oedema significantly improved in 3 cases, but transiently progressed in 1 case.

Conclusions

PAVO is a rare but important complication of endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms. We have shown that patients can be effectively managed with steroids with resultant oedema regression and symptomatic improvement. Many risk factors have been associated with PAVO, but further research is needed to better understand their role in PAVO development and help develop other therapeutic options.
Immunomodulation in diabetic wounds healing: The intersection of macrophage reprogramming and immunotherapeutic hydrogels
Authors: Sun Dan , Chang Qiang , Lu Feng
Published: July 2024

Diabetic wound healing presents a significant clinical challenge due to the interplay of systemic metabolic disturbances and local inflammation, which hinder the healing process. Macrophages undergo a phenotypic shift from M1 to M2 during wound healing, a transition pivotal for effective tissue repair. However, in diabetic wounds, the microenvironment disrupts this phenotypic polarization, perpetuating inflammation, and impeding healing. Reprograming macrophages to restore their M2 phenotype offers a potential avenue for modulating the wound immune microenvironment and promoting healing. This review elucidates the mechanisms underlying impaired macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype in diabetic wounds and discusses novel strategies, including epigenetic and metabolic interventions, to promote macrophage conversion to M2. Hydrogels, with their hydrated 3D cross-linked structure, closely resemble the physiological extracellular matrix and offer advantageous properties such as biocompatibility, tunability, and versatility. These characteristics make hydrogels promising candidates for developing immunomodulatory materials aimed at addressing diabetic wounds. Understanding the role of hydrogels in immunotherapy, particularly in the context of macrophage reprograming, is essential for the development of advanced wound care solutions. This review also highlights recent advancements in immunotherapeutic hydrogels as a step toward precise and effective treatments for diabetic wounds.
Assessment of radiation exposure among pediatric patients referred for CT imaging at three government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaw Ambaye Fisehaw , Dellie Seife Teferi , Legesse Tesfaye Kebede , Gebremedhin Yocabel Gorfu , Seid Abdhjelil Nijamu
Published: July 2024

Background:

Due to the high sensitivity of their growing tissues to ionizing radiation, pediatric patients are at a greater risk of cancer development.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the level of radiation exposure experienced by pediatric patients undergoing a common CT examination at the three government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Materials and methods:

Structured formats were designed for data collection at three government hospitals, and then information about pediatric patients’ demography, CT protocols, and CT systems was retrieved and recorded from March 2018 up to July 2018. CT dose indicators: CTDIvol (mGy) and DLP (mGy.cm) values for abdomen, chest, and head CT scans were recorded based on pediatric patients’ age ⩽1, (1–5], (5–10], and (10–15] years old. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 25 software. Finally, the third quartile values of CTDIvol and DLP were determined and compared with other international DRLs.

Results:

The third quartile values of radiation dose descriptors for abdomen, chest, and head CT scans, respectively, in terms of CTDIvol (mGy): 58, 10, 17, 51; 23, 23, 34, 51; 62, 41, 50, 51; and in terms of DLP (mGy.cm), 377, 314, 624, 664; 523, 571, 406, 739; 927, 806, 929, and 1197 corresponded to pediatric patients of age ⩽1, (1–5], (5–10], and (10–15] years old, respectively.

Conclusion:

There were significant differences in the radiation dosage of some CT examinations between the same age groups, indicating a need for dose optimization. Therefore, this study recommends the need for enhancing radiation safety, ensuring appropriate imaging practices, and prioritizing the well-being of pediatric patients who visit CT examinations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Uterine inversion in retained placenta, that’s why a good management of third stage of labor matters: A case report
Authors: Marlina Dina , Susandi Dadan , Utomo Aditya
Published: July 2024

Uterine inversion is characterized by the folding of the fundus into the uterine cavity. While infrequent, it ranks among the most serious complications of childbirth, posing a significant risk of mortality primarily due to hemorrhage and shock. Retained placenta after vaginal delivery is diagnosed when placenta does not spontaneously deliver within 18–60 min. Manual placenta can be considered first if retained placenta occurs. A 29-year-old woman with parity status P2A0 came to maternal emergency referred from the first health care provider with severe post-partum hemorrhage after delivering her second living 3100 g baby 2 h before admission. The midwife reported that the placenta was hard to have. There was a resistance felt inside when she tried to do umbilical cord traction. The manual placenta was not done. After several trials, the placenta finally came out, followed by fundus of uterine. Acute hemorrhage occurred, causing a decrease of hemoglobin level to 7.8 g/dl. At maternal emergency, the placenta delivered spontaneously yet the fundus still inverted. Fast reposition of uterine done by doctor on duty to stop the hemorrhage. Following successful repositioning and 4 days of observation, the patient was discharged from the hospital with no signs of hemorrhage and favorable results on abdominal ultrasonography.
Cystolitholapaxy for large-volume bladder stones using Swiss LithoClast TrilogyⓇ: Initial clinical experience
Authors: Sturgess George , Beckley Ian , Downey Alison , Phillips Rebecca , Sara Xenia , Wilcox George , Young Matthew , Symons Stephanie
Published: July 2024

Objective:

Large bladder calculi can be managed with open cystolithotomy, or endoscopically through cystolitholapaxy. The Swiss LithoClast Trilogy is a single-probe dual-energy lithotripter, widely used in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). We report our clinical experience including the safety and efficacy of using Trilogy for cystolitholapaxy.

Patients and Methods:

Patients undergoing cystolitholapaxy using Trilogy since 2020 were identified, and data collected included stone profile, operative details, complications and stone-free status. Radiological stone characterisation was performed for all patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) imaging pre-operatively.

Results:

There were 41 cystolitholapaxy procedures performed using Trilogy. Average age was 65 years, and 85.4% were male. Average total stone volume was 13.7 cm3 (SD ±14.6 cm3). The largest stone cleared had a maximal diameter of 4.9 cm and volume of 46.1 cm3. Transurethral access via a nephroscope was used in 38 of 41 (92.7%) cases. Average total operating time was 89 minutes (SD ± 40 minutes), and average length of stay was 1.35 days (SD ±2.41 days). Two complications not directly attributable to the use of Trilogy occurred.

Conclusion:

Cystolitholapaxy using Trilogy is both safe and effective in treating large-volume bladder stones with high complete clearance rates and an excellent safety profile. It should be considered as an alternative to open cystolithotomy.

Level of evidence:

4
Undergraduate Student Retention Activities: Challenges and Research Agenda
Authors: Gonçalves Gustavo Silva , Serra Fernando Antonio Ribeiro , Storopoli José Eduardo , Scafuto Isabel Cristina , Rafael Diego Nogueira
Published: July 2024

Our study aims to identify effective activities to enhance student retention and promote student success in higher education institutions (HEIs) by reviewing the factors that affect student retention through a literature review. Our study used a systematic review with the bibliometric method to analyze 125 articles related to the retention of students in higher education from 2014 to 2022. We used PCA and network analysis to identify and describe three research fronts of activities to student retention in higher education, two of which are from the perspective of the higher education institution (HEI) and focus on actions for retention to reduce student dropout and activities developed for student success. The third research front is centered on the student, seeking to understand what can lead to persistence in finishing their course. Our bibliometric study enabled us to identify the works and themes that have influenced current research on retention in higher education. By analyzing the bibliographic coupling component, our study provides insights into the research streams in higher education and highlights areas that require further investigation.
Unleashing the Power of Knowledge in Family Business: Exploring New Horizons and Untapped Potential for Research and Practice
Authors: Aboelmaged Mohamed , Ahmad Ifzal , Hashem Gharib , Alhashmi Saadat M.
Published: July 2024

Drawing on an exhaustive analysis of 112 scholarly articles dedicated to the field of Knowledge Management in Family Businesses (KMFB), this study systematically examines the prevailing research frontiers, investigates the intricate dynamics of knowledge management processes, explores the multifaceted outcomes within family business contexts, and provides an array of theoretical perspectives to underpin the empirical investigations. A pivotal focal point that emerges from this comprehensive investigation is the significance of the succession process, which serves as a pivotal link between knowledge processes and the effectiveness in harnessing innovation, entrepreneurial orientation, sustainability, and internationalization outcomes. Notably, a discernible pattern surfaces from the analysis, with a substantial proportion of the KMFB literature grounded in three prominent theoretical lenses: the knowledge-based view, resource-based view, and dynamic capabilities. These theoretical frameworks provide robust foundations for explicating the underlying mechanisms and dynamics that drive knowledge management and its impact on family business performance. Furthermore, this systematic literature review uncovers a rich landscape of opportunities for future research endeavors. It illuminates potential avenues for novel research designs, innovative investigations into knowledge processes, exploration of diverse outcomes, and the application of alternative theoretical perspectives within KMFB research. These prospects hold immense promise in advancing scholarly knowledge, refining existing theories, and providing fresh insights into the intricate interplay between knowledge management and family business performance.
Fair but Irresponsible: How Moral Senses Affect Young Males’ Attitudes Toward Extramarital Affairs
Authors: Le Tam-Tri , Jin Ruining , Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: July 2024

Extramarital affairs can be detrimental to family stability and individual happiness. Existing literature on the issue suggests that gender and moral qualities can be major influencing factors. Particularly, it is suggested that males are more likely to have affairs compared to females. In this study, we explore deeper possible gender differences together with the sense of responsibility and fairness in young people’s attitudes toward extramarital affairs from the perspective of information processing. Following the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF), we conducted Bayesian analyses on 493 university students from Germany, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, and Japan. Our analysis results show that males are more likely than females to think that extramarital affairs can be justified, but this gender difference is small in magnitude. In linear relationships, importance perceptions of fairness and responsibility do not have any clear effect on attitudes toward affairs. However, when considering the interactions between gender and these moral factors, we found that among males, those who put more importance on responsibility are less likely to think that extramarital affairs are justifiable, but those who put more importance on fairness are more likely to think that extramarital affairs are justifiable. These patterns may be due to how men interpret moral values in their subjective cost-benefit judgments toward marital relationships involving social expectations and personal preferences.
Attitudes Toward English in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Comparative Study
Authors: Brdarević-Čeljo Amna
Published: July 2024

Larger comparative studies into Europeans’ attitudes toward English are scarce particularly those researching southern-eastern European countries. Thus, the present study explores attitudes toward English among 1,179 respondents in Bosnia and Herzegovina, contrasting two emerging attitudinal clusters. Moreover, the study also compares Bosnians’ attitudes with the attitudes of two other national groups, that is, German and Dutch, from Edwards and Fuchs study. The findings show that younger and better educated Bosnian respondents with higher English proficiency are more favorably inclined toward English, whereas older, less educated Bosnian respondents with lower English proficiency are not as well-disposed toward English and express concerns over its consistent presence. Compared to German and Dutch respondents, Bosnians are less confident about the status of their L1, more deeply engrossed in English and like and prefer using it significantly more than two other national groups. They are exonormatively oriented and aim toward native-like pronunciation.
The Impact of COVID-19 on K-12 School Principals’ Management Processes
Authors: Apaydın Çiğdem , Manolova Yalçın Oksana
Published: July 2024

Schools transitioned them from face-to-face to distance education to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Principals faced extraordinary crises. Transitional management processes to distance education and outcomes are viewed from the perspective of 15 school principals of K-12 schools, selected through convenience sampling, within a qualitative research and single study design. Content analysis was used to analyze principals’ responses. The themes and patterns that emerged were matched to the research aims, and a data-driven approach was used to interpret the results. The researchers generated and coded themes, which revealed that K-12 school principals managed the transition process through the effective use of technology, but experienced stress under intense pressure. These findings suggest significant changes in management processes by principals during the pandemic, despite additional stress from parent indifference, teachers’ limited technological knowledge, unpreparedness to manage the process at schools. Infrastructure and practice were key variables for effective transition.
From Banks or Venture Capitals? The Financing Choices of Chinese High-Tech Enterprises During the Start-Up Period
Authors: Fang Yongmei , Guan Bo , Yang Guiying
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is financing options for high-tech enterprises in China during their early-stage. This study develops a three-phase model to analyze the financing choices of Chinese high-tech firms between banking and venture capital while considering information asymmetry. The findings reveal that opaque information disclosure favors venture capital financing, while transparent disclosure leads to bank loans for equally qualified high-tech enterprises. Data analysis further confirms that both bank loans and venture capital are viable options for early-stage Chinese high-tech enterprises. These findings offer valuable guidance for high-tech firms and investors navigating China’s financial landscape. Moreover, policy management departments can leverage these insights to make informed decisions and facilitate the financing of high-tech enterprises.

JEL Classification: C70, C23, D22, G24.
Dealing With Unnecessary: The Mediation Role of Social Overload on Fear of Missing Out and Social Media Fatigue
Authors: Xie Xinzhou , Jin Guangyao , Bai Qiyu
Published: July 2024

Previous studies have shown that the fear of missing out (FoMO) is positively associated with social media fatigue. However, few studies have explored the mediating and moderating mechanisms behind this association. In this study, we analyzed whether social overload mediates the association between FoMO and social media fatigue and whether this mediation process is moderated by interdependent self-construal. Using social support theory and the theory of compensatory Internet use, we analyzed valid questionnaire responses from 3,000 Chinese social media users to empirically validate the proposed model. The results showed that FoMO was positively related to social media fatigue and that social overload mediated the association between FoMO and social media fatigue. In addition, the mediation effect was stronger for social media users with high levels of interdependent self-construal. These findings could increase understanding of users’ psychological states when using social media and reduce the negative effects of FoMO on social media users.
Physical Inactivity Increases Impairment of Daily Activities Due to Pain in Workers: An Ordinal Regression Logistic and Correspondence Analysis
Authors: de Pedro-Jiménez Domingo , de Diego-Cordero Rocío , Vargas-Martínez Ana Magdalena , Raya-Cano Elena , Molina-Luque Rafael , Romero-Saldaña Manuel
Published: July 2024

Background: The evidence for the health benefits of physical activity is growing; however, the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles continues to contribute to the increase in chronic non-communicable diseases. We know that occupational-time physical activity does not provide the same benefits as leisure-time physical activity, which has been shown to reduce mortality and pain. We also know that multiple factors influence pain; however, there are no studies that specifically analyze the impact of type of working time and occupational-time physical activity on the impairment of daily activities due to pain. We aimed to study the influence of both personal and occupational factors on the impairment of daily activities due to pain, assessing whether leisure-time physical activity acts as a protective factor. Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based design was used based on the 2017 National Health Survey in Spain (ENSE). Sociodemographic, leisure-time physical activity, and work-related variables were collected. The outcome variable was the impairment of daily activities due to pain. Ordinal logistic regression was applied, and the analysis was complemented with simple correspondence analysis. Results: A total of 1,441 workers between 18 and 65 years of age were studied. Significant differences were found between sexes for all variables except age and leisure-time physical activity. Logistic regression revealed significant associations between sex, primary and secondary education levels, no leisure-time physical activity, and overweight with impairment of daily activities due to pain. Simple correspondence analysis showed that the categories doing leisure-time physical activity several times a week as well as several times a month are closer to the categories of little or no pain. Conclusion: Female gender, low educational level, overweight, and lack of leisure-time physical activity were associated with increases in impairment of daily activities due to pain. Occupational-time physical activity and work shift were not related to impairment of daily activities due to pain. Implications for Occupational Health Practice: Occupational Health Nursing interventions through education and counseling on the importance of leisure-time physical activity promotion programs potentially can reduce the impairment of daily activities due to pain in working populations.
Climate Change Scepticism Questionnaire: structure and factor invariance with respect to gender in a group of Spanish adults / Escala de Escepticismo hacia el Cambio Climático: su estructura e invarianza factorial respecto al género en grupo de adultos españoles
Authors: Larzabal-Fernandez Aitor , Castrechini Angela , Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Vázquez Alexandra
Published: July 2024

The Climate Change Scepticism Questionnaire (CCS-Q) has been used in numerous studies. However, we found no studies in the literature review that analyse its psychometric properties. The aim of this study is to confirm the one-dimensional factorial structure of the Climate Change Scepticism Questionnaire, verify its reliability and analyse factorial invariance with respect to gender. To do this, we conducted instrumental, quantitative research, analysing the factorial structure and reliability of the questionnaire in a sample of 426 Spanish participants. The results show a single factor structure comprising 12 items with satisfactory fit indices for metric, scalar and strict invariance with respect to gender. Therefore, we present this tool as a test with good psychometric properties and equivalence of measurement by gender.
Retirement and unemployment as an opportunity for use and social interaction in urban public spaces / Jubilación y desempleo como oportunidad de uso e interacción social en los espacios públicos urbanos
Authors: Rosales Christian , Lorenzo Maryurena , Ríos-Rodríguez María Luisa , Suárez Ernesto , Hernández Bernardo
Published: July 2024

Demographic changes, associated with longer life expectancy and a lower birth rate, have led to population ageing in societies. There is also a high rate of unemployment linked to job insecurity, temporary employment, school drop-out rates and overqualification, among others. These phenomena have generated a new social challenge. This research paper, based on a sample of 259 people, aims to analyse the extent to which socio-occupational status influences the use of public spaces (parks and squares) and users’ perceptions about the possibilities of contact promoted by different public spaces and the quality of relationships with other users. Findings indicate that there are differences depending on socio-occupational status with regard to the perception of social relations and frequency of use. In particular, unemployed and retired people use urban public spaces to a greater extent, and they also show a more positive perception of the possibilities of contact in public spaces and the quality of relationships.
Clinical Characteristics and Cytogenetics of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Single Center in Pakistan
Authors: Tabassum Najia , Muhammad Sadia , Mirza Talat , Butt Zainab , Mansoor Neelum
Published: July 2024

Objectives. This study aimed to find the association between clinical characteristics, cytogenetics, and post-induction outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods. The study was conducted at the Indus Hospital in Karachi. Initial total leukocyte count (TLC), cytogenetics, CNS status, and post-induction remission status were recorded. Results. Out of 108 children diagnosed with ALL, 66 (61.1%) were male and 42 (38.9%) were female. The majority 90 (83.3%) had B-ALL. CNS1 status was observed in 76 (84.4%) B-ALL and 18 (88.9%) T-ALL. All T-ALL and 89 (98.8%) B-ALL achieved remission post-induction. In B-ALL, 50 (55.5%) had a normal diploid karyotype, and 22 (24.4%) had numerical abnormalities. No typical gene rearrangement was observed in 66 (73.3%), 11 (12.2%) had BCR::ABL1, 10 (11.1%) had ETV6::RUNX1 and 3 (3.3%) KMT2A on FISH. No significant difference was observed between cytogenetics and clinical characteristics ( P > .05). Conclusion. The study provides valuable data on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the Pakistani population.
Pandemic Pathways: An Integrated Approach to Studying the Pandemic’s Employment Impacts on Paid and Unpaid Care of Children 0 to 11 Years Old
Authors: Gonalons-Pons Pilar , Quinn Johanna S.
Published: July 2024

The pandemic adversely affected the employment of child caregivers, exacerbating already existing inequalities. The authors offer an integrated framework that considers the interdependencies between unpaid and paid child caregiving and the construction of the childcare sector as a devalued and fractionalized group. The authors outline the prepandemic positioning of mothers, childcare teachers, preschool teachers, and primary school teachers. Then, using cross-sectional and panel data from the Current Population Survey, the authors describe how the pandemic affected these four groups of child caregivers’ employment between January 2018 and December 2022. Black, Brown, and non-college-educated mothers were hit particularly hard during the pandemic. Primary school teachers were in a better position prior to the pandemic and fared much better than childcare teachers during it. The authors argue that an integrated framework helps us understand the disparities in the impact of the pandemic between child caregivers as partly a by-product of the fragmented and devalued organization of child caregiving.
Stimulating Simulation: Managing Stress Through Effective Time Management
Authors: Lamm Eric , Tosti-Kharas Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Managing stress at work is difficult because the majority of the factors causing workplace stress often appear out of one’s control. However, this is not true for all job stressors; employees have the ability to largely manage their workload and demands on their time. Managing time effectively is a top skill that employers seek when hiring, so students’ ability to improve this skill can help them on the job market. This paper modifies and updates a highly engaging, free, easy-to-use, email-based simulation in which students act as a manager to make fast, critical decisions about how to best use their time within 30 minutes. Afterward, a lengthy debrief is conducted in which students reflect on their decisions. This simulation is suitable for organizational behavior and management courses and has been successfully used at undergraduate and graduate levels, both in-person and online in a synchronous format.
How academics & policymakers can collaborate effectively: Lessons from using behavioral science to improve U.S. federal government policies
Authors: O’ Flaherty Shibeal , Martin Lizzie , Bhanot Syon , Hall Crystal , Jilke Sebastian , Simko Tyler , Steffel Mary
Published: July 2024

The U.S. government administers many public programs and services. Creating programs that work requires an understanding of the psychological processes that influence behavior. To this end, policymakers may collaborate with academics who have expertise in behavioral science to generate ideas for improving existing programs, procedures, or policies; to test existing programs; or to design wholly new programs that address societal problems. Such collaborations also enable academics to test new or established theories in real-world settings. In this article, we draw on our collective experience in the U.S. Office of Evaluation Sciences, where we have worked on studies that evaluate various federal programs, to outline some of the core issues that make research collaborations between academics and government agents challenging. We also offer tips for making these partnerships productive and mutually beneficial.
Cross-Sectional Survey of Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellowship Training in Secondary Intraocular Lens Placement
Authors: Ghalibafan Seyyedehfatemeh , Cai Louis Z. , Chou Brandon Graham , Patel Nimesh A. , Shaheen Abdulla , Yannuzzi Nicolas A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To assess current trends in vitreoretinal surgical fellowship training for placement of secondary intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to vitreoretinal surgical fellowship graduates who completed their program between 2019 and 2023. Results: Completed responses were obtained from 70 (22.5%) of 311 eligible recipients. Training settings included academic (80%), hybrid academic/private practice (15%), and private practice (5%). During their fellowship, the majority of respondents reported 10 or fewer cases using anterior chamber (AC) IOLs (69%), 5 to 50 cases using scleral-sutured IOLs (64%), and 5 to 25 cases using sutureless scleral-fixated IOLs (52%). Most fellows (79%) did not have exposure to iris-fixated IOL placement during fellowship training. The Akreos AO60 (78%) and Envista MX60 (10%) IOLs were the most common choice for scleral-sutured placement. Most fellows (67%) placed fewer than 10 secondary IOLs through scleral tunnels. Overall, scleral-sutured IOL placement (Akreos Gore-Tex [polytetrafluoroethylene] sutured, 49%) and scleral-fixated IOLs (modified Yamane, 45%) were the preferred and most comfortable surgical techniques for recent graduates after completing training. There was a significant association between surgical case volume during fellowship training and self-reported competency for each type of secondary IOL ( P ≤ .005). Conclusions: The majority of vitreoretinal surgical fellows receive limited training in the placement of AC IOLs or construction of scleral tunnels during their fellowship. Aligned with their experience during fellowship, recent graduates generally prefer implanting scleral-fixated or scleral-sutured IOLs. Analysis of trainees’ exposure to various techniques and postgraduate surgical preferences may identify areas for improvement in surgical education.
Longitudinal Assessment of Peripapillary Microvasculature Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Cognitively Normal Adults
Authors: Joseph Suzanna , Woo Joshua , Robbins Cason B. , Haystead Alice , Stinnett Sandra , Grewal Dilraj S. , Fekrat Sharon
Published: July 2024

Introduction: To evaluate longitudinal peripapillary changes in cognitively normal older adults using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Methods: Participants older than 50 years with no history of neurodegenerative disease or cognitive impairment were prospectively enrolled. OCT and OCTA images were obtained at the first visit and 2 years later. Results: The study comprised 189 eyes of 111 adults with a mean age (±SD) of 69.3 ± 5.8 years and mean follow-up of 2.1 ± 0.5 years. Woman experienced slower rate of decline than men in capillary perfusion density (0.000% ± 0.005% vs −0.002% ± 0.004%; P = .038) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (0.133 ± 1.617 µm vs −0.659 ± 1.431 µm; P = .008). At both timepoints, after controlling for sex, the capillary perfusion density ( P < .001), capillary flux index ( P < .001), and RNFL thickness ( P = .005) were lower in older participants. The mean capillary perfusion density was higher in women than in men at both timepoints ( P = .01 and P = .002, respectively), with no significant differences in the capillary flux index and RNFL thickness. Conclusions: In cognitively normal adults, there is a significant reduction in peripapillary capillary perfusion density, the capillary flux index, and RNFL thickness associated with aging beyond 50 years. Women had higher capillary perfusion density values with slower rates of change in capillary perfusion density and RNFL thickness. These values can serve as benchmarks, and variations could be suspicious for a pathologic process.
Feasibility Study of a Mobile Health Parenting Intervention Among Somali/Somali Americans From Refugee Families in the United States
Authors: Gulamhussein Qurat-ul-ain , Susman-Stillman Amy , Zhou Xiang , Addo Akosua , Ahmed Faisa , Flynn Priscilla M. , Gunnar Megan R. , Okoro Olihe , Olson Deborah , Osman Muna , Riggs Sheila M. , Sojourner Aaron , Walker Susan K. , Lee Richard M.
Published: July 2024

Mobile health parenting interventions often do not account for inequities in parenting education and health resources for racial minority, refugee, and low-income families. We examined the feasibility of a mobile health intervention to address maternal and child wellness needs in Somali/Somali Americans from refugee families. Using a community-engaged research approach, our interdisciplinary academic team, in collaboration with Somali/Somali American community members, healthcare providers, and state, county, and local health officials, developed a culturally sensitive audio-based messaging intervention. The messages contained four topics (parent–child relationships, child nutrition, child health, and maternal self-care) and were delivered in an audio-based format upon the community’s needs. Forty-six Somali/Somali American parents ( Mage = 31) participated in the feasibility study, and 12 parents provided feedback. Based on thematic analysis, Somali/Somali American parents found the content and delivery style helpful in caring for their children and themselves and expressed interest in continuing this intervention. We discuss the implications for using mobile health interventions to address health inequities in marginalized communities.
Current Clinical Evidence for Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Andreae Thomas , Elshafei Moustafa , Gossage James A. , Kersting Thomas , Bell Reginald
Published: July 2024

Background:

Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) is an alternative treatment option to laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. To date, over 40,000 devices have been implanted worldwide since first approval in Europe in 2010 and the USA in 2012. Despite this clinical reality, the long-term safety and effectiveness of the procedure continues to be questioned. This study aims to systematically summarize and appraise the currently available evidence for MSA relative to effectiveness, safety, and healthcare resource use.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was carried out to identify all clinical studies published in English, as of February 15, 2023. Required endpoints were safety, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness.

Results:

The systematic search identified 212 publications and 14 entries in study registries. After screening and full text analysis, 82 publications were included in qualitative synthesis. One RCT established superiority of MSA compared to twice daily proton-pump inhibitors with respect to the elimination of moderate to severe regurgitation (89% vs 10%, RR 0.11, 95% CI 0.06-0.20, P < 0.001). Eleven cohort studies comparing MSA to LF showed no statistical difference in safety profile and effectiveness measured by post-operative GERD-HRQL score. In addition, patients undergoing MSA significantly retained the ability to belch and vomit when compared to LF. These results were consistent in follow-up out to 7 years.

Conclusions:

LINX has been shown to provide long lasting relief to patients suffering from persistent GERD while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. As an outpatient day-procedure, MSA is cost effective with short recovery.
Adapting Books for Students With Extensive Support Needs: Multiple Points of Access
Authors: Abueg Joseph C. , Bacos Catherine A. , Baker Joshua N.
Published: July 2024

Literacy is a crucial element in a person’s education, and widespread literacy allows societies to thrive. However, individuals with extensive support needs (ESN) often face barriers to attaining literacy. Shared story reading is an evidence-based practice that has demonstrated effectiveness in increasing literacy outcomes for individuals with ESN. A core component of shared story reading is the use of adapted books to create access to the general curriculum. This article presents an inclusive approach to literacy instruction to meet the needs of students with ESN through books adapted for multiple points of access (i.e., physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and cultural). Examples of how to adapt book elements across the multiple access points are provided and the implications for practice are discussed.
Advancing Supported Decision-Making Through Special Education Professional Advocacy
Authors: Walters Charles B. , Smith Hill Rebecca B. , Plotner Anthony J.
Published: July 2024

An increasing amount of attention has been paid in recent years to issues related to decision-making support for students with significant disabilities approaching the age of legal adulthood. Research indicates that special education teachers support practices that minmize the use of undue and overbroad guardianship for their students. However, many are working within environments in which this belief may not be well supported. The purpose of this article is to provide special education teachers with context and strategies for systemic advocacy efforts that support the dignity and autonomy of their students with complex support needs.
Impact of a Hospital-Based Food Pharmacy Program on Health Outcomes of Vulnerable Patients
Authors: Bilello Lori A , Jones Ross , Kassis Nora , Whitner Chardaè , Knight Ann-Marie , Webb Fern
Published: July 2024

Access to healthy foods, especially for those who are living with diabetes and hypertension, is crucial in managing these chronic diseases. This study evaluates the implementation of a food pharmacy and food prescription program at a safety-net hospital that serves vulnerable populations. Patients who screen as food insecure using the USDA adult food security survey receive a referral from the physician to the food pharmacy program where a dietician reviews their dietary requirements based on their chronic disease and develops a diet plan. Patients then receive fresh produce, meats and other products every 2 weeks that meets their nutritional needs from the food pharmacy. Biometric data from the patient’s most recent clinic visit at the time of enrollment was collected as the baseline measures including blood pressure, weight, and HbA1c (if diabetic). Additionally, biometric information was collected from the patient’s medical records from regularly scheduled clinic visits at 6 month intervals. A total of 266 patients were enrolled in the program during the 13-month period that was studied (121 patients with 6-month data and 68 patients with 12-month data). The statistical analysis showed a significant improvement in diastolic blood pressure at 12 months and in weight at both the 6 months and 12 months timeframes when comparing to baseline biometrics.