bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remarks by Warren Maruyama
Authors: Maruyama Warren
Published: April 2018

Well, thanks, Gary, and thanks to the American Society of International Law for convening this panel. And I guess we should also thank Donald Trump, because whatever one may think about his policies, he's been great for trade lawyers, trade professors, trade consultants, trade experts. And even tax people, who never had the time of day for us trade types, now have to listen to us go on and on about these obscure parts of WTO law regarding border tax adjustments, which are just as incomprehensible as my tax return.
Remarks by Rachel Brewster
Authors: Brewster Rachel
Published: April 2018

I agree with Warren's comments, particularly about driving students and reporters to trade lawyers' doors. I think that we all, in the trade community, seem to be breathing a bit of a sigh of relief, a hesitant sigh at the moment, that China's not going to be labeled the currency manipulator, that we have not withdrawn from NAFTA. But I also don't want to overemphasize the go slow. I mean, one of the first acts that Trump did was withdraw from the TPP negotiations, and I think that the loss of TPP is a mixed bag for the United States. I think that there was certainly a lot of criticism within the United States of the TPP negotiations and it's not clear that a Clinton presidency would have been a strong supporter of that.
Remarks by Sally March
Authors: March Sally
Published: April 2018

Well, I moved to London thirty years ago, and I joined a small American law firm that was about to open in Moscow, to take advantage of the new opportunities for foreign companies to invest in what was then the Soviet Union. And I was not a Russian lawyer, and I didn't have any particular expertise in this field, but I found myself playing the role of the bridge. I was the bridge between the needs of the Western client and the abilities of the local Russian lawyers, and they were a bridge, a cultural as well as a legal bridge, for the clients to understand this brave new world in which they were trying to do business.
Remarks by Laura Stein
Authors: Stein Laura
Published: April 2018

Sally, what you said actually really resonates a lot and I do think that the lawyers both in and outside of law firms around the globe that my company engages, as well as lawyers on our legal team who have responsibility, either for different substantive areas or different parts of the world, also play that bridge, because I think, Hannah, you said at the outset, and, Dr. Hall, your paper also showed kind of the increased complexity and overlap of so many issues involving transnational law, that you really need not just the expertise but frequently how you bring the different pieces of expertise together, internally and externally, to bear on creating a solution to either a problem or driving business opportunities.
Remarks by Jonathan Welch
Authors: Welch Jonathan
Published: April 2018

I certainly agree with what Laura said. It does require a lot of cultural sensitivity. It requires an open mind and flexibility to deal with multiple jurisdictions.
Introductory Remarks by Paul Joffe
Authors: Joffe Paul
Published: April 2018

Thank you very much and welcome to everybody joining us. I am Paul Joffe, Foreign Policy Counsel at the World Resources Institute, and in the last twenty-four hours the news has been filled with stories of players at high levels in the Trump administration clashing over whether the United States should stay in the Paris Agreement. There's a story in this morning's Post about it, with the key players meeting next week and a decision expected in May. So, it seems that the Trump administration is working feverishly to raise suspense ahead of this morning's panel.
Dan Wade
Authors: Wade Dan
Published: April 2018

Dan Wade, Yale Law Library. I'm a representative of the people, and I'd be curious to know whether you're marching on the 28th, and what do you think of the efficacy of the march, and, also, how can we change Trump's mind? What techniques, effects should we use, and following Susan's thought, should we really focus our attention away from Trump and go for the Congress? Thank you.
Remarks by Maurice Kamto
Authors: Kamto Maurice
Published: April 2018

Thank you. I'm sitting here on behalf of the Hague Academy. I am grateful to the Curatorium of the Academy and the City of The Hague and the Institute for International and European Law for making my presence here possible this morning.
Remarks by Philip Alston
Authors: Alston Philip
Published: April 2018

Thank you. I will focus on fact-finding, since I was asked to do that, but I also want to address some of the broader issues that have been brought up on the panel. I don't propose to look at fact-finding from a technical human rights perspective, nor in terms of judicial fact-finding, which is obviously of great importance in the context of the judicial institutions in The Hague about which other speakers are talking. In that respect, I am an interloper on this panel. I am not associated with any of the relevant judicial institutions, and so my perspective is inevitably somewhat different.
Introductory Remarks by Laura Dickinson
Authors: Dickinson Laura
Published: April 2018

The growing use of cyberspace by state and nonstate actors is testing the limits of our international legal rules. And the recent issuance of the Tallinn Manual, both in its first iteration and now in its second version as Tallinn 2.0, attempts to identify the emerging law in this area. But many of the principles it asserts are controversial. This panel grapples with some of the key contested issues in this emerging domain.
Friday Keynote: Seen and not Heard
Authors: Okoro Sandie
Published: April 2018

Gender-based Violence (GBV) is costly, from a human, psychological, and economic point of view. It is estimated to represent worldwide a loss equivalent to Canada's GDP (1.5 trillion dollars). This loss is seen but not heard. GBV has taken the lives of over 200 million women worldwide, comparable in number to the population of Brazil, Pakistan, or Nigeria. GBV has destroyed the lives of millions of women and girls, who are survivors of this everyday violence. In this respect, GBV again is seen but not heard. In this speech Sandie Okoro, the General Counsel of the World Bank, reflected on her personal experience as a female international lawyer and on her journey toward achieving recognition and leadership in her field. She presented the life stories of courageous and inspirational women on every continent who have suffered extreme violence, yet who have persevered and fought ferociously for the rights of other women who suffer a similar plight. The focus was on women who have employed their efforts toward shaping and influencing the direction of international law and national jurisprudence so they can be seen and heard. Sandie's speech also homed in on the fragmentation that exists with respect to women's rights, both in terms of enforcement and implementation. She illustrated the fact that even in instances where laws tackling GBV or gender inequality exist, in certain contexts there are still severe gaps in their application. It is indisputable that the agenda to combat GBV is of paramount importance. Yet the question remains as to what our individual and collective roles in this regard ought to be. It is incumbent upon us, the legal community at large, to ensure that it is both seen and heard from this point on.
Remarks by Mark Ellis
Authors: Ellis Mark
Published: April 2018

At 10:00 a.m. on Tuesday, May 7, 1994, the first trial under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) began. Dusko Tadić was charged, on the basis of individual criminal responsibility, with grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, violations of the laws or customs of war, and crimes against humanity. Tadić escaped only the charge of genocide.
Remarks by Thomas Antkowiak
Authors: Antkowiak Thomas
Published: April 2018

As many of you know, the Inter-American Human Rights System is composed of two institutions, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (the Court or the IACtHR) and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the Commission or the IACHR). Despite its shortcomings, the Inter-American System is very important in our era, a time overrun by violence, xenophobia, and discrimination.
In Favor of the Motion
Authors: Juratowitch Ben
Published: April 2018

International courts and tribunals having compulsory jurisdiction over disputes between states is more important than ever. As the theme indicates, it is the way that David and Goliath are placed on an equal footing for the purposes of the resolution of a legal dispute between them.
Remarks by Loretta Malintoppi
Authors: Malintoppi Loretta
Published: April 2018

Mr. President, members of the Tribunal, Mr. Juratowitch has already recalled in general terms the importance of consent for international dispute settlement.
Remarks by Judge Stephen Schwebel
Authors: Schwebel Judge Stephen
Published: April 2018

It should be recalled that the Committee of Jurists that drew up the draft Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice provided for general compulsory jurisdiction. But when that draft Statute was laid before the Council of the League, the Great Powers of the day were unwilling to accept compulsory jurisdiction, and the optional clause came forth as an inadequate substitute. There were high hopes for its expansion, and it did expand over the years. By the outbreak of World War II, there were more states adhering to the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court than there are now. In the 1930s, President Roosevelt made a strong effort to have the United States ratify the Statute of the Court, which was a separate instrument from the League of Nations Covenant. He got a majority in the Senate, but not a two-thirds majority.
Remarks by Stephen Pomper
Authors: Pomper Stephen
Published: April 2018

We are having this conversation now because of the April 7 strikes on the Shayrat Airfield in Syria, but the question of how one justifies forcible measures in the context of a humanitarian emergency, and in the face of a deadlocked Security Council, is one that deserves urgent attention beyond the context of any single event. Progress toward answering this question has, however, been mired in a long-standing debate between those who believe that there is no credible international law justification for humanitarian intervention—and that the U.S. government should instead justify interventions like those taken at Kosovo and Shayrat as morally “legitimate”—and those who believe a legal justification can and should be put forward. I am very much in the latter camp and will use my time now to explain how I arrived at this position as a policy and as a legal matter by looking at three questions: the first question is whether legal justification is the direction that the United States should go in as a matter of policy. The second question is whether legal justification is credibly available as a matter of international law. The third question (which assumes the answer to the first and second is yes) is how to go about articulating and disseminating such a justification. Let me take these in order.
Rebalancing Rights and Duties of States and Investors
Authors: Orellana Marcos
Published: April 2018

The debate over rebalancing the rights and duties of states and investors requires a broader view of the actors implicated in investment disputes. Rebalancing also requires addressing asymmetries apparent in the legal mechanisms of accountability.
Heading Off Disputes by Paying Attention to Human Rights in Foreign Investor/Host State Contract Negotiations
Authors: Sherman John F.
Published: April 2018

Other panelists have talked about the increasing relevance of human rights to bilateral treaty arbitrations between governments and foreign investors. This is a very important development. However, my focus is on how to prevent the disputes that give rise to those arbitrations in the first place. If human rights are not addressed up front, in host state/foreign investor contract negotiations, they will come back to bite people, states, and investors. To do so, I want to talk about the 2011 UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and their addendum, the Principles for Responsible Contracts.
WTO Procedures to Monitor RTAs
Authors: Acharya Rohini
Published: April 2018

Ten years ago, in December 2006, the WTO created a new Transparency Mechanism for Regional Trade Agreements, an early harvest of the Doha Development Round of trade negotiations. The objective was to try to understand RTAs better and permit the Committee on Regional Trade Agreements (CRTA) to perform one of its key functions of monitoring RTAs in a more efficient manner.
Foreign Policy and Trade Law: Japan's Unexpected Leadership in TPP Negotiations
Authors: Davis Christina L.
Published: April 2018

After decades of focusing largely on multilateral trade rules, the past fifteen years witnessed a surge of free trade agreements by East Asian governments. Regional production networks benefit from harmonization of rules and lowering trade barriers. Yet several features stand out in these agreements—they focus on goods trade and are not embedded in strong regional institutions for shared decision making. This reflects both the divergent preferences among widely different countries and the reluctance of Japan or China to advocate any policies beyond liberalization of trade and investment. The TPP broke the mold of East Asian PTAs largely due to the leadership of the United States, which pushed others to adopt new rules on labor, environment, digital trade, state-owned enterprises, and competition policy. Yet, surprisingly, these features may persist in trade law despite the exit of the United States from the agreement. A key reason is the transformation of Japan, which began as a bystander to the agreement and now stands as one of its strongest advocates. A second reason is the use of templates in trade agreements, which can transfer the negotiated terms from one deal into subsequent agreements.
Stocktaking and Glimpsing at Trade Law's Next Generation
Authors: Claussen Kathleen
Published: April 2018

These remarks are derived from a forthcoming work considering the future of international trade law. Compared with most features of the international legal system, the regional and bilateral trade law system is in the early stages of its evolution. For example, the United States is a party to fourteen free trade agreements currently in force, all but two of which have entered into force since 2000. The recent proliferation of agreements, particularly bilateral and regional agreements, is not unique to the United States. The European Union recently concluded trade agreement negotiations with Canada, Singapore, and Vietnam to add to its twenty-seven agreements in force and is negotiating approximately ten additional bilateral or multilateral agreements. In the Asia-Pacific Region, the number of regional and bilateral free trade agreements has grown exponentially since the conclusion of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free Trade Area of 1992. At that time, the region counted five such agreements in force. Today, the number totals 140 with another seventy-nine under negotiation or awaiting entry into force. The People's Republic of China is negotiating half a dozen bilateral trade agreements at present to top off the sixteen already in effect. India likewise is engaged in at least ten trade agreement negotiations. The World Trade Organization (WTO) reports 267 agreements of this sort in force among its members as of July 1, 2016.
Environmental Assessment in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Practice and Prospects
Authors: Warner Robin
Published: April 2018

Knowledge of the threats posed to the oceans by human activity has expanded beyond marine pollution to encompass recognition of the risks posed to vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) by overfishing, destructive fisheries practices, and invasive exploitation of living and nonliving marine resources. However, with the still-developing state of marine scientific research, the majority of activities at sea continue to occur with limited knowledge of their impacts on the marine environment. In this climate of uncertainty, environmental assessment assumes heightened importance. While governance structures will generally exist to facilitate environmental assessment in marine areas within national jurisdiction, these structures are still developing for marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ).
Remarks by Lori F. Damrosch
Authors: Damrosch Lori F.
Published: April 2018

Our moderator's questions begin with “in what sense is international law and in what sense isn't it universal?” and continue with whether international law may be “different in different places” and what the implications of such differences may be. I am here to defend the “universalist” perspective, as the immediate past president of the American Society of International Law and before that, editor-in-chief of the American Journal of International Law. Though both the Society and the Journal have “American” in their titles and our geographic headquarters is in the United States, the Society's mission statement commits us to pursue “a just world under law,” which I interpret as a global vision for a universal system of international law.
Introductory Remarks by Susan Franck
Authors: Franck Susan
Published: April 2018

The American Society of International Law (ASIL) agreed, in 2017, that it was appropriate to have an entire panel at the Annual Meeting dedicated to exploring the value of women in international adjudication. Although the panel occurred at 9:00 a.m. on the Saturday before Easter, we were pleased that the room was sufficiently packed—with men and women—that there was standing room only.
Introductory Remarks by Natalie Klein
Authors: Klein Natalie
Published: April 2018

This panel examined the operation of International Mass Claims Commissions (IMCC), which are ad hoc international judicial institutions created to resolve specific international disputes. IMCCs generally involve a great variety and number of claims and claimants, thus providing a distinctive means to resolve international disputes. This panel seeks to evaluate the effectiveness and viability of IMCCs as international dispute resolution mechanisms. Looking in particular at the examples set by the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal, the UN Claims Commission, and the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission, the speakers assess strengths and weaknesses of these unique institutions. Panelists also considered the use of IMCCs in future situations, as an alternative to standing international tribunals.
Opening Remarks by Lucinda Low
Authors: Low Lucinda
Published: April 2018

When the Annual Meeting Committee began its planning process a year ago, they could not have foreseen the challenges that would confront international law and institutions following the U.S. elections, but both the committee and the Society's leadership felt that it would be important to adjust our plans to take account of this new landscape. And this is taking place throughout this annual meeting and most particularly through the three panels we're hosting at this same time each morning on “International Law and the Trump Administration,” and the first panel, as you know, today is on “National and International Security.”
Remarks by John Bellinger
Authors: Bellinger John
Published: April 2018

Great. Thanks, Ben. So we have a fantastic moderator who knows more about this subject than any of us, so I'm going to try to be brief and let Ben ask us some questions.
OPTIMUM INSURANCE CONTRACTS WITH BACKGROUND RISK AND HIGHER-ORDER RISK ATTITUDES
Authors: Chi Yichun , Wei Wei
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we study an optimal insurance problem in the presence of background risk from the perspective of an insured with higher-order risk attitudes. We introduce several useful dependence notions to model positive dependence structures between the insurable risk and background risk. Under these dependence structures, we compare insurance contracts of different forms in higher-order risk attitudes and establish the optimality of stop-loss insurance form. We also explicitly derive the optimal retention level. Finally, we carry out a comparative analysis and investigate how the change in the insured's initial wealth or background risk affects the optimal retention level.
LOCAL HEDGING OF VARIABLE ANNUITIES IN THE PRESENCE OF BASIS RISK
Authors: Trottier Denis-Alexandre , Godin Frédéric , Hamel Emmanuel
Published: April 2018

A method to hedge variable annuities in the presence of basis risk is developed. A regime-switching model is considered for the dynamics of market assets. The approach is based on a local optimization of risk and is therefore very tractable and flexible. The local optimization criterion is itself optimized to minimize capital requirements associated with the variable annuity policy, the latter being quantified by the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) risk metric. In comparison to benchmarks, our method is successful in simultaneously reducing capital requirements and increasing profitability. Indeed the proposed local hedging scheme benefits from a higher exposure to equity risk and from time diversification of risk to earn excess return and facilitate the accumulation of capital. A robust version of the hedging strategies addressing model risk and parameter uncertainty is also provided.
Questioning the role of lexical contrastiveness in phonological development: Converging evidence from perception and production studies
Authors: Rose Yvan , Blackmore Sarah
Published: April 2018

In this article, we address relations between lexical and phonological development, with an emphasis on the notion of phonological contrast. We begin with an overview of the literature on word learning and on infant speech perception. Among other results, we report on studies showing that toddlers’ perceptual abilities do not correlate with the development of phonological contrasts within their lexicons. We then engage in a systematic comparison between the lexical development of two child learners of English and their acquisition of consonants in syllable onsets. We establish a developmental timeline for each child's onset consonant system, which we compare to the types of phonological contrasts that are present in their expressive vocabularies at each relevant milestone. Like the earlier studies, ours also fails to return tangible parallels between the two areas of development. The data instead suggest that patterns of phonological development are best described in terms of the segmental categories they involve, in relative independence from measures of contrastiveness within the learners’ lexicons.
Spinoza, Kant and the Transition to Hegel’s Subjective Logic: Arguing For and Against Philosophical Systems
Authors: Kreines James
Published: April 2018

Hegel’sLogicargues in a manner that is supposed to support a systematic philosophy. But it is difficult to explain how such a systematic argument is supposed to work. For answers, I look to the key transition from the Doctrine of Essence to the Doctrine of the Concept. Here we find discussions of both Spinozist and Kantian systems of philosophy: both are supposed to be helpful, and yet also to be lacking in instructive ways. So the initial hope is that these comparisons can help us to understand Hegel’s own systematic argument, and what it means to transition from an objective to a ‘Subjective Logic’. But the comparisons bring additional difficulties. First, to defend a comprehensive system involves refuting rivals, and the discussion of Spinoza demonstrates that refutation is difficult. Second, it is hard to see how any argument for Hegel’s system could be akin to those in Spinoza and Kant given the extent of the differences between them. I argue that the best way to deal with these difficulties is to explain the systematic argument of theLogicas modelled on the Transcendental Dialectic of Kant’s firstCritique.
Spirolites radwanskiin. igen. n. isp.: vermetid gastropod attachment etching trace from the middle Miocene rocky coast of the Paratethys, Poland
Authors: Uchman Alfred , Stachacz Michał , Salamon Klaudiusz
Published: April 2018

A new ichnogenus and ichnospecies,Spirolites radwanskii, is a spiral boring recognized in large limestone clasts deposited in a Miocene cliff-foot ramp. It is characterized by a semi-circular or inverted Ω-shaped cross section, gradually increasing width, gradual entrenching in the rock from the narrower side, consistent coiling direction, steep margin from the wider side, two-order annuli, and occasional truncation of the narrower side by the wider part. It is interpreted as a boring of vermetid gastropods, similar to the recentDendropoma.Spirolitesco-occurs with the bivalve boringsGastrochaenolites, mostlyG.torpedo, sponge boringsEntobia, and the spionid polychaete boringCaulostrepsis, which are typical of theEntobiaichnofacies.Spiroliteswas produced in very shallow, clean and warm sea waters.
Diagnostic accuracy of dopaminergic imaging in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Thomas Alan J. , Donaghy Paul , Roberts Gemma , Colloby Sean J. , Barnett Nicky A. , Petrides George , Lloyd Jim , Olsen Kirsty , Taylor John-Paul , McKeith Ian , O'Brien John T.
Published: April 2018

Background

Dopaminergic imaging has high diagnostic accuracy for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) at the dementia stage. We report the first investigation of dopaminergic imaging at the prodromal stage.

Methods

We recruited 75 patients over 60 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 33 with probable MCI with Lewy body disease (MCI-LB), 15 with possible MCI-LB and 27 with MCI with Alzheimer's disease. All underwent detailed clinical, neurological and neuropsychological assessments and FP-CIT [123I-N-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)] dopaminergic imaging. FP-CIT scans were blindly rated by a consensus panel and classified as normal or abnormal.

Results

The sensitivity of visually rated FP-CIT imaging to detect combined possible or probable MCI-LB was 54.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39.2–68.6], with a specificity of 89.0% (95% CI 70.8–97.6) and a likelihood ratio for MCI-LB of 4.9, indicating that FP-CIT may be a clinically important test in MCI where any characteristic symptoms of Lewy body (LB) disease are present. The sensitivity in probable MCI-LB was 61.0% (95% CI 42.5–77.4) and in possible MCI-LB was 40.0% (95% CI 16.4–67.7).

Conclusions

Dopaminergic imaging had high specificity at the pre-dementia stage and gave a clinically important increase in diagnostic confidence and so should be considered in all patients with MCI who have any of the diagnostic symptoms of DLB. As expected, the sensitivity was lower in MCI-LB than in established DLB, although over 50% still had an abnormal scan. Accurate diagnosis of LB disease is important to enable early optimal treatment for LB symptoms.
“Irish Nights”: Paratheatrical Performances of Melodrama on and off the Belfast Stage
Authors: Phelan Mark
Published: April 2018

Until relatively recently, melodrama has been an unfairly maligned genre of theatre history; its pejorative associations based on the prejudiced assumptions that its aesthetics of excess (in terms of its extravagant emotion, sensationalism and popularity amongst predominantly working class audiences) meant, therefore, that it was for simpletons. What Walter Benjamin excoriated as the “ancient lament that the masses seek distraction whereas art demands concentration from the spectator” fuelled bourgeois disdain for this theatrical form and the derision of theTheatrical Inquisitor’s dismissal of melodrama as “aris[ing] from an inertness in the minds of the spectators, and a wish to be amused without the slightest exertion on their own parts, or any exercise whatever of their intellectual powers” remained the dominant critical response throughout the nineteenth century. Indeed, such views continued well into the twentieth century and certainly characterized the modernist reactions of the founding figures of the Irish national theatre in this period. Frank Fay, cofounder of the National Dramatic Society, denounced both the aesthetics of Dublin's Queen's Theatre as the “home of the shoddiest kind of melodrama,” and the intelligence of its audiences who, “wouldn't,at present, understand anything else.”
“Suiting Forms to Their Conceit”: Emotion and Convention in Eighteenth-Century Tragic Acting
Authors: McGillivray Glen
Published: April 2018

When Horace wrote in Ars Poetica, “If you would have me weep, you must first feel grief yourself” (“Si vis me flere dolendum est primum ipsi tibi”), he expressed the ancient world's view that, in order to emotionally affect his audience, an orator needed to feel the emotion himself. This idea was widely subscribed to in the eighteenth century. In the modern era Konstantin Stanislavsky engaged in a sustained investigation of emotion and acting, stressing that the actor needed to experience “real feeling” in order for the audience to experience authentic emotions also. As a theory of emotional transmission, it seems like common sense. Yet, when Denis Diderot witnessed in Baron d'Holbach's salon David Garrick's parlor trick of sticking his head out between two screens, and cycling through a range of passions with his face, the great philosophe wondered whether the actor felt anything at all even though his audience, including Baron Grimm, evidently did. “Can his soul have experienced all these feelings, and played this kind of scale in concert with his face?” Diderot asked, and then answered, “I don't believe it; nor do you.” By deciding in the negative, that Garrick could not have felt anything, Diderot reveals a common fallacy of the audience: the belief that what an audience feels reflects, and is a result of, what an actor feels. The problem for Diderot, which he addressed in the Paradox of Acting (1773), was how an actor such as Garrick managed to evoke emotions in his audience when he apparently felt nothing himself.
“A Total Kindergarten”: A Conversation about Chris Dercon's Volksbühne
Authors: Pollesch René , Boyle Michael Shane
Published: April 2018

The decision to appoint Chris Dercon, director of the Tate Modern, as Frank Castorf's successor at the Volksbühne prompted an exodus of the theatre's core artistic ensemble. Chief among those who refused to stay on with Dercon at the helm was the prodigious writer and director René Pollesch.
Social Insurance as Fiscal Policy and State-Building Tool: The Development and Politics of Payroll Contributions in Israel and Canada
Authors: BÉLAND DANIEL , KOREH MICHAL
Published: April 2018

The scholarship on state-building has devoted a significant amount of attention to the role of taxation in building state institutions and capacities. It has also emphasised the crucial role of taxation in driving state-society relations. Scholars have argued that the linkage between taxation and state building also applies to the area of social policy. In this paper, we draw on a fiscal-centred perspective on welfare state development that highlights the fiscal policy role of social insurance as a revenue raising institution to study the fiscal relationship between social insurance and state-building in Israel and Canada – two ‘most dissimilar cases’ that nonetheless feature strikingly similar patterns with regard to this relationship. As our findings show, in both cases, social insurance programmes were introduced, designed, and utilized to advance fiscal and economic policy capacity and thereby promote state building. Using these programmes and the commitments they created, political actors could legitimize the generation of revenues, build institutional infrastructure for tax collection, and create capital reserves for investing in the economy.
APOEε4 and the long arm of social inequity: estimated effects of socio-economic status and sex on the timing of dementia onset
Authors: HASSELGREN CAROLINE , EKBRAND HANS , FÄSSBERG MADELEINE MELLQVIST , ZETTERGREN ANNA , ZETTERBERG HENRIK , BLENNOW KAJ , SKOOG INGMAR , HALLERÖD BJÖRN
Published: April 2018

It is well established that carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele run a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia and a strongly age-related condition known to disproportionally affect women. Low educational attainment also stands out as a prominent risk factor, and it has been suggested that occupational class plays a similar role in disease susceptibility. Not yet fully explored, however, is the question of whether socio-economic status (SES) could moderate the effect ofAPOEε4. In the present paper, we address this issue. As substantial inequities in workforce participation and educational opportunities have existed between men and women in previous generations, we further examine whether SES-related moderations of the relationship between dementia andAPOEε4 are sex-specific. Our analyses are based on a sample of 580 individuals from the H70 Birth Cohort Study and the Prospective Population Study on Women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression, and the results suggest that while high SES postpones dementia onset among maleAPOEε4 carriers, this is not the case for women. These findings underscore the long-term impact of social inequity on health as well as the importance of considering potential interactions between social and genetic risk factors if we are to understand better the complex aetiology of dementia.
Human to humanoid motion conversion for dual-arm manipulation tasks
Authors: Tomić Marija , Chevallereau Christine , Jovanović Kosta , Potkonjak Veljko , Rodić Aleksandar
Published: April 2018

A conversion process for the imitation of human dual-arm motion by a humanoid robot is presented. The conversion process consists of an imitation algorithm and an algorithm for generating human-like motion of the humanoid. The desired motions in Cartesian and joint spaces, obtained from the imitation algorithm, are used to generate the human-like motion of the humanoid. The proposed conversion process improves existing techniques and is developed with the aim to enable imitating of human motion with a humanoid robot, to perform a task with and/or without contact between hands and equipment. A comparative analysis shows that our algorithm, which takes into account the situation of marker frames and the position of joint frames, ensures more precise imitation than previously proposed methods. The results of our conversion algorithm are tested on the robot ROMEO through a complex “open/close drawer” task.
Tropical forest dynamics in unstable terrain: a case study from New Guinea
Authors: Vincent John B. , Turner Benjamin L. , Alok Clant , Novotny Vojtech , Weiblen George D. , Whitfeld Timothy J. S.
Published: April 2018

Long-term forest dynamics plots in the tropics tend to be situated on stable terrain. This study investigated forest dynamics on the north coast of New Guinea where active subduction zones are uplifting lowland basins and exposing relatively young sediments to rapid weathering. We examined forest dynamics in relation to disturbance history, topography and soil nutrients based on partial re-census of the 50-ha Wanang Forest Dynamics Plot in Papua New Guinea. The plot is relatively high in cations and phosphorus but low in nitrogen. Soil nutrients and topography accounted for 29% of variation in species composition but only 4% of variation in basal area. There were few areas of high biomass and most of the forest was comprised of small-diameter stems. Approximately 18% of the forest was less than 30 y old and the annual tree mortality rate of nearly 4% was higher than in other tropical forests in South-East Asia and the neotropics. These results support the reputation of New Guinea's forests as highly dynamic, with frequent natural disturbance. Empirical documentation of this hypothesis expands our understanding of tropical forest dynamics and suggests that geomorphology might be incorporated in models of global carbon storage especially in regions of unstable terrain.
Sharp decay estimates in a bioconvection model with quadratic degradation in bounded domains
Authors: Cao Xinru , Winkler Michael
Published: April 2018

The paper studies large time behaviour of solutions to the Keller–Segel system with quadratic degradation in a liquid environment, as given by

under Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝn, where n ≥ 1 is arbitrary. It is shown that whenever U : Ω × (0,∞) → ℝn is a bounded and sufficiently regular solenoidal vector field any non-trivial global bounded solution of (⋆) approaches the trivial equilibrium at a rate that, with respect to the norm in either of the spaces L1(Ω) and L∞(Ω), can be controlled from above and below by appropriate multiples of 1/(t + 1). This underlines that, even up to this quantitative level of accuracy, the large time behaviour in (⋆) is essentially independent not only of the particular fluid flow, but also of any effect originating from chemotactic cross-diffusion. The latter is in contrast to the corresponding Cauchy problem, for which known results show that in the n = 2 case the presence of chemotaxis can significantly enhance biomixing by reducing the respective spatial L1 norms of solutions.
The Role of Self-Esteem in Depression: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hilbert Sven , Goerigk Stephan , Padberg Frank , Nadjiri Annekatrin , Übleis Aline , Jobst Andrea , Dewald-Kaufmann Julia , Falkai Peter , Bühner Markus , Naumann Felix , Sarubin Nina
Published: April 2018

Background: Based on the vulnerability model, several studies indicate that low self-esteem seems to contribute to depressive symptoms. Aims: The aim of this study was to treat depressive symptoms in a cognitive behavioural group therapy, focusing on the enhancement of self-esteem, and to explore co-variation in depressive symptoms and the level of self-esteem. Method: The Multidimensional Self-esteem Scale (MSWS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to 147 psychiatric in-patients with current depressive symptoms due to an affective disorder (major depression, bipolar I, dysthymia). Self-esteem was measured pre-treatment (t0) and post-treatment (t4, after 5 weeks of eight group sessions); the BDI was applied weekly. A linear mixed growth analysis was conducted to estimate the change in depressive symptoms including interactions with self-esteem. Results: Within the 5 weeks of group therapy, depressive symptoms showed a linear decline, which was stronger for patients with higher gains in self-esteem between t0 and t4. Self-esteem at t0 was unrelated to the change in depression but predicted self-esteem at t4. Conclusions: Treating depressive symptoms in a cognitive behavioural group therapy in a naturalistic setting might have a positive effect on the process of recovery. Moreover, depressive symptoms and level of self-esteem seemed to co-vary.
Aurangzeb in the Perspective of Kachvāhā Literature
Authors: HORSTMANN MONIKA
Published: April 2018

The literary and genealogical accounts produced at the Kachvāhā court of Jaipur, addressing the relationship between Aurangzeb and the Kachvāhās, post-date Aurangzeb. Three of these are introduced, one of them in Sanskrit, two vernacular. While all these writings are informed by archival records, they serve the end of glorifying Kachvāhā kingship as it had started visibly defying Mughal authority from the late 1660s. The last of these accounts was written in the middle of the nineteenth century, when Jaipur was a British protectorate, and reflects an attempt to represent the sum total of Kachvāhā Rajput ethos and history at the critical point when the Jaipur state was overhauled by administrative reforms.
Acting for God? Types and Motivations of Clergy Political Activity
Authors: Glazier Rebecca A.
Published: April 2018

Clergy members are often important political actors. Yet, scholars rarely distinguish among different types of clergy political activities. Here, I argue for three disaggregated categories of clergy political activity: personal, general congregation level, and election-specific congregation level. Data from two sources—the Cooperative Clergy Study and the Little Rock Congregations Study—demonstrate that important differences exist across these categories, with the majority of model variables significantly influencing different clergy political activitiesin different directions. For instance, a conservative ideology and affiliation with a Black Protestant church both negatively influence personal political activities, like donating to a campaign, while also positively influencing election-related political activities in the congregation, like distributing voter guides. Similarly, providential religious beliefs increase general congregation-level political activities, while decreasing personal and electoral activities. These relationships are obscured when political activity is considered in the aggregate, suggesting that clergy political activities are nuanced; different activities are driven by different motivations.
Isolating the direct effects of adverse developmental conditions on in vivo cardiovascular function at adulthood: the avian model
Authors: Skeffington K. L. , Beck C. , Itani N. , Giussani D. A.
Published: April 2018

It is now well accepted that exposure to adverse environmental conditions in utero can predispose a fetus to disease later in life. Using an avian model to study the programming of disease has a unique advantage as it allows isolation of the direct effects of adverse conditions on fetal physiology, without any confounding effects via the mother or placenta. However, experiments in avian models are limited by the lack of well-established surgical protocols for the adult bird, which we have established in this study. Surgery was performed on seven young adult Bovan Brown chickens (body weight 1617±214 g, mean±s.d.) in order to instrument them with femoral arterial and venous catheters and a femoral arterial flow probe. Isoflurane and lidocaine were both found to have depressive effects on chicken cardiovascular function. Optimised methods of anaesthesia, intraoperative monitoring, surgical approach, postoperative care, and experimentation are described. Chickens recovered rapidly from surgery without significant blood gas perturbation, and basal in vivo cardiovascular studies were performed following 5 days of recovery. These techniques allow detailed investigation of avian cardiometabolic function, permitting determination of the consequences in later life of direct environmental insults to fetal physiology, isolated from additional effects on maternal physiology and/or placental endocrinology.
Lungenkrankheiten und Höhenbergsteigen
Authors: Latshang Tsogyal Daniela , Schoch Otto Dagobert
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung. Der Gesundheitszustand von Patienten mit einer vorbestehenden Lungenkrankheit wird auf unterschiedlichste Art durch die hypobare Hypoxie während eines Höhenaufenthaltes beeinflusst. Nicht alle Patienten mit vorbestehender Lungenkrankheit müssen auf das Höhenbergsteigen verzichten. Die Reise sollte aber mit grosser Sorgfalt geplant werden und insbesondere vorgängig eine ärztliche Beurteilung des Krankheitszustandes beinhalten. Es müssen genügend Medikamente, auch für den Notfall, mitgeführt werden. Alle bekannten Vorsichtsmassnahmen, die das Risiko für eine höhenassoziierte Erkrankung vermindern können, müssen bedacht und allenfalls Routenplanung und Medikation angepasst respektive ergänzt werden. In den letzten Jahren wurden grössere, randomisiert – kontrollierte Studien an Patienten mit Schlafapnoe und COPD auf moderater Höhe (1630 – 3200 m) durchgeführt, mit dem Ziel, die pathophysiologischen Auswirkungen der hypobaren Hypoxie und die optimale Therapieoption zu finden. Bei anderen Lungenerkrankungen wie Asthma bronchiale, pulmonaler Hypertonie oder diffusen parenchymatösen Lungenerkrankungen findet sich nur eine begrenzte Anzahl an Studien mit kleinen Patientenzahlen, es kann aber dennoch, unter Beachtung pathophysiologischer Überlegungen, eine Einschätzung des Gesundheitsrisikos mit Therapieempfehlungen während eines Höhenaufenthaltes abgegeben werden.
CME: Periinterventionelles Management von direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien – Abwägung von Nutzen und Risiko
Authors: Dülgeroglu Jacqueline , Schmidt Dörthe
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung. Das periprozedurale Management von direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien löst bei vielen Klinikern noch Unsicherheit aus. Dies mag daran liegen, dass mit Apixaban, Dabigatran, Edoxaban und Rivaroxaban Substanzen mit unterschiedlichen Wirkansätzen und Pharmakokinetik auf dem Markt vertreten sind. Der Umgang mit DOAK bedarf einer individuellen Risikoeinschätzung betreffend Blutungen und Thromboembolien, insbesondere im perioperativen/periinterventionellen Management. Ein Therapie-Monitoring ist im Regelfall nicht erforderlich. Situativ kann die Bestimmung der Serumkonzentration von Interesse sein. Es stehen für die einzelnen Substanzen hierfür unterschiedliche Verfahren zur Verfügung. Die Möglichkeit einer Verfälschung weiterer Gerinnungsmarker muss berücksichtigt werden. Im Falle einer schweren Blutungskomplikation muss PPSB angewendet werden. Das einzige bisweilen verfügbare Antidot stellt Praxbind® (Idarucizumab) dar. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse lassen aber mutmassen, dass zukünftig weitere Therapieoptionen auch für Substanzen, welche den Faktor Xa hemmen, bald zur Verfügung stehen werden.
Die patellare Tendinopathie
Authors: Fornaciari Paolo , Kabelitz Method , Fucentese Sandro F.
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung. Sportliche Aktivitäten mit Sprungabläufen stellen für die Kniegelenke eine mechanische Herausforderung dar. Häufig projizieren sich chronisch auftretende, atraumatische Beschwerden auf den Patellaunterpol, welcher pathomorphologisch eine patellare Tendinopathie entspricht. Extrinsische und intrinsische Risikofaktoren können unterschieden werden. In der klinischen Untersuchung zeigt sich ein meist unauffälliges Knie mit einer Druckdolenz am kaudalen Teil der Kniescheibe beim Übergang zum Ligamentum patellae. In der Bildgebung ist sonografisch ein degenerierter Sehnenanteil der tiefen Patellarsehne zu erkennen, der magnettomografisch mit Hyperintensität des Hoffa-Körpers einhergehen kann. Abhängig von der klinischen Entwicklung wird das Jumper’s Knee nach Blazina Grad I–IV eingeteilt. Bis zu 90 % der Patienten können konservativ therapiert werden. Operativ stehen offene und arthroskopische Verfahren mit ordentlichem Resultat zur Verfügung.