bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contents of matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) and complexes MMP-9/TIMP-1, MMP-2/TIMP-2, and total cholesterol in practically healthy people and patients with hypertension
Authors: Chepurnova Natalya S. , Knysh S. V. , Yushchuk V. N. , Markelova E. V. , Sanatsky K. R. , Yushchenko A. N. , Yermolitskaya M. Z.
Published: September 2023

Arterial hypertension (AH) is the most common age-associated disease among the working population. Polyetiology of AH requires a more thorough definition and study of its predictors aiming for understanding the role of external influences, as well as detection of genetic polymorphisms at early stages, in order to limit their implementation. The scientific reviews discuss the important role of abnormal vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The main factor of such alterations is the rearrangement of extracellular matrix due to matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), the zinc-dependent enzymes with a wide substrate specificity. In addition, in more than 70% of cases, AH is combined with lipid metabolism disorders, including an increase in cholesterol levels. These mechanisms should be taken into account when assessing risk factors for development of cardiovascular accidents. The role of MMP-2 and the complexes MMP- 9/ TIMP- 1, MMP-2/TIMP-2 in pathogenesis of vascular restructuring is insufficiently described in the review articles. The article presents our results of studying the system of proteolytic enzymes and the level of total cholesterol in 110 practically healthy people and 90 persons with AH aged 18 to 74 years old. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9/ TIMP- 1, MMP-2/TIMP-2 complexes in blood serum were studied by the sandwich variant of ELISA technique. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the analytical software IBM SPSS Statistics, v. 22.0.1. It was found that in the groups of women, regardless of the presence, or absence of pathology, the level of total cholesterol is higher if compared with male subjects. MMP-2 values were low both in the general group of practically healthy people, regardless of gender, and in the group of men with hypertension. Proteolytic activity of MMP-2 shows a broader substrate activity in women with hypertension. In the group of practically healthy men and women, we have registered lower levels of the studied MMP complexes and their tissue inhibitors. An imbalance in the proteolysis/antiproteolysis system is observed both in the group of hypertensive women with more pronounced effects upon migration, proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells, endothelial and inflammatory cells, thus determining formation of intima and arterial remodeling, as well as in the group of men with hypertension with predominance of remodeling factors that affects the rigidity of vascular wall.
In vitro effects of recombinant IFNα2B on the content of antigen-presenting CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+ subset of neutrophils in children with acute osteomyelitis
Authors: Nesterova I. V. , Chudilova Galina A. , Teterin Yu. V. , Chicherev E. A. , Chapurina V. N. , Tarakanov V. A. , Barova N. K.
Published: September 2023

Negative impact of S. aureus, seems to be a sufficient condition for the spread of the infectious process in the bone in acute osteomyelitis (AOM) due to its altered elimination caused by dysfunction of the immune system (IS), in particular, of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG). Correction of NG dysfunction in AOM under the influence of immunotropic substances and cytokines via modulation of the NG phenotypic subsets is of sufficient interest. Our aim was to evaluate the in vitro effects of recombinant IFNá2b on the number and phenotype of CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR-, CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+ subsets and on phagocytic function of neutrophilic granulocytes in acute osteomyelitis in children.
The study of peripheral blood (PB) samples from children aged 8-15 years was carried out as follows: patients with АOM (n = 24) comprised study group 1 (SG1), healthy children (n = 13) were included into comparison group (CG). PB samples of children with AOM were incubated with recIFNá2b (50 IU/µL, 60 min, 37 °C.) in the study group 1a (SG1a). Before and after incubation with recIFNá2b, the number of NG subsets CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR-, CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+ and the density values of receptor expression by fluorescence intensity (MFI) were also determined (FC 500, Beckman Coulter, США). Phagocytic activity of NCs was evaluated as the contents of actively phagocytic NCs (%PhAN), volume of the engulfed S. aureus (strain 209) by assessing their phagocytic number (PhN), phagocytic index (PhI). Bacterial killing was determined as the percentages of microbe digestion (%D), digestion index (DI).
The cells from AOM patients revealed a subset expressing the HLA-DR receptor – СD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+NG, which is absent in the PB of CG children. The cells with primed phenotype exhibited an increased expression density of activation receptors CD16 and CD66b. Incubation of PB in AOM with recIFNá2b led to an increased proportion of CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+ NG subset which showed active phagocytosis and improved digestion processes. The present study shows the emergence of activated subset of “long-lived” CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+ NCs in children with AOM. This subpopulation has APC features, by presenting AG to T lymphocytes, with preserved effector properties. In an in vitro experimental system, a positive effect of recIFNá2b was demonstrated, leading to an increased number of NGs of the CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+ subset and recovery of S. aureus phagocytosis by NGs, thus being promising in the future for development of new approaches to optimization of complex therapy in the postoperative period of AOM treatment, prevention of complications and the opportunity to alleviate the disorders in the immune system.
Characteristic changes of extracellular Dna levels, indices of netosis and inflammation in peripheral blood in patients with asthma
Authors: Gavrilova Elena D. , Goiman E. V. , Demchenko E. N. , Demina D. V. , Volskiy N. N. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: September 2023

Many studies have shown that the level of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood of patients with oncological diseases, sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and some rheumatic diseases significantly exceeds the value of similar index in healthy donors and is closely related to the clinical features of the disease. Systemic inflammatory response is among the most frequent pathophysiological processes along with markedly changed levels of cfDNA in blood plasma. The levels of cfDNA in blood plasma of patients with RA are shown to be closely associated with a shifted balance of helpers to the Th1-side. It is an adequate intensity index of inflammatory processes and effectiveness of therapy. At the same time, there only limited number of works concerning changes in cfDNA levels in pathological processes with predominance of Th2 lymphocytes. According to generally accepted concept, the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma is of distinct interest, being critically dependent on the production of specific antibodies controlled by activated Th2 lymphocytes. The aim of this work was to study the level of cfDNA in blood and compare its changes with intensity of NETs and inflammation in patients with asthma. The study included 20 patients with asthma, who underwent hospital treatment at the Department Allergology (Clinic of Immunopathology, RIFCI, Novosibirsk), and 10 conditionally healthy donors. We have shown that, upon admission to the clinic, the level of cfDNA in patients with asthma was significantly reduced against the control group of healthy donors. After a course of therapy, the average level of cfDNA in patients’ plasma was increased and did not differ statistically significantly from this index in controls. The data obtained for other parameters indicate that the patients with asthma did not reveal any signs of pronounced systemic inflammatory response. One should suggest that the observed changes in the level of cfDNA in blood plasma in bronchial asthma are not caused by chronic inflammatory process in lungs of these patients, but they are determined by some other pathophysiological mechanisms. It has been shown that the level of in vitro stimulated NETs in patients with asthma is higher than in healthy donors, thus being consistent with current opinions on the role of neutrophils in pathogenesis of asthma.
Expression of IL-7 receptor on Th1, Th17 lymphocytes in patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Blinova Elena A. , Angelskaya O. A. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: September 2023

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the joints, spine, and entheses that can occur in patients with psoriasis. The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis is high in Russia, in recent years there has been an increase in its incidence rates. The pathogenesis of PsA is based on the activation of Th1, Th17 cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by the cells are involved in the cascade of reactions leading to the joint deformity and bone destruction. For some autoimmune diseases associated with the Th1/Th17 response, IL-7 has been found to be involved in pathogenetic mechanisms. At the same time, IL-7 is assumed to support autoreactive T lymphocytes. Effect of the cytokine on cells is provided by the binding to a specific receptor thus causing a signal transmission into the cell and inducing the processes of differentiation, proliferation, and production of cytokines. In animal models of autoimmune diseases, usage of blocking antibodies to α-chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) was shown to cause reduced inflammation in target tissues and decreased number of infiltrating T lymphocytes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro effects of IL-7 and blockade of the α-chain of the IL-7 receptor on the contents of Th1, Th17 lymphocytes and expression of IL-7 receptor subunits on these cells in normal subjects and in psoriatic arthritis. The study included nine patients with PsA in the stage of exacerbation of the underlying disease (mean age 44±6.5 years) and 6 healthy individuals (mean age 45±2.7 years). The in vitro effects of IL-7 and specific blocking monoclonal antibodies (aCD127) was evaluated in cultures of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of IL-7 receptor subunits (CD127, CD132) and to assess cell phenotypes in peripheral blood and cultured cells. We have shown for the first time that patients with PsA have an increased number of CD127+CD132- and CD127+CD132+ cells among Th17 lymphocytes, as well as CD127+CD132-, CD127+CD132+ and CD127-CD132+ cells among Th1 lymphocytes, which suggests participation of IL-7 in maintaining these cell populations. Upon the in vitro supplement of IL-7, an increase in the Th1 cell contents and a decreased number of Th17 cells were observed, both in donors and PsA patients, and the opposite effect was observed under the conditions of IL-7R of blockade. Under the influence of IL-7, as well as with blocking antibodies, there was a significant decrease in CD127 expression on Th1, Th17 lymphocytes. However, a decrease in the number of CD127-132+ among Th1, Th17 lymphocytes occurred only following blockade with antibodies. That is, despite redistribution of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes in culture, the cells of these populations were not activated under the IL-7 receptor blockade. The obtained data may serve as a basis for choosing the IL-7 receptor as a target in the development of targeted drugs for the treatment of PsA.
Confieso, luego recibo el don de la pobreza. Sobre la teología de la pobreza de Lucio Gera
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Aponiuk Juan Cruz ,   Argentina
Published: September 2023

Una inmediata y, por ello, la tesis más mediada ideológicamente sobre la pobreza, puede simplificar la problemática al reducirla un mero concepto negativo, en tanto que falta de posesiones materiales frente a la riqueza, y así dejando de lado la posibilidad de la pobreza como una forma-de-vida radicalmente redimida y liberada. Sin embargo, el cristianismo es la fidelidad al acontecimiento histórico del empobrecimiento o kenosis de Dios, el cual ofrece una perspectiva afirmativa sobre la pobreza, tal como enseñó el Apóstol San Pablo (2 Co 8, 9). Lucio Gera en «El misterio del pobre» (1962) reflexionó en torno a la pobreza como imitatio christi y en tanto que existencial reductio in mysterium. En la pobreza, los seres humanos se encuentran sin nada y, de esta manera, acceden al misterio y al don de poseerlo todo en Dios. Gera sostuvo que si la teología busca entender y clarificar la vida la comunidad eclesiástica, debe estudiar exhaustivamente el llamado a la pobreza de tal comunidad. La intimidad entre la confesión de fe y la pobreza como vocación propia de la comunidad cristiana es una tesis teológica, metafísica y política que es necesario elucidar. El articulo estudia la relevancia de la pobreza en la obra de Lucio Gera, con especial énfasis en el primer período de sus escritos.
María como fin de la contemplación popular
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Teología, Forcat Fabricio
Published: September 2023

En América Latina, sobre todo la gente sencilla, aprendió a ver a la Virgen junto con Dios, formando parte del complejo divino que da a la vida su sentido último. De allí que se dirige a María como fin, por mandato y regalo de Cristo: «Ahí tienes a tu Madre». Una revalorización de la percepción vital del sensus fidei, que es don del Espíritu Santo, puede ayudarnos a ponderar más adecuadamente la riqueza de la aprehensión directa, que es siempre mayor que la de la expresión conceptual refleja. En este sentido, el sensus fidei es uno de los factores de desarrollo de la doctrina cristiana, que no puede explicarse recurriendo exclusivamente al modelo del razonamiento deductivo por el que de unas verdades dadas se deducen otras. El impulso que promueve esta trans-conceptualización tiene su fuente en la percepción intuitiva de la validez de las fórmulas que surgen en los esquemas conceptuales de varias culturas, y dan lugar a la adquisición de categorías nuevas que permiten una reformulación de la tradición y un progreso en el desarrollo dogmático. De allí la importancia en la vocación del teólogo a una conceptualización de esta aprehensión pre-conceptual que la diversificación de la vida teologal de los cristianos es capaz de suscitar. Sobre todo, si, en lugar de resistematizar lo ya sistematizado, es capaz de volverse atento a las expresiones que el sensus fidei siempre tiene para ofrecer al auténtico progreso de la tradición.
ŞİRKET FİNANSMANINDA HALKA ARZLAR : BORSA İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KÜÇÜKÇOLAK Recep Ali , KÜÇÜKOĞLU Sami , İLTER KÜÇÜKÇOLAK Necla
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmada işletme finansmanında halka arzları değerlendirmek amacıyla 2021 yılında halka arz olan 52 şirket ile 2022 yılı ağustos ayı dönemine kadar halka arz olan 30 adet şirketin verileri Borsa İstanbul (BİST) özelinde deskriptif yöntem ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler Kamuoyu Aydınlatma Platformu (KAP) ile şirketlerin Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu (SPK) tarafından onaylanmış izahnamelerinden elde edilmiştir. Belirlenen sonuçlara göre 2021’de gerçekleşen 52 adet şirketin halka arz edilmesinden sonra 2022 yılında ağustos ayı sonu itibariyle gerçekleşen 30 adet şirketin halka arz edilmesi 2022 yıl sonu itibariyle halka arzların 2021’e göre düşük bir ivmede gerçekleşeceğine işaret etmektedir. Halka arzlarda düşüşün global finansal piyasalardaki gelişmeler, dünya çapında artan enflasyon oranları, ekonomik büyüme oranlarındaki yavaşlama, Ukrayna’da devam eden savaş gibi koşullar altında devam edeceği ön görülmektedir.
Проєкційний метод моделювання кондуктивного переносу
Authors: Chelabchi V.M. , Tuzova I.A. , Panchenko T.D. , Starodub V.I. , Tuzov O.V. , Chelabchi V.V.
Published: September 2023

У статті розглядаються процеси кондуктивного перенесення: дифузії, фільтрації та тепла. Такі процеси досить добре описуються рівняннями Лапласа чи Пуассона з різними граничними умовами (Дирихле і Неймана). Існує досить багато чисельних методів розв'язання таких рівнянь: різницеві методи, методи кінцевих та граничних елементів. У ряді випадків існують проблеми відображення області визначення функції, коли область має складну або багатозв'язкову форми. Виходом є використання розподілених обчислень. Мета досліджень авторів – розробка універсальної методики вирішення таких завдань, інваріантних до описаних процесів та конфігурації об'єктів. Запропоновано метод суттєвого скорочення розрахункового часу за рахунок використання розподілених обчислень. Відповідно до особливостей методики вся область розбивається на кінцеву кількість локальних областей, в яких шукають рішення за умови зшивання рішень в областях. Форма локальних областей може бути різних розмірів та конфігурацій. Запропоновано оригінальний метод зшивки рішень у сусідніх локальних областях. Для оцінки ефективності запропонованої методики проведено рішення низки тестових завдань. Проводилося рішення рівняння Пуассон для областей різної форми. Отримано гарне узгодження аналітичних та чисельних рішень. Проведено також чисельне дослідження качки корпусу судна в ідеальній рідині, що не стискається. Вирішувалося завдання про вертикальні коливання прямокутного контуру на глибокій воді. Оцінка спроможності методики проводилася порівнянням результатів обчислювального та натурного експериментів.
Аналіз стану проблеми проектування рушійного комплексу «гребний гвинт-направляюча насадка» з оптимальними гідродинамічними якостями
Authors: Pechenyuk A. , Stecyuk T.
Published: September 2023

Застосування направляючих насадок є відомим способом підвищення ефективності рушійного комплексу. Для всіх суден з низькою відносною ходою гребних гвинтів, яка відповідає підвищеному питомому навантаженню в проектному режимі, встановлення насадки є вигідним. Виконано аналіз гідродинамічних явищ, що супроводжують роботу сучасних комплексів, та їхній вплив на ефективність. Наведено основні геометричні параметри комплексу, що впливають на його гідродинамічні якості. Охарактеризовано вплив зазору між краєм лопаті гвинта та внутрішньою поверхнею насадки на кінцеві втрати. Розглянуто ефект, що полягає у помітному впливі на ефективність комплексу співвідношення діаметрів вихідного та внутрішнього перерізів насадки. Викладено підходи до проектування гребного гвинта для роботи у направляючій насадці. Методи розрахунку та проєктування комплексу базуються на математичній моделі ідеального рушія, вихрової теорії гребного гвинта, експериментальних роботах у дослідних басейнах та кавітаційних трубах, чисельних методах гідродинаміки. Проаналізовано спеціально розроблені гвинти із усіченим контуром лопаті (серії Kа). Виконано порівняння ефективності комплексів зі звичайним та спеціально спроєктованим серійним гвинтом, яке не виявило явної переваги останнього. Особливості спеціального гвинта можна пояснити міркуваннями надійності роботи у насадці та технологічності. Відзначено основні недоліки, усунення або пом’якшення яких може розглядатися як перспективний напрямок подальшого вдосконалення комплексу. Проаналізовані перспективні напрямки вдосконалення комплексу, зокрема, насадки із змінним профілем перерізу (осенесиметричні), ідея яких полягає у пристосуванні до нерівномірного попутного потоку за корпусом судна; застосування гребного гвинта з криволінійною утворюючою лопаттю, що забезпечує гідродинамічне розвантаження кінців лопатей. Як перспективний напрям підвищення ефективності розглянуто розвиток способів управління прикордонним шаром на внутрішній вихідній поверхні насадки. Також відзначені традиційні способи підвищення ефективності, що можуть бути однаково застосовані до ізольованих гвинтів та гвинтів у складі комплексу.
Nitel Araştırma Yöntemine Dayalı Bir Kuramın Gelişim Süreci: Gömülü Kuram Örneği/ Development Process of a Theory Based on Qualitative Research Method: The Case of Grounded Theory
Authors: KARA Hakan , GÜL ERSÖZ Serpil , OYUR Emine
Published: September 2023

Gömülü Kuram (GK), nitel verilerin toplanması ve analizi için bir dizi sistematik prosedür aracılığıyla bir olgu hakkında tümevarımsal kuram gelişimini desteklemek için tasarlanmış genel bir araştırma metodolojisidir. Bu çalışmada, yerli alanyazında kullanımı az olduğu değerlendirilen GK, ana hatları açıklanmış ve sosyal bilimlerde kullanılabilir olduğuna yönelik araştırma konu başlıkları verilmiştir. GK’nın tarihi gelişimi içerisinde, Glaser & Strauss’un görüş ve katkılarının temelinde diğer görüş ve katkılar karşılaştırılarak olgunlaşma süreci anlatılmıştır. Değerlendirmeler için ihtiyaç duyulan bulguların elde edilmesinde nitel yönteme dayalı tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Google akademik üzerinden yabancı alanyazın taraması yapılmıştır. Yabancı alanyazında GK üzerine yapılan çalışmışlardan elde olunan bulgular, GK’nın arka planı, metodolojik tasarım, değer ve amaç, veri ve analizi, alanyazın taraması ve araştırmacı temelinde sistematize edilerek değerlendirilmiştir.
The Influence of Regional Taxes and Regional Levies Against Local Revenue Surakarta City
Authors:   Universitas Kristen Teknologi Solo, Fakultas Ekonomi, Satyawati Endang , Pramesti Hernawati ,   Universitas Kristen Teknologi Solo, Fakultas Ekonomi, Dwi Lestari Noviana ,   Universitas Kristen Teknologi Solo, Fakultas Ekonomi
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regional tax revenue and regional levies on increasing regional original income in the city of Surakarta. The data used in this research is secondary data. The research population is all reports on the realization of Regional Taxes, Regional Levies and Regional Original Revenues of the City of Surakarta. The sample of thi s research is reports on the realization of Regional Taxes, Regional Levies and Regional Original Revenues of Surakarta City every month for the 2018-2021 period. Sampling used a purposive sampling method and data analysis techniques using the t test, F test, and the Coefficient of Determination Test (R2). The results of the research for the t test show that the variables of Regional Taxes and Regional Levies have a significant effect on Regional Original Income. From the F test shows that Regional Taxes and Regional Levies have a significant joint effect on Regional Original Income. For the Surakarta City government, it can optimize existing resources to increase Regional Original Income which is useful for regional development and the welfare of the community.
Encourage Fathers’ Use of Paternal Leave in Vietnam: the Labor Contract Characteristics and Fathers’ Behavior
Authors:   University of Labour and Social Affairs, Hanoi, Vietnam, Pham Duc Trong , Ngo Anh Cuong ,   University of Labour and Social Affairs, Hanoi, Vietnam, Pham Hai Hung ,   University of Labour and Social Affairs, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: September 2023

Vietnam reformed the maternity regime in 2014, in which male employees currently paying social insurance premiums whose wives give birth to children are entitled to a maternity leave of from 5 to 14 working days. This is widely regarded as a landmark reform that has shifted the Vietnam maternity regime toward a model that is more supportive of the compatibility of work and family life. In this paper, we show that fathers' leave-taking was only about 5,2% of total male employees currently paying social insurance premiums whose wives give birth, even when fathers are on leave period, they spend very little time with their children; despite drastic changes in gender norms in Vietnam, as well as short periods of leave, may have long-lasting effects on fathers’ involvement in newborn care and housework. We also find that groups of fathers, who are cadres and civil servants, as well as those with permanent working contracts profited more strongly from changing their behavior, while self-employment and temporary work lower fathers’ chances of taking leave. Finally, we make some compelling proposals to increase the number of fathers taking parental leave.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Dispute Resolution Through Arbitration: The Potential and Challenges
Authors: Agus Agus , Sudirman Sudirman , Umar Wahyudi , Rustan Ahmad
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in dispute resolution through arbitration has become an increasingly relevant topic in the legal world. AI can speed up the process of data collection, data analysis, and provide predictions and recommendations in dispute resolution. However, the use of AI also raises some challenges and risks that need to be overcome.Purposes of the Research: This paper intends to explore the potential of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology in dispute resolution through arbitration, as well as the challenges and risks associated with its use. Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative research by analyzing various literature and regulations related to the use of AI in dispute resolution through arbitration. Results of the Research: The results showed that the use of AI in dispute resolution through arbitration can speed up the process and improve the accuracy of data analysis. However, its use also has challenges and risks such as the risk of error and the inability of AI to understand the legal nuances and human factors in the dispute resolution process. To minimize risks and ensure fairness and legal certainty in the dispute resolution process through arbitration, clear regulations and standards are needed in the use of AI. In addition, users and legal practitioners involved in the dispute resolution process through arbitration also need to improve understanding and knowledge of AI technologies.
Existence of Performing Rights: An Analysis of Implications and Orientations for Café Singers
Authors: Prayogi Akhwan , Kurniawan I Gede Agus
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Performing rights are rights attached to copyright as an integral part of the creation of a work. In the context of copyrights to songs or music, performing rights relate to the need to pay royalties to songwriters or music for attempts to use songs or music commercially.Purposes of the Research: Implications of performing rights for café singers to continue paying royalties based on statutory regulations and how the performing rights orientation for café singers is ideal in ensuring justice for songwriters or music as well as for café singers.Methods of the Research: Normative legal research with a concept and statutory approach.Results of the Research: The implications of performing rights for café singers to continue paying royalties based on statutory regulations, namely that there is no legal certainty for café singers because there is no specific regulation governing them. The performing rights orientation for café singers is ideal in ensuring justice, namely by excluding royalty payments for café singers because the commercialization impact received by café singers is not large and only sufficient to make ends meet.
Anatomical Variations of Flexor Muscles in Sole
Authors:   First Year MBBS Student, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar Hyderabad, India, Bojja Shambavi , Borra Vennela ,   First Year MBBS Student, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar Hyderabad, India, Bhingardeo Alka ,   Assistant Professor, Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar Hyderabad, India, Chandrupatla Mrudula ,   Additional Professor and Head of Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar Hyderabad, Amlan Ayush ,   First Year MBBS Student, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar Hyderabad, India, Ansari Abdul Wahid ,   First Year MBBS Student, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar Hyderabad, India
Published: September 2023

Variations in the intrinsic muscles of sole are relatively uncommon. There are 18 intrinsic and 4 extrinsic tendons in the sole of foot. These muscles are subjected to variations which are usually encountered during surgery or cadaveric dissections. During routine cadaveric dissection we came across a combination of variations in sole dissection. There was variation in number of flexor digitorum brevis and variation in the origin of flexor digitorum accessorius. The intertendinous connection between flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus was also observed. The flexor digitorum brevis muscle, in particular its fourth slip, has a significant clinical and surgical importance in medical practice. The knowledge of the frequency of flexor digitorum brevis fourth slip agenesis and variations in relation to the demographic characteristics of patients is of importance for tendon repair, tendon transfer or soft tissue reconstruction in foot surgery. The exact anatomical knowledge of crossing of Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallucis Longus in the foot is essential to facilitate tendon harvesting with less morbidity and explain possible reasons for postoperative functional loss. The understanding of variations of sole muscle is very useful to orthopedic surgeons, radiologists and podiatrists for analyzing foot function and for biomechanical modeling of the foot.
Growth Performance of Broiler Chicken Supplemented with Bacillus velezensis D01Ca and Bacillus siamensis G01Bb Isolated from Goat and Duck Microbiota
Authors: Antonio Lirio Gary , Cerado James Jr. , Esteban Jenine Tricia , Adriano Ferrer Jeffrey , Salvedia Claire
Published: September 2023

The increasing global demand for sustainable agricultural practices and the quest for food security has intensified the need for alternative solutions to promote healthy growth in farm animals. One potential strategy is the use of probiotics derived from diverse sources, which remains relatively uncharted. In this context, this study aimed to assess the probiotic potentials of Bacillus velezensis D01Ca and Bacillus siamensis G01Bb, strains sourced from the gut of ducks and goats. Using two completely randomized experimental designs with 150-day-old broiler chickens, two distinct set-ups were implemented. In the first, broilers were subjected to either a control condition, a single dose of B. velezensis D01Ca at 2.4 × 107 cfu/ml, or its double dose. The second set-up followed a similar setup, but with B. siamensis G01Bb at 2.29 × 107 cfu/ml. Throughout the 42-day trial, all broilers consumed a commercial ration ad libitum and accessed water freely, with specific groups receiving the supplemented water based on the treatment. Results show that the feed intake of broilers remained unaffected by the probiotic supplementation, with no significant difference (P≤0.05). However, broilers in the supplemented groups exhibited a noticeable increase in body weight and body weight gain when compared to the control. The feed conversion ratio, crucially, was consistent across all test groups. Conclusively, our findings suggest that B. velezensis D01Ca and B. siamensis G01Bb hold promise as viable probiotics for broiler chickens, offering potential strides toward sustainable agricultural practices and enhanced food security.
Thriving in the Entrepreneurial Landscape of Sustainability and Intelligent Automation Era
Authors: Moşteanu Narcisa Roxana
Published: September 2023

The contemporary corporate landscape is undergoing a major shift, marked by a dual transformation towards sustainability and intelligent automation. As the world faces complex social and environmental challenges, entrepreneurs find themselves at a crossroads of unprecedented opportunities and daunting challenges. This study addresses the critical point where sustainability intersects with business automation, focusing on the complicated dynamics that entrepreneurs must navigate. The main concern is the need for entrepreneurs to effectively infuse the principles of sustainability and intelligent automation into their businesses. Recognizing the growing demand for environmentally conscious products and services alongside the profound impact of automation, entrepreneurs face the pressing challenge of crafting strategies that holistically embrace these paradigms. Thus, the study aims to discern the multifaceted landscape of entrepreneurial endeavors in this context. Methodologically, a combination of qualitative interviews with experienced entrepreneurs and quantitative surveys from various industries will be used, followed by thematic analysis to highlight general patterns. The study is based on a fusion of sustainable business frameworks and technology adoption models that support the exploration of entrepreneurial resilience in the context of sustainability and automation. The outcomes include an enriched understanding of the complex interplay between these dimensions and the discovery of strategies that fuel entrepreneurial triumph. This study's exploration of the intersection of sustainability, automation and entrepreneurship resonates deeply with the principles of the green economy. By dissecting the challenges and strategies entrepreneurs use to embrace sustainability and automation, the research contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on sustainable business practices within a burgeoning green economy. The findings will assist policy makers by providing useful information to cultivate an environment conducive to sustainable, technology-based entrepreneurship.
 
Received: 8 July 2023 | Revised: 11 September 2023 | Accepted: 16 September 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that she has no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Narcisa Roxana Mosteanu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
How do people understand inequality in Chile? A study through attitude network analysis
Authors: Franetovic Gonzalo , Bertero Arturo
Published: September 2023

This article constitutes the first application of the attitude network approach to peoples' views on inequality. We adopt a network model in which nodes represent survey variables and edges their conditional associations. This allows us to conceptualize perceptions, beliefs, and judgments about inequality as a network of connected evaluative reactions. We analyze data from the 2019 ISSP Social Inequality Module for Chile, one of the most unequal countries in the world. Relying on a network approach, we systematically analyze the wide-ranging indicators measuring subjective inequality. Results show that conceptions regarding inequality, redistribution, taxation, and wages form a moderately connected unified belief system with a small-world structure. In addition, we stratify the sample by education, income, and social class, obtaining six attitude networks. We compare the structures of these networks, investigating differences in community membership, node centrality, and network connectivity, evidencing that people in lower social positions have a more multidimensional understanding of inequality. Our work contributes to social justice research by proposing an innovative conceptualization of these attitudes and providing evidence of their structural variation across different socioeconomic groups.
Assessing the Practicality of Practical Courses in Online Education
Authors: Devesh Lowe  , Bhavna Galhotra  , Sunny Seth
Published: September 2023

The delivery of education and learning experiences using the internet or other digital technologies is referred to as online education, often known as e-learning. It enables students to access learning resources, communicate with teachers, and take part in schoolwork from anywhere with an internet connection, usually from the comfort of their own homes. During the corona pandemic, there was a huge increase in enrolment in online courses. In most fields, it was established and accepted as a replacement for traditional education, but in courses involving practical topics, laboratory work, or experimental procedures, flaws were found in the methods used to convey the lessons, the practical work, and the evaluation procedures. This paper is an attempt to understand the limitations involved in online education viz technical and practical subjects. Authors have prepared an assessment on various practical based courses in different domains of education which can be delivered and evaluated using online mode. This paper also focusses on challenges involved in delivery and assessment of subjects which authors believe are not suitable for online model.
Evaluation of selected factors influencing sleep disorders in paramedics during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Marczewski Kamil Piotr , Piegza Magdalena , Gospodarczyk Natalia Justyna , Gospodarczyk Alicja Zofia , Marcinek Mateusz , Tkocz Michał , Sosada Krystyn
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Sleep disorders can develop as a result of exposure to stressors. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was an additional source of stress for paramedics, due to the fear of the unknown nature of the new pathogen. The main aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the development of sleep disorders among paramedics working during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and methods

This was a cross-sectional, anonymous, voluntary, online survey conducted on social networks among paramedics working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland from 10/11/2020 to 14/01/2021. The survey included 387 participants, the majority of whom were men (72.35%). A proprietary questionnaire and standardized scales were used to identify risk factors: Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

Results

Among all participants, there were 107 (27.65%) women and 280 (72.35%) men. Significantly higher scores of the analyzed scales were observed in the female gender. Based on the AIS scale, mild sleep disorders were found in 3.6% of women and 2.9% of men. Excessive sleepiness on the Epworth scale was assessed in more than 70% of women and 58.8% of men working in Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs).

Conclusions

The main factors influencing the development of sleep disorders were female gender, use of sleep aids and not having a life partner. In contrast, older age and longer job tenure, being married, and having good relationships with family members had a protective effect.
As práticas de governança e gestão de pessoas adotadas por Instituições Federais de Ensino
Authors: Cascaes Danielle Christiane Tiefensee , Juliani Douglas Paulesky
Published: September 2023

Este estudo objetiva identificar práticas de gestão de pessoas adotadas por Instituições Federais de Ensino (IFEs) em 2021 e possíveis inconsistências no resultado de governança e gestão de pessoas no último Levantamento Integrado de Governança e Gestão Pública do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU). A pesquisa é de natureza aplicada e quali-quantitativa. Quanto aos objetivos, a pesquisa é descritiva e utiliza os procedimentos: pesquisa documental e entrevista.  Foram entrevistados 10 servidores de unidades de gestão de pessoas de 8 IFEs. Em 75% das IFEs pesquisadas houve a validação do resultado do Levantamento do TCU de 2018. Na maioria das instituições pesquisadas o resultado foi validado, no entanto,  sugere-se que o TCU aprimore a forma de coleta dos dados. Observou-se desempenhos bastantes díspares entre as IFEs pesquisadas quanto a adoção das boas práticas de gestão de pessoas do TCU.
Evasão nos cursos de Turismo: um estudo de caso na Universidade Federal de Alagoas
Authors: Rios Mayara Vieira , Oliveira Camila Fialho de , Cruz Nicholas Joseph Tavares da , Pinto Ibsen Mateus Bittencourt Santana
Published: September 2023

A evasão nas Instituições de Ensino tem chamado a atenção dos gestores públicos devido ao seu potencial de afetar todas as áreas da sociedade. O curso de turismo apresenta altos índices de evasão no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo é de analisar o fenômeno da evasão no curso de turismo da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), entre 2013 e 2018. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de caráter exploratório, utilizando abordagem mista, levantamento de dados e questionário estruturado. Os resultados obtidos foram preocupantes, os índices de evasão e retenção têm sido elevados devido a fatores variados.
Supervisão Pedagógica e mediação de conflitos na prática dos gestores escolares em Moçambique
Authors: Mário Rogério Filipe , Huo Anfibio Zacarias
Published: September 2023

Este estudo é fruto da pesquisa subordinada a supervisão pedagógica e mediação de conflitos na prática dos gestores escolares em Moçambique, cujo objetivo central é de analisar a influência da supervisão pedagógica na gestão de conflitos pedagógicos nas escolas secundárias em Moçambique. Metodologicamente, foi usada a abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, com teor descritivo, de modo a responder aos objetivos e ao problema previamente estabelecidos. Para a coleta de dados, recorreu-se à entrevista semiestruturada, e para a sua análise, foi usada a técnica de análise de conteúdo defendida por Bardin. A amostra foi composta por 8 gestores de escolas secundárias localizadas na cidade de Maputo. Com isso, o estudo concluiu que a supervisão pedagógica assente na gestão estratégica de conflitos auxilia as partes em confronto na busca de alternativas rumo a uma solução satisfatória, permitindo que os elementos envolvidos em situações conflituosas respeitem as regras e normas de convivência e socialização a nível das escolas, em particular.
Whose Law Is It, Anyway?
Authors: Lhost Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

This chapter tracks how legal problems and questions originating outside of the courtroom intersected with state law and the colonial legal system. Litigation was only one way to solve a legal problem, and it was often costly, time-consuming, and dependent upon the expertise of paid legal professionals. As a result, individuals who were excluded from or faced disadvantages within the courts found other outlets for their legal disputes. This chapter explores the dar-ul-ifta (dār al-iftāʼ) as one of those alternative arenas and presents the mufti as a legal advisor who took complicated personal concerns and translated them into concrete steps for action. Sometimes this work involved translating colonial law into Islamic legal terms; in other instances, it required explaining the next steps for pursuing legal action through the courts; and in some cases, it meant devising ways to keep Islam and state law in productive conversation through creative reinterpretations or redeployments of statutes and legal decrees. Along the way, these muftis provided explanations, offered advice, clarified procedures, and highlighted the next steps that disputants could pursue. This chapter takes inspiration from recent scholarship in legal anthropology to trace why and how individuals approached various legal options.
Courts, Communism, and Commercialism
Authors: Moak Daniel S.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines how the changing political context of the 1940s and 1950s, and the response by individuals and coalitions to these changing conditions led to a new educational order. A changing international context, resurgent business community, shifting court doctrines, and anti-communist repression meant that the political environment greatly advantaged educational coalitions and ideas that could accommodate the changing political landscape. This political context greatly advantaged racial democrats in the civil rights movement and scientific efficiency progressives in the progressive education movement, who were able to articulate a policy agenda for education that was largely divorced from radical critiques of American political and economic structures. This coalition, united by a commitment to providing equality of educational opportunity in a free market economic system, became the dominant force in education politics.
Us versus Them, Second Edition
Authors: Little Douglas
Published: September 2023

Acclaimed historian of US–Middle East foreign relations Douglas Little examines how American presidents, policy makers, and diplomats dealt with the rise of Islamic extremism in the modern era. Focusing on White House decision-making from George H. W. Bush to Barack Obama, Little traces the transformation of the Cold War–era "Red Threat" into the "Green Threat" of radical Islam. Analyzing key episodes from the 1991 Persian Gulf War and Bill Clinton's mishandling of the Oslo peace process through the 9/11 attacks, George W. Bush's decision to invade Iraq, and the showdown with ISIS, Little shows how the threat posed by Islamic "others" shaped the Middle Eastern policies of both Democratic and Republican presidents. This second edition includes a new afterword that carries the story through the Trump administration and into the Biden presidency, focusing particularly on Afghanistan, a major trouble spot in the Muslim world that will command global attention for many years to come.
The Obama Doctrine
Authors: Little Douglas
Published: September 2023

Barack Obama inherited the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression and the most divisive war since Vietnam. Convinced that his predecessor’s policy of rogue state rollback had squandered America’s moral leadership in the Muslim world, Obama pursued a strategy of “contagement,” a complex mixture of containment and engagement, first with the Arabs and later with Iran. The recipe for contagement seemed quite simple: embrace moderates and isolate extremists; ramp down the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and ramp up the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. Implementation, however, was a nightmare, largely because engagement and containment frequently worked at cross purposes in Baghdad and Kabul and provided precious little traction in breaking the Arab-Israeli deadlock. Pursuing contagement became even more problematic after “the Arab Spring” exploded in 2011, forcing Obama to resort to covert action and remote-control drone attacks to combat Islamic radicals. Despite negotiating a landmark nuclear deal with Iran in 2015, Barack Obama eventually found himself back in the familiar world of “us versus them,” with anti-American extremist groups like the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) seemingly posing a danger as grave as anything since 1945.
Introduction
Authors: Bever Megan L.
Published: September 2023

This introduction provides an overview of the temperance movement in the US in 1861, when reformers hoped for a revival of their cause to rid the United States of liquor and drunkenness. It explains that temperance reform was not merely a northern phenomenon but existed wherever there were pockets of middle-class or evangelical teetotalers. The introduction argues that the intersection between the Civil War and the temperance movement has been understudied, and the war provides a good framework for understanding the relationship between drinking, masculinity, and patriotic duty.
The Drinking Practices of Officers and Enlisted Men
Authors: Bever Megan L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that enlisted men and officers based their own uses of liquor off of the official uses regulated by the military. The broadened definitions of medicinal drinking, exposure, and fatigue in order to drink to treat themselves when they were ill and also in order to raise their own morale. What appears on the surface as recreational drinking also served a function of steeling men against elements and the horrors of warfare. Officers and enlisted men did deviate in their drinking. Officers were allowed to keep private stores and enlisted men were not. But officers often facilitated enlisted men’s drinking by doling at rations or tacitly approving.