bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Assess Land Stability and Erosion on Mined Landforms
Authors: Nair Devika , Bellairs Sean , Evans Kenneth G.
Published: December 2024

Where mining activities cause disturbance in catchments, streams are often impacted by heavy loads of fine eroded material. Since geomorphological processes are very slow, it is expected that during rehabilitation, typically hundreds of years are required for a mine landform to return to stability. A sensitive approach to analyzing post-mining landform stability in tropical regions is to assess the quantity of fine suspended sediments (FSS = silt + clay (0.45 µm < diameter < 63 µm)) leaving the catchment where the mine resides and entering the receiving streams in response to storm events. Continuous stream discharge and FSS quantities upstream and downstream of the catchment where the mine resides were modeled using the HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Centre–Hydrologic Modeling System). Once calibrated, the model was run for a thousand years to predict continuous stream discharge and FSS quantities for various predicted rainfall scenarios. Short-term erosion and deposition across the mine catchment were also evaluated using a calibrated landform evolution model, CAESAR-Lisflood. This paper reviews watershed soil erosion measurements and modeling research leading to the abovementioned approach. This approach assesses mine landform erosion and stability in terms of fine suspended sediments. It can be used to determine mine landform erosion dynamics, predict the achievement of landform stability equilibrium, and as a post-mining rehabilitation assessment tool.
Development of a Methodology for Obtaining Solid Models of Products That Are Objects of Reverse Engineering Using the Example of the Capstone Micro-GTU C 65
Authors: Osipov Sergey , Komarov Ivan , Zlyvko Olga , Vegera Andrey , Gertsovsky George
Published: December 2024

Currently, about a thousand micro gas turbine units of small and medium capacity are in operation in the Russian Federation, which are used as an autonomous power source at critical infrastructure facilities. During long-term operation, the component parts of the micro GTU may fail and require replacement or repair. The lack of spare parts and design documentation for their production makes it impossible to operate. As a way to solve the problem, the reverse engineering process can be used to produce components. One of the stages of reverse engineering is to determine the geometric parameters of the object. The fastest and most accurate way to obtain geometric characteristics in the reverse engineering process is 3D scanning. Three-dimensional scanning technology is used to obtain a solid 3D model of the prototype surface, based on which design documentation is subsequently developed. This article presents the results of a study of the influence of the parameters of the distance between polygonal grid points and the scanner exposure on the detailing of the outer surface and the geometric parameters of the resulting polygonal model. As a result of this study, the dependence of the final file size and the time spent on scanning and processing on the distance between the points of the polygonal grid and the model was established. Based on the dependence of the parameters, recommendations were obtained for choosing the distance between the points of the polygonal grid of laser 3D scanning. Also, after performing the stages of reverse engineering, the methodology for creating solid models and design documentation of parts of power equipment units using 3D scanning technology was improved.
Engineering LiBH4-Based Materials for Advanced Hydrogen Storage: A Critical Review of Catalysis, Nanoconfinement, and Composite Design
Authors: Xu Yaohui , Zhou Yang , Li Yuting , Ashuri Maziar , Ding Zhao
Published: December 2024

Lithium borohydride (LiBH4) has emerged as a promising hydrogen storage material due to its exceptional theoretical hydrogen capacity (18.5 wt.%). However, its practical application is hindered by high dehydrogenation temperature (>400 °C), sluggish kinetics, and limited reversibility due to stable intermediate formation. This review critically analyzes recent advances in LiBH4 modification through three primary strategies: catalytic enhancement, nanostructure engineering, and reactive composite design. Advanced carbon architectures and metal oxide catalysts demonstrate significant improvements in reaction kinetics and cycling stability through interface engineering and electronic modification. Sophisticated nanostructuring approaches, including mechanochemical processing and infiltration techniques, enable precise control over material architecture and phase distribution, effectively modifying thermodynamic and kinetic properties. The development of reactive hydride composites, particularly LiBH4-MgH2 systems, provides promising pathways for thermodynamic destabilization while maintaining high capacity. Despite these advances, challenges persist in maintaining engineered structures and suppressing intermediate phases during cycling. Future developments require integrated approaches combining multiple modification strategies while addressing practical implementation requirements.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies on New 4-Aminoquinoline-Hydrazones and Isatin Hybrids as Promising Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Ubaid Ayesha , Shakir Mohd. , Ali Asghar , Khan Sobia , Alrehaili Jihad , Anwer Razique , Abid Mohammad
Published: December 2024

In response to the escalating crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), there is an urgent need to research and develop novel antibiotics. This study presents the synthesis and assessment of innovative 4-aminoquinoline-benzohydrazide-based molecular hybrids bearing aryl aldehydes (HD1-23) and substituted isatin warheads (HS1-12), characterized using multispectroscopic techniques with high purity confirmed by HRMS. The compounds were evaluated against a panel of clinically relevant antibacterial strains including the Gram-positive Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus and a Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strain. Preliminary screenings revealed that several test compounds had significant antimicrobial effects, with HD6 standing out as a promising compound. Additionally, HD6 demonstrated impressively low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of (8–128 μg/mL) against the strains B. subtilis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Upon further confirmation, HD6 not only showed bactericidal properties with low minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) such as (8 μg/mL against B. subtilis) but also displayed a synergistic effect when combined with the standard drug ciprofloxacin (CIP), highlighted by its FICI value of (0.375) against P. aeruginosa, while posing low toxicity risk. Remarkably, HD6 also inhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strain, marking it as a critical addition to our antimicrobial arsenal. Computation studies were performed to investigate the possible mechanism of action of the most potent hybrid HD6 on biofilm-causing protein (PDB ID: 7C7U). The findings suggested that HD6 exhibits favorable binding free energy, which is supported by the MD simulation studies, presumably responsible for the bacterial growth inhibition. Overall, this study provides a suitable core for further synthetic alterations for their optimization as an antibacterial agent.
Au Ordered Array Substrate for Rapid Detection and Precise Identification of Etomidate in E-Liquid Through Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Mo Yan , Zhang Xiaoping , Zou Ke , Xing Wen , Hou Xiayang , Zeng Yu , Cai Yugang , Xu Ruixiang , Zhang Hongwen , Cai Weiping
Published: December 2024

Etomidate (ET), a medical anesthetic, is increasingly being incorporated into e-liquids for consumption and abuse as a new psychoactive substance (NPS), leading to significant social issues. In this work, large-area Au micro- and nano-structured ordered arrays were engineered as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates for fast detection and precise identification of ET and its metabolites. This ordered array, characterized by abundant electromagnetic enhancement hotspots and structural uniformity, imparts unique properties to the SERS substrate, including ultra-sensitivity, spectral signal reproducibility, and precise quantitative capabilities. Furthermore, it effectively mitigates interference from the complex matrix of e-liquids, facilitating the rapid detection of trace amounts of ET molecules. This SERS rapid detection technology can act as a preliminary screening method for gold-standard spectroscopic analysis, facilitating the on-site rapid screening of suspicious samples and thereby enabling efficient detection and precise verification.
Leveraging Femtosecond Laser Ablation for Tunable Near-Infrared Optical Properties in MoS2-Gold Nanocomposites
Authors: Zavidovskiy Ilya A. , Martynov Ilya V. , Tselikov Daniil I. , Syuy Alexander V. , Popov Anton A. , Novikov Sergey M. , Kabashin Andrei V. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Tselikov Gleb I. , Volkov Valentyn S. , Bolshakov Alexey D.
Published: December 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), particularly molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), have gained significant attention in the field of optoelectronics and photonics due to their unique electronic and optical properties. The integration of TMDCs with plasmonic materials allows to tailor the optical response and offers significant advantages for photonic applications. This study presents a novel approach to synthesize MoS2-Au nanocomposites utilizing femtosecond laser ablation in liquid to achieve tunable optical properties in the near-infrared (NIR) region. By adjusting ablation and fragmentation protocols, we successfully synthesize various core–shell and core–shell–satellite nanoparticle composites, such as MoS2/MoSxOy, MoSxOy/Au, and MoS2/MoSxOy/Au. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy unveils considerable changes in the optical response of the particles depending on the fabrication regime due to structural modifications. Hybrid nanoparticles exhibit enhanced photothermal properties when subjected to NIR-I laser irradiation, demonstrating potential benefits for selective photothermal therapy. Our findings underscore that the engineered nanocomposites not only facilitate green synthesis but also pave the way for tailored therapeutic applications, highlighting their role as promising candidates in the field of nanophotonics and cancer treatment.
Management of Post-Traumatic Pseudomeningocele as Consequence of Root Nerve Avulsion: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bradaschia Leonardo , Lacatena Filippo , Vincitorio Francesca , Titolo Paolo , Battiston Bruno , Garbossa Diego , Cofano Fabio
Published: December 2024

Background: Post-traumatic pseudomeningoceles are common findings after a brachial or lumbar plexus trauma, in particular after nerve root avulsion. Unlike meningoceles, pseudomeningoceles are CSF full-filled cysts confined by the paraspinous soft tissue, along the normal nerve course, in communication with the spinal subarachnoid spaces. Normally no more than a radiological finding at MRI, in rare instances they might be symptomatic due to their size or might constitute an obstacle during a reconstructive surgery. Methods: A review of the literature was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in a time span ranging from November 1972 to May 2024. A total of five articles were found meeting the inclusion criteria. A case report at our institution was added to the case history. Results: A 30-year-old man with complete right brachial plexus nerve roots avulsion and a voluminous pseudomeningocele at the C6-C7 level after a motorcycle incident in January 2023. The pseudomeningocele covered the entirety of the injured brachial plexus. Pre-operative external lumbar drainage was utilized to prevent relapse or worsening of the already existing cerebral spinal fluid collection, with good results at 6 months. The full case report is reported in detail. Conclusions: To date, no clear guidelines about the management of post-traumatic pseudomeningoceles are reported in the literature. The lack of symptoms or signs related to them does not usually require any surgical intervention. If not, a possible management strategy with the use of an external lumbar drainage is proposed, a solution already in use in other surgical contexts with successful results in preventing CSF fistula or its relapse.
Genetic Risk, BMI Status, BMI Change Patterns, and the Risk of Steatotic Liver Disease and Liver Enzyme Elevation in Chinese Adults
Authors: Yang Juan , Tian Chan , Liu Maojie , Guo Haiyan , Lin Fei , Ding Yang , Yao Wentao , Zhang Jiahao , Fan Jingyi , Yu Chengxiao , Lu Jing , Zhang Qun
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Whether an increased genetic risk of steatotic liver disease (SLD) can be offset by maintaining a healthy weight remains unknown. We aimed to clarify the associations among the body mass index (BMI) and its change patterns with SLD and assess whether genetic susceptibility can modify these associations in Chinese people. Methods: A total of 10,091 and 6124 participants from the Health Omics Preventive Examination (HOPE) Program were enrolled in cross-sectional and follow-up analyses, respectively. BMI change patterns were defined according to the BMI at baseline and the last follow-up visit. Genetic risk was estimated using the polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, and GCKR. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: The analyses of the BMI and genetic risk simultaneously showed a dose–response association with the risk of SLD (p-trend < 0.001). Significant interactions between BMI and PRS were found for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation (p = 0.007) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation (p < 0.001). Weight loss led to a 71%, 60%, and 67% lower risk of SLD, ALT elevation, and AST elevation, compared with stable overweight/obesity. A significant interaction between the genetic risk and BMI change patterns in ALT elevation was observed (p = 0.008). The absolute risk reductions associated with weight loss were greater for participants at a high genetic risk (26.60, 12.29, and 9.31 per 100 person years for SLD, ALT elevation, and AST elevation, respectively). Conclusions: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the liver injury risk among all individuals, and the risk reduction is greater among the subset with a high genetic risk of SLD.
Using Machine Learning to Fight Child Acute Malnutrition and Predict Weight Gain During Outpatient Treatment with a Simplified Combined Protocol
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Luis Javier , Charle-Cuéllar Pilar , Gado Abdoul Aziz , Ousmane Nassirou , Hernández Candela Lucía , López-Ejeda Noemí
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Child acute malnutrition is a global public health problem, affecting 45 million children under 5 years of age. The World Health Organization recommends monitoring weight gain weekly as an indicator of the correct treatment. However, simplified protocols that do not record the weight and base diagnosis and follow-up in arm circumference at discharge are being tested in emergency settings. The present study aims to use machine learning techniques to predict weight gain based on the socio-economic characteristics at admission for the children treated under a simplified protocol in the Diffa region of Niger. Methods: The sample consists of 535 children aged 6–59 months receiving outpatient treatment for acute malnutrition, for whom information on 51 socio-economic variables was collected. First, the Variable Selection Using Random Forest (VSURF) algorithm was used to select the variables associated with weight gain. Subsequently, the dataset was partitioned into training/testing, and an ensemble model was adjusted using five algorithms for prediction, which were combined using a Random Forest meta-algorithm. Afterward, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal cut-off point for predicting the group of individuals most vulnerable to developing low weight gain. Results: The critical variables that influence weight gain are water, hygiene and sanitation, the caregiver’s employment–socio-economic level and access to treatment. The final ensemble prediction model achieved a better fit (R2 = 0.55) with respect to the individual algorithms (R2 = 0.14–0.27). An optimal cut-off point was identified to establish low weight gain, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.777 at a value of <6.5 g/kg/day. The ensemble model achieved a success rate of 84% (78/93) at the identification of individuals below <6.5 g/kg/day in the test set. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of adapting the cut-off points for weight gain to each context, as well as the practical usefulness that these techniques can have in optimizing and adapting to the treatment in humanitarian settings.
Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of the Daily Consumption of Ruminant Milk on Digestive Comfort and Nutrition in Older Women: The YUMMI Study
Authors: Ong Shien Ping , Miller Jody C. , McNabb Warren C. , Gearry Richard B. , Ware Lara M. , Mullaney Jane A. , Fraser Karl , Hort Joanne , Bayer Simone B. , Frampton Chris M. A. , Roy Nicole C.
Published: December 2024

Background: Age-related changes can lead to dietary insufficiency in older adults. The inclusion of high-quality, nutrient-dense foods such as ruminant milks can significantly improve health outcomes. However, many older adults worldwide do not meet daily milk intake recommendations because of digestive discomfort and health concerns. Ovine and caprine milks are increasingly popular for their perceived digestive and nutritional benefits. While preclinical studies suggest differences in milk digestion, human studies investigating acute postprandial responses remain inconclusive, and the impacts of sustained milk consumption remain uncertain. Objectives: Hence, we present a randomized controlled trial investigating how the sustained consumption of bovine, caprine, or ovine milk influences digestion, nutrition, and metabolism in older women. Methods: A total of 165 healthy older women were randomized to receive bovine, caprine, or ovine milk, or no milk, twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the impact of milk consumption on digestive comfort assessed via the Gastrointestinal Syndrome Rating Scale (GSRS). Secondary outcomes include changes in nutrient intake, plasma amino acid and lipid appearance, bowel habits, the gut microbiota, cardiometabolic health, physical function, physical activity, sleep, mood, sensory perception, and emotional response. Conclusions: The findings could inform dietary recommendations for older women and facilitate the development of targeted functional food products.
Effects of Precooling on Endurance Exercise Performance in the Heat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yu Laikang , Chen Zhizhou , Wu Weiliang , Xu Xinhao , Lv Yuanyuan , Li Cui
Published: December 2024

An increasing number of studies have explored the effects of precooling on endurance exercise performance in the heat, yet the available results remain inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different precooling strategies on endurance exercise performance in the heat. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and EBSCO database. The Cochrane risk assessment tool was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was subsequently conducted to quantify the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval for the effects of precooling on endurance exercise performance in the heat. Out of the initially identified 6982 search records, 15 studies were deemed eligible for meta-analysis. Our results showed that precooling significantly improved time trial (TT) performance (SMD, −0.37, p < 0.01, I2 = 0%) and time to exhaustion (TTE) performance in the heat (SMD, 0.73, p < 0.01, I2 = 50%). Further subgroup analyses revealed that external precooling is more effective in improving TT performance (SMD, −0.43, p = 0.004, I2 = 0%) and TTE performance (SMD, 1.01, p < 0.001, I2 = 48%), particularly in running-based performances (TT, SMD, −0.41, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%; TTE, SMD, 0.85, p = 0.0001, I2 = 31%). Precooling is an effective approach to improve endurance exercise performance in the heat. External precooling is more effective in improving endurance exercise performance, particularly in running-based performance.
Functional Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Blood Parameters in Diabetic Rats Following Dietary Intervention with Free or Immobilized Pediococcus acidilactici SK Cells on Pistachio Nuts
Authors: Prapa Ioanna , Yanni Amalia E. , Kompoura Vasiliki , Mitropoulou Gregoria , Panas Panayiotis , Kostomitsopoulos Nikolaos , Kourkoutas Yiannis
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The gut microbiota is linked to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), while supplementation with probiotics may result in positive alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome. This research aimed to map the changes in the gut microbiome and blood markers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after a dietary intervention with free or immobilized cells of the presumptive probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici SK on pistachio nuts. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were studied and divided into four groups (healthy or diabetic) which received the free or the immobilized P. acidilactici SK cells on pistachio nuts for 4 weeks. Blood, fecal, and intestinal tissue samples were examined. Results: The diabetic rats exhibited an elevated concentration of HDL-c, while the inflammatory IL-1β levels were significantly lower in the diabetic animals that received the immobilized cells compared to the group that received the free cells. The dietary intervention with immobilized cells led to decreased counts of fecal staphylococci and enterococci in the diabetic animals, while the diet with both free and immobilized P. acidilactici SK cells rendered levels of these populations in normal values in the feces and intestinal tissue of the diabetic animals. Noticeably, the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were elevated after the supplementation with immobilized P. acidilactici SK cells on pistachio nuts. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with P. acidilactici SK cells (in free or in immobilized form) beneficially affected the gut microbiota/microbiome of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, leading to the alleviation of dysbiosis and inflammation and control over their lipid levels.
The Role of Dietary Magnesium in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Nielsen Forrest H.
Published: December 2024

In the past 20 years, a large number of epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses have found an inverse relationship between magnesium intake or serum magnesium and cardiovascular disease, indicating that low magnesium status is associated with hypertension, coronary artery calcification, stroke, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and cardiac mortality. Controlled metabolic unit human depletion–repletion experiments found that a mild or moderate magnesium deficiency can cause physiological and metabolic changes that respond to magnesium supplementation, which indicates that these types of deficiencies or chronic latent magnesium deficiency are contributing factors to the occurrence and severity of cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms through which a mild or moderate magnesium deficiency can contribute to this risk include inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and deranged lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, and dysregulation of cellular ion channels, transporters, and signaling. Based on USA official DRIs or on suggested modified DRIs based on body weight, a large number of individuals routinely consume less magnesium than the EAR. This especially occurs in populations that do not consume recommended amounts of whole grains, pulses, and green vegetables. Thus, inadequate magnesium status contributing to cardiovascular disease is widespread, making magnesium a nutrient of public health concern.
Healthy Lifestyle Changes Improve Cortisol Levels and Liver Steatosis in MASLD Patients: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bagnato Claudia Beatrice , Bianco Antonella , Bonfiglio Caterina , Franco Isabella , Verrelli Nicola , Carella Nicola , Shahini Endrit , Zappimbulso Marianna , Giannuzzi Vito , Pesole Pasqua Letizia , Ancona Anna , Giannelli Gianluigi
Published: December 2024

Background: Steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction (MASLD) affects up to about 30% of the general adult population and is closely related to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Cortisol, a stress-related hormone contributing to hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance, also promotes progression of the disease. The study aims to investigate the impact of lifestyle modifications on cortisol levels and hepatic steatosis in patients with MASLD. Methods: In a 16-week three-arm randomized trial, 42 patients were randomly assigned to three groups who received dietary advice (CG), dietary advice combined with aerobic exercise (AE + DA), or dietary advice with high-intensity interval training (HIIT + DA). Before the start, after 2 months of intervention, and at the end of the project, medical evaluations, routine biochemical assessments, and psychological questionnaires were analyzed. At baseline and at the end of 4 months, hepatic steatosis was evaluated by Fibroscan®. Results: In the study population, severe hepatic steatosis (74%) and obesity (98%) were prevalent at the beginning of the study. A statistically significant (p-value = 0.001) reduction in circulating cortisol levels was observed over time in the two groups doing exercise, especially in HIIT + DA (p-value = 0.006). Hepatic steatosis, assessed by Fibroscan®, disappeared in 10 participants (CAP value < 248, p-value = 0.003). CAP values and waist circumference decreased in all groups, statistically significantly in the AE + DA group (p-value = 0.005; p-value = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: The study emphasizes the benefits of combining diet and exercise in managing MASLD. HIIT + DA significantly decreased cortisol levels, while AE + DA was the most potent intervention for reducing hepatic steatosis.
Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Eating Behaviours in Individuals with Obesity
Authors: Feraco Alessandra , Armani Andrea , Gorini Stefania , Camajani Elisabetta , Quattrini Chiara , Filardi Tiziana , Karav Sercan , Strollo Rocky , Caprio Massimiliano , Lombardo Mauro
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a global health problem with significant chronic disease risks. This study examined gender differences in eating behaviour, body composition, eating frequency and time of hunger in an Italian cohort with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) to inform gender-specific management strategies. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 720 adults (51.5% female, mean age 44.4 ± 13.8 years) assessed body composition and eating behaviour using principal component analysis (PCA) to classify eating profiles (structured, irregular, social and disordered/impulsive eaters). Results: Males showed higher weight, abdominal circumference and fat mass, while females showed higher fat mass percentages (p < 0.001). Gender differences were observed in the frequency of meals (e.g., 54.7% of males and 64.7% of females consumed 4–5 meals per day, p = 0.0018) and the time of hunger (males: before dinner; females: morning hunger, p = 0.005). The PCA profiles revealed that the ‘structured eaters’ had a healthier body composition, whereas the ‘disordered/impulsive eaters’ had a higher fat mass. Irregular eaters were predominantly male (41.0%), while disordered eaters were predominantly female (39.9%) (p = 0.0016). Conclusions: Gender-specific eating patterns influence obesity outcomes. Structured eating was associated with healthier profiles, whereas impulsive or irregular patterns were related to higher fat mass. The retrospective design and non-validated questionnaire for dietary behaviour assessment limit generalisability, warranting further research for tailored interventions. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06654674).
Eliminating Digestive Irregularities Caused by Late Effects: A Pilot Study of an Innovative Culinary Nutrition Intervention for Reducing Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Gynecologic Cancer Patients Who Have Undergone Pelvic Radiotherapy
Authors: Pritlove Cheryl , Capone Geremy , Ramasamy Mathankki , Avery Lisa , Fierini Daniela , Ferguson Sarah E. , Han Kathy , Jones Jennifer M.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Pelvic radiotherapy (RT) improves survival in gynecologic cancer patients but often results in gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, affecting quality of life. Standard nutrition guidance lacks specificity for these survivors, complicating dietary choices. To address this gap, the EDIBLE intervention was developed to offer structured dietary self-management skills to alleviate RT-induced GI toxicity. Methods: We conducted a single-arm mixed-methods pilot of the EDIBLE intervention among post-treatment gynecologic cancer survivors to assess its feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects on GI symptoms, knowledge, and self-efficacy, with measures at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2), and after 3 months (T3). Results: Qualitative interviews supported strong perceptions of intervention feasibility; however, the recruitment (32%) and retention (72%) rates were modest, indicating that alternate formats for program delivery may be needed to make it more accessible. The acceptability of the EDIBLE intervention garnered especially high ratings on measures of satisfaction and utility, with program improvements largely rallying around a desire for increased in-class sessions and program expansion. Statistically significant improvements were observed at the three-month mark (T3), such as enhanced confidence in culinary practices, increased knowledge and skills with regard to managing GI side effects, and improvements in bowel and GI symptoms. Conclusions: The results suggest EDIBLE is acceptable, improving GI symptoms and self-efficacy; however, moderate recruitment rates indicate refinement is needed. A randomized control trial and cost-effectiveness analysis is needed to confirm effectiveness and scalability.
Individualized Care in Nursing Homes Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: García-Camacha Gutiérrez Aurora , García-Camacha Gutiérrez Irene , Suhonen Riitta , Rodríguez-Martín Beatriz
Published: December 2024

Background: Individualizing care is the essence of nursing, and its benefits have been extensively proven in older people. The changes arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected it. The aim of this study is to analyze the changes produced in the perceptions about the individualization of care, quality of life, and care environment of elderly people living in long-term care centers before and after the pandemic. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out. For data collection, the Individualized Care Scale-patient, the EuroQol-5D scale, and a reduced version of the Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix test were used, and a statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of 177 people participated in the study, with 87 pre-COVID-19 and 90 post-COVID-19, 62.7% of whom were women. The average age was 83.3 years. General activities of the individualized care obtained medians of 4, 2.5, and 3 (out of 5) in clinical situation, personal life situation, and decisional control dimensions, respectively, and no substantial change was observed pre- and post-pandemic. Nevertheless, 10 out of 17 items related with the maintenance of individuality in the last shift were higher rated after COVID-19. They are mainly related to the feelings and needs of care, daily life activities, and the expression of opinions. The median of all items was 3 despite the improvement observed after the pandemic. Residents scored an average of 6.47 points (out of 10) in the life quality self-evaluation and were satisfied with the care environment (94%). Patients with higher life quality and adherence to their environment perceived better care. Conclusions: Although slight improvements were observed in the individualized care after the pandemic, the obtained results revealed that there is still room for improvement. Particularly, it is necessary to develop strategies aimed at motivating the family participation or providing individual spaces in the residences.
Antioxidant Capacity and Cardiovascular Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables: A Proposal for Comparative Scales
Authors: Oliveira André , Lameiras Jorge , Mendes-Moreira Pedro , Botelho Goreti
Published: December 2024

Fruits and vegetables are sources of natural nutraceuticals. They contain a variety of bioactive compounds such as vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and other phytochemicals that contribute to their health-promoting properties and disease prevention. A wide variety of fruits and vegetables should be eaten to ensure that an individual’s diet includes a combination of phytonutraceuticals and to obtain all their health benefits. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant potential and cardiovascular benefits within a restricted sample of ten fruits and ten vegetables, previously reported as largely consumed in Portugal. With data available from the literature, antioxidant potential scales were established. Additionally, a set of seven criteria, including high antioxidant capacity (FRAP values above 1), presence of n-3 fatty acids, saturated fat, cholesterol, trans fatty acids, fiber and sodium was used to create comparative scales of their potential cardiovascular benefits. The main results showed that the fruits that simultaneously exhibited the highest antioxidant potential values and the highest cardiovascular potential benefit were lemon, grapes, and melon; among vegetables, the top rankings were found to be tomato and onion. These products have been recognized as interesting sources of natural nutraceuticals for the food and pharmaceutical industries. In the future, similar approaches are desirable to translate complex scientific data into practical, simple and user-friendly information for food literacy initiatives, including nutrition education materials, about the relative level of the potential cardiovascular benefits of a wide diversity of food products.
Growth Rates and Specific Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases Activities in Clupea harengus Larvae
Authors: Herrera Inma , Yebra Lidia , Santana-del-Pino Ángelo , Hernández-León Santiago
Published: December 2024

Gaining robust in situ estimates of the growth rate of marine fish larvae is essential for understanding processes controlling year-class success and developing sustainable management strategies to maintain good environmental status. We measured the growth rate of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) larvae in the laboratory and compared it to the activity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS). Larvae were reared under controlled conditions for 20 days at three temperatures (7, 12, and 17 °C) using different prey concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 2 prey·mL−1) of the copepod Acartia tonsa. The relationship between specific growth rates (SGR) and specific AARS activities was best described by a linear function—SGR = −0.1031 + 0.0017 · spAARS, r2 = 0.71, p < 0.05—when only larvae fed ad libitum were considered regardless of the temperature. When larvae fed with low concentrations of food were included in the analysis, the relationship was SGR = −0.0332 + 0.0010 · spAARS, r2 = 0.42, p < 0.05. This latter slope was rather low compared to other studies performed in zooplankton. We suggest protein degradation during the early life stages of fish as the cause of this low slope. We also studied SGR under food deprivation and the effect on specific AARS activities. We found rather high specific AARS activities in small individuals of early stages of fish, also suggesting protein degradation. Further research about protein degradation and turnover rates is needed in order to use AARS activity as a proxy for growth rates in field-caught larvae.
Non-[18F]FDG PET-Radiopharmaceuticals in Oncology
Authors: Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia , Pan Leyun , Sachpekidis Christos
Published: December 2024

Molecular imaging is a growing field, driven by technological advances, such as the improvement of PET-CT scanners through the introduction of digital detectors and scanners with an extended field of view, resulting in much higher sensitivity and a variety of new specific radiopharmaceuticals that allow the visualization of specific molecular pathways and even theragnostic approaches. In oncology, the development of dedicated tracers is crucial for personalized therapeutic approaches. Novel peptides allow the visualization of many different targets, such as PD-1 and PD-L1 expression, chemokine expression, HER expression, T-cell imaging, microenvironmental imaging, such as FAP imaging, and many more. In this article, we review recent advances in the development of non-[18F]FDG PET radiopharmaceuticals and their current clinical applications in oncology, as well as some future aspects.
Research and Clinical Practice Involving the Use of Cannabis Products, with Emphasis on Cannabidiol: A Narrative Review
Authors: Simei João Luís Q. , Souza José Diogo R. , Pedrazzi João Francisco , Guimarães Francisco S. , Campos Alline Cristina , Zuardi Antônio , Hallak Jaime Eduardo C. , Crippa José Alexandre S.
Published: December 2024

Background: Emerging evidence supports cannabidiol (CBD) as a promising therapeutic compound for various health conditions, despite its approval as a medication (product for medical purposes) remaining restricted to a limited range of clinical indications. Simultaneously, the regulation of cannabis-derived products for medicinal and recreational use has expanded their global market availability to meet local community demands. This scenario presents a complex challenge for clinicians, researchers, and industry, as the global appeal of therapeutic uses of CBD is growing more rapidly than the scientific evidence supporting its safety and effectiveness. Outcomes: A narrative review was conducted to discuss the best evidence regarding the pharmacological profile of CBD, its efficacy, and safety within the context of regulation and perspectives on the development of new cannabinoid-based drugs. Key articles addressing the various facets of this issue were selected for comprehensive analysis. Conclusions: Clinicians and researchers may face unique challenges in understanding the pharmacological profile of CBD and the prospects for developing its clinical indications, given the heterogeneity of clinical terminologies and the quality and composition of cannabis-based medical products available on the market. More basic and clinical research that complies with regulatory agencies’ testing guidelines, such as good manufacturing practices (GMPs), good laboratory practices (GLPs), and good clinical practices (GCPs), is needed to obtain approval for CBD or any other cannabinoid as a therapeutic for broader clinical indications.
Nanocrystals in Dermal Drug Delivery: A Breakthrough for Enhanced Skin Penetration and Targeted Skin Disorder Treatments
Authors: Alnaim Ahmed S.
Published: December 2024

One of the major challenges in dermal drug delivery is the adequate penetration of the active compound into the skin without causing any skin irritation and inflammation. Nanocrystals (NCs) are nanoscale particles, and their sizes are below 1000 nm. NCs are made up of drug particles only, which are used to improve the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. NCs are typically prepared either by bottom-up or top-down techniques. The advantages of using NC-based formulations in enhancing dermal drug delivery include increased drug loading capacity, easier and deeper penetration into the skin tissue, and increased passive diffusion. NC-based formulations with the capacity of enhanced dermal drug delivery can be effectively used to treat a wide range of skin disorders, including melanoma, inflammation, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, bacterial infections, fungal infections, eczema, skin aging, herpes simplex virus infections, skin manifestations of tick bites, frostbite-related infections, hyperpigmentation, and diabetic foot ulcer. In this review, major challenges in dermal drug delivery across the skin barrier, mechanism of action of dermal NCs, advantages of using NCs in enhancing dermal drug delivery, NC preparation methods, and applications of NCs in the treatment of various skin disorders have been discussed.
Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer: Principles, State of the Art, and Future Directions
Authors: Krysko Dmitri V. , Balalaeva Irina V. , Mishchenko Tatiana A.
Published: December 2024

Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a potent strategy for the treatment of many types of cancer [...]
Exploring the Influence of Planting Densities and Mulching Types on Photosynthetic Activity, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Chlorophyll Content and Their Relationship to Yield of Maize
Authors: Zhao Li , Zhang Chang , Liang Min , Chen Pei , Anwar Sumera , Fan Mingyuan , Xie Guangming , Wang Chuangyun
Published: December 2024

High-density maize cultivation can enhance yield, but water scarcity on the Loess Plateau may limit this potential. Mulching is a sustainable practice that conserves soil moisture, yet limited studies exist on the combined effects of planting densities and mulching types on maize performance in this region. Over two years, an experiment investigated the effects of mulching (no mulching (NM), plastic film mulching (PM), and straw mulching (SM)) at various densities (60,000 to 90,000 plants ha−1). The results showed that mulching significantly improved grain yield and other metrics compared to NM. PM and SM enhanced yields notably at 75,000 plants ha−1, while NM was more favorable at 67,500 plants ha−1. Physiological responses varied with density, showing a decreased photosynthesis rate alongside an increased transpiration rate. PM exhibited a 32 and 13% increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, while malondialdehyde content was reduced by 7% compared to NM. The average of both years indicates that PM significantly increased the grain yield, net photosynthesis rate, and chlorophyll content by 5.8, 26.8, and 26.9%, while SM showed a 3, 12, and 12% increase, respectively, compared to NM. In conclusion, the combination of mulching and optimized planting density could enhance maize cultivation in the Loess Plateau.
Vibration Behavior of 3D-Printed Graded Composites: Fabrication and Testing
Authors: Khan Fazeel , Singh Kumar , Carter Justin
Published: December 2024

Multi-head 3D printers afford the ability to create composite structures with significant differences in properties compared to those created through traditional molding techniques. In addition to the usage of different viscoelastic polymeric materials, the selective spatial placement of the build materials enables the creation of layered and graded geometries to achieve specific mechanical and/or vibrational characteristics. This paper describes how the mechanical properties of the individual materials can be used to predict the damping and natural frequencies of a 3D-printed graded structure. Such structures can find usage in rotating machinery, beams, etc., where vibrational characteristics must be controlled. The simulation and experimental results are presented and two forms of the storage and loss modulus are considered: fixed and variable. For the latter condition, E′ and E″ are established as functions of temperature and frequency. Modal vibration testing of the graded samples shows a good match between the simulation and experimental trials, thereby supporting the proposed model as a useful tool for prescribing the structure of a printed part with tailored dynamic properties.
Collagen-Based Scaffolds for Volumetric Muscle Loss Regeneration
Authors: Luss Anna L. , Bobrova Maria M. , Kulikov Pavel P. , Keskinov Anton A.
Published: December 2024

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a serious problem in healthcare that requires innovative solutions. Collagen and its derivatives are promising biomaterials for muscle tissue replacement due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of toxicity. This review comprehensively discusses collagen from various sources, its structural characteristics, cross-linking methods to obtain hydrogels, and approaches to incorporating various therapeutic molecules to create a biocomposite system with controlled release. Collagen-based scaffolds are promising constructs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They can both perform their function independently and act as a depot for various biologically active substances (drugs, growth factors, genetic material, etc.). Collagen-based scaffolds for muscle volume restoration are three-dimensional constructs that support cell adhesion and proliferation and provide controlled release of therapeutic molecules. Various mechanical and biological properties of scaffolds can be achieved by cross-linking agents and bioactive molecules incorporated into the structure. This review highlights recent studies on collagen-based hydrogels for restoration of volumetric muscle loss.
Optimization of Compression Molding Parameters and Lifecycle Carbon Impact Assessment of Bamboo Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Li Wei , Feng Tao , Lu Tongyuan , Zhao Feng , Zhao Jialong , Guo Wei , Hua Lin
Published: December 2024

Driven by global carbon neutrality goals, bamboo fiber-reinforced PP composites have shown significant potential for automotive applications due to their renewability, low carbon emissions, and superior mechanical properties. However, the environmental complexities associated with compression molding process parameters, which impact material properties and carbon emissions, pose challenges for large-scale adoption. This study systematically optimized the compression molding process of bamboo fiber-reinforced PP composites through a three-factor, five-level experimental design, focusing on preheating temperature, preheating time, and holding time. Additionally, an innovative life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact. The results indicated that at a preheating temperature of 220 °C, preheating time of 210–240 s, and holding time of 40–50 s, the material achieved a tensile strength of 35 MPa and a flexural strength of 45 MPa, with a 15% reduction in water absorption. The LCA further highlighted energy consumption, the compression molding process, and material composition as the primary contributors to carbon emissions and environmental impacts, identifying key areas for future optimization. This study provides an optimized framework for compression molding bamboo fiber-reinforced PP composites and establishes a theoretical foundation for their low-carbon application in the automotive industry. Future work will explore the optimization of bamboo fiber content and process parameters to further enhance material performance and reduce environmental impact.