bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Monitoring System to Understand Preparation Processes of Rainfall‐Induced Landslides Estimation of Slip Surface and In Situ Observation Using Electromagnetic Methods
Authors: YAMAZAKI TOMOHIRO , HATTORI KATSUMI , KANEDA HEITARO , SAKAI HIDEO , IZUMI YOSHINORI , TERAJIMA TOMOMI
Published: September 2017

In order to mitigate landslide risks, monitoring of ground water is essential. Previous indoor experiments suggest that the self‐potential approach has an advantage to establish the early warning system in performance to detect related signals and in cost. To evaluate results obtained from the previous indoor experiments, in situ measurements are required. To achieve this, we selected a test slope at Nishiikawa, Tokushima, Japan and we performed preliminary electrical resistivity exploration (ERT) and core‐sampling. The results of ERT show that there are low resistive areas in shallow depth (<3 m). The core‐sampling results also indicate that there exists the structure which corresponds to slip surface. In addition, anisotropy in magnetic susceptibility was examined and the samples around the estimated slip surface region provide the oblate ellipsoid characteristics. These results of ERT and core analyses are consistent and make convince the identification of the slip surface. Based on these preliminary results, we set up the in situ self‐potential observation at the slope and started measurements.
Virtual Feedback Reference Tuning Using Closed Loop Step Response Data in Frequency Domain
Authors: MASUDA SHIRO , KONG XIANDA , UDAGATA KOKI , MATSUI YOSHIHIRO
Published: September 2017

The paper gives a controller tuning method using a virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT) approach in frequency domain. While the original VRFT uses a data‐driven performance index based on input/output data directly, the proposed one derives a frequency domain performance index based on the Fourier transformation of one‐shot experimental input‐output data. The frequency domain performance index enables the optimal prefilter to be straightforwardly designed without using the spectral density of the collected input signal. Hence, the proposed one outperforms the original one when the input and output data are collected from the closed loop step response. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through a numerical example.
Proposal of an Encoded Marker for Working Robots: An Encoded Marker Easy to Detect in Various Positions and under Blur
Authors: KOBORI NORIMASA , DEGUCHI DAISUKE , IDE ICHIRO , MURASE HIROSHI
Published: September 2017

It is becoming important for working robots to be able to identify and pick objects in various tasks. As in the recent Amazon Picking Challenge, using a marker for the picking task is a more practicable approach. However, a common maker code for working robots does not exist so far. Conventional maker codes as represented by QR code or ARToolKit marker cannot be reliably detected from various viewpoints. Thus, in this paper, we propose a new encoded marker which is flexible to the marker's position and blur. The proposed marker can be detected by an approach based on the scale space theory independent from such conditions. In addition, the representation of data by M‐sequence makes the encoded marker robust to blur. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed marker compared to the ARToolKit marker. Since the marker is more robust against ground clutter noise, various positions of markers and blur, it is more practicable.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Directing‐Group‐Assisted Aldehydic C–H Arylations with Aryl Halides
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Ramakrishna Boddu S.
Published: September 2017

A rhodium‐catalyzed general protocol for the directing‐group‐assisted arylation of aromatic aldehydic C–H bonds was developed. This method involves either hydroxy‐ or amino‐group‐directed aldehyde C–H arylation with various aryl halides. A broad synthetic scope for the preparation of 2‐hydroxybenzophenones was established with electronically variant salicylaldehydes and aryl halides with chemo‐ and regioselective possibilities. The developed protocol was also applied in the synthesis of medicinally important 3‐salicyloylpyridines in high yields.
Geomorphology under ice streams: Moving from form to process
Authors: Stokes Chris R.
Published: September 2017

Ice streams are integral components of an ice sheet's mass balance and directly impact on sea level. Their flow is governed by processes at the ice‐bed interface which create landforms that, in turn, modulate ice stream dynamics through their influence on bed topography and basal shear stresses. Thus, ice stream geomorphology is critical to understanding and modelling ice streams and ice sheet dynamics. This paper reviews developments in our understanding of ice stream geomorphology from a historical perspective, with a focus on the extent to which studies of modern and palaeo‐ice streams have converged to take us from a position of near‐complete ignorance to a detailed understanding of their bed morphology. During the 1970s and 1980s, our knowledge was limited and largely gleaned from geophysical investigations of modern ice stream beds in Antarctica. Very few palaeo‐ice streams had been identified with any confidence. During the 1990s, however, glacial geomorphologists began to recognise their distinctive geomorphology, which included distinct patterns of highly elongated mega‐scale glacial lineations, ice stream shear margin moraines, and major sedimentary depocentres. However, studying relict features could say little about the time‐scales over which this geomorphology evolved and under what glaciological conditions. This began to be addressed in the early 2000s, through continued efforts to scrutinise modern ice stream beds at higher resolution, but our current understanding of how landforms relate to processes remains subject to large uncertainties, particularly in relation to the mechanisms and time‐scales of sediment erosion, transport and deposition, and how these lead to the growth and decay of subglacial bedforms. This represents the next key challenge and will require even closer cooperation between glaciology, glacial geomorphology, sedimentology, and numerical modelling, together with more sophisticated methods to quantify and analyse the anticipated growth of geomorphological data from beneath active ice streams. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Wood Pole Strength and Loading—Key to Resiliency, Require Programs
Authors: Bingel Nelson G.
Published: September 2017

The destruction and service interruptions caused during Hurricane Sandy in 2012 brought national attention to the resiliency of the electric grid and telecommunication systems. The Department of Energy, the Office of Electric Reliability, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, among others, are looking at developing resiliency metrics for system performance in major weather events.
Gas and Electric Reliability Assured in Short Term
Authors:   FERC Staff
Published: September 2017

The National Electric Reliability Council (NERC) anticipates that power resources will be able to meet the reference margin levels in most Assessment Areas this summer. The anticipated reserve margin in ISO‐NE is projected to be 14.88 percent, which is slightly below their Reference Margin Level of 15.1 percent.
Extreme chromosome 17 copy number instability is a prognostic factor in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Birkness Jacqueline E. , Spada Neal G. , Miller Caitlyn , Luketich James D. , Nason Katie S. , Sun Weijing , Davison Jon M.
Published: September 2017

Gastric and esophageal cancers frequently show genomic instability and aneuploidy. Chromosomal copy number instability (CIN) is a form of genomic instability that exerts pleiotropic effects on cellular biology and is a source of genetic heterogeneity in a population of cells. CIN results in cell‐to‐cell variation in chromosome copy number which can be detected and quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). CIN is a biomarker associated with differential response to a number of chemotherapy compounds. We quantified chromosome 17 copy number instability (CIN‐17) in 348 gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas by centromeric FISH in cases that were tested for HER2 amplification. We evaluated the association between CIN‐17 and clinical outcome after surgical and nonsurgical treatment. CIN‐17 was detected in 45.4% (158/348) and extreme CIN‐17 in 28.4% (99/348). Extreme CIN‐17 had no association with outcome in surgically treated patients. However, in patients treated with conventional radiation and/or chemotherapy, extreme CIN‐17 was associated with 55% reduction in overall mortality (hazard ratio, 0.448; 95% confidence interval, 0.263–0.763) after adjusting for age and clinical stage at diagnosis. Extreme CIN‐17 is detected in over a quarter of gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas and is a favorable prognostic marker in patients treated nonoperatively.
Analysis of cancer gene expression data with an assisted robust marker identification approach
Authors: Chai Hao , Shi Xingjie , Zhang Qingzhao , Zhao Qing , Huang Yuan , Ma Shuangge
Published: September 2017

Gene expression (GE) studies have been playing a critical role in cancer research. Despite tremendous effort, the analysis results are still often unsatisfactory, because of the weak signals and high data dimensionality. Analysis is often further challenged by the long‐tailed distributions of the outcome variables. In recent multidimensional studies, data have been collected on GEs as well as their regulators (e.g., copy number alterations (CNAs), methylation, and microRNAs), which can provide additional information on the associations between GEs and cancer outcomes. In this study, we develop an ARMI (assisted robust marker identification) approach for analyzing cancer studies with measurements on GEs as well as regulators. The proposed approach borrows information from regulators and can be more effective than analyzing GE data alone. A robust objective function is adopted to accommodate long‐tailed distributions. Marker identification is effectively realized using penalization. The proposed approach has an intuitive formulation and is computationally much affordable. Simulation shows its satisfactory performance under a variety of settings. TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data on melanoma and lung cancer are analyzed, which leads to biologically plausible marker identification and superior prediction.
Geochronological and geochemical signatures of the granitic rocks emplaced at the north‐eastern fringe of the Eastern Dharwar Craton, South India: Implications for late Archean crustal growth
Authors: Mukherjee Sneha , Ghosh Gautam , Das Kaushik , Bose Sankar , Hayasaka Yasutaka
Published: September 2017

Geochemical and zircon U–Pb age data on granites of the Chitrial area, situated at the NE part of the Eastern Dharwar Craton, are presented to elucidate their petrogenesis, time(s) of emplacement, and role in crust formation. Based on field and geochemical characters, these granites are classified as alkali feldspar/monzo‐granite. Whole‐rock data of selected samples show evolved calc‐alkaline and peraluminous characters with high SiO2, K2O, large‐ion lithophile element, and light rare earth elements (LREE), depleted heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and strongly negative Eu anomaly. One sample shows slightly different character with low SiO2, enriched light rare earth elements, and depleted heavy rare earth elements without Eu anomaly. Geochemical analyses suggest that the rocks are S‐type granite with syn‐collisional and volcanic arc signatures. These granites define a coherent trend favouring low pressure crystallization of the magma. U–Pb zircon data show that the crystallization ages of the granites vary within 2514 ± 10 to 2525 ± 24 Ma. The geodynamic evolution of the Eastern Dharwar Craton is discussed wherein subduction and deep burial of sediment is envisaged to cause partial melting and granite genesis in the craton.
Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and the role of lenalidomide in patients affected by poems syndrome
Authors: Autore Francesco , Innocenti Idanna , Luigetti Marco , Piccirillo Nicola , Sora Federica , Chiusolo Patrizia , Sica Simona , Bacigalupo Andrea , Laurenti Luca
Published: September 2017

POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic condition, with a poorly understood pathogenesis. High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been reported to be an effective therapeutic option for patients with good performance status. Here, we review the role of ASCT for POEMS syndrome and discuss indications together with advantages and disadvantages, and related issues such lenalidomide given before or after ASCT, VEGF levels as a marker of disease, and different regimens for stem cell mobilization.
Three‐dimensional boundary layer flow over a rotating disk with power‐law stretching in a nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Chen Hui , Chen Jiayang , Geng Yao , Chen Kai
Published: September 2017

The nanofluid model containing microorganisms over a rotating disk with power‐law stretching is constructed in this paper. The combined effects of nanoparticles and microorganisms in nanofluid are investigated by solving the governing equations numerically. The numerical solutions of the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are in agreement with the corresponding previously published results. The quantities of physical interest are graphically presented and discussed in detail. It is found that the power‐law stretching index has produced profound influence on the flow as well as the heat and mass transfer.
Patterns in the linkage of water quantity and quality during low‐flows
Authors: Hellwig Jost , Stahl Kerstin , Lange Jens
Published: September 2017

This study investigates 72 catchments across the federal state of Baden‐Wuerttemberg, Germany, for changes in water quality during low‐flow events. Data from the state's water quality monitoring network provided seven water quality parameters (water temperature, electrical conductivity, concentrations of chloride, sodium, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate), which were statistically related to streamflow variability. Water temperature changes during low‐flow showed seasonal dependence. Nitrate concentrations revealed high spatial heterogeneity with about one third of the stations showing decreasing values during low discharge. For most other parameters, concentrations increased during low‐flow. Despite consistent trend directions, the magnitudes of changes with streamflow differed markedly across the state. Both multiple linear regression and a multiple analysis of variances were applied to explain these differences with the help of catchment characteristics. Results indicated that for sulfate and conductivity, geology of the catchments was the most important control, whereas for chloride, sodium, and nitrate, sewage treatment plants had the largest influence. For phosphate, no clear control could be identified. Independent from the applied method, land use was a less important control on river water quality during low‐flow than geology or inflow from sewage treatment plants. These results show that the effects of diffuse and point sources, as well as those of natural and anthropogenic sources differ for different water quality parameters. Overall, a high diversity of potential water quality deterioration signals needs to be considered when the ecological status of rivers is to be protected during low‐flow events.
Modelling impacts of agricultural practice on flood peaks in upland catchments: An application of the distributed TOPMODEL
Authors: Gao Jihui , Holden Joseph , Kirkby Mike
Published: September 2017

Upland agricultural land management activities such as grazing, vegetation burning, and bare ground restoration impact hydrological elements of headwater catchments, many of which may be important for downstream flood peaks (e.g., overland flow and soil water storage). However, there is poor understanding of how these management practices affect river flow peaks during high magnitude rainfall events. Using the distributed TOPMODEL, spatial configurations of land management were modelled to predict flood response in an upland catchment, which contains different regions operating subsidized agricultural stewardship schemes. Heavy grazing leading to soil compaction and loss of vegetation cover in stewardship regions covering 79.8% of the catchment gave a 42‐min earlier flow peak, which was 82.2% higher (under a 1‐hr 15‐mm storm) than the current simulated hydrograph. Light grazing over the same regions of the catchment had much less influence on river flow peaks (18 min earlier and 32.9% increase). Rotational burning (covering 8.8% of the catchment), most of which is located in the headwater areas, increased the peak by 3.2% in the same rainfall event. Vegetation restoration with either Eriophorum or Sphagnum (higher density) in bare areas (5.8%) of the catchment provided a reduction of flood peak (3.9% and 5.2% in the 15‐mm storm event), whereas the same total area revegetated with Sphagnum in riparian regions delivered a much larger decrease (15.0%) in river flow peaks. We show that changes of vegetation cover in highly sensitive areas (e.g., near‐stream zones) generate large impacts on flood peaks. Thus, it is possible to design spatially distributed management systems for upland catchments, which reduce flood peaks while at the same time ensuring economic viability for upland farmers.
Local delivery of strontium ranelate promotes regeneration of critical size bone defects filled with collagen sponge
Authors: Masalskas Bárbara Furtado , Martins Júnior Walter , Leoni Graziela Bianchi , Faloni Ana Paula de Souza , Marcaccini Andrea Márcia , Silva Sousa Yara Teresinha Corrêa , Castro‐Raucci Larissa Moreira Spinola de
Published: September 2017

The effect of local delivery of strontium ranelate (SR) on bone regeneration of critical size bone defects filled with collagen sponge was evaluated. Bone defects of 5 mm diameter created in rat calvaria were filled with collagen sponge (C); collagen sponge with 5 mM Sr2+ SR (C5SR) or collagen sponge with 50 mM Sr2+ SR (C50SR). After 2, 4, and 6 weeks, bone volume (BV), bone surface (BS), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were evaluated by computed microtomography. At 6 weeks, histological analysis was performed. Intragroup comparisons were made by the Friedman test, while comparisons between groups were made by Kruskal‐Wallis test (α = 5%). All groups showed increased BV, BS, Tb.Th, and Tb.N over time, but only C50SR promoted the reduction of Tb.Sp (p < 0.05). No significant differences between groups were detected at weeks 2 and 4. However, C50SR showed the highest values of BV, BS, and Tb.Th at 6 weeks (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed connective tissue in C and C5SR and immature bone tissue in C50SR. Local delivery of SR 50 mM Sr2+ associated with collagen sponge increased and accelerated bone regeneration in critical bone defects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 333–341, 2018.
Hyaluronan incorporation into model contact lens hydrogels as a built‐in lubricant: Effect of hydrogel composition and proteoglycan 4 as a lubricant in solution
Authors: Samsom Michael , Korogiannaki Myrto , Subbaraman Lakshman N. , Sheardown Heather , Schmidt Tannin A.
Published: September 2017

Contact lens friction significantly correlates with subjective comfort. Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) are natural boundary lubricants present in the body. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crosslinked HA into the bulk of model contact lens materials pHEMA, pHEMA/TRIS, and DMAA/TRIS on surface wettability, protein sorption, and boundary lubricating properties at a material–cornea biointerface, both alone and synergistically with PRG4 in solution. Surface wettability was assessed by water contact angle measurement, protein sorption by lysozyme sorption assay, and boundary lubricating properties using an in vitro friction test method. HA incorporation (HAinc) increased the surface wettability of all materials, and reduced protein sorption for pHEMA and DMAA/TRIS. HAinc increased friction for pHEMA, and DMAA/TRIS, whereas a decrease was observed for pHEMA/TRIS. A combination of HAinc and PRG4sol had a synergistic effect of reducing friction only for pHEMA/TRIS. This combination had similar friction reduction compared with PRG4sol alone for DMAA/TRIS. These results indicate HA incorporation could be an effective internal wetting agent, antiadhesive, and boundary lubricant for pHEMA/TRIS silicone hydrogels. In conclusion, HA incorporation can reduce friction of hydrogels alone and in combination with PRG4 in solution, though in a hydrogel composition‐dependent (e.g., TRIS) manner. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1818–1826, 2018.
Sol–Gel Synthesis of Bismuth Molybdate Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Propylene to Acrolein: Influence of pH Value and Theoretical Molar Atomic Ratio
Authors: Le Minh Thang , Do Van Hung , Truong Duc Duc , Pham Ngo Nghia
Published: September 2017

Different bismuth molybdate catalysts for the selective oxidation of propylene to acrolein were prepared by the sol–gel method, starting from bismuth nitrate, ammonium molybdate, and citric acid. The influence of pH value and theoretical molar Bi/Mo atomic ratio on the complexation and gelation is surveyed using IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and BET. Their catalytic activities for the conversion propylene to acrolein are examined.
The incidence of sarcopenia among hospitalized older patients: results from the Glisten study
Authors: Martone Anna Maria , Bianchi Lara , Abete Pasquale , Bellelli Giuseppe , Bo Mario , Cherubini Antonio , Corica Francesco , Di Bari Mauro , Maggio Marcello , Manca Giovanna Maria , Marzetti Emanuele , Rizzo Maria Rosaria , Rossi Andrea , Volpato Stefano , Landi Francesco
Published: September 2017

Background

New evidence is emerging on the importance of lean body mass during periods of illness and recovery. The preservation of lean body mass during such periods of intense stress impacts both patient and treatment outcomes. However, data concerning the incidence of sarcopenia among older people during hospitalization are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of sarcopenia in a sample of hospitalized older subjects.

Methods

We used data of 394 participants from the multicentre Italian Study conducted by the Gruppo Lavoro Italiano Sarcopenia—Trattamento e Nutrizione (GLISTEN) in 12 Acute Care Wards (Internal Medicine and Geriatrics) of University Hospitals across Italy. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia at hospital admission and the change in muscle mass and strength during hospitalization. Sarcopenia was defined as low skeletal mass index (kg/m2) along with either low handgrip strength or slow walking speed [European Working Groups on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria]. Estimation of skeletal muscle mass was performed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).

Results

The mean age of the 394 enrolled patients (including 211 females who accounted for 53% of the sample) was 79.6 ± 6.4 years. Among those without sarcopenia at hospital admission, 14.7% of the study sample met the EWGSOP sarcopenia diagnostic criteria at discharge. The incidence of sarcopenia during hospitalization was significantly associated with the number of days spent in bed but was not correlated with the total length of hospital stay. In particular, patients who developed sarcopenia spent an average of 5.1 days in bed compared with 3.2 days for those with no sarcopenia at discharge (P = 0.02). Patients with sarcopenia showed a significantly lower body mass index compared with non‐sarcopenic peers (25.0 ± 3.8 kg/m2 vs. 27.6 ± 4.9 kg/m2, respectively; P < 0.001). Similarly, the skeletal mass index at admission was significantly lower among patients who developed sarcopenia during hospital stay.

Conclusions

Incident sarcopenia during hospital stay is relatively common and is associated with nutritional status and the number of days of bed rest.
Ovarian structure and oogenesis of the extremophile viviparous teleostPoecilia mexicana(Poeciliidae) from an active sulfur spring cave inSouthernMexico
Authors: Torres‐Martínez Aarón , Hernández‐Franyutti Arlette , Uribe Mari Carmen , Contreras‐Sánchez Wilfrido Miguel
Published: September 2017

The structure of the ovary and oogenesis ofPoecilia mexicanafrom an active sulfur spring cave is documented.Poecilia mexicanais the only poeciliid adapted to a subterranean environment with high hydrogen sulfide levels and extreme hypoxic conditions. Twenty females were captured throughout one year at Cueva del Azufre, located in the State of Tabasco in Southern Mexico. Ovaries were processed with histological techniques.P. mexicanahas a single, ovoid ovary with ovigerous lamella that project to the ovarian lumen. The ovarian wall presents abundant loose connective tissue, numerous melanomacrophage centers and large blood vessels, possibly associated with hypoxic conditions. The germinal epithelium bordering the ovarian lumen contains somatic and germ cells forming cell nests projecting into the stroma.P. mexicanastores sperm in ovarian folds associated with follicles at different developmental phases. Oogenesis inP. mexicanaconsisted of the following stages: (i) oogonial proliferation, (ii) chromatin nucleolus, (iii) primary growth, subdivided into: (a) one nucleolus, (b) multiple nucleoli, (c) droplet oils‐cortical alveoli steps; (iv) secondary growth, subdivided in: (a) early secondary growth, (b) late secondary growth, and (c) full grown. Follicular atresia was present in all stages of follicular development; it was characterized by oocyte degeneration, where follicle cells hypertrophy and differentiate in phagocytes. The ovary and oogenesis are similar to these seen in other poeciliids, but we found frequent atretic follicles, melanomacrophage centers, reduced fecundity and increased of offspring size.
Expression of caveolin‐1 in the interfollicular but not the follicle‐associated epithelial cells in the bursa of fabricius of chickens
Authors: Bódi Ildikó , Minkó Krisztina , Fölker Orsolya , Benyeda Zsófia , Felföldi Balázs , Magyar Attila , Kiss Anna , Palya Vilmos , Oláh Imre
Published: September 2017

The surface epithelium of the bursa of Fabricius consists of interfollicular (IFE) and follicle‐associated epithelium (FAE). The IFE comprises (i) cylindrical‐shaped secretory cells (SC) and (ii) cuboidal basal cells (BCs). The FAE provides histological and two‐way functional connections between the bursal lumen and medulla of the follicle. We used a carbon solution and anti‐caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) to study the endocytic activity of FAE. Carbon particles entered the intercellular space of FAE, but the carbon particles were not internalized by the FAE cells. Cav‐1 was not detectable in the FAE cells or the medulla of the bursal follicle. The absence of Cav‐1 indicates that no caveolin‐mediated endocytosis occurs in the FAE cells, B cells, bursal secretory dendritic cells (BSDC), or reticular epithelial cells. Surprisingly, a significant number of Cav‐1 positive cells can be found among the SC, which are designated SC II. Cav‐1 negative cell are called SC I, and they produce mucin for lubricating the bursal lumen and duct. Occasionally, BCs also express Cav‐1, which suggests that BC is a precursor of a SC. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the existence of type I and II SC. The SC II are highly polarized and have an extensive trans‐Golgi network that is rich in different granules and vesicles. Western blot analysis of bursa lysates revealed a 21–23 kDa compound (caveolin) and Filipin fluorescence histochemistry provided evidence for intracellular cholesterol. High amount of cholesterol in the feces shows the cholesterol efflux from SC II. The presence of Cav‐1 and cholesterol in SC II indicates, that the bursa is a complex organ in addition to possessing immunological function contributes to the cholesterol homeostasis in the chickens.
Advancements in the identification of passive RC networks for compact modeling of thermal effects in electronic devices and systems
Authors: De Tommasi L. , Magnani A. , de Magistris M.
Published: September 2017

We deal with the problem of identifying the parameters of an equivalent lumped RC multiport network from time domain tabulated data of a corresponding distributed real eigenvalues problem, as obtained from either measurements or accurate simulation tools. A novel step response matrix identification procedure is proposed, based on the combination of an outer nonlinear least squares iteration for the relocation of time constants, and an inner convex programming cycle for the identification of the corresponding residue matrix terms, able to guarantee a priori the passivity property of the equivalent RC network. The structure of the algorithm and its principal functions connections are shown, and the mathematical features of the proposed formulation of the identification problem are accurately described and commented. Moreover, the possibility of getting direct synthesis of a Foster generalized concretely passive multiport, as a consequence of the optimal identification of a passive real eigenvalues model from data, is discussed. Since the technique is well suited (although not limited) to the reduced analysis of typical electro‐thermal problems, a set of significant case studies in this area is considered. In this way the algorithm present implementation is validated, also comparing it to previous well assessed methods, evidencing its large potential and value.
When can culturally diverse teams be more creative? The role of leaders' benevolent paternalism
Authors: Lu Lin , Li Fuli , Leung Kwok , Savani Krishna , Morris Michael W.
Published: September 2017

The current research examines the conditions under which cross‐cultural teams can realize their creative potential—a consequence of their cultural diversity. We propose that in more culturally diverse teams, team members are less open when communicating with each other, which impairs the team's ability to elaborate on the information contributed by different members, ultimately limiting team creativity. We further theorize that leaders' benevolent paternalism, a leadership style that is particularly prevalent in East Asian contexts, can reduce the negative consequence of intercultural diversity on intercultural communication openness. On the basis of multiwave, multisource data from 48 culturally diverse teams in China, we found that perceived intercultural diversity is negatively related to intercultural communication openness, which, in turn, is positively related to information elaboration, and ultimately, team creativity. Leader benevolent paternalism attenuates the negative relationship between intercultural diversity and intercultural communication openness. These findings enrich the literature on intercultural diversity by calling attention to communication‐related obstacles.
A moving windows visual approach to analysing spatial variation in temperature trends on the Spanish mainland 1951–2010
Authors: Gonzalez‐Hidalgo José Carlos , Salinas Celia , Peña‐Angulo Dhais , Brunetti Michele
Published: September 2017

In this article, we approached the study of spatiotemporal variation in trends for the monthly mean values of maximum and minimum temperatures on the Spanish mainland between 1951 and 2010, in order to find out how length and selected periods affected trends. The trend and significance signals were calculated every month and for each cell individually, in a high spatial resolution grid (Mann–Kendall test) by using decreasing and increasing temporal windows (from 20 to 60 years and vice versa). Finally, the results are presented as a sequence of temporal window trend maps to show the spatiotemporal variability of trends at high resolution over the years. The results of increasing temporal window trends show that temperatures have increased overall on the Spanish mainland, but the impact is different for cold and warm months, maximum and minimum temperatures, and the area affected by significant trends varies depending on the month. The positive and significant trend affecting >20% of the total area extends in a west–east gradient during the cold months, while the reverse is true for the warmest ones. The analyses from decreasing the length of moving windows also vary greatly among months. The areas affected by significant trends are highly variable month‐on‐month, differ for maximum and minimum temperatures, and evolve in different ways over time. Few months show a significant trend during the last 30 years, and spatial distribution differences among trends for the maximum and minimum temperatures are detected. Spatially, a more complex gradient can be observed, but the global east–west and west–east gradient can also be generally seen in the warmest or coldest months. These findings show that a selected period determines the final trend. Furthermore, the results suggest that recent warming processes on the Spanish mainland have high spatial variability that differs among months and maximum and minimum temperatures, and has not been constant.
Year‐to‐year variability of surface air temperature over China in winter
Authors: Xiao Dong , Zuo Zhiyan , Zhang Renhe , Zhang Xingyu , He Qiong
Published: September 2017

In this study, the year‐to‐year variability of surface air temperature (SAT) over China in winter was investigated during 1961–2014. The results indicate that the year‐to‐year SAT variability can explain more than 30% of the SAT variance over most parts of China, with up to 60% variance over southern China, northeastern China and northwestern China. The leading pattern of year‐to‐year SAT exhibits homogeneous variability over most parts of China, except in small areas over the Tibetan Plateau and southwestern China. The circulation over the northern Pacific is a key factor of this homogeneous variability pattern. An anomalous anticyclonic circulation and weakening midlatitude westerly jet in the middle and high troposphere over the northern Pacific are associated with the homogeneous warmth over China. The second pattern shows a south–north dipole, with variability in northeastern China opposite to that south of 25°N in China and over the Tibetan Plateau. The south–north dipole pattern is part of a global year‐to‐year SAT anomaly pattern because it exhibits a significant relationship with the year‐to‐year SAT over large parts north of 50°N over the Eurasian landmass. The north‐cold/south‐warm pattern is accompanied by a significant weakening of the Arctic Oscillation. In comparison, the atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the homogeneous variability pattern are much weaker than those with the south–north dipole pattern. The anomalous Indian Ocean dipole in the previous autumn and the snow cover around China in November are the two key causes of the homogeneous variability pattern. Many factors, such as the tropical central Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO), Okhotsk sea ice and western Siberia snow cover, can significantly influence the south–north dipole pattern. Compared to the tropical Pacific SST, the impact of the Indian Ocean SST on the winter SAT over China is much more important.
The evolution and volcanic forcing of the southern annular mode during the past 300 years
Authors: Yang Jiao , Xiao Cunde
Published: September 2017

A positive change in the southern annular mode (SAM), which is the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere, has been induced predominantly by polar stratospheric ozone depletion. However, the lack of long‐term observational records limits our understanding of the long‐term SAM behaviour. In this study, we found that the geochemical record of the LGB69 ice core from the eastern coast of Antarctica was significantly correlated with the winter SAM index (SAMI). In addition, we developed an annual mean SAMI beginning in 1701 based on 15 annually resolved ice cores and relevant proxy–climate relationships. Our reconstruction accounted for 54.8% of the total variance from 1957 to 2000 (the calibration period). We demonstrate that the recent positive phase shift in the annual mean SAMI since the 1970s is unprecedented, with the estimate for the latest regime in the 1990s reaching values 2.5 times the standard deviation above the baseline (1701–2000). This peak value also coincides with the largest 30‐ and 50‐year trends, which have occurred at the end of the 20th century. From the reconstructed SAMI, we also found that the response to large volcanic events was likely positive in the 3 years after the eruption, but this positive response can be masked by internal climate variability when a strong El Niño event occurs in the eruption year.
Ischemic femoral head osteonecrosis in a piglet model causes three dimensional decrease in acetabular coverage
Authors: Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Jeffords Megan E. , Farnsworth Christine L. , Padilla David , Lopreiato Nick , Aruwajoye Olumide O. , Kim Harry K.W.
Published: September 2017

Legg‐Calve‐Perthes disease (LCPD) is a childhood form of ischemic osteonecrosis marked by development of severe femoral head deformity and premature osteoarthritis. The pathogenesis of femoral head deformity has been studied extensively using a piglet model of ischemic osteonecrosis, however, accompanying acetabular changes have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine if acetabular changes accompany femoral head deformity in a well‐established piglet model of LCPD and to define the acetabular changes using three dimensional computed tomography (3‐D CT) and modeling. Twenty‐four piglets were surgically induced with ischemic osteonecrosis on the right side. The contralateral hip was used as control. At 8 weeks postoperative, pelvi were retrieved and imaged with CT. Custom software was used to measure acetabular morphologic parameters on 3‐D CT images. Moderate to severe femoral head deformities were present in all animals. Acetabula with accompanying femoral head deformity had a significant decrease in acetabular version and tilt (p < 0.001) and in coverage angle in the superior, posterior, and inferior quadrants (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the development of femoral head deformity following ischemic osteonecrosis produces specific and predictable changes to the shape of the acetabulum. Acetabular changes described in patients with LCPD were observed in the piglet model. This model may serve as a valuable tool to elucidate the relationship between femoral head and acetabular deformities. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1173–1177, 2018.
Interpreting exposure ages from ice‐cored moraines: a Neoglacial case study on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada
Authors: Crump Sarah E. , Anderson Leif S. , Miller Gifford H. , Anderson Robert S.
Published: September 2017

10Be dating of moraines has greatly improved our ability to constrain the timing of past glaciations and thus past cold events. However, the spread in ages from a single moraine is often greater than would be expected from measurement uncertainty, making paleoclimatic interpretations equivocal. Here we present 28 new 10Be ages from ice‐cored Neoglacial moraines on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, and explore the processes at play in moraine formation and evolution through field observations and a numerical debris‐covered glacier model. The insulating effect of debris cover modifies glacier lengths and results in the development of ice‐cored moraines over multiple advances and thousands of years. Although ice cores can persist for several millennia, spatially variable ice core melt‐out contributes to moraine degradation and boulder destabilization, making it likely that the 10Be clock is reset on moraine boulders in these settings. Thus, exposure ages from ice‐cored moraines must be interpreted with caution. The oldest ages, after excluding samples with inheritance, provide the best estimates of initial moraine formation. Three Baffin Island moraines yield 10Be ages suggesting formation at 5.2, 4.6 and 3.5 ka, respectively, adding to a growing body of evidence for significant summer cooling millennia before the Little Ice Age.
Vibrational properties of layered BiTeCl single crystal
Authors: Zhou Wei , Lu Jiating , Xiang Gang , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: September 2017

Bismuth tellurohalides have intrigued numerous interests for their novel Rashba splitting electronic structures with potential applications in spintronics and two‐dimensional (2D) optoelectronics. In this work, we have a detailed study of bulk BiTeCl and its exfoliated flakes using ultralow wavenumber Raman spectroscopy. We observe all BiTeCl characteristic Raman modes including the lowest wavenumber rigid layer in‐plane vibrational mode E32 at 19 cm−1. From 77 to 300 K, hardening of Raman modes are observed with sharpened profiles. Temperature coefficients of Raman modes except E32 are around −0.009 to −0.027 cm−1/K, showing the sensitive response of lattice vibrations to temperature, whereas E32 has a much smaller temperature coefficient of −0.004 cm−1/K and almost constant linewidth, similar to the behavior of shear mode of 2D materials. Furthermore, by using excitation lasers of 488, 514.5, 647, and 785 nm, we find that BiTeCl Raman modes are nondispersive, 2 characteristic in‐plane E modes are more pronounced for low‐energy lasers whereas out‐of‐plane A1 modes behave inversely, which could be related to the interband transitions. Our work provides valuable lattice vibrational and thermal information of BiTeCl for its integration into the emerging 2D nano devices as a promising polar layered material.
Potential effectiveness of visible and near infrared spectroscopy coupled with wavelength selection for real time grapevine leaf water status measurement
Authors: Giovenzana Valentina , Beghi Roberto , Parisi Simone , Brancadoro Lucio , Guidetti Riccardo
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Increasing attention is being paid to non‐destructive methods for water status real time monitoring as a potential solution to replace the tedious conventional techniques which are time consuming and not easy to perform directly in the field. The objective of this study was to test the potential effectiveness of two portable optical devices (visible/near infrared (vis/NIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometers) for the rapid and non‐destructive evaluation of the water status of grapevine leaves. Moreover, a variable selection methodology was proposed to determine a set of candidate variables for the prediction of water potential (Ψ, MPa) related to leaf water status in view of a simplified optical device.

RESULTS

The statistics of the partial least square (PLS) models showed in validation R2 between 0.67 and 0.77 for models arising from vis/NIR spectra, and R2 ranged from 0.77 to 0.85 for the NIR region. The overall performance of the multiple linear regression (MLR) models from selected wavelengths was slightly worse than that of the PLS models. Regarding the NIR range, acceptable MLR models were obtained only using 14 effective variables (R2 range 0.63–0.69).

CONCLUSION

To address the market demand for portable optical devices and heading towards the trend of miniaturization and low cost of the devices, individual wavelengths could be useful for the design of a simplified and low‐cost handheld system providing useful information for better irrigation scheduling. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Solution‐processable thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for application in organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Suzuki Katsuaki , Adachi Chihaya , Kaji Hironori
Published: September 2017

Solution‐processed organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been fabricated using the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, DACT‐II, and its soluble derivative, tBu‐DACT‐II, as emitting dopants. DACT‐II reportedly exhibits very high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) in vacuum‐processed OLEDs. The solution‐processed DACT‐II‐based and tBu‐DACT‐II‐based OLEDs exhibited external quantum efficiency exceeding the theoretical upper limit of classical fluorescent OLEDs.
Systemic Evaluation of Vascular Dysfunction by High‐Resolution Sonography in an Nω‐Nitro‐l‐Arginine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride–Induced Mouse Model of Preeclampsia‐Like Symptoms
Authors: Zhao Ying , Yang Ning , Li Hanying , Cai Wei , Zhang Xin , Ma Yongqiang , Niu Xiulong , Yang Guohong , Zhou Xin , Li Yuming
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate vascular function, including arterial resistance and endothelial function, by high‐resolution sonography in an Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l‐NAME)‐induced mouse model of preeclampsia‐like symptoms.

Methods

Pregnant mice were subcutaneously injected with a saline solution (control; n = 10) or l‐NAME (n = 10) between the 7th and 18th days of gestation. The resistive index and pulsatility index (RI and PI, indicators of arterial resistance) of the uteroplacental, umbilical, femoral, and common carotid arteries and the flow‐mediated dilatation (index of endothelial function) of the femoral artery were measured by high‐frequency sonography in both groups.

Results

We noted significant increases in the RI and PI of the uteroplacental and umbilical arteries and a decrease in the flow‐mediated dilatation of the femoral artery in the l‐NAME group compared with the control group. We also found that the RI and PI of the uteroplacental and umbilical arteries were negatively correlated with fetal weight and crown‐rump length. The results of the multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model indicated that the flow‐mediated dilatation at 120 seconds was an independent diagnostic criterion for the l‐NAME‐induced preeclampsia‐like model. A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that flow‐mediated dilatation at 120 seconds had the greatest area under the curve of 0.934, with an optimal cutoff point of 11.1%, yielding sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 84.6%.

Conclusions

The PI and RI of the fetomaternal vasculature can identify fetuses in “high‐risk” pregnancies, and flow‐mediated dilatation is a reliable indicator for predicting preeclampsia. Assessment of vascular function by high‐resolution sonography provides a useful platform for preeclampsia‐related basic research with high reproducibility.
The essential spectrum of a singular Sturm–Liouville operator
Authors: Castro Hernán
Published: September 2017

In this paper we study the essential spectrum of the operator
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201600176:mana201600176-math-0001where is a positive absolutely continuous function on (0, 1) that resembles for some . We prove that the essential spectrum of coincides with the essential spectrum of the operator .