bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polytetrafluoroethylene‐intercalated MXene membranes with good photothermal performance for enhanced laser ignition
Authors: Deng Hanyue , Liao Jun , Piao Junyu , Zhang Yong , He Simin , Zhou Qing , Li Yi , Zhang Long
Published: February 2020

Photothermal effect has been widely used in many areas such as cancer therapy, photothermal energy harvesting, and laser ignition. However, exploring reliable and efficient free‐standing energy converter for enhancing the photothermal performance is still a challenge. Herein, free‐standing membrane based on two‐dimensional MXene (Ti3C2) nanosheets and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was fabricated and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, which demonstrated a drastic temperature rise by laser irradiation and was further used as energy converter for enhancing the photothermal performance of laser ignition. Furthermore, the initiating power of the laser initiator can be largely reduced by adding a thin layer of MXene/PTFE membrane above the B/KNO3 cylinder. This work can give great promise for MXene‐based membranes as the laser energy converter for reducing the initiating energy and promote the development of laser initiators with low initiating energy.
Three Brothers With Autism Carry a Stop‐Gain Mutation in the HPA‐Axis Gene NR3C2
Authors: Cukier Holly N. , Griswold Anthony J. , Hofmann Natalia K. , Gomez Lissette , Whitehead Patrice L. , Abramson Ruth K. , Gilbert John R. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Dykxhoorn Derek M. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A.
Published: February 2020

Whole exome sequencing and copy‐number variant analysis was performed on a family with three brothers diagnosed with autism. Each of the siblings shares an alteration in the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2) gene that is predicted to result in a stop‐gain mutation (p.Q919X) in the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) protein. This variant was maternally inherited and provides further evidence for a connection between the NR3C2 and autism. Interestingly, the NR3C2 gene encodes the MR protein, a steroid hormone‐regulated transcription factor that acts in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and has been connected to stress and anxiety, both of which are features often seen in individuals with autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 523–531. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Given the complexity of the genetics underlying autism, each gene contributes to risk in a relatively small number of individuals, typically less than 1% of all autism cases. Whole exome sequencing of three brothers with autism identified a rare variant in the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 gene that is predicted to strongly interfere with its normal function. This gene encodes the mineralocorticoid receptor protein, which plays a role in how the body responds to stress and anxiety, features that are often elevated in people diagnosed with autism. This study adds further support to the relevance of this gene as a risk factor for autism.
Enzyme‐based detection of epoxides using colorimetric assay integrated with smartphone imaging
Authors: Gul Ijaz , Bogale Tadesse Fantaye , Deng Jiao , Chen Yong , Fang Ruiqin , Feng Juan , Tang Lixia
Published: February 2020

Epoxides are widely used chemicals, the determination of which is of paramount importance. Herein, we present an enzyme‐based approach for noninstrumental detection of epoxides in standard solution and environmental samples. Halohydrin dehalogenase (HheC) as a biological recognition element and epichlorohydrin as a model analyte were evaluated for sensing. The detection is based on the color change of the pH indicator dye bromothymol blue caused by the HheC‐catalyzed ring‐opening of the epoxide substrate. The color change is then exploited for the determination of epoxide using a smartphone as an image acquisition and data processing device, eliminating the need for computer‐based image analysis software. The color parameters were systematically evaluated to determine the optimum quantitative analytical parameter. Under optimal conditions, the proposed enzyme‐based detection system showed a linear range of 0.13–2 mM with a detection limit of 0.07 mM and an assay time of 8 Min. In addition, the repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation was found to be below 5% (n = 6). Validation with gas chromatographic analyses showed that the proposed enzyme‐based epoxide detection could be an alternative way in the quantitative determination of epoxides, and particularly useful in resource‐limited settings.
Triebfahrzeuge und Fahrzeug‐Brücken‐Interaktion in der dynamischen Berechnung von Eisenbahnbrücken
Authors: Glatz Bernhard , Bettinelli Lara , Fink Josef
Published: February 2020

Bei der dynamischen Berechnung von Eisenbahnbrücken können die überfahrenden Züge durch verschiedene Ansätze modelliert werden. Sofern die Fahrzeuge als Mehrkörpersystem aus gefederten und gedämpften Einzelmassen abstrahiert werden, ist die Fahrzeug‐Brücken‐Interaktion zufolge der mit dem Tragwerk mitschwingenden Fahrzeugmassen im Modell berücksichtigt. Um diesen Effekt im Vergleich zu vereinfachten Zugmodellen aus überfahrenden Einzelkräften zu untersuchen, wurden zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Studien durchgeführt. Oftmals werden dabei die Triebfahrzeuge nicht mitgerechnet, um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Anregung des Tragwerks zu erzielen. In diesem Beitrag wird einerseits der Einfluss der Triebfahrzeuge auf die dynamische Tragwerksantwort von Einfeldträgerbrücken in Beton‐ und Stahlbauweise untersucht, andererseits wird die Frage behandelt, ob die Ergebnisse von Studien zur Fahrzeug‐Brücken‐Interaktion für Eisenbahnzüge ohne Triebfahrzeug auch auf die reale Situation von Zügen mit Triebfahrzeug anwendbar sind. Dazu werden dynamische Berechnungen an einem Parameterfeld fiktiver Einfeldträgerbrücken für den österreichischen Hochgeschwindigkeitszug „Railjet“ durchgeführt.
Cutaneous nerve fields of the anteromedial lower limb—Determination with selective ultrasound‐guided nerve blockade
Authors: Riegler Georg , Pivec Christopher , Jengojan Suren , Mayer Johannes A. , Schellen Christoph , Trattnig Siegfried , Bodner Gerd
Published: February 2020

Background

This study aimed to determine the peripheral cutaneous nerve fields (CNF), their variability, and potential overlap by selectively blocking the intermediate (IFCN) and medial (MFCN) femoral cutaneous nerves and the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve (IPBSN) in healthy volunteers.

Methods

In this prospective study, ultrasound‐guided nerve blockades of the IFCN, MFCN, and IPBSN in 14 healthy volunteers were administered. High‐frequency probes (15–22 MHz) and 1 ml of 1% lidocaine per nerve were used. The area of sensory loss was determined using a pinprick, and all fields were drawn on volunteers' skin. A three‐dimensional (3D) scan of all lower limbs was obtained and the three CNF and their potential overlap were measured.

Results

The mean size of innervation areas showed a high variability of peripheral CNF, with 258.58 ± 148.26 mm2 (95% CI, 169–348.18 mm2) for the IFCN, 193.26 ± 72.08 mm2 (95% CI, 124.45–262.08 mm2) for the MFCN, and 166.78 ± 121.30 mm2 (95% CI, 94.1–239.46 mm2) for the IPBSN. In 11 volunteers, we could evaluate an overlap between the IFCN and MFCN (range, 4.11–139.68 ± 42.70 mm2), and, in 10 volunteers, between the MFCN and IPBSN (range, 11.12–224.95 ± 79.61 mm2). In only three volunteers was an overlap area found between the IFCN and IPBSN (range, 7.46–224.95 ± 88.88 mm2). The 3D‐scans confirmed the high variability of the peripheral CNF.

Conclusions

Our study successfully determined CNF, their variability, and the overlap of the MFCN, IFCN, and IPBSN in healthy volunteers. Therefore, we encourage physicians to use selective nerve blockades to correctly determine peripheral CNF at the anteromedial lower limb.
MicroRNA‐320a inhibits invasion and metastasis in osteosarcoma by targeting cytoplasmic polyadenylation element‐binding protein 1
Authors: Wang Yanlong , Yang Jiyu , Chen Pangtao , Song Yu , An Weizheng , Zhang Haoran , Butegeleqi Butegeleqi , Yan Jinglong
Published: February 2020

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor, which affects children, adolescents, and young adults commonly. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to be dysregulated in different cancers, including osteosarcoma. Although miR‐320a has been implicated in many types of malignancies, little is known about the role of miR‐320a in osteosarcoma. In this study, we show that the overexpression of miR‐320a or knockdown of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element‐binding protein 1 (CPEB1) inhibited osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. miR‐320a downregulates CPEB1 expression by directly targeting the CPEB1 3′‐UTR. Furthermore, CPEB1 reintroduction reversed the antiproliferation, antimigration, and antiinvasion roles of miR‐320a, indicating that miR‐320a might function as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma through CPEB1. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that miR‐320a plays a critical role in osteosarcoma progression and may provide a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Managing Antral Wall Discontinuities in Sinus Elevation Surgery
Authors: Capetillo Joseph F. , Johnson Thomas M. , Swenson Dane T. , Herold Robert W.
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Schneiderian membrane perforation (SMP), which is usually readily manageable, is the most common intraoperative complication of sinus elevation surgery. Some evidence suggests that SMP is associated with increased risk for postoperative complications, including maxillary sinusitis. Antral wall discontinuity (AWD) is an acquired condition that may increase SMP likelihood and lead to larger, less‐manageable perforations.

Case Presentation

A generally healthy patient receiving sinus elevation surgery exhibited an AWD in the palatine process of the maxilla. The osseous defect was isolated intraoperatively, and the Schneiderian membrane was sharply dissected from the palatal connective tissue. Favorable augmentation of the maxillary sinus was noted on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) assessment at postoperative month 34.

Conclusions

AWD (fusion of the Schneiderian membrane with the periosteum of the maxilla) is a condition identifiable on preoperative CBCT images, which may increase the incidence and severity of SMP during sinus elevation procedures. Careful assessment for integrity of antral osseous walls before surgery is essential. Presence of AWD may obligate modifications to the surgical plan, or in some cases, contraindicate sinus elevation surgery.
Renal failure in thalassemia: Thinking outside the box
Authors: Kasinathan Ganesh
Published: February 2020

Berger’s disease should be considered an imperative cause of renal dysfunction in thalassemia. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, clinicopathological correlation and prompt therapy in Berger's disease.
Sulfonated Pyrene as a Photoregulator for Single‐Stranded DNA Looping
Authors: Xu Jie , Miyamoto Shunichi , Tojo Sachiko , Kawai Kiyohiko
Published: February 2020

Controlling the conformation and function of biomolecules through photoregulators holds great promise as a spatiotemporally controllable tool for disease control. In addition, introducing photoregulators into biomolecules has also found applications in constructing smart nanomaterials. In spite of the astonishing advances that have been made in the past few years, realizing highly controllable and efficient regulation over the conformation and function of biomolecules under physiological conditions is still challenging. Herein, sulfonated pyrene SPy was synthesized and used as a photoregulator to control the looping of single‐stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) in aqueous solution. Due to its water solubility, SPy merits use in the study of biomolecules in aqueous solution. The looping of the doubly SPy‐modified ssDNAs is stimulated by irradiation and regulated by SPy. Photoionization generates the radical cation of SPy (SPy.+). The association of SPy.+ with its neutral counterpart, SPy, gives rise to the dimer radical cation of SPy (SPy2.+). During the association process, the stabilization energy released to form SPy2.+ provides a driving force for the looping of ssDNAs. Conversely, the formed loop conformations were trapped by the formation of SPy2.+, and this allowed the looping dynamics to be investigated. The results reported herein suggest potential of SPy as a photoregulator for controlling the conformation and function of biomolecules under physiological conditions.
Perineural application of resiniferatoxin on uninjured L3 and L4 nerves completely alleviates thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity following L5 nerve injury in rats
Authors: Javed Hayate , Rehmathulla Sumisha , Tariq Saeed , Emerald Bright S. , Ljubisavljevic Milos , Shehab Safa
Published: February 2020

Fifth lumbar (L5) nerve injury in rats causes neuropathic pain manifested with thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral hind paw. This study aimed to determine whether the elimination of unmyelinated primary afferents of the adjacent uninjured nerves (L3 and L4) would alleviate peripheral neuropathic pain. Different concentrations of capsaicin or its analog, resiniferatoxin (RTX), were applied perineurally on either the left L4 or L3 and L4 nerves in Wistar rats whose left L5 nerves were ligated and cut. The application of both capsaicin and RTX on the L4 nerve significantly reduced both thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. However, only the application of RTX on both L3 and L4 nerves completely alleviated all neuropathic manifestations. Interestingly, responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli were preserved, despite RTX application on uninjured L3, L4, and L5 nerves, which supply the plantar skin in rats. Perineural application of RTX caused downregulation of TRPV1, CGRP, and IB4 binding and upregulation of VIP in the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In comparison, VGLUT1 and NPY immunoreactivities were not altered. RTX application did not cause degenerative or ultrastructural changes in the treated nerves and corresponding DRGs. The results demonstrate that RTX induces neuroplasticity, rather than structural changes in primary afferents, that are responsible for alleviating hypersensitivity and chronic pain. Furthermore, this study suggests that treating uninjured adjacent spinal nerves may be used to manage chronic neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury.
Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of cytokine‐induced killer cell immunotherapy combined with first‐line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Pan Qiu‐Zhong , Gu Jia‐Mei , Zhao Jing‐Jing , Tang Yan , Wang Qi‐Jing , Zhu Qian , Song Meng‐Jia , Li Yong‐Qiang , He Jia , Chen Shi‐Ping , Weng De‐Sheng , Xia Jian‐Chuan
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Fluoropyrimidine‐based chemotherapy regimens are the current first‐line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC); however, the outcome is often unsatisfactory. The present study aimed to determine the effect of combined cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy and first‐line chemotherapy in patients with mCRC.

Methods

This retrospective study included 252 patients with mCRC treated with first‐line chemotherapy. Among them, 126 patients received first‐line chemotherapy only (control group), while the other 126 patients, with similar demographic and clinical characteristics, received CIK cell immunotherapy combined with first‐line chemotherapy (CIK group). Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were compared between the two groups using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

The median OS for the CIK group was 54.7 versus 24.1 months for the controls, and the median PFS for the CIK group was 25.7 versus 14.6 months for the controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that CIK cell treatment was an independent prognostic factor for patients' OS and PFS. Subgroup analyses showed that CIK cell treatment significantly improved the OS and PFS of patients with metastatic colon cancer, but not those with metastatic rectal cancer. Additionally, the change in CD3+CD56+ subsets after the fourth treatment cycle might be an indicator of successful CIK cell treatment: Patients with increased CD3+CD56+ subsets had better survival than those with decreased CD3+CD56+ subsets.

Conclusion

Cytokine‐induced killer cell immunotherapy combined with first‐line chemotherapy could significantly improve the OS and PFS of patients with mCRC, particularly for patients with metastatic colon cancer.
Outcome in German and South African peripartum cardiomyopathy cohorts associates with medical therapy and fibrosis markers
Authors: Azibani Feriel , Pfeffer Tobias J. , Ricke‐Hoch Melanie , Dowling Wentzel , Pietzsch Stefan , Briton Olivia , Baard Johann , Abou Moulig Valeska , König Tobias , Berliner Dominik , Libhaber Elena , Schlothauer Stella , Anthony John , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Bauersachs Johann , Sliwa Karen , Hilfiker‐Kleiner Denise
Published: February 2020

Aims

This study aims to compare the clinical course of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) cohorts from Germany (G‐PPCM) and South Africa (SA‐PPCM) with fibrosis‐related markers to get insights into novel pathomechanisms of PPCM.

Methods and results

G‐PPCM (n = 79) and SA‐PPCM (n = 72) patients and healthy pregnancy‐matched women from Germany (n = 56) and South Africa (n = 40) were enrolled. Circulating levels of procollagen type‐I (PINP) and type‐III (PIIINP) N‐terminal propeptides, soluble ST2, galectin‐3, and full‐length and cleaved osteopontin (OPN) were measured at diagnosis (baseline) and 6 months of follow‐up. Both cohorts received standard heart failure therapy while anticoagulation therapy was applied in 100% of G‐PPCM but only in 7% of SA‐PPCM patients. In G‐PPCM patients, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower, and outcome was better (baseline LVEF, 24 ± 8%, full recovery: 52%, mortality: 0%) compared with SA‐PPCM patients (baseline LVEF: 30 ± 9%, full recovery: 32%, mortality: 11%; P < 0.05). At baseline, PINP/PIIINP ratio was lower in SA‐PPCM and higher in G‐PPCM compared with respective controls, whereas total OPN was elevated in both collectives. Cleaved OPN, which increases PIIINP levels, is generated by thrombin and was reduced in patients receiving anticoagulation therapy. High baseline galectin‐3, soluble ST2, and OPN levels were associated with poor outcome in all PPCM patients.

Conclusions

SA‐PPCM patients displayed a more profibrotic biomarker profile, which was associated with a less favourable outcome despite better cardiac function at baseline, compared with G‐PPCM patients. Use of bromocriptine and anticoagulation therapy in G‐PPCM may counteract fibrosis and may in part be responsible for their better outcome.
A Neutral Fe4tBuL4 All Ferric Grid Complex: Structural and Variable Temperature Magnetic Properties
Authors: Bonanno Nico M. , Patrick Brian O. , Seda Takele , Lemaire Martin T.
Published: February 2020

A neutral all ferric [2×2] grid complex Fe4tBuL4 1 was synthesized and characterized in the solid‐state by X‐ray crystallography, variable temperature magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The absence of any coordinate bond or other structural changes between 90(2) and 320(2) K indicated no changes to the electronic structure of 1 occurred in the solid‐state over this temperature range. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility data were fitted to an isotropic spin Hamiltonian model and suggested weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the high‐spin ferric ions (J = –16.1 cm‐1). Mössbauer spectroscopy parameters (δ = 0.416(9) mm s–1 & ΔEQ = 0.87(7) mm s‐1), powder EPR spectra, and broken symmetry density functional theory calculations supported the high‐spin ferric oxidation state assignment.
Recent progress on biomass‐derived ecomaterials toward advanced rechargeable lithium batteries
Authors: Liu Jia , Yuan Hong , Tao Xinyong , Liang Yeru , Yang Seung Jae , Huang Jia‐Qi , Yuan Tong‐Qi , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2020

Biomass materials are of great interest in high‐energy rechargeable batteries due to their appealing merits of sustainability, environmental benefits, and more importantly, structural/compositional versatilities, abundant functional groups and many other unique physicochemical properties. In this perspective, we provide both overview and prospect on the contributions of biomass‐derived ecomaterials to battery component engineering including binders, separators, polymer electrolytes, electrode hosts, and functional interlayers, and so forth toward high‐stable lithium–ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, lithium–oxygen batteries, and solid state lithium metal batteries. Furthermore, based on the multifunctionalities of bio‐based materials, the design protocols for battery components with desired properties are highlighted. This perspective affords fresh inspiration on the rational designs of biomass‐based materials for advanced lithium‐based batteries, as well as the sustainable development of advanced energy storage devices.

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Synthesis and odour evaluation of double‐bond isomers of DAMASCENOLIDE, 4‐(4‐methylpent‐3‐en‐1‐yl)‐2(5H)‐furanone, which has a citrus‐like odour
Authors: Miyazawa Yamato , Ohashi Teruhisa , Kawaguchi Kenji , Tanaka Naoko , Katsuta Ryo , Yajima Arata , Nukada Tomoo , Ishigami Ken
Published: February 2020

Our group recently isolated 4‐(4‐methylpent‐3‐en‐1‐yl)‐2(5H)‐furanone (DAMASCENOLIDE or MPF), which has a citrus‐like odour, from damask rose (Rosa damascena). DAMASCENOLIDE has two double bonds, and we were interested in how the position and the geometric isomerism of these double bonds change the odour. Therefore, we synthesized eleven novel double‐bond isomers of DAMASCENOLIDE and evaluated their odours. Some of them have similar odours to DAMASCENOLIDE, while many others have different odours such as metallic, tropical and fishy. Especially, a Z‐form double‐bond moiety changed the odour significantly. Regarding the odour intensity, compounds with 2(3H)‐furanone skeleton tend to be stronger than compounds with 2(5H)‐furanone skeleton. From these results, it was found that the position and the geometric isomerism of the double bond greatly affected the odour.
Advantages and detection of phase coding in the absence of rhythmicity
Authors: Bush Daniel , Burgess Neil
Published: February 2020

The encoding of information in spike phase relative to local field potential (LFP) oscillations offers several theoretical advantages over equivalent firing rate codes. One notable example is provided by place and grid cells in the rodent hippocampal formation, which exhibit phase precession—firing at progressively earlier phases of the 6–12 Hz movement‐related theta rhythm as their spatial firing fields are traversed. It is often assumed that such phase coding relies on a high amplitude baseline oscillation with relatively constant frequency. However, sustained oscillations with fixed frequency are generally absent in LFP and spike train recordings from the human brain. Hence, we examine phase coding relative to LFP signals with broadband low‐frequency (2–20 Hz) power but without regular rhythmicity. We simulate a population of grid cells that exhibit phase precession against a baseline oscillation recorded from depth electrodes in human hippocampus. We show that this allows grid cell firing patterns to multiplex information about location, running speed and movement direction, alongside an arbitrary fourth variable encoded in LFP frequency. This is of particular importance given recent demonstrations that movement direction, which is essential for path integration, cannot be recovered from head direction cell firing rates. In addition, we investigate how firing phase might reduce errors in decoded location, including those arising from differences in firing rate across grid fields. Finally, we describe analytical methods that can identify phase coding in the absence of high amplitude LFP oscillations with approximately constant frequency, as in single unit recordings from the human brain and consistent with recent data from the flying bat. We note that these methods could also be used to detect phase coding outside of the spatial domain, and that multi‐unit activity can substitute for the LFP signal. In summary, we demonstrate that the computational advantages offered by phase coding are not contingent on, and can be detected without, regular rhythmicity in neural activity.
Examining Moments of Possibility Toward College Readiness in a Literacy‐and‐Songwriting Initiative
Authors: Marciano Joanne E. , Watson Vaughn W.M. , Beymer Alecia , Deroo Matthew R.
Published: February 2020

The authors examined how middle and high school students participating in a literacy‐and‐songwriting initiative in Detroit, Michigan, experienced moments of possibility that supported the youth in envisioning themselves as college bound. The authors explain how they drew from culturally relevant and sustaining educational approaches to design literacy instruction for youth of color that built from students’ interests as strengths, challenging educational disparities related to college readiness and access. The authors describe three workshops that they facilitated with youth participants, examine and share examples of multimodal artifacts generated by youth participants during the workshops, and provide recommendations for adolescent and adult literacy educators seeking to enact similar approaches for supporting students’ college readiness in their own work.
A feasibility study of OCT for anatomical and vascular phenotyping of mouse embryo
Authors: Choi Woo J. , Maga A. M. , Kim Eun S. , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: February 2020

The embryo phenotyping of genetic murine model is invaluable when investigating functions of genes underlying embryonic development and birth defect. Although traditional imaging technologies such as ultrasound are very useful for evaluating phenotype of murine embryos, the use of advanced techniques for phenotyping is desirable to obtain more information from genetic research. This letter tests the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a high‐throughput phenotyping tool for murine embryos. Three‐dimensional OCT imaging is performed for live and cleared mouse embryos in the late developmental stage (embryonic day 17.5). By using a dynamic focusing method and OCT angiography (OCTA) approach, our OCT imaging of the embryo exhibits rapid and clean visualization of organ structures deeper than 5 mm and complex microvasculature of perfused blood vessels in the murine embryonic body. This demonstration suggests that OCT imaging can be useful for comprehensively assessing embryo anatomy and angiography of genetically engineered mice.
Circular RNA (circ‐0075804) promotes the proliferation of retinoblastoma via combining heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRNPK) to improve the stability of E2F transcription factor 3 E2F3
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , Wang Shuai , Qin Tingyu , Wang Wenzhan
Published: February 2020

It is growingly recognized that messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are important regulators of various cancers. However, there are few reporters about the function of E2F3 in retinoblastoma (RB), which needs more exploration. In addition, the circRNA circ‐0075804 was derived from the E2F3 host gene. The purpose of the study is to figure out the role and molecular regulation mechanism of E2F3 and circ‐0075804 in RB. The role of E2F3 in RB was determined through E2F3 silencing and loss of expression was evaluated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), Western blot, CCK‐8, colony formation, and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assays. The interactions between E2F3 and circ‐0075804 were validated through loss and gain function of circ‐0075804. Besides, the role of circ‐0075804 in RB was determined by several functional assays. And the binding ability between heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and circ‐0075804 was verified by RNA pull‐down, Western blot, and RT‐qPCR assays. The expression of E2F3 was upregulated in RB cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of E2F3 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in RB. And circ‐0075804 positively regulated the expression of E2F3. Moreover, circ‐0075804 facilitated cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Besides, HNRNPK could bind with circ‐0075804 in RB. Finally, knockdown of E2F3 partly rescued the promoting role of circ‐0075804 overexpression in RB. Overall, circ‐0075804 promotes the proliferation of RB via combining HNRNPK to improve the stability of E2F3, which brings new light for treating RB.
STAT1‐induced upregulation of lncRNA RHPN1‐AS1 predicts a poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and contributes to tumor progression via the miR‐485/CDCA5 axis
Authors: Zhang Xiaozhan , Yan Zhenzhen , Wang Lei , Zhang Shijie , Gao Ming
Published: February 2020

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as a critical regulator in tumor progression, but few lncRNAs have been functionally characterized in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and bioinformatic technology, we screened and identified a novel HCC‐related lncRNA, RHPN1 antisense RNA 1 (RHPN1‐AS1). We found that the levels of RHPN1‐AS1 were distinctly upregulated in both HCC tissues and cell lines. RHPN1‐AS1 was activated by the transcription factor STAT1. Clinical investigations suggested that higher levels of RHPN1‐AS1 were distinctly correlated with histologic grade, advanced tumor, node, metastasis stage, and poorer clinical prognosis. Multivariate assays identified high RHPN1‐AS1 expression as an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC. Functional study revealed that knockdown of RHPN1‐AS1 was able to suppress cells proliferation and metastasis, and promote cell apoptosis. Further mechanistic investigation suggested that RHPN1‐AS1 could promote CDCA5 expressions by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐485. This interaction resulted in consequentially suppression of HCC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our findings for the first time illustrate how RHPN1‐AS1 displayed its tumor‐promotive roles in HCC and may offer a new biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with HCC.
Prevalence of liver disease in Colombia between 2009 and 2016
Authors: Bejarano Ramírez Diana Fernanda , Carrasquilla Gutiérrez Gabriel , Porras Ramírez Alexandra , Vera Torres Alonso
Published: February 2020

Background and Aim

Liver disease refers to a set of pathologies resulting from the interruption of liver function or the poor functioning of the liver. The estimation of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease and the context in which the disease develops are determining factors for public policies related to liver disease and its causes. The primary etiologies are cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are directly related to hepatitis B and C virus and alcohol consumption. Followed by hepatotoxic drug use, autoimmune hepatitis, cholestatic diseases, genetic abnormalities, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of liver disease in Colombia between 2009 and 2016. Using the Data Warehouse–Cube of SISPRO as the primary source of the data, prevalence proportions were calculated and adjusted according to the Bennett Horiuchi method. The relationship with alcohol consumption and the index of unsatisfied basic needs based on estimates from 2005 were considered as sociodemographic variables.

Results

The prevalence of liver disease differs with regard to the type of illness, sex and age of the patient, access to medical attention, and geographical location.

Conclusions

As liver disease is a public health problem, it requires early intervention such as raising awareness and prevention strategies, along with postdiagnosis care channels for treatment, rehabilitation, and palliation. By implementing these strategies, public health will be positively impacted, health care resources will be optimized, and more productive years of life are available for the citizens of the country.
Synthesis of amide‐linked benzazolyl isoxazoles adopting green methods and evaluation as antimicrobials
Authors: Sowdari Jyothi , Thata Sreenivasulu , Gudi Yamini , Venkatapuram Padmavathi , Adivireddy Padmaja
Published: February 2020

Some new benzoxazolyl isoxazoles, benzothiazolyl isoxazoles and benzimidazolyl isoxazoles connected by amide bonds (7‐9) were prepared from N‐benzazolylcarbamoylmethylcinnamamides (1‐3) adopting eco‐friendly synthetic methodologies. In fact, cycloaddition of nitrile oxide generated from araldoxime using iodosobenzene and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to 1‐3 followed by treatment with iodine in dimethyl sulfoxide led to the formation of title compounds with good yields and in shorter reaction times. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral parameters, viz, IR, NMR, and mass spectra and were assayed for antimicrobial activity. Among all the tested compounds, 8a and 8c displayed excellent antibacterial activity, whereas 9a and 9c showed promising antifungal activity.
HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis for female sex workers: ensuring women’s family planning needs are not left behind
Authors: Bowring Anna L , Ampt Frances H , Schwartz Sheree , Stoové Mark A , Luchters Stanley , Baral Stefan , Hellard Margaret
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Female sex workers (FSWs) experience overlapping burdens of HIV, sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly efficacious for HIV prevention. It represents a promising strategy to reduce HIV acquisition risks among FSWs specifically given complex social and structural factors that challenge consistent condom use. However, the potential impact on unintended pregnancy has garnered little attention. We discuss the potential concerns and opportunities for PrEP to positively or negatively impact the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of FSWs.

Discussion

FSWs have high unmet need for effective contraception and unintended pregnancy is common in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Unintended pregnancy can have enduring health and social effects for FSWs, including consequences of unsafe abortion and financial impacts affecting subsequent risk‐taking. It is possible that PrEP could negatively impact condom and other contraceptive use among FSWs due to condom substitution, normalization, external pressures or PrEP provision by single‐focus services. There are limited empirical data available to assess the impact of PrEP on pregnancy rates in real‐life settings. However, pregnancy rates are relatively high in PrEP trials and modelling suggests a potential two‐fold increase in condomless sex among FSWs on PrEP, which, given low use of non‐barrier contraceptive methods, would increase rates of unintended pregnancy. Opportunities for integrating family planning with PrEP and HIV services may circumvent these concerns and support improved SRHR. Synergies between PrEP and family planning could promote uptake and maintenance for both interventions. Integrating family planning into FSW‐focused community‐based HIV services is likely to be the most effective model for improving access to non‐barrier contraception among FSWs. However, barriers to integration, such as provider skills and training and funding mechanisms, need to be addressed.

Conclusions

As PrEP is scaled up among FSWs, there is growing impetus to consider integrating family planning services with PrEP delivery in order to better meet the diverse SRHR needs of FSWs and to prevent unintended consequences. Programme monitoring combined with research can close data gaps and mobilize adequate resources to deliver comprehensive SRHR services respectful of all women’s rights.
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Parotid Gland Tumors
Authors: Gökçe Erkan
Published: February 2020

The majority of salivary gland tumors occur in the parotid glands. Characterization (ie, benign or malignant, and histological type), location (deep or superficial), and invasion into the neighboring tissues of parotid tumors determine preoperative treatment planning. MRI gives more information than other imaging methods about the internal structure, localization, and relationship with other tissues of parotid tumors. Functional MRI methods (diffusion‐weighted imaging, dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, perfusion‐weighted MRI, MR spectroscopy, etc.) have been increasingly used recently to increase the power of radiologists to characterize the tumors. Although they increase the workload of radiologists, the combined use of functional MRI methods improves accuracy in the differentiation of the tumors. There are a wide range of studies in the literature dealing with the combined use of different functional imaging methods in combination with conventional sequences. The aim of the present review is to evaluate conventional and functional/advanced MR methods, as well as multiparametric MRI applications combining them in the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors.

Evidence Level: 5

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:11–32.
Intensification of historical drought over China based on a multi‐model drought index
Authors: Han Xinyi , Wu Jianjun , Zhou Hongkui , Liu Leizhen , Yang Jianhua , Shen Qiu , Wu Junbin
Published: February 2020

Observations show that in recent decades, a large area of China has been affected by drought and that frequent droughts have caused damage to the ecological environment and the economy. Because of the differences in data and methods, assessing regional droughts often leads to contradictory conclusions of trending. The self‐calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) is based on multiple parameters, and it is considered regionally applicable and is widely used. However, some divergence has been observed in the results of drought in China using different scPDSI_PM (scPDSI based on the Penman–Monteith model) datasets. We establish an integrated scPDSI dataset (scPDSI_PM_INT) by averaging three scPDSI products and analyse the temporal change and spatial characteristics of drought in China from 1950 to 2009. The annual and seasonal drought intensities have increased slightly in the past 60 years, while the disturbed area has broadened significantly, especially in eastern China which has become much drier than before. The drought intensity of most drought‐prone regions is slight and moderate, while severe and extreme droughts occur mostly in the Agro‐Pastoral Transitional Zone and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region.
Improved in‐solution trypsin digestion method for methanol–chloroform precipitated cellular proteomics sample
Authors: Shahinuzzaman A. D. A. , Chakrabarty Jayanta K. , Fang Zixiang , Smith David , Kamal Abu Hena Mostafa , Chowdhury Saiful M.
Published: February 2020

Methanol–chloroform based protein precipitation is an essential step in many liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry‐based cellular proteomics applications. However, re‐solubilization of the total protein precipitate is difficult using regular in‐solution digestion protocol. Sodium deoxycholate is reported as an efficient surfactant for re‐solubilization of membrane fractions. In this study, we demonstrated an application combining methanol–chloroform based protein precipitations and deoxycholic acid assisted re‐solubilization of pellets to evaluate the improvement of protein identifications in mass spectrometry‐based bottom‐up proteomics. We evaluated the modified method using an equal amount of Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell lysate. Detailed in‐solution trypsin digestion studies were presented on methanol–chloroform precipitated samples with or without deoxycholic acid treatments and compared with popular sample digestion methods. A mass spectrometric analysis confirmed an 82% increase in protein identification in deoxycholic acid‐treated samples compared to other established methods. Furthermore, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of an equal amount of proteins from methanol–chloroform precipitated, and methanol–chloroform/deoxycholic acid‐treated macrophage cell lysate showed a 14% increase and 27% unique protein identifications. We believe this improved digestion method could be a complementary or alternative method for mammalian cell sample preparations where sodium dodecyl sulfate based lysis buffer is frequently used.
Posttraumatic Growth After MDMA‐Assisted Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Gorman Ingmar , Belser Alexander B. , Jerome Lisa , Hennigan Colin , Shechet Ben , Hamilton Scott , Yazar‐Klosinski Berra , Emerson Amy , Feduccia Allison A.
Published: February 2020

3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)–assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to significantly reduce clinical symptomatology, but posttraumatic growth (PTG), which consists of positive changes in self‐perception, interpersonal relationships, or philosophy of life, has not been studied with this treatment. Participant data (n = 60) were pooled from three Phase 2 clinical studies employing triple‐blind crossover designs. Participants were required to meet DSM‐IV‐R criteria for PTSD with a score higher than 50 on the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS‐IV) as well as previous inadequate response to pharmacological and/or psychotherapeutic treatment. Data were aggregated into two groups: an active MDMA dose group (75–125 mg of MDMA; n = 45) or placebo/active control (0–40 mg of MDMA; n = 15). Measures included the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the CAPS‐IV, which were administered at baseline, primary endpoint, treatment exit, and 12‐month follow‐up. At primary endpoint, the MDMA group demonstrated more PTG, Hedges’ g = 1.14, 95% CI [0.49, 1.78], p < .001; and a larger reduction in PTSD symptom severity, Hedges’ g = 0.88, 95% CI [−0.28, 1.50], p < .001, relative to the control group. Relative to baseline, at the 12‐month follow‐up, within‐subject PTG was higher, p < .001; PTSD symptom severity scores were lower, p < .001; and two‐thirds of participants (67.2%) no longer met criteria for PTSD. MDMA‐assisted psychotherapy for PTSD resulted in PTG and clinical symptom reductions of large‐magnitude effect sizes. Results suggest that PTG may provide a new mechanism of action warranting further study.
Reasons Why Pregnant Women Participate in Ultrasound Research Involving Transvaginal Scans
Authors: Meagher Barbara T. , Campos Marissa R. , Thornton Patrick , Klima Carrie , Peters Tara A. , Hallberg Josefin , Ulfhager Emma , O'Brien William D. , McFarlin Barbara L.
Published: February 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the motivations of pregnant women in participating in an ultrasound study and the acceptability of vaginal ultrasound examinations.

Methods

A prospective sample of 270 women were asked one question: “Can you tell me what motivated you to participate in the study?” The data were then analyzed through a qualitative thematic analysis with an inductive approach. In addition to the thematic analysis, quantification of the data was performed to enhance the qualitative result.

Results

Through the thematic analysis, 5 themes emerged from the responses of the participants: altruism, research, personal experience, personal benefit, and finding out. All responses were relatively short, and some responses included more than one theme.

Conclusions

Vaginal ultrasound examinations were acceptable to the participants, and pregnant women had many motivations to participate. Regardless of race, ethnicity, or insurance status, the women in our study were altruistic and curious about our research.
Distinct Biomarker Profiles and Clinical Characteristics in T1‐T2 Glottic and Supraglottic Carcinomas
Authors: Wachters Jan E. , Kop Emiel , Slagter‐Menkema Lorian , Mastik Mirjam , van der Wal Jacqueline E. , van der Vegt Bert , de Bock Geertruida H. , van der Laan Bernard F.A.M. , Schuuring Ed
Published: February 2020

Background

In early stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) radiotherapy with curative intent is a major treatment modality. TNM classification is used to define patients eligible for radiotherapy. Studies in early stage glottic LSCC identified several predictive biomarkers associated with local control. However, we recently reported that this predictive value could not be confirmed in supraglottic LSCC.

Objective

To examine whether clinical behavior and protein expression patterns of these biomarkers differ between glottic and supraglottic LSCC.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Tumor tissue sections of 196 glottic and 80 supraglottic T1‐T2 LSCC treated primarily with RT were assessed immunohistochemically for expression of pAKT, Ki‐67 and β‐Catenin. Expression data of HIF‐1α, CA‐IX, OPN, FADD, pFADD, Cyclin D1, Cortactin and EGFR in the same cohort of glottic and supraglottic LSCC, were retrieved from previously reported data. The relationship between glottic and supraglottic sublocalization and clinicopathological, follow‐up, and immunohistochemical staining characteristics were evaluated using logistic regression and Cox regression analyses.

Results

Glottic LSCC were correlated with male gender (P = .001), hoarseness as a primary symptom (P < .001), T1 tumor stage (P < .001), negative lymph node status (P < .001), and an older age at presentation (P = .004). Supraglottic LSCC patients developed more post‐treatment distant metastasis when adjusted for gender, age, and T‐status. While supraglottic LSCC was associated with higher expression of HIF‐1α (P = .001), Cortactin (P < .001), EGFR (P < .001), and Ki‐67 (P = .027), glottic LSCC demonstrated higher expression of CA‐IX (P = .005) and Cyclin D1 (P = .001).

Conclusion

Differences in clinicopathological and immunohistochemical staining characteristics suggest that T1‐T2 glottic and supraglottic LSCC should be considered as different entities.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 2020
Outcomes of Two Treatments for Uncomplicated Pilonidal Sinus Disease: Karydakis Flap Procedure and Sinus Tract Ablation Procedure Using a 1,470 nm Diode Laser Combined With Pit Excision
Authors: Yardimci Veysi Hakan
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives

An ideal treatment for pilonidal disease should feature a low recurrence rate, minimal incision, and rapid return to daily activities. We compared the outcomes of the well‐defined Karydakis technique (KT) and a combination of pit excision (PE) and sinus tract ablation using 1,470‐nm diode laser.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

In this study, from January 2016 to January 2018, patients diagnosed with uncomplicated early‐stage pilonidal sinus disease were enrolled and were treated randomly, using KT (n = 28) or a PE/laser ablation technique (PE + LAT; n = 30).

Results

The mean operative times were 36.4 (25–45) minutes in the KT group and 15.1 (12–20) minutes in the PE + LAT group. Postoperative Visual Analog Scale pain scores were 4.4 in the KT group and 2.1 in the PE + LAT group. The time periods to return to normal daily activities were 2.6 (1–5) days in the PE + LAT group and 12.8 (10–20) days in the KT group. The mean Likert satisfaction scores were 3.8 in the KT group and 4.8 in the PE + LAT group. The groups did not differ in terms of recurrence.

Conclusions

Compared with the KT, the PE + LAT was associated with a shorter operative time, a more rapid return to normal activities, less pain, and a higher level of subjective satisfaction. We found that the PE + LAT was better than the KT for patients with early‐stage disease. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.