bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of New 2‐(Pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine Derivatives: In vitro Antibacterial and In silico Screening
Authors: Dupati Praveen , Sapuri‐Butti Annapoorna R. , Musini Anjaneyulu , Narayan Singh Himanshu
Published: March 2023

A library of N‐substituted 2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b] pyridine‐7‐carboxamide and (2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b] pyridin‐7‐yl) methanamine analogues synthesized by a series of condensation, oxidation, acid amide coupling and reductive amination reactions. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI‐MM MS analysis data. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity has been conducted on two Gram positive and one Gram negative bacteria. The results have exhibited that the nature of substrate has a profound effect on the biological activity. The biological activity has been conducted against Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus and the results were compared with the control Amikacin. Molecular docking and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) studies have been conducted on the selected compounds to further rationalize the results.
Premna integrifolia Linn: Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Effects
Authors: Rahman Atiqur , Siddiqui Shah Alam , Altun Muhammed , Demirtas Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

Premna integrifolia (PI) is a popular ethnomedicinal plant in Indian subcontinent and used for treating different types of ailments. Here, organic leaf extracts of PI have been studied for exploring phytochemical compositions and anti‐proliferative properties of those extracts. The extracts have been investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC/TOF‐MS, and fourteen phenolic compounds were identified including eupatorin, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, diosmin, and apigenin as major compounds. The GC/MS study of hexane extract identified 9‐octadecenoic acid, palmitic acid, phytol and stearic acid as main volatile organic compounds. xCELLigence (Real Time Cell Analyzer) has been used to study effects of different extracts on human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) at various concentrations. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited strong antiproliferative activities as a dose dependent manner. Our study explored PI as a source of biochemically active compounds having therapeutic potential as antiproliferative agent against cancer cells.
The Preparation of UiO‐66‐NH2/CNT Electrocatalyst and its High Catalytic Performance for Electrochemical Synthetic Ammonia in Neutral Electrolyte
Authors: Chen Shuang , Yin Fengxiang , He Xiaobo , Tan Jiabin
Published: March 2023

The electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a sustainable green ammonia synthesis technology. The core reaction involved in this process‐the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a slow kinetic reaction, which requires efficient catalysts to improve the ammonia yield rate. A series of UiO‐66‐NH2/CNT‐X (X=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 g) electrocatalysts with different carbon nanotube (CNT) content were synthesized by hydrothermal method. UiO‐66‐NH2/CNT‐0.15 with appropriate CNT content has the highest NH3 yield of 1.85×10−10 mol cm−2 s−1 (22.644 μg h−1 mgcat−1) at −0.3 V (vs. RHE), and the Faradaic efficiency (FE) is 37.78 %. The main reason is that the conductivity of CNT improves the charge transfer efficiency and ensures the effective electron conduction path of the catalyst. Besides, CNT in UiO‐66‐NH2/CNT‐X composite material inhibits the aggregation of UiO‐66‐NH2 particles, exposes more active sites and reduces the particle size of UiO‐66‐NH2. So, the synergistic effect between UiO‐66‐NH2 particles and CNT improves the ammonia yield.
Donor Influence on the Optoelectronic Properties of N‐Substituted Tetraphenylimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Matulaitis Tomas , dos Santos Paloma L. , Tsuchiya Youichi , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Adachi Chihaya , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: March 2023

Three new 1,2,4,5‐tetraphenylimidazole derivatives, 9,9‐dimethyl‐10‐(4‐(2,4,5‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DMAC‐TPI), 10‐(4‐(2,4,5‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐10H‐phenoxazine (PXZ‐TPI), and 10‐(4‐(2,4,5‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐10H‐phenothiazine (PTZ‐TPI), bearing different electron donors at the N1 position of the imidazole were synthesised and characterised. DMAC‐TPI and PXZ‐TPI showed narrow emission at λPL of 388 and 418 nm in toluene, and in doped films in Zeonex polymer (1 wt.%) at λPL 381 and 407 nm, respectively, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) ranging 0.42‐0.44 eV. DMAC‐TPI and PXZ‐TPI are predicted to show very low oscillator strength for the low‐energy transitions, which aligns to the observed low photoluminescence quantum yields. Both molecules showed a singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST of around 1.2 eV) that is much too large to enable reverse intersystem crossing and thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Connecting a donor group to TPI at the N1 position can lead to room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), as the example of PTZ‐TPI showed.
Controllable Exfoliation of MOF‐Derived Van Der Waals Superstructure into Ultrathin 2D B/N Co‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets: A Superior Catalyst for Ambient Ammonia Electrosynthesis
Authors: Yan Liting , Zhao Yanchao , Zhang Shuo , Guo Enyan , Han Cong , Jiang Huimin , Fu Qiuju , Yang Lingzhi , Niu Weijing , Xing Yanlong , Zheng Qiuju , Zhao Xuebo
Published: March 2023

The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to synthesize NH3 under ambient conditions is a promising alternative route to the conventional Haber–Bosch process, but it is still a great challenge to develop electrocatalysts’ high Faraday efficiency and ammonia yield. Herein, a facile and efficient exfoliation strategy to synthesize ultrathin 2D boron and nitrogen co‐doped porous carbon nanosheets (B/NC NS) via a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived van der Waals superstructure, is reported. The results of experiments and theoretical calculations show that the doping of boron and nitrogen can modulate the electronic structure of the adjacent carbon atoms; which thus, promotes the competitive adsorption of nitrogen and reduces the energy required for ammonia synthesis. The B/NC NS exhibits excellent catalytic performance and stability in electrocatalytic NRR, with a yield rate of 153.4 µg·h−1·mg−1 cat and a Faraday efficiency of 33.1%, which is better than most of the reported NRR electrocatalysts. The ammonia yield of B/NC NS can maintain 92.7% of the initial NRR activity after 48 h stability test. The authors’ controllable exfoliation strategy using MOF‐derived van der Waals superstructure can provide a new insight for the synthesis of other 2D materials.
Refractive Index‐Adaptive Nanoporous Chiral Photonic Crystal Film for Chemical Detection Visualized via Selective Reflection
Authors: Rella Avinash Kumar , Subedi Subhangi , Trung Le Gia , Kumar Vineet , Kim Suhyun , Kang Shin‐Woong
Published: March 2023

Photonic crystals (PC) are of great importance in technology, especially in optics and photonics. In general, the structural color of PCs responds to external stimuli primarily by changing their periodicity. Herein, the authors report on refractive index (RI) adaptive PCs. Cross‐linked cholesteric films with interconnected nanopores exhibit a very low RI without light scattering. Transparent PC films with maximum reflectance in the ultravoilet (UV) region respond to various chemicals by changing the reflective color of the PC. The authors demonstrate its unique colorimetric chemical detections of hazardous organic liquids. Loading various chemicals into nanopores significantly shifts the structural color into the visible range depending on the chemical's RI. These results are unique in that the structural color of photonic films is mediated by RI changes rather than periodicity changes. In principle, nanoporous photonic crystal films can detect the RI of a chemical substance by its unique color. In contrast to volumetric changes, this sensing mechanism offers several advantages, including durability, excellent sensitivity, fast response time, and wide detection range. These results provide useful insight into stimulus‐responsive PCs. The structural color of PC films can be effectively tuned by adjusting average RIs instead of changing periodicity.
Recent Progress of Single‐Atom Photocatalysts Applied in Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection
Authors: Li Chu‐fan , Pan Wei‐guo , Zhang Zhen‐rui , Wu Tong , Guo Rui‐tang
Published: March 2023

Photocatalysis driven by solar energy is a feasible strategy to alleviate energy crises and environmental problems. In recent years, significant progress has been made in developing advanced photocatalysts for efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. Single‐atom catalysts have the advantages of highly dispersed active sites, maximum atomic utilization, unique coordination environment, and electronic structure, which have become a research hotspot in heterogeneous photocatalysis. This paper introduces the potential supports, preparation, and characterization methods of single‐atom photocatalysts in detail. Subsequently, the fascinating effects of single‐atom photocatalysts on three critical steps of photocatalysis (the absorption of incident light to produce electron‐hole pairs, carrier separation and migration, and interface reactions) are analyzed. At the same time, the applications of single‐atom photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental protection (CO2 reduction, water splitting, N2 fixation, organic macromolecule reforming, air pollutant removal, and water pollutant degradation) are systematically summarized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of single‐atom catalysts in heterogeneous photocatalysis are discussed. It is hoped that this work can provide insights into the design, synthesis, and application of single‐atom photocatalysts and promote the development of high‐performance photocatalytic systems.
Microfluidic Approaches for Microactuators: From Fabrication, Actuation, to Functionalization
Authors: Ma Zhuo‐Chen , Fan Jiahao , Wang Hesheng , Chen Weidong , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Han Bing
Published: March 2023

Microactuators can autonomously convert external energy into specific mechanical motions. With the feature sizes varying from the micrometer to millimeter scale, microactuators offer many operation and control possibilities for miniaturized devices. In recent years, advanced microfluidic techniques have revolutionized the fabrication, actuation, and functionalization of microactuators. Microfluidics can not only facilitate fabrication with continuously changing materials but also deliver various signals to stimulate the microactuators as desired, and consequently improve microfluidic chips with multiple functions. Herein, this cross‐field that systematically correlates microactuator properties and microfluidic functions is comprehensively reviewed. The fabrication strategies are classified into two types according to the flow state of the microfluids: stop‐flow and continuous‐flow prototyping. The working mechanism of microactuators in microfluidic chips is discussed in detail. Finally, the applications of microactuator‐enriched functional chips, which include tunable imaging devices, micromanipulation tools, micromotors, and microsensors, are summarized. The existing challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. It is believed that with the rapid progress of this cutting‐edge field, intelligent microsystems may realize high‐throughput manipulation, characterization, and analysis of tiny objects and find broad applications in various fields, such as tissue engineering, micro/nanorobotics, and analytical devices.
Acoustomicrofluidic Defect Engineering and Ligand Exchange in ZIF‐8 Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Massahud Emily , Ahmed Heba , Babarao Ravichandar , Ehrnst Yemima , Alijani Hossein , Darmanin Connie , Murdoch Billy J. , Rezk Amgad R. , Yeo Leslie Y.
Published: March 2023

A way through which the properties of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can be tuned is by engineering defects into the crystal structure. Given its intrinsic stability and rigidity, however, it is difficult to introduce defects into zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs)—and ZIF‐8, in particular—without compromising crystal integrity. In this work, it is shown that the acoustic radiation pressure as well as the hydrodynamic stresses arising from the oscillatory flow generated by coupling high frequency (MHz‐order) hybrid surface and bulk acoustic waves into a suspension of ZIF‐8 crystals in a liquid pressure transmitting medium is capable of driving permanent structural changes in their crystal lattice structure. Over time, the enhancement in the diffusive transport of guest molecules into the material's pores as a consequence is shown to lead to expansion of the pore framework, and subsequently, the creation of dangling‐linker and missing‐linker defects, therefore offering the possibility of tuning the type and extent of defects engineered into the MOF through the acoustic exposure time. Additionally, the practical utility of the technology is demonstrated for one‐pot, simultaneous solvent‐assisted ligand exchange under ambient conditions, for sub‐micron‐dimension ZIF‐8 crystals and relatively large ligands—more specifically 2‐aminobenzimidazole—without compromising the framework porosity or overall crystal structure.
Bias correction for nonignorable missing counts of areal HIV new diagnosis
Authors: Qu Tianyi , Li Bo , Sally Chan Man‐pui , Albarracin Dolores
Published: March 2023

Public health data, such as HIV new diagnoses, are often left‐censored due to confidentiality issues. Standard analysis approaches that assume censored values as missing at random often lead to biased estimates and inferior predictions. Motivated by the Philadelphia areal counts of HIV new diagnosis for which all values less than or equal to 5 are suppressed, we propose two methods to reduce the adverse influence of missingness on predictions and imputation of areal HIV new diagnoses. One is the likelihood‐based method that integrates the missing mechanism into the likelihood function, and the other is a nonparametric algorithm for matrix factorization imputation. Numerical studies and the Philadelphia data analysis demonstrate that the two proposed methods can significantly improve prediction and imputation based on left‐censored HIV data. We also compare the two methods on their robustness to model misspecification and find that both methods appear to be robust for prediction, while their performance for imputation depends on model specification.
Werkstoffeigenschaften historischer Stähle der Messehalle 12 in Leipzig bei erhöhten Temperaturen
Authors: Neck Manuel , Reichel Susanne , Thieme Markus
Published: March 2023

Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags werden werkstoffliche Untersuchungen an historischen Stahlkonstruktionen beschrieben. Im Zuge des Umbaus der Messehalle 12 in Leipzig sollen Teile der ursprünglichen Tragkonstruktion denkmalgerecht ertüchtigt und in das neu entstehende Gebäude integriert werden. Um die Standsicherheit nachweisen zu können, wurden Materialuntersuchungen der Stähle und der Nietverbindungen sowohl unter Umgebungstemperatur als auch bei erhöhten Temperaturen durchgeführt. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen wurden in Analogie zu den Regelungen des Eurocode 3 Rechenwerte für die Nachweisführung abgeleitet.
Effect of increased carbon load on denitrification efficiency and nitrate isotope enrichment factors in subsurface wastewater infiltration system
Authors: Zhou Xulun , Li Haibo , Wang Ang , Gurmesa Geshere Abdisa , Wang Xueyan , Chen Xi , Zhang Chenxi
Published: March 2023

Denitrification plays a dominant role in nitrate removal in subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS). However, the effect of increased carbon (C) load on denitrification efficiency in the SWIS remain unclear. In this study, we used analyses of stable isotopes of nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) in nitrate to investigate the N and O isotope enrichment factors (15ε and 18ε) and quantified N losses via denitrification in SWIS. The results demonstrated that an increase in C loads positively affected the pollutant removal performance of SWIS. The natural abundance of 15N and 18O increased with decreasing nitrate concentration from 12.5 to 7.3 mg/L, accompanied by increased 15ε and 18ε from −8.7‰ to −10.6‰ and −5.9‰ to −8.2‰, respectively, as the C load increased from 18 to 36 g/(m2 d). The contribution of denitrification to nitrate removal was 62%, 71%, and 77% when C loads were 18, 27, and 36 g/(m2 d), respectively, indicating that increased C loads could improve the nitrate removal through denitrification in SWIS.

Practitioner Points

Increasing C loads positively affected the nitrate removal performance of SWIS.

N and O isotope enrichment factors of nitrate increased with the enhancement of influent C load.

A C load of 36 g/(m2 d) is recommended in SWIS to improve the N removal performance and denitrification efficiency.
Inferences with Propositional Questions
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano
Published: March 2023

In the previous chapter we have seen how classical propositional logic can be extended with questions, leading to the inquisitive propositional logic . In this section we will describe a natural deduction system for and show this system to be sound and complete. We will also use this system to make some more general points about the role of questions in inference and about the intuitive significance of supposing or concluding a question. Lastly, we will show that proofs in our system have an interesting kind of constructive content: a proof can generally be seen as encoding a method for turning resolutions of the assumptions into a corresponding resolution of the conclusion.
Questions in Predicate Logic
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano
Published: March 2023

In this chapter, we move on from propositional logic to the richer setting of predicate logic. We describe how classical first-order logic can be enriched with questions, leading to a system $$\textsf {InqBQ}$$
InqBQ
of inquisitive first-order logic (the in the acronym stands for quantification).
Relations with Dependence Logic
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano
Published: March 2023

We saw how by bringing questions into play in logic we can capture dependency relations as cases of (contextual or logical) entailment, and we can analyze such relations using standard tools of logic.
A Circumpolar Perspective on the Contribution of Trees to the Boreal Forest Carbon Balance
Authors: Pappas Christoforos , Babst Flurin , Fatichi Simone , Klesse Stefan , Paschalis Athanasios , Peters Richard L.
Published: March 2023

Partitioned estimates of the boreal forest carbon (C) sink components are crucial for understanding processes and developing science-driven adaptation and mitigation strategies under climate change. Here, we provide a concise tree-centered overview of the boreal forest C balance and offer a circumpolar perspective on the contribution of trees to boreal forest C dynamics. We combine an ant’s-eye view, based on quantitative in situ observations of C balance, with a bird’s-eye perspective on C dynamics across the circumboreal region using large-scale data sets. We conclude with an outlook addressing the trajectories of the circumboreal C dynamics in response to projected environmental changes.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Tree-Ring Growth in Cold Climates
Authors: Shishov Vladimir V. , Arzac Alberto , Popkova Margarita I. , Yang Bao , He Minhui , Vaganov Eugene A.
Published: March 2023

The medium- and long-term projections of global climate models show the effects of global warming will be most pronounced in cold climate areas, especially in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The consequences could involve a higher probability of global natural disasters and a higher uncertainty as to plant response to climate risk. In this chapter, we describe life under a cold climate, particularly in relation to forest ecosystems, species distribution, and local conditions in the Northern Hemisphere. We analyze recent climate trends and how the ongoing and future climate changes can affect the sensitivity of conifer species, the most common tree form in the boreal regions. We combine experimental data and theoretical process-based simulations involving tree-ring width, tree-ring density, and wood anatomy. This combined approach permits assessing a longer tree-ring record that overlaps with direct instrumental climate observations. The latter are currently experiencing the divergence problem in which tree-ring growth has diverged from the trends of the main climatic drivers. Given that most process-based models are multidimensional, the parameterization described in this chapter is key for obtaining reliable tree growth simulations connected with a site-specific climate, tree species, and the individual trajectory of tree development. Our approach combining experimental and theoretical approaches in xylogenesis is of interest to forest ecologists, physiologists, and wood anatomists.
Plantation Forestry, Tree Breeding, and Novel Tools to Support the Sustainable Management of Boreal Forests
Authors: Thiffault Nelson , Lenz Patrick R. N. , Hjelm Karin
Published: March 2023

Successful stand regeneration is one of the keystone elements of sustainable forest management. It ensures that ecosystems submitted to stand-replacing disturbances return to a forested state so that they can maintain the provision of wood fiber, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and other ecosystem services. This chapter describes how plantation forestry, including tree breeding, and novel tools, such as genomic selection, can support the sustainable management of boreal forests in the face of climate change by, among other benefits, reducing management pressure on natural forests and favoring ecosystem restoration.
Silviculture of Mixed-Species and Structurally Complex Boreal Stands
Authors: Raymond Patricia , Löf Magnus , Comeau Phil , Rytter Lars , Girona Miguel Montoro , Puettmann Klaus J.
Published: March 2023

Understanding structurally complex boreal stands is crucial for designing ecosystem management strategies that promote forest resilience under global change. However, current management practices lead to the homogenization and simplification of forest structures in the boreal biome. In this chapter, we illustrate two options for managing productive and resilient forests: (1) the managing of two-aged mixed-species forests; and (2) the managing of multi-aged, structurally complex stands. Results demonstrate that multi-aged and mixed stand management are powerful silvicultural tools to promote the resilience of boreal forests under global change.
Strategies for the Ecological Restoration of the Boreal Forest Facing Climate Change
Authors: Kuuluvainen Timo , Nummi Petri
Published: March 2023

The large-scale simplification of boreal forest ecosystem structure, composition, and processes to boost timber production, combined with the increasing pressure of climate change, has created an urgent need to restore forest biodiversity and resilience. However, the issue of restoration is relatively new in boreal forests, and there are no established strategies to guide restoration planning and action. Here we provide an overview of suggested strategic concepts and approaches for boreal forest ecosystem restoration and discuss their applicability to various situations. The key strategic questions in restoration for attaining a favorable conservation status of native ecosystem types and their intrinsic dynamics in a given area are: what, how much, and when to restore? We conclude that adaptive capacity should serve as an overarching strategic framework in boreal forest restoration during times of rapid climate change.
Forest Certification in Boreal Forests: Current Developments and Future Directions
Authors: McDermott Constance L. , Elbakidze Marine , Teitelbaum Sara , Tysiachniouk Maria
Published: March 2023

Forest certification has expanded rapidly in boreal forests as a means to verify responsible management. It was spearheaded in the early 1990s by civil society organizations concerned about the negative impacts of industrial forestry on biodiversity and the rights of Indigenous and local communities. Certification standards are agreed by multistakeholder groups and outline a set of environmental and social requirements. Forest companies that meet those standards can put a green label on their wood products, thus gaining market recognition for good forest practice. This chapter reviews the particular challenges facing certification in the boreal region and the ongoing debates about how best to address those challenges. It examines differences between certification schemes and variations in requirements across world regions on key issues, such as protecting the rights of Indigenous and local communities and management of woodland caribou. It finds, for example, that the recognition and protection of Indigenous rights are more comprehensive in Canada than in Russia. This highlights the political and dynamic nature of certification as it evolves and adapts to changing social and environmental contexts.
Public Participation at a Crossroads: Manipulation or Meaningful Engagement in the Boreal Region
Authors: Parkins John R. , Sinclair A. John
Published: March 2023

Advances in public participation are stimulated by multiple drivers, including public concern for environmental degradation, conflict between forest users, Indigenous rights, and international agreements. Yet, with many notable advances, innovation has stagnated, and the quality of participatory processes in forest management is highly variable. The body of evidence to date demonstrates weaknesses in the design and implementation of participatory processes. With examples from Europe and North America, in this chapter we note that public engagement is often mostly about legitimating predefined plans and policies, narrow technical discussions that malign the inherently political nature of forest management, and participants that are not representative of the general public. To move beyond these challenges, we propose several changes, including technological innovations such as web-based and emerging social media platforms and institutional innovations such as episodic and punctuated modes of engagement that are part of an overall participation plan.
Remote Sensing at Local Scales for Operational Forestry
Authors: Vepakomma Udayalakshmi , Cormier Denis , Hansson Linnea , Talbot Bruce
Published: March 2023

The success of current and future forest management, particularly when dealing with triggered changes stemming from extreme climate change–induced events, will require prompt, timely, and reliable information obtained at local scales. Remote sensing platforms and sensors have been evolving, emerging, and converging with enabling technologies that can potentially have an enormous impact in providing reliable decision support and making forest operations more coherent with climate change mitigation and adaptation objectives.
Sustainable Seafood Consumption: A Matter of Individual Choice or Global Market? A Window into Dublin’s Seafood Scene
Authors: Scherer Cordula , Cretella Agnese
Published: March 2023

Seafood consumption is considered a key element for food security and for nutrition related policies. However, seafood is often not easily accessible or perceived as a popular option even by those living in close proximity to the sea, especially in the western world. Common culprits are usually identified as a lack of specialized shops, culinary knowledge or as the disconnection with local coastal cultural heritage. This is, for instance, the case in Ireland: Irish waters provide a great diversity of seafood and yet, its domestic consumption remains unusually low for an island nation. Most of Ireland’s seafood is exported to other countries, whilst the Irish stick to the popular salmon, cod and tuna; a consumption habit that has obvious sustainability externalities. This contribution aims to unpack the issues connected to seafood consumption in Ireland’s coastal capital Dublin and offers a window into the city’s seafood scene. Data presented were gained within Food Smart Dublin, a multidisciplinary research project designed to encourage a behavioural shift of consumption towards more sustainable local seafood. The project’s purpose was to reconnect Dublin’s society with their tangible and intangible coastal cultural heritage by rediscovering and adapting historical recipes. The paper thus connects past, present, and future perspectives on the topic. First, the past is explored by delineating the potential of marine historical heritage in stimulating sustainable seafood consumption with the reintroduction of traditional Irish recipes. The present offers a data snapshot on consumption patterns towards seafood gathered from structured online questionnaires results from the Food Smart Dublin project. Respondents offered insights into their relationship with the sea, on the frequency with which they consume seafood and the obstacles they see in consuming more of it. Finally, these perspectives delineate possible future scenarios and recommended governance actions to support policymakers in designing a better and more sustainable seafood system.
Societal Transformations and Governance Challenges of Coastal Small-Scale Fisheries in the Northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Salmi Pekka , Arias-Schreiber Milena , Svels Kristina
Published: March 2023

Our chapter adds a northern dimension to the discussion about the past, present and future of small-scale fisheries and their governance. For centuries, extraction of fish resources has been of utmost importance in many coastal areas of the Baltic Sea and small-scale fisheries have survived due to the robustness of the social institutions that have helped them adapt throughout periods of economic and social upheaval. Lately, the fishing livelihood has been undergoing a continuous process of contraction and concentration in terms of vessel numbers and employment. Leisure use of water areas, nature conservation and science-based governance systems have challenged fishers’ access to fish resources. Especially in the northern parts of the Baltic Sea, the viability and future of coastal small-scale fisheries is severely challenged by problems caused by fish-eating animals, mainly grey seals and cormorants. We draw upon interactive governance theory to compare experiences on Finnish and Swedish small-scale fisheries governance. Our conclusion is that the present governance system is incompatible with the small-scale fisheries context, and propose creating new co-governance arrangements where small-scale fishers’ interests, values and local knowledge are better integrated into a governance system.
The Plastic Bag Habit and the Ocean Bali: From Banana Leaf Wrappings to Reusable Bags
Authors: Spranz Roger , Schlüter Achim
Published: March 2023

The pollution of the oceans by plastic waste is a growing threat to marine life, ecosystems, livelihoods of coastal communities and the health of human beings in general. Indonesia is the world’s second largest source of marine plastic pollution. As an island state, plastic litter is regularly flushed into the sea. In this study we explore some behavioural and cultural reasons for the high consumption and pollution by plastic bags on Bali and locally adapted solutions. The data was collected from interviews and surveys with shop owners and customers, religious leaders, students, lecturers and activists during 3 years of research in the region. The analysis is structured in three parts: first, understanding the relevant concepts that inform Balinese perception of the natural environment; second, analysing the popularity and aversions among local Balinese in regard to plastic bags; third, investigating a local initiative working towards a ban of plastic bags. Based on these three parts we identified promising approaches that can effectively support local initiatives and awareness campaigns.
Knowing the Ocean: Epistemic Inequalities in Patterns of Science Collaboration
Authors: Hornidge Anna-Katharina , Partelow Stefan , Knopf Kerstin
Published: March 2023

Ocean governance requires us to know the ocean. However, the knowledge systems that have shaped how and why we know the current ocean have been historically limited. In the present, they often subdue other knowledge systems that, if and when recognized and included into governing processes, not only move towards social justice and inclusion but can also improve decision-making and practical outcomes. The concept of epistemic inequalities encapsulates the disparities between different ways of knowing and their influence in ocean governance. For example, since the rise of colonial Europe, European-centric white male ideologies have long dominated global development practices. Within science, some disciplines have substantially more power than others, represented by funding and policy influence. In turn, local and indigenous knowledge systems, feminist ideologies and a broader range of highly valuable ways of knowing and doing in the sciences are far from equally participating in shaping ocean development discourses, decision-making and governance processes affecting the future of ocean sustainability. This chapter provides a theoretical basis for unpacking such epistemic inequalities in ocean governance, and thus setting a foundation for critically reflecting on the context and knowledge within the chapters of this book.
Managing Fish or Governing Fisheries? An Historical Recount of Marine Resources Governance in the Context of Latin America – The Ecuadorian Case
Authors: Barragán-Paladines María José , Schoon Michael , D’Escury Winny Collot , Chuenpagdee Ratana
Published: March 2023

The narratives and images about ocean and its resources governance, their use and value have deep roots in human history. Traditionally, the contemporary images of fish and fisheries have been shaped under the cultural construction of power, wealth and exclusion, and also as one of poverty and marginalization. This perception was formed on early notions of natural (marine) resources access and use that were born within the colonial machinery that ruled the world from the Middle Ages until late XVII. This research explores the historical overview of marine resources usage and governance in Latin America, from a ‘critical approach to development’ perspective, by following a narrative description based on a ‘three-acts’ format. It illustrates how and to what extent politics, power and knowledge have deeply influenced policies and practices at exploring the marine and terrestrial resources and at managing fish and seafood, historically, and how the fisheries resources’ management practices are influenced by principles of appropriation, regulation and usage, put in place already in the XV century that were imposed at the conquering and colonization of the Americas, disregarded previous governance practices. This article argues that fisheries governance cannot be improved without some appreciation for the social, historical, geopolitical, and cultural significance of the fishing resources themselves, of the perceptions of them by humans, and of the interactions Global North-Global South. The analysis also opens the dialogue about what kind of ocean and governance “science” we want, to support decisions, policies and practices regarding fisheries governance. Final thoughts highlight a reflection about whose knowledge is created and used to support decision and policy making in Ecuador.
Making Marine Spatial Planning Matter
Authors: Flannery Wesley
Published: March 2023

Over the last decade, Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) has become one of the key components of marine governance. In the European Union, member states are working towards the development of their first plans under the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive. Internationally, UNESCO and the European Commission have launched their MSP Global initiative to speed up the implementation of MSP around the world. MSP is also framed as being a key mechanism for sustainably realising the benefits of the Blue Economy and emerging Green Deals. During this same period, however, a substantial body of critical academic work has emerged that questions whether the implementation of MSP will transform unsustainable marine governance and management practices. This scholarship illustrates that the current trajectory of many MSP initiatives is to preserve the status quo and that they fail to adequately address longstanding marine governance issues. Drawing on Flyvbjerg’s vital treatise on phronetic social science, this chapter will explore: where is MSP going; who gains and loses, and how they do so; is this desirable, and if not, what can be done to make MSP matter? I particularly focus on mechanisms of winning and losing, characterising them as key tensions in MSP processes that can be unsettled to make MSP more transformative.
Managing Land Sea Interactions: Case Studies of Coastal Governance in Four EU Member States
Authors: Lawlor Paul , Depellegrin Daniel
Published: March 2023

Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, EU member states are committed to delivering Good Environmental Status in EU marine and coastal areas but the risk of damage from land based pollutants is rising, along with increased economic uses and activities in marine and coastal areas. While it is accepted that land sea interactions need to be managed, and uses and activities in our marine and coastal areas must be regulated, the complexity and dynamic nature of land sea connections create challenges for governance systems. This chapter reviews the marine and coastal management systems in operation in Ireland, Romania, Spain and France. Using relevant case studies at national, sub national and local level, we assess their capacity to manage complex and dynamic land sea interactions. We further examine their ability to achieve integrated, multiscalar and cross sectoral governance of their marine and coastal areas. Recommendations to assist EU member states who are developing marine and coastal governance systems are also provided.
Electromechanical In Silico Testing Alters Predicted Drug-Induced Risk to Develop Torsade de Pointes
Authors: Busatto Anna , Krauß Jonathan , Kruithof Evianne , Arevalo Hermenegild , Herck Ilse van
Published: March 2023

Torsade de Pointes (TdP) is a type of ventricular tachycardia that can occur as a side effect of several medications. The Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) is a novel testing paradigm that utilizes single cell electrophysiological simulations to predict TdP risk for drugs that could potentially be used clinically. However, the effects on mechanical performance and mechano-electrical feedback are neglected. Here, we demonstrate that including electromechanical simulations in CiPA testing can provide additional insights into the predicted drug-induced TdP risk. In this work, we analyzed six drugs, namely flecainide, ibutilide, metronidazole, mexiletine, quinidine and ranolazine. We compared previously classified risks (low, intermediate, high) with our fully coupled electromechanical simulation results based upon the action potential, the electromechanical window, and the maximum active tension [1]. For ranolazine and metronidazole the predicted risk changed from low to intermediate and intermediate to high, respectively. For the latter, while electrophysiological markers indicated a low risk, the active tension decreased by 58% which can result in a loss of heart function. Therefore, adding mechanics to CiPA testing results in an altered prediction of drug-related TdP risk.
Inducing Flow Instabilities in Aneurysm Geometries via the Reynolds-Orr Method
Authors: Contri Alessandro , Taylor Christina , Tso Justin , Gjerde Ingeborg
Published: March 2023

Ruptured intracranial aneurysms are the leading cause of hemorrhagic strokes. Although intracranial aneurysms are prevalent in as much as 4% of the adult population, most aneurysms do not rupture, and their growth and risk of rupture remains difficult to predict. Previous studies have identified abnormal wall shear stress patterns and blood pressure spikes, both features of unstable flows, as key factors in aneurysm behavior. While computational fluid dynamics has been enlisted to help study risk of rupture, no consensus has been established on how to impose unstable flow conditions. Here, we use Reynolds-Orr instability analysis to calculate flow perturbations that are capable of inducing unstable flow in 3D arterial geometries with and without aneurysms. These perturbations lay the foundation for future wall shear stress studies by providing mathematically consistent conditions for time-dependent Navier-Stokes simulations.
Impact of Pathological Vascular Remodelling on Right Ventricular Mechanics
Authors: Cui Jiaxin , Domingo Mariluz Rojo , Konno Ryan , Manetti Claudia A , Kagugube George , Odeigah Oscar , Sundnes Joakim
Published: March 2023

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, often followed by right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. The effect of PAH and its treatments on the mechanics, function, and remodelling of the right ventricle (RV) is currently not well understood. To study cardiac biomechanics and functionality as PAH progresses, we implemented a computational model of the heart simulating right ventricular maladaptive remodelling. Our Windkessel-based model, which accounts for direct ventricular interaction and the presence of the pericardium, is utilized to simulate various disease stages of PAH. We find that the pericardium has a larger effect on heart performance than ventricular interaction through the septum.We also examined the effectiveness of two treatments, ventricular assist device (RVAD) and atrial septostomy, on diseased hearts. We show that while both pulsatile and continuous RVADs restore cardiac function, pulsatile RVAD improves cardiac output 29.4% more than continuous RVAD. We also demonstrate that atrial septostomy improves cardiac output by 19.5%. Our model can be further extended by simulating the heart’s response to other treatments such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and by incorporating ventricular remodelling growth simulations and finite-element ventricular modelling.
Digitale Literaturwissenschaft. Zur Einführung
Authors: Jannidis Fotis
Published: March 2023

Der Begriff ‚digitale Literaturwissenschaft‘ ist, wie die vergleichbare Formulierung ‚digitale Geisteswissenschaften‘, eine Verlegenheitslösung, um allzu barocke Bezeichnungen zu vermeiden. Genauer wäre es, von der Literaturwissenschaft im Kontext der Digitalisierung und Vernetzung zu sprechen. Digitalisierung und Vernetzung betreffen den Gegenstand der Literaturwissenschaft, also literarische Texte im weitesten Sinne sowie die verschiedenen Formen gesellschaftlicher Kommunikation über diese Texte, ebenso wie die disziplinären Methoden der Aufbereitung des Gegenstands sowie der Analyse und die Schnittstellen des Fachs zu den angrenzenden Institutionen, insbesondere den Bibliotheken und Archiven.
Unterwegs zum Text ohne Herausgeber und ohne Leser. Eine medienpragmatische und medientheoretische Standortbestimmung der digitalen Edition
Authors: Braun Manuel , Glauch Sonja , Kragl Florian
Published: March 2023

Die Digitalität bestimmt zunehmend auch die geisteswissenschaftliche Edition, wobei der Computer nicht mehr nur als Hilfsmittel und das Internet nicht mehr nur als Datenspeicher dienen. Vielmehr werden die Editionen von vorneherein als Online-Editionen konzipiert. Die Bedingungen, denen sie dann unterliegen, werden allerdings nur selten explizit benannt. Hier setzt der Beitrag an, indem er, basierend auf einer Sichtung aktueller digitaler Editionen, diesen revolutionären Umbruch medienpragmatisch reflektiert. In den Blick genommen werden die Vorgaben, die das digitale Medium der Edition macht; die Möglichkeiten, die es ihr bietet; seine Auswirkungen auf Textkritik und Textherstellung; sowie die Chancen, aber auch Herausforderungen für die Rezipienten. Zuletzt versucht der Beitrag, in die Zukunft zu schauen und zu überlegen, wie sich digitales Edieren und digitales Lesen gestalten werden, wenn vorhandene, gerade auch maschinelle Techniken eingesetzt und weitere, neue entwickelt werden.
Historisch-kritische Ausgabe digital. Eine Reformulierung der neugermanistischen Edition
Authors: Nutt-Kofoth Rüdiger
Published: March 2023

Der folgende Beitrag behandelt die neugermanistische Digitale Edition in ihren theoretischen Prämissen sowie ihren strukturellen und methodischen Gegebenheiten. Die technologischen Rahmen der Digitalen Edition werden auf dieser Basis mitbedacht; es stehen aber nicht technische Einzelheiten in Hinblick auf divergente Software-Grundlagen oder spezifische Tools im Zentrum des hier vorgelegten Diskussionsbeitrags. Er versteht sich daher als philologischer, nicht als informatikzentrierter Blick auf das in Rede stehende Objekt. Dies erscheint deshalb angemessen, weil die philologisch-phänomenologische Perspektive helfen kann, die im Titel des Beitrags annoncierte Reformulierung der neugermanistischen Edition vor dem Hintergrund auch der Geschichte von Theorie und Praxis der weit über ein Jahrhundert alten Historisch-kritischen Ausgabe und ihrer historischen Errungenschaften und Standards anzugehen.
Diskussionsbericht Sektion II. Digitale Edition und Annotation
Authors: Borek Luise
Published: March 2023

Die sieben Beiträge der Sektion Digitale Edition und Annotation befassten sich mit dem Edieren von Texten im digitalen Raum, dem Prozess ihrer Aufbereitung und den dabei verwendeten Methoden. Die Reflexion dieser Praxis bezieht sich nicht nur auf einen medialen Transformationsprozess – sie erlaubt und erfordert es auch, grundlegende philologische Aktivitäten neu zu verhandeln.
Einführung
Authors: Meister Jan Christoph
Published: March 2023

Spätestens seit dem Strukturalismus gilt die Befassung mit formalen Eigenschaften literarischer Texte nicht nur für die literaturwissenschaftliche Befassung mit lyrischen Texten als ein methodisches sine qua non. Auch in Hinblick auf Texte der dramatischen und epischen Gattung ruht eine wissenschaftliche, rational argumentierenden Auseinandersetzung nach dem gegenwärtigen Selbstverständnis moderner Literaturwissenschaften, wo sich diese als Textwissenschaften definieren, mittlerweile notwendig auf einer methodisch ausgewiesenen Textanalyse auf.
What are they Talking About? A Systematic Exploration of Theme Identification Methods for Character Speech in Dramatic Texts
Authors: Reiter Nils , Willand Marcus
Published: March 2023

This article systematically explores different methods to describe and compare the thematic content of character speech in drama. The problems here are two-fold: The determination of the theme of a text segment is challenging, as it might be subtle or deliberately hidden. Secondly, the evaluation of this determination is difficult, because gold standards do not exist. We approach these problems by comparing the output of different systems to previously stated expectations (postulates) that are partially derived from drama theory and history. Results show that all systems currently have difficulties reaching high performance numbers. Topic modeling and systems based on a general-purpose dictionary (GermaNet) achieve comparable performance.