bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A timely helping hand: China‐U.S. Trade War, government subsidy, and firm innovation
Authors: Chen Ze , Yang Qiming , Wu Zhihao , Min Jiajun
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the impact and mechanism of the China‐U.S. trade war on firm innovation in China exploiting the trade war as a quasi‐natural experiment using firm‐level data from 2015 to 2020. We apply textual analysis to annual reports of listed firms to identify treatment and control groups. Our DID estimates show that while the trade war is a negative shock, it has increased the number of total patent applications, invention patent applications, and non‐invention patent applications by 6.0%, 3.7%, and 4.1%, respectively. We also observe that government subsidies could help firms resist adverse shocks on time with more innovation outcomes. Furthermore, we find the pertinence of government subsidy. The government tended to grant subsidies to firms that have trade connections with the U.S. and firms would use subsidies for R&D to increase innovation. Overall, we find that the trade war prompts the government to increase subsidies for firms, thereby boosting innovation.
An integrated EOS, pore‐crush, strength and damage model framework for near‐field ground‐shock
Authors: Bennett Kane C. , Stahl Alyson M. , Canfield Thomas R. , Euler Garrett G.
Published: April 2024

An integrated Equation of State (EOS) and strength/pore‐crush/damage model framework is provided for modeling near to source (near‐field) ground‐shock response, where large deformations and pressures necessitate coupling EOS with pressure‐dependent plastic yield and damage. Nonlinear pressure‐dependence of strength up to high‐pressures is combined with a Modified Cam‐Clay‐like cap‐plasticity model in a way to allow degradation of strength from pore‐crush damage, what we call the “Yp‐Cap” model. Nonlinear hardening under compaction allows modeling the crush‐out of pores in combination with a fully saturated EOS, that is, for modeling partially saturated ground‐shock response, where air‐filled voids crush. Attention is given to algorithmic clarity and efficiency of the provided model, and the model is employed in example numerical simulations, including finite element simulations of underground explosions to exemplify its robustness and utility.
Pre‐pregnancy maternal obesity and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes in Latino infants
Authors: Babaei Mahsa , Machle Christopher J. , Mokhtari Pari , Ottino González Jonatan , Schmidt Kelsey A. , Alderete Tanya L. , Adise Shana , Peterson Bradley S. , Goran Michael I.
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study explores the impact of maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI on infant neurodevelopment at 24 months in low‐income Latino families. It also investigates whether infant diet mediates this relationship.

Methods

Latino mother‐infant pairs (n = 163) were enrolled at 1 month post partum and were followed for 2 years, with assessments at 6‐month intervals. Maternal pre‐pregnancy anthropometrics were self‐reported at baseline, and child neurodevelopment was assessed at 24 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Diet quality of infants was measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)‐2015 and HEI‐Toddlers‐2020 scores at multiple time points. Mediation and regression models that adjust for maternal factors were used to examine the associations.

Results

Pre‐pregnancy BMI showed significant negative associations with child cognitive scores (β = −0.1, 95% CI: −0.2 to −0.06, p < 0.001) and language scores (β = −0.1, 95% CI: −0.2 to −0.03, p = 0.01) at 24 months. Infant HEI‐2015 scores at 24 months partly mediated these associations, explaining 23% and 30% of the total effect on cognitive and language subscales, respectively. No specific dietary components in infants mediated the relationship, except for the total HEI‐2015 score.

Conclusions

Managing maternal obesity pre‐pregnancy is crucial for improving infant neurodevelopmental outcomes, especially in low‐income Latino families. Promoting healthy weight and enhancing infant diet quality can enhance neurodevelopment in these populations.
Event‐triggered H∞ and reduced‐order asynchronous filtering for fuzzy Markov jump systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Vigneshwar B. , Ali M. Syed , Perumal R. , Priya Bandana , Thakur Ganesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

The challenge of and asynchronous reduced‐order design for Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with time‐varying delays under the event‐triggered scheme (ETS) is investigated in this dissertation. A distributed event‐triggered strategy is provided on the basis of the specified triggering function to ensure consensus in the system, so effectively reducing data transmission. The existence conditions for a class of Markovian jump discrete‐time systems are determined. Unlike previous results, we present a novel membership function‐dependent fuzzy Lyapunov‐Krasovsikii (L‐K) functional with mode‐dependent integral terms, resulting in a stochastically stable filtering error system with the desired performance. By solving linear matrix inequality (LMIs), the recommended filter parameters are achieved. The proposed reduced‐order filter is demonstrated in numerical examples as effective as it is advantageous.
Changing discourse of public administration: Where PAD stands?
Authors: Rajan Swarn , Sen Aariya
Published: April 2024

Public administration in the recent years has become a very dynamic and vast domain owing to evolving challenges. Our study aims to comparatively evaluate the changing discourse in public administration research in general and ‘Public Administration and Development’ (PAD) in particular. For this purpose, we have taken research articles from nine journals of public administration domain for the period of 2010–2022. We have used the text‐mining based approach of Dynamic Topic Modelling to understand the evolution of topics in public administration research. This is followed by the Named Entity Recognition (NER) to discover the geographic importance given in public administration research vis‐à‐vis PAD. We have used the measure of ‘Jaccard similarity’ to compare the changing discourse of PAD with respect to other journals. We have found that topics on approaches to governance, organization performance and health were always on the priority in literature. We have also found that topic coverage in PAD is more diverse and niche compared to the overall trends in public administration research. NER findings suggest that public administration research is more Euro‐North American centric while PAD has pan‐continental presence with focus on developing countries.
The developmental cognitive mechanism of learning algebraic rules from the dual‐process theory perspective
Authors: Xiao Feng , Liang Kun , Sun Tie , He Fengqi
Published: April 2024

Rule learning is an important ability that enables human beings to adapt to nature and develop civilizations. There have been many discussions on the mechanism and characteristics of algebraic rule learning, but there are still controversies due to the lack of theoretical guidance. Based on the dual‐process theory, this study discussed the following arguments for algebraic rule learning across human and animal studies: whether algebraic rule learning is simply Type 1 processing, whether algebraic rule learning is a domain‐general ability, whether algebraic rule learning is shared by humans and animals, and whether an algebraic rule is learned consciously. Moreover, we propose that algebraic rule learning is possibly a cognitive process that combines both Type 1 and Type 2 processing. Further exploration is required to establish the essence and neural basis of algebraic rule learning.
Tuning the structure of pendant groups in poly(α‐arylTMC)s: A pathway to high glass transition temperature
Authors: Patra Robisankar , Yadav Monika , Anbarasu Manjushri , Manjithaya Ravi , Rajaram Sridhar
Published: April 2024

Aliphatic polycarbonates have been explored as environmentally benign alternatives to aromatic polycarbonates. Improvements to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of aliphatic polycarbonates have been pursued by several groups. We recently showed that attaching a pendant aromatic group to poly(TMC) can enhance the Tg. Also, we have shown that para substituents on the pendant group have an impact on the Tg. Here, we have explored the role of bulky pendant groups and the effect of substituent position on the pendant aromatic ring. We prepared novel naphthalene‐derived poly(TMC)s as well as 2‐Br‐substituted poly(PhTMC). The 2‐bromophenyl derivative showed a Tg of 69.5 °C which represents a nominal increase in comparison to the 4‐bromo derivative that we reported earlier. This suggests that the position of the substituent does not have a critical impact on Tg. With naphthalene derivatives, the increase in steric bulk led to an increase in Tg. Increase of chain length beyond fifty monomer units had a minimal impact on Tg. Finally, when 4‐bromonaphthyl moiety was the pendant group, we observed a Tg of 97 °C. This demonstrates that Tg can be varied significantly by modifying the pendant groups. We have also shown that the 1,3‐diols used in our polymer are non‐cytotoxic.
The potential role of Hypericum perforatum in wound healing: A literature review on the phytochemicals, pharmacological approaches, and mechanistic perspectives
Authors: Farasati Far Bahareh , Gouranmohit Ghazaleh , Naimi‐jamal Mohammad Reza , Neysani Erfan , El‐Nashar Heba A. S. , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Khoshnevisan Kamyar
Published: April 2024

St. John's Wort, commonly known as Hypericum perforatum L., is a flowering plant in the Clusiaceae family that traditionally been employed for treating anxiety, depression, wounds, burns, sunburn, irritation, and stomach ailments. This review provides a synopsis of H. perforatum L. phytoconstituents and their biological effects, highlighting its beneficial therapeutic properties for dermatological indications, as well as its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐angiogenic activity in various applications including wound healing and skin conditions such as eczema, sun burn and minor burns also spastic paralysis, stiff neck and mood disorders as anti‐depressant and nerve pains such as neuralgia. The data were collected from several databases as Web of Science PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar using the terms: “H. perforatum L.”, “H. perforatum L. /phytochemistry,” and “H. perforatum extracts/wound healing” collected from 1994 to 2023. The findings suggest H. perforatum L. acts through various mechanisms and plays a role in each phase of the wound healing process, including re‐epithelialization, angiogenesis, wound contraction, and connective tissue regeneration. H. perforatum L. enhances collagen deposition, decreases inflammation, inhibits fibroblast migration, and promotes epithelialization by increasing the number of fibroblasts with polygonal shape and the number of collagen fibers within fibroblasts. H. Perforatum L. extracts modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation were found to accelerate the wound healing process via inhibition of inflammatory mediators' production like interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, cyclooxygenase‐2 gene expression, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Thus, H. perforatum L. represents a potential remedy for a wide range of dermatological problems, owing to its constituents with beneficial therapeutic properties. H. perforatum L. could be utilized in the development of novel wound healing therapies.
Improved Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm for Low‐Density Parity‐Check Channel Decoding
Authors: Zeng Han , Meng Fanxu , Luan Tian , Yu Xutao , Zhang Zaichen
Published: April 2024

Quantum computing shows promise for 6G networks due to its parallel computing capabilities. In the context of the Noisy Intermediate‐Scale Quantum era, the introduction of hybrid quantum‐classical algorithms like Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) offer powerful solutions to many combinatorial optimization problems in 6G. This paper focuses on Low‐Density Parity‐Check (LDPC) channel decoding and proposes an improved QAOA algorithm assisted by the learning‐to‐learn strategy. We also investigate the parameter concentration phenomenon in QAOA‐based LDPC decoding to assess the rationality. To evaluate effectiveness, a comprehensive numerical expression for the energy expectation of single‐layer QAOA and propose indicators for transfer performance evaluation is provided. Based on simulation results, the similarity in parameter distribution across specific LDPC configurations is investigated. This similarity facilitates the transfer of training outcomes from smaller to larger‐scale problems for optimization initialization, thereby avoiding the need for retraining. This approach offers insights and potential solutions for rapid, large‐scale channel decoding in 6G networks, despite the current limitations of quantum hardware.
Tunable Continuous‐Variable Tripartite Entanglement via Simultaneous and Ordinal Cascaded Nonlinear Processes
Authors: Zhai Muhua , Wen Feng , Zhang Shaowei , Ye Huapeng , Hui Sijia , Liang Yuesong , Zeng Jia , Yang Ting , Zhong Dong , Zhang Yanpeng , Wang Hongxing
Published: April 2024

Multipartite quantum entanglement plays a vital role in both fundamental science and quantum applications. The cascaded four‐wave mixing (FWM) process is an effective method to prepare multipartite entanglement, however, the physical nature of entanglement based on different cascading paths, i.e., simultaneous cascaded FWM (SC‐FWM) and ordinal cascaded FWM (OC‐FWM), has not yet been conclusively determined. In this article, tunable continuous‐variable (CV) triple‐mode entanglement is proposed to be generated by using both the SC‐FWM and OC‐FWM schemes. The simulation results reveal that the absorption/dispersion properties of the two nonlinear processes can be efficiently tuned by varying the optical parameters (i.e., the photon detuning and the nonlinear susceptibility), resulting in triple‐mode CV entanglement with tunable properties. Compared with the OC‐FWM scheme, the SC‐FWM scheme has a broader entanglement bandwidth and a higher degree of entanglement, where the tripartite entanglement region is 4.38% larger than that of the OC‐FWM scheme. Furthermore, these results indicate that the SC‐FWM scheme has a more compact and stable mode structure with better entanglement performance. Such tunable optical triple‐mode entanglement may find applications in specific quantum communication protocols and pave the way for implementing and manipulating multichannel quantum networks.
Multimodal immersive digital twin platform for cyber–physical robot fleets in nuclear environments
Authors: Baniqued Paul Dominick E. , Bremner Paul , Sandison Melissa , Harper Samuel , Agrawal Subham , Bolarinwa Joseph , Blanche Jamie , Jiang Zhengyi , Johnson Thomas , Mitchell Daniel , Pulgarin Erwin Jose Lopez , West Andrew , Willis Melissa , Yao Kanzhong , Flynn David , Giuliani Manuel , Groves Keir , Lennox Barry , Watson Simon
Published: April 2024

The nuclear energy sector can benefit from mobile robots for remote inspection and handling, reducing human exposure to radiation. Advances in cyber–physical systems have improved robotic platforms in this sector through digital twin (DT) technology. DTs enhance situational awareness for robot operators, crucial for safety in the nuclear energy sector, and their value is anticipated to increase with the growing complexity of cyber–physical systems. The primary motivation of this work is to rapidly develop and evaluate a robot fleet interface that accounts for these benefits in the context of nuclear environments. Here, we introduce a multimodal immersive DT platform for cyber–physical robot fleets based on the ROS‐Unity 3D framework. The system design enables fleet monitoring and management by integrating building information models, mission parameters, robot sensor data, and multimodal user interaction through traditional and virtual reality interfaces. A modified heuristic evaluation approach, which accounts for the positive and negative aspects of the interface, was introduced to accelerate the iterative design process of our DT platform. Robot operators from leading nuclear research institutions (Sellafield Ltd. and the Japan Atomic Energy Agency) performed a simulated robot inspection mission while providing valuable insights into the design elements of the cyber–physical system. The three usability themes that emerged and inspired our design recommendations for future developers include increasing the interface's flexibility, considering each robot's individuality, and adapting the platform to expand sensor visualization capabilities.
High‐Temperature Semiconductor CuO/SiC‐Based Catalyst for Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Zekai , Zhang Ding , Abanades Stéphane , Lu Hanfeng
Published: April 2024

Artificial photosynthesis can convert CO2 and H2O into hydrocarbons via solar energy. However, the extremely low process efficiency is a major obstacle to this application. The photocatalyst is considered to be the key factor to raise the overall solar energy conversion efficiency. Much research focused on co‐catalysts, but less attention has been paid on the high‐temperature semiconductor. Herein, a strategy is proposed involving high‐temperature semiconductor to design target photocatalyst dealing with the artificial photosynthesis at high temperature. Based upon this strategy, a CuO/SiC catalyst with single atom characteristic was designed, prepared and the activity of CO2 photoreduction with H2O was tested in a high temperature environment. Above 150 °C, the catalyst activity was boosted and unprecedented performance values were attained. Under the irradiation condition delivered by a 1000 W Xe light and at 350 °C, the obtained yields of CH4, C2H4, and C2H6 were 2041.4 μmol ⋅ g−1, 15.2 μmol ⋅ g−1, and 63.6 μmol ⋅ g−1, respectively. The overall CO2 conversion reached 24.6 % and the maximum solar energy conversion efficiency was 2.3 % without any sacrificed agents. This strategy will be helpful to overcome the current limitations for the industrialization of artificial photosynthesis and accelerate the related research on photothermal catalysis.
Effect of Facet on Local Electron Density of Oxygen Vacancy in Catalysts for Nitrogen Electro‐Reduction
Authors: Cheng Wenjing , Liu Yunpeng , Yang Xiaohui , Yan Shuhao , Huang Gaosheng , Zhang Hong , Tang Zhiyong , Zhou Huiqiong
Published: April 2024

Oxygen‐vacancy (Ov) engineering is an effective strategy to manipulate the electronic configuration of catalysts for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR). The influence of the stable facet on the electronic configuration of Ov is widely studied, however, the effect of the reactive facet on the local electron density of Ov is unveiled. In this work, an eNRR electrode R(111)‐TiO2/HGO is provided with a high proportion exposed reactive facet (111) of rutile‐TiO2 (denoted as R(111)‐TiO2) nanocrystals with Ov anchored in hierarchically porous graphite oxide (HGO) nanofilms. The R(111)‐TiO2/HGO exhibits excellent eNRR performance with an NH3 yield rate of 20.68 µg h−1 cm−2, which is ≈20 times the control electrode with the most stable facet (110) exposed (R(110)‐TiO2/HGO). The experimental data and theoretical simulations reveal that the crystal facet (111) has a positive effect on regulating the local electron density around the oxygen vacancy and the two adjacent Ti‐sites, promoting the π‐back‐donation, minimizing the eNRR barrier, and transforming the rate determination step to *NNH→*NNHH. This work illuminates the effect of crystal facet on the performance of eNRR, and offers a novel strategy to design efficient eNRR catalysts.
Deciphering Indirect Nitrite Reduction to Ammonia in High‐Entropy Electrocatalysts Using In Situ Raman and X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopies
Authors: Begildayeva Talshyn , Theerthagiri Jayaraman , Limphirat Wanwisa , Min Ahreum , Kheawhom Soorathep , Choi Myong Yong
Published: April 2024

This research adopts a new method combining calcination and pulsed laser irradiation in liquids to induce a controlled phase transformation of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn transition‐metal‐based high‐entropy Prussian blue analogs into single‐phase spinel high‐entropy oxide and face‐centered cubic high‐entropy alloy (HEA). The synthesized HEA, characterized by its highly conductive nature and reactive surface, demonstrates exceptional performance in capturing low‐level nitrite (NO2−) in an electrolyte, which leads to its efficient conversion into ammonium (NH4+) with a Faradaic efficiency of 79.77% and N selectivity of 61.49% at −0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl. In addition, the HEA exhibits remarkable durability in the continuous nitrite reduction reaction (NO2−RR), converting 79.35% of the initial NO2− into NH4+ with an impressive yield of 1101.48 µm h−1 cm−2. By employing advanced X‐ray absorption and in situ electrochemical Raman techniques, this study provides insights into the indirect NO2−RR, highlighting the versatility and efficacy of HEA in sustainable electrochemical applications.
Hybrid Two‐Step Inkjet‐Printed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Pesch Raphael , Diercks Alexander , Petry Julian , Welle Alexander , Pappenberger Ronja , Schackmar Fabian , Eggers Helge , Sutter Johannes , Lemmer Ulrich , Paetzold Ulrich Wilhelm
Published: April 2024

Perovskite photovoltaics are on their way to commercialization, but crucial advancements are still required to realize scalable and reliable fabrication processes Concerning solution processing of perovskite top solar cells, the hybrid two‐step process offers an auspicious combination of good thin‐film formation control, even on textures, and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, a scalable fabrication process that consists of a hybrid two‐step process and combines evaporated PbI2 with inkjet‐printed organic precursor materials is addressed. It is shown that optimizing the printing parameters enables high PCEs, high reproducibility, and the potential for conformal growth on textured silicon. The perovskite films are free of macroscopic drying effects and omit the use of toxic solvents. To achieve optimal conversion, the morphology of the PbI2 thin film and the selected resolution in the printing process are decisive. To facilitate intermixing and enable stoichiometry, a dimethyl sulfoxide vapor treatment is introduced to increase the PbI2 porosity. Reproducible PCEs are demonstrated with champion devices showing 18.2% which are on par with spin‐coated counterparts. In the results, it is demonstrated that the hybrid two‐step process with an inkjet‐printed second step is a promising scalable process for reliable and high‐quality perovskite deposition even on texture, thereby paving the path toward industrialization.
Part of the process: Using evidence to shape policy development
Authors: Osborne Cynthia
Published: April 2024

Rigorous research can inform each stage of the policy‐making process, however too often academic research is not shared with policy leaders in a timely or actionable manner, and policies are often made and implemented with incomplete information. This essay describes each stage of the policy‐making process and discusses the types of research and evidence that are most useful at each stage. I draw on examples from my experience founding two university‐based research centers that, in addition to conducting original research, have aimed to translate complex research findings to empower policy leaders to adopt and implement effective and equitable policies.
Talking to young children about race: Using research evidence to move the needle in early childhood educational practice and policy
Authors: Haulcy Dianne
Published: April 2024

This essay tells the story of a unique collaboration among practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to create and disseminate Early Risers, a podcast devoted to supporting racial equity in early childhood. Early Risers leverages research evidence to debunk common myths about how children learn about race. It showcases evidence‐informed practices for teaching young children about race and racism and for supporting positive racial identity. I share lessons learned about how research can educate caregivers, early childhood educators, administrators, and policymakers on the importance of creating pathways toward conversations about race and racism. Our hope is that Early Risers can serve as a model for researcher–practitioner–policymaker collaboration to innovate and “wake up” the early childhood field.
Integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis provides key insights into lipid content changes during pecan (Carya illinoensis) fruit development
Authors: Yang Ruifeng , Chen Hongyi , Zhang Da , Zhang Qixiang , Huang Youjun
Published: April 2024

Pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] are highly valued for their abundance of quality healthy lipids, positively impacting human health and making themselves a preferred choice for nutritionally rich foods. However, a comprehensive understanding of the high‐resolution characteristics of pecan fruit lipid composition and its dynamic changes, as well as the transfer between embryo and pericarp during development, remains incomplete. In this study, through integrated multi‐omics analysis, we observed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in lipid changes between the pericarp and embryo. It showed smaller fluctuations and more stable lipid levels in the pericarp while exhibiting a dynamic pattern of initially increasing and then decreasing lipid content in the embryo. In this study, a total of 52 differentially expressed genes were identified, related to fatty acid synthesis and metabolism pathways in the two tissues, with changes in oleic acid and linoleic acid composition being the primary features of the embryo. This research lays the foundation for further understanding the differential regulation mechanisms of lipid metabolism between embryo and pericarp. Overall, this study filled the knowledge gap regarding dynamic changes in pericarp lipid metabolites, provided crucial insights into the lipid metabolism network during pecan fruit development, and established a scientific basis for the genetic improvement of pecan crops.
Chrissy Davis Jones: Creating a better enrollment process at Harrisburg Area Community College
Authors: D’Orio Wayne
Published: April 2024

When Dr. Chrissy Davis Jones joined Pennsylvania's Harrisburg Area Community College in April 2021, it was hard to be optimistic about college enrollment. A year into the pandemic, colleges across the country were losing students. And many were already bemoaning the upcoming enrollment cliff that will shrink the number of available students starting in 2025.
The hidden struggle of overworked urology residents “the hour”: The overlooked burnout, a narrative review
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba
Published: April 2024

Burnout is a growing concern across numerous professions and industries worldwide. It has increased for many people since the onset of COVID‐19 due to the stress, uncertainty, and changes brought on by the pandemic. Burnout is also a significant issue in the field of medicine, particularly urology, where residents face long working hours and high workloads, leading to physical and mental health problems, as well as limited opportunities for rest and rejuvenation. This alarming trend highlights the need for more effective measures to address burnout and promote employee well‐being and job satisfaction. A thorough search of electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to obtain pertinent articles using relevant keywords. Retrieved articles were screened for relevance, with duplicates and irrelevant articles excluded. Thematic and critical review analysis was conducted on chosen articles, identifying key themes and contributing factors related to burnout in urology residents. The hidden struggle of overworked urology residents and their overlooked burnout represents a complex issue that requires systemic change and individual‐level interventions. Organizations must prioritize employee well‐being by providing adequate support and resources for managing burnout. Additionally, promoting effective leadership practices that prioritize resident well‐being over any personal or institution recognitions or gains is crucial. These steps will improve the quality of care while mitigating negative outcomes for residents.
Synthesis of indium oxide nanofibers using electrospinning method towards gas sensor application
Authors: Tan Nguyen Huy , Phu Le Tran Ngoc , Van Duc Tran , Nhi Dinh Le Thao , Nga Dao Thuy , Le Dang Thi Thanh , Khanh Hoang Quoc , Hoa Nguyen Duc
Published: April 2024

Indium oxide nanofibers (NFs) were synthesized through a two‐step process involving electrospinning followed by calcination. The structural, microstructural, morphological, and elemental characteristics were thoroughly analyzed using techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive spectrometry (EDS) mapping. The characterization of the In2O3 NFs revealed their consistent thickness, structural integrity, and high purity. The nanofibers revealed a uniform diameter spanning from 20 to 50 nm. Upon subjecting the as‐spun nanofibers to heat treatment at 500 °C for 2 h, elongated In2O3 nanofibers containing necked nanoparticles were successfully obtained. The first tests of ammonia sensing were done from 250 to 450 °C; the In2O3 NFs sensor presented a good response of 2.05–100 ppm NH3 at an operation temperature of 300 °C.
Ehrenamtliche Bürgermeister im regionalen Vergleich
Authors: Bogumil Jörg , Gehne David H. , Süß Louisa Anna
Published: April 2024

Wie im vorherigen Kapitel deutlich geworden ist, haben die Länder in Deutschland hinsichtlich der Frage, ob Bürgermeister ehrenamtlich oder hauptamtlich ihr Amt ausüben, verschiedene Pfade beschritten. Die Beschreibung des rechtlichen Rahmens alleine klärt noch nicht die quantitative Dimension der Ehrenamtlichkeit von Bürgermeistern, da es in einigen Ländern zwar auf die Einwohnerzahl bezogene Regeln für die Ehrenamtlichkeit gibt, aber auch Optionsregelungen, die es Gemeinden unter bestimmten Bedingungen erlauben, sich für Ehren- oder Hauptamtlichkeit ihrer Bürgermeister zu entscheiden. Im folgenden Abschnitt wird im Ländervergleich dargestellt, wie viele eBm es in den Ländern zum Stichtag 30.09.2021 gab und visualisiert, wie sie sich regional verteilten. Dabei handelt es sich außerdem um die Beschreibung der Grundgesamtheit, also der Gesamtzahl der eBm in Deutschland, die vor der Befragung ermittelt werden musste, um beispielsweise den Rücklauf der Befragung zu berechnen (vgl. Kap. 5). Weiterhin sollte geklärt werden, welche Bedeutung eBm für den ländlichen Raum in Deutschland haben. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wird im Weiteren auf die Typologie ländlicher Räume des Thünen-Instituts zurückgegriffen (vgl. https://www.landatlas.de/ 31.05.2023).
Sp(6, Z) modular symmetry in flavor structures: quark flavor models and Siegel modular forms for $$\widetilde{\Delta }\left(96\right)$$
Authors: Kikuchi Shota , Kobayashi Tatsuo , Nasu Kaito , Takada Shohei , Uchida Hikaru
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We study an approach to construct Siegel modular forms from Sp(6, Z). Zero-mode wave functions on T6 with magnetic flux background behave Siegel modular forms at the origin. Then T-symmetries partially break depending on the form of background magnetic flux. We study the background such that three T-symmetries TI, TII and TIII as well as the S-symmetry remain. Consequently, we obtain Siegel modular forms with three moduli parameters (ω1, ω2, ω3), which are multiplets of finite modular groups. We show several examples. As one of examples, we study Siegel modular forms for $$\widetilde{\Delta }\left(96\right)$$ in detail. Then, as a phenomenological applicantion, we study quark flavor models using Siegel modular forms for $$\widetilde{\Delta }\left(96\right)$$. Around the cusp, ω1 = i∞, the Siegel modular forms have hierarchical values depending on their TI-charges. We show the deviation of ω1 from the cusp can generate large quark mass hierarchies without fine-tuning. Furthermore CP violation is induced by deviation of ω2 from imaginary axis.
An update on citrus polymethoxyflavones: chemistry, metabolic fate, and relevant bioactivities
Authors: Toledo Rosa , Tomás-Navarro María , Yuste Jose Enrique , Crupi Pasquale , Vallejo Fernando
Published: April 2024

Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) occur naturally in citrus peels and citrus-derived foods as well as in other plants. Many in vitro and some in vivo studies have shown potentially relevant biological effects of PMFs, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerosis, and neuroprotective activities. These promising biological effects still require further research to establish their impact on human health. This review updates the current clinical trials data. It highlights the limited information available on the bioavailability and metabolism of PMFs (pharmacokinetics, human phase I and II metabolites in biological fluids and tissues, and gut microbiota metabolism).
The Mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth): a review of its suitability as a promissory crop in the Ecuadorian Paramo and its potential uses, environmental role, and health benefits
Authors: Aldaz Jorge Caranqui , Andreu-Coll Lucía , Font Rafael Martínez , García Francisca Hernández
Published: April 2024

The mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth), belonging to the Ericaceae family, is a native species of the Ecuadorian paramos. It has a shrub-like habit and produces edible fruits. In the Neotropics, it is primarily found in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, thriving in humid environments up to an elevation of 3700 m above sea level. In this review, a selection of studies was carried out that evaluated the taxonomy, reproduction biology, and nutraceutical, environmental properties, and industrial use of the mortiño (V. floribundum). The data gathered from various bioassays were essential in determining the appropriate techniques for tissue differentiation and assessing the quality of resulting plants. This work aims to generate a deep knowledge of the cultivation of mortiño, as well as the properties of its fruits and the benefits they provide for health. These are rich in compounds with antioxidant activity, so the consumption of V. floribundum fruits is related to health benefits. Besides, the environmental role of V. floribundum and its applications in various industries, especially in the development of nanoparticles contributes to the valorization of this plant. Overall, this research contributes to establishing sustainable methods for the propagation of Vaccinium floribundum, ensuring its successful cultivation and utilization for both commercial purposes and ecological preservation.
Diversity Patterns of Eukaryotic Phytoplankton in the Medog Section of the Yarlung Zangbo River
Authors: Zhu Huan , Li Shuyin , Wu Zhihua , Xiong Xiong , Lin Pengcheng , Liu Benwen , He Dekui , Liu Guoxiang
Published: April 2024

As one of the important biodiversity conservation areas in China, the ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River is fragile, and is particularly sensitive to global changes. To reveal the diversity pattern of phytoplankton, the metabarcode sequencing was employed in the Medog section of the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River during autumn 2019 in present study. The phytoplankton assemblies can be significantly divided into the main stem and the tributaries; there are significant differences in the phytoplankton biomass, alpha and beta diversity between the main stem and the tributaries. While both the main stem and the tributaries are affected by dispersal limitation, the phytoplankton assemblages in the entire lower reaches are primarily influenced by heterogeneous selection. Community dissimilarity and assembly process were significantly correlated with turbidity, electrical conductivity, and nitrogen nutrition. The tributaries were the main source of the increase in phytoplankton diversity in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Such diversity pattern of phytoplankton in the lower reach may be caused by the special habitat in Medog, that is, the excessive flow velocity, and the significant spatial heterogeneity in physical and chemical factors between stem and tributaries. Based on the results and conclusions obtained in present study, continuous long-term monitoring is essential to assess and quantify the impact of global changes on phytoplankton.
Immunoglobulin genes and severity of COVID-19
Authors: Vázquez-Coto Daniel , Kimball Christine , Albaiceta Guillermo M. , Amado-Rodríguez Laura , García-Clemente Marta , Gómez Juan , Coto Eliecer , Pandey Janardan P.
Published: April 2024

There is tremendous interindividual and interracial variability in the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting the involvement of host genetic factors. Here, we investigated whether IgG allotypes GM (γ marker) 3 and GM 17, genetic markers of IgG1, contributed to the severity of COVID-19. IgG1 plays a pivotal role in response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also investigated whether these GM alleles synergistically/epistatically with IGHG3 and FCGR2A alleles—which have been previously implicated in COVID-19—modulated the extent of COVID-19 severity. The study population consisted of 316 COVID-19 patients who needed treatment in the intensive care unit of Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. All individuals were genotyped for GM 3/17, IGHG3 hinge length, and FCGR2A rs1801274 A/G polymorphisms. Among the 316 critical patients, there were 86 deaths. The risk of death among critical patients was significantly higher in subjects with GM 17 (IgG1) and short hinge length (IgG3). GM 17-carriers were at almost three-fold higher risk of death than non-carriers (p < 0.001; OR = 2.86, CI 1.58–5.16). Subjects with short hinge length of IgG3 had a two-fold higher risk of death than those with medium hinge length (p = 0.01; OR = 2.16, CI 1.19–3.90). GM 3/3 and IGHG3 (MM) genotypes were less frequent among death vs. survivors (9% vs 36%, p < 0.001) and associated with protective effect (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.08–0.39). This is the first report implicating IgG1 allotypes in COVID-19-spurred death. It needs to be replicated in an independent study population.
CCN2/CTGF expression does not correlate with fibrosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms, consistent with noncanonical TGF-β signaling driving myelofibrosis
Authors: Leguit Roos J. , Broekhuizen Roel , de Witte Moniek , Raymakers Reinier A. P. , Goldschmeding Roel
Published: April 2024

The classical BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) form a group of bone marrow (BM) diseases with the potential to progress to acute myeloid leukemia or develop marrow fibrosis and subsequent BM failure. The mechanism by which BM fibrosis develops and the factors that drive stromal activation and fibrosis are not well understood. Cellular Communication Network 2 (CCN2), also known as CTGF (Connective Tissue Growth Factor), is a profibrotic matricellular protein functioning as an important driver and biomarker of fibrosis in a wide range of diseases outside the marrow. CCN2 can promote fibrosis directly or by acting as a factor downstream of TGF-β, the latter already known to contribute to myelofibrosis in MPN.

To study the possible involvement of CCN2 in BM fibrosis in MPN, we assessed CCN2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 75 BM biopsies (55 × MPN and 20 × normal controls). We found variable expression of CCN2 in megakaryocytes with significant overexpression in a subgroup of 7 (13%) MPN cases; 4 of them (3 × essential thrombocytemia and 1 × prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis) showed no fibrosis (MF-0), 2 (1 × post-polycythemic myelofibrosis and 1 × primary myelofibrosis) showed moderate fibrosis (MF-2), and 1 (primary myelofibrosis) severe fibrosis (MF-3). Remarkably, CCN2 expression did not correlate with fibrosis or other disease parameters such as platelet count or thrombovascular events, neither in this subgroup nor in the whole study group. This suggests that in BM of MPN patients other, CCN2-independent pathways (such as noncanonical TGF-β signaling) may be more important for the development of fibrosis.
Prospective multicenter evaluation of adherence to the Dutch guideline for children aged 0–16 years with fever without a source—febrile illness in children (FINCH) study
Authors: Keuning Maya W. , Klarenbeek Nikki N. , Bout Hidde J. , Broer Amber , Draaijer Melvin , Hol Jeroen , Hollander Nina , Merelle Marieke , Nassar-Sheikh Rashid Amara , Nusman Charlotte , Oostenbroek Emma , Ridderikhof Milan L. , Roelofs Manouck , van Rossem Ellen , van der Schoor Sophie R. D. , Schouten Sarah M. , Taselaar Pieter , Vasse Koen , van Wermeskerken Anne-Marie , van der Zande Julia M. J. , Zuurbier Roy , Bijlsma Merijn W. , Pajkrt Dasja , Plötz Frans B.
Published: April 2024

Evaluation of guidelines in actual practice is a crucial step in guideline improvement. A retrospective evaluation of the Dutch guideline for children with fever without an apparent source (FWS) showed 50% adherence in young infants. We prospectively evaluated adherence to the Dutch guideline and its impact on management in current practice. Prospective observational multicenter cross-sectional study, including children 3 days to 16 years old presented for FWS at one of seven emergency departments in participating secondary and tertiary care hospitals in the Netherlands. Adherence to the Dutch FWS guideline, adapted from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline, was evaluated, and patterns in non-adherence and the impact of non-adherence on clinical outcomes and resource use were explored. Adherence to the guideline was 192/370 (52%). Adherence was lowest in patients categorized as high risk for severe infection (72/187, 39%), compared to the low-risk group (64/73, 88%). Differences in adherence were significant between risk categories (P < 0.001) but not between age categories. In case of non-adherence, less urinalysis, fewer bacterial cultures (blood, urine, and cerebral spinal fluid), and less empirical antibiotic treatment were performed (P < 0.050). Clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the non-adherence and the adherence group, particularly regarding missed severe infections.

Conclusions: We found a high non-adherence rate of 48%, which did not lead to unfavorable clinical outcomes. This substantiates the need for a critical reevaluation of the FWS guideline and its indications for bacterial cultures, viral testing, and antibiotic treatment.

What is Known:• Despite the development of national guidelines, variation in practice is still substantial in the assessment of febrile children to distinguish severe infection from mild self-limiting disease.• Previous retrospective research suggests low adherence to national guidelines for febrile children in practice.

What is New:• In case of non-adherence to the Dutch national guideline, similar to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline from the United Kingdom, physicians have used fewer resources than the guideline recommended without increasing missed severe infections.
Diagnostic performance of non-invasive liver fibrosis scores in patients with early-intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Schrecker Christopher , Schulze Falko , Trojan Jörg , Bechstein Wolf Otto , Zeuzem Stefan , Koch Christine
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises in individuals with underlying liver disease. Diagnosing the degree of hepatic fibrosis helps to determine the severity of the underlying liver disease and may influence therapeutic decisions in HCC patients. Non-invasive fibrosis scores can be used to estimate the degree of fibrosis in liver disease patients, but most of these scores were developed in patients with viral hepatitis and without HCC. This study explored the ability of the Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4), the AST/Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), and the AST/ALT ratio to diagnose or exclude advanced fibrosis (METAVIR F3/4 versus F0-2) in patients with early-intermediate, potentially resectable HCC.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 119 patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC at a tertiary centre (2007–2019), 75 of whom had advanced fibrosis (prevalence 63%). Histological assessment of the surgical liver specimen was used as a reference standard for the degree of fibrosis.

Results

Overall diagnostic performance was highest for the FIB-4 Index, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.82, compared with 0.78 for APRI, and 0.56 for the AST/ALT ratio. Using established cut-off values, FIB-4 achieved a 90% positive predictive value at the higher cut-off (3.25) and a 90% negative predictive value at the lower cut-off (1.45).

Conclusion

The FIB-4 Index could reliably diagnose or exclude advanced fibrosis in patients with early-intermediate HCC, and may thus have a role in guiding therapeutic decisions in these patients.
Deep learning based ankle–foot movement classification for prosthetic foot
Authors: Aydin Fandakli Selin , Okumus Halil I.
Published: April 2024

The primary motivation behind this study is the aspiration to design a prosthetic foot that demonstrates enhanced functionality, enabling more active and prompt responses, particularly tailored for individuals with below-knee amputations. This goal underscores the intention to create a prosthetic foot with the capability to execute foot movements in a more natural and effective manner. A new 1D-ResCNN model has been proposed for the rapid and accurate classification of foot movements based on user intent in the context of a prosthetic limb. This research introduces an innovative approach by integrating inertial measurement units with deep learning algorithms to advance the development of more functional prosthetic feet, specifically tailored for below-knee amputees. Leveraging wearable technologies, this method allows for the prolonged monitoring of foot movements within the users’ natural environments. The dual benefits of cost reduction and enhanced user experience are achieved through this combination of advanced technologies, providing a promising avenue for the evolution of prosthetic foot design and usage. The results obtained with this model are satisfying both in terms of speed and accuracy with 99.8% compared to other methods in the literature.
The impact of temperature on increased airborne pollen and earlier onset of the pollen season in Trentino, Northern Italy
Authors: Cristofolini Fabiana , Cristofori Antonella , Corradini Stefano , Gottardini Elena
Published: April 2024

The impact of climate change on ecosystems can be assessed through pollen dispersion data, which acts as a proxy for the plant flowering stage. The aim of this study is to verify if changes occurred in the season and concentration of airborne pollen in Trentino (Northern Italy), and to evaluate if temperature (T), precipitation (P), and/or land use influenced such changes in the period 1989–2018. Airborne pollen, sampled by a Hirst-type trap, was analyzed by light microscopy, and pollen concentrations were obtained. Twenty-four taxa, covering 95% of the local pollen spectrum, were considered for this study. A significant upward trend in annual pollen integral (APIn) is the main outcome over the study period. The increase in APIn is more evident when analyzing the data in three decadic blocks, both for all the considered taxa (+ 58%) and for Arboreal Pollen (AP; + 155%). Considering both the annual data and the decadic blocks, APIn shows a significant positive trend for Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Ulmus, Populus, Salix, Ostrya, Quercus, Olea (AP), and Plantago, Cannabaceae, Ambrosia (non-arboreal pollen, NAP); a significantly earlier start of the Main Pollen Season (MPS) is proved for Rumex and Poaceae. APIn for 24 taxa shows a significant positive correlation with annual T min (< 0.005) and T mean (< 0.001), both of which showing a significant increase, and a negative correlation (< 0.025) with the number of frost days. From a human health perspective, higher temperatures, driven by climate changes, lead to higher concentrations of allergenic airborne pollen, turning into a higher risk for allergy sufferers.