bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Varieties of engagement: Japanese corporate leaders’ strategic relations with foreign shareholders and institutional change
Authors: Nemoto Kumiko
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Applying the concept of “entrepreneur managers” from dynamic capabilities theory to the question of how some Japanese managers develop and use their relationships with foreign investors, this article explores organizational contexts in which Japanese managers use foreign shareholders as resources to enhance firm capabilities in the global marketplace, deploy assets effectively and implement changes to traditional organizational customs. The article asks why and how some top managers implemented institutional changes and adopted customs that are common in the shareholder-based system while others did not.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted qualitative interviews with 11 inverstor relations (IR) managers of large, listed Japanese firms in Kyoto and Tokyo.

Findings

First, by inviting a hedge fund partner and using their human capital and social capital, a Japanese CEO committed to strengthening his firm’s competencies in the global market and introduced changes that are common in the shareholder-based system. Second, a CEO with an MBA degree and exceptional communication skills in English and Japanese dedicated himself to executing much of the strategic advice suggested to him by foreign shareholders and altered some of his firm’s traditional Japanese management practices. Third, even though many Japanese firms welcomed and used foreign shareholders as advisors to help them streamline and/or acquire firm assets, their top leaders’ implementation of organizational changes was limited. Fourth, the top leaders of family-owned firms were reluctant to initiate dialogue with foreign investors.

Originality/value

This article adds some useful organizational context to existing scholarship on institutional theory by examining Japanese leaders’ strategic management in their relations with foreign investors. Using the concept of dynamic capabilities, it addresses the role of innovative strategic managers in firms’ institutional changes.
Intraspecific diversity of Meriones persicus (Rodentia; Gerbillinae), the main plague reservoir in Iran, and its connection to enzootic plague in Iran
Authors: MAHMOUDI Ahmad , MOSTAFAVI Ehsan , KRYŠTUFEK Boris
Published: May 2024

Plague, a lethal zoonotic disease, primarily circulates within rodent populations and their fleas. In Iran, the widely distributed jird, Meriones persicus, serves as the principal reservoir for plague, with a belief in the existence of five out of its six recognized subspecies within the country. However, these subspecies are classified into four mitochondrial cytochrome b sub‐lineages (IA, IB, IIA, IIB). This discrepancy, combined with the presence of an unnamed sub‐lineage in central Iran awaiting taxonomic clarification, has left intraspecific taxonomy unsettled and obscured the true alignment between mtDNA sub‐lineages and nominal subspecies. In this study, we investigated the intraspecific variation in the cytb gene across populations sampled throughout Iran, focusing on underexplored regions between the Zagros and Alborz Mountains and central Iran. While our genetic data generally support reported subspecies validity in Iran, we raise questions about M. p. baptistae, emphasizing the need for further data from its type territory in Pakistan. Two main lineages of M. persicus (I and II) exhibit geographical isolation, with limited overlap in the central Zagros Mts., where three subspecies (M. p. ambrosius, M. p. rossicus, and M. p. persicus) coexist. Superimposing infected rodents' geographic coordinates onto updated sub‐lineages' distribution revealed a potential association between sub‐lineage IA (M. p. rossicus) and all enzootic plague cases from 1946 to 2023. M. persicus rossicus extends into the Caucasus (where plague infections are common), Eastern Turkey, and Iraq. Consequently, interpreting this finding in the context of plague surveillance in Iran and neighboring areas requires caution.
The impact of devaluing Women of Color: stress, reproduction, and justice
Authors: Mayne Gabriella B. , Ghidei Luwam
Published: May 2024

This commentary is in response to the Call for Papers put forth by the Critical Midwifery Studies Collective (June 2022). We argue that due to a long and ongoing history of gendered racism, Women of Color are devalued in U.S. society. Devaluing Women of Color leads maternal healthcare practitioners to miss and even dismiss distress in Women of Color. The result is systematic underdiagnosis, undertreatment, and the delivery of poorer care to Women of Color, which negatively affects reproductive outcomes generally and birth outcomes specifically. These compounding effects exacerbate distress in Women of Color leading to greater distress. Stress physiology is ancient and intricately interwoven with healthy pregnancy physiology, and this relationship is a highly conserved reproductive strategy. Thus, where there is disproportionate or excess stress (distress), unsurprisingly, there are disproportionate and excess rates of poorer reproductive outcomes. Stress physiology and reproductive physiology collide with social injustices (i.e., racism, discrimination, and anti‐Blackness), resulting in pernicious racialized maternal health disparities. Accordingly, the interplay between stress and reproduction is a key social justice issue and an important site for theoretical inquiry and birth equity efforts. Fortunately, both stress physiology and pregnancy physiology are highly plastic—responsive to the benefits of increased social support and respectful maternity care. Justice means valuing Women of Color and valuing their right to have a healthy, respected, and safe life.
Abnormalities in pharyngeal arch‐derived structures in SATB2‐associated syndrome
Authors: Zarate Yuri A. , Bosanko Katherine , Derar Nada , Fish Jennifer L.
Published: May 2024

SATB2‐associated syndrome (SAS, glass syndrome, OMIM#612313) is a neurodevelopmental autosomal dominant disorder with frequent craniofacial abnormalities including palatal and dental anomalies. To assess the role of Satb2 in craniofacial development, we analyzed mutant mice at different stages of development. Here, we show that Satb2 is broadly expressed in early embryonic mouse development including the mesenchyme of the second and third arches. Satb2−/− mutant mice exhibit microglossia, a shortened lower jaw, smaller trigeminal ganglia, and larger thyroids. We correlate these findings with the detailed clinical phenotype of four individuals with SAS and remarkable craniofacial phenotypes with one requiring mandibular distraction in childhood. We conclude that the mouse and patient data presented support less well‐described phenotypic aspects of SAS including mandibular morphology and thyroid anatomical/functional issues.
Effects of the nerve growth factor and its carrier protein on the inflammatory response from human monocytes
Authors: Verres Yann , Bodin Aude , Chevret Sarah , Victoni Tatiana , Gicquel Thomas , Barreto Emiliano , Freund‐Michel Véronique , Lagente Vincent
Published: May 2024

Background

The nerve growth factor (NGF) has been previously shown to be involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, or wound healing. This factor displays a variety of biological effects that yet remain to be explored. Previous data on cell lines show a pro‐inflammatory role of NGF on monocytes.

Objectives

The objective of the study was to investigate the pro‐inflammatory effect of NGF, using a model of fresh human monocytes.

Methods

Monocytes obtained from PBMC were exposed to NGF at various concentrations. Alternatively, monocytes were exposed to BSA, the NGF carrier protein without the NGF. Gene expression and cytokine release in the supernatant were monitored.

Results

We found that NGF increased the expression of pro‐inflammatory, chemotactic, and remodeling genes such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and C‐X‐C motif ligand (CXCL)8. The protein levels of CXCL8 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 were also increased in the cell supernatants following NGF exposure. BSA alone was found to drive part of this response, bringing nuance to the inflammatory potential of the NGF.

Conclusion

These data suggest that NGF is able to enhance monocyte inflammatory responses once cells are stimulated with another signal but is possibly not able to directly activate it. This could have implications for example in patients with bacterial infections, where NGF could worsen the local inflammation by over‐activating immune cells.
The Raise Regression: Justification, Properties and Application
Authors: Salmerón‐Gómez Román , García‐García Catalina B. , García‐Pérez José
Published: May 2024

Multicollinearity results in inflation in the variance of the ordinary least squares estimators due to the correlation between two or more independent variables (including the constant term). A widely applied solution is to estimate with penalised estimators such as the ridge estimator, which trade off some bias in the estimators to gain a reduction in the variance of these estimators. Although the variance diminishes with these procedures, all seem to indicate that the inference and goodness of fit are controversial. Alternatively, the raise regression allows mitigation of the problems associated with multicollinearity without the loss of inference or the coefficient of determination. This paper completely formalises the raise estimator. For the first time, the norm of the estimator, the behaviour of the individual and joint significance, the behaviour of the mean squared error and the coefficient of variation are analysed. We also present the generalisation of the estimation and the relation between the raise and the residualisation estimators. To have a better understanding of raise regression, previous contributions are also summarised: its mean squared error, the variance inflation factor, the condition number, adequate selection of the variable to be raised, the successive raising, and the relation between the raise and the ridge estimator. The usefulness of the raise regression as an alternative to mitigate multicollinearity is illustrated with two empirical applications.
Zoogeographical regions in the Atlantic Forest: patterns and potential drivers
Authors: da Silva Fernando Rodrigues , Oliveira‐Silva Anna Elizabeth de , Antonelli Alexandre , Carnaval Ana Carolina , Provete Diogo B.
Published: May 2024

Aim

To delineate present‐day zoogeographical regions of terrestrial vertebrates (frogs, lizards, snakes, birds and non‐volant mammals) in the Atlantic Forest. Within each taxonomic group, we examine the relative importance of abrupt climatic transitions, orographic barriers, past climate change and rivers in shaping zoogeographical boundaries.

Location

South America's Atlantic Forest.

Methods

We applied a network‐based method to delineate zoogeographical regions, using distribution data (range maps) for 455 species of frogs, 103 lizards, 220 snakes, 917 birds and 202 non‐volant mammals, in 50 × 50 km grid cells. We used hierarchical generalized linear mixed‐effects models to test environmental predictors associated with zoogeographical boundaries. Finally, we intersected the bioregion maps delineated for each group to identify general patterns across all vertebrates.

Results

We identified four zoogeographical regions for birds and snakes, and five for frogs, lizards and non‐volant mammals. Depending on the group, contemporary and past climate conditions, elevation variation and/or rivers were associated with zoogeographical boundaries. The combined maps indicate that the Atlantic Forest retains four spatially cohesive zoogeographical regions based on present‐day distribution of vertebrates.

Main conclusions

Cross‐taxon congruence indicates that the geographical and environmental characteristics of the Atlantic Forest have a strong influence on the location of zoogeographical regions for vertebrates. In contrast, transition zones appear to be associated with the spatial distribution of life history traits of each group, potentially explaining the observed differences in the number of bioregions across groups and the position of zoogeographical boundaries. This work paves the way for further research into the evolutionary assembly of the Atlantic Forest's zoogeographical regions and may help inform conservation priorities for maintaining their distinctive faunas.
Enhancing quality assessment of live Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) using flexible sensors real‐time monitoring physiological signals
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Qu Xiaotian , Glamuzina Branko , Wang Xianping , Zhang Xiaoshuan
Published: May 2024

Shell‐closing strength (SCS) is commonly used to assess oyster vigor and quality as an important physiological stress indicator of the oyster organism. In this study, a quality decision support system based on flexible wireless sensor network and web services was designed and developed to explore the application of SCS in the rapid assessment of vitality and quality. Based on physiological and environmental information collected by flexible wireless sensor networks, this study proposes a novel quantitative vitality assessment method to identify oyster life decline cycles and processes. Meanwhile, TVB‐N, TVC, and pH were selected as quality indicators, and a back‐propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) was used to predict and evaluate oyster quality indicators. The results showed that the root mean square errors (RMSE) for TVB‐N, TVC, and pH were 0.4624, 0.8827, and 0.1941; the coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.8919, 0.8578, and 0.6249. Therefore, the rapid assessment of oyster vitality and quality based on a flexible wireless sensor network is a reliable and effective means.

Practical applications

This study aims to explore the application of live oyster SCS for rapid quality evaluation. In this article, a quality decision support system based on a flexible wireless sensor network (WSN) and web services is developed to improve the quality and health of live oysters in the supply chain. The use of the multi‐sensor system enables the monitoring and collection of environmental and physiological signals of live oysters throughout the supply chain process. The evaluation of the quality of live oysters using physiological and environmental information collected by flexible wireless sensor networks is a reliable and efficient method. This will provide an effective and reliable quality evaluation and management for the oyster industry.
“A saint, a heroine, and a town”: The incarnation of “rose” and poetics of resistance in Edwidge Danticat's Claire of the Sea Light
Authors: Cai Yi
Published: May 2024

Edwidge Danticat in her novel Claire of the Sea Light (2013) delineates a group of determined women who actively challenge the patriarchal norms prevalent in Haiti. This article conducts a thorough textual analysis focusing on the imagery of the “rose” and its intricate connections with women in the narrative. Through the elaborate naming of Ville Rose, the incarnation of rose as female figures in the novel, as well as the resistance and resilience that rose represents in the female genealogy, Danticat places women at the center of the stage, reclaiming the often neglected, silenced, and marginalized roles of women in Haitian history. This article argues that by foregrounding the unique perspective and experience of Haitian women, Danticat questions the patriarchal hegemonic discourse, reformulates the female discursive system, and reshapes the male‐dominated Haitian literary tradition. This exploration of her poetics of resistance not only contributes to the understanding of Haitian (women's) literature and Caribbean diasporic studies but also provides a new perspective for plant studies within the realm of literature.
SlNAC3 suppresses cold tolerance in tomatoes by enhancing ethylene biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Tao , Ma Xuemin , Chen Ying , Wang Cuicui , Xia Zhenxiao , Liu Zixi , Gao Lihong , Zhang Wenna
Published: May 2024

Low temperature stress poses a significant challenge to the productivity of horticultural crops. The dynamic expression of cold‐responsive genes plays a crucial role in plant cold tolerance. While NAC transcription factors have been extensively studied in plant growth and development, their involvement in regulating plant cold tolerance remains poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the identification and characterisation of SlNAC3 as the most rapid and robust responsive gene in tomato under low temperature conditions. Manipulating SlNAC3 through overexpression or silencing resulted in reduced or enhanced cold tolerance, respectively. Surprisingly, we discovered a negative correlation between the expression of CBF and cold tolerance in the SlNAC3 transgenic lines. These findings suggest that SlNAC3 regulates tomato cold tolerance likely through a CBF‐independent pathway. Furthermore, we conducted additional investigations to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying SINAC3‐mediated cold tolerance in tomatoes. Our results revealed that SlNAC3 controls the transcription of ethylene biosynthetic genes, thereby bursting ethylene release in response to cold stress. Indeed, the silencing of these genes led to an augmentation in cold tolerance. This discovery provides valuable insights into the regulatory pathways involved in ethylene‐mediated cold tolerance in tomatoes, offering potential strategies for developing innovative approaches to enhance cold stress resilience in this economically important crop species.
Genetic control of root morphology in response to nitrogen across rapeseed diversity
Authors: Haelterman Loïc , Louvieaux Julien , Chiodi Claudia , Bouchet Anne‐Sophie , Kupcsik Laszlo , Stahl Andreas , Rousseau‐Gueutin Mathieu , Snowdon Rod , Laperche Anne , Nesi Nathalie , Hermans Christian
Published: May 2024

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an oil‐containing crop of great economic value but with considerable nitrogen requirement. Breeding root systems that efficiently absorb nitrogen from the soil could be a driver to ensure genetic gains for more sustainable rapeseed production. The aim of this study is to identify genomic regions that regulate root morphology in response to nitrate availability. The natural variability offered by 300 inbred lines was screened at two experimental locations. Seedlings grew hydroponically with low or elevated nitrate levels. Fifteen traits related to biomass production and root morphology were measured. On average across the panel, a low nitrate level increased the root‐to‐shoot biomass ratio and the lateral root length. A large phenotypic variation was observed, along with important heritability values and genotypic effects, but low genotype‐by‐nitrogen interactions. Genome‐wide association study and bulk segregant analysis were used to identify loci regulating phenotypic traits. The first approach nominated 319 SNPs that were combined into 80 QTLs. Three QTLs identified on the A07 and C07 chromosomes were stable across nitrate levels and/or experimental locations. The second approach involved genotyping two groups of individuals from an experimental F2 population created by crossing two accessions with contrasting lateral root lengths. These individuals were found in the tails of the phenotypic distribution. Co‐localized QTLs found in both mapping approaches covered a chromosomal region on the A06 chromosome. The QTL regions contained some genes putatively involved in root organogenesis and represent selection targets for redesigning the root morphology of rapeseed.
Serratia plymuthicaHK9‐3 enhances tomato resistance against Phytophthora capsici by modulating antioxidant defense systems and rhizosphere micro‐ecological condition
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Piao Fengzhi , Di Yancui , Xu Jinxin , Wang Zichen , Wang Tao , Li Pengju , Hu Chunyan , Du Nanshan , Zhang Tao , Dong Xiaoxing , Dong Han , Shen Shunshan , Guo Zhixin
Published: May 2024

Tomatoes are frequently challenged by various pathogens, among which Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici) is a destructive soil‐borne pathogen that seriously threatens the safe production of tomatoes. Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) positively induced plant resistance against multiple pathogens. However, little is known about the role and regulatory mechanism of PGPR in tomato resistance to P. capsici. Here, we identified a new strain Serratia plymuthica (S. plymuthica), HK9‐3, which has a significant antibacterial effect on P. capsici infection. Meanwhile, stable colonization in roots by HK9‐3, even under P. capsici infection, improved tomato growth parameters, root system architecture, photosynthetic capacity, and boosted biomass. Importantly, HK9‐3 colonization significantly alleviated the damage caused by P. capsici infection through enhancing ROS scavenger ability and inducing antioxidant defense system and pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins in leaves, as evidenced by elevating the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, and increasing the transcripts of POD, SOD, CAT, APX1, PAL1, PAL2, PAL5, PPO2, CHI17 and β‐1,3‐glucanase genes. Notably, HK9‐3 colonization not only effectively improved soil microecology and soil fertility, but also significantly enhanced fruit yield by 44.6% and improved quality. Our study presents HK9‐3 as a promising and effective solution for controlling P. capsici infection in tomato cultivation while simultaneously promoting plant growth and increasing yield, which may have implications for P. capsici control in vegetable production.
The fungus Acremonium alternatum enhances salt stress tolerance by regulating host redox homeostasis and phytohormone signaling
Authors: Berková Veronika , Berka Miroslav , Štěpánková Lenka , Kováč Ján , Auer Susann , Menšíková Simona , Ďurkovič Jaroslav , Kopřiva Stanislav , Ludwig‐Müller Jutta , Brzobohatý Břetislav , Černý Martin
Published: May 2024

While endophytic fungi offer promising avenues for bolstering plant resilience against abiotic stressors, the molecular mechanisms behind this biofortification remain largely unknown. This study employed a multifaceted approach, combining plant physiology, proteomic, metabolomic, and targeted hormonal analyses to illuminate the early response of Brassica napus to Acremonium alternatum during the nascent stages of their interaction. Notably, under optimal growth conditions, the initial reaction to fungus was relatively subtle, with no visible alterations in plant phenotype and only minor impacts on the proteome and metabolome. Interestingly, the identified proteins associated with the Acremonium response included TUDOR 1, Annexin D4, and a plastidic K+ efflux antiporter, hinting at potential processes that could counter abiotic stressors, particularly salt stress. Subsequent experiments validated this hypothesis, showcasing significantly enhanced growth in Acremonium‐inoculated plants under salt stress. Molecular analyses revealed a profound impact on the plant's proteome, with over 50% of salt stress response proteins remaining unaffected in inoculated plants. Acremonium modulated ribosomal proteins, increased abundance of photosynthetic proteins, enhanced ROS metabolism, accumulation of V‐ATPase, altered abundances of various metabolic enzymes, and possibly promoted abscisic acid signaling. Subsequent analyses validated the accumulation of this hormone and its enhanced signaling. Collectively, these findings indicate that Acremonium promotes salt tolerance by orchestrating abscisic acid signaling, priming the plant's antioxidant system, as evidenced by the accumulation of ROS‐scavenging metabolites and alterations in ROS metabolism, leading to lowered ROS levels and enhanced photosynthesis. Additionally, it modulates ion sequestration through V‐ATPase accumulation, potentially contributing to the observed decrease in chloride content.
Re‐evaluating Africa's growth, poverty and inequality nexus
Authors: Aiyemo Babatunde
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates the role of growth in poverty reduction within the sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) region in direct comparison to other global regions along time‐delineated thresholds. The study's results show (i) A significant gulf in the performance of SSA economies in comparison to their global cohorts; (ii) An improved role played by growth after the mid‐2000s for poverty reduction in SSA; (iii) A less deleterious impact of rising income inequality on poverty reduction within the SSA sub‐region relative to other global regions, and (iv) An improved performance of resource‐dependent SSA economies in translating growth to poverty reduction since the mid‐2000s. The convergence in growth‐induced poverty reduction between SSA and its global cohorts energizes prospects for attaining the Sustainable Development Goal of eradicating global extreme poverty by 2030; it however also calls for renewed strategies toward improving the efficacy of growth in future poverty reduction within the sub‐region.
Severe neonatal thrombocytopenia due to anti‐HPA‐4b alloantibodies: Third report described in a Caucasian mother
Authors: Petermann Rachel , Bianchi Frédéric , Saib Loubna , Ferré Nicolas , Francelle Nathalie , Oudin Olivier , Chenet Christophe , Mammasse Yasmine , Jallu Vincent , Chaussade Amélie , Cornu Antonin , Dubray Laureline , Mailloux Agnès
Published: May 2024

Background

Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) results from maternal platelet alloimmunization against paternal antigens inherited by the fetus, most often due to the Human Platelet Antigen (HPA)‐1 system in Caucasians. We investigated in 2023, a 30‐year‐old Caucasian woman Gravida 2 Para 1 who gave birth at 35 weeks of gestation to a male (body weight 2210 g) without signs of bleeding. A severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count at 3 G/L) was discovered incidentally a few hours after delivery in the context of the management of a respiratory distress. The newborn recovered after one platelet concentrate transfusion and normalized his platelet count at Day 5.

Study Design and Methods

FNAIT investigation was performed according to guideline recommendations. Platelet genotyping was carried out by multiplex PCR. Maternal serological investigation included Monoclonal Antibody‐specific Immobilization of Platelet Antigens method (MAIPA) and Luminex technology.

Results

Parental and newborn genotyping pointed out an HPA‐4 incompatibility between the mother and the newborn and the father. Serological investigation revealed an anti‐HPA‐4b alloantibody confirming the diagnosis of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion

We described the third case of anti‐HPA‐4b alloantibody discovered in a Caucasian mother. This case strengthens the need for reference laboratory to genotype a panel of HPA alleles reflecting local genetic population diversity and for crossmatch of maternal serum with fresh paternal platelets in clinical suspected cases of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Develop Self-Confidence in a Neurodivergent Athlete
Authors: Wood Samuel , Turner Martin J.
Published: May 2024

This case study outlines the sport psychology service delivery provided to a 17-year-old international-level competitive figure skater. The client had a diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder and reported experiencing low self-confidence, which hindered his performance in training and competition. An acceptance and commitment therapy intervention was implemented over 25 sessions across a 15-month period. The aim of the intervention was to develop self-confidence by encouraging acceptance of unhelpful thoughts, rather than changing or removing them, to move the client toward the athlete he wanted to be. This case offers a novel contribution to the wider literature by reporting an acceptance and commitment therapy intervention to develop self-confidence in sport. We report how psychological flexibility was achieved through exercises to “unhook” the client from his thoughts around perfection and self-imposed pressure. Reflections from the client and practitioner capture the evaluation of the service delivery process.
CDK4/6 activity is required during G
2
arrest to prevent stress-induced endoreplication
Authors: McKenney Connor , Lendner Yovel , Guerrero Zuniga Adler , Sinha Niladri , Veresko Benjamin , Aikin Timothy J. , Regot Sergi
Published: May 2024

Cell cycle events are coordinated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to ensure robust cell division. CDK4/6 and CDK2 regulate the growth 1 (G
1
) to synthesis (S) phase transition of the cell cycle by responding to mitogen signaling, promoting E2F transcription and inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex. We found that this mechanism was still required in G
2
-arrested cells to prevent cell cycle exit after the S phase. This mechanism revealed a role for CDK4/6 in maintaining the G
2
state, challenging the notion that the cell cycle is irreversible and that cells do not require mitogens after passing the restriction point. Exit from G
2
occurred during ribotoxic stress and was actively mediated by stress-activated protein kinases. Upon relief of stress, a significant fraction of cells underwent a second round of DNA replication that led to whole-genome doubling.
Daniel Kahneman (1934–2024)
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch
Published: May 2024

Pioneer in the psychology of judgment and decision-making
A scientist for president
Authors: Pérez Ortega Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

If elected,
Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo
would bring an extensive background in science and engineering to Mexico’s presidency. But many researchers are anxious about how she would govern
System-wide governance challenges of the Ebonyi State Malaria Elimination Programme and recommendations for malaria health system strengthening: a qualitative study among stakeholders in Ebonyi state, Nigeria
Authors: Omale Ugwu I , Ogbonnaya Lawrence U , Iyare Osarhiemen , Nnachi Olaedo O
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The burden of malaria has persistently been high in Ebonyi state and Nigeria despite long-standing collaborations with international partners with huge and increased amounts of financial investments. We explored the system-wide governance challenges of the Ebonyi State Malaria Elimination Programme (SMEP) and the factors responsible in order to make recommendations for malaria health system strengthening.

Design

We did a qualitative study informed by the health system governance framework by Mikkelsen-Lopezet aland Savedoff’s concept of governance.

Setting and participants

Between 18 October 2022 and 8 November 2022, 25 semistructured face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted in English with purposively selected key stakeholders in the Ebonyi SMEP aged 18 years or older with at least 2 years of involvement in the SMEP and who gave consent.

Analysis

Data were analysed deductively and the analytical strategy was informed by the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data by Galeet al.

Results

Many system-wide governance challenges of the SMEP were identified including the absence of state’s strategic vision and plans for malaria elimination; very weak primary and secondary healthcare systems; inadequate financial allocation and untimely release of budgeted funds by the state government; lack of human resources for health and very poor mosquito net distribution system. Other challenges were inadequate stakeholders’ participation; poor accountability culture; impaired transparency and corruption and impaired ability to address corruption. The fundamental responsible factors were the lack of state government’s concern for people’s welfare and lack of interest and commitment to the malaria elimination effort, chronic non-employment of staff and lack of human resources in the entire health sector including SMEP, and nepotism and godfatherism.

Conclusions

The system-wide governance challenges and the responsible factors call for changing the ‘business as usual’ and refocusing on strengthening malaria health system governance in addressing the persisting malaria health problems in Ebonyi state (and Nigeria).
Acceptability of digital vending machines to improve access to sexual and reproductive health in Brighton, UK: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Dhillon Syra , Wenlock Rhys D , Dean Gillian Louise , Mear John , Cooper Richard , Vera Jaime H
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sexual health remains a public health priority and relies on widely available testing to enable prompt diagnosis and treatment. Technology-based approaches to distribute tests have potential to increase access and enable prompt diagnosis and treatment. We evaluated the acceptability of vending machines (VMs) to distribute HIV self-test (HIVST) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) self-sample kits, from the service user and stakeholder perspective.

Methods

Six VMs were placed across Brighton and Hove (UK) in publicly accessible locations. After use, individuals received a text with an online questionnaire link. Participants completing the questionnaire were invited to a semistructured interview. Stakeholders were staff on sites where the VM was placed. Data analysis took place on NVivo, using a thematic approach.

Results

12 users completed the interview. 42% within the age 18–25 years with equal male and female identifying distributions. 33% were heterosexual, 25% homosexual and 33% bisexual. VM acceptability was high with anonymity and instant access as main benefits. Some participants expressed concern that the public location of the VM may deter others from using it. Participants found the HIVST mouth swabs were acceptable, although there was concern over accuracy. Participants welcomed being able to access comprehensive sexual health screening through a VM. Five stakeholders completed the interview. There was recognition that a publicly visible VM led to positive sexual health conversations between service users and staff. There were initial issues with restocking and machine hardwiring.

Conclusions

VMs to distribute HIV and STI testing kits is acceptable to service users and stakeholders. The main reported benefits are increased confidentiality, privacy and immediate access. Further education referencing the accuracy of the HIVST mouth swab may alleviate concerns. From a stakeholder perspective, the pathway is beneficial and the role of community champions to reduce stigma is favourable.
Factors affecting implementation of interventions for oral health, substance use, smoking and diet for people with severe and multiple disadvantage: a community-based qualitative study in England
Authors: Jain Neha , Adams Emma A , Joyes Emma C , McLellan Gillian , Burrows Martin , Paisi Martha , McGowan Laura J , Iafrate Lorenzo , Landes David , Watt Richard G , Sniehotta Falko F , Kaner Eileen , Ramsay Sheena E
Published: May 2024

Background

Populations facing severe and multiple disadvantage (SMD), co-occurring homelessness, substance use and repeat offending have high levels of physical and mental ill-health. Poor oral health is one of the most common health problems in this population and is closely linked with substance use, smoking and poor diet. Issues related to the implementation of interventions among SMD populations to address oral health and related health behaviours are poorly understood. This study aimed to understand the factors that affect implementation (relevance of setting, acceptability and adverse effects of interventions) and the sustainability of interventions targeting oral health, substance use, smoking and diet for people experiencing SMD.

Methods

Between August 2021 and April 2023, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with two groups of participants: (1) people experiencing SMD in Newcastle Upon Tyne/Gateshead and (2) frontline staff, volunteers, policymakers and commissioners from London, Plymouth and Newcastle Upon Tyne/Gateshead. Information was gathered on factors related to the implementation and acceptability of interventions related to oral health and related behaviours. The data were analysed iteratively using thematic analysis.

Results

Twenty-eight people experiencing SMD (age range: 27–65 years; 21% females) and 78 service providers, commissioners and policymakers (age range: 28–72 years; 63% females) were interviewed or included in focus groups. The data were organised into three overarching themes: environmental, organisational and interpersonal factors. Environmental factors included funding and integrated services; organisational factors included inclusive services, health promotion, prevention and training healthcare providers; interpersonal factors included the presence of support workers and motivation among service providers.

Conclusion

The implementation and sustainability of health interventions for people experiencing SMD are influenced by factors across environmental, organisational and interpersonal levels that interact with the inherent challenges of disadvantaged groups. The findings highlight the need for tailoring healthcare interventions according to the needs of people experiencing SMD. Further research on the implementation of diet interventions and co-producing interventions is needed.
Management of endometrial cancer in Latin America: raising the standard of care and optimizing outcomes
Authors: Blanco Albano , Nogueira-Rodrigues Angélica , Carvalho Filomena Marino , Giornelli Gonzalo , Mirza Mansoor Raza
Published: May 2024

Molecular characterization of endometrial cancer is allowing for increased understanding of the natural history of tumors and paving a more solid pathway for novel therapies. It is becoming increasingly apparent that molecular classification is superior to histological classification in terms of reproducibility and prognostic discrimination. In particular, the Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer allows classification of endometrial cancer into groups very close to those determined by the Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network—that is, DNA polymerase epsilon-mutated, mismatch repair-deficient, p53 abnormal, and non-specific molecular profile tumors. The transition from the chemotherapy era to the age of targeted agents and immunotherapy, which started later in endometrial cancer than in many other tumor types, requires widespread availability of specialized pathology and access to novel agents. Likewise, surgical expertise and state-of-the-art radiotherapy modalities are required to ensure adequate care. Nevertheless, Latin American countries still face considerable barriers to implementation of international guidelines. As we witness the dawn of precision medicine as applied to endometrial cancer, we must make continued efforts towards improving the quality of care in this region. The current article discusses some of these challenges and possible solutions.
‘Recombining’ biological motherhoods. Towards two ‘complete’ biological mothers
Authors: Mangione Emanuele
Published: May 2024

Within feminist literature from the early 1970s to this day, assisted reproductive technologies have been largely known to divide, replace or eliminate biological motherhood. For example, while in the past biological motherhood was considered a continuous experience, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and IVF using egg donation allowed a split between two biological mothers, one providing eggs (genetic mother) and the other one gestation (gestational mother). This split was considered irreparable: the genetic mother could not be also gestational, and vice versa. On the contrary, this paper aims to show that assisted reproductive technologies may also have a constructive potential towards biological motherhood(s). To explain how it could be possible, two existing techniques are explored: the first is maternal spindle transfer, which allows a double genetic motherhood; the second is reciprocal effortless IVF, which supposedly enables a double gestational motherhood. While in the first part, these techniques are examined singularly, in the second part a feasible combination of them is speculated. The idea is that assisted reproductive technologies could ‘recombine’ genetic and gestational motherhood in two figures that include both, namely in two ‘complete’ biological mothers, both genetic and gestational.
Impact of COVID-19 on the veteran population: evidence from the Trends in Scottish Veterans Health study
Authors: Bergman Beverly P , Mackay D F , Pell J P
Published: May 2024

Introduction

There have been few epidemiological studies on the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic on the veteran population, other than on specific aspects such as mental health, and none in the UK. We used data from the Trends in Scottish Veterans Health cohort to explore the risk of hospitalisation and death associated with COVID-19 in veterans resident in Scotland in comparison with matched non-veterans.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of 71 000 veterans and a comparison group of 230 000 non-veterans matched for age, sex and geography, using Cox proportional hazard analysis to explore the risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19 and COVID-19-associated death overall and by birth cohort, sex and length of military service.

Results

Between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021, 564 (0.79%) veterans had been hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with 1728 (0.75%) non-veterans. The Cox model showed no significant difference overall, HR 0.99, 95% CIs 0.90 to 1.11, p=0.800. Subgroup analysis showed increased risk in older, short-serving (<20 weeks) Early Service Leavers (ESL). There was no overall difference in COVID-19-associated deaths, HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.23, p=0.993, but subgroup analysis showed a non-significant reduced risk of death in veterans aged 61–70 years, and a 38% higher risk in veterans aged over 70 years which almost reached statistical significance, p=0.054. This was only partially explained by socioeconomic factors and common comorbidities, although we had no data on domestic circumstances or care home residence.

Conclusions

Overall, military service was not a risk factor for either hospitalisation or death associated with COVID-19. Older ESLs were at increased risk compared with non-veterans, but military service is unlikely to have been causal. The risk of death was increased in the oldest veterans and further studies are needed to explain this once census data become available for linkage.
Evolving methodology of national tobacco control investment cases
Authors: Nugent Rachel , Hutchinson Brian , Mann Nathan , Ngongo Carrie , Spencer Garrison , Grafton Daniel , Small Roy
Published: May 2024

Background

This article describes an investment case methodology for tobacco control that was applied in 36 countries between 2017 and 2022.

Methods

The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) investment cases compared two scenarios: a base case that calculated the tobacco-attributable mortality, morbidity and economic costs with status quo tobacco control, and an intervention scenario that described changes in those same outcomes from fully implementing and enforcing a variety of proven, evidence-based tobacco control policies and interventions. Health consequences included the tobacco-attributable share of mortality and morbidity from 38 diseases. The healthcare expenditures and the socioeconomic costs from the prevalence of those conditions were combined to calculate the total losses due to tobacco. The monetised benefits of improvements in health resulting from tobacco control implementation were compared with costs of expanding tobacco control to assess returns on investment in each country. An institutional and context analysis assessed the political and economic dimensions of tobacco control in each context.

Results

We applied a rigorous yet flexible methodology in 36 countries over 5 years. The replicable model and framework may be used to inform development of tobacco control cases in countries worldwide.

Conclusion

Investment cases constitute a tool that development partners and advocates have demanded in even greater numbers. The economic argument for tobacco control provided by this set of country-contextualised analyses can be a strong tool for policy change.
Characterization of Polish-Induced Gouges on Single Crystal Sapphire Substrates
Authors: Lee Jinhyung , Hariharan Venkat , Arjunan Arul Chakkaravarthi , Dumbare Prajeen , Balasundaram Kannan
Published: May 2024

Single-crystal sapphire is known to be among the hardest insulators. Its mechanical properties and chemical inertness make it a challenging material to polish for the atomic-level surface smoothness required for its applications. Mechanical polish with diamond abrasives renders high removal rates but creates unacceptable levels of polish-induced gouges. Chemical mechanical polish on the other hand results in atomic smoothness but is a slow process. Hence, a combination of the two is used in the industry. In this work, we have attempted to characterize gouging and subsurface damage using atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and cross-section transmission electron microscopy on C-plane and A-plane sapphire induced by diamond abrasive mechanical polish and chemical mechanical polish with colloidal silica.
Simple Proofs for Bochner-Schoenberg-Eberlein and the Bochner-Schoenberg-Eberlein Module Properties on ℓpX,A
Authors: Tavkoli Shirin , Abazari Rasoul , Jabbari Ali
Published: May 2024

Let X be a nonempty set, A be a commutative Banach algebra, and 1≤p<∞. In this paper, we present a concise proof for the result concerning the BSE (Banach space extension) property of ℓpX,A. Specifically, we establish that ℓpX,A possesses the BSE property if and only if X is finite and A is BSE. Additionally, we investigate the BSE module property on Banach ℓpX,A-modules and demonstrate that a Banach space ℓpX,Y serves as a BSE Banach ℓpX,A-module if and only if X is finite and Y represents a BSE Banach A-module.
Table S8 from Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Estrogen Signaling as a Target for Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients without EGFR or ALK Alterations
Authors: Park Seung-Jin , Ju Shinyeong , Goh Sung-Ho , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lee Seonjeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Kwon Yumi , Lee Wonyeop , Park Kyung Chan , Lee Geon Kook , Park Seog Yun , Kim Sunshin , Kim Seon-Young , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Cheolju
Published: May 2024

Table S8
Table S4 from Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Estrogen Signaling as a Target for Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients without EGFR or ALK Alterations
Authors: Park Seung-Jin , Ju Shinyeong , Goh Sung-Ho , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lee Seonjeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Kwon Yumi , Lee Wonyeop , Park Kyung Chan , Lee Geon Kook , Park Seog Yun , Kim Sunshin , Kim Seon-Young , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Cheolju
Published: May 2024

Table S4
Table S2 from Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Estrogen Signaling as a Target for Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients without EGFR or ALK Alterations
Authors: Park Seung-Jin , Ju Shinyeong , Goh Sung-Ho , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lee Seonjeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Kwon Yumi , Lee Wonyeop , Park Kyung Chan , Lee Geon Kook , Park Seog Yun , Kim Sunshin , Kim Seon-Young , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Cheolju
Published: May 2024

Table S2
Table S12 from Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Estrogen Signaling as a Target for Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients without EGFR or ALK Alterations
Authors: Park Seung-Jin , Ju Shinyeong , Goh Sung-Ho , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lee Seonjeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Kwon Yumi , Lee Wonyeop , Park Kyung Chan , Lee Geon Kook , Park Seog Yun , Kim Sunshin , Kim Seon-Young , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Cheolju
Published: May 2024

Table S12
Supplementary Figure 4 from Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Estrogen Signaling as a Target for Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients without EGFR or ALK Alterations
Authors: Park Seung-Jin , Ju Shinyeong , Goh Sung-Ho , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lee Seonjeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Kwon Yumi , Lee Wonyeop , Park Kyung Chan , Lee Geon Kook , Park Seog Yun , Kim Sunshin , Kim Seon-Young , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Cheolju
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Figure 4