bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turkish Education in the Context of Teaching Areas and Lecturing Principles
Authors: OKUÇ Tamer
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışmada, üniversitelerin Türkçe eğitimi bölümlerinde lisans düzeyinde öğrenim görmüş bireylerin atanacakları öğretmenlik alanının belirlenmesi ve bu öğretmenlik alanı kapsamında okutacakları derslerin Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı mevzuatı
doğrultusunda betimlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığına ait 20.02.2014 tarih ve 9 sayılı karar ile ekindeki “Öğretmenlik Alanları, Atama ve Ders Okutma Esasları” metni incelenmiş, Türkçe
öğretmenleri tarafından okutulacak dersler belirlenmiştir. İlgili öğretim programları aracılığıyla bu dersler; özel amaçları, öğrenme öğretme süreçleri ve ölçme değerlendirme yönünden betimlenmiştir. Araştırma deseni bakımından
nitel durum çalışması özelliği gösteren bu çalışmada, verilerin toplanması aşamasında doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmış, verilerin analizi sürecinde ise betimsel analiz tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma, sonuçları itibariyle
değerlendirildiğinde; Türkçe, halk kültürü, düşünme eğitimi, medya okuryazarlığı, okuma becerileri, yazarlık ve yazma becerileri, iletişim ve sunum becerileri ile drama dersleri, Türkçe öğretmenliği kapsamında okutulabilecek dersler
olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Söz konusu dersler içerikleri bakımından incelendiğinde bu derslerin; öğrencilerin ana dili becerilerinin geliştirilmesi, dil gelişimlerinin izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi, okul - aile ve toplumla
iş birliği, okuma sevgisi ve alışkanlığının kazandırılması ile öğrencilerin yaratıcı yetilerinin geliştirilmesi konusunda Türkçe eğitimi faaliyetlerini destekleyici özelliğe sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu yönüyle ilgili derslerin
ana dili eğitimi bağlamında, eğitim araştırmacıları tarafından incelenerek öğrenme öğretme süreçlerinin güçlendirilmesi sonucu, Türkçe eğitiminde yaşanan sorunların çözümü konusunda yararlı olacağına inanılmaktadır.
The Impact of Pilates Exercises on Instrumental Performance and Instrumental Performance Anxiety of Students in Violin Education
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Güllü , ÖNDER Vahide Bahar
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışmadaki amaç, keman eğitiminde pilates egzersizlerinin çalgı çalma sürecinde öğrencilerin bireysel çalgılarına yönelik performans ve performans kaygısı düzeylerine etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma metotlarından
deneysel model kapsamında yarı deneysel desenlerden ön test-son test kontrol gruplu eşleştirilmiş desen tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu … Eğitim Fakültesi Müzik Öğretmenliği bölümünde öğrenim görmekte olan 16 keman
öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın ölçümlerinde Nalbantoğlu (2007) tarafından geliştirilen “yaylı çalgılar performans kaygısı ölçeği” ve Dalkıran (2008) tarafından geliştirilen “Bireysel Çalgı Eğitimi Performans Ölçeği”
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler Mann-Whitney U testi, Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testi ve Spearman sıra farkları korelasyon analizleri ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda pilates egzersizleri alan deney grubunun
çalgı performansı öntest ve sontest puanlarının karşılaştırılmasında anlamlı farklılığın olduğu ve performans kaygısı öntest ve sontest puanları karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir fark görülmediği tespit edilmiştir. Pilates egzersizleri
almayan kontrol grubunun çalgı performansı ve performans kaygısı öntest ve sontest puanlarının karşılaştırılmasında anlamlı farkın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Pilates eğitimi alan öğrencilerin performans kaygıları ile çalgı performansları
arasında orta düzey, negatif yönlü, anlamlı olmayan bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Pilates eğitimi almayan kontrol grubu öğrencilerin performans kaygıları ile çalgı performansları arasında düşük düzey, pozitif yönlü, anlamlı olmayan
bir ilişki saptanmıştır.
AUTODETERMINAÇÃO PARA CRIANÇAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA MÚLTIPLA SENSORIAL VISUAL EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Dos Santos Moreira Flavia Daniela , Crivelenti de Figueiredo Walter Catia
Published: July 2023

Este estudo investigou a seguinte questão: a autodeterminação pode proporcionar qualidade de vida e bem-estar para crianças com deficiência múltipla sensorial visual? Objetivos: explicar o termo Self-Determination, descrever seus benefícios para as crianças com deficiência múltipla sensorial visual e propor algumas atividades para serem realizadas em casa entre a criança e sua família. Método: revisão descritiva de literatura esquematizada pela análise de 14 artigos internacionais e um artigo nacional, consultados no Google Scholar, no período de tempo compreendido entre 2000 a 2020. Resultados: a efetivação dos princípios da autodeterminação garante qualidade de vida e bem-estar para as crianças com deficiência múltipla sensorial visual, pois valoriza os pontos fortes, acima das limitações.
Spatial-Aware Multi-Level Parsing Network for Human-Object Interaction
Authors: Su Zhan , Yu Ruiyun , Zou Shihao , Guo Bingyang , Cheng Li
Published: July 2023

Human-Object Interaction (HOI) detection focuses on human-centered visual relationship detection, which is a
challenging task due to the complexity and diversity of image content. Unlike most recent HOI detection works
that only rely on paired instance-level information in the union range, our proposed Spatial-aware Multilevel
Parsing Network (SMPNet) uses a multi-level information detection strategy, including instance-level
visual features of detected human-object pair, part-level related features of the human body, and scene-level
features extracted by the graph neural network. After fusing the three levels of features, the HOI relationship
is predicted. We validate our method on two public datasets, V-COCO and HICO-DET. Compared with prior
works, our proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art results on both datasets in terms of mAProle, which
demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed multi-level information detection strategy.
Physical Activity Dose and Depression in a Cohort of Older Adults in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Laird Eamon , Rasmussen Charlotte Lund , Kenny Rose Anne , Herring Matthew P.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Among older adults (aged ≥50 years), depression is associated with an increased risk of physical, social, and cognitive dysfunction. Regular moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been associated with lower odds of depression. However, the lowest dose for protection against depression and the extent to which exceeding this level conveys additional protection are unknown.

Objective

To evaluate different MVPA doses, depressive symptoms, and major depression status in a large cohort of older adults with and without chronic disease.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A longitudinal cohort study of the same 4016 individuals at each of 5 time points (ie, waves) from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing was conducted. Data were collected from October 2009 to December 2018, and data were analyzed from June 15 to August 8, 2022.

Exposures

Continuous MVPA (metabolic equivalent of task [MET]–minutes per week [MET-min/wk]), 3 dose categories, and 5 dose categories measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Depressive symptoms and major depression status were measured using the short form of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale along with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for diagnosis of a major depressive episode during the past 12 months. Multivariable negative random-effects binomial regression models, adjusted for relevant covariates, quantified associations across time.

Results

Among the 4016 participants at each wave of the study (2205 women [54.9%]; mean [SD] age, 61.0 [8.1] years) during 10.0 years of follow-up, depression rates increased from a mean of 8.2% (95% CI, 7.4%-9.1%) to 12.2% (95% CI, 11.2%-13.2%). Bonferroni-corrected post hoc analysis indicated that participants performing 400 to less than 600 MET-min/wk had a 16% lower rate of depressive symptoms (adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81-0.86) and 43% lower odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.49-0.66) compared with 0 MET-min/wk. Those with chronic disease performing 600 to less than 1200 MET-min/wk had an 8% (AIRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98) lower rate of depressive symptoms and 44% (AOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42-0.74) lower odds of depression compared with 0 MET-min/wk. Those without disease required more than 2400 MET-min/wk for similar protection for depressive symptoms (AIRR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.90).

Conclusions and relevance

In this cohort study of older adults, significant antidepressant benefits were noted for MVPA doses below current recommendations for overall health, although greater doses were associated with larger AIRR reductions. It may be useful for public health interventions to investigate the achievability of lower physical activity thresholds among older adults with and without chronic illness to reduce the risk of depression.
Initiation Patterns of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis Among US Adults and Children, 2001 Through 2020
Authors: Henderson Mackenzie , Horton Daniel B. , Bhise Vikram , Pal Gian , Bushnell Greta , Dave Chintan V.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Many disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been approved for multiple sclerosis (MS) in the past 2 decades. Research evaluating how these approvals have changed real-world prescribing patterns is scarce.

Objective

To evaluate patterns in DMT initiations between 2001 and 2020 among commercially insured US adults and children with MS.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This serial cross-sectional study was conducted from 2001 through 2020 (mean patient enrollment duration, 4.8 years) and used US commercial claims data (MarketScan). Analysis took place between January 2022 and March 2023. Of 287 084 patients with MS identified, 113 583 patients (113 095 adults and 488 children) with MS newly initiated at least 1 DMT.

Exposure

New initiation episode of a DMT, defined as no claim for the same DMT in the previous year.

Main Outcome Measure

The proportion of total DMT initiations per year attributable to each DMT. Trends in initiations were evaluated annually.

Results

The study team identified 153 846 DMT initiation episodes among adults (median age, 46 [IQR, 38-53) years]; 86 133 female [76.2%]) and 583 among children (median age, 16 (IQR, 14-17) years; 346 female [70.9%]). Among adults, use of platform injectables showed an absolute decline of 73.8% over the study period, driven by a 61.2% reduction in interferon β initiations (P < .001 for trend). In contrast, the 2010 introduction of oral DMTs led to a rise in their use from 1.1% (2010) to 62.3% (2020) of all DMT initiations (P = .002 for trend). Infusion therapy initiations remained relatively low, accounting for 3.2% of all initiations since their introduction in 2004 but increased modestly annually after ocrelizumab was introduced (2017), reaching 8.2% of all initiations in 2020 (P < .001 for trend). Children showed similar initiation patterns, except for preferred oral therapy. Between 2019 and 2020, dimethyl fumarate was the most commonly initiated DMT in adults (23.3% to 27.2% of all initiations), while in children fingolimod was the most commonly initiated (34.8% to 68.8%).

Conclusions and Relevance

Current MS treatment guidelines emphasize shared decision-making between patients and clinicians to balance treatment efficacy, safety, cost, and convenience. This study found that oral DMTs were the predominant DMT type initiated by 2020. The cause of this shift cannot be determined from this study, but may reflect several factors, including convenience of administration, direct-to-consumer advertising, or insurance restrictions.
Cooperative distributed extremum seeking control for coupled multiagent systems based on distributed identification‐gradient tracking
Authors: Ma Wenrui , Xu Zuhua , Zhao Jun , Zhang ShuangXi , Shao Zhijiang
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a cooperative distributed extremum seeking control (ESC) approach for solving distributed optimization problems in static and dynamical multiagent systems, where the agents' coupled dynamics are unknown and only local cost values can be measured. The approach begins with each agent estimating the local gradient information of the unknown local cost function through recursive identification using measured local cost values. Subsequently, the distributed identification‐gradient tracking (DIGT) algorithm is employed to enable each agent to track the global gradient information of the global cost function, utilizing the estimated local gradient information from itself and its neighbors in the network. The proposed cooperative distributed ESC method enables the multiagent system to reach the extreme point of the global cost function under model‐free scenarios. Furthermore, the convergence properties of the approach are established for both static and dynamical multiagent systems. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and stability of the proposed approach.
Regulation of Osteoblast to Osteocyte Differentiation by Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase‐1
Authors: Tanaka Tomoyuki , Miyakoshi Yuri , Kobayashi Yutaka , Xiaolong Sun , Daiyang Yu , Ochi Hiroki , Sato Shingo , Kato Tsuyoshi , Yoshii Toshitaka , Okawa Atsushi , Kaldis Philipp , Inose Hiroyuki
Published: July 2023

Osteocytes have recently been identified as a new regulator of bone remodeling, but the detailed mechanism of their differentiation from osteoblasts remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify cell cycle regulators involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and determine their physiological significance. The study uses IDG‐SW3 cells as a model for the differentiation from osteoblasts to osteocytes. Among the major cyclin‐dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdk1 is most abundantly expressed in IDG‐SW3 cells, and its expression is down‐regulated during differentiation into osteocytes. Inhibition of CDK1 activity reduces IDG‐SW3 cell proliferation and differentiation into osteocytes. Osteocyte and Osteoblast‐specific Cdk1 knockout in mice (Dmp1‐Cdk1KO) results in trabecular bone loss. Pthlh expression increases during differentiation, but inhibiting CDK1 activity reduces Pthlh expression. Parathyroid hormone‐related protein concentration is reduced in the bone marrow of Dmp1‐Cdk1KO mice. Four weeks of Parathyroid hormone administration partially recovers the trabecular bone loss in Dmp1‐Cdk1KO mice. These results demonstrate that Cdk1 plays an essential role in the differentiation from osteoblast to osteocyte and the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of bone mass regulation and can help develop efficient therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis treatment.
A Transdermal Drug Delivery System Based on Nucleic Acid Nanomaterials for Skin Photodamage Treatment
Authors: Xie Yu , He Jiajun , Li Songhang , Chen Xingyu , Zhang Tianxu , Zhao Yuxuan , Lin Yunfeng , Cai Xiaoxiao
Published: July 2023

Skin photodamage, which is induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is a prevalent cause of skin damage. In this study, a transdermal drug delivery system is developed for the topical treatment of skin photodamage, which is composed of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) and lipoic acid (LA). The tFNAs‐LA (TLA) nanocomposite exhibits excellent biocompatibility, as well as antioxidant, anti‐apoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory capabilities. tFNA, as a carrier, facilitates TLA for cell entry and skin penetration, while the loaded LA enhances the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory capabilities. In photodamaged human dermal fibroblast (HDF), TLA promotes proliferation and migration while inhibiting apoptosis activation and reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, TLA modulates apoptosis‐related proteins and NF‐κB signaling pathways, increasing cellular secretion while suppressing inflammatory responses in photodamaged HDF cells. In the in vivo experiment, topical application of TLA promotes tissue healing in photodamaged skin, and regulates the expression of inflammation and collagen‐related proteins. It is suggested that the transdermal ability of TLA enables non‐invasive therapy for skin photodamage, highlighting the potential of employing nucleic acid‐based transdermal drug delivery systems for skin disease.
An Improved Simulated Annealing Algorithm in Dataset Domain for Optimizing Robust Workpiece Fixture Layout
Authors: Ding Heng , Dong Yude , Gao Haoyu , Cheng Hui , Yang Zhongshu , Liang Yulei
Published: July 2023

The robust layout of the fixture on the workpiece solves the problem of workpiece fixing well. Aiming at the problem of workpiece position error caused by fixture source error on workpiece surface, an improved simulated annealing algorithm based on dataset domain is adopted to reduce the workpiece position error caused by fixture locator deviation as much as possible. To find a better robust layout way, a point differentiation method is proposed to discretize continuous workpieces to obtain the dataset domain. Meanwhile, two objective functions considering curvature and non‐curvature are used to evaluate the placement scheme of locators. A point differentiation method is proposed to discretize continuous workpieces to obtain the dataset domains. Meanwhile, two objective functions considering curvature and non‐curvature are used to evaluate locator layout schemes. To improve the performance of the algorithm, an AHP‐based multi‐attribute decision‐making method is used to find a set of optimal parameters to configure the algorithm. The benchmark example and practical verification show that the locator obtained by the algorithm proposed is less discrete and denser, which solves the problem of fixture positioning very well, and the position error of the workpiece is effectively reduced.
A PDA‐Functionalized 3D Lung Scaffold Bioplatform to Construct Complicated Breast Tumor Microenvironment for Anticancer Drug Screening and Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Wanheng , Chen Yan , Li Mengyuan , Cao Shucheng , Wang Nana , Zhang Yingjian , Wang Yongtao
Published: July 2023

2D cell culture occupies an important place in cancer progression and drug discovery research. However, it limitedly models the “true biology” of tumors in vivo. 3D tumor culture systems can better mimic tumor characteristics for anticancer drug discovery but still maintain great challenges. Herein, polydopamine (PDA)‐modified decellularized lung scaffolds are designed and can serve as a functional biosystem to study tumor progression and anticancer drug screening, as well as mimic the tumor microenvironment. PDA‐modified scaffolds with strong hydrophilicity and excellent cell compatibility can promote cell growth and proliferation. After 96 h treatment with 5‐FU, cisplatin, and DOX, higher survival rates in PDA‐modified scaffolds are observed compared to nonmodified scaffolds and 2D systems. The E‐cadhesion formation, HIF‐1α‐mediated senescence decrease, and tumor stemness enhancement can drive drug resistance and antitumor drug screening of breast cancer cells. Moreover, there is a higher survival rate of CD45+/CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ T cells in PDA‐modified scaffolds for potential cancer immunotherapy drug screening. This PDA‐modified tumor bioplatform will supply some promising information for studying tumor progression, overcoming tumor resistance, and screening tumor immunotherapy drugs.
Vertical Phase Regulation with 1,3,5‐Tribromobenzene Leads to 18.5% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Chaofeng , Chung Sein , Zhao Jingjing , Sun Yuqing , Zhao Bin , Zhao Zhenmin , Kim Seunghyun , Cho Kilwon , Kan Zhipeng
Published: July 2023

The sequential deposition method assists the vertical phase distribution in the photoactive layer of organic solar cells, enhancing power conversion efficiencies. With this film coating approach, the morphology of both layers can be fine‐tuned with high boiling solvent additives, as frequently applied in one‐step casting films. However, introducing liquid additives can compromise the morphological stability of the devices due to the solvent residuals. Herein, 1,3,5‐tribromobenzene (TBB) with high volatility and low cost, is used as a solid additive in the acceptor solution and combined thermal annealing to regulate the vertical phase in organic solar cells composed of D18‐Cl/L8‐BO. Compared to the control cells, the devices treated with TBB and those that underwent additional thermal processing exhibit increased exciton generation rate, charge carrier mobility, charge carrier lifetime, and reduced bimolecular charge recombination. As a result, the TBB‐treated organic solar cells achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.5% (18.1% averaged), one of the highest efficiencies in binary organic solar cells with open circuit voltage exceeding 900 mV. This study ascribes the advanced device performance to the gradient‐distributed donor‐acceptor concentrations in the vertical direction. The findings provide guidelines for optimizing the morphology of the sequentially deposited top layer to achieve high‐performance organic solar cells.
Methods for Characterizing Intercalation in Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery Cathodes: A Review
Authors: Tay Ian Rongde , Xue Junmin , Lee Wee Siang Vincent
Published: July 2023

Aqueous zinc ion batteries have gained research attention as a safer, economical and more environmentally friendly alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. Similar to lithium batteries, intercalation processes play an important role in the charge storage behaviour of aqueous zinc ion batteries, with the pre‐intercalation of guest species in the cathode being also employed as a strategy to improve battery performance. In view of this, proving hypothesized mechanisms of intercalation, as well as rigorously characterizing intercalation processes in aqueous zinc ion batteries is crucial to achieve advances in battery performance. This review aims to evaluate the range of techniques commonly used to characterize intercalation in aqueous zinc ion battery cathodes, providing a perspective on the approaches that can be utilized to rigorously understand such intercalation processes.
3D Printing of Microenvironment‐Specific Bioinspired and Exosome‐Reinforced Hydrogel Scaffolds for Efficient Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Regeneration
Authors: Li Qi , Yu Huilei , Zhao Fengyuan , Cao Chenxi , Wu Tong , Fan Yifei , Ao Yingfang , Hu Xiaoqing
Published: July 2023

In clinical practice, repairing osteochondral defects presents a challenge due to the varying biological properties of articular cartilages and subchondral bones. Thus, elucidating how spatial microenvironment‐specific biomimetic scaffolds can be used to simultaneously regenerate osteochondral tissue is an important research topic. Herein, a novel bioinspired double‐network hydrogel scaffold produced via 3D printing with tissue‐specific decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and human adipose mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived exosomes is described. The bionic hydrogel scaffolds promote rat bone marrow MSC attachment, spread, migration, proliferation, and chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro, as determined based on the sustained release of bioactive exosomes. Furthermore, the 3D‐printed microenvironment‐specific heterogeneous bilayer scaffolds efficiently accelerate the simultaneous regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone tissues in a rat preclinical model. In conclusion, 3D dECM‐based microenvironment‐specific biomimetics encapsulated with bioactive exosomes can serve as a novel cell‐free recipe for stem cell therapy when treating injured or degenerative joints. This strategy provides a promising platform for complex zonal tissue regeneration whilst holding attractive clinical translation potential.
A Multidirectional External Perception Soft Actuator Based on Flexible Optical Waveguide for Underwater Teleoperation
Authors: Mo Liyan , Zhang Daohui , Fu Xin , Dou Jiansong , Li Kai , Bai Li , Bai Yunfei , Zhang Qifeng , Zhao Xingang
Published: July 2023

As a friendly tool, the soft gripper can be used directly for grasping vulnerable objects in underwater environments. These tasks are generally performed by teleoperation based on the visual feedback, rather than the soft actuators’ sensing information. However, vision sensors’ function may be restricted in some complex underwater environments with poor visibility and narrow spaces. This will greatly reduce the efficiency of the underwater operations. Therefore, soft actuators strongly require an organism‐like perception system to sense environmental stimuli and can be applied to complex underwater environments. To address the problem, a multidirectional external perception soft actuator based on two flexible optical waveguide sensors is developed and machine learning methods are utilized to build its perceptual model herein. The experimental results indicate that the soft actuator can recognize 12 contact positions based on the sensing model, and the identifying accuracy is up to 99.82%. Additionally, according to the contact location feedback, teleoperation can be more efficiently completed in unknown underwater environments.
Multimodal Locomotion of Magnetic Droplet Robots Using Orthogonal Pairs of Coils
Authors: Ramos-Sebastian Armando , Lee Ja Sung , Kim Sung Hoon
Published: July 2023

Recently, several fluidlike, shape‐adaptable magnetic microrobots have been developed to overcome the drawbacks posed by the rigid structure of traditional magnetic microrobots. However, most of their control systems rely on permanent magnet‐based systems, which are unfeasible for large‐scale environments, such as in vivo applications. Herein, an electromagnetic system comprising orthogonal pairs of coils is used to generate global magnetic fields, that is, magnetic fields that are applied equally to large volumes, for the multimodal locomotion of ferrofluidic robots composed of magnetic micro‐/nanoparticles. Three main magnetic field configurations, with their respective locomotion mechanisms, are explored: uniform rotating fields for droplet fission–fusion motions and locomotion; magnetic trapping point‐based locomotion for single‐ and collective‐droplet manipulation; and field‐free region‐based dragging locomotion and selective droplet control. The effectiveness of the proposed multimodal locomotion mechanisms and potential applications are experimentally demonstrated in minichannels through selective mixing, targeted delivery, and optimized magnetic heating applications. These locomotion mechanisms using global fields enable the use of fluidlike magnetic microrobots in large‐volume applications.
Probing the Competition between Duplex, G‐Quadruplex and i‐Motif Structures of the Oncogenic c‐Myc DNA Promoter Region
Authors: Pandey Akanksha , Roy Sarupa , Srivatsan Seergazhi G.
Published: July 2023

Development of probe systems that provide unique spectral signatures for duplex, G‐quadruplex (GQ) and i‐motif (iM) structures is very important to understand the relative propensity of a G‐rich‐C‐rich promoter region to form these structures. Here, we devise a platform using a combination of two environment‐sensitive nucleoside analogs namely, 5‐fluorobenzofuran‐modified 2′‐deoxyuridine (FBF‐dU) and 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine (F‐dU) to study the structures adopted by a promoter region of the c‐Myc oncogene. FBF‐dU serves as a dual‐purpose probe containing a fluorescent and 19F NMR label. When incorporated into the C‐rich sequence, it reports the formation of different iMs via changes in its fluorescence properties and 19F signal. F‐dU incorporated into the G‐rich ON reports the formation of a GQ structure whose 19F signal is clearly different from the signals obtained for iMs. Rewardingly, the labeled ONs when mixed with respective complementary strands allows us to determine the relative population of different structures formed by the c‐Myc promoter by the virtue of the probe's ability to produce distinct and resolved 19F signatures for different structures. Our results indicate that at physiological pH and temperature the c‐Myc promoter forms duplex, random coil and GQ structures, and does not form an iM. Whereas at acidic pH, the mixture largely forms iM and GQ structures. Taken together, our system will complement existing tools and provide unprecedented insights on the population equilibrium and dynamics of nucleic acid structures under different conditions.
Structure Evolution of V2O5 as Electrode Materials for Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Niu Xiaogang , Li Nan , Chen Yifan , Zhang Jianwen , Yang Yusi , Tan Lulu , Wu Jianghao , Guo Lin , Zhu Yujie
Published: July 2023

With the increasing demand for next‐generation electrochemical energy storage systems, various kinds of metal‐ion batteries have been developed in the past several decades, such as lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs), potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs), magnesium‐ion batteries (MIBs), zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs), and aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs). Due to its open structure, large interlayer spacings, multiple valence states, and reversible structural variations, layered V2O5, including two polymorphs of single layered α‐V2O5 and double layered V2O5 ⋅ nH2O, has been reported as a universal electrode material for all kinds of metal‐ion batteries mentioned above. In this review, we aim to summarize and compare the structure evolution of α‐V2O5 and V2O5 ⋅ nH2O during the insertion/extraction of various kinds of metal‐ions. This short review is expected to be helpful to comprehensively understand the structure evolution mechanism of α‐V2O5 and V2O5 ⋅ nH2O reacting with different metallic charge carriers and inspire the development of new electrode materials for high‐performance metal‐ion batteries.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of children's brain development in phonological processing and speeded naming
Authors: Song Zeyu , Jiang Zhenqi , Fan Yingwei , Lu Liang , Zhang Zhao , Wang Yifei , Chen Yu , Liu Lifei , Tang Xiaoying , Li Hanjun
Published: July 2023

The brain structure and language skills of children are understood to be in a phase of rapid development and are especially represented by key phonological‐semantic expressions that actively develop with age. In the present study, resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 85 healthy children were retrospectively analyzed. Correlations of the phonological processing and speeded naming of specific brain regions of interest with age were assessed using the fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF), degree centrality (DC), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and chain mediation effect analysis. Our results suggest that the developmental stages of children's posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC) and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) mediate language development in children. Additionally, the functional similarity of the bilateral IFG triangular part was noted during development as was the stronger activation and higher local and whole‐brain connectivity of the left IFG triangular part. Moreover, the PCC displayed stronger activation and higher local connectivity in the same period. Our data suggest that the development of the PCC and right IFG and the similarity of bilateral IFG function are important imaging markers of phonological processing and speeded naming in children and that the PCC and IFG show a more comprehensive development with age.
Semicarbazides Carrying Indole Core: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity Evaluation against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines, and Molecular Modeling Studies
Authors: Çelik Beyza , Buran Uğur Sümeyye , Baran Münevver , Gündüz Miyase Gözde , Keskin Selbi , Önder Gözde Özge , Bitgen Nazmiye , Kaya Serdal , Doğan Şengül Dilem
Published: July 2023

In this article, we report the synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel indole‐carrying semicarbazide derivatives (IS1‐IS15). The target molecules were obtained by the reaction of aryl/alkyl isocyanates with 1H‐indole‐2‐carbohydrazide that was in‐house synthesized from 1H‐indole‐2‐carboxylic acid. Following structural characterization by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HR‐MS, IS1‐IS15 were investigated for their cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. According to the data obtained from the MTT assay, phenyl ring with a lipophilic group at its para‐position and alkyl moiety were preferential substituents on the indole‐semicarbazide scaffold for antiproliferative activity. The effect of IS12 (N‐(4‐chloro‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐2‐(1H‐indole‐2‐carbonyl)hydrazine‐1‐carboxamide), the compound that demonstrated remarkable antiproliferative activity on both cell lines, was also evaluated on the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, the calculation of critical descriptors constituting drug‐likeness confirmed the position of the selected compounds in the anticancer drug development process. Finally, molecular docking studies suggested the inhibition of tubulin polymerization as the potential activity mechanism of this class of molecules.
Bioactive Thiosemicarbazone Coordination Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Theoretical analysis, Biological Activity, Molecular Docking and ADME analysis**
Authors: Jain Pallavi , Vishvakarma Vijay K. , Singh Prashant , Yadav Sandeep , Kumar Rajesh , Chandra Sulekh , Kumar Dinesh , Misra Namita
Published: July 2023

Mn(II) and Cu(II) complexes having the formula [M(L)2]X2 of ligand, i. e., 2‐acetyl‐5‐methylfuranthiosemicarbazone were synthesized. Various analytical and spectroscopic techniques described the structure of synthesized complexes. Molar conductance confirmed the electrolytic nature of the complexes. The theoretical study of the complexes explained the structural property and reactivity. The chemical reactivity, interaction and stability of the ligand and metal complexes were studied with the help of global reactivity descriptors. MEP analysis was used to investigate the charge transfer in the ligand. The biological potency was evaluated against two bacteria and two fungi. Complexes demonstrated superior inhibitory action to ligand. The inhibitory effect was also checked at the atomic scale using molecular docking, which confirmed the experimental results. Cu(II) complex was shown to have the most inhibitory effect in experimental and theoretical studies. To check the bioavailability and drug‐likeness, ADME analysis was also done.
Revisiting sp2 Dilithio Methandiides: From Geometric Curiosity to Simple Bonding Description
Authors: Leach Isaac F. , Speelman Tom , Somsen Chiel , Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Havenith Remco W. A.
Published: July 2023

The reported tetracoordinate dilithio methandiide complex from Liddle and co‐workers (1) is investigated from a coordination chemistry perspective, to probe the origin of its intriguing geometry. Through the application of a variety of computational techniques, non‐covalent (steric, electrostatic) interactions are found to be dominant. Further, we arrive at a bonding description which emphasizes the tricoordinate sp2‐hybridized nature of the central methandiide carbon, differing somewhat from the original proposal. Thus, 1 is distinct from other dilithio methandiides since it contains only one C−Li σ‐bond, and is found to be comparable to a simple aryllithium compound, phenyllithium.
ESIPT‐Active Pyrene‐imidazole Fluorophores: GSIPT, Dual Solid‐ and Solution‐State Emission plus Counter‐Intuitive Crystal Packing**
Authors: Venkatareddy Vinutha K. , Kumar Manish , Singh Vijay Pal , Malakalapalli Rajeswara Rao
Published: July 2023

We report a new excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)‐inspired hydroxyl (OH)‐substituted pyrene‐imidazole that promote unprecedented intramolecular proton transfer in the ground state (GSIPT). The enol and keto isomers are in equilibrium, with a high keto‐isomer component in the solid state. In conjunction with DFT calculations, the photophysical studies and crystal structure analysis shred substantial evidence for the ground state transformation. The ESIPT‐active compounds also show the rare feature of high dual solution (φf=70 %) and solid state (φf=41 %) emission characteristics and counter‐intuitive stronger intermolecular interactions in the solid state versus the ESIPT‐inactive counterparts.
Robustness improvement model predictive control strategy based on Luenberger observer for Y‐type modular multilevel converter
Authors: Yue Bingyan , Cheng Qiming , Cheng Yinman
Published: July 2023

The Y‐type modular multilevel converter (Y‐MMC) has high reliability due to its high modularity. It can promise AC/AC conversion for high‐voltage and large‐capacity fractional frequency transmission systems (FFTS). The Y‐MMC under linear control has a poor ability to adapt to changing working conditions, resulting in unstable transmission, slow response, and large harmonics and overshoot. The Robustness Improvement Model Predictive Control strategy (RI‐MPC) for Y‐MMC under nonideal conditions is presented in this paper to enhance robustness under unbalanced conditions and adaptability to load changes. It points out that the conventional MPC has low robustness when Y‐MMC encounters parameters difference due to faulty line, designs an improved outer‐loop PI control to enhance robustness to provide an excellent reference value for the inner‐loop current, combines the Luenberger observer with MPC and limits the parameters with Jury criterion to improve stability, and uses a two‐step prediction to compensate for delay and reduce harmonics. Through software simulation and hardware experiments, it is proved that compared with the traditional PI and MPC method, the RI‐MPC method is more robust, faster, and has application value.
Strategy on precision medicine multidisciplinary team in clinical practice
Authors: Qian Mengjia , Zhan Yanxia , Ji Lili , Cheng Yunfeng
Published: July 2023

Background

The multidisciplinary team (MDT) of precision medicine refers to an expert group composed of experts from multiple disciplines, which uses the concept of precision medicine to regularly discuss related diseases, in order to solve difficult clinical problems and put forward feasible personalized treatment schemes for patients.

Methods and results

The composition and function of precision medicine MDT is defined based on our clinical practice. MDT consists of core fixed members, extended members, auxiliary personnel and secretary. The overall workflow of MDT includes patient selection, organization, discussion and follow‐up. Under this workflow, our MDT team handled many cases, and some of them have been reported.

Conclusion

We focused on the strategy analysis on multidisciplinary team of precision medicine including composition, function, management, and criteria, hoping to provide a novel and standardized treatment mode for patients.
Life‐history traits of a tropical bagrid catfish, Mystus mysticetus Roberts, 1992, caught from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Phan Thu Quynh , Vo Lam Thi Thao , Tran Anh Ngoc , Dinh Quang Minh
Published: July 2023

Population's biological parameters, including length at first capture, mortalities, exploitation rates, growth coefficient, longevity, and recruitment times, are essential in assessing fishing status, but there is no data on Mystus mysticetus. Therefore, the study was conducted to provide these parameters to assess the fishing status of this species at Cai Rang, Can Tho (CRCT) and Long Phu, Soc Trang (LPST). A collection of 741 individual fish was used for analysis and showed that most fish size groups ranged from 9.0 cm to 12.0 cm, and the asymptotic length was 16.8 cm for both CRCT and LPST populations. The fish population von Bertalanffy curve was Lt = 16.80(1 − e−0.51(t + 0.38)) at CRCT and Lt = 16.80(1 − e−0.48(t + 0.40)) at LPST. The fish growth coefficient at CRCT (2.16) was higher than at LPST (2.13), whereas the reverse case was true for longevity ranging from 5.88 years (at CRCT) to 6.25 years (at LPST). At CRCT, fishing mortality, natural mortality, total mortality, and exploitation rate were 0.69/year, 1.40/year, 2.09/year, and 0.33, respectively; at LPST, these values were 0.75/year, 1.33/year, 2.08/year, and 0.36, respectively. Although the population parameter of this fish species exhibited a spatial variation, both CRCT and LPST fish resources have not been subjected to overexploit because E (0.33 at CRCT and 0.36 at LPST) is lower than E0.1 (0.707 at CRCT and 0.616 at LPST).
Effects of forest management on native bee biodiversity under the tallest trees in the world
Authors: Ealy Nya , Pawelek Jaime , Hazlehurst Jenny
Published: July 2023

It is not clear if mature secondary growth coniferous forests can support similar pollinator communities as old growth coniferous forests, or how active management (e.g., retention forestry) in mature secondary growth forests may affect pollinator communities. We compare the native bee community and plant‐bee interaction networks of old growth, naturally regenerating and actively managed (retention forestry) mature secondary growth forests of similar stand age. Old growth forests had a higher bee species richness and Shannon's diversity index, but not Simpson's diversity index, than both actively managed and naturally regenerating mature secondary forests. Forest type (old‐growth, naturally regenerating mature secondary growth, and actively managed mature secondary growth) had a significant effect on bee community composition. Redwood forest bee‐plant interaction networks were small in size and had lower complexity than expected and few connector species. While studies suggest that small‐scale timber harvest may increase bee biodiversity in the short‐term in other coniferous forest habitats, our study suggests that there may be long‐term negative effects of clear‐cutting that lower bee biodiversity in mature secondary growth forests as compared to mature old‐growth forests.
Joint species distribution models with imperfect detection for high‐dimensional spatial data
Authors: Doser Jeffrey W. , Finley Andrew O. , Banerjee Sudipto
Published: July 2023

Determining the spatial distributions of species and communities is a key task in ecology and conservation efforts. Joint species distribution models are a fundamental tool in community ecology that use multi‐species detection–nondetection data to estimate species distributions and biodiversity metrics. The analysis of such data is complicated by residual correlations between species, imperfect detection, and spatial autocorrelation. While many methods exist to accommodate each of these complexities, there are few examples in the literature that address and explore all three complexities simultaneously. Here we developed a spatial factor multi‐species occupancy model to explicitly account for species correlations, imperfect detection, and spatial autocorrelation. The proposed model uses a spatial factor dimension reduction approach and Nearest Neighbor Gaussian Processes to ensure computational efficiency for data sets with both a large number of species (e.g., >100) and spatial locations (e.g., 100,000). We compared the proposed model performance to five alternative models, each addressing a subset of the three complexities. We implemented the proposed and alternative models in the spOccupancy software, designed to facilitate application via an accessible, well documented, and open‐source R package. Using simulations, we found that ignoring the three complexities when present leads to inferior model predictive performance, and the impacts of failing to account for one or more complexities will depend on the objectives of a given study. Using a case study on 98 bird species across the continental US, the spatial factor multi‐species occupancy model had the highest predictive performance among the alternative models. Our proposed framework, together with its implementation in spOccupancy, serves as a user‐friendly tool to understand spatial variation in species distributions and biodiversity while addressing common complexities in multi‐species detection–nondetection data.
Efficacy of ivabradine in heart failure patients with a high‐risk profile (analysis from the SHIFT trial)
Authors: Abdin Amr , Komajda Michel , Borer Jeffrey S. , Ford Ian , Tavazzi Luigi , Batailler Cécile , Swedberg Karl , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Mahfoud Felix , Böhm Michael ,   the SHIFT Investigators
Published: July 2023

Aims

Early start and patient profile‐oriented heart failure (HF) management has been recommended. In this post hoc analysis from the SHIFT trial, we analysed the treatment effects of ivabradine in HF patients with systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 110 mmHg, resting heart rate (RHR) ≥ 75 b.p.m., left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 25%, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III/IV, and their combination.

Methods and results

The SHIFT trial enrolled 6505 patients (LVEF ≤ 35% and RHR ≥ 70 b.p.m.), randomized to ivabradine or placebo on the background of guideline‐defined standard care. Compared with placebo, ivabradine was associated with a similar relative risk reduction of the primary endpoint (cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization) in patients with SBP < 110 and ≥110 mmHg [hazard ratio (HR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–1.08 vs. HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.72–0.89, P interaction = 0.34], LVEF ≤ 25% and >25% (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.72–1.01 vs. HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.71–0.90, P interaction = 0.53), and NYHA III–IV and II (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.94 vs. HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69–0.94, P interaction = 0.79). The effect was more pronounced in patients with RHR ≥ 75 compared with <75 (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68–0.85 vs. HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.81–0.1.16, P interaction = 0.02). When combining these profiling parameters, treatment with ivabradine was also associated with risk reductions comparable with patients with low‐risk profiles for the primary endpoint (relative risk reduction 29%), cardiovascular death (11%), HF death (49%), and HF hospitalization (38%; all P values for interaction: 0.40). No safety concerns were observed between study groups.

Conclusions

Our analysis shows that RHR reduction with ivabradine is effective and improves clinical outcomes in HF patients across various risk indicators such as low SBP, high RHR, low LVEF, and high NYHA class to a similar extent and without safety concern.
The isolation and characterization of lipid compounds from black soldier fly larvae
Authors: Okwuosa Raissa , Mabusela Wilfred T. , Missengue Roland N. M. , Petrik Leslie F.
Published: July 2023

With the global demand for lipid compounds on the rise, concerns are growing about the environmental and economic impact of traditional lipid sources. This concern is exacerbated by the ever‐increasing demand for plant‐based lipids, which is contributing to unsustainable production practices and competition for land and food. Considering this challenge, this work aimed at exploring the potential of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as a low‐cost and ecofriendly source of lipid classes. A fractionation scheme consisting of a mixture of polar and nonpolar solvents at different ratios was employed to isolate the lipid classes from BSFL oil using silica gel column chromatography, which is a conventional method of chromatography. The fraction's separation efficiency was validated using thin‐layer chromatography and characterized with Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography flame ionization (GC‐FID). Triglycerides (30%) were found to be the most abundant component while cholesterols (0.6%) were the least abundant lipid fractions in the lipid mixture. GC‐FID in the various lipid fractions analyzed, lauric acid exhibited the highest percentage among the triglycerides (16.64%), diglycerides (19.10%), monoglycerides (22.70%), and free fatty acids (27.65%) fractions. The fractionation scheme proposed achieves high efficiency in separating and recovering different lipid classes extracted from the BSFL.