bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-Calibration of Satellite Passive Microwave Land Observations from AMSR-E and AMSR2 Using Overlapping FY3B-MWRI Sensor Measurements
Authors: Du Jinyang , Kimball John , Shi Jiancheng , Jones Lucas , Wu Shengli , Sun Ruijing , Yang Hu
Published: September 2014

The development and continuity of consistent long-term data records from similar overlapping satellite observations is critical for global monitoring and environmental change assessments. We developed an empirical approach for inter-calibration of satellite microwave brightness temperature (Tb) records over land from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) and Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) using overlapping Tb observations from the Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI). Double Differencing (DD) calculations revealed significant AMSR2 and MWRI biases relative to AMSR-E. Pixel-wise linear relationships were established from overlapping Tb records and used for calibrating MWRI and AMSR2 records to the AMSR-E baseline. The integrated multi-sensor Tb record was largely consistent over the major global vegetation and climate zones; sensor biases were generally well calibrated, though residual Tb differences inherent to different sensor configurations were still present. Daily surface air temperature estimates from the calibrated AMSR2 Tb inputs also showed favorable accuracy against independent measurements from 142 global weather stations (R2 ≥ 0.75, RMSE ≤ 3.64 °C), but with slightly lower accuracy than the AMSR-E baseline (R2 ≥ 0.78, RMSE ≤ 3.46 °C). The proposed method is promising for generating consistent, uninterrupted global land parameter records spanning the AMSR-E and continuing AMSR2 missions.
ARCTIS — A MATLAB® Toolbox for Archaeological Imaging Spectroscopy
Authors: Atzberger Clement , Wess Michael , Doneus Michael , Verhoeven Geert
Published: September 2014

Imaging spectroscopy acquires imagery in hundreds or more narrow contiguous spectral bands. This offers unprecedented information for archaeological research. To extract the maximum of useful archaeological information from it, however, a number of problems have to be solved. Major problems relate to data redundancy and the visualization of the large amount of data. This makes data mining approaches necessary, as well as efficient data visualization tools. Additional problems relate to data quality. Indeed, the upwelling electromagnetic radiation is recorded in small spectral bands that are only about ten nanometers wide. The signal received by the sensor is, thus quite low compared to sensor noise and possible atmospheric perturbations. The often small, instantaneous field of view (IFOV)—essential for archaeologically relevant imaging spectrometer datasets—further limits the useful signal stemming from the ground. The combination of both effects makes radiometric smoothing techniques mandatory. The present study details the functionality of a MATLAB®-based toolbox, called ARCTIS (ARChaeological Toolbox for Imaging Spectroscopy), for filtering, enhancing, analyzing, and visualizing imaging spectrometer datasets. The toolbox addresses the above-mentioned problems. Its Graphical User Interface (GUI) is designed to allow non-experts in remote sensing to extract a wealth of information from imaging spectroscopy for archaeological research. ARCTIS will be released under creative commons license, free of charge, via website (http://luftbildarchiv.univie.ac.at).
Screen-Printed Resistive Pressure Sensors Containing Graphene Nanoplatelets and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Janczak Daniel , Słoma Marcin , Wróblewski Grzegorz , Młożniak Anna , Jakubowska Małgorzata
Published: September 2014

Polymer composites with nanomaterials such as graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes are a new group of materials with high application possibilities in printed and flexible electronics. In this study such carbon nanomaterials were used as a conductive phase in polymer composites. Pastes with dispersed nanomaterials in PMMA and PVDF vehicles were screen printed on flexible substrates, and used as an active layer in pressure sensors, exploiting contact resistance phenomena. The relationship between resistance and pressure is nearly linear on a logarithmic scale for selected types of samples, and their response is several times higher than for similar sensors with graphite layers. The use of surfactants allowed us to fabricate evenly dispersed nanomaterials with different amount of nanoplatelets and nanotubes in the composites. The samples contained from 1.25 wt.% to 2 wt.% of graphene and 1 wt.% to 0.5 wt.% of nanotubes and exhibited diverse sheet resistivity. Experiments revealed the relationship between morphology and loading of functional phase in the polymer matrix and the sensors’ sensitivity.
Do chromosome numbers reflect phylogeny? New counts for Bombacoideae and a review of Malvaceae s.l.
Authors: Marinho Rafaela C. , Mendes‐Rodrigues Clesnan , Balao Francisco , Ortiz Pedro L. , Yamagishi‐Costa Júlia , Bonetti Ana M. , Oliveira Paulo E.
Published: September 2014

• Premise of the study: Whole genome duplication (WGD) and specific polyploidy events marked turning points for angiosperm genome structure and evolution. Therefore, cytogenetic studies of polyploidy‐prone groups such as the tropical Malvaceae and plant formations such as as the Brazilian Cerrado have gained further importance. We present new chromosome counts for Cerrado Bombacoideae and revised chromosome numbers for the Malvaceae s.l., compare these between subfamilies, and relate them to phylogenetic signal.

• Methods: We studied the chromosome number of Eriotheca candolleana, E. gracilipes, E. pubescens, Pachira glabra, Pseudobombax longiflorum, and P. tomentosum. We also compared Eriotheca species ploidy levels using flow cytometry. We compiled chromosome numbers for 557 species of Malvaceae s.l., including 37 Bombacoideae species. We included this information in a phylogenetic reconstruction based on chloroplast matK‐trnK DNA to evaluate chromosome evolution of the Malvaceae s.l. and the Bombacoideae in particular.

• Key results: The Cerrado Bombacoideae presented consistently high chromosome numbers. Numbers for Eriotheca species were among the highest and varied among populations. Flow cytometry analyses showed similar 1Cx DNA for all cytotypes and indicated neopolyploidy. Chromosome numbers differed between subfamilies, with the lowest numbers in the Malvoideae and Byttnerioideae and the highest in Tilioideae. Chromosome numbers had significant phylogenetic signal for Bombacoideae but not for Malvoideae or Malvaceae s.l.

• Conclusions: Clearly distinct chromosome numbers allied to monophyly provide some support for a circumscription of the Bombacoideae and distinction within the Malvaceae. The phylogenetic signal for chromosome number supports the idea of an ancient WGD and further neopolyploidy events as important evolutionary trends for the Bombacoideae.
Pollination of Vietnamese Aspidistra xuansonensis (Asparagaceae) by female Cecidomyiidi flies: Larvae of pollinator feed on fertile pollen in anthers of anthetic bisexual flowers
Authors: Vislobokov Nikolay A. , Galinskaya Tatiana V. , Degtjareva Galina V. , Valiejo‐Roman Carmen M. , Samigullin Tahir H. , Kuznetsov Andrey N. , Sokoloff Dmitry D.
Published: September 2014

• Premise of the study: Aspidistra is a species‐rich, herbaceous monocot genus of tropical Southeast Asia. Most species are recently discovered and apparently endangered, though virtually nothing is known about their biology. Species of the genus are primarily distinguished using flower morphology, which is enormously diverse. However, the pollination process has not been directly observed in the center of diversity of the genus (N Vietnam and S China). Indirect and partly direct data on the only widely cultivated species of the genus (A. elatior) placed it among angiosperms with the most unusual pollination biology, though these data are highly controversial, suggesting pollen transfer by mollusks, crustaceans, flies, or possibly tiny soil invertebrates such as collembolans.

• Methods: Pollination of Aspidistra xuansonensis in the center of diversity of the genus was studied using visual observations and videos and light and scanning electron microscopy investigation of flowers and their pollinators. Pollinators and their larvae were molecularly barcoded.

• Key results: Aspidistra xuansonensis is pollinated by female cecidomyiid flies (gall midges). They oviposit on anthers, and larvae develop among the pollen mass. Molecular barcoding proved taxonomic identity of the larvae and the flies. The larvae neither damage floral parts nor cause gall formation, but feed on pollen grains by sucking out their content. The larvae move out of the flowers before decomposition starts. Carebara ants steal developing larvae from flowers but do not contribute to pollination.

• Conclusions: More than one kind of myiophily is present in Aspidistra. Brood site pollination was documented for the first time in Aspidistra. The pollination system of A. xuansonensis differs from other kinds of brood site pollination in the exit of the larvae prior to the decomposition of floral parts.
Determinants of Erythrocyte Methotrexate Polyglutamate Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: den Boer Ethan , de Rotte Maurits C.J.F. , Pluijm Saskia M.F. , Heil Sandra G. , Hazes Johanna M. , de Jonge Robert
Published: September 2014

Objective.

Low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is the anchor drug in the treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Response to MTX is related to the intracellular MTX-polyglutamate (MTX-PG) levels and little is known about its determinants. We aimed to define the determinants of erythrocyte MTX-PG concentrations in 2 prospective cohorts of patients with RA.

Methods.

Patients with RA treated with MTX from 2 longitudinal cohorts were included: 93 from the MTX-R study (Rotterdam, the Netherlands derivation cohort), and 247 from the treatment in Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort study (validation cohort). MTX-PG concentrations were measured at 3 months of treatment using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The MTX-PG were used as outcome measure. Various sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, and genetic factors were assessed at baseline. Associations with MTX-PG levels were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis.

Results.

Age was positively associated with MTX-PG1 (stβ 0.23, p = 0.033) and total MTX-PG (stβ 0.23, p = 0.018) in the derivation cohort, and with all MTX-PG in the validation cohort (MTX-PG1: stβ 0.13, p = 0.04; MTX-PG2: stβ 0.21, p = 0.001; MTX-PG3: stβ 0.22, p < 0.001; MTX-PG4+5: stβ 0.25, p < 0.001; and total MTX-PG: stβ 0.32, p < 0.001). Erythrocyte folate levels were positively associated with MTX-PG3 (stβ 0.3, p = 0.021) and total MTX-PG levels (stβ 0.32, p = 0.022) in the derivation cohort, which was replicated for MTX-PG3 (stβ 0.15, p = 0.04) in the validation cohort. Patients with the folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS) rs4451422 wild-type genotype had higher concentrations of MTX-PG3 (p < 0.05), MTX-PG4+5 (p < 0.05), and total MTX-PG (p < 0.05) in both cohorts. In the combined cohort, MTX dose was positively associated with levels of MTX-PG3 (stβ 0.23, p < 0.001), MTX-PG4+5 (stβ 0.30, p < 0.001), and total MTX-PG (stβ 0.20, p = 0.002), but negatively associated with MTX-PG2 levels (stβ −0.22, p < 0.001).

Conclusion.

Our prospective study shows that higher age, higher MTX dose, higher erythrocyte folate status, and the FPGS rs4451422 wild-type genotype are associated with higher MTX-PG concentrations. While only up to 21% of interpatient variability can be explained by these determinants, this knowledge may aid in the development of personalized treatment in RA.
La Chine et les institutions économiques multilatérales, entre révisionnisme et statu quo
Authors: Nicolas Françoise
Published: September 2014

Désormais deuxième puissance économique mondiale, la Chine pèse de plus en plus dans les organisations et les mécanismes économiques multilatéraux. Sa stratégie évolue, après un temps d’attente et d’observation, vers une participation plus active aux institutions dont elle est membre, et en particulier l’Organisation mondiale du commerce, ou plus largement celles de Bretton Woods. Le tout dans une démarche pragmatique, et fondamentalement attachée à la défense de ses intérêts nationaux. politique étrangère
La solution à deux États est encore possible
Authors: Arieli Shaul
Published: September 2014

Nombre d’Israéliens et de Palestiniens s’élèvent contre la « solution à deux États ». Au-delà des oppositions idéologiques, certains expliquent qu’une telle solution n’est plus envisageable compte tenu de l’imbrication croissante des territoires israéliens et palestiniens. Une étude précise de la répartition des populations et des infrastructures en Cisjordanie prouve néanmoins qu’il reste possible de tracer une « bonne » frontière entre Israël et le futur État palestinien. politique étrangère
La justice transitionnelle dans le monde arabe : fortunes et infortunes
Authors: Benraad Myriam
Published: September 2014

En 2011, les révolutionnaires qui ont secoué le monde arabe aspiraient à vivre dans des sociétés plus justes. La justice est cependant difficile à mettre en œuvre dans les phases de transition postdictature. Les nouvelles autorités peuvent être tentées d’user de méthodes fortes pour faire face au risque de contre-révolution. Le processus de justice transitionnelle se déroule mieux en Tunisie qu’en Égypte ou en Libye, où les cas de détentions arbitraires et de procès expéditifs se multiplient. politique étrangère
République centrafricaine : autopsie d'une crise méconnue
Authors: Lesueur Thibaud
Published: September 2014

Personnes déplacées, insécurité alimentaire et sanitaire, catastrophe économique, tensions communautaires qui se creusent : la République centrafricaine connaît sans doute la crise la plus grave de son histoire. Et le processus politique actuellement à l’œuvre semble impuissant. Mais cette grave crise pourrait être l’occasion, pour la communauté internationale, de repenser son modèle d’intervention, dans ses choix, dans ses moyens et dans la durée de son engagement. politique étrangère
Tourism as an Automatic Stabilizer
Authors: Laffargue Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2014

Cet article examine comment les effets destructeurs d’un arrêt soudain des entrées de capitaux étrangers sont atténués dans une petite économie ouverte ayant un secteur touristique important. Dans ce cas, le poids économique des secteurs produisant des biens échangeables internationalement, qui sont spécialement vulnérables à une hausse du coût du capital étranger, est plus faible. La baisse des prix des biens non échangeables internationalement, résultant de l’arrêt des entrées de capitaux, a pour conséquence d’attirer davantage de touristes, dont les dépenses atténuent cette baisse et facilitent un redéploiement de l’économie vers des secteurs produisant ces biens. Ces effets stabilisateurs augmentent avec l’élasticité prix de la fonction de demande de tourisme c’est-à-dire quand les services offerts aux touristes dans l’économie étudiée sont substituables à ceux proposés par d’autres destinations.
La pulsion de mort… en pratique
Authors: Houzel Didier
Published: September 2014

Pour introduire le concept de « pulsion de mort », Freud utilisa une longue citation de Fechner qui définissait un équivalent du principe de plaisir non en termes d’énergie, mais en termes de stabilité et d’instabilité. Le modèle de Freud se réfère à la notion de conflit entre pulsions, alors qu’il décrit en fait un gradient. Le nouveau modèle des pulsions qu’il propose peut se comprendre comme lié à l’idée que toute pulsion livrée à elle-même, c’est-à-dire non transformée, non symbolisée, débouche sur une totale instabilité et une destruction du Moi. C’est dans ce sens que Melanie Klein a interprété le nouveau modèle freudien en décrivant un Moi précoce menacé de destruction par l’instinct de mort qui l’habite. Le mécanisme de l’ identification projective utilisé par le Moi pour se protéger contre ce danger semble avoir donné aux psychanalystes une clé pour explorer le monde de la psychose. Hanna Segal fut une des premières à s’engager dans cette voie avec des résultats remarquables qui l’amenèrent à la description de l’ équation symbolique.
Le concept d'équation symbolique au regard de la polysensorialité. L'émergence progressive de la symbolisation chez le bébé
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: September 2014

Après avoir resitué les problématiques de l’absence et de la présence au regard de la psychanalyse et de la théorie de l’attachement, l’auteur distingue les processus de symbolisation en l’absence et en présence de l’objet, avant de proposer, dans le cadre du développement précoce, l’existence d’un gradient spatio-temporel des symbolisations permettant de passer progressivement de la symbolisation primaire (en présence de l’objet) à la symbolisation secondaire (en l’absence de l’objet). Sur le fond de ces données préliminaires, ce travail précise ensuite la place centrale des équations symboliques comme pont entre l’identité de perception et l’identité de pensée dans la mesure où les équations symboliques permettent au bébé, de donner une suite sensorielle aux expériences relationnelles ayant eu lieu avec l’objet qui s’est ensuite absenté.
L'indulgence, une forme cachée de carence parentale
Authors: Jackson Judith , Drossart Francis
Published: September 2014

L’auteur vise à montrer, à partir de certains aspects de l’analyse d’un jeune garçon de sept ans, en quoi l’indulgence parentale peut donner lieu au développement d’objets internes pathologiques. Il s’agit en somme d’une forme dissimulée de carence parentale, pouvant aboutir à un appauvrissement du moi avec constitution d’un narcissisme omnipotent, support d’une personnalité psychopathique ou addictive
Le déni omnipotent
Authors: Drossart Francis
Published: September 2014

La place du fantasme d’omnipotence est un élément important dans la métapsychologie kleinienne. Centrale au niveau de la position schizo-paranoïde, elle devient moins importante au niveau de la position dépressive, celle-ci étant le théâtre d’une opposition entre défenses maniaques (où l’omnipotence reste présente) et l’élaboration de cette position dépressive (où cette omnipotence s’estompe peu à peu). Sur le plan psychologique, on opposera la défense maniaque (bénigne jusqu’à un certain point)) et le déni omnipotent (expression hautement pathologique de la destructivité et de la pulsion de mort). Cette opposition, approfondie par les notions d’attaques contre les liens (Bion), d’équation symbolique (Segal), de narcissisme négatif (H. Rosenfeld), de claustrum (Meltzer) prend une place importante dans la clinique psychopathologique contemporaine.
La pulsion épistémophilique : la place du savoir dans le transfert. Freud, Klein et Lacan
Authors: Fernandez Isabel , Petit Laetitia
Published: September 2014

En plus de la question d’une place légitime dans la métapsychologie freudienne, la « pulsion de savoir » met en avant la difficulté du premier Freud d’articuler la quête de plaisir et son au-delà : la pulsion de mort. Avec la pulsion épistémophilique, Melanie Klein apporte alors un éclaircissement à l’ambiguïté de la pulsion de savoir et offre une sortie à l’impasse dans laquelle Freud semble se trouver. Malgré son abandon par Freud comme par Klein, la pulsion épistémophilique est-elle opératoire dans le cadre du transfert ? Permet-elle de resituer le trajet du savoir dans la cure à partir de la position de l’analyste et de son rapport au savoir ?
Sauvagerie et confusion : l'adolescence dans le courant post-kleinien
Authors: Houssier Florian
Published: September 2014

M. Klein et ses successeurs ont créé un mouvement d’idées qui, en investiguant les liens précoces mère-bébé, a modifié le paradigme de la psychanalyse en mettant le monde interne du nourrisson au centre de la vie psychique. En reprenant les éléments les plus saillants des auteurs post-kleiniens qui ont investigué le processus adolescent, nous repérons les diverses modalités narcissiques qui le traversent telles que la confusion, le cynisme, la sauvagerie, sur fond d’identification projective.
La dépression prénatale. Approche psychopathologique selon le modèle kleinien
Authors: Boukhalfa Naïma
Published: September 2014

La grossesse est associée au merveilleux, au sacré et à la finalité d’une relation amoureuse. Il est donc « peu convenable » de dire son mal être, ses doutes et son ambivalence lors de cette période de vie, au risque d’être « indigne » et incompétente dans la « mission » de porter et de donner vie à un enfant. La dépression prénatale est peu documentée et compte peu de recherches notamment en France. Les travaux de référence sont anglo-saxons, ceux-ci ont conclu à une prévalence des dépressions prénatales à hauteur de 12 à 17 % avec la notion que 50 % des dépressions du post partum ne sont que la continuité de dépressions prénatales non dépistées et non traitées (J. Heron, 2004). Malgré ces apports, cette entité clinique reste peu diagnostiquée contrairement à la dépression post natale qui représente une priorité en matière de santé mentale, elle a de ce fait été mise dans les cahiers des charges des réseaux périnatalité selon les recommandations du plan périnatalité 2005-2007. En 2013, nous avons mené une recherche dans le cadre d’une démarche universitaire autour des dépressions prénatales, et ce, à partir de l’une des plus grandes maternités de France, à savoir celle du Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise qui compte près de 5000 accouchements par an. Cette recherche a pu inclure 439 femmes enceintes et a conclu à une prévalence de 13 % des dépressions prénatales. Outre des critères neuroscientifiques, nous avons déterminé des spécificités cliniques et psychopathologiques se rapportant à ce type de dépression. Autant de critères nécessaires à l’abord diagnostique et thérapeutique. Ce texte présente une lecture psychodynamique de ces critères, selon le modèle kleinien.
La solitude en héritage
Authors: Denans Julien
Published: September 2014

L’auteur propose de revenir sur le dernier article de Mélanie Klein, publié de manière posthume, ayant pour objet le sentiment de solitude. Klein nous livre ici une version de la solitude qui, dans la lignée d’une conception tragique de l’humain, rappelle la douleur d’une intégration imparfaite et de l’incommunicabilité fondamentale qui affecte l’être parlant. Alors que l’actualité semble dévoyer la question de la solitude en la rabattant sur de pures contingences matérielles et communicationnelles, le retour à Klein pourrait bien nous aider à réinscrire sa problématisation psychique et relationnelle dont les conséquences se situent directement au niveau des pratiques.
Psychodrame et Position Dépressive : entre élaboration, régression et résistances
Authors: Blanc Adrien
Published: September 2014

La clinique contemporaine nous met régulièrement face à des patients n’ayant pas dépassé la position dépressive. De son dépassement dépend la possibilité de se déprimer face à la perte, de la reconnaître et de l’élaborer. L’article vise à remettre sur le devant la scène la nécessité et les bienfaits associés à l’acquisition d’une capacité à se déprimer face aux évènements de vie afin de les vivre, de s’y confronter et de les intégrer à sa continuité d’existence sans se figer dans un état pathologique maniaque et/ou mélancolique. L’auteur propose, à travers un retour sur la prise en charge d’un adolescent souffrant de troubles limites au psychodrame psychanalytique individuel, une réflexion processuelle sur les indicateurs permettant d’attester de l’élaboration de la position dépressive, et de ses effets thérapeutiques associés.
Le modèle Universal Instructional Design au service de l’égalité des chances dans les universités canadiennes : apports, enjeux et défis
Authors: Philion Ruth , Lebel Christine , Bélair Louise M.
Published: September 2014

Au début des années soixante, on assiste à la démocratisation des universités par l’élargissement de l’accessibilité. Dans le sillon de cette massification, deux nouveaux groupes d’étudiants émergent. Les premiers sont généralement plus ou moins préparés à rencontrer les exigences de l’université et plusieurs d’entre eux vivent des problèmes d’adaptation importants qui s’expriment, entre autres, par des taux d’échec et d’abandon se situant entre 25 et 30 % chez les étudiants de première et deuxième années. À ces nouveaux profils d’étudiants, s’ajoutent des étudiants aux prises avec une vaste gamme de limitations fonctionnelles, pour lesquels les universités canadiennes ont l’obligation d’offrir des accommodements. Alors que plusieurs modalités d’accompagnement sont mises en place à l’intérieur comme à l’extérieur de la salle de classe pour tenter de diminuer les échecs et le décrochage scolaire du premier groupe d’étudiants sans pour autant rencontrer le succès escompté, le second groupe bénéficie d’accommodements qui contribuent largement à leur réussite scolaire. Reconnaissant que ces deux groupes rencontrent des besoins similaires, les universités américaines puis, plus récemment, certaines universités canadiennes optent pour mettre en place les principes directeurs issus d’un modèle intitulé le Universal Instructional Design qui se veut résolument inclusif. Bien que les principes dont ce modèle s’inspire soient fort louables, son application questionne et oblige l’université à redéfinir encore plus que jamais ses pratiques voire à clarifier ce qu’elle entend par sa mission éducative. Cet article tente de faire le point sur les enjeux que recèle un tel modèle dans un contexte où les finalités des programmes ne sont pas nécessairement définies.
La question de l’efficience d’un enseignant débutant en classe
Authors: Baconnet Sophie
Published: September 2014

L’objet d’étude de cet article est « ergo-didactique », autrement dit en prise directe avec l’analyse du travail enseignant en classe, dans sa relation avec l’objet enseigné. L’article s’appuie sur des travaux de recherche (qui ont fait l’objet d’une thèse) visant à éclairer apprentissage de l’écrit dans le cycle des apprentissages fondamentaux et formation des maîtres. Via une étude longitudinale, nous cherchons à repérer des savoirs professionnels (à la fois discursifs et pragmatiques) chez un enseignant stagiaire, soumis à un dispositif particulier de formation à l’occasion d’un atelier dirigé d’écriture au CP. Dans cet article, nous postulons que l’efficience de l’enseignant passe par sa capacité à faire avancer tous les élèves le plus loin possible en prenant en compte la singularité de chacun. Nous nous intéresserons donc de près à deux indicateurs à la base de l’efficience enseignante. Premier indicateur : l’émergence des obstacles didactiques rencontrés par les apprenants. Second indicateur : la capacité à changer de postures pour l’enseignant, en fonction de la singularité de l’apprenant. Nous cherchons à identifier et recenser ce qui chez le jeune maître, dans ses modes d’agir et de parler, est susceptible d’accompagner et de structurer les gestes d’étude des enfants. L’étude clinique s’appuie sur deux cas différents présentant un écart significatif : celui d’une élève en retard et celui d’un élève en avance. Nous analysons le discours de chacun d’eux avant de restituer les principaux résultats de ces deux études de cas. Enfin nous exposons ce qui caractérise le discours du maître : les effets de son énonciation sur les élèves sont scrupuleusement examinés. La méthode privilégie des données objectives (séances de classe filmées entièrement retranscrites dans des verbatims) suivies d’entretiens d’auto confrontation de l’enseignant face à son activité de classe selon Clot (1999).
Need for Dynamicity in Social Networking Sites
Authors: Hura Gurdeep S
Published: September 2014

This chapter presents this new emerging technology of social media and networking with a detailed discussion on: basic definitions and applications, how this technology evolved in the last few years, the need for dynamicity under data mining environment. It also provides a comprehensive design and analysis of popular social networking media and sites available for the users. A brief discussion on the data mining methodologies for implementing the variety of new applications dealing with huge/big data in data science is presented. Further, an attempt is being made in this chapter to present a new emerging perspective of data mining methodologies with its dynamicity for social networking media and sites as a new trend and needed framework for dealing with huge amount of data for its collection, analysis and interpretation for a number of real world applications. A discussion will also be provided for the current and future status of data mining of social media and networking applications.
Like, Share, Recommend
Authors: Yartey Franklin N. A. , Ha Louisa
Published: September 2014

In this study, the authors examine the use of smart phones for self-broadcasting among college students based on motivation and network externalities theories. The authors propose that smartphones have changed telephones from a point-to-point interpersonal medium to a broadcast medium for individuals to disseminate information to their networks through the use of social media. The authors hypothesized that the more friends and followers a student has on Facebook and Twitter respectively, the more likely the student will use friends and followers as self-broadcasting mediums from their smartphones. The hypothesis was supported based on survey data collected at a public university. The study also discusses the social implications of using smartphones as a broadcast and self-promotion medium.
Re-Evaluation of Nepali Media, Social Networking Spaces, and Democratic Practices in Media
Authors: Edingo Dilli Bikram
Published: September 2014

This chapter first analyzes the Nepali mainstream media and social media's effect upon its relationships with audiences or news-receivers. Then, it explores how social media is a virtual space for creating democratic forums in order to generate news, share among Networked Knowledge Communities (NKCs), and disseminate across the globe. It further examines how social media can embody a collective voice of indigenous and marginalized people, how it can better democratize mainstream media, and how it works as an alternative media. As a result of the impact of the Internet upon the Nepali society and the Nepali mainstream media, the traditional class stratifications in Nepal have been changed, and the previously marginalized and disadvantaged indigenous peoples have also begun to be empowered in the new ways brought about by digital technology. Social networking spaces engage the common people—those who are not in power, marginalized and disadvantaged, dominated, and excluded from opportunities, mainstream media, and state mechanisms—democratically in emic interactions in order to produce first-hand news about themselves from their own perspectives. Moreover, Nepali journalists frequently visit social media as a reliable source of information. The majority of common people in Nepal use social networking sites as a forum to express their collective voice and also as a tool or medium to correct any misrepresentation in the mainstream media. Social media and the Nepali mainstream media converge on the greater issues of national interest, whereas the marginalized and/or indigenous peoples of Nepal use the former as a space that embodies their denial of discriminatory news in the latter.
Integrating Mobile Learning, Digital Storytelling and Social Media in Vocational Learning
Authors: Eriksson Miikka , Tuomi Pauliina , Vuojärvi Hanna
Published: September 2014

In this chapter, the focus falls on integrating mobile learning, digital storytelling, and social media into vocational learning practices. The literature review introduces the development of mobile learning and digital storytelling and presents ways in which these concepts can piggyback the interactive features of social media. A case study during which participating students used mobile phones and videos with a mobile social video application (MoViE) to design and produce representative digital stories based on local tourism attractions is also presented. Twenty-five students participated in the internet inquiry about student attitudes towards the use of social media as part of their vocational expertise and their learning experiences with mobile devices and MoViE. This chapter illustrates the benefits as well as the shortcomings of the used learning concept in order to produce more concrete knowledge of the use of mobile devices and social video applications in learning.
Behind the Scenes
Authors: Griffin Alison , Forzetting Sarah
Published: September 2014

In discussions surrounding collection development and approval plans, one often forgotten aspect of the conversation is the role of vendors in crafting the profiles and systems that aid library subject selectors in title-by-title selecting. This chapter outlines current approval practices and highlights new challenges, such as integrating e-books and mediating Patron Driven Acquisitions. The chapter aims to provide library selectors with information about the approval profile process so that they can get the most out of meetings with vendors.
Digital Resources and Approaches Adopted by User-Centred Museums
Authors: Solima Ludovico
Published: September 2014

Society is experiencing unprecedented changes, largely attributable to the evolution of communication technologies, which are steadily reframing our way of life, and the methods we use to establish and maintain social relations. Museums are therefore facing numerous challenges, in general as a result of these developments: apps, open content, and the Internet-of-things. A complex relationship can be created between visitors and the museum, and this also opens new unexplored opportunities for user involvement in the museum's activities, even during the course of the visit itself. It is worth taking care to identify all the variables involved in the museum-visitor-relationship, which also encompasses the social dimension. Both the museum and the individual are active participants in a gradually expanding relationship, namely the growth of the so-called Web 2.0 and social media. Therefore, we can assume the need for museums to develop a conscious strategy for their social media presence, a real social media strategy, which forms part of the museum's wider digital strategy. The increasingly pervasive spread of e-mobile technology is a foretaste of the moment when museumgoers will radically change both the way of establishing relations with these organisations and the actual ways of using museum services. This chapter focuses on digital resources and approaches adopted by user-centred museums, where there is an increasing impact from the internet and social media.
Social Network Integration in Document Summarization
Authors: Farzindar Atefeh
Published: September 2014

In this chapter, the author presents the new role of summarization in the dynamic network of social media and its importance in semantic analysis of social media and large data. The author introduces how summarization tasks can improve social media retrieval and event detection. The author discusses the challenges in social media data versus traditional documents. The author presents the approaches to social media summarization and methods for update summarization, network activities summarization, event-based summarization, and opinion summarization. The author reviews the existing evaluation metrics for summarization and the efforts on evaluation shared tasks on social data related tracks by ACL, TREC, TAC, and SemEval. In conclusion, the author discusses the importance of this dynamic discipline and great potential of automatic summarization in the coming decade, in the context of changes in mobile technology, cloud computing, and social networking.
Nigeria's Core Values and the Use of Social Media to Promote Cultural Values
Authors: Asemah Ezekiel S. , Ekhareafo Daniel O. , Olaniran Samuel
Published: September 2014

This article examines how Nigeria's core values are being redefined in the face of the new media and cultural globalisation era; it identifies Nigeria's core values to include age, greeting, dressing, among others. The questionnaire was used as an instrument to elicit data from the sampled population (Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State). Findings show that the Internet, especially, is changing Nigeria's core values. Based on the findings, the paper concludes that Nigerians, especially the youths no longer have regards for their culture; rather, they value foreign culture. Also, the paper concludes that globalisation and global culture is gradually eroding Nigeria's core values as people no longer have regards for their local culture; rather they value the foreign culture. The paper, among others, recommends that the media in Nigeria should adequately transmit local programmes in order to genuinely reflect indigenous culture. The media no doubt, plays a significant role in projecting and reflecting culture. In doing so, indigenous culture should be adequately reflected through sufficient airing of programmes with local content to prevent dominance of Western values over indigenous values and the local languages be instituted in Nigerian school system and monitored to ensure local dialects are learnt and spoken. In this way, the youths will learn to attach value to their culture right from their formative years.
Teaching Students about Online Professionalism
Authors: Lancaster Thomas
Published: September 2014

Many students appear to be continually connected to social media sites such as Facebook. Such social media sites can be pervasive in nature. The use of these sites through mobile devices often extends into the classroom, sometimes to the detriment of scheduled teaching activities. Further, many students do not seem to be aware of the negative effect that ill-considered information placed on social media sites can have towards their future employment. This chapter reviews the positives and negatives of social media as it relates to the future employability of students. Due to the changing nature of this field, the chapter is largely presented from practical experience, rather than a traditional academic research-led approach. Much of the focus is on the ways that students can present themselves online in a manner which should encourage employers to offer students jobs and placement opportunities. The chapter reviews a number of the major Websites where students should establish professional profiles. It also looks at the overall need for students to establish a professional presence online and show that they are a desirable employee. The chapter concludes by looking at the challenges involved with integrating the teaching of employability through social media into existing teaching. A number of research areas for further consideration are also presented.
Online Engagement and Impact
Authors: Papagiannidis Savvas , Stamati Teta , Behr Hartmut
Published: September 2014

In this paper the authors studied how Greek politicians use their Internet presence and in particular social media to engage citizens, examining the perceived significance of establishing an online presence and the motivating and hindering factors for doing so. The authors also studied how online strategies are implemented and executed in three different periods, namely pre-elections, a crisis period (in the authors' case the Greek sovereign debt crisis) and a ‘normal' period. To answer the authors' research questions the authors adapted a social media conceptual framework to online political presence. Data was collected via in-depth interviews with candidates of 5 different political parties taking part in the general elections of 2012. The authors' analysis suggests that although politicians are increasingly interested in engaging with citizens via online technologies, their efforts are not always focused on achieving measurable and tangible results. Politicians' online strategies need to be organised around the concepts of communication, engagement and influence and not around the electronic spaces where these take place, i.e. the objectives and the means need to be clearly distinguished and utilised. The authors discuss the implications of their findings from a theoretical and practical perspective, in the context of online political marketing and political participation and engagement.
Students' Privacy Concerns on the Use of Social Media in Higher Education
Authors: Aymerich-Franch Laura , Fedele Maddalena
Published: September 2014

Social media is principally used by students in the private sphere. However, its implementation for educational purposes in higher education is rapidly expanding. This chapter looks into undergraduate students' perceptions of using social media in the university context. In particular, it examines students' privacy concerns regarding faculty use of social networks to support classroom work and video calling or online chats to meet for work discussion. Two-hundred-forty-four undergraduate students completed a survey and four focus groups were carried out. The results reveal that although students generally accept using social media in the instructional arena, privacy concerns can easily emerge. Educational institutions are encouraged to take these concerns seriously. Using applications specifically created for learning purposes and developing some guidelines for a correct implementation of these resources for the faculty to follow might contribute to alleviate these concerns.
Media and the Moving Image
Authors: Chilsen Paul
Published: September 2014

We are immersed in a culture of spoken media, written media, and – like it or not – screen media. Just as writing and speaking skills are keys to functioning in society, we must consider that the future increasingly demands proficiency in “mediating” as well. Doing anything less leaves this powerful medium in the hands of a relative few. By offering instruction in what screen media is, how it is created, how it relates to other literacies, how the internet is changing it, and how this all informs everyday teaching and learning, the Rosebud Institute seeks to make screen media literacy more broadly understood and accessible. This chapter follows a program developed by the Rosebud Institute and looks at how – using simple, accessible technology – people can become more screen media literate by creating digital films and ePortfolios themselves. Developed along with Rosebud's program manager, Christine Wells, the creation process enables deeper, more authentic learning, allowing us all to communicate more effectively, to self assess more reflectively, and to thrive in a screen-based world.
Post-Web 2.0 Pedagogy
Authors: Cochrane Thomas , Antonczak Laurent , Wagner Daniel
Published: September 2014

The advent of web 2.0 has enabled new forms of collaboration centred upon user-generated content, however, mobile social media is enabling a new wave of social collaboration. Mobile devices have disrupted and reinvented traditional media markets and distribution: iTunes, Google Play and Amazon now dominate music industry distribution channels, Twitter has reinvented journalism practice, ebooks and ibooks are disrupting book publishing, while television and movie industry are disrupted by iTunes, Netflix, YouTube, and Vimeo. In this context the authors critique the changes brought about in a case study of film and television higher education from initial explorations of student-generated mobile movie production to subsequent facilitation of international student mobile media co-production teams supported by the development of an international Community of Practice, illustrating new forms of post-web 2.0 pedagogy.
Marketing in an Interactive World
Authors: Sasser Sheila , Kilgour Mark , Hollebeek Linda D.
Published: September 2014

The focus of this chapter is to address emerging trends, opportunities, and key challenges facing managers in their communication processes in an increasingly interactive social media environment. A review of the current social media literature and two qualitative research studies provide insights into the changing nature of the communications process in social media, as opposed to more traditional, communications environments. These insights are drawn together to provide a number of managerial implications for social media marketers.
Prolonged Antigen Presentation following an Acute Virus Infection Requires Direct and Then Cross-Presentation
Authors: Heipertz Erica L. , Davies Michael L. , Lin Eugene , Norbury Christopher C.
Published: September 2014

Antiviral CD8+ T cell recognition of MHC class I–peptide complexes on the surface of professional APCs is a requisite step in an effective immune response following many potentially lethal infections. Although MHC class I–peptide production is thought to be closely linked to the continued presence of virus, several studies have shown that the persistence of Ag presentation occurs for an extended period of time following the clearance of RNA viruses. However, the mechanism responsible for Ag presentation persistence following viral clearance was unknown until now. In this study, we used a recombinant DNA virus expressing different forms of a model Ag to study the mechanism of prolonged Ag presentation in mice. We determined that the persistence of Ag presentation consists of three distinct mechanistic phases, as follows: ongoing viral replication, persistence of virally infected cells, and cross-presentation of Ag. These data will allow manipulation of the form of Ag contained within viral vectors to produce the most effective and protective CD8+ T cell response to be generated following vaccination.
TRAIL–Receptor Costimulation Inhibits Proximal TCR Signaling and Suppresses Human T Cell Activation and Proliferation
Authors: Lehnert Corinna , Weiswange Maxi , Jeremias Irmela , Bayer Carina , Grunert Michaela , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Strauss Gudrun
Published: September 2014

The TRAIL–receptor/TRAIL system originally described to induce apoptosis preferentially in malignant cells is also known to be involved in T cell homeostasis and the response to viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Whereas the expression of TRAIL on activated NK and T cells increases their cytotoxicity, induction of TRAIL on APCs can turn them into apoptosis inducers but might also change their immunostimulatory capacity. Therefore, we analyzed how TRAIL–receptor (TRAIL–R) costimulation is modulating TCR-mediated activation of human T cells. T cells triggered by rTRAIL in combination with anti-CD3 and -CD28 Abs exhibited a strong decrease in the expression of activation markers and Th1 and Th2 cytokines compared with CD3/CD28-activated T cells. Most importantly, proliferation of TRAIL–R costimulated T cells was strongly impaired, but no apoptosis was induced. Addition of exogenous IL-2 could not rescue T cells silenced by TRAIL–R costimulation, and TRAIL-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation only prevented TCR-triggered proliferation but was ineffective if T cells were activated downstream of the TCR. Inhibition of T cell proliferation was associated with abrogation of proximal TCR signaling by inhibiting recruitment of TCR-associated signaling molecules to lipid rafts, followed by abrogation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation of ZAP70, phospholipase C-γ1, and protein kinase C-θ, and impaired nuclear translocation of NFAT, AP-1, and NF-κB. Most importantly, TRAIL–R costimulation efficiently inhibited alloantigen-induced T cell proliferation and CD3/28-induced activation and proliferation of autoreactive T cells derived from patients with Omenn syndrome, indicating that coactivation of TRAIL–R and TCR represents a mechanism to downmodulate T cell immune responses.