bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denizli ili Çivril ilçesinde elma üretimi yapan tarım işletmelerinde üreticilerin tarım sigortası yaptırma tercihleri
Authors: Tekin Ayşe , Karlı Bahri
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada; Denizli ili Çivril ilçesinde elma yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerin tarım sigortası yaptırma ve yaptırmama tercihlerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntemler ve Bulgular: Elma üretiminin yoğun olarak yapıldığı ilçede, tarımda sigorta uygulamaları da yaygın olarak yapılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, elma yetiştiriciliğinde tarım sigortası yaptıran üreticiler ve yaptırmayan üreticiler araştırmanın ana kitlesini oluşturmuştur. Oransal yöntem kullanılarak elma üretiminde sigorta yaptıran (72), sigorta yaptırmayan (72) toplam 144 üretici ile yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle görüşme yapılmıştır. Veriler 2016-2017 üretim dönemini kapsamaktadır. Sigorta yaptıran ve yaptırmayan işletmelerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri irdelenmiş﻿tir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; toplam üreticilerin %86.81’nin tarım sigortasından ortalama 5 yıldır haberdar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üreticilerin %75.69’nun tarım sigortaları ile ilgili bilgileri Tarım ve Orman İlçe Müdürlüğü, sigorta şirketleri, televizyon ve internet kaynaklarından sağladığı saptanmıştır.Genel Yorum: İşletmelerin %69.44’ünün devletin sigorta prim desteği uygulamasından olumlu etkilendiği saptanmıştır. Üreticilerin %30.56’sının ise sigorta prim desteğinden etkilenmedikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 2017 üretim sezonu için sigorta yaptıran işletmelerin elma dikili alanları ortalaması 35 dekardır. Ayrıca sigorta yaptıran üreticilerin ortalamada 6762 TL prim ücreti ödediği saptanmıştır. Sigorta yaptıran üreticilerin yaş ortalamalarının küçük, eğitim seviyelerinin yüksek ve arazilerinin olması sigorta tercihlerini olumlu etkilemiştir. Sigorta yaptırmayan üreticilerin ise yaş ortalamalarının büyük, eğitim seviyelerinin düşük ve arazilerinin küçük, parçalı olması sigorta tercihlerini olumsuz etkilemiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Denizli ili Çivril ilçesinde elma üretimini tehdit eden riskler ve bu risklere karşı üreticilerin tutumları, üreticilerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve sigorta yaptırma/yaptırmama tercihlerinin incelenmesi.
Kombu çayı üretiminde inkübasyon sıcaklığının etkisi
Authors: Sağlam Hidayet , Karaaslan Asliye , Malkaç Kübra , Türbeci Uğur , Demir Mehmet , Yıldız Mert Can
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Kombu çayı dünya genelinde tüketilen fakat ülkemizde bilinirliliği az olan, asetik asit fermentasyonu ile alkol fermentasyonunun gerçekleştiği simbiyotik ilişki sonucunda meydana gelen hafif tatlı ve asidik bir içecektir. Sağlık açısından birçok yararı olan bu içeceğin üretim koşullarında sıcaklık önemli bir parametredir. Bu çalışmayla inkübasyon sıcaklığı ve fermentasyon süresinin kombu çayının fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özelliklerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, Kombu çayı; oda sıcaklığı (15-20°C) ve 28°C’deki sıcaklıkta 15 gün fermentasyona tabi tutulmuş ve bu sürede 0., 5., 10. ve 15. günlerdeki fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikler incelenmiştir. Oda sıcaklığında üretilen Kombu çayı örneklerinin pH değeri 3.51-5.39; briks değerleri 8.71-9.57; alkol oranı %1.10-3.07; toplam fenolik madde miktarı 374-364 mg gallik asit L-1; antioksidan aktivitesi %80.57-76.58 ve yoğunluk değeri 1.037-1.036 g mL-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 28°C’de fermente edilen Kombu çayı örneklerinin ise pH değeri 3.22-5.39; briksinin 8.71–10.10; alkol içeriğinin %1.10-3.76; toplam fenolik madde miktarının 374-430 mg gallik asit L-1; antioksidan aktivitesinin %80.57-80.00 ve yoğunluğunun 1.037-1.035 g mL-1 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Her iki sıcaklıkta üretilen Kombu çaylarının L*, a* ve b* değerleri incelendiğinde, farklı fermentasyon koşullarının 5. ve 10. günlerinde a* ve b* değerleri ile 15. günün L* ve a* değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli fark (p <0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Farklı sıcaklıklarda üretimi gerçekleştirilen Kombu çayının her iki sıcaklıkta fermentasyon günlerine bağlı olarak mikroorganizma sayılarında önemli düzeyde (p <0.05) artış tespit edilmiştir. Farklı sıcaklıklardaki fermentasyon koşullarına göre maya-küf sayılarındaki artış istatistiksel olarak önemsizken, bakteri sayısı açısından 5. ve 10. günlerdeki artış istatistiksel açıdan önemli (p <0.05) bulunmuştur.Genel Yorum: Fermentasyon sıcaklık ve/veya süresinin standartlaştırılması yerine kombu çayı üretimindeki fermentasyon koşullarının tespitinde ürünün pH değerinin önemli bir kriter olduğu düşünülmektedir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu bulgular ışığında, kombu çayı üretiminde, üretimin standardizasyonunda fermentasyon süresi 28°C’de 10 gün veya oda sıcaklığında 15.gün olması önerilmektedir.
Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyinin 2010-2019 yıllarındaki değişimi ve gelecek yıllar için trend analizi ile belirlenmesi
Authors: Kuzu Hamza , Karadöl Hayrettin , Aybek Ali
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Tarım işletmelerinde daha sağlıklı üretim planlamalarının yapılması, verimliliğin arttırılması ve geleceğe yönelik projeksiyonlar oluşturulması için bölgenin mekanizasyon düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin önemli bir tarım bölgesi olan Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin iller bazında mekanizasyon düzeyi gösterge değerleri (kW ha-1, traktör sayısı 1000 ha-1, ha traktör-1, makina traktör-1), 2010-2019 yılları için belirlenmiş ve 2020-2030 yılları için ise kW ha-1 değeri trend analizi yardımıyla tahmin edilmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumundan alınmıştır.Genel Yorum: Bölge genelinde yıllara göre kW ha-1, traktör 1000 ha-1 gösterge değerleri artmış (0.70-0.99 kW ha-1; 17.45-24.63 traktör 1000 ha-1), ha traktör-1 ve makina traktör-1 gösterge değerleri ise azalmıştır (57.29-40.60 ha traktör-1; 5.17-5.04 makina traktör-1). kW ha-1 değeri; en yüksek Adıyaman ilinde (1.81-2.47 kW ha-1), en düşük ise Diyarbakır ilinde (0.60-0.74 kW ha-1) gerçekleşmiş ve bölge genelinde on yılda ortalama %3.70 artış göstererek 0.70-0.99 kW ha-1 olmuştur. kW ha-1 gösterge değeri; bölge genelinde 2020-2030 yıllarının ortalama artış değerinin %2.47 olması tahmin edilmiş ve bu değerin de Türkiye ortalamasının (%2.22) üzerinde gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. kW ha-1 değeri; bölge geneli için 2020 yılında 1.02, 2025 yılında 1.16 ve 2030 yılında 1.31 olması tahmin edilmektedir. Bölgede mekanizasyon düzeyinin yıllara göre iyileşme sağladığı, ancak bu düzeyin iyileşme hızının düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyinin bölgesel/iller bazında kapsamlı olarak güncel verilerle ortaya konulması, tarımsal kalkınma planlarına katkı sağlayarak geleceğe yönelik doğru kararların alınmasını sağlayabilecektir. Böylece tarım işletmelerinin; daha sağlıklı üretim planlaması yapılabilecek, işletmeye optimum traktör ve makina seçimi gerçekleştirilebilecek, verimlilik arttırılabilecek ve geleceğe yönelik projeksiyonlar oluşturulabilecektir.
Humik asit ve azotlu gübre uygulamalarının lavanta (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) bitkisinin bazı verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkisi
Authors: Aslan Sabri , Sarıhan Ercument Osman
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, humik asit ve azotlu gübre dozlarının lavanta (L. angustifolia Mill.) bitkisinin bazı bitkisel özelikleri ve verimi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Deneme; 2019-2020 yıllarında, Uşak Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama alanında yürütülmüştür. Denemede humik asit uygulanmış (100 kg ha-1) ve uygulanmamış (Kontrol) parsellere, 3 farklı dozda (Kontrol, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1) azotlu gübreleme yapılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Ana parselleri humik asit uygulamaları alt parselleri ise azot dozları oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada; bitki boyu (cm), taze herba verimi (kg ha-1), drog herba verimi (kg ha-1), drog çiçek verimi (kg ha-1), uçucu yağ oranı (%), uçucu yağ verimi (L ha-1 ) çiçek başağı sayısı (adet parsel-1) ve çiçek başağı uzunluğuna (cm) ilişkin ölçümler yapılmıştır.Genel Yorum: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, denemede 1. yıl, humik asit uygulanan parsellerde drog çiçek verimi 343 kg ha-1 iken, humik asit uygulanmayan parsellerde 274 kg ha-1 olmuştur. İkinci yılda ise bu değerler sırasıyla 3101 ile 1426 kg ha-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağ verimi ise humik asit uygulanan parsellerde ilk yılda 27,7 L ha-1, ikinci yılda 123 L ha-1 olarak belirlenirken, humik asit uygulanmayan parsellerde sırasıyla 21,4 ile 55,1 L ha-1 olmuştur.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Humik asit uygulamasının lavanta bitkisinin gelişmesinde olumlu katkısının olduğu ve yapılacak olan azotlu gübreleme miktarının 30-60 kg ha-1 arasında uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.
PENDAMPINGAN GURU TK DAN SD DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PENELITIAN TINDAKAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Laksana Dek Ngurah Laba , Lawe Yosefina Uge , Ita Efrida
Published: April 2021

Telah teridentifikasi bahwa pemahaman dan keterampilan guru dalam melaksanakan penelitian tindakan masih rendah. Di sisi lain, masa pandemi ini menyulitkan guru dalam melaksanakan tindakan kelas. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pendampingan dengan tetap memperhatikan protokol kesehatan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Tujuan dari kegiatan pendampingan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan guru merencanakan, melaksanakan, menyajikan dan mempublikasikan hasil penelitian tindakan kelas di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode pelaksanaan pendampingan melalui ceramah presentasi, tatap muka, dan diskusi (tatap muka dan daring). Data yang diperoleh, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di TK dan SD Widiatmika, Kabupaten Badung, Bali. Dengan melibatkan 31 guru TK dan SD dari Yayasan Widiatmika. Hasil kegiatan adalah terjadi peningkatan pemahaman tentang hakekat penelitian tindakan, peningkatan keterampilan dalam melakukan perencanaan penelitian tindakan kelas, pengembangan instrumen penelitian tindakan kelas, teknik menyajikan data hasil penelitian, pengembangan proposal dan pelaksanaan penelitian, desiminasi/seminar hasil penelitian, dan publikasi karya ilmiah. Peningkatan kompetensi guru tersebut dari kategori cukup baik (64%) menjadi kategori sangat baik (92%).
Immortality of the Soul in Ecclesiastes and Akan traditional Thought: A Comparative Analysis from an African Christian Theological Perspective
Authors: Fosu John Kwasi
Published: April 2021

This article surveys the immortality of the soul in Ecclesiastes and Akan traditional thought from an African Christian theological perspective.Using comparative analysis, it argues that there is a remarkable similarity between the concept of immortality in Ecclesiastes and that of the Akan religio-cultural traditions. It is theologically significant to consider the immaterial nature of humankind, death and immortality that has been regarded as mystical and not experiential. This discovery of similarity with Ecclesiastes allows the Akan, and for that matter Africans, the possibility of relocating their religio-cultural and traditional worldviews within the wider context of the biblical cultures and thus Christian theology.

Keywords: Immortality, Worldview, Ecclesiastes, Akans
FASHION INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS’ VIEWPOINTS ON CREATIVITY AT WORK
Authors: Bukantaitė Sigita , Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė Živilė
Published: April 2021

The article investigates the attitude of fashion industry managers towards creativity competence and its application in the fashion retail industry. The semi-structured interviews with middle managers allowed distinguishing three categories of activities. In the fashion retail industry, managers need creativity competence: performing technical assignments, working with clients, and working with staff members. For this research, middle managers were chosen because they are the mediators between the company’s general managers and the sales-men. Middle managers play an essential role in bringing organization’s culture, organizing sales-men’s work, and personal development. Therefore, creativity is crucial for managers to have in mind, as the fashion industry is fast changing and dynamic. Creativity competence is effective in a team only if there is proper communication of a manager who can assure all team members understand the organization’s primary purposes and values. The research revealed that managers apply various methods for promoting creativity that includes verbal interactions: discussions, delegating responsibility or tasks, sales promotion games, accumulation and systemization of information, sharing within social networks, provision of feedback, and encouragement of independent search for solutions. This study’s results can help develop job descriptions that would attract the right employees to fashion sales. Understanding the importance of creativity in a salesperson’s day-to-day work can help look at technical or repetitive work differently, increase sales staff’s motivation, and improve sales results.
Relativistic Outflows from a GRMHD Mean-field Disk Dynamo
Authors: Vourellis Christos , Fendt Christian
Published: April 2021

In this work, we present simulations of thin accretion disks around black holes, in order to investigate a mean-field disk dynamo, using our resistive GRMHD code, which is able to produce a large-scale magnetic flux. We consider a weak seed field in an initially thin disk, a background (turbulent) magnetic diffusivity, and the dynamo action itself. A standard quenching mechanism is applied to mitigate an otherwise exponential increase in the magnetic field. Comparison simulations of an initial Fishbone–Moncrief torus suggest that reconnection may provide another quenching mechanism. The dynamo-generated magnetic flux expands from the disk interior into the disk corona, becomes advected by disk accretion, and fills the axial region of the domain. The dynamo leads to an initially rapid increase in magnetic energy and flux, while for later evolutionary stages the growth stabilizes. Accretion toward the black hole depends strongly on the type of magnetic-field structure that develops. The radial field component supports extraction of angular momentum, and thus accretion. It also sets the conditions for launching a disk wind, initially from the inner disk area. When a strong field engulfs the disk, strong winds are launched, predominantly driven by the pressure gradient of the toroidal field. For rotating black holes, we identify a Poynting flux-dominated jet, driven by the Blandford–Znajek mechanism. This axial Poynting flux is advected from the disk, and therefore accumulates at the expense of the flux carried by the disk wind, which is itself regenerated by the disk dynamo.
Magnetic Fields and Star Formation around H II Regions: The S235 Complex
Authors: Devaraj R. , Clemens D. P. , Dewangan L. K. , Luna A. , Ray T. P. , Mackey J.
Published: April 2021

Magnetic fields are ubiquitous and essential in star formation. In particular, their role in regulating formation of stars across diverse environments like H ii regions needs to be well understood. In this study, we present magnetic field properties toward the S235 complex using near-infrared (NIR) H-band polarimetric observations, obtained with the Mimir and POLICAN instruments. We selected 375 background stars in the field through combination of Gaia distances and extinctions from NIR colors. The plane-of-sky (POS) magnetic field orientations inferred from starlight polarization angles reveal a curved morphology tracing the spherical shell of the H ii region. The large-scale magnetic field traced by Planck is parallel to the Galactic plane. We identified 11 dense clumps using 1.1 mm dust emission, with masses between 33 and 525 M
⊙. The clump-averaged POS magnetic field strengths were estimated to be between 36 and 121 μG, with a mean of ∼65 μG. The mass-to-flux ratios for the clumps are found to be subcritical with turbulent Alfvén Mach numbers less than 1, indicating a strongly magnetized region. The clumps show scaling of magnetic field strength versus density with a power-law index of 0.52 ± 0.07, similar to ambipolar diffusion models. Our results indicate that the S235 complex is a region where stellar feedback triggers new stars, and the magnetic fields regulate the rate of new star formation.
Could Switchbacks Originate in the Lower Solar Atmosphere? I. Formation Mechanisms of Switchbacks
Authors: Magyar Norbert , Utz Dominik , Erdélyi Robertus , Nakariakov Valery M.
Published: April 2021

The recent rediscovery of magnetic field switchbacks or deflections embedded in the solar wind flow by the Parker Solar Probe mission lead to a huge interest in the modeling of the formation mechanisms and origin of these switchbacks. Several scenarios for their generation were put forth, ranging from lower solar atmospheric origins by reconnection, to being a manifestation of turbulence in the solar wind, and so on. Here we study some potential formation mechanisms of magnetic switchbacks in the lower solar atmosphere, using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations. The model is that of an intense flux tube in an open magnetic field region, aiming to represent a magnetic bright point opening up to an open coronal magnetic field structure, e.g., a coronal hole. The model is driven with different plasma flows in the photosphere, such as a fast up-shooting jet, as well as shearing flows generated by vortex motions or torsional oscillations. In all scenarios considered, we witness the formation of magnetic switchbacks in regions corresponding to chromospheric heights. Therefore, photospheric plasma flows around the foot-points of intense flux tubes appear to be suitable drivers for the formation of magnetic switchbacks in the lower solar atmosphere. Nevertheless, these switchbacks do not appear to be able to enter the coronal heights of the simulation in the present model. In conclusion, based on the presented simulations, switchbacks measured in the solar wind are unlikely to originate from photospheric or chromospheric dynamics.
Large Amplitude Switchback Turbulence: Possible Magnetic Velocity Alignment Structures
Authors: Wu Honghong , Tu Chuanyi , Wang Xin , Yang Liping
Published: April 2021

Switchbacks are widely acknowledged phenomena observed by the Parker Solar Probe and appear to occur in patches. Previous studies focused on the fluctuations at the magnetic reversals. However, the nature of the fluctuations inside the switchbacks remains unknown. Here we utilize the magnetic field data and plasma data measured by the Parker Solar Probe in the first four encounters. We investigate the fluctuations in the switchback intervals of 100 s with

at every instant and compare them to the fluctuations in the nonswitchback intervals of 100 s with

at every instant. We calculate normalized cross-helicity

, normalized residual energy

, correlation coefficient C
vb between

and

, Alfvén ratio r
A, and the amplitude of magnetic and kinetic fluctuations. We find that the switchback intervals exhibit a distribution of

similar with the nonswitchback intervals. However, the r
A of switchback intervals is around 0.35, while the nonswitchback intervals have r
A around 0.65, indicating the fluctuations in the switchbacks are more magnetically dominated. We also find that the distribution pattern of pixel average amplitude of both

and

of switchback intervals in the C
vb–

plane show a vertical stripe feature at

, illustrating the possible magnetically dominant magnetic-velocity alignment structure. These results will help us to understand the nature and the formation of the switchback turbulence.
The first description of the nymphal stages of Hoplopleura longula (Psocodea: Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the harvest mouse Micromys minutus (Rodentia: Muridae)
Authors: Kozina Paulina , Izdebska Joanna N. , Kowalczyk Rafał
Published: April 2021

Despite the widespread belief that an extensive body of knowledge exists for the sucking lice (Anoplura), some of their common, Eurasian or even cosmopolitan species still lack complete taxonomic descriptions, especially those for their nymphal stages. This applies especially to the most common rodent parasites: the lice of the genus Hoplopleura. In Europe, only two of the five most common Hoplopleura species have full taxonomic characteristics with a description of the nymphal stages. This study enriches the current state of knowledge for another species, Hoplopleura longula and presents the first description of its nymphal stages.

The study includes five rare louse specimens (two nymphs I, one nymph II, two nymphs III) of H. longula collected from 63 Eurasian harvest mice Micromys minutus. The collected lice were fixed and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol solution and then placed in polyvinyl-lactophenol to form total preparations.

Only two of the five species found in Eurasia (H. acanthopus, H. affinis, H. captiosa, H. edentula and H. longula) have been given full taxonomic descriptions, including immature stages. This paper presents a description of the nymphal stages of H. longula (described for the first time).
Collembola from Hundidero-Gato Cave in Southern Spain, with the description of a new species of Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 (Collembola, Entomobryidae)
Authors: Arbea Javier I. , López Virginia García , Soria Francisco Javier , Abellán Pedro
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with some Collembola from a cave at La Sierra de Grazalema (Málaga). In total, eight species of springtails were found. Two may represent new species but there is insufficient material available to prepare full descriptions (one species in the genusCeratophysella, one inHypogastrura), one species (Folsomides cf. ayllonensis) is identified to species, but differences from the nominal species suggest further studies may indicate the Grazalema populations represent a distinct form, and one other is described as new to science,Entomobrya virginiaeArbea,sp. nov.The new species is characterized by no sexual dimorphism in colour pattern, 5 central macrochaetae on Abd II and 4 macrochaetae on Abd III. For the identification and description of the new species, the set of characters proposed by Jordana and Baquero (2005) was used.
Care et psychodynamique du travail
Authors: Molinier Pascale
Published: April 2021

L’auteure revisite ses travaux de recherches, à l’hôpital, dans le complexe industriel de la viande et dans un laboratoire de recherche en nanotechnologies médicales pour montrer comment la psychodynamique du travail et la perspective du care peuvent converger et s’alimenter mutuellement. Elle défend la thèse que la psychodynamique du travail est une psychologie morale. Elle déploie la complexité et l’opacité de ce « truc de l’éthique », une dimension capitale pour comprendre la souffrance au travail.
The Case of the Missing Ladder
Authors: Petrone Fred R
Published: April 2021

(A Sherlock Holmes Mystery)
Methods of Teaching-Revisited Games and Simulation
Authors: Cooper Signe S
Published: April 2021

This article is the eighth in a series on methods of teaching. Readers are encouraged to submit articles describing teaching strategies they have found useful.
BENIGN CHONDROBLASTOMA
Authors: Aprin Hormozan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Six patients with benign chondroblastoma were treated and followed between 1970-1979. Pain and limitation of motion were the most common presenting complaints. Diagnosis was made by radiographic, pathologic, and microscopic examination. Following curettage and bonegrafting, complete healing occurred within three years in four patients. There was one recurrence of the lesion in the femoral head. Early range-of -motion exercise, and progressive protected weight-bearing to reduce complications such as stiff joint or subchondral fractures were the key points in management of these patients.
SCOLIOSIS IN FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Aragona James , Lee Casey K
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: This ease study examines scoliosis as a result of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). The authors suggest that the frequent occurrence of this disorder warrants a larger evaluation of scoliosis and other musculo-skeletal anomalies in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
MADUROMYCOSIS "ALLESCHERIA BOYDII" SEPTIC ARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: McCall Richard E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Septic arthritis due to fungal agents is rare in temperate climates such as the United States, and maduromycosis due to AUescheria boydii is especially uncommon. Of the 21 previously reported cases, only two involved the knee j'oint. Reported here is a case of Allescheria hoyan infection of the left knee of a 5-yearold girl, with eventual successful cure by a combination of surgical synovectomy and amphotericin B chemotherapy.
ARTHROGRAPHY
Authors: Cooper Richard A
Published: April 2021

KNEE ARTHROGRAPHY: MENISCAL AND EXTRAMENISCAL LESIONS.
EXPERIMENTAL STIMULATION OF OSTEOGENESIS INDUCED BY BONE MATRIX
Authors: Szabó Gy , Illés T
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Bone gaps in 20 rabbits were filled with decalcified homologous bone. Direct currents, intravenous calcium, and anabolic steroids were administered for stimulation of osteogenesis. The shape and microscopic structure of the newly formed bone, together with the velocity of the osteogenesis, were investigated. Results were assessed by microscopic and radiographic analyses. In the group of calcium posttreatment, irregular shape and callosities were characteristic. Anabolic steroids failed to improve consolidation significantly; best results were seen after electrical stimulation of the grafted areas. In the group with electrical stimulation, fair shape, together with a more regular microscopic structure of the newly formed bone, were characteristic 4 weeks after surgery. Ungrafted gaps, together with defects filled with undecalcified cortical bone, failed to heal within the examined period of time.
TREATMENT OF COMMINUTED FEMORAL SUBTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES USING THE RUSSELL-TAYLOR RECONSTRUCTION INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL
Authors: Smith John T , Goodman Stuart B , Tischenko George
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Seven patients with comminuted subtrochanteric fractures of the femur were treated with Russell-Taylor reconstruction intramedullary nails. Six of the seven fractures were AO/ ASTF T>pe C and had resulted from highenergy trauma. The average time to clinical union was 10.5 weeks - a considerable improvement over what has been achieved with other methods. There were no delayed unions, nonunions, infections, or implant failures, either postoperatively or daring follow up, which averaged 20.8 months (range: 16 to 28Ì The Russell-Taylor device offers mechanical and biologic advantages, and extends the indications for locked intramedullary nailing to include fractures at the level of or including the lesser trochanter.
POPLITEAL CYST: A SURGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Hughston Jack C , Baker Champ L , Mello Wilson
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Twenty-nine adult patients (30 knees) who failed conservative treatment had surgical excision of a non-rheumatoid cyst. To determine the effectiveness of this surgical procedure, we reviewed the cases of 24 patients (25 knees) who were available for subjective and objective follow up. Twenty of the 25 knees (80%) were rated excellent or good. Three knees had fair results. Two knees continued to have problems and ultimately underwent total knee replacement for degenerative arthritis.
CRITICAL CARE PATHWAYS IN THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE
Authors: Booth Robert E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Critical Care Pathways are outlines of each day's expected interventions and treatments for a particular process. They are part of a larger concept of case management, as an extramural, multidisciplinary approach to a patient's problems, with details suitable to their personality and case. This constitutes the overall concept of managed care.

Rather than DVT, this presentation focuses on thromboembolism. I think you'll see why I chose to emphasize this complication instead.

Modern medicine has been turned upside down; the rules are different, expectations are different. I would suggest to physicians who are resisting the CCP concept that it may be your salvation as much as it is a paperwork torment. It's clearly a way to provide better care for your patients.
A Prospective, Clinical Study Evaluating Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction Using the Semitendinosus and Iliotibial Band: 2- to 5-Year Follow up
Authors: Billotti Joseph D , Meese Michael A , Alberta Frank , Zimmerman Mark C
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Seventy-three ACL-defident knees were reconstructed using a modified Zarins and Rowe arthroscopic procedure utilizing the semitendinosus tendon and iliotibial band (1TB). Fifty of 73 patients returned for 2- to 5-year follow up. On follow-up visit each patient completed a questionnaire pertaining to subjective results, including level of pain and return to activities. Physical examination included the Lachman test, anterior drawer, pivot shift, and antenor subluxation tests (using the Stryker KT 1000), each graded 0 to 3. All patients have shown a statistically significant improvement between preoperative and postoperative knee scores (P < .0001). According to the knee scoring scale, 34 patients (68%) were clinically rated as excellent, 12 (24%) as good, 4 (8%) as fair, with no poor results. All patients have returned to pre-injury jobs (or school), while most resumed some level of sporting activities. No patients complained of patella femoral symptoms postoperatively. Complications included pain over the staple which was used for fixing the ITB to the tibia, requiring removal in 5 patients. These preliminary results are encouraging, with 92% of the patients rating good to excellent. This modified procedure offers advantages over other procedures, as it is entirely arthroscopic with minimal incisions, does not damage the extensor mechanism, and permits an enhanced rehabilitation program.
Reciprocating Gait Orthosis Powered With Electrical Muscle Stimulation (RGO II). Part II: Medical Evaluation of 70 Paraplegic Patients
Authors: Solomonow M , Reisin E , Aguilar E , Baratta R V , Best R , D'Ambrosia R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Medical evaluation was performed on a group of paraplegics who were trained to walk with the Reciprocating Gait Orthosis powered with electrical muscle stimulation (RGO II). The evaluation included changes in spasticity, cholesterol level, bone metabolism, cardiac output and stroke volume, vital capacity, knee extensors torque, and heart rate at the end of a 30-meter walk. After an average of 14 weeks of training during which patients walked for 3 hours per week, significant reductions in spasticity, total cholesterol and low-density lipids, hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio, and increased knee extensor torque were evident. The data also showed that improvements occurred in the calcium/creatinine ratio, serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels, cardiac output and stroke volume, and vital capacity, yet these improvements were not statistically significant. The final heart rate at the end of a 30-meter walk showed that the RGO II required only a moderate level of exertion, which was found to be the lowest among the other mechanical or muscle stimulation orthoses available to paraplegics. It was concluded that the limited but reasonable level of functional regain provided by the RGO II is associated with a general improvement in the paraplegic's physiological condition if used for a minimum of 3 to 4 hours per week.
Recognizable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Intramuscular Myxoma
Authors: Schwartz Herbert S , Walker Robert
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Extremity intramuscular myxoma is an uncommon, deep, benign soft-tissue neoplasm. It is characterized clinically by slow growth and minimal symptoms. Resection achieving wide surgical margins is curative. This article presents the imaging characteristics of five extremity Intramuscular myxomas. Images of this benign neoplasm, especially magnetic resonance imaging, are characteristic enough for preoperative recognition. This knowledge can facilitate treatment by avoiding biopsy, permitting primary myectomy, and assisting the pathologist in diagnosing a neoplasm that frequently has overlapping histologic characteristics with other soft-tissue tumors.
Human Articular Cartilage Storage in Cell Culture Medium: Guidelines for Storage of Fresh Osteochondral Allografts
Authors: Sammarco V James , Gorab Robert , Miller Robert , Brooks Peter J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The viability of transplanted articular cartilage is one of the determinants of outcome following the transplantation of osteochondral allografts. Disappointing results from cryopreservation have led to the practice of fresh transplantation of articular segments, especially for posttraumatic defects. To date, no studies have demonstrated in vitro viability rates for refrigerated human cartilage awaiting transplantation. This study evaluates the effects of storage on the viability of human chondrocytes using cell culture medium.

Human articular cartilage obtained from notchplasties was stored for up to 48 hours in cell culture medium. Radioactive 35S-sulfate uptake was determined at 0, 24, and 48 hours, as a measure of protein, synthesis, and chondrocyte viability. Specimens were stored at 4°C in culture medium. Results showed an average decrease in 35S-sutfate uptake of 0.8% at 24 hours and 6.4% at 48 hours, indicating a high level of chondrocyte viability after refrigeration. Because transplantation typically is performed within 24 hours of tissue harvest, it appears that nearly 100% of chondrocytes should survive fresh transplantation.
A New In Vivo Method for the Direct Measurement of Nutrient Artery Blood Flow
Authors: Dunlap James N , Brinker Mark R , Cook Stephen D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A new method of directly measuring nutrient artery blood flow using ultrasonic probes is described. These probes have provided reproducible results in our experiments. Advantages of ultrasonic probes include the direct measurement of blood flow through small arteries, ease of use, accuracy of measurement, applicability to a wide range of vessel diameters, the capability of chronically monitoring blood flow over time using permanently implanted probes, and the ability to use the method in conjunction with previous methods of bone blood flow measurement. The method is limited to the extent that only the contribution of the nutrient artery can be measured and total bone blood flow cannot be assessed. Tibial nutrient arterial flow and cardiac output were measured in adult mongrel dogs. Two experiments were performed: 1 ) bilateral baseline tibial nutrient artery blood flow measurements over time and 2) tibial nutrient blood flow comparing inhaled anesthesia (halothane/nitrous oxide/oxygen) and intravenous anesthesia (pentobarbital [Nembutal]).

In 15 mongrel dogs, tibial nutrient artery blood flow averaged 1 .46 ± 0.72 mL/min (0.09 ± 0.05 percent of cardiac output and 2.75 ± 1.95 mL/min/100 g of bone). No significant difference in tibial nutrient artery blood flow was observed between animals given intravenous and inhaled anesthesia (P>.05). As a basic research tool, transit-time ultrasonic blood flow technology may be useful. The method is relatively easy to use and may be applied to experimental models designed to investigate various physiologic and pathologic states frequently encountered in orthopedics (eg, shock, sepsis, fractures).
Thiazide-Induced Hyponatremia in the Postoperative Total Joint Replacement Patient
Authors: Malin Joel W , Kolstad Kaare , Hozack William J , Rothman Richard H
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The thiazide diuretic is a common medication in the elderly population for the treatment of hypertension. These same patients are the largest population for surgical intervention for joint arthroplasty. Postoperative management of these patients has shown to be complicated by hyponatremia associated with the use of thiazide diuretics. This study evaluates a consecutive series of 408 patients undergoing elective joint arthroplasty. An association was found with the use of thiazide diuretics in the preoperative period and the development of postoperative hyponatremia. The study is presented, along with a relevant review of the literature and suggestions for the orthopedic staff to limit the risk of hyponatremia and prolonged hospitalization in an otherwise stable postoperative course.
Factors Influencing the Limitations of Polyethylene
Authors: Cuckler John M
Published: April 2021

Material Limitations, Consequences, & Clinical Picture
Managing Length: The 'Too Long' Leg
Authors: Cameron Hugh U
Published: April 2021

Hip Arthroplasty: Management Problems
Hip Dislocation: Causes and Cures
Authors: Rorabeck Cecil H
Published: April 2021

Hip Arthroplasty: Management Problems
Reconstruction of Major Segmental Loss of the Proximal Femur in Revision Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Chandler Hugh P
Published: April 2021

Management of the Bone Deficient Hip
Articulating Metal Interfaces
Authors: Weber Bernhard C
Published: April 2021

Evolving Technologies: New Answers or New Problems?
TKA Salvage: When Reimplantation Won't Work
Authors: Rosenberg Aaron G
Published: April 2021

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Effect of a Modified Rectus Tuck on Anterior Segment Circulation in Monkeys
Authors: Wright Kenneth W , Lanier Andrea B
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Removal of a rectus muscle results in permanent interruption of blood flow in the corresponding anterior ciliary artery, predisposing to anterior segment ischemia (ASI). A subhuman primate model of ASI was developed in order to study a novel muscle tuck procedure designed to preserve anterior ciliary artery circulation. Fluorescein angiograms were obtained before and after surgery to determine the effect of the muscle surgery on iris circulation. A total of 12 eyes from 12 cynomolgus monkeys underwent strabismus surgery consisting of tenectomy of all 4 rectus muscles in 3 eyes, tenectomy of 3 rectus muscles in 3 eyes, and tenectomy of 3 rectus muscles and muscle to sclera tuck of the remaining recti in 6 eyes. Postoperative angiograms documented preservation of perfusion in the distribution of the tucked muscle in all cases except one, in which there was iatrogenic trauma and disruption of anterior ciliary arteries. The modified tuck procedure thus appears to preserve anterior ciliary artery blood flow, and may be useful as a muscle strengthening procedure in patients predisposed to developing ASI.
Pursuit Eye Movements in Late-Onset Esotropia
Authors: Sokol Samuel , Peli Eli , Moskowitz Anne , Reese David
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Horizontal, smooth pursuit eye movements were recorded from adults and children with infantile and lateonset esotropia using a remote, video-based, eyemovement recording system. Each subject monocularly tracked a 0.5-degree target moving back and forth on a video monitor at a constant velocity of 10°, over a range of 12°. Each subject's nasal and temporal gain (eye velocity/target velocity) was measured. Confirming the results of previous studies, we found that infantile esotropes had asymmetrical pursuit eye movements (nasal gain greater than temporal gain) while late-onset esotropes had symmetrical gains. However, unlike previous investigators, we found that half of the lateonset esotropes had impaired pursuit gain. The magnitude of the pursuit abnormality and the amount of refractive error were correlated - patients with the highest refractive error had the lowest pursuit gain.
Unexpected Good Results After Therapy for Anisometropic Amblyopia Associated With Unilateral Peripapillary Myelinated Nerve Fibers
Authors: Summers C Gail , Romig Lisa , Lavoie Jane D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Unilateral extensive myelination of the peripapillary nerve fibers may be associated with anisometropic myopia, strabismus, and reduced vision. Despite aggressive occlusion of the normal eye, visual results are often disappointing, presumably due to associated structural abnormalities in the macula which limit visual potential. We report two cases, a 21-month-old child and a 23-month-old child with unilateral peripapillary myelination, ipsilateral high myopia, and dense amblyopia. Despite an abnormal macular reflex in each child, vision improved to 20/30 in one child and 20/50 in the other child after occlusion therapy. Visual results in these patients suggest that aggressive amblyopia therapy should be considered in patients with anisometropic amblyopia associated with extensive myelination continuous with the optic nerve. Not all patients with unilateral peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers, an abnormal macula, and myopia will have refractory amblyopia.
The Ocular Changes of Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians (Hypomelanosis of Ito)
Authors: Weaver R Grey , Martin Timothy , Zanolli Michael D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Incontinentia pigmenti achromians is a multisystem hereditary disorder characterized specifically by a whorled or streaked cutaneous hypopigmentation and frequently characterized by numerous neurologic, musculoskeletal, and ocular abnormalities. We present a patient with incontinentia pigmenti achromians in whom the ocular abnormalities included the commonly reported exotropia, myopia, small optic nerve, and hypopigmentation of the fundus, as well as rarely reported corneal asymmetry, pannus, and atropic irides with irregular pupillary margins. The patient also had a cataract in the right eye and a retinal detachment in the left eye.
Testing Stereopsis in the Preschool Child: Is It Clinically Useful?
Authors: Manny Ruth E , Martinez Ana T , Fern Karen D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The evaluation of stereoacuity should provide an unambiguous assessment of binocular function in infants and young children. Unfortunately, clinical measures of stereopsis in these young patients often result in stereothresholds poorer than the criteria suggested to differentiate normal from anomalous binocular vision. Thus, two experiments were conducted to determine whether the large stereothresholds frequently demonstrated on tests designed for young children are diagnostic of normal binocular function in preschool children.

The first experiment investigated the salience of the monocular cues in the Lang and Frisby stereotests in normal preschool children (2 to 5 years old). None of the children who passed either the Frisby or the Lang stereotest under binocular conditions were able to pass either test monocularly, even after passing the test binocularly. In the second experiment, preschool children with abnormal binocular vision were tested with the Lang and Frisby stereotests to determine if large disparities (730 to 800 seconds of arc [arcsec]) could be passed without normal binocular vision. None of the children with strabismus passed either stereotest. However, two children with anisometropia passed the Frisby test and one of these children also passed the Lang test.

These resulte suggest that in the absence of other clinical findings to the contrary, the demonstration of gross stereopsis with either the Frisby (730 arcsec) or Lang (733 or 800 arcsec) test in the preschool child implies normal binocular function. Thus, clinical tests of stereopsis for infants and preschool children, like those used routinely for adults, can provide evidence of binocular function without approaching stereothreshold.
Choroidal Neurofibromatosis With Congenital Iris Ectropion and Buphthalmos: Relationship and Significance
Authors: Burke John P , Leitch R Jane , Talbot John F , Parsons M Andrew
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We report a case of unilateral buphthalmos in neurofibromatosis-1 without the other classical characteristics of the François syndrome (triad of unilateral buphthalmos, homolateral eyelid plexiform neuroma, and homolateral facial hem i hypertrophy) and emphasize the difficulties in early diagnosis. The painful buphthalmic right eye was enucleated at the age of 13 months. Histopathology demonstrated diffuse choroidal neurofibromatosis in association with congenital iris ectropion syndrome. Cutaneous manifestations of neurofibromatosis subsequently developed in the patient and stigmata of the disease were later identified in other asymptomatic family members.
The Feasibility of Introducing a Visual Screening Test for Children During Vaccination Campaigns
Authors: Potério Marisa B , Cardillo José Augusto , De Senne Firmane , Pelegrino Ricardo , José Newton Kara , Norato Denise Y J , Potério Glória MariaB
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose: A visual screening test for children was prepared for the use of paramedics during vaccination campaigns. This test was used in a vaccination campaign in Taquaritinga, Säo Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: The campaign was carried out by two paramedics trained by ophthalmologists. The first 130 children vaccinated whose families showed interest in participating in the visual screening program were chosen. The program consisted of demographic information and eight questions, a visual screening test for children >4 years, and an external eye examination. After studying the data collected, the paramedic decided if the child needed a more thorough ophthalmologic examination.

Results: Of the 4505 children vaccinated, 130 children participated in the screening test. One (76.9%) hundred of the 1 30 children were reexamined by ophthalmologists. Of these, 38 (29.2%) were initially considered to have visual disorders. Ophthalmologic disorders were confirmed in 22 (57.9 %) children; of these, 3 were already under ophthalmologic care. The paramedics correctly screened a total of 77 (77%) children.

Conclusion: Visual screening during vaccination campaigns is simple and rapid, and provides the opportunity to identify children with visual disorders during the critical stage of visual development without the need of ophthalmologists.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; 2000;37:68-72.
Development of Two Stable Oral Suspensions of Levodopa-Carbidopa for Children With Amblyopia
Authors: Nahata Milap C , Morosco Richard S , Leguire Lawrence E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To develop stable liquid dosage forms of levodopa-carbidopa for use In children with amblyopia.

Methods: Levodopa (100 mg) and carbidopa (25 mg) tablets were used to prepare the suspensions at 5 and 1 .25 mg/mL, respectively. For each suspension, five bottles were stored at 250C and five at 40C. Three samples were taken from each bottle at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 91 days (n=15). Levodopa-carbidopa concentrations for each sample were measured in duplicate by validated and stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method.

Results: The mean concentrations of levodopa-carbidopa in Ora Plus/Ora Sweet suspensions were 96% and 92% of the Initial concentrations for 28 days at 25°C, and 94% and 93% for 42 days at 4°C. In the suspension containing ascorbic acid, the mean concentrations of levodopa-carbidopa were above 93% and 92% for 14 days at 25°C, and 93% and 92% for 28 days at 4°C. This liquid formulation was administered to 15 children (mean age: 5.6±1.4 years) with amblyopia. The number and type of adverse effects were similar in the levo-dopa-carbidopa versus placebo group.

Conclusion: Levodopa-carbidopa in extemporaneous suspensions prepared in Ora Plus and Ora Sweet were stable for 28 days when stored at 25°C and for 42 days at 4°C. Our data suggest our liquid formulation may be used safely in children with amblyopia.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:333-337.
Dementia & Depression in Persons with AIDS: Causes and Care
Authors: Swanson Barbara , Cronin-Stubbs Diane , Colletti MaryAnn
Published: April 2021

Nurses who can distinguish AIDS dementia complex from depression can formulate interventions to ensure patients' safety, provide humanistic care, and promote the quality of their patients'lives.