bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petite agriculture familiale et agriculture d’entreprise en Argentine : politiques d’encadrement et rationalités antagonistes
Authors: Gisclard Marie , Guibert Martine
Published: June 2017

Le secteur agricole argentin est animé depuis une quinzaine d’années par des processus souvent présentés comme antagonistes : alors qu’un modèle entrepreneurial, moteur de la croissance productive du pays, se consolide, en même temps, le gouvernement reconnaît l’agriculture familiale et son rôle pour la souveraineté alimentaire. Cet article propose une interprétation des ressorts de la coexistence de ces modèles pluriels de développement agricole et de sa mise en question. Ainsi, en retraçant leurs trajectoires socio-économiques et les mécanismes de légitimation politique, la réflexion explore les techniques d’encadrement qui ont joué comme des points d’inflexion vers la bifurcation puis la reconnaissance politique conjointe de ces modèles.
L’évasion fiscale est-elle un trait de personnalité ?
Authors: Jacquemet Nicolas , Luchini Stéphane , Malézieux Antoine , Shogren Jason F.
Published: June 2017

Malgré un intérêt croissant pour les déterminants non monétaires des comportements fiscaux («  tax morale  »), la littérature récente apporte peu d’éléments empiriques sur le lien entre les caractéristiques de personnalité reliées à la moralité et la propension à l’évasion fiscale. Or de telles mesures sont nécessaires pour comprendre les canaux de transmission des dispositifs de lutte contre l’évasion fiscale. Pour pallier cette lacune, le présent article rend compte d’une expérience en laboratoire permettant d’observer à la fois les comportements de déclaration de revenu des participants et des mesures psychologiques issues de la littérature en psychométrie : soumission à la norme, empathie affective et cognitive, et propension à ressentir la honte et la culpabilité. Ces mesures sont combinées à l’aide d’une analyse en composantes principales afin d’en extraire les facteurs indépendants. Nos résultats montrent que la décision de frauder comme son intensité sont fortement liées à l’empathie affective, l’empathie cognitive et la dimension publique de la moralité (mesurée par la soumission à la norme et la propension à la honte). La propension à ressentir la culpabilité, en revanche, est sans effet significatif. Surtout, le pouvoir explicatif global de ces mesures de moralité individuelles est relativement faible. Ce résultat va à l’encontre de l’hypothèse d’une moralité fiscale intrinsèque, et met l’accent sur l’importance du contexte institutionnel pour comprendre les comportements d’évasion.
Design and Application of Wireless Sensor Network Monitoring Software Based on LABVIEW
Authors: Yu XueWen
Published: June 2017

Wireless multi-point real-time environmental monitoring system based on LabVIEW is composed of three parts: wireless environment information collection node, communication gateway, and host computer monitoring system. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of wireless monitoring technology in industry. Since that it is at the stage of research feasibility, various sensors used for the applications select the level limited to the ordinary teaching using sensor. AGV uses vehicle manipulator developed by Wuhan Depushi Technology Company and some sensors are simulated. The results of simple basic experiments showed that the wireless module can achieve point to multipoint communication. It is concluded that the monitoring interface can simultaneously process the data of a simulated pipeline terminal node with a simulated AGV data and make them work in a closed loop state.
The health needs of the black elderly population in certain areas of rural and urban Kwazulu
Authors: Kumalo M. , Uys L. R.
Published: June 2017

The health needs of Black elderly in rural and urban KwaZulu was investigated through a survey. Interviews with 240 elderly was done, looking at the first and second level of the health facilities plan, as well as social support and health indicators. It was found that urban elderly are generally better off than rural elderly and a profile of need is described.
Die Stand van die Ou-Testamentiese Wetenskap, in sonderheid in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Van Selms A.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die skepping van die mens as die beeld van God in die ou Testament, Filologies beskou
Authors: Oberholzer J. P.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Een Dankbare Herinnering aan wat Prof. Dr S. P. Engelbrecht voor de goede betrekkingen tussen Zuid-Afrika en Nederland gedaan heeft
Authors: Gravemeijer K. H.E.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
"Mabdiel" of "Mekabbeets"?
Authors: Gemser B.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Van Zyl F. G. , Oberholzer J. P.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Sielsorg in die Veranderde Maatskaplike Omstandighede veral met Betrekking tot die Geïndustrialiseerde Gebiede
Authors: Venter P. W.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die Betekenis van die bestaan van die Nederduitsch Hervormde Gemeentes in Oos-Afrika 1910-1960
Authors: Van den Berg C. L.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die Onvergeeflike Sonde
Authors: Van Rensburg S. P.J.J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Mysticism and/in the Old Testament: Methodological orientation and a textual example
Authors: Lombaard Christo
Published: June 2017

This contribution is the second in a series on methodology and Biblical Spirituality. In the first article, ‘Biblical spirituality and interdisciplinarity: The discipline at cross-methodological intersection’, the matter was explored in relationship to the broader academic discipline of Spirituality. In this contribution, the focus is narrowed to the more specific aspect of mysticism within Spirituality Studies. It is not rare for Old Testament texts to be understood in relationship to mystical contexts. One the one hand, when Old Testament texts are interpreted from a mystical perspective, the methods with which such interpretations are studied are familiar. The same holds true, on the other hand, if texts in the Old Testament, dating from the Hellenistic period, are identified as mystic. However, African mission history has taught us that the Western interpretative framework, based on ancient Greek philosophical suppositions (most directly the concepts rendered by Plato and Aristotle) and rhetorical orientations, is so strong that it transposes that which it encounters in other cultures into its terms, thus rendering the initial cultural understandings inaccessible. This is precisely the case too with Old Testament texts dating from pre-Hellenistic times, identified as mystic. What are the methodological parameters required to understand such texts on their own terms? In fact, is such an understanding even possible?
Is there a need for strict control of nature reserves?
Authors: Edwards D.
Published: June 2017

The question has been posed as to whether there is need for strict control of nature reserves. A first reaction might well consider the answer to be an unequivocal 'yes5, but further reflection and the fact that the question has been asked suggests that the answer is a less obvious one requiring a more rigorous analysis.
Participants to the symposium
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

Participants to the symposium
A critical analysis of ‘face’-managing factors in isiZulu idioms
Authors: Masubelele M.R.
Published: June 2017

People have an inherent need to communicate. They communicate out of need as well as for leisure. Human speech abounds with unpleasant and undesirable statements that could embarrass and even humiliate those spoken to or oneself. Brown and Levinson assert that unpleasant and undesirable statements have the potential to threaten the ‘face’ or self-esteem of the other person or persons. They define ‘face’ as the public self-image that every member of society wants to claim for themself. Simply put, ‘facework’ refers to ways people cooperatively attempt to promote both the other’s and their own sense of self-esteem in a conversation. As linguistic speech forms, idioms perform a variety of functions in a language. Not only do they make speech more colourful, but they also perform a communicative function in that they tend to soften the embarrassment and humiliation that often accompanies unpleasant and undesirable statements in speech. IsiZulu idioms will be examined in this article to establish to what extent they could contribute to managing ‘face’ issues. Examples of idioms will be drawn from C.L.S. Nyembezi and O.E.H. Nxumalo’s work Inqolobane Yesizwe. The facework theory as espoused by Brown and Levinson will underpin this discussion on isiZulu idioms.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Rabie Helena , Meyers Tammy , Cotton Mark F
Published: June 2017

Paradoxical deterioration due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurs in up to 21% of children initiating antiretroviral therapy. Mycobacterial diseases are the most common, with BCG-vaccine adenitis predominating in infants and M. tuberculosis (TB) in older children. The difficulty of diagnosing TB in HIV-infected children and the increasing risk of drug-resistant TB complicate the diagnosis and management of both paradoxical IRIS and post-antiretroviral therapy TB. History and clinical assessment remain key strategies in the management of these infants and children. There are no prospective studies investigating diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies in children.
Invited Comment
Authors: Pathai Sophia
Published: June 2017

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Feelings of hopelessness in stable HIV-positive patients on antiretrovirals
Authors: Moosa M Y H , Jeenah F Y
Published: June 2017

Aim. The coping skills and styles individuals utilise to deal with the stress of HIV infection greatly influence the psychological impact of this illness and potential consequent feelings of hopelessness. The aim of this study was to describe levels of hopelessness in a group of stable, non-depressed HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, and factors associated with hopelessness.

Method. Thirty randomly selected non-depressed patients (according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria) were included in this study. Demographic and other data were obtained from all subjects, who also completed the Beck’s Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The 20 true-false items of the BHS (29) measured three major aspects of hopelessness, which was interpreted on the total scale score as follows: ≤3 minimal, and >3 significant.

Results. The study population comprised 30 patients with a mean age of 37.9 years (standard error (SE) 1.18) ( range 28 - 51 years). The mean BHS score was 4.03 (SE 0.55), with a range from 0 to 12. There were no statistically significant correlations between BHS scores of the study population and gender, marital status, employment status, level of education, years since the diagnosis of HIV, or number of children (p>0.05). Eighteen subjects (60%) scored 3 or less on the BHS, considered minimal levels of hopelessness. However, 12 (40%) scored more than 3, which is considered significant; of these 23% had scores of 7 or more. There was no statistically significant association between BHS scores and gender, employment status, level of education, number of children or number of years since diagnosis (p>0.05). However, patients who were married or living with partners were statistically more likely to score higher on the hopelessness scale compared with those who were single (p
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission outcomes in the private sector in central Durban
Authors: Cassim Shakira M , Botha Julia H
Published: June 2017

The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme in the central region of Ethekweni Metro, KwaZulu-Natal (Durban central area), was investigated. Data for all HIV-exposed infants from eight private paediatric practices seen between January 2004 and June 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. One hundred and one black African infants were born to 100 HIV-positive women of average age 30 years. Median viral loads and CD4 counts were 11 391 copies/ml and 426 cells/μl, respectively. Eighty-six women received HAART and 5 had no prophylaxis. Of the 92 infants tested, 2 were HIV positive, giving a transmission rate of 2.2%. Both their mothers had received suboptimal prophylaxis, and if they are excluded, the transmission rate falls to less than 1%, a rate consistent with those in the developed world.
The risks of concurrent treatment with tenofovir and aminoglycosides in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis
Authors: Kenyon Chris , Wearne Nicci , Burton Rosie , Meintjes Graeme
Published: June 2017

Case study
Provider-initiated counselling and testing (PICT): An overview
Authors: Makhunga-Ramfolo Nondumiso , Chidarikire Thato , Farirai Thato , Matji Refiloe
Published: June 2017

South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV in the world. Despite this, many South Africans do not know their HIV status and uptake of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) has been suboptimal. In clinical settings there are many missed opportunities for HIV diagnosis as most patients are not routinely offered HIV counselling and testing (HCT). Provider-initiated counselling and testing (PICT) has been introduced to ensure that HCT becomes the standard of care in all consultations with health providers. PICT promotes universal access to prevention, care and treatment services for all clients by increasing the utilisation and acceptance of HCT services.

This article outlines the rationale for PICT as well providing an overview of the implementation protocol that will equip health care providers with the knowledge required to integrate HCT into routine medical care.
Unusual presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A case report on mammary tuberculosis
Authors: Khan Munira , Naidoo Kogieleum
Published: June 2017

This case study highlights an unusual manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a person living with HIV, namely mammary TB. Clinicians practising in settings where HIV and TB are endemic need to be aware of the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of mammary TB.
Identifying missed opportunities for early intervention among HIV-infected paediatric admissions at Chris Hani Baragwanath hospital, Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Dramowski Angela , Coovadia Ashraf , Meyers Tammy , Goga Ameena
Published: June 2017

Background and design. HIV is a major contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality in South Africa. We describe HIV prevalence, disease profile, outcome and missed opportunities for early intervention in a cohort of HIV-infected children admitted to Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital’s general paediatric wards between 1 October and 31 December 2007.

Results. Of 1 510 admissions, 446 (29.5%) were HIV-infected. Many children (238, 54.1%) were newly diagnosed in hospital and most had advanced HIV disease (405, 92%). The principal admission diagnoses were pneumonia (165, 37.5%), gastro-enteritis (97, 22%), sepsis (86, 19.5%) and tuberculosis (92, 21%). Of children identified as HIV infected before admission, 128/202 (63.4%) were not accessing antiretroviral treatment (ART), although 121/128 (94.5%) met ART eligibility criteria. Of 364 ART-naïve eligible children, only 15 (4.1%) were commenced on ART as inpatients. Problems with PMTCT implementation in infants under 6 months (N=166) included lack of maternal antenatal HIV testing (51, 30.7%); poor uptake of maternal/infant nevirapine prophylaxis (60, 36.2%); limited use of co-trimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis (44/147, 29.9%); and delayed infant HIV polymerase chain reaction testing (98/147, 87.5%). Of infants known to be HIV infected prior to hospitalisation, 37/51 (73%) had not initiated ART. The in-hospital case fatality rate (CFR) among HIV-infected children was triple that of the combined HIV-uninfected, exposed and unknown group (12% v. 3.6%). Infants
Maternal and infant health is protected by antiretroviral drug strategies that preserve breastfeeding by HIV-positive women
Authors: Kuhn Louise
Published: June 2017

The South African Department of Health is justified in withdrawing support for free infant formula. By so doing, it recognises that any intervention that might detract from breast feeding poses a serious threat to infant survival. Since evidence is now strong that antiretroviral drugs used during lactation prevent transmission of infection from a seropositive mother, strategies that promote breastfeeding can now be recommended for enhancing the health of mothers and infants.
Screening for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) in South Africa: A caution against uncritical use of comparative data from other developing countries
Authors: Van Wijk Charles
Published: June 2017

The prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders necessitates community-based screening. In recent years, progress has been made in developing more localised comparative data for use in such screening on the African continent. These studies used measurements that are considered fair, easily accessible, and quick to administer. However, the variance in available international data limits their usefulness and poses a risk to the appropriate streaming of individuals. Here, examples are presented of variance in both cross-national and local demographic screening and neuropsychological test scores, with the aim of cautioning practitioners against undue reliance on general African data for classification of individuals. Recommendations are provided for the development of appropriate norms, specific to local communities.

S Afr J HIV Med 2013;14(1):17-19. DOI:10.7196/SAJHIVMED.855
Message from the Executive
Authors: Conradie Francesca
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Timing of antenatal care and ART initiation in HIV-infected pregnant women before and after introduction of NIMART
Authors: Mnyani Coceka Nandipha , Marinda E , Struthers H , Gulley M , Machepa R , McIntyre J
Published: June 2017

In this review of routinely collected data from five community health centres in the Johannesburg Health District, we assess timing of antenatal care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected pregnant women before and after the introduction of nurse-initiated management of ART in antenatal clinics. There are important lessons to be learnt as we reflect on the South African prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programme.
Association between symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis and HIV RNA levels in plasma and genital secretions among women on HAART
Authors: Apalata Teke , Carr William Henry , Longo-Mbenza Benjamin , Sturm Willem Adrian , Moodley Prashini
Published: June 2017

Background. Genital tract (GT) inflammation plays a major role in HIV transmission. We aimed to determine the association between symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and HIV RNA levels in plasma and GTs of HIV-infected women on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Method. Women with VVC on HAART were recruited from a primary healthcare clinic in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, between June 2011 and December 2011. VVC was diagnosed clinically, supported by Gram staining and culture of genital secretions. HIV RNA load was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. CD4+ counts were obtained from patients’ medical records.Results. Plasma HIV RNA was detected in 42 of 60 (70%) patients on HAART. The mean duration (± standard deviation) on HAART for these patients was 4.2 (±1.6) months v. 10.7 (±1.4) months for the remaining 18 patients (p<0.0001). Of the 42 women with detectable plasma HIV RNA, 12 (28.6%) had detectable genital HIV RNA. Plasma HIV RNA levels ranged from 2.5 (±0.8) to 4.1 (±0.8) log10 copies/ml. Genital HIV RNA levels ranged from 1.4 to 2.5 (±1.1) log10 copies/ml. The adjusted odds ratios of plasma HIV RNA levels increased for patients <35 years (p=0.039) and in those with VVC (p=0.008). Detectability of HIV in genital secretions was significantly increased in patients with a plasma HIV load ≥10 000 copies/ml (p=0.032) and genital absolute counts of neutrophils >10 cells/5 high microscopic fields (p=0.007). Conclusion. Given that the majority of women had recently initiated HAART (allowing a high rate of detectable plasma HIV RNA), there was insufficient evidence to conclude that VVC was predictive of high plasma HIV RNA levels. It is more likely that this cohort of immunosuppressed women were prone to develop VVC. Plasma HIV loads and local genital inflammation were predictors of genital HIV detectability.
CPD Questionnaire
Authors: Nye Ingrid
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
CPD Questionnaire
Authors: Myer Landon
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
CPD QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

A maximum of 3 CEUs will be awarded per correctly completed test.CPD questionnaires must be completed online at www.mpconsulting.co.za. After submission, you can check the answers and print your certificate.This programme is available free of charge to members of the SA HIV Clinicians Society and SAMA only.
Managing the HIV-infected neonate: A rural doctor’s perspective
Authors: Demas D. , Rabie H. , Cotton M. F.
Published: June 2017

No Abstract Available
Horizons
Authors: Conway Shaun
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
AIDS in rural South Africa
Authors: Hardman Margie
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
In defence of the vulnerable
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
At long last....
Authors: Martin Des
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Negotiating the new medicines regulatory framework: Some basic facts and observations
Authors: Berger Jonathan
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Guidelines for the management of HIV-infected children (National Department of Health, South Africa 2005)
Authors: Meyers Tammy , Eley Brian
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
AIDS prevention in South Africa
Authors: Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Gray Glenda , Kagee Ashraf , Myer Landon , Puren Adrian , Ramjee Gita , Rees Helen , Swartz Leslie , Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
The South African National strategic plan: what does it mean for our health system?
Authors: Venter W.D. Francois
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Preoperative characteristucs of patients with improved quality of life one year fter coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Eales C. J. , Noakes T. D. , Stewart A. V.
Published: June 2017

A study was conducted to determine the outcome of Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in terms of patients’ improved quality of life one year after the intervention. Quality of life was assessed in terms of return to work, absence of angina and increased activity. The analysis of the variables identified on admission between two groups (those who had an improved quality of life and those who did not have an improved quality of life) are presented. Patients with improved quality of life were married (p=0.02), men (p=0.01), with an income >R50,000 p/a (p=0.03), reported a normal sex-life prior to hospital admission (p=0.04), were taller (p=0.01), spent more hours at school participating in sporting activities (p=0.04) and had carried on with sport for more years prior to the surgery (p=0.01). There were no significant differences in weight or body mass index between the two groups.
Reliability and concurrent validity of visual analogue scale and modified verbal rating scale of pain assessment in adult patients with knee osteoathritis in Nigeria
Authors: Olaogun M. O.B , Adedoyin R. A. , Anifaloba R. O.
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and concurrent validity of two pain rating scales - Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). The verbal rating scale was modified by translating the English description of subjective pain experience into vernacular (Yoruba) equivalents and rating the knee pain when the patient was  standing with the knee  flexed . Twenty seven patients who were clinically and radiologically diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) and with knee pain were purposively selected for the study. Two testers (physiotherapists) independently rated the pain experienced by patients, when bearing full weight while standing on the affected leg with slight knee flexion, over a period of several days. For each patient pain was rated with the VAS and the modified VRS (MVRS). There were significant correlations between VAS and MVRS by the same tester (tester 1 and tester2) (r=0.92, p<0.01; r = 0.89,            p<0.01respectively,)) and between VAS and MVRS between tester 1 and tester 2 (r=0.91,p<0.01). There were no significant differences between VAS for tester 1 and VAS for tester 2, and between MVRS for tester 1and MVRS for tester 2 (p> 0.01).  According to this study, the two pain rating scales for knee OA are reliable. Our use of VAS and MVRS togetherwith the procedure involving the flexed knee posture is, therefore, recommended for wider clinical trials.
Hypotonia in Kwazulu Natal - prevalence and causes
Authors: Dawson P. M. T. , Puckree T.
Published: June 2017

Benign Congenital Hypotonia (BCH) is a condition whosespecific diagnosis and causes are elusive. Time and intensive diagnostic screening allows for unmasking of a specific diagnosis in some cases. The remaining cases are considered to have a good prognosis with resolution by adolescence. For physiotherapy to facilitate development in the intervening period, knowledge of prevalence and causes of the disorder is para mount. Limited information on prevalence of “BCH” exists in the world and none exists for either KwaZulu Natal or South Africa. This study investigated the prevalence of, and precipitating factors for Hypotonia in KwaZulu Natal. Four hundred children aged 6-7 years, from 16 schools in 8 educational zones participated in the study. The Standardized Motor Test Battery was used to differentiate normal children from those with signs and symptoms of BCH. 101 children tested positive for Hypotonia. Questionnaires to determine potential causes of Hypotonia were administered to these children and an age-matched cohort of 400 normal children.  The main predictors of Hypotonia were assisted vaginal delivery and reduced physical activity. We conclude that Hypotonia is a significant, unrecognized disorder amongst our children. Prevention should be the goal of primary health care to reduce the prevalence.
A pilot to investigate the use of the icf in documenting levels of function and disability in people living with hiv
Authors: Jelsma J. , Brauer N. , Hahn C. , Snoek A. , Sykes I.
Published: June 2017

Objective: The study was a pilot study aimed at investigating the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) checklist developed by the World Health Organisation in determining the function of individuals living with HIV in a township near Cape Town.Methods: Twelve participants attending the HIV clinic were examinedusing the ICF checklist.Findings: Areas of the ICF in which problems were noted included emotional functioning and energy and drive. Four participants complained of increased sensitivity to sound. Several respondents (three) reported difficulties in relationships with community members, with less having problems in family and intimate relationships. Conclusion: The ICFwas found to be time consuming and many codes were not relevant. Some of the concepts were not well understood by the participants. However, despite limitations, the use of the ICF in a resource poor setting formed a useful framework within which to examine the functional problems of HIV infected individuals. In the absence of any equivalent unifying framework within which to classify health and health related states, the use of the ICF merits further investigation.
A report on the perseptions of participants of a physiotherapy clinical facilitator workshop
Authors: Frieg A. , Rhoda A.
Published: June 2017

Clinical education is the cornerstone of the training of health professionals.  Many training institutions offer courses in clinical education.  Fifteen participants of a 20-hour physiotherapy clinical facilitators workshop formed part of this descriptive study.  The aim of the study was to evaluate their perceptions of the workshop and the impact it had on their practice.  Data were captured using three separate questionnaires, consisting of closed- and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.  Results indicated that participants regarded the topics presented as important, that their needs had been met and that they enjoyed the workshop immensely. Furthermore, they reported that the content of the workshop had an impact on their practice.  Many participants requested follow-up workshops on clinical education.  It can be concluded from the above results that a workshop addressing educational aspects is an appropriate method of supporting colleagues involved in physiotherapy clinical training.
Paediatric nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage overview and recommendations for clinical practice
Authors: Morrow B. M. , Futter M. J. , Argent A. C.
Published: June 2017

NB-BAL is an effective procedure for the diagnosis of pulmonary disease processes in ventilated infants and children. This procedure is, however, not without risks to both patients and staff. Numerous complications of NB-BAL exist, with hypoxia being themost common. As a result, care should be taken in performing NB-BAL on haemodynamically unstable patients; patients with coagulation defects; and patients with cardiac or brain abnormalities.This paper presents an overview of paediatric nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NB-BAL) including: the rationale for NB-BAL; the complications associated with the procedure; indications and contraindications. It also recommends an evidence-basedclinical guideline for performing the procedure in the paediatric intensive care unit. By following the NB-BAL guidelines presented in this paper, one can ensure that an effective specimen is obtained from the lower respiratory tract, whilst minimising the risk to the patient.
Injury profile of employees at a specific beverage manufacturing company: a retrospective study
Authors: Chetty L. , Jelsma J. , Maart S.
Published: June 2017

This article reports on important information pertaining tothe prevalence of occupational injuries. At present very little data existson the prevalence of occupational injuries in South Africa.  A retrospective study was undertaken to detail the occupational injuries sustained by employees at a specific beverage manufacturing company.The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms, type, classification, anatomical site, frequency and time of injuries at this beverage company.The sample consisted of all employees that reported to the occupational health clinic with occupational injuries during the six-month review period i.e. July 2004-December 2004. Results of this review were computed in a self-complied injury data spreadsheet. The data was presented descriptively and the level of significance was set at 0.05.  Incorrect lifting of manual materials was reported as the most common mechanism of injury. Repetitive strain injuries were the most common type of injury. The spine/trunk was the site of 48 (66.7% of regions) injuries with the most frequently injured regions being the back (43.1%) and neck (22.2%). Most of the injuries were sustained during the month of December (27.8%). It is recommended that aggressive health promotion and injury prevention strategies be implemented to reduce the burden of occupational injuries at this specific beverage manufacturing company.
Evidence of physiotherapeutic interventions for acute LBP patients
Authors: Louw Q. , Morris L. , Sklaar J.
Published: June 2017

Objective: To identify the current evidence for acute low back pain (LBP) treatment techniques and to amalgamate this information into a clinically applicable algorithm for South African physiotherapists.Study design: Systematic review.Methods: Computerized bibliographical databases were systematically searched during September 2006 and October 2006 for primary and secondary research reporting on the efficacy of various physiotherapeutic treatment techniques for acute LBP. A search for clinical guidelines regarding acute LBP was also undertaken. Evidence levels were allocated to the primary and secondary research retrieved. Results: Twenty-one systematic reviews, four randomized controlled trials and eleven clinical guidelines were included in this review. There is Level 1 evidence that advice to stay active, McKenzie preferential exercises and spinal manipulative therapy (up to six weeks) is beneficial in the initial treatment of acute LBP. There is level 2 evidence that stability exercises, dry needling, heat wrap with exercises, cognitive behavioural therapy, printed patient education, massage (with education and exercises), and lifestyle modification might be potentially beneficial in the treatment of acute LBP. There is level 1 evidence that bed rest should not be recommended for simple acute LBP.  Should a patient not resolve in six weeks, red and yellow flags should be re-assessed, or patient should be referred to a specialist. Outcome: Based on the current evidence, a composite algorithm was developed to assist South African physiotherapists when making treatment decisions for acute LBP. Conclusion: There seems to be a lack of evidence for the efficacy of common treatment techniques used by physiotherapists in the management of acute LBP, indicating an urgent need for physiotherapy-specific, high-quality clinical trials. It is suggested that the evidence-based algorithm that has been developed, be used in the management of acute LBP to standardize physiotherapy intervention in South Africa.
Factors influencing Zimbabwean physiotherapy students in choosing physiotherapy as a career
Authors: Mkondo T. , Mudzi W. , Mbambo N. P.
Published: June 2017

People join professions for different reasons and the same applies to physiotherapists. The aim of the study was to identify the reasons for choosing physiotherapy as a career by Zimbabwean physiotherapy students. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design where a questionnaire was administered to 60 students. Data were collected on the demographics of the students and also on their rating on the importance of 12 factors for their influence in them choosing physiotherapy as a career.Three factors, which were, “the results I obtained at ‘A’Level” (68%), “job availability”(67%) and “desire to help others”(60%), were rated by more than 60% of the students as factors that had been “very important” in their decision to pursue physiotherapy as a career. Two factors, “I always wanted to be a physiotherapist” and “I worked with or received treatment from a physiotherapist”, were the only factors, which were rated by more than 70% of the students as no important in the students’ decision. Using the paired t-test, no significant statistical differences were found between male and female students, in their rating of importance of all twelve factors, (p-value=0.01).
Plasma levels of beta-endorphin and serotonin in response to specific spinal based exercises
Authors: Sokunbi O. , Moore A. , Watt P.
Published: June 2017

Exercises as the primary mode of treatment for low back disorders aim to achieve pain reduction, improvement in functional abilityand quality of life of for low back disorder sufferers. However the bio-chemical events associated with the use of these exercises in terms of theireffects on pain relieving neuropeptides have not been well established. Thisstudy was carried out to investigate the effects of spinal stabilisation, backextension and treadmill walking exercises on plasma levels of serotonin andbeta-endorphin.Twenty volunteers (10 males and 10 females) without low back pain participated in the study. They were randomly allocated either to one of theexercise groups, where participants carried out one of the spinal stabilisation, back extension and treadmill walkingexercises or the control (no exercise) group. The main outcome measures used in this study were plasma levels of serotonin and beta-endorphin measured with Enzyme linked immuno absorbent assay (ELISA) technique.The results of this study showed that spinal stabilisation and treadmill walking exercises produced significantincrease in plasma serotonin levels (P < 0.05) however there were no significant changes in the plasma levels of beta-endorphin in all the exercise groups (P > 0.05).It could be that biochemical effects associated with stabilisation and treadmill walking exercises therefore mayinvolve production of serotonin and its release into the plasma.
Exercise overcomes muscle weakness following on trauma and critical illness
Authors: Van Aswegen H. , Myezwa H.
Published: June 2017

Injuries related to trauma are often seen in South Africanintensive care units. Systemic inflammation and the development of sepsislead  to  prolonged  intensive  care  unit  and  hospital  stay.  The  effects  of critical illness and immobility on the human body are not always well-understood. This review article explains the pathogenesis of muscle weak-ness due to inflammation and identifies the role of exercise prescription incounteracting impairments that may be identified in survivors of traumaduring and after hospital stay.
The effect of a knee brace on gait parameters of hypertonic hemiplegic patients
Authors: Modisane M.R. , Stewart A. , Riley M.
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the useof a knee brace on 15 subjects with hypertonic hemiparesis. The middlecerebral artery was involved in all subjects. The Ashworth scale was usedto screen for the presence of spasticity in the quadriceps muscles.Measurements of gait speed, step and stride length were taken in the middle 10 metres of a 15 metre paper walkway. A comparison of these gait parameters without and with the use of a knee brace was made. A ques-tionnaire was also used to evaluate how subjects responded to the use of aknee brace.The results showed that the mean speed for all 15 subjects increased withthe use of a brace, (p = 0.05). Step and stride length without and with the use of a brace showed no statistical differences.It was therefore concluded that the FECK brace appears to have an effect on the walking speed of subjects withhypertonic  hemiparesis
Knowledge and affective traits of physiotherapy students to provide care for patients living with AIDS.
Authors: Adetoyeje Oyeyemi Y. , Adewale Oyeyemi L. , Saliu Akinwale G. , Olubamike Aderibigbe I. , Olufunke Alba G. , Olayiwola U. Anjorin
Published: June 2017

Purpose: This  study  aimed  to  assess  Nigerian physiotherapy students’ knowledge and their affective traits in caring for patients living with AIDS (PWA).Methods: Nigerian students (N=104) in four training programs were surveyed using a 43-item questionnaire that elicited information on the  students’  demographics  characteristics,  knowledge  levels  on AIDS transmission, universal precaution and pathophysiology, their feeling  of  preparedness,  comfort,  ethical  disposition  for  PWA  and their  willingness  to  evaluate  and  provide  care  to  PWA  in  different clinical scenarios.Results: Overall  the  students  showed  unsatisfactory  know ledge  of universal  precaution  and  AIDS  pathophysiology  and  did  not  feel comfortable or prepared to care for PWA. The students did not also show  satisfactory  ethical  disposition  and  may  be  unwilling  to  care for PWA. The students’ knowledge levels on AIDS transmission and willingness were influenced by religious affiliation while feeling of comfort and ethical disposition were influenced by gender and knowing someone living with AIDS. They were more unwilling to provide whirlpool wound care procedures and chest physiotherapy compared to providing gait training, therapeutic exercise and activities of daily living training for PWA.Conclusion: The study identified the need to improve the curriculum on AIDS and recommends clinical clerkship and a methodical and sequential exposure of students to cases during clinical rotations.
Differences in characteristics between people with lower limb amputations who died before 12 weeks and those who survived: Short Report
Authors: Godlwana L. , Stewart A. , Musenge E.
Published: June 2017

The baseline determinants of survival following a non-traumatic lower limb amputation (LLA) in participants in the Johannesburg metropolitan area are unknown.The aim of the study was to establish the characteristics of participants who had died by three months after LLAA longitudinal pre- test- post test study utilized participant interviews (n=73).  Consecutive  sampling  was  used  to  select  participants  who  met  the  inclusion criteria. Ethical clearance was obtained. Permission was obtained from the hospitals. Participants gave consent before taking part in the study. A demographic questionnaire, the EQ-5D, the Modified Household Economic and Social Status Index (HESSI) and the Barthel Index (BI) were used, to collect data. Participants  were  interviewed  preoperatively  and  then  followed  up  three  months  post-operatively  to  establish survival/ existence. Twenty-four  participants  (33%)  had  died.  The  preoperative  median  Visual  Analogue  Scale  (VAS)  of  the  EQ-5D was 60 and 70 showing no significant difference in quality of life (QOL) between those who survived and those who  died  respectively.  The  preoperative  median  total  BI  score  was  20  and  19  showing  significantly  inferior  function for the deceased (p=0.01). The deceased were significantly older (p=0.009) used alcohol (p=0.02) and smoked tobacco (p=0.03).Being older, having poorer function, being a smoker and drinking alcohol preoperatively seem to decrease the chance of survival following LLA in Johannesburg.
Contribution of Physical Fitness Component to Health Status in Elderly Males and Females over 60 years – Short Report
Authors: Cuesta-Vargas Antonio Ignacio , Galán-Mercant Alejandro
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the physicalfitness (PF) level of a cohort of elderly people that are subjected tophysical activity (PA), and to establish a regression model for theevaluation of health status (HS) of elderly people based on their PF.This is a Cross-sectional study. Consists of 114 Participants over60 years old, that were recruited from a physical activity program.Were measured variables about anthropometric characteristics,jumping tests with jumping platform, dynamic and static balance, riskof falls, lung capacity, HS and quality of life (QoL). We used Pearson’slinear correlation with 95% Zr. We looked for simple and multiple regression models. We used the bayesianinformation criterion approach and statistical inference to find and calculated a numerical estimate of thebest regression model. We used the dependent variable physical function of SF-12. Physical fitness variablesselected for the models were weight, height, Countermovement Jump test (flight time), Functional Reachtest, lumbosacral flexion mobility, Extended Timed Get Up and Go (ETGUG) (10 meters time score andtotal time score). The HS and QoL measurement are important for the prevention of injury during physicalexercise and should be conducted whenever is possible. The regression models proposed in this study can beused as an initial screening of HS or QoL at fitness facilities and fitness clubs that do not provide HS or QoLquestionnaires. However, these models are not an alternative to health care for a detailed determination ofHS and is not intended for use as a final evaluation.
The Roles and Attributes of the Clinical Teacher that Contribute to Favourable Learning Environments: A Case Study from Physiotherapy
Authors: Ernstzen DV , E Bitzer
Published: June 2017

The quality of clinical education is dependenton learning experiences. The clinical teacher plays a key role insuccessful clinical education.The aims of the study were to determine which roles and attributesof physiotherapy clinical teachers contribute to a supportiveclinical learning environment according to physiotherapy studentsand their clinical teachers.The study protocol was approved by the Committee for HumanResearch at Stellenbosch University. A qualitative research designwas used. An interview schedule was developed based on existing literature. Data was analyzed using contentanalysis. Data was coded, categorized and conceptualized into key themes and patterns.All third year (n=40) and fourth year (n=40) undergraduate physiotherapy students and their clinical teachers(n=37) were eligible to participate. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a purposivesample consisting of six third-year students, six fourth-year students and six clinical teachers (n=18). Written informedconsent was obtained from all participants prior to the interviews.The teacher as role model and facilitator of learning was emphasised. The attributes of the clinical teacher thatcreated a supportive learning environment were approachability, recognising student abilities and good communicationskills. The value of active involvement and individualism in learning was highlighted.The study confirmed that the clinical teacher is pivotal in the success of a physiotherapy clinical education program.The findings agree with the large body of international literature about supportive clinical learning environments.
Physiotherapy Students’ Use of Online Technology as part of their Learning Practices: A Case Study
Authors: Rowe M. , Frantz JM , Bozalek V
Published: June 2017

The relevance of non-technical skills have long been acknowledged asimportant components of clinical learning, and there is evidence that integrating technologycan facilitate their development by encouraging reflection, and by enhancing communicationand reasoning. However, effectively integrating technology into learning practices must takethe contextual needs of students into consideration. The aim of this study was to determinewhat online tools undergraduate physiotherapy students at one South African university arefamiliar with, and how they use them as part of their learning practices.The case study was conducted in a university physiotherapy department in the WesternCape during 2010. A cross-sectional, descriptive design used a survey to obtain quantitativeand qualitative data from participants, and a pilot study was conducted to test the reliability of the instrument. All ethicalconsiderations were adhered to.Seventy six percent of participants had access to the internet at home, and 93% of them belonged to a social network, althoughfewer than half used it for their studying. Few students reported using the internet for more than information retrieval but reportedwanting to use it for enhanced communication with lecturers. Almost all respondents believed that lectures were a useful way tolearn. However, 61% added that integrating online learning activities with lectures could have value.Integrating technology into healthcare education has the potential to develop non-technical skills that are relevant for clinicalpractice. However, this group of students currently lack the experience and insight to use technology effectively as part of theirlearning practices. Educators must take cognisance of the educational and contextual needs of students if they wish to integratetechnology into clinical teaching.