bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANEJO DE HERBICIDAS ENTRE TRABALHADORES: DIAGNÓSTICO DE UMA COMUNIDADE RURAL DE VILA BELA DA SANTISSIMA TRINDADE - MT
Authors: COSTA DENILDO DA SILVA , OLIVEIRA LUCIMARA POQUIVIQUI DE
Published: November 2020

Esta pesquisa analisou as relacoes trabalhistas em uma comunidade rural: Sao Sebastiao, municipio de Vila Bela da Santissima Trindade-MT, espaco composto por quase sessenta familias, oriundos de tradicoes culturais etnograficas regionais e inseridos a faixa de fronteira internacional com Bolivia. Realizado em 2019 e 2020, o estudo consistiu em uma revisao bibliografica no ambito das ciencias humanas, sociais e saude publica, e observacao participante com entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados apresentam uma modalidade de trabalho abundantemente utilizada na regiao: o manejo de herbicidas extremamente toxicos no abordo de manutencao economica produtiva de pecuaria, para controle de ervas espontaneo em meio as pastagens cultivadas, oficios que configuram de maneira esporadica informal e sem preocupacao protetiva ou preventiva, potencializando acidentes trabalhistas e por consequentes problemas de saude publica. Desse modo o presente estudo considera todas as conjunturas sociais, os desafios de implementacoes ao trato de educacao e saude, sugerindo trabalhos de consciencia racional para uma melhor qualidade de vida.,
A INFLUÊNCIA DA MÍDIA NA OBESIDADE INFANTIL NA SEGUNDA INFÂNCIA
Authors: DEISS KEILA DA SILVA ARTIGAS , CINTRA PATRICIA
Published: November 2020

Os habitos de vida sao desenvolvidos na infancia e persistem ao longo da vida. Habitos alimentares inadequados podem acarretar problemas de crescimento, comprometer fases de desenvolvimento da crianca e ainda gerar restricoes futuras. Na segunda infancia elas ja fazem suas escolhas, sao expostas aos anuncios de produtos industrializados e guloseimas, estimuladas ao consumo de alimentos pobres em nutrientes, acarretando obesidade infantil entre outras morbidades, contribuindo para o aumento de doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis (DCNTs) precoces. Esse estudo tem por objetivo apresentar uma revisao sobre a influencia da midia no comportamento alimentar na segunda infancia e avaliar as consequencias nos habitos de vida da crianca que podem persistir na vida adulta. Metodo exploratorio de carater qualitativo, sobre a influencia da midia na obesidade durante a segunda infancia. Resultando na discussao na pouca exploracao pelas escolas, nesta fase, no que tange saude e nutricao, uma vez que a utilizacao da midia e constante, nao somente para entretenimento e aprendizado, mas como ferramenta estrategica para abordar as criancas com propostas de consumo, induzindo-as a escolhas incorretas. Contudo, este estudo aponta que os anuncios de comida e bebida ignoram a saude das criancas, desrespeitando resolucoes, explorando personagens infantis em uma linguagem persuasiva e abusiva. Concluiu-se que o posicionamento da familia e dos profissionais de ensino, fortalecendo a educacao nutricional infantil nas escolas e exigindo a reformulacao de politicas publicas, podem reverter esse comportamento, com relacao a alimentacao e sobre quaisquer influencias negativas, conscientizando pais e filho nas escolhas alimentares para formacao de bons habitos de vida. ,
DEPENDÊNCIA DE OPIOIDE NO TRATAMENTO DE DOR CRÔNICA
Authors: SANTOS AMANDA CORDEIRO , MENDES ANA KAROLINE DE ALMEIDA , TARGINO DANIELLE BRENA DANTAS , MENDES ANA KAROLINE DE ALMEIDA , FONSECA LUIZA VITORIA DE SOUSA BARROS , NEUENSCHWANDER CAIO RODRIGUES LIMA
Published: November 2020

A Associacao Internacional para o Estudo da Dor (IASP) define: A dor e uma experiencia sensorial e emocional desagradavel, associada a dano real ou potencial de tecidos ou descrita em termos de tal dano , e de acordo com o Ministerio da Saude (MS), consiste como fator alarmante de saude publica pelo numero acentuado de individuos acometidos. A dor cronica notabiliza-se por uso prolongado de tratamento com efeito analgesico. Dentre os farmacos, destacam-se os opioides, classe medicamentosa na qual a acao analgesica e produzida a nivel de sistema nervoso central, em areas especificas relacionadas a dor. Os opioides foram pesquisados por diferentes autores que explaram sobre o uso adequado e compulsivo dessas medicacoes, citando seus beneficios e maleficios, salientando a prevencao de agravantes, como o surgimento de disturbios associados ao uso da substancia nos casos de dor cronica, caracterizando o Transtorno Mental por Uso de Opioides. Esta revisao bibliografica teve como objetivo a descricao da dependencia de opioide no tratamento da dor cronica. Utilizou-se referenciais teoricos datados a partir de 2015, e ainda ferramentas de pesquisa academica em sitios da internet regulamentados para a area medica e cientifica.,
A ATUAÇAO DO ENFERMEIRO FRENTE AO CERATOCONE
Authors: RIBEIRO CARLOS EDUARDO SOUZA , MENESES THALITA MARTINS FERRAZ , SILVA LUCIA GARCIA DANTAS MARTINS , MENESES THALITA MARTINS FERRAZ , CUNHA FABIOLA VIEIRA
Published: November 2020

A córnea participa de quase três quartos do poder óptico, além de contrapor uma barreira a danos externos, alguns processos patológicos podem modificar a função da córnea de forma progressiva, como o ceratocone. O enfermeiro frente ao ceratocone tem uma atuação efetiva, baseada em intervenções em diferentes fases da doença. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram identificar as principais causas e fatores de risco para o ceratocone; analisar a atuação do enfermeiro frente ao ceratocone; propor o levantamento diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem para o portador do ceratocone. Métodos trata-se de uma revisão de literatura integrativa, feita por método de analise de artigos nacionais e internacionais. A amostra da pesquisa foi estruturado com 11 referencias publicadas entre o período de 2012 a 2020. Os resultados do presente estudo permitiram evidenciar a importância do profissional enfermeiro na prevenção do ceratocone com orientação para não cocar os olhos, já que essa ação causa prejuízos na córnea agravando os sintomas do ceratocone. Constatamos também que o cuidado precisa ser organizado e dinâmico com a utilização da Sistematização de Assistencial de Enfermagem (SAE). Para tal Identificamos os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem para ceratocone como: Risco de lesão na córnea, Risco de ressecamento ocular, Ansiedade, Tristeza crônica, Baixa auto estima situacional, Medo, Conforto prejudicado, Sentimento de impotência, Deambulação prejudicada, esses diagnósticos se aprofundaram também nas consequências psicológicas inerentes a doença. Especifico aos pacientes que passaram por procedimento cirúrgico de reparação da córnea, traduzidos a esse evento foram encontrados: Risco de infecção e Risco de infecção no sitio cirúrgico. Com base nos diagnósticos definidos para o ceratocone em diferentes momentos da doença, foram propostos cuidados e orientações para nortearem a pratica do profissional enfermeiro. Conclusão: O presente trabalho identificou os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem relativos a pacientes com ceratocone e propôs um modelo de diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem segundo a taxonomia NANDA Internacional 2018-2020. A pesquisa se faz importante, uma vez que os diagnósticos levantados permitem desenvolver um plano de cuidado individualizado para responder as necessidades dos pacientes com ceratocone, direcionando a equipe de enfermagem e tornando o atendimento sistematizado e organizado.,
A CUSTOMIZAÇÃO DE PINOS DE FIBRA: EFEITOS SOBRE A INTERFACE ADESIVA COM O SISTEMA DE CIMENTAÇÃO RESINOSO E O CONDICIONAMENTO DO SUBSTRATO DENTINÁRIO
Authors: LIMA REINALDO OLIVEIRA , SOUZA VITOR DE , CAMPOS EDSON ALVES DE , SOUZA VITOR DE
Published: November 2020

Objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da customizacao de pinos de fibra sobre a resistencia de uniao e penetrabilidade dentinaria dos protocolos de cimentacao resinosos Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose-Relyx ARC (AS-RA), Relyx U200 (R2) e Scotchbond Universal-Relyx Ultimate (SB-RU) na dentina radicular dos tercos cervical, medio e apical do espaco preparado para pino. Sessenta raizes de incisivos bovinos foram tratadas endodonticamente. As raizes foram divididas em seis grupos, de acordo com os protocolos de cimentacao e o tipo de pino de fibra (nao customizados, NC ou customizados, C). A customizacao foi realizada com resina composta. Apos seis meses, especimes dos tercos cervical, medio e apical do espaco para pino foram submetidos a avaliacao da resistencia de uniao e da penetrabilidade dentinaria do sistema de cimentacao. Dados analisados por ANOVA e Tukey (? = 0,05). Os protocolos de cimentacao com pinos de fibra customizados demonstraram os maiores valores de resistencia de uniao (p < 0,05), mas similares entre si (p > 0,05), independentemente do terco avaliado. R2-NC e SU-RU-NC demonstraram os menores valores de resistencia de uniao nos tercos medio e apical (p < 0,05). AS-RA e R2-NC demonstraram respectivamente a maior e a menor penetrabilidade dentinaria, em relacao aos demais protocolos (p < 0,05). A customizacao favorece a resistencia de uniao dos cimentos resinosos, independentemente da composicao quimica e penetrabilidade dentinaria, no espaco para pino.,
Asymmetry and pathways of inter-hemispheric transport in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Authors: Yan Xiaolu , Konopka Paul , Hauck Marius , Podglajen Aurélien , Ploeger Felix
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Inter-hemispheric transport may strongly affect the trace gas composition of the atmosphere, especially in relation to anthropogenic emissions which originate mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. This study investigates the transport from the boundary surface layer of the Northern Hemispheric (NH) extratropics (30–90° N), Southern Hemispheric (SH) extratropics (30–90° S), and tropics (30° S–30° N) into the global upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) using simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). In particular, we diagnose inter-hemispheric transport in terms of the air mass fractions (AMF), age spectra, and the mean age of air (AoA) calculated for these three source regions. We find that the AMFs from the NH extratropics to the UTLS are about five times larger than the corresponding contributions from the SH extratropics and almost twenty times smaller than those from the tropics. The amplitude of the AMF seasonal variability originating from the NH extratropics is comparable to that from the tropics. The NH and SH extratropics age spectra show much stronger seasonality compared to the seasonality of the tropical age spectra. The transit time of NH extratropical origin air to the SH extratropics is longer than vice versa. The asymmetry of the inter-hemispheric transport is mainly driven by the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). Both ASM and westerly ducts affect the cross hemispheric transport of the NH extratropical air to the SH, and it is an interplay between the ASM and westerly ducts which triggers such cross-equator transport from boreal summer to fall, mainly westerly ducts over the eastern Atlantic.
Causal effects of dams and land cover changes on flood changes in mainland China
Authors: Yang Wencong , Yang Hanbo , Yang Dawen , Hou Aizhong
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Quantifying the effects of human activities on floods is challenging because the knowledge and observations toward the effects are limited. Many previous methods fail to isolate different effects and reduce the uncertainty caused by small samples. We use panel regressions to derive the sensitivity of annual maximum discharges (Q) to the changing values of three human factors: urban areas, cropland areas, and reservoir indexes for large and middle dams. We also test whether the effects increase or decrease with increasing initial values of human factors. This method is applied in 2739 hydrological stations in China. Results show that a 1 % increase of urban areas causes around a 2.9 % increase of Q. Cropland areas have no significant effect on Q. Reservoir index has a decreasing effect: a 1 unit increase of reservoir index causes a decrease in Q from 23.1 % to 5.4 % for catchments with initial reservoir indexes from 0 to 5. From 1992 to 2017, increasing urban areas cause more than 10 % increases in Q in 10.4 % of the 2739 catchments, most of which are located in the North Plain of China. From 1960 to 2017, increasing reservoir indexes cause a more than 10 % decrease of Q in 53.4 % of 777 catchments with at least one dam. Among 1074 catchments with limited impacts from urban areas and reservoir indexes, 210 (19.6 %) catchments have more than 10 % unexplained decreasing rates in Q per decade during 1960–2017, and 62.4 % of the 210 catchments are located in the middle and down streams of the Yellow River Basin and the upper streams of the Haihe River Basin. This study extends the panel regression method in hydrology and sheds light on the attribution of flood changes on a national scale.
Por qué la sociología y la historia rumana son importantes hoy
Authors: Chirot Daniel
Published: November 2020

Discurso de investidura como Doctor Honoris Causa de Daniel Chirot, 10 de octubre de 2019, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas, Bucarest.
Self Writing and World Mapping in Tim Bowling’s 'Downriver Drift' (2000) and 'The Paperboy’s Winter' (2003)
Authors: Martínez Serrano Leonor María
Published: November 2020

Widely acclaimed as one of the best living Canadian authors, Tim Bowling has cultivated several literary genres with great talent and verbal craftsmanship. He has published twelve poetry collections to date, two works of creative non-fiction, and five novels, including Downriver Drift (2000), The Paperboy’s Winter (2003), The Bone Sharps (2007), The Tinsmith (2012) and The Heavy Bear (2017). This article explores the epistemological power of Bowling’s fiction as a mode of knowing the self and the nonhuman environment. More specifically, bearing in mind fundamental ecocritical tenets, it analyses how his two earliest novels, Downriver Drift and The Paperboy’s Winter, evoke notions of dwelling and a compelling sense of place, as the natural environment in them is much more than mere backdrop to the narratives unfolding in their respective plots. Written in elegantly wrought language rich in poetic resonance, Bowling’s novels remind their readership that fiction is a powerful tool to investigate the human condition and our surrounding world, where the human and the nonhuman coexist on democratic terms.
Developing Academic Thinking in the EFL Writing Classroom: A Rationale for General-academic Writing Assignments
Authors: Zalewski Jan
Published: November 2020

With the evidence for disciplinary variation in academic discourse constantly growing, the idea of teaching core academic thinking in writing seems to have become increasingly problematic. The paper offers a rationale for two general-academic writing assignments, each focusing on teaching one fundamental aspect of what is defined as the intellectual stance underlying academic writing in general. The two aspects are problematizing and subject position. Problematizing and assuming a new subject position in the context of academic writing prove to be troublesome tasks for many entering college students. The assignments are designed to help students cope with these problems.  They are based on a reactive approach rather than on modelling academic discourse, with the teacher helping students to reflect on their rendering of familiar experiences.
Mesmerism in Late Victorian Theatre
Authors: García Walsh Katerina
Published: November 2020

Originating as a medical practice and ultimately rejected as pseudoscience, mesmerism evolved into a literary symbol in the later Victorian era. This paper focuses on three plays that use mesmerism as a symbol of marital control and domination: the comedy His Little Dodge (1896), adapted from Le Systême Ribardier (1892), by George LeFeydeau and Maurice Hennequin; Trilby (1895), adapted from the novel by George Du Maurier; and, finally, Johan Strindberg’s The Father (1893). The mesmeric power one character imposes over another, overriding both consent and awareness in the trance state, serves both to reaffirm hierarchies of power and highlight anxieties about social change in the fin-de-siècle.
El vareo de bellotas: pervivencia de una técnica de recolección prehistórica en el bosque mediterráneo
Authors: García Gómez Enrique , Ruiz Taboada Arturo , Pereira Sieso Juan
Published: November 2020

El vareo es una de las fases de la recolección de bellotas, frutos usados como alimento básico o como complemento de la dieta humana desde época prehistórica. Consiste en sacudir las ramas de la encina, u otras especies del género Quercus, sirviéndose de una vara de madera larga y flexible.

De esta herramienta no existen hasta el momento evidencias en el registro arqueológico debido a los materiales perecederos utilizados en su fabricación. Esta ausencia puede ser suplida con la información derivada tanto del estudio de la iconografía prehistórica e histórica como del registro etnográfico actual. En este artículo se analizan diversos ejemplos que van desde el Neolítico hasta la actualidad, que demuestran la pervivencia de esta milenaria práctica usada por las sociedades rurales de la Europa mediterránea.
Caregivers with diverse actions and orientations: putting the expression of caregivers in France and Japan in perspective
Authors: Damamme Aurélie , Kurumi Sugita
Published: November 2020

This article analyzes caregivers’ narratives in France and Japan from a comparative perspective. After reproducing institutional elements of the perspective of the two situations, the article focuses on showing the heuristic value of a qualitative comparison, presenting the difficulties as well. Caregivers’ language is analyzed through the implementation of a two-axis orientation concept: the mobilization of their resources and the evaluation of care organization. This positioning of caregivers reveals four distinct poles that allow us to draw proximity between caregivers beyond national contexts and the difference in the situations of cared persons.
Intersecting vulnerabilities. Elderly care provided in the domestic environment
Authors: Martín Palomo María Teresa , Zambrano Álvarez Inmaculada , Muñoz Terrón José María
Published: November 2020

This article analyses to what extent the forms of hire in the elderly care sector, as defined by recent Spanish law, enable this work to be professionalised. Using a qualitative piece of research based on semi-structured interviews with a variety of social actors involved in the social organisation of care, we embark on the comparative study of those types of hire that have been particularly affected by the legal changes: private hire by families and the Home Help Service. Our conclusion is that in domestic environments, the physical, emotional and moral aspects that characterise care pose specific barriers to professionalisation and these impact most notably on the special vulnerabilities of migrants employed in domestic care. The high expectations raised by the new legislation about the sector’s professionalisation have failed to be realised.
Liberar el cuidado
Authors: Paperman Patricia , Molinier Pascale
Published: November 2020

Este artículo enfatiza la dimensión relacional del cuidado, analizándolo desde varios ángulos: en términos de responsabilidad moral, de desarrollo psicológico diferenciado para niños y niñas, de trabajo y capitalismo emocional. Liberar el cuidado significa superar las divisiones entre las disciplinas académicas que lo estudian en fragmentos, reflejando la división social del trabajo de cuidado. También se trata de superar las divisiones dentro del feminismo para reconocer la importancia del trabajo de cuidado y de quienes lo hacen.
El desgaste de la salud laboral como estrategia de rentabilidad en Ecuador. Un análisis de la legislación de seguridad y salud bajo el neodesarrollismo
Authors: Pena Dopico Sergio
Published: November 2020

La división internacional del trabajo especializa a determinados países en la exportación de productos primarios de bajo valor agregado y a bajo costo. La sobreexplotación de la fuerza de trabajo, entendida como un desgaste acelerado del trabajador, ha sido un elemento clave para mantener dicha estrategia. Este artículo analiza los mecanismos legales e institucionales que se han desarrollado en Ecuador en la última década para mantener y profundizar dicha práctica. Para ello, se recurre a un análisis crítico de la legislación de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo producida en la última etapa política del país. Con base en ello se describe la construcción de un sistema burocrático-individualizador, que persigue la exención de responsabilidades y obligaciones para las empresas, facilitando la sustitución barata de una mano de obra rápidamente desgastable y descartable.
Geografía vs. Geopolítica
Authors: Bowman Isaiah
Published: November 2020

“Geografía vs. Geopolítica” constituye un hito del pensamiento internacionalista. Fue redactado en el momento álgido de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y es, al mismo tiempo, un alegato atemporal a favor del rigor científico y de los valores democráticos y un ataque frontal, más coyuntural, a la Geopolitik alemana que, por aquel entonces, ya era considerada como una pieza fundamental de la maquinaria política e ideológica del nazismo. A tal efecto, a lo largo de todo el ensayo, Bowman desgrana las malas prácticas científicas que terminarían haciendo caer en desgracia académica a la Geopolítica, sobre todo en el ámbito anglosajón, durante los años posteriores al fin de la contienda. En paralelo subraya las virtudes de una “Geografía científica” que paradójicamente, a finales del siglo XX, terminarían constituyendo algunos de los puntos de referencia intelectual del renacimiento crítico del pensamiento geopolítico.
Depressão em idosos institucionalizados: revisão sistemática
Authors: Fonsêca Wanaline , Franco Camila
Published: November 2020

A institucionalização para idoso é uma opção muito procurada quando os familiares não aceitam a função de cuidadores. Ao ser institucionalizado o idoso é obrigado a adaptar-se as rotinas de horários, a divisão do ambiente com pessoas desconhecidas, distância da família dentre outros, o que pode acarretar em problemas psicológicos, como a depressão. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar se idosos institucionalizados apresentam depressão. Para construção do estudo foi realizado uma pesquisa bibliográfica sistematizada, abrangendo artigos científicos, completos e/ou sínteses, entre os anos de 2009 a 2017. Na maioria dos estudos analisados, foi observado um grande número de depressão em idosos institucionalizados devido a fatores como ausência de suporte familiar, limitação e/ou dependência, insatisfação com a instituição e a solidão. Entre os principais sintomas da depressão evidenciados foram a falta de apetite, fadiga acentuada, baixa autoestima, insegurança, diminuição da capacidade de concentração, isolamento social, dentre outros. Dentre os idosos institucionalizados com depressão, a maioria deste idosos são do gênero feminino, não recebiam visitas familiares, não saíam da instituição, não faziam exames de rotina, e, a maioria exerceu no passado ocupações de menor complexidade. Desta forma faz-se necessário que os profissionais envolvidos no cuidado ao idoso institucionalizado tenham habilidades e conhecimento para reconhecer e intervir apropriadamente nos casos em que o indivíduo está em sofrimento psíquico.
Capacidad reproductiva de Nannochloropsis oculata en diferentes concentraciones de salinidad y fertilizante: Una contribución a la Bioeconomía acuícola
Authors: Osorio-Urtecho Katherinne del Rosario , Palacios-Sánchez Karen Mercedes , Lumbi-Ortega Dalia Mercedes , Hsieh Po Yuan , Zuniga-Gonzalez Carlos Alberto , Aguilar Ariel José
Published: November 2020

El estudio se centró en contribuir a la Bioeconomía Acuícola evaluando el ritmo reproductivo de Nannochloropsis oculata en dos baterías experimentales con concentraciones salinas de 33 ‰, 25 ‰, 20 ‰, 15 ‰, 10 ‰ y 5 ‰. A cada una se le aplicó dosis únicas de 0.32 ‰ y 1 ‰ de F/2 Guillard, respectivamente. Se realizaron dos experimentos en tiempos de 10 y 23 días a temperatura de 25 ºC. El primer experimento con 0.32 ‰ de F/2 Guillard, N. oculata presentó mayor número de cel/ml en salinidades de 33 ‰ y 25 ‰, a los 8 días de estudio, denotando la afinidad de N. oculata de reproducirse con mayor velocidad en ese rango de salinidad. La importancia del uso de F/2 Guillard fue observada usando 1‰ debido a que la microalga presenta similar número de cel/ml (P≤0.05) en concentraciones salinas de 33 ‰, 25 ‰, 20 ‰ y 15 ‰ y similar concentración a las microalgas cultivadas con 0.32 ‰ de F/2 Guillard en salinidades de 33 ‰ y 25 ‰.  La capacidad de N. oculata fue testado en un segundo experimento donde los resultados muestran similar número de cel/ml entre los tratamientos salinos, en ambas baterías, a los 23 días de cultivo. Los resultados muestran que N. oculata puede ser cultivada con bajas concentraciones de F/2 Guillard en rangos de salinidad entre 25 ‰ y 33 ‰, implica reducción de costos.
Management Intellectual Capital and its Role in Achieving Competitive Advantages at Jordnanian Private Universities
Authors: Qassas Khulah , Areıqat Ahmad
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to identify the role of intellectual capital (human capital, structural capital, and relational capital) in achieving competitive advantage (quality of education, flexible and responsive, and innovation) at Al-Ahliyya Amman University, to achieve these goals, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach. The study tool in collecting information and data was a questionnaire distributed to all the university's employees, who numbered (630) individuals. The data, the study questions and hypotheses were analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).The study concluded some results, the most important is: The structural capital and its components (combined) have a statistically significant effect on achieving competitive advantage. The researcher recommend the necessity of dealing with intellectual capital as a major and strategic resource for the university and considering it the real wealth that guarantees universities the ability to adapt to achieve a competitive advantage in them.
The Digital Divide and its Impact on Quality of Education at Jordanian Private Universities Case Study: Al-Ahliyya Amman University
Authors: Sweidan Nader S. , Areiqat Ahmad
Published: November 2020

The study aimed to identify the Impact of digital divide in its dimensions (Technological dimension, Knowledge dimension, and Legislation & laws dimension) on the quality of education (University presidency's commitment to quality, Academic reputation and published scientific research) at Al-Ahliyya Amman University.To achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach, the study tool for collecting information and data was a questionnaire distributed to all employees, whose number is (630).The study questions and hypotheses were analyzed and tested through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. This study has found many results, the most important is:The digital divide in its combined dimensions has a statistically significant impact on the quality of education at Al-Ahliyya Amman University. It concluded with many recommendations, the most important is that a strategic plan be drawn up for universities to develop its infrastructure, improve and develop it continuously in order to enable digital access and bridge the digital divide among researchers and academics.
Complexities of Writing Skill at the Secondary Level in Bangladesh Education System: A Quantitative Case Study Analysis
Authors: Suvin Sujana
Published: November 2020

The goal of this study is to examine difficulties in and outside the classrooms which are the real obstacles to the writability of teaching and learning in the secondary level Bangladesh system. The secondary level tests writing skills by summary, paragraph, letter, application, story, conversation, composition, report, e-mail etc. Students who study at the high school level face serious writing complexities. The major problems in the examination are the vocabulary and grammar complexities. In this study, the reasons for the complexities of writing skills were examined. This study was conducted at Jahangirnagar School & College, Savar, Dhaka to find out the strategies for writing skills. Important questions of research have been developed to identify writing skill complexities. Data were taken from teachers, students and parents based on questionnaire survey. Teachers and students were encouraged to participate actively in the survey. Following collection of data, the practical advice for students and teachers was analyzed. While skills at secondary schools have been evaluated, most teachers are not taking any action to evaluate the abilities of students. Students are also less interested in writing skill in practice. The aim of the study is therefore to show a new image to the writing skill at the secondary level Bangladesh education system.
Psychological Risk Factors of Future Drug Offending among Young Offenders in Hong Kong - A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hung Elise S. W.
Published: November 2020

In recent years there is a growing concern on drug offenders in Hong Kong. Despite its over-representation in prison and recidivists, drug offending has seldom been studied systematically in risk factor research. The issue as to whether drug offending has specific psychological risk factors or they share a common set of risk factors with general offending remains largely unaddressed. This research applied a longitudinal design to investigate this issue. Using a data-set on young offenders’ psychological characteristics established in 2004 in the Hong Kong Correctional Services, and re-conviction data retrieved 11 years later in 2015, ANCOVA with planned orthogonal contrasts and Discriminant Function Analysis, Correlation and Regression analyses were used to analyze factors predicting post-release outcomes including recidivism, drug offending, and crime severity. Results revealed two sets of psychological risk factors with little overlap that could predict general recidivism (of all types of crime) and future drug offending. Recidivism could be predicted by low Future Time Perspective and Empathy, and high Assertiveness. Low Empathy was predictive of post-release crime severity of non-drug offending recidivists. Drug offending, in contrast, could be predicted by high Impulsiveness and Social Problem-solving deficits during adolescence. These two variables, together with low Assertiveness, also predicted post-release crime severity of drug-offending recidivists. Implications to future intervention and research were discussed.
A Modification to the Shannon Formula
Authors: Ladvánszky J.
Published: November 2020

Most recently, an experiment was published that cannot be described by the Shannon formula. We will give the details to the reader to check the deviation between the Shannon formula and the experiment. Then we derive a modification of the formula. Consequences of the modification is extended generality, and clear bounds for the average rate of reliable information transfer on a noisy channel of finite bandwidth.
Pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em uso de medicamentos via judicial
Authors: Ferreira Gustavo Costa , Mendonça Thays Santos , Silva Eduardo Sérgio , Pereira Mariana Linhares , Belo Vinícius Silva , Ferreira Vitor Costa , Baldoni André de Oliveira
Published: November 2020

Introdução: O aumento contínuo do número de processos de judicialização da saúde, a relevância epidemiológica do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), a escassez de recursos utilizados para monitorar os investimentos dos processos judiciais e do seu alto custo para a saúde pública, diante disso torna-se necessário estudos que analisem o perfil da judicialização dos antidiabéticos, que é a principal classe de medicamentos alvo dos processos judiciais. Objetivo: Analisar se os pacientes com DM2 atendidos via judicial, foram acompanhados e monitorados no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) antes e após os processos judiciais. Além de analisar o perfil de medicamentos judicializados para tratamento da DM2. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo, que utilizou dados secundários, prontuários e arquivos de processos judiciais, de 56 pacientes com DM2 que adquiriram pelo menos um de seus medicamentos por meio da judicialização, no ano de 2019, em um município mineiro. Os dados foram analisados 12 meses antes e 12 meses após a judicialização. Resultados: Dentre as 56 ações judiciais, 39% se concentraram em apenas três unidades de saúde do município. Somente 30 pacientes (53%) antes e 29 (51%) após a judicialização tiveram consultas no SUS. Além disso, apenas 15 (26%) e 13 (23%) pacientes, respectivamente antes e após a judicialização, apresentaram algum exame laboratorial realizado pelo SUS. As insulinas Levemir Flex Pen® (13%), Novo Rapid® (11%) e Lantus® (7%) foram os medicamentos mais judicializados. Conclusão: Observou-se que apesar do SUS prover o insumo terapêutico de elevado custo por meio de uma porta de entrada não convencional, não há monitorização clínica e laboratorial para avaliação da efetividade do uso da tecnologia, conforme recomendam os protocolos clínicos e dispositivos legais brasileiros sobre acesso a medicamentos.
Neuroactive Steroids in Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury: Overview and Future Directions
Authors: Toro-Urrego Nicolas , Avila-Rodriguez Marco , Inés Herrera María , Aguilar Andrea , Udovin Lucas , P. Luaces Juan
Published: November 2020

Hypoxic–ischemic brain injury is a number one cause of long-term neurologic disability and death worldwide. This public health burden is mainly characterized by a decrease in oxygen concentration and blood flow to the tissues, which lead to an inefficient supply of nutrients to the brain. This condition induces cell death by energy depletion and increases free radical generation and inflammation. Hypoxic–ischemic brain injury may occur in ischemic-stroke and over perinatal asphyxia, being both leading causes of morbidity in adults and children, respectively. Currently, there are no effective pharmaceutical strategies to prevent the triggering of secondary injury cascades, including oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. Neuroactive steroids like selective estrogen receptor modulators, SERMs, and selective tissue estrogenic activity regulators, STEARs, exert several neuroprotective effects. These encompass mitochondrial survival, a decrease in reactive oxygen species, and maintenance of cell viability, among others. In this context, these neurosteroids constitute promising molecules, which could modify brain response to injury. Here we show an updated overview of the underlying mechanisms of hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. We also highlight the neuroprotective effects of neurosteroids and their future directions.
Comparison of Anticancer Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Camellia sinensis and Lepidium sativum L on HeLa Cell Line
Authors: Jahani Somayeh , Heidari Zahra , Azami Mehdi , Moudi Bita
Published: November 2020

Background: The antioxidative activity of green tea and garden cress extract is of interest in cancer. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Lepidium sativum (cress) and Camellia sinensis (green tea) on the culture medium of the HeLa cell line. Methods: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used to culture HeLa cells, which was exposed to the different concentrations of green tea and cress extracts at 24 hours and 48 hours. Cell viability and apoptotic cells were quantified by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide or MTT assay and propidium iodide, respectively. Results: The highest percentage of growth inhibition (85%) was observed at 100 μg/mL of the green tea extract after 48-hour treatment. The percentage of growth inhibition at 24 h after treatment was 83% for green tea (P > 0.05). The high growth inhibition percentage of HeLa cells at 100 μg/mL of cress extract at 24 hours and 48 hours (49.8%) after treatment was 27.92% and 49.8%, respectively (P > 0.05). Additionally, the cell apoptosis assay indicated that green tea and cress extracts had toxic effects on the HeLa cells. This effect was highest at the concentration of 100 μg/mL and more evident in green tea. Conclusions: It can be concluded that green tea extract compared with cress had a more cytotoxic effect against cervical cancer.
Staples "NOT ENOUGH OF THAT" and "NOT ENOUGH OF THAT": syntactic functions
Authors: Wang Xuejian
Published: November 2020

The subject of the research in this article is a comparative characteristic of the introductory expressions "not enough" and "not enough of this", used as a means of communication, mainly in the text вЂ“ as text staples. The relevance of the research subject is determined by its involvement in the study of the linguistics of the text, in particular the linguistic units that perform binding functions in the text. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of the syntactic functions "not enough" and "not enough of this". In the course of the study, an introspective-inductive, descriptive and comparative method was used, which allowed us to deduce the features of the use of "not enough" and "not enough of this". В В  The research is conditioned by the need to continue studying the text, ways to achieve its coherence, integrity and means of expression in context. The main conclusions of the study are that both clips are used in the following cases: firstly, as a text clip at the beginning of a statement; secondly, in the function of a phrase clip; thirdly, as a means of communication within a sentence - complex and simple. The most typical for both staples is the text clip function. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time a description of the introductory units "not enough" and "not enough of this" was created in the syntactic aspect.
DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF DISPLACEMENT VECTORS AT THE INCOHERENT TWIN BOUNDARIES
Authors: CHANG XIN  , ZHANG XIU-MU  , YANG QI-BIN  , GUO KE-XIN  ,   中国科学院金属研究所
Published: November 2020

Computer simulation calculation shows that if there were no rigid translation of adjacent grains, the shortest distance between lattice points at all the incoherent twin boundaries would be 0.408a, where a is the lattice parameter, except for coherent ones. This distance is smaller than atomic diameter 0.707a, therefore atomic overlap occurs. The interface energy can be greatly reduced by a rigid, translation of these two crystals. The displacement vectors of four interfaces (111), (122), (121) and (765) were determined experimentally, they are 0.254a, 0.300a, 0.204a and 0.126a respectively.
THE EFFECT OF Nb ON SUPERCONDUCTING Tc OF C-15 V2 (HfZr)
Authors: XU YUN-HUI  , ZHOU LI  , YIN DAO-LE  ,   (1)北京大学物理系; (2)有色金属研究总院
Published: November 2020

The superconducting transition temperatures Tc of systems V2Hf1-xNbx,V2Zr1-xNbx and V2Hf0.5Zr0.5-xNbx were studied. We found that Nb content influences SC Tc of V2Hf0.5Zr0.5-xNbx in a different way from that of V2Hf1-xNbx and V2Zr1-xNbx. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of V2Zr, V2Hf and V2Hf0.5Zr0.5 showed that the coexistence of Zr and Hf atoms in A sites of AB2 compounds results in a new type of electron density transfer enhancing the interaction of atoms. This fact supports the following explanation to Tc behavior: 4d-5d coordination of V2(HfZr) may favor the hybridization of 4d conduction band thus causing higher Tc.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF BiV04
Authors: LIU JIAN-CHENG  , CHEN JIA-PING  , LI DE-YU  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所
Published: November 2020

A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has been performed on fergusonite BiVO4 synthesized by pulling method. At room temperature the crystal belongs to monoclinic system, with space group B2/b, z = 4, and cell parameters a = 7.247?, b=5.096?, c = 11.702? and r =134.18o. The structure has been analysed by two and three-dimensional Patterson procedure, and calculated through three-dimensional electron density. A full-matrix, least square refinement gave R=0.067, Rw =0.058 for 335 independent reflections. An absorption and secondary extinction correction gave final R = 0.058. The Bi and V atoms occupy a respective set of 4e special positions and the O atoms two sets of general positions. The oxygen atoms take part in four-fold coordinations around vanadium in the sense that they form regular VO4 tetrahedra. The structure also shows eight-fold oxygen coordinations around bismuth and form distorted Bi-O dodecahedron. The space groups for temperatures above and below Tc are found to be I41/a and 12/b (or B2/b) respectivelv. The phase transition from tetragonal to monoclinic does skip over a possible intermediate orthorhombic modification. The phase transition is apparently driven by a lone-pair distortion of the Bi-O polyhedron. Bi3+ and V5+ displace alternatively up and down along the c axis, resulting in a layer-like Character for monoclinic BiVO4 The character has been proved by optical observations. The BiVO4 crystal cleaves easily to give smooth (cleavage) faces parallel to plane perpendicular to the c axis.Three kinds of samples, i.e crystals with cell-like structure and disc shape, crystal ribbon with natural cleavage and powder crystal grain, were used for optical observation, and the relationship between the transmittance of BiVO4 and optical wave-length was studied.
THE I-V CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROLLING-QUENCHED SUPERCONDUCTING Al-Si-Ge ALLOYS
Authors: ZHAO GUANG-LIN  , ZHENG JIA-QI  , WANG ZU-LUN  , CHEN SY-SEN  , GUAN WEI-YAN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we report the I-V characteristics of rolling-quenched Al-Si-Ge strips. The results show the occurrence of voltage steps and hysteresis behavior in the superconducting transition region.
OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE CRYSTAL LITHIUM TRINIOBATE LiNb3O8
Authors: HU BO-QING  , ZHOU TANG  , TIAN WAN-CHUN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The transmit tance curve of the LiNb3O8 crystal is determined. It is clear that the existence of oxygen vacancy is the basic reason of blackening of the crystal and the black colour can be bleached by annealing. It is shown that the cause of the hydrogen bond formation is a chemical reaction of the atmospheric water vapor with the melt. Vacumm annealing is a method to eliminate the hydrogen bond. Crystal growth in pure oxygen atmosphere is suggested. Three principle indices of the LiNb3O8 crystal and the directions of corresponding principle axes with respect to crystallographic axes are determined. And the refractive index of the LiNb3O8 crystal is compared with that of the LiNbO3 crystal. The relationship of the principle indices with the crystal structure is discussed.
HORIZONS AND GENERATING FUNCTIONALS FOR THE TEMPERATURE GREEN'S FUNCTIONS
Authors: ZHOU MIN-YAO  , CHEN LIAN-PAN  , GUO HAN-YING  ,   (1)上海师范学院物理系; (2)中国科学院理论物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The generating functional approach to Green's functions in the thermal equilibrium is applied to explore the geometrical origin of the temperatures of the quantum fields in the Rindler spacetime and black hole spacetimes. It is shown that under the transformation from Minkowski space to the Rindler space the path integral representation for the Euclidean generating functionals of Green's functions at zero temperature would transform into the corresponding ones of the quantum fields at a certain finite temperature, and the Minkowski vacuum state would have the same properties as that of the quantum mixed state at that temperature. All thermal Green's functions for the mixed state are given. Similar results would be obtained for the Schwarzschild, the Reissner-Nordstrom and the Kerr black holes and whereupon the Hawking temperature for the black holes would have geometrical origin as well as that in the Eindler spacetime. The various density operators of the mixed states at the Hawking temperature for the black hole spacetimes are specified.
SUBHARMONIC STROBOSCOPIC SAMPLING METHOD FOR STUDY OF PERIOD-DOUBLING BIFURCATION AND CHAOTIC PHENOMENA IN FORCED NONLINEAR OSCILLATORS
Authors: HAO BAI-LIN  , ZHANG SHU-YU  ,   (1)中国科学院理论物理研究所; (2)中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

By using subharmonic stroboscopic sampling method, very high resolution, comparable with that for discret mappings, has been reached in numerical study of periodically forced nonlinear oscillators. For the first time period-doubling bifurcation sequences up to 8192th subharmonics and corresponding sequences of chaotic bands are identified for a system, described by ordinary differential equations. Secondary and tertiary bifurcation sequences embedded in chaotic bands are shown to exist. Merits and limitations of this method as well as some precaution in using it are discussed briefly.
DETERMINATION OF THE GENERATION LIFETIME AND SURFACE GENERATION VELOCITY BY VOLTAGE STEP METHOD
Authors: ZHANG XIU-MIAO  , BAO ZONG-MING  , SU JIU-LING  ,   (1)复旦大学物理系; (2)杭州大学物理系
Published: November 2020

A simple method for determining both the generation lifetime and surface generation velocity is suggested. By this method, using the data of three points from the MOS capacitance transient response to a step voltage, both the generation lifetime and surface generation velocity can be calculated readily. The experimental results show that this method is reasonable, and indicate that neglecting surface generation velocity would result in reducing of apparent generation lifetime.
THE PONDERMOTIVE FORCE AND MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION EFFECTS RESULTING FROM THE NON-LINEAR INTERACTION BETWEEN PLASMA-WAVE AND PARTICLES
Authors: HE XIAN-SHI  ,   中国科学院原子能研究所
Published: November 2020

Starting from the Vlasov-Maxwell equations by using the method of Self-Consistent field theory, we set up first the coupling relation between distribution function and density of low-frequency oscillating particles and high-frequency EF, low-frequency MF in fourier representation. Then, in the time-space representation, a set of equations for the nonlinear interaction including the effects of magnetic field generation, pondermotive force and Landau damping were derived through the expansion of the low-frequency linear dielectric function under various approximations. Finally, we also gave the Lagrangian density and conserved quantities and discussed briefly whether the magnetic field can promote the formation of soliton in three dimensions.
THE VIBRATION-QUENCHING OF THE EXCITON AND THE HUANG-RHYS FACTOR IN THE QUASI ONE-DIMENSIONAL ANTIFERROMAGNET CMC
Authors: JIA WEI-YI  , W. M. YAN  ,   (1)Department of Physics,Unirersity of Wisconsin-Madison,USA; (2)中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The exciton transition 4T1→6A1 of Mn2+ ions in quasi one-dimensional antiferro-magnet CsMnCl3·2H2O is very weak in intensity with a shorter lifetime due to the vibration-queching. Replacing H2O by D2O), three important effects have been observed: the exciton line is shifted to the red by 18cm-1, the intensity of the exciton is increased by almost one order, the lifetime is lengthened from 0.58 ms to 9.2 ms. These facts show that the vibration-quenching has been weakened. The experimental results are analysed by means of the theory of multi-phonon radiative and non-radiative transitions. It has been shown that the isotope substitution changes the spectrum of lattice vibration, and brings forth a great influence on the non-radiative transition. The electronphonon coupling intensity does not show any obvious change, and the Huang-Rhys factor remains constant. The phonon modes involved in the multi-phonon radiative transition are different from those involved in the multi-phonon nonradiative process, their average energies are quite different from each other.