bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical, morphometric, and stratigraphic analyses of theropod biodiversity in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation1
Authors: Cullen Thomas M. , Zanno Lindsay , Larson Derek W. , Todd Erinn , Currie Philip J. , Evans David C.
Published: July 2021

The Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) of Alberta, Canada, has produced one of the most diverse dinosaur faunas, with the record favouring large-bodied taxa, in terms of number and completeness of skeletons. Although small theropods are well documented in the assemblage, taxonomic assessments are frequently based on isolated, fragmentary skeletal elements. Here we reassess DPF theropod biodiversity using morphological comparisons, high-resolution biostratigraphy, and morphometric analyses, with a focus on specimens/taxa originally described from isolated material. In addition to clarifying taxic diversity, we test whether DPF theropods preserve faunal zonation/turnover patterns similar to those previously documented for megaherbivores. Frontal bones referred to a therizinosaur (cf. Erlikosaurus), representing among the only skeletal record of the group from the Campanian–Maastrichtian (83–66 Ma) fossil record of North America, plot most closely to troodontids in morphospace, distinct from non-DPF therizinosaurs, a placement supported by a suite of troodontid anatomical frontal characters. Postcranial material referred to cf. Erlikosaurus in North America is also reviewed and found most similar in morphology to caenagnathids, rather than therizinosaurs. Among troodontids, we document considerable morphospace and biostratigraphic overlap between Stenonychosaurus and the recently described Latenivenatrix, as well as a variable distribution of putatively autapomorphic characters, calling the validity of the latter taxon into question. Biostratigraphically, there are no broad-scale patterns of faunal zonation similar to those previously documented in ornithischians from the DPF, with many theropods ranging throughout much of the formation and overlapping extensively, possibly reflecting a lack of sensitivity to environmental changes, or other cryptic ecological or evolutionary factors.
An acoustic absorbing metamaterial with multi-Helmholtz resonators at low-frequency underwater
Authors: Luo Y. Q. , Lou J. J. , Zhang Y. B.
Published: July 2021

An ultra-thin waterborne acoustic metamaterial (AM), which is made of steel and composed of multi-Helmholtz resonators (MHRs), is proposed to achieve perfect sound absorption at low frequencies, which are generated around the resonance mode. The average surface acoustic impedance of the metamaterial is almost perfectly matched with water impedance under the action of resonance among the HRs, thus the perfect sound absorption is achieved. The case of two resonators is taken as an example to verify the design idea. By adjusting HRs’ sizes in simulation, the sound absorption coefficient reaches 99.6% at low frequency of 2740 Hz with ultra-thin thickness less than [Formula: see text]. The abnormal physical properties of AMs are often accompanied by abnormal effective material parameters, which turn to be negative near the perfect sound absorption through inversion calculation. The HRs proposed are simple to fabricate, mechanically stable, and convenient to couple with other resonators to achieve low-frequency broadband sound absorption.
Trust Enforced Cloud Service Composition Based on Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization – STORM
Authors: Meena V. , Sasikaladevi N. , Praba T. Suriya , Sriram V. S. Shankar
Published: July 2021

In the arena of Cloud Computing, the emergence of social networks and IoT increased the number of available services on the cloud platform, making service composition and optimal selection (SCOS) in Cloud Manufacturing (CMfg), NP-hard. The existing approaches for addressing SCOS often fail to offer assistance with maximized trust and satisfied QoS preferences. Hence, this research paper presents a novel TeachIng leaRning-based Optimization aLgorithm (TIROL) for achieving the optimal solution for truST enforced clOud seRvice coMposition (STORM) to assist CMfg for improving the trust value with satisfied QoS preference(s). The performance of the proposed framework has been validated using the synthetic dataset generated from different test-cases.

Experimental results show that the proposed framework is reliable and outperforms the SOTA approaches in terms of trust value maximization.
Dynamic Analysis of Flexible Wind Turbine Tower by a Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Gu Chaojie , Chen Dongyang , Liu Feifei , Fang Kang , Guo Dian , Marzocca Pier
Published: July 2021

To generate more power, wind turbine rotors are growing in size and consequently, wind turbine tower are becoming increasingly taller and more flexible. As a result, fluid–structure interaction (FSI) of the flexible tower caused by strong wind is a very important phenomenon, and tower vibration must be carefully considered. In this paper, the physical model of the wind turbine tower is simplified appropriately, and then a multi-body dynamics model of wind turbine tower system is established based on Transfer Matrix Method of Multibody System (MSTMM). Compared with the data from finite element model (FEM) and field tests, the simulation results show that the model has a good accuracy. By coupling the mode shapes with two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) wake oscillator model, the dynamic responses of the flexible tower are computed. The influence of various foundation stiffness and top mass on tower vibration is studied systematically using this model. The results indicate that different boundary conditions can affect the maximum amplitude and displacement along the axis of the tower. This work provides a reference for dynamic modeling and simulation of high-rise flexible structure, and the prediction of the maximum amplitude of the tower vibration, which can be used for aeroelastic control purpose.
A continuous rosenblatt quantum perceptron
Authors: Maronese Marco , Prati Enrico
Published: July 2021

Quantum neural networks are expected to provide the theoretical framework to implement machine learning on quantum computers. We develop a continuous Rosenblatt quantum perceptron which represents the generalization of the McCulloch–Pitts quantum perceptron existing in the literature. We implement its quantum circuit on a IBM quantum computer.
Fast generation of implied volatility surface: Optimize the traditional numerical analysis and machine learning
Authors: Yen Jerome , Chen Bangren , Wu KangZhang , Yen Joseph
Published: July 2021

Machine learning has been used in financial markets in supporting many tasks, such as, asset movement forecasting and trading signal generation. Monte Carlo simulation and traditional numerical methods like Newton–Raphson have also been widely applied in financial markets, such as calculation for implied volatility (IV) and pricing of financial products. Is it possible to combine such approaches to more efficiently calculate the IVs to support the generation of IV surface, term structure, and smile? In this paper, we propose a framework that combines the traditional approaches and modern machine learning to support such calculation. In addition, we also propose an adaptive Newton–Raphson to reduce the number of iterations and the possibility of falling into local minimal over the traditional Newton–Raphson. Combining the superiorities of modern machine learning and adaptive Newton–Raphson, an improvement on computation efficiency over pure traditional numerical approaches was achieved. In addition, we also take into consideration of migrating such computation to hardware accelerators such as Graphics cards (GPU) and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), to further speed up the computation. Therefore, polynomial regression has also been tested to generate the initial guess of IVs to pave the road of such migration.
FESRCT
Authors: Fang Hui , Chen Chongcheng , Wu Xiaozu , Ye Xiaoyan
Published: July 2021

We present a framework for the event semantic retrieval of cultural tourism. Nowadays, information and communication technologies are ubiquitous and pervasive and have greatly promoted the development of cultural tourism. Cultural tourism should utilize these technologies to improve a sense of participation and experience for cultural tourists by sorting out domain-specific cultural knowledge from tourism attractions systematically, building bridges between tourism resources and cultural connotation naturally and presenting the cultural changes behind tourism resources vividly. To the end, we present a complete framework that is suitable to event retrieval of cultural tourism, helping cultural tourists learn culture in all directions and in depth quickly and easily before their cultural tours, and local government create tourism cards through the dissemination of culture connotation as well. Our main inspiration is that story-telling would be an effective form of acceptance by cultural tourists to spread the culture behind tourism resources. Concretely, our framework includes data acquisition and preprocessing, data organization and processing, and data visualization components. The data acquisition and preprocessing component is responsible for collecting historical event texts and fusing text knowledge. The data organization and processing component enables an intuitive view on properties and relations of the event elements in terms of defined event ontology for cultural tourism and supports event semantic retrieval. The data visualization component provides a knowledge navigation through dynamic display and an interactive interface with modification function. We have conducted event semantic retrieval of Minnan culture and verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the framework.
Improving Children's Cultural Heritage Experience Using Game-based Learning at a Living Museum
Authors: Othman Mohd Kamal , Aman Shaziti , Anuar Nurfarahani Norman , Ahmad Ikram
Published: July 2021

This empirical study was conducted to design, develop, and evaluate children's experiences with a game-based mobile guide (GBMG) application at Sarawak Cultural Village (SCV). The Interaction Design lifecycle model was used for the systematic development of the GBMG application. A total of 45 children took part in this study who were divided into two groups: a paper-based pamphlet and GBMG application group. The Museum Experience Scale were used to evaluate the overall experience with the GBMG application in this study. Results showed that the children in the mobile-based groups have a higher mean for the four dimensions of MES, although the difference is only significant for the emotional connection dimension. This study shows that the game-based mobile guide application did not significantly improve children's museum experience at SCV except for their emotional connection. Additional findings from the Heuristic Evaluation with six Human-Computer Interaction experts offered a deeper understanding of why the GBMG did not improve the children's visitor experience at SCV. The outcome of this study contributes to the research field of game-based mobile applications to enhance children's experiences at living museums with several issues raised for further research.
Syllabification of the Divine Comedy
Authors: Asperti Andrea , Bianco Stefano Dal
Published: July 2021

We provide a syllabification algorithm for the
Divine Comedy
using techniques from probabilistic and constraint programming. We particularly focus on the
synalephe
, addressed in terms of the "propensity" of a word to take part in a synalephe with adjacent words. We jointly provide an online vocabulary containing, for each word, information about its syllabification, the location of the tonic accent, and the aforementioned synalephe propensity, on the left and right sides. The algorithm is intrinsically nondeterministic, producing different possible syllabifications for each verse, with different likelihoods; metric constraints relative to accents on the 10th, 4th, and 6th syllables are used to further reduce the solution space. The most likely syllabification is hence returned as output. We believe that this work could be a major milestone for a lot of different investigations. From the point of view of digital humanities it opens new perspectives on computer-assisted analysis of digital sources, comprising automated detection of anomalous and problematic cases, metric clustering of verses and their categorization, or more foundational investigations addressing, e.g., the phonetic roles of consonants and vowels. From the point of view of text processing and deep learning, information about syllabification and the location of accents opens a wide range of exciting perspectives, from the possibility of automatic
learning
syllabification of words and verses to the improvement of generative models, aware of metric issues, and more respectful of the expected musicality.
Lightness Perception in Complex Scenes
Authors: Murray Richard F.
Published: July 2021

Lightness perception is the perception of achromatic surface colors: black, white, and shades of grey. Lightness has long been a central research topic in experimental psychology, as perceiving surface color is an important visual task but also a difficult one due to the deep ambiguity of retinal images. In this article, I review psychophysical work on lightness perception in complex scenes over the past 20 years, with an emphasis on work that supports the development of computational models. I discuss Bayesian models, equivalent illumination models, multidimensional scaling, anchoring theory, spatial filtering models, natural scene statistics, and related work in computer vision. I review open topics in lightness perception that seem ready for progress, including the relationship between lightness and brightness, and developing more sophisticated computational models of lightness in complex scenes.
Intermittent short-arm centrifugation is a partially effective countermeasure against upright balance deterioration following 60-day head-down tilt bed rest
Authors: De Martino Enrico , Salomoni Sauro E. , Hodges Paul W. , Hides Julie , Lindsay Kirsty , Debuse Dorothée , Winnard Andrew , Elliott James , Hoggarth Mark , Beard David , Cook Jonathan A. , Ekman Robert , Hinterwaldner Luis , Scott Jonathan , Weber Tobias , Caplan Nick
Published: July 2021

This study presents novel insights into the effect of artificial gravity (AG) on the deterioration of standing balance and anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) of trunk muscles induced by 60-day strict head-down bed rest. The results indicated severe balance dysfunction and delayed APAs during rapid arm movement. AG partially mitigated the deterioration in standing balance and may thus be considered as a potential countermeasure for future planetary surface explorations. Optimization of AG protocols might enhance effects.
Maximal results with minimal stimuli: the fewest high-frequency pulses needed to measure or model prolonged low-frequency force depression in the dorsiflexors
Authors: Ruggiero Luca , Bruce Christina D. , Streight Hannah B. , McNeil Chris J.
Published: July 2021

Ideally, prolonged low-frequency force depression (PLFFD) is measured with 1-s trains of supramaximal stimuli; however, this induces considerable discomfort. We tested briefer trains to approximate the minimum number of high-frequency pulses needed to accurately determine PLFFD and the feasibility of modeling 1-s tetani with relatively few pulses. After eccentric exercise, 13–25 high-frequency pulses were needed to accurately measure PLFFD. Modeling reproduced mean experimental values but had considerable variability.
Skeletal muscle-specific calpastatin overexpression mitigates muscle weakness in aging and extends life span
Authors: Schroder Elizabeth A. , Wang Lin , Wen Yuan , Callahan Leigh Ann P. , Supinski Gerald S.
Published: July 2021

This is the first study to investigate the role of calpastatin overexpression on skeletal muscle specific force in aging rodents. Muscle-specific overexpression of calpastatin, the endogenous calpain inhibitor, prevented aging-induced reductions in both EDL and diaphragm specific force and, remarkably, increased life span. These data suggest that diaphragm dysfunction in aging may be a major factor in determining longevity. Targeting the calpain/calpastatin pathway may elucidate novel therapies to combat skeletal muscle weakness in aging.
Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) prevents sepsis-induced diaphragm dysfunction
Authors: Supinski Gerald S. , Schroder Elizabeth A. , Wang Lin , Morris Andrew J. , Callahan Leigh Ann P.
Published: July 2021

This is the first study to show that mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ), a mitochondrially targeted antioxidant, treats sepsis-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction. This biopharmaceutical agent is without known side effects and is currently being used by healthy individuals and in clinical trials in patients with various diseases. When taken together, our results suggest that MitoQ has the potential to be immediately translated into treatment for sepsis-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction.
A Deep Learning Framework for Damage Assessment of Composite Sandwich Structures
Authors: Meruane Viviana , Aichele Diego , Ruiz Rafael , López Droguett Enrique
Published: July 2021

The vibrational behavior of composite structures has been demonstrated as a useful feature for identifying debonding damage. The precision of the damage localization can be greatly improved by the addition of more measuring points. Therefore, full‐field vibration measurements, such as those obtained using high‐speed digital image correlation (DIC) techniques, are particularly useful. In this study, deep learning techniques, which have demonstrated excellent performance in image classification and segmentation, are incorporated into a novel approach for assessing damage in composite structures. This article presents a damage‐assessment algorithm for composite sandwich structures that uses full‐field vibration mode shapes and deep learning. First, the vibration mode shapes are identified using high‐speed 3D DIC measurements. Then, Gaussian process regression is implemented to estimate the mode shape curvatures, and a baseline‐free gapped smoothing method is applied to compute the damage images. The damage indices, which are represented as grayscale images, are processed using a convolutional‐neural‐network‐based algorithm to automatically identify damaged regions. The proposed methodology is validated using numerical and experimental data from a composite sandwich panel with different damage configurations.
Endophytic Colletotrichum siamense for Biocontrol and Resistance Induction in Guarana Seedlings
Authors: Casas Luana L. , Pereira José O. , Costa-Neto Pedro Q. , Silva José F. , Almeida Lucas N. , Bianco Roberto A. , Azevedo João L.
Published: July 2021

Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis, known in Brazil as guarana plant, is an important plant and a major traditional crop in the State of Amazonas. It is a native Brazilian species of great economic and social importance, particularly in the Amazon region. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is the main challenge for this crop. Therefore, the present study verified whether C. siamense, an endophytic fungus infected with a mycovirus, could protect the seedlings and reduce or eliminate the characteristic symptoms. Total proteins and enzymatic activities of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs), including peroxidase (POX), chitinase (CHI), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), were quantified. Guarana seedlings of cultivar Maués were sprayed with a C. siamense conidia suspension (5.0 × 103 conidia/mL). After ten days, the seedlings were sprayed with a suspension of the phytopathogen’s conidia (1.0 × 106 conidia/mL). One group of these seedlings received the fungicide indicated for this crop. The fungicide was applied twice with an interval of 15 days between applications. Negative control seedlings did not receive any treatment (except water and fertilization), and positive control seedlings were treated only with the phytopathogen. The experiment was conducted between December 2019 and February 2020 in a greenhouse. The treatments were applied at an average temperature of 25°C and 85% relative humidity. Leaflets were randomly collected from each treatment group at 0, 48, 72, and 96 hours after pathogen inoculation and analyzed for total protein and enzyme production (POX, PAL, and CHI). After 28 days, the percentage of leaf lesions on the seedlings was evaluated. C. siamense inoculation reduced lesions. There were differences in total proteins and PRPs at different timepoints after inoculation, except for CHI activity, among treatments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of resistance induction in guarana plants.
Electrical Control Online Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Fan Shunzhi
Published: July 2021

In order to improve the stability of the electrical control system, based on the Internet of Things technology, this paper constructs an online monitoring system for electrical control based on the Internet of Things. Based on actual needs, communication requirements, and common communication methods in the remote monitoring system, this paper combines the requirements of actual remote communication to conduct a detailed comparative analysis of the principles, performance characteristics, reliability, cost, maintenance, and other aspects of various communication methods, proposes a plan that can meet the communication requirements of the system, and completes the design of the wireless linear link communication network. In addition, according to the three‐tier architecture of the Internet of Things, this paper comprehensively uses the technologies related to the Internet of Things to design and develop the perception layer, transmission layer, and application layer. Finally, this paper designs experiments to test the performance of the system constructed in this paper. The research results show that the online monitoring system based on the Internet of Things constructed in this paper meets the needs of intelligent monitoring of the electrical control system.
Rehabilitation Effect of Exercise Therapy on Knee Osteoarthritis Evaluated by Computed Tomography Image under Optimized Reconstruction Algorithm
Authors: Zhong Chongxia , Zhu Jie
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to explore the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with combined exercise therapy and to evaluate the curative effect through CT imaging technology based on optimized reconstruction algorithms. A total of 60 patients with osteoarthritis admitted to our hospital from September 2020 to March 2021 were randomly recruited as the research objects. Patients were rolled into the routine treatment group and exercise group (routine treatment + targeted exercise therapy) according to different treatments they received, with 30 cases in each group. Then, the CT imaging results of the two groups were compared after treatment. The positive rates of peripheral osteogenesis, joint space narrowing, cartilage lesions, and synovial lesions in the exercise group were inferior to those in the routine group, and the difference was statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. However, the change rate of positive indicators before and after treatment was not statistically significant

P
>
0.05

. The change range of digital pain score and Lysholm knee function score in the exercise group was significantly superior to that in the routine group, and the difference was statistically significant

P
<
0.05

. CT images with optimized reconstruction algorithms still had certain limiting factors in the evaluation of the curative effect of KOA and still needed to be improved. It was also proved that exercise therapy had good application value in the treatment of KOA through other methods.
Effects of Steaming, Microwaving, and Hot-Air Drying on the Physicochemical Properties and Storage Stability of Oat Bran
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhang Mei-Li , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yakun , Wang Chen , Liu Ruirui
Published: July 2021

Oat bran is a nutrient-dense, resource-rich byproduct that is produced from oat milling. Oxidative deterioration is the main reason that limits the utilisation of oat bran. Thus, improving the storage stability of oat bran has become an urgent requirement. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of oat bran deterioration via steaming, microwaving, and hot-air drying treatments and the effects of these methods on oat bran physicochemical properties and storage stability. Results indicated that, after the three heating treatments, the solubility of oat bran increased and the powder fluidity showed no significant change (

P
<
0.05

). Steam-treated oat bran demonstrated increased initial gelatinisation temperature, peak temperature, and enthalpy, significantly reduced peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown value, final viscosity, and setback value, and significantly improved thermal stability (

P
<
0.05

). During accelerated storage, oat bran samples subjected to the three heat treatments showed increased sensory scores and L

∗

, a

∗

, and b

∗

values, whereas due to the decrease of lipase activity in oat bran, their fatty acid values and malondialdehyde content increased slowly and were always lower than those of unprocessed oat bran. All three heat treatments could improve the storage stability and the quality deterioration of oat bran during storage due to oil oxidation. Steaming had the most significant effect.
P-Fuzzy Ideals and P-Fuzzy Filters in P-Algebras
Authors: Norahun Wondwosen Zemene
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we introduce the concept of p-fuzzy ideals and p-fuzzy filters in a p-algebra. We provide a set of equivalent conditions for a fuzzy ideal to be a p-fuzzy ideal and a p-algebra to be a Boolean algebra. It is proved that the class of p-fuzzy ideals forms a complete distributive lattice. Moreover, we show that there is an isomorphism between the class of p-fuzzy ideals and p-fuzzy filter.
GABPA Expression in Endometrial Carcinoma: A Prognostic Marker
Authors: Ma Xiaoxue , Lin Qianhan , Cui Gongting , Zhao Jing , Wei Xuan , Li Rui , Mao Hongluan , Ma Yanhui , Liu Peishu , Pang Yingxin
Published: July 2021

Background. GA-binding protein A (GABPA), a transcription factor, is broadly involved in physiological and pathological processes. Several studies have investigated the relationship between GABPA expression level and outcomes of various malignancies. However, the function and clinicopathological significance of GABPA in endometrial carcinoma (EC) remain obscure. Methods. The GABPA mRNA expression in EC tissues and adjacent nonneoplastic tissues in the TCGA database was involved in our study. The protein expression of GABPA in 107 EC tissues and 15 normal endometrial tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results. The GABPA expression was significantly downregulated in EC tissues compared with its expression in normal tissues (

P
<
0.001

). The expression of GABPA was markedly correlated with type II EC (

P
<
0.01

) and grade 3 EC (

P
<
0.05

). A tendency has been observed that patients with low GABPA levels had relatively poorer overall survival (OS) (

P
=
0.036

) and disease-free survival (DFS) (

P
=
0.016

) than patients with high GABPA levels. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that lower expression of GABPA was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS (

P
=
0.043

) and DFS (

P
=
0.045

). Similar correlation between low expression levels of GABPA and unfavorable prognosis has also been found in type II or grade 3 EC. IHC analysis showed EC tissues had low expression of GABPA, which indicated relatively poor prognosis. Moreover, we identified that the GABPA mRNA expression was negatively correlated with its methylation level (

R
=
−
0.2512

,

P
<
0.001

) which is one of the mechanisms for the silencing of GABPA gene. Conclusion. GABPA may act as an independent predictor of clinical prognosis and serve as a potential target gene for EC therapy.
Stability Analysis of the Rhomboidal Restricted Six-Body Problem
Authors: Siddique M. A. R. , Kashif A. R. , Shoaib M. , Hussain S.
Published: July 2021

We discuss the restricted rhomboidal six-body problem (RR6BP), which has four positive masses at the vertices of the rhombus, and the fifth mass is at the intersection of the two diagonals. These masses always move in rhomboidal CC with diagonals

2
a

and

2
b

. The sixth body, having a very small mass, does not influence the motion of the five masses, also called primaries. The masses of the primaries are

m

1

=

m

2

=

m

0

=
m

and

m

3

=

m

4

=

m
˜

. The masses

m

and

m
˜

are written as functions of parameters

a

and

b

such that they always form a rhomboidal central configuration. The evolution of zero velocity curves is discussed for fixed values of positive masses. Using the first integral of motion, we derive the region of possible motion of test particle

m

5

and identify the value of Jacobian constant

C

for different energy intervals at which these regions become disconnected. Using semianalytical techniques, we show the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium solutions on the axes and off the axes. We show that, for

b
∈

1
/

3

,
1.1394282249562009

, there always exist 12 equilibrium points. We also show that all 12 equilibrium points are unstable.
A Novel Active Disturbance Rejection Control with a Super‐Twisting Observer for the Rocket Launcher Servo System
Authors: Shi Di-Fen , Hou Yuan-Long , Gu Xiao-Hui , Hou Run-Min
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a novel active disturbance rejection control (NADRC) with a super‐twisting extended state observer (SESO) is utilized in the rocket launcher servo system. The main arguments in the shipborne rocket launcher system are control accuracy and antidisturbance ability, which are closely related to phase delay and bandwidth. Firstly, we use Taylor’s formula approach to compensate the phase delay in traditional tracking differentiator (TD). Secondly, we design the parallel structured SESO to improve the observation bandwidth, so that it can estimate states with desired accuracy in NADRC. Finally, sinusoidal simulation results show Taylor’s formula‐based TD can suppress noise and compensate phase delays effectively. In comparison with traditional ADRC, the proposed NADRC is shown to have better tracking performance and stronger robustness. Semiphysical experiments are conducted to prove the feasibility of NADRC.
A Prediction Model for Contralateral Central Neck Lymph Node Metastases in Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Tan Hai-Long , Huang Bo-Qiang , Li Gui-You , Wei Bo , Chen Pei , Hu Hui-Yu , Liu Mian , Ou-Yang Deng-Jie , Yang Qiong , Qin Zi-En , Shi Qi-Man , Li Ning , Huang Peng , Chang Shi
Published: July 2021

The health problems caused by the frequent relapse of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remain a worldwide concern since the morbidity rate of PTC ranks the highest among thyroid cancers. Residues from contralateral central lymph node metastases (con-CLNM) are the key reason for persistence or recurrence of unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma (uni-PTC); however, the ability to assess the status of con-CLNM in uni-PTC patients is limited. To clarify the risk factors of con-CLNM, a total of 250 patients with uni-PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection were recruited in this study. We compared the clinical, sonographic, and pathological characteristics of patients with con-CLNM to those without con-CLNM and established a nomogram for con-CLNM in uni-PTC. We found that male sex, without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, present capsular invasion, with ipsilateral lateral lymph node metastases, and the ratio of ipsilateral central lymph node metastases ≥0.16 were independent con-CLNM predictors of uni-PTC (ORs: 2.797, 0.430, 2.538, 2.202, and 26.588; 95% CIs: 1.182–6.617, 0.211–0.876, 1.223–5.267, 1.064–4.557, and 7.596–93.069, respectively). Additionally, a preoperative nomogram for the prediction of con-CLNM based on these risk factors showed good discrimination (C-index 0.881; 95% CI: 0.840–0.923; sensitivity 85.3%; specificity 76.0%) and good agreement via the calibration plot. Our study provided a way to quantitatively and accurately predict whether con-CLNM occurred in patients with uni-PTC, which may guide surgeons to evaluate the nodal status and perform tailored therapeutic central lymph node dissection.
The Green Product’s Pricing Strategy in a Dual Channel considering Manufacturer’s Risk Attitude
Authors: Ma Junjie , Yu Wenchao , Li Shuxia , Zhang Linghong , Zang Shaobin
Published: July 2021

This paper develops a two‐echelon green supply chain that consists of one green manufacturer and one retailer. The green manufacturer has both online direct and offline retail channels. Considering manufacturer’s risk attitude and product’s green level, the paper constructs centralized and decentralized game models when the online channel’s demand is uncertain. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the impacts of a set of factors, including consumer environmental awareness (CEA), product green level, and risk attitude on decision‐making in the supply chain. Finally, we present numerical examples. The main findings are as follows: the manufacturer and the retailer will benefit from the improvement of CEA; hence, they could invest more to obtain more profits by improving CEA; manufacturer’s risk attitude has a negative impact on the pricing and profits of the supply chain; as such, the members of the supply chain should improve the accuracy of their demand forecast, so as to minimize risks and losses resulting from uncertainty in demand.
Comparison of the Ability of Two Brands of CBCT with That of SEM to Detect the Marginal Leakage of Class V Composite Resin Restorations
Authors: Karbasi Kheir Mitra , Khayam Leili
Published: July 2021

Objectives. This study was carried out to compare the ability of two common brands of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), including New Tom and Planmeca, to detect the marginal leakage of class V composite resins. The ability of each of the two brands of CBCT to detect the marginal leakage of class V composite resins was also compared with that of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of sixteen extracted caries-free human premolars. Cavities were conditioned and filled with composite resin. The teeth were immersed in 50% weight/weight aqueous silver nitrate solution for 24 hours. They were then taken out and rinsed with distilled water. Next, they were put in a developing solution. They were first viewed with New Tom and Planmeca CBCT units and were then sectioned and evaluated by an SEM. Results. The results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant difference between the mean marginal leakage scores of New Tom and Planmeca CBCT images (

p

value = 0.157) and between those of New Tom CBCT and SEM images (

p

value = 0.098). However, there was a significant difference between the mean marginal leakage scores of Planmeca CBCT and SEM images (

p

value = 0.023). Conclusion. There were no significant differences between New Tom and Planmeca CBCT units in the detection of marginal leakage of class V composite resins. However, when these CBCT units were compared with the SEM, the New Tom CBCT unit could detect the marginal leakage better than Planmeca.
A Face Occlusion Removal and Privacy Protection Method for IoT Devices Based on Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Zhu Wenqiu , Wang Xiaoyi , Wu Yuezhong , Zou Guang
Published: July 2021

The device group based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has been used in face recognition in real life, so it is more necessary to discuss the current data security issues and social hot issues. The Internet of Things device combines edge conditions and many recognizers to generative adversarial networks. On the premise of meeting the needs of partial occlusion of users, face recovery is completed through information reorganization. CelebA training set is used to simulate face occlusion, and the model is trained and tested. The results show that the method can recover the complete image of the protection for the facial privacy of specific people. At the same time, the IoT device using this method ensures that the face information is not easy to have tampered with when attacked.
Shear Bond Strength of Four Types of Orthodontic Retainers after Thermocycling and Cyclic Loading
Authors: Golshah A. , Amiri Simkooei Z.
Published: July 2021

Objectives. This study assessed the shear bond strength (SBS) of four types of orthodontic retainers after thermocycling and cyclic loading. Materials and Methods. This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 120 extracted mandibular central and lateral incisors. The teeth were mounted in acrylic resin blocks in sets of three, such that the interdental contacts and positioning of the teeth resembled the dental arch. The acrylic blocks were divided into four groups (n = 10) for the use of 0.016 × 0.022-inch Bond-A-Braid® wire, 0.0195-inch twisted wire, 0.0175-inch coaxial wire, and 0.038 × 0.016-inch Ortho-Flex Tech® wire, as retainers. The retainers were bonded to the lingual surface of the teeth with Transbond XT adhesive in all groups, and the specimens underwent thermocycling and cyclic loading (125,000 load cycles applied to the incisal edge of the incisor tooth in the middle, simulating 6 months of clinical service). Any fracture in the process of aging was recorded. The teeth were then subjected to vertical loads applied along their occlusoapical axis in a universal testing machine to determine the SBS in Newtons. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were also determined. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, the Monte Carlo chi-square test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results. Thermocycling and cyclic loading did not cause degradation or fracture of the retainers. The SBS and ARI scores of the four groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusion. The SBS of retainers with flat rectangular-shaped cross-section was similar to that of retainers with a round cross-section; thus, they have no superiority over each other in this respect.
Contributing Factors and Outcome after Cryotherapy of Molluscum Contagiosum among Patients Attending Tertiary Hospital, Northern Tanzania: A Descriptive Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chapa Peter J. , Mavura Daudi R. , Philemon Rune , Kini Lulyritha , Masenga Elisante J.
Published: July 2021

Background. Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a benign infection caused by a member of the Poxviridae family, molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). The contributing factors for MCV infection are different in different populations and study areas. Few studies have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of cryotherapy in the treatment of MC. The study’s objectives were to determine contributing factors and outcome after cryotherapy of MC among patients attending a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania. Methods. A hospital-based cohort study was conducted at the Regional Dermatology Training Centre (RDTC) from September 2018 to August 2019, involving all patients clinically diagnosed with MC. We used a consecutive sampling method to recruit study participants. We treated all participants with cryotherapy and assessed them after two weeks. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21. Results. There were 49 patients with MC who agreed to participate in this study with a median age of 8 (IQR 3–22). We found 18.4% of patients with active atopic dermatitis (AD) had MC while those with a history of atopic diseases (Ad) were 32%, and 22.4% had a history of using immunosuppressive drugs. The clearance rate of cryotherapy on MC lesions was found to be 94%. Hypopigmentation was the commonest adverse effect. Conclusion. The findings of this study show that AD and immunosuppression may be contributing to MC development. Based on the clearance rate results, cryotherapy has shown to be effective and may be used in the treatment of MC.
Giant Condyloma Acuminata (Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor): Review of an Unusual Disease and Difficult to Manage
Authors: Nieves-Condoy Jefferson F. , Acuña-Pinzón Camilo L. , Chavarría-Chavira José L. , Hinojosa-Ugarte Diego , Zúñiga-Vázquez Luis A.
Published: July 2021

Giant condyloma acuminatum (GCA) or Buschke-Loewenstein tumor is a rare disease, with an estimated prevalence of 0.1%. It was initially described in 1896 by Buschke and later in 1925 by Buschke and Loewenstein. Classic condyloma acuminata (CCA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were initially described as different entities. These three entities are currently considered to correspond to the same spectrum of different but not exclusive malignant transformations, associated with multiple risk factors such infection by human papilloma virus (HPV), immunodeficiencies, poor hygiene, multiple sexual partners, and chronic genital infections. HPV subtypes 6 and 11 are associated with 90% of GCA. It presents as a cauliflower-like tumor in the genital region with bad odor, bleeding, and local infection, differential diagnosis with multiple conditions should be considered, and sexually transmitted diseases should always be investigated. GCA has a higher rate of malignant transformation than CCA and tends to infiltrate adjacent soft tissues. The therapeutic approach is controversial but is considered that the resection with free edges is the gold standard and can be combined with adjuncts. The recurrence rate is high. Overall mortality is 21% and is associated with morbidity caused by recurrences. Imiquimod cream 5% has recently shown good results as monotherapy and in combination with ablative and surgical treatments. The quality of life is diminished in patients with this condition. In this review, we address the different aspects of this rare entity including the therapeutic approach.
Vehicle‐Mounted Self‐Organizing Network Routing Algorithm Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Ye Shitong , Xu Lijuan , Li Xiaomin
Published: July 2021

Through the research on the vehicle‐mounted self‐organizing network, in view of the current routing technical problems of the vehicle‐mounted self‐organizing network under the condition of no roadside auxiliary communication unit cooperation, this paper proposes a vehicle network routing algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning. For the problems of massive vehicle nodes and multiple performance evaluation indexes in vehicular ad hoc network, this paper proposes a time prediction model of vehicle communication to reduce the probability of communication interruption and proposes the routing technology of vehicle network by studying the deep reinforcement learning method. This technology can quickly select routing nodes and plan the optimal route according to the required performance evaluation indicators.
Wogonin Inhibits Cardiac Hypertrophy by Activating Nrf-2-Mediated Antioxidant Responses
Authors: Shi Xiaowen , Zhang Bin , Chu Zhenliang , Han Bingjiang , Zhang Xueping , Huang Ping , Han Jibo
Published: July 2021

Background. Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the initial disorders of the cardiovascular system and can induce heart failure. Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy. Wogonin (Wog), an important flavonoid derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is known to possess antioxidant properties. Methods. An in vitro model of cardiac hypertrophy was established by stimulating H9C2 cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) with angiotensin II (AngII). The indices related to myocardial hypertrophy and oxidative stress were detected. An in vivo model of cardiac hypertrophy was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57BL/6 mice. Cardiac function was monitored by chest echocardiography, and the hypertrophy index was measured. The mice were then sacrificed for histological assays, with mRNA and protein detection. To further explore the role of nuclear factor- (erythroid-derived 2-) like 2 (Nrf-2) in regulating the antioxidant effects of Wog in cardiac hypertrophy, siRNA analysis was conducted. Results. Our results showed that Wog significantly ameliorated AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inhibiting oxidative stress in H9C2 cells and NRCMs. In addition, Wog treatment prevented oxidative stress and improved cardiac hypertrophy in mice that underwent TAC. Using gene-specific siRNA for Nrf-2, we discovered that these antioxidative effects of Wog are mediated through Nrf-2 induction. Conclusions. Our results provide further evidence for the potential use of Wog as an antioxidative agent for treatment of cardiac hypertrophy, and Nrf-2 might serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
Disección arterial cérvico-cefálica post trauma en pediatría
Authors: Kobus Garin Valentina , Giménez Barros Belén , Carcey Rivera Javier , Marín Medina José Ignacio
Published: July 2021

Introducción: la disección arterial cérvico-cefálica (DACC) es una causa importante de accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) en pediatría. Dentro de los factores de riesgo más relevantes están los traumas cervicales y cefálicos, presentes en el 50% de los casos. El pronóstico es variable y depende de la magnitud de oclusión de la arteria afectada. Es importante la detección precoz de esta patología, que muchas veces se presenta con pocos síntomas en pediatría, lo que genera retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivo: presentar la evidencia disponible sobre DACC incluyendo DACC post trauma para familiarizar a los médicos generales y especialistas sobre la sospecha diagnóstica, diagnóstico enfocado en neuroimágenes y posibles manejos de esta patología. Métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica sobre esta condición.  Dentro de los criterios de selección de los estudios se consideró la fecha de publicación, el diseño y la relevancia. Conclusiones: la DACC post trauma es una causa frecuente de ACV en pediatría. Se puede presentar con escasa sintomatología, por lo que es importante mantener una alta sospecha en contexto de trauma cervical o cefálico, implementando un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces para mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes.
Community-level screening for type 2 diabetes risk in Mexicans living in Colorado
Authors: Gonzalez-Fisher Ricardo , Avila Odalys , Proano Jehimy , Hernandez Alma Mireya , Sarwal Alok
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Many Mexican immigrants to the US are medically underserved and have a higher risk for type 2 diabetes; early identification of risk factors can prompt referrals to lifestyle changes and primary care in this population. We used a cross-sectional study design to assess diabetes risk using an existing community partnership, a public health professional, and a lay health promoter model to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes without imposing tests that are difficult to perform or sustain in a community setting. Materials and Methods: Between January 1st, 2018, and December 31st, 2019, a community-based approach for type 2 diabetes-risk screening was conducted by lay health workers using a standard protocol including an educational component, the FINDRISC questionnaire, and capillary plasma glucose criteria. Basic descriptive statistics were obtained for demographic, lifestyle, and diabetes risk factors. Results: Our team screened 783 adult individuals (444 females and 339 males) for type 2 diabetes risk. 29% of participants (35.6% of females and 20.6% of males) were at high risk of type 2 diabetes because they had FINDRISC scores of 14 or higher. We also identified other risk factors, 79% of females and 86% of males were overweight or obese, and 39% had high blood pressure; consequently, we referred 427 patients to their PCP or a new medical home. Conclusions: The use of a community-based intervention using the FINDRISC type 2 diabetes risk assessment tool is a suitable, easy to perform intervention that can be applied in community settings by community lay health promoters.