bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of appropriate grafting method and plant applications to increase grafting success in cucumber
Authors: AYDIN Alim , YETİŞİR Halit , BAŞAK Hakan , GÜNGÖR Ramazan , ŞENGÖZ Sinan , ÇETİN Ayşe Nur
Published: June 2022

In grafted seedling production, in addition to the compatibility and performance of the rootstock, the correct selection of the grafting method and the treatments to the rootstocks nd scion are effective on the success of the graft. A three-stage trial was conducted to determine the appropriate grafting method, the effect of root cutting, and some treatments on grafting success in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In Experiment I, it was aimed to determine the most appropriate grafting technique for cucumber by using single cotyledon, hole insertion, and tube grafting techniques. The effect of rooted and rootless grafting on grafting success and seedling growth in Experiment II was determined by using the most appropriate grafting technique determined in Experiment I. In experiment III, the effect of sucrose, IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) and antitranspirant applications on rootstocks on the success of grafting was determined. The graft success rate of the grafted plants was evaluated 14 days after grafting. While the most appropriate grafting technique was the single cotyledon grafting method with a success rate of 76%, the grafting success rate was 67.8% and 55.6% in hole insertion and tube grafting methods, respectively. The effect of grafting with rooted or rootless rootstock on grafting success was found to be insignificant. The highest stem fresh and dry weight were recorded in rooted grafting with 28.00 and 2.30 g/plant, respectively. The highest root fresh and dry weights were found in rooted grafting with 19.30 and 1.93 g/plant, respectively. In Experiment III, the highest grafting success was obtained from sucrose+antitranspirant (98.82%) and sucrose+antitranspirant+IBA (97.65%) applications, respectively. The lowest grafting success was determined in antitranspirant (74.86%) and control (78.24%) applications. According to the results te highest grafting success was achieved by using rooted rootstocks and single cotyledon grafting method. In addition, the combined application of sucrose and antitranspirant and the triple combination of sucrose, antitranspirant, and IBA to rootstocks before grafting is recommended because they increase the success of grafting in cucumber.
New approach to use of domestic flaxseed raw materials
Authors:   G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, RAS, Dymnikova N. S. , Erokhina E. V. ,   G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, RAS, Moryganov A. P. ,   G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, RAS
Published: June 2022

The conditions for obtaining stable metallic silver hydrosols in the presence of flax fiber extracts have been studied by the method of «green chemistry» and the possibility of using synthesized sols to provide cellulose-containing materials with antimicrobial activity or biosecurity has been proved. The process of synthesis of ultrafine silver particles in the presence of concomitant natural impurities of flax fibers isolated from them during alkaline high-temperature treatment was studied by spectrophotometry, photon correlation spectroscopy and visual observation. The effect of the extract composition on dynamics of the formation of stable silver nanoparticles was determined. IR spectroscopy and potentiometric titration methods proved that an increase in the alkalinity of a cooking solution led not only to an increase in the amount of impurities in the solution, but also to their destruction, and the complex of reducing substances formed in the solution could act as a silver ion reducing agent even at a low extraction temperature. It was proven that antimicrobial activity against test cultures of synthesized sols and cellulose tissue treated with them depended on the conditions of synthesis.
An empirical examination of the Impact of Initial Capital, Prior Experience, and R&D on SMEs’ Survival and Economic Performance: Moderating Role of Innovation Culture
Authors: Bokhari Syed Asad Abbas
Published: June 2022

  

Abstract 

SMEs’ survival and performance continue to be a central concern for strategy experts. There are numerous factors that affect the SMEs’ survival for new entrants in the industry. This study incorporates research on the survival and performance of new entrant SMEs in a relationship with initial capital investment, experience, R&D, and innovation culture. We examined the influence of the SMEs’ initial investment, experience, R&D, and innovation culture on its survival and performance guided by the evolutionary model of entry and exit to conclude whether these are positively related to each other. Further, we investigated moderated role of innovation culture between initial capital, experience, R&D, and firm performance. The outcomes of this study established on a large size sample of 337 SMEs suggest that firms with a large initial investment, prior experience, and R&D have higher probabilities of survival and economic performance and innovation culture strengthens the relationship between predictor and outcome constructs.
OPERATOR WORKLOAD ANALYSIS ON TRAILER OPERATION USING TWO WHEEL TRACTOR WITH CAGE WHEEL IN PALM OIL SOIL
Authors: Idkham Muhammad , Dhafir Muhammad , Safrizal Safrizal , Marisza Safna
Published: June 2022

The operation of the pivot trailer on flat land is more ergonomic than conventional trailers, but on sloping land it has never been tested. The operation of the two-wheeled tractor carried out by the operator on uneven land has problems with the steering handlebar which goes up and down following the movement of the tractor body, thus affecting the increase in workload. To reduce the excessive workload, it is necessary to design a trailer that can be controlled easily. The purpose of this study was to analyze ergonomics, especially the operator's workload when operating a pivot trailer and conventional trailer on a two-wheel tractor using cage wheels. The trailer is towed on a tractor with treatment on sloping land and flat land with several turns, and data collection of the operator's workload uses the heart rate method. The results showed that the operation of the pivot trailer for sloping land (0°, 10°, and 30°) respectively showed IRHR values of 1.13, 1.15, and 1.46 or work levels of "Light", "Light”, and “Medium”. When using a conventional trailer, the IRHR values are 1.12, 1.12, and 1.39 or work levels of “Light”, “Light” and “Medium”. The average energy consumption rate for operating a pivot type trailer is 2.80 kcal/hour.kg-bb (kilocalories per hour per operator weight), while using a conventional trailer is 2.75 kcal/hour.kg-bb. The level of operator workload is also influenced by skills in driving.
Statistical Analysis Plan for the SMART Mental Health study
Authors: Ghosh Arpita , Billot Laurent , Daniel Mercian , Maulik Pallab , Peiris David
Published: June 2022

SMART Mental Health is a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate the feasibility, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention that aims to improve community behaviours toward mental health disorders as well as outcomes in individuals at high risk of common mental disorders. The intervention being tested involves an anti-stigma campaign and an electronic decision support system platform that allows for identification, diagnosis, and treatment of common mental disorders by primary healthcare workers. This manuscript presents the pre-specified statistical analysis plan for the study.
Ellia, F., Chis-Ciure, R. - Consciousness and Complexity: Neurobiological Naturalism and Integrated Information Theory (2022)
Authors: Ellia Francesco , Chis-Ciure Robert
Published: June 2022

In this paper we take a meta-theoretical stance to compare two frameworks that endeavor to explain phenomenal experience. In particular, we compare Feinberg & Mallatt’s Neurobiological Naturalism (NN) and Tononi and colleagues’ Integrated Information Theory (IIT), given that the former pointed out some similarities between the two theories (Feinberg & Mallatt 2016c-d). To probe how similar they are, we first give a general introduction to both frameworks. Next, we provide a ground plan for carrying out our analysis. We move on to articulate a philosophical profile of NN and IIT, addressing their ontological commitments and epistemological foundations. Finally, we compare the two point-by-point, also discussing how they stand on the issue of artificial consciousness. We find the two theories to be constitutionally different. IIT treats consciousness as a fundamental feature of the world (its ontology) and investigates its structure from the mathematical standpoint of integrated information (its epistemology). NN, by contrast, treats consciousness as an emerging feature confined to living organisms with complex brains (its ontology) and investigates with neurobiology, complex systems theory, and the tenet of irreducible subjectivity (its epistemology).
Age-related differences in Default Mode Network resting-state functional connectivity but not gray matter volume relate to sacrificial moral decision-making and working memory performance
Authors: Daley Ryan T , Kensinger Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Older adults make fewer utilitarian decisions than younger adults during sacrificial moral dilemmas, which are associated with age-related reductions in Default Mode Network resting-state functional segregation. Decreases on tasks associated with fluid cognitive abilities, such as working memory capacity, are also associated with age-related Default Mode Network changes. Relatedly, regions within this network demonstrate some of the greatest age-related gray matter atrophy. Age-related changes in structure and function of the Default Mode Network may be associated with poorer working memory capacity and reduced utilitarian moral decision-making. Alternatively, recent theories suggest that age-related changes to Default Mode Network function may be adaptive in the context of tasks that include socioemotional components. As such, reduced Default Mode Network segregation may be associated with differential outcomes in moral decision-making for younger and older adults. In the present study, there were no age-related differences in working memory capacity. Older adults were less likely than younger adults to indicate the utilitarian option when trials involved instrumental harm. Generally, increased resting-state functional connectivity segregation of the Default Mode Network was associated with better working memory performance in both groups, and reduced bias to endorse the utilitarian option during Incidental dilemmas compared to Instrumental dilemmas in younger adults. Older adults with similar moral decision-making behavior to younger adults had reduced segregation of the Default Mode Network via increased coupling with Salience Network regions. These findings suggest that Default Mode Network functional integrity may be differentially associated with age-related changes to working memory capacity and sacrificial moral decision-making.
Harnessing Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Earthquake Early Warning: Magnitude Estimation and Ground Motion Prediction
Authors: Lior Itzhak , Rivet Diane , Ampuero Jean Paul , Sladen Anthony , Barrientos Sergio , Sánchez-Olavarría Rodrigo , Villarroel Opazo German , Bustamente Prado Jose
Published: June 2022

Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems provide seconds to tens of seconds of warning time before potentially-damaging ground motions are felt. For optimal warning times, seismic sensors should be installed as close as possible to expected earthquake sources. However, while the most hazardous earthquakes on Earth occur underwater, most seismological stations are located on-land; precious seconds may go by before these earthquakes are detected. In this work, we harness available optical fiber infrastructure for EEW using the novel approach of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). DAS strain measurements of earthquakes from different regions are converted to ground motions using a real-time slant-stack approach, magnitudes are estimated using a theoretical earthquake source model, and ground shaking intensities are predicted via ground motion prediction equations. The results demonstrate the robustness of DAS-based EEW and the significant time-gains that can be achieved compared to the use of standard seismometers, in particular for offshore earthquakes.
Neural phase angle from two months when tracking speech and non-speech rhythm linked to language performance from 12 to 24 months.
Authors: Ní Choisdealbha Áine , Attaheri Adam , Rocha Sinead , Mead Natasha , Olawole-Scott Helen , Brusini Perrine , Gibbon Samuel , Boutris Panagiotis , Grey Christina , Hines Declain , Williams Isabel , Flanagan Sheila A. , Goswami Usha
Published: June 2022

Atypical phase alignment of low-frequency neural oscillations to speech rhythm has been implicated in phonological deficits in developmental dyslexia. Atypical phase alignment to rhythm could thus also characterize infants at risk for later language difficulties. Here, we investigate phase-language mechanisms in a neurotypical infant sample. 122 two-, six- and nine-month-old infants were played speech and non-speech rhythms while EEG was recorded in a longitudinal design. The phase of infants’ neural oscillations aligned consistently to the stimuli, with group-level convergence towards a common phase. Individual low-frequency phase alignment related to subsequent measures of language acquisition up to 24 months of age. Accordingly, individual differences in language acquisition are related to the phase alignment of cortical tracking of auditory and audiovisual rhythms in infancy, an automatic neural mechanism. Automatic rhythmic phase-language mechanisms could eventually serve as biomarkers, identifying at-risk infants and enabling intervention at the earliest stages of development.
Episodic and semantic feeling-of-knowing in aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Devaluez Méline , Mazancieux Audrey , Souchay Céline
Published: June 2022

A complex pattern of preservation and deterioration in metacognition in aging is found, especially regarding predicting future memory retrieval (i.e., feeling-of knowing, FOK). While semantic FOK (sFOK) is preserved with age, studies on episodic tasks (eFOK) produce equivocal findings. We present a meta analysis of 20 studies on eFOK and sFOK, analyzing the difference in metacognitive sensitivity between 922 younger and 966 older adults, taking into account the difference in memory performance. The sFOK studies yielded no overall age effect (8 effects, g = -0.10 [-0.29, 0.10]). However, we found a reliable age-group difference on eFOK (22 effects, g = 0.53 [0.28, 0.78]), which was moderated when considering recognition performance. Moreover, using aggregated data of 134 young and 235 older adults from published and unpublished studies from our lab, we investigated memory performance as an explanation of the eFOK deficit. We show that older adults are less metacognitively sensitive than younger adults for eFOKs which is, at least partly, due to the age related memory decline. We highlight two non-exclusive explanations: a recollection deficit at play in the first and second order tasks, and a confound between first order performance and the measure used to assess metacognitive sensitivity.
How to Help Clients Make Effective Decisions About Romantic Relationships: A Systematic Review
Authors: Beddoe Laura , Kucuk Iris , Noetel Michael
Published: June 2022

When contemplating whether to stay or leave romantic relationships, people use a range of interventions to assist decision-making. Our aim was to systematically review the effectiveness of these interventions. We searched four databases using titles and abstracts to find eligible studies. Those using any design, intervention and population that explored stay/leave decisions were included. We conducted full-text screening, data-extraction, and risk of bias assessments in duplicate using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and evidence was synthesised. Searches retrieved 13,013 unique studies, and after screening 104 full-texts, six met inclusion criteria. Online decision aids led to short-term reductions in decisional conflict for women experiencing domestic violence (DV) who were contemplating leaving their partners. Motivational interviewing revealed mixed findings. Finally, a coin flipping intervention was a weak, yet interesting and beneficial strategy to assist stay/leave decisions. Given the scarcity of literature, further research in this area is required to ensure that clinicians are using evidence-based tools with clients who are contemplating dissolution. Future research should focus on identifying and examining strategies that assist stay/leave decisions specifically, and whether interventions from other decision-making domains can apply to stay/leave decisions.
Assistance and Empowerment of Pregnant Women to Prevent Stunting Children in Samaan Village Sub-District of Klojen Malang City
Authors: Fajar Ibnu , Aroni Hasan , Hadisuyitno Juin
Published: June 2022

Malang City is one of the autonomous regions and is the second big city in East Java after Surabaya City. Malang City is currently listed as the city with the second smallest poverty percentage in East Java after Batu City, which is 5.9 percent of the total population. Nutritional problems in Malang City have been presented in the Basic Health Research of East Java Province in 2013. The incidence of stunting in Malang City has increased from 2007 to 2013 by 22.3 – 29.6%. In the context of preventing the occurrence of Stunting Toddlers, mentoring will be carried out with Cadres who have been trained in the first stage of Community Service for pregnant women who have a history of and or are at risk of giving birth to short - very short toddlers. Provide assistance to pregnant women in order to prevent stunting in toddlers in Samaan Village, Kec. Lowokwaru in Malang City. Community service is carried out by providing assistance by cadres to pregnant women for 6 months in Samaan Village, Rampal Celaket Community Health Center. The age of pregnant women in the Rampal Celaket Health Center area based on the results of the questionnaire was <20 years totaling 2 (28.5%) people, 21-25 years old 2 (28.5%) people, 26-30 years old totaling 1 (14.2% ) people, and >40 years old amounted to 1 (14.2%) people. all pregnant women are ordinary housewives and family income <UMR as many as 7 people (100%). Pregnant women before education showed that the 7 mothers involved had a low level of knowledge. Most of the pregnant women have consumption levels of energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates which are included in the category of weight deficit (consumption rate <70%). A total of 57.1% (4 people) of pregnant women experienced Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK). There was an increase in knowledge of pregnant women about MPGRS, Balanced Nutrition, Exclusive Breastfeeding for toddlers, the accuracy of giving MP ASI to toddlers, Clean and Healthy Life Behavior (PHBS).
ASEAN’s Response to the Myanmar Military Coup: From Non-Intervention to Responsibility to Protect
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Muhammad Ali , Sahide Ahmad ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: June 2022

This article examines how ASEAN has reacted to the military coup in Myanmar. The February 1, 2021 coup was appalling because Myanmar was progressing toward democracy especially since Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) won a landslide victory in the 2015 general election. This article shows that although ASEAN tries to adopt ‘constructive engagement’ towards Myanmar, its approaches remain ineffective because it basically still maintains the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of its member states. ASEAN must recognize that regional stability depends on respect for democracy, human rights, and rule of law within each member states. This article argues that ASEAN needs to transform its ineffective approaches toward more active response by gradually internalizing the new concept of ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) and actively put pressures on the military to restore democracy in the country.
Dispute Resolution between the Philippines and China: Fishing Activities in the South China Sea
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Gunawan Yordan , Irrynta Dwilani ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, García Segura Caterina ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Pareja Alcaraz Pablo ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Published: June 2022

Chinese fishing vessels and maritime militias were found in Philippine waters on April 12, 2021. Diplomatic protests raised by the Philippines have been ignored by China, which still claims most of the South China Sea, although in 2016 The Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague under Annex VII of the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), ruled that such a claim is inconsistent with international law. In the article, the authors use a normative research method and a comprehensive literature review in which sources are obtained from secondary data. The results show that China violates the tribunal ruling by infringing the sovereign rights of the Philippines’ Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). For the avoidance and prevention of further issues between the two states, the establishment of a Provisional Measures Zone (PMZ) may be used as a settlement.
The Indonesian Government’s Intervention in the Management of Indonesian Migrant Workers’ Remittances: Natural, Technical and Ultimate Restrictions
Authors:   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Ayuningtyas Annisa , Eka Yuniza Mailinda ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada
Published: June 2022

The constitutionally groundless intervention of Indonesian government towards remittances-the financial outputs categorized as private transaction generated from Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMWs) abroad-has occurred since 1983 until the enactment of Law No. 18 Year 2017 on the protection of IMWs. This Law imposes obligations for local and central governments to conduct financial protection through remittance management by involving domestic and IMW`s placement state`s banks or non-bank financial institution. Given to the limited constitutional basis, private nature of remittances and conditional impact of IWM`s state of origin, this article discusses the limits of Indonesian government intervention in the management of migrants' remittances. This doctrinal legal research found that due to natural and technical restrictions, the government intervention is extremely limited
Fruit Quality Characteristics of Different Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars Grown in Ordu Province of Turkey
Authors: ATEŞ Umut , ÖZTÜRK Burhan
Published: June 2022

In this study, fruit quality characteristics of sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L. cvs. 0900 Ziraat, Kordia, Lambert, Regina, Sweetheart) grown in Ordu province in Turkey were investigated. The Kordia cultivar's fruit mass, width, and length were measured higher than Lambert and 0900 Ziraat cultivars. However, it was observed that the fruit mass, width and length of the Kordia cultivar were similar to Regina and Sweetheart. It was determined that the fruit firmness of 0900 Ziraat, Regina and Sweetheart cultivars was similar level. However, firmness values measured in this cultivar were higher than those of Kordia and Lambert cultivars. Also, higher firmness was measured in the Kordia cultivar than in the Lambert. While the highest a* value was measured in Lambert, the lowest a* value was obtained in the Kordia cultivar. A similar soluble solids content (SSC) of 0900 Ziraat, Lambert and Regina's cultivars was determined. However, it was determined that the content measured in the cultivars was higher than the SSC of the Lambert and Sweetheart cultivars. The titratable acidity content of the cultivars (Regina and 0900 Ziraat similar) was different. The highest titratable acidity was measured in Lambert, and the lowest in the Sweetheart cultivar. Similarly, the vitamin C content of all cultivars was found to be different from each other, and the highest vitamin C was measured in Kordia and the lowest in the Sweetheart cherry cultivar
Eklemeli İmalatta Üretim Yönünün Parça Üretimine Etkileri
Authors: BAHÇE Erkan , BOYACI Sarkis , GÜLER Mehmet Sami
Published: June 2022

Eklemeli imalat, geleneksel imalat yöntemleri ile üretimi mümkün olmayan ya da çok zor ve maliyetli tasarımların üretimi için son on yılda giderek yaygınlaşmıştır. Eklemeli imalat parçanın üretim yönü doğrultusunda katman katman eklenmesi ile edilir. Parçaların üretiminde kullanılan destek yapılar, eklemeli imalatın bir bileşenidir. Bu yapılar parçanın taban plakasını oluşturmakta, termal deformasyonları azaltmakta ve yüzeylerde oluşabilecek sarkmalara destek sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle bir parçanın üretim yönü nesnenin kalitesini, maliyetini ve diğer özelliklerini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada düz, eğri ve açısal yüzeylerden oluşacak şekilde tasarlanan bir parça üzerinde üretim yönünün parça bütünlüğü, geometrik hassasiyeti ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda üretilen numunelerin üst yüzeyinden pürüzlülük ölçümleri yapılmış ve hassas terazi ile destek yapılarının ağırlık üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca üretilen numunelerin görüntüleri CAD ortamına aktarılarak geometrik doğruluğu araştırılmıştır. Taban plakasının dengeli ve katmanların yeterli sürede soğuması parçanın yüzey kalitesini ve geometrik doğruluğun elde edilmesini sağlamıştır. Taban plakada homojen olmayan termal gerilme ise parçanın nominal ölçüden sapmasını artırmaktadır.
Theorical Analysis of New Propeller Type Turbulator Design in Parallel Flow Double Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: ADIGÜZEL Nesrin , GÜNDÜZ Adem
Published: June 2022

In this study, the usage purposes of turbulators are mentioned. The advantages and disadvantages of two different turbulator models are examined. In addition, the working principle of the turbulator was examined to create the analysis conditions. Parts used in turbulators and their alternatives are introduced. The necessary engineering calculations for the analysis were made, the flow analysis to be applied to the turbulator was made and the results were interpreted. Flow simulation, one of the simulation plug-ins containing the SolidWorks commercial program, was used in the analysis. Also turbulator analysis; it was made to determine fluid pressure, fluid velocity, fluid temperature, turbulent energy, turbulent viscosity. The heat exchanger is approximately 1000 mm long. For the turbulators, copper material was chosen as its thermal conductivity is better than aluminum. In the study conducted with two types of turbulators; numerical simulation results were calculated as 4,771 Mpa, 20,15 0C, 211,168 J/kg, 14,81 Pa.s for the spring turbulator, while these values were calculated as 7,811 Mpa, 20,32 0C, 165,518 J/kg, 18,62 Pa.s for the propeller turbulator. In addition, it has been observed that the fluid velocities are 61.5 m/s for the spring turbulator and about 75 m/s for the propeller turbulator. Due to the continuous increase in turbulent energy and turbulent viscosity over time, it has been recommended to use a finned turbulator instead of a spring tube. When all these results are examined, it will open new ideas and fields of study to further improve the overall thermal-aerodynamic performance of turbulators. In this study, a design that will be an alternative to turbulator designs has been realized.
Contrast Coding in Two-Factor Analysis of Variance Studies: An Application to Cotton Data
Authors: ÇANGA Demet , EFE Ercan
Published: June 2022

In this study, how the contrast analysis is performed in a two-way factorial design consisting of contrast estimates containing specific questions determined to investigate the specific differences between averages was examined in detail. For this purpose, after determining the hypotheses to determine the main effects, contrast coefficients suitable for each hypothesis were created and contrast analysis was performed. In the study, some of the data obtained from the cotton trials conducted in the Field Crops Department of the KSU Faculty of Agriculture were used with permission. Cotton varieties, years and interaction effects were evaluated using the R and SPSS 21.0 package programs. With the use of contrast, while performing two-factor analysis, first the main effects were investigated and then the interaction effects were investigated. Among the estimates made with 1 degree of freedom within the main effect A, the contrast estimation showed the greatest effect (rcontrast=0.7901). Later, among the estimates made with 1 degree of freedom within the main effect B, the contrast estimation showed the greatest effect (rcontrast=0.6370). Likewise, when looking at the interaction effects, it is seen that the effect of the contrast estimation (rcontrast=0.4388) shown by the quadratic effect of is more important, that is, the quadratic effect is more important. As a result, this study showed the researchers where the main effects were found when the average differences in factorial designs were analyzed and gave detailed information about their effect sizes.
Mikroekstraksiyon Yöntemi ile Su Numunelerinde Paladyumun Spektrofotometrik Tayini
Authors: BAHADIR Zekeriyya
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada, Pd2+ iyonlarının iyodür (I-) ile PdI42- kompleksi oluşturarak, heksadesiltrimetilamonyum bromür (CTAB) yardımıyla kloroform fazına taşındığı ve spektrofotometre ile tayin edildiği bir mikroekstraksiyon yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Ekstraksiyon verimliliğini etkileyen, pH, heksadesiltrimetilamonyum bromür konsantrasyonu, potasyum iyodür konsantrasyonu, kloroform hacmi ve yabancı iyon etkisi gibi deneysel parametreler optimize edilmiştir. Optimize edilen şartlarda paladyum için tayin sınırı 19 µg L-1, bağıl standart sapma %2,1 ve zenginleştirme faktörü ise 10 olarak bulunmuştur. Geliştirilen metodun doğruluğu, gerçek numunelere ekleme/geri kazanım testleriyle belirlenmiştir. Bu metot %94-106 geri kazanım değerleriyle, dere ve deniz suyu numunelerinde paladyum ekstraksiyonu ve tayini için başarıyla uygulanmıştır.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Çoruh River (Turkey)
Authors: AKKAN Tamer , MUTLU Tanju
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada Çoruh Nehri'nden toplanan su, askıda katı madde ve sediment örneklerinin kirlilik değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu amaç için toplanan numunelerde alüminyum, krom, manganez, demir, kobalt, nikel, bakır, çinko, kadmiyum ve kurşun konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde su ve sediment kalite indeksleri kullanılmıştır. Su kalitesi indeks değerleri incelendiğinde nehrin kötü su kalitesi sınıfında olduğu belirlendi. Sediment zenginleştirme faktörüne göre krom ve nikel açısından düşük düzeyde zenginleşme, manganez, demir ve kobalt için değiştirilebilir derecede zenginleşme, bakır ve çinko için önemli derecede zenginleşme, kadmiyum ve kurşun için çok yüksek düzey zenginleşmeye tespit edilmiştir. Kirlilik yükleme indeksi sonuçları da sediment kalitesinin bozulduğunu ve yüksek metal yüküne sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Sedimentteki bu kirlilik faktörlerinin nedeninin bölgedeki madencilik faaliyetlerinden kaynaklandığını düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Çoruh Nehri'nin su ve sediment kalitesinin düzenli bir izleme programı ile izlenmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir.
Ultrasonik Muayene Prob Çaplarının Darbe Yankı Değerine Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: GÖRGÜN Emre
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı ultrasonik muayene yönteminde kullanılan probların kristal çapları ve frekans değerlerinin darbe yankı değeri ile ilişkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Ultrasonik muayene yöntemi tahribatsız muayene yöntemlerinden bir tanesi olarak bilinmektedir. Bu yöntem sayesinde muayenesi yapılacak malzemeye zarar vermeden malzeme içerisinde bulunan süreksizler tespit edilebilmektedir. Piezoelektrik malzemelerin ürettiği ses dalgalarının malzeme yüzeyine gönderilmesi ve tersinir olarak gelen ses dalgalarının okunması prensibi ile çalışmaktadır. İnsan kulağının duyamayacağı aralıklarda ses frekansları kullanılır, bu frekans değerleri malzemenin yapısına ve muayene edilecek ortama göre değişkenlik gösterirken genel olarak 1MHz ile 4MHz arasında değişmektedir. Çalışmamızda malzeme olarak tren tekerlekleri tercih edilmiştir. Tren tekerlekleri orta karbonlu çelik malzemeden dövme yöntemi ile üretilmektedir. İşletme sırasında dinamik zorlanmalara maruz kalan tren tekerleklerinin muayeneleri büyük önem arz etmektedir. Tren tekerlekleri üzerinde delik delme yöntemi ile 3mm çapında yapay hatalar oluşturulmuştur. Üzerinde yapay hataların bulunduğu tren tekerleklerine 3 farklı çap ve 3 farklı frekans değerlerine sahip problar ile muayene gerçekleştirilmiştir. Probların aynı baskı kuvveti ile malzeme yüzeyine temas etmesi için yaylı bir düzenek hazırlanmıştır. Toplam 6 farklı deney grubu ile 9 adet test gerçekleştirilmiş ve veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Problardan gelen verilen ses dalgaları db birimi olarak kaydedilmiştir. Literatürde prob seçiminde temel parametre her ne kadar probların frekansı gibi görülse de farklı prob çaplarının muayene hassasiyetine etkisinin olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Prob çapları ile gelen ses dalgaları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesinde IBk algoritması kullanılmıştır. Bu algoritma öznitelik uzayındaki en yakın eğitim örneklerine dayanarak nesnelerin sınıflandırılması prensibine dayanmaktadır. IBk algoritması kullanılarak yapılan model de prob çapı ile darbe yankı değerinin arasında %89 gibi yüksek bir oranda ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu değer prob seçiminde ana parametre olarak kabul edilmeyen prob çaplarının darbe yankı değeri ile ilişkisinin gösterilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir.
Farklı Metal/n-Si Kontakların Sayısal Olarak Modellenmesi ve Simülasyonu
Authors: KAHVECİ Osman , KAYA Mehmet Fatih
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada, Al, Mo, Cu ve Ag metalleri ile n-tipi Si yarıiletkeni kullanılarak farklı metal/yarıiletken kontak yapısı modellenmiştir. Kontakların 0-0.25 V aralığında ileri beslem yarı logaritmik akım-gerilim karakteristiği termiyonik emisyon teorisi kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Kontak modellerin metalin iş fonksiyonuna bağlı olarak engel yükseklikleri ve idealite faktörleri hesaplanmıştır. En düşük engel yüksekliği 0.64 eV olarak Al/n-Si model kontak için, en büyük engel yüksekliği ise 0.82 eV olarak Ag/n-Si model kontak için hesaplanmıştır. Kontak modelleri ayrı hacimsel hücrelere bölünerek bir ağ oluşturma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece akım iletimi sırasında, kontak geometrisi boyunca, yüzeyin elektron konsantrasyonu, hol konsantrasyonu ve elektriksel potansiyel değişimleri modellenerek farklı parametrelerin etkileri simule edilerek kontağın üzerindeki değişimleri incelenmiştir.
Cyprinus carpio Karaciğer Dokusu Yağ Asidi İçeriğinin Mevsimsel Değişimi
Authors: KAÇAR Semra , BAŞHAN Mehmet
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada, dişi ve erkek C. carpio’nun karaciğer dokusu yağ asidi bileşiminin mevsime bağlı değişimleri araştırılmıştır. Balıkların kas dokusu total lipit yağ asidi kompozisyonları; yağ asidi standartları kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Tüm mevsimlerde C. carpio’nun karaciğer dokusundaki total lipitlerde SFA (doymuş yağ asitleri) içinde temel bileşen 16:0, MUFA (tekli doymamış yağ asitleri) içinde 16:1n-7 ve 18:1n-9, PUFA (çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri) içinde EPA ve DHA olmuştur. Balığın karaciğer dokusundaki TAG (triaçilgliserol) ve PL (fosfolipid) yağ asidi içeriklerinin farklı olduğu bulunmuştur. Balıkların karaciğer dokusunda baskın yağ asitleri; üreme, sıcaklık ve mevsime bağlı olarak değişmiştir. C. carpio’nun her iki eşeyinin total lipitlerinde n-3/n-6 oranı; karaciğer dokusunda 1.33-2.55 aralığında tespit edilmiştir.
Eco-conscious and green consumption of FMCG hair care products in Pest County, Hungary
Authors: Breczku Anna Mária
Published: June 2022

This research examines Hungarian customers’ eco-conscious consumption in the sector of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods, namely hair care products. The research provides an introduction to eco-consciousness and sustainability and discusses climate change and controversial opinions on plastic packaging. To receive a wider overview of the behaviour of customers, questions have been formed to lead the research. For instance, how open Hungarian consumers are to sustainable consumption, how much are they influenced by the knowledge they have about environmental problems and climate change, and what changes they have already made to develop eco-conscious purchasing habits. To reach enough participants, the researcher used a questionnaire and analysed its answers in an attempt to answer the research questions. For obtaining more personal and deeper opinions, the research had several personal interviews with participants from different age and gender groups, and asked them about their habits, regarding the consumption of eco-conscious hair care consumption. Furthermore, the researcher also had an interview with a member of Schwarzkopf Professional Hungary. The results of the research reveal that consumers exhibit a high-level environmental awareness, and they are conscious of their purchasing habits, but they lack the motivation to make changes in their purchasing habits. On the other hand, price is an important factor in decision-making, thus there is a lack of sustainable options to choose from.
Japan’s Humanitarian Aid to Jordan and the Transformation of Aid Identities and Practices in New Security Challenges
Authors: Kikkawa Takuro
Published: June 2022

This study measures the changing nature of humanitarian, economic, and development assistance from Japan to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan since the 20th century. First, the research summarises the history of Japanese aid to Jordan from the 1970s. Secondly, we explain how the transformation of Japan’s foreign policy since the 1990s has affected its assistance in Jordan. The following sections detail how the concept of human security has been infused into Japanese foreign policy, how changes in Japan’s post–Cold War security environment in East Asia have led to the incorporation of security-related issues in the aid provided to Jordan, and which assistance also needed to respond to a rapidly deteriorating regional security environment. Finally, concerning a recent case study, we detail the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on Japan’s development assistance in Jordan. Another factor noted here is the rapid rise of China’s presence in the Middle East and its influence on Official Development Assistance (ODA) in Jordan. Interestingly, these new issues emanating from outside the region have had little impact on Japan’s aid to Jordan.
Promotion of Chinese platform-based supply chains in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Fu Yingjie
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on the ways COVID-19 has facilitated the development of platform-based supply chains. Platform-based supply chains are of great research value as a new direction for supply chain development, especially in China. The first part of the paper summarizes the characteristics of the COVID-19 era around the world, the second part points out the situation of platform-based supply chains in China, and the third part analyses the promotion effect of the epidemic. As platform-based supply chains are still at an emerging stage, there are very few analyses and theoretical studies on their operation models, and for this reason this paper lacks empirical data.
Evolution of the elephants of the mammoth lineage in the Northern Caucasus (Russia) in the Pliocene and Pleistocene
Authors: Maschenko E.N.
Published: June 2022

The Northern Caucasus (Russia) was an area of distribution of the elephants of the mammoth lineage (genus Archidiskodon Pohlig, 1885) from the Pliocene (early/?middle Villafranchian) to the early Pleistocene (Bicharian). The reexamination of the type specimen of Archidiscodon gromovi Alexeeva et Garutt, 1965 has demonstrated that it does not differ from A. meridionalis (Nesti, 1825) in structure of M3 and, therefore, should be considered a junior synonym of the latter species. M3/m3 structure of the oldest Archidiskodon from Sablino pit (lower layer) differs from those of Archidiscodon from the Apsheronian (late Villafrancian), that allows to establish Archidiskodon from Sablino pit as a new species – A. garutti sp. nov. M3/m3 structure of «A. gromovi» has variations which appeared due to use of a mixed sample, consisting of specimens of A. meridionalis and A. garutti sp. nov. This study improves diagnosis of A. meridionalis and clarifies systematic position of Mammuthus rumanus (Stefanescu, 1924), which is considered as Elephas antiquus rumanus. Part of material, previously assigned to Mammuthus rumanus, is considered as Archidiskodon sp. Thus, the elephants of the mammoth lineage in the Northern Caucasus were represented by two successive species: Archidiscodon garutti sp. nov. and A. meridionalis (A. m. meridionalis, A. m. tamanensis). The chronological distribution of the genus Archidiskodon in the Northern Caucasus covers interval of about 2 millions years (about 3.0–1.25 millions years BP; middle/late? Akchagylian – early Apsheronian, roughly corresponds to the middle – late Villafranchian and, possibly, Biharian).
The first data on international multicenter clinical study RheoSTAT-CP0691 on the efficacy and safety of Rheosorbilact® infusion in therapy of purulent peritonitis
Authors: Agop S , Sharipova V , Kashibadze K , Vashadze D , Tevdoradze V , Kolosovich I , Peev S , Ligonenko A , Cojocaru V , Bely A
Published: June 2022

Generalized forms of peritonitis are a major factor leading to non-traumatic mortality in all cases of emergency care and the second leading cause of sepsis in critically ill patients. Objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multicomponent infusion solution Reosorbilact in the treatment of patients diagnosed with purulent peritonitis. An international multicenter randomized study included 181 patients aged from 18 to 60 years with a diagnosis of purulent peritonitis. Patients received therapy with Reosorbilact according to the prescribing information for use. The primary endpoint of the effectiveness was change in SOFA scale on day 3 of therapy. Changes in APACHE II, SAPS II, MODS, and MPI scores as well as changes in endogenous intoxication markers on day 3 of therapy were considered as secondary endpoints. Safety was assessed by analysis of adverse events (AE) and vital signs after 3 days of therapy. On day 3 of treatment with Reosorbilact statistically significant changes were observed in SOFA (1.80 ± 0.91 points), MODS (1.45 ± 0.76 points) and MPI (1.84 ± 5.03 points) scales. There was a statistically significant improvement in markers of endogenous intoxication (creatinine, bilirubin, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) on day 3 of treatment. The majority of AE (98.99 %) were mild. No AE were associated with the study preparation and did not result in the patient’s withdrawal from the study. According to the results of RheoSTAT-CP0691, Rheosorbilact is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of patients with purulent peritonitis. It is advisable to include Rheosorbilact in routine treatment algorithms for patients with purulent peritonitis.
A Framework for Social Science in Epidemics
Authors: Ripoll Santiago , Wilkinson Annie , Abbas Syed , MacGregor Hayley , Hrynick Tabitha , Schmidt-Sane Megan
Published: June 2022

In epidemic preparedness and response, it is now commonly accepted that insights from social science disciplines are important in shaping action. Unfortunately, the role of social science is often confined to risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) efforts. In this article, we propose an analytical framework that would allow researchers and practitioners from different disciplines to employ social science insights to enrich their understanding of epidemics and formulate more effective and sustainable responses. The framework goes beyond simply unpacking social, political, economic and cultural dimensions of context; it situates disease itself – as it is shaped by the contexts in which it circulates – and views it in dynamic relation to response. It also explores how different individuals, social groups and institutions shift their knowledge and practices during an epidemic through power-laden processes of dialogue and learning, or even through silencing and side-lining. It is our hope that this framework will enable responders to engage more deeply and systematically with the contexts of emergencies, so as to ensure activities are more adaptive to local dynamics.
Anthropological Responses to COVID-19 in the Philippines
Authors: Lasco Gideon
Published: June 2022

This article reflects on the roles anthropologists have played in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, and identifies the challenges – from the methodological to the political – they faced in fulfilling these roles. Drawing on the author’s personal and professional experiences in the country, as well as on interviews with other anthropologists, this article identifies three major roles for anthropologists: conducting ethnographic research; bearing witness to the pandemic through first-person accounts; and engaging various publics. All these activities have contributed to a greater recognition of the role of the social sciences in health crises, even as anthropologists struggle to gain the same legitimacy as their clinical and public health counterparts. The article concludes by making recommendations that can better prepare local anthropologists in responding to future health crises.
Indigenous Leadership, Anthropology and Intercultural Communication for COVID-19 Response in the Rio Negro Indigenous Territory, Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Ramos Danilo Paiva , Shankland Alex , Barreto Domingos , Athias Renato
Published: June 2022

Around the world, Indigenous groups have been among the communities most severely affected by COVID-19, and the ability of health systems and social policy responses to support Indigenous responses to the pandemic has been affected by challenges of intercultural communication, sometimes compounded by racist and exclusionary social and political attitudes. The Brazilian Amazon has been a particularly extreme case. This article reflects on the experience of a group of Indigenous leaders and non-Indigenous anthropologists working to promote intercultural approaches to epidemic response in the Rio Negro region of Northwestern Amazonia. It brings together findings from in-person fieldwork on Indigenous responses to infectious disease outbreaks that affected the region before the COVID-19 pandemic and from remote research on COVID-19 response conducted in 2020 and 2021.
Understanding the Broader Impacts of COVID-19 on Women and Girls in the DRC through Integrated Outbreak Analytics to Reinforce Evidence for Rapid Operational Decision-Making
Authors: Carter Simone , Scott Moncrieff Izzy , Akilimali Pierre Z. , Kazadi Dieudonné Mwamba , Grépin Karen A.
Published: June 2022

Whilst men and boys account for more COVID-19 cases and deaths, the secondary impacts of the outbreak on women and girls in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are cross-cutting and far-reaching. School closures put girls at increased risk of adolescent pregnancy, sexual violence and early marriage; more women working in the informal sector have lost jobs and been affected by closures of markets and borders; and frequent restrictions on sexual and reproductive healthcare have impacted access to services for women. Lessons learnt from previous health crises can help to highlight the extent of these issues. However, a lack of sex disaggregated data around COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in the DRC means that it is impossible to fully measure and understand the impact of the outbreak on women and girls or develop and implement appropriate interventions. This article presents a metasynthesis of existing and ongoing analyses to highlight the broader impacts of COVID-19 on women and girls in the country.