bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coaction effect of radiative and non-radiative damping on the lifetime of localized surface plasmon modes in individual gold nanorods
Authors: Qin Yulu , Xu Yang , Ji Boyu , Song Xiaowei , Lin Jingquan
Published: February 2023

Revealing the coaction effect of radiative and non-radiative damping on the lifetime of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) mode is a prerequisite for the applications of LSPR. Here, we systematically investigated the coaction effect of radiative and non-radiative damping on the lifetime of the super-radiant and sub-radiant LSPR modes of gold nanorods using time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy (TR-PEEM). The results show that the lifetime of the LSPR mode depends on the length of the gold nanorod, and the different variation behavior of an LSPR mode lifetime exists between the super-radiative mode and the sub-radiative one with the increase of nanorod length (volume). Surprisingly, it is found that the lifetime of the super-radiant LSPR mode can be comparable to or even longer than that of the sub-radiant LSPR mode, instead of the usual claim that a sub-radiant LSPR mode has a longer life than the super-radiant mode. Those TR-PEEM experimental results are supported by finite-difference time-domain simulations and are well explained by the coaction effect with the calculation of the radiative and non-radiative damping rate with the increase of the nanorod volume. We believe that this study is beneficial to build a low-threshold nano-laser and ultrasensitive molecular spectroscopy system.
Tailoring the escape rate of a Brownian particle by combining a vortex flow with a magnetic field
Authors: Abdoli I. , Löwen H. , Sommer J.-U. , Sharma A.
Published: February 2023

The probability per unit time for a thermally activated Brownian particle to escape over a potential well is, in general, well-described by Kramers’s theory. Kramers showed that the escape time decreases exponentially with increasing barrier height. The dynamics slow down when the particle is charged and subjected to a Lorentz force due to an external magnetic field. This is evident via a rescaling of the diffusion coefficient entering as a prefactor in the Kramers’s escape rate without any impact on the barrier-height-dependent exponent. Here, we show that the barrier height can be effectively changed when the charged particle is subjected to a vortex flow. While the vortex alone does not affect the mean escape time of the particle, when combined with a magnetic field, it effectively pushes the fluctuating particle either radially outside or inside depending on its sign relative to that of the magnetic field. In particular, the effective potential over which the particle escapes can be changed to a flat, a stable, and an unstable potential by tuning the signs and magnitudes of the vortex and the applied magnetic field. Notably, the last case corresponds to enhanced escape dynamics.
Flow in multi-layered vegetated compound channels with different bank slopes
Authors: Barman Jyotirmoy , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: February 2023

Bank angle and floodplain vegetation emergence determine the flow nature in a compound channel. Two sets of 45° and 90° bank angle compound channel is considered in the present work. Each set considers three cases of vegetation arrangements: no vegetation, multi-layered fully submerged, and multi-layered partially emergent. The flow characteristics like velocity, Reynolds shear stress (RSS), and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) do not vary much in the cross section in the absence of vegetation. However, with vegetation, the slopes and nearby region are affected the most as it acts as an intermediary region between the main channel and floodplain. An analysis of the anisotropic invariant map shows the dominance of the transverse component in the slopes compared to the main channel and floodplain. The velocity in and around the slopes is higher for steep slopes (90°) compared to a gradual slope (45°) compound channel. The streamwise RSS and bursting events also show higher magnitude near the channel bed in and around the sloping region. This indicates the instability of the steep banks compared to gradual bank slopes. The increase in floodplain vegetation emergence also affects the slopes. The magnitude of RSS and TKE in the slopes is higher with greater vegetation emergence in the floodplain. This shows the higher vulnerability of the slopes in the presence of higher vegetation emergence. From the hydraulic engineering perspective, this study will be helpful in the field of understanding the failure of banks and ways to maintain their stability.
Ciprofloxacin properties, impacts, and remediation
Authors: Gauba Pammi , Saxena Arushi
Published: February 2023

The discovery of antibiotics has led to a major development in providing treatment for different types of bacterial infections. Among the numerous types of antimicrobial agents used, fluoroquinolones have shown potential activity against various harmful pathogens, which cause various kinds of infections pertaining to skin, urinary tract, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract as well as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Among all classes of fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin is the most used and shows broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The pharmacokinetic profile is higher in comparison with other antibiotics. It inhibits DNA replication and transcription. Although the use of ciprofloxacin has helped in decreasing the death rate, its increased usage has caused escalated contamination in soil and water. This has severely affected humans, plants, animals, and microbes. As ciprofloxacin does not immediately biodegrade, therefore, it can easily be found in soil and water sources. The toxicity of ciprofloxacin causes the development of resistance and the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress among living organisms. It also impacts the reproductive system of fishes and amphibians and plant physiology. In order to remediate the antibiotics from the environment a recent technique, phytoremediation has attracted researchers, which may provide a method for the removal of antibiotics. The present review focuses on the physical and pharmacokinetics properties of ciprofloxacin, its action mechanism, its toxicological effects, effect on microbial community, and various other living organisms along with a discussion of remediation of ciprofloxacin.
Voy a tocarte toa: preferences for sexist music and sexist attitudes predict unwanted sexual attention harassment (Voy a tocarte toa: las preferencias para la música sexista y las actitudes sexistas predicen atención sexual no deseada)
Authors: Saldarriaga Laura , Richter-Sotero Anna , Bohner Gerd
Published: February 2023

The music genres reggaeton and dembow have attained worldwide popularity. Their song lyrics and music videos often display sexually explicit contents, conveying the sexual objectification and degradation of women. To test possible effects of this content on sexually harassing behaviour, Dominican males were randomly assigned to watch reggaeton music videos ( n = 34), dembow music videos ( n = 31) or no videos ( n = 32). Afterwards, two forms of sexually harassing behaviour towards a (computer-simulated) woman, gender harassment and unwanted sexual attention, were assessed using a computer chat paradigm. Participants’ short-term mating orientation, hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes, acceptance of modern myths about sexual aggression (AMMSA), music preferences and previous exposure to sexist music were also assessed. Results did not show any effects of the music video manipulation on harassing behaviour but revealed correlational links among music preferences, short-term mating orientation, AMMSA, sexist attitudes and displays of unwanted sexual attention. Results are discussed in relation to previous research on the effects of music and attitudinal predictors of sexual harassment conducted in Europe and the USA.
On the gravitational collapse in 4-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Hassannejad R , Sadeghi A , Shojai F
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we treat 4-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity as general relativity with an effective stress-energy tensor. We will study the modified Oppenheimer–Snyder–Datt model of the gravitational collapse of a star in a 4-dimensional EGB black hole (BH). The inside geometry of the star is described by the spatially flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric and the matter is distributed uniformly without any pre-assumption about its equation of state. The exterior EGB BH is smoothly matched to the interior geometry without the requirement of any thin shell. This gives the energy density, pressure, and the equation of state of collapsing matter. At the end, we study the time evolution of event and apparent horizons.
Time domain ptychographic full field optical coherence tomography
Authors: Li Jinxi , Bai Xing , Yang Zhongzhuo , Wang Yujie , Chen Xingyu , Zhou Xin
Published: February 2023

Full field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) has the advantage of ultrahigh lateral resolution (∼1 µm) resulting from a relatively high numerical aperture (NA) micro objective. However, usually the field of view of micro objective is limited. Furthermore, in vivo imaging, significant motion artifacts limit the performance of traditional FF-OCT where the quality of the restored image is generally degraded due to the influence of motion artifacts. In this paper, we propose a method of edge-preserving ptychography based on dual-balanced time domain FF-OCT, which we can call it time-domain ptychography full field optical coherence tomography (TD-POCT). The method combines the advantages of both ptychography and dual-balanced FF-OCT, which can overcome the limitation of the field for view of micro objective and suppresses motion blur. Moreover, this method can recover not only the amplitude of each layer, but also the phase information. So in addition to tomography, the system can also be used for surface 3D object reconstruction. Numerical simulation verifies that both the horizontal and vertical resolution can reach a few microns.
Optimal impurity distribution model and experimental verification of variation of lateral doping termination
Authors: Ren Min , Ye Chang-Yu , Zhou Jian-Yu , Zhang Xin , Zheng Fang , Ma Rong-Yao , Li Ze-Hong , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2023

Based on the charge balance principle, an optimal impurity distribution variation of lateral doping termination (OID-VLD) and its ion-injection mask design method are proposed and verified. The comparative simulations and experiments show that OID-VLD can achieve better blocking ability and reliability than the traditional VLD (T-VLD). Vertical double diffusion MOSFET (VDMOS) with OID-VLD achieved breakdown voltage (BV) of 1684 V and passed the 168 hours 100 °C–110 °C–120 °C–125 °C high-temperature reverse bias (HTRB) test, while VDMOS with T-VLD obtained BV of 1636 V and failed in the 20 hours 120 °C HTRB test.
A SiC asymmetric cell trench MOSFET with a split gate and integrated p+-poly Si/SiC heterojunction freewheeling diode
Authors: Jiang Kaizhe , Zhang Xiaodong , Tian Chuan , Zhang Shengrong , Zheng Liqiang , He Rongzhao , Shen Chong
Published: February 2023

A new SiC asymmetric cell trench metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) with a split gate (SG) and integrated p+-poly Si/SiC heterojunction freewheeling diode (SGHJD-TMOS) is investigated in this article. The SG structure of the SGHJD-TMOS structure can effectively reduce the gate-drain capacitance and reduce the high gate-oxide electric field. The integrated p+-poly Si/SiC heterojunction freewheeling diode substantially improves body diode characteristics and reduces switching losses without degrading the static characteristics of the device. Numerical analysis results show that, compared with the conventional asymmetric cell trench MOSFET (CA-TMOS), the high-frequency figure of merit (HF-FOM, R
on,sp × Q
gd,sp) is reduced by 92.5%, and the gate-oxide electric field is reduced by 75%. In addition, the forward conduction voltage drop (V
F) and gate-drain charge (Q
gd) are reduced from 2.90 V and 63.5 μC/cm2 in the CA-TMOS to 1.80 V and 26.1 μC/cm2 in the SGHJD-TMOS, respectively. Compared with the CA-TMOS, the turn-on loss (E
on) and turn-off loss (E
off) of the SGHJD-TMOS are reduced by 21.1% and 12.2%, respectively.
Impact of low-dose radiation on nitrided lateral 4H-SiC MOSFETs and the related mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Wen-Hao , Zhu Ma-Guang , Yu Kang-Hua , Li Cheng-Zhan , Wang Jun , Xiang Li , Wang Yu-Wei
Published: February 2023

Lateral type n-channel 4H-SiC metal--oxide--semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), fabricated using a current industrial process, are irradiated with gamma rays at different irradiation doses in this paper to carry out a profound study on the generation mechanism of radiation-induced interface traps and oxide trapped charges. Electrical parameters (e.g., threshold voltage, subthreshold swing and channel mobility) of the device before and after irradiation are investigated, and the influence of the channel orientation (

[
1

1
¯

00
]

and

[
11

2
¯

0
]

) on the radiation effect is discussed for the first time. A positive threshold voltage shift is observed at very low irradiation doses (< 100 krad (Si)); the threshold voltage then shifts negatively as the dose increases. It is found that the dependence of interface trap generation on the radiation dose is not the same for doses below and above 100 krad. For irradiation doses < 100 krad, the radiation-induced interface traps with relatively high generation speeds dominate the competition with radiation-induced oxide trapped charges, contributing to the positive threshold voltage shift correspondingly. All these results provide additional insight into the radiation-induced charge trapping mechanism in the SiO2/SiC interface.
A novel recovery strategy from commutation failures considering the frequency constraints of receiving-end system
Authors: Zhang Xiaodi , Gao Qiang , Dan Yangqing , Zhou Yongzhi
Published: February 2023

Commutation failure (CF) threatens system safety with traditional HVDCs. To improve the recovery performance from CF, a novel recovery strategy is proposed, where a dynamic current ramp limiter is introduced to reduce the probability of current overshot during the recovery. The dynamic ramp limiter is designed based on the idea of judging the system recovery state by the dc current level, where a high level corresponds to a high risk of CF. The ramp limit is calculated by the frequency constraint of ac systems. Case studies based on a real-world system are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the results show that the proposed method can improve the recovery performance and avoid the continuous CFs.
Research on the capacity allocation of basin hydropower-photovoltaic-storage hybrid power generation system based on flexibility of hydropower and pumped storage power stations
Authors: Lu Ying , Gu Jiaping , Li Liang , Zhou Jia , Zhang Shikai
Published: February 2023

The development and utilization of basin hydropower-photovoltaic-storage integrated energy system aim to smooth out the fluctuation of new energy generation capacity with the regulating ability of hydropower and pumped-storage power station, thus promoting the large-scale consumption of new energy. For regions rich in water, wind, solar, and pumped-storage resources, the main problem is how to allocate a reasonable scale of photovoltaic and wind power projects according to the scale of regional hydropower and pumped-storage power stations and realize the integrated development of multi-energy complementary. In this paper, based on the complementary power output characteristics of cascaded hydropower stations and regional photovoltaic power stations, and the good energy storage regulation of pumped-storage power stations, a capacity optimization model of basin hydropower-photovoltaic-storage hybrid power generation system with the goal of economic optimization under multiple constraints is constructed. It was applied to the planning and construction of the clean energy base in the Tibet-Sichuan section upstream of the Jinsha River, and the combined operation of the hydropower-photovoltaic-storage hybrid power generation system was analyzed to verify its feasibility.
Research on Improved Sag Control-based Microgrid Controller Strategy
Authors: Luo Long , Liu Na
Published: February 2023

Firstly, the basic equivalent model of inverter parallel connection is briefly introduced, and then the basic working principle of sag control is described. The sag control has a certain effect on the regulation of reactive power and active power, but when the line impedance is not equal, the reactive power distribution among the inverters cannot be reasonably dispatched and distributed. The robustness of the system is verified.
Lightning Fault Location of 10kV Distribution Network With Multistage Branch Lines
Authors: Liu Anjiang , Feng Ruifa , Zhang Yang , Liao Minchuan , He Xiaomeng , Qu Lu , Xiao Xiaobing
Published: February 2023

With the continuous expansion of the distribution network scale, the multi-level branch line of the distribution network has been widely used because of its economic and flexible power supply. However, multi-level branch lines also make fault location more challenging. This paper proposes a lightning fault location method for distribution networks with multi-level branch lines. Firstly, the distribution network is divided into several areas, and the lightning strike area is judged by the polarity of the lightning current on the line. Then, according to the number of current monitoring terminals in the lightning strike area, the appropriate lightning location determination matrix is selected. This method not only takes into account the shunting effect of many branch lines in the distribution network on the lightning current of the main line, but also considers the lightning fault location on the secondary branch line. It is beneficial to improve the lightning fault location finding, patrol inspection, and rapid power supply recovery of complex distribution lines in mountainous areas, reduce the burden of personnel, and improve the intelligent and digital level of distribution lines.
Analytic Interval Prediction of Power System Dynamic under Interval Uncertainty
Authors: Zhu Lixuan , Ju Ping , Yu Yiping
Published: February 2023

With widespread access to renewable energy sources and active loads such as electric vehicles, uncertainty problems have gradually become a prominent problem in the power system. However, the conventional stochastic differential equation (SDE) model is not comprehensive in describing the randomness of disturbances, and the solution of novel models generally relies on numerical calculations. To improve the modeling accuracy and the calculation effectiveness, this paper utilizes intervals to model stochastic continuous disturbances and proposes an analytic method based on Taylor series expansion to predict the dynamic response of the power system under interval uncertainty, which may provide a reference for the small disturbance stability analysis of the power system. Furthermore, in order to apply to a more general situation, the case of continuous intervals is considered, and the analytic results are obtained, by which the superposition principle applicable to intervals is summarized. The comparison with the Monte Carlo method and the responses from actual wind power data verify the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method.
Research on redundancy margin analysis method of 10kV regional distribution network based on demand-side response
Authors: Luo Hairong , Li Yongliang , Zhang Qingping , Gao Bo , Li Xuefeng
Published: February 2023

The current status of the regional 10kV distribution network has problems such as the unreasonable capacity declaration, capacity redundancy, and line margin reduction due to a large number of distributed PV and electric vehicle access. In this regard, a redundancy margin analysis method of a 10kV regional distribution network based on demand-side response is proposed. The customer distribution substation power consumption data and operation data are analyzed to establish a 10kV regional distribution network redundancy margin analysis model, and the model is constrained. In the experiments, the proposed method is verified for analysis accuracy. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the proposed method has a high analytical accuracy for analyzing the redundancy margin of the 10kV regional distribution network.
Fault location discrimination and protection strategy for DC distribution network based on PET
Authors: Liu Zongye , Yu Hongyang , Zhou Ding , Zhang Xiaoyu , Lu Zhengang
Published: February 2023

After the bipolar short circuit fault occurs on the low-voltage DC side of the low-voltage DC distribution network with a power electronic transformer, the fault current amplitude is high and the rise speed is fast, which leads to the rapid locking of power electronic devices, and the loss of fault information of line protection. Based on the multi-branch DC distribution network with CHB-type PET, this paper proposes a fault current limiting strategy. PET starts current limiting measures after detecting the DC side fault, which can provide stable and continuous fault transient information for line protection while providing a small amount of short circuit current. On this basis, using the fault current at both ends of the line, longitudinal polarity protection without strict communication synchronization is proposed. The simulation analysis based on PSCAD/EMTDC software shows that the scheme can realize fast and reliable fault line selection and has strong resistance to transition resistance.
A Bi-objective Optimization Study Based on Elite Selection for Electric Vehicle Charging
Authors: Song Wenbo , Fu LiYou
Published: February 2023

Electric vehicle charging increases the grid-side load, and the safety and economy of grid operation are affected. First, we consider the influence of climatic factors on EV charging and simulate the daily load profile under disorderly charging using the Monte Carlo method. Then, the elite selection is proposed in the context of traditional algorithms to establish a dual-objective optimization model with the minimum peak-to-valley difference on the grid side and the minimum total cost on the customer side. Finally, a city grid is used as an example to verify that the model is effective. The results show that the establishment of a time-of-use tariff for electricity market supply and demand and the use of elite selection bi-objective optimization can reduce peak-to-valley differences and smooth out grid fluctuations, improving the safety and economy of grid operation.
Active learning-based wind turbine failure prediction with consideration of data from different wind farms
Authors: Ren Hui , Xia Jing , Tang Huanxin , Lu Jinling , Zhao Hongshan
Published: February 2023

The SCADA system installed in each wind farm provides real-time and historical data required for fault diagnosis. However, labeling the data requires time and effort. Meanwhile, the performance of failure prediction and diagnostic relies on the volume of labeled failure data. Therefore, a fault diagnosis and prediction scheme for wind turbines based on active learning is proposed. Firstly, historical data from a selected wind turbine is screened out by residual analysis to set up the initial training data sets. Then a classifier is pre-trained by an improved active learning method. The active learning model based on the committee selection (QBC) sampling strategy and random forest (RF) learner is combined to realize the data labeling and, therefore, wind turbine fault detection. Afterward, the pre-trained classifier is applied to different wind turbines in the same/different wind farms to decide their operational status by labeling their operational data. Finally, the labeled data from different resources are fed back to retrain the classifier to improve its performance. Data from the SCADA system of wind turbines of different manufacturers in different wind farms are used as test cases, and simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Anderson-Darling test for ground radar environment sensing
Authors: Liao Jiahao , Liu Shan
Published: February 2023

A clutter distribution identification method based on the AD (Anderson-Darling) goodness-of-fit test is proposed for the environmental perception and clutter distribution identification of ground radar positions, given the current demand for environment perception by position adaptive technology. The method determines which distribution the clutter obeys by comparing the critical value of the corresponding distribution with the AD statistic. The AD test method is improved by proposing a cell averaging method and a critical value unitisation method to address the problem that the AD parameters of the parameters in ground radar echo sample data fluctuate greatly, and the sample data are accepted by multiple distributions. The measured ground radar echo data was recorded and used for identification. The analysis results show that the improved AD test identification method has a better identification effect in the identification of ground radar’s position environment clutter distribution.
Machine Vision-Based Hook Defect Detection
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Guangjun , Wang Yunfei
Published: February 2023

Due to the harsh working environment of crane equipment, regular safety inspection is essential. The hook is one of the most frequently used parts of crane equipment. Therefore, if the hook lacks regular and standardized safety inspection, it can easily cause casualties. However, traditional machine vision techniques still face many challenges, making it difficult to extract the target object from the complex scene. In this paper, we propose a combination of machine vision techniques based on deep learning and traditional methods to extract hooks from complex construction site scenes and detect whether the hooks meet the criteria for proper operation.
Deep Drawing Process Design and Quality Optimization of Mirror Micromotor Shell
Authors: Xie Jiana , Cai Longqiang , Wei Wanzhu , Chen Minsheng , Huang Zhenyuan
Published: February 2023

First of all, a negative clearance deep drawing scheme is proposed for a micromotor shell product with specular surface quality. The negative clearance condition is used to make the material bear strong extrusion and plastic deformation in the deep drawing process so that the mirror surface of the shell is realized, and the surface roughness Ra is below 0.2 mm. Next, a three-step deep drawing forming process is developed, and the negative clearance parameters of each step are designed and optimized. The drawing quality is evaluated by finite element simulation. In addition, the stamping trial-production test is carried out, and the qualified mirror micromotor shell is obtained. Finally, the thickness and roughness test results show that the thinning rate and roughness of the product meet the application requirements. Therefore, the developed drawing process and negative clearance drawing scheme are reasonable.
Performance Optimization of 4-bit Absolute Value Detector Based on Structural Design
Authors: Huang Zhe
Published: February 2023

The demand for high-speed electronics is increasing, so this paper presents a new design for a 4-bit absolute value detector, an introductory module in high-speed electronics, using the basic gate circuit except for the transmission gate. This paper introduces the logical effort theory to calculate the worst-case delay of the designed circuit, combines the designed circuit with the relevant equation of the logical effort theory to analyze the delay influencing factors of the circuit, and verifies that the designed circuit achieves the minimum delay to realize the minimum delay design of the basic module. In this paper, the circuit is divided into an absolute value output device and a numerical comparator, but the topology used is a fusion circuit of these two parts, rather than simply connecting the two parts. This study achieves a branch-free circuit while maintaining the condition of minimizing the critical path.
A method of airport runway dataset construction for the visual detection algorithm
Authors: Weng Xiangrui , Guo Bangjun
Published: February 2023

One of the key technologies for the autonomous landing of fixed-wing UAVs is runway detection and tracking. The survey reveals that there is no publicly available runway image dataset. However, we proposed a new method, which was different from the traditional dataset construction method. In this method, we innovatively combined UE4 (Unreal Engine 4) and Cesium software to construct an airport runway scene closer to the real world. And put forward our own calibration standards in the post-processing of datasets. Based on this method, we also conduct a runway dataset called RAW. Experiments show that this method can be used for Airport runway detection and algorithm validation and has a good effect on the application of visual detection algorithms from simulation to realistic scenarios.
Utilization of coal fly ash to enhance the bearing capacity of road base
Authors: Radwan Ashraf Abdalla M , Satar Mohd Khairul Idham Mohd , Hassan Norhidayah Abdul , Khalifa Nasradeen A , Usman Kabiru Rogo
Published: February 2023

Coal is responsible for the generation of around 38 percent of the power that is used throughout the entire planet. In the last two decades, there has been a rise in the number of chances for recycling and usage of fly ash from coal combustion due to its hydrophobic and cementitious properties. However, there is still limited commercialization of coal fly ash (CFA) in road construction. The focus of this research is to determine the bearing capacity of a CFA-treated crusher run used as a road base course. In order to determine the appropriate percentage of CFA, the crusher run was mixed with various percentages of Class F CFA, including 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The proctor Compaction test (PCT), soaked and unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, and Unconfined Compressive Strength Test (UCST) were then used to evaluate the bearing capacity of the CFA-treated crusher. The result shows that as the percentage of CFA increased, the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) decreased compared with the control specimen. The soaked and unsoaked CBR of the CFA-treated crusher run with 20% CFA increased by approximately 32% and 26% respectively that of the control specimen. Therefore, it is proven that utilization of CFA up to 20% into crusher run could enhance the bearing capacity of the road base.
Assessment on the Climate Change Impact Using CMIP6
Authors: Othman Wan Zunairah , Tukimat Nurul Nadrah Aqilah
Published: February 2023

The impact of global warming is resulting in flood, land slide, soil erosion and drought that are anticipated to become more intense and frequent. The history record shows that the flood has been occur repeatedly in this study area. The study of future climate needs to be done to a greater extent as a planning for the infrastructure and as mitigation actions on flood based on the future climate. The aims of this study, to ascertain the climate projection by CMIP6 are compatible to be subjected for the future climate and to identify the trend of future climate projection in Kemaman, Terengganu. The comprehensive study of future climate that using CMIP6 that consist of SSPs help in providing a clear explanation of future society’s socio-economic appraisal in assessment modelling. The Sen’s Slope Test were used to analyze the trend of future climate projection in this study area. In this study, we found out that the trend of future rainfall is increasing with the positive values of Sen’s Slope Test. Study shows that the Sen’s Slope Test values for eight (8) stations in Kemaman, which is Ban Ho, Hulu Jabor, Rumah Pam Paya Kempian, JPS Kemaman, Klinik Bidan Kg Ibok, SK Kemasek, Jambatan Tebak, and Jambatan Air Putih are 2.381, 1.158, 1.333, 1.252, 2.293, 1.06, 3.113, and 1.961 respectively. The frequency and intensity of forecasting rainfall also increasing compared to the historical data. In conclusion, the proper planning and mitigation action need to be done to minimize the losses that happen due to climate changes impacts.
Effect of Mixing Coffee Husk Ash and as a Cement Replacement on The Strength of Concrete
Authors: Wahyuni  , Zein K.C.S. , Munawir  , Ariadi P. N.
Published: February 2023

Concrete is one of the materials used to strengthen structures. In addition, concrete technology is constantly evolving and is most frequently applied in the construction of buildings. As one of the components of concrete, cement has the potential to harm the environment, from the extraction of raw materials through manufacture to ash pollution. Coffee husks, which are abundant in the Takengon area in the Central Aceh district and are particularly festive, are one among the various organic wastes in Aceh. Silica, a key component in the creation of cement, can be found in coffee residue. In this study, the impact of using fly ash and coffee husk ash in place of OPC cement on concrete’s compressive strength was investigated. The research methodology followed SNI 7656-2012 guidelines. Coffee husk ash was baked for five hours at a temperature between 200 and 250 °C with 5%, 10%, and 15% fly ash by weight of OPC cement. There are 24 cylindrical specimens, each measuring 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. Testing was done on concrete that was 7 and 28 days old. The study’s findings include the concrete’s seven-day age and compressive strengths of 0% (12.27 MPa), 5% (10.52 MPa), 10% (9.99 MPa), and 15%. (9, 09 MPa). Compressive strength with percentages of 0% (21.47 MPa), 5% (13.16 MPa), 10% (10.74 MPa), and 15% at the age of 28 days (5.13 MPa). The designed concrete has a compressive strength of 20 MPa at 28 days of age and a percentage of 0% of 21.47 MPa. The results of testing the compressive strength of concrete show that the lower the percentage of the mixture of coffee husk ash and fly ash, the less compressive strength of the concrete. This is because coffee husk ash contains an excessive amount of silica (SiO2), which prevents cement’s reaction with lime and prevents the concrete mixture from having enough water to achieve maximum bonding.
Adoption of Building Information Modelling In Libyan Construction Firms: A Technological, Organizational, and Environmental (TOE) Perspectives
Authors: Elghdban Mohamed Ghayth , Azmy Nurhidayah , Zulkiple Adnan , Al-Sharafi Mohammed A.
Published: February 2023

Building information modelling (BIM), a recent information technology (IT) innovation in virtual design and construction, has been regarded as the most critical technology in the construction industry over the last decade. As a result, BIM adoption is rapidly increasing; however, this new phenomenon is not spreading as rapidly as it is in emerging regions such as Libya. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect BIM adoption at the organizational level by integrating the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, and the institution theory. The data was gathered through a survey of 411 Libyan construction firms. Partial least squares were used for data analyses and to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that the (Perceived Relative Advantage and Compatibility) related positively to BIM adoption, while complexity related negatively to BIM adoption will top management support positively with Coercive Pressure on the adoption of BIM. The study’s findings provide significant insight into crucial factors that might increase the level of BIM adoption.
Analysis of tsunami disaster mitigation priority on urban area settlement
Authors: Soviana Widya , Munirwansyah  , Syamsidik  , Achmad Ashfa
Published: February 2023

Settlement in coastal areas is at risk of a tsunami disaster. In urban areas, the risk of disaster can be greater than the area behind it. This study aims to analyze the priority of tsunami disaster mitigation based on settlements criteria in urban areas. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire given to experts in the field of disaster mitigation. The research variables consisted of occupancy typology, settlement locations, settlement patterns and density, coastal environment, evacuation routes and evacuation sites. Processing and analyzing data using statistical product and service solution software. The results of the regression analysis obtained that the settlement model Y = 3,055 – 0,410 residential typology + 1,119 settlement locations -0,017 settlement patterns + 1,323 settlement density + 0,040 coastal environment + 0,853 evacuation routes + 0,875 evacuation places. A high correlation was obtained on the location criteria and settlement patterns. Based on the mean value, the criteria for vertical evacuation places have the highest value, so can be recommended as a priority for the tsunami mitigation plan in urban settlements.
Additive manufacturing of AISI 316L specimens with distributed inner bone-type cavities: processability and characterization
Authors: Bregoli C , Buccino F , Picca F , Bagherifard S , Biffi C A , Tuissi A , Vergani L M
Published: February 2023

Bone lacunae are cavities the morphology of which strongly affects the damage propagation inside bone. Nevertheless, the role of eventual variations in their morphological features is not clear yet. In this scenario, the work aims at isolating the effects of lacunar-like pores on the mechanical response of 3D printed samples. The research presents a detailed study on the processability of those cavities by means of laser powder bed fusion process, carefully considers both drawbacks of the process, such as the need of heat treatment to minimize the residual stresses, and the limitation of design constraints, such as the presence of metallic powders trapped inside closed cavities. The identification of the optimized heat treatment is permitted both by X-ray diffractometer analysis and morphological examinations by means of optical and micro-CT investigations of cavities. The selected heat treatment is performed on tensile test samples with lacunar-like cavities to progress with a preliminary mechanical static characterization. Future developments will investigate the fracture modality, both under static and fatigue loadings to comprehend how cavities with different morphology influence the damage propagation.
Fatigue assessment of 3D-printed porous PLA-based scaffold structures by Thermographic Methods
Authors: Ahmadi R , D’Andrea D , Santonocito D
Published: February 2023

Additive manufacturing with Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) provides new opportunities for biomedical applications by manufacturing more complex structure for tissue scaffolds. In contrast to traditionally manufacturing methods such as injection moulding, FDM-made structures are produced with layer-by-layer adhesion mechanism. Moreover, setting different parameters is critically important to obtain reliable components, consequently fatigue analysis of these structures gets complicated. Therefore, a scaffold must be designed to replace human bone and withstand to static and fatigue loads. Although PLA scaffolds fabricated by FDM have been widely investigated, the fatigue behaviors research on them have been narrowly published; therefore, it is necessary to analyze the fatigue behaviour of PLA scaffolds because of their wide application in medical science. In this study, fatigue analysis of scaffolds-like specimens made by PLA is carried out by monitoring the energy release of such structures. Thermographic Methods are applied to obtain, in a short time and with few materials’ consumption, fatigue life information of scaffold-like structures produced with different printing parameters.
Design of hierarchical lattice structures attainable by additive manufacturing techniques
Authors: Musenich L , Stagni A , Libonati F
Published: February 2023

Readiness of new materials that are simultaneously lightweight, damage-resistant, multifunctional, and sustainable is a primary need for many technology sectors. Thanks to additive manufacturing, lattice materials appear to be ideal candidates to meet this challenge. By designing their unit cells and structural organization, multiscale materials with unique combinations of properties can be obtained. Nevertheless, many gaps remain to be filled for their effective and efficient design. Nature, exploiting hierarchical architectures on a material scale, actually amplifies the properties of biological materials and combines them in ways we cannot achieve yet in synthetic materials. In materials design, we are still far from such a level of perfection. To narrow this gap and expand the current knowledge on the effects of hierarchy on the mechanical behaviour of materials, we numerically studied the mechanical response of 3D hierarchical lattice specimens under a four-point bending loading scenario. For this, we selected two types of unit cells with different structural behaviour and combined them together into different specimen topologies. The results show that, through hierarchy, it is possible to tailor lattice material performances, achieving benefits in terms of both specific mechanical properties and multifunctionality. The evidence found opens new horizons for applications such as heat exchangers, mechanical filters, scaffolds, energy storage, and packaging.
Smart design of customized hip prostheses in additive manufacturing by combining numerical and experimental methodologies
Authors: Milone D , Marchis C De , Longo F , Merlino G , D’Agati L , Catelani D , Risitano G
Published: February 2023

Thanks to the development of additive manufacturing techniques, prosthetic surgery has reached increasingly advanced levels, revolutionizing the clinical course of patients with joint arthritis. 3D printing has made it possible to obtain customized prostheses based on patient needs, using high-performance materials. However, wear caused by regular gait activities such as walking, sitting, or running, leads to the deterioration of the material used in the joint. Thus, the use of traditional materials has gradually been replaced with more performing ones which have made it possible to obtain customized devices based on patient needs and, therefore, more effective. Numerical techniques have recently been adopted, such as the Finite Element Method (FEM), to support the experimentation, allowing the calculation of the useful life and the optimization of the prostheses’ functionality to accurately evaluate the distribution of the load on the prosthesis. The present work aims to develop an algorithm that optimizes hip replacement mechanically using a machine learning algorithm coupled with multi-body and finite element model simulations.
A smart tool for the abridged assessment of potential environmental impacts of automotive solutions
Authors: Del Pero F , Barbieri R , Delogu M , Pierini M
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a smart tool to support the determination of sustainability of automotive components. Many research and industrial activities have been concentrated in the field of sustainability of passenger vehicles through the development of smart materials, manufacturing technologies and production processes. However, the environmental impacts quantification phase is always the most difficult and challenging in the design process. Literature and technical regulations provide that the Life Cycle Assessment methodology needs a lot of resources (both human and economic resources) to be implemented because of its complexity. The base idea of this work is to design and realize a tool easy-to-use also by non-LCA experts, with a set of input and output GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces) to make the design process easier also from the point of view of impact characterization. As final result, the conceived method is targeted at representing a simple and ready-to-use tool, which allows the application of eco-design methodologies in the application to the automotive sector.
A test rig for the experimental characterization of the mechanical energy dissipation due to the propagation of elastic waves during the impact of cylinders
Authors: Abruzzo M
Published: February 2023

The proposed work describes the design and construction of an experimental test rig used to quantify the mechanical energy dissipation due to the propagation of elastic waves during the impact of cylinders and validate the background theoretical models. Firstly, the impact of perfectly elastic cylinders is studied using finite element and lumped parameter models. The main result obtained is the coefficient of dissipation, which allows quantifying the total mechanical energy dissipation of the system. Then, the final layout of the test rig designed to reproduce the test conditions of the theoretical models is shown. Two kinds of tests are performed to obtain the energy dissipation of the system with and without impacts. The position of one cylinder during its motion is acquired with an industrial camera. Finally, the experimental results are compared with an analytical model of a nonlinear pendulum and used to quantify the coefficient of dissipation.
Performance of hybrid supercapacitors in the presence of mechanical vibrations for applications of micro-mobility
Authors: Laschi M , Gulino M S , Vangi D
Published: February 2023

Supercapacitors (SCs) have always been regarded as a source of electrical energy storage confined to equipment requiring high power, and particularly high currents, for a few moments. Hybrid SCs characterized by increasingly higher energy densities have been gaining ground. The main advantages of such accumulators are long service life, a high number of cycles which drastically reduces the problem of recycling lithium cells and good operation even at low temperatures. One of the most underestimated aspects, but with an impact on the service life of accumulators, is the mechanical vibration behavior. In micro-mobility vehicles, the battery pack is often attached to the charter, which in turn is not sufficiently dampened for normal road surface conditions. The literature mainly analyses the variation of ESR (internal resistance) as a function of the received vibration dose. In the following work, the impact of mechanical vibrations on the various parameters of an equivalent electrical circuit is assessed using impedance spectroscopy, and how the variation of individual components can influence the performance of a micro-mobility vehicle battery. The reference vibration cycle was realized by sampling a real driving cycle on an electric scooter on various types of urban terrain and was replicated on various types of cells using a shaker.
Active thermography characterization of aerogel materials for vehicle electrification
Authors: Curà F , Sesana R , Dugand M , Corsaro L
Published: February 2023

Aerogel materials are very important in the actual scenario of both vehicle electrification and green mobility. Temperature control and cell physical state of battery packs are relevant for the correct operating conditions of electric systems. As a matter of fact, the achieved temperature inside the battery is a critical parameter to increase the battery performance. Thanks to its physical properties, due to the low thermal conductivity, aerogel materials can store a portion of the thermal energy released during discharging operation and then use it during the runaway one. This way, a passive thermal control increases the whole system performance without any further device. The evaluation of both thermal diffusivity and conductivity of aerogel materials becomes significant from an industrial point of view in order to test different aerogel typologies. Aim of this work was to develop an Active Thermography approach for aerogel testing to determine thermal parameters as diffusivity and conductivity. Experimental data were processed basing on dedicated ISO Standards. These results were also compared to those available in literature.