bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dan Konsumsi Makanan Cepat Saji dengan Kejadian Dismenore pada Remaja Putri
Authors: Ardhia Dara , Izza Shafira Nurul , Rizkia Mira
Published: September 2023

Dismenore atau nyeri saat menstruasi dapat memberikan dampak bagi kualitas hidup wanita terutama remaja putri. Aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi makanan cepat saji merupakan faktor resiko penyebab dismenore. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat adanya hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian dismenore pada remaja dan konsumsi makanan cepat saji dengan kejadian dismenore pada remaja putri SMAN 8 Banda Aceh. Jenis penelian adalah deskriptif koleratif dengan desain cross sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah remaja putri di SMAN 8 Banda Aceh. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah proportional sampling yang berjumlah 177 responden. Alat pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan tiga kuesioner, yaitu Numeric Scale Rating, International Physical Activity Questionnaire dan Food Frequency Questionnaire yang sudah dimodifikasi dan telah dilakukan uji validitas. Analisa data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian dismenore (0,000) dan adanya hubungan tingkat konsumsi makanan cepat saji dengan kejadian dismenore (0,025). Gaya hidup meliputi aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi makanan cepat saji yang buruk dapat menyebabkan dan memperburuk nyeri saat menstruasi. Disarankan kepada remaja putri agar menjaga pola hidup yang baik dan sehat sehingga mengurangi nyeri saat menstruasi serta dapat mencegah terjadinya dismenore.
The Influence of Parents’ Motivation on Anxiety in Tooth Extraction of Students At Elementary School Maryam Surabaya
Authors: Alya Nissah Yudianita  , Ratih Larasati  , Agus Marjianto  , Sri Hidayati
Published: September 2023

Anxiety regarding teeth extraction among Maryam Surabaya Elementary School students is still quite high, at 80%, according to the collection of data. Parental motivation is one of several elements that might lessen student worry. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of parental motivation on anxiety in tooth extraction among Maryam Surabaya Elementary School pupils. This study included cross-sectional analytic methodologies, including simple random sampling and purposive sampling. The research sample consisted of 76 Maryam Surabaya Elementary School students who had got tooth extraction therapy in health services. This study was carried out at Maryam Surabaya Elementary School in January 2023. The spearman rank correlation test was used in data processing and analysis procedures. The study's findings were based on the spearman rank correlation test, which yielded results for parental motivation (mean ± SD 37.95 ± 5.08) and student anxiety (mean ± SD 20.87 ± 10.20). ρ (0.032) < 0.05 was achieved, indicating that H0 is rejected. As a result, it can be inferred that parental motivation has an influence on anxiety in tooth extraction of Maryam Surabaya Elementary School students.
Capacity Building for Adolescent Health Cadres Regarding Adolescent Reproductive Health at The Tawangrejo Health Center Madiun City
Authors: Maria Oktaviani  , Suharto Agung , Nur Hanifah Astin , Santosa Wahito Nugroho Heru
Published: September 2023

Adolescence is a phase of development between childhood and adulthood, lasting between the ages of 12-21 years. Some of the problems faced by adolescent are closely related to reproductive health. Data at the Tawangrejo Health Center for adolescent pregnancy in 2020 were 6 cases, in 2021 were 6 cases, and the first semester of  2022 were 4 cases. The purpose of the study was to determine the increased capacity of adolescent reproductive health pocket book training. The type of research is pre experiment One Group Pre Test - Post Test. The results showed a relationship between the provision of training on adolescent reproductive helath pocket book with increased capacity of adolescent health cadres. The conclusion of this study is that adolescent reproductive health pocket book training is very effective to increase the capacity of adolescent health cadres on adolescent reproductive health.
Duration of Use of KB Injections 3 Months Against Spotting Events in KB Participants
Authors: Saadah Nurlailis , Galuh Mahendra Fresha , Usnawati Nana , Surtinah Nani
Published: September 2023

Spotting is bleeding between 2 menstrual cycles due to hormonal imbalance in the body due to the use of hormonal birth control that is used by the community, namely 3-month injection birth control. Spotting occurs due to an increase in the amount of the hormone progesterone in the body due to injections. This study aimed to determine the effect of the duration of using 3 months of injectable birth control on the incidence of spotting. The research method uses an analytical survey with a retrospective approach. A sample of 246 KB injection participants for 3 months was taken by systematic simple random sampling. Statistical analysis using Fisher's Exact test. The results showed that most of the 3-month injection KB participants who were less than 2 years old experienced spotting side effects, while those who used injection KB for more than 2 years did not experience spotting. A p-value of 0.000 was obtained (p-value <0.05) so that there was an effect of the duration of using 3 months of injection contraception on the incidence of spotting. It is hoped that this research can be used for PUS who will use 3-month injectable birth control or who are currently using 3-month injection birth control as an illustration of the side effects that will be experienced when using 3-month injection birth control, so there are no dropouts and switching to using non-hormonal birth control.
Lead Levels in Hair and Blood of Container Truck Drivers at PT. Trans Indo Sakti Surabaya
Authors: Christyaningsih Juliana , Dewi Amiliya Antika , Puspitasari Ayu
Published: September 2023

Lead is one of the heavy metals used as an additive in gasoline to enhance lubrication and combustion efficiency in motor vehicles, such as container truck drivers, and is commonly found on highways. Truck drivers have a higher tendency to inhale air containing lead while on the road, which can lead to poisoning. Hair and blood can serve as biomarkers of lead exposure in the body. The purpose of this research is to determine the lead levels in the hair and blood of container truck drivers at PT. Trans Indo Sakti Surabaya using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). This research is a descriptive study conducted at the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Surabaya and the Standardization and Industrial Services Center Laboratory in Surabaya from October 2022 to May 2023. The samples used in the study are 15 container truck drivers, selected using purposive sampling technique. This study demonstrates results of the lowest hair lead level value at 0.1936 µg/g and the highest at 3.026 µg/g. Among the respondents, 9 were categorized as having normal levels, while 6 respondents were categorized as having abnormal levels. For the blood samples, the lowest lead level obtained was 0.146 µg/dL and the highest was 3.81 µg/dL. The lead levels are still categorized as normal. The presence of lead in the body is influenced by age, length of employment, duration of work, and smoking habits.
Lead Levels in the Urine of Active Smokers and Passive Smokers in the Surroundings of Wadung Asri Sidoarjo
Authors: Christyaningsih Juliana , Sherly Amri Qonita Salsabilla Amara , Rahayuningsih Christ Kartika
Published: September 2023

An active smoker is someone who smokes cigarettes, resulting in an impact on their health, as well as on passive smokers and the surrounding environment. Smoking exposes individuals to the risk of lead inhalation due to cigarette smoke. Accumulated lead from smoked cigarettes can pose a health risk. This study aimed to identify respondent characteristics and analyze lead levels in both active and passive smokers. The research employed a descriptive approach with quantitative analysis. The sample consisted of urine samples from 20 active and passive smokers in the vicinity of Wadung Asri, selected using purposive sampling. The study was conducted at the Toxicology Laboratory, TLM Department of the Health Polytechnic in Surabaya, and at BARISTAND from October 2022 to May 2023. Based on the characteristics of active and passive smokers, regarding age, those aged 21-44 accounted for 25% of active smokers and 30% of passive smokers, those aged 45-59 constituted 10% in both categories, and those aged 60-74 constituted 15% of active smokers and 10% of passive smokers. The study results revealed that lead levels in the urine of active smokers ranged from a high of 0.1592 µg/mL to a low of 0.0885 µg/mL. Conversely, in passive smokers, lead levels in the urine ranged from a high of 0.0885 µg/mL to a low of 0.000032 µg/mL. Thus, the conclusion drawn from this study is that one respondent exhibited lead levels exceeding the normal threshold of <0.15 µg/mL.
The Quality of Nigeria’s Private Universities
Authors: Erinosho Olayiwola A.
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the quality of private universities in Nigeria. Three private universities were studied two mission-sponsored and one privately-owned — using six indicators of quality assurance as outlined by Ekhaguere (2001) in a similar work on African universities. Collected data indicate that: the institutions offer academic programmes in the sciences, humanities, and most especially, in the social and management sciences; while there is gender parity among students, there is disparity among staff; the mission-established institutions are better positioned to provide quality education. These mission-established universities however, need to strengthen their staff and improve on access to information and communication technologies. There is also room for improvement in the provision of physical facilities. The study concludes that while it may be worthwhile to encourage private investors in higher education, this should not be done at the expense of public universities because the latter’s academic programmes are more diversified than those which are offered by the private universities.
A Webometric Analysis of Nigerian Universities’ Websites
Authors: Nwagwu Williams F.E. , Agarin Omoverere
Published: September 2023

Using the AltaVista search engine, data was collected randomly front 1000 selected websites of 30 Nigerian universities to study the pattern and frequency of out-links and in-links. The websites have a total of 44,567 links, representing an average of 45 links per page. Of these, 81.2 per cent were in-links to other websites (from Nigerian university websites), while 18.8 per cent were out-links from other websites (into Nigerian university websites), The first-generation universities had a higher percentage of links by target web pages (52.6%) than the others, which returned below 50 per cent of the web pages as target pages. The web pages of Nigerian universities did not target the other Nigerian university web pages. Also, the websites seem to link more with non-academic websites than with academic websites. These results show that Nigerian universities do not interlink among themselves and that there exists a low-level of utilization of the web for knowledge dissemination and sharing aniong Nigerian universities and other universities.
Were Public Sector Workers Still Underpaid after the Wage Increase in May 2000?
Authors: Aminu Alarudeen
Published: September 2023

The notion of poor pay in the Nigeria’s public sector is anchored on the existence of higher pay in the comparable private sector and is also premised on the higher real pay levels that prevailed in the past in the sane public sector before the devaluation of the naira. In order to investigate the supposed poor pay in the public sector, the study uses a data set that was collected seven months after the wage review to estimate Mincerian human capital models for urban male employees in the public and private sector. The results suggest that seven months after the pay review, public sector employees should not be described as being poorly paid in comparison with private sector employees. The characterization of the post-May 2000 public sector pay levels as being poor (or not) is based on a comparison of presents wages with the past real pay levels in the public sector Ta cope with an increased public sector wage bill and future wage demand, the study recommends increases in revenue generation, the elimination of ghost workers, retrenchment of redundant employees and the rationalization of government ministries, departments and agencies to make for an equitable and sustainable public sector staff strength/emolument.
Psychological Predictors of Women’s Spiritual Help-seeking Behaviour
Authors: Oladipe S. Ekundayo
Published: September 2023

The fact that more women seek help from spiritual houses than the men has been well supported by literature but little is known about the psychological predictors of women’s spiritual seeking behaviour. The objective of this study is to investigate the psychological predictors of women’s spiritual help-seeking behaviour. Using multivariate ex-post facto design and multistage sampling 400 participants were drawn from the population women help-seekers from 12 spiritual houses in Ibadan metropolis. Their age ranged from 20 and 65. Of the total sample of 208 (82.2%) of the respondents were single (never married) 96(24%) were married (living with their husbands) 68 (16.8%) were divorced; while 28 (6.86) were separated (but still legally married). lowest educational qualification of participants was the senior school certificate, while the highest held PhD. Validated scales were used to collect data which were analyzed with stepwise multiple regression analysis. Thereafter, 2×2 ANOVA was used to analyze hypotheses 1-3 while hypothesis 4 was analyzed with a t-test of independence. The results revealed that psychological variables (the neve fur achievement and health locus of control) jointly, significantly predicted women’s spiritual help-seeking behavionr (p <.O5), If all these variables, however, only the need for achievement independently predicted help-seeking behaviour (p <.O5). Therefore, professionals should pay more attention to the development of specific therapeutic measure that would address problem variables identified in this study, with special consideration to spiritual therapy.
Multiple Pyrethroid Resistance in Urban Male and Female An. gambiae s.l Populations in Ilorin Nigeria: Implications for Swarm Spraying and Toxic Sugar Bait Malaria Vector Control
Authors: Obembe Abiodun , Yahaya Fatima , Oyeniyi Tolulope , Bello Riliwan , Babatunde Yusuf , Ismail Nafisat , Atunshe Ridwan , Abe Oluwatunbi , Martins Ismaila , Oduola Adedayo O.
Published: September 2023

Background: Male mosquito control through swarm spraying and Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) have been identified as potential strategies to complement the regular but insufficient female mosquito-based insecticide-treated net (ITN) approach. However, the effectiveness of these control strategies relies on under-standing the insecticide susceptibility status of the targeted male and female mosquito populations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the insecticide susceptibility status of male and female An. gambiae s.l. Popu-lations in urban Ilorin, Nigeria.

Methods: Using WHO kits and protocol, adult male and female mosquitoes reared from the same larval col-lections from different sites were exposed separately to permethrin, deltamethrin, and alphacypermethrin insecticides. Joint insecticide susceptibility tests, involving exposures of equal numbers of male and female mosquitoes to each insecticide, were also conducted in anticipation of joint insecticide exposure on the field. Exposed mosquitoes were identified to species level.

Results: Higher kdt50s (52.5-641.3mins) and lower mortalities (permethrin 39-62%, deltamethrin 57-68%, alphacypermethrin 44-60%), indicating higher levels of resistance, were observed for the females compared to the male (22.1-42.2 mins, 60-94%) mosquitoes. The percentage mortalities of males (71-94%) were sig-nificantly (P ≤ 0.043) higher than those of the jointly exposed females (39-62%). However, separately ex-posed male mosquito mortalities (60-81%) were not significantly (P ≥ 0.067) higher than the females (55-68%). All the male mosquito populations were resistant to permethrin (75-94% mortality), deltamethrin (60-82%), and alphacypermethrin (74-86%) insecticides after joint and separate exposures. Resistant male and female mosquitoes were identified predominantly as An. arabiensis (74-84%).

Conclusion: Multiple pyrethroid insecticide resistance detected in the male and female mosquito populations indicates the potential ineffectiveness of pyrethroid-based swarm spraying, pyrethroid ATSB and ITNs in the study location
Awareness of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Vaccination Rate Among Adults Attending the Out-Patient Clinic of General Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Ademola Christy O. , Yusuf Adebayo R. , Obalowu Ismail A. , Mohammed Abdulkadri , Oyeleke Oyeronke A. , Alabi Anthonia N. , Odediji Toyin T.
Published: September 2023

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a potentially life-threatening infection affecting the liver from acute disease to chronic infection state and sometimes even leading to death. This study was done to determine the level of awareness of the hepatitis B virus as a disease, the availability of its vaccine, as well as the vaccination rate among the study population.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, and it was done at the General Hospi-tal Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The study population was adults aged 18 years and above attend-ing outpatient clinics. The sample size for this study was 377, with a male to female ratio of 128:249. The study instrument was a structured and semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences IBM (SPSS) 21.
Results: The overall level of awareness of HBV infection was very low (19.4%), only 38% of the participants knew HBV infection as a disease, while very few of them knew the causative agent (4.9%), and only 15.4% of the participants knew the transmission routes of the HBV. However, about half of the participants were aware of the existence of the HBV vaccine (50.8%). Only very few participants had ever received the vaccine as an adult, with a vaccination rate of 4.6%. There were statistically significant associations between HBV vaccination status, knowledge of the dis-ease, knowledge of HBV causative agent (P <0.001), and knowledge of HBV transmission routes (P <0.001). These factors positively impact vaccination uptake in this study. It was also observed that more young people were more likely to have received the HBV vaccine when compared to the elderly ones (P <0.001). Similarly, secondary education students were more likely to receive the HBV vaccine (P = 0.039).
Conclusion: The awareness of HBV infection and the knowledge of the disease were very low, same with vaccination uptake. Young people and those with formal education would likely obtain the HBV vaccination.
The Degree of Availability of Design Thinking Indicators in the content of Arabic Language Curricula at the secondary stage in Syrian Arab Republic
Authors: Ahmed Al-Haj Hassan  , Mohamed Ismail
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to identify the degree of availability of design Thinking Indicators in The content of the Arabic Language Curricula at the secondary stage in the Syrian Arab Republic; to achieve the goal of the study. The researcher used the Descriptive Approach based on the analysis method according to the Cognitive Theory. The study tools consist of a list of Design Thinking Indicators and a Content Analysis Tool. The researcher completed the Validity and Reliability procedures for the tools. After applying them, the results of the study resulted in the following: Greater Interest than other sub-skills. The results also showed a Divergence of care for the sub-skills and the Difference in their recurrence rate, and the Omission of some sub-skills that did not have any opportunity to be trained on, sub-indicators of Design Thinking.
A Pragmatic Study of Narcissism in the American Movie Big Eyes (2014)
Authors: Maysaa Mohammed Hadi  , Wafaa Sahib Mehdi
Published: September 2023

Narcissism is a complicated phenomenon that can be reflected in the narcissist’s language. Investigating narcissism in terms of linguistics, and pragmatics in particular, does not seem to have been given its due attention, as this study reveals. Thus, this study is an endeavor to discover how narcissism is reflected in the American movie Big Eyes (2014). It is known for introducing narcissistic behaviors. This paper aims to identify the types, motivations, and pragmatic manifestations of narcissism in the selected movie. Three pragmatic theories are chosen to scrutinize narcissism in the data: Searle’s speech acts (1969), Grice’s maxims breaching (1975), and Culppeper’s impoliteness (1996). To cope with the nature of the data and the aims of the study, an analytical framework that embraces three layers has been designed. These are the types, motivations, and pragmatic strategies of narcissism. Upon analyzing the data, the study concludes that exhibitionist narcissism abounds in the movie. In terms of motivations, environmental influence is the main factor behind narcissism in the data. Representative, directive and expressive speech acts appear in the data. The maxims have been breached to result in the use of metaphor and hyperbole. Four impoliteness strategies (positive, negative, bold on record, and mock impoliteness) are used to show narcissism in the data.
An Analytical Study of Assimilation in English Reading Texts
Authors: Alasadi Mohammed
Published: September 2023

Abstract This study is concerned with analysing of assimilation as an English co-articulated phenomenon in a selected reading course assigned for Iraqi students in order to enhance the Iraqi ESL learners understanding of variety of English reading skills as well as phonology which is one of the bases of effective and successful reading. The aim of this paper is to help students overcome their problems through reading, listening and fluently pronouncing assimilated words in connected speech of English utterances for successful interaction and minimizing the Iraqi ESL students’ foreign accent. The collected data are the soundtracks of 14 reading passages taken from “Intermediate-Select Readings” /Second Edition by Linda Lee & Erik Gundersen as a second year reading textbook at the College of Languages / University of Kufa. The study analysed the data under scrutiny and found that the reciprocal assimilation is not as it is defined as adjacent sounds having mutual influence on each other to produce a third new fused sound, some features are copied just by one of them. It was also revealed that germination mostly occurs in complete assimilation when consonants in sequence are homorganic (the consonants have two features in common, manner of articulation and phonation). Since manner of articulation feature is existed in both sounds, the third place of articulation feature is copied automatically from the adjacent sound. Keywords: Assimilation, Germination, Voicing, Place, Manner, Regressive, Progressive
التعريف بكتاب شرح الملا جامي لعبد الرحمن جامي
Authors: قراول صمد , جعفري محمد , جانزاده فريبرز
Published: September 2023

كتاب شرح الملا جامي باسمه الأصلي (الفوائد الضيائيه علي متن الكافيه في النحو) هو عمل عبد الرحمن جامي الذي كتب الشعر بالفارسية في القرن التاسع الهجري. هذا الكتاب شرح لكتاب كافية لابن الحاجب. يصف الجامي كتاب كافية لدراسة ابنه ضياء الدين يوسف الذي كان في ذلك الوقت يدرس أساسيات اللغة العربية. ولهذا أطلق عليها اسم "الفويد الضائعة".نظرًا لإجادته للغة العربية ، فقد اختار تعليقا! فكاهيًا لشرح ما يكفي من العبارات. جامي ليس شخصًا متعصبًا في شرح وتفسير المسائل النحوية ، وفي تعليقه ، بذكر الأعمال وأصحابها ، لاحظ جانب الثقة.في تعليقه ، لم ينقل آراء علماء النحو فحسب ، بل ذكر أيضًا استفساراته.في نقده كان مؤدبًا ولم يرفض أبدًا رأي ابن الحاجب. وإذا لم يقبله أحيانًا آراء ابن الحاجب ، فقد جاء بآراء نحوية أخرى ترفض فكر ابن الحاجب. من خلال فحص آرائه في هذا الكتاب ، يمكن اعتباره معجبًا بالمدرسة النحوية في البصرة. تستعرض هذه المقالة وتحلل بعض ميزات هذا الكتاب. الكلمات الرئيسية : تعليق ملاّجامي ، النحو ، كافيه ابن حاجب ..
A Pragma-Syntactic Study of Vocative in Selected English Novels
Authors: Al-Hassnawi Hussein , Ibrahim Hussein
Published: September 2023

This paper attempts to investigate the syntactic-pragmatic relationship associated with vocative use in two English novels–namely, Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises (1926). Leech (1999) is adopted as a model for the analysis of vocative in the selected novels. Three hundred vocatives are quantitatively analysed according to the model of analysis adopted in this study. These 300 vocatives (150 vocatives from each novel) are randomly selected from all over the novels as a representative sample of them. The results have verified all of the study hypotheses and proved the applicability of Leech’s (1999) model. In both novels, the most frequently used function of vocative is the address function whereas the least common one is emotive function. The functions that are most likely to be simultaneously combined (by bifunctional vocatives) are the call and addressee-identifying functions on one hand, and the addressee-identifying and address functions on the other hand. Besides, the syntactic position of vocative in the sentence in which it occurs matters in the sense that it is conspicuously related to its pragmatic functions.
التاريخانية تكذيب الأحداث وإمكانية تجاوزها عقلانياً
Authors: عبيس رائد
Published: September 2023

هذا البحث تناول إشكالية تاريخية ذات بعد سياسي واجتماعي كبير, آخذاً بعين الاعتبار العوامل البشرية التي تحرك التاريخ ,وتدفع به إلى التقدم أو التراجع , فهناك مواكبة للتاريخ , وهناك تجاوز له , وهناك أيضا التخلف عنه, والعيش خارج آفاقه. تلك هي مشكلة الشعوب وتفاعلها السلبي والإيجابي مع أحداث تاريخها والوعي به , ذكرنا في المقدمة جملة من العوامل, وقسمنا البحث إلى ثلاثة مباحث, في تساؤلات تمثل الإجابة عليها جزء من التأويلية المنهجية, لمعرفة الترابط الموضوعي والتصوري عن معنى التأريخ, وأسباب الإرتهان له, بتاريخانية يوتوبية, أو ميتافيزيقية , أو واقعية, لمحاولة تكذيب الوهم التاريخي الذي يحكم المسار العام لحياة الشعوب, أو الفصائل البشرية المنضوية إيديولوجيا, وتمييزه عن التاريخ الحقيقي, بكونه فعل واقع لا يقبل القراءات التأويلية المتصارعة
تحليل المضامين القرآنية وأصدائها في أدب المقاومة في البلدان المسلمة
Authors: ضيايي محمد , بهنام رسول
Published: September 2023

لقد تم الاهتمام بأدب المقاومة كفرع هام من أدب الأمم منذ سبعين عامًا على الرغم من قدمه قدر تاريخ ظهور الإنسان. يتطرق هذا الفرع من الأدب إلى معتقدات وانحيازات الشعراء والكتاب فيما يتعلق بالمقاتلين والناشطين في مجال المقاومة ضد الظالمين والمحتلين والطغاة في كل حين ويحاول أن يجعل المقاتلين أكثر أملاً في مواصلة طريقهم من خلال دعمهم في مجال الاستقرار والصمود. يتأثر الشعراء والكتاب في البلدان الإسلامية عامة وإيران خاصة بآيات القرآن في وصف صفات المقاتلين وأن كتبهم مليئة بالتعاليم القرآنية. يهدف هذا البحث من خلال منهج تحليل النصوص إلى إظهار الحضور البارز للآيات والمواضيع القرآنية في شعر الشعراء من خلال فحص عينات من قصائد الدفاع المقدس وقصائد شعراء من الدول الأخرى. وأظهرت نتائج البحث أن شعراء هذه القصائد عبر استخدام محسنات مثل "التضمين" و "التلميح" وباستخدام الموضوعات القرآنية، قاموا بزخرفة كلامهم بالكلمة الإلهية ونقلوا هذه المضامين إلى الجمهور كدروس قيمة من كلام الله.
Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma Presenting as Trochlear Nerve Palsy
Authors: Ghoauri Muhammad Sohail Ajmal , Butt Nauman Ismat , Samad Abdul , Rasheed Muhammad Bilal , Khaliq Mutahra
Published: September 2023

We present a case of 21-year old gentleman presented with diplopia for last 4 months. There was history of protrusion of left eye ball, abnormal head posture causing head tilt and turning face towards right side and a painless lump in mouth over hard palate on left side. On examination, there was torticollis of the head with proptosis and partial ptosis of the left eye. There was impairment of intorsion, depression and adduction of the left eye with binocular diplopia which worsened when the left eye was directed downwards and medially. There was sensory loss in ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the left Trigeminal nerve. CT scan of the paranasal sinuses revealed a locally aggressive mass in the left maxillary sinus with erosion and extension to left temporal bone. Biopsy confirmed it as Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma and a multidisciplinary management with ENT, neurosurgery and oncology was planned.
Frequency and Outcome of Emergency Oculoplastic Cases with Adaptations in Management during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Idris Mohammad , Hassan Bilqis , Yaqoob Hassan , Ul Alam Muhib , Ullah Huzaif
Published: September 2023

Purpose:  To determine whether treating emergency oculoplastic conditions with protective modification have any effect on treatment outcome visiting tertiary oculoplastic service.
Study Design:  Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study:  Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Reading Hospital, from March to September 2020.
Methods:  We included all patients operated during pandemic at oculoplastic service. Protective modifications included; use of loupe instead of surgical microscope, avoidance of General Anesthesia, judicial use of cautery, use of absorbable suture and follow up through phone call and minimum visits.
Results:  A total of 117 patients were eligible with a mean age of 25.399 ± 34.89 years. Majority of the patients were male, 74 (63.2%). The mean follow-up time was 04 months. Satisfactory surgical and functional outcome was seen in 107 (91.5%) patients. There was no statistically significant difference in outcome with reference to gender (p-value of 0.824) and treatment (p-value of 0.168). Similarly, treatment outcome was statistically insignificant (p value 0.342) in different oculoplastic conditions. Unsatisfactory outcome due to various complications was seen in 10 (8.5%) patients at follow up of 01 to 05 months which were then given special treatment at followup.
Conclusion:  With adopted protocols and modifications in techniques, outcome was acceptable in common emergency oculoplastic conditions. Proper follow up through telemedicine was helpful in picking up the complicated cases for timely intervention to get satisfactory outcome during Covid 19 pandemic.
Changes in Ocular Surface and Precorneal Tear Film in Tobacco Smokers
Authors: Jahan Zaib Hafiz Muhammad , Khalid Amina , Khan Ijaz , Nazir Fahmina , Khan Nida Armoghan
Published: September 2023

Purpose:  To determine the changes in “ocular surface” and “pre-corneal tear film” in tobacco smokers.
Study Design:  Cross sectional, comparative.
Place and Duration of Study:  Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from February 2022 to May 2022.
Methods:  Eighty four patients (42 smokers and 42 non-smokers) were selected for ocularevaluation. “Ocular surface” and “pre-corneal tear film” were assessed by “tear film break up time (TBUT)”, “Schirmer test”, “corneal punctate staining” and “corneal/conjunctival sensitivity” in both smokers and non-smokers. Chi square test and unpaired t-test were applied and p ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results:  Meanage of participants was 36.07 ± 5.75 years. There were 76.2% males and 23.8% females. In terms of age and gender, there was no statistically significant difference between smokers and non-smokers. In terms of TBUT (p = 0.000), corneal punctate staining (p = 0.000) and corneal/conjunctival sensitivity (p = 0.000) values were significantly lower in smokers as compared to non-smokers while in terms of “Schirmer test” there was no statistically significant difference between smokers and non-smokers (p-value of 0.827).
Conclusion:  Use of cigarettes results in multiple adverse effects in the “ocular surface” and “pre-corneal tear film” including unstable tear film, dry eyes, poor sensitivity of cornea as well as the conjunctiva making their eyes more prone to damage and disease.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of YouTube inControlling Myopia Progression
Authors: Boz Ali Altan Ertan , Kocamış Sücattin İlker
Published: September 2023

Purpose:  Myopia control is important because of the increased risk of complications likeretinal detachment, maculopathy, glaucoma and cataract. Nowadays, people can learn about their diseases on the Internet. Due to the fact thatonline health-related informationis not reliable, theevaluation of the reliability of videos is compulsory. We used four scoring systems to evaluatethe effectiveness of myopia control videos on YouTube.
Study Design:  Online survey.
Methods:  This study included the first 100 YouTube videos that were found after searching for “myopia control” on YouTube.Duration, views, likes, dislikes, and comments were all included in the general video evaluation. Two ophthalmologists independently evaluated the quality of information.The agreement and individual correlations of the data for each video were investigated statistically.
Results:  Ninety-two videos were included in the study. The mean scores for DISCERN, JAMA, global quality score and usefulness were 34.22, 2.63, 2.02, and 1.35 respectively.Fifteen times increased outdoor activity and decreased near work, 52 times multifocal spectacles, 53 times multifocal contact lens, 58 times orthokeratology, and 40 times pharmacological agentswere described as the treatment options. There were 31 videos uploaded by physicians and 24 by universities and private hospitals.
Conclusion:  YouTube lookslike apoor platform according to the scoring system. Especially increased outdoor activity and decreased near work,whichare very important in patient´seducation, were scarcely described.Healthcare professionals should upload more videos, so that the effectiveness and quality of the videos in this area may improve.
Effects of Intra-cameral Dexamethasone after Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification
Authors: Saad Jan  , Muhammad Ali Tahir  , Syed Muhammad Faisal  , Aziz-ur Rehman Arain  , Alyscia Cheema
Published: September 2023

Purpose:  Postoperative inflammation is very common following phacoemulsification. We conducted this study to compare the effectiveness of intra-cameral dexamethasone injection with traditional topical steroids following phacoemulsification.
Study Design: Quasi experimental
Place and Duration of Study:  Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, JPMC, Karachi from February 2022 to July 2022.
Methods:  A total of 60 patients were divided into two equal groups of 30 each. One group was treated with prophylactic intra-cameral dexamethasone at the end of phacoemulsification and the other group was given Balanced Salt Solution in its place. Both the groups were examined at post-operative day 1 and 7 for following parameters; best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intra-ocular pressures (IOP), anterior chamber cells and flare.
Results:  The dexamethasone group showed statistically significant improvement in anterior chamber cells and flare as compared to the placebo group at postoperative day 1 and 7 (p-value of 0.042 and 0.029 respectively for cells; p-value of 0.038 and 0.002 respectively for flare). HoweverBCVA and IOP showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups at postoperative day 1 and 7 (p-value 0.67 and 0.46 respectively for BCVA and 0.22 and 0.08 respectively for IOP).
Conclusion:  Intra-cameral dexamethasone is an effective way to control postoperative inflammation following phacoemulsification with reduced anterior chamber cells and flare. However, its effects on BCVA and IOP were comparable to topical steroids.
Differences in Axial Length and Anterior Chamber Depth among Keratoconic, Myopic and Emmetropic Eyes
Authors: Abdu Mustafa , Gammoh Yazan , Abd Alla Hiba
Published: September 2023

Purpose:  To report variation of the axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) among keratoconic (KC) eyes compared to myopic and emmetropic eyes in an African population sample.
Study Design:  Cross sectional observational.
Place and Duration of Study:  Al-Faisal Eye Hospital at Khartoum state of Sudanfrom January 2022 to September 2022.
Methods:  One-hundred and twenty-four eyes of 62 patients were divided into KC group (n =17, eyes=34), myopic group (n=28, eyes=56), and an age/gender matched emmetropic group (n=17, eyes =34). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using ultrasonic pachymeter, AL, ACD and keratometry readings (K-reading) were recorded for each patient using non-contact partial coherence interferometry with an IOL Master.
Results:  Mean age of the sample population was 22.27± 6.05 (range; 10 – 40 years). KC patients had the highest spherical equivalent of refraction (SER) (-6.19±3.91 dioptres), highest k-reading (48.98±5.68 dioptres) and the thinnest CCT. Myopic participants had a longer AL compared to other refractive error groups (AL=24.99±2.39, p<0.001). KC patients exhibited a larger ACD in comparison to emmetropes and myopes (ACD=3.6?9±0.26, p<0.001). Among all participants, SER exhibited the highest correlation with AL (r=-0.71, p<0.001) followed by a weaker correlation with ACD (r=-0.26, p=0.003). However, among KC patients, SER exhibited a weaker correlation with AL compared to myopes (r=-0.55, p=0.001), and a higher correlation with ACD compared to myopes (r=-0.38, p=0.03).
Conclusion:  ACD and corneal curvature were the most significantly detrimental parameters in KC. KC participants demonstrated a lower correlation between SER and AL and higher correlation between SER and ACD.
VisualAcuity Threshold for CataractsSurgeryat a Tertiary Eye Center in Iraq
Authors: Al-Khafaji Zainab Nadom Hamoodi , Al Salam Mohammed Suhail Najam
Published: September 2023

Purpose:  To find out threshold of visual acuity for cataract surgery at a tertiary eye center of Iraq.
Study Design:  Descriptive observational.
Place & Duration of Study:  Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital during the year 2022.
Methods:  It was a retrospective descriptive study in which 6650 patients who complained of visual impairment due to cataract, 30 to 80 years of age and either gender were included.Any intraocular pathology that leads to visual impairment other than cataract and congenital cataract were excluded. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the state of the fellow eye was also determined. Visual impairment was defined as mild; 6/9 - 6/18, moderate; 6/24 - 6/36 and severe visual impairment; 6/60 or less.
Results:  Data collected from 6650 cases showed 2625 (39.5%) males and 4025 (60.5%) females. Mild visual impairment was found in 875 (13.15%) patients, moderate was found in 175(2.63%) patients, and severe visual impairment was the most common type in 5250 (78.95%) patients.
Conclusion:  Most of the patients with cataract present late with severe impairment of visual acuity which requires national screening program with extra focuson risk groups. Nonetheless, these results are of potential use to planners of cataract screening outreach programs. It could be regarded as a preliminary study for further larger study on a national level to establish a scheme for patients’ diagnosis and referral to cataract surgery to get early diagnosis and shorten the waiting lists.
Corneal Parameters Measurement in Healthy Subjects Using Scheimpflug and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Rattan Suzan Amana
Published: September 2023

Purpose:  To compare the central corneal thickness (CCT),minimum corneal thickness (MCT) and corneal power measured using theScheimpflug-Placido device and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy eyes.
Study Design:  Descriptive observational.
Place and Duration of Study:  Al-Kindy college of medicine/university of Baghdad, from June 2021 to April 2022.
Methods:  A total of 200 eyes of 200 individuals were enrolled in this study. CCT and MCT measurements were carried out using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Optovue) and a Scheimpflug-Placido topographer (Sirius).The agreement between the two approaches was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis in this study.
Results:  Mean age was 28.54 ± 6.6 years, mean spherical equivalent of refraction was -3.57 ± 3.35 D. Mean CCT by Optovue, and Sirius were534.13 ± 27.88 μm, and 540.2 ± 27.85μm, respectively.Mean CCT differences between them were -6.070± 6.593 μm, (p < 0.05). Minimum thickness by Optovue was 526.79 ± 27.81, and by Sirius was 537.44 ± 27.56, mean difference between the two devices was 10.66 ± 6.89,p= 0.00. The net power by OCT was 43.44 ± 1.456, mean K by Sirius was 43.597 ± 1.408, with p=0.000. Maximum level of agreement between the two devices is -18.99 to 6.85 for CCT, is widest for minimum thickness -24.166 to 2.85 and narrowest for differences between net corneal power by OCT and mean K By Sirius is -0.87 to 1.18.
Conclusion:  In clinical practice, the two devices cannot be used interchangeably. CCT and keratometry should be evaluated and followed up using the same device.
Pilot Study of Seamless Diplen Membrane for Pterygium Excision
Authors: Ceravatiuc Maria , Anait B. Azibekyan  , Eldor Jonnazarov  , Nodirbek U. Dzhapiev  , Bashirkhon A. Tursunov
Published: September 2023

We report a technique of fixation of rotational flap of the conjunctiva in primary surgical treatment of pterygium using a biodegradable adhesive Diplen membrane. A 78 years old patient was referred to ophthalmology department of «……………..» in September 2022 for treatment of pterygium of right eye. Primary pterygium surgery was performed using fixed rotational flap of the conjunctiva. In this method, the conjunctival flap is rotated to close the open sclera and fixed with a biodegradable adhesive Diplen membrane.The flap did not undergo ischemic changes, retained its original position and fully took root. Inflammatory and allergic reactions to the components of the membrane were not observed. Seamless fixation of conjunctival flap using an adhesive Diplen membrane is a safe, cost-effective and reliable method of treating pterygium.
Unilateral Exotropic Type II Duane’s Retraction Syndrome Associated with Tetralogy of Fallot: A Case Report
Authors: Farvardin Hajar , Hoseini Shahla , Maalhagh Mehrnoosh , Farvardin Majid
Published: September 2023

Duane’s retraction syndrome is a rare congenital cranial disorder and special form of strabismus that manifests with the limitation of ocular movements in horizontal gaze, globe retraction, and narrowing of the palpebral fissure in adduction. Its causeis a teratogenic cranial innervational defect at the 4th-8th weeks of gestation. It is estimated that up to one third of these patients may have other congenital non-ocular anomalies. In this case, we present an association of unilateral exotropictype II Duane’s retraction syndrome and tetralogy of Fallot in an eleven years old boy. He had no other systemic disease or congenital anomaly, and his family history was negative for strabismus and congenital heart disease. Duane’s retraction syndrome can be associated with tetralogy of Fallot due to the matching time of gestational development of these two conditions, although this may be coincidental.
Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of MRW and RNFL in Detection of Glaucoma
Authors: Khan Nazish , Shakir Munira , Wasim Sahira , Azmi Salman , Zafar Shakir
Published: September 2023

Purpose:  To compare diagnostic accuracy of Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL) in detection of glaucoma taking cup to disc ratio as gold standard.
Study Design:  Descriptive observational.
Place and Duration of Study:  Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi from September 2017 to February 2018.
Methods:  Total 344 participants including healthy and glaucoma suspect (according to the cup disc ratio or high intra ocular pressure more than 21 mmHg) were included. They were evaluated to compare diagnostic accuracy of MRW and RNFL taking cup to disc ratio as gold standard. Spectral domain OCT was performed. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of MRW and RNFL were calculated keeping cup-disc finding as gold standard.
Results:  Mean Cup to Disk Ratio was 0.54 ± 0.10. Total 97.4% cases were diagnosed to have Glaucoma by Cup to Disk Ratio, 84.3% cases were diagnosed with Glaucoma by RNFL and 94.8% cases by MRW. By RNFL, 288 patients were true positive and 7 patients were true negative. Sensitivity, Specificity, and accuracy were 86.0%, 77.8%, and 85.7% respectively. The results showed that by MRW, 324 patients were true positive, and 7 patients were true negative. Sensitivity, Specificity, and accuracy were 96.7%, 77.8%, and 96.2% respectively.
Conclusion:  The sensitivity of RNFL for diagnosis of glaucoma is higher than MRW. While the specificity of both RNFL and MRW was similar.
Conjunctival Autograft with Mitomycin C (MMC) in Primary Pterygium Excision
Authors: Shoaib Khawaja Khalid
Published: September 2023

Purpose:  To evaluate role of conjunctival Autograft (CAG) with Mitomycin C (MMC) in primary pterygium excision.
Place and Duration of Study:  Mughal eye hospital Lahore from 2020 to 2022.
Methods:  Patients with primary pterygium were operated. Pterygium excision was followed by Mitomycin C (MMC) 0.02% application for 2 minutes under the conjunctiva at base of the pterygium and this was followed by CAG. Patients were followed up at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months to see recurrence and any side effects of MMC. Google sheets were used for recording data of pterygia.
Results:  A total of 385 eyes of 316 patients with primary pterygium were included in the study. There were 209 males and 107 females. Mean age was 35 years (range 26 to 58 years). Follow up ranged from one month to 2 months. Four eyes (1%) had recurrence. It was noted that blood vessels of recurrent pterygium grew above or below the conjunctival graft on the side which was short. No complication of MMC was observed. There were 2 cases of graft dehiscence due to early breakdown of sutures.
Conclusion:  Recurrence after pterygium excision can be reduced to minimum by application of MMC with CAG and it is a safe procedure. Recurrence mostly encroaches on the cornea from above or below the conjunctival graft. A large conjunctival graft is thus necessary to cover the pterygium area and prevent recurrence. MMC is safe. Suturing the conjunctival graft provides minimum chances of graft loss.
GOOGLE FORM SEBAGAI MEDIA EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN SELAMA PANDEMI DI MIS AL-HANAFIYAH
Authors: Aisyah Nur , Khoirul Khoirul
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on the use of google forms as a medium for evaluating learning carried out at MIS Al-Hanafiyah during the pandemic. Using a qualitative approach to obtain a real picture of the condition of teachers and students while using the google form. The results showed that google form has advantages and disadvantages. The teacher makes a google form by considering the student's condition, learning objectives, and the type of questions to be given. Students who work on questions using google forms can immediately find out the value of the assignments given by the teacher.
POLA ASUH DEMOKRATIS DALAM MEMBANGUN PERILAKU ANAK (STUDI KASUS DI DESA BATUAN KABUPATEN SUMENEP)
Authors: Rahmatillah Alvi , Dzulkarnain Iskandar
Published: September 2023

Artikel penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana pola asuh demokratis dalam membangun perilaku pada anak.  Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori motivasi berprestasi yang dikemukakan oleh David McClelland. Teori motivasi berprestasi McClelland menjelaskan bahwa perilaku individu dapat dipengaruhi oleh tiga kebutuhan yakni kebutuhan akan prestasi, kebutuhan akan kekuasaan dan kebutuhan akan afiliasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertama: Metode yang digunakan orang tua dalam mendidik anak ada lima yakni mendidik dengan keteladanan, mendidik dengan kebiasaan, mendidik dengan nasehat, mendidik dengan kasih sayang dan perhatian, dan mendidik anak dengan hukuman. Kedua: Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perilaku anak adalah lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan sekolah dan lingkungan masyarakat. Ketiga: Orang tua memiliki kontrol dan kendali pada perilaku anak dan bertanggungjawab atas anak serta dapat mengendalikan dan mencegah perilaku menyimpang pada anak