bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart mandibular advancement devices for obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic literature review
Authors: Yang Joshua , Rosenmöller Boudewijn R.A.M. , van Riet Tom C.T. , Tan Misha L. , Jamaludin Faridi S. , Ho Jean-Pierre T.F. , de Lange Jan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The goal of this review is to provide sleep physicians, dentists, and researchers with an evidence-based overview of the literature on smart mandibular advancement devices (MADs) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted by two blinded reviewers and an information specialist. A smart MAD was defined as any MAD with additional functionality besides mandibular protrusion. The bibliographic databases Medline, Embase, and Scopus were used to identify relevant publications. Studies were included if they described any stage of development of smart MADs. A total of 3162 titles and abstracts were screened for their relevance. In total, 58 articles were selected for full-text screening, 26 of which were included in this review.

Results

The overall quality of the available literature was low. Most of the studies were observational, clinical or applied-research articles. The authors classified MADs into two main groups: passive and active. Passive MADs measured patient data, most commonly patient compliance. Active MADs adjusted protrusion of the mandible in response to patient data and were found in various phases of technological readiness (in development, demonstration, or deployment).

Conclusion

Innovations in smart mandibular advancement devices most frequently track patient compliance. Devices measuring other health parameters and active, feedback-controlled, devices are increasingly reported on. However, studies demonstrating their added benefit over traditional methods remain sparse. With further study, smart mandibular advancement devices have the potential to improve the efficiency of obstructive sleep apnea treatment and provide new treatment possibilities.
How One Cannot Participatively Imagine What One Could Cognitively Imagine
Authors: Voltolini Alberto , Barbero Carola
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we want to maintain that the puzzle of imaginative resistance is basically a pragmatic issue due to the failure of participative imagination, as involving a pre-semantic level relating to a wide context (the overall situation of discourse). Since the linguistic meanings of the relevant fiction-involving sentences violate some of our basic norms, what such sentences (fictionally) say cannot be participatively imagined. That failure leads one to refrain from ascribing such sentences the fictional truth-conditions they would have in narrow fictional contexts (sets of fixed parameters) as determined by those meanings in those contexts. Yet one could still make that ascription, for one can cognitively imagine what such sentences would say in those contexts. As is proved by the fact that if one either adopts an alternative view on such norms or, for some reason, brackets them, one can again perform that ascription.
Correlation of CT-based radiomics analysis with pathological cellular infiltration in fibrosing interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Haga Akira , Iwasawa Tae , Misumi Toshihiro , Okudela Koji , Oda Tsuneyuki , Kitamura Hideya , Saka Tomoki , Matsushita Shoichiro , Baba Tomohisa , Natsume-Kitatani Yayoi , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Ogura Takashi
Published: June 2024

Purpose

We aimed to identify computed tomography (CT) radiomics features that are associated with cellular infiltration and construct CT radiomics models predictive of cellular infiltration in patients with fibrotic ILD.

Materials and methods

CT images of patients with ILD who underwent surgical lung biopsy (SLB) were analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted using artificial intelligence-based software and PyRadiomics. We constructed a model predicting cell counts in histological specimens, and another model predicting two classifications of higher or lower cellularity. We tested these models using external validation.

Results

Overall, 100 patients (mean age: 62 ± 8.9 [standard deviation] years; 61 men) were included. The CT radiomics model used to predict cell count in 140 histological specimens predicted the actual cell count in 59 external validation specimens (root-mean-square error: 0.797). The two-classification model’s accuracy was 70% and the F1 score was 0.73 in the external validation dataset including 30 patients.

Conclusion

The CT radiomics-based model developed in this study provided useful information regarding the cellular infiltration in the ILD with good correlation with SLB specimens.
Improved vascular depiction and image quality through deep learning reconstruction of CT hepatic arteriography during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Authors: Tanahashi Yukichi , Kubota Koh , Nomura Takayuki , Ikeda Takanobu , Kutsuna Masaya , Funayama Satoshi , Kobayashi Tatsunori , Ozaki Kumi , Ichikawa Shintaro , Goshima Satoshi
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) on vascular depiction, tumor enhancement, and image quality of computed tomography hepatic arteriography (CTHA) images acquired during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods

Institutional review board approval was obtained. Twenty-seven patients (18 men and 9 women, mean age, 75.7 years) who underwent CTHA immediately before TACE were enrolled. All images were reconstructed using three reconstruction algorithms: hybrid-iterative reconstruction (hybrid-IR), DLR with mild strength (DLR-M), and DLR with strong strength (DLR-S). Vascular depiction, tumor enhancement, feeder visualization, and image quality of CTHA were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed by two radiologists and compared between the three reconstruction algorithms.

Results

The mean signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of sub-segmental arteries and sub-sub-segmental arteries, and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of tumors, were significantly higher on DLR-S than on DLR-M and hybrid-IR (P < 0.001). The mean qualitative score for sharpness of sub-segmental and sub-sub-segmental arteries was significantly better on DLR-S than on DLR-M and hybrid-IR (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the feeder artery detection rate of automated feeder artery detection software among three reconstruction algorithms (P = 0.102). The contrast, continuity, and confidence level of feeder artery detection was significantly better on DLR-S than on DLR-M (P = 0.013, 0.005, and 0.001) and hybrid-IR (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001). The weighted kappa values between two readers for qualitative scores of feeder artery visualization were 0.807–0.874. The mean qualitative scores for sharpness, granulation, and diagnostic acceptability of CTHA were better on DLR-S than on DLR-M and hybrid-IR (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

DLR significantly improved the SNR of small hepatic arteries, the CNR of tumor, and feeder artery visualization on CTHA images. DLR-S seems to be better suited to routine CTHA in TACE than does hybrid-IR.
Narcissism on display? Effects of full-shot and medium-shot photographs posted on social media on tourists’ attraction visit interest
Authors: Tan Wee-Kheng , Dong Jia-You
Published: June 2024

Through theory of narcissism and leisure constraint theory, this study considers how tourists’ vulnerable narcissism facets and lack of interest travel constraint at destination level affect their interest in attractions after viewing social media photographs of other visitors posed as full shot or medium shot (photograph types). Partial least-squares analysis on 614 survey returns (307 for full-shot and 307 for medium-shot photographs) revealed vulnerable narcissism’s impact on attraction visit interest is mostly evident in wenqing attractions. Lack of interest constraint lowers natural and monument attraction visit interest but not for wenqing attractions. Only entitlement rage facet positively influences lack of interest constraint.
Thermodynamic Assessments of Ti-Al, Ti-Fe, and Ti-Al-Fe Systems with Four-Sublattice Description of Ordered Body-Centered Cubic Phase and Density Functional Theory Data
Authors: Liang Zhi , Kattner Ursula , Choudharry Kamal , Tavazza Francesca , Campbell Carelyn
Published: June 2024

A thermodynamic description of the Ti-Al-Fe system was established with reassessed Ti-Al and Ti-Fe binary systems using density function theory (DFT) data. All stable and metastable end members of BCC_B2, BCC_D03/B32, BCC_L21, inverse BCC_L21, Laves C14, D019-Ti3Al, L10-TiAl, Ti Al2, Ti3Al5, D022-TiAl3, τ2 and τ3 in the Ti-Al, Ti-Fe and Ti-Al-Fe systems were energetically defined with available experimental data and DFT calculations, reaching reasonable consistency. The ternary description was used to successfully calculate the A2-B2-L21 transformation in Fe-rich corner and A2-B2 transformation in Ti-rich corner, allowing the design of Ti-rich and Fe-rich alloys in this system.
Synergistic Impact of Pomegranate Peel Extract and High Hydrostatic Pressure on Controlling Discolouration and Oxidation in Iberian Dry Sausage Throughout Storage
Authors: R. Cava , I. Montero , L. Ladero
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact of high-pressure processing and the inclusion of a pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on colour, antioxidant residual activities and lipid and protein oxidation of dry-cured and uncured sausages during 120 days of refrigerated storage. Nitrite and PPE were added into the sausage formulations following four treatments: (1) 150 mg/kg NaNO2 (C_Pos), (2) 0 mg/kg NaNO2 (C_Neg), (3) 0 mg/kg NaNO2 + 1% PPE (PPE1) and (4) 0 mg/kg NaNO2 + 2% PPE (PPE2). The four dry sausage batches were divided into two groups, one left untreated (0.1 MPa) and the other subjected to high hydrostatic pressure treatment (600 MPa, 8 min). The results revealed significant differences in the initial oxidation levels, with nitrite removal leading to increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. The pomegranate extract surpasses nitrite in the amount of residual antioxidant activity in the sausages and was comparable to nitrites in controlling lipid and protein oxidation. Despite this, thiols were affected, decreasing their value in batches with added pomegranate extract. Finally, the colour of the dry sausages varied significantly towards more yellowish and less reddish when the pomegranate extract was added.
Specific microbiome patterns and their association with breast cancer: the intestinal microbiota as a potential biomarker and therapeutic strategy
Authors: Amaro-da-Cruz Alba , Rubio-Tomás Teresa , Álvarez-Mercado Ana I.
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in women. Based on histological characteristics, they are classified as non-invasive, or in situ (tumors located within the milk ducts or milk lobules) and invasive. BC may develop from in situ carcinomas over time. Determining prognosis and predicting response to treatment are essential tools to manage this disease and reduce its incidence and mortality, as well as to promote personalized therapy for patients. However, over half of the cases are not associated with known risk factors. In addition, some patients develop resistance to treatment and relapse. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new biomarkers and treatment strategies that improve existing therapies. In this regard, the role of the microbiome is being researched as it could play a role in carcinogenesis and the efficacy of BC therapies. This review aims to describe specific microbiome patterns associated with BC. For this, a literature search was carried out in PubMed database using the MeSH terms “Breast Neoplasms” and “Gastrointestinal Microbiome”, including 29 publications. Most of the studies have focused on characterizing the gut or breast tissue microbiome of the patients. Likewise, studies in animal models and in vitro that investigated the impact of gut microbiota (GM) on BC treatments and the effects of the microbiome on tumor cells were included. Based on the results of the included articles, BC could be associated with an imbalance in the GM. This imbalance varied depending on molecular type, stage and grade of cancer, menopause, menarche, body mass index, and physical activity. However, a specific microbial profile could not be identified as a biomarker. On the other hand, some studies suggest that the GM may influence the efficacy of BC therapies. In addition, some microorganisms and bacterial metabolites could improve the effects of therapies or influence tumor development.
Bent functions satisfying the dual bent condition and permutations with the $$(\mathcal {A}_m)$$ property
Authors: Polujan Alexandr , Pasalic Enes , Kudin Sadmir , Zhang Fengrong
Published: June 2024

The concatenation of four Boolean bent functions

$$f=f_1||f_2||f_3||f_4$$

f
=

f
1

|
|

f
2

|
|

f
3

|
|

f
4

is bent if and only if the dual bent condition

$$f_1^* + f_2^* + f_3^* + f_4^* =1$$

f
1
∗

+

f
2
∗

+

f
3
∗

+

f
4
∗

=
1

is satisfied. However, to specify four bent functions satisfying this duality condition is in general quite a difficult task. Commonly, to simplify this problem, certain relations between

$$f_i$$

f
i

are assumed, as well as functions

$$f_i$$

f
i

of a special shape are considered, e.g.,

$$f_i(x,y)=x\cdot \pi _i(y)+h_i(y)$$

f
i

(
x
,
y
)

=
x
·

π
i

(
y
)

+

h
i

(
y
)

are Maiorana-McFarland bent functions. In the case when permutations

$$\pi _i$$

π
i

of

$$\mathbb {F}_2^m$$

F
2
m

have the

$$(\mathcal {A}_m)$$

(

A
m

)

property and Maiorana-McFarland bent functions

$$f_i$$

f
i

satisfy the additional condition

$$f_1+f_2+f_3+f_4=0$$

f
1

+

f
2

+

f
3

+

f
4

=
0

, the dual bent condition is known to have a relatively simple shape allowing to specify the functions

$$f_i$$

f
i

explicitly. In this paper, we generalize this result for the case when Maiorana-McFarland bent functions

$$f_i$$

f
i

satisfy the condition

$$f_1(x,y)+f_2(x,y)+f_3(x,y)+f_4(x,y)=s(y)$$

f
1

(
x
,
y
)

+

f
2

(
x
,
y
)

+

f
3

(
x
,
y
)

+

f
4

(
x
,
y
)

=
s

(
y
)

and provide a construction of new permutations with the

$$(\mathcal {A}_m)$$

(

A
m

)

property from the old ones. Combining these two results, we obtain a recursive construction method of bent functions satisfying the dual bent condition. Moreover, we provide a generic condition on the Maiorana-McFarland bent functions

$$f_1,f_2,f_3,f_4$$

f
1

,

f
2

,

f
3

,

f
4

stemming from the permutations of

$$\mathbb {F}_2^m$$

F
2
m

with the

$$(\mathcal {A}_m)$$

(

A
m

)

property, such that the concatenation

$$f=f_1||f_2||f_3||f_4$$

f
=

f
1

|
|

f
2

|
|

f
3

|
|

f
4

does not belong, up to equivalence, to the Maiorana-McFarland class. Using monomial permutations

$$\pi _i$$

π
i

of

$$\mathbb {F}_{2^m}$$

F

2
m

with the

$$(\mathcal {A}_m)$$

(

A
m

)

property and monomial functions

$$h_i$$

h
i

on

$$\mathbb {F}_{2^m}$$

F

2
m

, we provide explicit constructions of such bent functions; a particular case of our result shows how one can construct bent functions from APN permutations, when m is odd. Finally, with our construction method, we explain how one can construct homogeneous cubic bent functions, noticing that only very few design methods of these objects are known.
1H, 13C and 15N backbone resonance assignment of Cel45A from Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Okmane Laura , Sandgren Mats , Ståhlberg Jerry , Nestor Gustav
Published: June 2024

A glycoside hydrolase family 45 (GH45) enzyme from the white-rot basidiomycete fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcCel45A) was expressed in Pichia pastoris with 13C and 15N labelling. A nearly complete assignment of 1H, 13C and 15N backbone resonances was obtained, as well as the secondary structure prediction based on the assigned chemical shifts using the TALOS-N software. The predicted secondary structure was almost identical to previously published crystal structures of the same enzyme, except for differences in the termini of the sequence. This is the first NMR study using an isotopically labelled GH45 enzyme.
The East China Sea: A Case of Ocean Geopolitics and Maritime Conflict
Authors: Midford Paul , Østhagen Andreas
Published: June 2024

This article analyzes ECS maritime disputes through two lenses: as a globally comparable case study mediated through LOS and as a distinct regional case that differs in several respects from disputes outside East Asia. This study focuses on the Senkaku/Diaoyu island dispute but also examines broader EEZ and ADIZ disputes between China, Japan, and South Korea and the Ieodo dispute between China and South Korea. It finds that global dynamics are applicable to the ECS disputes, as countries depend on LOS rules even while attempting to interpret them for unilateral advantage whenever possible, and parties avoid formal arbitration, when possible, in favor of bilateral agreements. However, regional factors impact these dynamics. The sudden and sometimes violent transition from the Sino-Centric tributary system to the Westphalian system has undermined the legitimacy of LOS and western international law regionally. Finally, the presence of China as a party to almost all ECS disputes limits the application of LOS because China’s position as a near-peer competitor with the US gives it additional options to unilaterally impose its will. Unlike relatively weaker parties to these disputes, China may be less concerned about flouting LOS that it does not see as necessary for protecting its maritime claims.
Assessing the impact of immunotherapy on oncolytic virotherapy in the treatment of cancer
Authors: Omer Salaheldin , Mambili-Mamboundou Hermane
Published: June 2024

Combined oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy are novel treatment protocols that represent a promising and advantageous strategy for various cancers, surpassing conventional anti-cancer treatments. This is due to the reduced toxicity associated with traditional cancer therapies. We present a mathematical model that describes the interactions between tumor cells, the immune response, and the combined application of virotherapy and interleukin-2 (IL-2). A stability analysis of the model for both the tumor and tumor-free states is discussed. To gain insight into the impact of model parameters on tumor cell growth and inhibition, we perform a sensitivity analysis using Latin hypercube sampling to compute partial rank correlation coefficient values and their associated p-values. Furthermore, we perform optimal control techniques using the Pontryagin maximum principle to minimize tumor burden and determine the most effective protocol for the administered treatment. We numerically demonstrate the ability of combined virotherapy and IL-2 to eliminate tumors.
Numerical simulation and experimental validation of microstructure evolution during the upsetting process of a large size martensitic stainless steel forging
Authors: Dourandish Simin , Champliaud Henri , Morin Jean-Benoit , Jahazi Mohammad
Published: June 2024

The microstructure evolution, plastic deformation, and damage severity during the open die hot forging of a martensitic stainless steel were investigated using finite element (FE) simulation. A microstructure evolution model was developed and combined with a visco-elastoplastic model to predict the strain, the strain rate, and the temperature distribution, as well as the volume fraction and the size of dynamically recrystallized grains over the entire volume of an industrial size forging. The propensity to damage during hot forging was also evaluated using the Cockcroft & Latham model. The three models were implemented in the FE code and the results analyzed in terms of microstructure inhomogeneity and stress levels in different regions of the forging. A good agreement was obtained between the predicted and the experimental results, demonstrating that the simulation provided a realistic representation of the forging process at the industrial scale.
A Community-Partnered Research Process for Implementation Strategy Design: Developing Resources to Support Behavioral Classroom Interventions
Authors: Lawson Gwendolyn M. , Owens Julie Sarno , Mandell David S. , Tavlin Samantha , Rufe Steven , Depa Aubrey , Lyon Aaron R. , Power Thomas J.
Published: June 2024

Schools need effective, sustainable implementation strategies to support teachers in using effective Tier 1 (i.e., whole class) and Tier 2 (i.e., targeted) behavioral interventions in the classroom. This paper describes an iterative, community-partnered process of developing implementation resources to support teachers in using Tier 1 and 2 positive behavior management interventions; we call these resources the Positive Behavior Management Toolkit (PBMT). There were two key aspects to the iterative development process: 1) working with a Program Development Team of district—and school-employed partners to identify priorities, interpret data, provide feedback on resources, and plan for sustainment; and 2) conducting a series of tryouts in which teachers used a version of the PBMT in their classrooms and provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and recommendations for improvement. In partnership with the Program Development Team, we used data from the tryouts to inform revisions to the PBMT. This paper presents quantitative and qualitative data from the tryouts and describes how these data informed revisions to the PBMT. We also describe the processes by which we engaged the team, considerations related to contextual appropriateness, and lessons learned related to community-engaged intervention development research.
Existence results of $$\text {Spin}(2, n - 1)_0$$-pseudo-Riemannian cobordisms
Authors: Bais Valentina , Custodio Victor Gustavo May , Torres Rafael
Published: June 2024

In this note, we study necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a Spin$$(n + 1)$$

(
n
+
1
)

-dimensional cobordism that supports a non-singular and non-degenerate pseudo-Riemannian metric of signature $$(2, n - 1)$$

(
2
,
n
-
1
)

, which restricts to a non-singular time-orientable Lorentzian metric on its boundary. The corresponding cobordism groups are computed.
On the Connection Between Irrationality Measures and Polynomial Continued Fractions
Authors: Ben David Nadav , Nimri Guy , Mendlovic Uri , Manor Yahel , De la Cruz Mengual Carlos , Kaminer Ido
Published: June 2024

Linear recursions with integer coefficients, such as the recursion that generates the Fibonacci sequence $${F}_{n}={F}_{n-1}+{F}_{n-2}$$

F
n

=

F

n
-
1

+

F

n
-
2

, have been intensely studied over millennia and yet still hide interesting undiscovered mathematics. Such a recursion was used by Apéry in his proof of the irrationality of $$\zeta \left(3\right)$$

ζ

3

, which was later named the Apéry constant. Apéry’s proof used a specific linear recursion that contained integer polynomials (polynomially recursive) and formed a continued fraction; such formulas are called polynomial continued fractions (PCFs). Similar polynomial recursions can be used to prove the irrationality of other fundamental constants such as $$\pi$$
π
and $$e$$
e
. More generally, the sequences generated by polynomial recursions form Diophantine approximations, which are ubiquitous in different areas of mathematics such as number theory and combinatorics. However, in general it is not known which polynomial recursions create useful Diophantine approximations and under what conditions they can be used to prove irrationality. Here, we present general conclusions and conjectures about Diophantine approximations created from polynomial recursions. Specifically, we generalize Apéry’s work from his particular choice of PCF to any general PCF, finding the conditions under which a PCF can be used to prove irrationality or to provide an efficient Diophantine approximation. To provide concrete examples, we apply our findings to PCFs found by the Ramanujan Machine algorithms to represent fundamental constants such as $$\pi$$
π
, $$e$$
e
, $$\zeta \left(3\right)$$

ζ

3

, and the Catalan constant. For each such PCF, we demonstrate the extraction of its convergence rate and efficiency, as well as the bound it provides for the irrationality measure of the fundamental constant. We further propose new conjectures about Diophantine approximations based on PCFs. Looking forward, our findings could motivate a search for a wider theory on sequences created by any linear recursions with integer coefficients. Such results can help the development of systematic algorithms for finding Diophantine approximations of fundamental constants. Consequently, our study may contribute to ongoing efforts to answer open questions such as the proof of the irrationality of the Catalan constant or of values of the Riemann zeta function (e.g., $$\zeta \left(5\right)$$

ζ

5

).
Still Higher Risk for Burnout and Low Work Engagement Among Female Residents After 10 Years of Demographic Feminisation
Authors: Kramer Maud , Könings Karen D. , Prins Jelle T. , van der Heijden Frank M. M. A. , Heyligers Ide C.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

We explored whether gender differences in burnout and work engagement characteristics among residents changed after the representation of female physicians has surpassed the 30% threshold of critical mass between 2005 and 2015, as well as if these gender differences are influenced by working in a surgical versus a non-surgical specialty.

Methods

This study used data of two questionnaire surveys on the well-being of Dutch residents, collected in 2005 (N = 2115) and 2015 (N = 1231). Burnout was measured with the validated Dutch translation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, covering the characteristics emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment. Work engagement was measured with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, covering the characteristics vigour, dedication and absorption. Gender differences in residents’ engagement and burnout characteristics in 2005 and 2015 were analysed using hierarchical regression analyses. Factorial analyses of variance were used to compare gender differences in residents’ burnout and engagement characteristics in general surgery with those in internal medicine.

Results

In both years, female residents reported higher emotional exhaustion, lower depersonalisation, personal accomplishment, and vigour than males. These gender differences were similar in general surgery and internal medicine.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated unchanged gender differences in burnout and work engagement characteristics among residents after 10 years of demographic feminisation (increasing female representation), indicating higher risk for burnout and lower work engagement among females, both in surgical and non-surgical specialties. In view of the ever-increasing number of female residents, educators and hospitals need to create supporting work environments that safeguard residents’ well-being.
Transformation Behaviors and Microstructure Modifications in Hydrogen-Charged Ti–Ni Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Kalbekov Alimzhan , Akamine Hiroshi , Ajito Saya , Akiyama Eiji , Hata Satoshi , Nishida Minoru
Published: June 2024

The effect of hydrogen charging duration on the transformation behavior, microstructural evolution, and dynamic microstructural changes associated with thermoelastic martensitic transformation in Ti–Ni shape memory alloy was investigated. Compared with the uncharged specimen, the martensitic transformation start (Ms) and reverse transformation finish (Af) temperatures increased with charging time, whereas the martensitic transformation finish and reverse transformation start temperatures remained almost unchanged. In situ SEM results were consistent with these behaviors. Upon cooling, the transformation progressed from the center to the surface in charged specimens, indicating a higher transformation temperature in the center than the surface. The latent heat of transformation decreased with increasing charging time, quantitatively attributed to an untransformed region consisting of hydrogen-induced martensite and a hydrogen-affected layer. The hydrostatic effect from those layers on the interior B2 phase was proposed as the origin of the increased Ms and Af temperatures.
Simultaneous genetic transformation and genome editing of mixed lines in soybean (Glycine max) and maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Valentine Michelle , Butruille David , Achard Frederic , Beach Steven , Brower-Toland Brent , Cargill Edward , Hassebrock Megan , Rinehart Jennifer , Ream Thomas , Chen Yurong
Published: June 2024

Robust genome editing technologies are becoming part of the crop breeding toolbox. Currently, genome editing is usually conducted either at a single locus, or multiple loci, in a variety at one time. Massively parallel genomics platforms, multifaceted genome editing capabilities, and flexible transformation systems enable targeted variation at nearly any locus, across the spectrum of genotypes within a species. We demonstrate here the simultaneous transformation and editing of many genotypes, by targeting mixed seed embryo explants with genome editing machinery, followed by re-identification through genotyping after plant regeneration. Transformation and Editing of Mixed Lines (TREDMIL) produced transformed individuals representing 101 of 104 (97%) mixed elite genotypes in soybean; and 22 of 40 (55%) and 9 of 36 (25%) mixed maize female and male elite inbred genotypes, respectively. Characterization of edited genotypes for the regenerated individuals identified over 800 distinct edits at the Determinate1 (Dt1) locus in samples from 101 soybean genotypes and 95 distinct Brown midrib3 (Bm3) edits in samples from 17 maize genotypes. These results illustrate how TREDMIL can help accelerate the development and deployment of customized crop varieties for future precision breeding.
Emerging Challenges for Cleaner Production Networks – The decline of the Global Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production Network (RECPnet)
Authors: Muzamwese Tawanda Collins
Published: June 2024

Cleaner production has been channelled through National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPCs) across the world since the year 1994. In order to strengthen the scaling up and replication of Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP) in developing and transition countries, the Global Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production Network (RECPnet) was formed as a platform for networking, knowledge exchange and information transfer. However, the success of such networks can become short-lived if there is no funding strategy beyond project financing and if individual network members fail to take ownership of the network. This research assesses the role of the Global RECPnet in promoting cleaner production and analyses the challenges that the network faced in ensuring its continuity beyond project finance. The research further identifies barriers in the advancement of the Global RECPnet and its goals. A Case Study methodology was used and within the case study, interviews were undertaken with key industry experts in the field of Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP). Questionnaires were also send to selected members of the network. Content analysis was undertaken on publicly available Global RECPnet documents and evaluation reports. We conclude that networks such as Global RECPnet are effective drivers of cleaner production, but require a plan for network survival beyond patron agencies. However, without patron agencies and international funders, the network proved not to be viable, as most of the members could not finance their own subscriptions. We propose for a hybrid mechanism of network financing and dealing with dependencies on development support.
Fusing multi-source social media data and street view imagery to inform urban space quality: a study of user perceptions at Kampong Glam and Haji Lane
Authors: Wang Yue
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a novel approach to urban perception studies by integrating street view imagery and multi-source social media data to infer user perceptions and preferences of urban spaces, thereby informing placemaking strategies. With advanced pre-trained Google Cloud Vision AI, this study regards street view imagery as a baseline to compare with user-generated content from social media platforms, namely, Flickr, TripAdvisor, and X (formerly Twitter), together revealing spatial elements perceived by users and diverse demands across users groups. The research evaluates urban space qualities at two spatial levels through a case study at Kampong Glam district and Haji Lane, focusing on Uniqueness, Vitality, and Liveability derived from classic urban theories. The transition in user focus from spatial and transport features in Google Street View to activities and decorations in Flickr imagery emphasizes the spatial features that contribute to Uniqueness and Vitality. In addition, textual data from Twitter and TripAdvisor differentiate residents' and tourists' perceptions of Liveability, encompassing aspects like History, Religion, Space, and Activity. The findings articulate alignments of users' perceptions from street to district levels and diverse preferences on spatial features contributing to Uniqueness, Vitality, and Liveability, offering valuable insights for user-centric placemaking and urban planning.
Prediction of the mechanical performance of polyethylene fiber-based engineered cementitious composite (PE-ECC)
Authors: Hossain Shameem , Uddin Md Nasir , Yan Kangtai , Hossain Md Minaz , Golder Md Sabbir Hossen , Hoque Md Ahatasamul
Published: June 2024

In recent years, extensive research has focused on applying machine learning (ML) techniques to predict the properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs). ECCs exhibit crucial characteristics such as compressive strength (CS), tensile strength (TS), and tensile strain (TSt). Accurate forecasting of these critical properties can reduce material waste, lower construction expenses, and expedite project timelines for engineers and designers. This study investigates mixture design components and corresponding strengths of ECCs based on only polyethylene fiber drawing from existing literatures. Artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed to predict CS, TS, and TSt using a dataset of 339 experimental results with twelve input variables. The ANN models, implemented in MATLAB, consider various hidden layers and neurons to optimize accuracy and validation metrics demonstrate the model's high accuracy. Sensitivity analysis explores individual parameter impacts. Drawing inspiration from this study, it would be advantageous to enhance the predictive modeling toolkit by leveraging the progress made in existing technologies, thereby driving the green and low-carbon development of civil engineering. This approach not only improves the efficiency and sustainability of construction practices but also aligns with global environmental goals by reducing the carbon footprint associated with civil engineering projects.
UK pediatric critical care society research priorities revisited following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mustafa Khurram , Menzies Julie , Ray Samiran , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Tume Lyvonne N. ,   Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group (PCCS-SG)
Published: June 2024

Purpose

A research prioritisation exercise was undertaken by the UK Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group in 2018. Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic occurred and several multi-centre studies have been, or are being, conducted to address topics prioritised by healthcare professionals and parents. We aimed to determine how these priorities had changed in five years and post COVID-19 pandemic and compare these to international PICU priorities.

Methods

A modified three-round e-Delphi study was conducted in 2022 with surveys sent to all members of the Paediatric Critical Care Society. Following this, the top 20 topics were ranked and voted on using the Hanlon method in an online consensus webinar.

Results

247 research topics were submitted by 85 respondents in Round one. 135 of these were categorised into 12 domains and put forward into Round two, and were scored by 112 participants. 45 highest scoring topics were included in Round three and these were re-scored by 67 participants. Following this, the top 20 topics were voted on (using the Hanlon method) in an online consensus webinar in November 2022, to generate a top 10 list of priority research topics for pediatric critical care in 2023. The top research priorities related to complex decision-making in relation to withdrawing/withholding critical care, antimicrobial therapy and rapid diagnostics, intravenous fluid restriction, long-term outcomes, staffing and retention, implementation science and the role of artificial intelligence.

Conclusion

Some of the research priorities for pediatric critical care in the UK have changed over the last five years and there are similar priorities in other high-income countries with a potential for multi-national collaborations to address these key areas.
The research landscape of renal cancer ablation
Authors: Mahmood Hassan , Deshwal Avinash , Khalid Aleena
Published: June 2024

Background

Renal ablation has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment option for kidney cancer. This systematic review uses bibliometric analysis to identify the influential publications, authors, institutions, and countries in the field of renal cancer ablation.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted using the Web of Science database, and data on authors, publications, citations, affiliations, and keywords were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using several software tools, including Bibliometrix, Microsoft Excel, Tableau, VoxViewer, and R.

Results

A total of 285 documents were detected, with a significant positive correlation between the year of publication and number of articles. The majority of papers were on “Radiofrequency Ablation” (n = 145) with significant less literature on other forms of renal ablation. The top 10 most prolific journals published 48% of all articles. The United States was the most prolific contributor (n = 113), with Harvard being the most productive (n = 33) and cited institution (2231 citations). Liang P. was the most prolific author (n = 18), Mueller, P.R. was the most cited (1493 citations) and Gervais, D.A. the most collaborative. The three most frequently used author keywords were “renal cell carcinoma,” “radiofrequency ablation,” and “microwave ablation.”

Discussion

This study offers a comprehensive overview of the knowledge base surrounding renal cancer ablation, providing insight into the most influential publications, authors, institutions, countries, and emerging topics. While the majority of the current literature is on RFA, our analysis suggests a growing interest and focus on alternative ablation techniques such as microwave and cryoablation in recent years.
Sulfide Copper‐Iron Isotopic Fractionation During Formation of the Kalatongke Magmatic Cu‐Ni Sulfide Deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Tang Dongmei , Qin Kezhang , Evans Noreen J. , Wang Haoru
Published: June 2024

Copper and iron isotopic signatures in sulfide and silicate minerals are important genetic indicators in magmatic sulfide deposits. Kalatongke is a large‐scale magmatic Cu‐Ni sulfide deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, and one that experienced multiple stages of magmatism and contamination. It is an ideal deposit in which to study Cu‐Fe isotopic fractionation during multiple stages of magmatism and sulfide mineralization processes. The Kalatongke sulfide orebodies are hosted by three small mafic intrusions in which pyroxene and sulfides (pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite) are the most common Fe‐rich minerals, and chalcopyrite is the dominant Cu‐rich mineral. Sulfide liquid and silicate melt ▵56FeSul‐Sil (0.03–0.19‰) and ▵65CuCcp‐Sil (−0.78–0.74‰) values are indicative of non‐equilibrium fractionation. Most of the Cu isotope compositions in the sulfide ores at Kalatongke can be modeled as subduction‐ metasomatized, oxidized mantle source‐derived silicate melt (initial δ57Fe = 0.15‰, δ65Cu = −0.07‰) that underwent lower crustal contamination, and then reacted with silicate melt, having an R factor of 100–1,000. Rapid silicate melt and sulfide liquid Fe isotope exchange and re‐equilibration between chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite in the massive ores is reflected in the similarity of their δ56Fe values. Sulfide in disseminated ores shows a range of Fe isotope ratios, influenced by the proportions of monosulfide solid solution (MSS) and intermediate solid solution (ISS) formed. Copper isotopes can be utilized to characterize crustal contamination and silicate melt‐sulfide liquid interaction, while the Fe isotope ratios of sulfide minerals record sulfide liquid segregation and evolution in magmatic sulfide deposits.
ENSO‐Related Precursor Pathways of Interannual Thermal Anomalies Identified Using a Transformer‐Based Deep Learning Model in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Zhou Lu , Zhang Rong‐Hua
Published: June 2024

Recent studies have demonstrated great values of deep‐learning (DL) methods for improving El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictions. However, the black‐box nature of DL makes it challenging to physically interpret mechanisms responsible for successful ENSO predictions. Here, we demonstrate an interpretable method by performing perturbation experiments to predictors and quantifying input‐output relationships in predictions by using a transformer‐based model; ENSO‐related thermal precursors serving as initial conditions during multi‐month time intervals (TIs) are identified in the equatorial‐northern Pacific, acting to precondition input predictors to provide for long‐lead ENSO predictability. Results reveal the existence of upper‐ocean temperature anomaly pathways and consistent phase propagations of thermal precursors around the tropical Pacific. It is illustrated that three‐dimensional thermal fields and their basinwide evolution during long TIs act to enhance long‐lead prediction skills of ENSO. These physically explainable results indicate that neural networks can adequately represent predictable precursors in the input predictors for successful ENSO predictions.
Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) as a target in dopamine catabolite-mediated cellular dyshomeostasis
Authors: Masato Anna , Andolfo Annapaola , Favetta Giulia , Bellini Edoardo Niccolò , Cogo Susanna , Dalla Valle Luisa , Boassa Daniela , Greggio Elisa , Plotegher Nicoletta , Bubacco Luigi
Published: June 2024

Alterations in the dopamine catabolic pathway are known to contribute to the degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The progressive cellular buildup of the highly reactive intermediate 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehye (DOPAL) generates protein cross-linking, oligomerization of the PD-linked αSynuclein (αSyn) and imbalance in protein quality control. In this scenario, the autophagic cargo sequestome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) emerges as a target of DOPAL-dependent oligomerization and accumulation in cytosolic clusters. Although DOPAL-induced oxidative stress and activation of the Nrf2 pathway promote p62 expression, p62 oligomerization rather seems to be a consequence of direct DOPAL modification. DOPAL-induced p62 clusters are positive for ubiquitin and accumulate within lysosomal-related structures, likely affecting the autophagy-lysosomal functionality. Finally, p62 oligomerization and clustering is synergistically augmented by DOPAL-induced αSyn buildup. Hence, the substantial impact on p62 proteostasis caused by DOPAL appears of relevance for dopaminergic neurodegeneration, in which the progressive failure of degradative pathways and the deposition of proteins like αSyn, ubiquitin and p62 in inclusion bodies represent a major trait of PD pathology.
TauP301L disengages from the proteosome core complex and neurogranin coincident with enhanced neuronal network excitability
Authors: Hole Katriona L. , Zhu Bangfu , Huggon Laura , Brown Jon T. , Mason Jody M. , Williams Robert J.
Published: June 2024

Tauopathies are characterised by the pathological accumulation of misfolded tau. The emerging view is that toxic tau species drive synaptic dysfunction and potentially tau propagation before measurable neurodegeneration is evident, but the underlying molecular events are not well defined. Human non-mutated 0N4R tau (tauWT) and P301L mutant 0N4R tau (tauP301L) were expressed in mouse primary cortical neurons using adeno-associated viruses to monitor early molecular changes and synaptic function before the onset of neuronal loss. In this model tauP301L was differentially phosphorylated relative to tauwt with a notable increase in phosphorylation at ser262. Affinity purification - mass spectrometry combined with tandem mass tagging was used to quantitatively compare the tauWT and tauP301L interactomes. This revealed an enrichment of tauP301L with ribosomal proteins but a decreased interaction with the proteasome core complex and reduced tauP301L degradation. Differences in the interaction of tauP301L with members of a key synaptic calcium-calmodulin signalling pathway were also identified, most notably, increased association with CaMKII but reduced association with calcineurin and the candidate AD biomarker neurogranin. Decreased association of neurogranin to tauP301L corresponded with the appearance of enhanced levels of extracellular neurogranin suggestive of potential release or leakage from synapses. Finally, analysis of neuronal network activity using micro-electrode arrays showed that overexpression of tauP301L promoted basal hyperexcitability coincident with these changes in the tau interactome and implicating tau in specific early alterations in synaptic function.
APR-246 as a radiosensitization strategy for mutant p53 cancers treated with alpha-particles-based radiotherapy
Authors: Michaeli Or , Luz Ishai , Vatarescu Maayan , Manko Tal , Weizman Noam , Korotinsky Yevgeniya , Tsitrina Alexandra , Braiman Alex , Arazi Lior , Cooks Tomer
Published: June 2024

Radiation therapy (RT) remains a common treatment for cancer patients worldwide, despite the development of targeted biological compounds and immunotherapeutic drugs. The challenge in RT lies in delivering a lethal dose to the cancerous site while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Low linear energy transfer (low-LET) and high linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiations have distinct effects on cells. High-LET radiation, such as alpha particles, induces clustered DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), potentially inducing cell death more effectively. However, due to limited range, alpha-particle therapies have been restricted. In human cancer, mutations in TP53 (encoding for the p53 tumor suppressor) are the most common genetic alteration. It was previously reported that cells carrying wild-type (WT) p53 exhibit accelerated senescence and significant rates of apoptosis in response to RT, whereas cells harboring mutant p53 (mutp53) do not. This study investigated the combination of the alpha-emitting atoms RT based on internal Radium-224 (224Ra) sources and systemic APR-246 (a p53 reactivating compound) to treat tumors with mutant p53. Cellular models of colorectal cancer (CRC) or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harboring mutant p53, were exposed to alpha particles, and tumor xenografts with mutant p53 were treated using224Ra source and APR-246. Effects on cell survival and tumor growth, were assessed. The spread of alpha emitters in tumors was also evaluated as well as the spatial distribution of apoptosis within the treated tumors. We show that mutant p53 cancer cells exhibit radio-sensitivity to alpha particles in vitro and to alpha-particles-based RT in vivo. APR-246 treatment enhanced sensitivity to alpha radiation, leading to reduced tumor growth and increased rates of tumor eradication. Combining alpha-particles-based RT with p53 restoration via APR-246 triggered cell death, resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to provide a promising approach for improving treatment outcomes in patients with mutant p53 tumors.