bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of taxation on the activities of innovative enterprises, taking into account the current economic situation
Authors: Musaev R.M  , Ibragimov N.F.
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates major points of the successful functioning and modernization of the national economy is the transfer of the economy to an innovative development path, the creation of a high-tech and competitive economy. In the transition to the modern model of economic growth, the level of activity of enterprises is of great importance, where high activity is ensured by the leading role of the state in stimulating and determining national priorities and the active influence of the state on the process of innovative development through mechanisms of state tax stimulation of economic development. In conclusion, it makes an emphasis on both theoretical and methodological basis as a whole.
Theoretical fundamentals of financial health of the enterprise
Authors: Nozimov Eldor Anvarovich
Published: March 2020

This article highlights the importance of financial well-being in enterprises, the importance of organizing it on the basis of legal documents, diagnosing the economic situation of insolvent enterprises, and improving the business environment in a competitive environment.
Banks' loans to reduce the risk of leasing lines
Authors: Nozimov Eldor Anvarovich
Published: March 2020

In this article, theoretical views on leasing lending, improving lending practices and ways to reduce risks, as well as current problems and their practical solutions and prospects for future development will be widely considered.
Electronic payment : current scenario and scope for improvement
Authors: M.B Saikrishna
Published: March 2020

Today E- payments are growing at the highest rate. Having a card has become the need of every person. Nowadays everybody wants to use these services. Technology has arguably made our lives easier. One of the technological innovations in banking,  finance, and commerce is electronic payments. Electronic payments reference to the technological breakthrough that enables us to perform financial transactions electronically. Thus avoiding long lines and other hassles. Electronic payment: current scenario and scope for improvement.
Professional profile - as an important way of protecting the young generation
Authors: Khujanova Tamara Juraevna
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the scientific ideological prevention as a factor in the protection of the younger generation. The imposition of ideological immunity in the minds of citizens begins with the family. The root of the concept of love for the Motherland lies, first of all, in the family, in the means of upbringing, and then in the teachings of our ancestors, oriental kindness. Various forms of education and training play an important role in nurturing these concepts in the hearts and minds of young people.
Isolation and identification of microorganisms from water samples in rivers state university of science and technology tanks
Authors: Oyim Otu Jonathan , Grace Buekor Nyornebari , Baranu B. S.
Published: March 2020

Safe drinking water is vital for the survival of humans and other living organisms that depend on it, but when pathogens are present, it limits the use of the water. The microorganisms present in Rivers State University of Science and Technology hostels water tanks were isolated and identified; and the effects of the microbes were determined. Six (6) water samples gotten from different tanks were analysed for their microbiological quality for a period of three (3) weeks. Fungal colonies were isolated using the wet mount technique on commercially prepared Potato dextrose agar (PDA), the multiple tube fermentation technique with MacConkey broth and Nutrient agar were used as media for the isolation and identification of the bacterial colonies. From the analysis, the bacterial count was higher than the fungal count. This indicates faecal contamination ranging between 5 x 100 to 2.6 x 101 coliform (MPN) per 100ml. Also, the total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 4.05 x 106 to 1.14 x 107 with the fungal count being the lowest by having 7.0 x 104 to 1.8 x 105. The microorganisms isolated from the water tank samples were Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Rhizopus species, Mucor species, Escherichia species, Enterobacter species, Bacillus species, Pseudomonas species and Klebsiella species. Klebsiella species which are high across all samples have been known to cause destructive pneumonia. The occurrence of these pathogenic bacteria in drinking water may increase the risks of water-related diseases and health problems to the susceptible residents
Identification of channel diversion and bank protection techniques for toorsa river
Authors: Monika Thapa  , Nimesh Chhetri  , Jigme Yoezer  , Leki Tenzin  , Narendra Chhetri  , Sangay Wangdi
Published: March 2020

This project aims for desigining of flood embankment structures to accommodate both normal flows as well as the highest designed flood for the return period of 100 years form flood frequency analysis. The new channel dimensions are being determined and embankment protection works for the floods are being designed and recommended. Having found steel sheet pile more advantages and safety, the same is recommended for the river training works. The focus of the project was confined to the channel diversion along with proper embankment works. The methodology included the usage of several approaches such as ARC –GIS to obtain catchment area and cross section of the river,and hydraulics analysis was done using HEC-RAS and the slope/W analysis check was done for the stability of the embankment works. The laboratory test such as sieve analysis, bulk density test, specific gravity test was done to determine the classification of the soil, compaction of the soil, to use different parameter for the desigini g works.
Aetiology and outcome of non-traumatic coma in African children: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ray Stephen , Fuller Charlotte , Boubour Alexandra , Bonnett Laura , Seydel Karl , Griffiths Michael
Published: March 2020

Background: Non-traumatic coma is a common acute childhood presentation to healthcare facilities in Africa and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Historically, the majority of cases were attributed to cerebral malaria (CM), but with the recent drastic reduction in malaria incidence, non-malarial coma is a larger proportion of cases, and determining the aetiology is diagnostically challenging, particularly in resource-limited settings. The purpose of this paper is to provide a protocol for a systematic review on the aetiology and clinical outcome of non-traumatic coma in African children.Methods: The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus. Published articles of all languages and publication date on non-traumatic coma in African children will be included. Disease-specific articles will also be included, providing that coma is associated. Two authors will independently assess the studies for risk of bias, following which the data will be analysed, synthesised, and discussed.Discussion: This systematic review will provide a summary of the best available evidence on the aetiology and outcome of non-traumatic coma in African children. This review is registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020141937).
A novel effective therapeutic approach for treatment of Leishmania tropica through Miltefosine Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Momin , Shereen Muhammad Adnan , Khokhar Mehvish , Kamil Atif , Rahman Hazir
Published: March 2020

Objectives The aim of the present study was to develop miltefosine loaded chitosan nanoparticles (MLCNPs) to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of conventional miltefosine drug and to compare the in vitro activities of both forms of the drug against Leishmania tropica. Methods MLCNPs were synthesized through ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). For the stabilization of nanoparticles, a controlled oxidation of MLCNPs was done with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The anti-leishmanial activities of MLCNP were determined by MTT cell viability colorimetric assay. The in vitro hemolysis assay was performed for assessment of toxicity in the human blood. Results The MLCNPS displayed spherical shape with irregular surface morphology, had a mean size of 200nm and a zeta potential of +10.9 ± 4 mV. A high encapsulation efficacy and drug loading capacity of miltefosine loaded chitosan nanoparticles was also observed. The anti-leishmanial activities of MLCNP were determined by MTT cell viability colorimetric assay. The IC50 value of MLCNPs against promastigote and amastigote were recorded as 0.85µg/ml and 0.92µg/ml respectively. MLCNPs proved to be more effective as compared to conventional miltefosine. In terms of toxicity the MLCNPs caused only 2.25% hemolysis. Conclusions The engineered MLCNPs could be potential alternative for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Improving the effectiveness of point of care tests for malaria and anaemia: A qualitative study across three Ghanaian antenatal clinics
Authors: Palmer Tanith , Aiyenigba Abiola O , Bates Imelda , Okyere Doris Dokua , Tagbor Harry , Ampofo Gifty Dufie
Published: March 2020

Background Anaemia and malaria are both major contributors to maternal and child mortality, and morbidity, with some of the worst outcomes occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Point of care tests (POCT), if used appropriately, provide a simple, inexpensive form of diagnostic testing, as a reliable alternative when laboratory tests are not readily available. In such resource limited settings, clinical staff tend to rely on symptom-based diagnosis and presumptive treatment. This study uses qualitative methods to identify the current practice of POCT use for malaria and anaemia, to explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation of these POCT, and to determine how relationships between each of the stakeholder groups may impact on POCT use. Methods Staff (clinical and laboratory) and patients (pregnant women) at three antenatal care facilities within the Ashanti Region of Ghana participated in interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). An initial coding framework was developed based on the pre-defined objectives of the study. Thematic analysis was used to identify subthemes and categories within each of the key themes. Results At the time data were collected all three facilities used malaria POCT either as an adjunct to microscopy, or as their only form of malaria testing. Although all three facilities were familiar with haemoglobin colour scale (HCS), none of the facilities used them routinely. Clinical staff perceived symptom-based diagnosis was a quick way to diagnosis because access to POCT during consultations was unreliable, but recognized disadvantages associated with symptom-based diagnosis. Perceived advantages of malaria and anaemia POCT were user-friendliness, improved diagnosis and opportunity for patient engagement, as well as lower cost implication for patients. Perceived disadvantages included likelihood of missed diagnosis of mild anaemia, as well as likelihood of human error leading to in accurate diagnosis which could impact on patient trust. Poor communication and lack of trust between staff groups was also identified as a barrier to effective uptake of POCT. Conclusions Consistent supply of POCT as well as staff training and staff and patient engagement, are fundamental to successful uptake of POCT for effective malaria and anaemia management.
Fossil-calibrated molecular phylogeny of atlantid heteropods (Gastropoda, Pterotracheoidea)
Authors: Wall-Palmer Deborah , Janssen Arie W , Goetze Erica , Choo Le Qin , Mekkes Lisette , Peijnenburg Katja T. C. A.
Published: March 2020

The aragonite shelled, planktonic gastropod family Atlantidae (shelled heteropods) is likely to be one of the first groups to be impacted by imminent ocean changes, including ocean warming and ocean acidification. With a fossil record spanning at least 100 Million years (Ma), atlantids have experienced and survived global-scale ocean changes and extinction events in the past. However, the diversification patterns and tempo of evolution in this family are largely unknown. Based on a concatenated maximum likelihood phylogeny of three genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial DNA, 28S and 18S ribosomal rRNA) we show that the three extant genera of the family Atlantidae, Atlanta, Protatlanta and Oxygyrus, form monophyletic clades. The genus Atlanta is split into two groups, one exhibiting smaller, well ornamented shells, and the other having larger, less ornamented shells. The fossil record, in combination with a fossil-calibrated phylogeny suggest that large scale atlantid extinction was accompanied by considerable and rapid diversification over the last 25 Ma, potentially driven by vicariance events. Now confronted with a rapidly changing modern ocean, the ability of atlantids to survive past global change crises gives some optimism that they may be able to persist through the Anthropocene.
Longitudinal trajectory of disability in community-dwelling older adults: An observational cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Park Yu Rang , Kim Hae Reong , Lee Hea yon , Seong Yoonje , Lee Eunju , Jung Hee-Won , Jang Il-Young
Published: March 2020

Background Disability, which is considered a health-related condition, increases care demands and socioeconomic burdens for both families and communities. To confirm the trend of dynamic longitudinal changes in disability, this study aims to explore how disability is divided by the trajectory method, which deals with time-sequenced data. Additionally, this study examines the differences in demographics, geriatric conditions, and time spent at home among the trajectory groups in community-dwelling older adults. Home time is defined as the period during which the patient was not in hospital or health care facility during their lifetime. Methods Records of 786 community-dwelling older participants were analyzed from the Aging Study of PyeongChang Rural Area, a population-based cohort study that took place over three years. Using 7 domains of activity of daily living and 10 domains of instrumental activity of daily living, participants were grouped into no dependency (0 disabled domain), mild (1 disabled domain), and severe (2 or more disabled domains) disability groups. The longitudinal trajectory group of disability was calculated as a trajectory method. Three distinct trajectory groups were calculated over time: a relatively-stable group (78.5%; n=617), a gradually-aggravated group (16.0%; n=126), and a rapidly-deteriorated group (5.5%; n=43). Results It was found that 78.5% of patients showed relatively no dependence and 5.5% of older adults in rural area showed severe dependence. Through applying the trajectory method, it was shown that the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score was 10.2 points in the relatively-stable group and 3.1 points in the rapidly-deteriorating group by the 3 rd year. Additionally, home time decrement was more pronounced in the trajectory method (3.33% between the rapidly-deteriorated group and the relatively-stable group), than in the conventional method (2.53% between the no dependency group and the severe-dependent group). Conclusions This study shows the difference in demographics and geriatric conditions (such as SPPB) through the examination of longitudinal trajectory groups of disability in community-dwelling older adults. Significant differences were also found in the amount of home time among the trajectory groups.
The Effect of ten-minute dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: a randomized simulation pilot study
Authors: Fukushima Hidetada , Asai Hideki , Seki Tadahiko , Takano Keisuke , Bolstad Francesco
Published: March 2020

Background Immediate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential for survival from sudden cardiac arrest. Current CPR guidelines recommend that dispatchers assist lay rescuers performing CPR (dispatch-assisted CPR: DACPR), which can double the frequency of bystander CPR. Laypersons, however, are not familiar with receiving CPR instructions from dispatchers. DACPR training can be beneficial for lay rescuers, but this needs to be validated. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of brief DACPR training for lay rescuers in addition to a standard CPR training course. Methods We conducted a randomized DACPR simulation pilot study. Participants with no CPR training within 1 year prior to this study were assigned randomly to one of two 90-minute CPR training courses (DACPR Group: a standard CPR course including DACPR training for 10 minutes or Standard Group: a standard CPR course with a simple lecture of dispatchers’ role). In the DACPR Group, participants practiced DACPR through role-playing of a dispatcher and an emergency caller. Six months after the training, the subjects in both groups performed CPR for 2 minutes under instruction by off-duty dispatchers. Results Out of the 66 participants, 59 (DACPR Group; 30, Standard Group; 29) completed the simulation. The CPR quality was similar between the two groups. However, the median time interval between call receipt and the first dispatch-assisted compression was faster in the DACPR group (108 s vs. 129 s, p = 0.042). Conclusions This brief DACPR training can be effective for lay rescuers to start chest compressions more quickly.
Pulmonary edema lead by circulation overload following shoulder arthroscopy under general anesthesia with nerve block: an observational study
Authors: Zhang Gang , Wan Qihai , Huang Xiaoyan , Luo Chunqiong , Shui Yunhua , Zhang Lan
Published: March 2020

Purpose : Shoulder arthroscopy requires a large of irrigation for a better surgical view, resulting in circulatory overload. This study was performed to p rove whether pulmonary edema will be lead by a large of irrigation . Materials and Methods : General anesthesia with interscalene block was induced before operation. The primary outcome was ultrasound evaluation of B lines from the time before nerve block to the time 10 hours after operation. The secondary outcomes included oxygenation index, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, visual analogue scale, muscle strength grade. Results : A total of 93 patients were evaluated. Before surgery, B lines failed to be detected. While the highest total incidence of B lines was 49.4%, occured at 4 hours after surgery. The highest incidence s of severe and moderate pulmonary edema were 3.2% (P=0.081) and 9.7% (P=0.002), respectively. B lines were also found on both the affected and healthy side. During operation, the incidence of type 1 respiratory failure was 5.4% (P=0.023) and that of both type 1 and 2 respiratory failure were 6.5% (P=0.013). Pain was relieved in 6 hours after surgery (VAS<3). At 12 hours after operation, the VAS of resting and motion were 4.68±2.27, 6.90±2.43, respectively. While the grade of muscle strength was 4.48±0.51 at 12 hours after operation. Conclusions : There is a high incidence of pulmonary edema in shoulder arthroscopy, and ultrasound is an convenient tool to evaluate this complication . Pain is relieved in 6 hours after surgery by nerve block. While muscle strength can also recover at 12 hours after surgery.
Complications of cricothyroidotomy versus tracheostomy in emergency surgical airway management: A systematic review
Authors: Zasso Fabricio Batistella , You-Ten Kong Eric , Ryu Michelle , Losyeva Khrystyna , Tanwani Jaya , Siddiqui Naveed
Published: March 2020

Background Airway guidelines recommend an emergency surgical airway as a potential life-saving treatment in a “Can’t Intubate, Can’t Oxygenate” (CICO) situation. Surgical airways can be achieved either through a cricothyroidotomy or tracheostomy. The current literature has limited data regarding complications of cricothyroidotomy and tracheostomy in an emergency situation, such as in a CICO scenario. The objective of this systematic review is to analyze complications following cricothyroidotomy and tracheostomy in this situation. Methods This synthesis of literature was exempt from ethics approval. Eight databases were searched from inception to October 2018, using a comprehensive search strategy. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials or observational studies reporting complications following emergency surgical airway. Complications were classified as minor (evolving to spontaneous remission or not requiring intervention or not persisting chronically), major (requiring intervention or persisting chronically), early (from the start of the procedure up to seven days) and late (beyond seven days of the procedure). Results We retrieved 2,659 references from our search criteria. Following the removal of duplicates, title and abstract review, 33 articles were selected for full-text reading. 21 articles were finally included in the systematic review. We found no differences in minor, major or early complications between the two techniques. However, late complications were significantly more frequent in the tracheostomy group [OR (95% CI) 0.21 (0.20-0.22), p<0.0001]. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that cricothyroidotomies performed in emergent situations resulted in fewer late complications than tracheostomies. This may be indicative that cricothyroidotomy is safer than tracheostomy as an emergency surgical airway. This finding supports the recommendations from the latest Difficult Airway Society (DAS) guidelines regarding using cricothyroidotomy as the technique of choice for emergency surgical airway in a CICO situation.
Maternal hemodynamics during labor epidural analgesia with and without adrenaline: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: Haidl Felix , Tronstad Christian , Rosseland Leiv Arne , Dahl Vegard
Published: March 2020

Background: Pregnancy in general and labor in particular is associated with changes in maternal hemodynamic parameters such as increased cardiac output and heart rate, with peaks during uterine contractions. Adrenaline may be added to labor epidural solutions to enhance efficiency, but the hemodynamic fluctuations may increase. The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic changes of epidural drug solution with or without adrenaline 2 µg.ml -1 and to provide pilot data for a larger study. Methods: Forty-one nulliparous laboring women requesting epidural analgesia were randomized to epidural solution of bupivacaine 1mg.ml -1 , fentanyl 2 µg.ml -1 with or without adrenaline 2 µg.ml -1 . The participants were monitored with the Nexfin CC continuous non-invasive blood pressure and cardiac output monitor. The primary outcomes were changes in peak systolic blood pressure and cardiac output at uterine contraction within 30 minutes after epidural activation. The effect of adrenaline was tested statistically by a linear mixed effects model of the outcome variables’ dependency on time, adrenaline and their interaction. Results: The addition of adrenaline to the solution had no statistically significant effect on the temporal changes in peak systolic blood pressure (mean change 0.23 mmHg.min -1 95% CI [-0.17; 0.64] p=0.26), peak cardiac output (mean change 0.0029 l.min -1 .min -1 95 % CI [-0.026; 0.032] 0.84), or heart rate (mean change 0.015 beats.min -1 .min -1 95 % CI [-0.25; 0.28] p=0.91).
The application of preoperative self-anticipating pain scores in predicting surgical pain after elective surgery
Authors: Chang Wei-Shu , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Chen Moa-Chu , Chang Shu-Ching , Chen Tzu-Shan , Chang Yun-Chi , Lam Chen-Fuh , Tsai Yu-Chuan
Published: March 2020

Background Current principles of postoperative pain management are primarily based on the types and extent of surgical intervention. This clinical study measured patient’s self-anticipating pain score before operation, and correlated the scores with the actual pain levels and analgesic requirement after operation. Methods This prospective cross-sectional, observational study recruited consecutive patients who received elective surgery in the E-Da Hospital, Taiwan from June to August 2018. Patients were invited to complete a structured questionnaire during preoperative anesthesia assessment that surveyed patient’s self-anticipating pain level (numeric rating scale, NRS 0-10) for the scheduled procedure. The actual pain score (visual analogue scale, VAS) experienced by the patient and the total equivalent dose of opioids administered after operation were recorded. Results A total of 996 patients were recruited and 1 patients were excluded due to incomplete data. Most of the patients (86%) received general anesthesia and 73.9% of them had prior operation history. Patients with younger ages (<40 years) and those took regular benzodiazepine for sleep disorder anticipated significantly higher pain levels. Male patients anticipated significantly lower NRS than females (odd ratio 1.710; 95% CI 1.254-2.331). Patients who scheduled for laparotomy, orthopedic surgery or long procedures had higher anticipating NRS. Although higher anticipating NRS were associated with higher postoperative VAS scores and higher total equivalent opioid dose for acute pain management, these surgical patients actually experienced less VAS than they anticipated at the post-anesthesia care unit. Conclusion This observational study found that female, younger age (<40 years), regular benzodiazepine user and patients who scheduled for long procedure (>2 h), laparotomy or orthopedic surgery are anticipating significantly higher surgical-related pain. Therefore, appropriate preoperative counseling for analgesic control and elimination of unnecessary anticipating pain levels in these patients would be necessary to improve the quality of anesthesia service and patient’s satisfaction.
Impact of obesity on short- and long-term mortality in patients with sepsis: A retrospective analysis of the large clinical database MIMIC-III
Authors: Wang Danni , Liang Xin , Xia Shiyu , Song Fei , Ru Huangyao , Yin Hui , Li Lixia , Pan Zhiguo , Dai Liangcheng , Su Lei
Published: March 2020

Background The purpose of our study was to explore the relationship between body weight and short- and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 11,499 patients with sepsis at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, MA, USA) registered in the Medical Information Market Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database from 2001 to 2012. Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the relationships between body mass index and 30-day and 1-year mortality. Results Patients were divided into four groups according to body mass index (underweight: 336 [6.0%]; normal weight: 1,752 [31.4%]; overweight: 1,563 [28.1%]; and obese: 1,920 [34.5%]), 30-day mortality (42.3%, 36.6%, 32.2%, and 29.6%; p<0.001), 1-year mortality, (64.6%, 56.8%, 52.5%, and 46.7%; p<0.001), and in-hospital mortality (35.4%, 34.3%, 31.6%, and 29.9%; p=0.018). In addition, obese patients had notably longer mechanical ventilation periods and intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed that underweight patients had a 13% and 24% increased risk of death within 30 days and 1 year, respectively, compared with normal-weight patients. For overweight patients, these risks were 17% and 14% lower, respectively, than those reported for normal-weight patients. For obese patients, these risks were 22% and 21% lower than those observed in normal-weight patients. Conclusion This retrospective analysis showed that overweight or obese patients showed improved survival within 30 days and 1 year after admission to the intensive care unit.
Impact of guided self-study on learning success in undergraduate physiotherapy students in Switzerland – a feasibility study of a higher education intervention
Authors: Rogan Slavko , Taeymans Jan , Zuber Stefan , Zinzen Evert
Published: March 2020

Background: Guided self-study (G-SS) can be used as a self-directed learning method (andragogy) or self-determined learning (heutagogy) that fosters changes in knowledge and skills in a higher physiotherapy education setting. Until now, there has been no empirical evidence for the use of G-SS in higher physiotherapy education. Furthermore, and to the best of our knowledge, no practical guidelines for G-SS exist for physiotherapy undergraduate students to foster changes in knowledge and skills. This higher education feasibility study aimed to investigate the feasibility to establish a G-SS program in a fulltime undergraduate physiotherapy degree course at the Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Switzerland. In addition, the effectiveness of the G-SS was assessed on changes in knowledge and skills. Method: Fifty-one first-semester physiotherapy students volunteered from BFH. They were randomly divided into a G-SS group or control group (CG). The G-SS group received six cases. Each case was processed in an eight-day cycle. One week in advance, the clinical case (i.e. description of a patient and the symptoms) and learning goals were provided to the students electronically (day 1). The students prepared the cases in groups and were guided (e.g. via Skype) by the tutor during this preparation time (day 2 to 7). The results of the group work were presented and reflected on during a moderated plenum session (90 minutes) at day 8. The primary outcome parameters were i) exposure as the number of G-SS sessions performed over 90 minutes, ii) the responsiveness of students with a previously determined 83% willingness to participate in the G-SS program iii) program differentiation, to illustrate the difference between G-SS content and the curriculum and the total score in the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and written exams. Statistical analyses were conducted using an Intention-To-Treat (ITT) approach. Results: All six G-SS sessions on day 8 were performed over 90 minutes. The responsiveness of students as willing to participate in the G-SS program was 23%, clearly below the set 83%, and in terms of program differentiation, no differences were found between G-SS program and normal curriculum content. G-SS as compared to the CG scored significantly better on OSCE (p < 0.01) and on the written exam (p < 0.04). Conclusion: The results showed that this higher education G-SS program in its current form was not feasible. Slight modification of the study protocol (e.g. better time planning in the academic calendar) is needed to improve the student’s responsiveness. The adjustments to the timetable must allow the physiotherapy students to prepare the clinical cases. G-SS have the potential to promote change in knowledge and skills in undergraduate physiotherapy students when students prepare the case, present the case solutions and reflect upon their actions.
HPV detection within a case series of chagasic megaesophagus associated or not with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Munari Fernanda Franco , Sichero Laura , Cruvinel-Carloni Adriana , Lacerda Croider Franco , Nunes Emily Montosa , Oliveira Antônio Talvane Torres de , Scapulatempo-Neto Cristovam , Silva Sandra Regina Morini da , Crema Eduardo , Adad Sheila Jorge , Rodrigues Maria Aparecida Marchesan , Henry Maria Aparecida Coelho Arruda , Guimarães Denise Peixoto , Reis Rui Manuel , Villa Luisa Lina , Longatto-Filho Adhemar
Published: March 2020

Background Chagasic megaesophagus (clinical manifestation of chagasic disease) has been reported as an etiological factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, as well as the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV). Objective We accessed the prevalence of HPV DNA in a series of squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus associated or not with the chagasic megaesophagus, and within samples of chagasic megaesophagus without cancer. Data obtained was further correlated to the pathological clinical data of affected individuals. Methods Retrospective study that used a total 92 samples tissue/biopsy specimens of formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues were retrospectively collected from the southeast region of Brazil from patients treated in three hospitals: Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo; Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais; and São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo. Cases were divided in three groups: i) 24 patients with chagasic megaesophagus associated with esophageal ESCC (CM/ESCC); ii) 37 patients with esophageal ESCC without chagasic megaesophagus (ESCC); iii) 31 patients with chagasic megaesophagus without esophageal ESCC (CM). Results We detected a higher prevalence of high-risk HPVs in patients from both CM (12/31, 38.8%) and CM/ESCC groups (8/24, 33.3%), as compared to individuals of the ESCC group (6/37, 16.3%), although data was not statistically significant. We further observed that HPV-16 was more prevalent in patients of the ESCC (4/9, 44.5%) and CM/ESCC groups (2/8, 25.0%). In addition, some of these samples presented infection by multiple HPV types. High-risk HPVs detected were HPV-31, 45, 51, 53, 56, 66, and 73, of which the majority was identified in patients from the CM group. Furthermore, low-risk HPV-11 and HPV-70 were identified in individuals from both ESCC and CM groups. Conclusion This is the first report regarding the presence of HPV DNA in megaesophagus associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In the present study, HPV infection appears to be directly related to the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients with chagasic megaesophagus. Further studies are warrantee to confirm and better understand the role of oncogenic HPV persistent infection in these patients.
Correlation of giant earthquakes with the lunar phase in seven Indo-Pacific subduction zones and around Mongolia
Authors: Fujii Yoshiaki , Tsuboi Yusuke , Kodama Jun-ichi , Fukuda Daisuke
Published: March 2020

Variation in the approximately semidiurnal tidal force affects earthquake occurrence. This paper statistically demonstrates that giant earthquakes occur at lunar phases specific to particular seismic zones. Careful observation during the lunar cycle, especially when seismicity is occurring, should significantly reduce the damage from giant earthquakes. A case study in which a giant earthquake occurred after seismicity was concentrated within the specific lunar phase is discussed.
TNIK swaths AR to WNT pathway and drives Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jiang Ning , Guo Tao , Wang Miaomiao , Liao Yihao , Ma Fuling , Gao Jie , Wang Youzhi , Wang Keke , Wu Yudong , Morales Amilcar Flores , Niu Yuanjie
Published: March 2020

Background: The development of CRPCa was driven by complex genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that remained poorly understood. TNIK (Traf2 and Nck-interacting kinase) has been reported to be a serine/threonine kinase and associated with tumor cell proliferation or unfavorable cancer behavior. The present study was conducted to investigate the TNIK gene expressions in CRPCa. Methods: Using a microarray approach, we identified higher expression of TNIK in CRPCa. The interaction between AR and H3K27me3 upon TNIK depression was determined through molecular and cell biological methods. Co-immunoprecipitations assays were Performed to confirm that TNIK interacted and phosphorylated with β-catenin in CRPCa cell. Results: Specifically we found AR repressed TNIK gene transcription via forming complex with H3K27me3. TNIK was recruited to promote transcription of Wnt target genes in a β-catenin-dependent manner in C4-2 cells. In vitro binding showed that TNIK directly band and phosphorylated β-catenin. Depletion or mutant of TNIK kinase abrogated β-catenin transcription, highlighting the essential function of TNIK kinase activity in Wnt target gene activation. Conclusions: Our findings revealed a regulatory role of AR in TNIK repressor, TNIK interacted with β-catenin and phosphorylated activaing Wnt pathway to promote CRPCa progression. TNIK may present an attractive candidate for drug targeting in CRPCa.
The NAI Profile: An Interview With Dr. Steven C. Currall
Authors: Currall Steven C. , Macuare Kimberly A.
Published: March 2020

Dr. Steven C. Currall, international innovation thought leader, experienced higher education leader, and scholar of organizational behavior and management, recently sat down for an in- terview with Technology & Innovation to discuss his new role as leader of a fast-rising
research university, the innovation gap in the U.S., and the twenty-first century university.
Highlights from the Eighth Annual Meeting of The National Academy of Inventors
Authors: Macuare Kimberly A. , Sanberg Paul R.
Published: March 2020

This article presents highlights from the Eighth Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Inventors (NAI), which was held April 10 to 11, 2019, in Houston, Texas. The NAI meeting is held each year to honor academic invention and inventors, to inspire invention and invention networks,
and to raise the profile of university and non-profit research. The 2019 meeting, "Connecting the Innovation Community", foregrounded the important relationships and nexuses among the institutions and organizations that support invention and entrepreneurship.
The Luminosity Lab—An Interdisciplinary Model of Discovery and Innovation for the 21st Century
Authors: Naufel Mark
Published: March 2020

Historically, higher education institutions have been designed with a focus on developing mastery and furthering the body of knowledge within distinct academic disciplines. Unfortunately, this intended design has resulted in a lack of collaboration between academic units and has stifled
interdisciplinary research between students and faculty across domains. The Luminosity Lab, located at Arizona State University, is an archetype for a new model of collaborative interdisciplinary research teams. Exceptional students are hand-selected from all areas of the university and come
together to fuse youthful spirit, academic prowess, and business acumen—the makings of a 'great group.' Students work together to produce system-level projects that are capable of having a large-scale societal impact. Building upon concepts from systems engineering, the lab employs the
use of a view model to analyze current and future systems from various viewpoints (e.g., enterprise, functional, computational, engineering, technology, services, standards). By leveraging the strengths of systems thinking, strategic design, and agile methodologies, our interdisciplinary team
is positioned to tackle systemic challenges in domains such as healthcare, energy, education, and global climate. This model of interdisciplinary research was tested at Arizona State University across three academic years with participation from over 100 students, who represented more than
20 academic disciplines. The results have shown successful integration of interdisciplinary expertise to identify unmet needs, design innovative concepts, and develop research-informed solutions. By adopting this approach, higher education institutions can begin to break down the walls that
exist between academic units and start to use a holistic view of research and innovation for solving global issues.
Inclusive Innovation: Creating a Conference To Promote Diversity in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math
Authors: Rahhal Tojan B. , Devlin Steven L. , Loboa Elizabeth G.
Published: March 2020

The College of Engineering at the University of Missouri, Columbia (MU Engineering) develops engineering leaders who positively influence society and bring innovation to the global workforce. Recruiting top students from around the world to fuel an atmosphere of excellence and cutting-edge
growth, MU Engineering prepares out-of-the-box thinkers, innovators, and entrepreneurs who stand ready to lead today and adapt to tomorrow. To engage all of our students with industry in an inclusive space, the MU Engineering Office of Diversity and Outreach Initiatives established the Diverse
Engineering Professionals Conference in 2017 in partnership with a student committee. The committee included representatives from various organizations, including the National Society of Black Engineers, Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers, Engineering Student Council, Society of Women
Engineers, and Out in STEM. Industrial sponsorships were secured with assistance from the MU Engineering Leadership, Engagement and Career Development Academy. The daylong conference recognizes diversity organizations and diverse students and their achievements while promoting our core college
values of integrity, excellence, and collaboration. The conference includes professional development and diversity education workshops, research presentations, keynote speakers, and a closing ceremony. In its first year, the conference featured nine companies and attracted about 75 attendees.
In year two, the conference nearly doubled its impact with 12 companies and 150 attendees, including students from all majors, years, and demographics. The conference was well received across both years and continues to grow as an annual effort in the college. Feedback from company representatives
and students re-emphasized the need for an intimate company-student environment like that found at the Diverse Engineering Professionals Conference.
Key Takeaways from "The Intersection of University Inventions and Recent Cases at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)"
Authors: Maas Andrew , Deshpande Kaylan , Friesen Kyle E. , Yates Jay
Published: March 2020

This article provides a brief summary of the discussion, presentation, and knowledge shared during the Eight Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Inventors held in Houston, Texas, in April 2019. The panel, "The Intersection of University Inventions and Recent Cases at the Patent
Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)," focused on university inventions and the PTAB, with perspectives from a university technology transfer office, a PTAB administrative patent judge, and attorneys practicing before the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and in Federal District Court.
The panel was led by Andrew Maas of Louisiana State University and included Kalyan Deshpande of the USPTO; Kyle Friesen of Shook, Hardy & Bacon; and Jay Yates of Patterson + Sheridan. The panel busted myths and provided helpful information and perspective on the PTAB.
Telling Cases That Inform an Understanding of Factors Impacting the Development of Inventors From Diverse Backgrounds
Authors: Couch Stephanie , Skukauskaite Audra , Estabrooks Leigh B.
Published: March 2020

The lack of diversity among patent holders in the United States (1-3) is a topic that is being discussed by federal policymakers. Available data suggests that prolific patent holders and leading technology innovators are 88.3% male and nearly 94.3% Asian, Pacific Islander, or White,
and half of the diversity that does exist is among those who are foreign born (3). The data shows that there is a need for greater diversity among patent holders. Few studies, however, are available to guide the work of educators creating learning opportunities to help young people from diverse
backgrounds learn to invent. Educators must navigate issues that have complex sociocultural and historical dimensions (4), which shape the ideas of those surrounding them regarding who can invent, with whom, under what conditions, and for what purposes. In this paper, we report the results
of an ongoing multimethod study of an invention education pro- gram that has worked with teachers and students in Grades 6 through 12 for the past 16 years. Findings stem from an analysis of end-of-year experience surveys and interview transcripts of six students (three young men and three
young women) who participated in high school InvenTeams®. The data were used to investigate three topics: 1) ways high school students who have participated on an InvenTeam conceptualize the term "failure" and what it means to "learn from failure," 2) what supported and constrained the
work of the three young women during their InvenTeams experience and the implications for policy makers concerned about the gender gap in patenting, and 3) ways the young men and young women took up (or didn't take up) the identity of "inventor" after working on a team that developed a working
prototype of an invention during the previous school year.
Removing Barriers to Regenerative Medicine And Promoting Innovative Applications: The Discovery Of Human Endogenous Pluripotent Muse Cells
Authors: Dezawa Mari
Published: March 2020

Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are naturally existing, non-tumorigenic reparative endogenous stem cells identified by SSEA-3 expression. Muse cells are able to differentiate into nearly all cell types in the body, mobilize from the bone marrow to the peripheral
blood and distribute to the connective tissue of organs, and contribute to daily minute repair of damaged/lost cells by spontaneous differentiation into tissue-compatible cells. Endogenous Muse cells express receptors for damage signaling by sphingosine-1-phosphate and are thus able to specifically
home to sites of damage to regenerate healthy tissue by simultaneous differentiation into multiple tissue-constituent cells. When the number of endogenous Muse cells is not sufficient, administration of exogenous Muse cells delivers robust functional recovery. Muse cells do not need to be
"induced" or genetically manipulated to exhibit pluripotency or to differentiate into various cell types for clinical use. Intravenous drip is the main method of administration, making surgery unnecessary. Furthermore, because Muse cells have an immunomodulatory system similar to the placenta,
donor-derived Muse cells can be directly administered to patients without human leukocyte antigen-matching or immunosuppression therapy. Clinical trials for the treatment of myocardial infarction, stroke, and epidermolysis bullosa by intravenous delivery of donor-derived Muse cells are currently
being conducted by the Life Science Institute Inc., a member of the Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation. Overall, Muse cells may safely provide clinically relevant regenerative effects compatible with the 'body's natural repair systems' by a simple, cost-effective strategy—collection
of Muse cells, large-scale expansion, and intravenous administration.
The State of the Academy: Commentary on the Growth Of the National Academy of Inventors
Authors: Sanberg Paul R. , Schreiber Christina
Published: March 2020

The National Academy of Inventors (NAI) held the Eighth Annual Meeting of the NAI in Houston, TX, in April 2019. The event, whose theme was "Connecting the Innovation Community," consisted of lectures, presentations, and discussions on the most pressing issues facing academic invention
today. In his State of the Academy address, Paul R. Sanberg, president of the NAI, discussed the year's advances, including two new initiatives launched in 2018: the Senior Members program and the Global Academic Inventors Network. He also provided updates on existing programs, such as the
NAI Fellows program and the Chapter program.