bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
American Gastroenterological Association-American College of Gastroenterology Clinical Practice Guideline: Pharmacological Management of Chronic Idiopathic Constipation
Authors: Chang Lin , Chey William D. , Imdad Aamer , Almario Christopher V. , Bharucha Adil E. , Diem Susan , Greer Katarina B. , Hanson Brian , Harris Lucinda A. , Ko Cynthia , Murad M. Hassan , Patel Amit , Shah Eric D. , Lembo Anthony J. , Sultan Shahnaz
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is a common disorder associated with significant impairment in quality of life. This clinical practice guideline, jointly developed by the American Gastroenterological Association and the American College of Gastroenterology, aims to inform clinicians and patients by providing evidence-based practice recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of CIC in adults.

METHODS:

The American Gastroenterological Association and the American College of Gastroenterology formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel that conducted systematic reviews of the following agents: fiber, osmotic laxatives (polyethylene glycol, magnesium oxide, lactulose), stimulant laxatives (bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, senna), secretagogues (lubiprostone, linaclotide, plecanatide), and serotonin type 4 agonist (prucalopride). The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework to assess the certainty of evidence for each intervention. The Evidence to Decision framework was used to develop clinical recommendations based on the balance between the desirable and undesirable effects, patient values, costs, and health equity considerations.

RESULTS:

The panel agreed on 10 recommendations for the pharmacological management of CIC in adults. Based on available evidence, the panel made strong recommendations for the use of polyethylene glycol, sodium picosulfate, linaclotide, plecanatide, and prucalopride for CIC in adults. Conditional recommendations were made for the use of fiber, lactulose, senna, magnesium oxide, and lubiprostone.

DISCUSSION:

This document provides a comprehensive outline of the various over-the-counter and prescription pharmacological agents available for the treatment of CIC. The guidelines are meant to provide a framework for approaching the management of CIC; clinical providers should engage in shared decision making based on patient preferences as well as medication cost and availability. Limitations and gaps in the evidence are highlighted to help guide future research opportunities and enhance the care of patients with chronic constipation.
Everyone Starts Somewhere
Authors: Kozma Alicia
Published: May 2023

Chapter 5 begins by examining the set of her films that firmly embed Rothman in the industrial milieu that is second wave exploitation: Blood Bath/Track of the Vampire (1966) and It's a Bikini World (1967). The chapter provides a historical, critical, and textual analysis of the films Rothman directed while she was working with producer Roger Corman under the banners of FilmGroup and American International Pictures (AIP).
New Worlds
Authors: Kozma Alicia
Published: May 2023

Chapter 7 draws inspiration from the changes wrought by the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, uncovering women's shifting desires and social expectations in The Velvet Vampire (1971) and Group Marriage (1972). Traversing through polyamory, fetish, collective living, and queer worldmaking, these films are speculative imaginings of the possibilities of women's realized desires, sexual and otherwise.
Conclusion as Inclusion
Authors: Rountree Wendy
Published: May 2023

This chapter provides a conclusion that encourages the reader to continue the discussion of the relationship between Children’s Literature and space. The chapter acknowledges that binaries, such as adult/child space, are useful organizational tools but advises the reader to see beyond the binaries to re-examine children’s relationships to space. The chapter further points out that fictional experiences of space are interconnected with real experiences of space, thus the questions explored by the essays in this book raise questions about children’s real-world experiences of space.
“Rude Girls and Dangerous Women”
Authors: Ann Abate Michelle
Published: May 2023

In the 1990s, key American lesbian comic strips focused on the expression and projection of anger, both depicting and fomenting dyke rage. The characteristic affective register of the work of the era’s definitive lesbian comics creators—Dianne DiMassa, Roberta Gregory, Alison Bechdel, Jennifer Camper, and Ariel Schrag—is one of shared anger, funny disgruntlement, and determined resistance to injustice. Abate reasons that their comics normalize the potency of lesbian rage as an appropriate response to injustice and oppression that emerges from a desire to provoke political action and to propel social and intersectional transformation. Noting recurrent formal and thematic motifs that connect LGBTQ+ comics characters to their sympathetic readers, Abate observes that the rage within 1990s lesbian comics expresses these works’ encouragement of the political power of their LGBTQ+ readers’ own anger.
Activism and Solidarity in the Comics of Howard Cruse
Authors: Cheney Matthew
Published: May 2023

In Howard Cruse’s “Wendel” comics, the queer humanity of the strip’s characters emerges via their different responses to shared experiences of gay alienation. Differences in outlook, privilege, race, age, physicality, and self-esteem do not impede their coming together as friends who understand one another’s experiences of precarity and find solace and exhilaration in surviving together. Understanding and channeling the restorative, edifying, and unifying power that comes from seeing aspects of oneself in others’ experiences of difference, oppression, and self-affirmation are central to Cruse’s magisterial, long-form comic Stuck Rubber Baby (1995), the first queer graphic novel to be published by a mainstream press.
Pixel Fantasies and Futures
Authors: Young Lin
Published: May 2023

LGBTQ+ webcomics allow creators to explore queer lives without orienting their stories around or defining them in relation to ideas of homophobia, heterosexism, or political oppression and its resistance. Recent narratives of hope and normalization in LGBTQ+ webcomics represent a new type of visibility and community for queers, a de-politicized mode of story-telling that looks to detach its narrative conflicts from any obligation to represent or acknowledge social and/or political oppression.
Making Space
Authors: Lirette Emma Christopher
Published: May 2023

Blending personal anecdote with scholarly observation and data, Lirette examines the decline in shrimping activity in terms of economy and practice. The chapter draws from the ideas of Michel Foucault, Ernst Bloch, and José Esteban Muñoz. The author suggests that “it might be best to describe the space that shrimpers inhabit on the trawl boat as a place between utopia (no place) and topia (a place)” as they persist in a practice that struggles to keep up with the modern world.
A Brief History of the Pre-Bust Louisiana Shrimp Fishery
Authors: Lirette Emma Christopher
Published: May 2023

This chapter looks at the rise and fall of the shrimping industry in Louisiana, from the 1800s to the modern day. The early canning efforts of George W. Dunbar and his sons in the late 1800s brought a boom to the shrimping industry in Louisiana. By the 1920s, shrimping used trawlers to harvest the region’s seafloors. Demand for shrimp generally increased, especially with the rise of refrigerators. The industry in Louisiana began to decline in the 1980s due to overseas shrimping in Southeast Asia, causing prices to collapse. Subsequent environmental disasters contributed further to the decline.
Blood Magic and Cruelty
Authors: Lirette Emma Christopher
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores the threads between blood genealogy, ethnicity, culture, and memory, observing that the idea of “in my blood” creates an ancestral identity into one’s own interior self. The creation of worlds through work combined with mournful and genealogical orientation is a type of blood magic: a sacrifice cut out so that one might live, transformed. The magic of the shrimping life, born in blood and from a sacrifice of livelihood and relevancy in twenty-first-century America, embeds—moors—shrimpers into their environment, their locality, and the matrix of blood that flows across family and cultural practice.
Bodies of Water
Authors: Lirette Emma Christopher
Published: May 2023

The author traces a local history of naming watery bodies and the erosion of the borders between formerly discrete places. She pushes back against the etymological suggestion of “bodies of water,” which suggests that different parts of the sea can be different and separate identities of one singular sea.
Bodies on the Water
Authors: Lirette Emma Christopher
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores the allure of being on the water. Noting that the male body is the commonly accepted “body on the water,” Lirette notes: “the male body on the waters of coastal Louisiana, according to its shrimpers, should have a nervous competency, a nautical wanderlust, and a willingness to both throw itself onto the sea and persist there.” However, despite the siren song of the water, it can also destroy the body.
Courtship, Marriage, and Raising Children
Authors: Niles John D.
Published: May 2023

This chapter begins with two of Williamson’s love songs, then introduces a song in Travellers’ cant, “My Wee Maggie,” about a runaway marriage involving two of Duncan’s relatives from a prior generation. Duncan then tells of how he and his first wife Jeannie were married in Glasgow when she was sixteen years old, and of how he encouraged his own children to respect wildlife while learning about sex and birth by growing up around domesticated animals. He speaks disparagingly of parents who try to shape children to their own mold, and the laments the practice whereby Traveller children used to be taken from their parents by civil authorities. The chapter concludes with a story, “The Boy and the Horn Spoon,” about an infant of Traveller parentage who was adopted by a wealthy settled couple but whose identity as a Traveller found expression all the same once he grew into boyhood.
Complicating Today’s Myth of the Myth of the Lost Cause
Authors: Thomas Brook
Published: May 2023

This chapter argues that readers cannot understand the difficulties of achieving racial justice in the present without doing justice to the complicated past that generated the Confederate monument controversy. Employing a cultural approach that relies on the literary technique of close reading to explore the complicated history of the myth of the Lost Cause, this chapter shows that the past being erased in today’s debates is not the Civil War and the South’s defense of slavery but the role played by the country’s retreat from Reconstruction. The chapter then analyzes the 1887 dedication of the John C. Calhoun monument in Charleston, South Carolina. To conclude, it traces the changing significance of Calhoun’s monument over time by drawing on what literary critics call a history of reception. In doing so, it poses a challenge to those intent on racial reconciliation today.
Performing Counter-Monumentality of the Civil War in Natasha Trethewey’s Native Guard and Suzan-Lori Parks’s Father Comes Home from the Wars: Parts 1, 2, and 3
Authors: McCormick Stacie
Published: May 2023

This chapter argues that the counter-narrativizing of the Civil War constitutes a form of counter-monumentality, or a direct response to Confederate monumentality. Natasha Trethewey’s Native Guard and Suzan-Lori Parks’s Father Comes Home from the Wars: Parts 1, 2, and 3 produce dynamic narratives that aim to account for Black experience and portray the affective registers that the Civil War calls up for Black subjects: intimacy with death, traumas of memory, desires for freedom, and the need to derive unity from fragmentation. The ephemerality of performance distinguishes Trethewey’s and Parks’s efforts from other counter-monuments and enables them to articulate Black subjects' ambivalent relation to the nation through Black embodiment and materiality.
Teaching Confederate Monuments as American Literature
Authors: Tanglen Randi Lynn
Published: May 2023

This chapter outlines a close reading assignment in which students researched the history and reception of the local Confederate monument in Sherman, Texas. This place-based assignment can be built into any number of US literature courses-surveys, topics courses, and seminars-and adapted to any community or campus with a Confederate monument or access to online resources for Confederate monument research. The chapter then explains how the author used this assignment in two different classes as a lens for identifying and critically engaging the subtext of white supremacy in the US literature many education students will one day teach, particularly Harper Lee’s popular novel To Kill a Mockingbird. In another class for upper-division English majors, the Confederate monument assignment highlighted the present-day relevance and urgency of Charles Chesnutt’s critique of Confederate ideology in The Marrow of Tradition.
Afterword
Authors: Davis-McElligatt Joanna
Published: May 2023

This chapter meditates on the experience of living in the wake of two American revolts-the international uprisings during the summer of 2020 in response to the murder of George Floyd and the white supremacist insurrection at the Capitol Building on January 6, 2021. In the aftermath of the revolts, the chapter suggests, readers might be prompted into increasingly critical examinations of their interactions with and the proliferation of the symbols, systems, and ideologies of white power in both digital and material spaces. The chapter then goes on to detail the author’s experiences with the Denton Confederate Soldier Monument in Denton, Texas, suggesting that its recent removal offers a tentative place to begin imagining new futures.
Natural Disasters
Authors: Monge Luigi
Published: May 2023

This chapter comprises the study of twelve sub-chapters delving into natural disasters that elicited more than one song each, and a miscellaneous sub-chapter dealing with several other unidentified calamities that produced only one song. The study of each disaster starts with a short historical introduction, which includes general information such as death toll, property damage, social and racial contextualization of the event, etc. The cultural impact of hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, droughts, and other natural disasters is scrutinized through the lens of black singers’ and composers’ song lyrics. A multidisciplinary analytic method drawing from sources such as geography, history, black culture, blues and gospel literature, folklore, ethnomusicology, etc. is used to analyze sacred and secular African American song lyrics. A comparison between white and black song lyrics recounting the same natural disaster sheds new light on black singers’ multifaceted approach and on the two communities’ different attitudes toward tragic events.
Accidental Disasters
Authors: Monge Luigi
Published: May 2023

This chapter includes the study of five sub-chapters delving into accidental disasters that elicited more than one song each, and a miscellaneous sub-chapter dealing with several other man-made catastrophes that produced only one song. The study of each disaster starts with a short historical introduction. The same multidisciplinary method adopted to analyze sacred and secular African American song lyrics about natural disasters provides remarkably different results because of the diverse nature of human-caused disasters. The social and racial theme developed in the cluster of songs dealing with the Casey Jones train wreck, the sinking of the Titanic, the Natchez Rhythm Club fire, the Hindenburg crash and other man-caused tragedies becomes more focused and consistent, especially when disasters exclusively struck the black community (e.g., the Natchez and Scottsboro fires) as opposed to events that hit the white population (e.g., The sinking of the Titanic and the Hindenburg crash).
(Cinematic) Reality
Authors: Redmon Allen H.
Published: May 2023

Chapter Two places the revised notion of the cinematic index within a discussion of cinematic reality. The chapter turns to Christian Metz's insistence that cinema is only ever providing impressions of reality, Berys Gaut's nuanced understanding of cinematic realism, and Richard Rushton's extended discussion of reality in The Reality of Film before describing cinematic reality as the space that opens within a push to document and a pull to animate any idea of reality brought to screen. After a discussion of the particular demands of animation and documentation, the chapter explores the ways these two pressures shape the films of Richard Linklater. The chapter ultimately proposes that Linklater's emphasis draws spectators into the very process of meaning-making that has been described by theorists from Hugo Münsterberg to David Bordwell, and that they do so on the point of the cinematic index.
Trauma
Authors: Redmon Allen H.
Published: May 2023

Chapter Three shows how trauma often forestalls the process of ongoing adaptation the cinematic index can permit. The chapter draws a distinction between films that are traumatized and those that move through trauma. The difference between the two emerges indexically. One sees the former in Manchester by the Sea, which has a character that insists on the impoverished or indefinite index. One sees the latter in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, as the characters find a way to renegotiate their trauma on the point of the intertextual and imaginative index. The section shows by looking at three 9/11 films how the same bifurcation occurs with films of collective trauma. United 93 (2006) and World Trade Center (2006) remain indexically fixed, while the character in Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (2011) eventually finds a way to reimagine his original trauma in what becomes, for the spectator, an imaginative index.
Adaptation
Authors: Redmon Allen H.
Published: May 2023

Chapter Four provides a full account for the process of adaptation the point of the cinematic index can invite spectators to enter. The section insists that cinema, as an indexical art, is constantly providing the opportunity for a new reality behind the image. The task of the spectator, to play on the ideas and title of Walter Benjamin's seminal article, "The Task of the Translator" (1921), becomes an opportunity to redress the images set on screen, to create a reality that has not-yet-been-known. In this way, an opportunity to rewatch the image on the screen always remains. The chapter ends with an extended discussion of the ways Christopher Nolan routinely plays and invites the spectator to play on the point of an index. This play rejects the idea of an authentic reality and, in its place, offers the knowing spectator a chance to extend the intertextual and imaginative indices in new directions in a performance of the image's elasTEXTity.
Before the Field
Authors: Evans David
Published: May 2023

This chapter summarizes the life of co-author David Evans prior to the 1966 field work, his family background, education, interests in folklore, folksong, and blues, his previous field research, and his interactions with African Americans.
Blues Central
Authors: Bokelman Marina
Published: May 2023

This chapter describes the authors’ life in The Gulch, a small enclave of students, artists and eccentrics off Pacific Coast Highway between Santa Monia and Malibu. They describe their home as a hub of blues activity, their friendships with Bill Givens of Origin Jazz Library and Al Wilson of Canned Heat. Their lifestyle sheds light on aspects of the blues revival scene in Los Angeles in the mid-1960s. Photographs of Al Wilson.
Going Up the Country
Authors: Bokelman Marina , Evans David
Published: May 2023

This chapter presents the edited field notes written by the authors during their first field trip in 1966 to record blues music in Louisiana and Mississippi. The notes describe, in great detail, recording and interview sessions, social interactions with musicians and their families and friends, travel, leisure time activities, and problems related to fieldwork. The chapter is generously illustrated by candid, documentary photographs taken by Marina Bokelman.
Home Field Advantage
Authors: Bokelman Marina , Evans David
Published: May 2023

This chapter presents the field notes of the authors written in 1967 describing visits to John Henry “Bubba” Brown, Reverend Rubin Lacy, and K. C. Douglas in California. The visit to Rev. Lacy describes and photographs a complete church service led by Lacy’s fellow pastor at the Union Baptist Church in Bakersfield. The “Bubba” Brown field notes feature verse-by-verse photographs of “Bubba” performing “Ham and Eggs”. The notes describe recording and interview sessions, social interactions with musicians and their families and friends, and problems related to fieldwork.
The Foundations
Authors: Baldrich Juan José
Published: May 2023

Chapter 1 presents tobacco agriculture from the Spanish conquest of the island to the mid nineteenth century. It examines early forms of manufacture, and trade from the onset of colonization to the first half of the nineteenth century. First used for its medicinal properties, Europeans then employed it mostly for pipe smoking and chewing. A colonial product generally eschewed by the Spaniards but prized by the Dutch, it became a mainstay of intense contraband, until the end of the Napoleonic wars when it became the subject of free trade.
Strikes and the Institutionalization of Trade Unions in Tobacco Manufacture, 1892–1927
Authors: Baldrich Juan José
Published: May 2023

Chapter 8 examines strikes and trade unions in tobacco manufacture with emphasis on their articulation. None of the earliest strikes during the 1890s were union led. The broad expansion of cigar making that followed saw an enormous growth in militancy and deep and profound changes to the nature of the strike and its eventual subordination to the trade unions. Thus followed a strong and vigorous spate of union led strikes. The chapter discusses, at times, tense articulation between both forms of organization. By the 1920s, the decomposition of the cigar making craft into simpler tasks, first, and the mechanization of manufacture later, decimated the number of cigar makers. Acting from a position of strength, the PRATCO initiated an aggressive challenge to the unions that ultimately broke their control over the strike. The last major cigar makers’ strike in 1927 was spontaneous, not union led but union supported.
Generation Gap?
Authors: Giannini Erin
Published: May 2023

From a marketing perspective, the decision to set IT: Chapter One in 1985 instead of 1958 makes sense. However, the resonance of shifting the action 25 years forward is neither just good marketing nor a cosmetic change. This article examines both the correspondences and the differences between King’s original text and Andy Muschietti’s time-shifted adaptations. While the thematics of the original remain fairly intact, the 1980s setting allows for differences in both the social matrix in which the characters operate and the elements of their characterization, emphasizing some elements while downplaying others. Making it a Generation X story rather than a Baby Boomer story is significant; however, it ultimately suggests that the socioeconomic and interpersonal dynamics of King’s text, like Pennywise himself, transcend such nostalgic generational distinctions.
“We Oughta Take All These Sonsofbitches Off and Kill Em”
Authors: Hamburger Robert
Published: May 2023

The year following the Hobson incident is spotted with outbreaks of violence. John McFerren was beaten and nearly murdered on December 15, 1969. Within months Shote Wilson was fatally wounded in a gunfight with police and tortured in his dying moments. Then on December 21, 1970, Scott Franklin, one of the founders of the league, was discovered shot to death in the smoldering ruins of his store.
Literacy in the New Negro Era
Authors: Smith Mamie , Hegamin Lucille , Hunter Alberta
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines the ways Cooper and Matthews’ race literature declarations are challenged by New Negro Era writers and entertainers, specifically Angelina Weld Grimké and the classic blues singers. Cooper and Matthews’ hopefulness rest on the belief that the literary imagination expressed in race literature could do some of the work of social advancement and cultural critique, but Grimké notes in her play, Rachel, that a circumscribed life as lived by her Black characters is no real life to live, thus, she complicates notions of literacy as wholly transformational. Meanwhile, the classic blues singers including Mamie Smith belie traditional notions of the literary imagination by performing and writing lyrics that seem anathema to social advancement and cultural critique. This chapter argues the classic blues singers use their imaginations and employ literacies that are specular (i.e., mirroring back communal norms and linguistic traditions) that are equal parts affirmatory and social critique.
Coda
Authors: Women Spectacular
Published: May 2023

This coda summarizes the important contributions made by the Black women examined in this book. These remarkable women used their literacy skills in service to their communities hoping that their words would change the lives of Black people. To that end, these women developed and implemented different strategies as their literacy practices embodied and embraced worldviews they thought most appropriate for real change.
Authentic Antiracism?
Authors: Dubrofsky Rachel E.
Published: May 2023

The final chapter gestures to the ways understanding authenticity as a strategy of whiteness might help us think about how we do the work of anti-racism at a cultural moment that has brought a pandemic—particularly devastating to historically disenfranchised communities—the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, and a surge in domestic white supremacist terrorism. The chapter looks at the cell phone video of Amy Cooper, the Central Park Karen, and at the documentary about Taylor Swift, Miss Americana, asking if the women are similar in freely claiming their rights—to occupy space, to voice their desires and express their freedom. The chapter highlights how our ways of viewing natural, authentic and good behavior are complicit in structural racism. The chapter closes by detailing how whiteness as a strategy of authenticity runs counter to requirements for white people doing anti-racist work.
Souvenir Area Rugs From Southern Mexico
Authors: Goertzen Chris
Published: May 2023

This chapter concerns handwoven rugs from a small town in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, and, more briefly, carved wooden animals and fantasy figures made in a few other towns in that state. The emphasis here is how these craftsmen are currently reshaping their efforts—how they are seeking shared aesthetic and ideological ground with Mexican and foreign tourists, that is, finding common ground with populaces who are different from them in many ways. The principles discussed are illustrated by many photographs.
Steel-String Guitars in Unprecedented Variety
Authors: Goertzen Chris
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores the processes of intensification as assuming a major role in the shaping of American luthiery, specifically the hand-crafting of steel-string “folk” guitars. Inexpensive guitars permeate mass culture, and there are also a fair number of exquisite and expensive steel string instruments collected by the financial elite. But a world of traditional craftsmanship flourishes between those extremes. During recent decades, the market for high-end and very creatively—and distinctively—shaped instruments has grown dramatically. The principles discussed are illustrated by many photographs.
Qualidade da educação e a formação integral para a cidadania nas prerrogativas dos organismos internacionais
Authors: Miesse Maria Carolina , Sousa Yedda Maria da Silva Caraçato de , Silva Fernando Lazaretti Onorato , Souza Vânia de Fátima Matias de
Published: May 2023

A investigação objetiva compreender o significado conceitual de qualidade da educação e formação integral objetivado nas orientações da UNESCO, voltadas a educação para a cidadania. Refere-se aos resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada na análise documental da Agenda 2030 para a educação (UNESCO, 2016) e do guia pedagógico Educação para a cidadania global: tópicos e objetivos de aprendizagem (UNESCO, 2015). Como resultados, avistamos que essas orientações internacionais embasam as políticas educacionais dos estados nacionais, defendendo uma qualificação que possa ser mensurada, atestando uma formação para o mercado, uma vez que a educação seria um investimento para o desenvolvimento econômico. A formação integral pensada não diz respeito a formação humana emancipatória.
A governança e as políticas educacionais brasileiras: atuação dos aparelhos privados de hegemonia
Authors: Sakata Kelly Leticia da Silva
Published: May 2023

Mediante uma análise teórica gramsciana e pesquisa bibliográfica, este artigo discute o conceito de governança, identificando o aprofundamento da relação público-privada no contexto das políticas educacionais. A discussão orientou-se pela problemática: Qual a conjuntura histórica e política em que emergiu o paradigma da governança e o papel dos Aparelhos Privados de Hegemonia (APHs) no direcionamento das políticas educacionais? Concluiu-se que as políticas educacionais começaram a ser desenvolvidas por meio de coordenação compartilhada com os APHs em 1980. Portanto, esses agentes, para além da implementação de políticas, agem por meio de estratégias, como advocacy e articulação em rede, influenciando a agenda das políticas públicas educacionais.
Da distinção social à performatividade: escolas de excelência no Brasil e no Chile
Authors: Mazoni Anna Rachel Gontijo , Oliveira Dalila Andrade
Published: May 2023

O artigo discute o fenômeno da excelência em educação a partir da comparação entre dois modelos de escola: os tradicionais colégios emblemáticos e as políticas educativas de escolas de excelência, implementadas nas últimas décadas em vários países da América Latina. Com o objetivo de compreender a concepção de excelência que orienta estes modelos de escola, foram analisados programas e instituições de educação média do Brasil e do Chile. Observou-se que a cultura institucional e de gestão presente nos modelos de escola analisados determina, em grande medida, o que se entende por educação de excelência e as estratégias mobilizadas para alcançá-la.
O trabalho como princípio educativo: sentidos da reforma do Ensino Médio e das novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais Gerais para a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica
Authors: Severo Marta Ferreira da Silva , Alves Vânia Maria , Steimbach Allan Andrei
Published: May 2023

Este texto busca, por meio da Lei nº 13415/2017 e da Resolução CNE/CP nº 1, de 5 de janeiro de 2021, investigar como a categoria trabalho se apresenta nas atuais políticas públicas educacionais da Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio, objetivando compreender as suas implicaturas na formação para o mundo do trabalho. A metodologia utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo das categorias: trabalho, trabalho como princípio educativo e formação integral. Foram usadas ainda as pesquisas documental e bibliográfica. Por meio da análise, percebeu-se que a formação para o mundo do trabalho, ocorre de forma aligeirada e rasa, com o objetivo de formar um trabalhador polivalente, flexível e em estado de empregabilidade.
El sistema sacrificial de Levítico y Números en comparación
Authors: Cocco Francesco
Published: May 2023

El libro de Números contiene material literario de carácter legislativo que, a primera vista, parece una mera repetición de tradiciones análogas, contenidas en otras partes de la Torá. Una lectura atenta del texto hace pensar que se trata, más bien, de reformulaciones, e incluso de verdaderos complementos de la legislación anterior. El artículo reflexiona sobre la naturaleza del sistema sacrificial del cuarto libro de Moisés, contenido en Números 28 y 29, para comprender su función en relación con el sistema sacrificial del libro del Levítico.
Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhao Yong , Han Yu , Li Nuo , Fu Wenjie , Luo Guanjun , Tan Yuan , Qian Xuguang
Published: May 2023

We report here the clinical diagnosis and treatment and genetic mutations of an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome (YHFS). The relevant literature review was conducted. A female infant aged 17 months was admitted to Nanhai Affiliated Maternity and Children’s Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine due to “global development delay complicated with postnatal growth retardation for more than 1 year.” The infant was diagnosed with YHFS due to the onset of extremely severe mental retardation, microcephaly, abnormal hearing, severe protein–energy malnutrition, congenital cataract, cleft palate (I°), congenital atrial septal defect, brain atrophy, hydrocephalus, and brain hypoplasia. The whole exon sequencing revealed two compound heterozygous mutations, including a likely pathogenic TELO2 variant, c.2245A > T (p.K749X) from her mother and an uncertain variant, c.2299C > T (p.R767C) from her father, validated by Sanger sequencing. After bilateral cataract surgery, the infant obtained better visual acuity and showed more responses and interactions with her parents. Diagnosis and treatment of this case prompt that these TELO2 variants have not been reported, deepening the understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanism of YHFS in clinical practice.
Rapid and efficient LC-MS/MS diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders: a semi-automated workflow for analysis of organic acids, acylglycines, and acylcarnitines in urine
Authors: Piskláková Barbora , Friedecká Jaroslava , Ivanovová Eliška , Hlídková Eva , Bekárek Vojtěch , Prídavok Matúš , Kvasnička Aleš , Adam Tomáš , Friedecký David
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The analysis of organic acids in urine is an important part of the diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), for which gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is still predominantly used.

Methods

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for urinary organic acids, acylcarnitines and acylglycines was developed and validated. Sample preparation consists only of dilution and the addition of internal standards. Raw data processing is quick and easy using selective scheduled multiple reaction monitoring mode. A robust standardised value calculation as a data transformation together with advanced automatic visualisation tools are applied for easy evaluation of complex data.

Results

The developed method covers 146 biomarkers consisting of organic acids (n=99), acylglycines (n=15) and acylcarnitines (n=32) including all clinically important isomeric compounds present. Linearity with r2>0.98 for 118 analytes, inter-day accuracy between 80 and 120 % and imprecision under 15 % for 120 analytes were achieved. Over 2 years, more than 800 urine samples from children tested for IMDs were analysed. The workflow was evaluated on 93 patient samples and ERNDIM External Quality Assurance samples involving a total of 34 different IMDs.

Conclusions

The established LC-MS/MS workflow offers a comprehensive analysis of a wide range of organic acids, acylcarnitines and acylglycines in urine to perform effective, rapid and sensitive semi-automated diagnosis of more than 80 IMDs.
Carbon emissions analysis of producing modified asphalt with natural asphalt
Authors: Zhang Xiu-feng , Zeng Yun , Feng Yong-nian , Zhang Cheng-xue , Zhang Ling
Published: May 2023

The modification mechanism of modified asphalt with natural asphalt was analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The results show that the modification mechanism of both the natural asphalt and petroleum asphalt is mainly a physical blending process. The polar functional groups contained in natural asphalt make modified asphalt with natural asphalt have characteristic good scaling resistance and water stability. Subsequently, the carbon emissions of each link of asphalt production stage were quantified, and the influence of mining, transportation, and processing on the total carbon emissions were all analyzed by establishing the carbon emission calculation model of asphalt production. The calculation results of GREET model showed that the equivalent carbon dioxide emission (CO2e) of rock asphalt mining was only 9.4% of that of crude oil production. At the same time, the CO2e of modified asphalt with natural asphalt processing was 44.7% lower than that of petroleum asphalt, and the carbon emission of rock asphalt transportation accounted for only 1/3 of that of petroleum asphalt transportation. Furthermore, the increased energy consumption caused by petroleum asphalt transportation and modified asphalt with natural asphalt processing will partially offset the contribution of natural asphalt to reducing carbon emissions. Meanwhile, the CO2e of modified asphalt with natural asphalt was lower than that of petroleum asphalt when the content of natural asphalt exceeded 18%. Thereafter, the analytic hierarchy process calculation results showed that petroleum asphalt processing and transportation had the largest weight of carbon emissions in the production stage of modified asphalt with natural asphalt. Ultimately, it is significant to further reduce carbon emissions by increasing the content of natural asphalt, which will then inevitably lead to the reduction in the production and transportation energy consumption of petroleum asphalt.
Study on diffusion kinetics of chromium and nickel electrochemical co-deposition in a NaCl–KCl–NaF–Cr2O3–NiO molten salt
Authors: Zhang Shixian , Hu Kai , Zhao Xiaoping , Liang Jinglong , Li Yungang
Published: May 2023

The process of preparing surface composite by molten salt co-deposition is the result of the mass transfer of active particles in molten salt, electrochemical reduction, and solid diffusion. In this study, we prepared Cr–Ni alloy/low-carbon steel surface composites in NaCl, KCl, NaF, Cr2O3, and NiO melt salt system successfully, and analyzed the entire diffusion dynamics process, aiming to find out the limiting links and provide ideas for further improving the preparation efficiency. The results show that chromium and nickel ions are simultaneously reduced on the cathode surface through two and one steps, respectively. And an alloy layer with Fe content of 64.52 wt%, Ni content of 28.96 wt%, and Cr content of 6.52 wt% is formed on the surface of low-carbon steel substrate. The average diffusion coefficients of chromium and nickel atoms in the surface composites are 1.16 × 10−14 and 1.44 × 10−14 m2·s−1. The mass transfer process in molten salt is the limiting link in the whole preparation process.
Using Shiny apps for statistical analyses and laboratory workflows
Authors: Gebauer Julian E. , Adler Jakob
Published: May 2023

In many areas of healthcare, digitization has progressed only slowly so far. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in particular has shown how valuable software solutions that are deployable at short notice, can be. In this review we present some selected possibilities of the easy-to-learn programming language R and demonstrate potential applications of the package Shiny in the fields of statistical analysis and laboratory medicine. In addition to a brief tabular overview of published applications, we present two examples of their use in routine laboratory workflows. The first example demonstrates how a Shiny app can be used to estimate the minimal difference (MD) of laboratory analytes, while the second example illustrates how pre- and post-analytical processing steps can be integrated into a fully automated workflow using R and the Shiny package.
Nombre propio de persona y contexto
Authors: Morera Marcial
Published: May 2023

Las tres variantes de expresión que presenta todo nombre propio de persona español en la realidad concreta del hablar (a saber, variante plena, constituida por el nombre de pila y los dos apellidos; variante intermedia, constituida por el nombre de pila y el primer apellido; y variante simple, constituida por el nombre de pila a secas) se encuentran rigurosamente reguladas por el contexto de uso: la variante plena se usa en contextos desconocidos para hablante y oyente; la variante intermedia, en contextos consabidos para hablante y oyente; y la variante simple, en contextos compartidos por hablante y oyente.
Zen and the Art of Thriving in the Clerkship Year of Medical School
Authors: Tribble Curt , Teman Nicholas
Published: May 2023

You, as third year medical students, are all among the best learners on the planet. You had to be to get into this, or any other, medical school. Your academic prowess has been put to good use both prior to and in the first couple of years of med school. However, you are getting ready to start into the rest of your careers, when many, if not most, of those finely tuned academic and personal skills will not be as applicable to learning and working as clinical trainees nor, eventually, medical practitioners, as those skills have been in most of your prior educational experiences. Candidly, when I was making this same transition myself, over four decades ago, it took me a while, probably quite a while, to really come to grips with this transition. Between those days and now, I have spent quite a lot of time immersed in medical education, at every level from younger medical students to chief residents training in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. At each level of your education and training, you will have to sort out the best educational strategies for yourself.
Meta-analysis of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised/Follow-up for Screening
Authors: Aishworiya Ramkumar , Ma Van Kim , Stewart Susan , Hagerman Randi , Feldman Heidi M.
Published: May 2023

CONTEXT

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F) is used worldwide to screen for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

OBJECTIVE

To calculate psychometric properties of the M-CHAT-R/F for subsequent diagnosis of ASD.

DATA SOURCES

Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, SCOPUS, and Trip Pro databases from January 2014 to November 2021.

STUDY SELECTION

Studies were included if they (1) used the M-CHAT-R/F (2) applied standard scoring protocol, (3) used a diagnostic assessment for ASD, and (4) reported at least 1 psychometric property of the M-CHAT-R/F.

DATA EXTRACTION

Two independent reviewers completed screening, full-text review, data extraction, and quality assessment, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. A random-effects model was used to derive pooled estimates and assess for between-study heterogeneity.

RESULTS

Of 667 studies identified, 15 with 18 distinct samples from 10 countries (49 841 children) were used in the meta-analysis. Pooled positive predictive value (PPV), was 57.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 48.6–66.8, τ2 = 0.031). PPV was higher among high-risk (75.6% [95% CI 66.0–85.2]) than low-risk samples (51.2% [95% CI 43.0–59.5]). Pooled negative predictive value was 72.5% (95% CI 62.5–82.4 τ2 = 0.031), sensitivity was 82.6% (95% CI 76.2–88.9) and specificity 45.7% (95% CI 25.0–66.4).

LIMITATIONS

Negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated based on small sample sizes because of limited or no evaluation of screen-negative children.

CONCLUSIONS

These results support use of the M-CHAT-R/F as a screening tool for ASD. Caregiver counseling regarding likelihood of an ASD diagnosis after positive screen should acknowledge the moderate PPV.
Salvador Dalí en los Estados Unidos
Authors: García de la Rasilla Carmen , González de León Fernando , Harkness Shaina , Jeffett William , King Elliott H. , García de la Rasilla Carmen
Published: May 2023

Este estudio sobre Dalí en los Estados Unidos analiza los lazos entre el célebre surrealista español y la cultura norteamericana, simbiosis que resultará instrumental en su éxito y posterior reconocimiento como una figura cultural global. La presente monografía ofrece en este sentido una perspectiva innovadora y mucho más amplia de lo habitual sobre el pintor ampurdanés, estudiado generalmente dentro de sus anclajes culturales europeos: catalán, español o incluso francés. Dalí mismo reconocería: “Sólo América tenía la suficiente riqueza, la inteligencia nueva, la energía disponible para contentar mi hipertrofia de mí mismo y soportar mis caprichos”. No se equivocó; su estrellato pasaba por los Estados Unidos, un país soñado al que él logró fascinar, conquistar y retener para siempre. Los capítulos de este estudio analizan su recorrido por el país desde su llegada, pasando por sus estancias en Virginia, Nueva York y la costa oeste, y revelando algunas de las circunstancias, métodos y claves de su éxito, así como los pasos de una obra que siguió renovándose, enriqueciéndose y haciéndose universal en tierras norteamericanas.
In vitro cytotoxicity and ex-vivo genotoxicity in compounds from Waltheria viscosissima A. St. Hil. Brazilian species of the Malvaceae family sensu lato
Authors: Pereira de Sousa Aleson , Leite Ferreira Maria Denise , Cordeiro Laísa Vilar , Souza Maria de Fátima Vanderlei de , Souza Helivaldo Diógenes da Silva , Silveira e Sá Rita de Cássia da , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Alternative therapies using medicinal plants and herbal medicines have been growing worldwide, as natural treatments have low cost and less toxic effect compared to conventional drugs available. Aim: To evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and ex-vivo genotoxicity of Brazilian species of the Malvaceae family: Waltheria viscosissima A. St. Hil. In vitro methods were used to verify the cytotoxic potential through hemolytic and antihemolytic assays and the ex-vivo genotoxic analysis. Results: The Crude Etanolic Extract (CEE) and Cloroformic Fraction (CF) was obtained in vegetal sample used on this study; the CEE-Wv and CF-Wv products exhibited the lowest cytotoxic potential with hemolysis less than 40% in all concentrations evaluated. A moderate anti-hemolytic effect was described in all samples treated with 500 and 1000 μg/mL, with hemolysis <60 %. In addition, the compounds showed low ex-vivo genotoxic effect with a general index of normal cells greater than 84 % at all concentrations. Conclusion: The results suggest a low toxic profile of the compounds obtained from species of the Malvaceae family, indicating safe limits for the use of these natural products.