bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nilai Indeks Kesiapan Program Modernisasi Irigasi pada Daerah Irigasi Sucen Jawa Tengah
Authors:   Universitas Diponegoro, Kurnia Melfina Roselyn , Sriyana Ignatius ,   Universitas Diponegoro
Published: May 2023

Modernization of irrigation systems plays a huge role in realizing a participatory irrigation management system oriented towards efficiency, effectivity, and sustainability of irrigation systems to support food and water security. This study aims to evaluate the modernization readiness of the Sucen Irrigation, referring to the five pillars of irrigation modernization as measured by the readiness index score (IKMI). The method used in this research is direct observation and interviews. The result from this study shows that Sucen Irrigation Area got a moderate category with a total score of 63.5 which the result for each pillar is 14.8 of the IKMI score for Water Availability, 17 for Irrigation Facilities and Infrastructure, 10.6 for the Irrigation Management System, 14.2 for Institutional Management, and 6.9 for the last pillar which is Human Resources Management. Therefore, the moderate category points to modernization should be postponed to improve the irrigation system within 1-2 years.
Kajian Kebutuhan Ventilasi Alami Ruangan pada Bangunan Gedung
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Winardo Kennardy , Wimala Mia ,   Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
Published: May 2023

The Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 6572:2001 on natural ventilation in buildings has not been updated in the last 20 years, while similar standards in other countries have been periodically improved. The development of science and technology, environmental conditions, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic that affects the entire world are the basis for consideration of the adjustment of related standards. The purpose of this study is to look at the standards for natural ventilation in several countries, namely the United States, Singapore, Malaysia, and Australia, as well as identify criteria that can be applied according to conditions in Indonesia. The results showed that the need for natural ventilation in buildings in Indonesia by 5% has met the existing conditions. However, further studies regarding the need for natural ventilation that are adjusted based on the function of the room as determined by ASHRAE 62.1 need to be carried out.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Pekerja pada Proyek Konstruksi Berdasarkan Latar Belakang Pekerja
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Setiawan Andhika Pradikta , Soekiman Anton ,   Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
Published: May 2023

The benefits of motivation are that the work or task that is the responsibility of the worker will be completed quickly, worker absenteeism can be minimized, and the labor turnover will be smaller. Construction projects can absorb a lot of workers, each worker has a different background, different backgrounds can affect a person's mindset and interest differences, thus affecting the level of motivation and factors that can increase motivation will be different. This research is dedicated to find out what factors can affect the motivation of workers based on the background of workers. There are 30 factors that can increase the motivation of workers obtained from the literature review of previous research, which will be searched for its relationship with the level of motivation of workers by using regression analysis. A total of 212 respondents to obtain sample data to find the relationship of factors that can affect motivation with the level of motivation of workers using regression analysis. From the results of this study, it was found that the factors that have an influence on the motivation of workers in each classification of background, the result is that almost every different background has a different factor that has the most influence on the motivation of workers, so that everyone who has a different background has a different way of increasing motivation.
Prácticas culturales: manejo de arvenses
Authors: Cardona William Andrés , Cardona Cardona Jorge Enrique , Valencia Montoya Jorge Alberto , Bolaños Benavides Martha Marina , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés
Published: May 2023

Las arvenses o mal llamadas “malezas” son plantas que en un momento dado pueden interferir en el desarrollo del cultivo.
Manejo fitosanitario: Rosellinia
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés , Jaimes Suárez Yeirme Yaneth
Published: May 2023

Se presenta con mayor frecuencia en suelos muy ácidos y húmedos, ricos en materia orgánica.Se asocia a suelos con bajo contenido de fosfatos.El manejo de la plantación también es un factor determinante para el desarrollo de la enfermedad.
Prácticas culturales: deshije, deshoje, destronque, desguasque y desinfestación
Authors: Cardona William Andrés , Cardona Cardona Jorge Enrique , Valencia Montoya Jorge Alberto , Bolaños Benavides Martha Marina , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés
Published: May 2023

El cultivo de plátano requiere actividades de mantenimiento que garanticen condiciones óptimas dentro de la plantación y que favorezcan el buen desarrollo de las plantas.
Manejo fitosanitario: Monilia
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés , Jaimes Suárez Yeirme Yaneth
Published: May 2023

Monilia es la enfermedad más importante del cultivo de cacao.
Manejo integrado de enfermedades: reconocimiento y manejo de sigatokas
Authors: Betancourt Vásquez Mónica , Bautista Montealegre Luis Gabriel , Rodríguez Yzquierdo Gustavo Adolfo , Miranda Salas Tatiana Camila , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés
Published: May 2023

La Sigatoka es una enfermedad producida por un hongo denominado Mycosphaerella spp. En plátano se conocen dos tipos de Sigatokas.
Manejo fitosanitario: Mal de machete
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés , Jaimes Suárez Yeirme Yaneth
Published: May 2023

El uso de herramientas que no han sido desinfectadas y los insectos del género Xyleborus predisponen la aparición de esta enfermedad.
Taxonomía y material genético: propagación de material vegetal
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: May 2023

La propagación asexual mediante injertos se emplea para mantener la identidad genética de los materiales en las plantaciones nuevas de cacao.
Manejo de la fertilización integrada: requerimientos nutricionales
Authors: Cardona William Andrés , Bolaños Benavides Martha Marina , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo , Machuca Henao Yuly Marcela
Published: May 2023

La cantidad de nutrientes depende del contenido en el análisis de suelo.
Manejo integrado de enfermedades: reconocimiento y manejo de moko
Authors: Betancourt Vásquez Mónica , Bautista Montealegre Luis Gabriel , Rodríguez Yzquierdo Gustavo Adolfo , Miranda Salas Tatiana Camila , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés
Published: May 2023

Se considera el problema sanitario más importante en el país, con una amplia distribución a nivel nacional. De fácil disperción a través de: fuentes de agua, escorrentía, suelo contaminado, animales domésticos, insectos plaga, herramientas y material de propagación.
Manejo integrado de enfermedades: manejo integrado de bacterioris
Authors: Betancourt Vásquez Mónica , Bautista Montealegre Luis Gabriel , Rodríguez Yzquierdo Gustavo Adolfo , Miranda Salas Tatiana Camila , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés
Published: May 2023

La bacteriosis es una enfermedad causada por la bacteria Dickeya sp. Puede sobrevivir en el suelo y en desechos vegetales. La incidencia de la enfermedad aumenta por prácticas deficientes de manejo del cultivo y por la presencia de heridas en la planta.
Manejo fitosanitario: Perforadores
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: May 2023

Los perforadores del fruto ocasionan daños en los cultivos de cacao en diferentes zonas de Colombia.
Costos de producción
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés , Montealegre Bustos Felipe
Published: May 2023

Se deben determinar a partir de la capacidad de producción de plántulas. Para la inversión total que deben considerar los costos de construcción y dotación del vivero.
Manejo de la fertilización integrada: análisis de suelo
Authors: Cardona William Andrés , Bolaños Benavides Martha Marina , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo , Machuca Henao Yuly Marcela
Published: May 2023

Tenga en cuenta 4 requisitos en su plan de fertilización: aplicación de la fuente correcta de fertilizantes con diferentes nutrientes en el momento, la dosis y el lugar correctos.
Manejo agronómico: sistemas agroforestales
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: May 2023

Un sistema agroforestal integra más de una especie cultivable en la misma área, con el fin de brindar un nivel de luz adecuado al cultivo y lograr el máximo beneficio económico.
Componente ambiental: análisis de suelo
Authors: Contreras Santos José Luis , Martínez Atencia Judith , Falla Guzman Cindy Katherine , Garrido Pineda Jeyson Fernando
Published: May 2023

El análisis de suelo, en conjunto con el conocimiento del sistema productivo, permite determinar las características nutricionales y condiciones adversas que el suelo presenta.
Cosecha y poscosecha: labores y exigencias de poscosecha
Authors: Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo , Alzate Henao Sandra Viviana , Machuca Henao Yuly Marcela , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Cardona Cardona Jorge Enrique
Published: May 2023

Cosecha y poscosecha: labores y exigencias de poscosecha
Taxonomía y material genético
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: May 2023

Los materiales genéticos utilizados como copas de cacao, conocidos como clones, se seleccionan según características.
Manejo de la fertilización integrada: etapa fenológica
Authors: Cardona William Andrés , Bolaños Benavides Martha Marina , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo , Machuca Henao Yuly Marcela , Bautista Montealegre Luis Gabriel
Published: May 2023

Hace referencia a los diferentes cambios que tiene cada cultivo los cuales se relacionan con los momentos en que se debe suministrar cada nutriente.
Manejo agronómico: podas
Authors: Rochel Ortega Elizabeth , Rodríguez Blandón Jefersson Andrés , Suárez Villota Pedro David , Castillo Jorge Andrés
Published: May 2023

Es la labor más importante durante todo el ciclo de vida de la planta; consiste en eliminar las partes vegetales que no son necesarias o que dificultan el desarrollo y producción, con el fin de conformar la estructura del árbol para que exprese su capacidad productiva.
Performance of Contracts upon the Fundamental Change of Circumstances in Vietnam’s Civil Code 2015
Authors: Quynh Hoa Duong
Published: May 2023

While performance of contracts upon the fundamental change of circumstances is not a new matter in the laws of developed countries, it is newly regulated in the 2015 Civil Code of Vietnam. Only now, Vietnam has had guiding documents from competent state agencies on this matter, so the application in practice is still inconsistent, especially in determining what is the fundamental change of circumstances. Therefore, on the basis of clarifying the concept, legal status and practical application problems, the article will also make some recommendations for the contracting parties as well as the Court in handling the matter of performance of contracts upon the fundamental change of circumstances.
TRENDS IN THE MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AMONG ICU PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH BACTEREMIA – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Goyal Aditi , Gupta Sarvatman , Bhumbla Upasana , Kaur Kiranjeet
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the trends of microorganisms and their antimicrobial resistance pattern among ICU patients diagnosed with bacteremia.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory at a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 2021 to July 2022. A total of 2492 blood culture samples were collected from hospital ICUs from the patient with suspected septicemia. All samples were processed using the automated blood culture system BACT/ALERT 3D/60 for the recovery of pathogenic microorganisms, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the automated VITEK 2 Compact system. A Chi-square test was done to assess the statistical significance of our results.
Results: Out of 2492 blood culture samples, 296 (11.87%) were identified as culture positive, in which 252 (85.13%) were Gram-negative isolates, 38 (12.83%) were Gram-positive isolates, and 06 (2.02%) were other organisms (contaminants). Gram-negative isolates showed maximum sensitivity to colistin 205 (81.40%), and Gram-positive isolates showed maximum sensitivity to vancomycin 35 (92.10%).
Conclusion: Early blood culture results could provide the basis for the appropriate use of antibiotics that can improve clinical prognosis and help in reducing mortality.
BEFORE AND AFTER COMPARISON STUDY ON SINGLE-USE PLASTIC BAN IMPLEMENTATION AMONG URBAN COMMUNITY RESIDENTS IN PUDUCHERRY, SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Kittu Devi , Chellamuthu Lalithambigai , Sivapushani Aruljothi
Published: May 2023

Objective: Plastic industry is rapidly growing industries in India. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of plastic usage before and after plastic ban in urban Puducherry.
Methods: A community-based, non-randomized control trial (before and after comparison study) was conducted from May to October 2019 (6 months) at an urban field practice area of a Government Medical College in Puducherry. The study population were community residents aged above 18 years from the selected wards of urban field practice areas. The systematic random sampling was employed to cover 450 community residents. Data were collected by face-to-face interview into a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. The pre-ban data collection was completed in July 2019. Ban on single-use plastics was implemented in Puducherry by August 1, 2019. After 1 month of ban (wash-out period), post-ban data collection was done among the same residents during September 2019. Data were captured using epi-collect and analyzed using the SPSS 16. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee.
Results: Mean age of study participants was 39.64 (13.23) years, of which 255 (56.7%) of them were females. The median income of the respondents was 16000 (25000). Before ban 403 (89.6%) were carrying their shopping items or products using plastic bags provided by the shopkeeper whereas post-ban, it has reduced to 102 (22.7%). Mean KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) scores before ban was 9±3.8 (95% CI 6.6–9.2), and after ban, mean scores increased to 17.2±1.5 (95% CI 16.2–18.4). A pair t-test was done between the pre- and post- ban KAP scores and was found to be statistically significant (p=0.000).
Conclusion: Most participants were aware of both environmental and health hazards from plastics and supported the single-use plastics ban.
IMPACT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER ON MARITAL SATISFACTION – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: SRI PENTAKOTA DIVYA , RAJU T SURYANARAYANA , BOYA VARADARAJULU , GOTTUMUKKULA VAIDYANATH
Published: May 2023

Objectives: To compare marital satisfaction among patients with Schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 1 month. The sample was chosen by using purposive random sampling, 60 married patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder who fulfilled the ICD 10 criteria for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder, respectively, under remission with Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) score ≤2, and were assessed for Marital Satisfaction with The Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI) and its relationship with forgiveness is studied with the Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS).
Results: Compared to patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder, patients with Schizophrenia reported poor marital satisfaction.
Conclusion: It is the first study in India to compare marital satisfaction in patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder. The present study suggests that marital satisfaction is more impaired in Schizophrenia patients compared to bipolar affective disorder patients.
TO EVALUATE VITAMIN D LEVELS IN DIAGNOSED PATIENTS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: JAIN LOVINA , KAUR MANINDER , SINGH BAKSHI AMANDEEP
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study was designed and conducted to evaluate Vitamin D levels in diagnosed patients of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to correlate them with age and gender.
Methods: 50 patients with confirmed diagnosis of RA arthritis (comprising study group) and 50 non-RA individuals (comprising control group) were included in the study. Serum Vitamin D levels were determined in the patients.
Results: In our present study, maximum number of patients was in the age group of 41–50 years. The mean±SD of serum Vitamin D levels in patients (n=50) was 11.45±6.07 ng/mL (taking normal value of Vitamin D is 30 ng/mL-100 ng/mL). The serum Vitamin D levels were decreased in RA patients.
Conclusion: Serum Vitamin D level was found to be decreased in patients of RA. The decrease is more significant with advancing age and is more in females than males.
TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING AMONG THE UNDERGRADUATE AND POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN ASSAM: A QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED STUDY
Authors: Singh S Renuka , Khanikar Dwipen , Saikia Pran Pratim , Devi Diptimayee
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an important factor contributing to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Since undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students are the future caregivers to the patients, they should have sound knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practice of Pharmacovigilance (PV). Hence this study was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of PV and ADR reporting. Furthermore, secondarily this study tried to look into the impact of competency-based medical education (CBME) on the KAP of the students.
Methods: Questionnaire-based, observational, and cross-sectional study. The questionnaire was pre-validated and consisted of 30 questions to assess the KAP of UG and PG medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Assam.
Results: A total of 419 students participated in the study. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel Sheet and the Student’s t-test. Both UGs and PGs have good knowledge about PV, ADR, and the types of ADRs to be reported. They also have a positive attitude but in practice, only a few have filled up the ADR form. Mean score analysis showed p-value was significant for attitude and practice among the UGs and PGs and highly significant for KAP when the CBME and Old Curriculum were compared.
Conclusion: Although students have good knowledge and attitude, they need to improve in their practice. Regular training and awareness programs might help in educating them about PV and ADR reporting. However, the introduction of the CBME curriculum has been shown to improve the knowledge and attitude of the students about PV and ADR reporting.
A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH INTERLOCKING NAILING AND DYNAMIC COMPRESSION PLATING FOR FRACTURE SHAFT OF HUMERUS IN ADULTS
Authors: HARSH LAPSIWALA  , SHANDILYA ANURODH , RATHORE BHANU PRATAP , SHAH PRACHI
Published: May 2023

Aims of the Study: The purpose of this study is to compare the functional outcome between patients who underwent intramedullary interlocking nailing treatment and those who had Dynamic Compression plating applied to the fractured shaft of the humerus.
Methods: A prospective comparative study involving 30 people who had humeral shaft fractures was carried out. Fractures treated at the Department of Orthopaedics, Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, between December 2020 and November 2022 using intramedullary interlocking nailing and Dynamic Compression plating.
Results: According to our analysis, there is no appreciable difference in the fracture union times between the two techniques. The incidence of infection was greater in the plating group than in the patients who received closure reduction and an interlocking nail procedure.
Conclusion: The interlocking nail group in our study reported higher complications. The majority of them involved excruciatingly poor shoulder function. However, both treatment techniques’ secondary complications a group of interlocking nails were more common than they should have been. I, therefore, come to the conclusion that patients can be treated with dynamic compression plating and interlocking nailing for a fractured humerus shaft. Intramedullary interlocking nailing is a safe and effective alternative therapy of diaphyseal fractures in the humerus. It can be used by those who have osteoporosis segmentation-and polytrauma-affected fractures.
PREVALENCE AND PROFILE OF BETA-THALASSEMIA: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS AT A TERTIARY CARE CANTER
Authors: Mahajan Sheetal , DHULE SACHIN , RV TAKSANDE
Published: May 2023

Aims: The objective of the present investigation was to identify the hematological profile of β-thalassemia trait.
Methods: The cross-sectional investigation, which included 186 patients, was conducted in a tertiary care hospital’s hematology unit of the pathology department from November 2012 to May 2014.
Results: About 73.11% of the study population was in the 21–50 years age group followed by 18.27% in the age group 0–20 years. About 8.62% of the study population was in between 51 and 75 years of age. Eighty-six (46.23%) men and 100 (53.77%) women made up the study’s sample. In our study, India had a 19% overall prevalence of the thalassemia trait. In the research, we conducted we found that those with the beta-thalassemia trait (BTT) had much lower levels of red blood cells (RBC) parameters except RBC count which is slightly raised than those without the trait.
Conclusion: There is a significant prevalence of BTT in our population. This information will prove helpful to health policy managers in making informed decisions on how to design accessible screening programs for BTT.
COMPARISON OF RADIOGRAPHIC METHODS (THE GILSANZ AND RATIBIN ATLAS AND TANNER-WHITEHOUSE 2 AND 3) OF BONE AGE ASSESSMENT WITH CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
Authors: Kast Sunil , Sharma Yogesh Kumar , Chouhan Ankit , Suwalka Rajesh , RAHALKAR MUKUND
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Bone age assessment (BAA) can play an important role in legal and medical contexts. It can help determine a person’s legal rights and responsibilities, and can also be used to estimate their chronological age (CA) when accurate birth records are not available. BAA is used in situations such as identification, employment, criminal responsibility, judicial punishment, consent for marriage, and in sports competitions. In addition, it can also be used in cases where there is a need to estimate CA, such as during immigration or in conditions where birth records are not available.
Methods: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee, and written consent was obtained from both children and their parents before participating in the study. Patients were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A data collection form was created for each participant. X-rays of the left hand and wrist were taken for all children referred to the X-ray Department at Sahyadri Speciality Hospital in Pune. The CA of the child was determined by their date of birth, and the bone age (BA) was assessed using radiographic methods.
Result: The Bland–Altman plot is a statistical tool used to compare the agreement between two methods of measurement, in this case, the CA and Tanner-Whitehouse 2 (TW3) methods for BAA. The results of the comparison showed a statistically significant agreement between the TW3 method and the GR atlas.
Conclusion: The TW2 method is not reliable for BAA. However, the TW3 method is considered reliable for assessing BA in older male children (ages 105–192 months) and younger female children (ages 13–104 months). On the other hand, the GR atlas appears to be more effective for younger male children (ages 13–104 months) and older female children (ages 105–192 months). In addition, the TW3 method can be used in conjunction with the GR atlas for older female children.
ESTIMATION OF PLASMA VOLUME IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE USING KAPLAN – HAKIM FORMULA AND CORRELATION OF PLASMA VOLUME SHIFT WITH OUTCOMES
Authors: Das Dipak Rajan , DAS BISWAJIT , SINGH ANIL KUMAR
Published: May 2023

Objective: Simple and non-invasive methods are required to estimate the plasma volume expansion to assess the congestion status in heart failure patients. To determine the effectiveness of Kaplan–Hakim formula in the quantification of the plasma volume expansion in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and the correlation of the outcome factors with plasma volume shift (PVS).
 Methods: This prospective study included 384 participants diagnosed with ADHF. Newly diagnosed cases and patients receiving treatment for the past 6 months were included. Kaplan–Hakim formula was used to estimate the plasma volume. Duration of hospital stay, subsequent hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality rate at the end of follow-up time was also noted.
Results: Among the study participants, 88 patients (22.92%) had PVS <5%, while the remaining 88.5% of the patients had PVS more than or equal to 5%. A strong association between guideline-recommended dose of ACEi/ARBs, beta-blockers, and normalcy of plasma volume status (p<0.001) was found. The mean duration of stay, number of repeated hospitalization, the incidence of worsening renal function, CV mortality rate, and all-cause mortality rate were significantly lower in participants with PVS ≥5% in comparison to those who had PVS < 5%. Kaplan–Hakim formula is a more practical and easy way to measure volume status in patients with ADHF.
Conclusion: The use of RAAS antagonists and beta-blockers in their optimal dosage is associated with favorable plasma volume status in chronic HF patients.
EVALUATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PATTERN, ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY AMONG PATIENTS OF CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Choudhary Jain Aarchy , Anamika Anamika , Sharma Pritosh
Published: May 2023

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the causative pathogen and detect their susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics among patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media (COM).
Methods: This was a single-center, hospital-based, cross-sectional, observational study involving total of 156 patients diagnosed with COM. Pus swab collected from the patient’s ear was sent for culture and sensitivity.
Results: The mean and median age of the patients included in the present study was 19.1 and 20.5 years, respectively. In the present study, 133 (85.3%) participants were diagnosed with mucosal COM, and the remaining 23 (14.7%) participants had a squamosal type of COM. A positive culture/bacterial growth was seen in 139 samples (89.10%). Of the 139 samples that had bacterial growth: 93.5% had a growth of single bacteria and 6.5% of participants showed growth of more than one bacterium. In the present study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the single most common bacteria identified on bacterial culture (32.7%), followed by other Pseudomonas species (23.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18.58%). Isolated Pseudomonas specimens were most susceptible to Polymyxin B and Colistin. Isolated Staphylococcus specimens were most sensitive to Meropenem and Imipenem.
Conclusion: P. aeruginosa was the single most common bacteria identified on bacterial culture among patients diagnosed with COM. About one in ten (10%) isolated pseudomonas and staphylococcus specimens were multi-drug resistant.
CLINICAL AND ETIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF ACUTE FEBRILE ENCEPHALOPATHY IN ADULT PATIENTS: A PROPSPECTIVE STUDY FROM ODISHA, INDIA
Authors: Kar Ayaskanta , Kumar Mishra Pravin , Jena Parsuram
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Acute febrile encephalopathy (AFE) is a medical emergency and might be an indicator of numerous systemic and central nervous system pathologies. In this backdrop, the present study was carried to evaluate the etiology and clinical features of encephalopathy succeeding short febrile illness in adults approaching to a tertiary care center.
Methods: A prospective study was done up to 2 years in 110 patients beyond 14 years. The demographic variables were documented and along with routine examinations, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and radioimaging studies were performed.
Results: The most common etiology of AFE was cerebral malaria (CM) that constitutes 39.1% (43 of 110) of total cases, followed by acute viral encephalitis (AVE), tuberculous meningitis (TBM), acute bacterial meningitis (ABM), sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE), and enteric encephalopathy (EE) with 24 (21.8%), 20 (18.2%), 13 (11.8%), 5 (4.5%) and 2 (1.8%) cases, respectively. Death rate was 30.20% in CM, 23.07% in ABM, 20.83% in AVE, and 20% in TBM. Two cases of SAE and one case of EE also succumbed.
Conclusion: CM found to be the furthermostcommunalsource of AFE followed by AVE, TBM, and ABM.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF ARTHROSCOPIC ASSISTED MINI OPEN ROTATOR CUFF TEAR REPAIR
Authors: Kapil Ghorpade  , Patil Jaydeep , Patil Tanish , Khambalkar Shouryashil
Published: May 2023

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the functional outcome of patients with rotator cuff injuries treated by arthroscopically-assisted mini-open repair.
Methods: This was a prospective and cohort study conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics of Prakash Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) and Research, Urun Islampur Dist Sangli. Forty patients with rotator cuff injuries treated by arthroscopic assisted mini open rotator cuff tear repair were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Post-surgery patients were followed up for 6 months. At each follow-up visit, functional outcome was assessed by Constant Score (CS) and University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scale. For statistical purpose, SSPS 21.0 software was used and p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: A total of 40 patients were included in this study out of which there were 23 (57.50 %) males and 17 (42.50 %) females with a M:F ratio of 1:0.73. The mean age of affected patients was found to be 57.07±11.31years. The most common cause of rotator cuff tear was degenerative changes which was seen in 19 (47.50%) patients followed by spontaneous rotator cuff tear (30.00%) and traumatic rotator cuff injury (22.50%). There was significant functional improvement from pre-operative to last follow-up period as shown by improved CS and UCLA scores (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Arthroscopic assisted mini-open surgery for rotator cuff injuries is found to have excellent results in terms of functional outcome.
STUDY OF CLINICAL, ETIOLOGICAL AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: ROUT PRAMOD KUMAR , MOHANTY NIRMAL KUMAR , SAHOO MADHUSMITA , LENKA SATISHRANJAN
Published: May 2023

Aims and Objectives: The present study was aimed in analyzing the clinical presentations, etiological influences, and echocardiographic structures of cases of atrial fibrillation (AF) in SCB MCH, Cuttack.
Methods: A cross-sectional research performed on AF cases admitted in SCB MCH, Cuttack, during the period from May 2021 to November 2022. Detailed history, thorough clinical examination and transthoracic echocardiography, has been carried out among study population.
Results: Average age of cases was observed as 49.56±17.64 years. Among 100 cases, females were found to be 63% whereas males as 37%. Most of the cases were suffered due to more than one symptoms of severity. About 59% of cases showed rheumatic heart disease (RHD) out of total 100 cases. Among RHD cases, 43% cases were female and the male cases as 16%. Hypertension and coronary artery disease formed the furthermost communal reasons. Mean left atrial (LA) dimension between the study populations was found to be 4.49±0.57 cm.
Conclusion: This study concluded that dyspnea seems to be the most common observed symptom; RHD forms the major communal reasons for AF, preceded by hypertension. Mitral valve seems to be involved among all cases of RHD. In major cases, LA enlargement has been reported; therefore, this forms the prognosticator of AF. LA enlargement cases seem to be further susceptible to progress to LA appendage clot.
E3 ubiquitin ligase components in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Faccenda Elena , Layfield Robert
Published: May 2023

Ubiquitination (a.k.a. ubiquitylation) is a protein post-translational modification that typically requires the sequential action of three enzymes: E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzymes), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes), and E3 (ubiquitin ligases) [30]. Ubiquitination of proteins can target them for proteasomal degradation, or modulate cellular processes including cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and signal transduction. E3 ubiquitin ligases, of which there are >600 in humans, are a family of highly heterogeneous proteins and protein complexes that recruit ubiquitin-loaded E2 enzymes to mediate transfer of the ubiquitin molecule from the E2 to protein substrates. Target substrate specificity is determined by a substrate recognition subunit within the E3 complex. E3 ligases are being exploited as pharmacological targets to facilitate targeted protein degradation (TPD), as an alternative to small molecule inhibitors [3], through the development of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues.
Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Blaho Victoria , Chun Jerold , Herr Deron , Jones Danielle , Jonnalagadda Deepa , Kihara Yasuyuki
Published: May 2023

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Lysophospholipid receptors [96]) are activated by the endogenous lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Originally cloned as orphan members of the endothelial differentiation gene (edg) family [16, 123], the receptors are currently designated as S1P1R through S1P5R [73, 16, 123]. Their gene nomenclature has been codified as human S1PR1, S1PR2, etc. (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, HGNC) and S1pr1, S1pr2, etc. for mice (Mouse Genome Informatics Database, MGI) to reflect species and receptor function. All S1P receptors (S1PRs) have been knocked-out in mice constitutively and in some cases, conditionally. S1PRs, particularly S1P1, are expressed throughout all mammalian organ systems. Ligand delivery occurs via two known carriers (or "chaperones"): albumin and HDL-bound apolipoprotein M (ApoM), the latter of which elicits biased agonist signaling by S1P1 in multiple cell types [18, 53]. The five S1PRs, two chaperones, and active cellular metabolism have complicated analyses of receptor ligand binding in native systems. Signaling pathways and physiological roles have been characterized through radioligand binding in heterologous expression systems, targeted deletion of the different S1PRs, and most recently, mouse models that report in vivo S1P1R activation [101, 103]. The structures of S1P1 [180, 69, 108, 184], S1P2 [32], S1P3[116, 187], and S1P5 [110, 185] are solved, and confirmed aspects of ligand binding, specificity, and receptor activation, determined previously through biochemical and genetic studies [69, 17]. fingolimod (FTY720), the first FDA-approved drug to target any of the lysophospholipid receptors, binds as a phosphorylated metabolite to four of the five S1PRs, and was the first oral therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) [35]. Second-generation S1PR modulators siponimod, ozanimod, and ponesimod that target S1P1 and S1P5 are also FDA approved for the treatment of various MS forms [16, 123]. In 2021, ozanimod became the first S1PR modulator to be FDA approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis [145]. The mechanisms of action of fingolimod and other S1PR-modulating drugs now in development include binding S1PRs in multiple organ systems, e.g., immune and nervous systems, although the precise nature of their receptor interactions requires clarification [141, 37, 63, 64].
SLC6 neurotransmitter transporter family in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Bröer Stefan , Rudnick Gary
Published: May 2023

Members of the solute carrier family 6 (SLC6) of sodium- and (sometimes chloride-) dependent neurotransmitter transporters [32, 2, 23, 75] are primarily plasma membrane located and may be divided into four subfamilies that transport monoamines, GABA, glycine and neutral amino acids, plus the related bacterial NSS transporters [109]. The members of this superfamily share a structural motif of 10 TM segments that has been observed in crystal structures of the NSS bacterial homolog LeuTAa, a Na+-dependent amino acid transporter from Aquiflex aeolicus [137] and in several other transporter families structurally related to LeuT [49].
P1B P-type ATPases: Cu+-ATPases in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Lutsenko Svetlana
Published: May 2023

Copper-transporting ATPases convey copper ions across cell-surface and intracellular membranes. They consist of eight TM domains and associate with multiple copper chaperone proteins (e.g. ATOX1, O00244).
SLC31 family of copper transporters in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Lutsenko Svetlana
Published: May 2023

SLC31 family members, alongside the Cu-ATPases are involved in the regulation of cellular copper levels. The CTR1 transporter is a cell-surface transporter to allow monovalent copper accumulation into cells, while CTR2 appears to be a vacuolar/vesicular transporter [5]. Functional copper transporters appear to be trimeric with each subunit having three TM regions and an extracellular N-terminus. CTR1 is considered to be a higher affinity copper transporter compared to CTR2. The stoichiometry of copper accumulation is unclear, but appears to be energy-independent [4].
SLC39 family of metal ion transporters in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Hershfinkel Michal
Published: May 2023

Along with the SLC30 family, SLC39 family members regulate zinc movement in cells. SLC39 metal ion transporters accumulate zinc into the cytosol. Membrane topology modelling suggests the presence of eight TM regions with both termini extracellular or in the lumen of intracellular organelles. The mechanism for zinc transport for many members is unknown but appears to involve co-transport of bicarbonate ions [3, 4].
SLC47 family of multidrug and toxin extrusion transporters in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Inui Ken-ichi
Published: May 2023

Human multidrug and toxin extrusion MATE1 and MATE2-K are H+/organic cation antiporters [1]. They are predominantly expressed in the kidney and play a role in renal tubular secretion of cationic drugs.
SLCO family of organic anion transporting polypeptides in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Hagenbuch Bruno
Published: May 2023

The SLCO superfamily is comprised of the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs). The 11 human OATPs are divided into 6 families and ten subfamilies based on amino acid identity. These proteins are located on the plasma membrane of cells throughout the body. They have 12 TM domains and intracellular termini, with multiple putative glycosylation sites. OATPs mediate the sodium-independent uptake of a wide range of amphiphilic substrates, including many drugs and toxins. Due to the multispecificity of these proteins, this guide lists classes of substrates and inhibitors for each family member. More comprehensive lists of substrates, inhibitors, and their relative affinities may be found in the review articles listed below.
Phosphodiesterases, 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide (PDEs) in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Yan Chen
Published: May 2023

3',5'-Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs, 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase), E.C. 3.1.4.17, catalyse the hydrolysis of a 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide (usually cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP). isobutylmethylxanthine is a nonselective inhibitor with an IC50 value in the millimolar range for all isoforms except PDE 8A, 8B and 9A. A 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (E.C. 3.1.4.37 CNPase) activity is associated with myelin formation in the development of the CNS.
SLC51 family of steroid-derived molecule transporters in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Dawson Paul A.
Published: May 2023

The SLC51 organic solute transporter family of transporters is a pair of heterodimeric proteins which regulate bile salt movements in the small intestine, bile duct, and liver, as part of the enterohepatic circulation [2, 5, 1]. OSTα/OSTβ is also expressed in steroidogenic cells of the brain and adrenal gland, where it may contribute to steroid sulphate movement [6]. Bile acid and steroid sulphate transport is suggested to be facilitative and independent of sodium, potassium, chloride ions or protons [5, 2]. OSTα/OSTβ heterodimers have been shown to transport [3H]taurocholic acid, [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, [3H]estrone-3-sulphate, [3H]pregnenolone sulphate and [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate[2, 5, 6]. OSTα/OSTβ-mediated transport is inhibited by clofazimine and fidaxomicin [9, 11]. OSTα is suggested to be a seven TM protein, while OSTβ is a single TM 'ancillary' protein, both of which are thought to have intracellular C-termini [8]. Both proteins function in solute transport [8, 4]. Inherited mutations in OSTα and OSTβ are associated with liver disease and congenital diarrhea in children [10, 7].
Neuropeptide W/neuropeptide B receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Davenport Anthony P. , Maguire Janet J. , Singh Gurminder
Published: May 2023

The neuropeptide BW receptor 1 (NPBW1, provisional nomenclature [6]) is activated by two 23-amino-acid peptides, neuropeptide W (neuropeptide W-23) and neuropeptide B (neuropeptide B-23) [22, 7]. C-terminally extended forms of the peptides (neuropeptide W-30 and neuropeptide B-29) also activate NPBW1 [2]. Unique to both forms of neuropeptide B is the N-terminal bromination of the first tryptophan residue, and it is from this post-translational modification that the nomenclature NPB is derived. These peptides were first identified from bovine hypothalamus and therefore are classed as neuropeptides. Endogenous variants of the peptides without the N-terminal bromination, des-Br-neuropeptide B-23 and des-Br-neuropeptide B-29, were not found to be major components of bovine hypothalamic tissue extracts. The NPBW2 receptor is activated by the short and C-terminal extended forms of neuropeptide W and neuropeptide B [2].
Relaxin family peptide receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Agoulnik Alexander I. , Bathgate Ross A.D. , Dschietzig Thomas , Gundlach Andrew L. , Halls Michelle , Smith Craig , Summers Roger
Published: May 2023

Relaxin family peptide receptors (RXFP, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Relaxin family peptide receptors [23, 119]) may be divided into two pairs, RXFP1/2 and RXFP3/4. Endogenous agonists at these receptors are heterodimeric peptide hormones structurally related to insulin: relaxin-1, relaxin, relaxin-3 (also known as INSL7), insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) and INSL5. Species homologues of relaxin have distinct pharmacology and relaxin interacts with RXFP1, RXFP2 and RXFP3, whereas mouse and rat relaxin selectively bind to and activate RXFP1 [260]. relaxin-3 is the ligand for RXFP3 but it also binds to RXFP1 and RXFP4 and has differential affinity for RXFP2 between species [259]. INSL5 is the ligand for RXFP4 but is a weak antagonist of RXFP3. relaxin and INSL3 have multiple complex binding interactions with RXFP1 [267] and RXFP2 [132] which direct the N-terminal LDLa modules of the receptors together with a linker domain to act as a tethered ligand to direct receptor signaling [262]. INSL5 and relaxin-3 interact with their receptors using distinct residues in their B-chains for binding, and activation, respectively [321, 152].
Tachykinin receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Barrett Jeffrey , Canning Brenden , Coulson Joseph , Dombrowsky Erin , Douglas Steven D. , Fong Tung M. , Heyward Christa Y. , Leeman Susan E. , Remeshwar Pranela
Published: May 2023

Tachykinin receptors (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [91]) are activated by the endogenous peptides substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA; previously known as substance K, neurokinin α, neuromedin L), neurokinin B (NKB; previously known as neurokinin β, neuromedin K), neuropeptide K and neuropeptide γ (N-terminally extended forms of neurokinin A). The neurokinins (A and B) are mammalian members of the tachykinin family, which includes peptides of mammalian and nonmammalian origin containing the consensus sequence: Phe-x-Gly-Leu-Met. Marked species differences in in vitro pharmacology exist for all three receptors, in the context of nonpeptide ligands. Antagonists such as aprepitant and fosaprepitant were approved by FDA and EMA, in combination with other antiemetic agents, for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic cancer chemotherapy.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Davenport Anthony P. , Gershengorn Marvin , Hills Rebecca
Published: May 2023

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptors (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [14]) are activated by the endogenous tripeptide TRH (pGlu-His-ProNH2). TRH and TRH analogues fail to distinguish TRH1 and TRH2 receptors [29]. [3H]TRH (human, mouse, rat) is able to label both TRH1 and TRH2 receptors with Kd values of 13 and 9 nM respectively. Synthesis and biology of ring-modified L-Histidine containing TRH analogues has been reported [23].
Urotensin receptor in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Authors: Davenport Anthony P. , Douglas Stephen A. , Fournier Alain , Giaid Adel , Krum Henry , Lambert David G. , Leprince Jérôme , MacLean Margaret R. , Ohlstein Eliot H. , Thomas Walter G. , Tostivint Hervé , Vaudry David , Vaudry Hubert , Webb David J.
Published: May 2023

The urotensin-II (U-II) receptor (UT, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on the Urotensin receptor [26, 36, 94]) is activated by the endogenous dodecapeptide urotensin-II, originally isolated from the urophysis, the endocrine organ of the caudal neurosecretory system of teleost fish [7, 93]. Several structural forms of U-II exist in fish and amphibians [94]. The goby orthologue was used to identify U-II as the cognate ligand for the predicted receptor encoded by the rat gene gpr14 [2, 20, 63, 69, 72]. Human urotensin-II, an 11-amino-acid peptide [20], retains the cyclohexapeptide sequence of goby U-II that is thought to be important in ligand binding [61, 53, 10]. This sequence is also conserved in the deduced amino-acid sequence of rat urotensin-II (14 amino-acids) and mouse urotensin-II (14 amino-acids), although the N-terminal is more divergent from the human sequence [19]. A second endogenous ligand for the UT has been discovered in rat [86]. This is the urotensin II-related peptide, an octapeptide that is derived from a different gene, but shares the C-terminal sequence (CFWKYCV) common to U-II from other species. Identical sequences to rat urotensin II-related peptide are predicted for the mature mouse and human peptides [32]. UT exhibits relatively high sequence identity with somatostatin, opioid and galanin receptors [94]. The urotensinergic system displays an unprecedented repertoire of four or five ancient UT in some vertebrate lineages and five U-II family peptides in teleost fish [91].