bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF SUPPLY AND WITHDRAWAL OF FLUORIDE
Authors: Rosenquist Jan B. , Lemperg Rudolf K.
Published: August 2010

Fluoride supplement of 10 mg of fluoride per kg body weight per day given to growing rabbits during 14 weeks until skeletal growth had ceased resulted in the development of typical skeletal fluorosis. Withdrawal of this supplement resulted in normalization of bone morphology after 52 weeks, viz. during adulthood. At that time, the bone fluoride concentration was nearly the same as that at the time of withdrawal (about 0.70 per cent of ash). Thus, bone remodelling and maturation did not result in any marked elimination of F‐ from the bone mineral.
EXTRAMEDULLARY HAEMOPOIESIS AND METASTASES IN THE SPLEEN
Authors: Berge Thorbjörn
Published: August 2010

Among 284 cases of haematogenous splenic metastases, haemopoiesis was demonstrated in the spleen in 38.0 per cent. Blood formation was found in 17.4 per cent of the cases without, and in 47.9 per cent of the cases with skeletal metastases (p<0.001). Among the cases with skeletal metastases, extramedullary blood formation was demonstrated in 68.7 per cent of those presenting involvement of all the vertebral bodies compared with 25.8 per cent of the remainder (p<0.001). The latter frequency (25.8 per cent) did not differ significantly from that (17.4 per cent) found among cases without skeletal metastases. The occurrence of skeletal metastases therefore appears to be of little importance in cases without extensive destruction of the bone marrow. Among cases with metastases in all the vertebral bodies, the frequency of extramedullary blood formation did not vary significantly with the type of metastases. Among other cases with or without skeletal metastases, extramedullary blood formation was more common among cases with sinusoidal metastases. This finding must, however, be judged with caution.
LONG TERM TOXICITY STUDY WITH ALCOHOL AND 4‐METHYLPYRAZOLE IN RAT
Authors: Kager Lars , Ericsson Jan L. E.
Published: August 2010

4‐Methylpyrazole, in a dose producing a partial inhibition of the alcohol dehydrogenase activity, was given together with alcohol by peroral administration during 12 weeks in growing rat. The effect of similar doses of alcohol and 4‐methylpyrozole alone were also investigated. Light microscopy of liver, kidney, heart and pancreas revealed no changes related to the administration of 4‐methylpyrazole; furthermore, serum transaminases were normal. The administration of alcohol caused decreased weight gain of the rats; supplementation with 4‐methylpyrazole made this decrease still more pronounced. Fatty change in the livers was conspicuous in rats receiving alcohol alone, and less pronounced after supplementation with 4‐methylpyrazole. There occurred a few cases with a moderate increase in serum creatinin both in rats receiving alcohol and 4‐methylpyrazole, and in those receiving alcohol alone. There were no light microscopic changes in the kidneys of these rats. Although no definite changes related to the treatment demonstrated, it is concluded that further investigations are needed before 4‐methylpyrazole can be used in adequate repeated doses in clinical investigations in man.
MULTICENTRIC AND BILATERAL APPEARANCE OF LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE BREAST
Authors: Andersen Johan Adolph
Published: August 2010

During a follow‐up period averaging 17 years (2–30 years), 64 breast tissue specimens were removed in 52 females with lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast (LCIS) before, simultaneous with or subsequent to the detection of LCIS. In 8 out of 25 cases the LCIS was bilateral, and in 9 out of 19 it was multicentric. The present study does not reveal the actual multicentric and bilateral appearance of LCIS, but the “spontaneous” appearance in a series of specimens which were not removed or investigated primarily with the object of detecting this breast disease.
LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU
Authors: Andersen Johan Adolph
Published: August 2010

In 52 cases of lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast (LCIS) without simultaneous invasive carcinoma, the actual lesion and the adjacent breast tissue were evaluated histologically and the findings related to the overall occurrence of invasive breast carcinoma. No single histological parameter appeared to any significant degree in cases with invasive carcinoma, whereas, in a few instances, this was the case when certain parameters were found concurrently. However, with our present knowledge, the result of a histological subclassification of LCIS cannot be decisive in the choice of treatment. Out of the 52 cases, 49 had fibro‐adenomatosis concurrently; of these, 6 were of a high degree of severity, 4 had fibroadenoma, 1 had papilloma, 8 had ductectasia, 5 non‐specific mastitis and 2 fat necrosis. Only occasionally was intracellular mucin found in cases of LCIS, whereas PAS‐positive material was frequent. In a few cases very large mast cells were seen in the adjacent stroma, but the significance of this finding remains unclarified.
RENIN INACTIVATION IN VITRO IN PREGNANT AND POST PARTUM RABBIT UTERINE AND KIDNEY TISSUE
Authors: Jørgensen Jørgen
Published: August 2010

In slices of pregnant and post partum rabbit uterus 80 per cent of the endogenous renin was gradually inactivated during incubation in vitro at 37°C for 44 hours. In slices of rabbit kidney only 30 per cent was inactivated. Contrary to this there was only a slight, inconsistent, decrease in renin content in similarly incubated homogenates and extracts of uterine and renal tissue. The results show that intact tissue from both the kidney and especially the uterus have a capacity for inactivation of renin.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE AND PERMEABILITY FOR COLLOIDAL CARBON OF INTESTINAL SUBMUCOSAL ARTERIOLES IN RATS
Authors: Thorball Niels , Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

The fine structure and the permeability to colloidal carbon of the intestinal submucosal arterioles measuring 60–100 microns in diameter were studied in the rat. With the methods used for fixation there were no signs of contraction. The fine structure was qualitatively similar to the arteriolar fine structure previously described in other organs and other animals. Special attention was drawn to the finding of endothelial protrusions through the internal elastic lamina, in some cases forming myoendothelial junctions. In several cases, interendothelial junctions were localized corresponding to these endothelial protrusions. The arteriolar wall was not permeable to colloidal carbon either as an active transfer or as a passive movement through the endothelium.
THYMUS DEPENDENCY OF PERIARTERITIS NODOSA IN DOCA AND SALT TREATED MICE
Authors: Svendsen Ulrik Gerner
Published: August 2010

A marked degree of Periarteritis Nodosa was found in the kidneys, with fewer lesions in heart and pancreas, in unilaterally nephrectomized haired NMRI mice treated with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and 1 per cent saline as drinking water. Similarly treated Nude littermates with congenital aplasia of the thymus failed to develop vascular lesions.
OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE SPECIFIC POST‐CAPILLARY VENULES OF LYMPH NODES IN MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Söderström Nils , Norberg Bo
Published: August 2010

The prevalence of postcapillary venules with high endothelium cells (HE venules) in lymph nodes was studied in biopsy specimens from 18 cases of malignant lymphoma. HE venules were found to be absent in non‐leukaemic lymphocytic and lymphoblastic lymphomas, usually absent but in some cases even abundant in chronic lymphatic leukaemia and finally present and often conspicuous in the specific tissue of Hodkin's disease (lymphocyte predominance, mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosis). In a discussion of the observation it is noted that it can still not be taken for granted that HE venules serve the immigration of recirculating lymphocytes to the lymphatic parenchyma and that the biology of these curious vessels remains to be settled.
SKIN GRAFTS IN NUDE MICE
Authors: Rygaard Jørgen
Published: August 2010

Avian, reptilian and normal human skin grafts are well accepted by the nude mouse, as demonstrated by this and other studies. Histological studies show consistently good incorporation of grafts, and changes in spleen and lymph nodes similar to those observed after other transplants in the animal. The consensus of studies evidence that the nude mouse is the least resistant recipient of grafts of diverse origin among the experimental animals, prepared or otherwise, which are under study today. This is an expression of the extent of the immunological deficiency in the nude. An interesting question asked by Calne in 1970 can be answered. Though its ‘milieu interieur’ could be thought to be widely different from the avian and the reptilian, the nude mouse is an adequate host of avian and reptilian tissue.
LIPID DROPLETS IN FATTY LIVER
Authors: Petersen Palle
Published: August 2010

A modified method for cutting thin section for electron microscopic studies from tissue rich in lipid is presented. Cutting procedure was performed at 8°(C) and results in flat sections and larger areas sectioned. Liver biopsy specimens from 9 patients with fatty liver are studied. A highly varied morphology of the lipid vacuoles is revealed. Droplets with triglyceride, vacuoles emptied of fat, some with a fine network and a capsule like arrangement, and transition stages between the two patterns are studied electron microscopically and histochemically by OTAN and Oil Red O staining. In some of the droplets small, dense granules of varied size and morphology are found.
FOCAL AVILLOUS LESIONS IN THE GUINEA‐PIG DUODENUM INDUCED BY FASTING
Authors: Poulsen Steen Seier
Published: August 2010

In adult male guinea‐pigs exposed to total fasting avillous areas arose in the duodenum, and sometimes in the proximal jejunum, in the course of 12–18 hours. The lesions increased in extent during the first 2–3 days, whereupon the condition was stationary until the animals had been fasted for 5–7 days. Then the villi started regenerating. After 9 days' fasting the small intestinal appearance might be completely normal. The pathological process by which the avillous surface formed is described after periodic‐Schiff (PAS) stained whole mounts had been studied in the stereomicroscope and by conventional histological methods. It is suggested that the reaction is elicited by the acid gastric juice which is being secreted in spite of lacking stimulation by food. The appearances are compared with those which may be found in patients with the Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome or with duodenal ulcer.
LOCALIZATION AND PERSISTENCE OF COMMON ENTEROBACTERIAL ANTIGEN AND TYPE‐SPECIFIC BACTERIAL ANTIGEN IN EXPERIMENTAL PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Thomsen Ole Frøkjær
Published: August 2010

A strain of E. coli (04 U4/41) was used to produce retrograde pyelonephritis in rats. By means of indirect immunofluorescence technique the localization and persistence of common enterobacterial antigen (CA) and type‐specific bacterial antigen (TSA) in the inflamed kidney tissue were followed for 4 months. It appeared that demonstrable bacterial antigen disappeared from the tissue during this period. In amorphous form, CA and TSA were initially found in the same localizations, but did not show parallelism in persistence, as CA in nearly all localizations disappeared earlier from the tissue than TSA; this could be observed especially in macrophages.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEART WEIGHT AND THE CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF THE CORONARY OSTIA
Authors: Paulsen Stein , Vetner Max , Hagerup Leif M.
Published: August 2010

Sex variation in the area of the coronary ostia was studied in hearts with a normal weight (heart weight <400 g) and hypertrophic hearts (heart weight 54009). Also studiedwas a possible sex difference in the correlation between heart weight and the area of thecoronary ostia. The study was performed on 379 post mortem hearts. In the group of heartswith a normal weight the area of the left coronary ostium in both sexes was greater than the right but the difference was statistically insignificant. There was no sex difference in the area of the left coronary ostium, whereas the area of the right coronary ostium was statistically signi‐ficantly less in women. I n the group of hyperthophic hearts the left coronary ostium increased in area with increasing heart weight. The difference in the area of the left coronary ostium between hearts with normal weight and hypertrophic hearts was statistically significant in men, but not in women. The right coronary ostium showed minimal increase in size with increasing heart weight and the difference in both sexes between the two groups was statistically insignificant. In the group of hypertrophic hearts the heart weight was best correlated to the area of the left coronary ostium in both sexes, but the values did not reach statistically significance. On the basis of this study the area of the right coronary ostium appears to be a bottleneck with regard to an adequate blood supply to a hypertrophic myocardium.
TIME COURSE OF CHANGES IN PLASMA RENIN AFTER BLOCKADE OF THE RENIN‐SYSTEM.
Authors: Bing Jens , Poulsen Knud
Published: August 2010

Inhibition of the angiotensin I converting enzyme with SQ 20.881 results in a 2 to 35 fold increase in plasma renin concentration in normal rats and in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The effect is transient, lasting for 1 to 3 hours even in the presence of prolonged blockade. The relative increase is independent of the pretreatment plasma renin concentration. The blood pressure is unchanged in conscious rats in which the effect of SQ 20.881 on plasma renin is believed to be due to a blockade of the negative feedback of angiotensin II on renin release. In anaesthetized rats, SQ 20.881 has an additional hypotensive effect which augments the increase in plasma renin. Saralasin is without effect on blood pressure and plasma renin in conscious normal rats and in spontaneously hypertensive rats, while it causes a transient 3 to 27 fold increase in plasma renin concentration in anaesthetized rats. It is suggested that this increase is hardly due to an interception of the feedback, but to the concomitant fall in blood pressure, as a similar hypotension and increase in plasma renin is produced by dihydra‐lazine. It is furthermore found that Saralasin blocks renin release induced by SQ 20.881. This demonstrates that Saralasin is bound to the receptors in the juxtaglomerular cells and has slight, agonistic properties there. Both in conscious rats and in anaesthetized adrenalectomized rats substituted with DOCA and salt, SQ 20.881 as well as Saralasin causes transient increases in plasma renin concentration. If such rats are only substituted with salt and not with DOCA, the effects of both blockers are in the form of severe hypotension and a permanent elevation of plasma renin.
PARATHYROID MORPHOLOGY IN GERBILS AFTER THYROIDECTOMY AND CALCIUM ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Boquist Lennart , Fåhraeus Bengt
Published: August 2010

Morphological studies of the parathyroid glands from adult Mongolian gerbils in which hyper‐calcaemia had been induced by thyroidectomy and calcium injections for 2–19 days were carried out. The potassium pyro‐antimonate technique and subsequent X‐ray analysis of the precipitates were used for ultrastructural localization of cations. Ultrastructurally, most (suppressed) chief cells exhibited a dense cytoplasm, medium‐sized or large mitochondria, glycogen particles, inconspicuous endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, calcium‐containing precipitates mainly in mitochondria and nuclei, and sometimes also lysosomal bodies and accumulations of secretory granules which occasionally seemed to be discharged into cytoplasmic vacuoles. A few parenchymal cells showed a low cytoplasmic density, few organelles, and structurally altered mitochondria, occasionally with associated smooth‐surfaced vacuoles. These cells possessed calcium‐containing precipitates in mitochondria, smooth‐surfaced vacuoles, and also diffusely in the cytosol. It is concluded that, in the main part of the parenchymal cells, the hypercalcaemia had resulted in a suppression primarily of the synthetic and later also of the secretory activity, and that the calcium‐containing precipitation is different in the chief cell variants.
A NEW METHOD FOR THE EMBEDDING OF SMALL ANIMALS AND ORGANS IN PLASTIC
Authors: Larsson Sven‐åke
Published: August 2010

A new method for embedding of small animals and animal organs in plastic is described. After the material has been fixed in solutions preserving its colour, and dehydrated gradually using an aqueous solution of glycerol and potassium acetate it is embedded in methylmetacrylate. The method is described in detail and involves moulding at ‐5°C.
ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS: FACTORS POSSIBLY PREDICTING CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Dietrichson O. , Juhi E. , Christoffersen P. , Elling P. , Faber V. , Iversen K. , Nielsen J. O. , Petersen P. , Poulsen H.
Published: August 2010

A number of clinical, biochemical, immunological and morphological variables were recorded at first admission of 500 consecutive patients with biopsy verified acute viral hepatitis in the period February 1969 June 1972. In February 1973, 28 of these patients had a morphologically documented chronic liver disease: 4 cirrhosis of the liver, 15 chronic aggressive hepatitis, and 9 chronic persistent hepatitis. 74 patients were followed up until morphological normalization took place. The initially recorded variables in the two groups were compared, and the following factors were significantly higher in the group with subsequent development of chronic liver disease:—frequency of drug addicts, median of the highest gammaglobulin, ANA, SMA, partial destruction of the limiting membrane, incidence of piecemeal necrosis, and pronounced plasma cell infiltration in the portal tracts. These preliminary results suggest that factors in the initial phase of acute viral hepatitis can be helpful to some extent in predicting the course and prognosis of the disease.
CYTOKINETIC VARIATIONS DURING AGEING AND REGENERATIVE GROWTH IN THE JB‐1 ASCITES TUMOUR STUDIED BY IMPULSE CYTOPHOTOMETRY
Authors: Dombernowsky P. , Bichel P.
Published: August 2010

The variation in the DNA distributions in the murine JB‐1 ascites tumour was investigated by means of impulse cytophotometry (ICP) on days 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 after i.p. inoculation of 2.5 times 106 tumour cells and on days 1, 2, 3 and 4 after aspiration of the main part of 10‐day plateau tumours. The study showed that a considerable fraction of cells with a DNA content of about 2 and 4 n (p<0.001) accumulated from day 2 to 10. During the same period the fraction of cells in S decreased significantly (p<0.001). One and two days after aspiration, a rapid rearrangement in the distribution pattern occurred, leading to a predominance of cells with S DNA content, while the fraction of cells around 2 n and 4 n decreased. Three and four days after aspiration the cells again accumulated around the 2 and 4 n values while the fraction of cells with S DNA content decreased. The ICP results were in agreement with our data obtained by autoradiography and Feulgen microspectrophotometry, and ICP is recommended as a rapid and statistically precise method in cytokinetic analysis.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE RENAL CORPUSCLES III:
Authors: Sørensen F. Hanberg
Published: August 2010

Comparative quantitative studies of glomeruli in biopsies of the guenon monkey kidney were made to give a numerical measure of the effect of varying periods of fixation of the biopsy tissue in Carnoy's fluid (1–2–24 hrs.), and of the effect of progressive post mortem delay before renal tissue samples were taken (2–4–6–12 hrs.). Additional aims were to determine possible quantitative differences between subcapsular, intermediate and juxtamedullary glomeruli, and to determine whether the glomerular area should be determined with reference to the inner aspect of Bowman's capsule (total area) or to tangents laid at the top of the capillary loops (corrected total area). The quantitative methods used were total and differential counts of glomerular nuclei by light: microscopy and point counting for determination of glomerular and mesangial areas. Statistical evaluation was made by a two‐way analysis of variance. The differential counts of nuclei were not affected by duration of fixation, nor by post mortem delay up to 12 hrs. before tissue samples were taken. The mesangial area expressed as a percentage of total area was significantly lower two hours post mortem, while total nuclear concentration was significantly lower at time 0 and two hours post mortem than at four, six and 12 hours post mortem. Total nuclear concentration increased as duration of fixation was increased, probably a reflection of tissue shrinking. Differences in nuclear concentration were also noted at different levels of the renal cortex. These differences were only apparent when the glomerular area was determined with reference to the inner aspect of Bowman's capsule, and disappeared when the corrected total area was used. It is concluded that duration of tissue fixation and post mortem delay before tissue samples were taken both affect method sensitivity, as reflected by some, not all, of the parameters measured. The numerical differences in the parameters were not large, however, and it will be the specific study which will determine whether variable fixation times and post mortem delay in obtaining tissue samples is acceptable. As most renal biopsies contain both subcapsular and juxtamedullary glomeruli there is probably no advantage in using the corrected glomerular area instead of the total glomerular area limited by Bowman's capsule.
SERUM ALPHA‐FOETOPROTEIN AS A MARKER FOR ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOUR (YOLK SAC TUMOUR) OR A VITELLINE COMPONENT OF ‘TERATOCARCINOMA’
Authors: Norgaard‐Pedersen R. , Albrechtsen R. , Teilum G.
Published: August 2010

The correlation between serum alpha‐foetoprotein (AFP) and the clinical pathological finding of 24 germ cell tumours arising from the testes (14 cases), the ovaries (3 cases), the mediastinum (3 cases), the retroperitoneal region (2 cases), and the sacrococcygeal region (2 cases) are presented. Irrespective of marked differences in age and sex of the patients, primary site of the tumours and clinical outcome, the 24 cases constituted a homogeneous group in fundamental histological patterns and in AFP synthesis. In all cases of endodermal sinus tumour or teratocarcinomas with a distinct vitelline component an increased serum AFP concentrations was found in the pre‐operative serum samples. AFP was also demonstrated in the tumour tissue by quantitative determination of AFP in tumour homogenate (5 cases) and, by immuno‐fluorescence technique, positive staining of the cells lining the endodermal sinuses and of the hyaline globules was found (3 cases). In 12 germ cell tumours without vitelline components in the tumour tissue sections, a normal AFP concentration below 20 μg/1 was found in preoperative serum samples.
THE ROLE OF THE PARATHYROIDS FOR THE ADAPTATION TO A LOW CALCIUM INTAKE.
Authors: Ahlgren Olof , Larsson Sven‐Erik
Published: August 2010

One‐year‐old selectively parathyroidectomized rats responded with a plasma calcium reduction to below 4.1 mEq./1 in 86 per cent at a normal and in 100 per cent at a low dietary calcium intake. Among the former, 17 per cent normalized their plasma calcium level within 8 weeks and another 40 per cent between the 8th and 27th week of observation. Among the latter, only 10 per cent showed a normalization and first after the long‐term period of observation. On the normal level of dietary calcium the parathyroidectomized animals with persistently reduced plasma calcium showed a significantly increased bone mass which was paradoxical in view of their inability of adaptation. On the low level of dietary calcium, a normal bone resorptive activity was maintained despite parathyroidectomy possibly through the action of increased levels of 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol provoked by the profoundly reduced plasma calcium. This was, however, insufficient for adaptation and no osteoporosis developed. For the adaptation to a reduced calcium intake skeletal calcium reserves had to become mobilized through the action of the parathyroids with resulting osteoporosis. This was brought about by increased mobilization of skeletal calcium with resulting osteoporosis, a phenomenon which could be seen also among the parathyroidectomized animals on a low dietary calcium and with a normalized plasma calcium level. This osteoporosis was similar to that found in the calcium deficient intact animals. The described bone changes were progressing in character and there was no major influence by any eventual effect on bone growth. At histological and morphometric analyses of the adrenal cortex no apparent changes were found after parathyroidectomy.
EXPERIMENTAL MURINE LEPROSY. 6. Cellular Reactions in the Draining Lymph Node after Injection of Mycobacterium lepraemurium into the Foot‐Pads of Mice
Authors: Haugen Olav A. , Closs Otto
Published: August 2010

The reaction patterns of the draining lymph nodes were studied in C3H and C57/BL mice after foot‐pad inoculation of Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM). Bacilli were found in the lymph nodes of both strains already a few days after inoculation, but any marked reaction did not occur until approximately 3 weeks later and then only in the lymph nodes of C57/BL mice. The reaction involved enlargement, epithelioid cell granuloma formation and proliferation of pyroninophilic blast cells in the T‐cell area. The lymph nodes in these animals remained large and showed a reactive pattern for up to 230 days. At this stage, bacilli were relatively few. In C3H mice, no reactive changes developed and it was not until much later that they became significantly enlarged. In the advanced stage, normal lymph node structures were replaced completely by giant macrophages loaded with acid‐fast bacilli. C3H and C57/BL mice are polar as regards the lymph node reaction against MLM; in C3H mice it resembles the advanced stages of human leprosy while it in C57/BL mice mimics the situation in the BT‐TT region. Immunofluorescence studies did not reveal any early proliferation of Ig‐containing cells and the lack of cellular immune reaction against MLM in C3H mice cannot be explained as an early B‐cell reaction to interfere with the development of cell mediated immunity.
SEMIMACROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS OF THE SURFACE PATTERN OF SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSA IN CROHN'S DISEASE
Authors: Poulsen Steen Seier , Nielsen Ole Vagn , Fabricius‐Lauritzen K. E.
Published: August 2010

The mucosal surface pattern of surgical specimens from small intestine affected by Crohn's disease are studied using Alcian‐green staining of whole mounts. The semimacroscopic appearance of the mucosa is described. Our findings include i.a. malformation and enlargement of villi—often to extreme degree–villi frequently showing small vesicles on their apical region. Polypoid structures were found to be avillous as well as covered by normal or abnormal villi. The semimacroscopic observations are compared with observations from conventional light microscopy. The villus enlargement is in the first stages caused by lymphatic dilatation and later by oedema and inflammation.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE EFFECTS OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: Manthorpe Tove
Published: August 2010

After subcutaneous isotransplantation of renal medulla either from normal donors or from the ischaemic kidney of renal two‐kidney hypertensive rats, the blood pressure of the renal two‐kidney hypertensive recipients was lowered—but not to normal levels. After i.v. injection of the converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 20,881, the blood pressure was further decreased to, or close to, normal blood pressure. A complete normalization of the blood pressure was obtained by the combined treatment with medullary transplants and infusions of the angiotensin II inhibitor Saralasin. The difference between the effects of these two blockers was probably caused by differences in the doses used. Administration of indomethacin, an inhibitor of the prostaglandin biosynthesis, to renal two‐kidney hypertensive rats with or without renomedullary transplants failed to provoke a rise in blood pressure. This indicates that the anti‐hypertensive activity of renomedullary transplants is not due to the group of prostaglandins, the synthesis of which is inhibited by indomethacin, and furthermore that these prostaglandins are not of importance to the blood pressure level in renal two‐kidney hypertensive rats.
MALE GENITAL TUBERCULOSIS—THE POSSIBILITY OF LYMPHATIC SPREAD
Authors: Winblad Bengt
Published: August 2010

A 52‐year old man with recurrent, persistent tuberculosis developed a tuberculous epididymitis. No inflammatory changes were found in the ductus deferens. It is likely that spread of infection from the prostate to the epididymis occurred via the lymphatics in the funiculus spermaticus.
KURLOFF CELLS.
Authors: Kortelainen Leena , Korhonen L. Kalevi
Published: August 2010

Kurloff cells, characterized by a large inclusion body in ill‐defined lymphoreticular cells, were induced in male guinea pigs by oestrogen administration. The inclusion body material was characterized by way of light‐ and electron microscopy and histochemical staining reactions. Nucleo‐protein were not detected, but certain tests for amino acids were observed and, at the peripheral parts of the inclusion bodies, phospholipid tests were positive. However, forced proteolysis of lipid extractions failed to abolish the reactions for detection of carbohydrate‐rich compounds in the inclusion bodies thus confirming that their main characteristics were those of glycoproteins. Series of histochemical tests demonstrated the presence of periodate‐reactive 1,2‐glycol groups and sulphate radicals. Periodate‐reactive material and sulphomucins represented two separate substances, as demonstrated by extractions and combined staining tests. Some characteristics common with chondroitin sulphates were observed but, on the other hand, the observed differences suggested a different type of sulphation. The inclusion body failed to show any hydrolytic, dehydrogenase or oxidative enzyme activities, thus being metabolically inactive, although the cells showed certain enzyme activities in their cytoplasm and cell organelles.
POLYARTERITIS NODOSA ASSOCIATED WITH NOSEMATOSIS IN BLUE FOXES
Authors: Nordstoga K. , Westbye Kr.
Published: August 2010

The patho‐morphological lesions in fox nosematosis (encephalitozoonosis) were studied in a material comprising 150 young blue foxes from 23 different farms. Disseminated nosematosis in blue fox pups was regularly accompanied by severe vasculitis, affecting medium‐sized and small arteries in various organs. The acute damage has the form of a necrotizing angiitis, with mural necrosis and sometimes resultant thrombosis. The causative organism Nosema cuniculi, is frequently present in the freshly affected arterial walls, either in endothelial or in medial smooth muscle cells. Older lesions include nodular fibrous thickening of the arterial walls, and intimal proliferation, sometimes with luminal obliteration. The conclusion is drawn that the arterial lesions are morphologically equivalent to classical polyarteritis nodosa.
HETEROTRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN MALIGNANT MELANOMAS TO THE MOUSE MUTANT NUDE
Authors: Polvsen C. O.
Published: August 2010

In 32 experiments involving transplantation of human malignant melanomas to the mouse mutant nude, tumourtake was observed in 14 instances. The tumour tissue which took and grew after inoculation was derived from malignant melanoma metastases of the skin (10 takes from 13 transplantations), and from primary malignant melanomas of the eye (4 takes from 6 transplantations). Not one of 13 attempts to transplant primary tumours of the skin was successful. In 7 instances serial transfers of transplanted tumour were successful, the degree of success ranging from 3 to 41 passages. Some passages were wilfully interrupted but two are continuing. The transplanted tumours grow locally. Neither lymph node metastases nor organ metastases have been observed. Histological appearances of the transplanted tumours, also after serial passages, were identical with those of the original human donor material. The human tumour/nude mouse system is contrasted and compared with other heterotransplantation models.
ULCER FORMATION AND HISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN RAT‐STOMACH MUCOSA INDUCED BY ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID
Authors: JØrgensen Torben Glarborg
Published: August 2010

Numerous papers have emphasized the damaging effect of salicylic acid compounds on the stomach mucosa. The investigations here reported aimed at examining the effect on gastric and duodenal morphology of a moderate dose of aspirin. Oxidative enzymes were evaluated histochemically. To rats in groups of 16, aspirin tablets, placebo tablets, or the same with additional 1 cc of 0.1 N HCl, were administered twice a day for 6 weeks. Approximately 160 mg/kg/24 hrs. were ingested. Microscopy revealed severe hyperaemia along with focal gastritis in the aspirin treated animals. Chronic gactric ulcers were observed in 18 rats in the aspirin treated groups, particularly in the group where HCl was added. Ulcerations in the area of the pyloricgland occurred in the latter group only. A reduction in mucopolysaccharides was demonstrated and involved the acid as well as the neutral ones. NADH‐reductase and cytochrome oxidase were inhibited not only in the surface cells but also in those in the deeper layers. The reduction in oxidative enzymes in otherwise undamaged areas suggests an interference with the cellular metabolism, probably processes in the respiratory chain which might lead to reduction in energy‐rich phosphate bonds.
STUDIES OF TRANSITIONAL CELL TUMOURS OF THE BLADDER.
Authors: Sjølin Knud‐Erik , Nyholm Kaare , Trautner Kjæld
Published: August 2010

Transitional cell tumours of the bladder from a total of 228 patients were histologically classified as papillomas, papillomatous carcinomas and non‐papillomatous carcinomas. Each group was subdivided into four grades of dysplasia. Papillomas and papillomatous carcinomas occurred in younger patients at a higher rate than non‐papillomatous carcinomas. The 5‐year‐survival of patients with papillomas and carcinomas was 70 per cent and 26 per cent, respectively. Among patients with papillomas with dysplasia grades 1 and 2 the survival rate was almost identical. In the group of patients with papilloma thrombo‐embolic diseases were the most common cause of death. Carcinoma of the bladder developed in about 30 per cent of the patients in this group. Recurrence of the papilloma only rarely changed the grade of dysplasia. If the recurrence was in the form of a carcinoma, an increase in the grade of dysplasia was common. The survival was more favourable among patients with carcinomas dysplasia grade 2 than among those with dysplasia grade 3. The rate of survival was higher in the group of patients with papillomatous carcinoma than among patients with non‐papillomatous carcinomas. Among the deceased patients with primary carcinomas, 77 per cent died with carcinoma of the bladder. To a certain degree, the grade of tumour cell dysplasia seems to be an expression of the malignancy of the tumours. The duration of the disease and the appearance of tumours (papillomatous, non‐papillomatous) may have relation to the patients' “defence” system. At autopsy, the papillomatous and non‐papillomatous carcinomas were found to be similarly disseminated regardless of the difference in survival rate.
PARTICIPATION OF RENAL, BUT NOT OF SUBMAXILLARY RENIN IN THE HOMEOSTASIS OF THE BLOOD PRESSURE AFTER EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED HYPOTENSION IN MICE
Authors: Bing Jens , Poulsen Knud
Published: August 2010

While hypotension elicited a marked increase in plasma renin concentration in conscious normal mice, no increase was provoked in previously nephrectomized mice in spite of the high renin content of their submaxillary glands. The role of the increased release of renal renin for the homeostasis of the blood pressure was shown by the decrease in pressure which followed blockade of the renin system. Contrary to Saralasin which did not change the blood pressure in nephrectomized mice, injections of SQ 20.881 did in some mice result in a decrease in blood pressure, which was probably caused by its ability to inhibit bradykininases. Both Saralasin and SQ 20.881 elicited marked increases in plasma renin in normal, but not in nephrectomized mice, showing that, while renal renin release is controlled by the plasma angiotensin II concentration, this does not apply to submaxillary renin release.
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE‐STORAGE DISEASE.
Authors: Reske‐Nielsen Edith , Bojsen‐Møller Marie , Vetner Max , Hansen Jens Carl
Published: August 2010

The light and electron microscopical findings in the polyvinylpyrrolidone‐storage disease are reported on the basis of biopsies of skin, striated muscle, bone marrow and liver from one patient and a subcutaneous nodule from another patient. Both patients suffer from diabetes insipidus and have been treated for several years with Insipidin retard®, which contains polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the retarding agent. Deposits of PVP have been demonstrated in all the tissues examined and can easily be recognized by certain staining qualities. The combination of haematoxylin‐eosin, elastin (Weigert), alkaline Congo red and Sirius red for amyloid and PTAH is specially to be recommended. The ultrastructural findings consist of intracellular vacuoles containing a granular material and probably representing lysosomes. The final identification of the nature of the deposits has been made by spectrophotometric analysis. The suspicion of a case of PVP‐storage disease should result in a skin biopsy which usually is sufficient for the diagnosis.
IS THERE A DIURNAL VARIATION IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MOUSE SKIN TO THE TUMORIGENIC ACTION OF METHYLCHOLANTHRENE?.
Authors: Iversen Olav Hilmar , Iversen Ulla Marianne
Published: August 2010

Skin tumour development was studied in groups of mice painted once with 125 μg of 3‐methylcholanthrene (MCA) either at 12:00 or at 24:00 MET. Eight animals were kept in each box. The animals were observed weekly for 20 months and all tumours were registered. There was no difference between the two groups of mice as regards tumour induction time or number of papilloma‐bearing mice. In the groups of mice treated at 24:00 the number of skin tumours to develop was 9 per cent higher than in groups of mice treated at 12:00. This difference in papilloma yields is not statistically significant. Among female mice painted at 24:00 carcinomabearing animals were significantly more numerous (50 per cent) than among those painted at 12:00, whereas there was no difference between the groups of male mice. Considering the groups collectively (males + females), the intergroup difference (17 per cent) in advantage of painting at 24:00 was barely significant (0.5< p< 0.10). There was no difference between the groups as regards the total number of carcinomas to occur. When the tumour yields in individual boxes were recorded, the results were found to vary greatly. The slight increase in tumour yield after night painting correlates with the circadian variation in proliferative activity of the epidermidis. Previous reports in the literature have shown similar differences. Further investigations and better methods seem necessary before a definite conclusion can be drawn concerning a possible diurnal variation in the susceptibility of mouse skin to chemical carcinogenesis. It is also emphasized that it is necessary to exercise great caution when the results of classical epidermal chemical carcinogenesis experiments are to be interpreted. It seems necessary to observe animals for at least 15 months before any conclusion can be drawn.
METHICILLIN‐INDUCED NEPHROPATHY.
Authors: Hansen Erik Sommer , Tauris Palle
Published: August 2010

A case is reported of methicillin‐induced acute interstitial lymphocytic nephritis following treatment of a Staphylococcus aureus infection. Direct immunofluorescence showed a linear staining of the tubular basement membrane with anti‐IgG and ‐C3. It is suggested that both cellular and humoral immunologic mechanisms are of pathogenic importance.
THE LOCALIZATION OF PRECANCEROUS CHANGES AND CARCINOMA AFTER PREVIOUS GASTRIC OPERATION FOR BENIGN CONDITION
Authors: Hammar Eric
Published: August 2010

Sixty‐five patients operated on for a benign gastric condition showed at re‐operation in 9 cases precancerous changes, in 22 cases carcinoma in situ, and in 34 cases infiltrating carcinoma. The median time to elapse between the two operations was 20 years. The pathological diagnosis established at the first operation was most often benign duodenal ulcer. Investigation revealed in 9 cases precancerous changes and in 47 cases various grades of adenocarcinoma within the anastomosis. In 37 cases of Billroth II operations, 5 precancerous changes, 15 carcinomas in situ and 17 infiltrative cancers were located on the posterior gastric wall near the efferent small intestinal loop. In these cases there were additional changes, one precancerous, 7 carcinomas in situ and two infiltrating cancers, situated against the cephalic part of the afferent small intestinal loop. Nineteen Billroth II patients had precancers or cancers at other sites within the anastomosis or gastric remnant. The remaining 9 cases of Billroth I, gastro‐enterostomy and gastric Roux‐en‐Y procedures are too few to allow conclusions concerning the localization of precancer or cancer in the anastomosis.
GROWTH OF RABBIT AORTIC SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IN SERUM FROM PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE DIABETES
Authors: Ledet Thomas
Published: August 2010

The effect of human diabetic serum on the growth of rabbit arterial smooth muscle cell cultures was studied in the stationary phase of growth. The serum was obtained from young, male, non‐obese, juvenile diabetics and non‐diabetics. The experiments were carried out using dialysed as well as non‐dialysed serum. The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides were equal in normal and diabetic serum. Media supplemented with diabetic serum from both short term and long term diabetics stimulated the outgrowth of the smooth muscle cells significantly (2p<0.01). A statistically significantly stimulation of growth was also observed using dialysed human diabetic serum (2p<0.05). Autoradiographic studies showed that the number of 3H‐thymidine labelled cells and of cells in mitosis increased appreciably after incubation in diabetic human serum (2p<0.005). The present data show that human serum from juvenile diabetics contains a factor or factors which promote an excessive growth of arterial medial cells. The factor(s) is not lipids as hyperlipemia was not present nor is it glucose, aminoacids, fructose or ketones, as the growth effect remained after dialysis.
INTRACELLULAR CYSTS IN GASTRIC CARCINOMA
Authors: Nevalainen Timo J. , Järvi Osmo H.
Published: August 2010

Intracellular cysts were often found in the tumour cells in gastric carcinomas of intestinal as well as diffuse type in specimens from stomachs resected for gastric cancer. In the light microscope, the cysts appeared usually as solitary cytoplasmic vacuoles. In the electron microscope, the intracellular cysts were seen as round cavities, often containing homogenous or granular mucous material which stained with the periodic acid‐silver methenamine (PASM)‐method. Relatively long microvilli were lining the cysts and, not infrequently, abundant cytoplasmic microfilaments would surround the cyst wall. Similar cysts have been observed in a number of other tumours and, accordingly, their diagnostic significance must be considered in connection with other methods such as differential staining of cellular mucosubstances.
MORPHOMETRIC AND DYNAMIC STUDIES OF BONE CHANGES IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Melsen Flemming , Mosekilde Leif
Published: August 2010

Bone biopsies were performed after tetracycline double‐labelling by transfixing the right iliac crest in forty hyperthyroid patients. The bone changes in cortical and trabecular bone were determined by simple measurement and point counting on decalcified and undecalcified stained sections. A slight decrease in the amount of cancellous bone was found. The mean cortical width was normal. The amount of osteoid and the length of the osteoid seams were increased, whereas the mean width of osteoid seams was decreased. The cortical osteoclastic activity and porosity were markedly increased. The trabecular osteoclastic activity was moderately increased and the mean size of periosteocytic lacunae was slightly increased. The calcification rate in cancellous bone was increased as were the active calcification surfaces (tetracycline‐labelled). The osteoclastic activity in cortical bone was positively correlated to the free thyroxine index and to the urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. The findings indicate that the bone changes in hyperthyroidism are specific and that thyroid hormone(s) stimulates both bone formation and resorption followed by increased porosity in cortical bone and by mobilization of bone mineral.
DEMONSTRATION OF OCHRATOXIN A IN KIDNEYS OF PIGS AND RATS BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY
Authors: Elling Folmer
Published: August 2010

Ochratoxin A was localized in the kidneys of pigs and rats by means of immunofluorescence microscopy after short‐time exposure. Antibody against ochratoxin A was obtained from rabbits after repeated injections of bovine serum albumin‐ochratoxin A conjugate. Ochratoxin A was localized exclusively in the proximal tubule. Light microscopically, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial cells in the pig kidneys were restricted to the proximal tubule where the toxin was found. The investigation has demonstrated conclusively that the proximal tubule is the target part of the nephron in ochratoxin A‐induced acute mycotoxic nephropathy.
REPAIR IN ARTERIAL TISSUE
Authors: Christensen B. Collatz , Chemnitz J. , Tkocz I. , Blaabjerg O.
Published: August 2010

The role of the endothelium as a factor determining the permeability of a healing aortic intima after a severe mechanical lesion in the rabbit was studied by vital staining with Evans blue, by surface light microscopy after silver‐staining, fluorescence microscopy and by other methods. Endothelium to develop from pre‐existing endothelium in the mouths of intercostal arteries and at the borders of the lesion, remained unstained by vital staining, whereas denuded surfaces as well as pseudo‐endothelium, probably derived from smooth muscle cells in the neointima, were intensely coloured. There was a general tendency towards a decreasing permeability of the aortic wall throughout an experimental period of 6 months. The determinant factor in the decreasing permeability was the presence of genuine endothelium, but changes in the endothelium, probably in the form of differentiation of intercellular junctions and changes in the connective tissue in the deeper layers, seemed to be additional factors which influenced the permeability.
ON THE EFFECT OF VINBLASTINE ON AMELOBLASTS OF RAT INCISORS
Authors: Moe H.
Published: August 2010

The acute effect of vinblastine sulphate at a dosage of 0.2 mg per 100 g body weight on ameloblasts in the progress of differentiation in rat incisors, and the ability of these cells to develop into secretory ameloblasts after exposure to the drug, were studied under the light microscope. In the early stages of differentiation (exclusively dividing cells) no changes were seen. In more advanced stages of differentiation the cell apices were altered and the nuclei normally placed near the cell base were located at all levels in the ameloblast layer. These changes were reversible and the cells developed into secretory ameloblasts of normal appearance and function. Ameloblasts in the most advanced stage of differentiation in which secretion had begun were severely damaged, and the mature secretory ameloblast population derived from these cells was decimated and produced enamel matrix with abnormal structure. It is concluded that differentiating ameloblasts are relatively invulnerable to vinblastine, whereas in secretory ameloblasts the organelles directly engaged in the secretory processes are particularly exposed to damage from the drug.