bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bezosobowość języka a bezstronność prawa w tekście prawnym. Analiza porównawcza markerów kategorii osoby i liczby czasownika w angielskojęzycznej wersji Powszechnej Deklaracji Praw Człowieka oraz jej przekładach na języki niemiecki, niderlandzki i polski
Authors: Montusiewicz Patrycja
Published: November 2022

In her article, Patrycja Montusiewicz present the results of research on the phenomenon of correlation between the grammatical structure of a legal text and the linguistic message of its communicative intention. The study describe the grammatical categories of the verb: person and number. Montusiewicz, based on the examples excerpted from the source English version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its translations into target languages
German, Dutch and Polish target languages identifies the selection of an appropriate equivalent encoding the impersonality and impartiality of the analyzed declarative text. The results of the contrastive analysis has shown that the selection of specific grammatical markers depends on the internal specificity of a given language system and not on the formal, often matrix, similarity of the source and target language units.
Językoznawstwo otwarte i pojęcie толкового чтения
Authors: Wątróbska Halina
Published: November 2022

The author devoted the paper to the one of three functions of language, which A. Furdal called as communicative, emotional, and symbolic. Paleolinguistics is the field of research, which cannot exist as not open linguistics. The author analyzes developing of a communication role of Church Slavonic language in the A. Gusev Справочный церковно-славянский словарь для толковаго чтенiя св. Евангелiя edited in 1910.
ABOUT CARE-NESS/LESS, THAT IS, ABOUT THE DUTIES OF THE PEDAGOGUE OF DIGITAL CIVILIZATION
Authors: Bednarkowa Wiga
Published: November 2022

The text raises the issue of the safety of children from primary school class I-III. Linguistic reflection of the word safety - ‘without care’, that is to say ‘unattended’ and safety in the meaning of ‘be safe to feel safe to be safe’, is meant ‘to be / feel surrounded by care’. The text encourages deep reflection on the teacher’s attitude towards the child in the context of constructivist-connectivity strategies. At the center of the problem is the child’s experience of subjectivity, closeness, safety and respect for the child and his/her world of values. It emphasizes the need for the teacher to have broad cognitive horizons, knowledge from various fields, and openness to creativity, that is, to thinking and actions of a divergent nature.
Epilepsia: algunas denominaciones dadas a través de los siglos
Authors: Palacios Sánchez Leonardo
Published: November 2022

La epilepsia es una entidad conocida por la humanidad desde hace mucho tiempo. Las primeras descripciones se remontan a más dos mil años antes de Cristo. En las civilizaciones primitivas se describían sujetos que sin lugar a dudas presentaban características de diferentes crisis epilépticas. La naturaleza de la enfermedad, su etiología y tratamiento han venido cambiando a lo largo de la historia, por lo que sus nombres y designaciones también. En el artículo se revisan las principales denominaciones que ha tenido a lo largo de los siglos, y algunas de las implicaciones médicas y sociales que para los pacientes que la padecen.
Enrique Tejera: microbiólogo responsable, honesto e incansable
Authors: Traviezo Valles Luis Eduardo
Published: November 2022

Se describe la obra de Tejera Guevara, quien desde recién graduado, en una Venezuela atrasada sanitariamente por años, no obstante, logra señalar los primeros casos de la enfermedad de Chagas, leishmaniasis y amibiasis, así como también descubrir al Trypanosoma rangeli. Luego, con el despertar de la democracia, funda el Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, para posteriormente dedicarse a la investigación microbiológica, aislando unas 32.000 cepas y describiendo treinta taxones nuevos, de los que resaltó el Streptomyces venezuelae del que se logró aislar el Cloranfenicol.
Integration of web 2.0 tools in specialty and health topics sites for the development of virtual communities of practice in the Infomed network
Authors: Alonso Galbán Patricia , Izquierdo Pamias Tania
Published: November 2022

The aim of this work is to identify the behavior of specialty and health topics sites of the Infomed network, in terms of the integration of Web 2.0 tools to develop communities of practice in virtual environments. A descriptive study was carried out, which included all Infomed specialty and health topics sites, in the period January-October 2022. The variables used were: type of website; presence of discussion/distribution list, blog, forum, comments; time of publication of the site; editor's work time. Eighty-seven sites were studied. The integration of Web 2.0 tools in the development of these sites is still insufficient. Although approximately six out of ten sites (58,6 %) already have the possibility of comments, slightly less than half contain a discussion list (49,4 %) and the inclusion of professional blogs reaches only one fifth of the total. The elements to be considered in the design of a strategy for the development of virtual health practice communities were identified. The Infomed websites of specialties and health topics constitute the logical scenario for the construction of virtual communities of practice for the management of health knowledge in the Cuban context
Research on reuse of standing dye bath of reactive dye
Authors: Ashraful Alam  , Zakaria Ahmed  , Neaz Morshed  , Pulak Talukder  , Taslima Rahman
Published: November 2022

The aim of the work was to find out suitable method of dyeing so that costly reactive dye bath can be reused without draining them. Because of the hydrolysis of residual reactive dyes due to the fixation conditions and because of relatively large amounts of dyes and salts left in the effluent, reusing hydrolyzed reactive dyes is a challenge to dyers. Two reactive dyes were examined (reactive red, reactive yellow and two fabrics: nylon, silk as well as silk fiber and nylon yarn). When using suitable dyeing conditions by controlling pH and temperature, hydrolyzed reactive dye baths for silk and nylon dyeing showed very good wash and moderate colorfastness.
A vueltas con la Ley de Costas. La pretendida reforma de su disposición transitoria primera por la Ley de Navegación Marítima
Authors: García Pérez Marta
Published: November 2022

Reflexiones sobre la Ley de Costas de 1988 tras veintidós años de su entrada en vigor, con referencia a la pretendida modificación de su disposición transitoria primera
The Infrared Spectra of Polymers IV: Rubbers
Authors: Smith Brian C.
Published: November 2022

In our ongoing survey of the infrared (IR) spectra of polymers, we now turn our attention to rubbers. Many of these materials have C=C bonds, giving us the opportunity to review how to use IR spectroscopy to distinguish between the six types of alkenes. We also examine the spectra of rubbery materials in detail, such as synthetic rubber, natural rubber, and trans-butadiene rubber.
Gestión académica del enfoque socio crítico en la Educación Superior
Authors: Valenzuela Lida , Candia Clara , Carrasco Rossana
Published: November 2022

El trabajo aborda sobre las implicancias del enfoque socio crítico en la gestión académica del docente universitario. Tema cuyo análisis constituye de gran necesidad considerando los constantes cambios suscitados al interior de las comunidades regionales, internacionales y mundiales, entre las que se destacan las prácticas pedagógicas en un proceso de constantes cambios por diversos factores como las transformaciones de contextos, la economía, la política, la ciencia, la ecología. El propósito del presente estudio fue analizar las implicancias de la teoría socio crítica en la gestión pedagógica del docente universitario. La metodología adoptó un enfoque cualitativo con revisiones bibliográficas, para lo cual fue necesario la recolección y clasificación de informaciones de artículos documentales, revistas indexadas, libros, informes y tesis, utilizando matriz de variables de estudios, relacionados con el enfoque socio crítico y la práctica docente que permitió la inferencia, análisis, interpretación de la información recabada sobre el tema. El estudio confirmó que es superlativamente necesario el conocimiento a profundidad del enfoque socio crítico en el ámbito educativo y que el empoderamiento de los docentes permite el logro de su buen desempeño y buenas prácticas para responder a las necesidades sociales; el mismo debe ser progresivo, partiendo de un cambio en la concepción y modos de trabajo para que prevalezca el verdadero sentido social.
Chitosan Curcumin Film as a Sensor for Detection of O-Nitrophenol and Fluoride Ion Using Fluoresce Quenching Technique
Authors: Chakraborty Soma , Ilagan Andrea Paola
Published: November 2022

Curcumin was immobilized in chitosan films fabricated by solvent casting method. The amount of curcumin immobilization was more when methanol was used as a solvent to dissolve curcumin than the butanol solvent. The maximum amount of curcumin immobilized per gram of chitosan film was 0.023 g. Immobilized curcumin was not released back in water even after prolong contact of the films with water. Fluorescence intensity of the films got quenched when these films were in contact with an aqueous solution of o-nitrophenol (ONP) and sodium fluoride (NaF). The extent of quenching depended on the concentration of these attributes. Fluorescence intensity was highly pronounced even when the concentration of ONP and fluoride (FL) was as low as 2.0 x 10–6 M and 2.5 x 10–5 M, respectively. UV-vis spectroscopy could not detect 2.5 x 10–6 M ONP; similarly, ion chromatography was not sensitive towards 2.5 x 10–5 M FL. Since the extent of quenching varies linearly with the concentration of ONP and FL in aqueous solution, the Stern-Volmer equation can be used for quantification of these.
Optimization of Moist-heat and Dry-heat Treatment for the Production of Stabilized Brown Rice Using Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Palomo Alex , Garcia Rosemarie , Diaz Dahlia , Capanzana Mario
Published: November 2022

This study aims to optimize the processing parameters of combined moist- and dry-heat treatment to stabilize brown rice. The processing parameters including moist-heat treatment (MHT) time, dry-heat treatment (DHT) temperature, and DHT time were modeled using the Box-Behnken design. The optimum processing condition was verified by actual experimental runs and shelf-life study. The responses evaluated were free fatty acid (FFA) content, peroxide value (PV), and sensory properties of brown rice samples. The results showed that all processing parameters significantly affected the FFA content. MHT time has a significant effect on PV and off-odor, while DHT time affected the acceptability of texture and taste of brown rice. Some interaction effects among the processing parameters were also found significant. The optimum processing parameters were 75 min MHT time, 65 °C DHT temperature, and 70 min DHT time. The actual values of responses from actual experimental runs were in close agreement with the predicted values of the models. Treated brown rice samples have significantly lower FFA than control samples during storage. Decreased sensory acceptability of odor of treated brown rice samples was observed during longer storage time.
Optimization of Fermentation Factors for Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production Using Bacillus megaterium PNCM 1890 in Simulated Glucose-Xylose Hydrolysates from Agricultural Residues
Authors: Dañez John Cristopher , Requiso Princess , Alfafara Catalino , Nayve Fidel Rey , Ventura Jey-R
Published: November 2022

The polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production performance of Bacillus megaterium PNCM 1890 in multiple carbon sources was assessed in a model system of simulated glucose-xylose hydrolysates from several agricultural residues (corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, and banana pseudostem). Factors investigated were the type of nitrogen source, carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, carbon-to-phosphorus (C/P) ratio, and amount of trace elements in the fermentation medium. Results show that the type of nitrogen source had a significant effect on bacterial growth and PHB production, with urea as the most preferred nitrogen source. In contrast, the type of simulated hydrolysate had no significant effect on the behavior of the bacteria, implying that the microorganism can potentially utilize hydrolysates from various agricultural residues. However, considering conversion efficiency and operating cost, simulated corn stover hydrolysate was selected as the best carbon source. A fermentation time of 28 h was found sufficient to completely utilize both glucose and xylose from the simulated hydrolysate. PHB was also confirmed as a growth-associated product of the bacteria, with observable patterns of catabolite repression and diauxic growth. Optimum conditions that maximize biomass concentration (7.3 g/L), PHB concentration (3.91 g/L), and substrate consumption (98.77% for glucose; 93.76% for xylose) were 14.3 g/g C/N ratio, 21.4 g/g C/P ratio, and 8 mL of trace elements solution (TES) per L of fermentation medium. Nonetheless, PHB was successfully produced using simulated corn stover hydrolysate and urea as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The study provides baseline information on the use of actual hydrolysate, efficient fermentation, and upscaled production of bioplastics from agricultural residues.
Isotopic Data for Inferring Groundwater Dynamics in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines
Authors: Racadio Charles Darwin , Castañeda Soledad , Cariño Flerida , Mendoza Norman
Published: November 2022

A groundwater study was conducted in Cagayan de Oro City (CDO) located in the north-central part of Mindanao, the Philippines using isotopic techniques. The study identifies the recharge sources of the groundwater in the city and estimates the groundwater age and groundwater recharge rate. Monthly integrated samplings of rainfall were conducted in three locations of varying altitudes from October 2012 to March 2015. Groundwater samples from production wells and shallow wells were also collected within the same period at least twice, during the dry and the wet seasons. The samples were analyzed for their stable isotopic compositions and groundwater in selected deep wells was dated using tritium-helium dating. A meteoric water line of δD = (8.26 ± 0.21) δ18O + (11.56 ± 1.88) was calculated using the precipitation-weighted reduced major axis (PWRMA) method. Isotopic compositions of groundwater show that local precipitation recharges the shallow aquifer. An interaction exists between the shallow and deep aquifer possibly due to the absence of a well-defined multilayer aquifer based on available lithological profiles. Coastal shallow wells appear to be recharged from 35–80 meters above sea level (masl), while deep wells appear to be recharged from 200–300 masl. A recharge rate of 380 mm/yr was estimated, which is more than 20% of the average annual rainfall and twice the estimated recharge using the precipitation-based method.
Steam Explosion and Sequential Steam Explosion – Dilute Acid Pretreatment Optimization of Banana Pseudostem for Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production
Authors: Mabazza Kristel Anna , Requiso Princess , Alfafara Catalino , Nayve Fidel Rey , Ventura Jey-R
Published: November 2022

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a suitable biodegradable alternative to non-renewable petroleum-based plastics. Readily available agricultural lignocellulosic residues such as banana pseudostem can be utilized as a substrate to reduce the production cost of PHB and improve its feasibility for commercialization. Accordingly, pretreatment of banana pseudostem is needed to efficiently convert the substrate to PHB. In this study, optimization of two pretreatment methods for banana pseudostem – namely, steam explosion and sequential steam explosion – dilute acid pretreatment – were optimized to improve the digestibility of the biomass and consequently increase the production of reducing sugars in the hydrolysate during enzymatic saccharification. Response surface methodology (RSM)-designed experiments showed that among all factors investigated, for both pretreatment methods, the steam explosion temperature had the strongest positive impact on reducing sugar production. Optimum conditions of steam explosion pretreatment were 219.31 °C steam explosion temperature and 10 min of pretreatment time, producing 7.33 g/L (48.87% yield) of reducing sugars in the enzymatic hydrolysate. For sequential pretreatment, optimum conditions were 220 °C steam explosion temperature, 135 °C dilute acid temperature, 44 min of dilute acid reaction time, and 1.57% w/v H2SO4, with a corresponding reducing sugar concentration of 13.02 g/L (86.79% yield). A 90% increase in reducing sugar yield was observed after dilute acid pretreatment of steam-exploded banana pseudostem. Using the hydrolysate from sequentially-pretreated banana pseudostem, PHB (2.64 g/L) was successfully synthesized after 12 h of bacterial fermentation. Hence, sequential pretreatment was proven effective in producing enzymatic hydrolysates from banana pseudostem for PHB production.
Design, Fabrication, and Performance Evaluation of Open Raceway Ponds for the Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck in the Philippines
Authors: Matanguihan Anna Elaine , Demafelis Rex , Martinez-Goss Milagrosa , Nacorda June Owen , Torreta Nerissa , Sanchez Denise Ester , Cuneta Lester , Eleazar Elton Mark , Dizon Lisa Stephanie
Published: November 2022

Two pilot-scale open raceway pond systems were designed and fabricated in the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck to observe the biomass productivity of the alga in an open condition in the Philippines. One design was an oval track with a middle island, while the other was a multi-stage raceway pond (MSRP) consisted of several sections separated by baffles. The pond designs aimed to accommodate 1,000 L of culture. The nutrient media used was composed of urea, NPK (16-20-0), FeCl3, and Na2EDTA – a locally formulated medium that sustains the growth of the species. Paddlewheel was installed to provide mixing, which was turned on during the daytime, while aeration was continuously supplied through perforated air-distributor PVC pipes installed on the pond floor. Only natural light was utilized, and no lighting was provided during the night. The growth rate was generated by monitoring the biomass concentration in the pond through spectrophotometry at 425 nm, where optical density and biomass concentration relationship was initially established. Using the equation for first-order kinetics and taking the points from the exponential phase, the specific growth rate of Chlorella obtained from the oval raceway pond was computed to be 0.007308 h–1 with doubling time of 94.84 h. The biomass productivity rate was computed to be 308.49 g/m3-d or equivalent to 63.24 g/m2-d. On the other hand, the MSRP obtained a specific growth rate of 0.003389 h–1 with a doubling time of 204.55 h and equivalent biomass productivity of 302.19 g/m3-d or 60.44 g/m2-d. The biomass productivity obtained is comparable, even superior to other commercial open pond cultivation using C. vulgaris.
Willingness to Pay of Urban Households for the Conservation of Natural Resources and Cultural Heritage in a Neighboring Rural Area: A CVM Study
Authors: Palanca-Tan Rosalina
Published: November 2022

Koronadal households benefit from Lake Sebu’s natural resources (lakes, waterfalls, rivers and springs, forest land, agricultural land) and cultural heritage (arts and handicrafts such as T’nalak weaving, brass casting, beadwork, and wood carving; music and dances; festivals; and beliefs and traditions of the T’boli indigenous tribe) in terms of recreation, good image and sense of pride, tourism income generation, the supply of high-quality tilapia, agricultural products supply, potential hydroelectric power source, biodiversity, and climate change mitigation. These benefits are integrated into a single estimate using the contingent valuation method. In the study, a sample of 524 Koronadal households was asked for their willingness to pay (WTP) or contribute to natural resources and cultural heritage conservation efforts in Lake Sebu in the form of a lumpsum monthly amount collected together with their electricity bill payment. The mean WTP per month is estimated to be Php 52.42 (USD 1.04) using the probit regression estimates (parametric mean) and Php 64.39 (USD 1.27) using the Turnbull formula (non-parametric mean), both less than 1% (0.26–0.33%) of average monthly household income. Multiplying the annualized WTP by the number of households in Koronadal, total potential annual contributions from Koronadal City would range from Php 29.2–35.7M, about 3% of the City Government’s 2019 total revenues of Php 932.6M (Koronadal City Government Budget Office). Even just a fraction of this potential collection can support essential conservation efforts in Lake Sebu, which – up to the present – have been inadequate due to financial constraints. Moreover, the results of the regression analysis reveal that households are more likely to support the conservation program if the amount of required contribution is smaller and household income is higher. Older and more educated respondents are, likewise, more likely to support the program.
Fly Ash and Compost Amendments and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Enhanced the Survival and Growth of Delonix regia in Cu-Ni Mine Tailings
Authors: Ultra Venecio
Published: November 2022

Delonix regia, an ornamental tree that can tolerate an elevated level of heavy metals, was evaluated for phytoremediation potential in mine tailings with fly ash, compost, and mycorrhiza. A two-factorial experiment was conducted under screen house conditions using mine tailings from Bamangwato Concessions Limited (BCL) Cu-Ni mine. The treatments are mine tailing (MT) without mycorrhiza (MT – AM), MT with mycorrhiza (MT + AM), MT with 10% fly ash (FA) without mycorrhiza (MT + FA – AM), mine tailings with 10% FA with mycorrhiza (MT + FA + AM), MT with 10% compost (CP) without mycorrhiza (MT + CP – AM), and MT with 10% CP with mycorrhiza (MT + CP + AM). After 40 wk, results showed an interaction effect of amendments and mycorrhiza wherein compost and FA enhanced the survival, AM root colonization, plant height, and dry matter yield of D. regia seedlings. Mycorrhiza further enhanced these growth parameters, especially in pure mine tailings. The As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentration in plant tissues were reduced substantially by FA and compost amendments. Mycorrhiza also reduced the As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in pure mine tailings but enhanced the concentration of these metals in the presence of FA and compost. These results could be attributed to the decrease of heavy metal availability and increase of nutrients due to FA and compost while mycorrhiza decreased the translocation of heavy metals regardless of the presence of FA and compost. Overall, results indicated that the survival and growth of D. regia in BCL Cu-Ni mine tailings could be enhanced by the combined application of fly ash, compost, and mycorrhiza.
Climate and Environmental Changes: Restrospect and Prospect
Authors: Prajapati Pradeep
Published: November 2022

Discussion on problems of climate and environmental changes i.e. global warming has inundated in recent years. Every major newspaper publishes multiple editorials or op- ed pieces on the topic, the broadcast media and researchers regularly discuss the issue, and thousands of Web pages and blogs provide definitions and information and suggest causes and consequences of action and inaction. Under the situation why are we adding to congestion on the subject? Because the analysis of past has much to contribute, especially in understanding prospects of adapting to climate change, which has received relatively little study and comment relative to the standing it should take in the debate [Gary D. Libecap and Rechard H. Steckel, 2011]. At the outset, it is to be noted that in the present paper science of climate change is not evaluated as author is not the expertise to contribute on this matter but the paper respond to economic effects of the climate and environmental changes.
Energy Resources and Its Present Use in India
Authors: Manjula S.
Published: November 2022

Energy is an essential ingredient for human life on earth. It is used in all activities of society, for preparing meals, making cloth, building house, industries and other activities. Human beings require energy at an increasing rate for their sustenance and well-being. The present study is an attempt to understand the details with types of energy use in India. The largest energy source is coal, followed by petroleum and traditional biomass. According to the 2011 Census, the household-level data indicates that only 55.3 per cent of rural homes used electricity as the primary source for lighting. Energy access, with about one fourth of the population lacking access to electricity and energy security, with the country relying on imports for a considerable amount of its energy use, particularly for crude petroleum are key challenges that the country faces with respect to energy. Wide disparity in energy use pattern between the haves and have-nots, urban and rural are also a cause of concern.
A Study on Water Quality in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Chellakan R. Stephen
Published: November 2022

Analyses of physical and chemical examinations were undertaken for the river and pond water resources of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The study has chosen two main rivers and four ponds in the study area mainly because these water sources are used by village people for drinking and bathing purposes. Water quality parameters viz., Turbidity, Total dissolved solids, Electrical conductivity, pH, Total Hardness, Nitrite, Sulphite, Phosphate, Bacteriological examinations, and Faecal Coliform were analysed as per the Bharat Indian Standard. The laboratory results of pH, Nitrate (NO3), Sulphate (SO4) and Faecal Coliform per 100 ml are within the standard permissible limits for all four tap water samples. In Villukuri, the values of Turbidity, Total Harness, Electrical conductivity, Total Hardness, Nitrate, Nitrite and Sulphate have shown the highest among the four stations viz., 6 NTU, 740 mg/L, 1112 micS/cm, 312 mg/L, 022 , 10, and 39 mg/L respectively. The Faecal coliform and the E. coli counts exceeding acceptable limits are indicative of pollution from domestic wastes from several informal settlements located along the riverbank. Water uses in the area were determined and were found to be mainly domestic and recreational. The gross pollution of the river exposes the local people who depend on it for their primary water source to serious health risk.
Environmental Hazards and Its Impact on Human Health
Authors: Geetha G. , Dhanasekaran S.
Published: November 2022

This paper provides the insight view about the environmental hazards and its impact on human health. Environmental hazards means every type of disorder that occur in the environment .Hazards can present themselves to us in various media e.g. air, water. The influence they can exert on our health is very complex and may be modulated by our genetic makeup, psychological factors and by our perceptions of the risks that they present. Every year thousands of deaths are reported because of environmental hazards. Environmental hazards can affect a particular organ or body system, directly damaging it or leading to further complications. In this paper we discuss about various hazards such as physical hazards (electromagnetic radiation and ionizing radiation),chemical hazards (combustion of coal, petroleum), biological hazards (contamination of water) and psychosocial hazards (stress).And also various types of pollution caused by the environmental hazards which results in various health problems such as liver damage, chronic headaches, mental retardation or damage to reproductive organs. These hazards place extra stress on our bodies.
Impact of Air Pollution in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Premkumar A. , Vinoth V.
Published: November 2022

This paper outlines the impact of air pollution in Tamil Nadu. Air pollution is the any form of solid, liquid and gaseous substance present in the atmosphere that may or tend to be injurious to human beings, other living creatures, plants, property or the environment in general. Air pollution is probably one of the most serious environmental problems confronting our civilization today. Most often, it is caused by human activities such as mining, construction, transportation, industrial work, agriculture, smelting, etc. However, natural processes such as volcanic eruptions and wildfires may also pollute the air, but their occurrence is rare and they usually have a local effect, unlike human activities that are ubiquitous causes of air pollution and contribute to the global pollution of the air every single day.
Rainfall and Its Impact on Maize Yield
Authors: Kalaivani A. S. , Ramesh M.
Published: November 2022

The present study is to analyze the impact of rainfall on maize yield in Cuddalore district based on ten years data (2005-2006 to 2014- 2015). The study conducted with the objective of relationship between area, production, actual rainfall, and maize yield in the study area. The results of the study reveal that actual rainfall adversely affects maize productivity, while the effect of actual rainfall is maximum negative and no significant for maize crops.
Impact of Tanneries Waste Disposal on Environment with Special Reference to Vellore District Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ahmed K. Thoufeeq
Published: November 2022

The Leather Industries occupies a place of prominence in the Indian economy in view of its massive potential for employment, growth and export. There has been increasing emphasis on its planned development aimed at optimum utilization available raw material for maximizing the returns particularly from exports. This paper aims at understanding the impact of tanneries waste disposal on environment. From the very beginning of industrialization in India, tanning industries have been playing a significant role in the country’s economy. Due to its importance as a labor based export oriented industry the full flourish of this industrial sector is essential. But due to the absence of proper waste management, using inferior technologies, lack of facilities for treating industrial wastes; the tanning industries especially located in Vellore district are aggravating environmental problems day by day. The discharging and dumping of wastes near the water bodies without treatment makes it almost look like an area which is lying under the blanket of pollution. It is an emerging problem not only for the environment but also as the social context of the country. This study focuses on the tanneries located in Vellore District to assess the present situation arising from such activities and proposed several mitigation measures.
Climatic Challenges and Environmental Pollution in India
Authors: Sarathy T.
Published: November 2022

Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term “weather” refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region. In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately. Drivers of climate change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impact on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with. Although India has a rich and long history of environmental laws dating back to the 1970s, it still ranks very low on air and water pollution levels compared to the rest of the world resulting in higher rates of infant mortality and lower life expectancy rates. Poor sanitation conditions and sewage problems compound the problem affecting the health of ordinary citizens in India. The reasons for this disconnect between enlightened environmental laws and high levels of pollution could be traced to existing environmental laws, discrepancies in the environmental guidelines for businesses to follow between the central government and at the state levels, and the existence of a large number of SMEs who neither have the resources nor the technical skills to adhere to the existing environmental laws. Using extensive secondary research, this paper suggests a series of steps to help the country achieve safe air and water pollution levels resulting in improved health conditions for its citizens. The cornerstone of the prescription for improvements in the environment is a collaborative arrangement that brings together the various government agencies, the citizens, SMEs, large domestic companies, and NGOs to participate in a collaborative arrangement to educate, streamline effective policies, develop the necessary institutional infrastructure, and provide adequate funding for improving the environment.
Challenges of Climate Change on Human Health
Authors: P.R. Sharon , Seethalakshmi S.
Published: November 2022

Climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. Climate change is adversely affecting the human health. Maximum impact of global warming and climate change will be seen on underdeveloped and developing countries like India. In Indian context the implications of climate change are broadly classified into rising sea levels, increasing CO2 levels, rising temperatures and extreme weather conditions. Climate change affects the human health in various ways. In developing countries like India, the health sector and the infrastructural facilities are very weak. The impact of the human activity on climate system is the most serious environmental challenge nowadays. The impacts of climate change on human health will be difficult to reverse in a few years or decades. Yet, these possible impacts can be avoided or controlled. This paper analyses the challenges of climate change on health.
1 - Epic Battles in Radical Development Theory, Field Research and Praxis: A Celebration of Björn Beckman (1938–2019)
Authors: Bangura Yusuf
Published: November 2022

This article reviews the contribution of Björn Beckman, the Swedish political economist, in the study of development. It addresses three issues. The first is his engagement in theoretical debates on the political economy of development. These focus on the nature of the African state, capitalist development in poor countries, whether the military can act as a revolutionary vanguard in spearheading democratic and progressive social change, neoliberal theory of macro-economic adjustment, and the dynamics of state-civil society relations in advancing development and democracy. The second is his field research work in Ghana and Nigeria. This examines the role of organised farmers and the state in the production and marketing of cocoa in Ghana in the 1960s; the entrenchment of wheat import dependence and the failed project of wheat import-substitution in Nigeria; and the construction of a union-based labour regime in Nigeria’s textile industry that enhanced the bargaining power of unions even as a worsening macro-economic environment and industrial restructuring impacted adversely on employment and wages. The third deals with his collaborative work on a variety of organised interest groups, including labour movements, scholar activists, the Nigerian student movement, and organised informal sector groups. The last part of the article discusses the costs of Björn’s combative style of scholarship.

Yusuf Bangura, Formerly with the UN Research Institute for Social Development and Professor, Fourah Bay College (2013–2014), University of Sierra Leone, Nyon, Switzerland. Email: bangura.ym@gmail.com
6 - Le rôle de la fiscalité dans le financement du développement en Afrique
Authors: Niang Fatou
Published: November 2022

Africa is endowed with a capacity to mobilise public resources and contribute to its own development policy. After decades of international sovereignty (1960–2020), African countries are still dependent on foreign aid. However, we observe that tax revenues can play an important role in the mobilisation of national resources, because they provide States with the means to invest in development. There is an urgent need to mobilise resources to cover the financing of infrastructure, social security, health care and education. In this perspective, this article demonstrates the close relationship between taxation and development, and suggests solutions for freeing African countries from the grip of external aid; it is a matter of providing them with effective, adapted and useful taxation schemes.

Fatou Niang, Juriste fiscaliste freelance, spécialisée en fiscalité internationale, droit des affaires interna- tionales (OHADA), gouvernance et développement en Afrique. Email : niangfatou7@yahoo.fr
8 - Africa’s Economic Transformation and Global Value Chains: An Analysis of the Platinum Value Chain in South Africa
Authors: Fotoyi Asanda
Published: November 2022

This article is concerned with the transformation of the African continent beyond the supply of raw materials towards the expansion of productive capabilities in ways that meet the needs of the African people. The article assesses the platinum value chain in South Africa to examine how the sector has impacted on economic transformation in the country. The analysis shows that South Africa is the biggest supplier of platinum globally but continues to miss economic opportunities presented by its platinum endowment. This is due to very weak forward or upstream linkages between the platinum sector and the related manufacturing sectors. Additionally, even though the platinum sector captures a notable share of both production and employment in the mining industry, when it comes to wealth redistribution, gender and race relations, the sector is lagging. Arguably, a country’s mineral resources ought to bring about economic transformation required to meet the needs of its people, by leveraging sector specific legislations. This requires deliberate determination to ensure that such a form of resource mobilisation transitions into economic self-sufficiency for the African continent, by also leveraging regional value chains and the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA).

Asanda Fotoyi, PhD candidate and lecturer, Department of Economics, Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. Email: afotoyi@gmail.com
4 - ‘The State of the Continent is Good’: African ‘Foreigners’ and Foreign Direct Investment, Seen from Subimperial South Africa
Authors: Bond Patrick
Published: November 2022

African elites’ perpetual hope for export-led growth based on primary commodity extraction continues to suffer from harsh economic, political and now also climatic and public-health realities. Among the contradictions, COVID-19’s economic lockdown amplified two of the most difficult aspects of South Africa’s regional and inter-ethnic relations: increased working-class desperation as township economies suffered the most from the pandemic, and the inability to send remittances back home. Although new dimensions emerged during 2020 – e.g., mass social-media trolling, Cabinet ministers’ biases translated into legislation, and protests at African countries’ Pretoria embassies – there were indications well before COVID-19 that local hostility to the continent’s people would ratchet up, just as Cyril Ramaphosa took the African Union chair. Xenophobic upsurges regularly witnessed in Johannesburg suggest that this ongoing melting pot of African entrepreneurs suffers some of the continent’s most extreme political-economic contradictions. However, there are antidotes to top-down neoliberalism still emanating from the African Development Bank and World Economic Forum- Africa, some of which are potentially progressive, including unprecedented anti-authoritarian protests in at least 18 countries. But the first step is recognising just how much the official rhetoric, even from organic African elite sources, departs from reality.

Patrick Bond, Professor, University of the Western Cape School of Government, Cape Town. Email: pbond@mail.ngo.z
5 - Jovens, processos identitários e sociedades em movimento: um olhar sócio-antropológico sobre a emergência dos movimentos juvenis identitários na cidade da Praia, Cabo Verde
Authors: Lima Redy Wilson
Published: November 2022

A República de Cabo Verde conquistou a independência em 1975 e abraçou a democracia liberal em 1991, o que foi considerado considerado como um exemplo em África em matéria de democracia e de boa governação. Ainda assim, aproveitando os ventos de contestação mundial pós-2008, começaram a surgir na capital do país vários tipos de protestos públicos, tendo como protagonistas jovens urbanos. Estes protestos coincidiram com um conjunto de situações denunciadas por vários relatórios e estudos académicos: situações de estrangulamento da sociedade civil fruto da bi-partidarização da vida social; perceção de insegurança urbana e de uma onda generalizada de corrupção; desconfiança dos cidadãos em relação às instituições públicas e políticas; mercantilização do voto; relação ambígua entre ativistas político-partidários e grupos de jovens armados em período eleitoral; denúncias de financiamentos de facões nacionais do narcotráfico a partidos políticos, etc. Com o presente artigo, com base num conjunto de trabalhos etnográficos desenvolvidos desde 2008 no contexto juvenil urbano da Praia, tenciono analisar o contexto do surgimento destes novos tipos de protestos sociais e políticos organizados em coletivos de jovens que se autointitulam filhos e netos de Amílcar Cabral, em que suportados por discursos contra-coloniais, apelam a uma segunda libertação e (re)africanização do espírito e das mentes.

Redy Wilson Lima, Instituto Superior de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais, Cabo Verde / CEsA/CSG/ISEG-ULisboa, Portugal. Email: redywilson@hotmail.com
6 - Choosing Heaven: Negotiating Modernity in Diverse Social Orders
Authors: Bialostocka Olga
Published: November 2022

Situated within the topic of geographical contexts of knowledge production, this article interrogates the youth policies of Kenya, Ghana and Tanzania to understand how they articulate the concepts of ‘tradition’ and ‘modernity’ in planning for youth development in their national socio-cultural settings. The focus is on each country’s approach to cultural transformation, in trying to divulge how the policymakers see the role of culture, both local and global, in young people’s lives, and articulate this notion in the policies to produce a politically desired alternative to Western modernity. The article goes on to discuss the extent to which ‘African modernity’ constructs are set out in these policy documents as attempts to ‘de-westernise’ the concept. It recognises Ghana’s approach as the most decolonial, for it distances the country’s cultural transformation process from the perceived universality of Western values. The article suggests that modernity, as an ‘imaginary pursuit’, becomes powerful only when one chooses to imagine it in the first place.

Olga Bialostocka, Senior Research Specialist, Africa Institute of South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council. Email: Obialostocka@hsrc.ac.za
5 - Nigeria’s Foreign and Defence Policies During Babangida's Regime: An Assessment
Authors: Jemirade Dele
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the changes to and achievements of Nigeria’s foreign and defence policies from 1985 to 1993. It also examines the economic, political, and sociocultural implications of these policies on the nation. The article argues that despite some identified failures of Ibrahim Babangida’s regime, certain innovations and actions, especially the foreign and defence policies that were introduced and carried out by his government, were signif icant in nature. The article also addresses the interlocking relationship between defence and foreign policy execution and concludes with recommendations on how this can be managed to promote the effectiveness of Nigeria’s external relations. The article depended largely on archival materials from the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, supported by scholarly journal articles, books and newspaper materials.

Dele Jemirade, Department of History, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Email: delej@yorku.ca
Penerapan Model Probing Prompting Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Siswa
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun
Published: November 2022

This study aims to: 1) determine students' communication skills before applying the Probing Prompting Learning Model in Civics lessons for fifth grade students, 2) determine students' communication skills after applying the Probing Prompting Learning Model in Civics lessons. fifth grade students, 3) improve students' communication skills in Civics material after applying the Probing Prompting learning method for fifth grade students. This study uses a Classroom Action Research approach. The data collection techniques in this study are observation and tests. The results showed that: 1) Through the Probing Prompting learning model there was an increase in the communication skills of fifth grade students at SD Negeri 101390 Batang Pane 1 in Civics learning. 2) Students' communication skills were obtained through the application of the Probing Prompting learning model, namely the average score of students' communication skills in the first cycle was 76.88 and increased by 94.75 in the second cycle. The Probing Prompting learning model has been implemented according to the learning scenario in class V at SD Negeri 101390 Batang Pane 1.
MEDIEVAL ARMENIAN FOLK CULTURE ISSUES: 1. FOLK TALE 2. KHACHKAR (cross stone)
Authors: SAHAKYAN ARTSRUNI
Published: November 2022

Ներկայացվում են երկու մենագրություններ՝ նվիրված հայ միջնադարյան ժողովրդական մշակույթի երկու կարևոր ոլորտների: Առաջինում հետազոտվում են ժողովրդական հեքիաթի միջնադարյան գրառումները, արդյունքում առաջարկվում է մեզ հասած հեքիաթային սյուժեների մոտավոր, ոչ լրիվ ցանկը, որը պատկերացում է տալիս միջնադարի և XIX-XX դարերի ասացողական ավանդույթի ընդհանրականության, ասացողական ժառանգորդական կապերի և փոփոխականության մասին: Երկրորդում բացահայտվում են միջնադարյան ժողովրդական քրիստոնեության հայկական առանձնահատկությունները՝ խաչի պաշտամունքը և խաչի ժողովրդական սրբավայր-խաչքարերի առաջացումը, ինչպես նաև նրանց հետագա զարգացումը՝ պաշտոնականացման ճանապարհով:
COMMENTARIES ON COSMOGRAPHY AND CALENDAR THEORY (7th-15th centuries)
Authors: EYNATYAN JULIETA
Published: November 2022

Հայոց շարժական տոմարը հարևան քրիստոնյա ժողովուրդների անշարժ օրացույցների հետ համապատասխանեցնելու համար ստեղծված «Պատճէն տումարի» աշխատությունը մեր եկեղեցու ինքնուրույնությունը պահպանելու միջոցներից մեկն է եղել: Արեգակի և Լուսնի պարբերաշրջանների տեսական և գործնական հաշվումների և եկեղեցական տոների հենքի վրա ստեղծված այդ համակարգը դասավանդվել է միջնադարի բարձրագույն դպրոցներում, խմբագրվել, մեկնվել ընդհուպ մինչև ԺԸ. դարը: Այստեղ ներկայացված են մինչև ԺԵ. դարը ստեղծված՝ մինչ այժմ չհրատարակված չորս մեկնությունների քննական բնագրերը: