bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lead Exposure Assessment and Its Impact on the Structural Organization and Morphological Peculiarities of Rat Ovaries
Authors: Osowski Adam , Fedoniuk Larysa , Bilyk Yaroslav , Fedchyshyn Olena , Sas Mykhailo , Kramar Solomiia , Lomakina Yuliia , Fik Volodymyr , Chorniy Sofija , Wojtkiewicz Joanna
Published: September 2023

Lead is known to be highly toxic to humans, causing various disorders infetal development. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of lead acetate on the structural organization of female rat ovaries. The study involved 40 non-linear female rats divided into four groups: a control group, a low-dose group, a moderate-dose group, and a high-dose group. The rats were given lead acetate solutions in varying doses for 30 days, and their ovarian tissue was examined using light microscopy.The results showed that increasing doses of lead acetate led to morphological changes in the cortex and medulla of the rat ovaries. The changes were characterized by a decrease in ovarian mass, alterations in the thickness of the tunica albuginea (protein envelope), and a reduction in the number of follicles. Light microscopy revealed that exposure to lead acetate resulted in a significant decrease in the number of follicles in all experimental groups, with the high-dose group experiencing the most significant decrease.These findings suggest that lead acetate has a dose-dependent negative impact on the morphology and function of female rat ovaries. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential impact of lead on human ovarian tissue.
Longitudinal Assessment of Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Lateral Trunk Flexion and Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson’s Disease: Real-life, Long-Term Study
Authors: Ledda Claudia , Panero Elisa , Dimanico Ugo , Parisi Mattia , Gandolfi Marialuisa , Tinazzi Michele , Geroin Christian , Marchet Francesco , Massazza Giuseppe , Lopiano Leonardo , Artusi Carlo Alberto
Published: September 2023

Lateral trunk flexion (LTF) and its severe form, called Pisa syndrome (PS), are highly invalidating axial postural abnormalities associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Management strategies for LTF lack strong scientific evidence. We present a real-life, longitudinal study evaluating long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections in axial muscles to reduce LTF and PS in PD. A total of 13 PD patients with LTF > 5° received ultrasound- and electromyography-guided BoNT injections every 4 months. Seven untreated matched PD patients with LTF served as controls and their changes in posture after 18 months were compared with those of seven patients continuing BoNT over 12 months. 53.8% of patients continued the BoNT injections for at least 12 months. Various individual LTF responses were observed. Overall, BoNT-treated patients obtained a not statistically significant improvement of LTF of 17 ± 41% (p = 0.237). In comparison, the seven untreated PD patients suffered a deterioration in LTF over 12 months by 36 ± 45% (p = 0.116), showing a significantly different trajectory of posture change (p = 0.026). In conclusion, repeated BoNT injections in axial muscles showed varying effects in managing PD-associated LTF, suggesting that: (a) a relevant number of patients with LTF can benefit from BoNT; (b) long-term treatment could prevent LTF worsening; (c) an instrumented, personalized approach is important; and (d) there is a need for prospective, long-term studies.
Exploring the Spectral Line Broadening of the Bulk Motions in the High Mass Star Forming Region with Radiative Transfer Simulations
Authors: Mo Shixian , Qiu Keping
Published: September 2023

The Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi (DCF) method is widely used to indirectly estimate the strength of magnetic fields in star-forming regions. However, recent developments in this method have primarily focused on improving the measurement of angular dispersion of the field, neglecting other physical quantities, especially turbulence velocity. Most DCF studies tend to overlook or fail to acknowledge the influence of bulk motions on the linewidth, and directly obtain the turbulence velocity based on the non-thermal linewidth. Therefore, to explore the contributions of bulk motions to the linewidth, we conducted radiative transfer simulations using a rotating and infalling envelope–disk model to a high-mass star formation region, IRAS18360-0537. The main conclusion from our work is that the bulk motions contribute significantly to the linewidth and cannot be fully eliminated by simply deducing velocity gradients. Hence, fully attributing the observed non-thermal velocity dispersion derived from fitting a spectral line profile to the turbulence can result in significantly overestimated magnetic field strength and may yield unscientific results of star-forming regions.
Geophysical Constraints to Reconstructing the Geometry of a Shallow Groundwater Body in Caronia (Sicily)
Authors: Canzoneri Alessandro , Capizzi Patrizia , Martorana Raffaele , Albano Ludovico , Bonfardeci Alessandro , Costa Nunzio , Favara Rocco
Published: September 2023

The characterization of a groundwater body involves the construction of a conceptual model that constitutes the base knowledge for monitoring programs, hydrogeological risk assessment, and correct management of water resources. In particular, a detailed geological and geophysical approach was applied to define the alluvial Caronia Groundwater Body (CGWB) and to reconstruct a hydrogeological flow model. The analysis of the CGWB, located in north-eastern Sicily, was initially approached through a reanalysis of previous stratigraphic (boreholes) and geophysical (vertical electrical soundings and seismic refraction profiles) data, subsequently integrated by new seismic acquisitions, such as Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) and horizontal-to-vertical seismic ratio (HVSR). The analysis and reinterpretation of geoelectrical data allowed the construction of a preliminary 3D resistivity model. This initial modeling was subsequently integrated by a geophysical data campaign in order to define the depth of the bottom of the shallow CGWB and the thickness of alluvial deposits. Finally, a preliminary mathematical model flow was generated in order to reconstruct the dynamics of underground water. The results show that integration of multidisciplinary data represent an indispensable tool for the characterization of complex physical systems.
Stormwater Uptake in Sponge-Like Porous Bodies Surrounded by a Pond: A Fluid Mechanics Analysis
Authors: Barcot Ana , Åkerstedt Hans O. , Larsson I. A. Sofia , Lundström T. Staffan
Published: September 2023

In this work, a previously published model for the water up take of stormwater in sponge-like porous bodies by the group is further developed. This is done by investigating the highest-performing model and considering the water uptake from the surroundings of a pond and rain-infiltrated soil. This implies that water uptake from impermeable to partially permeable surfaces is examined. Hence, the following cases are considered: (1) impervious bottom surface and no precipitation, (2) impervious bottom surface with precipitation, (3) permeable soil with no precipitation, and (4) permeable soil with precipitation. A mathematical model covering all these cases is presented, where the governing equations are the mass conservation and Darcy’s law together with an assumption of a sharp wetting front being a first-order approximation of the complete Richard’s equation. Results for the water uptake height, pond depth, and wetting front are computed numerically and plotted against time. Analytical solutions are also presented in certain cases, and critical values are obtained. The parametric study includes variations in the ratio of the model- to the surrounding ground surface area, initial pond depth, precipitation, and soil characteristics. To exemplify, the time it takes to absorb the water from the pond after a precipitation period is presented. The results are related to the Swedish rainfall data of 1 h duration with a return period of 10 years. When evaluating efficiency, the focus is on the absorption time. Results vary considerably, demonstrating a general trend that with soil infiltration, the water absorption rate is higher. For most cases, the considered water amount is absorbed completely, although depending on the parameters and conditions. These results serve to optimize the model for each of the cases. The main focus of the research lies in the theoretical aspect.
Comprehensive Drought Vulnerability Assessment in Northwestern Odisha: A Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process Integration Approach
Authors: Mahato Susanta , Mandal Gita , Kundu Barnali , Kundu Sonali , Joshi P. K. , Kumar Pankaj
Published: September 2023

Crafting a comprehensive strategy to mitigate the impact of droughts, a complex geo-hazard profoundly affecting socio-economic aspects, entails the creation of a drought vulnerability map as a primary step. This study harmonizes geospatial techniques and the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (fuzzy AHP) to formulate such a map for northwestern Odisha, India. From six principal drought-induced vulnerability parameters, namely physical attributes, water demand and usage, agriculture, land use, groundwater and population/development, 22 sub-parameters were selected. Spatial layers were generated for each sub-parameter, followed by their fuzzification using a fuzzy membership approach. Subsequently, AHP was employed to establish parameter weights through pair-wise comparisons. By applying the weighted overlay method, drought vulnerability maps were generated, classifying regions into five vulnerability levels: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The outcomes indicate that roughly 33% of the area is classified as having high drought vulnerability. Validation of the approach using statistical metrics, including accuracy, root mean square error and mean absolute error, demonstrates its efficacy in gauging drought vulnerability, thereby aiding planners in devising effective drought mitigation strategies.
Toxicity of Plastic Additive 1-Hydroxycyclohexyl Phenyl Ketone (1-HCHPK) to Freshwater Microcrustaceans in Natural Water
Authors: Blinova Irina , Lukjanova Aljona , Vija Heiki , Mortimer Monika , Heinlaan Margit
Published: September 2023

Various potentially toxic compounds associated with plastic (e.g., plastic additives) can enter the environment during plastic fragmentation and/or weathering. 1-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (1-HCHPK) is a widely used photoinitiator, e.g., in UV-radiation-curable technologies such as 3D-printing, plastic coatings and construction materials. 1-HCHPK may reach aquatic ecosystems via various waste-flows, including leaching from consumer goods. However, knowledge of its potential environmental hazard is scarce. In the present study, we addressed this data gap by assessing the acute and long-term toxicity of 1-HCHPK to freshwater microcrustaceans in environmentally relevant conditions using natural waters. The results showed that the acute toxicity of 1-HCHPK (L(E)C50) to pelagic Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna and benthic Heterocypris incongruens ranged between 27 and 55 mg/L. Further, the long-term exposure of D. magna to low levels of 1-HCHPK (0.1 and 1.0 mg/L) did not affect ephippia hatching or organismal fitness, even in three successive daphnid generations. Thus, 1-HCHPK did not pose a hazard to the freshwater microcrustaceans at concentrations < 1 mg/L in the environmentally relevant conditions (i.e., multigenerational life cycle tests conducted in lake water at low chemical exposure concentrations). The tests employed in this study allowed for the environmentally relevant hazard assessment of emerging pollutants such as a plastic additive 1-HCHPK.
Response of Phytoplankton Communities to Variation in Salinity in a Small Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon: Future Management and Foreseen Climate Change Consequences
Authors: Ligorini Viviana , Garrido Marie , Malet Nathalie , Simon Louise , Alonso Loriane , Bastien Romain , Aiello Antoine , Cecchi Philippe , Pasqualini Vanina
Published: September 2023

Mediterranean coastal lagoons are particularly vulnerable to increasing direct anthropogenic threats and climate change. Understanding their potential responses to global and local changes is essential to develop management strategies adapted to these ecosystems. Salinity is a fundamental structuring factor for phytoplankton communities; however, its role under climate change is understudied. We hypothesized that salinity variations imposed by climate change and/or management actions could disturb Mediterranean lagoons’ phytoplankton communities. To test our hypothesis, we performed two 5-day microcosm experiments in which natural phytoplankton assemblages from the Santa Giulia lagoon (Corsica Island) were subjected to three increasing (53–63–73) and decreasing (33–26–20) levels of salinity, to mimic strong evaporation and flash flooding, respectively. Results indicate that over-salinization inhibited growth and modified the assemblages’ composition. Freshening, on the contrary, showed feeble effects, mainly boosting microphytoplankton abundance and depleting diversity at lowest salinity. In both experiments and under freshening in particular, initially rare species emerged, while photosynthetic activity was degraded by salinity increase only. We demonstrated that phytoplankton communities’ structure and metabolism are strongly altered by the predicted implications of climate change. Such impacts have to be considered for future management of coastal lagoons (control of sea exchanges and watershed fluxes). This work constitutes a priority step towards the proactive adapted management and conservation of such as-yet-neglected ecosystems in the context of climate change.
Water Quality Modeling and Monitoring
Authors: Fang Xing , Hu Jiangyong , Sharma Suresh
Published: September 2023

This Special Issue, “Water Quality Modeling and Monitoring”, comprises 19 papers [...]
Quantitative Diagnosis of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Obstacle Factors Based on Connection Number and TOPSIS in Huaibei Plain
Authors: Li Zheng , Jiang Shangming , Jin Juliang , Shen Rui , Cui Yi
Published: September 2023

To further quantitatively assess the water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) system and analyze and identify the regional water resources carrying state and the physical mechanism of the state change, WRCC and obstacle factor diagnosis were carried out. In this paper, we proposed the mobility matrix to determine the connection number components, considered the dynamic attributes of the difference degree coefficient, and calculated it using the semi-partial subtraction set pair potential and triangular fuzzy number, so as to construct the quantitative diagnosis method of regional WRCC obstacle factors based on the connection number and TOPSIS. The results applied to six cities in the Huaibei Plain showed that the WRCC fluctuated around grade 2 and was in a poor state, which was mainly due to the insufficient support force; the water resources carrying state of the six cities gradually improved from 2011 to 2018, but the state became worse in 2019, which was related to the low precipitation in that year, the reduction in water resources, and the high degree of water resource utilization. The WRCC of Fuyang and Huainan was worse than that of the other four cities; over the 9 years, the average grades of Fuyang and Huainan were 2.26 and 2.43, while those of Huainan, Bozhou, Suzhou, and Bengbu were 2.19, 2.12, 2.05, and 2.05, respectively. The key obstacles limiting the improvement in the WRCC of the Huaibei Plain were per capita water resources, annual water production modulus, per capita water supply, vegetation coverage ratio, utilization ratio of water resources, water consumption per 104 yuan value-added by industry, and population density. In time, the key obstacle factors in neighboring years generally tended to have similarity, and conversely appeared as a difference; in space, neighboring regions showed similarity and conversely presented as a difference. The results of this study can offer technical support and a decision-making basis for water resources management in the Huaibei Plain. The method constructed in this paper is extremely interpretive, easy to calculate, highly sensitive, and reliable in application results, which opens up a new perspective for the rational determination of the connection number and the difference degree coefficient and provides a new intelligent way to determine the state of a complex set pair system and its causal mechanism analysis and diagnosis of obstacle factors.
Significant Increases in Water Vapor Pressure Correspond with Climate Warming Globally
Authors: Zhou Xueting , Cheng Yongming , Liu Liu , Huang Yuqi , Sun Hanshi
Published: September 2023

Global warming has become indisputable in recent years; however, the mechanisms by which water vapor, radiation, and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide contribute to driving global warming remain unclear, and it is becoming increasingly important to clarify their respective effects on temperature warming. In this study, we used the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) datasets and National Oceanic and the Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) data to investigate the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of global warming and its driving mechanisms. The effects of water vapor, radiation (net longwave radiation), and CO2 on temperature rise are quantified from the perspective of the coupled land–atmosphere system, and water vapor is characterized in terms of the vapor pressure deficit (difference between saturated and actual water vapor pressures) to explicitly characterize its impact on the global water–heat cycle. The results show the following: (1) Under significant global warming, the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exhibits an increasing trend, which is attributed to the rate of increase in actual water vapor being relatively slower than saturated water vapor. (2) Compared with the significant positive contribution of water vapor to global warming, CO2 is not, as generally expected, the most critical greenhouse gas causing global warming. (3) Water vapor and net longwave radiation (NLR) have significant mutual feedbacks on global warming. (4) A remarkable complementary mechanism of global warming that involves water vapor and NLR was identified, whereby the increased saturated water vapor induced by the rising temperature dominates the decrease in NLR. The results from this study have important theoretical value by enabling a more complete understanding of the contribution of VPD to global climate change and shedding light on the large-scale water vapor–climate change mutual feedback mechanism through research.
Water Mass Transport Changes through the Venice Lagoon Inlets from Projected Sea-Level Changes under a Climate Warming Scenario
Authors: Rubinetti Sara , Kuznetsov Ivan , Fofonova Vera , Androsov Alexey , Gnesotto Michele , Rubino Angelo , Zanchettin Davide
Published: September 2023

In this study, an ensemble of numerical simulations with a state-of-the-art hydrodynamic model for coastal applications is used to characterize, for the first time, the expected mid-21st-century changes in circulation and associated sea-level height inside the Venice lagoon induced by projected Mediterranean sea level rise and atmospheric circulation changes over the Adriatic Sea under the RCP8.5 emission scenario. Our results show that water transports through the three inlets connecting the Venice lagoon to the open sea are expected to change significantly, with consequent significant persistent alterations of the circulation and sea-level height inside the lagoon. The projected water mass redistributions motivate further studies on the implications of climate change for the lagoon environment.
Simulation and Reconstruction of Runoff in the High-Cold Mountains Area Based on Multiple Machine Learning Models
Authors: Wang Shuyang , Sun Meiping , Wang Guoyu , Yao Xiaojun , Wang Meng , Li Jiawei , Duan Hongyu , Xie Zhenyu , Fan Ruiyi , Yang Yang
Published: September 2023

Runoff from the high-cold mountains area (HCMA) is the most important water resource in the arid zone, and its accurate forecasting is key to the scientific management of water resources downstream of the basin. Constrained by the scarcity of meteorological and hydrological stations in the HCMA and the inconsistency of the observed time series, the simulation and reconstruction of mountain runoff have always been a focus of cold region hydrological research. Based on the runoff observations of the Yurungkash and Kalakash Rivers, the upstream tributaries of the Hotan River on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains at different time periods, and the meteorological and atmospheric circulation indices, we used feature analysis and machine learning methods to select the input elements, train, simulate, and select the preferences of the machine learning models of the runoffs of the two watersheds, and reconstruct the missing time series runoff of the Kalakash River. The results show the following. (1) Air temperature is the most important driver of runoff variability in mountainous areas upstream of the Hotan River, and had the strongest performance in terms of the Pearson correlation coefficient (ρXY) and random forest feature importance (FI) (ρXY = 0.63, FI = 0.723), followed by soil temperature (ρXY = 0.63, FI = 0.043), precipitation, hours of sunshine, wind speed, relative humidity, and atmospheric circulation were weakly correlated. A total of 12 elements were selected as the machine learning input data. (2) Comparing the results of the Yurungkash River runoff simulated by eight machine learning methods, we found that the gradient boosting and random forest methods performed best, followed by the AdaBoost and Bagging methods, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients (NSE) of 0.84, 0.82, 0.78, and 0.78, while the support vector regression (NSE = 0.68), ridge (NSE = 0.53), K-nearest neighbor (NSE = 0.56), and linear regression (NSE = 0.51) were simulated poorly. (3) The application of four machine learning methods, gradient boosting, random forest, AdaBoost, and bagging, to simulate the runoff of the Kalakash River for 1978–1998 was generally outstanding, with the NSE exceeding 0.75, and the results of reconstructing the runoff data for the missing period (1999–2019) could well reflect the characteristics of the intra-annual and inter-annual changes in runoff.
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for Microalgae and Primary Sludge Co-Digestion at Pilot Scale: Instrumentation, Control and Automation Implementation, and Performance Assessment
Authors: Mora-Sánchez Juan Francisco , Serna-García Rebecca , Bouzas Alberto , Seco Aurora , Ruano Maria Victoria
Published: September 2023

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology is gaining interest for circular economy integration in the water sector. However, its complexity, arising from the integration of anaerobic processes with membrane technology, poses a key challenge. Developing an appropriate instrumentation, control, and automation (ICA) system is essential for its reliable long-term operation. In this study, an ICA system was developed to successfully manage an AnMBR pilot plant co-digesting two waste streams (microalgae and primary sludge). The ICA implementation enabled its stable long-term operation for 576 days, ensuring the proper performance of biological and filtration processes and yielding 215 NmLCH4·gCODinf−1 at 35 °C. Variables such as temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, permeate flux and biogas flow were identified as key parameters and controlled. This included a 23% reduction in the integral of absolute error compared to a PID controller for permeate flow and the maintenance of a 0.5% standard deviation for digester temperature. These controls enabled AnMBR performance optimization, the rapid detection of process issues, and early corrective actions. As a start-up strategy to ensure proper filtration performance in the long term, critical flux tests were conducted, guaranteeing a competitive total annualized equivalent cost of 0.0016 EUR/m3 for optimal conditions. The study also calculated greenhouse gas emissions in different scenarios, proposing optimal and more sustainable pilot plant operations, mesophilic conditions, biogas upgrading through microalgae cultivation, and grid injection, reducing emissions by 423 kgCO2e·tCOD−1. To ensure the viability of emerging technologies such as AnMBR, proper start-up protocols are crucial, including favorable filtration and biological process operating conditions, ICA implementation, and key parameter control for technical, economic and environmental success.
Genetic and Morphological Characterization of the Invasive Corbicula Lineages in European Russia
Authors: Kropotin Alexander V. , Bespalaya Yulia V. , Aksenova Olga V. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Aksenov Andrey S. , Khrebtova Irina S. , Palatov Dmitry M. , Travina Oksana V. , Bolotov Ivan N.
Published: September 2023

Despite the full attention of malacologists to the study of Corbicula clams, stimulated mainly due to their high invasive potential and unique breeding system, studies based on an integrative taxonomic approach to identify various invasive lineages of this genus in European Russia are still limited. Our fieldwork was conducted in the Don, Volga, and Caspian Sea basins. In total, four distinct morphotypes belonging to the European forms R, Rlc, S, and “Int” of Corbicula clams were distinguished. According to our molecular genetic data, two Corbicula lineages, relevant to the nominal species Corbicula fluminea and C. fluminalis, can be defined. We observed a discrepancy between mtDNA haplotypes and morphological features for all individuals that were sampled from the Don and Kura Rivers. Identified mismatch may be due to the androgenetic reproduction of Corbicula that leads to cytonuclear inconsistencies. The 28S rRNA polymorphism in C. fluminea and C. fluminalis from studied localities was recorded. This occurrence is perhaps due to hybridization events between forms R, S, and Rlc. The biogeographic origins of Corbicula invasive lineages are discussed. Corbicula fluminalis (FW17, form S) has been detected for first time in the native range, namely in Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Myanmar. We assume that the invasion of C. fluminalis into reservoirs and watercourses of the Caspian Sea basin (Republic of Dagestan and Stavropol Krai of Russia) was from Western Asia and Transcaucasia, and the introduction of C. fluminea to the Don and Volga River basins was from unspecified European countries.
Evolution Characteristics of Water Quality in Plain Reservoirs and Its Relationship with the Economic Development Response: A Case Study of Daheiting Reservoir in Northern China
Authors: Li Budong , Chen Kaiqi , Liu Xiaobo , Liu Chang , Wang Shiyan
Published: September 2023

In order to explore the evolution characteristics of TP and NH3-N in Daheiting reservoir since its construction, and their response to economic development, the monitoring data of water quality from 1992 to 2018 and statistical data of socio-economic development in Qianxi County were analyzed to examine the interannual evolution of TP and NH3-N and their correlation with upstream water quality, various economic indicators, and the scale of cage fish culture. The results show that, influenced by economic development, the evolution process of TP and NH3-N in Daheiting reservoir can be divided into three stages. In Stage I, the economic development of Qianxi County was slow, and the water quality of upstream water and the reservoir was good, with TP and NH3-N concentrations remaining relatively stable. In Stage II, Qianxi County entered a period of rapid economic development, and the TP and NH3-N in upstream water and Daheiting reservoir both increased significantly, with TP exceeding the standard limit. In Stage III, the intensity of external pollution control increased, and all cages were removed from the reservoir. Both TP and NH3-N showed a downward trend, but TP still exceeded the standard limit. Pearson correlation analysis and RDA analysis revealed that the levels of TP and NH3-N in Daheiting reservoir were mainly affected by the water quality of upstream water and the development of primary industry (including cage fish culture).
Phosphate in Aqueous Solution Adsorbs on Limestone Surfaces and Promotes Dissolution
Authors: Li Liang , Wang Wenhai , Jiang Zhiwei , Luo Anzhong
Published: September 2023

The use of large quantities of phosphorus-containing fertilizers has resulted in an increase in phosphorus content in the groundwater system, and phosphorus can be adsorbed on the surface of carbonate rocks, affecting their dissolution process and thus carbon sequestration and sink enhancement in carbonate rocks. Therefore, in this study, limestone was exposed to 2 mg/L and 100 mg/L phosphate solutions for 12 d through static batch adsorption experiments. The hydrochemical results showed that in 100 mg/L phosphate solution, a substitution reaction occurred to produce CaHPO4 precipitate, while the concentration of each ion in 2 mg/L phosphate solution was relatively stable and in dynamic equilibrium; combined with XRD and XPS analyses, the main mechanism of phosphate adsorption may be chemical precipitation, which is preferentially adsorbed to Ca sites on carbonate rocks, and the surface deposits are mainly CaHPO4 and a small amount of Mg2PO4(OH). The FTIR spectra were obtained in the range of 1040 cm−1–1103 cm−1 for observed phosphate vibrations, and the υ3 (asymmetric stretching) mode was more significant in the experimental group with a higher phosphate concentration. Raman spectra located near 149 cm−1 and 275 cm−1 involved Ca2+ or Mg2+ relative translations and vibrations, corroborating the FTIR spectroscopic results; a combination of XRD, XPS, FTIR, and Raman spectra confirmed that phosphate adsorption on limestone may be due to the interaction of electrostatic, chemical precipitation, and ligand exchange mechanisms. In addition, the SEM-EDS results showed that, with the combined effect of the water–rock chemical reaction and physical adsorption, metal–phosphorus phase precipitation was formed on the limestone surface, which promoted the dissolution of limestone and may have an unfavorable effect on the carbon sequestration and sinking of carbonate rocks.
Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses of Novel Process for Nitrogen Recovery from Reject Water: Combining Electroconcentration and Stripping Methods
Authors: Nagy Judit , Do Thi Huyen Trang , Toth Andras Jozsef
Published: September 2023

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) has become an essential nutrient to reclaim and recycle from wastewater. Nitrogen has become a valued resource that is beneficial to recover in the wastewater sector, as nitrogen is a key component in many fertilizers. The main subject of this work is to investigate the environmental consequences of a novel nitrogen recovery process from reject water. In our study, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) were used to examine combining electroconcentration and stripping methods, including Monte Carlo simulation. Using SimaPro V9.3 software, the EF 3.0 Method, IPCC 2021 GWP100, ReCiPe 2016, and IMPACT World+ Endpoint were applied with heat and power, electricity high voltage, nuclear energy, and two renewable energies (solar and wind). EF 3.0 was endorsed by the European Commission for environmental footprinting. The operational unit of 1 m3 of reject water was chosen as the output, and “gate-to-gate” analysis was investigated. Our calculations show that the energies derived from natural sources reduce fossil-based environmental impacts and CO2 emissions significantly compared with conventional energy sources. A TOPSIS score was applied to appraise the choices in the case of MCDA. For the Australian territory, for the place of implementation of the technology, the most beneficial option was discovered to be wind energy offshore, with a score of 0.95, and the next was solar energy at 0.87.
Coupling Simulation and Prediction of Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in an Arid Inland River Basin under Climate Change
Authors: Qi Xiaofan , Li Wenpeng , Zheng Yuejun , Cui Huqun , Kang Weidong , Liu Zhenying , Shao Xinmin
Published: September 2023

The arid endorheic basin of northwest China is characterized by rich land resources, water shortage, and a fragile ecological environment. The establishment of a credible coupling model of groundwater and surface water based on multi-source observation data is an effective means to study the change in basin water cycles and the sustainable utilization of water resources in the past and future. Based on the latest understanding of hydrogeological conditions, hydrology and water resource utilization data in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin (HRB), this paper constructs an up-to-date coupling model of surface water and groundwater to study the water balance change of the basin. The water resources data series under historical replay and CMIP5 climate model prediction are constructed to predict future changes in water resources. The study shows that, under the joint influence of natural conditions and human activities, the average annual recharge of groundwater in the study area from 1990 to 2020 is 17.98 × 108 m3/a, the average annual discharge is 18.62 × 108 m3/a, and the difference between recharge and discharge is −0.64 × 108 m3/a. The total groundwater storage is −19.99 × 108 m3, of which the groundwater storage from 1990 to 2001 was −17.52 × 108 m3 and from 2002 to 2020 was −2.47 × 108 m3. Abundant water from 2002 to 2020 in the basin significantly improved the loss of groundwater storage. Under the prediction of historical reappearance and the CMIP5 CNRM-CM5 model RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 pathways, the groundwater level of the Heihe River–Liyuanhe River inclined plain falls first because the HRB has just experienced a wet season and then rises according to future climate change. The groundwater level of the inclined plain east of the Heihe River and Yanchi basin decreases continuously because of the change in water cycle caused by human activities. The erosion accumulation plain is located in the groundwater discharge zone, and the water level is basically stable. Under the conditions of water resource development and utilization, the runoff of Zhengyixia hydrological station cannot meet the requirements of the “97 Water Dividing Plan” of the State Council in most years in the future, and the ecological and production water in the lower reaches of HRB cannot be effectively guaranteed. With the implementation of water-saving irrigation under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the runoff of Zhengyixia can meet the “97 Water Diversion Plan”. It is suggested to further improve the level of agricultural water savings in the middle reaches of the HRB and control the reasonable scale of cultivated land in order to reduce water consumption in the middle reaches of the HRB and implement sustainable utilization of water resources in the HRB.
A Review of Non-Contact Water Level Measurement Based on Computer Vision and Radar Technology
Authors: Wu Zeheng , Huang Yu , Huang Kailin , Yan Kang , Chen Hua
Published: September 2023

As pioneering non-contact water level measurement technologies, both computer vision and radar have effectively addressed challenges posed by traditional water level sensors in terms of maintenance cost, real-time responsiveness, and operational complexity. Moreover, they ensure high-precision measurements in appropriate conditions. These techniques can be seamlessly integrated into unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, significantly enhancing the spatiotemporal granularity of water level data. However, computer-vision-based water level measurement methods face the core problems of accurately identifying water level lines and elevation calculations, which can lead to measurement errors due to lighting variations and camera position offsets. Although deep learning has received much attention in improving the generation, the effectiveness of the models is limited by the diversity of the datasets. For the radar water level sensor, the hardware structure and signal processing algorithms have to be further improved. In the future, by constructing more comprehensive datasets, developing fast calibration algorithms, and implementing multi-sensor data fusion, it is expected that the robustness, accuracy, and computational efficiency of water level monitoring will be significantly improved, laying a solid foundation for further innovations and developments of hydrological monitoring.
Internal Flow Phenomena of Two-Way Contra-Rotating Axial-Flow Pump-Turbine with Various Numbers of Blades in Pump Mode
Authors: An Ce , Chen Yiming , Fu Qiang , Zhu Rongsheng
Published: September 2023

The focus of this paper is to investigate how various numbers of blades impact the performance of a two-way contra-rotating axial-flow pump-turbine when operating in pump mode. In order to meet the two-way operation of the pump-turbine, the front and rear impellers are mirror-symmetric with the same hydraulic model, which ensures the consistent performance of the forward and reverse working conditions. However, when the two-stage impellers have the same number of blades, the dynamic–dynamic interference can be severe, which can threaten the stability of the unit. The present study explores the use of two-stage impellers with varying numbers of blades as a means of enhancing the performance of tidal energy units. By conducting numerical simulations on the front and rear impellers under different flow rates in pump mode, the impact of increasing the number of blades in each stage on the external characteristics of the pump-turbine is revealed. The internal flow characteristics of different models are analyzed, and the impact of the number of blades on the vortex is studied. Different blade numbers will have a certain impact on the internal flow of the two-way contra-rotating axial-flow pump–turbine. Increasing the number of blades will affect the development of tip-leakage vortices and promote their intersection with the wake. In addition, changes in the number of blades will have an impact on the location of the leading edge (LE) water impact on the rear impeller, which in turn affects the contours of vorticity of the rear impeller near the LE and the location of the suction surface (SS) flow separation. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for future research on the operation of contra-rotating axial-flow pump-turbines.
Youth Work, Music Making and Activism
Authors: Howard Frances
Published: September 2023

Music making holds great potential for youth activism. When combined with youth work, that potential is significantly heightened. This article applies Kuttner’s framework for justice-oriented cultural citizens to data gleaned from five youth workers across three different cities in the East Midlands of England. Each of these youth workers was interviewed about their involvement in music-making activities, from providing instrumental tuition to facilitating lyric-writing workshops, and their perspectives on youth activism. Data from this study highlights the affordances of youth music making in relation to three layers of activism: self-activism, community-level activism and wider social activism. This article concludes by arguing for the importance of music-making spaces for young people and music making practices within youth work.
Analysis of olaparib efficacy in patients with serous ovarian cancer
Authors:   State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Primorsky Regional Oncological Dispensary», Vladivostok, Russia, Zhurman V. N. ,   Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Russia, Eliseeva E. V. ,   Pacific State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Russia
Published: September 2023

Modern treatment of ovarian cancer is impossible without understanding the carcinogenesis and the structure of malignant epithelial ovarian tumors and carrying out molecular genetic testing for homologous recombination deficiency. The choice of maintenance therapy depends on the presence of a mutation in the BRCA1/2 genes and the HRD status of the tumor. Targeted drugs, such as bevacizumab and olaparib, are used in the treatment of ovarian cancer. The aim of the work is to determine the effectiveness of olaparib in first-line maintenance therapy and in the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrence of ovarian cancer. A retrospective study included 67 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer stages I–IV who were prescribed olaparib in first-line maintenance therapy or in maintenance therapy for the treatment of disease progression, provided a complete or partial response to platinum-containing chemotherapy in the period from 2016 to 2022. The median life expectancy of the patients receiving first-line maintenance treatment coincides with the median time to progression; only one patient died due to the progression of the disease, and the rest are alive. The median time to progression in the group of patients with maintenance therapy of relapses was 23.0 ± 1.5 months, and the median life expectancy was 24.7 ± 2.3 months. When comparing the patients of the first group, depending on the term of surgical treatment performed, the median life expectancy was statistically higher with primary cytoreduction and constituted 46.0 months, while in the interval cytoreduction group, it was 25.0 months (p = 0.018). When comparing the patients of the second group, depending on the mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, the median life expectancy was statistically higher in the patients with a mutation in the BRCA2 gene — by 38.6 months (p = 0.020). The addition of olaparib to the treatment of BRCA-associated ovarian cancer in first-line maintenance therapy and in the treatment of platinum-sensitive relapses of the disease makes it possible to increase the median time to progression and median life expectancy.
Psychic trauma and a special plot of short stories as a result of the incompatibility of personality and culture (interpretation of a love-passionate plot in the stories of Ivan Bunin)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rozin V.M.
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the features of the love-passionate plot in the stories of Ivan Bunin. The question is raised why Bunin, describing the strange or immoral acts of the heroes, does not condemn them, and in general draws a bright, sometimes sad atmosphere. Analysis of L.S. Vygotsky’s short story “Easy Breathing” by Bunin allows us to express an idea about a certain strategy for building Bunin’s works. Based on this consideration, the methods by which Bunin achieves the effect of perception of the characters he needs are analyzed. There are three such techniques: the convergence of the actions and behavior of the characters with the life and breath of nature, the depiction of the life of the characters from the point of view that Bunin needs, and the endowment of the characters with personality traits that exclude ethical characteristics and problems. The scientific explanation of Bunin's artistic constructions is based on the analysis of mental trauma (caused by the departure of the first wife and the horrors of the revolution), artistic understanding of the events that interest the writer, and the peculiarities of the conceptualization of these events. In addition, it is proposed to take into account that Bunin began and became famous as a poet, and as a poet he composed his prose partly according to the laws of versification.
Studying syntax in Russian lessons in primary school
Authors:   Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Isaeva L.А. , Baisultanova P.Sh. ,   Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny
Published: September 2023

In elementary school, the study of syntax in Russian language lessons is of great importance for the formation of grammatical skills in oral and written speech. The article discusses the problems associated with the study of syntax in Russian language lessons in elementary school, and suggests methods and techniques that enhance this process. The results of the study can be useful not only for elementary grades, but also for parents who want their children to succeed in school. The aim of the study is the most successful methods and approaches to teaching syntax, which were used in Russian language lessons in elementary school.
Scientific theories in memorial architecture
Authors:   Architecture Department, State University of Land Use Planning, Limonad M. Y. , Bezshleeva P. A. ,   Architecture faculty, State University of Land Use Planning
Published: September 2023

The article provides a description of memorial architecture with the components and formation processes. The correlation of memorial architecture and the general theory of architecture from the philosophical point of view is also here as well.
Taking on the Corporate Determinants of Ill-health and Health Inequity: A Scoping Review of Actions to Address Excessive Corporate Power to Protect and Promote the Public’s Health
Authors: Wood Benjamin , Lacy-Nichols Jennifer , Sacks Gary
Published: September 2023

Background: In many sectors of the economy, for-profit business corporations hold excessive power relative to some governments and civil society. These power imbalances have been recognised as important contributors to many pressing and complex societal challenges, including unhealthy diets, climate change, and widening socio-economic inequalities, and thus pose a major barrier to efforts to improve public health and health equity. In this paper, we reviewed potential actions for addressing excessive corporate power. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of diverse literature (using Scopus, Web of Science, HeinOnline, and EBSCO databases), along with expanded searches, to identify state and collective actions with the potential to address excessive corporate power. Actions were thematically classified into overarching strategic objectives, guided by Meagher’s ‘3Ds’ heuristic, which classifies actions to curb corporate power into three groups: dispersion, democratisation, and dissolution. Based on the actions identified, we proposed two additional strategic objectives: reform and democratise the global governance of corporations, and strengthen countervailing power structures. Results: We identified 178 documents that collectively cover a broad range of actions to address excessive corporate power. In total, 18 interrelated strategies were identified, along with several examples in which aspects of these strategies have been implemented. Conclusion: The proposed framework sheds light on how a diverse set of strategies and actions that seek to address excessive corporate power can work synergistically to change the regulatory context in which corporations operate, so that broader societal goals, including health and equity, are given much greater prominence and consideration vis-à-vis powerful corporate interests.