bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variation of marine megafauna off coastal beaches of south-eastern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Cross Maddison C. , Mitchell Jonathan D. , Dudgeon Christine L. , Townsend Kathy A. , Scott-Holland Tracey B. , Holmes Bonnie J.
Published: October 2024

Context Coastal beach environments provide habitats for marine megafauna, including turtles, rays, marine mammals and sharks. However, accessing these variable energy zones has been difficult for researchers by using traditional methods. Aims This study used drone-based aerial surveys to assess spatio-temporal variation of marine megafauna across south-eastern Queensland, Australia. Methods Drones were operated at five south-eastern Queensland beaches. Megafauna sightings and key variables including location, month and turbidity were analysed to assess variation across locations. Key results Overall, 3815 individual megafauna were detected from 3273 flights. There were significant differences in the composition of megafauna assemblages throughout the year and among beaches, with megafaunal sightings in >80% of flights conducted off North Stradbroke Island. Conclusions Strong temporal presence was found that is congruent with other studies examining seasonality. This supports the use of drones to provide ecological data for many hard-to-study megafauna species and help inform long-term sustainable management of coastal ecosystems. Implications Results indicated that environmental conditions can influence the probability of sighting marine megafauna during aerial surveys.
Post-fire clumping of seedlings of Cape Proteaceae species: ecological, evolutionary and conservation implications
Authors: Midgley J. J. , Cramer M. D. , Schutte-Vlok A. L. , Veldtman A.
Published: October 2024

Background Spatial clumping of plants results in intense competition. Aims We analysed the extent of clumping of Proteaceae seedlings across the Cape Floristic Region after fire. Methods To demonstrate the extent of clumping in 23 species, we analysed the seedling and adult densities in 290 post-fire surveys each of 100 × 1 m2 plots using standard indices of clumping. Key results We detected clumping of Cape Proteaceae seedlings, whereas parent plants were less clumped. The clumping is not due to limited safe sites for seedlings because the number of plots at a site with at least one seedling was positively related to the number of seedlings at the site. Sites with seedlings were enriched in nutrients relative to those without. Conclusions The possible benefits of clumping are saturation of granivores and co-location of buried seeds with nutrient-rich patches of fire-derived ash and debris. A cause of clumping is seeds sticking together. Clumping, which is strongly intraspecific, has implications for trait evolution and the dominance of reseeders over resprouters. Strong clumping reduces the usefulness of the widely used seedling:parent index to determine whether fires were favourable or not. Implications Clumping has implications for understanding seed dispersal distances, seedling versus adult traits, fire responses and demography.
Evolutionary origins of the lysosome-related organelle sorting machinery reveal ancient homology in post-endosome trafficking pathways
Authors: More Kiran J. , Kaufman Jonathan G. G. , Dacks Joel B. , Manna Paul T.
Published: October 2024

The major organelles of the endomembrane system were in place by the time of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) (~1.5 billion years ago). Their acquisitions were defining milestones during eukaryogenesis. Comparative cell biology and evolutionary analyses show multiple instances of homology in the protein machinery controlling distinct interorganelle trafficking routes. Resolving these homologous relationships allows us to explore processes underlying the emergence of additional, distinct cellular compartments, infer ancestral states predating LECA, and explore the process of eukaryogenesis itself. Here, we undertake a molecular evolutionary analysis (including providing a transcriptome of the jakobid flagellate
Reclinomonas americana
), exploring the origins of the machinery responsible for the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LROs), the Biogenesis of LRO Complexes (BLOCs 1,2, and 3). This pathway has been studied only in animals and is not considered a feature of the basic eukaryotic cell plan. We show that this machinery is present across the eukaryotic tree of life and was likely in place prior to LECA, making it an underappreciated facet of eukaryotic cellular organisation. Moreover, we resolve multiple points of ancient homology between all three BLOCs and other post-endosomal retrograde trafficking machinery (BORC, CCZ1 and MON1 proteins, and an unexpected relationship with the “homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting” (HOPS) and “Class C core vacuole/endosomal tethering” (CORVET) complexes), offering a mechanistic and evolutionary unification of these trafficking pathways. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive account of the rise of the LROs biogenesis machinery from before the LECA to current eukaryotic diversity, integrating it into the larger mechanistic framework describing endomembrane evolution.
Sustainable Insect Farming: A System and One Health Approach for Effective Management
Authors: Barragán-Fonseca Karol B.
Published: October 2024

Sustainable insect farming provides significant benefits for human, animal, and environmental health, contributing to multiple Sustainable Development Goals. This document explores how insect farming may improve nutrition, contribute to people’s livelihoods, and increase environmental resilience. It examines the key stages of insect production, including reproduction, incubation, and growth, and how to optimize both efficiency and sustainability during all stages of production. Following the One Health approach, it assesses the benefits and risks associated with insect farming, including potential disease transmission and presence of allergens. Strategies for improving sustainability are discussed, including adopting best practices, promoting circular food systems, and adapting production methods to specific regions. This document emphasizes the need for continuous research, innovation, and public outreach, and provides a framework for addressing challenges to – and maximizing the potential of – insect farming to contribute to developing sustainable agri-food systems.

Information

© The Author 2024
Battling Wheat Rust in South Africa: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Pretorius Zacharias A. , Terefe Tarekegn , Visser Botma , Boshoff Willem H.P.
Published: October 2024

Rust diseases are seasonal in occurrence but remain a threat to wheat production in South Africa. Adaptation of local races for pathogenic variability, the incursion of exotic variants, the successful survival of pathogens between cropping seasons, susceptibility of some varieties, and favourable environmental conditions, all contribute to rust incidence. Rust surveillance and race typing of
Puccinia graminis
f. sp.
tritici
(
Pgt
) and
P. triticina
(
Pt
) have been conducted since the 1980s, with
P. striiformis
f. sp.
tritici
(
Pst
) being added in 1996. To support race phenotyping, molecular characterisation of key isolates was initiated in 2007. Between 2007 and 2022, 11 new
Pt
races, 8 new
Pgt
races, and 1 new
Pst
race confirmed a continued evolution of South African wheat rust populations. Isolates of important races are used for rigorous germplasm evaluation and risk assessment of commercial varieties. Although resistance is the management method of choice, fungicides are regularly applied against a panel of fungal pathogens, likewise protecting crops against rust. Yield loss studies, genetics of resistance, germplasm enrichment, marker development and application, support to breeding companies, chemical control, and the communication of rust data and relevant information, are themes contributed by stakeholders combatting the wheat rusts in South Africa.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Angle-selective surface based on aperture-coupled frequency-selective surface
Authors: Xu Honghui , Zhou Dongfang , Liu Qikun , Wang Yangyang , Qian Hang
Published: October 2024

In this work, we propose a dual-polarized angle-selective surface (DASS) based on a compact double-layer aperture-coupled frequency-selective surface. The electromagnetic coupling between the compact aperture layers is leveraged to modify the equivalent permittivity and permeability along the normal direction, resulting in excellent dual-polarized, broadband angle-selective characteristics. Additionally, a novel compact stacking approach is introduced to further enhance the angle-selective performance. By tightly stacking two DASS layers, a double-layer DASS (DDASS) structure with superior angle-selective capabilities is achieved. Both structures are fabricated and measured, showing good agreement between the measured and simulated results. Compared to existing dual-polarized angle-selective surfaces, the proposed designs offer advantages such as a low profile and broadband frequency response.
Supercapacitor performance of pure and Ni-doped CuO electrodes prepared by USP
Authors: Demir Kübra Çınar , İskenderoğlu Demet , Güney Harun
Published: October 2024

In this study, the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique was employed to fabricate pure and 3% Ni-doped copper oxide (CuO) thin films (TFs) on In2O3/SnO2 (ITO) coated glass substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that both pure and 3% Ni-doped CuO TFs exhibit a polycrystalline structure with the tenorite phase oriented preferentially along the (111) plane. The morphological properties of these TFs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed that the deposited TFs achieved the desired stoichiometry. The electrochemical properties of both pure and 3% Ni-doped CuO TFs were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). At a current density of 1 A g−1, the specific capacitance of pure CuO TFs was found to be 78 F g−1, decreasing to 2 F g−1 at 10 A g−1. In contrast, Ni-doped CuO TFs exhibited a specific capacitance of 722 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 20 F g−1 at 10 A g−1. These results indicate that Ni-doping significantly enhances the specific capacitance values. The superior performance of Ni-doped CuO electrodes is attributed to their uniformly high porosity and improved electrical conductivity, demonstrating Ni-doped CuO as an optimal electrode material for pseudocapacitors.
Analysis of shear creep damage model of slope rock mass under the influence of coupled damage effects (DBSM)
Authors: Wang Zeqi , Hu Bin , Li Jing , Zhong Zhuoxi , Zhang Xiangyu
Published: October 2024

This article reveals the evolution law of shear creep damage of carbonaceous shale (weak interlayer of slope) under dynamic load from a mechanical perspective by combining indoor experiments and theoretical research. Firstly, a coupled damage variable D

BSM
was established for the initial damage D

0
and dynamic disturbance shear creep damage D

BS
of rock mass based on the theory of damage mechanics. Secondly, according to the fractional calculus operator theory and considering the influence of coupled damage variable D

BSM
on the viscosity coefficient of rock mass in the viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity creep stages, a shear creep damage model of rock mass was established. At the same time, combined with the shear creep test data under the influence of dynamic loads, the damage evolution law of shear creep in carbonaceous shale (weak interlayer of slope) was revealed, and the accuracy of the established shear creep damage model was verified. Finally, the damage evolution law of carbonaceous shale was quantitatively analyzed. Results show that: The shear creep damage model established in this article has unique advantages. The greater the initial damage, the more likely shear creep failure is to occur under the influence of dynamic disturbance and shear creep loads. Dynamic disturbance accelerates the damage of weak interlayers of slope. The cumulative coupling damage of carbonaceous shale (D

ma
≤0.18) under dynamic disturbance and multi-stage shear creep loads exhibits an S-like evolution pattern. The shear creep damage mechanism of carbonaceous shale is characterized by obvious initial damage effect, dynamic disturbance damage effect, and stress response characteristics.
Design and performance exploration of Pb-free low-cost all-inorganic perovskite-inspired CuAgBi2I8 solar cells: theoretical approach
Authors: Zhang Kun , Xing Yupeng , Du Zuyan , Ding Renjie , Yuan Yujie , Bi Jinlian , Li Wei
Published: October 2024

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have demonstrated great potential for photovoltaic applications owing to their unprecedented optoelectronic properties and low manufacturing costs. However, the commercialization of this technology is hindered by its thermal instability and inherent toxicity. In this study, SCAPS-1D simulation software was used to study the performance of solar cell based on CuAgBi2I8, which is a novel inorganic non-toxic lead-free perovskite-inspired material. Different electron transport layers (TiO2, In2S3, ZnO, Zn0.75Mg0.25O,SnO2 and SrTiO3) and hole transport layers (CuI, PEDOT:PSS, CuSCN and Cu2O) were studied, our research indicated that SnO2 and NiO formed the optimal combination. Further analysis revealed that the optimal absorption layer thickness was 900 nm, the absorption layer doping concentration should be less than 1 × 1013 cm−3 and the defect density should be less than 1 × 1014 cm−3. The optimal thickness of SnO2 and NiO was 30 nm, the optimal doping concentration of SnO2 and NiO was 1 × 1020 cm−3, the defect density of absorber layer/SnO2 and absorber layer/NiO interfaces should be less than 1 × 1012 cm−3, C was the optimal back electrode material. Consequently, the optimal device configuration was identified as FTO/SnO2/CuAgBi2I8/NiO/C, the efficiency was improved from original 2.76% to 19.10% after above optimization. These results indicate that solar cell with CuAgBi2I8 as the absorber layer is a potential alternative to organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells.
Research on triboelectric-piezoelectric energy harvesting technology driven by wind
Authors: Li Biao , Shao Jiaru , Zheng Zijun , Yang Yu , Zheng Bolin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the triboelectric-piezoelectric energy harvesting technology is systematically studied. Piezoelectric materials and friction materials are combined to form integrated piezoelectric plates. A wind energy harvester based on integrated piezoelectric plates is designed and its performance is evaluated. Experimental results reveal that the maximum peak voltage for piezoelectricity and triboelectricity are 38.91 V and 12.4 V, respectively. Notably, the output voltage of the integrated piezoelectric plate is observed to increase by 31.87% compared to the original piezoelectric plate. The maximum piezoelectric peak voltage of the overall wind energy harvester is 145.23 V, and the maximum triboelectric peak voltage is 43.25 V, which can provide continuous power for small components. The integrated piezoelectric plates demonstrates a substantial enhancement in the original piezoelectric output voltage, indicating significant application potential.
A multi-medical image encryption algorithm based on ROI and DNA coding
Authors: Teng Lin , Liu Yang , Wang Yafei
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of information technology in the field of electronic medicine, the confidentiality of medical images has received increasing attention. The research on the encryption of multiple medical images holds greater practical significance. In this paper, the encryption algorithm is designed specifically for the region of interest (ROI) in medical images. Different techniques and methods are used to encrypt ROI and region of non-interest (RONI) respectively. By combining improved Zigzag scrambling, DNA coding, and the Fisher-Yates shuffle, we place an emphasis on protecting the ROI, and achieve secure encryption for medical images of any number and size. In addition, a new one-dimensional chaotic system S-LCS with larger parameter space and better chaotic properties is proposed. In this encryption scheme, the information about the ROI serves as the secret key, and the initial values and parameters of the chaotic sequences required for encryption are calculated from this key. This strengthens the relationship between the key and the plaintext, enhancing the security of the key. Through testing and comparative analysis, it has been found that the encryption algorithm has high enough security, can resist various attacks, and has high encryption efficiency in the application scenario of multi-image encryption.
Renormalizable quantum theory of gravity
Authors: Borodikhin V N
Published: October 2024

The renormalizable quantum theory of gravity is constructed based on Vector Theory of Gravity. The possibility of the existence of spin two gravitons within the framework of this theory is shown. A number of different quantum gravitational effects are considered. The parameters of the post-Newtonian approximation of the Vector Theory of Gravity have been also found.
Evolution of the Universe with quintessence model in Rastall gravity
Authors: Singh J K , Singh Akanksha , Ghosh Sushant G , Maharaj Sunil D
Published: October 2024

We investigate the Universe’s evolution within the framework of Rastall gravity, which is an extension of the standard ΛCDM model. Utilizing a linear parametrization of the Equation of State (EoS) in a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) background, we constrain the model parameters through analysis of cosmic chronometers (CC), Pantheon, Gold, Gamma Ray Burst (GRB), and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) datasets, as well as their joint analysis, under 1σ and 2σ confidence levels, considering the Rastall parameter λ. The constrained parameters are then used to compare our model with the standard ΛCDM model. Our findings include a detailed examination of the model’s physical interpretations and demonstrate the potential for an accelerating universe expansion in later times, aligning with the observed behavior of dark energy.
Hydrodynamic heat conduction based on eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the normal collision operator
Authors: Xu Mingtian , Wei Tao
Published: October 2024

Although the Guyer-Krumhansl equations has opened up the study of phonon hydrodynamics in ultra-low temperature and low dimensional non-metallic crystals, it still cannot explain the high thermal conductivity of low dimensional non-metallic materials in adiabatic environments. In this work, the analytical solution of the linear Boltzmann transport equation with the Callaway approximation is obtained by expanding the nonequilibrium distribution function into a series of the orthogonal eigenvectors of the normal-process collision operator. By assuming the normal scatterings dominate the heat conduction in an anisotropic non-metallic crystal allowing the different branches of the phonon frequency spectrum having different group velocity, the macroscopic energy and momentum balance equations are developed for describing the phonon hydrodynamic transport. For an isotropic and dispersionless system, these balance equations reduce to the improved Guyer-Krumhansl equations. The thermal conductivity in these balance equations includes not only the contribution of the resistive scatterings, but also the contribution of the normal scatterings. Therefore, the improved Guyer-Krumhansl equations is capable for explaining the high thermal conductivity of suspended graphene, which is validated by the experimental results. Finally, the improved Guyer-Krumhansl equations is employed to derive the occurrence condition of the second sound in suspended single-layer graphene.
Correlation analysis of the long-term interplay of cosmic rays, solar activity, and solar irradiance
Authors: Sedrati Rafik , Bouchachi Dallel , Attallah Reda
Published: October 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between solar irradiance variability, solar activity, and cosmic rays over an extensive period from 1950 to 2023, well beyond the scope of previous research that focused on fewer solar cycles. Besides, using a robust dataset, we investigated the correlation between solar activity, represented by sunspot numbers, and the total solar irradiance, alongside the influence of cosmic rays. In this respect, our methodology incorporated sophisticated statistical techniques, including correlation analysis and linear regression, in order to elucidate the complex relationships among these variables. We identified a strong positive correlation between solar activity and total solar irradiance

r
≈
+
0.95

, together with a significant anti-correlation between solar activity and cosmic rays

r
≈
−
0.72

as well as cosmic rays and total solar irradiance

r
≈
−
0.67

. As a consequence, the results of this study offer new insights into the long-term solar influence on climate through cosmic rays, enhancing our understanding of the Sun-Earth dynamic over prolonged periods. Likewise, the extended time series and the analytical framework developed in this study pave the way for further research into related phenomena, including the effects of cloud cover and potential links between cosmic rays and climate change.
The hydrodynamics of inverse phase transitions
Authors: Barni Giulio , Blasi Simone , Vanvlasselaer Miguel
Published: October 2024

First order phase transitions are violent phenomena that occur when the state of the
universe evolves abruptly from one vacuum to another. A direct phase transition connects a
local vacuum to a deeper vacuum of the zero-temperature potential, and the energy difference
between the two minima manifests itself in the acceleration of the bubble wall. In this sense, the
transition is triggered by the release of vacuum energy. On the other hand, an inverse
phase transition connects a deeper minimum of the zero-temperature potential to a higher one, and
the bubble actually expands against the vacuum energy. The transition is then triggered purely by
thermal corrections. We study for the first time the hydrodynamics and the energy budget of
inverse phase transitions. We find several modes of expansion for inverse bubbles, which are
related to the known ones for direct transitions by a mirror symmetry. We finally investigate the
friction exerted on the bubble wall and comment on the possibility of runaway walls in inverse
phase transitions.
Effect of water absorption on thickness swelling of natural fiber reinforced styrene acrylonitrile composite
Authors: Tamta Nisha , Palsule Sanjay
Published: October 2024

Applications of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites span diverse industries, including automotive, construction and consumer goods. The nature of natural fiber is hygroscopic, so they have tendency to absorb water and that results in the thickness swelling of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. This study investigates the effect of water absorption on thickness swelling of natural fiber reinforced functionalized styrene acrylonitrile composites as well as the mechanism of thickness swelling.
Performance Evaluation of Ternary Blended Cement Concrete with Manufactured Sand using Alccofine and Zeolite in different replacement levels
Authors: Vivek Kumar C , Vasa J S S K , Rishabalaxmi M , Shivraj S J , Ganesh M
Published: October 2024

Concrete is the most adaptable, extensively researched, and reliable building material available worldwide. minimizing the adverse impacts of the construction sector on the ecosystem as it exists today. Manufactured sand (MS) or manufactured fine aggregate (MFA) is made by crushing larger aggregate pieces into aggregate particles the size of sand. Manufactured sand is widely employed in the construction industry as a substitute for river sand, mostly for making concrete mixtures and mortar. By utilizing less cement in the concrete in the current study, Alccofine 1203 and Zeolite were partially substituted for cement, making the concrete a more sustainable material. Zeolite (ZL) is produced when ash and rock layers that simultaneously form following a volcanic eruption are used in concrete as a substitute for Portland cement, making up 4% of the total mass. The utilization of manufactured sand has recently started, with several construction projects taking place in various countries. In this experiment, alccofine (AF) 1203 is being used in M40-grade concrete in amounts ranging from 2% to 20% as a cement substitute. To create Ternary Blended Cement Concrete (TBCC), cement, 4% zeolite, and 50% MS are used in place of natural sand.
Microstructural and mechanical Characterization of friction stir processed A356 alloy
Authors: Kumar Harikishor , Prasad Rabindra , Kumar Parshant
Published: October 2024

Being solid in nature, friction stir processing (FSP) is considered as most efficient and effective tool to eradicate the shortcomings associated with cast products. In the present investigation, FSP has been utilized to refine the cast alloy (A356) and see its effect on mechanical properties. It carries a non-consumable tool which rotates at high RPM, creating a lot of stirring action that breaks up dendritic structure (α-Al). It also smooths out acicular Si-particles. This procedure guarantees that silicon particles are evenly distributed over the treated plate’s stirred zone. The treated alloy exhibits a significant improvement in hardness and tensile strength due to the breaking of dendritic structure (α-Al) and even sputtering of particles.
Characteristics of light emission and wear behaviour of a reinforced composite material made of basalt and jute for optimum parameters
Authors: Pavan Kumar T , Udaya Kiran C , Chennakesava Reddy A
Published: October 2024

This article presents a study conducted on the characterization and preparation of jute/basalt reinforced composites as a novel polymer matrix. The material is created using hand layup process, taking into account the orthogonal L27 series for 3 levels and 4 method parameters. Tensile and hardness values are computed, and the ideal composition is examined using the Taguchi technique. The 27 experiments yielded different optimum parameters, and they are then duplicated through production and experimentation. The hardness number is 91.52 and the tensile strength value is recorded as 133.94 Mpa. Additional studies are carried out on the ideal parameters to determine the light emissivity using the percentage degradation of opacity obtained from opacity tests. A wear test is also carried out to determine the wear behaviour of the ideal parameters both before and after test circumstances.
Myricetin-Capped Biosynthesis of Silver-Selenium Nanoparticles and its Anticandidal Activities
Authors: Hinaz Fathima , Venkatesan Lekha Sree , Duraisamy Revathi
Published: October 2024

Bioflavonoid myricetin-capped silver-selenium nanoparticles (Myr-AgSeNPs) are biosynthesized successfully by a green approach. The physicochemical properties of the biosynthesized Myr-AgSeNPs were characterized using SEM, EDS, and FTIR techniques. The biosynthesized Myr-AgSeNPs are appeared as combined spherical and rod in form with the average size of 100 to 600 nm in size. The EDS micrograph confirms the appearance of Se and Ag with carbon and oxygen atoms, which suggests that the biosynthesized particles have high purity. The appeared carbon and oxygen atoms correspond to the organic molecules (myricetin) attached on the surface of the nanoparticles. The FTIR results indicates that the functional groups of myricetin attached on the surface of the AgSeNPs, which confirms that the myricetin coated on the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The anticandidal activity of the biosynthesized Myr-AgSeNPs was examined based on zone of inhibition (ZOI) studies on agar well-diffusion method. The results shows that the anticandidal activity of Myr-AgSeNPs against the tested candidiasis-causing Candida albicans is almost equal to the standard antibiotic fluconazole. Finally, this study suggests that Myr-AgSeNPs might be good candidate for the effective treatment of candidiasis-causing by C. albicans.
A Review of the Mechanical Properties of Biochar-Reinforced Aluminium 7075/SiC Composites
Authors: Guru Mahesh Gadham Setty , Vijayan D.S. , Sivakumar K. , Kavitha N. , Arumugam Vengatesan , Damodara Reddy A. , Rajesh S.
Published: October 2024

In the current research, we analyse various mechanical and machining characteristics of SIC/Al 7075 aluminium composites. These alloys exhibit twinning effects at high temperatures, which reduce their usage for functional applications. To overcome this, we add several reinforcements such as carbide and oxide groups, as well as ceramic strengthening particulates and biochar reinforcement. Micron-sized reinforcement is commonly utilized for several applications, thus improving the percentage of reinforcement to a maximum because it promotes higher hardness and toughness for machining characteristics. In this regard, we replace nano-sized strengthening particulates for such applications. We infer that the percentage of reinforcement of such ceramic particles cannot be increased due to particle agglomeration. Considering this as a major drawback, we illustrate a study on nano-sized reinforcement on Al7075 alloy with different processing methods in this investigation. We also carry out the modification of biochar.
Experimental Evaluation Of Quasi-Static Strength Of Composite Laminate With Nano Particles
Authors: Fazle Rabbi Md , Balaji G , Jensin Joshua J , Singh Dalbir , Madhanraj V , Ezhilmaran G , Qamar Shabahat Hasnain
Published: October 2024

This research project delves into the strategic augmentation of composite laminates for aerospace and structural applications, recognizing the pivotal role of weight in material design. Employing intricate handloom weaving techniques and precision hand layer methods, three distinct composite laminates are crafted, each distinguished by varying concentrations of aluminum nanoparticles/nano oxides such as 1%, 3%, and 5%. Rigorous quasi-static loading protocols within a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) reveal a discernible enhancement in impact strength for the 3% nanoparticle composite laminate compared to counterparts with 1% and 5% nanoparticle concentrations. This improvement is attributed to the uniform nanoparticle dispersion and closely spaced fiber architecture within the laminate. Beyond the laboratory, this strategic integration of nanoparticles demonstrates promise in optimizing material properties, with potential applications in advanced technologies such as bulletproofing. This study, characterized by meticulous precision and scientific rigor, contributes nuanced insights to the field of composite material science.
Uncertainty Quantification for Digital Twins in Smart Manufacturing and Robotics: A Review
Authors: Battula S , Alla S N , Ramana E V , Kiran Kumar N , Bhanu Murthy S
Published: October 2024

This paper elaborates on the large number of Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) techniques that have been proposed to enhance the reliability and the fidelity of Digital Twins that are increasingly finding applications in domains like Robotics and Smart Manufacturing. Digital twins are virtual duplicates or virtual models of a physical asset; they use advanced techniques such as data analytics and simulation-driven methods. However, the development and use of these advanced systems are plagued by a host of uncertainties, which are mainly introduced from sensor noise, intermittent connectivity, biases from data processing, and model abstractions and simulation stochasticity. Such uncertainties can be quantified by methods such as frequentist statistics, interval analysis, Bayesian inference, and random sampling. The mapping is important in gaining insights into these UQ methods and their associated advantages and limitations and the mitigation guidelines are to be used throughout the Digital Twin pipeline. UQ at its core involves real-time adaptive control in dynamically changing environments that leverage state awareness towards responsive action within predictive control models and feedback systems. In addition, machine learning algorithms support the ability to make better decisions from the identification of patterns in historical data to make plans for responsive trajectories of robots. UQ further allows the collaboration of human and machine, giving early warnings on anomalies and risks that enhance visibility which further fosters coordination and communication during disruptive situations. Robust development of digital twins for robotics and manufacturing relies on integrated UQ practices. The current review provides best practices, insights, and guidelines on the application of UQ across modeling, control strategies, and collaborative workflows aimed at delivering actionable and reliable insights from digital twin simulations, analytics, and decision support.
Finite Element Analysis of Lathe Machine Chuck for Vibration Stability
Authors: Gaikwad Suraj , Shaikh Aamir M. , Kubade Pravin R.
Published: October 2024

Torsional vibration causes failure of the lathe chuck, which can cause hazardous situations on the shop floor. The design of the lathe chuck has a rugged structure which causes cascading failure of lathe spindle assembly. However, the operational stability also decreases. This study aims to obtain the effect of dynamics characteristics like natural frequency of the lathe machine chuck and to propose an effect of modified design of the lathe machine chuck through the target of improving the performance of the lathe chuck and minimizing the vibration effect on the lathe chuck. Also observing the total deformation in the model. A finite element model of the lathe machine chuck has been constructed in the mode analysis to regulate the dynamic properties, deflection and instability of the system. The three-dimensional solid model has been constructed for analysis. In this study, the use of ANSYS workbench software is helpful to solve the case and obtain the deformation.
Principle Study of MoS2 FET at lower Channel Lengths
Authors: Kumar Aruru Sai , Bharath Srinivasulu V. , Ganesh Chokkakula , Jukuru Venkat , Valluru Thanvitha , Vamsi D.P.S.S.S.K
Published: October 2024

This study of a two-dimensional FET (2DFET) works with a channel made of MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2 and different dielectric materials. Materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2), and molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) belong to the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) family and are known for their fascinating electronic properties. These materials have different band gaps, carrier mobilities, and intrinsic properties that make them ideal candidates for 2D transistor channels. In this study, we investigate the influence of different dielectric materials on the performance of 2D FETs with MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2 as channel materials, with a strong focus on high-speed operation. Our study analyzes performance metrics like on-current (Ion), off-current (Ioff), and on-off current ratio which will be more when compared with Si-based FETs.Notably, the choice of dielectric significantly influences these metrics, with high-k dielectrics and HfO2 often surpassing SiO2.
Surface Roughness Prediction using Swarm Fuzzy SVR Technique
Authors: Akash V S , Edwin Raja Dhas J , Anton Savio Lewise K , Jesuthanam C P
Published: October 2024

Surface of a machined component is a significant factor in evaluating the quality. Quality of machined surface plays an important role in predicting the fatigue strength, corrosion resistance and creep life. It is tedious to realize the process parameters behind the surface roughness formation mechanism. Hence development of models, which can predict a wide variety of process parameters to assist the real time factory floor decision making process is challenging. This article addresses the development of particle swarm optimization-based support vector regression model for machining quality prediction. Data set for training and testing the proposed model is obtained from experimental observations supported with regression results with spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and vibration as input parameters and surface roughness as output parameter. K-fold cross validation is applied for training and testing the proposed model. Predicted results from swarm-based support vector regression model are validated with fuzzy and support vector regression models. Analysis of Variance is done using the results from signal to noise ratio computations for identifying the influence of controllable factors involved. The analysis from ANOVA indicates that spindle speed and feed rate play significant roles in determining the surface quality of the machined component. Test results reveal that the developed model can be used successfully for machinability data selection.
An examination and characterization study of the aluminum alloy Duralumin (AA2014)
Authors: Sreenivasa Rao M , Nayeem Shaik , Sasi Kiran N V S G , Gowthami K , Krishnaraj J
Published: October 2024

Duralumin, an aluminum alloy with strength and low size, was developed by German metallurgist Alfred Wilms in 1910. It is easy to work with, relatively soft, and ductile under normal circumstances. The alloy can be rolled, forged, and extruded to produce a wide range of products. Compared to aluminum, duralumin has a greater tensile strength, but it is less resistant to oxidation. Compared to pure aluminum, duralumin has a lower electrical conductivity and a higher thermal conductivity than steel. Initially used in stiff airship frames, its composition and heat-treatment procedures were maintained a military secret during the conflict. Duralumin can be cast, created, and manipulated with ease because of its low melting point. After annealing at temperatures ranging from 350 to 380 °C (662 to 716 °F), it is air-cooled. Now that the alloy has changed into a plastic, it is simple to deal with and shape into the appropriate portions. After that, the alloy is heated to 490 to 510°C (914 to 950°F) in order to increase its tensile qualities. After that, the duralumin is toughened by quenching. Three input factors, namely orientations (0,45,90 degrees) of the direction of rolling, strain rates (0.1,0.01,0.001), and temperatures (200,250,300), will be examined in relation to Duralumin AA2014. Yield strength, percentage of elongation, and the final strength of the samples were determined utilizing the Taguchi optimization technique, and plots of various variables were created utilizing Excel sheets in accordance with the positions of the points on the stress-strain plot. Specimen that have been post-tensiled will be SEM-examined and associated with elongation. Tensile lines will be used to analyze the work hardness and flow characteristics. The microstructural characteristics of the alloy will be used to explain the anisotropy in circulation as well as hardened behavior. The microstructures and post tensile will be examined using the optical and scanning microscopes. The X-ray deflection method will be employed to verify the crystal structure present in the cracked surfaces. Lastly, a correlation between the flow, work hardening behavior, and tensile properties of microstructures will be attempted to be established.
Design and Analysis of CVT Cooling System
Authors: Parswajinan C. , Rajesh S. , Vijaya Ramnath B. , Vasundharadevi D. , Harish Shravan V. , Santhosh Krishna N. BA.
Published: October 2024

Continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a form of automatic gearbox that has the ability to attain infinite gear ratios. They are used in a variety of automobiles, including scooters, Baja vehicles, and ATVs. The engine’s power is transmitted from the primary to the secondary CVT using a belt and pulley system. By adjusting the diameter of the belt over the pulleys, the notion of infinite gear ratios can be achieved. When the vehicle accelerates and during clutch slippage, a large quantity of heat is created in CVT components, resulting in a shorter component service life. As a result, cooling the CVT is required. Depending on the CVT’s speed, the surface temperature can vary from 80°C to 120°C, according to studies. The primary goal of this study is to use a layer of nitrile rubber in the casing to insulate heat from the engine, utilise engine exhaust backpressure to evacuate hot air from a duct on the CVT casing, and use other forced cooling techniques like air cooling through ducts in the CVT casing. A venturi inside a Y-tube design allows hot air to be sucked out of the CVT.
Robust switching control of DC-DC converter under dynamic periodic event-triggered mechanism
Authors: Huang Juan , Fang Jin , Fu Meng
Published: October 2024

The stabilization of a DC-DC converter system with a switching control approach based on a dynamic periodic event-triggered mechanism is addressed in this study. The event-triggered mechanism saves communication resources and improves the control performance. Meanwhile, by considering dynamic variables, the event-triggered condition can be changed depending on the actual situation of the system, which improves the stability and robustness of the system. The comparison and analysis of various triggering strategies show that the switching control method of dynamic periodic event-triggered mechanism can ensure system performance well and effectively reduce the communication burden. Finally, an example of a boost converter is presented, which proves the feasibility of the proposed controller.
Optimization of compensation capacitor detection system of inspection train based on fuzzy genetic algorithm
Authors: Cha Muhan
Published: October 2024

To solve the problem that the existing compensation capacitor detection system has an obvious difference between the received signal peak values of the existing railway line and the high-speed railway, an optimization scheme of the inspection train compensation capacitor detection system is proposed based on a fuzzy genetic algorithm. First, based on electromagnetic field theory, the mathematical model of the inspection train compensation capacitor detection system is established and verified. Then, the fitness function of the genetic algorithm is constructed based on the fuzzy decision. Finally, the system optimization scheme is obtained by evolutionary iteration of the genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively increase the received signal peak value of the detection system, take into account the actual demand of compensating capacitance detection of existing railway lines and high-speed railways, and effectively improve the detection ability of the compensation capacitor inspection train.
A new method for diagnosing insulation failures in battery packs based on BiLSTM networks
Authors: Li Yanming , Duan Liyuan , Zhang Sining , Song Keling
Published: October 2024

Power batteries need to meet the high voltage and large capacity requirements of automobiles, especially under high voltage. Their insulation performance requirements are more stringent. The essay first establishes a mold suitable for insulation failure diagnosis basis the second-order Thevenin equivalent model. Then, the BiLSTM network structure is introduced to construct an insulation failure diagnosis model based on BiLSTM. This model enhances the model’s ability to capture data by bidirectional processing of past and future time series of battery pack insulation data. Finally, the proposed method was validated under different operating conditions. The results showed that the error of the method remained at a low level under both static and dynamic conditions, fully demonstrating the effectiveness of the method in improving prediction accuracy and applicability.
Research on verification method of low frequency electromagnetic field emission intensity detection capability for electric vehicles
Authors: Zhang Yunlei , Fan Yan , Zhang Xu , Zhang Guangyu , Guo Chen
Published: October 2024

Laboratory proficiency testing is one of the important technical methods for evaluating laboratory technical capabilities. Through proficiency testing, the quality and ability of laboratory testing can be evaluated, and the overall level of reference laboratory technical capabilities and differences between laboratories can be assessed, promoting the consistency of laboratory testing results. The testing of electromagnetic field emission intensity of electric vehicles in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz is currently conducted entirely in electromagnetic compatibility darkrooms in China. Different suppliers have used different solutions for electromagnetic compatibility darkrooms, resulting in different site characteristics when testing the electromagnetic field emission intensity in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz, which affects the test results. This article mainly proposes a verification method to verify the testing ability of electromagnetic field emission intensity in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz for electric vehicles.
A capacitance-resistance hybrid fault current limiter based on thyristor
Authors: Fu Minyi , Miao Xiren
Published: October 2024

The converter station based on a half-bridge sub-module has poor tolerance to dc short-circuit faults, which puts forward higher requirements for the detection and breaking performance of dc circuit breakers (DCCBs). To this end, this paper proposes a Capacitance-Resistance hybrid fault current limiter (CRHCL) that can be integrated with DCCBs. The proposed CRHCL realizes the fast switching of the current limiting resistor through the thyristor and the pre-charged capacitor. The working principle and parameter configuration principle of CRHCL are described, and the theory and performance verification are carried out in the single-ended equivalent system simulation. The results show that compared with the traditional scheme of DCCB direct breaking, the proposal has a lower breaking current and breaking voltage, which effectively reduces the demand of DCCB for device number and breaking performance.
Improved load forecasting method based on TCN-BiGRU and attention mechanism
Authors: Chen Qishuo , Jiang Chuanwen , Lei Bohan
Published: October 2024

The accurate anticipation of electricity demand in the short term is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of the power grid and optimizing the power system. However, the existing prediction algorithms often suffer from limited accuracy. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel prediction model called TCN-BiGRU-Attention. This model utilizes TCN to extract features from the original load prediction data, processes the long-term correlations in time series data using GRU, and incorporates attention mechanisms to enhance the utilization of global correlation information. Compared to traditional prediction methods, this prediction model has better accuracy
Electrical-endurance prediction of AC contactor based on transformer
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Shuxin , Zhang Junhui
Published: October 2024

AC contactors are used frequently in various low-voltage control lines, so electrical life prediction for them can significantly improve the operational reliability of power control systems. To solve the problems of poor prediction accuracy of a single feature in the life of AC contactors, low stability of prediction models, and inability to achieve continuous prediction of long-term series, a Transformer-based life prediction method for AC contactors is proposed. We utilize the LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) method and the Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC) method to eliminate the unimportant and weakly correlated feature variables. The experimental results show that the remaining electrical life prediction effect of AC contactor based on the Transformer model has better model stability than other recurrent neural networks, and can more effectively and accurately predict the degradation process of AC contactor.