bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Revival Application of Wooden Building with the Properties of Anti-Seismic Energy-Saving and Environment Protection
Authors: Wang Yu Lan
Published: June 2011

Wooden building has a long history in China. In Chinese ancient architectures, such as many palaces, temples, pavilions and ordinary residences were built with wood. However, because of the shortage of forest resources in China, the development of wooden building in China severely lagged behind the other developed countries nowadays. In order to promote the development of wooden structure in China, the advantages of modern wooden building are objectively analyzed from five aspects including seismic behavior, thermal insulation and energy conservation, green environmental protection, comfortable property and construction technology, etc. The problems are occurred in the process of popularization and application of wooden building in China are also described. Base on China’s actual conditions, some instructive suggestions and countermeasures about revival application of wooden building in China are presented. The research can provide theoretical reference to the development of wooden structure in China.
Analysis and Test on Indoor Thermal Environment of Tibetan-Style Dwellings of Different Materials
Authors: Li Li Ping
Published: June 2011

Field tests for indoor thermal environment of Tibetan-style dwellings of different materials in Shangri-La in winter were carried out from the perspective of physical environment of buildings, and more specifically, the indoor temperature of Tibetan-style dwellings with rammed earth walls and brick walls as well as the surface temperature of building envelope were tested and comparatively analyzed. The test results show the current situations and features of indoor temperature changes of Tibetan-style dwellings of different materials, which may provide a basis for improving the thermal environment of Tibetan-style dwellings.
Simulation of a 3-D Concrete Frame Structure Collapse in Considering Impact Action among Blocks
Authors: Hou Jian , Zhou Mi , Yang Zheng
Published: June 2011

A system is developed for simulating the collapse behavior of reinforced concrete frame structures from seismic loading. The purpose for developing this system is that the whole process from elastic-plasticity to collapse is modeled in the analysis. Consequently, the collapse mode, the collapse duration, the distribution of the debris after collapse and other information can be obtained. The numerical analysis is based on the distinct element method. The element shape is assumed to be rectangular solid, which is based on the cross section of the structural members. The elements are connected by dummy springs. The impact action among concrete blocks after the connecting springs fail is taken into account by the impulse models of impact, which are derived from the results of the experiments and the numerical tests. A comparison between a shaking-table test and the analysis is presented, which shows that the results of the simulation are in good agreement with the results of the experiment.
Correction Model of Ship Bridge Collision in Navigable Waterways of Fujian Province
Authors: Su Yan , Shang Guan Ping , Zhuo Wei Dong , Lin Guo Ren , Fang De Ming
Published: June 2011

The AASHTO Correction model is proposed to better adapt the model to the special conditions occurring in Fujian inland waterways. These conditions include ship Type, visibility, and up-down water, navigation systems. The proposed model is related to the probability of ship collision with bridge multi-factor, and further example analysis of this model is also introduced in this paper.
Study on Efficiency Factor of Bearing Capacity of Multi-Element Composite Foundation of Concrete Column and Lime Column
Authors: Wang Xian Zhi
Published: June 2011

Based on the model tests and the results of theoretical research, considered elasto-plasticity of the soil and highly nonlinear behavior of contact with columns and soil, more reasonable numerical model on multi-element composite foundation of concrete column and lime column was built. By changing the design parameters (the diameter of concrete column, the diameter of lime column, the length of lime column, cushion thickness), efficiency factors of bearing capacity of multi-element composite foundation on concrete column and lime column were to play a more systematic study. Some conclusions were drawn in favor of engineering design and theoretical study of multi-element composite foundation of concrete column and lime column.
Longitudinal Vibration Control of Long-Span Railway Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Shan De Shan , He Yuan , Qiao Li
Published: June 2011

As the floating type cable-stayed bridge has no longitudinal constraint between the main girder and the pylon, it may cause the main girder a large longitudinal displacement and the root of tower a large longitudinal bending moment, and affect the normal use and safety of the bridge under the earthquake or the train braking. It is an important part of the design to select an appropriate vibration control scheme. Taking a long-span railway bridge for example, this paper build the finite element model and analyses the damping effect in the view of train braking, moreover, the present study also examines the dynamic behavior with focus on two parameters of damping coefficient C and damping exponent αof the viscous dampers through dynamic time-history analysis. The results show that setting viscous dampers with the reasonable parameters can reduce the vibration and the response of the bridge by train braking and have a good energy dissipation effect.
Research on Deflection and Stress of CRCP under Concentrated Vehicle Load over Hollow Base
Authors: Chen Xiao Bing , Huang Xiao Ming , Tong Jin Hu
Published: June 2011

Based on the small deflection theory of elastic thin plate and the equivalence principle of deflection and stress, the concentrated vehicle load which acts on the CRCP is translated into the equivalent half-wave sine load by Fourier transform. On the basis of this transform, the deflection and stress formulas are put forward when CRCP is subjected to a concentrated vehicle load with hollow foundation. The following results are obtained from the analysis. The maximal deflection is proportional to the concentrated vehicle load and slab width, and inversely proportional to the lateral bending stiffness and slab thickness. The slab width and thickness have a significant influence on the maximal deflection. The maximal stress is proportional to the concentrated vehicle load and slab width as well as inversely proportional to the slab thickness. The influence of slab thickness is significant to the maximal stress. In conclusion, increasing the slab thickness is the preferential choice to reduce the maximal deflection and stress.
Testing Study on Damage Fracture Responses of Rock under Dynamic Impact Loading
Authors: Cao Ping , Wang Yi Xian , Xia Kai Wen
Published: June 2011

The dynamic impact loading has the destructive effect to the surrounding rock mass. Rock specimen such as rock plate was found to become invalid under dynamic impact loading. This paper presents brittle damage evolution law for dynamic impact damage of brittle rock based on low velocity (10m/s~40m/s) impact test, when a source of impact loading is applied to a rock plate specimen, damage cracks are developed from the source to the boundaries. This paper is concerned with the description and explanation of this phenomenon. The test results show that the cracks propagation length and break area are not arbitrary, but are influenced by the angle of dynamic impact loading. According to the test results, the study found that the scope of impact resistance optimization angle is about 30°~45°, and the cuspidal point of impact velocity is about 30m/s~35m/s; The crack length and the break area increase with the increase of the impact loading; When the break area decreases abruptly, the crack length increases suddenly, which shows that there was an obvious incubation period of crack forming, at first some pits appearing on the verge of the rock plate and the propagation rate of crack length and break area decreasing with the impact velocity increasing.
Application of Computer Simulation Technique in Smoke Control System Design
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Si Cheng , Ji Jie
Published: June 2011

The fire simulation technology is widely used with the rapid development of computer technology. Taking a 12-story building for calculation, numerical simulation method is used to analyze the wind speed distribution characteristics of opening stairwell door and lobby door under different air supply volume. Then the appropriate pressurized air supply mode and back pressure coefficient value under natural smoke venting have been recommended. The researches show that computer simulation can be used in smoke control system design to help determine pressurized air supply mode and design parameters, so as to solve difficult problems in engineering design.
Automatic FLAC3D Mesh Generation Based on Advancing-Frontal Method
Authors: Qiu Yu Liang , Hu Xiao Yong , Wang Zhu , Wang Zhang Jun
Published: June 2011

For the disadvantage in modeling at complex areas, advancing-frontal triangulation method was firstly applied in building numerical model of FLAC3D software. Suitable date structure and algorithm based on Fish program language was mainly studied. The position criterion of adjacent edges to current edge is brought in to improve the efficiency of algorithm; equilateral triangle or isosceles triangle mesh is generated to improve elements’ quality; element size is controlled by simple mathematics means so smooth graded triangular mesh is constructed. Through the research, the first independent FLAC3D pre-process is developed successfully, without relying on other modeling software. Application example shows the feasibility of the method.
Research on the Superficial Thermal Insulation Calculation Method of Massive Concrete Structure
Authors: Ren Jin Ke , Li Shou Yi , Zhao Li Juan
Published: June 2011

In this paper, based on the principle of heat balance, the computing equation of temperature field which used the thermal coefficient, surface coefficient, and heat as the basic parameters of the heat conduction equation is derived, and thereafter the FEM computation procedure about temperature field named RCTS which used the thermal diffusivity as basic parameter is modified. The modified procedure can reasonably reflect the temperature field of composite construction which is made of a great variety of material with different thermal property, and also can simulate the effect of surface heat preservation at arbitrary periods and arbitrary parts of the bulk concrete structure. According to the calculation example, the similarities and differences of the heat preservation effect on the heated board calculation by using different methods: the equivalent surface coefficient method, the equivalent thickness method, the thermal conductivity method and the thermal diffusivity method are analyzed. The calculation results show that the computing results of the thermal conductivity method are closed to the result of the equivalent surface coefficient method, the results of the equivalent thickness method have certain differences but not quite because it is the approximation process of the equivalent surface coefficient method, and the reasonable result is often missed by using the thermal diffusivity method.
Theoretical and Numerical Analysis on Membrane Effects of RC Slabs
Authors: Li Chen , Qin Fang
Published: June 2011

When a RC structure is laterally restrained, the load resistance is enhanced due to the membrane effects. A simplified membrane action theory was proposed by modifying the Maximum Membrane Force Design Method (MMFM) to predict the resistance-deflection curves of restrained slab RC structures, in which the total strain plastic theory and strain rate plastic theory were combined and a serial of explicit formulae were derived. A better agreement was observed between the test data and the analytical results predicted by the proposed theoretical method, comparing with MMFM and numerical results conducted by ABAQUS. It is demonstrated that the proposed theory is validated and the steel bar at compressive zone has definite influence on the load carrying capacity, and cannot be neglected in the case of high compressive reinforcement ratio.
A Semi-Analytical Finite Strip for the Analysis of Folded Plates
Authors: Jiang Rui Juan
Published: June 2011

In the conventional semi-analytical finite strip analysis of folded plates, the boundary conditions and the intermediate support conditions must be satisfieda priori. The admissible functions used as the longitudinal part of the displacement functions are sometimes difficult to find, and they are valid for specific conditions only. In this paper, a general semi-analytical finite strip is developed for the analysis of folded plate structures. The geometric constraints of the folded plates, such as the conditions at the end and intermediate supports, are modelled by very stiff translational and rotational springs, as appropriate. The complete Fourier series including the constant term are chosen as the longitudinal approximating functions for each of the displacements. As these displacement functions are more general in nature and independent of one another, they are capable of giving more accurate solutions. The potential problem of ill-conditioned matrices is investigated and the appropriate choice of the very stiff springs is also suggested. The formulation is done in such a way to obtain a unified approach, taking full advantage of the power of modern computers. Numerical examples are presented for comparison with numerical results from published solutions or solutions obtained from the finite element method. The results show that this kind of strips is versatile, efficient and accurate for the analysis of folded plates.
Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Column Using a Beam-Column Element with a Meshed Section
Authors: Zhou Ling Yuan , Li Qiao
Published: June 2011

A efficient 3D reinforced-concrete beam element based on the flexibility method and distributed nonlinearity theory is proposed, The sections of the beam element are divided into the plane isoparametric elements in this formulation, the section stiffness matrices are calculated through the integration of stress-strain relations of concrete including reinforcing steel effect in the section. The flexibility matrices of the sections are calculated by inverting the stiffness matrices, and the element flexibility matrix is formed through the force interpolation functions. The element stiffness matrix is evaluated through the element flexibility matrix. Finally, the buckling behaviors of a reinforced concrete beam under various eccentric loads are analyzed with the proposed formulation to illustrate its accuracy and computational efficiency.
Structural Property Analysis of a Kind of Petri Net Synthesis
Authors: Xia Chuan Liang , Liu Zhen Dong , Sun Peng
Published: June 2011

Petri net synthesis can avoid the state exploration problem by guaranteeing the correctness in the Petri net while incrementally expanding the net. This paper proposes the conditions imposed on a synthesis shared a kind of subnet under which the following structural properties will be preserved: repetitiveness, consistency, structural boundedness, conservativeness, structural liveness, P-invariant and T-invariant.
Preprocessing in Model Counting through Clause and Variable Elimination
Authors: Guo Qin , Wang Ai Lian , Liu Ying
Published: June 2011

Preprocessing model counting instances can reduce their size considerably and decrease the solving time. In this paper we present a preprocessing algorithm Preprocess, which combines many advanced techniques, such as the unit propagation, and the hyper-binary resolution. In particular, it also combines (1) clause elimination by subsumption, and (2) variable elimination by equivalence reasoning. It has proved that these excellent technologies not only reduce the size of the model counting formulae, but also improve the ability of the model counters to solve model counting problems.
An Adaptive Edge Detection Method Based on Canny Operator
Authors: Lang Bai He , Shen Ling Yun , Han Tai Lin , Chen Yu Qun
Published: June 2011

This paper proposes an adaptive Canny operator edge detection algorithm. The proposed method can automatically set the threshold value according to the different image gray-scale gradient histogram adaptively and improve the performance in the detail edge detection and good localization. Experiments show that this method produces better edge detection results performance than the Otsu method. Besides our method, Roberts operator, Prewitt operator, Sobel operator, Log operator and Canny operator based on Otsu algorithm are also tested for comparisons.
Domain-Relied QSOFM and its Application in Deep Web Topic Classification
Authors: Zhang Liang , Lu Yu Liang , Liu Jin Hong
Published: June 2011

To solve the problem of Deep Web data sources topic classification, this paper proposed a quantum self-organization feature mapping network model(DR-QSOFM)with a classification algorithm. DR-QSOFM combines quantum computation and traditional SOFM, and relies the feature vectors and target vectors incoordinately in different phases of training, making a more centralized distribution of winner neurons in competitive layer and more obvious boundaries among clusters. Some experiments are designed and done on the expanded TEL-8 dataset to test the validity of DR-QSOFM.
Fused Image Quality Measure Based on Structural Similarity
Authors: Han Yi Yong , Zhang Jun Ju , Chang Ben Kang , Yuan Yi Hui , Xu Hui
Published: June 2011

Under the assumption that human visual perception is highly adapted for extracting structural information from a scene, we present a new approach using structural similarity index for assessing quality in image fusion. The advantages of our measures are that they do not require a reference image and can be easily computed. Numerous simulations demonstrate that our measures are conform to subjective evaluations and can be able to assess different image fusion methods.
A Home Security Monitoring System Study of Intelligent Building
Authors: Zhang Yuan Yi
Published: June 2011

Aimed at the defects of security monitoring system in intelligent building with complicated design, higher production cost, uneasy to installation, and not suitable for ordinary family, this paper combined with the development needs of intelligent building, and designed a remote network security monitoring system based on Internet, used AT91SAM9260 as the main controller and used embedded technology, Internet technology, video compression/decompression technology and so on. So that users can detect the illegal intrusion and fire hazards at home in real-time, through computers or mobile phones. Then the validity and efficiency of the system was validated via test-experiment. The results show that this system has several merits such as good safety, good generality, simple operation, easy maintenance, low cost and so on. It can meet the needs of security monitoring for an ordinary home.
Sustainable Development of IT Industry in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi Chun , Chang Debby , Huang Chiung En
Published: June 2011

During the last two decades, many approaches to corporate and industrial environmental management as well as tools and sustainability programmes have been created and implemented. Sustainable business is business that is rewarding in economic, social and ecological approach people creating these new ways of doing business [1].
Green Optimization Based on Cellular Automata for Process Planning and Production Operation in Workshop
Authors: Zhao Gang , Zhang Hua , Jiang Zhi Gang , Yan Wei , Wang Yan Hong
Published: June 2011

On the principle of green planning for the industial production, the optimization model oriented to the environmental attributes is discussed and solved by the genetic algorithm improved with the cellular automata based on an artificial life game. The solution of the influencing factors in production offers the optimal operational parameters. To achieve those optimal parameters in actual production, some innovations and integrated technologies are applied in the process planning and multiple productions in workshop. Technical route, new organic methods, application technology and facilities for complex productions are contributed to improve the process planning and physical manufacturing for mass products. A comprehensive assessment system based on resource and environment attributes for production is developed for the process planning and operational optimization for each general product. The case study on the typical product of the valve used in thermal power generation is demonstrated in this paper. An optimistic estimate on the resource and environment impacts is obtained when the green optimization is entirely implemented for the process planning and production operation in the manufacturing workshop.
Evaluation of Pushing and Pulling Force for Substitute Astronaut (SA) at Comfortable Position
Authors: Li Dong Xu , Zhao Yan
Published: June 2011

The push and pull force of Substitute Astronauts (SA) were assessed by analyses with Operation Force Measuring System (OFMS) in laboratory. Experiment comprised 3D dimensional (3D) measurements of hand force during operating in two different modes of manual control when SA grasp the handle of OFMS at comfortable position. 8 selected SA took part in experiments that were required to wear spacesuit. The investigation revealed that the longitudinal force components are often considerable amplified when the handle was pushed and pulled in the horizontal/perpendicular direction. In some cases, it equals to or exceeds the force in the direction of movement. The results demonstrate, when SA push and pull the handle at comfortable position by single hand, the respective sort orders of cumulative peak force in 3D directions are Fx>Fy>Fz(horizontal), Fy>Fz>Fx (vertical), Fz>Fy>Fx (lateral), the highest values of force occurs while pushing and pulling in the longitudinal direction.
Class Hierarchical Structure-Based Text Classification
Authors: Chen Xiao Yun , Chen Jin Hua
Published: June 2011

There is a problem that the difficulty in text classification will increase when the number of classes increases, to which hierarchical structure is a viable solution. Well, a document’s hierarchical structure is usually maintained only by hand, which require substantial manpower to find the correct position of a document in the class hierarchy or to reconstruct the hierarchy. Constructing the hierarchical structure automatically by clustering the training samples can effectively reduce the cost of manual maintenance, and at the same time, it can avoid the conflict between the prior knowledge and the statistical properties of the sample set caused by artificial maintenance of the hierarchy.
Study on Intelligent Extracting Algorithm of Zipper Teeth from Image
Authors: Zhong Ying Chun , Chen Jian Fei , Gao Jun Li
Published: June 2011

An intelligent algorithm is proposed to extract the zipper teeth region image from color origin’s. First, some pixels in the original image are selected arbitarily and their gray level comatrix with different neighbourhood scale are calculated in order to establish the texture feature matrix. Second, the rough k-means is employed to cluster all the arbitarily selected pixels. The arbitarily selected pixels which are located in zipper teeth area would be classified in the same cluster. Then, the convex hull of those pixels located in zipper teeth is calculated in order to extract the regional image. The experiments show that the new proposal not only can be quick and accurate to extract the zipper teeth regional image but can extract different color and styles zipper teeth without setting any parameters by human, which reflects the new algorithm has good adaptability.
Configuration, Classification and Development of Large-Span Annular Tensile Cable-Truss Structures
Authors: Yao Yun Long , Dong Shi Lin , Ma Guang Ying
Published: June 2011

The stuctural characteristics of large-span annular tensile calbe-truss structural system are introduced. Configuration and classification method for large-span annular tensile calbe-truss structural system are studied based on existing projects and researches, and then several new structural forms are put forward. A series of new composite spatial structures composed of the annular tensile canopy structure and other spatial structure are proposed. The study on classification issues should be beneficial to form-selection, design and construction of such structural system.
A Smart Predictive Control Algorithm for Heating Furnace
Authors: Yang Jie , Tang Jian Bin , Xu Zhi Hua
Published: June 2011

A smart predictive control algorithm which can be designed for temperature control is proposed in this paper. The control algorithm is implemented by establishing the model of heating furnaces and calculating its model parameters online. The computational load of this algorithm is very small since the complex matrix computing can be avoided. Experimental results show that the temperature controller using this algorithm has good tracking performance and little overshoot. Moreover, it is better than a fuzzy PID controller.
Assessment of Seismic Capability of an Old Masonry Teaching Building
Authors: Feng Xiao Chen , Li Xiong Yan , Deng Zong Cai
Published: June 2011

In 1960s, considerable teaching buildings were built by old seismic design on Chinese campus. After work more than 40 years, their current seismic capability needs further analysis. This paper assesses the capability of load and elastic deformation[1] of a teaching building, masonry structure, to discuss whether they can meet the higher seismic design requirements of the current codes. The study concentrates on three tasks: analytical investigation; test of compressive strength of bricks; comparatively studies using two PMCAD models with emphasis on ratio of resistance to effect, and data of inter-story displacement angle. The models were studied, namely, initial work phase model basing on seismic precautionary intensity VII and current work phase model basing on seismic precautionary intensity VIII. Results of this study provide preliminary information and recommendations for seismic assessment and strengthening of teaching buildings.
Analysis on Stress of Inner Steels of Isolator with Large Diameter and Low IRHD Rubber under the Condition of Large Horizontal Deformation
Authors: Shen Chao Yong , Zhou Min Hui , Huang Xiang Yun , Ma Yu Hong , Zhuang Xue Zhen , Jin Jian Min
Published: June 2011

One LNR-D1100 isolator at the stage of large horizontal deformation was analysed by FEM program in this paper, which was applied by press-shear load. The maximum S.Mises stress about inner steels of isolator have been researched. The maximum S.Mises stress will occur in the core upload area, with horizontal shear strain increasing. The core upload area will be diminution with horizontal shear deformation increasing, but the maximum S. Mises stress will be larger and larger. When large horizontal deformation of isolator occurs, there is some out-plane deformation at parts of inner steels near the upmost and downbottom of isolator. Vertical pressure will lend inner steels themself to yield when horizontal shear strain of isolator being loaded.When there is 0 MPa vertical pressure on the isolator, no vertical displacement between the top and the bottom of isolator may be helpful for the maximum S.Mises stress value of inner steels of isolator to decrease.
Research on the Base-Isolation Efficiency of Large-Scale Terminal
Authors: Zeng Cong , Tao Zhong , Pan Wen
Published: June 2011

Terminal No. A of Kunming International Airport (TA) is a complex steel-concrete hybrid structure. The airport is located in Kunming, China; the seismic fortification intensity is 8 degree. After multi-analysis, base-isolation technique is applied to the structure, and the terminal will be the biggest base-isolated monomer building in the world after its accomplishment. By using ANSYS, the structural FEM model, which is mainly composed of linear beams elements, linear shells elements and nonlinear isolator elements, was established. Demonstration of isolation schemes and influence of isolator’s layout to the isolation efficiency were firstly introduced. And the selection processes of earthquake waves were introduced. Finally, the elastic time history analysis was carried out to study the seismic performance and isolation efficiency of the structure under the frequently and rarely occurred earthquakes. The results showed that not only the expected shock-absorption goal of ‘reduce 1 degree’under frequently occurred earthquakes is achieved, but also the maximal shear displacement of isolation layer under rarely occurred earthquakes can meet the Chinese code requirements. It is concluded that the design of isolation layer is appropriate; the isolation efficiency of the structure after applying base-isolation technique can meet the challenge.
Analysis of Fire Response of a Spacial Pre-Stressed Steel Structure Subjected to Fire Load
Authors: Wang Xin Tang , Xie Zhi Guo , Zhou Ming , Yu Fen Bo
Published: June 2011

The numerical model for analysis of fire behavior of the spatial pre-stressed steel structure is established based on the software Marc. Analysis of thermal response and structural response of a suspended pre-stressed steel reticulated lattice shell are computed for the key nodes of the structure. For comparison, the air temperatures near the key nodes are also calculated based on the practical formula of large space air temperature rise. The different location of fire source is considered for analysis of response temperature, displacements and stresses of the nodes of the pre-stressed lattice shell. It is shown that the air temperatures obtained from the practical formula was always higher than the response temperatures of the nodes of the lattice shell during a quite long time after a fire takes place. The results show that the displacement of the node near the center of the gymnasium in fire is close to that of the node right above the inner cable, and the displacement of the node right above the outer cable is much less than the result of the center node.
Considering the Effect of Infilled Wall in Frame Structure Based on Reinhorn-Valle Damage Model on Earthquake Damage Analysis
Authors: Chen Jun Lin , Wang Ze Yun , Ren Jiang , Zhang Li
Published: June 2011

Infilled wall is usually used to separate the housing space and it has greatly affected the structural dynamic characteristics. Considering the infilled wall and the frame structure working together, the structure's response under the earthquake is simulated. In this paper, taking the stiffness, strength degradation and pinching effect of structural elements together into account, the authors adopt Reinhorn-Valle damage model to conduct earthquake damage analysis. The result shows that the infilled wall can mitigate earthquake’s damage of main structural component effectively.
Seismic Damage Detection Using Pushover Analysis
Authors: Vafaei Mohammadreza , bin Adnan Azlan , Yadollahi Mohammadreza
Published: June 2011

Inter-story drift ratio is a general damage index which is being used to detect damaged stories after severe ground motions. Since this general damage index cannot detect damaged elements also the severity of imposed damages on elements, a new real-time seismic damage detection method base on artificial neural networks was proposed to overcome this issue. This approach considers nonlinear behaviour of structures and not only is capable of detecting damaged elements but also can address the severity of imposed damages. Proposed algorithm was applied on a 3-story concrete building .The obtained results confirmed accuracy and robustness of this method.
Effects of Base Isolation on Multi-Layer and High-Level Framework
Authors: Liu Hai Qing , Guo Xiao , Wang Hao
Published: June 2011

This paper expounded the basic principle of the base-isolated structures. Established the equations of motion of single particle and multi-particle base isolation structural system. Adopted multi-layer and high-level framework groups, added laminated rubber bearings in the bottom respectively, input EL Centro seismic waves, and then the modal, time-history, base shear are compared and analyzed. By comparing the results obtained: base-isolated structure used in high-rise building can decrease a certain degree of the seismic response, in the multi-layer building the effect was more apparent. It also confirmed that the application of base isolation on multi-layer and high-level framework in the existing conditions still had some limitations.
Investigation and Statistical Analysis on Fire Loads of Large-Scale Wholesale Commercial Building
Authors: Bao Yan Qing
Published: June 2011

There are lots of various goods in large-scale wholesale market, and all these goods were stacked together. Huge fire loads were formed and there is a great fire risk in this kind of architecture. Through investigation in a large-scale wholesale commercial building in Xi'an, some data such as fire load, fuel types, room size were collected .All these data were analyzed and the types of fuel composition in different kinds of shop were comprehended. The research will contribute to management of fire prevention in wholesale market.
A Study on Temperature Distribution of Surrounding Rock and Mechanical Characteristics of Lining of Monglian Tunnel under High Geothermal
Authors: Liang Bo , Zhao Ning Yu
Published: June 2011

To solve design and construction problems of Monglian tunnel under high geothermal, based on the change rules of thermal parameters of surrounding rock and lining during excavation period, this paper analyzed the temperature distribution, heat transfer in tunnel and interaction between lining and surrounding rock, then by using numerical simulation, the relationship between temperature field and mechanical characteristics of lining and surrounding rock was discussed. Finally, the methods of using blast furnace cement, utilizing wet spraying concrete construction technology, and making surrounding rock exposure time as short as possible to reduce damages high temperature caused was proposed. The result can provide experience in similar tunnel design and construction.
Analysis of Seismic Appraisal Evaluation of Existing RC Frame Structure Used for Primary and Secondary Schools in Kunming
Authors: Liu Zhong Wei , Bai Yu , Xiong Xiang Hui , Li Jun Ting
Published: June 2011

Based on the appraisal reports of primary and secondary school in Kunming and the statistical analysis of RC frame structure buildings, evaluation of earthquake resistance capacity was given. Problems affecting functions of the RC frame structure were analyzed to facilitate the reconstruction and fetrofit of this sort of RC frame structure.
Seismic Capacity Evaluation of Masonry Structures of Primary School Buildings
Authors: Cao Bo , Bai Yu , Pan Wen , Yang Jian Rong
Published: June 2011

Taking primary and secondary school buildings of Kunming seismic capacity evaluation results as the research object, both for the identification of the masonry structure building appraisal result of statistical analysis, the assessment that is seismic resistance condition of such housing is given in this paper. Through analyzing and summarizing the structure performance problems of the buildings, the evaluation and reinforcement work for this type of structure can be provided in the future.
Analysis of Urban Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Authors: Bao Yan Qing
Published: June 2011

In recent years, lots of urban disasters have happened in China. All these disasters caused damage to economic growth and tremendous effect on people's lives. This paper aims to search for effective methods of urban disaster prevention and mitigation. Through investigation and induction, the paper summarized definition of urban disaster and destructions to city. Finally, the paper put forward some suggestions to disaster prevention and mitigation. The research will contribute to disaster prevention and mitigation in city, and it is conducive to establishment of comprehensive disaster prevention system.
Synthesis of Magnetic TiO2 Particles for a Recoverable Application on Water Treatment
Authors: Shen Chih Hsiu , Chang Yu Jie , Lo Shang Lien
Published: June 2011

The magnetic photocatalysts (MPCs) can provide both a high specific surface area and an alternative for recovering used catalyst from treated water by the application of a magnetic field. In this study, the Fe3O4particles were synthesized by co-precipitation under alkaline condition. After annealing, the suspension of magnetite particles can be separated by magnet. The magnetite particles were dried and then mixed with TTIP (titanium tetraisopropoxide) for sol-gel method. The MPCs were then achieved after dried and calcined in 300°C. The MPCs synthesized in this study can be separated from treated water by a simple magnet. The photocatalytic abilities of synthesized MPCs were evaluated by measuring the residual methylene blue (MB) amounts after irradiation under a light intensity of 1.0 mW/cm2at 365 nm. The results showed that the synthesized MPCs had good crystallinity of anatase and magnetite. The MPCs can be separated by a simple magnet and did not reduce the photocatalytic abilities significantly. With the advantages of reusability, durability, and separability the synthesized MPCs in this study appear a good alternative for water treatment and widely other potential applications. A MPC with an optimal Fe/Ti ratio and smaller particle size is expected to perform a more practical alternative on water treatment in the future.
Investigating Member Length Imperfection Behavior of Curved Scissor-Type Structures
Authors: Ghasemi Mohammad Reza , Abbasi Hamid
Published: June 2011

Deployable Structures are generally those space structures being capable of turning from a folded and compact configuration into a predefined deployed configuration. These structures bear the loading in a deployed configuration. Scissor-type structures are one of the most complicated deployable structures, being stress-free in both deployed and folded configuration, but stresses could increase when explored deployment and perform a highly nonlinear behavior. There are mostly some defects and imperfections observed in fabricating such members and assembling the whole structure compared to the ideal model. The existence of these defects and geometric imperfections could influence the total or partial behavior of the structure. These imperfections could highly affect the structural deployability, the required force for deployment procedure and load bearing capacity of the deployed configuration. In the present study, the effect of member’s length imperfection due to inner, outer and a hybrid configuration of scissor-link Elements on the behavior of curved scissor-type structure are investigated.
Influence of pH, Ionic Strength and Temperatureon Adsorption of Lead, Copper and Zinc in Natural Soil
Authors: Zhang Feng Jie , Ou Xiao Xia , Ran Chun Qiu , Wu Yun Na
Published: June 2011

Sorption of Pb, Zn, Cu by natural soils was investigated under conditions of variable pH, ionic strength and temperature. The results obtained from adsorption isotherm indicated that these data can be better fitted with the Freundlich equation than with the Langmuir equation in terms of regression coefficients. The parameters in the adsorption process were influenced greatly by solution pH and ionic strength. The Freundlich parameter KF increased with increasing pH and decreasing ionic strength, but the Freundlich parameter n changed adversely. Thermodynamic parameters of the process were calculated from sorption studies performed at different temperatures, and enthalpy changes (△H°) and entropy changes (△S°) of adsorption were found as -20.70 kJ/mol and 34.76 J/mol.K for Pb(II), -7.762 kJ/mol and 1.139 J/mol.K for Cu(II), -20.60 kJ/mol and 51.93 J/mol.K for Zn(II) respectively, showing that adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ on natural soil were exothermic and spontaneous at 5-45°C.
Investigations into Synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Waghe Uday Prakashchandra , Raut Sanjay Padmakar
Published: June 2011

Fibre is a small piece of reinforcing material described by a numerical parameter, called aspect ratio which is the ratio of its length to its equivalent diameter (l/d). In the Biblical period Romans introduced the concept of “Fibres” in the building material by using the “HORSE HAIR” as the fibrous material and since then the use of fibres was incorporated. Recently, however, the development of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) in various fields has provided a technical basis for improving the deficiencies in mortar and concretes. At hydration stage, water tends to escape through various routes and cracks develop on the surface. These leads to water penetration resulting in dampness and need repainting of walls and other repair. The aim of the present experimental investigation is to study the effect of addition of synthetic fibres on the ultimate strength and behavior of the concrete and mortar. The fibre content (by volume) is the main parameter considered in the study. A combination of a low ratio of conventional fibre reinforcement together with synthetic fibers may provide a practical solution, increasing the strength of the beams without causing congestion of the reinforcement. Fibres in the concrete act as crack arresters and considerably enhance the ductility. In the investigation a total of 240 full-scale specimens with and without fibre contents were casted, and tested to failure under symmetrically applied loads. The fibres volume Vf is vary from 0% to 1.5%. As the test was in progress, the development and propagation of cracks, the load at first crack and the mode of failure was noted. The results were compared to control sample and the viability of adding synthetic fibre to concrete and mortar was verified.
Stochastic Evolutionary Game Dynamics of Resource Allocation in Finite Grid Population
Authors: Zhang Xiao Qing , Li Chun Lin , Qian Qiong Fen
Published: June 2011

Aiming at addressing the problem of optimal allocation of grid resource, a stochastic dynamics model is proposed to research evolutionary game of resource allocation in finite grid population in this paper. The focal point of this model is using a Moran process with frequency dependent selection to find the condition for selection favoring the invasion index and fixation index of gird user’s strategy during the repeated game. Then, according to the characteristics of economic grid, we establish a fixed utility matrix of grid users to quantify the strategy selection dynamics. The numerical experiments show that the strategy of individuals will develop towards different directions under different grid population size for maximizing its own utility.
Microbial Community Analysis on Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic Process by Using PCR-DGGE Assay
Authors: Wang Jian Fang , Zhao Qing Liang
Published: June 2011

In situ sludge reduction of the oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process was investigated in this study and microbial community diversity in the system was analyzed by using a PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach. Comparing to the conventional activated sludge method, the production of excessive sludge in the OSA process was shown to be efficiently reduced by 44-50 % and the organic loading rate was observed to have a slight impact on sludge yield. As demonstrated by the slight variation of Shannon diversity indices (SDI), the dominant microbial composition remained stable in the OSA sludge with the increase ofNs. About 63% of clones represented by predominant bands in the DGGE pattern were affiliated with the subclass ofb-proteobacteria. A number of bacteria in the OSA process were phylogenetically related to uncultured bacteria isolated from enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) sludge.
Optimum Condition for 2, 6-DNT –Microbe Degrading Using Uniform Design
Authors: Ji Yu Bin , Xu Chang Ru , Ji Chen Feng , Lang Lang
Published: June 2011

The GC-ECD was used in this study. The optimization of preparation was performed by U9(94)uniform design method, With the rate of 2,6-DNT -degrading result as investigative indexes, the influences of ratio the concentration of substrate and PH, The speed of shaker and Temperature .the result were screened by Uniform Design to found the optimum condition of degrading . Result the optimum condition for 2, 6-DNT -degrading as following: The concentration of substrate is 135mg/L, pH=7.3, Temperature is 29°C, speed of shaker is 129 rpm/min. The result show: It is scientific and feasible to screen the experimental condition of for 2，6-DNT - degrading by using the uniform design and regression.
Application of Discriminant Analysis Techniques to Determine Soil Fertility Grades
Authors: Fan Bing Chen
Published: June 2011

By a method of discriminate analysis, the content of organic matter, alkali hydrolyzadle nitrogen, rapidly available phosphate, rapidly available potassium were used as the identification factors, and soil nutrient data and grain output were analysed. The results of the analysis has indicated that discriminate analysis can determine grades of the soil fertility. The fitting rate was over 80% , and that accuracy of forecast was right. This new method may be tried for determining grades of the soil fertility.
Supplier Involved Collaborative Project Management in Complex Product Development
Authors: Zhao C. L. , Ming X. G , Wang X. H.
Published: June 2011

In Complex Product Development (CPD) project, enterprises gather suppliers distributed in time, space under the thought of lean product development. However, increasing number of globally distributed project teams bring with great challenges for virtual projects to arrive at high levels of collaboration. This paper presents a Collaborative Project Management (CPM) framework that aims at improving suppliers’ integration in the process of project management by enhancing collaboration among a multi-tier supplier network. Related concepts, implementation steps and supporting tools in this framework are introduced. Finally, a prototype system was developed to provide enterprise an interface to collaborate with supplier network.
Discussion of Factors Affecting Tree Root Water Absorption in Expansive Soil and their Implications in Numerical Models
Authors: Zhou Yi Yi , Li Jie , Ren Gang , Shi Xiao Shuang
Published: June 2011

Tree-root drying can reduce the water content of a soil in a significant manner and cause foundation settlement in expansive soil. Distortions of lightly loaded structures caused by tree root absorption are often observed in areas of expansive soil. Interest in numerical modeling of the influence of trees on soil shrinkage settlements has intensified recently. Nevertheless, no prescriptive method is given to describe the parameters and conditions in a tree-root-soil-water interaction model. In this paper, a general description of the factors involved in a tree root-absorption model is discussed. The estimation of transpiration, rainfall, evaporation and root distribution is provided. Flow equation and constitutive equation are also explored to describe the soil water interactions.
Preparation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Sandwich Hollow Columns and their Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wen Ying Wen
Published: June 2011

A new type of composite sandwich hollow column is prepared through using glass fiber and paulownia wood by the way of vacuum infusion resin method for the first time. The structure of the column is cylindrical sandwich shell. After preparation of columns, mechanical properties under axial compression of the composite column are also studied. The results show that increasing the core material thickness or the surface material thickness can improve the load-carrying capacity of the composite column under axial compression. The characteristics of the column are low-price, cost-effectiveness, fast preparation, product stability, lightweight, high strength and corrosion- resistance, so it can be widely used as a building’s column, a supporting column of coalmine’s roadway, and a part of retaining structure of deep excavation.