bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and optimization of a sublingual tablet formulation for physostigmine salicylate
Authors: Bolourchian Noushin , Hadidi Naghmeh , Foroutan Seyed , Shafaghi Bijan
Published: October 2009

Development and optimization of a sublingual tablet formulation for physostigmine salicylate

This study is aimed to design and optimize a sublingual tablet formulation of physostigmine salicylate, an effective drug in Alzheimer's disease and nerve gas poisoning, by means of the D-optimal experimental design methodology. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lactose, starch 1500 and sodium starch glycolate were used in the formulations as independent variables. Tablets were prepared by the direct compression method and evaluated for their physical properties (tablet hardness, disintegration time and friability), which were regarded as responses in a D-optimal design. Due to the significance of the special cubic model for data fitted, compared to other models, it was used to examine the obtained results. Response surface plots were plotted to study the tablet properties and the optimized overlay plot was generated based on the results and targets considered for the responses. After verification of the optimum checkpoint formulations, an optimized formulation was chosen due to its desirable physical properties and closely observed and predicted values. Drug assay, content uniformity of the dosage unit, drug dissolution and accelerated stability studies were done on the optimum formulation as further experiments. All the obtained results complied with the requirements of a sublingual tablet formulation.
Sterodin®, a novel immunostimulating drug: Some toxicological and pharmacological evaluations in vivo, and drug-lipid interaction studies in vitro
Authors: Ray Sarbani , Roy Partha , Ray Supratim
Published: October 2009

Sterodin®, a novel immunostimulating drug: Some toxicological and pharmacological evaluations in vivo, and drug-lipid interaction studies in vitro

Sterodin® is a novel non-specific immunostimulating drug produced by a combination of bile lipids and bacterial metabolites. In the present study, we investigated some of its (i) toxicological and (ii) pharmacological properties in vivo, and (iii) drug-lipid interaction (lipid peroxidation) in vitro. We also evaluated the possible (iv) Sterodin®-induced lipid peroxidation as well as the effect of ascorbic acid on this peroxidation. We found LD50 of Sterodin® to be 31.50 mL kg-1 body mass. In male albino mice, Sterodin® increased the total white blood cells and neutrophils count by 59 and 26%, respectively, on the 6th day, compared to day 0 after injection and stimulated phagocytic activity in vivo. We used goat liver as lipid source in drug-lipid interaction studies in vitro. Our experiments show that Sterodin® induces lipid peroxidation, which was prevented by ascorbic acid.
One-pot synthesis of (S)-2-(6-methoxynaphtalen-2-yl)propanoic acid, (S)-Naproxen using Preyssler and Keggin-type heteropolyacids as green and reusable catalysts
Authors: Gharib Ali , Daneshtalab Mohsen , Scheeren J. , Bamoharram Fatemeh , Roshani Mina , Jahangir Manouchehr
Published: October 2009

One-pot synthesis of (S)-2-(6-methoxynaphtalen-2-yl)propanoic acid, (S)-Naproxen using Preyssler and Keggin-type heteropolyacids as green and reusable catalysts

A simple, clean and environmentally benign route to the enantioselective synthesis of (S)-2-(6-methoxynaphtalen-2-yl)propanoic acid, (S)-Naproxen 3 is described by using Preyssler heteropolyacid, H14[NaP5W30O110], as a green and reusable catalyst in water and in the presence of 1-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propan-1-one 1, D-mannitol 2. The products were obtained in very good yields.
Morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide 12 (PA12)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blends
Authors: Ratajska Aleksandra , Kulak Wojciech , Poeppel Artur , Seyler Andreas , Roslaniec Zbigniew
Published: October 2009

Morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide 12 (PA12)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blends

The morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of polyamide 12 (PA12)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blends were investigated. These polymers are engineering, semi-crystalline polymers which are reciprocally immiscible. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the polymeric materials. Mechanical properties were examined by static tensile test. The investigations demonstrate that blends with higher amount of PVDF, with the morphology of two co-continuous semicristalline phases, exhibit better mechanical properties. The blends with small content of PVDF and prepared by extrusion show the morphology of small separated domains of PVDF and full continuous PA phase. The morphology of these blends is different than the blends prepared by internal mixer and have better mechanical properties too. Thus they can be used in particular applications without a compatibilizing agent.
Crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of 4-acetaminopyridine and its protonated form
Authors: Koleva Bojidarka , Nikolova Rositsa , Tchapkanov Atanas , Kolev Tsonko , Mayer-Figge Heike , Spiteller Michael , Sheldrick William
Published: October 2009

Crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of 4-acetaminopyridine and its protonated form

4-Acetaminopyridine dihydrate and its protonated form, stabilized as the hydrochloride salt have been synthesized and spectroscopic elucidated in solution and in the solid-state by means of the inear-polarized solid state IR-spectroscopy (IR-LD), UV-spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, and the positive and negative ESI MS. Quantum chemical calculations were used to obtain the electronic structure, vibrational data and the electronic spectra. The spectroscopic and theoretical data are compared with the structure of the first compound obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The effect of Npy protonation on the optical and magnetic properties of a 4-acetaminopyridine is discussed.
The Use of Risk Factors Proposed by Developmental Pathways of Antisocial Behaviour in Predicting Program Drop-out
Authors: Rachitskiy Marina , Serin Ralph , Viki G. Tendayi
Published: October 2009

This archival study investigated the use of risk factors proposed by certain theories of developmental pathways of antisocial behaviour, namely those of Moffitt (1993) and Loeber (1985) , in predicting program drop-out at a treatment facility for youths exhibiting serious behavioural difficulties (Robert/Smart Centre). The study evaluated 113 youths admitted to the RSC on their infractions during treatment and seven risk factors proposed by the two developmental theories. Analyses indicated that youth who failed to complete the RSC prescribed intervention programs exhibited a wider variety of infractions during treatment. Both variety of infractions and program drop-out were significantly predicted by the developmental risk factors. Specifically, infractions, early overt behaviour, current covert behaviour, and cognitive/learning difficulties were the best predictors of program drop-out. Mediation analyses revealed a direct relationship only between program drop-out and current covert behaviour. Interestingly, mediation analyses revealed that variety of infractions suppressed the relationship between program drop-out and cognitive/learning difficulties. The implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.
The Molecular basis of Lactose Intolerance
Authors: Campbell Anthony K. , Waud Jonathan P. , Matthews Stephanie B.
Published: October 2009

A staggering 4000 million people cannot digest lactose, the sugar in milk, properly. All mammals, apart from white Northern Europeans and few tribes in Africa and Asia, lose most of their lactase, the enzyme that cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose, after weaning. Lactose intolerance causes gut and a range of systemic symptoms, though the threshold to lactose varies considerably between ethnic groups and individuals within a group. The molecular basis of inherited hypolactasia has yet to be identified, though two polymorphisms in the introns of a helicase upstream from the lactase gene correlate closely with hypolactasia, and thus lactose intolerance. The symptoms of lactose intolerance are caused by gases and toxins produced by anaerobic bacteria in the large intestine. Bacterial toxins may play a key role in several other diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and some cancers. The problem of lactose intolerance has been exacerbated because of the addition of products containing lactose to various foods and drinks without being on the label. Lactose intolerance fits exactly the illness that Charles Darwin suffered from for over 40 years, and yet was never diagnosed. Darwin missed something else–the key to our own evolution–the Rubicon some 300 million years ago that produced lactose and lactase in sufficient amounts to be susceptible to natural selection.
Glacier velocities across the central Karakoram
Authors: Copland Luke , Pope Sierra , Bishop Michael P. , Shroder, John F. , Clendon Penelope , Bush Andrew , Kamp Ulrich , Bae Seong Yeong , Owen Lewis A.
Published: October 2009

Optical matching of ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) satellite image pairs is used to determine the surface velocities of major glaciers across the central Karakoram. The ASTER images were acquired in 2006 and 2007, and cover a 60×120km region over Baltoro glacier, Pakistan, and areas to the north and west. The surface velocities were compared with differential global position system (GPS) data collected on Baltoro glacier in summer 2005. The ASTER measurements reveal fine details about ice dynamics in this region. For example, glaciers are found to be active over their termini even where they are very heavily debris-covered. The characteristics of several surge-type glaciers were measured, with terminus advances of several hundred meters per year and the displacement of trunk glaciers as surge glaciers pushed into them. This study is the first synthesis of glacier velocities across this region, and provides a baseline against which both past and future changes can be compared.
Stick–slip behavior of ice streams: modeling investigations
Authors: Sergienko Olga V. , MacAyeal Douglas R. , Bindschadler Robert A.
Published: October 2009

A puzzling phenomenon of ice-stream flow is the stick–slip motion displayed by Whillans Ice Stream (WIS), West Antarctica. In this study we test the hypothesis that the WIS stick–slip motion has features similar to those of other known stick–slip systems, and thus might be of the same origin. To do so, we adapt a simple mechanical model widely used in seismology to study classic stick–slip behavior observed in tectonic faults, in which the difference between static and dynamic friction allows for the generation and spatial propagation of abrupt slip events. We show how spatial variability in friction properties, as well as a periodic forcing intended to mimic the effect of tides, can reproduce the observed duration and periodicity of stick–slip motion in an ice stream. An intriguing aspect of the association of WIS with mechanical stick–slip oscillators is that the onset of stick–slip cycling from a condition of permanent slip appears to be associated with the reduction in overall speed of WIS. If this association is true, then stick–slip behavior of WIS is a transitional phase of behavior associated with the ice stream's recent deceleration.
Full Stokes modeling of marine ice sheets: influence of the grid size
Authors: Durand Gaël , Gagliardini Olivier , Zwinger Thomas , Meur Emmanuel Le , Hindmarsh Richard C.A.
Published: October 2009

Using the finite-element code Elmer, we show that the full Stokes modeling of the ice-sheet/ice-shelf transition we propose can give consistent predictions of grounding-line migration. Like other marine ice-sheet models our approach is highly sensitive to the chosen mesh resolution. However, with a grid size down to <5 km in the vicinity of the grounding line, predictions start to be robust because: (1) whatever the grid size (<5 km) the steady-state grounding-line position is sensibly the same (6 km standard deviation), and (2) with a grid-size refinement in the vicinity of the grounding line (200 m), the steady-state solution is independent of the applied perturbation in fluidity, provided this perturbation remains monotonic.
‘To Lend a Voice to Suffering is a Condition for All Truth’: Adorno and International Political Thought
Authors: Schick Kate
Published: October 2009

This paper explores the ways in which a fuller attention to suffering in the tradition of the early Frankfurt School might valuably inform international political thought. Recent poststructural writing argues that trauma is silenced to prevent it disrupting narratives of order and progress and instead advocates a continual ‘encircling’ of trauma that refuses incorporation into a broader historical narrative. This paper welcomes this challenge to mainstream international ethics: attention to particular suffering provides an important challenge to the abstraction, instrumentalism and universalism of modernity. However, if we simply mark trauma and refuse to incorporate it into any kind of narrative, we cannot profit from the ways in which suffering can illuminate the structures and ways of thinking that create it. Drawing on Adorno's negative dialectics, the paper argues that a dialectical understanding of the relationship between universalising order and disrupting particularity can lead from individual suffering towards a political re-engagement with the universal.
ECM-Based Materials in Cardiovascular Applications: Inherent Healing Potential and Augmentation of Native Regenerative Processes
Authors: Piterina Anna V. , Cloonan Aidan J. , Meaney Claire L. , Davis Laura M. , Callanan Anthony , Walsh Michael T. , McGloughlin Tim M.
Published: October 2009

The in vivo healing process of vascular grafts involves the interaction of many contributing factors. The ability of vascular grafts to provide an environment which allows successful accomplishment of this process is extremely difficult. Poor endothelisation, inflammation, infection, occlusion, thrombosis, hyperplasia and pseudoaneurysms are common issues with synthetic grafts in vivo. Advanced materials composed of decellularised extracellular matrices (ECM) have been shown to promote the healing process via modulation of the host immune response, resistance to bacterial infections, allowing re-innervation and reestablishing homeostasis in the healing region. The physiological balance within the newly developed vascular tissue is maintained via the recreation of correct biorheology and mechanotransduction factors including host immune response, infection control, homing and the attraction of progenitor cells and infiltration by host tissue. Here, we review the progress in this tissue engineering approach, the enhancement potential of ECM materials and future prospects to reach the clinical environment.
Effect of Peptide-Conjugated Near-Infrared Fluorescent Quantum Dots (NIRF-QDs) on the Invasion and Metastasis of Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line Tca8113 in Vitro
Authors: Yang Kai , Li Zhigang , Cao Yuan , Yu Xiuli , Mei Jie
Published: October 2009

In this study we investigated the effect of near-infrared fluorescent quantum dots (NIRF-QDs, QTracker) on the proliferation, adherence, invasion and chemotaxis of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 in vitro. Cell proliferation and colony formation rate were determined by using a hemocytometer and culture plate. A transwell chamber assay was used to determine the cell invasion, adherence and chemotaxis. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the results of Tca8113 cells labeled with NIRF-QD800 and those of unlabeled Tca8113 cells, suggesting that the proliferation, invasion, adherence and chemotaxis of Tca8113 cells were not affected by NIRF-QD800. These results provide a basis for the further utilization of NIRF-QDs in non-invasive imaging and tracking of tumor cells in vivo.
Application of the Molecular Combing Technique to Starch Granules
Authors: Li Hua , Liu Zhong-Dong , Boxiang Liu , Chen Jian-Hui , Sun You-Ning , Lv Xiao-Ling , Zhang Ze-Sheng , Sun Pin , Zhang Pin , Wang Yang-Li
Published: October 2009

The molecular combing technique was used to dissociate the nanostructural units of starch granules from the starch fragments after a gelatinization process. With the help of atomic force microscopy (AFM), we observed that some nanostructural chains were just flowing out of the granules. It proves that there are substantive nanostructural units in the starch granules, a phenomenon not previously observed, so these nanostructural units were defined as suspected intermediates. Furthermore, we conclude that blocklets of starch granules are formed through twisting or distortion of nanochains.
A Label-Free Electronic Biosensor for Detection of Bone Turnover Markers
Authors: Yun Yeo-Heung , Bhattacharya Amit , Watts Nelson B. , Schulz Mark J.
Published: October 2009

This paper describes the development of a biosensor based on label-free immunosensing for the detection of the C-terminal telopeptide bone turnover marker from type-1 collagen. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of dithiodipropionic acid was deposited on a gold electrode. Then streptavidin and biotinylated anti-human C-terminal telopeptide antibody were successively conjugated on the self-assembled monolayer. Electrochemical impedance measurements were made to characterize each step of the SAM/streptavidin/biotinylated antibody binding. Subsequently, electrochemical impedance was measured with different concentrations of C-teminal telopeptide. A detection limit of 50 ng/mL and a dynamic range up to 3 μg/mL were achieved. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a label-free immunosensor based on electrochemical impedance with DC bias for detection of bone-related degradation and rebuilding products. The electronic biosensor might eventually be used for quantitative point-of-care screening of bone health. It is hoped that analysis of bone turnover markers can indicate the beginning of bone diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis so that treatment might start early when it is most effective.
Pollinators, “mustard oil” volatiles, and fruit production in flowers of the dioecious tree Drypetes natalensis (Putranjivaceae)
Authors: Johnson Steven D. , Griffiths Megan E. , Peter Craig I. , Lawes Michael J.
Published: October 2009

The Putranjivaceae is an enigmatic family, notable for being the only lineage outside the Capparales to possess the glucosinolate biochemical pathway, which forms the basis of an induced chemical defense system against herbivores (the “mustard oil bomb”). We investigated the pollination biology and floral scent chemistry of Drypetes natalensis (Putranjivaceae), a dioecious subcanopy tree with flowers borne on the stem (cauliflory). Flowering male trees were more abundant than female ones and produced about 10‐fold more flowers. Flowers of both sexes produce copious amounts of nectar on disc‐like nectaries accessible to short‐tongued insects. The main flower visitors observed were cetoniid beetles, bees, and vespid wasps. Pollen load analysis indicated that these insects exhibit a high degree of fidelity to D. natalensis flowers. Insects effectively transfer pollen from male to female plants resulting in about 31% of female flowers developing fruits with viable seeds. Cetoniid beetles showed significant orientation toward the scent of D. natalensis flowers in a Y‐maze olfactometer. The scents of male and female flowers are similar in chemical composition and dominated by fatty acid derivatives and isothiocyanates from the glucosinolate pathway. The apparent constitutive emission of isothiocyanates raises interesting new questions about their functional role in flowers.
Avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head in three West African HIV-infected adults with heterozygous sickle cell disease
Authors: Eholié Serge P , Ouiminga Mariama , Ehui Eboi , Nzunetu Gustave , Ouattara Songda I , Konan Alexis V , Anglaret Xavier , Bissagnéné Emmanuel
Published: October 2009

Three men (aged 33, 44 and 45 years, CD4+ T-cell nadir 86 cells/mm3, 99 cells/mm3 and 12 cells/mm3, respectively) were admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases (Treichville Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire) for hip pain and impaired mobility. Their last available CD4+ T-cell counts were 243 cells/mm3, 245 cells/ mm3 and 8 cells/mm3, respectively. They had all received antiretroviral therapy for >4 years, including lopinavir/ritonavir for >8 months. The other risk factors were hypertriglyceridaemia ( n=3), smoking addiction ( n=2), alcohol consumption ( n=2) and lipodystrophy ( n=1). All three patients had heterozygous haemoglobin AS sickle cell disease (percentage of haemoglobin S 41%, 45% and 50%, respectively). The diagnosis of avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head (unilateral n=2 and bilateral n=1) was documented by CT scan. Only one patient underwent surgical arthroplasty. In resource-limited settings, avascular osteonecrosis is uneasy to diagnose and unlikely to be appropriately treated. Physicians should be aware of its symptoms and risk factors, including HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy. Future studies should explore whether these risk factors might include haemoglobin AS sickle cell disease, a common trait in the West African general population.
P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins and human organic anion transporting polypeptide influence the intracellular accumulation of atazanavir
Authors: Janneh Omar , Anwar Tariq , Jungbauer Christof , Kopp Stefan , Khoo Saye H , Back David J , Chiba Peter
Published: October 2009

Background

Drug efflux (for example, P-glycoprotein [P-gp], multidrug resistance-associated proteins [MRPs] and breast cancer resistance protein [BCRP]) and influx (for example, human organic anion transporting polypep-tide [hOCTP] or human organic anion transporting polypeptide [hOATP]) transporters alter the cellular concentrations of some HIV protease inhibitors (HPIs). Here, we studied the lipophilicity and uptake of [3H]-atazanavir (ATV) in CEM (parental), CEMVBL(P-gp-overexpressing), CEME1000(MRP1-overexpressing) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and evaluate the effects of modulators of drug transporters on uptake.

Methods

Lipophilicity was measured by octanol/saline partition method. The influence of influx/efflux transporters on uptake was evaluated in the absence and presence of inhibitors of P-gp (GPV031), P-gp/BCRP (tariquidar and GF120918), P-gp/MRP1 (dipyrida-mole and daidzein), MRP1/2 (frusemide and genistein), hOATP/hOCTP (estrone-3-sulfate [E-3-S]) and hOATP/ hOCTP/MRP (probenecid). The effects of a number of HPIs on uptake were also evaluated. Data from digitonin permeabilized cells allowed the evaluation of the contribution of cellular binding to total drug uptake, whereas the inhibitory effect of ATV on P-gp was assessed by daunomycin efflux/uptake assays.

Results

[3H]-ATV is lipophilic and accumulates in the cultured cells as follows: CEM>CEME1000>CEMVBL. Tariquidar, GF120918 and daidzein significantly increased the uptake of [3H]-ATV in the cultured cells. By contrast, only daidzein and tipranavir significantly increased uptake in PBMCs, with tariquidar and frusemide devoid of effects, whereas dipyridamole, E-3-S, GPV031 and genistein significantly decreased accumulation. ATV inhibits P-gp activity; manipulation of uptake with digitonin suggests binding of [3H]-ATV to P-gp.

Conclusions

[3H]-ATV is lipophilic, a P-gp, MRP and hOATP substrate and an inhibitor of P-gp. Concomitant administration of ATV with drugs and dietary components (for example, daidzein and genistein) that interact with these transporters could alter its pharmacokinetics.
Risk Factors for Development of Coronary Artery Disease in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: GOLDBERG ROBERT J. , UROWITZ MURRAY B. , IBAÑEZ DOMINIQUE , NIKPOUR MANDANA , GLADMAN DAFNA D.
Published: October 2009

Objective.

To ascertain coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes and predictive factors in a prospective study of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and matched healthy controls.

Methods.

SLE patients and non-SLE age-matched controls without a history of CAD were recruited into a prospective study between 1997 and 1999. CAD events were assessed at clinic visit for SLE patients and through telephone interview and chart review for controls. All events were verified with patient medical records.

Results.

Followup information was available on 237 controls and 241 SLE patients. The mean followup time was 7.2 years. Univariate analyses identified age and postmenopausal status as predictors of CAD in both the groups. Sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, the presence of metabolic syndrome, and the number of Framingham risk factors were predictive in the control group only. The 10-year risk of CAD score was predictive in both groups but was not as marked in the SLE group as in the controls. None of the lipid subfractions were predictive for CAD in the SLE group, whereas in the controls, a high triglyceride level ≥ 2.8 was predictive. Time-to-event multivariate analysis for CAD in all subjects revealed SLE itself, older age, and triglycerides ≥ 2.8 to be highly predictive for CAD.

Conclusion.

In a prospective study of patients with SLE and matched controls followed over a median of 8 years, patients with SLE developed significantly more CAD events than controls. Accounting for demographic variability, CAD risk factors, and lipid factors, SLE is an independent risk factor for the development of CAD.
Work Disability in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: ARIZA-ARIZA RAFAEL , HERNÁNDEZ-CRUZ BLANCA , COLLANTES EDUARDO , BATLLE ENRIQUE , FERNÁNDEZ-SUEIRO JOSE L. , GRATACÓS JORDI , JUANOLA XAVIER , LINARES LUÍS F. , MULERO JUAN , ZARCO PEDRO
Published: October 2009

Objective.

To determine the prevalence of work disability in Spanish patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to identify factors related to it.

Methods.

A cross-sectional study based on data from Regisponser (National Spanish Registry of Patients with Spondyloarthropathy). Demographic and disease-related variables were collected. AS patients were classified as work-disabled according to the Spanish Social Security System criteria. Variables that discriminated between AS patients with and those without work disability were identified using chi-square test or unpaired t test when appropriate. Multiple logistic regression was performed.

Results.

In total 699 AS patients, age 48.7 ± SD 12.7 years and with disease duration 14.1 ± 10.1 years, were analyzed; 179 patients (25.6%) had permanent work disability. Several variables had significantly different values in patients with compared to those without work disability. In the regression model (pseudo R2 = 0.26, p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.001), sex (p = 0.04), disease duration (p = 0.006), total Bath AS Radiological Index (p = 0.007), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI; p = 0.007), and chest expansion (p = 0.03) retained an independent association with work disability. When BASFI was excluded from the model the independent association with sex did not remain, and a significant association with finger to floor distance was found (p = 0.040).

Conclusion.

The prevalence of permanent work disability in Spanish patients with AS is significant, and the main factors related to it are age, disease duration, structural damage, and physical functioning. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.
Supporting Nurse Preceptors Through Online Continuing Education
Authors: Zahner Susan J. , Tipple Susan M. , Rather Marsha L. , Schendzielos Christine
Published: October 2009

Background:

A pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using an online continuing education course to increase knowledge and self-efficacy in nurse preceptors who work with student nurses in acute and primary care settings.

Methods:

A one-group pre- and posttest repeated measures design was used. Pre-course knowledge and self-efficacy were assessed with an electronic survey. Post-course knowledge and satisfaction assessments were embedded in the course. Knowledge retention and change in self-efficacy were assessed with an electronic follow-up survey. Analysis used paired sample
t
tests.

Results:

Participants (
N
= 13) reported satisfaction with the course. Participant knowledge increased from pretest to post-course and from pretest to follow-up. Knowledge declined from post-course to follow-up. No change in self-efficacy ratings was observed.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that online continuing education is a feasible strategy to support preceptor learning. Further research on the effectiveness of this approach in changing and retaining knowledge and improving self-efficacy is needed.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(10):468–474.
Creating a Patient Education Tool
Authors: Stonecypher Karen
Published: October 2009

Developing a patient education tool based on low literacy levels, behavioral theories, role modeling, and The Joint Commission's standards was the primary objective of this project. The initial goal was merely to develop a population-appropriate patient education tool. This led to a process whereby significant knowledge was gained by all to enrich overall professional development. An interdisciplinary team developed a low-literacy, self-management book for patients who had suffered a stroke. Team experts were responsible for the development of specific subject matter. Editing addressed the message, readability, typeface and font size, and charts and illustrations. Collaboration with the National Stroke Association guided the didactic pedagogical content presented. A well-known cartoonist who was a U.S. military veteran was willing to work with the team to develop the illustrations.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(10):462–467.
AN ELLIPSOMETRIC STUDY ON THE DENSITY AND FUNCTIONALITY OF ANTIBODY LAYERS IMMOBILIZED BY A RANDOMLY COVALENT METHOD AND A PROTEIN A-ORIENTED METHOD
Authors: Wang Da-Shin , Chang Chia-Chen , Shih Shiue-Ching , Lin Chii-Wann
Published: October 2009

Ellipsometry is used to quantitatively evaluate the antigen-sensing capability of immuno-surfaces. The ellipsometric measurement is a rapid, label-free, and in situ detection; however, quantification of analytes by ellipsometry is not unambiguous. The proper use of the effective thickness as a measure for the amount of analytes is addressed in this article. Taking the effective thickness as the quantification reference, we find that employing protein A to immobilize antibodies makes the antigen capture two to three times higher than the covalent immobilization technique using N-succinimidyl 4-maleimidobutyrate (GMBS). Besides, the results also suggest a uniform orientation of antibodies achieved by protein A. Increasing the density of surface antibodies would improve the sensitivity as well; however, the effect is more crucial for the protein A immuno-surface and appears to be less important for the GMBS immuno-surface. Therefore, the optimal immobilization strategy should include an orientation layer, such as protein A, and maximize the amount of oriented antibodies on the surface to further improve the efficiency for antigen detection.
The Research of Electronical Control System Based on OSEK/VDX
Authors: Pan Yue , Liu Jian Chang
Published: October 2009

The standard of OSEK/VDX which used in the embedded operating system of car was analysized, and based on this, to select the open-source real-time operating system μC/OS-II as a operation system that will be loaded in the control chip. After that the kernel structure of the μC/OS-II was analysized, and modified the kernel of the system in accordance with OSEK/VDX standards, then translated the μC/OS-II system to the LPC2131 development board for the follow-up application development laid the foundation.
The Application of SPC in the Quality Management System of the Working Procedure in the Production Shop
Authors: Wang A Chun , Ji Li , Qu Li Gang , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2009

On the basis of analysing the quality of traditional working procedure in the production shop, this paper proposes the application of SPC into the quality management system of production shop with the combination of manufacturing conditions in current digital production shop. From the view of selecting the quality parameter of critical manufacturing procedure, this paper diagnoses, analyzes and monitors the quality of the data to promote the application of the quality management system in the digital production shop so as to reduce the manufacturing cost and the quality control cost in the manufacturing process.
Design and Realization of Roughness Measurement System Based on DM642
Authors: Zhao Yan Ling , Cui Si Hai , Zhu Liang , Wu Feng Ling
Published: October 2009

For features of large data, complex operation and high transport in the process of measurement surface roughness, In this paper, roughness measurement system based on TMS320DM642 (DM642) as its core was designed, then established architecture of system and function modules is described in details, on this basis using of regression analysis to calibrate the relationship between image measuring roughness and actual values. Finally, this paper develops DSP software development platform.
Research on Measurement of Viscosity Based on Cylinder Rotation
Authors: Wang Hong Bo , Yao Ying Xue , Zhou Yong Zhan
Published: October 2009

Value of viscosity of liquid at an arbitrary velocity is important in many manufacturing processes, method of rotation is used commonly to measure it at a scheduled velocity, but it is not convenient to measure it at an arbitrary velocity. A method based on cylinder rotation is presented in the paper and it is used to measure it at an arbitrary velocity. Derivation of mathematical models is executed and a simulation is carried in Matlab. Results show that the velocity of the cylinder in the liquid attenuates by exponential law and it is in accordance with mathematical models. Error analysis indicates that that the generation of them mainly results from unsuited velocity of cylinder, slippage between the cylinder and the liquid and misalignment between the cylinder and the cup.
A Low Volume Production Process Capability Analysis
Authors: Harris Mark A. , Mynors Diane J. , Wang Chang J.
Published: October 2009

Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Process Capability Indices (PCI) are used extensively within manufacturing and service environments. This paper reports the results of a statistical quality improvement programme when applied to a low volume, high gauge frequency machining process. The resultant capability indices (Cp and Cpk) are calculated from acquired data both before and after process modification, and are discussed in relation to the specific process. Box Cox data transformations are utilised in order to centralise data and the applicability of the capability improvements are determined. Historically SPC and capability analysis are performed on high volume processes with data being gathered on a sample basis. This investigation applies the high volume theory to a low volume 100% data gathering process. The validity of capability analysis of this nature is discussed due to long cycle times and large gauge inspection frequency.
Techniques for Micromachining Using Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans Based on Different Culture Medium
Authors: Yang Yue , Wang Xi Bin , Liu Yu De , Wang Shuo , Wen Wu
Published: October 2009

This paper presents a novel fabrication process for micro metal parts using biologic etching method. The sheet metal parts can be etched by metabolism and biochemical reaction of microorganism. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (T. f.) was employed in the machining process of metal components. By this bio-etching method, several shims with a thickness of 0.1mm and a diameter of only 2mm with a thickness of 0.07 mm and a diameter of 15mm and 16mm were fabricated.
Thermal Stress of Blast Furnace Hearth Linings under Erosion State
Authors: Chen Liang Yu , Li Yu , Gui Jian Hua
Published: October 2009

The structure of cooling stave was simplified with equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient, and the thermal stress axisymmetric calculation model of blast furnace hearth linings under erosion state was established. The thermal stresses of familiar erosion states were analyzed. The thermal stress concentration of erosion part is an importance cause of erosion development. ‘Elephant-foot’ erosion seldom develops to ‘boiler-bottom’ erosion. ‘Boiler-bottom’ erosion is a ideal long life erosion state. When the erosion stabilizes, smaller cooling intensity is favorable to linings stabilization.
Research on Multi-Actuators Speed Control System in Large-Scale Ship
Authors: Wan Hui Xiong , Xia Hong Jie , Huang Hai Bo
Published: October 2009

For multi-actuators speed control system driven by single pump, several effective control methods have been proposed, such as flow feedback control, etc. These methods are effective only to the engineering equipment with fewer actuators. As for large ships with more than ten actuators required for speed control, using traditional control methods will result in that costs much, the structure of the hydraulic system is very complicated, even unable to realize. In order to meet the coordinate action of many actuators, two ways based on throttle control and pressure compensation control are introduced in this paper. The research results based on the theoretical analysis of speed control error and adaptability, simulation research and experimental confirmation indicate that the throttle control method is limited by the number of actuators, load size and the speed error, but the pressure compensation control method is helpful to enhance rationality and the coordination of flow distribution between various actuators.
Dynamics Analysis of Rotor Systems in Large Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Ma Hui , Dai Ji Shuang , Wang Xue Jun , Wen Bang Chun
Published: October 2009

It is important to study system vibration characteristics for improving product quality and insuring safety operation of machine. In this paper, dynamics of rotor systems are studied in a large centrifugal compressor. The models of subsystems, such as coupling and bearing, are established by appropriate simplification. The finite element model of rotors is set up by taking interrelation of these subsystems into account. The unbalance responses and system stability are analyzed for overall unit and single cylinder. The results show that the critical speed and journal amplitude at working speed in the overall unit are greater than those of low pressure cylinder. The conclusion will provide guidance to compressor rotor system design.
Research on a Three-Dimensions Micro-EDM System
Authors: Yang Guo Zhe , Lin Hai Bo
Published: October 2009

In the paper, a micro-EDM prototype was designed, and a preliminary machining experiment was done. The micro-EDM prototype was makeup by three dimensions stage, transistor type isopulse generator with pulse duration of 80ns, and environment maintain system. The machining experiment approved that the prototype in good working order, the stage can reach very high precision, and simple micro-EDM machining was done.
Processing Micro-Gear Based on Bio-Etching Method
Authors: Liu Yu De , Wang Xin Bing , Yang Yue , Shi Wen Tian
Published: October 2009

A bio-etching method using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (T.f.) for processing micro-gear has been developed. The principle of bio-etching method is that certain microorganisms in nature consume some metal ions to be energy during their growth. The strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans consume elemental ferric and cooper ions as its energy source, so T.f. is selected as bio-etching tool, Leathen culture medium is selected as culture medium of T.f., and the thin copper sheet is used as the processed material. During the micro-gear is processed, firstly, thin copper sheet of 0.05mm is cleaned in the acid liquid and some materials such as dirt and grease are cleaned away, then, the anti-erode film is applied to the surface of thin copper sheet, then the surface of thin copper sheet is irradiated by ultraviolet under the condition that the surface is covered by mask film and developed, the anti-erode film that not covered by mask film will be dissolved and cleaned away, after that, thin copper sheet is put into the T.f. liquid and agitating, after the 3h, micro-gear is obtained. The result is showed that micro-gear can be processed by bio-etching method.
Modal Analysis of a Biglide parallel NC Grinder for Helical Drill Point Machines System Based on ANSYS
Authors: Tian Dong Sheng , Zou Ping , Liu Yong Xian , Cai Gong Qi
Published: October 2009

The parallel kinematic machines have broad application prospects in the manufacturing industry. Good dynamic characteristics are needed for the structure, which has direct influence on working efficiency, stability and reliability. ANSYS software analysis of their dynamic characteristics is accurate and easy, and can quickly modify the design fault and reduce design cost. In this paper Pro/Engineer is used to draw the solid model of PKM and assembly each part to constitute a system. At last the whole system is imported into ANSYS. The finite element model is established with the simplified model and element equivalent simulation, and modal analysis is conducted using model vibration theory and finite element theory. After the vibration deformation analysis of whole system, the weak parts, i.e. each bearing joint and the power transmission chains, are identified. The weak parts can then be enforced to improve the dynamic characteristics of the whole system.
Design of Storage Management Information System and Analysis of the Information Flow
Authors: Wang Shi Jie , Sun Hao , Tang Hong , Wang Shi Liang
Published: October 2009

Storage management is the core of the material management. The design rules of storage management system are presented as such that the usability, reliability, progress, openness, data integrality and unity, and security must be ensured. Demand analysis is performed for the storage management system of Huachen Xinguang Engine Plant. The functions and the corresponding subsystems are scheduled. The configurations of data flow in supply management, stored. It took positive effect on raising the productivity.
An Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Assembly Sequence Planning
Authors: Yu Hong , Yu Jia Peng , Zhang Wen Lei
Published: October 2009

Assembly sequence planning (ASP) is the foundation of the assembly planning which plays a key role in the whole product life cycle. Although the ASP problem has been tackled via a variety of optimization techniques, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is scarcely used. This paper presents a PSO algorithm to solve ASP problem. Unlike generic versions of particle swarm optimization, the algorithm redefines the particle's position and velocity, and operation of updating particle positions. In order to overcome the problem of premature convergence, a new study mechanism is adopted. The geometrical constraints, assembly stability and the changing times of assembly directions are used as the criteria for the fitness function. To validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, a 29-component product is tested by this algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the algorithm proposed in this paper is effective for the ASP.
Monitor of Remote Semi-Autonomous Robots in WLAN
Authors: Xu Hong , Zhang Yi , Wang Bin Rui , Chen Xiai , Lv Jun
Published: October 2009

The remote monitoring system of the robot is mainly designed. Data and image are transmitted based on wireless local-area network (WLAN) and wireless CDMA public communication network and the robot is controlled under the corresponding way. In this paper, the collection and processing of image by DSP, the transmission of data by CDMA modem and the remote wireless control of the robot are described in detail.
Application and Key Technique Research of Monitoring and Control System for Drawing and Coving Workshop
Authors: Shao Jing Feng , Li Qian , Li Jia , Qin Lan Shuang
Published: October 2009

Aiming at the presently slow informationization development phenomenon in the drawing and coving workshop of textile enterprise, we analyze actual existing problems in production management and information development, use some theories and techniques to propose many solutions. According to the actual requirements of workshop, we implement a real-time monitoring and control system based on LAN. System’s structure and workflow, the key techniques within the system development are researched, the accuracy of production data is ensured by using numerical approximation theories. As proved by practice, the system's structure is simple, easy maintenance and low cost, meantime, furthermore, system can run stably, collect accurately production data, and its functions meet production control and information management of workshop needs.
Computerized Tooth Profile Generation and Undercut Analysis of Gears Manufactured With Pre-Shaving Hobs
Authors: Kong Xiang Wei , Zhang Jing , Niu Meng Hua
Published: October 2009

This paper investigated the feature of pre-shaving hob contour and the generated gear tooth profile. By tooth generation method, a complete geometry of the gear tooth can be mathematically derived in terms of the design parameters of the pre-shaving hob cutter. The mathematical model consisted of equations describing the generated fillet and involute profiles. The degree of undercutting and the radii of curvatures of a fillet were investigated by considering the model. Finally, a computer program for generating the profile of the gear teeth was developed by simulating the cutting methods. The methods proposed in this study were expected to be a valuable guidance for pre-shaving hob designers and manufacturers.
Numerical Simulation of Granite Sawing by Discrete Element Method
Authors: Ye Yong , Li Yuan , Xu Xi Peng
Published: October 2009

Granite is a kind of typical discrete material, which experiences from continuous deformation stage, discontinuous deformation stage to fracture stage under sawing forces. Using discrete element method (DEM) to study the process of sawing granite will help us to understand the removal mechanism of granite from the microscopic point of view. In this paper, numerical uniaxial compression and three-point bending tests were conducted to determine the microscopic parameters of the granite specimen firstly, and then simulation was performed for sawing of the specimen. The sawing process, deformation characteristics of granite and the effect of initiation and propagation of cracks on fracture process of granite were investigated. The emphasis was laid on analyzing the variation of sawing forces under different sawing parameters. The simulation results agree well with that of experiments, indicating that DEM can reflect the external macroscopic change of granite by changing the internal microscopic structure. The conclusions in this study would be useful to the modeling of sawing processes and engineering applications.
Safety Characteristic of HSS in Car Side Impact
Authors: Wang Shu Fan , Feng Su Li , Si Jun De
Published: October 2009

The lateral stiffness of a car is 1/12 of frontal stiffness for a typical side crash, and the deformable space is smaller than frontal zone too. In order to study the safety characteristic of HSS in car side impact, the side impact test and simulation were respectively completed. The main factors which influence side crashworthiness were carried out and it’s also the basis for further research on the car body crashworthiness of side impact.