bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lunar Pit Morphology: Implications for Exploration
Authors: Wagner R. V. , Robinson M. S.
Published: August 2022

Lunar pits are small (∼10–300 m wide) collapse features with vertical walls and sometimes overhangs. We have identified almost 300 pits, mostly in ponds of cooled impact melt inside large craters younger than ∼1 billion years. Several of these pits may provide access to lava tubes or other caves, and those in the maria expose the layering record of the top 20–100 m of basaltic lava flows. We investigated the 21 known pits outside of impact melt ponds to determine possible origins, ages, and present‐day access to the lunar subsurface. We used Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Narrow Angle Camera images (<2 m per pixel) to produce detailed 3D reconstructions of six pit interiors. We evaluated the general morphology and geologic context of all twenty‐one. While four pits have contexts suggestive of lava tubes, the majority are ambiguous, although all occur in or near the maria. We also propose that pit formation is an ongoing process, as the degree of degradation of a pit is unrelated to the age of the host terrain. Much of the original volume of most pits is now filled with debris, but some exhibit significant overhangs and may have present‐day cave access. Viewing pit walls and floors, even from the rims, requires navigating steep slopes of loose material. Since the floors are also covered with rough debris piles, we recommend simple flying vehicles for initial reconnaissance.
Lipids in cancer: a global view of the contribution of lipid pathways to metastatic formation and treatment resistance
Authors: Vasseur Sophie , Guillaumond Fabienne
Published: August 2022

Lipids are essential constituents for malignant tumors, as they are absolutely required for tumor growth and dissemination. Provided by the tumor microenvironment (TME) or by cancer cells themselves through activation of de novo synthesis pathways, they orchestrate a large variety of pro-tumorigenic functions. Importantly, TME cells, especially immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), are also prone to changes in their lipid content, which hinder or promote tumor aggressiveness. In this review, we address the significant findings for lipid contribution in tumor progression towards a metastatic disease and in the poor response to therapeutic treatments. We also highlight the benefits of targeting lipid pathways in preclinical models to slow down metastasis development and overcome chemo-and immunotherapy resistance.
Transcriptomic analysis in the striatum reveals the involvement of Nurr1 in the social behavior of prenatally valproic acid-exposed male mice
Authors: Kim Hyunju , Woo Ran-Sook , Yang Eun-Jeong , Kim Han-Byeol , Jo Eun hwa , Lee Sangjoon , Im Hehin , Kim Seonghan , Kim Hye-Sun
Published: August 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that exhibits neurobehavioral deficits characterized by abnormalities in social interactions, deficits in communication as well as restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. The basal ganglia is one of the brain regions implicated as dysfunctional in ASD. In particular, the defects in corticostriatal function have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of ASD. Surface deformation of the striatum in the brains of patients with ASD and their correlation with behavioral symptoms was reported in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. We demonstrated that prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure induced synaptic and molecular changes and decreased neuronal activity in the striatum. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we analyzed transcriptome alterations in striatal tissues from 10-week-old prenatally VPA-exposed BALB/c male mice. Among the upregulated genes, Nurr1 was significantly upregulated in striatal tissues from prenatally VPA-exposed mice. Viral knockdown of Nurr1 by shRNA significantly rescued the reduction in dendritic spine density and the number of mature dendritic spines in the striatum and markedly improved social deficits in prenatally VPA-exposed mice. In addition, treatment with amodiaquine, which is a known ligand for Nurr1, mimicked the social deficits and synaptic abnormalities in saline-exposed mice as observed in prenatally VPA-exposed mice. Furthermore, PatDp+/− mice, a commonly used ASD genetic mouse model, also showed increased levels of Nurr1 in the striatum. Taken together, these results suggest that the increase in Nurr1 expression in the striatum is a mechanism related to the changes in synaptic deficits and behavioral phenotypes of the VPA-induced ASD mouse model.
Computational modeling of orthostatic intolerance for travel to Mars
Authors: van Loon Lex M. , Steins Anne , Schulte Klaus-Martin , Gruen Russell , Tucker Emma M.
Published: August 2022

Astronauts in a microgravity environment will experience significant changes in their cardiopulmonary system. Up until now, there has always been the reassurance that they have real-time contact with experts on Earth. Mars crew however will have gaps in their communication of 20 min or more. In silico experiments are therefore needed to assess fitness to fly for those on future space flights to Mars. In this study, we present an open-source controlled lumped mathematical model of the cardiopulmonary system that is able simulate the short-term adaptations of key hemodynamic parameters to an active stand test after being exposed to microgravity. The presented model is capable of adequately simulating key cardiovascular hemodynamic changes—over a short time frame—during a stand test after prolonged spaceflight under different gravitational conditions and fluid loading conditions. This model can form the basis for further exploration of the ability of the human cardiovascular system to withstand long-duration space flight and life on Mars.
Integration of plasmonic AgPd alloy nanoparticles with single-layer graphitic carbon nitride as Mott-Schottky junction toward photo-promoted H2 evolution
Authors: Gholipour Behnam , Zonouzi Afsaneh , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza , Rostamnia Sadegh
Published: August 2022

Plasmonic AgPd alloy nanoparticles (AgPdNPs) decorated on single-layer carbon nitride (AgPdNPs/SLCN) for the designing of the Mott-Schottky junction were constructed with the ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal method and used toward photo evolution H2 from formic acid (FA) at near room temperature (30 °C). The Pd atom contains active sites that are synergistically boosted by the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag atoms, leading to considerably enhanced photocatalytic properties. The photoactive AgPdNPs/SLCN obtained supreme catalytic activity to produce 50 mL of gas (H2 + CO2) with the initial turnover frequency of 224 h-1 under light irradiation. The catalyst showed stable catalytic performance during successive cycles.
Large genomic deletion linked to field-evolved resistance to Cry1F corn in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) from Florida
Authors: Banerjee R. , De Bortoli C. P. , Huang F. , Lamour K. , Meagher R. , Buntin D. , Ni X. , Reay-Jones F. P. F. , Stewart S. , Jurat-Fuentes Juan Luis
Published: August 2022

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a highly polyphagous lepidopteran pest of relevant food and fiber staple crops. In the Americas, transgenic corn and cotton producing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have controlled and reduced the damage caused by S. frugiperda. However, cases of field-evolved S. frugiperda resistance to Bt corn producing the Cry1F insecticidal protein have been documented in North and South America. When characterized, field resistance to Cry1F is linked to insertions and mutations resulting in a modified or truncated ABC transporter subfamily C2 (SfABCC2) protein that serves as Cry1F receptor in susceptible S. frugiperda. In this work, we present detection of a large genomic deletion (~ 8 kb) affecting the SfABCC2 and an ABC transporter gene subfamily 3 –like gene (SfABCC3) as linked to resistance to Cry1F corn in a S. frugiperda strain from Florida (FL39). Monitoring for this genomic deletion using a discriminatory PCR reaction in field-collected S. frugiperda moths detected individuals carrying this allele in Florida, but not in surrounding states. This is the first report of a large genomic deletion being involved in resistance to a Bt insecticidal protein.
Dynamic modeling and simulation of rigid-flexible coupling cable system by absolute nodal coordinate formulation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Zhao Jingchao , Wang Haofeng , Song Huitao , Luo Zhong , Han Qingkai
Published: August 2022

The rigid-flexible coupling cable system under large deformation is studied, and the beam element from absolute node coordinate formulation is used to establish flexible cable body of the system. Different numerical integral algorithms are discussed for solving the rigid-flexible cable system and an integration strategy which combines Implicit Euler with Minimum Residual Method (MINRES) is proposed. The influence of the position and number of rigid components and different the lengths of the flexible elements on the system dynamics are analyzed. With constant total mass of the system, higher number of rigid components and their uniform distribution contribute to stabilization of the swing of the flexible cable body. When the total length of the cable is constant, increasing the number of beam elements enhances the nonlinear characteristics of the swing motion and damages the stability. The influence of different factors on the movement of large deformation flexible cable body is obtained through modeling and simulation of the rigid-flexible coupling cable system.
Effects of oceanographic environment on the distribution and migration of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) during main fishing season
Authors: Liu Shigang , Liu Yang , Li Jianchao , Cao Chang , Tian Hao , Li Wenjia , Tian Yongjun , Watanabe Yoshiro , Lin Longshan , Li Yuan
Published: August 2022

The Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is one of the most commercially important pelagic fishes in Asia–Pacific countries. The oceanographic environment, especially the Oyashio Current, significantly affects the distribution of Pacific saury, and may lead to variations in their migration route and the formation of fishing grounds in Japanese coastal region and the high seas. In this study, six oceanographic factors, sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration (SSC), sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface height (SSH), mixed layer depth (MLD), and eddy kinetic energy (EKE), were associated with the monthly catch per unit effort 1 (monthly CPUE1, ton/vessel) and the monthly CPUE2 (ton/day) of Pacific saury from Chinese fishing vessels during the optimal fishing periods (September–November) in 2014–2017. The gradient forest analysis showed that the performance of monthly CPUE1 was higher than monthly CPUE2 and SST was the most important oceanographic factor influencing monthly CPUE1, followed by EKE. The generalized additive model indicated that SST, SSH, and EKE negatively affected monthly CPUE1, whereas SSC, SSS, and MLD induced dome-shaped increases in monthly CPUE1. The distributions of fishing locations are likely to form along Offshore Oyashio current and meanders, especially in October and November. Synchronous trends in the relationship between the intrusion area of the Oyashio and relative abundance variation index suggest that an increase in the intrusion area of the Oyashio causes more Pacific saury to migrate to the Japanese coastal region, and vice versa. These findings extend our understanding of the effects of the oceanographic environment on Pacific saury.
mRNA-carrying lipid nanoparticles that induce lysosomal rupture activate NLRP3 inflammasome and reduce mRNA transfection efficiency
Authors: Forster III James , Nandi Dipika , Kulkarni Ashish
Published: August 2022

We have demonstrated the ability of mRNA-carrying lipid nanoparticles to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes is highly dependent on lipid composition, affecting the endo/lysosomal rupture or calcium influx/mitochondrial ROS production by the nanoparticle.
Manufacturing functional hydrogels for inducing angiogenic–osteogenic coupled progressions in hard tissue repairs: prospects and challenges
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Sood Ankur , Singhmar Ritu , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Han Sung Soo
Published: August 2022

This review focuses on the prospects of manufacturing functional hydrogels for inducing angiogenic–osteogenic coupled progressions in optimal hard tissue integration and regeneration.
Solvent/metal-free benzimidazolium-based carboxyl-functionalized porphyrin photocatalysts for the room-temperature alkylation of amines under the irradiation of visible light
Authors: Raut Subodh Uttamrao , Balinge Kamlesh Rudreshwar , Deshmukh Shubham Avinash , Barange Shital Haribhau , Mataghare Bhairav Chandroday , Bhagat Pundlik Rambhau
Published: August 2022

The improvement of novel sustainable catalytic methods for green chemical production is an emergent area in chemical science.
Ethylene binding in mono- and binuclear CuI complexes with tetradentate pyridinophane ligands
Authors: Karimata Ayumu , Gridneva Tatiana , Patil Pradnya H. , Fayzullin Robert R. , Khaskin Eugene , Lapointe Sébastien , Garcia-Roca Alèria , Khusnutdinova Julia R.
Published: August 2022

Copper(i) complexes with pyridinophane coordinate to ethylene forming either mononuclear 1 : 1 complexes or a binuclear complex with unusual μ-η2-η2 ethylene coordination mode.
Swimming protein microtube motors capture virus-shaped fluorescent nanoparticles
Authors: Akashi Yushi , Sugai Natsuho , Kato Ryo , Komatsu Teruyuki
Published: August 2022

Swimming protein microtube motors with an exterior surface of fetuin and an interior surface of catalase captured virus-shaped fluorescent nanoparticles (100 nm-diameter), non-infectious fake influenza A viruses, efficiently.
Grain engineering for improved charge carrier transport in two-dimensional lead-free perovskite field-effect transistors
Authors: Wang Shuanglong , Frisch Sabine , Zhang Heng , Yildiz Okan , Mandal Mukunda , Ugur Naz , Jeong Beomjin , Ramanan Charusheela , Andrienko Denis , Wang Hai I. , Bonn Mischa , Blom Paul W. M. , Kivala Milan , Pisula Wojciech , Marszalek Tomasz
Published: August 2022

Controlling crystal growth and reducing the number of grain boundaries are crucial to maximize the charge carrier transport in organic–inorganic perovskite field-effect transistors (FETs).
Recent applications of nanoparticles in organic transformations
Authors: Muskan  , Gangadharan Arya , Goel Pratiksha , Patel Monika , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: August 2022

This review highlights the fundamental concepts of metal nanoparticles and their recent applications in important organic transformations over the last decade.
Synthesis of 4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromenesviathe reaction of 2-(trifluoroacetyl)phenols with vinyltriphenylphosphonium chloride
Authors: Golubev Alexander S. , Ostapchuk Petr N. , Strelkova Tatiana V. , Kagramanov Nikolai D. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. , Takazova Rina U. , Chkanikov Nikolai D.
Published: August 2022

New synthesis of 4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromenesviathe reaction of 2-(trifluoroacetyl)phenols with vinyltriphenylphosphonium chloride provides a reliable and prompt access to various substituted at the benzene ring 4-trifluoromethyl-2H-chromenes.
A novel quaternized carbon dot–papain complex for the double-target anti-biofilm activity and visualization-ratio fluorescence dual-mode detection of H2O2
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhang Rui , Xu Mengyu , Li Xiaoyun , Jiao Yan , Xiao Xincai
Published: August 2022

We report a novel quaternized carbon dot–papain complex. The applications of the complex in fluorescence imaging, inhibiting and eliminating bacterial biofilms, and dual-channel detecting of hydrogen peroxide are described.
Colorimetric sensing of glucose and GSH using core–shell Cu/Au nanoparticles with peroxidase mimicking activity
Authors: Sun Ruimeng , Lv Ruijuan , Zhang Yang , Du Ting , Li Yuhan , Chen Lixia , Qi Yanfei
Published: August 2022

Core–shell Cu/Au nanoparticles were synthesized by a one pot method, their peroxidase activity was proved by catalysing the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine with colour change to blue. Results showed a good range and limit for the detection of glucose and GSH.
Performance enhancement of a thermal energy storage system using shape-stabilized LDPE/hexadecane/SEBS composite PCMs by copper oxide addition
Authors: Trigui Abdelwaheb , Abdelmouleh Makki , Boudaya Chokri
Published: August 2022

Thermal Energy Storage (TES) technologies based on Phase Change Materials (PCMs) with small temperature differences have effectively promoted the development of clean and renewable energy.
High efficiency and low operating voltage yellow phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with a simple doping-free structure
Authors: Hua Jie , Li Jiaxin , Zhan Zhuolin , Chai Yuan , Cheng Zeyuan , Li Peiding , Dong He , Wang Jin
Published: August 2022

A PhOLED with lower operating voltage and power efficiency was demonstrated by combining an np-type C60/MoO3 hole-injecting layer with a doping-free ultrathin phosphorescent emitter based on an interfacial exciplex strategy.
Adsorptive separation of para-xylene by nonporous adaptive crystals of phenanthrene[2]arene
Authors: Hou Ying , Duan Yin-Rong , Ding Man-Hua , Tang Lin-Li , Zeng Fei
Published: August 2022

A new method for the preparation of phenanthrene[2]arene on a large-scale was developed. The synthetic phenanthrene[2]arene has been successfully used as nonporous adaptive crystals for the separation of para-xylene from xylene isomers.
Micropatterned functional interfaces on elastic substrates fabricated by fixing out of plane deformations
Authors: Nogales Aurora , García Carolina , del Campo Adolfo , Ezquerra Tiberio A. , Rodriguez-Hernández Juan
Published: August 2022

We report on the preparation of micropatterned functional surfaces produced by inducing an out-of-plane deformation on elastic substrates and fixing these by creating a rigid oxidized top layer.
Effects of the rigid and sterically bulky structure of non-fused nonfullerene acceptors on transient photon-to-current dynamics
Authors: Jinnai Seihou , Murayama Kasumi , Nagai Keisuke , Mineshita Megumi , Kato Kosaku , Muraoka Azusa , Yamakata Akira , Saeki Akinori , Kobori Yasuhiro , Ie Yutaka
Published: August 2022

Non-fused electron-accepting π-conjugated compounds have been investigated recently for application to nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs).
Cross-linked proton-exchange membranes with strongly reduced fuel crossover and increased chemical stability for direct-isopropanol fuel cells
Authors: Auffarth Sebastian , Dafinger Willibald , Mehler Julia , Ardizzon Valeria , Preuster Patrick , Wasserscheid Peter , Thiele Simon , Kerres Jochen
Published: August 2022

Ionic and covalent cross-linking of an acid–base blend is used to manufacture membranes with high stability against dissolution and reduced isopropanol and acetone crossover for direct-isopropanol fuel cell applications.
Macromonomer crosslinking polymerized scaffolds for mechanically robust and flexible perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xue Tangyue , Chen Duo , Su Meng , Hu Xiaotian , Huang Zengqi , Wu Tingqing , Yu Guanghui , Jiang Ke-Jian , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin
Published: August 2022

Poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate-added perovskite films can effectively regulate crystal growth, passivate defects, release strains and enhance the mechanical stability of PSCs.
Data-driven design of dual-metal-site catalysts for the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction
Authors: Feng Haisong , Ding Hu , He Peinan , Wang Si , Li Zeyang , Zheng Zikang , Yang Yusen , Wei Min , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2022

A data-driven strategy with a DFT/ML algorithm was reported to predict the catalytic performance of dual-metal-site catalysts (DMSCs) toward CO2RR. The screening model successfully predicted 4 DMSCs identified as efficient CO2RR electrocatalysts.
Screening interface passivation materials intelligently through machine learning for highly efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Wu , Lu Yao , Wei Dong , Huo Xiaomin , Huang Xiaofeng , Li Yaoyao , Meng Juan , Zhao Suling , Qiao Bo , Liang Zhiqin , Xu Zheng , Song Dandan
Published: August 2022

Based on previous experimental results, machine learning is employed to intelligently screen interface materials for use in PSCs at the atomic level. The results of the high-throughput predictions were validated via DFT calculations and experiments.
Injectable hydrogel with dual-sensitive behavior for targeted delivery of oncostatin M to improve cardiac restoration after myocardial infarction
Authors: Jiang Yong-liang , Niu Shiwei , Lin Zhi , Li Limei , Yang Ping , Rao Peng , Yang Lin , Jiang Lihong , Sun Lin
Published: August 2022

Currently MI repair approaches always exhibit low efficiency and do not match the clinical requirements. To provide an advanced engineering platform, an injectable hydrogel was developed to release OSM continuously and localized in the MI lesion.
Biomechanics of cancer stem cells
Authors: Chen Xi , Tang Kai , Li Xueyi , Zhang Cunyu , Xin Ying , Li Keming , Tan Youhua
Published: August 2022

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been believed to be one driving force for tumor progression and drug resistance. Despite the significance of biochemical signaling in malignancy, highly malignant tumor cells or CSCs exhibit lower cellular stiffness than weakly malignant cells or non-CSCs, which are softer than their healthy counterparts, suggesting the inverse correlation between cell stiffness and malignancy. Recent years have witnessed the rapid accumulation of evidence illustrating the reciprocity between cell cytoskeleton/mechanics and CSC functions and the potential of cellular stiffness for specific targeting of CSCs. However, a systematic understanding of tumor cell mechanics and their role in CSCs and tumor progression is still lacking. The present review summarizes the recent progress in the alterations of tumor cell cytoskeleton and stiffness at different stages of tumor progression and recapitulates the relationship between cellular stiffness and CSC functions. The altered cell mechanics may mediate the mechanoadaptive responses that possibly empower CSCs to survive and thrive during metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight the possible impact of tumor cell mechanics on CSC malignancy, which may potentiate low cell stiffness as a mechanical marker for CSC targeting.
Associations Between Parent Mental State Language and Child Inhibitory Control in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Lind-Combs Holly C. , Holt Rachael Frush
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Children who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) are at increased risk for neurocognitive delays, which can have cascading effects on development. Associations between neurocognition and the content of parental language—specifically the use of mental state vocabulary—have been observed in typically hearing (TH) children. This study investigated the role of parental use of mental state language (e.g., vocabulary related to thought processes, desires, and emotions) in explaining variability in neurocognition in children who are D/HH.

Method:

Dyads of 62 TH and 69 D/HH children who wear hearing aids or cochlear implants (ages 3–8 years) and their primary parent were videorecorded during a 20-min play session. Specific mental state words used by parents were extracted. Child neurocognition (specifically, inhibitory control) was assessed using norm-referenced measures.

Results:

Parent use of mental state language predicted child inhibitory control differentially based on hearing status, with a significant relation in the D/HH but not the TH group. Mental state vocabulary related to cognition (e.g., “think,” “know”), but not to desire (e.g., “want,” “like”) or emotion (e.g., “feel,” “frustrated”), predicted child inhibitory control in the D/HH group. Finally, there was a significant relation between the use of first person, but not second or third person, mental state verbs (e.g., “I think”) and child inhibitory control.

Conclusions:

Parental use of cognitive mental state vocabulary models language around thought processes, and parents' use of first-person referents models “self-talk.” Modeling of these linguistic forms is likely foundational for developing self-regulation. Children who are D/HH often experience reduced auditory access and/or language delays and thus rely on high-quality parental language input for longer periods of development than their TH peers. Continued support from interventionists is indicated to coach parents to be high-quality models of more abstract, decontextualized language, supporting complex language development and inhibitory control in children who are D/HH.
Baseline Stimulability Predicts Patterns of Response to Traditional and Ultrasound Biofeedback Treatment for Residual Speech Sound Disorder
Authors: McAllister Tara , Eads Amanda , Kabakoff Heather , Scott Marc , Boyce Suzanne , Whalen D. H. , Preston Jonathan L.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

This study aimed to identify predictors of response to treatment for residual speech sound disorder (RSSD) affecting English rhotics. Progress was tracked during an initial phase of traditional motor-based treatment and a longer phase of treatment incorporating ultrasound biofeedback. Based on previous literature, we focused on baseline stimulability and sensory acuity as predictors of interest.

Method:

Thirty-three individuals aged 9–15 years with residual distortions of /ɹ/ received a course of individual intervention comprising 1 week of intensive traditional treatment and 9 weeks of ultrasound biofeedback treatment. Stimulability for /ɹ/ was probed prior to treatment, after the traditional treatment phase, and after the end of all treatment. Accuracy of /ɹ/ production in each probe was assessed with an acoustic measure: normalized third formant (F3)–second formant (F2) distance. Model-based clustering analysis was applied to these acoustic measures to identify different average trajectories of progress over the course of treatment. The resulting clusters were compared with respect to acuity in auditory and somatosensory domains.

Results:

All but four individuals were judged to exhibit a clinically significant response to the combined course of treatment. Two major clusters were identified. The “low stimulability” cluster was characterized by very low accuracy at baseline, minimal response to traditional treatment, and strong response to ultrasound biofeedback. The “high stimulability” group was more accurate at baseline and made significant gains in both traditional and ultrasound biofeedback phases of treatment. The clusters did not differ with respect to sensory acuity.

Conclusions:

This research accords with clinical intuition in finding that individuals who are more stimulable at baseline are more likely to respond to traditional intervention, whereas less stimulable individuals may derive greater relative benefit from biofeedback.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20422236
Magnetic field regulation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell behaviours on TiO2 nanotubes via surface potential mediated by Terfenol‐D/P(VDF‐TrFE) film
Authors: Qi Haisheng , Ke Qi , Tang Qiwen , Yin Lei , Yang Lixin , Ning Chengyun , Su Jianyu , Fang Liming
Published: August 2022

It is challenging to match the mutual interactions between implant and host because the biomaterials usually cannot actively adjust their performance to the changing microenvironment. Surface potential is one of the critical factors affecting the bioactivity of biomaterials, but it is difficult to be directly controlled in vivo. Magnetic stimulation has attracted much attention due to its deep penetrability, good reliability, and convenient operability. Here, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes and Terfenol‐D/P(VDF‐TrFE) composite film are prepared by anodic oxidation and solution casting methods on opposite sides of a titanium sheet, respectively. Terfenol‐D magnetostrictive microparticles deform under a magnetic field, generating surface potential on the P(VDF‐TrFE) piezoelectric matrix through magneto‐electric coupling. Correspondingly, equal opposite charges are induced on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes. Stem cells cultured on TiO2 nanotubes show that cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation abilities can be regulated by magnetic strength, which correlates with the absorption of charged proteins. Therefore, a cascade coupling of magnetic, mechanical, electric, biochemical, and cellular effects is established. This work demonstrates the feasibility of regulating the bioactivity of biomaterials in vivo through a magnetic field.
EMISSA (Exploring millimetre indicators of solar-stellar activity)
Authors: Mohan A. , Wedemeyer S. , Hauschildt P. H. , Pandit S. , Saberi M.
Published: August 2022

Context. An activity indicator, which can provide a robust quantitative mapping between the stellar activity and the physical properties of its atmosphere, is important in exploring the evolution of the observed active phenomena across main-sequence stars of different spectral types. Common activity indicators do provide qualitative correlations with physical properties such as Teff and the rotation period, among others. However, due to the large variability in their values, even for a single star, defining robust quantitative mappings between activity and physical properties is difficult. Millimetre (mm) wavelengths probe the different atmospheric layers within the stellar chromosphere, providing a tomographic view of the atmospheric dynamics.

Aims. The project aims to define a robust activity indicator by characterising mm brightness temperature spectra (TB(ν)) of the cool main-sequence stars (Teff ∼ 5000–7000 K) compiled by Paper I in this series. The sample contains 13 stars, including the Sun.

Methods. We derived the mm TB(ν) spectral indices (αmm) for cool stars, including the Sun, based on observations in the 30–1000 GHz range. The derived values for αmm are explored as a function of various physical parameters and empirical power-law functions were derived. We also compared αmm estimates with other activity indicators.

Results. Despite the estimation errors, αmm values could distinguish the cool stars well, unlike common activity indicators. The low estimation errors on the derived trends of αmm vs. physical parameters suggest that αmm could be a robust activity indicator.

Conclusions. We note that αmm, which is linked to chromospheric thermal stratification and activity in cool stars, can well distinguish and physically characterise the stars more robustly than common activity indicators. We emphasise the need for multi-frequency data across the mm band for stars, with a range of physical parameters and gathered at multiple epochs during their activity cycles. This will help to explore αmm in a statistically robust manner and to study the emergence of chromospheric heating on the main sequence.
Veränderung des Blickmusters in Abhängigkeit des
Stadiums der Brustrekonstruktion mittels DIEP Lappenplastik – erste
Daten einer Eye-Tracking-Analyse
Authors: Kantelhardt Chiara , Frank Konstantin , Kohler Lukas , Cotofana Sebastian , Alfertshofer Michael , Hagen Christine Sophie , Walbrun Alina , Karcz Konrad , Giunta Riccardo E. , Möllhoff Nicholas
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund Die Brustrekonstruktion mittels autologem Gewebe ist fester
Bestandteil eines ganzheitlichen Therapiekonzeptes bei Patientinnen mit
Mammakarzinom. Während zahlreiche Studien den körperlichen und
psychischen Gesundheitszustand von Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs nach Mastektomie
und konsekutiver Brustrekonstruktion untersuchen, mangelt es an objektiven Daten
zur Beurteilung des Einflusses von Ablatio und Brustrekonstruktion auf die
Wahrnehmung von externen Beobachtern. Diese Studie untersucht die Blickmuster
bei Betrachtung einer Brust in verschiedenen Stadien der Brustrekonstruktion
mittels DIEP Lappenplastik.

Material und Methoden Mittels Eye-Tracking-Technologie wurden die
Augenbewegungen von 58 Studienteilnehmer*in- nen beim Betrachten von
2D-Fotografien einer Patientin in den verschiedenen Stadien der
Brustrekonstruktion (1. Ablatio, 2. Aufbau mittels DIEP Lappenplastik, 3. MAK
Rekonstruktion) analysiert. Die Zeit bis zur ersten Fixierung und die Dauer der
Fixierung wurde in jedem Bild für die rechte und linke Brust
aufgezeichnet.

Ergebnisse Die Dauer der kompletten Fixierung der operierten Brust zeigte
über die verschiedenen Stadien der Brustrekonstruktion insgesamt eine
signifikante Abnahme mit p<0,001. Gleichzeitig zeigte sich keine
statistisch signifikante Veränderung der Blickdauer auf der
nicht-operierten Gegen- seite mit p=0,174. Die Zeit bis zur ersten
Blickfixierung der betroffenen Brust zeigte eine signifikante Zunahme
über die verschiedenen Rekonstruktionsschritte, mit p<0,001. Bei
der Gegenseite zeigte sich kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied in der
Zeit bis zur ersten Fixierung, mit p=0,344.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ablatio mammae und die einzelnen Schritte der
Brustrekonstruktion verändern die äußerliche Wahrnehmung
von Patientinnen. Im Laufe der einzelnen re- konstruktiven Teilschritte kommt es
zu einer zunehmenden Aufhebung der Blickdeviation in Richtung erkrankte
Brust.
Brustrekonstruktion bei Mammakarzinom
Authors: Momeni Arash , Giunta Riccardo E.
Published: August 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

es ist uns eine große Freude mit diesem Sonderheft über aktuelle
Themen zur Brustrekonstruktion nach Mammakarzinom zu informieren. In den letzten
Jahrzehnten hat die Brustrekonstruktion erhebliche Fortschritte mit verbesserten
klinischen Resultaten gemacht, so wir in diesem Themenheft aktuelle Trends und
Themen für Sie zusammenfassen möchten.
Interdisziplinäres Management von
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation
Authors: Olbrisch Carolin , Jablonski-Momeni Anahita , Korbmacher-Steiner Heike
Published: August 2022

Das Management von Patienten mit einer Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH)
gewinnt durch die steigende Prävalenz zunehmend an Bedeutung. Bei der
Therapieplanung ist ein enger Austausch zwischen Zahnarzt und
Kieferorthopäden von erheblicher Bedeutung, da neben dem
Defektausmaß auch die gegebenen dentalen und skelettalen Faktoren zu
berücksichtigen sind. Die Extraktion kann bei Molaren mit einer
schlechten Prognose eine wertvolle Alternative zu aufwändigen
Restaurationen darstellen. Der Zeitpunkt der Extraktion ist weiterhin
essenziell, um einen größtmöglich spontanen
Lückenschluss herbeizuführen und die kieferorthopädische
Behandlungsdauer gering zu halten. Sofern jedoch keine Indikation für
eine Extraktion der Molaren vorliegt, sollten die betroffenen
hypomineralisierten Zähne mit den verfügbaren Mitteln solange
wie möglich erhalten werden.

Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es eine Übersicht über das
Management von MIH-Zähnen unter Berücksichtigung der
kinderzahnärztlichen und kieferorthopädischen Expertise zu
präsentieren. Die individuelle Entscheidung für oder gegen eine
Extraktion wird anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen beleuchten.
Nutzen und Grenzen mobiler und tragbarer Technologien zur
Individualisierung von hochintensivem Intervalltraining in der
Bewegungstherapie
Authors: Düking Peter , Sperlich Billy
Published: August 2022

TherapeutInnen, PatientInnen und SportlerInnen werden in verschiedenen Therapie-
und Trainingsmaßnahmen vermehrt mit mobilen und tragbaren Technologien,
Smartphone Apps oder sogenannten „point-of-care“ (POCT)
Geräten zur Individualisierung von Trainingsprozessen konfrontiert.
Obwohl die technologische Entwicklung schnell voranschreitet, können
nicht alle verfügbaren Parameter bei (hoch-)intensiver Beanspruchung
valide erfasst werden. TherapeutInnen und PatientInnen sollten nur
Geräte verwenden, die für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall und
Population valide Daten liefern. Tragbare und mobile Technologien werden
beständig weiterentwickelt, und so können heutzutage
beispielsweise (bei richtiger Geräteauswahl) die Herzfrequenz am
Handgelenk auch bei hochintensiver Beanspruchung sowie die
Herzratenvariabilität (bzw. die Pulsratenvariabilität) am
Handgelenk unter Ruhebedingungen valide erfasst werden. Mittlerweile
können tragbare Technologien wie „Smartwatches“ die
maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme ohne Ausbelastungstest erfassen. Deren
Validität ist jedoch abhängig von der jeweiligen
Leistungsfähigkeit, und diese Technologien scheinen auf individueller
Ebene noch verbesserungswürdig. Zur Überprüfung der
mittel- und langfristigen Effektivität eines (hochintensiven)
Trainingsprozesses ist diese tragbare Technologie zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt nur
bedingt anwendbar.
Crystal Structures of Organoselenium Compounds: Structural Descriptors for Chalcogen Bonds
Authors: Wouters Johan , Bodart Laurie
Published: August 2022

Less conventional non-covalent interactions such as chalcogen bonds attract the attention of researchers in various fields (organocatalysis, material sciences, biological chemistry, …). We present here useful descriptors to easily discriminate the structures in which chalcogen bonds involving selenium are observed. Our study focused on organoselenium compounds as chalcogen bond donors and on molecular entities, as chalcogen bond acceptors, containing N, O, S, Se, and Te atoms or aromatic rings. For conventional chalcogen bonds (C–Se⋯X, with X = N, O, S, Se, or Te), the combination of the C–Se⋯X angle and the distance between X and the C–Se-C plane proved to be most relevant for identification of chalcogen bonds. For chalcogen⋯π bonds, the most relevant parameters are a combination of the C–Se⋯X angle and the angle between the C–Se bond and the normal to the aromatic ring plane.
Integrating IPACK (Interspace between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Posterior Knee) Block in an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Pathway for Total Knee Arthroplasty—A Prospective Triple-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: BH Poonam Pai , Jinadu Samiat , Okunlola Olubunmi , Darkzali Haider , Lin Hung Mo , Lai Yan H.
Published: August 2022

We explored the efficacy of an interspace between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) block when added to an established enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway to assist with posterior knee analgesia and functional mobility after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We recruited participants undergoing TKA in our prospective, randomized, triple-blinded controlled trial. All study patients participated in our ERAS pathway consisting of a primary spinal anesthetic, adductor canal nerve catheter, and periarticular joint infiltration. Patients were randomized to receive an IPACK block or no block. The primary outcome was total postoperative opioid consumption. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, recovery unit length of stay, time to first opioid use, the incidence of posterior knee pain, ambulation distance and activities of daily living on postoperative day 1, and hospital length of stay. A total of 96 patients were randomized to the control and IPACK groups. There were no statistical differences in primary or majority of secondary outcomes. There was a lower incidence of posterior knee pain (39%) in the IPACK group when compared with controls (8.7%), p < 0.01. In terms of opioid consumption and a majority of functional outcomes, our study demonstrates no overall benefits of adding an IPACK block in this ERAS pathway in TKA. Nevertheless, IPACK may have the potential of mitigating posterior knee pain after TKA. Level of evidence: level 1.

Clinical trial number and registry URL: NCT03653416. www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Experimental study on the role of polymer addition in Saffman–Taylor instability in miscible flow displacement
Authors: Jangir Pooja , Mohan Ratan , Chokshi Paresh
Published: August 2022

The role of nonlinear rheology of polymeric fluids in finger formation and the ensuing morphology of the patterns in miscible flow displacement is examined experimentally. The poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is introduced in either displaced or displacing fluid. The PEO solutions exhibit shear-thinning viscosity as well as normal stresses. As viscous fingering is primarily caused by the viscosity contrast between two miscible fluids, the zero-shear viscosities of the two fluids are controlled mainly by their composition. The contribution of rheological behavior in fingering is studied by varying the molecular weight of the polymer. The development of fingering patterns in PEO solutions is observed to be more complex showing more branches and tip-splitting vis-à-vis Newtonian fluid even for the same value of effective viscosity contrast regardless of polymer addition in either fluids. Particularly, flow displacement with displaced PEO solution exhibits significantly intensified patterns such that a fractal-like growth is observed when PEO solution of either high concentration or high molecular weight is being displaced. The additional nonlinear behavior, sidebranching, tip-splitting, and shielding is attributed to the inhomogeneity in fluid viscosity and normal stresses (or elasticity) due to local flow behavior. While shear-thinning behavior promotes the longitudinal growth of fingers leading to the shielding effect, the presence of normal stresses inhibits longitudinal growth of fingers promoting fingers in the transverse direction that imparts tip-splitting. Overall, the nonlinear rheology of the fluids gives rise to the effects, in addition to the viscosity modifications, and hence, is crucial for determining the morphology of the fingering instability.
Control reattachment of backward-facing step flow using a row of mini-jets in recirculation bubble
Authors: Mu Zehui , Zhou Wenya , Xu Duo , Gao Nan
Published: August 2022

In this experimental study, we introduce an open-loop control method for shortening the reattachment length in a backward-facing step flow using a row of pulsatile min-jets in the recirculation bubble. The mini-jet perturbations are imposed in two ways, i.e., in-phase perturbation and traveling-wave perturbation. Both types of perturbations are found to shorten the reattachment length, while the former is more effective and gives comparable extent of the length reduction as the mini-jets imposed at the step separation point. The change in the flow field by the perturbations is unraveled on embedded coherent flow structures.
On the steady-state exactly resonant, nearly resonant, and non-resonant waves and their relationships
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Yang Jie , Liu Zeng
Published: August 2022

The steady-state exactly resonant, nearly resonant, and non-resonant waves in infinite water depth are investigated, and their relationships are revealed. In the framework of homotopy analysis method (HAM), the two primary wave components' amplitudes in the initial guess of the velocity potential are fixed and the actual frequencies of the primary waves are unknown. For different wavenumber ratio (k2/k1) values, three groups of steady-state wave systems are obtained with the proper auxiliary linear operator and the initial guess. It is found that when the third-order resonance occurs accurately, the energy of each wave group is mainly concentrated in the primary and third-order resonant wave components. When the value of the wavenumber ratio (k2/k1) moves away from the exact resonance, the energy of the whole wave system is either gradually transferred to the two primary or one resonant wave components that finally evolves into the trivial non-resonant wave system, or the energy is more evenly distributed among more wave components that evolves into multiple nearly resonant wave systems. In addition, the results obtained based on HAM are verified and confirmed by means of the Zakharov equation. This work illustrate that the steady-state wave systems are continuous in wavevector space, the normal non-resonant solution on either side of the resonance point comes from the different third-order resonant solutions, and the occurrence of multiple near resonances can significantly increase the nonlinearity of the wave system.
Detection and validation of
Authors: Jameel Aysha , Ketehouli Toi , Wang Yifan , Wang Fawei , Li Xiaowei , Li Haiyan
Published: August 2022

Synthetic cis-regulatory modules can improve our understanding of gene regulatory networks. We applied an ensemble approach for de novo cis motif discovery among the promoters of 181 drought inducible differentially expressed soybean (Glycine max L.) genes. A total of 43 cis motifs were identified in promoter regions of all gene sets using the binding site estimation suite of tools (BEST). Comparative analysis of these motifs revealed similarities with known cis-elements found in PLACE database and led to the discovery of cis-regulatory motifs that were not yet implicated in drought response. Compiled with the proposed synthetic promoter design rationale, three synthetic assemblies were constructed by concatenating multiple copies of drought-inducible cis motifs in a specific order with inter-motif spacing using random bases and placed upstream of 35s minimal core promoter. Each synthetic module substituted 35S promoter in pBI121 and pCAMBIA3301 to drive glucuronidase expression in soybean hairy roots and Arabidopsis thaliana L. Chimeric soybean seedlings and 3-week-old transgenic Arabidopsis plants were treated with simulated with different levels of osmotic stress. Histochemical staining of transgenic soybean hairy roots and Arabidopsis displayed drought-inducible GUS activity of synthetic promoters. Fluorometric assay and expression analysis revealed that SP2 is the better manual combination of cis-elements for stress-inducible expression. qRT-PCR results further demonstrated that designed synthetic promoters are not tissue-specific and thus active in different parts upon treatment with osmotic stress in Arabidopsis plants. This study provides tools for transcriptional upgradation of valuable crops against drought stress and adds to the current knowledge of synthetic biology.
IGF-1 receptor regulates upward firing rate homeostasis via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter
Authors: Katsenelson Maxim , Shapira Ilana , Abbas Eman , Jevdokimenko Kristina , Styr Boaz , Ruggiero Antonella , Aïd Saba , Fornasiero Eugenio F. , Holzenberger Martin , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Slutsky Inna
Published: August 2022

Regulation of firing rate homeostasis constitutes a fundamental property of central neural circuits. While intracellular Ca
2+
has long been hypothesized to be a feedback control signal, the molecular machinery enabling a network-wide homeostatic response remains largely unknown. We show that deletion of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) limits firing rate homeostasis in response to inactivity, without altering the distribution of baseline firing rates. The deficient firing rate homeostatic response was due to disruption of both postsynaptic and intrinsic plasticity. At the cellular level, we detected a fraction of IGF-1Rs in mitochondria, colocalized with the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUc). IGF-1R deletion suppressed transcription of the MCUc members and burst-evoked mitochondrial Ca
2+
(mitoCa
2+
) by weakening mitochondria-to-cytosol Ca
2+
coupling. Overexpression of either mitochondria-targeted IGF-1R or MCUc in IGF-1R–deficient neurons was sufficient to rescue the deficits in burst-to-mitoCa
2+
coupling and firing rate homeostasis. Our findings indicate that mitochondrial IGF-1R is a key regulator of the integrated homeostatic response by tuning the reliability of burst transfer by MCUc. Based on these results, we propose that MCUc acts as a homeostatic Ca
2+
sensor. Faulty activation of MCUc may drive dysregulation of firing rate homeostasis in aging and in brain disorders associated with aberrant IGF-1R/MCUc signaling.