bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Patients’ Knowledge Concerning care of Vascular Access of Hemodialysis in Al-Muthana Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Hussein Muhammed , Ahmed Sabah
Published: June 2023

Objectives:  The study aims to identify the effects of an educational program on patients’ knowledge about vascular access care and to find out the relationship between patients knowledge scores and their selected demographic variable.                                                                                                                                      

Methodology: A quasi –experimental design of study was carried out at hemodialysis units of AL-Muthana teaching hospitals started from October 11th, 2018 through March 19th 2019. Non-probability purposive sample of (50) patients,who were in hemodialysis units, was selected from AL-Muthana teaching hospitals. The data were collected through the use of constructing a questionnaire, which consisted of three parts (1) Demographic data form that consisted of (6) items and (2) patient history consisted of (7) items, (3) patients' -care Knowledge consisted of (29) items. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined through a pilot study and the validity through a panel of (13) experts. Descriptive statistical analysis procedures (frequency, percentage, mean of score) and inferential statistical analysis procedures (T-TEST) and (ANOVA) were used for the data analysis Data is collected by a structured interview with  patients.

Results: The results of the study indicated that more of half of the study sample were male, their age within 41-50 years, most of them were married and most of the level of education were read and. The study results of pre-test for the case and control groups revealed that there is knowledge deficit for the patients' regarding care toward vascular access for hemodialysis . While the results of post-test showed that the knowledge  of case group patients were improved due to the positive effect of the educational  program upon them. There is no significant association between the effectiveness of educational program and demographic data involved age, gender, level of education, occupation and family number, except the level of education there is significant association with effectiveness of an educational program at P≤0.05 level.

Recommendations: The researcher recommended to establish special health education programs for the patient through mass media about the danger End Stage Renal Disease, Special and continuing  education program should be applied to all patients in hemodialysis ward, Engaging patients to participating in special activity to increase patients' knowledge.
Milícias digitais: fragmentos de pedagogias ciberfascistas
Authors: Carvalho Felipe , Pocahy Fernando
Published: June 2023

Nesta cartografia online objetivamos compreender de que forma as milícias digitais de extrema direita mobilizam determinadas pedagogias ciberculturais, as operacionalizam, lançam mão de diferentes instrumentos didáticos e definem alvos a serem alcançados. Partimos de estudos pós-estruturalistas para acompanhar linhas e fluxos de subjetivação que possibilitam produzir uma dada realidade (com seus territórios e práticas). As linhas de entrada de problematização são os vídeos com os depoimentos da Comissão Parlamentar Mista de Inquérito (CPMI) das fake news e assédios virtuais em 2019; e as reportagens que vão ao encontro dos depoimentos à CPMI. Operamos com as linhas cartográficas utilizando as ferramentas conceituais foucaultianas de discurso e enunciado. Como resultado desta pesquisa, chegamos ao entendimento de que as milícias digitais mobilizam diferentes pedagogias ciberfascistas com vista a governar as condutas dos sujeitos por meio da produção, compartilhamento e viralização de práticas e de conteúdos odiosos, desumanizando o/a outro/a, transformando pessoas em alvos, coisa, objeto, algo inclusive a ser exterminado.
Potencialet e energjisë diellore në vendet e Europës Juglindore
Authors: Alkholidi Abdulsalam , Hamam Habib
Published: June 2023

Energjia rrezatuese nga Dielli përbën burimin kryesor të energjisë së tokës. Kjo energji matet në rrezatim, që është sasia e energjisë së dritës të marrë nga një sipërfaqe për zonën e njësisë. E thënë ndryshe, rrezatimi mund të përkufizohet si prodhim i energjisë së dritës nga dielli, ndërsa matet në tokë. Me gjatësi vale fotonike që variojnë nga rrezet X dhe rrezet gama, kjo energji e dritës bëhet e dukshme me anë të teknologjisë infra të kuqe dhe radio. Sot, teknologjia fotovoltaike është bërë një nga burimet më të rëndësishme të botës për të gjeneruar energji të pafundme
Ky punim përqendrohet në potencialin e energjisë diellore, të mirat dhe të metat e tij. Zhvillimi i teknologjisë moderne fotovoltaike konsiderohet si një nga zgjidhjet për të përmbushur kërkesën në rritje për prodhimin e energjisë elektrike. Studiuesit hulumtuan rritjen e shpejtë të teknologjisë diellore dhe të disa pengesave teknike që vazhdojnë, kryesisht një efikasitet të ulët të qelizave PV, një ekuilibër të ulët të funksionimit të sistemeve dhe pengesave ekonomike, siç është kostoja e lartë dhe mungesa e mekanizmave të financimit.
Ky punim do të ilustrojë sektorin e energjisë së rinovueshme në vendet e Europës Juglindore. Energjia diellore në këtë fushë është hulumtuar dhe analizuar. Ky punim do të përqendrohet në sektorin e sistemeve PV në Shqipëri, si     një studim rasti i këtij artikulli, ku do të prezantojmë stinët më të ngrohta, temperaturën mujore dhe kapacitetet e gjenerimit të rinovueshëm nga burimi i energjisë. Në këtë punim do të paraqitet harta e rrezatimit diellor mesatar vjetor të sipërfaqes së shkarkimit në zonën përkatëse. Do të prezantojmë pesë tregjet kryesore diellore europiane. Në fund,  do të prekim përfitimet socio-ekonomike të këtij studimi.
Hutbeja si bartëse e mesazhit hyjnor në botën moderne
Authors: Rizai Husein
Published: June 2023

Komunikimi është bërthama elementare e shpalljes hyjnore e po ashtu edhe e dërgesës pejgamberike. Teksti i shpalljes dhe porositë profetike janë të thëna, me qëllim që t’i komunikohen në trajta të ndryshme gjinisë njerëzore. Pikërisht për këtë, metodologjia e komunikimit të diskursit hyjnor dhe atij profetik ka ngjallur interesin e veçantë të filozofisë së gjuhës kuranore dhe të haditheve të Pejgamberit (a.s.). Gjithashtu edhe një nga problemet dhe defektet kryesore të gjuhës fetare në botën bashkëkohore, është mangësi (defekt) e komunikimit joadekuat dhe i trajtës jofetare të përdorimit të gjuhës së shpalljes dhe bisedës profetike.

Hutbeja është media më e përhapur dhe më e rëndësishme islame. Vlera e hutbes pasqyrohet në faktin se ka një rëndësi të veçantë në thirrjen islame. Ajo është një mjet i saj tradicional, mirëpo njëkohësisht edhe bashkëkohor. Për shkak të lidhjes me namazin e xhumasë, ku bëhet takimi javor i myslimanëve, ajo vazhdon t’i mbijetojë çdo kohe dhe çfarëdo zhvillimi. Madje, për shkak të karakteristikave që disponon, vazhdon të mbetet si mjeti më efikas në bartjen e mesazhit islam te besimtarët. E kjo, në njëfarë forme, na detyron që hutbes, në përgjithësi, t’i kushtojmë vëmendje dhe rëndësi.

Duke pasur parasysh se institucioni i hutbes është paraqitur menjëherë pas paraqitjes së Islamit dhe vetë i Dërguari i Allahut, Muhamedi (a.s.), ka qenë hatib-ligjërues, vlera historike e këtij lloji të komunikimit i tejkalon të gjitha llojet e tjera specifike të retorikës islame (vazet, derset etj.), për shkak se, krahas bisedës dhe komunikimit të realitetit fetar, ngërthen edhe përmasën e adhurimit dhe përkushtimit ndaj Zotit.

Hutbeja është komunikim i drejtpërdrejtë që i bashkon jo vetëm fjalët dhe mendimet e njerëzve, por edhe frymën dhe gjallërinë e tyre, prandaj edhe mund të konsiderohet si forma më me ndikim në besimin dhe etikën e njerëzve, në krahasim me mediat e shkruara dhe elektronike. Përpos kësaj, ligjëratat verbale kanë fuqi që të kaluarën ta “konservojnë” dhe ta transformojnë sipas nevojës. Duke i pasur parasysh mangësitë dhe përparësitë e diskursit të përdorur në komunikimin e hutbes, gjithsesi, çdo hatib duhet që, krahas diturive fetare, të ketë edhe njohuri elementare të komunikologjisë bashkëkohore
Kriza financiare globale dhe ndikimi i saj në bankat konvencionale dhe ato islame
Authors: Bahtijari Xhylferie
Published: June 2023

Kanë kaluar shumë vite që nga shfaqjet e para të krizës financiare, e cila burimin e ka nga vendi më i zhvilluar ne botë, nga Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës (SHBA), dhe gjendja vazhdon të jetë ende alarmante. Kjo krizë erdhi për shumë arsye, por duke e përfshirë në një fjali të vetme mund të themi se flukset dalëse të parasë ishin më të mëdha se flukset hyrëse të saj dhe kjo uli aftësinë blerëse në treg, e cila po shkon drejt një recesioni të plotë në të gjithë botën. Në këtë mënyrë, shtrirja gjithnjë e më e gjerë e kësaj krize ka tërhequr zvarrë shumë banka e institucione financiare, duke i çuar ato drejt një kolapsi përfundimtar.  
Kriza financiare globale ishte një tronditje e rëndë e të gjitha ekonomive, qoftë edhe e atyre më të zhvilluara botërore të cilat konsideroheshin të pamposhtura. Si pasojë e saj, pësuan humbje shumë biznese të mëdha dhe, si rrjedhojë, shumë njerëz i humbën vendet e tyre të punës. Kriza financiare mendohej se nuk do të zgjerohej jashtë SHBA-ve, por ajo shumë shpejt e kaploi Europën dhe shumë vende të zhvilluara të kontinentit aziatik, si Kina, Japonia etj. Kështu, rritja ekonomike në nivel global vlerësohet të jetë ngadalësuar gjithnjë e më shumë pas krizës globale. Ky ngadalësim ishte më i theksuar në vendet europiane, ku rënia e kërkesës së brendshme si dhe pasiguria e shkaktuar nga sektori fiskal, gjatë vitit 2012, kanë ndikuar në rënien e konsumit dhe të investimeve. Ndikimi i krizës, përveçse në ekonominë e shteteve në përgjithësi, u bë më i dukshëm në sistemet e tyre bankare. Por, a do të ishte ky ndikim i njëjtë në të dy sistemet bankare, si në atë konvencional, ashtu edhe në atë islam, do të vërehej më së miri po të bënim një krahasim ndërmjet këtyre dy sistemeve. Kështu, fokusi i vështrimit është vendosur në performancën e dy llojeve të bankave, atyre islamike dhe atyre konvencionale në nivel shtetëror, në shtetet, ekonomitë e të cilave operojnë me të dyja këto sisteme bankare, në mënyrë që të kontrollohen ekseset e parakrizës, dobësitë dhe reagimet politike. Për të vlerësuar këtë ndikim të krizës, janë marrë katër indikatorë për të dy grupet e bankave, përkatësisht ndryshimet në (I) Përfitim, (II) Kreditim apo huadhënie nga ana e bankave, (III) Asetet e bankës; (IV) Normat bankare.
Vepra “Areali gjuhësor i Istogut me rrethinë” e autorit Dr. Sejdi Gashi, vlerë e re për gjuhësinë shqiptare
Authors: Ibrahimi Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Monografia me titull “Areali gjuhësor i Istogut me rrethinë”, e autorit Dr. Sejdi Gashi, në plan të parë, është një vazhdimësi e kërkimeve prej dekadash në studimet dialektologjike (Shqipëri, Kosovë, Maqedoni), të cilat kanë filluar në vitet ’60. Studimet e kësaj natyre kanë filluar shumë më herët edhe në kolonitë e vjetra ndër arbëreshët e Italisë e të Greqisë dhe vazhdojnë të studiohen e rivlerësohen ende me metodat më bashkëkohore shkencore.

 

Dalja në dritë e veprës së Dr. Sejdi Gashit, “Areali gjuhësor i Istogut me rrethinë”, zgjeron edhe më tej studimet e dialektologjisë shqiptare. Studimi për të folmen e Istogut vjen pasi autori kishte bërë shumë studime, që kur ishte student dhe më vonë, duke botuar me dhjetëra artikuj nëpër gazeta e revista shkencore, në të cilët janë trajtuar dukuri dialektore për të folmen e kësaj krahine.

 

Autori Gashi, kërkimet e tij në fushën e dialektologjisë i bashkon sa me ruajtjen e traditës së kërkimeve dialektore në Kosovë, aq edhe me metodat bashkëkohore të traditës së kërkimeve dialektore, duke sjellë analiza dhe përshkrime deskriptive të përmasës fonetike dhe morfologjike, të fjalë- formimit, si dhe të strukturës së formimeve sintaksore. Monografia e Dr. Sejdi Gashit paraqet një pamje të plotë mbi arealin gjuhësor të Istogut, si një prej të folmeve më periferike të gegërishtes .
The Cycle of Contention in Sekber Mobilization 65
Authors: Asyifani Khalis
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyze the cycle of contentions in the mobilization of the Sekber 65 movement by outlining strategies for utilizing threats and opportunities. Reform succeeded in driving the formation of a democratic narrative and the state's commitment to meeting the human rights needs of its citizens. Democracy influenced the emergence of various social movements and civil society organizations that consistently criticized the state. Various contentious actions responded to the increasing cases of human rights violations by the post-reform state. Sekber 65 is one of the social movements that emerged at the beginning of the reformation period to try to restore the reputation of the 65’s victims and demand protection of human rights from the state for them. The contentions relationship between Sekber 65 and the state analyzes using the theory of contentious politics in social movements from Sidney Tarrow's perspective, particularly in using threats and opportunities in the cycle of contentions. This research uses qualitative methods and a case study approach. This research obtained primary data sources through in-depth interviews with Sekber 65 officials. This study found that (1) Sekber 65 emerged from post-reform democratization opportunities and continues to face threats in the form of state rejection of 65’s victims. However, Sekber 65 seeks opportunities during this lifelong threat by mobilizing a broader movement. (2) Sekber 65 has the cycle of contentions stages, creating a demobilization movement.
Történeti csapadékadatok egyes szisztematikus hibáinak újabb javítási lehetőségei
Authors: Rácz Tibor
Published: June 2023

A folyékony csapadék mérése és az adatok feldolgozása, mint minden adatokkal foglalkozó tevékenység, különböző hibáknak van kitéve. A hibák kijavítására az 1600-as évek óta törekednek, de az egy napnál lényegesen rövidebb mintavételi periódusú adatokhoz csak nemrégiben készültek korrekciós eljárások. Csapadékra vonatkozó ismereteink elsősorban történeti adatokon alapulnak. A történeti adatok alatt itt az analóg adatrögzítő eszközökkel (csapadékírókkal) mért adatsorokat értjük, továbbá azokat a diszkrét adatokat, amelyek egy percnél lényegesen hosszabb mintavételnek megfelelően kerültek rögzítésre. Az ilyen jellegű adatokat jellemzően az 1990-es évekig szerezték be. Ma a csapadékintenzitás meghatározásához csaknem mindig egyperces mintázást alkalmaznak, szinte kizárólag digitális formátumban, leegyszerűsítve az adatfeldolgozást. A történeti egy napon belüli adatokat általában nem korrigálták, így a mérési hibák a csapadékintenzitás statisztikájában (IDF görbék) is megjelennek. A közlemény bemutatja a csapadékmérés és a csapadékintenzitás mérés történetét, valamint a hibák megállapítására és kijavítására tett erőfeszítéseket. Bemutatunk néhány régebbi csapadékadat rögzítő berendezéshez kifejlesztett adatkorrekciós eljárást, valamint a hosszabb mintavételi idővel kapott adatok kiegészítő korrekcióját. Rámutatunk az adatok hosszú mintavételi periódusból adódó problémájára is, becsülve annak hatását. Elmondható, hogy mindezek a hibák alacsonyabb csapadékintenzitást eredményeznek, mint ami a tényleges csapadékintenzitás volt a mérési időszakokban. A pontatlan referenciaadatok akadályozzák a jelenségek megértését, valamint a klímaváltozással kapcsolatos feltételezések megfelelő igazolását. A bemutatott új eljárások a témában végzett doktori kutatás eredményeként születtek és megfelelő eszközt adnak még akkor is, ha annak egyes elemei tekintetében csak statisztikai becslés alkalmazása lehetséges az adatkorrekció végrehajtásához.
Paleolimnológiai módszerek alkalmazásának korlátai sekély állóvizek esetében
Authors: Jakab Jázmin , Böjthe Andrea Clara , Soltész Andor Gergő , Korponai János , Gyulai István
Published: June 2023

Világszerte egyre inkább növekednek az aszályos időszakok, jelentősen csökkentek az állóvizeink vízszintjei. Paleolimnológiai vizsgálatok esetében az állóvizek üledékének tanulmányozása folyik, melynek segítségével a múltban lejátszódott folyamatok, illetve környezeti hatások elemzésére adódik lehetőség. Paleolimnológiai kutatások során, amikor az üledékben megőrződött szervezetek maradványait, beleértve a Cladocera maradványokat vizsgáljuk, a meder legmélyebb részéről szoktunk üledék mintát venni, mert a legmélyebb pontra sodródnak össze a maradványok. Hazánkban azonban a legnagyobb számban sekély vízterek fordulnak elő, így vizsgálatunk célja az volt, hogy megnézzük, sekély vízterek esetében célszerűbb lenne-e a több mintavételi pont kijelölése? A mintavételekre hat vízteret jelöltünk ki és mindegyik víztérből három mintát vettünk, úgy, hogy a mintavételi helyek legalább 75-100 m távolságban helyezkedjenek el egymástól. A medrekben a habitatok is hasonlóak voltak. Az eredmények azt mutatták, hogy egymástól 100 méteres távolságban lévő mintavételi ponton is különböző Cladocera egyedszámok és fajszámok azonosíthatók.
Quality of life of Aruban Schoolchildren: Pathways to well-being and problem behavior within the context of school
Authors: Slotboom A. , Kibbelaar P. , Hendriks J.
Published: June 2023

In deze studie combineren we een kwalitatieve verkenning van een aantal samenhangende thema's die de ontwikkeling van kinderen beïnvloeden, gezien door de ogen van school medewerkers, met een kwantitatieve verkenning van deze thema's zoals waargenomen door de kinderen zelf. Op basis van het kwalitatieve deelonderzoek blijkt dat scholen vooral verwijzen naar opvoedings- en buurtproblemen, die het welbevinden en probleemgedrag van het kind beïnvloeden. Daarnaast kampen scholen zelf met financiële beperkingen en taalproblemen en beperkte ouderparticipatie op school. Uit het kwantitatieve deelonderzoek blijkt dat individuele en relationele factoren de sterkste voorspellers zijn voor welzijn. Probleemgedrag wordt voorspeld door individuele, school, peer- en buurtfactoren. Waar leerlingen de buurt iets minder bepalend vinden voor hun eigen welbevinden, wordt probleemgedrag beïnvloed door meerdere sociale contexten. Naast de betekenis die scholen geven aan de verschillende sociale contexten rond het kind, laten kinderen zien dat het goed is om op verschillende manieren rekening te houden met deze contexten. Individuele en relationele factoren versterken lijkt van belang voor het vergroten van welbevinden terwijl naast individuele factoren, aandacht voor het gedrag van vrienden en ervaringen in de buurt eveneens van belang lijkt voor het verminderen van probleemgedrag.
Cultural Sensitivity: Guidelines for Qualitative Research
Authors: Lie-A-Ling H. J. M. , Zuurbier P. H. , Roopnarine J. L. , Lindauer L. R.
Published: June 2023

Culturele diversiteit tussen onderzoekers en deelnemers kan in verband worden gebracht met culturele bias die de betrouwbaarheid en validiteit van studies afzwakken en doelgroepen tekort doet. Deze methodologische nota speelt in op het gebrek aan standaarden voor culturele sensitiviteit in kwalitatief onderzoek in het sociale domein in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, het Nederlands Caraïben, Suriname en Vlaanderen. Op basis van een literatuuronderzoek en illustraties van good en inconvenient practices uit een casestudie zijn richtlijnen voor cultuur sensitiviteit in fasen van kwalitatief onderzoek geformuleerd. De richtlijnen benadrukken het belang van het ontwikkelen van culturele sensitiviteit op het niveau van onderzoekers, instituten en vooral door leden van de doelgroep te betrekken bij alle fasen van onderzoek. Tot slot wordt de reikwijdte van de richtlijnen aangegeven en wordt het belang van een integrale evaluatie benadrukt.
The Degree of the Secondary Schools Principals' Practice of Management by Wandering Around from Teachers' Point of View in Zarqa Governorate
Authors: Al Mghayar Ruba
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to investigate the degree of practicing management by wandering for secondary school principals in the Directorate of Education for the first Zarqa region from the teachers’ point of view, and to determine whether there are statistically differences between the average responses of the sample of the study attributed to these variables: gender, specialization, age, years of experience, and academic qualification. A sample of (369) teachers was selected randomly, and the descriptive approach was applied. The researcher developed a questionnaire to collect the required data. The results showed that the degree of practicing management by wandering among secondary school principals was moderate, and that there were no statistically significant differences due to the variables of gender, specialization, and age; however, there were statistically significant differences due to the academic qualification in favor of teachers with higher degrees, and years of experience in favor of teachers with more than ten years’ experience.
فكرة الدولة بين النظرية الإسلامية والنظرية الغربية: (ابن خلدون وهوبز أنموذجا)
Authors: العرقان عبد الله
Published: June 2023

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أصل نشوء الدولة وآلياتها وأهدافها في فكر كل من ابن خلدون وتوماس هوبز، والفرق بينهما مع استجلاء الواقع العلمي التطبيقي لفكر الدولة بين النظريتين الإسلامية والغربية وللوصول إلى نتائج ذات أثر واقعي، استخدم الباحث المنهج التاريخي ومنهج تحليل المضمون والمنهج المقارن. وكذلك برزت مشكلة الدراسة في سؤالها الرئيس والذي تم الإجابة عنه والذي تم فيه مقارنة فكر ابن خلدون وهوبز في فكرة الدولة.
التقييم الشرعي والمالي للجمعيات التعاونية في محافظة إربد
Authors: طنش خلود , هـزايمـه فـرح
Published: June 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى بيان واقع الجمعيات التعاونية في محافظة إربد، وتقييم صيغ التمويل المستخدمة فيها شرعياً ومالياً، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: أن للجمعيات التعاونية دوراً بالغ الأهمية في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، وذلك من خلال البرامج والمشاريع التي أنجزتها تلك الجمعيات. وأن صيغة المرابحة للآمر بالشراء، وصيغة القروض الميسرة في صورتها الثانية، والمطبقة في الجمعيات التعاونية منضبطة شرعياً، مع وجود بعض المخالفات الشرعية في الصورة الأولى من القروض الميسّرة المطبقة في الجمعيات التعاونية، ومن حيث الكفاءة المالية فإن الجمعية المتحدة التعاونية تمتاز بكفاءة مالية عالية. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة توظيف الكوادر الفنية المؤهلة لإدارة الجمعيات التعاونية، والعمل على نشر الفكر التعاوني في المجتمع.
The rational Evidence that the Holy Qur’an Used to Prove Physical Resurrection and Respond to the Doubts of the Deniers
Authors: Alma'aitah Qais
Published: June 2023

This study tackles a very important topic, which is an old and new topic. Many have denied physical resurrection after death in the past, and there are still those who deny the physical resurrection of materialists and existentialists. Many studies attempted to address the issue of resurrection, but what distinguished this study is that it discusses the mental evidence that the Holy Qur’an used in proving the physical resurrection, where the researcher supposes that the Holy Qur’an provided us with a distinct approach and a unique method that addresses the mind and evokes conscience in proving the issue of physical resurrection and will try to prove it. The study then reviews the Quranic verses to respond to the deniers of the Physical resurrection and reviews the opinions of senior scholars on the interpretation of these Qur’anic verses. One of the most important results of this research is that what the Holy Qur’an tells us about the Last Day and what is related to it detailed and clarified all of its stages and gave various evidence and proofs on the possibility of resurrection in general, in addition to the physical resurrection, its necessity, and obligation as one of the firm foundations of belief.
Front Matter
Authors: Front Matter
Published: June 2023

CROSSINGS: A Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB)crossings@ulab.edu.bdVolume 11 | September 2020 | ISSN 2071–1107
Editorial note
Authors: Editorial Note
Published: June 2023

CROSSINGS: A Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB)crossings@ulab.edu.bdVolume 11 | September 2020 | ISSN 2071–1107
Note to contributors
Authors: Note to contributors
Published: June 2023

CROSSINGS: A Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB)crossings@ulab.edu.bdVolume 11 | September 2020 | ISSN 2071–1107
The Micropolitics of Class and Class Consciousness:
Authors: Rahman S A M Raihanur
Published: June 2023

In classical Marxism, the logic of class struggle is located in the antagonism between two major classes of the capitalist system. However, the “agrarian question,” and uneven development of capitalism across the globe – along with colonial and postcolonial realities – have problematized the bipolar idea of class and revolutionary politics. Bangladeshi writer Akhtaruzzaman Elias’ fictions embody the contradictions arising from the disparity between the structural dimension of class and its articulation in emancipatory movements. This paper, focusing its investigation on Elias’ magnum opus Khoabnama, explores the micropolitical and dynamic dimensions of class by addressing Elias’ depiction of the inner contradictions of subjective experiences and internal dialectics of class struggle. The micrological divisions within a class and the implications associated with such divisions are outlined here. Besides, the paper also offers an organic understanding of class consciousness which develops from the subjective experience of exploitation and resistance and the negotiation with the immanent potential of social transformation.
The Abolition of Gender
Authors: Biswas Pooja Mittal
Published: June 2023

This paper studies a contemporary example of postgender science fiction, The Cage of Zeus by Sayuri Ueda. Postgenderism, a cultural movement towards the deconstruction of the gender binary, is often assisted in science fiction by postgender technologies such as reprogenetics or advanced bioengineering that alter the human body and its social perceptions beyond simple binary categorization. My paper will explore how, in the world of The Cage of Zeus, postgender technologies are used in an attempt to build an ideal postgender society in which binary gender no longer exists. However, the attempt ultimately fails, because those very postgender technologies undermine their own purpose by inadvertently promoting binary thinking. The paper is organized into three broad sections; the first section introduces postgenderism, the second section offers an overview of postgenderism in speculative fiction, and the third section engages deeply with the postgender technologies and world-building of The Cage of Zeus itself.
Distress, Duress and Dichotomy:
Authors: Ghoshal Atmadeep , Roy Anjali Gera
Published: June 2023

The sociology of everyday life is a paradigm of theoretical orientation. The complexities of the everyday life of the social actors exhibit more than what is there in the framework of the apparent reality and help in constructing a fulfilling and applicable idea about the social actors. This essay aims to examine such complexities in the fabric of the everyday lives of the scroll painters of Naya, a village in West Midnapore district of West Bengal which are exhibited and expressed in various forms and ways. Th rough examining the social space of Naya that constitutes the lifeworld of the scroll painters and their spatial identity, this essay aims to understand the transformative lifeworld of the scroll painters to argue that the social space of the village acts as an invisible force of the institutionalization of innovation, ingenuity, and integrity
Modes of Media:
Authors: Farhat Nazah
Published: June 2023

The objective of this paper is to discuss the features and functions of the semiotic resources used in Bangladeshi television reports. Although the verbal mode is usually considered one of the primary modes of communication, all communication is essentially multimodal in nature. Television news reports are a combination of such multiple styles, for they deliver a meaning by integrating various linguistic and non-linguistic modes. Linguistic modes such as words, sounds, sentences, and so on are used in the speech of the report. On the other hand, non-linguistic modes such as moving images, background music, colors, and elements alike are chosen to complement the linguistic modes. Therefore, it is important to investigate how these modes are combined and the role they play in the process of meaning-making. This research analyzes three Bangladeshi television news reports using Michael Halliday’s theoretical framework of metafunctions to understand how these multiple modes are combined to make complete meaning. From this research, it is evident that the linguistic and non-linguistic modes used in television reports require a careful selection to be aligned with the professional variety of broadcast journalism.
Rise of Humanistic Education:
Authors: Tasnim Zarin , Ahmed Risala
Published: June 2023

This theoretical paper aims to explore the concept of the humanistic approach in the field of teacher education. Humanistic education is concerned with the study of learners’ emotions, knowledge, and experiences involved in their learning process. According to this approach, students should be viewed as “humans,” not as “machines” as they are the most crucial part of the education system. The curriculum and syllabus should focus on the students’ interests, needs, and overall learning circumstances. In humanistic teaching, students are perceived as active beings, not “robots” who are supposed to follow the teacher’s orders without any justification or challenge. Teachers’ roles in humanistic education are to cater support to the students considering several learner factors and guiding them to reach the highest point of autonomous learning. Therefore, the humanistic approach needs to be adapted in the academic field for ensuring practical learning and mutual respect between teachers and students. The paper is organized into three sections. First, it explores the origin and evolution of the humanistic movement in education. Secondly, a detailed account of the basic principles and teacher roles in humanistic education is provided. Finally, the paper discusses its implications in ELT and existing complications regarding this approach.
Editorial note
Authors: Editorial Note
Published: June 2023

CROSSINGS: A Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB)crossings@ulab.edu.bdVolume 13, No. 2 | December 2022 | ISSN 2071–1107
Note to contributors
Authors: Note to contributors
Published: June 2023

CROSSINGS: A Journal of English StudiesDepartment of English and HumanitiesUniversity of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB)crossings@ulab.edu.bdVolume 13, No. 2 | December 2022 | ISSN 2071–1107
The Dialogue of a Literary Artist with His Art:
Authors: Garuba Issa Omotosho
Published: June 2023

The world of Olu Obafemi’s artistry is indisputably definable within the frameworks of social functionality and commitment which fundamentally underlie artistic creativity in Africa. Specifically, his artistic commitment has been situated within the conceptual frameworks of vision and revolution; that is, the vision for a better nation believed to be attainable through measures to revolutionize the unwholesome socio-political and economic development in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, this study contextualizes the craft of Obafemi’s play, Running Dreams, as a psychological manifestation of the playwright’s frustration with the system that has reflected no significant improvement in spite of his decades of artistic commitment to the yearnings and aspirations of the populace. The writing process is, therefore, construed as a psychotherapeutic process through which the playwright is able to purge himself of the psychological disturbances from which he presumably suffers. It adopts psychotherapy in psychoanalysis, using the specific conceptual frameworks of substitute gratification and transference. The study concludes that the nationalist consciousness and “unconsciousness” (psychological) of Olu Obafemi is immense, with Running Dreams not only assuming the macrocosm of his unconscious (dreams) wish fulfillment for the nation but also the overall summation of his passionate commitment to having a new nation which evidently cuts across his entire creative output and scholarly works.
Sonority across Languages:
Authors: Haque Mohammed Shahedul , Jannat Fatema Tuj
Published: June 2023

His paper presents a contrastive perspective on the front monophthongs in Spanish and English. Applying the quantitative contrastive method designed and used in the researchers’ earlier works of 2015 and 2019, we highlight the contrast between Spanish and English front monophthongs from a zonal frame of reference in the oral tact, and proceed to offer insight about the comparative levels of learner stress and difficulty that English speaking learners of Spanish and Spanish speaking learners of English as a foreign language will probably experience while attaining accuracy in the acquisition of their target vowel systems. The facts that English and Spanish front monophthongs are more different than similar (71.43: 28.57) and the acquisition workload is greater (80:50) for Spanish speaking learners of English have been established in this study. In addition, English speaking learners of Spanish will need to generate a greater degree (80:50) of substratum counter influence than Spanish speaking learners of English for the accurate acquisition of their target vowels. Although both types of learners can transfer an equal number of vowel sounds from their L1 inventories, the ratio is not the same (20:50) and the study indicates that English speaking learners of Spanish in general will probably experience a slightly greater degree of articulatory stress in attaining perfection in the pronunciation of the target system.
Sexuality and the Fiction of R. K. Narayan
Authors: Alam Fakrul
Published: June 2023

This essay depicts R. K. Narayan as a writer intricately and intensely involved with a changing India by looking at his treatment of sexuality in his fiction. It reveals a writer who is able to represent sexual proclivities in Malgudi subtly as well as comprehensively. The essay argues that in Narayan’s fiction. women increasingly display their dissatisfaction with prevailing sexual norms and attempt to negotiate a new role for themselves where they can respond to the sexual overtures of men they like in their own terms without giving up their quest for self-fulfillment. Orr the other hand, it argues that Narayan sees male sexuality as insidious, disruptive and uncontrollable. In tact, the essay shows that the plots of quite a few of Narayan’s novels depict male sexuality as a fundamentally unsettling phenomenon and suggests that many of his narratives are constructed to reveal it as constituting a threat to the status quo.
R.K. Narayan’s Attitude Towards the ENGLISH Language:
Authors: Maniruzraman M. , Rahman M. Mamunur
Published: June 2023

This paper intends to examine R.K. Narayan’s attitude towards the English language as reflected in his essays. Narayan (1906-2001) was born and grew up in a period when English, education was already institutionalised in the Indian Sub-continent. Like other Indian writers in English, such as Raja Rao and Mulk Raj Anand, he received English education and used to write in English from the beginning of his literary career up to the end. However, he is seen to have used the English language through his fiction to scrutinize colonialism and depict the Indian society continually under change due to the colonial rule. A part of this endeavor seems to be evident in Narayan’s attitude towards the English language. Narayan’s position in this regard is deemed quite ambivalent and complex – he is aware that English is the language of the colonist, yet he is found to have accepted it for .practical reasons. That is, his attitude towards the English language appears to have resulted from and shaped by the reality prevailing in the postcolonial setting.
The Scarlet Letter and New England’s Witchcraft Beliefs
Authors: Choudhury Zareen
Published: June 2023

The witch trials and the mass execution of women branded as witches throughout the 17th century New England were meant to serve an ideology designed for the world the Puritans were attempting to create. The Puritan witchcraft beliefs are inextricably related with their religious and social word-view as well as with their negative image of woman. Witches were the most powerful symbol of human evil—seductive and threatening to the moral and social order. Witchcraft has compelled the attention of a long and almost continuous line of American writers, Nathaniel Hawthorne being one of them. The Scarlet Letter, set against the background of the 17th century Puritan New England, deals mostly with the guilt-ridden aspect of human psyche and the Puritan society’s unredemptive doctrine of sin and punishment. However, the frequent references to witches, to the Black Man in connection with the dense forest, to the historical witch figures like Hutchinson and Hibbens, connect the novel with the dark episode of the Puritan witchcraft. The constant presence of the witch in both physical and spiritual form throughout the novel shows that Hawthorne refers to these supernatural beings not merely as a passive element of his novel’s plot, but rather as a strong component of the historical context in which the story of the novel unfolds itself. it makes the novel an even more authentic document of the Puritan era. My paper attempts to explore, in the context of The Scarlet Letter, the much condemned yet an inseparable chapter of the New England history-the witchcraft beliefs and how they had justified and at the same time subverted the Founders’ vision and their goals.
The Use of Land in Momaday’s House Made of Dawn and Silko’s Ceremony
Authors: Mortuza Shamsad
Published: June 2023

Both Natachee Scott Momaday and Leslie Marmon Silko ale American Indian storytellers. Their stories involve a narrative based on the people and place that exist in the archetypal consciousness of the American southwest. On the surface, these stories are concerned with spiritual, hence apolitical, atonement. The recognition and accolades from the mainstream for these two writers of ethnic origins are tinged with possibilities of patronization: Momaday is the first male and Silko is the first female American Indian authors to receive Pulitzer Prizes. Their recognition in the late sixties and early seventies can be justified in terms of the general swinging mood after the Civil Rights Movement. However, without taking any credit from these two authors, it can be argued that the strength of these two authors lie in identifying the evil in the white encroachment and the violation of the land. The spiritual healings of the protagonists of Momaday’s House Made of Dawn and Silko’s Ceremony come through their return to the traditional ways that are ultimately rooted in the land. At a deeper level, these narratives engage critically with the political treaties that reduce the first nation and the rightful owners of the land as mere ethnic minorities. Hence, the stories offered by these two authors are alternative discourses in which the ownership of land assumes new meaning, which demands a redefinition of morality. The purpose of this paper is to explore the political dimension of the treatment of land in two pioneering Native American texts, and understand as to why spiritual healing features so prominently in these two authors with their supposed apolitical and pseudo-religious overtone.
Book Review
Authors: Mohit Ul Alam Mohit Ul Alam
Published: June 2023

Keeping in view the motto of Crossings being dedicated to generate discussions on cultural interfacing, I’ve included in this Book Review section my commentary on a review, published in the London Review of Books, of a book by Naipaul, and two reviews by myself, one on Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake, and another on Shirshendu’s travelogue on his tour of America
“Some Qualities of Permanence”:
Authors: Alam Fakrul
Published: June 2023

How good is Tagore’s English prose’? If Tagore himself is to be believed. not good at all! And yet, it must be remembered it has his own 1912 English renderings of his poems in prose, Gitanjali (Songs Offerings) that brought him instant worldwide recognition. It is important to note too that Tagore continued to produce memorable works in English every now and then for almost three decades. We have to only think of a letter like the one he wrote renouncing his knighthood or works such as Nationalism or The Religion of Man ourselves that his achievement in English prose is by no means negligible. Indeed, within a few years of his Gitanjali work, Tagore indicates in a letter that he had actually begun to overcome his limitations and to savor “the wonderful power” of English prose (letter to J. D. Anderson). In the last decade of his life, he was even willing to concede that his prose had managed “to attain some quality of permanence” after the initial help and advice he had got from people like W. B. Yeats and Thomas Sturge Moore and the encouragement he had received from his good friend William Rothenstein. The purpose of this paper is to show how the best of Tagore’s English prose managed to attain “some qualities of permanence” in English because of the artistry with which he used the English language. It will attempt to demonstrate how Tagore endeavored to use the English language flexibly and imaginatively and how he was able to wield the language in diverse ways to suit the occasion, the audience, or the form of expression he had chosen. In the process, I hope to produce a thorough revaluation of Tagore’s contribution to English prose and affirm the value of his prose writings in our time.
The Sociocultural Model:
Authors: Ahmad Zakia
Published: June 2023

The sociocultural theory has been largely influenced by the Russian psychologist, Lev S. Vygotsky’s research and findings of the role of interaction in the development of children and the “workings of the human mind. This paper starts with an outline of Vygotsky’s theory which is the basis of and crucial to the understanding of the theory. It draws on all the tenets of Vygotsky’s theory which have formed the basis of sociocultural theory in the field of education in the recent years. The paper then moves on to analyse how the concept of ‘mediation’ has been adopted to second language learning and teaching with reference to some recent studies undertaken in the field. Suggestions have been made as to how this concept can be useful 1br teaching English to tertiary level students at private universities.
Shakespeare’s Great Tragedies
Authors: Islam Md. Shafiqul
Published: June 2023

Mohit Ul Alam has accomplished a splendid job for those who want to read Shakespeare’s great tragedies in Bangla. He completed with virtuosity his arduous but praiseworthy task by presenting us with Bangla renditions of Shakespeare’s great plays in one edition: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth…
Humanity in Tagore’s Short Stories
Authors: Abdullah Al Mamun Abdullah Al Mamun
Published: June 2023

This paper attempts to illustrate the magnanimity with which Tagore portrays some of the great characters of his short stories. It highlights the deep love and affection that brought him closer to his fellow men and women and how he assessed the people of different races and social status and those steeped in pains and poverty. The paper throws light on Tagore’s art of characterization by referring to some of his universally appealing characters who are found facing and fighting many social and existential battles. The paper further explores Tagore’s deep insight into their daily battles as the cornerstone of his art, which paints fictional characters with profound touches of humanity. The paper finally provides an assessment of Tagore’s persistent feeling of sympathy and his anti-racist stand which make him a revolutionary humanist. His in-depth observation of human sufferings and concern for mankind produce such characters as Hoimonti, Kabuliwala, Ratan and many more moving characters who will continue to resonate for generations in human minds.
Projection of Women in Disgrace Lucy Lurie:
Authors: Shameem Musarrat
Published: June 2023

J. M. Coetzee’s novel Disgrace mainly focuses on the violent coexistence of the blacks and the whites in South Africa. A parallel theme, however, that runs through the novel shows the women Characters of the novel as yet another inferior race biologically vulnerable. This process of subjugation basically rests on the view that women are physical entities before anything else which puts emphasis on their sexual role over everything else. The central consciousness of the novel David Lurie retains that the female body of women matters more than the spirit inside. Seen through his eyes, the women in this novel appear to be entities whose identities are constructed by an onlooker rather than by themselves. This questionable construction of identity not only proves women to be vulnerable but also proves them as people whose bodily existence overshadows their cerebral faculties. The characters are projected as being acted upon in the context of the novel. Again, the issue of the re[1]presentation of women shares an intricate fabric of a broader social and cultural perspective with other issues like their position and empowerment. This projection, however, is proved to be dubious through Lucy Lurie, one major female character of the novel who successfully creates an independent self-defying construction of herself. This article focuses on the representation of women it Disgrace along with the resistance against this representation offered by Lucy.
Postcolonial Study of Cameron’s Avatar
Authors: Khan Md. Sadat Zaman
Published: June 2023

James Cameron’s Avatar (2010) is a movie based on the experiences of different paradigms of post colonialism which emerge as a reaction to the colonial discourses in the history of theory. Post colonial discourse aims at re-reading any text that “… directly addresses the experience of Empire” (Mcleod 2007: 33).It is also “concerned with the workings and legacy of colonialism” (Mcleod 2007: 33). Avatar has been screened with the realities of the colonial history where we discover two groups–oppressors and oppressed. Post colonialism, with its multifarious characteristics, enables us to examine the movie in multidimensional ways. It looks at the colonial discourse as designed by the invaders in the movie and at the same time, it is also critical to the colonial discourse.
Informative Travels:
Authors: Rabbi Shakil
Published: June 2023

Travel writing has played an active role in the discourse of colonialism and the aggrandizements of European empires since the Renaissance. In her book Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Multiculturalism, noted critic Mary Louise Pratt observes that the sentimental travel writings which accompany colonial appropriations functioned as a way of capital infiltrations into the ‘contact zone’ and that even passive European travel writers rely on and extend the reach of colonizing structures. She also observes that the passive travel writers go through a form of anti-conquest based on reciprocity, which function as spreading points of the imperialist economy into the textual landscape of the ‘contact zone’. But the revisions brought about in episteme by post[1]structuralism (more specifically post-colonialism) over the last fifty years have problematized older – or traditional – methods of representation of the ‘contact zone’ in travel-writing. By looking at travel pieces by Pico Iyer, Vikram Seth, and Amitav Gosh in the context of arguments and theories developed by critics such as Said, Bhabha, Lyotard, Pratt, etc., I propose to show how the new hybridized travel writers consciously historicize the ‘contact zones’ they write on (making them texts-in-context), represent the ubiquitous hybrid or mutt presences, and show a form of local determinism and resistance which fits within what Lyotard dubs postmodern paralogy.