bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação e diversidade no contexto das escolas pública de Manaus
Authors: Guedes Regilson Gomes
Published: June 2024

Na atualidade a educaçao dentro do contexto da adversidade ainda é um desafio para as escolas publicas, nesse sentido, o objtivo geral deste estudo é investigar sobre a educação e diversidade no contexto das escolas públicas de manaus. E tem como objetivos específicos: Analizar a existência ou não das políticas sobre a diversidade nas escolas públicas de ensino médio de Manaus; destacar as prática das políticas de inclusão dos LGBTQIA+ dentro do contexto escolar; verificar se os professores receberam alguma capacitação sobre identidade de gênero e sexualidade durante seu periodo de formaçao acadêmica e profissional. Metodología, trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo. O estudo mostrou que os professores tem dificuldades de colocar em prática as políticas de inclusão dos LGBTQIA+ dentro do contexto escolar, restando claro, em suas falas, que o sistema educacional do estado do Amazonas padece de capacitação e informações sobre as formas de debater os assuntos relacionados a identidade de gênero e sexualidade no ambiente escolar, sem se deparar com conflitos, principalmente vindo do núcleo familiar dos alunos. Entretanto, mesmo sem esse aporte necessário para possibilitar o aprofundamento das temáticas no espaço escolar, alguns professores demonstram trabalhar a questão identidade de gênero e a da diversidade sexual de algum modo, mantendo assim a inclusão dos alunos. Todavia, alguns relataram não se sentir confortável em tratar esses conteúdos, para eles são temas complicados de se trabalhar em sala de aula, e que se sentiriam mais confortáveis se dispusessem de uma capacitação para se trabalhar tal temática.
O uso de opioides nos cuidados paliativos oncológicos: Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Rosa Vitória Rodrigues Franco da , Pereira Estela Rezende , Canaan Júnia Flávia Aparecida Pereira , Pereira Larissa Mirelle de Oliveira
Published: June 2024

Introdução: A dor representa uma consequência frequente, tanto do processo patológico do câncer, como advinda do seu tratamento. O manejo da dor oncológica exige uma abordagem multidisciplinar e integralizada, de forma que o cuidado seja individualizado e supervisionado continuamente, uma vez que a grande maioria dos pacientes necessitam da utilização de opioides. Objetivo: Analisar o papel dos opioides, nas diferentes estratégias para o manejo da dor oncológica, em pacientes paliativos. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Resultados: Foram selecionados 20 estudos para composição do presente estudo, abrangendo 10 países diferentes e diversas metodologias, como estudos transversais, randomizados, estudos de coorte e série de casos. Discussão: A dor é uma queixa frequente dos pacientes oncológicos que estão em cuidados paliativos. Os protocolos assistenciais preconizam a utilização dos opioides como primeira linha de analgesia nos quadros graves, havendo a possibilidade de flexibilizar e escalonar o tratamento de acordo com a necessidade. Além disso, outras drogas estão sendo testadas para serem utilizadas como adjuvantes, o que pode melhorar a experiência de manejo do quadro álgico. Considerações Finais: Os cuidados paliativos são essenciais no manejo do câncer, visando melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente e dos familiares. Uma abordagem integrada e multidisciplinar é necessária para gerenciar a dor oncológica, considerando seus diversos impactos. Ajustes na dosagem de opioides e o uso de outras classes de medicamentos são investigadas para melhorar o alívio da dor.
Cannabis medicinal na gestão da dor crônica: Uma revisão de literatura narrativa
Authors: Assing Hélen , Nascimento Julia Viana do , Lemos Junior Paulo André Bardini , Souza Marilucia de , Felisberto Alessandra Jonck , Henrique Yasmim Basílio , Pereira Gustavo José Vasco
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Esta revisão tem como objetivo examinar a literatura científica atual sobre o uso da cannabis medicinal no tratamento da dor crônica, investigando os efeitos dos canabinoides, sua eficácia, segurança, mecanismos de ação e potencial terapêutico. Busca-se contribuir para uma melhor compreensão e aplicação clínica da cannabis medicinal como opção de tratamento para pacientes com dor crônica. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura narrativa, utilizando dados disponíveis em bases como LILACS, PubMed e BVS, com cruzamento dos descritores "dor crônica", "cannabis", "cannabis medicinal" e "farmacocinética" em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: A fisiopatologia da dor crônica é complexa, envolvendo interações neurais e neuroimunes, e está associada a condições como estresse, ansiedade e depressão. A cannabis medicinal, especialmente o CBD, demonstra potencial analgésico e anti-inflamatório, mas são necessárias mais pesquisas para confirmar sua eficácia e segurança. Conclusão: A complexidade do uso de compostos da cannabis no tratamento da dor crônica é evidenciada. Embora haja promessas em relação ao THC e ao CBD, ainda há falta de dados sobre mecanismos, eficácia e segurança. Uma abordagem cautelosa, baseada em estudos clínicos e integrada a estratégias de tratamento mais amplas e individualizadas, é fundamental para orientar o uso clínico dessas substâncias.
A atuação do Enfermeiro na prevenção do diabetes gestacional na Atenção Básica
Authors: Cardoso Antonia Aldeni Miranda , Padilha Gessica de Oliveira , Costa Gustavo Pantoja da , Silva Janny Kelly Santos , Ramos Jessica Joseli Ribeiro
Published: June 2024

Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional - DMG, se dá pela ocorrência de hiperglicemia, ao acúmulo de glicose no sangue de mulheres que estão no período de gravidez. Essa ocorrência, dar-se ao defeito na secreção ou na ação da insulina, hormônio esse que é produzido no órgão pancreático por meio das células betas. Objetivo: Conhecer as estratégias usadas pelo enfermeiro da atenção básica na prevenção do diabetes gestacional. Metodologia: Revisão Narrativa, por meio de uma abordagem descritiva e análise qualitativa. Resultados: identificando a seleção de artigos de revistas, livros, anais e portal, utilizados para compor o corpo textual. Assim, foram utilizados 3 livros de metodologia científica, uma consulta em um portal, um acervo de um anal e 15 artigos de revistas no período de 2019- 2023). Considerações Finais: Atenção Primária, o profissional da enfermagem, têm quer ser qualificado e ter treinamento para o atendimento dos cuidados de enfermagem para a gestantes e o feto, mesmo como o manejo desenvolvido pela Atenção Básica, carece de maior vínculo entre o profissional, a família e gestante.
A importância do enfermeiro no pré-natal durante o acompanhamento de mulheres com diabetes gestacional
Authors: Sousa Idália Costa de
Published: June 2024

O Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional - DMG, é definido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como uma patologia com ocorrência de intolerância aos carboidratos no organismo humano cujo excesso de nutrientes podem causar elevados níveis de glicose na corrente sanguínea. A DMG é considerada como um problema de saúde pública, têm prevalência de 1 a 14% atingindo a gestante e o feto durante o período de gestação. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo: Conscientizar sobre a importância da assistência ao Pré-natal, e como o acompanhamento precoce ajuda ao diagnóstico de possíveis complicações geradas por Diabetes Gestacional no decorrer da gravidez. Metodologia: pesquisa trata de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa, de cunho descritivo, desenvolvida através de artigos científicos e revistas. Resultados: Sendo selecionado de início 36 periódicos e após leitura de resumos, foram descartados 16 periódicos, restando 20 periódicos para compor a seleção. Considerações Finais: O estudo, identificou o quanto a Diabetes Gestacional traz complicações para a mulher e para o feto, sendo necessário que o atendimento ao Pré-natal, seja feita de maneira precoce, por um profissional de enfermagem, que visa contribuir através de orientações e esclarecimento de dúvidas, buscando o diagnosticando precocemente sobre diversas patologias, e estando à frente diretamente na prevenção e tratamento da Diabetes gestacional por meio das políticas de saúde da mulher.
Farmácia no contexto de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência e Emergência
Authors: Vieira Vanessa Cesca , Pereira Gustavo José Vasco
Published: June 2024

A compreensão dos termos urgência e emergência é essencial para decisões clínicas eficazes. Urgência refere-se a situações que necessitam de atenção rápida, mas não imediata, enquanto emergência implica uma ameaça iminente à vida que requer intervenção imediata. Este estudo revisa a literatura sobre o papel do farmacêutico no Atendimento Móvel de Urgência e Emergência (SAMU) e outros serviços móveis de saúde, destacando como esses profissionais contribuem para a segurança e eficácia dos cuidados aos pacientes em situações críticas. Neste sentido, a presença de um farmacêutico se faz de modo fundamental, na estrutura de apoio aos pacientes, sobretudo, ao se considerar sua atuação na análise de prescrições médicas, visando garantir a segurança do paciente e efetividade de um dado tratamento. Entendendo a relevância do farmacêutico no atendimento à saúde, a pesquisa transita por considerações acerca do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU); da Atenção Farmacêutica, através de boas práticas em serviços de saúde; da resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC nº44, de 17 de agosto de 2009) e da prestação de serviços farmacêuticos na dinâmica de urgência e emergência. Para a condução desta pesquisa, foram utilizadas informações provenientes de uma revisão bibliográfica, englobando livros, artigos científicos e revistas. Como resultados e discussões, a pesquisa considerou 10 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2016-2023, dos quais apresentaram relevância ao discutirem o objetivo proposto, sobre o papel do farmacêutico no contexto do SAMU e outros serviços móveis de saúde. Concluiu-se que os estudos acerca da atuação dos/as farmacêuticos/as ainda são rasos, ao se analisar a literatura brasileira. Porém, observou-se que quando se tem a atuação deste profissional disponível nos atendimentos de serviço a saúde, a população se torna melhor amparada, com destaque para uma boa qualidade de vida.
As Políticas Educacionais de Educação Profissional e Tecnológicas (EPT) no Brasil e na Bahia: Apontamentos
Authors: Mendes Luciana Canário , Silva Clauber Teixeira da
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar, de forma panorâmica, a trajetória das políticas educacionais de educação profissional no Brasil, bem como apontar as perspectivas desta modalidade de ensino no Estado da Bahia. Para isso, adotamos como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter bibliográfico e documental. No que concerne a revisão bibliográfica recorremos aos estudos de Azevedo (2004), Saviani (2007), Shiroma; Coan (2012), Castro (2020), dentre outros; dentre as fontes documentais, utilizamos a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, nº 9394/1996 e, em âmbito regional, as Orientações para análise de custos na Educação Profissional (2012), Educação Profissional da Bahia e Territórios de Identidade: volumes I (2012) e  II (2014), Relatório do Fórum de Educação Profissional da Bahia (2011), Anuário da Educação Profissional do Estado da Bahia e a Cartilha de Educação Profissional (2018), dentre outros. Pela observação dos aspectos analisados, destacamos a necessidade de uma ação conjunta de todos os segmentos da sociedade no intuito de minimizar a distância entre os dispositivos legais e o cotidiano escolar.
Development of examination objectives for the Korean paramedic and emergency medical technician examination: a survey study
Authors: Uhm Tai-hwan , Choi Heakyung , Hong Seok Hwan , Kim Hyungsub , Kang Minju , Kim Keunyoung , Seo Hyejin , Ki Eunyoung , Lee Hyeryeong , Ahn Heejeong , Choi Uk-jin , Park Sang Woong
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The duties of paramedics and emergency medical technicians (P&EMTs) are continuously changing due to developments in medical systems. This study presents evaluation goals for P&EMTs by analyzing their work, especially the tasks that new P&EMTs (with less than 3 years’ experience) find difficult, to foster the training of P&EMTs who could adapt to emergency situations after graduation.Methods: A questionnaire was created based on prior job analyses of P&EMTs. The survey questions were reviewed through focus group interviews, from which 253 task elements were derived. A survey was conducted from July 10, 2023 to October 13, 2023 on the frequency, importance, and difficulty of the 6 occupations in which P&EMTs were employed.Results: The P&EMTs’ most common tasks involved obtaining patients’ medical histories and measuring vital signs, whereas the most important task was cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The task elements that the P&EMTs found most difficult were newborn delivery and infant CPR. New paramedics reported that treating patients with fractures, poisoning, and childhood fever was difficult, while new EMTs reported that they had difficulty keeping diaries, managing ambulances, and controlling infection.Conclusion: Communication was the most important item for P&EMTs, whereas CPR was the most important skill. It is important for P&EMTs to have knowledge of all tasks; however, they also need to master frequently performed tasks and those that pose difficulties in the field. By deriving goals for evaluating P&EMTs, changes could be made to their education, thereby making it possible to train more capable P&EMTs.
New Wave Women: Paying Attention to Brenda and Doreen in Saturday Night and Sunday Morning
Authors: Price Hollie
Published: June 2024

Scholarship in British film history has tended to suggest that the female characters in New Wave films are marginalised, dismissively associated with the trappings of consumer culture and responsible for the ultimate containment of their ‘Angry Young Men’ protagonists. In Sex, Class and Realism, which was published in 1986, John Hill situates the New Wave in relation to broader socio-economic and cultural changes in post-war Britain, including women’s shifting relationships with work, motherhood, family life and patterns of consumption. However, he concludes that the cycle failed to register women’s changing lives in the late 1950s and identifies the ‘dramatic and thematic subordination of female characters’ and a ‘streak of misogyny’ running through the cycle. Revisiting the treatment of women in the British New Wave, this article focuses on the characters Brenda and Doreen in Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, and instead explores how Rachel Roberts and Shirley Anne Field’s performances offer potent expressions of women’s changing lives in this period. Poised between representing individual desires, confidence and autonomy, and feelings of frustration, reserve and uncertainty, their performances vividly convey their characters’ experiences and expectations in ways that chimed with mobilities and new constructions of selfhood that were increasingly being practised by a ‘transition’ generation of young women in post-war Britain. I argue that Roberts’s and Field’s performances evoke the feelings of two different, working-class women, for whom expressions of assertiveness, sexuality and aspiration are shaped by contradictions, anxieties and feelings of vulnerability. In doing so, the article foregrounds and re-contextualises Roberts’s and Field’s contributions to the New Wave, recognising their representation of contemporary femininities in flux; and explores the promotion and critical reception of their roles, highlighting the tensions between social realism and glamour that shaped their New Wave stardom.
SOLAR DRYING OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES USING POLYETHYLENE-CERAMIC COMPOSITE
Authors:   Institute of Materials Science of the SPA “Physics-Sun” of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, RAKHIMOV R.KH. , MUKHTOROV D.N. ,   Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of research on drying fruits and vegetables using polyethylene-ceramic composite material as a coating for a solar solar dryer. A comparative analysis of the drying efficiency in solar dryers based on composite and traditional polyethylene coating is provided. The conditions and methodology of the experiments are described. The results of comparison of drying time and residual moisture of products were obtained. A higher efficiency of the drying process is shown when using a composite material.
A METHOD FOR SOLVING A SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS BASED ON THE PRSCIIPLE OF TRAINING GENERATIVE-ADVERSARIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (GAN) USING A MODIFIED GROVER ALGORITHM
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road State Technical University (MADI), Moscow, Russian Federation, PRONIN C.B. , VOLOSOVA A.V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The article proposes a method for solving a system of equations based on a quantum Grover search algorithm. Finding a solution to a system of equations is a computationally complex process and can be considered as an algorithmic primitive for solving various problems. The computational complexity of finding a solution to a system of equations has led to attempts to implement this problem using quantum computing. So, the concept of Quantum Linear System Problem (QLSP) is well known - the solution of systems of linear equations using a quantum computer. The method proposed in the article is considered within the framework of solving a system of algebraic equations. A feature of this method is a modification of the Grover algorithm, which consists in placing the condition of each equation in a separate Grover iteration, which differs from the usual use of Grover iterations - repeats of the oracle and the diffusion operator, in which the oracle does not change. Thus, the construction of its own oracle function of the Grover algorithm for each equation of the system is implemented within the framework of the implementation of the general scheme. A feature of the proposed method is the approximation of the problem of solving a system of equations to a problem resembling the pRSCIiple of training generative-adversarial neural networks (GAN) using Grover’s algorithm, since Grover’s algorithm allows analyzing all possible values of variables. Thanks to the use of the modified Grover algorithm, the proposed method is not limited by the mandatory condition that the number of equations is equal to the number of unknowns, since solutions to incomplete systems of equations can be found within the limits imposed by the size of the allocated quantum registers. A quantum circuit optimization method is also proposed, which consists in implementing some calculations directly in the body of the Grover algorithm. The claimed efficiency of the proposed method is O(2n/m). The method proposed in the article allows us to obtain a quantum primitive for solving a wide range of practical problems.
METAL, NONMETAL, ENERGY AND ENERGY CARRIER PRODUCTION BY PLASMA ARC ELECTROLYTIC CENTRIFUGAL CONVERSION
Authors:   AdiRUT LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation, VOLKOV A.E. , VOLKOV A.A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The new plasma arc electrolytic centrifugal conversion process is intended to reduce material consumption, time and energy costs when producing various products represented by metals, nonmetals and energy carriers. The task is accomplished through combining the metallurgical, chemical and energy production into an integral production facility. All polluting emissions associated today with the metallurgical, chemical and energy sectors serve as reagents for the new process and are used for manufacture of useful products sent to the market. Energy saving substance separation requires concentration of the maximum possible amount of various chemical elements in the melting area; they serve as catalysts reducing the reaction energy consumption. The energy production and consumption processes are closed loop with the generated reagents redistributed among the production areas and reversed for recycling what allows low potential heat retaining from losses to the environment. As of today, thermal and nuclear power stations as well as metallurgical and petrochemical plants discharge about two thirds of the produced heat energy to the environment. In the plasma arc electrolytic centrifugal conversion process the energy is diverted from one production process to another allowing several times higher hydrocarbon processing. Elimination of harmful emissions into the atmosphere requires energy released due to the system combining the energy production with the mining, metallurgical and chemical industries. The substance processing is induced by the energy produced when burning hydrogen derived from hydrocarbon materials in oxygen recovered from ore. All energy produced but not consumed for external energy demand, is transferred into methanol serving as hydrogen, and therefore energy, accumulator. Energy is transferred over large distances by methanol transportation over pipelines with the return to the processing area of carbon dioxide gas, required for plasma initiation.
THE MODELING OF PROCESSES OF DESIGN OF INFORMATION PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN FINANCIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, PROKUSHEV YA.E. , PONOMARENKO S.V. , MAKSIMOV R.R. ,   Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, Belgorod, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The relevance and necessity of implementing measures to protect information in banks, as well as in other organizations of the financial and credit sphere of activity is due to a number of reasons. Firstly, these are the requirements of regulators in the field of information security. For systems of this type, there are also requirements for information security measures, which are set out in GOST R 57580.1-2017. Secondly, it is the objective presence of threats of various nature that require mandatory neutralization and exist in many modern information systems. In order to ensure information security, the security mechanisms used in the banking sector should take into account such factors as a significant amount of processed information, the need to ensure correct, stable and trouble-free operation, the multi-user nature of access to information resources, and ensuring the security of managed equipment. It is particularly worth highlighting the fact that failures and errors in the operation of banking information systems can entail not only economic damage or negative social consequences. In general, ensuring the information security of banking facilities is one of the most important tasks currently being solved at the state level, since they directly affect the stability of its economy. These circumstances determine the relevance of writing the article. The purpose of writing this paper is to develop a set of models describing the features of organizational, legal and technical processes that must be performed in banking information systems. As a methodological basis for writing the work, GOST R 57580.1-2017, as well as regulatory legal acts of the FSTEC of Russia, which are in the public domain, were used. To describe the ongoing work that must be performed to ensure the protection of information in banking information systems, the methodology of functional graphical modeling IDEF0 was used. The result of the research presented in this paper is a set of graphical and symbolic models describing the processes performed at the stages of designing and functioning of the information security system in critical information infrastructures.
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTELLIGENT AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF TRAFFIC FLOWS IN URBAN AREAS OF REGULATION BASED ON THE USE OF FUZZY MODELS
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road State Technical University (MADI), Moscow, Russian Federation, MOROZOV E.A. , VOLOSOVA A.V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, MATYUKHINA E.N. ,   MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the implementation of automatic traffic control of automobile flows in urban areas of regulation based on the use of fuzzy models. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the problem of traffic management in the Smart City ecosystem. Traffic flow control is a complex dynamic task, for the solution of which it is proposed to use artificial intelligence methods for processing fuzzy knowledge. The article proposes a model of a traffic flow control system at an intersection based on the use of fuzzy knowledge. Knowledge processing in the system is carried out by the module “Fuzzy Controller”. The input data for the fuzzy controller is information about the number of cars that have passed and information about the current duration of the traffic light phases. The fuzzy controller has a number of output variables corresponding to the number of phases of the traffic light. The fuzzy controller is implemented by means of the fuzzy sets apparatus. The system solves the following tasks: tracking the increase in traffic in the regulation zone; tracking the approach of the flow density on all streets of the regulation zone to the critical one; collecting information about the filling of the road departing from the intersection; implementing indirect unloading of the road section after the intersection, implementing management in transit sections of the city. To increase the efficiency of the model, an improved traffic management process is proposed within the framework of a single intersection, which takes into account traffic situations after the intersection. This approach has a positive impact on traffic in the regulated area due to the decentralized structure of the system consisting of such controlled intersections. The authors also implement the priorities of the directions of movement within the framework of the proposed model. Priorities are set when setting up the system at each of the traffic lights and allow you to speed up the circulation of traffic within the control zone.
AN OVERVIEW OF EXISTING METHODS FOR AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF TEST TASKS IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
Authors:   Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) of Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky, Russian Federation, MASLOVA M.A.
Published: June 2024

Recently, in the field of education, much attention has been paid to the use of multiple choice questions as a tool for assessing knowledge. The development of test tasks requires a lot of time and is highly labor intensive. It is difficult to perform such a task manually, so many researchers offer various ways and approaches to automate the creation of test tasks in natural language. In this paper, we present an overview of scientific achievements in the field of automatic question generation, which examines the classification of question generation systems by dividing them into five groups: machine learning-based methods, neural network-based, tree-based, rule-based or template-based and hybrid methods.
CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR MOTORS OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC GRIPPING WITH GROUP DRIVE
Authors:   MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russian Federation, ZHDANOVA YU.I. , MOSHKIN V.V. , ROMANOV M.P.
Published: June 2024

Problem statement: the current trend is the use in various spheres of human activity of service robots equipped with anthropomorphic grippers (AG) with the capabilities inherent in the human hand. The functionality of the AG is determined by the executive groups of links (IGZ) having a group drive with a variable structure. When enclosing an external object (VO), each opposed IGZ sequentially implements a contact with three output links. The algorithm for the simultaneous control of the motors must ensure that the position of the unsecured AO remains unchanged. Known AG control methods, for example impedance, do not provide this requirement. In addition, possible methods are focused on an unchanging control object, which is one output link of the IGZ. The variability of control objects, characteristic of systems with a group drive and a variable structure, determines the need for a fundamentally new approach to the control of engines of opposed IGZs. Methods used: theoretical research is based on the main provisions of the analysis of the functioning of complex systems, information processing that determines their state and decision-making based on them. The novelty of the proposed algorithms lies in the fact that the engine control is based on information about the interaction of the output links of both this IGZ and the opposite one. The sequence of switching on the motors is determined based on the analysis of changes in the set of conditions. External - the contact of the current control object with the VO, internal - an increase in the torque on the engine in comparison with the value that determines the free movement. This approach makes it possible, with only contact sensors on the output links, to implement adaptive control of the motors of the opposed IGZ. Result: The use of the proposed algorithms makes it possible to formalize the control of the motors of the opposed IGZ taking into account the position of the initially non-deterministic AO. Practical significance: the developed algorithms are designed to control anthropomorphic grips performing actions with the AO in unfavorable conditions for humans and the uncertainty of the AO position. Their use will increase the functionality of robots equipped with AG.
ELECTRONIC LIBRARY SYSTEM BY MEANS OF OBJECT-ORIENTED PYTHON PROGRAMMING
Authors:   Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, EPIFANTSEVA V.A. , EFREMOV S.K. , NESTERENKO I.S.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the features of the development of an electronic library system of the Department of Computer Science and Mathematics. The electronic library system allows you to access educational, scientific and professional literature in electronic form. In addition, electronic library systems usually contain not only the texts of books, but also other materials, such as articles, journals, dissertations, audio and video files, etc. This allows users to get complete information on the research topic. The developed library system is intended for cadets and students of higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, employees of the Department of Internal Affairs.
INTERNATIONAL PROCESSES IN THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST IN THE MID-1940S - MID-1960S IN THE ASSESSMENTS OF CONTEMPORARIES-RUSSIAN EMIGRANTS
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, ANTOSHIN A.V.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyze the perception by Russian emigrants of the international processes of the Cold War era in the Middle East. The author focuses on the situation in the region in the mid-1940s - mid-1960s, when the foundations of inter-bloc confrontation were being formed. The source base for the study was the materials of the Russian émigré press published in Paris, Frankfurt am Main, New York and other cities of the world. An analysis of historical sources makes it possible to single out two main groups of Russian emigrants from the Cold War era. Some representatives of the Russian emigration sympathized with the Soviet Union and supported its efforts in the international arena, including in the Near and Middle East. However, the most active were those emigrant publicists who belonged to the anti-communist camp. It has been proven that they blamed the Soviet Union for the escalation of tension in various regions of the world, negatively assessed those political regimes of the countries of the region that were oriented towards the USSR. The conclusion is substantiated that the Russian emigration did not ignore the factor of contradictions within the Western bloc in the Cold War, showing how they were embodied in the policies of the USA, Great Britain and France in the Middle East.
RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE PARADIGMATIC DIMENSION: THE SEARCH FOR CONSENSUS
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, TROFIMOV A.V. ,   Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokina, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study. The article examines the situation in modern historical science in the context of epistemological variability inherent in key methodological paradigms (positivist, neo-Kantian, postmodern, post-postmodern). Conclusions. The existence of various paradigms in the cognitive space represents both an advantage for researchers (freedom of choice of methodological tools), determines the existence of various discursive practices, and complicates the process of creating consensual historical knowledge, which could become a fundamental ideological basis for modern Russian society.
REVIEW ON THE BOOK "EAST EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS OF THE MAE RAS". SPB.: MAE RAS, 2022. 356 Р. (COLLECTED WORKS OF THE MAE. VOL. LXIX)
Authors:   National Research Mordovian State University named after N. P. Ogarev, Saransk, Russian Federation, MOKSHINA E.N.
Published: June 2024

The review analyzes a collection of articles devoted to Eastern European collections from the collections of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kunstkamera, St. Petersburg). In it the museum's staff reviewed the history of collecting, exhibiting and studying materials on the Russian North, central regions of Russia, the Volga region and Belarus, presenting to the readers interested in the study of traditional culture of the peoples of Eastern Europe the rich ethnographic heritage of the museum, mainly related to the 19th - early 21st centuries.
REVIEW TO THE MONOGRAPH OF PROFESSOR S.S. ILIZAROVA MOSCOW ACCENT. G.F. MILLER AND MOSCOW OF THE 18TH CENTURY. - M.: PUBLISHING HOUSE "KUCHKOVO FIELD", 2021 - 496 P.: ILL
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, ZAPARIY V.V.
Published: June 2024

The review gives a description of the interesting and well-founded work of the famous researcher of Moscow and the history of science, Professor S.S. Ilizarov, dedicated to the study and disclosure of the role of one of the largest Russian historians and founders of archiving in our country, Academician Miller. The author of this well-made book not only describes well-known and little-known facts from Miller's life as a scientist, but conducts a detailed scientific analysis of his activities and draws a number of non-trivial conclusions about his contribution to historical science and those innovations that changed its face in Russia at that time.
INSTITULIZATION AND TRANSFORMATION POLITECONOMIC DOGMA IN THE USSR (1950S-MID 1970S): FROM THE HISTORY OF SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT
Authors: BALAKIN V.S.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the transformation of political economic dogmas, the evolution of Soviet political economy and the institutionalization of Soviet economic and mathematical research. Historical analysis of the transformation of political economic ideas was carried out on the basis of institutional theory. The main political economic dogmas were generalized and systematized - norms on the construction of socialism, on commodity production of a special kind, on the limited operation of the law of value under socialism, on planning as an objective law of socialism, on economic-mathematical methods as an anti-Marxist direction, on the need to «uproot petty-bourgeois theories» and confront Western science. New institutional ideas about the stages and content of the transition to a market economy are also analyzed. The role of economists in the institutionalization of the «theory of economic mechanism» and the institutional role of V.S. Nemchinov, Kantorovich, Novozhilov in the development of economic and mathematical calculations. The acute theoretical struggle within Soviet political economy is shown. The mechanism of party and state pressure on the staff of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute is revealed. The contradictions and difficulties in the development of the first government programs for the transition to a planned market economy are explored.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF FACTORY INSPECTORATE ACTIVITIES IN THE VORONEZH AND KURSK PROVINCES (1882-1905)
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russian Federation, SMOLENSKAYA O.A.
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the analysis of the formation and functioning of the institute of factory inspectorate in the field of supervision of compliance with the established norms and rules of labour protection of minors and women, regulation of labor relations between employees and manufacturers will allow rethinking the history of the development of factory legislation in the Russian Empire and analyze the possibilities and disadvantages of state regulation of relations between workers and entrepreneurs. Conclusions. As a result of the study of the practical activities of the factory inspectorate on the territory of the Voronezh and Kursk provinces, where mainly small factory enterprises with agricultural specialization were located, there was a general tendency to use the labour of minors and women in industrial enterprises, as a consequence of the cheapness of their labour and non-resistance. The author concludes that the activities of the factory inspectorate had an important impact on the implementation and practical useof the adopted legislative norms regulating the work of women and minors. Firstly, the number of violations of the rules on the work of minors and women recorded by the factory inspectorate decreased. Secondly, extensive statistical material was collected on industry and working conditions of workers, their gender and age composition, the number of women and children, their share in various industries, which was not unimportant for the further development of factory legislation in Russia in the second half of the XIX century.
CITY OF SVERDLOVSK IN DECREES AND ORDERS STATE DEFENSE COMMITTEE
Authors:   Ural State Law University named after V. F. Yakovlev, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, MOTREVICH V.P.
Published: June 2024

The article contains an analysis of several dozen declassified resolutions and orders of the State Defense Committee, dedicated to the city of Sverdlovsk and the enterprises and organizations located on its territory. On the basis of the materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the decisions of the State Defense Committee on the placement of the evacuated population, as well as enterprises, organizations and institutions in the city, are shown, the restructuring of the work of industry for the production of military products is shown. The paper shows that on the basis of the decisions made by the State Defense Committee, intensive industrial and housing construction was going on in the city, new enterprises were created and transport logistics improved. The decisions of the State Defense Committee on changing the range of military products manufactured at the largest enterprises of the city, providing them with labor force, and organizing mass housing construction of a simplified type for its workers are characterized.
CONTINUITY IN THE PRIVATE BANIKR FIRE OF PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University (NArFU), Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Russian Federation, LIZUNOV P.V.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the little-studied topic of continuity in the field of private banking in pre-revolutionary Russia. In the history of Russian banking, several dynasties of private bankers can be distinguished, such as the Wavelbergs, the Volkovs, the Gunzburgs, the Stieglitzes, and the Junkers. For two or three generations they owned large banking houses in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw and Paris. The family chronicles of the bankers Stieglitz, Feleizen and Wavelberg are taken as an example. The small number of banking dynasties is associated with the late emergence of private banking in Russia. The first banking offices appeared very late compared to Western Europe - at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. and lasted until 1917, approximately 120 years. Unfortunately, there is no data on how many banking houses there were in Russia during this time, presumably about a thousand. Some banking firms were inherited from father to son. However, few banking institutions were inherited in the third or fourth generations. Most banking houses, for various reasons, ceased their activities after the death of the founder or even during his lifetime. To conduct financial affairs, the necessary knowledge was required, and most importantly, abilities that the heirs did not always possess. Some of them preferred the life of a rentier or more prestigious and quiet official careers.
RESULTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOVIET OPTICAL-MECHANICAL INDUSTRY PLANTS IN THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN
Authors:   Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, ZAPARY V.V.
Published: June 2024

The article reveals the main trends in the development of the optical-mechanical industry of the USSR in the beginning of the Second Five-Year Plan, pays attention to the achievements and problems that took place in this sector of the national economy. By the end of the First Five-Year Plan, the Soviet optical-mechanical industry was completing the stage of its formation, received its organizational structure and formed a material and technical base. Its development occurred at an accelerated pace, in conditions of mobilization and command management methods. This led to deficiencies in technical planning, provision of raw materials, equipment and personnel. As a result, the products of the USSR’s optical-mechanical industry at the end of the First Five-Year Plan were inferior to similar foreign ones in terms of their cost and a number of performance qualities. The experience gained in the development of the industry allowed by the mid-1930s. avoid massive imports of optical instruments for civil and military purposes from abroad and created the basis for further improvement of optical technologies in the USSR.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1960S: ATTEMPTS TO OVERCOME THE BACKLOG
Authors:   MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russian Federation, BODROVA E.V. , KALINOV V.V. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the publication. Based on the currently declassified archival documents, to investigate the actual problem associated with the development and implementation of measures for the development of computer technology in the first half of the 1960s, to analyze the assessments of leading specialists of that time and their recommendations. The conclusion is formulated that the studied documents indicate the desire of the scientific elite, diplomats, representatives of industry and the defense complex to draw the attention of the country's leadership to the need to prioritize the development of computer technology, which has become a trigger for modernization, structural adjustment of the economy in leading countries. For greater persuasiveness, reports and letters often cited as an argument reports on the achievements of the main competitor - the United States, which had a significant impact on decision-making. A lot was achieved during the study period, but the pace was too slow, coordination could not be achieved, management miscalculations, disinterest of enterprises in innovations, predominance of departmental interests, weak connection between science and production, lack of interaction between the defense and civil sectors also affected.
"BIG SVERDLOVSK" IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DIMENSION OF THE 1920S - 1930S
Authors:   Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, SPERANSKY A.V. , SPERANSKY P.A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
Published: June 2024

The paper analyzes the processes of urban planning and architectural shaping that took place in the administrative center of the Ural (since 1934 - Sverdlovsk) region, the city of Sverdlovsk in the 1920s - 1930s. The paper notes that the new architectural and spatial structure of one of the largest cities in the Urals, which arose during the implementation of the general plan «Big Sverdlovsk», was based mainly on the ideas of the architectural avant-garde, the main creative trend of which was constructivism. The paper also indicates that Sverdlovsk constructivism, which led to the creation of a large number of unique structures, was formed and developed under the influence of famous architects representing the avant-garde centers of Moscow, Leningrad and Tomsk, as well as the German Bauhaus school, which was considered the founder of this style. The paper draws attention to the fact that the practical implementation of the plan of architectural and urban development of Sverdlovsk led to the creation of a polycentric urban system within which, along with the reconstruction of the central core of the city, on the basis of large factories, surrounding industrial and residential areas («socialist cities»), regulated by systems of consumer services, transport and landscaping, arose. The paper concludes that these architectural and construction processes of the 1920s - 1930s, which took place in Sverdlovsk within the constructivist avant-garde, and then evolved towards decorative constructivism and neoclassicism, allowed the city to take a serious step in the development of urban planning, led to the creation of an architectural aura that formed its unique image.
SVERDLOVSK PERIOD HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY V. V. DANILEVSKY
Authors:   Institute of History of Natural Science and Technology named after S.I. Vavilov (Institute of History of Natural Science and Technology of Russian Academy of Science), Moscow, Russian Federation, ILIZAROV S.S.
Published: June 2024

The article considers the life and activities of an outstanding Soviet historian of technology V.V. Danilevsky (1898-1960) during his stay in Sverdlovsk during the evacuation years. The path of V.V. Danilevsky in the history of technology is shown, when the profession «historian of science and technology» was just being formed, and the history of science and technology was formalized in independent research direction. During the Great Patriotic War, the efforts of V.V. Danilevsky in Sverdlovsk created a Group on the History of Technology at the Department of Technical Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences. For several years it was held here such significant work on the study of industrial and technological development in the Urals that in 1944 there was on the basis of the Group organized by the Commission on the History of Technology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
ON THE ISSUE OF IMPROVING THE TEACHING OF THE COURSE "HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE" FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS OF A MODERN UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, ZAPARIY V.V. , EROBKIN I.E. , ZYKIN I.V. , KOKSHAROV V.A. , LAKHTIONOVA E.S.
Published: June 2024

The article, based on the extensive experience of teaching the course by employees of the Department of History of Science and Technology, and then History of Russia at UrFU, traces the process of changing the methodology of teaching this course. Particular attention is paid to the pandemic period, when an attempt was made to significantly change the forms of work with students. The article uses data from a survey of engineering students (half of them were surveyed), conducted based on the results of the past academic year 2022/2023. Conclusions and proposals are made for further improvement of the educational and methodological process.