bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] Teaching Quality Evaluation of Ideological and Political Courses in Colleges and Universities Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Qiao Lijun
Published: January 2022

Ideological and political (IAP) education is the soul of socialist construction. As the main position for the cultivation of the “Four Haves” in the cause of socialist construction, colleges and universities shoulder an important educational mission. However, standard, scientific, systematic, and feasible evaluation index system is lacking in the teaching of IAP theory courses. Therefore, it is fervently required to use the modern science and technology for the establishment of a complete, objective, and feasible classroom teaching evaluation system, and the optimization of the evaluation process is also an important issue that needs to be resolved urgently. This paper combines teaching evaluation theory and machine learning methods, analyzes the rationality of evaluation indicators through the acquired evaluation data, and optimizes the evaluation system. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of traditional machine learning classification algorithms, a classifier based on weighted naive Bayes is analyzed and designed for teaching evaluation, and the specific process of evaluation model construction is introduced. The experimental results show that the classification model based on the weighted naive Bayes algorithm is reasonable and feasible for teaching evaluation. Combined with the weighted Bayesian classification incremental learning principle, the performance of the classification model can be better than the traditional classification model.
Robust Minimum Cost Consensus Model for Multicriteria Decision‐Making under Uncertain Circumstances
Authors: Dai Zexing , Ji Ying , Zhang Huijie , Cheng Panhong
Published: January 2022

Recently, the consensus model of group decision‐making in uncertain circumstances has received extensive attention. Existing models focus on either minimum cost (maintain the total budget) or maximum utility (improve satisfaction). Based on the minimum cost consensus model, a new multicriteria robust minimum cost consensus model with utility preference is proposed in this paper. Firstly, considering the inherent uncertainty of input data, the unit adjustment cost of experts is described under three robust scenarios. Subsequently, a cost consensus model that expresses the views of decision‐makers in a variety of uncertain preference forms such as utility function and Gaussian distribution is proposed. Finally, through the application in emergency decision‐making, the cost model and the utility model were compared and analyzed to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model.
Pazopanib in Patients with Osteosarcoma Metastatic to the Lung: Phase 2 Study Results and the Lessons for Tumor Measurement
Authors: Frankel Paul , Ruel Chris , Uche An , Choy Edwin , Okuno Scott , Somiah Neeta , Chow Warren A.
Published: January 2022

Background. This single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 study evaluated the safety and antitumor activity of pazopanib in patients with unresectable, pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma. Patients and Methods. Patients with pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma unresponsive to chemotherapy were eligible. Patients who received prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy were excluded. Pazopanib at 800 mg once daily was administered for 28-day cycles. Tumor responses were evaluated by local radiology assessment 1 month prior to and after initiation of treatment to calculate tumor doubling time and after every even numbered cycle. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival at 4 months, concomitant with a demonstrated 30% increase in tumor doubling time relative to the pretreatment growth rate. Results. 12 patients (7 female) were enrolled. The study was terminated prematurely due to withdrawal of financial support by the sponsor. 8 subjects were eligible for the primary analysis, whereas 4 patients were in a predefined exploratory “slow-growing” cohort. In the “fast-growing” cohort, 3 of the 8 patients (37.5%) eligible for first-stage analysis were deemed “success” by the preplanned criteria, adequate to proceed to second-stage accrual. In addition, 1 of the 4 patients in the “slow-growing” cohort experienced a partial remission. Grade 1-2 diarrhea was the most common adverse event, and grade 3 events were infrequent. Conclusion. This study illustrates a novel method of demonstrating positive drug activity in osteosarcoma by increasing tumor doubling time, and this is further supported by a partial response in a patient with “slow-growing” disease. This trial is registered with NCT01759303.
Harnessing Intranasal Delivery Systems of Sumatriptan for the Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Assadpour Sara , Shiran Mohammad Reza , Asadi Peyman , Akhtari Javad , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: January 2022

Sumatriptan (ST) is a commonly prescribed drug for treating migraine. The efficiency of several routes of ST administration has been investigated. Recently, the intranasal route with different delivery systems has gained interest owing to its fast‐acting and effectiveness. The present study is aimed at reviewing the available studies on novel delivery systems for intranasal ST administration. The oral route of ST administration is common but complicated with some problems. Gastroparesis in patients with migraine may reduce the absorption and effectiveness of ST upon oral use. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal (GI) system and hepatic metabolism can alter the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ST. The bioavailability of conventional nasal liquids is low due to the deposition of a large fraction of the delivered dose of a drug in the nasal cavity. Several delivery systems have been utilized in a wide range of preclinical and clinical studies to enhance the bioavailability of ST. The beneficial effects of the dry nasal powder of ST (AVP‐825) have been proven in clinical studies. Moreover, other delivery systems based on microemulsions, microspheres, and nanoparticles have been introduced, and their higher bioavailability and efficacy were demonstrated in preclinical studies. Based on the extant findings, harnessing novel delivery systems can improve the bioavailability of ST and enhance its effectiveness against migraine attacks. However, further clinical studies are needed to approve the safety and efficacy of employing such systems in humans.
Deep Learning-Based Chest CT Image Features in Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
Authors: Feng Jianxin , Jiang Jun
Published: January 2022

This study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of deep learning-optimized chest CT in the patients with lung cancer. 90 patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer by surgery or puncture in hospital were selected as the research subjects. The Mask Region Convolutional Neural Network (Mask-RCNN) model was a typical end-to-end image segmentation model, and Dual Path Network (DPN) was used in nodule detection. The results showed that the accuracy of DPN algorithm model in detecting lung lesions in lung cancer patients was 88.74%, the accuracy of CT diagnosis of lung cancer was 88.37%, the sensitivity was 82.91%, and the specificity was 87.43%. Deep learning-based CT examination combined with serum tumor detection, factoring into Neurospecific enolase (N S E), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, improved the accuracy to 97.94%, the sensitivity to 98.12%, and the specificity to 100%, all showing significant differences (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for improving the diagnostic efficiency of CT imaging in lung cancer and theoretical support for subsequent lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Pore Size on Spontaneous Imbibition Recovery in Oil-Wet Reservoirs
Authors: Yue Ming , Li Bingbing , Chen Qiang , Gao Jidong , Zhu Weiyao , Song Zhiyong
Published: January 2022

Spontaneous imbibition has been considered as a significant method to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in unconventional reservoirs. The main impediment to comprehending the variation characteristics of spontaneous imbibition at different pore scales was the reservoir’s opacity. To this end, a series of spontaneous imbibition experiments of visualized oil-wet microtubes with six different diameters (10 μm~60 μm) were performed, as were the corresponding macroscopic core imbibition tests with six different permeabilities under the same conditions. The results showed that formation brine mostly advanced along the wall surface of a capillary during the imbibition process, and some were even isolated within a capillary. The imbibition recovery in the capillary with a diameter of 10 μm was the highest (27.81%), which was more than three times that of the capillary with a diameter of 60 μm (8.3%). There was a good power function decline relationship between capillary diameter and imbibition recovery, and 30 μm appeared to be a critical inflection point in both capillary tube and macroscopic core imbibition tests. In addition, the majority of the detained residual oil clusters not only cut off the continuity of formation brine but also increased the imbibition flow resistance, accelerating the imbibition to balance. This research provides a new perspective for comprehending the imbibition characteristics at different pore scales.
Lag Secure Consensus for Second-Order Nonlinear Multiagent Systems with Event-Triggered Control Strategy under DoS Attacks
Authors: Han Qi , Zhang Ao , Weng Tengfei , Xie Yan , Feng Liping , Chen Guorong , Tian Yuan
Published: January 2022

Compared with previous studies, this paper focuses on the time delay phenomenon in the consensus state between the leader and followers and considers that the DoS attack occurs nonperiodically. First, a new event-triggered mechanism and lag consensus control strategy are proposed. Then, through the Lyapunov stability theory, algebraic knowledge, and graph theory, it is proved that followers and leader can achieve lag consistent under the DoS attack, and the trigger interval is designed to ensure that Zeno behavior does not occur. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed theory and method are verified by numerical simulation.
A Network Communication Frequency Routing Protocol of Coal Mine Safety Monitoring System Based on Wireless Narrowband Data Communication Network
Authors: Zhang Jin Hao , Chen Min , Liu YaHui , Yao Pingjian
Published: January 2022

In recent years, the coal industry has been expanding the scale and output of coal mining in China, yet the safety in production is faced with great challenge. Communication system in coal mines plays a significant role in production safety, and wireless narrowband data communication network technology is a new-type advantageous measure to construct wireless network security monitoring system for coal mining. Here, a coal mine monitoring signal transmission method based on bus technology and wireless data transmission technology suitable for coal mines is proposed. The corresponding monitoring system is designed, and the system is able to collect the gas concentration and mechanical operation status of the mines. Wireless sensor network nodes are used for the RF communication module. The communication performance of this system in coal and rock medium and the roadway along the goaf is simulated, and the quantitative relationship between the attenuation coefficient of different communication frequencies and the effective communication distance is obtained. Hence, the results show that the protocol has good performance in terms of route establishment, maintenance, and data transmission hop count for the positioning of coal mine employees.
Analysis of Malware Detection and Signature Generation Using a Novel Hybrid Approach
Authors: Dugyala Raman , Reddy N. Hanuman , Maheswari V. Uma , Mohammad Gouse Baig , Alenezi Fayadh , Polat Kemal
Published: January 2022

In recent years, malware detection has become necessary to improve system performance and prevent programs from infecting your computer. Signature-based malware failed to detect most new organisms. This article presents the hybrid technique to automatically generate and classify malicious signatures. The hybrid method is called the ANFIS-SSA approach. The hybrid system includes the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) and the Salp Swarm Optimization (SSA). Based on this observation, we propose a hybrid approach to detect malware using malware terminology and its API calls to each other. We create the master signature for the entire malware category, not the malicious template. This signature can also identify unknown extended variants of this class. We show our approach in some common malware classes, which show that each extended version of the malware class is recognized by its original signature. The proposed method is integrated into the Matlab/Simulink operating system and is comparable to existing secure methods. SAFE creates an abstract model for the malicious code and converts it to an internal representation.
An Improved Version of Residual Power Series Method for Space-Time Fractional Problems
Authors: Bayrak Mine Aylin , Demir Ali , Ozbilge Ebru
Published: January 2022

The task of present research is to establish an enhanced version of residual power series (RPS) technique for the approximate solutions of linear and nonlinear space-time fractional problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions by introducing new parameter

λ

. The parameter

λ

allows us to establish the best numerical solutions for space-time fractional differential equations (STFDE). Since each problem has different Dirichlet boundary conditions, the best choice of the parameter

λ

depends on the problem. This is the major contribution of this research. The illustrated examples also show that the best approximate solutions of various problems are constructed for distinct values of parameter

λ

. Moreover, the efficiency and reliability of this technique are verified by the numerical examples.
Direct Medical Cost of Treating Substance Use Disorders in Two Tertiary Hospitals in South-West, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ilomuanya Margaret , Amaeze Ogochukwu , Umeche Chinenye , Mbata Ugochukwu , Shonekan Omonike , Olajide Abayomi
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Successful interventions for substance use disorders (SUDs), though obtainable, are not effectively utilized due to the high cost of treatment. The adoption of any given therapy is often impeded by insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of such treatment. Objective. This study aimed to assess the direct medical cost of treating SUD in two tertiary hospitals in South-West, Nigeria. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey of patients managed for SUD at the two psychiatric hospitals was carried out between January and June 2020. The inclusion criteria were patients with SUD above 18 years of age, registered and managed at the two hospitals. Data were collected from selected patients' case notes using a standardized data collection tool and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. The average costs of treatment for alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, and drug and alcohol use disorder were ₦146,425.38 ± 57,388.84, ₦135,282.09 ± 53,190.39, and ₦143,877.33 ± 68,662.04, respectively. This translates to $384.82, $355.53, and $378.12, respectively. The highest contributors to SUD treatment cost are inpatient admissions and the cost of medicines; inpatient admissions include accommodation, feeding, and laundry. Conclusion. Considering that over 60% of the Nigerian population lives below the poverty line, the direct cost of SUD treatment is unaffordable to the patients and the health care system, which is grossly underfunded.
Identification of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition-Related lncRNAs Associated with Prognosis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Yongjie , Wang Liangwen , Zhang Wen , Ma Jingqin , Zhang Zihan , Yang Minjie , Yu Jiaze , Luo Jianjun , Yan Zhiping
Published: January 2022

Purpose. The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play the important role in tumor occurrence and progression, and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the critical process for tumor migration. However, the role of EMT-related lncRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been elucidated. Methods. In this study, we selected the EMT-related lncRNAs in HCC by using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Two prognostic models of the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were constructed and validated through Cox regression model, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The unsupervised clustering analysis was utilized to investigate the association between EMT-lncRNAs with tumor immune microenvironment. ESTIMATE algorithm and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to estimate tumor microenvironment and associated KEGG pathways. Results. Two EMT-related lncRNA prognostic models of OS and RFS were constructed. Kaplan-Meier curves showed the dismal prognosis of OS and RFS in the group with high-risk score. The ROC curves and AUC values in two prognostic models indicated the discriminative value in the training set and validation set. Patients with HCC were clustered into two subgroups according the unsupervised clustering analysis. Lnc-CCNY-1 was selected as the key lncRNA. GSVA analysis showed that lnc-CCNY-1 was negatively associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and positively correlated with CELL cycle pathway. Conclusion. Two EMT-related lncRNA prognostic models of OS and RFS were constructed to discriminate patients and predict prognosis of HCC. EMT-related lncRNAs may play a role on prognosis of HCC by influencing the immune microenvironment. Lnc-CCNY-1 was selected as the key EMT-related lncRNA for further exploration.
Connectivity Analysis of Bipolar Fuzzy Networks
Authors: Gong Shu , Hua Gang , Gao Wei
Published: January 2022

Network connectivity is an important factor in data transmission, information sharing, and network defense, and it is a crucial indicator which determines the performance of a network. When a network node or channel contains uncertainties in both positive and negative aspects, the entire network can be modeled with bipolar fuzzy graphs. This paper analyzes the influence of each vertex on the connectivity of the entire network through the definition of the connected state on the bipolar fuzzy graph. The solid results are given, and the new concepts are applied in campus network connectivity analysis. This approach helps to analyze the hidden dangers of the bipolar network, find the weaknesses in the connection, and prevent network attacks in advance.
Fully Isolated Quad-Port Electric Energy Routing Converter with Medium- and High-Voltage Grid Connection Capability
Authors: Sha Guanglin , Duan Qing , Sheng Wanxing , Zhang Yao , Ma Chunyan , Zhao Caihong , Zhao Yan , Liu Zhe , Teng Jiaxun
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the demand for medium- and high-voltage port access capability in energy router, this study proposes a quad-port DC/DC converter topology scheme based on modular multilevel converter (QP-M2DC). Compared with the traditional multiterminal energy routing converter, it has the advantages of high modularity, strong flexibility, and high power density. In addition, for the modular structure on the medium- and high-voltage sides, this study proposes a narrow phase-shift cyclic modulation strategy, which reduces the system need for voltage balance control and simplifies the overall system control. This study comprehensively introduces and analyses the QP-M2DC topology, working principle, high-frequency link equivalent, and power characteristics, then establishes an equivalent model of system control, and proposes a control scheme for a multiterminal energy routing converter. Finally, a simulation model of the system is established through PLECS, and the simulation results show that in such a narrow phase-shift modulation strategy, the proposed topology can have stable operation in a variety of patterns, reduce the capacitance, and achieve better voltage balance at the same time. The experimental results show the converter efficiency of up to 97.8%. It further shows the superiority of the proposed topology structure and the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.
Recognition of Emotions for People with Autism: An Approach to Improve Skills
Authors: Dantas Adilmar Coelho , do Nascimento Marcelo Zanchetta
Published: January 2022

Autism spectrum disorder refers to a neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive behavior patterns, impaired social interaction, and impaired verbal and nonverbal communication. The ability to recognize mental states from facial expressions plays an important role in both social interaction and interpersonal communication. Thus, in recent years, several proposals have been presented, aiming to contribute to the improvement of emotional skills in order to improve social interaction. In this paper, a game is presented to support the development of emotional skills in people with autism spectrum disorder. The software used helps to develop the ability to recognize and express six basic emotions: joy, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise, and fear. Based on the theory of facial action coding systems and digital image processing techniques, it is possible to detect facial expressions and classify them into one of the six basic emotions. Experiments were performed using four public domain image databases (CK+, FER2013, RAF-DB, and MMI) and a group of children with autism spectrum disorder for evaluating the existing emotional skills. The results showed that the proposed software contributed to improvement of the skills of detection and recognition of the basic emotions in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
Removal of Tricyclazole and Total Organic Carbon in Real Pesticide Wastewater by Electro-Fenton
Authors: Bui Ha Manh , Huynh Loan Ngoc
Published: January 2022

In this study, electro-Fenton (EF) was employed for the removal of tricyclazole (TC) and total organic carbon (TOC) in real pesticide wastewater (RPW). The central composite design (CCD) with three parameters, that is, current density, Fe2+ concentration, and electrolysis time, has been conducted to predict the TOC and TC removal efficiency. The high correlation of the quadratic models of 0.9842 and 0.9781 for TC and TOC removal, respectively, indicates the significance of the models. The obtained results revealed that the high-efficiency removal of both TC and TOC in RPW. Approximately 99.6% of TC was decomposed under the optimum conditions of a current density of 2.2 mA/cm2 and an Fe2+ concentration of 0.2 mM during 188 min with an operating cost of 121.392 $/kg TC or ∼2.692 $/m3, while 84.2% TOC was eliminated at a current density of 2.2 mA/cm2 and an Fe2+ concentration of 0.2 mM during 217 min with an operating cost of 3.019 $/kg TOC or 3.916 $/m3. Acute toxicity tests at optimal condition revealed moderate exhibition toxicity of treated wastewater against Daphnia magna with LC50 values of 3.12%, 2.05%, 1.84%, and 1.36% at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, respectively. The removal of TC and TOC followed pseudo-first-order kinetic with an R2 of ∼0.993 and 0.923, respectively.
MicroRNA-323a-3p Negatively Regulates NEK6 in Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Hong Zhongshi , Chen Zhichuan , Pan Jianpeng , Shi Zesheng , Wang Chunxiao , Qiu Chengzhi
Published: January 2022

Objective. The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. However, there are few reports on the microRNA (miRNA/miR) regulation of NEK6. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of miRNAs targeting NEK6 in COAD cells. Methods. Public data and online analysis sites were used to analyze the expression levels of NEK6 and miR-323a-3p in COAD tissues as well as the relationship between NEK6 or miR-323a-3p levels and survival in patients with COAD and to predict miRNAs targeting NEK6. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to determine the levels of NEK6 and miR-323a-3p in COAD cells. The targeting of NEK6 by miR-323a-3p was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. Results. In COAD cells, NEK6 was highly expressed, whereas miR-323a-3p was expressed at low levels and negatively regulated NEK6. Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. Conclusion. miR-323a-3p downregulates NEK6 in COAD cells; this provides a novel basis for further understanding the occurrence and development of COAD.
Effects of Different Solvents Extractions on Total Polyphenol Content, HPLC Analysis, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antimicrobial Properties of Peppers (Red, Yellow, and Green (Capsicum annum L.))
Authors: Mohammad Salamatullah Ahmad , Hayat Khizar , Mabood Husain Fohad , Asif Ahmed Mohammed , Arzoo Shaista , Musaad Althbiti Mohammed , Alzahrani Abdulhakeem , Al-Zaied Bandar Ali M. , Kahlil Alyahya Heba , Albader Nawal , Nafidi Hiba-Allah , Bourhia Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Plants possessing various bioactive compounds and antioxidant components have gained enormous attention because of their efficacy in enhancing human health and nutrition. Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), because of their color, flavor, and nutritional value, are considered as one of the most popular vegetables around the world. In the present investigation, the effect of different solvents extractions (methanol, ethanol, and water) and oven drying on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties was studied of red, yellow, and green peppers. The green pepper water extract showed the highest total polyphenol content (30.15 mg GAE/g DW) followed by red pepper water extract (28.73 mg GAE/g DW) and yellow pepper water extract (27.68 mg GAE/g DW), respectively. The methanol extracts of all the pepper samples showed higher TPC as compared to the ethanol extract. A similar trend was observed with the total flavonoid content (TFC). The antioxidant assays (DPPH scavenging and reducing power) echoed the findings of TPC and TFC. In both antioxidant assays, the highest antioxidant activity was shown by the water extract of green pepper, which was followed by the water extract of red pepper and yellow pepper. Furthermore, all extracts were assessed for their potential antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Aqueous extracts of all three pepper samples exhibited slightly higher inhibition zones as compared to their corresponding ethanolic and methanolic extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.5 to 8.0 mg/ml. The lowest MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/ml concentration were recorded for aqueous extracts of green pepper. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed tannic acid as the major phenolic compound in all three pepper samples. Thus, it is envisaged that the microwave drying/heating technique can improve the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the pepper.
Evaluation of Medication Package Inserts in Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Haftom Gebregergs , Gobezie Mengistie Yirsaw , Tuem Khalid Beshir , Gebremichael Hildana Tewolde , Mohammed Solomon Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Background. Patients require accurate and reliable information to help them use their medications safely and effectively. Inadequate patient knowledge may contribute to medication nonadherence which could negatively affect treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presentation and completeness of medication package inserts (MPIs) which are available in the Ethiopian market. Methods. A cross‐sectional document review was performed in February and March of 2019. All MPIs which were authorized by EFDA to sell in the Ethiopian market and available during the data collection period were considered. Results. The mean overall completeness score of 200 MPIs was 18.39 ± 4.30. Of the 200 MPIs, only 20% were from domestic pharmaceutical companies. Antimicrobials represented 24% of the total MPIs. Topical preparations, cardiovascular drugs, gastrointestinal drugs, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, accounted for 12.5%,12.5%, 11%, and 9% of the MPIs, respectively. The majority of the MPIs presented information about the drug’s use during pregnancy and lactation, 77.0% and 74.0%, respectively. However, only half of the MPIs, 49.5%, gave information about special warnings and precautions. Only a few of the MPIs provided information about instructions to convert tablets or capsules into liquid forms and the possibility of tablet splitting, 4.8% and 8.7%, respectively. Furthermore, only 1.0% had local language translation. Conclusion. The MPIs available in Ethiopia provide inadequate information including about the safety of drug products and local language translation. Regulatory authorities should implement stringent regulations to ensure the provision of vital information which extends beyond checking the mere presence of an MPI. They should also act to the possible standardization of MPIs.
Neutrosophic Soft Quad Structures Concerning Neutrosophic Soft Points
Authors: Mehmood Arif , Afzal Farkhanda , Khan Muhammad Imran , Abdullah Saleem , Gul Saeed
Published: January 2022

In this article, a new concept of neutrosophic soft quad-topological structures is introduced. Generalised neutrosophic soft

∗

b

open sets in neutrosophic soft quad-topological structures concerning soft points of the space are introduced. Different results are addressed in neutrosophic soft quad-topological structure on the basis of these new neutrosophic soft

∗

b

open sets. Neutrosophic soft separation axioms and other separation axioms are addressed in neutrosophic soft quad-topological structures. The engagement of these axioms is switched over with different results with respect to soft points. Neutrosophic soft topological properties of some results are also addressed in neutrosophic soft quad-topological structure. To secure the results, examples are constructed. The nonvalidity of some results are justified with examples. The understanding of some complicated problems is secured with simple techniques.
The Promising Role of Chemokines in Vitiligo: From Oxidative Stress to the Autoimmune Response
Authors: He Shan , Xu Jinhua , Wu Jinfeng
Published: January 2022

Vitiligo is a common chronic autoimmune skin disorder featured with depigmented patches and underlying destruction of melanocytes in the lesional skin. Multiple factors and mechanisms have been proposed for the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo, among which oxidative stress has been widely accepted as a key factor in initiating melanocyte loss. The altered redox status caused by oxidative stress, including the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decreased activity of the antioxidant system in the skin, surrenders the resistance of melanocytes to exogenous or endogenous stimuli and eventually impairs the normal defense mechanism, leading to the absence of melanocytes. Considering the important role of innate and adaptive immunity in vitiligo, there is mounting evidence revealing an association between oxidative stress and autoimmunity. Since the significant changes of chemokines have been documented in vitiligo in many recent studies, it has been suggested that ROS-mediated chemotactic signals are not only the biomarkers of disease progression and prognosis but also are involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo by facilitating the innate and adaptive immune cells, especially melanocyte-specific T cells, trafficking to the lesional areas of vitiligo. In this review, we discuss the interaction between oxidative stress and autoimmune response orchestrated by chemokines, including CXCL16-CXCR6 axis, CXCL9/CXCL10-CXCR3 axis, and other altered chemokines in vitiligo, and we also try to provide insight into potential therapeutic options through targeting these pathways.
Subversion of Serotonin Receptor Signaling in Osteoblasts by Kynurenine Drives Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Galán-Díez Marta , Borot Florence , Ali Abdullah Mahmood , Zhao Junfei , Gil-Iturbe Eva , Shan Xiaochuan , Luo Na , Liu Yongfeng , Huang Xi-Ping , Bisikirska Brygida , Labella Rossella , Kurland Irwin , Roth Bryan L. , Quick Matthias , Mukherjee Siddhartha , Rabadán Raul , Carroll Martin , Raza Azra , Kousteni Stavroula
Published: January 2022

Remodeling of the microenvironment by tumor cells can activate pathways that favor cancer growth. Molecular delineation and targeting of such malignant-cell nonautonomous pathways may help overcome resistance to targeted therapies. Herein we leverage genetic mouse models, patient-derived xenografts, and patient samples to show that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exploits peripheral serotonin signaling to remodel the endosteal niche to its advantage. AML progression requires the presence of serotonin receptor 1B (HTR1B) in osteoblasts and is driven by AML-secreted kynurenine, which acts as an oncometabolite and HTR1B ligand. AML cells utilize kynurenine to induce a proinflammatory state in osteoblasts that, through the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), acts in a positive feedback loop on leukemia cells by increasing expression of IDO1—the rate-limiting enzyme for kynurenine synthesis—thereby enabling AML progression. This leukemia–osteoblast cross-talk, conferred by the kynurenine–HTR1B–SAA–IDO1 axis, could be exploited as a niche-focused therapeutic approach against AML, opening new avenues for cancer treatment.

Significance:

AML remains recalcitrant to treatments due to the emergence of resistant clones. We show a leukemia-cell nonautonomous progression mechanism that involves activation of a kynurenine–HTR1B–SAA–IDO1 axis between AML cells and osteoblasts. Targeting the niche by interrupting this axis can be pharmacologically harnessed to hamper AML progression and overcome therapy resistance.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873
Comparison of Risk Stratification Scores in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Monocentric Retrospective Study at Lausanne University Hospital
Authors: Vraka Argyro , Yerly Patrick , Aubert John-David
Published: January 2022

Background: Risk assessment is the cornerstone of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) management. Risk stratification scores predict prognosis and help individualize treatment. Objectives: The aims of the study include the following: (1) to compare the prediction for transplant-free survival (TFs) of 3 risk assessment tools at 3 and 5 years after diagnosis and (2) to analyze whether the initial risk stratification was altered after 1 year of treatment. Method: We collected retrospectively data of 50 patients diagnosed with PAH Group 1. We categorized them as low, intermediate, and high mortality risk at baseline and at 1 year with the (1) Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL) risk score version 2.0, (2) Swedish/Comparative Prospective Registry of Newly Initiated Therapies for Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) (COMPERA) score, and (3) French PH Network Registry (FPHR) score. Results: TFs at 3 years is predicted by the 3 scores computed at baseline with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73, 0.73, and 0.77, respectively. The predictive value increased when the scores were calculated after 1 year of treatment (AUC = 0.91, 0.89, and 0.78). The prediction of TFs at 5 years was better evaluated by the COMPERA and FPHR (AUC = 0.85) than by REVEAL 2.0 (AUC = 0.69) computed at baseline. A low risk status was associated with excellent TFs whatever the scoring used. Conclusion: In accordance with the original publications, the 3 scores are able to predict survival up to 5 years after diagnosis. The better performance of the scores after 1 year is a further evidence for their clinical use and an indirect proof for treatment efficacy.
Keterkaitan Antar Sektor dan Antar Wilayah dalam Perekonomian Provinsi Lampung: Analisis Data Tabel Inter Regional Input Output (IRIO) Tahun 2016
Authors: Rahmawan Ihsan Maulid , Angraini Widdia
Published: January 2022

Provinsi Lampung merupakan provinsi yang memiliki potensi untuk mengembangkan pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia. Dalam perekonomiannya, Provinsi Lampung memiliki potensi terutama di sektor pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan serta industri pengolahan. Analisis ekonomi secara lebih komprehensif tidak hanya mengamati keterkaitan antar sektor ekonomi melainkan juga perlu mempertimbangkan keterkaitan antar wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perekonomian Provinsi Lampung bukan hanya dengan menganalisis keterkaitan antar sektornya, tetapi juga menganalisis keterkaitannya dengan wilayah lain di Indonesia. Model yang digunakan adalah analisis tabel Inter-Regional Input-Output (IRIO). Tabel IRIO yang digunakan berukuran 17 industri x 34 provinsi diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor kunci di Provinsi Lampung adalah industri pengolahan (C) serta pengadaan listrik dan gas (D). Sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas (D) memiliki nilai pengganda output terbesar baik terhadap perekonomian Provinsi Lampung maupun terhadap perekonomian nasional. Sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan (A) memiliki nilai pengganda NTB yang relatif paling besar baik terhadap perekonomian Provinsi Lampung maupun terhadap perekonomian nasional. Jika dilihat dari pola perdagangan input antaranya, perdagangan input antara Provinsi Lampung secara umum lebih didominasi oleh perdagangan dengan wilayah Pulau Jawa dibandingkan dengan Pulau Sumatera. Selanjutnya, apabila dilihat menurut provinsinya, Provinsi Lampung memiliki keterkaitan ke depan (forward linkage) dan keterkaitan ke belakang (backward linkage) paling erat dengan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan serta provinsi-provinsi di Pulau Jawa.
Lama Mencari Kerja di Indonesia dengan Menggunakan Analisis Survival
Authors: Friska Maya
Published: January 2022

Unemployment hurts society. During this period of unemployment, job seekers will use their savings/assets. As long as the unemployment period has not ended, job seekers will need more of these savings/assets to meet their needs. This study aims to determine the effect of job seekers based on gender, age, and education level on how long they can get a job in Indonesia. This study uses the National Labor Force Survey Panel data set (SAKERNAS PANEL 2017) through a survival analysis approach with Cox Proportional Hazard Regression. The results showed that unproductive age and higher education level would extend the length of time job seekers was looking for work.
Scyliorhinus hachijoensis, a new species of catshark from the Izu Islands, Japan (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae)
Authors: ITO NANAMI , FUJII MIHO , NOHARA KENJI , TANAKA SHO
Published: January 2022

A new species of catshark genus Scyliorhinus, S. hachijoensis sp. nov., is described for the islands of Mikurajima, Hachijojima, and Torishima in southeastern Japan. Scyliorhinus hachijoensis has clasper hooks, which is a common feature in males of the most closely related species (S. torazame), but is distinguished by its coloration (presence of dark spots), the height of its anal fin (higher than the caudal peduncle), and the shape of pectoral and pelvic fins, and dermal denticles. Molecular data also corroborates the new species as a distinct and monophyletic taxon by nucleotide sequence analysis of three mitochondrial DNA regions.
Варијантност лингвистичке терминологије у србистици код именовања лексике преузете из словенских језика
Authors: Јанковић [Janković] Јелена [Jelena] Драгослав [Dragoslav]
Published: January 2022

Variance of Serbian Linguistic Terms for Naming Lexemes Borrowed from Slavic LanguagesThis article provides an overview of Serbian linguistic terms for naming lexemes borrowed from Slavic languages. The terms were extracted from the reference linguistic sources in which they are mentioned, such as encyclopedic dictionaries of the linguistic terminology of the Serbian language and the latest Правопис српскога језика [Orthographic Rules of the Serbian Language], and from previous Serbian literature, such as monographs, studies and articles by various Serbian linguists. Considering the entire extracted material, the study notes terminological problems concerning the variance and inconsistency of linguistic terms in this area. It also makes a comparison with linguistic terms in other Slavic languages, based on the material from the Dictionary of Slavonic Linguistic Terminology and the Slavic Bibliographic Database iSybislaw. Wariantywność serbskich terminów językoznawczych na określenie leksemów zapożyczonych z języków słowiańskichNiniejszy artykuł przedstawia serbskie terminy językoznawcze określające leksemy zapożyczone z języków słowiańskich. Omawiane terminy pochodzą ze źródeł językoznawczych, w których się pojawiają, takich jak encyklopedyczne słowniki serbskiej terminologii językoznawczej czy najnowszy Правопис српскога језика [Zasady ortograficzne języka serbskiego], oraz z serbskiej literatury przedmiotu, np. monografii, studiów i artykułów serbskich językoznawców. W odniesieniu do całości analizowanego materiału, opracowanie zwraca uwagę na problemy terminologiczne związane z wariantywnością i niespójnością terminów językoznawczych w tym zakresie. Dokonuje również porównania z terminami w innych językach słowiańskich na podstawie materiału ze słownika pod redakcją Aloisa Jedlički (Slovník slovanské lingvistické terminologie / Словарь славянской лингвистической терминологии / Dictionary of Slavonic Linguistic Terminology) oraz bibliograficznej bazy danych iSybislaw.
Energetics Analysis of the Eddy–Kuroshio Interaction East of Taiwan
Authors: Yan Xiaomei , Kang Dujuan , Pang Chongguang , Zhang Linlin , Liu Hongwei
Published: January 2022

The three-dimensional energetics evolution during eddy–Kuroshio interactions east of Taiwan is systematically investigated in a time-dependent theoretical framework using outputs from an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model. Composite analyses are conducted based on 17 anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and 19 cyclonic eddies (CEs). These westward propagating mesoscale eddies impinge on the Kuroshio at ∼22°N, ∼124.5°E and interact with the Kuroshio with a mean duration of ∼70 days. During the interaction, all the eddy energy reservoirs and eddy–mean flow energy conversions exhibit complex spatial–temporal variations. In particular, during the strong interaction period (days 18–54), both AEs and CEs are deformed into an elliptic shape, with the major axis in the northeast–southwest direction due to the squeeze of surrounding eddies, and obtain kinetic energy from the mean flow. Overall, the eddies are weakened gradually after encountering the Kuroshio, with the energy of CEs decreased more rapidly than that of AEs. The eddies decay through two pathways: transferring ∼8% of eddy available potential energy (EPE) to the mean flow, and converting ∼64% of EPE to eddy kinetic energy (EKE) via the baroclinic instability with the majority of the EKE finally dissipated. The results suggest that although the time-dependent energy conversion terms vanish upon time averaging, they play important but opposite roles in the evolution of AEs and CEs. The analysis in this work is on the synoptic and intraseasonal time scales; hence, it provides a basis for understanding the long-term variations of the eddy–Kuroshio interaction and associated climate change.
A Systematic Review of Oral Nutritional Supplement and Wound Healing
Authors: Daher Ghazal S. , Choi Karen Y. , Wells Jeffery W. , Goyal Neerav
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To explore the current literature for effects of oral nutritional supplement on wound healing rates in humans.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Medline and PubMed database following PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed database was searched using terms relating to oral nutritional supplement and wound healing from 1837 to March 2020. Study inclusion criteria were: (i) design: randomized controlled trials, clinical studies, observational studies, clinical trials; (ii) population: adults; and (iii) intervention: oral nutritional supplement.

Results:

The search yielded 2433 studies, 313 of which were clinical trials or clinical studies. After abstract review, 28 studies qualified to be included in the review evaluating the following supplementation categories on wound healing: protein and amino acids (10), mineral, vitamin and antioxidants (9), probiotics (1), and mixed nutrients (8). Arginine and omega-3 supplement were shown to improve wound healing in head and neck cancer patients with surgical wounds by decreasing incidence of postoperative complications and reducing length of hospital stay. Mineral, vitamins, and antioxidants enriched supplements were more beneficial in increasing wound healing than non-enriched protein supplement for diabetic foot and pressure ulcers.

Conclusions:

Supplementation of a variety of nutrients had variable effects on improving wound healing in different types of wounds. However, further research on the impact of nutritional supplements on surgical wound healing is necessary. The impact of multiple nutrient formulations may also need to be further evaluated for efficacy.
Suture Ligation of Pyriform Sinus Fistulas Following Cauterization to Treat Branchial Cleft Anomalies
Authors: Jeong In Seong , Lee Yoon Se , Cho Won Ki , Choi Seung-Ho , Kim Sang Yoon , Nam Soon Yuhl
Published: January 2022

Objectives:

Obliteration with cauterization of the internal opening of pyriform sinus fistulas, with or without marsupialization, has been a mainstay for preventing recurrence. However, this procedure predisposes patients to recurrence caused by the reopening of the cauterized orifice. We applied suture ligation to secure the closure of the internal orifice following cauterization and evaluated treatment

Methods:

A total of 42 patients were diagnosed with third or fourth branchial cleft anomaly with internal pyriform sinus fistula and treated either with cauterization or with cauterization and suture ligation, between January 2008 and December 2020. The medical records were reviewed to assess demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, diagnoses, surgical treatment, and outcomes. Treatment flow characteristics for intractable patients were analyzed.

Results:

The median age of onset was 9 years (range, 0-57 years). Neck swelling (n = 32, 76.2%) was commonly encountered symptom, and a history of neck infection was found in 27 patients (64.3%). After initial treatment, 11 cases (56.2%) recurred. Younger age (≤9 years) and thyroid involvement were associated with recurrence ( P = .034 and P = .046, respectively). Cauterization with suture ligation presented lower recurrence rate (19.2%) than cauterization only (37.5%, P = .037). Cauterization with suture ligation for recurrent cases (n = 11) showed 81.8% (9/11) of cure rate. Intractable fistulas (n = 2) from both groups were also salvaged by suture ligation.

Conclusions:

Suture ligation with cauterization for an internal orifice of branchial anomaly showed lower recurrence rate than cauterization only. This method was beneficial for refractory cases.