bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The logotropic dark fluid: Observational and thermodynamic constraints
Authors: Al Mamon Abdulla , Saha Subhajit
Published: August 2020

We have considered a spatially flat, homogeneous and isotropic FLRW universe filled with a single fluid, known as logotropic dark fluid (LDF), whose pressure evolves through a logarithmic equation-of-state. We use the recent Pantheon SNIa and cosmic chronometer datasets to constrain the parameters of this model, the present fraction of DM [Formula: see text] and the Hubble constant [Formula: see text]. We find that the mean values of these parameters are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at the [Formula: see text] CL. We also find that the LDF model shows a smooth transition from the deceleration phase to acceleration phase of the universe in the recent past. We note that the redshift of this transition [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] error) and is well consistent with the present observations. Interestingly, we find that the universe will settle down to a [Formula: see text]CDM model in future and there will not be any future singularity in the LDF model. Furthermore, we notice that there is no significant difference between the LDF and [Formula: see text]CDM models at the present epoch, but the difference (at the percent level) between these models is found as the redshift increases. We have also studied the generalized second law of thermodynamics at the dynamical apparent horizon for the LDF model with the Bekenstein and Viaggiu entropies.
Novel feature of doubly bubble nuclei in 50 ≤ Z(N) ≤ 82 region along with magicity and weakly bound structure
Authors: Kumawat M. , Saxena G. , Kaushik M. , Jain S. K. , Deegwal J. K. , Aggarwal Mamta
Published: August 2020

In this work, we identify a unique and novel feature of central density depletion in both proton and neutron named as doubly bubble nuclei in [Formula: see text] region. The major role of 2d-3s single-particle (s.p.) states in the existence of halo and bubble nuclei is probed. The occupancy in s.p. state 3s[Formula: see text] leads to the extended neutron density distribution or halo while the unoccupancy results in the central density depletion. By employing the Relativistic Mean-Field (RMF) approach along with NL3* parameter, the separation energies, s.p. energies, pairing energies, proton and neutron density profiles along with deformations of even–even nuclei are investigated. Our results are concise with few other theories and available experimental data. Emergence on new shell closure and the magicity of conventional shell closures are explored systematically in this yet unknown region.
INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF WITHIN- AND BETWEEN-PATCH MOVEMENT IN A DYNAMIC MODEL OF DISEASE SPREAD
Authors: PATANARAPEELERT KLOT
Published: August 2020

The impact of human mobility on the spreading of disease in a metapopulation is emphasized on interconnecting between patches, whereas the current volume of movement within the local population is usually neglected. Here, the role of internal commuters is taken into account by two means, a local transmission rate and the volume of internal commuters. Dynamic model of human mobility in the metapopulation with gravity coupling is presented. In conjunction with the disease spreading, the impact on invasion threshold and epidemic final size are analyzed. For two-patch model, we show that under fixing parameters in gravity model, the existence of invasion threshold depends on the difference of local transmission rates and the proportion of internal commuters between two patches. For a fully connected network with an identical transmission rate, the difference in patch final sizes is driven by patch distribution of internal commuters. By neglecting the effect of spatial variation in a simple core–satellite model, we show that the heterogeneity of internal commuters and gravity coupling induce a complex pattern of threshold, which depend mostly on the exponent in gravity model, and are responsible for the differences among local epidemic sizes.
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Co–Ni–Fe–Gd–Mn ELECTRODEPOSITED THIN FILM
Authors: SURESH R. , SATHISHKUMAR P. , KUMARAVELAN S. , SESHADRI S.
Published: August 2020

The magnetic properties and microstructures of electrodeposited Co–Ni–Fe–Gd thin films have been investigated for various concentrations of Mn. Nanocrystalline Co–Ni–Fe–Gd alloy thin films were deposited by electrodeposition method on copper substrate with different concentrations of Mn. Microstructures of the deposited Co–Ni–Fe–Gd films were investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and different morphologies such as one-dimensional flower-like crystallites and two-dimensional plate-like crystallites were observed. The Co–Ni–Fe–Gd alloy films exhibit both soft and hard magnetic properties as the Mn ion concentration is varied and the best soft magnetic character is obtained when Mn concentration is 0.1 M, which may be a good candidate for MEMS and recording media.
MULTIVARIATE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR FINANCIAL RETURNS
Authors: MADAN DILIP B.
Published: August 2020

Multivariate return distributions consistent with bilateral gamma marginals are formulated and termed multivariate bilateral gamma (MBG). Tail probability distances and Wasserstein distances between return data, model simulations and their squares evaluate the model performance. A full Gaussian copula [Formula: see text] is taken as an alternate test model and the MBG delivers a comparatively better performance for equity pairs. The MBG is however inadequate for the S&P 500 index return when paired with the VIX returns. Applying MBG to the S&P 500 the index and regression residuals of VIX on the S&P 500 index return is successful. This model is termed MBGR. The residual taken as an independent bilateral gamma, delivers the model MBGIR. Characteristic function estimations are employed to develop asset-specific VIX levels and their joint returns with the asset return are studied. The CBOE SKEW index is generalized to be asset-specific and triples of returns for the asset, its VIX and its SKEW are studied using all four models and performance statistics. The model MBGR continues to deliver a good performance.
Auctions with an Invitation Cost
Authors: Ekström Erik , Lindberg Carl
Published: August 2020

We consider an auction in which a seller invites potential buyers to a sealed-bid first-price auction, without disclosing to the buyers the number of extended invitations. In the presence of a fixed invitation cost for each invited bidder, the whole auction can be described as a game, where the set of players consists of all bidders together with the seller. In a setting with fully observable common values we show the existence of a Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies. In this equilibrium, the seller should invite precisely one or two potential buyers with certain probabilities, and each invited buyer should place a randomized bid according to a certain distribution.
Dynamic Stability and Response of Inclined Beams Under Moving Mass and Follower Force
Authors: Yang D. S. , Wang C. M. , Yau J. D.
Published: August 2020

This paper is concerned with the dynamic stability and response of an inclined Euler–Bernoulli beam under a moving mass and a moving follower force. The extended Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the governing equation of motion and the boundary conditions for this general moving load/force problem. Considering a simply supported beam, one can solve the problem analytically by approximating the spatial part of the deflection with a Fourier sine series. Based on the formulation and method of solution, sample dynamic responses are determined for a beam that is inclined at 30[Formula: see text] with respect to the horizontal. It is shown that the dynamic response of the beam under a moving mass is rather different from an equivalent moving follower force. Also investigated herein are the dynamic stability of inclined beams under moving load/follower force which are described by four key variables, viz. the speed of the moving mass/follower force, concentrated mass to the beam distributed mass, vibration frequency and the magnitude of the moving mass/follower force. The critical axial load and the critical follower force are different when they are located at different positions in the beam; except for the special case when they are at the end of the beam.
Detection and Diagnosis of Skin Diseases Using Residual Neural Networks (RESNET)
Authors: Sharma Moolchand , Jain Bhanu , Kargeti Chetan , Gupta Vinayak , Gupta Deepak
Published: August 2020

Skin diseases have become prevalent in the present times. It has been observed in a study that every year the percentage of global population suffering from skin diseases is 1.79%. These diseases have a potential to become extremely dangerous if they are not treated in the nascent stages. It is extremely important that skin diseases are detected and diagnosed at the starting stages so that serious risks to life are avoided. Often, exhaustive tests are required so as to arrive on a conclusion regarding skin condition, the patient may be affected with. Thus, an expert system is required that has the ability to identify diseases and propose the required diagnosis. Presently, only a few solutions are available for diagnosis of skin diseases using computerized system but this is an era which is under extensive research and can be developed further. As the existing system has certain loopholes, this system attempts to override the present problems by applying a different approach. As a result of comparison of results from numerous research papers, an expert system has been developed by choosing residual neural networks (ResNet) and this system can be used to aid skin specialists in identifying and diagnosing various major diseases of skin like (Eczema, Psoriasis & Lichen Planus, Benign Tumors, Fungal Infections and Viral Infections) in more effective and efficient manner. The causes for identified skin disease can be outlined through this system and treatment can be provided. We have used Python language for implementing the proposed expert system that uses a 50-layer ResNets for training a dataset that has been taken from DERMNET. We achieved an accuracy of 95% using ResNet for training of the model and prediction of results at an epoch value of 10.
A Fast Single Image Fog Removal Method Using Geometric Mean Histogram Equalization
Authors: Zaghloul Rawan I. , Hiary Hazem
Published: August 2020

Fog is a natural phenomenon that affects scene visibility, it reduces the contrast of the image and causes color-fade. While various works in the literature have addressed this issue, a fast effective model is still lacking. In this paper, a single image fog removal based on Geometric Mean Histogram Equalization (GMHE) is proposed. In particular, the proposed method is composed of three steps. The primary step is to adaptively tune the performance of GMHE according to the properties of the color histogram of the foggy image. The obtained result then enters two levels of chromaticity enhancement using the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) and rotors color transformations, respectively. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method attains high performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods in terms of quality and execution time. The evaluation is performed qualitatively by visual assessment, and quantitatively using a set of full reference and no-reference-based measures. As well, we suggest an assessment criterion to combine the results of the standard measures in a single score to facilitate the comparisons between the different fog removal methods.
Color Enhancement Method to Improve the Colors of the Images Perceived by the Elderly People
Authors: Hassan Mohd Fikree
Published: August 2020

Smartphones and tablets present data and information in color images. Due to factors such as yellowing pigmentation and miosis filter, elderly people may experience difficulties and confusion when looking at the color images on smartphones and tablets. In this paper, we propose a color enhancement method to improve the color perceived by elderly people. This method is based on the color perception of the elderly simulated using the uniform yellowing pigmentation method. The proposed method enhances the colors of the images to compensate for the effect of yellowing pigmentation and miosis filter. This is achieved by utilizing the error parameters between the original colors and colors perceived by the elderly. Implementing an adaptation matrix, the error parameters are modified and distributed back into the original colors iteratively. Experimental results showed that the proposed method improves the colors perceived by the elderly.
Super-Resolution Based on Residual Learning and Optimized Phase Stretch Transform
Authors: Suryanarayana Gunnam , Rajesh Kandala N. V. P. S. , Yang Jie
Published: August 2020

High resolution infrared (IR) images are often required in military and industrial applications. Due to the limited properties of IR imaging sensors and camera lens, IR images exhibit poor spatial resolution with a blur phenomenon in the edge regions. In this correspondence, we develop a new super-resolution (SR)-IR image reconstruction method using the residual learning network in the wavelet domain (WRESNET) and optimized phase stretch transform (PST). Our algorithm first transforms the input low resolution (LR)-IR image into its low-frequency and high-frequency subbands using the discrete wavelet decomposition. Subsequently, we introduce the optimized PST to operate on the LR-IR image and extract the intrinsic edge structure. The PST behaves differently at low-frequency and high-frequency regions, thus capturing the intensity variations for edge detection. We incorporate the PST extracted edge map in the wavelet subbands to preserve the intrinsic structure of images. The resultant subbands are further refined based on the missing residuals obtained using the WRESNET. The proposed method is validated through quantitative and qualitative evaluations against the conventional and state-of-art SR methods. Results reveal that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods.
Interacting phantom cosmology via Noether symmetry approach
Authors: Kucukakca Yusuf
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we have presented a cosmological model where a phantom scalar field is minimally coupled to dark matter component. Noether symmetry method was applied both to investigate the cosmological solution and to find out what is the form of the potential of scalar field and the unknown function in the considered model. By using this method, these forms are resulted as trigonometric functions. Also, the obtained cosmological solutions are compatible with observations describing the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Furthermore, it turns out that the effective equation of state parameter in the model can cross the phantom divide line.
Path planning in a Riemannian manifold using optimal control
Authors: Mazumdar Souma
Published: August 2020

We consider the motion planning of an object in a Riemannian manifold where the object is steered from an initial point to a final point utilizing optimal control. Considering Pontryagin Minimization Principle we compute the Optimal Controls needed for steering the object from initial to final point. The Optimal Controls were solved with respect to time [Formula: see text] and shown to have norm [Formula: see text] which should be the case when the extremal trajectories, which are the solutions of Pontryagin Principle, are arc length parametrized. The extremal trajectories are supposed to be the geodesics on the Riemannian manifold. So we compute the geodesic curvature and the Gaussian curvature of the Riemannian structure.
Proof of a conjectural congruence of Chan for Appell–Lerch sums
Authors: Fan Yan , Wang Liuquan , Xia Ernest X. W.
Published: August 2020

In 2012, Chan posed six conjectures on congruences for Appell–Lerch sums and five of them were proved by mathematicians. In this paper, we confirm the remaining conjectural congruence of Chan by utilizing an identity due to Hickerson and Mortenson and the theory of modular forms.
Mean value theorems for a class of density-like arithmetic functions
Authors: Reis Lucas
Published: August 2020

This paper provides a mean value theorem for arithmetic functions [Formula: see text] defined by [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is an arithmetic function taking values in [Formula: see text] and satisfying some generic conditions. As an application of our main result, we prove that the density [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]) of normal (respectively, primitive) elements in the finite field extension [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] are arithmetic functions of (nonzero) mean values.
On the moments of torsion points modulo primes and their applications
Authors: Akbary Amir , Wong Peng-Jie
Published: August 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be the group of [Formula: see text]-torsion points of a commutative algebraic group [Formula: see text] defined over a number field [Formula: see text]. For a prime [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], we let [Formula: see text] be the number of [Formula: see text]-solutions of the system of polynomial equations defining [Formula: see text] when reduced modulo [Formula: see text]. Here, [Formula: see text] is the residue field at [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] denote the number of primes [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. We then, for algebraic groups of dimension one, compute the [Formula: see text]th moment limit [Formula: see text] by appealing to the Chebotarev density theorem. We further interpret this limit as the number of orbits of the action of the absolute Galois group of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] copies of [Formula: see text] by an application of Burnside’s Lemma. These concrete examples suggest a possible approach for determining the number of orbits of a group acting on [Formula: see text] copies of a set.
Facile Preparation of In-Situ S-Doped Flake Carbon Materials from Metal-Organic Frameworks and Its Application in Electrochemical Detection of Hg (II)
Authors: Zhou Shenghai , Xu Hongbo , Gao Jing
Published: August 2020

S-doped carbon materials have recently attracted much attention as electrode materials for electrocatalysis and sensors applications. Herein, we report a facile route for the preparation in situ of flake S-doped carbon nanomaterial by using plate-like sulfur-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a pyrolytic precursor without additional carbon and sulfur sources. The resultant MOFs-derived carbon (denoted as PSMC) was further characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Then a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for selective determination of Hg (II) was achieved by designing PSMC as the active electrode material. The sensitivity of Hg (II) at the sensor is 2.12[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]ppb[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] according to the slope of the calibration plot and electrode area. Finally, the PSMC-based sensor was proved feasible in river water sample analyses. This work may also provide a valuable clue for the preparation of flake S-doped carbon sensing material as a new application of MOFs-based materials.¡abs¿
Constructing Ni–Mo2C Nanohybrids Anchoring on Highly Porous Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Multifunctional Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zheng Penglun , Liu Quanyi , Peng Xiaoliang , Li Laiquan , Yang Jun
Published: August 2020

It is important for regenerative fuel cells, rechargeable metal–air batteries and water splitting to find reasonable designed nonprecious metal catalysts, which have efficient and durable electrocatalytic activities for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, through a simple hydrothermal method and following annealing process, Mo2C and Ni nanoparticles were encapsulated in a nanoporous hierarchical structure of carbon (Ni/Mo2C/C). The ingenious structure delivers several favorable characteristics including abundant active sites resulting from hollow and mesoporous architecture, boosted reaction kinetics from metallic components, sufficient interfacial effect and synergistic effect from intimate integration of Mo2C, Ni and C. The multifunctional Ni/Mo2C/C hybrid electrocatalyst performs excellently for ORR, OER and HER, better than most of the reported electrocatalysts with three functions. A facile and novel strategy was developed to construct the multifunctional catalysts with excellent electrocatalysis behavior.
Enhanced optical and thermoelectric properties of ZnO by tin and fluorine codoping: First-principles DFT calculations
Authors: Djillali K. , Mana M. , Baghdad R. , Labdelli A. , Nacef A. , Benderdouche N.
Published: August 2020

Ab initio density functional calculations of the structural, optoelectronic, thermoelectric and thermodynamic properties of ZnO codoped with tin and fluorine with possible application as Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO’s), are reported in this work. This study shows that incorporation of Sn and F into the ZnO matrix converts it to a degenerate semiconductor. The calculated optical absorption coefficients show that the four compounds ZnO, Sn:ZnO, F:ZnO and Sn:F:ZnO have transparent properties in the visible range. At 900[Formula: see text]K, the Seebeck coefficient of Sn:F:ZnO is greatly improved with respect to the undoped ZnO. A maximum electrical conductivity value of [Formula: see text]S cm[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text] is predicted for Sn-doped ZnO. ZT increases with temperature to a maximum value of 0.13 at 900[Formula: see text]K for tin and fluorine codoped ZnO.
Capacitive Chemical Sensors Based on Two-Dimensional WSe2
Authors: Kim Ayeong , Lee Geonyeop , Kim Suhyun , Kim Jihyun
Published: August 2020

We demonstrated capacitive-type chemical sensors (chemicapacitor sensors) based on two-dimensional (2D) tungsten diselenide (WSe2). The integration of 2D materials with high surface-to-volume ratios and a capacitor resulted in excellent chemical sensing with high selectivity, high sensitivity, and fast response. WSe2-based 2D chemicapacitors were fabricated by combining exfoliated WSe2 flakes with parallel-plate capacitors. The sensing ability of WSe2-based 2D chemicapacitors towards NO2 molecules was characterized by monitoring the changes in capacitance (ΔC/C0, ∼65%) and parallel resistance (ΔRp/Rp0, ∼−90%) due to the adsorption of NO2 molecules (200 ppm). Transient sensing characteristics with fast response and recovery were achieved with adequate reproducibility. Interestingly, ΔC/C0 and ΔRp/Rp0 exhibited different behaviors, which can be a useful value for distinguishing between different target gas molecules. Our novel approach provides a convenient and effective method for producing 2D chemicapacitor sensors at low cost and with low power consumption.
Increased Surgical Complications but Improved Overall Survival with Adult Living Donor Compared to Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tang Wei , Qiu Jian-Guo , Cai Yang , Cheng Luo , Du Cheng-You
Published: August 2020

Background. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) provides an alternative to deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) for patients with end‐stage liver disease in the circumstance of scarcity of deceased grafts. However, the outcomes of LDLT remain controversial. Method. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to compare the outcomes of LDLT with DDLT. Twelve outcomes were assessed. Results. Thirty‐nine studies involving 38563 patients were included. LDLT was comparable in red blood cell transfusion, perioperative mortality, length of hospital stay, retransplantation rate, hepatitis C virus recurrence rate, and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence rate with DDLT. Cold ischemia time was shorter and duration of recipient operation was longer in LDLT. Postoperative intra‐abdominal bleeding rate occurred less frequently in LDLT recipients (odds ratio (OR) = 0.64, 95%confidence interval (CI) = 0.46 − 0.88, P = 0.006), but this did not decrease the perioperative mortality. LDLT was associated with significantly higher biliary (OR = 2.23, 95%CI = 1.59 − 3.13, P < 0.00001) and vascular (OR = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.31 − 3.07, P = 0.001) complication rates and better overall survival (OS) (1 year: OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.01 − 1.72, P = 0.04; 3 years: OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.14 − 1.69, P = 0.0010; and 5 years: OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.04 − 1.70, P = 0.02). According to subgroup analysis, biliary complication rate and OS improved dramatically as experience increased, while vascular complication rate could not be improved because it was mainly caused by the difference of the donor type itself. Conclusions. LDLT remains a valuable option for patients in need of liver transplantation for it provides an excellent alternative to DDLT without compromising recipient outcomes. Further refinement in biliary and vascular reconstruction techniques and the accumulation of liver transplantation centers’ experience are the key factors in expanding the application of LDLT.
The Role of Bacterial Biofilm in Antibiotic Resistance and Food Contamination
Authors: Abebe Gedif Meseret
Published: August 2020

Biofilm is a microbial association or community attached to different biotic or abiotic surfaces or environments. These surface-attached microbial communities can be found in food, medical, industrial, and natural environments. Biofilm is a critical problem in the medical sector since it is formed on medical implants within human tissue and involved in a multitude of serious chronic infections. Food and food processing surface become an ideal environment for biofilm formation where there are sufficient nutrients for microbial growth and attachment. Therefore, biofilm formation on these surfaces, especially on food processing surface becomes a challenge in food safety and human health. Microorganisms within a biofilm are encased within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances that can act as a barrier and recalcitrant for different hostile conditions such as sanitizers, antibiotics, and other hygienic conditions. Generally, they persist and exist in food processing environments where they become a source of cross-contamination and foodborne diseases. The other critical issue with biofilm formation is their antibiotic resistance which makes medication difficult, and they use different physical, physiological, and gene-related factors to develop their resistance mechanisms. In order to mitigate their production and develop controlling methods, it is better to understand growth requirements and mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the role of bacterial biofilms in antibiotic resistance and food contamination and emphasizes ways for controlling its production.
Effects of 2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin on T Cell Differentiation in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: She Chunhui , Wang Jing , Tang Ning , Liu Zhaoyang , Xu Lishan , Liu Bin
Published: August 2020

Exposure to dioxins, such as 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD), is reported to affect the autoimmune system and increase the risk of autoimmune disease. Generally, dioxin exerts its toxicity via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune disease, and its pathogenesis involves the interplay between immune and environmental factors. This study showed the effect of dendritic cells (DCs) activated by TCDD on naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation in patients with PBC. CD14+ mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with PBC and healthy people by magnetic cell separation and introduced into DCs. Two days after stimulation by TCDD, DCs were cocultured with naïve CD4+ T cells in a ratio of 1 : 2 for 3 days. Then, differentiation‐related factors for naïve CD4+ T cells were detected by real‐time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry. The results showed that TCDD‐activated DCs could promote Th1 and Th17 differentiation in patients with PBC. Therefore, this study demonstrated TCDD as an AhR agonist in regulating naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation in patients with PBC.
Colored Petri Net-Based Verification and Improvement of Time-Sensitive Single-Unit Manufacturing for the Soil Preparation Instrument of Space Missions
Authors: Yung Kai Leung , Gao Ming , Liu An , Hung Ip Wai , Jiang Shancheng
Published: August 2020

Various space missions, including the Russian and Chinese interplanetary exploration collaboration in 2011 and the Phobos-Grunt space project to be relaunched by the Chinese in 2025, carry a soil preparation system (SOPSYS), which is an instrument used for scientific experiments. The design and manufacture of this precision instrument require stringent manufacturing processes and workflow of the highest quality, with every process in the project carefully monitored and controlled. All processes should be completed within the deadline so that the space project can be launched at the scheduled time. The colored Petri net (CPN) modeling method can describe a variety of resource types and execution logic, and it can be formally verified. Based on these advantages, we clearly describe the complex structure of the SPOSYS unit production process. In addition, we use critical time and the 6 sigma system to evaluate the availability and reliability of workflows, and we use elimination and simplification (ECRS) methods and constraint theory to improve the manufacturing process of the SOPSYS unit. We further provide optimization theories, methods, and insights for workflow management in time-sensitive and independent manufacturing systems.
lncRNA-SNHG14 Promotes Atherosclerosis by Regulating RORα Expression through Sponge miR-19a-3p
Authors: Zhu Baoliang , Liu Jing , Zhao Ying , Yan Jing
Published: August 2020

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cardiovascular disease with high prevalence, disability, and mortality. The balance between proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a key role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. In this study, we found a significant decrease in the expression of lncRNA-SNHG14 in atherosclerotic plaque tissues of ApoE-/- mice. Overexpression of lncRNA-SNHG14 can inhibit VSMC proliferation while promoting apoptosis. There is a potential reciprocal regulatory relationship between lncRNASNHG14 and miR-19a-3p, which inhibit each other’s expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, the luciferase reporter gene analysis results showed that there was a direct interaction between miR-19a-3p and the 3′UTR of RORα. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the level of RORα mRNA was significantly increased in the aortas treated with miR-19a-3p and SNHG14 compared with that treated with miR-19a-3p alone. In conclusion, we demonstrated that lncRNA-SNHG14 regulates the apoptosis/proliferation balance of VSMCs in atherosclerosis.
Protective Effects of Yiqi Xingnao Oral Liquid on Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in Rats and Its Related Mechanisms
Authors: Pang Tao , Zhao Jing , Zhang Feng , Piao Shujuan , Yang Hong , Jiao Jianpeng , Tang Lei , Lu Wenquan , Chen Wansheng
Published: August 2020

Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Yiqi Xingnao (YQXN) oral liquid on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and YQXN’s related mechanisms. Methods. Rats were pretreated with 3 mL/kg, 6 mL/kg, and 12 mL/kg YQXN and Naoxuekang capsule (NXK). Afterwards, cerebral I/R model rats were established by a middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery. Neurological deficits, histopathology, and cerebral infarction volume were used to evaluate the effects of YQXN. Evans blue and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were utilized to determine the blood‐brain barrier permeability and cell apoptosis, respectively. The expression of VEGF and Bcl‐2 was analyzed by real‐time quantification PCR (RT‐qPCR) and western blot. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured using corresponding assay kits. Results. The rats pretreated with YQXN had improved neurological deficits, reduced infarct volume and blood‐brain barrier permeability, and ameliorated ischemia‐induced morphology change in injured brain tissues. TUNEL staining results showed that different concentrations of YQXN inhibited cell apoptosis of neurocytes in I/R rats. Besides, RT‐qPCR and western blot analyses indicated that the expression levels of VEGF and Bcl‐2 were significantly upregulated by YQXN compared with the I/R group (P < 0.05). Additionally, rats in the I/R group had lower SOD activity and higher MDA content than those in the sham‐operated group, while their levels were recovered by YQXN (P < 0.05). Conclusion. YQXN could alleviate cerebral I/R injury by suppressing blood‐brain barrier permeability, neuron apoptosis, and oxidative stress, promoting angiogenesis.
Expression and Correlation of Cell-Free cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 mRNA in Breast Cancer Patients: A Study from India
Authors: Verma Amit Kumar , Ahmad Irfan , Yadav Prasant , Rahmani Arshad Husain , Khan Bazila , Alsahli Mohammed A. , Joshi Prakash C. , Ahmad Hafiz , Ali Beg Mirza Masroor
Published: August 2020

Background. Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins such as cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 have recently emerged as the key mechanism in resistance to apoptosis in various cancers and lead to cell survival. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 expression in breast cancer patients, as well as their association with overall patient survival. Methods. Histopathologically confirmed 100 invasive ductal carcinoma patients and healthy controls were included in the present study. Total RNA extraction was done from the serum sample of the patients; further, 100 ng of total RNA was used to synthesise cDNA from patients’ as well as from healthy controls’ serum. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using the maxima SYBR Green dye to study the expression of cIAP-1 and cIAP-2, and beta-actin was used as the internal control. Results. The study observed that breast cancer patients had 13.50 mean fold increased cIAP-1 mRNA and 8.76 mean fold increased cIAP-2 mRNA expression compared to the control subjects. Breast cancer patients in the TNM stages I, II, III, and IV showed 9.54, 11.80, 15.19, and 16.83 mean fold increased cIAP-1 mRNA expression (p=0.004). Distant organ metastasis, (p=0.008), PR status of breast cancer patients (p<0.0001), and HER2 status of breast cancer patients (p<0.0001) were found to be associated with cIAP-1 mRNA expression. Breast cancer patients with different TNM stages such as stages I, II, III, and IV showed 7.8, 8.09, 7.97, and 12.85 mean fold increased cIAP-2 mRNA expression (p=0.0002). Breast cancer patients with distant organ metastases status were found to be associated with cIAP-2 mRNA expression (p<0.0001). Breast cancer patients with <13-fold and >13-fold cIAP-1 mRNA expression showed 37.39 months and 34.70 months of overall median survival, and the difference among them was found to be significant (p=0.0001). However, cIAP-2 mRNA expression among <8-fold and >8-fold mRNA expression groups showed 35 months and 27.90 months of overall median survival time (p<0.0001). Higher cIAP-1 mRNA expression was linked with smoking and alcoholism among the breast cancer patients (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001). Significant association of higher cIAP-1 mRNA expression was found with the advancement of the disease, while higher mRNA expression of cIAP-1 was associated with distant organ metastases in ROC curve analysis. Conclusion. The present study suggested that increased cell-free cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 mRNA expression was correlated with the advancement of disease, progression of disease, and overall reduced patient survival. Cell-free cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 mRNA expression could be the predictive indicator of the disease.
An Innovative Method for Conventional Triaxial Tests of Concrete: Applications of PVC Pipes as a Mould and Sealing Membrane
Authors: Wang Zhe , Zhou Xiaoguang , Feng Jili
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we propose an innovative method for conventional triaxial tests of concrete with a confining cell. The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is used as a mould to cast concrete and also as a membrane to isolate the concrete specimen from oil under confinements. This method is termed as PMM (i.e., PVC pipe is used as a mould and membrane). However, a heat‐shrink sleeve is used as a membrane in the traditional test method (TMM). Specimens were made from mortar without coarse aggregates in the present experiment. Under six confinements (0–70 MPa), the conventional triaxial compression tests were performed on ultrahigh‐strength (150 MPa) and high‐strength (82 MPa) mortar specimens by PMM and TMM. The results indicate the following: (i) there is a characteristic confinement p0; when the confinement is lower than p0, the strength by PMM is higher than that by TMM; on the contrary, when the confinement is higher than p0, the strengths by both methods are almost identical. In this work, p0 is between 0 and 5 MPa. (ii) When the confinement is 5–70 MPa, the relationship between the peak stress of high‐strength mortar and confinement is characterized by a monotonically rising straight line; however, a monotonically rising upward convex curve describes the peak stress of ultrahigh‐strength mortar related to the confinement. (iii) The residual strength using PMM is significantly higher than that using TMM at zero confinement or lower confinements, but the residual strengths by these two methods are approximately identical at higher confinements. (iv) The transverse cracks appear in the mortar specimen inside the PVC pipe after enduring a triaxial loading using PMM. However, there is no such phenomenon when TMM is applied.
The Determinant of DNA Repair Pathway Choices in Ionising Radiation‐Induced DNA Double‐Strand Breaks
Authors: Zhao Lei , Bao Chengyu , Shang Yuxuan , He Xinye , Ma Chiyuan , Lei Xiaohua , Mi Dong , Sun Yeqing
Published: August 2020

Ionising radiation‐ (IR‐) induced DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are considered to be the deleterious DNA lesions that pose a serious threat to genomic stability. The major DNA repair pathways, including classical nonhomologous end joining, homologous recombination, single‐strand annealing, and alternative end joining, play critical roles in countering and eliciting IR‐induced DSBs to ensure genome integrity. If the IR‐induced DNA DSBs are not repaired correctly, the residual or incorrectly repaired DSBs can result in genomic instability that is associated with certain human diseases. Although many efforts have been made in investigating the major mechanisms of IR‐induced DNA DSB repair, it is still unclear what determines the choices of IR‐induced DNA DSB repair pathways. In this review, we discuss how the mechanisms of IR‐induced DSB repair pathway choices can operate in irradiated cells. We first briefly describe the main mechanisms of the major DNA DSB repair pathways and the related key repair proteins. Based on our understanding of the characteristics of IR‐induced DNA DSBs and the regulatory mechanisms of DSB repair pathways in irradiated cells and recent advances in this field, We then highlight the main factors and associated challenges to determine the IR‐induced DSB repair pathway choices. We conclude that the type and distribution of IR‐induced DSBs, chromatin state, DNA‐end structure, and DNA‐end resection are the main determinants of the choice of the IR‐induced DNA DSB repair pathway.
A Novel Imidazopyridine Derivative Exerts Anticancer Activity by Inducing Mitochondrial Pathway‐Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Juanli , Wu Hong , Song Guiting , Yang Donglin , Huang Jiuhong , Yao Xiaofang , Qin Hongxia , Chen ZhongZhu , Xu Zhigang , Xu Chuan
Published: August 2020

Background. Cancer remains a major clinical challenge because of the lack of effective drug for its treatment. To find out novel cancer chemotherapeutic molecules, we explored the anticancer effect of novel imidazopyridine compound 9i and also investigated the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods. Human cervical cancer cell (HeLa) viability was measured by an MTT assay after treatment with compound 9i. Clonogenicity of HeLa cells was investigated by an in vitro colony formation assay. Cell death was visualized by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to determine apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential in HeLa cells. The expression level of apoptosis‐related proteins was also determined by western blot. Results. Compound 9i suppressed HeLa cell viability in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Compound 9i induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), activated caspase cascade, and finally resulted in apoptosis. Conclusion. Compound 9i induces mitochondrial pathway‐mediated apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells, suggesting that 9i could be a potential lead compound to be developed as a cancer therapeutic molecule.
Effect of Cold Working on the Driving Force of the Crack Growth and Crack Growth Rate of Welded Joints under One Overload
Authors: Yang Hongliang , Xue He , Yang Fuqiang , Wang Shuai
Published: August 2020

To understand the effect of cold working of welding heat‐affected zone on the driving force of the crack growth and crack growth rate of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) near the welding fusion line, the finite element simulation method was used to analyze the effect of cold working on the tensile stress of the crack tip at different locations near the fusion line. On this basis, the strain rate of the crack tip in the Ford‐Andresen model is replaced by the creep rate of the crack tip, and the creep rate of the crack tip is used as driving force for the crack growth of SCC. The effect of the cold working level at the heat‐affected zone on the driving force of the crack growth and crack growth rate of SCC are analyzed, and driving force of the crack growth and crack growth rate of SCC after one overload was compared.
A Nomogram Based on Radiomics with Mammography Texture Analysis for the Prognostic Prediction in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Jiang Xian , Zou Xiuhe , Sun Jing , Zheng Aiping , Su Chao
Published: August 2020

Objectives. To develop and validate a radiomics-based nomogram with texture features from mammography for the prognostic prediction in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods. The study included 200 consecutive patients with TNBC (training cohort: n = 133, validation cohort: n = 67). A total of 136 mammography-derived textural features were extracted, and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) was applied to select features for building the radiomics score (Rad-score). After univariate and multivariate logistic regression, a radiomics-based nomogram was constructed with independent prognostic factors. The discrimination and calibration power were assessed, and further the clinical applicability of the nomograms was evaluated. Results. Among the 136 mammography-derived textural features, fourteen were used to build the Rad-score after LASSO regression. A radiomics nomogram that incorporates Rad-score and pN stage was constructed. This nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.873 (95% CI: 0.758–0.989) for predicting iDFS (invasive disease-free survival), which outperformed the clinical model. Moreover, it is feasible to stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the optimal cut-off point of Rad-score. The validations of the nomogram confirmed favorable discrimination and considerable predictive efficiency. Conclusions. The radiomics nomogram that incorporates Rad-score and pN stage exhibited favorable performance in the prediction of iDFS in patients with early-stage TNBCs.
Flight Trajectory Simulation and Aerodynamic Parameter Identification of Large-Scale Parachute
Authors: Cao Yihua , Wei Ning
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the multibody parachute-payload system is simplified and analyzed. A six-degree-of-freedom rigid body flight dynamic model is established to calculate the flight trajectory, attitude, velocity, and drop point of the parachute-payload system. Secondly, the random interference factors that may be encountered in the actual airdrop test of the parachute system are analyzed. According to the distribution law of the interference factors, they are introduced into the flight dynamic model. The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the target and predict the flight trajectory and landing point distribution of the parachute system. The simulation results can provide technical support and theoretical basis for the parachute airdrop test. Finally, the genetic algorithm is used to identify the aerodynamic parameters of the large-scale Disk-Gap-Band parachute. The simulation results are in good agreement with the test results, which shows that the research method proposed in this paper can be applied to study practical engineering problems.
Protective Effects and Metabolic Regulatory Mechanisms of Shenyan Fangshuai Recipe on Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats
Authors: Deng Xinqi , Jiang Nan , Guo Li , Wang Chunguo , Li Jiaoyan , Liu Xiaoci , Zhu Bixiu , Cai Ruiyi , Chen Yanming , Wang Teng , Liu Lanying
Published: August 2020

Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major causes of renal damage. Shenyan Fangshuai Recipe (SFR), a modified prescription of traditional medicine in China, showed potent effects in alleviating edema, proteinuria, and hematuria of CKD in clinical practices. In this study, we aimed to investigate scientific evidence‐based efficacy as well as metabolic regulations of SFR in CKD treatment. Materials and Methods. The effect of SFR on CKD was observed in a rat model which is established with oral administration of adenine‐ethambutol mixture for 21 days. Further, metabolites in serum were detected and identified with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC‐HRMS). Metabolomics study was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Results. With H&E staining and Masson’s trichrome, the results showed that chronic kidney damage is significantly rescued with SFR treatment and recovered to an approximately normal condition. Along with 44 differential metabolites discovered, the regulation of SFR on CKD was enriched in glycine biosynthesis I, mitochondrial L‐carnitine shuttle pathway, phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis III, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signaling, L‐serine degradation, folate transformations I, noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation, salvage pathways of pyrimidine ribonucleotides, cysteine biosynthesis III (Mammalia), glycine betaine degradation, and cysteine biosynthesis/homocysteine degradation. Further, TGFβ‐1 and MMP‐9 were observed playing roles in this regulatory process by performing immunohistochemical staining. Conclusion. SFR exerts potent effects of alleviating glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in the kidney, mainly via integrated regulations on metabolism and production of homocysteine, L‐carnitine, and epinephrine, as well as the expression of TGFβ‐1. This study provides evidence for SFR’s protective effects on CKD and reveals the metabolic mechanism behind these benefits for the first time.