bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation and pragmatism required to reduce seclusion practices
Authors: Tully John , McSweeney Leo , Harfield Katie-Lynn , Castle Cindie , Das Mrigendra
Published: October 2016

Seclusion may be harmful and traumatic to patients, detrimental to therapeutic relationships, and can result in physical injury to staff. Further, strategies to reduce seclusion have been identified as a potential method of improving cost-effectiveness of psychiatric services. However, developing alternative strategies to seclusion can be difficult. Interventions to reduce seclusion do not lend themselves to evaluation using randomized controlled trials (RCTs), though comprehensive literature reviews have demonstrated considerable non-RCT evidence for interventions to reduce seclusion in psychiatric facilities. In the UK, a recent 5-year evaluation of seclusion practice in a high secure UK hospital revealed reduced rates of seclusion without an increase in adverse incidents. To assess the effect of a novel intervention strategy for reduction of long-term segregation on a high secure, high dependency forensic psychiatry ward in the UK, we introduced a pilot program involving stratified levels of seclusion (“long-term segregation”), multidisciplinary feedback and information sharing, and a bespoke occupational therapy program. Reduced seclusion was demonstrated and staff feedback was mainly positive, indicating increased dynamism and empowerment on the ward. A more structured, stratified approach to seclusion, incorporating multidisciplinary team-working, senior administrative involvement, dynamic risk assessment, and bespoke occupational therapy may lead to a more effective model of reducing seclusion in high secure hospitals and other psychiatric settings. While lacking an evidence base at the level of RCTs, innovative, pragmatic strategies are likely to have an impact at a clinical level and should guide future practice and research.
Pre-post effect sizes should be avoided in meta-analyses
Authors: Cuijpers P. , Weitz E. , Cristea I. A. , Twisk J.
Published: October 2016

Aims

The standardised mean difference (SMD) is one of the most used effect sizes to indicate the effects of treatments. It indicates the difference between a treatment and comparison group after treatment has ended, in terms of standard deviations. Some meta-analyses, including several highly cited and influential ones, use the pre-post SMD, indicating the difference between baseline and post-test within one (treatment group).

Methods

In this paper, we argue that these pre-post SMDs should be avoided in meta-analyses and we describe the arguments why pre-post SMDs can result in biased outcomes.

Results

One important reason why pre-post SMDs should be avoided is that the scores on baseline and post-test are not independent of each other. The value for the correlation should be used in the calculation of the SMD, while this value is typically not known. We used data from an ‘individual patient data’ meta-analysis of trials comparing cognitive behaviour therapy and anti-depressive medication, to show that this problem can lead to considerable errors in the estimation of the SMDs. Another even more important reason why pre-post SMDs should be avoided in meta-analyses is that they are influenced by natural processes and characteristics of the patients and settings, and these cannot be discerned from the effects of the intervention. Between-group SMDs are much better because they control for such variables and these variables only affect the between group SMD when they are related to the effects of the intervention.

Conclusions

We conclude that pre-post SMDs should be avoided in meta-analyses as using them probably results in biased outcomes.
Disintegration as an Additional Trait in the Psychobiological Model	of Personality
Authors: Lazarević Ljiljana B. , Bošnjak Michael , Knežević Goran , Petrović Boban , Purić Danka , Teovanović Predrag , Opačić Goran , Bodroža Bojana
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This meta-analytic study investigates the relations between Disintegration-like phenomena (i.e., various aspects of symptomatology with the prefix “schizo-,” both at the clinical and the subclinical level) and the traits of the Psychobiological Model of Personality (PBMP). The empirically based benchmark for assuming the distinctness of the trait Disintegration was .30. The sample included 26 manuscripts with 30 studies and 424 effect sizes. By computing inverse sampling variance weighted mean correlation coefficients under a random-effects assumption, the following associations were found between Disintegration and Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-Transcendence: .23, .04, −.15, −.02, −.23, −.16, and .17, respectively. Two variables were found to moderate the Disintegration-Self-Transcendence correlation. Despite the theoretical expectation and some empirical evidence that Self-Transcendence (and other character traits) should capture variations in Disintegration-like phenomena, our results suggest that schizo-type phenomena are not adequately covered by the PBMP.
Relations of Personality Traits to Military Aviator	Performance
Authors: Barron Laura G. , Carretta Thomas R. , Bonto-Kane Maria Vincente A.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Most research on cognitive and personality characteristics needed for effective military aircrew has focused on identifying measures that predict initial training outcomes ( Carretta & Ree, 2003 ). While many of the same cognitive aptitudes predictive of military pilot training outcomes are likely to also predict on-the-job technical performance, the strict technical focus of training may make it difficult to fully evaluate the relations of personality to broader job performance criteria. This study evaluated the extent to which pre-accession personality measures were predictive of the stratification (i.e., ranking based on job performance) of early-career US Air Force aviators on Officer Performance Reports in assignments after initial training. Supervisor and senior rater stratifications of aviators on overall job performance were significantly related to pre-accession personality scores. For both pilots and navigators whose job performance was ranked, higher levels of Extraversion and Agreeableness were associated with more favorable supervisory performance rankings (uncorrected r values = .20–.28).
Olwendo Receives 2016 Basu Early Career Award in Sun-Earth Systems Science
Authors:   AGU
Published: October 2016

Joseph Olwendo will receive the Sunanda and Santimay Basu Early Career Award in Sun-Earth Systems Science. He will present a talk and will be formally presented with the award at the 2016 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, to be held 12–16 December in San Francisco, Calif.
Theoretical and experimental investigations on stability and chemistry of organoiridium(iii) complexes
Authors: Sivaramakrishna Akella , Sravani Chinduluri , Venkatesh Sadhana , Pavankumar B. B. , Vijayakrishna Kari , Bhat Haamid R. , Jha Prakash C. , Smith Gregory S.
Published: October 2016

Novel iridacyclononanes of the type {where L = PPh3, PEt3 and P(OMe)3} have been synthesized from their bis(1-pentenyl)iridium(iii) precursors through a ring-closing metathesis reaction using Grubbs' 1st generation catalyst.
High drug loading and pH-responsive targeted nanocarriers from alginate-modified SPIONs for anti-tumor chemotherapy
Authors: Peng Na , Wu Bo , Wang Lei , He Weiyang , Ai Ziye , Zhang Xingjian , Wang Yanfeng , Fan Lin , Ye Qifa
Published: October 2016

Novel pH-responsive and magnetic-targeting nanocarriers with high drug loading content were developed for pH-triggered targeting drug delivery in tumor cells.
Visible-light-mediated radical oxydifluoromethylation of olefinic amides for the synthesis of CF2H-containing heterocycles
Authors: Fu Weijun , Han Xin , Zhu Mei , Xu Chen , Wang Zhiqiang , Ji Baoming , Hao Xin-Qi , Song Mao-Ping
Published: October 2016

The visible-light-mediated oxydifluoromethylation of olefinic amides with difluoromethyl sulfones has been explored.
Correction: Triplex-forming peptide nucleic acid modified with 2-aminopyridine as a new tool for detection of A-to-I editing
Authors: Annoni Chiara , Endoh Tamaki , Hnedzko Dziyana , Rozners Eriks , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: October 2016

Correction for ‘Triplex-forming peptide nucleic acid modified with 2-aminopyridine as a new tool for detection of A-to-I editing’ by Chiara Annoni et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 7935–7938.
Solvation free energies for periodic surfaces: comparison of implicit and explicit solvation models
Authors: Steinmann Stephan N. , Sautet Philippe , Michel Carine
Published: October 2016

A strategy based on molecular mechanics free energy of perturbation, seeded by quantum mechanics, is presented to take solvation energies into account in the context of periodic, solid–liquid interfaces.
First-principles study of pressure-induced structural phase transitions in MnF2
Authors: López-Moreno S. , Romero A. H. , Mejía-López J. , Muñoz A.
Published: October 2016

The phase transitions driven by pressure together with the pressure dependence of structural, electronic, vibrational, and magnetic properties of MnF2have been investigated using DFT.
Combining non-equilibrium simulations and coarse-grained modelling allows for a fine-grained decomposition of solvation dynamics
Authors: Schmollngruber Michael , Braun Daniel , Steinhauser Othmar
Published: October 2016

The time-dependent Stokes shift is shown to be a localized and short-ranged effect in ionic liquids.
Promotional effect of the TiO2 (001) facet in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3: in situ DRIFTS and DFT studies
Authors: Huang Lei , Zha Kaiwen , Namuangruk Supawadee , Junkaew Anchalee , Zhao Xin , Li Hongrui , Shi Liyi , Zhang Dengsong
Published: October 2016

NO on anatase-TiO2 (001) was mainly in the form of NO2 which could trigger the subsequent ‘fast SCR’ reaction.
Ethylene glycol reforming on Pt(111): first-principles microkinetic modeling in vapor and aqueous phases
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Saleheen Mohammad , Lu Jianmin , Heyden Andreas
Published: October 2016

Reaction chemistry for vapor- and aqueous-phase reforming of ethylene glycol over Pt(111) is similar with early dehydrogenation steps being rate-controlling.
Rational serendipity: “undirected” synthesis of a large {MnIII10CuII5} complex from pre-formed MnII building blocks
Authors: Frost Jamie M. , Kettles Fraser J. , Wilson Claire , Murrie Mark
Published: October 2016

Use of an aminopolyalcohol-based MnII complex in solvothermal CuII chemistry leads to a rare example of a high nuclearity heterometallic {MnIII10CuII5} system, in which four {CuII(H1Edte)} units trap an inner {MnIII10CuII} oxide core.
Metal nanoparticles supported on WO3 nanosheets for highly selective hydrogenolysis of cellulose to ethylene glycol
Authors: Li Naixu , Zheng Yu , Wei Lingfei , Teng Hongcheng , Zhou Jiancheng
Published: October 2016

Facile synthesis of Ru supported on WO3 nanosheets for highly selective cellulose hydrogenolysis to ethylene glycol.
Recyclable and efficient heterogenized Rh and Ir catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds in aqueous medium
Authors: Sudakar P. , Gunasekar G. H. , Baek I. H. , Yoon S.
Published: October 2016

Covalent-triazine-framework (CTF) based Ir/Rh catalysts for the aqueous-phase transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds to alcohols using formate as the H2-source.
Fluoride-free and low concentration template synthesis of hierarchical Sn-Beta zeolites: efficient catalysts for conversion of glucose to alkyl lactate
Authors: Yang Xiaomei , Bian Jingjing , Huang Jianhao , Xin Weiwen , Lu Tianliang , Chen Chen , Su Yunlai , Zhou Lipeng , Wang Feng , Xu Jie
Published: October 2016

Hierarchical Sn-Beta was prepared by a hydrothermal postsynthesis method. It shows higher catalytic activity for conversion of glucose to alkyl lactate than microporous Sn-Beta hydrothermally synthesized in fluoride media.
Calcium carbide as the acetylide source: transition-metal-free synthesis of substituted pyrazoles via [1,5]-sigmatropic rearrangements
Authors: Yu Yue , Huang Wei , Chen Yang , Gao Bingjie , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: October 2016

Calcium carbide was used as the acetylide source to synthesize substituted pyrazoles via [3 + 2] cycloaddition/[1,5] sigmatropic rearrangements.
Selective and vertical microfabrication of lipid tubule arrays on glass substrates using template-guided gentle hydration
Authors: Park Min Cheol , Sukumar Pavithra , Kim Sang Kyung , Kang Ji Yoon , Manz Andreas , Kim Tae Song
Published: October 2016

We present an easy and novel template-guided gentle hydration method for fabricating selective and vertical lipid tubule arrays.
Towards the rational design of novel drugs based on solubility, partitioning/distribution, biomimetic permeability and biological activity exemplified by 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives
Authors: Volkova T. V. , Terekhova I. V. , Silyukov O. I. , Proshin A. N. , Bauer-Brandl A. , Perlovich G. L.
Published: October 2016

Novel 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives as potent neuroprotectors were synthesized and their solubility, distribution coefficients, permeability and biological properties were studied.
Droplet-microfluidics towards the assembly of advanced building blocks in cell mimicry
Authors: Armada-Moreira Adam , Taipaleenmäki Essi , Itel Fabian , Zhang Yan , Städler Brigitte
Published: October 2016

This minireview outlines recent developments in droplet microfluidics regarding the assembly of nanoparticles, Janus-shaped and other non-spherical particles, and cargo-loaded particles which could potentially be employed as building blocks in cell mimicry.
Palladium-catalyzed allylation of sulfonyl hydrazides with alkynes to synthesize allylic arylsulfones
Authors: Lu Chuan-Jun , Chen Hong , Chen Dong-Kai , Wang Hong , Yang Zhen-Ping , Gao Jianrong , Jin Hongwei
Published: October 2016

A novel method for the construction of allyl sulfone derivatives was developed by palladium catalyzed allylation of sulfony hydrazides with alkynes.
Ferromagnetism properties of Er-doped ZnO: a GGA + U study
Authors: Wang Sanjun , Shi Xiaobo , Li Jinming
Published: October 2016

Our first-principles calculation finds that only the Zn vacancy can induce a 1.0 μB magnetic moment in Er-doped ZnO, which comes from the unpaired 2p electrons at the ligand O atom and results in the room-temperature ferromagnetism property of ZnO.
Cross-linked silk sericin–gelatin 2D and 3D matrices for prospective tissue engineering applications
Authors: Kumar Jadi Praveen , Bhardwaj Nandana , Mandal Biman B.
Published: October 2016

Graphical abstract representing the isolation, fabrication and characterization of silk sericin/gelatin blended matrices for intended biological application.
Taste masking of a drug by pH-responsive coordination polymer-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Authors: Bao Guang-Ming , Wang LiQi , Yuan Hou-Qun , Wang Xiao-Ying , Mei Tian-Xiao , Qu Ming-Ren
Published: October 2016

We developed a simple and efficient method for fabricating a taste-masked oral drug delivery system (DDS) that regulates the release of unpleasant drug taste via the change in pH value in the physiological environment of the alimentary canal.
Self-assembly of silicon/carbon hybrids and natural graphite as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Aoning , Liu Fandong , Wang Zhoulu , Liu Xiang
Published: October 2016

Si–C–NG composites exhibit a high specific capacity, a high initial coulombic efficiency, and a good cycling stability with capacity retention after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1.
A systematic investigation on the interaction ofl-cysteine functionalised Mn3O4nanoparticles with lysozyme
Authors: Prasanth S. , Raj D. Rithesh , Thomas Riju K. , Vineeshkumar T. V. , Sudarsanakumar C.
Published: October 2016

Interactions of cysteine capped Mn3O4nanoparticles with HEWL.
SnS2nanoflakes for efficient humidity and alcohol sensing at room temperature
Authors: Bharatula Lakshmi Deepika , Erande Manisha B. , Mulla Imtiaz S. , Rout Chandra Sekhar , Late Dattatray J.
Published: October 2016

We report a one step facile hydrothermal synthesis of layered SnS2nanoflakes and its application as humidity and alcohol sensor.
The effect of doped heteroatoms (nitrogen, boron, phosphorus) on inhibition thermal oxidation of reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Mu Xiaowei , Yuan Bihe , Feng Xiaming , Qiu Shuilai , Song Lei , Hu Yuan
Published: October 2016

The effect of doping different heteroatoms including nitrogen, boron and phosphorus on the thermal oxidation of RGO is investigated.
Anti-bacterial PES-cellulose composite spheres: dual character toward extraction and catalytic reduction of nitrophenol
Authors: Khan Sher Bahadar , Khan Shahid Ali , Marwani Hadi M. , Bakhsh Esraa M. , Anwar Yasir , Kamal Tahseen , Asiri Abdullah M. , Akhtar Kalsoom
Published: October 2016

Polyethersulfone (PES) based hybrid adsorbents were used for the removal of different phenols from aqueous solutions, which are categorized as major aquatic organic pollutants.
An unprecedented bacterial cellulosic material for defluoridation of water
Authors: Mugesh Subramanian , Kumar Tripathi Praveesh , Murugan Marudhamuthu
Published: October 2016

Defluoridation of water using bacterial cellulosic membrane.
Gold nanoring-enhanced generation of singlet oxygen: an intricate correlation with surface plasmon resonance and polyelectrolyte bilayers
Authors: Hu Yue , Kanka Jiri , Liu Kai , Yang Yamin , Wang Hongjun , Du Henry
Published: October 2016

Gold nanoring (Au NR)-induced singlet oxygen (1O2) follows a different correlation with the separation distance between Au NR and photosensitizer (PS) compared to that of PS fluorescence enhancement.
Functional heterocyclic molecular inclusion in p-sulfonatocalix[5]arene and lanthanide(iii) complexes
Authors: Ling Irene , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Raston Colin L.
Published: October 2016

p-Sulfonatocalix[5]arene either self-assemble in the presence of lanthanide ions into dense packed arrays of calixarenes or a grid-like arrangement comprising molecular capsules from adjacent bilayers, with the ‘molecular capsules’ confining small to large molecules.
Amino-functionalized iminocyclitols: synthetic glycomimetics of medicinal interest
Authors: Harit Vimal Kant , Ramesh Namakkal G.
Published: October 2016

A review on the syntheses and biological activities of unnatural glycomimetics highlighting the effect of replacement of hydroxyl groups of natural iminosugars by amino functionalities is presented.
Improved efficiency of solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells and planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells with efficient hole-extracting Si nanocrystals
Authors: Jeong Hanbin , Kim Hansol , Song Won-Il , Yoo Kyung-Hoon , Rama Jason , Lee Jae Kwan
Published: October 2016

Si nanocrystals for efficient hole extraction in solution-processed BHJ OSCs and PHJ PrSCs led highly enhanced PCEs by ~11% and ~23% respectively, compared with those without Si nanocrystals.
Evaluation of graphene-wrapped LiFePO4 as novel cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Wi Sungun , Kim Jaewon , Park Kimin , Lee Sangheon , Kang Joonhyeon , Kim Kyung Hwan , Nam Seunghoon , Kim Chunjoong , Park Byungwoo
Published: October 2016

Well-connected graphene sheets acted as a conductive network enabling LiFePO4 crystallites to be reached by electrons from omnidirectional paths.
Facile synthesis of Prussian blue nanoparticles as pH-responsive drug carriers for combined photothermal-chemo treatment of cancer
Authors: Chen Huajian , Ma Yan , Wang Xianwen , Wu Xiaoyi , Zha Zhengbao
Published: October 2016

Multifunctional PEGylated PB-DOX NPs with a lipid-PEG shell were developed as a gram-scale manner and used as novel pH-responsive drug delivery vehicles for combined photothermal-chemo treatment of cancer cells with high efficacy.
Inner-sphere vs. outer-sphere reduction of uranyl supported by a redox-active, donor-expanded dipyrrin
Authors: Pankhurst James R. , Bell Nicola L. , Zegke Markus , Platts Lucy N. , Lamfsus Carlos Alvarez , Maron Laurent , Natrajan Louise S. , Sproules Stephen , Arnold Polly L. , Love Jason B.
Published: October 2016

The uranyl(vi) complex UO2Cl(L) of the redox-active diimino-dipyrrin anion, L− is reported and its reactions with inner- and outer-sphere reductants studied.
Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanospheres for advanced sodium-ion battery and sodium-ion capacitor applications
Authors: Liu Sainan , Cai Zhenyang , Zhou Jiang , Pan Anqiang , Liang Shuquan
Published: October 2016

We synthesized nitrogen-doped anatase TiO2 nanospheres, and then used them as high-performance anode materials for NIBs and NICs, which were found to display enhanced electrochemical performances.
Development of demineralized bone matrix-based implantable and biomimetic microcarrier for stem cell expansion and single-step tissue-engineered bone graft construction
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Wu Dingyu , Zou Jiwei , Zhou Quan , Liu Wei , Zhang Wenjie , Zhou Guangdong , Wang Xiansong , Pei Guoxian , Cao Yilin , Zhang Zhi-Yong
Published: October 2016

Tissue engineered bone grafts (TEBG) using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate great potential for bone defect treatment.
Correction: A photostable AIE fluorogen for lysosome-targetable imaging of living cells
Authors: Lou Xiaoding , Zhang Mengshi , Zhao Zujin , Min Xuehong , Hakeem Abdul , Huang Fujian , Gao Pengcheng , Xia Fan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2016

Correction for ‘A photostable AIE fluorogen for lysosome-targetable imaging of living cells’ by Xiaoding Lou et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2016, 4, 5412–5417.
Comparative study of the conformational effect of dithienothiophene- and terthiophene-based photovoltaic polymers
Authors: Ren Junzhen , Chen Weiye , Zhang Yongchao , Qiu Meng , Ren Jing , Zhu Tingting , Liu Fushuai , Sun Mingliang , Yang Renqiang
Published: October 2016

The conformational change of the polymer backbone has an obvious influence on the blended film morphology and the photovoltaic properties.
Multi‐round elimination contention‐based multi‐channel MAC scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Mao Yiwei , Yan Feng , Shen Lianfeng
Published: October 2016

In this study, the authors propose a multi‐round elimination contention‐based multi‐channel medium access control (VEC‐MAC) scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks. In our proposed scheme, the control channel (CCH) interval is divided into three phases: roadside unit broadcast phase (BP), safety message BP (SBP) and service channel (SCH) reservation phase (RP). On the basis of this division, both the demand of safety‐relevant applications and non‐safety service applications can be satisfied. In addition, through the multi‐round elimination contention in the SCH RP collision probability of transmissions significantly decreases and more successful reservations can be provided. Furthermore, the proposed multi‐round elimination contention‐based multi‐channel MAC for VANETs (VEC‐MAC) can adaptively adjust the length of the CCH interval (CCHI) and the value of the round number for the improvement of the system throughput. Theoretical analysis and simulation results exhibit the superiority of the proposed VEC‐MAC in saturated throughput compared with the variable CCHI MAC and the wireless access in vehicular environment MAC.
Efficient MAC protocol for drive‐thru Internet in a sparse highway environment
Authors: Li Baozhu , Luan Tom Hao , Hu Bo , Chen Shanzhi
Published: October 2016

The demands for vehicular Internet access are proliferating. To enable vehicular communications, roadside units (RSUs) can be deployed along the roadside to provide wireless coverage and network access for driving‐thru vehicles and the performance of vehicle to RSU communications have been studied in multiple contexts. However, there is not still an efficient media access control (MAC) scheme specific for the sparse highway environment. In this study, the authors investigate the MAC scheme of drive‐thru Internet in a sparse highway environment by a Markov chain encountering model. The analytical model incorporates the high‐node mobility with the modelling of distributed coordination function (DCF) and unveils the impacts of mobility velocity and number of vehicles on the throughput. On the basis of the model, they develop a new MAC scheme and show that when vehicle number is small the proposed MAC scheme can obtain higher throughput and mitigate the impacts of vehicle mobility on the system throughput, which is desirable for the sparse highway environment. Using extensive simulations, they validate the accuracy of the analytical model and effectiveness of the proposed MAC scheme.
Mammographic mass classification according to Bi‐RADS lexicon
Authors: Chokri Ferkous , Hayet Farida Merouani
Published: October 2016

The goal of this study is to propose a computer‐aided diagnosis system to differentiate between four breast imaging reporting and data system (Bi‐RADS) classes in digitised mammograms. This system is inspired by the approach of the doctor during the radiologic examination as it was agreed in BI‐RADS, where masses are described by their form, their boundary and their density. The segmentation of masses in the authors’ approach is manual because it is supposed that the detection is already made. When the segmented region is available, the features extraction process can be carried out. 22 visual characteristics are automatically computed from shape, edge and textural properties; only one human feature is used in this study, which is the patient's age. Classification is finally done using a multi‐layer perceptron according to two separate schemes; the first one consists of classify masses to distinguish between the four BI‐RADS classes (2, 3, 4 and 5). In the second one the authors classify abnormalities on two classes (benign and malign). The proposed approach has been evaluated on 480 mammographic masses extracted from the digital database for screening mammography, and the obtained results are encouraging.
Mitigation of destabilising effect of CPLs in island DC micro‐grid using non‐linear control
Authors: Singh Suresh , Kumar Vinod , Fulwani Deepak
Published: October 2016

In recent years DC micro‐grid has been widely accepted as one of the promising solutions to integrate renewable energy sources and to supply power to critical loads such as data centres, remote villages and communication stations. However, DC micro‐grid has a fundamental stability challenge due to constant power load (CPL) characteristics of point‐of‐load converters, which introduce destabilising effect in the system. This study presents a sliding mode control based non‐linear control scheme for a solar photo‐voltaic based DC micro‐grid in the presence of CPLs. The objective of the proposed control scheme is to tightly regulate the DC bus voltage and mitigate the destabilising effects of CPLs. The stability of the system is analytically established and a limit of CPL is obtained. Furthermore, a charging/discharging algorithm is implemented for battery bank interfacing bidirectional converter which facilitates three modes charging namely constant current, constant voltage, and float mode, to enhance the battery life. The validation of the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is done through simulation and experimental results. It is found that the proposed control scheme ensures desired operation of the DC micro‐grid under various operating modes and maintains system stability with CPL under variations in the primary resource and load demand.
Fast‐transient DC–DC converter with hysteresis prediction voltage control
Authors: Liu Pang‐Jung , Lai Yu‐Min , Lee Ping‐Chieh , Chen Hsin‐Shu
Published: October 2016

This study presents a hysteresis prediction voltage control (HPVC) technique based on a predictive control method with early actions to solve ringing circumstances and to alleviate transient ripples. A dc–dc converter switches from a voltage‐controlled pulse width modulation mode to the proposed HPVC mode during transient. Hence, the dc–dc converter has a fast transient response when its load current varies. The converter also keeps constant switching frequency during the steady state. The ringing, recovery time and transient ripples can be effectively reduced without paying a price of increasing the output capacitor of the power converter. A prototype chip with the proposed HPVC technique was implemented in a 0.35‐µm CMOS technology. The experimental results show that the recovery time is less than 10 µs for a 400‐mA load current change.
Reliable and high quality adhesive bonding for microfluidic devices
Authors: Li Jingmin , Liang Chao , Zhang Hao , Liu Chong
Published: October 2016

Some issues, such as the removing of air bubbles from bonding interface, microchannel clogging by adhesive, the methods to increase bonding efficiency, as well as the adhesive bonding of a multilayer chip, still limit the use of adhesive bonding in the mass fabrication of microfluidic devices. In this work, an automatic adhesive bonding machine is developed which can obviously increase bonding efficiency and quality as compared with the traditional manually methods. A bonding method which uses a soft pressing head to extrude the air bubbles from bonding interface is presented. The relationship between the adhesive film thickness and the channel clogging is investigated. The adhesive bonding of three types of two‐layer microfluidic devices and a five‐layer microfluidic device are studied. Results have shown that the uses of the soft pressing head can effectively removing the air bubbles from the bonding interface. The bonding ratios of all devices are above 95%. The channel residual depth, which is the channel depth excluding the protrusion height of the adhesive film within the channel, will increase to follow the increase in microchannel width and adhesive film thickness.
Success Rates in a Diabetes Specialist Nurse-Led Education Programme: Re-setting the Glucostat
Authors: Heald A. , Anderson S. , Khan A. , Stocker J. , Davies S. , Bliss K. , Livingston M. , Donnelly P.
Published: October 2016

Analysis of National Diabetes Audit data from 2011–2012 of newly diagnosed people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) found low initial success rates in much of the UK at 20% on initial training, while an unusually high success rate of 75% achieving target HbA1C<58 mmol/mol (< 7.5%) was found in Cheshire (England average=40.8%). We present a review of the approach taken by the Cheshire Diabetes team in the 12 months following diagnosis.

Between 2012 and 2013, 15 consecutive newly diagnosed people with type 1 DM were followed up for 18 months. All received support and advice by community Diabetes Specialist Nurses (DSNs) and Dieticians covering Central and Eastern Cheshire, UK.

Mean±SD age at diagnosis was 23±3 years. The period of contact with the DSN service varied from 7–12 weeks. Baseline HbA1C of 99 mmol/mol [11.2%] (95% CI: 86–111 mmol/mol [10.0–12.3%]) declined by ~50% to 49 mmol/mol [6.6%] (41–57 mmol/mol [5.9–7.4%]; F=16.9, p<0.001) at 6 months and did not change between 6–12 months. Of those newly diagnosed with type 1 DM, 84.6% achieved a target HbA1C<58 mmol/mol (<7.5%) and 61.5% met a target<48 mmol/mol (<6.5%). There was no significant weight change during the study.

The key elements of this bio-psycho-social approach by the DSN team included providing psychological support, patient engagement, demonstrating positive regard, gaining trust, identifying health-seeking behaviour, providing key decision-making skills and developing a self-management plan. This resulted in improvements in overall glycaemic control well above the national average without untoward weight gain.

The UK National Diabetes Audit (2011–2012) in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetics in Cheshire, UK, showed a success rate at 6 months post-diagnosis of 75% achieving a target HbA1C<58 mmol/mol (<7.5%) compared with the national average of 40.8%. Initially thought to be erroneous, these excellent results were confirmed. The approach taken to achieve them is herein described.
Können Krankenkassendaten Primärdaten verzerrungsfrei ergänzen? – Selektivitätsanalysen im Rahmen der lidA-Studie
Authors: March Stefanie , Swart Enno , Robra Bernt-Peter
Published: October 2016

Zielsetzung Die lidA-Studie verknüpft Befragungsdaten mit individuellen Krankenkassendaten (KK-Daten). Es wird analysiert, zu welchen sozialen und gesundheitlichen Selektionseffekten es kommt, wenn nicht allen Befragten individuelle KK-Daten zugespielt werden können. Ein individuelles Datenlinkage setzt das Probandeneinverständnis und die Teilnahme seiner Kasse voraus.

Methodik Die realisierte Zuspielung individueller KK-Daten wurde als abhängige Variable einer multivariaten binären logistischen Regression definiert. Insgesamt wurden 21 (1. Befragung) bzw. 22 Faktoren (2. Befragung) analysiert, die mutmaßlich Einfluss auf die Zuspielungschancen haben.

Ergebnisse Die Prävalenzen sozialer und gesundheitlicher Merkmale waren fast identisch in den Gruppen mit und ohne zugespielte Krankenkassendaten. Die logistische Regression fand signifikante Einflussgrößen in der ersten Befragung bezogen auf eine räumliche Kategorisierung (BIK), die Einkommensgruppe „1000 bis unter 2000 Euro“ und die Teilzeitarbeit. Nur die Fach-/Hochschulreife zeigte in beiden Wellen gegenüber der niedrigsten Bildungsstufe signifikante Assoziationen (OR W1: 1,63; OR W2: 1,83). Bildung sowie Beruf (Blossfeld) zeigten als Merkmalskomplex in beiden Wellen einen signifikanten Einfluss.

Schlussfolgerung Ein Linkage von KK- mit Befragungsdaten ist in der lidA-Studie fast selektionsfrei realisiert, trotz einer Datenlieferung für nur 21 % bzw. 24 % der Probanden. Alle Datenlinkage-Studien mit KK-Daten sollten deren Selektivität prüfen.
Content modification attacks on consensus seeking multi-agent system with double-integrator dynamics
Authors: Dong Yimeng , Gupta Nirupam , Chopra Nikhil
Published: October 2016

In this paper, vulnerability of a distributed consensus seeking multi-agent system (MAS) with double-integrator dynamics against edge-bound content modification cyber attacks is studied. In particular, we define a specific edge-bound content modification cyber attack called malignant content modification attack (MCoMA), which results in unbounded growth of an appropriately defined group disagreement vector. Properties of MCoMA are utilized to design detection and mitigation algorithms so as to impart resilience in the considered MAS against MCoMA. Additionally, the proposed detection mechanism is extended to detect the general edge-bound content modification attacks (not just MCoMA). Finally, the efficacies of the proposed results are illustrated through numerical simulations.
Regional regularization method for ECT based on spectral transformation of Laplacian
Authors: Guo Z. H. , Kan Z. , Lv D. C. , Shao F. Q.
Published: October 2016

Image reconstruction in electrical capacitance tomography is an ill-posed inverse problem, and regularization techniques are usually used to solve the problem for suppressing noise. An anisotropic regional regularization algorithm for electrical capacitance tomography is constructed using a novel approach called spectral transformation. Its function is derived and applied to the weighted gradient magnitude of the sensitivity of Laplacian as a regularization term. With the optimum regional regularizer, the a priori knowledge on the local nonlinearity degree of the forward map is incorporated into the proposed online reconstruction algorithm. Simulation experimentations were performed to verify the capability of the new regularization algorithm to reconstruct a superior quality image over two conventional Tikhonov regularization approaches. The advantage of the new algorithm for improving performance and reducing shape distortion is demonstrated with the experimental data.
Modulus–pressure equation for confined fluids
Authors: Gor Gennady Y. , Siderius Daniel W. , Shen Vincent K. , Bernstein Noam
Published: October 2016

Ultrasonic experiments allow one to measure the elastic modulus of bulk solid or fluid samples. Recently such experiments have been carried out on fluid-saturated nanoporous glass to probe the modulus of a confined fluid. In our previous work [G. Y. Gor et al., J. Chem. Phys., 143, 194506 (2015)], using Monte Carlo simulations we showed that the elastic modulus K of a fluid confined in a mesopore is a function of the pore size. Here we focus on the modulus-pressure dependence K(P), which is linear for bulk materials, a relation known as the Tait-Murnaghan equation. Using transition-matrix Monte Carlo simulations we calculated the elastic modulus of bulk argon as a function of pressure and argon confined in silica mesopores as a function of Laplace pressure. Our calculations show that while the elastic modulus is strongly affected by confinement and temperature, the slope of the modulus versus pressure is not. Moreover, the calculated slope is in a good agreement with the reference data for bulk argon and experimental data for confined argon derived from ultrasonic experiments. We propose to use the value of the slope of K(P) to estimate the elastic moduli of an unknown porous medium.
Electronic ground state OH(X) radical in a low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Fuh Che A. , Clark Shane M. , Wu Wei , Wang Chuji
Published: October 2016

The wide applicability of atmospheric pressure plasma jets in biomedicine stems from the presence of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species generated in these plasma jets. Knowing the absolute concentration of these reactive species is of utmost importance as it is critical, along with the particle flux obtained from the plasma feed gas flow rate to ensure that the correct dosage is applied during applications. In this study, we investigate and report the ground state OH(X) number density acquired using cavity ringdown spectroscopy, along the propagation axis (z-axis) of a cold atmospheric pressure helium plasma plume. The jet was generated by a repetitively pulsed mono-polar square wave of duration 1 μs running at a frequency of 9.9 kHz. The voltage supplied was 6.5 kV with the helium flow rate fixed at 3.6 standard liters per minute. The rotational and vibrational temperatures are simulated from the second positive system of nitrogen,  N2(C3πu−B3πg), with the rotational temperature being spatially constant at 300 K along the propagation axis of the atmospheric pressure plasma jet while the vibrational temperature is 3620 K at the beginning of the plume and is observed to decrease downstream. The OH(A) emission intensity obtained via optical emission spectroscopy was observed to decrease downstream of the plasma jet. The OH(X) number density along the propagation axis was initially 2.2 × 1013 molecules cm−3 before increasing to a peak value of 2.4 × 1013 molecules cm−3, from which the number density was observed to decrease to 2.2 × 1013 molecules cm−3 downstream of the plasma jet. The total OH(A, X) in the plasma jet remained relatively constant along the propagation axis of the plasma jet before falling off at the tip of the jet. The increase in vibrational temperature downstream and the simultaneous measurements of both the excited state OH(A) and the ground state OH(X) reported in this study provide insights into the formation and consumption of this reactive oxygen species while also providing a reference for determining the radical number density dosage for future cold plasma irradiation studies.
Development of an electrochemically integrated SR-GIXRD flow cell to study FeCO3 formation kinetics
Authors: Burkle D. , De Motte R. , Taleb W. , Kleppe A. , Comyn T. , Vargas S. M. , Neville A. , Barker R.
Published: October 2016

An electrochemically integrated Synchrotron Radiation-Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (SR-GIXRD) flow cell for studying corrosion product formation on carbon steel in carbon dioxide (CO2)-containing brines typical of oil and gas production has been developed. The system is capable of generating flow velocities of up to 2 m/s at temperatures in excess of 80 °C during SR-GIXRD measurements of the steel surface, enabling flow to be maintained over the course of the experiment while diffraction patterns are being collected. The design of the flow cell is presented, along with electrochemical and diffraction pattern transients collected from an initial experiment which examined the precipitation of FeCO3 onto X65 carbon steel in a CO2-saturated 3.5 wt. % NaCl brine at 80 °C and 0.1 m/s. The flow cell is used to follow the nucleation and growth kinetics of FeCO3 using SR-GIXRD linked to the simultaneous electrochemical response of the steel surface which were collected in the form of linear polarisation resistance measurements to decipher in situ corrosion rates. The results show that FeCO3 nucleation could be detected consistently and well before its inhibitive effect on the general corrosion rate of the system. In situ measurements are compared with ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showing the development of an FeCO3 layer on the corroding steel surface over time confirming the in situ interpretations. The results presented demonstrate that under the specific conditions evaluated, FeCO3 was the only crystalline phase to form in the system, with no crystalline precursors being apparent. The numerous capabilities of the flow cell are highlighted and presented in this paper.
X-ray reflectometer for single layer and multilayer coating characterization at 8 keV: An interlaboratory study
Authors: Gurgew Danielle N. , Broadway David M. , Gubarev Mikhail , Ramsey Brian D. , Gregory Don A.
Published: October 2016

An X-ray reflectometer (XRR) system has been developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for characterizing various soft and hard X-ray optic coatings. The XRR instrument generates X-ray radiation using a high-output rotating anode source (RAS), operational over a voltage range of 5–35 kV and a current range of 10–150 mA. Copper is used as the target material to produce an X-ray spectrum from which the Kα line at 8.048 keV is isolated for the reflectivity measurements. Five precision slits are mounted along the X-ray beam path to limit the extent of the beam at the sample and to adjust the resolution in the measurements. A goniometer consisting of two precision rotary stages controls the positions of the coating sample and the X-ray detector with respect to the beam. The detector itself is a high performance silicon drift detector used to achieve high count rate efficiency to attain good statistics in the reflectivity measurement at larger grazing angles. The X-ray reflectometer system design and capabilities are described in detail. Verification of the system is obtained through an interlaboratory study in which reflectivity measurements of a multilayer coating made at MSFC are compared with those made at two external laboratories.
Isotropic periodic sum for multipole interactions and a vector relation for calculation of the Cartesian multipole tensor
Authors: Wu Xiongwu , Pickard Frank C. , Brooks Bernard R.
Published: October 2016

Isotropic periodic sum (IPS) is a method to calculate long-range interactions based on the homogeneity of simulation systems. By using the isotropic periodic images of a local region to represent remote structures, long-range interactions become a function of the local conformation. This function is called the IPS potential; it folds long-ranged interactions into a short-ranged potential and can be calculated as efficiently as a cutoff method. It has been demonstrated that the IPS method produces consistent simulation results, including free energies, as the particle mesh Ewald (PME) method. By introducing the multipole homogeneous background approximation, this work derives multipole IPS potentials, abbreviated as IPSMm, with m being the maximum order of multipole interactions. To efficiently calculate the multipole interactions in Cartesian space, we propose a vector relation that calculates a multipole tensor as a dot product of a radial potential vector and a directional vector. Using model systems with charges, dipoles, and/or quadrupoles, with and without polarizability, we demonstrate that multipole interactions of order m can be described accurately with the multipole IPS potential of order 2 or m − 1, whichever is higher. Through simulations with the multipole IPS potentials, we examined energetic, structural, and dynamic properties of the model systems and demonstrated that the multipole IPS potentials produce very similar results as PME with a local region radius (cutoff distance) as small as 6 Å.
Consistency in experiments on multistable driven delay systems
Authors: Oliver Neus , Larger Laurent , Fischer Ingo
Published: October 2016

We investigate the consistency properties in the responses of a nonlinear delay optoelectronic intensity oscillator subject to different drives, in particular, harmonic and self-generated waveforms. This system, an implementation of the Ikeda oscillator, is operating in a closed-loop configuration, exhibiting its autonomous dynamics while the drive signals are additionally introduced. Applying the same drive multiple times, we compare the dynamical responses of the optoelectronic oscillator and quantify the degree of consistency among them via their correlation. Our results show that consistency is not restricted to conditions close to the first Hopf bifurcation but can be found in a broad range of dynamical regimes, even in the presence of multistability. Finally, we discuss the dependence of consistency on the nature of the drive signal.
Performance of Lagrangian descriptors and their variants in incompressible flows
Authors: Ruiz-Herrera Alfonso
Published: October 2016

The method of Lagrangian Descriptors has been applied in many different contexts, specially in geophysical flows. In this paper, we analyze their performance in incompressible flows. We construct broad families of systems where this diagnostic fails in the detection of barriers to transport. Another aim of this manuscript is to illustrate the same deficiencies in the recent diagnostic proposed by Craven and Hernández.
Predictions for Gyro-phase Drift in MDPX
Authors: Walker J. J. , Koepke M. E. , Zimmerman M. I.
Published: October 2016

This paper assesses the feasibility of observing the gyro-phase drift in the Auburn Magnetized Dusty Plasma Experiment [MDPX, described by Thomas et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 54, 124034 (2012)]. The gyro-phase drift arises when a dust grain does not instantaneously reach the in-situ-equilibrium grain charge during gyro-synchronous grain-charge modulation. Koepke et al. [J. Plasma Phys. 79, 1099 (2013)] first suggested using MDPX to observe the gyro-phase drift, and here we use a single-particle trajectory tracker with an iterative velocity solver, using a fixed timestep for grain motion and an adaptive time step for grain charging, to consider all relevant dust grain forces to assess gyro-phase drift arising from gradual inhomogeneity. Additionally, the semi-analytic theory developed by Walker et al. [J. Plasma Phys. 80, 395 (2014)] predicts dust grain motion in abrupt inhomogeneity for MDPX-relevant conditions. We compare three grain-charging models with each other and with the single-particle trajectory tracker and found to predict distinctly different trajectories depending on the treatment of neutral drag and flowing ions. The measurement thresholds for Particle Tracking Velocimetry permit gyro-phase drift detection in MDPX for the abrupt inhomogeneity, given sufficiently large enough UV photoelectron flux (fuv/[nevthe]>0.01) and low enough neutral gas pressure (less than one mTorr). The Orbit-Motion-Limited charge model and the charge models developed by Patacchini et al. [Phys. Plasmas 14, 062111 (2007)] and Gatti and Kortshagen [Phys. Rev. E 78, 046402 (2008)] can, in principle, be distinguished by gyro-phase drift in the abrupt inhomogeneity, but large magnetic fields, large UV photoelectron flux, and low neutral gas pressure are required. Gyro-phase drift for a gradual inhomogeneity in the ratio ne/ni, arising from the presence of a radial electric field, is predicted to be undetectable.