bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Wide-orbit Gas Giants Near the Stability Limit in Multi-stellar Systems
Authors: Higuchi A. , Ida S.
Published: August 2017

We have investigated the formation of a circumstellar wide-orbit gas giant planet in a multiple stellar system. We consider a model of orbital circularization for the core of a giant planet after it is scattered from an inner disk region by a more massive planet, which was proposed by Kikuchi et al. We extend their model for single star systems to binary (multiple) star systems, by taking into account tidal truncation of the protoplanetary gas disk by a binary companion. As an example, we consider a wide-orbit gas giant in a hierarchical triple system, HD131399Ab. The best-fit orbit of the planet is that with semimajor axis ∼80 au and eccentricity ∼0.35. As the binary separation is ∼350 au, it is very close to the stability limit, which is puzzling. With the original core location ∼20–30 au, the core (planet) mass ∼50 M
E and the disk truncation radius ∼150 au, our model reproduces the best-fit orbit of HD131399Ab. We find that the orbit after the circularization is usually close to the stability limit against the perturbations from the binary companion, because the scattered core accretes gas from the truncated disk. Our conclusion can also be applied to wider or more compact binary systems if the separation is not too large and another planet with ≳20–30 Earth masses that scattered the core existed in inner region of the system.
B-ducted Heating of Black Widow Companions
Authors: Sanchez Nicolas , Romani Roger W.
Published: August 2017

The companions of evaporating binary pulsars (black widows and related systems) show optical emission suggesting strong heating. In a number of cases, large observed temperatures and asymmetries are inconsistent with direct radiative heating for the observed pulsar spindown power and expected distance. Here we describe a heating model in which the pulsar wind sets up an intrabinary shock (IBS) against the companion wind and magnetic field, and a portion of the shock particles duct along this field to the companion magnetic poles. We show that a variety of heating patterns, and improved fits to the observed light curves, can be obtained at expected pulsar distances and luminosities, at the expense of a handful of model parameters. We test this “IBS-B” model against three well-observed binaries and comment on the implications for system masses.
Smooth Optical Self-similar Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Lipunov Vladimir , Simakov Sergey , Gorbovskoy Evgeny , Vlasenko Daniil
Published: August 2017

We offer a new type of calibration for gamma-ray bursts (GRB), in which some class of GRB can be marked and share a common behavior. We name this behavior Smooth Optical Self-similar Emission (SOS-similar Emission) and identify this subclasses of GRBs with optical light curves described by a universal scaling function.
Are Complex Magnetic Field Structures Responsible for the Confined X-class Flares in Super Active Region 12192?
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Ting , Chen Huadong
Published: August 2017

From 2014 October 19 to 27, six X-class flares occurred in super active region (AR) 12192. They were all confined flares and were not followed by coronal mass ejections. To examine the structures of the four flares close to the solar disk center from October 22 to 26, we firstly employ composite triple-time images in each flare process to display the stratified structure of these flare loops. The loop structures of each flare in both the lower (171 Å) and higher (131 Å) temperature channels are complex, e.g., the flare loops rooting at flare ribbons are sheared or twisted (enwound) together, and the complex structures were not destroyed during the flares. For the first flare, although the flare loop system appears as a spindle shape, we can estimate its structures from observations, with lengths ranging from 130 to 300 Mm, heights from 65 to 150 Mm, widths at the middle part of the spindle from 40 to 100 Mm, and shear angles from 16° to 90°. Moreover, the flare ribbons display irregular movements, such as the left ribbon fragments of the flare on October 22 sweeping a small region repeatedly, and both ribbons of the flare on October 26 moved along the same direction instead of separating from each other. These irregular movements also imply that the corresponding flare loops are complex, e.g., several sets of flare loops are twisted together. Although previous studies have suggested that the background magnetic fields prevent confined flares from erupting,based on these observations, we suggest that complex flare loop structures may be responsible for these confined flares.
A Multi-wavelength Study of the Turbulent Central Engine of the Low-mass AGN Hosted by NGC 404
Authors: Nyland Kristina , Davis Timothy A. , Nguyen Dieu D. , Seth Anil , Wrobel Joan M. , Kamble Atish , Lacy Mark , Alatalo Katherine , Karovska Margarita , Maksym W. Peter , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Young Lisa M.
Published: August 2017

The nearby dwarf galaxy NGC 404 harbors a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus powered by the lowest-mass (<150,000 M
⊙) central massive black hole (MBH), with a dynamical mass constraint, currently known, thus providing a rare low-redshift analog to the MBH “seeds” that formed in the early universe. Here, we present new imaging of the nucleus of NGC 404 at 12–18 GHz with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and observations of the CO(2–1) line with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). For the first time, we have successfully resolved the nuclear radio emission, revealing a centrally peaked, extended source spanning 17 pc. Combined with previous VLA observations, our new data place a tight constraint on the radio spectral index and indicate an optically thin synchrotron origin for the emission. The peak of the resolved radio source coincides with the dynamical center of NGC 404, the center of a rotating disk of molecular gas, and the position of a compact, hard X-ray source. We also present evidence for shocks in the NGC 404 nucleus from archival narrowband HST imaging, Chandra X-ray data, and Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy, and discuss possible origins for the shock excitation. Given the morphology, location, and steep spectral index of the resolved radio source, as well as constraints on nuclear star formation from the ALMA CO(2–1) data, we find the most likely scenario for the origin of the radio source in the center of NGC 404 to be a radio outflow associated with a confined jet driven by the active nucleus.
A Database of Flare Ribbon Properties from the Solar Dynamics Observatory. I. Reconnection Flux
Authors: Kazachenko Maria D. , Lynch Benjamin J. , Welsch Brian T. , Sun Xudong
Published: August 2017

We present a database of 3137 solar flare ribbon events corresponding to every flare of GOES class C1.0 and greater within 45° from the central meridian, from 2010 April until 2016 April, observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory. For every event in the database, we compare the GOES peak X-ray flux with the corresponding active region and flare ribbon properties. We find that while the peak X-ray flux is not correlated with the active region unsigned magnetic flux, it is strongly correlated with the flare ribbon reconnection flux, flare ribbon area, and the fraction of active region flux that undergoes reconnection. We find the relationship between the peak X-ray flux and the flare ribbon reconnection flux to be

. This scaling law is consistent with earlier hydrodynamic simulations of impulsively heated flare loops. Using the flare reconnection flux as a proxy for the total released flare energy E, we find that the occurrence frequency of flare energies follows a power-law dependence:

for

, consistent with earlier studies of solar and stellar flares. The database is available online and can be used for future quantitative studies of flares.
Probing the Dependence of the Intergalactic Medium on Large-scale Environment Using the Low-redshift Lyα Forest
Authors: Tonnesen Stephanie , Smith Britton D. , Kollmeier Juna A. , Cen Renyue
Published: August 2017

We examine the statistics of the low-redshift Lyα forest in a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation using adaptive mesh refinement that has sufficient volume to include distinct large-scale environments. We compare our H i column density distribution of absorbers both with recent work and between two highly refined regions of our simulation: a large-scale overdensity and a large-scale underdensity (on scales of approximately 20 Mpc). We recover the average results presented by Kollmeier et al. using different simulation methods. We further break down these results as a function of environment to examine the detailed dependence of absorber statistics on large-scale density. We find that the slope of the H i column density distribution (CDD) in the range

 ≤ 

/cm−2 ≤ 

depends on environment such that the slope becomes steeper for higher environmental density, and this difference reflects distinct physical conditions of the intergalactic medium (IGM) on these scales. We track this difference to the different temperature structures of filaments in varying environments. Specifically, filaments in the overdensity are hotter, and correspondingly are composed of gas with lower H i fractions than those in underdense environments. Our results highlight that in order to understand the physics driving the H i CDD, we need not only improved accounting of the sources of ionizing UV photons, but also a clearer picture of the physical conditions of the IGM and how it may vary as a function of large-scale environment.
Critically Evaluated Energy Levels, Spectral Lines, Transition Probabilities, and Intensities of Neutral Vanadium (V i)
Authors: Saloman Edward B. , Kramida Alexander
Published: August 2017

The energy levels, observed spectral lines, and transition probabilities of the neutral vanadium atom, V i, have been compiled. Also included are values for some forbidden lines that may be of interest to the astrophysical community. Experimental Landé g-factors and leading percentage compositions for the levels are included where available, as well as wavelengths calculated from the energy levels (Ritz wavelengths). Wavelengths are reported for 3985 transitions, and 549 energy levels are determined. The observed relative intensities normalized to a common scale are provided.
A Far-ultraviolet Fluorescent Molecular Hydrogen Emission Map of the Milky Way Galaxy
Authors: Jo Young-Soo , Seon Kwang-Il , Min Kyoung-Wook , Edelstein Jerry , Han Wonyong
Published: August 2017

We present the far-ultraviolet (FUV) fluorescent molecular hydrogen (H2) emission map of the Milky Way Galaxy obtained with FIMS/SPEAR covering ∼76% of the sky. The extinction-corrected intensity of the fluorescent H2 emission has a strong linear correlation with the well-known tracers of the cold interstellar medium (ISM), including color excess E(B–V), neutral hydrogen column density N(H i), and Hα emission. The all-sky H2 column density map was also obtained using a simple photodissociation region model and interstellar radiation fields derived from UV star catalogs. We estimated the fraction of H2 (f
H2) and the gas-to-dust ratio (GDR) of the diffuse ISM. The f
H2 gradually increases from <1% at optically thin regions where E(B–V) < 0.1 to ∼50% for E(B–V) = 3. The estimated GDR is ∼5.1 × 1021 atoms cm−2 mag−1, in agreement with the standard value of 5.8 × 1021 atoms cm−2 mag−1.
Long-term Photometric Variations in the Candidate White-dwarf Pulsar AR Scorpii from K2, CRTS, and ASAS-SN Observations
Authors: Littlefield Colin , Garnavich Peter , Kennedy Mark , Callanan Paul , Shappee Benjamin , Holoien Thomas
Published: August 2017

We analyze long-cadence Kepler K2 observations of AR Sco from 2014, along with survey photometry obtained between 2005 and 2016 by the Catalina Real-Time Sky Survey and the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae. The K2 data show the orbital modulation to have been fairly stable during the 78 days of observations, but we detect aperiodic deviations from the average waveform with an amplitude of ∼2% on a timescale of a few days. A comparison of the K2 data with the survey photometry reveals that the orbital waveform gradually changed between 2005 and 2010, with the orbital maximum shifting to earlier phases. We compare these photometric variations with proposed models of this unusual system.
Responses of water mite assemblages (Acari) to environmental parameters at irrigated rice cultivation fields and native lakes
Authors: da Silva Guilherme Liberato , Metzelthin Maicon H. , Da-Costa Tairis , Rocha Matheus , Silva Darliane E. , Ferla Noeli J. , da Silva Onilda S.
Published: August 2017

Many studies have revealed that water mite communities can be affected by the physical and chemical parameters of the water. The similarity between the water ‘mite assemblages in local water bodies and in irrigated rice areas can be a way to measure the water conditions, enabling an assessment of the anthropic impact in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of water mites in lakes and irrigated rice fields in south Brazil. To accomplish that we characterized the distinctive environments using physical and chemical variables such as pH, turbidity (NTU), water temperature (°C) and dissolved oxygen (mg/L), in order to verify the influence of these abiotic factors on the species composition of water mite communities; and to compare water mite abundance, richness and composition among different habitats. We assessed three native lakes and four sites with irrigated rice cultivation. Our results showed, for the first time in Brazil, strong correlations between the water mite fauna and turbidity. In addition, native lakes were richer and had greater mite abundance when compared with the irrigated rice areas.
Can Yoga Bring Molecular Changes in Brain and Body
Authors: Anand Akshay , Pannu Viraaj , Bhalla Ashish , Singh Gurmeet , Singh Suresh
Published: August 2017

Mind body therapy which includes Yoga, Tai chi, Qigong, etc., are re-emerging as beneficial tools for providing solutions to the post-modern health care challenges. These therapies are believed to address the mind body interaction by either inducing parasympathetic systems or molecular mechanisms hitherto undeciphered. Among these mind body therapies, Yoga is considered as a fast growing and popular system of asana and breathing practices which allow seamless integration of physical exercises with meditative postures. The precise molecular mechanism underlying yoga, therefore, remains unclear. The proposed book chapter will provide a historical review of studies arguing in support of the hypothesis that these mind body interventions must have measurable regenerative and molecular effects that need the same rigour of scientific investigation and analysis reserved for orthodox pharmacological discovery.
Psychophysiological Rationale for Use of Yoga in Heart Disease
Authors: Manchanda Subhash , Madan Kushal
Published: August 2017

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The main reason for increase of CVD is considered to be unhealthy lifestyle consistent of high fat, refined diet, psychosocial stress, lack of exercise and tobacco. In spite of several recent advances in the management of CVD the incidence is rapidly increasing specially in the developing countries and their economic burden is huge. There is a need for new cost effective and safe strategy to control this growing epidemic of CVD. Yoga may be such an alternative for controlling CVD. Several research studies suggest that yoga may be promising technique for primary and secondary prevention of CVD and these will be reviewed briefly in this chapter.
Common Features Between Findings in Traditional Texts and Contemporary Science
Authors: Gharote Manmath
Published: August 2017

Yoga is a lifestyle and is also a system of therapy. The status of Yoga in modern times and in the masses has been established and enjoys great acceptance only as a system of therapy to upkeep good health. People join Yoga classes to lose weight, to get relief from diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma and to get rid of various diseases. A profound ‘law of Nature' is at work which, through certain Yogic practices, can be approached for gaining good health. Any system of medicine of therapy which does not try to understand this law of nature and its style of working will always remain inadequate. One may like to criticize such a stand on the basis that these round too idealistic, unattainable and also impracticable. But the fact remains the same that unless fundamentals are acquired with, and also integrated in life, a system of therapy of medicine would seldom cure a serious or chronic problem. As a desperate attempt to locate the unknown causes of diseases, varieties of systems have been developed over a long period of time. The aim of the ancient literature of yoga is to spread the authentic message to the masses so that the practitioner will be guided for complete eradication of sufferings and achieving eternal life. So considering this guideline most of the ancient texts threw some lights on the concept of diseases and its remedies. ‘Hatharatnavali' is an important text of Hathayoga written by Srinivasa but not widely known as ‘Hathapradipika' The salient features of the text include clear conception of yoga, description of ashtakarmas, 84 asanas and elaboration of mudras. While describing the yogic techniques, the author also refers to some of the diseases such as. dehaanala – bodily fire, jatharaagni – gastric fire, dvipa – bodily constituents, humours, phlegmaticdisorders, and urinary acidity.
Visual Rhetoric
Authors: Kramer Kate
Published: August 2017

This literature review traces recent scholarship on a particular form of communication that uses images for persuasive purposes: visual rhetoric. Disciplines within the purview of this literature review include writing studies, speech, communication, education, and marketing as well as, to a limited degree, anthropology, information science, art history, architecture, and design. The chapter will discuss three main theoretical constructs which ground scholarship in this field: rhetoric, iconology, and semiotics. The chapter will then explore how the Sister Arts tradition has been evoked as a potential model for interdisciplinary scholarly work; describe the propensity for social justice in writing studies pedagogy; identify convergence and divergence in scholarship on visual rhetoric that hold promise for new avenues of interdisciplinary research; and introduce scholarship in education and information science that sheds new light on the topic.
A Place for Imagery in Composing Histories
Authors: Brenneman Megan
Published: August 2017

This chapter discusses the affordances and constraints for the visual modes of meaning making at the Gettysburg Museum of the American Civil War. The past is remembered in terms of available memory tools, which effectively shape an understanding of history when carefully presented with context to an audience. Visual imagery at the museum presents material in ways that other modes cannot; however, it is dependent on other modes to set proper context during the audience's meaning making process. The museum at Gettysburg relies heavily upon visual modes to compose Civil War histories. The multimodalities (visuals, objects, texts) work synchronously as fragmented pieces of history to create a more whole understanding for the audience.
The Relation Between an English Language Textbook and a Teacher's Practice in a Brazilian Public School
Authors: Valdivino da Silva Maria Zenaide , Araújo Antonia Dilamar
Published: August 2017

Communication has become increasingly multimodal in contemporary society. This fact has prompted reflections on how pedagogical actions reflect these changes. In this chapter, the authors investigate the relationship between the multimodal approach of a textbook and the pedagogy of an English language teacher from a public school in Brazil. The theoretical bases of the study are Kress and van Leeuwen (2006), Jewitt (2008, 2009), Bezemer and Kress (2008, 2015), Callow (1999, 2006), among others. The study conducted by the authors is an ethnographic with descriptive and interpretative features. The main conclusions indicate that teacher's manual suggests adopting critical visual literacy, but it was not materialized in the activities. Both, teacher and textbook call students' attention to the images to teach language, rather than to explore critical visual literacy. They seek to develop the written code skill. Finally, the researchers suggest that textbooks should be designed and more pedagogical training about approaches that emphasize multimodal literacies should be promoted.
Indian Healthcare Service Management Through Data Mining
Authors: Pradhan Manaswini
Published: August 2017

The main intention of our method is to provide better Healthcare services over the rural areas in terms of prediction of the chief hospitals with required basic facilities around that particular area. Accordingly, a Questionnaire survey is made for collecting the relevant hospital data around the Odisha region. Then, the concept of data mining is utilized in order to extract the data from the Questionnaire. Further, Incremental Spanning algorithm is introduced here for the mining of data from the Questionnaire. In the Questionnaire, appropriate score values were assigned for each category based on the requirement. Moreover, the hospital satisfying all the required components within the Questionnaire have to be determined for predicting the better hospitals. The Genetic Algorithm is introduced so as to determine the maximum of the score values obtaining for the input hospital data. Finally, the ranking of first five supreme hospitals is determined around the Odisha region.
A Novel Hybrid Model Using RBF and PSO for Net Asset Value Prediction
Authors: Anish C. M. , Majhi Babita , Majhi Ritanjali
Published: August 2017

Net asset value (NAV) prediction is an important area of research as small investors are doing investment in there, Literature survey reveals that very little work has been done in this field. The reported literature mainly used various neural network models for NAV prediction. But the derivative based learning algorithms of these reported models have the problem of trapping into the local solution. Hence in chapter derivative free algorithm, particle swarm optimization is used to update the parameters of radial basis function neural network for prediction of NAV. The positions of particles represent the centers, spreads and weights of the RBF model and the minimum MSE is used as the cost function. The convergence characteristics are obtained to show the performance of the model during training phase. The MAPE and RMSE value are calculated during testing phase to show the performance of the proposed RBF-PSO model. These performance measure exhibits that the proposed model is better model in comparison to MLANN, FLANN and RBFNN models.
A Statistical Scrutiny of Three Prominent Machine-Learning Techniques to Forecast Machining Performance Parameters of Inconel 690
Authors: Sen Binayak , Mandal Uttam Kumar , Mondal Sankar Prasad
Published: August 2017

Computational approaches like “Black box” predictive modeling approaches are extensively used technique applied in machine learning operations of today. Considering the latest trends, present study compares capabilities of two different “Black box” predictive model like ANFIS and ANN with a population-based evolutionary algorithm GEP for forecasting machining parameters of Inconel 690 material, machined in a CNC-assisted 3-axis milling machine. The aims of this article are to represent considerable data showing, every techniques performance under the criteria of root mean square error (RSME), Correlational coefficient R and Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). In this chapter, we vigorously demonstrate that the performance of the GEP model is far superior to ANFIS and ANN model.
DE-Based RBFNs for Classification With Special Attention to Noise Removal and Irrelevant Features
Authors: Dash Ch. Sanjeev Kumar , Behera Ajit Kumar , Nayak Sarat Chandra
Published: August 2017

This chapter presents a novel approach for classification of dataset by suitably tuning the parameters of radial basis function networks with an additional cost of feature selection. Inputting optimal and relevant set of features to a radial basis function may greatly enhance the network efficiency (in terms of accuracy) at the same time compact its size. In this chapter, the authors use information gain theory (a kind of filter approach) for reducing the features and differential evolution for tuning center and spread of radial basis functions. Different feature selection methods, handling missing values and removal of inconsistency to improve the classification accuracy of the proposed model are emphasized. The proposed approach is validated with a few benchmarking highly skewed and balanced dataset retrieved from University of California, Irvine (UCI) repository. The experimental study is encouraging to pursue further extensive research in highly skewed data.
An Overview of the Last Advances and Applications of Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure
Authors: Márquez Airam Expósito , Expósito-Izquierdo Christopher
Published: August 2017

One of the most studied methods to get approximate solutions in optimization problems are the heuristics methods. Heuristics are usually employed to find good, but not necessarily optima solutions. The primary purpose of the chapter at hand is to provide a survey of the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures (GRASP). GRASP is an iterative multi-start metaheuristic for solving complex optimization problems. Each GRASP iteration consists of a construction phase followed by a local search procedure. In this paper, we first describe the basic components of GRASP and the various elements that compose it. We present different variations of the basic GRASP in order to improve its performance. The GRASP has encompassed a wide range of applications, covering different fields because of its robustness and easy to apply.
Nature-Inspired-Algorithms-Based Cellular Location Management
Authors: Swayamsiddha Swati , Singhal Chetna , Roy Rajarshi
Published: August 2017

Nature-Inspired algorithms have gained relevance particularly for solving complex optimization problems in engineering domain. An overview of implementation modeling of the established algorithms to newly developed algorithms is outlined. Mobile location management has vital importance in wireless cellular communication and can be viewed as an optimization problem. It has two aspects: location update and paging where the objective is to reduce the overall cost incurred corresponding to these two operations. The potential application of the Nature-Inspired algorithms to mobile location management is studied. Many such algorithms are recently being explored along with incremental modifications to the existing techniques. Finally, analysis and insights highlight the further scopes of the Nature-Inspired algorithms to mobile location management application.
Fuzziness in Ant Colony Optimization and Their Applications
Authors: Hudedagaddi Deepthi P. , Tripathy B. K.
Published: August 2017

Nature-inspired algorithms are still at a very early stage with a relatively short history, comparing with many traditional, well-established methods. Metaheuristics, in their original definition, are solution methods that orchestrate an interaction between local improvement procedures and higher level strategies to create a process capable of escaping from local optima and performing a robust search of a solution space. One major algorithm is Ant Colony Optimization which has been applied in varied domains to better the performance. Fuzzy Linear Programming models and methods has been one of the most and well-studied topics inside the broad area of Soft Computing. Its applications as well as practical realizations can be found in all the real-world areas. Here we wish to introduce how fuzziness can be included in a nature inspired algorithm like ant colony optimization and thereby enhance its functionality. Several applications of ACO with fuzzy concepts will be introduced in the chapter.
Analysis and Implementation of Artificial Bee Colony Optimization in Constrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Sahoo Soumya , Mishra Sushruta , Mishra Brojo Kishore Kishore , Mishra Monalisa
Published: August 2017

The growing complexity of real-world problems has motivated computer scientists to search for efficient problem-solving methods. Evolutionary computation and swarm intelligence meta-heuristics are outstanding examples that nature has been an unending source of inspiration. The behaviour of bees, bacteria, glow-worms, fireflies, slime moulds, cockroaches, mosquitoes and other organisms have inspired swarm intelligence researchers to devise new optimisation algorithms. Swarm Intelligence appears in biological swarms of certain insect species. It gives rise to complex and often intelligent behavior through complex interaction of thousands of autonomous swarm members. In this chapter, the ABC algorithm has been extended for solving constrained optimization problems and applied to a set of constrained problems.
Escalation of Prediction Accuracy With Virtual Data
Authors: Nayak Sarat Chandra , Misra Bijan Bihari , Behera Himansu Sekhar
Published: August 2017

Random fluctuations occur in the trend of financial time series due to many macroeconomic factors. Such fluctuations lead to sudden fall after a constant raise or a sudden rise after a constant fall, which are difficult to predict from previous data points. At the fluctuation point, previous data points that are not too close to the target price adversely influence the prediction trend. Far away points may be ignored and close enough virtual data points are explored and incorporated in order to diminish the adverse prediction trend at fluctuations. From the given data points in the training set, virtual data positions (VDP) can be explored and used to enhance the prediction accuracy. This chapter presents some deterministic and stochastic approaches to explore such VDPs. From the given data points in the training set, VDPs are explored and incorporated to the original financial time series to enhance the prediction accuracy of the model. To train and validate the models, ten real stock indices are used and the models developed with the VDPs yields much better prediction accuracy.
Determination of Spatial Variability of Rock Depth of Chennai
Authors: Samui Pijush , R. Viswanathan , J. Jagan , Kurup Pradeep U.
Published: August 2017

This study adopts four modeling techniques Ordinary Kriging(OK), Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN), Genetic Programming(GP) and Minimax Probability Machine Regression(MPMR) for prediction of rock depth(d) at Chennai(India). Latitude (Lx) and Longitude(Ly) have been used as inputs of the models. A semivariogram has been constructed for developing the OK model. The developed GP gives equation for prediction of d at any point in Chennai. A comparison of four modeling techniques has been carried out. The performance of MPMR is slightly better than the other models. The developed models give the spatial variability of rock depth at Chennai.
Cryptography in Big Data Security
Authors: Jambhekar Navin , Dhawale Chitra Anil
Published: August 2017

Information security is a prime goal for every individual and organization. The travelling from client to cloud server can be prone to security issues. The big data storages are available through cloud computing system to facilitate mobile client. The information security can be provided to mobile client and cloud technology with the help of integrated parallel and distributed encryption and decryption mechanism. The traditional technologies include the plaintext stored across cloud and can be prone to security issues. The solution provided by applying the encrypted data upload and encrypted search. The clouds can work in collaboration; therefore, the encryption can also be done in collaboration. Some part of encryption handle by client and other part handled by cloud system. This chapter presents the security scenario of different security algorithms and the concept of mobile and cloud computing. This chapter precisely defines the security features of existing cloud and big data system and provides the new framework that helps to improve the data security over cloud computing and big data security system.
Verbal Techniques of the Language of Tourism Across Cultures
Authors: Manca Elena
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to analyse the verbal techniques which are more frequently used in tourism discourse, that is to say comparison, key words and keying, testimony, languaging, and ego-targeting (Dann, 1996). In order to do that, five official websites have been chosen for analysis, namely the websites which promote the USA, Canada, Australia, Great Britain, and Italy as tourist destinations. The linguistic content available on these websites has been downloaded and five comparable corpora have been assembled and analysed through WordSmith Tool 6.0 software for linguistic analysis (Scott, 2012). The methodological approach adopted combines the Corpus Linguistics approach with Cross-cultural studies models, in order to extract quantitative data and to interpret them from a linguistic and cultural perspective (Manca, 2016a). The aim of these analyses is to show that, although these techniques are all peculiar of tourism discourse, they are employed with different frequencies by the five languages/cultures with relevant implications for cross-cultural tourist communication.
The Uniqueness of Iceland as a Tourist Concept and Internal Discourse
Authors: Rancew-Sikora Dorota
Published: August 2017

The chapter concerns the uniqueness of Iceland as a rich and ambiguous concept which extends modern tourist discourse, performs different functions and is essentially located within a particular network of communication between the local people and visitors. The analysis is based on a collective monograph published in Poland, in which Icelandic writers, film-makers and social activists talk to outsiders about their country. The research addresses the following questions: What does the concept of uniqueness mean for Icelanders and what role does it play in a broader discourse related to Iceland? What positions do Icelandic actors take within the thesis of uniqueness of the place where they live? In what aspects do they try to maintain or destroy the tourist definition of their place? In result it is visible how the attractive tourist vision is unmasked as a dangerous illusion. The authors express the opinion that Iceland is being too deeply and too painfully stripped of the myth of particularity and this has become an important part of Icelanders' reality, which they have to deal with
Teaching the Sociolinguistics of Tourism
Authors: Hallett Richard W.
Published: August 2017

In the spring semester of 2012 the author taught a new course in the graduate program in linguistics at a comprehensive state university in a large American metropolis: Language and Tourism. For the first time in at this university, a graduate course focusing solely on the analysis of tourism materials, e.g. official tourism websites, travel programs, brochures, etc., was offered as an elective to students who had taken a sociolinguistics course without such a narrow focus. Thirteen students pursuing their Master of Arts (MA) degrees – twelve in the MA Program in Linguistics and one in the MA Program in Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) – enrolled in and successfully completed this course. This chapter, which provides an overview of a graduate level linguistics course in Language and Tourism based on the author's critical reflections on teaching (Brookfield, 2017), offers suggestions for how sociolinguistic concepts can be taught through the study of tourism and encourages more linguistic-based research in the instruction of tourism studies.
Through the Eyes of the Tourist
Authors: Martin-Monje Elena , Sedano Beatriz
Published: August 2017

This chapter takes into consideration the language needs of those that wish to learn a foreign language with the purpose of becoming independent travellers. That perspective has not been overtly addressed from a scholarly perspective so far and that is precisely the authors' attempt: to fill that gap and make the case for the explicit inclusion of the Language of Tourism from the traveller's perspective within Tourism Discourse. After consultation with a panel of experts and the thorough analysis of published materials, the authors indicate –through the example of Spanish for Tourism- how this specific area deserves a place within the field of Languages for Specific Purposes.
Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Daniel Ana Dias , Reis de Castro Vânia
Published: August 2017

Although the number of education programs in the context of entrepreneurship is growing, its impact continues to generate controversy in the scientific world. Poorly defined methods and misguided strategies do not allow entrepreneurial education to exploit its potential regarding the impact it may have on the entrepreneurial intention of students and, consequently, on their possible future entrepreneurial behaviour. The purpose and contribution of this chapter is to offer a clearer picture regarding the different research approaches used to assess the impact of entrepreneurship education in entrepreneurial intentions. In terms of methodology, the relevant literature was reviewed and conclusions were draw from the different approaches researchers used considering the Theory of Planned Behaviour. In this case, entrepreneurship education programs may have an impact on the antecedents of the TPB, or as a mediation variable between the different antecedents and entrepreneurial intention, as well as between the different antecedents, or affecting directly on entrepreneurial intention.
Positive Effects of the Innovative Start-Up on University Spin-Offs
Authors: Piccarozzi Michela , Silvestri Cecilia , Stefanoni Alessandra
Published: August 2017

The third mission of the university has developed over the years, becoming a key aspect of university policy. The spin-offs are increasingly prosperous and innovative. Over the last decade University spin-offs in Italy have developed, but there are many difficulties that hinder the creation and success of such initiatives. A recent regulatory intervention, however, has created the conditions to overcome these difficulties by introducing the theme of innovative start-ups. Through the analysis of this issue we want to emphasize if these start-ups can contribute to the optimal development of spin-offs.
Mental Health and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: August 2017

This chapter reveals the important perspectives on mental health, mental illness, and technology utilization; mental health education and mental health nursing; the overview of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT); CBT, depression, anxiety, and insomnia; CBT and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD); and CBT and heart failure. Mental health strengthens the individuals' ability to have healthy relationships; make good life choices; maintain physical health and well-being; handle the natural ups and downs of life; and grow toward individuals' potential. Mental health is associated with higher productivity, better performance, more consistent work attendance, and fewer workplace accidents. CBT is a goal-oriented psychotherapy treatment that takes a practical approach to problem-solving skills. CBT involves recognizing the unhelpful or destructive patterns of thinking and reacting, thus modifying or replacing these patterns with more realistic or helpful ones.
Dispersion, Diaspora Identity and Belonging
Authors: Eminoğlu Can
Published: August 2017

Turks are one of those migrants living in Europe with constituting majority of the migrants in the country of residence and Denmark is among those countries that opened its doors to Turks since 1960's. In this research, I specifically focus on the diaspora consciousness, relations and belonging of the Turkish migrants in Denmark. In doing that, Copenhagen is chosen as the city for the case study. Focusing on the Turkish diaspora and reflection of the sociological realities in the issue of integration to Denmark is the basis of this research. I use qualitative research method and interviewed with 7 migrants from Turkey in living in Copenhagen while conducting my research applying structured interview method. In this study, I have found out that diaspora identity has a significant role in getting integrated to Denmark. As a result of these, migrant Turkish identity becomes bolder which has a direct affect in the level of integration to Denmark.
An Insight into Global Perspectives on Human Resources Management Practices for Immigrants and Refugees
Authors: Doğru Çağlar
Published: August 2017

According to new data obtained from the United Nations, the number of international immigrants have reached to the number of 244 million in 2015. Nearly 4 out of 100 people in the world live in foreign countries instead of living in countries where they were born. Among these people, 10 per cent are refugees. These 20 million people have been forced to live abroad depending on political and other reasons. All these people try to have a life standard worthy of human dignity. At this point, human resources management practices of host countries should provide “decent work” which is firstly introduced by International Labour Organization as a concept. In this chapter, while adapting immigrants and refugees to the business life of host countries, it has been searched which human resources management practices are used by companies and how. Among these practices it has been remarked that, practices like human resources planning, personnel recruitment and selection, training and development of employees, career management and planning, performance appraisal, compensation, job security and worker safety issues gain importance.
Peace Building Lessons from the Civilian Survival Strategy of Flight in Syria, 2011-2016
Authors: Mutanda Darlington
Published: August 2017

Syria is in a devastating war brought by the Arab Spring. The country witnessed perhaps the bulk of the brutalities of the Arab Spring evidenced by the massacre of civilians and obliteration of historical and valuable property. In view of the brutal and global nature of the Syrian conflict, this chapter examines the significance of flight as a survival strategy developed by the Syrians in the wake of the Syrian conflict which began in 2011. This approach is not only significant in appreciating the fact that civilians are not necessarily passive recipients of violence but also gives us an opportunity to reflect on how superpower involvement deprived Syrians of the chance to come up with home-grown solutions before the conflict degenerated into an all-out war. The civilian strategy of flight thus shows the vulnerability of civilians in conflict and the significance of local solutions and ownership of peacebuilding programmes.
What Price for Ecosystem Services in China?
Authors: Zheng Haixia , Navrud Stale , Shen Shiran
Published: August 2017

Payment for Environmental Services (PES) in the watershed has been widely adopted as an important policy instrument to compensate upstream water users for providing water quality improvement for the whole river basin. In this paper, we use three independent valuation methods to determine the price of ecosystem service (ES), particularly water quality, in Miyun Reservoir, the main surface water source for Beijing. We find that the value of water quality is lowest using opportunity cost of limitation of development rights (OCLDR), highest with contingent valuation method (CVM), and water resources benefits assessment (WRBA) gives an in-between value. OCLDR determines the size of subsidies from those that benefit from water quality improvement from upstream. WRBA is a reference for compensation criteria to the upstream government and farmers when water resources are transferred across jurisdictional boundaries. CVM not only captures the direct value of water quality improvement, but also the indirect value of improvement in other ecosystem services as a result of improvement in water quality. Based on the results, we propose a multi-level ecological compensation system for the Miyun Reservoir river basin. We use OCLDR to determine subsides/ compensation to upstream farmers and other suppliers of the ES; WRBA set the price of water transfer; and CVM to figure out the size of payments for integrated water quality improvement.
Challenges for Sustainable Water Resources Management in Botswana
Authors: Kenabatho P. K. , Parida B. P.
Published: August 2017

Like many semi-arid areas of Africa, Botswana continues to experience inadequate water supply particularly in the southern part of the country. In the last ten years, water restrictions have become part of water demand strategy aimed at maintaining sustainable water supply throughout the year. This has affected many economic sectors particularly small scale enterprises which directly rely on water for their business operations such as car wash and landscaping businesses. The issue of inadequate water availability and supply is more pronounced in Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana which relies on Gaborone dam as the main source of water to drive the economy. The dam was last filled to capacity in 2006 and has not spilled since then. While there are several factors affecting the inflows to the dams, rainfall is the principal candidate limiting water availability in the area. Past studies have shown a decline in rainfall and an increase in temperature since 1982. However, there are uncertainties associated with rainfall data, mainly regarding the presence of missing values which affect many hydrological modelling tools. In this chapter, we focus specifically on the effects of missing rainfall data and data infilling strategies on hydrological applications using rainfall and hydrological modelling tools. We also demonstrate the implications of these on spatial rainfall interpolation methods based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Our discussion focuses on the value of data as a priority developmental issue which should receive utmost attention particularly in the wake of climate change.
Emerging Approaches to Data Management for a New Geospatial Science Research
Authors: Maphanyane Joyce Gosata , Mapeo Read Brown Mthanganyika , Simela Sethunya
Published: August 2017

Chapter 19 and Chapter 20 are on the emerging approaches to data management for a new geospatial science research. This chapter gives the essences and the methodologies of data matter perspective, and it has two sections; Section A highlights the subject theme; the essences of geospatial science data matter; while Section B expands that into the geospatial science data methodologies. Chapter 20 is the about the data management optimization perspective. It has only one section; Section C, that develops further the essence and methodologies of geospatial data cultivated in these two previous sections. The whole analytical discussion is in the emerging fields and how they had optimized and totally changed the geospatial science data management panorama.