bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management and outcomes of haemorrhage after pancreatogastrostomy versus pancreatojejunostomy
Authors: Eckardt A J , Klein F , Adler A , Veltzke-Schlieker W , Warnick P , Bahra M , Wiedenmann B , Neuhaus P , Neumann K , Glanemann M
Published: September 2011

Background

Postpancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). It remains unclear whether performance of a pancreatogastrostomy (PG) instead of a pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) improves outcomes owing to better endoscopic accessibility.

Methods

A large retrospective analysis was undertaken to compare outcomes of PPH, depending on whether a PG or PJ was performed. The primary outcome was the rate of successful endoscopy. A secondary outcome was the therapeutic success after adding surgery.

Results

Of 944 patients who had a PD, 8·4 per cent developed PPH. Endoscopy was the primary intervention in 21 (81 per cent) of 26 patients with a PG and 34 (64 per cent) of 53 with a PJ; it identified the bleeding site in 35 and 25 per cent respectively (P = 0·347). Successful endoscopic treatment was more common in the PG group (31 versus 9 per cent; P = 0·026). Surgery was performed for PPH in 15 patients (58 per cent) with a PG and 35 (66 per cent) with a PJ (P = 0·470). The majority of haemorrhages that required surgery were non-anastomotic intra-abdominal haemorrhages (12 of 15 versus 21 of 35; P = 0·171). Endoscopic or conservative treatment for PPH was successful in 42 per cent of patients with a PG and 32 per cent with a PJ (P = 0·520). The success rate increased to 85 and 91 per cent respectively when surgery was included in the algorithm (P = 0·467).

Conclusion

The type of pancreatic anastomosis and its inherent effect on endoscopic accessibility had very little impact on the outcome of PPH. This was because haemorrhage frequently occurred from intra-abdominal or non-anastomotic intraluminal lesions.
Endoscopic and surgical management of serrated colonic polyps
Authors: Leonard D F , Dozois E J , Smyrk T C , Suwanthanma W , Baron T H , Cima R R , Larson D W
Published: September 2011

Background

Serrated polyps are an inhomogeneous group of lesions that harbour precursors of colorectal cancer. Current research has been directed at further defining the histopathological characteristics of these lesions, but definitive treatment recommendations are unclear. The aim was to review the current literature regarding classification, molecular genetics and natural history of these lesions in order to propose a treatment algorithm for surgeons to consider.

Methods

The PubMed database was searched using the following search terms: serrated polyp, serrated adenoma, hyperplastic polyp, hyperplastic polyposis, adenoma, endoscopy, surgery, guidelines. Papers published between 1980 and 2010 were selected.

Results

Sixty papers met the selection criteria. Most authors agree that recommendations regarding endoscopic or surgical management should be based on the polyp's neoplastic potential. Polyps greater than 5 mm should be biopsied to determine their histology so that intervention can be directed accurately. Narrow-band imaging or chromoendoscopy may facilitate the detection and assessment of extent of lesions. Complete endoscopic removal of sessile serrated adenomas in the left or right colon is recommended. Follow-up colonoscopy is recommended in 2–6 months if endoscopic removal is incomplete. If the lesion cannot be entirely removed endoscopically, segmental colectomy is strongly recommended owing to the malignant potential of these polyps. Left-sided lesions are more likely to be pedunculated, making them more amenable to successful endoscopic removal.

Conclusion

Even though the neoplastic potential of certain subtypes of serrated polyp is heavily supported, further studies are needed to make definitive endoscopic and surgical recommendations.
Chemometrics applications in biotech processes: Assessing process comparability
Authors: Bhushan Nitish , Hadpe Sandip , Rathore Anurag S.
Published: September 2011

A typical biotech process starts with the vial of the cell bank, ends with the final product and has anywhere from 15 to 30 unit operations in series. The total number of process variables (input and output parameters) and other variables (raw materials) can add up to several hundred variables. As the manufacturing process is widely accepted to have significant impact on the quality of the product, the regulatory agencies require an assessment of process comparability across different phases of manufacturing (Phase I vs. Phase II vs. Phase III vs. Commercial) as well as other key activities during product commercialization (process scale‐up, technology transfer, and process improvement). However, assessing comparability for a process with such a large number of variables is nontrivial and often companies resort to qualitative comparisons. In this article, we present a quantitative approach for assessing process comparability via use of chemometrics. To our knowledge this is the first time that such an approach has been published for biotech processing. The approach has been applied to an industrial case study involving evaluation of two processes that are being used for commercial manufacturing of a major biosimilar product. It has been demonstrated that the proposed approach is able to successfully identify the unit operations in the two processes that are operating differently. We expect this approach, which can also be applied toward assessing product comparability, to be of great use to both the regulators and the industry which otherwise struggle to assess comparability. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Patterns of radiocarpal joint articular cartilage wear in cadavers
Authors: Gorniak Gerard C. , Conrad Will , Conrad Erin , Decker Bonnie
Published: September 2011

The radiocarpal joint transmits about 80% of the compression forces crossing the wrist. However, primary osteoarthritis of this joint is surprisingly uncommon, suggesting that articular cartilage wear is not sufficient to produce arthritic symptoms. By examining the distal radius, scaphoid, and lunate in aged cadavers, wear patterns were charted and measured, allowing assessment of radiocarpal joint wear and mechanics. Bilateral radiocarpal joints of 16 females and 14 males (age 77.7 ± 14.4, N = 30) were exposed and measurements of the wear recorded microscopically. Wear locations were mapped, and X‐Y loci and wear areas calculated. Gender right and sides compared. Over 95% of distal radius wear showed distinct radial‐scaphoid and radial‐lunate wear areas. These bilateral areas were in the palmar half of the distal radius. One main central wear area was seen in 95% of the scaphoid, and 97% of the lunate articular surfaces that were examined. Articular wear showed a circular pattern and was minimal in 95.7% of the surfaces, and the lunate showed the largest wear area. Wear patterns in males and females support the literature that for most ADLs the wrist is in slight extension and ulnar deviation. There are gender differences, but wear areas between sides were similar. Female wear indicates their wrist is positioned more often in a more extended and ulnarly deviated position than males. The wear patterns suggest rotational movements of the scaphoid and lunate during wrist motion and that the wrist is most often used in neutral flexion/extension to slight extension. Clin. Anat. 25:468–477, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discovering the elusive Beauchêne: The originator of the disarticulated anatomic technique
Authors: Spinner Robert J. , Vincent Jean‐François , Wolanskyj Alexandra P.
Published: September 2011

The identity of the Beauchêne bearing the name of the widely used disarticulated anatomic technique has remained elusive over the years. This article traces the skull technique to its originator, Edmé François Chauvot de Beauchêne (ca. 1780–1830), an anatomist and surgeon. In addition to pioneering this innovative anatomic preparation, Edmé François reported the first known case of an intraneural cyst in 1810 and pulmonary air embolism in 1818. The credit has been incorrectly attributed to Claude Beauchêne, an imaginary anatomist in Paris in the 1850s, or to his famous father, Edmé Pierre Chauvot de Beauchêne (1749–1825), a psychologist and physician. The significant accomplishments of Edmé François Chauvot de Beauchêne (Beauchêne fils or Beauchêne son) in medicine have been overshadowed by those of his distinguished father and should be fully recognized. Clin. Anat. 24:797–801, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low attenuation areas in normal costal cartilages on CT: Clinical implication and correlation with histology
Authors: Lee Seunghun , Choi Yo Won , Jeon Seok Chol
Published: September 2011

While normal costal cartilages are known to be homogenous in attenuation on computed tomography (CT), they frequently show internal low attenuation. This study was performed to assess CT features of the low attenuation and to correlate them with histological features. Chest CT scans of 80 patients without chest wall abnormalities in the first eight decades of age with ten consecutive patients in each decade were reviewed. Histological examinations and CT of three costal cartilage specimens, one each from three cadavers, were done. Of the 80 patients, low attenuation areas were noted in 32% of the upper seven costal cartilages and in 64 patients (80%) without significant sexual difference (P = 0.503 and 0.786, respectively). The areas appeared more frequently in the lower costal cartilages than the upper ones, and were mostly symmetrical in distribution (82%). They were usually ill defined (74%) and similar in attenuation to the chest wall muscle (94%), located centrally (100%), and at most a half of the cartilage diameter. In all three cartilage specimens, central areas were grossly distinct from surrounding areas, and were corresponded to low attenuation areas on CT. At histological exam, the central areas showed multiple foci of vascularized loose connective tissue and fat on myxoid background, generally agreeing with the previous description of cartilage canals, a kind of nutrient channel. In conclusion, normal costal cartilages can show central low attenuation areas, which are typically symmetrical in distribution and at most a half of the cartilage diameter. Clin. Anat. 25:483–488, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consuming Male Identities: Masculinities, Gender Relations and Alcohol Consumption in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Willott Sara , Lyons Antonia C.
Published: September 2011

The excessive and public consumption of alcohol with other men has been a traditional indication of manliness in Western cultures for many years. However, over the last two decades, this association has been eroded, in part through increased consumption by women. Within the gender‐relational context of this increase, we empirically explore ways in which particular (friendship) groups of young men and women (re)construct masculine identities. The male participants demonstrated greater discursive flexibility in enacting their gender identities through alcohol consumption compared with earlier NZ research although also greater constraints on change compared with more recent UK research. A minority of men constructed themselves as atypical in that they did not like rugby, beer or consuming vast quantities of alcohol. These men were all in professional occupations, and we speculate that their social class and financial status may enable them to negotiate alternative demonstrations of masculinity. We conclude that these findings could be explicated through an examination of national gendered identities that arose out of a pioneer culture, and the commodification of gender identities through alcohol consumption. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Social Representations of the Bali Climate Conference in the French and German Media
Authors: Caillaud S. , Kalampalikis N. , Flick U.
Published: September 2011

Climate change is a major current affair for which recent United Nations climate conferences aim to build consensus and develop international solutions. The objective of this article is to compare, through the theoretical lens of social representations, the way in which French and German media, specifically newspapers, represent the Bali climate conference. We use the triangulation of data analysis to take both the pragmatic and the semantic aspects of media discourse into account. Results show that German media adopt both a local and a global vision of climate change and of the conference. Religious metaphors highlight a moral dimension of the conference, suggesting anchoring in human and political categories. In contrast, in French media, we identify that conflicts between countries render the stakes of climate change concrete by war metaphors. The French discourses examined are shown to be organised through the anchoring of political and financial categories. Results are discussed in relation to the history of green movements in the two countries and in relation to practical implications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Divergent cytokine response following maximum progressive swimming in hot water
Authors: Campi‐Azevedo Ana Carolina , Cleto Lorena Sabino , da Silva Renata Sabino , de Sousa‐Franco Junia , de Magalhães José Carlos , Penaforte Claudia Lopes , de Castro Pinto Kelerson Mauro , Rocha‐Vieira Etel
Published: September 2011

Exercise promotes transitory alterations in cytokine secretion, and these changes are affected by exercise duration and intensity. Considering that exercise responses also are affected by environmental factors, the goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of water temperature on the cytokine response to maximum swimming. Swiss mice performed a maximum progressive swimming exercise at 31 or 38 °C, and plasma cytokine levels were evaluated immediately or 1, 6 or 24 h after exercise. The cytokine profile after swimming at 31 °C was characterized by increased interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) levels, which peaked 1 h after exercise, suggesting an adequate inflammatory milieu to induce muscle regeneration. Transitory reductions in IL‐10 and IL‐12 levels also were observed after swimming at 31 °C. The cytokine response to swimming was modified when the water temperature was increased to 38 °C. Although exercise at 38 °C also led to IL‐6 secretion, the peak in IL‐6 production occurred 6 h after exercise, and IL‐6 levels were significantly lower than those observed after maximum swimming at 31 °C (p = 0·030). Furthermore, MCP‐1 levels were lower and tumour necrosis factor‐α levels were higher immediately after swimming at 38 °C, suggesting a dysregulated pro‐inflammatory milieu. These alterations in the cytokine profile can be attributed in part to reduced exercise total work because exhaustion occurred sooner in mice swimming at 38 °C than in those swimming at 31 °C. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
S‐Selective Mixed Carboligation by Structure‐Based Design of the Pyruvate Decarboxylase from Acetobacter pasteurianus
Authors: Rother (neé Gocke) Dörte , Kolter Geraldine , Gerhards Tina , Berthold Catrine L. , Gauchenova Ekaterina , Knoll Michael , Pleiss Jürgen , Müller Michael , Schneider Gunter , Pohl Martina
Published: September 2011

The thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)‐dependent pyruvate decarboxylase from Acetobacter pasteurianus (ApPDC) catalyzes the carboligation of aldehydes that yields (R)‐2‐hydroxy ketones with high chemoselectivity in mixed carboligations of aliphatic donor and aromatic acceptor aldehydes. On the basis of the crystal structure of ApPDC, which was determined to a resolution of 2.75 Å, and biochemical data, we mapped the active site. This enabled us to design variants with tailor‐made catalytic activities by modifications of the residues E469 and W388. Although the exchange of W388 by smaller amino acids yields variants with higher carboligase activity due to an increased access to the active site, the exchange of E469 to glycine opens the so‐called S‐pocket in ApPDC for aromatic aldehydes and thus alters the stereoselectivity. The variant ApPDC‐E469G provides access to (S)‐phenylacetylcarbinol derivatives by enzymatic carboligation with a good stereoselectivity of up to 89 % enantiomeric excess. The variant nicely complements the toolbox of ThDP‐dependent enzymes, which now gives access to all stereo‐ and regioisomers of the asymmetric aliphatic–aromatic cross‐benzoin‐like condensation. We prove that optimal stabilization of both aldehydes in the active site is essential to gain high yields and high selectivities.
Investigation of the Binding of a Carbohydrate‐Mimetic Peptide to its Complementary Anticarbohydrate Antibody by STD‐NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular‐Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Szczepina Monica G. , Bleile Dustin W. , Pinto B. Mario
Published: September 2011

Saturation transfer difference (STD)‐NMR spectroscopy was used to probe experimentally the bioactive solution conformation of the carbohydrate mimic MDWNMHAA 1 of the O‐polysaccharide of Shigella flexneri Y when bound to its complementary antibody, mAb SYA/J6. Molecular dynamics simulations using the ZymeCAD™ Molecular Dynamics platform were also undertaken to give a more accurate picture of the conformational flexibility and the possibilities for bound ligand conformations. The ligand topology, or the dynamic epitope, was mapped with the CORCEMA‐ST (COmplete Relaxation and Conformational Exchange Matrix Analysis of Saturation Transfer) program that calculates a total matrix analysis of relaxation and exchange effects to generate predicted STD‐NMR intensities from simulation. The comparison of these predicted STD enhancements with experimental data was used to select a representative binding mode. A protocol that employed theoretical STD effects calculated at snapshots during the entire course of a molecular dynamics (MD) trajectory of the peptide bound to the Fv portion of the antibody, and not the averaged atomic positions of receptor–ligand complexes, was also examined. In addition, the R factor was calculated on the basis of STD (fit) to avoid T1 bias, and an effective R factor, Reff, was defined such that if the calculated STD (fit) for proton k was within error of the experimental STD (fit) for proton k, then that calculated STD (fit) for proton k was not included in the calculation of the R factor. This protocol was effective in deriving the antibody‐bound solution conformation of the peptide which also differed from the bound conformation determined by X‐ray crystallography; however, several discrepancies between experimental and calculated STD (fit) values were observed. The bound conformation was therefore further refined with a simulated annealing refinement protocol known as STD‐NMR intensity‐restrained CORCEMA optimization (SICO) to give a more accurate representation of the bound peptide epitope. Further optimization was required in this case, but a satisfactory correlation between experimental and calculated STD values was obtained. Attempts were also made to obtain STD enhancements with a synthetic pentasaccharide hapten, corresponding to the O‐polysaccharide, while bound to the antibody. However, unfavorable kinetics of binding in this system prevented sufficient STD build‐up, which, in turn, hindered a rigorous analysis via full STD build‐up curves.
Label‐Free Molecular Beacon System Based on DNAs Containing Abasic Sites and Fluorescent Ligands That Bind Abasic Sites
Authors: Sato Yusuke , Nishizawa Seiichi , Teramae Norio
Published: September 2011

A new class of label‐free molecular beacon (MB) system based on DNA strands that contain abasic (AP) sites (AP‐DNA) and adopt stem‐loop structures, in combination with fluorescent ligands that bind these AP sites, has been developed. Unlike a conventional MB, which requires covalent labeling of the MB with a fluorophore and a quencher, the developed system (APMB) does not require covalent attachment of signal transduction units. Detailed sensing functions of a series of APMB systems were examined with the aid of the fluorescent ligand named ATMND to provide insight into the design strategy for APMB systems. The effects of the stem length and the position of the AP site in the stem moiety on the fluorescence response of the APMB system were examined. Genotyping of a G/C SNP of PCR amplification products was successfully demonstrated with the APMB system and blue‐fluorescent ATMND as a ligand. The APMB system was further extended to a system that utilized green‐fluorescent lumiflavin.
Textured Fluorine‐Doped Tin Dioxide Films formed by Chemical Vapour Deposition
Authors: Bhachu Davinder S. , Waugh Mathew R. , Zeissler Katharina , Branford Will R. , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: September 2011

The use of an aerosol delivery system enabled fluorine‐doped tin dioxide films to be formed from monobutyltin trichloride methanolic solutions at 350–550 °C with enhanced functional properties compared with commercial standards. It was noted that small aerosol droplets (0.3 μm) gave films with better figures of merit than larger aerosol droplets (45 μm) or use of a similar precursor set using atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (CVD) conditions. Control over the surface texturing and physical properties of the thin films were investigated by variation in the deposition temperature and dopant concentration. Optimum deposition conditions for low‐emissivity coatings were found to be at a substrate temperature of about 450 °C with a dopant concentration of 1.6 atm % (30 mol % F:Sn in solution), which resulted in films with a low visible light haze value (1.74 %), a high charge‐carrier mobility (25 cm2 V s−1) and a high charge‐carrier density (5.7×1020 cm−3) resulting in a high transmittance across the visible (≈80 %), a high reflectance in the IR (80 % at 2500 nm) and plasma‐edge onset at 1400 nm. Optimum deposition conditions for coatings with applications as top electrodes in thin film photovoltaics were found to be a substrate temperature of about 500 °C with a dopant concentration of 2.2 atm % (30 mol % F:Sn in solution), which resulted in films with a low sheet resistance (3 Ω sq−1), high charge‐carrier density (6.4×1020 cm−3), a plasma edge onset of 1440 nm and the films also showed pyramidal surface texturing on the micrometer scale which corresponded to a high visible light haze value (8 %) for light scattering and trapping within thin film photovoltaic devices.
Probing Spin Density and Local Structure in the Prussian Blue Analogues CsCd[Fe/Co(CN)6]⋅0.5 H2O and Cd3[Fe/Co(CN)6]2⋅15 H2O with Solid‐State MAS NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Flambard Alexandrine , Köhler Frank H. , Lescouëzec Rodrigue , Revel Bertrand
Published: September 2011

Magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy is used to study the local structure and spin delocalisation in Prussian blue analogues (PBAs). We selected two common archetypes of PBAs (AIMII[MIII(CN)6]⋅x H2O and MII3[MIII(CN)6]2⋅x H2O, in which AI is an alkali ion, and MII and MIII are transition‐metal ions) that exhibit similar cubic frameworks but different microscopic structures. Whereas the first type of PBA contains interstitial alkali ions and does not exhibit any [MIII(CN)6]3− vacancies, the second type of PBA exhibits [MIII(CN)6]3− vacancies, but does not contain inserted alkali ions. In this study, we selected CdII as a divalent metal in order to use the 113Cd nuclei (I=1/2) as a probe of the local structure. Here, we present a complete MAS NMR study on two series of PBAs of the formulas CdII3[FeIIIxCoIII1−x(CN)6]2⋅15 H2O with x=0 (1), 0.25 (2), 0.5 (3), 0.75 (4) and 1 (5), and CsCdII[FeIIIxCoIII1−x(CN)6]⋅ 0.5 H2O with x=0 (6), 0.25 (7), 0.5 (8), 0.75 (9) and 1 (10). Interestingly, the presence of FeIII magnetic centres in the vicinity of the cadmium sites has a magnifying‐glass effect on the NMR spectrum: it induces a striking signal spread such that the resolution is notably improved compared to that achieved for the diamagnetic PBAs. By doping the sample with varying amounts of diamagnetic CoIII and comparing the NMR spectra of both types of PBAs, we have been able to give a view of the structure which is complementary to that usually obtained from X‐ray diffraction studies. In particular, this study has shown that the vacancies are not randomly distributed in the mesoporous PBAs. Moreover the cadmium chemical shift, which is a measure of the hyperfine coupling, allows the estimation of the spin density on the cadmium nucleus, and consequently, the elucidation of the spin delocalisation mechanism in these compounds along with its dependency on structural parameters.
Tuning of the Electronic Properties of a Cyclopentadienylruthenium Catalyst to Match Racemization of Electron‐Rich and Electron‐Deficient Alcohols
Authors: Verho Oscar , Johnston Eric V. , Karlsson Erik , Bäckvall Jan‐E.
Published: September 2011

The synthesis of a new series of cyclopentadienylruthenium catalysts with varying electronic properties and their application in racemization of secondary alcohols are described. These racemizations involve two key steps: 1) β‐hydride elimination (dehydrogenation) and 2) re‐addition of the hydride to the intermediate ketone. The results obtained confirm our previous theory that the electronic properties of the substrate determine which of these two steps is rate determining. For an electron‐deficient alcohol the rate‐determining step is the β‐hydride elimination (dehydrogenation), whereas for an electron‐rich alcohol the re‐addition of the hydride becomes the rate‐determining step. By matching the electronic properties of the catalyst with the electronic properties of the alcohol, we have now shown that a dramatic increase in racemization rate can be obtained. For example, electron‐deficient alcohol 15 racemized 30 times faster with electron‐deficient catalyst 6 than with the unmodified standard catalyst 4. The application of these protocols will extend the scope of cyclopentadienylruthenium catalysts in racemization and dynamic kinetic resolution.
Noncovalent One‐to‐One Donor–Acceptor Assembled Systems Based on Porphyrin Molecular Gels for Unusually High Electron‐Transfer Efficiency
Authors: Jintoku Hirokuni , Sagawa Takashi , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka
Published: September 2011

A new approach for fabricating donor–acceptor assembled systems is demonstrated, based on J‐type ordered aggregation of a low‐molecular zinc porphyrin derivative and subsequent integration of a pyridylated fullerene derivative with coordination and orientation onto the porphyrin aggregates. This system achieves unusually high efficiencies in fluorescence quenching during one‐to‐one mixing of the donor and acceptor. Moreover, the Stern–Volmer constant (KSV) and association constant (K) of this system are 2520 and 56 times higher, respectively, than those of the corresponding nonassembled system. The quenching efficiency is thermotropically switchable, since ordered‐to‐disordered transitions are essential characteristics of noncovalent low molecular assemblies.
Metallopolymers Featuring Boratabenzene Iron Complexes
Authors: Pammer Frank , Lalancette Roger A. , Jäkle Frieder
Published: September 2011

Boratabenzene‐derived metallocene analogues are introduced as versatile new building blocks for metallopolymers. Bis(borinato)iron(II) complexes of the type Fe(C5H5BR)2 (R: CCH, CCSiMe3, 4‐(1‐benzyl‐1,2,3‐triazolyl) were synthesized and spectroscopically, structurally, and electrochemically characterized. Polymerization via Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling of the alkynyl‐substituted derivative Fe(C5H5BCCH)2 with 2,5‐bis(dodecyloxy)‐1,4‐diiodobenzene yields a film‐forming polymer in 50–69 % yield. Polymer batches were obtained with number‐average molecular weights (Mn) of 11.7 and 20.5 kDa and polydispersity indices (PDI) of 1.55 and 2.65, respectively, as determined by gel permeation chromatography relative to polystyrene standards. Click‐type polymerization of Fe(C5H5BCCH)2 through azide–alkyne cycloaddition with 1,4‐bis(4‐azidobutoxy)benzene gives the corresponding metallopolymer with an Mn of 5.7 kDa and a PDI of 2.29 in 87 % yield.
Biomolecule‐Assisted Route to Prepare Titania Mesoporous Hollow Structures
Authors: Ding Shangjun , Wang Yaoming , Hong Zhanglian , Lü Xujie , Wan Dongyun , Huang Fuqiang
Published: September 2011

Amino acids, as a particularly important type of biomolecules, have been used as multifunctional templates to intelligently construct mesoporous TiO2 hollow structures through a simple solvothermal reaction. The structure‐directing behaviors of various amino acids were systematically investigated, and it was found that these biomolecules possess the general capability to assist mesoporous TiO2 hollow‐sphere formation. At the same time, the nanostructures of the obtained TiO2 are highly dependent on the isoelectric points (pI) of amino acids. Their molecular‐structure variations can lead to pI differences and significantly influence the final TiO2 morphologies. Higher‐pI amino acids (e.g., L‐lysine and L‐arginine) have better structure‐directing abilities to generate nanosheet‐assembled hollow spheres and yolk/shell structures. The specific morphologies and mesopore size of these novel hollow structures can also be tuned by adjusting the titanium precursor concentration. Heat treatment in air and vacuum was further conducted to transform the as‐prepared structures to porous nanoparticle‐assembled hollow TiO2 and TiO2/carbon nanocomposites, which may be potentially applied in the fields of photocatalysts, dye‐sensitized solar cells, and Li batteries. This study provides some enlightenment on the design of novel templates by taking advantage of biomolecules.
The Nature of Unsupported Uranium–Ruthenium Bonds: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Gardner Benedict M. , Patel Dipti , Cornish Andrew D. , McMaster Jonathan , Lewis William , Blake Alexander J. , Liddle Stephen T.
Published: September 2011

Four new uranium–ruthenium complexes, [(TrenTMS)URu(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2] (9), [(TrenDMSB)URu(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2] (10), [(TsTolyl)(THF)URu(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2] (11), and [(TsXylyl)(THF)URu(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2] (12) [TrenTMS=N(CH2CH2NSiMe3)3; TrenDMSB=N(CH2CH2NSiMe2tBu)3]; TsTolyl=HC(SiMe2NC6H4‐4‐Me)3; TsXylyl=HC(SiMe2NC6H3‐3,5‐Me2)3], were prepared by a salt‐elimination strategy. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational analyses of9–12shows: i) the formation of unsupported uranium–ruthenium bonds with no isocarbonyl linkages in the solid state; ii) ruthenium–carbonyl backbonding in the [Ru(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2]−ions that is tempered by polarization of charge within the ruthenium fragments towards uranium; iii) closed‐shell uranium–ruthenium interactions that can be classified as predominantly ionic with little covalent character. Comparison of the calculated URu bond interaction energies (BIEs) of9–12with the BIE of [(η5‐C5H5)3URu(η5‐C5H5)(CO)2], for which an experimentally determined URu bond disruption enthalpy (BDE) has been reported, suggests BDEs of approximately 150 kJ mol−1for9–12.
ChemInform Abstract: The Non‐Centrosymmetric Crystal Structure of Molybdenum(VI) Oxide Bromide MoO2Br2.
Authors: Schustereit Tanja , Schleid Thomas , Hartenbach Ingo
Published: September 2011

Transparent, red, platelet‐shaped single crystals of MoO2Br2 are obtained as by‐products in the synthesis of LnBr[MoO4] (Ln: La, Gd) from mixtures of LaBr3 or GdBr3 and MoO3 (evacuated silica tubes, 820 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvated Electrons in High‐Temperature Melts and Glasses of the Room‐Temperature Stable Electride [Ca24Al28O64] 4+·4e‐.
Authors: Kim Sung Wng , Shimoyama Terumasa , Hosono Hideo
Published: September 2011

The formation of persistent solvated electrons in both a high‐temperature melt of the title electride and its glass is demonstrated by electrical conductivity measurements, XRD, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Suppression of Magnetic Order in Sr3Fe2O4Cl2 by Fe‐Site Substitution by Cobalt.
Authors: Dixon Edward , Hayward Michael A.
Published: September 2011

Sr3Fe2‐xCoxO4Cl2 (x = 0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1) phases, obtained by low temperature topotactic reduction of Sr3Fe2‐xCoxO5Cl2 with LiH, are characterized by powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Polyselenidoarsenate Salts of Transition Metal Complex Cations.
Authors: Jia Dingxian , Zhao Jing , Pan Yingli , Tang Weiwei , Wu Bing , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2011

Compounds (III) and (V) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 2, (VII) in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1, and (IX) in the monoclinic space group C2 with Z = 4.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium—Sulfur Supertetrahedral Polymers Integrated with [M(phen)3]2+ Cations (M: Ni and Fe).
Authors: Zhang Xu , Luo Wen , Zhang Ya‐Ping , Jiang Jian‐Bing , Zhu Qin‐Yu , Dai Jie
Published: September 2011

Compound (III) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with Z = 1 and compounds (V) and (VI) in the monoclinic space group C2/c with Z = 4.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Silica Beads Supported TEMPO and Adsorbed NOx (PSB‐TEMPO/NOx): An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalytic System for the Oxidation of Alcohols under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Di Lei , Hua Zhang
Published: September 2011

The catalyst can be recycled several times without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition of Vinylic Organocuprates Generated via Transmetalation of Phenylseleno‐Substituted Vinylzirconates: Functionalization at the 4‐Position of Enones.
Authors: Segi Masahito , Suzuki Masahiro , Shintaku Kazuki , Maeda Hajime
Published: September 2011

A simple and useful method for the functionalization at the 4‐position of enones is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselecitive Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐3‐hexanone.
Authors: Tian Hong‐Yu , Ye Hong‐Lin , Sun Bao‐Guo , Wang Ya‐Ling
Published: September 2011

The preparation of (R)‐ and (S)‐(II) via Shi′s asymmetric epoxidation yielding similar enantiotiomeric excesses but lower yields is also described.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl‐2‐(2‐chloroethyl)acrylate: A New Very Versatile α‐Cyclopropylester Cation Synthon. Efficient Synthesis of Cyclopropane Ester Derivatives by Michael Addition‐Induced Cyclization Reaction.
Authors: Lachia Mathilde , Iriart Sebastien , Baalouch Myriam , De Mesmaeker Alain , Beaudegnies Renaud
Published: September 2011

The use of title compound (I) as versatile α‐cyclopropylester cation synthon is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Switch via Subtle Ligand Modulation: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α,β‐Substituted Styrenes via C—H Bond Functionalization.
Authors: Flores‐Gaspar Areli , Martin Ruben
Published: September 2011

It is found that Pd‐catalyzed treatment of 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)propanals can lead to benzocyclobutenones and/or substituted styrenes depending on the phosphine ligand used.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Henry Reaction by a Chiral Cu(II) Complex: A Facile Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)‐2‐Nitro‐1‐arylethanols.
Authors: Reddy Basi V. Subba , Reddy Sankham Madhusudana , Manisha Swain , Madan Chinnala
Published: September 2011

Anhydrous Cu(OAc)2 is more effective than the monohydrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Bond Coupling of Steered Acetanilides and Aldehydes: A Facile Access to ortho‐Acylacetanilides.
Authors: Wu Yinuo , Li Baozhu , Mao Fei , Li Xingshu , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: September 2011

The reaction requires excess tBuOOH to assure high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation of Phthalaldehyde and Imines.
Authors: Sun Fang‐gang , Ye Song
Published: September 2011

The title reaction provides cis‐2‐amino‐3‐hydroxyindanones like (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of Azetidinimine Skeleton on C60.
Authors: Ueda Nobuaki , Nikawa Hidefumi , Takano Yuta , Ishitsuka Midori O. , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Akasaka Takeshi
Published: September 2011

Novel C60 derivatives (III) are synthesized without causing a drastic change of the electronic properties of the fullerene cage.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Mild Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2,5‐Dihydrofuran and Furan Derivatives via Stepwise Reaction.
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Liu Jia , Lv Zhiliang , Zhong Hanyu , Chen Huan , Niu Chunjuan , Li Ke
Published: September 2011

Copper‐catalyzed reaction of butynediol (II) with alkylidenemalonates (I) affords dihydrofuran (III) derivatives under mild reaction conditions (1,2 equivalents NaH, 30‐40°C).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Mannich‐Type (AVM) Reaction of Nonactivated α‐Angelica Lactone.
Authors: Zhou Lin , Lin Lili , Ji Jie , Xie Mingsheng , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2011

The chiral products (III) and (V) bearing adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereocenters are formed with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Mercaptobenzothiazoles via DBU‐Promoted Tandem Reaction of o‐Haloanilines and Carbon Disulfide.
Authors: Wang Fei , Cai Shangjun , Wang Zhipeng , Xi Chanjuan
Published: September 2011

The reaction proceeds equally well for the ortho‐bromo‐ and ortho‐iodoanilines.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Lewis Base Assisted Broensted Acid (LBBA) Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyclization of 2‐Geranylphenols.
Authors: Sakakura Akira , Sakuma Masayuki , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: September 2011

The trans‐isomers are formed with high stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium tert‐Butoxide Promoted Intramolecular Arylation via a Radical Pathway.
Authors: Roman Daniela Sustac , Takahashi Yoko , Charette Andre B.
Published: September 2011

The reaction of the ortho‐iodo arenes with amines, amide, ethers and benzyl moieties in the absence of any metal catalyst provides phenanthridine, benzochromene and phenanthrene products with good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: First Construction of 12H‐Thiochromeno[2,3‐b]quinolines and 5H‐Benzo[7,8]thiocino‐[2,3‐b]quinolines via Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Zhong Weihui , Ma Wang , Liu Yanbin
Published: September 2011

Acid‐mediated intramolecular Friedel—Crafts reaction of MBH adducts (III) and (VI) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Property of Pyrrolopyrano Quinolinones and Pyrroloquinolines.
Authors: Jayagobi Mathesan , Raghunathan Ragavachary , Sainath Shilpakala , Raghunathan Malathi
Published: September 2011

The title compounds (III), (IV), and (VI) are evaluated for their antibacterial activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N‐Substituted Benzo[c]phenanthrolines and Benzo[c]phenanthrolinones as Antiproliferative Agents.
Authors: Genes Constance , Lenglet Gaelle , Depauw Sabine , Nhili Raja , Prado Soizic , David‐Cordonier Marie‐Helene , Michel Sylvie , Tillequin Francois , Poree Francois‐Hugues
Published: September 2011

The biological activity of compounds (III) and (VI) is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐quinolones. Part 194. 1‐Hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐6,7‐dihydro‐3H,5H‐pyrido [3,2,1‐ij]quinoline‐2‐carboxylic Acid Alkylamides. Synthesis, Structure and Biological Properties.
Authors: Ukrainets I. V. , Golik N. Yu. , Andreeva K. V. , Gorokhova O. V.
Published: September 2011

Title compounds (V) (17 examples) are prepared starting from tetrahydroquinoline (I) by modified methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,2‐Dimethyl‐1,2‐dihydrobenzo[f]isoquinolines Displaying Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Surikova O. V. , Zachinyaeva A. V. , Mikhailovskii A. G. , Zachinyaev Ya. V.
Published: September 2011

Title compounds are synthesized starting from azomethine (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel Dicationic Sulfonophanes.
Authors: Rajakumar Perumal , Satheeshkumar Chinnadurai , Mohanraj Gunasekaran , Mathivanan Narayanasamy
Published: September 2011

Sulfonophanes (V) incorporating various spacer units and imidazole as a building unit are prepared via an N‐alkylation route by capping the precyclophane (III) with suitable dibromides such as (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Peri‐Substituted Boron/Pnictogen Naphthalene Derivatives.
Authors: Wade Casey R. , Saber Mohamed R. , Gabbai Francois P.
Published: September 2011

The reaction of heavy group 15 electrophiles (II) with the compound (I) presents the first example to afford the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Acyl Phosphonates with Organoaluminum Reagents: A New Method for the Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary α‐Hydroxy Phosphonates.
Authors: Seven Ozlem , Polat‐Cakir Sidika , Hossain Md. Shakhawoat , Emrullahoglu Mustafa , Demir Ayhan S.
Published: September 2011

Trimethylaluminum (II) and triethynylaluminum (VIII) add towards acylphosphonates (I) and (VII) at 0 °C to give the corresponding tertiary alcohols (III) and (IX), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: New Potent Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Tetracyclic Triterpene Series with Inhibitory Potency on Amyloid β Aggregation.
Authors: Rouleau Julien , Iorga Bogdan I. , Guillou Catherine
Published: September 2011

Various compounds, e.g. (V), are synthesized from the starting compound (I) and tested in vitro for their inhibition of cholinesterases and for the ability to prevent acetylcholinesterase(AChE)‐induced amyloid β aggregation.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Mediated Defluorinative Allylic Alkylation of Difluorohomoallyl Alcohol Derivatives Directed to an Efficient Synthetic Method for (Z)‐Fluoroalkene Dipeptide Isosteres.
Authors: Watanbe Daisuke , Koura Minoru , Saito Akio , Yanai Hikaru , Nakamura Yuko , Okada Midori , Sato Azusa , Taguchi Takeo
Published: September 2011

Copper‐mediated defluorinative allylic alkylation of difluorohomoallyl alcohol derivatives of type (III) or (IV) is used as key step for the synthesis of (Z)‐fluoroalkene dipeptide isosters, e.g. (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Mannosidation of Bioactive Chlorogentisyl Alcohol (I) by the Marine‐Derived Fungus Chrysosporium synchronum.
Authors: Yun Keumja , Kondempudi Chinni Mahesh , Choi Hong Dae , Kang Jung Sook , Son Byeng Wha
Published: September 2011

Compounds (I) and its mannoside (II) exhibit significant readical‐scavenging activity against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH).
ChemInform Abstract: Colloidal Synthesis of Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: Son Jae Sung , Yu Jung Ho , Kwon Soon Gu , Lee Jihwa , Joo Jin , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: September 2011

Review: emphasis on CdSe; 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cadmium and Tin Complexes of Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Kishore D. , Kumar Dinesh
Published: September 2011

Review: 237 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Carbonyl Complexes. Synthesis and Catalytic Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Dutta Dipak Kumar
Published: September 2011

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Asymmetric Catalysis in the Presence of Chiral Gold Complexes
Authors: Pradal Alexandre , Toullec Patrick Y. , Michelet Veronique
Published: September 2011

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Hammerhead Ribozymes: Engineering and Applications
Authors: Vorobjeva M. A. , Davydova A. S. , Venyaminova A. G.
Published: September 2011

Review: 217 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Many Faces of the Adamantyl Group in Drug Design
Authors: Liu Joe , Obando Daniel , Liao Vivian , Lifa Tulip , Codd Rachel
Published: September 2011

Review: 180 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Samarium Diiodide Induced Ketyl‐(het)arene Cyclizations Towards Novel N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Beemelmanns Christine , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: September 2011

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines Based on Pyrroles
Authors: Kalinin A. A. , Mamedov V. A.
Published: September 2011

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Oxidation
Authors: Sequeira C. A. C.
Published: September 2011

Review: 230 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transfer Catalysis in Phosphorus Chemistry
Authors: Ilia Gheorghe , Macarie Lavinia , Balint Erika , Keglevich Gyorgy
Published: September 2011

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐benzodioxins and Bioisosteres as Structural Motifs for Biologically Active Compounds
Authors: Cruz‐Lopez Olga , Nunez Maria C. , Conejo‐Garcia Ana , Kimatrai Maria , Campos Joaquin M.
Published: September 2011

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Nanospaces with Molecular Devices
Authors: Durola Fabien , Dube Henry , Ajami Dariush , Rebek, Julius Jr.
Published: September 2011

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unlocked Nucleic Acid — An RNA Modification with Broad Potential
Authors: Pasternak Anna , Wengel Jesper
Published: September 2011

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lessons about Protein Stability from in vitro Selections
Authors: Schmid Franz‐Xaver
Published: September 2011

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triggered Release from Polymer Capsules
Authors: Esser‐Kahn Aaron P. , Odom Susan A. , Sottos Nancy R. , White Scott R. , Moore Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2011

Review: 163 refs.
Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Implemented as Continuous Process in CSTR and PFR at Elevated Reaction Conditions
Authors: Koch Sara C. , Busch Markus
Published: September 2011

The reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is a very versatile type of polymerization to produce (co)polymers of well‐defined structure. However, in most cases this process has not exceeded the status of laboratory scale. Besides the major interest in developing well‐defined polymer structures in the first row, the relative low speed of polymerization may be another argument. Elevated temperature and pressure may be an option to increase the rate of polymerization to a significant level. The presented work will test for this and inspect the potential of implementing this type of polymerization into a continuous process. On a micro‐plant scale, this might be attractive to generate reasonable quantities of well‐defined (co)polymers showing low polydispersity indices.
Comparison of the impact of flow pulsations on the performance of various liquid–gas injectors in a gas–solid fluidised bed
Authors: Sabouni Rana , Berruti Franco , Briens Cedric
Published: September 2011

This article shows that spray nozzles pulsations can greatly improve the distribution of the sprayed liquid on fluidised bed particles, as characterised by a Nozzle Performance Index (NPI). Appropriate pulsations increased the NPI by nearly 100% under several operating conditions. This article compares four pulsating, gas atomised nozzles under various operating conditions. The performance of each nozzle was evaluated by measuring the electric conductance of a bed of silica sand particles fluidised by air, subsequent to liquid injection. Three sets of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the performance of the four gas atomised nozzles. The first set determined the effect of the liquid flowrate, the second set measured the effect of a restriction orifice on the atomisation gas line and the third set studied the effect of the atomisation air to liquid ratio. Artificial nozzle spray pulsations were found to have similar beneficial effects with the different types of gas‐atomised nozzles. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Successive linearisation analysis of unsteady heat and mass transfer from a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium with suction/injection and thermal radiation effects
Authors: Motsa S. S , Shateyi S.
Published: September 2011

In this study, we investigate the application of the new successive linearisation method (SLM) to the problem of unsteady heat and mass transfer from a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium with suction/injection and thermal radiation effects. The governing nonlinear momentum, energy and mass transfer equations are successfully solved numerically using the SLM approach coupled with the spectral collocation method for iteratively solving the governing linearised equations. Comparison of the SLM results for various flow parameters against numerical results and other published results, obtained using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and Runge–Kutta methods, for related problems indicates that the SLM is a very powerful tool which is much more accurate and efficient than other methods. The SLM converges much faster than the traditional methods like the HAM and is very easy to implement. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering