bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A implantação das dcnerer nas escolas públicas
Authors: Marques Eugenia Portela de Siqueira , Gonçalves Michelly dos Santos
Published: December 2019

A Lei nº 10.693/2003 tornou obrigatório o ensino da História e Cultura Africana e Afro-Brasileira no currículo escolar e provocou um deslocamento epistêmico para o currículo e a prática pedagógica. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar resultados de pesquisa realizada em uma escola estadual de Campo Grande – MS que desenvolve projetos interculturais voltados para a implantação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-raciais. Por meio de entrevista e questionário, os resultados apontaram que existe um movimento afirmativo na escola que possibilita práticas pedagógicas interculturais de valorização da História e Cultura Afro-brasileira e Africana.
Staging tourism: Performing place
Authors: Boyd Nina , Smitheram Jan
Published: December 2019

This project examines the relationship between architecture and the tourist experience. In architecture, an understanding of the active tourist body is underdeveloped as visuality is often positioned as the dominant mode of analysing tourism. This project mobilizes the tourist by recognising a paradigmatic shift from the”‘gaze” towards “performance”, which privileges the multisensuous experiences of the tourist engaged with architecture. The project investigates how architecture can stage and amplify the performances of tourists in order to produce place, en route. To test this enquiry, a “design through research” methodology is employed where the design proposition is developed through iterative design experiments. The design proposition is explored across three increasing scales, progressing the research through stages of development and refinement. The first experiment engages with the human scale through a 1:1 installation. The next experiment amplifies the practices of performing tourism through the design of a hotel. In the final experiment, the design of an artificial island stages the public performances of tourists.
Colophon
Authors: Editor Issue
Published: December 2019

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The Reception of Spain in Australia through Translation: a Linguistic, Cultural and Audiovisual Overview
Authors: Enríquez-Aranda Mercedes
Published: December 2019

The geographical distance between Spain and Australia is not an obstacle to a historical relationship that is developing at linguistic, cultural and audiovisual levels in Australia. This work presents a study of the position of the Spanish language and culture in the Australian social panorama and reflects on the audiovisual media as the main means of conveying this foreign culture and language. From the identification of the elements that participate in the process of translation of the Spanish audiovisual products in Australia, significant conclusions are derived related to the effect that the translation of these audiovisual products can have on the creation of a Spanish cultural image in Australia.
Organización temática de terminología jurídica para traductores: proceso de elaboración de una ontología del proceso penal en español-rumano-inglés
Authors: Vitalaru Bianca
Published: December 2019

Esta investigación surge como respuesta a una necesidad detectada tanto en la práctica profesional en el campo de la traducción jurídica como en el mismo proceso de formación: la falta de materiales jurídicos bilingües para traductores e intérpretes profesionales en la combinación de lenguas español-rumano. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es describir el proceso de elaboración de una herramienta de organización temática del conocimiento, una ontología de terminología jurídica trilingüe (español-rumano-inglés) para traductores, como respuesta práctica a esta situación. La herramienta diseñada se propone como modelo para ser ampliado y adaptado y es parte de un proceso de investigación más amplio que incluye una comparación de sistemas jurídicos, de géneros textuales, lenguajes y terminología específica de los tres países implicados (España, Rumanía y Reino Unido). Incluye, principalmente, términos relacionados con el proceso penal, así como una clasificación de delitos, todos ellos organizados temáticamente y basados en las relaciones conceptuales que existen entre los conceptos en los que se sustentan.
Easy to Read as Multimode Accessibility Service
Authors: Bernabé Caro Rocío , Orero Pilar
Published: December 2019

Media accessibility is becoming mainstream. While it cannot compete for popularity with the two original fields –architecture and design accessibility– it is slowly gaining acknowledgment. Subtitling was and still is the most popular media access service. In recent years, more services have been joining the alternative possibilities to access information. New technologies have also increased the number of services, and Easy to Read is proposed in this article as a new candidate to join the list of services. This article will start by describing Easy to Read, and understand its approach as: a translation modality, a linguistic variation or as a service. The second part of the article presents many accessibility services and Easy to Read features. In the third part, new hybrid services are proposed. These are the result of adding to existing access services a layer of Easy to Read creating a higher degree of accessibility. Any accessibility service aiming to facilitate comprehension will improve and optimize its function by leaning on Easy to Read. The article finishes offering many examples to secure a rapid uptake of the service across the different accessibility fields, from design to web accessibility or transport.
LuXMeL: hacia la interoperabilidad Redalyc/AmeliCA-Scielo
Authors: Correa Lucía , Chiarullo Francisco
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se presenta una herramienta de trabajo que permite la automatización de las tareas necesarias para la conversión de un XML-JATS, producto de la herramienta de marcado de RedALyC y AmeliCA, al formato de XML-JATS utilizado por SciELO Argentina para la ingesta de revistas a su plataforma.
Elaboration of triplex PCR for detection of selected viral infections in waterfowl
Authors: Kozdruń Wojciech , Czekaj Hanna , Styś-Fijoł Natalia , Piekarska Karolina , Samanta Niczyporuk Jowita
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Viral infections are the greatest threat to waterfowl and cause significant economic losses. Diagnosis and differentiation of three goose viruses is difficult in the field and often requires laboratory confirmation. Therefore, the aim of the study was to develop a triplex PCR and optimise its parameters for simultaneous detection of DNA of goose parvovirus (GPV), goose polyomavirus (GHPV), and goose circovirus (GoCV).

Material and Methods

The DNA of viruses isolated from field cases from the National Veterinary Research Institute’s own collection was used for the study. The primer attachment temperature, the number of reaction cycles, and the Taq DNA polymerase and Mg2+ concentrations were optimised. The sensitivity and specificity of this triplex PCR was also determined.

Results

Based on the obtained results, triplex PCR parameters were optimised for simultaneous detection of DNA of GPV, GHPV, and GoCV in one sample. The following PCR products of the expected size were obtained: GPV DNA of 806 bp, GoCV DNA of 571 bp, and GHPV DNA of 180 bp.

Conclusion

The developed triplex PCR method proved to be useful for simultaneous detection of infections with three waterfowl viruses and will be used in relevant laboratory diagnostics.
Numerical simulation in pipes with leakages
Authors: Georgantopoulou C , Khalifa E , Vasilikos N , Georgantopoulos G , Abdelrhman A , Ahmad I
Published: December 2019

Petroleum and marine technology applications and infrastructures consist of extended pipelines’ networks in order to accommodate fluid transfer needs. The pipelines’ leaks may occur and lead to high energy and working fluid losses, while most of the times these are related to environmental hazards. Additionally, corrosion problems are reported due to this un-desirable flow rate loss. In this paper the rheological behavior of the crude oil flow inside pipes with one or two leakages is numerically analyzed, studied and solved. Un-uniform and adaptive grids to the location of the leakages are generated in order to cover the specific requirements of the pipe domain, while finite volume methodology is followed for the discretization of the flow equations. The type of the oil has been received to be the Arabian light one, while an approach is developed for its properties. The boundary conditions are the corresponded flow rate – pressure flow conditions for all the exits of the pipe due to the better control of the algorithm that they usually provide. Various test cases have been developed for different Reynolds number values, providing robust and accurate results concerning the velocity and pressure distribution. It seems that high pressure variation is depicted near the location of the leaks, and in this way a clear indication is occur for such phenomenon.
Allelic polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene in major depression patients*
Authors: Escobar Carlos H , Calderón Orge Hernán , Moreno Germán Alberto
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Major depression (MD), like other mood disorders, is considered a worldwide endemic pathology, becoming one of the biggest public health problems. The hereditary factors of mood disorders have been studied for many years and different chromosomal regions and genes have been involved in this physiopathological process. Objective: To establish the association between allelic variants of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR and VNTR) and MD in a population with this diagnostic in the department of Caldas, Colombia. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted with individuals older than 16 years of age born in the department of Caldas. The sample was composed of 59 patients with the MD with family antecedents of the pathology and 59 controls paired by precedence, age, and gender. For the cases and controls selection the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) was used. Using the Hranilovic et al. protocol, the polymorphic regions in the promoter and third intron of the Serotonin Transporter gene was amplified. Results: It was not possible to find association between MD and the genetic or clinical variables. The absence of the short allele of the promoter could act as a protective factor (OR=0.70 CI 95%=0.313 to 1.604), for the development of the pathology in this population, and the presence of at least one copy of the 10 repetition alleles of the third intron could act as a risk factor (OR: 1.25), but the wide confidence interval (CI 95%=0.38 to 2.64) does not permit supporting these conclusions. Discussion: The results obtained in this population do not yield conclusive information related with the etiopathogeny of MD, but do not contradict those obtained in other studies with bigger samples than ours. The broad confidence interval does not support conclusions about the role as a risk factor for the 10 repetition alleles of the intron or the absence of the S allele of the promoter as a protector factor. Further studies with larger population samples may help to clarify these facts.
Lipid profile in a group of patients with Turner’s syndrome at Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana in the Medellín city between 2000 and 2009*
Authors: Valencia Eduar , Serna Lina María , Medina Carlos Mauricio , Arango Álvaro
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Turner syndrome patients can present lipid profile alterations, which associated with obesity, frequent in these patients, causes increased cardiovascular risk, lowering their life expectancy. This research evaluates lipid profiles of patients with Turner syndrome between 2000 and 2009 and these are associated to the karyotype and other risk factors for coronary disease. Objective: To describe the lipid profile and other cardiovascular risk factors in a group of girls with Turner syndrome. Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study, which evaluated the clinical records of 21 girls with Turner syndrome. We sought metabolic risk factors for coronary disease such as lipid profile, weight, body mass index, and blood pressure. Results: Age at time of diagnostics ranged between 8 months to 17 years, four patients were below 10 years of age and 17 patients were over 11 years of age. The karyotype revealed: 57.3% with 45x monosomy, 33% with 46xx-45x mosaicism, and 9.5% with 46x-qx mosaicism. None of the patients was obese; the total cholesterol levels ranged from 116 mg/dl to 225 mg/dl with a mean of 168.7. When these patients were grouped by age, we found that 25% of those younger than 10 years of age had high levels of cholesterol vs. 58.8% for those over 10 years of age. Regarding the karyotype of the six patients with 46xx-45x karyotype, five (71.4%) presented hypercholesterolemia; 95.2% of the patients were normotensive. Discussion: This research revealed Turner syndrome patients present lipid profile alterations at early ages. Conclusion: It is important to include in the follow up protocol in these patients the lipid profile control and, thus, be able to conduct early interventions to improve their quality of life.
Bioavalaibility and pharmacokinetic comparison of two formulations of metformin 850 mg tablets in healthy Colombian volunteers
Authors: Holguín Gloria , Cuesta Fanny , Archbold Rosendo , Restrepo Margarita , Parra Sergio , Peña Lina , Montoya Blanca , Ríos Juan Carlos , Toro Victoria Eugenia , Ruiz Adriana
Published: December 2019

urpose: The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of two formulations of metformin 850 mg tablets: Glucophage® from Merck Santè laboratories (reference product) and Metformin from Winthrop Pharmaceuticals de Colombia SA (test product) in healthy Colombian volunteers. Methods: A random, double blind, two-period, two-week wash out period, crossover study was performed in 24 healthy male and female volunteers for a single 850-mg dose of metformin tablets administrated with 240 ml of water after 12 hours of fasting. Once the drug was administrated, blood samples were collected before and within 24 hour, and plasma metformin concentration was determined by using a validated HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, AUC0-96h, AUC0-∞, and Tmax were determined. The formulations were considered bioequivalent if the logarithmic mean ratios of ln-transformed Cmax and AUC0-∞ values were within the equivalence range of 80%-125%. Results: ANOVA analysis of the ln-transformed Cmax and AUC0-∞ indicated that none of the effects examined (formulation, period, within and between-subjet variances and carry over) was statistically significant. The mean (±SD) of Cmax 1217.38 (± 251.72) ng/ml vs. 1305.25 (± 301.06) ng/ml, AUC0-96h 1363.49 (± 315.51) ng.h/ml vs. 1584.82 (± 368.75) ng.h/ml, AUC0-∞, 7155.75 (± 1440.74) ng.h/ml vs. 7777.08 (± 1896.49) ng.h/ml, and Tmax 2.57 (± 0.93) h vs. 2.22 (± 0.94) h were obtained with test and reference formulations, respectively. These pharmacokinetic parameters presented differences with the results from other published papers. The 90% confidence interval of the logarithmic ratio of AUC0-∞ and Cmax was within the range of 80-125%. Conclusions: In this study in healthy Colombian volunteers, a single 850-mg dose of metformin tablet test formulation met the criteria for bioequivalence to the reference formulation based on pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0-∞ and Cmax.
Characterization of patients with pre-diabetes in first-level health care service institutions Cali, Colombia
Authors: Figueroa Fabio N , Morales Jessica , Melgarejo Aralí , Forero Jousetp , Motoa Gabriel , León Jaime A , Londoño Andrés . C , Salazar Blanca C
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (DM 2) is one of the first ten causes of mortality in Colombia. Pre-diabetes is a state of hyperglycemia that associated with other risk factors appears 5-10 years before this disease. It has been reported that controlling the diet and exercise decreases the probability of suffering DM 2 by 60%. This intervention requires establishing the risk in pre-diabetic patients. Objectives: To detect patients with pre-diabetes who are members of a private health care provider (EPS for its name in Spanish) in Cali and to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to the risk of developing DM 2. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study in patients with altered glucemias (Impaired fasting glucose: 100-125 mg/dl and impaired glucose tolerance: 140-199 mg/dl). Clinical histories were reviewed and surveys on risk factors, habits and perception of knowledge were conducted. We determined: fasting glucose, vital signs, and anthropometric measures. Results: 111 patients were included (64% women) whose most common occupation was home duties (39.6%). The descriptive analysis reported high risk; the results were: noticeable presence of associate pathological antecedents as follows: Diabetes in the family (64%), obesity (54.1%), dyslipidemia (72.1%), and hypertension (66.7%) in a population with a mean age at 51 years and 10.8% were under 40 years of age. This great proportion of overweight or obesity (86.5%), according to BMI, influenced the determination of the high cardio-metabolic risk (81%, agreeing with the WHO). When evaluating diet with consumption frequency, we still found the intake of simple carbohydrates and animal fats; when reviewing physical activity,  53.2% of the patients reported activity in the last 7 days according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Conclusions: 66% of pre-diabetics did not have diagnosis of some disorder of the metabolism of carbohydrates. More than 70% of the patients have high risk of DM 2 with pathological antecedents, inadequate health habits, and low perception of disease complications.
Osteoporosis in childhood: related factors and prevention
Authors: González-Jiménez Emilio , Álvarez-Ferre Judit
Published: December 2019

Osteoporosis is defined as a reduction in bone mass. This loss is more important in states of malnutrition, physical inactivity, and with a poor dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium. Bone mineralization depends on both genetic and nutritional factors, as well as endocrine, metabolic, and mechanical factors. Several studies in children have shown that the development of osteoporosis in adulthood may be influenced by the nutritional status during childhood, especially with regard to the contributions of calcium and vitamin D. However, currently there are many questions regarding its pathogenesis and diagnosis and its treatment, some of which are reviewed in this paper. The aim of this work has been to provide an update on the main factors associated with the development of osteoporosis and its prevention in infancy.
Epidemiology of nosocomial bacteria resistant to antimicrobials
Authors: Cabrera Cristina E , Gómez Romel F , Zuñiga Andrés E , Corral Raúl H , López Bertha , Chávez Mónica
Published: December 2019

Nosocomial infections are a major challenge for public health because of the high rates of morbidity and mortality generated. It was considered that the excessive or inappropriate use of antibiotics triggers the emergence of resistant strains. Among the clinically important bacteria that most commonly cause nososcomial infections, Gram positive multiresistant pathogens stand out such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp (VRE), and the Gram negative strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter baumannii producing expanded spectrum b-lactamases (ESbL). This review describes the behavior of the main bacterial pathogens resistant to antibiotics that cause infections in Europe, United States, and Latin America, emphasizing studies of molecular epidemiology on a global scale, including the major epidemiological studies in Colombia. The genetic structure of S. aureus and Enterococcus spp strains shows a clonal characteristic favored by the predominance of a small number of clones with the capacity to spread globally, due probably to cross-infection. However, the introduction of MRSA strains from the community encourages genetic diversity, tending to establish a genetic polyclonal endemic structure in places like the United States. In Gram negative bacteria, the high genetic diversity among isolates, mainly in Latin American countries, indicates that the polyclonal spread is influenced by horizontal transfer of plasmids, by excessive exposure to antibiotics, and prolonged hospital stays. In Colombia, there is information on nosocomial resistant pathogens, but molecular epidemiological information is still scarce.
Differential activation of Fas (CD95) mediated apoptosis by apple procyanidins in human colon cancer cells SW480 and their derived metastatic cells SW620
Authors: Maldonado-Celis María Elena , Bousserouel Souad , Gossé Francine , Lobstein Annelise , Raul Francis
Published: December 2019

Introduction: We investigated the effects of apple procyanidins (Pcy), oligomers of catechins and epicatechins on Fas receptor expression and function in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (SW480) and in their derived metastatic cells (SW620). Methods: Pcy were characterized by reverse-phase HPLC. Cell death, Fas proteins, DNA fragmentation, and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow cytometry. Fas mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR in real time. Results: Pcy up-regulated the expression of the Fas receptor at the cell surface of both cell lines but activated Fas gene transcription only in SW620 cells. In SW480 cells, Pcy combined with Fas agonist CH-11 enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis involving the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation, which were abrogated by the antagonist antibody of Fas receptor, the anti-Fas ZB4. On the contrary, in SW620 cells, CH-11 was not able to enhance Pcy-triggered apoptosis indicating that Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis was not activated in these cells despite an up-regulation of Fas receptor gene expression. However, it was observed in SW620 cells that Pcy activated the Fas receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway after a specific blockage of TRAIL-death DR4/DR5 receptors. Conclusions: The present data showed that Pcy were able to activate the Fas receptor apoptotic pathway in SW480 cells and favored a cross-talk between TRAIL and Fas receptors in SW620 cells because specific blocking of TRAIL death receptors favored activation of the Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis. These important data may allow the emergence of new therapeutic protocols targeting death receptors against resistant metastatic cells.
Bordetella pertussis infection in household contacts of cases of pertussis in the southeast zone of the city of Cali, Colombia, 2006-2007
Authors: Astudillo Miryam , Estrada Victoria Eugenia , Fernández de Soto Mónica , Moreno Luz Ángela
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough or convulsive cough, a contagious and immune-preventable disease.  It is one of the 10 leading causes of death among children younger than one year of age, when not completely immunized. It is considered reemerging in several countries, with high rates of complications and hospitalizations. Objective: to learn of the proportion of infection by B. pertussis among suspected cases of whooping cough and their household contacts among children from the southeast zone of Cali, a geographic area with great consultation demand due to this infection. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal samples were taken from 24 suspected cases and from their 109 household contacts. The samples were analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and through culture. Results: The proportion of positivity among the cases via the Q-PCR technique was at 50% (12/24) and at 40% via the culture technique (8/20), with good agreement between both techniques (Kappa 0.61). Regarding the household contacts, 30.3% (33/109) (CI 95%: 21.8%-39.8%) tested positive. The sibling contacts (7/15) and the mothers (7/22) presented the greatest proportion of positivity. Regarding age, 60% were 4 years of age (3/5) and 50% were in the group comprised of individuals 45 to 64 years of age. No significant differences were found among the presence or absence of symptoms and the presence of B. pertussis infection, except for the presence of nasal secretions (runny nose) (27%) and coughing (36%) during the last month. Conclusions: The study confirms the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection by B. pertussis among household contacts of children with whooping cough symptomatology and its household transmission. In Cali, health authorities need to review the effectiveness of implemented control strategies and the use of a vaccination scheme that does not cover adolescent and adult populations as a focus of infection control.
Iatrogenic bladder injury: A single institution’s ten-year experience in treatment and outcome 1999-2009, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Ho Christopher CK , Alexander Hans , Singam Praveen , Cheok Lee Boon , Zainuddin Zulkifli MD
Published: December 2019

Introduction: This case series is a retrospective review of iatrogenic bladder injuries treated at our institution Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Medical Centre, over a ten-year period, from 1999 to 2009. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of the operating theater database yielded the names and registration numbers of patients who underwent operative repair of bladder injuries. Patients who sustained bladder injuries due to non-surgical reasons (such as traumatic bladder injuries due to pelvic fractures, blunt trauma or penetrating injuries to the pelvis) were excluded. Results: There were 12 cases of iatrogenic bladder injury treated during this time. A total of eight injuries occurred during gynaecological surgery. Five injuries occurred during lower segment caesarean section, two injuries during total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy, and a single injury during Burch colposuspension. Four out of the five injuries during caesarian section had a history of previous caesarian section. Of the four remaining non-gynaecological related injuries, two injuries occurred during hernioplasty, one during exploration of an enterocutaneous fistula and the other was during laparoscopic appendicectomy. Conclusion: Iatrogenic bladder injury should be anticipated in patients undergoing caesarean section who have had multiple previous caesarean sections. Iatrogenic injuries should be identified intra-operatively to enable early repair and the best outcome. These injuries were adequately assessed by ascending cystography. Continuous repair with absorbable sutures together with perivesicle drainage and bladder catheterization produces good outcome.
Report of a patient with acne conglobata and perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens
Authors: Cárdenas Mónica Lorena , López Francisco
Published: December 2019

Perifoliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens, dissecting folliculitis, dissecting cellulitis, or Hoffman disease is a rare, inflammatory and chronic condition, which affects the scalp of young black men, mainly characterized by the appearance of nodules and abscesses that drain purulent material with fistulas and pathways, leading ultimately to scarring alopecia. At present, this condition is defined as a primary disorder of follicular keratinization, being part of the triad or tetrad of follicular occlusion. One third of the cases are associated with acne conglobata as a primary event. Management, frustrating for many years, is promising with the successful use of isotretinoin and a combination of medications that intervene each of its physiopathological principles.
HPV infection and carcinogenesis in the upper aero-digestive tract
Authors: Castillo Andrés
Published: December 2019

Recently, molecular and epidemiological studies have shown an etiologic role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in a subset of upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) cancers in women and men. Oral HPV infections acquired through oral sex seems to be the main risk factor for HPV-associated oral cancers. The high-risk type HPV-16 was the most prevalent infection HPV-positive in most oral cancers. Therefore, the prophylactic vaccine against HPV-16 could prevent HPV associated oral cancer if the vaccine were demonstrated to be capable of preventing oral HPV-16 infection. Thus, these findings have created new potential opportunities for the primary prevention of oral cancers.
Epidemiological analysis of 1404 patients with intracranial aneurysm followed in a single Brazilian institution
Authors: Júnior Jefferson Rosi , Telles João Paulo Mota , da Silva Saul Almeida , Iglesio Ricardo Ferrareto , Brigido Mauricio Mandel , Pereira Caldas José Guilherme Mendes , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha
Published: December 2019

Background:

We sought to evaluate the epidemiology of intracranial aneurysms in relation to location, gender, age, presence of multiple aneurysms, and comorbidities in the Brazilian population.

Methods:

We performed a prospective analysis of a cohort of 1404 patients diagnosed with intracranial aneurysm admitted to the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, a referral hospital for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases in Brazil. Patients admitted between September 2009 and September 2018 with radiological diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm were included in the study.

Results:

A total of 2251 aneurysms were diagnosed. Females accounted for 1090 aneurysms (77.6%) and the mean age at diagnosis was 54.9 years (ranging 15–88). The most common location was middle cerebral artery (MCA) with 593 aneurysms (26.3%) followed by anterior cerebral artery (ACA) with 417 aneurysms (18.5%) and internal carotid artery in the posterior communicating segment with 405 aneurysms (18.0%). Males had higher rates of ACA aneurysms (29.7%) while females had higher rates of MCA aneurysms (26.1%). Sorting by size, 492 aneurysms were <5 mm (21.8%), 1524 measured 5–10 mm (67.7%), 119 size 11–24 mm (5.3%), and 116 were >24 mm (5.2%). The occurrence of multiple aneurysms was associated with female gender (P < 0.001) and smoking (P < 0.001), but not with hypertension (P = 0.121).

Conclusion:

In this population, the occurrence of intracranial aneurysm is related to several factors, including gender, age, smoking, and hypertension. Our study brought to light important characteristics of a large number of Brazilian patients regarding epidemiology, location, size, and multiplicity of intracranial aneurysms.
Hybrid nerve sheath tumor in the orbit: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Hong Sukwoo , Hara Takayuki
Published: December 2019

Background:

In neurosurgical practice, we rarely encounter hybrid nerve sheath tumors (HNST) in the orbit. We recently had a patient of this rare tumor. We believe that this is the first report where we resected the tumor transcranially.

Case Description:

A 54-year-old male presented with the left proptosis and intraconal tumor of 43 mm. We performed fronto-orbital craniotomy to resect the tumor mass. His proptosis completely improved and discharged home with a modified Rankin Scale of 1.

Conclusion:

Transcranial resection of orbital HNST was a safe and effective way to treat. Since we do not have much data regarding this rare tumor, we need to accumulate more cases.
Automation of Active Space Selection for Multireference Methods via Machine Learning on Chemical Bond Dissociation
Authors: Jeong WooSeok , Stoneburner Samuel J. , King Daniel , Li Ruye , Walker Andrew , Lindh Roland , Gagliardi Laura
Published: December 2019

Predicting and understanding the chemical bond is one of the major challenges of computational quantum chemistry. Kohn−Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) is the most common method, but approximate density functionals may not be able to describe systems where multiple electronic configurations are equally important. Multiconfigurational wave functions, on the other hand, can provide a detailed understanding of the electronic structure and chemical bond of such systems. In the complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method one performs a full configuration interaction calculation in an active space consisting of active electrons and active orbitals. However, CASSCF and its variants require the selection of these active spaces. This choice is not black-box; it requires significant experience and testing by the user, and thus active space methods are not considered particularly user-friendly and are employed only by a minority of quantum chemists. Our goal is to popularize these methods by making it easier to make good active space choices. We present a machine learning protocol that performs an automated selection of active spaces for chemical bond dissociation calculations of main group diatomic molecules. The protocol shows high prediction performance for a given target system as long as a properly correlated system is chosen for training. Good active spaces are correctly predicted with a considerably better success rate than random guess (larger than 80% precision for most systems studied). Our automated machine learning protocol shows that a “black-box” mode is possible for facilitating and accelerating the large-scale calculations on multireference systems where single-reference methods such as KS-DFT cannot be applied.
A 3D-printed Microfluidic System for Automated and Near Real-time Quantitation of Biofilm-induced indole
Authors: Kabandana Giraso , Jones Curtis G. , Sharifi Sahra Khan , Chen Chengpeng
Published: December 2019

We developed a novel microfluidic system that enables automated and near real-time quantitation of indole release kinetics from biofilms.

Now published at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424720311031
A Low-Cost and Customizable TEER Meter for the Measurements of Cellular Barrier Integrity
Authors: Jones Curtis G. , Chen Chengpeng
Published: December 2019

A low-cost and translational TEER (trans-endothelial/epithelial electric resistance) meter was designed, fabricated, validated, and applied in this paper. TEER is a critical tool to quantitate the integrity of biological barriers. Commercially available TEER meters are expensive (thousands of dollars) with low customization capability. Using Arduino, an open-source hardware and program that are used to control electronics, we fabricated the TEER meter that costs ~$50 to purchase the parts and 2 hours to be constructed. Robust characterization and validation shows that the meter can accurately measure TEER values between 132 and 82,500 Ω·cm2 with <3% errors, which covers the reported TEER ranges based on a literature study we conducted. The temporal resolution, the measurement duration, and the electrode configurations of meter are also customizable. We successfully applied the meter to measure TEERs of endothelial cell monolayers, finding that cells treated with histamine have lower TEER values compared to untreated cells (793.4 ± 190.5 Ω·cm2 vs. 3027.5 ± 664.4 Ω∙cm2; p < 0.001), which is consistent with literature results. We further validated the TEER measurement by showing that histamine increased the intercellular gap from 2.34 ± 0.12 µm to 5.49 ± 0.17 µm, causing leakier endothelial barriers and thus lower TEERs. In conclusion, we report for the first time a low-cost Arduino-based TEER meter capable of accurately measuring TEERs in the relevant range. We also include detailed tutorials in the supplementary information to promote the translation of the technology.
QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Investigation of the Binding of Organic Phosphates to the 100 Diaspore Surface
Authors: Ganta Prasanth Babu , Kühn Oliver , Ahmed Ashour A.
Published: December 2019

The fate of phosphorus (P) in the eco-system is strongly affected by the interaction of phos- phates with soil components and especially reactive soil mineral surfaces. As a consequence, P immobilization could occur which eventually leads to P inefficiency and thus unavailability to plants with strong implications on the global food system. A molecular level understanding of the mechanisms of the P binding to soil mineral surfaces could be a key for the development of novel strategies for more efficient P application. Much experimental work has been done to understand P binding to several reactive and abundant minerals especially goethite (α-FeOOH). On the other hand, atomistic modeling of the P-mineral molecular systems using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is emerging as a new tool which provides more detailed information regarding the mechanisms, nature, and strength of these binding processes. The present study characterize the binding of the most abundant organic phosphates in forest soils, inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) and glycerolphosphate (GP), to the 100 diaspore (α-AlOOH) surface plane. Here, different molecular models have been introduced to simulate typical situations for the P-binding at the diaspore/water interface. For all models, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) based MD simulations have been performed to explore the diaspore–IHP/GP–water interactions. The results provide evidence for the formation of monodentate (M) and bidentate (B) motifs for GP and M and as well as two monodentate (2M) motifs for IHP with the surface. The calculated interaction energies suggest that GP and IHP prefer to form the B and 2M motif, respectively. Moreover, IHP exhibited stronger binding than GP with diaspore and water. Further, the role of water in controlling binding strengths via promoting of specific binding motifs, formation of H-bonds, adsorption and dissociation at the surface, as well as proton transfer processes is demonstrated. Finally, the P-binding at the 100 diaspore surface plane is weaker than that at the 010 plane highlighting the influential role of the coordination number of Al atoms at the top surface of diaspore.
Bioorthogonal Tetrazine Carbamate Cleavage by Highly Reactive Trans-Cyclooctene
Authors: van Onzen Arthur , Versteegen Ron M. , Hoeben Freek J. M. , Filot Ivo A.W. , Rossin Raffaella , zhu tong , Wu Jeremy , J. Hudson Peter , Janssen Henk M. , Hoeve Wolter ten , Robillard Marc
Published: December 2019

The high reaction rate of the 'click-to-release' reaction between allylic substituted trans-cyclooctene and tetrazine has enabled exceptional control over chemical and biological processes. Here we report the development of a new bioorthogonal cleavage reaction based on trans-cyclooctene and tetrazine with up to 3 orders of magnitude higher reactivity compared to the parent reaction, and 4 to 6 orders higher than other cleavage reactions. In this new pyridazine elimination mechanism, wherein the roles a reversed, a trans-cyclooctene activator reacts with a tetrazine that is substituted with a methylene-linked carbamate, leading to an 1,4-elimination of the carbamate and liberation of an amine. Through a series of mechanistic studies, we identified the 2,5-dihydropyridazine tautomer as the releasing species and found factors that govern its formation and subsequent fragmentation. The bioorthogonal utility was demonstrated by the selective cleavage of a tetrazine-linked antibody-drug conjugate by trans-cyclooctenes, affording efficient drug liberation in plasma and cell culture. Finally, the parent and the new reaction were compared at low concentration, showing that the use of a highly reactive trans-cyclooctene as activator leads to a complete reaction with antibody-drug conjugate in seconds vs. hours for the parent system. We believe that this new reaction may allow markedly reduced click-to-release reagent doses in vitro and in vivo and could expand the application scope to conditions wherein the trans-cyclooctene has limited stability.
A közszférára vonatkozó adatvédelmi szabályok a GDPR tükrében
Authors: Váradi Szilvia
Published: December 2019

Az Európai Unió adatvédelmi reformjának eredménye az általános adatvédelmi rendelet (GDPR) 2018. május 25-én lépett hatályba, és mind a magánszektorra, mind a közszférára jelentős hatást gyakorolt. A rendelet fő célja az érintett adatalany személyes adatai feletti ellenőrzési jogának megerősítése, így a GDPR több jelentős változást és szigorítást hozott a közhatalmi szervek és testületek személyes adat kezelési tevékenységére nézve is. Így például, míg az adatalany hozzájárulása az adatkezeléshez a magánszektorban kiemelkedő jelentőséggel bír, és az adatkezelés egyik jogalapja, addig a közszféra tekintetében több kivételt is találhatunk, mint az elfeledtetéshez való jog, az adathordozhatóság, az adatvédelmi hatásvizsgálat, amelyek kevés jelentőséggel bírnak, azonban találunk olyan érintetti jogot is, mint a tiltakozáshoz való jog, amely épp a közhatalmi szervekkel szemben érvényesíthető. Jelen tanulmány célja a GDPR ezen speciális szabályainak feltárása és elemzése, annak érdekében, hogy a napjainkban is tapasztalható bizonytalanságok feloldhatókká váljanak.
Nők a család- és foglalkoztatáspolitika keresztútján
Authors: Hungler Sára , Kende Ágnes
Published: December 2019

A család- és foglalkoztatáspolitika kapcsolata alapvetően meghatározza a nők munkaerő-piaci helyzetét. 2010 óta számos intézkedés született a gyermekvállalás ösztönzésének érdekében és a kisgyermekes nők foglalkoztatásának elősegítésére. Kutatásunkban azt vizsgáltuk, hogy az egyes szakpolitikai intézkedések és az ezek végrehajtására életbe léptetett jogszabályok miként hatnak a nők foglalkoztatottságára, ehhez jogtudományi és szociológiai módszereket egyaránt használtunk. Álláspontunk szerint a két szakpolitika célkitűzése nem áll egymással összhangban, amelynek eredményeképpen a nők munkaerő-piaci helyzete a férfiakéhoz képest lényegesen sérülékenyebb. Az ellentét feloldása alapvető munkajogi reformokkal valósítható meg, elsősorban a munkaidő beosztására, a részmunkaidőre és a felmondási védelemre vonatkozó szabályok újragondolása szükséges, nemcsak az anyák, hanem a kisgyermekes apák védelmének szem előtt tartásával.
Megfelelő válasz a dízelbotrányra?
Authors: Harsági Viktória
Published: December 2019

A cikk célja a német kollektív igényérvényesítési mechanizmusok fejlődésének, tapasztalatainak és akadályainak megértése egy külföldi kutató szemszögéből. Az eljárási jogot illetően elmondható, hogy a kollektív igényérvényesítési lehetőség szabályozása a teljes eljárás lefolytatására és az eljárás szinte minden szegmensére vonatkozik. Különösen aktuálissá tette a kérdést a Volkswagen-dízelbotrány néven elhíresült ügy. A szerző ezen ügyön keresztül vizsgálja a 2018 novemberében bevezetett új mintaperi eljárást. Ennek során rövid kitekintést tesz az USA-ban a Volkswagen konszern és a fogyasztók által kötött egyezséggel lezárt class action-re is. Arra a kérdésre próbál választ adni, hogy várható-e az új törvénytől hatékony megoldás az ügy kapcsán felmerült eljárásjogi problémákra. Az elemzés alapját annak a korábbi szektorális szabályozásnak az áttekintése is képezi, melynek továbbfejlesztésével született meg a 2018-ban bevezetett új szabályozás.
A munkaerő-kölcsönzés hazai szabályozása az Európai Unió irányelveinek tükrében
Authors: Kártyás Gábor
Published: December 2019

2019 nyarán nagykorúságába lépett a munkaerő-kölcsönzés jogintézménye Magyarországon. 2001. július 1-jei bevezetése óta lényegesen változott a kölcsönzés jogi környezete, a jogfejlődés fő mérföldköveit a munkaerő-kölcsönzés keretében történő munkavégzésről szóló 2008/104/EK irányelv (a továbbiakban: irányelv) és a munka törvénykönyvéről szóló 2012. évi I. törvény (a továbbiakban: Mt.) hatályba lépése jelentik. A közel két évtizedes gyakorlati tapasztalatok és számos törvénymódosítás után a munkaerő-kölcsönzés hazai szabályozását azonban máig nem tekinthetjük kiforrottnak, a jogintézményt több jogharmonizációs hiányosság, alkotmányos aggály és gyakorlati probléma is terheli. A jelen tanulmány célja a magyar munkaerő-kölcsönzés uniós jogi szempontú vizsgálata, azzal, hogy a jogharmonizációs problémák egyben számos tisztázandó belső jogi kérdésre is rávilágítanak.
‘Jensen’s Scientific Approach’ to Religion Education
Authors: Jensen Tim
Published: December 2019

Following an initial programmatic summary of ‘fundamentals’, the author puts forward (with reference to other programmatic ‘minimum presuppositions’ for the scientific study of religion(s)) his basic presuppositions and principles for a scientific study-of-religion(s)-based religion education as a time-tabled, compulsory, and totally normal school subject, taught by teachers educated at study-of-religion(s) departments of public universities. The article, thus, reflects what Cathy Byrne named ‘Jensen’s scientific approach’ to religion education.
Direito ao desenvolvimento: reflexões a partir do direito econômico sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Azevedo Marcelo Tobias da Silva , Clark Giovani
Published: December 2019

O conceito de desenvolvimento carrega uma carga de expectativa de melhoria das condições socioeconômicas da sociedade. Todavia, na década de 1960, o desenvolvimento era visto como crescimento modernizante em face da evolução da industrialização e foi incapaz desconcentrar a riqueza produzida e preservar os bens da natureza. Incorporou-se assim a sustentabilidade ao conceito de desenvolvimento, todavia ainda carente de precisão. O trabalho tem como objeto realizar a revisão bibliográfica dos conceitos de desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade, a partir das contribuições de Ignacy Sachs e de José Eli da Velga. E acrescenta, ainda, às lições de Direito Econômico sobre Direito do e ao desenvolvimento, proferidas pelo Professor Washington Peluso Albino de Souza, a fim de concluir que a Constituição brasileira de 1988 impôs o Direito ao Desenvolvimento, necessariamente sustentável, enquanto dever estatal e social e um dos direitos garantidos aos cidadãos brasileiros.
EVALUATION OF RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN TERMS OF PHYSICAL ABUSE IN CHILDREN UNDER 4 YEARS OF AGE ADMITTED TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: AYLANÇ Nilüfer , AKGÜL KALKAN Esin , ERTEM Şenay Bengin
Published: December 2019

Physical abuse is defined as non-accidental injury. For 0-3 years of age children, evaluated in the emergency department, the possibility of physical abuse should be considered. The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of radiological findings in the assessment of physical abuse suspicion. Children in 0-3 years of age, admitted with fall to the emergency department of a university hospital in 2018, were retrospectively evaluated on hospital automation system. Data was obtained from electronic health records. The cases were examined in terms of age, gender, falling features, physical and radiological findings related to trauma and suspicion of abuse. Data was analyzed in SPSS program. In 100 cases, 52 (52.0%) were male and the mean age was 28.7±10.6 months. The clinical diagnoses of the cases were 51 (51.0%) falling from the same level, 11 (11.0%) falling from one level to another, and 38 (38.0%) ‘only’ falling. Posttraumatic radiological findings were as follows: 19 (19.0%) cases had soft tissue injury with bone fracture and/or joint dislocation; 17 (17.0%) cases had isolated soft tissue injury and 1 (1.0%) had temporal bone fracture and intracranial traumatic changes. In 11 (11.0%) cases had long bone fractures, 9 (9.0%) were diaphyseal fractures. Two (2.0%) cases had hand-finger, 1 (1.0%) clavicle, 1 (1.0%) calvarial and 1 (1.0%) facial bone fractures. The case with clavicle fracture could not be evaluated in terms of physical abuse suspicion, because of unknown condition of walking. The suspicion of physical abuse was considered in 1 (1.0%) case due to delay in hospital admission. Long bone diaphyseal fractures were most common in children aged 0-3 years. Since this finding showed low specificity to physical abuse, no suspicion of physical abuse was radiologically considered. The delay in hospital admission reveals the importance of evaluating cases from a multidisciplinary point of view in terms of suspicion of physical abuse.