bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bladder Epicheck Test: A Novel Tool to Support Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis in Urine Samples
Authors: Fiorentino Vincenzo , Pizzimenti Cristina , Franchina Mariausilia , Rossi Esther Diana , Tralongo Pietro , Carlino Angela , Larocca Luigi Maria , Martini Maurizio , Fadda Guido , Pierconti Francesco
Published: August 2023

Bladder cancer and upper urothelial tract carcinoma are common diseases with a high risk of recurrence, thus necessitating follow-up after initial treatment. The management of non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) after transurethral resection involves surveillance, intravesical therapy, and cytology with cystoscopy. Urinary cytology, cystoscopy, and radiological evaluation of the upper urinary tract are recommended during follow-up in the international urological guidelines. Cystoscopy is the standard examination for the first assessment and follow-up of NMIBC, and urine cytology is a widely used urinary test with high sensitivity for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) and carcinoma in situ (CIS). In recent years, various urinary assays, including DNA methylation markers, have been used to detect bladder tumors. Among these, the Bladder EpiCheck test is one of the most widely used and is based on analysis of the methylation profile of urothelial cells to detect bladder neoplasms. This review assesses the importance of methylation analysis and the Bladder EpiCheck test as urinary biomarkers for diagnosing urothelial carcinomas in patients in follow-up for NMIBC, helping cytology and cystoscopy in doubtful cases. A combined approach of cytology and methylation analysis is suggested not only to diagnose HGUC, but also to predict clinical and histological recurrences.
YAP at the Crossroads of Biomechanics and Drug Resistance in Human Cancer
Authors: Huang Miao , Wang Heyang , Mackey Cole , Chung Michael C. , Guan Juan , Zheng Guangrong , Roy Arkaprava , Xie Mingyi , Vulpe Christopher , Tang Xin
Published: August 2023

Biomechanical forces are of fundamental importance in biology, diseases, and medicine. Mechanobiology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that studies how biological mechanisms are regulated by biomechanical forces and how physical principles can be leveraged to innovate new therapeutic strategies. This article reviews state-of-the-art mechanobiology knowledge about the yes-associated protein (YAP), a key mechanosensitive protein, and its roles in the development of drug resistance in human cancer. Specifically, the article discusses three topics: how YAP is mechanically regulated in living cells; the molecular mechanobiology mechanisms by which YAP, along with other functional pathways, influences drug resistance of cancer cells (particularly lung cancer cells); and finally, how the mechanical regulation of YAP can influence drug resistance and vice versa. By integrating these topics, we present a unified framework that has the potential to bring theoretical insights into the design of novel mechanomedicines and advance next-generation cancer therapies to suppress tumor progression and metastasis.
Recent Advances in Bioengineering Bone Revascularization Based on Composite Materials Comprising Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Niu Yifan , Chen Lei , Wu Tianfu
Published: August 2023

The natural healing process of bone is impaired in the presence of tumors, trauma, or inflammation, necessitating external assistance for bone regeneration. The limitations of autologous/allogeneic bone grafting are still being discovered as research progresses. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is now a crucial component of treating bone injuries and actively works to promote vascularization, a crucial stage in bone repair. A biomaterial with hydroxyapatite (HA), which resembles the mineral makeup of invertebrate bones and teeth, has demonstrated high osteoconductivity, bioactivity, and biocompatibility. However, due to its brittleness and porosity, which restrict its application, scientists have been prompted to explore ways to improve its properties by mixing it with other materials, modifying its structural composition, improving fabrication techniques and growth factor loading, and co-cultivating bone regrowth cells to stimulate vascularization. This review scrutinizes the latest five-year research on HA composite studies aimed at amplifying vascularization in bone regeneration.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Sucrose Synthase Gene Family in Sweet Potato and Its Two Diploid Relatives
Authors: Jiang Zhicheng , Zhang Huan , Gao Shaopei , Zhai Hong , He Shaozhen , Zhao Ning , Liu Qingchang
Published: August 2023

Sucrose synthases (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) encoded by a small multigene family are the central system of sucrose metabolism and have important implications for carbon allocation and energy conservation in nonphotosynthetic cells of plants. Though the SUS family genes (SUSs) have been identified in several plants, they have not been explored in sweet potato. In this research, nine, seven and seven SUSs were identified in the cultivated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, 2n = 6x = 90) as well as its two diploid wild relatives I. trifida (2n = 2x = 30) and I. triloba (2n = 2x = 30), respectively, and divided into three subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationships. Their protein physicochemical properties, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, promoter cis-elements, protein interaction network and expression patterns were systematically analyzed. The results indicated that the SUS gene family underwent segmental and tandem duplications during its evolution. The SUSs were highly expressed in sink organs. The IbSUSs especially IbSUS2, IbSUS5 and IbSUS7 might play vital roles in storage root development and starch biosynthesis. The SUSs could also respond to drought and salt stress responses and take part in hormone crosstalk. This work provides new insights for further understanding the functions of SUSs and candidate genes for improving yield, starch content, and abiotic stress tolerance in sweet potatoes.
WD Repeat and HMG Box DNA Binding Protein 1: An Oncoprotein at the Hub of Tumorigenesis and a Novel Therapeutic Target
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Zhu Qing
Published: August 2023

WD repeat and HMG-box DNA binding protein 1 (WDHD1) is a highly conserved gene from yeast to humans. It actively participates in DNA replication, playing a crucial role in DNA damage repair and the cell cycle, contributing to centromere formation and sister chromosome segregation. Notably, several studies have implicated WDHD1 in the development and progression of diverse tumor types, including esophageal carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. Additionally, the inhibitor of WDHD1 has been found to enhance radiation sensitivity, improve drug resistance, and significantly decrease tumor cell proliferation. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the molecular structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of WDHD1 in tumors, thereby establishing a foundation for future investigations and potential clinical applications of WDHD1.
Physicochemical Characterization of Chitosan/Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Glass-like Materials
Authors: Hejazi Sondos , Restaino Odile Francesca , Sabbah Mohammed , Zannini Domenico , Di Girolamo Rocco , Marotta Angela , D’Ambrosio Sergio , Krauss Irene Russo , Giosafatto C. Valeria L. , Santagata Gabriella , Schiraldi Chiara , Porta Raffaele
Published: August 2023

This paper sets up a new route for producing non-covalently crosslinked bio-composites by blending poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) of microbial origin and chitosan (CH) through poly-electrolyte complexation under specific experimental conditions. CH and two different molecular weight γ-PGA fractions have been blended at different mass ratios (1/9, 2/8 and 3/7) under acidic pH. The developed materials seemed to behave like moldable hydrogels with a soft rubbery consistency. However, after dehydration, they became exceedingly hard, glass-like materials completely insoluble in water and organic solvents. The native biopolymers and their blends underwent comprehensive structural, physicochemical, and thermal analyses. The study confirmed strong physical interactions between polysaccharide and polyamide chains, facilitated by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding. The materials exhibited both crystalline and amorphous structures and demonstrated good thermal stability and degradability. Described as thermoplastic and saloplastic, these bio-composites offer vast opportunities in the realm of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). This unique combination of properties allowed the bio-composites to function as glass-like materials, making them highly versatile for potential applications in various fields. They hold potential for use in regenerative medicine, biomedical devices, food packaging, and 3D printing. Their environmentally friendly properties make them attractive candidates for sustainable material development in various industries.
Fighting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of D-Q53 CecB, a Synthetic Analog of a Silkworm Natural Cecropin B Variant
Authors: Varponi Irene , Ferro Stefania , Menilli Luca , Grapputo Alessandro , Moret Francesca , Mastrotto Francesca , Marin Oriano , Sandrelli Federica
Published: August 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium responsible for severe nosocomial infections and is considered a critical pulmonary pathogen for both immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients. Planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa possess intrinsic and acquired resistances, inactivating several classes of conventional antibiotics. Additionally, this bacterium can grow, forming biofilms, and complex structures, further hampering the action of multiple antibiotics. Here, we report the biological properties of D-Q53 CecB, an all-D enantiomer of the silkworm natural peptide Q53 CecB. Compared to the L-variant, D-Q53 CecB was resistant to in vitro degradation by humans and P. aeruginosa elastases and showed an enhanced bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa planktonic bacteria. D-Q53 CecB was thermostable and maintained its antimicrobial activity at high salt concentrations and in the presence of divalent cations or fetal-bovine serum, although at reduced levels. Against different types of human cells, D-Q53 CecB showed cytotoxic phenomena at concentrations several folds higher compared to those active against P. aeruginosa. When L- and D-Q53 CecB were compared for their antibiofilm properties, both peptides were active in inhibiting biofilm formation. However, the D-enantiomer was extremely effective in inducing biofilm degradation, suggesting this peptide as a favorable candidate in an anti-Pseudomonas therapy.
Effects of UHDR and Conventional Irradiation on Behavioral and Cognitive Performance and the Percentage of Ly6G+ CD45+ Cells in the Hippocampus
Authors: Chaklai Ariel , Canaday Pamela , O’Niel Abigail , Cucinotta Francis A. , Sloop Austin , Gladstone David , Pogue Brian , Zhang Rongxiao , Sunnerberg Jacob , Kheirollah Alireza , Thomas Charles R. , Hoopes P. Jack , Raber Jacob
Published: August 2023

We assessed the effects of conventional and ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron irradiation on behavioral and cognitive performance one month following exposure and assessed whether these effects were associated with alterations in the number of immune cells in the hippocampus using flow cytometry. Two-month-old female and male C57BL/6J mice received whole-brain conventional or UHDR irradiation. UHDR mice were irradiated with 9 MeV electrons, delivered by the Linac-based/modified beam control. The mice were irradiated or sham-irradiated at Dartmouth, the following week shipped to OHSU, and behaviorally and cognitively tested between 27 and 41 days after exposure. Conventional- and UHDR-irradiated mice showed impaired novel object recognition. During fear learning, conventional- and UHDR-irradiated mice moved less during the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) and UHDR-irradiated mice also moved less during the baseline period (prior to the first tone). In irradiated mice, reduced activity levels were also seen in the home cage: conventional- and UHDR-irradiated mice moved less during the light period and UHDR-irradiated mice moved less during the dark period. Following behavioral and cognitive testing, infiltrating immune cells in the hippocampus were analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of Ly6G+ CD45+ cells in the hippocampus was lower in conventional- and UHDR-irradiated than sham-irradiated mice, suggesting that neutrophils might be particularly sensitive to radiation. The percentage of Ly6G+ CD45+ cells in the hippocampus was positively correlated with the time spent exploring the novel object in the object recognition test. Under the experimental conditions used, cognitive injury was comparable in conventional and UHDR mice. However, the percentage of CD45+ CD11b+ Ly6+ and CD45+ CD11b+ Ly6G- cells in the hippocampus cells in the hippocampus was altered in conventional- but not UHDR-irradiated mice and the reduced percentage of Ly6G+ CD45+ cells in the hippocampus might mediate some of the detrimental radiation-induced cognitive effects.
Roles of Non-Coding RNA in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathophysiology
Authors: Olufunmilayo Edward O. , Holsinger R. M. Damian
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is accompanied by deficits in memory and cognitive functions. The disease is pathologically characterised by the accumulation and aggregation of an extracellular peptide referred to as amyloid-β (Aβ) in the form of amyloid plaques and the intracellular aggregation of a hyperphosphorelated protein tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that cause neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The search for pathomechanisms leading to disease onset and progression has identified many key players that include genetic, epigenetic, behavioural, and environmental factors, which lend support to the fact that this is a multi-faceted disease where failure in various systems contributes to disease onset and progression. Although the vast majority of individuals present with the sporadic (non-genetic) form of the disease, dysfunctions in numerous protein-coding and non-coding genes have been implicated in mechanisms contributing to the disease. Recent studies have provided strong evidence for the association of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with AD. In this review, we highlight the current findings on changes observed in circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in AD. Variations in these ncRNAs could potentially serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We also discuss the results of studies that have targeted these ncRNAs in cellular and animal models of AD with a view for translating these findings into therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.
Reducing 3D Hydrogel Stiffness, Addition of Oestradiol in a Physiological Concentration and Increasing FSH Concentration Improve In Vitro Growth of Murine Preantral Follicles
Authors: Zheng Mengxue , Cadenas Jesús , Pors Susanne Elisabeth , Esa Tasnim , Kristensen Stine Gry , Mamsen Linn Salto , Adrados Cristina Subiran , Andersen Claus Yding
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to optimise culture conditions for murine preantral follicles to improve their growth and survival. Preantral follicles (diameter 100–130 µm) were isolated from prepubertal NMRI mice and individually cultured within alginate beads for 12 days. Three conditions were evaluated: (1) follicle re-encapsulation on day 6 of culture-reducing alginate concentration (0.5% to 0.25% w/v), (2) the presence of oestradiol (E2), and (3) increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration in the culture medium (from 10 to 100 mIU/mL FSH). Follicle morphology and growth, as well as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) production, were evaluated. From day 8, re-embedded follicles had a larger average diameter compared to follicles without alginate re-encapsulation (0.5% and 0.25% groups, p < 0.05). Oestradiol (1 µM) had a significantly positive effect on the mean follicular diameter and antrum formation (p < 0.001). Moreover, follicles cultured with 100 mIU/mL FSH showed faster growth (p < 0.05) and significantly higher antrum formation (p < 0.05) compared to the low FSH group. Nevertheless, AMH production was not affected by any of the culture conditions. In conclusion, the growth and survival of mouse preantral follicles during a 12-day period were improved by altering the alginate concentration midways during culture and adding E2 and FSH to the culture medium.
SFPQ and Its Isoform as Potential Biomarker for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Libang , Gilbertsen Adam , Jacobson Blake , Pham Jenny , Fujioka Naomi , Henke Craig A. , Kratzke Robert A.
Published: August 2023

Cancer markers are measurable molecules in the blood or tissue that are produced by tumor cells or immune cells in response to cancer progression. They play an important role in clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and anti-drug monitoring. Although DNA, RNA, and even physical images have been used, proteins continue to be the most common marker. There are currently no specific markers for lung cancer. Metastatic lung cancer, particularly non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of the most common causes of death. SFPQ, YY1, RTN4, RICTOR, LARP6, and HELLS are expressed at higher levels in cells from NSCLC than in control or cells from inflammatory diseases. SFPQ shows the most difference between the three cell types. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic isoform of SFPQ is only found in advanced cancers. We have developed ELISAs to detect SFPQ and the long and short isoforms. Evidence has shown that the short isoform exists primarily in cancers. Furthermore, immunocytometry studies and IHC analysis have revealed that SFPQ levels are consistent with ELISA results. In addition, enhanced DNA methylation in the SFPQ gene may facilitate the SFPQ expression differences between control and cancer cells. Considering this, elevated SFPQ level and the isoform location could serve as a cancer diagnostic and prognostic marker.
Acanthamoeba castellanii Uncoupling Protein: A Complete Sequence, Activity, and Role in Response to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Antos-Krzeminska Nina , Kicinska Anna , Nowak Witold , Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa
Published: August 2023

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial inner membrane transporters that mediate free-fatty-acid-induced, purine-nucleotide-inhibited proton leak into the mitochondrial matrix, thereby uncoupling respiratory substrate oxidation from ATP synthesis. The aim of this study was to provide functional evidence that the putative Acucp gene of the free-living protozoan amoeba, A. castellanii, encodes the mitochondrial protein with uncoupling activity characteristic of UCPs and to investigate its role during oxidative stress. We report the sequencing and cloning of a complete Acucp coding sequence, its phylogenetic analysis, and the heterologous expression of AcUCP in the S. cerevisiae strain InvSc1. Measurements of mitochondrial respiratory activity and membrane potential indicate that the heterologous expression of AcUCP causes AcUCP-mediated uncoupling activity. In addition, in a model of oxidative stress with increased reactive oxygen species levels (superoxide dismutase 1 knockout yeasts), AcUCP expression strongly promotes cell survival and growth. The level of superoxide anion radicals is greatly reduced in the ΔSOD1 strain expressing AcUCP. These results suggest that AcUCP targeted to yeast mitochondria causes uncoupling and may act as an antioxidant system. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the A. castellanii UCP diverges very early from other UCPs, but clearly locates within the UCP subfamily rather than among other mitochondrial anion carrier proteins.
Divergent Cross-Adaptation of Herbicide-Treated Wheat and Triticale Affected by Drought or Waterlogging
Authors: Vaseva Irina I. , Petrakova Margarita , Blagoeva Ana , Todorova Dessislava
Published: August 2023

Widely used agrochemicals that do not exert negative effects on crops and selectively target weeds could influence plant resilience under unfavorable conditions. The cross-adaptation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) exposed to two environmental abiotic stressors (drought and waterlogging) was evaluated after treatment with a selective herbicide (Serrate®, Syngenta). The ambivalent effects of the herbicide on the two studied crops were particularly distinct in waterlogged plants, showing a significant reduction in wheat growth and better performance of triticale individuals exposed to the same combined treatment. Histochemical staining for the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) confirmed that the herbicide treatment increased the accumulation of superoxide anion in the flooded wheat plants, and this effect persisted in the younger leaves of the recovered individuals. Comparative transcript profiling of ROS scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase) in stressed and recovered plants revealed crop-specific variations resulting from the unfavorable water regimes in combination with the herbicide treatment. Short-term dehydration was relatively well tolerated by the hybrid crop triticale and this aligned with the considerable upregulation of genes for L-Proline biosynthesis. Its drought resilience was diminished by herbicide application, as evidenced by increased ROS accumulation after prolonged water deprivation.
Docking Studies, Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Interactions of Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes with S-Isoalkyl Derivatives of Thiosalicylic Acid with Some Relevant Biomolecules
Authors: Dimitrijević Jelena D. , Solovjova Natalija , Bukonjić Andriana M. , Tomović Dušan Lj. , Milinkovic Mirjana , Caković Angelina , Bogojeski Jovana , Ratković Zoran R. , Janjić Goran V. , Rakić Aleksandra A. , Arsenijevic Nebojsa N. , Milovanovic Marija Z. , Milovanovic Jelena Z. , Radić Gordana P. , Jevtić Verica V.
Published: August 2023

The numerous side effects of platinum based chemotherapy has led to the design of new therapeutics with platinum replaced by another transition metal. Here, we investigated the interactions of previously reported copper(II) complexes containing S-isoalkyl derivatives, the salicylic acid with guanosine-5′-monophosphate and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and their antitumor effects, in a colon carcinoma model. All three copper(II) complexes exhibited an affinity for binding to CT-DNA, but there was no indication of intercalation or the displacement of ethidium bromide. Molecular docking studies revealed a significant affinity of the complexes for binding to the minor groove of B-form DNA, which coincided with DNA elongation, and a higher affinity for binding to Z-form DNA, supporting the hypothesis that the complex binding to CT-DNA induces a local transition from B-form to Z-form DNA. These complexes show a moderate, but selective cytotoxic effect toward colon cancer cells in vitro. Binuclear complex of copper(II) with S-isoamyl derivative of thiosalicylic acid showed the highest cytotoxic effect, arrested tumor cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory molecules pro-IL-1β, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in the tissue of primary heterotopic murine colon cancer, which was accompanied by a significantly reduced tumor growth and metastases in the lung and liver.
Low Muscle and High Fat Percentages Are Associated with Low Natural Killer Cell Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cho A-Ra , Suh Eunkyung , Oh Hyoju , Cho Baek Hwan , Gil Minchan , Lee Yun-Kyong
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate whether body fat and muscle percentages are associated with natural killer cell activity (NKA). This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on 8058 subjects in a medical center in Korea. The association between the muscle and fat percentage tertiles and a low NKA, defined as an interferon-gamma level lower than 500 pg/mL, was assessed. In both men and women, the muscle mass and muscle percentage were significantly low in participants with a low NKA, whereas the fat percentage, white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level were significantly high in those with a low NKA. Compared with the lowest muscle percentage tertile as a reference, the fully adjusted odd ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for a low NKA were significantly lower in T2 (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55–0.86) and T3 (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57–0.95) of men, and T3 (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59–0.99) of women. Compared with the lowest fat percentage tertile as a reference, the fully adjusted OR was significantly higher in T3 of men (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.01–1.69). A high muscle percentage was significantly inversely associated with a low NKA in men and women, whereas a high fat percentage was significantly associated with a low NKA in men.
Influence of Ga Substitution on the Local Structure and Luminescent Properties of Eu-Doped CaYAlO4 Phosphors
Authors: Oh Ju Hyun , Kim Hyunwoo , Kang Mijeong , Lee Seunghun
Published: August 2023

Understanding the local environment of luminescent centers in phosphors serves as a blueprint for designing the luminescent properties of phosphors. Chemical substitution is a general strategy for engineering the local structure around luminescent center ions. In this study, we systematically investigate the luminescent properties of Ga-substituted Eu-doped CaYAlO4 (CYAGO:Eu) phosphors and the local structure of the Eu ions. The Ga substitution at the Al sites leads to a significant enhancement in the electric dipole transition of Eu3+ (5D0 → 7F2). The Judd–Ofelt analysis reveals that Eu3+ ions are substituted for Ca/Y, and the Ga substitution increases the asymmetricity of the local structure around the Eu ions because of the different ionic radii and electronegativities of Al and Ga. In addition, Eu2+ emission is missing regardless of the Ga substitution and post-hydrogen treatments. The present work provides deeper insight into the role of chemical substitution in oxide phosphors.
Three Decades of Experience with Aortic Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Galeone Antonella , Gardellini Jacopo , Trojan Diletta , Di Nicola Venanzio , Di Gaetano Renato , Faggian Giuseppe , Luciani Giovanni Battista
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate early and long-term outcomes of patients with aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis (a-PVE) treated with a prosthetic aortic valve (PAV), prosthetic valved conduit (PVC), or cryopreserved aortic homograft (CAH). A total of 144 patients, 115 male and 29 female, aged 67 ± 12 years, underwent surgery for a-PVE at our institution between 1994 and 2021. Median time from the original cardiac surgery was 1.9 [0.6–5.6] years, and 47 (33%) patients developed an early a-PVE. Of these patients, 73 (51%) underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) with a biological or mechanical PAV, 12 (8%) underwent aortic root replacement (ARR) with a biological or mechanical PVC, and 59 (42%) underwent AVR or ARR with a CAH. Patients treated with a CAH had significantly more circumferential annular abscess multiple valve involvement, longer CPB and aortic cross-clamping times, and needed more postoperative pacemaker implantation than patients treated with a PAV. No difference was observed in survival, reoperation rates, or recurrence of IE between patients treated with a PAV, a PVC, or a CAH. CAHs are technically more demanding and more often used in patients who have extensive annular abscess and multiple valve involvement. However, the use of CAH is safe in patients with complex a-PVE, and it shows excellent early and long-term outcomes.
Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Advancement of Breast Surgery and Implications for Breast Reconstruction: A Narrative Review
Authors: Seth Ishith , Bulloch Gabriella , Joseph Konrad , Hunter-Smith David J. , Rozen Warren Matthew
Published: August 2023

Background: Breast reconstruction is a pivotal part of the recuperation process following a mastectomy and aims to restore both the physical aesthetic and emotional well-being of breast cancer survivors. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary technology across numerous medical disciplines. This narrative review of the current literature and evidence analysis explores the role of AI in the domain of breast reconstruction, outlining its potential to refine surgical procedures, enhance outcomes, and streamline decision making. Methods: A systematic search on Medline (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials, and Embase databases from January 1901 to June 2023 was conducted. Results: By meticulously evaluating a selection of recent studies and engaging with inherent challenges and prospective trajectories, this review spotlights the promising role AI plays in advancing the techniques of breast reconstruction. However, issues concerning data quality, privacy, and ethical considerations pose hurdles to the seamless integration of AI in the medical field. Conclusion: The future research agenda comprises dataset standardization, AI algorithm refinement, and the implementation of prospective clinical trials and fosters cross-disciplinary partnerships. The fusion of AI with other emergent technologies like augmented reality and 3D printing could further propel progress in breast surgery.
Burnout and Professional Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Nursing Students without Clinical Experience: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cañadas Gustavo R. , Membrive-Jiménez María José , Martos-Cabrera María Begoña , Albendín-García Luis , Velando-Soriano Almudena , Cañadas-De la Fuente Guillermo A. , De la Fuente-Solana Emilia Inmaculada
Published: August 2023

Burnout affects many healthcare professionals, especially nurses, causing serious health problems and disrupting the work environment. Academic burnout may also be experienced, leading students to feel unable to cope with their education. As a result, they may lose interest and even consider abandoning their studies. Hence, burnout syndrome can affect both the mental health and the professional future of those affected. To evaluate academic burnout in nursing students who had no clinical experience before starting their practical training, a cross-sectional study involving 212 third-year nursing students at the University of Granada was conducted. Data were collected using the Granada Burnout Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Fear of CoronaVirus-19 Scale. High levels of burnout were present in 37.8% of the students. Moreover, 21.5% and 8.7% had borderline cases of anxiety or depression, respectively. Another 30.8% and 9.2%, respectively, were considered likely to present these conditions. According to the predictive models of burnout dimensions obtained, neuroticism is a predictor of all three burnout dimensions. Furthermore, anxiety, depression, extraversion, responsibility and engagement are predictors of some dimensions of the syndrome. Many nursing students present high levels of burnout, which is related to certain personality variables and to the presence of anxiety and/or depression. The level of professional engagement is inversely associated with the impact of burnout. The participants in this study have normalised their return to the pre-pandemic study routine (in-person classes), and fear of COVID-19 was not a significant predictor of any dimension of burnout.
Short-Term Outcomes of Faricimab Treatment in Aflibercept-Refractory Eyes with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kishi Maya , Miki Akiko , Kamimura Aya , Okuda Mina , Matsumiya Wataru , Imai Hisanori , Kusuhara Sentaro , Nakamura Makoto
Published: August 2023

To evaluate the functional and anatomical effects of switching to faricimab for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) refractory to intravitreal aflibercept, this retrospective study evaluated patients with nAMD who received intravitreal injections of aflibercept (IVA) every <8 weeks and were switched to faricimab. After switching, the patients were treated with a treatment and extended regimen that started with the interval just before switching and received at least three injections. We evaluated changes in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), treatment interval, and presence of retinal fluid. Overall, 55 eyes from 55 patients were examined. After three injections of faricimab, the BCVA and CCT did not change significantly. However, the CRT decreased significantly (p < 0.05), the injection interval was significantly extended (7.5 ± 2.3 vs. 5.9 ± 1.5 weeks, p < 0.01), and the rates of the presence of intraretinal fluid and subretinal fluid decreased significantly to 16.4% and 40% of eyes, respectively (both p < 0.01). An ocular adverse event (retinal pigment epithelium tear) developed in one eye. Switching to faricimab was effective for anatomic changes. It may be an additional treatment option for some eyes refractory to IVA.
Impact of Optimal Medical Therapy on Reintervention and Survival Rates after Endovascular Infrapopliteal Revascularization
Authors: Wittig Tim , Pflug Toni , Schmidt Andrej , Scheinert Dierk , Steiner Sabine
Published: August 2023

Within this single-center cohort study, we investigated the impact of optimal medical therapy on all-cause mortality, major amputation-free survival and clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD TLR) in 552 patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) undergoing endovascular infrapopliteal revascularization. From the overall cohort, 145 patients were treated for intermittent claudication (IC) and 407 were treated for critical limb ischemia (CLI). Optimal medical therapy (OMT) was defined as the presence of at least one antiplatelet agent, statin and ACE inhibitor or AT-2 antagonist based on guideline recommendations. About half (55.5%) of all patients were prescribed OMT at discharge, with a higher proportion in claudicants (62.1%) versus CLI patients (53.2%). Over three years of follow-up, survival was significantly better in patients with IC (80.6 ± 3.8% vs. 59.9 ± 2.9%; p < 0.001). There was a signal towards better survival in those patients receiving OMT (log-rank p = 0.09). Similarly, amputation-free survival (AFS) was significantly better in patients with IC (p = 0.004) and also in patients receiving OMT (78.8 ± 3.6%) compared to that in those without OMT (71.5 ± 4.2%; p = 0.046). Freedom from CD TLR within three years was significantly better in the IC group (p = 0.002), but there were no statistically significant differences for CD TLR dependent on the presence of OMT (p = 0.79). In conclusion, there is still an important underuse of OMT in patients undergoing infrapopliteal interventions, which is even more pronounced in CLI despite a signal for its benefit regarding all-cause mortality and major amputation-free survival.
Correlation between Inflammatory Systemic Biomarkers and Surgical Trauma in Elderly Patients with Hip Fractures
Authors: Moldovan Flaviu , Ivanescu Adrian Dumitru , Fodor Pal , Moldovan Liviu , Bataga Tiberiu
Published: August 2023

The treatment for hip fractures consists of a wide variety of orthopedic implants ranging from prosthesis to intramedullary nails. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between blood-count-derived biomarkers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the level of aggression sustained by elderly patients during these surgical procedures. A total of 129 patients aged over 70 and diagnosed with acute hip fractures who underwent surgical treatment between November 2021 and February 2023 were included in our observational retrospective cohort study. Two groups were formed depending on the anatomic location of the fracture for statistical comparison: group 1 with extracapsular fractures, who received a closed reduction internal fixation (CRIF) with a gamma nail (GN) as treatment, and group 2 with intracapsular fractures, who received a bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) as treatment. The length of hospital stay (LHS), duration of surgery, preoperative days, pre- and postoperative red blood count (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) levels and postoperative NLR, PLR and SII were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis indicated that the postoperative NLR (p = 0.029), PLR (p = 0.009), SII (p = 0.001) and duration of surgery (p < 0.0001) were independently related to the invasiveness of the procedures. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that a postoperative SII > 1564.74 is a more reliable predictor of surgical trauma in terms of specificity (58.1%) and sensitivity (56.7%). Postoperative SII as a biomarker appears to be closely correlated with surgical trauma sustained by an older population with hip fractures.
Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: From Clinical Treatment Strategies to the Roadmap in Identifying the Genetic Bases of Development in Humans with the Support of the Collaborative Cross Mouse Population
Authors: Lone Iqbal M. , Zohud Osayd , Midlej Kareem , Proff Peter , Watted Nezar , Iraqi Fuad A.
Published: August 2023

Depending on how severe it is, malocclusion, which may involve misaligned teeth, jaws, or a combination of the two, can hurt a person’s overall facial aesthetics. The maxillary molar develops before the mandibular molar in class II malocclusion, which affects 15% of the population in the United States. With a retrusive mandible, patients typically have a convex profile. The goal of this study is to classify the skeletal and dental variability present in class II malocclusion, to reduce heterogeneity, present the current clinical treatment strategies, to summarize the previously published findings of genetic analysis, discuss these findings and their constraints, and finally, propose a comprehensive roadmap to facilitate investigations aimed at determining the genetic bases of malocclusion development using a variety of genomic approaches. To further comprehend the hereditary components involved in the onset and progression of class II malocclusion, a novel animal model for class II malocclusion should be developed while considering the variety of the human population. To overcome the constraints of the previous studies, here, we propose to conduct novel research on humans with the support of mouse models to produce contentious findings. We believe that carrying out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a large human cohort to search for significant genes and their modifiers; an epigenetics-wide association study (EWAS); RNA-seq analysis; integrating GWAS and the expression of quantitative trait loci (eQTL); and the testing of microRNAs, small RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs in tissues related to the skeletal class II malocclusion (SCIIMO) phenotype, such as mandibular bone, gum, and jaw in humans and the collaborative cross (CC) mouse model, will identify novel genes and genetic factors affecting this phenotype. We anticipate discovering novel genetic elements to advance our knowledge of how this malocclusion phenotype develops and open the venue for the early identification of patients carrying the susceptible genetic factors so that we can offer early prevention treatment strategies.
Relationship between Urinary Parameters and Double-J Stent Encrustation
Authors: Bauzá Jose Luis , Calvó Paula , Julià Francesca , Guimerà Jorge , Martínez Ana Isabel , Tienza Antonio , Costa-Bauzá Antonia , Sanchís Pilar , Grases Félix , Pieras Enrique
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the relationship between metabolic urine conditions and the formation, severity, and composition of encrustations in ureteral stents. (2) Methods: Ninety stone-former patients requiring a double-J stent were prospectively enrolled. We collected 24 h metabolic urine samples and demographic data, including indwelling time and previous stone composition. The total deposit weight was obtained, and a macroscopic classification according to the degree of encrustation (null, low, moderate, and high) was created, allowing for intergroup comparisons. Stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopy were performed to identify the type of embedded deposits (calcium oxalate, uric acid, and infectious and non-infectious phosphates). (3) Results: In total, 70% of stents were encrusted; thereof, 42% had a moderate degree of encrustation. The most common encrustation type was calcium oxalate, but infectious phosphates were predominant in the high-encrustation group (p < 0.05). A direct correlation was observed between the purpose-built macroscopic classification and the encrustation weights (p < 0.001). Greater calciuria, uricosuria, indwelling time, and decreased diuresis were observed in stents with a higher degree of encrustation (p < 0.05). The urinary pH values were lower in patients with uric acid encrustations and higher in those with infectious phosphate encrustations (p < 0.05). When compared to non-encrusted stents, patients with calcium-oxalate-encrusted stent showed greater calciuria, phosphaturia, indwelling time, and reduced diuresis; patients with uric-acid-encrusted stent showed greater uricosuria; and patients with infectious and non-infectious phosphate encrustation showed greater urinary pH (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Metabolic urine conditions play a critical role in the formation, composition, and severity of double-J stent encrustation.
Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in the Female Sex
Authors: Dore Maria Pina , Fanciulli Giuseppe , Manca Alessandra , Pes Giovanni Mario
Published: August 2023

Background. Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk of thyroid diseases (TDs), although scientific evidence is conflicting. In the present study the relationship between TDs, including both autoimmune (AI) and non-autoimmune TD, and H. pylori infection was investigated. Methods: Data from records of patients undergoing upper endoscopy and histologically evaluated for H. pylori infection were retrieved. In addition to demographic information, the features of gastritis based on non-targeted biopsies collected from the antrum, angulus, and corpus were analyzed. The presence of H. pylori infection and atrophy and/or metaplasia and/or dysplasia in at least one gastric specimen was defined as a long-lasting H. pylori infection and the presence of a chronic–active gastritis as a current infection. Hashimoto’s and Graves’ diseases were included in the AITD group, and thyroid nodules, goiter, iatrogenic thyroid hypo/hyper function, and thyroidectomy in the non-autoimmune TD group. Results: A total of 8322 records from adult patients from Northern Sardinia, characterized by a similar genetic background, was analyzed. Participants were aged 18–93 years (females 5339, 64.1%), and more specifically, 562 (6.7%) had a diagnosis of AITD and 448 (5.4%) of non-autoimmune TD. A significant association between long-lasting H. pylori and AITD (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.13–1.60) was found, irrespective of age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status, while it was not associated with non-autoimmune TD. Current H. pylori infection did not show significant ORs for AITD (OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.64–1.57) and non-autoimmune TD (OR 0.86; 95%CI 0.66–1.15). The association with long-lasting H. pylori infection was confirmed to be significant for both Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease by multivariable regression analysis. Stratification according to sex revealed a significant association only for females (OR 1.39; 95%CI 1.12–1.72). Conclusions. Our results indicate that long-lasting H. pylori infection is associated with AITD in the female adult population of Northern Sardinia.
A Review of Path Planning for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Authors: Xing Bowen , Yu Manjiang , Liu Zhenchong , Tan Yinchao , Sun Yue , Li Bing
Published: August 2023

With the continued development of artificial intelligence technology, unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) have attracted the attention of countless domestic and international specialists and academics. In particular, path planning is a core technique for the autonomy and intelligence process of USVs. The current literature reviews on USV path planning focus on the latest global and local path optimization algorithms. Almost all algorithms are optimized by concerning metrics such as path length, smoothness, and convergence speed. However, they also simulate environmental conditions at sea and do not consider the effects of sea factors, such as wind, waves, and currents. Therefore, this paper reviews the current algorithms and latest research results of USV path planning in terms of global path planning, local path planning, hazard avoidance with an approximate response, and path planning under clustering. Then, by classifying USV path planning, the advantages and disadvantages of different research methods and the entry points for improving various algorithms are summarized. Among them, the papers which use kinematic and dynamical equations to consider the ship’s trajectory motion planning for actual sea environments are reviewed. Faced with multiple moving obstacles, the literature related to multi-objective task assignment methods for path planning of USV swarms is reviewed. Therefore, the main contribution of this work is that it broadens the horizon of USV path planning and proposes future directions and research priorities for USV path planning based on existing technologies and trends.
Maritime Data Collection Framework for Container Port Benchmarking
Authors: Aronietis Raimonds , Hassel Edwin van , Vanelslander Thierry
Published: August 2023

Container ports play a crucial role in global maritime trade by serving as key transportation hubs for the movement of goods. Their performance differs due to unique local characteristics, creating a need for benchmarking to improve. Trends in trade patterns, supply chains and maritime transport operations can substantially impact on the cargo handling requirement at ports and therefore port performance. The aim of this research is two-fold; first, to examine the current situation, main trends and disruptions affecting maritime container transport and ports, and second, to investigate the key criteria for assessing and benchmarking port performance. Regarding the first objective, for the investigation of the global trends in the liner shipping and container port sector, desk research is performed. Regarding the second, a framework is developed by identifying five areas of interest based on the strategic value of data and selecting the best available data. This allows creating a two-layer data framework that enables the collection of data at the country and port level. The developed framework is applied to gather relevant data points for various container ports, and allows drawing conclusions on the performance of the framework. The results of this research contribute to the understanding of container port performance and may serve as a valuable resource for port operators and researchers in the field. By examining the specific factors that influence port performance, this study provides a foundation for enhancing the comparability of container port operational performance.