bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism studies and candidate genes associated with litter size traits in Indonesian goats. a systematic review
Authors: Abuzahra Mutasem , Abu Eid Loay , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Mustofa Imam , Lamid Mirni , Rehman Saifur
Published: August 2023

Background: Litter size (LS) is a significant, challenging, and economical aspect of the goat industry in Indonesia. It is influenced by several different factors and genes; consequently, identifying potential genes and loci associated with litter size has become a genetic problem. Several genetic indicators have been found to be associated with litter size in goats. This has prompted the need to discuss candidate genes associated with litter size in goats in Indonesia.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using critical databases including ResearchGate, Google Scholar, PubMed, Google search engine and Science direct. There were any exclusion criteria, they were as follows: articles published in languages other than English, Conference papers, short communication papers and papers not related to animals. After reviewing the abstracts of 42 publications, the remaining 17 investigations were chosen for full paper evaluation. A further eight studies were removed after a comprehensive evaluation of the publications because they did not match our inclusion criteria.

Results: These markers include growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPR1B), and kisspeptin (KISS1). Single nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes contribute to the development of novel genetic markers that helps in the selection of goats with the most favorable genotypes for litter size. This type of genetic selection is more successful than the traditional way of selecting animals for reproductive traits, particularly litter size.

Conclusions: As a result, this study summarizes the genetic impacts of polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with litter size features in Indonesian goats.
Social bearing of laws and their implementation with reference to irretrievable breakdown of marriage: A comparative study of laws in India and Asian countries
Authors: Kumar Yadav Raj , Bala Madhu , Chaudhary Priyanka , Singh Paramveer , Mittal Aarushi , Kaif Mohd , Verma Akanksha , Dudi Mukesh Kumar
Published: August 2023

This research study explores the scope of introducing ‘irretrievable breakdown’ as a ground for divorce. Many developed countries have successfully introduced this ground and even removed the time limit with the passage of time for seeking a unilateral divorce. Some societies insist that if this ground is introduced, the number of divorces will increase, but it is not so. In India, a more than 10-years separation may be adopted as grounds for divorce to resolve this concern. This time period may be decreased if neither spouse has a child. The court can decide whether the marriage is ended. This is a comparative study of the laws on marriage in India and other Asian countries and their social effects. In this study, the researchers found that marriage was indissoluble in many countries a few decades ago and is now dissoluble. This paper discusses the concept of divorce and how it came into India with changes in social structure. The paper discusses the introduction of irretrievable breakdown as a ground for divorce in India. It explains the current situation of Asian countries with historical background to support the claim of this ground. Overburdened courts are not expected to look into the personal matter of the parties to the marriage. If parties to the marriage can live happily, they should choose to live peacefully, or amicable solutions can be found with their peer groups. If there is a deadlock, the parties to the marriage must restart their lives. There are certain precautions to remove the possibility of misuse of new grounds of divorce, e.g. ensuring a child's future, declaring the marriage dead by the court and not by the estranged spouses. Media can also play an essential role in saving marriages.
Defining 'energy' in micro canonical ensemble
Authors: Pulinchery Prasanth , Kandoth Murkoth Udayanandan
Published: August 2023

The micro canonical ensemble (MCE) represents an isolated system having fixed energy. The nature of energy in MCE is always a subject of discussion. In this paper we are distinguishing the energy possessed by the system and the energy offered by the system for measurement in MCE. This we hope will help the learners of statistical mechanics to have a more understanding of MCE.
Concepts and Results of a Practical Model of Quantum Cosmology
Authors: Venkata Satya Seshavatharam Utpala , Lakshminarayana Sreerama
Published: August 2023

We have proposed new concepts and results pertaining to a very simple and practical model of quantum cosmology based on light speed expanding black hole universe having no dark matter and no dark energy. Big bang concept can be replaced with Plank scale. Cosmic temperature and expansion rate can be related with scaled Hawking’s Black hole temperature formula. Starting from cosmic center to cosmic boundary, a decreasing trend of galactic acceleration can be understood with continuous light speed expansion at cosmic boundary. Issue of ‘causal disconnection of galaxies at large scale distances’ can be eliminated by cosmic black hole physical concepts. Dark matter concept can be eliminated with ‘super gravity of galactic baryonic mass caused by weak interaction’. Cosmic inflation and dark energy concepts can be eliminated with ‘light speed expansion’. To fit the estimated light travel distances and to eliminate the dark energy, cosmic red shift can be redefined
Studies on Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Larvicidal Properties of the Acacia nilotica Fruit Extracts
Authors: Das Niloy , Saha Sonali , Singha Roy Utpal
Published: August 2023

In the present study fruit of Acacia nilotica was chosen to evaluate its antioxidant, larvicidal and antibacterial properties. Phytochemical screening of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the plant fruits affirmed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugar, phenol, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin and steroid. The antioxidant properties of the aqueous and alcohol fruit extracts were noted as 10.11±0.035 and 9.75±0.023 mM of FeSO4 for Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay respectively. The potency of antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and alcohol extract of A. nilotica fruit were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillussubtilis, and Escherichiacoli. The alcohol extract against E. coli, exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity. Aqueous extracts of A. nilotica fruit showed potential toxicity against Aedes albopictus larvae with LC50 value of 142.074 mg L-1. Present findings clearly indicated that A. nilotica fruit extracts could be most effectively used as a natural antioxidant, antibacterial and larvicidal agent.
A Study of Stock Market Prediction through Sentiment Analysis
Authors: BISWAS SANDIPAN , GHOSH SHIVNATH , ROY SANDIP , BOSE RAJESH , SONI SANJAY
Published: August 2023

In the modern world, the current state and course of economic development and growth are determined by the fortunes and vagaries of the stock markets. In this research study, the authors provide a model that can aid in making reliable and error-free predictions of stock market trends. The described approach uses sentiment analytics based on financial news and past stock market patterns. The proposed structure has been used to forecast stock market patterns that incorporates sentiment analysis taken from news and previous stock market patterns to provide more precise results. The model shown here has provided a two-step process- the Naive Bayes algorithm and forecasting future values of stocks using evaluation findings on text polarity and historical stock value movement information. A novel idea known as the KNN-LR Hybrid algorithm has been introduced to achieve better outcomes when evaluating the accuracy and efficacy of other machine learning algorithms.
Power of 280: Measuring the Impact of Elon Musk's Tweets on the Stock Market
Authors: Metta Sanjeev , Madhavan Nidheesh , Krishnamoorthy Narayanan Krishnamoorthy
Published: August 2023

This research aims to measure the extent up to which Elon Musk’s Twitter posts may influence stock prices of companies tagged, specifically the essential market metrics such as price, volume, and returns obtained from listed stocks. Intra-day data from well-recognized data providers have been utilized, for a period of 900 minutes, ranging from -600 minutes to +360 minutes, with the 0th minute being the time of his tweet (t=0). The study incorporates an event study and has adopted sentiment analysis and cumulative abnormal returns and found a significant impact of his tweets on five of the eight events.
Promoting Environment Sustainability Through Green HRM: The Socially Responsible Organizations
Authors: Subramanian Padmavathy , Jaganathan Ashok
Published: August 2023

The issue of global warming can be attributed to over usage of the environment and also because of the industrial revolution, which brought degradation to the world environment. Global warming has been causing a negative impact on the industries, and these worries have created more strain on the organizations. These organizations have started to practice environmentally-pleasant methods and also started producing products that are environment-friendly. These environmental protection measures were used to control means of practicing environment-friendly measures in different departments such as production, finance, advertising and marketing and others. Recently, Human Resource Management has also joined this group, and now Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has also started to gain importance. GHRM assists in improving Environmental Performance (EP) growing through personnel dedication which is closer to the environment.
Leadership Styles and Emotional Intelligence of Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Vijayakumar Nivetha
Published: August 2023

As women entrepreneurs, women must be aware of their emotions and feelings since Emotional Intelligence(EI) is a key component of effective leadership. Leaders with high emotional intelligence are happier and are more committed to their organization (Abraham, 2000), and they also use positive emotions to visualize the improvements in the organization’s functions (George, 2000). The study focuses on the factors of EI and leadership that influence women entrepreneurs in their entrepreneurial activities, which also impact the success of the business. The quantitative approach will be followed throughout the study to measure the variables. The descriptive study is also employed to identify characteristics of women entrepreneurs who deal with managing leadership and emotional intelligence problems. The TEIQue (Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionaire) was used to measure EI, and Vannsimpco Leadership Survey (VLS) was used to determine the leadership styles. The study was conducted among 132 women entrepreneurs from South India. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between EI and leadership. The educational level of entrepreneurs impacts both EI and leadership.
The Impact of Knowledge of Sustainable Manufacturing Practices on Purchase Intention Towards Fashion Apparel
Authors: Bajaj Bhavna , Paul Ann
Published: August 2023

Indian apparel manufacturers are promoting sustainable fashion and reducing carbon footprint. Despite these efforts, the acceptance of green apparel in India is low compared to developed countries. In the current study, the impact of sustainable manufacturing practices on consumers’ purchase intention has been investigated while controlling for consumers' knowledge of sustainable manufacturing practices (SMPs). Data from 100 respondents analyzed using bivariate regression suggests that relationship between Consumers' Environmental Impact Consciousness, Consumers' Awareness of a brand's SMPs and their Purchase Intention toward the brand is differentially impacted by Consumers' own Knowledge of Sustainable Manufacturing Practices. The results carry implications for marketers who must craft messages to raise consumers’ knowledge of sustainable practices, as well as the consumers' awareness of brands' use of SMPs.
Demographic or Psychographic Hotel Segmentation? The Emerging Market of Domestic Women Business Travellers
Authors: Narula Soni Gagandeep , Kaushik Tanuja , Hussain Sarah
Published: August 2023

Market segmentation is a key marketing strategy practised by hotels. Adoption of a combination approach where demographic variables are amalgamated with the psychographic constructs can be utilized to segment the women on a domestic business trip. This will yield enlightening results for the hospitality marketers which will eventually enable them to design marketing mixes and products suited to fulfil the requirements and preferences of this particular segment of women. Using online surveys along with qualitative techniques for collecting data and analysing them through multivariate statistical techniques may take the hospitality industry to the next level of success.
Tourists’ Satisfaction with Key Coastal Tourism Destinations of West Bengal, India
Authors: Baitalik Anirban , Majumder Sankar , Bhattacharjee Tanmoyee
Published: August 2023

This study is an attempt to analyse the satisfaction level of tourists’ visiting the popular coastal tourist destinations in the state of West Bengal in India. Simple checklist approach along with Likert scale techniques was employed as a response format to collect primary data from the sample of 300 tourists. Simple statistical techniques were used to analyse the so-collected data. This study indicate that the sample tourists were more satisfied with the scenic beauty of the places, transportation facilities, availability of food & beverages. They were also satisfied with the cleanliness, and accommodation facilities. But they were relatively less satisfied with the state of sanitation & safe drinking water, health facilities, and safety-security of the area. The study revealed that the marital status, household’s income, travel distance, and cost of accommodation had a significant positive association with the tourists’ satisfaction. Strangely, this study found significant negative association between per capita expenditure of the tourist and level of their satisfaction. This study revealed that the service-wise levels of satisfaction were highly sensitive to social, demographic as well as visitation characters of the tourists. It is expected that the findings of this study would be very useful in appropriate policy making for tourism development.
An Analysis of the Cultural Tourism Product Satisfaction Level in Kerala
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Thanikkad Jaseela
Published: August 2023

Cultural Tourism implies “A type of tourism activity in which the visitor’s essential motivation is to learn, discover, experience and consume the tangible and intangible cultural attractions/products in a tourism destination. Kerala, referred to as ‘God’s Own Country’, enjoys unique geographical features and its classical art forms, colourful festivals, exotic cuisine etc., are some of the cultural marvels that attract travellers. Though the share of cultural tourism in the tourism development of the state has not been assessed in quantitative terms, the arrival of foreign and domestic tourists to cultural tourism destinations in Kerala undoubtedly accentuate the contribution of cultural tourism to the state’s exchequer. The level of satisfaction that cultural products that the state tourism offers is subjected to analysis to explore the principal factors and confirm whether they are significant reflections of satisfaction from cultural products. The study asserts the need for redefining and revamping the role of cultural events, monuments such as Synagogue and religious places aimed to a provide a high level of satisfaction so as to attract cultural tourists to destinations in Kerala.
Hospitality Education and Industry Linkages: A Systematic Literature Network Analysis
Authors: RAJ Akhil Raj , A. D. Rajeev Kumar , S. Jithendran
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study was to identify key themes, research gaps, and influential authors, as well as to examine the evolution of research and the quality and rigor of existing literature on hospitality education and its industry linkage. For this, a systematic literature network analysis, comprising a systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework, bibliometric analysis using R programming, network analysis, and thematic analysis was performed. The findings revealed that the most important clusters of research in this area are related to curriculum development, work-integrated learning, and industry partnerships. The review explored the importance of industry-academic collaboration, challenges, curriculum development, and employability as four main themes in the area of industrial linkage in hospitality education. As indicated by researchers, the review suggests the effectiveness of different approaches to industry-academia collaboration in hospitality education, the impact of industrial linkage on the quality of hospitality education in several regions, the role of technologies in enhancing the collaboration between academia and industry in hospitality education, and the development of a sustainable curriculum that incorporates environmental, social, and economic sustainability in hospitality education as future research areas.
Prerequisites for the formation of the concept. Physical therapy of children in need of palliative care
Authors: Grygus Igor , Nahorna Olga
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the research is the scientific justification and development of a system of physical therapy for children who need palliative care. The methods of research in this case are empirical methods (description, comparison, measurement), the method of theoretical knowledge (axiomatic), general logical methods (analysis, synthesis), systematic approach.

The basis of providing palliative care involves a patient-centered approach of a multidisciplinary team, the composition of which is determined by the patient's needs, his age, and the severity of his condition. If we consider the rehabilitation support of children who need non-oncological palliative care within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, it can be stated that, having violations in the Body Structure and Functions component, they have significant limitations in the Activity-Participation component. Contextual factors – Environmental factors and Personal factors – play a significant role in the quality and effectiveness of rehabilitation. After the rehabilitation instrumental examination, the needs of the child and his family members, child-centered tasks are identified, and the goal of physical therapy is formed. The means of the rehabilitation program are therapeutic physical culture, massage, positioning, dance and movement therapy, photo therapy and art therapy using the «hand in hand» method; selection of technical means of movement, rehabilitation equipment for modification of the educational space. Therefore, the means of the physical therapy program will be directed to reducing the complication of the main disease, will help to form the household-educational-social organization of the space of children of this category, will contribute to the emotional and psychological stability of patients, their family members, and representatives of the interdisciplinary team.
Assessment of the knowledge of people training amateur strength sports about the squat and its variations and the benefits from this fact
Authors: Kupczak Agata , Dolińska Anna , Zając Kacper , Suszyński Krzysztof , Latos Jan , Górka Mikołaj , Górka Dariusz
Published: August 2023

EntryThe squat pattern is present in the life of every human being from his earliest years. In sports, the squat is one of the most popular exercises, used in almost every discipline in countless variations by both professionals and amateurs. Due to its biomechanics and the degree of involvement of the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system, its use is an essential training link in any plan aimed at developing muscle mass, strength and endurance. The squat pattern is also used in medicine, rehabilitation and improving people suffering from all kinds of injuries and dysfunctions of the locomotor system.
Material and methodsThe study used the diagnostic survey method, with the use of a proprietary questionnaire consisting of 37 questions. The study was conducted among a group of 250 men aged 20-50 practicing amateur strength sports.
ConclusionsThe current state of knowledge about the squat technique (high bar, low bar, front squat) among men practicing strength sports as amateurs is at an insufficient level. Respondents did not show sufficient knowledge about the impact of squats on the human body.
Environmental dimorphism of the frequency of significant correlations of the torso features with the feet features among 7-13-year-old youth
Authors: Rzadkowski Kamil , Mrozkowiak Mirosław
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Studies on the correlation of selected torso and feet features among 7-13-year-old children and adolescents have shown that the most frequent and strongest correlations with feet features occur among girls at the age of 11 and 12 years and among boys at 11, 12 and 13 years old.
Material and method. The research was carried out in the group of adolescents aged 7 to 13 and registered 16,462 observations, including 5,552 from the urban area and 10,910 from rural environment, together with 87 features describing torso and feet. The work stand for measuring selected features using the photogrammetric method consists of a computer and a card, programme, monitor, printer and a projection-receiving device with a camera.
Conclusions

The frequency of significant correlations of torso features with feet features that differentiate the rural environment from urban is greater, however, the urban area presents more frequent relationship with feet features at a different level.

Features of the frontal and transversal plane tell the rural environment apart, whereas the urban environment is only differentiated by the frontal plane.

The frequency of significant relationships of the feet features, which torso features correlate with and differentiate between the rural and urban environment is greater. Therefore, these are the morphological features that characterize the longitudinal arch of the feet. The features that differentiate the urban environment are those describing only the longitudinal arche.
Describing physical activity in public open spaces in Brazil: Active City, Healthy City Program
Authors: Silva Alice Tatiane da , Santos Letícia Pechnicki dos , Custódio Iazana Garcia , Truchym Talita Chrystoval , Crochemore-Silva Inácio , Rech Cassiano Ricardo , Lopes Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos , Rodriguez-Añez Ciro Romelio , Fermino Rogério César
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to describe the physical activity (PA) in public open spaces (POS) in a medium-sized city in Brazil. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) was applied to evaluate a representative sample of users in 10 POS which received actions from the Active City, Healthy City Program. The places were evaluated four days a week (Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday, and Sunday) at four times (8 am, 10 am, 2 pm, and 4 pm). The proportion of users by gender, age group, skin color, and PA level was compared between the POS using the chi-square test for heterogeneity in the STATA software (p<0.05). As main results, 32,768 scans were performed in 64 target areas and identified 8,634 individuals. The highest proportion of people were males (58%), adults (38%), with white skin color (97%), and in light or moderate PA (76%). Except for skin color, there was a significant difference in the proportion of all other variables between the POS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the POS was more commonly used by men, adults, and people of white skin color for light and moderate PA. Based on the results, program managers could reallocate resources to increase utilization and PA at each place.
The Hot Spot Coverage Patrol Problem: Formulations and Solution Approaches
Authors: Luo Yuchen , Golden Bruce , Zhang Rui
Published: August 2023

When designing a patrol route, it is often necessary to pay more attention to locations with high crime rates. In this paper, we study a patrol routing problem for a fleet of patrol cars patrolling a region with a high-crime neighborhood (HCN) consisting of multiple hot spots. Considering the disorder and chaos in the HCN, at least one patrol car is required in the HCN at any given time during the patrol. We call this routing problem the hot spot coverage patrol problem (HSCPP). In the HSCPP, the importance of a patrol location is quantified by a prize, and the prize is collected if a patrol car visits the location. Our objective is to maximize the sum of prizes collected by the patrol cars, obeying all operational requirements. We propose mathematical formulations and develop several solution approaches for the HSCPP. The global approach consists of finding the routing solution for all patrol cars with a single integer programming (IP) formulation. The partition approach involves first partitioning the region geographically and solving the routing problem in each subregion with two IP formulations. Next, we strengthen the partition approach by developing a column generation (CG) approach in which the initial columns of the CG approach are the solutions generated from the partition approach. We conduct a detailed computational case study using instances based on real crime data from Montgomery County, Maryland. To further understand the computational tractability of our solution approaches, we also perform a sensitivity analysis using synthetic instances under various scenarios.

History: Accepted by Erwin Pesch, Area Editor for Heuristic Search & Approximation Algorithms.

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0192 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0192 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Extension of Additive Valuations to General Valuations on the Existence of EFX
Authors: Mahara Ryoga
Published: August 2023

Envy freeness is one of the most widely studied notions in fair division. Because envy-free allocations do not always exist when items are indivisible, several relaxations have been considered. Among them, possibly the most compelling notion is envy freeness up to any item (EFX). Informally speaking, EFX requires that no agent i envies another agent j after the removal of any item in j’s bundle. The existence of EFX allocations is a major open problem. We study the existence of EFX allocations when agents have general valuations. For general valuations, it is known that an EFX allocation always exists (i) when n = 2 or (ii) when all agents have identical valuations, where n is the number of agents. It is also known that an EFX allocation always exists when one can leave at most n − 1 items unallocated. We develop new techniques and extend some results of additive valuations to general valuations on the existence of EFX allocations. We show that an EFX allocation always exists (i) when all agents have one of two general valuations or (ii) when the number of items is at most n + 3. We also show that an EFX allocation always exists when one can leave at most n − 2 items unallocated. In addition to the positive results, we construct an instance with n = 3, in which an existing approach does not work.

Funding: This work was partially supported by Kyoto University and Toyota Motor Corporation [Joint Project “Advanced Mathematical Science for Mobility Society”].
From Corridor to Network Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams: A Semi-Analytical Approximation Approach
Authors: Tilg Gabriel , Ambühl Lukas , Batista Sérgio F. A. , Menéndez Mónica , Leclercq Ludovic , Busch Fritz
Published: August 2023

The design of network-wide traffic management schemes or transport policies for urban areas requires computationally efficient traffic models. The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) is a promising tool for such applications. Unfortunately, empirical MFDs are not always available, and semi-analytical estimation methods require a reduction of the network to a corridor that introduces substantial inaccuracies. We propose a semi-analytical methodology to estimate the MFD for realistic urban networks without the information loss induced by the reduction of networks to corridors. The methodology is based on the method of cuts but applies to networks with irregular topologies, accounts for different spatial demand patterns, and determines the upper bound of network flow. Therefore, we consider both flow conservation and the effects of spillbacks at the network level. Our framework decomposes a given network into a set of corridors, creates a hypernetwork, including the impacts of source terms, and then treats the dependencies across corridors (e.g., because of turning flows and spillbacks). Based on this hypernetwork, we derive the free-flow and capacity branch of the MFD. The congested branch is estimated by considering gridlock characteristics and utilizing recent advancements in MFD research. We showcase the applicability of the proposed methodology in a case study with a realistic setting based on the Sioux Falls network. We then compare the results to the original method of cuts and a ground truth derived from the cell transmission model. This comparison reveals that our method is more than five times more accurate than the state of the art in estimating the network-wide capacity and jam density. Moreover, the results clearly indicate the MFD’s dependency on spatial demand patterns. Compared with simulation-based MFD estimation approaches, the potential of the proposed framework lies in the modeling flexibility, explanatory value, and reduced computational cost.

Funding: G. Tilg acknowledges support from the German Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport (BMDV) for the funding of the project LSS (capacity increase of urban networks). S. F. A. Batista and M. Menéndez acknowledge support from the NYUAD Center for Interacting Urban Networks (CITIES), funded by Tamkeen under the NYUAD Research Institute Award [CG001]. L. Ambühl acknowledges support from the ETH Research Grant [ETH-27 16-1] under the project name SPEED. L. Leclercq acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [Grant 646592 - MAGnUMproject].

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0402 .
Infrastructure and Poverty: State Budget Effect Analysis with Panel Model
Authors: Az Zakiyyah Nurul Azizah
Published: August 2023

The problem of poverty has an impact on various socio-economic problems such as high levels of illiteracy and unemployment, low levels of health and a bad environment. One strategy to reduce poverty can be done by building adequate infrastructure. The quality of advanced infrastructure is the main prerequisite needed by a country to accelerate its economic growth and development. This study focuses on the effect of infrastructure development that uses economic growth as a "bridge" in reducing the poverty rate that exists in Indonesia today. The contribution of this research is to find out how infrastructure budgeting affects poverty alleviation. The data used is panel data consisting of 32 provinces in Indonesia. The Fixed Effect model is the method used in this study, where the results show that the accelerated provision of priority infrastructure has a significant effect on poverty reduction. The availability of infrastructure services can encourage economic movement that reduces poverty. Partially, economic infrastructure, namely roads and clean water, has a significant effect on poverty alleviation, while social infrastructure DAU Education and DAU Health also have a significant negative effect . The results of this study have implications for the government where with the availability of adequate infrastructure it will be able to overcome poverty.
Diabetes Management and the Role of the Community Nurse: a Holistic Perspective
Authors: Ramadan Francesca
Published: August 2023

Nearly 5 million people are now living with diabetes in the UK, with many receiving treatment and management in the community. With their unique and intimate insight into patients’ lives, the community nurse is well-placed to offer support, education and advocacy to those who might be struggling to manage their condition. Francesca Ramadan explores the multiple ways in which a community nurse might facilitate a preventative, holistic and personalised approach to diabetes treatment and management.
Oral Health and Community Nursing: a Practical Guide to the Delivering Better Oral Health Toolkit for Adults
Authors: Sibanda Lwazi , Niven Victoria , Gallagher Jennifer E.
Published: August 2023

Despite being largely preventable, oral diseases are the major contributor to chronic conditions nationally and globally. If left untreated, oral diseases have many harmful effects throughout life on our patients including pain and infection, and can lead to difficulties with eating, sleeping, socialising and wellbeing. Oral health inequalities exist across our population, and particularly affect vulnerable, disadvantaged and socially excluded groups in society. Oral health is a key indicator for overall health, and is inextricably interlinked with general health. Hence, existing health messages that community nursing teams provide contribute towards oral health. Community nurses are in an established position to provide and reinforce positive oral health messages to their patients, as well as signpost to available dental services. This paper aims to support community nurses with a practical resource for key evidence-based oral health preventative advice, and input into how their patients can access dental care.
Prophylactic antibiotics for massive endoprostheses in orthopaedic oncology
Authors: Azamgarhi Tariq , Warren Simon , Fouch Sarah , Standing Joseph F. , Gerrand Craig
Published: August 2023

The recently published Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens In Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial found no benefit in extending antibiotic prophylaxis from 24 hours to five days after endoprosthetic reconstruction for lower limb bone tumours. PARITY is the first randomized controlled trial in orthopaedic oncology and is a huge step forward in understanding antibiotic prophylaxis. However, significant gaps remain, including questions around antibiotic choice, particularly in the UK, where cephalosporins are avoided due to concerns of Clostridioides difficile infection. We present a review of the evidence for antibiotic choice, dosing, and timing, and a brief description of PARITY, its implication for practice, and the remaining gaps in our understanding.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):850–856.
Worker Reproduction in the Highly Polygynous Ant Crematogaster pygmaea Forel, 1904 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Hamidi Rachid , De Biseau Jean-Christophe , Quinet Yves
Published: August 2023

In most ant species, workers have retained functional ovaries, allowing them to potentially lay viable unfertilized eggs that develop into males. Mechanisms (ex.: queen and/or worker policing) have nevertheless evolved to control worker reproduction when the queen is present. In many species with a high degree of polygyny, especially in tramp species, complete sterility of workers has evolved, presumably to “trap” them within their “worker phenotype”. Our study showed for the first time that in the highly polygynous and polydomous ant Crematogaster pygmaea, workers retained the full capacity to produce reproductive eggs in queenless colonies, with at least some of them developing in adult males. We provide evidence that worker-produced males are reproductively functional. Although most queenless colonies produced eggs, few larvae developed into pupae and adult males. We conclude that workers strongly police the worker-produced offspring, even in the queen's absence. Probable high relatedness between queens of C. pygmaea colonies and strong genetic proximity between brood and workers could force the workers in their helper, non-reproductive function even if they keep the ability to reproduce. Our observations indicate that the production of adult males and gynes in C. pygmaea is controlled by seasonal factors related to the rainy season.
Individuality with Relationality: Ahn Changho's Modern Transvaluation of Confucianism
Authors: Kwak Jun-Hyeok
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This article investigates Ahn Changho's notion of 'mutual love', the central features of which present a picture of society in which the selfish desires of free-spirited individuals can be regulated through the self-cultivation of mutual love. Specifically, first, by analyzing Ahn Changho's reconfiguration of the Confucian ideal of parent-child intimacy with mutual love, I will argue that his notion of mutual love sheds light on a hybrid imaginary of modernity that cannot be reduced to either the anti-Western rehabilitation of Confucian 'filial piety' or the pro-Western adaptation of 'individuality'. Second, scrutinizing Ahn Changho's empirical criticism of early modern Korea, which has been termed 'the absence of mutual love', it is proposed that his pragmatic vision of individuality is shaped through non-domination as an alternative to the Weberian framework of modernization in which the processes of individualization and rationalization are unduly opposed to those of cultivating a commonality in a society.
Dual-channel binary diffuser-based coherent modulation imaging
Authors: Sun Aihui , Gao Feng , Zhu Pengfei , He Xiaoliang , Jiang Zhilong , Kong Yan , Wang Shouyu , Liu Cheng
Published: August 2023

To improve the performance of binary diffuser-based coherent modulation imaging (CMI), a double-channel optical alignment was proposed. Two diffraction patterns formed by the reflection and transmission of a binary diffuser were simultaneously captured and adopted for iterative reconstruction in combination. The information involved in reflected light, not considered in the traditional single-channel optical alignment, was also reconstructed in this dual-channel binary diffuser-based coherent modulation imaging (DB-CMI). The reconstruction quality and speed were improved and verified by both numerical simulations and proof-of-principle experiments. Therefore, DB-CMI improves traditional CMI and provides a powerful tool for quantitative phase imaging.
Photonic millimeter-wave transfer with balanced dual-heterodyne phase noise detection and cancellation
Authors: Li Qi , Hu Liang , Zhang Jinbo , Chen Jianping , Wu Guiling
Published: August 2023

We report on the realization of long-haul and high-precision millimeter-wave (mm-wave) transfer through a fiber-optic link based on balanced dual-heterodyne phase noise detection. The balanced dual-heterodyne detection is achieved by detecting the fiber phase noise superimposed two intermediate frequency (IF) signals without requiring a local synchronization signal and its output is used to compensate the fiber-induced phase noise by actuating the frequency of the one optical carrier. The proposed scheme can effectively get rid of the effect of the local reference, largely simplifying the configuration at the local site. Additionally, we model and experimentally study the noise contribution coming from the out-of-band, which can be effectively suppressed to the below of the system noise floor with a fractional frequency instability of 1.9 × 10−17 at 10,000 s by designing and implementing a high-precision temperature control module with a peak-to-peak temperature fluctuation of no more than 0.002 K. We experimentally demonstrate that a 100 GHz mm-wave signal to be transmitted over a 150 km fiber-optic link can achieve the fractional frequency instabilities of less than 3.4 × 10−14 at 1 s and 3.5 × 10−17 at 10,000 s.
Optimized design and experimental study of a macroscopic mirror to achieve linear amplification of optical force-induced displacement
Authors: Gu Chunyang , Huang Siyu , Fang Fengzhou
Published: August 2023

A new thin plane mirror with an Archimedes spiral structure (Archimedes-structure thin plane mirror - ATPM) that implements an elastic support boundary is proposed in this study. An optimal structure of ATPM is developed to achieve a linear displacement response with respect to optical forces. The displacement response of the optimized ATPM is analyzed by considering the combined effects of optical force and gravity. The distribution of the optical force density is calculated based on a tilted Gaussian laser beam. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized ATPM can produce a steady-state displacement of 24.18 nm on average in a normal-gravity environment when subjected to an average optical force of 132.17 nN. When the optical force exceeds 133 nN, the nonlinearity of the displacement response of the optimized ATPM is less than 6.28%. An amplification of the optical force-induced displacement is achieved by more than 15 times compared with that for an unstructured mirror of the same size. The results of this study can assist the development of a miniaturized macroscale optical force platform based on an ATPM for practical applications including the in-situ laser power measurement and nN level force source in the atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing.
Fast bidirectional vector wave propagation method showcased on targeted noise reduction in imaging fiber bundles using 3D-printed micro optics
Authors: Wende Marco , Drozella Johannes , Herkommer Alois M.
Published: August 2023

In order to extend simulation capabilities for reflective and catadioptric 3D-printed micro optics, we present a fast bidirectional vector wave propagation method (BWPM). Contrary to established fast simulation methods like the wave propagation method (WPM), the BWPM allows for the additional consideration of reflected and backwards propagating electric fields. We study the convergence of the BWPM and investigate relevant simulation examples. Especially, the BWPM is used for evaluation of 3D-printed index matching caps (IMCs) in order to suppress back reflected light in imaging fibers, used for keyhole access endoscopy. Simulations studying the viability of IMCs are followed up with experimental investigations. We demonstrate that 3D-printed IMCs can be used to suppress noise caused by back reflected light, that otherwise would prohibit the use of imaging fibers in an epi-illumination configuration.
Lidar attenuation coefficient in the global oceans: insights from ICESat-2 mission
Authors: Lu Xiaomei , Hu Yongxiang , Omar Ali , Yang Yuekui , Vaughan Mark , Lee Zhongping , Neumann Thomas , Trepte Charles , Getzewich Brian
Published: August 2023

The attenuation coefficient of natural waters plays a significant role in our understanding of hydrology from both the oceanographic and biological point of view. The advent of near-continuous observations by sophisticated space-based lidars now offers an unprecedented opportunity to characterize attenuation coefficients over open oceans on global and regional scales. At present, however, literature reports of lidar-derived attenuation coefficient estimates (klidar, m−1) in oceanic waters are very limited. In this study, we present a global survey of klidar derived from ATLAS/ICESat-2 nighttime measurements. Our results augment the existing passive sensor ocean color data set with a new diurnal component and extend the record to now include previously unavailable polar nighttime observations. The values of ATLAS measured klidar at 532 nm are between 0.045 and 0.39 m−1 with the higher values (>0.15 m−1) correlated with coastal waters and sea ice covered oceans. The average klidar in clearest oligotrophic ocean gyres is ∼0.058 ± 0.012 m−1 at 532 nm. The results reported here demonstrate the feasibility of using ATLAS/ICESat-2 lidar measurements for global klidar studies, which will in turn provide critical insights that enable climate models to correctly describe the amount of light present under sea ice, and for heat deposition studies in the upper ocean.
Infrared bound states in the continuum: random forest method
Authors: Molokeev M. S. , Kostyukov A. S. , Ershov A. E. , Maksimov D. N. , Gerasimov V. S. , Polyutov S. P.
Published: August 2023

In this Letter, we consider optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) in the infrared range supported by an all-dielectric metasurface in the form of subwavelength dielectric grating. We apply the random forest machine learning method to predict the frequency of the BICs as dependent on the optical and geometric parameters of the metasurface. It is found that the machine learning approach outperforms the standard least square method at the size of the dataset of ≈4000 specimens. It is shown that the random forest approach can be applied for predicting the subband in the infrared spectrum into which the BIC falls. The important feature parameters that affect the BIC wavelength are identified.
Polarization manipulation on step-index composite polymer couplers for photonics circuitry
Authors: Afsary Noor , Tasnim Fariha , Rasel MD Omar Faruk , Ishigure Takaaki
Published: August 2023

In this research, a high-performance, polymer-based step-index composite coupler is designed and analyzed for integrated circuit applications, as it provides a critical tool for controlling the polarization of light, which is essential for a range of applications in optical communication systems. We examine the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials used to create the polymer-based composite beam splitter (CBS) at a 1.55 m wavelength with a step-index (SI) profile. We used the beam propagation and alternating direction implicit technique to develop and analyze the coupler. Our findings demonstrate that the suggested coupler successfully manipulates and analyzes its polarization dependency to attain a 99% output efficiency for the 50:50 splitting ratio utilizing a step-index (SI) profile. We enhanced the input intensity by about 56% for the SI profile with a 0.158 numerical aperture and a 31° input light angle. Additionally, the full width at half maximum was 4.67 and 7.74 degrees for φ=0 and 90 degrees, respectively. Without any polarization impact, we saw an excess loss of 0.014 dB, which rose to roughly 2 dB after polarization, and then fell to 0.05 dB at a 31-degree angle. Similar to the crosstalk, which was -25.06 dB without any polarization and changed to -19.77 dB at a 31-degree angle after polarization.