bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Project cost control system and enabling-factors model: PLS-SEM approach and importance-performance map analysis
Authors: Le An Thi Hoai , Sutrisna Monty
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This paper reports the developments of a project cost control system (PCCS) for construction projects to (1) measure its current level of cost control maturity, (2) examine the relationships between elements within PCCS processes and (3) identify improvement areas.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a mixed approach of descriptive analysis and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to measure the current maturity level of PCCS and evaluate the relationships between elements within PCSS to identify improvement areas. Further importance-performance matrix analysis (IPMA) of priority constructs was conducted to improve a target construct and identify the most important areas of specific actions at indicator levels. The results of IPMA revealed the contrast that has the greatest importance on the performance of others so that the recommendations can be made accordingly. Data collected in New Zealand were used to develop the research model.

Findings

This study develops structural and measurement models with the constructs including pre-control, in-control and post-control processes, enablers and their proposed interrelationships. Then, data from survey of 184 experienced project cost control team members reveal that post-control has the lowest maturity or weakest areas in the PCCS. Data analysis facilitated by PLS-SEM confirmed that all the constructs in the structural model have positive and significant relationships with each other and suggested that systematic cost analysis reports, communication, skills and experience, defining roles and responsibilities, and top management's support should be the highest priority for improving the PCCS in a more effective manner.

Originality/value

This study presents one of the earliest attempts to develop and test an integrated model that links sub-processes in PCCS and their enablers. Secondly, this research adds to the construction project management literature by empirically verifying the roles of enablers in enhancing maturity level of PCCS.
An optimization model for collaborative logistics among carriers in vehicle routing problems with cross-docking
Authors: Ghomi Vahid , Gligor David , Shokoohyar Sina , Alikhani Reza , Ghazi Nezami Farnaz
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Collaborative Logistics (CL) and merging operations are crucial strategies for reducing costs and improving service in transportation companies. This study proposes a model for optimizing efficiency in supply chain networks through inbound and outbound Collaborative Logistics implementation among the carriers in centralized, coordinated networks with cross-docking.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-integer non-linear programming model is developed to determine the optimal truck-goods assignment while gaining economies of scale through mixing multiple less-than-truckload (LTL) products with different weight-to-volume ratios. Unlike the previous studies that have considered Collaborative Logistics from the cost and profit-sharing perspective, the proposed model seeks to determine an appropriate form of Collaborative Logistics in the VRP.

Findings

This article shows that in a three-echelon supply chain consisting of a set of suppliers, a set of customers and a cross-docking terminal, partial collaboration among the inbound carriers and outbound carriers outperforms no/complete collaboration. This approach enhances the supply chain efficiency by minimizing the total transportation costs, the total transportation miles and the total number of trucks and maximizing fleet utilization. While addressing the four points, the role of collaborative logistics among the carriers was discussed. In a three-echelon SC consisting of a set of suppliers, a set of customers and a cross-docking terminal, partial collaboration among the inbound carriers and outbound carriers outperforms no/complete collaboration. Using a combination of experimental analysis and optimization process, it was recommended that managers be cautious that too much (full or complete) or no collaboration can result in SC performance deterioration.

Originality/value

The suggested approach enhances the supply chain efficiency by minimizing the total transportation costs, the total transportation miles and the total number of trucks and maximizing fleet utilization. While addressing the four points, the role of Collaborative Logistics among the carriers was discussed.
Bridging sustainability knowledge management and supply chain learning: evidence through buyer selection
Authors: Silva Minelle E. , Pereira Michele M.O. , Boffelli Albachiara
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To better understand the supplier's role in promoting supply chain sustainability (SCS), the authors investigated the learning process as it relates to sustainability knowledge. Through the lens of the knowledge-based view, they understand the shift of sustainability knowledge from rhetoric to common knowledge existent between suppliers and buyers.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study method was employed to study sustainability knowledge learning between a key global coffee supplier and its geographically dispersed buyers. The research was developed with data collected from 2019 through 2021. Interviews and secondary data were analyzed using both deductive and inductive approaches.

Findings

Results were organized to demonstrate how the supplier developed and transferred its own sustainability knowledge within supplier–buyer dyads. The authors uncovered that buyer selection was a vital strategy used to appropriate the value created to ensure SCS learning. Four learning stages were analyzed, and while the results indicated that all buyers acquired knowledge, they also showed that only four distributed it. Moreover, different levels of interpretation were identified, two of which were associated with a low level of understanding of the meaning of sustainability knowledge. In addition, the data provided little evidence of organizational memory. All links were guided by common sustainability knowledge learned through multiple learning loops between the supplier's knowledge management and buyers' SCS learning, thus boosting sustainability in the coffee supply chain.

Practical implications

A greater understanding of how sustainability knowledge is learned in supply chains helps managers develop better SCS strategies.

Originality/value

Unlike previous research, this paper illustrates that common sustainability knowledge is key to SCS implementation, which is made possible by carefully selecting buyers and by facilitating sustainability knowledge learning through two-way interactions.
Culture and innovation: a human emancipation perspective
Authors: Yeganeh Hamid
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims at offering a comprehensive thesis about the relationship between different cultural values and innovativeness.

Design/methodology/approach

Building on the human emancipation perspective and using data from Hofstede’s, Schwartz’s, and Inglehart’s cultural frameworks, the authors conduct a cross-national investigation into the effects of cultural values on national innovativeness.

Findings

The analyses show that emancipatory cultural dimensions such as rationality, secularity, self-expression, individualism, low uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, mastery and autonomy have significantly positive associations with national innovativeness. The opposing cultural values, such as traditionalism, religiosity, survival, collectivism, high uncertainty avoidance, short-term orientation, harmony and conservatism, have negative associations with national innovativeness.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by putting forward a comprehensive and theory-driven explanation of the relationship between cultural values and innovativeness, by using all of Hofstede’s, Schwartz’s and Inglehart’s dimensions, by incorporating ethnic, linguistic and religious diversities and by applying alternative measures of the national innovativeness.
Outcomes of psychological contract breach for banking employees during COVID-19 pandemic: moderating role of learned helplessness
Authors: Karani Mehta Anushree , Purohit Divyang , Trivedi Payal , Panda Rasananda
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The present study aims to understand the relationship between psychological contract breach (PCB) and outcome variables with mediation role of job stress, psychological empowerment and moderating role of learned helplessness.

Design/methodology/approach

Descriptive cross-sectional research design was deployed. Data were collected from the Indian public sector bank employees, especially from those who are regularly going to the banks even during the lockdown situation. A total of 239 respondents were contacted via online and offline method.

Findings

The authors reported that bank employees feel the breach of psychological contract which induced job stress. Further, job stress negatively impacts their psychological empowerment and psychological empowered employees exhibit increased innovative behavior and well-being. The authors also found that job stress and psychological empowerment mediated the relationship between PCB and outcome variables, and learned helplessness moderates this relationship. The current study captures the psychological response of employees during the pandemic era.

Originality/value

The study also highlights that during the pandemic, when majority of the employers have given work from home, the public sector employees were regularly going to the banks with fragile mindset. The banks' managers and HR managers can also understand that how the fulfillment of expectations is important not only for employee well-being but also for the health of the organization.
The influential role of hotel-generated content on social media
Authors: Veloso Mónica , Gomez-Suarez Monica
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to determine how hotel-generated content (HGC) on official social media accounts influences booking intention by considering the mediating role of three key constructs: user evaluations of the perceived quality of information, engagement and brand attitude.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 834 valid online questionnaires were collected to empirically test the measurement and structural model using a partial least square path modeling approach.

Findings

Although HGC does not have a direct effect on booking intention, this construct has a positive influence on both the perceived quality of information and engagement, which in turn positively influence booking intention. In addition, greater engagement generates a positive attitude, which increases booking intention.

Originality/value

This study represents a new step in understanding the influence of HGC on tourist behavior by extending research on guests’ decision-making processes and empirically demonstrating the chain of related influences that begins with HGC to promote booking intention.
Postpartum home blood pressure monitoring and lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese individuals the first year after gestational hypertension or pre‐eclampsia: A pilot feasibility trial
Authors: Hauspurg Alisse , Seely Ellen W. , Rich‐Edwards Janet , Hayduchok Christina , Bryan Samantha , Roche Andrea T. , Jeyabalan Arun , Davis Esa M. , Hart Renee , Shirriel Jada , Catov Janet
Published: January 2023

Objective

To test the feasibility of a randomised trial of home blood pressure monitoring paired with a remote lifestyle intervention (Heart Health 4 New Moms) versus home blood pressure monitoring alone versus control in individuals with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in the first year postpartum.

Design

Single‐blinded three‐arm randomised clinical trial.

Setting

Two tertiary care hospitals and a community organisation.

Population

Postpartum overweight and obese individuals with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and without pre‐pregnancy hypertension or diabetes.

Methods

We assessed the feasibility of recruitment and retention of 150 participants to study completion at 1‐year postpartum with randomisation 1:1:1 into each arm. Secondary aims were to test effects of the interventions on weight, blood pressure and self‐efficacy.

Results

Over 23 months, we enrolled 148 of 400 eligible, screened individuals (37%); 28% black or other race and mean pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 33.4 ± 6.7 kg/m2. In total, 129 (87%) participants completed the 1‐year postpartum study visit. Overall, 22% of participants developed stage 2 hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg or on anti‐hypertensive medications) by 1 year postpartum. There were no differences in weight or self‐efficacy across the study arms.

Conclusion

In this pilot, randomised trial, we demonstrate feasibility of HBPM paired with a lifestyle intervention in the first year postpartum. We detected high rates of ongoing hypertension, emphasising the need for the development of effective interventions in this population.
Serial plotting of symphysis–fundal height and estimated fetal weight to improve the antenatal detection of infants small for gestational age: A cluster randomised trial
Authors: Ego Anne , Monier Isabelle , Vilotitch Antoine , Kayem Gilles , Vayssiere Christophe , Verspyck Eric , Zeitlin Jennifer ,   for the HPAG (Hauteur utérine et Petit poids pour l'Age Gestationnel) Study Group and the Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie (GROG)
Published: January 2023

Objective

To assess whether standardised longitudinal reporting of growth monitoring information improves antenatal detection of infants who are small for gestational age (SGA), compared with usual care.

Design

Cluster‐randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Sixteen French level‐3 units in 2018–2019.

Population

Singleton pregnancies.

Methods

The intervention consisted of the serial plotting of symphysis–fundal height (SFH) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) measurements on customised growth charts using a software program, compared with standard antenatal care. We estimated relative risks (RR) adjusted for known risk factors for fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome was antenatal detection of FGR among SGA births (with birthweights below the tenth centile of French customised curves), defined as the mention of suspected FGR in medical records and either referral ultrasounds for growth monitoring or indicated delivery for FGR. Secondary outcomes were false‐positive rates, mode of delivery, perinatal morbidity and mortality, and number of antenatal visits and ultrasounds.

Results

In total, seven intervention clusters (n = 4349) and eight control clusters (n = 4943) were analysed, after the exclusion of one intervention centre for a major deviation in protocol. SGA births represented 613 (14.1%) and 626 (12.7%) of all births, respectively. The rates of antenatal detection of FGR among SGA births were 40.0% in the intervention arm versus 37.1% in the control arm (crude RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.87–1.34; adj RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.88–1.35). No benefits of the intervention were detected in the analyses of secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

Serial plotting of SFH and EFW measurements on customised growth charts did not improve the antenatal detection of FGR among SGA births.
The economic effects of real estate investors
Authors: Garriga Carlos , Gete Pedro , Tsouderou Athena
Published: January 2023

We show five new results about small‐ and medium‐sized real estate investors (SMREI) who participate through legal entities in US housing markets. First, SMREI have the largest growth across all cities post Great Recession, in contrast to Wall Street Landlords who concentrate in superstar cities. Second, SMREI increase house price growth and price‐to‐income ratio, especially in the bottom price tier. Third, this effect is reversed as investors trigger a medium‐run supply response. Fourth, in areas with a high supply elasticity, SMREI affect rents more than prices. Finally, SMREI change the composition of the housing stock in favor of multifamily units.
Old age and EGFR mutation status in inoperable early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer patients receiving stereotactic ablative radiotherapy: A single institute experience of 71 patients in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Yuan‐Hung , Kang Yu‐Mei , Hu Yu‐Wen , Lan Keng‐Li , Yen Sang‐Hue , Lai Tzu‐Yu , Lan Tien‐Li , Chen Yuh‐Min , Chiu Chao‐Hua , Luo Yung‐Hung , Chao Heng‐sheng , Chiang Chi‐Lu , Shiao Tsu‐Hui , Yang Chao‐Neng , Hsu Wen‐Hu , Wu Yu‐Chung , Hsu Han‐Shui , Hung Jung‐Jyh , Huang Chien‐Sheng , Hsu Po‐Kuei , Chen Yi‐Wei
Published: January 2023

Background

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is now the standard of care for patients with inoperable early‐stage lung cancer. Many of these patients are elderly. EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutation is also common in the Asian population.

Methods

To evaluate the effects of old age and EGFR mutation on treatment outcomes and toxicity, we reviewed the medical records of 71 consecutive patients with inoperable early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received SABR at Taipei Veterans General Hospital between 2015 and 2021.

Results

The study revealed that median age, follow‐up, Charlson comorbidity index, and ECOG score were 80 years, 2.48 years, 3, and 1, respectively. Of these patients, 37 (52.1%) were 80 years or older, and 50 (70.4%) and 21 (29.6%) had T1 and T2 diseases, respectively. EGFR mutation status was available for 33 (46.5%) patients, of whom 16 (51.5%) had a mutation. The overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 97.2, 74.9, and 58.3%, respectively. The local control rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 97.1, 92.5, and 92.5%, respectively. Using Cox proportional hazards regression we found that male sex was a risk factor for overall survival (p = 0.036, 95% CI: 1.118–26.188). Two patients had grade 2 pneumonitis, but no other grade 2 or higher toxicity was observed. We did not find any significant differences in treatment outcomes or toxicity between patients aged 80 or older and those with EGFR mutations in this cohort.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that age and EGFR mutation status do not significantly affect the effectiveness or toxicity of SABR for patients with inoperable early‐stage NSCLC.
Photosynthetic characteristics of the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata and other co‐occurring species in KwaZulu‐Natal
Authors: Naidoo Kubendran Kista , Naidoo Gonasageran
Published: January 2023

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that photosynthetic characteristics contributed to the success and spread of the invasive, C3 perennial weed, Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. Measurements of gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and water relations parameters were taken in summer and winter, as well as in sun and shade plants. Typically, diurnal CO2 exchange increased from dawn to a mid‐morning maximum between 10:00 h and 11:00 h, and thereafter decreased gradually for the rest of the day. Light response curves indicated saturation of CO2 uptake and electron transport rate (ETR) through Photosystem II (PSII) at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) ≥1800 μmol m−2 s−1. Maximal CO2 exchange was 15.64 ± 0.87 (±SE) in summer and 13.15 ± 0.26 μmol m−2 s−1 in winter. Leaf conductance (g), CO2 uptake (A) and transpiration (E) followed trends similar to those for PPFD. Leaf water potential (Ψ) and water use efficiency (WUE) declined from the predawn maximum values to a minimum at midday and thereafter recovered at dusk. Diurnal trends in actual quantum yield (ΦPSII) and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) decreased from dawn to a minimum at midday, followed by complete recovery at dusk. The relationship between A and g, and A and ETR was linear. Trends in A, ΦPSII and ETR through PSII were tightly coupled to those of incident PPFD. Efficient light utilisation is achieved through modifying plastic traits such as leaf size, specific leaf area and chlorophyll content. Chromolaena is a facultative shade‐tolerant weed that exhibits superior light utilisation to maximise carbon gain, while efficient photoprotective mechanisms minimise photoinhibition and photodamage to the photosystems. These adaptive architectural and physiological strategies may probably confer competitive advantage over other species.
Human impacts on mammal communities in Rio Campo Nature Reserve, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: DeGroot Tiff L. , Wolfe Jared D. , Powell Luke L. , Esono Fidel , Ebana Agustín , Barrientos Christian , Torrent Laura , Brzeski Kristin E.
Published: January 2023

Equatorial Guinea in central Africa hosts rich biodiversity and a network of protected areas (PAs). However, infrastructure development has facilitated access to previously remote forests. This has likely increased poaching in PAs, thereby complicating efforts of agencies tasked with protecting threatened mammals. Reserva Natural de Río Campo (RNRC) in Equatorial Guinea was previously identified as a priority area for large mammals due to the presence of elephants and great apes and includes habitat for a diverse mammal community of commonly hunted species. To assess mammalian diversity in RNRC, we conducted a camera trap survey in 2017 and 2019. We used a two‐step modelling approach to quantify environmental and anthropogenic factors influencing mammal groups. We detected 32 terrestrial mammal species, including endangered forest elephant, western gorilla, chimpanzee, giant pangolin and white‐bellied pangolin. We found bushbuck and sitatunga closer to human‐dominated areas, while other common species were, in general, further from development. Monkey and pangolin abundance increased inward from the RNRC boundary. Endangered species appear restricted to northeast RNRC which connects to Campo Ma'an National Park in Cameroon. We recommend using our inventory and distributions of threatened mammals as starting points to determine effectiveness of future anti‐poaching and management strategies on mammal populations.
A 20‐million‐year Early Jurassic cyclostratigraphic record and its implications for the chaotic inner Solar System and sea‐level changes
Authors: Charbonnier Guillaume , Boulila Slah , Galbrun Bruno , Laskar Jacques , Gardin Silvia , Rouget Isabelle
Published: January 2023

We present high‐resolution (every 2 cm) magnetic susceptibility (MS) data from the Sancerre‐Couy drill core (Paris Basin), spanning the latest Sinemurian to the earliest Aalenian (Early Jurassic). This record allows to build a 20‐million‐year cyclostratigraphic interval using the stable 405 kyr (g2–g5) orbital eccentricity cycle and to focus on long‐period cyclicities and their potential implications for the chaotic diffusion in the inner Solar System and sea‐level changes. Time series analysis indicates evidence of two long‐period cyclicities of 1.6 and 3.4 Myr. These Early Jurassic cyclicities likely correspond to the Cenozoic orbital cyclicities of 2.4 Myr (g4–g3) and 4.7 Myr eccentricity terms. Shortening of eccentricity terms during the Early Jurassic is potentially related to the chaotic orbital motion of the inner planets expressed in the resonant argument θ = 2(g4–g3) − (s4–s3). The 1.6 Myr (g4–g3) cycle matches the third‐order eustatic sequences, whereas the 3.4 Myr cycle has no equivalent in the reference eustatic chart. These cycles of several million years are superimposed a cyclicity of ca. 7.5 Myr, which may correspond to the eccentricity term of 9.5 Myr, previously detected in the Cenozoic. Such cyclicity matches the global, ‘shorter’ second‐order sea‐level sequences and is strongly documented in the sedimentological and mineralogical proxy data, hence supporting the potential key role of orbitally paced climate and sea‐level changes at this timescale.
The intersections of race, immigrant status, and university confirmations in Toronto
Authors: Malette Nicole , Robson Karen
Published: January 2023

Although the number of students attending university has been steadily increasing over the past 20 years, discrepancies remain across racialized student groups. Students who immigrate to Canada also face a number of barriers to university participation. However, few studies investigate variations in university participation across racialized immigrant student groups. We draw on an intersectional approach to analyze student data from the Toronto District School Board. We employ multilevel logistic regression to examine if there are interactive effects of being both racialized and having an immigrant status on confirming a university enrollment. Looking at self‐identified race and immigrant status of students in combination reveals that there are important differences in the likelihood of confirming and offer of university admission between several self‐identified racial categories, depending on if they were foreign‐born.
Exploring ethnic differences in post‐discharge patterns of surgical care for older adults admitted with diverticulitis
Authors: Tong Jason K. C. , Mascuilli Tory , Wirtalla Christopher , Aarons Cary B. , Saur Nicole M. , Mahmoud Najjia N. , Kelz Rachel R.
Published: January 2023

Aim

We aimed to evaluate ethnic differences in patterns of care following an index nonoperative admission for acute diverticulitis amongst a universally insured patient cohort.

Methods

We identified nationwide Medicare beneficiaries aged 65.5 years or older hospitalized between 1 July 2015 and 1 November 2017 for nonoperative management of an index admission for diverticulitis. Patients were followed for 1 year to examine patterns of care. Primary categorical outcomes included receipt of an elective operation, emergency operation, nonoperative readmission or no further hospitalizations for diverticulitis. Multinomial regression was performed to determine the association between ethnicity and receipt of each primary outcome category whilst adjusting for potential confounders. We examined the use of percutaneous drainage during the index admission to better understand its association with subsequent care patterns.

Results

Amongst 22 630 study patients, subsequent operative treatment was less common for Black, Hispanic, Asian and American Indian patients relative to White patients. Multinomial logistic regression noted that Black (relative risk 0.40; 95% CI 0.32–0.50) and Asian (relative risk 0.37; 95% CI 0.15–0.91) patients were associated with the lowest relative risk of undergoing an elective interval operation compared to White patients. Black patients were also associated with a 1.43 (95% CI 1.19–1.73) increased risk of requiring subsequent nonoperative readmissions for disease recurrence compared to White patients. The use of percutaneous drainage was higher amongst White patients relative to Black patients (6.9% vs. 4.0%, P value < 0.001).

Conclusion

We have identified ongoing inequities in the consumption of medical resources, with White patients being more likely to undergo elective colectomy and percutaneous drainage. Differences in care are not fully alleviated by equal access to insurance.
The risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with T2 colon cancer
Authors: Hartwig Morten F. , Slumstrup Lasse , Fiehn Anne‐Marie Kanstrup , Gögenur Ismail
Published: January 2023

Aim

It is often safe to treat pT1 tumours with local resection due to the low risk of lymph node metastasis. The risk of lymph node metastasis in pT2 colon cancer is less well investigated. The recommendation for patients diagnosed with T2 colon cancer is a segmental resection including regional lymph nodes. The aim of this work was to determine the risk of lymph node metastasis in pT2 colon cancer and identify the possible associated clinical and pathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis.

Method

PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for studies describing patients with T2 colon cancer and lymph node status after histopathological assessment. Lymph node metastasis and the effect of histological and clinical factors were included.

Results

Overall, 5489 studies were screened, and 10 studies consisting of a total of 91 460 patients were included in the review. The overall risk of lymph node metastasis was 19.3% (95% confidence interval 19.0%–19.5%). A meta‐analysis was not possible as very few studies described the clinical and pathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion

The risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with pT2 colon cancers is higher than for pT1. The studies included patients operated on from 1985 to 2015 with variations in surgical procedure, pathological handling, and definition of lymph node metastasis. Further studies reporting risk factors for lymph node metastasis in pT2 colon cancer are warranted as more data are needed to determine if local resection for a subgroup of patients could be an alternative treatment modality.
Long‐term cost‐effectiveness analysis of tirzepatide versus semaglutide 1.0 mg for the management of type 2 diabetes in the United States
Authors: Valentine William J. , Hoog Meredith , Mody Reema , Belger Mark , Pollock Richard
Published: January 2023

Aim

To evaluate the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of tirzepatide (5, 10 and 15 mg doses), a novel glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist, versus semaglutide 1.0 mg, an injectable glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, based on the results of the head‐to‐head SURPASS‐2 trial, from a US healthcare payer perspective.

Materials and Methods

The PRIME Type 2 Diabetes Model was used to make projections of clinical and cost outcomes over a 50‐year time horizon. Baseline cohort characteristics, treatment effects and adverse event rates were derived from the 40‐week SURPASS‐2 trial. Intensification to insulin therapy occurred when HbA1c reached 7.5%, in line with American Diabetes Association recommendations. Direct costs in 2021 US dollars (US$) and health state utilities were derived from published sources. Future costs and clinical benefits were discounted at 3% annually.

Results

All three doses of tirzepatide were associated with lower diabetes‐related complication rates, improved life expectancy, improved quality‐adjusted life expectancy and higher direct costs versus semaglutide. This resulted in incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios of US$ 75 803, 58 908 and 48 785 per quality‐adjusted life year gained for tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg, respectively, versus semaglutide. Tirzepatide remained cost‐effective versus semaglutide over a range of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Long‐term projections based on the SURPASS‐2 trial results indicate that 5, 10 and 15 mg doses of tirzepatide are likely to be cost‐effective versus semaglutide 1.0 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the United States.
When type II diabetes mellitus meets COVID‐19—Identification of the shared gene signatures and biological mechanism between the two diseases
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Ding JiPeng , Liang Zuowen , Cui Xiaoli , He Kan , Chen Li , Li Jing
Published: January 2023

Background

According to current studies, more than 20% of all patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 globally have diabetes. Further, the mortality rate of these patients is 7.3%. Compared with non‐diabetic COVID‐19 patients, diabetic COVID‐19 patients have higher rates of mortality and severe infection, suggesting that diabetes is associated with the severity of COVID‐19 infection. This study aimed to analyse the relationship and susceptibility factors between COVID‐19 and T2DM.

Methods

Using bioinformatics methods, potential targets for COVID‐19 and T2DM were screened from GeneCards database. Potential targets of COVID‐19 and T2DM were mapped to each other to identify overlapping targets, and a PPI network was constructed to extract the core target. The clusterProfiler package in R was used to analyse the function and pathway that core target involved. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were used to elucidate the correlation between COVID‐19 and T2DM.

Results

A total of 277 potential pathogenic targets of COVID‐19 were found, 282 potential targets were found for T2DM. Mapping of the potential COVID‐19 and T2DM targets revealed 53 overlapping targets, with TNF as the core target. IL‐17 signalling pathway was the most significant KEGG pathway involving TNF.

Conclusions

The inflammatory cytokine, TNF, was identified as a core target between COVID‐19 and T2DM, which induces inflammatory response mainly through the IL‐17 signalling pathway, leading to aggravation of infection and increased difficulty in blood glucose control. This study provides a reference for further exploring the potential correlation and endogenous mechanisms between two seemingly independent and unrelated diseases—T2DM and COVID‐19.
Decrease in faeces removal and soil bioturbation by dung beetles in genetically modified maize plantations in southern Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Luiz Fernando , Lovato Paulo Emilio , Hernández Malva Isabel Medina
Published: January 2023

Ecosystem functions are the product of the interaction between living and non‐living components, providing goods and services that satisfy the needs of humans and other organisms, directly or indirectly. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) contribute to soil improvement through their feeding and reproductive behaviour by removing and burying faeces and thus participating in processes associated with nutrient cycling. Our aim was to investigate the structure of the community of beetles, biomass, and the ecosystem functions performed by them in maize plantations on five farms with GM maize, five with unmodified hybrids, and five with landrace (traditional) maize. We measured faecal removal, soil bioturbation, richness, abundance, and biomass of the dung beetle community. Arenas to quantify functions were installed to measure faeces' burial and the soil turned over by dung beetles. After measuring the functions, beetles were sampled with baited pitfall traps installed at the same sampling points. Ground cover was measured at all sites. Further, nesting houses were installed on each field to check for nesting inside the plantations. We recorded a total of 198 dung beetles belonging to 18 species. The lowest abundance occurred in GM maize plantations, and the highest abundance was found in conventional maize plantations. Dung beetle nesting activity was higher in landrace maize crops. Faeces removal and soil bioturbation had lower values in GM maize fields, mainly due to a decrease in large paracoprids (tunnelers), which are responsible for most ecosystem functions.
High risk of infection in ‘real‐world’ patients receiving ibrutinib, idelalisib or venetoclax for mature B‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma
Authors: Tey Amanda , Schwarer James , Raffa Robert , Shi Emily , Paul Eldho , Opat Stephen , Dendle Claire , Shortt Jake
Published: January 2023

Objective

The infection risk in patients receiving ibrutinib, idelalisib or venetoclax for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) or B‐cell lymphoma treated outside of clinical trials is incompletely defined. We sought to identify the severe infection rate and associated risk factors in a ‘real‐world’ cohort.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with CLL or lymphoma treated with ibrutinib, idelalisib or venetoclax.

Results

Of 67 patients identified (ibrutinib n = 53, idelalisib n = 8 and venetoclax n = 6), 32 (48%) experienced severe infection. Severe infection occurred at a rate of 65 infections per 100 person‐years, with a median of 17.8 months of therapy. Median time to first infection (IQR) was 5.4 months (1.4–15.9). Poor baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status and high Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score associated with increased risk of severe infection [hazard ratios (95% CI) 1.57 (1.07–2.31, p = .018) and 1.3 (1.05–1.62, p = .016) respectively].

Conclusion

The severe infection rate for patients receiving ibrutinib, idelalisib or venetoclax for lymphoma and CLL exceeded those reported in clinical trials. Patients with poor ECOG or high CCI should be closely monitored for early signs of infection and prevention strategies actively pursued. Further prospective research is required to define optimal antimicrobial prophylaxis recommendations.
Age‐related behavioural and striatal dysfunctions in Shank3ΔC/ΔC mouse model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Thabault Mathieu , Turpin Valentine , Balado Éric , Fernandes‐Gomes Cloé , Huot Anne‐Lise , Cantereau Anne , Fernagut Pierre‐Olivier , Jaber Mohamed , Galvan Laurie
Published: January 2023

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are defined as a set of neurodevelopmental disorders and a lifelong condition. In mice, most of the studies focused on the developmental aspects of these diseases. In this paper, we examined the evolution of motor stereotypies through adulthood in the Shank3ΔC/ΔC mouse model of ASD, and their underlying striatal alterations, at 10 weeks, 20 weeks, and 40 weeks. We highlighted that motor stereotypies worsened at 40 weeks possibly carried by earlier striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN) alterations in GABAergic transmission and morphology. Moreover, we report that 20 weeks could be a critical time‐point in the striatal‐related ASD physiopathology, and we suggest that MSN alterations may not be the direct consequence of developmental issues, but rather be a consequence of other impairments occurring earlier.
A core outcome set for childhood epilepsy treated with ketogenic diet therapy (CORE‐KDT study): International parent and health professional consensus
Authors: Carroll Jennifer H. , Cross J. Helen , Hickson Mary , Williams Emma , Aldridge Val , Collinson Avril
Published: January 2023

Objective

Ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) can result in benefits (seizure‐related and non‐seizure‐related) for children with drug‐resistant epilepsy. However, clinical trials report a wide range of outcomes, making synthesis of evidence difficult, and do not adequately reflect parent views on important outcomes for their child. To address this, we established the first international parent, health professional, and researcher consensus to develop a core outcome set, guided by the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative (COMET registration #1116).

Methods

Ethical approval was granted (London–Surrey REC19/LO/1680). A scoping review and interviews with parents identified a comprehensive list of potentially important outcomes, followed by a two‐round online Delphi survey of parents and health professionals to prioritize outcomes of importance for inclusion in a core outcome set. This informed a stakeholder consensus meeting and consultation process to finalize the core outcome set.

Results

In total, 97 outcomes were identified; 90 from the scoping review and seven from parent interviews. These were rationalized to 77 by the study advisory group, then rated in the first Delphi round by 49 parents and 96 health professionals, who suggested 12 new outcomes for rating in Round 2. Sixty‐six percent of participants (30 parents and 66 professionals) completed Round 2, where 22 outcomes met criteria for inclusion. In the consensus meeting (nine parents and 13 professionals), 27 undecided outcomes were discussed and scored; one further outcome reached consensus for inclusion. After consultation and ratification, 14 outcomes across five domains were included in the core outcome set.

Significance

A core outcome set for childhood epilepsy treated with KDT has been developed, incorporating the views of international parents and professionals. Implementation in research and clinical settings will standardize outcome selection and reporting, facilitate data synthesis, and ultimately enhance the relevance of outcomes to parents, researchers, and health professionals.
Residency differences between fathers with and without disabilities in the United States
Authors: Namkung Eun Ha , Mitra Monika
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study examines the residential status of fathers by disability status. We also explore whether paternal residency varies by different types of disability.

Background

Earlier studies have found that racial and ethnic minority fathers and those of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to live apart from their children. However, the residency status of fathers with disabilities is not well understood.

Methods

We used data from the 2011–2019 National Survey of Family Growth (N = 6,477). Multinomial regression models estimated the odds ratios of paternal residency by disability status and type of disability, net of covariates.

Results

Disabled fathers were more likely to live apart from at least some of their children than nondisabled fathers, but the disparities were significant only for those with multiple disabilities (two or more types of disabilities) after adjusting for socioeconomic covariates. The higher likelihood of living apart from their children was particularly evident for fathers with cognitive and independent living disabilities.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the importance of providing social and community supports and economic resources for the residential status of disabled fathers. Further research is needed to better understand the unobserved, underlying risk factors of their nonresidential status.

Implications

The findings highlight the importance of including disabled fathers in fatherhood programs.
Role of angiotensin receptor blockers in the context of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kuber Binal , Fadnavis Mitisha , Chatterjee Bappaditya
Published: January 2023

As the world's population ages, the prevalence of age‐related neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing. There is currently no treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and the few approved medications have a low success rate in lowering symptoms. As a result, several attempts are underway worldwide to identify new targets for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. In preclinical studies of Alzheimer's disease, it was recently found that inhibition of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and blocking of the angiotensin II receptors reduce symptoms of neurodegeneration, Aβ plaque development, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Angiotensin II type I (AT1) blockers, such as telmisartan, candesartan, valsartan, and others, have a wide safety margin and are commonly used to treat hypertension. Renal and cardiovascular failures are reduced due to their vascular protective actions. Inhibition of AT1 receptors in the brain has a neuroprotective impact in humans, reducing the risk of stroke, increasing cognition, and slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The review focuses on the mechanisms via which AT1 blockers may act beneficially in Alzheimer's disease. Although their effect is evident in preclinical studies, clinical trials, on the other hand, are in short supply to validate the strategy. More dose–response experiments with possible AT1 blockers and brain‐targeted administration will be needed in the future.
Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes
Authors: Zuccarini Paolo , Sardans Jordi , Asensio Loles , Peñuelas Josep
Published: January 2023

Soil enzymes are crucial in mediating ecosystems' responses to environmental drivers, so that the comprehension of their sensitivity to drivers of global change can help make predictions of future scenarios and design tailored interventions of biomanipulation. Drivers of global change usually act in combination of two or more, and indirect effects of one driver acting through modification of another one often occur, yet most of both manipulative and meta‐analysis studies available tend to focus on the direct effect of one single driver on the activity of specific soil enzymes. One of the biggest challenges is, therefore, represented by the difficulty in assessing the interactions between different drivers, due to the complexity of disentangling the single direct effects from the indirect and combined ones. In this review, after elucidating the general mechanisms of soil enzyme production and activity regulation, we display the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on direct, indirect and combined effects of the main drivers of global change on soil enzyme activities, identify gaps in knowledge and challenges from research, plus we analyse how this can reverberate in the future of biomanipulation techniques for the improvement of ecosystem services. We conclude that qualitative but not quantitative outcomes can be predicted for some interactions such as warming + drought or warming + CO2, while for other ones, the results are controversial: future basic research will have to center on this holistic approach. A general trend toward the overall increase of soil enzyme activities and acceleration of biogeochemical cycles will persist, until an inflection will be caused by factors such as future shifts in microbial communities and changes in carbon use efficiency. Applied research will develop toward the refinement of “in situ” analytical systems for the study of soil enzyme activities and the support of bioengineering for the better tailoring of interventions of biomanipulation.
Higher density swards have a higher load bearing capacity
Authors: Janssen Pedro W. L. , Hoekstra Nyncke J. , van Eekeren Nick
Published: January 2023

Increasing the water table is an important pathway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from peaty soils. In order to continue utilizing grasslands on these soils, methods to increase load bearing capacity at a higher water table are sought. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of sward density on load bearing capacity, measured as both penetration resistance and the newly developed method measuring load bearing capacity through impact depth. Simultaneously, a new method to measure load bearing capacity through impact depth was developed. The study was conducted between 2018 and 2020 on 14 different farms in the western peat meadow district in the Netherlands, where the sward density measured with the point quadrat method ranged from 24% to 92%. Swards with a higher sward density showed a higher load bearing capacity than swards with a lower density. In a modelling approach an increase from 30% sward density to 90% sward density could result in a lengthening of the grazing season between three (11%) and six weeks (22%), depending on the soil moisture conditions. Load bearing capacity was also highly correlated with gravimetric soil moisture content as wetter conditions lowered load bearing capacity. In order to capture load bearing capacity more accurately a new measurement device was constructed which represents treading cattle. Both output (impact depth) and method (resembles cow hoof) are close to practice, which makes it a very suitable method allowing for easy interpretation by farmers.