bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patent foramen ovale closure: A prospective UK registry linked to hospital episode statistics
Authors: Willits Iain , Keltie Kim , Henderson Robert , de Belder Mark , Linker Nicholas , Patrick Hannah , Powell Helen , Berry Lee , Urwin Samuel , Cole Helen , Sims Andrew J.
Published: July 2022

Aims

PFO closure is a percutaneous intervention, which aims to reduce risk of recurrent stroke by preventing paradoxical embolism. The objective of this study was to measure procedural safety and longer-term effectiveness of PFO closure in a UK setting.

Methods and results

Prospective registry data from patients with cryptogenic stroke eligible for PFO closure were collected for up to 2 years and linked to routine data sources for additional follow-up. Outcomes of interest included procedural success rate, health related quality of life, and longer-term death and neurological event rates.

A total of 973 PFO closure procedures in 971 patients were included in analysis. Successful device implantation was achieved in 99.4 [95% CI 98.6 to 99.8]% of procedures, with one in-hospital death. During median follow-up of 758 (Q1:Q3 527:968) days, 33 patients experienced a subsequent neurological event, 76% of which were ischaemic in origin. Neurological event rate was 2.7 [95%CI 1.6 to 3.9]% at 1-year (n = 751) and 4.1 [95% CI 2.6 to 5.5]% at 2-years (n = 463) using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Improvements in patient quality of life (utility and visual analogue scale) were observed at 6-weeks and 6-months follow-up.

Conclusion

Our observational study demonstrates that PFO closure for prevention of recurrent stroke is a relatively safe procedure but in routine clinical practice is associated with a slightly higher risk of recurrent neurological events than in randomised trials. We hypothesize that our study enrolled unselected patients with higher baseline risk, who were excluded from randomised trials, but who may benefit from a similar relative reduction in risk from the intervention.
Enrichment of circulating trophoblasts from maternal blood using filtration-based Metacell® technology
Authors: Weymaere Jana , Vander Plaetsen Ann-Sophie , Van Den Branden Yasmine , Pospisilova Eliska , Tytgat Olivier , Deforce Dieter , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip
Published: July 2022

In a cell-based non-invasive prenatal test (cbNIPT), intact circulating trophoblasts (CTs) are isolated from maternal blood for subsequent genetic analysis. Enrichment of these CTs from maternal blood is the most challenging step in the cbNIPT workflow. This study aims to assess the suitability of the filtration-based Metacell® technology to enrich CTs from maternal blood at week 10 to 13 of gestation. The Metacell® technology is a novel size-based enrichment technology that combines blood filtration through 8 μm pores with an in vitro culture method. Three protocols were evaluated. First, 8 mL or 16 mL of maternal blood was filtered and subsequently cultured in vitro on the separation membrane for 3 days in RPMI 1640. In addition, 16 mL of maternal blood was filtered, and immediately processed without further culturing. Y-chromosome-specific qPCR or STR analysis was performed to evaluate the enrichment of CTs. A total of 44 samples from pregnant women, out of which 26 were carrying a male fetus, were processed. Although five enriched male fetus samples show detectable male DNA quantities, it cannot be excluded that the obtained positive signal is caused by cell-free fetal DNA sticking to the Metacell® separation membrane. In conclusion, the Metacell® technology, tested as described, is not suitable for consistent enrichment of CTs.
A QUBO formulation for top-τ eigencentrality nodes
Authors: Akrobotu Prosper D. , James Tamsin E. , Negre Christian F. A. , Mniszewski Susan M.
Published: July 2022

The efficient calculation of the centrality or “hierarchy” of nodes in a network has gained great relevance in recent years due to the generation of large amounts of data. The eigenvector centrality (aka eigencentrality) is quickly becoming a good metric for centrality due to both its simplicity and fidelity. In this work we lay the foundations for solving the eigencentrality problem of ranking the importance of the nodes of a network with scores from the eigenvector of the network, using quantum computational paradigms such as quantum annealing and gate-based quantum computing. The problem is reformulated as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) that can be solved on both quantum architectures. The results focus on correctly identifying a given number of the most important nodes in numerous networks given by the sparse vector solution of our QUBO formulation of the problem of identifying the top-τhighest eigencentrality nodes in a network on both the D-Wave and IBM quantum computers.
The effect of levocarnitine supplementation on dialysis-related hypotension: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Chewcharat Api , Chewcharat Pol , Liu Weitao , Cellini Jacqueline , Phipps Elizabeth A. , Melendez Young Jill A. , Nigwekar Sagar U.
Published: July 2022

Background

Dialysis patients have been shown to have low serum carnitine due to poor nutrition, deprivation of endogenous synthesis from kidneys, and removal by hemodialysis. Carnitine deficiency leads to impaired cardiac function and dialysis-related hypotension which are associated with increased mortality. Supplementing with levocarnitine among hemodialysis patients may diminish incidence of intradialytic hypotension. Data on this topic, however, lacks consensus.

Methods

We conducted electronic searches in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1960 to 19th November 2021 to identify randomized controlled studies (RCTs), which examined the effects of oral or intravenous levocarnitine (L-carnitine) on dialysis-related hypotension among hemodialysis patients. The secondary outcome was muscle cramps. Study results were pooled and analyzed utilizing the random-effects model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to assess the strength of current evidence.

Results

Eight trials with 224 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Compared to control group, L-carnitine reduced the incidence of dialysis-related hypotension among hemodialysis patients (pooled OR = 0.26, 95% CI [0.10–0.72], p = 0.01, I2 = 76.0%). TSA demonstrated that the evidence was sufficient to conclude the finding. Five studies with 147 participants showed a reduction in the incidence of muscle cramps with L-carnitine group (pooled OR = 0.22, 95% CI [0.06–0.81], p = 0.02, I2 = 74.7%). However, TSA suggested that further high-quality studies were required. Subgroup analysis on the route of supplementation revealed that only oral but not intravenous L-carnitine significantly reduced dialysis-related hypotension. Regarding dose and duration of L-carnitine supplementation, the dose > 4,200 mg/week and duration of at least 12 weeks appeared to prevent dialysis-related hypotension.

Conclusion

Supplementing oral L-carnitine for at least three months above 4,200 mg/week helps prevent dialysis-related hypotension. L-carnitine supplementation may ameliorate muscle cramps. Further well-powered studies are required to conclude this benefit.
Exploring the trend in religious diversity: Based on the geographical perspective
Authors: Lin Xiaobiao , Chen Qinghe , Wei Luyao , Lu Yuqi , Chen Yu , He Zhichao
Published: July 2022

The formation and development of religious diversity is a manifestation of the free expression of human thought, belief, and practice, as well as a historical premise and ideological condition for the gradual recognition and integration of modern religions into modern political values. This study examines the spatial characteristics of the development of the global religious diversity index (RDI) and the evolution trend through a geographical perspective by the LISA space-time transition and convergence test. The results show that: (1) At the temporal level, RDI showed a fast and then slow increase after WWII, with an increase of 61.11%. (2) At the spatial level, Latin America has seen the most significant increase in RDI, followed by Europe, North America and the Caribbean, while Asia has a slight decrease. (3) At the country level, most countries with the highest levels of RDI are located in North America and the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, and most of these countries have a history of being colonized. RDI was mainly influenced by factors such as the missionary effect in the colonial period, precipitation, GDP per capita, and genetic diversity. (4) The evolution of the spatial structure of global RDI has a certain path-dependent, but this trend is gradually weakening. In addition to countries’ own development, RDI is also influenced by spillover effects from the neighboring countries. (5) There is a significant σ convergence and absolute β convergence in the global RDI, and most of the continental units have club convergence, i.e., the internal differences in RDI levels at the global and regional levels are gradually narrowing, and there is a spillover effect of higher RDI levels to the surrounding lower regions, and this diffusion or influence allows the lower regions to catch up in the gap of RDI.
SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins fail to activate human dendritic cells or γδ T cells
Authors: Singh Kiran , Cogan Sita , Elekes Stefan , Murphy Dearbhla M. , Cummins Sinead , Curran Rory , Najda Zaneta , Dunne Margaret R. , Jameson Gráinne , Gargan Siobhan , Martin Seamus , Long Aideen , Doherty Derek G.
Published: July 2022

γδ T cells are thought to contribute to immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the mechanisms by which they are activated by the virus are unknown. Using flow cytometry, we investigated if the two most abundant viral structural proteins, spike and nucleocapsid, can activate human γδ T cell subsets, directly or in the presence of dendritic cells (DC). Both proteins failed to induce interferon-γ production by Vδ1 or Vδ2 T cells within fresh mononuclear cells or lines of expanded γδ T cells generated from healthy donors, but the same proteins stimulated CD3+cells from COVID-19 patients. The nucleocapsid protein stimulated interleukin-12 production by DC and downstream interferon-γ production by co-cultured Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells, but protease digestion and use of an alternative nucleocapsid preparation indicated that this activity was due to contaminating non-protein material. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins do not have stimulatory activity for DC or γδ T cells. We propose that γδ T cell activation in COVID-19 patients is mediated by immune recognition of viral RNA or other structural proteins by γδ T cells, or by other immune cells, such as DC, that produce γδ T cell-stimulatory ligands or cytokines.
Processing incomplete questionnaire data into continuous digital biomarkers for addiction monitoring
Authors: Zetterström Andreas , Dahlberg Gunnar , Lundqvist Sara , Hämäläinen Markku D. , Winkvist Maria , Nyberg Fred , Andersson Karl
Published: July 2022

Purpose

eHealth systems allow efficient daily smartphone-based collection of self-reported data on mood, wellbeing, routines, and motivation; however, missing data is frequent. Within addictive disorders, missing data may reflect lack of motivation to stay sober. We hypothesize that qualitative questionnaire data contains valuable information, which after proper handling of missing data becomes more useful for practitioners.

Methods

Anonymized data from daily questionnaires containing 11 questions was collected with an eHealth system for 751 patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Two digital continuous biomarkers were composed from 9 wellbeing questions (WeBe-i) and from two questions representing motivation/self-confidence to remain sober (MotSC-i). To investigate possible loss of information in the process of composing the digital biomarkers, performance of neural networks to predict exacerbation events (relapse) in alcohol use disorder was compared.

Results

Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks predicted a coming exacerbation event 1–3 days (AUC 0.68–0.70) and 5–7 days (AUC 0.65–0.68) in advance on unseen patients. The predictive capability of digital biomarkers and raw questionnaire data was equal, indicating no loss of information. The transformation into digital biomarkers enable a continuous graphical display of each patient’s clinical course and a combined interpretation of qualitative and quantitative aspects of recovery on a time scale.

Conclusion

By transforming questionnaire data with large proportion of missing data into continuous digital biomarkers, the information captured by questionnaires can be more easily used in clinical practice. Information, assessed by the capability to predict exacerbation events of AUD, is preserved when processing raw questionnaire data into digital biomarkers.
U.S. household food acquisition behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ellison Brenna , Ocepek Melissa , Kalaitzandonakes Maria
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic upended how many Americans acquire foods. In this paper, we analyze eight food acquisition activities at different points in the pandemic, which allows us to evaluate how food acquisition changed as case rates changed and vaccine rollouts occurred. We collected data from three nationally representative online samples in September 2020, December 2020, and March 2021. We evaluate changes across time and across demographics using a multivariate probit model. Across time, we find that in-person grocery shopping remained extremely common (over 90%) throughout the pandemic. Food acquisition activities with less in-person contact (e.g., ordering from a meal kit service, online grocery shopping) peaked in December 2020, likely due to the surge in cases during that period. Ordering take-out from a restaurant remained common throughout the pandemic, but indoor dining increased significantly in March 2021 when vaccines were becoming more widely available. Food acquisition activities also varied across consumer groups, particularly indoor and outdoor restaurant dining. Overall our results offer evidence that in-person grocery shopping is a staple food acquisition activity that is unlikely to be changed; however, there is a segment of consumers who complement their in-person grocery shopping with online grocery shopping options. Further, relative to grocery stores, restaurants may be more vulnerable to surges in COVID-19 case rates. We conclude with implications for grocery retailers and restaurants as they continue to navigate operational challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fungal-mediated lung allergic airway disease: The critical role of macrophages and dendritic cells
Authors: Furlong-Silva Julio , Cook Peter Charles
Published: July 2022

Fungi are abundant in the environment, causing our lungs to be constantly exposed to a diverse range of species. While the majority of these are cleared effectively in healthy individuals, constant exposure to spores (especiallyAspergillusspp.) can lead to the development of allergic inflammation that underpins and worsen diseases such as asthma. Despite this, the precise mechanisms that underpin the development of fungal allergic disease are poorly understood. Innate immune cells, such as macrophages (MΦs) and dendritic cells (DCs), have been shown to be critical for mediating allergic inflammation to a range of different allergens. This review will focus on the crucial role of MΦ and DCs in mediating antifungal immunity, evaluating how these immune cells mediate allergic inflammation within the context of the lung environment. Ultimately, we aim to highlight important future research questions that will lead to novel therapeutic strategies for fungal allergic diseases.
Poxviruses package viral redox proteins in lateral bodies and modulate the host oxidative response
Authors: Bidgood Susanna R. , Samolej Jerzy , Novy Karel , Collopy Abigail , Albrecht David , Krause Melanie , Burden Jemima J. , Wollscheid Bernd , Mercer Jason
Published: July 2022

All poxviruses contain a set of proteinaceous structures termed lateral bodies (LB) that deliver viral effector proteins into the host cytosol during virus entry. To date, the spatial proteotype of LBs remains unknown. Using the prototypic poxvirus, vaccinia virus (VACV), we employed a quantitative comparative mass spectrometry strategy to determine the poxvirus LB proteome. We identified a large population of candidate cellular proteins, the majority being mitochondrial, and 15 candidate viral LB proteins. Strikingly, one-third of these are VACV redox proteins whose LB residency could be confirmed using super-resolution microscopy. We show that VACV infection exerts an anti-oxidative effect on host cells and that artificial induction of oxidative stress impacts early and late gene expression as well as virion production. Using targeted repression and/or deletion viruses we found that deletion of individual LB-redox proteins was insufficient for host redox modulation suggesting there may be functional redundancy. In addition to defining the spatial proteotype of VACV LBs, these findings implicate poxvirus redox proteins as potential modulators of host oxidative anti-viral responses and provide a solid starting point for future investigations into the role of LB resident proteins in host immunomodulation.
TNFα-induced metabolic reprogramming drives an intrinsic anti-viral state
Authors: Ciesla Jessica , Moreno Isreal , Munger Joshua
Published: July 2022

Cytokines induce an anti-viral state, yet many of the functional determinants responsible for limiting viral infection are poorly understood. Here, we find that TNFα induces significant metabolic remodeling that is critical for its anti-viral activity. Our data demonstrate that TNFα activates glycolysis through the induction of hexokinase 2 (HK2), the isoform predominantly expressed in muscle. Further, we show that glycolysis is broadly important for TNFα-mediated anti-viral defense, as its inhibition attenuates TNFα’s ability to limit the replication of evolutionarily divergent viruses. TNFα was also found to modulate the metabolism of UDP-sugars, which are essential precursor substrates for glycosylation. Our data indicate that TNFα increases the concentration of UDP-glucose, as well as the glucose-derived labeling of UDP-glucose and UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine in a glycolytically-dependent manner. Glycolysis was also necessary for the TNFα-mediated accumulation of several glycosylated anti-viral proteins. Consistent with the importance of glucose-driven glycosylation, glycosyl-transferase inhibition attenuated TNFα’s ability to promote the anti-viral cell state. Collectively, our data indicate that cytokine-mediated metabolic remodeling is an essential component of the anti-viral response.
Nature Therapy: Part One: Evidence for the Healing Power of Contact with Nature
Authors: Beil Kurt
Published: July 2022

Human enjoyment of natural environmental settings is common to all cultures. It is a complex, evolutionary, psychophysiological response with notable potential to positively impact both physical and mental health of individuals and populations. Four decades of research have produced a large body of empirical and experimental studies demonstrating the benefits of contact with Nature. A sufficient evidence base now allows for meaningful systematic reviews and meta-analyses to begin to guide health recommendations. This is the first of three articles to review the state of the science on the potential health benefits of contact with Nature, covering Visual Nature, Forest Therapy, Gardening, Residential Greenspace, and Blue Space.
Identification of cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria from the intestines of laying hens given AKBISprob based on 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene analysis
Authors: Nurliana Nurliana , Siregar Baharuddin Halim , Sari Wahyu Eka , Helmi Teuku Zahrial , Sugito Sugito
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim: Supplementation of AKBISprob (developed in a previous study) in feed can improve production efficiency and poultry health, especially laying hens. In addition, it can also increase cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in chicken intestines, but these bacteria are still unknown; thus, they need to be identified. This study aimed to identify cellulolytic LAB in the intestines of laying hens administered AKBISprob based on 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene analysis.

Materials and Methods: The samples used in this study were 13 LAB isolates from the intestines of laying hens that were given AKBISprob 4%. Cellulolytic LAB DNA was isolated and 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction.

Results: From 10 cellulolytic LAB isolates with a clear zone of >6 mm, four were selected and their DNA was amplified with BaCF and UniB primers ∼1500 bp DNA fragments. Of these, the P31H62 isolate was genetically close to Enterococcus hirae strain 1-1X-16 with 92.90% maximum identity, the P33S52 isolate had homology with Enterococcus mundtii strain ZU 26 with 96.76% maximum identity, and the P33S62 isolate was closely related to E. hirae strain SJ3 with 72.96% maximum identity. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the cellulolytic LAB isolates P31H62 and P33S52 were in one cluster closely related to the genus Enterococcus.

Conclusion: This study suggests that the isolates P31H62, P33S62, and P33S52 from the intestines of laying hens administered 4% AKBISprob are cellulolytic LAB belonging to the genus Enterococcus.
Effect of estrous cycle phases on gene expression in bovine oviduct epithelial cells
Authors: Lopera-Vásquez Ricaurte , Uribe-García Fabián , Rondón-Barragán Iang
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim: The oviduct environment is of particular importance because it is the site of fertilization and early embryo development. The oviduct, as a component of the reproductive system, responds to ovarian hormone (estradiol [E2] and progesterone [P4]) stimuli depending on the estrous cycle phase. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of estrous cycle phases (follicular and early and late luteal phases) on gene expression patterns in bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs).

Materials and Methods: Oviducts were obtained from healthy slaughterhouse animals, corresponding to ipsilateral ovaries with dominant follicles or corpus luteum during early and late luteal phases. BOECs were recovered from the isthmus (IST) and ampulla (AMP), and the expression patterns of genes related to cytokinesis and mitosis mechanisms (rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase and cellular communication network factor 2 [CCN2]), growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], vascular endothelial growth factor A, and EGFR), antioxidant mechanisms (glutathione peroxidase 4 [GPX4]), apoptosis (B-cell lymphoma 2), complement component (C3), energy metabolism (aldose reductase gene family 1-member b1 [AKRIB1] and solute carrier family 2), hormone receptors (estrogen receptor 1 and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor), and specific glycoproteins (oviductal glycoprotein 1) were analyzed.

Results: High P4 levels (late luteal phase) affected the expression of important genes related to antioxidant mechanisms (GPX4), energy metabolism (AKRIB1), growth factors (IGBP3 and EGFR), and cell growth regulation (CCN2) in the AMP. Low P4 levels (early luteal phase) affected the expression of AKR1B1, IGBP3, and CCN2. In addition, estrogen likely had an effect on OVPGP expression in the cattle oviduct.

Conclusion: Differential gene expression patterns of BOECs in the AMP during the luteal phase (antioxidant mechanisms, energy metabolism, growth factors, and immunological regulators) and in the IST during the follicular phase (glycoproteins) may influence their renewal and population proportions, modulating the oviduct environment as well as gamete and embryo physiology.
Discharge calculation of paleochannels on the alluvial fan of the Maros river, Hungary
Authors: Sümeghy Borbála , Kiss Tímea
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to identify the abandoned channels on the alluvial fan of the Maros River and to calculate their paleodischarge. As the first step of the investigation regional equations had to be made for discharge calculations based on the earliest available discharge data for the rivers of the Tisza catchment in Hungary. Equations between discharge and channel parameters were created with high correlation coefficient. Then the paleochannels were identified on the Hungarian part of the alluvial fan. The paleochannel generations are located in continuous zones with well defined boundaries. The density of the abandoned channels varies on the alluvial fan, as some areas densely covered by channels and on other areas almost free of paleochannels. Braided, meandering and misfit channels were separated, but only the morphometry of the meandering and misfit channels were measured (width, ratio of curvature, half-wavelength and cord-length). Based on these morphometric parameters and the discharge equations the mean discharge of the channels was calculated. The greatest discharge was around 6300 m3/s while the smallest was 31 m3/s. However, several abandoned meandering channels had slightly greater bankfull discharge (700-900 m3/s) as the present-day Maros River.
Meander cores on the floodplain
Authors: Kiss Tímea , Hernesz Péter , Sipos György
Published: July 2022

The aim of the present study is to analyse the morphology, sedi-mentary structure and age of flood-free islands on the low-floodplain of the Lower Tisza in order to determine the date and causes of river incision. On the study area the identified 16 elevated surfaces were divided into two groups. The real or meander core floodplain islands appear in the northern and central units of the study area. They are characterized by steep slopes, elevated surface and small territory (2.1 km2 in average). The second type consists of elevated surfaces of point-bar systems and natural levees of paleo-channels, and they mostly appear in the southern unit. They have gentle slopes, smaller relative height and greater area (4.1 km2 in average). The spatial distribution of the two types refers to slow and slight tectonic uplift in the northern part of the study area, though in the south they refer only to the lack of sinking. The results of the sedimentological analysis on the meander core at Szegvár show that it originally belonged to the high-floodplain. Due to the slight tectonic uplift the meandering channel incised into the soft sediments, and as lateral erosion was possible, an ingrown-type meander developed, which later as a result of cut-off has become a meander core (or umlaufberg). Based on the OSL data the incision started at least 20.1±2.1 ka ago, and it terminated ca. 8-9 ka ago. The calculated bankfull discharge of the Szegvár paleo-meander is estimated to be 4000-7500 m3/s, referring to a considerably higher discharge than that of the present-day Tisza (800 m3/s). Similar planimetric meander parameters of paleo-channels on the high and low-floodplain suggest that the incision was not driven by climate, i.e. discharge change but primarily by tectonic movement. This is also supported by the height condition of the islands, as their surface is almost at the level of the high-floodplain.
Morphological and hydrological characteristics of paleo-channels on the alluvial fan of the Maros River, Hungary
Authors: Sümeghy Borbála , Kiss Tímea
Published: July 2022

The aim of our research was to identify and map the paleo-channel systems on the alluvial fan of the Maros River and to analyse their spatial characteristics. The study on flow directions, horizontal channel parameters and paleo-discharge of the channels can help to forecast the maximum flood discharge and channel changes influenced by climate variations. The paleo-channel generations on the Maros alluvial fan form 13 zones with well defined boundaries. These zones can be either dominated by meandering (5), braided (2), or the mixture of meandering and braided patterns (3). The remaining three paleo-channel zones exhibit an anastomosing pattern but they were not analysed in this study. The horizontal morphological parameters of the braided, the meandering and the misfit channels were measured. Based on these morphometric parameters and regional discharge equations the bankfull discharge of the meandering zones was calculated. The greatest discharge was around 2655 m3/s while the smallest was 27 m3/s in case of a misfit paleo-channel. Based on the slope conditions the alluvial fan was divided into three parts. The greatest slope (31.0 cm/km) was found in the central part of the alluvial fan, whilst slightly lower slopes (23.8 cm/km and 24.9 cm/km) characterise its axial and distal parts. These parameters refer to a normal radial profile of an alluvial fan. The channel pattern changes are in close relation with differences in slope. This is the most obvious in zone No. IX, where braided channels transform into meandering and then braided again from east to west in accordance with slope conditions.
Reconstruction of Palaeo-hydrology and fluvial architecture at the Orosháza palaeo-channel of River Maros, Hungary
Authors: Katona Orsolya , Sipos György , Onaca Alexandru , Ardelean Florina
Published: July 2022

Several studies have addressed the impact of climate change and tectonic activity on fluvial systems. When investigating these systems palaeo-hydrological and geomorphological data on abandoned channels can yield valuable results. The main aim of our work was to reconstruct morphological conditions at the Orosháza palaeo-channel and to estimate the bankfull discharge which characterized the channel during its formation. There are several equations predicting bankfull discharge on the basis of planform parameters, but these only work for meandering rivers. In case of braided channels flow reconstruction can only be made by using cross-sectional parameters. The Orosháza palaeo-channel provided the means of a comparative analysis in this respect. By a sudden pattern change both meandering and braided reaches, supposedly having a very similar bankfull discharge, could be simultaneously studied. Planform parameters and present cross-sections were determined on the basis of a high resolution DEM, while original cross-section parameters were assessed using sedimentological and geophysical methods. Based on sedimentological data, channel pattern transition was mainly driven by intensive bedload accumulation at the edge of the Maros Alluvial Fan (MAF). Slope differences could not be evened out due to an avulsion close to the apex of the fan. Concerning discharge calculations a good agreement was found between a region-specific planform based equation and the cross-section based Grauckler-Manning equation. Values determined for the braided and meandering reach were also in a good correspondence. Consequently, the presented approach is suitable to determine the discharge of other braided palaeo-channels on the MAF and elsewhere.
SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE DRUG SITUATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STATE OF SOCIAL SECURITY OF THE REGION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY IN THE CONTEXT OF ANNUAL MONITORING
Authors: Shinkevich Vladimir Ye.
Published: July 2022

The relevance of the article is due to the importance for making managerial decisions to counteract the spread of the use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances by the population or its individual groups not for medical purposes. In this vein, the article implements the goal of assessing the state of the drug situation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory as one of the most important components of the social security of the region in the context of analyzing the results of a sociological study conducted during the annual monitoring of this situation in 2021, according to a single generally accepted methodology. The article also used separate research results from previous years, starting from 2017, to assess the dynamics and direction of the drug situation in the region. The author notes the relative stability of the drug situation and the level of drug addiction in the Krasnoyarsk Territory over the past years. It remains relevant for the region to increase the level of anti-drug culture, to activate and improve the activities of various subjects of anti-narcotic prevention to counteract the spread of drug addiction, including the search for effective forms and methods of suppressing the use of drug distributors, etc.
MENTAL HEALTH AND WAYS TO SAVE IT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Milaeva Tatiana V.
Published: July 2022

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, people face serious psychological problems. Most Russians living today have never experienced the shocks of war or global catastrophes, so the emotions they are experiencing now are unfamiliar to them. Prolonged anxiety leads to the development of mental disorders. In the zone of the North of Russia, this problem is even more acute, since living in harsh climatic conditions creates an additional burden on the psyche of the population. The purpose of the article is to analyze the causes of mental health deterioration and the factors contributing to its preservation. Approaches to the problem of domestic and foreign researchers are considered, possible ways of preserving mental health are given. It is concluded that in this situation it is necessary to improve the system of providing psychological and psychiatric care to the population and to study the psycho-emotional consequences of the pandemic not only at the moment, but also in the future.
CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors: Salmorbekova Rita B.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of internal and external migration in the Kyrgyz Republic. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Kyrgyz Republic had experienced mass out-migration of the population. The people were forced to migrate during the period chaos to improve their quality of life. Basically, in the early 1990s, the Slavic people from Kyrgyzstan left for Russia and Kazakhstan. Strong internal migration began in 1994, when rural Kyrgyz arrived from regions to Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyz Republic. Migration outside the former Soviet Union began in 2000. The vast majority of Kyrgyz went to Turkey, Germany or the USA. Thus, the problem of migration in the Kyrgyz Republic is not new. This article analyses the results of a 2019 focus group study. Field research was necessary to assess the effects of population migration and 14 focus groups were conducted in rural areas in the north of Kyrgyzstan. The results of the research revealed the positive and negative consequences of the migration process, reflecting the current migration situation in the north of Kyrgyzstan. In general, the growth of migration has led to new problems in society: families suffer, children are left without parental care and there is a drain (brain drain) of the working age population.
Improved Control of Mesh Density in Adaptive Tetrahedral Meshes for Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Ostaszewska-Liżewska Anna , Kopala Dominika , Szewczyk Roman
Published: July 2022

Tetrahedral meshing is the critical element of finite element modeling. Recently, adaptive meshing has been commonly used. In such meshing, according to the Delaunay method, mesh density is connected with the curvature of modeled object’s edge. Such a method is especially efficient during the modeling of mechanical systems. However, the efficiency of commonly used meshing algorithms is strongly limited in surface-focused phenomena, such as eddy current induced by magneto-dynamic processes. The paper proposes the improved method of Delaunay meshing considering the specific requirements of magnetodynamic systems. In the proposed method, tetrahedral mesh density may be flexibly modified according to the needs of modeled physical phenomena, such as eddy current density. As a result, physical effects may be efficiently and accurately described in finite element models. The paper presents the example of implementing the proposed solution for cylindrical wire. The complete source code is available as open-source software for further practical use and development.
PREOPERATIVE CARDIAC REHABILITATION IN A 28 YEARS-OLD WOMAN WITH VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
Authors: Barata Sri Hastuti , Setiawati Erna , Ambarwati Endang
Published: July 2022

Background: Valvular heart disease (VHD) is one third of all heart disease. In industrialized countries, the prevalence is estimated at 2,5% and in developing countries is between twenty to thirty cases per-1000 people. VHD presents a huge health burden worldwide. If heart failure has occured, surgery is the treatment of choice. Cardiorespiratory fitness declined in post-surgical patients. Preoperative cardiac rehabilitation is considered to be able to increase the cardiorespiratory fitness baseline so that postoperative outcomes are better.Case Presentation: We reported 28 years-old female with severe MS and MR as well as mild TR with symptoms dyspnea on effort which improves with rest. She was the candidate for mitral valve replacement. She was given a 14-days preoperative cardiac rehabilitation program including breathing exercise by pursed lips breathing, effective cough exercise, range of motion exercise, ankle pumping exercise, endurance exercise based on the result of the 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) using threshold IMT. Conclusion: Preoperative cardiac rehabilitation program improved pulmonary functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and functional activity.Keyword: valvular heart disease, cardiac rehabilitation, pulmonary functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness.
Mediated recognition in campaigns for justice: The case of the Magdalene laundry survivors
Authors: Vatnøy Eirik , Wheatley Dawn
Published: July 2022

The recognition perspective is a valuable lens through which identity struggles and historical marginalization and abuses can be explored. This study analyzes Ireland’s Justice for Magdalene (JFM) campaign between 2009–2013; JFM was a group that fought for a state apology and redress for women and girls confined to Catholic-run laundries between the 1920s and 1990s. Such institutions formed part of the post-colonial Irish identity and church-state structure, within which many women and girls once suffered. We document the rhetorical dimension of how a resolution was ultimately reached following the campaign’s transformation of women’s individual experiences into the collective voice of an advocacy group with targeted political goals. Focusing on JFM’s public press releases, we consider the media logic and rhetorical strategies of the group, which effectively built a case against the state. At the core of the discussion is the balance between the instrumental and constitutive functions of the organization’s messaging.
Comprehensive physical and chemical characterization highlights the uniqueness of enzymatic gelatin in terms of surface properties
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Zhang Bing , Wang Ying , Lu Weipeng , Wang Jianing , Wang Yihu , Guo Yanchuan
Published: July 2022

To shorten the long process of conventional alkaline extraction of gelatin, an enzyme-aided method was demonstrated, which was simpler, more effective, and environmental friendly. The main properties of enzymatic gelatin and conventional alkaline gelatin were comprehensively analyzed, including rheological properties, foaming properties, emulsifying properties, water absorption capacity, and thermal stability. It was found that enzymatic gelatin exhibits neutral isoelectric points of 7.4–7.8, higher imino acid content (21.85%, on average), and excellent emulsifying properties, thermal stability, and foaming properties (181%, on average), but lower water absorption properties (5.8 g‧g−1, on average). These findings would be beneficial for the future applications of enzymatic gelatin.
Blueprinting morpho-anatomical episodes via green silver nanoparticles foliation
Authors: Hasan Murtaza , Sajjad Muhammad , Zafar Ayesha , Hussain Riaz , Anjum Syed Ishtiaq , Zia Muhammad , Ihsan Zahid , Shu Xugang
Published: July 2022

Traditional fertilization not only enhances the acidification of soil but also leads toward eutrophication. Here stimulatory and inhibitory effects of foliar fertilization of Cordia based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were studied on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) biomass accumulation, antioxidant activity, and morphological and anatomical modifications. The AgNPs were foliar supplied with a concentration of 25, 50, and 100 ppm along with control (deionized water) and negative control AgNO3 for consecutive 25 days. The L. sativa fresh and dry biomass accumulation were significantly higher by 53%, leaf area by 25%, and leaf water holding capacity by 207% for foliar sprayed at 25 ppm concentration of AgNPs. The application of AgNPs and AgNO3 had significantly shortened the shoot length (52%), while foliar spray of AgNPs promoted the root length (40%). Among different concentrations of AgNPs, the 50 ppm improved the thickness of stem epidermis (44%), hypodermis (130%), and cortex cell area (372%). For antioxidant studies, the 25 ppm of AgNPs depicted the highest anti-oxidative activity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity (75%), total antioxidant capacity (167%), total phenolic content (292%), and total reducing power (60%), while 50 ppm showed the maximum activity for total flavonoid content (243%) as compared to control. Thus, we may conclude that the AgNPs have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on L. sativa. These effects were dependent on the concentration of the nanoparticles and have varied for different growth, antioxidants, and anatomical traits of the plant.
Most Valuable Player based selective harmonic elimination in a cascaded H-bridge inverter for wide operating range
Authors: Sarwar Adil , Yadav Raj Kumar , Asim Mohammed , Saxena Dipti , Jain Chandra Prakash , Mewara Hari Shankar
Published: July 2022

Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM (SHEPWM) is a classical method of voltage control of the inverter while eliminating the undesirable lower order harmonics for low-frequency applications. Multivariable non-linear equations often result in SHE modulation scheme. In this work, a Most Valuable Player Algorithm (MVPA) has been applied to solve the non-linear SHE equations for the elimination of lower order harmonics in a cascaded H bridge multilevel inverter. The MVPA algorithm shows better convergence characteristics and wider modulation control compared to some popular meta-heuristic optimization methods. Optimized switching angles have been obtained for 5, 7 and 9 level inverters for different modulation index (MI) from 0.05 to 1. The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for the output voltage was found to be smoother compared to the powerful Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm for modulation index greater than 0.6. And for modulation index greater than 0.8, MVPA scores better than DE in terms of THD. Experimentally, the performance of MVPA has also been validated for 1-phase 5, 7 and 9 level cascaded H-bridge inverter and 5th, 5th and 7th, 5th, 7th, and 11th harmonic was eliminated respectively.
Purification and characterization of catechol oxidase from Posof Badele apple (Malus domestica L): in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Çiğdem Ayhan , Güller Uğur
Published: July 2022

In the current study, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), responsible for enzymatic browning in fruits, was purified from Posof Badele apple (PB) (Malus domestica L.) in two steps as acetone precipitation and affinity chromatography. After purification, the purity of PBPPO was checked by using SDS-PAGE. It was figured out that PBPPO had maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 10 °C and it was stable at pH 5.5 and temperatures of 0–30 °C. Besides, it was determined that Al3+ and Cu2+ metal ions activated the enzyme and the PBPPO was strongly inhibited by ascorbic acid with a Ki constant of 1.67 ± 0.35 µM. Inhibitor-enzyme interactions were examined by molecular docking studies and it was revealed that ascorbic acid had the lowest docking score of −6.54 kcal/mol. We wanted to draw attention to the PB apple, which is red inside as well as outside and very rich in terms of nutrient content.
Caused motion events in Modern Uyghur: a typological perspective
Authors: Tusun Alimujiang , Hendriks Henriëtte
Published: July 2022

Talmy’s motion event typology (Talmy, Leonard. 2000. Towards a cognitive semantics: Conceptual structuring systems, vol. 2. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press) has served as an influential framework for exploring event representation across languages. While confirming its basic premises, many studies argued that the typology cannot fully capture the vast intra- and inter-typological variations. Consequently, proposals have been made to expand the typology and/or reconceptualize it as a typology of constructional strategies for encoding events. This article furthers this line of inquiry by examining caused-motion expressions by adult speakers of an understudied Turkic language, Modern Uyghur. Systematic analyses of lexicalization patterns, that is, which components are typically selected for expression, how frequently they are selected, and how they are packaged in syntactic constructions, show that Uyghur is a prototypical verb-framed language. It differs most strikingly from English (considered satellite-framed) in terms of lexicalization patterns. Detailed comparisons with French and Turkish (putatively verb-framed) reveal intra-typological variations in that Uyghur speakers systematically used verb-framed constructions while French and Turkish speakers exhibit much flexibility and a general preference for satellite-framed constructions. Overall, our data lend support to Talmy’s typology conceived as a strategy-based typological framework.
Predictors of high dose of massed practice following stroke
Authors: Sabo Bishir , Abdullahi Auwal , Badaru Umaru Muhammad , Saeys Wim , Truijen Steven
Published: July 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect patients’ ability to carry out high dose of massed practice.

Methods

Patients with stroke were included in the study if they had no severe impairment in motor and cognitive functions. Dose of massed practice, motor function, perceived amount and quality of use of the arm in the real world, wrist and elbow flexors spasticity, dominant hand stroke, presence of shoulder pain, and central post-stroke pain were assessed on the first day. Dose of massed practice was assessed again on the second day. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear multiple regression.

Results

Only motor function (β
= –0.310, r = 0.787, P < 0.001), perceived amount of use (β
= 0.300, r = 0.823; 95% CI = 0.34–107.224, P = 0.049), severity of shoulder pain (β
= –0.155, r = –0.472, P = 0.019), wrist flexors spasticity (β
= –0.154, r = –0.421, P = 0.002), age (β
= –0.129, r = –0.366, P = 0.018), dominant hand stroke (β
= –0.091, r = –0.075, P = 0.041), and sex (β
= –0.090, r = –0.161, P = 0.036) significantly influenced patients’ ability to carry out high dose of massed practice.

Conclusion

Many factors affect patients’ ability to carry out high dose of massed practice. Understanding these factors can help in designing appropriate rehabilitation.