bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Growth of Scots Pine under the Conditions of Water-Logged Soils of the North
Authors:   Vologda State Diary Farming Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin, Zarubina Liliya V. , Khamitov Renat S.
Published: June 2021

The seasonal rhythm of height growth of young shoots of Scots pine growing in a 33-year-old shrubby-sphagnum pine forest of the northern taiga natural-climatic zone has been studied in a complex with the main physiological processes. The possibility of regulating their intensity by additional introduction of nitrogen fertilizer has been determined. It has been found that on hydromorphic excessively wet soils of the North, seasonal height growth of pine occurs with a maximum rate in late June and early July, when air temperature rises and the root system is released from excessive moisture. Unlike lichen pine forests, in which pine roots are not affected by flooding, on hydromorphic peat soils pine grows much slower and during the growing season has less intensive physiological processes. The low rate of shoot growth and physiological processes in pine in sphagnum forest site conditions is explained by dysfunction of its root system as a result of soil anoxia caused by flooding, as well as by insufficient supply of growing shoots with acronutrients from the crown as a result of violation of their normal outflow and movement in the tree. Nitrogen fertilizers positively affect growth and physiological processes in pine trees in sphagnum forest types. However, their effect in these forest site conditions is much weaker than in the dry lichen forests of the Far North. On water-logged peat soils under the influence of nitrogen fertilizer seasonal height growth of pine trees increases by 20 %, the duration of seasonal shoot growth increases by 8–10 days, the intensity of photosynthesis increases significantly, and, as a result of reduced water onsumption for transpiration, the tree water regime normalizes and the transpiration productivity increases. These positive nitrogen-induced changes ultimately improve the viability and productivity of sphagnum pine forests. For citation: Zarubina L.V., Khamitov R.S. Seasonal Growth of Scots Pine under the Conditions of Water-Logged Soils of the North. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 86–100. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-86-100
The objective contents of an artistic text: from phenomenology towards mereology
Authors: Yudkin-Ripun Ihor
Published: June 2021

Textual semantics is studied on the basis of subjective — objective reciprocal feedback, where the objective field is reconstructed from the eidetic images with the inversion of their inner relations. The priority belongs to the textual inner world, and the objective field is determined with an epoch's concrete historical conditions. Mereology is developed within the framework of phenomenology as the logical theory dealing with the relation of "part –whole" that in difference to hermeneutics is based on the irreducibility of the whole to the parts and the reciprocity of this relation. The parts are divided into the autonomous and dependent, inner and outer ones. A text is regarded as a hologram where each part represents its functions within the whole. It is the textual frameworks that play the decisive role in textual integration together with reciprocal references of the distant parts and complementary relations. The paragon of framework is to be found in the cues of a role of a dramatic persona. It is due to distanced relations that the dimensionality of a text grows, it surpasses linear and planar limits, its depth and volume are revealed. Such means of frameworks as anaphora procure the textual division onto closed cycles.
Jurnalisme Konstruktif dalam Berita Varian Baru Covid-19 (Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes terhadap Berita di Okezone.com)
Authors: Wirawanda Yudha , Arrasyid Kholif Huda
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to review the text of news related to the new variant of Covid-19. This was because in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic news emerged related to new variants of the virus. The discussion focused on written news text related to the new variant of Covid-19 on the news portal okezone.com. This research used the concept of constructive journalism to analyze written news texts. The study used Roland Barthes semiotics to analyze the data. The result of this research was that some written news texts obtained some elements of constructive journalism.

Keywords: constructive journalism, Covid-19, semiotics
Polarisasi “Liyan” dalam Meme Please Help Me: Contraceptive Pills
Authors: Lestari Dwi Oktalina
Published: June 2021

Contraceptives are considered to be the key to solving poverty problems by controlling women's reproductive systems. In campaigning for poverty solutions, women's bodies are presented in the Please Help Me: Contraceptive Pills meme through a representation system. Representation is closely related to the use of stereotypes which are subjective and prejudiced labeling. The first discussion is about how women's cultural identity is represented in the sign relation of a Please Help Me: Contraceptive Pills meme and what ideological practices that works behind the meme. This paper aims to analyze the representation system of women's cultural identity in a meme, Please Help Me: Contraceptive Pills. In addition, this paper seeks to show the pervasive discrimination through sign relations. This qualitative research uses the semiotic method in interpreting signs in memes. The results of this analysis state that the practice of the representation system has limited the flow of meaning so that in this meme there is an imbalanced represention of women's cultural identity and that the responsibility for procreation is only a woman's concerns.

Keywords: discrimination, identity, meme, representation, the Other
Analysis of Antenatal Care by Maternal to Health Services Utilization in Working Area of Cot Girek Health Centre
Authors: Ardah Fauzah , Suroyo Razia Begum , Suroyo Razia Begum , Silaen Mangatas , Lastiur Lucia
Published: June 2021

According to Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 43 of 2016 every maternal must get antenatal services according to the standard which  provided to pregnant women at least 4 times during pregnancy with a schedule of one first trimester, one second trimester and two-third trimesters. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of knowledge, attitudes, education, parity, income, support of health workers, a distance of health services and maternal health to the utilization of health services in the working area of the Cot Girek health centre, a population of this study amounted 512 people and 83 respondents were taken as the sample of this study. The research was Quantitative research used Mixed Method. The  results showed of knowledge p = 0.000, education p = 0.000, income p = 0.000, support of health workers p = 0.000 shows a relationship to the utilization of health services. While attitudes p = .609, parity p = .823, distance of health services p = .167, maternal health p = .386 showed no relationship to the utilization of health services. The conclusion in this study is the influence of knowledge, education, income and support of health workers on the utilization of health services found, while the attitudes, parity, distance of health services and maternal health have no found about relationship to the utilization of health services. This research can be used as information for health workers to be more active in promoting antenatal care programs.
RESPONS MASYARAKAT TERHADAP EKSISTENSI SASTRA LISAN PALEBOHU: STUDI PENDAHULUAN BERDASARKAN TEORI RESEPSI RIEN T. SEGERS
Authors: Didipu Herman , Mustafa Windy Putri , Abdullah Nurfaizah
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini memfokuskan kajian pada respons masyarakat terhadap eksistensi sastra lisan palebohu, yaitu mencakup: (a) kebermaknaan puisi lisan palebohu, (b) relevansi puisi lisan palebohu dengan perkembangan zaman, (c) manfaat puisi lisan palebohu untuk pengantin dan pendengar, serta (d) pelestarian puisi lisan palebohu. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori resepsi eksperimental Rien T. Segers. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara membagikan angket yang berisi pertanyaan-pertanyaan kepada para responden. Adapun responden penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di desa Huntulohulawa, Kecamatan Bongomeme, Kabupaten Gorontalo, yang berjumlah 25 orang. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus, dan data kualitatif dianalisis dengan cara mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasi hasil angket yang diisi oleh responden. Berdasarkan uraian pada pembahasan, dapat ditarik simpulan sebagai berikut. Pertama, secara fisik dalam penampilan, sastra lisan palebohu sudah jarang bahkan tidak ada lagi dalam upacara adat perkawinan masyarakat Gorontalo saat ini. Kedua, meskipun tidak dapat ditemukan lagi dalam upacara adat perkawinan, masyarakat masih menanggapi positif eksistensi sastra lisan palebohu karena dianggap masih bermakna, masih relevansi dengan perkembangan zaman sekarang, dianggap bermanfaat bagi untuk pendengar (khususnya pengantin), serta masih adanya adanya kesempatan untuk melestarikan puisi lisan palebohu.
KEMAMPUAN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 TELAGA MENGIDENTIFIKASI UNSUR-UNSUR DRAMA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Umar Sri Gitawati , Umar Fatmah AR , Didipu Herman
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mendeskripsikan kemampuan peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Telaga mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur drama dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes kemampuan dan kuensioner (angket). Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan peserta didik mengidentifikasi unsur drama, rata-rata 67 dengan kategori kurang, Hal ini dibuktikan dari kemampuan mengidentifikasi tema rata-rata 70 dikategorikan kurang, kemampuan mengidentifikasi alur drama rata-rata 71 dikategorikan kurang, kemampuan mengidentifikasi penokohan rata-rata 68 dikategorikan kurang, kemampuan mengidentifikasi latar rata-rata 72 dikategorikan cukup, kemampuan mengidetifikasi dialog rata-rata 58 dikategorikan sangat kurang, kemampuan mengidentifikasi amanat rata-rata 60 dikategorikan sangat kurang. Secara keseluruhan kemampuan peserta didik mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur drama rata-rata 67 dikategorikan kurang. (2) Faktor-faktor penghambat peserta didik mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur drama dikategorikan cukup dipengaruhi oleh faktor peserta didik, faktor sekolah, faktor sarana dan prasarana. (3) Solusi terhadap faktor penghambat peserta didik mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur drama disesuaikan dengan karakteristik peserta didik, karakteristik sekolah, karakteristik sarana dan prasarana. Jadi dapat disimpulkan kemampuan peserta didik mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur drama dalam kategori kurang.
Sağlık Çalışanları İçin Kişisel Koruyucu Ekipman Kullanımı
Authors: PAKDEMİRLİ Ahu
Published: June 2021

Sağlık çalışanları; çalışma ortamlarında başta biyolojik ve kimyasal olmak üzere pek çok tehlike ve riske maruz kalırlar. Bulaşıcı mikroorganizmalar, kesici ve delici aletlerle meydana gelen iş kazaları, fiziksel veya sözlü şiddet, çalışma ortamından kaynaklanan stres, aşırı sıcak veya soğuk çalışma koşulları, uzun süreli çalışma, çalışma ortamının gürültülü olması, iyi aydınlatılmaması ve havalandırılmaması bu riskler arasında sayılabilir. Bilindiği üzere 2019 yılından beri tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 pandemisi özellikle sağlık çalışanları için büyük risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu süreçte sağlık çalışanlarının sağlığının korunması daha fazla önem ve öncelik kazanmıştır. Kitlesel yaralanma ve ölümlere neden olabilecek Kimyasal, Biyolojik, Radyolojik ve Nükleer (KBRN) olaylarında ajanın türüne uygun fiziksel koruyuculuk sağlayacak kişisel koruyucu ekipman (KKE) ilk bariyeri oluşturmaktadır.

Bu derlemede amaç, sağlık çalışanlarının maruz kalabileceği riskleri tanımlamak, bu risklere karşı alınabilecek önlemler ve kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı konusunda bilgilendirmektir.
Solar Wind Discontinuity Transformation at the Bow Shock
Authors: Kropotina Julia A. , Webster Lee , Artemyev Anton V. , Bykov Andrei M. , Vainchtein Dmitri L. , Vasko Ivan Y.
Published: June 2021

Solar wind plasma at the Earth’s orbit carries transient magnetic field structures including discontinuities. Their interaction with the Earth’s bow shock can significantly alter discontinuity configuration and stability. We investigate such an interaction for the most widespread type of solar wind discontinuities—rotational discontinuities (RDs). We use a set of in situ multispacecraft observations and perform kinetic hybrid simulations. We focus on the RD current density amplification that may lead to magnetic reconnection. We show that the amplification can be as high as two orders of magnitude and is mainly governed by three processes: the transverse magnetic field compression, global thinning of RD, and interaction of RD with low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the magnetosheath, downstream of the bow shock. The first factor is found to substantially exceed simple hydrodynamic predictions in most observed cases, the second effect has a rather moderate impact, while the third causes strong oscillations of the current density. We show that the presence of accelerated particles in the bow shock precursor highly boosts the current density amplification, making the postshock magnetic reconnection more probable. The pool of accelerated particles strongly affects the interaction of RDs with the Earth’s bow shock, as it is demonstrated by observational data analysis and hybrid code simulations. Thus, shocks should be distinguished not by the inclination angle, but rather by the presence of foreshocks populated with shock reflected particles. Plasma processes in the RD–shock interaction affect magnetic structures and turbulence in the Earth’s magnetosphere and may have implications for the processes in astrophysics.
Investigating the Relative Gas and Small Dust Grain Surface Heights in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Rich Evan A. , Teague Richard , Monnier John D. , Davies Claire L. , Bosman Arthur , Harries Tim J. , Calvet Nuria , Adams Fred C. , Wilner David , Zhu Zhaohuan
Published: June 2021

Dust evolution in protoplanetary disks from small dust grains to pebbles is key to the planet formation process. The gas in protoplanetary disks should influence the vertical distribution of small dust grains (∼1 μm) in the disk. Utilizing archival near-infrared polarized light and millimeter observations, we can measure the scale height and flare parameter β of the small dust grain scattering surface and 12CO gas emission surface for three protoplanetary disks: IM Lup, HD 163296, and HD 97048 (CU Cha). For two systems, IM Lup and HD 163296, the 12CO gas and small dust grains at small radii from the star have similar heights, but at larger radii (>100 au), the dust grain scattering surface height is lower than the 12CO gas emission surface height. In the case of HD 97048, the small dust grain scattering surface has similar heights to the 12CO gas emission surface at all radii. We ran a protoplanetary disk radiative transfer model of a generic protoplanetary disk with TORUS and showed that there is no difference between the observed scattering surface and 12CO emission surface. We also performed analytical modeling of the system and found that gas-to-dust ratios larger than 100 could explain the observed difference in IM Lup and HD 163296. This is the first direct comparison of observations of gas and small dust grain height distribution in protoplanetary disks. Future observations of gas emission and near-infrared scattered-light instruments are needed to look for similar trends in other protoplanetary disks.
A Theoretical Investigation of the Magnetic-field-induced Transition in Fe X, of Importance for Measuring Magnetic Field Strengths in the Solar Corona
Authors: Li W. , Li M. , Wang K. , Brage T. , Hutton R. , Landi E.
Published: June 2021

The use of the magnetic-field-induced transition (MIT)

in Fe X for the measurement of the magnetic field strength in the solar corona has been discussed and demonstrated in a number of recent studies. This diagnostic technique depends on, among other conditions, the accuracy of the atomic data for Fe X. In the present work, we carry out a large-scale calculation for the atomic properties needed for the determination of the MIT rate using the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method. Four computational schemes are employed to study the convergence of the atomic properties of interest. Comparison with other experimental and theoretical sources are performed and recommended values are suggested for important properties, e.g., the magnetic induced transition probabilities as a function of magnetic field strengths. The present calculations affect magnetic field measurements by decreasing the magnetic field strengths by 10%–15%, leading to differences in magnetic energy up to 30%. We recommend that the current data should be employed in magnetic field measurements in the future.
Société adolescente, une illusion moderne ?
Authors: Quentel Jean-Claude
Published: June 2021

L’adolescence est une création sociale récente, mais elle pose un problème général qui est celui de la sortie de l’enfance. À ce problème, de nature anthropologique, tout homme et toute société ont, et ont eu, à se confronter. Cependant, si la question du début de l’adolescence ne fait pas véritablement problème, il n’est pas de même aujourd’hui de celle de sa durée et de sa fin. Les sociétés occidentales prolongent de plus en plus la période de la jeunesse sans toujours bien faire la différence avec l’adolescence. Plus encore, plusieurs auteurs en font aujourd’hui des « sociétés adolescentes » du point de vue de leur fonctionnement. Pour s’y retrouver dans ces questions, il faut creuser les processus qui s’enclenchent à la sortie de l’enfance avec « l’émergence à la personne ».
Figures adolescentes en exil. De l’adolescence suspendue à l’adolescence contestée
Authors: Aznar-Berko Marina
Published: June 2021

Exposés à des violences extrêmes au cours de leur parcours migratoire, les adolescents exilés ont dû affronter une position de solitude, parfois associée à un saut dans le vide, au risque de se retrouver hors du monde. Ces expériences ont engendré une effraction des contenants intrapsychique, intersubjectif et transsubjectif et une panne du travail d’historisation. Le temps psychique de l’adolescence est alors suspendu, écrasé, laissant comme un trou entre l’enfance et l’âge adulte, empêchant le sujet d’occuper des positions identificatoires dans une dialectique entre permanence et changement. Le groupe à médiation photolangage est envisagé comme un dispositif favorisant la figuration des traumatismes et la réhumanisation du lien à l’Autre humain adulte, en s’appuyant sur le groupe comme figure secourable.
L’adolescence face à la crise sanitaire : résultat préliminaire du vécu sociopsychique lors du premier confinement
Authors: Gratton Emmanuel , Barrier Lucas , Bansard Nolhan , Veuillet-Combier Claudine
Published: June 2021

Pendant le premier confinement en France, décrété en mars 2020, une étude scientifique s’échelonnant sur huit semaines, conduite par l’équipe de recherche BePsyLab et intitulée Psy cado -covid19, s’est intéressée aux vécus psychologiques des adolescents âgés de 14 à 17 ans. L’étude comprend un volet quantitatif avec un questionnaire en ligne auquel 550 adolescents ont répondu et un volet qualitatif longitudinal, auprès de 40 adolescents, allant du vécu de ce confinement à son après-coup immédiat par le biais d’entretiens téléphoniques de recherche. Cet article propose une restitution de cette étude afin de comprendre comment la crise adolescente se chevauche avec la crise sanitaire ou la rencontre. L’article concilie la variabilité des vécus psychologiques et sociaux exprimés dans les données qualitatives et la multiplicité et la récurrence des situations adolescentes présentées dans les données quantitatives. Cette méthodologie s’articule sur deux axes d’analyse, considérés ici comme des continuums polarisés : l ’ investissement objectal (filiatif ou affiliatif) dans un contexte de promiscuité parentale et d’éloignement avec les pairs ; la maturité subjective (régressive ou progressive) à travers l’autonomisation et la responsabilisation induites par un phénomène sanitaire et citoyen généralisé, impactant toutes les couches de la population, adolescents compris.
The mast cell/S1P axis is not linked to pre-lesional male skin remodeling in a mouse model of eczema
Authors: Tanis Ross M. , Wedman-Robida Piper A. , Chumanevich Alena P. , Fuseler John W. , Oskeritzian Carole A.
Published: June 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD, eczema) is an inflammatory skin condition whose histopathology involves remodeling. Few preclinical AD studies are performed using male mice. The histopathological mechanisms underlying AD development were investigated here in male mice at a pre-lesional stage using a human AD-like mouse model. Hypodermal cellular infiltration without thickening of skin layers was observed after one epicutaneous exposure to antigen ovalbumin (OVA), compared to controls. In contrast to our previous report using female mice, OVA treatment did not activate skin mast cells (MC) or elevate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels while increasing systemic but not local levels of CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 chemokines. In contrast to the pathogenic AD mechanisms we recently uncovered in female, S1P-mediated skin MC activation with subsequent local chemokine production is not observed in male mice, supporting sex differences in pre-lesional stages of AD. We are proposing that differential involvement of the MC/S1P axis in early pathogenic skin changes contributes to the well documented yet still incompletely understood sex-dimorphic susceptibility to AD in humans.
Hearing the shape of right triangle billiard tables
Authors: Shen Yang , Yang Jiazhong
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we give a positive answer to the problem that whether one can identify the shape of a right triangle billiard table by a single bounce sequence. Moreover, a convenient method to calculate the shape of polygons is given in this paper, too.
Existence of finite time blow-up solutions in a normal form of the subcritical Hopf bifurcation with time-delayed feedback for small initial functions
Authors: Yagasaki Kazuyuki
Published: June 2021

We study a normal form of the subcritical Hopf bifurcation subjected to time-delayed feedback. An unstable periodic orbit is born at the bifurcation in the normal form without the delay and it can be stabilized by the time-delayed feedback. We show that there exist finite time blow-up solutions for small initial functions, near the bifurcation point, when the feedback gains are small. This can happen even if the origin is stable or the unstable periodic orbit of the normal form is stabilized by the delay feedback. We give numerical examples to illustrate the theoretical result.
On the history of Lie brackets, crossed modules, and Lie-Rinehart algebras
Authors: Huebschmann Johannes
Published: June 2021

This is an overview of ideas related to brackets in early homotopy theory, crossed modules, the obstruction 3-cocycle for the nonabelian extension problem, the Teichmüller cocycle, Lie-Rinehart algebras, Lie algebroids, and differential algebra.
Local well-posedness for a class of 1D Boussinesq systems
Authors: Montes Alex M. , Córdoba Ricardo
Published: June 2021

In this paper we study the local well-posedness for the Cauchy problem associated with a special class of one-dimensional Boussinesq systems that model the evolution of long water waves with small amplitude in the presence of surface tension.
Analysis of Rayleigh Taylor instability in nanofluids with rotation
Authors: Girotra Pooja , Ahuja Jyoti , Verma Dinesh
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on the hidden insights about the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of two superimposed horizontal layers of nanofluids having different densities in the presence of rotation factor. Conservation equations are subjected to linear perturbations and further analyzed by using the Normal Mode technique. A dispersion relation incorporating the effects of surface tension, Atwood number, rotation factor and volume fraction of nanoparticles is obtained. Using Routh-Hurtwitz criterion the stable and unstable modes of Rayleigh-Taylor instability are discussed in the presence/absence of nanoparticles and presented through graphs. It is observed that in the absence/presence of nanoparticles, surface tension helps to stabilize the system and Atwood number has a destabilizing impact without the consideration of rotation factor. But if rotation parameter is considered (in the absence/presence of nanoparticles) then surface tension destabilizes the system while Atwood number has a stabilization effect (for a particular range of wave number). The volume fraction of nanoparticles destabilizes the system in the absence of rotation but in the presence of rotation the stability of the system is significantly stimulated by the nanoparticles.
The Impact of Blended Learning using the Ideas Box on the Motivation for Learning Among Non-formal Syrian Female Refugee Students in Jordan
Authors: Alkhatib Asma’a S. , Jaradat Suhair A.
Published: June 2021

The study aims to identify the impact of blended learning using the Ideas Box on the motivation toward learning among non-formal education female students in the Syrian refugee camps in Jordan. A semi-experimental approach was adopted; the sample of the study consisted of 30 female students enrolled in the Culture Promotion Program for Dropouts, second cycle, in the JOHUD Center for Social Support in January 2020. The experimental group consisted of 15 students who were taught the Islamic Pillars unit using the Ideas Box while the control group consisted of 15 students taught the same unit using the traditional way. Results show that there were no significant differences in mean scores of motivation between the two groups. This finding stresses the need for redesigning the current program used to teach students receiving the non-formal education to incorporate the Ideas Box into the curriculum.
De Facto Segregation and the Digital Divide
Authors: Reza Fawzia
Published: June 2021

While de jure segregation is illegal in the United States, many school systems still enforce a form of de facto segregation, based on various factors including socio-economic status. This causes disparity in educational outcomes, especially when examined through the lens of skills identified by the partnership for 21st century learning (i.e., critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity). A digital divide, which has been created by unequal access to technology, is directly responsible for an uneven playing field for disadvantaged students, and the COVID-19 crisis has exacerbated existing inequalities. Suggestions regarding how to reduce the digital divide are shared; implementing these might create a more equitable learning environment for all students.
Maritime English at CINEC: A Needs Analysis
Authors: Widyalankara Rohini Chandrica
Published: June 2021

The goal of this study is to investigate the needs of Sri Lankan students at Colombo International Nautical and Engineering College (CINEC) in learning and using English in maritime contexts. Derived from concepts of Task-based Needs Analysis this study compiled data on academic and professional contexts along with self-assessed receptive and productive skills in English of the respondents. The methodology consisted of a questionnaire and random interviews with 115 respondents across three strata: entry level Cadets and Ratings who are the target population; Experienced (M=15 years) seafarers who construct a contrastive population. All respondents were bilingual in Sinhala/Tamil and a variety of Sri Lankan English. The data analysis of self-assessed proficiency in English language skills specifies that the Cadets (M=4.2) outranked the experienced seafarers (M=3.0) and the Ratings (M=2.8). The findings across all three strata indicate that all seafarers consider all four language skills Very important for success in their field. Identifying the need for correct grammar the experienced seafarers with an Acceptable self-estimated level of grammar (M=3.07) stated that it is Usually required. It is interesting to note that Ratings who self-assessed their level of grammar as Poor (M=2.50) assumed that correct grammar was Never (M=1.47) required in their profession. All respondents unanimously considered Speaking; and Listening to users of other Englishes of the World as Very Important. This study offers further insights into making the teaching/learning process of Maritime English at CINEC beneficial for all stakeholders.
Exploring Relationship between Freight Forwarder Selection and Size of the Organization: Multinomial Regression Analysis
Authors: Gamachchige Jayathmi D. , Mudunkotuwa M. R. S.
Published: June 2021

Global economy tends to focus on more imports and exports, where businesses needs more and more support from 3PL providers to smooth their complicated business processes. When it comes to international business, there are a lot of regulations and steps to be followed. Starting from making a booking with the carrier, reserving space, negotiating better rates, equipment reservations, fumigation, obtaining certificates, clearing, and border regulations are few events involved. As a solution to the complicated processes freight forwarders came in to industry so that the business can focus on their core activities while forwarders involve in the transport and logistics processes. Hence the purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between freight forwarder selection and size of the organization and help to improve the service quality of the freight forwarding industry and identify whether there is a relationship between the frequencies of using forwarders with the size of organization. In order to carry out the research a questionnaire survey was developed using prior research, articles and distributed among the sample of 250 shippers which was selected out of the 1557 exporting companies in 23 industries in Sri Lanka. Multinomial Regression analysis was used to analyse data and Pseudo R-Square method was use to further confirm the relationship in between the dependent and independent variables. Findings identified a relationship between factors with organization size and the frequency of using freight forwarders. It is recommended to the policy makers of freight forwarding companies to consider the relationship and focus more on large scale organizations to enhance their profit and build relationships with the flourishing companies.
Sri Lankan University Students’ and English Lecturers’ Acceptance of Selected Sri Lankan English Prepositional Verbs: Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Dissanayake Achala K.
Published: June 2021

One of the characteristic features of Sri Lankan English (SLE) is the use of verb-preposition combinations which do no not exist in British Standard English (BSE).  Such verb formations, which could be classified as prepositional verbs, are used in abundance in SLE newspapers. This research focuses on the levels of acceptance displayed by Sri Lankan university lecturers of the English Language and Sri Lankan university students currently following English courses at the English Language Teaching Units (ELTUs) of their respective universities. The results obtained through an acceptability test firstly point to high levels of acceptance of these verb formations among university students and English lecturers of Sri Lankan universities. Secondly, the findings show that the acceptance levels displayed by the university students is higher than those displayed by English lecturers. Finally, the results reveal that, out of three SLE prepositional verbs, ‘discuss about’ is the verb that has received the highest level of acceptance where the university students are concerned. On the contrary, with regard to the English lecturers, ‘comprise of’ has received the highest level of acceptance. This paper highlights some implications that these acceptance levels displayed by Sri Lankan undergraduates and English lecturers have on the teaching of these verb formations in particular, and the pedagogy, in general, of English as a Second Language (ESL) in Sri Lanka.
Effects of Obesity-Associated Chronic Inflammation on Peripheral Blood Immunophenotype Are Not Mediated by TNF in Female C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Breznik Jessica A , Foley Kevin P , Maddiboina Dhanyasri , Schertzer Jonathan D , Sloboda Deborah M , Bowdish Dawn M E
Published: June 2021

Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in obesity contributes to the development and progression of aspects of metabolic syndrome. In obese male mice, expanded adipose tissue releases proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF, which promotes an increase in immature, proinflammatory, peripheral blood Ly-6Chigh monocytes. The aim of this study was to characterize how TNF alters circulating cellular immunity in female mice with diet-induced obesity. We initially quantified peripheral blood immune cells by flow cytometry in female wild-type C57BL/6J mice after 3–30 wk of allocation to a high-fat (HF) or standard chow diet. We assessed effects of diet and time on neutrophil, monocyte, B cell, NK cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell populations. There was a significant interaction of the effects of diet type and time on the numbers and prevalence of circulating total monocytes and Ly-6Chigh, Ly-6Clow, and Ly-6C− subsets. Circulating monocytes, in particular Ly-6Chigh monocytes, were increased in HF-fed mice compared with chow-fed mice. Ly-6Chigh monocytes from HF-fed mice also had a more immature phenotype yet were highly responsive to the chemotactic ligand CCL2 and had greater intracellular production of TNF. Comparisons of the effects of HF diet feeding in littermate wild-type (TNF+/+) and TNF−/− female mice showed that genetic ablation of TNF did not protect from higher adiposity or an increase in circulating, immature, proinflammatory Ly-6Chigh monocytes during HF diet–induced obesity. These data emphasize the importance of considering biological sex when determining the mechanisms of TNF action in obesity-induced cellular inflammation and in other chronic inflammatory conditions.
Influence of native language on Nasalance values in Kannada and Malayalam speakers
Authors: Girish K. S. , Pushpavathi M. , Satish H. V.
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Nasalance values vary across languages. Therefore, establishing separate normative values of nasalance for each language and studying their influence on each other becomes important for the assessment and management of persons with resonance disorders. So the present study aimed at comparing the nasalance values of vowels, unvoiced syllables, and voiced syllables between native Kannada speakers and native Malayalam speakers. The present study also compared the nasalance values of meaningful words, oral sentences, and nasal sentences (for both English and Kannada languages) between native Kannada speakers and native Malayalam speakers.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve native Kannada speakers and 12 native Malayalam speakers (age range – 18–23 years) served as participants. The test stimuli included a standardized set of meaningful words, oral sentences, and nasal sentences in both English and Kannada, vowels, unvoiced syllables, and voiced syllables. The data were recorded and the values were obtained from the Nasometer.

Results:

The results revealed a higher nasalance value for Malayalam speakers (/a/-29,i/-45.41,u/-19.50, unvoiced syllables-16.96, voiced syllables-21.63, words-22.71, oral sentences-21.40, and nasal sentences-60.15) than for Kannada speakers (/a/-14.90,i/-32.60,u/-10.50, unvoiced syllables-11.59, voiced syllables-16.99, words-15.83, oral sentences-13.62, and nasal sentences-56.18) across all the stimuli considered. However, a statistically significant difference was found only on vowels.

Conclusions:

The present study indicated that in bilingual or trilingual speakers, there is an effect of native language on the Nasalance Values of second and/or third language.
Ease, harvesting, and accuracy of cancellous versus corticocancellous bone graft materials used in cleft alveolar bone grafting
Authors: Datarkar Abhay , Valvi Bhavana , Parmar Suraj
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the difference between cancellous and corticocancellous bone graft harvested from the anterior iliac crest in the management of unilateral complete cleft alveolus patients.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 20 patients of unilateral complete cleft alveolus with age ranging from 7 to 15 years were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I comprises 10 patients treated with cancellous bone graft and Group II consists of 10 patients treated with corticocancellous bone graft. Trapdoor technique for cancellous and enblock removal for corticocancellous bone graft was done. Both the grafts were evaluated for ease of harvesting and handling and ease, adequacy, and accuracy of graft filling.

Results:

Harvesting and graft handling was easy in Group I patients, whereas in patients of Group II, it was moderate. In Group I, ease of graft filling was adequate in 90% of patients and acceptable in 10% of patients. In Group II, ease of graft filling was acceptable in 100% of patients. In Group I, the mean time required for bone harvesting was 9.28 ± 2.97 min, whereas in Group II, it was 15.00 ± 1.98 min. Accuracy of graft filling was adequate in both the groups, and no statically significant difference was found between both the groups in terms of accuracy of graft filling.

Conclusion:

Corticocancellous bone graft is equally good as cancellous bone graft and it can be used successfully as a substitute for cancellous bone graft.
Nasolabial island flap for management of post osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis oroantral fistula
Authors: Panse Nikhil , Narsimhan Aditya , Dadhe Prasad
Published: June 2021

Osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP) is a procedure that is beneficial to patients with end-stage ocular disease, which is not amenable to corneal transplantation. It involves the harvest of tooth lamina and implantation of lamina cortex into the eye. The oroantral fistula (OAF) is one of the most disastrous complications of this procedure. The complication of an OAF during the harvest of a molar for an OOKP procedure can be prevented by applying a sound surgical technique. However, in case an OAF develops, it can be managed by a variety of options depending on the dimensions of the defect. In this report, we present the use of a nasolabial flap along with an upper sulcus flap for coverage of an OAF after undergoing an OOKP procedure. Measures to avoid this disastrous complication have also been discussed.
Eicosanoid imbalance correlates in vitro with the pattern of clinical symptoms of Samter's triad
Authors: Forster U. , Strathmann S. , Schafer D. , Szczepek A.J. , Olze H.
Published: June 2021

Background: Hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is often associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and asthma, together known as Samter's triad. The disease is characterised by eicosanoid imbalance. In our study, we determined clinical and laboratory parameters in respect of three groups of patients: 1) CRSwNP, 2) CRSwNP and asthma (CRSwNP-A), and 3) CRSwNP with asthma and NSAID-triggered hypersensitivity (CRSwNP-AA). Our main goal was to improve the characterisation of the stages of development in Samter's triad, pointing to the homogeneous or heterogeneous course of disease. Methodology: Forty-three patients (10 CRSwNP, 14 CRSwNP-A, 19 CRSwNP-AA) and 10 control subjects were included in the study. Nasal assessment using the CRS visual analogue score, endoscopy- and computer tomography scores, allergy tests, analysis of sinus surgeries, asthma severity and in vitro functional eicosanoid tests (FET) with peripheral blood leucocytes were performed. Results: The scores reflecting CRS symptoms such as nasal congestion, nasal discharge and smell impairment differed between the patients groups reflecting the severity of disease (CRSwNP-AA > CRSwNP-A > CRSwNP). Eicosanoid imbalance correlated with nasal congestion, nasal discharge and loss of smell. Conclusion: The data presented support the hypothesis of the continuous development of NSAID-triggered hypersensitivity, culminating in Samter's triad.
Congenital problems of mucociliary clearance: primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Rimmer Joanne
Published: June 2021

Mucociliary clearance is a primary defence mechanism of the airway that can be altered in congenital diseases such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis, as well as acquired conditions. This article focuses on primary ciliary dyskinesia and the diagnostic approach to it, which is still evolving.
Environmental factors forcing pattern of in-stream fish assemblages of the lower cross river estuary at Oron, southeast Nigeria
Authors: Udoh J.P. , Okon I.E.
Published: June 2021

No Abstract.
GC-MS analysis of essential oil from Anethum graveolens L (dill) seeds extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Li Hongbo , Zhou Wei , Hu Yongshuai , Mo Haizhen , Wang Jinshui , Hu Liangbin
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To conduct gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of the chemical compositions of dill seed essential oil (DSEO) obtained by supercritical CO2.

Methods: The impact on extraction yield were examined by single factor test, the particle size of dill seed, extraction temperature, time, pressure, as well as CO2 flux. The best extraction conditions were obtained by an orthogonal test. The chemical configurations of essential oil were examined by GC-MS analysis.

Results: The optimal extraction conditions included an extraction time of 120 min, particle size of 60 mesh, CO2 flow of 25 L/h, temperature of 40oC, and pressure of 20 MPa. Under these conditions, the yield of essential oil was 6.7 %. Out of 38 recognized compounds, the main ones were D-carvone (40.36 %), D-limonene (19.31 %), apiol (17.50 %), α-pinene (6.43 %), 9-octadecenoic acid (9.00 %) as well as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (2.44 %).

Conclusion: A total of 38 constituents of the essential oil obtained by supercritical CO2 were identified. The findings may provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive utilization of dill seed essential oil (DSEO) from China.
Self-medication with oral antibiotics among University students in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Kubaisi Khalid , SteCroix Mark , Vinson Don , Sharif Suleiman , Abduelkarem Abduelmula
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of antibiotic use without prescriptions and to identify factors associated with this behavior among university students using oral non-prescription drugs (ONPD).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of major universities in UAE. A multistage sampling technique was used in the present study.

Results: Out of 2875 students, only 2355 (81.9 %) questionnaire were fully answered and included. Of 2355, more than half (1348; 57.2 %) of the participants reported using ONPD. More than one-third (484, 35.9 %) of 1348 participants used antibiotics without a prescription during the 90 days prior to the present study. Binary logistic regression identified nine statistically significant variables: nationality (OR = 0.471, 95 % CI: 0.326 - 0.681, p < 0.001); cost-influence behavior (OR = 1.716, 95 % CI: 1.175 - 2.508, p < 0.005); belief in ONPD effectiveness (OR = 0.332, 95 % CI: 0 .135 - 0.815, p < 0.05); year of study (OR = 0.310, 95 %, CI: 0.141 - 0.681, p < 0.004); medication knowledge (OR = 0.619, 95 % CI: 0.443 - 0.866, p < 0.005); self-care orientation (OR=1.878, 95 % CI: 1.304 - 2.706, p < 0.001); using ONPD helps to save money (OR=1.665, 95 % CI: 1.047-2.649, p<0.04); and urgency of use (OR = 1.644, 95 %, CI: 1.144 - 2.363, p < 0.007); as well as being healthcare students (OR = 1.465, 95 %, CI: 1.012 - 2.120, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: There is a need for educational intervention to improve students’ knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding the risk of using antibiotics without prescriptions.
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor inhibits apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant pancreatic cancer cells via upregulation of EGFR and ERCC 1 expressions
Authors: Zhou Lingyang , Wang Yuming , Lan Shenghong , Hu Mingfu , Lu Lipeng
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the influence of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) on apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, as well as its mechanism of action.

Methods: Pancreatic cancer cisplatin-resistant cells (BXPC-3/CDDP) were transfected with HB-EGF small interfering RNA (siRNA). The cells were randomly assigned to four groups, namely, BXPC-3 group (group A), BXPC-3/CDDP group (group B), transfected group A (group Asi) and transfected group B (group Bsi). Cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay, and the levels of expression of HBEGF, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC 1) were determined using Western blotting. The extent of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry.

Results: Cell proliferation was increased in group B, relative to group A, but was significantly decreased after transfection with HB-EGF siRNA (p < 0.05). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of group Bsi was reduced, relative to group Asi (p < 0.05). The expression of HB-EGF was significantly upregulated in group B, relative to group A (p < 0.05). In contrast, HB-EGF siRNA transfection of the cells significantly down-regulated HB-EGF expression (p < 0.05). Early apoptosis was significantly higher in group A than in groups B and Bsi. Higher levels of apoptosis were seen in group Bsi, relative to group B after inhibition of HB-EGF expression (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These results indicate that HB-EGF is resistant to cisplatin, and it inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via the upregulation of EGFR and ERCC 1 expressions.
Investigation of in vivo protective effect of orally administered vitamin E and selenium against gentamicininduced renal and hepatic toxicity
Authors: Al-Doaiss Amin A. , Jarrar Yazun B.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se) combination against gentamycin (GM)-induced renal and hepatic toxicity in rats.

Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were administrated GM at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day, with or without Se (1.5 mg/kg/day), and/or Vit E (250 mg/kg/day) for a period of 4 weeks. Serum samples from each rat were subjected to biochemical analysis for kidney and liver functions, while kidney and liver biopsies were also investigated by histological examination.

Results: GM significantly increased serum creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and free radicals (p < 0.05). Moreover, GM induced significant histological and ultrastructural alterations in the renal and hepatic tissues of the rats. Exposure to a combination of Vit E and Se did not attenuate the GM-induced toxicity in renal and hepatic tissues.

Conclusion: These results suggest that Vit E and Se combination have no significant protective role against GM-induced hepatic and renal toxicity.