bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’analyse De L’impact Des Dimensions Éthiques Et Culturelles Sur L’intégration Relationnelle Des Supply Chains : Cas Du Maroc
Authors: Mohamed Akhlaffou , Hafsa Lechheb
Published: June 2016

This article aims to explore the determinants of Moroccan culture and analyze their influence on the relational integration of Supply Chains, by answering the following research question: Does Moroccan culture present favorable characteristics to the relational integration of Supply Chains? Given the fact that the relational integration of Supply Chains (Bowersox et al., 1996, 1999,2000) represents the cornerstone of the philosophy of Supply Chain Management (Mentzer et al., 2001). And since the national culture showed its influence on values and lifestyles (Sun, Horn and Merritt, 2004), on negotiations (Adair and Brett, 2005), and on behavior and ethics (Elahee, Kirby and Nasif, 2002). Consequently, we can estimate that national culture can have influence on the integration of Supply Chains and the building of trust between partners. The methodology adopted is both qualitative and quantitative, and is inscribed in the framework of moderate positivist epistemological position. The combination of methods will lead us to identify and deeply understand our research problematic.
Classic Insolvency Prediction Models Tested On Romanian Insurance Companies
Authors: Oniga Alexandra
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to analyse the applicability of classical bankruptcy prediction models for the Romanian insurance companies. Using four models, the Altman model, the Z-factor model, the Springate model and the model used to determine insolvency probability for the emerging markets we have conducted a study to see if they apply to Romanian insurance companies’ financial statements for the years between 2011 and 2013. We will present each model separately, analysing the indicators that led to the obtained results. In the end, we will combine the results to establish the applicability of these models to the Romanian insurance sector.
Knowledge Sharing Behavior Of Business Teachers Of Pakistani Universities: An Empirical Testing Of Theory Of Planned Behavior
Authors: Hassan Masoodul , Aksel Ibrahim , Nawaz Muhammad Saqib , Shaukat Sadia
Published: June 2016

This study aims to explain the knowledge sharing behavior of business teachers of Pakistani Universities using the theory of planned behavior. For this purpose, data was collected from 157 business teachers serving in the Pakistani Universities. Smart-PLS has been used to analyze the collected data. Factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha confirmed the validity and reliability of the measurement scales. Similarly, Structural model were applied to find out the relationship among independent variables (attitude towards knowledge sharing, subjective norms of knowledge sharing, perceived behavioral control of knowledge sharing) and dependent variable (knowledge sharing intention and knowledge sharing behavior). The findings show positive and significant relationship among all the study variables.
Is Higher Education Internationalizing In Turkey?
Authors: Findik Leyla Yilmaz
Published: June 2016

European countries has undergone many reforms and strategies based on Bologna Process objectives to become key players in this global knowledge network. This internationalization phenomenon has affected various aspects of Turkish higher education system and Turkey set an agenda to benefit from this international environment and attract foreign students. The main aim of the study is to discuss internationalization in higher education and review of the present status of student mobility in higher education in Turkey after the launch of Bologna Process. The study will provide a picture of internationalizing and mobility in higher education in Turkey to address strategic questions related to the future of higher education in Turkey, and to discuss in detail with the aim of shedding light on new planning. The research was structured as a descriptive study and used secondary data received from Council of Higher Education (CoHE) published on the web site as well as international documents and reports. According to the findings of the study, it is impossible at that moment to report accurately that much progress has been made on internationalizing in higher education in Turkey.
Ethics Codes Of The Hungarian Top 200 Companies
Authors: Szeged Krisztina , Szilágyi Roland
Published: June 2016

The aim of this current article is to summarize the statements regarding the code of ethics examined in the empirical research of the Hungarian TOP 200 corporate ethics institution system. This study was conducted by the Ethics and Transparency work team of the Hungarian Business Leaders Forum. The research indicates that in Hungary, similar to transitional economies, the codes of ethics are also undeveloped. The main purposes of introducing the code of ethics include providing guidelines for employees, declaring ethical commitment, and the development of company’s culture. Based on the topics, emphasis is laid on protecting the interests of the companies. However, improving competitiveness and meeting the expectations of stakeholders plays an insignificant role. The practice of the code of ethics in the Hungarian large companies contradicts the global tendency that the codes are more and more comprehensive. Thus, they contain several objectives that define corporate responsibility, and they not only focus on the do's and don’ts of employees.
Uso De Un Polímero Hidrófilo A Base De Poliacrilamida Para Mejorar La Eficiencia En El Uso Del Agua
Authors: López-Elías Jesús , Garza O. Sergio , Jiménez L. José , Huez L. Marco Antonio , Garrido L. Oscar Damián
Published: June 2016

As an alternative in search of new options to reduce overexploitation of groundwater that allow us to increase agricultural profitability in water scarce areas, the behavior of a commercial hydrophilic polymer based in polyacrylamide (PAM) Lluvia solida®, was analyzed by evaluating the polymer hydration capacity. The tests that we used showed that this polymer is capable of absorbing its own weight in 268 times when using distilled water. When salts are dissolved in the water, the polymer reduces its water absorbing capacity, the hydration capacity being lower as the salt content increases, with a water absorption reduction up to 116 times its weight. The polymer hydration capacity also decreases significantly when a complete nutritive solution is used, reducing water absorption up to 55 times its weight; in the presence of divalent (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and monovalent (K+ and NH4 +) cations the polymer hydration capacity reduces proportionally to the cation concentration as an exponential function. Urea did not have any effect in the polymer hydration, thus this fertilizer may be used along with the polymer. The use of this hydrophilic polymer is a tool that improves the water use efficiency but the effect depends on water quality, being reduced by the presence of salts in water.
Credit Scoring for M-Shwari using Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Davis Bundi Ntwiga, , Patrick Weke
Published: June 2016

The introduction of mobile based Micro-credit facility, M-Shwari, has heightened the need to develop a proper decision support system to classify the customers based on their credit scores. This arises due to lack of proper information on the poor and unbanked as they are locked out of the formal banking sector. A classification technique, the hidden Markov model, is used. The poor customers’ scanty deposits and withdrawal dynamics in the M-Shwari account estimate the credit risk factors that are used in training and learning the hidden Markov model. The data is generated through simulation and customers categorized in terms of their credit scores and credit quality levels. The model classifies over 80 percent of the customers as having average and good credit quality level. This approach offers a simple and novice method to cater for the unbanked and poor with minimal or no financial history thus increasing financial inclusion in Kenya.
Étude Des Aspects Épidémiologiques Du Choléra Dans Le District De Santé De Tcholliré (Nord- Cameroun)
Authors: Ndié Justin , Bayoro Isaac , Takoukam Isidore , Wina Paul
Published: June 2016

Cholera evolves in an endemo-epidemic mode in developing countries. In Cameroon, because of the weakness of our health system, mainly of the epidemiologic surveillance and inadequate timely response, many localities in our country are faced with intermittent cholera epidemics. This study was aimed at analyzing the epidemiological aspects of cholera in the Tcholliré Health District (North Region-Cameroon) in 2011. We therefore applied a retrospective cross-sectional study using data on cholera cases registered within the 27th and the 40th epidemiological weeks in the Tcholliré Health District in 2011. All patients infected with cholera were included. The demographic, clinical and therapeutic variables, as well as the origin and the evolution of cases were drawn from the cholera data base of the Tcholliré Health District. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Excel software. Between the 27th and 40th epidemiological weeks, 334 cases of cholera were notified in the Tcholliré Health District. The sex ratio was 1.27 (187M/147W), the men were most infected (56%). The mean age was 28±17 years, youths aged 16 to 34 were the age group that were most affected with 42.20%. The number of cases varied significantly based on the sex ratio and the health area (p = 0.012). The rate of relapse was 0.61 % and the mortality rate was 1.2%. All the patients had watery stools and vomiting. In addition, all patients were treated primarily with intravenous normal saline at 0.9% or Ringer Lactate and ORS for oral therapy. The antibiotic used was Doxycycline 100 mg. Cholera remains a diarrheal disease that threatens all regions in Cameroon. It comes about as a result of a deficiency in individual and collective hygienic practices, and a passive epidemiologic monitoring. Nevertheless, the institution of a monitoring system and also effective combat methods will significantly reduce the recurrence of cholera epidemics.
Caracterisation Agro-Morphologique Des Accessions D’arachide (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Pour La Teneur En Huile
Authors: Issa Alleidi , Falalou Hamidou , Maârouhi Inoussa Manan , Yacoubou Bakasso , Didier Zongo Jean
Published: June 2016

In Niger, groundnut [Arachis hypogaea (L.)] is a leguminous crop cultivated in large area. Its seeds are used by oil industries. Groundnut oil is well appreciated by consumers notably in rural areas. The aim of this study was to select the accessions and taxa with high oil content and identify the oil content related traits. Thus, 20 accessions (9 local and 11 improved) belonging to 5 taxa types (FST, VUL, PRU, HYR, and HYB) were planted in randomized block design with three replications. Fifteen traits were investigated in field while oil content was quantified in laboratory. An analysis of variance was performed on all measured traits. Discriminant factorial analysis (AFD) was performed on taxon types, correlation between oil content and other traits was determined. Analysis revealed high and significant correlation between oil content and seed size. In the study, groundnut accessions ICG 8352 and ICG 9991 (oil content 52.8%) and taxon Fastigiata (oil content 48.52%) recorded highest oil content. Seed size and taxon type in groundnut could be criteria to select genotypes for oil industries.
Effect Of Light Environment On Harvest Quality And Postharvest Behavior Of Minimally Processed Sweet Pepper
Authors: Frezza Diana , Miquel Aina M. Pons , Logegaray Veronica , Leon Adrian P. , Chiesa, D. Angel
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two light environments on two maturity stages of sweet pepper and the postharvest behavior of minimally processed product using passive modified atmosphere. The size and fruit morphology were measured at harvest. Overall visual quality, gas concentration inside the bags, weight loss, soluble solids, firmness, electrolyte leakage, carotenoids and ascorbic acid were determined during the storage period. Results showed that quality parameters were affected by radiation and processing. Shaded pepper fruits showed higher water content and lower size compared to fruits exposed to full radiation. Fruit nutritional value was maintained, but after six days was not marketable. Visual quality of intact fruit was not affected without differences between treatments. Shelf life processed red fruits as julienne was reduced, being the worst performing during storage. Post-harvest visual quality was in relation to gases composition (O2 and CO2) inside the trays.
Évaluation du Coefficient De Frottement Dans Le Cas D’un Écoulement À Surface Libre
Authors: Karim Lahmar , Larue Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2016

A large number of empirical formulas such as Bazin and Manning’s formulas are used to estimate stream flows for design purpose. Discharge is calculated by standard equations that are all based on an empirical coefficient found to be a characteristic of the wall and not of its relative roughness features. This, in turn, would yield different results displayed during the calculation of Chezy coefficient while using standard materials. In open channel flows, features on the wall may have an important effect in assessing flow properties such as friction, velocity, and discharge. In this context, we have led an experimental study on a rectangular channel using the boundary layer and turbulence theory. The rectangular channel understudy is characterized by Plexiglas walls having three different roughness conditions. The study is carried out using abrasive papers with different dimensions. The results of the experiment reveals that for the three wall conditions (i.e. Plexiglas P220 and P80) and in the case of hydraulically smooth and torrential flow, the friction is estimated by Pranldt Von Karman’s formula. The same conclusion can be drawn for the different experimental tests performed on a bi-dimensional channel with a bottom made of PVC in a hydraulically smooth and fluvial flow. However, considerable discrepancy between results obtained has been inferred. Actually, there is a difference between values calculated by Chezy coefficient formula and those calculated by Manning’s formula. The latter is widely used in recent investigation especially when it comes to the transition from open channel flow to pipe flow (i.e. closed-conduit flow). In the present study, in the case of transition between a hydraulically smooth flow and a rough one (detected only in the case of P80), the friction factor is represented by a form similar to that of Colebrook White.
Intermittent Prediction Method Based On Marcov Method And Grey Prediction Method
Authors: Jiang Aiping , Gao Junjun , Wan Ying , Zhao Xinyi , Shan Siqi
Published: June 2016

This paper concentrates on the intermittent demand for electric power supply and studies the method of demand prediction. This chapter first divides the demand for electric power supply into two statistical sequences: (1) sequence of demand occurrence, among which “1”stands for the occurrence of demand,“0”means that the demand fails to occur; (2) sequence of demand quantity. Next the author predicts the moment of time and the number of times n that demand occurs within a specific time interval in the future based on 0-1 sequence using Markov arrival process (MAP). Then the paper forecasts the demand quantity in subsequent n intervals using Grey prediction model GM (1, 1) based on the sequence of demand quantity. Finally, the author places the demand quantity in the n intervals in order at the moments where demand occurs to get the predicted result of demand for electric material with intermittent demand. According to instance analysis, the integrated approach mentioned in this paper surpasses existing methods in providing accurate prediction on data of product with intermittent demand.
Keanekaragaman dan Kemerataan Spesies Anggota Ordo Anura di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi Tahun 2012
Authors: Yudha Donan Satria , Yonathan Yonathan , Eprilurahman Rury , Indriawan Septiana , Cahyaningrum Eka
Published: June 2016

Merapi volcano as one of national park is an ecotourism site which is very potential to visit. Information about species diversity for a national park is very important especially if its area fluctuated susceptibly. Two years after 2010 Merapi eruption, there are no research about species diversity and evenness of Anuran in that place. The research is carried out during June-November 2012 which is dry season. The objective of this research is to study the species diversity and evenness of Anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi. The research is carried out in 6 locations; those are Kali Kuning, Telogo Muncar, Telogo Nirmolo, Petak Pitu, Bukit Turgo, and Bukit Plawangan. We used Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method combined with transect in Kali Kuning, Telogo Muncar, and Petak Pitu. VES method combined with time search in Telogo Nirmolo and Bukit Turgo. VES method combined with track exploration in Bukit Plawangan. Species diversity is analyzed with Shanon-Wiener diversity index. Species evenness is analyzed with Pielou evenness index. Total individuals each species is counted to know species abundance. Species diversity of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is consisted of 12 species’ which is distributed in 6 locations. The highest diversity and evenness of anuran is at Bukit Turgo (H’=1.31; E=0.94). The lowest diversity and evenness of anuran is at Petak Pitu (H’=0.49; E=0.3). Species diversity of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is low (Bukit Turgo and Kali Kuning) and very low (Bukit Plawangan, Telogo Muncar, Telogo Nirmolo, and Petak Pitu). Species evenness of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is stable (Telogo Nirmolo and Bukit Turgo), still labil (Bukit Plawangan, Kali Kuning, and Telogo Muncar), and oppressed (Petak Pitu).
Penentuan Jenis Kelamin Benih Ikan Betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata Blkr.) dengan Teknik Truss Morphometrics
Authors: Atang Atang , Suryaningsih Suhestri , Abulias Muh. Nadjmi
Published: June 2016

A study on The Gender Determination Of Betutu Germ (Oxyeleotris marmorata Blkr.) by Truss Morphometrics used survey method with Simple Random Sampling design, Betutu’s germ as sample were taken from Penjalin reservoir,  Brebes. The 26 distance of 13 pile points were based or Truss Morphometrics it were recorded as variables. The result of this research indicated that the size of Betutu’s A2 (origin anterior tip of snout at upper jaw – most posterior aspect of neurocranium), A4 (origin posterior point maxillary – origin of pelvic fin), B5 (origin of pelvic fin – origin of dorsal fin), B6 (origin of pelvic fin – origin of anal fin), D1 (insertion of anal fin – origin of lower caudal fin) and D3 (insertion of dorsal II fin – origin of lower caudal fin) can differentiate the gender of Betutu’s germ.
Pengaruh Limbah Organik terhadap Status Tropik, Rasio N/P serta Kelimpahan Fitoplankton di Waduk Panglima Besar Soedirman Kabupaten Banjarnegara
Authors: Widyastuti Endang , Sukanto Sukanto , Setyaningrum Nuning
Published: June 2016

The increased of organic substance pollutans in waters as one of stimulate factors for phytoplankton growth. The input of organic matter from antrophogenic  activity tend to influence the trophic state of reservoir. The aims of this research are to examine the influence of organic waste to Panglima Soedirman reservoir concerning the trophic state, Redfield ratio N and P, also the relation with abundance of phytoplankton. This research used survey methods with purposive sampling technique on 7 obsevation stations with 3 repeating conducted on May-July 2013. The result of the research showed that the input of organic matter increased in BOD5, COD and ammonia in reservoir and trophic state. Redfield ratio was shown 19,13-65,82 which means P as a limiting factor. Relationship between N/P with the abundance of phytoplankton with degree was strong correlated with chlorophyta and chrysophyta.
Kritik M. Mustafa Azami Terhadap Pemikiran Para Orientalis tentang Hadis Rasulullah
Authors: Kamaruddin Kamaruddin
Published: June 2016

One of controversial conclusions of the orientalists’ study on the hadis is that the authenticity of the hadis is actually not as high as the Muslims believed so far, because none of the traditions of the Prophet is truly authentic from the Prophet, especially the tradition re­lating to fiqh. The conclusion was in turn confirmed that it is very dif­ficult to trust the hadis literature as a whole as an authentic record of all the sayings and practices of Prophet Muhammad. The conclusion has thus aroused reactions from the Muslim researchers, among others, a leading researcher on hadis, Muhammad Mustafa Azami. Azamifound that doubts expressed by the orientalists in the system of sanad are due to the their methodological errors in studying on sanad material studies, that is because they generally did not examine the chain of transmis­sion based on the hadis main books, but on the books of fiqh and sirah wich were prepared in different way from the hadis book. Azami refu­ted the conclusions of the Orientalists and proved the authenticity of the hadis in several ways, included comparing the hadis from many students’ collections with their teachers’collections of hadis, comparing the state­ments of the scholars from different times, comparing with the of written documents, and comparing the hadis with verses of the Koran related.
Pendidikan Konselor Religius
Authors: Naqiyah Najlatun
Published: June 2016

The presentation of religious and spiritual issues is a common occurance in counselling. Are counselors competent to address this issue? This paper will address this issue. An exploration of the ways religion coming up in counseling will be discussed along with suggestions for its practices. The discussion will pay attention on the issue of educational counselor and the preparation for counselors to meet the spiritual and religious needs of their clients. In this paper this writer brings out discussion on counseling and its relation to religion through an attempt of rereading literatures in order to provide understanding as to how religion could be understood in the light of counseling. This paper also brings into focus the personality of counselor, and anything concerned to the relation of counseling and the religiousity of client. Issues of ethic for counseling in treating a religious client will be discussed as well. Thus, the discussion of religion and educational counselor will answer the question as to where it would lead to? In the lattest discussion of this paper, this writer’s suggestion on developing a subject of counseling and guidance in any universities offering Islamic Studies and on treatment of religious clients with religious approachment will be dealt with. From this point, this writer brings about a suggestion to the university.
Studi Efisiensi Perbankan Syariah di Kota Lhokseumawe dan Aceh Utara
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar
Published: June 2016

The development of Islamic banking in Aceh should have get more attention because its existence is not only as complement of the
national banking system, but also as an attempt to fill the Islamic Shari ’a with the Islamic financial institutions. The issue becomes important to investigate since the efficiency of banking institutions urgently need to this performance. Thus, in this study, the efficiency of Islamic banking will be viewed from two aspects: Firstly, the ability of the bank in generating output, in this case the low cost of financing. Secondly, efficiency can also be observed by looking at the bank’s performance in minimizing the risk of financing. This study concluded that the main difficulty of Aceh Islamic banks is not the lack of cheap enough money so that the efficiency becomes less when it is compared with the required cost. However, the annual report shows that the assets of Islamic banks have developed positively and good. Likewise, the ratio of Non Performing Ratio (NPF) of Islamic banks is efficient. The study recommends enhancing the cheap fundraising (al-wadi <’ah) to increase the economic growth in the northern coastal area of Aceh.
Eksistensi DPS dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Pembiayaan, Kinerja Keuangan dan Pengungkapan CSR pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Masykuroh Ely
Published: June 2016

The research was conducted as motivated by previous research related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Previous research
found mixed results seen from factors that influence the level of disclosure of CSR such as size, leverage, profitability (financial performance), board composition and ownership structure. The results of these findings is the space to do the test again to make the development or change in methodology. While the results of related research in Islamic banks are financing gap (lack). To the researchers intend to analyze whether the financial effect on the financial performance of Islamic banks as well as the extent to which the existence of the Syaria Supervisory Board moderating relationship. After that study also examines whether financial performance (profitability) affect the disclosure of CSR by entering the variable composition of the Council to moderate the relationship. Methodology that differentiates it from previous research, the supervisory board who previously used as a moderating variable became an independent variable by using Islamicity Disclosure Index and analysis tool using the Moderation Regression Analysis. The results showed no significant effect of financing, profitability and CSR Disclosure, and the role of DPS was also moderate the influence of the relationship between financing and profitability, but the Board of Commissioners did not moderate the influence of the relationship between profitability and CSR disclosure
DERADIKALISASI DAN INTEGRASI NILAI-NILAI PLURALITAS DALAM KURIKULUM PESANTREN SALAFI HARAKI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mukhibat Mukhibat
Published: June 2016

Abstract: The beginning of twenty first century marks the proliferation of salafi-haraki Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) that blatantly reveals their distinctive thoughts, ideology and movement. These pesantrens advance puritan and literal-textual-fundamental understandings of Islam that potentially endanger the unity of Indonesia as a plural nation-state. The government must not only review the contents, materials and curriculum taught in radical pesantrens but also pay a close attention to their leaders’ and teachers’ methods and approaches to religious education both in class and beyond. This article offers strategies to develop Islamic school so it will not turn to be radical. This article argues that in order to preserve a very basic natural character of Indonesian pesantren, as a place to seed peace and tolerance, salfi-haraki pesantrens must integrate the values of multiculturalism and pluralism into their curriculum. This can be done by translating, assimilating and transforming work on pluralism. The values of pluralism will decimate the seeds of radicalism and fundamentalism and are transformed into agendas and activities, such as regular meeting, religious gathering and informal discussion as part of indirect teaching.
AWAL RADIKALISME ISLAM: PENYEBAB KEMUNCULAN KHAWA<RIJ
Authors: Rofiq Ahmad Choirul
Published: June 2016

In Islamic history, the emergence of khawarij is considered to be the first seed of Islamic radicalism. Studies on this radical group cannot be separated from the period of early Islam when it emerged. As a political movement and school of theology, this group was shaped by the social and political constellations in its time.  This article traces the historical root of this early radical group in Islam. Historians argue that the birth of khawarij was caused by political cleavage and tension upon Caliph Ali ibn Talib and Muawiya ibn Sufyan friction. However, the embryo of khawarij was in fact discovered during the time of the Prophet represented by Dhu al-Khuwaysirah in the course of the post Hunayn War. Various factors spurred the rise of khawarij, ranging from geographical factor, fanaticism, Shiffin War to provocation from Abd Allah ibn Saba’. Khawarij developed as one major stream in Muslim theology and broke into several extreme and radical splinter groups. The development of khawarij covers three phases: religious thought, political movement and political power.

Keywords: khawarij, developmental phase, opposition
DIALOG ANTAR-IMAN SEBAGAI RESOLUSI KONFLIK TAWARAN MOHAMMED ABU-NIMER
Authors: Khamami Akhmad Rizqon
Published: June 2016

Abstract: Many are doubt about the roles of religion in maintaining peace, accusing it even as a source of conflicts. However, others attempt to prove that religion can become a peace keeper. In Islam, this idea comes from Mohammed Abu Nimer. This article examines Abu Nimer’s ideas of non-violence approaches to conflict resolution. It explores his non-violence initiatives in peace building and analyzes his arguments for conflict resolution and the necessity of interfaith dialogue. To him, interfaith dialogue is a medium through which world peace amongst religious communities can be established. It is only and through dialogue that people can avoid having hostilities and violent conflict in the name of religion. This article argues that Abu Nimer’s method can be classified into communicative pluralism that combines particularist views and universalist views. His approaches to peace building and conflict resolution feature unique concepts that differ from other interfaith activists. 
HUBUNGAN MUSLIM DENGAN NON-MUSLIM PERSPEKTIF ULAMA BUGIS
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad
Published: June 2016

Qur’anic exegeses have many variants in terms of sources, methods and languages. Some Qur’anic exegeses using tah}li>li> or mawd}u>’>i method are even written in a local language. This article elucidates the Bugese Muslim scholar thoughts in their work Tafsere Akorang Mabbasa Ugi regarding Muslim and Non-Muslim relations. Using historical approach and content analysis, the author traces the thematic Qur’anic verses on Muslims and non-Muslim relations and the actual practices of interactions between the Prophet Muhammad and non-Muslims. It shows that the verses do not limit interactions and cooperation in the name of religion. Such interactions are limitless to non-Muslims. The acknowledgment on the existence of others and the prominence in ethical attitudes towards them are keywords in maintaining harmonious and tolerant interreligious communication and relations. There are universal and particular values of religion. While the universal values serve as a common denominator for all religions, the particular values are specific to each religious tradition that must be fully tolerated and respected because these are sensitive aspects that may stimulate conflicts.
RESOLUSI KONFLIK KAUM KAPITALIS DAN BURUH MELALUI PRODUK BAY’ MURA<BAH{AH DAN MUD{A<RABAH DI PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Supriyadi Ahmad
Published: June 2016

Conflicts have occurred in societies since early time in human civilization and continue up to the present time. Conflicts may happen between two individuals or two groups. But there also conflicts of class between creditors and debtors which has not been resolved. They often dispute over a particular issue but do not find an effective media to tackle it. Sharia banking, a new emerging Islamic system of bank, seems to offer a good answer to this problem. This article aims to explain this financial institution and its products and examines the ways in which its products operate and contribute to solve the problem. There are two products of Syari’ah Banking to solve such a classic problem between debtors and creditors; bay’ al-murabahah and  mudarabah. The first product helps mediate capital owners and debtors through a definite mechanism facilitated by Shari’a bank. Through the second product, debtors can enhance their life standard by purchasing stock and share the profits while creditors or capital owners can sell their stock to collect fund without making a bank loan. This is the solution that Islamic banking system contributes.
KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA DI SMU SELAMAT PAGI INDONESIA KOTA BATU MALANG
Authors: Sumbulah Umi
Published: June 2016

This study attempts to examine the implementation of religious freedom in a multicultural education institution, namely at SMU Selamat Pagi Indonesia (SMU-SPI )in Batu City, East Java. This study focuses on the meaning of religious freedom for the academic community, and the supporting and hindering factors for the implementation of religious freedom in this school which has diverse multicultural backgrounds. This empirical study uses a qualitative- phenomenological approach. It shows some important findings. First, the meaning of religious freedom for the academic community of this school is the freedom for everyone to practice their religion in accordance with the religion and beliefs of each, while respecting the religion and beliefs of others. Second, the application of freedom of religion in this school is expressed through moral conducts amongst the school community such as compassion, good advice, moral support, religious commitment and respect for other religious observance. In addition, the implementation of religious freedom is also evident in the efforts of the school to provide teachers and spiritual guide to students in accordance to their respective religion and in the establishment of places of worship for all religions.
Improving vacuum-UV (VUV) photolysis of organic compounds in water with a phosphor converted xenon excimer lamp emitting at 193 nm
Authors: Schulze-Hennings U. , Pötschke L. , Wietor C. , Bringmann S. , Braun N. , Hayashi D. , Linnemann V. , Pinnekamp J.
Published: June 2016

A novel vacuum ultraviolet excimer lamp emitting light at 193 nm was used to investigate the degradation of organic micropollutants in ultrapure water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. Overall, light at 193 nm proved to be efficient to degrade the investigated micropollutants (diclofenac, diatrizoic acid, sulfamethoxazole). Experiments with WWTP effluent proved the ability of radiation at 193 nm to degrade micropollutants which are hardly removed with commonly used oxidation technologies like ozonation (diatrizoic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid).
Classification et chronologie de bas fourneaux de réduction du fer à usage unique au sud-ouest du Niger
Authors: Guillon Rodrigue , Petit Christophe , Rajot Jean Louis , Touré Amadou Abdourhamane , Idé Oumarou A. , Garba Zibo
Published: June 2016

In southwestern Niger, near Niamey, several thousand singleuse bloomery furnaces have been mapped and identified. The archaeological study of approximately 30 furnaces and their slag reveals the existence of four methods for iron smelting: three types of pit furnace and one slag-tapping type. The slag pit furnaces are clearly differentiated by the form and volume of their pits. All slag-tapping furnaces drain off slag through small openings. The slag is tapped either vertically or laterally. According to radiocarbon dates, the smelting activity developed in the 2nd century AD and intensified through to the 14th century. It continued to evolve until the middle of the 20th century. The low intensity of iron production for these furnaces indicates the products were intended mainly for the local market.
Steatocystoma Multiplex of Scortum- Rare Genetic Disorder: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Saha Moni Mohan , Saha Sukumar , Banik Ratan Lal Datta , Hossain Md Mokter
Published: June 2016

A 25 years old male attended the skin & VD outpatient department of Khulna Medical College Hospital on 16th June, 2013 with complaints of multiple asymptomatic small rounded firm, cystic nodules that are adherent to the overlying skin of scortum. The microscopic examination of the cystic nodules showed the features of steatocystoma multiplex. This disorder, although it is asymptomatic, is a cosmetic threat to the patient. Only a few cases of the patients with an autosomal dominant mutation, who had keratin 17; have been reported. We are reporting here a case of steatocystoma multiplex of scortum in a 25 years old male along with review of literature.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(4): 218-221
A 68 years Old Man with Compressive Chest Pain and Breathlessness
Authors: Cader F Aaysha , Haq M Maksumul , Ghafoor Nusrat
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(4): 232-234
Letter to the Editor 33(4)
Authors: Yasmin Rubina , Hossain Syeda Fahmida
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(4): 235-236
College News 33(4)
Authors: Azad Khan Abul Kalam
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(4): 237-244
Optimizing Extraction of Cellulose and Synthesizing Pharmaceutical Grade Carboxymethyl Sago Cellulose from Malaysian Sago Pulp
Authors: Veeramachineni Anand , Sathasivam Thenapakiam , Muniyandy Saravanan , Janarthanan Pushpamalar , Langford Steven , Yan Lim
Published: June 2016

Sago biomass is an agro-industrial waste produced in large quantities, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region and in particular South-East Asia. This work focuses on using sago biomass to obtain cellulose as the raw material, through chemical processing using acid hydrolysis, alkaline extraction, chlorination and bleaching, finally converting the material to pharmaceutical grade carboxymethyl sago cellulose (CMSC) by carboxymethylation. The cellulose was evaluated using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FESEM). The extracted cellulose was analyzed for cellulose composition, and subsequently modified to CMSC with a degree of substitution (DS) 0.6 by typical carboxymethylation reactions. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the crystallinity of the sago cellulose was reduced after carboxymethylation. FTIR and NMR studies indicate that the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fibers were etherified through carboxymethylation to produce CMSC. Further characterization of the cellulose and CMSC were performed using FESEM and DSC. The purity of CMSC was analyzed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International standards. In this case, acid and alkaline treatments coupled with high-pressure defibrillation were found to be effective in depolymerization and defibrillation of the cellulose fibers. The synthesized CMSC also shows no toxicity in the cell line studies and could be exploited as a pharmaceutical excipient.
New Type of Alkaline Rechargeable Battery—Ni-Ni Battery
Authors: Wang Lixin , Young Kwo-Hsiung , Shen Hao-Ting
Published: June 2016

The feasibility of utilizing disordered Ni-based metal hydroxide, as both the anode and the cathode materials, in alkaline rechargeable batteries was validated for the first time. Co and Mn were introduced into the hexagonal Ni(OH)2 crystal structure to create disorder and defects that resulted in a conductivity increase. The highest discharge capacity of 55.6 mAh·g−1 was obtained using a commercial Li-ion cathode precursor, specifically NCM111 hydroxide, as anode material in the Ni-Ni battery. Charge/discharge curves, cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to study the capacity degradation mechanism, and the segregation of Ni, Co, and Mn hydroxides in the mixed hydroxide. Further optimization of composition and control in micro-segregation are needed to increase the discharge capacity closer to the theoretical value, 578 mAh·g−1.
Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense Except in the Light of Genomics: Read–Write Genome Evolution as an Active Biological Process
Authors: Shapiro James
Published: June 2016

The 21st century genomics-based analysis of evolutionary variation reveals a number of novel features impossible to predict when Dobzhansky and other evolutionary biologists formulated the neo-Darwinian Modern Synthesis in the middle of the last century. These include three distinct realms of cell evolution; symbiogenetic fusions forming eukaryotic cells with multiple genome compartments; horizontal organelle, virus and DNA transfers; functional organization of proteins as systems of interacting domains subject to rapid evolution by exon shuffling and exonization; distributed genome networks integrated by mobile repetitive regulatory signals; and regulation of multicellular development by non-coding lncRNAs containing repetitive sequence components. Rather than single gene traits, all phenotypes involve coordinated activity by multiple interacting cell molecules. Genomes contain abundant and functional repetitive components in addition to the unique coding sequences envisaged in the early days of molecular biology. Combinatorial coding, plus the biochemical abilities cells possess to rearrange DNA molecules, constitute a powerful toolbox for adaptive genome rewriting. That is, cells possess “Read–Write Genomes” they alter by numerous biochemical processes capable of rapidly restructuring cellular DNA molecules. Rather than viewing genome evolution as a series of accidental modifications, we can now study it as a complex biological process of active self-modification.
Kinetic Model for Simultaneous Adsorption/Photodegradation Process of Alizarin Red S in Water Solution by Nano-TiO2 under Visible Light
Authors: Giovannetti Rita , Rommozzi Elena , D’Amato Chiara , Zannotti Marco
Published: June 2016

The simultaneous adsorption and visible light photodegradation of Alizarin Red S in water solutions were studied in real time mode by using nano-TiO2, such as Anatase and Aeroxide P-25, supported on polypropylene strips. Kinetic results of the overall process were compared with those obtained from separated steps of adsorption and photodegradation previously studied; kinetic advantages were evidenced with the simultaneous approach. From the study of different dye concentrations, a kinetic model has been proposed which describes the overall process. This model considered two consecutive processes: The adsorption of dye on TiO2 surface and its photodegradation. The obtained results were in good agreement with experimental data and can predict the profiles of free dye, dye adsorbed on TiO2 and photoproduct concentrations during the total process.
StopApp: Using the Behaviour Change Wheel to Develop an App to Increase Uptake and Attendance at NHS Stop Smoking Services
Authors: Fulton Emily , Brown Katherine , Kwah Kayleigh , Wild Sue
Published: June 2016

Smokers who attend NHS Stop Smoking Services (SSS) are four times more likely to stop smoking; however, uptake has been in decline. We report the development of an intervention designed to increase uptake of SSS, from a more motivated self-selected sample of smokers. In Phase 1 we collected data to explore the barriers and facilitators to people using SSS. In Phase 2, data from extant literature and Phase 1 were subject to behavioural analysis, as outlined by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework. Relevant Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) were identified in order to address these, informing the content of the StopApp intervention. In Phase 3 we assessed the acceptability of the StopApp. Smokers and ex-smokers identified a number of barriers to attending SSS, including a lack of knowledge about what happens at SSS (Capability); the belief that SSS is not easy to access (Opportunity); that there would be ’scare tactics’ or ‘nagging’; and not knowing anyone who had been and successfully quit (Motivation). The ‘StopApp’ is in development and will link in with the commissioned SSS booking system. Examples of the content and functionality of the app are outlined. The next phase will involve a full trial to test effectiveness.
Enhancing Interpretability of Gene Signatures with Prior Biological Knowledge
Authors: Squillario Margherita , Barbieri Matteo , Verri Alessandro , Barla Annalisa
Published: June 2016

Biological interpretability is a key requirement for the output of microarray data analysis pipelines. The most used pipeline first identifies a gene signature from the acquired measurements and then uses gene enrichment analysis as a tool for functionally characterizing the obtained results. Recently Knowledge Driven Variable Selection (KDVS), an alternative approach which performs both steps at the same time, has been proposed. In this paper, we assess the effectiveness of KDVS against standard approaches on a Parkinson’s Disease (PD) dataset. The presented quantitative analysis is made possible by the construction of a reference list of genes and gene groups associated to PD. Our work shows that KDVS is much more effective than the standard approach in enhancing the interpretability of the obtained results.
Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Purple Ipomoea batatas Leaves and Their Effects on Glucose Uptake
Authors: Lee Chia-Lin , Lee Shou-Lun , Chen Chao-Jung , Chen Hsin-Chun , Kao Ming-Ching , Liu Chuan-Hao , Chen Jau-Yang , Lai Yen-Ting , Wu Yang-Chang
Published: June 2016

Ipomoea batatas has long been used in folk medicine for the treatment of hyperglycemia or as a food additive for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. However, neither the plant extract nor its active components have been evaluated systematically. In this work four crude extracts, including n-hexane- (IBH), 95% MeOH- (IBM), n-BuOH- (IBB), and H2O-soluble (IBW) fractions, were prepared by fractionation of a methanolic extract of purple I. batatas leaves. Twenty-four pure compounds 1–24 were then isolated by various chromatographic techniques and their structures identified from NMR and MS data. Glucose uptake assays in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and rat primary hepatocytes, as well as western blot analysis, were carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of this species. The IBH crude fraction, with methyl decanoate (22) as a major and active compound, showed the greatest effect on glucose uptake, most likely via activation of Glut4 and regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Quercetin 3-O-β-d-sophoroside (1), quercetin (3), benzyl β-d-glucoside (10), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (12), and methyl decanoate (22) could be important components contributing to the antidiabetic effects. We conclude that purple I. batatas leaves have potential as an antidiabetic plant source and the active constituents 1, 3, 10, 12, and 22 are promising lead candidates for future investigation.