bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model selection for factorial Gaussian graphical models with an application to dynamic regulatory networks
Authors: Vinciotti Veronica , Augugliaro Luigi , Abbruzzo Antonino , Wit Ernst C.
Published: March 2016

Factorial Gaussian graphical Models (fGGMs) have recently been proposed for inferring dynamic gene regulatory networks from genomic high-throughput data. In the search for true regulatory relationships amongst the vast space of possible networks, these models allow the imposition of certain restrictions on the dynamic nature of these relationships, such as Markov dependencies of low order – some entries of the precision matrix are a priori zeros – or equal dependency strengths across time lags – some entries of the precision matrix are assumed to be equal. The precision matrix is then estimated by l
1-penalized maximum likelihood, imposing a further constraint on the absolute value of its entries, which results in sparse networks. Selecting the optimal sparsity level is a major challenge for this type of approaches. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a number of model selection criteria for fGGMs by means of two simulated regulatory networks from realistic biological processes. The analysis reveals a good performance of fGGMs in comparison with other methods for inferring dynamic networks and of the KLCV criterion in particular for model selection. Finally, we present an application on a high-resolution time-course microarray data from the Neisseria meningitidis bacterium, a causative agent of life-threatening infections such as meningitis. The methodology described in this paper is implemented in the R package sglasso, freely available at CRAN, http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=sglasso.
New bioactive metabolites from Penicillium purpurogenum MM
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed , El-Metwally Mohammad Magdy , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Three new bioactive compounds, namely (S)-tenellic acid B dimethyl acetal (1a), (3R,3′R/S)-isotalarone (2), and (3R,5R)-cis-5-methyl-3-(2-oxobutyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one (3), were isolated from the terrestrial fungus Penicillium purpurogenum MM, together with 15 known metabolites: talaroflavone, pestalasin A, altenuene, penicillide, 3′-O-methyl-dehydroisopenicillide, rubralactone, tenellic acid B, diaporthin, butyrolactone 1, butyrolactone-V, 4-hydroxy-2-methoxyacetanilide, ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide, linoleic acid, and glycerol monolinoleate. The chemical structures of the three new compounds were confirmed by extensive one- and two-dimensional NMR and electron spray ionization high-resolution mass spectra measurements and by comparison with literature data. The absolute configurations of the new compounds, and of talaroflavone (4a) and tenellic acid B (2b), were determined by ab initio calculations of ECD, ORD, and NMR data. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the crude extract and of the isolated compounds were studied using a set of microorganisms and brine shrimp assay, respectively. The isolation and taxonomic characterization of P. purpurogenum MM is reported.
Gold(III)-mediated cyclization of 2-hydrazinylquinolines
Authors: Schmidt Alexander , Baune Matthias , Hepp Alexander , Kösters Jutta , Müller Jens
Published: March 2016

The Au(III)-mediated oxidative cyclization of a series of 2-hydrazinylquinolines is reported. This intramolecular reaction represents a reliable way towards obtaining various 3H-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-10-ium cations. The molecular structures of three of the starting compounds (2-(1-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)quinoline, 2-(1-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)quinoline, 2-((2-methyl-2-(quinolin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)aniline) as well as of one cyclized system (3-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-3H-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-10-ium dichloridoaurate(I)) were determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Evaluation of Sub-Surface Residual Stress by Ultrasonic Method and Finite-Element Analysis of Welding Process in a Monel Pressure Vessel
Authors: Javadi Yashar , Hatef Mosteshary Seyed
Published: March 2016

Welding of nickel-based alloys is increasingly used in the industry to manufacture various important structures in the marine industries, chemical processing, etc. This study investigates evaluation of sub-surface residual stresses, which are produced by the welding process in a pressure vessel made from Monel 400 alloy. The residual stresses are experimentally measured by ultrasonic method in which longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) waves are propagated inside the specimen to evaluate the effect of stress on the wave velocity. Any difference in the wave velocity could be transformed to the material stress by using acoustoelasticity relations. A nondestructive hydro-test process is used to measure the acoustoelastic constant, which is an important material property needed to be embedded in the acoustoelasticity relations. By using a different frequency range than the ultrasonic transducers, the LCR wave penetrates in different depths of the specimen to measure the sub-surface stresses. The welding processes are also numerically analyzed by a 3D thermo-mechanical finite-element (FE) model, which is validated by hole-drilling stress-measurement method. The residual stresses calculated by FE simulation are then compared with those obtained from the ultrasonic stress measurement and an acceptable agreement is achieved. It is demonstrated that the sub-surface residual stresses of the Monel pressure vessel could be accurately evaluated by combination of the FE simulation and stress measurement implemented by the LCR waves.
Evaluation of Foot Protection Effectiveness Against AP Mine Blasts: Effect of Deflector Geometry
Authors: Kamberoğlu Murat , Karahan Mehmet , Alpdoğan Can , Karahan Nevin
Published: March 2016

In this study, the effectiveness of blast deflectors used in protective footwear against antipersonnel (AP) mines was investigated. The tip angle of a V-shaped deflector and the overall shape (symmetrical, unsymmetrical) were chosen as the design parameters to be examined, whereas parameters such as deflector material and wall thickness were kept constant. Both explicit dynamic finite element analysis (LS-Dyna) and blast tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these design parameters. The analysis results were also verified with the blast tests. A visual (qualitative) comparison between the analysis results and the blast tests showed a good agreement on the final deformed geometry of the deflector, which suggested that the simulation was able to capture the energy absorption mechanism of the deflector. The analysis results showed that the peak force transmitted to the leg decreased tremendously with the addition of blast deflectors. When compared to the case with no deflectors, an unsymmetrical and symmetrical deflector reduced the peak force by a factor of 24 and 36, respectively.
Memories of Justice
Authors: Padilla Tanalís
Published: March 2016

This article analyzes the Cardenista legacy in Mexico's rural normales, teacher training schools for the rural population. Through an examination of oral histories, published memoirs, and autobiographies, I argue that rural normales' origins, the political culture that developed therein, and the upward mobility they enabled, ingrained an enduring sense of justice in their students. Cárdenas-era struggles and reforms were fundamental in this process as subsequent generations latched onto earlier battles over education as a way of understanding their own experience. This dynamic helps explain why rural normales have remained sites of student militancy.

El presente artículo analiza el legado cardenista en las normales rurales mexicanas, instituciones forjadoras de educadores para el campo. Mediante una exploración de historia oral, memorias y autobiografías, se revela que los orígenes de las normales rurales, la cultura de militancia que se desarrolló dentro de ellas y la movilidad social que permitieron, brindaron un sentido de justicia social que ha perdurado en sus alumnos. En este proceso las reformas cardenistas y las batallas que se libraron en la época en torno a la educación fueron fundamentales en la medida en que sucesivas generaciones las retomaron para dar sentido a su propia experiencia. Esta dinámica nos ayuda a entender por qué las normales rurales han permanecido como espacios de militancia estudiantil.
Comunidad de Helmintos Parásitos del Sapo Espinoso Rhinella spinulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) (Anura: Bufonidae) de Perú
Authors: Chero Jhon , Cruces Celso , Iannacone José , Sáez Gloria , Alvariño Lorena , Luque José , Morales Víctor
Published: April 2016

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la comunidad de los metazoos parásitos del sapo espinoso Rhinella spinulosa de Perú y elucidar si el sexo y la longitud total de los anfibios hospederos están estructurando sus comunidades de parásitos. Se trabajó con 90 especímenes de R. spinulosa adquiridos entre mayo de 2009 y octubre de 2010. La cavidad corporal, tubo digestivo, vejiga urinaria, pulmones y musculatura fueron examinados para la búsqueda de metazoos parásitos. Siete taxas de metazoos parásitos fueron colectados: un digeneo [Gorgoderina chilensis (Gorgoderidae), en vejiga urinaria], un cestodo [Cylindrotaenia aff. americana (Proteocephalidae) en intestino delgado], cuatro nematodos [Aplectana hylambatis y A. vellardi (Cosmocercidae) en intestino grueso, Hedruris moniezi (Hedruridae) en estómago y Rhabdias aff. pseudosphaerocephala (Rhabdiasidae) en pulmones] y un acantocefalo [Pseudoacanthocephalus lutzi (Echinorhynchidae) en intestino delgado]. Se observó una correlación positiva entre la talla y la abundancia media de R. aff. Pseudosphaerocephala, así como asociación entre el sexo y la abundancia media de G. chilensis, A. hylambatis y R. aff. pseudosphaerocephala. G. chilensis mostró dependencia con el sexo de R. spinulosa. Los tres índices de agregación (Índice de Dispersión, Índice de Discrepancia de Poulin y K de la ecuación binomial negativa) indicaron una distribución contagiosa. La mayoría de los valores de diversidad alfa de las infracomunidades parasitarias fueron menores que los del componente comunitario.
Cases of Psychiatric Morbidity in Pediatric Patients After Remission of Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Keil Margaret F. , Zametkin Alan , Ryder Celia , Lodish Maya , Stratakis Constantine A.
Published: March 2016

Endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) may have different effects in children than what has been described in adults. Previous studies of children and adolescents with CS have identified cognitive decline despite reversal of brain atrophy after remission of CS. Although the observations of parents of children and adolescents with CS support personality changes, significant psychopathology has not been described in the literature. We report 9 children who underwent successful surgery (transsphenoidal surgery [TSS] or resection of bronchial carcinoid) for treatment of CS and subsequently developed significant affective pathology. Affective symptoms included anger–rage outbursts, suicidal ideation, irritability, anxiety, and depression. One child, who committed suicide 60 months after TSS, had recently discontinued antidepressant medication. She had a history of anxiety during active CS and was treated with an anxiolytic. The 7 patients with onset of symptoms within 7 months of TSS were on glucocorticoid replacement, and 1-year follow-up evaluation showed recovery of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and biochemical evidence of remission. The 2 patients who presented with onset of symptoms at 48 months or later underwent endocrine evaluation that showed biochemical evidence of remission and normal anterior pituitary hormone levels. This is the first report of affective symptoms and behavioral dysregulation, including suicidal ideation, in a subgroup of children and adolescents after remission of CS. Health care providers caring for children with CS who have been cured should continue to screen for mental illness, monitor for changes in behavior, and refer as appropriate to mental health professionals.
Variations in Mental Health Diagnosis and Prescribing Across Pediatric Primary Care Practices
Authors: Mayne Stephanie L. , Ross Michelle E. , Song Lihai , McCarn Banita , Steffes Jennifer , Liu Weiwei , Margolis Benyamin , Azuine Romuladus , Gotlieb Edward , Grundmeier Robert W. , Leslie Laurel K. , Localio Russell , Wasserman Richard , Fiks Alexander G.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Primary care pediatricians increasingly care for children’s mental health problems, but little is known about practice-level variation in diagnosis and psychotropic medication prescribing practices.

METHODS:

This retrospective review of electronic heath records from 43 US primary care practices included children aged 4 to 18 years with ≥1 office visit from January 1, 2009, to June 30, 2014. We examined variability in diagnosis and psychotropic prescribing across practices using logistic regression with practice fixed effects and evaluated associations of the availability of colocated or community-based mental health providers or the proportion of children in foster care with diagnosis and prescribing using generalized linear mixed models.

RESULTS:

Among 294 748 children, 40 932 (15%) received a mental health diagnosis and 39 695 (14%) were prescribed psychotropic medication. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder was most commonly diagnosed (1%–16% per practice). The proportion of children receiving any psychotropic medication (4%-26%) and the proportion receiving ≥2 medication classes (1%-12%) varied across practices. Prescribing of specific medication classes also varied (stimulants, 3%–18%; antidepressants, 1%–12%; α-agonists, 0%–8%; second-generation antipsychotics, 0%–5%). Variability was partially explained by community availability of psychiatrists (significantly higher odds of a diagnosis or prescription when not available) but not by colocation of mental health professionals or percentage of children in foster care.

CONCLUSIONS:

The prevalence of mental health diagnosis and psychotropic medication prescribing varies substantially across practices and is only partially explained by psychiatrist availability. Research is needed to better define the causes of variable practice-level diagnosis and prescribing and implications for child mental health outcomes.
Contribution of the Kallikrein/Kinin System to the Mediation of ConA-Induced Inflammatory Ascites
Authors: Baintner Károly
Published: March 2016

Intraperitoneal administration of concanavalin A (ConA, 25 mg/kg b.w.), a cell-binding plant lectin was used for inducing inflammatory ascites, and potential inhibitors were tested in 1 h and 2.5 h experiments, i.e. still before the major influx of leucocytes. At the end of the experiment the peritoneal fluid was collected and measured.

The ConA-induced ascites was significantly (p<0.01) and dose-dependently inhibited by icatibant (HOE-140), a synthetic polypeptide antagonist of bradykinin receptors. Aprotinin, a kallikrein inhibitor protein also had significant (p<0.01), but less marked inhibitory effect. L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthesis, and atropine methylnitrate, an anticholinergic compound, were ineffective.

It is concluded, that the kallikrein/kinin system contributes to the mediation of the ConA-induced ascites by increasing subperitoneal vascular permeability, independent of the eventual vasodilation produced by NO. It is known, that membrane glycoproteins are aggregated by the tetravalent ConA and the resulting distortion of membrane structure may explain the activation of the labile prekallikrein.

Complete inhibition of the ConA-induced ascites could not be achieved by aprotinin or icatibant, which indicates the involvement of additional mediators.
Antimicrobial Activity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Streptomyces Parvulus Dosmb-D105 Isolated from the Mangrove Sediments of Andaman Islands
Authors: Baskaran R. , Mohan P. M. , Sivakumar K. , Kumar Ashok
Published: March 2016

Actinomycetes, especially species of Streptomyces are prolific producers of pharmacologically significant compounds accounting for about 70% of the naturally derived antibiotics that are presently in clinical use. In this study, we used five solvents to extract the secondary metabolites from marine Streptomyces parvulus DOSMB-D105, which was isolated from the mangrove sediments of the South Andaman Islands. Among them, ethyl acetate crude extract showed maximum activity against 11 pathogenic bacteria and six fungi. Presence of bioactive compounds in the ethyl acetate extract was determined using GC-MS and the compounds detected in the ethyl acetate extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. Totally eight compounds were identified and the prevalent compounds were 2 steroids, 2 alkaloids, 2 plasticizers, 1 phenolic and 1 alkane. Present study revealed that S. parvulus DOSMB-D105 is a promising species for the isolation of valuable bioactive compounds to combat pathogenic microbes.
Assessment of Periodontopathogens in Subgingival Biofilm of Banded and Bonded Molars in Early Phase of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Mártha Krisztina , Lőrinczi Lilla , Bică Cristina , Gyergyay Réka , Petcu Blanka , Lazăr Luminița
Published: March 2016

To assess the prevalence and occurrence of eleven periodontopathogens in subgingival biofilm of banded and bonded molars during the first period of fixed orthodontic treatment. Subjects were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment and were divided in two groups: group A comprised fifteen patients (14.4±2.45 years of age) who received orthodontic bands on first permanent molars and group B of ten patients (15.7±1.87 years of age) with directly bonded tubes on the labial surface of the same teeth. Subgingival sample collection was performed before bands and tubes application and 4–7 weeks after attachment placement. DNA-strip tehnique was used to assess the presence of eleven putative periodontopathogens at each time point. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga spp. were found in a large number of samples, other periodontopathogens were present in a smaller rate. The 4–7 weeks after attachment placement a slight increase of putative species was observed in both groups.

The presence of orthodontic tubes and bands influence the accumulation and composition of subgingival microbiota. Higher level of oral hygiene should be achieved before and during orthodontic treatment in order to prevent any side effects on periodontal tissues.
Seasonal and Spatial Changes of Planktonic Bacterial Communities Inhabiting the Natural Thermal Lake Hévíz, Hungary
Authors: Krett Gergely , Nagymáté Zsuzsanna , Márialigeti Károly , Borsodi Andrea K.
Published: March 2016

Lake Hévíz is a unique thermal spa located in Hungary. Owing to the thermal springs nourishing the lake, it has a relatively rapid water turnover. In spring 2011 a comprehensive embankment reconstruction was performed to preserve the water supply of the surrounding wetland habitats. The physical and chemical parameters as well as the planktonic microbial communities were studied with special respect to the effect of the disturbance of the water of Lake Hévíz. According to the abiotic components, both temporal and spatial differences were revealed with the exception of autumn samples. The reconstruction resulted in a short term but dramatic alteration of the total planktonic bacterial and cyanobacterial community structures as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. In addition, greater seasonal than spatial differences of bacterial communities were also observed. Planktonic bacterial community composition of Lake Hévíz included mainly typical freshwater species within phylum Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria and class Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-proteobacteria. Most of them were aerobic or facultative anaerobic heterotrophic but chemolitotrophic (e.g. Thiobacillus) or photolithotrophic (e.g. Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi) autotrophic microbes were also identified.
Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Azores (Portugal), collected on São Miguel and Terceira with the descriptions of seven new species
Authors: van den Boom P. P. G.
Published: March 2016

One hundred lichen species and lichenicolous fungi are reported from the Azores, occurring on São Miguel and/or Terceira, collected in 2011 and 2014. Thirty-seven species are newly recorded to the Azores and seven are described as new to science: Byssoloma fuscum, Lecania azorica, Sphaerellothecium heterodermiae, S. parmotremae, Stigmidium micareae, S. subcladoniicola, Thelocarpon microsporum.
Bioluminescence-based assays for assessing antibacterial properties of medicinal plants
Authors: Kováts N. , Horváth E.
Published: March 2016

Extended research has been carried out to clarify the ecological role of plant secondary metabolites (SMs). Although their primary ecological function is self-defence, bioactive compounds have long been used in alternative medicine or in biological control of pests. One single plant may contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, making analytics rather costly. The total bactericide capacity can be quantified by either microbiological or ecotoxicological methods. Here, the principle and possible applications of a specific bacterial bioluminescence inhibition based ecotoxicological assay are reviewed.
Stipe anatomical studies on selected pteridophytes of South India
Authors: Resmi S. , Thomas V. P. , Sreenivas V. K.
Published: March 2016

Present study is based on the stipe anatomy of 13 selected species of pteridophytes of South India. Detailed description, key to the taxa based on stipe anatomy, photographs and descriptions are provided.
Cheilolejeunea obtusifolia (Lejeuneaceae) new to the Indian mainland from the Western Ghats
Authors: Sreebha R. , Kariyappa K. C. , Daniels A. E. D.
Published: March 2016

Cheilolejeunea obtusifolia, so far known only from Andaman Islands in India, is added here to the flora of the Indian mainland from the Anamalais in the Western Ghats. A brief description with an illustration and a photoplate is provided here since there is none based on any Indian material.
Immunohistochemical characterization of FHIT expression in normal human tissues
Authors: Kujan Omar , Abuderman Abdulwahab , Al-Shawaf Ahmad Zahi
Published: March 2016

Background

Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) is a tumor suppressor gene that is commonly inactivated in human tumors. Interestingly, the normal pattern of FHIT expression is largely unknown.

Aim

This study is aimed to characterize the expression of FHIT protein in normal human tissues.

Materials and methods

A total of 119 normal human tissue specimens were analyzed for the FHIT expression using immunohistochemistry technique. The inclusion criteria included: normal/inflammatory tissue with no evidence of cellular atypia.

Results

All studied specimens were stained positively with FHIT and showed either nuclear or cytoplasmic expression. Interestingly, the pattern of FHIT staining was similar among different specimens from each organ. FHIT is located predominantly in the nucleus, although cytoplasmic staining is also present in some cell types. Oral squamous epithelium, breast ductal epithelium, squamous and tubal metaplastic epithelium of the uterine cervix, esophageal squamous epithelium, salivary glands, and bronchial epithelia all strongly expressed the nuclear protein. In connective tissue, FHIT has shown strong cytoplasmic expression in histocytes including macrophages and dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts.

Conclusion

Documentation of the pattern of FHIT expression in normal tissues will contribute to our understanding of the normal function of this protein and to interpretation of potentially altered FHIT expression in human tumors.
Clinical presentation and outcomes in type IV dual left anterior descending artery anomaly
Authors: Çanga Yiğit , Güvenç Tolga Sinan , Karataş Mehmet Baran , Bezgin Tahir , Güngör Bariş , Çetin Rengin , Bolca Osman
Published: March 2016

Type IV dual left anterior descending artery (LAD) anomaly constitutes a rare subset of coronary anomalies in which the anterior and anterolateral wall of the left ventricle is supplied by a short LAD originating from the left coronary artery along with a long LAD that originates from the right sinus of Valsalva. Albeit rare, the angiographic presentation is challenging since the appearance of the short LAD is similar to a total occlusion beyond first few diagonal or septal branches. Here, we present a series of four cases with type IV dual LAD anomaly with different clinical and angiographic presentations.
Intestinal expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators and gelatinases during Arcobacter butzleri infection of gnotobiotic IL-10 deficient mice
Authors: Heimesaat Markus M. , Alter Thomas , Bereswill Stefan , Gölz Greta
Published: March 2016

We have previously shown that Arcobacter butzleri induces intestinal, extra-intestinal, and systemic immune responses in perorally infected gnotobiotic IL-10−/− mice in a strain-dependent fashion. Here, we present a comprehensive survey of small and large intestinal expression profiles of inflammatory and regulatory mediators as well as of the matrix-degrading gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 following murine A. butzleri infection. Gnotobiotic IL-10−/− mice were infected with A. butzleri strains CCUG 30485 or C1 of human and chicken origin, respectively. At day 6 following A. butzleri infection, mucin-2 mRNA, an integral part of the intestinal mucus layer, was downregulated in the colon, whereas TNF and IL-23p19 mRNA were upregulated in the ileum. Furthermore, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-1β, and IL-22 mRNA were upregulated in both colonic and ileal ex vivo biopsies at day 6 post strain CCUG 30485 infection. These changes were accompanied by downregulated colonic MMP-9 levels, whereas both MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA were upregulated in the ileum. In conclusion, these data indicate that A. butzleri infection induces changes in the expression of genes involved in pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses as well as in tissue degradation.
Toll-like receptor-4 dependent intestinal gene expression during Arcobacter butzleri infection of gnotobiotic IL-10 deficient mice
Authors: Gölz Greta , Alter Thomas , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M.
Published: March 2016

We have previously shown that Arcobacter butzleri infection induces Toll-like receptor (TLR) -4 dependent immune responses in perorally infected gnotobiotic IL-10−/− mice. Here, we analyzed TLR-4-dependent expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading gelatinases MMP-2 and -9 in the small and large intestines of gnotobiotic TLR-4-deficient IL-10−/− mice that were perorally infected with A. butzleri strains CCUG 30485 or C1, of human and chicken origin, respectively. At day 6 following A. butzleri infection, colonic mucin-2 mRNA, as integral part of the intestinal mucus layer, was downregulated in the colon, but not ileum, of IL-10−/− but not TLR-4−/− IL-10−/− mice. CCUG 30485 strain-infected TLR-4-deficient IL-10−/− mice displayed less distinctly upregulated IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-1β mRNA levels in ileum and colon, which was also true for colonic IL-22. These changes were accompanied by upregulated colonic MMP-2 and ileal MMP-9 mRNA exclusively in IL-10−/− mice. In conclusion, TLR-4 is essentially involved in A. butzleri mediated modulation of gene expression in the intestines of gnotobiotic IL-10−/− mice.
Is Aristolochic Acid Really the Cause of the Balkan Endemic Nephropathy?
Authors: Mantle Peter George , Herman Diana , Tatu Calin
Published: March 2016

In recent years, aristolochic acid has been promoted vigorously as the causal agent of the Balkan endemic nephropathy because of similarities to some other nephropathies, association with DNA adducts and a perception of human exposure via bread. Critical evaluation of the literature exposes flaws in these aspects, and there has been consistent failure of experimental toxicology to mimic either the slow silent bilateral atrophy of the Balkan disease or the transitional cell carcinomas in the upper urothelium. It seems yet premature to promote the curious Balkan disease as aristolochic acid nephropathy without the epidemiological rigour necessary in biomedical research.
Chitosan-functionalized poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: breaking through the brain’s tight security gateway
Authors: Jalali N. , Trujillo-de Santiago G. , Motevalian M. , Karimi M. Y. , Chauhan N. P. S. , Habibi Y. , Mozafari M.
Published: March 2016

Despite the development of several progressive treatments, many effective anticancer drugs have failed in clinical examinations due to the inability to penetrate across the blood–brain barrier. For this reason, the local and controlled delivery of anticancer drugs using biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles is attracting increasing attention as a viable therapy for treating brain tumors. In the present study, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) with high emulsifying effects were prepared in conjunction with vitamin E d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TGPS) and chitosan, which imparted the desired surface morphology and particle size. The particle sizes, the surface morphology and the phase composition were correlated with the loaded amount of chitosan and operating pH. The laboratory cytotoxicity of the particles was investigated using the PC12 cell line. An increase in the chitosan content decreased the particle sizes of the NPs in a semilinear pattern and increased the potential therapeutic effects as indicated by high cell viability. These chitosan surface-modified PLGA NPs could be used for local drug delivery, thereby greatly expanding the spectrum of drugs available for the treatment of brain tumors.
Cyclic constitutive model for strain-hardening cementitious composites
Authors: Wu Chang , Pan Zuanfeng , Meng Shaoping
Published: March 2016

A uniaxial cyclic constitutive model for strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCCs) is proposed based on the response of the material at the stress–strain level under different loading regimes. The ascending branch of the compressive envelope curve was developed using the form of a parabolic curve, while the descending branch adopted the bilinear form. The full tensile stress–strain curve was approximately simulated by a trilinear form comprising ascending, strain-hardening and descending branches. Using the method of setting a reference point, the characteristics of the unloading and reloading process were determined, with consideration of the partial unloading–reloading scheme. Furthermore, the transition between tension and compression was taken into account in the model development. The proposed cyclic constitutive model was coded into the OpenSees platform and applied to simulate the responses of specimens at material and member levels. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model is reasonably accurate in simulating the mechanical properties of SHCC material and the cyclic behaviour of SHCC flexural elements.
Hydration characteristics of cement-free binder using Kambara reactor slag
Authors: Cho Bongsuk
Published: March 2016

A cement-free binder was manufactured by utilising slag generated from the Kambara reactor stirring process as an alkali activator. Kambara reactor slag (KRS) is a byproduct of the desulfurisation process of molten iron in steel factories and is composed of calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, carbon, iron oxide and so on in the form of compounds such as calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and belite (2CaO.SiO2). The calcium hydroxide in the KRS could serve as an alkali activator for ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS). The compressive strength of the GGBFS–KRS binder was about 30% that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at age 28 d, whereas the 28 d strength of a binder made from GGBFS, KRS and anhydrous gypsum (AG) was similar to that of OPC. The main hydration product of the GGBFS–KRS–AG binder was shown to be ettringite. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that the needle-shaped ettringite of the GGBFS–KRS–AG binder was much thicker than that of OPC. The thick needle-shaped ettringite formed a bone structure, which may contribute to structural stability. In addition, the ettringite filled the gaps between hydration products such as calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminium hydrates, making it highly effective in forming a dense structure.
Synaptopodin Limits TRPC6 Podocyte Surface Expression and Attenuates Proteinuria
Authors: Yu Hao , Kistler Andreas , Faridi Mohd Hafeez , Meyer James Otto , Tryniszewska Beata , Mehta Dolly , Yue Lixia , Dryer Stuart , Reiser Jochen
Published: March 2016

Gain-of-function mutations of classic transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) were identified in familial FSGS, and increased expression of wild-type TRPC6 in glomeruli is observed in several human acquired proteinuric diseases. Synaptopodin, an actin binding protein that is important in maintaining podocyte function, is downregulated in various glomerular diseases. Here, we investigated whether synaptopodin maintains podocyte function by regulating podocyte surface expression and activity of TRPC6. We show indirect interaction and nonrandom association of synaptopodin and TRPC6 in podocytes. Knockdown of synaptopodin in cultured mouse podocytes increased the expression of TRPC6 at the plasma membrane, whereas overexpression of synaptopodin decreased it. Mechanistically, synaptopodin–dependent TRPC6 surface expression required functional actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Overexpression of wild–type or FSGS–inducing mutant TRPC6 in synaptopodin-depleted podocytes enhanced TRPC6–mediated calcium influx and induced apoptosis. In vivo, knockdown of synaptopodin also caused increased podocyte surface expression of TRPC6. Administration of cyclosporin A, which stabilizes synaptopodin, reduced LPS-induced proteinuria significantly in wild-type mice but to a lesser extent in TRPC6 knockout mice. Furthermore, administration of cyclosporin A reversed the LPS-induced increase in podocyte surface expression of TRPC6 in wild-type mice. Our findings suggest that alteration in synaptopodin levels under disease conditions may modify intracellular TRPC6 channel localization and activity, which further contribute to podocyte dysfunction. Reducing TRPC6 surface levels may be a new approach to restoring podocyte function.
Coral Reef Development as an Indicator of Seal Level Fluctuation: A Preliminary Study on Pleistocene Reef in Bulukumba, South Sulawesi
Authors: Imran A. M. , Farida M. , Arifin M. F. , Husain R. , Hafidz A.
Published: March 2016

DOI:10.17014/ijog.3.1.53-66Pleistocene reefs in eastern part of Indonesia are abundantly found along the coast as raised reef. They express highly tectonized and/or uplifted area characterized by several terraces. Therefore the reef size is narrow. This research is located at Bira District of Bulukumba Regency or it lies at the southern tip of South Sulawesi Peninsula. The objective of this research is to define depositional environment based on coral development. Several methods were applied such as intersect lines which were perpendicular to the cliff, geochemical and petrographic analyses, as well as paleoenvironment interpretation. Three facies are described at the Pleistocene reef, namely 1) Reef Front Facies, 2) Reef Core Facies, 3) Back Reef Facies. Based on facies association and organism accumulation, the depositional environment of Pleistocene reef is interpreted to be developed in a small reef complex on an unstable basement. The reef has experienced at least 3 (three) times of sea level fluctuation.
Antropologia da Saúde: Um lugar para as abordagens antropológicas à doença e à saúde
Authors: Pereira Pedro
Published: March 2016

Este artículo tiene la intención de presentar un recorrido histórico de la antropología médica, teniendo en cuenta las diversas denominaciones que gravitan en torno a esta designación. Para ello se cruzarán dos dimensiones, tiempo y espacio. Com respecto al tiempo, por una parte, hablará de lo tiempo en que la antropología médica carecía de una autonomía claramente definida y, por otro, se describirá el período en que la antropología médica reclamó un campo específico de estudio. Con respecto al espacio, por una parte, se hará referencia a los enfoques de la antropología médica que circunscribe su objeto de estudio a las prácticas de la enfermedad y la curación culturalmente distante, esencialmente impulsado por la exclusión de la biomedicina como un objeto de estudio y por otra, los enfoques de la antropología médica que incluyen la biomedicina serán mencionados. Por último, se sugiere una dirección diferente con otro nombre para este campo del conocimiento antropológico: la antropología de la salud.
La mujer en las fiestas de moros y cristianos
Authors: Martínez Pozo Miguel Angel
Published: March 2016

El siguiente artículo estudia el papel de la mujer en la sociedad española y su cambio, especialmente, desde el siglo XIX a partir de las doctrinas de la Revolución Francesa pero, sobre todo, con los cambios económicos producidos en la Revolución Industrial. Se dan algunos apuntes históricos de la visión de la mujer desde diferentes posturas ideológicas, políticas y religiosas para contextualizar y analizar su introducción y la influencia que esta ha tenido en una de las fiestas más destacadas de toda la península Ibérica: las fiestas de moros y cristianos.
Antropología del turismo en el siglo XXI
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano E.
Published: March 2016

Sin resumen. Introducción al Monográfico.
Espirando el itinerario guiado. Materiales para recorrer un periplo excitante en el museo
Authors: Tirado de la Chica Ana
Published: March 2016

Con este trabajo pretendo abordar un conocimiento significativo sobre mi relación sensible y experiencial reciente en los sitios de los museos, y tratar de comprender el cambio de mirada sobre el imaginario del museo que he experimentado en mi carrera de estudios, profesional y personal, que abordo desde una metodología indagadora performativa de la experiencia museal.
La costura y el bordado en el museo de arte Naïf de Jaén
Authors: Gila Malo María del Carmen
Published: March 2016

En el presente texto se considera que el bordado y la costura son técnicas artísticas que se aplican al dibujo y a la pintura, con igual categoría e importancia que otras técnicas, que han sido empleadas en los siglos XX y XXI, por todo tipo de artistas, tanto de renombre como menos conocidos, tanto hombres, como mujeres. Lo que concretamente se pretende es poner de manifiesto la situación del bordado y la costura como técnicas artísticas en el arte naif y mostrar a artistas que lo empleen expuestos en el museo “Manuel Moral”. Y sobre todo, lo que se busca es darle una mayor importancia a esta técnica, que incluso cuenta con una sala en exclusiva dentro del museo.
Multiculturalidad y educación sociosexual
Authors: Gómez Suárez Águeda
Published: March 2016

En este texto se muestran diversas formas de organización sociosexual de diversas sociedades, extraídas del trabajo de campo antropológico realizado por la autora desde el año 2004 hasta la actualidad, en relación a las tipologías propuestas por Anne Bolin, esto es: tradiciones dos espíritus, rituales de género cruzado, géneros hermafroditas, matrimonio entre mujeres y roles de géneros cruzados (transgéneros) -con el fin de mostrar la diversa pluralidad de modelos y sistemas sexo/género existentes en las sociedades contemporáneas, -que incluye modelos matricéntricos o sociedades con tercer género-, realidades que cuestionan el patrón hegemónico occidental binario, heteronormativo y antropocéntrico.
Enemigos íntimos o vecinos distantes. La antropología y los estudios culturales en el Ecuador
Authors: Brito Alvarado Xavier
Published: March 2016

La Antropología y los Estudios Culturales han mantenido una serie de disputas, tanto en el orden conceptual como metodológico. Estos dos campos del saber parecerían que tienen más puntos de encuentro que distancias; comparten una serie de autores y teorías, que permiten construir conectores comunes. Sin embargo, en Ecuador estas disputas se han institucionalizado alrededor de las dos universidades de mayor prestigio, donde las disputas parecerían que se tornan más enraizadas. Este ensayo pretende dar a conocer los recorridos históricos de estos dos campos del saber en Ecuador, así como de las disputas y semejanzas teóricas existentes.
Sabemos lo que queremos. Estrategias comunitarias como respuesta a la crisis en el barrio de El Realejo
Authors: Cano Cabrera Yolanda
Published: March 2016

La crisis económica que se está viviendo en España ha puesto en evidencia nuestro sistema político, ya que desde las distintas instituciones no se está dando una respuesta adecuada a la ciudadanía en la resolución de distintas problemáticas sociales. En el Barrio del Realejo, en Granada han surgido expresiones vecinales cuyas prácticas colectivas tratan de solucionar los efectos sociales provocados por la crisis económica, y que cuestionan el papel del Estado y de las instituciones que lo representan al no dar respuestas a la ciudadanía. Estas expresiones comunitarias deben ser tenidas en cuenta, si se quiere alcanzar un verdadero desarrollo local en el que las personas involucradas sean agentes de sus condiciones de vida.
Aproximación antropológica a la lactancia materna
Authors: Rodríguez García Rita
Published: March 2016

Este trabajo pretende exponer las diferencias y similitudes que se producen alrededor de la lactancia materna examinando los aspectos más controvertidos históricamente. Se trata de comprender la forma en que la fisiología materna y la construcción social de la lactancia dan lugar a una retroalimentación entre ambas. El análisis se enfoca, principalmente, sobre las distintas prácticas en el inicio del amantamiento tras el parto, la duración de la lactancia, las creencias y supersticiones sobre la misma, la lactancia por otra mujer y la lactancia artificial teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva del contexto sociohistórico, cultural y situacional en la que fueron realizadas.
La colonialidad del poder y del saber en las políticas públicas de la unión europea: reflexiones a partir de una investigación sobre “inmigración” e “integración”
Authors: Sebastiani Luca
Published: March 2016

En este artículo analizo cómo la colonialidad del poder y la colonialidad del saber se manifiestan en las políticas de control migratorio de la Unión Europea y en el “Marco Europeo para la Integración”. Planteo que la colonialidad del poder se manifiesta especialmente en las primeras, de una manera directa e “inmediata”, mientras que la colonialidad del saber afecta principalmente a las políticas “blandas” de integración comunitarias, aunque de una manera “mediada” y “enmascarada” por variados mecanismos discursivos y no discursivos. En este último espacio, el lugar de enunciación eurocéntrico resulta más eficazmente encubierto por un conjunto de prЗcticas participativas y de saberes hegemЧnicos. Concluyo que, a pesar de las diferencias, ambos marcos políticos son complementarios y mutuamente constitutivos, por lo que declaro “ficticia” la separación entre “inmigración” e “integración” y la considero como una “tecnología de poder” con una fuerte dimension de colonialidad.
POSSÍVEIS FONTES DA ESTRATÉGIA DIDÁTICA DE BETTI KATZENSTEIN * POSSIBLE SOURCES OF BETTI KATZENSTEIN’S TEACHING STRATEGY
Authors: Borsato Claudia Roberta , Cunha Marcus Vinicius da
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Este trabalho tem por base uma pesquisa anterior que analisou uma série de artigos de Betti Katzenstein publicados entre 1947 e 1948 na coluna Clínica Psicológica, seção do Caderno Feminino do Jornal Folha da Manhã do Rio de Janeiro. A referida pesquisa revelou que alguns artigos eram elaborados na forma de diálogos entre duas personagens fictícias – Dona Anastácia, uma mulher de pouca instrução, e uma Psicóloga –, sendo esta uma maneira de a autora instruir seus leitores acerca de estratégias retóricas de persuasão. O presente trabalho focaliza as possíveis fontes de inspiração de Katzenstein, no que tange a essa estratégia didática. São analisadas as publicações da Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos entre 1944 e 1948, em busca de matérias relativas a metodologias de ensino e também dois livros (O teatro da espontaneidade, de 1923 e Psicodrama, de 1946) de autoria de Jacob Levy Moreno, criador do Psicodrama. Palavras-chave: História da Educação; História da Psicologia; Estratégias Didáticas; Persuasão; Retórica.  Abstract: This work is based on a previous research that analyzed a series of articles published by Betti Katzenste between 1947 and 1948 in Rio de Janeiro’s Folha da Manhã Newspaper - Psychological Clinic column, Women's Notebook section. That research revealed that some items were prepared in the form of dialogues between two fictional characters - Dona Anastacia, a woman of little education, and a psychologist, in such a way in which the author could instruct readers about rhetorical strategies of persuasion. This work also focuses on Katzenstein’s possible sources of inspiration concerning teaching strategy. It analyzes the publications of the Brazilian Journal of Pedagogical Studies between 1944 and 1948 in search of matters relating to teaching methodologies as well as two books (The Theatre of Spontaneity from 1923 and Psychodrama from 1946) written by Jacob Levy Moreno, creator of Psychodrama. Keywords: History of Education, History of Psychology, Teaching Strategies, Persuasion, Rhetoric.
DARNTON, Robert. Poesia e polícia: redes de comunicação na Paris do século XVIII. 1ª. Edição. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2014.
Authors: Silva Evander Ruthieri S. da
Published: March 2016

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RAFAEL BARRETT: UM ANARQUISTA NO CORAÇÃO DA AMÉRICA DO SUL * RAFAEL BARRETT: UN ANARCHISTE DANS LE COEUR DE LA AMÉRIQUE DU SUD
Authors: Herrig Fábio Luiz Arruda
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Este texto tem três eixos principais, circunscritos à figura de Rafael Barrett: i) a pessoa, ou seja, quem foi ele;ii) a obra, referente ao que produziu em vida;iii) a postura política, cuja demanda específica, relaciona-se ao posicionamento dele perante a sociedade platina na primeira década do século XX. A análise que se pretende fazer não é, em absoluto, profunda, mas pretende apontar para um campo em aberto, visto que, na América Latina, foi um autor que, após sua morte foi, pouco a pouco, sendo obliterado do panorama intelectual. Palavras-chave: Rafael Barrett; América do Sul; Anarquismo. RÉSUMÉ : Cette article a trois axe principal, limité a la figure de Rafael Barrett : i) la persone, qui il était ; ii) l’oeuvre, referente à le qu’il produit dans sa vie ; iii) La posture politique, dont la demande spécifique,  il se rapporte à son poste parante société platine dans la première décennie du XXe siècle. L’analyse est destiné pas du tuot profonde, mais tiens à souligner un champ ouvert, parce que en Amérique latine, il était un auteur qui, après sa mort a été, peu à peu, étant effacé le paysage intellectuel. Mots Clés : Rafael Barrett ; Amérique du Sud ; Anarchisme.