bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Pollution by Heavy Metals of Soils of Tagangrog City
Authors: Korikova Nadia , Gusakova Natalia , Kovalenko Dmitry
Published: September 2013

The content of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium in 45 samples of city soils were determined by the method of a stripping voltammetry. Results are compared with maximum permissible concentration of analyzed metals. Existent level of pollution of soils by heavy metals was characterized and its ecological assessment was given.
Numerical Simulation on Improving NOx Reduction Efficiency of SNCR by Regulating the 3-D Temperature Field in a Furnace
Authors: Musa Amir A.B. , Zeng Xiong Wei , Fang Qing Yan , Zhou Huai Chun
Published: September 2013

The optimum temperature within the reagent injection zone is between 900 and 1150°C for the NOX reduction by SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) in coal-fired utility boiler furnaces. As the load and the fuel property changes, the temperature within the reagent injection zone will bias from the optimum range, which will reduces significantly the de-NOX efficiency, and consequently the applicability of SNCR technology. An idea to improve the NOX reduction efficiency of SNCR by regulating the 3-D temperature field in a furnace is proposed in this paper. In order to study the new method, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a 200 MW multi-fuel tangentially fired boiler have been developed using Fluent 6.3.26 to investigate the three-fuel combustion system of coal, blast furnace gas (BFG), and coke oven gas (COG) with an eddy-dissipation model for simulating the gas-phase combustion, and to examine the NOX reduction by SNCR using urea-water solution. The current CFD models have been validated by the experimental data obtained from the boiler for case study. The results show that, with the improved coal and air feed method, average residence time of coal particles increases 0.3s, burnout degree of pulverized coal increases 2%, the average temperature at the furnace nose decreases 61K from 1496K to 1435K, the NO emission at the exit (without SNCR) decreases 58 ppm from 528 to 470 ppm, the SNCR NO removal efficiency increases 10% from 36.1 to 46.1%. The numerical simulation results show that this combustion adjustment method based on 3-D temperature field reconstruction measuring system in a 200 MW multi-fuel tangentially fired utility boiler co-firing pulverized coal with BFG and COG is timely and effective to maintain the temperature of reagent injection zone at optimum temperature range and high NOX removal efficiency of SNCR.
CO2 Capture with MEA Absorption
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ren Jian Xing , Sun Tian Yu , Wang Qin Yang
Published: September 2013

The rapid increase in the concentration of CO2 raises global concern. The latest research indicates that the concentration has reached a new peak of 400[1] ppm. Effective CO2 abatement strategies, such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), are of great interest. One common method of CCS is MEA absorption. This paper aims to illustrate post-combustion capture with MEA solvent. The principles, procedures, influencing factors, advantages and drawbacks are discussed to better understand what hinders existing power plants from retrofitting with this technology.
Low-Temperature Catalytic Clearing of Gases of Thermal Power Station from Harmful Impurity in the Presence of the Cobalt Complexes Fixed on a Polymeric Matrix
Authors: Yemelyanova V.S. , Shakieva T. V. , Kairbekov Zh.K. , Shakiev E. M. , Baizhomartov B. B.
Published: September 2013

The results of optimization of catalysts for gases clearing from sulfur dioxide using processes of oxidation are presented in this work. The researches carried out with the help of modern methods: kinetic, IR-, UV-spectrophotometric, viscometry, LG-chromatography, redox-potentiometric. It is shown, that developed complexes of transitive metals immobilized on a polymeric matrix are highly effective and stable catalysts for the sulphur dioxide oxidation processes. By the example of cobalt compounds the reactions kinetic investigated in details, the kinetic equation is received, allowing to optimize process of gases clearing from sulfur dioxide, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of process are calculated.
Study on Investors' Game Behavior in Rural Drinking Water Safety Project
Authors: Li Wei
Published: September 2013

The project of rural drinking water safety project mainly involves three types of investors as the government, market investors and farmers. Starting from the behavioral characteristics of the investors, using game method of symmetric information and asymmetric information, this paper constructs mathematical model describing decision-making process through game between government and farmers, government and market investors and central government and local government in rural drinking water safety project.
Cometabolism of CAHs while Growing on BTEX in Soil Slurry
Authors: Li Jun Hui , Dong Shan Shan , Shim Ho Jae
Published: September 2013

An indigenous Pseudomonas sp., isolated from the heavily petroleum-contaminated soil and identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, was evaluated for its aerobic cometabolic removal of mixture of two representative chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), with BTEX/toluene provided as substrate in a laboratory-scale soil slurry. The aerobic simultaneous bioremoval of the cis-DCE/TCE/BTEX mixture was studied under different conditions. Results showed that the increased BTEX concentration from 400 to 600 mg/kg prolonged the bioremoval of BTEX. The cometabolism of cis-DCE and TCE was significantly greater when toluene was provided as growth substrate compared to the BTEX mixture as substrates. Additionally, the bioremoval of toluene in the treatment with toluene as sole growth substrate was higher compared to the treatment with BTEX mixture as substrate. Results would enhance the applicability of bioremediation technology to the mixed wastes-contaminated sites.
Impact of Relative Humidity on Cooling Tower Plume Dispersion
Authors: Guo Rui Ping , Yang Chun Lin , Zhang Chun Ming , Lan Bing
Published: September 2013

The SACTI model (Seasonal Annual Cooling Tower Impact) as the environmental impact assessment of cooling tower was applied in this paper, which was used to simulate the plume characters under different kinds of relative humidity. The three kinds of relative humidity were 70%, 80% and 90% and it was analyzed that the plume character under these three kinds of relative humidity. Results showed that the plume length, plume height and plume radius will present different change trend when relative humidity changed. Additionally, the plume dispersion character in different seasons presented obviously variations and the different wind direction also play important role in prediction of cooling tower plume dispersion.
The Distribution Characteristics of Soil TP and IP Forms at the Xiangxi River Riparian Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Song Ting Ting , Chen Lei , Du Jian Jun , Zhang Wen Li , Wang Jian Zhu
Published: September 2013

The soil samples along the Xiangxi River bank in the Three Gorges Reservoir were collected at exposed period. The total phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus contents in soil were determined, and their distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the average content of TP is 1.0735gkg-1 (145-175m) and 1.225gkg-1 (175-185m) respectively. The downstream and upstream has the maximum and minimum values respectively. Ca-P and O-P are the major IP forms of Xiangxi River riparian zone. The midstream and upstream (145-175m) has the maximum and minimum content of Al-P and Fe-P respectively, while the downstream (175-185m) has maximum content of Al-P and Fe-P respectively. The downstream (145-185m) has minimum content, while the upstream and midstream has the maximum content of WS-P and O-P respectively. The upstream and downstream (145-185m) has the maximum and minimum content of Ca-P respectively. The bio-available phosphorus content decreased gradually and bio-unavailable phosphorus content increased gradually from downstream to upstream.
Technical Innovation of Rural Tourism in Zhejiang: A Case Study of Baisha Village, Hangzhou City
Authors: Hu Jian Qiang , Pan Yue You , Jiang Liao
Published: September 2013

The provincial rural tourism in Zhejiang is still on a developing and lifting stage. There are also many problems which need to carry on technological innovation. The article mainly studies technical innovation on rural tourism, taking Baisha village as a typical case and conducts a in-depth investigation on the three aspects of rural tourism technical innovation, namely, products innovation, management and service innovation, and marketing innovation. After that, the author proposes some counter measures to provide references to develop rural tourism in other similar areas.
Stability Evaluation of Karst Foundation Based on Orthogonal Test
Authors: Wu Yi Ping , Zhou Jian Hong , Zhang Qiu Xia , Zhao Zhong Jie
Published: September 2013

Many State Grid projects of China are facing a series of natural disaster threats, such as landslide, collapse, mud-rock slide, etc. This article takes the Huangshi Daye Steel Substation as research object. Based on the orthogonal test which confirmed factors influencing the stability, it adopts the Numerical Simulation Method and the Roof Thickness-to-span Ratio Method to evaluate the stability of the Huangshi Daye Steel Substations karst foundation. By doing this, karst foundation stability maps of the substation are respectively obtained. Analyzing the stability results of the two methods, it has been found that the stability evaluation results measured by the two methods are the same. And orthogonal test has advantages such as comprehensiveness, speediness, reliability and accuracy. Meanwhile, according to the stability evaluation results, specific site operation suggestions are proposed.
Composite Ecological Effect of Ocean Development and Improvement Measure of Coastal Cities' Human Settlements
Authors: Shen Li , Jiao Miao
Published: September 2013

Ocean environmental protection and coastal human settlements improvement have always been the important problems in the ocean development of coastal cities in China. The composite ecological effect of ocean development are complex, and have great impacts on ocean productivity and human settlements and human health, etc. After examining the urban planning model and marine pollution data of coastal cities in China, two typical urban planning model which named bay-oriented model and mainland-island model are faced with challenges of ecological degradation. The improvement measures of coastal cities' human settlements are the following that, first, transform the end control to the monitor and control of the key links of ecological environment. Second, transform the artificial landscape of the coast to reconstruction of nature-approximating ecological environment. Third, transform the separate management of land and ocean to land-ocean coordinated governance.
Developing an Urban Residential District Plan Competition Assessment System for China
Authors: Zhang Xiao Peng , Zhao Bo Yang
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this research is to combine the sustainability evaluation system of China and put forward a sustainability assessment system based on urban residential district plan competition program. In this research, the status quo of the evaluation process was studied. As the core of the research, the establishment of URDPAS complements the assessment technology of residential district plan competition. The existing area scale sustainability assessment tools were analyzed. With the application of ANP method to determine the evaluation items and weighting system in urban residential district plan, decision-makers can use this evaluation process and assessment system to assess the residential district plans more comprehensively and rationally than using traditional methods and the selection of the best plan becomes relatively easier.
A Study of Discrimination Criterion for Extraction of Linear-Circular Structure of Remote Sensing Image, with Bainiuchang Silver Polymetallic Deposit, Yunnan Province, China as Example
Authors: Tan Qing Li , Gao Jian Guo
Published: September 2013

This paper analyzes the factors including geological factors, imaging factors must be considered when extract Remote Sensing image linear-circular structure. And summarizes six criterions to recognize and distinguish the types of linear-circular structures. These criterions successful applied to extract Landsat ETM+ image linear-circular structures in Bainiuchang silver Polymetallic deposit.
The Application of Airborne LiDAR System in Geological Disasters
Authors: Tong Peng , Liu Hong Cheng , Gao Shuai Hua
Published: September 2013

Airborne LiDAR System is a laser detection and ranging system for quickly obtaining high-precision, high-density three-dimensional coordinate data. The target information after the geological disasters can be victimized for disaster assessment and decision analysis to provide effective support, LiDAR provides a new technical means for disaster mitigation, relief works. This paper focuses on the application of airborne LiDAR system in geological disasters, it summarizes some experience of the LiDAR point data acquisition and processing, and the results of the LiDAR point data.
Characterization of Physical and Chemical Evaluation on Six Apple Varieties
Authors: Gong Li Yan , Li Bin , Bi Jin Feng , Bai Sha Sha , Meng Xian Jun
Published: September 2013

Physical and chemical characterization of 6 apple varieties (Early Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Hanfu, Ralls, Rainier and Fuji) from China was performed using pattern recognition tools. Measurements were taken on 12 parameters including weigh, colour, fruit firmness, crude fiber, total soluble solids, titration acid, water, Vitamin C, edible rate and juice yield .The results showed that physical and chemical properties existed different variance in apple varieties. The coefficient of variance of 12 properties was from 2.15% to 69.04%. The different apple varieties were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). PCA revealed that the first four components represented 95.13% of the total variability in properties and different apple groups. HCA classified samples into three groups on the basis of the physical and chemical properties.
Rapid Determination of Paeoniflorin and Moisture in Xiaoyao Pills (Concentrated) by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Bai Yan , Gong Hai Yan , Li Xiao Qing , Xie Cai Xia , Duan Xiao Yan , Lei Jing Wei
Published: September 2013

The objective of the present research was to establish a rapid analytical method for paeoniflorin and moisture in Xiaoyao Pills (condensed) by near-infrared spectroscopy. The near-infrared spectral data of 97 samples was collected by Nicolet 6700 NIR spectrograph,and the reference value of index component content were obtained by HPLC and oven-drying method. Then the multivariate calibration model of paeoniflorin and moisture were established by patrical least square (PLS) and predicting the content of unknow samples. The results showed that the correlation coefficients (R2) of the quantitative calibration model for paeoniflorin and moisture were 0.99774,0.95352, the root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC) were 0.00489,0.132,the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.00827,0.177. The results indicated that NIRS can provide a simple and accurate way for the fast determination of index component in large numbers of Xiaoyao Pills (concentrated).
The Preliminary Isolation and Identification of Several Aerobic Thermophilic Bacteria
Authors: Huang Xiao Dan , Tan Jian , Yang Zheng Rong , Du Lin
Published: September 2013

Thermophilic bacteria are widely existed in nature, and it has broadly application prospects in the degradation of organics. Here an aerobic thermophilic bacteria , which is named Z3, was isolated with high temperature cultivation. Z3 has well degradation ability to macromolecules organics such as starch, protein, lipid and cellulose .Z3 bacteria were identified as aerobic and Gram-positive Bacillus with spores, with the optimum growth temperature of about 65 °C.
Determination of Functional Components of Peanut Skins Pigment
Authors: Du Lei , Li Xin Hua , Liu Ying
Published: September 2013

The pigments in black and red peanut skins were comparative analyzed in this paper. The pigments were extracted with ethanol solution, purified by AB-8 macroporous resin, and black peanut skins pigment (BPSP) was separated by ethyl acetate to obtain different compositions. The compositions of pigments were qualitatively analyzed by special chemical reaction of organics and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The results show that the compositions of BPSP are mainly anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, and the contents are 9.39% and 16.62%, respectively. The proanthocyanidins are found in red peanut skins pigment (RPSP), and the content is 24.51%, and no anthocyanin is checked out. It is convenient, rapid, economical and effective for special chemical reaction of organics and UV-visible spectrophotometry, and it is suitable for preliminary identification of natural organics structure.
Determination of Magnolol and Honokiol in Mangnolia Officinalis by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Rapidly
Authors: Lei Jing Wei , Gong Hai Yan , Guo Yan Li , Xie Cai Xia , Duan Xiao Yan , Chen Zhi Hong , Bai Yan
Published: September 2013

In this paper, Near-infrared spectrum technology was applied for fast determining the content of magnolol and honokiol in Mangnolia officinalis. 105 samples of Mangnolia officinalis from xx pharmaceutical factories were divided into a calibration set (79 samples) and a validation set (26 samples). The near infrared spectrum of samples were collected, while take the HPLC value as a reference, Use the partial least squares (PLS) to establish the quantitative model of Magnolol and Honokiol. The correlation coefficient of calibration (R2), the root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root-mean-squareerror of cross-validation (RMSECV) of the calibration model were 0.9813, 0.0833, 0.2518; the recovery rate of prediction of the validation was 99.99%.The method is uncomplicated and result is accurate, which could measure the content of Mangnolia officinalis in bulk and fast, save costs and improve efficiency.
Geochemical Anomaly Characteristics of the Soil Secondary Halo of Pangjiagou Gold Polymetallic Deposit in Chengde, Hebei Province
Authors: Chen Jiao Jiao , Li Ying Shu , He Da Qing , Yang Dong Ming , Zhang Yi Ke
Published: September 2013

Pangjiagou gold polymetallic deposit is located in bending parts of the north east direction of the Yanshan arc structural belt in Hebei province, which has a good regional metallogenic background. According to the collection of samples and tests of eight elements for the samples of the mining area, we studied the geochemical anomaly characteristics of the soil secondary halos of the ore deposit. By means of researching on geochemical characteristics of the ore deposit, it worked out that the ore deposit possesses the characteristics of multiphase ore-forming hydrothermal activity, which is divided into the Sb-Zn mineralization period and Cu-Au mineralization period. The important prospecting of the ore deposits in the area consist of the surface oxidation, the wall rock alteration and the geochemical characteristics.
Factor-Universal Kriging Model in the Geochemical Combination Anomaly
Authors: Cao Meng Xue , Lu Lai Jun , Chen Guo Qiang
Published: September 2013

Geochemical elements combination anomaly is one of three basic theories in the mineral resources prediction, considering the autocorrelation and structure of elements spatial distribution, comprehensive spatial structure simplified for Factor analysis and spatial variation metric thought for Universal Kriging, mixing together two methods constructs the so-called Factor-Universal Kriging model, for combination anomaly analysis of regional geochemical data. This article emphatically introduces the principle and application of the model.
Application of Fault Zone Modeling
Authors: Wang Li , Li Shao Hua , Li Jun
Published: September 2013

In outcrops, a fault often appears to be a geologic body with some volume which is called as a fault zone. In the geologic modeling, a fault is often characterized as a surface which cannot characterize the inner structures of the fault zone and the physical differences led by different clast fillings in the fault zone. So, a new method of fault zone modeling was applied in Weizhou oilfield, the proposed method was as follows: First, the two boundaries of a fault zone were characterized as two surfaces, and the distance between the two surfaces was decided by the extent of the fault zone, and the area between the two boundary surfaces was the fault zone. Second, fault zone could be divided into several parts which would characterize its inner structures and properties. When the fault zone is characterized as a geologic body, its inner structures and properties such as its closure can be characterized, which can provide a geologic model that is closer to the actual for the post numerical reservoir simulation.
Provenance Study of Shanxi Formation, Lower Permian in Southwestern Ordos Basin
Authors: Li Hui , Shi Hui
Published: September 2013

Provenance study is the most basic and important work to find out provenance location and quality, to ascertain sediment transporting way, and to confirm depositional system display in addition to sandstone. Shanxi Formation in Lower Permian has a depositional system distribution from North to South in Ordos Basin. The north provenance in Ordos is regarded as the leading factor to the facies, so it is relatively weaker about the south provenance. Now that all about provenance study in southwestern Basin has been a concern of explorationists, which is also the fundamental criterion of next aspect. This thesis analyses the main and subordinate provenances of Southwestern Ordos Basin in Shanxi Period according to sedimentary petrology (composition, heavy mineral assemblage, paleocurrent direction, cathodoluminescence etc.), as well as sandstone thickness, to forecast prospective reservoir.
Study on Status of Sedimentary Facies and Lithofacies Paleogeography of Carboniferous-Permian System in Northeast China
Authors: Li Fu Lai , Duan Zhong Feng
Published: September 2013

Northeast China is in geotectonics transition period and forms a complicated sedimentary structure background in Carboniferous-Permian period. Northeast Area mentioned in this paper refers to the north of Xilamulun river-Changchun-Yanji line, where Carboniferous- Permian system spreads widely. Sedimentary facies and lithofacies paleogeography is studied to examine regional sedimentary structure background.
Distribution, Characteristics and Genesis of Lead-Zinc Deposits in Central Yunnan Provice
Authors: Liu Xin Kai , Gao Jian Guo , Chang He , Tan Qing Li
Published: September 2013

Central Yunnan lead-zinc polymetallic province in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou metallogenic province has 50 large, medium and small acale of pb-zn deposits. Through contrast research, ore-bearing rock is developed from Kunyang group of Early Proterozoic to Triassic carbonate, ore body, which is characterized by low temperature and low salinity, is obviously controlled by faults, and is accompanied by a strong dolomitization and calciization. Possiblly, metallogenic epoch is Mesozonic. The ore-forming material mainly comes from strata itself, lesser from magmatic rocks. Underground thermal water is the main mineralized hydrothermal water.
Distribution Characteristics of Structural-Deformed Coal in Southern Shizhuang Block, Qinshui Basin
Authors: Xing Li Ren , Liu Zhi Qiang , Yan Tao Tao , Teng Juan
Published: September 2013

The research of structural-deformed coal is important in coalbed methane exploitation. Compared with those of undeformed coals, the geophysical logging characteristics of structural-deformed coals show lower amplitude value of deep lateral log (LLD) and density log (RHOB) and higher amplitude value of acoustic log (AC). In the southern Shizhuang Block, the structural-deformed coal is commonly developed, with the thickness ranging from 0.6 to 1.1 m. The thickness of structural-deformed coals accounts for 11.5-18.5% of the total coal thickness. In general, the structural-deformed coals are more developed in the west than those in the east of the study area.
Prediction Model of Coal-Fired Power Plant Boiler's Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Based on Elman Neural Network
Authors: Chen Ying , Fu Zhong Guang , Lv Xiao Hang
Published: September 2013

Nitrogen oxides are dangerous toxic pollutants to human health and the atmospheric environment.[ Boilers NOx emissions as a major source of energy conservation is the most important task. The generation principles and influencing factors of coal-fired power plant boilers NOx were discussed. The current mechanism modeling had limitations and shortcomings, by studying reversed modelings and artificial neural network theory, Elman neural network was used to build the prediction model of coal-fired boilers NOx emissions. By comparing the predicted results with the true results, the convergence speed and accuracy of the method are both satisfactory to provide reference and guidance, and it provides new ideas and new ways for thermal power NOx measurements.
Study on Flotation of Lead-Zinc Oxide Ore from Yunnan
Authors: Lan Zhuo Yue , Li Di Fei , Liu Quan Jun , Tong Xiong
Published: September 2013

With regard to a deep-extend oxidized refractory lead-zinc ore from Yunnan province, containing 4.55% Pb and 17.09% Zn, a test study was carried out. By adopting single-stage roughing, single-stage scavenging, two-stage cleaning in the flotation of lead oxide ores, and single-stage cleaning, single-stage cleaning in the reverse flotation of zinc oxide ores, bulk concentrate of lead and zinc containing 36.60% Pb, 19.63% Zn with the Pb recovery of 82.45%, zinc concentrate containing 36.52% Zn, 0.44%Pb with the Zn recovery of 73.18% were obtained in the closed circuit experiment.
Effect of Chlorine Concentration on Determining COD by Acid and Alkaline Potassium Permanganate
Authors: E Mo Di , Ding Tao , Zhan Sheng Chao , Yao Fu Wei , Wan Hong Ke
Published: September 2013

In water monitoring, effect of chloride ion in water body on determining COD can not be ignored. Potassium dichromate has a strong oxidizing, and it can oxidize most of the organic in matter. But it generally is used to determine the water body which COD is larger than 30mg/L, and easily influenced by Chloride ion. So we often use alkaline potassium permanganate method which has weak impact by Chloride ion in high chlorine concentration wastewater. For the tidal estuary, we often use acidic potassium permanganate method in upstream and alkaline potassium permanganate method in downstream. The different detection methods cause the disagreement of water quality evaluation. This paper describes the influence of chlorine level on the COD standard solution prepared by laboratory and river freshwater sample from Qiantang River upstream in detail, and analyses the difference between the acid potassium permanganate method and alkaline potassium permanganate by comparing the COD standard solution prepared by laboratory and the freshwater sample. Last, this paper discusses the variation of COD during a tidal period.
Fesibility Study on Mining Two-Confined-Water Coal Seam in North-China-Type Coalfield - Taking Shuangliu Coal Mine as the Example
Authors: Wang Hua , Liu Zhi Qiang , Ji Hong Guang , Wang Jin An , Zhao Guo Dong , Huo Li Jie , Wang Zhi Qiang
Published: September 2013

Shuangliu mine is located in the middle of Hedong coalfield, Lvliang City , Shanxi Province. It is one of the typical NorthChinaType coalfields. The upper strata of the lower-group coal seams (8#, 9# seam) have several thin-layer limestones of the Taiyuan Formation, and the underlying strata of the lower-group coal seams have thick Ordovician limestone. Water inrush accident has ever happened in other mine in its vicinity. Therefore, whether the lower-group coal seams could be mined safely is related to the medium-and long-term program and sustainable development of Shuangliu Mine. Based on experimental study of physical and mechanical properties of main rocks of the roof and floor of the under-group coal seams, and the application of "Up Three Zone" Theory of coal seam roof (the caving zone, water flowing fractured zone and bending sinking zone), "Down Three Zone" Theory of coal seam floor (mining damage zone, water-resisting zone, water-conductive zone) and Water inrush coefficient Theory, we analyzed the water inrush risk and divided potential dangerous subareas of water inrush from coal seam floor while mining lower-group coal seams. The research findings can provide scientific basis for mining design and safe mining of lower-group coal seams in Shuangliu Coal Mine.
Research on Reasonable Position of Roadway for close Multi-Seam and its Application
Authors: Liu Ai Qing
Published: September 2013

The principle of roadway layout is in the low stress zone. Roadway will be difficult to support due to the lower seam face in the close multi-seam is affected by dynamic pressure of the upper seam face mining. The distribution of abutment pressure after the upper seam face mining were analyzed,concluded that: The layout of lower seam roadway should avoid the stress concentration area of residual coal pillar; Stress concentration of the coal pillar is related with mining order, and stress concentration degree is higher in the first mining side of the coal pillar; when the upper coal seam is gob, the layout of the roadway in the lower coal seam with the pattern of homodromous alternate interior layout will be easy to support.
Study on Natural Evaporation Process of Longmucuo Brine
Authors: Bian Shao Ju , Liu Xin , Gao Dan Dan , Hao Yong , Li Wu
Published: September 2013

The simulation of natural evaporation process of Longmucuo brine in winter was conducted in laboratory, and the original brine was preliminarily concentrated in field. The crystallization sequence of salts, enrichment rule of boron and lithium were obtained. The crystallization sequence of salts of this brine is similar to that of Da Qaidam brine in winter. The boron is enriched in concentrated brine at the same concentration factor with the brine. The concentration factor of lithium is the same as that of the brine at the early evaporating process before the brine is concentrated to 4 times, and it is much lower than that of the brine because of the crystallization of lithium in the late process.
Research on Technology of Gas Drainage in Highly Gassy and Thin Coal Seams with Long Wall Coal Face on the Strike
Authors: Li Wei Guang , Chen Ke Li , Liu Hu Hua
Published: September 2013

Based on the Feng Huang Coalmine 1402# coalface, applying the vertical three zones of overlying strata theory and O-ring theory, this paper discusses the migration paths of pressure-relieved gas in stope and the abundant gas region. By means of optimizing the roof crossing borehole method and high-position borehole in gob method, the gas drainage efficiency and extraction concentration have been improved, the gas emission arising from coalface has been reduced, and the gas accumulation phenomenon has been eliminated, which verifies the accuracy of this research and realizes the safe and efficient gas extraction goal as well.
The Evaluation Experiment Research on Sp Binary Composite System Performance and the Oil Displacement Effect
Authors: Liu Yang , Feng Jiu Hong
Published: September 2013

SP binary composite system can reduce the interfacial tension, has good viscoelasticity, and has similar displacement effect with ASP ternary composite system. In addition, the scaling formation can be weaken because it does not contain alkali. Therefore, it plays a important role in guiding the formulas of SP binary composite system and designing the injection scheme to evaluate the main performance and oil displacement effect of SP binary composite system. Experiments on the main performance evaluation, microscopic simulation model for oil displacement and oil displacement in cores have been carried in this paper, which is intended for the new type of surfactant (HLX-BO1 type)/polymer binary complex system which is applied in SP binary composite flooding test block of Daqing oil field. The emulsification property, adsorption characteristics, stability and rheological property of the SP binary composite system have been evaluated. The oil displacement effect of polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, and SP binary composite flooding have been analyzed in this paper. The evaluation experimental research on SP binary complex system performance shows that: 1The binary composite system has good viscosity stability and interfacial tension stability. 2the emulsification time and emulsification degree both increase With the increasing of surfactant concentration. 3The higher oil content in the oil sand, the greater the surfactant adsorption capacity. 4The concentration of surfactant has less affect on the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution, while alkali has greater influence on the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution. The oil displacement experimental research on SP binary system shows that the oil displacement effect of SP binary system is significantly better than that of the unitary system of polymer or surfactant alone. The oil displacement effect is well whether SP system is flooded after water flooding or polymer flooding. The average enhanced oil recovery rates of artificial cores in the oil displacement experiment are 17.5% and 10.10% respectively. The average enhanced oil recovery rate of natural cores in the oil displacement experiment after polymer flooding is 9.5%.
Assessment on the Transport of Polymeric Solution through High-Salinity Reservoirs Containing Divalent Cations
Authors: Choi Byung In , Jeong Moon Sik , Lee Kun Sang
Published: September 2013

Water salinity and hardness have been regarded as main limitation for field application of polymer floods. It causes not only reduction of polymer concentration, but also injectivity loss in the near wellbore. Based on the mathematical and chemical theory, extensive numerical simulations were conducted to investigate performance of polymer floods in the high-salinity reservoirs. According to results from simulations, the high salinity reduces the viscosity of polymer in contacting area. That causes a poor sweep efficiency of polymer flooding. Moreover, the presence of divalent cations makes the project of polymer flooding worse. That is because of excessively increased bottom-hole pressure in injection well by the precipitation of polymer. The quantitative assessment of polymer floods needs to be required before field application. Therefore, the results in this paper are helpful for optimal polymer flooding design under harsh reservoir conditions.
The Optimization and Application of Seismic Attribute – In Depicting Reservoir Sand Bodies
Authors: Ren Yu Ze , Song Ning Ning , Xia Shi Qiang
Published: September 2013

Right now the application of seismic attributes in China is almost only qualified. Given this situation 2D crossplot analysis, the unary linear regression method and the method of fuzzy clustering analysis are applied to get the seismic attributes from the 3D data volume of oilfield C. The seismic attributes are then quantified and the ones which are good for depicting the reservoir are found and fine depict, thus the application of the seismic attributes is more specifically. It provides good idea and method for the optimization and application of seismic attributes.
The Experiment of Factors in Influencing the Water-Oil Emulsion Inversion Phase Points
Authors: Cui Wei Lin , Li Lin , Li Yong Sheng
Published: September 2013

The energy consumption during the transportation can be reduced through avoiding transport the crude oil whose moisture content near the phase inversion point, but now, there are no scholar study the influence of various factors to the inversion phase point systematic. In this experiment ,we use HAAKE Viscotester 550 to study oil rheological and research that how temperature, shear rate, different kinds of viscosity reducer and different amount of it influence the phase inversion point systematically. The result shows that the rise of temperature or the shear rate can push the point forward. Different kinds of viscosity reducers have different effects at different temperatures, the more does the viscosity reducers added, the more forward it push the point, but when the amount of it reaches a certain degree, the phase inversion point not forward any more, so we should predict it through the experiment in advance. This experiment have filled the gaps in current phase inversion point research field.
Studies of Microwave Solvothermal Synthesis of the Nanocrystalline Copper and Lanthanum Selenide and its Structure
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Shao Yan , Wang Qin
Published: September 2013

Microwave solvothermal technique was used to synthesize nanocrystalline . This method is employed with much excellence such as celerity, economy, good purity and small granularity. Several techniques including XRD, TEM, EDS and XPS were used to characterize its composition. The mechanism of the formation of nanocrystalline was discussed. UV-Vis indicates that this compound is preferable semiconductor with a band gap of 2.27 eV.
The Syntheses and Structures of Two New Zn(II) Complexes Based on 3-Nitrobenzoato Ligand
Authors: Lu Ying Bing , Jian Fang Mei , Jin Shuang
Published: September 2013

Two new Zn (II) coordination polymers with 3-nitrobenzoato ligands have been prepared, and their structures have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The structure of [Zn (3-nbz)2(μ-4,4'-bpy)]n(1) (3-nbz = 3-nitrobenzoato, 4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) shows 1-D chains originating from terminal 3-nbz ligands andμ-4,4'-bpy molecules. The chains are further connected through face-to-face π stacking interactions to genenate a 2-D supramolecular layer. In Zn (3-nbz)2(2,2'-bpy) (2) (2,2'-bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), carboxylate groups exhibit chelated bidentate to give discrete mononuclear units, which are linked by face-to-face π-π and C-H···π interactions to produce a 1-D supramolecular chain.
Microstructural Changes during Thermal Fatigue in a Nickel-Base Directionally Solidified Superalloy
Authors: Zhao Kai
Published: September 2013

Microstructural evolution of a nickel-base directionally solidified superalloy during thermal fatigue was investigated. Three kinds of phase transformation have been observed: μ phase precipitated due to the relatively increasing of the concentration of forming μ phase elements as a result of the depletion of Al and Cr; Script-like carbides and γ phase dissolved into the matrix. Also, thermal fatigue was strongly influenced by oxidation.
Corrosion Rates and Mechanical Properties of Rebar HRB335
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: September 2013

The corrosion rates of rebar HRB335 and the tensile mechanical properties before and after corrosion in 1.5 wt.% NaCl solution were studied. The results showed that, with increasing corrosion time from 30 days to 90 days, the corrosion rate of rebar HRB335 increases. With increasing corrosion time (corrosion rate), the yield strength and tensile strength of rebar HRB335 decrease, but the elongation increases at first and then decreases.
The Effect of Different Ions on Photodegradation Rhodamine B in TiO2 Suspension Liquid
Authors: Huo Peng Wei , Wei Mao Bin , Liu Xin Lin , Wang Dan Dan , Lu Zi Yang , Yan Yong Sheng
Published: September 2013

The photocatalytic degradation process of waste water was usually influenced by many factors, such as different ions, addition reagent and pH value. In order to investigate the effect of ions strength in the photocatalytic process, the anions and cations were systematically investigated with P25 TiO2 photocatalyst with Rhodamine B (RB) as waste water in this work. The results showed that the cations of low valence showed minimum negative effect on degradation rate and the most anions showed enhance the degradation rate of RB. The ions strength showed random in the photocatalytic process.
Thermal Resistance by Phase Change Materials of the Double Roof System
Authors: Chaisan Jirod , Maneewan Somchai , Punlek Chantana
Published: September 2013

This research studies about the possibility of Phase change materials for development with the double roof system which uses the Radiant barrier to reduce the heat into the house and to reduce load of the air conditioner. The experiment was divided into 4 patterns. The Radiant barrier and the Phase change materials are on top of the air passage (model 1). The Phase change materials and the Radiant barrier are on top of the air passage (model 2). The Radiant barrier is under the roof and the Phase change materials is under the air passage is (model 3). The Radiant barrier is under the air passage and the Phase change materials is under the roof (model 4). By building the test room sizes 90x90 cm2 and the air passage sizes 10 cm. The heat source from the heat generator in temperature is 45, 50, 60. The results revealed that if the Radiant barrier is under the roof and the Phase change materials is under the air passage, temperature will tend to decrease by the heat transmission into the house decrease about 3-5 in the experiment. The above-mentioned decrease of the temperature, the calculation of the thermal energy per unit area in (model 3) can decrease the most quantity of heat flux more than the other patterns by average at 19.66, 22.5 and 29.14 W/m2 respectively. From the experiment was found that (model 3) has the appropriate position for development more than the other patterns.
Study and Application of Hydrophobic Coatings of Epoxy Resin Modified by Nano-SiO2
Authors: Wan Jia Gui , Li Shu Hua , Ma Chun Yang , Guo Guang Wei , Meng Qing Wu
Published: September 2013

Through adding in the epoxy resin coatings with low surface energy fluorine surfactants and hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles,prepare hydrophobic coating with imitation lotus leaf surface structure in the carbon steel surface.Discuss the influence of Hydrophobic nano-SiO2 content to the adhesion of the coating and the substrate and the static contact angle,and use scanning electron microscopy analysis of the surface structure of the coating.The results showed that the coating has a rough structure like the surface of the lotus leaf, and when the hydrophobic nano SiO2 content is 10%, the contact angle of water droplets on the coating surface is 141°C, which has good hydrophobic properties.
Research on Preparation, Properties and UV Curing Behaviors of Novel Myrcene-Based Vinyl Ester Resin
Authors: Yang Xue Juan , Li Shou Hai , Tang Xiao Dong , Xia Jian Ling
Published: September 2013

Myrcene-based vinyl ester resin (VER) monomer was prepared via simple Diels-Alder reaction and ring-opening esterification. The molecular structure and UV curing behaviors of prepared VER monomer were characterized using FTIR analysis method. Moreover, the mechanical properties, thermal stability and hardness of its UV cured product were also investigated. FTIR analysis results demonstrated that the target myrcene-based VER monomer has been successfully synthesized. UV curing behaviors analysis showed that prepared myrcene-based VER monomer could reach ultimate cured level within 50 s. Physical properties study showed that the UV cured product has certain tensile, flexural, impact resistance properties and high hardness. TGA indicated the UV cured product had excellent thermal stability, as it showed high thermal initial decomposition temperature at 359.6 °C .
Effect of Pull-Out Rate on Interfacial Bonding Strength of Fiber
Authors: Pan Zhi Yuan , Liu Xiang
Published: September 2013

This paper investigates the effect of different pull-out rates on interface bonding strength. The experimental results show that rate effect is also another significant effect factor which contributes to optical interface bonding strength. In the uniaxial tensile process, the interface bonding strength is attributed to the interplay between the shear force and the friction force. The critical strain rate for leading role between shear force and friction force is 10-1.5, when less than that friction force dominates in the interface bonding mechanism, otherwise shear force dominates.
A Pushback Slot Allocation Equilibrium Model Based on Game Theory
Authors: Liu Li Hua , Zhang Ya Ping , Wei Yu
Published: September 2013

This paper analyses the relationship between airport and airline, the time slot allocation system is portrayed as a market where the airline can be seen as consumer, airport can be seen as the trader and the goods is the occupied pushback slots of airport. In that case, the generalized nash equilibrium game is presented based on game theory. Taking the Minimize delay as a target, a decision models of airport was established. The pushback slot allocation equilibrium model based on game theory is finnally formed, and a framework for solving the equilibrium solution is proposed.
A Life-Cycle Assessment of Geothermal Heating Project with Low-Temperature Reservoirs in China
Authors: Guo Ming Jing , Ding Jie , Liu Yan Feng
Published: September 2013

This paper deals with specific the geothermal heating project with low-temperature reservoirs in specific districts of China and attempts to make a comprehensive life-cycle assessment of it. We apply the environment impact potential method to evaluate underground construction, aboveground construction, operation and decommissioning stages of the project. Compared with other energies the result of 17.08 person equivalents indicates that geothermal is a clean energy. The coal-fired electricity used in operation stage is the largest source of environment impact.
Impact of Super Absorbent Polymer and Plants on Microbial Community and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation in Contaminated Soil
Authors: Jiao Hai Hua , Bai Zhi Hui , Liu Ying , Wang Kai , Huang Zhan Bin
Published: September 2013

A greenhouse pot test, in which wheat, cabbage, spinach were cultivated separately in petroleum contaminated soil with and without super absorbent polymer (SAP), was conducted to evaluated the effect of plants and SAP on soil microbiological properties. phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profiles were analyzed to reveal the microbial communities. As a measure of the functional activity of soil microbial community, the ratio of degraded to total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in soil was estimated. The results indicated that SAP had an important effect on the soil microbial community and its degrading TPH activities. First, the principal component analysis (PCA) of the PLFA signatures revealed marked changes between soil with SAP and without SAP. In addition, the total amount and the profile of PLFA were significantly different between the untreated and SAP-amended soils. Using PLFA patterns as a biomarker, it was found that gram-positive bacteria (G+) were more sensitive to SAP than gram-negative bacteria (G-), and the biomass of G+ was higher in soil with SAP than in that without SAP. Second, the crop could stimulate the growth of soil microorganisms; however, the differences depended clearly on the crop species. The G+ and G- biomass was increased in cabbage, spinach soil containing SAP, but was decreased in wheat soils. The population of fungi was increased in cabbage and spinach soils containing SAP, but was decreased in wheat soil with SAP. The population of actinomycetes was decreased in all soils with SAP. Third, the ratio of degraded to TPH was slightly increased in soil with SAP treatment, but a significant change depended on the crop species. In total, 12 different PLFAs were identified, including saturated, monounsaturated, branched, and polyunsaturated species. There was a clear difference in the PLFAs composition between soils with and without SAP.