bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convolutional Neural Network on Brain Concentration and Art of Reading the Qur'an
Authors: Azhari Ahmad , Riyadhi Muhammad , Saputra Dimas Chaerul Ekty
Published: April 2024

In Islam there is a belief that reading the Qur'an can increase one's concentration power in doing something. Concentration can be influenced by several factors, to be able to identify or characterize individuals, it is necessary to measure brain wave activity. Brain waves are one of the biometric properties that can be used to identify individuals based on their physical. An electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used to measure and capture brain wave activity. To be able to naturally record brain wave activity requires constant and emergent brain activity. The activities needed are in the form of giving assignments to get the thinking process and concentration needed for the Basic Cognitive Test. The object of this research is the students of the University in Yogyakarta. EEG data recording was carried out in two stages, the first stage the respondents were given 10 minutes to work on the test questions without reading the Qur'an before working on the questions, the second stage the respondents were given 10 minutes to work on the test questions by reading the Qur'an before doing the work. about. When the respondent was working on the test, the researcher recorded the EEG signal using Neurosky Mindwave Mobile 2, so that the data in the form of brain signals was obtained. The data acquisition will undergo a preprocessing process in the form of a domain transformation signal using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Then enter the labeling process and after that the next process will be carried out the classification process using the CNN algorithm. The results of this study showed that 10 of 30 students' concentration levels experienced an increase, with an accuracy rate of 85% and a significant F test is 0.002
Comparison of Forensic Tool Results on Android Smartphone Backup Files Using NIST Method
Authors: Pangestu Permana Bangun , Koprawi Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Smartphone technology currently developing not only has a positive impact but can also have a negative impact if it is used to commit crimes which can be called cybercrime. Choosing the right forensic tools is very important when conducting an investigation. So it is necessary to research the results of the comparative analysis of the performance of forensic tools on android smartphone backup files. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) method was used in this study as a parameter and for the digital evidence obtained. The results of the extraction of the OPPO A37f android smartphone from the MOBILedit tools acquired android backup files and the analysis results from using the Magnet AXIOM tools with a data accuracy rate of 39.3% from the predetermined variables. The Oxygen Forensic Tools obtained a data accuracy rate of 28.6% from the variable that has been determined. The Belkasoft Evidence Center tools can get a data accuracy rate of 35.7% of the predetermined variables. The results of this study can be concluded that the Magnet Axiom tool has a high level of accuracy compared to the Oxygen Forensic and Belkasoft Evidence Center tools in extracting data from android smartphone backup files.
Development of Mandarin Education Quiz Game Using Android-Based Multimedia Development Life Cycle
Authors: Topani Muhammad Alfikri Maida , Azhari Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Mandarin is a language that is widely spoken and studied by people all over the world. Parents who start enrolling their children in Mandarin language courses from an early age with the hope that their children will become accustomed and proficient in using Mandarin. However, for elementary school children, the difficulty of constructing sentences in Mandarin is a major obstacle for children in the process of learning Mandarin. The purpose of this research is to create a unity-based mandarin quiz educational game application that is useful as an alternative media in the learning process to make it easier to learn. which is useful for a. Help make it easier for tutors in learning activities teaching by utilizing media technology in the form of Android-based educational games. Help students learn Chinese HSK material with a happy feeling and don't feel bored, because the content in the educational game "Mandarin Quiz" is displayed in an attractive way with audio, animation, and games on an Android smartphone. Helping children's enthusiasm for learning to know Mandarin.
System development for users will be developed using the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) methodology. Each step or stage of this method is suitable for system development in multimedia applications and these stages can swap positions according to research needs. It is hoped that the results of testing and designing the Mandarin Quiz educational game application using Unity 2D can be further developed so that this application can help increase interest in learning.
The test results and feasibility of this educational game used the Usability Scale System (SUS) which consisted of 46 functions with 10 questions, the final test result was obtained with a score of 88, so that the mandarin quiz educational game was declared acceptable.
Hybird Autokey Cipher Algorithm Implementation Reverse Key and Standard Data Encryption for App-Based Text Messages
Authors: Lazuardi Risandio Ilham , Anwar Nuril
Published: April 2024

The development of the internet facilitates public communication in sharing information.  Along with the advancement of technology in the communication segment, there were various threats to it. Many applications had sophisticated security systems, but the actions in exploiting these security systems were also increasingly diverse. This study implemented a combination of classic and modern algorithms, namely autokey cipher reverse key and DES to protect data from these crimes. This research develops encryption and decryption applications using the agile method, the technique used because of the time spent on the built progress of applications with a cycle for the development process. With this cycle utilized, the method was suitable for developing applications in the short term and revising or improving applications in each cycle. The research resulted in security applications having the function of helping people secure data so that they could prevent and complicate digital criminal acts.
Validation of the Korean version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale
Authors: Ko Heesung
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to validate the Korean version of the Multicomponent Mental Health Literacy measure (MMHL) scale, originally comprising 26 items in English, for both adolescents and adults.Methods: Participants ranging from their teens to their 60s were engaged. The study utilized both exploratory factor analysis (n=242) and confirmatory factor analysis (n=252) to assess its psychometric properties.Results: The Korean adaptation comprised 16 items, delineating into three factors: beliefs about mental health (eight items), perception of mental health resources (four items), and knowledge of mental health (four items), accounting for 55.8% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a model fit (x2 =170.45, Comparative Fit Index=.94, Tucker Lewis Index=.93, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=.05). Criterion-related validity was confirmed through significant correlations between the Korean Mental Health Literacy Scale (r=.40, p<.001) and attitudes toward seeking professional help (r=.44, p<.001). The reliability coefficient, assessed using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20, yielded .83.Conclusion: Overall, this study validates the Korean version of Mental Health Literacy Scale for both adolescents and adults, affirming its utility in assessing mental health understanding.
Childhood Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Attina Giorgio , Mastrangelo Stefano , Maurizi Palma , Romano Alberto , Ruggiero Antonio
Published: April 2024

Obesity is a health condition caused by the accumulation of excess body weight in the form of adipose tissue. This condition has negative effects on a person's overall health. Obesity has a multifactorial etiology involving environmental, genetic, hormonal, and epigenetic factors. The percentage of obese people in childhood is constantly increasing. It is therefore important to implement preventive strategies. This is because Obesity is a systemic condition with major consequences on the endocrine-metabolic, psychosocial, musculoskeletal, respiratory, neurological, gastrointestinal, and especially vascular spheres. Obesity is, in fact, an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Appropriate educational therapy aimed at the child/adolescent and their family is essential. Modifying behaviors that contribute to increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure is essential in promoting healthy lifestyles for individuals and their families.
Chromatographic Profile of Polyphenols in the Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Herb: Evaluation of Optimal Extraction Efficiency
Authors: Shanaida Mariia , Palamar Olesia , Holembiovska Olena
Published: April 2024

During its triple extraction, the HPLC analysis revealed polyphenols' contents in the A. foeniculum herb. Several hydroxycinnamic acids (rosmarinic, chlorogenic, ferulic and caffeic) and flavonoids (apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, hyperoside, quercitrin, rutin and quercetin) were identified in the A. foeniculum herb. It was established that rosmarinic acid followed by apigenin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin were the predominant compounds of the A. foeniculum raw material. The content of rosmarinic acid as the major compound during the primary, secondary and tertiary extraction decreased in the following order: 37.563>15.435>0.642 (mg/g); the content of apigenin-7-O-glucoside was 24.508>9.107>0.945 (mg/g) and apigenin was 19.547>9.676>1.816 (mg/g), respectively. Generally, the third extraction was determined to be inefficient in terms terms of low content of polyphenols as well as excessive analysis time and solvent costs.
Uropathogenic Infection Associated with Prostate Hypertrophy and Transurethral Resection of Prostate
Authors: Al-Malkey Maysaa K. , Habash Noor K. , Salman Mustafa A.
Published: April 2024

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition among elderly and middle-aged men characterized by symptoms such as dysuria, urinary incontinence, and frequent micturition. The gold standard procedure for relieving BPH symptoms is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). However, some patients undergoing TURP are at risk of developing urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to uropathogenic bacteria. This prospective study aimed to investigate post TURP bacteruria alongside with multifactoria risk factors that implicated postoperatively compared to preoperative and intraoperative periods. Ninety patients undergoing TURP and 30 control subjects were included in the study. Urine specimen for urine analysis from pateints were conducted on three occasions: (60 mid-stream urine and 30 catheterized urine samples) were taken preoperatively, (90 samples via cystoscopy) were taken intraoperastively, and (90 mid-stream urine samples after catheter removal) were taken at the third day post-TURP procedure. The study findings were analyzed in correlation with various pre-, intra-, and postoperative potential risk factors to underscores the vulnerability of BPH patients to UTIs, particularly during the postoperative recovery phase. The Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated uropathogen preoperatively, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa emerged as the primary pathogen intra- and post-operatively. Several risk factors were identified as significantly associated with post-TURP bacteriuria. These include preoperatively, positive pre-operative culture analysis, diabetic patients, and preoperative catheterization. Additionally, intraoperative factors such as prolonged operation duration were also implicated. Postoperatively, persistent bacteriuria was significantly linked with the duration of catheterization. In conclusion, the findings highlight the complex interplay of factors contributing to post-TURP UTIs and stresses the significance of thorough risk evaluation and customized preventative measures to reduce infection risks among BPH patients undergoing TURP.
Association Between Cord Blood Placental Growth Factor Level, Fetal Doppler Parameters and Neonatal Growth Measures
Authors: Abdelhamid Enas R. , Kamhawy Alyaa H. , Sherif Lobna S. , Ahmed Hanaa H. , Saleh Maysa T. , Salem Sondos , A. Gad Manal
Published: April 2024

Background: Placental growth factor (PlGF) contributes to fetoplacental circulatory system development, whichever revealed to have an effect on the fetal size and growth. Objectives: To explore the inference between umbilical cord blood [fetal] PlGF, fetal doppler parameters, gestational age and neonatal growth parameters particularly birth weight, birth length, head circumference and mid arm circumference. Research protocol: This cross-sectional investigation was implemented on 50 pregnant women in their third trimester, aged 18-35years and their full term newborns. Full history taking, gestational age, general and obstetric examination and ultrasound investigation, fetal biometrics and doppler ultrasound were carried out. Umbilical cord blood PlGF was quantified using ELISA. All the enrolled neonates were submitted to full clinical examination by pediatrician and their anthropometric parameters were measured before breast feeding started. Results: Umbilical artery pulsatility index (UAPI) revealed significant negative correlation with neonatal weight and PlGF level. Meanwhile, gestational age (GA) showed significant positive correlation with the neonatal anthropometric parameters including mid arm circumference (MAC), head circumference, weight, length, weight Z score, length Z score, head Z score weight to length (W/L) and weight to length Z score (W/L Z Score). Also, significant positive correlation between PlGF and gestational age as well as the neonatal anthropometric measurements was registered except head Z Score. Multiple linear regression analysis for PlGF with UA PI and neonatal weight indicated that UAPI and neonatal weight were significant predictors for fetal PlGF. Conclusions: The current data illuminate the effect of fetal placental growth factor on neonatal adverse growth pattern. Additionally, fetal placental growth factor with fetal doppler parameters could be a promising predictive biomarkers to intervene neonates at risk for adverse childhood outcomes.
Profound Morphometric Analysis of Acetabulum in South Indian Population (Acetabular dimensions)
Authors: RajilaRajendran Hannah Sugirthabai , abitha R , Logithkumar S , Gnanasundaram Vaithianathan
Published: April 2024

Aim- Acetabular dimensions plays a challenging role in various arthroplasties and reconstructions. Morphometric study of acetabulum of dry hip bones is a necessity to make proper prosthesis and to ensure good quality of life. Materials & methods - In this 71 dry human hip bones of 35 right and 36 left collected in department of anatomy of Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, to analyze & measure the diameter, acetabular notch, acetabular circumference, depth and volume of acetabulum. Results – The transverse diameter on right- 49.33 ± 7.36 mm, left 48.57±6.79 mm, depth-right23.28±3.27 mm, left 22.50 ±3.18 mm, vertical diameter- right 48.05±4.40 mm, left 47.66±4.95 mm, acetabular notch- right 22.00±3.28 mm, left 20.56±2.61 mm, outer rim circumference -right 11.90±0.99 cm, left 12.43±0.87 cm, inner rim circumference- right 7.66±0.84 cm, left 8.06±0.72 cm, acetabular circumference- right 15.26±1.38 cm, left 14.60±1.35 cm, capacity- right 27.22±5.43 ml, left-27.22±5.77 ml. Conclusion - All the parameters were statistically analysed and the results suggest that the acetabular dimensions are mostly smaller in South Indian population and hip prosthesis should be made patient specific to increase the success rate of arthroplasties.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Effects and Estimation of Trace Minerals in Unripe Fruits of Capparis Zeylanica (Aadhandangai) – An Invitro Study.
Authors: M R Suchitra , S Parthasarathy
Published: April 2024

Capparis zeylanica (Aadhandangai) is a 2- to 5-meter-tall shrub endemic to India and other Asian nations. The leaves are anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-helminthic. Several studies have been carried out to illustrate the medicinal and therapeutic properties of leaf extract. A careful examination of the literature identified no studies on unripe fruits, which are customarily eaten on the festival of Aadi Amavasya (new moon day of July-August). Capparis zeylanica, used for the study was recognised by a team of botanical experts and a marketing expert with an expertise of more than four decades. Unripe fruits were assessed for mineral content and antioxidant DPPH test. The phytochemical analyses were carried out using the procedures outlined. The Roche/Hitachi Cobas 6000 analyser series was used to measure trace elements and minerals such as phosphorus. The fruit showed the presence of antioxidants. The phytochemical studies also revealed proteins, amino acids, and saponins. The fruit was high in calcium and phosphorus (> 48.0 mg/100 gm), but low in zinc and magnesium. It also had vitamin D and B12. The presence of trace minerals and vitamins with anti-oxidant action makes it a food; however, an excess of calcium with phosphorous may cause injury to a weak kidney, therefore an annual and infrequent consumption may have been advised. So far, there is no literature on the plant's immature fruit. This study is the first to demonstrate the utility of the customary practice of annual intake.
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside Attenuates High Fat, High Fructose Diet-induced Fatty Liver and Fibrosis in Mice.
Authors: U Ajay Krishnan , Venkataraman Anuradha Carani
Published: April 2024

The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is the primary site for lipid metabolism. Impaired lipid metabolism causes an accumulation of lipids in the liver, a discernible indication of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The condition is characterized by pathological alterations in the liver like steatosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. 5′ Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) maintains energy balance by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of AMPK is observed in NAFLD. The present work investigates the effect of an AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), on lipid levels, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, a nuclear receptor and cytoskeletal proteins α – smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and bilirubin levels in C57BL/6 mice fed high fat, high fructose diet (HFFD). The animals were divided into four groups (n=6, each group), and the feeding duration was ten weeks. The standard pellet was provided to groups 1 and 4 animals while HFFD was fed to animals of two groups (Groups 2 and 3) to induce fatty liver. AICAR injection (150 mg/kg bw/day, i.p.) was given to groups 3 and 4 animals on the 9th and 10th weeks. An equal volume of saline was injected into groups 1 and 2 animals. HFFD-fed mice showed increased levels of cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFAs) and CK18 with decreased bilirubin levels in plasma along with downregulated PPAR- α mRNA level and upregulated expression of α-SMA mRNA in the liver. Mice given HFFD and AICAR had significantly reduced cholesterol and FFA levels, increased bilirubin levels and reduced CK18 protein in plasma. The hepatic mRNA expression of PPAR-α was upregulated, while AICAR downregulated α-SMA expression. These findings suggest that AICAR regulates lipid metabolism, fibrogenesis and overall liver integrity. Thus, AICAR serves as a potential therapeutic measure for diet-induced fatty liver and the accompanying changes in the liver.
The Role of Interleukin-6 and Procalcitonin in Kidney Patients have Bacterial and Viral Infection
Authors: Gaber Anwar Aiad , Muraih Jawad Kadhum
Published: April 2024

Background: IL-6 is one of the most studied cytokines in kidney disease. It is making inflammation worse by activating B cells that affect the production of hepatic acute phase proteins. It is also involved in metabolic, regenerative, and neurological processes Procalcitonin (PCT) is a typical biomarker for bacterial infections. since it increases in response to bacterial infections but not to other inflammatory reactions such as viral infections. Aim: study the role of IL-6 and PCT on renal failure that is affected by bacterial and viral infection. Methods: Between January and April 2023, 120 patients were confirmed to have chronic renal failure with or without diabetes mellitus who were affected or not via bacterial or viral infections based on previous medical reports and were divided into six groups; each of them included 20 patients. IL-6 and PCT levels were assayed and compared among groups. Different groups had very significantly different levels of IL-6 (90.40±25.77 for patients in G1, 42.33±17.32 for patients in G2, 84.95±19.80 for patients in G3, and 36.68±15.10 for patients in G4). The levels were 2.44±0.79 for patients in G5 and 2.26±0.59 for the control group, respectively (p<0.0001). The levels of PCT were also significantly different between groups (4.77±1.86 for patients in G1; 0.31±0.09 for patients in G2; 4.41±1.43 for patients in G3; 0.28±0.09 for patients in G4). The levels were 0.04±0.01 for patients in G5 and 0.03±0.01 for the control group, respectively (p<0.0001). Results: The findings demonstrated significant in levels of interleukin-6, urea, and creatinine in all patients except diabetic patients and significant increase in the level of procalcitonin in patients who have a bacterial infection, not a viral infection. Conclusion: The level of IL-6 increases in renal failure in both bacterial and viral infection states, but the Procalcitonin level increases in bacterial infection only.
Investigation of Chemical Compounds and Effect of Astragalus Galactites (Pall.) on MSU Crystal-Induced Acute Gouty Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Amar Sugarjav Enkh- , Buyantogtokh Dejidmaa , Altangerel Anu , Baatartsogt Uuganbayar , Jambal Irekhbayar , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa
Published: April 2024

The objective of the present investigation is to identify the biologically active components of Astragalus galactites (AG) and examine their effect on rats of acute gouty arthritis induced by crystals of the compound monosodium urate (MSU). Analyses of AG chemical constituents and their antioxidant activity were performed using both UV spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Twenty-five adult Wistar rat males in total were assigned at random to a choice of five groups: AG 160 mg/kg, AG 330 mg/kg, MSU group, control group, and normal group. We reported the contents of Formononetin 1.97 µg/mL, Astragaloside IV 0.56 mg/mL, and total flavonoid 0.22±0.07% in the aerial part of our sample AG. In the DPPH scavenging assay, methanol and ethanol extracts established antioxidant properties with an IC50 concentration of 91.04 µg/mL and 93.13 µg/mL, respectively. In the ABTS scavenging assay, IC50 concentrations of 387.2 µg/mL (methanol extract) and 436.2 µg/mL (ethanol extract) were also shown. This investigation also looked at the histopathological characteristics related to MSU-induced gouty arthritis in order to assess the preventive effects of the AG plant on inflammatory mediator levels. In the AG 330 mg/kg group, the level of PGE2 significantly reduced (p<0.001). Our results showed that the AG 330 mg/kg group was relatively effective in the treatment of gouty arthritis compared to other groups, which appears to be mediated by inhibiting the release of cytokines that pro-inflammation. The main compounds of the AG medicine plant, flavonoids and saponins, are acutely anti-gout due to the resulting decrease in PGE2 levels. We have hypothesized that it is able to treat acute gouty arthritis by reducing levels of UA and PGE2, providing an anti-inflammatory effect. This study contributes to the body of evidence that AG can be utilized in preventing and treating hyperuricemia.
Recent Advances in Multiple myeloma
Authors: Paikray Elisha , Rout Anima , Tripathy Ratikant
Published: April 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) represents a malignant proliferation of plasma cells originating from a single clone. The tumour causes bone pain, fracture, anaemia, and other infections. Patients present with MM are symptomatic and need cytotoxic chemotherapy. Previously, melphalan and glucocorticoid were accepted as first-line treatments. Recently, immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors have become the treatment of choice. There are several new drugs approved for multiple myeloma: monoclonal antibodies, nuclear export inhibitors, B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed antibody, CAR T-cell therapy, histone-deacetylase inhibitor, and stem cell mobilizer. Drugs like cobemetinib are being evaluated for potential role in the treatment of MM. Pharmacogenomics and precision medicine also play a crucial role in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection after hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Straub Jennifer , Staats Kevin , Vertesich Klemens , Kowalscheck Lars , Windhager Reinhard , Böhler Christoph
Published: April 2024

Aims

Histology is widely used for diagnosis of persistent infection during reimplantation in two-stage revision hip and knee arthroplasty, although data on its utility remain scarce. Therefore, this study aims to assess the predictive value of permanent sections at reimplantation in relation to reinfection risk, and to compare results of permanent and frozen sections.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from 226 patients (90 hips, 136 knees) with periprosthetic joint infection who underwent two-stage revision between August 2011 and September 2021, with a minimum follow-up of one year. Histology was assessed via the SLIM classification. First, we analyzed whether patients with positive permanent sections at reimplantation had higher reinfection rates than patients with negative histology. Further, we compared permanent and frozen section results, and assessed the influence of anatomical regions (knee versus hip), low- versus high-grade infections, as well as first revision versus multiple prior revisions on the histological result at reimplantation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), chi-squared tests, and Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated.

Results

Overall, the reinfection rate was 18%. A total of 14 out of 82 patients (17%) with positive permanent sections at reimplantation experienced reinfection, compared to 26 of 144 patients (18%) with negative results (p = 0.996). Neither permanent sections nor fresh frozen sections were significantly associated with reinfection, with a sensitivity of 0.35, specificity of 0.63, PPV of 0.17, NPV of 0.81, and accuracy of 58%. Histology was not significantly associated with reinfection or survival time for any of the analyzed sub-groups. Permanent and frozen section results were in agreement for 91% of cases.

Conclusion

Permanent and fresh frozen sections at reimplantation in two-stage revision do not serve as a reliable predictor for reinfection.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(4):372–379.
Bone support of a custom triflange acetabular component over time
Authors: Özdemir Erim , de Lange Bram , Buckens Constantinus F. M. , Rijnen Wim H. C. , Visser Jetze
Published: April 2024

Aims

To investigate the extent of bone development around the scaffold of custom triflange acetabular components (CTACs) over time.

Methods

We performed a single-centre historical prospective cohort study, including all patients with revision THA using the aMace CTAC between January 2017 and March 2021. A total of 18 patients (18 CTACs) were included. Models of the hemipelvis and the scaffold component of the CTACs were created by segmentation of CT scans. The CT scans were performed immediately postoperatively and at least one year after surgery. The amount of bone in contact with the scaffold was analyzed at both times, and the difference was calculated.

Results

The mean time between the implantation and the second CT scan was two years (1 to 5). The mean age of the patients during CTAC implantation was 75 years (60 to 92). The mean scaffold-bone contact area increased from 16% (SD 12.6) to 28% (SD 11.9). The mean scaffold-bone distance decreased from a mean of 6.5 mm (SD 2.0) to 5.5 mm (SD 1.6). None of the CTACs were revised or radiologically loose.

Conclusion

There was a statistically significant increase of scaffold-bone contact area over time, but the total contact area of the scaffold in relation to the acetabular bone remained relatively low. As all implants remained well fixed, the question remains to what extend the scaffold contributes to the observed stability, in relation to the screws. A future design implication might be an elimination of the bulky scaffold component. This design modification would reduce production costs and may optimize the primary fit of the implant.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(4):359–364.
Patient-reported outcome measures in hip fracture patients
Authors: Kjærvik Cato , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Stensland Eva , Dybvik Eva H. , Soereide Odd
Published: April 2024

Aims

The aims of this study were to assess quality of life after hip fractures, to characterize respondents to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and to describe the recovery trajectory of hip fracture patients.

Methods

Data on 35,206 hip fractures (2014 to 2018; 67.2% female) in the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register were linked to data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistics Norway. PROMs data were collected using the EuroQol five-dimension three-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) scoring instrument and living patients were invited to respond at four, 12, and 36 months post fracture. Multiple imputation procedures were performed as a model to substitute missing PROM data. Differences in response rates between categories of covariates were analyzed using chi-squared test statistics. The association between patient and socioeconomic characteristics and the reported EQ-5D-3L scores was analyzed using linear regression.

Results

The median age was 83 years (interquartile range 76 to 90), and 3,561 (10%) lived in a healthcare facility. Observed mean pre-fracture EQ-5D-3L index score was 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.803 to 0.810), which decreased to 0.66 at four months, to 0.70 at 12 months, and to 0.73 at 36 months. In the imputed datasets, the reduction from pre-fracture was similar (0.15 points) but an improvement up to 36 months was modest (0.01 to 0.03 points). Patients with higher age, male sex, severe comorbidity, cognitive impairment, lower income, lower education, and those in residential care facilities had a lower proportion of respondents, and systematically reported a lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The response pattern of patients influenced scores significantly, and the highest scores are found in patients reporting scores at all observation times.

Conclusion

Hip fracture leads to a persistent reduction in measured HRQoL, up to 36 months. The patients’ health and socioeconomic status were associated with the proportion of patients returning PROM data for analysis, and affected the results reported. Observed EQ-5D-3L scores are affected by attrition and selection bias mechanisms and motivate the use of statistical modelling for adjustment.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(4):394–400.
A proof of conjectured partition identities of Nandi
Authors: Takigiku Motoki , Tsuchioka Shunsuke
Published: March 2024

abstract: We generalize the theory of linked partition ideals due to Andrews using finite automata in formal language theory and apply it to prove three Rogers--Ramanujan type identities for modulus 14 that were posed by Nandi through a vertex operator theoretic construction of the level 4 standard modules of the affine Lie algebra $A^{(2)}_{2}$.
Enhanced photoelectron emission in a large area aluminum nanohole array via a deep-UV surface plasmon
Authors: Morisawa Hirofumi , Ono Atsushi , Ikegami Koki , Inami Wataru , Kawata Yoshimasa
Published: April 2024

We measured the photoelectron emission efficiency of aluminum (Al) nanohole arrays fabricated by colloidal lithography and demonstrated the enhancement of photoelectron emission in the deep-UV region via surface plasmon resonances. The Al nanohole arrays for increasing absorption in the deep-UV region were designed using the finite-difference time-domain method and used as photocathodes to enhance the photoelectron emission efficiency. The enhancement factor improved by up to 3.5 times for the optimized nanohole array. Using a two-dimensional mapping system, we demonstrated that the photoelectron emission depended on the uniformity of the sample and diameter of the nanohole arrays. Al nanohole arrays fabricated by colloidal lithography can be used to develop highly sensitive surface-detecting optical sensors and highly efficient surface-emitting electron sources. The two-dimensional mapping system can facilitate the development of highly efficient photocathodes.
Public health and clinical implications of Dobbs v. Jackson for patients and healthcare providers: A scoping review
Authors: Zhu David T. , Zhao Lucy , Alzoubi Tala , Shenin Novera , Baskaran Teerkasha , Tikhonov Julia , Wang Catherine
Published: March 2024

Introduction

On June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson reversed the precedent set forth by Roe v. Wade, empowering individual states to regulate abortion care. This aftermath of this ruling has given rise to widespread bans, limiting the accessibility of abortion services for patients and impeding providers’ ability to deliver a comprehensive spectrum of reproductive health services. Of particular concern is the disproportionate impact on medically underserved groups, further heightening existing social and structural disparities in reproductive health.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review to broadly evaluate the clinical and public health impact of Dobbs on patients’ access to abortion care and related reproductive health services, in addition to the training and clinical practice of healthcare providers. We searched eight bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Science Direct, JSTOR, and Web of Science) and three preprint servers (medRxiv, bioRxiv, and Europe PMC) using various combinations of keywords related to ‘abortion’, ‘Dobbs’, and ‘Roe’ on March 22, 2023. Four reviewers independently screened the studies based on pre-specified eligibility criteria and one reviewer performed data extraction for pre-identified themes. The search was conducted based on PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRSIMA-ScR) guidelines.

Results

Eighteen studies, comprising 12 peer-reviewed articles and 6 study abstracts, met the inclusion criteria. The studies demonstrated that Dobbs increased demand for contraception, magnified existing travel- and cost-related barriers to access, further polarized views on abortion and complex family planning on social media (e.g., Twitter), and evoked substantial concerns among medical trainees regarding their scope of practice and potential legal repercussions for providing abortion care.

Conclusion

In the wake of Dobbs v. Jackson, further public health and clinical interventions are urgently needed to bridge disparities in abortion care and reproductive health, mitigating the deleterious consequences of this emerging public health crisis.
A systematic review of the associations between sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Khan Aiza , Ezeugwa Joy , Ezeugwu Victor E.
Published: March 2024

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD), known for motor symptoms, often presents early non-motor issues that significantly affect patients’ quality of life. While effective treatments are limited, physical activity and exercise offer potential benefits. However, an overlooked aspect of the movement intensity continuum is prolonged sitting or sedentary behavior, and physical inactivity. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review investigating the associations between sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, and non-motor symptoms, specifically cognitive impairment, depression, and poor sleep in PD.

Methods

Conforming to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of the literature was conducted via electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed and PsycINFO up to February 28, 2023. Studies were included if they investigated associations between sedentary behavior or physical inactivity and at least one non-motor symptom such as depression, poor sleep, and/or cognitive impairment, in adults aged 18 years or older with PD. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cross-sectional and cohort studies.

Results

Of the 463 publications found, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 980 unique participants). Sample sizes ranged from 17 to 487 participants, and all studies were observational, conducted in home or community settings. Collectively, these studies show that higher amounts of both objectively-measured and self-reported sedentary time are associated with worse scores on standardized measures of cognition and the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ) summary index and its subscales, such as cognition (memory and concentration). Additionally, longitudinal cohort studies suggest that physical inactivity and higher sedentary behavior are associated with depression and cognitive impairment in PD. Less sleep was associated with higher sedentary behavior.

Conclusion

Associations observed between physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and non-motor symptoms in PD underscore the need to address these factors for enhanced well-being. Further well-designed studies are essential to assess the impact of reducing sedentary behavior and physical inactivity on non-motor symptoms in PD.

Prospero registration number: PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023405422) on April 11, 2023.
PMFFNet: A hybrid network based on feature pyramid for ovarian tumor segmentation
Authors: Li Lang , He Liang , Guo Wenjia , Ma Jing , Sun Gang , Ma Hongbing
Published: April 2024

Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal malignancy in the field of oncology. Generally speaking, the segmentation of ovarian medical images is a necessary prerequisite for the diagnosis and treatment planning. Therefore, accurately segmenting ovarian tumors is of utmost importance. In this work, we propose a hybrid network called PMFFNet to improve the segmentation accuracy of ovarian tumors. The PMFFNet utilizes an encoder-decoder architecture. Specifically, the encoder incorporates the ViTAEv2 model to extract inter-layer multi-scale features from the feature pyramid. To address the limitation of fixed window size that hinders sufficient interaction of information, we introduce Varied-Size Window Attention (VSA) to the ViTAEv2 model to capture rich contextual information. Additionally, recognizing the significance of multi-scale features, we introduce the Multi-scale Feature Fusion Block (MFB) module. The MFB module enhances the network’s capacity to learn intricate features by capturing both local and multi-scale information, thereby enabling more precise segmentation of ovarian tumors. Finally, in conjunction with our designed decoder, our model achieves outstanding performance on the MMOTU dataset. The results are highly promising, with the model achieving scores of 97.24%, 91.15%, and 87.25% in mACC, mIoU, and mDice metrics, respectively. When compared to several Unet-based and advanced models, our approach demonstrates the best segmentation performance.
Evaluative study of a MOOC on knowledge translation in five French-speaking countries
Authors: Villemin Romane , Dagenais Christian , Ridde Valéry
Published: April 2024

Over the past few years, the RENARD research team has observed a sharp increase in the need for knowledge translation (KT) training. Given the high demand, it has been nearly impossible for the team to provide training entirely in person, and so a massive open online course (MOOC) was developed. Its aim is to promote the use and appropriation of the KT process by practitioners, decision-makers, and others in the public sphere. The goal of this study was to evaluate the MOOC by collecting users’ opinions, reactions, appropriation, and practice changes. A qualitative research design was used. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews (n = 16) with professionals from Canada, France, and three West African countries (Burkina Faso, Mali, and Senegal) who had taken the MOOC. All interviews were subjected to thematic content analysis. The MOOC content was generally appreciated and reused by the respondents. The results revealed one main motive for completing the course: the immediate opportunity to apply their learning in their practice environments. However, most respondents deplored the lack of interaction among learners and expressed the need for coaching with an instructor to deepen the topics covered during the course. The results also revealed connection and accessibility issues linked to the Internet network and unstable access to electricity in West African countries. The study highlights the potential of MOOCs for the acquisition of knowledge and competencies by KT professionals. Several recommendations and avenues of exploration were formulated to optimize and improve future designs of MOOCs on KT.
Research on risk management incentive strategy based on the green financial ecosystem
Authors: Cui ZhongPing , Lu Shuang , Liu JinRong
Published: April 2024

Taking the green financial ecosystem composed of innovators, green financial institutions and regulators as the object of research, it explores the issue of how to improve the level of efforts of the three types of subjects and the benefits of risk management in the green financial ecosystem. The optimal level of effort, optimal level of return, and optimal level of return on risk management of green financial ecosystems for innovators, green financial institutions, and regulators under the three modes of No-incentive Contract, Cost-sharing Contract, and Synergistic Cooperation Contract are investigated and analyzed respectively, and verified by numerical simulation analysis. The results show: (1) Compared to the No-incentive Contract, the Cost-sharing Contract and the Synergy Cooperation Contract generate more significant incentives, and returns increase over time in both models. (2) The effort level of the participating subjects under the Synergistic Cooperation Contract is the highest, which can realize the Pareto optimization of the participating subjects and the green financial ecosystem at the same time. The study’s findings contribute to a deeper understanding of cooperation among innovators, green financial institutions and regulators in facilitating risk management in green financial ecosystems and provide a realistic reference for risk managers in green financial ecosystems.
Optimal power–heat–carbon scheduling strategy for interconnected heterogeneous multi-microgrid considering hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Authors: Li Dahu , Shao Zirui , Huang Wentao , Zhang Bohan , He Jun , Liu Xinyu
Published: April 2024

The scale of multi-microgrid (MMG) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) is increasing dramatically with the increase in the new energy penetration ratio, and developing an integrated energy system containing a multi-microgrid for hydrogen fuel vehicles brings great challenges to power grid operation. Focusing on the difficulties of the access of multiple microgrids for the low-carbon and economic operation of the system, this paper proposes an optimal interconnected heterogeneous multi-microgrid power–heat–carbon scheduling strategy for hydrogen-fueled vehicles. Firstly, an HFCV model is established, and then an optimal scheduling model is constructed for the cooperative trading of power–heat–carbon in a multi-microgrid, on the basis of which the low-carbon economic operation of the multi-microgrid is realized. The results of the case study show that the scheduling strategy in this paper reduces carbon emissions by about 7.12% and costs by about 3.41% compared with the independent operation of the multi-microgrid. The degrees of interaction of each multi-microgrid are also analyzed under different HFCV penetration rates.
Assessing fall risk and equilibrium function in patients with age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma: An observational study
Authors: Tokunaga Takahiro , Takegawa Rinako , Ueta Yoshiki , Manabe Yasuhiro , Fushiki Hiroaki
Published: April 2024

Background

Falls in older adults are a significant public health concern, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma have been identified as potential visual risk factors. This study was designed to assess equilibrium function, fall risk, and fall-related self-efficacy (an individual’s belief in their capacity to act in ways necessary to reach specific goals) in patients with AMD and glaucoma.

Methods

This observational study was performed at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of Shinseikai Toyama Hospital. The cohort comprised 60 participants (AMD; n = 30; median age, 76.0 years; and glaucoma; n = 30; median age, 64.5 years). Visual acuity and visual fields were assessed using the decimal best-corrected visual acuity and Humphrey visual field tests, respectively. The evaluation metrics included pathological eye movement analysis, bedside head impulse test, single-leg upright test, eye-tracking test, optokinetic nystagmus, and posturography. Furthermore, we administered questionnaires for fall risk determinants including the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale-International, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Spearman’s correlation analysis was employed to examine the interrelations among the equilibrium function, fall risk, and other pertinent variables.

Results

Most participants exhibited standard outcomes in equilibrium function evaluations. Visual acuity and field deficits had a minimal impact on subjective dizziness manifestations, degree of disability, and fall-related self-efficacy. Both groups predominantly showed high self-efficacy. No significant correlation was observed between visual acuity or field deficits and body equilibrium function or fall risk. However, greater peripheral visual field impairment was associated with a tendency for sensory reweighting from visual to somatosensory.

Conclusion

Self-efficacy was higher and fall risk was relatively lower among patients with mild-to-moderate visual impairment, with a tendency for sensory reweighting from visual to somatosensory in those with greater peripheral visual field impairment. Further studies are required to validate these findings.