bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitat Fragmentation Affects Richness – A View Through a Metacommunity Lens
Authors: Marchesan Jessica , Kolasa Jurek
Published: October 2024

Habitat fragmentation is often assumed to negatively impact species diversity because smaller, more isolated populations on smaller habitat patches are at a higher extinction risk. However, some empirical and theoretical studies suggest that landscapes with numerous small habitat patches may support higher species richness, although the circumstances remain elusive. We used an agent-based metacommunity model to investigate this and simulate landscapes of the same total area but diverse patch sizes. Our model, as generic and unbiased by specific assumptions as possible, aimed to explore which circumstances may be more conducive to supporting higher biodiversity. To this end, most parameters and behaviors were random. The model included generalized species traits, dispersal, and interactions to explore species richness dynamics in fragmented landscapes of distinct patch sizes. Our results show that landscapes with many small patches maintain higher species richness than those with fewer large patches. Also, the relationship between patch connectivity and species richness is more pronounced in landscapes with smaller patches. High connectivity in these landscapes may support species diversity by preventing local extinctions and facilitating recolonization. In contrast, connectivity is less significant in large-patch landscapes, where generalist species dominate. The findings highlight the complex interplay between patch size quality, connectivity, species traits, and diverse interactions among species in determining species richness. We suggest the patterns produced by the model represent null predictions and may be useful as a reference for a diversity of more specialized questions and predictions. These insights may also have specific implications for conservation strategies, suggesting that maintaining a mosaic of small, well-connected patches could enhance biodiversity in fragmented landscapes.
"The Interplay between Microbiome and Cancer Metabolism: A New Perspective on the Warburg Effect"
Authors: Xu Kai , Motiwala Zainab , Corona-Avila Irene , Makhanasa Dhruvi , Alkhalifeh Leen , Khan Md. Wasim
Published: October 2024

This review explores the intricate relationship between the microbiome and cancer metabolism, focusing on the Warburg effect—a shift where cancer cells rely on glycolysis for energy even in oxygen-rich environments. This metabolic reprogramming fuels tumor growth and alters the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies highlight the microbiome's influence on cancer metabolism, suggesting that microbial imbalances can either promote or hinder the Warburg effect. Microbiome alterations impact metabolic pathways, immune responses, and gene expression, which can accelerate or mitigate cancer progression. We examine how dysbiosis affects the Warburg effect and its implications for tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Additionally, we discuss the potential of microbiome-targeted therapies, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplants, to modulate cancer metabolism. These interventions offer the possibility of reversing or controlling the metabolic shifts in cancer cells, enhancing the efficacy of traditional treatments like chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite promising developments, challenges remain in identifying key microbial species and pathways, as well as in validating microbiome-targeted therapies through large-scale clinical trials. Nonetheless, the intersection of microbiome research and cancer metabolism presents an exciting frontier for innovative therapies. This review offers a fresh perspective on cancer metabolism by integrating microbiome insights, highlighting the potential for interdisciplinary research to enhance our understanding of cancer progression and treatment strategies.
Development and Control of Biofilms in Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Ray Hindol , Weis Chana , Nwaeze Chioma , Zhou Vincent , Basu Paramita , Mitra Arindam
Published: October 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a multifactorial pathophysiologic condition that occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Approximately 9.1 to 26.1 million people are affected by DFUs annually. This condition can lead to progressive foot infections and, ultimately, foot amputation. Various microbes contribute to DFUs, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli can form biofilms composed of complex matrices that create a protective shield around the microorganisms, enhancing their survival and resistance to treatment. Biofilm formation is a critical virulence factor directly associated with the onset and persistence of DFUs. It not only complicates the clinical management of these ulcers but also facilitates antibiotic resistance, necessitating a comprehensive approach to treatment. Effective management strategies must therefore target biofilm formation and the virulence factors associated with these pathogens. By addressing these elements, conventional antibiotics can be rendered more effective in treating diabetic foot ulcers. This approach aims not only to promote wound healing but also to address underlying causes and prevent further complications. This article seeks to highlight the significance of biofilm formation in DFUs, explore methodologies for studying this condition, as well as discuss demographic considerations and treatment options.
Cumulative and Yield-Scaled Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under Different Organic and Inorganic Soil Fertilization in Central Kenya
Authors: Mungoche Josephat Murunga , Koech Oscar Kipchirchir , Nyangito Moses Moywaywa
Published: October 2024

Demand for livestock products in East Africa is anticipated to triple by 2050. Therefore, sustainable intensification of livestock production systems for increased productivity is necessary in line with minimal negative environmental consequences. An agronomic field experiment was set up at the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi, Kenya, and the effects of organic and inorganic soil amendments on greenhouse gas emissions (particularly N2O) from a Humic Nitisol planted with Brachiaria brizantha cv. xaraes were evaluated between October 2018 and August 2019. The treatments comprised mineral NPK fertilizer, Lablab intercrop, FYM, FYM-BC, Bioslurry, and control. Fertilizer treatments were applied at a rate of 45 kg N ha-1 following each harvest. GHG emissions were measured using the static vented chamber technique. Treatment and season significantly influenced daily N2O emissions. The lowest (4.51±3.30 µg N m-2 h-1) and highest (27.16±3.61 µg N m-2 h-1) mean N2O emissions were recorded under NPK and Control treatments during the short rains and dry seasons, respectively. Cumulative N2O emissions and the corresponding yield-scaled emissions were similar across all the treatments but varied significantly (p < 0.001) between the wet and dry seasons. Cumulative N2O emissions were 0.31±1.49, 0.33±1.47, 0.33±1.74, and 0.37±1.74, 0.38±2.3 and 0.42±1.81 Kg N ha-1 under FYM-BC, Lablab, NPK fertilizer, and FYM, Bioslurry and control treatments respectively. The corresponding yield-scaled emissions were also higher during the wet (0.23±1.16 g N kg-1 DM) than in the dry seasons (0.16±0.50 g N kg-1 DM). Higher (-21.86±4.47 mg CH4-Ch-1) CH4 uptake was recorded under the control treatment whereas the lowest (-2.69±17.97 mg CH4-Ch-1) uptake was recorded under Bioslurry (P < 0.01). Treatment and season exhibited individual effects on daily CO2 emissions (P < 0.001), with a significant interaction effect (P < 0.001). The highest (157.5±28.76 mg CO2-C m-2h-1) and lowest (44.33±8.37 mg CO2-C m-2h-1) CO2 emissions were recorded under Control and FYM treatments during the October 2018-January 2019 and January-March 2019 HD. Since the experiment was newly established via ploughing a field which had been used as a permanent pasture during previous years, did not expect considerable yield differences between treatments. Yet, it is interesting to see first effects of fertilizer amendments, pointing to their potential as climate-smart forage intensification strategies. The study established that Manure + biochar is a better strategy for forage soil amendments in mitigating soil N2O emissions.
Autotrophic Denitrification Characteristics of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Driven by Sodium Sulfite
Authors: ZHANG CHENGCAI , Chen Yong , Wen Xiaoli , Zhao Ge ran
Published: October 2024

Sulfated denitrification process has attracted more and more attention because it does not depend. on the addition of organic matter. Nowadays, the tailwater from urban wastewater treatment plant has high nitrogen concentration. In this case, we propose a sodium thiosulphate siderite autotrophic denitrifying (STSAD) biofilter for the removal of nitrogen from the tailwater of the urban wastewater treatment plant. Under the optimal conditions, the NO3--N removal rate was 100%, TN removal rate was above 95%. Many microorganisms were enriched on the surface of the ceramsite and siderite filler in the reactor, and the main denitrification microorganisms in the filter were Thiobacillus and Ferritrophicum. The process has certain technical and economic feasibility for denitrification in the tailwater of urban wastewater treatment plant, the cost is only 0.042 CNY/t(water), and the effluent TN and COD meet the requirements of water quality standards, so it is a suitable method.
The Role of Social Media in the Amplification of Disinformation and Hate Speech against Afghan Refugees in Iran: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Khonsari Shahriar
Published: October 2024

In Iran, fake news has been refined to weapon due to the popularity of new media and the growing social media-based assault on Afghan refugees. The recent geopolitical tensions and migrations, of course, have brought with them an increased number of false information reports and with them the rapid spread of negative stereotypes and the fueling of anti-Afghan sentiment.
The article examines disinformation dispersion and its exacerbation in the digital space. It discusses in specifics ways in which misleading and hate speech against Afghan refugees pass through Iranian social media, in a thorough study of the psychological factors behind these narratives, that favors or fights such disinformation.
The study screens the virtual screening areas that distribution of toxicity and disinformation by and engagement with social media. The disinformation technologies as well as the socio-political and historical contexts they derive from. Based on a detailed overview of the cyber-world, this study exposes the myriad challenges of suppressing false narratives and hate speech, focusing particularly on Afghan refugees in Iran. Besides, it points out to methods for both disallowing it to be distributed and curing the disease itself, basically, by redesigning digital agendas to present only the truth.
The paper is aimed at unveiling the subversive forms of disinformation, armory with the data concerning digital tools and platforms, as well as input by external societies into the tapestry of the web that will construct a more inclusive digital discourse through critical engagement. Setting apart the genuine and not so wrong investigative procedures show great progress in society through these demanded efforts. Besides, the study impinges on more general issues such as media ethics and fact-checking, in what may be called the development of reliable information systems. This paper impinges on disinformation and humanizing toxic information, a vital aspect that currently has been managed only to a limited extend through the top-down disapproving or regulatory method and it creates strong ecosystem.
Exploration of Candidate Korean Native Poaceae Plants for Breeding New Varieties as Garden Materials in the New Climate Regime
Authors: Kim Sang Heon , Cho Wonwoo
Published: October 2024

There are increasing needs for models of public garden with low-maintenance, and environmental stress to plant due to climate change is growing. Therefore, the demand for developing new plant varieties based on native plants as garden materials against climate change has increased fairly. Many plants in the family Poaceae are applied for various purposes such as food crops, fodder grasses, ornamental plants, or medical plants. Also, native plants have some economic and ecological benefits, and the utilization of native plants is positive in a garden. However, there are some difficulties in Poaceae breeding researches and utilization of wild native plants for breeding. To overcome these problems, model plants can be utilized in breeding researches of Poaceae plant species. In this study, to explore the possibility of utilizing Korean native Poaceae plants as model plants and for breeding new cultivars, the candidate species were selected from the Korean Plant Names Index (KPNI). A total of 3 Korean native plants in the family Poaceae including Brachypodium sylvaticum, Setaria viridis, and Zoysia japonica were selected, and their properties and their genome information were compared with the representative model plants, Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon. The modern research status of B. sylvaticum, S. viridis and Z. japonica has been summarized, and the genome size, life cycle, and other characteristics of these model plants have been compared and discussed. Application of these newly selected candidate plants in breeding research would build a foundation for breeding of native Poaceae plants in Korea against the new climate regime.
Bioactive Properties of Microencapsulated Anthocyanins from Vaccinium floribundum and Rubus glaucus
Authors: Barba-Ostria Carlos , Gonzalez-Pastor Rebeca , Castillo-Solís Fabian , Carrera-Pacheco Saskya E. , López Orestes , Zúñiga-Miranda Johana , Debut Alexis , Guamán Linda P.
Published: October 2024

Anthocyanins, known for their antioxidant properties and potential health benefits, are prone to degradation due to environmental factors such as light, temperature, and pH. Microencapsulation, a technique involving the entrapment of anthocyanins in a protective matrix, is used to enhance their stability and bioavailability. This study investigates the bioactive properties of microencapsulated anthocyanins derived from Vaccinium floribundum (Andean blueberry) and Rubus glaucus (Andean blackberry). The extracts from V. floribundum and R. glaucus were microencapsulated using maltodextrin as the carrier agent through a spray-drying process. The microcapsules were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to assess their chemical and morphological properties. The biological activities of these microencapsulated anthocyanins were evaluated for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti inflammatory effects. The results demonstrated enhanced bioactivity of the microencapsulated anthocyanins, highlighting their potential use in developing functional foods and pharmaceuticals. This study provides insights into the effectiveness of microencapsulation in preserving anthocyanins' functional properties and enhancing their health-promoting effects.
The Atrioventricular Conduction Axis in Man and Mouse
Authors: Quintana Damián Sánchez , Macías Yolanda , Nevado Jorge , Spicer Diane E. , Anderson Robert H.
Published: October 2024

Those using the mouse for the purposes of electrophysiological research presume that the morphology of the conduction axis is comparable with the human arrangement. As yet, however, to the best of our knowledge, no direct comparison has been made between the species. By comparing our extensive histological findings in the human heart with comparable serially-sectioned datasets prepared from adult murine hearts, we aimed to provide this information. When comparing the gross anatomy, we used three-dimensional datasets of neonatal mice hearts prepared using episcopic microscopy. The overall cardiac architecture is comparable, although the mouse has a persistent left superior caval vein draining via the coronary sinus. An inferior pyramidal space, and an infero-septal recess, are both present in the murine heart, although not as well developed as in the human heart. The overall arrangement of the conduction axis is similarly comparable, albeit with subtle differences reflecting the incomplete wedging of the subaortic outflow tract in the murine heart. Most significantly, the findings in both species reveal the presence of extensive superior septal pathways, which perhaps explain the finding of base-to-apex activation of the ventricular mass known to occur in the murine heart.
Development of Nanostructured Chitosan Coating with Coffee Peels Extract for Preservation of Tomato Quality and Control Pre and Postharvest Disease Caused by Rhizopus stolonifer
Authors: Barrera Necha Laura Leticia , Mendoza Juárez Andrea , Pérez García Mariana , Hernández López Monica , Correa Pacheco Zormy Nacary , Bautista-Baños Silvia
Published: October 2024

The antifungal efficacy of coffee residues extracts (CRE) and chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) alone and with coffee residue extracts (CNP-CRE) were assessed on growth of Rhizopus stolonifer. Two nanostructured edible coatings, one based on chitosan nanoparticles (CCNP) another on coffee residue extracts encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CCNP-CRE), were elaborated, characterised and applied on inoculated Naples tomatoes to evaluate their fungicidal activity and the effect on fruit quality. The tests consisted of evaluating physicochemical variables in tomato previously sprayed with CCNP and CCNP-CRE for 30 days preharvest and 14 days at 10°C postharvest. A CNP with a spherical shape and particle size of 2.4 ± 0.24 nm with a Z potential of −1.62 mV was observed, while CNP-CRE showed irregular and spherical shapes of 3.9 ± 0.55 nm with a Z potential of −0.89 mV. The FTIR spectrum showed the integration of CRE into the CCNP-CRE. A synergistic effect between CNP and 1 % CRE was observed since the greatest inhibition of mycelial growth (43%) was obtained. In the preharvest trials, the CCNP and CCNP-CRE showed differences with respect to the control in the variables of colour, total carotenoids and ethylene. In the postharvest test, both coatings showed differences in colour and CO2 production. The severity of the infection decreased 33% in tomatoes with coatings.
Analisis Faktor Risiko Anemia Defisiensi Besi pada Remaja Putri
Authors: Hidayati Yusmalia , Sulastri Delmi , Defrin Defrin
Published: October 2024

Pendahuluan: Anemia defisiensi besi diperkirakan memengaruhi lebih dari 30% penduduk dunia. Persentase remaja putri yang mengalami anemia defisiensi besi di Indonesia berdasarkan data Riskesdas Tahun 2018 yaitu 32%. Data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padang menunjukkan bahwa Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas merupakan wilayah dengan risiko anemia defisiensi besi tertinggi yaitu 27,96%. Laporan Puskesmas Andalas Tahun 2021 menunjukkan SMP Negeri 31 Padang merupakan SMP dengan persentase risiko anemia defisiensi besi remaja putri tertinggi (31%). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor risiko anemia defisiensi besi pada remaja putri di SMP Negeri 31 Padang.
Metode: Metode penelitian merupakan penelitian kombinasi (Mixed Method). Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain case-control. Jumlah sampel penelitian 79 (33 kasus dan 46 kontrol). Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Analisis bivariat menggunakan chi square dan multivariat dengan Regresi Logistik Berganda. Penegakan diagnosa anemia defisiensi besi dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan Hemoglobin dan cadangan besi darah menggunakan ELISA Test (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Penelitian kualitatif menggunakan urutan pembuktian (Sequential Explanatory). Data diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD), in-depth interview dan telaah dokumen. Analisis data kualitatif menggunakan teknik Thematic Analysis.
Hasil Rata-rata hemoglobin kelompok kasus adalah 10,23±0,963 dan kelompok kontrol 13,20±0,687. Rata-rata kadar feritin serum kelompok kasus 11,91±6,932, sedangkan kelompok kontrol 72,22±55,108. Faktor risiko signifikan yang berhubungan dengan ADB adalah asupan protein (p=0,001) dan asupan zat besi (p=0,006). Asupan protein menjadi faktor paling dominan. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara pengetahuan (p=1,000), sikap (p=1,000), asupan vitamin C (p=0,498), dan pola menstruasi (p=0,203) dengan ADB. Data kualitatif menunjukkan tingginya konsumsi junk food dan kebiasaan melewatkan sarapan sebagai penyebab utama.
Kesimpulan : Kurangnya asupan protein merupakan faktor risiko yang paling dominan terhadap kejadian ADB pada remaja putri di SMP Negeri 31 Padang. Intervensi berupa edukasi gizi dan peningkatan kesadaran tentang pentingnya sarapan dan asupan protein yang cukup diperlukan untuk menurunkan prevalensi ADB di kalangan remaja putri.
The Influence of APIP Capabilities in Optimizing Financial Audit Efficiency: Optimal Accountability
Authors: Bua Muh Ikhsan , Fikry Karim  , Megawati
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of the capabilities of the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) in optimizing the efficiency of financial audits and reducing audit findings to achieve optimal accountability. The study was conducted by collecting annual report documents from the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP), the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK), and the Ministry of Home Affairs (Kemendagri). A quantitative approach was used in this study, with data analysis involving 3,252 observations from various government agencies in Indonesia. The data collected included APIP capabilities, financial audit efficiency, and the number of audit findings. The mediating variable used in this study is the follow-up on audit recommendations. The results show that APIP capabilities have a significant impact on the efficiency of financial audits. Increasing APIP capabilities has been proven to significantly enhance audit follow-ups and reduce the number of audit findings. Additionally, the variables of organizational age and geographic factors also significantly affect audit efficiency and the number of audit findings, indicating that these factors are important in achieving better financial accountability. Conversely, the size of the agency negatively affects audit follow-ups and positively affects the number of audit findings. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing APIP competencies and capabilities as a primary strategy in improving the efficiency and accountability of financial audits in the public sector. This study provides significant contributions to the development of internal supervisory policies and the improvement of financial audit quality in Indonesia, as well as encouraging efforts to enhance public sector accountability.
Keyword: apip capabilities; financial audit efficiency; audit findings; accountability
Analisis Lokasi Pos Damkar Berdasarkan Peta Kerawanan Kebakaran Menggunakan SIG Di Jakarta Timur
Authors: Adhi Rangga Evalianto  , Mataburu Ilham B , Jalaludin Muzani
Published: October 2024

This research aims to analyze the range of fire post locations on the fire vulnerability map in East Jakarta. The methodology of this research is quantitative research with data analysis techniques using GIS analysis, namely network analysis to create fire post affordability, and overlay analysis to create fire vulnerability maps. Based on result there are still areas that have not been reached, especially in Duren Sawit, Cakung, Makasar, Cipayung and Ciracas Districts. When viewed in terms of fire disaster vulnerability, East Jakarta City has a medium-high level of vulnerability, while areas with a low level of vulnerability are very few with an area of only 15 hectares. Areas with a medium level of vulnerability dominate with a total area of 12,362 hectares, while areas with a high level of vulnerability cover an area of 6,124 hectares. If an overlay analysis is carried out on the distance between fire posts and the fire vulnerability of residential areas in East Jakarta, it can be seen that there are still areas with a high-medium fire vulnerability class that are not yet reached by fire posts covering an area of 6,018.08 hectares. In fact, 46% of all areas with a high level of fire vulnerability have not been reached by fire stations. These areas are found in Duren Sawit, Ciracas and Cipayung sub-districts. It is recommended that fire posts be built in unreached areas to ensure disaster management is more efficient.
This research aims to analyze the range of fire post locations on the fire vulnerability map in East Jakarta. The methodology of this research is quantitative research with data analysis techniques using GIS analysis, namely network analysis to create fire post affordability, and overlay analysis to create fire vulnerability maps. Based on result there are still areas that have not been reached, especially in Duren Sawit, Cakung, Makasar, Cipayung and Ciracas Districts. When viewed in terms of fire disaster vulnerability, East Jakarta City has a medium-high level of vulnerability, while areas with a low level of vulnerability are very few with an area of only 15 hectares. Areas with a medium level of vulnerability dominate with a total area of 12,362 hectares, while areas with a high level of vulnerability cover an area of 6,124 hectares. If an overlay analysis is carried out on the distance between fire posts and the fire vulnerability of residential areas in East Jakarta, it can be seen that there are still areas with a high-medium fire vulnerability class that are not yet reached by fire posts covering an area of 6,018.08 hectares. In fact, 46% of all areas with a high level of fire vulnerability have not been reached by fire stations. These areas are found in Duren Sawit, Ciracas and Cipayung sub-districts. It is recommended that fire posts be built in unreached areas to ensure disaster management is more efficient.
Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Mitigasi Bencana Banjir Di Nagari Durian Tinggi Kecamatan Lubuk Sikaping Kabupaten Pasaman
Authors: Alwiyah Nur Auliya  , Erna Juita  , Rozana Eka Putri
Published: October 2024

Disasters are events that threaten and disrupt people's lives and livelihoods caused by various factors resulting in casualties, environmental damage, property losses, etc. This study aims to determine 1) the level of participation, 2) information and communication in flood disaster mitigation efforts, 3) decisions and planning in flood disaster mitigation efforts. This type of research is Quantitative Descriptive using proportional random sampling data collection techniques using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Then the data analysis technique uses percentage and Likert scale. The results of the study are: 1) The level of community participation in flood disaster mitigation efforts in Nagari Durian Tinggi, Lubuk Sikaping District, Pasaman Regency is good with a percentage of 69.36%. 2) community participation in information and communication of flood disaster mitigation efforts in Nagari Durian Tinggi, Lubuk Sikaping District, Pasaman Regency is good with a percentage of 70.27%. 3) Community participation in the decision-making and planning process in flood disaster mitigation efforts in Nagari Durian Tinggi, Lubuk Sikaping District, Pasaman Regency is good with a percentage of 70.02%.
Predicting the Risk of Cesarean Hysterectomy in the Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders: A New Model Based on Clinical Findings and Ultrasonography
Authors: taskum ibrahim , Çetin Furkan , SUCU Seyhun , bademkıran muhammed hanifi , Karuserci Özge Kömürcü , Bademkıran Cihan , Özcan Hüseyin Çağlayan
Published: October 2024

Purpose
To develop a nomogram that can predict the probability of cesarean hysterectomy in patients for operation due to placenta accreta spectrum disorders(PASD).
Methods
Data from 520 patients who underwent surgery with a preliminary diagnosis of PASD at a tertiary center in eastern Turkey between 2013 and 2023 were recorded, and 302 were included in the study. A prediction model was developed using Penalized Maximum Likelihood Estimation (PMLE) regression analysis with clinical evaluation and ultrasonography findings as variables.
Results
The multivariate PMLE regression model included demographic data such as advanced age (aOR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08–1.44, p = 0.001), prior uterine surgeries (aOR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.57–8.29, p = 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of cesarean hysterectomy. Regarding ultrasonographic findings, the multiple lacunaes (aOR: 48.53, 95% CI: 18.42–257.40, p < 0.001) and irregularity in the interface between the bladder and uterine serosa or signs of hypervascularization with Doppler Flow (aOR: 7.90, 95% CI: 2.66–35.12, p < 0.001) significantly increased the probability of hysterectomy. A retro-placental myometrial thickness of < 1mm showed borderline significance (aOR: 2.49, 95% CI: 0.89–8.27, p = 0.08). An anterior placental location (aOR: 9.60, 95% CI: 2.96–50.76, p < 0.001) increased the probability of hysterectomy, whereas advanced gestational age showed a negative correlation (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.56–1.02, p = 0.07). The model's performance, evaluated using Harrell’s C-Index, was 0.974, and the Kappa Value was 0.819.
Conclusion
A nomogram predicting the probability of cesarean hysterectomy in the management of PASD patients has been developed, incorporating advanced age, gestational age, number of uterine surgeries, ultrasound findings, and placental location.
Clinical profile and outcome of kidney transplantation at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Shoo Jacqueline , Mngumi Jonathan , Msilanga Daniel , Valentine Gudila , Kidunda Pilly , Nyello Mahamoud , Buma Deus , Furia Francis
Published: October 2024

Background: Kidney transplantation is the definitive treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering improved quality of life and extended survival. Access to kidney transplantation is limited in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region, with only a few countries with established services. Tanzania started its program five years ago, for the sustainability of the program it is important to understand the outcome. Therefore, this study was conducted to document the outcome of transplantation at MNH in Tanzania.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted among patients who were transplanted at MNH between November 2017 and February 2022. Analyses were performed to assess baseline characteristics, post-transplant complications, and patient and graft survival.
Results: In our study of 68 kidney transplant recipients, the majority of recipients were male (63.2%) with a mean age of 45.8 years and under medical insurance (88.2%). The predominant cause of CKD was hypertension (58.2%) with recipients undergoing dialysis for a mean duration of 14.4 months, and basiliximab being the most commonly used induction medication (57.3%). The majority of donors were males (64.7%) and had first-degree relationships with recipients (76.5%). Haploid HLA mismatch was observed in 36.8% of cases. One-year patient and graft survival rates were 91.2% and 96.7%, respectively, with infection being the primary cause of death (n=5), and more than half of deceased patients died with a functioning graft (n=4).
Conclusion: Our study underscores favorable one-year patient and graft outcomes among kidney transplant recipients at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. However, challenges persist, notably with infections posing ongoing difficulties for this cohort
Transcriptomic changes during the replicative senescence of human articular chondrocytes
Authors: Atasoy-Zeybek Aysegul , Hawse Gresin P , Nagelli Christopher V , De Padilla Consuelo Lopez , Abdel Matthew P , Evans Christopher H
Published: October 2024

Objective
Aging is a major risk factor for OA, but the specific mechanisms underlying this connection remain unclear. Although chondrocytes rarely divide in adult articular cartilage, they undergo replicative senescence in vitro which provides an opportunity to study changes related to aging under controlled laboratory conditions.
Methods
Cartilage was recovered from two knees with OA and one normal knee. Chondrocyte cultures were established and sub-cultured until their Hayflick limit. Bulk RNA sequencing on early- and late-passage human articular chondrocytes allowed identification of transcriptomic changes associated with cellular aging.
Results
One male (80 years old) and one female (72 years old) patient provided OA cartilage. The donor of normal chondrocytes was a 26-year old male. Early passage chondrocytes from the two OA samples already had the phenotype of senescing cells, unlike normal chondrocytes. Nevertheless, all three chondrocyte cultures underwent 30 population doublings before replicative exhaustion, by which point all cells displayed a senescent phenotype. During this process, the cells lost their ability to form cartilaginous pellets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis confirmed distinct transcriptomic profiles between early- and late-passage chondrocytes, as well as between cells isolated from normal and OA cartilage. Various changes in expression of genes related to cartilage matrix synthesis, degradation, inflammation and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were noted.
Conclusions
Although only a small pilot study, its data suggest that a larger and deeper study of the molecular and metabolic events accompanying the senescence of chondrocytes could provide important insights into the pathobiology of OA.
Mortality following recovery from COVID-19 hospitalization: a long-term cohort study
Authors: Ahmad Wiessam Abu , Wolff-Sagy Yael , Battat Erez , Arbel Ronen , Lavie Gil
Published: October 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected public health worldwide. Although research shows that COVID-19's health effects can persist for up to two years, the long-term impact on mortality in patients who survived the acute phase remains unclear. We investigated the association between COVID-19 hospitalization and all-cause mortality up to 3.5 years in these patients.
Methods
The study included Clalit Health Services members aged 40 years or older. The case group comprised members hospitalized due to COVID-19 between March 2020 and December 2021. Controls who did not contract COVID-19 during this period were matched at a 1:1 ratio based on birth year, sex, and Charlson comorbidity score. Follow-up began 30 days after discharge from the last COVID-19 hospitalization and ended on 30 September 2023, or upon all-cause mortality, whichever occurred first. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable frailty Cox regression models. Stratification was performed by age groups 40–64 years and 65 years or older.
Results
The incidence of all-cause mortality was higher compared to controls (4.91 vs. 2.63 per 1,000 participants, respectively), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.69 (95% CI, 1.57–1.83). Among patients aged 40–64, the HR for mortality was higher than in those aged 65+, at 2.31 (1.79–2.98) compared to 1.63 (1.50–1.76), respectively.
Conclusions
The study demonstrates that patients who have survived COVID-19 hospitalization have an elevated risk of all-cause mortality up to 3.5 years. In light of these findings, it is crucial to consider initiating follow-up for individuals hospitalized due to COVID-19, particularly those in the 40–64 age group, to address their ongoing health needs adequately.
Direct real-time intra-operative imaging of human brain tumor vessels using intravital microscopy
Authors: Garcia Diogo Moniz , Gabriel Emmanuel , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo
Published: October 2024

Our results show that HIVM can be used to study the anatomy and blood flow dynamics of the microvasculature of both non-infiltrated and infiltrated brain tissues intra-operatively in real-time, in patients with diverse pathologies ranging from non-cancerous and cancerous primary brain tumors to intracranial metastatic malignancies. Our experience shows that HIVM can detect areas of BBB integrity in glioblastomas, with clear flow through functioning vessels without noticeable leakage into the parenchyma, as well as areas of clear BBB disruption and leakage, in a direct demonstration of what was previously reported from MRI and PET studies. Further, in line with our prior reports in other cancer types, we demonstrate that a significant proportion of tumor vessels are non-functioning particularly in the most aggressive type of gliomas, glioblastomas. Interestingly, our series showed only functional vessels in the oligodendroglioma case, highlighting its different biological background and the need for further studies into its unique development. Collectively, this study is important for the brain tumor field as it demonstrates the feasibility of using HIVM in the operating room during brain tumor surgeries to assess real-time BBB integrity and vessel anatomical and dynamic assessment, which will enable future studies aimed at demonstrating the efficacy and feasibility of BBB opening with enabling technologies.
Evaluation and Necessity of Imaging Modalities in Pediatric Thoracic Trauma: Balancing Clinical Benefits and Radiation Risks
Authors: Kar Recep , Çalışkan Doğuş , Öztorun Can ihsan , Ertürk Ahmet , Erten Elif Emel , Bostancı Süleyman Arif , Çayhan Vildan Selin , Şenel Emrah , A Müjdem Nur
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Thoracic trauma in pediatric patients presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and impact of CXR and CT scans on the management of pediatric thoracic trauma.
Methods:This study analyzed data on 819 thoracic trauma patients from 11,532 pediatric trauma patients admitted to a single trauma center. Patient demographics, trauma mechanisms, imaging results, and interventions were assessed. Cohort and and non-intervention group compared on positive findings.Statistical analyses were performed to assess the significance of imaging findings and their impact on management decisions.
Results:The study included predominantly male patients (70.5%) with a mean age of 10.59 years. Blunt trauma accounted for 85.2% of cases. CXR was performed in 79% of cases, with 68% normal results. Conversely, CT scans detected a higher percentage of pathological findings, notably pulmonary contusions (54%) and pneumothoraces (45%). However, the increased diagnostic yield of CT did not significantly alter patient management or necessitate intervention..
Conclusion:Our findings highlight the overuse of imaging modalities in pediatric thoracic trauma with limited impact on management decisions. While CT scans offered greater sensitivity for detecting minor injuries, their routine use did not substantially influence clinical outcomes or therapy decisions.
Coulomb dissociation of 16O into 4He and 12C
Authors:   , Bott Lukas Thomas
Published: October 2024

Within the FAIR Phase-0 programm at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung the Coulomb dissociation of 16O into 12C and 4He was measured. A 16O primary beam with an energy of 500 AMeV was impinging on lead, carbon, and tin targets at the R3B Cave C, and the fragments were detected. The beam intensity was set to several 10^9 ions per second, which made radical changes to the standard R3B setup necessary. All detectors were produced with holes or variable gaps, in order to let unreacted beam particles pass. New detectors were built to cope with the expected high number of particles that need to be detected. All detectors are based on the detection of scintillating light. In the Coulomb field of the target atoms the 16O ions can experience an excitation, which may lead to a breakup reaction into lighter fragments. A calorimeter around the target helps with the identification of unwanted contributions to the cross-section from excited states. The fragments pass the first set of fiber detectors and are deflected in a dipole field. The reconstruction of the particle tracks is performed with Runge-Kutta algorithms. Ultimately, this enables the determination of the excitation energy in the center-of-mass of the excited 16O nucleus. The resulting spectrum describes the cross-section of the reaction. By comparing the experimental data with simulated events new insights into the fusion reaction, as it takes place during the helium-burning phase in stars, is possible. The analysis of the experiment is still ongoing. However, the first results show, that this experiment can provide data in an energy range never measured before. This will help to understand the cross-section and the astrophysical S-factor of this reaction.
Biochemical composition of biological substances extracted from red deer antlers
Authors: Grishaeva I. N. , Krotova M. G.
Published: October 2024

We aim to study biologically active agents in biological substances obtained from different parts of red deer antlers. Frozen red deer antlers were separated into skin and antler base, crushed, and subjected to ultrasonic enzymatic hydrolysis. The press cake from the extraction of antler base was dried in a vacuum unit. The content of protein, fat, ash, and moisture in the obtained biological substances was studied. In addition, the amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral compositions were analyzed, as well as the molecular weight distribution of peptide fractions. The concentrates from the skin and base of red deer antlers were found to contain the maximum of proteins (73.68–74.41%). The mineral biological substances comprise the maximum of macroand microelements (84.17%), in particular, a high level of 136,000 mg /kg of phosphorus, 29,230 mg /kg of sodium, and 5,140 mg /kg of calcium. All biological substances are characterized by a low-fat content in the range from 0.3 to 1.76%. Similar to the protein content, the total amount of amino acids prevails in concentrates from the skin and base of red deer antlers, equaling 40.90 and 43.66 g /100 g, respectively. Moreover, in both samples, the amount of essential amino acids is higher than that of non-essential ones. The amount of vitamins is low, being represented by B1, B2, B6 water-soluble vitamins. The fatty acid composition is most balanced in the concentrate from the red deer antler base, containing omega-3 and omega-6. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids is equal to 0.96. In the concentrate from antler skin, the maximum content (54.7%) of peptides with a low molecular weight of less than 2.9 kDa and up to 6.4 kDa was found using the molecular-weight distribution of peptide fractions.
Synthesis of grafted copolymers of cod collagen and acrylamides in the presence of alkylborane – p-quinone system
Authors: Kuznetsova Yu. L. , Gushchina K. S. , Lobanova K. S. , Rumyantseva V. O. , Egorikhina M. N. , Farafontova E. A. , Rubtsova Yu. P. , Semenycheva L. L.
Published: October 2024

The graft polymerization of acrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide onto collagen in the presence of triethylborohexamethylenediamine complex and a number of p-quinones, including benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, 2,5-di-tretbutyl-p-benzoquinone, and duroquinone, was studied. In all cases, p-quinones act as polymerization retarders, reducing monomer conversion. An exception is the graft polymerization of acrylamide onto collagen in the presence of benzoquinone, which acts as a polymerization inhibitor. The proportion of the synthetic fragment in the obtained copolymers is determined by the structure of the monomer and p-quinone. The molecular weight distribution curves contain modes related to unreacted collagen, which differ significantly from those of the initial collagen in terms of intensity. This is related to the formation of a grafted copolymer of cross-linked structure, which cannot be analyzed by gel permeation chromatography. The degradation of copolymers under the action of enzymes was controlled by gel permeation chromatography. Enzymatic hydrolysis of copolymers proceeds slower than that of collagen, which confirms the formation of a copolymer. Following three hours after the onset of hydrolysis, the molecular weight distribution curves contain low-molecular weight modes of collagen and low-intensity modes related to polyacrylamide. The morphology of copolymers differs from that of collagen and polyacrylamides. Cytotoxicity evaluation of copolymers is an important research stage, determining their prospects as the basis of materials for regenerative medicine. An analysis of extracts obtained from the copolymers using culture medium by MTT assay showed a high rank of their toxicity, which can be reduced by dilution of collagen and N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer extracts with aqueous solutions. For the copolymers of collagen and acrylamide, the toxicity is maintained due to the high toxicity of the monomer. Their toxicity can be reduced by extraction of unreacted acrylamide with chloroform.
LUDICIDADE COMO FERRAMENTA DA DIDÁTICA: CONSTRUIR E PROMOVER O ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM.
Authors: Franca Silva Gustavo Thayllon
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo foi proposto o estudo do lúdico, os conceitos de brincar, o papel do brinquedo no desenvolvimento da criança, e as práticas da ludicidade no processo pedagógico, ainda apresentar como a ludicidade trabalha em conjunto com a didática objetivando um resultado de melhoramento no processo educacional, os métodos de pesquisa utilizados foram o de levantamento bibliográfico em diversas fontes da literatura como por exemplo livros de autores especialistas no assunto, periódicos científicos, revistas, jornais e demais fontes de acesso a informação, resultando assim em uma complexa e robusta pesquisa onde serão apresentados discursões acerca da importância da didática e da ludicidade na concepção do brincar para o melhoramento dos desdobramentos da educação da criança e ainda mostrar que o brinquedo e a brincadeira tem papel de fundamental importância neste contexto.
A PERCEPÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES DO CURSO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO A RESPEITO DO PROCESSO DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM - O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA
Authors: Mendes Andréia Almeida , Ventura Rita de Cássia Martins de Oliveira , De Souza Reginaldo Adriano , Miranda Natália Tomich Paiva , Araujo Glaucio Luciano , Arakaki Fernanda Franklin Seixas
Published: October 2024

Este estudo analisa a percepção dos estudantes do curso de Administração com relação ao processo de implantação de metodologias ativas de aprendizagem, processo esse iniciado em 2012. Objetiva-se analisar a adaptação desses alunos à nova metodologia de ensino bem como as vantagens e as habilidades desenvolvidas por eles. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo survey, tendo como instrumento de coleta a utilização de questionários semiestruturados aplicados a 30 alunos dos períodos finais do curso; os dados foram tabulados através do programa Excel. Ao se analisar a aprovação dos alunos com relação à nova metodologia de ensino, registrou-se que 96,7% dos alunos aprovaram totalmente ou parcialmente essa utilização, sendo a “Raspadinha”, o Método do Caso e a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas os métodos preferidos pelos alunos. Evidenciou-se que 83,4% dos alunos acreditam que seriam os dois métodos de forma conjugada que melhor contribuiria para o melhor aprendizado; salienta-se que esses mesmos percentuais se confirmam quando os alunos foram questionados sobre sua preferência pelo método de ensino no decorrer das aulas. Ao se analisar as vantagens do método, bem como as atitudes e habilidades adquiridas pelos alunos a partir da implantação da metodologia ativa, percebeu-se que essa nova metodologia é promotora de aprendizagem significativa.