bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential Role of Skin Protein Kinase C Isoforms Alpha and Delta in Mouse Hair Growth Induced by Diphencyprone‐Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Li Lin‐feng , Fiedler Virginia C. , Kumar Raj
Published: April 2015

The levels of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms α and δ in mouse hair growth induced by diphencyprone (DPCP)‐allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) were studied. BALB/c mice were sensitized by 2% DPCP in acetone on one side of their shaved backs and rechal‐lenged with 0.1% DPCP on the same side weekly for 2 weeks. The opposite side treated with acetone served as a control. Before each elicitation, mice were shaved again in order to observe the hair growth that followed. Enhancement of hair growth on DPCP treated skin was observed in 94% of mice after first elicitation and significant hair growth was shown in all mice after second elicitation. No remarkable hair growth was seen on the control side. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that the level of skin PKC α on the DPCP treated side was decreased at 2 and 4 days after sensitization and returned to the control level after first elicitation. At 5 days after the second elicitation, a higher level of PKC α was detected. The level of PKC δ remained at the control level and increased at 5 days after second elicitation. These results suggest that: 1) In the first week after sensitization, PKC α was down‐regulated. This down‐regulation may play a role in DPCP‐ACD induced hair growth; 2) after the elicitation, PKC α was over‐expressed and this over‐expression was roughly correlated with the enhancement of mouse hair growth, suggesting that over‐expression of PKC δ may also play a part in the proliferation of hair follicle cells; and 3) over‐expression of PKC δ after second elicitation may have an inhibitory effect on hair growth that keeps hair growth in balance.
Treatment of Reticular Erythematous Mucinosis with a Large Dose of Ultraviolet B Radiation and Steroid Impregnated Tape
Authors: Yamazaki Sayuri , Katayama Ichiro , Kurumaji Yuko , Yokozeki Hiroo , Nishioka Kiyoshi
Published: April 2015

To date, there are no successful treatments for reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) other than antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine; these have many adverse side effects and are prohibited for use in Japan. We report a case of REM improved by a large dose of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and a steroid impregnated tape. The large dose of UVB radiation improved the erythema after 5 weeks. Application of steroid impregnated tape to a lesion where a large dose of UVB had been given produced an additive clinical effect. UVB radiation and steroid impregnated tape are considered to be effective treatments for REM.
A Case of Actinic Prurigo in Thailand
Authors: Akaraphanth Rutasanee , Gritiyarangsan Pimonpum
Published: April 2015

Actinic prurigo is a separate entity from the polymorphous light eruption that affects American Indians. It has been reported mainly from North and South America, with only few reported cases from Britain or Asia. We report a case of actinic prurigo in a Thai girl who showed cheilitis and pruritic papules on exposed areas for three years. We were able to induce populovesicular lesions by three consecutive irradiations with 100 J/cm2 UVA and 2 minimal erythematous dose of UVB. However, three weeks after irradiation, a prurigo papule developed at the UVB irradiated site.
Subcutaneous Cysticercosis Involving the Eyelid: Sonographic Diagnosis
Authors: Gupta Somesh , Jain Vijay Kumar , Sen Jyotsna , Gupta Sanjeev , Arora Brij
Published: April 2015

A 25‐year‐old man and a 14‐year‐old boy presented with neurocutaneous cysticercosis involving the eyelid. Both patients had hundreds of scattered subcutaneous cysticerci. They were arranged in clusters over the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck. Such clustering of cysticerci is highly suggestive of central nervous system (CNS) involvement, as both the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the CNS are supplied by the carotid artery and cysticerci travel via the hematogenous route. We used ultrasonography to diagnose subcutaneous cysticercosis, which showed characteristic low reflective cysts and high reflective scolices inside. Although subcutaneous cysticerci are inconsequential, their verification is important in the diagnosis of more severe CNS involvement. They may be confused with other painless swellings such as lymphadenopathies, neurofibromas, and epidermoid cysts.
Molecular Mechanism of Carcinogenesis by Human Papillomavirus‐16
Authors: Ishiji Takaoki
Published: April 2015

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are common DNA viruses in humans. Recently, epithelial cancers associated with HPV infection have been used as models of virus‐induced carcinogenesis. HPVs can be divided into two groups, mucosal and cutaneous. HPV‐16 is the most frequent mucosal type associated with cervical cancer. Although the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis by HPV‐16 have not been completely elucidated, it is apparent that HPV infection is the major risk factor in cervical carcinogenesis. Two viral early genes, E6 and E7, and an upstream regulatory region (URR) are preserved in cervical carcinoma cell lines as well as in clinical samples of cervical cancer, indicating that these regions are important in cancer development. E6 and E7 function as transforming genes. E6 protein binds to and promotes degradation of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, while E7 protein complexes and inactivates the Rb protein; together, they disrupt cell cycle regulation. E6 and E7 are transcribed from a promoter, P97. P97 is regulated by complex interactions between multiple, positive and negative, cellular factors and the viral E2 product. E2 disruption caused by the integration into the cellular genome may induce overexpression of E6 and E7. The E6 and E7 proteins are thought to act as critical factors in cervical carcinogenesis by inactivating the two tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and Rb, which are commonly mutated in other human cancers.
Perianal Cytomegalovirus Ulcer in an HIV Infected Patient: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Nico Marcello Menta Simonsen , Cymbalista Natalia Cymrot , Hurtado Yudy Clemencia Pinzon , Borges Luis Henrique Barbosa
Published: April 2015

We report the case of a 25‐year‐old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, presenting with perianal ulcer and diarrhea. He had positive immunocytochemical tests for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in circulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). The biopsy specimen was suggestive of CMV infection, and specific immunoperoxidase for CMV antigens positively stained endothelial cells and fibroblasts. In this report we review cutaneous CMV infection in immunocompromised patients.
Idiopathic Calcinosis of the Areola of the Nipple
Authors: Oh Chang‐Keun , Kwon Kyung‐Sool , Cho Si‐Hyung , Jang Ho‐Sun
Published: April 2015

Idiopathic calcinosis cutis involving the breast is a rare condition. Previously reported cases were detected by mammography without specific cutaneous findings. We report a case of idiopathic calcinosis of the areola of the nipple in a 32‐year‐old Korean woman that has unique clinical features resembling scrotal calcinosis.
Trichoepithelioma Papulosum Multiplex
Authors: Centurión Santiago A. , Schwartz Robert A. , Lambert W. Clark
Published: April 2015

Trichoepithelioma papulosum multiplex is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder in which multiple trichoepitheliomas are seen. Its cause may be a defective tumor suppressor gene. Studies have mapped this gene to the 9p21 locus. However, there is a parallel or identical syndrome of multiple trichoepitheliomas and cylindromas. Within a given family, some members may have cyclindromas whereas others may have trichoepitheliomas or a combination of both. Although preliminary evidence suggests a different gene is responsible, it is possible that TPM may be caused by more than two independent genes, with some cases of TPM due to impairment of the gene for cylindromatosis. This entity, as well as other disorders with multiple appendageal tumors, may require clarification and distinction from TPM.
Polymorphisms of HLA‐DR and ‐DQ Genes in Japanese Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Okazaki Aiko , Miyagawa Sachiko , Yamashina Yukio , Kitamura Wataru , Shirai Toshihiko
Published: April 2015

Bullous pemphigoid (BP), an autoimmune skin disease of the elderly, is mediated by autoantibodies that bind to hemidesmosomes of epidermal basal cells. This study investigated BP‐associated HLA‐DR and ‐DQ genes among Japanese patients. We analyzed HLA‐DR and ‐DQ genes among 23 Japanese BP patients based on the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. Eighteen of these 23 patients (78%) carried at least one allele of HLA‐DRB1*04 or DRB1*1101, with significant increases in HLA‐DRB1*04 (*0403, *0406)/DQA1*0301/DQB1*0302 and DRB1*1101/DQA1*0505/DQB1*0302 haplotypes as well as the individual alleles DRB1*1101 and DQB1*0302 (corrected p<0.05 for each comparison), when compared to control subjects. These data differ from the accepted DQB1*0301 (DQ7) association with the same disease among Caucasians. These findings indicate that different HLA class II haplotypes genetically influence susceptibility to BP among different ethnic groups. Our findings, together with previous reports on Caucasian patients with the pemphigoid group of bullous diseases, suggest that HLA‐DRB1 molecules might participate in the regulation of autoimmune responses to BP antigens.
A Case of Allergic Urticaria Caused by Erythritol
Authors: Hino Haruko , Kasai Shinomi , Hattori Naoko , Kenjo Kazutoshi
Published: April 2015

A case of allergic urticaria due to erythritol is herein reported. A 24‐year‐old female presented with severe wheals over her whole body. The urticaria occurred after she had drunk a glass of canned milk‐tea. When the cause of her skin reaction was examined, it was found that the drink contained erythritol; this was determined to have caused her urticaria. Erythritol has recently been used as an artificial sweetener in many kinds of foods and drinks because it contains no calories. Food and drink additives should thus be included in the differential diagnosis of allergic urticaria.
Enhancement of Adenovirus‐Mediated Gene Transfer into Dermal Fibroblasts In vitro and In vivo by Polyethylene Glycol 6000
Authors: Ohsawa Tokuya , Nakamura Takafumi , Mihara Motoyuki , Sato Kenzo
Published: April 2015

Gene therapy directed to the skin requires efficient transfer of the desired gene into cutaneous cells. In this study, we examined several chemical substances present in various ointments by enhancement of virus infectivity. The recombinant adenovirus vector, Ax‐CALacZ, was used to infect dermal fibroblasts with some chemicals both in vitro and in vivo, and the expression of the LacZ gene was determined by X‐Gal reaction. As the result, it was shown that PEG 6000 had the highest ability to enhance the exogenous gene expression in cultured fibroblasts with little toxicity. In vivo, it was also demonstrated that fibroblasts in mouse skin were efficiently gene transfer by adenovirus vector and 20% PEG 6000‐treatment. These results suggest that this chemical treatment appears to be a simple, safe, convenient, and effective method for facilitating virus‐mediated gene therapy in the skin.
Sporotrichoid Dermatosis Caused by Mycobacterium abscessus from a Public Bath
Authors: Lee Woong Jae , Kim Tae Won , Shur Ki Beom , Kim Bum Joon , Kook Yoon Hoh , Lee Jeung Hoon , Park Jang Kyu
Published: April 2015

Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are usually associated with immunocompromised states. More recently, however, NTM infections are being diagnosed with greater frequency in patients lacking traditional risk factors. However, cutaneous infection with rapidly growing mycobacteria is uncommon, and diagnosis may be difficult.

Herein we present a case of sporotrichoid dermatosis on both forearms caused by Mycobacterium abscessus in a 34‐year‐old female (case 1). Mycobacterium abscesus was identified by culture as a colorless colony with rapid growth and by comparative sequence analysis of the rpoB gene. The patient was suspected to have been infected in a public bath in which she worked, it was located in a famous hot spring area in Korea. The condition was first noticed after she had been working in the bath for two years and after another employee (case 2) suffered similar lesions which had responded to treatment. The patient's skin lesions were successfully treated with anti‐tuberculous drugs for six months.
Two Cases of Multiple Giant Pilomatricoma
Authors: Jang Ho‐Sun , Park Jung‐Hum , Kim Mun‐Bum , Kwon Kyung‐Sool , Oh Chang‐Keun
Published: April 2015

Pilomatricoma is a skin appendage tumor manifestating as a firm, solitary lesion of the face and upper extremity. It generally measures 0.5 to 3.0 cm in diameter and is typically found in young people. We report a 29‐year‐old male and a 13‐year‐old girl who developed three and two protruding masses, respectively. The size of each tumor was larger than 5 cm. The histologic appearance showed sharply demarcated tumor lobules composed of eosinophilic shadow cells and basaloid cells. We describe two unusual cases of multiple giant pilomatricomas and review the literature, emphasizing the number and size.
A Case of Adult T‐Cell Lymphoma Leukemia with Hemophagocytic Syndrome
Authors: Inoue Yuji , Johno Masayoshi , Matuoka Masao , Zushou Ye , Ono Tomomichi
Published: April 2015

A 62‐year‐old Japanese woman was admitted to our clinic with virus‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) in subcutaneous adult T‐cell lymphoma leukemia (ATLL). Bone marrow aspiration showed hypocellularity, histiocytic hyperplasia, and hemophagocytosis. There was serological evidence of chronic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) initially improved by some treatments, and the patient later experienced remission several times, but the CMV infection persisted. Most cases of non‐tumorous HPS in adults are associated with viral or bacterial infection, and underlying diseases in non‐tumorous HPS are mostly blood diseases, especially T‐cell lymphoma (1,2), but ATLL is a rare underlying disease in such cases.
Combination Effect of Photodynamic and Sonodynamic Therapy on Experimental Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma in C3H/HeN Mice
Authors: Jin Zhao‐hui , Miyoshi Norio , Ishiguro Kazumori , Umemura Shin‐ichiro , Kawabata Ken‐ichi , Yumita Nagahiko , Sakata Isao , Takaoka Keigo , Udagawa Takeshi , Nakajima Susumu , Tajiri Hisao , Ueda Keiichi , Fukuda Masaru , Kumakiri Masanobu
Published: April 2015

We studied a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) for improving tumoricidal effects in a transplantable mouse squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) model. Two sensitizers were utilized: the pheophorbide‐a derivative PH‐1126, which is a newly developed photosensitizer, and the gallium porphyrin analogue ATX‐70, a commonly used sonosensitizer. Mice were injected with either PH‐1126 or ATX‐70 i.p. at doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg.bw. At 24 (ATX‐70) or 36 hr (PH‐1126) (time of optimum drug concentration in the tumor) after injection, SCCs underwent laser light irradiation (88 J/cm2 of 575 nm for ATX‐70; 44 J/cm2 of 650 nm for PH‐1126) (PDT), ultrasound irradiation (0.51 W/cm2 at 1.0 MHz for 10 minutes) (SDT), or a combination of the two treatments. The combination of PDT and SDT using either PH‐1126 or ATX‐70 as a sensitizer resulted in significantly improved inhibition of tumor growth (92–98%) (additive effect) as compared to either single treatment (27–77%). The combination using PH‐1126 resulted in 25% of the treated mice being tumor free at 20 days after treatment. Moreover, the median survival period (from irradiation to death) of PDT + SDT‐treated mice (>120 days) was significantly greater than that in single treatment groups (77–95 days). Histological changes revealed that combination therapy could induce tumor necrosis 2–3 times as deep as in either of the single modalities. The combination of PDT and SDT could be very useful for treatment of non‐superficial or nodular tumors.
E‐cadherin Expression in Skin Tumors Using an AMeX Immunohistostaining Method
Authors: Koseki Shin , Ansai Shinichi , Aoki Takehiko , Hozumi Yutaka , Mitsuhashi Yoshihiko , Kondo Shigeo
Published: April 2015

The AMeX (acetone‐methylbenzoate‐xylene) method results in good preservation of tissue and morphological details, almost equivalent to that of routinely processed formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens, and of antigenicity equivalent to that of fresh frozen tissue specimens. It has been reported that the expression of the cell‐cell adhesion molecule E‐cadherin is often decreased in some types of carcinomas. A decrease in E‐cadherin expression is associated with the invasive or metastatic potential of tumor cells. We immunohistochemically examined the expression of E‐cadherin with anti‐E‐cadherin monoclonal antibody in various skin tumors (25 basal cell carcinomas, 11 squamous cell carcinomas, 9 keratoacanthomas, and 11 Bowen's disease) using the AMeX method and found that this method preserved antigenicity well without pretreatment. E‐cadherin expression was decreased in 18.2% of squamous cell carcinomas and 33.3% of keratoacanthomas. On the other hand, it was preserved in almost all Bowen's disease and basal cell carcinomas. From the results of our study, we suggest that Bowen's disease and basal cell carcinoma do not have much metastatic potential due to retention of high levels of E‐cadherin expression. We hope to apply the AMeX method to other immunohistochemical examinations because this is a very useful staining method.
The Bacteriology of Acne Vulgaris and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Acne Lesions
Authors: Nishijima Setsuko , Kurokawa Ichiro , Katoh Naoki , Watanabe Kunitomo
Published: April 2015

We examined the species of bacteria aerobically and anaerobically isolated from 30 acne lesions and determined antimicrobial susceptibilities of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) using nine antimicrobial agents. Among the bacteria isolated, S. epidermidis was most dominant. Both P. acnes and S. epidermidis were isolated from half of the acne lesions. The MIC of seven antimicrobials (ampicillin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, minocycline, nadifloxacin) against P. acnes was under 3.13 μg/ml. There were very few resistant strains of P. acnes, but many of S. epidermidis. More than 30% of the S. epidermidis isolates were resistant to erythromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin. After long‐term systemic antibiotic therapy, the resistant strains of S. epidermidis increased, but P. acnes resistance was still limited. When we use antimicrobial agents for the treatment of acne, it should be noticed that not only P. acnes but also S. epidermidis in the acne lesions may acquire resistance to antimicrobials.
Vitiligo Skin Types in Koreans
Authors: Ahn Jong Seong , Lim Jeong Gu , Kim Sang Duck , Kim Kyu Han , Park Kyoung Chan
Published: April 2015

There is uncertainty and controversy about the relationship between skin type and development of vitiligo. The present study was undertaken to study whether vitiligo patients have a different skin type than the control group. We investigated the skin types of 201 Korean vitiligo patients and 70 healthy Korean volunteers. Skin type was determined by the skin phototyping method proposed by Fitzpatrick. Compared to normal controls, skin type II was significantly less frequent and skin type V was quite common in the vitiligo group. These results suggest that people with dark skin have a higher probability of developing vitiligo than people with light skin.
A Case of Giant Pencil‐Core Granuloma
Authors: Yoshitatsu Sumiko , Takagi Tadashi
Published: April 2015

Although pencil injury is a common occurrence, only six cases of so‐called pencil‐core granuloma have been reported. All of these granulomas were relatively small, and most of them simulated malignant melanoma. We report a giant pencil‐core granuloma that developed on a patient's right palm. Its gross appearance was quite different from that of other cases previously reported; it was much larger and resembled a hemangioma.
A Case of Anaphylaxis Due to Ibuprofen
Authors: Takahama Hideto , Kubota Yasuo , Mizoguchi Masako
Published: April 2015

A forty‐four‐year‐old Japanese female, who had persistant rhinorrhea, was administered Benza block tabletsR orally along with two other medicines. Immediately after ingestion, the patient displayed itching of the right upper eyelid, followed by coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, nausea, vomiting, swelling of the face, and dyspnea. She had edema, a wheal extending from the face to the neck, and swelling of the eyelids and lips. Her symptoms subsided after treatment. Her reaction to ibuprofen, which was contained in the Benza Block tabletsR was confirmed by a positive reaction to prick testing. From the results of these examinations, our patient was diagnosed as having anaphylaxis due to the ibuprofen in the Benza Block tabletsR. A review of the literature revealed no previous reports of anaphylaxis due to ibuprofen, although a few cases of ibuprofen urticaria have been reported.
Detection of Mycobacterial DNA in Cervical Granulomatous Lymphadenopathy from Formalin‐Fixed, Paraffin‐Embedded Tissue by PCR
Authors: Kwon Kyung‐Sool , Oh Chang‐Keun , Jang Ho‐Sun , Lee Chae‐Wook , Jun Eun‐Sook
Published: April 2015

Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common form of inflammatory neck mass in Korea. The diagnosis of tuberculosis requires proof of the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by acid‐fast staining or bacterial growth in culture. However, these are often difficult in cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for detection of mycobacteria in routinely processed tissue sections of cervical granulomatous lymphadenopathy. In this retrospective study, twenty formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens from clinically and/or histopathologically diagnosed cervical granulomatous lymphadenopathy were analyzed for mycobacterial DNA by PCR. Two different primers to amplify mycobacterial‐common 383‐base pair (bp) DNA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐complex‐specific 123‐bp DNA were used. Positive PCR products were sequenced directly. Mycobacterial‐common DNA (383‐bp positive) was found in 10 of the 20 cases. Among them, 7 cases were PCR positive with both primer sets. These seven cases can be considered as tuberculosis. The other three cases indicated possible atypical mycobacteriosis. PCR is a useful technique for the demonstration of mycobacterial DNA fragments in patients with clinically suspected cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis who have acid fast‐negative histology and/or unsuccessful mycobacterial cultures.
Double Involvement of Extramammary Paget's Disease in the Genitalia and Axilla
Authors: Inui Shigeki , Fukuhara Saho , Asada Hideo , Tadokoro Taketsugu , Yoshikawa Kunihiko , Itami Satoshi
Published: April 2015

We here reported a case of an 82‐year‐old man with double involvement of extramammary Paget's disease in the genitalia and axilla. Physical examination revealed erythema and reddish tumors on the pubic area and scrotum and irregular‐shaped erythema on the left axilla. The skin biopsy sample from the genital area showed Paget's cells in the epidermis and upper dermis. The specimen from the left axilla showed Paget's cells scattered in the epidermis but not in the dermis.
Common Contact Sensitizers in Delhi
Authors: Singhal Vivek , Reddy Belum Siva Nagi
Published: April 2015

Seventy‐five patients of both sexes with clinically suspected contact dermatitis were patch tested with the Indian Standard Series and indigenous antigens. The results were compared with the data from other centers. Most of these patients were young adults between 20 and 39yrs old with the mean age of 36.63±5.6yrs. Their occupational profiles included household workers (17.33%), masons (10.66%), farmers (6.66%), factory workers (4%), medical personnel (4%), lab workers (2.66%), and miscellaneous (17.33%). Itching and burning were two of the most common complaints, and chronic dermatitis was the predominant morphologic pattern of the lesions observed. Frequent sites involved included the hands (40.83%), airborne type (22.44%), hands and feet (12.24%), feet (12.24%), face (10.2%), and neck (2.04%). Patch test analysis of these patients revealed that, out of 75 subjects tested, 49 (65.3%) reacted to one or more allergens. Parthenium (20%) is the most common contact sensitizer followed by potassium dichromate (16%), xanthium (13.33%), nickel sulphate (12%), chrysanthemum (8%), mercaptobenzothiazole, and garlic (6.66% each). These findings are in broad conformity with those in other reports. We concluded that the Indian Standard Series of antigens with the addition of a few more (such as garlic, onion and chlorheximide of local relevance) is suitable for detecting the allergens responsible for the contact dermatitis prevailing in this region.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Vitiligo: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Amato Laura , Gallerani Isabella , Fuligni Alessandra , Mei Sandra , Fabbri Paolo
Published: April 2015

We describe the case of a 53‐year‐old woman presenting papulous and papulovesicular lesions that were highly pruritic, localized mostly in the achromic areas of vitiligo and symmetrically distributed on the elbows, the buttocks, the shoulders and the neck. The histopathological examination performed on the elbow's lesional skin showed the presence of neutrophils and fibrin microabscesses at the tips of dermal papillae, with a few eosinophils, and small separations between the dermis and epidermis just over the infiltrate. The overlying epidermis was uninjured. The performed tests detected IgA anti‐endomysium, anti‐thyrogloblin, anti‐smooth muscle and anti‐microsomal fraction autoantibodies; DIF showed the presence of IgA granular deposits at the dermo‐epidermal junction, prevalently at the tips of dermal papillae. This is the tenth case reported of an association between dermatitis herpetiformis and vitiligo. Although the two disorders both have immunological pathogeneses, we think that the topographic coexistence of both disorders is coincidental.
Carcinoma Erysipelatoides Originating from Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Han Man‐Heui , Koh Gwang‐Jin , Choi Jee‐Ho , Sung Kyung‐Jeh , Koh Jai‐Kyoung , Moon Kee‐Chan
Published: April 2015

Carcinoma erysipelatoides is an uncommon form of cutaneous metastasis, which is most commonly caused by breast carcinoma, it has rarely been linked to the primary cancers of other organs. We report a 36‐year‐old woman with carcinoma erysipelatoides originating from a gastric carcinoma. Immunohistochemical and morphologic studies of skin biopsies revealed that the signet ring cells in the dilated lymphatics originated from adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
Treatment of Pyoderma Gangrenosum with Oral Tripterygium wilfordii Multiglycoside
Authors: Li Lin‐feng
Published: April 2015

Two patients with refractory pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) were treated with oral Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside (TWG). TWG is a Chinese medicine extracted from a medicinal herb, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, and has potent anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The effect of TWG on PG was demonstrated by clinical findings. Improvement of the lesions occurred within two weeks, and the ulcers healed about a month. Mild side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances were observed in both patients. These side effects were patient‐acceptable, and there was no need to stop the treatment. Transient elevation of serum ALT was observed in one patient; the serum ALT returned completely to normal after the discontinuation of TWG. These results suggest that TWG may be an effective alternative for refractory PG and that careful monitoring of liver function during TWG treatment is necessary.
Skin Is the Frequent Site for Involvement of Peripheral T‐Cell and Natural Killer Cell Lymphomas in Korea
Authors: Cho Kwang‐Hyun , Choi Won‐Woo , Youn Choon‐Shik , Kim Chul‐Woo , Heo Dae‐Seog
Published: April 2015

We have studied the clinicopathological features of 19 Korean cases of peripheral T‐cell and natural killer (NK) cell lymphomas, not including mycosis fungoides. Primary cutaneous involvement was demonstrated in eight of these 19 cases, and we recognized four clinicopathologic subtypes among these eight patients: nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma, three cases; primary cutaneous CD30 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, two cases; subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma, one case; lymphoma with hydroa vacciniforme‐like cutaneous lesions, two cases. We did not, however, encounter any cases of HTLV‐associated adult T‐cell lymphoma/leukemia, which is common in Taiwan and Japan. EBV‐associated lymphoma is the most prominent type of peripheral T‐cell and NK cell neoplasm involving the skin in Korea.
Correlation between Propionibacterium acnes Biotypes, Lipase Activity and Rash Degree in Acne Patients
Authors: Higaki Shuichi , Kitagawa Taro , Kagoura Masayori , Morohashi Masaaki , Yamagishi Takayoshi
Published: April 2015

We examined the possible correlation between biotypes of Propionibacterium acnes, lipase activity, and rash degree in acne patients. Among 5 P. acnes biotypes, P. acnes biotype 3 (B3) was the most common, followed by P. acnes biotypes 1, 2 and 4; P. acnes biotype 5 was not found. P. acnes B3 was isolated from more severe skin rashes than those of the other biotypes. Production of propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA) by P. acnes B3 was higher than those by the other P. acnes biotypes. As the rash degree in acne patients was more severe, the production of PA and BA elevated. Although only a few P. acnes strains were examined in the present study, P. acnes B3 had the highest lipase activity and might have the greatest influence on skin rash in acne patients.
A Case of Pyoderma Gangrenosum on the Stump of an Amputated Right Leg
Authors: Umezawa Yoshinori , Oyake Shinichi , Oh‐i Tsunao , Nagae Tsuneyuki , Ishimaru Shin
Published: April 2015

We present here a case of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) on the stump of an amputated leg. The patient was a 69‐year‐old woman who had both of her legs amputated due to acute arterial occlusion. An ulcer first appeared nine years later, after which point it continued to fluctuate in size. Complications included regional blood flow disorder at the amputated stump, diabetes, and secondary infection. Despite various therapies, the ulcer exacerbated, and hypoproteinemia, increased CRP, and fever were confirmed. The patient was diagnosed as having PG based on her clinical symptoms and because the ulcer did not respond to various therapies. The ulcer improved significantly in response to administration of 40 mg/day of prednisolone, and complete epithelialization was later achieved. Given the presence of multiple complications, it was extremely difficult to confirm PG. Therefore, it is important for physicians to consider PG as one of the causes of intractable ulcers.
The Relationship between Angioblastoma (Nakagawa) and Tufted Angioma: Report of Four Cases with Angioblastoma and a Literature‐Based Comparison of the Two Conditions
Authors: Igarashi Masaru , Oh‐i Tsunao , Koga Michiyuki
Published: April 2015

We report four recent cases of angioblastoma (Nakagawa). Histopathologic examinations of all cases revealed dispersed islets of clear marginal lobules of varying sizes in the dermis. Neoplastic endothelioid cells with moderate atypia and enlarged capillaries containing erythrocytes were found in the conglomerates. Recently, the features of this disease have been compared to the tufted angioma that has been reported in Europe and the U.S. Our evaluation suggests that these two diseases are very likely the same. We suggest that this disease should be called “angioblastoma” in agreement with the first report of this disease by Nakagawa.
A Case of Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Choe Yong Boem , Park Kyoung Chan , Cho Kwang Hyun
Published: April 2015

We experienced a 26‐year‐old woman in whom widespread hypopigmented macules and patches developed as the initial clinical feature of mycosis fungoides. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was treated with PUVA, and the lesion progressively disappeared within five months.
Olmsted Syndrome: Report of Two New Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Larrègue Marc , Callot Valérie , Kanitakis Jean , Suau A. Montis , Foret Murielle
Published: April 2015

Olmsted syndrome is a rare keratinization disorder; 18 cases have been published so far. It associates a mutilating congenital palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial erythematokeratotic lesions. We report herein two new unrelated male children with Olmsted syndrome (OS), one of whom was studied by light and electronmicroscopy. Our histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings suggest that this disease is related to epidermal hyperproliferation. We present herein a review of the twenty cases published so far and discuss the major clinicopathological and genetic features of this disease.
Is Renal Function Altered in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris?—A Short Review
Authors: Szepietowski Jacek C , Szepietowski Tomasz
Published: April 2015

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with distinct microvascular changes. Although it is generally accepted that the psoriatic process is limited to the skin, it is not excluded that similar vascular lesions might be present in internal organs, such as the kidneys. This review summarizes data on renal function in psoriatic patients who were never treated with the potentially nephrotoxic drugs used for treatment of psoriasis. The limited number of such studies is mainly concentrated on microalbuminura. Enhanced urinary albumin excretion at the level of microalbuminuria has been found in some psoriatic individuals. All other routine laboratory renal tests were within their normal ranges. As microalbuminuria is regarded as a subclinical marker of glomerular dysfunction, the authors hypothesize that some psoriatic patients may present subclinical glomerular changes. However, kidney histopathology is necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
A Case of Dowling‐Degos Disease Suggesting an Evolutional Sequence
Authors: Lee Seok Jong , Lee Hyun Joo , Kim Do Won , Jun Jae Bok , Chung Sang Lip , Bae Han Ik
Published: April 2015

We report a 47‐year‐old woman who presented with asymptomatic reticulate hyperpigmentations on the neck, lateral face, axillae, trunk, inguinal areas, and dorsa of both hands and feet. We thought it was an unusual case in the spectrum between the pole of Dowling‐Degos disease (DDD) and that of reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (RAK). Another interesting point was that the biopsied specimens from the abdomen, neck, and axillary lesions showed somewhat different histopathologic features from typical DDD, suggesting an evolutional sequence. From these findings we suggest that a lichenoid inflammation may be responsible for the typical maculo‐papular lesions of DDD.
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica‐like Eruption in an Infant with Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
Authors: Samady Joseph A. , Schwartz Robert A. , Shih Ling Yu , Piela Zofia , Lambert W. Clark , Janniger Camila K.
Published: April 2015

Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare inherited disorder characterized by zinc deficiency and a triad of dermatitis, diarrhea, and alopecia. It is an autosomal recessive condition thought to be due to the inability to absorb zinc from the gastrointestinal tract. Acquired zinc deficiency due to a variety of etiologies may produce a similar clinical picture. These causes include inadequate supply, malabsorption, and low zinc stores. In addition to zinc, deficiencies of other nutrients such as branched chain amino acids have induced an acrodermatitis enteropathica‐like eruption. We describe a case of a 26‐month‐old boy with a rare inborn error of metabolism known as nonketotic hyperglycinemia who developed an acrodermatitis enteropathica‐like eruption. In addition to zinc deficiency, the patient was deficient in branched chain amino acids due to a low protein diet instituted to reduce his elevated glycine levels. The rash did not respond to zinc replacement alone, and therefore is most likely a combination of amino acid and zinc deficiency. Acrodermatitis enteropathica‐like eruptions have been described in other conditions that cause decreased serum amino acids, such as maple syrup urine disease and organic acidurias. This is the first case describing an association between acrodermatitis enteropathica and nonketotic hyperglycinemia.
Three Unusual Siblings with Harlequin Icthyosis in an Indian Family
Authors: Sarkar Rashmi , Sharma Ravi C. , Sethi Seema , Basu Srikanta , Das Rupam , Mendiratta Vibhu , Sardana Kabir , Kakar Nirupma
Published: April 2015

Harlequin fetuses occurring as three siblings in an Indian family are described here. All three were preterm, low birth weight, and did not survive. There was no history of consanguinous marriage in the parents or in the family. Thus autosomal recessive inheritence appears to be a remote possibility, although not impossible or, as recently described, these recurrent harlequin fetuses could be the result of new dominant mutations with parental mosaicism.
Eruptive Vellus Hair Cyst and Epidermoid Cyst in a Patient with Pachyonychia Congenita
Authors: Takeshita Taizo , Takeshita Hiromichi , Irie Koji
Published: April 2015

We report the first case of pachyonychia congenita (PC) associated with both eruptive vellus hair cyst (EVHC) and epidermoid cyst. The patient is a 12‐year‐old Japanese girl who presented with two natal teeth at birth. She had thickening and discoloration of the fingernails and toenails, plantar hyperkeratosis, palmar‐plantar hyperhidrosis and multiple cutaneous cysts. Histologic examination revealed EVHC and epidermoid cyst.
A Case of Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis Treated with Tacalcitol (1α,24‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3)
Authors: Kawaguchi Masakazu , Mitsuhashi Yoshihiko , Kondo Shigeo
Published: April 2015

We report a case of subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD) treated with tacalcitol (1α,24‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3) ointment. A 77‐year‐old male had had asymptomatic, superficial, grouped pustules in annular patterns with mild background erythema for six years which affected his axillae and bilateral groin. A diagnosis of SPD was made. Topical vitamin D3 (tacalcitol) was applied to the lesion of SPD and its clinical effectiveness was assessed. Within one month, symptoms in the lesion treated with tacalcitol ointment started subsiding, and eventually only erythema remained. After three months, the region treated with tacalcitol ointment showed no relapse. We conclude that tacalcitol ointment is effective for SPD in some case.
The Antibacterial Activity of Tea In vitro and In vivo (In Patients with Impetigo Contagiosa)
Authors: Sharquie Khalifa E. , AL‐Turfi Ihsan A. , AL‐Salloum Suhaila M.
Published: April 2015

A total number of 104 patients with impetigo contagiosa was included in this study. They were 47 females (45.2%) and 57 males (54.8%). Their ages ranged from one month to 40 years with a median of 4 years. This study was divided into two parts:

Part I (in vitro): Thirty‐five patients were swabbed to determine the microbiology of impetigo contagiosa which included 33 isolates of pure S. aureus (94.3%) and 2 of a combination of S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (5.7%). The antibacterial effect of tea liquor (lotion) against S. aureus proved very effective. Antibiotic sensitivity was done for all bacterial isolates of S. aureus.

Part II (in vivo): The antibacterial effects of tea liquor and ointment were tested by treating 64 patients with impetigo contagiosa. Tea ointment was very effective with a cure rate of 81.3%. Forty patients were taken as controls and divided into two groups. The first one was given an ointment containing Framycetin and gramicidin (soframycin) with a cure rate of 72.2%; the other group was given oral cephalexin with a cure rate of 78.6%. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first one which demonstrated the anti‐bacterial action of crude tea in vivo, against impetigo contagiosa. Clinical data about impetigo are also included in this study.
Evaluation on the Occurrence of Tsutsugamushi Disease in Tottori Prefecture
Authors: Rivera Ma. Rosario P. , Mihara Motoyuki , Shibata Michiyo
Published: April 2015

In Tottori Prefecture, we gathered the data of all patients known to have been infected with tsutsugamushi disease (TD) over a span of 49 years, from 1950 to 1998. The total number of patients reported so far has been 19, 16 of which occurred after 1988. Recently, it has been observed that the incidence tended to increase. Of the 13 laboratory confirmed patients, 7 came from Saji Village and Chizu Town, in the Yazu district, a place whereby, a body of water known as the Sendai River partly passes through, and is located in the eastern region of Tottori Prefecture. The remaining 6 came from Nichinan Town in the Hino district, a locality whereby the Hino River partly passes through; in the western part of the same prefecture. Both are mountainous areas, where corniferous trees such as Japanese cedars and pines grow. These results indicate that the occurrence or prevalence of TD in Tottori Prefecture was restricted only to particular places. Seasonal occurrence was during April and May in Nichinan, while October and November in Yazu, particularly in Saji, with one exceptional case in Chizu in which TD occurred during spring. It is likely that the causative chigger mite is the Leptotrombidium pallidum (L. pallidum). The causative agent in Yazu was the Gilliam strain only of Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi), while in the latter, it was the Karp, Kato or some unknown strains with antigen(s) common to the Gilliam, Karp and Kato strains. The seasonal difference in the occurrence among the three places may be caused by the difference in temperature because the average autumn/spring temperature difference in the 2 districts was 2–3°C lower in Nichinan than in the Saji‐Chizu areas. As a result, the activity of larval chigger mites may be temporarily halted or stopped by the relatively lower temperature in Nichinan during autumn.
A Case of Classic Kaposi's Sarcoma with Multiple Organ Involvement
Authors: Jang Ho‐Sun , Cha Jung‐Hoon , Oh Chang‐Keum , Kwon Kyung‐Sool
Published: April 2015

Kaposi's sarcoma is a systemic, multifocal, angiomatous tumor which can be classified into four clinical variants. Among them, classic Kaposi's sarcoma is rare in Oriental people, and the involvement of internal organs in this variant is reported to be very rare. We present a case of classic Kaposi's sarcoma in a 67‐year‐old Korean male, who had multiple organ involvement in the skin, lymph node, and stomach. Lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma cleared after treatment with etoposide, but the skin lesions recurred after a three‐month symptom‐free period. He was treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine, and all the skin lesions were cleared.
Pedunculated Melanoma with Pulmonary and Bony Metastases
Authors: Kato Naoko , Kimura Kumiko , Sugawara Hiroshi , Aoyagi Satoru , Kondo Keishi , Yamashiro Katsushige
Published: April 2015

We report a patient with pedunculated melanoma. Rounded and epithelioid‐type melanoma cells had proliferated in the epidermis and massively into the deep dermis in the pedunculated nodule. At the base of the pedicle, lengtiginous‐type melanoma cells formed nests of various sizes in the epidermis extending ten or more rete ridges beyond the site of invasion. Thus, this case shows that a pedunculated melanoma is not necessarily a variant of nodular melanoma. Six years after the primary operation, late recurrence was detected in regional lymph nodes, and nine years after the initial operation, the patient was found to have three large metastatic nodules, up to 8.5 cm in longest diameter, in her lung and bone. Although she died six months after the metastasectomy, prompt surgical excision of the primary tumor and metastasectomy can provide longer survival.
Amblyomma testudinarium Tick Bite: One Case of Engorged Adult and a Case of Extraordinary Number of Larval Tick Infestation
Authors: Nakamura‐Uchiyama Fukumi , Komuro Yasuo , Yoshii Akira , Nawa Yukifumi
Published: April 2015

This paper reports two recent cases of tick bite due to Amblyomma testudinarium. The first case was an 86‐year‐old farmer infested with a fully engorged adult tick attached on his inguinal region. The second case was a 57‐year‐old male infested with an extraordinarily large number of larval ticks (>100 larvae). The ticks were identified as A. testudinarium based on morphological characteristics. To our knowledge, the latter case is the eleventh case of larval tick bites among all tick species and the fourth case with larval A. testudinarium in Japan.
Risk and Resilience Factors in the Mental Health and Well‐Being of Women with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Conder Jennifer Ann , Mirfin‐Veitch Brigit Frances , Gates Sue
Published: April 2015

Background

Women with intellectual disability are thought to be at increased risk of mental illness, yet little is known about resiliency factors supporting women's mental health. This article reports on such factors drawn from a study that aimed to address how women with intellectual disability experience their mental health and well‐being.

Materials and Methods

Utilizing a broad qualitative approach, 25 New Zealand women, aged 21–65 years were interviewed about their life from childhood to the present, including, where relevant, their experience of mental illness. Data were analysed using a general inductive approach.

Results

Resiliency factors aligned with the theme ‘keeping mentally well’, subthemes of which were as follows: the importance of relationships with family and friends; keeping busy; and autonomy and happiness. Challenges for resiliency could be seen in the theme ‘mental illness’ where subthemes of abuse, long‐term stress and medication were identified.

Conclusions

Many of the women demonstrated remarkable resiliency, despite setbacks and exposure to risks, provided they were nested within a supportive context. Those women who experienced major mental illness shared evidence of both higher risk factors and less support available at crucial times.