bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of participation restriction in activities of daily living in elderly users of hearing aids
Authors: Mantello Erika B. , Marino Mirela V. , Alves Ana Claudia , Hyppolito Miguel A. , Reis Ana Claudia Mirandola B. dos , Isaac Myriam de l.
Published: January 2017

Objective: to evaluate the effects of using hearing aids and counseling in self-perception of participation restriction in activities in the elderly. Model Study: prospective and descriptive study. Method: we selected 29 elderly. They answered the questionnaire Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version (HHIE-S), before the hearing aid fitting. After three months was carried out the same questionnaire and the results obtained were compared. Results: quantitatively the difference between the scores (total, social/situation, emotional), before and after the audiological intervention, showed significant results. In qualitative analysis, it was observed in the condition before the adaptation, a significant perception of auditory handicap for the total score; however, in the situation after the hearing aid use, it no longer occurred handicap perception for the three scores. Conclusion: the acoustic stimulation through the use of hearing aids and counseling sessions contributed to the decrease in scores of participation restriction in elderly, valued at HHIE-S questionnaire
Between management and the elderly health care: focus on falls
Authors: Vicentine Fernanda Bergamini , Ferreira Janise Braga Barros , Vinhoti Danilo Sérgio
Published: January 2017

Study design: Descriptive study, the type and cross-sectional survey. Objectives. Consider the fall event and its consequences in elderly of Ribeirão Preto / SP and identify the instruments related to the recording of the occurrence and prevention of falls in the elderly. Methodology. Official banks were consulted Department of the Unified Health System Informatics, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the official site of the Municipal Health of Ribeirão Preto, from October / 2012 to September / 2013. The instruments available about health record information about falls and prevention were consulted. Results and Discussion. In primary care, the event falls were present only in sheet D of Care Information System Basic Express as one of its sequels, “femoral neck fracture.” At the point of ambulatory care, prescription medications (90%) stood out. In the hospital care is the cause that leads to the greatest number of days of hospitalization due to external causes. Conclusion. It is necessary to enhance the prevention of falls, with measures at reducing risK factors and especially with actions in the home environment and by improving the management tools care used in primary health care
Evaluation of medications prescribed to in a geriatric outpatient clinic
Authors: Malaquias Bruna S. S. , Buso Ana L. Z. , Silvano Carla M. , Nardelli Giovanna G. , Martins Guilherme T. , Santos Álvaro S.
Published: January 2017

The study aimed to analyze and describe the profile of the prescriptions of medicines carried out the elderly in geriatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital. It is a descriptive and transversal research, conducted with 194 charts of patients attended between 2006 and 2012. There was a verified female prevalence, the patients were mostly aged between 71 to 80 years and most of them were married. The average number of comorbidities was three (dp=1.7), most of them of the circulatory system. The average consumption of medicines was 4.78 (dp=2.63), but 49% of seniors were on polypharmacy as of the second ambulatory consultation. In addition, the consumption of five or more medicines were especially associated with the elderly of 71 to 80 years. A discrete elevation in the average number of prescribed medicines was observed, adequate to the number of illnesses and age group, besides the possible condition of the senior at the moment of his or her referral. This study points out the need for a greater monitoring of those using more than five medications, as well as for a better integration with primary health care when prescribing drugs for the elderly, in order to reduce polypharmacy, adverse events, drug interaction and physiological changes in elderly patients
Alternative communication technology applied inlaryngectomized people due to head and neck cancer
Authors: Gomes Cristiane A. , Rugno Fernanda C. , Rezende Gabriela , Cardoso Renata C. , De Carlo Marysia M. R. P.
Published: January 2017

Study design: Integrative literature review. Aims: To summarize the main results of research and publications related to the use of alternative communication technologies for people with restrictions on their communication skills, particularly those laryngectomized with head and neck cancer. Method: This study was based on bibliographic research in electronic databases: PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO and CINAHL through the use of the following descriptors: “Head and Neck Neoplasms”, “Head and Neck Cancer”, “Quality of Life” and “Communication” , their corresponding in Portuguese and their crosses. Results: Selected 14 articles published in the period from 2004 to 2014, categorized into two units of analysis: I: Illness and treatment impact on quality of life and physical aspects, functional and symptoms (N = 5), II: Psychosocial aspects related to the treatment of head and neck cancer (N = 9). The articles indicated that the disease and the treatment of cancer cause body changes, at times traumatic, with important impacts on the functional and esthetic aspects, with speech, nutrition and physical appearance alterations, besides affecting the psychological factors. The laryngectomy is highly stressing and compromises the communication and social interactions, particularly in relation to their families and the health team. The consequences are manifested in everyday life of these subjects, including emotional responses ranging in a singular way to each individual. The use of alternative communication resources can encourage active social participation by people with communication difficulties and favor therefore their quality of life (QoL). Conclusion: The use of alternative resources for communication, by partial or total laryngectomized favors the exercise of the autonomy, maintaining communication skills, active social participation and improves QoL in person’s with cancer
Use of Mixed Methods Research in Research on Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension
Authors: Campbell David J.T. , Tam-Tham Helen , Dhaliwal Kirnvir K. , Manns Braden J. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Sanmartin Claudia , King-Shier Kathryn
Published: January 2017

Background—

Mixed methods research, the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods within 1 program of study, is becoming increasingly popular to allow investigators to explore patient experiences (qualitative) and also measure outcomes (quantitative). Coronary artery disease and its risk factors are some of the most studied conditions; however, the extent to which mixed methods studies are being conducted in these content areas is unknown. We sought to comprehensively describe the characteristics of published mixed methods studies on coronary artery disease and major risk factors (diabetes mellitus and hypertension).

Methods and Results—

We conducted a scoping review of the literature indexed in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL. We identified 811 abstracts for screening, of which 254 articles underwent full-text review and 97 reports of 81 studies met criteria for inclusion. The majority of studies in this area were conducted in the past 10 years by nurse researchers from the United States and United Kingdom. Diabetes mellitus was the most common content area for mixed methods investigation (compared with coronary artery disease and hypertension). Most authors described their rationale for using mixed methods as complementarity and did not describe study priority or how they reconciled differences in methodological paradigms. Some mixed methods study designs were more commonly used than others, including concurrent timing and integration at the interpretation stage. Qualitative strands were most commonly descriptive studies using interviews for data collection. Quantitative strands were most commonly cross-sectional observational studies, which relied heavily on self-report data such as surveys and scales.

Conclusions—

Although mixed methods research is becoming increasingly popular in the area of coronary artery disease and its risk factors, many of the more advanced mixed methods, qualitative, and quantitative techniques have not been commonly used in these areas.
Avoiding Untimely Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator Implantation by Intensified Heart Failure Therapy Optimization Supported by the Wearable Cardioverter/Defibrillator—The PROLONG Study
Authors: Duncker David , König Thorben , Hohmann Stephan , Bauersachs Johann , Veltmann Christian
Published: January 2017

Background

Optimal timing of implantation of an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (
ICD
) after newly diagnosed heart failure is unclear given that late reverse remodelling may occur. We aimed to analyze left ventricular ejection fraction (
LVEF
) after diagnosis of an
LVEF
≤35% during optimization of heart failure drug therapy.

Methods and Results

One hundred fifty‐six patients with newly diagnosed
LVEF
≤35% receiving a wearable cardioverter/defibrillator (
WCD
) were analyzed.
WCD
was prescribed for 3 months until first re‐evaluation. Indications for prolongation of
WCD
wearing period instead of
ICD
implantation were: (1)
LVEF
at 3‐month visit 30% to 35%; (2) increase in
LVEF
of ≥5% compared to the last visit; and (3) nonoptimized heart failure medication. Mean
LVEF
was 24±7% at diagnosis and 39±11% at last follow‐up (mean, 12±10 months). Whereas 88 patients presented a primary preventive
ICD
indication (
LVEF
≤35%) at 3‐month follow‐up, only 58 showed a persistent primary preventive
ICD
indication at last follow‐up. This delayed improvement in
LVEF
was related to nonischemic origin of cardiomyopathy, New York Heart Association functional class at baseline, heart rate, better
LVEF
after 3 months, and higher dosages of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Twelve appropriate
WCD
shocks for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation occurred in 11 patients. Two patients suffered from ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation beyond 3 months after diagnosis.

Conclusions

A relevant proportion of patients with newly diagnosed heart failure shows recovery of
LVEF
>35% beyond 3 months after initiation of heart failure therapy. To avoid untimely
ICD
implantation, prolongation of
WCD
period should be considered in these patients to prevent sudden cardiac death while allowing left ventricular reverse remodeling during intensified drug therapy.
Subjectivity Predicts Adjective Ordering Preferences
Authors: Scontras Gregory , Degen Judith , Goodman Noah D.
Published: January 2017

From English to Hungarian to Mokilese, speakers exhibit strong ordering preferences in multi-adjective strings: “the big blue box” sounds far more natural than “the blue big box.” We show that an adjective’s distance from the modified noun is predicted not by a rigid syntax, but by the adjective’s meaning: less subjective adjectives occur closer to the nouns they modify. This finding provides an example of a broad linguistic universal—adjective ordering preferences—emerging from general properties of cognition.
Skin-derived semiochemicals of the lacertid lizard Acanthodactylus boskianus
Authors: Khannoon Eraqi R. , Mohammed Kamar K.H. , Dakrory Ahmed I.
Published: January 2017

Skin lipids impede transcutaneous water loss in several species of squamate reptiles and act as a barrier to harmful microorganisms; they play an additional role as chemical cues involved in chemical communication eliciting behavioral responses in intra- and interspecific interactions. While studies till now give little detailed information on the nature of skin slough, the femoral gland secretions of the lacertid lizardAcanthodactylus boskianushave been analyzed and the chemical profile is known for the species. In the present study we use GC-MS analysis of skin slough to focus on the chemical composition of skin in the xeric-adapted lacertid lizardA. boskianusand compare this to its femoral secretions. In the shed skin we detected steroids, alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, carboxylic acid esters, squalene, monoglycerides of fatty acids, glycerol monoethers of long chain alcohols, and 1,3 alkanediol, which are the same chemical groups already found in the femoral secretions of this species. However, the relative percentages of these compounds in skin slough differ from those known for femoral secretions. While the compounds characterizing skin slough are qualitatively similar to femoral secretions, they could represent an adaptation to hot and dry habitats ofA. boskianus. With regard to the characteristic chemical profiles for different sexes, there is not enough evidence to support their possible role as chemosignals, and behavioral experiments should be performed to test the possible use of skin shedding in intraspecific communication.
Re-Thinking Gareth Evans’ Approach to Indexical Sense and the Problem of Tracking Thoughts
Authors: Mertel Kurt C.M.
Published: January 2017

In “Understanding Demonstratives”, Gareth Evans bites the bullet regarding Rip van Winkle cases in cognitive dynamics: the fact that Rip sleeps for twenty years and completely loses track of time means he is unable to retain his original belief that “Today is a fine day”. In this paper, the author argues that Evans need not bite this bullet because there are resources in his account of the cognitive dynamics involved in belief retention developed in The Varieties of Reference to successfully confront the challenge posed by the Rip van Winkle case. In particular, when we combine the two central elements of Evans’s cognitive dynamics – the skill of keeping track of one’s spatio-temporal location in addition to memory – it is possible to arrive at the conclusion that it is indeed possible for Rip to retain and re-express his original belief.
Development Hazard: A Violation-based Approach to the Right to Development
Authors: Hadiprayitno Irene I.
Published: January 2017

It is common to criticize the right to development as a confusing compilation of ideas that brings into question its progressive realisation. This article concentrates precisely on this deferring situation. However, rather than scrutinizing the reasons of failures, it aims to explore a violation-based approach to the right to development in its connection as an instrument to address development hazards. The analysis focuses on two aspects of the right to development, firstly, the entitlement to fair distribution of benefits, as the basic argument to the obligation not to cause any harm in development, and secondly, the entitlement to participation, as an instrument to prevent and combat development hazards.
A clarification of the name Carex hypsipedos C.B.Clarke (Cyperaceae) and a new name for the South American Carex section Acrocystis taxon
Authors: POINDEXTER D. B. , ESCUDERO M. , JIMÉNEZ-MEJÍAS P.
Published: January 2017

In 1906, Clarke described C. hypsipedos based on specimens of Weberbauer 2617 and placed this species in subgenus Vignea. In 1909, Kükenthal also described the name C. umbellata var. depressa on the basis of the number Weberbauer 2617, a species attributed to section Acrocystis of subgenus Carex. Wheeler in 1988 also placed C. hypsipedos in section Acrocystis while reducing Kükenthal’s name to synonymy. During a recent herbarium survey, we studied syntypes corresponding to Weberbauer 2617 at B, F, G, and MOL. The study of these materials revealed important inconsistencies between the specimens and Clarke’s protologue and Wheeler’s study, suggesting that Weberbauer 2617 is a mixed collection of two different species. One plant conforms to Carex sect. Acrocystis, while the other bears resemblance to subgenus Vignea. Several salient characters distinguish these two taxa from each other, most notably including: stigmas 3 vs. stigmas 2, achenes trigonous vs. lenticular, and perigynium pubescent to puberulent vs. glabrous. Carex hypsipedos from Peru, corresponding to Clarke’s original description, is here lectotypified. The Carex sect. Acrocystis species is assigned a new name, Carex punicola, from Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru (South America). In addition to Wheeler’s (1988) observations, we here provide additional detail and illustration of this species. It is closely related to C. geophila, another American species in section Acrocystis.
Seminavis norae comb. nov. is the correct name for Seminavis recta
Authors: TALGATTI DÁVIA M. , DA SILVA WELITON J. , BERTOLLI LUCIELLE M. , TORGAN LEZILDA C.
Published: January 2017

Cymbella (Encyonema) grossestriata var. recta Frenguelli (1938: 303) was described by Joaquín Frenguelli (1883–1958) from the Matanza river estuary in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was subsequently transferred to the genus Navicula Bory (1822b: 128) by Metzeltin et al. (2005: 138), who elevated Frenguelli’s variety to species level. The authors provided evidence that the taxon was not related to Cymbella grossestriata O. Müller (1905: 154) and did not belong to either Cymbella C.A. Agardh (1830: 1) or Encyonema Kützing (1833: 589).
Revision of the species of Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) from Palawan and Busuanga, with descriptions of eleven new species, and redescription of Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) scabra d’Orchymont, 1925
Authors: FREITAG HENDRIK , JÄCH MANFRED A.
Published: January 2017

The species of Hydraena Kugelann from the Philippine Islands of Palawan and Busuanga are revised. Eleven new species are described: Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) busuanga Freitag & Jäch, sp. n., H. (Hydraenopsis) castanescens Freitag & Jäch, sp. n., H. (Hydraenopsis) claudia Freitag & Jäch, sp. n., H. (Hydraenopsis) hosiwergi Freitag & Jäch, sp. n., H. (Hydraenopsis) jojoorculloi Freitag & Jäch, sp. n., H. (Hydraenopsis) kodadai Freitag & Jäch, sp. n., H. (Hydraenopsis) manguao Freitag & Jäch, sp. n., H. (Hydraenopsis) nielshaggei Freitag & Jäch, sp. n., H. (Hydraenopsis) palawanensis Freitag & Jäch, sp. n., H. (Hydraenopsis) pseudopalawanensis Freitag & Jäch, sp. n., and H. (Hydraenopsis) zetteli Freitag & Jäch, sp. n. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) scabra d’Orchymont, 1925 is redescribed and its distribution in the Philippines documented. A key to the Hydraena species of Palawan and Busuanga is provided.
A new species of Halisarca (Demospongiae: Halisarcida) from the Sea of Okhotsk, North Pacific
Authors: ERESKOVSKY ALEXANDER V.
Published: January 2017

A new species of sponge without skeleton, Halisarca korotkovae sp. nov. is described from the Sea of Okhotsk. It differs from the other species of Halisarca by its different ecological conditions, as well as by its morphology and histology. The new species is characterized by its fulvous colour and by its big nucleolated, eosinophilic microgranular cells (18.7×9.5 to 10.8×7.1 μm) concentrated mainly in the ectosomal part of sponge in aggregates up to 40 μm in diameter.
A revision of the generic status of Periclimenes jackhintoni Bruce, 2006, with a new key to the genus Laomenes Clark (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Authors: BRUCE A. J.
Published: January 2017

The genus Laomenes was designated by A.H. Clark (1919), as a replacement name for the preoccupied name Corniger Borradaile 1915. Until recently subsequent authors considered it to be a synonym of Periclimenes Costa 1844. Only three species were referred to this genus, as P. amboinensis (De Man, 1888), P. ceratophthalmus Borradaile, 1915, and P. cornutus Borradaile, 1915. The genus Laomenes Clark has now been resurrected by Okuno and Fujita (January 2007), with the additional inclusion of a further species, Parapontonia nudirostris Bruce, 1968, the genus Parapontonia Bruce, 1968, being regarded as a junior synonym of Laomenes Clark.
Uroptychus nitidus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) and related species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostylidae) from the western Atlantic
Authors: BABA KEIJI , WICKSTEN MARY K.
Published: January 2017

Eight species of squat lobsters of the genus Uroptychus are reported from the western Atlantic based on the collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, the Smithsonian Institution and Texas A&M University. Uroptychus nitidus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) is reviewed and redescribed, with a syntype taken at Blake Station 200 off Martinique designated as the lectotype. Uroptychus alphonsei n. sp. is named for U. nitidus variety C Chace, 1942, U. fenneri n. sp. for U. nitidus variety A Chace, 1942, and U. janiceae n. sp. for U. nitidus variety B Chace, 1942; U. lindae n. sp. is described on the basis of specimens collected by the Alaminos in the Caribbean Sea off northern Columbia; U. rafai n. sp. is described based on a sole specimen taken from the Straits of Florida; U. reedae n. sp. is described from among the syntypes of U. nitidus; and U. uncifer (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) is redescribed to elaborate on its specific status, with the designation of lectotype from Blake Station 299 off the coast of Barbados. The number of species of Uroptychus from the western Atlantic now stands at 21. A key to these species is provided.
Revision of Recent and fossil Mixtacandona Klie 1938 (Ostracoda, Candonidae) from Italy, with description of a new species
Authors: MAZZINI ILARIA , MARRONE FEDERICO , ARCULEO MARCO , ROSSETTI GIAMPAOLO
Published: January 2017

Although studies on ostracods dwelling in inland subterranean habitats of Italy have increased in the last decades, highlighting a considerable taxonomic diversity, available information is still far from sufficient to understand phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships. Mixtacandona Klie 1938 is one of the most common and diverse genera of ostracods in subterranean waters. Of the 20 living recognized species in the genus, all stygobiontic and restricted to the Palearctic Region, four are known for the Italian peninsula and Sardinia, one of which exclusively as fossil. Several other Recent and fossil taxa attributable to Mixtacandona, but identified at supraspecific level, have been reported from various Italian regions. Here we report Mixtacandona idrisi n. sp., collected in a cave near Palermo, the first cavernicolous ostracod from the island of Sicily; in addition, the description of material recently collected in northern Italy, consisting of M. laisi and of a putative new species that has been tentatively allocated to the same genus, is given. Mixtacandona (Trapezicandona) italica Karanovic & Pesce, 2000 is tentatively treated as a junior synonym of M. talianae Gliozzi & Mazzini, 1998. The validity of species-groups within Mixtacandona is discussed. Relying on the results of this study, the authors argue for the need of a comprehensive revision of the genus.
Potential Predictability of Seasonal Extreme Precipitation Accumulation in China
Authors: Wei Wenguang , Yan Zhongwei , Jones P. D.
Published: January 2017

The potential predictability of seasonal extreme precipitation accumulation (SEPA) across mainland China is evaluated, based on daily precipitation observations during 1960–2013 at 675 stations. The potential predictability value (PPV) of SEPA is calculated for each station by decomposing the observed SEPA variance into a part associated with stochastic daily rainfall variability and another part associated with longer-time-scale climate processes. A Markov chain model is constructed for each station and a Monte Carlo simulation is applied to estimate the stochastic part of the variance. The results suggest that there are more potentially predictable regions for summer than for the other seasons, especially over southern China, the Yangtze River valley, the north China plain, and northwestern China. There are also regions of large PPVs in southern China for autumn and winter and in northwestern China for spring. The SEPA series for the regions of large PPVs are deemed not entirely stochastic, either with long-term trends (e.g., increasing trends in inland northwestern China) or significant correlation with well-known large-scale climate processes (e.g., East Asian winter monsoon for southern China in winter and El Niño for the Yangtze River valley in summer). This fact not only verifies the claim that the regions have potential predictability but also facilitates predictive studies of the regional extreme precipitation associated with large-scale climate processes.
Diagnosing an Artificial Trend in NLDAS-2 Afternoon Precipitation
Authors: Ferguson Craig R. , Mocko David M.
Published: January 2017

While investigating linkages between afternoon peak rainfall amount and land–atmosphere coupling strength, a statistically significant trend in phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2) warm season (April–September) afternoon (1700–2259 UTC) precipitation was noted for a large fraction of the conterminous United States, namely, two-thirds of the area east of the Mississippi River, during the period from 1979 to 2015. To verify and better characterize this trend, a thorough statistical analysis is undertaken. The analysis focuses on three aspects of precipitation: amount, frequency, and intensity at 6-hourly time scale and for each calendar month separately. At the NLDAS-2 native resolution of 0.125° × 0.125°, Kendall’s tau and Sen’s slope estimators are used to detect and estimate trends and the Pettitt test is used to detect breakpoints. Parallel analyses are conducted on both NARR and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), subdaily precipitation estimates. Widespread breakpoints of field significance at the α = 0.05 level are detected in the NLDAS-2 frequency and intensity series for all months and 6-h periods that are absent from the analogous NARR and MERRA-2 datasets. These breakpoints are shown to correspond with a July 1996 NLDAS-2 transition away from hourly 2° × 2.5° NOAA/CPC precipitation estimates to hourly 4-km stage II Doppler radar precipitation estimates in the temporal disaggregation of CPC daily gauge analyses. While NLDAS-2 may provide the most realistic diurnal precipitation cycle overall, users should be aware of this discontinuity and its direct effect on long-term trends in subdaily precipitation and indirect effects on trends in modeled soil moisture, surface temperature, surface energy and water fluxes, snow cover, snow water equivalent, and runoff/streamflow.
On the Application of the Mirror‐Match Bootstrap in Adaptive Cluster Sampling
Authors: Saha Amitava
Published: January 2017

Abstract:

The confidence intervals (CT’s) conventionally constructed in large‐scale sample surveys assuming asymptotic normality often leads to unsatisfactory results when the population under study is rare or clustered. Adaptive cluster sampling is a promising sampling technique to effectively catch rare, geographically clustered or localized population elements. Christman and Pontius (2000) applied several bootstrap techniques to construct confidence intervals when simple random samples are selected without replacement (SRSWOR) and adaptive cluster sampling is used to sample localized population units. Here we extend Sitter's (1992a, b) ‘mirror‐match’ (MM) bootstrap to a practical survey set‐up using varying selection probability. We also demonstrate using real data from the Indian Economic Census how the extended procedure can be applied to adaptive cluster sampling adopted for estimating simultaneously the numbers of carners engaged in a number of localized unorganized rural industries.

AMS (2000) Subject Classification: 62D05.
An Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Quantity Dependent Permissible Delay in Payment and Partial Backlogging of Shortage
Authors: Pal Manisha , Ghosh Sanjoy Kumar
Published: January 2017

Abstract:

In many inventory situations, instead of making immediate payment on receiving the consigument, the purchaser is allowed a certain fixed time period to pay for the goods bought. During this time the supplier charges no interest, but beyond this period interest is charged under the terms and condition agreed upon. As for the purchaser, he can earn interest on the revenue coolected during the credit period. This paper studies a single item inventory model for deteriorating items, when the permissible delay in payment depends on the ordered quantity and shortages are partially backlogged, assuming the backlogging rate to be inversely proportional to the waiting time for the next replenishment. An algorithm has been developed to find the optimal inventory policy. Numerical examples have been cited to illustrate the model.

AMS (2000) Subject Classification: 90B05.
What's Normal Adolescent?: A Guide of the Assessment of Adolescent Behavior
Authors: Fine Louis L.
Published: January 2017

Adolescence represents a developmental continuum between childhood and adulthood. Assessment of an adolescent's behavior can be based upon his efforts in accomplishing developmental tasks and his functioning relative to his stage of development—early adolescence and the casting-off of childhood; middle adolescence with the teen-age subculture; or late adolescence with the establishment of adult values. One should be aware of the conflicts and complications which may arise in each stage of development and routinely evaluate the adolescent's functioning within his family, peer group, and school situation. Assessing behavior in this frame of reference enables the physician to differentiate variations of normal development and behavior from pathological states in his adolescent patients.
Death of an Adult—And Its Impact Upon the Child
Authors: Wessel Morris A.
Published: January 2017

Morris A. Wessel, a Yale Medical School graduate (1943), gives much of his practice time to children and adolescents with behavior disorders. Currently, he is enthusiastically helping to develop HOSPICE, INC., a greater New Haven community organization with the aim: "to help patients and families face with dignity and meaning that part of life we call death." In 1972, he was the President of the New England Pediatric Society.
Making the Annual Pediatric Evaluation More Relevant to the Needs of the Child
Authors: Kauff Richard E. , Kimball Joan
Published: January 2017

Techniques and maneuvers of physical diagnosis being taught and practiced in well-child care require little participation by the child-patient. During the first three years of life, the stresses of physical growth require frequent application of traditional examination techniques, as auscultation, palpation, and manipulation. Defects previously occult, made manifest by growth, must be identified. But after age three, “appropriate endpoints now consist of determining the child's competence to perform under the physiologically stressful conditions imposed by new social and learning situations.” As illustration, the authors describe in detail, an annual health examination being given to well children in private practice. Especial emphasis is placed on hearing problems in their relation to poor work in school.
Agreeable Authoritarians: Personality and Politics in Contemporary Russia
Authors: Greene Samuel , Robertson Graeme
Published: January 2017

Personality research is a growing field in political behavior, but most research to date is confined to democracies. We expand the scope to Russia, an authoritarian regime, and find that the impact of personality is substantial but different from the existing literature. We find that agreeableness, a personality trait associated with a desire to maintain positive relations with others that is usually peripheral to politics, becomes the single most important and consistent trait affecting attitudes. This perspective helps us to understand why individuals who are socioeconomically and demographically similar can have quite different attitudes to the regime. Our analysis also helps us to understand the mechanisms through which personality works and how it shapes attitudes to such important elements as religion and state propaganda. Our findings suggest a new, and empirically testable, mechanism behind situations in which regimes rapidly dissolve, including revolutions.
Disobedience and Violence in Northern Ireland
Authors: Carroll Terrance G.
Published: January 2017

This article addresses the need to relate theoretical statements on the causes of political violence to micro-level activity. Gurr's relative deprivation model is reviewed and some modifications are suggested. His theory, the modifications, and a number of possible alternatives or additions to the theory are then tested against data from a survey of Roman Catholic political activists in Northern Ireland. The analysis suggests that disobedient and violent forms of antiregime behavior have quite different causes; that the connection between RD and violence is less direct than Gurr suggests; and that dissidence plays a more important role than that accorded it in the relative deprivation model.
Regime Change
Authors: Lichbach Mark Irving
Published: January 2017

This article examines two plausible rival explanations of regime change. The first explanation, a structuralist argument, holds that regimes change because they are not constructed properly. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that the coherence in authority relations (that is, consistently democratic or consistently autocratic features) of a polity is a necessary condition for the lengthy persistence of that polity. The second explanation, a functionalist argument, holds that regimes change because they do not perform properly. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that the cumulation of performance crises (that is, any combination of high mass illegitimacy, high mass strife, and low decisional efficacy) of a polity is a sufficient condition for its quick demise. These two rival explanations of regime change are not mutually exclusive. Hence, we attempt a synthesis of the structuralist and functionalist arguments by suggesting two further hypotheses: that the coherence in authority relations and noncumulation of performance crises in a polity are necessary and sufficient conditions for the lengthy persistence of that polity; and, that the incoherence in authority relations and cumulation of performance crises in a polity are necessary and sufficient conditions for the quick demise of that polity. Evidence gathered from 25 polities provides striking confirmation of all four hypotheses.
Environment and Party Decentralization
Authors: Harmel Robert
Published: January 2017

Based on data from the International Comparative Political Parties Project, this article reports an assessment of the importance of environmental factors in explaining the vertical decentralization of power within national political parties. The findings from exploratory regression analyses and, especially, from analysis-of-variance, suggest that much of the cross-national variance in party decentralization may indeed be explained by environmental factors. Special attention is paid to the system-level factors of country size, type of polity (democratic or autocratic), vertical and horizontal distributions of power within the polity, sectionalism, and social heterogeneity.
Growth Performance and Forecasts of Exports of Leather Industry in Punjab
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev , Kumar Gulshan
Published: January 2017

The present paper aims at measuring the performance of exports of leather industry by computing yearly and compound annual growth rates, making short-term forecasts and measurement of long-term trends. Long-term trends in exports were captured by fitting ten distinct functional forms and equation of best fit was selected on the basis of yardsticks mentioned in the econometric literature. Forecasts of exports were prepared for the lead-time of five years by using Double Exponential Smoothing. Econometric benchmarks were used to test reliability and adequacy of the fitted model. The findings have been supplemented with necessary recommendations.
Managing Global Competitiveness
Authors: Sarkar A.N.
Published: January 2017

With the phenomenal growth in Indian economy – particularly in past one decade, following the processes of globalization and economic liberalization, India is now better poised to integrate the national economy with the Asian economy on one hand – the global economy, on the other. Whereas, the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum points towards a huge potential for Indian all-round economic growth along with other BRIC's and Asian nations in the next decade, India has still to go a long way to catch-up with the developed economies; especially in terms of creation of industrial and social infrastructure, alternate energy, R&D, HRD, etc. An attempt has been made in the paper to make a comprehensive review and in-depth analysis of performances of various sectors of the economy where India has demonstrated global leadership, namely in Telecom and ITeS, Textiles, Gems & Jewllery, Automotive Engineering, Manufacturing, Pharma, Biotechnology, Agribusiness, Retails, Oil & Natural Gas, Energy & Power, Infrastructure, Banking & Insurance, Medico-Tourism, Hospitality, Entertainment & Media, Technical & Management Education, etc. with a view to suggesting future strategies to be globally competitive.
Environmental Compliance of Indian Leather Firms in the Post-WTO Period
Authors: Chakraborty Debashis
Published: January 2017

India is one of the major exporters of leather products. However, the exporting firms need to conform to a number of environment-related compliance requirements in foreign markets, which function as a major barrier. For instance, the introduction of the German ban on import of leather products with traces of PCP and azo dyes in late nineties has been followed by similar product and process related standards in other developed countries like the US. The outward-orientation of Indian leather sector firms has gone up over the years, accompanied by rising degree of environmental compliance for exporting units. The objective of the current paper is to analyze the determinants of environmental expense of leather firms in India in the period following the imposition of the stringent environmental standard through an empirical model. The findings underline the reverse relationship between environmental compliance and export orientation, but positive relationship with firm size and ownership structure. The result indicates that smaller players may encounter problems in undertaking of the compliance expenditures, which requires policy intervention.

JEL Classifications: L67, F18
From Here to Autonomy
Authors: Endsley Mica R.
Published: January 2017

As autonomous and semiautonomous systems are developed for automotive, aviation, cyber, robotics and other applications, the ability of human operators to effectively oversee and interact with them when needed poses a significant challenge. An automation conundrum exists in which as more autonomy is added to a system, and its reliability and robustness increase, the lower the situation awareness of human operators and the less likely that they will be able to take over manual control when needed. The human–autonomy systems oversight model integrates several decades of relevant autonomy research on operator situation awareness, out-of-the-loop performance problems, monitoring, and trust, which are all major challenges underlying the automation conundrum. Key design interventions for improving human performance in interacting with autonomous systems are integrated in the model, including human–automation interface features and central automation interaction paradigms comprising levels of automation, adaptive automation, and granularity of control approaches. Recommendations for the design of human–autonomy interfaces are presented and directions for future research discussed.
Development of Design Criteria for Intelligence Display Formats
Authors: Hitt W. D. , Schutz H. G. , Christner C. A. , Ray H. W. , Coffey L. J.
Published: January 2017

A broad research program to develop design criteria for intelligence display formats is outlined and the general findings of the program are discussed. Five specific areas of investigation are selected for study: a comparison of vertical and horizontal arrangements of alpha-numeric material, an evaluation of formats for trend displays, an evaluation of methods for presentation of graphic multiple trends, an evaluation of five abstract coding methods, and an evaluation of the effect of selected combinations of target and background coding on map reading performance. The five succeeding articles treat the five areas of investigation in detail.
A Systems Task Used in the Stress Testing of Special Mission Personnel
Authors: Mckenzie Richard E.
Published: January 2017

One aspect of a psychologic evaluation program for special mission personnel was structured within a concept of competing tasks, requiring two operator signal-display sources. One source produced an array of discrete, discontinuous signals. The other produced a continuous input for the operator to monitor and process. The evaluation was made with reference to the performance of an “ideal” subject. The results indicate that a criterion group of those finally selected for the special mission was better able to adapt to the two competing tasks and was less susceptible to the signal/noise ambiguity and the induced task stress than the special mission personnel group as a whole.
Driving at Requested Speed: Comparison of Projected and Virtual Image Displays
Authors: Barrett Gerald V. , Kobayashi Minoru , Fox Bernard H.
Published: January 2017

Using projected image and virtual image displays in a driving simulator, a study was completed on drivers' ability to drive at five experimenter-requested speeds. No differences were found between the two display techniques. However, the use of both displays resulted in speed over-estimation above 30 mph.
Single and Dual Axis Tracking as a Function of Systems Dynamics
Authors: Ziegler Peter N.
Published: January 2017

Single axis manual tracking was compared to dual axis tracking for zero, first, second and third order dynamics. Tracking error on the original axis was significantly degraded for first, second and third order dynamics with no difference occurring for zero order. The results seem to indicate that the operator's information handling capacity becomes overloaded as the system order increases resulting in a decrement of performance.
Educational Interaction between Africa and the West
Authors: Wilson David Gordon
Published: January 2017

In the inevitable interactions between an African culture based largely on tribal patterns and on agricultural subsistence and a nationalistic Western culture based largely on complex technologies, there is bound to be pain. Whether or not the West tries to meet the aspirations of Africa, the actions of the West can be classed as interference. Yet we have no choice but to interfere, and to help, and no way is more effective than education. To educate Africans in the West in techniques so specialized they will not be of any use if the student returns home is, in some aspects, immoral. We should concentrate on helping African schools and universities to handle the whole educational needs of their own countries.
The Problem of U.S. Civilian Human Factors Data
Authors: Christian John F.
Published: January 2017

The interest of the National Bureau of Standards in human factors data was sketched out in the context of the national need. An offer was made to host at NBS a meeting of interested parties to examine this need and identify a course of action. The HFS was invited to help organize the meeting.
The Role of Human Factors in Rural India
Authors: Saran Chitaranjan
Published: January 2017

Scope and prospects of work in the field of human factors in rural India are discussed. Modifications in technology for its adaptation to the needs of the native society are important. A man-powered grain harvester designed to satisfy these needs is discussed. Various individuals and organizations interested in different disciplines of human factors in India are listed. These individuals and organizations could act as a nucleus for much broader work in the field.
The Work of Industrial Psychologists in the Central Labour Institute, India
Authors: Maule H. G.
Published: January 2017

This paper has selected from the major publications of the psychology division of the Central Labour Institute those that illustrate the range of the work of government psychologists in Indian industry. Much of the day to day work does not lead to full investigation or published report. There is a stream of enquiry from industry, and the topics include the introduction of training programmes, the reasons for early retirement from a mining undertaking and the problems of job evaluation. Psychologists have collaborated with physiologists in studies on the seasonal work load in the textile industry and fruitful partnerships between the different disciplines is developing within the Central Labour Institute. Such a range of professional training directed towards industrial proficiency and occupational wellbeing may well offer a pattern equally appropriate to developing as to highly advanced industrial societies.
The Organisation and Conduct of a World Health Organisation Inter-Regional Course on Ergonomics for Developing Countries
Authors: Singleton William T. , Whitfield David
Published: January 2017

The objectives, structure, and organisation of the course, for representatives of occupational health services in developing countries, are described. The current relevance of ergonomics to developing countries is discussed, and is reflected in the three sections of the course: anatomical and physiological aspects, psychological aspects, and techniques for human factors studies. A set of recommendations for the future of ergonomics in developing countries was adopted by the course participants, and is reproduced in full.
The Human Engineer as an Agent of Change in Industrializing Nations
Authors: Van Cott Harold P. , Spector Paul
Published: January 2017

Social change is a learning process in which motivation, information and reinforcement are important variables. The human engineer can help design social action experiments both to induce change and to assess the effectiveness of alternative social change methods. A theory of social change is outlined and an action experiment is described to test the theory. The experiment uses communications media (e. g., television, radio, etc.) to reach remote communities, stimulate and reinforce change, and teach the behaviors necessary for change.
Analysis of Test Specimens for Interlaminar Mode II Fracture Toughness, Part 2. Effects of Adhesive Layers and Material Nonlinearities
Authors: Chatterjee Sailendra N.
Published: January 2017

Approximate and exact elastic stress analyses are reported for end-notched flexure tests for mode II fracture toughness specimens made of composite laminates with adhesive interlayers. Based on the results approximate expressions are given for data analysis by fitting compliance versus delamination length data or for direct computation of energy release rates. Effects of elastoplastic interlaminar shear response or sub-critical microcracking type interlaminar damage are also studied. Sizes of plastic or damage zones are estimated which will be useful for choosing specimen dimensions.