bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmentally friendly assessment of ecological quality of watercourses based on banded demoiselle, Calopteryx splendens
Authors: Simon Edina , Kolozsvári István , Dévai György , Illár Máté , Szalay Petra Éva , Miskolczi Margit , Tóthmérész Béla
Published: February 2024

Dragonflies and damselflies are excellent bioindicators of the quality of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In our study, we assessed the usefulness of metric and meristic morphological traits as environmentally friendly and cost‐effective indicators of the integrative ecological quality of watercourses. Our study species of choice was the damselfly banded demoiselle, Calopteryx splendens (Harris) (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Adult C. splendens specimens were collected at three study sites along the trophic gradient of the Tisza River in Hungary and Ukraine. Body and abdomen length, head width, and distances between wing landmarks were assessed as metric traits, and the number of wing cells as meristic traits. The concentration of chlorophyll‐a was used to classify the three study sites into having a low, intermediate, and high trophic condition based on earlier studies. Significant differences were found along the trophic gradient based on the measured metric and meristic traits. Especially, insects from the site with the highest trophic condition had the largest body length, head width, and distances between wing landmarks, as well as the highest number of cells in the fore wings. There were also differences between males and females, but we did not find differences in fluctuating asymmetry (FA), i.e., differences between the left and the right wings. These results indicated that the morphological traits of adult banded demoiselles could be indicative of the environmental quality of a watercourse.
Sources of prey availability data alter interpretation of outputs from prey choice null networks
Authors: Cuff Jordan P. , Tercel Maximillian P. T. G. , Windsor Fredric M. , Hawthorne Ben S. J. , Hambäck Peter A. , Bell James R. , Symondson William O. C. , Vaughan Ian P.
Published: February 2024

Null models provide a valuable baseline against which fundamental ecological hypotheses can be tested and foraging choices that cannot be explained by neutral processes or sampling biases can be highlighted. In this way, null models can advance our understanding beyond simplistic dietary descriptions to identify drivers of interactions. This method, however, requires estimates of resource availability, which are generally imperfect representations of highly dynamic systems. Optimising method selection is crucial for study design, but the precise effects of different resource availability data on the efficacy of null models are poorly understood.

Using spider–prey networks as a model, we used prey abundance (suction sample) and activity density (sticky trap) data, and combinations of the two, to simulate null networks. We compared null diet composition, network properties (e.g., connectance and nestedness) and deviations of simulations from metabarcoding‐based spider dietary data to ascertain how different prey availability data alter ecological interpretation.

Different sampling methods produced different null networks and inferred distinct prey selectivity. Null models based on prey abundance and combined frequency‐of‐occurrence data generated null diet compositions, which more closely resembled the diet composition determined by metabarcoding. Null models based on prey abundance, activity density and proportionally combined data generated null network properties most like the networks constructed via dietary metabarcoding.

We show that survey method choice impacts all aspects of null network analyses, the precise effects varying between methods but ultimately altering ecological interpretation by increasing disparity in network properties or trophic niches between null and directly constructed networks. Merging datasets can generate more complete prey availability data but is not a panacea because it introduces different biases. The choice of method should reflect the research hypotheses and study system being investigated. Ultimately, survey methods should emulate the foraging mode of the focal predator as closely as possible, informed by the known ecology, natural history and behaviour of the predator.
Revisiting the relationships between leadership and job satisfaction
Authors: Kauppila Olli‐Pekka
Published: February 2024

Most studies in management and leadership argue that employees' job satisfaction is higher when they have a competent leader who provides social support and expects high performance. However, based on research on job attitudes, we could also draw very different conclusions, such that employees observe and judge their leaders from different attitudinal viewpoints, depending on whether they are satisfied or dissatisfied with their jobs. This study explicitly investigates whether job satisfaction functions as an antecedent or an outcome of employees' experiences of leader behavior. Utilizing a cross‐lagged panel design with two data‐collection points, we analyzed a sample of 638 individuals working across 34 organizations in Finland. Our findings underscore that the positive associations between employees' job satisfaction and favorable perceptions of leaders' behavior are primarily driven by job satisfaction itself. In light of these results, we introduce the “Job Attitude–Interpretation Model of Leader Perceptions,” offering valuable insights into how job satisfaction acts as an attitudinal lens that biases employees' evaluative judgments about their leaders.
Morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) postprocessing in MRI‐negative patients with first unprovoked seizure
Authors: Tsalouchidou Panagiota‐Eleni , Hoffmann Johanna , Strehlau Sascha , Linka Louise , Belke Marcus , Habermehl Lena , Schulze Maximilian , Kemmling André , Menzler Katja , Knake Susanne
Published: February 2024

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefits of morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) postprocessing in patients presenting with a first seizure and negative MRI results and to investigate these findings in the context of the clinical and electroencephalographic data, seizure recurrence rates, and epilepsy diagnosis in these patients.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 97 MRI scans of patients with first unprovoked epileptic seizure and no evidence of epileptogenic lesion on clinical routine MRI. Morphometric Analysis Program (MAP; v2018), automated postprocessing software, was used to identify subtle, potentially epileptogenic lesions in the three‐dimensional T1‐weighted MRI data. The resulting probability maps were examined together with the conventional MRI images by a reviewer who remained blinded to the patients' clinical and electroencephalographical data. Clinical data were prospectively collected between February 2018 and May 2023.

Results

Among the apparently MRI‐negative patients, a total of 18 of 97 (18.6%) showed cortical changes suggestive of focal cortical dysplasia. Within the population with positive MAP findings (MAP+), seizure recurrence rates were 61.1% and 66.7% at 1 and 2 years after the first unprovoked seizure, respectively. Conversely, patients with negative MAP findings (MAP−) had lower seizure recurrence rates of 27.8% and 34.2% at 1 and 2 years after the first unprovoked seizure, respectively. Patients with MAP+ findings were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with epilepsy than those patients with MAP− findings (χ2 [1, n = 97] = 14.820, p < .001, odds ratio = 21.371, 95% CI = 2.710–168.531) during a mean follow‐up time of 22.51 months (SD = 16.7 months, range = 1–61 months).

Significance

MRI postprocessing can be a valuable tool for detecting subtle epileptogenic lesions in patients with a first seizure and negative MRI results. Patients with first seizure and MAP+ findings had high seizure recurrence rates, meeting the criteria for beginning epilepsy.
A multi‐label social short text classification method based on contrastive learning and improved ml‐KNN
Authors: Tian Gang , Wang Jiachang , Wang Rui , Zhao Guangxin , He Cheng
Published: February 2024

Short texts on social platforms often have the problems of diverse categories and semantic sparsity, making it challenging to identify the diverse intentions of users. To address this issue, this article proposes a multi‐label social short text classification method (IML‐CL) based on contrastive learning and improved ml‐KNN. First, a contrastive learning approach is employed to train a multi‐label text classification model. This approach improves semantic sparsity by leveraging the knowledge from the existing samples to enrich the feature representation of short texts. Simultaneously, an improved ml‐KNN algorithm is developed to enhance the accuracy of label prediction. This algorithm utilizes a two‐layer nearest neighbor rule and introduces a penalty function and weight optimization. Next, the model generates the feature representation for the test sample and predicts its label. Additionally, the improved ml‐KNN algorithm retrieves neighbors of the test sample and uses their label information for prediction. Finally, the two predictions are combined to obtain the final prediction, which accurately identifies the user's intention. The experimental results demonstrate that, on the dataset constructed in this article, the IML‐CL method effectively boosts the performance of the baseline model.
In silico identification of chikungunya virus replication inhibitor validated using biochemical and cell‐based approaches
Authors: Chaudhary Meenakshi , Kumar Akash , Bala Sharma Kiran , Vrati Sudhanshu , Sehgal Deepak
Published: February 2024

Discovering an alternative therapy with a long‐lasting effect on symptoms caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is prompted by the lack of a vaccine and the absence of safe, effective and non‐toxic medications. One potential strategy is synthesizing or identifying small compounds that can specifically target the active site of an essential enzyme and prevent virus replication. Previous site‐directed mutagenesis studies have demonstrated the crucial role of the macrodomain, which is a part of non‐structural protein 3 (nsP3), in virus replication. Exploiting this fact, the macrodomain can be targeted to discover a natural substance that can inhibit its function and thereby impede virus replication. With this aim, the present study focused on potential CHIKV nsP3 macrodomain (nsP3MD) inhibitors through in silico, in vitro and cell‐based methods. Through virtual screening of the natural compound library, nine nsP3MD inhibitors were initially identified. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to evaluate these nine compounds based on the stability of their ligand–receptor complexes and energy parameters. Target analysis and ADMET (i.e. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) prediction of the selected compounds revealed their drug‐like characteristics. Subsequent in vitro investigation allowed us to narrow the selection down to one compound, N‐[2‐(5‐methoxy‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl) ethyl]‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline‐4‐carboxamide, which exhibited potent inhibition of CHIKV growth. This molecule effectively inhibited CHIKV replication in the stable embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line capable of producing CHIKV. Our findings demonstrate that the selected compound possesses substantial anti‐CHIKV nsP3MD activity both in vitro and in vivo. This work provides a promising molecule for further preclinical studies to develop a potential drug against the CHIKV.
Historical cisco Coregonus artedi population collapses in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, during the 1950s
Authors: Rook Benjamin J. , Kao Yu‐Chun , Eshenroder Randy L. , Bronte Charles R. , Muir Andrew M.
Published: February 2024

Coregonus populations across their Holarctic range have often undergone unexplained collapses. Here, we document causes of collapse for two of the largest Coregonus populations in the world, cisco (C. artedi) in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, during the 1950s. We used simulation models, rank‐order correlations, and historical literature to evaluate effects of overfishing, interactions with introduced rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and overwinter bottom hypoxia on both cisco populations. Fully selected exploitation rates for cisco were alarmingly high (0.82–0.84), correlations and anecdotal evidence suggested negative interactions with rainbow smelt, and extensive areas of hypoxia coincident with cisco declines suggested incubation of cisco embryos was impaired regionally. Our findings suggested that negative effects of rainbow smelt were mainly responsible for the cisco population collapse in Green Bay and that overfishing and hypoxia had suppressed the Saginaw Bay cisco population before rainbow smelt caused its final collapse.
Vital root resection with radicular retrograde partial pulpotomy in furcation‐involved maxillary molars in patients with periodontitis: Technique description and case series considering clinical and economic aspects
Authors: Ciardo Antonio , Rampf Sarah , Kim Ti‐Sun
Published: February 2024

Aim

Conventional root resection in periodontally compromised furcation‐involved maxillary molars requires preceding endodontic treatment and is therefore associated with loss of tooth vitality, higher invasiveness, treatment time and costs, and the risk of endodontic complications. Vital root resection (VRR) could overcome these disadvantages while establishing stable periodontal and endodontic conditions. This case series aimed to introduce the concept of one‐stage VRR with radicular retrograde partial pulpotomy (VRRretro).

Seven vital maxillary molars with residual probing pocket depths (PPD) ≥ 6 mm and furcation ≥ class 2 of five patients with stage III/IV periodontitis were treated with VRRretro using mineral trioxide aggregate. Teeth with residual through‐and‐through furcations were additionally tunnelled. Follow‐up up to 2.5 years postoperatively during supportive periodontal care included full periodontal status, percussion and thermal sensitivity testing. Periapical radiographs were obtained to rule out possible periradicular radiolucencies. All seven treated molars were in‐situ at an average of 26.84 ± 5.37 months postoperatively and were clinically and radiographically inconspicuous independent of tooth position, the resected root, the need for tunnelling and the restorative status. The mean PPD on the seven treated molars was 4.02 ± 0.85 mm (6–10 mm) preoperatively and 2.62 ± 0.42 mm (3–4 mm) at the last follow‐up. Clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing could also be decreased. The teeth showed no mobility over time and furcations class 2 were reduced to class 1 while the tunnelled furcations were accessible with interdental brushes. All molars reacted negatively to percussion and positively to thermal sensitivity testing.

Key learning points

In carefully selected cases considering patient‐ and tooth‐related factors, VRRretro could be a promising treatment option to establish stable periodontal and endodontic conditions in furcation‐involved maxillary molars while preserving tooth vitality.
Synaptic and resistive switching behaviors of Sm‐doped HfO2 films for bio‐inspired neuromorphic calculations
Authors: Zhu Jian‐Yuan , Liao Jia‐Jia , Feng Jian‐Hao , Jiang Yan‐Ping , Tang Xin‐Gui , Guo Xiao‐Bin , Li Wen‐Hua , Tang Zhen‐Hua , Zhou Yi‐Chun
Published: February 2024

Artificial neural network‐based computing is anticipated to surpass the von Neumann bottleneck of traditional computers, thus dramatically boosting computational efficiency and showing a wide range of promising applications. In this paper, sol−gel deposition was used to prepare thin films of samarium‐doped hafnium dioxide (Sm:HfO2). When Sm is doped at a concentration of 4%, it mimics biological synapses; meantime, by voltage scanning, an obvious mimicry of resistive switching can be detected, demonstrating that the technology may be applied to simulate biological synapse characteristics, including long‐term potentiation (depression), short‐term potentiation (depression), paired‐pulse facilitation, and learning rules of spike‐time‐dependent plasticity. Additionally, a pulsed neural network is built on the MNIST dataset to test the memristor's capacity to handle visual input. The findings show the possibility of synthetic synapses in artificial intelligence systems that integrate neuromorphic computing with synaptic brain activity.
On the Inversion‐Free Newton's Method and Its Applications
Authors: Chau Huy N. , Kirkby J. Lars , Nguyen Dang H. , Nguyen Duy , Nguyen Nhu N. , Nguyen Thai
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we survey the recent development of inversion‐free Newton's method, which directly avoids computing the inversion of Hessian, and demonstrate its applications in estimating parameters of models such as linear and logistic regression. A detailed review of existing methodology is provided, along with comparisons of various competing algorithms. We provide numerical examples that highlight some deficiencies of existing approaches, and demonstrate how the inversion‐free methods can improve performance. Motivated by recent works in literature, we provide a unified subsampling framework that can be combined with the inversion‐free Newton's method to estimate model parameters including those of linear and logistic regression. Numerical examples are provided for illustration.
Correlation between patient satisfaction and color changes after tooth bleaching
Authors: Jiang Neng‐wu , Cheng Yi‐ling , Huang Huo‐lian , Zhong Bing‐jie , Bi Wei , Yu Hao
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between patient satisfaction of outcomes and tooth color changes during and after tooth bleaching.

Methods

In this clinical trial, 63 volunteers participated in an in‐office bleaching procedure using a 40% hydrogen peroxide gel. The treatment consisted of two sessions, each comprising two 30‐min applications of the bleaching gel. The L*, a*, and b* values of six maxillary anterior teeth were measured at baseline (T1), after the first bleaching session (T2), after the second bleaching session (T3), 1 week after the second in‐office bleaching session (T4), and 3 weeks after the second in‐office bleaching session (T5). The color differences (ΔE00) were calculated using CIEDE2000. A satisfaction scale with a score ranging from 0 to 3 was used to record participants' level of satisfaction with their tooth color at each time point. The data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and logistic regression (α = 0.05).

Results

Significant correlations were observed between ΔL*, Δb*, and ΔE00 values at T3 and patient satisfaction (all p < 0.05). The regression model indicated a more pronounced impact of Δb* on patient satisfaction compared to ΔL*. The established regression models were as follows: Logit (PL*b*) = −4.354 + 0.271ΔL* − 0.585Δb* and Logit (PΔE00) = −2.552 + 0.521ΔE00. The findings suggested a minimum ΔE00 value of 4.90 for satisfactory results. A minimum ΔE00 value of 3.9, 5.0, and 6.8 was necessary for central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines, respectively, to achieve a satisfactory result.

Conclusions

The ΔL*, Δb*, and ΔE00 values were found to be significantly correlated with patient satisfaction after bleaching. Δb* was identified as having a greater influence on patient satisfaction than ΔL* values in the regression model. Furthermore, attaining a minimum ΔE00 value of 4.90 is necessary to achieve satisfactory outcomes. A greater ΔE00 value is needed for canines than for incisors to achieve equivalent patient satisfaction.

Clinical Significance

This study emphasizes the importance of considering the extent of color change needed to achieve patient satisfaction after tooth bleaching procedures.
Postnatal changes in thyroid cartilage shape and cartilage matrix composition are not synchronized in Mus musculus
Authors: Coyne Megan , Dellafaille Jolien , Riede Tobias
Published: February 2024

The study was conducted to quantify laryngeal cartilage matrix composition and to investigate its relationship with cartilage shape in a mouse model. A sample of 30 mice (CD‐1 mouse, Mus musculus) from five age groups (postnatal Days 2, 21, 90, 365, and 720) were used. Three‐dimensional mouse laryngeal thyroid cartilage reconstructions were generated from contrast‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography (CT) image stacks. Cartilage matrix composition was estimated as Hounsfield units (HU). HU were determined by overlaying 3D reconstructions as masks on micro‐CT image stacks and then measuring the attenuation. Cartilage shape was quantified with landmarks placed on the surface of the thyroid cartilage. Shape differences between the five age groups were analyzed using geometric morphometrics and multiparametric analysis of landmarks. The relationship between HU and shape was investigated with correlational analyses. Among five age groups, HU became higher in older animals. The shape of the thyroid cartilage changes with age throughout the entire life of a mouse. The changes in shape were not synchronized with changes in cartilage matrix composition. The thyroid cartilage of young and old M. musculus larynx showed a homogenous mineralization pattern. High‐resolution contrast‐enhanced micro‐CT imaging makes the mouse larynx accessible for analysis of genetic and environmental factors affecting shape and matrix composition.
Symptoms and need for individualised support during the first year after primary treatment for breast cancer—A qualitative study
Authors: Rooth Kristina , Sundberg Kay , Gustavell Tina , Langius‐Eklöf Ann , Gellerstedt Linda
Published: February 2024

Background

The survival rate among patients with breast cancer is high. It is well described that after primary treatment patients may experience symptoms and concerns but the needs and resources during the first year to manage everyday life are not well described.

Aim

To describe experiences of symptom distress, needs and support during the first year after primary treatment for breast cancer from the perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals.

Design

Qualitative descriptive.

Methods

Data collection through individual interviews with patients (n = 17) and a focus group interview with healthcare professionals (n = 7). Data was analysed using thematic analysis and resulted in three themes.

Results

The first theme, ‘Struggling with symptoms and changes in everyday life’ shows how symptoms and concerns interfered with the everyday life of patients and in some situations even impeded them. Patients try to adapt to their new situation by creating new routines and managing symptoms through self‐care. The second theme, ‘Adaption in a period of uncertainty’ describes thoughts about cancer recurrence and doubts about continuing with the endocrine therapy if symptoms prolong. In the third theme, ‘Support and need for individualized follow‐up care’ healthcare professionals described that they provide support by being available and by giving both verbal and written information. Patients expressed that the information could be too general and voiced a need for more individually tailored support.

Conclusion

During the first year after primary treatment, patients with breast cancer describe how they try to manage by themselves, but express both unmet needs and a wish for extended and more individually tailored support. The healthcare professionals recognised that patients lack a structured plan for the first year and the need for continued support. This stresses a need for development of care models with special consideration towards individualised support after breast cancer treatment.

No Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public involvement in the design or conduct of the study. The interview study was not considered to benefit from involving patients or healthcare professionals when designing the interview guides as they were developed through literature and previous research of patients treated for breast cancer.
Immediate dentoalveolar restoration (IDR) of central maxillary incisor using sinus lateral wall block graft to regenerate loss of facial and palatal bone: Literature review and 1 year follow‐up
Authors: Zaninovich Michael , da Rosa José Carlos Martins , Drago Carl
Published: February 2024

Replacement of missing or hopeless teeth in the esthetic zone is one of dentistry's most critical challenges. In the past, multiple surgical procedures have been needed to reconstruct compromised extraction sites. The surgeries have been associated with long healing times and increased morbidity, all the while patients are using either fixed or removable interim restorations. The procedures identified in this paper minimize surgical operating times, healing times, and delays in obtaining definitive restorations by combining multiple surgical procedures in one visit. The procedures are technique sensitive. This particular patient has been followed for 1 year post‐operatively with clinical photographs and CBCT scans. Excellent clinical results were obtained. Benefits and limitations of the procedures have also been identified.
Influence of exposure protocol, voxel size, and artifact removal algorithm on the trueness of segmentation utilizing an artificial‐intelligence‐based system
Authors: Alrashed Safa , Dutra Vinicius , Chu Tien‐Min G. , Yang Chao‐Chieh , Lin Wei‐Shao
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of exposure protocol, voxel sizes, and artifact removal algorithms on the trueness of segmentation in various mandible regions using an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based system.

Materials and methods

Eleven dry human mandibles were scanned using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner under differing exposure protocols (standard and ultra‐low), voxel sizes (0.15 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.45 mm), and with or without artifact removal algorithm. The resulting datasets were segmented using an AI‐based system, exported as 3D models, and compared to reference files derived from a white‐light laboratory scanner. Deviation measurement was performed using a computer‐aided design (CAD) program and recorded as root mean square (RMS). The RMS values were used as a representation of the trueness of the AI‐segmented 3D models. A 4‐way ANOVA was used to assess the impact of voxel size, exposure protocol, artifact removal algorithm, and location on RMS values (α = 0.05).

Results

Significant effects were found with voxel size (p < 0.001) and location (p < 0.001), but not with exposure protocol (p = 0.259) or artifact removal algorithm (p = 0.752). Standard exposure groups had significantly lower RMS values than the ultra‐low exposure groups in the mandible body with 0.3 mm (p = 0.014) or 0.45 mm (p < 0.001) voxel sizes, the symphysis with a 0.45 mm voxel size (p = 0.011), and the whole mandible with a 0.45 mm voxel size (p = 0.001). Exposure protocol did not affect RMS values at teeth and alveolar bone (p = 0.544), mandible angles (p = 0.380), condyles (p = 0.114), and coronoids (p = 0.806) locations.

Conclusion

This study informs optimal exposure protocol and voxel size choices in CBCT imaging for true AI‐based automatic segmentation with minimal radiation. The artifact removal algorithm did not influence the trueness of AI segmentation. When using an ultra‐low exposure protocol to minimize patient radiation exposure in AI segmentations, a voxel size of 0.15 mm is recommended, while a voxel size of 0.45 mm should be avoided.
Can't read my broker face?—Tracing a motif and metaphor of expert knowledge through audiovisual images of the financial crisis
Authors: Scherer Thomas , Stratil Jasper
Published: February 2024

Based on the question of the representability of economy and economics in audiovisual media, developments on the financial markets have often been discussed as a depiction problem. The abstractness and complexity of economic interrelations seem to defy classical modes of storytelling and dramatization. Nevertheless, public opinion about economic changes and dependencies crucially relies on audiovisual media. But how can the public communicate in images, sounds, and words about forces that are out of sight and out of reach, and can supposedly only be adequately grasped by experts? In a case study on audiovisual images of the global financial crisis (2007–), this paper tracks and analyzes a recurring motif: the staging of expert knowledge as close‐ups of expressive faces vis‐à‐vis computer screens in television news, documentaries, as well as feature films. It draws on the use of digital tools for corpus exploration (reverse image search) and the visualization of video annotations. By relating and comparing different staging strategies by which these “broker faces” become embodiments of turbulent market dynamics, the paper proposes to not regard them as repeated instantiations of the same metaphor, but as a developing web of cinematic metaphors. Different perspectives (news of market developments or historical accounts of crisis developments) and affective stances toward the global financial crisis are expressed in these variations of the face‐screen constellation. The paper thus presents a selection of different appearances of “broker faces” as a medium for an audiovisual discourse of the global financial crisis. A concluding analysis of a scene from Margin Call focuses on its specific intertwining of expert and screen as an ambivalent movement figuration of staging insight. Between the feeling of discovery (of a potential future threat) and the sense of being haunted (by a menacing force), the film stages the emergence of a “broker face” in an atmospheric tension between suspense and melancholy. We argue that the film thereby reframes the motif and poses questions of agency, temporality, and expert knowledge.
Perceptions of nurses on the scope of culturally competent care in critical care: A qualitative study
Authors: Červený Martin , Balounová Lucie , Kratochvílová Inka , Doležalová Jitka , Tóthová Valérie
Published: February 2024

Background

The cultural competence of nurses is crucial in providing nursing care for patients from different cultures. The absence of cultural competence can negatively impact the entire course of care; however, implementing cultural competence in critical care unit can be complicated.

Aim

This study aimed to determine nurses' perceptions regarding cultural competence in critical care units.

Study Design

This study used a qualitative design with semi‐structured interviews with nurses (n = 10) working in critical unites. Data were collected from February to June 2022 and then categorized and evaluated. Atlas.ti was used for the inductive thematic content analysis.

Results

Three key areas identified were as follows: (1) nurses and culturally competent care in critical care, (2) cultural challenges in practice and (3) suggestions for improving culturally competent care. The participants expressed that culturally competent care in critical care units has specific limitations because of the nature of the intensive care units (ICUs). Additional learning included opportunities to improve culturally competent care, such as raising cultural awareness, developing language skills and promoting culturally competent care.

Conclusions

Providing culturally competent care in critical care units is an understudied area. Identifying barriers and cultural challenges is one strategy nurses can use to improve culturally competent ICU care.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Creating cultural awareness by training nurses in their own culture, in cultural diversity, and in overcoming prejudices and stereotypes is an essential step towards increasing cultural competence. Understanding nurses' perceptions on this topic can provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for providing culturally sensitive care in a critical care setting.
Associating UAS images through a graph‐based guiding strategy for boosting structure from motion
Authors: Cheng Min‐Lung , Fujita Yuji , Kuramoto Yasutaka , Miura Hiroyuki , Matsuoka Masashi
Published: February 2024

Structure from motion (SfM) using optical images has been an important prerequisite for reconstructing three‐dimensional (3D) landforms. Although various algorithms have been developed in the past, they suffer from many image pairs for feature matching and recursive searching for the most suitable image to add to SfM reconstruction. Thus, carrying out SfM is computationally costly. This research proposes a boosting SfM (B‐SfM) pipeline containing two phases, indexing graph network (IGN) and graph tracking, to accelerate SfM reconstruction. The IGN intends to form image pairs presenting desirable spatial correlation to reduce the time costs spent for feature matching. Building on the IGN, graph tracking integrates ant colony optimisation and greedy sorting algorithms to encode an optimum image sequence to boost SfM reconstruction. Compared to the results derived from other available means, the experimental results show that the proposed approach can accelerate the two phases, feature matching and 3D reconstruction, by up to 14 times faster. The quality of the camera poses recovered is retained or even slightly improved. As a result, the developed B‐SfM can efficiently achieve SfM reconstruction by suppressing the time cost in the fashion of image pair selection for feature matching and image order determination for more efficient SfM reconstruction.
Human factors considerations in distance simulation: A nominal group technique application
Authors: Bajwa Maria , Herx‐Weaver Anne , Baily Shannon , Ray Jessica , Park Yoon Soo , Palaganas Janice , Ahmed Rami
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The pandemic‐driven surge in global distance simulation (DS) adoption highlighted the need for effective educator training. A literature search identified the gap regarding human factors (HF) considerations for the professional development of DS practitioners. This study addresses this gap by applying HF principles to guide educators in developing and delivering evidence‐based DS.

Methods

This was a consensus‐gathering, three‐phase study using the nominal group technique (NGT) in the first phase, qualitative thematic analysis with member checking in the second phase and external expert opinion in the third. A dichotomised approach was used to divide the post‐consensus discussion survey results into an agreement and non‐agreement for quantitative analysis.

Results

The results of the quantitative analysis identified the following needs: developing a conceptual framework for DS, tailoring the technical aspect to the educational objectives, investigating learner engagement, training faculty at an earlier stage and identifying at‐risk students. Qualitative results identified primary themes of technology, people and outcome measurements. Key aspects of technology were identified as system‐ and programme‐fit and resource considerations. Outcome measurement highlights the need for increased measurement and research at all levels of DS.

Discussion

Specific HF focal points include human–technology interaction and learning outcome assessment within the DS context. Incorporating HF principles throughout the DS process, from inception to outcome evaluation, promises substantial benefits for both learners and educators. This approach empowers both learners and educators, fostering a dynamic and enriched educational environment and improved learning experiences.
STAMENLESS1 activates SUPERWOMAN 1 and FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER 1 to control floral organ identities and meristem fate in rice
Authors: Zhuang Hui , Li Yu‐Huan , Zhao Xiao‐Yu , Zhi Jing‐Ya , Chen Hao , Lan Jin‐Song , Luo Ze‐Jiang , Qu Yan‐Rong , Tang Jun , Peng Han‐Ping , Li Tian‐Ye , Zhu Si‐Ying , Jiang Tao , He Guang‐Hua , Li Yun‐Feng
Published: February 2024

Floral patterns are unique to rice and contribute significantly to its reproductive success. SL1 encodes a C2H2 transcription factor that plays a critical role in flower development in rice, but the molecular mechanism regulated by it remains poorly understood. Here, we describe interactions of the SL1 with floral homeotic genes, SPW1, and DL in specifying floral organ identities and floral meristem fate. First, the sl1 spw1 double mutant exhibited a stamen‐to‐pistil transition similar to that of sl1, spw1, suggesting that SL1 and SPW1 may located in the same pathway regulating stamen development. Expression analysis revealed that SL1 is located upstream of SPW1 to maintain its high level of expression and that SPW1, in turn, activates the B‐class genes OsMADS2 and OsMADS4 to suppress DL expression indirectly. Secondly, sl1 dl displayed a severe loss of floral meristem determinacy and produced amorphous tissues in the third/fourth whorl. Expression analysis revealed that the meristem identity gene OSH1 was ectopically expressed in sl1 dl in the fourth whorl, suggesting that SL1 and DL synergistically terminate the floral meristem fate. Another meristem identity gene, FON1, was significantly decreased in expression in sl1 background mutants, suggesting that SL1 may directly activate its expression to regulate floral meristem fate. Finally, molecular evidence supported the direct genomic binding of SL1 to SPW1 and FON1 and the subsequent activation of their expression. In conclusion, we present a model to illustrate the roles of SL1, SPW1, and DL in floral organ specification and regulation of floral meristem fate in rice.
Acylation stimulating protein/C3adesArg in the metabolic states: role of adipocyte dysfunction in obesity complications
Authors: Rezvani Reza , Shadmand Foumani Moghadam Mohammad Reza , Cianflone Katherine
Published: February 2024

Adipose tissue, as an endocrine organ, secretes several adipocyte‐derived hormones named ‘adipokines’ that are implicated in regulating energy haemostasis. Substantial evidence shows that white adipose tissue‐derived adipokines mediate the link between obesity‐related exogenous factors (like diet and lifestyle) and various biological events (such as pre‐ and postmenopausal status) that have obesity consequences (cardiometabolic disorders). One of the critical aetiological factors for obesity‐related diseases is the dysfunction of adipokine pathways. Acylation‐stimulating protein (ASP) is an adipokine that stimulates triglyceride synthesis and storage in adipose tissue by enhancing glucose and fatty acid uptake. ASP acts via its receptor C5L2. The primary objective of this review is to address the existing gap in the literature regarding ASP by investigating its diverse responses and receptor interactions across multiple determinants of obesity. These determinants include diet composition, metabolic disorders, organ involvement, sex and sex hormone levels. Furthermore, this article explores the broader paradigm shift from solely focusing on adipose tissue mass, which contributes to obesity, to considering the broader implications of adipose tissue function. Additionally, we raise a critical question concerning the clinical relevance of the insights gained from this review, both in terms of potential therapeutic interventions targeting ASP and in the context of preventing obesity‐related conditions, highlighting the potential of the ASP–C5L2 interaction as a pharmacological target. In conclusion, these findings validate that obesity is a low‐grade inflammatory status with multiorgan involvement and sex differences, demonstrating dynamic interactions between immune and metabolic response determinants.

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Color Piel: un proyecto de autorreconocimiento en diálogo con la imagen ilustrada
Authors: Borja Wilson
Published: February 2024

Este es un artículo reflexivo que hace un recorrido por los más de ocho años en los que el proyecto Color Piel ha circulado. Este recopila algunas de las experiencias e itinerancias del proyecto, desde su concepción pasando por cómo muchas personas le han dado vida. El proyecto nace como una reacción al oficio de ilustrador que desempeñé por varios años, cuestiona, entre otras, las representaciones ilustradas de cuerpos racializados en medios impresos, pero con el tiempo se extendió a incluir otro tipo de narrativas.
Dramaturgia antirracista en Blackface y otras vergüenzas, de Silvia Albert Sopale
Authors: Ontiveros Grimaldo José
Published: February 2024

En este trabajo, se analiza el monólogo Blackface y otras vergüenzas, de Silvia Albert Sopale, y estableceremos de qué manera está presente el discurso antirracista en la obra. Para desvelar los motivos que han alentado a la autora a escribirla, utilizaremos la teoría de los motivos y las estrategias, método que parece eficaz para determinar e identificar los aspectos de la realidad que son tratados en la obra. A través de la estrategia del monólogo, la autora cuestiona y denuncia las prácticas racistas que todavía siguen instaladas en la sociedad. Estas “vergüenzas” como el blackface y otras son expuestas por Albert Sopale como hechos ignominiosos perpetrados por el blanco en contra de la población negra. Se explica por qué el monólogo es la mediación estética idónea para que la autora transponga su visión del mundo sobre el racismo.
¿Which Automatic Associations Prevail? Congruency andReverse Priming Effects on Implicit Gender Stereotyping
Authors: Castillo-Mayén Rosario , Montes-Berges Beatriz
Published: February 2024

Objectives

. This study aimed to test whether gender stereotypes remain automatically activated following cues

related to gender, despite years of promoting equality, and how it could correspond with explicit measures.

Method

. Seventy undergraduates performed a sequential priming task, in which the gender categories were

presented subliminally. Culturally speci

fi

c gender stereotypes were used as targets. In addition, other signi

fi

cant

variables related to gender (self-assignment of stereotypes, identity and ideology) were assessed explicitly.

Results

. At

fi

rst, the results showed a non-priming effect, indicating no implicit gender stereotyping. However,

a more detailed observation of the data revealed that participants could be differentiated according to the

effects that appeared: the congruency and the reverse priming effects.

Conclusion.

While gender stereotypes

were automatically activated in Group 1 (positive socres), implicit stereotype inhibition seemed to take place

in Group 2 (negative scores). Egalitarian goal activation is assumed to explain the reverse effect. The activation

of different contents from the same primes emphatically suggests that more effort is needed to develop strong

egalitarian commitments. Results also support the potential dynamic of gender stereotypes, even at an implicit

level.
Application of Natural Language Processing to the Development of Sports Biomechanics in China: A Literature Review of Journal Abstracts in Chinese Between 1980 and 2022
Authors: Zhang Guoying , Fan Yifang
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to explore the field of sports biomechanics in China between 1980 and 2022 in terms of key developments, hot research topics, integration with other disciplines in kinesiology, and future trends by using text mining and natural language processing to analyze abstracts published in Chinese journals. Over 1,400 research paper abstracts were selected and processed, focusing on specific terms, significance, word-cloud analysis, co-occurrence, and network analysis. Results showed that sports biomechanics research focused on sports technical analysis, application of sports biomechanical principles to athletic training, and sport-injury prevention and rehabilitation. The research areas are multidimensional but well balanced with other disciplines such as physical education, sports training, and motor skill acquisition. Integration with fields like biomedical engineering, computer software and applications, and medical aspects of specific environments suggesting sports biomechanics has a promising future as it continues to develop as a discipline interwoven with other disciplines.
Transition of human γ-tubulin ring complex into a closed conformation during microtubule nucleation
Authors: Brito Cláudia , Serna Marina , Guerra Pablo , Llorca Oscar , Surrey Thomas
Published: February 2024

Microtubules are essential for intracellular organization and chromosome segregation. They are nucleated by the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC). However, isolated vertebrate γTuRC adopts an open conformation that deviates from the microtubule structure, raising the question of the nucleation mechanism. In this study, we determined cryo–electron microscopy structures of human γTuRC bound to a nascent microtubule. Structural changes of the complex into a closed conformation ensure that γTuRC templates the 13-protofilament microtubules that exist in human cells. Closure is mediated by a latch that interacts with incorporating tubulin, making it part of the closing mechanism. Further rearrangements involve all γTuRC subunits and the removal of the actin-containing luminal bridge. Our proposed mechanism of microtubule nucleation by human γTuRC relies on large-scale structural changes that are likely the target of regulation in cells.
A nasal cell atlas reveals heterogeneity of tuft cells and their role in directing olfactory stem cell proliferation
Authors: Ualiyeva Saltanat , Lemire Evan , Wong Caitlin , Perniss Alexander , Boyd Amelia A. , Avilés Evelyn C. , Minichetti Dante G. , Maxfield Alice , Roditi Rachel , Matsumoto Ichiro , Wang Xin , Deng Wenjiang , Barrett Nora A. , Buchheit Kathleen M. , Laidlaw Tanya M. , Boyce Joshua A. , Bankova Lora G. , Haber Adam L.
Published: February 2024

The olfactory neuroepithelium serves as a sensory organ for odors and forms part of the nasal mucosal barrier. Olfactory sensory neurons are surrounded and supported by epithelial cells. Among them, microvillous cells (MVCs) are strategically positioned at the apical surface, but their specific functions are enigmatic, and their relationship to the other specialized epithelial cells is unclear. Here, we establish that the family of MVCs comprises tuft cells and ionocytes in both mice and humans. Integrating analysis of the respiratory and olfactory epithelia, we define the distinct receptor expression of TRPM5
+
tuft-MVCs compared with Gɑ-gustducin
high
respiratory tuft cells and characterize a previously undescribed population of glandular DCLK1
+
tuft cells. To establish how allergen sensing by tuft-MVCs might direct olfactory mucosal responses, we used an integrated single-cell transcriptional and protein analysis. Inhalation of
Alternaria
induced mucosal epithelial effector molecules including
Chil4
and a distinct pathway leading to proliferation of the quiescent olfactory horizontal basal stem cell (HBC) pool, both triggered in the absence of olfactory apoptosis.
Alternaria-
and ATP-elicited HBC proliferation was dependent on TRPM5
+
tuft-MVCs, identifying these specialized epithelial cells as regulators of olfactory stem cell responses. Together, our data provide high-resolution characterization of nasal tuft cell heterogeneity and identify a function of TRPM5
+
tuft-MVCs in directing the olfactory mucosal response to allergens.