bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A glossary of Frankenwords
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: January 2018

Shelley's story provided the perfect prefix to nickname any unusual creation.
Mapping the malaria parasite druggable genome by using in vitro evolution and chemogenomics
Authors: Cowell Annie N. , Istvan Eva S. , Lukens Amanda K. , Gomez-Lorenzo Maria G. , Vanaerschot Manu , Sakata-Kato Tomoyo , Flannery Erika L. , Magistrado Pamela , Owen Edward , Abraham Matthew , LaMonte Gregory , Painter Heather J. , Williams Roy M. , Franco Virginia , Linares Maria , Arriaga Ignacio , Bopp Selina , Corey Victoria C. , Gnädig Nina F. , Coburn-Flynn Olivia , Reimer Christin , Gupta Purva , Murithi James M. , Moura Pedro A. , Fuchs Olivia , Sasaki Erika , Kim Sang W. , Teng Christine H. , Wang Lawrence T. , Akidil Aslı , Adjalley Sophie , Willis Paul A. , Siegel Dionicio , Tanaseichuk Olga , Zhong Yang , Zhou Yingyao , Llinás Manuel , Ottilie Sabine , Gamo Francisco-Javier , Lee Marcus C. S. , Goldberg Daniel E. , Fidock David A. , Wirth Dyann F. , Winzeler Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2018

Dissecting
Plasmodium
drug resistance

Malaria is a deadly disease with no effective vaccine. Physicians thus depend on antimalarial drugs to save lives, but such compounds are often rendered ineffective when parasites evolve resistance. Cowell
et al.
systematically studied patterns of
Plasmodium falciparum
genome evolution by analyzing the sequences of clones that were resistant to diverse antimalarial compounds across the
P. falciparum
life cycle (see the Perspective by Carlton). The findings identify hitherto unrecognized drug targets and drug-resistance genes, as well as additional alleles in known drug-resistance genes.

Science
, this issue p.
191
; see also p.
159
Detection of the aromatic molecule benzonitrile (
c
-C
6
H
5
CN) in the interstellar medium
Authors: McGuire Brett A. , Burkhardt Andrew M. , Kalenskii Sergei , Shingledecker Christopher N. , Remijan Anthony J. , Herbst Eric , McCarthy Michael C.
Published: January 2018

A specific interstellar aromatic molecule

Aromatic molecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to exist in the interstellar medium owing to their characteristic infrared emission features. However, the infrared emission only indicates the general class of molecule, and identifying which specific molecular species are present is difficult. McGuire
et al.
used radio astronomy to detect rotational transitions of benzonitrile emitted from a well-known nearby cloud of interstellar gas (see the Perspective by Joblin and Cernicharo). This molecule may be a precursor to more complex PAHs. The identification of benzonitrile sheds light on the composition of aromatic material within the interstellar medium—material that will eventually be incorporated into new stars and planets.

Science
, this issue p.
202
; see also p.
156
Progress on reproducibility
Authors: Berg Jeremy
Published: January 2018

Ideas supported by well-defined and clearly described methods and evidence are one of the cornerstones of science. After several publications indicated that a substantial number of scientific reports may not be readily reproducible, the scientific community and public began engaging in discussions about mechanisms to measure and enhance the reproducibility of scientific projects. In this context, several innovative steps have been taken in recent years. The results of these efforts confirm that improving reproducibility will require persistent and adaptive responses, and as we gain experience, implementation of the best possible practices.
Dating the Cryptococcus gattii Dispersal to the North American Pacific Northwest
Authors: Roe Chandler C. , Bowers Jolene , Oltean Hanna , DeBess Emilio , Dufresne Philippe J. , McBurney Scott , Overy David P. , Wanke Bodo , Lysen Colleen , Chiller Tom , Meyer Wieland , Thompson George R. , Lockhart Shawn R. , Hepp Crystal M. , Engelthaler David M.
Published: January 2018

The recent emergence of the pathogenic fungus
Cryptococcus gattii
in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) resulted in numerous investigations into the epidemiological and enzootic impacts, as well as multiple genomic explorations of the three primary molecular subtypes of the fungus that were discovered. These studies lead to the general conclusion that the subtypes identified likely emerged out of Brazil. Here, we conducted genomic dating analyses to determine the ages of the various lineages seen in the PNW and propose hypothetical causes for the dispersal events. Bayesian evolutionary analysis strongly suggests that these independent fungal populations in the PNW are all 60 to 100 years old, providing a timing that is subsequent to the opening of the Panama Canal, which allowed for more direct shipping between Brazil and the western North American coastline, a possible driving event for these fungal translocation events.
Effect of relative spacing on wake turbulence under wave-current flow
Authors: Barman Krishnendu , Roy Sayahnya , Debnath Koustuv
Published: January 2018

This paper reports the findings of an experimental study carried out in a laboratory flume to investigate the interaction of a surface wave with a unidirectional current over submerged tandem (bed mounted two in-line) hemispheres. The pitch-to-height ratio of the hemispheres was varied to spawn d-type (L/d = 2), intermediate (L/d = 4), and k-type (L/d = 8) relative spacing. The observations are focused on the changes induced in the mean velocity, turbulence intensity, Reynolds shear stress, and the frictional contributions of burst-sweep cycle to shear stress due to superposition of surface waves on the ambient flow. The consequences from the present experiment showed that the stream-wise velocity fluctuation follows the normal Gaussian distribution at upstream of hemispheres. Further, the joint probability density function showed that the superimposed surface waves on the current are capable of modulating the turbulent eddies with a larger band of energy and frequency spectrum compared to current-only flow.
From Chern–Simons to Tomonaga–Luttinger
Authors: Maggiore Nicola
Published: January 2018

A single-sided boundary is introduced in the three-dimensional Chern–Simons model. It is shown that only one boundary condition for the gauge fields is possible, which plays the twofold role of chirality condition and bosonization rule for the two-dimensional Weyl fermion describing the degrees of freedom of the edge states of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect. The symmetry on the boundary is derived, which determines the effective two-dimensional action, whose equation of motion coincides with the continuity equation of the Tomonaga–Luttinger theory. The role of Lorentz symmetry and of discrete symmetries on the boundary is also discussed.
Stress relaxation at a gelatin hydrogel–glass interface in direct shear sliding
Authors: Gupta Vinit , Singh Arun K.
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we study experimentally the stress relaxation behavior of soft solids such as gelatin hydrogels on a smooth glass surface in direct shear sliding. It is observed experimentally that irrespective of pulling velocity, the sliding block relaxes to the same level of nonzero residual stress. However, residual stress increases with increasing gelatin concentration in the hydrogels. We have also validated a friction model for strong bond formation during steady relaxation in light of the experimental observations. Our theoretical analysis establishes that population of dangling chains at the sliding interface significantly affects the relaxation process. As a result, residual stress increases with increasing gelatin concentration or decreasing mesh size of the three-dimensional structures in the hydrogels. It is also found that the transition time, at which a weak bond converts to strong bond, increases with increasing mesh size of the hydrogels. Moreover, relaxation time constant of a strong bond decreases with increasing mesh size. However, activation length of a strong bond increases with mesh size. Finally, this study signifies the role of residual strength in frictional shear sliding and it is believed that these results should be useful to understand the role of residual stress in stick-slip instability.
Anisotropic stellar filaments evolving under expansion-free condition in f(R,T) gravity
Authors: Zubair M. , Azmat Hina , Noureen Ifra
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we have analyzed the role of a viable [Formula: see text] model, i.e. [Formula: see text], while exploring the unstable regions of cylindrically symmetric gravitational source, where, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] correspond to the Ricci invariant and trace of energy momentum tensor, respectively. The matter distribution is considered to be anisotropic and gravitating system evolves under zero expansion condition. The collapse equation of cylindrical star has been obtained by applying perturbation scheme on modified field equations and conservation equations. Dynamical instability has been discussed in N and pN regimes, stability constraints have also been developed. We found that adiabatic index [Formula: see text] is meaningless for the discussion of stability of gravitating sources carrying expansion-free condition, and stability variations are determined by physical properties of the fluid.
A class of simple bouncing and late-time accelerating cosmologies in f(R) gravity
Authors: Kuiroukidis A.
Published: January 2018

We consider the field equations for a flat FRW cosmological model, given by Eq. (??), in an a priori generic [Formula: see text] gravity model and cast them into a, completely normalized and dimensionless, system of ODEs for the scale factor and the function [Formula: see text], with respect to the scalar curvature [Formula: see text]. It is shown that under reasonable assumptions, namely for power-law functional form for the [Formula: see text] gravity model, one can produce simple analytical and numerical solutions describing bouncing cosmological models where in addition there are late-time accelerating. The power-law form for the [Formula: see text] gravity model is typically considered in the literature as the most concrete, reasonable, practical and viable assumption [see S. D. Odintsov and V. K. Oikonomou, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 124083, arXiv:1410.8183 [gr-qc]]. However even without assuming a power-law form for the [Formula: see text] gravity model, the formulation of the field equations, that is suggested in this paper, is according to the author’s viewpoint quite generic in order to analyze the resulting field equations, without any further assumptions. Possibility of extending these results is briefly discussed.
Electrical characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) nanocrystals embedded in porous alumina matrix
Authors: Belov A. N. , Kislova I. L. , Loktev D. V. , Redichev E. N. , Stroganov A. A. , Solnyshkin A. V.
Published: January 2018

In this work, the study of dielectric properties of composite structures on the base of poly(vinylidene fluoride-triflouroethylene) copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) and porous aluminum oxide layers produced by the melt-impregnation is presented. Frequency dependences of dielectric characteristics of the composite samples were determined. The dielectric dispersion and ferroelectric switching processes in the composite structures were discussed.
Big Data for Social Science Research
Authors: Birkin Mark
Published: January 2018

Academic studies exploiting novel data sources are scarce. Typically, data is generated by commercial businesses or government organizations with no mandate and little motivation to share their assets with academic partners---partial exceptions include social messaging data and some sources of open data. The mobilization of citizen sensors at a massive scale has allowed for the development of impressive infrastructures. However, data availability is driving applications---problems are prioritized because data is available rather than because they are inherently important or interesting. The U.K. is addressing this through investments by the Economic and Social Research Council in its Big Data Network. A group of Administrative Data Research Centres are tasked with improving access to data sets in central government, while a group of Business and Local Government Centres are tasked with improving access to commercial and regional sources. This initiative is described. It is illustrated by examples from health care, transport, and infrastructure. In all of these cases, the integration of data is a key consideration. For social science problems relevant to policy or academic studies, it is unlikely all the answers will be found in a single novel data source, but rather a combination of sources is required. Through such synthesis great leaps are possible by exploiting models that have been constructed and refined over extended periods of time e.g., microsimulation, spatial interaction models, agents, discrete choice, and input-output models. Although interesting and valuable new methods are appearing, any suggestion that a new box of magic tricks labeled "Big Data Analytics" that sits easily on top of massive new datasets can radically and instantly transform our long-term understanding of society is naïve and dangerous. Furthermore, the privacy and confidentiality of personal data is a great concern to both the individuals concerned and the data owners.
Imaging mRNA In Vivo, from Birth to Death
Authors: Tutucci Evelina , Livingston Nathan M. , Singer Robert H. , Wu Bin
Published: January 2018

RNA is the fundamental information transfer system in the cell. The ability to follow single messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from transcription to degradation with fluorescent probes gives quantitative information about how the information is transferred from DNA to proteins. This review focuses on the latest technological developments in the field of single-mRNA detection and their usage to study gene expression in both fixed and live cells. By describing the application of these imaging tools, we follow the journey of mRNA from transcription to decay in single cells, with single-molecule resolution. We review current theoretical models for describing transcription and translation that were generated by single-molecule and single-cell studies. These methods provide a basis to study how single-molecule interactions generate phenotypes, fundamentally changing our understating of gene expression regulation.
Cognitive Effects of Cancer and Cancer Treatments
Authors: Ahles Tim A. , Root James C.
Published: January 2018

As the population of cancer survivors has grown into the millions, there has been increasing emphasis on understanding how the late effects of treatment affect survivors’ ability to return to work/school, their capacity to function and live independently, and their overall quality of life. This review focuses on cognitive change associated with cancer and cancer treatments. Research in this area has progressed from a pharmacotoxicology perspective to a view of the cognitive change as a complex interaction of aspects of the treatment, vulnerability factors that increase risk for posttreatment cognitive decline, cancer biology, and the biology of aging. Methodological advances include the development of (a) measurement approaches that assess more fine-grained subcomponents of cognition based on cognitive neuroscience and (b) advanced statistical approaches. Conceptual issues that arise from this multidimensional perspective are described in relation to future directions, understanding of mechanisms, and development of innovative interventions.
Posaconazole-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency in a Case of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Miller Ann , Brooks Lauren K. , Poola-Kella Silpa , Malek Rana
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Posaconazole is an azole used in treatment and prophylaxis of a broad spectrum of fungal infections. Antifungals such as ketoconazole have been shown to cause primary adrenal insufficiency (AI) as a result of direct inhibition on the steroidogenesis pathway. There is only one reported case of primary AI induced by posaconazole in a patient with mucormycosis. We report a case of posaconazole-related primary AI. Case. A 63-year-old man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia was admitted for fatigue and intermittent nausea and vomiting. He had recently discontinued prophylactic posaconazole 300 mg daily. He was assessed for AI with a morning cortisol of 1.9 mcg/dL followed by a failed cosyntropin stimulation (CS) test. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level was 154.6 pg/mL with negative 21-hydroxylase antibodies. The patient’s symptoms improved with initiation of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. One year after discontinuation of posaconazole, he underwent a repeat CS test which showed normal adrenal function with normal ACTH at 34.1 pg/mL. Conclusion. In this case, we demonstrate that prolonged use of posaconazole is associated with primary AI. As use of posaconazole increases, knowledge of the potential risk of AI is important and must be included in the differential diagnosis when these patients present with hypotension, hypoglycemia, and failure to thrive.
Analgesic Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment Combined with Fascial Manipulation Theory for Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yuan Xiangnan , Zhou Fenghua , Zhang Lixin , Zhang Zhiqiang , Li Jianjun
Published: January 2018

Objectives. This study aims to explore whether extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) based on the theory of fascial manipulation (FM) at select treatment points is superior to traditional local ESWT for pain relief in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. Methods. Data from patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder who received weekly ESWT according to fascial manipulation theory (ESWT-FM) or local extracorporeal shockwave treatment (L-ESWT) during a 5-week treatment period were evaluated. Pain-on-movement numeric rating scale (p-NRS) and range of motion (ROM) testing were performed before the treatment period, after the first treatment, and after the fifth treatment. Results. There were significant reductions in pain scores in the ESWT-FM group (p<0.05) after the first treatment, and after the fifth treatment, both groups had marked, significant improvement (p<0.05), with a significantly greater reduction in pain (p-NRS) in the ESWT-FM group compared to the L-ESWT group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of ROM in the L-ESWT group, while there was slight improvement of forward flexion in the ESWT-FM group after the fifth treatment. Conclusions. ESWT-FM provided faster pain relief and slightly more notable improvement of function compared with L-ESWT for the patients with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder.
Unilateral Asterixis in Arm and Leg Caused by Internal Capsula Stroke
Authors: Feil Katharina , Huber Marion , Goldschagg Nicolina , Kellert Lars
Published: January 2018

We report an unusual clinical manifestation of ischemic stroke with acute right-sided asterixis affecting the arm as well as the leg due to a lesion in the left posterior limb of the internal capsula. After treatment with intravenous thrombolysis the patient made a good recovery. Notably, in this case unilateral asterixis affected the arm as well as the leg, resulting in postural and gait instability. In addition, damage in the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network, as in our patient, has to be distinguished from other supratentorial causes of acute asterixis like thalamic or frontal lobe lesions linked to the cerebello-brainstem-thalamo-frontal lobe circuits.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities of Genistein, Biochanin A, and Their Analogues
Authors: Hamza Sherif Salah , Gebreyohannes BerihuTekluu
Published: January 2018

A series of naturally occurring genistein(3)and biochanin A(4)compounds and their analogues were synthesized from phloroglucinol. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were established by the combined use ofHNMR1,CNMR13, IR spectral data, and mass spectrometry; their antioxidant activities were investigated. Most of the synthesized compounds show moderate-to-high activity; only two compounds exhibit no significant activity.
Klippel–Feil Syndrome with Sprengel Deformity and Extensive Upper Extremity Deformity: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Stelzer John W. , Flores Miguel A. , Mohammad Waleed , Esplin Nathan , Mayl Jonathan J. , Wasyliw Christopher
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) is a congenital anomaly resulting from fusion of cervical vertebral bodies secondary to the dysregulation of signaling pathways during somite development. It is commonly associated with scoliosis and Sprengel deformity. We present a case of KFS with commonly associated abnormalities as well as deformities that have not yet been reported in the literature. Case Presentation. A 3-year-old girl presented for further evaluation of a left upper extremity deformity following a negative genetic workup. Upon physical exam and radiographic imaging, the patient was diagnosed with KFS and associated abnormalities including cervical scoliosis, Sprengel deformity, and congenital deformity of the left upper extremity. Deformities of the left upper extremity include radioulnar synostosis, a four-rayed hand, and absent thenar musculature. The Sprengel deformity was corrected surgically with a Woodward procedure. Discussion. Congenital musculoskeletal deformities can be differentiated based upon spinal and limb embryology. The presence of extraspinal abnormalities not originating from somite differentiation may suggest a severe form of KFS. Important considerations in the workup of the KFS patient include looking for deformities of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities to identify abnormalities for intervention at a young age.
A Case of Unresolved and Worsening Retroperitoneal Abscess
Authors: Bansal Raghav , Barakat Mohamed , Chun Soohwan , Rosberger Sonam , Baum Joel , Tiba Melik
Published: January 2018

Retroperitoneal abscess is a rare condition which is difficult to diagnose and treat because of its insidious onset. Herein, we present a case of retroperitoneal abscess secondary to a perforation that occurred during an ERCP. A 54-year-old female patient was admitted to an outside hospital with gallstone pancreatitis and underwent ERCP with sphincterotomy followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An abdominal CT scan was performed at the outside hospital 10 days later for worsening abdominal pain which showed multiple loculated pockets in the right upper and lower quadrant. Her condition improved after IV antibiotics and percutaneous drainage. Her symptoms recurred a month later and she presented to our hospital. Repeat abdominal CT scan at our hospital revealed recurrence of her abscesses. Multiple drains were placed and the abscess cavity was washed out without much improvement. EGD revealed a small mucosal defect in the distal portion of the duodenal bulb which was closed successfully using an over-the-scope clip. Repeat CT scan after 8 weeks from the endoscopic closure showed near complete resolution of the abscess. ERCP-associated perforation is a rare complication and can be challenging to diagnose and treat; prompt recognition is mandatory for favorable prognosis. Our patient was managed successfully via nonsurgical approach.
Corneal Collagen Crosslinking Combined with Phototherapeutic Keratectomy and Photorefractive Keratectomy for Corneal Ectasia after Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Zhu Wei , Han Yunfei , Cui Changxia , Xu Wenwen , Wang Xuan , Dou Xiaoxiao , Xu Linlin , Xu Yanyun , Mu Guoying
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of corneal crosslinking (CXL) combined with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in halting the progression and improving the visual function of corneal ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods: PTK-PRK-CXL was performed on 14 eyes of 14 patients who developed corneal ectasia after LASIK. The visual acuity, spherical refraction and cylinder, corneal topography indices, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), and endothelial cell count were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Results: The mean uncorrected visual acuity improved significantly from 0.64 ± 0.36 logMAR preoperatively to 0.19 ± 0.12 logMAR at 12 months of follow-up (p < 0.001), while the mean best corrected visual acuity improved from 0.21 ± 0.14 logMAR at baseline to 0.04 ± 0.10 logMAR at 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). A significant decrease was observed in Kmax and Kmean values from 52.51 ± 6.74 and 43.55 ± 3.37 D at baseline to 45.72 ± 5.18 (p < 0.001) and 40.60 ± 3.05 D (p < 0.001) at the 1-year follow-up. The mean TCT decreased significantly from 419.07 ± 36.56 µm before treatment to 320.93 ± 39.78 µm at 12 months of follow-up (p < 0.001), and there was no significant endothelial cell loss (p > 0.05) beyond 6 months after treatment. Conclusion: PTK-PRK-CXL is a promising procedure to halt the progression of post-LASIK keratectasia with significant visual quality improvement.
Successful Treatment of Autoimmune Urticaria with Low-Dose Prednisolone Therapy Administered for a Few Months: A Case Series of 42 Patients
Authors: Vas Krisztina , Altmayer Anita , Mihályi Lilla , Garaczi Edina , Kinyó Ágnes , Jakobicz Eszter , Husz Sándor , Kemény Lajos , Bata-Csörgő Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2018

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as symptoms of urticaria persisting for 6 weeks or more without obvious cause. Autologous serum skin test (ASST) positivity in patients with CSU is considered to be associated with autoimmune urticaria (AIU). Methods: In this retrospective study we retrieved the medical records of 1,073 urticaria patients seen at the Department of Dermatology and Allergology of Szeged University between January 2005 and February 2014. Forty-two patients (36 female and 6 male) met the study criteria by having CSU and giving positive results in the ASST. Our aim was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose oral prednisolone therapy administered to patients with antihistamine-refractory ASST-positive CSU for a few months. Patients were given an initial dose (40 mg/day) of prednisolone until the complete resolution of the symptoms, usually 7-10 days, and then the dose was gradually decreased, as in other autoimmune diseases. Results: Prednisolone therapy lasted for an average of 3.6 months and a complete long-lasting response was achieved in 35 of 42 AIU patients (83.3%). The follow-up period was at least 36 months (3 years) for each AIU patient; the longest follow-up time was 139 months (11.5 years). None of the patients reported any considerable side effects. Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggest that the use of this treatment could be an alternative for the treatment of AIU. Our present results also highlight the need for other therapies in a small percentage of AIU patients. Our results suggest that AIU represents a transient autoimmunity that can be successfully treated with low-dose steroid therapy administered for a few months.
Multiple Sclerosis Mortality by Race/Ethnicity, Age, Sex, and Time Period in the United States, 1999–2015
Authors: Amezcua Lilyana , Rivas Erica , Joseph Sarah , Zhang Juanjuan , Liu Lihua
Published: January 2018

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) carries high morbidity and shortens life span. While there is recent recognition of other US minority populations such as blacks and Hispanics being affected with MS, examination of MS-specific mortality trends by race/ethnicity has been lacking. Objective: To investigate MS mortality rates and trends in the United States by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Methods: We used the Compressed Mortality data file for 1999–2015 in the Wide-ranging online Data for Epidemiological Research system developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention to calculate the age-adjusted (US 2000 standard population) and age-specific MS mortality rate (per 100,000) by race/ethnicity and sex over time. Five mutually exclusive racial/ethnic groups were included in the analysis: non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, NH Asian or Pacific Islander (API), NH American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic. Results: The average annual age-adjusted MS mortality rate was highest among NH whites (0.90 for males and 1.50 for females) immediately followed by NH blacks (0.75 for males and 1.42 for females), and lowest among APIs (0.05 for males and 0.12 for females). Statistically significant, increasing trend in age-adjusted MS mortality was observed during 1999–2015 among NH whites and NH blacks regardless of sex, more substantially in the latter. Age-specific MS mortality patterns showed NH blacks had the highest rate under age 55 and NH whites had the highest rate after that age point. For these 2 groups, MS mortality increased with age in both sexes and peaked at ages 55–64 for NH blacks and 65–74 for NH whites before declining substantially, while for Hispanic and API groups the risk plateaued after age 55. Conclusion: MS-specific mortality trends demonstrate distinctive differences by race/ethnicity and age. The observations that whites and females are more likely to die from MS is in line with the overall understanding that these groups are affected more by MS. However, the findings of blacks dying at an earlier age and having more substantially increasing mortality trends than whites suggest that MS burden weighs unequally by race. Further investigation into these trends may provide additional evidence into risk or protective factors within each group.
Nuclear Receptors and Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia
Authors: Tsai Shan-Yuan , Catts Vibeke S. , Fullerton Janice M. , Corley Susan M. , Fillman Stuart G. , Weickert Cynthia Shannon
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Several nuclear receptor family members have been associated with schizophrenia and inflammation. Vitamins A and D exert anti-inflammatory actions, but their receptors (mainly nuclear receptors) have not been extensively studied in either schizophrenia brains or in association with neuroinflammation. We examined the expression of vitamin A (RARs and RXRs) and vitamin D and protein disulphide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) receptors, as well as nuclear orphan receptors (NR4As), in the context of elevated cytokine expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Methods: mRNA levels of nuclear receptors were measured in DLPFC tissues via RT-qPCR. ANCOVAs comparing high inflammation schizophrenia, low inflammation schizophrenia and low inflammation control groups were performed. Results: RARG, RXRB, NR4A1 and NR4A3 transcripts showed significant differential expression across the three groups (ANCOVA p = 0.02–0.001). Post hoc testing revealed significant reductions in RARG expression in schizophrenia with low inflammation compared to schizophrenia with high inflammation and to controls, and RXRB mRNA was significantly reduced in schizophrenia with low inflammation compared to controls. NR4A1 and NR4A3 mRNAs were decreased in schizophrenia with high inflammation compared to schizophrenia with low inflammation, with NR4A1 also significantly different to controls. Conclusion: In schizophrenia, changes in nuclear receptor mRNA levels involved with mediating actions of vitamin A derivatives vary according to the inflammatory state of brains.
Longitudinal Assessment of Abdominal Circumference versus Estimated Fetal Weight in the Detection of Late Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Basuki Tri Rahmat , Caradeux Javier , Eixarch Elisenda , Gratacós Eduard , Figueras Francesc
Published: January 2018

Objectives: To perform a longitudinal assessment comparison between estimated fetal weight (EFW) and abdominal circumference (AC) in the prediction of late fetal growth restriction (FGR) as opposed to small for gestational age (SGA). Patients and Methods: A cohort of unselected singleton pregnancies scanned at 32±2 and 37±1 weeks was created. Longitudinal growth assessment by calculating the conditional AC and conditional EFW was performed, and both parameters were compared for their prediction capacity for late FGR and SGA. Conditional standards set an expected size (EFW or AC) given a first measurement performed earlier. A declining growth was defined as a conditional growth of <10th centile. Results: A total of 938 pregnancies were included. As expected, declining growth between 32±2 and 37±1 weeks was associated with late FGR and SGA, but the predictive capacity of both conditional AC and conditional EFW was comparably poor, with detection rates of 28% at a 10% rate of false positives for late FGR. Conclusions: Longitudinal assessment of fetal growth during the third trimester has a low predictive capacity for late FGR, with no differences between conditional AC and conditional EFW.
A Case of Erythema Multiforme Major Developed after Sequential Use of Two Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Nivolumab and Ipilimumab, for Advanced Melanoma: Possible Implication of Synergistic and/or Complementary Immunomodulatory Effects
Authors: Utsunomiya Akira , Oyama Noritaka , Iino Shiro , Baba Natsuki , Chino Takenao , Utsunomiya Natsuko , Hasegawa Minoru
Published: January 2018

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab and nivolumab, reverse the imbalance of antitumor self-tolerance and enhance T-cell responses. Currently, ipilimumab and nivolumab have a reported therapeutic impact on unresectable or metastatic melanomas; however, they also induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Ipilimumab-induced cutaneous irAEs are mostly low grade and manageable, although all-grade rash may occur in approximately 45% of all patients. We here report the case of a young woman with erythema multiforme major, which developed after sequential use of these 2 immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced melanoma of the scalp. Initially, she received 12 cycles of nivolumab monotherapy followed by ipilimumab. A week later, multiple erythematous papulo-erythemas appeared on almost her entire body, with high-grade fever, mucosal involvements, and dyspnea. Immunohistochemistry using the lesioned skin revealed lymphocytic infiltration predominantly positive for CD8, contrasting with those for CD4 and Foxp3. Ipilimumab was stopped but she continued to receive empirical antibiotics; additionally, she was treated with intravenous steroid pulse therapy and immunoglobulin, followed by oral prednisolone. Her symptoms subsided rapidly, allowing a restart of nivolumab monotherapy alone. In our case, the long-standing preceding nivolumab monotherapy may synergistically and/or complementary have contributed to – in combination with the later administration of ipilimumab – recover antigen-responsive T-cell immunity, which is similar to the concept of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, resulting in the establishment of an underlying immunopathology of erythema multiforme and life-threatening airway obstruction.
Laparoscopic Surgery for Gallbladder Cancer: An Expert Consensus Statement
Authors: Han Ho-Seong , Yoon Yoo-Seok , Agarwal Anil K. , Belli Giulio , Itano Osamu , Gumbs Andrew A. , Yoon Dong Sup , Kang Chang Moo , Lee Seung Eun , Wakai Toshifumi , Troisi Roberto I.
Published: January 2018

Background: Despite the increasing number of reports on the favorable outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder cancer (GBC), there is no consensus regarding this surgical procedure. Objective: The study aimed to develop a consensus statement on the application of laparoscopic surgery for GBC based on expert opinions. Methods: A consensus meeting among experts was held on September 10, 2016, in Seoul, Korea. Results: Early concerns regarding port site/peritoneal metastasis after laparoscopic surgery have been abated by improved preoperative recognition of GBC and careful manipulation to avoid bile spillage. There is no evidence that laparoscopic surgery is associated with decreased survival compared with open surgery in patients with early-stage GBC if definitive resection during/after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed. Although experience with laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy for GBC has been limited to a few experts, the postoperative and survival outcomes were similar between laparoscopic and open surgeries. Laparoscopic reoperation for postoperatively diagnosed GBC is technically challenging, but its feasibility has been demonstrated by a few experts. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery for GBC is still in the early phase of the adoption curve, and more evidence is required to assess this procedure.
Vitamin D: Classic and Novel Actions
Authors: Gil Ángel , Plaza-Diaz Julio , Mesa María Dolores
Published: January 2018

Background: Classically, vitamin D has been implicated in bone health by promoting calcium absorption in the gut and maintenance of serum calcium and phosphate concentrations, as well as by its action on bone growth and reorganization through the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts cells. However, in the last 2 decades, novel actions of vitamin D have been discovered. The present report summarizes both classic and novel actions of vitamin D. Summary: 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, the active metabolite of vitamin D, also known as calcitriol, regulates not only calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also cell proliferation and differentiation, and has a key a role to play in the responses of the immune and nervous systems. Current effects of vitamin D include xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotective functions, antimicrobial defense, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory/anticancer actions, and cardiovascular benefits. The mechanism of action of calcitriol is mediated by the vitamin D receptor, a subfamily of nuclear receptors that act as transcription factors into the target cells after forming a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor. This kind of receptors has been found in virtually all cell types, which may explain its multiple actions on different tissues. Key Messages: In addition to classic actions related to mineral homeostasis, vitamin D has novel actions in cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of the innate and adaptative immune systems, preventive effects on cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and even antiaging effects.
АСПЕКТИ НАВЧАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ МЕТОДІВ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ В ГАСТРОЕНТЕРОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Zaiets T. A.
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – провести аналіз основних аспектів навчання студентів методів функціональної діагностики в гастроентерології, створення чіткої організації навчального процесу щодо вивчення матеріалу та постійного вдосконалення і поповнення теоретичних знань.Основна частина. Проведено аналіз літературних даних та власного досвіду викладання дисципліни “Функціональна діагностика” з метою вибору оптимальних методів навчання та форм контролю набутих знань студентів з даної дисципліни, які навчаються за спеціальністю “Лікувальна справа”. Скорочення обсягу аудиторних годин, які відводяться для вивчення дисципліни, вимагає від викладача певну частину програмного матеріалу курсу виносити на самостійне опрацювання студентами. У свою чергу, це потребує від викладача правильного вибору засобів контролю знань студентів. У статті проаналізовано роль багатоваріантних та комплексних задач в організації контрольних заходів з метою перевірки якості засвоєння студентами програмного матеріалу курсу “Функціональна діагностика”.Стаття розкриває роль поєднаної теоретичної підготовки з можливістю попрактикуватися на реальних пацієнтах, що дає можливість закріпити знання з дисципліни “Функціональна діагностика”.Висновок. Чітка організація навчального процесу під час викладання розділу дисципліни “Методи функціональної діагностики в гастроентерології” для студентів VI курсу медичного факультету дозволить здобути відмінні практичні навички та вміння, а також створити міцне теоретичне підґрунтя.
Biossociabilidades e políticas de governo no esporte de alto rendimento
Authors: Manske George Saliba
Published: January 2018

Tomando as Olimpíadas a serem realizadas em Tóquio em 2020 como ponto de partida para problematizações acerca do governo de atletas de alto rendimento, discuto neste estudo a construção de coletividades biossociais enquanto estratégias de controle de sujeitos e comunidades específicas. Parto do pressuposto de que as condições biotecnológicas hodiernas alteram as noções tradicionais entre natural, cultural e artificial, e que estas condições constituem aberturas para emergentes formas de regulação social, exemplificadas, neste caso, nos atletas e esportes de alto rendimento. Na condução dessas discussões analiso os modos pelos quais a Agência Mundial Antidoping (WADA-AMA) elabora e executa ações de gerenciamento da vitalidade esportiva, através, principalmente, dos excertos e enunciados presentes na revista Play True. Considera-se que as contemporâneas condições biotecnológicas de alteração do humano compõem novas formas de socialização, marcadas pelo incremento das capacidades vitais, alterando as compreensões tradicionais de corpo e natureza, exigindo novas formas de governo dos corpos.
Uma derrota para além daquele tempo
Authors: Paula Luís Roberto de
Published: January 2018

Uma derrota para além daquele tempo
Povos indígenas em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Morando Maria Agustina
Published: January 2018

Povos indígenas em Mato Grosso do Sul
Mulher negra in process
Authors: Moura Daiana de
Published: January 2018

Por meio da trajetória da pesquisa cênica Cunhãntã, uma atriz discursa em dois eixos centrais: metodologia de pesquisa cênica e sua presença como mulher negra na arte teatral. Esse texto-corpo produz reflexões sobre o fazer teatral visto como território afetivo e como processo de emancipação em trajetórias de vidas de mulheres.
Ombela: uma cena ancorada no imaginário africano
Authors: Siqueira Elton Soares
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo central investigar os procedimentos estéticos e metodológicos que, no espetáculo Ombela, do grupo pernambucano O Poste Soluções Luminosas, contribuíram para expressar na cena a ancestralidade africana. Considerando que o grupo em foco pesquisa as contribuições de Mikhail Chekhov e de Eugenio Barba para a realização de um teatro físico, tomaremos os dois autores como referências teóricas de nosso trabalho, a fim de compreender em que medida o teatro físico é, em Ombela, um recurso teórico-metodológico eficaz para a construção de uma cena de matriz africana. A pesquisa contou com anotações feitas a cada apresentação do espetáculo assistida, além de entrevistas com o grupo.
Corpos de trabalho, corpos de festa: negros e mestiços na festa colonial Triunfo Eucarístico, em Vila Rica (1733)
Authors: Mayor Mariana Soutto
Published: January 2018

O trabalho tem por objetivo levantar questões para a análise das funções e formas da presença de homens e mulheres negras e mestiças nas festas coloniais do século XVIII em Minas Gerais, a partir do estudo de caso da festividade religiosa Triunfo Eucarístico, de 1733, em Vila Rica. O texto parte do estudo sobre a formação de artistas e artesãos negros e mestiços em Minas Gerais, e também da leitura de documentos e relatos de época, para investigar, do ponto de vista das artes cênicas, o papel dos artistas negros e mestiços nas práticas representacionais festivas que dominaram o cenário cultural da colônia desde o século XVI.
Creatividad y comunicación intercultural escénica
Authors: Santos Inaicyra Falcão dos
Published: January 2018

Las limitaciones conceptuales del baile afro o como lo considero africano-brasileño son ocasionadas por las bases epistemológicas hegemónicas construidas oficialmente, las cuales no contribuyen con la difusión de la diversidad artística en sus distintos aspectos y contextos. En este contexto, sigo la discusión planteada en la tesis de doctorado Corpo e ancestralidade, cuya propuesta indica posibilidades de investigación, de creación en las artes escénicas y en la educación desde la relación entre arte y tradición africana-brasileña. En este sentido, propongo establecer relaciones entre estudio, enseñanza y proceso creativo, sobre todo de nuevas posibilidades para las enseñanzas ancestrales africanas desde los aportes más amplios de comunicación intercultural en la contemporaneidad.
El intento de definir la estética de la danza negra
Authors: Oliveira Nadir Nóbrega
Published: January 2018

En este artículo trato de contextualizar los comentarios sobre las coreografías desarrolladas por mí y por otros coreógrafos en los blocos afro de carnaval: Bankoma, Ilê Aiyê, Malê Debalê y Olodum; coreografías de muchos significados y movimientos, aplicando mis conocimientos asimilados durante el doctorado en el Programa de Posgrado en Artes Escénicas, de la Universidad Federal de Bahía, así como los contenidos aprendidos en Danza Moderna y Danzas Africanas como bailarina y estudiante del profesor Clyde Wesley Morgan y del coreógrafo Buly Soukol, del Ballet la Linguér, Senegal.
Conversa sobre poesia negra e/ou afro-brasileira
Authors: Ribeiro Esmeralda , Duarte Eduardo De Assis , Cuti Luiz Silva , Peres Elena Pajaro
Published: January 2018

A entrevista a seguir foi realizada individualmente por e-mail com cada um de nossos convidados, e as respostas obtidas, reunidas posteriormente, com vistas a ressaltar o caráter polifônico, de mosaico teórico, que o debate sobre a literatura negra e/ou afro-brasileira implica.
Complementary Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Vita Tomas , Okada David R. , Veillet-Chowdhury Mahdi , Bravo Paco E. , Mullins Erin , Hulten Edward , Agrawal Mukta , Madan Rachna , Taqueti Viviany R. , Steigner Michael , Skali Hicham , Kwong Raymond Y. , Stewart Garrick C. , Dorbala Sharmila , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Blankstein Ron
Published: January 2018

Background—

Although cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) detect different pathological attributes of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), the complementary value of these tests has not been evaluated. Our objective was to determine the value of combining CMR and PET in assessing the likelihood of CS and guiding patient management.

Methods and Results—

In this retrospective study, we included 107 consecutive patients referred for evaluation of CS by both CMR and PET. Two experienced readers blinded to all clinical data reviewed CMR and PET images and categorized the likelihood of CS as no (<10%), possible (10%–50%), probable (50%–90%), or highly probable(>90%) based on predefined criteria. Patient management after imaging was assessed for all patients and across categories of increasing CS likelihood. A final clinical diagnosis for each patient was assigned based on a subsequent review of all available imaging, clinical, and pathological data. Among 107 patients (age, 55±11 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 43±16%), 91 (85%) had late gadolinium enhancement, whereas 82 (76%) had abnormal F18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET, suggesting active inflammation. Among the 91 patients with positive late gadolinium enhancement, 60 (66%) had abnormal F18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. When PET data were added to CMR, 48 (45%) patients were reclassified as having a higher or lower likelihood of CS, most of them (80%) being correctly reclassified when compared with the final diagnosis. Changes in immunosuppressive therapies were significantly more likely among patients with highly probable CS.

Conclusions—

Among patients with suspected CS, combining CMR and PET provides complementary value for estimating the likelihood of CS and guiding patient management.