bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing Techniques to Eliminate Frictional Effect and to Achieve Constant Strain-Rate in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Impact Compression System
Authors: Yamashita Minoru , Suganuma Mitsuru , Sato Yasuhisa
Published: January 2011

In order to obtain the intrinsic stress – strain relationship by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) impact compression system, two testing techniques to eliminate the frictional effect and hold the prescribed constant strain-rate are demonstrated. The extrapolation method eliminating frictional effect at the tool – specimen interface was exhibited. Several specimens with different height were used for changing the initial diameter / height ratio in the method, where the circular plates were laminated. In order to maintain the constant strain-rate during compression, the incident pulse was adjusted to elevate in accordance with the compression force, where the tapered cylindrical striker bar was applied. Test material is a fully annealed pure aluminum. The intrinsic stress – strain relationship at strain-rate of 1000 /s was determined and the strain-rate sensitivity was also determined. The numerical simulation of the SHPB impact compression system was also performed using the dynamic explicit finite element method. The additional evidence for these experimental techniques to accomplish the elimination of friction and the constant strain-rate was shown.
Metabolic Stress Boosts Humoral Responses In Vivo Independently of Inflammasome and Inflammatory Reaction
Authors: Andris Fabienne , Denanglaire Sébastien , Baus Erika , Rongvaux Anthony , Steuve Jonathan , Flavell Richard A. , Leo Oberdan
Published: January 2011

Adjuvant formulations boost humoral responses by acting through several, yet incompletely elucidated pathways. In this study, we show that oligomycin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR) enhances Ab production when coinjected with T cell-dependent Ags. Oligomycin and AICAR lead to intracellular ATP reduction, suggesting that metabolic stress could be sensed by immune cells and leads to increased humoral responses. AICAR promotes IL-4 and IL-21 by naive Th cells but does not affect dendritic cell activation/maturation in vitro or in vivo. Accordingly, the adjuvant effect of AICAR or oligomycin does not require MyD88 or caspase-1 expression in vivo. Because AICAR is well tolerated in humans, this compound could represent a novel and safe adjuvant promoting humoral responses in vivo with a minimal reactogenicity.
Th17 Cells Expressing KIR3DL2+ and Responsive to HLA-B27 Homodimers Are Increased in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Bowness Paul , Ridley Anna , Shaw Jacqueline , Chan Antoni T. , Wong-Baeza Isabel , Fleming Myles , Cummings Fraser , McMichael Andrew , Kollnberger Simon
Published: January 2011

CD4 Th cells producing the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 (Th17) have been implicated in a number of inflammatory arthritides including the spondyloarthritides. Th17 development is promoted by IL-23. Ankylosing spondylitis, the most common spondyloarthritis (SpA), is genetically associated with both HLA-B27 (B27) and IL-23R polymorphisms; however, the link remains unexplained. We have previously shown that B27 can form H chain dimers (termed B272), which, unlike classical HLA-B27, bind the killer-cell Ig-like receptor KIR3DL2. In this article, we show that B272-expressing APCs stimulate the survival, proliferation, and IL-17 production of KIR3DL2+ CD4 T cells. KIR3DL2+ CD4 T cells are expanded and enriched for IL-17 production in the blood and synovial fluid of patients with SpA. Despite KIR3DL2+ cells comprising a mean of just 15% of CD4 T in the peripheral blood of SpA patients, this subset accounted for 70% of the observed increase in Th17 numbers in SpA patients compared with control subjects. TCR-stimulated peripheral blood KIR3DL2+ CD4 T cell lines from SpA patients secreted 4-fold more IL-17 than KIR3DL2+ lines from controls or KIR3DL2− CD4 T cells. Strikingly, KIR3DL2+ CD4 T cells account for the majority of peripheral blood CD4 T cell IL-23R expression and produce more IL-17 in the presence of IL-23. Our findings link HLA-B27 with IL-17 production and suggest new therapeutic strategies in ankylosing spondylitis/SpA.
B Lymphocytes Differentially Influence Acute and Chronic Allograft Rejection in Mice
Authors: DiLillo David J. , Griffiths Robert , Seshan Surya V. , Magro Cynthia M. , Ruiz Phillip , Coffman Thomas M. , Tedder Thomas F.
Published: January 2011

The relative contributions of B lymphocytes and plasma cells during allograft rejection remain unclear. Therefore, the effects of B cell depletion on acute cardiac rejection, chronic renal rejection, and skin graft rejection were compared using CD20 or CD19 mAbs. Both CD20 and CD19 mAbs effectively depleted mature B cells, and CD19 mAb treatment depleted plasmablasts and some plasma cells. B cell depletion did not affect acute cardiac allograft rejection, although CD19 mAb treatment prevented allograft-specific IgG production. Strikingly, CD19 mAb treatment significantly reduced renal allograft rejection and abrogated allograft-specific IgG development, whereas CD20 mAb treatment did not. By contrast, B cell depletion exacerbated skin allograft rejection and augmented the proliferation of adoptively transferred alloantigen-specific CD4+ T cells, demonstrating that B cells can also negatively regulate allograft rejection. Thereby, B cells can either positively or negatively regulate allograft rejection depending on the nature of the allograft and the intensity of the rejection response. Moreover, CD19 mAb may represent a new approach for depleting both B cells and plasma cells to concomitantly impair T cell activation, inhibit the generation of new allograft-specific Abs, or reduce preexisting allograft-specific Ab levels in transplant patients.
Evolution of the Antigen-Specific CD8+ TCR Repertoire across the Life Span: Evidence for Clonal Homogenization of the Old TCR Repertoire
Authors: Rudd Brian D. , Venturi Vanessa , Davenport Miles P. , Nikolich-Žugich Janko
Published: January 2011

Defects in T cell responses against pathogens and reduced diversity of TCRs have been described at both extremes of the life span. Yet, we still lack information on how Ag-specific T cell populations are maintained and/or altered from birth to old age. In this study, for the first time to our knowledge, we provide insight into Ag-specific TCR repertoire changes over the life span at the single-cell level. We have examined the TCR diversity of the primary CD8+ T cell response to the immunodominant HSV-1 epitope HSV glycoprotein B 495–502 (HSV gB498–505; SSIEFARL) (gB-8p) in neonatal, adult, and old C57BL/6 mice. The global distinctive features of the gB-8p–specific TCR repertoire were preserved in mice of different ages. However, both old and especially neonatal mice exhibited significant decreases in TCR diversity compared with that of adult mice. Still, although the neonatal Ag-specific repertoire comprised expectedly shorter germline-biased CDR3β lengths, the repertoire was surprisingly complex, and only a minority of responding cells lacked random nucleotide additions. Changes with aging included increased use of the already dominant TCRVβ10 family, a trend for lower content of the TCR containing the germline WG motif in the CDR3, and a remarkable sharing of one dominant clonotype between individual old mice, implying operation of selective mechanisms. Implications for the rational design of vaccines for neonates and the elderly are discussed.
Cutting Edge: The Murine High-Affinity IgG Receptor FcγRIV Is Sufficient for Autoantibody-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Mancardi David A. , Jönsson Friederike , Iannascoli Bruno , Khun Huot , Van Rooijen Nico , Huerre Michel , Daëron Marc , Bruhns Pierre
Published: January 2011

K/BxN serum-induced passive arthritis was reported to depend on the activation of mast cells, triggered by the activating IgG receptor FcγRIIIA, when engaged by IgG1 autoantibodies present in K/BxN serum. This view is challenged by the fact that FcγRIIIA-deficient mice still develop K/BxN arthritis and because FcγRIIIA is the only activating IgG receptor expressed by mast cells. We investigated the contribution of IgG receptors, IgG subclasses, and cells in K/BxN arthritis. We found that the activating IgG2 receptor FcγRIV, expressed only by monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, was sufficient to induce disease. K/BxN arthritis occurred not only in mast cell-deficient Wsh mice, but also in mice whose mast cells express no activating IgG receptors. We propose that at least two autoantibody isotypes, IgG1 and IgG2, and two activating IgG receptors, FcγRIIIA and FcγRIV, contribute to K/BxN arthritis, which requires at least two cell types other than mast cells, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils.
The Use of HRP in Decolorization of Reactive Dyes and Toxicological Evaluation of Their Products
Authors: da Silva Michelle Reis , de Sá Lívian Ribeiro Vasconcelos , Russo Carlos , Scio Elita , Ferreira-Leitão Viridiana Santana
Published: January 2011

This work studied the potential use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the decolorization of the following textile dyes: Drimarene Blue X-3LR (DMBLR), Drimarene Blue X-BLN (DMBBLN), Drimarene Rubinol X-3LR (DMR), and Drimarene Blue CL-R (RBBR). Dyes were individually tested in the reaction media containing 120 mg⋅L-1, considering the following parameters: temperature (20–45°C), H2O2 concentration (0–4.44 mmol⋅L-1), and reaction time (5 minutes, 1 and 24 h). The following conditions: 35°C, 0.55 mmol⋅L-1, and 1h, provided the best set of results of color removal for DMBLR (99%), DMBBLN (77%), DMR (94%), and RBBR (97%). It should be mentioned that only 5 minutes of reaction was enough to obtain 96% of decolorization for DMBLR and RBBR. After the decolorization reactions of DMBLR, DMR, and RBBR, it was possible to observe the reduction of Artemia salina mortality and the no significant increase in toxicity for the products generated from DMBBLN.
Comparison between Ischemic Stroke Patients <50 Years and ≥50 Years Admitted to a Single Centre: The Bergen Stroke Study
Authors: Fromm Annette , Waje-Andreassen Ulrike , Thomassen Lars , Naess Halvor
Published: January 2011

Introduction. Young adults are likely to differ from old patients concerning cerebral infarction.Methods. We compared characteristics of patients aged under and above 50 years, admitted to the Department of Neurology with cerebral infarction between 2006 and 2009, based on prospective registration. Investigation followed one common protocol for both groups.Results and Discussion. One hundred patients (8.2%) were <50 years old, and the proportion of males was higher in this group (72% versus 55.8%, ). Young stroke patients are more often current smokers (44.1% versus 23.6%, ). Common causes for stroke in the young were cervical artery dissection (18% versus 0.6%, ) and cardiac embolism due to disorders other than atrial arrhythmias (18% versus 5.5%, ). Among the old, atrial fibrillation and flutter dominated (29.1% versus 5%, ). Stroke severity and location did not differ. Old patients more often suffered from pneumonia (10.6% versus 2%, ) and urinary tract infection (14.6% versus 2%, ).Conclusions. Males dominate, and current smoking is more common in the young. Cervical artery dissection and nonarrhythmic heart disorders are frequent causes among young patients, while traditional risk factors dominate the old. Stroke severity is similar, but old patients seem more exposed for infectious complications.
Cardiac Function in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Lymphoma
Authors: Friedberg Mark K. , Solt Ido , Weyl-Ben-Arush Myriam , Braver Yulia , Lorber Avraham
Published: January 2011

Objectives. We studied long-term effects of therapy for childhood lymphoma on cardiac function.Design and patients. We prospectively evaluated 45 survivors of childhood lymphoma, using clinical parameters, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Further comparisons were made between lymphoma subgroups and between males and females.Results. Mean age at diagnosis was 9.1 years. Mean followup duration was 10.9 years. The NYHA functional class was I in 43 patients and II in 2 patients. A prolonged QTc interval (>0.44 msec) was found in 8 patients. Left ventricular (LV) systolic function and compliance were normal (LV shortening fraction %; cardiac index L/min/m2; E/A wave ratio ; mean ± S.D.), LV mass was normal ( grams/m2, mean ± S.D.). Mitral regurgitation was observed in 7/45 patients (16%). Asymptomatic pericardial effusions were found in 3/45 (7%) patients.Conclusions. Long-term follow-up shows that most parameters of cardiac function are normal in survivors of childhood lymphoma. This is likely due to relatively low doses of anthracyclines in modern protocol modalities. Abnormalities in mitral valve flow, QTc prolongation and in a small proportion of survivors, and functional capacity necessitate long-term cardiac follow-up of these patients.
A 150-Year Conundrum: Cranial Robusticity and Its Bearing on the Origin of Aboriginal Australians
Authors: Curnoe Darren
Published: January 2011

The origin of Aboriginal Australians has been a central question of palaeoanthropology since its inception during the 19th Century. Moreover, the idea that Australians could trace their ancestry to a non-modern Pleistocene population such as Homo erectus in Southeast Asia have existed for more than 100 years, being explicitly linked to cranial robusticity. It is argued here that in order to resolve this issue a new program of research should be embraced, one aiming to test the full range of alternative explanations for robust morphology. Recent developments in the morphological sciences, especially relating to the ontogeny of the cranium indicate that character atomisation, an approach underpinning phylogenetic reconstruction, is fraught with difficulties. This leads to the conclusion that phylogenetic-based explanations for robusticity should be reconsidered and a more parsimonious approach to explaining Aboriginal Australian origins taken. One that takes proper account of the complex processes involved in the growth of the human cranium rather than just assuming natural selection to explain every subtle variation seen in past populations. In doing so, the null hypothesis that robusticity might result from phenotypic plasticity alone cannot be rejected, a position at odds with both reticulate and deep-time continuity models of Australian origins.
Hereditary Connective Tissue Diseases in Young Adult Stroke: A Comprehensive Synthesis
Authors: Vanakker Olivier M. , Hemelsoet Dimitri , De Paepe Anne
Published: January 2011

Though the genetic background of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke is often polygenetic or multifactorial, it can in some cases result from a monogenic disease, particularly in young adults. Besides arteriopathies and metabolic disorders, several connective tissue diseases can present with stroke. While some of these diseases have been recognized for decades as causes of stroke, such as the vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, others only recently came to attention as being involved in stroke pathogenesis, such as those related to Type IV collagen. This paper discusses each of these connective tissue disorders and their relation with stroke briefly, emphasizing the main clinical features which can lead to their diagnosis.
Preeclampsia and Stroke: Risks during and after Pregnancy
Authors: Bushnell Cheryl , Chireau Monique
Published: January 2011

Preeclampsia and stroke are significantly related, both pathologically and temporally (across the life span) in women. Cerebrovascular events can complicate preeclampsia, and can also manifest later in life. A history of preeclampsia is associated with long-term risk for hypertension, stroke, and heart disease. Cerebrovascular complications occur in only a small proportion of women with severe preeclampsia, but with high morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction and impaired cerebral autoregulation, and severe hypertension in the setting of preeclampsia are likely the cause of many strokes during pregnancy. The relationship between preeclampsia and stroke involves shared risk factors for both disorders, including chronic endothelial dysfunction and increased risk for long-term hypertension following preeclampsia (one of the major risk factors for stroke). This overlap provides insights into underlying pathophysiology and potential preventive strategies for both preeclampsia and stroke. For example, aspirin may prevent both disorders. The current review will describe the current data regarding these relationships and suggest future research to investigate remaining knowledge gaps. These are important topics for neurologists, who are likely to be involved with the care of severely ill preeclamptic patients with neurologic complications, as well as women at increased risk of stroke due to a history of preeclampsia.
Field guide to the Churchill region, Manitoba: glaciations, sea level changes, permafrost landforms, and archeology of the Churchill and Gillam areas
Authors: Dredge L A
Published: January 2011

This guidebook presents the geological evolution, glacial history, sea level record, periglacial geomorphology and archeology of the Churchill region, and emphasizes some of the problems encountered with permafrost engineering. Thefirst part of the guide presents
a summary of the natural environment, explains how the land evolved, and how it is changing now. The second part gives site by site descriptions of specific features along several excursion routes in tundra and peatLand environments at Churchill, across the Hudson Bay
Lowlands aLong the Hudson Bay Railway, and into the boreal forest at Gillam. The culturaL history of the area is described at the archeological sites on the west side of the Churchill estuary.
Guide d'excursion pour la région de Churchill, Manitoba : Glaciations, changements du niveau de la mer,
formes de relief dues au pergélisol et archéologie des régions de Churchill et de Gillam
Authors: Dredge L A
Published: January 2011

This guidebook presents the geological evolution, glacial history, sea level record, periglacial geomorphology and archeology of the Churchill region, and emphasizes some of the problems encountered with permafrost engineering. Thefirst part of the guide presents
a summary of the natural environment, explains how the land evolved, and how it is changing now. The second part gives site by site descriptions of specific features along several excursion routes in tundra and peatLand environments at Churchill, across the Hudson Bay
Lowlands aLong the Hudson Bay Railway, and into the boreal forest at Gillam. The culturaL history of the area is described at the archeological sites on the west side of the Churchill estuary.
Petroleum data for the pre-mid-Devonian basal clastics play, southern Mackenzie Valley
Authors: Lemieux Y , Gal L P
Published: January 2011

The hydrocarbon potential of the northern mainland sedimentary basin is the focus of a project under the Secure Canadian Energy Supply program of the Geological Survey of Canada. The main objective of this study is to assess the hydrocarbon resource potential of
the Mackenzie Corridor using quantitative and qualitative geoscience data. The pre-mid-Devonian basal clastics play is one of several petroleum plays identified which are the focus of the Geological Survey of Canada petroleum assessment study. The play includes all prospects in stratigraphic and
structural traps in discontinuous pre-Middle Devonian clastic sediments onlapping and mantling, and derived from, the irregular Precambrian surface over the Tathlina Arch and adjacent areas. Three separate reservoir facies have been recognized within the study area for their attributes relevant to
petroleum exploration. Facies 1 is represented by thin, breccia-like sandstone that has no intergranular porosity and poor reservoir potential. Facies 2, which underlies most of the play area, comprises sandstone to conglomerate with poor to fair intergranular porosity. Facies 3 is generally
composed of fragments of variable source material, and has relatively the greatest proportion of fair porosity with zones of over 9% in some places. Potential Lower Paleozoic source rocks include organicrich beds of the Mirage Point and Chinchaga formations, and regionally widespread, Middle to
lower Upper Devonian shale. The traps envisioned involve mainly depositional pinchouts of porous clastic sediments onlapping basement highs and (or) accumulation of thick, isolated sand units within paleotopographic depressions formed by basement faults. Exploration risks include: thin and
discontinuous reservoir with poor porosity, isolation from potential source beds, inadequate reservoir seal, and timing of hydrocarbon migration with respect to trap development.
Surficial geology, Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia
Authors: Fader G B J , Miller R O
Published: January 2011

The marine geology of Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, was studied using seismic-reflection profiles, sidescan-sonar systems, multibeam bathymetry, seabed samples, cores, and photographic observations. Dating of core material and information from seabed samples were
correlated with the stratigraphic information from the seismic-reflection data and multibeam backscatter. Maps of detailed multibeam
bathymetry, seabed slope, sediment distributions, and both natural and anthropogenic seabed features and processes are presented.

The surficial geology of Halifax Harbour results from glacial erosion and deposition during ice advance and retreat across a former fluvial drainage system, subsequent glaciomarine and lacustrine deposition, erosion by a marine transgression, and recent sedimentation. The outer harbour largely
consists of coarse, well sorted sand and gravel with bedrock outcrop in many areas. Sand ribbons, megaripples,
and gravel circles form in response to currents and waves. In contrast, the inner harbour consists of gas-charged Holocene mud and is covered with anchor marks, dredge spoils, shipwrecks, cables, and other debris. Natural features include sedimentary furrows, drumlins, moraines, pockmarks, and
former shorelines. The inner harbour largely traps sediments and their associated contaminants and minimal amounts are transported out of the harbour.

Halifax Harbour is one of the first marine areas in Canada to have been studied with multibeam bathymetry. It provides a high-resolution portrayal of seabed morphology and features that are interpreted from a morphodynamic perspective. Net sediment transport is dominantly from south to north. The
seabed sediment mapping and assessment of anthropogenic features provides a basis for management of Halifax Harbour including marine habitats.
Géologie du Quaternaire du nord de la péninsule d'Ungava, Québec
Authors: Daigneault R -A
Published: January 2011

During the last glaciation, a lengthy ice-flow phase in the northern part of the Ungava Peninsula was associated with the presence of an ice divide that extended along a northwest-southeast axis between Ivujivik and Lake Nantais and represented the northern
extension of the New-Quebec ice divide. This major ice-flow phase was preceded by two others, the first associated with radial ice flow from a dispersal centre north of the Monts de Puvirnituq (Ungava flow), and the second, with flow that moved outward on the peninsula from a dispersal centre
farther south, probably corresponding to the Payne dispersal centre. The overall dispersal of rock debris from the Cape Smith Belt can be linked to the major phase of ice flow, with ice flowing outward on the peninsula on either side of the ice divide. Glacial transport distance also increases with
increasing distance from the ice divide. Moreover, the presence of Paleozoic carbonate rocks in till on Charles, Maiden, and Wales islands and locally on the mainland between Cap de Nouvelle-France and Douglas Harbour, as well as the relative ice-flow chronology inferred on Charles Island, indicate
that before the major ice-flow phase, a northeast-flowing ice stream had formed in Hudson Strait in this area, to the east of the New-Quebec ice divide.

Deglaciation began between 10 700 and 9000 BP and was almost complete shortly after 7000 BP. A diachronous marine invasion accompanied the retreat of the ice margin, firstly along the edge of Hudson Strait and then along Hudson Bay. The marine limit reached its highest elevation (about 180 m) in the
Hudson Strait area and its lowest (about 110 m), in the Hudson Bay area. The orientation of eskers and marginal meltwater channels and the evidence of proglacial lakes suggest that the ice margin retreated toward the west-central part of the peninsula, to an area slightly west of the ice divide.
Proglacial lakes, trapped between the receding ice margin and the highlands to the north and northeast, occupied primarily three watersheds, the Puvirnituq River basin (549 to 230 m), the Kovik River basin (396 to 213 m), and the basin formed by the Frichet, Derville, and Durouvray rivers (439 to
132 m). Approximately 30% of the area was covered by one or another of these proglacial lakes, whose levels dropped steadily as their lowest outlets were deglaciated.
Surficial geology, Schultz Lake South, Nunavut
Authors: McMartin I , Dredge L A , Aylsworth J M
Published: January 2011

Map A2120 - The geoscientific data presented on this map were collected during the Western Churchill Metallogeny Project (2003-2006) by the Geological Survey of Canada. It builds on previous surficial mapping in the area by the GSC in the 1980's at 1:125 000
scale by Aylsworth, Cunningham and Shilts (1990). The map is based on field work, air-photo interpretation (1:60 000 scale aerial photographs), Landsat TM-7 and Radarsat-1 imagery, and drift composition data. The Schultz Lake South map area was located beneath a zone of outflow within the Laurentide
Ice Sheet, possibly through much of its Wisconsinan history. Nonetheless, the profusion of multi-faceted bedrock outcrops, intersecting striations, superimposed streamlined landforms and stacked till units of distinct provenance, indicate that ice-flow directions significantly changed through time
as a result of the migration of the main ice divide in the region. Drift is relatively thick (>5 m) and continuous in the western part of the map area, forming rolling till plains, commonly streamlined in different directions. In contrast, thin till (<2 m) is predominant in the
east. Following deglaciation, the area was inundated by the postglacial Tyrrell Sea. Extensive glacial marine deposits cover the southeastern part of the map area with thicknesses ranging from a thin veneer to tens of metres.
Surficial geology, Thinahtea Lake, British Columbia
Authors: Bednarski J M
Published: January 2011

The surficial geology of the Thinahtea Lake (NTS 94 P/9) map area is dominated by the effects of continental glaciation during the Late Wisconsinan (ca. 25 000-10 000 years ago). In general the ice sheet advanced from the northeast, but the ice thinned during
deglaciation and divided into distinct lobes. The map area became dominated by one lobe flowing southward from the Mackenzie River valley in the north, and a second lobe in the south, occupying the Shekilie River. Glacial flutings in the northern part of the map area record the southern flow of the
northern lobe. Thinahtea Lake itself occupies a large meltwater channel that was probably the mouth of a large subglacial tunnel emanating from the northern ice lobe. Numerous eskers lie along the northern edge of the lake. Initially the northern and southern lobes were in contact along an area of
hummocky moraine, just south of the Petitot River, but once they separated meltwater collected between the lobes along the lowland occupied by the modern Petitot River with drainage to the west. The western part of the Petitot River valley, however, was initially occupied by the northern ice lobe
and the main drainage was forced southward along the northern margin of the Etsho Plateau. The Petitot River did not occupy its present course until the northern ice lobe retreated northward. Much of the map area is underlain by thick clayey till and glaciolacustrine deposits, which are poorly
drained and covered by extensive muskeg. Areas of thick peat are likely underlain by permafrost and probably contain significant amounts of ground ice.
Surficial geology, June Lake, British Columbia
Authors: Bednarski J M
Published: January 2011

The surficial geology of the June Lake (NTS 94 P/16) map area is dominated by the effects of continental glaciation during the Late Wisconsinan stage (ca. 25 000-10 000 years ago). In general the ice sheet advanced from the northeast, but as the ice thinned
during deglaciation, the flow emanated from the Mackenzie River valley from the north-northwest. This ice flow was caused by a lobe in the ice sheet that filled a broad lowland, centered down the east half of the map area. The central axis of the lowland is occupied by a large meltwater channel in
which Thinahtea Creek, and a string of small lakes, currently lie. Several eskers also run along the channel floor, which suggest that the channel may have initially formed as a subglacial tunnel. The lobate pattern of the ice margin is marked by numerous small ridges of till, which form nested
arcuate patterns. The ridges are thought to be either end moraine segments or crevasse fillings and their arcuate is thought to show the progressive retreat of the ice margin to the northwest, when considered with the nested pattern of meltwater channels. Much of the map area is underlain by thick
clayey till, which is poorly drained and covered by extensive muskeg, which forms hummocky peatlands. Areas of thick peat are likely underlain by permafrost and probably contain significant amounts of ground ice.
Hydrocarbon potential of the Paleozoic succession of southwestern Ontario: preliminary conceptual synthesis of background data
Authors: Hamblin A P
Published: January 2011

The hydrocarbon potential of the lower Paleozoic succession of southwestern Ontario was first realized in 1858 with the first commercial oil well in North America. Development continues today, at a modest level, for oil and gas in a wide variety of carbonate and
clastic plays of many different ages and styles. Most discoveries and production in these understudied rocks are from step-outs to known fields, and there are few wildcats, little testing of new concepts and little modern stratigraphic analysis. Most zones still have excellent potential for
further discoveries in this shallow, low-risk setting. The location in the heart of major markets is a significant positive factor. New geological study of structural controls, stratigraphic architecture and correlation, lateral predictability of reservoir geometry, trap mechanism for
basin-centred gas plays, and generation of new play concepts would likely result in major increases in exploration success and economic impact.
Southern Ontario "Golden Spike" data release: Nobleton borehole
Authors: Logan C E , Knight R D , Crow H
L , Russell H A J , Sharpe D
R , Pullan S E , Hinton M J
Published: January 2011

The Nobleton continuously-cored borehole (Golden Spike) is situated on the southern flank of the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) 4.25 km north of Nobleton, Ontario. It was drilled in 1996 as part of the Oak Ridges Moraine Hydrogeology Study of the Geological Survey of
Canada. The Nobleton borehole, with a core length of 193 m, is one of the deepest hydro-stratigraphic reference sites in the region. The location was selected to provide subsurface ground truthing for a 7 km long seismic profile completed across a broad bedrock depression known as the Laurentian
valley. Detailed sedimentological core logging is complemented by downhole geophysics, grain size analysis, total organic carbon analysis, and nested piezometer installation. The base of the borehole intercepts limestone of the Paleozoic Lindsay Formation. Overlying Quaternary deposits interpreted
to be Don, Scarborough, Sunnybrook and Thorncliffe formations, referred to as Lower sediment, are overlain by Oak Ridges Moraine sediment and Halton Till. Of particular note is the large number of rhythmites documented in the Scarborough (500) and Thorncliffe (1000) formations and the distinct
geophysical signatures associated with these rhythmites. In contrast to the relatively fine grained rhythmic character of these deeper formations is a basal 20 m thick gravel unit and overlying sandier ORM deposits. The Nobleton golden spike borehole provides new hydrogeological insight on Lower
sediment (Alliston Aquifer), tunnel channel fills that may host significant aquifer potential, and Oak Ridges Moraine sediment that is an important aquifer for domestic water supply.
Indicator mineralogy of the KL-01 and KL-22 kimberlites, Lake Timiskaming kimberlite field, Ontario
Authors: McClenaghan M B , Kjarsgaard I M , Kjarsgaard B A
Published: January 2011

Kimberlite and till samples from the recently discovered KL-01 and KL-22 kimberlites in the Lake Timiskaming kimberlite field, northeastern Ontario, have been studied by the Geological Survey of Canada to determine their kimberlite indicator mineral signatures.
These new results compliment earlier work published on the Lake Timiskaming kimberlites by the GSC. The KL-01 kimberlite is covered by only 1 to 4 m of till and thus is deeply weathered. The KL-22 kimberlite is covered by more than 10 m of glacial sediments and thus is fresh at its subcropping
surface. Both kimberlites contain thousands of indicator minerals per 10 kg in the 0.25 to 0.5 mm fraction. The kimberlites, however, are characterized by different relative abundance of indicator mineral species. The 0.25 to 2.0 mm fraction of the KL-22 kimberlite is dominated by chromite, with
lesser amounts of Cr-pyrope and Cr-diopside, very few Mg-ilmenite, scarce eclogitic garnets, and no olivine. The 0.25 to 2.0 mm fraction of the KL-01 kimberlite is dominated by Cr-pyrope, with lesser amounts of chromite, Mg-ilmenite and Cr-diospide, scarce eclogitic garnets, and no olivine. Till
overlying the KL-22 kimberlite contains only a few tens of indicator mineral grains and does not contain much garnet, a relatively abundant indicator mineral in the KL-22 kimberlite. Thus this till likely reflects background concentrations in the area rather than incorporation of KL-22 kimberlite
debris. Indicator mineral populations of the KL-01 and KL-22 kimberlites are dominated by chromite, Crpyrope, and Cr-diopside from fertile garnet lherzolite. Subcalcic garnets are abundant as well but they are only marginally Cr-rich with respect to diamond potential and magnesiochromites include
some diamond inclusion and diamond intergrowth field. Garnet megacrysts are rare in both kimberlites, as are orange diamond sub-class eclogite garnets. Similar mineral compositions and age dates for the two kimberlites strongly suggest that KL-01 and KL-22 are genetically
related.
Distribution of diagenetic minerals in Lower Cretaceous sandstones and their relationship to stratigraphy and lithofacies: Glenelg, Thebaud and Chebucto fields, offshore Scotian Basin
Authors: Karim A , Pe-Piper G , Piper D J W
Published: January 2011

Diagenetic cements are of decisive importance in determining reservoir quality. It is therefore important to understand how such cements form. Only a few studies of diagenetic alteration have been published for the Scotian Basin. The spatial and temporal
distribution of diagenetic cements has been interpreted in relationship to lithofacies and sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous sandstones from the Glenelg, Chebucto, and Thebaud fields in the Sable Subbasin. Chlorite and illite coated grains occur in transgressive systems tracts (TST) in
Glenelg N-49 and Thebaud I-93, and are cemented by Fe-calcite. Early kaolinite occurs as booklets and with vermicular stacking textures principally in sandstones immediately beneath the TSTs, particularly in cross-bedded, coarse-grained, channel sandstones. Illite occurs as fibrous crystals, which
in the Chebucto K-90 well are included in ankerite. Fe-rich chlorite rims, found principally in samples from the Thebaud field, have developed from earlier Fe-rich clay. Pore-filling chlorite occurs in contact with detrital quartz grains, on which diagenetic quartz cement has not developed and this
chlorite is commonly associated with illite. Quartz cement, well developed in medium- and coarse-grained sandstones, postdates kaolinite and predates most other cements. Calcite, Fe-calcite, Mg-calcite, ankerite and siderite are the major cementing minerals in the studied wells. In those wells, two
siderite cements, rich in Mg (15-30 mol.%), were defined; the earlier one (siderite I) occurs in lithofacies 0 as large, corroded grains. The late microcrystalline siderite II (< 10 ?m) occurs in lithofacies 3 of TST. It forms the tiny crystals that fringe detrital grains and fill
intercrystalline micropores. Mesodiagenetic ankerite is present only in the Glenelg E-58, Thebaud #5, and Thebaud #3 wells, whereas Fe-calcite is absent only from Thebaud #5 well. These differences might be related to the presence of different eogenetic minerals, or to differences in hydrocarbon
charge history. In samples from the Glenelg field perthite is replaced by Fe-calcite. Late framboidal pyrite in carbonate cement indicates burial under both reducing and alkaline conditions. Rare traces of a P-rich mineral, presumably francolite, are found in the Glenelg wells, associated with
illite and calcite cements. This study demonstrates that the distribution of diagenetic minerals and their impact on reservoir-quality evolution can be better elucidated when linked to a sequence stratigraphic framework.
Rock-Eval data for four hydrocarbon exploration wells in Hudson Bay and Foxe basins
Authors: Zhang S , Dewing K
Published: January 2011

Hudson Bay and Foxe basins are Lower Paleozoic sedimentary basins in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Hydrocarbon exploration of these two basins began more than 30 years ago, however, their hydrocarbon potential remains poorly understood. In Hudson Bay Basin, the
lower part ofthe Paleozoic succession comprises 600 to1040 m of Upper Ordovician (Bad Cache Rapids and Churchill River groups and Red Head Rapids Formation) and Lower Silurian (Severn River, Ekwan River, Attawapiskat and Kenogami formations) carbonate and minor amounts of shale. The Paleozoic
sequence in Foxe Basin is composed of ~ 510 m of Middle Cambrian (Gallery and Turner Cliff formations), Middle and Upper Ordovician (Frobisher Bay, Amadjuak, Akpatok and Foster Bay formations) and Lower Silurian (Severn River Formation) sandstone, carbonate and minor amounts of shale.
A total of 246 samples, collected from 4 wells (Polar Bear C-11 and Narwhal South O-58 in Hudson Bay offshore, Comeault No. 1 on Hudson Bay Lowlands, and Rowley M-04 in Foxe Basin), were analyzed using Rock-Eval 6 Pyrolysis technique. The new data from Hudson Bay demonstrate that:
1) At Narwhal South O-58, samples from the middleupper Bad Cache Rapids Group have Tmax between 431 and 436. The total organic carbon (TOC) is uniformly very low.
2) At Polar Bear C-11, almost all samples from the Bad Cache Rapids Group to middle Severn River Formation have a Tmax between 430 and 440; however, the TOC is uniformly low.
3) At Comeault No. 1, more than half of the samples from Bad Cache Rapids Group to Severn River Formation show a HI>300, and several samples have TOC>2%. However, most of the samples have Tmax<435 and are below the threshold for hydrocarbon generation.
4) At Rowley M-04 strata show some elevated TOC but insufficient thermal maturity for hydrocarbon generation.
Petrology of kimberlite debris from the GSC showing, Amaruk Kimberlite Field (NTS 57A/03), Kitikmeot region, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Sandeman H A , Ryan J J
Published: January 2011

Kimberlite debris was discovered on a regional geological traverse in 2005 by geologists of the Geological Survey of Canada's Boothia Integrated Geoscience Project. Petrographic and mineral chemical data indicate that the debris comprises an 'archetypal', Group
I, segregation textured serpentine-calcite kimberlite. Heavy mineral separates and petrographic studies indicate that the
kimberlite contains common ilmenite nacrocrysts, and peridotite paragenesis garnets of both lherzolitic G9 and sheared high-TiO2 G11 types. Chrome spinels are not common and have MgO and Cr2O3 contents less than those from other known diamond intergrowths and diamond inclusions. Ilmenites form
rounded macrocrysts and anhedral groundmass grains and exhibit complex compositional variations. Ilmenite macrocryst compositions mimic those of Mitchell (1986) although trending to slightly higher Fe2O3. Ilmenite mantles on the macrocrysts are MgO-rich and Cr2O3-poor, whereas groundmass ilmenites
are MgO and Cr2O3 rich. These observations suggest a three
phase evolution for the kimberlite: 1) entrapment and disaggregation of ilmenite macro/megacrystic-bearing lherzolitic lithospheric mantle in a kimberlitic magma; 2) reequilibration of these mantle xenocrysts during magmatic ascent through the lithosphere and; 3) crystallization of small groundmass
ilmenite during final emplacement and cooling of the kimberlite.
The Upper Ordovician Utica Shales and Lorraine Group flysch in southern Québec: Tectonostratigraphic setting and significance for unconventional gas
Authors: Lavoie D , Hamblin A P , Thériault R , Beaulieu J , Kirkwood D
Published: January 2011

This field trip guidebook presents a synthesis of the lower to middle Paleozoic stratigraphic architecture and paleogeographic scenarios for the sedimentary basins in southern Québec. The field trip will provide an opportunity to examine the Upper Ordovician
Utica Shale and Lorraine Group flysch that were deposited in the Taconian foreland basin of southern Quebec. Cores presenting some aspects of the lateral variability of the internal facies architecture of the Utica will be examined during the first day whereas visits to key outcrops located in the
Québec City area are planned during the second day to look at the overall Upper Ordovician stratigraphic architecture and primary facies distribution.
Mineral assay results for the 2005 and 2007 field seasons, Boothia mainland area, Kitikmeot region, Nunavut
Authors: Nadeau L , Ryan J J , Brouillette P , James D T
Published: January 2011

This report presents mineral assay analytical results for 68 widely spaced samples collected from gossanous localities during bedrock mapping of the Boothia mainland region, north-central Rae domain, western Churchill Province, during summers 2005 and 2007. A
large subset of the samples yielded anomalous polymetallic mineral values, which, while generally modest, demonstrate that the economic mineral potential for base-metals in the region is significantly greater than previously thought. Despite being comprised largely of a multiply deformed amphibolite
and granulite facies metagranitoid terrain, the region includes supracrustal belts of three different ages, all hosting gossans that signal base- and precious metal prospectivity. When considering the results presented herein, it is important to bear in mind that no in-depth prospecting was
carried-out at these sites, and that these are merely grab samples. Some very prospective looking outcrops yielded poor mineral assay values.

Lower amphibolite facies Archean rocks of the Barclay belt, which correlates with the regionally prospective Prince Albert Group, outcrop to a limited extent in the southwest part of the region. They yielded notably anomalous values for zinc, coupled with copper and nickel. Gold values are low
despite lower amphibolite facies metamorphism, and the local occurrence of quartz veins. Small inliers of the Paleoproterozoic Chantrey Group in the central part of the region, which we correlate with other Rae Domain sequences of proven prospectivity including the Penrhyn and Piling groups, also
exhibit anomalies in gold, copper and zinc. The supracrustal portion of the granulite-grade belt in the northern part of the region has large map extent, and is comprised in part of Barclay belt correlatives at structurally lower levels, and in part of what we informally refer to as the Halkett
Inlet belt at structurally higher levels. The Halkett Inlet belt was deposited around ca. 2.5 Ga, and we tentatively interpret it as correlative with the Sherman Group, recently defined in the Queen Maud block of the western Churchill Province. The Halkett Inlet belt hosts the most ubiquitous, the
largest, and the most eye-catching polymetallic gossans of the region, and returned some of the best values in copper, zinc and nickel. Based on the better assay results from the granulite-facies belt, and the large number of gossans spotted there from the air during helicopter fly-overs, we
consider the granulite-facies belt as being the most prospective ground for base-metal mineralization in the Boothia mainland area. We believe that strong regional deformation under high-grade metamorphic conditions may have enhanced sulphide concentration in structural / metamorphic traps, for
which identification will require detailed prospecting and structural analysis.
Regional variation in structural style, deformation kinematics, and summary of tectonic history, northeast Ellesmere Island
Authors: Harrison J C
Published: January 2011

Major features of northeastern Ellesmere Island include faulted Paleoproterozoic basement to the south (uplifted to 2300 m); a narrow, low-relief belt of steep faults and gently inclined lower Paleozoic craton cover that extends under an arcuate, southerly to
southeasterly transported, foreland thrust ("foothills") belt involving Ordovician - Devonian shelf strata, and Paleocene, orogen-derived conglomerate; a similarly arcuate "front range" belt of en échelon thrusts carrying Neoproterozoic to Devonian strata; a high-relief (to 2000 m) "main range"
fold belt of cleaved Neoproterozoic to Cambrian outer-shelf strata; and an interior plateau featuring cleaved and tightly folded lower Paleozoic basinal deposits.
The "main ranges" terminate along strike to the northeast in a braided sinistral fault array parallel to Nares Strait. Displacement on sinistral faults is kinematically linked to "front range" and foreland restraining bend thrusts. Early-formed folds and thrusts within the sinistral fault array have
been rotated counterclockwise during northerly directed Late Paleocene - Eocene indentation of the Greenland plate.
Ellesmerian fold-and-thrust belt (northeast Ellesmere Island, Nunavut) and its Eurekan overprint
Authors: Piepjohn K , von Gosen W , Tessensohn F , Saalmann K
Published: January 2011

Between the Lake Hazen Fault Zone and Nares Strait on northeast Ellesmere Island, a several kilometre thick succession of deep-water and shelf deposits of the early Paleozoic Franklinian Basin was affected by Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous Ellesmerian
deformation (D1). Dominant structures were long anticlines and synclines, and detachment faults above a major décollement at the base of the Franklinian Basin. In the Early Tertiary, sinistral strike-slip tectonics (D2) affected the Franklinian deposits and Paleocene basins parallel to Nares
Strait. In the Eocene, all structures, as well as the D2-strike-slip faults, were affected or reactivated by Eurekan deformation (D3). Crustal shortening took place along the Ellesmerian décollement and was dominated by thrusting. On the surface, the Eurekan structures are characterized by
major, hundreds-of-kilometres long, distinct thrust zones with subordinate, thrust-related fold structures (F3), and are interpreted as large-scale splay thrusts ramping up from the basal décollement. In the areas between those thrust zones, already folded during the Ellesmerian deformation, no
evidence for Eurekan overprint was found.