bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized models for unidirectional anisotropic properties of 3D printed polymers
Authors: Nelson Jared W. , Atkins Dylan , Gottstine Matthew L. , Yang Jack , Garapic Gordana , Jaminion Stéphanie , Nelson Aaron , Wilson Katherine
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically determine general models and methods for yield strength and modulus at different print orientations adequate for design purposes associated with typical fused deposition modeled (FDM) components/parts. Emphasis was placed on characterizing the impacts of anisotropy and resulting trends independent of material toward developing a method that matched the level of engineering required for current limited structural capabilities of FDM.

Design/methodology/approach

Tensile tests were performed with a range of unidirectional filament orientations of three different materials allowing for determination of the generalized models, which are then compared to previous findings of others.

Findings

Though anisotropic trends were similar to previous findings, minimum yield strength was found to be associated with filaments 75° from the loading direction resulting in a sinusoidal generalization. Modulus was found to be best approximated with an exponential decay. Resulting models allow for determination of yield strength and modulus in any orientation of FDM-printed material based on minimal testing.

Originality/value

This study is the widest range of angles and materials to be tested and analyzed for unidirectional FDM allowing for new trends to be identified. In line with the level of engineering required for most FDM components/parts, the resulting generalized models allow for determination of yield strength and modulus with less computation and minimal testing.
Bridges to affordability: adopting a university OAER mandate with local implementation
Authors: Riehman-Murphy Christina , Raish Victoria , Mross Emily , Pritt Andrea , Nelson Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to describe a case study of the open and affordable educational resources (OAER) initiatives led by Penn State University Libraries (UL) and implemented at its many campuses which are designed to address the challenges students experience accessing and funding their course materials.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study will show how a broad administrative mandate for high-level OAER initiatives created the environment for Penn State (PSU) to evolve from individual pioneering units into coordinated university-wide initiatives. This shift, spearheaded by administration with strong UL involvement, allowed for customized and targeted initiatives at its many campuses. By using UL’s centralized, but geographically dispersed, structure, library faculty and staff have been supported in their efforts to expand OAER from the ground up to meet individual contexts and campus needs.

Findings

As a result of its many open and affordable initiatives, PSUL has been able to demonstrate both savings and increased access for students across PSU’s many campuses and World Campus. Broad administrative support has created an environment which enabled UL faculty and staff to lead various initiatives.

Originality/value

UL has long been a leader and partner in open and affordability initiatives at PSU because of its core mission of providing access. By sharing the processes and logistics of how a large research institution with many campuses of various sizes implemented a wide variety of library-driven open and affordability initiatives through a centralized but geographically dispersed structure, academic libraries will be able to replicate similar initiatives in their unique contexts.
Quantifying prey availability using the foraging plasticity of a marine predator, the little penguin
Authors: Cavallo Catherine , Chiaradia André , Deagle Bruce E. , Hays Graeme C. , Jarman Simon , McInnes Julie C. , Ropert‐Coudert Yan , Sánchez Sonia , Reina Richard D.
Published: July 2020

Detecting changes in marine food webs is challenging, but top predators can provide information on lower trophic levels. However, many commonly measured predator responses can be decoupled from prey availability by plasticity in predator foraging effort. This can be overcome by directly measuring foraging effort and success and integrating these into a measure of foraging efficiency analogous to the catch per unit effort (CPUE) index employed by fisheries.

We extended existing CPUE methods so that they would be applicable to the study of generalist foragers, which introduce another layer of complexity through dietary plasticity. Using this method, we inferred species‐specific patterns in prey availability and estimated taxon‐specific biomass consumption.

We recorded foraging trip duration and body mass change of breeding little penguins Eudyptula minor and combined these with diet composition identified via non‐invasive faecal DNA metabarcoding to derive CPUE indices for individual prey taxa.

We captured weekly patterns of availability of key fish prey in the penguins’ diet and identified a major prey shift from sardine Sardinops sagax to red cod Pseudophycis bachus between years. In each year, predation on a dominant fish species (~150 g/day) was replaced by greater diversity of fish in the diet as the breeding season progressed. We estimated that the colony extracted ~1,300 tonnes of biomass from their coastal ecosystem over two breeding seasons, including 219 tonnes of the commercially important sardine and 215 tonnes of red cod.

This enhanced pCPUE is applicable to most central‐placed foragers and offers a valuable alternative to existing metrics. Informed prey‐species biomass estimates extracted by apex and meso predators will be a useful input for mass‐balance ecosystem models and for informing ecosystem‐based management.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the total and active Vibrio spp. populations throughout the Changjiang estuary in China
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Liu Jiwen , Liang Jinchang , Sun Hao , Zhang Xiao‐Hua
Published: July 2020

Vibrio is ubiquitously distributed in marine environments and is the most extensively characterized group within Gammaproteobacteria. Studies have investigated Vibrio spp. worldwide, but mostly focused on pathogenic vibrios and based on cultivation methods. Here, using a combination of molecular and culturing methods, we investigated the dynamics of the total and active Vibrio spp. throughout the Changjiang estuary in China. The total Vibrio abundance was higher in summer (~6.59 × 103 copies ml−1) than in winter (~1.85 × 103 copies ml−1) and increased from freshwater to saltwater (e.g. 8.04 × 101 to 9.39 × 103 copies ml−1 in summer). The ratio of active to total Vibrio (Va/Vt) revealed a high activity of vibrios, with remarkable differences between freshwater and saltwater (p < 0.05). Based on the community compositions of the culturable, total and active Vibrio, Vibrio atlanticus and Vibrio owensii were the dominant and active species in winter and summer, respectively. The distribution of Vibrio was governed by the effects of diverse environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and SiO32−. Our study clearly demonstrates the spatiotemporal dynamics of total and active Vibrio spp. and lays a foundation for fully understanding the ecological roles of marine Vibrio.
Aeromedical retrievals in Queensland: A five‐year review
Authors: Franklin Richard C , King Jemma C , Aitken Peter J , Elcock Mark S , Lawton Luke , Robertson Anita , Mazur Stefan M , Edwards Kristin , Leggat Peter A
Published: July 2020

Objective

Aeromedical services are an essential part of the healthcare system. Centralised coordination of aeromedical retrieval tasking offers benefits for safety, timeliness and efficiency in service delivery. The aim of the present study is to review aeromedical retrievals in Queensland exploring patient demographics, temporal patterns and usage characteristics.

Methods

This is a retrospective cases series for the period 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014 incorporating data from Retrieval Services Queensland and Queensland Newborn Emergency Transport Service. Ethics approval was obtained (JCU‐HREC H6137 and Public Health Act #RD005673). Descriptive analysis of the de‐identified data was undertaken included patient demographics, referral and receiving locations, retrieval platform and acuity of transport request.

Results

There were 73 042 aeromedical retrievals undertaken during the period, with an average of 40 cases per day (range 16–89). The majority (95%) of retrievals were for Queensland residents. Overall 23.1% of cases were cardiology‐related and 12.7% were injury‐related. Older adults aged 75–84 years had the highest rate of retrievals relative to the population with a crude rate of 942.4 per 100 000 per annum. Overall 14.9% of cases were Priority 1, which represents the tasking with the highest acuity but majority were Priority 4 (41.6%). One third (37.6%) of all patients were from inner regional locations.

Conclusions

Potential investments in health service planning may alleviate the burden on aeromedical services, particularly related to cardiology services in inner and outer regional Queensland. Aeromedical services are pivotal in enabling all sick and injured residents' access to the highest quality of care regardless of the remoteness of their residence.
Protein quality and safety evaluation of sarcoplasmic protein derived from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) using a rat model
Authors: Warren Derek , Soule Lynsey , Taylor Kathryn , Skinner R. Chris , Ku Kang Mo , Matak Kristen , Benedito Vagner A. , Tou Janet C.
Published: July 2020

Consisting of 25 to 30% of protein in carp, water‐soluble sarcoplasmic proteins lost in wash water, have been recovered and freeze‐dried into a protein‐rich powder. Study objectives were to evaluate protein quality and safety of a silver carp sarcoplasm derived protein powder (CSP) compared to commercial protein supplements, casein, and whey. In vivo protein quality assessment of CSP showed a lower (P < 0.05) protein digestibility corrected amino acid score compared to the commercial protein sources. Despite greater (P < 0.05) fecal amino acid excretion in casein‐fed rats, there were no significant differences in liver and muscle amino acid profiles. All low (10% kcal) protein diets supported growth with the normal range. However, whey protein supplementation resulted in greater (P < 0.05) adiposity. CSP, casein, or whey‐fed rats showed no differences in major organ weights, renal damage biomarkers, or bone indices. Collectively, results indicated CSP was safe with protein quality comparable to casein.

Practical Application

As much as 40 percent of protein in fish can be lost due to sarcoplasmic protein solubilization in processing wash water. Silver carp sarcoplasm protein powder may have similar commercial potential as a sustainable and nutritious alternative to whey and casein proteins. This project aimed to verify the protein quality and safety of this economical protein source.
High‐contiguity genome assembly of the chemosynthetic gammaproteobacterial endosymbiont of the cold seep tubeworm Lamellibrachia barhami
Authors: Breusing Corinna , Schultz Darrin T. , Sudek Sebastian , Worden Alexandra Z. , Young Curtis Robert
Published: July 2020

Symbiotic relationships between vestimentiferan tubeworms and chemosynthetic Gammaproteobacteria build the foundations of many hydrothermal vent and hydrocarbon seep ecosystems in the deep sea. The association between the vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila and its endosymbiont Candidatus Endoriftia persephone has become a model system for symbiosis research in deep‐sea vestimentiferans, while markedly fewer studies have investigated symbiotic relationships in other tubeworm species, especially at cold seeps. Here we sequenced the endosymbiont genome of the tubeworm Lamellibrachia barhami from a cold seep in the Gulf of California, using short‐ and long‐read sequencing technologies in combination with Hi‐C and Dovetail Chicago libraries. Our final assembly had a size of ~4.17 MB, a GC content of 54.54%, 137X coverage, 4153 coding sequences, and a CheckM completeness score of 97.19%. A single scaffold contained 99.51% of the genome. Comparative genomic analyses indicated that the L. barhami symbiont shares a set of core genes and many metabolic pathways with other vestimentiferan symbionts, while containing 433 unique gene clusters that comprised a variety of transposases, defence‐related genes and a lineage‐specific CRISPR/Cas3 system. This assembly represents the most contiguous tubeworm symbiont genome resource to date and will be particularly valuable for future comparative genomic studies investigating structural genome evolution, physiological adaptations and host‐symbiont communication in chemosynthetic animal‐microbe symbioses.
Genomic characteristics and drug screening among organoids derived from non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Chen Jing‐Hua , Chu Xiang‐Peng , Zhang Jia‐Tao , Nie Qiang , Tang Wen‐Fang , Su Jian , Yan Hong‐Hong , Zheng Hong‐Ping , Chen Ze‐Xin , Chen Xin , Song Meng‐Meng , Yi Xin , Li Pan‐Song , Guan Yan‐Fang , Li Gang , Deng Chu‐Xia , Rosell Rafael , Wu Yi‐Long , Zhong Wen‐Zhao
Published: July 2020

Background

Patient‐derived organoid (PDO) models are highly valuable and have potentially widespread clinical applications. However, limited information is available regarding organoid models of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to characterize the consistency between primary tumors in NSCLC and PDOs and to explore the applications of PDOs as preclinical models to understand and predict treatment response during lung cancer.

Methods

Fresh tumor samples were harvested for organoid culture. Primary tumor samples and PDOs were analyzed via whole‐exome sequencing. Paired samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. There were 26 antineoplastic drugs tested in the PDOs. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Titer Glo assay 7–10 days after drug treatment. A heatmap of log‐transformed values of the half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations was generated on the basis of drug responses of PDOs through nonlinear regression (curve fit). A total of 12 patients (stages I–III) were enrolled, and 7 paired surgical tumors and PDOs were analyzed.

Results

PDOs retained the histological and genetic characteristics of the primary tumors. The concordance between tumors and PDOs in mutations in the top 20 NSCLC‐related genes was >80% in five patients. Sample purity was significantly and positively associated with variant allele frequency (Pearson r = 0.82, P = 0.0005) and chromosome stability. The in vitro response to drug screening with PDOs revealed high correlation with the mutation profiles in the primary tumors.

Conclusions

PDOs are highly credible models for detecting NSCLC and for prospective prediction of the treatment response for personalized precision medicine.

Key points

Lung cancer organoid models could save precious time of drug testing on patients, and accurately select anticancer drugs according to the drug sensitivity results, so as to provide a powerful supplement and verification for the gene sequencing.
Recommendations and exploration of diagnosis and treatment of critical and refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated adverse events
Authors: Song Peng , Wang Hanping , Si Xiaoyan , Guo Xiaoxiao , Li Yue , Zhou Jiaixin , Duan Lian , Zhang Li , Wang Mengzhao
Published: July 2020

The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has rewritten many malignant tumor treatment strategies and become another milestone in tumor treatment. This article summarizes the latest domestic and international guidelines and consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of grade 3–4 immune‐related adverse effects (irAEs). Included are the findings of annual meetings of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), National Comprehensive Cancer Network/American Society for Clinical Oncology (NCCN/ASCO), the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), and the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) with review of case reports and related reviews of irAEs that were published before 20 May 2019. The recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of irAEs are supplemented, highlighting the successful application of specific immunosuppressive drugs in different irAEs, including IL‐6 blockade, anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, antitumor necrosis factor alpha and anti‐integrin 4 monoclonal antibodies, thrombopoietin receptor agonist, and antithymocyte globulin. This article questions the use of steroid hormones for irAEs in ultra‐large doses, upgrades, and repeated use, and emphasizes that it is important to note secondary infections, tumor progression, and the inability to meet the challenges of ICIs. Herein, we propose the principle of “stepping down treatment” for critical and refractory irAEs, and suggest that the use of specific immunosuppressive drugs such as cytokine‐targeted drugs should be initiated as soon as possible. Many irAEs in the era of immunotherapy are unprecedented in the era of traditional chemotherapy and small molecule targeted therapy, and this constantly challenges the knowledge reserve and clinical skills of oncologists. Therefore, the establishment of a multidisciplinary discussion system for cancer is extremely important.
Collembola community structure under different land management in subtropical Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Filho Luís Carlos Iuñes , Zeppelini Douglas , Sousa José Paulo , Baretta Dilmar , Klauberg‐Filho Osmar
Published: July 2020

Tillage systems in conservation agriculture such as no‐tillage (NT) and crop‐livestock integration (CLI) have been proposed to limit the negative impacts of intensive agriculture. Soil organisms such as Collembola are good indicators because they respond to a variety of environmental and ecological factors and their community structure indicates a change in land management. In this study, we propose to assess the relationships between springtail biodiversity in management systems with a history of NT and CLI. For both management systems, nine points were sampled, distributed in a 30 × 30 m sampling grid, in three municipalities on the Southern Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil. Springtails were collected using a metal cylinder (5 cm diameter × 5 cm deep) and identified at the species level. At the same point, samples were collected to evaluate soil properties (chemical, physical and microbiological). In total, 538 individuals were collected, distributed in 24 species, 293 individuals (18 species) in NT and 245 individuals (17 species) in the CLI system. Soil management systems studied did not affect the total number of individuals and richness. The NT system had a greater association with epigeic species, while the CLI system was more associated with hemiedaphic and edaphic species, which is related to the site‐specific differences in soil conditions. In both soil management systems, the species were influenced by a range of soil properties. The speciesIsotomurussp. 1 andLepidocyrtussp. 1 were more influenced by soil properties in the NT system, while the speciesProisotomasp. 1,Sminthurinussp. 1 andTullbergia antarcticawere more influenced by soil properties in the CLI system, compared to the others. Collembola community structure and species diversity were modified by the soil management systems. Our results suggest that the Collembola community may indicate changes across land management systems in conservation agriculture.
Epidemiology of cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma
Authors: Wu Albert , Rajak Saul N , Chiang Chun‐Ju , Lee Wen‐Chung , Huilgol Shyamala C , Selva Dinesh
Published: July 2020

There has been uncertainty about the demographics and anatomical distribution of cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma. This study aims to investigate these uncertainties by analysing data from various countries. Data were obtained from cancer registries of the United States, England, Norway and Taiwan, and incidence rates were calculated with uniform age‐adjustment. sebaceous carcinoma was more commonly reported in males than females in white populations, whereas the inverse was true in Taiwan. Ocular sebaceous carcinoma was more commonly reported in females than males in all populations, despite male predominance in white populations. The majority (approx. 70–90%) occurred on head and neck in Asians and whites. Age‐adjusted incidence rate (to the 2000–2025 WHO World Standard Population) ranged from 0.07 to 0.18 per 100 000 person‐years and was not higher in Taiwanese than in white populations.
Black Geographies of Respite: Relief, Recuperation, and Resonance at Florida A&M University
Authors: Allen Douglas L.
Published: July 2020

In this article, I argue thatplaces of respiteprovide relief from the burdens of oppressive articulations and experiences of society and space and are produced through three general practices:reliefas a practice that mitigates psychological and physical burdens of oppression;recuperationas a form of (self‐)care that can help heal harms; andaffirmative resonanceas a practice of counter‐storytelling that challenges hegemonic social narratives and internalises affirmative narratives for marginalised peoples. Through a case study with members of the Marching 100 at Florida A&M University (FAMU), I demonstrate how these relational practices produce FAMU as a multiscalar place of respite for black students. Finally, I claim that places of respite, produced through a black sense of place, offer scholars interested in affirmative black geographies an ontological object produced by (and productive of) visions and practices of black life and produced for the celebration and protection of black lives.
Volume blood flow‐based indices of fetal brain sparing in the second half of pregnancy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Stefopoulou Maria , Johnson Jonas , Wilsgaard Tom , Lindgren Peter , Herling Lotta , Kiserud Torvid , Acharya Ganesh
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and umbilicocerebral ratio (UCR) are clinically used as a measure of fetal brain sparing. These are calculated as the ratios between the pulsatility indices (PIs) of middle cerebral (MCA) and umbilical (UA) arteries, and are an indirect representation of the balance between cerebral and placental perfusion. Volume blood flow (Q)‐based ratios, ie Q‐CPR or Q‐UCR, would directly reflect the distribution of fetal cardiac output to the placenta and brain. Thus, we aimed to determine the development pattern of Q‐CPR and Q‐UCR during the second half of pregnancy, construct reference intervals, and evaluate their association with CPR and UCR.

Material and methods

In a longitudinal cohort study of low‐risk pregnancies, the inner diameter of the fetal superior vena cava (SVC) and umbilical vein (UV) was measured and velocity waveforms were obtained from the MCA, UA, UV and SVC using ultrasound at approximately 4‐weekly intervals from 20 to 41 weeks. The CPR was calculated as PIMCA/PIUA and the inverse ratio was the UCR. Cerebral and placental blood flows were estimated as the product of mean velocity and cross‐sectional area of the SVC and UV, respectively. Q‐CPR was calculated as QSVC/QUV and the inverse as the Q‐UCR. Gestational age‐specific reference intervals were calculated and associations between variables were tested using multilevel regression modeling.

Results

Longitudinal reference intervals of Q‐CPR and Q‐UCR were established based on 471 paired measurements of QSVC and QUV obtained serially from 134 singleton pregnancies. The mean Q‐CPR increased from 0.4 to 0.8 during the second half of pregnancy and Q‐UCR declined from 2.5 to 1.3, while the CPR and UCR had U‐shaped curves but in opposite directions. No significant correlation was found between CPR and Q‐CPR (R = 0.10; P = .051), or UCR and Q‐UCR (R = 0.09; P = .11), and the agreement between PI‐based and Q‐based indices of fetal brain sparing was poor.

Conclusions

Indices of fetal brain sparing based on placental and cerebral volume blood flow differ from those calculated from UA and MCA PIs. They correlated poorly with conventional CPR and UCR, indicating that they may provide additional/different physiological information. Reference values of Q‐CPR and Q‐UCR established here can be useful to investigate their clinical value further.
Behavioral Benefits of a Process‐Focused Workout Program: A Quasi‐Experimental Test
Authors: Furman Celina R. , Rothman Alexander J.
Published: July 2020

Background

Research suggests that focusing on the process of losing weight (i.e. how to eat and exercise) may be more advantageous for sustained engagement with goal pursuit than focusing on weight loss itself. However, gym‐based weight loss programs focus almost exclusively on outcomes (e.g. weight, appearance). Using a quasi‐experimental design, this study provides a test of subjective and behavioral outcomes of a process‐ versus an outcome‐focused approach integrated into an 8‐week workout challenge at four fitness studios.

Methods

Four hundred and forty‐eight individuals who were enrolled in the workout challenge consented to participate in study assessments at the start of the 8‐week challenge, the end of the 8‐week challenge, and again 8 weeks later.

Results

The process‐ and outcome‐focused programs produced similar subjective experiences, but the process‐focused program was associated with greater workout attendance, more adoption of supplemental weight‐loss strategies, and higher completion of the program requirements.

Conclusions

As compared to traditional outcome‐focused approaches, process‐focused weight loss programs may elicit behavioral benefits, such as maintaining engagement with the behavioral demands of weight loss.
Minimally invasive hybrid surgery: A salvage tumor enucleation for local recurrence of thoracic esophageal carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kanamori Jun , Abe Seiichiro , Kurita Daisuke , Ishiyama Koshiro , Hirano Yuki , Oguma Junya , Oda Ichiro , Saito Yutaka , Daiko Hiroyuki
Published: July 2020

Local recurrence after definitive chemoradiation for esophageal carcinoma is associated with poor outcomes. Although salvage esophagectomy is a standard treatment that offers a chance of long‐term survival, the procedure is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive hybrid surgery (MIHS) employs thoracoscopic and esophagoscopic procedures and is generally used to treat benign esophageal submucosal tumors. A 64‐year‐old man with thoracic esophageal carcinoma experienced local relapse after definitive chemoradiation. He underwent MIHS and was discharged 18 days after surgery with a slight degree of stricture. Pathological findings revealed squamous cell carcinoma with no residual tumor in the resection margins, and the patient remains free from cancer relapse 24 months after surgery. Here, we report the findings in this patient, in whom MIHS was successfully performed as a salvage tumor enucleation for local recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy.
Evidence‐informed Approach to Setting Standards: A Discussion on the Research Strategies of AASB and AUASB
Authors: Garg Mukesh , Peach Kris , Simnett Roger
Published: July 2020

This paper provides a commentary on the approach used by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) and the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB) in setting standards which are consistent with their vision and mission to contribute to stakeholder confidence in the Australian economy, including its capital markets, and in external reporting. The objective of the paper is to inform a wide range of stakeholders including academics, assurance practitioners, investors, preparers of financial reports and regulators on how the two standardsetters use a robust and transparent evidence‐informed approach to setting standards and guidance in Australia. The evidence is also applied to influence international standardsetters and to enhance key international relationships by demonstrating thought leadership. The AASB's and the AUASB's standard‐setting process involves robust consultation with stakeholders and is guided by the evidence‐informed standard‐setting frameworks of the two boards. The paper also provides insight into how evidence is gathered and implemented by the standardsetters and discusses the process for building and maintaining strong relationships with the research community. The collaborative effort not only supports researchers in contributing to the academic literature but also for them to have a regulatory impact by informing the financial reporting and assurance standard‐setting process.
Facial expressions when learning with a Queer History App: Application of the Control Value Theory of Achievement Emotions
Authors: Ahn Byunghoon “Tony” , Harley Jason M.
Published: July 2020

Learning analytics (LA) incorporates analyzing cognitive, social and emotional processes in learning scenarios to make informed decisions regarding instructional design and delivery. Research has highlighted important roles that emotions play in learning. We have extended this field of research by exploring the role of emotions in a relatively uncommon learning scenario: learning about queer history with a multimedia mobile app. Specifically, we used an automatic facial recognition software (FaceReader 7) to measure learners’ discrete emotions and a counter‐balanced multiple‐choice quiz to assess learning. We also used an eye tracker (EyeLink 1000) to identify the emotions learners experienced while they read specific content, as opposed to the emotions they experienced over the course of the entire learning session. A total of 33 out of 57 of the learners’ data were eligible to be analyzed. Results revealed that learners expressed more negative‐activating emotions (ie, anger, anxiety) and negative‐deactivating emotions (ie, sadness) than positive‐activating emotions (ie, happiness). Learners with an angry emotion profile had the highest learning gains. The importance of examining typically undesirable emotions in learning, such as anger, is discussed using the control‐value theory of achievement emotions. Further, this study describes a multimodal methodology to integrate behavioral trace data into learning analytics research.
Overcoming vincristine resistance in cancer: Computational design and discovery of piperine‐inspired P‐glycoprotein inhibitors
Authors: Syed Safiulla Basha , Lin Shu‐Yu , Arya Hemant , Fu I‐Hsuan , Yeh Teng‐Kuang , Charles Mariasoosai Ramya Chandar , Periyasamy Latha , Hsieh Hsing‐Pang , Coumar Mohane Selvaraj
Published: July 2020

P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)/MDR‐1 plays a major role in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) by pumping the chemotherapeutic drugs out of the cancer cells and reducing their efficacy. A number of P‐gp inhibitors were reported to reverse the MDR when co‐administered with chemotherapeutic drugs. Unfortunately, none has approved for clinical use due to toxicity issues. Some of the P‐gp inhibitors tested in the clinics are reported to have cross‐reactivity with CYP450 drug‐metabolizing enzymes, resulting in unpredictable pharmacokinetics and toxicity of co‐administered chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, two piperine analogs (3 and 4) having lower cross‐reactivity with CYP3A4 drug‐metabolizing enzyme are identified as P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitors through computational design, followed by synthesis and testing in MDR cancer cell lines over‐expressing P‐gp (KB ChR 8–5, SW480‐VCR, and HCT‐15). Both the analogs significantly increased the vincristine efficacy in MDR cancer cell lines at low micromole concentrations. Specifically, 3 caused complete reversal of vincristine resistance in KB ChR 8–5 cells and found to act as competitive inhibitor of P‐gp as well as potentiated the vincristine‐induced NF‐KB‐mediated apoptosis. Therefore, 3 ((2E,4E)‐1‐(6,7‐dimethoxy‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐2(1H)‐yl)‐5‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)penta‐2,4‐dien‐1‐one) can serve as a potential P‐gp inhibitor for in vivo investigations, to reverse multidrug resistance in cancer.
Chromosome microarray analysis should be offered to all invasive prenatal diagnostic testing following a normal rapid aneuploidy test result
Authors: Rodriguez‐Revenga Laia , Madrigal Irene , Borrell Antoni , Martinez Josep M. , Sabria Joan , Martin Lourdes , Jimenez Wladimiro , Mira Aurea , Badenas Celia , Milà Montserrat
Published: July 2020

Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has now replaced karyotyping in the analysis of prenatal cases with a fetal structural anomaly, whereas in those pregnancies undergoing invasive prenatal diagnosis with a normal fetal ultrasound, conventional karyotyping is still performed. The aims of this study were to establish the diagnostic yield of CMA in prenatal diagnosis, and to provide new data that might contribute to reconsider current practices. We reviewed 2905 prenatal samples with a normal rapid aneuploidy detection test referred for evaluation by CMA testing. Our study revealed pathogenic and reported susceptibility copy number variants associated with syndromic disorders in 4.8% (n = 138/2905) of cases, being 2.8% (n = 81/2905) the estimated added diagnostic value of CMA over karyotyping. Clinically significant CMA abnormality was detected in 5.4% (107/1975) of the fetuses with ultrasound anomalies and in 1.4% (5/345) of those considered as low‐risk pregnancies. Our series shows that in prenatal samples, CMA increases 2‐fold the diagnostic yield achieved by conventional karyotyping.
The Evolution of India's Industrial Labour Share and its Correlates
Authors: Jayadev Arjun , Narayan Amay
Published: July 2020

There has been substantial recent interest in the decline of labour shares across many countries. For the most part, attention has been focused on developed countries. This article examines the evolution of India's labour share in its formal industrial sector from 1983 to 2016. Using two datasets corresponding to sectoral aggregate data and plant‐level data respectively, the authors document a secular decline in the labour share across all sectors from 1983, with a stabilization at very low levels (around 8 to 10 per cent) starting around 2007. The plant‐level data are used to identify correlates that illuminate reasons for the overall decline in the labour share. The authors find strong evidence to support multiple causes, including increased capital intensity, greater informalization, greater privatization, and productivity increases in larger firms; they therefore suggest that the declines in labour share experienced are due to a composite set of factors. Conversely, other potential explanations (such as regional variation in the labour share) have less explanatory power.
External Financial Liberalization and Macroeconomic Performance in Emerging Countries: An Empirical Evaluation of the Brazilian Case
Authors: Cunha André Moreira , Prates Daniela Magalhães , da Silva Pedro Perfeito
Published: July 2020

This article evaluates the effects of external financial liberalization on Brazilian macroeconomic performance from 1995 to 2016. Its main contributions are to assess the influence of the global financial cycle on the level of external financial liberalization and to analyse the short‐ and long‐run macroeconomic effects of such liberalization on the performance of a peripheral economy in the global currency hierarchy. Methodologically, the article employs the Markov‐Switching Vector Autoregressive and Vector Error Correction models. The results show that the global financial cycle directly affects cross‐border financial flows and frames the impact of external financial liberalization on the macroeconomic performance. The article concludes that external financial liberalization has negative macroeconomic effects in the short run and generates a trade‐off between stability and growth in the long run.
Transportation Costs in Archipelagos: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Hayakawa Kazunobu , Isono Ikumo , Kumagai Satoru
Published: July 2020

This paper empirically examines the effects of domestic transportation costs on product prices in an archipelagic country, namely, Indonesia. Specifically, we investigate the province‐level price of televisions. Our analysis reveals that maritime transportation is more expensive than land transportation. For example, a 1% increase in distance in maritime and land transportation increases the price of televisions by 0.08% and 0.02%, respectively. This result implies that the geographical concentration or agglomeration of industries is much costlier in archipelagic countries. In other words, enjoying agglomeration effects is more difficult for archipelagic countries compared with countries on a continent; thus, archipelagic countries have a topographical disadvantage.
Histological validation of a type 1 diabetes clinical diagnostic model for classification of diabetes
Authors: Carr A. L. J. , Perry D. J. , Lynam A. L. , Chamala S. , Flaxman C. S. , Sharp S. A. , Ferrat L. A. , Jones A. G. , Beery M. L. , Jacobsen L. M. , Wasserfall C. H. , Campbell‐Thompson M. L. , Kusmartseva I. , Posgai A. , Schatz D. A. , Atkinson M. A. , Brusko T. M. , Richardson S. J. , Shields B. M. , Oram R. A.
Published: July 2020

Aims

Misclassification of diabetes is common due to an overlap in the clinical features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Combined diagnostic models incorporating clinical and biomarker information have recently been developed that can aid classification, but they have not been validated using pancreatic pathology. We evaluated a clinical diagnostic model against histologically defined type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We classified cases from the Network for Pancreatic Organ donors with Diabetes (nPOD) biobank as type 1 (n = 111) or non‐type 1 (n = 42) diabetes using histopathology. Type 1 diabetes was defined by lobular loss of insulin‐containing islets along with multiple insulin‐deficient islets. We assessed the discriminative performance of previously described type 1 diabetes diagnostic models, based on clinical features (age at diagnosis, BMI) and biomarker data [autoantibodies, type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (T1D‐GRS)], and singular features for identifying type 1 diabetes by the area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic (AUC‐ROC).

Results

Diagnostic models validated well against histologically defined type 1 diabetes. The model combining clinical features, islet autoantibodies and T1D‐GRS was strongly discriminative of type 1 diabetes, and performed better than clinical features alone (AUC‐ROC 0.97 vs. 0.95; P = 0.03). Histological classification of type 1 diabetes was concordant with serum C‐peptide [median < 17 pmol/l (limit of detection) vs. 1037 pmol/l in non‐type 1 diabetes; P < 0.0001].

Conclusions

Our study provides robust histological evidence that a clinical diagnostic model, combining clinical features and biomarkers, could improve diabetes classification. Our study also provides reassurance that a C‐peptide‐based definition of type 1 diabetes is an appropriate surrogate outcome that can be used in large clinical studies where histological definition is impossible.

Parts of this study were presented in abstract form at the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors Conference, Florida, USA, 19–22 February 2019 and Diabetes UK Professional Conference, Liverpool, UK, 6–8 March 2019.
The single nucleotide polymorphism rs11643718 in SLC12A3 is associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yang J.‐F. , Xiong X.‐F. , Xiao Y. , Wei L. , Li L. , Yang M. , Han Y.‐C. , Zhao H. , Li C.‐R. , Jiang N. , Xiong S. , Zeng L.‐F. , Zhou Z.‐G. , Liu S.‐P. , Wang N.‐S. , Fan Y. , Sun L.
Published: July 2020

Aims

To examine the association between 24 literature‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods and results

Twenty‐four candidate diabetic kidney disease‐susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 208 participants with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease and 200 participants with type 2 diabetes without diabetic kidney disease (case and control groups, respectively), together with 206 healthy participants using MassARRAY. Rs11643718 in the SLC12A3 gene was associated with diabetic kidney disease in the recessive model after adjusting for confounding factors, such as age and gender (adjusted odds ratio 2.056, 95% CI 1.120–3.776; P = 0.020). Meta‐analyses further confirmed the association (P = 0.002). In addition, participants with the GG genotype had worse renal function and more albuminuria than those with the AA+AG genotype (P < 0.05). Renal section immunohistochemistry was conducted in participants with type 2 diabetes, diabetic kidney disease and AA+AG or GG genotypes and in participants with glomerular minor lesions. Together with data from the Nephroseq database, it was shown that the abundance of SLC12A3 was reduced in patients with the GG genotype, while elevated expression of SLC12A3 was associated with better renal function. In addition, rs10951509 and rs1345365 in ELMO1, which were determined to be in high linkage disequilibrium by SHEsis software, were also associated with diabetic kidney disease (adjusted P = 0.010 and 0.015, respectively).

Conclusions

The G allele and GG genotype of SLC12A3 rs11643718 are associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes.
Molecular basis for the recognition of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein by the 14‐3‐3 protein family
Authors: Tugaeva Kristina V. , Titterington James , Sotnikov Dmitriy V. , Maksimov Eugene G. , Antson Alfred A. , Sluchanko Nikolai N.
Published: July 2020

Steroidogenesis in adrenals and gonads starts from cholesterol transport to mitochondria. This is mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STARD1), containing a mitochondrial import sequence followed by a cholesterol‐binding START domain. Although mutations in this protein have been linked to lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LCAH), the mechanism of steroidogenesis regulation by STARD1 remains debatable. It has been hypothesized to involve a molten‐globule structural transition and interaction with 14‐3‐3 proteins. In this study, we aimed to address the structural basis for the 14‐3‐3‐STARD1 interaction. We show that, while the isolated START domain does not interact with 14‐3‐3, this interaction is enabled by STARD1 phosphorylation at Ser57, close to the mitochondrial peptide cleavage site. Biochemical analysis of the STARD1 affinity toward 14‐3‐3 and crystal structures of 14‐3‐3 complexes with Ser57 and Ser195 phosphopeptides suggest distinct roles of site‐specific phosphorylations in recruiting 14‐3‐3, to modulate STARD1 activity, processing and import to the mitochondria. Phosphorylation at Ser195 creates a unique conditional site that could only bind to 14‐3‐3 upon partial unfolding of the START domain. Overall, our findings on the interaction between 14‐3‐3 and STARD1 may have potential clinical implications for patients with LCAH.
Care and community revalued during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A feminist couple perspective
Authors: Vohra Swati , Taneja Mandeep
Published: July 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic led us to understand and revalue care ethics within our daily lives and communities based on the feminist theory of care ethics. This article is a personal reflection of an academic couple living in Japan as we reflect on our experiences and the challenges encountered in caring for ourselves and our community. We discuss the ideas of care theory mainly: caring‐about and caring‐for, interchangeably in our discussion across the three‐stage categories: Home — A Commonplace; Care Ethics in Community; and Care Ethics for Self. Through these personal narratives, we strive to recognize the struggles of living through the pandemic in a virtually connected world that often disconnects us from self. We foster the idea of embracing care ethics as a starting point at an individual level.
Potato flour as a functional ingredient in bread: evaluation of bread quality and starch characteristics
Authors: Whitney Kristin , Simsek Senay
Published: July 2020

Potatoes have been added to bread for improvement of texture and moisture retention. The functional quality and starch digestibility in bread containing 5%, 10% or 15% potato flour were evaluated. Farinograph absorption of wheat and potato flour blends ranged from 59.0% to 77.7%. Bread with potato flour had significantly (P < 0.05) lower bread firmness during storage. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in starch molecular weight as the level of potato flour increased. Inclusion of potato flour in these breads significantly (P < 0.05) increased the level of resistant starch (RS), while significantly (P < 0.05) decreasing the estimated glycemic index (eGI). Bread with no potato flour had 5.2% RS and an eGI of 95, while the bread with 15% potato flour had 11.3% RS and an eGI of 87. Overall, the addition of potato flour may reduce dough strength and loaf volume, but it reduced staling and increased resistant starch content of the bread.
Boiled yam end‐user preferences and implications for trait evaluation
Authors: Honfozo Laurenda , Adinsi Laurent , Bouniol Alexandre , Adetonah Sounkoura , Forsythe Lora , Kleih Ulrich , Hounhouigan Joseph D. , Fliedel Geneviève , Akissoe Noël H.
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to establish the quality characteristics of raw and boiled yam by involving stakeholders along the food chain using a methodology that includes a state of knowledge review, focus group discussion and individual interviews, participatory processing diagnosis with processors and consumer testing. Predictive characteristics of yam for producing a high‐ and low‐quality boiled yam were related to morphological or physicochemical characteristics: peeled yam discoloration and mucilage content being negatively appreciated while the ease of peeling, viscous state of cooking water and the ease of breaking yam into pieces positively valued. High‐quality boiled yam should be white or yellowish, sticky to the fingers, nonfibrous, easy to chew, crumbly/friable, with a sweet taste and a good smell. The overall liking of boiled yam is greatly penalised by a too dark colour, hard to the touch, no sweet taste and no friability while eating.