bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Une République s’étendant sur plusieurs continents » : le projet non advenu du Comité d’action pour une République fédérale française de 1957
Authors: Houle Vincent
Published: August 2021

In reaction to the imperial fragmentation and particularly to Algerian demands, various solutions were considered in 1950s metropolitan France. The project published in 1957 by the Comité d’action pour une République fédérale française stood out: it proposed a new constitution that would extend the Republic to a federal entity comprising the metropole, the colonies, as well as territories and departments of the “outre-mer.” Supported by a notable federalist organization, this “Republic extending to multiple continents” sought to maintain imperial dynamics despite progressive claims. Through the analysis of this project that never occurred, I state that the imperial crisis led some French to conceptualize the Republic outside of its traditional nation-state boundaries. The imagined French federal republic included many territories and people, a vision that can only be understood through an extended conceptual frame detached from the national paradigm.
“I May Vote Like All Women”: Protest, Gender, and Suffrage in French Senegal, 1944–1945
Authors: Fransee Emily Lord
Published: August 2021

En 1945 dans les Quatre Communes du Sénégal français, des manifestations en faveur du suffrage des femmes ont démontré l’importance du genre dans les débats sur les limites de la citoyenneté coloniale française. Cet article contextualise les manifestations nées des conflits d’après-guerre dans le discours de la réforme coloniale, la création de l’Union française et l’institution du suffrage féminin. Ainsi, il contribue aux études récentes sur l’histoire du genre et de l’impérialisme, de la citoyenneté coloniale et de l’universalisme. Au Sénégal en 1945, les hommes et les femmes ont combiné des modes locaux d’activisme et de pouvoir avec un vocabulaire républicain français pour affirmer le droit de vote des femmes. Cela souligne les nombreuses façons dont les personnes extérieures à l’administration coloniale ont structuré la politique coloniale. Les débats sur l’autonomie et les droits politiques n’étaient pas exclusivement nationalistes, mais pouvaient aussi soutenir un système politique transformé dans lequel les habitants de l’empire jouaient un rôle actif et égal.
Análisis de eficiencia financiera de las empresas cotizantes en el mercado accionario colombiano para el periodo 2012- 2017
Authors: Balseiro Barrios Hector Darío , Luna Amador Jorge Armando , Maza Ávila Francisco Javier
Published: August 2021

Este artículo busca evaluar la eficiencia financiera de 69 empresas cotizantes en el mercado accionario colombiano (2012-2017), para conocer cómo llevan a cabo la asignación óptima de recursos. Para ello, se aplica el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) —con los modelos CCR, BCC y EE— a las variables de Ingresos operacionales, Propiedad, Planta y equipo, Inversiones e Inventarios de tales empresas. Los resultados arrojan que la mayoría no asignan de forma eficiente los recursos durante el periodo considerado, ya que, en promedio, solo 17 (26,82 %) logran la eficiencia, mientras que apenas 6 la mantienen ininterrumpidamente. En la investigación se concluye que el tipo de escala utilizado por las empresas no es determinante en el resultado de eficiencia obtenido.
Independencia de la junta directiva y desempeño financiero: evidencia de empresas colombianas
Authors: Lagos Cortés Diógenes , Roncancio Rachid Rolando
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre la independencia de la junta directiva y el desempeño financiero (variables ROA, ROE y Q de Tobin). Se usaron dos perspectivas de independencia: por un lado, la Ley 964 de 2005, obligatoria en el mercado de valores colombiano; por otro, una perspectiva ampliada que incluyó relaciones de negocios (directorios cruzados, antigüedad), relaciones financieras (paquetes de compensación, participación en la propiedad) y relaciones personales (fundadores, miembros de la familia propietaria) como factores que limitan la independencia. Se usaron modelos de regresión (efectos aleatorios) en un panel de datos no balanceado compuesto por 69 empresas de la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia. Los resultados mostraron que una definición de independencia más rigurosa es apreciada mejor por el mercado. En específico, se encontró que la independencia de la junta directiva no afecta el desempeño contable (ROA y ROE), pero sí el desempeño en el mercado (Q de Tobin).
An Unusual Presentation of Celiac Disease: Vertigo
Authors: Kasapoğlu Benan
Published: August 2021

Celiac disease (CD), intolerance to gluten, is characterized by the autoimmune inflammation of the small intestine in genetically susceptible individuals. Herein, we will report a case of a patient diagnosed with CD during investigations performed for recurrent vertigo attacks. Clinicians should be aware that CD may also present with vertigo, and espe- cially in patients with recurrent and prolonged vertigo attacks, CD should also be ruled out.
On the rotational symmetry of 3-dimensional κ-solutions
Authors: Bamler Richard H. , Kleiner Bruce
Published: August 2021

In a recent paper, Brendle showed the uniqueness of the Bryant soliton among 3-dimensional κ-solutions.
In this paper, we present an alternative proof for this fact and show that compact κ-solutions are rotationally symmetric.
Our proof arose from independent work relating to our Strong Stability Theorem for singular Ricci flows.
Bayesian multi-response nonlinear mixed-effect model: application of two recent HIV infection biomarkers
Authors: Castel Charlotte , Sommen Cécile , Chatignoux Edouard , Le Strat Yann , Alioum Ahmadou
Published: August 2021

Since the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 35 years ago, the epidemic is still ongoing in France. To monitor the dynamics of HIV transmission and assess the impact of prevention campaigns, the main indicator is the incidence. One method to estimate the HIV incidence is based on biomarker values at diagnosis and their dynamics over time. Estimating the HIV incidence from biomarkers first requires modeling their dynamics since infection using external longitudinal data. The objective of the work presented here is to estimate the joint dynamics of two biomarkers from the PRIMO cohort. We thus jointly modeled the dynamics of two biomarkers (TM and V3) using a multi-response nonlinear mixed-effect model. The parameters were estimated using Bayesian Hamiltonian Monte Carlo inference. This procedure was first applied to the real data of the PRIMO cohort. In a simulation study, we then evaluated the performance of the Bayesian procedure for estimating the parameters of multi-response nonlinear mixed-effect models.
Empirical influence functions and their non-standard applications
Authors: Duchnowski Robert , Wyszkowska Patrycja
Published: August 2021

The main objective of the empirical influence function (EIF) is to describe how estimates behave when an observation set is affected by gross errors. Unlike the influence function, which represents the estimation method’s general properties, EIF can provide valuable information about applying different methods to a particular network. The chosen example allows us to compare different robust methods. The paper focuses on non-standard applications of EIF, for example, in assuming steering parameter of robust methods (usually related to the assumed interval for acceptable observation errors). The paper shows that commonly used values do not always work well, and EIFs might help choose appropriate values, guaranteeing the estimation process’s robustness. The most important new application of EIFs concerns the detection and assessment of a single gross error. The blinded experiments proved that such an approach is correct and can be an alternative to classic statistical tests for outlier detection.
‚können‘ als kommunikative Ressource zur Markierung des Möglichkeitsraums bei Teilhabeeinschränkungen
Authors: Kohl Justine , Dobslaw Gudrun
Published: August 2021

To people with impairments, communicating their capabilities to participate in social life is a central issue. In this paper, we examine these very capabilities in the context of the use of the German modal verb können. We show that in the present data – group conversations from ‘Future Workshops’ embedded in the research project ‘Gut leben in NRW’ – the modal verb functions as a communicative resource which participants use to mark and articulate their own capabilities on a linguistic as well as interactional level, to negotiate them and to position themselves along with it. On the methodological level, concepts from two different disciplines are linked: the social science capability approach of Sen (2010) and Nussbaum (1999) and conversation analysis according to Deppermann (2008 [1999])
Die Nativierung des Standarddeutschen
Authors: Pröll Simon
Published: August 2021

Presently, Standard German is in the process of becoming a nativized variety of German after centuries without native speakers. Over the course of the twentieth and twenty-first century, an increasing number of speakers have acquired Standard German as a first language, marking an important transitional phase in its social history. The article first discusses this from a theoretical and socio-historical perspective before providing empirical evidence for this change: Drawing on data from an apparent time study (involving 142 participants aged 20 to 90) and an experimental elicitation (from 35 kindergartners), it documents that at the present stage two typologically distinct systems can be observed in Southern Germany: Both a non-standard suprasegmental system that allows stressed syllables to be light and the Standard German system that requires stressed syllables to be heavy exist and are used simultaneously. The analyses show an ongoing shift towards the Standard German syllable system, proving that the Standard German syllable system is indeed undergoing a nativization process. The article closes with implications for language teaching, variational linguistics and the typological assessment of German that arise from these findings.
Development of Marble Dust/Waste PET Based Polymer Composite Material for Environmental Sustainability: Fabrication and Characterizations
Authors: Islam Anas , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Kumar Dwivedi Vijay , Sharma Shubham , Kozak Dražan
Published: August 2021

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is available at a very low cost compared to the conventional methods of disposal. The reason for using marble dust is that it has good mechanical properties, and it is also a nonflammable compound. To develop the biocomposite, PET was allowed to mix with marble dust in a screwed extruder, and then its mechanical and physical properties were examined. Results indicate that the highest value of tensile strength was 14.5 MPa found at 15 wt. % of marble dust; the highest value of hardness was 31.45 HV at a wt. % of 17.5 % of marble dust; the highest ductility (percent elongation) was 2.2 at 0 wt. % of marble dust; and the highest value of compressive strength was 72.32 MPa at a wt. % of 17.5 % of marble dust. Because of its excellent mechanical and thermal properties, the addition of marble dust enhances the mechanical properties of the developed biocomposite significantly compared to the base material. The water absorption test, soil degradation test, and acid corrosion test of developed biocomposite has also been observed to identify the effect of marble dust in PET. In the current study, an attempt has been made to produce a composite material by utilizing waste PET as a matrix and marble dust as a reinforcement. The main reason for utilizing these wastes is to minimize the pollution that is caused by these agents.
Zur Haftung für fehlerhafte Sekundärmarktinformation im Lichte der Hypo Real Estate-Entscheidung des BGH
Authors: Nietsch Michael
Published: August 2021

Im unlängst ergangenen Hypo Real Estate-Beschluss entwickelt der BGH seine Rechtsprechung zu mehreren Grundsatzfragen der Haftung für fehlerhafte Ad-hoc-Mitteilungen (nunmehr §§ 97, 98 WpHG) weiter. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Erwägung, dass eine von diesen Vorschriften nicht erfasste informelle Verlautbarung des Emittenten (konkret eine Pressemitteilung) im Falle ihrer Fehlerhaftigkeit zu einer neuen Insiderinformation führt. Die dergestalt entstandene Korrekturpflicht fügt sich nur auf den ersten Blick problemlos in das System der Ad-hoc-Publizitätspflicht. Bei näherer Betrachtung erweist sie sich zumindest als ergänzungsbedürftig. Der nachfolgende Beitrag zeichnet die wesentlichen Aussagen der Entscheidung nach und analysiert die sich daraus ergebenden Folgefragen.
Lückenschließung bei unwirksamen Zinsanpassungsklauseln im anglo-amerikanischen, romanischen und deutschen Rechtskreis
Authors: Omlor Sebastian , Limbach Francis , De Stasio Vincenzo
Published: August 2021

Durch die Rechtsstreitigkeiten um Zinspassungen bei langfristigen Prämiensparverträgen ist in Deutschland zuletzt die Lückenfüllung bei unwirksamen Vertragsklauseln in den Fokus der vertrags- wie bankrechtlichen Debatte gerückt. Der nachfolgende Beitrag gibt – in Anknüpfung an Omlor, ZBB 2020, 355 (zur deutschen Rechtslage) – einen rechtsvergleichenden Überblick zu den damit zusammenhängenden Rechtsfragen für den anglo-amerikanischen (England, USA/New York), den romanischen (Frankreich, Italien) und den deutschen Rechtskreis (Österreich, Schweiz).
Effective diameters of drilled holes in pinewood in response to changes in relative humidity
Authors: Sydor Maciej , Majka Jerzy , Langová Nadežda
Published: August 2021

Wood swelling and shrinkage affect the cooperation among the elements of furniture and should be considered during design. This study investigated the influence of moisture changes to the effective diameter of holes drilled in narrow and in wide sides of pine blanks. The moisture content (MC) of all samples has been averaged to 11.3-11.8% (air-conditioning for 4 month with RH = 60 ± 1% and t = 20 ± 1 °C). The 12 mm holes were drilled in radial and tangential directions of the samples. The MC in half of the samples was increased to 17.4-17.9% (air-conditioning for 6 months with RH = 85% and t = 20 ± 1 °C), and the MC in the second half of the samples was decreased to 8.2% (air-conditioning for six months with RH = 35% and t = 20 ± 1 °C). There were nonuniform changes in MC of the samples. Air with RH = 85% increased the MC by 6%, air with RH = 35% decreased the MC by 3%. The effective diameters of the holes were more sensitive to a decrease in air RH than to an increase the air RH. The swelling changes of wood significantly reduced the effective hole diameter, while adsorption shrinkage changes in wood only slightly increased the effective diameters of the holes. The pine blanks swell and shrink asymmetrically, but the changes in the effective diameter of the holes are not correlated with these phenomena. They also have a different form for holes drilled in radial and tangential directions.
Neutrophilic asthma: a complex phenotype of severe asthma
Authors: Syabbalo Nightingale
Published: August 2021

Asthma is a common chronic airway disease affecting about 334 million people worldwide, and an estimated 7 million children globally. Approximately 10% of patients with asthma have severe refractory disease, which is difficult to control on high doses of inhaled corticosteroids and other modifiers. Among these, are patients with severe neutrophilic asthma. Neutrophilic asthma is a phenotype of asthma that is very severe and persistent, with frequent exacerbations, and characterized by fixed airway obstruction. It is associated with comorbidities such as respiratory infections, obesity, gastroeosophageal reflux disease, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Immunopathologically, it is characterized by the presence of high levels of neutrophils in the lungs and airways. Neutrophils and the interleukin-17 family of cytokines play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of severe neutrophilic asthma. Most patients with the disease do not achieve control with high dose inhaled corticosteroids, and probably to novel IgE, interleukin and interleukin monoclonal antibodies.
СТВОРЕННЯ МІНЕРАЛЬНО-СИРОВИННОЇ БАЗИ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ (КРИТИЧНИХ) МЕТАЛІВ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ПРУТІВСЬКОГО КОМПЛЕКСНОГО РОДОВИЩА МІДНО-НІКЕЛЕВИХ І БЛАГОРОДНОМЕТАЛЕВИХ РУД)
Authors: Палкін Ігор , Фалькович Олексій
Published: August 2021

Вступ. Підвищення інтересу до питання щодо можливості отримання країною деяких видів стратегічних (критичних) металів спонукало до посилення досліджень цього спрямування.Проблематика. Питанню створення власної мінерально-сировинної бази стратегічних (критичних) металів присвячено чимало праць та досліджень, проте системного розгляду з укладанням відповідної стратегії галузі так і нездійснено. Недостатньо уваги приділено урахуванню сучасних інвестиційних вимог, особливо під час проведеннягеологорозвідувальних робіт і вибору схем переробки руд.Мета. Оцінити наявну інформацію щодо перспективності освоєння Прутівського комплексного родовища сульфідних мідно-нікелевих і благороднометалевих руд та окреслити необхідні першочергові кроки для підготовки родовища саме до комплексної розробки.
Матеріали й методи. Критично проаналізовано інформацію з відкритих (опублікованих) джерел за останні 25 років щодо перспектив рудоносності території України на благородні та кольорові метали, зокрема щодо потенційної платиноносності, з урахуванням власного доробку й досвіду авторів.Результати. Показано недостатність наявної інформації про перспективність Прутівського комплексного родовища сульфідних мідно-нікелевих та благороднометалевих руд та суперечливість деяких джерел. Натепер із різним ступенем детальності вивчені близько 20 % рудоперспективних порід Прутівського інтрузивного масиву. Доведено необхідність зміни підходів до підготовки і розробки родовища, які повинні орієнтуватися на сучасні схеми комплексної переробки руд з урахуванням світових інвестиційних вимог.Висновки. Показано, що остаточний висновок щодо промислового значення й інвестиційної привабливості Прутівського комплексного родовища можна буде зробити лише після виконання чітко визначеного комплексу робіт із дотриманням сучасних світових стандартів.
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF RELIGIOUS LEGAL RELATIONS
Authors: Kravtsova M. O. , Datsiuk T. K.
Published: August 2021

Both legal and religious responsibilities have a positive and a negative aspect of implementation. The reasons for the contradictions between the norms of religion are due to the following factors: uneven development and change of legal and religious norms, the lack of religious regulation of radical ways to change existing religious rules of conduct; features of the content of the legal norms themselves. The norms of religion are more related to the requirements of duties and prohibitions, and to a lesser extent to permission. The definition of religious actors is given and the existing religious actors and their role in the regulation of religious relations are considered. Also, when studying the spheres of activity of one or another, the following characteristics are identified: religious actors in defending their interests are sometimes not able to directly influence the adoption of specific political decisions; they achieve a systemic effect, which consists in “the dissemination of certain knowledge and values, raising awareness of the problem and changing the mass attitude to it, the development of public institutions”. As intercultural, intercivilizational and interreligious interactions intensify, such actors of world politics as representatives of traditional world religions begin to play a special role. Transnational religious actors are often the most authoritative participants in world processes. Religious actors are able to influence the values, behavior and collective choices of large groups of people.
A bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 research in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Espinosa Isabel , Cuenca Víctor , Eissa-Garcés Ahmed , Sisa Ivan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is one of the regions most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, there is scarce literature addressing the research strategies developed in LAC to face COVID-19.
Objective: To quantify and assess the production of scientific publications about COVID-19 in 32 countries of LAC between January 1 and July 31, 2020.
Materials and methods: Bibliometric study. Scientific papers on COVID-19 conducted in LAC or reporting data pertaining to LAC and published between January 1 to July 31, 2020, were searched in the Scopus, PubMed, and LILACS databases. A subgroup analysis including only original research articles was performed to determine the contribution of LAC countries to research on COVID-19, and standardization measures (# of articles per million people) were applied to compare the country-specific production of this type of articles.
Results: A total of 1 291 publications were retrieved. Overall, most of them were non-original research articles (81.72%), and the countries with the highest scientific production were Brazil (43.91%) and Mexico (9.14%). However, after applying the standardization measures, Chile was the country with the highest production of original articles (0.58 per million inhabitants). Regarding original studies (n=236), cross-sectional design was the most common (25.84%). Diagnosis and treatment of the disease was the main research focus (n=354; 27.42%). However, in the subgroup analysis (n=236), epidemiology and surveillance were the most prevalent research focus (n=57; 24.15%).
Conclusions: During the study period, non-original research articles were predominant in the scientific production of the LAC region, and interventional studies were scarce among original articles, while the cross-sectional design predominated. Further research with a better quality of evidence should be performed in these countries to contribute to the making of health policies aimed at easing the burden of COVID-19 in the region and preparing for future pandemics.
Perspectivas actuales sobre alimentación: del nutricionismo a la alimentación saludable, solidaria y sustentable
Authors: Cediel Gustavo , Pérez-Tamayo Eliana María , González-Zapata Laura , Gaitán-Charry Diego
Published: August 2021

Entre los múltiples discursos sobre nutrición y alimentación, hay dos perspectivas opuestas que se destacan: por una parte, el “nutricionismo”, que emergió con gran protagonismo en las décadas recientes y que reduce los conceptos de alimentación a la presencia o no de nutrientes, y de salud, a la ausencia de enfermedades; discurso que sido influenciado las ciencias nutricionales y alimentarias modernas y la conceptualización del actual régimen alimentario corporativo. Por otra parte, la perspectiva reemergente de la “alimentación saludable, solidaria y sustentable”, asociada al sistema alimentario tradicional ancestral, constituido a partir de la ética del bien común desde hace miles de años. Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre estas dos perspectivas, teniendo en cuenta el panorama histórico y el entorno sociopolítico que las caracterizan, con el propósito de contribuir al reconocimiento de un paradigma alimentario que está en línea con los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio y con el derecho humano a la alimentación. Además, esta reflexión pretende valorar los avances que se han realizado en Colombia para lograr una alimentación saludable, solidaria y sustentable en la población general.
Autoeficacia, percepción de barreras y beneficios de la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios costarricenses
Authors: Ortega Muñoz Angélica , Fumero Pérez Sergio , Solano López Ana Laura
Published: August 2021

Según la Teoría de Promoción de la Salud aspectos como autoeficacia, percepción de beneficios y barreras podrían estar influyendo en la actividad física. En Costa Rica se ha investigado poco este fenómeno en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería. Por lo que el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre autoeficacia y percepción beneficios y barreras de la actividad física en estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Esta investigación es un estudio de caso grupal, correlacional descriptivo. La población estuvo conformada por 42 estudiantes de segundo año de Enfermería. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Beneficios/Barreras para el ejercicio, y la Escala de Autoeficacia para la actividad física. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y la correlación de Pearson. Dentro de los resultados resalta que caminar obtuvo mayor autoeficacia seguido de actividades de la vida diaria y por último el ejercicio físico programado. El estudiantado identifica más los beneficios de la actividad física que las barreras. Existe una asociación entre la autoeficacia total para la actividad física y la percepción de beneficios del ejercicio y la autoeficacia para el ejercicio programado y las barreras del ejercicio. Se debe trabajar en potenciar los beneficios de la actividad física, así como en crear intervenciones que ayuden a la población estudiantil de enfermería a superar las barreras por medio del fortalecimiento de la autoeficacia para la actividad física independientemente de su intensidad.
Huckleberry Finn;or, Consequences
Authors: Margolis Stacey
Published: August 2021

A long-standing debate over Mark Twain'sAdventures of Huckleberry Finnturns on the question of intention. While defenders of the novel say that Huck's change of heart toward Jim represents a critique of social conformity, recent detractors claim that the novel's celebration of this change of heart represents a form of liberal bad faith. This essay argues that both readings misunderstand the novel, which works not only to highlight Huck's good intentions but also to replace this sentimental model of responsibility with one drawn from the emergent law of negligence. Having effects rather than intentions be grounds of liability, this new legal paradigm made persons responsible for the inadvertent harms they caused others. From the perspective of negligence,Huckleberry Finnis an indictment of post-Reconstruction racism—not because it offers friendship as a model of reform but because it imagines accountability even in the absence of malice.
The Library versus the Internet: Literary Studies under Siege?
Authors: Miall David S.
Published: August 2021

Along with many other aspects of north american culture, literary studies is being swept into the digital age. In considering what this might mean, I examine in particular how the Internet, with its many and protean conveniences for literature, is beginning to supplant the library, that traditional bastion of the text. The prospects for literature are not necessarily favorable. While libraries have been attempting to adapt to the Internet, the nature of the digital medium and some of the rhetoric that has attended it invoke troubling questions, raising the possibility that central features of literary studies may be in danger of being disregarded or marginalized. The digitizing of literature affects how we read and what we read, methods of study, the preservation of the archive, and the forms taken by new writing, some of which is specifically designed to exploit the electronic medium. In this paper I offer a sketch of the problems, possibilities, and paradoxes that we face as literary scholars.
Who's Carving Up the Nineteenth Century?
Authors: Mcgann Jerome
Published: August 2021

The Passage I've Placed at the Head of this Essay should be Committed to Memory and Taken to Heart Taken to heart. It says in brief nearly everything that needs to be said, not only on the question that rubricates this essay—the question put to me by the editor—but on the larger implications of that question.
The human body’s response to the conditions in the sauna
Authors: Borysławski Krzysztof , Szaliłow Karolina , Bielec Grzegorz , Omelan Aneta , Podstawski Robert
Published: August 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a 15-minute bathing session in a Finnish sauna on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), heart rate (HR), and body mass. The effects of grouping variables (age, sex, BMI, frequency of sauna use, history of sauna use) were taken into account in the analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 women (33.6±13.1) and 42 men (33.8±12.5) aged 17 to 79 participated in one 15-minute sauna session (temperature: 90-91°C; relative humidity: 14-16%) in December 2019, in the city of Wrocław, Poland. The participants’ body mass, SBP, DBP and HR were measured before and after sauna. Body height was measured only before sauna. Results: Sauna induced significant changes in the participants’ physiological parameters. Systolic blood pressure decreased (p<0.05) in both sexes, in older participants (p<0.001) regardless of their BMI, and in participants who had rarely used sauna and had used sauna for a minimum of several years. A significant decrease in DBP (p<0.001) and HR values and a significant loss of body fluids (p<0.001) was noted in both sexes regardless of age, BMI, frequency and history of sauna use. Conclusions: A 15-minute sauna session has a beneficial effect on the circulatory system and can be incorporated into cardiovascular therapies. Regular sauna use is an important factor, and optimal results can be achieved by visiting sauna several times a week.
The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome diagnosis: A cross-sectional study in Indonesian middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Arovah Novita Intan , Heesch Kristiann C.
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The roles of cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality risks are well established; however, little is known about the role of CF in reducing risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of CVD risk factors, particularly in Asian countries. This research examined associations between CF and MetS diagnosis and its five components in Indonesian middle-aged and older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 161 participants (aged 63±8 years; 70% female). CF was assessed with a 6-minute walk test. MetS diagnosis and its components were assessed with the Adult Treatment Panel III. Logistic regression modelling was conducted to examine the relationships between CF and MetS diagnosis and its components, after adjustment for BMI and other confounders. BMI was categorized using cut-points for Asians. Results: In adjusted models, participants with low CF had a greater likelihood of being diagnosed with MetS than those with high CF (OR=4.79, 95%CI:2.17-10.62). They were also more likely to have low high-density lipoprotein (OR=2.07, 95%CI:1.02-4.18) or hypertriglyceridemia (OR=2.37, 95%CI:1.15-4.86). There was also borderline significant findings that suggested that participants with low CF had greater likelihood of having abdominal obesity (OR=2.34, 95%CI:0.97-5.65, p=0.06) or hyperglycaemia (OR=2.07 95%CI:0.98-4.41, p=0.06). Conclusions: Low CF is associated with increased likelihood of being diagnosed with MetS. The adverse effects of low CF are mainly characterized by dyslipidaemia. Public health messages should emphasise the importance of improving CF for preventing MetS. Assessment of CF could be useful for targeting individuals most likely to benefit from intervention to prevent MetS.
Effect of bench press at a specified movement tempo on post-exercise testosterone and cortisol levels
Authors: Studencki Marcin , Ignatjeva Angelina , Nitychoruk Magdalena , Gołaś Artur , Smółka Wojciech , Maszczyk Adam
Published: August 2021

Body response is a key element of the periodization of any training unit. The main control systems in the human body are the nervous and endocrine systems. The study aims to examine the effect of bench press at a specified movement tempo on post-exercise blood testosterone and cortisol levels. The study involved 16 men (experience in resistance training 5.5 ± 1.3 years, aged 24 ± 2 years, body weight 86.1 ± 7.2 kg, and 1RM 125 ± 17 kg). The first stage of the test focused on determining the maximum force based on a single bench press with the highest possible external load (1RM). The second stage included the main test, i.e. bench press. The participants were asked to perform 5 sets successively, with an external load of 70% of an individual 1RM and as many repetitions as possible. The tempo of the exercise was precisely specified. The metronome was used to set a bench press tempo. The movement tempo included time under tension (TUT) 2/0/2/0. TUT means the total time of muscle tension during one repetition. The tests showed significant changes in cortisol levels recorded 30 minutes after exercise, amounting to 13.75 (±4.60) at F=9.16 and p=0.006. and 60 minutes after exercise, amounting to 11.37 (±4.17) at F=19.46 and p=0.0002. No significant statistical values were found for testosterone levels. This study brings additional evidence of the importance of hormonal responses in muscle strength training.
Influence of special coordination exercises on the level of policemen's self-defence skills
Authors: Maczuga Tomasz , Cynarski Wojciech J.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The main aim of the study was to find out the impact of special coordination training on the level of technical skills in the field of self-defence on a policeman during basic vocational training. Method: The studies used the classical experiment method and the parallel group technique. The study was carried out using the classic experiment with a pre-test (1st measurement) and post-test (2nd measurement), and included the following groups: research (experimental teaching shaping coordination skills) and control (traditional teaching). Results: In both the experimental and traditional training groups, there was an improvement in the rating of defence against each of the three attacks. Simple effects analyses were performed, which showed that the increase in self-defence skills was higher in the experimental training group than in the traditional training group. Conclusions: Experimental training, which takes into account the development of coordination skills in its training, contributes to a better improvement of the ability to repel an attack than traditional training. A higher level of skills in the field of repelling an attack on a policeman allows for the conclusion that without the need to increase the number of hours of program training, it is possible to more effectively prepare policemen to act effectively, adequately and safely during an intervention.
SERUM COPEPTIN LEVEL AS A BIOMARKER FOR DETECTING TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK IN THE EMERGENCY ROOM: A PROSPECTIVE CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: ARMAGAN Hamit Hakan , KARAMAN Kıvanç , YALÇIN YILMAZ Derya , YÜREKLİ Vedat Ali , ÖNAL Özgür , ŞİMŞEK Abdurrahman , ŞİRİN Fevziye Burcu , BECEREN Gökben , TOMRUK Önder
Published: August 2021

Objective

We aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of

copeptin to detect transient ischemic attack (TIA) by

comparing the plasma copeptin levels of patients diagnosed

with TIA who were admitted to the Emergency

Department (ED) with those of healthy controls.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a prospective case-control study

among patients admitted to the ED with a neurological

symptom. The patients diagnosed with TIA by the

neurologist were included. The results of electrocardiography,

magnetic resonance imaging, and carotid

doppler ultrasonography investigations of 38 patients;

the ED outcomes (hospitalization, discharge), the risk

group distribution (according to ABCD2 scores), and

the variables regarding one-year re-event incidence

were compared. Additionally, the serum copeptin levels

of the patients were compared to those of healthy

controls.

Results

The mean copeptin level was 435.80 ± 316.45 pg/ml

in the patient group, whereas it was 770.20 ± 912.53

pg/ml in the control group. The mean copeptin level of

patients with TIA was significantly lower (p = 0.018). In

the diagnosis of TIA, copeptin had 60.53% sensitivity

and 68.42% specificity at a cut-off value of 386.28 pg/

ml, in all the participants. In addition, in participants

above 60 years old, copeptin had 75.86% sensitivity

and 72.41% specificity at a cut-off value of 460.37 pg/

ml.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study

demonstrating the high efficacy of a serum biomarker

in the diagnosis of TIA. Emergency physicians should

search for alternative diagnoses in patients with a low

degree of clinical suspicion and a lower copeptin value.
The land is mine
Authors: Van Eck Ernest
Published: August 2021

The parables told by Jesus the Galilean, when read from a realistic perspective, can be seen as a window to the exploitative socio-economic, political and religious situation of the peasantry in first-century Roman Palestine. The Galilean’s parables picture this exploitative world, and also speak of ways to address the societal ills of his day. In an agrarian world, land meant life. For most of the peasantry, however, this was not the case anymore. In reaction to this situation, Jesus proclaimed the possibility of a world in which the land, especially its produce, belongs to everyone. This world he called the kingdom of God, a different kind of world, a world ruled by God’s generosity and goodness. In this world, everybody has enough.
function of the Magnificat in its narrative setting
Authors: Seal David
Published: August 2021

In analyzing conspicuous poetry placed in narrative contexts of the Old Testament, James Watts states that authors used the inset poetry to achieve certain distinguishable effects. Generally, inset poetry in the Bible does not have an impact on the narrative plot, so they likely have other purposes. Watts contends that inset poetry serves to “actualize” accompanying stories, interpreting them, and making them more real by involving the audience in the emotional components of the story. Using Watts’s theory of actualization, this study will examine the Magnificat as inset poetry, demonstrating how the affective components function to actualize the preceding narrative (Luke 1:1 ̶ 45).
Alexandru Philippide – Sextil Pușcariu: polemic
Authors: Bezea Cristina
Published: August 2021

Subjecting to analysis the public and cultural life of the time, Philippide identifies at every turn traces of Romanian specialism. Determined to dismantle the imposture and superficiality of the people of culture, Philippide found it appropriate to fight against them through a scientific polemic. This article follows the animosity created between the professor from Iași and the linguist from Cluj Sextil Pușcariu, animosity which gave rise to a very stylistically delightful polemical dialogue.
PSYCHOSEMANTIC INDICATORS OF UNIVERSITY
STUDENTS’ LEARNING MOTIVATION
Authors: Serdyuk L. Z. , Kovalenko A. B.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the psychosemantic content and structure of students’ learning motivation as a holistic phenomenon. The structuralsubstantive and procedural characteristics of learning motivation are revealed based on the performed theoretical analysis.
The “Unfinished sentences” technique was used to study the psycholinguistic and psychosemantic structure of students’ motivational sphere. This technique allowed us to evaluate expressiveness of the most important factors of students’ mental activities, which have a significant impact on their learning: their motivational orientations, leading motives and ways of their implementation, sources of tension, and styles of relationships with other people.
In order to objectify the obtained data and interpret the research results, we used the developed procedure of content analysis, that help us to identify the psychosemantic indicators of students’ learning motivation, we also developed the technology for analysis and interpretation of textual diagnostic information obtained from the students.
The performed psychosemantic analysis of the diagnosed textual information revealed in depth the essence of structural-meaningful and procedural characteristics of students’ learning motivation. The results obtained indicate that learning motivation is characterized by a complex structure, one form of which is the structure of internal (as for processes and results) and external (rewards or avoidance) motives.
Students’ learning activities have a lot of motives. The main of them, which determine their work, are the following: an activity result (a product created, knowledge learned, etc.); satisfaction with a process; awards for efforts (salary, promotion, recognition); success in an activity; avoidance of failure. The main function of the differences arisen between an attained level and a level of actual goals is to form learning motivation, motivation to achieve the goals.
Leading Differently
Authors:   , Young-Aleibar Tynika T. , Phillips Joy C.
Published: August 2021

Current alternative schools and programs require innovative and courageous leaders who prioritize supporting at-risk students. This priority is especially important given that this student population is accountable for meeting the rigorous academic standards in the 21st century. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to provide insight about leadership skills lived in alternative programs to produce successful outcomes in light of today's accountability in education. The following questions guided this research: a) How is success defined from the perspectives of stakeholders in alternative schools? b) What skills do alternative school leaders practice to achieve their defined success? and 3) In what ways is transformational leadership experienced by school leaders in urban alternative schools for the benefit of at-risk students? By examining leadership theories and practices in existing literature and using a phenomenological approach, this study seeks to profile school leaders in an urban city's alternative schools. The goal of the study was to showcase how seemingly effective leaders leverage experiences and leadership competencies in their school communities to work towards defined success for their at-risk student populations. The study's findings illustrate how school leaders perceived how accountability and effective leadership practices intersected to impact student achievement in alternative education settings.
Las coordenadas de la Ley Orgánica de regulación de la eutanasia
Authors: Arruego Gonzalo
Published: August 2021

Este estudio pretende proporcionar las claves para entender por qué el legislador español ha decidido finalmente legalizar la muerte asistida y el porqué de sus principales opciones a la hora de hacerlo. Para ello, se contextualiza la Ley Orgánica de regulación de la eutanasia en la opinión de la sociedad española acerca de la legitimidad de la muerte asistida y se muestra la evolución de la interpretación de su marco iusfundamental a la luz de la doctrina del TEDH sobre los arts. 2 y 8 CEDH y de los pronunciamientos constitucionales recientemente acaecidos sobre todo en nuestro entorno.
Doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional durante el primer cuatrimestre de 2021
Authors: Duque Villanueva Juan Carlos , Ortega Carballo Calos , Losada González Herminio , Quadra-Salcedo Janini Tomás de la
Published: August 2021

Doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional durante el primer cuatrimestre de 2021
Effective perioperative scoring in orthopedic surgery to prevent Covid-19 infection
Authors: Irianto Komang Agung , Adityawardhana Taufan
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe pandemic has placed health-care workers (HCW) under an unprecedented strain where surgeries are being delayed and health care workers’ deaths because of COVID-19 are prominent and causing staff shortages. An effective, fast, and concise approach to preoperative screening is very much needed. Hospitals are suggested to develop their own algorithm to minimize delays and complications. The objective of this study was to optimize HCW safety by developing a working system based on the hospital’s service capability in treating orthopedic surgeries.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted involving 305 HCW. Data were collected on the application of a novel elective and emergency orthopedic surgery clinical pathway and scoring method based on questionnaires, and laboratory and radiographic chest examinations for several months to ensure the safety of HCW. HCW COVID-19 status was routinely checked as the indicator of HCW’s safety.
Results Mean age of all patients was 47.0 ± 22.41 years. The screening process was done in a series of questionnaires and laboratory examinations, with the majority of patients (82 or 35.9%) having a score of 0. Patients with a score of 3 or more and testing positive for COVID-19 were immediately referred to a hospital having adequate facilities to prevent delays. There were 51 patients (16.7%) with positive rapid test results, and 21 patients (6.8%) with positive PCR tests. There were 4 (1.3%) COVID-19 positive HCW.
Conclusions Despite COVID-19 being a new threat, we have shown that developing an effective perioperative clinical pathway could eventually optimize healthcare worker safety.
A better functional outcome with platelet rich plasma compared with local steroid injection in tennis elbow
Authors: Verma Shilp , A Anwar , Chandra Agarwal Alok , Choudhary Ranjeet , Kumar Garg Ankit
Published: August 2021

Lateral epicondylitis commonly referred to as 'tennis elbow,' is mainly observed in the 3rd and 4th decade of life in around 2% -3% of the population. Treatment modalities for lateral epicondylitis include analgesics, immobilization, tennis elbow brace, local steroid infiltration, and ultrasound therapy. Recent studies have explored the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in lateral epicondylitis.

We used the block randomization technique. Two groups were prepared with 30 patients in each group. One group of patients received PRP and the other received local steroid injection. Patients were evaluated at the time of procedure and immediately after the procedure, at six weeks, three months, and six months, using the visual analog score and Liverpool's elbow score.

At the end of 6 months, follow-up patients in the PRP injection group show good clinical and functional compare to the steroid group of patients.

PRP and local corticosteroid injection provide symptomatic relief in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. PRP infiltration gives better results in pain relief and functional activities with statically significant values when compared with corticosteroid injections.
Functional outcome of surgical management of calcaneal spur by excision and autologous platelet-rich plasma injection
Authors: Ahmad Ganie Parvez , Gulati Arun , Pranav Prasad Rajendra , S Shetty Anvith
Published: August 2021

The calcaneal spur is also known as an enthesophyte which is a bony outgrowth from the calcaneum at the plantar fascia insertion. Treatment aspect ranges from initial conservative methods, invasive techniques to surgical excision of the spur in cases which are not responding to any other alternative methods. This article aims in evaluating the functional outcome of calcaneal spur excision coupled with a dose of autologous platelet-rich plasma injection in recalcitrant cases of the calcaneal spur.

A total of 42 cases of confirmed calcaneal spur cases were recruited for the study. All participants were offered with calcaneal excision with a dose of autologous platelet-rich plasma injection. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and post-operatively with VAS and FFI scores at the end of the 1, 3 and 6 months.

The patients who received calcaneal spur excision along with a single dose of autologous platelet-rich plasma injection reported statistically significant pain relief at the end of 6 months while comparing with the pre-operative VAS score (p = 0.003) and FFI score showed a statistically significant functional outcome between both groups at the end of 6 months (p <0.001).

Surgical removal of calcaneal spur along with a dose of an autologous platelet-rich plasma injection serve the better management for calcaneal spur and improves the functional quality of life.