bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using direct immunofluorescence to detect coronaviruses in peritoneal in peritoneal and pleural effusions
Authors: Parodi M. Cammarata , Cammarata G. , Paltrinieri S. , Lavazza A. , Ape F.
Published: April 2008

Twenty‐one cases of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were diagnosed using a direct immunofluorescence test on cytocentrifuged pleural and peritoneal effusions from cats sampled in vivo (11 cases) and at necropsy (10 cases). A commercial fluorescent polyclonal antiserum of feline origin reacting with FIPV and cross reacting with transmissible gastroenteritis virus and canine coronavirus was used. Eleven cats with ascites of a different origin were used as negative controls. The direct immunofluorescence test was 97 per cent reliable (31 cases of 32) and can be used in routine diagnosis.
Intraosseous injection during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs
Authors: Aeschbacher G. , Webb A. I.
Published: April 2008

Five mixed breed dogs were used to investigate the feasibility of femoral intraosseous injection during cardiac arrest. The intraosseous route was evaluated in the anaesthetised dogs after induction of cardiac arrest. Fluorescein dye was injected through pre‐placed intraosseous catheters during cardiac massage. The dye was detected at the membrana nictitans five to 12 seconds later indicating successful transfer from the femoral marrow cavity to the systemic circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The clinical value of intraosseous injection during CPR is discussed and compared with the endotracheal administration of drugs.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of uterine entrapment in an inguinal hernia
Authors: Munro E. , Stead C.
Published: April 2008

An elderly female West Highland white terrier was presented with a history of recent enlargement of an inguinal swelling with concomitant lethargy and inappetence. The radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were suggestive of a pyometra incarcerated within an inguinal hernia. Following routine ovariohysterectomy and hernia repair, the bitch made an uneventful recovery.
Nutrition and aspects of feline lower urinary tract disease
Authors: Markwell P. J.
Published: April 2008

Important causes of feline lower urinary tract disease (LUTD) that have been identified include urolithiasis and the formation of urethral plugs. In many cases, however, no specific cause of disease may be evident. Clinical studies in cats with apparently ‘idiopathic’ feline LUTD have suggested that some cases may respond to dietary modification, with diets designed to acidify urine, provide a good urine volume and relatively restricted magnesium intake. Nutritional research has predominantly focused on factors that may contribute to the formation of struvite uroliths, and has resulted in the development of specific recommendations for the management and subsequent prevention of recurrence of this condition. Urethral plugs have been less well studied, although recent clinical observations provide evidence that dietary modification may be of value in preventing their recurrence.
Tumours involving the nerve sheaths of the forelimb in dogs
Authors: Targett M. P. , Dyce J. , Houlton J. E. F.
Published: April 2008

Nerve sheath tumours were diagnosed in 10 dogs over a three‐year period. The age at presentation ranged from three to 12 years (mean 6‐3 years) and the sexes were equally represented. All the dogs were of medium to large breeds. The cases were assigned to two distinct clinical groups, which corresponded with the location of the neoplasia. One group presented as a chronic progressive, unilateral forelimb lameness; these dogs had peripherally located tumours. The other group had an acute onset of signs associated with spinal cord compression without previous forelimb signs. These were associated with tumours at the level of the spinal nerve roots.
Idiopathic hyperchylomicronaemia in miniature schnauzers
Authors: Ford R. B.
Published: April 2008

Several authors have reported the presence of fasting hyperlipidaemia in adult miniature schnauzers presented with either paroxysmal abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhoea. Acute pancreatitis is commonly confirmed. There appears to be no sex predilection for the condition although the majority of affected dogs are middle aged and older. Lipid profiles of affected dogs reveal extreme elevations of fasting serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations ranging from 5·5 mmol/litre to over 90 mmol/litre; the hyperlipidaemia is almost exclusively attributed to chylomicron excess. To date, the reviewer's studies have not shown a correlation between TG levels and severity of signs. However, miniature schnauzers with fasting TG levels greater than 5·5 mmol/litre are considered to be at significant risk and should be further evaluated as candidates for dietary intervention.
Inherited hyperchylomicronaemia in the cat
Authors: Jones B. R.
Published: April 2008

Cats with inherited hyperchylomicronaemia show fasting hyperlipidaemia, lipaemia retinalis, xanthomata in a variety of tissues (skin, liver, kidney, etc), peripheral neuropathies and, in some kittens, anaemia. The peripheral nerve lesions result from compression by xanthomata. The fasting hyperlipidaemia is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia with elevation of chylomicrons and often mild very low density lipoprotein elevation. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity measured after heparin injection, is absent or reduced. In one family, a high concentration of enzyme mass is present and the cats produce an abnormal LPL enzyme protein which fails to bind to the vascular endothelium. The defect is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Molecular analyses have not identified any major structural rearrangement in the LPL gene, but it has been suggested that a point mutation is present in the heparin binding domain of the protein (of one affected family).
Treatment of psychogenic leather picking in psittacine birds with a dopamine antagonist
Authors: Iglauer F. , Rasim R.
Published: April 2008

It is suggested that neuropeptides, particularly dopamine, play a role in many self‐mutilating disorders of both man and animals. Two grey parrots (Psittacus erythacus) were treated for obsessive feather picking with the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol. Refeathering was induced and normal behaviour maintained by administering haloperidol at approximately 0·4 mg/kg bodyweight/day for approximately seven months in both birds.
Canine Fanconi syndrome
Authors: Escolar E. , Perez‐Alenza D. , Diaz M. , Rodriguez A.
Published: April 2008

A case study of renal tubular dysfunction similar to idiopathic Fanconi syndrome is reported in an adult dobermann pinscher. The main clinical and histopathological features of this syndrome are described.
Efficacy of fenthion against the flea, Ctenocephalides felis, on the cat
Authors: Fisher M. A. , Hutchinson M. J. , Jacobs D. E. , Dick I. G. C.
Published: April 2008

A controlled study was carried out in two replicated trials, each using three groups of domestic cats artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis. In each trial three cats were treated with fenthion, three were treated with a dichlorvos/fenitrothion formulation, both at the recommended dose rate and the remainder acted as untreated controls. Good knockdown efficacy was evident 24 hours after both treatments. Efficacy values of 85 per cent or more were maintained for at least 15 days with fenthion and for less than eight days with dichlorvos/fenitrothion.
Femoral neck fractures and capital epiphyseal separations in cats
Authors: Pérez‐Aparicio F. J. , Fjeld T. O.
Published: April 2008

In a retrospective study, 47 fractures of the femoral neck and 17 capital epiphyseal separations were recorded in a total of 62 animals over a 12‐year period. It was found that cats sustain femoral neck fractures more often than capital epiphyseal separations. Until cats are six months old the vast majority of lesions in the proximal femur are fractures of the neck. Between the ages of six and 12 months both lesions are equally represented. After 12 months of age no capital epiphyseal separations occur and the incidence of femoral neck fractures diminishes appreciably. If left untreated, an acceptable clinical result can be obtained in both femoral neck fractures and capital epiphyseal separations, although the best functional result is achieved in femoral neck fractures. In the present study, spontaneous healing was seen only in femoral neck fractures in cats younger than three months. All cats with capital epiphyseal separations developed hypertrophic pseudoarthrosis.
Correlation of plain radiographic and lumbar myelographic findings with surgical findings in thoracolumbar disc disease
Authors: Olby N. J. , Dyce J. , Houlton J. E. F.
Published: April 2008

The results of a prospective study to compare the plain radiographic and lumbar myelographic findings with the surgical findings in 70 cases of suspected thoracolumbar disc protrusion in the dog are reported. The aim was to assess the relative accuracy of disc lesion localisation using plain and contrast radiography. From the plain radiographs, the affected disc space was correctly identified in 40 cases (57.1 per cent), and incor‐ rectly identified in seven. More than one site was identified in 11; in eight of these dogs, the affect‐ ed disc space was strongly suspected. It was not possible to identify an affected disc in 12 cases. The site of disc protrusion was accurately identified by myelography in 60 dogs (85.7 per cent). In four dogs, myelography was helpful in identifying an adjacent disc and, in a further two, cord swelling was found at surgery. In one dog, neither disc material nor cord swelling was identified. Three myelograms were non‐diagnostic.
Angiostrongylus vasorum in the anterior chamber of a dog's eye
Authors: King M. C. A. , Grose R. M. R. , Startup G.
Published: April 2008

An unusual case of Angiostrongylus vasorum infestation occurred in a three‐year‐old female cavalier King Charles spaniel. The dog presented with signs consistent with right otitis interna, followed by the appearance of a free‐swimming nematode in the anterior chamber of the right eye. The dog died of acute heart failure before surgical removal of the parasite was possible. Post mortem examination confirmed the presence of large numbers of worms in the pulmonary artery and right ventricle. These worms were identified histologically as A vasorum.
Surgical management of ameloblastic fibroma in the cat
Authors: Dernell W. S. , Hullinger G. H.
Published: April 2008

A 14‐month‐old spayed female domestic short‐haired cat was presented for evaluation of a rostral mandibular mass diagnosed from biopsy as an ameloblastic fibroma. Radiographs of the mandible demonstrated marked osteolysis and cortical expansion. A rostral mandibulectomy was performed extending from the caudal edge of the second premolar on the right side to the caudal edge of the canine tooth on the left side. Histological evaluation of the excised mass confirmed the diagnosis of ameloblastic fibroma. Follow‐up evaluation at eight months revealed normal oral function with the exception of occasional saliva soiling of the chin. The owner was satisfied with the cosmetic result.
Small animal fluid therapy 1. Practice principles
Authors: Michell A. R.
Published: April 2008

This review aims to provide information on the pathophysiological principles, most of them straightforward, which underpin the successful use of fluid therapy in the treatment of certain conditions. Attention is mainly focused on the concepts underlying parenteral fluid therapy, including some of the misconceptions inherent in this form of treatment. Finally, interesting trends in parenteral fluid therapy are identified.
Dietary treatment of progressive feline struvite crystalluria
Authors: Gevaert D. , De Smet B. , De Wilde R. O.
Published: April 2008

Eight cats were fed a dry commercial cat food and after six months developed urinary struvite crystalluria with alkaline urine. The animals were subsequently divided into two groups and fed either a dry or a canned struvite calculolytic diet. The crystalluria was reduced after five to six weeks with both treatment diets. Decreased crystalluria coincided with a reduction in urinary pH and an increased titratable acidity. The highest food acid load, determined by the lowest undetermined anion, was found with the dry diet and resulted in the highest renal hydrogen excretion, measured as net acid excretion.
Role of 1–123 serum amyloid Srotein in the etection of familial amyloidosis in Oriental cats
Authors: Piirsalu K. , McLean R. , Zuber R. , Bannistert K. , Penglis S. , Bellen J. , Bais R.
Published: April 2008

Oriental cats are subject to familial amyloidosis which primarily involves the liver. Scintigraphic imaging using I‐123 serum amyloid P component (SAP) was performed in 23 cats at varying risks of amyloidosis. Scans showed marked tracer accumulation in the liver in 16 of the cats. Histological confirmation of amyloidosis was obtained in all six cats that underwent biopsy. Abnormal hepatic uptake correlated with rapid clearance of tracer from the blood. This non‐invasive test has potential value as a screening procedure for the detection of amyloidosis.
Ureteric fibroepithelial polyps in two dogs
Authors: Burton C. A. , Day M. J. , Moore A. Hotston , Holt P. E.
Published: April 2008

Two cases of benign unilateral ureteric flbroepithelial polyps in the dog are reported. The polyps were located in the proximal and distal ureter, respectively, and in each case resulted in obstruction of urine outflow and hydronephrosis. The microscopic appearance of both polyps was of a spindle cell matrix with an overlying transitional epithelium.
Multilobular tumour of bone at an unusual location in the axilla of a dog
Authors: Hay C. W. , Roberts R. , Latimer K.
Published: April 2008

Multilobular tumour of bone is a rare neoplasm of cartilage, bone and connective tissue that is seen almost exclusively in association with the skull of veterinary patients. A four‐year‐old, spayed Jack Russell terrier was presented to the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of a progressive swelling in the right axilla. Radiographs of the region showed the mass to be caudal to the scapula, unattached to bone and to have numerous punctate calcific opacities throughout its substance. Excisional biopsy of the mass was carried out under general anaesthesia and histopathological examination showed it to be multilobular tumour of bone. This case report documents the occurrence of multilobular tumour of bone at a site other than the head. This tumour should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses with calcific opacities.
Long term management of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Simpson J. W. , Maskell I. E. , Quigg J. , Markwell P. J.
Published: April 2008

Twenty dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) were managed for an initial four‐month period on a low fat diet in conjunction with a non‐enteric coated enzyme replacer. At the end of this initial period the clinical signs had been reversed in all the dogs and their body‐weights had increased by an average of 24 per cent. Owners were subsequently encouraged to determine the most cost effective form of management; progress was followed up for between five and 39 months. Contact was maintained with 17 of the dogs of which 11 were progressing well (three had been euthanased because of unsatisfactory progress and three for unrelated reasons]. A range of dietary regimens were being implemented and in all cases the requirement for a daily enzyme replacer was less; in terms of absolute enzyme activity, between six and 58 per cent of the original requirement was being used at the follow‐up. The low fat diet proved effective in the initial stabilisation of the dogs and was invaluable in their long term management.
Dog parentage testing using canine microsatellites
Authors: Binns M. M. , Holmes N. G. , Marti E. , Bowen N.
Published: April 2008

Canine microsatellites, comprising one to four base pair repeated sequences, were identified as part of a project to generate a genetic linkage map of the dog. They have been used to assign parentage in a range of doubtful paternity cases, for example, all the pups in a litter from a bitch mated on different days to two different stud dogs were identified by DNA analysis to come from one dog only. DNA typing in another case was able to exclude a male dog as the father of a litter. DNA analysis can be of relevance by allowing pedigree dogs, which would have previously been excluded on the basis of unknown paternity, to be registered with the appropriate kennel club.
Comparison of two shampoos for treatment ofMalassezia pachydermatis‐associated seborrhoeic dermatitis in basset hounds
Authors: Bond R. , Rose J. F. , Ellis J. W. , Lloyd D. H.
Published: April 2008

A randomised double‐blind parallel study compared the clinical and antimicrobial efficacies of a miconazole‐chlorhexidine shampoo with a selenium sulphide shampoo for the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis associated withMalassezia pachydermatisin 33 basset hounds. All 16 miconazole‐chlorhexidine treated hounds and 11 of 17 selenium sulphide treated hounds improved when shampooed at three‐day intervals for three weeks. The miconazole‐chlorhexidine treated hounds showed significantly greater reductions in pruritus (P<0·01), erythema (P<0·001), exudation (P<0·01) and overall severity (P<0·001), and in counts ofM pachydermatis(P<0·001), total bacteria (P<0·001) and coagulase‐positive staphylococci (P<0·001), when compared to the selenium sulphide treated group. Improvements in scaling and coat condition did not vary significantly between the two groups. These results indicate that seborrhoeic dermatitis in basset hounds is often associated with elevated
Population sizes and frequency of Malassezia pachydermatis at skin and mucosal sites on healthy dogs
Authors: Bond R. , Saijonmaa‐Koulumies L. E. M. , Lloyd D. H.
Published: April 2008

Skin and mucosal carriage of Malassezia pachydermatis was studied in 20 healthy pet dogs of various breeds and in 20 kennelled beagles. Using swabs, anal carriage was detected in 10 pet dogs and 11 beagles and the nose, mouth, prepuce and vulva were shown to be infrequently colonised. M pachydermatis was isolated from the external ear canal of 11 beagles and two pet dogs; both the population sizes and frequency of isolation were significantly (P<0·05) greater in the beagles. The yeast was infrequently isolated from the axilla and groin in low numbers using contact plates and detergent scrub samples but was often cultured from the lower lip and the dorsal interdigital spaces; isolation frequencies and population sizes in the two groups of dogs were not significantly different. These results demonstrate that the anus, external ear canal and lip and interdigital skin of healthy dogs are frequently colonised by M pachydermatis.
Neospora caninum infection in three dogs
Authors: Knowler C. , Wheeler S. J.
Published: April 2008

Infection withNeospora caninumin three young dogs is described. The predominant clinical signs were lower motor neuron deficits of the pelvic limbs, bladder and rectum. In two cases there was liver infection and dysfunction. The younger dogs had an acute onset rapidly progressive syndrome. The older dog had a similar but more chronic course. The diagnosis was confirmed by an immunofluorescence antibody test. The parasite is sensitive to clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulphonamide preparations, however the prognosis for return to function is poor especially if muscle contracture has occurred.
Seasonal flank alopecia in affenpinschers
Authors: Waldman L.
Published: April 2008

Two intact, distantly related, female affenpinschers, belonging to a breeder, were referred in March 1993 for the investigation of bilateral, symmetrical flank alopecia in one bitch and bilateral, symmetrical flank, dorsum and tail alopecia in the other; the alopecia occurred from November to May and January to May, respectively. During that period the bitches were kept in a conservatory without artificial heating or lighting. The owner reported that the mother of one bitch had had bilateral, symmetrical flank alopecia during one winter when kept in the conservatory, but was normal the following winter when kept in the house. Three other females and a male exhibited the same clinical signs when kept in the conservatory during the winter. Seasonal flank alopecia has not previously been reported in affenpinschers.
Measurement of skin hydration in normal dogs and in dogs with atopy or a scaling dermatosis
Authors: Chesney C. J.
Published: April 2008

The role of the stratum corneum both as a barrier to water loss from the body and as a biological microenvironment is well recognised, although most discussion of these topics is expressed in qualitative terms. This paper describes the use of techniques for the measurement of some aspects of the skin microclimate, and their application to canine skin. The techniques used were the assessment of skin moisture, hygroscopicity and water‐holding capacity by measurement of skin electrical capacitance. Meaningful deductions regarding the water dynamics of certain skin sites can be drawn, and it was shown that significant differences in hydration exist between different skin sites. The techniques were also used to show that scaly skin is ‘drier’ than normal skin, and that the water dynamics of the non‐lesional skin of atopic dogs does not differ from that of normal dogs.
Fracture of the humerus after cancellous hone graft harvesting in a dog
Authors: Ferguson J. F.
Published: April 2008

A five‐year‐old male Shetland sheepdog underwent calcaneoquartal arthrodesis for instability of the proximal intertarsal joint. A cancellous bone graft was harvested from the proximal humerus and packed around the arthrodesis site. Twenty‐four hours postoperatively the dog developed a non‐weightbearing forelimb lameness. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a fracture of the humerus through the hole used to obtain the graft. Surgical repair of the fracture led to an uneventful recovery.
Long term follow‐up of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in the dog
Authors: Piek C. J. , Hazewinkel H. A. W. , Wolvekamp W. T. C. , Nap R. C. , Mey B. P.
Published: April 2008

In a clinical study of 35 dogs with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, 60 per cent were Yorkshire terriers; the mean age of 33 of the dogs at onset of clinical signs was seven months. The dogs had the following signs: muscle atrophy (n = 25), shortening of the affected leg (n = 14), pain on passive movement of the hip joint (n = 28), and crepitation of the hip joint (n = 8). Radiographic findings were irregular density and flattening of the femoral head in combination with degenerative joint disease. Conservative treatment consisted of exercise therapy, and surgical treatment of a standard femoral head and neck excision. In 17 of the dogs the results of therapy were evaluated with the help of a questionnaire. It is concluded that femoral head and neck excision is indicated when conservative treatment fails to lead to clinical improvement within four weeks. Femoral head and neck excision has a good long term prognosis; however, slight intermittent lameness may remain.
Clinical usefulness of fructosamine measurements in diagnosing and monitoring feline diabetes mellitus
Authors: Thoresen S. I. , Bredal W. P.
Published: April 2008

Fructosamines are glycated serum proteins that reflect long‐term serum glucose concentrations in humans and several animal species. In the present study, blood samples were drawn from three populations of diabetic cats: untreated diabetic cats with clinical symptoms prevailing only a few days (n = 1), untreated diabetic cats with symptoms lasting more than two weeks (n = 6) and clinically well stabilised diabetic cats receiving insulin twice daily which showed no signs of disease (n = 4). All untreated diabetic cats showed elevated fructosamine measurements. Based on fructosamine measurements, clinically well stabilised diabetic cats could be subdivided further according to the degree of glycaemic control. Diabetic cats with satisfactory glycaemic control revealed fructosamine concentrations within or close to the reference range (146 to 271 umol/litre), whereas fructosamine concentrations above 400 umol/litre indicated insufficient glycaemic control. This study suggests that the fructosamine assay reflects persistently elevated serum glucose concentrations in cats and is a useful parameter for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes mellitus in cats.
Review of the technique and complications of median J sternotomy in the dog and cat
Authors: Burton C. A. , White R. N.
Published: April 2008

The surgical and medical records of 67 dogs and nine cats which underwent median sternotomy over a five‐year period were reviewed. The indication for median sternotomy and the short and longer term complications were recorded. Twenty‐six of the dogs died or were euthanased within 48 hours of the surgery as a consequence of the pre‐existing disease or complications of the intrathoracic surgical procedure. A further four dogs were enthanased between 48 hours and 14 days following confirmation of neoplastic processes. Thirty‐seven dogs were alive at 14 days; of these, seven dogs (19 per cent) experienced short‐term wound complications, including haemorrhage, wound infection, thoracic limb neurological deficits and excessive postoperative discomfort. Of the 37 dogs alive for longer term follow‐up, eight dogs (22 per cent) experienced wound complications, including haemorrhage, sternal fracture, sternal osteomyelitis and delayed wound healing. No complications were noted in the cats.
Renal dysplasia in a Rhodesian ridgeback dog
Authors: Lobetti R. G. , Pearson J. , Jimenez M.
Published: April 2008

A six‐month‐old Rhodesian ridgeback dog was presented for evaluation of facial swelling. Chronic renal failure was clinically diagnosed based on urinalysis, biochemical changes and ultrasonography. The facial swelling was due to fibrous osteodystrophy, which was evident on survey radiographs of the skull. On post mortem examination, chronic renal failure as a result of renal dysplasia was confirmed. This is the first reported case of renal dysplasia in this breed of dog.
Unusual metaphyseal disturbance in two kittens
Authors: Gunn‐Moore D. A. , Hagard G. , Turner C. , Duncant A. W. , Barr F. J.
Published: April 2008

This report describes the presenting features, radiographic changes, biochemical alterations and clinical progress of two kittens, from separate litters, which were found to have a growth plate disturbance initially diagnosed and treated as vitamin D3‐dependent rickets, but subsequently suspected to be a metaphyseal chondrodysplasia.
Lymphangiomatosis of the pelvic limb in a Maltese dog
Authors: Berry W. L. , Nesbit J. W. , Pearson J.
Published: April 2008

A case of lymphangiomatosis is described affecting the right pelvic limb of an 18‐month‐old, female Maltese dog. A progressive swelling around the stifle had developed subsequent to a routine tibial crest transposition. The swollen area eventually progressed to involve the entire limb circumferentially, to end abruptly in the mid‐metatarsal region. The skin of the affected area was deep red in colour, devoid of hair, and had numerous large, thin‐walled vesicles that were easily ruptured and from which a serosan‐guineous fluid exuded. The swelling pitted on digital pressure and showed fluctuant mobility. The microscopic appearance of biopsied and post mortem material mimicked that of lymphangioma. However, the signalment, clinical presentation and histological features are consistent with a diagnosis of the recently reported variant of human lymphangiomatosis, lymphangiomatosis of the limb.
Methyl‐methacrylate and bone screw repair of seventh lumbar vertebral fracture‐luxations in dogs
Authors: Beaver D. P. , MacPhersont G. C. , Muir P. , Johnson K. A.
Published: April 2008

Fracture‐luxations of the seventh lumbar vertebrae in two large dogs were stabilised with bone screws and methylmethacrylate. Screws inserted bilaterally into the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae and ilial wings were left protruding by about 2 cm, and embedded in methylmethacrylate bone cement. Implant failure occurred in one dog six days after surgery, necessitating a revision of the fixation. Fracture healing and return of normal ambulation ocurred in both dogs. Implants were removed in one dog because of screw loosening and discomfort.
Reproductive disorders in 10 domestic male cats
Authors: Axnér E. , Ström B. , Linde‐Forsberg C. , Gustavsson I. , Lindblad K. , Wallgren M.
Published: April 2008

This study describes 10 tomcats with different reproductive disorders. Two of the cats had abnormal sex chromosomes; one was a tortoise‐shell and white Cornish rex, while the other was a brown Burmese. The other eight cats were diagnosed as having testicular hypoplasia, diphallos in combination with unilateral cryptorchidism, a persistent penile frenulum, retrograde ejaculation, temporary oligozoospermia, teratozoosper‐mia, azoospermia and congenital poor libido. For the cat with a persistent penile frenulum, and the cat with a temporary oligozoospermia, the prognosis for successful reproduction was considered favourable. By contrast it was considered unlikely that the cats with chromosomal abnormalities, testicular hypoplasia, diphallos, retrograde ejaculation, teratozoospermia and azoospermia would be able to produce offspring.
Surgical treatment of urinary incontinence resulting from a complex congenital abnormality in two dogs
Authors: Gregory S. P. , Trower N. D.
Published: April 2008

Two young dogs were presented for the investigation of urinary incontinence. Both were found to have complex urogenital anatomy including a micropenis and a midline vestibuloperineal fistula situated just below the anus. Both dogs were considered to be intersexes and had the karyotype 78XX. In both cases, incontinence was attributed to increased resistance to the passage of urine, with vaginal reflux and subsequent passive leakage. This report details the investlgation of these dogs and their surgical treatment to resolve the urinary incontinence.
Mitotane (o, p‘‐DDD) treatment in a cat with hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Schwedes C. S.
Published: April 2008

An 11‐year‐old male castrated Persian cat with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism was presented. Both adrenals were grossly enlarged and calcified. A diagnosis of pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism was made. Signs of hyperadrenocorticism resolved with long‐term mitotane treatment. Concurrent diabetes mellitus resolved after 220 days of therapy. No severe adverse drug reactions were noted.
Skeletal muscle extra‐aortic counterpulsation in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: White R. N. , Cobb M. A. , Brownlie S. E. , Pattison C. W. , Cumming D. V. E. , Jones D. G. Clayton , Williamson H. A. , Yacoub M. H.
Published: April 2008

Skeletal muscle extra‐aortic counterpulsation was performed in seven dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. A left latisslmus dorsi dynamic descending thoracic aortomyoplasty was used as the autologous counterpulsator. Pulse train stimulation In diastole was used to initiate contraction and fibre type transformation. Two of the dogs died within 48 hours of surgery. The device was successfully activated in the five remaining dogs, but in one individual it failed within 48 hours of activation. Serial echocardiographic examinations of dogs in which the device functioned successfully (n=4) showed trends towards the decrease In the left ventricular systolic Internal dimension, left ventricular diastolic internal dimension, E‐point to septal separation and left atrial diameter in systole seven to 14 days following the procedure, although these changes failed to persist in the long term. The results suggest that skeletal muscle for cardiac assistances such as extra‐aortic muscle counterpulsation, might be a therapeutic option for dogs with cardiac failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy.
Filaroides hirthi verminous pneumonia in a West Highland white terrier bred in Ireland
Authors: Torgerson P. R. , McCarthy G. , Donnelly W. J. C.
Published: April 2008

A two‐year‐old West Highland white terrier, which had failed to thrive from six months of age, presented with acute onset dyspnoea. Radiography showed a diffuse pulmonary infiltrate throughout both lungs. Haematological abnormalities were an absolute neutrophilia and eosinophilia. Postmortem examination revealed uniform consolidation of both lungs which was defined histologically as a verminous granulomatous pneumonia. Metastrongyle larvae, isolated from the pulmonary tissue, had the morphological characteristics of Filaroides species. On the basis of the pathological changes and the larval morphology, a presumptive diagnosis of F hirthi pneumonia was made. This is believed to be the first report of disease due to this parasite in Ireland.
Potentiating effect of EDTA‐Tris on the activity of antibiotics against resistant bacteria associated with otitis, dermatitis and cystitis
Authors: Farca A. M. , Piromalli G. , Maffei F. , Re G.
Published: April 2008

Possible synergistic effects of the combination of EDTA‐tromethamine (EDTA‐Tris) and three antimicrobial agents (cephaloridine, kanendomycin and enrofloxacin) against resistant Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria are reported. Bacteria were isolated from eight cases of chronic otitis externa, five cases of chronic dermatitis and four cases of recurrent cystitis in dogs which had previously been treated with one of the three antibiotics without success. Animals exposed to EDTA‐tromethamine plus the antibiotic recovered completely within 10 days, and were controlled clinically and bacteriologically for 180 days. Local irrigation with EDTA‐tromethamine solution was well tolerated and no side effects were recorded.
Use of a 0.25 per cent fipronil pump spray formulation to treat canine cheyletiellosis
Authors: Chadwick A. J.
Published: April 2008

Two outbreaks of cheyietieilosis are described. In one of the outbreaks, a human member of the household was also affected. A 0.25 per cent flpronil pump spray formulation was applied to the affected and in‐contact animals. A permethrin spray was used in an attempt to eliminate environmental contamination. One month later, the affected animals were reexamined. No evidence of Cheyletiella mites could be found. A second application of fipronil was undertaken. No further outbreaks were reported during an eight month follow‐up.
Dorsal radiocarpal ligament sprain causing intermittent carpal lameness in high activity dogs
Authors: GUILLIARD M. J.
Published: April 2008

Five dogs were presented with mild to moderate unilateral thoracic limb lameness attributable to second and third degree sprains of the dorsal radiocarpal Ilgament. Three were active working dogs and two were racing greyhounds. In four cases the lameness was long‐standing and unresponsive to rest; the remaining case was seen as an acute Injury. Treatment was by exploratory surgery with postoperative support or by external support alone. All the dogs made a complete recovery with no recurrence of injury.
Zygomatic salivary cyst with mucocele formation in a cat
Authors: Speakman A. J. , Baines S. J. , Williams J. M. , Kelly D. F.
Published: April 2008

An eight‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthalr cat had a zygomatlc salivary cyst with associated mucocele formation. A fluctuating swelling developed ventral to the right eye, causing bulging of the lower eyelid, and a corresponding swelling was present in the caudal vestibule of the oral cavity. Cytological examination of the fluid obtained from asplratlon of the swelling was consistent with the appearance of saliva. A tentative dlagnosls of zygomatlc salivary mucocele was made. Surgical exploration and resectlon of the swelling demonstrated the presence of a multliobular cystic zygomatlc salivary gland. The histopathological appearance of the resected tissue was Interpreted as an Inflammatory reaction to mucus derived from a muitllocular salivary cyst.
Endocardial fibroelastosis in a dog
Authors: LARSSON M. H. M. A. , BACCARO M. R. , Pereira L. , OLIVEIRA S. M. DE
Published: April 2008

Endocardial fibroelastosis is an uncommon congenital heart disease in dogs that may be manifested by signs of left‐sided congestive heart failure. A three‐month‐old, male, Fila Brasileiro dog developed signs of generalised heart failure. Physical examination revealed normal temperature, ascites, and pale and cyanotic mucous membranes. The pup died just after radiography which revealed ascites, hepatomegaly, severe cardiac enlargement and pulmonary oedema. At necropsy, serosanguineous fluid in the thorax and abdomen, pulmonary oedema, right ventricular dilatation, hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricle, and mitral valve incompetence were observed. The histopathological examination demonstrated that the thickening of the endocardium of the left atrium and left ventricle was due to the presence of elastic and collagen fibres, although there were no signs of an inflammatory process.
Diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism in a cat using echocardiography and pulmonary scintigraphy
Authors: POUCHELON J‐L. , CHETBOUL V. , DEVAUCHELLE P. , DELISLE F. , MAI W. , VIAL V.
Published: April 2008

A 10‐year‐old male cat was presented with sudden onset of respiratory difficulties. Clinical examinatlon revealed an acute dyspnoea with cyanosis associated with a left systolic heart murmur. Standard thoracic radiographs excluded pulmonary oedema and showed very few pulmonary changes given the intensity of the respiratory compromlse. Echocardiographic examination revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a thrombus In the right pulmonary artery. Pulmonary sclntlgraphy confirmed a pulmonary thromboembolism with hypovascularisatlon of the left cranial lobe and of the ventral segment of the right lobe. Conservative treatment was instituted using an antibiotic (doxycycllne), anticoagulants (heparin, coumadine) and a calcium lnhlbitor (diltiazem). The cat was given absolute rest. The general condition of the animal improved.
Heritability of epileptic seizures in the Belgian tervueren
Authors: FAMULA T.R. , OBERBAUER A.M. , BROWN K. N.
Published: April 2008

Survey data were collected on the Incidence of epileptic seizures In 997 Belgian tervuerens. The herltabllity of this disorder was estimated as 0–77 (with a 95 per cent confidence Interval spanning from 0–65 to 0–88) using a Bayesian analysis In an ordered categorical threshold model. Single locus models do not appear adequate as an explanation for this Inherited seizure disorder. The high heritabllity estimate suggests that breeders can wage a successful battle against this disorder by breeding unaffected Individuals, particularly those from familles with no history of seizures.
Normative auditory brainstem response data for bone conduction in the dog
Authors: MUNRO K. J. , PAUL B. , COX C. L.
Published: April 2008

Auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of hearing disorders in dogs, but is hampered by the lack of published normative data. The aim of the present study was to obtain normative data for bone conduction, without masking, under clearly defined conditions. Subjects comprised 20 Dalmatians and 20 Jack Russell terriers. Two methods were investigated: holding the bone vibrator against the head by hand or by applying a 500 g weight. The results revealed no difference in hearing threshold between the two breeds or for the two methods of applying the bone vibrator to the head. The mean hearing threshold was close to 0 decibels re normal hearing level (dB nHL), which is the biological norm for humans. Hence, bone conduction thresholds can be used for confirmation of conductive hearing impairment in the dog, in the same way as in humans.
Reciprocal translocation in a case of canine basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Mayr B. , Wallner A. , Reifinger M. , Brem G.
Published: April 2008

A case of basal cell carcinoma in a 10‐year‐old spaniel dog was analysed cytogenetically. A reciprocal translocation t(10;35) was detectable.
Management of disc‐associated wobbler syndrome with a partial slot fenestration and position screw technique
Authors: Queen J. P. , Coughlan A. R. , May C. , Bennett D. , Penderis J.
Published: April 2008

A previously unpublished surgical technique for the management of disc‐associated wobbler syndrome is described. A series of 17 middle‐aged dobermanns (mean age 7·4 years) with this condition were managed by a technique of partial slot fenestration and position screw fixation of the affected disc space (C6/7 in all cases). One patient was lost to follow‐up and, of the remaining 16 cases, 13 improved following surgery (81 per cent). The three failures were a consequence of incorrect placement of one of the screws. Careful evaluation of immediate postoperative radiographs allows this problem to be identified; the screw can then be correctly repositioned with an immediate return to surgery.
Prostatic carcinoma in two cats
Authors: Caney S. M. A. , Holt P. E. , Day M. J. , Rudorf H. , Gruffydd‐Jones T. J.
Published: April 2008

Clinical, radiological and pathological features of two cats with prostatic carcinoma are reported. In both cats the presenting history included signs of lower urinary tract disease with haematuria and dysuria. Prostatomegaly was visible radiographically in one cat; an irregular intraprostatic urethra was seen on retrograde contrast urethrography in both cats. In one of the cats, neoplasia was suspected on the basis of a transurethral catheter biopsy. Following a poor response to palliative treatment in both cases, euthanasia was performed with histological confirmation of the diagnosis.
Naturally acquired leptospirosis in 36 dogs: serological and clinicopathological features
Authors: Birnbaum N. , Barr S. C. , Center S. A. , Schermerhorn T. , Randolph J. F. , Simpson K. W.
Published: April 2008

Case records of 36 dogs with confirmed leptospirosis diagnosed at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine from 1980 to 1995 were reviewed retrospectively, and clinical, serological and pathological findings were recorded to characterise the epidemiology of this disease in upstate New York. Titres were directed predominantly against serovarsgrlppotyphosaand/orpomonain 31 of 34 dogs. Convalescent titres were measured for 53 per cent of dogs. The most common clinical presentation was acute renal failure. Increased liver enzyme activity was documented in 22 of 36 dogs. It is clear from this study thatLeptospira pomonaandgrippotyphosaare important pathogens capable of causing severe renal and hepatic injury in dogs.
Genetic aspects of idiopathic epilepsy in Labrador retrievers
Authors: Jaggy A. , Faissler D. , Gaillard C. , Srenk P. , Graber H.
Published: April 2008

A study was undertaken to define the mode of inheritance of idiopathic epilepsy in Labrador retrievers in Switzerland. Seven hundred and ninety‐two pedigree certificates from a population of healthy and epileptic dogs from 11 generations were evaluated. Forty‐four different families (giving a total of 55 epileptic dogs) were included. Most patients showed generalised grand mal seizures and the onset was within one to three years in 41 per cent. Males were no more affected than females and the gender ratio between epileptic and control animals was not significantly different (P>0·05). Additionally, there was no difference in average total inbreeding coefficient between both sexes, or with respect to age of onset of seizures. The increased manifestation of seizures in some subpopulations and the repeated occurrence in different families of the same sires suggested that there was a genetic basis for the condition in the breed. Results of pedigree analyses and from use of the binomial test support the hypothesis of a polygenic, recessive mode of inheritance. However, only an objective test‐mating programme is likely to define the exact mode of inheritance.
Congenital myotonia in related kittens
Authors: Hickford F. H. , Jones B. R. , Gething M. A. , Pack R. , Alley M. R.
Published: April 2008

Four closely related domestic shorthair kittens were investigated following the detection of abnormalities in their gait, difficulty opening their mouths and muscle hypertrophy. They walked with a stiff, stilted gait, with the stiffness reducing during exercise. Startling of the kittens resulted in hyperextension of the limbs and falling to lateral recumbency, or spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle, prolonged prolapse of the nictitating membranes and flattening of the ears. One kitten was intermittently dysphonic. Endotracheal intubation of the anaesthetised kittens was difficult due to an inability to open the mouth to a wide angle, and narrowing of the glottis due to muscle spasm. A diagnosis of congenital myotonia was made based on the clinical signs, the kittens' ages, typical myotonic discharges on electromyography, and the histopathological and histochemical findings in muscle. This is the first report of congenital myotonia in this species.
Comparative field evaluation of marbofloxacin tablets in the treatment of feline upper respiratory infections
Authors: Dossin O. , Gruet P. , Thomas E.
Published: April 2008

One hundred and three cats presenting with clinical signs of feline acute upper respiratory Infection were selected from Belgium, France and the Netherlands In a randomised comparative field trial. Each cat underwent a bacteriological examination before treatment (day 0) and received either marbofloxacin, at a dosage of 2 mg/kg once daily for five days, or amoxycillln‐clavulanic acid (ACA) at a dosage of 12·5 mg/kg twice dally for five days. Clinical examinations were performed on days 2, 5 and 14. Pasteurella species were cultured in one‐third of the samples. The other main bacteria isolated were Streptococcaceae, Enterobacterlaceae and Staphylococcaceae. Response rates (cures + improvements) to treatment on day 5 were 87·8 vs 77·8 per cent for marbofloxacin and ACA, respectively. A few mild side‐effects (diarrhoea, vomiting) were recorded with both drugs.
Hypochondroplastic dwarfism in the Irish setter
Authors: Hanssen I. , Falck G. , Grammeltvedt A. T. , Haug E. , Isaksen C. V.
Published: April 2008

Two test matings in the Irish setter were performed, and genetic, clinical, morphometric, radiographic, bone histological and plasma and urine biochemical features of dwarfism were studied. All offspring were phenotypically normal at birth and weaning, but at the age of 2–5 to 4 months the longitudinal growth of the spine and leg bones was retarded in the dwarfs compared with the normal littermates. Most dwarfs performed well, even in the field. Radiographic and histological evaluations revealed a hypochondroplasia. A morphometric diagnostic method for Irish setter dwarfism was developed. A single autosomal recessive mode of inheritance was verified.
Idiopathic epilepsy in 125 dogs: a long‐term study. Clinical and electroencephalographic findings
Authors: Jaggy A. , Bernardini M.
Published: April 2008

Well‐documented cases of confirmed idiopathic epilepsy in 125 dogs were evaluated retrospectively. Forty‐six breeds (each with no sex predisposition) were examined. Although dogs of all ages were affected, the peak value for the onset of first seizure was between one and five years. Approximately 75 per cent of animals had generalised grand mal type seizures with loss of consciousness. Preictal and postictal phases were present in the majority of dogs. Interictal electroencephalographic recordings of 37 anaesthetised dogs were statistically analysed. High frequency and low amplitude paroxysmal discharges with either a focal or generalised distribution were found in the majority of these dogs. Possible causes for this variation from dog to dog were analysed. It was concluded that, despite anaesthesia, electroencephalographic features were consistent and unique in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.