bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing a nursing maintenance bundle for patients with pulmonary arterial catheters
Authors: Ben-Aderet Michael A. , Almario Matthew J. P. , Madhusudhan Meghan S. , Drucker Carissa , Luria Jeffery , Krishna Sneha , Massie Laila , Bresee Catherine , Chan Alice , Nguyen Jimmy , Murthy Rekha K. , Grein Jonathan D.
Published: October 2019

We undertook a quality improvement project to address challenges with pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) line maintenance in a setting of low-baseline central-line infection rates. We observed a subsequent reduction in Staphylococcal PAC line infections and a trend toward a reduction in overall PAC infection rates over 1 year.
Impact of an electronic best-practice advisory in combination with prescriber education on antibiotic prescribing for ambulatory adults with acute, uncomplicated bronchitis within a large integrated health system
Authors: Pagels Courtney M. , Dilworth Thomas J. , Fehrenbacher Lynne , Singh Maharaj , Brummitt Charles F.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To determine the impact of a passive, prescriber-directed, electronic best-practice advisory coupled with prescriber education on the rate of antibiotic prescribing for acute, uncomplicated bronchitis in ambulatory adults across a large health system.

Design:

This study was a quasi-experiment examining antibiotic prescribing for ambulatory adults with acute bronchitis from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2018. The intervention was implemented in December 2016 for emergency departments and urgent care clinics followed by ambulatory clinics in September 2017.

Setting:

Outpatient settings across a health system, including 15 emergency departments, >30 urgent care clinics, and >150 ambulatory clinics.

Participants:

All adults with a primary diagnosis of acute bronchitis who were seen and discharged from a study site were included.

Interventions:

A passive, prescriber-directed, best-practice advisory for treatment of acute bronchitis in the electronic health record and an optional, online education module regarding acute bronchitis.

Results:

The study included 81,975 ambulatory adults with a primary diagnosis of acute bronchitis during the preintervention period (19.8% >65 years of age; 61.9% female) and 89,571 ambulatory adults during the postintervention period (16.5% >65 years of age; 61.1% female). Antibiotic prescribing rates decreased from 60.8% (49,877 of 81,975 patients) preintervention to 51.4% (46,018 of 89,571 patients) postintervention (absolute difference, 9.4%; P < .001). The largest reduction occurred in the emergency departments.

Conclusions:

An electronic best practice advisory combined with prescriber education was associated with a statistically significant reduction in antibiotic prescribing for adults with acute bronchitis. Future studies should incorporate patient education and address prescriber-reported barriers to appropriate antibiotic prescribing.
Eight formulae for the area of triangle OIH
Authors: Josefsson Martin
Published: October 2019

Which is your favourite formula in triangle geometry? Mine is definitely the formula for the area of triangle OIH . It is well known that the perpendicular bisectors to the sides of any triangle are concurrent at a point O (centre of the circumcircle), that the angle bisectors to the vertex angles are concurrent at a point I (centre of the incircle), and that the altitudes are concurrent at a point H. If the triangle is not isosceles, then these three points are all different and uniquely determine a new triangle OIH (see Figure 1), whose area can be expressed in terms of the sides a, b, c of the original triangle. I derived such a formula 20 years ago, and later found out that it had been studied a century earlier.
Effects of macroalgal morphology on marine epifaunal diversity
Authors: Gan Su Xuan , Tay Ywee Chieh , Huang Danwei
Published: October 2019

Macroalgae play important ecological roles, including as hosts for a wide range of epifauna. However, the diversity relationships between macroalgae and epifauna are poorly understood for most tropical host species and algal morphologies. This study aims to characterize and analyse the diversity of invertebrates present amongst macroalgae with three distinct morphologies (three-dimensional, filamentous and foliose) across different tropical intertidal sites in Singapore. Morphological and DNA barcoding tools were employed for epifaunal species identification, and ordination statistics and multiple linear regression were used to test the effects of algal morphology, species and site on community structure and diversity of epiphytic invertebrates. Overall, epifaunal communities were distinct among sites and algal morphologies, and diversity was affected significantly by algal morphology. In particular, filamentous macroalgae hosted the highest abundance of epifauna dominated mainly by amphipods, which were able to take advantage of the high surface area to volume ratio in filamentous algal mats as a consequence of their thinner forms. Foliose species showed a significantly negative effect on invertebrate diversity. Our findings highlight the diverse associations between intertidal macroalgae and invertebrates with high turnover between algal morphology and sites that contribute to the high biodiversity of tropical shores. Future studies should consider the effects of the host habitat, seasonality and more algal species on epifaunal diversity.
NOTES FROM ROME 2018–19
Authors: Claridge Amanda , Siwicki Christopher
Published: October 2019

This gazette presents to the reader outside Rome news of recent archaeological activity (in the second half of 2018 and the first half of 2019) gleaned from public lectures, conferences, exhibitions, and newspaper reports.
Thinking Gender Differently: New Approaches to Identity Difference in the Central European Neolithic
Authors: Bickle Penny
Published: October 2019

Gender in the European Neolithic has seen little debate, despite major scholarly interest in identity and social relationships. This article considers how gender operated in theLinearbandkeramik(LBK,c.5500–5000 cal.bc), the first farming culture of central Europe. A new theoretical approach is developed from the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari, and the feminist philosopher Braidotti, proposing that how difference and variation are conceived is an important element in how identity is experienced and performed. The concept of ‘difference-within-itself’ is introduced and applied to an assemblage ofc.2350 burials from the LBK via correspondence analysis. The results of this analysis are combined with variation in daily activities and health between male-sexed bodies and female-sexed bodies to argue that differences between males and females shaped lifeways in the LBK, providing different and varied ways of participating in social life. It is concluded that there was diversity and fluidity in female identities, while male identities had more limited possibilities and were subject to further social constraints. The implications of these gendered differences for models of LBK social organization are then considered.
Financial Solidarity: The Future of Unions in the post-JanusEra
Authors: Finger Leslie K. , Hartney Michael T.
Published: October 2019

In 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court adopted a “right-to-work” (RTW) legal regime for the entire government workforce (Janus v. AFSCME). While many predict lower union membership, few have considered howJanuswill challenge the overall cost-sharing strategy that unions use to ensure their affiliates’ organizational maintenance and survival. Using the National Education Association (NEA) as our empirical example, we develop and test a theory we call “financial solidarity,” which posits that union organizational maintenance hinges on the transfer of resources from affiliates in strong labor states to those in weaker labor states. We demonstrate that this system is in effect by showing that most NEA revenue originates from dues and fees paid by teachers in strong labor states and then by examining the causal effect of labor law retrenchment on affiliates’ reliance on their national union between 2005–2018. We find that the NEA transfers an additional $6–10 per member and is significantly more likely to make a political contribution in an affiliate’s state in the aftermath of retrenchment. These findings highlight that unions are maintained on an organizational model that relies on a balance of strong and weak state labor laws. By upending that equilibrium,Janusthreatens to undermine the power of labor in American politics.
The global process of thinking global literature: from Marx’sWeltliteratur to Sarkozy’s littérature-monde
Authors: Habjan Jernej
Published: October 2019

This article outlines the history of research in global literature as a history that is itself global. This kind of global history of the theorization of global literature demands a departure from the existing accounts and their nascent gap between heated theoreticist debates and pacifying historicist anthologies. A global approach to the problematic can bridge this gap because it considers not only what the most influential studies on global literature say, but also where and when they say it. Whether these be Romantic assertions of world literature, post-war pleas for cosmopolitan literature, Cold War polemics about ‘Third World’ literature, or millennial theories of transnational, post-national, planetary, and, indeed, global literature, the article considers not only the object of these studies but also the studies themselves as an object; not only the text but also the context. Hence, a historicization of literary theories of globalization in effect bleeds into a historicization of globalization itself.
Major Contribution of Reduced Upper Ocean Oxygen Mixing to Global Ocean Deoxygenation in an Earth System Model
Authors: Couespel Damien , Lévy Marina , Bopp Laurent
Published: October 2019

We present a quantitative analysis of deoxygenation drivers applied to an Earth System Model and easily transposable to large model ensembles. The preindustrial ocean breathes in oxygen in polar regions and in subtropical gyres, and breathes out oxygen in the equatorial band and in subpolar gyres. Under a high‐CO2 emission scenario for the 21st century, small deviations of these large natural oxygen fluxes cause global deoxygenation. We attribute half of this trend to a decrease in oxygen solubility. The other half is explained by negative trends in subduction and respiration, which largely cancel out each other. Moreover, 75% of the subduction decrease occurs through changes in mixing across the mixed‐layer base. Our analysis also highlights strong modulations of subduction at the regional scale linked to shifts in wind patterns and associated Ekman pumping.
Modern and Fossil Pockmarks in the New England Mud Patch: Implications for Submarine Groundwater Discharge on the Middle Shelf
Authors: Goff John A.
Published: October 2019

Geophysical evidence is presented for the existence of modern and fossil pockmarks within the New England Mud Patch, an anomalous region of fine‐grained deposition on the middle shelf south of Cape Cod, USA. Modern pockmarks, indicators of focused subsurface fluid flow, are observed as seafloor depressions up to 80‐m wide and 1.2‐m deep, with reflective centers evincing hard material. Probable fossil pockmarks are identified by predominantly u‐shaped bright lenses within the sub‐bottom data and have similar size and distribution as the seafloor pockmarks; they likely indicate long‐term (>10 ka) persistence of episodic‐focused fluid flow. Given the lack of seismic evidence for gas, these features are attributed to submarine groundwater discharge. Based on recent observations and modeling, it is suggested that submarine groundwater discharge is induced by salinity‐driven convection cells associated with overpressured fluids, emplaced either by modern, shore‐connected aquifers, or during Pleistocene glacial advances and retreats.
Effect of Fe3+ on Phase Relations in the Lower Mantle: Implications for Redox Melting in Stagnant Slabs
Authors: Sinmyo Ryosuke , Nakajima Yoichi , McCammon Catherine A. , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Petitgirard Sylvain , Myhill Robert , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Frost Daniel J.
Published: October 2019

Recent studies have revealed that Earth's deep mantle may have a wider range of oxygen fugacities than previously thought. Such a large heterogeneity might be caused by material subducted into the deep mantle. However, high‐pressure phase relations are poorly known in systems including Fe3+ at the top of the lower mantle, where the subducted slab may be stagnant. We therefore conducted high‐pressure and high‐temperature experiments using a multi‐anvil apparatus to study the phase relations in a Fe3+‐bearing system at 26 GPa and 1573–2073 K, at conditions prevailing at the top of the lower mantle. At temperatures below 1923 K, MgSiO3‐rich bridgmanite, an Fe3+‐rich oxide phase, and SiO2 coexist in the recovered sample. Quenched partial melt was observed above 1973 K, which is significantly lower than the solidus temperature of an equivalent Fe3+‐free bulk composition. The partial melt obtained from the Fe3+‐rich bulk composition has a higher iron content than coexisting bridgmanite, similar to the Fe2+‐dominant system. The results suggest that strong mantle oxygen fugacity anomalies might alter the subsolidus and melting phase relations under lower mantle conditions. We conclude that (1) a small amount of melt may be generated from an Al‐depleted region of a stagnant slab, such as subducted former banded‐iron‐formation, and (2) Fe3+ is not transported into the deep part of the lower mantle because of its incompatibility during melting.
The Contribution of Submesoscale over Mesoscale Eddy Iron Transport in the Open Southern Ocean
Authors: Uchida Takaya , Balwada Dhruv , Abernathey Ryan , McKinley Galen , Smith Shafer , Lévy Marina
Published: October 2019

Biological productivity in the Southern Ocean is limited by iron availability. Previous studies of iron supply have focused on mixed‐layer entrainment and diapycnal fluxes. However, the Southern Ocean is a region highly energetic mesoscale and submesoscale turbulence. Here we investigate the role of eddies in supplying iron to the euphotic zone, using a flat‐bottom zonally re‐entrant model, configured to represent the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region, that is coupled to a biogeochemical model with a realistic seasonal cycle. Eddies are admitted or suppressed by changing the model's horizontal resolution. We utilize cross spectral analysis and the generalized Omega equation to temporally and spatially decompose the vertical transport attributable to mesoscale and submesoscale motions. Our results suggest that the mesoscale vertical fluxes provide a first‐order pathway for transporting iron across the mixing‐layer base, where diapycnal mixing is weak, and must be included in modeling the open‐Southern Ocean iron budget.
Data Mining to Uncover Heterogeneous Water Use Behaviors From Smart Meter Data
Authors: Cominola A. , Nguyen K. , Giuliani M. , Stewart R. A. , Maier H. R. , Castelletti A.
Published: October 2019

Knowledge on the determinants and patterns of water demand for different consumers supports the design of customized demand management strategies. Smart meters coupled with big data analytics tools create a unique opportunity to support such strategies. Yet, at present, the information content of smart meter data is not fully mined and usually needs to be complemented with water fixture inventory and survey data to achieve detailed customer segmentation based on end use water usage. In this paper, we developed a data‐driven approach that extracts information on heterogeneous water end use routines, main end use components, and temporal characteristics, only via data mining existing smart meter readings at the scale of individual households. We tested our approach on data from 327 households in Australia, each monitored with smart meters logging water use readings every 5 s. As part of the approach, we first disaggregated the household‐level water use time series into different end uses via Autoflow. We then adapted a customer segmentation based on eigenbehavior analysis to discriminate among heterogeneous water end use routines and identify clusters of consumers presenting similar routines. Results revealed three main water end use profile clusters, each characterized by a primary end use: shower, clothes washing, and irrigation. Time‐of‐use and intensity‐of‐use differences exist within each class, as well as different characteristics of regularity and periodicity over time. Our customer segmentation analysis approach provides utilities with a concise snapshot of recurrent water use routines from smart meter data and can be used to support customized demand management strategies.
Smart-phone, paper-based fluorescent sensor for ultra-low inorganic phosphate detection in environmental samples
Authors: Sarwar Mehenur , Leichner Jared , Naja Ghinwa M. , Li Chen-Zhong
Published: October 2019

A major goal of environmental agencies today is to conduct point-of-collection monitoring of excess inorganic phosphate (Pi) in environmental water samples for tracking aquatic “dead zones” caused by algae blooms. However, there are no existing commercial devices which have been miniaturized and are suitable for the point-of-need-testing (“PONT”) that is required to fully map a large region, such as the Florida Everglades. To solve this challenge, a reflection-mode fluorescence-sensing apparatus was developed, leveraging an environmentally sensitive fluorophore (MDCC) bound to a bacterial phosphate-binding protein to generate a fluorescent optical signal proportional to the concentration of (Pi) present. The combined end-to-end integrated sensor system had a response time of only 4 s, with minimal effects of common interfering agents and a linear range spanning from 1.1 to 64 ppb. To support ease-of-use during PONT, the platform incorporated disposable wax-printed paper strip sample pads and a smartphone camera detection system. Since the EPA threshold is currently 30 ppb to prevent eutrophication, this system serves as a rapid test of whether a region is compliant.
Correction: Taxonomic diversity of fungi deposited from the atmosphere
Authors: Woo Cheolwoon , An Choa , Xu Siyu , Yi Seung-Muk , Yamamoto Naomichi
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Psychosocial moderation of polygenic risk for cannabis involvement: the role of trauma exposure and frequency of religious service attendance
Authors: Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Aliev Fazil , Johnson Emma C. , McCutcheon Vivia V. , Su Jinni , Kuo Sally I-Chun , Lai Dongbing , Wetherill Leah , Wang Jen C. , Chan Grace , Hesselbrock Victor , Foroud Tatiana , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Edenberg Howard J. , Dick Danielle M. , Porjesz Bernice , Agrawal Arpana
Published: October 2019

Cannabis use and disorders (CUD) are influenced by multiple genetic variants of small effect and by the psychosocial environment. However, this information has not been effectively incorporated into studies of gene–environment interaction (GxE). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) that aggregate the effects of genetic variants can aid in identifying the links between genetic risk and psychosocial factors. Using data from the Pasman et al. GWAS of cannabis use (meta-analysis of data from the International Cannabis Consortium and UK Biobank), we constructed PRS in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) participants of European (N: 7591) and African (N: 3359) ancestry. The primary analyses included only individuals of European ancestry, reflecting the ancestral composition of the discovery GWAS from which the PRS was derived. Secondary analyses included the African ancestry sample. Associations of PRS with cannabis use and DSM-5 CUD symptom count (CUDsx) and interactions with trauma exposure and frequency of religious service attendance were examined. Models were adjusted for sex, birth cohort, genotype array, and ancestry. Robustness models were adjusted for cross-term interactions. Higher PRS were associated with a greater likelihood of cannabis use and with CUDsx among participants of European ancestry (p < 0.05 and p < 0.1 thresholds, respectively). PRS only influenced cannabis use among those exposed to trauma (R2: 0.011 among the trauma exposed vs. R2: 0.002 in unexposed). PRS less consistently influenced cannabis use among those who attend religious services less frequently; PRS × religious service attendance effects were attenuated when cross-term interactions with ancestry and sex were included in the model. Polygenic liability to cannabis use was related to cannabis use and, less robustly, progression to symptoms of CUD. This study provides the first evidence of PRS × trauma for cannabis use and demonstrates that ignoring important aspects of the psychosocial environment may mask genetic influences on polygenic traits.
Novel USP9X variants in two patients with X-linked intellectual disability
Authors: Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Kuroda Yukiko , Yamanouchi Yasuko , Kondo Eisuke , Ouchi Kazunobu , Kimura Yuichi , Enomoto Yumi , Aida Noriko , Masuno Mitsuo , Kurosawa Kenji
Published: October 2019

USP9X variants have been reported in patients with X-linked intellectual disability. Here, we report two female patients with intellectual disability and pigment abnormalities along Blaschko lines. Targeted resequencing identified two novel heterozygous variants, c.4068_4072del (p. (Leu1357Tyrfs*12)) and c.1201C>T (p. (Arg401*)), in USP9X. Our findings provide further evidence that USP9X variants cause intellectual disability.
A systematic review of psychological, physical health factors, and quality of life in adult asthma
Authors: Stanescu Sabina , Kirby Sarah E. , Thomas Mike , Yardley Lucy , Ainsworth Ben
Published: October 2019

Asthma is a common non-communicable disease, often characterized by activity limitation, negative effects on social life and relationships, problems with finding and keeping employment, and poor quality of life. The objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature investigating the potential factors impacting quality of life (QoL) in asthma. Electronic searches were carried out on: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (initial search April 2017 and updated in January 2019). All primary research studies including asthma, psychological or physical health factors, and quality of life were included. Narrative synthesis was used to develop themes among findings in included studies in an attempt to identify variables impacting QoL in asthma. The search retrieved 43 eligible studies that were grouped in three themes: psychological factors (including anxiety and depression, other mental health conditions, illness representations, and emotion regulation), physical health factors (including BMI and chronic physical conditions), and multifactorial aspects, including the interplay of health and psychological factors and asthma. These were found to have a substantial impact on QoL in asthma, both directly and indirectly, by affecting self-management, activity levels and other outcomes. Findings suggest a complex and negative effect of health and psychological factors on QoL in asthma. The experience of living with asthma is multifaceted, and future research and intervention development studies should take this into account, as well as the variety of variables interacting and affecting the person.
Author Correction: Evaluating FAIR maturity through a scalable, automated, community-governed framework
Authors: Wilkinson Mark D. , Dumontier Michel , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , Bonino da Silva Santos Luiz Olavo , Prieto Mario , Batista Dominique , McQuilton Peter , Kuhn Tobias , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Crosas Mercѐ , Schultes Erik
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Dual paths cryptosystem based on tilt Fresnel diffraction using non-spherical mirror and phase modulation in expanded fractional Fourier transform domain
Authors: Chen Hang , Liu Zhengjun , Tanougast Camel , Liu Feifei , Blondel Walter
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a dual optics paths optical image cryptosystem based on tilt Fresnel diffraction and a phase modulation in extend fractional Fourier transform (eFrFT) domain is presented. The tilt Fresnel is designed by using a non-spherical mirror. A part of data from the original image is modulated by the mirror, while the other part is encoded by an expanded fractional Fourier transform. Besides, the random data of the dual channels is combined for forming the encrypted image. The structure parameters in designing the optical hardware system and the random phase can be regarded as decryption keys. Various potential attack experiments are implemented to check the validity of the proposed cryptographic system.
Study of solidification pathway of a MoSiBTiC alloy by optical thermal analysis and in-situ observation with electromagnetic levitation
Authors: Fukuyama Hiroyuki , Sawada Ryogo , Nakashima Haruki , Ohtsuka Makoto , Yoshimi Kyosuke
Published: October 2019

MoSiBTiC alloys are promising candidates for next-generation ultrahigh-temperature materials. However, the phase diagram of these alloys has been unknown. We have developed an ultrahigh-temperature thermal analyser based on blackbody radiation that can be used to analyse the melting and solidification of the alloy 67.5Mo–5Si–10B–8.75Ti–8.75 C (mol%). Furthermore, electromagnetic levitation (EML) was used for in-situ observation of solidification and microstructural study of the alloy. On the basis of the results, the following solidification pathway is proposed: Mo solid solution (Moss) begins to crystallize out as a primary phase at 1955 °C (2228 K) from a liquid state, which is followed by a (Moss+TiC) eutectic reaction starting at 1900 °C (2173 K). Molybdenum boride (Mo2B) phase precipitates from the liquid after the eutectic reaction; however, the Mo2B phase may react with the remaining liquid to form Moss and Mo5SiB2 (T2) as solidification proceeds. In addition, T2 also precipitates as a single phase from the liquid. The remaining liquid reaches the (Moss + T2 + TiC) ternary eutectic point at 1880 °C (2153 K), and the (Moss + T2 + Mo2C) eutectic reaction finally occurs at 1720 °C (1993 K). This completes the solidification of the MoSiBTiC alloy.
Finger Posture and Finger Load are Perceived Independently
Authors: Prendergast Brendan , Brooks Jack , Goodman James M. , Boyarinova Maria , Winberry Jeremy E. , Bensmaia Sliman J.
Published: October 2019

The ability to track the time-varying postures of our hands and the forces they exert plays a key role in our ability to dexterously interact with objects. However, how precisely and accurately we sense hand kinematics and kinetics has not been completely characterized. Furthermore, the dominant source of information about hand postures stems from muscle spindles, whose responses can also signal isometric force and are modulated by fusimotor input. As such, one might expect that changing the state of the muscles – for example, by applying a load – would influence perceived finger posture. To address these questions, we measure the acuity of human hand proprioception, investigate the interplay between kinematic and kinetic signals, and determine the extent to which actively and passively achieved postures are perceived differently. We find that angle and torque perception are highly precise; that loads imposed on the finger do not affect perceived joint angle; that joint angle does not affect perceived load; and that hand postures are perceived similarly whether they are achieved actively or passively. The independence of finger posture and load perception contrasts with their interdependence in the upper arm, likely reflecting the special functional importance of the hand.
Active nitrogen fixation by Crocosphaera expands their niche despite the presence of ammonium – A case study
Authors: Inomura Keisuke , Masuda Takako , Gauglitz Julia M.
Published: October 2019

Unicellular nitrogen fixer Crocosphaera contributes substantially to nitrogen fixation in oligotrophic subtropical gyres. They fix nitrogen even when significant amounts of ammonium are available. This has been puzzling since fixing nitrogen is energetically inefficient compared with using available ammonium. Here we show that by fixing nitrogen, Crocosphaera can increase their population and expand their niche despite the presence of ammonium. We have developed a simple but mechanistic model of Crocosphaera based on their growth in steady state culture. The model shows that the growth of Crocosphaera can become nitrogen limited despite their capability to fix nitrogen. When they fix nitrogen, the population increases by up to 78% relative to the case without nitrogen fixation. When we simulate a simple ecological situation where Crocosphaera exists with non-nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton, the relative abundance of Crocosphaera increases with nitrogen fixation, while the population of non-nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton decreases since a larger fraction of fixed nitrogen is consumed by Crocosphaera. Our study quantitatively supports the benefit of nitrogen fixation despite the high electron/energy costs, even when an energetically efficient alternative is available. It demonstrates a competitive aspect of Crocosphaera, permitting them to be regionally significant nitrogen fixers.
Oligomeric state, hydrodynamic properties and target recognition of human Calcium and Integrin Binding protein 2 (CIB2)
Authors: Dal Cortivo Giuditta , Marino Valerio , Iacobucci Claudio , Vallone Rosario , Arlt Christian , Rehkamp Anne , Sinz Andrea , Dell’Orco Daniele
Published: October 2019

Calcium- and Integrin-Binding protein 2 (CIB2) is a small and ubiquitously expressed protein with largely unknown biological function but ascertained role in hearing physiology and disease. Recent studies found that CIB2 binds Ca2+ with moderate affinity and dimerizes under conditions mimicking the physiological ones. Here we provided new lines of evidence on CIB2 oligomeric state and the mechanism of interaction with the α7B integrin target. Based on a combination of native mass spectrometry, chemical cross-linking/mass spectrometry, analytical gel filtration, dynamic light scattering and molecular dynamics simulations we conclude that CIB2 is monomeric under all tested conditions and presents uncommon hydrodynamic properties, most likely due to the high content of hydrophobic solvent accessible surface. Surface plasmon resonance shows that the interaction with α7B occurs with relatively low affinity and is limited to the cytosolic region proximal to the membrane, being kinetically favored in the presence of physiological Mg2+ and in the absence of Ca2+. Although CIB2 binds to an α7B peptide in a 1:1 stoichiometry, the formation of the complex might induce binding of another CIB2 molecule.
Core-independent approach for polymer brush-functionalised nanomaterials with a fluorescent tag for RNA delivery
Authors: Li Danyang , Wu Linke , Qu Fengjin , Ribadeneyra Maria Crespo , Tu Guoli , Gautrot Julien
Published: October 2019

A core-independent approach for the design of polymer brush-functionalised nanomaterials with a fluorescent tag for RNA delivery.
Catalytic selective mono- and difluoroalkylation using fluorinated silyl enol ethers
Authors: Hu Xiao-Si , Yu Jin-Sheng , Zhou Jian
Published: October 2019

This feature article highlights our recent achievements in catalytic selective mono- and difluoroalkylation using fluorinated silyl enol ethers (FSEEs).
A dual underliquid superlyophobic surface in organic media for on-demand separation of immiscible organic liquid mixtures
Authors: Sun Yihan , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang
Published: October 2019

A facile protocol was developed for preparing a dual underliquid superlyophobic surface for the on-demand separation of immiscible organic liquids.
Graphite nanoparticle addition to fertilizers reduces nitrate leaching in growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
Authors: Pandorf Madelyn , Pourzahedi Leila , Gilbertson Leanne , Lowry Gregory V. , Herckes Pierre , Westerhoff Paul
Published: October 2019

This study focused on nitrate leaching through soil during growth of romaine lettuce where 2-D graphite (CNPs) were combined with fertilizer and applied to soil to test the CNP effect on yield, nitrate leaching, and plant nutrient uptake.
Metal–organic ferroelectric complexes: enantiomer directional induction achieved above-room-temperature homochiral molecular ferroelectrics
Authors: Liu Yu-Ling , Ge Jia-Zhen , Wang Zhong-Xia , Xiong Ren-Gen
Published: October 2019

Enantiomer induction in a metal–organic complex system is used to directionally design homochiral molecular ferroelectrics.
Theoretical insights into the effect of pristine, doped and hole graphene on the overall performance of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Li Yuanchao , Li Xin , Xu Yanling
Published: October 2019

Graphene, a promising two-dimensional carbon material, has been extensively employed in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with encouraging results.
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) paired carbon dot-based complex nanoprobes: versatile platforms for sensing and imaging applications
Authors: Miao Shihai , Liang Kang , Kong Biao
Published: October 2019

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) paired carbon dot composite nanoprobes are studied as multi-functional platforms for sensing and imaging applications.
Effect of annealing temperature on silicon-based MoSx thin film solar cells
Authors: Xu Haoyu , Chen Dongqiang , Xin Litao , Xu Heju , Yu Wei
Published: October 2019

A suitable annealing temperature was found by adopting the sol–gel method to prepare silicon-based molybdenum sulfide film heterojunction solar cells.
Candle soot nanoparticle-decorated wood for efficient solar vapor generation
Authors: Wang Zhe , Yan Yutao , Shen Xiaoping , Sun Qingfeng , Jin Chunde
Published: October 2019

Nature-inspired candle soot nanoparticle decorated wood for efficient solar vapor generation.
Interfacial rheology and direct imaging reveal domain-templated network formation in phospholipid monolayers penetrated by fibrinogen
Authors: Williams Ian , Zasadzinski Joseph A. , Squires Todd M.
Published: October 2019

The shear response of a phospholipid monolayer penetrated by fibrinogen is determined by the formation of a domain-templated protein network.
Correction: Pickering nano-emulsions stabilized by solid lipid nanoparticles as a temperature sensitive drug delivery system
Authors: Dieng Sidy Mouhamed , Anton Nicolas , Bouriat Patrick , Thioune Oumar , Sy Papa Mady , Messaddeq Nadia , Ennahar Said , Diarra Mounibé , Vandamme Thierry
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘Pickering nano-emulsions stabilized by solid lipid nanoparticles as a temperature sensitive drug delivery system’ by Sidy Mouhamed Dieng et al., Soft Matter, 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01283d.
Correction: A nature-inspired lubricant-infused surface for sustainable drag reduction
Authors: Lee Sang Joon , Kim Hae Nyeok , Choi Woorak , Yoon Gun Young , Seo Eunseok
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘A nature-inspired lubricant-infused surface for sustainable drag reduction’ by Sang Joon Lee et al., Soft Matter, 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01576k.
Perovskite solar cell-hybrid devices: thermoelectrically, electrochemically, and piezoelectrically connected power packs
Authors: Zabihi Fatemeh , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Xu Zhen , Ali Aizaz , Kumi Alex Kwasi , Zhang Hui , Jose Rajan , Ramakrishna Seeram , Yang Shengyuan
Published: October 2019

Perovskite solar cells connected with other power devices have the potential to drive consumer electronics in the smartest possible way. Here we review the means of integration, materials for integration, and performance of hybrid devices.
Stable lithium metal anodes enabled by inorganic/organic double-layered alloy and polymer coating
Authors: Zhang Yuanjun , Wang Guanyao , Tang Liang , Wu Jiajie , Guo Bingkun , Zhu Ming , Wu Chao , Dou Shi Xue , Wu Minghong
Published: October 2019

We develop an alloy/polymer double-layered protective coating as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to mitigate immoderate dendrite growth during the cycling process for lithium metal anodes (LMAs).
A self-healing interface on lithium metal with lithium difluoro (bisoxalato) phosphate for enhanced lithium electrochemistry
Authors: Zhuang Jingchun , Wang Xianshu , Xu Mengqing , Chen Zhi , Liu Mingzhu , Cheng Xueqiong , Li Weishan
Published: October 2019

The practical applications of lithium (Li) metal anodes are suppressed by one of the most serious obstacles to energy storage: the high interfacial instability during deposition and dissolution.
Formation of a photoactive quasi-2D formamidinium lead iodide perovskite in water
Authors: Jana Atanu , Ba Qiankai , Nissimagoudar Arun S. , Kim Kwang S.
Published: October 2019

There has been no report on the synthesis of fluorescent α-phase stabilized quasi-2D FAPbI3 [FA = CH(NH2)2] perovskite nanocrystals in water.
Investigation of the photocorrosion of n-GaP photoanodes in acid with in situ UV-Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Pishgar Sahar , Strain Jacob M. , Gulati Saumya , Sumanasekera Gamini , Gupta Gautam , Spurgeon Joshua M.
Published: October 2019

The in situ photocorrosion of GaP is studied with a widely applicable spectroelectrochemical method, yielding insights on n vs. p+ corrosion.
Delivery of TRAIL-expressing plasmid DNA to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo using aminoglycoside-derived polymers
Authors: Goklany Sheba , Lu Ping , Godeshala Sudhakar , Hall Andrea , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Voelkel-Johnson Christina , Rege Kaushal
Published: October 2019

Novel aminoglycoside-derived polymers for therapeutic gene delivery of the TRAIL-expressing plasmid to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
A high-pressure enhanced coupling effect between graphene electrical contacts and two-dimensional materials thereby improving the performance of their constituent FET devices
Authors: Zhou Lijie , Ge Chuanyang , Yang Huihui , Sun Yi , Zhang Jia
Published: October 2019

Electrical performances of WSe2devices are improved by removing bubbles and wrinkles in the graphene contacts using high-pressure treatment and thermal annealing.
ASIC1a activation induces calcium-dependent apoptosis of BMSCs under conditions that mimic the acidic microenvironment of the degenerated intervertebral disc
Authors: Cai Feng , Hong Xin , Tang Xiang , Liu Nai-Cheng , Wang Feng , Zhu Lei , Xie Xin-Hui , Xie Zhi-Yang , Wu Xiao-Tao
Published: October 2019

Purpose: In the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD), matrix acidity challenges transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The Ca2+-permeable acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is responsible for acidosis-mediated tissue injury. The aim of our study was to confirm whether ASIC1a activation induces BMSC apoptosis under conditions that mimic the acidic microenvironment of the degenerated IVD.

Methods: ASIC1a expression in rat BMSCs was investigated by real time-PCR, Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence. The proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs under acidic conditions were analyzed by MTT and TUNEL assays. Ca2+-imaging was used to assess the acid-induced increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The activation of calpain and calcineurin was analyzed using specific kits, and WB analysis was performed to detect apoptosis-related proteins. Ultrastructural changes in BMSCs were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Results: Acid exposure led to the activation of ASIC1a and increased BMSC apoptosis. The Ca2+ imaging assay showed a significant increase in the [Ca2+]i in response to a solution at pH 6.0. However, BMSC apoptosis and [Ca2+]i elevation were alleviated in the presence of an ASIC1a inhibitor. Moreover, ASIC1a mediated the Ca2+ influx-induced activation of calpain and calcineurin in BMSCs. WB analysis and TEM revealed mitochondrial apoptosis, which was inhibited by an ASIC1a inhibitor, in BMSCs under acidic conditions.

Conclusions: The mimical acidic microenvironment of the degenerated IVD can induce BMSC apoptosis by activating Ca2+-permeable ASIC1a. An acid-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in BMSCs leads to the subsequent activation of calpain and calcineurin, further resulting in increased mitochondrial permeability and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
Nouveaux moyens de communications en orthochirurgie - workflow numérique
Authors: Caruhel Jean-Baptiste , Moulin Paul , Badouraly Sarah , Achouche Morgane , Gourdon Diane , Ketoff Serge
Published: October 2019

L’essor des technologies, notamment la dématérialisation des informations propres au patient (courriers, imageries, empreintes) et les planifications numériques ont changé peu à peu la façon dont le trio orthodontiste-patient-chirurgien communique. La dématérialisation des données permet un échange plus rapide et efficient entre spécialistes.

Par ailleurs, les simulations informatiques des projets orthodontiques et chirurgicaux et leurs présentations au patient s’intègre comme un nouvel outil éducatif. La maîtrise des moyens d’informations disponibles doit être utilisée pour l’éducation du patient en dehors des temps de consultation. Les différents moyens de communication et leurs intégrations au sein d’une prise en charge orthodontico-chirurgicale vont être ici détaillés point par point.
Le Digital Smile Design (DSD) : une méthode numérique complémentaire dans la planification d’un plan de traitement orthodontique
Authors: Charavet Carole , Bernard Jean-Claude , Gaillard Cyril , Le Gall Michel
Published: October 2019

Le Digital Smile Design (DSD) a été mis au point dans les années 2000 par Christian Coachman, chirurgien-dentiste et prothésiste dentaire de Sao Paulo, Brésil et avait pour intention de lier la situation initiale du patient au résultat final de la réhabilitation. Aujourd’hui, c’est un outil très utilisé en dentisterie esthétique/réhabilitation prothétique afin de planifier numériquement un projet de traitement, le plus souvent multidisciplinaire.

Bien que peu connu dans le domaine de l’Orthodontie, le Digital Smile Design se révèle être une méthode complémentaire à l’examen orthodontique classique par l’apport d’éléments supplémentaires et significatifs.

Ainsi, dans des cas orthodontiques complexes et/ ou plurisciplinaires, le DSD se révèle être une méthode numérique pertinente dans la planification d’un plan de traitement orthodontique.
Osteoporosis in the Context of Medial Expert Evidence
Authors: Schwarze Martin , Schiltenwolf Marcus
Published: October 2019

Due to its high prevalence und sometimes serious medical consequences, osteoporosis is of highest socio-economic importance. Medical experts are confronted with it in a wide variety of fields of law. In order to be able to correctly classify the disease in the respective legal framework, current knowledge about it is required. Important classifications as well as scientifically determined findings on fractures and fracture healing are in the foreground. This knowledge can be used to answer questions concerning prevention, reduced earning capacity, incapacity for work, context assessments or restrictions according to the social compensation law or the severely disabled law.
Euthanasie von Pferden – Ergebnisse einer Tierärzte- und Besitzerbefragung
Authors: Gehlen Heidrun , Loschelder Johanna , Walther Maike
Published: October 2019

Gegenstand und Ziel Die Euthanasie eines Pferdes ist eine verantwortungsvolle Aufgabe für den Tierarzt. Die Durchführung sollte für den Patienten wie für den Besitzer möglichst stressarm sein und Schmerzen und Leiden des Tieres vermeiden. Vor diesem Hintergrund war das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Auswirkungen einer Euthanasie auf Pferdebesitzer näher zu untersuchen, um Empfehlungen für Verbesserungen bei der Euthanasie von Pferden geben zu können.

Material und Methode Es wurden Fragebögen zur Erfahrung mit Euthanasie für Pferdebesitzer und Tierärzte konzipiert und online gestellt bzw. per Mail verschickt.

Ergebnisse Tierarztfragebogen: An der Umfrage nahmen 12 Pferdekliniken teil. Als Euthanasiegrund wurden überwiegend akute Notfälle, insbesondere Kolik, angegeben. In 75 % der Fälle war der Besitzer bei der Euthanasie anwesend. Der Ort der Euthanasie und die verwendete Prämedikation variierten zwischen den Kliniken stark. Als Euthanasiepräparat kam in den meisten Kliniken (n = 8) Embutramid in Kombination mit Tetracainhydrochlorid und Mebezoniumiodid (T61™) zur Anwendung. Bei der Euthanasie wurden am häufigsten Muskelzuckungen und tiefe Atemzüge vor Einsetzen des Atemstillstands („final gasps“) beobachtet. Die Auswertung der 273 Besitzerfragebögen ergab chronische, altersbedingte Erkrankungen und Kolik als dominierende Gründe für die Euthanasie. Das Einschläfern der Pferde erfolgte zu 78,8 % im eigenen Stall und zu 21,2 % in einer Pferdeklinik. Die Besitzer bewerteten die Empathie der praktizierenden Tierärzte insgesamt als gut und 83,5 % fühlten sich über den Vorgang der Euthanasie durch den Tierarzt gut aufgeklärt. Für 64,8 % bedeutete die Präsenz bei der Euthanasie eine Hilfe bei der Bewältigung des Verlusts ihres Pferdes. Besitzer, die ihr Tier in einer Pferdeklinik einschläfern lassen mussten, bemängelten teilweise die Atmosphäre und mangelnde Aufklärung.

Schlussfolgerung Nach den erhobenen Daten erscheint es ratsam, den Besitzer vor der Euthanasie seines Pferdes genau über den Ablauf und die Kosten zu informieren. Darüber hinaus sollte der Besitzer auf das eventuelle Auftreten unerwünschter Begleiterscheinungen wie z. B. Muskelzuckungen oder „final gasps“ aufgeklärt werden.
Die Gabe von Meloxicam an Kühe nach Dystokie steigert nicht die Inzidenz der Retentio secundinarum
Authors: Kunz Fabian , Koca Davut , Failing Klaus , Wehrend Axel , Sendag Sait
Published: October 2019

Gegenstand und Ziel Die Gabe von Schmerzmitteln an Kühe nach der Geburt hat im Rahmen der gesellschaftlichen verstärkten Beachtung von Tierwohl zugenommen. Von einigen nicht steroidalen Antiphlogistika ist bekannt, dass sie bei Applikation direkt nach der Geburt zu einer erhöhten Anzahl von Kühen mit Retentio secundinarum führen. Deshalb war es Ziel dieser Arbeit zu überprüfen, ob die Gabe von Meloxicam nach Dystokie die Inzidenz der Nachgeburtsverhaltung bei Kühen steigert.

Material und Methoden Die Untersuchung erfolgte an 63 Holstein-Friesian-Kühen aus 4 Milchviehbetrieben nach einer Dystokie. Tieren der Behandlungsgruppe (n = 27) wurde innerhalb von 2–8 Stunden nach dem Kalben einmalig das nicht steroidale Antiphlogistikum Meloxicam (0,5 mg/kg) subkutan verabreicht. Die Tiere in der Kontrollgruppe (n = 36) erhielten subkutan das gleiche Volumen einer Infusionslösung für Rinder (Amynin®, Infusionslösung für Rinder, Boehringer Ingelheim). Die klinische Untersuchung der Kühe fand am Tag der Geburt und am 21. Tag post partum statt. Informationen über Befunde an den Tagen dazwischen wurden durch Befragung der Landwirte erhoben. Zur Überprüfung eines Unterschiedes zwischen der Behandlungs- und der Kontrollgruppe diente der Exakte Test nach Fisher.

Ergebnisse Die behandelten Kühe entwickelten nicht häufiger eine Nachgeburtsverhaltung als die Kontrolltiere.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die einmalige Gabe von Meloxicam an Kühe nach Dystokie steigert nicht die Inzidenz der Nachgeburtsverhaltung.