bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from aquaculture objects of Uzbekistan
Authors: Amirsaidova Dildora , Mamamtraimova Shakhnoza , Bekmurodova Gullola , Hidirova Mastura , Hushvaktov Erkin , Makhsumkhanova Mubina , Miralimova Shakhlo
Published: April 2023

Lactic acid bacteria have a high potency to combat infections in the body. The range of lactic acid bacteria isolated from aquaculture in Uzbekistan has been described in this article. We found that Lactobacillus delbrueckii, L. plantarum, L. sakei, L. brevis, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus acidilactici, P. pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium, E. hirae, E. mundii, E.faecalis, Leuconostoc citreum, and Weisella sibaria strains are represented in hydrobionts. Among them isolates Lactobacillus delbrueckii R1, Lactobacillus plantarum Kr5, Pediococcus acidilactici B, Enterococcus faecium R2, Lactobacillus plantarum R3, Pediococcus pentosaceus R1 showed high antagonistic activity against aquaculture pathogens. Four strains: Lactobacillus plantarum Kr5, Pediococcus acidilactici B, Enterococcus faecium R2, and Pediococcus pentosaceus R1, meet all the criteria for probiotics and can be recommended as part of probiotic feed additives.
The problems of digital training of specialists for the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Efremova Nadezhda , Tsoy Nadezhda , Platonova Irina
Published: April 2023

New trends in the agro-industrial complex require specialists working in agriculture to possess digital skills and competencies. There is an acute shortage of personnel capable of solving a wide range of tasks based on modern digital technologies. The article is devoted to the actual problem of training graduates in the context of the development of digital didactics as a new methodology for teaching in a digital environment with changes in technologies and means due to the digital transformation of all types of social life. In this study, using a questionnaire on a wide range of issues, an analysis was made of the readiness of teachers and students for the digital transition in education and their ability to use the digital educational space to organize and conduct the educational process. The strengths and weaknesses of the participants in educational activities, the positive and problematic aspects of digital education, the didactic difficulties of learning in the digital environment are noted. The emphasis is on assessing the state and problems of digital didactics in domestic and international educational practice. The factors that determine the effectiveness of training in the digital environment are described. New didactic principles are presented that contribute to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of educational activities, requiring digital literacy of teachers and students for their implementation.
Features of flax seeds and their use in the production of “Tahini”
Authors: Khudaykulov Anvar , Isabaev Ismoil , Rakhmonov Kakhramon , Djuraeva Nafisa , Ibragimov Ulugbek
Published: April 2023

Research on the use of natural enrichment additives from vegetable raw materials is becoming increasingly important in solving the problem of providing the population with a complete and nutritionally balanced diet. The article covers a method for solving this urgent problem on the example of “Tahini” sesame paste, characterized by a reduced content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 family, in particular, αlinolenic acid. Authors used non-traditional raw materials for this product in order to enrich the paste. The purpose of research was to develop a recipe and technology for the production of sesame paste with the additional use of oil flax seeds to increase the nutritional value of the product. The task of research was to determine the possibility of using oil flax seeds for partial replacement of sesame seeds in the recipe of Tahini paste to enrich its chemical composition with essential fatty acids of the ω-3 family and minor biologically active nutrients. The objects of research were sesame seeds of the variety “Tashkentsky – 122” (GOST 12095-76. Sesame for processing. Specifications), flax seeds of the oilseed variety “Bakhmalsky – 2” (GOST 10582-76. Oil flax seeds. Industrial raw materials. Specifications), “Tahini” sesame paste (TS 10.39.22-2019. “Tahini” sesame paste, peanut butter, and other nut butters. Specifications). The experimental part of the work was carried out in the laboratories of the “Food technology” Department of the Bukhara Engineering-Technological Institute. The dependence of the influence of oil flax seeds on the quality and nutritional value of the finished product has been described. During the research, traditional methods for the laboratories of food production enterprises in order to study the properties of raw materials and finished products have been used. Effectiveness of the use of this additive to increase the nutritional value of the pasta has been substantiated. The authors consider it possible jointly using sesame seeds and oil flax in the production of “Tahini” sesame paste.
Frequency of TORCH infection among the donor population in the republican center for blood transfusion
Authors: Samatova L.D. , Saidov A.B. , Bobozhonova Sh.D. , Kuchkarova Kh.R.
Published: April 2023

In this study, we analyzed the frequency of TORCh infections (CMV, toxoplasmosis, rubella and herpes viruses) among donors at the Republican Blood Transfusion Center. This finding is useful for understanding the prevalence of TORCh infections among donors. Among donors, this study was conducted for the first time. To determine the presence of TORCH infection in the blood serum, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed, and specific IgG antibodies (immunoglobulin G) were determined in the blood serum. The presence of IgG antibodies (to a specific disease) indicates a long course of infection and the formation of immunity against it.
Genetic characteristics of the course of chronic hepatitis
Authors: Talipova Noila , Iriskulov Bakhtiyar , Azimova Sevara , Latipova Shakhnoza
Published: April 2023

The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of genotypic variants of TNF-α and CTLA-4 genes in patients with chronic hepatitis C and liver cirrhosis and their effect on the course of the disease. The analysis of the effect of TNF-α gene genotypes on the course of the disease indicates an increased risk of CVHC development with both moderate and highly active course of the disease in carriers of the G / A + A / A genotype combination. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the carriage of the “G” allele and the combination of genotypes A / G + G / G of the –A49G polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene are associated not only with a decrease in the risk of CVHC development, but also with a lower intensity of inflammation and fibro-formation in the liver and a high probability of favorable course of the disease.
Triticale potential model in the conditions of the Amur region
Authors: Muratov A. A. , Epifantsev V. V. , Tuaeva E. V.
Published: April 2023

The need for research is due to the growing demands of the region's animal husbandry in fodder grain. The goal is to establish the average and maximum values of the main economic indicators of triticale varieties in various zones of the region. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2016 on the fields of the zonal State Variety Testing Stations of the Amur Region. Soils are typical of zones. Meteorological conditions during the growing season of triticale are different. Triticale varieties were studied: Karmen St, Grebeshok, Rovnya, Ukro and Yarilo. Late-ripening varieties in all zones of the region form a high stem. Location of triticale varieties by grain threshing Karmen> Rovnya> Grebeshok and Yarilo> Ukro. The largest mass of 1000 grains - 53.6 g and a yield of 5.36 t/ha is formed by the Karmen variety in the south of the region. Yarilo gives the highest yield in the central zone, and Rovnya in the northern zone. The increase in yield of Yarilo and Rovnya varieties compared to the control ranged from 0.13 to 0.16 t/ha, or from 4.2 to 5.2%. The smallest significant difference in yield for varieties was 5.4–15.8%. In the central zone of the region, the Yarilo variety significantly exceeds the standard by 0.69 t/ha, or 28.3%, in the north, the Grebeshok and Ukro varieties are significantly inferior to the standard by 0.16 and 0.33 t/ha, or 5.6 and 11.5%. The genetic series of the yield potential of varieties in the area of Karmen> Yarilo> Rovnya>Grebeshok > Ukro. A model of factors determining the adaptive potential of triticale in the Amur region is proposed.
System and parameters of transport and management of an educational organization providing training for specialists in tourism
Authors: Logunova Natalya , Ternitskaya Svetlana , Novikova Elena , Tregulova Irina , Kalinkina Svetlana
Published: April 2023

The article presents the management system of a higher educational institution, which provides training for specialists in tourism. The system reflects the processes of functioning, creation and development of an educational organization as an object of management. The stages of planning the parameters of managed processes and their constituent management phases, including planning, accounting, control and regulation are given. The objective tree based on the management period is also presented. It has been proved that it is the tasks of planning and the quality of their solution that most affect the efficiency of the entire management system.
Clustering of agriculture in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Yunusov Iskandar , Sangirova Umida , Ahmedov Ulugbek , Fayziev Oybek , Kholiyorov Umirzok
Published: April 2023

Clusters are motivators of innovation. The urgency of the problems of creating clusters is the transition to an innovative type of development. The effective functioning of clusters will lead to economic growth and increase the competitiveness of the regional economy. For a long time, reforms were carried out in agriculture that changed the forms of ownership and the mechanism of management in agriculture. Agroclusters have become the best option for the effective development of agriculture in the Republic of Uzbekistan and beyond. The research topic was chosen by the authors due to its relevance in the modern world. This article analyzes the current state of agriculture in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the integration of agricultural clusters. In conclusion, proposals are made to improve and expand the horizons of clusters in agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Digitization of government contract
Authors: Kovtonuik Oleg
Published: April 2023

The digital development in the Russian Federation is to a large extent reflected in the specific relationship that emerges in the procurement procedure for State and municipal institutions as a result of the contractual system in the area of procurement. The term «procurement» refers to the acquisition of goods, construction or services; it is the process of determining the need of a solvent audience, identifying the supplier (its search and choice), as well as concluding and executing the terms of the contract, whether delivery of the goods, Performance of the work or services required by the terms of the contract. The article provides a brief overview of the process of digitization of the contract system in the procurement section and details the features of the digitization of the public contract, identifies the specific nature of the contract in the context of digitization and identifies its shortcomings, opportunities for the use of smart contract technologies in the conclusion and execution of government contract were considered. Keywords: digital, contract, government contract, smart contract, blockchain, Smart contract, contract system, automation, EIS (also a single information system), electronic information platform, electronic document management system, electronic signature, EPC, electronic document, portal, procurement of goods and services, procurement.
Risk modeling in the aviation industry as a factor of sustainable development
Authors: Markovskaya Elizaveta , Smolina Elena , Shola Ojo Kolawole , Merzlikin Igor , Pryadko Igor
Published: April 2023

Research by leading economists has revealed that risks in the aviation industry affect the forecasting models of regional sustainable development. The current study is devoted to the development of approaches to risk assessment on the example of European airlines. This problem has become very problematic after several recent financial crises, when airlines around the world were going through difficult times, and dozens of them had to go bankrupt, receive financial assistance from governments or find their salvation in mergers or acquisitions with larger players in the market with the support of governments. Since the beginning of the pandemic, airlines around the world have faced many more serious problems that have forced them to stop most of their passenger flights due to restrictions aimed at reducing the incidence. Unlike other financial crises, the pandemic faces the most serious problem of uncertainty, since it is difficult to predict how the virus will behave and when it will stop. This study is aimed at developing approaches that can help identify and predict possible airline risks and establish regulatory values of significant indicators for this industry in Europe.
The composition of monounsaturated fatty acids of artemia enriched with biologically active substances
Authors: Romanova Elena , Shlenkina Tatyana , Romanov Vasily , Fazilov Elyor , Lyubomirova Vaselina , Turaeva Elena , Sveshnikova Elena
Published: April 2023

The work is devoted to the study of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content in artemia enriched with biologically active substances at different stages of ontogenesis. Artemia cysts are used in the preparation of dietary supplements, highly effective feed additives for farm animals, fertilizers for crop production, chitosan for pharmaceutical industry and cosmetology, as raw materials in many other fields. When growing fish, crustaceans, shellfish in aquaculture, artemia nauplii are used as live starter feeds, which are obtained in situ when cultivating artemia cysts. Recently, the direction of enrichment of artemia nauplia used for feeding fish larvae and fry with biologically active substances has begun to develop: vitamins, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, probiotics. In our work, we used a feed additive for the enrichment of artemia nauplia, including: vitamin-amino acid complex – «Chiktonic», probiotic – «Vetom-1», adaptogen – «Trekrezan», hemp oil. Enrichment was carried out through the skin at the stage of early nauplia. The aim of the work was to study the composition of MUFA at different stages of ontogenesis in intact artemia and artemia enriched with biologically active substances. The main function of MUFA is to activate metabolic processes and maintain homeostasis. When identifying monounsaturated fatty acids of artemia, the race we studied, the following were identified: oleic, palmitoleic, eicosenic, elaidic, erucic, nervonic, myristoleic acids. Oleic, palmitoleic and eicosenic fatty acids played a dominant role in the structure of MUFA. Two fatty acids, erucic and elaidic, can be distinguished in the composition of MUFA, the content of which was minimal.
Experimental and mathematical modelling of grain material velocity
Authors: Kipriyanov Fedor , Savinykh Petr , Aleshkin Alexei , Isupov Alexei
Published: April 2023

The present article represents the next stage in the cycle of work on the research of vibrating motion of grain material. This paper contains the experimental results of the operation of a vibrating conveying machine. The investigation was carried out in three stages. The purpose of the first full-factor experiment with four varying factors was to identify factors having the least impact on the time of movement of grain material. As a result, it was found that the angle of vibration direction that has an impact on the amplitude has almost no effect on the velocity of the grain material. In the second phase of experiment carried out with three varying factors at fixed angle of vibration direction, the equation of mathematical model of time of passage of the control area has been obtained. Moreover, on the basis of previous studies, the angle of vibration direction was fixed at the position which has the greatest influence on the vibration amplitude. The third stage of the experiment was to evaluate applicability of the obtained model equation to describe movement of other grain crops with ellipsoidal grain shape. Verification of the obtained model for adequacy using Fisher's criterion showed that with 95% probability the obtained equation can be used for estimation of movement of grain material having ellipsoidal shape on vibrating surface.
Structural theory as a research language for open complex systems, including social ones
Authors: Brodsky Yury
Published: April 2023

The application of structural theory allows to see the same universal construction, called a “model,” applicable to a broad class of modeling areas. Everything in the world is a model in this theory: an agent, a complex of agents, and a complex of complexes. We can say that the widely known formula: “One in all and all in One” is true in this area, as well as the well-known aphorism of H. Poincare: “Mathematics is the art of calling different things by the same name.” The application of geometric theory is the consideration of morphisms of base sets and the assigning invariants that allow a complex system to remain under such morphisms. The proposed language for the complex systems behavior makes it possible to draw several interesting conclusions about the nature of complex open systems, simply due to its means of distinguishing entities. A complex system must sacrifice a part of its power (the most expensive and liquid that it has) to preserve its laws of life (maintain its structure and set of axioms). Otherwise, it will not be able to remain itself. It is interesting to remember that many religions teach that this world stands on the sacrifice.
Intelligent self calibration tool for adaptive few-mode fiber multiplexers using multiplane light conversion
Authors: Pohle Dennis , Barbosa Fabio A. , Ferreira Filipe M. , Czarske Jürgen , Rothe Stefan
Published: April 2023

Space division multiplexing (SDM) is promising to enhance capacity limits of optical networks. Among implementation options, few-mode fibres (FMFs) offer high efficiency gains in terms of integratability and throughput per volume. However, to achieve low insertion loss and low crosstalk, the beam launching should match the fiber modes precisely. We propose an all-optical data-driven technique based on multiplane light conversion (MPLC) and neural networks (NNs). By using a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM), spatially separated input beams are transformed independently to coaxial output modes. Compared to conventional offline calculation of SLM phase masks, we employ an intelligent two-stage approach that considers knowledge of the experimental environment significantly reducing misalignment. First, a single-layer NN called Model-NN learns the beam propagation through the setup and provides a digital twin of the apparatus. Second, another single-layer NN called Actor-NN controls the model. As a result, SLM phase masks are predicted and employed in the experiment to shape an input beam to a target output. We show results on a single-passage configuration with intensity-only shaping. We achieve a correlation between experiment and network prediction of 0.65. Using programmable optical elements, our method allows the implementation of aberration correction and distortion compensation techniques, which enables secure high-capacity long-reach FMF-based communication systems by adaptive mode multiplexing devices.
Validierung des deutschsprachigen Menière’s Disease Patient-Oriented Symptom Severity Index
Authors: Plath Michaela , Sand Matthias , Appel Maximilian , Euteneuer Sara , Praetorius Mark , Baumann Ingo , Zaoui Karim
Published: April 2023

Hintergrund Der Menière’s Disease Patient-Oriented Symptom
Severity Index (MD POSI), Version 2, ist ein krankheitsspezifischer Fragebogen zur Erhebung
der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Morbus Menière (MM).

Ziel der Arbeit Validierung und Reliabilitätsprüfung der
deutschen Übersetzung des MD POSI.

Material und Methoden Prospektive Datenanalyse eines an Schwindel
erkrankten Patientenkollektivs (n=162), welches im Zeitraum von 2005–2019 in der Hals-, Nasen-
und Ohrenklinik eines Universitätsklinikums behandelt wurde. Es erfolgte eine klinische
Selektion gemäß der neuen Bárány-Klassifikation in einen „definitiven“ und „wahrscheinlichen“
Morbus Menière. Die Lebensqualität wurde mittels der deutschen Übersetzung des MD POSI, der
Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS) und der Short Form-36 (SF-36) untersucht. Die Reliabilität wurde
mittels Cronbachs α und Test-Retesting nach 12 Monaten und erneut 14 Tage später überprüft. Es
wurde die Inhalts- und Übereinstimmungsvalidität untersucht.

Ergebnisse Cronbach-α-Werte über 0,9 wiesen auf eine gute interne
Konsistenz hin. Es gab keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied von Baseline bis 12
Monate, mit Ausnahme des Subscores, der die Beschwerden während der Attacke misst. Es zeigten
sich signifikant positive Korrelationen zwischen dem VSS-Gesamt/VER/AA und dem Gesamtindex des
MD POSI und negativ signifikante Korrelationen mit den SF-36-Domänen körperliche
Funktionsfähigkeit, körperliche Rollenfunktion, soziale Funktionsfähigkeit, emotionale
Rollenfunktion und psychisches Wohlbefinden. Zusätzlich ergaben sich geringe SRM (standardized
response mean) -Werte unter 0,5.

Schlussfolgerung Die deutsche Übersetzung des MD POSI ist ein
valides und zuverlässiges Instrument, um den Einfluss von MM auf die krankheitsbezogene
Lebensqualität von Patienten zu beurteilen.
Artificial Intelligence in Quantitative Chest Imaging Analysis for Occupational Lung Disease
Authors: Suganuma Narufumi , Yoshida Shinichi , Takeuchi Yuma , Nomura Yoshua K. , Suzuki Kazuhiro
Published: April 2023

Occupational lung disease manifests complex radiologic findings which have long been a challenge for computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD). This journey started in the 1970s when texture analysis was developed and applied to diffuse lung disease. Pneumoconiosis appears on radiography as a combination of small opacities, large opacities, and pleural shadows. The International Labor Organization International Classification of Radiograph of Pneumoconioses has been the main tool used to describe pneumoconioses and is an ideal system that can be adapted for CAD using artificial intelligence (AI). AI includes machine learning which utilizes deep learning or an artificial neural network. This in turn includes a convolutional neural network. The tasks of CAD are systematically described as classification, detection, and segmentation of the target lesions. Alex-net, VGG16, and U-Net are among the most common algorithms used in the development of systems for the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease, including occupational lung disease. We describe the long journey in the pursuit of CAD of pneumoconioses including our recent proposal of a new expert system.
Terminal Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation in a PICU
Authors: Baird J. Scott , Piracha Natasha Z. , Lindeman Max E.
Published: April 2023

Data regarding a terminal withdrawal of mechanical ventilation (TWMV) in pediatric patients, in particular the time to death, would be helpful to family and hospital staff. This retrospective case series will review the TWMV in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients at our hospital between 2015 and 2020. There were 222 PICU deaths and 53 of these patients died following a TWMV. The time to death was <1 hour in 37 patients, from 1 to 24 hours in 12 patients, and >24 hours in 4 patients. Neither age nor the duration of mechanical ventilation prior to TWMV was associated with time to death. TWMV was complicated by concurrent withdrawal of cardiac support devices in 9 patients and by a recent cardiac arrest in 3 patients (1 of whom also had a cardiac support device withdrawal), and the time to death for these 11 patients was less than 1 hour (p = 0.01 vs. all others). The time to death for those without concurrent withdrawal of cardiac support devices or recent cardiac arrest was shorter in those with a higher fraction of inspired oxygen but was not associated with positive end expiratory pressure. Time to death following a TWMV was less than a day in more than 90% of our patients and was not associated with patient age or the duration of mechanical ventilation. However, in patients without a recent cardiac arrest or concurrent withdrawal of cardiac support devices, nearly 1 in 10 survived a TWMV for more than a day, while those with a recent cardiac arrest or concurrent withdrawal of cardiac support devices survived for less than an hour.
Clinicopathological, Immunological, and Laboratory Parameters of Childhood Lupus Nephritis: A Study from Northeast India
Authors: Das Jonali , Kalita Pranjal , Dey Biswajit , Raphael Vandana , Mishra Jaya , Khonglah Yookarin , Marbaniang Evarisalin , Handique Gauranga , Saurabh Animesh
Published: April 2023

Background Lupus nephrtis in children is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ranges from 3.3 to 8.8/100000 children with a higher Asian preponderance. The predominance of SLE in female pediatric patients increases gradually with age to the values observed in adults.

Objectives To assess the clinical, immunological, and histopathological spectrum of childhood lupus nephritis in northeast India and explore the relationship between clinical, biochemical, serological, and histopathological findings.

Materials and Methods A retrospective descriptive study was performed over 8 years. Histopathology slides were reviewed by two pathologists, whereas other details were collected from patients' records.

Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was based on the chi-square test and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Fifty-three cases of lupus nephritis were included in the study. The patients' age ranged from 5 to 18 years with a mean age of 14.5 years and a female: male ratio of 6.5:1. Edema and hypertension were the commonest clinical presentations, whereas proteinuria was the commonest presenting laboratory parameter. Amongst all the immunological markers, dsDNA was the commonest. Histopathologically, predominantly study population belonged to class IV lupus nephritis. The patients with class IV showed a statistically significant correlation with proteinuria and hematuria at the time of diagnosis. Immunological markers, namely, ANA and anti-ds-DNA positivity were significantly associated with advanced renal histopathology.

Conclusion cSLE in northeast India presents mostly as Class IV LN presenting mostly with deranged laboratory parameters and preponderance of various immunological markers and clinical presentations.
Clinical Experience from a Single Tertiary Care Center: Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus with Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia—Wolcott–Rallison's Syndrome
Authors: J. Shantala , Upadhyay Zalak , N. Vani H. , Sathyanarayana Santhosh Olety , Palany Raghupathy , J. Shruthi
Published: April 2023

Wolcott–Rallison's syndrome (WRS) is a rare nonautoimmune autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neonatal diabetes mellitus, epiphyseal dysplasia, and growth retardation. This is the most common cause of diabetes mellitus in patients with consanguineous parents. WRS is distinguished from other types of neonatal or early-onset diabetes by clinical characteristics and genetic testing. Here, we report four cases of WRS from South India. All four children reported here were born to consanguineous parents and were diagnosed with neonatal diabetes and skeletal dysplasia. Case 1 is a 13-year-old girl with neonatal diabetes and skeletal dysplasia. Case 2 is a 6-month-old male infant who also has primary hypothyroidism. Case 3 was a girl who lived until the age of 4 years before succumbing to liver failure. Case 4 is an 8-month-old female infant born to a third-degree married couple who presented with neonatal diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. Genetic testing revealed that she had WRS, which helps us in the anticipation and early treatment of complications.
Higher Dosage of Acetaminophen Associated with Lower Risk of Acute Kidney Injury after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Nater Melissa , Wong Joshua , Ikeda Nobuyuki , Heenan Brian , Loomba Rohit S. , Penk Jamie
Published: April 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) after pediatric cardiac surgery is manifested by injury along multiple pathways. One of these is oxidative injury related to hemolysis and subsequent deposition of hemoglobin in the kidney. Acetaminophen inhibits hemoprotein-catalyzed lipid peroxidation associated with hemolysis and in turn, may attenuate renal injury. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery. A randomized controlled trial previously performed dictated a regimented, high dosage, acetaminophen. A historical cohort who received ad hoc acetaminophen prior to that study and that met the same inclusion/exclusion criteria were also analyzed, as patients from that era were likely to have less acetaminophen administered. The patients were divided into those who developed AKI and those who did not and those groups were compared by total acetaminophen dose. Important inclusion criteria included age 3 months to 4 years who underwent cardiac surgery via midline sternotomy and were extubated within 3 hours of admission. Patients with preexisting or chronic kidney disease were excluded. A total of 181 patients were included. Of these, 69 (38%) developed AKI. There were no significant pre- or intraoperative risk differences in characteristics between those who developed AKI and those who did not. Acetaminophen dose did significantly differ between those who developed AKI and those who did not with lower acetaminophen dose in the AKI group (30 vs. 50 mg/kg, p-value = 0.01). A multivariate analysis was performed which found that higher acetaminophen dosage and lower immediate postoperative hemoglobin were independently associated with a lower risk of AKI. AKI occurs in ∼38% after pediatric cardiac surgery. Most often this is stage 1 AKI and resolves after a day. After adjusting for other covariables, higher acetaminophen dose may be associated with lower risk of AKI. This does not prove that acetaminophen given prospectively will reduce AKI. Further studies are needed.
IXPE detection of polarized X-rays from magnetars and photon mode conversion at QED vacuum resonance
Authors: Lai Dong
Published: April 2023

The recent observations of the anomalous X-ray pulsars 4U 0142+61 and 1RXS J170849.0-400910 by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) opened up a new avenue to study magnetars, neutron stars endowed with superstrong magnetic fields (
B
 ≳ 10
14
G). The detected polarized X-rays from 4U 0142+61 exhibit a 90° linear polarization swing from low photon energies (
E
 ≲ 4 keV) to high energies (
E
 ≳ 5.5 keV). We show that this swing can be explained by photon polarization mode conversion at the vacuum resonance in the magnetar atmosphere; the resonance arises from the combined effects of plasma-induced birefringence and Quantum electrodynamics (QED)-induced vacuum birefringence in strong magnetic fields. This explanation suggests that the atmosphere of 4U 0142 is composed of partially ionized heavy elements and that the surface magnetic field is comparable to or less than 10
14
G, consistent with the dipole field inferred from the measured spindown. It also implies that the spin axis of 4U 0142+61 is aligned with its velocity direction. The polarized X-rays from 1RXS J170849.0-400910 do not show such 90° swing, consistent with magnetar atmospheric emission with
B
 ≳ 5 × 10
14
G.
Neurophysiological evidence for the first mention effect during pronominal reference resolution in German Sign Language
Authors: Wienholz Anne , Nuhbalaoglu-Ayan Derya , Mani Nivedita , Herrmann Annika , Onea Edgar , Steinbach Markus
Published: April 2023

Anaphoric pronoun resolution in spoken language has been shown to be influenced by the first mention bias. While this bias has been well investigated in spoken languages, less is known about a similar bias in sign languages. In sign languages, pronominal pointing signs (index) are directed towards referential locations in the signing space typically associated with discourse referents. In German Sign Language (DGS), signers follow an ipsi-contralateral default pattern while tracking referents, i.e., the first referent is associated with the ipsilateral and the second referent with the contralateral area of the signing space. Hence, directing a pronoun to either the ipsi- or the contralateral side of the signing space refers to either the first or the second discourse referent. The present event-related potential study reanalyzes the data fromWienholz et al. (2018)and examines the first mention effect during pronoun resolution in ambiguous contexts in DGS. The original study presented participants with sentence sets containing two referents without overt localization in the first and a sentence-initial pronominalindexsign in the second sentence directed to either the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the signing space. Based on the direction of theindexsign, our analysis reveals an N400 for contralateralindexsigns suggesting increased processing costs triggered by a violation of the first mention effect. Thus, the current study provides first experimental evidence for a first mention effect in DGS and highlights the modality-independent nature of this effect.
Highlighting gaps in puppy research using Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development
Authors: Costa Ana Goncalves , Nielsen Torben , Christley Robert , Hazel Susan
Published: April 2023

The use of an ecological model in puppy development research can help to capture the real-world complexity of development factors and outcomes. Using a modified version of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, we explored the real-world experiences of 20 Australian adults who had acquired and were subsequently raising a puppy in their home for companionship purposes. Our participants’ experiences offered insights into several gaps in the current literature and potential opportunities for future research. These insights included: (1) researchers should be wary of viewing a puppy’s household as uniform, or static. Each individual within a household provides unique interactions and development opportunities and therefore cannot be a reliable representative of the household at large; (2) knowledge is unlikely to be uni-directional, or deriving from only a single source, even in environments such as puppy classes. How knowledge is transferred, trusted, interpreted, and applied is likely affected by the individual’s own ecological system (such as biases), as well as the characteristics of the relationship between the individuals involved; and (3) puppies both are affected by, and have an effect on, those around them. The arrival of a puppy into a household is likely to change the existing dynamics of that household. These changes may be positive or negative in nature, or both simultaneously. Further research into these findings may help researchers better understand the complex nature of puppy development.
Heating in multi-layer targets at ultra-high intensity laser irradiation and the impact of density oscillation
Authors: Paschke-Bruehl F , Banjafar M , Garten M , Huang L G , Marré B E , Nakatsutsumi M , Randolph L , Cowan T E , Schramm U , Kluge T
Published: April 2023

We present a computational study of isochoric heating in multi-layered (ML) targets at ultra-high intensity laser irradiation (

∼

10

20

W
c
m

−
2

). Previous studies have shown enhanced ion heating at interfaces, but at the cost of large temperature gradients. Here, we study ML targets to spread this enhanced interface heating to the entirety of the target and find heating parameters at which the temperature distribution is more homogeneous than at a single interface while still exceeding the mean temperature of a non-layered target. Further, we identify a limiting process of pressure oscillations that causes the layers to alternate between expanding and being compressed and leads to lower ion temperatures. Based on that, we derive an analytical model estimating the oscillation period to find target conditions that optimize heating and temperature homogeneity. This model can also be used to infer the electron energy from the oscillation period which can be measured e.g. by XFEL probing.
Evaluating thermal expansion in fluorides and oxides: Machine learning predictions with connectivity descriptors
Authors: Zhang Yilin , Mu Huimin , Cai Yuxin , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhou Kun , Tian Fuyu , Fu Yuhao , Zhang Lijun
Published: April 2023

Open framework structures (e.g., ScF3, Sc2W3O12, etc.) exhibit significant potential for thermal expansion tailoring owing to their high atomic vibrational degrees of freedom and diverse connectivity between polyhedral units, displaying positive/negative thermal expansion (PTE/NTE) coefficients at a certain temperature. Despite the proposal of several physical mechanisms to explain the origin of NTE, an accurate mapping relationship between the structural–compositional properties and thermal expansion behavior is still lacking. This deficiency impedes the rapid evaluation of thermal expansion properties and hinders the design and development of such materials. We developed an algorithm for identifying and characterizing the connection patterns of structural units in open-framework structures and constructed a descriptor set for the thermal expansion properties of this system, which is composed of connectivity and elemental information. Our developed descriptor, aided by machine learning (ML) algorithms, can effectively learn the thermal expansion behavior in small sample datasets collected from literature-reported experimental data (246 samples). The trained model can accurately distinguish the thermal expansion behavior (PTE/NTE), achieving an accuracy of 92%. Additionally, our model predicted six new thermodynamically stable NTE materials, which were validated through first-principles calculations. Our results demonstrate that developing effective descriptors closely related to thermal expansion properties enables ML models to make accurate predictions even on small sample datasets, providing a new perspective for understanding the relationship between connectivity and thermal expansion properties in the open framework structure. The datasets that were used to support these results are available on Science Data Bank, accessible via the link https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00100.
Neutron yield scaling law in laser-cluster fusion experiments
Authors: Won Junho , Song Jaehyun , Lee Seongmin , Song Chiwan , Bang Woosuk
Published: April 2023

We present a scaling law (

Y
∼

E
β

) of fusion neutron yields (Y) for laser pulse energy (E) in laser-cluster fusion experiments. We compare the available neutron yield data from previous deuterium cluster fusion experiments with those calculated using the cylindrical fusion plasma model. The calculated neutron yields are shown as functions of the incident laser pulse energy, average number density, and ion temperature. Although the deuterium–deuterium fusion reactivity is known to increase rapidly with ion temperature, the neutron yield shows a modest increase above ∼10 keV for a given laser pulse energy. We find the scaling exponent β approaching 1.0 as the ion temperature increases from 1 keV to 100 keV. We explain the observed temperature dependence of β by examining the temperature dependence of the beam–beam and beam–target fusion neutron yields separately. Our scaling law differs from previously reported scaling laws from individual experiments, but it shows an excellent agreement with the scaling law determined by the maximum neutron yields of individual experiments.
Recoil Proton Telescopes and Parallel Plate Avalanche Counters for the 235U(n,f) cross section measurement relative to H(n,n)H between 10 and 450 MeV neutron energy
Authors: Manna A. , Pirovano E. , Aberle O. , Amaducci S. , Barbagallo M. , Castelluccio D.M. , Colonna N. , Console Camprini P. , Cosentino L. , Dietz M. , Ducasse Q. , Finocchiaro P. , Le Naour C. , Lo Meo S. , Mastromarco M. , Massimi C. , Mengoni A. , Milazzo P.M. , Mingrone F. , Nolte R. , Piscopo M. , Radeck D. , Spelta M. , Tassan-Got L. , Terranova N. , Vannini G.
Published: April 2023

With the aim of measuring the 235U(n,f) cross section at the n_TOF facility at CERN
over a wide neutron energy range, a detection system consisting of two fission detectors and three
detectors for neutron flux determination was realized. The neutron flux detectors are Recoil
Proton Telescopes (RPTs), based on scintillators and solid state detectors, conceived to detect
recoil protons from the neutron-proton elastic scattering reaction. This system, along with a
fission chamber and an array of parallel plate avalanche counters for fission event detection, was
installed for the measurement at the n_TOF facility in 2018, at CERN.

An overview of the performances of two RPTs — especially developed for this measurement — and of the
parallel plate avalanche counters are described in this article. In particular, the characterization
in terms of detection efficiency by Monte Carlo simulations and response to neutron beam, the study
of the background, dead time correction and characterization of the samples, are reported. The
results of the present investigation show that the performances of these detectors are suitable for
accurate measurements of fission reaction cross sections in the range from 10 to 450 MeV.
Beam tests of a beam position monitor for ISOL operation
Authors: Kim Jongwon
Published: April 2023

A beam position monitor (BPM) is built and tested to monitor
the stability of high intensity proton beams accelerated by a
70 MeV cyclotron for ISOL operation in the aspects of beam position
and current. The prototype BPM has four pick-up electrodes with a
length of 19 cm and uses Libera Spark™ to process
signals. It was firstly tested using a moving wire method to
calibrate beam positions and further tested when installed in the
beam line together with a beam profile monitor during beam
commissioning of the cyclotron. The prototype system produced
well-defined signals for two transverse directions with a resolution
of 0.1 mm and for beam intensity up to 600 μA. A beam-stop
signal can be issued by the readout program for the Spark when beam
instabilities evaluated by the program reach certain limits set for
each operation. The non-destructive BPM monitoring of high-current
beams will be integrated into the safety PLC after a series of ISOL
operation are carried out.
Land cover change effects from community forest management in Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Ordóñez Pablo J , Baylis Kathy , Ramírez M Isabel
Published: April 2023

More than half of Mexico’s forests and about a third of the forests of the world are communally owned. Despite this, community forest management (CFM) is the least studied forest management policy, and existing studies have focused on the effects of CFM on deforestation. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of CFM on land cover more broadly, to understand how CFM affects a community’s land use decisions. Mexico’s forestry administration mandates that to legally sell timber, communities must adopt forest management plans designed by a certified forester. In this study, we use differential access to foresters to identify the effect of community management on land cover and deforestation. We find that over time communities that adopt management plans see relatively more primary forest, a limited expansion of the agricultural frontier, and a decrease in deforestation. The decrease in deforestation is economically significant since the economic benefits from the avoided CO2 emissions alone could far outweigh the costs of adopting the management plans.
Mystery of the Alhambra’s purple gold solved at last
Authors: Dacey James
Published: April 2023

Researchers at the University of Granada may have worked out why sections of the gold decorations at the Alhambra palace and fortress are turning purple.
Flowing liquid ‘chains’ best described by Niels Bohr, not Lord Rayleigh
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: April 2023

Researchers have worked out why water poured from a bottle will often adopt a chainlike structure, offering potential insights into applications including inkjet printing and metallurgy.
Laser pioneer Murnane bags IOP prize
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: April 2023

The optical physicist Margaret Murnane has won the 2022 Isaac Newton Medal and Prize for pioneering work in the development of ultrafast lasers and coherent X-ray sources.
No grounds for concern
Authors: Dieudonne Yannik
Published: April 2023

A response to a letter by Phil Harley, who expressed concern about photovoltaic energy possibly altering the Earth’s “surface albedo” – the balance between received energy from the Sun and what’s lost to space.
At the brink
Authors: Dacey James
Published: April 2023

Climate change is no longer a distant threat but is already making us face perilous “tipping points” that could alter our daily lives forever. James Dacey finds out how new research into human-climate systems could help us to avert disaster.
Humane solutions for human survival
Authors: Gardner Kate
Published: April 2023

Kate Gardner reviews Nomad Century by Gaia Vince.
Biology becomes physics
Authors: Minion Louis
Published: April 2023

Louis Minion reviews Nano Comes to Life by Sonia Contera.
Emergent complex quantum networks in continuous-variables non-Gaussian states
Authors: Walschaers Mattia , Sundar Bhuvanesh , Treps Nicolas , Carr Lincoln D , Parigi Valentina
Published: April 2023

We use complex network theory to study a class of photonic continuous variable quantum states that present both multipartite entanglement and non-Gaussian statistics. We consider the intermediate scale of several dozens of modes at which such systems are already hard to characterize. In particular, the states are built from an initial imprinted cluster state created via Gaussian entangling operations according to a complex network structure. We then engender non-Gaussian statistics via multiple photon subtraction operations acting on a single node. We replicate in the quantum regime some of the models that mimic real-world complex networks in order to test their structural properties under local operations. We go beyond the already known single-mode effects, by studying the emergent network of photon-number correlations via complex networks measures. We analytically prove that the imprinted network structure defines a vicinity of nodes, at a distance of four steps from the photon-subtracted node, in which the emergent network changes due to photon subtraction. We show numerically that the emergent structure is greatly influenced by the structure of the imprinted network. Indeed, while the mean and the variance of the degree and clustering distribution of the emergent network always increase, the higher moments of the distributions are governed by the specific structure of the imprinted network. Finally, we show that the behaviour of nearest neighbours of the subtraction node depends on how they are connected to each other in the imprinted structure.