bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategy Building through Keeping English Learning Journals
Authors: Yang Pei-Ling
Published: December 2018

The present study aims to investigate the effect of English learning journal on strategy building. Learning strategiesare proved and claimed by many researchers that it has a close association with good language learners. However,there is little research on building learning strategies through keeping a weekly journal. The participants, in the study,were 33 EFL Taiwan college students, taking English for Socializing as an optional course for one semester. Duringthe semester, they were required to keep a weekly learning journal related to their English learning (in-class and afterclass) and to send it to the instructor-researcher via the Moodle. The Moodle, in the study, serves as the function ofdiaries, providing an instant and convenient way of sending and saving information. The study’s instrument,Oxford’s Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL), is applied to examine whether or not there is anysignificant difference of the learners’ strategy use before and after the study. For the purpose of finding out whetheror not there are significant differences in the numbers of employing language learning strategies, a series ofquantitative tests are carried out. Besides the quantitative results of SILL, a semi-structured post-interview is alsoadministered to unfold more about the English learning journal and strategy use from the perspectives of the learners.The findings of the study could shed light on language learning, especially on strategy building.
Needs Analysis on Developing EFL Paragraph Writing Materials at Kalimantan L2 learners
Authors: Sabarun .
Published: December 2018

This study attempts to explore the target needs and the learning needs. This research was conducted at the second semester English department students of Palangka Raya State Islamic Institute of 2017/ 2018 academic years. The respondent was 20 EFL paragraph writing learners. The research findings were as follows: (a) in terms of the target language needs, it revealed that majority of learners (45%) were studying Paragraph Writing course; (b) it was found that majority of the respondents (50%) stated that the skills to develop through the paragraph writing course was the understanding the paragraph development; (c) it was found that majority of respondents said that grammar (45%) and mind mapping (40%) was the students’ difficulty in writing paragraph; (d) in terms of learning style, the learners preferred to get assistance from Internet than other sources, and they preferred to self-learning in the classroom activities. In terms of the learners’ appropriate teaching methods it was found that (a) Internet was preferred dominantly by the respondents (75%) as source to be included as instructional materials; (b) the source of corrective feedback preferred mostly by the respondents (80%) was teacher feedback. Therefore, it is recommended that internet-based materials are preferred for developing EFL writing materials. The materials should be made excellent integration of resources available on the web.
The Meaning and Practice of Professionalism of EFL Teachers in the Saudi Context
Authors: Mansory Mazin
Published: December 2018

During the Preparatory Year Program (PYP) year, the English Language Institute (ELI) concentrates on raising the level of English of new students so that they are able to adequately cope with studying in their desired department in the following years. Such a drastic change in the institution’s goals has led to some changes in the professional development programme in order to handle these new changes. For the first part of this research study, a review of the past and current research studies on professional development and professional identity issues will be presented. The second part of this paper will report on a small-based inquiry conducted with four (two male and two female) ELI teachers aiming to explore two important and related issues. First, there is the issue concerning the role of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in planning and structuring the professional development programmes offered by the ELI, while the second looks to examine the professional identity of the teachers as sensed by the teachers themselves. In the third and final section, a reflection on how this inquiry can lead to the awareness of the teachers’ role (male and female) in training and professional development programmes as well as professional identity perceived by the teachers, which ultimately, should lead to a much deeper interpretation of the status of the English language teacher profession.
Embryonic Development of Curimba (Prochilodus Lineatus) Submitted to Soluble Biodiesel Fractions
Authors: Oliveira Denio G. S. de , Murgas Luis D. S. , Paula Daniella A. J.
Published: December 2018

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different soluble biodiesel fraction (SBF) concentrations from burnt soy oil on the embryonic development of curimba (Prochilodus lineatus). The embryos were obtained from semi-natural spawning, collected and transferred to an experimental nursery, in duplicate, under constant aeration, containing different SBF concentrations: treatment I (control), treatment II (0.0645 g.L-1), treatment III (0.129 g.L-1), treatment IV (0.645 g.L-1), treatment V (1.29 g.L-1) and treatment VI (6.45 g.L-1). Mean water quality variables were temperature 23.0 ± 0.1°C, dissolved oxygen 4.58 ± 0.34 mg/L and pH 7.3 ± 0.1. Fish fertilization rates ranged from 50.88 to 81.61%, undergoing alterations beginning at treatment IV (p<0.05). From the tenth hour post-fertilization, delays in embryonic development were observed in relation to the control treatment. Hatching rates ranged from 7.56 to 46.26%, with all groups statistically differing from group I (controls). It is concluded that the different soluble biodiesel fractions interfere in curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) embryonic development.
Physiology and Behaviour of Ixodes Scapularis Infected with Bartonella spp. in Nova Scotia
Authors: Carey Khadijah , Nabbout Amal El , Macnutt-Burrows Emma , Rooney Matthew , Mitton Mandy , Kho James , Shakhzodov Aziz , Piche Jacinthe , Rossolimo Tatiana
Published: December 2018

Bartonella is a genus of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that primarily parasitizes mammalian hosts and is understood to be the causative agent for a number of illnesses that affects humans and their companion animals. In Nova Scotia, Ixodes scapularis (Say) is the primary vector of Bartonella spp. Recent studies suggest that the presence of bacterial agents may influence the physiology and behaviour of these Ixodes ticks. Following in this research, the goal of the current study was to determine potential changes in physiology and behaviour in I. scapularis infected with Bartonella spp. For this purpose, I. scapularis ticks were collected in Nova Scotia and subjected to tests to determine temperature preference and supercooling point (SCP), followed by DNA extraction, PCR, and gel electrophoresis in order to detect the presence of the Bartonella spp. in the collected samples. 45.5% of the experimental population was determined to be infected with Bartonella spp., with males infected at a rate of 48.7% and females at a rate of 42.3%. Infected females demonstrated a preference for a lower average temperature (23.85°C ±2.41) than uninfected females (26.47°C ±2.90), however confidence intervals based on standard deviation around the mean suggests that this difference is not significant. No other significant difference was determined between the infected and uninfected populations. We therefore conclude that Bartonella spp. infection does not affect the behaviour or physiology of I. scapularis.
Empirical Likelihood Inference for Partial Functional Linear Regression Models Based on B-spline
Authors: Yuan Mingao , Zhang Yue
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we apply empirical likelihood method to infer for the regression parameters in the partial functional linear regression models based on B-spline. We prove that the empirical log-likelihood ratio for the regression parameters converges in law to a weighted sum of independent chi-square distributions. Our simulation shows that the proposed empirical likelihood method produces more accurate confidence regions in terms of coverage probability than the asymptotic normality method.
Examples of Solvable Lie Foliation
Authors: Ndiaye Ameth
Published: December 2018

We give here some examples of solvable Lie foliation with some interesting properties on compact manifolds. Every manifold in this paper is compact and our Lie group is simply connected.
Design and applications of miniaturized, portable LED based colorimeter
Authors: Drevinskas Tomas , Maruška Audrius , Gladkauskas Eimantas , Telksnys Laimutis , Girdauskas Valdas , Gorbatsova Jelena , Kaljurand Mihkel , Ragažinskienė Ona
Published: December 2018

Portable and autonomous analytical instrumentation is becoming more important. Portable instrumentation can be designed via the miniaturization approach and this is a challenging task due to: (i) the limited battery power supply, (ii) a low number of mechanical and moving parts allowed in the design and (iii) susceptibility to changing environment and temperature fluctuations. In this work we describe the design of a light emitting diode (LED) based 3D printed miniaturized colorimeter (dimensions: 5 cm × 4 cm × 4.5 cm (length, width, height), weight less than 56 g). The colorimeter was optimized for determination of the total phenolic compound content, the total flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity. The designed instrument provides comparable results to those of a conventional desktop spectrophotometer existing on the market. The designed LED based miniaturized colorimeter has wireless communication capability. This work demonstrates that this instrument can be applied investigating real samples.
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy probing of formation of self-assembled monolayers from thiols with terminal phenylalanine ring and intrachain amide groups
Authors: Špandyreva Marija , Ignatjev Ilja , Matulaitienė Ieva , Kuodis Zenonas , Niaura Gediminas
Published: December 2018

Formation of a self-assembled monolayer onto the polycrystalline gold substrate from thiols containing a terminal phenylalanine (Phe) ring and intrachain amide groups (HS-(CH2)7-CONH-(CH2)2-C6H5) was characterized by vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. The temporal evolution of the characteristic Phe ring stretching vibration ν(=C–H) near 3069 cm–1 and the Amide A mode were monitored by nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy. The SFG data revealed the complete ordering of the terminal Phe rings after about 60 min of adsorption. Formation of a strong hydrogen bonding between the adjacent chains of adsorbed molecules was evident by appearance of the Amide A mode at the relative low frequency (3280–3308 cm–1). The well-ordered and strongly hydrogen bonded SAM with the terminal Phe ring functionality is a promising platform for the analysis of interactions and the function of aromatic rings in biomolecular processes.
Investigation of the chemical composition of red pigments and binding media
Authors: Čiuladienė Aušra , Luckutė Austėja , Kiuberis Jonas , Kareiva Aivaras
Published: December 2018

This study presents the results of investigation of red pigments and binding media used in ancient manuscripts for rubrication and illumination. The commercial compounds were analysed with the aim to create a short data library which could be used for the characterization of different model compositions of red pigments and dyes. Finally, these analytical data will be used for the identification of specimens obtained from ancient manuscripts. The red pigments and binding media were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thermal (TG/DSC) analysis techniques.
Enzymatic single-electron reduction and aerobic cytotoxicity of tirapazamine and its 1-oxide and nor-oxide metabolites
Authors: Šarlauskas Jonas , Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė Aušra , Marozienė Audronė , Misevičienė Lina , Lesanavičius Mindaugas , Čėnas Narimantas
Published: December 2018

Aerobic cytotoxicity of 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4-dioxide (tirapazamine, TPZ), a bioreductively activated hypoxia-specific anticancer agent, is responsible for TPZ side effects in chemotherapy. In order to clarify its mechanisms, we examined the aerobic cytotoxicity of TPZ and its main metabolites, 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1-oxide and 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine in murine hepatoma MH22a cells, and their reduction by NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase (P-450R) and ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase (FNR). Analogous studies of several quinones and nitroaromatic compounds with similar values of single-electron reduction midpoint potentials (E17) were carried out. In single-electron reduction by P-450R and FNR, the reactivity of TPZ and its monoxide was similar to that of quinones and nitroaromatics, and increased with an increase in their E17. The cytotoxicity of TPZ and its metabolites possessed a prooxidant character, because it was partly prevented by an antioxidant N,N’-diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine and desferrioxamine, and potentiated by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Importantly, the cytotoxicity of TPZ and, possibly, its 1-N-oxide, was much higher than that of quinones and nitroaromatics with similar values of E17 and redox cycling activities. A possible additional factor in the aerobic cytotoxicity of TPZ is its reductive activation in oxygen-poor cell nuclei, leading to the formation of DNA-damaging species similar to those forming under hypoxia.
Gamtos paveldo objektų būklės vertinimo metodologija
Authors: Braškytė Ligita , Prapiestienė Regina
Published: December 2018

Straipsnyje analizuojamos gamtos paveldo objektų būklės vertinimo metodologinės prielaidos ir pateikiama gamtos paveldo objektų būklės vertinimo metodologija. Pirmiausia analizuota gamtos paveldo objekto sąvoka, gamtos paveldo objektų apsaugos teisinio reglamentavimo pagrindai bei atlikta valstybės saugomų gamtos paveldo objektų statistinė analizė. Atlikus analizę įvardyti gamtos paveldo objektų būklę lemiantys tiesioginiai ir netiesioginiai veiksniai, objektų atsparumas fiziniam poveikiui. Remiantis surinktais duomenimis, sudaryta valstybės saugomų gamtos paveldo objektų būklės vertinimo metodika, kuri apima fizinės objekto būklės pokyčio ir objektui nustatytos buferinės apsaugos zonos būklės pokyčio įvertinimus. Šiame straipsnyje pateikta būklės vertinimo metodika gali būti reikšminga renkant duomenis apie atskirų gamtos paveldo objektų būklę, identifikuojant gamtos paveldo objektų būklės blogėjimo priežastis ir formuojant prioritetines gamtotvarkos kryptis.
The Ruler’s Fast: Fish Consumption in the Cuisine of Sigismund Augustus (1544–1572), Grand Duke of Lithuania
Authors: Dambrauskaitė Neringa
Published: December 2018

The goal of the article is to explore fish consumption in the cuisine of Sigismund Augustus, Grand Duke of Lithuania. The tasks set for the research are the following: 1) to examine the sources of fish stocks; 2) to study the supply of fish to the ruler’s cuisine, and 3) to find out the periodicity and the menu of the fasts. The main sources for the research were court records books of Sigismund Augustus, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and especially the manuscript of the ruler’s steward who kept daily records of Sigismund Augustus’s menu in 1566.
Analysis of sources shows that there were several sources of fish stocks: the lakes and rivers of the ruler’s manors, the ponds that composed large systems in the Sigismund Augustus’ manors, and from markets. The supply of fish to the ruler’s cuisine was well organized, and the ruler’s steward who responsible for this. At the time when Sigismund Augustus stayed in his Vilnius residence, most of the fish, in particular pikes, were supplied from the ponds of Viršupis manor near Vilnius. Some fish, for example, salted bream, bass, roach, and catfish were supplied by the administrators of the ruler’s manors. Additionally, various species of fish were bought to Vilnius market. When the ruler went hunting and stayed in a particular hunting manor in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, fish were supplied from local lakes, rivers, and ponds by the administrator of that manor. Some fish were bought in surrounding places. The administrator or the ruler’s steward also bought fish from the markets in Vilnius or Kaunas and sent to the hunting manor.
The book of the ruler’s steward of 1566 shows that Sigismund Augustus fasted every Friday and Saturday, and also on the feast days. About two hundred fish of several different species were consumed on each fast day in the ruler’s cuisine. Expensive large pikes usually served for dinner and supper. Other expensive fish such as salmon, sturgeon, and eel were consumed not so often. Carp, crucian carp, tench, bass, roach, bream, trout, ide, herring and other fish also were eaten on the fast days. The ruler’s cuisine was varied, plentiful and luxurious even on the fast days.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Bjering Jens Christian Borrebye , Engberg-Pedersen Anders , Gade Solveig , Toft Christine Strandmose
Published: December 2018

Det 21. århundrede har både i Danmark og i den vestlige verden stået i krigens tegn. De fjerne krige særligt i Irak og Afghanistan har affødt en række reaktioner i litteraturen, filmen og på teatret, der alle har taget militære emner op til diskussion. Omvendt er selve krigen siden årtusindeskiftet blevet vævet stadig tættere sammen med repræsentationer. I dag udkæmpes krigen også med (mis)information, med billeder, i simulationer, i forestillede scenarier og i virtual reality krigsspil. Under overskriften Krigskunst undersøger Passage 80 sammenfiltningen af krigen og dens repræsentationer. Med udgangspunkt i krigens æstetiske former undersøger nummerets tekster på tværs af kunstarterne, hvordan kunst og kultur bliver militariseret; hvordan fiktioner forvandles til effektive midler i krigsapparatet; hvordan højteknologiske krige sanses af soldater og af civilbefolkningen; hvordan de fjerne krige viser sig i samfundet som en hjemsøgelse i form af veteranen; og endelig hvilken rolle kunsten har, når militæret forvandler den til krigskunst.
Ord, steder og andre ting vi tabte i krigen: om redactions
Authors: Bjering Jens Christian Borrebye
Published: December 2018

Jens Bjering: “Words, Places, and Other Things We Lost in the War: OnRedactions”The article investigates the use of government redactions in three texts which relate in different ways to the War on Terror: Ex-CIA agent Valerie Plame’s Fair Game, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence’s Study of the Central Intelligence Agency’s Detention and Interrogation Program, and Mohamedou Ould Slahi’s Guantanamo Diary. While the formal reason for redacting texts is to prevent specific pieces of sensitive information from reaching the public, the article claims—and supports through its readings—that redactions in these cases also are used as literary-narrative strategies with which to frame the reader’s general reading experience and thus his or her overall impression of and opinion about the War on Terror.
Any study of defeat should be closely allied to the study of heuristic defection (II)
Authors: Michaelsen Jørgen
Published: December 2018

Jørgen Michaelsen: "Any study of defeat should be closely allied to the study of heuristic defection (II)"
Krigen, kunsten og hjemsøgelsen
Authors: Nielsen Ann-Katrine Schmidt
Published: December 2018

Ann-Katrine Schmidt Nielsen: “War, Art, and Hauntings. An analysis of haunting in Danish veteran art and literature”We might say that ‘wars haunt’ in order to designate how they resonate in, influence and shape societies, relations and individuals – even long after official peace agreements have been made. However, what exactly does this mean and how might such haunting appear in art and literature? This article investigates how contemporary remote warfare can be seen as haunting (in) Danish art and literature made by or in close collaboration with Danish war veterans. Through the analyses of the participatory pop music by Peter and the Danish Defence, the novel Mikael by Dy Plambeck, and the collection of poems Så efterlades alt flæskende by Iraq veteran Mikkel Brixvold, three hauntological modes are suggested: a political, a psychological and an affective mode, each accentuating various aspects of such haunting.
Simulerede krigsteatre
Authors: Gade Solveig
Published: December 2018

Solveig Gade: “Simulated Theaters of War. On Rimini Protokoll and Harun Farocki’s explosion of the temporality and spatiality of the battle space”This article posits that the current alliances between the military, Hollywood, and the gaming industries mark an unprecedented degree of refinement in the use and shaping of the perceptual apparatuses of civilians as well as deployed personnel as an integral part of warfare. Resorting to Carl von Clausewitz’ concept of Theater of War and further drawing on the theoretical insights of amongst others James Der Derian and Tim Lenoir, the article seeks to investigate the explosion of the battle fields’ temporality and spatiality in today’s mediatized war scape. For this investigation, Harun Farocki’s video installation Serious Games and Rimini Protokoll’s performance Situation Rooms will serve as cases. Furthermore, the article will discuss how in different ways, the two works seek to make the seemingly forgotten events of war surface through a strategy of combining documentary and fictitious elements.
Memoria
Authors: Kuhlmann Annelis
Published: December 2018

Annelis Kuhlmann: “Memoria. A theater performance about war as present memory”

This article throws light on how the theater performance, Memoria, by Odin Teatret, Denmark, deals with trauma from World War II as material, so that the actors in the theater production create a complex form of memory act on stage. The explicitly analogue form of Memoria becomes a strength through the bodily presence between actors and spectators. The increasing absence of speech forms a symbolic thread in the witnessing of the war.
Any study of defeat should be closely allied to the study of heuristic defection (III)
Authors: Michaelsen Jørgen
Published: December 2018

Jørgen Michaelsen: "Any study of defeat should be closely allied to the study of heuristic defection (III)"
Vejrmeldinger
Authors: Liet Henk van der
Published: December 2018

Anmeldelse af Dan Ringgaard: Årsværk. En kritikers dagbog. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag 2017, 460 sider, 349 kr.
Currency Board Policy and Economic Development of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Context of European integration
Authors: Marić Željko
Published: December 2018

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a small and open economy in transition with great distrust in local authorities and institutions. The country applies a currency board as the only acceptable and optimal exchange rate system in order to protect its monetary policy from political influences. The strict rules of the currency board provide monetary stability and confidence in the domestic currency, but disable the pursuit of discretionary monetary policy and limit autonomous fiscal policy for the purpose of stimulating an investment cycle and economic development without coordinated accompanying support of monetary policy.The subject of this paper is an analysis of the short-term and long-term effects of the currency board application in Bosnia and Herzegovina in conditions of increasing liberalization through the process of European integration. Given the negative consequences and limitations of the currency board system, this paper analyses in particular the possibility of introducing a central bank with discretionary monetary policy instruments, as well as other measures that can influence the overvaluation of the domestic currency exchange rate.The scientific methods used in the paper are: inductive-deductive method, descriptive method and statistical method. The conclusion and recommendations areobtained by using inductive-deductive method and descriptions of current economictrends based on numerous secondary statistical data presented in the tables andcharts.
Foreign Exchange Reserves as a Shock Protection – the Example of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Šoja Tijana , Galijašević Zumreta
Published: December 2018

Significant increase in foreign exchange reserves in recent decades, including the period of the global financial crisis of 2008 and 2009, has intensified research on the importance and role of foreign exchange reserves and their adequate level. Although the financial crisis has emphasised the importance of maintaining an adequate level of foreign exchange reserves, there is insufficient consensus on the level of foreign exchange reserves that should be maintained in the event of crises and shocks.This paper explores foreign exchange reserves of Bosnia and Herzegovina and their adequate level over the period from 2005 to 2015 as well as in the event of a shock which can be generated by internal or external factors.The aim of this paper is to examine whether foreign exchange reserves of Bosnia and Herzegovina were sufficient in the observed period as well as in the event of shocks that national economy could be exposed to.For the research purposes, comparative method and the application of sensitivity analysis and scenarios were used to analyse and evaluate the adequacy of foreign exchange reserves of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The final results demonstrate thatduring the observed period foreign exchange reserves of Bosnia and Herzegovinawere adequate. However, in the case of extreme shocks Bosnia and Herzegovinadoes not possess the sufficient level of foreign exchange reserves. Such findings recommendto the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with other economicpolicies, additional efforts to accumulate foreign exchange reserves in themedium term.
Стране директне инвестиције и развој малих транзицијских привреда
Authors: Орсаг Силвије , Микеревић Дејан , Башкот Бојан
Published: December 2018

Инвестиције, а самим тим и стране директне инвестиције (СДИ), један су од најважнијих фактора који доводи до економског раста земаља. Одређени правци неолибералног теоријског концепта често заузимају безуслован и недвосмислен став о значају страних директних инвестиција за перформансе националне економије земаља у развоју, односно економија које су у процесу транзиције. У овом излагању представићемо одређене резултате истраживања који указују на опрезност и одређену дозу сумњи приликом усвајања економских политика, са нагласком на неприкосновеност страних директних инвестиција као сигурног генератора економског раста. Модели вишеструке регресионе анализе који се односе на три земље Западног Балкана (Србија, Црна Гора и Босна и Херцеговина), пружили су одређену потврду у том смислу. Организацијом података у виду панела за ове три земље покушали смо осигурати детаљност саме анализе са аспекта података превазилажењем потенцијалног проблема распложивости адекватних временских серија за контролисане промјенљиве.
Утицај политика међународних финансијских институција на економски положај Републике Српске
Authors: Томаш Далибор
Published: December 2018

Мале, отворене привреде, каква је и привреда Републике Српске, веома су зависне од кретања у међународном економском окружењу. Неповољна привредна структура, наслијеђена из претходног социјалистичког уређења, те неадекватно спроведен и незавршен процес транзиције у тржишну привреду, повећавају неефикасност у алокацији расположивих ресурса. Ако томе још додамо и значајне политичке и социјалне терете претходног ратног периода, који се још увијек осјећају у Републици Српској, јасно је да су потребне веома „снажне” структурне реформе, које би довеле до значајнијег привредног раста.Посљедња економска криза је показала да су мале привреде веома осјетљиве на поремећаје глобалних економских кретања. Са намјером да очува достигнути ниво буџетских давања, Република Српска је 2009. године, „ушла” у аранжман са Међународним монетарним фондом, који је до данас, са краћим прекидима, готово у потпуности оквир за све политике Републике Српске.Управо због тога, намјера овог рада и јесте била да се истражи како су политике, међународних финансијских институција, прије свега ММФ-а,који је оквир и за политике других међународних финансијских институци-ја, утицале на економски положај Републике Српске. С тим у вези, прво смоистражили макроекономска кретања у Републици Српској након економскекризе, те анализирали кретања фискалних агрегата. У другом дијелу смоанализирали политике међународних финансијских институција, а при-је свега Међународног монетарног фонда, које су договорене са РепубликомСрпском, док смо у трећем дијелу покушали да докажемо међусобну повеза-ност политика међународних финансијских институција са кретањимамакроекономских и фискалних агрегата у анализираном периоду.Сумирајући резултате нашег истраживања, закључили смо да привред-ни раст још увијек није довољан да значајније утиче на фискална крета-ња, а ефекти проведених структурних реформи су недовољни да озбиљнијезауставе негативне трендове по питању текућег дефицита и повећањазадужености. Анализом квантитативне повезаности појединих макрое-кономских и фискалних варијабли са политикама ММФ-а, закључили смоаранжмани са ММФ-ом нису статистички значајно утицали ни на једнуанализирану варијаблу. Блокаде аранжмана које су учинили поједини нивоивласти, онемогућиле су да програми дају своје пуне ефекте, јер је реализаци-ја мјера у највећем броју случајева значајно каснила, док је износ средставадозначен од ММФ-а по годинама занемарљив у односу на укупне потребе зафинансирањем.
Government Finance Statistics in Bosnia and Herzegovina: How far we have come
Authors: Vujeva Mira
Published: December 2018

Fiscal reporting is the first principle of fiscal transparency. Its main purposeis to present accurate picture of government finance and to providemarkets, legislatures and citizens with the necessary information to holdthe government accountable. Fiscal reporting is expected to give a comprehensiveoverview of fiscal activities of the public sector, provide frequentand regular information on relevant, internationally comparable and historicallyconsistent basis, compiled and disseminated in accordance withthe international standards. In the last two decades significant changes inthis area have begun with the adoption of accrual-based reporting and theextension of the coverage of reports. This paper presents recently developednorms for reporting fiscal statistics and analyses their appliance. Inthe Analyses it is shown that there has been considerable progress in thedevelopment of official public statistics in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Yet,its National Statistical System is confronted with an increasing number ofnew requirements to align with international recommendations, standardsand best practices. The purpose of this paper is to describe the internationalstandards of government finance statistics, analyse the existing systemof compilation and dissemination of the official public finance statistics inBosnia and Herzegovina, compare the state of its compatibility with internationalstandards and highlight challenges and future direction in thisstatistical area.
Отвореност малих транзиционих привреда – посткризна ревидирана анализа
Authors: Тривић Јелена
Published: December 2018

Однос међународне трговине и економског раста и развоја, односно утицај отворености привреде на укупни економски раст и развој је широко истраживано питање међу економистима са још увек нејасним закључцима. Посебно занимљиво питање јесте веза отворености и економског развоја у случају малих отворених привреда које су у принципу „осуђене” на већу отвореност. Отвореност привреде ка спољној трговини у овом раду посматра се као учешће суме увоза и извоза робе у бруто домаћем производу. Предмет овог рада јесте анализа везе између отворености земље према спољној трговини и економског развоја на узорку од 23 мале и транзиционе привреде. Циљ истраживања јесте да се на бази квантитативних показатеља покуша докучити каква је природа ове везе, те да се истражи да ли постоји разлика између односа извоза и економског развоја и односа увоза и економског развоја. Резултати истраживања упућују на закључак да оријентација ка споља (енгл. out-ward orientation) нема алтернативу у случају малих отворених привреда, али да је за мале привреде битноразграничити токове спољне трговине на увозне и извозне када сепосматра степен њихове отворености.
Specificity of Fiscal Policy in the Monetary Union
Authors: Topić-Pavković Branka
Published: December 2018

The condition of the optimal currency area as a theoretical basis of the monetary integration considers the harmonization of the fiscal and monetary policy crucial in achieving the efficient functioning of the monetary union. The issue of sustainability of the monetary union without fiscal union reaches real intensity in times of crisis and market instability. In that context, this paper focuses on the relation of uncoordinated fiscal policies and non-fulfillment of the fiscal criteria of convergence with the functioning and sustainability of the monetary union. The aim of this research is to establish whether, based on the analysed theoretical assumptions and empirical case, the fiscal criteria are respected in practice in the member countries, and how specificity of the fiscal policy influences the monetary integration especially in the years of crisis. We started research with the cost-benefit analysis of the monetary union pointing out to the specific costs and benefits occurring when a country joins the monetary union. We examined the fiscal parameters of the convergence criteria of the member states pointing to the problem of heterogeneity of members and deviations from the reference values of the Union. The results show that the metodology used to establish the set norms of the fiscal convergence cannot cor-respond symetrically to all member countries. The results also point to thefact that, unlike symmetrical, in the emergence of asymmetric shocks, i.e.disorders that affect various countries differently, membership in the monetaryunion becomes more expensive because of the inability to conductmonetary policy.
Feasibility study of the telemedicine systems deployment in rehabilitation centers for addiction therapy
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Hajar
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aim was to determine the feasibility to establish a telemedicine system in one of the rehabilitation and addiction treatment centers in Tehran.

Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive-cross sectional. The research population consisted of 28 people, who were the head and Senior Executive Manager, financial director, IT manager, physicians, nurses and counselors of the addiction center. Due to the small number of statistical population, a total number of sampling was performed. The field research tool was interview, observation and standard questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by professors and experts and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.87). SPSS software was used to analyze the data.

Results: Our studied center, has the sufficient technical infrastructures needed to implement Telemedicine, and the IT department has a good level of awareness about telemedicine technology. The center does not have any strategic plan that includes telemedicine, and the manager board does not support telemedicine, but the center has the support of the chief executive manager on this matter. The shortage of technical staff, insurance and reimbursement problems, initial costs and medical staff shortages, current costs, and training and medical staff resistance are, in the order of priority, the major barriers to telemedicine implementation, and time barriers, employee attitudes, privacy and licensing issues , issues of confidentiality and competition are less important.

Conclusion: Considering that the Rehabilitation and Addict Treatment Center has the technical infrastructures necessary for the implementation of the telemedicine system, as well as the IT department manager is familiar with telemedicine technology, the cost of deploying this system in the center is not significant and is cost-effective. It is recommended to develop an appropriate strategic plan, conduct training programs to change the administrative staff culture and coordinate with the insurer's organizations.
The unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum protein targeting machineries converge on the stress sensor IRE1
Authors: Acosta-Alvear Diego , Karagöz G Elif , Fröhlich Florian , Li Han , Walther Tobias C , Walter Peter
Published: December 2018

The protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is tightly regulated by a network of signaling pathways, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR sensors monitor the ER folding status to adjust ER folding capacity according to need. To understand how the UPR sensor IRE1 maintains ER homeostasis, we identified zero-length crosslinks of RNA to IRE1 with single nucleotide precision in vivo. We found that IRE1 specifically crosslinks to a subset of ER-targeted mRNAs, SRP RNA, ribosomal and transfer RNAs. Crosslink sites cluster in a discrete region of the ribosome surface spanning from the A-site to the polypeptide exit tunnel. Moreover, IRE1 binds to purified 80S ribosomes with high affinity, indicating association with ER-bound ribosomes. Our results suggest that the ER protein translocation and targeting machineries work together with the UPR to tune the ER’s protein folding load.
Crystal structures and biochemical analyses of intermediate cleavage peptidase: role of dynamics in enzymatic function
Authors: Singh Rahul , Goyal Venuka Durani , Kumar Ashwani , Sabharwal Naripjeet Singh , Makde Ravindra D.
Published: December 2018

Intermediate cleavage peptidase (Icp55) processes a subset of mitochondrial matrix proteins by removing a bulky residue at their N termini, leaving behind smaller N‐terminal residues (icp activity). This contributes towards the stability of the mitochondrial proteome. We report crystal structures of yeast Icp55 including one bound to the apstatin inhibitor. Apart from icp activity, the enzyme was found to exhibit Xaa‐Pro aminopeptidase activity in vitro. Structural and biochemical data suggest that the enzyme exists in a rapid equilibrium between monomer and dimer. Furthermore, the dimer, and not the monomer, was found to be the active species with loop dynamics at the dimer interface playing an important role in activity. Based on the new evidence, we propose a model for binding and processing of cellular targets by Icp55.

Database

The atomic coordinates and structure factors for the structures of Icp55 (code 6A9T, 6A9U, 6A9V) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (http://www.pdb.org/).
Removal of Microparticles by Ciliated Surfaces—an Experimental Study
Authors: Zhang Shuaizhong , Wang Ye , Onck Patrick R. , den Toonder Jaap M. J.
Published: December 2018

Biological cilia are versatile hair‐like organelles that are very efficient in manipulating particles for, e.g., feeding, antifouling, and cell transport. Inspired by the versatility of cilia, this paper experimentally demonstrates active particle‐removal by self‐cleaning surfaces that are fully or partially covered with micromolded magnetic artificial cilia (MAC). Actuated by a rotating magnet, the MAC can perform a tilted conical motion, which leads to the removal of spherical particles of different sizes in water, as well as irregular‐shaped sand grains both in water and in air. These findings can contribute to the development of novel particulate manipulation and self‐cleaning/antifouling surfaces, which can be applied, e.g., to prevent fouling of (bio)sensors in lab‐on‐a‐chip devices, and to prevent biofouling of submerged surfaces such as marine sensors and water quality analyzers.
Functional and Engineered Colloids from Edible Materials for Emerging Applications in Designing the Food of the Future
Authors: Patel Ashok R.
Published: December 2018

Functional and engineered colloids fabricated from edible materials have recently gained a lot of interest for futuristic applications in the field of foods for purposes ranging from microstructure development to delivery of health‐promoting bioactives to manipulation of food–body interactions. This review tackles a very ambitious task of discussing the current understanding of functional colloids within the framework of foods. Physicochemical attributes of several novel complex colloids fabricated from natural, and often, underutilized edible materials are clearly and comprehensively reviewed in this paper. This review not only provides a scientific insight into the advances made in the field of colloid‐based food structuring but also touches on the exciting future opportunities in this promising multidisciplinary field.
Dendritic Cell Membrane Vesicles for Activation and Maintenance of Antigen‐Specific T Cells
Authors: Ochyl Lukasz J. , Moon James J.
Published: December 2018

Cell membranes have recently gained attention as a promising drug delivery system. Here, dendritic cell membrane vesicles (DC‐MVs) are examined as a platform to promote T cell responses. Nanosized DC‐MVs are derived from DCs pretreated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a FDA‐approved immunostimulatory adjuvant. These “mature” DC‐MVs activate DCs in vitro and increase their expression of costimulatory markers. DC‐MVs also promote cross‐priming of antigen‐specific T cells in vitro, increasing their survival and CD25 expression. In addition, these mature DC‐MVs potently augment the expansion of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in vivo, generating twofold to fourfold higher frequency of antigen‐specific T cells, compared with other control formulations, including “immature” DC‐MVs obtained without the MPLA pretreatment. Taken together, these results suggest that DC‐MVs are an effective delivery platform for T cell activation and may serve as a potential delivery system for improving adoptive T cell therapy.
Electrical Stimulation by an Organic Transistor Architecture Induces Calcium Signaling in Nonexcitable Brain Cells
Authors: Borrachero‐Conejo Ana Isabel , Saracino Emanuela , Natali Marco , Prescimone Federico , Karges Saskia , Bonetti Simone , Nicchia Grazia Paola , Formaggio Francesco , Caprini Marco , Zamboni Roberto , Mercuri Francesco , Toffanin Stefano , Muccini Michele , Benfenati Valentina
Published: December 2018

Organic bioelectronics have a huge potential to generate interfaces and devices for the study of brain functions and for the therapy of brain pathologies. In this context, increasing efforts are needed to develop technologies for monitoring and stimulation of nonexcitable brain cells, called astrocytes. Astroglial calcium signaling plays, indeed, a pivotal role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the brain. Here, the use of transparent organic cell stimulating and sensing transistor (O‐CST) architecture, fabricated with N,N′‐ditridecylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (P13), to elicit and monitor intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in primary rat neocortical astrocytes is demonstrated. The transparency of O‐CST allows performing calcium imaging experiments, showing that extracellular electrical stimulation of astrocytes induces a drastic increase in [Ca2+]i. Pharmacological studies indicate that transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily are critical mediators of the [Ca2+]i increase. Experimental and computational analyses show that [Ca2+]i response is enabled by the O‐CST device architecture. Noteworthy, the extracellular field application induces a slight but significant increase in the cell volume. Collectively, it is shown that the O‐CST is capable of selectively evoking astrocytes [Ca2+]i, paving the way to the development of organic bioelectronic devices as glial interfaces to excite and control physiology of non‐neuronal brain cells.
Textured Organogel Films Showing Unusual Thermoresponsive Dewetting, Icephobic, and Optical Properties
Authors: Urata Chihiro , Hönes Roland , Sato Tomoya , Kakiuchida Hiroshi , Matsuo Yasutaka , Hozumi Atsushi
Published: December 2018

Textured organogel films showing thermoresponsive (TR)‐syneretic and optical behaviors are fabricated based on soft lithography, using micro/nanostructured master moulds, of polydimethylsiloxane infused with polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS) as a lubricating oil. The critical syneretic temperature (CST) of the organogels can be arbitrarily tuned in the range of −15–50 °C by varying the volume of PMPS. Below the CST, the oil is spontaneously released from the inside of the gel matrices to the topmost surface, and vice versa, and it gradually returns back to the matrices above the CST. In the lubricated state, the textured TR‐organogel film surfaces exhibit excellent dynamic hydrophobicity and icephobicity, i.e., ice can be easily removed from the surface without any additional force. Simultaneously, optical properties derived from surface micro/nanotextures, such as diffraction and antireflection, respectively, are clearly observed above the CST and disappear below the CST, because the surface textures are buried by the released PMPS. These unusual TR‐surface functionalities are found to be repeatable/switchable for several tens of times.
Releasable High‐Performance GaAs Schottky Diodes for Gigahertz Operation of Flexible Bridge Rectifier
Authors: Jung Yei Hwan , Zhang Huilong , Lee In‐Kyu , Shin Joo Hwan , Kim Tae‐il , Ma Zhenqiang
Published: December 2018

Novel strategies for printed electronic devices have rapidly evolved, particularly using thin films of inorganic semiconductors for high‐performance. As one of the basic electronic components, diodes provide important functionalities in circuits, such as high‐frequency switching and rectifying. In this report, the fabrication of releasable radio frequency (RF) gallium arsenide (GaAs)‐based Schottky diodes is presented. This technique yields thousands of fully formed diodes with uniform performance densely packed onto a wafer piece, where each diode is released and transferred using a micro‐stamp only when needed. Such production technique not only reduces material cost, but also benefits design efforts, as circuit designing often requires iterative designs with incremental changes. With low forward voltage and fast switching action, these printable forms of Schottky diodes are operable at microwave frequencies for diverse circuit applications. A full wave bridge rectifier, popularly used for RF‐to‐direct current (DC) converting circuit in wireless power transmission, is fabricated on a flexible substrate using four printed Schottky diodes. The results reveal successful RF‐to‐DC conversion with efficiency of up to 36.4% at principle frequency bands of mobile electronics, including cellular networks, Bluetooth, and Wi‐Fi. The methods presented in this work form a simple yet robust path toward advanced high‐performance flexible electronics.