bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Record Broken: A Copper Peroxide Complex with Enhanced Stability and Faster Hydroxylation Catalysis
Authors: Liebhäuser Patricia , Keisers Kristina , Hoffmann Alexander , Schnappinger Thomas , Sommer Isabella , Thoma Anne , Wilfer Claudia , Schoch Roland , Stührenberg Kai , Bauer Matthias , Dürr Maximilian , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: April 2017

Tyrosinase model systems pinpoint pathways to translating Nature's synthetic abilities for useful synthetic catalysts. Mostly, they use N‐donor ligands which mimic the histidine residues coordinating the two copper centres. Copper complexes with bis(pyrazolyl)methanes with pyridinyl or imidazolyl moieties are already reported as excellent tyrosinase models. Substitution of the pyridinyl donor results in the new ligand HC(3‐tBuPz)2(4‐CO2MePy) which stabilises a room‐temperature stable μ‐η2:η2‐peroxide dicopper(II) species upon oxygenation. It reveals highly efficient catalytic activity as it hydroxylates 8‐hydroxyquinoline in high yields (TONs of up to 20) and much faster than all other model systems (max. conversion within 7.5 min). Stoichiometric reactions with para‐substituted sodium phenolates show saturation kinetics which are nearly linear for electron‐rich substrates. The resulting Hammett correlation proves the electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the influence of the substituent at the pyridinyl donor: the carboxymethyl group adjusts the basicity and nucleophilicity without additional steric demand. This substitution opens up new pathways in reactivity tuning.
Exact analysis of the transient free convection flow of nanofluids between two vertical parallel plates in the presence of radiation
Authors: Narahari Marneni , Alaparthi Nikhila , Pop Ioan
Published: April 2017

The transient free convection flow of nanofluids between two long vertical parallel plates has been investigated analytically in the presence of thermal radiation by considering prescribed wall temperature (PWT) and prescribed wall heat flux (PWHF) at one boundary while the other boundary is maintained at the initial fluid temperature. The exact analytical solutions for the nanofluid velocity, temperature, skin friction, and Nusselt number are derived in the form of rapidly converging series with the help of Laplace transform technique. Five different types of water‐based nanofluids containing copper (Cu), silver (Ag), copper oxide (CuO), titanium oxide (TiO2), and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) are considered in the analysis. The effects of nanoparticle volume fraction, radiation parameter, and temporal variable on the velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number, volume flow rate, and vertical heat flux have been discussed in detail. Some new heat and fluid flow characteristics of nanofluids have been presented. The present results can be used as a benchmark to validate the numerical solutions of transient free convection flow of nanofluids in a vertical channel for limiting cases. Also, the results are useful in gaining a deeper insight into the relevant practical systems.
Novel, Selective, and Developable Dopamine D3 Antagonists with a Modified “Amino” Region
Authors: Micheli Fabrizio
Published: April 2017

This Minireview describes a presentation made at the XXIV National Meeting in Medicinal Chemistry (NMMC) held in Perugia (Italy), September 11–14, 2016. It relates to the discovery of novel templates of the so‐called “amino” region of dopamine D3 receptor antagonists. Moving from the early scaffolds, which were modified in the amine portion, this review discusses the variations that led to the discovery of new systems published in 2016, which allowed the identification of compounds endowed with great selectivity over the dopamine D2 receptor and the human ether‐à‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) ion channel. The main efforts in characterizing these compounds were devoted not only to determining their potency and selectivity relative to closely associated targets (e.g., the dopamine D2 receptor), but to ensure a large therapeutic window versus liability points such as hERG. In particular, we present examples of derivatives with selectivities greater than 2000‐fold. Furthermore, much focus is devoted to the overall developability of the scaffolds, ensuring that appropriate physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters are present in all compounds progressing through the screening cascade.
Quantitative phase microscopy spatial signatures of cancer cells
Authors: Roitshtain Darina , Wolbromsky Lauren , Bal Evgeny , Greenspan Hayit , Satterwhite Lisa L. , Shaked Natan T.
Published: April 2017

We present cytometric classification of live healthy and cancerous cells by using the spatial morphological and textural information found in the label‐free quantitative phase images of the cells. We compare both healthy cells to primary tumor cells and primary tumor cells to metastatic cancer cells, where tumor biopsies and normal tissues were isolated from the same individuals. To mimic analysis of liquid biopsies by flow cytometry, the cells were imaged while unattached to the substrate. We used low‐coherence off‐axis interferometric phase microscopy setup, which allows a single‐exposure acquisition mode, and thus is suitable for quantitative imaging of dynamic cells during flow. After acquisition, the optical path delay maps of the cells were extracted and then used to calculate 15 parameters derived from the cellular 3D morphology and texture. Upon analyzing tens of cells in each group, we found high statistical significance in the difference between the groups in most of the parameters calculated, with the same trends for all statistically significant parameters. Furthermore, a specially designed machine learning algorithm, implemented on the phase map extracted features, classified the correct cell type (healthy/cancer/metastatic) with 81–93% sensitivity and 81–99% specificity. The quantitative phase imaging approach for liquid biopsies presented in this paper could be the basis for advanced techniques of staging freshly isolated live cancer cells in imaging flow cytometers. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Oxidative properties and moisture content in repeatedly used oils for French fries and breaded chickens during frying
Authors: Song JuHee , Kim Sunghwa , Kim Jisu , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee Sang‐Mok , Jang Mun‐Ik , Lee JaeHwan
Published: April 2017

Changes of oxidation parameters including acid value (AV), total polar materials (TPM), conjugated dienoic acid (CDA), and p‐anisidine values (p‐AV) were evaluated in repeatedly used frying oils for French fries and breaded chickens. As frying time increased, all the oxidation parameters including AV, CDA, p‐AV, and TPM content increased significantly (p < 0.05). Frying oils for French fries suffered lesser oxidative deterioration compared to those for breaded chicken although the same oils were used. The 7.7 h heating for oil with water, 115 frying cycles for French fries, and 42 frying cycles for breaded chickens generated about 0.76, 0.78, and 0.78% CDA, respectively, 0.75, 0.78, and 1.69% AV, respectively, and 19.95, 15.99, and 25.20% TPM by column chromatography, respectively. Moisture content in frying oils for French fries was the lowest and that in breaded chicken was the highest. Different values of AV, CDA, p‐AV, color changes, and TPM were observed depending on frying condition especially the moisture content in frying oils.

Practical application: Oxidation parameters and moisture content in frying oils for French fries and breaded chickens were determined. Moisture content in oils affected the oxidative stability a lot. Therefore, controlling the amounts of moisture in frying oils is one of critical steps to retard the rates of lipid oxidation in oils. The results of this study can be applied to extend the usage of frying oils in fast food restaurants.

(i) The oxidation parameters were monitored in heated oils with moisture supplement, in frying oils for French fry and in frying oils for breaded chicken. (ii) Frying oils for French fries suffered lesser oxidative deterioration compared to those for breaded chicken although the same oils are used. (iii) Moisture content in frying oils for French fries is the lowest and that in breaded chicken is the highest.
Recent Advances in Functionalization of α‐C(sp3)–H Centres in Inactivated Ethers through Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Batra Aanchal , Singh Paramjit , Singh Kamal Nain
Published: April 2017

Carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond construction through oxidative carbon–hydrogen bond activation has attracted much attention in synthetic organic chemistry. Recently, a variety of reactions of inactivated cyclic ethers (THF, THP and dioxane) and acyclic ethers with various coupling partners have been reported. Despite the absence of phenyl rings and high oxidation potentials, these ethers worked efficiently under oxidative conditions. This review focusses on recent reports of C–C and C–heteroatom bond formation in these cyclic and acyclic ethers through cross dehydrogenative coupling.
Inulinolytic activity of broths of Aspergillus niger ATCC 204447 cultivated in shake flasks and stirred tank bioreactor
Authors: Kowalska Anna , Antecka Anna , Owczarz Piotr , Bizukojć Marcin
Published: April 2017

It is the first detailed study of an inulinolytic fungus Aspergillus niger ATCC 204447 since its discovery, covering submerged cultivations both in shake flasks and a stirred tank bioreactor. Various carbon sources were applied to induce the inulinolytic activity in shake flask cultures. The highest volumetric and specific (per gram of biomass) activities (respectively 0.68 U/mL and 184 U g/X) were observed for the initial inulin and sucrose concentrations equal to 20 g/L. The fungus grew as large (>3 mm) spherical pellets. The influence of inoculum density and application of microparticle‐enhanced cultivation (MPEC) were studied in the batch bioreactor cultivations. Inoculum density moderately affected the inulinolytic activities, whose highest values were 0.7 U/mL and 165 U g/X at the lowest studied spore density of 3.33·108 L−1. Dispersed hyphae evolved in the bioreactor made the broth difficult to aerate due to high apparent viscosity (exceeding 200 Pa sn at shear rate about 0.05 s−1) and shear thinned properties (flow behavior index below 0.2). In MPEC (10 μm talc microparticles) the pellets of diameter between 1 and 2 mm were formed, which facilitated the aeration of the broth and increased the specific inulinolytic activity 3.5‐fold.
Distribution STATCOM with optimal phase angle injection model for reactive power compensation of radial distribution networks
Authors: Sanam Joseph , Ganguly Sanjib , Panda A.K.
Published: April 2017

In this paper, a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) model based on optimal angle injection is devised and used in reactive power compensation of radial distribution systems. In the proposed DSTATCOM model, the rating of the DSTATCOM is determined with the injection of optimal phase angle of the voltage at the location, in which a DSTATCOM is placed. The proposed DSTATCOM model is suitably incorporated in the forward‐backward sweep load flow algorithm. The optimal location and rating for DSTATCOM are determined by minimizing the active power loss of a distribution network. Differential evolution algorithm is used as the solution strategy. The 69‐bus radial distribution system is used in the case study. The results show that the proposed approach is more efficient in active power loss reduction as compared with some of the previously published approaches.
An efficient cleanup method coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for multi‐pesticides residue analysis in complex plant matrices
Authors: Wang Xinquan , Qi Peipei , Wang Xiangyun , Zhang Qian , Wang Zhiwei , Xu Xiahong , Xu Hao , Zhang Hu , Wang Qiang
Published: April 2017

We aimed to develop an efficient cleanup method for multi‐pesticides residue analysis in complex plant matrices, shallot, ginger, garlic, onion, leek, and celery. Column chromatography was used as the cleanup method and fabricated with florisil and graphitized carbon black as the adsorbents. The amount of the graphitized carbon black adsorbent and the choice of the elution solvent were systematically investigated for exploring the best combination. The target pesticides covered organochlorine, pyrethroid, and organophosphorus pesticides, and were 38 in total. The method validation and comparison were performed to verify its feasibility and advantages in operation convenience and purification efficiency. The method limit of quantitation varied from 0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg, which depends on the pesticides and the sample matrices. The recoveries of the pesticides ranged from 60.5 to 128% (RSD ≤ 19.0%) at the spiked concentration level of 0.01 (or 0.03) mg/kg and 62.9 to 130% (RSD ≤ 13.0%) at 0.1 mg/kg. Compared with the commercial cleanup solid‐phase extraction cartridges, the present adsorbent combination displayed better purification effect and shorter sample pretreatment time, demonstrating potential application prospect in the complex matrix sample analysis.
A simple assessment tool for evaluation of cadaveric temporal bone dissection
Authors: Mowry Sarah E. , Woodson Erika , Gubbels Samuel , Carfrae Matt , Hansen Marlan R.
Published: April 2017

Educational Objective

Objective metrics in skilled‐based educational courses allow trainees and instructors to assess performance and monitor progress. The objective is to validate a concise, easy‐to‐use instrument for assessment of resident skill during a timed cadaveric temporal‐bone (CTB) dissection.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis.

Methods

An instrument was developed to assess resident performance on a yearly timed microdissection of CTB. Five neurotologists participated in the assessment. Each reviewer's score was compared to the score given by the senior neurotologist each year for every resident. Spearman's correlation analysis was then used to assess the reproducibility of the instrument in assessing resident performance. The ability of the instrument to distinguish among experienced and novice trainees and to demonstrate improvement with experience were also assessed.

Results

The instrument was created and used for 6 years. Thirty residents were assessed. Correlation of scores between the senior neurotologist and the other neurotologist together was very high (r = 0.883, P < 0.001). Three specific tasks distinguished novice from senior dissectors: posterior canal, opening the membranous labyrinth, and disruption of the ossicular chain.

Conclusion

A new instrument for assessment of resident skill on CTB dissection is presented. The instrument is easy to use, and scores derived from it are consistent across reviewers. The new instrument distinguishes experienced trainees from novice trainees, is sensitive to individual experience, and has proved useful in providing trainees with objective performance measures.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 128:451–455, 2018
Postoperative hemorrhage and hospital revisit after transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Zenga Joseph , Suko Jasmina , Kallogjeri Dorina , Pipkorn Patrik , Nussenbaum Brian , Jackson Ryan S.
Published: April 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

To investigate the incidence and complications related to postoperative hemorrhage (POH) after transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

Study Design

Retrospective review of the State Inpatient Database (SID), the State Ambulatory Surgery Database (SASD), and the State Emergency Department Database (SEDD) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.

Methods

Patients were identified from the SID, SASD, and SEDD for the states of Florida, New York, and California from 2005 to 2013 who had an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition code for a surgical procedure on the upper aerodigestive tract associated with a code for robotic‐assisted surgery. Univariate logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with POH.

Results

Five hundred nine patients underwent TORS. Indications for surgery included neoplastic disease in 376 (74%) and sleep apnea in 74 (15%). Forty‐one (8%) had an episode of POH at a median of 9 days postoperatively (range = 0–21 days). Twenty‐four (5%) required an intervention related to their POH. Sixteen (3%) required return to the operating room for control of hemorrhage; 11 (2%) had a severe complication that required embolization or tracheostomy. Charlson Comorbidity Score of ≥3 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45‐6.30) and a tonsillar neoplasm (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.03‐3.74) were significantly associated with POH.

Conclusions

The incidence of POH after TORS was low, and few of these patients had a severe complication related to this event. Medical comorbidity and tonsillar subsite may be independent risk factors for POH. These data provide a benchmark for informed decision making in TORS and a basis for further study.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:2287–2292, 2017
The predation paradox: Synergistic and antagonistic interactions between grazing by crustacean predator and infection by cyanophages promotes bloom formation in filamentous cyanobacteria
Authors: Šulčius Sigitas , Slavuckytė Kristina , Paškauskas Ričardas
Published: April 2017

In this study, we assessed the impact of synergistic/antagonistic interactions between grazing by crustacean predator (Daphnia magna) and infection by cyanophage (Vb‐AphaS‐CL131) on the population dynamics of the harmful bloom‐forming filamentous cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae. We observed synergistic effect of cyanophage infection on D. magna survival and grazing trough the lysis‐induced shift in cyanobacteria population structure toward the shorter filaments. However, lysis‐mediated‐ and grazing‐enhanced removal of short A. flos‐aquae filaments resulted in the dominance of grazing‐ and infection‐resistant A. flos‐aquae population. In addition, the presence of D. magna generated a trait‐mediated response in the A. flos‐aquae population by promoting the aggregation of filaments into colony‐like structures. Experiments using temperate A. flos‐aquae colony isolates from natural environment demonstrated that colony‐embedded A. flos‐aquae filaments are insensitive to the addition of both D. magna and cyanophages. Therefore, we propose that interactions between crustacean grazers and cyanophages may promote the emergence of defensive A. flos‐aquae genotypes and population traits that eventually lead to bloom formation in aquatic environments.
Photoactive Polymers with Benzocyclobutene/Silacyclobutane Dual Crosslinked Structure and Low Dielectric Constant
Authors: Huang Yawen , Zhang Shengbo , Hu Huan , Wei Xiaonan , Yu Hongtao , Yang Junxiao
Published: April 2017

Low dielectric photopatternable materials have aroused much interest owing to their potential application as alternatives of conventional photoresists. Although a number of photosensitive groups have been established to construct photopatternable materials for many years, it is still a challenge to introduce them into polymer chains via a facile and control polymerization technique, such as living free radical polymerization. In this work, on the basis of the photoactive silaycyclobutene moiety, a new monomer, 1‐methyl‐1‐(4‐vinylphenyl) silacyclobutane (1‐MVPSCB), was synthesized and demonstrated successful to conduct atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Subsequently, the copolymerization of 1‐MVPSCB with 4‐vinylbenzocyclobutene (4‐VBCB) and styrene produced a kind of benzocyclobutene/silacyclobutane double‐crosslinked polymer (BS‐DCP) with controlled benzocyclobutene/silacyclobutane ratios and low polydispersity index. Owing to the UV/thermally dual crosslinked structure, BS‐DCP possesses photapatternability, high dimensional stability and low dielectric constant (2.37 at 10 MHz). These properties make BS‐DCP a potential photoresist that could be directly used as interconnected dielectrics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1920–1928
Photo‐oxidation of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide): A reinvestigation
Authors: Pickett James E.
Published: April 2017

Reinvestigation of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) photodegradation at wavelengths > 290 nm shows that both methyl groups and aromatic rings are sites of oxidation with their relative rates dependent on exposure conditions, based on infrared spectroscopy. The methyl group loss is linear with exposure and apparently proceeds by direct abstraction of a benzylic hydrogen by oxygen. The aromatic ring loss and carbonyl growth in the IR spectra appear to be auto‐accelerating and seem to proceed by electron transfer to oxygen, either sensitized or through a direct reaction with oxygen, and recombination of the polymer radical cation and superoxide to result in oxygen addition to the ring. Molecular weight loss in solution occurs to a significant degree only in the presence of oxygen, even in the presence of a hydrogen‐donating solvent, indicating that aryl ether photolysis is not a major pathway. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2318–2331
Macroscopic control of DMAHEMA and HEMA plasma polymerization to tune the surface mechanical properties of hydrogel‐like coatings
Authors: Veuillet Mathieu , Ploux Lydie , Airoudj Aissam , Gourbeyre Yannick , Gaudichet‐Maurin Emmanuelle , Roucoules Vincent
Published: April 2017

Macroscopic kinetics of DMAEMA and HEMA plasma polymerization have been investigated. Different regimes in the kinetics of growth have been identified and the resulting plasma polymer surfaces have been characterized by Infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies as well as by wettability analysis. Various hydrogel properties have been obtained leading to different surface mechanical properties. The values of Young's modulus estimated by AFM nanoindentation were found to be systematically high in the case of DMAEMA plasma polymerization (4–6 MPa). However, in the case of HEMA plasma polymerization, the Young's modulus values could be tune to 1 MPa up to 4.5 MPa. This result was even more remarkable as chemical composition of the corresponding surfaces was quasi‐identical.
Designing dual inhibitors of Mdm2/MdmX: Unexpected coupling of water with gatekeeper Y100/99
Authors: Lee Xiong An , Verma Chandra , Sim Adelene Y.L
Published: April 2017

Mdm2 and MdmX share high structural similarity in their N‐terminal domains, yet dual inhibitors are challenging to design due to differences in the conformations of the binding pockets, and notably of the proposed gatekeeper residue, Y100/99. Analysis of crystal structures and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of complexes of Mdm2 and MdmX resulted in the identification of a water molecule with a long residence time that appears to be modulated by the conformation of Y100/99. These observations lead us to speculate that dual inhibitors either (i) stabilize both Mdm2 and MdmX with Y100/99 in the open conformation typically seen in complexes of Mdm2 with p53, or (ii) the dual inhibitors are agnostic to the conformation of Y100/99. The recently developed potent dual inhibitory stapled peptide Atsp7041 appears to be agnostic to the conformation of the gatekeeper residue. Proteins 2017; 85:1493–1506. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secondary Sensitivity Control of Silver‐Nanowire‐Based Resistive‐Type Strain Sensors by Geometric Modulation of the Elastomer Substrate
Authors: Heo Yunjeong , Hwang Youngkyu , Jung Hoon Sun , Choa Sung‐Hoon , Ko Heung Cho
Published: April 2017

A secondary method for modulation of the sensitivity in silver nanowire (AgNW) resistive‐type strain sensors without the need to change the material or coating process in the sensory layer is demonstrated. Instead of using a planar elastomer (polydimethylsiloxane is used in this study) substrate, diverse relief structures are introduced to induce nonuniform and complex strain within the elastic substrate and thereby different distributions of the crack density of the AgNWs upon stretching, which plays an important role in the modulation of the gauge factor (GF). Analysis of the sensory layer and mechanical studies reveal that a lower height ratio and greater number of trenches enhance the sensor sensitivity, for example, reaching a GF of 926 at 9.6% in this study. The demonstration of wrist‐motion sensors using the technology illustrates the feasibility of using relief structures for various types of sensors and sensitivity ranges using an identical sensor layer.
Hunter cooperation with requests to avoid a visibly marked ungulate
Authors: Wiskirchen Kevyn H. , Jacobsen Todd C. , Sullivan Jeffery D. , Ditchkoff Stephen S.
Published: April 2017

Studies utilizing radio tags to examine animal space use are widespread and often require the survival of marked animals over the entirety of a specified study period to answer movement‐related questions. When studying the space use of game species, tactics such as applying visible markings to research animals and communicating with hunters may be needed to mitigate unwanted losses due to hunter harvest. Information regarding the effectiveness of visible markings and communication efforts in reducing harvest, as well as examples of hunter cooperation with requests to avoid harvesting marked animals, are lacking but could be quite useful when designing movement studies and planning capture efforts. Across 3 studies conducted during 2009–2015 on public and private land in the southeastern United States, adult white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were captured and marked in 1 of 3 ways: via conspicuous (Global Positioning System [GPS]) radiocollar; conspicuous radiocollar combined with visible ear tags; or cryptic (very‐high‐frequency [VHF]) radiocollar. Hunters were asked not to harvest visibly marked deer (GPS radiocollars, with or without ear tags) and survival was compared with that of cryptically marked (VHF) animals. Visibly marked deer were less likely to be harvested than were cryptically marked individuals on private land, but collar types were treated similarly on public land. Additionally, visibly marked males were more likely to be harvested than visibly marked females and the likelihood of harvest increased with male deer age. Our findings suggest that hunter cooperation decreases with the opportunity to harvest a “trophy” and that cooperation is lower on public land compared with private land. Insight into hunter treatment of visibly marked deer can inform researchers and managers about expected losses when conducting long‐term spatial monitoring of ungulates and other game species. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Capture efficiency of torrent ducks by the active mist‐net method
Authors: Alza Luis , Bautista Emil , Smith Matthew , Gutierrez‐Pinto Natalia , Astie Andrea , Mccracken Kevin G.
Published: April 2017

We report on the use and efficiency of an active mist‐net method for capturing 3 subspecies of torrent ducks (Merganetta armata), a territorial and specialized South American waterfowl, in fast‐moving rivers of the Andes Mountains. As an active process, the execution of this methodology required the presence of a well‐trained, 3‐person team. During the austral winter and spring between 2010 and 2014, we captured 372 torrent ducks in 410 capture events on 8 different rivers in Colombia (n = 1), Peru (n = 5), and Argentina (n = 2). Each captured torrent duck was banded and 38 opportunistic recaptures events were obtained using the same methodology in the same territories. We deployed the mist nets across fast‐moving deep rivers, along elevational gradients (680–4,200 m). Males were more easily captured than females, because of their greater tendency to fly. Our data validated this capture method for torrent ducks, as we succeeded in capturing individuals of the 3 subspecies in different habitats at different elevations and latitudes. To avoid animal mortality, we recommend application of this method only when 3 minimal conditions are met: 1) each field crew has ≥3 people; 2) all of the crew members have hand‐radios to enable continuous communication; and 3) each crew member has received prior training (e.g., installation, inspection, manipulation, and removal of the mist net, bird extraction, and familiarity with the behavior of the torrent ducks). © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Short Term High Fat Diet Induces Obesity‐Enhancing Changes in Mouse Gut Microbiota That are Partially Reversed by Cessation of the High Fat Diet
Authors: Shang Yue , Khafipour Ehsan , Derakhshani Hooman , Sarna Lindsei K. , Woo Connie W. , Siow Yaw L. , O Karmin
Published: April 2017

The gut microbiota is proposed as a “metabolic organ” involved in energy utilization and is associated with obesity. Dietary intervention is one of the approaches for obesity management. Changes in dietary components have significant impacts on host metabolism and gut microbiota. In the present study, we examined the influence of dietary fat intervention on the modification of gut mucosa‐associated microbiota profile along with body weight and metabolic parameter changes. Male C57BL/6J mice (6‐week old) were fed a low fat diet (10% kcal fat) as a control or a high fat diet (HFD 60% kcal fat) for 7 weeks. In another group, mice were fed HFD for 5 weeks followed by low fat control diet for 2 weeks (HFD + Control). At 7 weeks, body weight gain, blood glucose and hepatic triacylglycerol levels of mice fed a HFD were significantly higher than that of the control group and the HFD + Control group. There were significant differences in the diversity and predicted functional properties of microbiota in the cecum and colon mucosa between the control group and the HFD group. HFD feeding reduced the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, a microbiota pattern often associated with obesity. The HFD + Control diet partially restored the diversity and composition of microbiota in the cecum to the pattern observed in mice fed a control diet. These results suggest that short‐term high fat diet withdrawal can restore metabolic changes and prevent excess body weight gain, however, long‐term dietary intervention may be required to optimize the restoration of gut microbiota in mouse.
Molecular geochemistry of organic matter of Triassic rocks in the northeastern part of the Barents Sea: the influence of tectonic and magmatic processes
Authors: Petrova V.I. , Batova G.I. , Kursheva A.V. , Litvinenko I.V. , Morgunova I.P.
Published: April 2017

Samples of Triassic sediments were collected from cores of parametric boreholes drilled on the Admiralteiskii Rise, Franz Josef Land Archipelago, and Fersman structure in the northeastern part of the Barents Sea sedimentary basin. The composition and distribution of hydrocarbon biomarkers (n-alkanes, isoprenoids, cyclic alkanes, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons) were studied using the GC–MS method and provided information about the genesis, facies conditions of sedimentation, and catagenetic maturity stage of dispersed organic matter (DOM). The Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic uplifting of the region and active magmatic processes significantly influenced the thermal transformation of sediments. The revealed trend is best observed in the sediment section of the Franz Josef Land Archipelago, where the thermal effects led to a radical increase in DOM transformation, up to the AC1 stage.
Network dynamics of HIV risk and prevention in a population-based cohort of young Black men who have sex with men – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Schneider J. , Cornwell B. , Jonas A. , Lancki N. , Behler R. , Skaathun B. , Young L. E. , Morgan E. , Michaels S. , Duvoisin R. , Khanna A. S. , Friedman S. , Schumm P. , Laumann E. ,   for the uConnect Study Team
Published: April 2017

The order of the authors in the published article is incorrect. The authors should appear as follows:

J. Schneider, B. Cornwell, A. Jonas, R. Behler, N. Lancki, B. Skaathun, L. E. Young, E. Morgan, S. Michaels, R. Duvoisin, A. S. Khanna, S. Friedman, P. Schumm, E. Laumann, for the uConnect Study Team

The authors regret the error.
Limited impacts of truck-based ultra-low-volume applications of mosquito adulticides on mortality in honey bees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Rinkevich F.D. , Margotta J.W. , Pokhrel V. , Walker T.W. , Vaeth R.H. , Hoffman W.C. , Fritz B.K. , Danka R.G. , Rinderer T.E. , Aldridge R.L. , Linthicum K.J. , Ottea J.A. , Healy K.B.
Published: April 2017

Adulticides applied against mosquitoes can reduce vector populations during times of high arbovirus transmission. However, impacts of these insecticides on pollinators and other non-target organisms are of concern to mosquito control professionals, beekeepers and others. We evaluated mortality of Culex quinquefasciatus and Apis mellifera when caged insects were exposed to low and high label rates of four common adulticides (Aqua-Pursuit™ [permethrin], Duet® [prallethrin + sumithrin], Fyfanon® [malathion] and Scourge® [resmethrin]) at six distances up to 91.4 m from a truck-mounted ultra-low-volume sprayer. Honey bee mortality was both absolutely low (<10%) and low relative to mosquito mortality for most products, distances, and application rates. Exceptions were at the high rate of Fyfanon (honey bee mortality of 22–100% at distances ≤61 m) and the low rate of Scourge (mortality <10% for both insects). The greatest ratios of mosquito-to-honey bee mortality were found for the low rate of Fyfanon (30× greater) and the high rate of Duet (50× greater). Aqua-Pursuit and Fyfanon tended to increase mortality of both species at closer distances and at higher application rate; this was related to increased number and size of spray droplets. Wind speed and temperature had inconsistent effects on mortality of mosquitoes only. In this bioassay designed to have insects directly intercept insecticide droplets, mosquito adulticides applied at low rates and at >61 m had limited impacts on honey bee mortality while providing effective mosquito control.
Transparency in Norwegian and Icelandic: Language contact vs. language isolation
Authors: Olthof Marieke
Published: April 2017

This research studies language contact as a possible cause of differences between languages in their degree of transparency. As transparency is assumed to facilitate intelligibility and learnability, especially for adult L2 learners, it is hypothesized that in particular contact settings with many such learners, languages tend to show increasing transparency. The study tests this hypothesis by investigating transparency in Norwegian, which has been exposed to extensive contact with Low German and Danish, and the relatively isolated Icelandic language. Based on a set of opacity features formulated in Functional Discourse Grammar, the degree of transparency of the two languages is compared. The results show that, as predicted, Norwegian is more transparent than Icelandic, which seems due to an increase in transparency in Norwegian and general opacity maintenance in Icelandic compared to their ancestor Old Norse. The study thus supports the hypothesized relation between language contact and transparency.
Early developmental influences on self-esteem trajectories from adolescence through adulthood: Impact of birth weight and motor skills
Authors: Poole Kristie L. , Schmidt Louis A. , Ferro Mark A. , Missiuna Cheryl , Saigal Saroj , Boyle Michael H. , Van Lieshout Ryan J.
Published: April 2017

While the trajectory of self-esteem from adolescence to adulthood varies from person to person, little research has examined how differences in early developmental processes might affect these pathways. This study examined how early motor skill development interacted with preterm birth status to predict self-esteem from adolescence through the early 30s. We addressed this using the oldest known, prospectively followed cohort of extremely low birth weight (<1000 g) survivors (N= 179) and normal birth weight controls (N= 145) in the world, born between 1977 and 1982. Motor skills were measured using a performance-based assessment at age 8 and a retrospective self-report, and self-esteem was reported during three follow-up periods (age 12–16, age 22–26, and age 29–36). We found that birth weight status moderated the association between early motor skills and self-esteem. Stable over three decades, the self-esteem of normal birth weight participants was sensitive to early motor skills such that those with poorer motor functioning manifested lower self-esteem, while those with better motor skills manifested higher self-esteem. Conversely, differences in motor skill development did not affect the self-esteem from adolescence to adulthood in individuals born at extremely low birth weight. Early motor skill development may exert differential effects on self-esteem, depending on whether one is born at term or prematurely.
Three hulless oat varieties show economic potential as organic layer feed grain
Authors: Winkler Louisa R. , Murphy Kevin M. , Hermes James C.
Published: April 2017

Hulless oats are of interest as an alternative to corn and wheat in organic poultry diets because they offer potential to enhance agrobiodiversity and produce locally grown feeds both within and outside of corn-growing regions. Hulless oats are easily certified GM-free and have demonstrated nutritional value for poultry. A feeding study was carried out to examine: (i) the effects of substituting corn, wheat or a fraction of each with hulless oats in organic layer diets, and (ii) the importance of oat variety in feed performance. Productivity and economic implications in the context of current organic markets were explored. Experimental diets included an oat-free control, Oat + corn, Oat + wheat and Oat + corn + wheat, each of which was formulated with three hulless oat varieties, AC Gwen, Paul and Streaker. All but the control diet included oats at 200 g kg−1. Three hundred Hy-Line Brown hens were individually caged and allocated to diets in groups of 10 in a completely randomized design with three replicates per diet. Experimental diets were fed between 24 and 32 weeks of age during which time hen health, egg production and egg quality indicators were monitored. Results indicated that hulless oats had no negative effects on hen health and productivity. On the basis of current organic feed ingredient prices and an estimated cost of USD 533 mt−1 for production of oats in the study region, oat containing diets were more expensive than the oat-free control. In an evaluation of revenue based on current market prices for organic eggs, the additional cost was completely offset by larger egg sizes of hens on oat containing diets. There were no major differences associated with oat variety.
P16INK4a upregulation mediated by TBK1 induces retinal ganglion cell senescence in ischemic injury
Authors: Li L u , Zhao Yin , Zhang Hong
Published: April 2017

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide that is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. However, RGC senescence as a phase before RGC death, and the mechanism of RGC senescence remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that TANK-binding protein 1 (TBK1) is upregulated in acute IOP elevation-induced ischemic retinas mouse model. Moreover, pre-treatment with the TBK1 inhibitor BX-795 reduced p16INK4a (p16) expression and RGC senescence. Upregulation of TBK1 via plasmid transfection increased Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Bmi1 phosphorylation. The Akt inhibitor MK-2206 decreased the expression of p16 and Bmi1 serine phosphorylation. A Bmi1 Ser316 mutation also attenuated TBK1-induced p16 upregulation. Finally, silencing of TBK1 via shRNA knockdown reduced the expression of p16 as well as Akt and Bmi1 phosphorylation, reducing RGC senescence in vivo. These data suggest that acute IOP elevation-induced ischemia increases TBK1 expression, which then increases p16 expression through the Akt- Bmi1 phosphorylation pathway. This study therefore elucidates a novel mechanism whereby TBK1 regulates p16 expression and RGC senescence, suggesting a potential novel treatment strategy for minimizing RGC senescence in retinal ischemia and glaucoma.
Metabolic labelling of the carbohydrate core in bacterial peptidoglycan and its applications
Authors: Liang Hai , DeMeester Kristen E. , Hou Ching-Wen , Parent Michelle A. , Caplan Jeffrey L. , Grimes Catherine L.
Published: April 2017

Bacterial cells are surrounded by a polymer known as peptidoglycan (PG), which protects the cell from changes in osmotic pressure and small molecule insults. A component of this material, N-acetyl-muramic acid (NAM), serves as a core structural element for innate immune recognition of PG fragments. We report the synthesis of modifiable NAM carbohydrate derivatives and the installation of these building blocks into the backbone of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial PG utilizing metabolic cell wall recycling and biosynthetic machineries. Whole cells are labelled via click chemistry and visualized using super-resolution microscopy, revealing higher resolution PG structural details and allowing the cell wall biosynthesis, as well as its destruction in immune cells, to be tracked. This study will assist in the future identification of mechanisms that the immune system uses to recognize bacteria, glean information about fundamental cell wall architecture and aid in the design of novel antibiotics.
Chytrid fungus infection in zebrafish demonstrates that the pathogen can parasitize non-amphibian vertebrate hosts
Authors: Liew Nicole , Mazon Moya Maria J. , Wierzbicki Claudia J. , Hollinshead Michael , Dillon Michael J. , Thornton Christopher R. , Ellison Amy , Cable Jo , Fisher Matthew C. , Mostowy Serge
Published: April 2017

Aquatic chytrid fungi threaten amphibian biodiversity worldwide owing to their ability to rapidly expand their geographical distributions and to infect a wide range of hosts. Combating this risk requires an understanding of chytrid host range to identify potential reservoirs of infection and to safeguard uninfected regions through enhanced biosecurity. Here we extend our knowledge on the host range of the chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis by demonstrating infection of a non-amphibian vertebrate host, the zebrafish. We observe dose-dependent mortality and show that chytrid can infect and proliferate on zebrafish tissue. We also show that infection phenotypes (fin erosion, cell apoptosis and muscle degeneration) are direct symptoms of infection. Successful infection is dependent on disrupting the zebrafish microbiome, highlighting that, as is widely found in amphibians, commensal bacteria confer protection against this pathogen. Collectively, our findings greatly expand the limited tool kit available to study pathogenesis and host response to chytrid infection.
Continuous Isotropic-Nematic Transition in Amyloid Fibril Suspensions Driven by Thermophoresis
Authors: Vigolo Daniele , Zhao Jianguo , Handschin Stephan , Cao Xiaobao , deMello Andrew J. , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: April 2017

The isotropic and nematic (I + N) coexistence for rod-like colloids is a signature of the first-order thermodynamics nature of this phase transition. However, in the case of amyloid fibrils, the biphasic region is too small to be experimentally detected, due to their extremely high aspect ratio. Herein, we study the thermophoretic behaviour of fluorescently labelled β-lactoglobulin amyloid fibrils by inducing a temperature gradient across a microfluidic channel. We discover that fibrils accumulate towards the hot side of the channel at the temperature range studied, thus presenting a negative Soret coefficient. By exploiting this thermophoretic behaviour, we show that it becomes possible to induce a continuous I-N transition with the I and N phases at the extremities of the channel, starting from an initially single N phase, by generating an appropriate concentration gradient along the width of the microchannel. Accordingly, we introduce a new methodology to control liquid crystal phase transitions in anisotropic colloidal suspensions. Because the induced order-order transitions are achieved under stationary conditions, this may have important implications in both applied colloidal science, such as in separation and fractionation of colloids, as well as in fundamental soft condensed matter, by widening the accessibility of target regions in the phase diagrams.
Tissue Distribution of the MERS-Coronavirus Receptor in Bats
Authors: Widagdo W. , Begeman Lineke , Schipper Debby , Run Peter R. van , Cunningham Andrew A. , Kley Nils , Reusken Chantal B. , Haagmans Bart L. , van den Brand Judith M. A.
Published: April 2017

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been shown to infect both humans and dromedary camels using dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as its receptor. The distribution of DPP4 in the respiratory tract tissues of humans and camels reflects MERS-CoV tropism. Apart from dromedary camels, insectivorous bats are suggested as another natural reservoir for MERS-like-CoVs. In order to gain insight on the tropism of these viruses in bats, we studied the DPP4 distribution in the respiratory and extra-respiratory tissues of two frugivorous bat species (Epomophorus gambianus and Rousettus aegyptiacus) and two insectivorous bat species (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Eptesicus serotinus). In the frugivorous bats, DPP4 was present in epithelial cells of both the respiratory and the intestinal tract, similar to what has been reported for camels and humans. In the insectivorous bats, however, DPP4 expression in epithelial cells of the respiratory tract was almost absent. The preferential expression of DPP4 in the intestinal tract of insectivorous bats, suggests that transmission of MERS-like-CoVs mainly occurs via the fecal-oral route. Our results highlight differences in the distribution of DPP4 expression among MERS-CoV susceptible species, which might influence variability in virus tropism, pathogenesis and transmission route.
A Chemically Patterned Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device (C-µPAD) for Point-of-Care Diagnostics
Authors: Lam Trinh , Devadhasan Jasmine P. , Howse Ryan , Kim Jungkyu
Published: April 2017

A chemically patterned microfluidic paper-based analytical device (C-µPAD) is developed to create fluidic networks by forming hydrophobic barriers using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of trichlorosilane (TCS) on a chromatography paper. By controlling temperature, pattern size, and CVD duration, optimal conditions were determined by characterizing hydrophobicity, spreading patterns, and flow behavior on various sized fluidic patterns. With these optimal conditions, we demonstrated glucose assay, immunoassay, and heavy metal detection on well-spot C-µPAD and lateral flow C-µPAD. For these assays, standard curves showing correlation between target concentration and gray intensity were obtained to determine a limit of detection (LOD) of each assay. For the glucose assays on both well-spot C-µPAD and lateral flow C-µPAD, we achieved LOD of 13 mg/dL, which is equivalent to that of a commercial glucose sensor. Similar results were obtained from tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) detection with 3 ng/mL of LOD. For Ni detection, a colorimetric agent was immobilized to obtain a stationary and uniform reaction by using thermal condensation coupling method. During the immobilization, we successfully functionalized amine for coupling the colorimetric agent on the C-µPAD and detected as low as 150 μg/L of Ni. These C-µPADs enable simple, rapid, and cost-effective bioassays and environmental monitoring, which provide practically relevant LODs with high expandability and adaptability.