bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the operating parameters of electrocoagulation using aluminum electrode and application to the Dam waters of Sidi Said Ben Mâachou
Authors: Laabi Anass , Lekhlif Brahim , Elfoulani Abdellah Anouar , Mallil Elhassan
Published: April 2020

The objective of this work was to optimize electrocoagulation treatment parameters for the removal of colloidal suspension in dam water, reducing the cost and improving the quality of the treatment. For this purpose, we studied the impact of optimizing the volume of treated water and the agitation speed on the efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment of synthetic water simulating surface water. After the optimization of these parameters, we proceeded to apply it on the waters of the Sidi Said Ben Mâachou dam. The electrocoagulation test was realized in a batch reactor with two flat, parallel aluminum electrodes powered by a direct voltage of 12 V DC voltage. The ions released by electrolysis are stirred using a mechanical stirrer with flat blades. Performance monitoring was carried out using the following parameters: pH, conductivity, turbidity. The analysis of the various monitoring parameters showed that the performance of electrocoagulation is affected by the factors studied. The results obtained showed that intensive agitation of the solution leads to the destruction of the flocs, which subsequently minimizes the efficiency of the treatment.
Gender-based violence: a five-country, cross-sectional survey of health and social care students’ experience, knowledge and confidence in dealing with the issue
Authors: Bradbury-Jones Caroline , Hallett Nutmeg , Sammut Dana , Billings Helen , Hegarty Kelsey , Kishchenko Svetlana , Kuruppu Jacqueline , McFeely Clare , McGarry Julie , Sheridan Janie
Published: April 2020

Health and social care professionals are well placed to identify and respond to those affected by gender-based violence; yet students across a range of health disciplines describe a lack of knowledge, preparation and confidence in dealing with the issue. Our study aimed to explore health and social care students’ perceptions of their own knowledge and confidence on the subject of gender-based violence, recollections of gender-based violence learning opportunities through university and clinical placements, and opinions about the content of future e-learning curricula on the subject. We designed and implemented a multinational, cross-sectional survey across six universities from five countries: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand and Scotland. Responses were obtained from 377 students across seven health and social care disciplines. Principally, the study found that students were underprepared in their professional programmes in terms of dealing with gender-based violence. Many students had witnessed or heard about cases of gender-based violence on clinical placement, but reported feeling generally unconfident in dealing with the issue. Regarding future e-learning, students indicated that content should be inclusive and relate directly to clinical practice. We argue that there is a universal need for health care education programmes to include the issue of gender-based violence in curricula.
Adaptive optics corrections of scintillations of Hermite–Gaussian modes
in an oceanic medium
Authors: Baykal Yahya
Published: April 2020

Adaptive optics correction of the scintillation index is found when
Hermite–Gaussian laser beams are used in oceanic turbulence. Adaptive
optics filter functions are used to find how the tilt, focus,
astigmatism, coma, and total correction will behave under high order
mode excitation. Reduction of the oceanic scintillation under various
oceanic turbulence and system parameters is examined under different
high order modes. Also, the effects of the source size, wavelength,
and link length on the total adaptive optics correction of
Hermite–Gaussian modes in an oceanic medium are investigated for
different modes.
Tutorials as a novel service for the optics and photonics community: editorial
Authors: Busch Kurt
Published: April 2020

Editor-in-Chief Kurt Busch introduces tutorials as a new article type in JOSA B.
Lissajous scanned variable structured illumination for dynamic stereo depth map
Authors: Seo Yeong-Hyeon , Kim Hyunwoo , Yang Sung-Pyo , Hwang Kyungmin , Jeong Ki-Hun
Published: April 2020

Structured illumination plays an important role in advanced
photographic and microscopic imaging applications. Here we report
variable structured illumination (VSI) using Lissajous scanning
techniques. The variable structured illumination module comprises
Lissajous scanning micromirror and fiber-based diode pumped solid
state (DPSS) laser with intensity modulation, combined with a stereo
camera for dynamic stereo depth map. The micromirror projects static
and discrete patterns by modulating the intensity of a laser beam at
the least common multiple (LCM) of two scanning frequencies. The
pattern density is increased by either decreasing the greatest common
divisor (GCD) of scanning frequencies or decreasing the duty rate of
the laser modulation. The scanning amplitude also controls the
field-of-view (FOV) for the exact illumination of a target object for
dynamic stereo depth map. The variable structured illumination module
provides a new route for advanced imaging applications such as
high-quality depth map, super-resolution, or motion recognition.
Advanced Solid-State Lasers 2019: focus issue introduction
Authors: Sennaroglu Alphan , Goodno Gregory , Mirov Sergey , Nilsson Johan , Petersen Alan , Sorokina Irina , Taccheo Stefano
Published: April 2020

This joint issue of Optics Express and Optical Materials Express features 17 state-of-the art articles written by authors who participated in the international conference Advanced Solid-State Lasers held in Vienna, Austria, from September 29 to October 3, 2019. This introduction provides a summary of these articles that cover numerous areas of solid-state lasers from materials research to sources and from design to experimental demonstration.
Nota de Abertura
Authors: Garrido Álvaro , Amaro António Rafael
Published: April 2020

Nota de Abertura
Human capital, mechanisms of technological diffusion and the role of technological shocks in the speed of diffusion: evidence from a panel of Mediterranean countries
Authors: Duarte Maria Adelaide , Simões Marta
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this paper is to assess the importance of human capital as a facilitator of technological diffusion in a sample of developing Mediterranean countries based on the predictions of endogenous growth theory. The evidence does not support the Benhabib and Spiegel (2002) non-linear specification that accommodates both the hypothesis of technological convergence and convergence clubs but the linear specification originally proposed by Benhabib and Spiegel (1994), confirming a role for human capital in both innovation and imitation activities. We also tested the complementarity between FDI, a form of embodied technology diffusion, and human capital but this hypothesis was not confirmed and investigated the importance of human capital for the diffusion of ICT confirming it is fundamental to benefit from these technologies. Finally, we analysed the importance of technological shocks for technological diffusion using a VAR model finding evidence of factor complementarity between TFP, physical capital investment and human capital in the absorption of any of the shocks considered.
Notas Bibliográficas
Authors: Andrade João Sousa
Published: April 2020

Karl Popper, 2007
A modest proposal for resolving the eurozone crisis
Authors: Varoufakis Yanis , Holland Stuart , Galbraith James K.
Published: April 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183‑203X_41_1
Prognósticos de alterações nas vazões de base como meio de suporte ao gerenciamento de recursos hídricos
Authors: Ricardo Guilherme da Silva , Rafaeli Neto Sílvio Luís , Campos Cláudia Guimarães Camargo , Schina Bruno Álvaro
Published: April 2020

O efeito das mudanças climáticas pode ser observado nas fases do ciclo hidrológico das bacias hidrográficas. A fase escoamento subterrâneo é uma das mais importantes, pois é a responsável pelo escoamento de base nos cursos d’água em períodos de estiagem. Neste cenário, a captação de água a partir dos reservatórios subterrâneos deverá ser uma alternativa às demandas hídricas. Considerando a relevância da contribuição subterrânea no escoamento total em bacias hidrográficas, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos das mudanças climáticas no escoamento de base de uma bacia hidrográfica da região do centro oeste de Santa Catarina, por meio de evidências constatadas na variação futura (2020 a 2099) das vazões mínimas de referência Q98, Q95 e Q90 e da vazão básica média, em relação ao período base (1977 a 1990). Para isso, as projeções climáticas geradas pelo modelo climático regionalizado ETA-HadGEM2-ES para os cenários de mudanças climáticas RCP 4.5 (cenário intermediário) e RCP 8.5 (cenário pessimista), foram aplicadas ao modelo hidrológico HEC-HMS calibrado e validado. As projeções de vazões futuras foram avaliadas para períodos que correspondem aos futuros centrados em 2030, 2050, 2070 e 2090. No cenário mais crítico as projeções hidrológicas para o cenário RCP 8.5 resultaram em reduções percentuais significativas nas vazões de referência Q98 e Q95 para os períodos centrados em 2030 e 2050 quando comparadas ao período base. Apesar das reduções nas vazões mínimas de referência, a vazão básica média apresentou aumento percentual de 10,3% e 12,2% respectivamente. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo são relevantes para o planejamento e implementação antecipada de ações, com objetivo de reduzir os impactos futuros das mudanças climáticas sobre os recursos hídricos no nível de bacia hidrográfica.
State of the Science on Quality Indicators for Colonoscopy and How to Achieve Them
Authors: May Folasade P. , Shaukat Aasma
Published: April 2020

Colonoscopy is a safe and effective tool, but operator dependent. Room for improvement in the quality of colonoscopy is the impetus for the development and measurement of colonoscopy quality indicators and the focus of many efforts to improve colonoscopy quality indicator prevention and control in provider practices and health systems. We present the preprocedural, intraprocedural, and postprocedural quality indicators and benchmarks for colonoscopy. Every provider and practice must make a commitment to performing high-quality colonoscopy and implement and monitor quality metrics. There are a variety of tools available to assist in improving quality indicators that range from distal attachment devices to education and feedback. Although technology can help, it is not a substitute for proper technique. The commitment also requires provider feedback through audits and report cards. The impact of these efforts on patient outcomes is an important area of further research.
Entre mobilités et immobilités
Authors: Manetta Delphine
Published: April 2020

Fondé sur des recherches sur la mort dans des villages jàana du Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso, cet article envisage les frontières de la parenté en « termes spatiaux ». Il montre que ces frontières résultent de mobilités et d’immobilités féminines et masculines observables dans et depuis l’espace de la maison. Ces mobilités et ces immobilités font de la maison un lieu carrefour, qui se construit par des contacts et des mouvements questionnant la stabilité de l’alliance et, par-là même, la capacité de reproduction de la parenté dans l’espace et le temps. Elles ramifient l’intérieur de la maison à de multiples lieux extérieurs en situant la parenté dans un espace morcelé. La nature de ces lieux explique toutefois la localisation contingente des frontières spatiales de la parenté en dehors de l’enceinte domestique, mais aussi l’incertitude qui pèse toujours sur le devenir de la maison.
Comportamiento productivo y perfil metabólico de becerros suplementados con glicerina cruda
Authors: Pinzón-Díaz Carmen E. , Jiménez-Ocampo Rafael , Domínguez -Martínez Pablo A. , Gallegos-De la Hoya Mayela Patricia , Herrera-Torres Esperanza , Pámanes-Carrasco Gerardo A.
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el comportamiento productivo y perfil metabólico de 64 becerros (peso inicial 364 kg ± 5.9 kg) alimentados con cuatro dietas experimentales (16 animales por tratamiento) con la inclusión de glicerina cruda (GC) como reemplazo de grano de maíz. Las dietas contenían 0%, 5%, 15% y 25% de GC y fueron suministradas durante 90 días en un diseño completamente al azar. Los animales se pesaron cada 90 días. Se tomaron muestras de sangre antes del alimento de la mañana para el análisis de metabolitos séricos. La adición de GC no afectó las variables de comportamiento productivo (p > 0.05). La interacción nivel de GC por mes de muestreo fue significativa para la glucosa (p < 0.05). Sin embargo, la inclusión de GC no afectó las concentraciones de urea y triglicéridos (p > 0.05). La inclusión de glicerina en la dieta de rumiantes representa una alternativa energética cuando hay baja disponibilidad de maíz.
neurotic: Neuroscience Tool for Interactive Characterization
Authors: Gill Jeffrey P. , Garcia Samuel , Ting Lena H. , Wu Mengnan , Chiel Hillel J.
Published: April 2020

A software tool for synchronization of video with signals would be of broad general use to behavioral neuroscientists. A new program, calledneurotic(NEUROscience Tool for Interactive Characterization), allows users to review and annotate signal data synchronized with video, performs simple initial analyses including signal filtering and spike detection, is easy to use, and supports a variety of file formats. The program also facilitates collaborations by using a portable specification for loading and processing data and retrieving data files from online sources. Two examples are shown in which the software is used to explore experimental datasets with extracellular nerve or muscle recordings and simultaneous video of behavior. The configuration specification for controlling how data are located, loaded, processed, and plotted is also summarized. Algorithms for spike detection and burst detection are demonstrated. This new program could be used in many applications in which behavior and signals need to be analyzed together.
Lateralized Expression of Cortical Perineuronal Nets during Maternal Experience is Dependent on MECP2
Authors: Lau Billy Y. B. , Layo Dana E. , Emery Brett , Everett Matthew , Kumar Anushree , Stevenson Parker , Reynolds Kristopher G. , Cherosky Andrew , Bowyer Sarah-Anne H. , Roth Sarah , Fisher Delaney G. , McCord Rachel P. , Krishnan Keerthi
Published: April 2020

Cortical neuronal circuits along the sensorimotor pathways are shaped by experience during critical periods of heightened plasticity in early postnatal development. After closure of critical periods, measured histologically by the formation and maintenance of extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs), the adult mouse brain exhibits restricted plasticity and maturity. Mature PNNs are typically considered to be stable structures that restrict synaptic plasticity on cortical parvalbumin+ (PV+) GABAergic neurons. Changes in environment (i.e., novel behavioral training) or social contexts (i.e., motherhood) are known to elicit synaptic plasticity in relevant neural circuitry. However, little is known about concomitant changes in the PNNs surrounding the cortical PV+ GABAergic neurons. Here, we show novel changes in PNN density in the primary somatosensory cortex (SS1) of adult female mice after maternal experience [called surrogate (Sur)], using systematic microscopy analysis of a whole brain region. On average, PNNs were increased in the right barrel field and decreased in the left forelimb regions. Individual mice had left hemisphere dominance in PNN density. Using adult female mice deficient in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), an epigenetic regulator involved in regulating experience-dependent plasticity, we found that MECP2 is critical for this precise and dynamic expression of PNN. Adult naiveMecp2-heterozygous (Het) females had increased PNN density in specific subregions in both hemispheres before maternal experience, compared with wild-type (WT) littermate controls. The laterality in PNN expression seen in naive Het (NH) was lost after maternal experience in Sur Het (SH) mice, suggesting possible intact mechanisms for plasticity. Together, our results identify subregion and hemisphere-specific alterations in PNN expression in adult females, suggesting extracellular matrix plasticity as a possible neurobiological mechanism for adult behaviors in rodents.
GAD2 Expression Defines a Class of Excitatory Lateral Habenula Neurons in Mice that Project to the Raphe and Pontine Tegmentum
Authors: Quina Lely A. , Walker Andrew , Morton Glenn , Han Victor , Turner Eric. E.
Published: April 2020

The lateral habenula (LHb) sends complex projections to several areas of the mesopontine tegmentum, the raphe, and the hypothalamus. However, few markers have been available to distinguish subsets of LHb neurons that may serve these pathways. In order to address this complexity, we examined the mouse and rat LHb for neurons that express the GABA biosynthesis enzymes glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) and GAD2, and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT). The mouse LHb contains a population of neurons that express GAD2, while the rat LHb contains discrete populations of neurons that express GAD1 and VGAT. However, we could not detect single neurons in either species that co-express a GABA synthetic enzyme and VGAT, suggesting that these LHb neurons do not use GABA for conventional synaptic transmission. Instead, all of the neuronal types expressing a GABAergic marker in both species showed co-expression of the glutamate transporter VGluT2. Anterograde tract-tracing of the projections of GAD2-expressing LHb neurons inGad2Cremice, combined with retrograde tracing from selected downstream nuclei, show that LHb-GAD2 neurons project selectively to the midline structures in the mesopontine tegmentum, including the median raphe (MnR) and nucleus incertus (NI), and only sparsely innervate the hypothalamus, rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Postsynaptic recording of LHb-GAD2 neuronal input to tegmental neurons confirms that glutamate, not GABA, is the fast neurotransmitter in this circuit. Thus, GAD2 expression can serve as a marker for functional studies of excitatory neurons serving specific LHb output pathways in mice.
Network Architecture of Gap Junctional Coupling among Parallel Processing Channels in the Mammalian Retina
Authors: Sigulinsky Crystal L. , Anderson James R. , Kerzner Ethan , Rapp Christopher N. , Pfeiffer Rebecca L. , Rodman Taryn M. , Emrich Daniel P. , Rapp Kevin D. , Nelson Noah T. , Lauritzen J. Scott , Meyer Miriah , Marc Robert E. , Jones Bryan W.
Published: April 2020

Gap junctions are ubiquitous throughout the nervous system, mediating critical signal transmission and integration, as well as emergent network properties. In mammalian retina, gap junctions within the Aii amacrine cell-ON cone bipolar cell (CBC) network are essential for night vision, modulation of day vision, and contribute to visual impairment in retinal degenerations, yet neither the extended network topology nor its conservation is well established. Here, we map the network contribution of gap junctions using a high-resolution connectomics dataset of an adult female rabbit retina. Gap junctions are prominent synaptic components of ON CBC classes, constituting 5%–25% of all axonal synaptic contacts. Many of these mediate canonical transfer of rod signals from Aii cells to ON CBCs for night vision, and we find that the uneven distribution of Aii signals to ON CBCs is conserved in rabbit, including one class entirely lacking direct Aii coupling. However, the majority of gap junctions formed by ON CBCs unexpectedly occur between ON CBCs, rather than with Aii cells. Such coupling is extensive, creating an interconnected network with numerous lateral paths both within, and particularly across, these parallel processing streams. Coupling patterns are precise with ON CBCs accepting and rejecting unique combinations of partnerships according to robust rulesets. Coupling specificity extends to both size and spatial topologies, thereby rivaling the synaptic specificity of chemical synapses. These ON CBC coupling motifs dramatically extend the coupled Aii-ON CBC network, with implications for signal flow in both scotopic and photopic retinal networks during visual processing and disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElectrical synapses mediated by gap junctions are fundamental components of neural networks. In retina, coupling within the Aii-ON CBC network shapes visual processing in both the scotopic and photopic networks. In retinal degenerations, these same gap junctions mediate oscillatory activity that contributes to visual impairment. Here, we use high-resolution connectomics strategies to identify gap junctions and cellular partnerships. We describe novel, pervasive motifs both within and across classes of ON CBCs that dramatically extend the Aii-ON CBC network. These motifs are highly specific with implications for both signal processing within the retina and therapeutic interventions for blinding conditions. These findings highlight the underappreciated contribution of coupling motifs in retinal circuitry and the necessity of their detection in connectomics studies.
Endogenous metabolites promote stress resistance through induction of mitohormesis
Authors: Fischer Fabian , Ristow Michael
Published: April 2020

Interventions and small molecules, which promote formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), have repeatedly been shown to increase stress resistance and lifespan of different model organisms. These phenotypes occur only in response to low concentrations of ROS, while higher concentrations exert opposing effects. This non‐linear or hormetic dose–response relationship has been termed mitohormesis, since ROS are mainly generated within the mitochondrial compartment. A report by Matsumura et al in this issue of EMBO Reports now demonstrates that an endogenously formed metabolite, namely N‐acetyl‐L‐tyrosine (NAT), is instrumental in promoting cellular and organismal resilience by inducing mitohormetic mechanisms, likely in an evolutionarily conserved manner [1].
Innovative Approaches to Literary Texts (Children Literature on Inclusion)
Authors: Derkachova Olga , Tytun Oksana
Published: April 2020

The research deals with applying to innovative approaches to literary text. Inclusive books for children and ways of working with them at pedagogical faculties are considered. In our research, we will demonstrate the work with such books “Cripple Bunny and his brave mother” by Oksana Drachkovskaya, “Trustees for the Giraffe” by Oksana Luschevska and Yevhenia Haydamaka, “Just because” by Rebecca Elliott, “Magda and her Wind” by Iryna Morykvas, “Planet Willi” by Birta Müller, “Yes! I can!: The girl and her Wheelchair” KendryJ. Barrett, Jacqueline BiuToner, Kler A. Friland, Violet Limey and the trilogy on Pearl of Tuuli Pere. The main heroes of these books are children with disabilities and special educational needs. Narrators mostly are their elder or younger brothers or sisters. The reason of the choosing children’s literature on inclusion is that it is modern important literature, which demonstrates the world of children with disability and highlights such serious topics as decease and death. Its aim is to show that variety makes world wonderful and grate. The introduction of holographic design of vita technologies (calligarm, creative games, the pyramid of hero and author) is considered as well, the application of methods of critical thinking (mind-mapping, swot-analysis, six hats, Bloom’s taxonomy) in the analysis of fiction is substantiated. Potential online resources helping work with literature are examined. In addition, the possibilities of online resources (rebus, comics’ generator, the creating of mind maps, crosswords on different platforms) are determined as important part of the work with text. It has proved that such innovate approaches help to develop creative potential of students, allows analyzing literary text in a new way. Such approaches will be helpful in professional activity of teachers in primary school.
Gender Issue in the Ukrainian Language Teaching Techniques
Authors: Yermolenko Svitlana , Siroshtan Tetiana
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the present day problem of gender education of schoolchildren and students. It was found out, that in Ukraine the gender issue is only in the initial stage of study, although its interdisciplinary horizons are limitless. Relevance of the article is in the fact that the authors suggest studying the gender issue at the methodic level, namely through teaching syntax at the higher educational institutions. In order to achieve this aim the article provides brief characteristics of the gender issue in different aspects; the article is based upon the contemporary studies of the scientists who represent various social and linguistic sciences. The conceptualization of gender includes such cultural categories as masculinity and femininity, the process of the evolutional development of the oldest archetype opposition “man–woman”. The gender issue is directly connected with the language personality. Among the Ukrainian phraseological units there are a lot of such ones which stress the social status of men but not women. This fact lets us hope for the further study of the gender issue in the language teaching technique, namely at the level of syntax and text linguistics. First, it is an internal content of the texts proposed for scrutiny (gender education), and secondly, these are structural changes at the lexical and grammatical level (the use of words which denote jobs and professions in different functional styles), third, speech correction of both sexes representatives, and finally, the development of androgynous personality that combines the best of the social features of both sexes (love of children, patriotism, kindness, courage, compassion, sensitivity, courage, pragmatism, etc.). We consider the main principles of teaching Ukrainian syntax in the gender teaching technology as follows: dialogism, problematic, compliance with the age and individual characteristics of students, emotionality, psychology, gender identity principle. While looking for the ways to improve the language teaching techniques, especially in the field of syntax, teachers can make use of the proposed tasks at practical classes in higher educational institutions and at the lessons of Ukrainian in comprehensive schools.
Buscando los orígenes en El día señalado: la agricultura como respuesta a la violencia
Authors: Orrego Jaime A.
Published: April 2020

La novela El día señalado (1964), del escritor colombiano Manuel Mejía Vallejo, aborda con gran detalle el periodo de la Violencia, que se presentó con mayor intensidad entre 1946 y 1953. A pesar de haber sido publicada hace más de cincuenta años, esta novela aún es muy vigente porque el autor antioqueño se sale del amarillismo tan presente en las obras de la época, en las que se representa la violencia política bipartidista con una literatura un tanto “copiosa” y “tendenciosa” de filiación partidaria, cuyo objetivo era legitimar las acciones de uno u otro partido. Para Mejía Vallejo es más importante adentrarse más en la psicología de los personajes, y analizar y comparar la violencia desde un punto tanto individual como colectivo. En El día señalado, el autor antioqueño nos presenta un espacio que subyuga a sus habitantes y no les deja otro camino que la violencia. Este sometimiento se logra involucrando a los personajes directamente con esta circunstancia, como es el caso del gamonal, la policía y los guerrilleros que viven en la montaña; o excluyéndolos, como es el caso de la gran mayoría de los habitantes que siguen lo dictado colectivamente por temor violencia la guerra. En efecto, en esta novela, algunos de sus personajes buscan en su interior situaciones pasadas que lograron crear una comunidad. Así, el párroco del pueblo crea un proyecto reforestador que no solo saca a los personajes del ocio y la violencia que se ha mantenido en el pueblo, sino que también sirve de alegoría para una Colombia que hoy, varios años después de haber firmado los acuerdos de paz con las farc, ve cómo algunos de los excombatientes han encontrado, en sus orígenes rurales, una redención.
Construir la paz en Colombia: implicaciones del restablecimiento de la dignidad humana
Authors: Uribe Gonima Laura Alejandra , Velasco Vélez Laura Camila
Published: April 2020

Este ensayo manifiesta las implicaciones que se deben considerar para construir una paz estable y duradera en Colombia, tras la firma del acuerdo de paz entre el Gobierno Nacional y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (Farc-ep). Se precisa reconocer que no solo tienen injerencia y responsabilidad el Estado y los excombatientes, sino que es necesario hacer un llamado extensivo a toda la sociedad colombiana, con el fin de que se involucre en lo que respecta a la construcción de un nuevo proyecto de país. En ese orden de ideas, se plantea la paz como el proceso lento, extenso y complejo que necesita Colombia después de tantos años de dolor y sufrimiento de injusticia social imperante. Por consiguiente, la reconciliación se concibe como el restablecimiento mismo de la condición humana.
АНАЛІЗ РИЗИКІВ НЕЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ НА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ МАШИНОБУДУВАННЯ
Authors: АФАНАСЬЄВА Марина
Published: April 2020

Розглянуто ідентифікацію ризиків неефективності на прикладах 51 українського акціонерного машинобудівного підприємства у 2012–2017 рр. Як результуючий показник ефективності обрано додану вартість за факторами виробництва (ДВ), яка є джерелом доходів різних соціальних груп, що сприяє консолідації їх зусиль. Щоб підтримати прогресивні технології та менеджмент, а не екстенсивне захоплення ринку, запропоновано мультиплікативну модель ДВ, де її частка у випуску є оцінкою якісних процесів усередині підприємства. Проведено економічний аналіз щорічної публічної фінансової звітності та структурної статистики, щоб дослідити для основної операційної діяльності пропорції між елементами витрат в їх сумі та у зв’язку з прибутком у чистому доході від реалізації. У результаті запропоновано моделі двох типів коефіцієнта ризику. Їх верифіковано за допомогою статистичного аналізу. Дані перевірено на дотримання закону нормального розподілу за тестом Шапіро – Уілка і на однорідність за коефіцієнтом кореляції. У ході непараметричного дисперсійного аналізу за тестом Крускала – Уоліса доведено, що групи ризику статистично значимо відрізняються від інших підприємств і один від одного. На підставі рангових коефіцієнтів кореляції Спірмена виявлено статистично значущу сильну і помірно сильну залежність показника ДВ/випуск від належності підприємства до групи ризику першого або другого типу. Виявлено, що 37% підприємств вибірки є ризиковими, причому третина з них – це великі або середні компанії. Продемонстровано переваги методики порівняно з методом кластеризації Варда. Наша методика дозволяє виокремити більш вузьке коло проблемних підприємств. Зроблено висновок про те, що управлінські рішення щодо надання додаткових ресурсів варто перевіряти на предмет того, чи не є підприємство ризиковим за наданими алгоритмами. Для виправлення ситуації потрібно звертатися до концепції сталого розвитку.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНО-СТРУКТУРНІ МОДЕЛІ ЕНДОГЕННОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД ЯК ПЕРЕДУМОВА ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЇХ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ
Authors: ОЛЕКСЮК Ганна , ЛИСЯК Наталія , ПОПАДИНЕЦЬ Назарій
Published: April 2020

Охарактеризовано результати децентралізації влади та фінансів, що розпочалася в Україні у 2014 р. Кількісні та якісні показники функціонування об’єднаних територіальних громад (ОТГ) дають можливість провести дослідження, виявити позитивні та негативні аспекти і зробити відповідні висновки. На кінець 2018 р. в Україні створено 865 ОТГ, що охоплює лише 37% загальної території. Згідно з оцінкою фінансової спроможності створених ОТГ, близько 10% громад є неспроможними за показниками рівня дотаційності бюджету, питомої ваги видатків на утримання апарату управління у власних ресурсах, мають низькі власні доходи та капітальні видатки на 1 жителя. Показано актуальність аналізу складових соціально-економічного потенціалу ОТГ, виявлено резерви фінансової стійкості громад, які зможуть забезпечити сталий розвиток населених пунктів у майбутньому.Доведено, що юридичне та географічне перегрупування сіл, селищ і міст у нові ОТГ для забезпечення їх фінансової спроможності не завжди може бути ефективним, оскільки об’єднана громада – це єдиний комплекс природно-ресурсного багатства території, виробничо-господарського та інфраструктурного потенціалів, соціальної інфраструктури і показників якості життя мешканців.Розкрито, що для пошуку способів удосконалення управління громадою доцільно використати метод побудови концептуально-структурних моделей зазначених складових потенціалу ОТГ, які можуть бути сформовані за допомогою належних інвентаризації та оцінки майна і ресурсів, незалежно від їх юридичного статусу, господарського спрямування тощо, з використанням просторового планування та містобудівної документації, фінансово-господарських показників виробничого сектору. Визначено, що формування у такий спосіб програм і прогнозів соціально-економічного розвитку на коротко- і довгостроковий періоди забезпечує об’єктивність показників, реальність подолання фінансових дисбалансів, доцільність векторів розвитку громади, інвестиційні можливості та конкурентоспроможність ОТГ.
Geological and geomorphological objects of the Ukrainian Carpathians’ Beskid Mountains and their tourist attractiveness
Authors: Bayrak Galina R. , Teodorovych Larisa V.
Published: April 2020

The article explores the geological and geomorphological objects of the Beskidy Ukrainian Carpathians for the further creation of geo-tourist routes. Geo-tourist areas combining several geological and geomorphological objects and establishments of tourist in- frastructure are highlighted. Among those objects are Urytskyi, Yamelnytskyi, Skolivskyi, Syniovydnenskyi, Kliuch-Kamianka, Bubnyskyi. Geo-attractions of each area are described in detail: the morphological features of the objects, the structure of rocks composing them, the nature of the rocky surface, as well as the historical and cultural events associated with the objects. The estimation of the tourist attractiveness of geological and geomorphological objects within Beskid region of Ukrainian Carpathians is performed. For this purpose, an assessment methodology has been developed. The methodology is based on the following indicators: the number of geological and geomorphological objects, maximum heights, picturesque, spectacular (objects as an overview of the terrain), accessibility, scientific, cognitive, historical and cultural value, tourist infrastructure, popularity (the number of web pages that highlight search results). The attractive geo-objects’ attendance of each district by tourists has been taken into account. It is established that the geological and geomorphological objects of the Urytskyi tourist area of Beskyds are of a greatest at- tractiveness for the geo-tourism’ development (the general indicator of attractiveness is 8.4 points). It has a high historical and cultural value and the highest attendance. The second one is the Bubnyskyi geo-tourist area (7.2 points), where the largest amount of the highest and most spectacular rocks is located. In the third area of a great attractiveness for the development of geo-tourism is Kliuch-Kamianka (6.9 points), within which there is the larger number of various objects than in other regions and the highest online popularity and attendance. The attractiveness of the Skolivskyi geo-tourist district is estimated at 6.6 points. It has seven geo-attractions and is best equipped by the facilities of tourist infrastructure. The attractiveness of the Syniovydnenskyi geo-tourist area’s objects is 5.6 points. There are eight geo-attractions here, including outcrops of high scientific and cognitive value. The attractiveness of the Yamelnytskyi region is 4.0 points. There are many different morphological types of rocks here, but the tourist infrastructure is poorly developed. On the basis of the performed estimation of attractiveness, new geo-tourist hiking, bus and motor-cycle routes, including the described geological and geomorphological attractions of the above-mentioned geo-cultural regions of the Beskids, were proposed.
Giolitti. Il censo dello Stato de Aldo A. Mola
Authors: Morales Ruiz Juan José
Published: April 2020

Reseña de Giolitti. Il censo dello Stato de Aldo A. Mola, Santaarcangelo di Romagna (RN): Rusconi Libri S.p. A., 2019, 607 páginas. ISBN: 978-88-18-03335-9.
Emotional and Cognitive Responses to Academic Performance and Grade Anxiety
Authors: Marcus Mackenzie , Tomasi David
Published: April 2020

Background: This observational study of 75 participants presents an examination of the connection between cognitive and mood changes in connection to academic performance, grade anxiety, test anxiety, stress, and communication apprehension.

Objectives: This study examines the underlying mechanisms vs. driving forces behind the concept of ‘grade obsession’, as well as the internal and external factors affecting academic grades. Furthermore, the study analyzes the potential detrimental effects of grade obsession in psychological terms, specifically on self-esteem and overall mental health.

Method: Monitoring self-reported evaluation of received grades, perceived academic performance, and psycho-social components of academic effort and external vs. internal locus of control.

Results: The study indicates that test anxiety increased over the semester, although many students reported lower stress or anxiety in an open-ended survey question. Mathematics Anxiety (MA) and Test anxiety (TA) were positively correlated with the number of voluntary reassessments students attempted, while communication apprehension was negatively correlated.

 Conclusion: The findings suggest that standards-based grading is an assessment framework that can provide alternate methods for some students to demonstrate content mastery. While this study was conducted in mathematics courses, the findings on test anxiety are likely to extend to other disciplines.
The effect of hyaluronic acid on the changes in Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), leukocytes level, and bacteriocide effects among patients with Wagner 3 and 4 diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Kharisma Ida Bagus Anangga , Semadi I Nyoman , Widiana I Gede Raka
Published: April 2020

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has become a major public health problem. A significant complication of Diabetes Mellitus is the emergence of diabetic foot ulcers that require special treatment in healing. Hyaluronic Acid plays a role in cell proliferation and cell movement and is needed in the process of wound healing. The main goal of treatment of diabetic ulcers in the foot is to achieve wound closure as quickly as possible, prevent recurrence and amputation.Methods: A true experimental study with pre and post-test design has been conducted among 32 diabetic foot patients at Sanglah General Hospital which divided into 2 groups: Hyaluronic acid and NaCl 0.9% using consecutive techniques. The hyaluronic acid compared to NaCl 0.9% on MMP-1, leukocyte levels, and bacteriocide effects in patients with Wagner's diabetic foot 3 and 4 were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software for Windows.Results: The results showed that Hyaluronic Acid increased MMP-1 levels while NaCl 0.9% reduced MMP-1 levels significantly (P<0.05). Hyaluronic Acid was able to reduce leukocyte level significantly compared to NaCl 0.9% (P=0.006). A positive bacterial culture was also found markedly lesser in Hyaluronic Acid groups compared with NaCl 0.9% (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis using logistic and linear regression also showed significant differences in the MMP-1 and leukocyte level (P<0.001) and positive culture results using hyaluronic acids (OR: 0.020; 95% CI 0.003-0.166; P<0.001)Conclusion: These results suggest that MMP-1 levels and leukocyte levels differed significantly between Hyaluronic Acid and NaCl 0.9% used. Hyaluronic Acid can increase MMP-1 levels in Wagner 3 and 4 diabetic care. The results of positive culture with Hyaluronic Acid used are less than NaCl 0.9%.
Difficulties in the management of Klatskin Tumor: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Arifin Fransiscus
Published: April 2020

Background:Â  Tumours of the biliary tract are rare, and difficult to recognize in early stages. Due to its late presentation and the location of the tumour, a definite diagnosis is not always possible pre operatively. Therefore, some guidelines maintained that diagnosing these tumours may be made intraoperatively or post operatively , when tissue samples are available. We report a patient with jaundice and subsequently diagnosed as Klatskin tumour.Case Description : A 54 years old women came to our surgical clinic with the chief complaint of jaundice for 2 months. MRCP showed mass on the confluent of bile duct, infiltrating both right and left hepatic duct, with no evidence of metastasis or infiltration of portal vein. CEA and CA 19-9 were within normal limits. We found the tumor is clinically did not extend to the bile duct serosa, performed choledocotomy and biopsy of the tumor, requesting frozen section pathology evaluation. The result showed no malignancy. However due to the tumor showed clinical signs of malignancy and caused bile obstruction ,we decided to performed oncological resection of all involved bile ducts and dissection of lymphnodes, and bilateral hepaticojejunostomy bypass Roux en Y. The postoperative pathological evaluation showed an adenocarcinoma.Conclusion : Difficulties in diagnosing common bile duct malignancy lies in nonspecific clinical symptoms (abdominal discomfort, jaundice, weight loss) and obtaining pathological specimens. The later is due to difficult access to the tumor, while risking injury to adjacent organs. Tumor markers (Ca 19-9 and CEA) are not very sensitive or specific for bile duct malignancy (ranging from 60 to 80%). PositiveÂ  results of endoscopic cytology or biopsy range form 30-80%, and are not widely available in our settings. In our cases, when the general patient condition is good, laparotomy, intraoperative biopsy and subsequent resection if possible and neccessary is a possible approach in the management of possible bile duct malignancy. For clinical and radiological highly suspicious Klatskin tumor, exploratory laparotomy, intraoperative biopsy and intraoperative decision based on the findings may be justified. Surgeon must be prepared to perform all necessary procedure before attempting to do laparotomy.
The health condition profile of elderly migrants in Teluk-Bintuni West Papua, Indonesia: the importance of access to health services
Authors: Setyabudi Sumini , Setiadi Setiadi
Published: April 2020

Studies of migrants have frequently explored their importance in the workforce, but very few have investigated elderly migrants, despite the significant social and health risks they experience. This study, thus, details the health conditions of elderly migrants in Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua. Drawing on data from a socio-economic survey conducted between 2015 and 2016, this study analyzes the health of elderly migrants within the context of household conditions, access to health services, income, and education. This study finds that the majority of elderly migrants had experienced some symptoms of illness (headaches, nausea, coughing, etc.) in the last three months. Statistical testing of the above-mentioned variables indicate that elderly migrants' health condition is influenced by their income and access to health services.
Korelasi negatif kuat kadar prolaktin plasma yang rendah terhadap derajat keparahan melasma
Authors: Rahasia Angela Sandi Tagaroi , Wiraguna Anak Agung Gde Putra , Rusyati Luh Made Mas
Published: April 2020

Background: Melasma is a chronic cutaneous hypermelanosis in areas exposed to sunlight. Hormonal factors are known to influence melanogenesis processes such as prolactin as a neuroendocrine modulator in skin epithelial growth and immune system. This study aims to prove the inverse relationship between plasma prolactin levels and the severity of melasma.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 59 patients in the skin and genital olyclinic at Sanglah Hospital in Denpasar involving 46 subjects of melasma and 13 subjects who were not melasma who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Plasma prolactin levels were assessed by the Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 23 software with a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Plasma prolactin levels in patients with melasma were significantly lower than non-melasma patients (p <0.05). Patients with moderate and severe degrees of melasma had significantly lower plasma prolactin levels compared with mild degree of melasma (p <0.05). Low plasma prolactin levels can increase the likelihood of melasma by 4.79 times (PR 4.79; 95% CI = 0.94-24.27; p <0.05). Low plasma prolactin levels were significantly strong negative correlated with melasma severity (r = -0.820; p <0.05).Conclusion: There is a strong negative correlation of low plasma prolactin levels with the severity of melasma in patients with skin disorders at Sanglah General Hospital
Hubungan profil lipid dan C-reactive protein (CRP) dengan derajat stenosis koroner pada penyakit jantung koroner stabil
Authors: Noviyanti Katarina , Setiawan L Edward Kurnia
Published: April 2020

Background: Inflammation and dyslipidemia play an important role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). The stenosis degree indicates a visual evaluation of the percentage reduction of coronary diameter compare to normal coronary. This study aims to determine the correlation of lipid profiles, CRP with the stenosis degree in SCAD.Methods: Cross sectional study was carried in 31 patients with SCAD who had coronary angiography at Dr. Kariadi. The study used secondary data from February - March 2018 at Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Secondary data included levels of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides and CRP. The stenosis degree was obtained from coronary angiography in percentage units. Statistical analysis used Spearman Correlation test, p < 0,05 was considered significant.Result: Median (min-max) levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, CRP and stenosis degrees respectively are 156 (104-283), 41 (13-67), 102 (60-190), 116 (60- 216), 1.50 (0.50-6.54), 70 (20-100). Correlation of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and CRP levels with a degree of coronary stenosis are (r = 0.123; p = 0.511), (r = -0.132; p = 0.479), (r = 0.073; p = 0.697), (r = 0.117; p = 0.531), (r = 0.026; p = 0.891).Conclusion: There are no significant correlation between lipid profiles, CRP with stenosis degree in SCAD. The effect of statin drugs has an effect on dyslipidemia and as an anti-inflammatory.