bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, luminescence, and electrochemical studies of a new series of octanuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes of tolylterpyridine appended calixresorcarenes
Authors: Senthan Selvam Amudhan , Alexander Vedamanickam
Published: July 2015

A series of octanuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes of tolylterpyridine appended calixresorcarenes were synthesized and their luminescence and electrochemical properties were investigated.
Valle Agricola lentil, an unknown lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) seed from Southern Italy as a novel antioxidant and prebiotic source
Authors: Landi Nicola , Pacifico Severina , Piccolella Simona , Di Giuseppe Antonella M. A. , Mezzacapo Maria C. , Ragucci Sara , Iannuzzi Federica , Zarrelli Armando , Di Maro Antimo
Published: July 2015

In order to promote ‘Valle Agricola’ lentil a thorough investigation of its biochemical and nutritional properties has been carried out.
Discovery of 1,2,4-triazole-1,3-disulfonamides as dual inhibitors of mitochondrial complex II and complex III
Authors: Cheng Hua , Shen Yan-Qing , Pan Xia-Yan , Hou Yi-Ping , Wu Qiong-You , Yang Guang-Fu
Published: July 2015

1,2,4-Triazole-1,3-disulfonamide derivatives as dual function inhibitors of mitochondrial complex II (SQR) and complex III (cytbc1) were discovered.
Fluorescein isothiocyanate embedded silica spheres in gadolinium carbonate shells as novel magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence bi-modal contrast agents
Authors: Hu Wen-Yong , Liu Huan , Shao Yuan-Zhi
Published: July 2015

In this study, four bi-modal core-shelled contrast agents of SiO2(FITC)@Gd2O(CO3)2·H2O with varying shell thicknesses but the same cores have been prepared via a two-step wet chemistry method.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of triphenylamine-based multiply conjugated star-like molecules
Authors: Balasaravanan Rajendiran , Duraimurugan Kumaraguru , Sivamani Jayaraman , Thiagarajan Viruthachalam , Siva Ayyanar
Published: July 2015

Novel triphenylamine-based star-like molecules were synthesized and their photophysical properties in different solvents have been investigated.
Facile synthesis of magnetic carboxymethylcellulose nanocarriers for pH-responsive delivery of doxorubicin
Authors: Guo Xuejie , Xue Li , Lv Weizhong , Liu Qi , Li Rumin , Li Zhanshuang , Wang Jun
Published: July 2015

Multi-functional magnetic carboxymethylcellulose nanocarriers were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method.
An easy synthetic access to new pyrazole spiro derivatives from 3-amino-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one
Authors: Zaiter Jamila , Achibat Hanane , Amiri Ouafa , Hafid Abderrafia , Khouili Mostafa , Rakib El Mostapha , Neves Cláudia M. B. , Neves Maria Graça P. M. S. , Silva Artur M. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Faustino Maria Amparo F.
Published: July 2015

Pyrazole and pyrazolone moieties have shown important biological activities.
Template controlled synthesis of cluster-based porous coordination polymers: crystal structure, magnetism and adsorption
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Zhao , Wei Rong-jia , Li Bao , Zhang Tian-le , Tao Jun
Published: July 2015

By utilizing the template agent, pentaerythritol, a porous framework with dual tetra-nuclear codes has been successfully constructed, which also exhibits interesting magnetism and sorption properties.
A highly sensitive enzymeless glucose sensor based on 3D graphene–Cu hybrid electrodes
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Akbar Kamran , Vikraman Dhanasekaran , Choi Dong-Chul , Kim Seong Jun , An Ki-Seok , Jung Seunho , Jung Jongwan
Published: July 2015

We report a facile route to prepare the hybrid structure of 3 dimensional (3D) graphene and Cu and its uses for ultrahigh performance in enzymeless glucose detection.
An efficient catalyst-free Mukaiyama-aldol reaction of fluorinated enol silyl ethers with tryptanthrin
Authors: Liao Fu-Min , Liu Yun-Lin , Yu Jin-Sheng , Zhou Feng , Zhou Jian
Published: July 2015

We report an efficient Mukaiyama-aldol reaction of tryptanthrin with fluorinated enol silyl ethers, which is carried out in methanol without the use of any catalyst. This represents the first modification of tryptanthrin by a fluoroalkyl group, which is applied to the total synthesis of the difluoro analogues of the natural product Phaitanthrin B.
Diorganotin(iv) 2-pyridyl and 2-pyrimidyl thiolates: synthesis, structures and their utility as molecular precursors for the preparation of tin sulfide nanosheets
Authors: Tyagi Adish , Kedarnath G. , Wadawale Amey , Jain Vimal K. , Kumar Mukesh , Vishwanadh B.
Published: July 2015

Organotin complexes, [R2Sn(2-SC5H4N)2] and [R2SnCl{SC4H(Me-4,6)2N2}] (R = Me, Et) were prepared, characterized and utilized as ssps for the preparation of SnS nanosheets. The direct/indirect band gaps of the latter were evaluated.
A comprehensive review on the assessment of fuel additive effects on combustion behavior in CI engine fuelled with diesel biodiesel blends
Authors: Imdadul H. K. , Masjuki H. H. , Kalam M. A. , Zulkifli N. W. M. , Rashed M. M. , Rashedul H. K. , Monirul I. M. , Mosarof M. H.
Published: July 2015

Development in transport technology is a major issue owing to the increase the number of vehicles, which in turn increases emissions, which result in global warming.
Structural characteristics of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibiting amyloid Aβ42 aggregation and remodeling amyloid fibers
Authors: Liu Yun , Liu Yang , Wang Shihui , Dong Shengzhao , Chang Ping , Jiang Zhaofeng
Published: July 2015

To elucidate the structural requirements of EGCG analogs inhibiting Aβ42 protein aggregation and remodeling amyloid fibers, the interactions mechanism between Aβ42 and four EGCG analogs, EGCG, GCG, ECG and EGC, were investigated in this work.
Iodine catalyzed one-pot synthesis of highly substituted N-methyl pyrroles via [3 + 2] annulation and their in vitro evaluation as antibacterial agents
Authors: Balachandra Biguvu , Shanmugam Sivakumar , Muneeswaran Thillaichidambaram , Ramakritinan Muthiah
Published: July 2015

A new class of highly substituted pyrroles have been synthesizedviaa simple, fast, and efficient method using environmentally friendly iodine catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation.
Lipase catalyzed desymmetrization of roof shape cis-11,12-bis(hydroxymethyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene
Authors: Jain Nilesh , Bedekar Ashutosh V.
Published: July 2015

Biocatalyzed desymmetrization of roof shape meso cis-11,12-bis(hydroxymethyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene has been achieved.
Highly sensitive and selective detection of biothiols by a new low dose colorimetric and fluorescent probe
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Ding Shuangshuang , Zhai Qisong , Feng Guoqiang
Published: July 2015

A low dose colorimetric and fluorescent turn-on probe for highly selective and sensitive detection of biothiols was reported.
Hierarchical Cu0.27Co2.73O4/MnO2 nanorod arrays grown on 3D nickel foam as promising electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Ge Hongwei , Wang Chengxiang , Yin Longwei
Published: July 2015

Cu0.27Co2.73O4/MnO2 hybrid hierarchical nanostructure arrays directly on pressed nickel foam, with thin MnO2 nanoflakes homogeneously wrapped on Cu0.27Co2.73O4 nanorod arrays, are successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal and post heat-treatment method.
Vertically aligned, double-sided, and self-supported 3D WO3 nanocolumn bundles for low-temperature gas sensing
Authors: Qi J. J. , Gao S. , Chen K. , Yang J. , Zhao H. W. , Guo L. , Yang S. H.
Published: July 2015

A three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structure consisting of vertically aligned, double-sided, and self-supported WO3 nanocolumn bundles has been successfully synthesized via acid-assisted (HCl) hydrothermal process, which proves to be an excellent NO2-sensing material at a low operating temperature.
Unusual Li-ion storage through anionic redox processes of bacteria-driven tellurium nanorods
Authors: Kim Min Gyu , Kim Dong-Hun , Kim Taeyang , Park Sunhwa , Kwon Gukyoung , Kim Mi Sug , Shin Tae Joo , Ahn Hyungju , Hur Hor-Gil
Published: July 2015

Li-ion storage through an anionic redox process of biogenic tellurium nanorods to provide biogeochemistry with new insight into energy science.
Water desalination concept using an ionic rectifier based on a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)
Authors: Madrid Elena , Cottis Philip , Rong Yuanyang , Rogers Adrian T. , Stone James M. , Malpass-Evans Richard , Carta Mariolino , McKeown Neil B. , Marken Frank
Published: July 2015

A polymer with intrinsic microporosity, when immobilized into 20 μm pores, is shown to result in ionic rectification effects due to geometric asymmetry with potential for future applications in desalination.
Performance enhancement of quantum dot sensitized solar cells by adding electrolyte additives
Authors: Du Jun , Meng Xinxin , Zhao Ke , Li Yan , Zhong Xinhua
Published: July 2015

The parasitic charge recombination processes between TiO2/QDs/electrolyte interfaces were effectively suppressed with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) additive in polysulfide electrolyte, giving enhancement of PCE from 5.80% to 6.74% in the corresponding cell devices.
Porous cobalt–nitrogen-doped hollow graphene spheres as a superior electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction in both alkaline and acidic solutions
Authors: Yu Qiangmin , Xu Jiaoxing , Wan Chunying , Wu Chuxin , Guan Lunhui
Published: July 2015

Porous cobalt–nitrogen-doped hollow graphene spheres exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic performance, not only in alkaline solution, but also in acidic solution.
Self-assembled ultrathin titania nanosheets as blocking layers for significantly enhanced photocurrent and photovoltage of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhang Lu , Sun Hong , Xue Zhaosheng , Liu Bin , Wang Zhong-Sheng
Published: July 2015

To retard charge recombination efficiently in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), an ultrathin film of single-crystal titania nanosheets is pre-coated on a conductive substrate as a blocking layer through electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly.
Robust, metallic Pd17Se15and Pd7Se4phases from a single source precursor and their use as counter electrodes in dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Kukunuri Suresh , Karthick S. N. , Sampath S.
Published: July 2015

Thin films of conducting palladium selenide phases (Pd17Se15and Pd7Se4) are prepared using a single source molecular precursor by thermolysis.
Collagen-mimetic hydrogels promote human endothelial cell adhesion, migration and phenotypic maturation
Authors: Munoz-Pinto Dany J. , Guiza-Arguello Viviana R. , Becerra-Bayona Silvia M. , Erndt-Marino Josh , Samavedi Satyavrata , Malmut Sarah , Russell Brooke , Höök Magnus , Hahn Mariah S.
Published: July 2015

This work evaluates the response of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) to thromboresistant collagen-mimetic hydrogel coatings.
Reversible fluorescence switching and topochemical conversion in an organic AEE material: polymorphism, defection and nanofabrication mediated fluorescence tuning
Authors: Hariharan P. S. , Moon Dohyun , Anthony Savarimuthu Philip
Published: July 2015

2-(4-(Diphenylamino)-2-methoxybenzylidene) malononitrile (DPAMBM) exhibited polymorphism, topochemical conversion, external stimuli controlled fluorescence switching and gradual fluorescence tuning from 588 nm to 545 nm.
Rigidity-induced emission enhancement of network polymers crosslinked by tetraphenylethene derivatives
Authors: Kokado Kenta , Taniguchi Ryosuke , Sada Kazuki
Published: July 2015

Network polymers crosslinked by molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties exhibited rigidity-induced emission enhancement derived from restriction of intramolecular motions.
Role of Auditory Training in Intervention of Individuals With Cognitive Decline and Hearing Impairment
Authors: Krishnamurti Sridhar , Tingle Dianna , Bannon Hannah , Armstrong Molly
Published: July 2015

The role of auditory training in enhancement of auditory and cognitive function in aging individuals with hearing loss and cognitive decline is discussed in this article. Results of previous controlled studies and the current pilot (Angel Sound) support value for auditory training for these individuals.
Effects of substrate temperature on performance of calcium‐doped zinc oxide TFTs
Authors: Yu Wen , Han Dedong , Shi Pan , Cong Yingying , Zhang Yi , Dong Junchen , Zhou Xiaoliang , Huang Lingling , Cui Guodong , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Xing , Wang Yi
Published: July 2015

In this reported work, high‐performance fully transparent bottom‐gate‐type calcium‐doped zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (Ca–ZnO TFTs) have been successfully fabricated on glass substrate. The effects of substrate temperature during active layer deposition on the electrical properties of Ca–ZnO TFTs were investigated and an optimum condition (substrate temperature: 100°C) was achieved. The optimised thin‐film transistors (TFTs) exhibit excellent electrical properties, with an off‐state current (Ioff) of 1.31 × 10−12 A, an Ion/Ioff current ratio of 3.015 × 108, a saturation mobility (μsat) of 25 cm2/Vs and a threshold voltage (Vt) of 4.24 V. The variation trend of Vt, the Ion/Ioff current ratio and μsat against substrate temperatures is analysed in detail. The experimental results suggest that the performance of Ca–ZnO TFTs can be improved effectively by optimum substrate temperature.
Thru–reflect–line calibration for empty substrate integrated waveguide with microstrip transitions
Authors: Fernández Berlanga M.D. , Ballesteros Garrido J.A. , Martínez Cano L. , Esteban González H. , Belenguer Martínez Á.
Published: July 2015

In past years, a great number of substrate integrated circuits have been developed. Among these new transmission lines, the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) has received special attention. Although the quality factor and losses of these new integrated lines are better than the planar circuits, these characteristics are worst than in the case of waveguides, mainly due to the presence of dielectric substrate. To improve the performance of the integrated circuits, a new methodology for manufacturing the empty waveguides, without dielectric substrate, but at the same time completely integrated in a planar substrate, has been recently proposed, resulting in the novel empty SIW (ESIW). A low‐cost and easy to manufacture thru–reflect–line calibration kit for de‐embedding the effect of connectors and transitions when measuring ESIW devices is presented. Results prove the high quality of this calibration kit.
SIW horn antenna built on thin substrate with improved impedance matching
Authors: Sun Dongquan , Xu Jinping , Jiang Shu
Published: July 2015

Substrate‐integrated‐waveguide (SIW) horn antennas built on thin substrates (substrate thickness smaller than λ0/10) are not widely used owing to their low front‐to‐back ratio and the impedance mismatch between the aperture and the free space. A SIW horn antenna with metalised via holes in front of the aperture is proposed to deal with the issue of impedance mismatch. The metalised via holes introduce shunt inductance between the top and bottom metal planes of the SIW, which increases the impedance of the SIW and improves the impedance matching. Two prototypes working at the Ku band with via holes positioned differently are designed, manufactured and measured. The simulated and measured S‐ parameters, antenna gain and radiation patterns are presented.
Photonic crystal assisted multiband compact terahertz antenna on engineered silicon‐on‐insulator
Authors: Kumar Varun , Kumar Mukesh
Published: July 2015

A multiband compact terahertz antenna on silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) based on 1D photonic crystal is proposed. It is shown that the multi‐resonance of terahertz waves in a copper patch on SOI can be effectively controlled with photonic crystals on the patch. The proposed antenna is shown to work for 13 frequency bands with acceptably low return losses in terahertz regime. The photonic crystal assisted guiding of terahertz waves make it possible to offer a compact design with an improvement in the antenna characteristics. The calculated radiation efficiency and antenna‐gain at 20 THz are 88.1% and 8.6 dB, respectively, on a compact chip which is possible because of the enhanced interaction of electromagnetic fields with the copper patch
Performance evaluation of wireless optical communication for mobile body area network scenario with blocking effects
Authors: Chevalier Ludovic , Sahuguede Stephanie , Julien‐Vergonjanne Anne
Published: July 2015

Using wireless optical communication (WOC) to establish on‐body links constitutes a promising solution to address radiofrequency interference issues in body area network (BAN) especially concerning medical applications. Actually, this permits decreasing electromagnetic perturbations in the patient body environment. To evaluate WOC performance for BAN scenario, the authors investigate on‐body communication between a BAN node and the central unit placed on the patient which is supposed to be moving in a room. Considering a diffuse optical transmission scheme based on optical reflections over the environment, the authors propose an adapted, fast and simple method to determine the performance taking into account the presence of obstacles in the room. Thanks to this method, the authors evaluate the WOC outage probability assuming uniform node mobility on the patient body and patient mobility in the environment. The results permit discussing the WOC robustness according to the optical reflection properties of the blocking elements and show the WOC potentialities for mobile medical BAN scenario.
Flexible threshold selection and fault prediction method for health monitoring of offshore wind farm
Authors: Agarwal Deepshikha , Kishor Nand , Raghuvanshi Ajay Singh
Published: July 2015

The reliable operation of offshore wind farms requires suitable real‐time, automated and remote structural‐health monitoring of the wind farm using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for ensuring consistent power supply to the grid. This study presents a novel WSN packet‐size reduction technique using flexible thresholds for real‐time fault prediction in wind farms which is an extension to the authors work proposing application‐specific network‐lifetime enhancing tri‐level clustering and routing protocol for increasing the network lifetime. The selection of flexible threshold utilises the degree of correlation between data samples collected at different times of the day. Using combination‐summation and flow direction of received data, accurate fault prediction is achieved. The method is compared with the primitive mean method. The proposed method flexible threshold selection and fault prediction (FTSFP) provides a simple means for predicting real‐time fault occurrences in the towers and helps in reducing the message size considerably, thereby increasing the network lifetime of the system nearly by ten times. The results confirm that FTSFP has better fault‐prediction accuracy over the existing method.
Hierarchical networks of scientific journals
Authors: Palla Gergely , Tibély Gergely , Mones Enys , Pollner Péter , Vicsek Tamás
Published: July 2015

Academic journals are the repositories of mankind’s gradually accumulating knowledge of the surrounding world. Just as knowledge is organized into classes ranging from major disciplines, subjects and fields, to increasingly specific topics, journals can also be categorized into groups using various metric. In addition, they can be ranked according to their overall influence. However, according to recent studies, the impact, prestige and novelty of journals cannot be characterized by a single parameter such as, for example, the impact factor. To increase understanding of journal impact, the knowledge gap we set out to explore in our study is the evaluation of journal relevance using complex multi-dimensional measures. Thus, for the first time, our objective is to organize journals into multiple hierarchies based on citation data. The two approaches we use are designed to address this problem from different perspectives. We use a measure related to the notion of m-reaching centrality and find a network that shows a journal’s level of influence in terms of the direction and efficiency with which information spreads through the network. We find we can also obtain an alternative network using a suitably modified nested hierarchy extraction method applied to the same data. In this case, in a self-organized way, the journals become branches according to the major scientific fields, where the local structure of the branches reflect the hierarchy within the given field, with usually the most prominent journal (according to other measures) in the field chosen by the algorithm as the local root, and more specialized journals positioned deeper in the branch. This can make the navigation within different scientific fields and sub-fields very simple, and equivalent to navigating in the different branches of the nested hierarchy. We expect this to be particularly helpful, for example, when choosing the most appropriate journal for a given manuscript. According to our results, the two alternative hierarchies show a somewhat different, but also consistent, picture of the intricate relations between scientific journals, and, as such, they also provide a new perspective on how scientific knowledge is organized into networks.
Climate change presents increased potential for very large fires in the contiguous United States
Authors: Barbero R. , Abatzoglou J. T. , Larkin N. K. , Kolden C. A. , Stocks B.
Published: July 2015

Very large fires (VLFs) have important implications for communities, ecosystems, air quality and fire suppression expenditures. VLFs over the contiguous US have been strongly linked with meteorological and climatological variability. Building on prior modelling of VLFs (>5000 ha), an ensemble of 17 global climate models were statistically downscaled over the US for climate experiments covering the historic and mid-21st-century periods to estimate potential changes in VLF occurrence arising from anthropogenic climate change. Increased VLF potential was projected across most historically fire-prone regions, with the largest absolute increase in the intermountain West and Northern California. Complementary to modelled increases in VLF potential were changes in the seasonality of atmospheric conditions conducive to VLFs, including an earlier onset across the southern US and more symmetric seasonal extension in the northern regions. These projections provide insights into regional and seasonal distribution of VLF potential under a changing climate, and serve as a basis for future strategic and tactical fire management options.
Assessment of habitat fragmentation caused by traffic networks and identifying key affected areas to facilitate rare wildlife conservation in China
Authors: Zhang Lu , Dong Tian , Xu Weihua , Ouyang Zhiyun
Published: July 2015

Context Traffic network construction is an essential method for enhancing the effectiveness of economic activities, but it can have various negative impacts on rare wildlife. In China, the rate of road construction has increased by over 300% during the past decade; however, the resulting fragmentation of rare habitats at a national scale remains uncertain. Aims This study mainly aimed to evaluate the impacts of road and railway networks on the fragmentation of habitats of endangered species in China. Another aim is to identify the key areas and road sections where improvements to habitat connectivity and integrity are urgently required. Methods We documented habitat information for 21 indicator species on the basis of two comprehensive datasets and over 120 previous studies. We combined this information to simulate the habitats of all these species by integrating a conceptual model and expert knowledge. We calculated the rates of change on the basis of three geometric habitat patterns for each species in traffic-clearing scenarios and road- and railway-overlay scenarios. An optimal algorithm, the core-area zonation cell-removal rule, was used to identify rare habitats affected by severe traffic stress. Key results According to our analysis, we ranked the road density in the habitats of all species as a straightforward evaluation of transportation stress. Among the different species considered, snow leopard (Panthera uncia), Cabot’s tragopan (Tragopan caboti) and Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii) appeared to be affected most severely by road-induced fragmentation. In addition, we classified five patterns of habitat fragmentation among species to facilitate wildlife management. On the basis of the trade-off between road density and conservation value per unit, we identified 17 unit sets as key traffic-affected areas, including 40 highways, 62 national roads and 51 railway sections. Conclusions Our results suggested that assessing the distributions of several key species can be effective in evaluating the impacts of roads on rare-wildlife habitats in China. Our results also indicated that the habitats of narrowly distributed species, such as Chinese alligator and Sichuan partridge, have high traffic densities, but core habitat degradation is even more serious for the habitats of species with higher intrinsic mobility or greater area requirements. Finally, we suggest that future conservation programs and restoration efforts should concentrate on roads or railway sections in the key areas that we identified. Implications In the present study, we obtained spatially explicit findings related to the maintenance of rare wildlife in a region where wildlife-protection information is lacking. Our site-selection results can be used to allocate highly limited conservation resources in a more efficient and effective manner, to facilitate wildlife protection in this region.
Synthesis and degranulation-inhibiting activities of the proposed apteniols B, C, and G
Authors: Noshita Toshiro , Tai Akihiro , Nishikawa Hikaru , Ikeda Kaoru , Ouchi Hidekazu , Hamada Yoshitomo , Saito Akiko , Yamada Teiko
Published: July 2015

The synthesis of compounds with the structures proposed for the oxyneolignan apteniols B, C, and G is described. The diphenyl ether skeletons of the proposed apteniols were formed via Ullmann ether synthesis. In particular, the spectral data for the synthesized apteniols B, C, and G did not agree with those previously reported for the isolated compounds. Furthermore, the synthesized proposed apteniol B did not show degranulation-inhibiting activity, while the prepared proposed apteniols C and G exhibited activities considerably weaker than that of the methyl ester of proposed apteniol A.
Task-dependent modulation of word processing mechanisms during modified visual search tasks
Authors: Dampure Julien , Benraiss Abdelrhani , Vibert Nicolas
Published: July 2015

During visual search for words, the impact of the visual and semantic features of words varies as a function of the search task. This event-related potential (ERP) study focused on the way these features of words are used to detect similarities between the distractor words that are glanced at and the target word, as well as to then reject the distractor words. The participants had to search for a target word that was either given literally or defined by a semantic clue among words presented sequentially. The distractor words included words that resembled the target and words that were semantically related to the target. The P2a component was the first component to be modulated by the visual and/or semantic similarity of distractors to the target word, and these modulations varied according to the task. The same held true for the later N300 and N400 components, which confirms that, depending on the task, distinct processing pathways were sensitized through attentional modulation. Hence, the process that matches what is perceived with the target acts during the first 200 ms after word presentation, and both early detection and late rejection processes of words depend on the search task and on the representation of the target stored in memory.
Category forcings, 𝑀𝑀⁺⁺⁺, and generic absoluteness for the theory of strong forcing axioms
Authors: Viale Matteo
Published: July 2015

We analyze certain subfamilies of the category of complete boolean algebras with complete homomorphisms, families which are of particular interest in set theory. In particular we study the category whose objects are stationary set preserving, atomless complete boolean algebras and whose arrows are complete homomorphisms with a stationary set preserving quotient. We introduce a maximal forcing axiom

\textsf {MM}

+
+
+

\text {\textsf {MM}}^{+++}

as a combinatorial property of this category. This forcing axiom strengthens Martin’s maximum and can be seen at the same time as a strenghtening of Baire’s category theorem and of the axiom of choice. Our main results show that

\textsf {MM}

+
+
+

\text {\textsf {MM}}^{+++}

is consistent relative to large cardinal axioms and that

\textsf {MM}

+
+
+

\text {\textsf {MM}}^{+++}

makes the theory of the Chang model

L
(
[
\textrm {Ord}

]

≤

ℵ
1

)

L([\text {\textrm {Ord}}]^{\leq \aleph _1})

with parameters in

P
(

ω
1

)

P(\omega _1)

generically invariant for stationary set preserving forcings that preserve this axiom. We also show that our results give a close to optimal extension to the Chang model

L
(
[
\textrm {Ord}

]

≤

ℵ
1

)

L([\text {\textrm {Ord}}]^{\leq \aleph _1})

of Woodin’s generic absoluteness results for the Chang model

L
(
[
\textrm {Ord}

]

ℵ
0

)

L([\text {\textrm {Ord}}]^{\aleph _0})

and give an a posteriori explanation of the success forcing axioms have met in set theory.
The NIH BD2K center for big data in translational genomics
Authors: Paten Benedict , Diekhans Mark , Druker Brian J , Friend Stephen , Guinney Justin , Gassner Nadine , Guttman Mitchell , James Kent W , Mantey Patrick , Margolin Adam A , Massie Matt , Novak Adam M , Nothaft Frank , Pachter Lior , Patterson David , Smuga-Otto Maciej , Stuart Joshua M , Van’t Veer Laura , Wold Barbara , Haussler David
Published: July 2015

The world’s genomics data will never be stored in a single repository – rather, it will be distributed among many sites in many countries. No one site will have enough data to explain genotype to phenotype relationships in rare diseases; therefore, sites must share data. To accomplish this, the genetics community must forge common standards and protocols to make sharing and computing data among many sites a seamless activity. Through the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, we are pioneering the development of shared application programming interfaces (APIs) to connect the world’s genome repositories. In parallel, we are developing an open source software stack (ADAM) that uses these APIs. This combination will create a cohesive genome informatics ecosystem. Using containers, we are facilitating the deployment of this software in a diverse array of environments. Through benchmarking efforts and big data driver projects, we are ensuring ADAM’s performance and utility.
Consolidating CCDs from multiple data sources: a modular approach
Authors: Hosseini Masoud , Meade Jonathan , Schnitzius Jamie , Dixon Brian E
Published: July 2015

Background Healthcare providers sometimes receive multiple continuity of care documents (CCDs) for a single patient encompassing the patient’s various encounters and medical history recorded in different information systems. It is cumbersome for providers to explore different pages of CCDs to find specific data which can be duplicated or even conflicted. This study describes initial steps toward a modular system that integrates and de-duplicates multiple CCDs into one consolidated document for viewing or processing patient-level data.

Materials and Methods The authors developed a prototype system to consolidate and de-duplicate CCDs. The system is engineered to be scalable, extensible, and open source. Using a corpus of 150 de-identified CCDs synthetically generated from a single data source with a common vocabulary to represent 50 unique patients, the authors tested the system’s performance and output. Performance was measured based on document throughput and reduction in file size and volume of data. The authors further compared the output of the system with manual consolidation and de-duplication. Testing across multiple vendor systems or implementations was not performed.

Results All of the input CCDs was successfully consolidated, and no data were lost. De-duplication significantly reduced the number of entries in different sections (49% in Problems, 60.6% in Medications, and 79% in Allergies) and reduced the size of the documents (57.5%) as well as the number of lines in each document (58%). The system executed at a rate of approximately 0.009–0.03 s per rule depending on the complexity of the rule.

Discussion and Conclusion Given increasing adoption and use of health information exchange (HIE) to share data and information across the care continuum, duplication of information is inevitable. A novel system designed to support automated consolidation and de-duplication of information across clinical documents as they are exchanged shows promise. Future work is needed to expand the capabilities of the system and further test it using heterogeneous vocabularies across multiple HIE scenarios.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting during Acute Coronary Syndrome: Outcomes and Comparison of Off-Pump to Conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting at a Veteran Affairs Hospital
Authors: Emerson Dominic A. , Hynes Conor F. , Greenberg Michael D. , Trachiotis Gregory D.
Published: July 2015

Objective

The management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has evolved dramatically over the last 50 years. Currently, management includes a multidisciplinary approach potentially including catheter-based therapy, surgery, or purely medical management. Where surgical therapy is indicated, data regarding long-term outcomes are limited. In particular, little data exist regarding on-pump (conventional coronary artery bypass grafting, cCABG) versus off-pump (OPCABG) outcomes for this group.

Methods

A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was undertaken. Patients undergoing isolated CABG from January 2000 to December 2011 with ACS were identified (n = 271); non-ACS patients (n = 854) were established as a control. Data were analyzed with a χ2 or a t test, where appropriate. Survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Thirty-day mortality between the ACS and the control groups was similar; however, long-term mortality was worse for the ACS group ( P = 0.032; median follow-up, 5.5 years). Length of stay and composite morbidity were higher in the ACS group ( P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis of ACS patients (OPCABG vs cCABG) demonstrated worse preoperative comorbidities in the OPCABG group, but similar 30-day and long-term mortality. However, the cCABG group had higher rates of reoperation ( P = 0.034) and longer length of stay ( P = 0.017) and operative time ( P < 0.0001). Cox proportional hazards model was applied. Risk factors for the non-ACS cohort included age, diabetes, OPCABG, and ACS ( P < 0.05). Among the ACS cohort, only age remained a statistically significant factor ( P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

ACS appears to negatively impact long-term, but not short-term, mortality. Within the ACS group, OPCABG compares favorably to cCABG in the long-term and also improves short-term morbidity.
Ocean acidification increases fatty acids levels of larval fish
Authors: Díaz-Gil Carlos , Catalán Ignacio A. , Palmer Miquel , Faulk Cynthia K. , Fuiman Lee A.
Published: July 2015

Rising levels of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are acidifying the oceans and producing diverse and important effects on marine ecosystems, including the production of fatty acids (FAs) by primary producers and their transfer through food webs. FAs, particularly essential FAs, are necessary for normal structure and function in animals and influence composition and trophic structure of marine food webs. To test the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on the FA composition of fish, we conducted a replicated experiment in which larvae of the marine fish red drum (
Sciaenops ocellatus
) were reared under a climate change scenario of elevated CO
2
levels (2100 µatm) and under current control levels (400 µatm). We found significantly higher whole-body levels of FAs, including nine of the 11 essential FAs, and altered relative proportions of FAs in the larvae reared under higher levels of CO
2
. Consequences of this effect of OA could include alterations in performance and survival of fish larvae and transfer of FAs through food webs.
Fossilized spermatozoa preserved in a 50-Myr-old annelid cocoon from Antarctica
Authors: Bomfleur Benjamin , Mörs Thomas , Ferraguti Marco , Reguero Marcelo A. , McLoughlin Stephen
Published: July 2015

The origin and evolution of clitellate annelids—earthworms, leeches and their relatives—is poorly understood, partly because body fossils of these delicate organisms are exceedingly rare. The distinctive egg cases (cocoons) of Clitellata, however, are relatively common in the fossil record, although their potential for phylogenetic studies has remained largely unexplored. Here, we report the remarkable discovery of fossilized spermatozoa preserved within the secreted wall layers of a 50-Myr-old clitellate cocoon from Antarctica, representing the oldest fossil animal sperm yet known. Sperm characters are highly informative for the classification of extant Annelida. The Antarctic fossil spermatozoa have several features that point to affinities with the peculiar, leech-like ‘crayfish worms' (Branchiobdellida). We anticipate that systematic surveys of cocoon fossils coupled with advances in non-destructive analytical methods may open a new window into the evolution of minute, soft-bodied life forms that are otherwise only rarely observed in the fossil record.
Publishing South African scholarship in the global academic community
Authors: le Roux Elizabeth
Published: July 2015

South Africa's academic publishing history has been profoundly influenced by its colonial heritage. This is reflected in the publication of
Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society
(later, the Royal Society of South Africa) from 1878. Although the Society and journal sought to promote original research about South Africa, it was modelled after the Royal Society in London and formed part of an imperial scientific community. As the local higher education institutions grew more independent and research-focused, local scholarly publishing developed as well, with university presses playing an increasingly important role. The University of South Africa (Unisa) Press started publishing departmental journals in the 1950s, with a focus on journals that ‘speak to the student’, and it is today the only South African university press with an active journals publishing programme. As external funding declined and the country became intellectually isolated in the high apartheid period, the Press managed to attract journals that could no longer be subsidized by learned societies and other universities. More recently, new co-publishing arrangements have brought South African journals back into an international intellectual community. Although some argue that this constitutes a re-colonization of South African knowledge production, it is also an innovative strategy for positioning local research in a global context.
Fit for print: developing an institutional model of scientific periodical publishing in England, 1665–
ca
. 1714
Authors: Moxham N.
Published: July 2015

This paper explores the contested afterlife of
Philosophical Transactions
following the death of its founder, Henry Oldenburg. It investigates the complex interrelation between the institution and the periodical at a time when the latter was supposedly independent, and outlines the competing proposals for institutional publishing in science contemplated in the Royal Society, linking some publications that were actually attempted to those proposals and to the Society's attempts to revitalize its experimental programme between 1677 and 1687. It argues that the Society was concerned to produce experimental natural knowledge over which it could claim ownership, and intended this work for publication in other venues than
Transactions
, whereas the periodical was seen as a more suitable site for work reported to the Society than for research that the institution had primarily produced. It was only from the early 1690s, after the collapse of the Society's experimental programme, that
Transactions
gradually became a more straightforward reflection of the mainstream of Royal Society activity, paving the way for its formal reinvention as the official publication of the Society in 1752.
Study of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for finding exact analytical solutions
Authors: Khan Kamruzzaman , Akbar M. Ali , Koppelaar H.
Published: July 2015

Exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) are obtained via the enhanced (G′/G)-expansion method. The method is subsequently applied to find exact solutions of the Drinfel'd–Sokolov–Wilson (DSW) equation and the (2+1)-dimensional Painlevé integrable Burgers (PIB) equation. The efficiency of this method for finding these exact solutions is demonstrated. The method is effective and applicable for many other NPDEs in mathematical physics.
Yes, it turns: experimental evidence of pearl rotation during its formation
Authors: Gueguen Yannick , Czorlich Yann , Mastail Max , Le Tohic Bruno , Defay Didier , Lyonnard Pierre , Marigliano Damien , Gauthier Jean-Pierre , Bari Hubert , Lo Cedrik , Chabrier Sébastien , Le Moullac Gilles
Published: July 2015

Cultured pearls are human creations formed by inserting a nucleus and a small piece of mantle tissue into a living shelled mollusc, usually a pearl oyster. Although many pearl observations intuitively suggest a possible rotation of the nucleated pearl inside the oyster, no experimental demonstration of such a movement has ever been done. This can be explained by the difficulty of observation of such a phenomenon in the tissues of a living animal. To investigate this question of pearl rotation, a magnetometer system was specifically engineered to register magnetic field variations with magnetic sensors from movements of a magnetic nucleus inserted in the pearl oyster. We demonstrated that a continuous movement of the nucleus inside the oyster starts after a minimum of 40 days post-grafting and continues until the pearl harvest. We measured a mean angular speed of 1.27° min
−1
calculated for four different oysters. Rotation variability was observed among oysters and may be correlated to pearl shape and defects. Nature's ability to generate so amazingly complex structures like a pearl has delivered one of its secrets.
What's the catch? Validity of whaling data for Japanese catches of sperm whales in the North Pacific
Authors: Ivashchenko Yulia V. , Clapham Phillip J.
Published: July 2015

The failure of international efforts to manage commercial whaling was exemplified by revelations of large-scale illegal whale catches by the USSR over a 30 year period following World War II. Falsifications of catch data have also been reported for Japanese coastal whaling, but to date there has been no investigation of the reliability of catch statistics for Japanese pelagic (factory fleet) whaling operations. Here, we use data of known reliability from Soviet whaling industry reports to show that body lengths reported to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) by Japanese factory fleets for female sperm whales caught in the North Pacific are not credible. In 1968/1969, Japanese whaling fleets in the North Pacific killed 1568 females, of which 1525 (97.3%) were reported as being at or above the IWC's minimum length of 11.6 m (legal-sized females, LSFs). By contrast, Soviet fleets operating during this period killed 12 578 females; only 824 (6.6%) were LSFs. Adjusting for effort, catches of LSFs were up to 9.1 times higher for Japan compared with the USSR, and even higher for very large females. Dramatic differences in body length statistics were evident when both nations operated in the same area. Significantly, the frequency of LSFs and very large females in the Japanese catch markedly declined after the IWC's International Observer Scheme in 1972 made illegal whaling more difficult. We conclude that the Japanese length data reflect systematic falsification of catch statistics submitted to the IWC, with serious implications for the reliability of data used in current population assessments. The apparent ease with which catch data were falsified in the past underscores the necessity of transparent and independent inspection procedures in any future commercial whaling.
HOMO–LUMO gaps for sub-graphenic and sub-buckytubic species
Authors: Klein Douglas J. , Yang Yujun , Ye Dong
Published: July 2015

Many physico-chemical parameters of molecules are determined by or are dependent upon their HOMO–LUMO gaps, as has become of special interest for conjugated-carbon nano-structures obtained from graphene and its congeners. Here, we deduce an elegant yet simple upper-bound estimate to the HOMO–LUMO gaps for such molecular
π
-networks corresponding to connected subgraphs of graphene. The result elucidates the general situations (involving larger fragments) for which the HOMO–LUMO gap is small.
Homeobox transcription factor Six7 governs expression of green opsin genes in zebrafish
Authors: Ogawa Yohey , Shiraki Tomoya , Kojima Daisuke , Fukada Yoshitaka
Published: July 2015

Colour discrimination in vertebrates requires cone photoreceptor cells in the retina, and high-acuity colour vision is endowed by a set of four cone subtypes expressing UV-, blue-, green- and red-sensitive opsins. Previous studies identified transcription factors governing cone photoreceptor development in mice, although loss of blue and green opsin genes in the evolution of mammals make it difficult to understand how high-acuity colour vision was organized during evolution and development. Zebrafish (
Danio rerio
) represents a valuable vertebrate model for studying colour vision as it retains all the four ancestral vertebrate cone subtypes. Here, by RT-qPCR and
in situ
hybridization analysis, we found that
sine oculis
homeobox homolog 7 (
six7
), a transcription factor widely conserved in ray-finned fish, is expressed predominantly in the cone photoreceptors in zebrafish at both the larval and the adult stages. TAL effector nuclease-based
six7
knock-out revealed its roles in expression of green, red and blue cone opsin genes. Most prominently, the
six7
deficiency caused a loss of expression of all the green opsins at both the larval and adult stages.
six7
is indispensable for the development and/or maintenance of the green cones.
Pedobacter lignilitoris sp. nov., isolated from wood falls
Authors: Park Sooyeon , Park Ji-Min , Jung Yong-Taek , Won Sung-Min , Yoon Jung-Hoon
Published: July 2015

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated W-WS13T, was isolated from wood falls collected around Wando, an island in the South Sea of South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain W-WS13T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.5 and in the presence of 0.5 % NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain W-WS13T belonged to the genus Pedobacter, clustering robustly with the type strain of Pedobacter arcticus, sharing 95.9 % sequence similarity. Strain W-WS13T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 90.1–95.6 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Pedobacter. Strain W-WS13T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipid detected in strain W-WS13T was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain W-WS13T was 36.9 mol%. Phylogenetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties of strain W-WS13T revealed that the novel strain is separated from recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain W-WS13T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter lignilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W-WS13T ( = KCTC 42500T = CECT 8725T).