bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid and vaccine‐induced immunity against SAR‐CoV‐2 in MS patients on different disease‐modifying therapies
Authors: Kister Ilya , Curtin Ryan , Pei Jinglan , Perdomo Katherine , Bacon Tamar E. , Voloshyna Iryna , Kim Joseph , Tardio Ethan , Velmurugu Yogambigai , Nyovanie Samantha , Valeria Calderon Andrea , Dibba Fatoumatta , Stanzin Igda , Samanovic Marie I. , Raut Pranil , Raposo Catarina , Priest Jessica , Cabatingan Mark , Winger Ryan C. , Mulligan Mark J. , Patskovsky Yury , Silverman Gregg J. , Krogsgaard Michelle
Published: September 2022

Objective

To compare “hybrid immunity” (prior COVID‐19 infection plus vaccination) and post‐vaccination immunity to SARS CoV‐2 in MS patients on different disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) and to assess the impact of vaccine product and race/ethnicity on post‐vaccination immune responses.

Methods

Consecutive MS patients from NYU MS Care Center (New York, NY), aged 18–60, who completed primary COVID‐19 vaccination series ≥6 weeks previously were evaluated for SARS CoV‐2‐specific antibody responses with electro‐chemiluminescence and multiepitope bead‐based immunoassays and, in a subset, live virus immunofluorescence‐based microneutralization assay. SARS CoV‐2‐specific cellular responses were assessed with cellular stimulation TruCulture IFNγ and IL‐2 assay and, in a subset, with IFNγ and IL‐2 ELISpot assays. Multivariate analyses examined associations between immunologic responses and prior COVID‐19 infection while controlling for age, sex, DMT at vaccination, time‐to‐vaccine, and vaccine product.

Results

Between 6/01/2021 and 11/11/2021, 370 MS patients were recruited (mean age 40.6 years; 76% female; 53% non‐White; 22% with prior infection; common DMT classes: ocrelizumab 40%; natalizumab 15%, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor modulators 13%; and no DMT 8%). Vaccine‐to‐collection time was 18.7 (±7.7) weeks and 95% of patients received mRNA vaccines. In multivariate analyses, patients with laboratory‐confirmed prior COVID‐19 infection had significantly increased antibody and cellular post‐vaccination responses compared to those without prior infection. Vaccine product and DMT class were independent predictors of antibody and cellular responses, while race/ethnicity was not.

Interpretation

Prior COVID‐19 infection is associated with enhanced antibody and cellular post‐vaccine responses independent of DMT class and vaccine type. There were no differences in immune responses across race/ethnic groups.
Quantized output feedback resilient control of uncertain systems under hybrid cyber attacks
Authors: Yu Kun , Chang Xiao‐Heng
Published: September 2022

This article investigates the output feedback resilient control problem of an uncertain system with two quantized signals under hybrid cyber attacks. First, for uncertain systems, the output signal of the system and the output signal of the controller are quantized once by the quantizers before they are passed to the controller and the system respectively, thus affecting the signal with quantization error terms. At the same time, The adverse effects of hybrid cyber attacks, including denial‐of‐service attacks and deception attacks, are also taken into account during the signaling process. In this article, a guaranteed cost resilient controller design method is proposed for the above situation so that the closed‐loop system can be guaranteed to be stable or to meet the given performance index. In addition, by solving the given set of linear matrix inequalities, the design conditions for the relevant parameters required for the resilient controller can be obtained. Finally, the validity of the design method can be verified by simulation.
Magnetic Nanodroplets for Enhanced Deep Penetration of Solid Tumors and Simultaneous Magnetothermal‐Sensitized Immunotherapy against Tumor Proliferation and Metastasis
Authors: Wang Junrui , Zhang Wenli , Xie Zhuoyan , Wang Xingyue , Luo Ying , Jiang Weixi , Liu Yun , Wang Zhigang , Ran Haitao , Song Weixiang , Guo Dajing
Published: September 2022

The central cells of solid tumors are more proliferative and metastatic than the marginal cells. Therefore, more intelligent strategies for targeting cells with deep spatial distributions in solid tumors remain to be explored. In this work, a biocompatible nanotheranostic agent with a lipid membrane‐coated, Fe3O4 and perfluoropentane (PFP)‐loaded, cRGD peptide (specifically targeting the integrin αvβ3 receptor)‐grafted, magnetic nanodroplets (MNDs) is developed. The MNDs exhibit excellent magnetothermal conversion and controllable magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) through alternating magnetic field regulation. Furthermore, MHT‐mediated magnetic droplet vaporization (MDV) induces the expansion of the MNDs to transform them into ultrasonic microbubbles, increasing the permeability of tissue and the cell membrane via the ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique and thereby promoting the deep penetration of MNDs in solid tumors. More importantly, MHT not only causes apoptotic damage by downregulating the expression of the HSP70, cyclin D1, and Bcl‐2 proteins in tumor cells but also improves the response rate to T‐cell‐related immunotherapy by upregulating PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells, thus inhibiting the growth of both primary and metastatic tumors. Overall, this work introduces a distinct application of nanoultrasonic biomedicine in cancer therapy and provides an attractive immunotherapy strategy for preventing the proliferation and metastasis of deeply distributed cells in solid tumors.
High‐Performance Deep‐Blue OLEDs Harnessing Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Under Low Dopant Concentration
Authors: Chen Chia-Hsun , Li Yung-Shin , Fang Shao-Cheng , Lin Bo-Yen , Li Che-Yu , Liao Yu-Chan , Chen Deng-Gao , Chen Yi-Ru , Kung Yu-Cheng , Wu Chi-Chi , Lin Yulin , Hung Wen-Yi , Chiu Tien-Lung , Lin Chi-Feng , Li Elise Y. , Guo Tzung-Fang , Lee Jiun-Haw , Wong Ken-Tsung , Chou Pi-Tai
Published: September 2022

Organic blue emitters capable of proceeding triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) are of great importance for high‐efficiency blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, two deep‐blue emitters PAPE and PAPF with two diphenylanthracene (DPA) moieties linked by fluorene and ether, respectively, together with a single DPA model emitter PAPES are synthesized and characterized. Theoretical calculations indicate that the TTA mechanism of these materials is energetically favorable, which is evidenced by platinum octaethylporphyrin‐sensitized TTA‐upconversion (UC) study. The OLED devices employing o‐DiCbzBz host doped with a low concentration of (1%) PAPE and (3%) PAPF furnish superior maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) up to 7.3% and 7.2% and realize deep‐blue emissions with Commission International de L’Eclairge (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.05) and (0.15, 0.04), respectively, that outperform the model device doped with (1%) PAPES with EQEmax 4.12%. The delayed emission lifetimes from TTA of PAPE‐ and PAPF‐doped devices observed by the time‐resolved electroluminescence (EL) analyses are rather short. Fast TTA is observed with magneto‐electroluminescence, supporting the possibility of intramolecular TTA operation in the devices. This work manifests the potential of multichromophoric strategy to design fluorescent emitters that is able to boost the efficiency of deep‐blue OLEDs even with a low doping concentration.
Metal‐Free Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles with Trimethylamine Borane and TFA in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zeng Yao‐Fu , Li Yi‐Na , Zhou Ming‐Xi , Han Shuai , Guo Yu , Wang Zhen
Published: September 2022

A metal‐free hydrogenation of quinoxalines and indoles with Me3N ⋅ BH3 and TFA in water at room temperature is reported. The protocol is featured with the usage of environmentally friendly water as the solvent, no need of metal catalyst and broad substrate scope. Sensitive functional groups such as OH‐, NH2‐, Cl‐, Br‐, especially ‐CN and ‐CO2Me were well tolerated. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that TFA and Me3N ⋅ BH3 provided the proton and hydride sources for the product, respectively.

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A Model for Modulating Oxide Ion Transport with Endo‐Particles for Application in Energy Conversion
Authors: Dalton Stephen James , Neagu Dragos
Published: September 2022

Certain energy conversion processes are underpinned by the transport of oxide ions across materials, components, or interfaces. Examples include solid oxide fuel cells not only for power generation from hydrogen, but also chemical looping for hydrogen and syngas generation. Identifying new ways of enhancing oxide ion transport is thus required for advancing such technologies. Traditionally, this is achieved by doping or crystal lattice engineering but recent reports in these fields suggest a new approach, where oxide ion transport is potentially modulated through embedded (endo‐) nanoparticles. This is assumed to occur due to the strain that endo‐particles induce throughout the material. Here, a model is proposed to rationalize this effect, by constructing corresponding visual and numerical models of these experimental systems and calculating their respective volumetric strain and resulting conductivity enhancement. The proposed model indicates a strong correlation between ion conductivity enhancement and observed experimental data in these two different applications. This result demonstrates how nanoparticles may be harnessed within materials, to modulate oxide ion transport properties, beyond their traditional role as catalytic centers, which could inspire the design of new nanostructured oxide ion conductors for energy conversion applications.
“Going through the motions”: A qualitative exploration of the impact of emergency medicine resident burnout on patient care
Authors: Akhavan Arvin Radfar , Strout Tania D. , Germann Carl A. , Nelson Sara W. , Jauregui Joshua , Lu Dave W.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Burnout occurs frequently in emergency medicine (EM) residents and has been shown to have a negative impact on patient care. The specific effects of burnout on patient care are less well understood. This study qualitatively explores how burnout may change the way EM residents provide patient care.

Methods

Qualitative data were obtained from a sample of 29 EM residents in four semistructured focus groups across four institutions in the United States in early 2019. Transcripts were coded and organized into major patient care themes.

Results

Residents described many ways in which feelings of burnout negatively impacted patient care. These detrimental effects most often fit into one of four main themes: reduced motivation to care for patients, poor communication with patients, difficult interactions with health care colleagues, and impaired decision making.

Conclusions

According to EM residents, burnout negatively impacts several important aspects of patient care. Resident engagement with clinical care, communication with patients and colleagues, and clinical care may suffer as a result of burnout.
Water insecurity, self‐reported physical health, and objective measures of biological health in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Tallman Paula Skye , Collins Shalean M. , Chaparro M. Pia , Salmon‐Mulanovich Gabriela
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study examines the associations between water insecurity, self‐reported physical health, and objective measures of biological health among 225 Awajún adults (107 women; 118 men) living in the Peruvian Amazon, a “water‐abundant” region.

Methods

A survey, which included multiple measures of self‐reported physical health, and objective measures of biological health such as blood pressure and nutritional and immune biomarkers.

Results

Greater water insecurity was associated with multiple measures of self‐reported physical health, including higher incidence of reported diarrhea, nausea, back pain, headaches, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, overall poor perceived health, and “being sick.” These symptoms align with the physical strain associated with water acquisition and with drinking contaminated water. A significant association between higher water insecurity and lower systolic blood pressure emerged, which may be linked to dehydration. None of the other biomarkers, including those for nutrition, infection, and stress were significantly associated with water insecurity scores.

Conclusions

These analyses add to the growing body of research examining the associations between water insecurity and health. Biocultural anthropologists are well‐positioned to continue probing these connections. Future research will investigate relationships between measures of water insecurity and biomarkers for gastrointestinal infection and inflammation in water‐scarce and water‐abundant contexts.
Mesoporous N‐rich Carbon with Single‐Ni Atoms as a Multifunctional Sulfur Host for Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Li Yunxiang , Zeng Yinxiang , Chen Ye , Luan Deyan , Gao Shuyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: September 2022

Physicochemical confinement and catalytic conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are crucial to suppress the shuttle effect and enhance the redox kinetics of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. In this study, a NH4Cl‐assisted pyrolysis strategy is developed to fabricate highly mesoporous N‐rich carbon (designed as NC(p)) featuring thin outer shells and porous inner networks, on which single‐Ni atoms are anchored to form an excellent sulfur host (designed as Ni‐NC(p)) for Li‐S batteries. During pyrolysis, the pyrolytic HCl from confined NH4Cl within ZIF‐8 will in situ etch ZIF‐8 to produce rich mesoporous in the carbonized product NC(p). The mesoporous Ni‐NC(p) enables favorable electron/ion transfer, high sulfur loading, and effective confinement of LiPSs, while the catalytic effect of single‐Ni species enhances the redox kinetics of LiPSs. As a result, the sulfur cathode based on the Ni‐NC(p) host delivers obviously improved Li‐S battery performance with high specific capacity, good rate capability, and cycling stability.
Тhio‐containing pteridines: Synthesis, modification, and biological activity
Authors: Kazunin Maxim S. , Groma N. V. , Nosulenko Inna S. , Kinichenko Anna O. , Antypenko Oleksii M. , Shvets Volodymyr M. , Voskoboinik Oleksii Y. , Kovalenko Serhii I.
Published: September 2022

The present article is devoted to searching for biologically active agents among novel thio‐containing pteridines. Synthetic protocols based on the condensation of 5,6‐diamino‐2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones with dicarbonyl compounds were elaborated and used for the synthesis of target products. The directions for further modification of the obtained thio‐containing pteridines were substantiated and realized. The spectral properties of the obtained compounds were studied and described. The results of the in silico study revealed that the predicted affinity of the obtained compounds to the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) active site is comparable with the affinity of methotrexate, despite the differences in the nature of the ligand–enzyme interactions. The in vitro study of DHFR‐inhibiting activity revealed that the most active compounds 3.9 and 4.2 have lg IC50 values of −5.889 and −5.233, respectively, significantly inferior to methotrexate (lg IC50 = −7.605). Additionally, the synthesized compounds were studied for their antiradical activity as a possible mechanism of pharmacological effects. Among the obtained pteridines, compounds 5.1 (lg EC50 = −4.82) and 5.3 (lg EC50= −4.92) have antiradical activity higher than the reference compound ascorbic acid (lg EC50= −4.81). The conducted structure–activity relationship analysis provided valuable data for the further search for biologically active agents among thio‐containing pteridines and related compounds.
Copper‐Curcumin‐Bipyridine Dicarboxylate Complexes as Anticancer Candidates
Authors: Emami Fatemeh , Aliomrani Mehdi , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Kazemian Hossein , Moradi Mohammadmahdi , Rostami Mahboubeh
Published: September 2022

In this study, copper complexes with Curcumin (Cur) and 2,2’‐bipyridine‐5,5’‐dicarboxylic acid (BPYD) were synthesized and their cytotoxicity on the MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines was evaluated. The resulting complex was characterized using FTIR, UV/VIS, CHNS, TGA, ICP‐MS, and Mass spectroscopy techniques. The in‐vitro cytotoxicity was studied on the MDA‐MB‐231 as a cancerous cell line and the HUVEC as a normal cell line. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) test in the MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cell lines. The in‐vitro assays revealed that all synthesized copper complexes exhibited a higher cytotoxicity effect than carboplatin as a positive control on the MDA‐MB‐231 cells. While the synthesized complexes exhibited cytotoxic effects on cancerous cell lines, they are practically safe on normal cells. The Cu‐Cur‐BPYD complexes (a5 & b5) exhibited higher cytotoxicity on MDA‐MB‐231 cells with IC50s around 4.9 and 2.3 mM, respectively. It can be concluded that the synthesized Cu‐Cur‐BPYD complexes (a5 & b5) could be considered effective anticancer candidates in complementary studies.
Foam: Imparting Structure to Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Makhania Minaz , Upadhyayula Sreedevi
Published: September 2022

Ceramic and metallic foams have been the subject of research for decades due to their unique and useful properties. The application of foam as a catalytic support is being explored especially for highly endo‐ or exothermic reactions due to better heat transfer. The most widely used catalyst preparation method by wash‐coating for foam‐based catalysts has several drawbacks. Novel preparation methods are reported in the literature. This article provides a critical review of applications of solid foam in heterogeneous catalysis and performance comparison with conventional catalysts, preparation techniques of foam‐based catalysts and methods for performance modeling. The gaps in current research and recommendations to expand the use of foam‐based catalysts to a wider class of reactions by applying innovative methods outlined in the literature are identified. Perspectives on expanding the modeling with solid foam‐based catalysts are also presented.
Sticking the Landing: Enhancing Liposomal Cell Delivery using Reversible Covalent Chemistry and Caged Targeting Groups
Authors: Lou Jinchao , Qualls Megan L. , Best Michael D.
Published: September 2022

Liposomes are highly effective nanocarriers for encapsulating and delivering a wide range of therapeutic cargo. While advancements in liposome design have improved several pharmacological characteristics, an important area that would benefit from further progress involves cellular targeting and entry. In this concept article, we will focus on recent progress utilizing strategies including reversible covalent bonding and caging groups to activate liposomal cell entry. These approaches take advantage of advancements that have been made in complementary fields including molecular sensing and chemical biology and direct this technology toward controlling liposome cell delivery properties. The decoration of liposomes with groups including boronic acids and cyclic disulfides is presented as a means for driving delivery through reaction with functional groups on cell surfaces. Additionally, caging groups can be exploited to activate cell delivery only upon encountering a target stimulus. These approaches provide promising new avenues for controlling cell delivery in the development of next‐generation liposomal therapeutic nanocarriers.
Comparison of Oxygen Adsorption and Platinum Dissolution in Acid and Alkaline Solutions Using Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Strandberg Linnéa , Shokhen Victor , Luneau Mathilde , Lindbergh Göran , Lagergren Carina , Wickman Björn
Published: September 2022

Platinum (Pt) is a widely used electrocatalyst material in fuel cells and electrolysers. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and electrolysis operate under highly acidic conditions whereas the more recently developed anion exchange membrane (AEM) processes take place under alkaline conditions. Pt dissolution and Pt oxidation during operation and varying potentials has been studied mainly for the acidic PEM and less for the alkaline AEM. This study presents a comparison of Pt dissolution and Pt oxidation in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) on Pt thin films. Physical characterisation using electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed small, yet significant differences in the Pt film surface structure, which is related to differences in measured electrochemical surface area (ECSA). The mass increase from adsorption of oxygenated species and Pt oxidation is higher in alkaline conditions compared to in acid while dissolution of Pt is similar.
Continuous Charge Transport in Carbon Nitride Modulated by Interfacial Chemical Bond and Homophase Junction to Boost Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Jing , Luo Dan , Chen Xuebing , Luo Shuangmei , Yin Jincheng , Shi Ming , Li Rengui , Ye Sheng
Published: September 2022

Efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes is of key importance in photocatalysis. Tuning the charge separation pathway is significant but still suffering from low efficiency for the charge extraction from semiconductors. Herein, taking 2D g‐C3N4 (CN) nanosheets as a model photocatalyst, it was found the decoration of homophase junction between brookite TiO2 rods and nanoparticles (BN‐BR) onto CN can effectively modulate photogenerated charge extraction and transfer in BN‐BR/CN composites. The BN‐BR/CN exhibits a remarkably enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light irradiation (λ>420 nm) compared with the single component. A continuous electron transfer channel constructed by an interfacial chemical bond Ti−O−N between CN and brookite rods (BR) and BN‐BR homophase junction between brookite nanoparticles and rods was proposed to benefit the charge extraction and transfer. This work provides a strategy to tune the charge separation and transfer to facilitate the photocatalytic performance in heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Functionalized Cyanopyridines Yield an Anolyte with an Extremely Low Reduction Potential for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Vaid Thomas P. , Cook Monique E. , Scott Jessica D. , Borjesson Carazo Marino , Ruchti Jonathan , Minteer Shelley D. , Sigman Matthew S. , McNeil Anne J. , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: September 2022

Cyanopyridines and cyanophenylpyridines were investigated as anolytes for nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). The three isomers of cyanopyridine are reduced at potentials of −2.2 V or lower vs. ferrocene+/0 (Fc+/0), but the 3‐CNPy⋅− radical anion forms a sigma‐dimer that is re‐oxidized at E≈−1.1 V, which would lead to poor voltaic efficiency in a RFB. Bulk electrochemical charge‐discharge cycling of the cyanopyridines in acetonitrile and 0.50 M [NBu4][PF6] shows that 2‐CNPy and 4‐CNPy lose capacity quickly under these conditions, due to irreversible chemical reaction/decomposition of the radical anions. Density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that adding a phenyl group to the cyanopyridines would, for some isomers, limit dimerization and improve the stability of the radical anions, while shifting their E1/2 only about +0.10 V relative to the parent cyanopyridines. Among the cyanophenylpyridines, 3‐CN‐6‐PhPy and 3‐CN‐4‐PhPy are the most promising as anolytes. They exhibit reversible reductions at E1/2=−2.19 and −2.22 V vs. ferrocene+/0, respectively, and retain about half of their capacity after 30 bulk charge‐discharge cycles. An improved version of 3‐CN‐6‐PhPy with three methyl groups (3‐cyano‐4‐methyl‐6‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)pyridine) has an extremely low reduction potential of −2.50 V vs. Fc+/0 (the lowest reported for a nonaqueous RFB anolyte) and loses only 0.21 % of capacity per cycle during charge‐discharge cycling in acetonitrile.
Stereoconvergent Synthesis of Z‐1,3‐Disubstituted‐1,3‐Dienes by Uphill Photocatalysis
Authors: Diver Steven T. , Glickert Elise , Rohde Laurence N. , Wild Thérèse
Published: September 2022

A variety of 1‐aryl‐1,3‐dienes were isomerized from E to Z isomers by photocatalysis using Ru(bpy)3[PF6]2 and blue LED light. Enrichment of the Z‐isomer is thought to occur by selective triplet energy transfer from the photocatalyst to the stereoisomeric mixture. The 1,3‐diene starting materials are easily made by catalytic ene‐yne metathesis (EYM). To access 1,3‐diene Z‐stereoisomers directly, a one pot procedure was developed. Additional 1,3‐dienes were investigated for both isomerization and Z‐enrichment. The combination of cross EYM with photocatalysis allows for the stereoconvergent synthesis of Z‐1,3‐dienes.
The Carbon Corrosion Resistance of Mesoporous PtIr Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu Mingtao , Wang Qian , Li Yunqi
Published: September 2022

As the main degradation mechanism, carbon corrosion behavior plays an important role to deteriorate the durability and lifetime of PEMFCs. For addressing the issue, we synthesized a novel type of mesoporous PtIr alloy catalyst through the self‐assembled composite micelles made of PS‐b‐P2VP‐b‐PEO triblock copolymer and metal acid ions (PtCl62− and IrCl62−). The strength of large ECSA and high limited current density on PtIr85 : 15 and PtIr75 : 25 catalysts could be attributed to the uniformly ordered mesoporous structure. It is beneficial to the sufficient exposure of reactive sites and the diffusion of reactants and products. The corresponding PtIr/C alloy catalysts were obtained to deposit PtIr alloys on Vulcan XC 72R. After stress cycling, the increase rate of double‐layer capacitance is the slowest on PtIr75 : 25/C and keeps the minimum values. Moreover, the increase speed of Q/HQ peak is also associated with the increased Ir content in catalyst. Here, incorporation with Ir atom has been proved as an effective method to protect the carbon corrosion behaviors.
Unsupervised learning for financial statement fraud detection using manta ray foraging based convolutional neural network
Authors: Singh Yadav Ajit Kumar , Sora Marpe
Published: September 2022

Financial statement fraud detection is a significant topic and a challenging task related to countless applications such as financial sectors, insurance, government agencies, law enforcement and so on. This article presents an unsupervised learning model to identify the financial fraud statements using the hybrid convolutional neural network. The fraud detection scheme can be performed using a few stages: data preprocessing, sampling, feature extraction, feature selection, clustering, and classification methods. The preprocessing and sampling processes are used to clean and recognize duplicate data. Then, the proposed model analyzes both text features and financial variables to provide the best classification of financial statement fraud. In this article, a new fuzzy red deer's algorithm is proposed for selecting the optimal feature set, which can improve the classification accuracy of the fraud prediction model. Subsequently, an adaptive density based clustering (ADBC) approach is introduced for labeling the selected features through the clustering process. Finally, the fraud statements are predicted by proposing a hybrid CNN‐MRFO model wherein the hyperparameters of the CNN model are optimized through the MRFO learning algorithm. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of accuracy (98.85%), precision (98.62%) and F‐measure (99.32%).
Formation and Surface Behavior of Pt and Pd Complexes with Ligand Systems Derived from Nitrile‐functionalized Ionic Liquids Studied by XPS
Authors: Hemmeter Daniel , Paap Ulrike , Taccardi Nicola , Mehler Julian , Schulz Peter S. , Wasserscheid Peter , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter
Published: September 2022

We studied the formation and surface behavior of Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with ligand systems derived from two nitrile‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) in solution using angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). These ligand systems enabled a high solubility of the metal complexes in IL solution. The complexes were prepared by simple ligand substitution under vacuum conditions in defined excess of the coordinating ILs, [C3CNC1Im][Tf2N] and [C1CNC1Pip][Tf2N], to immediately yield solutions of the final products. The ILs differ in the cationic head group and the chain length of the functionalized substituent. Our XPS measurements on the neat ILs gave insights in the electronic properties of the coordinating substituents revealing differences in donation capability and stability of the complexes. Investigations on the composition of the outermost surface layers using ARXPS revealed no surface affinity of the nitrile‐functionalized chains in the neat ILs. Solutions of the formed complexes in the nitrile ILs showed homogeneous distribution of the solute at the surface with the heterocyclic moieties preferentially orientated towards the vacuum, while the metal centers are rather located further away from the IL/vacuum interface.
Towards π‐wires on a semiconductor surface: Benzyne on Si(001)
Authors: Glaser T. , Tripp M. , Luy J.‐N. , Tonner‐Zech R. , Koert U. , Dürr M.
Published: September 2022

Towards the goal of covalently bound molecular wires on silicon, the adsorption of benzyne on Si(001) was studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and density functional calculations (DFT). The benzyne molecule is found to adsorb preferentially via the strained triple bond on one dimer of the Si(001) surface which results in an intact π system covalently bound to the surface. With increasing coverage, the molecules primarily adsorb along the dimer rows; on stepped surfaces, these molecular wires are all oriented in the same direction.
Probing Electronic Symmetry Reduction during Charge Migration via Time‐Resolved X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Tremblay Jean Christophe , Blanc Ambre , Krause Pascal , Giri Sucharita , Dixit Gopal
Published: September 2022

The present work focuses on probing ultrafast charge migration after symmetry‐breaking excitation using ultrashort laser pulses. LiCN is chosen as prototypical system because it can be oriented in the laboratory frame and it possesses optically‐accessible charge transfer states at low energies. The charge migration is simulated within the hybrid time‐dependent density functional theory/configuration interaction framework. Time‐resolved electronic current densities and simulated time‐resolved x‐ray diffraction signals are used to unravel the mechanism of charge migration. Our simulations demonstrate that specific choices of laser polarization lead to a control over the symmetry of the induced charge migration. Moreover, time‐resolved x‐ray diffraction signals are shown to encode transient symmetry reduction at intermediate times.
Stability analysis and design of floating load voltage‐controlled current sources
Authors: Pandiev Ivailo M.
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the structure and techniques for frequency compensation of the floating load voltage‐controlled current sources employing power operational amplifiers (op‐amps), as active building blocks. Based on the performed theoretical analysis, conditions for self‐oscillation are determined, and an approach for introducing frequency compensation in a predetermined bandwidth is proposed. The obtained analytical expressions, as well as some additional conditions, are the basis of the proposed design procedure. The practical applicability of the proposed procedure has been tested by designing and analyzing sample electronic circuits of floating load voltage‐to‐current converters.
Long‐distance dispersal by a male sub‐adult tiger in a human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Hussain Zehidul , Ghaskadbi Pallavi , Panchbhai Pramod , Govekar Ravikiran , Nigam Parag , Habib Bilal
Published: September 2022

Conservation of wide‐ranging species and their movement is a major challenge in an increasingly fragmented world. Long‐distance movement, such as dispersal, is a key factor for the persistence of population, enabling the movement of animals within and between populations. Here, we describe one of the longest dispersal journeys by a sub‐adult male tiger (Panthera tigris) through GPS telemetry in Central India. We analyzed movement metrics, directionality, and space use during three behavioral stages of dispersal. We also used the clustering method to identify resting and kill sites (n = 89). T1‐C1 dispersed a straight‐line distance of 315 km over 225 days, moving an average of 8.38 km/day and covering a cumulative displacement of ~3000 km. Movement rate during post‐dispersal was faster (mean = 0.47 km/h) than during dispersal (mean = 0.38 km/h) and pre‐dispersal (mean = 0.13 km/h), respectively. The overall movement rate during the night (0.44 km/h) was significantly faster than during the day (0.21 km/h). Likewise, during dispersal, the movement was faster (mean = 0.52 km/h) at night than day (0.24 km/h). The average size of clusters, signifying resting and kill sites, was 1.68 ha and primarily away from human habitation (mean = 1.89 km). The individual crossed roads faster (mean = 2.00 km/h) than it traveled during other times. During the post‐dispersal phase, T1‐C1 had a space use of 319.48 km2 (95% dBBMM) in the Dnyanganga Wildlife Sanctuary. The dispersal event highlights the long‐distance and multiscale movement behavior in a heterogeneous landscape. Moreover, small forest patches play a key role in maintaining large carnivore connectivity while dispersing through a human‐dominated landscape. Our study underlines how documenting the long‐distance movement and integrating it with modern technology can improve conservation management decisions.
Simple statistical models can be sufficient for testing hypotheses with population time‐series data
Authors: Wenger Seth J. , Stowe Edward S. , Gido Keith B. , Freeman Mary C. , Kanno Yoichiro , Franssen Nathan R. , Olden Julian D. , Poff N. LeRoy , Walters Annika W. , Bumpers Phillip M. , Mims Meryl C. , Hooten Mevin B. , Lu Xinyi
Published: September 2022

Time‐series data offer wide‐ranging opportunities to test hypotheses about the physical and biological factors that influence species abundances. Although sophisticated models have been developed and applied to analyze abundance time series, they require information about species detectability that is often unavailable. We propose that in many cases, simpler models are adequate for testing hypotheses. We consider three relatively simple regression models for time series, using simulated and empirical (fish and mammal) datasets. Model A is a conventional generalized linear model of abundance, model B adds a temporal autoregressive term, and model C uses an estimate of population growth rate as a response variable, with the option of including a term for density dependence. All models can be fit using Bayesian and non‐Bayesian methods. Simulation results demonstrated that model C tended to have greater support for long‐lived, lower‐fecundity organisms (K life‐history strategists), while model A, the simplest, tended to be supported for shorter‐lived, high‐fecundity organisms (r life‐history strategists). Analysis of real‐world fish and mammal datasets found that models A, B, and C each enjoyed support for at least some species, but sometimes yielded different insights. In particular, model C indicated effects of predictor variables that were not evident in analyses with models A and B. Bayesian and frequentist models yielded similar parameter estimates and performance. We conclude that relatively simple models are useful for testing hypotheses about the factors that influence abundance in time‐series data, and can be appropriate choices for datasets that lack the information needed to fit more complicated models. When feasible, we advise fitting datasets with multiple models because they can provide complementary information.
Engineering Ferroelectric Interlayer between Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 and Lithium Metal for Stable Solid‐State Batteries Operating at Room Temperature
Authors: Gu Tian , Chen Likun , Huang Yanfei , Ma Jiabin , Shi Peiran , Biao Jie , Liu Ming , Lv Wei , He Yanbing
Published: September 2022

The poor contact and side reactions between Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) and lithium (Li) anode cause uneven Li plating and high interfacial impendence, which greatly hinder the practical application of LATP in high‐energy density solid‐state Li metal batteries. In this work, a multifunctional ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO)/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P[VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE]) composite interlayer (B‐TERB) is constructed between LATP and Li metal anode, which not only suppresses the Li dendrite growth, but also improves the interfacial stability and maintains the intimate interfacial contact to significantly decrease the interfacial resistance by two orders of magnitude. The B‐TERB interlayer generates a uniform electric field to induce a uniform and lateral Li deposition, and therefore avoids the side reactions between Li metal and LATP achieving excellent interface stability. As a result, the Li/LATP@B‐TERB/Li symmetrical batteries can stably cycle for 1800 h at 0.2 mA cm−2 and 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2. The solid‐state LiFePO4/LATP@B‐TERB/Li full batteries also exhibit excellent cycle performance for 250 cycles at 0.5 C and room temperature. This work proposes a novel strategy to design multifunctional ferroelectric interlayer between ceramic electrolytes and Li metal to enable stable room‐temperature cycling performance.
Improved Compound Correction‐Electrical Equivalent Circuit Modeling and Double Transform‐Unscented Kalman Filtering for the High‐Accuracy Closed‐Circuit voltage and State‐of‐Charge Co‐Estimation of Whole‐Life‐Cycle Lithium‐Ion batteries
Authors: Wang Shunli , Takyi-Aninakwa Paul , Yu Chunmei , Jin Siyu , Fernandez Carlos
Published: September 2022

For complex energy storage conditions, it is necessary to monitor the state‐of‐charge (SOC) and closed‐circuit voltage (CCV) status accurately for the reliable power supply application of lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, an improved compound correction‐electrical equivalent circuit modeling (CC‐EECM) method is proposed by considering the influencing effects of ambient temperature and charge–discharge current rate variations to estimate the CCV. Then, an improved adaptive double transform‐unscented Kalman filtering (ADT‐UKF) method is constructed with recursive sampling data correction to estimate the nonlinear SOC. A dynamic window function filtering strategy is constructed to obtain the new sigma point set for the online weighting coefficient correction. For a temperature range of 5–45 °C, the CCV for the improved CC‐EECM responds well with a maximum error of 0.008608 V, and the maximum SOC estimation error is 6.317%. The proposed ADT‐UKF method improves the CCV and SOC estimation reliability and adaptability to the time‐varying current rate, temperature, and aging factors.
Atrazine characterization: An update on uses, monitoring, effects, and environmental impact, for the development of regulatory policies in Argentina
Authors: Gagneten Ana M. , Regaldo Luciana , Carriquiriborde Pedro , Reno Ulises , Kergaravat Silvina V. , Butinof Mariana , Agostini Hernan , Alvarez Melina , Harte Agustin
Published: September 2022

Atrazine (ATZ) is the third most widely used herbicide in Argentina (10 000 t year−1) and is approved for sugar cane, flax, corn, sorghum, and tea. An assessment of the ATZ environmental impacts was conducted at the request of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Argentina. A review of 541 national and international technical and scientific reports and a survey among agricultural technicians, applicators, and producers was done. The survey revealed that 94% of ATZ applications are terrestrial and use diversion exists, associated mainly with soybean cultivation. Atrazine was reported at high frequencies (50%–100%) in surface and groundwater, sediments, and soils, sometimes exceeding permitted limits. Several sublethal effects induced by ATZ on invertebrate and vertebrate species were found, sometimes at concentrations lower than those in water quality guidelines (<3 µg L−1) or the environmental concentrations found in Argentina. Available epidemiological or human health studies of local populations are extremely scarce. This assessment also demonstrated that herbicides are ubiquitous in the environment. The investigation highlights the need for further studies assessing the adverse effects of ATZ on local species, ecosystems, and human health. Therefore, the precautionary principle is recommended to promote better application standards and product traceability to reduce volumes entering the environment and to avoid use deviation. In addition, this work concluded that there is a need for reviewing the toxicological classification, establishing buffer zones for ATZ application, introducing specific management guidelines, and expanding local studies of toxicity, ecotoxicity, and human epidemiology for environmental and health risk assessments. This study could also serve as a preliminary risk evaluation for establishing a final regulatory action and for considering ATZ inclusion in Annex III of the Rotterdam Convention. Finally, the requirements to consider its inclusion in Annex A (Elimination) or B (Restriction) of the Stockholm Convention were evaluated and discussed, and information on the potential of long-range transport was the only criterion with no information to consider. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:684–697. © 2022 SETAC
Lung ultrasonography findings of coronavirus disease 2019 patients: Comparison between primary and secondary regions of China
Authors: Han Jing , Yang Xi , Xu Wei , Jin Ronghua , Meng Sha , Ding Lei , Zhang Yuan , Hu Xing , Liu Weiyuan , Li Haowen , Meng Fankun
Published: September 2022

Background

An unexplained pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, China in December 2019, later identified and named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This study aimed to compare the ultrasonographic features of the lung between patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan (the primary region) and those in Beijing (the secondary region) and to find the value of applying ultrasound in COVID‐19.

Methods

A total of 248 COVID‐19 cases were collected, including long‐term residents in Wuhan (138), those who had a short‐term stay in Wuhan (72), and those who had never visited Wuhan (38). Ultrasound examination was performed daily; the highest lung ultrasound score (LUS) was the first comparison point, while the LUS of the fifth day thereafter was the second comparison point. The differences between overall treatment and ultrasonography of left and right lungs among groups were compared.

Results

The severity decreased significantly after treatment. The scores of the groups with long‐term residence and short‐term stay in Wuhan were higher than those of the group that had never been to Wuhan.

Conclusion

Ultrasonography is effective for dynamic monitoring of COVID‐19. The ultrasonographic features of patients in the Wuhan area indicated relatively severe disease. Thus, Wuhan was the main affected area of china.
What can we learn from the analysis of the fine wines market efficiency?
Authors: Ameur Hachmi Ben , Ftiti Zied , Le Fur Eric
Published: September 2022

This study analyzes the efficiency hypothesis for three major wine indices using different parametric and non‐parametric tests for the short and long‐term horizons. Based on monthly data over the period 2003–2019, our analysis identifies two main findings. First, in the short term, there is market inefficiency allowing for investment and diversification opportunities and a need for greater market transparency. Second, the spread between wine markets and financial markets can disappear in the long term, that is, there is a long‐run relationship that is relatively compatible with efficiency, except for the Bordeaux Legends 50 index. This implies greater efficiency and therefore better information and fewer investment and diversification opportunities.
Weak sequenceability in cyclic groups
Authors: Costa Simone , Della Fiore Stefano
Published: September 2022

A subset of an abelian group is sequenceable if there is an ordering of its elements such that the partial sums , given by and for , are distinct, with the possible exception that we may have . In the literature there are several conjectures and questions concerning the sequenceability of subsets of abelian groups, which have been combined and summarized by Alspach and Liversidge into the conjecture that if a subset of an abelian group does not contain 0 then it is sequenceable. If the elements of a sequenceable set do not sum to 0 then there exists a simple path in the Cayley graph such that . In this paper, inspired by this graph–theoretical interpretation, we propose a weakening of this conjecture. Here, under the above assumptions, we want to find an ordering whose partial sums define a walk of girth bigger than (for a given ) and such that . This is possible given that the partial sums and are different whenever and are distinct and . In this case, we say that the set is ‐weakly sequenceable. The main result here presented is that any subset of is ‐weakly sequenceable whenever or when does not contain pairs of type and .
Circulating long non‐coding RNA Coromarker expression correlated with inflammation, coronary artery stenosis, and plaque vulnerability in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Liu Gang , Hu Xun , Li Yi , Long Ming
Published: September 2022

Background

The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between circulating long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) OTTHUMT00000387022 (named Coromarker) expression and disease severity, inflammatory cytokine levels, and plaque vulnerability in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

A total of 134 participants who received coronary angiography were enrolled and classified them as CAD patients (N = 89) and controls (N = 45). Blood samples were obtained from all subjects. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate Coromarker expression. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent test was used to measure inflammatory cytokines including high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and markers of coronary plaque stability including matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP‐9) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L). The severity of coronary stenosis was determined from the Gensini Score.

Results

LncRNA Coromarker expression was elevated to a greater extent in CAD patients than in control subjects before and after adjustments for age/gender (both p < 0.001); it was an independent predictor of CAD risk (area under curve: 0.824, 95% CI: 0.732–0.915). Additionally, Coromarker expression was significantly associated with Gensini Score (r = 0.574, p < 0.001), hsCRP (r = 0.221, p = 0.015), IL‐1β (r = 0.351, p < 0.001), IL‐6 (r = 0.286, p < 0.01), and NLRP3 levels (r = 0.312, p < 0.001). Coromarker expression was found to be linked with MMP‐9 (r = 0.260, p < 0.01) and sCD40L (r = 0.441, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Circulating lncRNA Coromarker expression correlates with increased disease severity and inflammation as well as plaque vulnerability in patients with CAD.