bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in factors predicting post‐treatment opioid use
Authors: Davis Jordan P. , Eddie David , Prindle John , Dworkin Emily R. , Christie Nina C. , Saba Shaddy , DiGuiseppi Graham T. , Clapp John D. , Kelly John F.
Published: January 2021

Background and aims

Several reports have documented risk factors for opioid use following treatment discharge, yet few have assessed sex differences, and no study has assessed risk using contemporary machine learning approaches. The goal of the present paper was to inform treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) by exploring individual factors for each sex that are most strongly associated with opioid use following treatment.

Design

Secondary analysis of Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) database with follow‐ups at 3, 6 and 12 months post‐OUD treatment discharge, exploring demographic, psychological and behavioral variables that predict post‐treatment opioid use.

Setting

One hundred and thity‐seven treatment sites across the United States.

Participants

Adolescents (26.9%), young adults (40.8%) and adults (32.3%) in treatment for OUD. The sample (n = 1,126) was 54.9% male, 66.1% white, 20% Hispanic, 9.8% multi‐race/ethnicity, 2.8% African American and 1.3% other.

Measurement

Primary outcome was latency to opioid use over 1 year following treatment admission.

Results

For women, regularized Cox regression indicated that greater withdrawal symptoms [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.31], younger age (HR = 0.88), prior substance use disorder (SUD) treatment (HR = 1.11) and treatment resistance (HR = 1.11) presented the largest hazard for post‐treatment opioid use, while a random survival forest identified and ranked substance use problems [variable importance (VI) = 0.007], criminal justice involvement (VI = 0.006), younger age (VI = 0.005) and greater withdrawal symptoms (VI = 0.004) as the greatest risk factors. For men, Cox regression indicated greater conduct disorder symptoms (HR = 1.34), younger age (HR = 0.76) and multiple SUDs (HR = 1.27) were most strongly associated with post‐treatment opioid use, while a random survival forests ranked younger age (VI = 0.023), greater conduct disorder symptoms (VI = 0.010), having multiple substance use disorders (VI = 0.010) and criminal justice involvement (VI = 0.006) as the greatest risk factors.

Conclusion

Risk factors for relapse to opioid use following opioid use disorder treatment appear to be, for women, greater substance use problems and withdrawal symptoms and, for men, younger age and histories of conduct disorder and multiple substance use disorder.
A pilot trial of collaborative care with motivational interviewing to reduce opioid risk and improve chronic pain management
Authors: Borsari Brian , Li Yongmei , Tighe Jennifer , Manuel Jennifer K. , Gökbayrak N. Simay , Delucchi Kevin , Morasco Benjamin J. , Abadjian Linda , Cohen Beth E. , Baxley Catherine , Seal Karen H.
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims

Opioid use and chronic pain are prevalent in the veteran population. Collaborative care enhances coordination between patients and their care teams, and motivational interviewing (MI) is a communication style designed to facilitate behavior change. This study evaluated the use of collaborative care with MI (CCMI) with patients with chronic pain and high‐risk prescription opioid use.

Design

Small pilot study of a randomized controlled trial.

Setting

An urban Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center in the United States.

Participants

One hundred adult veterans with chronic pain currently enrolled into primary care and receiving long‐term opioid therapy.

Intervention and Comparator

During an initial 1‐hour visit with a study primary‐care physician (PCP), all veterans (n = 100) developed a personalized pain care plan, after which they were randomized to receive four sessions (at 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks) of either CCMI (n = 51) or attention control psychoeducation (ACP; n = 49). Subsequently, participants had 30‐minute follow‐up visits with study PCPs and post‐treatment assessment at 12 weeks.

Measurements

Co‐primary outcomes measures assessed opioid risk and pain interference; secondary measures assessed pain severity, PCP rating of opioid risk and pain management goals.

Findings

At 12 weeks, intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analyses using multivariate mixed‐effects linear regression were inconclusive regarding the between‐group differences in primary and secondary outcomes at post‐intervention (12 weeks). Bayes factors for opioid risk, pain interference, pain severity and PCP ratings were 1.96, 1.36, 0.45 and 0.82, respectively. Veterans in the CCMI group reported implementing more complementary integrative health (CIH) goals (e.g. yoga) than did those in the ACP group (d = 0.54).

Conclusions

US veterans with chronic pain who received collaborative care with motivational interviewing reduced their high‐risk opioid use and showed improved pain interference and severity after an intake with a primary‐care provider involving shared decision‐making and the creation of a personalized pain care plan.
Co‐development of alcohol use problems and antisocial peer affiliation from ages 11 to 34: selection, socialization and genetic and environmental influences
Authors: Brislin Sarah J. , Clark D. Angus , Heitzeg Mary M. , Samek Diana R. , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt , Hicks Brian M.
Published: January 2021

Background and aims

Social context is an important factor in determining the developmental trajectory of alcohol use. We examined the co‐development between alcohol use problems and antisocial peer affiliation. We also estimated the genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use problems, antisocial peer affiliation and their co‐development over time.

Design

Longitudinal study using bivariate latent basis models with structured residuals (LBM‐SR). A biometric model was then fitted to estimate the genetic and environmental influences on the growth factors and their covariances.

Setting

The United States mid‐west region.

Participants

Members of the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS), an ongoing, longitudinal study of 3762 (52% female) twins (1881 pairs).

Measurements

Alcohol use problems were assessed using a composite measure of average number of drinks per occasion in the past 12 months, maximum number of drinks in 24 hours and DSM‐III‐R symptoms of alcohol abuse and dependence. Antisocial peer affiliation was measured by self‐report of the proportion of one's friends who exhibited types of antisocial behaviors.

Findings

The LBM‐SR model revealed that there was a large correlation between the growth factors for alcohol use problems and antisocial peer affiliation [r = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76, 0.80] and cross‐lagged effects consistent with both selection and socialization effects. Additionally, antisocial peer affiliation in adolescence was associated with greater increases in alcohol use problems over time (r = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.54, 0.60). Genetic influences largely accounted for the association between antisocial peer affiliation in pre‐adolescence and growth in alcohol use problems, while shared environmental influences accounted for the correlation between antisocial peer affiliation and alcohol use problems growth factors.

Conclusions

Antisocial peer affiliation in adolescence appears to be a salient, genetically influenced risk factor for early alcohol use and increase in alcohol use from adolescence to young adulthood.
Dependence on nicotine in US high school students in the context of changing patterns of tobacco product use
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Brown Jamie , Jarvis Martin J.
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim

There have been substantial recent changes in youth tobacco product use in the United States—including, notably, a rapid increase in use of e‐cigarettes. It is not known whether, and if so how far, these changes are reflected in levels of nicotine dependence. This study used data from a large, nationally representative sample of US adolescents to (i) estimate the annual prevalence of nicotine dependence in relation to current use of tobacco products, (ii) describe trends in dependence over time and (iii) evaluate whether the increase in youth use of tobacco products has been paralleled by a similar increase in the population burden of nicotine dependence.

Design

Secondary analysis of National Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted annually, 2012–19.

Setting

United States.

Participants

A total of 86 902 high school students.

Measurements

Prevalence of (i) strong cravings to use tobacco in the past 30 days and (ii) wanting to use nicotine products within 30 minutes of waking, in relation to type of product used (cigarettes, other combustible tobacco, smokeless tobacco, e‐cigarettes).

Findings

Between 2012 and 2019 there was a marked decline in past 30‐day cigarette smoking and a surge in use of e‐cigarettes. Different products were associated with differing levels of nicotine dependence, with cigarettes characterized by highest dependence (strong craving 42.3%; wanting to use within 30 minutes 16.8% among exclusive users in 2019) and e‐cigarettes in otherwise tobacco‐naive students by low dependence (16.1 and 8.8% respectively in 2019). The overall 33.8% increase in population use of nicotine products between 2012 and 2019 (from 23.2 to 31.2%) was not accompanied by an equivalent increase in overall population burden of dependence {percentage reporting craving 10.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.8–12.2%] in 2012 and 9.5% (95% CI = 7.5–12.0%) in 2019; wanting to use within 30 minutes 4.7% (95% CI = 4.0–5.5%) in 2012, 5.4% (95% CI = 4.0–7.2%) in 2019}.

Conclusions

Among US high school students, increases in the prevalence of nicotine product use from 2012 to 2019 do not appear to have been accompanied by a similar increase in the population burden of nicotine dependence. This may be at least partly attributable to a shift in the most common product of choice from cigarettes (on which users are most dependent) to e‐cigarettes (on which users are least dependent).
The impact of comprehensive tobacco control policies on cardiovascular diseases in Beijing, China
Authors: Wu Yiqun , Wang Zijing , Zheng Yunting , Wang Mengying , Wang Siyue , Wang Jiating , Wu Junhui , Wu Tao , Chang Chun , Hu Yonghua
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims

China has a high smoking prevalence, but lacks effective tobacco control interventions. In 2015, comprehensive policies that incorporated all six aspects of MPOWER were implemented in Beijing and were considered the strictest tobacco control policy implemented in China to date. Decreases in the prevalence of active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure were observed thereafter. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Beijing's 2015 tobacco control policy package on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Design

Interrupted time–series study.

Setting

Beijing, China.

Participants

A total of 17.7 million employees enrolled in Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) between January 2013 to June 2017.

Interventions

Beijing's 2015 comprehensive tobacco policy package, combining a complete ban on smoking in indoor public places, cessation support, more comprehensive bans on advertising, and tax rises.

Measurements

The main outcome was hospital admissions for all CVDs and five major cause‐specific CVDs, including ischaemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), heart rhythm disturbances (HRDs), stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases (CBDs). The absolute number and proportion of reductions in the number of hospital admissions after the policies are reported.

Findings

A total of 419 875 hospital admissions for CVD were identified. In total, 13.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.5%, 15.3%] of hospital admissions for CVD were averted by the tobacco control policies. For major cause‐specific CVDs, significant hospital admission reductions occurred for IHD (5.4%, 95% CI = 2.6%, 8.3%), stroke (21.2%, 95% CI = 17.8%, 24.6%) and other CBDs (25.9%, 95% CI = 20.8%, 31.0%), but not for HF (4.7%, 95% CI = −4.2%, 13.5%) or HRDs (4.7%, 95% CI = −2.9%, 12.3%).

Conclusions

Beijing's 2015 tobacco control policy package appears to have been associated with a more than 10% reduction in all cardiovascular hospital admissions, including a more than 20% reduction in admissions for cerebrovascular diseases.
Barbed vs conventional suture at cesarean delivery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Agarwal Sugandha , D’Souza Rohan , Ryu Michelle , Maxwell Cynthia
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Barbed sutures are used in cesarean delivery with the intended benefits of better tissue approximation, hemostasis, and strength, as well as reduced operative time. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of the use of barbed suture compared with conventional sutures in cesarean delivery.

Material and methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and three clinical trial registries, were searched from inception to December 2019, without restriction by language or publication year. Randomized controlled trials comparing the use of barbed suture with conventional sutures in closure of any layer (uterine/fascial/skin) during cesarean delivery were included. The safety outcomes included estimated blood loss, pain, mortality, and other morbidity including infection, re‐operation or re‐admission. Effectiveness outcomes included closure time, need for additional suture and scar integrity. Study selection, data extraction, risk‐of‐bias, and quality assessment were independently performed by two authors. Primary analysis compared outcomes for all layers of surgical closure, whereas subgroup analysis was performed by individual layer. Pooled mean differences (MD) and risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI were calculated using a random effects model. Level of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020168859.

Results

The review included four trials (three comparing uterine closure and one comparing skin closure), at high risk of bias, representing 460 participants. Primary analysis showed no morbidity differences between two groups. The use of barbed suture for uterine closure was associated with shorter incision closure time (MD 110.58 seconds, 95% CI 93.79‐127.36 seconds), shorter total surgical time (MD 1.92 minutes, 95% CI 0.03‐3.80 minutes), and a reduced need for additional hemostatic sutures (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.28‐0.54), with no difference in estimated blood loss (MD 46.17 mL, 95% CI 13.55 to −105.89 mL) or postoperative morbidity (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.46‐2.01). The level of evidence was deemed to be low to very low, based on inconsistency and imprecision of results.

Conclusions

Barbed sutures may be a suitable alternative to conventional sutures for uterine closure because they reduce uterine repair time, total surgical time, and the need for additional hemostatic sutures, without an increase in blood loss or maternal morbidity.
Habit formation following routine‐based versus time‐based cue planning: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Keller Jan , Kwasnicka Dominika , Klaiber Patrick , Sichert Lena , Lally Phillippa , Fleig Lena
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Habit formation has been identified as one of the key determinants of behaviour change. To initiate habit formation, self‐regulation interventions can support individuals to form a cue‐behaviour plan and to repeatedly enact the plan in the same context. This randomized controlled trial aimed to model habit formation of an everyday nutrition behaviour and examined whether habit formation and plan enactment differ when individuals plan to enact their behaviour in response to a routine‐based versus time‐based cue.

Design

Following a baseline assessment, N = 192 adults (aged 18–77 years) were randomly assigned to a routine‐based cue or a time‐based cue planning intervention, in which they selected an everyday nutrition behaviour and linked it to a daily routine or a time cue.

Methods

Participants responded to daily questionnaires over 84 days assessing plan enactment and the behaviour’s automaticity (as an indicator of habit formation). Multilevel models with days nested in participants were fitted.

Results

As indicated by asymptotic curves, it took a median of 59 days for participants who successfully formed habits to reach peak automaticity. Group‐level analyses revealed that both routine‐based and time‐based cue planning led to increases in automaticity and plan enactment, but no between‐condition differences were found. Repeated plan enactment was a key predictor for automaticity.

Conclusions

Linking one’s nutrition behaviour to a daily routine or a specific time was similarly effective for habit formation. Interventions should encourage persons to repeatedly carry out their planned behaviour in response to the planned cue to facilitate habit formation.
Conservation cost‐effectiveness: a review of the evidence base
Authors: Pienkowski Thomas , Cook Carly , Verma Megha , Carrasco Luis Roman
Published: January 2021

Prioritizing conservation interventions based on their cost‐effectiveness may enhance global conservation impact. To do this prioritization, conservation decision‐makers need evidence of what works where and how much it costs. Yet, the size, representativeness, and strength of the cost‐effectiveness evidence base are unknown. We reviewed conservation cost‐effectiveness studies, exploring the representation of different types of conservation interventions, habitats and locations, and the methods used. Studies were included if they were published in conservation science or related fields before 2017; were peer‐reviewed; reported costs and conservation‐effectiveness or ratios; and were based on empirical data. From an initial search of 13,184 articles, 91 were considered eligible. We found that the number of cost‐effectiveness studies were growing but remain small. Many common conservation interventions were poorly represented, and there were large geographical biases, with few studies in the world's more biodiverse regions. This sparse and patchy evidence may result from challenges faced when conducting cost‐effectiveness analysis. However, some of these challenges are not unique to cost‐effectiveness studies, and others could be overcome through the use of standardized reporting methods. The reward for overcoming these challenges, and strengthening the evidence base, could be a significant and much‐needed improvement in global conservation.
Outcomes of COVID‐19 in hospitalized solid organ transplant recipients compared to a matched cohort of non‐transplant patients at a national healthcare system in the United States
Authors: Fisher Arielle M. , Schlauch Daniel , Mulloy Matthew , Dao Ann , Reyad Ashraf I. , Correll Mick , Fromell Gregg J. , Pittman James , Bingaman Adam W. , Sankarapandian Balamurugan , Allam Sridhar R.
Published: January 2021

Data describing outcomes of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are variable, and the association between SOT status and mortality remains unclear. In this study, we compare clinical outcomes of SOT recipients hospitalized with COVID‐19 between March 10, and September 1, 2020, to a matched cohort of non‐SOT recipients at a national healthcare system in the United States (US). From a population of 43 461 hospitalized COVID‐19‐positive patients, we created a coarsened exact matched cohort of 4035 patients including 128 SOT recipients and 3907 weighted matched non‐SOT controls. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate association between SOT status and clinical outcomes. Among the 4035 patients, median age was 60 years, 61.7% were male, 21.9% were Black/African American, and 50.8% identified as Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. Patients with a history of SOT were more likely to die within the study period when compared to matched non‐SOT recipients (21.9% and 14.9%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–3.15). Moreover, SOT status was associated with increased odds of receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (OR [95% CI]: 2.34 [1.51–3.65]), developing acute kidney injury (OR [95% CI]: 2.41 [1.59–3.65]), and receiving vasopressor support during hospitalization (OR [95% CI]: 2.14 [1.31–3.48]).
Pre‐transplant Social Adaptability Index and clinical outcomes in renal transplantation: The Swiss Transplant Cohort study
Authors: Denhaerynck Kris , Goldfarb‐Rumyantzev Alexander S. , Sandhu Gurprataap , Beckmann Sonja , Huynh‐Do Uyen , Binet Isabelle , De Geest Sabina ,   For the Psychosocial Interest Group,   Swiss Transplant Cohort Study
Published: January 2021

Background

The impact of pre‐transplant social determinants of health on post‐transplant outcomes remains understudied. In the United States, poor clinical outcomes are associated with underprivileged status, as assessed by the Social Adaptability Index (SAI), a composite score of education, employment status, marital status, household income, and substance abuse. Using data from the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS), we determined the SAI's predictive value regarding two post‐transplant outcomes: all‐cause mortality and return to dialysis.

Methods

Between 2012 and 2018, we included adult renal transplant patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with pre‐transplant assessment SAI scores, calculated from a STCS Psychosocial Questionnaire. Time to all‐cause mortality and return to dialysis were predicted using Cox regression.

Results

Of 1238 included patients (mean age: 53.8 ± 13.2 years; 37.9% female; median follow‐up time: 4.4 years [IQR: 2.7]), 93 (7.5%) died and 57 (4.6%) returned to dialysis. The SAI's hazard ratio was 0.94 (95%CI: 0.88–1.01;p = .09) for mortality and 0.93 (95%CI: 0.85–1.02;p = .15) for return to dialysis.

Conclusions

In contrast to most published studies on social deprivation, analysis of this Swiss sample detected no significant association between SAI score and mortality or return to dialysis.
Inside job: Migration and distributive politics in the European Union
Authors: Angin Merih , Shehaj Albana , Shin Adrian J.
Published: January 2021

Migration has become a top policy priority of the European Union (EU) in the wake of the 2015 migrant crisis. Given the significant ramifications of non‐European immigration for its member states, the EU has implemented a variety of policies to minimize popular backlashes within the borders of its wealthiest member states, which are also popular final destinations for migrants. In this article, we show that the EU offers financial incentives to its migrant‐transit member countries in exchange for holding migrants traveling from the Middle East and North Africa region within their territories. We use a subnational dataset on Southern Italy to examine the effects of migrant arrivals by boat on the amount of the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund received by each autonomous region between 2006 and 2018. In addition, we provide a cross‐national analysis of EU expenditures using data on unauthorized border crossings into the EU between 2009 and 2018. We find robust empirical support for the argument that the EU channels more funds to jurisdictions located on the major migrant‐transit routes.
Patient and public involvement cultures and the perceived impact in the vulnerable context of palliative care: A qualitative study
Authors: Melchior Inge , van der Heijden Anouk , Stoffers Esther , Suntjens Frits , Moser Albine
Published: January 2021

Background

Cultural values are crucial to the practice and impact of patient and public involvement (PPI) in research.

Objective

To understand different PPI cultures among research teams and the impacts of PPI associated with each culture type.

Design

A participatory action research design.

Setting and participants

The setting was 10 palliative care research projects. Seventeen patients and members of the public and 31 researchers participated.

Intervention

A programme consisting of four components: (1) training and coaching of patients and the public to prepare them for participation in research, (2) tailored coaching of the 10 research teams over 12‐18 months, (3) a community of practice, and (4) a qualitative evaluation.

Results

We identified three cultures types: relationship cultures, task cultures, and control cultures. We identified four areas of impact: the project aim became more relevant to the target audience, methodological reliability increased, the research products were better able to reach the public, and the awareness increased, associated with behavioural changes, among researchers regarding PPI.

Discussion

A relationship culture appears to be long‐lasting due to impacting the behaviours of the researchers during future projects. Different cultural types require different types of patients and researcher participants, assigned to different tasks.

Conclusions

Further research remains necessary to investigate the support required by researchers to enable relationship‐ and task‐oriented PPI cultures.

Patient or public contribution

Patient advocates and representatives contributed to our research team throughout the entire research process, as well as within the 10 implementation projects.
Mucosal IL‐10 and IL‐10 receptor expression patterns in paediatric patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Wittmann Dayagi Talya , Werner Lael , Pinsker Marina , Salamon Naomi , Barschak Iris , Weiss Batia , Shouval Dror S.
Published: January 2021

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a key anti‐inflammatory cytokine. We aimed to assess IL‐10 and IL‐10 receptor (IL‐10R) expression in the gut, and determine whether these patterns are altered in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded rectal and transverse colon sections were collected from three groups of patients: (a) control subjects with normal colonoscopy and without history of inflammatory bowel disease; (b) UC patients with extensive colitis or pancolitis (E3/E4 phenotype); and (c) UC patients with limited distal disease (E1/E2 phenotype; n = 8‐10 subjects per group). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to assess expression patterns of IL‐10, IL‐10R1 and IL‐10R2, and was correlated with clinical, endoscopic and histologic severity indices among patients. A trend towards increased IL‐10 expression was noted in rectal biopsies of patients with active UC, compared with controls. Moreover, IL‐10 levels were significantly increased in transverse colon biopsies of patients with extensive/pancolitis, compared with control subjects and patients with limited distal disease. Rectal IL‐10R1 and IL‐10R2 levels were comparable between control subject and patients with active UC. However, transverse colon IL‐10R1 levels were significantly higher in patients with E3/E4 colitis, compared with controls. Finally, we found no correlation between clinical, endoscopic and histologic severity of inflammation among UC patients and IL‐10, IL‐10R1 or IL‐10R2 expression in rectal sections. Mucosal expression patterns of IL‐10 and IL‐10R, evaluated by IHC, were overall similar between control subjects and patients with active UC. Given IL‐10’s anti‐inflammatory properties, additional studies are required to determine whether signalling through the IL‐10R is altered among these patients.
Nursing strategies for the post‐COVID‐19 era
Authors: Lee Jia , Cho Hwa Sook , Shin Sung Rae
Published: January 2021

In this indefinite pandemic situation, roles of nurses have been most illuminated by the public, but the nurses may soon start experiencing burnout. This paper highlights roles of nurses in COVID care in Korea and nursing strategies for the post‐COVID era. As we are the frontline advocators of the public, when we develop strategies for their health and quality of life, we receive public support that can help resolve our issues. We will improve our poor working environments through mutual cooperation, as we are one.

Implications for Nursing

Nurses need to possess a variety of abilities, such as the digital literacy required by the non‐contact era after COVID‐19, and to expand the boundaries of the nursing profession in convergence of health services with technology.
Development and validation of a photographic atlas of food portions for accurate quantification of dietary intakes in China
Authors: Ding Ye , Yang Yue , Li Fang , Shao Yingying , Sun Zhongqing , Zhong Chunmei , Fan Ping , Li Zuwen , Zhang Man , Li Xiaocheng , Jiang Tingting , Song Chenglin , Chen Dandan , Peng Xiaoju , Yin Lu , She Yuanhong , Wang Zhixu
Published: January 2021

Background

Accurate estimation of food portion sizes remains an important challenge in dietary data collection. The present study aimed to develop a food atlas with adequate visual reference to improve the accuracy of dietary surveys in China.

Methods

A food atlas for dietary surveys in China was developed using three visual reference systems, namely, regularly placed food portions, the two‐dimensional background coordinates and common objects known in daily life. The atlas was validated by estimating a meal before and after using the food atlas, and differences in weight estimation were compared using a paired t‐test. In total, 50 college students participated in the study.

Results

After determination of food varieties; design of the food display; purchase, processing, cooking and weighing of food; photographing food; post‐image processing and data processing, a total of 799 pictures of 303 types of food and two types of tableware were produced. The mean value of food weight estimated with the atlas was closer to the actual weight, and the variation range of these values was smaller and more stable than that estimated without the atlas. The differences estimated before and after using the atlas for all foods were significant (P < 0.05). Comparing the differences in weight before using the atlas, the error ranges of food samples were reduced.

Conclusions

A food atlas has been developed for a retrospective dietary survey in China, which can be used to enable a better understanding of nutritional adequacy in the Chinese population.
Commercial growing up milks: usage frequency and associated child and demographic factors across four Asia Pacific countries
Authors: Willcox J. C. , Februhartanty J. , Satheannoppakao W. , Hutchinson C. , Itsiopoulos C. , Worsley A.
Published: January 2021

Background

Commercial growing up milks (GUMs) targeted at children from 12 to 36 months of age are a rapidly growing industry, particularly across the Asia Pacific.

Methods

The present study assessed the frequency of use and socio‐demographic and child associations of commercial GUM feeding in children, aged between 12 and 36 months, in capital cities in four Asia Pacific countries. Mothers of children aged between 12 and 36 months were surveyed, assessing GUM feeding frequency in the past month. A market research company database was used to survey across Asia Pacific urban cities, including Bangkok Thailand, Jakarta Indonesia, Singapore and Australian Capital Cities (ACC).

Results

More than 1000 women (n = 1051) were surveyed (Bangkok, n = 263; Jakarta, n = 275; ACC, n = 252; Singapore, n = 261). The mean (SD) age of mothers was 32.4 (5.3) years and that of children was 23.6 (6.7) months. In total, 62.7% of the children were fed GUMs more than once per week with significant country variance. In comparison with ACC, Asian countries were significantly more likely to feed GUMs ≥once per week: Bangkok [odds ratio (OR) = 5.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.8–8.6]; Jakarta (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 2.3–5.5); and Singapore (OR = 7.4, 95% CI = 4.9‐11.1). Associations of GUM feeding included: maternal tertiary education; mothers younger than 30 years; working full time; and feeding of commercial infant formula under 12 months.

Conclusions

This is the first published study to explore commercial GUM feeding in and between countries. The incidence of GUM feeding, in contrast to international recommendations, signals the need for further research into the drivers for GUM feeding and its contribution to the diet.
What are they doing? A national survey of help‐seeking and relationship‐repair behavior of individuals who are thinking about divorce
Authors: Galovan Adam M. , Hawkins Alan J. , Harris Steven M. , Simpson David M.
Published: January 2021

Guided by the Stages of Change (SOC) model, we explored relationship‐repair behaviors among those thinking about divorce, employing a recent national longitudinal survey of married individuals (N = 745). Person‐centered analyses explored whether there were distinct typologies of relationship‐repair behaviors. We found four distinct classes: Intense Seekers (6%), who engaged at high levels of all kinds of repair behaviors, including professional services; Moderate‐fading Seekers (14%), who engaged in moderate levels of various repair behaviors, including professional services, but did not sustain that behavior over a year; and Minimal‐private Seekers (42%) and Private‐sustained Seekers (38%), who eschewed professional services and engaged in low‐to‐moderate personal and private repair behaviors. We discuss possible applications of the SOC model to the divorce decision‐making process and conclude with implications for practice, including the need to allocate greater attention to personal and self‐help interventions that match the way most people try to repair their relationships.
Heterogeneity of microglial proton channel in different brain regions and its relationship with aging
Authors: Kawai Takafumi , Takao Keizo , Akter Sharmin , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Okamura Yasushi
Published: January 2021

The properties of microglia largely differ depending on aging as well as on brain regions. However, there are few studies that investigated the functional importance of such heterogeneous properties of microglia at the molecular level. Voltage‐gated proton channel, Hv1/VSOP, could be one of the candidates which confers functional heterogeneity among microglia since it regulates brain oxidative stress in age‐dependent manner. In this study, we found that Hv1/VSOP shows brain region‐dependent heterogeneity of gene expression with the highest level in the striatum. We studied the importance of Hv1/VSOP in two different brain regions, the cerebral cortex and striatum, and examined their relationship with aging (using mice of different ages). In the cortex, we observed the age‐dependent impact of Hv1/VSOP on oxidative stress, microglial morphology, and gene expression profile. On the other hand, we found that the age‐dependent significance of Hv1/VSOP was less obvious in the striatum than the cortex. Finally, we performed a battery of behavioral experiments on Hv1/VSOP‐deficient mice both at young and aged stages to examine the effect of aging on Hv1/VSOP function. Hv1/VSOP‐deficient mice specifically showed a marked difference in behavior in light/dark transition test only at aged stages, indicating that anxiety state is altered in aged Hv1/VSOP mice. This study suggests that a combination of brain region heterogeneity and animal aging underscores the functional importance of Hv1/VSOP in microglia.

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Effects of an Allostatic Closed‐Loop Neurotechnology (HIRREM) on Brain Functional Connectivity Laterality in Military‐Related Traumatic Stress
Authors: Dagenbach Dale E. , Tegeler Charles H. , Morgan Ashley R. , Laurienti Paul J. , Tegeler Catherine L. , Lee Sung W. , Gerdes Lee , Simpson Sean L.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Brain asymmetries are reported in posttraumatic stress disorder, but many aspects of laterality and traumatic stress remain underexplored. This study explores lateralization changes in resting state brain network functional connectivity in a cohort with symptoms of military‐related traumatic stress, associated with use of a closed‐loop neurotechnology, HIRREM.

METHODS

Eighteen participants (17 males, mean age 41 years [SD = 7]) received 19.5 (1.1) HIRREM sessions over 12 days. Whole brain resting magnetic resonance imaging was done pre‐ and post‐HIRREM. Laterality of functional connectivity was assessed on a whole brain basis, and in six predefined networks or regions. Laterality of connectivity within networks or regions was assessed separately from laterality of connections between networks or regions.

RESULTS

Before HIRREM, significant laterality effects of connection type (ipsilateral for either side, or contralateral in either direction) were observed for the whole brain, within networks or regions, and between networks or regions. Post‐HIRREM, there were significant changes for within‐network or within‐region analysis in the motor network, and changes for between‐network or between‐region analyses for the salience network and the motor cortex.

CONCLUSIONS

Among military service members and Veterans with symptoms of traumatic stress, asymmetries of network and brain region connectivity patterns were identified prior to usage of HIRREM. A variety of changes in lateralized patterns of brain connectivity were identified postintervention. These laterality findings may inform future studies of brain connectivity in traumatic stress disorders, with potential to point to mechanisms of action for successful intervention.
Managing boundaries between work and non‐work domains: Personality and job characteristics and adopted style
Authors: Gardner Danielle M. , Lauricella Taylor , Ryan Ann Marie , Wadlington Patrick , Elizondo Fabian
Published: January 2021

With an increasing overlap between the work and non‐work domain, more research is needed to understand the factors that relate to how individuals manage their boundaries across multiple roles (i.e., work roles, family roles). Using a sample of 498 individuals, we explored the relationships between personality, O*NET job characteristic variables, and boundary management styles. Results revealed that job responsibility and work structure related to cross‐role interruptions and work identity centrality. Further, conscientiousness was related to greater perceptions of boundary control, family identity centrality, and fewer interruptions of work, while neuroticism was related to fewer interruptions of non‐work. Finally, the present findings replicated four of six defined boundary management styles put forth in prior research. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Practitioner points

Individuals may differ in how they enact boundaries between work and non‐work as related to their individual personality.

The job in which one works may relate to the manner in which boundaries between work and non‐work are managed.

Organizational efforts to help employees with boundary management may be improved if job context and employee individual differences are noted and accommodated.
Successful jugular implantable defibrillator lead extraction with bidirectional rotational mechanical sheath
Authors: Migliore Federico , Falzone Pasquale Valerio , Dall'Aglio Pietro , Piazza Michele , Tarzia Vincenzo , Gerosa Gino
Published: January 2021

Bidirectional rotational mechanical sheath is an effective and safe technique for transvenous lead extraction of chronically implanted leads. However, data about powered mechanical sheath through jugular vein are lacking. Our report demonstrated that bidirectional rotational mechanical sheath represents an effective and safe approach for removal of chronically implanted jugular leads.
Evaluation of animal models to explore the influence of maternal genetic and maternal permanent environment effect on reproductive performance of Jersey crossbred cattle
Authors: Kumar Anshuman , Mandal Ajoy
Published: January 2021

The present study was conducted on 1,002 reproductive records of 430 Jersey crossbred cattle, descended from 57 sires and 198 dams, maintained at the Eastern Regional Station of ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India to investigate the influence of direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effect on three most important reproductive traits viz., number of service per conception (NSPC), days open (DO) and calving interval (CI) of Jersey crossbred cattle. Six single‐trait animal models (including or excluding maternal genetic or permanent environmental effects) were fitted to analyse these traits, and the best model was chosen after testing the significant increase in the log‐likelihood values when additional parameters were added in the model. Direct heritability estimates for NSPC, DO and CI from the best model were 0.10, 0.14 and 0.20, respectively. The maternal permanent environmental (c2) effects on reproductive traits accounted for almost negligible fraction of the total phenotypic variance in this study. The maternal genetic effects (m2) also contributed very little (0%–3%) to the total phenotypic variance except for CI where it was important and accounted for 20% of phenotypic variance. A significantly large negative genetic correlation was observed between direct and maternal genetic effects for all traits, suggesting the presence of antagonistic relationship between dam's direct additive component and daughter's additive genetic component. Results suggest that both direct and maternal effects were important only for CI but not for other traits. Therefore, both direct additive effects and maternal genetic effect need to be considered for improving this trait by selection.
Asymmetric cultural proximity and greenfield foreign direct investment
Authors: Fiorini Matteo , Giovannetti Giorgia , Lanati Mauro , Santi Filippo
Published: January 2021

This paper studies bilateral cultural preferences as an asymmetric dimension of cultural proximity and estimates their effect on greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI). We derive a gravity equation ofFDIand test simultaneously the impact of both (a) the preferences of investing countries for recipients' culture and (b) recipients' preferences for the culture in the investing economies. While the role of investors' preferences can be rationalised with existing supply‐side gravity theories ofFDI, we propose new mechanisms to explain why recipients' preferences might matter as well. We use exports and imports of cultural goods to proxy for the two directions of cultural preferences. Our results reveal a stronger investment effect of the recipients' preferences, a channel so far understudied.
Do macroprudential policies counter real exchange rate appreciation in emerging markets?
Authors: Cavoli Tony , Gopalan Sasidaran , Rajan Ramkishen S.
Published: January 2021

A competitive and stable real exchange rate (RER) has been recognised as an important variable for promoting economic development, especially in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs). The postglobal financial crisis era, however, has seen a marked deluge of global liquidity from ultra‐loose monetary policy in advanced economies, which has led to a surge in capital inflows and consequent loss of external competitiveness in several EMDEs. Given this context, this paper empirically investigates if and what types of macroprudential policies (MaPs) have been effective in countering RER appreciations in a panel of 93 EMDEs over the period 2000–2013. Our results show strong evidence that MaPs moderate RER appreciation through the real interest rate channel, though this is limited to MaPs that target financial institutions rather than borrowers. There is also evidence to suggest that MaPs work more effectively during periods of rising rather than falling real interest rates.
Serratus Anterior Stretch: A Novel Intervention and Its Effect on the Shoulder Range of Motion
Authors: Keramat Keramat Ullah , Babar Mohammad Naveed
Published: January 2021

Context: Serratus anterior tightness is associated with scapular dyskinesis and overall shoulder dysfunction, which affects the range of motion. The most effective intervention to stretch the serratus anterior is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a therapist-administered novel serratus anterior stretch (SAS) on shoulder range of motion. Method: This study recruited 30 healthy subjects of age 21.20 (1.69) years, height 1.65 (0.11) m, and weight 60.90 (10.36) kg in equal ratio of males and females who scored 1 or 2 on the shoulder mobility test of functional movement screening. A single intervention of a novel SAS was applied to the shoulder. Outcome variables before and after the SAS included the following: shoulder ROM (flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) and functional movements of reaching up behind the back and reaching down behind the neck. Results: A paired t test was used to analyze the data. Following the acute SAS intervention, all shoulder ROM improved significantly (P < .000). The change in internal rotation was 6.00° (7.47°), external rotation was 5.66° (9.35°), abduction was 13.50° (11.82°), flexion was 20° (13.33°), reaching up behind the back was 5.10 (2.21) cm, and reaching down behind the neck was 5.41 (2.89) cm. The most marked improvement was in reaching up behind the back (24.48%) and reaching down behind the neck (22.78%). A very large effect size (>1) was observed across most of the variables. Conclusion: An acute SAS intervention improves shoulder mobility in healthy individuals. It is recommended for the trial on the prevention and rehabilitation of shoulder pathologies with restriction in shoulder mobility.
Reliability of a Smartphone Goniometric Application in the Measurement of Hip Range of Motion Among Experienced and Novice Clinicians
Authors: Whyte Enda , Ó Doinn Tiarnán , Downey Miriam , O’Connor Siobhán
Published: January 2021

Context: Deficits in the hip range of motion are associated with hip and groin injuries. Accurate and reliable goniometric measurements are important in identifying those at risk of injury and determining the efficacy of treatment interventions. Smartphone goniometric applications are regularly used to assess joint ranges of motion; however, there is limited knowledge on the reliability of this method in relation to the hip, particularly between clinicians with different levels of experience. Objective: To determine the intratester and intertester reliability of a smartphone clinometer application for the assessment of hip goniometric measurements in healthy volunteers by an experienced and novice clinician. Design: Reliability study. Setting: University Athletic Therapy facility. Participants: Physically active, university students. Main Outcome Measures: The study determined the intra- and intertester (experienced vs novice clinician) reliability of goniometric measurements of the hip joint (modified Thomas test and seated hip internal and external rotation) using a smartphone goniometric application. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change at a 95% confidence interval were used to assess reliability. Results: Goniometric measurements demonstrated good to excellent relative intratester reliability for the modified Thomas test (ICC = .94), external rotation (ICC = .93–.95), and internal rotation (ICC = .80–.81). Intertester reliability for expert and novice clinicians was also excellent for the modified Thomas test (ICC = .98), external rotation (ICC = .95), and internal rotation (ICC = .92). Intratester and intertester standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change at 95% confidence interval values were similar for both testers and ranged from 1.9° to 3.6° and 5° to 10.1° and from 1.1° to 2.3° and 2.9° to 6.5°, respectively. Conclusion: Smartphone-based goniometric measurements of hip range of motion have high intratester and intertester reliability for novice and expert clinicians. It may be a useful, simple, and inexpensive resource for clinicians.