bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Deep Neural Network Architecture Using Particle Swarm Optimization to Improve the Performance in Determining the Friction Angle of Soil
Authors: Pham Tuan Anh , Tran Van Quan , Vu Huong-Lan Thi
Published: May 2021

This study focuses on the use of deep neural network (DNN) to predict the soil friction angle, one of the crucial parameters in geotechnical design. Besides, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to improve the performance of DNN by selecting the best structural DNN parameters, namely, the optimal numbers of hidden layers and neurons in each hidden layer. For this aim, a database containing 245 laboratory tests collected from a project in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, was used for the development of the proposed hybrid PSO-DNN model, including seven input factors (soil state, standard penetration test value, unit weight of soil, void ratio, thickness of soil layer, top elevation of soil layer, and bottom elevation of soil layer) and the friction angle was considered as the target. The data set was divided into three parts, namely, the training, validation, and testing sets for the construction, validation, and testing phases of the model. Various quality assessment criteria, namely, the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE), were used to estimate the performance of PSO-DNN models. The PSO algorithm showed a remarkable ability to find out an optimal DNN architecture for the prediction process. The results showed that the PSO-DNN model using 10 hidden layers outperformed the DNN model, in which the average correlation improvement increased R2 by 1.83%, MAE by 5.94%, and RMSE by 8.58%. Besides, a global sensitivity analysis technique was used to detect the most important inputs, and it showed that, among the seven input variables, the elevation of top and bottom of soil played an important role in predicting the friction angle of soil.
Choice of Environmental and Economic Path for Building a Supply Chain Financial Cloud Ecosystem under the Background of “Internet +”
Authors: Zhao Dongchang
Published: May 2021

With the development of the Internet age, the gradual deepening of reforms, and the continuous improvement of marketization, the financial ecological environment is directly related to the risk of financial institutions’ loans and the enthusiasm to support local economic development. Capital is accompanied by the physical development and evolution of the production and circulation of goods. After thousands of years of historical development and evolution, it has formulated its own development law and internal logic. In view of the unclear environmental and social evaluation indicators in supply chain research and the model’s failure to accurately describe the real supply chain network, an adaptive dynamic relaxation approximation algorithm model is proposed. This model introduces upstream and downstream transit stations as distributors and as a hub between customers, the transportation mode is improved to horizontal and vertical coordinated transportation, and multiple transportation methods are used for transportation. In this paper, the experimental group adopts a new model based on the approximate algorithm of dynamic relaxation factors, and the control group adopts the original old model. The two groups conduct comprehensive data analysis on social indicators, self‐indicators, initial indicators, economic indicators, and environmental indicators in each year. Starting from the dimension, comprehensively consider the selection of indicators to measure the level of enterprise performance. The experiment proves that the transportation loss in the green supply chain is between the new model and the old model. When the number of partners is small, the degree of the optimal solution between the new and old models is not obvious, and the degree of optimization of the new model relative to the old model is increasing. It has a significant statistical difference (P < 0.05). This shows that efforts to build a good financial ecological environment and an honest and reliable and healthy economic ecological environment are of great importance for promoting the continuous and rapid growth of the social economy.
Gesture Detection and Recognition Based on Pyramid Frequency Feature Fusion Module and Multiscale Attention in Human-Computer Interaction
Authors: Tu Min
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the problem of the absence of detail texture and other high-frequency features in the feature extraction process of the deep network employing the upsampling operation, the accuracy of gesture recognition is seriously affected in complex scenes. This study integrates object detection and gesture recognition into one model and proposes a gesture detection and recognition based on the pyramid frequency feature fusion module and multiscale attention in human-computer interaction. Pyramid fusion module is used to perform efficient feature fusion and is proposed to obtain feature layers with rich details and semantic information, which is helpful to improve the efficiency and accuracy of gesture recognition. In addition, the multiscale attention module is further adopted to adaptively mine important and effective feature information from both temporal and spatial channels and embedded into the detection layer. Finally, our proposed network realizes the enhancement of the effective information and the suppression of the invalid information of the detection layer. Experimental results show that our proposed model makes full use of the high-low frequency feature fusion module without replacing the basic backbone network, which can greatly reduce the computational overhead while improving the detection accuracy.
Saturation Numbers for Linear Forests
2

P

4

∪
t

P

2

∗
Authors: Song Feifei , Zou Yan , Su Hengdi
Published: May 2021

For a given graph

F

, graph

G

is called

F

-saturated if

G

does not contain a copy of

F

, but

G
+
e

has a copy of

F

, where

e
∉
E

G

. The saturation number, denoted by

sat

n
,
F

, is the minimum size of a graph with order

n

in all

F

-saturated graphs. For

n
≥
6
t
+
22

, this paper considers the saturation number of linear forests

2

P

4

∪
t

P

2

and describes the extremal graph.
Push-Out Bond Strength, Characterization, and Ion Release of Premixed and Powder-Liquid Bioceramic Sealers with or without Gutta-Percha
Authors: Retana-Lobo Cristina , Tanomaru-Filho Mario , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Benavides-García Marianella , Hernández-Meza Erick , Reyes-Carmona Jessie
Published: May 2021

Objective. To evaluate the push-out bond strength of premixed and powder-liquid bioceramic sealers with or without gutta-percha (GP) cone. Materials and Methods. Radicular dentin samples were prepared from 80 single-rooted human teeth. After root canal preparation using ProTaper® and irrigation with NaOCl and EDTA, teeth were divided according to the root canal sealer (

n
=
20

): AH Plus®, EndoSequence® BC Sealer™, ProRoot® Endo Sealer, and BioRoot™ RCS. Samples were randomly divided into two subgroups (

n
=
10

): GP-S: root canal filling using the single-cone technique, or S: filling with only sealer. Specimens were kept at 37°C and 100% humidity in calcium-free PBS for 30 days. The push-out bond strength was measured in MPa. Fractured specimens were observed at 25x to evaluate the type of failure. pH and calcium ion release were measured at different experimental periods. Raman and SEM-EDAX analyses were performed for root canal sealers. Data were analysed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey test at a significance of

P
<
0.05

. Results. Push-out bond strength was greater for samples obturated with only sealers (S) than samples obturated with the single-cone technique (GP-S) (

P
<
0.05

). BioRoot™ RCS had greater bond strength than EndoSequence® BC Sealer™. Adhesive failures between cement and gutta-percha cone (87.5%) were predominant in the GP-S. Cohesive failures were predominant for S (80%). BioRoot™ RCS and ProRoot® ES presented higher alkalinization potential than the premixed sealer (EndoSequence® BC Sealer™). Powder-liquid bioceramic sealers (BioRoot™ RCS and ProRoot® ES) released the highest cumulative amount of calcium (28.46 mg/L and 20.05 mg/L). Conclusion. Push-out test without gutta-percha cone presents higher bond strength for bioceramic sealers. Powder-liquid calcium silicate-based sealers present greater bioactivity related to alkalinization potential and calcium ion release.
Impact of Albendazole on Cytokine and Chemokine Response Profiles in Echinococcus multilocularis‐Inoculated Mice
Authors: Wu Jing , Ma Hai-zhang , Apaer Shadike , Anweier Nuerzatijiang , Zeng Qi , Fulati Xiafukati , Li Tao , Zhao Jin-ming , Wen Hao , Tuxun Tuerhongjiang
Published: May 2021

Objective. Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the metacestode Echinococcosis multilocularis with a tumor‐like behavior in the targeted organ, especially in the liver. Surgery with albendazole is first‐line modality for AE. Drug discontinuation is usually based upon the parasitic viability shown by the positron emission tomography (PET) scan. However, as a demanding and expensive method, it is not widely practiced in majority of the endemic regions. Further understanding on the cytokine and chemokine response profiles in AE patients may provide an interesting insight for potential markers in viability assessment. Methods. Mice were inoculated with Echinococcus multilocularis intrahepatically to develop the hepatic AE murine model. Oral albendazole administration was then applied for three months after the first inoculation, and peripheral and regional immune cells including type 1 T helper cells (Th), Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) cells, related cytokines, and chemokines were examined. Results. The hepatic AE lesion was confirmed by ultrasound examination resulting in a successful rate of 70%. Among the 17 cytokines and chemokines detected, plasma levels of IL‐23 were significantly higher in E. multilocularis‐infected mice when compared to the control group; furthermore, more obvious increasing levels were found after albendazole treatment (p < 0.05). All chemokine levels other than eotaxin and MCP‐3 were slightly higher in E. multilocularis‐infected mice compared to the control group (p > 0.05). Eotaxin levels were significantly decreased in mice with E. multilocularis infection followed by albendazole treatment (p < 0.05). Both IL‐17A and IL‐23 expressions in hepatic AE lesions were significantly higher and related with disease activity. Conclusion. Albendazole administration influenced the balance of immune response and promotes the secretion of proinflammatory factors which is beneficial to parasite clearance. IL‐23 seems to be associated with the successful albendazole treatment in mice with E. multilocularis infection; such a change could be translated into clinical application in the near future.
Nonlinear Dynamic Performance of a Bolt‐Disc Rotor with the Position Error of Circumferential Bolt‐Holes
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Liu Yi , Huang Xin
Published: May 2021

The bolt‐holes in the assembly discs are designed to limit the circumferential displacement of bolts for the bolt‐disc rotor. The position error of circumferential bolt‐holes is created in a three‐dimensional model of bolt‐disc rotor. The distribution of nonuniform stress and deformation is acquired according to finite element approach. Static results demonstrate that the position error of bolt‐holes leads to obvious concomitant unbalances including constant mass eccentricity and speed‐variant bending under the influence of large tightening force. When these unbalance factors are taken into consideration, dynamic performance such as instability areas and nonlinear motions are analyzed by Newton iterative process and a prediction‐correction calculation method. Dynamic results show that rotor flexure enables the systematic stability decreased obviously because of this position error. There is a special phenomenon compared to monobloc rotor that the vibration amplitude proceeds to rise when rotating speed exceeds the critical speed. Moreover, the allowable position error of bolt‐holes is obviously smaller than that of monobloc rotor and uneven tightening is a feasible way to reduce adverse effects on the dynamic properties when position error appears. This work proposes a static‐dynamic approach to investigate the dynamics of imprecise bolt‐disc rotor and establishes the relationship between machining error and dynamic features.
A Novel Subcarrier‐Level Spectrum Sensing Method by Utilizing Fine‐Grained Channel State Information in Wireless Networks
Authors: Lu Zheng , Wang Handong , Sun Hongyu , Chen Chin-Ling , Tan Zhenjiang
Published: May 2021

Traditionally, the channelization structures of wireless technologies (802.11/ZigBee/BLE) have been fixed. Each node content for the spectrum is assigned one channel with a specific bandwidth. However, classical channel‐based spectrum sensing and sharing algorithms have great limitations to further optimize spectrum utilization when multiple IoT with different wireless technologies coexisting in the same environment. Therefore, exploring the fine‐grained spectrum sensing algorithm becomes an essential work to further improve the spectrum utilization efficiency, especially in the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band. This paper proposes Subcarrier-Sniffer, a novel subcarrier‐level spectrum sensing and sharing method, which utilizes channel state information (CSI) to sense the fine‐grained status of each subcarrier of the traditional channel. To evaluate the performance of Subcarrier-Sniffer, we implemented Subcarrier-Sniffer by USRP B200min, and the experimental results show that the accuracy of subcarrier‐level spectrum sensing could achieve 100% in our settings that the distance between Subcarrier-Sniffer and the monitor is not greater than 7 m. Subcarrier-Sniffer could be applied in WiFi and ZigBee, WiFi and BLE, and WiFi and LTE‐U coexisted environments for better spectrum utilization.
The Magnitude of Wasting and Associated Factors among Children Aged 2‐5 Years in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Dires Selamawit , Mareg Moges
Published: May 2021

Background. Malnutrition accounts for almost half of the global under‐five child mortality. Worm infections are one of the immediate and commonest causes that affect the nutritional status of children. There is limited data related to the magnitude of wasting and associated factors among children. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the magnitude of wasting and associated factors among children aged 2 to 5 years in the Wonago district of Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods. Community‐based cross‐sectional study design was conducted. A total of 3324 children aged 2‐5 years were included in the study. A pretested semistructured questionnaire was used for data collection, and anthropometric measurements were computed using the World Health Organization Anthro‐nutritional software. The multivariate logistic regression analyses with adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and P value less than 0.05 were used to identify the factors significantly associated with wasting. Results. A total of 3273 children aged 2‐5 years participated with a 98.5% response rate. The magnitude of wasting was 13%. The factors like government‐employed fathers [AOR = 1.93; 95% CI (1.08, 3.46)], child’s age range between 48 and 59 months [AOR = 1.46; 95% CI (1.01, 2.09)], being a male child [AOR = 1.42; 95% CI (1.07, 1.88)], having diarrheal disease in the past two weeks [AOR = 0.39; 95% CI (0.17, 0.90)], and bathing less than two times per week [AOR = 1.42; 95% CI (1.03, 1.96)] were factors significantly associated with wasting. Conclusion. Undernutrition in children is still a problem, and the proportion of wasting was 13%. Government‐employed fathers, child’s age range between 48 and 59 months, being a male child, having diarrheal disease in the past two weeks, and bathing below two times per week were significantly associated with children’s nutritional status warranting close attention by policymakers and stakeholders. For researchers, a further longitudinal study is recommended to get strong evidence.
Real-Time Scheduling of Mixed Model Assembly Line with Large Variety and Low Volume Based on Event-Triggered Simulated Annealing (ETSA)
Authors: Cai Chunzhi , Kan Shulin
Published: May 2021

In the contemporary industrial production, multiple resource constraints and uncertainty factors exist widely in the actual job shop. It is particularly important to make a reasonable scheduling scheme in workshop manufacturing. Traditional scheduling research focused on the one-time global optimization of production scheduling before the actual production. The dynamic scheduling problem of the workshop is getting more and more attention. This paper proposed a simulated annealing algorithm to solve the real-time scheduling problem of large variety and low-volume mixed model assembly line. This algorithm obtains three groups of optimal solutions and the optimal scheduling scheme of multiple products, with the shortest product completion time and the lowest cost. Finally, the feasibility and efficiency of the model are proved by the Matlab simulation.
Investigation of Low‐Frequency Sound Radiation Characteristics and Active Control Mechanism of a Finite Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Ding Shaohu , Mu Chunyang , Gao Yang , Liu Hong , Li Maoqiang
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the radiation characteristics and active structural acoustic control of a submerged cylindrical shell at low frequencies are investigated. First, the coupled vibro‐acoustic equations for a submerged finite cylindrical shell are solved by a modal decomposition method, and the radiation impedance is obtained by the fast Fourier transform. The modal shapes of the first ten acoustic radiation modes and the structure‐dependent radiation modes are presented. The relationships between the vibration modes and the radiation modes as well as the contributions of the radiation modes to the radiated sound power are given at low frequencies. Finally, active structural acoustic control of a submerged finite cylindrical shell is investigated by considering the fluid‐structure coupled interactions. The physical mechanism of the active control is discussed based on the relationship between the vibration and radiation modes. The results showed that, at low frequencies, only the first several radiation modes contributed to the sound power radiated from a submerged finite cylindrical shell excited by a radial point force. By determining the radiation modes that dominate the contribution to the radiated sound, the physical mechanism of the active control is explained, providing a potential tool to allow active control of the vibro‐acoustic responses of submerged structures more effectively.
Effect of Ileal Transposition (IT) on Angiopoietin-Like Protein-8 (ANGPTL8) and Pentraxin (PTX3) Plasma Level in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed High-Fat Diet (HFD)
Authors: Sawczyn Tomasz , Stygar Dominika , Nabrdalik Katarzyna , Kukla Michał , Masri Oliwia , Magrowski Łukasz , Karcz Wojciech , Jochem Jerzy
Published: May 2021

Background. Metabolic surgery procedures are designed not only for sustained weight loss but also for achieving positive metabolic changes, including improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, along with an increase in energy expenditure. Based on recent findings, the present study focuses on the relationship between the effects of ileal transposition (IT), high-fat diet (HFD), and selected markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Methods. Forty-eight male rats were divided into two groups: HFD and control diet (CD) fed rats. After eight weeks, animals in each group were randomly assigned to two types of surgery: IT and SHAM. Thereafter, fifty percent of the animals in the HFD and CD groups had their diets changed, while the remaining half maintained their presurgery diets. Eight weeks after surgery, plasma levels of ANGPTL8, PTX3, leptin, and adiponectin were assessed. Results. The IT group pre- and postoperatively maintained on the HFD showed higher ANGPTL8 level compared to SHAM operated animals (

p
=
0.0041

). The effect of IT on PTX3 level in the group pre- and postoperatively maintained on a CD was not significant, and there were no differences compared to SHAM. Only the postoperative diet change to HFD increased PTX3 level in the IT operated animals (

p
=
0.0002

). The IT group had increased plasma adiponectin (

p
=
0.026

) and leptin (

p
=
0.0027

) levels after dietary change to HFD compared to IT rats fed CD. Conclusions. This study indicates that the outcomes of metabolic surgery can be greatly modified by HFD. The effects of the IT procedure in this experiment are ambiguous and do not provide a clear answer as to whether or not they are beneficial.
The Global Convergence of a Modified BFGS Method under Inexact Line Search for Nonconvex Functions
Authors: Li Pengyuan , Lu Junyu , Feng Haishan
Published: May 2021

Among the quasi-Newton algorithms, the BFGS method is often discussed by related scholars. However, in the case of inexact Wolfe line searches or even exact line search, the global convergence of the BFGS method for nonconvex functions is not still proven. Based on the aforementioned issues, we propose a new quasi-Newton algorithm to obtain a better convergence property; it is designed according to the following essentials: (1) a modified BFGS formula is designed to guarantee that

B

k
+
1

inherits the positive definiteness of

B

k

; (2) a modified weak Wolfe–Powell line search is recommended; (3) a parabola, which is considered as the projection plane to avoid using the invalid direction, is proposed, and the next point

x

k
+
1

is designed by a projection technique; (4) to obtain the global convergence of the proposed algorithm more easily, the projection point is used at all the next iteration points instead of the current modified BFGS update formula; and (5) the global convergence of the given algorithm is established under suitable conditions. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient.
Study of Two‐Step Parallel Cutting Technology for Deep‐Hole Blasting in Shaft Excavation
Authors: Yang Renshu , Zheng Changda , Yang Liyun , Zuo Jinjing , Cheng Tonglei , Ding Chenxi , Li Qing
Published: May 2021

In hard rock deep‐hole blasting excavation, blastholes are rarely utilized due to the clamping effect of the lower rock, which affects excavation progress and restricts the development and application of deep‐hole blasting technology. Cut blasting is a key to improving excavation speed. In this paper, a new cutting method designating the two‐step cutting technology was presented. The blasthole was divided into upper and lower sections without changing the blasthole layout. The upper section was detonated first, creating sufficient free surface for the lower section, which was detonated secondly. This created a larger cavity and improved blasthole utilization. Results showed good blasting effects for two‐step cutting technology through theoretical analysis and engineering applications. The blasthole utilization rate was 96.1% when the upper and lower specific charge ratio = 0.78. This paper provides a good reference for resolving the low blasthole utilization problem in deep‐hole blasting of vertical shafts within a hard rock.
Design and Dynamic Analysis of a Four‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Chaotic Vibrating Screen
Authors: Zhang Mingkun , Wang Chengjun , Yan Chen , Li Hao
Published: May 2021

In order to address the problems of low screening efficiency, easy blocking of screen holes, and short service life of key parts commonly used in vibrating screen equipment, the TRIZ (Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems) was applied in the present work to design a four‐degree‐of‐freedom (4‐DOF; three translational and one rotational movements) chaotic vibrating screen with a chaotic vibration exciter as the main power source and a 3‐DOF (three translational movements) parallel kinetic chain as the kinematic constraint mechanism of the outer screen frame. Based on the topological structure theory, a hybrid mechanism with structure [4SOC{−Ci1∥Ri2∥Ri3−} + R, (i = 1,2,3,4)] was constructed as the kinematic constraint mechanism of the inner screen box of the chaotic vibrating screen to solve the freedom of motion and POC (position and orientation characteristic) equations of parallel kinematic constraint mechanism of the outer screen frame and hybrid constraint mechanism of the inner screen box. The dynamic simulation of a virtual prototype of the chaotic vibrating screen was carried out in ADAMS software, and MATLAB was used to chaos recognition of the simulation results. It was found that the chaotic exciter moved aperiodically in X‐, Y‐, and Z-directions when the chaotic exciter motor rotated at uniform speed, and the amplitude, velocity, and acceleration of the outer screen frame of the vibrating screen had characteristics of reciprocating aperiodic and irregular changes. Through the phase trajectories of the eccentric block and inner screen box of the exciter in all directions, it was observed that the motion output of the vibrating screen was a chaotic vibration. Therefore, the present paper can provide an important reference for the design and application of chaotic vibrating screens.
Numerical Calculation Method of Meshing Stiffness for the Beveloid Gear considering the Effect of Surface Topography
Authors: Mao Hancheng , Sun Yongguo , Xu Tiantian , Yu Guangbin
Published: May 2021

The tooth surfaces of beveloid gears have different topography features due to machining methods, manufacturing accuracies, and surface wear, which will affect the contact state of the tooth surface, thereby affecting time-varying mesh stiffness between mating gear pairs. Therefore, a slice grouping method was proposed in this paper on the basis of potential energy to calculate the total meshing stiffness of beveloid gears with the surface topography. The method in this paper was verified by finite element method (FEM). Compared with the calculation results of this paper, the relative error is 5.9%, which demonstrated the feasibility and accuracy of the method in this paper. Then, the influence of parameters such as pressure angle, helix angle, pitch angle, tooth width, fractal dimension, and fractal roughness on meshing stiffness was investigated, of which results show that pressure angle, pitch angle, tooth width, and fractal dimension have an incremental impact on the mean value of mesh stiffness. However, the fluctuating value of mesh stiffness has also increased as the pressure angle, tooth width, and pitch cone angle increase. Both the helix angle and the fractal roughness have a depressive impact on the total stiffness. But the difference is that, with the increase of the helix angle, the fluctuation of meshing stiffness has been decreased. Conversely, with the increase of the fractal roughness, the fluctuation of meshing stiffness has been increased.
Research on Multi-Target Network Security Assessment with Attack Graph Expert System Model
Authors: Li Yunpeng , Li Xi
Published: May 2021

With the rapid development of the Internet, network attacks often occur, and network security is widely concerned. Searching for practical security risk assessment methods is a research hotspot in the field of network security. Network attack graph model is an active detection technology for the attack path. From the perspective of the attacker, it simulated the whole network attack scenario and then presented the dependency among the vulnerabilities in the target network in the way of directed graph. It is an effective tool for analyzing network vulnerability. This paper describes in detail the common methods and tools of network security assessment and analyzes the construction of theoretical model of attack graph, the optimization technology of attack graph, and the research status of qualitative and quantitative analysis technology of attack graph in network security assessment. The attack graph generated in the face of large-scale network is too complex to find the key vulnerability nodes accurately and quickly. Optimizing the attack graph and solving the key attack set can help the security manager better understand the security state of the nodes in the network system, so as to strengthen the security defense ability and guarantee the security of the network system. For all kinds of loop phenomena of directed attribute attack graph, the general method of eliminating loop is given to get an acyclic attack graph. On the basis of acyclic attack graph, an optimization algorithm based on path complexity is proposed, which takes atomic attack distance and atomic weight into consideration, and on the basis of simplified attack graph, minimum-cost security reinforcement is carried out for the network environment. Based on the ant colony algorithm, the adaptive updating principle of changing pheromone and the local searching strategy of the adaptive genetic algorithm are proposed to improve the ant colony algorithm. The experimental results show that compared with the ant colony algorithm, the improved ant colony algorithm can speed up the process of solving the optimal solution. When the number of attack paths is large, the advantages of the improved ant colony algorithm in solving accuracy and late search speed are more obvious, and it is more suitable for large-scale networks.
[Retracted] Hadoop‐Based Painting Resource Storage and Retrieval Platform Construction and Testing
Authors: Zu Chenhua
Published: May 2021

This paper adopts Hadoop to build and test the storage and retrieval platform for painting resources. This paper adopts Hadoop as the platform and MapReduce as the computing framework and uses Hadoop Distributed Filesystem (HDFS) distributed file system to store massive log data, which solves the storage problem of massive data. According to the business requirements of the system, this paper designs the system according to the process of web text mining, mainly divided into log data preprocessing module, log data storage module, log data analysis module, and log data visualization module. The core part of the system is the log data analysis module. The analysis of search keywords ranking, Uniform Resource Locator (URL), and user click relationship, URL ranking, and other dimensions are realized through data statistical analysis, and Canopy coarse clustering is performed first according to search keywords, and then K‐means clustering is used for the results after Canopy clustering, and the calculation of cosine similarity is adopted to realize the grouping of users and build user portrait. The Hadoop development environment is installed and deployed, and functional and performance tests are conducted on the contents implemented in this system. The constructed private cloud platform for remote sensing image data can realize online retrieval of remote sensing image metadata and fast download of remote sensing image data and solve the problems in storage, data sharing, and management of remote sensing image data to a certain extent.
Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives of Bioleaching for Recovering Heavy Metals from Mine Tailings
Authors: Gao Xiufang , Jiang Li , Mao Yilin , Yao Bin , Jiang Peihua
Published: May 2021

The accumulation of mine tailings on Earth is a serious environmental challenge. The importance for the recovery of heavy metals, together with the economic benefits of precious and base metals, is a strong incentive to develop sustainable methods to recover metals from tailings. Currently, researchers are attempting to improve the efficiency of metal recovery from tailings using bioleaching, a more sustainable method compared to traditional methods. In this work, the research status of using biological leaching technologies to recover heavy metals from tailings was reviewed. Furthermore, CiteSpace 5.7.R2 was used to visually analyze the keywords of relevant studies on biological leaching of tailings to intuitively establish the current research hotspots. We found that current research has made recent progress on influencing factors and microbial genetic data, and innovations have also been made regarding the improvement of the rate of metal leaching by biological leaching combined with other technologies. This is of great significance for the development of bioleaching technologies and industrial production of heavy metals in tailings. Finally, challenges and opportunities for bioleaching provide directions for further research by the scientific community.
The Potential Genes Mediate the Pathogenicity of Allogeneic CD4+T Cell in aGVHD Mouse Model
Authors: Yu Zhengyu , Qin Chenchen , Cao Min , He Xiaoya , Ren Hanyun , Liu Huihui
Published: May 2021

Acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) remains a significant and severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Due to the occurrence of aGVHD, allo‐HSCT significantly increases the mortality rate compared with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HSCT). In this study, auto‐HSCT and allo‐HSCT aGVHD mouse models were built to detect the difference in CD4+ lymphocyte in different tissues based on ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA‐Seq) analysis. Clustering analysis, functional annotation, and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was used to find hub genes. CD4+T cells were activated by MLR and cytokine stimulation. Cells were sorted out by a flow cell sorter. The selected genes were verified by qRT‐PCR, histology, and immunofluorescence staining. The GSE126518 GEO dataset was used to verify the hub genes. Enrichment analysis revealed four immune‐related pathways that play an important role in aGVHD, including immunoregulatory interactions between a lymphoid and a nonlymphoid cell, chemokine receptors binding chemokines, cytokine and cytokine receptor interaction, and the chemokine signaling pathway. At the same time, with the PPI network, 11 novel hub genes that were most likely to participate in immunoregulation in aGVHD were identified, which were further validated by qRT‐PCR and the GSE126518 dataset. Besides, the protein expression level of Cxcl7 was consistent with the sequencing results. In summary, this study revealed that immunoregulation‐related DEGs and pathways played a vital role in the onset of aGVHD. These findings may provide some new clues for probing the pathogenesis and treatment of aGVHD.
[Retracted] Adaptive Gaussian Incremental Expectation Stadium Parameter Estimation Algorithm for Sports Video Analysis
Authors: Geng Lizhi
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we propose an adaptive Gaussian incremental expectation stadium parameter estimation algorithm for sports video analysis and prediction through the study and analysis of sports videos. The features with more discriminative power are selected from the set of positive and negative templates using a feature selection mechanism, and a sparse discriminative model is constructed by combining a confidence value metric strategy. The sparse generative model is constructed by combining L1 regularization and subspace representation, which retains sufficient representational power while dealing with outliers. To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional multiplicative fusion mechanism, this paper proposes an adaptive selection mechanism based on Euclidean distance, which aims to detect deteriorating models in time during the dynamic tracking process and adopt corresponding strategies to construct more reasonable likelihood functions. Based on the Bayesian citation framework, the adaptive selection mechanism is used to combine the sparse discriminative model and the sparse generative model. Also, different online updating strategies are adopted for the template set and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) subspace to alleviate the drift problem while ensuring that the algorithm can adapt to the changes of target appearance in the dynamic tracking environment. Through quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the experimental results, it is verified that the algorithm proposed in this paper has stronger robustness compared with other classical algorithms. Our proposed visual object tracking algorithm not only outperforms existing visual object tracking algorithms in terms of accuracy, success rate, accuracy, and robustness but also achieve the performance required for real‐time tracking in terms of execution speed on the central processing unit (CPU). This paper provides an in‐depth analysis and discussion of the adaptive Gaussian incremental expectation stadium parameter estimation algorithm for sports video analysis. Using a variety of county‐level algorithms for analysis and multiple solutions to improve the accuracy of the results, we obtain a more efficient and accurate algorithm.
Using DTMB‐Based Passive Radar for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Detection
Authors: Zhu Huijie , Wang Lijun , Liu Mingqian
Published: May 2021

There is inevitable polarization angle deviation between the target echo signal and the direct path signal of illuminator of opportunity (IO) in passive radar. In order to investigate the potential performance loss in target detection induced by the random deviation, small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection experiments with digital television terrestrial multimedia broadcasting‐ (DTMB‐) based passive radar are conducted in this paper. Experimental results show that the polarization angles of the clutter signal and target echo signal are inconsistent. When the polarization diversity technology is used to suppress the clutter signal, the processing performance of the target echo signal may be reduced. On the premise that clutter is effectively suppressed by the processing algorithm, polarization synthesis can maximize the target echo signal processing gain. The effectiveness of the target localization algorithm combining time difference of arrival (TDOA) and direction of arrival (DOA) is also verified with polarization diversity reception in this paper.
Long Non-Coding RNA ARAP1-AS1 Facilitates the Progression of Cervical Cancer by Regulating miR-149-3p and POU2F2
Authors: Zhou Ling , Xu Xiao-li
Published: May 2021

Background: Emerging research has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) attach great importance to the progression of cervical cancer (CC). LncRNA ARAP1-AS1 was involved in the development of several cancers; however, its role in CC is far from being elucidated. Methods: Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was employed to detect ARAP1-AS1 and miR-149-3p expression in CC samples. CC cell lines (HeLa and C33A cells) were regarded as the cell models. The biological effect of ARAP1-AS1 on cancer cells was measured using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay and wound healing assay in vitro, and subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model and tail vein injection model in vivo. Furthermore, interactions between ARAP1-AS1 and miR-149-3p, miR-149-3p and POU class 2 homeobox 2 (POU2F2) were determined by bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR, Western blot, luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assay, respectively. Results: The expression of ARAP1-AS1 was enhanced in CC samples, while miR-149-3p was markedly suppressed. Additionally, ARAP1-AS1 overexpression enhanced the viability, migration, and invasion of CC cells. ARAP1-AS1 downregulated miR-149-3p via sponging it. ARAP1-AS1 and miR-149-3p exhibited a negative correlation in CC samples. On the other hand, ARAP1-AS1 enhanced the expression of POU2F2, which was validated as a target gene of miR-149-3p. Conclusion: ARAP1-AS1 was abnormally upregulated in CC tissues and indirectly modulated the POU2F2 expression via reducing miR-149-3p expression. Our study identified a novel axis, ARAP1-AS1/miR-149-3p/POU2F2, in CC tumorigenesis.
Estrogen Receptor Is Expressed in Uveal Melanoma: A Potential Target for Therapy
Authors: Schoenfield Lynn , Janse Sarah , Kline David , Aronow Mary E. , Singh Arun D. , Craven Caroline , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed , Cebulla Colleen M.
Published: May 2021

Background: Metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) has no effective treatment. To date, no publications have reported immunohistochemical evidence of estrogen receptors (ERs) in UM; however, changes in pathologic reporting for ER in breast carcinoma prompted a re-examination of ER in UM, as it could represent a potential therapeutic target. Objective: To determine if UM tumors express ER by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using current methodology for breast cancer and to evaluate ER gene expression using a publicly available UM database. Methods: A retrospective IHC analysis with clinical correlation was performed on 2 cohorts: 57 cases from the Cleveland Clinic (CC) and 50 from the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (OSUWMC). Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) UM Dataset of 80 patients was also performed. Results: Presence of ER was detected by IHC in 20 of 34 (59%) analyzable cases in the CC cohort. Of the 50 patients in the OSU cohort, 52 specimens from 47 patients were sufficient for analysis. Of these 47 cases, 29 (62%) had tumor that was ER positive in ≥1% nuclei. In the second cohort, positivity was classified as positive (≥10% nuclei, 34% cases) or low positive (1–9% nuclei, 28% cases). In 5 patients, there were paired samples, that is, primary tumor and subsequent recurrence or metastasis, with concordance for ER in 4 of 5 cases. In the TCGA database, elevated ESR1 and ESR2 gene expression was identified in a subset of UM tumors with poor genetic prognostic features. Conclusions and Relevance: Potentially actionable ER expression is present in greater than half of UM cases by IHC. Gene expression of ESR1 and ESR2 was elevated in a subset of UM tumors with poor prognostic features. These data provide a rationale to evaluate ER as a potential target for therapy in UM.
Neuroprotective Effect of Brimonidine against Facial Nerve Crush Injury in Rats via Suppressing GFAP/PAF Activation and Neuroinflammation
Authors: Cai Jing , Li Liheng , Song Yongdong , Xu Lei , Mao Yanyan , Wang Haibo
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective action of brimonidine against facial nerve crush injury in rats and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: Sixty Wistar adult rats were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups: 40 rats underwent unilateral facial nerve crush injury and were administered with either saline (intraperitoneal, n = 20) or brimonidine 1 mg/kg/day (intraperitoneal, n = 20) for 5 consecutive days. Functional and electromyographic recovery was recorded postoperatively. The facial nucleus of 5 mice in each group was analyzed for mRNA expression levels of GFAP, PAF, NT-4, P75NTR, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and α2-ARs by qRT-PCR. Results: Brimonidine promoted the recovery of vibrissae movement, eyelid closure, and electrophysiological function in a rat model of nerve crush injury. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and electron microscopy showed significant recovery of Schwann cells and axons in the brimonidine group. Brimonidine attenuated the crush-induced upregulation in GFAP and PAF mRNA (p < 0.05), as well as enhanced the mRNA levels of NT-4 and P75NTR (p < 0.05), while decreased the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Brimonidine could promote the recovery of facial nerve crush injury in rats via suppressing of GFAP/PAF activation and neuroinflammation and increasing neurotrophic factors. Brimonidine may be apromising candidate agent for the treatment of facial nerve injury.
Quality and Quantity: How to Organize a Countrywide Genetic Counseling and Testing
Authors: Schmutzler Rita Katharina
Published: May 2021

Background: About 30% of all women with breast or ovarian cancer exhibit a family history of the disease. So far, the genetic cause could be deciphered in about 30% of these cases. The results demonstrate a high genetic heterogeneity, with high-risk and moderate-risk genes and low-risk variants contributing alone or in concert to the development of cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that the genotype significantly determines the phenotype and that knowledge of the phenotype is as important as the genotype to offer adequate and risk-adapted prevention to persons at risk. For newly identified risk genes, however, the phenotype is not sufficiently characterized at first, and thus prevention measures are not sufficiently evaluated. Summary: The German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer has developed a concept for collecting the missing data in the context of knowledge-generating care and at the same time ensuring care based on the best available knowledge. Core elements of this concept are: structured and standardized care, an outcome-oriented evaluation based on a comprehensive registry, networking with certified breast and gynecological cancer centers combined with regular training on state-of-the-art care for doctors, and compilation of comprehensible patient information. This comprehensive concept has been incorporated into contracts for specialized care with health insurers and thus ensures nationwide care at the highest scientific and clinical levels. Key Messages: This article describes how to implement a concept of evidence-generating care for risk-adjusted prevention in a nationwide health care system.
Excess Non-COVID-19 Mortality in Portugal: Seven Months after the First Death
Authors: Vieira André , Ricoca Peixoto Vasco , Aguiar Pedro , Sousa Paulo , Abrantes Alexandre
Published: May 2021

Background: On March 16, 2020, the first death from CO­VID-19 was recorded in Portugal. Since then, there has been a reorganization of health services, changing the normal approach for the different cases of public health. Excess deaths recorded without a COVID-19 diagnosis are called excess mortality without COVID-19 (EM non-COVID-19). This study aims to estimate the EM non-COVID in the 7-month period after the first registered Covid-19 death. Methods: The following 2 methods were used to estimate the excess mortality in this period: the daily historical average of reported deaths and an adapted auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, considering the previous 5 years of records until October 16. For this model, after March 16, data was replaced with the daily historical average deaths from the previous 5 years, simulating the closest scenario possible as there was no pandemic. Only deaths from natural causes were selected for these estimations. For EM non-COVID-19 estimation, we subtracted the COVID-19 deaths from the overall excess mortality. Results: Between March 16, 2020, and October 16, 2020, there was an excess of 6,330 deaths from natural causes, i.e., nearly 12% more than expected. Both methods estimated an EM non-COVID-19 of around 66–67% in this period, with a greater relevance in mid-July and mid-September. Conclusions: Excess mortality was present almost every day during the study period. EM non-COVID-19 seemed to vary over time, showing some inadequacy of healthcare services in management of other patients free of COVID-19 in Portugal during periods with a greater patient volume. It is necessary to take care and monitor COVID-19 cases but also non-COVID-19 cases.
Viral Replication and Antibody Kinetics in the Recognition of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Pecho-Silva Samuel , Navarro-Solsol Ana Claudia , Panduro-Correa Vicky , Rabaan Ali A. , Maguiña Jorge L. , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Arteaga-Livias Kovy
Published: May 2021

Following the discovery of COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, different studies have been carried out to recognize the stages of the disease and the methods of achieving correct diagnosis. Investigations of cases and their contacts have revealed different degrees in the symptomatology of the disease, with asymptomatic patients gaining relevance because of the controversy regarding their role in the spread of the disease. Recognition and assessment of asymptomatic patients is essential to carry out containment actions such as public health measures for affected patients and contacts. In this review, we assess the diagnostic aspects of asymptomatic patients according to the available evidence of people with COVID-19.