bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПИСЬМА КАК ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ИСТОЧНИК ПО ПОВСЕДНЕВНОЙ ЖИЗНИ ГИМНАЗИСТКИ НАЧАЛА XX в. (на примере эпистолярного наследия Е. А. Танской)
Authors:   Бурятский государственный университет имени Доржи Банзарова, Т. В. Паликова , Д. В. Бурлакова ,   Бурятский государственный университет имени Доржи Банзарова
Published: December 2023

Представленная статья посвящена анализу личной переписки гимназического периода заслуженного учителя Бурятской АССР Екатерины Александровны Танской (в девичестве Сергеевой). Авторами в вводной части показаны особенности писем как исторического источника, их информационная ценность, обращено внимание на скудную представленность женской переписки в историографии региона. Кроме того, во введении изложены основные вехи биографии героини статьи. Основная часть посвящена очерчиванию некоторых сюжетных линий писем Екатерины во времена ее обучения в Троицкосавской женской гимназии, таких как желание отделиться от родительской семьи, отношения в среде одноклассниц и читательские интересы гимназисток. В заключение авторами делается вывод о важности работы с эпистолярным наследием в силу того, что письма могут раскрывать интимные детали жизни, обычаи, традиции и социальные взаимодействия, которые могут быть упущены в других типах исторических источников.
Cambios socioemocionales en estudiantes de básica primaria y secundaria de Colombia durante el confinamiento por COVID-19
Authors: Negrete Doria Romelia , Cardona   Alarcón Lorena  Cardona , Quintero Catalina
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research article is to investigate the socioemotional changes experienced by students from two public educational institutions in Montería and Bogotá during the period of lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2021. The study seeks to understand how these changes reflect childhood subjectivity in terms of their ways of being and feeling. The research adopts a qualitative exploratory and interpretative approach; the participant population consists of boys and girls aged 7 to 12 in elementary and secondary levels. To collect information and data, a methodological design was implemented in three stages: 1) participant observation in the natural classroom environment during the return to in-person classes; 2) semi-structured interviews with directed questions to understand their moods and emotions; and 3) creation of drawings and cartograms to visualize places of interaction and special shared situations. The results revealed that children from both cities experienced changes, including a lack of interaction in school and the social effects of biosecurity measures, which had repercussions on the return to inperson classes, posing a challenge for teachers, students, and parents.
Una experiencia que promueve la participación de niñas y jóvenes en las matemáticas
Authors: Palomá Barrera Natalia Andrea
Published: December 2023

The participation of women in spaces dedicated to science and mathematicscontinues to be very limited compared to that of men; a gender gap persists as a result of a series of relationships that limit women’s access to these scenarios. This article presents the experience of Club de Mujeres que Aprenden Matemáticas as an approach that contributes to increasing the interest of girls and young women from the Institución Educativa Departamental Santa María de Ubaté in becoming academically and professionally involved in mathematics. This experience is presented from a critical and reflective framework on the situation and role of women in science, and on how schools and teachers can contribute to overcoming the barriers that limit their participation, at least in mathematics.
Editorial
Authors: Aguilar-Forero Nicolás , Cortés-García Cristian Alejandro
Published: December 2023

Editorial letter number 14-2
Determination of elastic constants for scots pine wood using ultrasound
Authors: GÜNTEKİN Ergün
Published: December 2023

Elastic constants of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood grown in Turkey were investigated using non-destructive ultrasound tests. Elastic modulus in longitudinal and perpendicular directions (EL, ER, ET), shear modulus in principal planes (GLR, GLT, GRT) and Poisson ratios (ʋLR, ʋRL ʋLT, ʋLT, ʋRT, ʋTR) were calculated using cubic samples (20 mm) which were conditioned at 65 % relative humidity and 21 °C. Longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic sound velocities in fiber (L), radial (R) and tangential (T) directions were measured using 2.25 MHz and 1 MHz sensors, respectively. Transverse sound wave velocities at an angle of 45° to the L, R and T directions were also measured with a 1 MHz sensor in order to calculate the Poisson ratios. The predicted elastic modulus based on ultrasound in L, R, T directions were 10600, 1300 and 470 N/mm2, respectively. The predicted shear modulus based on ultrasound in LR, LT, RT planes were 1180, 1050 and 350 N/mm2, respectively. Poisson ratios varied between 0.04 to 0.95. Comparing the data available in the literature, elastic constants of scots pine determined using ultrasonic method were within the acceptable values.
Salvage of thumb in a crush injury by a groin flap
Authors: Salunke Prachi P. , Davhale Pushkar L. , Khedkar Nayan R. , Kulkarni Ananta A.
Published: December 2023

The primary function of the hand and fingers is to grasp or manipulate objects of any size or shape with fine touch, strength and the required amount of pressure. The thumb plays a crucial role as unlike other fingers it can work opposite of all digits and carry functions like pinching and grasping, which most of the human activities are dependent on. Crush Injuries of the hand can be severe which can lead to amputation of the digits. Hereby discussing a case of 54-year-old gentleman who met with a road traffic accident with resultant crush injury to the right hand and thumb managed by microsurgery using a groin flap reconstruction of the thumb followed by skeletal stabilization of right-hand digits. The following case report is a concise approach to manage a crush injury with restoration of maximal function of the thumb using a groin flap.
Maternal Kin Group as a Provider of Mental Support and Cultural Intimacy in late Chosŏn Society
Authors:   HUFS Institute of History and Culture, Park Mee Hae
Published: December 2023

This paper analyzed the diary of Noh Sang­chu(盧尙樞: 1746-1829), a military officer in the late Choson Dynasty, and found that he was actively engaged in psychological exchanges with his maternal relatives. The relatives of mother family attended the mourning ceremony of the Noh family and shared joy and sadness together. Noh Sang­chu also attended the memorial service as a maternal grandson and fulfill his duties and roles. Such close relationship presents a ‘jeongdam(情談)’ culture which stands for sharing chats every time they meet and a spiritual exchange that only designated group of ‘jijeong(至情)’ can make. The ‘jijeong(至情)’ group that was close to Noh Sang­chu included his uncles, who were Noh Sang­chu‘s maternal uncles, and cousins who were sons of Noh’s father’s sister. In order to live adjacent to the ‘jijeong(至情)’ of maternal grandmother and other relatives, Noh family moved to mother’s hometown (Ungok). Noh Sang­chu treated his mother’s relatives with sincere ‘jijeong(至情)’, and his mother relatives also had a ‘jeongdam(情談)’ culture in which they spent time together by exchanging conversations when they visited Noh Sang­chu‘s house. Relatives of their mother family and Noh Sang­chu were showing sincerity as jijeong(至情) each other. As an uncle Noh Sang­chu took care of his nephew‘s smallpox. In his old age as a maternal grandfather, Noh prepared his granddaughter’s wedding and made his grandson socialize through learning housework as a ‘jijeong(至情)’. This paper, which illustrates emotional support and exchange of the mother’s family as an example of ‘jijeong(至情)’ and ‘jeongdam(情談)’ of the Noh Sang­chu family in the late Chosŏn Dynasty, suggests that not only the father but also the relatives from the mother’s side were involved in the socialization of younger generations through developing intimate relationships.
Zooming into the L2 Speech Fluency Markers of Anxious and Non-Anxious Advanced L2 Learners – an Extreme Case Sampling Report
Authors: Szyszka Magdalena , Lintunen Pekka
Published: December 2023

The study examines selected temporal markers of L2 utterance fluency in the speech of advanced L2 learners who exhibit high (HLA) and low (LLA) language anxiety levels. Out of the pool of 59 participants, six HLA and six LLA individuals were selected for an in-depth analysis on the basis of their scores on the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (the FLCAS) (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986). Speech samples from a monologue task were examined for selected L2 utterance fluency measures: filled (FP) and silent pause (SP) frequency, mean length of silent pause (MLSP), articulation rate (AR), speech rate (SR), and mean length of run (MLR). The results provided insights into the L2 speech fluency profiles of anxious and non-anxious individuals. The analysis disclosed relatively higher frequency and disparate application of FPs, slower speed of speech, and more varied profiles in MLR in the HLA group as compared to the LLA group. The findings yield pedagogical and methodological implications.
2018 Kur Şoku ve Türkiye Ekonomisine Yansımaları
Authors: AKKOÇ Soner
Published: December 2023

Türkiye ekonomisi uzun yıllardır enflasyon ve cari açık, dönem dönemde dolarizasyon sorunu yaşamaktadır. Gelişmekte olan birçok ülke, büyüme oranlarını artırabilmek için yabancı yatırımlara ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Ancak yabancı sermayeye duyulan ihtiyaç, kur şokunun yaşandığı dönemlerde ekonomide ani duruşa varabilen sorunları da beraberinde getirebilmektedir. Yüksek cari açık ve artan dış borçlar ülke riskinin arttığı dönemlerde kur şoku yaşanmasına altyapı oluşturmaktadır. Cari açık borçlar çevirebildiği, kurlar görece istikrarlı olduğu müddetçe sorun oluşturmayabilir. Ancak gerek iç gerek dış faktörler ile borçların yenilenme sorunu ortaya çıkarsa ülke ekonomileri zorlanabilir. Benzer şekilde yerel para birimindeki hızlı ve yüksek oranlı değer kayıpları da aynı sıkıntıları doğurabilir. Bu olumsuzluklara, ülkede yaşanan dolarizasyon da eşlik ediyorsa sorunlar büyüyebilir. Türkiye Ağustos 2018’de kur şoku yaşamış dolar, Türk lirası karşısında yılbaşına göre %91 oranında artış göstermiştir. Yaşanan kur şoku birçok sorunu beraberinde getirmiştir. O tarihten bu yana reel sektör borçlarını ödemekte zorlanmaya başlamıştır. İflas ve konkordatolar görülmüştür. Krizin banka bilançolarına da olumsuz yansımaları olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Ağustos 2018 kur şokunun Türkiye ekonomisi ve Türk Bankacılık Sektörüne verdiği zararı analiz etmekteyiz.
Türkiye'de İkiz Açık Hipotezinin Geçerliliğinin Test Edilmesi
Authors: YILDIRIM Cevriye Yüksel
Published: December 2023

Ülke ekonomilerinde kamunun genişletici para ve maliye politikaları sonucunda gelirlerinden fazla harcamalarda bulunması bütçe açığına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum özel sektöründe harcamalarında artışa neden olmaktadır. Özel sektörün yerli mallara olan yoğun talebi ihracatı azaltmakta, yabancı mallara olan talebi ise ithalatı arttırmaktadır. Artan ithalat ve azalan ihracata bağlı olarak cari açık durumu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bütçe açığındaki süreklilik cari açığı da beraberinde arttırmaktadır. Ekonomilerde bu iki açığın birlikte meydana gelmesi ikiz açık olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Günümüze kadar iktisadi yaklaşımlara göre ikiz açık konusunda farklı bakış açıları ortaya atılmıştır. İkiz açık hipotezi özellikle son yirmi yılda gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin üzerinde önemli araştırmalar yaptığı konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerden biri olan Türkiye içinde ikiz açık konusu önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin 1999-2021 yılları arasındaki yıllık verileri kullanılarak eş bütünleşme analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre iki değişken arasında bir eş bütünleşme sonucuna ulaşılamamıştır.
Natural movement of the population of the Komi ASSR in 1946-1959
Authors: Lytkina U.
Published: December 2023

The paper deals with the natural movement of the population of the Komi ASSR in 1946-1959. The post-war period was the most pronounced stage of the demographic transition in the republic. The problems of statistical accounting of the population movement in the post-war years are considered. The dynamics of absolute and relative indicators of fertility, mortality, marriage and divorce are analyzed. The influence of gender, age, nationality and type of settlement on the intensity of natural population movement is estimated. The transformation of the structure of causes of mortality, including infant mortality, is considered. Territorial differences in indicators of natural population movement at the level of urban settlements and Village Soviets are revealed.
Prediction of drag coefficient of a hybrid body design of aircraft
Authors: Viswanath Shreya , Vasan Riya , Gopalan Venkatachalam , Satonkar Nilesh
Published: December 2023

This study presents a design of a quintessential hybrid body aircraft, a blended NACA 4414 airfoil winged body. The Design of Elements approach, via Response Surface Methodology (RSM), is used to evaluate the influence of frontal area, chamber angle and materials on the drag coefficient. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is carried out to find the influences of the same. In order to minimize the simulations, a model in RSM, Central Composite Design (CCD) is used. The results of the same are verified via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Moreover, combinations of shape memory polymers with composites and graphene nano powder are proposed, for light-weighting and enhanced mechanical properties. A comparison of said materials with commercially used aluminum alloys is done. It is found that the lowest drag coefficient is achievable at a frontal area of 1625 m2 with an angle of attack of -10o and with a material combination of carbon fiber reinforced polymer, glass fiber reinforced polymer, and 10% graphene nano powder by weight.
Features of using the over-skiving method for multi-pass cutting of external gears
Authors: Hrytsai Ihor , Slipchuk Andrii
Published: December 2023

Problem. There is a problem of determining the working parameters, including axial feed and cutting speed, as well as the helix angle of the teeth of the disc cutter and the tool spindle, the geometry of the cutting part, and the cutting depth per pass in Power skiving technology.Objective. It is necessary to investigate the cutting process using the Power Skiving method for generating external gears over multiple passes and develop recommendations for selecting its optimal parameters.Implementation methodology. The cutting force and its tangential component acting on the cutter are presented based on the fundamental principles of cutting theory, using the function of the cross-sectional area of the cut, the material strength limits of the workpiece for shear, and the intensity of plastic deformation of the chip. Calculations of the cut area are based on a graphoanalytical 3D model of the undeformed chip. The coefficient of shear intensity is determined depending on the thickness of the cut layers using the Deform 2D system. The study of the force factors is conducted in the initial stage for single-tooth cutting, considering the operation of a single tooth of the tool, and for multi-tooth cutting conditions, corresponding to real cutting and forming conditions in this method.Results. Analysis of harmonic vibrations with different frequencies of the investigated forces indicates that, under average loading, the maximum principal component of the cutting force occurs on the third pass, and the tangential force on the tool axis occurs on the first pass. The variation in the frequency of these signals is explained by changes in the contact angle between the tool and the gear wheel in the machine engagement and the different number of teeth involved in cutting.Conclusions. The obtained data allowed the development of a methodology for selecting rational parameters - axial feed values, the number of passes with different cutting depths to minimize time consumption, and achieve the desired accuracy of gears. It has been demonstrated that to reduce processing errors, it is most rational to decrease cutting force by increasing the number of passes, rather than reducing the axial feed.
Alternative technologies of composite of highly loaded aircraft structures: a qualitative method for making multicriteria decisions: Part III. Research of the methodological basis in decision-making: technological constructions in in the assessment toolki
Authors: Zabashta Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

The third part of the article proceeds from the starting points in the decision-making problem (DMP) specified in the first stages of research [1, 2]. Here, we continue to compare the predominance (first of all, quality) of autoclave and non-autoclave alternative technological processes (ATP) as part of the stages of TP(e) with a linear algorithm of end-to-end action in the manufacture of carbon fiber (CF) aircraft structures (AC) such as highly loaded wing stringer panels (HLS) of B787, A350, MC-21, CSeries mainline aircraft as a component of hierarchical systems. To describe and study them, the following were involved: initial technological and verbal models, technological and mathematical model of an autonomous dynamic system (ADS) and a number of two-dimensional manifolds (topology) to it in the form of technological and geometric models. The article continues the study of development in this direction by approximating manifolds by polyhedra. Including co-cellular and double-formed structures - pentagonal pyramids and bipyramids, as well as bodies of revolution around them - cone and bicon. Examples of schematic and technological interpretive modeling are presented. The methodological basis is the main provisions of decision-making theory, factor analysis and system-process approach with the involvement of practice results (expert analysis), first of all, the definition of technological factors of processes with criterion assessments of the advantages, components of alternatives in their competitive strategies.
The potential of using 3D printing in the manufacture of mini hydraulic systems
Authors: Kostiuchenko Ivan , Levchenko Oleh
Published: December 2023

The work is devoted to an analytical engineering study of the practicality of using 3D printing for the manufacture of hydraulic components, in order to solve the problems associated with weight, size and complexity inherent in traditional hydraulic elements. The research aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using 3D printing to achieve simplified design and increased efficiency. The work presents samples of hydraulic elements printed on a 3D printer, which reflects the practical feasibility of this approach. A simple and practical design methodology is proposed for two key components of a typical hydraulic system, namely, a hydraulic cylinder and a directional servo-valve, which allows hydraulic actuators to be controlled using any programmable microcontroller. A distinctive feature of this approach is the emphasis on the principles of compact design, which facilitates the integration of many parts into single, multifunctional part. In addition, the use of lightweight materials in 3D printing helps reduce the overall weight of hydraulic components. The proposed method also allows the integration of various hydraulic elements into a single integral structure printed on a 3D printer, offering a pragmatic solution to the size and complexity issues associated with traditional metal hydraulic systems. The scope of this innovative approach extends to the creation of prototypes of hydraulic and pneumatic robots, as well as devices that require compactness, precision and adaptability. This methodology is promising for implementation in the field of robotics, especially for tasks where space and weight constraints are critical factors.
Bifurcation Analysis of the Problem of Two Vortices on a Finite Flat Cylinder
Authors:   Ural Mathematical Center, Udmurt State University, Kilin A. A. ,   Ural Mathematical Center, Udmurt State University, Artemova E. M.
Published: December 2023

This paper addresses the problem of the motion of two point vortices of arbitrary strengths in an ideal incompressible fluid on a finite flat cylinder. A procedure of reduction to the level set of an additional first integral is presented. It is shown that, depending on the parameter values, three types of bifurcation diagrams are possible in the system. A complete bifurcation analysis of the system is carried out for each of them. Conditions for the orbital stability of generalizations of von Kármán streets for the problem under study are obtained.
Role of serum sodium on heart, anemia, and diabetes patients
Authors: Das Mahashweta , Medda Sunit Kumar , Banik Shipra , Das Rabindra Nath
Published: December 2023

This article examines the role of serum sodium (SNa) on heart, anemia, and diabetes patients based on a real data set of 299 patients and probabilistic modeling. It is derived herein that mean SNa is positively associated with the marginal effects of platelets count (PLC) (P = 0.0019), anemia status (ANS) (P = 0.1053) (partially), creatinine phosphokinase (CRP) (P = 0.0462), smoking habit (SMH) (P= 0.1017), SEX (P = 0.0029), and the joint interaction effects (JIEs) of ejection fraction (EJF) and the status of high blood pressure (HBP), i.e., EJF*HBP (P = 0.1398); ANS and death event (DEE), i.e., ANS*DEE (P = 0.0009); age and time to follow-up (TTF), i.e., AGE*TTF (P = 0.0700); age and serum creatinine (SEC), i.e., AGE*SEC (P = 0.0901); EJF and SEC, i.e., EJF*SEC (P = 0.0044); and CRP and TTF, i.e., CRP*TTF (P = 0.0021). Mean SNa is negatively associated with the marginal effects of DEE (P = 0.0001), TTF (P= 0.0521), SEC (P = 0.0028), diabetes status (DIS) (P = 0.0121), and the JIEs of PLC*ANS (P = 0.1064), CRP*SMH (P = 0.0274), CRP*HBP (P = 0.0044), AGE*PLC (P = 0.0811), AGE*SEX (P = 0.0008), AGE*CRP (P = 0.0463), and EJF*PLC (P = 0.0420). The variance of SNa is marginally positively associated with AGE (P = 0.0933), DEE (P = 0.1408), and the JIEs of AGE*ANS (P = 0.0575), EJF*SEX (P = 0.1001), SEC*SMH (P = 0.0091), EJF*TTF (P = 0.0008), CRP*DIS (P = 0.0039), EJF*DEE (P = 0.0022), and SEC*DIS (P = 0.0001). Also the variance of SNa is marginally negatively associated with ANS (P = 0.0631), EJF (P = 0.0008), DIS (P = 0.0548), PLC (P = 0.0023), SMH (P = 0.0242), TTF (P = 0.0018), CRP (P = 0.0027), and the JIEs of AGE*DEE (P = 0.0003) and SEC*SEX (P = 0.1327). SNa maintains a complex relationship with different patients and factors, and they have both marginal and JIEs on SNa. Medical practitioners and researchers should care about the complicated functional roles of SNa.
A novel approach of evaluating crosstalk for near-infrared spectrometers
Authors: Chen Zemeng , Cao Xinliang , Li Xianglin , Pan Boan , Wang Pengbo , Li Ting
Published: December 2023

Multi-channel and multi-parameter near-infrared spectrometers (NIRS) have gradually become a new research direction and hot spot due to their ability to provide real-time, continuous, comprehensive indicators of multiple parameters. However, multi-channel and multi-parameter detection may lead to crosstalk between signals. There is still a lack of benchmarks on the evaluation of reliability, sensitivity, stability and response consistency of the NIRS instrument. In this study, a set of test methods (the ink drop test, multi-channel crosstalk test and multi-parameter crosstalk test) for analysis crosstalk and verifying the reliability of NIRS were conducted to test experimental verification on a multi-channel (8-channel), multi-parameter (4-parameter) NIRS instrument independently developed by our team. Results show that these tests can be used to analyze the signal crosstalk and verify the reliability, sensitivity, stability and response consistency in the NIRS instrument. This study contributes to the establishment of benchmarks for the NIRS instrument crosstalk and reliability testing. These novel tests have the potential to become the benchmark for the NIRS instrument reliability testing.
A Blockchain-Based Scalability Solution with Microgrids Peer-to-Peer Trade
Authors: Boumaiza Ameni
Published: December 2023

In recent years, advancements in rooftop solar panel technology have sparked a revolution in the electricity markets. This has given rise to a new concept of energy exchange - the ability for consumers and producers to trade localized energy. This concept has been made possible by the emergence of blockchain technology, which has gained significant traction in the energy markets. Its unique ability to facilitate peer-to-peer (P2P) energy transactions has made it a promising solution for the trilemma of scalability, security, and decentralization. However, while blockchain technology has shown great potential, it is still in its early stages of development and has yet to reach its full potential. To fully understand the potential of blockchain technology in P2P energy trading, it is important to explore the trilemma in depth. This study proposes a blockchain-based scalability solution, with a focus on P2P energy trade. This strategy is supported by empirical modeling, utilizing data gathered from a trial case study. The results of this study demonstrate that the suggested technique outperforms base layer models in terms of scalability, while still maintaining the essential elements of security and decentralization. This proposed solution not only has the potential to revolutionize the energy markets, but also has broader implications. By providing a more secure and decentralized platform for P2P energy trading, it has the potential to address issues of energy distribution inequality and promote the adoption of renewable energy. With blockchain technology, individuals and communities have the opportunity to take control of their energy usage and production, reducing their reliance on traditional centralized energy systems. This not only has the potential to lower energy costs for consumers, but also contributes to the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions and mitigating the effects of climate change. The combination of rooftop solar panel technology and blockchain applications has the potential to create a significant shift towards decentralized and sustainable energy systems. This will not only benefit individuals and communities, but also have a positive impact on the environment and the global energy market as a whole. However, for this transition to occur, it is crucial that governments and energy companies continue to support and invest in these advancements.
Regional-Scale Paleo–Proterozoic Heating Event on Archean Acasta Gneisses in Slave Province, Canada: Insights from K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar Chronology
Authors: Sato Megumi , Hyodo Hironobu , Sugiura Kei , Tsujimori Tatsuki , Itaya Tetsumaru
Published: December 2023

Slave Province in Canada is an Archean granite-supracrustal terrane at the northwestern corner of the Canadian Shield. It is bordered by the Thelon–Taltson orogen (2.0 to 1.9 Ga) to the south-east and the Wopmay orogen (1.9 to 1.8 Ga) to the west. Acasta gneisses exposed in the western-most Slave province and the Wopmay rocks close to the gneisses were collected systematically for K-Ar and laser step-heating 40Ar /39Ar analyses of the biotite and amphibole. The K-Ar biotite ag-es of the four Wopmay samples range from 1816 ± 18 Ma to 1854 ± 26 Ma, which is within the reported U-Pb zircon age range of the Wopmay orogen. The K-Ar biotite ages of the fifteen Acasta gneisses range from 1779 ± 25 Ma to 1877 ± 26 Ma, except for a younger sample (1711 ± 25 Ma). The 40Ar/39Ar biotite analyses of the three samples from the Wopmay orogen give the plateau ages of 1826 ± 21 Ma, 1886 ± 13 Ma, and 1870 ± 18 Ma. On the other hand, the 40Ar/39Ar analyses of the biotite crystals from the Acasta gneiss show a variety of ages. Three samples show the plateau ages of 1877 ± 8 Ma, 1935 ± 14 Ma, and 1951 ± 11 Ma. These plateau ages are a little older than the total gas ages. The 40Ar/39Ar analyses of the amphibole crystals show more varied age rela-tions. The two samples show consistent age relations between the plateau ages (1814 ± 22 Ma and 1964 ± 12 Ma) and the total gas ages (1789 ± 23 Ma and 1967 ± 11 Ma), respectively. Some sam-ples have the apparent old age of 2000 Ma in the middle temperature fractions. These old frac-tions are due to that the originally existed amphibole crystals formed in Archean were affected by the thermal events during the Wopmay orogeny. but did not fully reset. The results suggest that the K-Ar system ages of the biotite and amphibole of the Archean Acasta gneiss that is aged from 4200 to 2600 Ma of zircon U-Pb ages were rejuvenated in the Paleo–Proterozoic ages. The heat source that rejuvenated the K-Ar system ages may have arisen due to the asthenospheric intrusion into the wedge mantle, which took place because of the subduction rollback.
Impact of Cleaning on Membrane Performance during Surface Water Treatment: A Hybrid Process with Biological Ion Exchange and Gravity-Driven Membranes
Authors: Rasouli Yaser , Barbeau Benoit , Maltais-Tariant Raphaël , Boudoux Caroline , Claveau-Mallet Dominique
Published: December 2023

In this study, the hybrid biological ion exchange (BIEX) resin and gravity-driven membrane (GDM) process was employed for the treatment of coloured and turbid river water. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of both physical and chemical cleaning methods on ceramic and polymeric membranes in terms of stabilised flux, flux recovery after physical/chemical cleaning, and permeate quality. To address these objectives, two types of MF and UF membranes were utilised (M1 = polymeric MF, M2 = polymeric UF, M3 = ceramic UF, and M4 = lab-made ceramic MF).Throughout extended operation, the resin functioned initially in the primary ion exchange (IEX) region (NOM displacement with pre-charged chloride) and progressed to a secondary IEX stage (NOM displacement with bicarbonate and sulphate), while membrane flux remained stable. Subsequently, physical cleaning involved air/water backwash with two different flows and pressures, and chemical cleaning utilised NaOH at concentrations of 20 and 40 mM, as well as NaOCl at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg Cl2/L. These processes were carried out to assess flux recovery and identify fouling reversibility. The results indicated an endpoint of 1,728 bed volumes (BV) for the primary IEX region, while the secondary IEX continued up to 6,528 BV. At the end of the operation, DOC and UVA254 removal in the effluent of the BIEX columns were 68% and 81%, respectively, compared to influent water. This was followed by 30% and 57% DOC and UVA254 removal by M4 (ceramic MF). The stabilised flux remained approximately 3.8 – 5.2 LMH both before and after the cleaning process, suggesting that membrane materials do not play a pivotal role. The mean stabilised flux of polymeric membranes increased after cleaning, whereas that of ceramics decreased. Enhanced air–water backwash flow and pressure resulted in increased removal of hydraulic reversible fouling, which was identified as the dominant fouling type. Ceramic membranes exhibited higher removal of reversible hydraulic fouling than polymeric membranes. Chemical cleaning had a low impact on flux recovery; therefore, we recommend solely employing physical cleaning.
Embryotoxicity Induced by Triclopyr in Early Life Stage of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Bertoni Ítalo , Sales Bianca Camargo Penteado , Viriato Cristina , Peixoto Paloma Vitória Lima , Pereira Lílian Cristina
Published: December 2023

Triclopyr is an auxin-like herbicide extensively employed to manage weeds in food crops and pastures. Triclopyr has been detected in environmental matrices, with a notable presence within aquatic ecosystems. Given the limited understanding of its fate in the environment, potential implications for environmental and human health, and the lack of adequate monitoring in various environmental compartments, triclopyr is now considered a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC). The present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of triclopyr on zebrafish development, with a specific focus on assessing its embryotoxic, behavioral, and neurotoxic effects at environmentally realistic concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 50 µM on zebrafish embryos. Our results revealed that triclopyr caused sublethal effects on zebrafish embryos, such as delayed hatchability at 50 µM, yolk sac retention at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 µM, and uninflated swim bladder at 50 µM concentration of triclopyr. Moreover, a subtle alteration in the swimming activity of larvae was observed in the 10 µM triclopyr after 144 hours of exposure. However, the activity of acetylcholinesterase, remained unchanged after triclopyr exposure. Taken together, these comprehensive findings suggest that triclopyr can induce adverse effects on the early development of zebrafish, even at concentrations detected in aquatic environments.
An Evolutionary Theory on Virus Mutation in COVID-19
Authors: Luo Liaofu , Lv Jun
Published: December 2023

With the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the emergence of new strains is an intriguing question. This paper presents an evolutionary theory to analyze the mutations of the virus and identify the conditions that lead to the generation of new strains. We represent the virus variants using a 4-letter sequence based on amino acid mutations on the spike protein and employ an n-distance algorithm to derive a variant phylogenetic tree. We show that the theoretically-derived tree aligns with experimental data on virus evolution. Additionally, we propose an A-X model, utilizing the set of existing mutation sites (A) and a set of randomly generated sites (X), to calculate the emergence of new strains. Our findings demonstrate that a sufficient number of random iterations can predict the generation of new macro-lineages when the number of sites in X is large enough. These results provide a crucial theoretical basis for understanding the evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
Impacts of the Expected Loss Model on Pro-Cyclicality, Earnings Management, and Equity Management
Authors: Resende Miguel , Carvalho Carla , Carmo Cecília
Published: December 2023

This article delves into the pro-cyclicality of Loan Loss Provisions (LLPs) and earnings management, along with equity management, in Portuguese banks against the backdrop of implementing the IFRS 9's Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model. It concentrates on how LLPs mirror economic cycles and financial management practices, providing valuable insights into the operational dynamics of the Portuguese banking sector, marked by distinct economic and regulatory challengesThe research examined a sample of five Portuguese commercial banks, chosen from a group of seventeen in the Portuguese Banking Association. Data spanning from 2013 to 2022 were manually gathered. A multiple linear regression model was employed to scrutinize the relationship between LLPs and variables indicative of economic cycles and the earnings and equity management. The methodology aligns with the approaches of Araújo et al. (2018), Beatty and Liao (2014), and Casta et al. (2019). The analysis indicates a pro-cyclicality in LLPs within the Portuguese context, with a positive response of LLPs to economic indicators like unemployment. Contrarily, the extent of earnings and equity management under the ECL model was less marked compared to the Incurred Credit Loss (ICL) model, suggesting the impact of more stringent regulatory measures. The research corroborates the pro-cyclicality of LLPs in Portuguese banks under the ECL framework, underscoring the necessity for ongoing monitoring and refinement of models for forecasting and recognizing credit losses. The findings point to an area for improvement in financial management practices, despite regulatory enhancements, to promote transparency and ensure financial stability.
Mature Cystic Teratoma of Spinal Cord - A Rare Case Report of Spinal Tumor
Authors: Kathayat Priyangi , Desai Dev , Teraiya Tushar , Shah Sahil , Gami Vismit
Published: December 2023

Presenting a rare case of adult-onset mature cystic teratoma of the spinal cord in the thoracolumbar spinal cord in a 54-year-old male whose chief complaint was lower back pain radiating to both legs while other findings were normal. X-ray images of the thoracolumbar spine showed early degenerative changes and unfused posterior elements noted in lower sacral vertebral levels. Magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine showed a well-defined non-enhancing intramedullary altered intensity lesion noted at the level of conus at the L1-L2 vertebral level. The resected tumour was histopathologically diagnosed as a mature cystic teratoma. The patient's symptoms improved following the surgery.
Reduction of Alternaria Toxins by Extrusion Processing of Whole Grain Red Sorghum Flour
Authors: Janić Hajnal Elizabet , Babič Janja , Pezo Lato , Banjac Vojislav , Filipčev Bojana , Miljanić Jelena , Kos Jovana , Jakovac Strajn Breda
Published: December 2023

The study delved into the impact of two extrusion processing parameters—screw speed (SS at 400, 600, 800 RPM) and material moisture content in the extruder barrel (M at 12, 15, 18%) at constant feed rate (50 kg/h)—on reducing the content of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA), and tentoxin (TEN) in whole-grain red sorghum flour. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for determination of Alternaria toxin levels. The extruder die temperature ranged between 136 and 177 °C, the pressure at the die was from 0.16 to 6.23 MPa, the specific mechanical energy ranged from 83.5 to 152.3 kWh/t, the torque ranged between 88 to 162.8 Nm, while the mean retention time of material in the barrel was between 5.6 and 13 s. Optimal parameters for reducing the concentration of all Alternaria toxins with the satisfactory quality of sorghum snacks were: SS=400 RPM, M= 12%, with a reduction of 61.4, 76.4, 12.1 and 50.8% for AOH, AME, TeA and TEN, respectively.
Model Test Study on Rock Rolling Characteristics
Authors: Hu Ning , Sun Gangchen , Liu Feng , YANG Bai , You Yonggen , Li Hailing
Published: December 2023

In order to study the influence of falling rock shape on its rolling characteristics and realize the optimization of falling rock protection design, the following research was carried out. Design model experiments to explore the rolling characteristics of different shapes of rockfalls. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the slenderness ratio, center of gravity, and rotational inertia of the rockfalls can affect their rolling characteristics, leading to swaying and changing the rolling axis during the rolling process, thereby affecting their rolling speed. On this basis, the formation mechanism of rolling resistance is analyzed, and the main cause of energy loss is the rolling resistance arm formed with the rolling surface during rockfall rolling, and a shape parameter to quantify the rolling resistance is proposed. The parameters are substituted into the kinematic formula, in which the influence of the rockfall shape, slope and slope roughness on the rolling speed is considered. Combined with the offset and initial position of the rockfall, the formula can be used to calculate the rolling speed and impact energy in the rolling region and any position in the region. The calculation formula was validated using model experimental data, and the results showed that the error between the experimental and calculated values was small. The error was corrected based on the experimental data. After on-site testing and verification, it can provide reference for the management of rockfall disasters.
Preoperative Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose Improves Recovery from Anemia in Patients Undergoing Revision Joint Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Hong Yeol , Park Kyung soon , Shin Hyun Ho , Choi Ji Hoon , Seon Jong Keun
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is an intravenous (IV) high-dose iron that is effective in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. This study was to determine if preoperative IV FCM administration could improve recovery from postoperative anemia in patients undergoing revision total joint arthroplasty. (2) Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study analyzed 82 patients undergoing revision total joint arthroplasty during a single hospitalization. Patients in the iron group (n = 41) were administered 1000 mg of IV FCM two weeks preoperatively, while those in the control group (n = 41) were not. Moreover, patients with anemia defined as a preoperative suboptimal Hb concentration <13.0 g/dl were compared according to IV FCM administration. The absolute Hb levels and changes in Hb levels, iron profiles, transfusion rate, and EuroQOL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) scores were compared. (3) Results: There were no significant differences in recovery of Hb levels at each timepoint between the two groups; however, the changes in Hb levels from baseline to four weeks postoperatively showed marginally significant differences favoring the iron group (p = 0.052). However, for preoperatively anemic patients, the change in hemoglobin (Hb) levels between baseline and four weeks postoperatively was significantly better in the iron group than in the control group (iron group [n = 26], −0.3 ± 0.7 g/dL vs. control group [n = 27], −0.9 ± 0.8 g/dL; p = 0.040), although the absolute Hb levels, transfusion rates, and patient quality of life were comparable (all p > 0.05). The iron group showed improved iron metabolite levels including serum ferritin and transferrin saturation four weeks postoperatively, and no adverse events associated with IV FCM administration occurred in either group. (4) Conclusions: Preoperative IV FCM in anemic individuals undergoing revision joint arthroplasty was effective in accelerating recovery from surgery-related anemia by improving Hb levels without any adverse events, despite similar actual Hb levels between the groups. Our findings are clinically relevant and can facilitate determination of the suitability of IV FCM as a safe and reliable protocol for iron supplementation for anemia correction.
Prediction for Pakistan Super League Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Survey
Authors: ul Ain Noor , Ashraf Humaira , Jhanjhi NZ
Published: December 2023

Cricket, the most popular sports in the world to chase by the fans. Many cricket fans are interested in analyzing the elements and activities that affect the outcomes of matches. Machine learning in sports analytics is a relatively new topic in computer science. The purpose of this survey is to anticipate the outcome of a PSL champion team and build a winning strategy. Machine learning (ML) has exhibited favorable outcomes in a variety of sectors for diverse prediction using classification, regression, and so on, and is proven to be accurate. The innovative frameworks based on ML have the ability to learn from previous experiences. The cricket pitch is the most important aspect, alongside home game an edge, coin toss, innings of play, day/night match, physical conditioning, and dynamic plans, among other things. The dataset from previously ESPN Cricifno was used for this purpose. Recent classification approaches including, Random Forest, Gradient Boost, Deep Neural Networks used to conduct a comparative analysis based on their results and performances, as well as team strategies.
Porous SHS material based on TiNi with a microporous surface structure of its pore walls for creating an ophthalmic orbital implants
Authors: Anikeev Sergey G. , Hodorenko Valentina N. , Kaftaranova Maria I. , Shabalina Anastasiia V. , Artyukhova Nadezhda V. , Terletskaya Olga N. , Kulinich Sergei A. , Pakholkina Sofiya , Bolshevich Elena A. , Promakhov Vladimir , Medvedev Yuri A. , Gunther Victor E.
Published: December 2023

This work deals with a novel porous TiNi-based material for ophthalmic orbital implants that was produced by high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and possesses a specific microstructure of its surface pores, which makes it attractive for biomedical use in implants. After preparation via SHS, the obtained porous TiNi material was etched in acidic environment, to get rid of its surface Ti2Ni secondary-phase particles. This was found to improve the material’s surface morphology, adding micro-roughness to its macro-rough pores. As a result, cell growth tests conducted on the material demonstrated improved cell adhesion and growth kinetics on such a porous material with improved roughness.
Finally, the material was tested in vivo as an ophthalmic orbital implant, demonstrating good biocompatibility, good degree of biointegration with surrounding eyeball tissues, and no signs of rejection after as long as 180 days. Thus, the novel porous TiNi-based material shows promise for its use in ophthalmic implantology, for instanse for manufacturing musculoskeletal stumps of the eyeball after evisceration, as it is biocompatible, has a high tissue-implant integration potential and demonstrates reduced risks of exposure and rejection of the implant.
The Study of Sintered Wick Heat Pipes with Excellent Heat Transfer Capabilities
Authors: Jang Im-Nam , Ahn Yong-Sik
Published: December 2023

A sintered wick was formed in a heat pipe through the process of sintering a mixture of copper powder with particle sizes of 100㎛ and 200㎛, mixed with a pore-forming agent. On application to the heat pipes. The thermal resistance of heat pipes containing a sintered wick was calculated for different tilting angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) according to the type of powder, thickness of the sintered wick, and the filling ratio of the working fluid. The heat transfer efficiencies were evaluated through temperature tests. The capillary force, which is closely related to heat transfer efficiency, is determined by the effective pore radius resulting from the sintering of the copper powder. Furthermore, it was observed that the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe was at its best when the working fluid filling ratio was 30%. Additionally, the width of the wick was found to have a direct correlation with the heat transfer performance.
Quantification of Heavy Metal Content in Anadara tuberculosa from the Gulf of Guayaquil Using ICP-OES: Assessing Marine Contamination
Authors: Vinces Kevin Cedeño , Flores de Valgaz Angela Pacheco , Ballesteros José
Published: December 2023

The present study was carried out on the quantification of heavy metals cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, nickel and zinc in the bivalve mollusk concha prieta (Anadara tuberculosa) using the technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy ICP-OES. The research aims to identify whether the bioaccumulated content of heavy metals exceeds the maximum limits established by various public health bodies such as the ONU, FAO, Codex Alimentarius, EEC and NHI. Samples of the species were collected randomly from three locations in Puerto El Morro, Playas Municipal Market and La Libertad Seafood Market in the Gulf of Guayaquil. Thirty-three soft tissue samples of Anadara tuberculosa were evaluated, the values quantified in mg/kg follow the following order in relation to the mean Zn>Cu>Cd>Ni>Cr>Pb.
Shear Stud Bonds in a Contact Joint of Steel-Concrete Beams
Authors: Zamaliev Farit , Tamrazyan Ashot
Published: December 2023

The research object was the stress-strain state of shear stud bonds in the contact joint of steel-concrete beams. The work diagrams for three types of anchors are given. Based on the analysis of numerical and full-scale experiments, analytical dependencies are proposed that reflect the actual operation of anchor ties. Comparisons of the calculation results by analytical formulas and comparisons with numerical and full-scale experiment data are given. Numerical studies have revealed the pattern of the stress-strain state of the contact joint, the stages of development of cracks in the concrete flange, and the sequence of development of deformations in anchor ties. It was revealed that vertical shear studs bonds have an increased bearing capacity, although displacements are 1.5-2 times greater than those of loop-shaped anchor ties.