bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency drills and exercises in healthcare organizations: Assessment of pediatric population involvement using after-action reports
Authors: Ferrer, PhD Rizaldy R. , Ramirez, PhD, MPH Marizen , Sauser, MD Kori , Iverson, MPH Ellen , Upperman, MD, FACS, FAAP Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2019

Background: Although the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) requires healthcare organizations to demonstrate disaster preparedness through the use of disaster exercises, the evaluation of pediatric preparations is often lacking. Our investigation identified, described, and assessed pediatric victim involvement in healthcare organizations’ disaster drills and exercises using data from after-action reports.Methods: Following the IRB approval, the authors reviewed the after-action reports generated by healthcare organizations after a disaster drill and exercise, as a self-assessed reporting tool for JCAHO regulations. Forty-nine of these reports that were voluntarily supplied to the emergency medical services agency were collected. The authors analyzed the data using quantitative and qualitative analytic approaches.Results: Only nine reports suggested pediatric involvement. Hospitals with large bed capacity (M = 465.6) tended to include children in exercises compared with smaller facilities (M = 350.8). Qualitative content analysis revealed themes such as lack of parent–child identification and family reunification systems, ineffective communication strategies, lack of pediatric resources and specific training, and unfamiliarity with altering standards of pediatric care during a disaster.Conclusions: Although many organizations are performing disaster exercises, most are not including pediatric concerns. Further work is needed to understand the basis for this gap in emergency preparedness. Overall, pediatric emergency planning should be a high priority for this vulnerable population.
Lessons learned in implementing a 24/7 public health call center in response to H1N1 in the state of New Jersey
Authors: Clancy, PhD Terry , Neuwirth, BA Christopher , Bukowski, MA Glenn
Published: January 2019

Objective: The purpose of this article was to collect, examine, and report the data obtained in response to opening a 24/7 Call Center in response to the H1N1 influenza outbreak in the State of New Jersey in the Spring of 2009. Design: Data log sheets were collected and analyzed based on phone calls received into the State of New Jersey H1N1 Call Center during the initial response to the H1N1 public health emergency from April to May 2009. Data were stratified to examine the types of calls received, where they originated, and the types of organizations/agencies that needed guidance/information during the initial response to the H1N1 public health emergency. Additionally, lessons learned from this operational response were documented. Results: 3,855 calls were received and analyzed during the first 8 days of commencing the H1N1 Call Center. Signs and symptoms were the main category of questions asked, representing 31.2 percent of the call volume. Of the 3,855 calls, 216 (5.6 percent) were from agencies, such as healthcare institutions. Multiple lessons learned were documented from a planning and operations perspective. Conclusions: Communication to the general public is paramount to ensure accurate information is being conveyed during a public health response. The lessons learned from this operation are currently being utilized in response to the H1N1 influenza outbreak during the Fall of 2009.
US Army split forward surgical team management of mass casualty events in Afghanistan: Surgeon performed triage results in excellent outcomes
Authors: Nessen, DO, FACS Shawn C. , Cronk, MD Daniel R. , Edens, MD Jason , Eastridge, MD, FACS Brian J. , Blackbourne, MD, FACS Lorne H.
Published: January 2019

Objective: US Army “split” forward surgical teams (FST) currently provide most of the resuscitative surgical care for combat patients in Afghanistan. These small units typically comprised 10 personnel and two surgeons each, who frequently encounter mass casualty (MASCAL) situations in geographically isolated regions. This article evaluates the effectiveness of one split FST managing 43 MASCAL situations in two separate locations for more than a 14-month period in Afghanistan.Design: An Institutional Review Board-approved review of all admission data of the 541st FST was conducted. Comparison was made between patients treated in MASCAL situations to those of patients treated in non-MASCAL events.Setting: Split-based US Army forward surgical elements in a combat environment in Afghanistan.Patients: Two hundred eighty-two patients were treated during MASCAL events and 479 in non- MASCAL situations.Main Outcome Measures: The primary endpoint was survival outcomes among trauma patients when 5 or more patients arrived simultaneously or if 3 or more patients required immediate surgery.Results: Four patients (1.70 percent) died in the MASCAL group compared with 12 (3.30 percent) in the non-MASCAL group.The mortality of patients receiving surgery at the FST was 2.73 percent and the mortality was 0.93 percent in those transferred without surgery. In the MASCAL group, 41 patients (14.5 percent) were critically injured and the critical mortality rate was 6.25 percent. In MASCAL events, 39 percent of patients required surgery compared with 44.9 percent in the non- MASCAL group. The average Injury Severity Score (ISS) of the most severely injured patient was 21.19 and ISS rapidly decreased to scores consistent with mild injury suggesting over triage at the scene.Conclusions: Despite very limited resources, the split FST can achieve, with appropriate triage, acceptable mortality outcomes in MASCAL situations. Over triage at the wounding scene is common and surgical intervention is frequently required.
Information-seeking behaviors and response to the H1N1 outbreak in Chinese limited-English proficient individuals living in King County, Washington
Authors: Yip, PhD Mei Po , Ong, MD Brandon , Painter, PhD Ian , Meischke, PhD Hendrika , Calhoun, MPH Becca , Tu, MD, MPH Shin Ping
Published: January 2019

Objectives: To investigate the information seeking behaviors and response to the H1N1 outbreak by limited- English proficient (LEP) Chinese speakers.Methods: We conveniently sampled 100 adult Chinese LEP individuals between June 2 and June 11, 2009, during the time the World Health Organization (WHO) declared global pandemic alert level at phase 6 and the development of a H1N1 vaccine was still underway.Results: Participants demonstrated a basic understanding of the disease and were unconcerned by the outbreak. Major channels for H1N1 information included watching TV (81 percent), reading Chinese newspaper (69 percent), and community-based organization (30 percent). Only 2 percent obtained information from a public health system or hotline.The odds of being informed of timely H1N1 information were significantly higher for participants who did not speak English at all than those who reported speaking English “not well” (OR = 2.65; CI:1.04, 7.01).Conclusions: LEP Chinese speakers seem acknowledged for this outbreak. However, scarce use of the local public health system to obtain H1N1 information suggests more work needs to be done to reach out to the LEP community to enhance their capacity to respond to future outbreaks.
November/December 2009
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: January 2019

Vol. 4, No. 6
May/June 2010
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: January 2019

Vol. 5, No. 3
Pediatric issues in disaster management, Part 3: Special healthcare needs patients and mental health issues
Authors: Mace, MD Sharon E. , Sharieff, MD Ghazala , Bern, MD Andrew , Benjamin, MD Lee , Burbulys, MD Dave , Johnson, MD Ramon , Schreiber, PhD Merritt
Published: January 2019

Although children and infants are likely to be victims in a disaster and are more vulnerable in a disaster than adults, disaster planning and management has often overlooked the specific needs of pediatric patients. We discuss key components of disaster planning and management for pediatric patients including emergency medical services, hospital/facility issues, evacuation centers, family separation/reunification, children with special healthcare needs, mental health issues, and overcrowding/ surge capacity. Specific policy recommendations and an appendix with detailed practical information and algorithms are included.The first part of this three part series on pediatric issues in disaster management addresses the emergency medical system from the field to the hospital and surge capacity including the impact of crowding. The second part addresses the appropriate set up and functioning of evacuation centers and family separation and reunification.The third part deals with special patient populations: the special healthcare needs patient and mental health issues.
The need for blood products in patients with crush syndrome
Authors: Kazancioglu, MD Rumeyza , Pinarbasi, MD Binnur , Esen, MD Bahar Artim , Turkmen, MD Aydin , Sever, MD Mehmet S.
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Crush syndrome is typical for multisystem involvement because of coexisting major surgical and/or medical problems. Treatment of patients with crush syndrome following mass disasters is even more problematic as hundreds of patients are admitted to hospitals and need therapy at once. In this study, the authors evaluated the need of blood and blood products in patients hospitalized due to crush syndrome after the Marmara earthquake in a single center.Methods: The clinical and laboratory variables regarding 60 patients with crush syndrome (30 males and 30 females; mean age: 31.3 _ 13.8 years) hospitalized at a tertiary center that were documented on the preformed questionnaires distributed by International Society of Nephrology Task Force at the aftermath of the earthquake were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows software version 13.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).Results: Thirty-nine patients (16 males and 23 females; mean age: 30.1 _ 12.6 years) were transfused with 589 U of blood, 840 U of fresh frozen plasma, and 172 U of human albumin during the hospitalization. Most of the transfusions were performed during the first week after the hospitalization.Conclusions: As a result, the preparation for disasters should also include logistic plans for obtaining sufficient amount of blood and blood products to be used in the early aftermath of the event.
Mitigate, adapt, or suffer: Peak oil’s new disaster paradigm
Authors: Doyle, MD, MPH Gerard S.
Published: January 2019

Objectives: To address the impacts of peak oil (PO) on human health and to propose new public health preparedness models and measures mandated by these impacts.Design: Review of relevant literature. Articles were obtained by searching the PubMed database (including manual searches using “related citations” tool) plus Google and Google Scholar search engines using terms such as “peak oil,” “energy scarcity,” “human health,” “public health,” and “preparedness.”Results: Forty-six journal articles were reviewed.Conclusions: The projections about PO are concerning, as illustrated by minor PO events in the recent past. There are many opportunities for devising beneficial solutions within healthcare to mitigate the effects of PO. It is essential for disaster medicine professionals to become aware of PO and to advocate for change in clinical practice with patients as well as policy leaders. If we fail to mitigate the effects of PO on healthcare, we will be left with the less pleasant options of adapting to PO or suffering its effects.
September/October 2010
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: January 2019

Vol. 5, No. 5
A comprehensive disaster training program to improve emergency physicians’ preparedness: A 1-year pilot study
Authors: Rumoro, DO Dino P. , Bayram, MD, MPH, EMDM Jamil D. , Malik, MD, MPH Mamta , Purim-Shem-Tov, MD, MS Yanina A.
Published: January 2019

Objectives: The main objective of this pilot study was to measure the effectiveness of a 1-year comprehensive training program on the long-term cognitive competence in disaster preparedness among attending emergency physicians (EPs).Design: Ten attending EPs participated in a yearlong training program in disaster preparedness and management. A baseline pretraining test and self-evaluation questionnaire were administered to the participants. Post-training written test and self-evaluation questionnaire were repeated at 12 months after the completion of the program.Setting: The study took place at an urban tertiary care medical center from July 2007 to June 2008.Interventions: The training program was divided into three main categories: didactic core topics, formally recognized courses, and a practicum (drill).Main outcome measures: Pretraining and posttraining test scores in addition to pretraining and posttraining self-assessments were compared for disaster preparedness in various areas.Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the overall post-test versus pretest scores on the written examination for the entire group (44.4 vs 29.8, p 0.005). In addition, statistically significant increases in each area of disaster preparedness were noted for the self-assessments (2.7 _ 0.82 vs 3.9 _ 0.56, p _ 0.01), where 1 means not prepared at all and 5 means extremely well prepared.Conclusions: Disaster preparedness is an essential area of clinical competence for EPs. Participation in a yearlong pilot training program demonstrated a statistically significant increase in cognitive competence among a pilot sample of EPs. More research is needed to validate the content of the training program and its instruments of evaluation.
Suicidality following a natural disaster
Authors: Kar, MD, DPM, DNB, MRCPsych Nilamadhab
Published: January 2019

Objectives: It was intended to study the suicidal cognitions and behaviors following a super-cyclone.Design: Cross-sectional evaluation study.Setting: Community.Participants: Using simple random procedure, 12 months after a super-cyclone, 540 victims were selected.Main outcome measures: Suicidal cognitions and behaviors through the Suicidality Screening Questionnaire. This included items on whether life was worth living, death wishes, suicidal idea, plan, and attempt, and history of a suicide attempt. Self- Reporting Questionnaire was used to screen for possible psychiatric morbidity. The influence of various sociodemographic factors, degree of exposure, and clinical variables on suicidal cognitions and attempt was studied.Results: A considerable number of victims had suicidal cognitions: death wishes (66.4 percent), suicidal ideas (38.0 percent), and suicidal plans (18.3 percent). Sixty-eight persons (12.6 percent) of the sample had made suicide attempts after the cyclone.The risk of a suicide attempt was high in persons with current psychiatric morbidity, past history of psychiatric illness, postcyclone thoughts of life not worth living, suicidal ideation and plans, and living with inadequate support.Conclusions: There was a reported increase of suicidal cognitions and attempts within 12 months following a natural disaster. Awareness of increased suicidality, attention to associated risk factors, and support regarding these may help in the prevention of suicide following disasters.
The legacy of the Gulf oil spill: Analyzing acute public health effects and predicting chronic ones in Louisiana
Authors: Diaz, MD, MPH, DrPH, FACOEM, FACMT James H.
Published: January 2019

Objectives: To describe the acute health impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in Louisiana as compared with the acute health impacts reported from prior crude oil spills. To predict potential chronic health impacts in Louisiana as compared with the chronic health impacts reported from prior crude oil spills.Setting: Offshore and onshore coastal southeastern Louisiana.Patients and participants: Oil spill offshore and onshore cleanup workers and the general population of coastal southeastern Louisiana.Interventions: Not applicable to an observational study.Main outcome measures: Adverse acute health effects of petrochemical and dispersant exposures in highly exposed offshore and onshore cleanup workers and the general population; prior chronic adverse health effects reported from prior oil spills; and predicted chronic adverse health effects based on intensity of chemical exposures and on seroprevalences of genetic polymorphisms.Results: Acute health effects in cleanup workers mirrored those reported in cleanup workers following prior oil spills as ranked by systems (and by symptoms). Acute health effects in lesser exposed members of the general population mirrored those reported in similar coastal residents following prior oil spills but differed from cleanup workers as ranked by systems (and symptoms).Conclusions: Subpopulations of cleanup workers and the general population with specific conditions or genetic polymorphisms in enzyme systems that detoxify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petrochemicals and glycols in dispersants will require long-term surveillance for chronic adverse health effects including cancer, liver and kidney diseases, mental health disorders, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Risk perceptions and preparedness of typhoon disaster on coastal inhabitants in China
Authors: Jiang, PhD, RN Li-Ping , Yao, PhD Lan , Bond, PhD, RN, FAAN Eleanor F. , Wang, MSN, RN Yu-Ling , Huang, MSN, RN Li-quan
Published: January 2019

China is highly vulnerable to natural disasters. Southeastern China situated on the Pacific Ocean experiences severe and devastating typhoons and hydrogeological disasters every year. Although respondents are highly aware of the typhoon outbreaks, they do not have necessary precautionary actions.This retrospective study evaluates the inhabitants’ sociodemographic characteristics with risk perceptions and preparedness. Subjects (434 adults) were recruited from two rural areas in coastal south-eastern China, both with high typhoon exposure. One area (landfall area [LA]) was more severely affected than the other (surrounding area [SA]) by the 2006 typhoon “Saomai.” Subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire with items addressing sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to public education related to emergency preparedness, risk perception, and coping strategies. Overall, most residents (92 percent) were aware that they lived in a high-risk area. About 54.6 percent respondents chose media as the first approach to obtain preparedness education, and 32.4 percent of respondents thought that personal experience is an important tool to defend themselves from typhoon. In LA, residents perceived themselves to be at higher risk than those who lived in the SA. More than 66.5 percent of respondents were terrified by typhoon, and 62.2 percent of respondents were afraid of its recurrence. Respondents emphasized that their life style (61.4 percent), property losses (54.5 percent), and threat to life (52.4 percent) were influenced by typhoon attack. Coping behavior most likely to be adopted was “anticipatory food, water storage and residents in LA is significantly higher than SA (p 0.01). Risk perception with Spider Map analysis depicted that the item of disaster information is similar in both familiarity or dread associated with the risk axes (p 0.05). However, in rescue and recovery of typhoon items, the score of familiarity with risk and dread with the risk axes is below 2.5. Regression analyses indicated that poor coping behavior was positively associated with age, risk perception, residential location, and knowledge of preparedness. The results indicated that risk perceptions and precaution activity were strongly related with inhabitants’ sociodemographic characteristics and vulnerability of disaster-affected zone.
Parentsʼ awareness of disaster plans in childrenʼs early learning settings
Authors: Hashikawa, MD, MS Andrew , Chang, MD Megan , Sielaff, MD Alan , Bradin, DO Stuart , Singer, MPH Dianne C. , Clark, MPH Sarah J. , Kauffman, MS Anna Daly , Davis, MD, MAPP Matthew M.
Published: January 2019

Objective: Children in early learning settings are vulnerable to site-specific emergencies because of physical and developmental limitations. We examined parents’ knowledge of disaster plans in their child’s early learning settings.Methods: In May 2015, we conducted a nationally representative online household survey, including parents of children ages 0-5 years in child care settings. Parents were asked about their center’s disaster plans and key components: evacuation, special needs children, and disaster supplies. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were conducted to identify factors associated with parental awareness of disaster plans.Results: Overall, 1,413 of 2,550 parents responded (rate = 55 percent). Sample included 1,119 parents of children 0-5 years old, with 24 percent (n = 264) requiring child care. Parents’ reported knowledge of five types of disaster plans: evacuation (66 percent), power outage (63 percent), severe weather (62 percent), lock-down (57 percent), and delayed parent pick-up (57 percent). Only 21 percent reported if plans included all four key components of evacuation (child identification, parent identification, rapid communication, and extra car seats). One-third (36 percent) reported plans accommodating special needs children. Parents’ knowledge of disaster supplies varied: generator (31 percent), radio (42 percent), water (57 percent), food (60 percent), and first aid (82 percent). Parents attending any disaster training events (34 percent) were more likely to be aware of all five types of disaster plans compared with parents who had not attended.Conclusions: Many parents were unaware of disaster plans at their children’s early learning settings. Although few parents attended training events, such participation was associated with higher levels of parental awareness.
Humerus intraosseous administration of epinephrine in normovolemic and hypovolemic porcine model
Authors: Long, II, PhD, CRNA LTC Robert P. , Gardner, DNP, CRNA LTC Stephanie M. , Burgert, DNAP, CRNA James , Koeller, DVM, DACLAM, AFRL LTC Craig A. , O’Sullivan, PhD, CRNA LTC Joseph , Blouin, BS Dawn , Johnson, PhD COL Don
Published: January 2019

Objective: Compare the maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), mean concentration, rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), time to ROSC, and odds of ROSC when epinephrine is administered by humerus intraosseous (HIO) compared to intravenous (IV) routes in both a hypovolemic and normovolemic cardiac arrest model.Design: Prospective, between subjects, randomized experimental study.Setting: TriService Facility.Subjects: Twenty-eight adult Yorkshire Swine were randomly assigned to four groups: HIO normovolemia; HIO hypovolemia; IV normovolemia; and IV hypovolemia.Intervention: Swine were anesthetized. The hypovolemic group was exsanguinated 31 percent of their blood volume. Subjects were placed into arrest. After 2 minutes, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated. After another 2 minutes, 1 mg epinephrine was given by IV or HIO routes; blood samples were collected over 4 minutes. Hypovolemic groups received 500 mL of 5 percent albumin following blood sampling. CPR continued until ROSC or for 30 minutes.Main outcome measures: ROSC, time to ROSC, Cmax, Tmax, mean concentrations over time, odds of ROSC.Results: Cmax was significantly higher, the Tmax, and the time to ROSC were significantly faster in the HIO normovolemic compared to the HIO hypovolemic group (p < 0.05). All seven in the HIO normovolemic group achieved ROSC compared to three of the HIO hypovolemic group. Odds of ROSC were 19.2 times greater in the HIO normovolemic compared the HIO hypovolemic group.Conclusion: The HIO is an effective route in a normovolemic model. However, the findings indicate that sufficient blood volume is essential for ROSC in a hypovolemic scenario.
A scoping review of evaluation methods for health emergency preparedness exercises
Authors: Skryabina, PhD Elena , Riley, PhD Paul , Reedy, PhD Gabriel , Amlôt, PhD Richard
Published: January 2019

Objective: To review and analyze evaluation methods currently utilized in health emergency preparedness exercises (HEPE).Design: This study, part of a larger scoping review that systematically collected and reviewed published evidence related to the benefits of HEPE, provides a further analysis of the evaluation methods utilized in such exercises. We separately analyzed discussion-based and operation-based exercises according to their purpose. This addresses a methodological limitation related to the poorly understood relationship between the purpose and context in which a specific evaluation method is selected to be used.Results: In the reviewed 64 studies, a variety of evaluation methods were utilized for HEPE including observations, participants’ survey, and post-exercise debriefs. At present, the selection and use of these methods is not guided by any methodology, but seems rather arbitrary. No specific evaluation methods were isolated for any exercise type.Conclusions: The purpose of evaluation should guide the selection of evaluation methods for HEPE, and these are not context specific. If evaluation is for accountability purposes, such as to test organizational capability to respond, participant feedback should be collected in addition to objective data on performance in an exercise. Advantages of routinely collecting data from exercise participants to study their reactions (exercise feedback, perceptions, satisfaction with the exercise) and routinely conducting post-exercise debriefs (both hot debrief and cold debrief), are discussed to support evaluation for development or learning purposes in any context.
Volume 13, Number 3
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: January 2019

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The need to transform Science Communication from being multi-cultural via cross-cultural to intercultural
Authors: Schneider Simon , Heinecke Liv
Published: January 2019

Abstract. When dealing with issues that are of high societal relevance, Earth sciences still face a lack of acceptance, which is partly rooted in insufficient communication strategies on the individual and local community level. To increase the efficiency of communication routines, science has to transform its outreach concepts to become more aware of individual needs and demands. The “encoding/decoding” concept as well as critical intercultural communication studies can offer pivotal approaches for this transformation.
Characterization of the particle emission from a ship operating at sea using an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Villa Tommaso F. , Brown Reece A. , Jayaratne E. Rohan , Gonzalez L. Felipe , Morawska Lidia , Ristovski Zoran D.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This research demonstrates the
use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to characterize the gaseous
(CO2) and particle (10–500 nm) emissions of a ship at sea. The field
study was part of the research voyage “The Great Barrier Reef as a
significant source of climatically relevant aerosol particles” on board the
RV Investigator around the Australian Great Barrier Reef. Measurements of the
RV Investigator exhaust plume were carried out while the ship was operating
at sea, at a steady engine load of 30 %. The UAV system was flown autonomously using several different programmed
paths. These incorporated different altitudes and distances behind the ship
in order to investigate the optimal position to capture the ship plume. Five
flights were performed, providing a total of 27 horizontal transects
perpendicular to the ship exhaust plume. Results show that the most
appropriate altitude and distance to effectively capture the plume was 25 m a.s.l. and 20 m downwind. Particle number emission factors (EFPNs) were calculated in terms of
number of particles emitted (no.) per weight of fuel consumed (kgfuel).
Fuel consumption was calculated using the simultaneous measurements of plume
CO2 concentration. The calculated EFPN was 7.6±1.4×1015no. kgfuel-1 which is in line with those reported in the
literature for ship emissions ranging from 0.2 to 6.2×1016 no. kgfuel-1. This UAV system successfully assessed ship emissions to derive EFPN
under real world conditions. This is significant as it provides a novel,
relatively inexpensive and accessible way to assess ship EFPN at sea.
Photoacoustic measurement may significantly overestimate NH3 emissions from cattle
houses due to VOC interferences
Authors: Liu Dezhao , Rong Li , Kamp Jesper , Kong Xianwang , Adamsen Anders Peter , Chowdhury Albarune , Feilberg Anders
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a widely used method for measurement of NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions especially in agriculture, but non-targeted gases such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cattle barns may interfere with target gases causing inaccurate results. This study made an estimation of NH3 interference in PAS caused by selected non-targeted VOCs which were simultaneously measured by a PAS and a PTR-MS (proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry). Laboratory calibration were performed for NH3 measurement and VOCs were selected based on a headspace test of the feeding material maize silage. Various levels of interference of tested VOCs were observed on NH3 and greenhouse emissions measured by the PAS. Particularly, ethanol, methanol, 1-butanol, 1-propanol and acetic acid were found to have highest interference on NH3. A linear response was typically obtained, with non-linear relation was however observed for VOCs on N2O emissions. The corrected online NH3 concentrations measured by the PAS from a field study were confirmed to be reasonably correlated to the NH3 concentration measured simultaneously by the PTR-MS. It was concluded that the correction factors could be used for possible data corrections when the concentrations of VOCs could be obtained by using e.g. PTR-MS.
Glacial limitation of tropical mountain height
Authors: Cunningham Maxwell T. , Stark Colin P. , Kaplan Michael R. , Schaefer Joerg M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Absent glacial erosion, mountain range
height is limited by the rate of bedrock river incision and is thought to
asymptote to a steady-state elevation as erosion and rock uplift rates
converge. For glaciated mountains, there is evidence that range height is
limited by glacial erosion rates, which vary cyclically with glaciations. The
strongest evidence for glacial limitation is at midlatitudes, where
range-scale hypsometric maxima (modal elevations) lie within the bounds of
Late Pleistocene snow line variation. In the tropics, where mountain
glaciation is sparse, range elevation is generally considered to be fluvially
limited and glacial limitation is discounted. Here we present topographic
evidence to the contrary. By applying both old and new methods of hypsometric
analysis to high mountains in the tropics, we show that (a) the majority are
subject to glacial erosion linked to a perched base level set by the snow
line or equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and (b) many truncate through glacial
erosion towards the cold-phase ELA. Evaluation of the hypsometric analyses at
two field sites where glacial limitation is seemingly marginal reveals how
glaciofluvial processes act in tandem to accelerate erosion near the
cold-phase ELA during warm phases and to reduce their preservation potential.
We conclude that glacial erosion truncates high tropical mountains on a
cyclic basis: zones of glacial erosion expand during cold periods and
contract during warm periods as fluvially driven escarpments encroach and
destroy evidence of glacial action. The inherent disequilibrium of this
glaciofluvial limitation complicates the concept of time-averaged erosional
steady state, making it meaningful only on long timescales far exceeding the
interval between major glaciations.
CLUSTERING OF WALL GEOMETRY FROM UNSTRUCTURED POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Bassier M. , Vergauwen M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The automated reconstruction of Building Information Modeling (BIM) objects from point cloud data is still ongoing research. A key aspect is retrieving the proper observations for each object. After segmenting and classifying the initial point cloud, the labeled segments should be clustered according to their respective objects. However, this procedure is challenging due to noise, occlusions and the associativity between different objects. This is especially important for wall geometry as it forms the basis for further BIM reconstruction. In this work, a method is presented to automatically group wall segments derived from point clouds according to the proper walls of a building. More specifically, a Conditional Random Field is employed that evaluates the context of each observation in order to determine which wall it belongs too. The emphasis is on the clustering of highly associative walls as this topic currently is a gap in the body of knowledge. First a set of classified planar primitives is obtained using algorithms developed in prior work. Next, both local and contextual features are extracted based on the nearest neighbors and a number of seeds that are heuristically determined. The final wall clusters are then computed by decoding the graph and thus the most likely configuration of the observations. The experiments prove that the used method is a promising framework for wall clustering from unstructured point cloud data. Compared to a conventional region growing method, the proposed method significantly reduces the rate of false positives, resulting in better wall clusters. A key advantage of the proposed method is its capability of dealing with complex wall geometry in entire buildings opposed to the presented methods in current literature.
RECONSTRUCTION OF LOST ARCHITECTURAL VOLUMES BY INTEGRATION OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY FROM ARCHIVE IMAGERY WITH 3-D MODELS OF THE STATUS QUO
Authors: Bevilacqua M. G. , Caroti G. , Piemonte A. , Ulivieri D.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Cultural heritage includes several cases of missing architectural element or entire buildings, due to destruction, replacement or radical changes caused over time by other structures. The investigation of these lost elements aimed at their virtual reconstruction, for both scientific and cultural-leisure applications, is therefore a topic of great interest. To this purpose, methodologies for surveying and photogrammetric processing provide a very powerful tool, extracting descriptive and geometric information, both 2-and 3-D, using diverse archive images. This paper presents the issues related to the use of archive images in photogrammetry, pointing out the need for an integrated approach to operations of virtual reconstruction of lost volumes. This approach provides a multidisciplinary effort, in order to evaluate all iconographic sources, of which images processed by geomatics techniques are a component. The paper also presents the early results of a reconstruction project of the Palazzo di Cosimo de’ Medici, in the Fortezza Vecchia site (Livorno, Italy), heavily damaged by World War II bombings and subsequently razed.
EXTRACTION OF PRIMITIVES AND OBJECTS FROM HSHAPES
Authors: Bolognesi C. , Caffi V.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This paper deals with 3D morphological studies of architecture surveyed with TLS to allow the modelling of a Renaissance villa in a BIM environment; the aim is to create Renaissance objects to be shaped into a parametric software and made recognizable in a BIM environment balancing level of accuracy and shortness of workflow. The approach of this study lies in the comparison of different workflows, using different BIM software and apps, useful to extract transverse ridge or primitive ribs from the point cloud of walls as vaulted ceilings, shape accurate objects, considering their level of detail and their morphological and typological aspect. The first steps of Data Processing from 3D Survey started with an accurate cleaning and transformation in appropriate but different format to be analysed into different environment and treated for a modelling phase. The different results of the different workflow have been compared to measure grade of simplification, when existent, of the single objects compared. The case study deepens the entrance of a Renaissance Villa in Tuscany, Villa di Poggio a Caiano, in its main elevation considering the vaults of porches and entrances as barrel vaults or lunette-like with double-curved nails.
FAST INDOOR MAPPING TO FEED AN INDOOR DB FOR BUILDING AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Cantoni S. , Vassena G.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Facility Management activities require to collect and organize a large amount of information about a building as, for example, geometry, MEP structures, lighting and antifire devices, typologies of furniture, paving characteristics, structures and more. Nowadays the data acquisition procedures for indoor environments are usually still carried on with old style approach, where surveyors have to manually map and acquire the data, walking along the sites with a poor level of digitalization The success story presented in the paper describes how using an Indoor Mobile Mapping approach (Zlot et al., 2014), it is possible to satisfy the need to acquire plant views of a large parts of buildings and, simultaneously, to record a 3D+Full resolution RGB images. Thanks to this fast acquisition it is later possible to feed a 2D/3D database, identifying the main objects needed to support a facility management process. The iMMS that has been used is based on SLAM approach, that allows the user to map and survey large sites also indoor, that means without the presence of GNSS signal and without the use of accurate and expense IMU devices. The data acquired in the field has been process with standard/commercial software that is usually used to create DB for outdoor mobile mapping.
THE INTEGRATED 3D SURVEY FOR PLANNED CONSERVATION: THE FORMER CHURCH AND CONVENT OF SANT'AGOSTINO IN BERGAMO
Authors: Cardaci A. , Mirabella Roberti G. , Versaci A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Time effects and human offenses threaten cultural heritage. The constant observation and periodic maintenance activities are the most suitable safeguarding solution: they can limit risk situations and facilitate interventions. Today, planned conservation is thus the best pattern to preserve the monuments as focused on small preventive restoration: actions organized and structured according to steady and regular monitoring. The preliminary survey, the interpretation of metric and material data and the subsequent verification of the evolution of instability and degradation phenomena based on a comparison with previous information, is a long and expensive activity if carried out by traditional systems. Otherwise, 3D laser scanning and image-based reconstruction methodologies – if properly applied within optimized operational practices – can allow both the systematic control of assets’ conditions and the evaluation of their health status and decay problems in a short time and with lower costs. This paper intends to show the validity of such an innovative methodology through a case study applied to the former church and convent of Sant'Agostino (St. Augustine) in Bergamo.
AUGMENTED EXPERIENCE TO DISSEMINATE CULTURAL HERITAGE: HOUSE OF COMMONS WINDOWS, PARLIAMENT HILL NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE (CANADA)
Authors: Carrión-Ruiz B. , Blanco-Pons S. , Duong M. , Chartrand J. , Li M. , Prochnau K. , Fai S. , Lerma J. L.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The use of photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning for building information modelling (BIM) in the documentation and conservation of Cultural Heritage (CH) is now well established. By combining BIM with the latest visualization technologies, powerful, semi-immersive experiences can be developed to enhance the dissemination of CH. In semi-immersive experiences such as Augmented Reality (AR), digital content can be overlapped on to physical spaces, providing a new way to interact with both the physical space and the digital content. This paper discusses the translation of a digital object created using BIM, into a physical object and the utilisation of this physical object as a trigger for an AR experience. The case study looks at one of the neo- Gothic window frames from the House of Commons in the Centre Block of the Parliament Hill National Historic Site, in Ottawa, Canada. The window frame is one in a series that represents a Canadian province or territory with a stained glass feature that includes floral emblems and heraldic symbols from the respective provincial or territorial shield. The frame in this case study corresponds to the stained glass window of five provinces. Using the replica frame as a target, the user can select which stained glass windows they would like to view in the AR application. Through these combined technologies, we argue that CH can be revealed in a more interactive way and therefore more engaging manner – making even inaccessible architectural details readily available to the public.
3D MODELLING AND VIRTUAL REALITY APPLIED TO COMPLEX ARCHITECTURES: AN APPLICATION TO HOSPITALS’ DESIGN
Authors: Chias P. , Abad T. , de Miguel M. , García-Rosales G. , Echeverria E.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. There are many healthcare facilities in Spain that were built throughout the second half of the 20th century, and compose an interesting built heritage designed by outstanding architects of the architectural avant-garde. Some of them were included in the DOCOMOMO’s list of buildings to be preserved and documented. As a consequence, every intervention on the hospitals’ heritage requires a special attention and needs a deep knowledge of the building in advance of taking action. On the other hand, such a particular heritage is being continuously updated according to the new standards that derive from the current tendencies in hospital design, and also from advances in healing techniques. In this context, 3D Modelling and virtual reality should have a decisive impact on the way hospitals’ complex spaces are designed, as they become useful tools for describing the previous stages of the buildings, as well as the impacts of new proposals. They can even change our experience of the built environment. As a step forward, we are developing a methodology to be applied to hospital design where these tools, together with BIM models -and in the near future, high-end immersive VR systems- play an important role.
DEVELOPMENT OF VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATION FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE VISUALIZATION FROM MULTI-SOURCE 3D DATA
Authors: Choromański K. , Łobodecki J. , Puchała K. , Ostrowski W.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Immersive technologies like Virtual or Augmented Reality (VR/AR) are lately becoming more and more popular in wide range of scientific applications. These technologies provide the most immersive way to present spatial data such as point clouds or 3D models. This type of solutions also has significant potential for virtual presentation of cultural heritage. Combination of high-quality photogrammetric 3D models, virtual reality technologies and an advanced visualization engine may bring effect in the form of a nearly real-world experience which may be very useful in terms of popularization as well as research in the area of cultural heritage. In this paper we would like to present results of experimental approach to establish VR system for the Museum of King John III’s Palace at Wilanów in Warsaw, Poland.
TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER AND FAST CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERFICIAL LESIONS IN ARCHITECTURAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Costa-Jover A. , Coll-Pla S. , Queral Llaberia J. , Moreno García D. , Gas Llatge A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The development of massive data captures techniques (MDC) in recent years, such as the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), raises the possibility of developing new assessment procedures for architectural heritage. The 3D models that it is able to obtain is a great potential tool, both for conservation purposes and for historical and architectural studies. The paper proposes a simple, non-invasive methodology for the assessment of masonry vaults from point clouds which makes it possible to obtain relevant data about the formal anomalies. The methodology is tested in Tortosa’s Gothic Cathedral’s vaults, where the geometrical differences between vaults, a priori equal, are identified and related with the partially known construction phases. The procedure can be easily used on any other vaulted construction of any kind, but is especially useful to deal with the complex geometry of Gothic masonry vaults.
SURVEY, STRATIGRAPHY OF THE ELEVATIONS, 3D MODELLING FOR THE KNOWLEDGE AND CONSERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS: THE CASTLE OF AVELLA
Authors: D’Aprile M. , Piscitelli M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The site of Avella is a precious example of ruined medieval fortification with territorial and landscape values. The width and vulnerability of its masonry remnants require a systematic survey and physical investigation, necessary to any preservation and enhancement strategy planning, so far, not yet extended to the fronts of the fortress and the two walled lines. The understanding of the process, scientifically based, which over time has led the buildings to the present state of fragmentation has the same need. Obtain with expedited methods and customary instruments a photogrammetrically controlled survey, the stratigraphic study of the castle elevations and the processing of a photo-based 3D model is therefore the aim of the paper. Carried out on an interdisciplinary basis, it comes from the extension of the outcomes of a didactic workshop in master’s degree courses in Architectural Survey and Restoration Design, held in 2018. The surveying procedure with the drone proved to be the most suitable, also for the possibility of an expeditious and cheaper measurement phase compared to other surveying methods. The results comprise the fortress georeferenced ortho-photomosaic and its photo-based 3D model, then exported both as a point cloud and a 3D mesh. The workshop also implemented topography and terrestrial photogrammetry procedures, such as to be compared with the previous one.
REASSEMBLY OF ROCK SEGMENTS, THE CASE OF AREOPAGUS HILL
Authors: Evgenikou V. , Georgopoulos A. , Korres M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. There are no specifications and/or standards for the restoration of collapsed masses of rocks, as in most cases the rocks bear no historical/archaeological value and their restoration would require significant budget and resources. But plenty of colossal statues, ancient temples, tombs and whole cities are carved on the surface or even expand in the interior of solid natural rocks. These so-called rock-cut monuments are located all around the globe and, in most cases, are made on a grand scale. Earthquakes, rock’s faults, erosion and karst can lead to massive rock collapses.The purpose of this paper is to establish an integrated methodology for the relocation of detached rock segments to their original positions. Specifically, the proposed methodology is based on the case of the Areopagus Hill and involves the generation of 3d models of the rock segments, their virtual reassembly and their utilization for the reconstruction of a part of the peak of the hill.
QUALITY FEATURES FOR THE INTEGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL AND UAV IMAGES
Authors: Farella E. M. , Torresani A. , Remondino F.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The paper presents an innovative approach for improving the orientation results when terrestrial and UAV images are jointly processed. With the existing approaches, the processing of images coming from different platforms and sensors leads often to noisy and inaccurate 3D reconstructions, due to the different nature and properties of the acquired images. In this work, a photogrammetric pipeline is proposed to filter and remove bad computed tie points, according to some quality feature indicators. A completely automatic procedure has been developed to filter the sparse point cloud, in order to improve the orientation results before computing the dense point cloud. We report some tests and results on a dataset of about 140 images (Modena cathedral, Italy). The effectiveness of the filtering procedure was verified using some internal quality indicators, external checks (ground truth data) and qualitative visual analyses.