bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life of Russian Orthodox Clergy in the United States at the End of the 19th Century (Reflected in the correspondence of the Ober-Procurator of the Holy Synod Konstantin Pobedonostsev)
Authors: Pechatnov V. V.
Published: December 2021

Using little-known correspondence of the Ober-Procurator of the Holy Synod Konstantin Pobedonostsev with the bishop Nickolay (Ziorov) — head of Russian Orthodox Church in the United States in 1892–1898 — the article explores the everyday life of Russian clergy in America. This correspondence is deposited at the Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg and has not been published or studied before. The author analyzes Pobedonostsev’s role in the diocese affairs. This examination is new both in the Church’s history and recently published literature on Pobedonostsev. Yet the Ober-Procurator’s supervision was of utmost importance for the Russian mission in the United States, faced with the crucial challenge of adapting itself to the alien cultural environment. Pobedonostsev was well informed about the situation with the Russian mission, helped to solve many personnel, financial and organizational problems, was a chief promoter of its interests before the Russian imperial government — Foreign Ministry, Ministry of Finance, the State Council, and the Tzar’s court. Pobedonostsev also stayed in touch with the US diplomatic mission in Russia and Russian diplomats in the United States. He was very close with bishop Nickolay who regarded the Ober-Procurator as his main benefactor and constantly turned to him for advice and assistance. Pobedonostsev strongly supported the bishop’s reforms of missionary activities in education, parish life, and propagation of Orthodoxy, as well as his efforts to defend the Russian Orthodox mission’s interests before American authorities. No wonder their extensive correspondence richly reflected the diocese’s life with all its problems and needs. The article highlights their close cooperation in recruiting qualified clergymen for American service, which was the key task for the mission that suffered from a shortage of reliable professional personnel. Pobedonostsev-Nickolay cooperation greatly contributed to the diocese progress, which later reached its peak under Nickolay’s successor bishop Tikhon (Bellavin). Their correspondence sheds new light on the personalities of both men united by their fervent devotion to the Orthodox Church and highly conservative views. It also presents a revealing case study of the interaction between Russian ecclesiastic and state authorities as well as their perception of American culture. The author’s main methodological approach consisted in text analysis of the archival documents juxtaposed against the context of Russian-American relations and the realities of American life.
Critical Theory of Religion by Erich Fromm: from Messianic Judaism to Radical Humanism
Authors: Korostichenko E. I.
Published: December 2021

This paper studies Erich Fromm’s critical theory of religion and looks into the evolution of the philosopher’s views. We analyze key concepts of Fromm’s humanistic psychology, including biophilia, rejection of idolatry, X-experience, classification of religions as humanistic or authoritarian, plea for sustainable coexistence with the environment, and some others. The author demonstrates close connection of these concepts with Judaic tradition, especially the messianism and negative theology of Maimonides. The paper is divided into chapters tracing the evolution of Fromm’s views on religion — from Hasidic Judaism, through following Freud and Marx, to the concept of humanistic religion. The analysis shows that starting from his early works and up to the radical, socialistic humanism as the pinnacle of his thought, Fromm as a philosopher and a strong Israelite draws inspiration from the religious tradition. Notably, his PhD thesis was devoted to the sociology of Hebrew diaspora, Der Sabbath, The Dogma of Christ. However, Fromm’s theory of religion, accordant with the Frankfurt School, combines aspects of Hegel, Marx and Freud’s teachings. Fromm’s views on religion are an original, self-consistent synthesis of diverse ideas, and result in the concept of radical humanism. The paper specifically considers Fromm’s view on idolatry as a form of alienation. Fromm urges to fight against idolatry in a bro.ader sense, finding it in various social phenomena, ranging from consumerism to religious fundamentalism. The paper also reviews the concept of X-experience that Fromm gives in You Shall Be as Gods. The X-experience is a special transcendental experience, separated from its multiple theistic or non-theistic conceptualizations. X-experience is psychological in its nature and leads to diminishing or eliminating narcissism. It constitutes a certain opposition to the alienation caused by idolatry. The work also considers Fromm’s idea of humanistic religion as related to his other concepts. The author supposes that the distinction between authoritarian and humanistic religions is tied to the earlier separation into authoritarian and humanistic ethics that Fromm presents in Man for himself. The impact of Marx and Freud on Fromm’s philosophy of religion is highlighted. While drawing from both, Fromm considered Marx’s theory to be deeper and more significant.
The Slippery Slope Argument in the Context of Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
Authors: Antipov A. V.
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the slippery slope argument and its application to the problem of legalizing euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. The argument is often referred to in discussions of abortion, in vitro fertilization, etc., but it has been little developed in the Russian-language literature. This explains the relevance and novelty of this article. The focus is on the ways of representation of the argument in research. It distinguishes its main types: logical (disintegrating into no-principle distinction argument and the soritical argument), empirical (or psychological argument), and non-logical (metaphorical). Each of these types of argument is constructed according to a certain principle and has a number of features and critiques. A common place for criticism of an argument is its focus on the future so that it makes reasoning probabilistic. The logical type of argument is centered around denoting the transition between the original event and its adverse consequences and denotes the action of social factors to accelerate the transition. The no-principal distinction argument implies that there is no moral distinction between the events at the beginning and the end of the slope. The soritical argument involves intermediate steps between questionable and unacceptable practices. The conceptual slope is another variant of the logical kind of argument. The empirical argument illustrates a situation of changing societal values which results in an easier acceptance of morally disapproved practices. The metaphorical argument is used to illustrate the metaphor of slope and the situation of the accumulation of small problems that lead to serious undesirable results. The non-logical kind of argument centers around the routinization of practice, desensitization, and exploitation of unprotected groups in society. Exploitation can be called the victims' slope. It grounds its consideration on the abuse of the practice being administered. Application of the ethical methodology (theoretical-logical and empirical-historical) to the types of arguments and ways of their application allows us to highlight the value component of the argument, to determine its dilemma nature and to correlate it with bioethical principles. The application of bioethical principles to suppress the transition to undesirable consequences is critiqued on the basis of particularly difficult cases in which one is unable to articulate one's decision. The criticism of the argument is built on the probabilistic nature of the reasoning, the lack of reflection on the underlying premise and the lack of empirical evidence. It concludes that the slippery slope argument is incapable of being the only valid justification for rejecting the practices of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia.
¿Favorecen los pagos por servicios ambientales el mantenimiento de las huertas cafetaleras? Evidencia del Ejido de San Vicente de Benítez, Guerrero, México
Authors: Serafín-Castro Alejandra Marussia , Cortina-Villar Sergio , Monzón-Alvarado Claudia , Segura-Pacheco Héctor Ramón
Published: December 2021

Objetivos: determinar: a) si hubo un significativo abandono de los cafetales en el ejido San Vicente de Benítez, Guerrero, México por la emigración de las familias y b) si el mantenimiento y permanencia de las plantaciones de café, fueron favorecidos por el otorgamiento de pagos por servicios ambientales (PSA) a los ejidatarios entre los años 2012 y 2016 en el mismo ejido. Metodología: se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas a las autoridades del ejido y observaciones de campo durante la fase exploratoria del trabajo; posteriormente, se aplicó un cuestionario a 64 jefes de familia. Resultados: Se estima que 8% de las familias emigraron entre 2012 y 2016, pero sus cafetales no quedaron en el abandono pues, antes de irse, los vendieron a otras familias, que se hicieron cargo de ellos. Quienes permanecieron no vendieron. La sustitución de cafetales por otros cultivos fue menor a 1%. No hubo relación entre los PSA y las superficies de café podadas, renovadas o deshierbadas, ni con la mano de obra pagada. Sin embargo, entre los años 2014 y 2016, la superficie que cada hogar fumigó contra la roya del café (Hemileia vastatrix) y la cantidad de trabajo familiar aplicado en el deshierbe tuvieron una relación estadística directa y significativa con el monto de PSA que cada familia recibió. Por otra parte, el programa de PSA favoreció el cumplimiento de las reglas que protegen los árboles nativos que dan sombra a los cafetos. Limitaciones: El número de familias que han dejado la comunidad no se determinó con precisión. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que los PSA favorecieron la continuidad de los cafetales del ejido y, por tanto, de los servicios ambientales que estos prestan.
Prácticas alimentarias y migración: los capitales de Bourdieu en la experiencia de una localidad mexicano-guatemalteca en el sur de México
Authors: Ramos-Gallardo Rosalinda , García-Ortega Martha
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: con el fin de comprender el proceso de cambios y reestructuraciones que impactaron en la alimentación y en el habitus de las entrevistadas, el presente texto explica la construcción de las prácticas alimentarias de una localidad migrante que experimentó la movilidad forzada y el refugio en la zona transfronteriza entre Guatemala y México. Metodología: la base teórico-metodológica se compone por entrevistas a generaciones distintas, y la teoría de los capitales de Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: con ello se presenta una aproximación a los principales elementos que permitieron la construcción de sus prácticas alimentarias desde su salida de Guatemala hasta la época actual. Limitaciones: si bien solo se trabaja con una familia, su estudio permitió comprender algunos de los elementos principales del proceso descrito. Conclusiones: a partir de este ejercicio se concluye que las estructuras tanto subjetivas como objetivas condicionan la producción cultural referente a las prácticas alimentarias.
Skąd wziął się w Krakowie traktat Franciszka Eiximenisa "Ars praedicandi populo"? Trzy możliwe drogi
Authors: Grzybowska Lidia
Published: December 2021

This article aims to present three hypotheses about how the preaching treatise of the Catalan author, Francesc Eiximenis, entitled 'Ars praedicandi populo', ended up in Krakow in the library of Mikołaj Spycymir. For this purpose, three codices, which contain copies of the Eiximenis treatise, were compared to each other. The article also presented in more detail the biography of Nicolaus Spycymir, the owner of the oldest copy of the treatise. The first two hypotheses are related to the Franciscan Order and diplomatic travels and pilgrimages to Compostela. They seem not to be as well-grounded in the sources as the third hypothesis, which concerns the Polish delegations to the Council of Basel and Council delegations coming to Kraków. One of the delegates of the Council was Marc Bonfill, a Catalan theologian and well-known preacher, associated, like Eiximenis, with the University of Lerida and Girona. The article also pays special attention to Bonfill’s associate, Stanisław Sobniowski, who was a close friend of Spycimir. It is possible that Spycymir obtained the treatise on the preaching arts through these connections (Bonfill or Sobniowski). This hypothesis, however, requires further research.
António Feijó i Leopold Staff – poetyckie wizje Orientu na tle polsko-portugalskich relacji literackich i kulturalnych (od parnasizmu do palimpsestu)
Authors: Kalewska Anna
Published: December 2021

The article aims to discuss the Chinese culture inspirations in Polish and Portuguese modernist poetry. In the context of Polish-Portuguese literary relationships, late Romantic, Symbolic, Parnassianism-related and Oriental tendencies are presented in the works of a Portuguese poet Antón Feijó (1859–1917), with references to a selected aspect of Leopold Staff’s works (1878–1957). A historical-literary analysis is accompanied by literary and cultural comparative studies. Within the comparative method of presenting the Parnassian palimpsests, as 'The Chinese Lyric Book' ('Cancioneiro Chinês', 1890) by António Feijó and 'Chinese Flute' ('Fletnia chińska', 1922) by Leopold Staff are categorised, the thesis about the independent status of the works in question was built. Modernist visions of the Orient, understood to date a paraphrase or an adaptation of Chinese poetry read in translations from French, gain the status of original works. In view of blurring the differences between the European adaptations – Portuguese poem and Polish poetic prose, based on Oriental motifs drawn from two different French sources (translations): Judith Gautier’s and Franz Touissant’s works – and the Chinese original, the methodological approach to the text as to a palimpsest is justified. Feijó’s “Chinese Poetry” and Oriental poetic landscapes in Staff’s prose are therefore independent literary works, analysed in parallel, as mirror reflections of the fascination with the Orient’s culture. The literary works in question fully deserve the title of cultural texts, the recipient of which will be a Polish reader, a lover of poetry inspired by French Parnassianism.
Dziewiętnastowieczne wydania polskich przekładów pism Świętej Teresy z Ávili
Authors: Kacprzak Marta M.
Published: December 2021

From the 1840’s to the end of the 19th century more than twenty editions of Polish translations of texts by Saint Teresa of Ávila, as well as the ones attributed to her, were released. It was attempted to popularise her works, information about her life and thought, as well as the cult of her, knowledge about Christian mysticism and the revival of religious life. Two important bibliographies presenting the reception of Teresa in Poland: one by Stefania Ciesielska-Borkowska (1939) and the other one by Benignus Wanat (1972) require complementing and corrections, which should find reflection in contemporary editions and catalogues. The paper presents all the editions of works by Teresa (fragments, all works, collections of works, as well as paraphrases), released in Polish in the 19th-century books and periodicals. It corrects the mistakes in bibliographical descriptions, which result from mistakes in the publications themselves, as well as errors in attribution. It refers to the authorship of anonymous translations and their undetermined bases, it characterises briefly the environments in which Saint Teresa’s works were translated and published. It presents the religious, literary, social and scientific purposes accompanying the texts by Teresa, as well as translation, editorial and ideological assumptions. It shows the editions of Saint Teresa’s texts in translations or paraphrases by: Sebastian Nucerin, Ignacy Hołowiński, Nina Łuszczewska, Eleonora Ziemięcka, Michał Bohusz Szyszko, Eleonora z Paprockich Szemiothowa, Zygmunt Krasiński, Lucjan Siemieński, Ignacy Domeyko, Karmela Wiktima od Jezusa (Amalia Zenopolska), Tadeusz Miciński, Henryk Piotr Kossowski, as well as anonymous translators.
Z dziejów recepcji Luisa Vaz de Camõesa w Polsce: Adam Bełcikowski czyta "Luzjady" [Adam Bełcikowski, "Luzjady" Camõesa]
Authors: Stachura-Lupa Renata
Published: December 2021

The paper presents Adam Bełcikowski’s study about 'Os Lusíadas 'by Luis Vaz de Camões. Bełcikowski’s text was issued in „Nowa Reforma” in Krakow (1891, nos. 26–27, 29–32, 35–37), soon after the release of the translation of 'The Lusiads' into Polish by Zofia Trzeszczkowska (Adam M-ski) on the Polish book market. The critic made an attempt at familiarising the Polish reader with the poem, indicating its ideological-artistic value.
DISPLAY OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE SOMATOTYPOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF YOUNG MEN AND GIRLS IN THE NORTHERN REGION
Authors:   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Ilyushchenko Natalya Aleksandrovna , Ragozina Olga Vasilievna , Eskindyrova Zalina Biygeldievna , Gainutdinova Yulia Olegovna , Shevnin Igor Andreevich
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the data of anthropometric and somatotypological studies of 164 boys and 174 girls of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, of diff erent sex somatotypes. It was found that 44% of boys and 15% of girls, according to sexual somatic diff erentiation, correspond to the biological sex, 40% of boys and 58% of girls have mild gender dysplasia in the form of mesomorphism, and 21% of boys and 27% of girls have signs of sex inversion. In young men from the northern region, clear sexual dimorphism anthropometric parameters were revealed. In girls of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra of diff erent sex somatotypes, no statistically signifi cant diff erences were found in most anthropometric parameters, which is associated with the general tendency of their somatic profi le to asthenization and masculinization
FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF STUDENTS IN UNCOMFORTABLE CLIMATOGEOGRAPHIC LIVING CONDITIONS Message 1
Authors:   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Shalamova Elena Yuryevna , Ragozin Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: December 2021

The parameters of a simple visual-motor reaction were studied in students of the Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy and Kurgan State University. Diff erences in the functional state of the central nervous system in groups of university students studying in diff erent climatogeographic conditions, depending on gender, have been established. The level of the functional state of the central nervous system in male students of the surveyed universities was comparable, in female groups it was higher in female students of the Northern Academy.
FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF STUDENTS IN UNCOMFORTABLE CLIMATOGEOGRAPHIC LIVING CONDITIONS Message 2
Authors:   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Shalamova Elena Yuryevna , Ragozin Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: December 2021

Interhemispheric functional asymmetry was studied in students of Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy and Kurgan State University. The diff erences in the activation of the cerebral hemispheres in young people studying in diff erent climatogeographic conditions, depending on gender, were determined. Male Northerners demonstrated a symmetrical activation profi le of the large hemispheres. In Kurgan young men, the predominance of right-hemisphere activity was determined by the speed of a simple visual-motor reaction and the functional level of the nervous system. In the groups of girls, a large activation of the right hemisphere was observed in Northerners by the duration of the latent reaction period and the functional level of the nervous system, and in KSU students by all parameters of a simple visualmotor reaction.
Relación entre la intención de ser físicamente activo y el desplazamiento al centro educativo: propuestas de intervención para potenciar el desplazamiento activo
Authors: Cerro-Herrero David , Prieto-Prieto Josué , Tapia Serrano Miguel Angel , Vaquero-Solís Mikel , Sánchez-Miguel Pedro Antonio
Published: December 2021

El presente estudio analiza el desplazamiento activo al colegio en escolares de primaria y su posible relación con la intención de ser físicamente activo. Un total de 203 estudiantes (6 a 12 años) contestaron un cuestionario sobre hábitos de desplazamiento semanal al colegio y sobre su intención de ser físicamente activos. Aproximadamente la mitad de los participantes se desplazan de forma activa al colegio (50.8%), no se encontraron diferencias significativas por sexo, ni por edad respecto a la forma de desplazarse, si se hallaron diferencias en función de la distancia entre el domicilio y el centro educativo, siendo los que viven cerca quienes suelen desplazarse de forma más activa. En lo referente a la intención de ser físicamente activo se obtuvo una puntuación media de 4.37 (DT=0.6%) sobre un máximo de 5, pero no se encontró relación con el modo de desplazamiento activo. Es necesario implementar intervenciones que fomenten la visión del desplazamiento activo como una actividad físico -deportiva (mediante la inclusión de elementos de competición, cooperación, gamificación, retos y visibilidad) para poder de este modo aprovechar los altos niveles de intención de ser físicamente activo para aumentar los niveles de desplazamiento activo en los escolares e intentar de este modo superar la barrera que supone vivir lejos del centro educativo.
A Proposed Model for the Application of Accounting for Environmental Costs according to Nanoscale Consumption Standards C115-9(CN0501) in Wasit Textile & Knitting Factory
Authors: Muhalhal Abbas , Hashem Zainab Khalil
Published: December 2021

Given the inability of the industrial sector in general and the textile sector in particular to support the requirements of adopting secondary consumption standards. And that this sector does not take into account the waste resulting from the production process and its costs. As well as not defining, measuring and revealing the environmental aspects in light of the accounting system currently applied, as the research aims to develop a model that fits with the environmental requirements of the Iraqi industry in light of the requirements of nanoscale consumption standards C115-9 (CN0501). Through which the environmental aspects and their costs are identified, measured and disclosed and disclosed in the financial statements. The research was based on the hypothesis that the disclosure of environmental costs can be determined and measured according to nanoscale consumption standards. And in line with the environmental Iraqi industry. The research reached the possibility of developing a model in which environmental costs can be determined and deviations in these costs can be determined based on the adoption of this model. The research recommended the necessity of adopting international standards and setting in a manner that is appropriate with the local environment.
The Effect of Company Size on the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Corporate Performance in the Iraqi Stock Exchange
Authors: Al-Shiblawi Ghazwan , Mahdi Dalal , Mahdi Mohammed
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study is to assess The Effect of Company Size on the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Corporate Performance in the Iraqi Stock Exchange. The statistical population under study is listed companies of  Iraq Stock Exchange and the number of companies studied in Iraq is 35, from 2015-2019. The results concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between the change (increase) of institutional ownership and the performance of the company, and this relationship is direct, as well as the relationship between the change (increase) of institutional ownership and the performance of the company. It can change under the influence of the company's size, and this relationship is negative, meaning the larger the company's size, the weaker the relationship. At the same time, the existence of a relationship between changing the composition of the members of the Board of Directors and the performance of the company was not supported, as well as between changing (increasing) the independence of the Board of Directors and the performance of the company, in addition to the relationship between changing the composition of the Board of Directors. The independence of the Board of Directors and the performance of the company is not affected by the change in the size of the company
The Actual Independence of the Governors of the Central Bank of Iraq and its Effects on Inflation for the Period 2003-2017
Authors: Ashoor Ehsan Jabr , Saleh Esraa Saeed , Ismael Maytham Elaibi
Published: December 2021

This research presents indicators that were used In estimating the independence of the Central Bank of Iraq, which distinguish between the law independence (de jure autonomy) and the actual independence (de facto autonomy) for the three central bank governors for the period 2003-2017, through the turnover rate index of governors (TOR). The research also provides a new indicator of the turnover rate of members in the executive authority in Iraq for the same period, and the effects on inflation. The study also outlines a set of behavioral indicators ​​for governors that highlight the effects of actual independence on inflation.

The main findings of the research were that the actual independence, in terms of the turnover rate index, gradually decreased for the research period, but the behavioral indicators of the governors showed that they maintain price stability. Therefore, the study presents evidence on the effect of the actual independence on inflation, because of the control of the exchange rate through the foreign currency auction and the decline of foreign reserves.
Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of Investment Spending on Achieving Growth for the Real Iraqi GDP
Authors: Hussein Muna Younus
Published: December 2021

The study aim to measurement Investment spending in economic activity Via its effect on the production of sectors of the national economy, and due to the fact that investment spending is linked to public revenues, especially petroleum, because of the economy’s direction, its direction has made investment spending allocations fluctuate with the fluctuation of these revenues and then Its weak impact on the real output in Iraq and then a weakness in achieving the real economic growth aims that are expected from this spending, as the research reached a significant weakness in the impact of investment spending on the real output with and without petroleum, as the increases did not match The big investment spending with real output growth with and without petroleum. which indicates weak efficiency and performance of the national economy in achieving the required real economic growth and a lot of use of the policy of transfer between expenditures as well as the lack of a long and short-term balance relationship between investment spending and real output with and without petroleum.
Evaluation Quality and Success Implementation of Nganjuk Smart City Mobile Application Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Delone Mclean Model Approach
Authors: Anisya Rossa Dini , Herlambang Admaja Dwi , Rachmadi Aditya
Published: December 2021

Nganjuk Smart City is an android-based mobile application that was created to help Nganjuk citizen obtain public information and services. This research uses Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Delone & Mclean in order to determine quality and success implementation condition of Nganjuk Smart City. Data retrieval was conducted by sharing online and offline questionnaires to 175 respondents and used purposive sampling techniques to determine research samples. The result of this research is quality condition implementation of Nganjuk Smart City based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) falls into high category and get 71.4% score, while successful condition implementation of Nganjuk Smart City based on Delone & McLean model falls into the high category and get 69.4% score. There are 4 variables and 18 indicators that get improvement recommendations because they get scores lower than the total average scores.
РОЛЬ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ ФАКТОРІВ У ФОРМУВАННІ ПСЕВДОМЕЙОБЕНТОСУ (TEMPORARY MEIOFAUNA) ОДЕСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ ЧОРНОГО МОРЯ
Authors: Vorobyova L. V.
Published: December 2021

An analysis of long-term studies has made it possible to characterize the formation density of pseudomeiobenthos (temporary meiofauna) settlements depending on the substrate, depth, and seasons of the year in the Odessa Sea region of the northwestern Black Sea by the example of oligochaetes, polychaetes and juvenile mollusks. Their largest accumulations (the total density of settlements was 30865.8±5384.3 ind m-2) are characteristic of the ground sand/shell, the smallest for silty substrate (averaged 11705.5±1337.8 ind.m-2). The maximum indices of the total number of temporary meiofauna were recorded on depth of 10-15 m (20826.3±5010.4 ind.m-2). As shown by long-term studies, the average indicators of the total number of meiobenthos are highest in the winter period. The same applies to the density of the temporary component.
Addressing nonlinear transient diffusion in porous media through transformations
Authors: Raghavan Rajagopal , Chen Chih
Published: December 2021

The nonlinear differential equation describing flow of a constant compressibility liquid in a porous medium is examined in terms of the Kirchhoff and Cole-Hopf transformations. A quantitative measure of the applicability of representing flow by a slightly compressible liquid – which leads to a linear differential equation, the Theis equation – is identified. The classical Theis problem and the finite-well-radius problem in a system that is infinite in its areal extent are used as prototypes to address concepts discussed. This choice is dictated by the ubiquity of solutions that depend on these archetypal examples for examining transient diffusion. Notwithstanding that the Kirchhoff and Cole-Hopf transformations arrive at a linear differential equation, for the specific purposes of this work – the estimation of the hydraulic properties of rocks, the Kirchhoff transformation is much more advantageous in a number of ways; these are documented. Insights into the structure of the nonlinear solution are provided. The results of this work should prove useful in many contexts of mathematical physics though developed in the framework of applications pertaining to the earth sciences.
Features of modern circuitry of strain-resistive pressure sensors: fiber-optic pyrometric thermal compensation, optical radiation supply
Authors:   Lavochkin Association, Leun E. V. , Sysoev V. К. ,   Lavochkin Association, Shakhanov A. E. ,   Lavochkin Association, Mishin Yu. N. ,   Lavochkin Association
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the issues of improving strainresistive pressure sensors (PS) for their joint use with modern achievements of fiber optics (FO). The possibilities of implementation and features of FO pyrometric compensation of the temperature error of semiconductor and resistive strain-resistor, optical and/or electrical heating of the strain gage for selfcalibration of the pyrometer, power supply by optical radiation transmitted through a light guide with galvanic isolation of the PS circuit, increased noise reduction and fire and explosion safety are considered. Noise properties of semiconductor and resistive strainresistor are also considered.
PRENESENI DJELOKRUG U LOKALNOJ SAMOUPRAVI: TEORIJSKA RAZMATRANJA I KOMPARATIVNA ISKUSTVA
Authors: Lopižić Iva +
Published: December 2021

After the abolition of the county administrative offices in January 2020, the tasks performed by the county administrative offices as first-instance state administration bodies were delegated to the counties, as the second level self-government units in Croatia. By this organizational change, the model of deconcentrated performance of state administration tasks was replaced by the model of administrative decentralization. In this context, the paper presents the features of the delegated scope of competence as an organizational performance model of state administration tasks in territorial units and administrative decentralization with a delegated scope of competence as an institutional result. The review of the scholarly literature on the delegated scope of competence and the effects of administrative decentralization is supported by a comparative review of the delegated scope of competence in the Czech and German local self-government. Based on theoretical considerations and comparative practices, the paper discusses the possible effects of the application of the delegated scope of competence in Croatian counties on their institutional development and performance of the delegated tasks.
Method of fire hazard assessment of oil and gas industry production technology
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Petrov A. P. , Kluban V. S. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Panasevich L. T. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Fire risk can be assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. A qualitative method for assessing fire hazard of the technological process (risk analysis) involves a detailed consideration of possible deviations from the technological regulations and failures in the production technology. Therefore, it can significantly increase the reliability of the hazard analysis to justify the technical decisions made to improve fire safety of production. Goals and objectives. Quantitative methods for analyzing fire hazard of technological processes and assessing fire risk have a number of significant drawbacks, they use various models, in which not always reasonable assumptions are often made. The use of such methods sometimes casts doubt on the results obtained. Hazard analysis using a qualitative analysis method is a sequential process of identifying violations not only of technological regulations, but also of fire safety requirements, and, consequently, the causes of accidents. Therefore, one of the most important purposes of this process is to check that all fire safety requirements are met. Methods. Method for assessing fire hazard of production technology by analyzing the consequences of "What happens if...?" (qualitative method of fire hazard assessment) allows us to consider problems related to possible causes of damage to technological equipment, the consequences of these causes, and the options adopted in the considered production for their prevention. The method is based on the development of a list of hazards, their division by hazard level and determining the most dangerous situations on this basis. Such a division makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the developed technical solutions that increase the level of fire safety of the production technology. Results and discussion thereof. The article reveals the essence of the method for assessing the fire hazard of production technology by analyzing the possible consequences of violations of technological regulations. The place of this method in the expert assessment of the fire hazard of production is shown and an example of the practical use of the method is given. Conclusion. Qualitative method of assessing fire danger of the technological process can complement quantitative methods, it can be their integral part, for example, when calculating the fire risk of production facilities, and it can act as an independent method for small enterprises in which it is not required to conduct a state expertise of projects, as well as when there is a need to assess compliance with fire safety requirements of the technical solutions adopted at the stages of design and operation of production. Keywords: pre-emergency situations, major accidents, fire safety system, explosion protection of a tubular furnace
Study of air mobility and liquid mass loss during ventilation of an experimental tank
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Stepanenko D. A. , Nazarov V. P. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Activities related to the repair and maintenance of vertical tanks of various design types are carried out both according to the work plan and unscheduled. Such work is often facilitated by both the expiration of the service life of obsolete tanks and corrosion of the internal surfaces, which is one of the main factors affecting the life of the tank. Goals and objectives. Due to the fact that volatile oil products are often stored in tanks with a pontoon, their repair and maintenance is an extremely fire and explosion hazardous event. To provide an explosion-proof vapor-air environment, forced ventilation is used, and special attention is drawn to recent studies devoted to an innovative "vortex" method of organizing ventilation of the internal space of the tank, which has not been previously used on a tank with a pontoon. Methods. To substantiate the effectiveness of the application of an innovative method of organizing ventilation for a tank with a pontoon, empirical research methods were used, as well as analytical numerical calculations to determine the average theoretical air mobility. Results and its discussion. The article proposes to pay attention to the innovative way of organizing ventilation of a reservoir with a pontoon as the most effective, relative to other methods of organizing ventilation, and the results of a numerical experiment to determine the average theoretical air mobility using the V.M. Elterman formula were compared with experimental ones. Conclusion. The results of experiments on the mass loss of the studied liquids and air mobility inside the experimental tank show that the innovative method is more effective than other ventilation methods. However, the results of numerical experiments cast doubt on the advisability of using the Elterman formula for generalizing experimental data as applied to the ventilation of experimental tanks with small volumes. Keywords: reservoir with a pontoon, forced ventilation, air mobility, liquid mass loss
Laboratory method of determining the rate of burnout of liquid fuel
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Kuzmin V. V. , Mikhalkin V. N. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Komrakov P. V. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Karnyushkin A. I. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. In accordance with the provisions GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) (Fire and Explosion hazard substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and metods of their determination) one of the important parameters of liquid combustion are the mass rate of liquid burnout and the influence of various conditions of the combustion process on the mass burnup rate. A laboratory method for determining the mass burnout rate of a combustible liquid has been developed. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to develop a laboratory method for determining the mass rate of liquid burn-up, which can be used in the educational process during laboratory work and to simulate the effect of combustion conditions on the mass rate of liquid burn-up. Methods. To implement this task, we used video recording of changes in the mass of the liquid during its combustion in vessels of different diameters, followed by graphical processing of the results of experiments for calculate the burn-up rate under different combustion conditions. Results and discussion. The method was tested on the example of the combustion of acetone. An example of computer-graphical result for calculating the mass rate of acetone burn-up is given. The empirical dependents of the acetone burn-up rate on the diameter of the liquid surface area is obtained. Conclusions. A laboratory method for determining the mass rate of burnout of a flammable liquid, which can be used in the educational process during laboratory work, has been developed. In contrast to GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84), the developed method can use vessels with a liquid diameter of more than 60 mm. Keywords: burnout rate, acetone, laboratory technique
Model of indicator of linearization of user interfaces of automated workplaces of operational units of emergency services
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Sokolov S. V. , Morozov A. N. ,   Research Center "Security" of Russian Guard
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article presents a model of one of the possible indicators of the quality of user interfaces (PIN) of automated workplaces of operational units of emergency and emergency rescue services (EiASS), namely, the linearization indicator that takes into account the psychophysiological features of human perception of visual information. Goals and objectives. Reducing the response time of the operational units of the EiASS by reducing the time of their dispatching. Development of a mathematical model and an algorithm for calculating the linearization indicator of PIN elements (EPIN), which allows estimating the dispatch time depending on their relative location on the monitor. Methods. Methods of set theory and relational algebra were used to construct a PIN model and an algorithm for calculating the linearization index. To describe the PIN configuration, the concepts of an archipelago and a frame of interface elements are introduced. Results and discussion. The success of the EiASS actions largely depends on the dispatch time, during which the required number of units is determined and sent. Therefore, the time spent on solving dispatching tasks is one of the most common and objective indicators of the quality of the PIN. The best of the investigated automated workplaces will be the one with the specified time less. However, the time indicator gives an idea only about the relative time - the time of operation of one automated workplace relative to another. And it does not give any idea of the absolute time that would be spent on solving the problem by some abstract automated workplace with an optimal EPIN configuration. For this reason, an indicator that is sensitive to the PIN configuration has been developed. The indicator gives an answer to the question of why one automated workplace is better than another, and can be used to optimize the layout of the PIN. Conclusions. Based on the proposed model, an algorithm for calculating the numerical values of the linearization indicator of user interface elements sensitive to their size and relative position on the monitor of the EiASS operator is developed. This allows you to optimize the user interface according to the criterion of time for solving tasks and, accordingly, reduce the dispatching time of the operational units of the EiASS. Keywords: operational units, user interface, quality, linearization indicator, navigation, sets, archipelago, frame
Ome features of sustainable functioning of the supervision division
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Satin A. P. , Burlachenko K. G. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Repin S. V. ,   Main Directorate of EMERCOM of Russia for Nizhny Novgorod region
Published: December 2021

Introduction. A review of statistical data on the main provisions of the work of the state fire supervision body was carried out. The dependences of the costs of working time and the array of tasks aimed at preventing and carrying out work to ensure the fire safety of the subject are revealed. An Ishikawa diagram has been developed for the main problems affecting the sustainable operation of the control system in the protected area. The expert assessments of the main problems, obtained from the results of a survey of employees of the Main Directorate of EMERCOM of Russia in the Nizhny Novgorod Region, have been investigated, the problem of research in terms of substantiating the required fund of working time has been updated. The methodology of the balance method for assessing the time fund has been adapted and an original algorithm for planning supervision activities has been developed. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the article is to ensure the sustainable functioning of the state fire control units in the organization of management in modern conditions. To achieve the goal, an algorithm has been developed to minimize the time spent on carrying out control and supervisory activities. Methods. In the course of the study, methods of processing statistical data, the method of graphic visualization, and the method of algorithmization were used. Results and its discussion. Some features of planning control and supervisory activities have been identified. An algorithm for assessing the hazard of protected objects has been developed, which allows minimizing the total time of inspections. The relevance of the research is substantiated. The results obtained in the course of the work can be used in the development of a management decision support system in the field of state fire supervision and in promising research areas related to this area. Keywords: state fire supervision, fire safety problems, distribution of working time fund, time resources, fire safety
Retrospective analysis of studies on the establishment of the fire source
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Lobaev I. A. , Pleshakov V. V. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Dzhugan V. R. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The establishment of the place of occurrence of a fire is one of the main directions of fire-technical expertise. Despite the fact that since the beginning of the XXI century, the productivity of research works devoted to the topic of establishing a fire source has increased, the modern approach does not provide sufficient accuracy of solving the problem, and the fire source is often localized with an unreasonably large error associated with the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the hearth in the room. The brief overview of the most significant studies in the field of fire detection given in the article is aimed at determining the direction of the development of ideas about this subject area, which will eventually make it possible to optimize the research processes, determine the most rational areas of work, allocate resources and regulate the risks of expert errors in the future. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the analysis is to consider the comprehensive problems of research in the field of fire source. The objectives of the study are to objectively assess the methodological approach to the establishment of a fire source, to identify the shortcomings of its establishment and to form the basis for the development of new approaches to the establishment of a fire source. Methods. A retrospective analysis of studies on the problems of establishing a fire source during fire-technical expertise was carried out. During the analysis, the following tasks were performed: selection and preparation of the necessary data for conducting an analytical review; analysis of information; a reasonable idea of the direction of development of the methodological approach to establishing the fire source, as well as the preparation of conclusions based on the conducted retrospective analysis. Results and their discussion. It is determined at what time it appeared, how it manifested itself and the question of the organization and content of research in the field of fire was changing. Since the beginning of the XXI century, mathematical modeling of the dynamics of fire hazards makes it possible to expand the possibilities of predicting results with a significant variation in the initial data on the location of the fire source, which will increase the effectiveness of the study. Conclusions. The second decade of the XXI century is characterized by the intensive development in Russia of works on the creation of new effective methods for establishing a fire source based on the comparison of the results of the study of mathematical models and actual fire data. Keywords: retrospective analysis, fire source, information processing method, fire-technical expertise, fire hazards