bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of selenium and zinc addition in food on concentration of these elements in blood and milk, on somatic cells number and histological characteristics of cows udders
Authors: Davidov Ivana , Cincovic Marko , Radinovic Miodrag , Erdeljan Mihajlo , Belic Branislava , Toholj Bojan , Stevancevic Milenko
Published: September 2014

The experiment included 30 cows of Holstein-Friesian breed, out of which 15
were receiving selenium and zinc in optimal doses before calving, while the
others had never been supplemented with these micronutrients. There was
analysed the concentration of selenium and zinc in blood and milk serum as
well as the average number of somatic cells in corresponding lactation. After
the cows exclusion from production, histological characteristics of cows
udders were examined. The results of the investigation have shown that
addition of selenium and zinc before calving has a positive effect on the
values of these microelements in the blood and milk during the period of
early lactation, that is, the concentration of these elements was
significantly higher in the blood and milk of the cows that obtained selenium
and zinc supplements. Also, in these cows there was significantly lower
number of somatic cells during the following lacation period. In the
parenchyma of the udder there was found less pronounced infiltration of
leukocytes, notably thicker keratin layer of ductus papillaris and less
expressed repairing processes that indicate a chronic inflammation of the
udder in the samples after exclusion of the cows from production. There was a
significant positive correlation between selenium in blood and milk, while
there was not observed such a correlation for zinc. On the other hand, there
was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of selenium
in the blood and milk with the average number of somatic cells and the degree
of infiltration of leukocytes, while its influence on the keratin layer of
ductus papillarus was not shown. Zinc from blood and udder had a negative
correlation with the number of somatic cells, had a positive correlation with
the thickness of ductus papillaris keratin layer and had no influence on the
level of leukocyte infiltration of udder parenchyma. Zinc demonstrates a
positive influence on the formation of ductus papillaris keratin layer and
protects the udder from pathogens penetration, while selenium stimulates the
immunological response of the udder. Their positive impact can be defined as
additive, because athough they have effect on two morphologically separate
udder parts, adding both of them significantly decreases the number of
somatic cells in milk.
Serological monitoring of ornitobacteriosis in broilers in South Banat district
Authors: Gavrilovic Pavle , Vaskovic Nikola , Jovanovic Milijan
Published: September 2014

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a relatively recently discovered bacterium
and its role in the pathology of avian respiratory infections has not yet
been clarified. Since there was no data relating to the prevalence of this
infection in Serbia at the time of carrying out our investigations, we
decided to explore the prevalence of the infection in broilers and its
influence on clinical manifestations at the selected apizootiological area
with developed poultry industry. A total of 430 blood samples from 26 flocks
of broilers of different ages, from five municipalities were taken for
examination. The serum samples were tested by ELISA for the presence of
specific antibodies to the agent. Epizootiological investigation was carried
out based on the results obtained with serological testing and
epizootiological data, collected from the farms. The data were analyzed
statistically to identify association between the infection and manifestation
of clinical symptoms by Fisher?s exact test. Seropositive chickens were
detected in 16 out of 26 examined broiler flocks at the age of 3 to 56 days.
The percentage of seropositive samples per flock was 5-30%. The titer values
of specific antibodies ranged from 946 to 6886. Serological response to O.
rhinotracheale was evidenced in five flocks which had clinical symptoms in
the form of respiratory tract disorders or stunting. However, specific
antibodies against the agent were discovered in 11 flocks which did not show
clinical symptoms. Statistical analysis revealed no association between the
presence of infection and the appearance of clinical symptoms (p = 0.1213).
The results are in agreement with those of other authors who investigated the
prevalence of this infection and its manifestations in other countries. The
present investigation determined indirectly, serologically a presence of O.
rhinotracheale in the majority of examined broiler flocks (61,54%) and a
small average number of individual seropositive chickens per flock - 10 % of
all examined samples. Although O. rhinotracheale is wide-spread in intensive
broiler production in South Banat its presence does not always lead to
clinical manifestation of respiratory tract disorders. Seropositive chickens
are detected in the first week of life, which indicates the presence of
maternal antibodies. Presence of antibodies as the response of organism to
the natural infection is detected in chickens after four weeks of age.
Optimization of the Cutting Process of Wood-Based Agglomerated Materials by Abrasive Water-Jet
Authors: Kvietková Monika , Barcík Štefan , Gašparík Miroslav
Published: September 2014

This paper deals with the cutting MDF, OSB, and plywood boards by abrasive water-jet (GMA Garnet Australian, grain size 80, MESH = 0.188 mm), with a kerf width depending on the material properties and technical parameters (material thickness, cutting direction, abrasive flow, and feed speed). The entry of water-jet cutting in the longitudinal direction produces changes in the material due to lateral leads spreading the width of the cut joints by an average of 0.20 mm for MDF boards, 0.3 mm for OSB boards, and 0.17 mm for plywood. On the exit side of the material, the water has the opposite effect. In relation to the thicknesses of the material, the width of the cut joints increases. The experiment has shown that the optimum value of the feed speed is explicitly 400 mm.min-1, at which the kerf width reaches the lowest dimensions both at entry and exit, and the abrasive flow of 450 g.min-1 has been shown as optimum.
Forest Litter Interception Model for a Sessile Oak Forest
Authors: Zagyvainé Kiss Katalin Anita , Kalicz Péter , Csáfordi Péter , Gribovszki Zoltán
Published: September 2014

Models that describe hydrological processes in forests may help to estimate the consequences of forestry interventions or of climate change. The authors employed a hydrologic model for estimation of forest litter interception of a middle-aged sessile oak (Quercus petraea) stand. Antecedent water content and the storage capacity of the forest litter were the main parameters of the model. The antecedent water content of the litter was estimated by the daily precipitation and temperature data, collected in Hidegviz Valley research catchment in a three year measurement period (2006-2008). The measurements were done by an instrument we developed ourselves, where the undisturbed forest litter samples were enclosed in frames and measured in daily time steps.
Method for preventing air pollution: Methane oxidation by two types of catalysts
Authors: Covaliu Cristina Ileana , Traistaru Gina Alina , Paraschiv Gigel
Published: September 2014

Methane oxidation using different catalysts is an useful process for preventing air pollution. This study presents the methane oxidation by two types of catalysts: Pd-Sn/Al2O3 and spinel mixed oxide, CuFe2O4. The Pd-Sn/Al2O3 was successfully prepared by sol-gel method and CuFe2O4 by co-precipitation method. The catalysts obtained have been characterized structurally, morphologically and texturally by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area (BET). The catalytic activity tests regarding methane oxidation were also performed.
Study of phenolic compounds in red grapes and wines from Murfatlar wine center
Authors: Artem Victoria , Geana Elisabeta-Irina , Antoce Arina Oana
Published: September 2014

The latest research revealed that phenolic compounds play an important role in the quality of red wine, particularly on colour and astringency and also are responsible for the sanogenic or multiple benefic effects on human health after a moderate consumption of wine. This paper presents the ripening evolution of routine quality control parameters (sugars, acids, weight of 100 berries) and phenolic compounds (anthocyanins and polyphenolic index) during 2013 year for the most representative red grape varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Feteasca Neagra, Pinot Noir and Mamaia) authorized to obtain wines with denomination of origin controlled in Murfatlar wine center. Also, the phenolic profile of obtained red wines was evaluated by reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography. The reported results were useful to find the optimum moment for grape harvest ensuring the production of high quality wines.
Evaluation of toxic metal levels in edible tissues of three wild captured freshwater fishes
Authors: Peycheva Katya , Makedonski Lubomir , Merdzhanova Albena , Stancheva Mona
Published: September 2014

River ecosystems are vulnerable to heavy metal pollution. Fish samples are considered as one of the most indicative factors, in fresh water systems, for the estimation of trace metals pollution potential since they are the final chain of aquatic web. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the concentration of some toxic elements (As, Hg, Pb, Cd and Ni) in edible part of three wild fresh water fish species (zander (Sander lucioperca), wels catfish (Silurus glanis) and European carp (Cyprinus Carpio)) caught from Bulgarian part of Danube river collected during 2010. The Danube River is the European Union's longest and the continent's second longest river that passes through or touches the borders of ten countries. It has a great importance in regard to biodiversity, economics and transportation. The elements (As, Pb, Cd and Ni) were assayed using Perkin Elmer Zeeman 3030 electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer with an HGA-600 atomizer. Determination of Hg was performed using Milestone Direct Mercury Analyzer DMA-80. The results were expressed as μg/g dry weight. The order of heavy metal accumulation in the edible part of zander is As>Hg>Pb> Ni> Cd while the other two fish species show a different metal accumulation Hg > As >Pb> Ni > Cd. In all heavy metals, the accumulation of mercuric and arsenic proportion was significantly high in all three fish types.
Biological Control Against the Cowpea Weevil (Callosobruchus Chinensis L., Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Using Essential Oils of Some Medicinal Plants
Authors: Fatiha Righi Assia , Kada Righi , Khelil Anouar , Pujade-Villar Juli
Published: September 2014

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a valuable foodstuff but unfortunately this legume is prone to insect attacks from the chick pea weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). This serious pest damages the chickpea and causes decreases in the yield and in the nutritional quality. Biological control is being used to deal with this problem. We tried different doses of the essential oils of three new medicinal plants, namely Salvia verbenaca L., Scilla maritima L., and Artemisia herba-alba Asso to limit the damage of the chick pea weevil pest, and to protect consumer’s health. To determine the effect and efficiency of the oil, the tests were conducted using the different biological parameters of fertility, longevity, and fecundity, under controlled temperature and relative humidity (28°C and 75%). The effectiveness of organic oils was demonstrated. We tested these oils on the germination of seeds. The obtained results showed that the tested plant oils have a real organic insecticide effect. The essential oil of Artemisia proved most effective as a biocide; achieving a mortality rate of 100%. A significant reduction in longevity was observed under the effect of 30 μl of S. maritima (1.3 days) and S. verbenaca (2.8, 4.6 days), respectively, for males and females compared to 8 and 15 days for the control. For fecundity, an inhibition of oviposition was obtained using 30 μl of Salvia and Scilla essential oils. The test on the seed germination using different essential oils, showed no damage to the germinating seeds. The germination rate was 99%. These findings suggest that the tested plants can be used as a bioinsecticide for control of the C. chinensis pest of stored products.
The Effect of Potato Ridge Height and Harvest Date on Tuber Injuries
Authors: Rymuza Katarzyna , Bombik Antoni , Stopa Dariusz , Pawlonka Zbigniew
Published: September 2014

A potato experiment was conducted from 2004 to 2006 at the Zawady Experimental Farm. The farm is part of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Poland. Tuber infection and injury by diseases and pathogens of three potato cultivars were assessed according to the potato ridge height and harvest date. The weight of mechanically injured tubers was also determined depending on the potato ridge height and harvest date. The weight of potato tubers infected by fungal and bacterial diseases was influenced by the cultivar, growing season, harvest date, and ridge height. Potatoes grown to their standard height and height ridges, were significantly less infected by diseases at the first harvest date. The weight of tubers in which the tubers were injured by soil pests, was affected by the cultivar and ridge height. Potatoes cultivated in a ridge which was 20 cm high, had tubers with significantly less mechanical injuries compared with a low (16 cm) ridge and high (24 cm) ridge.
Some Brain Peptides Regulating the Secretion of Digestive Enzymes in the Indian Meal Moth, Plodia Interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Sajjadian Seyede Minoo , Hosseininaveh Vahid , Jahromi Khalil Talebi
Published: September 2014

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a destructive polyphagous pest of many stored products. To interfere with the physiological processes, especially digestion, of the larval pest, more information on the regulatory mechanisms is needed. The brain extract from 1-day-old last instar larvae of P. interpunctella was examined. In the bioassays, the midguts were treated with the brain extract, and the carbohydrase and protease activities were measured. The brain extract showed increasing dose-dependent effects on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, and trypsin secretion in the larval midgut. The extract was further characterised and partially purified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Several peptides were determined in the brain extract regulating hydrolase activities in the larval midgut of the pest.
Environmental Issues in the Media – Studentsí Perceptions in the Three Nordic-Baltic Countries
Authors: Keinonen Tuula , Yli-Panula Yli-Panula , Svens Maria , Vilkonis Rytis , Persson Christel , Palmberg Irmeli
Published: September 2014

The media, as a source of information, is supposed to have a significant role in effecting peopleís environmental knowledge and attitudes. The purpose of this study was to find studentsí perceptions of environmental issues as presented in the media and how students in Finland, Lithuania and Sweden used these media sources in the matters related to environmental issues. The most important source of environmental knowledge was found to be the Internet, followed by newspapers, television, school and education. In their own lives, students discussed environmental issues every day and, to some extent, in social media, discussion forums and blogs. In Finland, newspapers represented the most important source of environmental knowledge; in Lithuania, environmental organisations were the most prevalent, and, in Sweden, it was in a school or educational context. Based on these results, it was concluded that, in order to reach both genders of students in different countries and to more greatly benefit from all sources of information, a variety of media should be used in education for sustainability.
Sigara (Halicorixa) Mayri (Fieber, 1860) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Corixidae), A New Species for Ukraine
Authors: Grandova Maria A.
Published: September 2014

Sigara (Halicorixa) mayri is a Ponto-East Mediterranean species but it has not been recorded previously in Ukraine. This study shows that S. mayri lives in most of southern Ukraine. Within this territory it can be classified as a rare species distributed mostly along the sea coast.
Clinical value of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in health screening of general adult population
Authors: Tarnoki David Laszlo , Tarnoki Adam Domonkos , Richter Antje , Karlinger Kinga , Berczi Viktor , Pickuth Dirk
Published: September 2014

Background. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) and angiography (WB-MRA) has become increasingly popular in population-based research. We evaluated retrospectively the frequency of potentially relevant incidental findings throughout the body.

Materials and methods. 22 highly health-conscious managers (18 men, mean age 47±9 years) underwent WBMRI and WB-MRA between March 2012 and September 2013 on a Discovery MR750w wide bore 3 Tesla device (GE Healthcare) using T1 weighted, short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) acquisitions according to a standardized protocol.

Results. A suspicious (pararectal) malignancy was detected in one patient which was confirmed by an endorectal sonography. Incidental findings were described in 20 subjects, including hydrocele (11 patients), benign bony lesion (7 patients) and non-specific lymph nodes (5 patients). Further investigations were recommended in 68% (ultrasound: 36%, computed tomography: 28%, mammography: 9%, additional MRI: 9%). WB-MRA were negative in 16 subjects. Vascular normal variations were reported in 23%, and a 40% left proximal common carotid artery stenosis were described in one subject.

Conclusions. WB-MRI and MRA lead to the detection of clinically relevant diseases and unexpected findings in a cohort of healthy adults that require further imaging or surveillance in 68%. WB-MR imaging may play a paramount role in health screening, especially in the future generation of (epi)genetic based screening of malignant and atherosclerotic disorders. Our study is the first which involved a highly selected patient group using a high field 3-T wide bore magnet system with T1, STIR, MRA and whole-body DWI acquisitions as well.
Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain, Function, and Quality of Life in Fibromyalgia: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Noehren Brian , Dailey Dana L. , Rakel Barbara A. , Vance Carol G.T. , Zimmerman Miriam B. , Crofford Leslie J. , Sluka Kathleen A.
Published: September 2014

Background

Fibromyalgia is a common chronic pain condition that has a significant impact on quality of life and often leads to disability. To date, there have been few well-controlled trials assessing the utility of nonpharmacological treatment modalities such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the management of pain and improvement in function in individuals with fibromyalgia.

Objectives

The purpose of this study will be to complete a long-term, multicenter study to assess the effects of TENS in women with fibromyalgia.

Design

This will be a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.

Participants

Three hundred forty-three participants with fibromyalgia will be recruited for this study.

Intervention

Participants will be randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: the intervention (TENS), placebo, or no treatment. After completing the randomized period, all participants will receive the intervention for 1 month. The participants will be asked to use TENS at the highest tolerable level for at least 2 hours daily during physical activity.

Measurements

The primary outcome will be pain with movement, with secondary outcomes assessing functional abilities, patient-reported outcomes, and quantitative sensory testing.

Limitations

Because having participants refrain from their typical medications is not practical, their usage and any change in medication use will be recorded.

Conclusions

The results of this study will provide some of the first evidence from a large-scale, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effectiveness of TENS on pain control and quality-of-life changes in patients with fibromyalgia.
Spreading Map Information over Different Depth Layers – An Improvement for Map-Reading Efficiency?
Authors: Edler Dennis , Huber Oliver , Knust Claudia , Buchroithner Manfred F. , Dickmann Frank
Published: September 2014

In recent years, True-3D representations such as lenticular visualization have entered the stage of analogue and, especially, digital cartography. The increase of 3D displays as products of mass media raises some fundamental questions about a new generation of 3D maps. Auto-stereoscopic displays allow cartographers to design 3D maps covering several information layers located at different positions along the depth axis. However, it remains unclear whether the opportunity to spread map information over different information depth layers can improve cartographic communication by helping to increase the duration and accuracy of map reading. This article presents the results of an empirical study, based on the test results achieved by 83 geography students who counted different map symbols in a series of 2D or 3D thematic maps of differing complexity.
A User Study of Experimental Maps for Outdoor Activities
Authors: Oksanen Juha , Halkosaari Hanna-Marika , Sarjakoski Tapani , Sarjakoski L. Tiina
Published: September 2014

This article presents results from a user study on experimental maps created for outdoor activities and demonstrates methods suitable for analyzing the map survey data. The first goal of the study was to find out to what degree the experimental maps created for the study satisfy the needs of map users in general. The second was a detailed exploration of opinions on the different map types to look for trends related to age, frequency of map use, or amount of time spent in nature. A third goal was to gauge interest and willingness to pay for experimental maps as printed products. In addition, the article demonstrates how cross-tabulation and correspondence analysis can be used to conduct versatile quantitative analysis and interpret map survey data. The survey results suggest that the conventional topographic-map-like products for outdoor activities currently offered by map publishers should be supplemented by new kinds of maps to attract and educate digital natives to become active map users. At the same time, the quality of information and representation of terrain accessibility on maps for outdoor activities must not be compromised simply to fulfil the broad-based needs of map users.
Vitamin D in Children’s Health
Authors: Weydert Joy
Published: September 2014

Knowledge of vitamin D in the health of children has grown greatly over the years, extending past the importance for calcium homeostasis and bone growth. There is growing recognition of the role vitamin D plays in health impacting the innate immune system to prevent infections and the adaptive immune system to modulate autoimmunity. Other studies are starting to reveal the neurohormonal effects of vitamin D on brain development and behavior, with a link to mental health disorders. Many of these effects start well before the birth of the child, so it is important that each pregnant woman be assessed for vitamin D deficiency and supplemented for the best possible health outcome of the child. It is recommended that targeting a 25(OH)D level of 40–70 ng/mL for each individual would provide optimal health benefits and reduce health care costs. Current recommended doses of vitamin D supplementation fall short of what is needed to obtain ideal serum levels. A vitamin D supplementation program to prevent disease, much like the current vaccination program, could potentially have a dramatic impact on overall health worldwide.
Metabolic Effects of Known and Novel HDAC and SIRT Inhibitors in Glioblastomas Independently or Combined with Temozolomide
Authors: Cuperlovic-Culf Miroslava , Touaibia Mohamed , St-Coeur Patrick-Denis , Poitras Julie , Morin Pier , Culf Adrian
Published: September 2014

Inhibition of protein deacetylation enzymes, alone or in combination with standard chemotherapies, is an exciting addition to cancer therapy. We have investigated the effect of deacetylase inhibition on the metabolism of glioblastoma cells. 1H NMR metabolomics analysis was used to determine the major metabolic changes following treatment of two distinct glioblastoma cell lines, U373 and LN229, with five different histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, as well as one inhibitor of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases (SIRT). The addition of the standard glioblastoma chemotherapy agent, temozolomide, to the HDAC and SIRT treatments led to a reduction in cell survival, suggesting a possibility for combined treatment. This study shows that distinct glioblastoma cell lines, with different metabolic profiles and gene expression, experience dissimilar changes following treatment with protein deacetylase inhibitors. The observed effects of inhibitors on mitochondrial metabolism, glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis suggest possible roles of protein deacetylases in metabolism regulation. Metabolic markers of the effectiveness of anti-protein deacetylase treatments have been explored. In addition to known deacetylation inhibitors, three novel inhibitors have been introduced and tested. Finally, 1H NMR analysis of cellular metabolism is shown to be a fast, inexpensive method for testing drug effects.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Makaluvamine Analogs
Authors: Nijampatnam Bhavitavya , Nadkarni Dwayaja , Wu Hui , Velu Sadanandan
Published: September 2014

Streptococcus mutans is a key etiological agent in the formation of dental caries. The major virulence factor is its ability to form biofilms. Inhibition of S. mutans biofilms offers therapeutic prospects for the treatment and the prevention of dental caries. In this study, 14 analogs of makaluvamine, a marine alkaloid, were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against S. mutans and for their ability to inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation. All analogs contained the tricyclic pyrroloiminoquinone core of makaluvamines. The structural variations of the analogs are on the amino substituents at the 7-position of the ring and the inclusion of a tosyl group on the pyrrole ring N of the makaluvamine core. The makaluvamine analogs displayed biofilm inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 0.4 μM to 88 μM. Further, the observed bactericidal activity of the majority of the analogs was found to be consistent with the anti-biofilm activity, leading to the conclusion that the anti-biofilm activity of these analogs stems from their ability to kill S. mutans. However, three of the most potent N-tosyl analogs showed biofilm IC50 values at least an order of magnitude lower than that of bactericidal activity, indicating that the biofilm activity of these analogs is more selective and perhaps independent of bactericidal activity.
Antioxidant Activity and Mechanisms of Action of Natural Compounds Isolated from Lichens: A Systematic Review
Authors: White Pollyanna , Oliveira Rita , Oliveira Aldeidia , Serafini Mairim , Araújo Adriano , Gelain Daniel , Moreira Jose , Almeida Jackson , Quintans Jullyana , Quintans-Junior Lucindo , Santos Marcio
Published: September 2014

Chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases are characterized by an enhanced state of oxidative stress, which may result from the overproduction of reactive species and/or a decrease in antioxidant defenses. The search for new chemical entities with antioxidant profile is still thus an emerging field on ongoing interest. Due to the lack of reviews concerning the antioxidant activity of lichen-derived natural compounds, we performed a review of the antioxidant potential and mechanisms of action of natural compounds isolated from lichens. The search terms “lichens”, “antioxidants” and “antioxidant response elements” were used to retrieve articles in LILACS, PubMed and Web of Science published until February 2014. From a total of 319 articles surveyed, 32 met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was observed that the most common isolated compound studied was usnic acid, cited in 14 out of the 32 articles. The most often described antioxidant assays for the study of in vitro antioxidant activity were mainly DPPH, LPO and SOD. The most suggested mechanisms of action were scavenging of reactive species, enzymatic activation and inhibition of iNOS. Thus, compounds isolated from lichens are possible candidates for the management of oxidative stress, and may be useful in the treatment of chronic diseases.
Climatic Design and Changing Social Needs in the Tropics: A Case Study in Kuching, Sarawak
Authors: Karol Elizabeth , Lai Vincent
Published: September 2014

On the periphery of most urban centres in the tropics, many new houses are being constructed in previously rural areas. However, the design of these houses shows little respect for local climate or local lifestyle, as they are now developer-constructed brick-and-concrete houses on smaller lots rather than community-built housing on large lots. This paper proposes a set of design strategies that acknowledges the particular needs related to climate and changing lifestyle in these tropical zones. Using case study methodology, the design strategies are tested on a prototype for an actual site in Tapah Village on the periphery of Kuching, Sarawak. In order to gauge the thermal performance of the prototype it was thermally simulated. The thermal simulation of the prototype showed that temperatures generally remained within an acceptable range without air-conditioning. An informal workshop was held in Tapah to gauge social acceptance of the design strategies. The prototype demonstrated that specific design strategies, some based on traditional designs, are essential in the tropics in order to minimise the need for air conditioning. These design strategies were acknowledged as important by the local community, although there was concern about the potential increase in the capital cost of such housing.
High cost burden and health consequences of antibiotic resistance: the price to pay
Authors: Chandy Sujith J , Naik Girish S , Balaji Veeraraghavan , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Thomas Kurien , Lundborg Cecilia Stalsby
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Rising antibiotic resistance may negatively affect the health and cost of care for patients. This study aimed to determine the impact of antibiotic resistance on costs and health consequences for patients. Methodology:  A one-year observational study was conducted at Christian Medical College, Vellore, a tertiary care hospital, on patients admitted into medical wards with a preliminary diagnosis of suspected sepsis. Patients with confirmed bacteremia were analysed in two groups – resistant and susceptible – based on susceptibility of causative bacteria to the empiric antibiotics administered. Clinical data and details about costs incurred were collected from hospital records. Costs and health consequences were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test. For median difference in costs, 95% bootstrap confidence interval was determined. Results: Overall, 220 patients were included. The median difference between resistant and susceptible groups in overall costs, antibiotic costs, and pharmacy costs was rupees (INR)/USD 41,993/700 (p = 0.001), 8,315/139 (p < 0.001) and 21,492/358 (p < 0.001), respectively. Health consequences such as intensive care admissions, complications, mortality, and length of stay were significantly higher in the resistant group as compared to susceptible group: 44% vs. 21% (p < 0.001), 56% vs. 37% (p = 0.006), 12% vs. 2% (p = 0.011), and 14 vs. 11 days (p = 0·027), respectively. Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance has a significant impact on cost and health consequences. These findings provide a key message for policymakers and other stakeholders to initiate feasible strategies to tackle resistance and reduce the burden.
Angola’s 2013 dengue outbreak: clinical, laboratory and molecular analyses of cases from four Portuguese institutions
Authors: Parreira Ricardo , Conceição Cláudia , Centeno-Lima Sónia , Marques Nuno , Saraiva da Cunha José , Abreu Cândida , Sá Laura , Sarmento António , Atouguia Jorge , Moneti Virgínia , Azevedo Telma , Nina Jaime , Mansinho Kamal , Antunes Abílio , Teodósio Rosa , Nazareth Teresa , Seixas Jorge
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) is the arbovirus with the widest impact on human health. In Africa in general, and in Angola in particular, the epidemiology and public health impact of DENV is far from clear. However, rapid population growth, unplanned urbanization, increased international travel, and the presence of virus major vector (Aedes aegypti) in the country suggest that DENV transmission may occur. Methodology: In parallel to the occurrence of a dengue outbreak affecting the capital of Angola, between March and July 2013 four Portuguese institutions diagnosed dengue infection in 146 individuals returning to Portugal. Clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and molecular analyses of partial viral genomic segments were performed. Results: The mean age of the individuals included in this study was 42 years old, the majority being men of Portuguese nationality, reporting various lengths of stay in Angola. Fever was the most reported clinical sign, being frequently associated (61.0%) with myalgia and headache. Hematological values, including hematocrit, white-blood cell and platelets counts, correlated with the absence of severe or complicated cases, or coagulation disorders. No deaths were observed. Viral NS1 was detected in 56.2% of the samples, and all NS1 negative cases had anti-dengue IgM antibodies. RT-PCR indicated the presence of DENV1, which was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of 25 partial NS5 viral sequences. Conclusion: The DENV cases analyzed conformed to classical and uncomplicated dengue, caused by the suggested exclusive circulation of a genetically homogeneous DENV1 of genotype III, apparently with a single origin.
Can Increasing Adult Vaccination Rates Reduce Lost Time and Increase Productivity?
Authors: Rittle Chad
Published: September 2014

This article addresses limited vaccination coverage by providing an overview of the epidemiology of influenza, pertussis, and pneumonia, and the impact these diseases have on work attendance for the worker, the worker's family, and employer profit. Studies focused on the cost of vaccination programs, lost work time, lost employee productivity and acute disease treatment are discussed, as well as strategies for increasing vaccination coverage to reduce overall health care costs for employers. Communicating the benefits of universal vaccination for employees and their families and combating vaccine misinformation among employees are outlined.
Early Structural Anomalies Observed by High-Resolution Imaging in Two Related Cases of Autosomal-Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Park Sung Pyo , Lee Winston , Bae Eun Jin , Greenstein Vivianne , Sin Bum Ho , Chang Stanley , Tsang Stephen H.
Published: September 2014

The authors report the use of adaptive-optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) to investigate RHO, D190N autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa in two siblings (11 and 16 years old, respectively). Each patient exhibited distinct hyperautofluorescence patterns in which the outer borders corresponded to inner segment ellipsoid band disruption. Areas within the hyperautofluorescence patterns exhibited normal photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium. However, AO-SLO imaging revealed noticeable spacing irregularities in the cone mosaic. AO-SLO allows researchers to characterize retinal structural abnormalities with precision so that early structural changes in retinitis pigmentosa can be identified and reconciled with genetic findings.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:469–473.]
Vitrectomy Alone in the Management of Giant Retinal Tears
Authors: Jain Nieraj , Kozak Jennifer A. , Niziol Leslie M. , Musch David C. , Zacks David N.
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the outcomes of vitrectomy without adjuvant scleral buckling for giant retinal tear (GRT) detachment and assess the impact of preoperative lens status on these outcomes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective review of consecutive cases of vitrectomy alone for primary GRT detachment at the University of Michigan from October 1992 through October 2012. The primary outcome measure was Kaplan-Meier–estimated single-surgery reattachment rate at 3 months.

RESULTS:

Eligibility criteria were met by 41 eyes of 40 patients. Six eyes (15%) had grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy at baseline. The single-surgery reattachment rate was 83% (95% CI: 67%, 91%) at 3 months, with no significant difference between phakic and nonphakic eyes.

CONCLUSION:

Based on this retrospective series, and within the confines of our eligibility criteria, adjuvant scleral buckling does not appear to be necessary in the management of primary GRT detachment.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2014;45:421–427.]
Polyethersulfone (PES) Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation: Effect of Polymer Blending
Authors: Mannan Hafiz Abdul , Mukhtar Hilmi , Murugesan Thanabalan
Published: September 2014

Effect of polymer blending on physico-chemical and gas permeation properties of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was studied. PES was chosen as base polymer and polysulfone (PSF) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) were added as glassy and rubbery polymer additives respectively. The morphology, thermal stability and miscibility of PES membranes were characterized by FESEM, TGA and DSC respectively to observe the effect of polymer blending. The prepared membranes were tested for permeation of CO2 and CH4 at a feed pressure of 2 to 10 bar. PES-PSF membrane exhibits the separation properties identical to PES membrane. PES-PVAc blend membrane was found to be immiscible and high permeability was achieved while the selectivity was lost.
A Review of Bio-Oil Upgrading by Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation
Authors: Tran Nga , Uemura Yoshimitsu , Chowdhury Sujan , Ramli Anita
Published: September 2014

Fast pyrolysis is an attractive thermal conversion process to generate the alternative liquid fuel. However, the bio-oil obtained from biomass pyrolysis has polarity, instability and low energy density due to contained oxygenated compound. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process is the most promising route for bio-oil upgrading through oxygen elimination. The products are suitable for co-feeding into the existing refineries. Metal catalyst and operating conditions play an important role in HDO efficiency. A summary of HDO process has been conducted with various metal catalysts, type of reactors, and reaction mechanisms. It also raises some challenges in improving catalyst efficiency, reducing hydrogen consumption, and effort to understand the HDO kinetics.
Recent Developments in Advanced Process Integration: Learning the Lessons from Industrial Implementations
Authors: Klemeš Jiří Jaromír , Varbanov Petar Sabev , Liew Peng Yen , Čuček Lidija , Kravanja Zdravko , Wan Alwi Sharifah Rafidah , Abdul Manan Zainuddin
Published: September 2014

Heat Integration (HI) has been developing in mutual cross-fertilisation with the industrial implementations over the last forty years. From the beginning, HI offered some guidance based on thermodynamic principles and their understanding. However, a number of aspects still need deeper consideration and solved problems have to be considered in more complexity to include the real-life issues. This presentation summarises the results of the three efficiently collaborating research groups: Centre for Process Integration and Intensification - CPI2 at University of Pannonia, Hungary, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia and Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. This team exploits the experiences gathered from the industrial projects as well as from the most recent academic research. The aim of this presentation is to provide some tested and proven guidance for future industrial applications as well as a solid support for getting the results with acceptable and realistic payback periods.
Hydration Behavior Study of Imidazolium Based ILs in Water
Authors: Lal Bhajan
Published: September 2014

These ILs were chosen to provide an understanding of the influence of the cation alkyl chain length, and the anion influence on the volumetric properties. Densities for aqueous solutions of ionic liquids having 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium as cation and chloride, bromide, iodide and acetate as anions were accurately measured at various concentrations and temperature, (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K. The results have been discussed in terms of hydrophobic hydration, hydrophobic interactions, and water structural changes in aqueous medium. The data were used in evaluating thermodynamic properties as apparent molar volumes, and apparent molar expansions. Apparent molar volumes were found to increase with temperature.
Biosorption of Heavy Metal Ions, Oil and Grease from Industrial Waste Water by Banana Peel
Authors: Borhan Azry , Phoon Kok Hoong , Taha Mohd Faisal
Published: September 2014

The objective of this research is to study the potential of using banana peel as a biosorbent in removing heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+) and oil/grease particles from industrial waste water. The study emphasizes on the parameters involved in the preparation phase of the banana peel adsorbent, such as particle sizes, activating agent, impregnation ratio, carbonization temperature and duration. Based on the findings, it shows that the adsorption capacity is correlated to the total surface area (SBET), pore volume (VT) and average pore diameter (D) of the materials. Sample A20 yields the highest percentage removal for all tested waste water pollutants, suggesting that banana peel based activated carbon can be used effectively as biosorption material.
Aspects of Carbon Dioxide Mitigation by Nannochloropsis oculata Cultured in a Photobioreactor
Authors: Krishnan Vijendren , Uemura Yoshimitsu , Yusup Suzana , Osman Norridah
Published: September 2014

This paper primarily presents on carbon dioxide mitigation by marine microalgae. Among the potential marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata has been identified as a promising species which can be utilized to reduce carbon dioxide concentration via photosynthesis process. The growth of N. oculata and lipid synthesis for biodiesel production is influenced by various aspects. The aspects that are focused in this paper include light source and intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and photobioreactor design. Besides, emerging technologies that are able to increase the efficiency of carbon dioxide reduction were also highlighted. As a whole, N. oculata might play a key role in reducing the global carbon dioxide emission as well as enhancing the biodiesel production.
Modelling of Carbon Dioxide Leakage in Abandon Wells Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Rahman Abdul Haziq Abdul , Abdullah Bawadi , Vo Dai Viet N.
Published: September 2014

Greenhouse gas emission (GHG) has become a serious threat to the environment due to emitting high CO2 concentration and thus depleting ozone layer. One of the potential mitigations is using carbon sequestration process by injecting CO2 back to underground. However, the stored CO2 has a potential to leakage from the storage through the wellbore, due to reaction of between supercritical CO2 and cement plug. The purpose of this research is to discover the potential of CO2 leakage from abandon well, by analyzing the reaction of CO2 with Portland cement and the effect of permeability, pressure, temperature and inflow velocity towards the reaction using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The results show that for base case scenario, the penetration rate of CO2 in cement plug is 150 mm in 100 years. The sensitivity analysis shows that permeability, pressure, temperature and inflow velocity has impacts on the CO2 penetration.
Zinc Removal from Wastewater Using Hydrogel Modified Biochar
Authors: Sanyang Lamin , Ghani Wan Azlina Wan Abdul Karim , Idris Azni , Mansor Ahmad
Published: September 2014

In this study, hydrogel-(rice husk) biochar composite (HBC-RH) was prepared using acrylamide (AAm) as monomer, with N.N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker, ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and rice husk biochar (RHB). The synthesized hydrogel-(rice husk) biochar composite was characterized for swelling capacity andthen utilized for the removal of zinc from wastewater. The optimum batch experimental conditions for this study were determined by evaluating the effect of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate initial concentration and contact time. Langmuir isotherm best fitted the HBC-RH sorption of Zinc whereas the kinetic data were best described by pseudo second-order. The maximum monolayer sorption capacity of HBC-RH for zinc was 35.75mg/g.
Photodegradation of Aqueous Diisopropanolamine Using Cu/TiO2: Effect of Calcination Temperature and Duration
Authors: Ramli Raihan Mahirah , Kait Chong Fai , Omar Abdul Aziz
Published: September 2014

The effects of calcination temperature and duration during preparation of Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst were investigated. The photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray and BET specific surface area analyzer. It was observed that the temperature and duration during calcination process have a significant effect on the photocatalyst properties and photocatalytic activity. Optimum temperature and duration for the calcination of the synthesized photocatalyst were found to be at 450 °C and 1.5 h, respectively. Photodegradation study of aqueous diisopropanolamine solution (1000 ppm) using the prepared photocatalyst showed a significant COD removal under visible light irradiation. The photocatalyst calcined at optimum parameters gave the highest COD removal of 63%.
Rayleigh Damping in Abaqus/Explicit Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Chen Xiao Ming , Duan Jin , Qi Hu , Li Yun Gui
Published: September 2014

In the nonlinear time-history analysis for high-rise building, different damping models may lead to results with great difference. Limited by the stable time increment, the stiffness proportional damping is usually neglected in Abaqus/Explicit, and only a simplified mass proportional damping is used, which can be derived from the fundamental frequency and the critical damping factor. In this paper, the influence on the results of this method has been researched by numerical examples, the numerical results also show that the stiffness proportional damping cannot be neglected. Based on these comparisons, a more reasonable damping model is presented for improving the results of high frequencies.
Fuzzy Coordinated Control for Multi-Motor Drive System
Authors: Gao De Chao , He Fang
Published: September 2014

The multi-motor drive systems are more and more widely applied. The coordination of multi-motor system is the key need to be solved. A new fuzzy coordinated control strategy is proposed and the fuzzy coordinator is designed. The simulation model is set up using Matlab/Simulink. The result of simulation proves that the fuzzy coordinated control for multi-motor drive system can effectively reduce the synchronization error. The multi-motor drive system which applies the strategy of coordinated control has higher stability and better performance of coordinated control.