bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pinocembrin alleviates renal ischemia–reperfusion injury/unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‐generated renal fibrosis by targeting the CYP1B1/ROS/MAPK axis
Authors: Zhang Bang‐Hua , Chen Hui , Yang Rui , Jiang Zhengyu , Huang Shiyu , Chen Zhiyuan , Liu Cheng , Wang Lei , Liu Xiu‐Heng
Published: January 2025

In our research, we constructed models of renal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)‐exposed acute kidney injury (AKI) and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‐stimulated renal fibrosis (RF) in C57BL/6 mice and HK‐2 cells. We firstly authenticated that oral pinocembrin (PIN) administration obviously mitigated tissue damage and renal dysfunction induced by I/R injury, and PIN attenuated UUO‐caused RF, as confirmed by the reduced expression of fibrotic markers as well as hematoxylin–eosin (H&E), Sirius red, immunohistochemistry, and Masson staining. Meanwhile, the beneficial role of PIN was again demonstrated in HK‐2 cells with hypoxia–reoxygenation (H/R) or transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1) treatment. Importantly, the “ingredient–target–pathway–disease” network was established through bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking, which showed that PIN may target cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and modulate the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway to exert its impact during injury. Furthermore, experiments confirmed that PIN usage remarkably constrained CYP1B1 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, MAPK‐pathway‐associated inflammation, or apoptosis during I/R injury or UUO exposure. PIN also ameliorated the elevated protein phosphorylation of MAPK pathway components [p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1 (JNK ERK and JNK)], which validated the PIN‐induced inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway in renal I/R or UUO injury. Moreover, the AAV9 (adeno‐associated virus 9)‐packed CYP1B1 or pcDNA‐CYP1B1 overexpression plasmid was utilized to treat C57BL/6 mice or HK‐2 cells to overexpress CYP1B1, respectively. Notably, CYP1B1 overexpression considerably abolished PIN's restriction impact on ROS generation and MAPK pathway activation. In conclusion, via bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking, animal model, and cellular experiments, we proved that PIN alleviates renal I/R injury/UUO‐generated renal fibrosis through regulating the CYP1B1/ROS/MAPK axis.
Influence of Laser‐Assisted Cutting on the Surface Integrity and Fatigue Life of FeCoCrNiAl0.6 High‐Entropy Alloy
Authors: Zhang Ping , Lin Zhenyong , Zhang Tengfei , Lan Changyin , Jiang Xiaomin
Published: January 2025

This study explores the application of laser‐assisted cutting (LAC) in FeCoCrNiAl0.6 high‐entropy alloys to address traditional machining challenges and poor surface quality. It systematically analyzes the effects of laser power, scan speed, and spot diameter on surface integrity and fatigue life. Using Abaqus/FE‐SAFE simulations and LAC experiments, differences in surface quality and fatigue cycles under various laser parameters are observed. Results show that increasing the spot radius reduces heat accumulation and center temperature. A 1 mm radius yields a center temperature 5.58 times higher than a 7 mm radius and achieves a residual compressive stress of 412 MPa, which decreases to 198 MPa (51.9% reduction) at 7 mm. Larger laser power increases stress and fatigue life positively, while higher scan speeds reduce stress. Fatigue cycles drop by 82.9% as the spot radius increases from 1 to 7 mm, while 25 W power extends fatigue life 4.26 times compared to 10 W.
Gendering Diplomatic Careers. Distance and Time in International Assignment Practices Among 600 French Diplomats
Authors: Lecler Romain , Goltrant Yann
Published: January 2025

Over the past few decades, diplomatic organizations have recruited increasing numbers of women as career diplomats. However, research in the fields of both expatriation and diplomacy emphasizes that transnational careers have been historically monopolized by men, that most “trailing spouses” are still women, and that men's transnational careers still take precedence in dual‐career couples. Our study uses the “gender turn” in diplomatic studies to better understand how gender disparities continue to structure diplomatic careers, even as more women take on primary roles in expatriation. We focus on international assignment practices that we redefine as “gendered diplomatic practices”. We present an original random sample of 300 male and 300 female French diplomats employed in 2015. We show that men cover 1.5 times more distance than women throughout their careers, and that they travel 1.3 times further for each international assignment. We also show that men spend 14 years abroad on average, 3 years more than women. In addition, women spend 1 year longer in each assignment to avoid frequent relocation. These gendered disparities hold for diplomats who access managerial positions. They underscore the necessity for ongoing research and efforts to address sex disparities in transnational careers and measure the gendering of diplomatic practices.
Subareolar sclerosing ductal hyperplasia shows PI3K pathway alterations
Authors: Boyraz Baris , Robinson Brian , Lindeman Neal , Hoda Syed A , Solomon James P
Published: January 2025

Aims

Subareolar sclerosing ductal hyperplasia (SSDH) is a distinct type of complex sclerosing hyperplastic lesion first described by Rosen in 1987. There have been rare studies investigating SSDH; however, no genetic study has been performed to date.

Methods and results

Seven SSDH cases, diagnosed between 2013 and 2024, were identified. All were subjected to next‐generation sequencing (523 genes). Patient ages ranged from 40 to 74 years (median = 46). All lesions were located in the subareolar region. Each showed the characteristic appearance of the lesion, as described in the seminal study, with usual ductal hyperplasia in a densely sclerotic background imparting an ‘infiltrative’ appearance. None of the cases showed atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma. DNA sequencing identified PI3K pathway alterations in all seven cases: PIK3CA (n = three, one with two alterations), PIK3R1 (n = three) and PIK3C3 (n = one, with concurrent FAT1 mutation).

Conclusion

SSDH shows PI3K pathway alterations similar to those seen in other non‐atypical and atypical proliferative lesions as well as benign and malignant neoplasms of the breast. This finding may explain the rare association of SSDH with atypical hyperplasia, in‐situ and invasive carcinoma.
From South Asia to the United Arab Emirates with hope: The subjective well‐being of blue‐collar migrant workers revisited
Authors: Yang Guang , Badri Masood Abdulla , Yaaqeib Saad Ibrahim , AlRashdi Asma Salem , AlMheiri Mouza Awadh
Published: January 2025

This study examines the relationships between a comprehensive set of variables and subjective well‐being among a representative sample of 2554 male blue‐collar migrant workers in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The results of multilevel modelling show that mental health, sense of safety and security, job satisfaction, housing and living environment, and institutional trust are among the key predictors of the subjective well‐being of blue‐collar migrant workers. Contradictory to the adverse effects of income inequality on well‐being and the shift of frames of reference, evidence indicates that blue‐collar migrant workers in Abu Dhabi engage in limited social comparison and that the structures of work and daily life matter strongly for this group of workers of low socioeconomic status.
Gestational Age at Delivery Is an Independent Predictor of Neonatal Outcome for Maternal HELLP Syndrome
Authors: Shi Yan , Yang Xiaoli , Wang Chengqin , Zhuoga Luosong , Xu Dongmei
Published: January 2025

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome is a severe complication of preeclampsia (PE), with a higher incidence rate in people living at high altitudes, such as Tibet area. Maternal HELLP syndrome is associated with an elevated neonatal mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predicting factors for neonatal outcomes with maternal HELLP syndrome. We collected 49 PE with HELLP cases and stratified them into the Survival Group (n = 28) and Death Group (n = 21) based on the neonatal outcomes. We compared the basic characteristics and laboratory indicators using the Student's t‐test or the Mann–Whitney U test, followed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to detect the independent predicting factors for neonatal outcomes. Subsequently, we performed the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to predict the prognostic power of the variables with a cutoff value. The results indicated that levels of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum creatinine (Scr), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were significantly elevated, while gestational age (GA) at delivery and alkaline phosphatase (AP) level was significantly decreased in the Death Group. The multivariate regression analysis indicated that only GA at delivery was able to predict the neonatal outcome. The cutoff value was 32.6 weeks on the ROC curve, with both 85.7% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity (AUC: 0.927, 95% CI: 0.856–0.998, p < 0.001). Thus, it was concluded that GA at delivery less than 32.6 weeks was an independent predictor of neonatal death for maternal HELLP syndrome.
Prognostic factors and long‐term outcome in dogs diagnosed with primary and secondary immune thrombocytopenia in Ireland
Authors: López‐Bailén E. , Duclos A. , Mullany D. , Le Boedec K. , Cuq B.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to describe the outcome and prognostic factors in dogs diagnosed with primary and secondary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Materials and Methods

Medical records of dogs diagnosed with primary and secondary ITP in a referral hospital in Ireland were retrospectively evaluated. Short‐ and long‐term survivals were analysed using Cox proportional‐hazards regression models.

Results

Medical records from 49 dogs were included. Primary and secondary ITP were diagnosed in 81.25% and 18.75% of dogs, respectively. The survival rate was 69% at 2 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54 to 0.80), 63% at 3 months (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.75) and 51% at 2 years (95% CI: 0.37 to 0.65). The overall median survival time was 985 days (primary ITP only: 1084 days; secondary ITP only: 225 days). Dogs surviving 30 days post‐diagnosis had a median long‐term survival time of 10 years. A lower haematocrit was negatively associated with survival [hazard ratio (HR) 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92 to 0.99]. Neutrophilia (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.96) was associated with a 66% decreased risk of death. Band neutrophilia was associated with shorter hospitalisation (regression coefficient −3.56, 95% CI: −5.70 to ‐1.42). Presence of petechiae and ecchymoses (regression coefficient 2.41, 95% CI: 0.41 to 4.42), and the use of a second‐line immunosuppressive agent (SLI) (regression coefficient 2.11, 95% CI: 0.11 to 4.12) were significantly associated with longer hospitalisation but not with survival.

Clinical Significance

A lower haematocrit was the only variable associated with a worse prognosis in dogs diagnosed with ITP. Dogs with confirmed secondary ITP had an overall shorter median survival time. Dogs surviving over 30 days had an excellent prognosis.
The Folk Concept of Nursing in Australia: A Decolonising Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Mackay Jacinta , Lee‐Tory Jordan , Smith Kylie , Molloy Luke , Clapham Kathleen
Published: January 2025

This article presents a conceptual analysis of the contemporary understanding of NURSING in Australia and proposes strategies for decolonisation. Through historical reflection and the lens of cultural safety and critical race theory, it examines some conditions which make up this concept, including “Florence Nightingale‐influenced practices,” “intellectual practitioners,” and “whiteness in nursing.” This analysis aims to identify conditions which we take to be necessary for the folk concept of NURSING to be satisfied and which result in negative outcomes. The article explores why these conditions are plausibly included in this concept and possible objections to their inclusion. These conditions, and subsequently the concept of NURSING, are then critiqued. In this conceptual analysis of NURSING in Australia, we explore three conditions. By critically examining these conditions through the lens of cultural safety and employing decolonising methodologies, the article sheds light on the complex interplay of historical legacies, contemporary practices and potential negative outcomes within the nursing profession. The conclusions drawn propose a shift toward decolonisation, advocating for a cultural safety framework to address historical injustices and highlights possible ways in which one might amend the concept of nursing to be more inclusive of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The need for this change is emphasised by the acknowledgement of historical conditions that perpetuated racism and hindered equitable healthcare. Ultimately, the article advocates for a comprehensive decolonisation of the concept of NURSING in Australia, urging the nursing profession to implement cultural safety for the overall well‐being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The authors of this article would like to acknowledge the people of the Dharawal and Dharug language group, who are the custodians of the unceded land we have worked on throughout this project. We would also like to acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people nationwide and warn them that some traumatic aspects of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history are mentioned throughout this article. Always was, always will be, Aboriginal land. Two authors on this article identify as Aboriginal, while three do not. Two authors are registered nurses, one is an anthropologist, one is a philosopher and one is a historian.
Pediatric Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum Arising De Novo on the Leg: Characteristics Observed With Reflectance Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Vigil Sasha R. , Yi Avalon N. , Elwood Hillary , Durkin John , Smidt Aimee C.
Published: January 2025

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) is an uncommon but benign glandular neoplasm, known to arise in association with nevus sebaceus, that can present with variance in morphology. The diverse presentation of SCAP creates a diagnostic challenge that often lends reliance on biopsy for confirmation. In children, this can be an invasive, painful, and undesired procedure. This case illustrates the utility of reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of SCAP and highlights characteristic features seen using this diagnostic tool.
Firm‐Level Expectations and Macroeconomic Conditions: Underpinnings and Disagreement
Authors: Reid Monique , Siklos Pierre
Published: January 2025

There is abundant evidence that financial analysts' inflation expectations differ in economically important ways from those of nonfinancial specialists. As a result, there is an increasing demand for firm‐level data to more accurately capture the views of price setters. The unusually rich firm‐level survey data from South Africa allow us to explore some of the ways in which the expectations of firms differ from those of other groups surveyed. We focus specifically on forecast disagreement, which can offer insights into the level of uncertainty reflected in the data and the degree to which expectations are influenced by the policy regime in place. We find that the divergence in inflation forecasts among respondents is partly explained by differences in how respondents believe the broader macroeconomy is evolving. The effect of aggregating the data in different ways is also considered. When we construct a new measure of macroeconomic disagreement that combines all the variables being forecast, we are able to see that forecasters responded sharply in early 2020 as the COVID‐19 pandemic emerged.
Root:shoot ratio of field crops under conventional and conservation tillage: A meta analysis
Authors: Ahmadi Seyed Hamid , Seidel Sabine Julia , Lopez Gina , Kamali Bahareh , Gaiser Thomas , Hadir Sofia , Demie Dereje Tamiru , Andersen Mathias Neumann , Ewert Frank , Ochoa Ixchel Hernandez
Published: January 2025

Conventional tillage (CT) is a widely used agricultural practice aimed at loosening soil to enhance water infiltration and root growth. However, it can lead to environmental issues such as increased soil erosion and loss of nutrients and carbon. To address these challenges, non‐conventional tillage systems like no‐tillage and minimum tillage (collectively referred to as NT) have gained popularity in recent decades. This review examines the effects of CT and NT on the root: shoot ratio (R:S) based on 28 studies covering common crops across various climates and managements. Most studies were primarily on maize, wheat, rapeseed and barley. Meta‐analysis showed non‐significant differences (p = .27) among these crops with respect to their response of R:S to the two tillage practices. Rapeseed and barley exhibited higher R:S in NT by 2% and 15%, while maize and wheat demonstrated higher R:S in CT by 2% and 6%, respectively, although the effects where not significant. In terms of soil texture classes, crops grown in sandy soils had a higher R:S under CT than NT, but no significant differences were found (p = .19). However, significant differences emerged among soil textures, with silty clay, sandy loam and clay loam showing the highest R:S (p < .05) while a cluster of sandy clay loam, clay and loam had lower R:S. Additionally, dicot crops displayed an 8% higher R:S under NT compared with CT, although this was not statistically significant (p = .24). Results indicated no significant differences (p = .22) in R:S between deep (>30 cm) and shallow (<30 cm) root sampling depths. The findings indicate that more field experiments are needed to fully understand the impact of tillage methods on R:S across genotypes, environments and managements.
Sharp maximal function estimates for multilinear pseudo‐differential operators of type (0,0)
Authors: Park Bae Jun , Tomita Naohito
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we study sharp maximal function estimates for multilinear pseudo‐differential operators. Our target is operators of type (0,0) for which a differentiation does not make any decay of the associated symbol. Analogous results for operators of type , , appeared in an earlier work of the authors [17], but a different approach is given for .
Draft genome sequences of eight strains isolated from homemade yogurts and cheeses from Bulgaria
Authors: Shehata Hanan R. , Hassane Basma , Reich Andreas , Zahariev Bojidar Dimitrov
Published: January 2025

Here, we report draft genome sequences of eight strains isolated from naturally processed, homemade dairy foods or human milk in Bulgaria; strains
Lactobacillus gasseri
AM-LG-29,
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
AM-LP-81,
Lactobacillus helveticus
AM-LH-32,
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
subsp.
bulgaricus
AM-LB-13,
Streptococcus thermophilus
AM-ST-89,
Lactobacillus acidophilus
AM-LA-19,
Bifidobacterium longum
AM-BL-55, and
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
AM-LR-51.
Apatite Lu − Hf dating of late Archean banded iron formations
Authors: Lan Zhongwu , Glorie Stijn , Löhr Stefan C. , Wang Ruimin , Shen Bing
Published: January 2025

Precambrian banded iron formations (BIFs) preserve unique records of the oxygenation of Earth’s oceans but have proven challenging to date robustly. U−Pb dating of authigenic phosphate minerals has been attempted but, given the generally low U and high common Pb contents of these minerals and the propensity for Pb mobility during post-depositional hydrothermal and/or metamorphic events, the U−Pb isotope system is not robust in BIF phosphates and largely produces (partial) reset dates. We employ the newly developed in situ apatite laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−reaction cell−mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS/MS) Lu−Hf dating technique to constrain the depositional age of late Archean BIFs in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton that have experienced greenschist-amphibolite facies metamorphism. Petrographic observations combined with major element and trace rare earth element (REE) fingerprinting demonstrate that the targeted apatite grains are of marine authigenic origin. The apatite Lu−Hf inverse isochron age of 2501 ± 28 Ma (MSWD = 2.1; n = 62) is within uncertainty of previously reported zircon U−Pb dates from interbedded volcanic rocks, which we interpret as the primary apatite crystallization age. In contrast, the U−Pb system in apatite records reset dates of ca. 2.1 Ga with large uncertainties. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that precise authigenic apatite 176Lu/176Hf ages can be obtained for Precambrian metamorphic BIFs, providing a new tool to robustly and directly date the timing of BIF deposition, regardless of amphibolite-grade metamorphic overprints.
Supplemental Material: Heterogeneous crustal sources and recycling for silicic magmas in a Neoproterozoic continental arc in the western Yangtze block, South China
Authors: Zhu Yu , al. et
Published: January 2025

Text S1, Figures S1 and S2, and Data S1.
Comparison of Environments of the Last Interglacial and Holocene in the Lofoten Basin (Norwegian Sea)
Authors: Matul A. G. , Novichkova E. A. , Chekhovskaya M. P. , Lozinskaia L. A. , Behera P. , Tiwari M. , Mohan R. , Kravchishina M. D.
Published: January 2025

Based on sedimentological, isotope-geochemical, and micropaleontological parameters of bottom sediments of the AMK-5188 core, differences in the natural environment of the last interglacial of the Late Pleistocene (marine oxygen isotope substage 5e) and the Holocene in the Lofoten Basin of the Norwegian Sea were revealed. The local thermal optimum of the last interglacial was shifted to the second half of substage 5e ~124–115 ka and consisted of two short intervals separated by strong cooling ~122–120 ka. In the Early–Middle Holocene ~10–3 ka, a long stable climate optimum was noted for the main identified parameters, and a short paleotemperature minimum occurred in the Late Holocene ~3–2 ka during the regional Neoglacial cooling.
Outcomes of functional tics in adolescents: a single-centre tertiary study
Authors: Ducroizet Alexandra , Eccles Claire , Lancaster Rebecca , Kowalczyk Aleksandra , Owen Tamsin , Sopena Sara , Malik Osman , Hedderly Tammy
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the prognosis and co-occurring disorders, including functional neurological symptoms, in adolescents diagnosed with functional tic-like behaviour (FTLB).

Design

This was a single-centre tertiary study in the UK. A structured clinical interview was administered to 43 parents or carers of adolescents assessed with FTLB at their previous outpatient clinic appointment. Data collected included demographic variables, co-occurring psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses and additional functional neurological symptoms.

Setting

A tertiary UK paediatric tics and neurodevelopmental movement disorder service.

Patients: adolescents diagnosed with FTLB during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Outcome measures: the primary outcome was whether FTLB had resolved, improved, remained constant or worsened. Secondary outcomes were Children’s Global Assessment Scale scores, impact on school attendance and parent or carer work absence.

Results

Patient demographics support the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome diagnostic criteria for FTLB, with a 100% female sex bias, adolescent onset and high levels of co-occurring disorders. Anxiety disorders were especially common (70%), as were other functional neurological symptoms. While the majority (65%) of parents reported that the young people had resolution or improvement in the severity of FTLB symptoms at follow-up, a significant minority (16%) saw no change and a fifth reported worsening symptoms.

Conclusions

FTLB show high co-occurrence with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, along with other functional neurological symptoms. In this study, the prognosis was poor for a fifth of patients diagnosed with FTLB.
Long-term visual outcomes and side effects of ruthenium plaque brachytherapy in 310 eyes with small choroidal melanoma
Authors: Gallo Beatrice , Hussain Rohan , Al-Jamal Ranaa , Khalid Hagar , Stoker Ian , Hay Gordon , Arora Amit K , Sagoo Mandeep S
Published: January 2025

Background/aims

To report the long-term visual outcomes and side effects in patients with small choroidal melanoma (CM) undergoing ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) plaque brachytherapy.

Methods

Retrospective, interventional, consecutive series of small CM ≤2.5 mm in height and ≤16 mm in largest basal diameter treated with Ru-106 plaque with a median radiation dose of 100 Gy prescribed to tumour apical height.

Results

310 patients (160 men) with a mean (SD) age of 58.4±14.1 years met the study inclusion criteria. The median follow-up was 57.5 (range 3.4–170.5) months. The mean tumour baseline thickness was 1.9±0.4 (range 0.4–2.5) mm. The mean baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.21±0.4 (Snellen equivalent 6/9; range −0.1 to 1.5). Mean final BCVA was ≤0.3 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 6/12) in 161 patients (54.2%), better than 1.0 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 6/60) and <0.3 logMAR in 59 patients (19.9%), and ≥1.0 logMAR in 77 patients (25.9%). Kaplan-Meier estimates of poor final VA (≥1.0 logMAR) were 13.2% at 5 years and 54.5% at 10 years. Early and late complications developed in 20.6% and 42.6% of cases, respectively. Radiation maculopathy was the most frequent late side effect (29% of patients) with Kaplan-Meier rates of 18.2%, 31.7% and 42.1% at 3, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Older age, lipofuscin, proximity to fovea, final tumour elevation and radiation maculopathy predicted visual loss ≥5 Snellen lines.

Conclusion

Despite early and late complications in 20.6% and 42.6% of cases, Ru-106 brachytherapy for small CM allows retention of BCVA ≤0.3 logMAR in half of the eyes.
Long-term follow up from the Harvard Alumni Health Study: collegiate sport participation in males is associated with higher physical activity throughout midlife
Authors: Wasfy Meagan M , Siam Uzair Tahamid , Gustus Sarah K , Boyd Kevin S , Tenforde Adam S , Sesso Howard , Lee I-Min
Published: January 2025

Objective

To compare physical activity (PA) over midlife between (1) former collegiate athletes and non-athletes and (2) among athletes in different sports.

Methods

The Harvard Alumni Health Study (HAHS) is a prospective cohort study of male undergraduates who completed serial questionnaires regarding PA and health status between 1962 and 1993. PA was categorised by intensity (<3 METs, light; 3 to <6 METs, moderate; ≥6 METs, vigorous), and energy expenditure (kilocalories (kcal)/week) was estimated at each intensity and in total. HAHS data were merged with university athletics records. Mixed linear models, adjusted for graduating class, survey date, age and smoking, were compared with PA between relevant groups.

Results

22 201 participants completed 38 448 surveys when 30–65 years old, of which 1533 (6.9%) participants were athletes completing 2733 (7.1%) surveys. The age at the first survey was 46.8±9.7 years. Athletes were more active than non-athletes throughout midlife (p<0.001), from age 35 (total PA: +856.8 [704.6 to 1009.1] kcal/week) to age 65 (+524.2 [359.1 to 689.4] kcal/week). Total PA levels converged with older age, and differences resulted from more vigorous intensity PA in athletes. Multisport collegiate athletes were more active than single sport athletes (+544.6 [196.5 to 892.7] kcal/week, p=0.002). Compared with other athletes, PA in midlife was higher in tennis (+750.1 [223.9 to 1276.2] kcal/week, p=0.005) and basketball (+373.6 [28.7 to 718.5] kcal/week, p=0.03) players.

Conclusion

Collegiate sport participation, particularly participation in multiple sports, is associated with higher midlife PA levels in males. These results underscore the importance of early life sport exposure in supporting health-promoting levels of later life PA.
Antithrombotic resumption after middle meningeal artery embolization or surgery for chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alkhiri Ahmed , Alshaikh Hatoon , Alqahtani Mohammed S , Alqurashi Shatha , Alsharif Manar M , Bukhari Ahmad M , AlWadee Rawan M , Alreshaid Abdulrahman A , Selim Magdy , Alrajhi Eman , Al-Ajlan Fahad S , Alhazzani Adel
Published: January 2025

Background

The periprocedural management of antithrombotic medications in patients with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) after middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) or surgical evacuation is uncertain.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted across Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. We pooled proportions and risk ratios (RRs) for the meta-analysis with the corresponding 95% CIs. Systemic and intracranial (including recurrence) bleeding complications and thromboembolic events were evaluated.

Results

Of the 16 included studies with 4606 patients, 1784 were receiving antithrombotic medications. Antithrombotic therapy was resumed in 1231 patients (69.0%). Bleeding complications were similar between patients in whom antithrombotic therapy was resumed (14.1%, 95% CI 9.7% to 20.2%) and in those in whom it was discontinued (15.4%, 95% CI 7.4% to 29.3%). After MMAE, patients had similar rates of bleeding events (12.1%, 95% CI 4.9% to 27.0%) to patients with overall treated cSDH, and recurrence (RR 2.28, 95% CI 0.46 to 11.37) and reoperation (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.40 to 2.917) risks were similar between the resumed and discontinued groups. Thromboembolic complications were significantly higher in the discontinued group (12.6%, 95% CI 6.5% to 23.0%) than in the resumption group (3.5%, 95% CI 1.8% to 6.9%). Earlier resumption (1 week to 1 month) was associated with a lower thromboembolic risk without increasing bleeding complications.

Conclusions

Post-procedural antithrombotic resumption may reduce thromboembolic events without significantly increasing bleeding risk. Early resumption of antithrombotics post-MMAE appears to be safe, although further data are required to confirm this observation. Future studies should aim to better define patient characteristics influencing decision-making in this context.
Scabies increasing incidence in Bologna from 2013 to 2024: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Zengarini Corrado , Mussi Martina , La Placa Michelangelo , Pileri Alessandro , Virdi Anna Lucia , Chessa Marco , Bardazzi Federico , Gurioli Carlotta , Starace Michela , Gaspari Valeria , Misciali Cosimo , Cassalia Fortunato , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Neri Iria
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Scabies infestation, caused by theSarcoptes scabieimite, has recently emerged as a public health concern in Western nations, with increased incidence worldwide. In Bologna, Italy, local health authorities report a rise in scabies diagnoses, although detailed data are limited. This study aimed to analyse the temporal trends of scabies cases diagnosed at S. Orsola Hospital’s Dermatological Emergency Department, focusing on significant changes in incidence and seasonal variation over time.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from October 2013 to September 2024, extracted from hospital records using ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) codes. Variables included monthly case counts, discharge date, patient age and nationality. All pruritic cases from the emergency department were evaluated in the dermatology unit, with diagnosis confirmed via dermoscopic or microscopic examination. Only first visits were included, excluding follow-up visits or post-therapy controls to avoid duplication. Monthly cases were aggregated to identify annual and seasonal trends. χ2tests assessed nationality distribution differences, and linear regression analysed annual trends. Seasonal variation was evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

A total of 1192 cases were diagnosed. The nationality distribution remained stable, with no significant differences between Italian-born and other nationalities. A significant upward trend in incidence was observed in recent years, with seasonal variation showing higher case counts in February, March and April, and the lowest in July and August.

Conclusions

The increase in scabies cases in recent years and distinct seasonal peaks suggests that environmental and social factors may contribute to transmission in Bologna. Without demographic changes and known drug resistance, factors such as the rise in tourism and suboptimal accommodation conditions may play a role in transmission. Enhanced public health monitoring, awareness and targeted interventions are recommended to manage this trend effectively.
Generative AI in a new era of computer model-informed tobacco research: a short report
Authors: Vassey Julia , Kennedy Chris J , Chang Ho-Chun Herbert , Unger Jennifer B
Published: January 2025

Background

Social media influencers who promote e-cigarettes on Instagram or TikTok for tobacco brands use marketing tactics to increase the appeal of their promotional content, for example, depicting e-cigarettes alongside healthy lifestyle or entertainment imagery that could decrease youths’ risk perceptions of e-cigarettes. Monitoring the prevalence of such content on social media using computer vision and generative AI (artificial intelligence) can provide valuable data for tobacco regulatory science (TRS).

Methods

We selected 102 Instagram and TikTok videos posted by micro-influencers in 2021–2024 who promoted e-cigarettes alongside posts featuring four themes: cannabis, entertainment, fashion or healthy lifestyle. We used OpenAI’s GPT-4o multimodal large-scale visual linguistic model to detect the presence of nicotine vaping, cannabis vaping, fashion, entertainment and healthy lifestyle. The model did not require any additional training and improved its performance as we modified the text prompt.

Results

The model’s accuracy was 87% for nicotine vaping, 96% for cannabis vaping, 99% for fashion, 96% for entertainment and 98% for healthy lifestyle.

Conclusions

Generative AI can achieve accurate object detection with zero-shot learning (no additional training of the pretrained model). This model can be applied to big data-scale sample sizes of images and videos to detect e-cigarette-related and other substance-related promotional content and contexts (eg, healthy lifestyle) used for the promotion of these products on social media, providing valuable data for TRS.
A novel mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis: twice-repeated oropharyngeal bleomycin administration mimicking human pathology
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Zhu Fengqing , Liu Yuxuan , Luo Renru , Fan Zixuan , Dai Wanqin , Wei Shuquan , Lin Chuwen
Published: January 2025

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible lung disease with high mortality and limited treatment options. While single-dose bleomycin-induced models are commonly used to investigate the pathogenesis of IPF, they fail to adequately replicate the complex pathological features in human patients, thereby hindering comprehensive investigations. Previous studies utilizing repetitive bleomycin injections have demonstrated a closer resemblance to human IPF pathology; however, the time- and resource-intensive nature of this approach presents significant drawbacks. Here, we propose a novel methodology involving twice-repeated oropharyngeal administration of bleomycin in mice, which closely mirrors the pathological manifestations observed in IPF patients. This model exhibited the honeycomb-like cyst formation, fibroblastic foci, bronchiolization of alveolar epithelium, emergence of metaplastic alveolar KRT5+ basal cells, and sustainability of these fibrotic phenotypes, thereby providing a robust model for IPF. Our findings establish a more efficient and translatable preclinical platform for investigating IPF pathogenesis and exploring potential therapeutic strategies.
Zircon U-Pb Ages of the Chiapas Amber-Lagerstätte in the Uppermost Simojovel Formation, Southeastern Mexico
Authors: Riquelme Francisco , Ortega-Flores Berlaine , Estrada-Ruiz Emilio , Córdova-Tabares Víctor
Published: January 2025

The Chiapas Amber-Lagerstätte is a fossil preservation site in southern Mexico, consisting of three central localities: Simojovel, Totolapa, and Estrella de Belén. It is a repository that preserves a diverse range of estuarine-associated biota. These include but are not limited to arboreal, aerial, land-dwelling, soil-based, amphibiotic, aquatic, and microbial organisms. The age and stratigraphy of the amber-bearing beds near Simojovel have been interpreted differently. The amber outcrops were initially considered part of the late Oligocene to Early Miocene La Quinta Formation. Further studies identified several outcrops as part of the Early Miocene Mazantic Shale and the Middle Miocene Balumtum Sandstone. We present the zircon U-Pb dating results conducted on the amber-bearing beds in the uppermost section of the Simojovel Formation. The data indicate a maximum depositional age of 24 ± 1 Ma, corresponding to the uppermost late Oligocene. A limited section of the amber deposit in Totolapa is likely contemporary with the lowermost Early Miocene, ca. 20 Ma. Hence, the amber biota is constrained to the uppermost late Oligocene and the lowermost Early Miocene (ca. 24-20 Ma). Our data also suggest that the sedimentary environment of the upper strata oscillates from estuary to shallow shelf. It is characterized by low-energy zones with a constant influx of terrigenous sediments consisting of siltstone and fine-grained sandstone, with gastropods, bivalves, coral fragments, trace fossils, plant remains, lignite, and amber.
Constraining the age and depositional framework of the late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic Muskwa Assemblage, northern British Columbia.
Authors: Long Darrel G.F. , Pratt Brian R.
Published: January 2025

The Muskwa Assemblage is one of several Proterozoic successions that developed as part of an extensive passive margin succession along the present-day western margin of Laurentia between 1.74 and 1.45 Ga in a back-arc setting facing Bonnetia and northeastern Australia. The >7 km of exposed strata have an almost identical detrital zircon age distribution to that of the Athabasca Basin. The maximum depositional age of 1.766 ± 0.014 Ga is based on a zircon from the Tuchodi Formation. The upper age is constrained by crosscutting 0.777.3 ± 0.003 Ga Gunbarrel dikes. Direct U/Pb dating of mudstone indicates deposition of the Aida Formation at around 1.571 ± 0.02 Ga, roughly overlapping with sedimentation of the Douglas Formation in the Athabasca Basin. Strata of the Chischa Formation at the base of the assemblage include carbonate, sandstone and minor mudstone deposited largely above storm wave base in an inner- to mid-shelf setting. The low-angle unconformity at the base of the Tetsa Formation indicates minor tectonic flexure. The carbonaceous mudstone and minor sandstone in the Tetsa Formation were deposited in a distal ramp setting, prior to progradation of shallow-water carbonate of the George Formation. Mixed dolostone, sandstone and mudstone in the overlying Henry Creek Formation indicate renewed deepening on the ramp. Sandstone and minor mudstone in the overlying Tuchodi Formation were deposited on a wave-, storm- and tide-influenced shelf. Mudstone and minor carbonate in the overlying Aida and Gataga formations accumulated in progressively deeper water on the outer-shelf and slope.
Long-term cropping system effects on soil organic matter fractions and enzyme activities in a cool oceanic climate
Authors: Thomas Ben W. , Bainard Luke , Bittman Shabtai , Abram Katrina , Stoeckli Jessica L. , Jayasinghege Charitha , Hunt D. E.
Published: January 2025

Information about soil organic matter fraction and enzyme activity responses to agricultural management may help guide decisions that sustain crop productivity and soil health. We measured carbon and nitrogen in bulk soil, mineral-associated organic matter, particulate organic matter, water-extractable organic matter, and the potential activity of β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminadase, acid phosphomonoesterase and arylsulfatase in three cropping systems after: 1) 21-years of conventional- or no-tillage silage corn monoculture (0-20-cm); and 2) six years of nitrogen fertilization with or without nitrification inhibitors and 3) nine years of 100 or 200% the recommended broadcast or fertigation nitrogen rate in two distinct mature highbush blueberry systems (0-15-cm). Soil organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, water-extractable nitrogen and arylsulfatase activity were 17%, 38%, 50%, 25% and 68% greater, respectively, with no-tillage than conventional tillage. Particulate organic carbon accumulated with two decades of no-tillage, which increased soil organic carbon without altering mineral-associated organic carbon. Nitrification inhibitors did not impact any soil organic matter fraction or enzyme activity after six years in a mature highbush blueberry system. Broadcasted nitrogen led to higher soil organic carbon than fertigation, but excessive application (200% vs 100% rate) depleted soil organic carbon, accumulated reactive nitrogen and reduced potential activity of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminadase, acid phosphomonoesterase and arylsulfatase after nine years in a mature highbush blueberry system. Excessive nitrogen may deplete organic carbon and cause reactive nitrogen accumulation in soil of mature highbush blueberry systems. Intensive agricultural management has trade-offs for carbon and nitrogen cycling that should be balanced with sustainable crop production.
Proton internal pressure from deeply virtual Compton scattering on collider kinematics
Authors: Dutrieux H. , Meisgny T. , Mezrag C. , Moutarde H.
Published: January 2025

The unique experimental connection to the QCD energy–momentum tensor offered by generalised parton distributions has been strongly highlighted in the past few years with attempts to extract the pressure and shear forces distributions within the nucleon. If, in principle, this can be performed in a model independent way from experimental data, in practice, the current limited precision and kinematic coverage make such an extraction very challenging. Moreover, the limitation to a leading-order description in the strong coupling of the data has provided only an indirect and weakly sensitive access to gluon degrees of freedom, solely through their mixing to quarks via evolution. In this paper we address this issue by providing a next-to-leading order formalism allowing a reanalysis of global fits with genuine gluonic degrees of freedom. In addition, we provide an estimate of the reduction in uncertainty that could stem from the extended kinematic range relevant for the future Electron Ion Collider. Finally, we stress the connection between the analysis of the dispersion relation in terms of generalised parton distributions and the deconvolution problem.
Weak decays of triply heavy baryons
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Xing , Zhang Fu-Wei , Yang Qi
Published: January 2025

In this work, we investigate the weak decays of ground-state triply heavy baryons. We first obtain the form factors using the light-front quark model in the three-quark picture, and then apply them to arrive at some phenomenological predictions, including the decay widths of semileptonic decays and nonleptonic decays. Our results are expected to be helpful for the experimental search for triply heavy baryons.
Measurement of the nonlinear diffusion of the proton beam halo at the CERN LHC
Authors: Montanari C. E. , Appleby R. B. , Bazzani A. , Giovannozzi M. , Hermes P. , Poyet A. , Redaelli S. , Sterbini G.
Published: January 2025

In circular particle accelerators, storage rings, or colliders, mitigating beam losses is critical to ensuring optimal performance, particularly for rings that include superconducting magnets. A thorough understanding of beam halo dynamics is essential for this purpose. This paper presents recent results for the measurement of the nonlinear diffusion process of the beam halo at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The novel approach used in this paper is based on the analytical framework of the Nekhoroshev theorem, which provides a functional form for the diffusion coefficient. By monitoring the beam loss signal during controlled movements of the collimator jaws, we determine the beam losses at equilibrium for various amplitudes and analyse the beam halo distribution. Postprocessing of these measurements provides the nonlinear diffusion coefficient, which is found to be in excellent agreement with the theoretical assumptions. Measurements from an experiment investigating the effectiveness of beam-beam compensation using beam-beam compensation wires also provide a direct assessment of the compensation’s effectiveness on beam-tail diffusion.
Is Software Carbon-Efficiency a Form of Greenwashing?
Authors: Hussain Asim
Published: January 2025

This article explores the nuanced relationship between software carbonefficiency and greenwashing. While carbon-efficiency aims to extract maximum value from every gram of carbon emitted by software, critics argue that it is a form of greenwashing, as it may not lead to an overall reduction in carbon emissions. It discusses the potential trade-offs and unintended consequences of emphasizing efficiency without considering the broader impact on total emissions. It also addresses the rebound effect, where increased efficiency can lead to increased consumption, potentially negating the benefits of efficiency improvements. The article discusses when efficiency is a good signal to drive behavior change, how through efficiency measures we can determine which growth is ''good growth'' and the need for increased standardization and transparency to avoid claims of greenwashing.
Stability Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams via Multifidelity Surrogate Models
Authors: Filho Rodrigo José de Almeida Torres , Segura Rocio L. , Paultre Patrick
Published: January 2025

When many repetitions of an expensive or time‐consuming analysis are needed, simplified models are usually adopted to reduce the cost. This is often the case with gravity dams under seismic load, especially if geometry variation needs to be considered. Deterministic analysis of dams is an important part of preliminary analyses but generally leads to overconservative designs. In recent years, many researchers have studied the potential of machine learning techniques to reduce the computational burden of dam assessment. However, generating the training dataset for a surrogate model based on high‐fidelity (HF) data can be expensive when a large set of uncertain parameters is considered. To address this issue, this study proposes the use of multifidelity surrogate (MFS) models. In this method, datasets with different levels of fidelity are combined to generate a highly accurate surrogate model at a lower cost. To illustrate this, the seismic behavior of a gravity dam is assessed by means of a HF nonlinear finite element model that considers geometric, material, and seismic uncertainties. In addition, five lower fidelity (LF) models are combined with HF samples to generate multifidelity models. The goodness of fit of the models and the computational time to produce the dataset are used to identify the combination that optimizes the MFS model performance. The results show that including medium‐ or low‐fidelity samples improves the predictive performance of a surrogate model and reduces its computational burden. The results also show that the data generation and the selection of the best LF model depend on the size of the HF dataset.