bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventive medicine and mastitis
Authors: Blood Douglas C.
Published: March 2023

The following preventive measures for controlling bovine mastitis are discussed: teat dipping after milking; dry period treatment; maintenance of the milking machine; backflushing of teatcups; and culling infected cows. The role of the veterinarian in mastitis control is also outlined. Finally, the author summarizes results of the mastitis control programme carried out on the herds at the University of Melbourne. Tabulated data illustrate the quarter infection rate at drying-off in 7 herds over 6 yr. It has been estimated that there can be a net gain of $13.9/cow for a 20% reduction in quarter infection rate. Implications of these results are discussed.

Paper presented to the AABP 6th Annual Convention, Fort Worth, Texas, December 1973.
Survey of poisonings commonly observed by the bovine practitioner
Authors: Oehme Frederick W.
Published: March 2023

The poisons discussed include heavy metals, agricultural chemicals, dietary chemicals, environmental chemicals, naturally occurring toxins, petroleum products, and drugs and other therapeutic agents.

This paper previously appeared in the March and April 1974 issues of DVM Newsmagazine (Volume 6) and is reprinted with the publisher’s permission
Some considerations regarding drug therapy in ruminant animals
Authors: Davis Lloyd E. , Jenkins William L.
Published: March 2023

The pharmacokinetics of some of the important drugs are discussed and reviewed. The drugs included are salicylates, phenol, chloramphenicol, quinidine, amphetamine, pentobarbital, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and tetraethylammonium. Comparison is made of kinetic parameters of these in the dog and goat.
Technical aspects of determining over-age in beef cattle
Authors: Cropsey L. Mac
Published: March 2023

In most textbooks in regards to determining the age of a bovine animal, there is a wide variation in the tooth eruption schedule in relation to age. After many years of experience in examining the teeth of young beef cattle by the author in collaboration with other veterinarians* who have spent considerable time and effort in determining age, it is their consensus of opinion that stress from nutrition, environment, or disease cause 97% of the variation of eruption and growth of young beef cattle teeth. If conditions of (1) no stress from nutritional deficiencies, (2 ) optimum weather conditions, and (3) freedom from all disease and illness are available, the maximum normal development of teeth is very uniform and can be utilized as a standard for determining “over-age” of beef cattle in the show ring with a high degree of accuracy under thirty-eight months of age.
Convention of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (7th : 1974). Program
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Pre-conference information for the 7th Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners.  December 8-11, 1974.  Columbus, Ohio.
Anaplasmosis
Authors: Richey E. J. , Brock W. E. , Kliewer I. O. , Jones E. W.
Published: March 2023

In order to properly evaluate an anaplasmosis outbreak and to determine an approach to modify the disease pattern, one must have a simple knowledge of the pathogenesis of anaplasmosis.  We will not discuss the specific symptoms of the disease but rather present a description of the stages of the disease encountered, methods of differentiating the stages, options available for treatment during an acute outbreak, and preventative measures prior to the vector season.
Bloat in New Zealand cattle
Authors: Reid C. S. W.
Published: March 2023

The prevalence, prophylaxis and treatment of bloat in New Zealand cattle are discussed and reviewed.
Treatment and control of mastitis
Authors: Harris Robert J.
Published: March 2023

A summary of 72 questionnaires from the USA and Canada indicated that the tetracyclines at 5 g/cow are the most commonly used drugs in the systemic treatment of acute and chronic mastitis. In acute mastitis, penicillin (1-5 million U) plus streptomycin or neomycin (0.5-1 g) were favoured for prescription preparations. Of commercial udder preparations used, ampicillin or neomycin were most popular. The most recommended prescription for dry cow treatment was 1 million U penicillin + 0.5 g streptomycin or neomycin, with 40 ml furacin liquid as base. Most dairymen are using Bovidine or Chlorhexidine for teat dipping. 43% of 65 thought that oxytocin is very important in mastitis treatment.
Effect of feeding low levels of chlortetracycline for extended periods on the carrier state of anaplasmosis
Authors: Richey E. J. , Brock W. E. , Kliewer I. O. , Jone E. W.
Published: March 2023

Anaplasma marginale carrier infection was eliminated from 10 cattle in the USA by oral chlortetracycline at 0.5 mg/lb body-weight daily for 120 days. The complement fixation test was negative in all the treated animals 180 days after treatment ended and infection was not transmitted by subinoculation into susceptible animals 28 and 180 days later. 180 days after treatment, the treated animals were highly resistant to challenge with an infective dose of A. marginale carrier blood.
Preventive Medicine in Cattle Production
Authors: Andrews A. H.
Published: March 2023

This report was prepared by Mr. A. H. Andrews, B.Vet.Med., M.R.C.V.S., Honorary Secretary of BCVA, following the Preventive Medicine Symposium which was held at Sutton Bonnington, England, on April 13-15, 1977. The report was also published in the newspaper Veterinary Practice and is reprinted here accordingly by permission of the author.
Integrated approach to improvement of diary cattle production
Authors: Alexander G. I.
Published: March 2023

A proposal is presented for integration of dairy cattle breeding management and herd health services for dairy farmers into a single computer-based data base because both husbandry and health have many common elements making integration of services desirable for efficient use of computers. Dairy herd management and hard health srvices depend on a rapid turn-round of information to the farmer and his professional advisers necessitating use of regional mini-computers which are linked to a central computer for genetic analysis. Standard computer programs are recommended to facilitate interchange of information and assembly for genetic analysis.  The scheme would be under the overall direction of a central committee assisted by a secretariat comprising appropriate technical specialists and support staff.  At the state level, regional management would operate through small state liaison committees. An adequate dialogue with industry will be ensured through state advisory committees.
Planned animal health and production service (PAHAPS) in New Zealand dairy herds
Authors: Moller K.
Published: March 2023

New Zealand dairy farming is a low cost grassland operation. It is based primarily on a seasonal system of management whereby the calving pattern of the herd is concentrated so that maximum milk production coincides with the greatest pasture production for grazing. While techniques for planned animal health and production systems had been developed in other countries, modifications were likely to be required if they were to be applied to this production system.  A feasibility study was carried out on a group of 18 Waikato seasonal supply dairy farms; the results of this study are presented in this paper.
Prevalence of trichomoniasis in Oklahoma beef bulls
Authors: Wilson Steven K. , Kocan A. Alan , Gaudy Elizabeth T. , Goodwin Dan
Published: March 2023

Between November 1977 and June 1978, 280 beef bulls for sale at an auction in central Oklahoma, USA, were examined for Tritrichomonas foetus infection by a swab culture technique. Over-all 7.8% were infected, including 7.8, 11.6 and 14.6% of 4-, 5- and 6-year-olds, respectively. The prevalence in Brahmans was 14.6%, in Angus 10.3% and in Hereford bulls 5.6%. It is estimated that in Oklahoma bovine trichomoniasis, by reducing the calving rate, causes an annual economic loss of $5 million; this becomes $7 million if estimates of related production costs are included.
Epidemiology of endemic bovine viral infections
Authors: Kahrs R. F.
Published: March 2023

Epidemiology unravels the mechanisms of disease distribution in populations and relates them to disease control strategies. There are concepts of viral epidemiology which impact on the diagnosis and handling of outbreaks, vaccination decisions, and discussions of control of bovine viral diseases.

Consideration of the epidemiology of bovine viral diseases requires a temporary shift in thinking to allow control considerations to overshadow individual treatment. Control emphasis is necessary because few viral chemotherapeutic agents are available and because viral infections are acute and subtle, so effective individual treatment (if available) would likely be too late. In addition, the economic impact of viral infections frequently follows inapparent primary infection and is not observed until after the viral infection has subsided.
Economic impact and control of parasitism in dairy cattle
Authors: Baker N. F.
Published: March 2023

After consideration of the species and groups of parasites (gastrointestinal nematodes, Dictyocaulus viviparus, Fasciola hepatica, coccidia) affecting dairy cattle, a detailed critical review is given of work on subclinical parasitism in lactating cows, in particular the effect on milk production and the economic benefits that can accrue from anthelmintic treatment. Special reference is made to work done in the USA. Finally, brief comments are made on diagnosis and control.
Induction of parturition in the dairy cow using prostaglandin F2α
Authors: Sachs M. , Bar A. , Hurwitz S. , Mayer E.
Published: March 2023

All three products induced parturition effeciently at the same average interval post-injection; but the efficancy of Flumethasone depended on the presence of a live calf and the incidence of retained placenta is double that of the prostaglandin group. Furthermore previous experience with this product showed that the injection had to be repeated after 48 hours in a small number of animals before parturition took place.
Association of Bovine Practitioners 13th Annual Conference
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Description program for the 13th Annual Convention American Association of Bovine Practitioners (1980) and information about officers, district news, events, awards, and other news.
Field investigation of the effect of 5 mg PGF2α given intravenously to cycling beef cows and heifers
Authors: Ott R. S. , Lock T. L. , Brodie B. O. , Memon M. A. , Mansfield M. E.
Published: March 2023

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) has been proven to be an effective luteolytic agent in cattle when administered after day 5 of the cycle. While the recommended dose of PGF2α in cattle has been established as 25 mg IM, there have been field reports that a dose as low as 5 mg PGF2α IV was effective in obtaining luteolysis. It has been documented that 5 mg PGF2α IM was luteolytic in hysterectomized heifers and a dose of .5 mg PGF2α IV has caused estrus and evacuation of purulent material in cows with pyometra.

The purpose of this field trial was to determine the efficacy of 5 mg PGF2α IV in causing luteolysis and estrus in a group of cycling beef cows.
Coliform mastitis enigma
Authors: Jasper D. E.
Published: March 2023

Milking equipment has long been implicated in mastitis, and its role in causing or avoiding mastitis and teat lesions will be discussed by Drs. Thompson, Sagie, Hamann and Sieber. The very interesting report of Heckman and Noorlander show by electron microscopy that minute imperfections in the surface of inflations may harbor coliform and other bacteria. When to this list of contributors we add those of Drs. van den Heever and Saran we can really look with optimism toward new understanding and new knowledge of technology to reduce mastitis problems of all kinds.

Several reports have suggested that bedding coliform populations are an important factor predisposing to coliform mastitis.

With this background I wish to discuss observations, materials and methods made by Dr. E. J. Carroll and myself on several dairies typical of our area of California and which we have reported to the National Mastitis Council.
Concentrations and residues of gentamicin in the milk of dairy cows after intramammary infusion
Authors: Ziv G.
Published: March 2023

Between 50 and 500 mg gentamicin base was infused into certain quarters of 29 cows free from mastitis. Mastitis was induced in two quarters of each of six cows by infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin, and gentamicin was infused 12 and 36 hours afterwards. Milk concentrations of the antibiotic of 2 mu g/ml or more were maintained for 3-4 milkings providing at least 100 mg was infused. After treatment of inflamed quarters, the antibiotic persisted in milk for 8 milkings after 250 mg and 9 milkings after 500 mg.
Mastitis prevention by selection of sires
Authors: Grootenhuis G.
Published: March 2023

The investigation results mentioned led to the hypothesis: "Higher milk cell counts in the 1st lactation daughter groups indicate a higher susceptibility to mastitis and subsequently a higher mastitis prevalence with increasing age". The validity of this hypothesis has been investigated in the presented study by a simple scheme.

Older sires were selected for this purpose in order to establish the (different) predicting cell counts in their 1st lactation daughters - and - to examine quarter samples from respective older age groups for the prevalence of mastitis.
Clinical observations in rectovaginal constriction in Jersey cattle
Authors: Leipold H. W. , Watt B. , Vestweber J. G. E. , Dennis S. M.
Published: March 2023

Most genetic defects in cattle are easily diagnosed in neonates; however, some are not detected until later when the animal is examined or clinical problems such as infertility or dystocia occur. Clinical experience with such a defect in Jersey cattle—constriction of the anus and vulvovestibular area, rectovaginal constriction (RVC)—is reported here.
Effect of natural breeding of heifers to a bluetongue virus carrier bull
Authors: Leudke A. J. , Walton T. E.
Published: March 2023

Fourteen nulliparous heifers were impregnated over a period of one year by a bluetongue virus carrier bull known to shed bluetongue virus in his semen. All 14 heifers became viremic, but no readily apparent clinical sig s of bluetongue disease were seen. Two heifers did not conceive after inital insemination and were rebred twice before they were impregnated. One heifer aborted between 55 and 62 days after conception and was subsequently anestric for 300 days. This heifer was the only one of the 14 heifers to develop precipitating antibody to bluetongue virus, first detectable at 100 days after insemination. Thirteen of the 14 heifers calved after gestation periods ranging from 281 to 297 days (median = 288 days)/ Twelve calves were born alive and all exhibited varying degrees of congenital anomalies including excessive gingival tissue, crooked legs, macula on the skin of their noses and tilted jaws. Five calves were characterized as weak and ataxic at birth. One calf was dead at parturition and had to be removed by caecarean section. All live calves were viremic at birth.
British Cattle Veterinary Association Annual Congress
Authors: Andrews A. H.
Published: March 2023

Report from the British Cattle Veterinary Association Congress,
Bovine uterine torsion
Authors: Manning Jane , Marsh Patty , Marshall Frank , McCorkell Rob , Muzyka Barb , Nagel Dennis
Published: March 2023

Of 3692 cases of dystocia treated between 1968 and 1981, 131 involved uterine torsion. In 81 cases provided with detailed notes, torsion was anticlockwise in 59. Rotation was recorded in 54 cases. Of these 33 (61%) were 90-180 deg . When duration of labour was recorded, 63% were between 8 and 12 h, 21% were over 12 h. Cervical dilation was noted in 32 of 39 cases before and/or after treatment. There was no correlation with age in this study. Overall calf mortality was about 50%. Most common breeds in 107 cases were Holstein Friesian 71.5%, Hereford 11.2% and Charolais 10.2%. Methods of treatment are illustrated and discussed.
Report on a food animal case
Authors: Olson M. R.
Published: March 2023

The cow was presented to KSU Department of Food Animal Medical, anorectic, having a brownish colored diarrhea and depressed for the last two days. She calved last night (Aug. 26) at midnight and has a mild degree of mastitis in her right rear quarter which she has had in two previous lactations (increased thickening of tissue). The newborn calf is healthy and doing fine. She is one of the highest producing cows at the dairy barn.
Field study of the effects of zeranol, implanted at the time of breeding, on weight gain and pregnancy rate of beef heifers
Authors: Ott R. S. , Bretzlaff K. N. , Cmarik G. F.
Published: March 2023

Zeranol implants (Ralgro) were given to yearling heifers at the time of breeding to determine the effects of implanting on weight gain and pregnancy rate. Sixty 14 ½ month-old crossbred heifers were randomly divided into an implanted group which received 36 mg zeronol one day before exposure to bulls and a control group which was not implanted. Four yearling Angus bulls were used to service the heifers for a 60-day breeding period. Two bulls were assigned to each of two pastures containing 15 implanted and 15 control heifers. All heifers were weighed and slaughtered 120 days later and reproductive tracts were examined. Average weight of heifers (± SD) at time of implanting and at slaughter was 259 ± 28.8 kg and 378 ± 47.8 kg and 251 ± 26.8 kg and 371 ± 41.3 kg for the implanted and control heifers, respectively. Average weight gain was 119 kg for the implanted heifers and 12 kg for the controls.Fifteen heifers in the implanted group and 15 heifers in the control group were pregnant. Implanting heifers with zeranol prior to the breeding season did not increase weight gain and pregnancy rate was the same for each group.
Ornamental plants potentially hazardous to cattle
Authors: Burrows G. E. , Tyrl R. J.
Published: March 2023

A brief, general account of the toxicity of yew trees (Taxus spp.), heaths (Kalmia, Rhododendron, Pieris), Nerium oleander, cyanogenic plants (Nandina domestica, Photinia spp., Prunus laurocerasis), Gelsemium spp., Lantana camara, Ricinus communis and privets (Ligustrum spp.).
In the news
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Officers, district news, events, awards, and other news.
Salt deficiency, iodine toxicity and when you say "It must be the feed" you may have to say it in court
Authors: Olson William G.
Published: March 2023

We have encountered several herd complaints which have had salt deficiency as the primary cause of production decline or loss.
Bovine leukemia virus transmission by dehorning in dairy heifers
Authors: Darlington Robert L. , Digiacomo Ronald F. , Evermann James F.
Published: March 2023

In a commercial dairy, heifers dehorned by the Barnes gouge method without rinsing in disinfectant solution and not cauterizing had significantly more heifers (50%) developing antibodies to BLV, as measured by agar-gel immunodiffusion, three months after dehorning than calves not dehorned (14%). With the demonstration of this mode of transmission of BLV in the herd, the practice of gouge dehorning was discontinued and electrical dehorning at 6 to 12 weeks of age instituted. The entire herd is presently being bled at 6-month intervals to determine whether BLV infection will be delayed in time or eliminated.
Reproductive performance records
Authors: Moore Arthur V.
Published: March 2023

Veterinary consultation will involve several factors. Foremost is understanding the objectives of the producer. Veterinary medicine and health of course are important, but additional emphasis should be placed on nutrition, genetics, and management. Besides knowing the objectives of the producer, consultation will require a thorough knowledge of the total farming operation so cattle work can be properly scheduled. It is also important to know the personnel involved. Often times, changes are more easily made and new ideas utilized when implemented by the people more directly involved with the livestock operation.
Acute lead poisoning in beef cattle
Authors: Wilson Terry M. , Ring William , Roof James
Published: March 2023

Lead Poisoning in cattle is possibly one of the most commonly diagnosed intoxications. Lead toxicosis in cattle may present as a neurological or intestinal syndrome and may be subacute, acute, or chronic. Sources of lead are variable and include oils, paints, lead batteries, and lead shot. Frequently the source of lead is undetermined.

In this unique report, we describe an acute outbreak of lead poisoning (ALP) in cattle which was traced to a discarded tractor battery. In addition, insurance liability claims are discussed and presented.
Experimental exposure of feedlot cattle to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
Authors: Morter R. L. , Amstutz H. E. , Crandell R. A.
Published: March 2023

An axiom of infectious disease research states that significant numbers of animals with typical clinical disease must be observed to provide data for analysis. The morbidity rate of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot cattle is frequently great enough to provide adequate data. In 2 successive years, the low incidence of respiratory disease in feedlot cattle at the Veterinary Medical Research Farm precluded analysis of the data. An alternative to the chance occurrence of spontaneous disease was experimental induction of BRD. Of the etiological trial of BRD, stress, virus and bacteria, a virus component appeared to provide the most potential for a controllable system. Exposure of cattle to pasteurella has given unpredictable results. A BRD inducing level of stress would be very difficut to simulate in large numbers of cattle. Aerosol exposure of calves to bovine herpesvirus-1 and 4 days later to Pasteurella hemolytica has been reported to consistently produce fibrinous pneumonia. The relationship of this experimentally induced disease to “shipping fever” is not clearly understood.1 Although this model is useful for experiments designed with small numbers of calves, it did not fit the needs for a larger scale controlled clinical trial. Therefore, we elected to expose newly arrived cattle to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) in an attempt to initiate BRD. This report presents the results of trials, conducted on each of 4 consecutive years.
Effect of Abraded Intramammary Device (IMD) on Milk Somatic Cell Count and Intramammary Infection
Authors: Ziv G. , Paape M. J.
Published: March 2023

Paper presented at the 13th World Congress on Diseases of Cattle, Durban, South Africa, Sept. 17-21, 1984.
Practical Aspects of General Anaesthesia in Cattle
Authors: Weaver A. David
Published: March 2023

Paper presented at the Xlllth World Congress on Cattle Diseases, Durban, S. Africa, Sept. 17-21, 1984.
Production of Transit Fever with Isolates of Pasteurella Haemolytica A1
Authors: Wiseman A. , Allen E. M. , Gibbs H. A. , Selman E. I.
Published: March 2023

Paper presented at the Xlllth World Congress on Cattle Diseases, Durban, S. Africa, Sept. 17-21, 1984.
Cloprostenol and Dinoprost Tromethamine in Experimental and Field Trials Treating Unobserved Estrus in Dairy Cows
Authors: Seguin Brad , Momont Harry , Baumann Larry
Published: March 2023

There was little difference in the luteolytic activity of cloprostenol (0.5 mg) and dinoprost tromethamine (25 mg) when tested in controlled experimental conditions (65 cows) and in a field trial (245 cows). However, the experimental cows showed a better oestrus response (92.7% against 65.7%) and better pregnancy rate (55.1% against 33.5%) within 6 days of treatment than the cows in the field trial. Palpation accuracy and stage of dioestrus at treatment had a greater effect on the results than the type of prostaglandin used.
Challenges in the Further Development of Dairy Herd Health and Management Programs
Authors: Williamson N. B.
Published: March 2023

Paper presented at the 13th World Congress on Cattle Diseases, Durban, South Africa, Sept. 17-21, 1984.
Economically Recoverable Water in Texas: An Underappreciated Water Management Strategy?
Authors: Loftus Timothy T
Published: March 2023

Conversations about the value or “true cost of water” and the nationwide infrastructure maintenance gap encourage a reconsideration of the value of utility water losses. Water loss audit data for 2014 for two planning regions that are home to almost a third of Texas’ population and include three of the five largest cities are examined to explore the value of economically recoverable water losses from a perspective that better reflects the regional scenarios under which the state water plan is developed. The volume of real and apparent losses is valued per a new regional average composite price to arrive at an estimation for the water that should be feasible to recover. Normalized values of economically recoverable losses are generated to arrive at a statewide estimate of valuation. Industry standard financial and operational performance indicators are also developed and compared to a larger, multi-state data set. Results are presented in the context of state and regional water supply planning in two ways: 1) comparing the volume of economically recoverable water to the volume of supply expected from water loss control strategies, and 2) comparing the newly assessed value of recoverable water to the estimated costs associated with water loss control strategies.
Citation: Loftus TT. 2019. Economically recoverable water in Texas: an underappreciated water management strategy? Texas Water Journal. 10(1):60-74. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v10i1.7077.
Water: A Preventable Disaster
Authors: Perry Charles
Published: March 2023

Editor-in-Chief's Note: The Texas Water Journal invited Texas state Senator Charles Perry, Chair of the Senate Committee on Water and Rural Affairs, to share his thoughts on the role of water in the coming 87th legislative session of the Texas Legislature. In the upcoming legislative session, Senator Perry said Texas will be navigating the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, the road to recovery and continuing water supply development. In the commentary, Senator Perry addresses how leveraging technology, public-private partnerships, and regulations will encourage the creation of new water sources while also expanding existing strategies. The opinion expressed in this commentary is the opinion of the individual author and not the opinion of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute.
Citation: Perry C. 2020. Commentary: Water: A Preventable Disaster. Texas Water Journal. 11(1):172-173. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v11i1.7129.
Water Rights Analysis Package Modeling System
Authors: Wurbs Ralph A.
Published: March 2023

The water rights analysis package simulates surface water development, allocation, management, and use and performs reliability and frequency analyses of simulation results. The computer modeling system facilitates assessments of hydrologic and institutional water availability and reliability in satisfying requirements for reservoir storage, water supply diversions, environmental instream flows, and hydroelectric energy generation. Reservoir system operations for flood control can be simulated. Capabilities are also provided for tracking salinity concentrations. Basin-wide impacts of water resources development projects and management practices are modeled. The modeling system is generalized for application anywhere, with input datasets being developed for particular river systems of concern. The water availability modeling system maintained by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and routinely applied by the professional water management community consists of the water rights analysis package and simulation input datasets for all of the river basins of Texas. Model-users modify the input datasets as appropriate to evaluate alternative water use scenarios, development projects, and management strategies of interest. This paper explores concepts and methodologies incorporated in the water rights analysis package and other comparable modeling systems, implementation of water availability modeling in Texas, and contributions to effective water management.
Texas Reimagines the Fight Against Floods
Authors: Lake Peter
Published: March 2023

The Texas Water Journal invited former Chairman of the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) and current Chairman of the Public Utility Commission of Texas, Peter Lake, to share his thoughts on the 2019 state flood assessment and other framework efforts. The opinion expressed in this commentary is the opinion of the individual author and not the opinion of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute.
In response to the TWDB’s 2019 state flood assessment and other efforts initiated in the wake of Hurricane Harvey, the 86th Texas Legislature developed a visionary new framework to fight future floods. The TWDB was tasked with overseeing and coordinating this new effort in conjunction with fellow state and federal agencies. In accordance with the guiding legislation, the TWDB is using a familiar framework based on key functional areas: science, planning, and financing. In the case of floods, that framework transforms into mapping, planning, and mitigation—the three pillars of fighting floods in Texas.
Citation: Lake P. 2021. Texas Reimagines the Fight Against Floods. Texas Water Journal. 12(1):58-67. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v12i1.7133.
Commentary: Fresh, Clean Water for Texans Now and for Generations to Come
Authors: King Tracy
Published: March 2023

Editor-in-Chief's Note: The Texas Water Journal invited Texas state Representative Tracy O. King, incoming chair of the House of Representatives Committee on Natural Resources, to share his thoughts on what is ahead for the Natural Resources Committee.  The opinion expressed in this commentary is the opinion of the individual author and not the opinion of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute.
Received 26 February 2021, Accepted 3 March 2021, Published online 4 March 2021
Citation: King TO. 2021. Commentary: Fresh, Clean Water for Texans Now and for Generations to Come. Texas Water Journal. 12(1):40-41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v12i1.7135.
Reply to comment received from Robert E. Mace, published in the Texas Water Journal (2021) 12(1):202-205, regarding “Exploring Groundwater Recoverability in Texas: Maximum Economically Recoverable Storage,” published in the Texas Water Journal (2020) 11(1):152-171, by Justin C. Thompson, Charles W. Kreitler, and Michael H. Young
Authors: Justin C. Thompson  , Michael H. Young  , Charles W. Kreitler
Published: March 2023

Editor-in-Chief's Note: The Texas Water Journal accepted a request by authors, Justin C. Thompson, Charles W. Kreitler, and Michael H. Young, to reply to the commentary by Robert E. Mace on their article published in the Texas Water Journal (2021) 12(1):202-205, regarding “Exploring Groundwater Recoverability in Texas: Maximum Economically Recoverable Storage,” published in the Texas Water Journal (2020) 11(1):152-171, by Justin C. Thompson, Charles W. Kreitler, and Michael H. Young. The opinions expressed in this commentary are the opinions of the individual authors and not the opinion of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute.
Determining Geothermal Resources in Three Texas Counties
Authors: Batir Joseph , Richards Maria
Published: March 2023

This project updates the geothermal resources beneath our oil and gas fields, as part of the research for the Texas GEO project for the counties of Crockett, Jackson and Webb. Through additional bottom-hole temperatures from oil and gas wells drilled in the late 1990s to 2019, the number of sites increased from 532 to 5,410. The project improved the methodology to calculate formation temperatures from 3.5 km to 10 km, included thermal conductivity values more closely related to the actual county geological formations, and incorporated radiogenic heat production of formations and the related mapped depth to basement. The project results show deep temperatures as hotter than previously calculated, with temperatures of 150 °C possible for Webb County between depths of 2.6 – 5.1 kms, average 3.3 km; Jackson County between depths 3.0 – 5.4 kms, average 3.7 km; and Crockett County between depths of 2.7 – 8.0 kms, average 4.0 km. Based on the 150 °C temperature desired for electrical production, 677 wells or 11.6 % of them have at least this temperature or higher. The oil and gas industry can be a significant resource for unlocking our ability as a nation to extract the geothermal heat resource.
Low Flow Trends in Texas Stream Segments Serving Unique Hydrologic Functions
Authors: Venkataraman Kartik , Kannan Narayanan , Chraibi Victoria
Published: March 2023

In recognition of the unique hydrologic functions they serve, certain stream segments in Texas have been designated as ecologically significant. In this study, we evaluated low flow trends in seven hydrologically unique stream segments spanning three climatic divisions in Texas from 1970 to 2019. Despite increasing mean annual temperatures, there are no trends in low flows or other hydrologic variables in the East Fork of the San Jacinto River in the Upper Coast climatic division, likely due to local moisture surplus effects from the Gulf of Mexico. In the Edwards Plateau climatic division, annual low flows and annual baseflows are decreasing in the South Fork of the Guadalupe River, the Sabinal River and the Frio River. While increasing mean annual temperatures appear to have a role in the drying of all three of these stream segments, increasing annual potential evapotranspiration may be an additional driver in the Sabinal and Frio Rivers. Analysis of the Standardized Streamflow Index indicates that all seven stream segments experienced their worst streamflow droughts in the 2010s. As such, the watersheds draining to the gages on these stream segments have minimal anthropogenic impacts, suggesting the influence of climate on the observed stream drying.
82nd State Legislature Regular Session: Summaries of water-related legislative action
Authors: Kramer Ken , Steinbach Stacey A. , Skaggs Jason , Howe Billy , Robbins Dean
Published: March 2023

Editor’s Note: September 1 of every odd-numbered year is the date that new legislation from the Texas Legislature session that ended the previous spring typically goes into effect. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited five organizations that work closely with the Texas Legislature to provide their take on the changes to Texas water policy and law that were made during the 2011 session. The opinions expressed in these summaries are the opinions of the individual organizations and not the opinion of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute. Organizations: • Sierra Club, Lone Star Chapter • Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts • Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association • Texas Farm Bureau • Texas Water Conservation Association
 
Citation: K Kramer, SA Steinbach, J Skaggs, B Howe, D Robbins. 2011.Commentary: 82nd State Legislature Regular Session: Summaries of water-related legislative action. Texas Water Journal. 2(1):23-38. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v2i1.5886.
The Edwards Aquifer Water Wars: The Final Chapter?
Authors: Gulley Robert L. , Cantwell Jenna B.
Published: March 2023

On December 28, 2011, the Edwards Aquifer Authority’s Board of Directors approved the recommendations of the Edwards Aquifer Recovery Implementation Program with respect to a historic Habitat Conservation Plan. The Habitat Conservation Plan could resolve decades of acrimonious rancor and litigation over the use of the Edwards Aquifer. It provides the protection required by the federal Endangered Species Act for 8 listed species stemming from the use of the Edwards Aquifer and associated Comal and San Marcos springs while recognizing the region’s ever-growing need for water. The plan was developed by a diverse group of stakeholders through a consensus-based process and submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on January 5, 2012, in support of the Edwards Aquifer Recovery Implementation Program’s application for an Incidental Take Permit. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service noticed the availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for public comment and conducted 7 public meetings to receive public comment. The public comment period closed on October 18, 2012. On February 15, 2013, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service issued its Record of Decision approving the issuance of the Incidental Take Permit and the Habitat Conservation Plan. This paper discusses the history of the dispute over the use of the aquifer, previous attempts to resolve the dispute, the strategic plan for protecting the aquifer, and the decision-making process used to develop the plan.
Citation: Gulley RL, Cantwell JB. 2013. The Edwards Aquifer Water Wars: The Final Chapter? Texas Water Journal. 4(1):1-21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v4i1.6423.
Book review: Sharing the common pool: water rights in the everyday lives of Texans
Authors: Mace Robert E.
Published: March 2023

Citation: Mace RE. 2015. Sharing the common pool: water rights in the everyday lives of Texans. Texas Water Journal. 6(1):64-66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v6i1.7024.
Coyote Lake Ranch v. City of Lubbock: a ranch, a city and the battle over surface use
Authors: Bradbury James D , Smith Courtney Cox , Ory Avery
Published: March 2023

In a time when the competition for water resources is increasing, water law and policy for groundwater is evolving, bringing to the fore the conflict between surface use and groundwater. Unlike the oil and gas context where the mineral estate is dominant, the superiority of severed groundwater to the surface estate has remained uncertain. The recent Texas Supreme Court case, Coyote Lake Ranch v. City of Lubbock, addressed this question, holding that the accommodation doctrine (long applied to mineral estates) applied to groundwater interests in that case. On its face, the case was a dispute between a Texas city and a landowner over the use and damage to surface property caused by groundwater development. The implications of the Supreme Court’s holding, however, run deep and are significant in this time of growing water scarcity. The Coyote Lake Ranch case signals a continued push toward unifying the law governing mineral and groundwater law and emphasizes the need for the courts and the Texas Legislature to be proactive in balancing the interests and rights of all parties.
Citation: Bradbury JD, Smith CC, Ory A. 2017. Coyote Lake Ranch v. City of Lubbock: a ranch, a city and the battle over surface use. Texas Water Journal. 8(1):87-96. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v8i1.7054.
Texas’ water quality challenge and the need for better communication in an era of increasing water quality contamination events
Authors: Mulki Sapna , Rubinstein Carlos , Saletta Julianne
Published: March 2023

As Texas cities experience an increase in incidents associated with water quality contamination, the need for publiceducation and engagement increases. The discussion in this paper identifies, based on publicly available data, three of the most common incidents in Texas related to drinking water and environmental contamination: boil water notices (BWNs), sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), and lead in drinking water. Trends observed from 2011 to 2016 indicate a sharp upward increase in the incidents of such events. Increased frequency of incidents that threaten water quality often erodes public trust in the city and utility, thus making it more difficult in the long term to get public support for increased investment in water and wastewater infrastructure. The recommendations in this study focus on how to manage communications when events associated with water quality create a public relations challenge for city and utility leaders.
Citation: Mulki S, Rubinstein C, Saletta J. 2018. Texas' water quality challenge and the need for better communication in an era of increasing water quality contamination events. Texas Water Journal. 9(1):108-119. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v9i1.7059.
Seasonal changes of groundwater quality in the Ogallala Aquifer
Authors: Goebel Timothy S. , Stout John E. , Lascano Robert J.
Published: March 2023

The Ogallala Aquifer extends beneath eight states in the Great Plains region of North America. It stretches from Texas to South Dakota and is among the largest aquifers in the world. In Texas, extraction of groundwater, primarily for cropland irrigation, far exceeds recharge resulting in a significant decline of the water table. In the Texas High Plains, this decline prompted restrictions set by a local water conservation agency in 2009 stating that in 50 years about 50% of the saturated thickness of the Ogallala Aquifer should be preserved. However, this restriction only addressed the quantity and not the quality of the remaining water. The quality of water extracted from the Ogallala Aquifer has been observed to change over time, especially over the length of a crop’s growing season. We measured water quality over a three-year period using an electrical conductivity sensor and measured depth to water at 20 locations across five counties in the Texas High Plains. Results show that when wells are actively pumping, water quality can change in complex and unpredictable ways. In some cases, water quality declined and in others water quality improved. This result has prompted us to further investigate the mechanisms involved in observed seasonal water quality changes.
La ética como saber, encuentro y reconocimiento con el Otro
Authors: Pérez Sierra Jesús Darío , Zapata Arcila Adriana , Vásquez Grajales Mateo , Gómez Lopera Andrés Eduardo , Madrigal Torres Diana Lucía
Published: March 2023

Las sociedades contemporáneas evidencian una falta de formación para la práctica de la ética, lo que se ve reflejado en los graves problemas y crisis que vivimos, entre los cuales se destacan la violencia, el fanatismo y la exclusión. Este texto se desarrolla en virtud de resignificar el papel de la ética como un saber necesario, con el fin de fomentar una cultura para el reconocimiento y el encuentro con el otro. Se ha enfocado en una pregunta: ¿por qué la ética nos permite una experiencia del encuentro y el reconocimiento del otro como una persona humana que tiene dignidad, que merece respeto y cuidado? Para su tratamiento se ha seguido el método hermenéutico, con un carácter dialógico, crítico y reflexivo. En cuanto a los referentes teóricos figuran Adela Cortina y otros filósofos tan reconocidos como son Emmanuel Lévinas y Byung-Chul Han. En suma, se trata de concebir la ética como un saber fundamental que nos sirve para la construcción y reconstrucción del tejido social, todo con la intención de que sea un recurso que aporte a la transformación de nuestras realidades sociales y culturales.
The Financing Structure of Islamic Banks: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mardhiyaturrositaningsih Mardhiyaturrositaningsih
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurpose - This study aims to analyse the  financing structure of Islamic Commercial Bank and Islamic Business Unit. This Study Compare the financing structure before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.Method - This research is using The comparative research method to determine differences in the financing structure of Islamic Banks before and during the Covid-19  period.Result - The result of this research indicates that the financing structure of Islamic Commercial Banks and Islamic Business Units based on the type of shari’ah compliant contract and the type of usage shows differences before and during the covid-19 pandemic. The decrease is shown in financing with mudharabah and ijarah contracts.Implication - The research indicates that the Bank has been impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic as indicated by changes in the financing structure of the banking system. Banks need to determine the right strategy in this situation.Originality- This study conducted a financing test based on the type of contract and the type of usage. This study identified two conditions in the period before and during the pandemic.
Exploratory Factor Analysis: Analysis of Islamic Bank Sustainability Factors in Facing the Disruption of the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Muheramtohadi Singgih , Huda Choirul , Adila Retno Septia
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurpose - In this study, researchers are interested in analyzing the factors of resilience (sustainability) that must exist or be carried out by Islamic banks to challenge the disruption of the industrial revolution 4.0.Method - This research is quantitative research. The research approach is exploratory which has the intention to obtain a description and understanding of the problems experienced by researchers. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire which was then tested for validity and reliability. After the data has been collected, the data is tested with the stages of testing confirmatory factor analysis data which is able to reduce a number of variables into several dominant factors that affect the sustainability of Islamic banks in facing the disruption of the industrial revolution 4.0.Result - This study concludes that: 1) 18 variables each have a Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) value higher than 0.5 and are categorized as having met the adequacy of the sample. 2) Factor analysis is suitable for simplifying the group of 18 variables. 3) Two dominant factors are formed, which are called the customer's financial benefit factor and the customer's safety and comfort factor.Implication - This research helps Islamic banks to remain sustainable from the onslaught of the disruption of the Industrial revolution 4.0 based on the variables of customer desires.Originality - This study focuses more on Islamic banking instead of professional banking as in previous studies and in the analysis the researcher uses exploratory factor analysis to determine the dominant factor from  series of variables. The study is different from previous research.
The Role Sharia Non-Bank Financial Institutions To Support SDGS Program
Authors: Trimulato Trimulato
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurpose - The purpose of this study is to describe the development of sharia IKNB and the role of Sharia IKNB to support SGDs.Method - The type of research used is qualitative with literature study. The analytical technique used is descriptive qualitative describing the development of Sharia IKNB, and the role of Sharia IKNB to support realization of the SDGs.Result - The results show the development of Sharia IKNB in the period from October 2020 to April 2021, Sharia Insurance assets grew by 6.26 percent, Pension Fund Institutions assets grew by 17.79 percent, Sharia Microfinance Institutions assets grew by 2.24 percent, Sharia Fintech Institutions assets grew by 85.54 percent. Meanwhile, Sharia Financing Institutions experienced a decrease in assets of -7.78 percent and Sharia Pawnshops experienced a decrease in assets of -6.95 percent. Certified halal products in 2021 grew by 2,531.49 percent.Implication - Sharia IKNB supports SDGs to achieve the goal of reducing hunger, sharia IKNB can support the real sector, and also has a social aspect. SDGs achieve prosperity in line with the Islamic economic function of income distribution.Originality - The research a more in-depth study of the role of Islamic finance in supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program. Researchers identify the role of Sharia Insurance, Sharia Financing Institutions, Pension Fund Institution, Sharia Pawnshop, Sharia Microfinance Institutions and Sharua Financial Technology.