bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of base data list and content for determining of the ways for military teams procurement with armament
Authors: Борохвостов Ігор , Білокур Микола , Колотухин Євген , Ткач Іван
Published: May 2019

Maintenance of samples of weapons is carried out at the stages of their life cycle and is carried out on the basis of coordination of actions of the customer and the consumer with a wide range of organizations from the main developer to the co-executors, which does not exclude the occurrence of conflict situations. This leads to the problem of implementing the optimal synthesis of such a complex system and does not allow to direct efforts to achieve the extremum of the target function of the system as a whole. Therefore, the emergence of such a problem and the existing conflicts in the process of determining the means of providing arms to military formations is considered as a complex organizational system, and the difficulties of direct solution of the problem of optimal synthesis in this case are related to: the interconnections of a complex system (between systems of the lower level and elements of the system); limited programming abilities; the construction of a mathematical model, etc.; and cause the need to find solutions to this problem.

The methods developed at present allow analytically to calculate the technical perfection of the weapons samples that are considered for providing military formations, as investigated when choosing for procurement or development. Such tasks are deterministic, but, considering costs at all stages of the life cycle, there may be stochastic (probable ones) that can be solved by expert methods. At present, the list and content of the source data when choosing ways of providing weapons are not defined at all stages. Thus, having them strictly non-formalized, the statement of the problem of synthesis is carried out under conditions of uncertainty, which in most cases is solved by heuristic methods, which in turn allows elements of subjectivity.

Having determined the list and content of the initial data, it is possible to pre-implement the calculations in cost form (strictly mathematical) in the form of expenses, having carried out the projection of expenditures at the stage of the weapon’s life cycle, and such a list to be chosen according to the criterion of the problem of synthesis, while defining the criteria of the restrictions, and to use these data for assessing the quality of this type of weapons and the cost of the stages of their life cycle. Also, in case of incomplete receipt of such data in cost form, with their partial, such an assessment will allow to determine between the corresponding methods when solving the problem of choosing ways of providing arms in the medium term. Even if this method is not analytical, then the relevant statistics will help to reduce the degree of uncertainty and subjectivism when choosing ways to provide armed skills by expert means.
PENDEKATAN JELAJAH ALAM SEKITAR (JAS) PADA MATA KULIAH SISTEMATIKA HEWAN
Authors: Adinugraha Fajar
Published: May 2019

The research objective is to describe the Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) approach in Sistematika Hewan. It also to know the students ' respond of learning with the Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) approach. Beside that, the research objective is to know the students' interest to the Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) approach. The research is a descriptive quantitative study which uses survey and literature study method. The learning activities with the Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) approach in Sistematika hewan are 1) group discussion, 2) field study, 3) practicum, 4) instructional games, 5) lecturing method, 6) project/ task giving, 7) final exam / test, and 8) practical responses. The students' response to learning by the Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) approach is 89% in good category (good and very good). Students' interest with the Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) approach is 96% in interest category (interest and very interest).Keywords: Jelajah Alam Sekiar (JAS), learning approach, students’ response, students’ interest
ACUTE EFFECTS OF CUSTOMIZING A TENNIS RACKET ON SERVE SPEED
Authors: Söğüt Mustafa
Published: May 2019

Background. A vast number of tennis players use additional lead weights attached to their rackets in order to
improve stroke performances. However, there is limited evidence that racket customization as such boosts efficiency
in different age and performance levels. The purpose of this repeated measures design study was to determine the
acute effects of adding weight to the tip of a racket on serve speed in tennis players.
Methods. Participants were male tennis players from three different age and performance levels: elite junior (n =
7, age = 15.71 ± 0.95 years), colligate (n = 11, age = 22.36 ± 2.54 years), and senior recreational (n = 17, age = 52.94 ±
9.43 years). Three identical rackets, two of which were customized by adding ten and twenty gram lead weights on
the tips, were used for the measurements. A radar gun was utilized to assess serve speed of the participants.
Results. The repeated measures ANOVA results revealed no significant differences among serve speed scores
for the three conditions in each group.
Conclusion. Results suggest that customizing a tennis racket by adding lead weight to the tip might not
necessarily yield differences in serve speeds in tennis players from different age and performance levels.
FUNCTIONAL PHYSICAL FITNESS IN 7–10-YEAR-OLD SCHOOL CHILDREN IN LITHUANIA. PILOT STUDY
Authors: Miežienė Brigita , Česnaitienė Vida Janina , Emeljanovas Arūnas , Fjortoft Ingun , Kjønniksen Lise , Kreivytė Rasa , Tilindienė Ilona , Zaičenkovienė Kristina
Published: May 2019

Background. Physical fitness in childhood is a marker of health as it reflects the functional status of most the
body functions involved in the performance of daily physical activity and/or physical exercise. Measurement and
monitoring of these indicators of health beginning from early age is of highest importance. So, the aim of this study
is to examine physical fitness in primary school children and test the validity of physical fitness test battery .
Methods. A sample of 415 children participated in the study. Physical fitness was measured by the 9-item test
battery (Fjørtoft et al., 2011). ANOVA results show that indicators of physical fitness differ across age. In general,
older children are more physically fit than the younger ones. Mastering preschool and primary school children’s
physical fitness evaluation techniques will allow monitoring the changes in physical fitness in the course of the
school year in different age groups.
Results. In this study we presented the baseline data of a longitudinal study of 7–10-year-old children in
Lithuanian schools. We found a development of achievements in physical functional physical activity across age,
the 9–10 years olds being the fittest. We found a pronounced gap in the performance between the age groups of 8–9
years, while the 7–8-year-olds seemed to be more even in their functional fitness competency. The same achievement
pattern also was characteristic of boys and girls. Gender differences were found in one test item only (throwing
tennis ball), which was explained by different play cultures in boys and girls.
Conclusion. Our results indicate a stronger focus on the modernization of physical education programs for
children in this age group, particularly for the 8-year-olds. The PE programs should be based on a multivariate
sample of basic motor skills of all ages aiming at developing the children’s overall functional physical fitness.
EFFICIENCY OF BREATHING EXERCISES USED IN PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR 6–12-YEAR-OLD ASTHMATIC CHILDREN’S RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
Authors: Karuža Vytautas , Lendraitienė Eglė
Published: May 2019

Background. The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of breathing exercises for 6–12- year-old asthmatic
children’s respiratory function.
Methods. The study involved 15 children, 9 boys (60%) and 6 girls (40%). The average age of all subjects
was 9.07 ± 1.94 years. Boys’ average age was 8.89 ± 1.90 years, and that of the girls – 8.33 ± 2.16 years. All
subjects participated in physical therapy were breathing exercises were applied for four weeks, 30–45 minutes per
day. Moreover, before and after treatment with breathing exercises they had Stange and Henci tests (samples of
breathing); breathing muscle strength test with pneumotonometer and abdominal muscle endurance test.
Results. After four weeks of physical therapy, the mean respiratory arrest inhalation statistically significantly
increased by 11.16%, (p < .05). Exhaled breath with hold was 19.17% of the average change, but this change was
not statistically significant (p > .05); inspiration pressure changed by 27.30% on average (p < .05); static abdominal
muscle endurance significantly increased from 26.33 to 36.13%; right side muscle static endurance significantly
increased by 31.78% and left side static muscle endurance changed by 19.43%.
Conclusion. Breathing exercises applied for four weeks for children aged 6–12 years, suffering from bronchial
asthma, are useful for increasing respiratory arrest aspiration, inspiration and expiratory pressure, and the abdomen,
trunk muscle endurance, but they do not result in any changes in respiratory arrest exhaled.
FEATURES OF SPORTS PERFORMANCE RELATED INJURIES OF ELITE TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Rekus Linas , Simaškaitė Lina , Šakalys Egidijus
Published: May 2019

Background. Sports injuries have a huge impact on performance of athletes in competitions. A lot of athletes do
not obtain full recovery after injuries, which leads to trauma recurrence or higher severity injuries. Being aware of
dominating anatomical regions and frequencies of occurrence of these traumas could help to prevent it and to protect
athletes’ health.
Methods. In 2013 Lithuanian professional athletes were asked to fill in questionnaires developed by using
standardized methodology validated by the IOC and implemented by the IAAF during international track and
field competitions. Data were collected, processed and analysed. Results were obtained using statistical methods,
significance level of p ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant.
Results. We investigated 33 athletes- sprinters and throwers (javelin and discus throwers, shot putters). They
had 57 cases of traumatic injuries in one year period (2012–2013). Results of the study showed that injuries of
lower extremity statistically significantly dominated comparing with upper extremity and head/trunk in both fields
of sport. Injuries by anatomical region were: lower extremity – 67%, upper extremity – 12%, head and trunk – 21%.
Most of all were injured: hamstrings 23%, inguinal 10.5%, lumbar 13% area. Comparing traumas between throwers
and sprinters groups lower extremity injuries statistically significantly dominated in sprinters group, while upper
extremity had been injured only in the throwers’ group. Analysing severity of the injuries we noticed that moderate
and mild injuries were dominating. Mild and moderate severity injuries appeared leading to a higher risk of re-injury
than high severity traumas. Recurrence of the same injury was noticed only in the group of sprinters – 57.9% of
sprinters repeatedly suffered mostly from hamstring and inguinal traumas.
Conclusions. According to the results of this study, sports medicine physicians could predict potential localization
and recurrence of injuries and collaborating with coaches and athletes prepare opportune training programs to avoid
harm.
DIFFERENTIAL TRAINING TASKS TRIGGER THE DECREASE OF CONCATENATION BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS
Authors: Velička Deivydas , Bernotienė Gilija , Poderienė Kristina , Vainoras Alfonsas , Poderys Jonas
Published: May 2019

Background. A lot of studies have shown the Differential Training (DT) is more effective than the traditional
training based on repetition at constant conditions. The aim of this study was to find the changes in dynamical
concatenation between ECG parameters during the DT task.
Methods. Participants (13 healthy adult males) performed two balance tests standing on LIBRA balance board.
Continuous ECG registration during both balance tests and during the rest was 3 minutes. The changeable parametric
interactions and its dynamics during exercise tasks while monitoring ECG parameters and its data sequences analysis
based on mathematical method based on matrix theory were applied, the concatenation between ECG parameters
were analysed.
Results. Results obtained during the study showed that there were no drastic differences between ECG parameters
while performing both balance tests. The concatenation between analysed ECG parameters increased or there was
no significant change. The decrease of concatenation was observed during the second task while the participants
performed the squats standing on the balance board. This type of change in concatenation was found during the
analysis of all ECG parameters, i.e. between duration of RR intervals and QRS, between JT and RR intervals and
between QRS and JT intervals.
Conclusion. DT tasks trigger the decrease of concatenation between cardiovascular parameters that allows
discussing about the hypothesis that decrease of concatenation between systemic regulatory commands and cardiac
metabolic changes could be one of possible chain activating and enhancing the efficiency of long-term adaptation at
conditions of DT.
Развитие экологического туризма в сельской местности с привлечением домашних хозяйств к производству туристского продукта
Authors: Nikolašin Vladimir , Švagždienė Biruta
Published: May 2019

New social-economic circumstances – market relations and stabilization of living level for the larger part
of population demanded other attitude to the households, thus why today large attention is paid to the economic
and behavioral moments in the research. According to this households are seen as one of the most important
subjects in the economy on which results depends the welfare of each family and whole society. Nowadays it is
more important than earlier to evaluate the living level and welfare of society in general and as a separate
household, their material and social demographical groups. The relevance of the research is based on the
growing importance of eco-tourism in the world and in the Russian Federation due to the development of this
type of tourism and also due to the level of households economic development in rural area.
Scientific innovation. The determination of the most socially and economically important features of
households in the development of eco-tourism in rural areas is implemented as methods of adapting to the new
conditions, as well as the development of a comprehensive theoretical and practical evidence-based
recommendations for the development of the households in rural areas in the market eco-tourism services based
on the analysis of economic practices, summarizing the literature, the study of foreign experience, identifying
ways and sources of growth in key indicators of tourist activity of households.
Practical innovation. Methods and approaches developed in this work could be recommended for use
in the formation of regional and local strategic programs for the development of eco-tourism what will promote
economic growth and improve the quality of life of the rural population of Russia. Scientific statements,
conclusions and recommendations formulated in this work could be used by the executive authorities in the
federal, regional and local levels to include complex programs in the development of practical measures in order
to improve the quality of life of the rural population and ensure the conditions for a healthy lifestyle. The aim of
the study is to develop methodological principles of eco-tourism development strategy in Russia, improving the
economic performance of individual regions without alternative opportunities to improve the quality of life of
the rural population and the level of environmental culture. Main trend is to improve the structure and efficiency
of public investments in market innovations for the development of eco-tourism with the state support.
KAUNO KELIONIŲ AGENTŪRŲ INTERNETO TINKLALAPIŲ VERTINIMAS
Authors: Komskienė Diana , Kotkevičiūtė Aistė
Published: May 2019

Tiriant Kauno kelionių agentūrų interneto tinklalapius siekta nustatyti, kaip juos vertina paslaugų vartotojai. Vertinimui buvo pasirinkti esminiai turizmo paslaugos rinkimosi ir pirkimo elektronin÷je erdv÷je kriterijai, turintys įtakos vartotojų pasirinkimui: patogumas, kokyb÷, kaina, valdymas, dizainas, bendravimas. Tyrimas atskleid÷ svarbiausius turizmo paslaugų pasiūlos interneto tinklalapiuose kriterijų bruožus, tokius kaip dizainas, bendravimas, saugumas. Šie kriterijai padeda formuoti vartotojų įpročius, susivokti, o kelionių agentūroms – patraukliai teikti turizmo paslaugų pasiūlą ir s÷kmingai konkuruoti rinkoje. Raktiniai žodžiai: turizmo paslauga, paslaugos rinkimasis ir pirkimas, interneto tinklalapiai, kelionių agentūros.
LINKS BETWEEN LEARNING LOAD AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE UPPER GRADES
Authors: Putriūtė Vitalija
Published: May 2019

This paper examines links between learning load and physical activity (PA) in the upper grades; there is not a lot of research on this subject. The aim is to ascertain how the students’ perceptible learning loads are related to their leisure time PA taking into consideration gender, class, and time spent on doing homework. Modern students are influenced by an increasing amount of information, thus higher requirements are raised. It is recognized that excessive learning load is detrimental to students’ health (Juškelien÷, Kalibatas, 2002; Reynolds et al., 2001; Natvig et al., 1999). The long-term and intensive mental work while learning and when there is no time to rest, leads to exhaustion (Kackar et al., 2001). A. Singh et al. (2012), H. Praag (2008) argues that physical activity helps children to achieve better results in school. Physical activity improves blood circulation, increases blood flow to the brain, all of which can reduce stress, improve mood, causing a sedative effect after physical exertion, which can improve academic achievements. Scientists have made a great progress in the examination of PA and learning achievements, but the results are still inconsistent. Most of the published articles convey the positive coherence between PA, cognition and academic achievements (Howie, Pate, 2012). More than 50 % of 11–12 grades students’ physical activity is not sufficient (Muliarčikas, 2007). The object of research was links between learning load and physical activity. The aim was to ascertain how students’ perceptible learning loads are related with their leisure time PA taking into consideration gender, class, and time spent on doing homework. Research methods: scientific literature analysis, questionnaire survey. Statistical analysis of questionnaire data was performed using SPSS 19.0 for Windows software package. Frequency distribution of qualitative indicators was calculated on the basis of χ 2 criterion, the ANOVA F-test was applied for comparison of averages of quantitative indicators, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the prognostic relations. Results. Both boys and girls had extensive learning loads. The upper grade students experienced the least learning load in the ninth grade. The boys’ learning load was the lowest in the ninth and eleventh grades, the highest – in the tenth and twelfth grades. Girls’ perceptible learning load distribution in the upper grades did not differ (p > 0.05). Both boys and girls groups showed predominance of low PA. Percentage distribution of sufficiently and not sufficiently physically active boys among the ninth – twelfth grades was similar. In the girls’ group, the highest PA was in the ninth grade, and the lowest – in the tenth and eleventh grades, in the twelfth grade PA was higher than in the tenth and eleventh grades. Students who considered having higher learning load tended to be insufficiently physically active. Keywords: leisure time physical activity, learning load, the upper grade students.
КОНЦЕПЦИЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ СФЕРЫ УСЛУГ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ И СПОРТА
Authors: Eremin Ilya , Tolstaya Lyudmila , Eremina Elena
Published: May 2019

Every year physical activity and sport increasingly penetrate into people’s daily lives: everywhere the number of sports clubs and organizations increases, as well as the number of people attracted to sport. Assessing the volume of the Russian market of sports goods, experts give the numbers from 0.6 to 4 $ billion, the annual growth rate of 15–20 %. According to international experts, the Russian market of the sports goods and services is among the most promising. Despite the lack of precise data, we can say that this segment of the consumer market is currently in the process of active growth. This is facilitated by favorable macroeconomic factors, and changes in consumer preferences. The relevance of the research is determined by folding in modern sports markets trends, which together with a massive demand ensure that manufacturers of sports goods and services have huge profits, the possession of which conditions stiff competition. Winning the competitive struggle in the conditions of constant confrontation with rival manufacturers and sports organizations can only be resorted to marketing. Scientific innovation. Definition of criteria for the concept of marketing activities that lead to success of enterprises and organizations providing and selling services for physical training and sports. Practical innovation. Formulated scientific principles in the work can be used in the marketing policy of the organizations working in the sphere of sports. Interaction of consumers and firms seek for quality, which will improve the quality of life and ensure the conditions for a healthy lifestyle. Keywords: sports marketing, the market for physical education and sports.
LOJALUMO PROGRAMŲ PATRAUKLUMAS TURIZMO PASLAUGŲ VARTOTOJAMS
Authors: Navickienė Regina , Paplauskaitė Daiva
Published: May 2019

Research background. In order to enhance the company's competitiveness and efficiency, there is a strong focus on customers’ loyalty formation by using a variety of loyalty programs, which not only help to retain existing customers but also to attract the new ones. Loyalty programs are widely used in various business sectors by investing finances, material, human and time resources, developing customer habits, behavioural analysis, IT, filing, and data storage applications. Actually loyalty programs work in many spheres of activity and organizations can feel the economic benefits of it. No exception is the tourism sector where the clients have recently become very price sensitive because tourism services have changed. However, the main question is if they are effective. Such studies have not been conducted in Lithuania (tourism enterprises itself analyse programs for attractiveness of tourism services to consumers and at the same time see the benefit for the organization). The aim of the research was to find out whether the loyalty programs of tourism sector are attractive to consumers of tourism services. This paper analyses the concept of loyalty programs and their attractiveness to consumers of tourism services. The definitions (found in literature) of loyalty programs allow to classify them into two groups where the first group emphasizes the added value and benefits of the development and the second one – increasing loyalty of customers. Research methods. An empirical study (questionnaire survey) was made in summer of 2013 with 413 participants, also the literature material was applied. Research results showed that the users of tourism service, regardless of their age, appreciated loyalty programs applied in the tourism market. The most recognized short-term loyalty promotion means are gifts and prizes, as they provide a good luck by switching, improve mood, cheer. They can influence a person’s choice of the tourism business and encourage to purchase. Respondents also expect a special price, lower price, and higher quality of services. However, Loyalty programs which require more time and bigger involvement, and participation are in form of contest or point accumulation programs are valued by customers as less attractive. To sum up, it can be said that loyalty programs is an effective tool in tourism markets in Lithuania. Keywords: loyalty, loyalty program, tourism.
KONTESTASI DAN GENEALOGI “KEBANGKITAN” ISLAM NUSANTARA: KAJIAN HISTORIOGRAFIS BABAD TANAH JAWI
Authors: Bakir Bakir , Fawaid Achmad
Published: May 2019

From the first writing of 1612 to the 'final version' in 1836, the Babad Tanah Jawi (BTJ) has always been debated mainly regarding its function as genre, prophecy, historical narrative, genealogical prototypes, and testimonial structures on Javanese history. Nevertheless, it is rare for the study of how Islam Nusantara, specifically described in the Babad Tanah Jawi, is considered to have a 'problematic' double genealogy as the effect of the breaking down of the basket between Batara Guru and Prophet Adam, a discrepancy that reflects Islam Nusantara as the result of a syncretistic forces between (Islam) Demak and (Hindu) Majapahit. This study seeks to illustrate the scholarly contestation of the double gynowogy of the Islamic revival of the archipelago after the fall of Majapahit and its implications for the ambivalent narratives of insurrection in Babad Tanah Jawi, a text that sparked much debate among anthropologists, philologists and archaeologists of the world, Pararaton and Nagarakertagama - many referred by anyone who wants to learn about Islam and Javanese kings.
SINERGITAS PERAN PONDOK PESANTREN DALAM PENINGKATKAN INDEK PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA (IPM) DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suib M Syaiful
Published: May 2019

The concept of this study examines the Synergy of Pondok Pesantren's Role on the Improvement of Human Development Index (IPM) in Indonesia. Calculation of HDI standard include life expectancy, education level and standard of living of a region is in accordance with national standardization. This research is a qualitative research to collect data relating to the construction of conceptual thinking of the researcher is how the components, ways to overcome and what strategy will be done by PP to increase HDI in certain area that become its territory. Based on the data obtained the level of HDI in Indonesia is still low, this is due to the community's response to development is still not maximal, therefore the Government to further increase the HDI in the region, it is necessary cooperation with Pondok pesantren. Surely the role of this PP will have a positive impact on the increase of HDI in the region and become a reference for the stakeholders to utilize and increase the HDI in the region through boarding school. Broadly speaking, HDI will increase if education, health and other areas, there is a response from the community and contribute to the community. This opportunity will provide added value to the increase of HDI through the role of Pondok Pesantren.
NU DI TENGAH PUSARAN IDEOLOGI-IDEOLOGI TRANSNASIONAL
Authors: Husni Zainul Mu’ien
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the existence of Nahdlatul Ulama' (NU) in the midst of the emergence of a new flow and ideology that developed in Indonesia. Although Indonesia is not an Islamic ideology, the growing Islamic population in Indonesia makes Indonesian Muslims an easy target for activists of Islamic movements from outside Indonesia to campaign for their movement to become a major movement in Indonesia. Currently, there are many streams and religious ideologies which are crucially opposed to Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah (ASWAJA), such as Shia, Wahabi, Hizbut Tahrir, or known as Islam Transnasional, a movement that is not native to Indonesia. The existence of this political organization is not born from the struggle of identity to Indonesia-an authentic, but rather moved, taken or imported from other countries that tend not to fit the context to Indonesiaan. Islam Transnasional is another name for radical Islam, Islam Kanan, Islamic fundamentalism and puritanical Islam. Ironically, they came at almost the same time, thereby posing a challenge for Nahdlatul Ulama 'organization in its organizational development and dakwah. Therefore, each of these groups makes the Nahdlatul Ulama residents' targets to be recruited into their cadres. Therefore, we need to be alert to the organization, so the unity of the Unitary State of Indonesia remains intact and maintained in accordance with the purpose and desire founding father
HUMANISME SEBAGAI DASAR PEMBENTUKAN ETIKA RELIGIUS; DALAM PERSPEKTIF IBNU ATHĀ’ILLAH AL-SAKANDARĪ
Authors: Fermadi Bayu
Published: May 2019

At the level of reality, ethics is a social action that can affect all human social action, whether he is good or bad. Universal, the realization of the roles and actions referred to, can not be separated from the internalization of social values that influence it and one of them is about ethics. Therefore, this study wants to build ethics through Ibnu Athā'illah's thought concept with his religious humanism as a process towards the formation of the ethics. In the view of Ibn Athā'illah social ethics can be built through several processes, namely religious, theological, morality, scriptural, philosophical ethics. The striking difference that religious ethics holds is primarily rooted in the Qur'an and as-Hadith, which significantly tends to release the dialectics and focuses on efforts to expel the spirit of Islamic morality in a more specific way to the study of religious ethics of Ibnu Athā 'illah that tries to get out of the craze of developing thoughts and passively chooses social problems. So came the concept of religious ethics that are universal like sincere, patient, honest and trustworthy.
TASAWUF AL-GHAZALI : LANDASAN PSIKOLOGI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Ghofur Abdul
Published: May 2019

Al-Ghazali as a philosopher, thinker and his life ended ascetic is one of a row of name having service exceptional in science, chiefly Moslem. In his hands, science was developing, interesting and live. Psychology as a branch of science has correlation in the knowledge referred to Al-Ghazali through his book which until now were interested in it by the search continues in the intellectual are able to present, his presence colored the Islamic world thought mainly through the work of his Magnum Opus “Ihya Ulumuddin”. People grow and flourish, exist, build their lives and work is cannot be separated from human behavior itself. Stupid and disadvantaged is also caused by human behavior itself, so as to be very important that man must be to develop themselves and not order to complete. Education has the big role to increase the human life that’s way the psychology get big role to perfect the results.
KONSEP DASAR TEORI BATASAN: TELA’AH PEMIKIRAN M. SYAHRUR DALAM METODOLOGI FIQH ISLAM KONTEMPORER
Authors: Fermadi Bayu
Published: May 2019

Shahrur's anxiety began with the cessation of the understanding of the muhkamat verses which should continue to develop in accordance with the times, according to Syahrur that understanding was influenced by the thoughts of the previous scholars who were still shackled from the traditional Fiqh concept. against the Qur'an and Hadith with a hermenetic approach, and linguistic. In redefining laws relating to humans, Shahrur does not use qiyas and ijma 'of the scholars, so understanding the Qur'an is purely a textual approach. Syahrur believes that there is no synonymity in at Tanzil, so that each text stands alone and has its own meaning. Whereas the Sunnah is the first form of understanding of the Prophet Muhammad, in other words that the understanding of the prophet is the first step towards understanding the Qur'an and the opening of subsequent understandings in accordance with the context and age at which Tanzil is located.
PENGARUH PERILAKU MEROKOK TERHADAP RESIKO PENYALAHGUNAAN NAPZA DI UPMI
Authors: Dalimunte Nurul , Dewi Harahap Ratna Sari
Published: May 2019

There are many reasons behind teenage smoking behavior where smoking behavior is a dysfunction of the individual itself and the environment. This can be seen from the study of the development of adolescents who started smoking associated with the crisis of psycho-social aspects experienced during development, when a teenager is looking for identity. The efforts to find that identity, not all can go according to the desired expectations. Some adolescents do smoking as a compensatory method because there are some parties that have a big influence in the socialization process. Smoking behavior usually begins in adolescence even though the process of becoming a smoker has started since childhood. Adolescence is also an important period of risk for the development of long-term smoking behavior. In addition, smoking behavior is the entrance to other negative behaviors such as drug abuse and drinking alcohol. In this study researchers sought the influence of smoking behavior on the risk of drug abuse. The data in this study were obtained by distributing evaluation questionnaires to students. The results of this study obtained information about the effect of smoking behavior on the risk of drug abuse. The benefit of this research is to provide information to students about the dangers of smoking and the risk of drug abuse. The aim of this research is to produce information about the dangers of smoking and the risk of drug abuse. The results of this study indicate that smoking behavior among students at the Indonesian Community Development University (UPMI) majority has moderate smoking behavior. both of these studies see the risk of drug abuse in students at the Indonesian Community Development University (UPMI), the majority is not at risk. third, this study found a significant effect between smoking behavior and the risk of drug abuse on students at UPMI.Keywords: Smoking, Behavior, Drug, Abuse.
UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGGULANGAN HIV/AIDS MELALUI PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SCREENING HIV/AIDS PADA KELOMPOK WANITA BERESIKO DI BELAWAN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Darti Nur Afi , Imelda Fatwa
Published: May 2019

AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a collection of symptoms and infections or commonly called syndromes caused by damage to the human immune system due to the HIV virus, while HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a virus that can weaken immunity in humans. The increasing rate of transmission of HIV/AIDS sexually, especially through sex, has replaced the position of transmission through needles in injecting drug users, as the main route of transmission of HIV. Increased rates of transmission through heterosexual groups have led to increasingly susceptible transmission to low risk groups such as housewives and infants. The HIV/AIDS case is an iceberg phenomenon that must immediately require special attention from health workers. Therefore this community service takes a precautionary and remedial approach with increasing knowledge, with health education and counseling before screening HIV / AIDS with a blood examination, the effort is to cut the chain of transmission of HIV/AIDS. And can be used as a basis for follow-up in treatment with anti retroviral (Anti Retroviral) for participants who are detected positive for HIV/AIDS. This community service was carried out in the Belawan region of  North Sumatra with 80 female participants examined and from the results of the examination there were no detectable women who were HIV/AIDS positive and there was an increase in knowledge about HIV AIDS regarding definitions, signs and symptoms, modes of transmission and methods prevention. So that it is expected that this increase in knowledge will reduce and avoid risky behavior.Keywords: Knowledge, Screening, HIV/AIDS
OPTIMALISASI PERSALINAN NORMAL MELALUI “BIRTH PREPARATION CENTRE” DI KLINIK BERSALIN KOTA MEDAN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Kaban Febrina Oktavinola , Sari Siregar Farida Linda , Br Karo Evi Indriani
Published: May 2019

Various programs attempt to reduce the maternal mortality rate implemented by the government to pregnant women. The activity "Optimization of Normal Delivery Through Birth Preparation Center" in the Medan City Maternity Clinic" was carried out in two partners. This service partner were Klinik Bidan Eka in Medan Denai and  Klinik Pratama Serasi Medan Helvetia. As many as 80% of pregnant women are afraid of giving birth normally, for reasons of fear of pain that will be experienced later in labor. 85% of pregnant women are negatively pregnant. As many as 90% of pregnant women do not prepare physically. As many as 55% of pregnant women experience hip pain, back pain, and cramps in the legs during pregnancy. 90% of husbands do not motivate their wives. 90% of pregnant women and husbands are anxious about facing childbirth. The methods used are education, hypnobirthing and prenatal yoga. The activities at the Pratama Serasi Clinic were held twice, on 10 and 11 April 2018, this activity was attended by 20 pregnant women. The activities in the second partner were in the Bidan Eka, on May 5, 2018, and was attended by 17 pregnant women. Activities went well and smoothly, publication of activities in Post media massa Sumatera Utara, and Youtube.Keywords: birth preparation, hipnobirthing, yoga prenatal
THE ADDRESS TERMS IN ENGLISH AND SELAYERESE: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Zavitri Irma , Machmoed Hamzah , Sukmawaty Sukmawaty
Published: May 2019

This research aims to reveal the use of address terms in English and Selayarese based on situation and context and to understand the aspects that influenced the use of address terms in English and Selayarese. This study was analyzed through descriptive qualitative approach. The English data were taken from some conversational events in the movies while the Selayarese data were taken from the participant observation, depth interview, and field notes. The data requirement is focused on the address terms performed by English (American) and Selayarese community. The results of this research indicate some kinds of address terms occupied in both languages namely: 1) pronouns, 2) kinship terms, 3) title and professional terms, 4) religious terms, 5) nobility terms, 6) terms of endearments. The difference from both languages appeared in which the nobility terms and teknonyms was not accommodated in English data. Another difference is Selayarese use certain address terms to call cousin and nephew or niece. Beside that there are also some similarities from both languages in which they use first name to call their mother, father, grandfather and grandmother and both languages applied endearments to address someone. It was also found from the data that there are some aspects that influenced the use of address terms in English and Selayarese, namely: 1) age difference, 2) social situation, consisting formal and non formal situation, 3) social status, consisting achieved and ascribed status, 4) social distance or degree of intimacy.
THE USE OF MANTRA IN THE TRADITION OF MAITAI ALLO MACOA IN ONGLO PEOPLE CAMPALAGIAN SUBDISTRICT POLMAN REGENCY : A REVIEW OF THE SEMIOTICS
Authors: Aswad Hajaratul , Nurhayaty Nurhayaty , Said Ikhwan
Published: May 2019

The aims of this research were to decipher and to explain interaction between spell and Maitai Allo Macoa tradition, the exsistence of spell and tradition of Maitai Allo Macoa especially to sociaty in Ongko village. The content of spell is the old poem that consist of proface and cloosing. Whereas the manuscript is a creation of cultural that used the symbols and have meaning. This study was qualitative research that orient to the words in the form of spelling and the manuscript of symbols of Maitai Allo Macoa. This research was done in Ongko village sub regency Campalagian, Polman regency. The data were gained by observation, either close and open interview to society, recorded and written. The result of this research showed that the sociaty usually used the spell in the manuscript of  Maitai Allo Macoa before going to wander. It consists of there kinds of spell and one manuscript; pembueang, peakkeyang, assalamakang and Maitai Allo Macoa manuscript. In general, the spelling manuscript has relationship to the Holy Al-Qur’an text. It means the creation of spelling inspired by Holy Alquran. Things that decide the good day in the manuscript are time and symbol meaning which are used as the direction to held the holy activity. The exsistence or effect on the using of the spell and tradition of Maitai Allo Macoa is success and safety.
COMPARISON OF LANGUAGE STYLES IN NOVEL ATHEIST BY ACHDIAT KARTA MIHARDJA AND NOVEL TELEGRAM BY PUTU WIJAYA
Authors: Aryana Andi , Darwis Muhammad , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: May 2019

This study discusses the comparison of language style in novel Atheist by Achdiat Karta Miharja and novel Telegram by Putu Wijaya. The aims of this study are (1) to describe the embodiment of language styles in novels Atheist and novels Telegram, and (2) to describe the comparison of language styles in novels Atheist and novels Telegram. This research is a qualitative research usingdescriptive method. The approach used in this research is stylistic approach. Sources of data in this study is a text that contains the style of rhetorical language and figurative style of language. The results show that: (1) the style of language used in the novel Atheist is the style of language; Hyperbole, simile, metaphor, personification, antonomasia, and sarcasm. The style of language found in the novel Telegram namely; Hyperbole, simile, metaphor, personification, antonomasia, and metonimia. Based on the language style found, there are three types of word classes used as word choice in realizing the style of figurative language and style of rhetorical language, namely; Nouns,verbs, and adjectives. (2) The similarity between novels Atheist and novels Telegram is the similarity of hyperbola-style, personification, and antonomasia-forming structures. The difference between the novel Atheist and the novel Telegram lies in the metaphorical style marker which in the novel Atheistis a transitive verb, while in the novel Telegram is a concrete noun.
NARATOR SEBAGAI PENYAMPAI KRITIK SOSIAL DALAM NOVEL MOHA LE FOU MOHA LE SAGE KARYA TAHAR BEN JELLOUN
Authors: Intan Tania
Published: May 2019

In each literary work, the author through the narrator conveys his ideas or criticisms of an issue that is the inspiration of his writing. A novel in French, Moha le Fou Moha le Sage (MFMS) by Tahar ben Jelloun, illustrates the delivery of certain ideas and criticisms with the social background of the newly independent Maghreb state from French colonization. This research was made to describe the conditions that were criticized and the way the narrator expressed his criticism. The sociology of literature approach is used, to study the object of the novel MFMS research. Data was collected by reading and recording techniques, and analyzed using descriptive analytic techniques. The results show that the criticized conditions in this novel relate to a very sharp dichotomy in social configuration, between strong and weak, male and female, employer and slave, white and black, educated and not. The narrator, Moha, speaks as himself to convey the plight of the weak that are unable or prevented from speaking up. He gives advice, reprimands, reminds, threatens, and persuades him to be heard. But all his efforts were in vain because people were generally too busy looking for money and were reluctant to stop listening to other people's complaints.
TUTURAN TOLEA DALAM RITUAL PESTA ADAT MOSEHE WONUA SUKU TOLAKI MEKONGGA DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA: TINJAUAN SEMIOTIKA
Authors: Sultan Sultan , Maknun Tadjuddin , Said M. Ikhwan
Published: May 2019

This research is a qualitative descriptive study, Research location in Kolaka District, The data source is the meaning of the Kalo Sara symbol obtained from the Mekongga Mosehe Wonua custom ritual in Kolaka District, either words, phrases, or sentences. Duration of study, ie June 2015 to end of April 2016. The results of this study indicate that the first meaning of Tolea speech in every stage of the speech Tolaki Society in Mekongga Southeast Sulawesi make the speech disclosed Tolea at the beginning or opening speech is a symbol. The meaning In the opening speech is a symbol of respect. In the core speech is a symbol of obedience in ritual. In the closing speech of Tolea is a symbol of appreciation. The two functions of Tolea's utterance in the Mosehe Wonua ritual in Kolaka District, which contains a prominent religious significance in the Mosehe Wanua ritual ceremony of the Tolaki community in Mekongga Southeast Sulawesi is a form of public confidence in the influence of ancestors and customs in every procession
A Widely Spoken Lesser-Taught Language: Portuguese in British Higher Education
Authors: Marques Pedro
Published: May 2019

This paper sets out to investigate the state of play of Portuguese language education in British Higher Education. Drawing on the cues provided by Portuguese studies lecturer Rhian Atkin in a 2016 talk, I bring together existing data on Portuguese language education
in the UK, and promotional and academic discourses on what the Portuguese language is to argue that there is a gap between the fact that Portuguese is one of the most widely spoken languages and its relatively peripheral position in the economy of world languages.
This perception gap prevents the development of policies grounded on local realities, and the strengthening of the rationale for the learning of the language.
A Viagem de Anne Seymour Damer a Lisboa (1790-1791) e a Representação de Portugal Pitoresco, Católico e Sentimentalista como Espaço de Convalescença e Aprendizagem em Belmour (1801) e na Correspondência da Escultora
Authors: Puga Rogério Miguel
Published: May 2019

In 1790-1791, the British sculptor Anne Seymour Damer (1749-1828) travels to Lisbon for health reasons. Damer describes the picturesque city and its environs in several letters to her friends back home, and she starts her novel Belmour (1801) in the Portuguese capital. This article analyses the realistic representation of Lisbon (as a place of recovery) and Sintra (as a space of evasion and sentimental learning) – through themes and narrative strategies such as religion, health recovery, the cultural Other and ethnographic and historical landscapes – in both the author’s letters and novel, which echo several contemporary British travel narratives about Portugal.
“Anti-Slave Trade Cruzader”: Lord Holland’s Contribution to the Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade and its Impact on the Anglo-Portuguese Political and Diplomatic Relations
Authors: Baptista de Sousa José
Published: May 2019

This article investigates the role of Lord Holland in the abolition of the Slave Trade and in the enforcement of abolition on other nations. Holland, nephew of Charles James Fox, was the embodiment of Whig idealism, yet there was ambiguity in his position. In the frst place
much of Holland’s income came from a sugar plantation in Jamaica so that his support for the abolition of slavery itself was highly qualifed. Secondly, Holland was an ardent lusophile and British attempts to suppress the Portuguese Slave Trade produced strains in an alliance that had lasted since the fourteenth century.
FUNCTIONING OF THE FINANCIAL MARKETS
Authors: Cvijanovic Drago , Milojevic Ivan , Mihajlovic Milan
Published: May 2019

From an economic point of view, a particularly important system within a country is the economic system without whose proper functioning it would not be possible for the survival, growth and development of the entire community.The financial system is one of the most important subsystems within the economic system. It is a system consisting of several elements that should enable a smooth flow of financial resources in a socio - economic community. Its basic characteristics are dynamism, openness and complexity. The most important elements of the financial system are financial markets, financial institutions and financial actors.The financial market is a basic and inseparable part of the financial system of every market economy and represents an organized place and space for which it is sought, ie. offer financial resources and on which, depending on the offer and demand, the price of these funds is formed.