bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential and non-essential elements in the bowhead whale: epidermis-based predictions of blubber, kidney, liver and muscle tissue concentrations
Authors: O'Hara Todd M. , Hanns Cyd , Woshner Victoria M. , Zeh Judy , Bratton Gerald , Taylor Robert
Published: February 2023

Assessment of element concentrations in wildlife must address both nutritional and toxicological considerations. The liver, epidermis, muscle and kidney of the bowhead whale are rich in some essential and non-essential elements. Blubber tends to have lower concentrations of these elements. Various cetaceans have been evaluated for these elements using a variety of sample sources (live and dead stranded whales, bycaught animals, remote and capture-release biopsy techniques, hunter killed whales etc). One constant shared by these approaches is the sampling of epidermis and adjacent dermis (blubber). In this study, the ability of elemental concentrations in bowhead whale epidermal samples to predict the corresponding elemental concentrations in blubber, kidney, liver and muscle is investigated. Epidermal concentrations had no predictive value for copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) or zinc (Zn) in any of the other tissues evaluated, except that the epidermal measurement provided an upper bound for blubber concentration of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn. Epidermal concentrations of the four other elements considered were predictive for some other tissues. Arsenic (As) concentrations could be predicted in kidney, liver and muscle but not blubber, although the preponderance of samples with concentrations below the minimum level reported (MLR, also known as ‘detection limit’) and the small sample sizes that resulted from their omission suggest that these data should be interpreted with caution. Epidermal concentrations of cadmium (Cd) were strongly predictive for blubber and weakly predictive for muscle concentrations. Epidermal concentrations of mercury (Hg) were weakly predictive of blubber, liver and muscle concentrations. Epidermal concentrations of magnesium (Mg) were strongly predictive in blubber, kidney and liver but only weakly predictive in muscle. Thus epidermal biopsy cannot predict elemental concentrations in four key tissues in bowhead whales in most cases. Cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) were not detected in any epidermal samples. This inability of epidermal element concentrations to reflect concentrations in internal tissues is likely true for other mysticetes and perhaps for cetaceans in general. At a minimum, before using epidermal biopsies to predict internal tissue concentrations of elements, researchers must establish that a sound scientific basis exists for doing so. Such proof must be specific to the elements, species and tissues in question as well as based upon statistically adequate sample sizes.
Estimates of large whale abundance in West Greenland waters from an aerial survey in 2005
Authors: Heide-Jørgensen M. P. , Borchers D. L. , Witting L. , Laidre K. L. , Simon M. J. , Rosing-Asvid A. , Pike D. G.
Published: February 2023

An aerial line transect and cue counting survey of large whales in West Greenland was conducted in August and September 2005. The survey covered the area between Cape Farewell and Disko Island on the West Greenland coast out to the 200m depth contour. The surveyed area covered 163,574km2 and a total of 246 sightings of 9 cetacean species were obtained. Abundance estimates were developed for humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae (21 sightings), fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus (78 sightings) and common minke whales, B. acutorostrata (42 sightings). The mean group size of humpback whales was 3.30 but groups as large as 95 animals were seen off effort. The mean group size of fin whales was 2.96 with groups as large as 50 seen. Common minke whale group size was 1.1 with only one sighting of a group of two whales. Humpback whales were found both in offshore and coastal areas of West Greenland with the exception of Store Hellefiske Bank and the Cape Farewell offshore area. The line transect abundance estimate of humpback whales was 1,218 (CV=0.56), uncorrected for submerged whales (availability bias) and whales that were available to be seen but were missed by the observers (perception bias). Fin whales were observed in all areas of the survey and the uncorrected line transect estimate was 1,660 (CV=0.38). When corrected for perception bias the estimates increases to 3,234 fin whales (CV=0.44). Common minke whales were found in almost equal densities in all strata except for the Cape Farewell offshore area, where none were seen. The cue-counting abundance estimate of common minke whales was 4,856 (CV=0.49) for West Greenland using a cue rate of 46.3 cues per hour (CV=0.11). If the estimate is corrected for perception bias the common minke whale abundance is estimated to be 10,792 whales (CV=0.59). Low coverage was attained in the northern area of West Greenland and this should cause an especially large negative bias for the estimates of fin whale and humpback whale abundance because this area is believed to have particularly large densities of these whales.
Click train patterns of free-ranging harbour porpoises acquired using T-PODs may be useful as indicators of their behaviour
Authors: Koschinski Sven , Diederichs Ansgar , Amundin Mats
Published: February 2023

Harbour porpoise signals consist of directional, high frequency stereotypic clicks which can be logged using T-PODs. Variation in interclick intervals (ICIs) can be used to distinguish different acoustic behaviours. So far, studies on ICI variation are mostly descriptive and the behavioural context in which certain click train patterns are emitted is poorly understood. In this study, the behaviour of free-ranging porpoises was quantified by using typical ICI patterns known from the literature. These were recorded using two T-PODs deployed at a wind farm site (Nysted, Denmark) between 14 June and 12 July 2005 and during the entanglement of a porpoise calf in a gillnet (Clayoquot Sound Canada). It was possible to distinguish between feeding, approach behaviour and communication and known ICI patterns associated with these behaviours were used to categorise acoustic data. During feeding typical click trains start with long ICIs (30-70ms) and end with ICIs down to about 2ms. In a transition phase ICIs rapidly decrease. Click trains attributed to feeding were found in the wind farm data at a rate of 6.3d–1 (n=174) with a patchy distribution. We found 20 to 74s long click train sequences with ICIs gradually decreasing from a median of 72ms (range 34 to 143ms) down to 5ms at a rate of 1.6day–1 (n=45). This was interpreted as approach behaviour, in which the animal was acoustically ‘locked on’ to a reflective structure. Communication signals are built up of click trains with very short ICIs (<7.7ms). During the entanglement of a porpoise calf, three different call types were determined at a rate of 8.9min–1 (n=89). One call with variable duration (100 to 890ms) and relatively stable ICIs as low as 3.6ms resembled ‘distress calls’ described by Amundin (1991b). Another call type with durations from 780 to 830ms and ICIs ranging from 3.0 to 10 ms and thus different with respect to ICI curve progression was found only three times. These had a U-shaped ICI curve, similar to an ‘alarm’ or ‘fright’ call described by Busnel and Dziedzic (1966). A third and previously unreported call is characterised by a long call duration (up to 1,270ms) and sometimes oscillating ICIs with an initial decrease from about 9ms to around 7ms and an increase towards the end. The data presented suggest that the T-POD is a promising tool for behavioural studies. It is possible to recognise certain acoustic behavioural categories described in the literature, but it is important to look at the temporal context with other vocalisations in T-POD data, such as ICIs of preceding click trains.
Age estimates for female eastern and whitebelly spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) incidentally killed in the eastern tropical Pacific tuna purse-seine fishery from 1973-82
Authors: Chivers Susan J. , Larese Jason P.
Published: February 2023

Age was estimated from teeth for 1,267 female eastern spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris orientalis) and 1,071 female whitebelly spinner dolphins (S. longirostris) incidentally killed in the eastern tropical Pacific yellowfin tuna purse-seine fishery between 1973 and 1982. The final age assigned to each specimen was the mean of two readers’ age estimates made independently and without knowledge of the corresponding biological data for each specimen. The oldest eastern spinner dolphin was estimated to be 24.5 years and the oldest whitebelly spinner dolphin was 26 years. Age bias plots revealed nonlinear systematic bias between readers while a measure of overall precision, coefficient of variation (CV), indicated equivalent difficulty in estimating age for each population. The age frequency distributions generated in this study document the age structure of dolphins sampled from the observed incidental kill, which will facilitate further assessments of the impact of the fishery on these dolphins.
A note on the use of dolphins as bait in the artisanal fisheries off Bahía Solano, Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Avila Isabel Cristina , Garcia Carolina , Bastidas Juan Carlos
Published: February 2023

Dolphin hunting for fishing bait in Bahía Solano, Chocó, Colombia, was evaluated during eight months, between July 2005 and April 2006. Interviews were conducted with 122 fishermen (18.2% of the registered fishermen in the zone), who cover at most 890km2 when fishing (approximately 2.3% of the Pacific Territorial Sea of Colombia), and data obtained from landings at a fishing company. Only fishermen using longlines (37.3%) confirmed using dolphins as bait. It was not possible to obtain additional information about date, specific location or dolphin species, but the most probable captured species were common bottlenose dolphin and pantropical spotted dolphin. Nine dolphins were killed during the study period (1.1 dolphins/month) and extrapolating these numbers to all fishermen using longlines in the region (250), 24 dolphins might have been taken during the study period (3 dolphins/month). Fish species caught using dolphin bait include Pacific bearded brotula, groupers and smooth-hound.
A note on the modelling of MSY-related parameters when population dynamics are stochastic
Authors: Punt Andre E.
Published: February 2023

A method is outlined for calculating the values for the parameters which determine MSYR and MSYL in the types of population dynamics models on which Implementation Simulation Trials and Evaluation Trials are based in the face of environmental variability in fecundity (birth rate) and survival. The method is illustrated using a minke whale-like biology in which MSYR is defined in terms of harvesting of the mature female component of the population. Results are shown for various levels of environmental variation in survival and fecundity
Applications of Quantum Computing in Health Sector
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Waqas , Iqbal Murtza  , Muhammad Abdullah Arshad
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of quantum computing in the health sector and to explore its potential future applications. Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize a wide range of industries, including healthcare, by greatly enhancing the speed and accuracy of various tasks such as drug discovery, personalized medicine, and medical imaging. A literature review of the existing literature on the use of quantum computing in the health sector is conducted, revealing the various applications of quantum computing in the health sector and the current state of research in this area. The paper concludes that while the technology is still in its early stages of development, quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize the health sector, however, further studies are needed to fully understand the implications of quantum computing in healthcare.
 
Received: 12 January 2023 | Revised: 9 February 2023 | Accepted: 10 February 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Catastrophe
Authors: Hermesse Julie , Frogneux Nathalie , García Acosta Virginia
Published: February 2023

La catastrophe désigne un évènement brutal, à large échelle, entraînant des conséquences négatives irréversibles. Regroupant des évènements largement hétérogènes (guerres, épidémies, sécheresses, grands feux, inondations, perte de biodiversité, naufrage d’œuvres d’art…), la notion de catastrophe, parente de celle d’effondrement ou de sinistre, peut être définie comme un syndrome.
A Review of the Factors Impacting Coffee Cultivators (Growers) and the use of Plantation Agriculture Schemes
Authors: V. A. Namreen Asif , Panakaje Niyaz
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The major plantation crop in India is coffee, which is also a wide application marketed product on the global market. The study's primary objective is to identify and investigate the factors influencing coffee growers and to comprehend the difficulties faced by coffee Cultivators (Planters/growers) in the cultivation of coffee. The sustainability idea places a value on maintaining productive rural systems, using and regulating farm resources, preserving biodiversity, and taking environmental steps to restore soil fertility also to comprehend the programs relating to the Coffee Board's activities, agricultural finance, financial institutions, and the Karnataka & Codagu Planters Association.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This review paper examines the review on coffee cultivators using secondary data from journal papers and scholarly research publications.
Results/ Findings: There are several challenges faced by coffee producers. The notion of sustainability focuses mostly on conventional agricultural practices for maintaining life, the use and maintenance of agricultural resources, the preservation of biodiversity, and ecological methods to restore soil fertility. Our research shows that there is an absence of information on the how, where, and why of various changes in land use and landscape, as well as how these changes may impact coffee production, farmer livelihoods, ecosystem services, and other facets of sustainable development. These changes could have positive or negative effects on the sustainability of the coffee industry. The farmer faced a number of problems. Due to the Coffee Board's monopoly over the buying and selling of coffee, producers did not be paid fairly.
Originality/Value: The focus of this research is to evaluate coffee Cultivators/ growers' access (Planters. List the initiatives that the Karnataka & Codagu Planters Association, financial institutions, the Coffee Board, agricultural financing, and several agricultural banks have implemented for coffee growers.
Type of Paper: Review of literature.
Controle social e o indivíduo: o caso do Fundo Nacional do Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE)
Authors:   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, PILATTI Luiz A. , IMAMURA Marcos M. ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, PEREIRA Gabrielly de Q. ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Published: February 2023

O presente estudo objetiva analisar a eficácia do controle social no Fundo Nacional do Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE). Trata-se de um estudo de caso de procedimento documental e abordagem qualitativa. Os dados levantados foram submetidos à técnica da análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que o controle social, apesar de aparecer no discurso do FNDE, apresenta eficácia bastante limitada. A estrutura interna de controle, necessária para o controle social, é insuficiente. Conclui-se que a voz do indivíduo nem sempre é escutada.
Políticas públicas e inclusión financiera en México
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, RAMOS Bryan A.
Published: February 2023

El presente proyecto realiza a través de una metodología descriptiva documental el análisis y el impacto de las políticas públicas y estrategias implementadas en inclusión financiera en México. Para ello, se evalúan si los procesos de formulación y definición de este problema público cuenta con los criterios necesarios para su impacto en la sociedad y que elementos son necesarios para una mejor formulación. El análisis pretende aportar respuestas a las brechas existentes de una sociedad mejor informada en temas financieros.
Estimating charging demand by modelling EV drivers' parking patterns and habits
Authors: Macaluso Piero
Published: February 2023

The diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) requires a proper charging infrastructure to supply users the chance to charge their vehicles according to energy, time, and space needs. Thus, city planners and stakeholders need decision support tools to estimate the impacts of potential charging activities and compare alternative scenarios. The paper proposes a modelling approach to represent parking activities in urban areas and obtain key indicators of the electric energy required. The agent-based model reproduces the dynamics of user parking and assesses the impacts on the electricity grid during the day. Since the focus is on parking activities, no detailed data on vehicle trips are required to apply the standard demand modelling approach, which would require Origin-Destination matrices to simulate traffic flows on the road network. Preliminary results concerning the city of Turin are presented for simulated scenarios to identify zones where charging demand can be critical and peak events in electric power over the day. The model is designed to be scalable for all European cities because, as the case study shows, it uses available data. The results obtained can be used for the design of charging infrastructure (power and type) by zones.
Uncovering the Obstacles—A Typology of Environmental and Contextual Factors Affecting Occupational Participation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kirschner Leon , Doyle Nancy W. , Desport Brigitte C.
Published: February 2023

Importance: Environmental and contextual factors may facilitate or limit participation in daily activities. A detailed, systematic categorization of such factors enhances evaluation and intervention and promotes occupational engagement.

Objective: To develop an inclusive, detailed, and comprehensive typology of terms for environmental and contextual factors that affect occupational engagement and participation.

Data Sources: We searched the Avery Index of Architectural Periodicals, ERIC, EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Engineering Village databases, using the keywords environment, factors, context, participation, people, disability, disabilities, aspects, barriers, assessment, and evaluation.

Study Selection and Data Collection: Using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology, two reviewers screened and selected publications describing specific aspects of environmental and contextual factors that facilitate or diminish human occupational engagement or participation.

Findings: Forty-three articles and two book chapters published in English between 1997 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. Terms extracted from this literature were iteratively screened and categorized. The resulting typology is organized into four areas with 12 categories and 53 specific terms. The typology’s terms allow more fine-grained analysis of environmental factors described in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (4th ed.) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Conclusions and Relevance: This typology provides occupational therapy practitioners with detailed language to identify, assess, intervene with, and research environmental and contextual factors that affect participation and participation choices of individuals, groups, and populations.

What This Article Adds: The typology provides a comprehensive terminology for occupational therapy professionals and students to use, assess, and intervene at the environmental and contextual levels, thereby facilitating participation for more people.
Navigating Ethical Tensions When Working to Address Social Inequities
Authors: McArdle Hannah , Barlott Tim , McBryde Cathy , Shevellar Lynda , Branjerdporn Nataya
Published: February 2023

Importance: When providing services, occupational therapists encounter social inequities that affect the health and well-being of their clients and create ethical tensions.

Objective: To develop an understanding of the ethical tensions encountered by occupational therapists working with clients experiencing social inequity and how such tensions are navigated.

Design: This qualitative study used an interpretive description methodology.

Setting: Community and tertiary health settings.

Participants: Fifteen occupational therapists who identified as working with clients experiencing social inequity.

Outcomes and Measures: Semistructured interviews were used to explore participants’ practice experiences. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: Two themes were identified in relation to participants’ experiences of ethical tensions: (a) perpetuating inequities and (b) experiencing conflicting values. A further three themes were identified in relation to how participants identified and navigated these tensions: (a) taking action, (b) seeking support, and (c) ensuring integrity and accountability.

Conclusions and Relevance: Ethical tensions frequently emerged when systemic health contexts were not responsive to social inequities or created barriers to health care access. Occupational therapists felt a sense of responsibility to take action to address inequity, which led them to stretch boundaries and roles. Having informal and formal supports, and confidence in the scope of their practice, helped the occupational therapists to navigate ethical tensions with integrity and accountability. Increased avenues for support that incorporate reflexivity offer an opportunity for occupational therapists to engage in dialogue about social inequities and ethical practice.

What This Article Adds: This article explores the types of ethical tensions occupational therapists experience when addressing social inequities and provides insights into how such tensions are managed.
Influence of the Competitive Level and Weight Class on Technical Performance and Physiological and Psychophysiological Responses during Simulated Mixed Martial Arts Fights: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Folhes Orlando , Reis Víctor , Marques Diogo , Neiva Henrique , Marques Mario
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the competitive level and weight class on technical performance and physiological and psychophysiological responses during simulated MMA fights. Twenty MMA male athletes were divided into four groups: heavyweight elite (HWE;n=6), lightweight elite (LWE;n=3), heavyweight professional (HWP;n=4), and lightweight professional (LWP;n=7). All athletes performed four simulated fights of three 5-min rounds with a 1-min rest interval. Each fight was recorded using a video camera to analyze offensive and defensive actions. Moreover, the following measures were made: heart rate (before and after each round), blood lactate concentration (before and after the fight), readiness state (before each round), and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (after each round). The main findings were: i)LWE athletes applied more offensive touches than LWP athletes; ii) HWP athletes presented higher heart rate values than LWP athletes after the first round; however, LWP athletes presented greater heart rate changes than HWP athletes from the first to the second round; iii) no differences existed between groups in blood lactate concentration and readiness state; and iv) HWP and LWP athletes presented higher RPE values than LWE athletes in the first and third rounds; however, LWE athletes presented greater RPE changes than HWE, HWP, and LWP athletes from the first to the second and third rounds. This study shows that LWE athletes apply more offensive touches than LWP athletes during simulated MMA fights. Moreover, lightweight athletes tend to increase their physiological demands as the combat evolves, which is also reflected in their RPE.
Heart Rate Variability and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth Populations: The Impact of Heart Rate on Data Analysis
Authors: Plaza-Florido Abel , Sacha Jerzy , Alcantara Juan M. A.
Published: February 2023

The positive association between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth populations is unclear. In this regard, several methodological aspects related to heart rate variability analysis could partially explain the disagreement between studies. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the influence of the heart rate on data analysis is unclear. In the present short communication, we discuss the impact of the heart rate on the associations between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. In addition, we proposed some aspects that should be considered for statistical analyses when the relationship between heart rate variability and cardiorespiratory fitness is studied. Finally, we should acknowledge that these recommendations may be applicable for other health-related outcomes different than cardiorespiratory fitness (e.g., inflammatory markers, cognition, cardiovascular disease status).
Foot Cooling between Interval Bouts Enhances Repeated Lower Limb Power Performance: The Role of Delaying Fatigue
Authors: Wu Chih-Min , Ho Jen-Yu , Wang Wen-Yi , Cai Zong-Yan
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to investigate whether interbout foot cooling (FC) may enhance repeated lower limb power performance and the corresponding physiological responses based on interset FC, which has been demonstrated to enhance leg-press performance. In a repeated-measures crossover design, ten active men (aged 21.5 ± 1.5 years, exercising >3 times per week) performed four bouts of 10-s cycle ergometer sprints with interbout FC at 10°C water for 2.5 min or non-cooling (NC) with a 5-day interval. The results indicated that FC elicited higher total work (27.57 ± 5.66 kJ vs. 26.55 ± 5.76 kJ) and arousal scores than NC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, under the NC condition, participants decreased mean power (p < 0.05) with no alteration of vastus lateralis (VL) electromyography (EMG) activities after the second bout; whereas under the FC condition, participants maintained steady mean power accompanied by increased VL EMG activities in the last two bouts (p < 0.05). Jointly, participants had higher mean power ([3rd = 10.14 ± 1.15 vs. 9.37 ± 1.30; 4th= 9.79 ± 1.22 vs. 9.23 ± 1.27] W/kg) and VL EMG activities in the last two bouts under the FC than NC condition (p < 0.05). However, perceived exertion and the heart rate were comparable between the two conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, interbout FC elicited a higher arousal level and repeated lower limb power performance, which could be explained by delaying peripheral fatigue via increasing excitatory drive and recruiting additional motor units to compensate for fatigue-related responses and power decrements.
Un nuevo testimonio manuscrito de las Cartas de Quevedo dirigidas a los jesuitas Pedro Pimentel y Juan Antonio Velázquez
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Mercedes
Published: February 2023

RESUMEN: Las fuentes documentales que contienen la correspondencia de Quevedo que ha llegado hasta nosotros se encuentran principalmente en la Biblioteca Nacional de España, en el Archivo Histórico Nacional, en la Hispanic Society of America y en la Biblioteca Menéndez Pelayo de Santander. La incorporación, hace algo más de dos años, de un nuevo manuscrito a la Biblioteca Nacional de España, convierte a este establecimiento en la institución que alberga la mayor y mejor colección de cartas de Quevedo: las dirigidas a Sancho de Sandoval (autógrafas en su mayor parte), al duque de Medinaceli y a Francisco de Oviedo y, ahora, las escritas a los jesuitas Pedro Pimentel y Juan Antonio Velázquez. De estas últimas cartas existe una copia en un manuscrito de la Hispanic Society of America que formó parte de la biblioteca de Gregorio Mayans. Según el testimonio que precede a las cartas, estas fueron copiadas de otro manuscrito. La incorporación, tras atravesar dos subastas, de un nuevo manuscrito a la Biblioteca Nacional con copias de esas cartas, plantea la posibilidad de que se trate del que sirvió de modelo a aquella copia. En este artículo vamos a revisar esta posibilidad a través del cotejo del contenido de ambos documentos.

ABSTRACT: The documental sources that contain the Quevedo’s correspondence that has reached us can mainly be found in the Biblioteca Nacional de España, the Archivo Histórico Nacional, the Hispanic Society of America, and the Biblioteca Menéndez Pelayo in Santander. The incorporation, over two years ago, of a new manuscript in the Biblioteca Nacional de España, has made this institution the one with the largest and of the highest quality collection of Quevedo’s letters: those addressed to Sancho de Sandoval  (mostly holographs), to the Duke of Medinaceli and to Francisco de Oviedo, and now, those written to the Jesuits Pedro Pimentel and Juan Antonio Velázquez. There is a copy of these last letters in a manuscript of the Hispanic Society of America that was part of the library of Gregorio Mayans. According to the testimony that precedes these letters, they were copied from another manuscript. The incorporation, after going through two auctions, of a new manuscript in the Biblioteca Nacional de España with copies of these letters has risen the possibility that this new manuscript served as a model for that copy. The aim of this paper is to analyze this possibility by collating the content of both documents.
Comparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Laminates With and Without Natural Fiber Reinforcement
Authors: Chanan Mochamad , Prakosa Galit Gatut , Kurniawan Aditya Galih
Published: February 2023

Present study of engineered bamboo as an alternative to wood aims to determine the difference of physical-mechanical properties, as well as correlation of the observed properties consist of moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity (Eapp), and modulus of rupture (SR). Bambusa blumeana Schult. & Schult. F and Gigantochloa atroviolacea Widjaja, Agave sisalana Perrine, Hibiscus cannabinus L, and urea-formaldehyde resin as an adhesive used to produce natural-fibre-reinforced and non-reinforced laminated bamboo lumber (LBL). Specimen dimension accordance with ASTM standard D143-14. Test methods and equations accordance with ASTM standard D198-15. Statistical analysis includes analysis of variance, correlation, and regression. Result show properties of the interactions within AO, AK, AS, BO, BK, and BS ranged between 6,40% to 8,00% on MC, 0,62 g/cm3 to 0,74 g/cm3 on density, 12,71 GPa to 37, 70 GPa on MOE, and 62,64 MPa to 104,24 MPa on MOR respectively. Relationship between variables revealed linear negative correlation between MC versus density (R = –0,786), and MC versus MOR (R = –0,666). Linear positive correlation between density versus MOE (R = 0,508), density versus MOR (R = –0,578), and MOE versus MOR (R = –0,793).
Duration of extraction determines CO2 and CH4 emissions from an actively extracted peatland in eastern Quebec, Canada
Authors: Clark Laura , Strachan Ian B. , Strack Maria , Roulet Nigel T. , Knorr Klaus-Holger , Teickner Henning
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Draining and extracting peat alters the conditions that
control CO2 and CH4 emissions. Carbon (C) emissions from peatlands
undergoing horticultural peat extraction are not well constrained due to a
lack of measurements. We determine the effect that production duration
(years of extraction) has on the CO2 and CH4 emissions from an
actively extracted peatland over 3 years of measurements (2018–2020). We
studied five sectors identified by the year when extraction began (1987,
2007, 2010, 2013, 2016). Greater average CO2 and CH4 emissions
were measured from the drainage ditches (CO2:
2.05 ± 0.12 g C m−2 d−1; CH4:
72.0 ± 18.0 mg C m−2 d−1)
compared to the field surface (CO2: 0.9 ± 0.06 g C m−2 d−1; CH4: 9.2 ± 4.0 mg C m−2 d−1) regardless of
sector. For peat fields, CO2 fluxes were highest in the youngest
sector, which opened in 2016 (1.5 ± 0.2 g C m−2 d−1). The
four older sectors all had similar mean CO2 fluxes
(∼ 0.65 g C m−2 d−1) that were statistically different from the mean
2016 CO2 flux. A spatial effect on CO2 fluxes was observed solely
within the 2016 sector, where CO2 emissions were highest from the
centre of the peat field and declined towards the drainage ditches. These
observations occur due to operators contouring surfaces to facilitate
drainage. The domed shape and subsequent peat removal resulted in a
difference in surface peat age hence different humification and lability.
In addition, 14C dating confirmed that the peat contained within the 2016 sector was
younger than peat within the 2007 sector and that peat age is younger toward
the centre of the field in both sectors. Humification indices derived from
mid-infrared spectrometry (MIRS) (1630/1090 cm−1) indicated that peat
humification increases with increasing years of extraction. Laboratory
incubation experiments showed that CO2 production potentials of surface
peat samples from the 2016 sector increased toward the centre of the field
and were greater than for samples taken from the 1987 and 2007 sectors. Our
results indicate that peatlands under extraction are a net source of C, where
emissions are high in the first few years after opening a field for
extraction and then decline to about half the initial value and remain at
this level for several decades, and the ditches remain a 2 to 3 times
greater source than the fields but represent <3.5 % of the total
area of a field.
Glacial Meltwater in the Southeast Amundsen Sea: A timeseries from 1994–2020
Authors: Hennig Andrew Nicholas , Mucciarone David A. , Jacobs Stanley S. , Mortlock Richard A. , Dunbar Robert B.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Ice sheet mass loss from Antarctica is greatest in the Amundsen Sea sector, where ‘warm’ deep seawater melts and thins the bases of ice shelves hundreds of meters below the sea surface. We use nearly 1000 paired salinity and oxygen isotope analyses of seawater samples collected on seven expeditions from 1994 to 2020 to produce a time series of glacial meltwater inventory on the Southeast Amundsen Sea continental shelf. Water column salinity-ẟ18O yield freshwater endmember ẟ18O values from −30.2 ‰ to −28.4 ‰, demonstrating that regional freshwater content is dominated by deep glacial melt. The meltwater fractions display temporal variability in basal melting, with 800 m water column meltwater inventories from 7.7 m to 9.2 m. This result corroborates recent studies suggesting interannual variability in basal melt rates of West Antarctic ice shelves and is consistent with the Amundsen region’s influence on ocean salinity and density downstream in the Ross Sea.
Observations and modelling of tidally generated high-frequency velocity fluctuations downstream of a channel constriction
Authors: Espenes Håvard , Isachsen Pål Erik , Nøst Ole Anders
Published: February 2023

Abstract. We investigate data from an ADCP deployed in a constricted ocean channel showing a tidally dominated flow with intermittent velocity extrema during outflow from the constriction but not during inflow. A 2D numerical ocean model forced by tides is used to examine the spatial flow structure and underlying dynamical processes. We find that flow separation eddies generated near the tightest constriction point form a dipole pair which propagates downstream and drives the observed intermittent flow variability. The eddies, which are generated by an along-channel adverse pressure gradient, spin up for some time near the constriction until they develop local low pressures in their centres that are strong enough to modify the background along-channel pressure gradient significantly. When the dipole has propagated some distance away from the constriction, the conditions for flow separation are recovered, and new eddies are formed.
AerSett v1.0: a simple and straightforward model for the settling speed of big spherical atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Mailler Sylvain , Menut Laurent , Cholakian Arineh , Pennel Romain
Published: February 2023

Abstract. This study introduces AerSett v1.0 (AERosol SETTling version 1.0), a model giving the settling speed of big spherical aerosols in the atmosphere without going through an iterative equation resolution. We prove that, for all spherical atmospheric aerosols with diameter D up to 1000 µm, this direct and explicit method including the drag coefficient formulation of Clift and Gauvin (1971) and the Davies (1945) slip correction factor gives results within 2 % of the exact solution obtained from the numerical resolution of a non-linear fixed-point equation. This error is acceptable considering the uncertainties on the drag coefficient formulations themselves. For D<100 µm, the error is below 0.5 %. We provide a Fortran implementation of this simple and straightforward model, hoping that more chemistry–transport models (CTMs) and general circulation models will be able to take into account large-particle drag correction to the settling speed of big spherical aerosol particles in the atmosphere, without performing an iterative and time-consuming calculation.
How economically and environmentally viable are multiple dams? A hydro-economic analysis using a landscape-based hydrological model at the basin scale
Authors: Ekka Anjana , Jiang Yong , Pande Saket , van der Zaag Pieter
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The construction of dams threats the health of watershed ecosystems. To address the health challenge requires a clear understanding of the hydrologic effects of multiple dams with concurrent disturbances at the basin scale and their impact on watershed ecosystems. The purpose of the study is to illustrate how multiple dams in a basin can impact hydrological flow regimes and subsequently aquatic ecosystems that depend on river flows. This study develops a hydro-economic approach to assessing the effects of multiple dams on river ecosystem services under varying scenarios of spatially located reservoirs in the Upper Cauvery River basin, a heavily altered river basin in India. The approach integrates a landscape-based hydrological model with an embedded reservoir operations model to support hydro-economic analysis at the basin scale. The hydrological impacts of different combinations of reservoirs are quantified using Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA). Further, the production of two major ecosystem services, fish species richness and agricultural production, that depend on flow regimes is estimated, with a production possibility frontier for the two services derived. Results show that smaller reservoirs on lower-order streams that maximize the economic value of water stored are better for the basin economy and the environment than bigger reservoirs. Growing high-value crops in a command area can maximize the value of stored water and, with lower storage, generate similar economic value while reducing hydrological alterations. The proposed approach can help water and river basin managers to understand the provision of ecosystem services in hydrologically altered basins, optimize dam operations, or even prioritize dam removal with the balanced provision of ecosystem services.
Increased spatial extent and likelihood of compound long-duration dry and hot events in China, 1961–2014
Authors: Yang Yi , Maraun Douglas , Ossó Albert , Tang Jianping
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Compound dry and hot events can cause aggregated damage
compared with isolated hazards. Although increasing attention has been paid
to compound dry and hot events, the persistence of such hazards is rarely
investigated. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the simultaneous
evolution process of such hazards in space and time. Based on observations
during 1961–2014, the spatiotemporal characteristics of compound
long-duration dry and hot (LDDH) events in China during the summer season
are investigated on both a grid basis and a 3D event basis. Grid-scale LDDH
events mainly occur in eastern China, especially over northeastern areas.
Most regions have experienced a pronounced increase in the likelihood of
LDDH events, which is dominated by increasing temperatures. From a 3D
perspective, 146 spatiotemporal LDDH (SLDDH) events are detected and grouped
into 9 spatial patterns. Over time, there is a significant increase in
the frequency and spatial extent of SLDDH events. Consistent with the grid-scale
LDDH events, hotspots of SLDDH events mainly occur in northern China, such
as the Northeast China, North China and Qinghai clusters, which are accompanied by
a high occurrence frequency and large affected areas greater than 300 000 km2.
Coupling the regional climate MAR model with the ice sheet model PISM mitigates the melt-elevation positive feedback
Authors: Delhasse Alison , Beckmann Johanna , Kittel Christoph , Fettweis Xavier
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet is a key contributor to sea level rise. By melting, the ice sheet thins, inducing higher surface melt due to lower surface elevations, accelerating the melt coming from global warming. This process is called the melt-elevation feedback that can be considered by using two types of models: atmospheric models, which can represent the surface mass balance, usually using a fixed surface elevation, and the ice sheet models, which represent the surface elevation evolution but do not represent the surface mass balance as well as atmospheric models. A new coupling between the regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) and the ice sheet model PISM (Parallel Ice Sheet Model) is presented here following the CESM2 (SSP5-8.5) scenario until 2100 at the MAR lateral boundaries. The coupling is extended to 2200 with a stabilised climate (+ 7 °C compared to 1961–1990) by randomly sampling the last 10 years of CESM2 to force MAR and reaches a sea level rise contribution of 64 cm. The fully coupled simulation is compared to a 1-way experiment where surface topography remains fixed in MAR. However, the surface mass balance is corrected to the melt-elevation feedback when extrapolated on the PISM grid by using surface mass balance vertical gradients as a function of local elevation variations (offline correction). This method is often used to represent the melt-elevation feedback and avoid a coupling expensive in computation time. In the fully-coupled MAR simulation, the ice sheet morphology evolution (changing slope and reducing the orographic barrier) induces changes in local atmospheric circulation. More specifically, wind regimes are modified which influences the melt rate at the ice sheet margins. We highlighted a mitigation of the melt lapse rate on the margins by modifying the surface morphology. The lapse rates considered by the offline correction are no longer valid at the ice sheet margins. If used (1-way simulation), this correction implies an overestimation of the sea level rise contribution of 2.5 %. The mitigation of the melt lapse rate on the margins can only be corrected by using a full coupling between an ice-sheet model and an atmospheric model.
Introducing a data-driven approach to predict site-specific leading-edge erosion from mesoscale weather simulations
Authors: Visbech Jens , Göçmen Tuhfe , Hasager Charlotte Bay , Shkalov Hristo , Handberg Morten , Nielsen Kristian Pagh
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Modeling leading-edge erosion has been a challenging task due to its multidisciplinary nature involving several variables such as weather conditions, blade coating properties, and operational characteristics. While the process of wind turbine blade erosion is often described by engineering models that rely on the well-known Springer model, there is a glaring need for modeling approaches supported by field data. This paper presents a data-driven framework for modeling erosion damage based on blade inspections from several wind farms in northern Europe and mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. The outcome of the framework is a machine-learning-based model that can be used to predict and/or forecast leading-edge erosion damage based on weather data/simulations and user-specified wind turbine characteristics. The model is based on feedforward artificial neural networks utilizing ensemble learning for robust training and validation. The model output fits directly into the damage terminology used by industry and can therefore support site-specific planning and scheduling of repairs as well as budgeting of operation and maintenance costs.
The Analysis of Vocational Nurses' Perceptions of the Suitability of Graduate Competencies with the World of Work in Jambi City in 2022
Authors: Aguspairi  , Ginting Marinawati , Silitonga Sondang , Usman Ismail
Published: February 2023

This study aims to look at the description of vocational nurses' perceptions of the competencies obtained during their education on campus with those faced in the world of work after working, especially in hospitals. So far, nursing vocational higher education in Indonesia in the learning process has implemented the concept of link and match, this is in line with current government policy, the government gives full attention to vocational education. The design used in this study is a survey method using online questionnaire filling techniques using google form. The results showed that most respondents stated that their competence was appropriate or aligned between the knowledge gained while on campus and when working in the hospital. so far, the nursing vocational higher education curriculum applies the concept of link and match in the learning process. In the learning process, students obtain various forms of learning experiences, including learning experiences in the classroom, laboratory, clinical and field vehicles, and are equipped with learning facilities and infrastructure that are in accordance with standards and a high percentage of semester credit for laboratory, clinical and field practicum.
Communication: a Neglected Paradigm in the Study of Christian–Muslim Relations (7th–16th Cent.)
Authors: König Daniel G.
Published: February 2023

Communication as a paradigm of analysis has so far been neglected in the study of historical relations between Christians and Muslims. Part One demonstrates that previous forms of conceptualizing these relations fail to grasp the wide range of possible forms of interaction. It presents more differentiated recent approaches and points to the problems that still need solving. Part Two proposes a typology of different kinds of primary evidence that allow us to gain a more profound understanding of how interreligious communication is documented and which conclusions we may derive from this documentation. Part Three discusses methods of using such evidence to produce a greater picture of historical Christian–Muslim relations from the perspective of the communicative paradigm. It concludes that cooperation between specialists on different (e.g. diplomatic, economic, social, intellectual) facets of interreligious relations is necessary to formulate new macro-historical models that consider both the synchronic diversity of communicative acts and settings, as well as the diachronic evolution of larger communicative constellations in reaction to greater political, economic, social, and ideological changes.
TEOLOGI MINJUNG DI KOREA DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI MASYARAKAT PAPUA
Authors: Mussa Delon , Desidery Grace V.
Published: February 2023

Penindasan merupakan persoalan yang masih terus terjadi dimana-mana, teologi minjung merupakan ekspresi dari bentuk gerakan pembebasan bagi kaum yang tertindas untuk melepaskan diri dari penderitaan yang dialami. Yesus yang dipahami sebagai bagian dari Minjung hadir sebagai penyelamat dan pemberi harapan baru. Terkait dengan Minjung kehidupan masyarakat Papua yang masih kental akan penindasan dan keterpinggiran juga mempunyai cara dalam mengekspresikan kehidupan yang dialami masyarakat Papua lewat keterampilan seni yang menjadi ciri khas masyarakat Papua.