bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best practices for the extraction of genomic DNA from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor tissue for cancer genomic profiling tests
Authors: Inoue Hirofumi , Tomida Shuta , Horiguchi Shigeru , Kato Hironari , Matsuoka Hiromi , Sanehira Etsuko , Matsuoka Masashi , Yanai Hiroyuki , Hirasawa Akira , Toyooka Shinichi
Published: March 2021

Recently, two cancer genomic profiling tests have been approved in Japan and implemented in routine clinical practice: the FDA‐approved FoundationOne CDx test, and the OncoGuide NCC Oncopanel test. The quality and quantity of DNA significantly affects the sequencing results; therefore, preparing a sufficient amount of high‐quality DNA for clinical cancer genomic profiling tests is important. We examined the best practices for the extraction of cancer genomic DNA from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues of pancreatic, lung and colon cancer specimens. We found that the quality of cancer genomic DNA extracted from 10‐μm‐thick FFPE samples improved significantly, compared with that from 4‐μm‐thick FFPE samples, suggesting that 10‐μm‐thick FFPE samples are preferable for clinical cancer genomic profiling tests. For convenience, we created a quick reference table for calculating the required number of FFPE slides.
Foreign aid network diversification and its impact on growth, growth acceleration, and growth spell
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sambit , Intartaglia Maurizio
Published: March 2021

A diversified aid network could improve growth by reducing volatility. Alternatively, it could harm growth by encouraging waste and corruption. In this paper we test the effect of aid diversification on growth, growth acceleration, and growth duration. Using a large data set with a maximum of 126 countries over the period 1965–2010 and estimating three types of models (panel vector auto regression, binary dependent variable, and duration), we find the following. First, a diversified aid network Granger causes growth. Second, the “growth acceleration episodes” identified following the definition of Hausmann et al. (Journal of Economic Growth, 2005, 10, 303–329) do not seem to be affected by aid diversification. Third, the “growth spells” identified using Berg et al.’s definition appear to be prone to premature termination as a result of aid concentration. Our results appear to be robust to a wide array of tests and alternative measures of aid diversification.
Income Composition Inequality
Authors: Ranaldi Marco
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it introduces a novel inequality concept called income composition inequality, which describes how the composition of income in two sources, such as capital and labor income, varies across the income distribution. Second, it constructs an indicator for its measurement. This paper argues that the study of income composition inequality allows for: (i) a novel political economy analysis of the evolution of economic systems; and (ii) the technical assessment of the relationship between the functional and personal distributions of income. Following an empirical application, this paper discusses possible avenues for future research on the matter, ranging from development issues to public finance.
Collaborative writing for clinical educators: recommendations from a community of scholars
Authors: Findyartini Ardi , Ramani Subha , McKimm Judy , Fornari Alice
Published: March 2021

Clinical educators who wish to engage in scholarship in health professions’ education (HPE), are ideally poised at the intersection of educational theories and their application to educational practice. However, the burden of clinical practice does not often allow the time and space for scholarly writing. Being part of a collaborative writing team, incorporating members with varying levels of expertise, from different health care professions, and at different stages of their career, can provide valuable opportunities for clinicians to contribute to scholarship. Such collaborations can also bridge the gap between scholarship and educational practice in clinical settings. In this paper, we emphasise the benefits of collaborative writing, describe challenges for clinical educators in starting writing projects, and identify potential solutions. We outline a systematic approach to collaborative writing grounded in literature and our own experiences. Three key concepts underpin the provided recommendations: types and standards for scholarship, leadership and followership and communities of practice. Psychological safety, mentoring and a growth mindset are emphasised as integral to successful team projects. Finally, we argue that collaborative writing groups in clinical education can be powerful communities of practice where the overall contribution to the field can be greater than the sum of its parts.
Humanizando lo electrónico
Authors: Palau Valderrama Paloma
Published: March 2021

En este texto examino los usos y efectos de las imágenes digitales difundidas por los “grupos de secuencias” en Cali (Colombia), una oferta de música en vivo acompañada con grabaciones electrónicas (secuencias) que reemplazan a otros músicos. Se trata de una producción ciborgs de sonoridades humanas-artificiales heterónoma articulada a las lógicas de la “copia” de la globalización popular. Argumento que las imágenes y la relevancia de la visualidad agencian la humanización de las secuencias mediante la gestión de las emociones buscadas en la performance. Del mismo modo, los creadores de las secuencias intentan impregnar de calidez el sonido. Las imágenes en la comunicación online, además de ser publicitarias, tejen solidaridad entre colegas de un oficio inestable. Me baso en una etnografía en la que participé como flautista e investigadora.
The Effect of Foundation Stiffness on the Resonant Frequencies of Rotating Machines: Determined by Nonrotating Models
Authors: Hull E. H.
Published: March 2021

The work described in this paper was carried out in an attempt to clarify the problem of determining the effects of elastic foundations under rotating machines on the resonant speeds of those machines. Nonrotating models were used as a medium for studying this problem for reasons of expediency in construction, manipulation, and measurement. These models consisted of a “rotor” mounted in “bearings” from a rigid stator which in turn was supported through a foundation, the stiffness of which could be varied. The behavior of uniform rods and models of turbo-driven alternator rotors was studied in this apparatus. Results showed a wide variation of certain resonant frequencies of the model system with foundation stiffness, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of the effect of this factor on the resonant speeds of full-sized machines when run on their permanent foundations.
Effect of Variable Viscosity on Boundary Layers, With a Discussion of Drag Measurements
Authors: Brainerd J. G. , Emmons H. W.
Published: March 2021

This work extends a previously reported investigation of the boundary-layer problem associated with the steady laminar flow of a perfect gas along a thin flat insulated plate. In the earlier study the viscosity was assumed constant and the distributions of velocity and temperature were obtained for a wide range of conditions. Part I of the present paper shows, for Prandtl number 0.733 (air) and Mach number of the undisturbed stream 2, the velocity and temperature distributions in the boundary layer under various assumed viscosity variations. Part II gives the distributions for various Prandtl numbers and Mach numbers, assuming the same viscosity functions as used by von Kármán and Tsien. Part III is devoted to a discussion of the method of interpretation of traverse tests of the efficiency and flow coefficients of nozzles or other passages. The results of Part I show that the variation of viscosity with temperature does not alter the equilibrium temperature of the plate, and hence the reading of a plate thermometer. This result is extended in Part II where it is shown that θ at the plate wall is equal to the same quantity when μ is taken constant to within 1 per cent in all cases studied. Furthermore, φU′ at the plate wall does not vary greatly, so that the drag coefficient CD is equal to 1.28/(Re)1/2 to within 5 per cent for most of the cases investigated. In Part III a passage efficiency as usually calculated is found to be subject to two errors, one of which reduces and the other of which increases the test result. The net effect is to cause the standard traverse test to give a conservative estimate of the efficiency. The flow coefficient as determined by traverse tests is somewhat higher than the correct one.
Buckling of the Circular Plate Beyond the Critical Thrust
Authors: Friedrichs K. O. , Stoker J. J.
Published: March 2021

In this paper a complete mathematical solution of the problem of the buckling with large deflections of a thin circular plate under uniform radial pressure is given, assuming radial symmetry. Buckling takes place as soon as the prescribed thrust pe at the edge reaches a certain critical value pE. Thin plates do not, however, fail if the thrust pe is increased beyond pE. It is of importance, then, to determine the stresses when the ratio Λ = pe/pE becomes greater than unity. This problem, which is a nonlinear one, is solved by two methods for finite values of Λ; also an asymptotic solution is given for the limit state when Λ tends to infinity. The most notable single result is that the membrane stresses for large values of Λ become tensions in the interior of the plate and change abruptly to compressions in a narrow “boundary layer” at the edge of the plate. Curves showing the behavior of the deflection and the stresses are given for a series of values of Λ. Such curves show clearly, in particular, that the limit state is approached quite closely for relatively small values of Λ, i.e., Λ > 5. In closing, the authors discuss the relation between their results and von Kármán’s theory of effective width for the buckling of rectangular plates.
Determining Critical States of Equilibrium of Plates and Shells Under Initial Stress
Authors: Hencky H.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to show that Rayleigh’s energy method, used by Timoshenko for the determination of critical loads in plates and shells, is capable of an important generalization. The work involved is a direct continuation of the energy method of Timoshenko and is based on the principle of virtual work. According to this principle the variation of the work of the outer forces together with the variation of the kinetic energy is equal to the variation of the elastic energy stored up in the body. The author develops a series of formulas, by means of which the stability of a cylindrical shell under various conditions of stress may be determined. The practical applications of these formulas, requiring only a fundamental knowledge of the mathematics of engineering, are illustrated by suitable examples.
Self-Excited Oscillations in Dynamical Systems Possessing Retarded Actions
Authors: Minorsky Nicholas
Published: March 2021

There exists a variety of dynamical systems, possessing retarded actions, which are not entirely describable in terms of differential equations of a finite order. The differential equations of such systems are sometimes designated as hysterodifferential equations. An important particular case of such equations, encountered in practice, is when the original differential equation for unretarded quantities is a linear equation with constant coefficients and the time lags are constant. The characteristic equation, corresponding to the hysterodifferential equation for retarded quantities in such a case, has a series of subsequent high-derivative terms which generally converge. It is possible to develop a simple graphical interpretation for this equation. Such systems with retarded actions are capable of self-excitation. Self-excited oscillations of this character are generally undesirable in practice and it is to this phase of the subject that the present paper is devoted.
Torsion of Multiconnected Thin-Walled Cylinders
Authors: Baron F. M.
Published: March 2021

The author develops an arithmetical procedure for the analysis of problems of torsion. The method of analysis presented is one of successive approximations. The solution to a problem is guessed at and successively corrected until the controlling conditions of static equilibrium and of continuity of deformation are satisfied. The convergence is reasonably rapid but may be hastened with a little judicious guessing. The problem under immediate discussion is a straight hollow member with constant cross section subject to a torque about the longitudinal axis of the member. Other applications and extensions of the method presented are suggested at the end of the paper. The arithmetical procedure is illustrated by an example.
Graphical Solution of Fluid-Friction Problems
Authors: Dennison E. S.
Published: March 2021

It is customary to present fluid-friction data in the form of a diagram to log scale in which friction coefficient appears as a function of Reynolds number. Such data are widely applicable to physical circumstances other than those which pertained to the original experiments. The present paper describes a graphical procedure for utilizing data of this character, where analytical methods are not practicable, and resort is made to trial-and-error methods. Similar methods to that described may be found useful in other fields than that of fluid friction, provided the experimental data are capable of being represented in nondimensional form.
Some Two-Dimensional Aspects of the Ejector Problem
Authors: Goff J. A. , Coogan C. H.
Published: March 2021

Several investigators have attempted to analyze the performance of the ejector on a one-dimensional basis. Some doubt exists whether such analyses can lead to a rational ejector design because of the questionable validity of certain necessary assumptions. Recently, consideration has been given to the two-dimensional aspects of the problem, and while a rational design has not yet been evolved, the results attained seem to point in the right direction. The theory of turbulent mixing in jets, developed by Tollmien is used as the basis of the study reported in this paper. Tollmien’s analysis of the mixing zone produced by a homogeneous air stream issuing into still air of the same pressure and density is reviewed. The authors then extend the theory to allow for the possibility that the driving and driven fluids may have widely different densities.
Brittle Coatings for Quantitative Strain Measurements
Authors: de Forest A. V. , Ellis Greer , Stern F. B.
Published: March 2021

The use of brittle coatings in stress analysis is discussed in this paper. Particular reference is made to the “Stresscoat” materials and method which can effect quantitative analyses within the elastic range by use of brittle coatings alone. In the plastic range, the flaking off of the coating is shown to be caused by a compression component of strain of about 1 per cent. Graphs and illustrations show the effect of such variables as coat thickness, time of dry, temperature and humidity, creep, and bubbles in the coating. Test procedure is outlined. Application of the method to a part from a high-speed sewing machine shows stress values and correlation of results with fatigue failures. Another application illustrated is a plate, penetrated by a bullet, showing elastic and plastic deformations during the impact loading.
Stresses and Displacements in a Rotating Conical Shell
Authors: Meriam J. L.
Published: March 2021

The analysis of shells is an important subdivision of the general theory of elasticity, and its application is useful in the solution of engineering problems involving thin-walled structures. A common type of shell is one which possesses symmetry with respect to an axis of revolution. A theory for such shells has been developed by various investigators (1, 2, 3, 6) and applied to a few simple cases such as the cylindrical, spherical, and conical shapes. Boundary conditions, for the most part, have been simple static ones, and conditions of surface loading have been included in certain special cases. This paper extends the theory of axially symmetrical shells by including the body force of rotation about the axis and applies the results to the rotating conical shell. The analysis follows a pattern established by several investigators (1, 2, 3, 6) and for this reason is abbreviated to a considerable extent. Only where the inclusion of the body force makes elucidation advisable or where a slightly different method of approach is used are the steps presented in more detail.
Deflection of Uniformly Loaded Circular Plates
Authors: Olson F. C. W.
Published: March 2021

The equation for small deflections of a uniformly loaded and supported circular plate is rewritten so that the two constants of integration are interpreted as the center deflection ω0 and a boundary parameter α. Stresses and bending moments are given in terms of ω0 and α. A particular advantage of this treatment is that the nature of the support may be found experimentally even if the elastic constants, plate thickness, and load are unknown. The energy method is used to develop a more general theory of large deflections, valid for any condition of uniform support at the edge.
Static and Dynamic Spring Constants
Authors: Horvay G. , Ormondroyd J.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) To propose a new approximate method of replacing the distributed constants (inertia, stiffness, damping) of vibrating systems by appropriate lumped constants; (2) to propose the use of a modified Holzer “cut-and-try” process and, in conjunction with it, a graphical representation of the force-displacement relations. The use of the proposed rules and methods are demonstrated by three simple examples. The derivation of the formulas requires rather extensive mathematical treatment and is given in a subsequent paper.
Effect of Rear Wing on Time-Averaged Ground Vehicle Wake With Variable Slant Angle
Authors: Shehab Uddin Md. , Rashid Fazlur
Published: March 2021

The slant angle plays a crucial role in the flow property of hatchback ground vehicles. An optimum slant angle is obligatory for better handling the ground vehicles when fitted with a rear wing. In this regard, the variation of time-averaged flow properties around a wing-attached hatchback ground vehicle (Ahmed body) due to a variable slant angle is accessed by this paper. The design includes a scaled Ahmed body as a reference ground vehicle and a rear wing with NACA 0018 profile. The computational studies are executed with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes based k-epsilon turbulence model with nonequilibrium wall function. The vehicle's model is scaled to 75% of the actual model, and analyses are conducted with Reynolds number 2.7 × 106. After the study, it is observed that a 15 deg slant angle is the critical angle for the wing attached state in which the drag coefficient is maximum. After this angle, a sudden reduction of coefficients is observed, where 25 deg is critical for without wing condition. Besides this, the two counter-rotating horseshoe vortices in the separation bubble and side edge c-pillar vortices also behave differently due to the wing's presence. The turbulent kinetic energy variation and the variation in coefficients of surface pressure are also affected by the rear wing attachment. This paper will assist in finding the optimum slant angle for hatchback ground vehicles in the presence of a rear wing. Thus the study will help in increasing stability and control for hatchback ground vehicles.
Deep learning-based high-frequency source depth estimation using a single sensor
Authors: Yoon Seunghyun , Yang Haesang , Seong Woojae
Published: March 2021

The sensitivity of underwater propagation models to acoustic and environmental variability increases with the signal frequency; therefore, realizing accurate acoustic propagation predictions is difficult. Owing to this mismatch between the model and actual scenarios, achieving high-frequency source localization using model-based methods is generally difficult. To address this issue, we propose a deep learning approach trained on real data. In this study, we focused on depth estimation. Several 18-layer residual neural networks were trained on a normalized log-scaled spectrogram that was measured using a single hydrophone. The algorithm was evaluated using measured data transmitted from the linear frequency modulation chirp probe (11–31 kHz) in the shallow-water acoustic variability experiment 2015. The signal was received through two vertical line arrays (VLAs). The proposed method was applied to all 16 sensors of the VLA to determine the estimation performance with respect to the receiver depth. Furthermore, frequency-difference matched field processing was applied to the experimental data for comparison. The results indicate that ResNet can determine complicated features of high-frequency signals and predict depths, regardless of the receiver depth, while exhibiting robust environmental and positional variability.
Designing Quality Sport Environments to Support Newcomer Youth and Their Families: The Case of One Program Founder/Leader
Authors: Kramers Sara , Sabourin Camille , Martin Laura , Camiré Martin
Published: March 2021

Appropriately structured youth sport programs have been shown to promote participants’ physical activity and well-being. When compared to Canadian citizens and permanent residents, newcomers to Canada have lessened access to sport programs due to a multitude of interrelated factors. In the present case study, the authors explored the experiences of one founder/leader who created a sport program to support Canadian newcomer youth and their families. Two semistructured interviews were conducted with the program founder/leader to examine her experiences in intentionally promoting the physical activity and well-being of newcomer youth. Transcripts and program documents were subjected to a reflexive thematic analysis. Findings portray the complex set of factors that the program founder/leader considered to address the realities and needs of newcomer youth and their families. The practical considerations and reflections focus on the importance of designing culturally sensitive, inclusive, and quality programs with newcomers.
A Cross-Sectional Examination of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Sleep Between Adults With and Without Children in the Home Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Dinkel Danae , Lu Kelsey , John Jemima , Snyder Kailey , Jacobson Lisette T.
Published: March 2021

Background: Physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep are interconnected, promoting optimal health. Few studies have examined these factors holistically. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to capture the 24-hour activity cycles of the US population by examining PA, sedentary behavior, and sleep based on the presence of a child within the home, as well as gender and weight. Methods: Cross-sectional health-related variables from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for analysis. The primary variables were the total and type of PA (recreation, work, and active transportation), sedentary behavior, and sleep. Chi-square and regression models were applied to compare the outcomes across participants’ characteristics. Results: The adults with children within the home reported less recreational PA, more work activity, less sedentary activity, and less sleep, but no differences in total PA. The females with children in the home not only had the lowest levels of recreational activity and sleep, but also the lowest levels of sedentary behavior. The obese individuals with children in the home had less sedentary time than the adults without children in the home, regardless of weight status. Conclusions: Unhealthy sleep and PA behaviors are prevalent in adults with children living at home, and women are particularly impacted.
“I Wish I Had Had You as a PE Teacher”: Physical Educators’ Experiences in a Professional Learning Community
Authors: Beddoes Zack , Sazama Debra , Starck Jenna
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Drawing from Occupational Socialization Theory, the purpose of this study was to examine a middle school physical education team’s perceptions and experiences piloting standards-based teaching and grading within an organizational professional learning community (PLC). Method: Using an instrumental case study design, (n = 3) teachers and (n = 1) a principal from a middle school in the upper Midwest participated in this study. Data sources included individual and focus group interviews, observations, and relevant documents collected across three school semesters. Results: Inductive data analysis revealed three themes: (a) Increased Status and Appreciation in the School Community, (b) Growing Pains, and (c) Emotional Safety and Engagement, along with related subthemes. Conclusions: Through actively participating in the school PLC structures, physical educators may proactively facilitate leadership opportunities within the school community notwithstanding perceived limitations. However, physical educators may experience greater success in PLCs as they become increasingly literate in common assessment practices.
SpoT-Mediated NapA Upregulation Promotes Oxidative Stress-Induced Helicobacter pylori Biofilm Formation and Confers Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Zhao Yican , Cai Yuying , Chen Zhenghong , Li Huanjie , Xu Zhengzheng , Li Wenjuan , Jia Jihui , Sun Yundong
Published: March 2021

Recently, the incidence of drug-resistant
Helicobacter pylori
infection has increased. Biofilm formation confers multidrug resistance on bacteria.
The effects of high adiposity on concentric and eccentric muscle performance of upper and lower limb musculature in young and older adults
Authors: Shelley Sharn , James Rob S. , Eustace Steven , Eyre Emma , Tallis Jason
Published: March 2021

The present study uniquely examined the influence of old age and adiposity on maximal concentric and eccentric torque and fatigue of the elbow and knee (KF, KE) flexors and extensors. Forty males were recruited and categorised into young (n = 21, 23.7 ± 3.4) and old (n = 19, 68.3 ± 6.1) and then further into normal (young = 16.9 ± 2.5%, old = 20.6 ± 3.1%) and high adiposity (young = 28.9 ± 5.0%, old = 31.3 ± 4.2%) groups. Handgrip strength, sit-to-stand performance, and isokinetic assessments of peak torque at 60°, 120° and 180°·s−1 were measured. Older men produced significantly less concentric and eccentric peak torque (P < 0.016) but this was not influenced by adiposity (P > 0.055). For KE and KF, high adiposity groups demonstrated reduced peak torque normalised to body mass (P < 0.021), and muscle and contractile mode specific reduction in torque normalised to segmental lean mass. Eccentric fatigue resistance was unaffected by both age and adiposity (P > 0.30) and perceived muscle soreness, measured up to 72 hours after, was only enhanced in the upper body of the young group following eccentric fatigue (P = 0.009). Despite the impact of adiposity on skeletal muscle function being comparable between ages, these results suggest high adiposity will have greater impact on functional performance of older adults.

Novelty: Irrespective of age, high adiposity may negatively impact force to body mass ratio and muscle quality in a muscle and contractile mode specific manner. Whilst the magnitude of adiposity effects is similar across ages, the impact for older adults will be more substantial given the age-related decline in muscle function.
Enhancing single-species stock assessments with diverse ecosystem perspectives: a case study for Gulf of Mexico red grouper (Epinephelus morio) and red tides
Authors: Sagarese Skyler R. , Vaughan Nathan R. , Walter John F. , Karnauskas Mandy
Published: March 2021

Impacts of Karenia brevis red tide blooms have been an increasing cause of concern for fisheries management in the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf). The 2019 Gulf red grouper (Epinephelus morio) stock assessment was confronted with the challenges of quantifying and parameterizing red tides during both historical and projection time periods. Red tide mortality was estimated for each age class in the model solely in 2005 and 2014 during severe events. Given the considerable uncertainty surrounding the 2018 red tide and its substantial implications on the status of the population, several projection scenarios were evaluated. Under the assumption of no 2018 red tide mortality, near-term catches were projected to nearly double, a predicted outcome that appeared to be in contrast with recent record low catches and fishing industry perceptions of major stock depletion. In the event that the 2018 red tide caused mortality, but was not accounted for in projections, the recommended catch levels would lead to high probabilities of overfishing and potentially stock collapse. Collectively, these results highlight how consideration of uncertainty in projections can help avoid unintended consequences.
Mixtures of airborne lidar-based approaches improve predictions of forest structure
Authors: Blackburn Ryan C. , Buscaglia Robert , Sánchez Meador Andrew J.
Published: March 2021

The most common method for modeling forest attributes with airborne lidar, the area-based approach, involves summarizing the point cloud of individual plots and relating this to attributes of interest. Tree- and voxel-based approaches have been considered as alternatives to the area-based approach but are rarely considered in an area-based context. We estimated three forest attributes (basal area, overstory biomass, and volume) across 1680 field plots in Arizona and New Mexico. Variables from the three lidar approaches (area, tree, and voxel) were created for each plot. Random forests were estimated using subsets of variables based on each individual lidar approach and mixtures of each approach. Boruta feature selection was performed on variable subsets, including the mixture of all lidar-approach predictors (KS-Boruta). A corrected paired t test was utilized to compare six validated models (area-Boruta, tree-Boruta, voxel-Boruta, KS-Boruta, KS-all, and ridge-all) for each forest attribute. Based on significant reductions in error (SMdAPE), basal area and biomass were best modeled with KS-Boruta, while volume was best modeled with KS-all. Analysis of variable importance shows that voxel-based predictors are critical for the prediction of the three forest attributes. This study highlights the importance of multiresolution voxel-based variables for modeling forest attributes in an area-based context.
Instability modulation properties of the (2 + 1)-dimensional Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar model in travelling wave solutions
Authors: Baskonus Haci Mehmet , Guirao Juan Luis García , Kumar Ajay , Causanilles Fernando S. Vidal , Bermudez German Rodriguez
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the instability modulation and new travelling wave solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation via the tanh function method. Dark, mixed dark–bright, complex solitons and periodic wave solutions are archived. Strain conditions for the validity of results are also reported. Instability modulation properties of the governing model are also extracted. Various wave simulations in 2D, 3D and contour graphs under the strain conditions are presented.
Humble design for sustainable mobility
Authors: Hesselgren Mia
Published: March 2021

In this forum we highlight innovative thought, design, and research in the area of interaction design and sustainability, illustrating the diversity of approaches across HCI communities.
--- Roy Bendor, Editor
Synthesis of Self-Assembled CuO Sphere Structures and Their Glucose Sensing Characteristics
Authors: Juang Feng-Renn , Wang Tzu-Ming
Published: March 2021

Cupric oxide (CuO) sphere structures by hydrothermal synthesis are investigated for non-enzymatic glucose sensors. Firstly, different CuO spheres are synthesized on ITO/glass substrates to analyze the catalytic ability to glucose. Copper acetate, copper nitrate trihydrate, and various amount of ammonia water are used to self-assemble CuO spheres. The experimental results indicate that by using precursor of copper nitrate trihydrate and 5 ml ammonia water, CuO spheres have high sensitivity of 2128.44 μA mM−1 cm−2 to glucose. Besides, it has good linear range between 0.5–2.5 mM glucose concentration. The structure has more gaps between each nanoleaf and more reaction sites to react with glucose. Furthermore, the current variation of the working electrode after adding other interferences is negligible. It also has great anti-interference ability. Superior performances of the CuO spheres to glucose can help more accurately and quickly detecting diabetes.
The Complex Neural Network Model for Mass Appraisal and Scenario Forecasting of the Urban Real Estate Market Value That Adapts Itself to Space and Time
Authors: Yasnitsky Leonid N. , Yasnitsky Vitaly L. , Alekseev Aleksander O.
Published: March 2021

In the modern scientific literature, there are many reports about the successful application of neural network technologies for solving complex applied problems, in particular, for modeling the urban real estate market. There are neural network models that can perform mass assessment of real estate objects taking into account their construction and operational characteristics. However, these models are static because they do not take into account the changing economic situation over time. Therefore, they quickly become outdated and need frequent updates. In addition, if they are designed for a specific city, they are not suitable for other cities. On the other hand, there are several dynamic models taking into account the overall state of the economy and designed to predict and study the overall price situation in real estate markets. Such dynamic models are not intended for mass real estate appraisals. The aim of this article is to develop a methodology and create a complex model that has the properties of both static and dynamic models. Moreover, our comprehensive model should be suitable for evaluating real estate in many cities at once. This aim is achieved since our model is based on a neural network trained on examples considering both construction and operational characteristics, as well as geographical and environmental characteristics, along with time‐changing macroeconomic parameters that describe the economic state of a specific region, country, and the world. A set of examples for training and testing the neural network were formed on the basis of statistical data of real estate markets in a number of Russian cities for the period from 2006 to 2020. Thus, many examples included the data relating to the periods of the economic calm for Russia, along with the periods of crisis, recovery, and growth of the Russian and global economy. Due to this, the model remains relevant with the changes of the international economic situation and it takes into account the specifics of regions. The model proved to be suitable for solving the following tasks: industrial economic analysis, company strategic and operational management, analytical and consulting support of investment, and construction activities of professional market participants. The model can also be used by government agencies authorized to conduct public cadastral assessment for calculating property taxes.
Stentless Strategy by Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty following Directional Coronary Atherectomy for Left Main Bifurcation Lesion
Authors: Kobayashi Norihiro , Yamawaki Masahiro , Mori Shinsuke , Tsutsumi Masakazu , Honda Yohsuke , Makino Kenji , Shirai Shigemitsu , Mizusawa Masafumi , Ito Yoshiaki
Published: March 2021

Aims. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of stentless strategy by drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty following directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) for left main (LM) bifurcation lesions. Methods. A total of 38 patients who underwent DCB angioplasty following DCA for LM bifurcation lesions were retrospectively enrolled. The primary endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF) at 12 months. Secondary endpoints included procedure-related major events during the hospitalization, major adverse cardiac events at 12 months, ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 12 months, and bleeding complications defined as the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria ≥2 at 12 months. Results. Among these 38 lesions, 31 lesions were de novo LM bifurcation lesions and 7 lesions were stent edge restenosis at the left anterior descending (LAD) ostium. The mean % plaque area (%PA) after DCA was 44.0 ± 7.4%. TVF at 12 months occurred in 1 lesion (3.2%) of de novo LM bifurcation lesion and in 3 lesions (42.9%) of stent edge restenosis at the LAD ostium. All events of TVF were ischemia-driven TLR by percutaneous coronary intervention. Among 4 TLR cases, %PA after DCA was high (55.9%) in the de novo LM bifurcation lesions; on the other hand, %PA after DCA was low (42.4%, 38.7%, and 25.7% in the 3 cases) in stent edge restenosis at the LAD ostium. No procedure-related major events were observed during hospitalization. There was no cardiac death, no myocardial infarction, no coronary artery bypass grafting, and no bleeding complications at 12 months. Conclusions. Stentless strategy by DCB angioplasty following DCA for de novo LM bifurcation lesions resulted in acceptable outcomes. On the other hand, its efficacy was limited for stent edge restenosis at the LAD ostium even after aggressive debulking by DCA.
Solution Algorithms for Single‐Machine Group Scheduling with Learning Effect and Convex Resource Allocation
Authors: Wang Wanlei , Wang Jian-Jun , Wang Ji-Bo
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with a single‐machine resource allocation scheduling problem with learning effect and group technology. Under slack due‐date assignment, our objective is to determine the optimal sequence of jobs and groups, optimal due‐date assignment, and optimal resource allocation such that the weighted sum of earliness and tardiness penalties, common flow allowances, and resource consumption cost is minimized. For three special cases, it is proved that the problem can be solved in polynomial time. To solve the general case of problem, the heuristic, tabu search, and branch‐and‐bound algorithms are proposed.
Unraveling the Molecular Nexus between GPCRs, ERS, and EMT
Authors: Kumari Niti , Reabroi Somrudee , North Brian J.
Published: March 2021

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large family of transmembrane proteins that transduce an external stimulus into a variety of cellular responses. They play a critical role in various pathological conditions in humans, including cancer, by regulating a number of key processes involved in tumor formation and progression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in promoting cancer cell invasion and tumor dissemination leading to metastasis, an often intractable state of the disease. Uncontrolled proliferation and persistent metabolism of cancer cells also induce oxidative stress, hypoxia, and depletion of growth factors and nutrients. These disturbances lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induce a cellular condition called ER stress (ERS) which is counteracted by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Many GPCRs modulate ERS and UPR signaling via ERS sensors, IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6, to support cancer cell survival and inhibit cell death. By regulating downstream signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and Wnt/β-catenin, GPCRs also upregulate mesenchymal transcription factors including Snail, ZEB, and Twist superfamilies which regulate cell polarity, cytoskeleton remodeling, migration, and invasion. Likewise, ERS-induced UPR upregulates gene transcription and expression of proteins related to EMT enhancing tumor aggressiveness. Though GPCRs are attractive therapeutic targets in cancer biology, much less is known about their roles in regulating ERS and EMT. Here, we will discuss the interplay in GPCR-ERS linked to the EMT process of cancer cells, with a particular focus on oncogenes and molecular signaling pathways.
Performance Improvements of AODV by Black Hole Attack Detection Using IDS and Digital Signature
Authors: Talukdar Md Ibrahim , Hassan Rosilah , Hossen Md Sharif , Ahmad Khaleel , Qamar Faizan , Ahmed Amjed Sid
Published: March 2021

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), mobile devices connect with other devices wirelessly, where there is no central administration. They are prone to different types of attacks such as the black hole, insider, gray hole, wormhole, faulty node, and packet drop, which considerably interrupt to perform secure communication. This paper has implemented the denial‐of‐service attacks like black hole attacks on general‐purpose ad hoc on‐demand distance vector (AODV) protocol. It uses three approaches: normal AODV, black hole AODV (BH_AODV), and detected black hole AODV (D_BH_AODV), wherein we observe that black holes acutely degrade the performance of networks. We have detected the black hole attacks within the networks using two techniques: (1) intrusion detection system (IDS) and (2) encryption technique (digital signature) with the concept of prevention. Moreover, normal AODV, BH_AODV, and D_BH_AODV protocols are investigated for various quality of service (QoS) parameters, i.e., packet delivery ratio (PDR), delay, and overhead with varying the number of nodes, packet sizes, and simulation times. The NS2 software has been used as a simulation tool to simulate existing network topologies, but it does not contain any mechanism to simulate malicious protocols by itself; therefore, we have developed and implemented a D_BH_AODV routing protocol. The outcomes show that the proposed D_BH_AODV approach for the PDR value delivers around 40 to 50% for varying nodes and packets. In contrast, the delay decreases from 300 to 100 ms and 150 to 50 ms with an increase in the number of nodes and packets, respectively. Furthermore, the overhead changes from 1 to 3 for various nodes and packet values. The outcome of this research proves that the black hole attack degrades the overall performance of the network, while the D_BH_AODV enhances the QoS performance since it detects the black hole nodes and avoids them to establish the communication between nodes.
County‐Level Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Mortality by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Zuma Bongeka Z. , Parizo Justin T. , Valencia Areli , Spencer‐Bonilla Gabriela , Blum Manuel R. , Scheinker David , Rodriguez Fatima
Published: March 2021

Background

Persistent racial/ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality are partially explained by healthcare access and socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors. Little is known about the association between race/ethnicity‐specific CVD mortality and county‐level factors.

Methods and Results

Using 2017 county‐level data, we studied the association between race/ethnicity‐specific CVD age‐adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) and county‐level factors (demographics, census region, socioeconomics, CVD risk factors, and healthcare access). Univariate and multivariable linear regressions were used to estimate the association between these factors;
R
2
values were used to assess the factors that accounted for the greatest variation in CVD AAMR by race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, and Hispanic/Latinx individuals). There were 659 740 CVD deaths among non‐Hispanic White individuals in 2698 counties; 100 475 deaths among non‐Hispanic Black individuals in 717 counties; and 49 493 deaths among Hispanic/Latinx individuals across 267 counties. Non‐Hispanic Black individuals had the highest mean CVD AAMR (320.04 deaths per 100 000 individuals), whereas Hispanic/Latinx individuals had the lowest (168.42 deaths per 100 000 individuals). The highest CVD AAMRs across all racial/ethnic groups were observed in the South. In unadjusted analyses, the greatest variation (
R
2
) in CVD AAMR was explained by physical inactivity for non‐Hispanic White individuals (32.3%), median household income for non‐Hispanic Black individuals (24.7%), and population size for Hispanic/Latinx individuals (28.4%). In multivariable regressions using county‐level factor categories, the greatest variation in CVD AAMR was explained by CVD risk factors for non‐Hispanic White individuals (35.3%), socioeconomic factors for non‐Hispanic Black (25.8%), and demographic factors for Hispanic/Latinx individuals (34.9%).

Conclusions

The associations between race/ethnicity‐specific age‐adjusted CVD mortality and county‐level factors differ significantly. Interventions to reduce disparities may benefit from being designed accordingly.
The Characterization of Miṣwot and Conception of Halakhah in Rabbinic Non-Halakhic Literature
Authors: Katzoff Binyamin
Published: March 2021

Scholarly discussion concerning rabbinic conceptions of the nature of halakhah—realist vs. nominalist—has for the most part focused on halakhic content and discourse. However, as Schremer has shown, non-halakhic passages may present conceptions that differ from those found in halakhic sources. Following Schremer’s suggested distinction, in this study I examine non-halakhic texts which use various metaphors or linguistic styles to characterize the miṣwot. In the cases I examine, I will demonstrate that the authors could have formulated their content in more than one way, and thus their choice of a particular linguistic style reflects their particular conception of the nature of the miṣwot. My suggestion is that non-halakhic sources that display both modes of thought, realist and nominalist views of Jewish law, offer more accurate reflections of the multifaceted conceptual world of the rabbis than do halakhic texts.
On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae)
Authors: DAVID PATRICK , VOGEL GERNOT , DUBOIS ALAIN
Published: March 2021

This paper analyzes the consequences of the non-respect of the Rules of the Code to ascertain the valid subsequent designation of the nucleospecies (type species) of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804. The long accepted designation was invalid because it was based on a nominal species which was not among the prenucleospecies (originally included species) of the nominal genus. In contrast with the commonly accepted viewpoint which makes the Indian taxon Coluber gramineus Shaw, 1802 the nucleospecies of the genus, we show that this role is played by Trimeresurus viridis Lacépède, 1804, a species inhabiting the Lesser Sunda Islands and Timor and, as a nomen oblitum, a senior synonym of Trimeresurus albolabris insularis Kramer, 1977, a taxon now considered a distinct species. The important nomenclatural implications of this finding are discussed here, especially with regard to the recent splitting of the genus Trimeresurus. The generic nomen Trimeresurus should be associated with the Trimeresurus albolabris group of species currently placed in the genus or subgenus Cryptelytrops Cope, 1860. A lectophoront (lectotype) is selected and described for Trimeresurus viridis Lacépède, 1804. Coluber viridis Bechstein, 1802 is an invalid objective junior synonym of Coluber gramineus Shaw, 1802. The current content of the genus Trimeresurus and of its eight subgenera is provided. Some clarifications or improvements to the Code are suggested.