bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting SARS-CoV-2 detection combining pooling and multiplex strategies
Authors: Correa Isadora Alonso , de Souza Rodrigues Tamires , Queiroz Alex , de França Nascimento Leon , Wolff Thiago , Akamine Rubens Nobumoto , Kuriyama Sergio Noboru , da Costa Luciana Jesus , Fidalgo-Neto Antonio Augusto
Published: May 2022

RT-qPCR is the gold standard technique available for SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, the long test run time and costs associated with this type of molecular testing are a challenge in a pandemic scenario. Due to high testing demand, especially for monitoring highly vaccinated populations facing the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, strategies that allow the increase in testing capacity and cost savings are needed. We evaluated a RT-qPCR pooling strategy either as a simplex and multiplex assay, as well as performed in-silico statistical modeling analysis validated with specimen samples obtained from a mass testing program of Industry Federation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Although the sensitivity reduction in samples pooled with 32 individuals in a simplex assay was observed, the high-test sensitivity was maintained even when 16 and 8 samples were pooled. This data was validated with the results obtained in our mass testing program with a cost saving of 51.5% already considering the expenditures with pool sampling that were analyzed individually. We also demonstrated that the pooling approach using 4 or 8 samples tested with a triplex combination in RT-qPCR is feasible to be applied without sensitivity loss, mainly combining Nucleocapsid (N) and Envelope (E) gene targets. Our data shows that the combination of pooling in a RT-qPCR multiplex assay could strongly contribute to mass testing programs with high-cost savings and low-reagent consumption while maintaining test sensitivity. In addition, the test capacity is predicted to be considerably increased which is fundamental for the control of the virus spread in the actual pandemic scenario.
Insecticide resistant Anopheles gambiae have enhanced longevity but reduced reproductive fitness and a longer first gonotrophic cycle
Authors: Osoro Joyce K. , Machani Maxwell G. , Ochomo Eric , Wanjala Christine , Omukunda Elizabeth , Githeko Andrew K. , Yan Guiyun , Afrane Yaw A.
Published: May 2022

Widespread insecticide resistance in African malaria vectors raises concerns over the potential to compromise malaria vector control interventions. Understanding the evolution of resistance mechanisms, and whether the selective disadvantages are large enough to be useful in resistance management or designing suitable control strategies is crucial. This study assessed whether insecticide resistance to pyrethroids has an effect on the gonotrophic cycle and reproductive potential of malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Comparative tests were performed with pyrethroid-resistant and susceptible colonies of Anopheles gambiae colonized from the same geographical area, and the reference Kisumu strain was used as a control. Adult females aged 3 days old were given a blood meal and kept separately for individual egg-laying. The number of days taken to lay eggs post-blood-feeding was recorded to determine the length of the gonotrophic cycle. To measure adult longevity and reproduction potential, newly emerged males and females of equal numbers were aspirated into a cage and females allowed to blood feed daily. The number of eggs laid and the surviving mosquitoes were recorded daily to determine fecundity, net reproduction rate, intrinsic growth rate and adult longevity. Overall, the resistant females had a significantly longer (1.8 days) gonotrophic cycle than susceptible females (F2, 13 = 9. 836, P < 0.01). The proportion of resistant females that laid eggs was lower 31.30% (94/300) compared to 54% (162/300) in the susceptible colony and 65.7% (197/300) in the Kisumu strain. The mean number of eggs laid per female was significantly lower in the resistant colony (88.02 ± 20) compared to the susceptible colony (104.9 ± .28.8) and the Kisumu strain (97.6 ± 34.8). The adult longevity was significantly higher for resistant (39.7 ± 1.6 days) compared to susceptible (29.9 ± 1.7 days) and the Kisumu strain was (29.6 ± 1.1 days) (F2,8 = 45.05, P < 0.0001). Resistant colony exhibited a lower fecundity (4.3 eggs/females/day) and net reproductive rate (2.6 offsprings/female/generation) compared to the susceptible colony (8.6 eggs/female/day; 4.7 offsprings/female/generation respectively) and Kisumu strain (9.7 eggs/female/day; 4.1 offsprings/female/generation respectively). The study suggests high fitness cost on reproductive parameters of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes particularly on the duration of gonotrophic cycle, fecundity and net reproductive rate. These fitness costs are likely associated with maintaining both target site and metabolic mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids. Despite these costs, resistant mosquitoes had longer longevity. These results give insights to understanding the fitness cost of insecticide resistance and thus are critical when predicting the epidemiological impact of insecticide resistance.
Detection of Mimivirus from respiratory samples in tuberculosis-suspected patients
Authors: Sakhaee Fatemeh , Mosayebi Amroabadi Jalal , Razi Sara , Vaziri Farzam , Abdolrahimi Farid , Moghaddam Sina , Rahimi Jamnani Fatemeh , Siadat Seyed Davar , Fateh Abolfazl
Published: May 2022

Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV), a species of amoeba-infecting giant viruses, has recently emerged as human respiratory pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of Mimivirus in respiratory samples, collected from tuberculosis (TB)-suspected patients. The study was performed on 10,166 clinical respiratory samples from April 2013 to December 2017. Mimivirus was detected using a suicide nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR methods. Of 10,166 TB-suspected patients, 4 (0.04%) were positive for Mimivirus, including Mimivirus-53, Mimivirus-186, Mimivirus-1291, and Mimivirus-1922. Three out of four patients, hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU), were mechanically ventilated. All patients had an underlying disease, and the virus was detected in both sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. In conclusion, Mimivirus was isolated from TB-suspected patients in a comprehensive study. The present results, similar to previous reports, showed that Mimiviruses could be related to pneumonia. Further studies in different parts of the world are needed to additional investigate the clinical importance of Mimivirus infection.
Real- and momentum-space description of the excitons in bulk and monolayer chromium tri-halides
Authors: Acharya Swagata , Pashov Dimitar , Rudenko Alexander N. , Rösner Malte , Schilfgaarde Mark van , Katsnelson Mikhail I.
Published: May 2022

Excitons with large binding energies ~2–3 eV in CrX3have been characterized as being localized (Frenkel) excitons that emerge from the atomicd − dtransitions between the Cr-3d-t2gandegorbitals. The argument has gathered strength in recent years as the excitons in recently made monolayers are found at almost the same energies as the bulk. The Laporte rule, which restricts such parity forbidden atomic transitions, can relax if a symmetry-breaking mechanism is present. While what can be classified as a purely Frenkel exciton is a matter of definition, we show using an advanced first principles parameter-free approach that these excitons in CrX3, in both its bulk and monolayer variants, have band origin and it is thedphybridization between Cr and X that primarily acts as the symmetry-breaking mechanism that relaxes the Laporte rule. We show that the character of these excitons is mostly determined by the Cr-dorbital manifold, nevertheless, the fractions of the spectral weight shared with the ligand halogen states increases as thedphybridization enhances. The hybridization enhances as the halogen atom becomes heavier, bringing the X-pstates closer to the Cr-dstates in the sequence Cl → Br → I, with an attendant increase in exciton intensity and a decrease in binding energy. By applying a range of different kinds of perturbations that qualitatively mimics the effects originating from the missing vertex in self-energy, we show that moderate changes to the two-particle Hamiltonian that essentially modifies the Cr-d-X-phybridization, can alter both the intensities and positions of the exciton peaks. A detailed analysis of several deep-lying excitons, with and without strain, elucidates the fact that the exciton is most Frenkel-like in CrCl3and CrBr3and acquires mixed Frenkel–Wannier character in CrI3, making the excitons in CrI3most susceptible to environmental screening and spin–orbit coupling.
Hypothalamic remodeling of thyroid hormone signaling during hibernation in the arctic ground squirrel
Authors: Chmura Helen E. , Duncan Cassandra , Saer Ben , Moore Jeanette T. , Barnes Brian M. , Loren Buck C. , Christian Helen C. , Loudon Andrew S. I. , Williams Cory T.
Published: May 2022

Hibernation involves prolonged intervals of profound metabolic suppression periodically interrupted by brief arousals to euthermy, the function of which is unknown. Annual cycles in mammals are timed by a photoperiodically-regulated thyroid-hormone-dependent mechanism in hypothalamic tanycytes, driven by thyrotropin (TSH) in the pars tuberalis (PT), which regulates local TH-converting deiodinases and triggers remodeling of neuroendocrine pathways. We demonstrate that over the course of hibernation in continuous darkness, arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) up-regulate the retrograde TSH/Deiodinase/TH pathway, remodel hypothalamic tanycytes, and activate the reproductive axis. Forcing the premature termination of hibernation by warming animals induced hypothalamic deiodinase expression and the accumulation of secretory granules in PT thyrotrophs and pituitary gonadotrophs, but did not further activate the reproductive axis. We suggest that periodic arousals may allow for the transient activation of hypothalamic thyroid hormone signaling, cellular remodeling, and re-programming of brain circuits in preparation for the short Arctic summer.
Single thermodynamic transition at 2 K in superconducting UTe2 single crystals
Authors: Rosa Priscila F. S. , Weiland Ashley , Fender Shannon S. , Scott Brian L. , Ronning Filip , Thompson Joe D. , Bauer Eric D. , Thomas Sean M.
Published: May 2022

UTe2 is a newly-discovered unconventional superconductor wherein multicomponent topological superconductivity is anticipated based on the presence of two superconducting transitions and time-reversal symmetry breaking in the superconducting state. The observation of two superconducting transitions, however, remains controversial. Here we demonstrate that UTe2 single crystals displaying an optimal superconducting transition temperature at 2 K exhibit a single transition and remarkably high quality supported by their large residual resistance ratio and small residual heat capacity in the superconducting state. Our results shed light on the intrinsic superconducting properties of UTe2 and bring into question whether UTe2 is a multicomponent superconductor at ambient pressure.
Tailoring the dissolution rate and in vitro cell response of silicon nitride coatings through combinatorial sputtering with chromium and niobium
Authors: Skjöldebrand Charlotte , Echeverri Estefanía , Hulsart-Billström Gry , Persson Cecilia
Published: May 2022

The addition of alloying elements, in particular chromium, reduced the dissolution rate of silicon nitride coatings without affecting other functional properties such as hardness. Optimum chromium contents gave an enhanced in vitro cell viability.
Juglophen: a tetradentate non-innocent electron sponge naphthoquinone-imine ligand and its reduced and oxidized nickel complexes [Ni(jp)]−,0,+
Authors: Schumann Henrik , Klein Marius , Prinzisky Christian , Burghaus Olaf , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: May 2022

The synthesis of new tetradentate dianionic N2O2 ligand juglophen (H2jp, 1), its nickel(ii) complex [Ni(jp)] (2) as well as oxidized [Ni(jp)]+ (3) and reduced [Ni(jp)]− (4) ionic species are reported.
On the problem of Dirac cones in fullerenes on gold
Authors: Krivenkov M. , Marchenko D. , Sajedi M. , Fedorov A. , Clark O. J. , Sánchez-Barriga J. , Rienks E. D. L. , Rader O. , Varykhalov A.
Published: May 2022

There are Dirac cone-like features in ARPES spectra of C60 on Au(111). We argue that their origin is not artificial graphene, but umklapp diffraction of surface electronic bands of Au on the molecular grid of C60 in the final state of photoemission.
Crystalline microporous small molecule semiconductors based on porphyrin for high-performance chemiresistive gas sensing
Authors: Deng Wei-Hua , He Liang , Chen Er-Xia , Wang Guan-E. , Ye Xiao-Liang , Fu Zhi-Hua , Lin Qipu , Xu Gang
Published: May 2022

Organic small molecule semiconductor (OSMS) microporous crystals with strong π–π interactions are rare but have great potential in applications requiring both excellent mass and charge transport.
Recent progress in synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccine development
Authors: Ariawan Daryl , van Eersel Janet , Martin Adam D. , Ke Yazi D. , Ittner Lars M.
Published: May 2022

Self-adjuvanting moieties are class of molecules that when conjugated/assembled with synthetic antigen can trigger the immune response.
An interconnected-graphene enveloped titanium dioxide flower as a robust support for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Gao Jie , Sun Zhongyin , Wang Jie , Fan Chaohua , Cui Xuejing , Liu Jing , Jiang Luhua
Published: May 2022

A three-dimensional (3D) interconnected-graphene enveloped titanium dioxide flower (TiO2@RGO) as a robust support for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is reported.
Phloretin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting nephrin and podocin reduction through a non-hypoglycemic effect
Authors: Liu Jia , Sun Mingcheng , Xia Yong , Cui Xiaopei , Jiang Jingjing
Published: May 2022

Phloretin has a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy. This beneficial effect possibly involves a non-hypoglycemic mechanism that preserves nephrin and podocin levels, thereby protecting podocytes and GFB from diabetic injury.
Multi-stimuli responsive and intrinsically luminescent polymer metallogel through ring opening copolymerization coupled with thiol-ene click chemistry
Authors: Soman Chindhu , Sebastian Alphy , Mahato Malay Krishna , Varadaraju U. V. , Prasad Edamana
Published: May 2022

A multi-responsive white light emitting polymer metallogel with reversible vapochromism and irreversible chemochromism.
Cu3N/Cu2O core–shell nanowires: growth and properties
Authors: Mavridou Kalliopi , Katsikini Maria , Othonos Andreas , Florini Nikoletta , Komninou Philomela , Zervos Matthew
Published: May 2022

CuO nanowires were grown on Cu foils at 600 °C, coated with Cu and converted into Cu3N/Cu2O core–shell nanowires under NH3:H2 at 400 °C. The structural and optical properties are described in detail as well as its potential for energy applications.
Image processing with a multi-level ultra-fast three dimensionally integrated perovskite nanowire array
Authors: Poddar Swapnadeep , Zhang Yuting , Chen Zhesi , Ma Zichao , Fu Yu , Ding Yucheng , Chan Chak Lam Jonathan , Zhang Qianpeng , Zhang Daquan , Song Zhitang , Fan Zhiyong
Published: May 2022

Three-dimensional perovskite nanowire array based electrochemical metallization induced resistive RAM was utilized to demonstrate ultra-fast, multi-level switching and implementation of image processingviadesign of convolutional kernels.
Red carbon dot directed biocrystalline alignment for piezoelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Chuanfeng , Shao Dingyun , Lu Liang , Cao Jingjing , Wang Xuanlun , Lu Jun , Yang Weiqing
Published: May 2022

This study presents the first demonstration that luminous carbon dots direct a large-scale alignment of biocrystalline piezo-phase, thus significantly facilitating the piezo-energy harvesting of Earth abundant naturally occurring biomaterials.
Rapid sensing and imaging of methylglyoxal in living cells enabled by a near-infrared fluorescent probe
Authors: Xu Hai , Liu Xin-Rong , Cai Zheng-Hong , Zheng Jianfeng , Wang Ya-Wen , Peng Yu
Published: May 2022

A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe has been developed for the rapid detection of methylglyoxal.
Tandem metathesis depolymerization and cyclopolymerization toward flexible–rigid block copolymers with unique damping properties
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Quan Ying , Wang Hao , Han Huijing , Liao Xiaojuan , Sun Ruyi , Xie Meiran
Published: May 2022

Triblock copolymers containing shortened natural rubber segments and polyacetylene segments were synthesized by tandem metathesis depolymerization and cyclopolymerization, and modified by triazolinedione toward unique damping properties.
Promoting oxygen reduction via crafting bridge-bonded oxygen ligands on a single-atom iron catalyst
Authors: Xu Chuanlan , Si Yujun , Hu Bingbing , Xu Xinru , Hu Bihao , Jiang Ying , Chen Haifeng , Guo Chaozhong , Li Honglin , Chen Changguo
Published: May 2022

A bonding confinement strategy was used to anchor FePc molecules on a pre-synthesized Fe–N–C material with axially coordinated O-FeN4 sites. The O-FeN4 sites can improve charge transfer and promote ORR activity.
Phytic acid assisted ultra-fastin situconstruction of Ni foam-supported amorphous Ni–Fe phytates to enhance catalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Gao Taotao , Wu Shuaiwei , Li Xiaoqin , Lin Chaohong , Yue Qu , Tang Xiangmin , Yu Shumin , Xiao Dan
Published: May 2022

A phytic acid-induced etching and complexation growth strategy is used to fastly prepare the amorphous bimetallic Ni–Fe phytate with a cross-linked structure on nickel foam, which shows efficient catalytic activity and robust stability for OER.
Triple optically modulated and enzymatically responsive organic afterglow materials for dynamic anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Qiu Haijiang , Wang Wensong , Cheng Hongrui , Lu Yongfeng , Li Min , Chen Haixin , Fang Xiao , Jiang Cheng , Zheng Yuanhui
Published: May 2022

A dynamic afterglow security label, with wavelength-dependent, temperature-switchable, time-resolved and nanozyme-responsive quad-modulation characteristics and visual verification capability is developed.
Exploiting the synergistic effect of multiphase MnO2 stabilized by an integrated conducting network for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Fu Na , Zhao Qingyuan , Xu Yuting , Wang Hongrui , Hu Junping , Wu Yuping , Yang Linlin , Wu Xiongwei , Zeng Xianxiang
Published: May 2022

An integrated conducting network resolves the poor conductivity and Mn dissolution of a multiphase MnO2 composite cathode for zinc-ion batteries.
Asymmetric total syntheses of five pyrrole-type Stemona alkaloids
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Shi Tao , Yin Gaofeng , Wang Yuqing , Li Zhao , Wang Zhen
Published: May 2022

The asymmetric total syntheses of five pyrrole-type Stemona alkaloids were accomplished, among which 3-n-butylneostemonine and bisdehydroneostemonine were synthesized for the first time, and the NMR data of bisdehydroneostemonine were revised.
THF-enabled PtBr2-catalyzed desymmetric hydrogenative [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 2-alkynylbenzaldehyde-tethered cyclohexadienones
Authors: Hu Rui , Chen Jichao , Wang Zeliang , Shang Dandan , Yu Lei , Chan Philip Wai Hong , Rao Weidong
Published: May 2022

A rare instance in platinum catalysis of anin situformed Pt-bound benzopyrylium species that undergoes [3 + 2] cycloaddition with an electron-deficient alkene tether followed by THF-enabled hydrogenation.
Simple simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin and metronidazole in complex biological matrices
Authors: El-Yazbi Amira F. , Aboukhalil Faten M. , Khamis Essam F. , Elkhatib Mohammed A. W. , El-Sayed Mahmoud A. , Youssef Rasha M.
Published: May 2022

A simple, sensitive and rapid RP-HPLC method is presented, for the first time, for the simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and metronidazole in different biological fluids including saliva and plasma without any matrix interference.
Fabrication of composite material of RuCo2O4and graphene on nickel foam for supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Meng Jingjing , Lu Shixiang , Xu Wenguo , Li Shuguang , Dong Xiuqi
Published: May 2022

The RuCo2O4/rGO@NF composite electrode has been prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method and annealing process, with high specific capacitance and excellent cycle stability.
Development of a bioorthogonal fluorescence-based assay for assessing drug uptake and delivery in bacteria
Authors: Ooi Jocelyn M. F. , Fairhall Jessica M. , Spangler Benjamin , Chong Daniel J. W. , Feng Brian Y. , Gamble Allan B. , Hook Sarah
Published: May 2022

Bioorthogonal alkyne–azide and alkyne–tetrazine chemistries were used to assess drug uptake in bacteria. Azido-drug reacts with streptavidin bound alkyne-biotin within bacteria, the remaining unreacted alkyne is then quantified with a tetrazine-dye.
Point mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants induce long-range dynamical perturbations in neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Ray Dhiman , Quijano Riley Nicolas , Andricioaei Ioan
Published: May 2022

Mutations in the new variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein modulates the dynamics of the neutralizing antibodies. Capturing such modulations from MD simulations and graph network model identifies the role of mutations in facilitating immune evasion.
Co-sputtering of lithium vanadium oxide thin films with variable lithium content to enable advanced solid-state batteries
Authors: Ferrari Victoria C. , Kim Nam S. , Lee Sang Bok , Rubloff Gary W. , Stewart David M.
Published: May 2022

A co-sputtering process for pre-lithiation of vanadium oxide was successfully developed. The performance is comparable to an electrochemical lithiation of vanadium oxide, which enables its use as a cathode layer in thin-film solid-state batteries.
Magnetically controlled reversible shape-morphing microrobots with real-time X-ray imaging for stomach cancer applications
Authors: Darmawan Bobby Aditya , Gong Dohoon , Park Hyeongyu , Jeong Songah , Go Gwangjun , Kim Seokjae , Nguyen Kim Tien , Zheng Shirong , Nan Minghui , Nguyen Van Du , Bang Doyeon , Kim Chang-Sei , Kim Hyungwoo , Park Jong-Oh , Choi Eunpyo
Published: May 2022

A magnetically controlled microrobot was designed to perform reversible shape-morphing under pH conditions and real-time imaging under X-ray.
Ultrabroad wavelength absorption in high-temperature solar selective absorber coatings enabled by high-entropy nanoceramic AlTiZrHfNbN for high-performance solar-thermal conversion
Authors: Zhao Shuai-Sheng , He Cheng-Yu , Chen Kai , Liu Bao-Hua , Qiu Xiao-Li , Guo Hui-Xia , Liu Gang , Gao Xiang-Hu
Published: May 2022

A tailored synthesis method is used to yield AlTiZrHfNbN based coatings with excellent spectral selectivity, showing an ultrabroad absorption wavelength range at or beyond the level of solar selective absorber coatings.
A multiwavelength study of the W33 Main ultracompact HII region
Authors: Khan S. , Pandian J. D. , Lal D. V. , Rugel M. R. , Brunthaler A. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Medina S.-N. X. , Dzib S. A. , Nguyen H.
Published: May 2022

Aims. The dynamics of ionized gas around the W33 Main ultracompact HII region is studied using observations of hydrogen radio recombination lines and a detailed multiwavelength characterization of the massive star-forming region W33 Main is performed.

Methods. We used the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) to observe the H167α recombination line at 1.4 GHz at an angular resolution of 10″, and Karl. G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) data acquired in the GLOSTAR survey that stacks six recombination lines from 4–8 GHz at 25″ resolution to study the dynamics of ionized gas. We also observed the radio continuum at 1.4 GHz and 610 MHz with the GMRT and used GLOSTAR 4-8 GHz continuum data to characterize the nature of the radio emission. In addition, archival data from submillimeter to near-infrared wavelengths were used to study the dust emission and identify young stellar objects in the W33 Main star-forming region.

Results. The radio recombination lines were detected at good signal to noise in the GLOSTAR data, while the H167α radio recombination line was marginally detected with the GMRT. The spectral index of radio emission in the region determined from GMRT and GLOSTAR shows the emission to be thermal in the entire region. Along with W33 Main, an arc-shaped diffuse continuum source, G12.81–0.22, was detected with the GMRT data. The GLOSTAR recombination line data reveal a velocity gradient across W33 Main and G12.81–0.22. The electron temperature is found to be 6343 K and 4843 K in W33 Main and G12.81–0.22, respectively. The physical properties of the W33 Main molecular clump were derived by modeling the dust emission using data from the ATLASGAL and Hi-GAL surveys and they are consistent with the region being a relatively evolved site of massive star formation. The gas dynamics and physical properties of G12.81–0.22 are consistent with the HII region being in an evolved phase and its expansion on account of the pressure difference is slowing down.
Dynamical evolution of a self-gravitating planetesimal disk in the distant trans-Neptunian region
Authors: Emel’yanenko V. V.
Published: May 2022

Aims. We study the dynamical evolution of a system consisting of the giant planets and a massive planetesimal disk over the age of the Solar System. The main question addressed in this study is whether distant trans-Neptunian objects could have come about as a result of the combined action of planetary perturbations and the self-gravity of the disk.

Methods. We carried out a series of full N-body numerical simulations of gravitational interactions between the giant planets and a massive outer disk of planetesimals.

Results. Our simulations show that the collective gravity of the giant planets and massive planetesimals produces distant trans-Neptunian objects across a wide range of the initial disk mass. The majority of objects that survive up through the age of the Solar System have perihelion distances of q >  40 au. In this region, there is a tendency toward a slow decrease in eccentricities and an increase in perihelion distances for objects with semimajor axes a >  150 au. Secular resonances between distant planetesimals play a major role in increasing their perihelion distances. This explains the origin of Sedna-type objects. In our integrations for the age of the Solar System, we registered times with both high and low clustering of longitudes of perihelion and arguments of perihelion for objects with q >  40 au, a >  150 au. The resulting distribution of inclinations in our model and the observed distribution of inclinations for distant trans-Neptunian objects have similar average values of around 20°.

Conclusions. Distant trans-Neptunian objects are a natural consequence in the models that include migrating giant planets and a self-gravitating planetesimal disk.
BEYONDPLANCK
Authors: Herman D. , Watson R. A. , Andersen K. J. , Aurlien R. , Banerji R. , Bersanelli M. , Bertocco S. , Brilenkov M. , Carbone M. , Colombo L. P. L. , Eriksen H. K. , Foss M. K. , Franceschet C. , Fuskeland U. , Galeotta S. , Galloway M. , Gerakakis S. , Gjerløw E. , Hensley B. , Iacobellis M. , Ieronymaki M. , Ihle H. T. , Jewell J. B. , Karakci A. , Keihänen E. , Keskitalo R. , Maggio G. , Maino D. , Maris M. , Mennella A. , Paradiso S. , Partridge B. , Reinecke M. , Suur-Uski A.-S. , Svalheim T. L. , Tavagnacco D. , Thommesen H. , Watts D. J. , Wehus I. K. , Zacchei A.
Published: May 2022

We describe the correction procedure for Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) differential non-linearities (DNL) adopted in the Bayesian end-to-end BEYONDPLANCKanalysis framework. This method is nearly identical to that developed for the officialPlanckLow Frequency Instrument (LFI) Data Processing Center (DPC) analysis, and relies on the binned rms noise profile of each detector data stream. However, rather than building the correction profile directly from the raw rms profile, we first fit a Gaussian to each significant ADC-induced rms decrement, and then derive the corresponding correction model from this smooth model. The main advantage of this approach is that only samples which are significantly affected by ADC DNLs are corrected, as opposed to the DPC approach in which the correction is applied to all samples, filtering out signals not associated with ADC DNLs. The new corrections are only applied to data for which there is a clear detection of the non-linearities, and for which they perform at least comparably with the DPC corrections. Out of a total of 88 LFI data streams (sky and reference load for each of the 44 detectors) we apply the new minimal ADC corrections in 25 cases, and maintain the DPC corrections in 8 cases. All these corrections are applied to 44 or 70 GHz channels, while, as in previous analyses, none of the 30 GHz ADCs show significant evidence of non-linearity. By comparing the BEYONDPLANCKand DPC ADC correction methods, we estimate that the residual ADC uncertainty is about two orders of magnitude below the total noise of both the 44 and 70 GHz channels, and their impact on current cosmological parameter estimation is small. However, we also show that non-idealities in the ADC corrections can generate sharp stripes in the final frequency maps, and these could be important for future joint analyses with thePlanckHigh Frequency Instrument (HFI), Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), or other datasets. We therefore conclude that, although the existing corrections are adequate for LFI-based cosmological parameter analysis, further work on LFI ADC corrections is still warranted.
A gender approach to wine innovation and organic wine preferences
Authors: Nieto-Villegas Roberto , Rabadán Adrián , Bernabéu Rodolfo
Published: May 2022

The development of innovative products, such as novel wines, is rejected by certain consumers that value attributes that may conflict with innovation. This is the case of the organic production label. The present study examined the impact of gender on wine purchasing preferences for innovative and organic wines. The findings showed that price is the most important attribute for both men and women when buying wine. The results also revealed that women assign greater importance to the production system (organic/conventional) than men. The segmentation generated according to the level of wine neophobia revealed significant differences between men and women in the frequency of wine consumption and the socioeconomic variables considered (age, educational level and income). The level of wine neophobia was higher in women than in men, but, in both genders, it increased with age and decreased as income and educational level increased. Women’s lesser interest in innovative wines and their more positive attitude towards organic wines encourages the consideration of women as a segment in which tradition and naturalness related to wine should be specifically taking into account.
A Discussion on Adaptive Applications of Some Chinese Design Codes in Guinea and Localization of Flood Standards
Authors: Ma Zixuan , Zhu Dan , Du Caiming
Published: May 2022

Chinese engineering team participated in the construction of several water conservancy and hydropower projects in areas which have differences in climate characteristics from China. Due to a lack of hydrological and climatic data and the absence of systematic design specifications in these areas, considering construction safety, most of the Chinese designs and constructions are based on the extreme values with the Chinese design codes. The S Project in Guinea established a rainfall-runoff model through open-source remote sensing satellite precipitation data and limited hydrological station measured runoff data，allowing to refine local hydrological data. Based on these data series, it was then possible to calculate flood control standards with more local hydrological characteristics in order to promote the progress of the project scientifically. In addition, combining the refined discharging curve of the outlet hole with the latest arc gate online monitoring technology, and the joint dispatch with the downstream hydropower station, permitted that the downstream K Hydropower Station created historic power generation in 2019 with significant economic and social benefits.
Dams and territories: ITCOLD’s initiatives to promote proactive dialogue
Authors: Mazzà Guido , Frigerio Antonella
Published: May 2022

In Italy there are over 530 large dams mainly for energy production and water supply. At present, the multipurpose use of water resources is strongly influenced by problems related to the aging of dams and the ongoing climate change which affects the water availability. On the other hand, the European energy and climate directives require to preserve the existing hydropower generation and to increase storage capacity to better exploit non-programmable renewable energy sources. These choices require the identification of methods and actions to deal with the complex relationship between the dams and their host territories which represents a critical point on the way to attain the energy and climate goals considering that part of the media and public opinion often have a negative view on the role of dams and reservoirs. These considerations are at the basis of the regional initiatives “Dams and territory” promoted by ITCOLD (Italian Committee on Large Dams) which since 2014 has organized annual workshops whose aim is to promote dialogue between dam owners and interested parties to identify a point of balance between the various interests that sometimes conflict with each other. The paper represents an updating of the work presented during the 10th ICOLD European Club Symposium held in Antalya (Turkey) on October 2016 and synthesizes the results gathered in the 6 workshops held so far. The project could represent a possible point of reference for other countries wishing to undertake similar initiatives.
The development of a risk screening indexing tool for prioritizing dam safety remedial works
Authors: Zielinski Przemyslaw A. , Narayan Pràmod , Donnelly C. Richard , Halpin Eric , Quebbeman Jonathan , Qaddumi Halla Maher , Singh Chabungbam Rajagopal , Ueda Satoru , Wishart Marcus
Published: May 2022

Under India’s DRIP program over 5,000 large dams are to be rehabilitated in accordance with modern dam safety standards. In order to prioritize the rehabilitation works for such a large number of dams, India’s Central Water Commission, needed a risk screening tool to allow for a portfolio risk screening. The tool was developed by simplifying sound principles of risk analysis followed by a comprehensive validation process. The application of the tool is relatively easy and the process of generating risk index for a single dam may take as little as few hours to 1-2 days, depending on the availability of data and personnel familiar with the dam making the tool ideal for helping to prioritize dam safety remedial projects for India’s dam safety program and for other large portfolio’s around the world.
Development of effective pre-release method for dams during super typhoons using long-term ensemble rainfall forecasts
Authors: Kido Kentaro , Tano Hiroaki , Sumi Tetsuya , Nohara Daisuke , Michihiro Yuri , Kitani Kazuhiro
Published: May 2022

Against the background of increasing frequency of heavy rainfall due to climate change, an analytical approach to maximize the effective use of the reservoir from both flood control and water utilization was conducted. Simulations by applying statistical down-scaling method to the long-term ensemble rainfall forecast by ECMWF on a dam basin where a large inflow occurred during the Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 were shown. The results show that it is possible to use long-term ensemble rainfall forecasts to gain a temporal, stochastic understanding of total rainfall, required flood storage volumes, and recoverable reserves. Based on this understanding, a calculation method for setting release rates that correspond to effective pre-release start times and changes in rainfall forecasts in order to minimize both flood control and water service risks was proposed.
Gestion coordonnée des barrages du bassin du Niger
Authors: Brachet Christophe , Laloux Solène , Kone Soungalo , de Bonviller Arnaud , Tanimoun Bachir , Dhont Blaise
Published: May 2022

Le bassin du Niger représente un important potentiel de développement régional, en particulier s’agissant de l’irrigation et de l’hydroélectricité. Un enjeu majeur pour l’Autorité du Bassin du Niger (ABN) et ses neuf États membres est la cohérence globale de l’aménagement du bassin et de sa gestion. Les grands barrages structurants existants sont Sélingué au Mali, Kandadji au Niger, Kainji, Jebba, Shiroro, Dadin Kowa au Nigeria et Lagdo au Cameroun. Les projets en cours sont ceux de Fomi et Taoussa en Guinée et au Mali. L’Annexe 2 à la Charte de l’eau de l’ABN relative au Règlement d’eau pour la gestion coordonnée des barrages structurants a été élaborée en 2019 par le groupement CACG – OIEau – Nodalis - ISL et validée fin 2019 par le Conseil des Ministres de l’ABN. Sa mise en application repose sur une actualisation du modèle d’allocation des ressources en eau de l’ABN et sur un outil de gestion tactique. Outre le recueil des données et l’opérationnalisation des prévisions, les améliorations possibles de la gestion coordonnée des barrages du bassin du Niger concernent en particulier la mise en oeuvre du Comité Technique Permanent de l’ABN, en charge de l’application du Règlement de gestion coordonnée. Plus généralement une organisation institutionnelle cohérente est nécessaire, ainsi qu’une reconnaissance justifiée du rôle de l’ABN.
Lessons Learned from Flood Management in Iran
Authors: Fadaeifard Mostafa , Danesh-Yazdi Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Iran has a longstanding challenge in supplying water during prolonged drought periods. This has drawn considerable attention towards the dam industry over the past four decades, leading to the study, construction and operation of several large dams. These dams played a critical role in controlling the massive floods of 2019 and 2020, among others. Nevertheless, due to the increased intensity and frequency of extreme events because of climate change, the downstream regions of these large storage dams still face significant damages. This is mainly attributed to the insufficient dredging of rivers and tributaries, lack of rule curve and operation guideline for some storage dams, inaccurate prediction of flood volume, violation of land-use and water management action plans, promotion of industries with high water need, and floodplain encroachment. In this study, we aim to evaluate the performance of several large dams in the Karkheh and Karoon river basin, located in southwestern Iran, in managing the floods took place in the aforementioned periods. We also discuss the challenges and the lessons learned, with suggestions for improving the flood management in the country.
Hydroelectric production in Akosombo, and the development of irrigated agriculture upstream, a fair balance to be found to reconcile regional energy and food security. - Challenges of the Volta Basin Water Charter
Authors: Balique Clément , Chazot Sébastien
Published: May 2022

The Volta River is a West African river that flows from Burkina Faso to Ghana where it empties into the Atlantic Ocean. It basin extends over six countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali and Togo. These states, members of the Volta Basin Authority, have committed themselves to drawing up a Water Charter. One of the challenges of this international agreement is to agree on a reasonable level of abstraction to reconcile food and energy security for the populations, while guaranteeing the minimum needs of the ecosystems. Supported by an appropriation of the needs-resources balance through the use of Lego® bricks, their reflection was supported by a hydro-economic analysis. This analysis consisted in comparing the added value associated with an agricultural abstraction - which leads to a definitive consumption of water upstream of the basin, for example in Bagré in Burkina Faso - and the one associated with the same quantity of water if it had been allowed to flow and turbined in one of the hydroelectric facilities located further downstream, for example in the large Akosombo dam in Ghana. The results show that the agricultural valorisation of a continuous abstraction of one m3/s, i.e. 30 Mm3 per year, allows to irrigate 1,500 ha and generates an added value of 1,300 M FCFA per year, i.e. 44 FCFA/m3. This volume of 30 Mm3, taken upstream of the dam would induce a loss of hydroelectric production of 6 GWh/year, worth 297 M FCFA, i.e. 10 FCFA/m3. The economic value of each m3 withdrawn to develop irrigated agriculture upstream of the basin is thus higher than that of each m3 turbined in the Akosombo-Kpong complex. Within the limit of an acceptable reduction of hydropower production, the economic development of the basin as a whole would thus benefit from the development of irrigated agriculture.
Ma Rivière et moi / Une plateforme numérique d’EDF Hydro pour renforcer le dialogue avec les usagers de la rivière et les acteurs des territoires
Authors: Lemarquis David , Boesch Pierre-Yves , Escapil Inchauspe Jean-François , Roux Romain , Peltier Rémy , Delvert Anne
Published: May 2022

Informer, sensibiliser, écouter, notifier, voilà ce que Ma Rivière et moi propose au travers d’une plateforme numérique. Construit avec les parties prenantes du territoire, l’outil répond aux attentes de transparence et de dialogue autour de la rivière et de l’hydroélectricité. Des données numériques issues du fonctionnement des aménagements alimentent Ma Rivière et moi pour renseigner les utilisateurs sur l’état de fonctionnement des centrales hydroélectriques, la production, le remplissage des lacs, l’accessibilité des mises à l’eau. Les contenus s’articulent autour de la description des ouvrages, des chantiers et leurs impacts éventuels, des partenariats sportifs et culturels. Une dimension particulière est accordée à la sécurité grâce à la cartographie des tronçons de rivières influencés. Enfin, tout utilisateur peut s’abonner à des notifications sur des évènements exceptionnels, et dialoguer avec EDF Hydro notamment pour signaler une situation potentiellement anormale. Le projet a débuté par des ateliers participatifs avec les parties prenantes de la vallée d’Aspe (Pyrénées) et d’Arlysère (Alpes). Le prototype a fait l’objet de tests auprès de riverains et d’élus, avant d’être mis en ligne en juillet 2019. Aujourd’hui Ma Rivière et moi couvre une centaine d’ouvrages hydroélectriques, et est disponible en application smartphone et site internet.
Reservoir sedimentation mitigation measures to deal with a severe drought at Graaff-Reinet, South Africa
Authors: Basson Gerrit , Bosman Eddie , Vonkeman Jeanine
Published: May 2022

The Nqweba Dam is one of the oldest dams in South Africa and was commissioned in 1925 for irrigation. The original reservoir depth at the dam wall was 31 m, but over the years sedimentation has reduced the water depth to 9.8 m. The original storage capacity of 79 million m3 has decreased to 46 million m3 by 2020. The dam supplies the town of Graaff-Reinet and due to the growing population at 1.9% pa it was realised in 1995 that the water use should change from irrigation to 100% potable use. For the past 25 years the town has been supplied from the dam when it has water and from ground water when the dam runs empty during droughts. The current water requirement of the town is 3.3 million m3/a and during 2019 the dam ran dry, while the ground water resource only supplied less than 50% of the demand. Urgent short and medium term measures were sought to solve the water crisis. Dam raising was found not to be beneficial, but options to increase storage capacity such as dredging or a new off-channel dam, and reduce evaporation such as floating balls/solar panels on part of the reservoir will restore the dam’s firm yield.
Study on the Koshibu Dam sediment bypass tunnel operation based on sediment transport monitoring in upstream reaches
Authors: Koshiba Takahiro , Miura Sawa , Sumi Tetsuya
Published: May 2022

SBTs (sediment bypass tunnels) are a leading technique to mitigate reservoir sedimentation. SBTs consist of a tunnel connecting the upstream and downstream reaches of a dam and diverts sediment-laden flood directly during flood events. A difficulty in operating SBTs is to reduce sediment inflow into the reservoir effectively, and simultaneously sustaining dam functions such as flood mitigation and hydropower generation. To optimize the problem in controlling the timings required in opening and closing the gates in the SBTs, which are governed by the hydrograph and inflow sediment data. Despite many studies on SBT operations considering hydrograph, there are few of those on the temporal change of sediment inflow. Ultimately, this study aims at improving SBT operations by understanding sediment inflow from upstream reaches using an indirect bedload monitoring system called an impact sensor. For this study, the Koshibu River basin was chosen because impact sensors are already placed in several locations around the basin including inside of the SBT. This observation has revealed the amount of transported sediment during each season in a year, are shown with relations between hydrograph and sediment inflow, and the spatial transient of sediment transport peak levels. According to these observations, desirable rules for SBT operations are suggested.
Quelle gouvernance pour l’acceptabilité sociale et environnementale de nouveaux réservoirs pour l’adaptation au changement climatique ?
Authors: Dayde Charlotte , Devot Alice , Savatier Jérémy , Manzato Lyvia , Tramond Claire , Loudière Daniel
Published: May 2022

Ces dernières années, les projets de mobilisation de la ressource en eau pour l’irrigation et le soutien d’étiage de Sivens et de Caussade ont fait l’objet de conflits. En réponse à l’expérience de Sivens, le gouvernement français a défini, dans deux instructions de 2015 et de 2019, les modalités de développement des nouveaux projets dans le cadre des Projets de Territoire pour la Gestion de l’Eau (PTGE) dans le but de renforcer les processus de concertation et de favoriser l’acceptabilité de ce type de projets. Dans un premier temps, l’article rappelle la chronologie des cas de Sivens et de Caussade, puis analyse le dispositif de PTGE et sa capacité à lever les freins à la mise en oeuvre de tels projets. Enfin, il rappelle à quelles normes environnementales et sociales sont soumis les projets d’infrastructure financés par les bailleurs internationaux. Notamment, l’implication des parties prenantes dans le processus d’élaboration des projets est un point clé de leur bonne préparation et leur mise en oeuvre. Ainsi, l’article propose en conclusion des facteurs clés pour la réussite et l’acceptabilité sociale et environnementale des ouvrages de stockage de l’eau.
Integrated water resources management in the Loukkos basin (Morocco): an approach to improve resilience under climate change impact
Authors: Benchbani Ikram , Sebari Karima , Zemzami Mahmoud
Published: May 2022

The Loukkos basin located in northern Morocco is characterized by developed agriculture and a significant water demand. The water needs are mainly satisfied from the Oued El Makhazine dam on Loukkos River. This dam is impacted by the silting up of its reservoir and by the large amount of not valued water discharged into the sea. The aim of this study is to develop an approach to secure water supply and promote an optimal use of basin water resources, using the decision-making tool RIBASIM. The study includes an assessment of the hydraulic performances of the current situation and an analysis of two scenarios by the 2050 horizon that are tested under climate change impacts. The analysis of the first scenario without actions shows an average deficit of 20 million cubic meters (MCM). The second scenario including the new dam shows an increase in the regularised volume by 20% and the water resource meet fully the water needs. However, they remain vulnerable to the climate change impacts, and imply that certain measures have to be undertaken. This article presents one of these measures, which consists of developing an approach to interconnect existing dams in the Loukkos basin.