bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN SPAIN: STATUS AND FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION
Authors: Chikhladze Levan T. , Komlev Evgeniy Y.
Published: December 2019

The article examines the local self-government legislation of Spain and legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Spain. The norms of the Constitution of Spain regulating the issues of the organization of local self-government are analyzed. The influence of various aspects on their content is studied. The authors also studied the problem of distribution of legal regulation of the local government powers between the state and the autonomous communities taking into consideration the features of the administrative-territorial structure of Spain. The study appears to be relevant due to the fact that the issues of legal regulation of local government in Spain within the Russian science of municipal law are practically not studied. The study of foreign experience in this field helps to expand the scope of scientific researches. Spanish experience in this area also seems relevant due to the relatively recent change in the political regime. The aim of the work is to identify the features of the legal regulation of local government in Spain. As a result of the study, it was established that in Spain the subsidiary procedure for the legal regulation of local self-government by the state and autonomous communities is applied. The content of the norms of the Spanish Constitution on local self-government is determined. The distinctive features of the Spanish legislation on local self-government are identified.
Relação entre aquíferos susceptíveis à contaminação e Áreas de Preservação Permanente Hídrica em Ijuí, RS
Authors: ROSA Cristiano Niederauer da , TASSI Rutinéia , DE BORBA Willian Fernando , FAVARETTO Jean Ricardo , FERNANDES Gabriel D'Avila , SILVÉRIO DA SILVA José Luiz
Published: December 2019

A água subterrânea, embora possa estar protegida pelo meio natural, também pode ser contaminada, especialmente em razão de aterros sanitários, despejos industriais e domésticos, atividades agrícolas e minerais, entre outras. Nesse contexto, esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a susceptibilidade à contaminação das águas subterrâneas no município de Ijuí no oeste do Rio Grande do Sul utilizando-se do método IS (índice de susceptibilidade) frente às áreas de preservação permanente hídricas (APPh). A susceptibilidade foi determinada a partir do método IS, que avalia os parâmetros de recarga, profundidade do nível freático, declividade, material do aquífero e uso do solo. Devido à importância das APPh na recarga do aquífero, estas foram identificadas e analisadas com especial interesse. O índice de susceptibilidade indicou que 0,36% da área total do município apresentou susceptibilidade classificada como muito baixa, 11,22% como baixa, 50,12% de moderada à baixa, 37,97% de moderada à alta e apenas 0,30% elevada. Cerca de 7% da área total do município foi identificada como área de preservação permanente, sendo que deste percentual, a maior parcela encontra-se na classe de susceptibilidade de moderada à alta (3,29%), e o restante das áreas de preservação permanente se enquadraram na classe de susceptibilidade baixa. A ferramenta metodológica utilizada mostrou-se importante na identificação de áreas de maior susceptibilidade à contaminação do aquífero, e a importância da manutenção das áreas de preservação permanente no município de Ijuí, RS.
Arqueologia Preventiva da Linha de Transmissão 800 kV Xingú/Estreito e Instalações Associadas: Cenários arqueológicos regionais
Authors: Galdino Clayton
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo pretende apresentar os resultados obtidos no âmbito do projeto de Arqueologia Preventiva da Linha de Transmissão 800 kV Xingú/Estreito e Instalações Associadas. Direciona o foco nos patrimônios identificados na gestão deste patrimônio em contextos rurais, pertinentes a pessoas simples do campo, via de regra esquecidas em programas de amplo espectro. Para tal, uma breve abordagem do subcampo Arqueologia da Paisagem é apresentada.
As dimensões da construção social do patrimônio no Museu Vivo do São Bento
Authors: Cordeiro Tatiane Oliveira de Assumpção
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo pretende apresentar as dimensões da construção social do patrimônio no âmbito de uma instituição que trabalha com a memória, com a história e com o patrimônio da região da qual se insere, a Baixada Fluminense, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho traz a experiência do Museu Vivo do São Bento. Uma rica e inovadora experiência, sob o viés da museologia social, que atribui ao Museu o papel de agente com função social a partir de práticas que respeitem a diversidade cultural e integrem, de fato, a comunidade local. Desde a oficialização da sua criação, em 2008, através da reivindicação dos profissionais da área da educação do município de Duque de Caxias, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Museu se constitui como um espaço de luta e resistência, e seus atores sociais buscam que essa instituição tenha ampla inserção entre os diferentes grupos sociais da Baixada Fluminense. E, através da perspectiva da educação patrimonial, inscrevem um processo importante de experimentação da própria perspectiva do patrimônio cultural. Essa experimentação é apreendida por meio de atividades, projetos/programas, além de sua própria inserção enquanto agente social, político, educacional e cultural.
Os (des)caminhos da coleção arqueológica do Museu do Ceará e da gestão de acervos arqueológicos no Estado (1932-2012)
Authors: Holanda Cristina Rodrigues , Lage Maria Conceição Soares Meneses
Published: December 2019

A pesquisa realizada teve por objetivo analisar os processos de formação e preservação da coleção arqueológica do Museu do Ceará, bem como os seus desmembramentos para a formação de outras coleções, como a do Museu do Instituto do Ceará e o Instituto de Antropologia do Ceará, buscando compreender como o tratamento dado para um acervo específico pode ajudar a pensar os próprios (des)caminhos da gestão cultural de coleções arqueológicas no território cearense, bem como pode contribuir, na atualidade, para o desenvolvimento dos trabalhos arqueológicos no Brasil.
Clinical-epidemiological and pathogenetic features of viral hepatitis C in the hemodialysis departments
Authors: Akalaev R. N. , Aripkhodzhaeva G. Z. , Rashidova S. A. , Abdullaev A. N. , Khashimov K. A.
Published: December 2019

Background. Today, the programmed hemodialysis belongs to the clinical medicine area where patients are at a constant risk of viral hepatitis infection. This is associated with surgical interventions on the vessels, fairly frequent transfusions of blood components, and regular hemodialysis procedures. But in recent years, the ratio of reported cases of viral hepatitis B and C in patients on programmed hemodialysis has changed significantly. With an abrupt increase in the incidence of viral hepatitis C, there is a decrease in the number of registered viral hepatitis B cases.

The aim. To study the clinical, epidemiological and pathogenetic features of viral hepatitis C in hemodialysis units.

Material and methods. A multicenter study was conducted that enrolled the patients from the Programmed Hemodialysis Units in Tashkent and the regional departments of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study involved 395 patients on programmed hemodialysis for 7.5 ± 0.7 years. The age of patients was 43.5 ± 0.91 years. The diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis C was made on the basis of medical history, clinical and laboratory data, and detection of anti-HCV IgG and RNA-HCV in blood.

Results. When analyzing the clinical examination and laboratory test results of 395 patients, the parenteral viral infection markers were detected in 181 patients (45.8%). The analysis of the overall incidence of viral hepatitis showed that chronic viral hepatitis C had the highest rates and was found in 125 patients (31.6%). The analysis of the chronic viral hepatitis C course in the presence of the end-stage chronic renal disease showed that in 11 (34%) of 32 patients of the Main group the disease proceeded as a fulminant form of chronic renal-hepatic failure with the development of adverse outcomes. Twenty seven patients (84%) in this group developed progressive anemia. In 16 patients (50%), persistent polyserositis developed in the form of hydrothorax, ascites, and pericarditis, which reflected the aggravating effect of chronic viral hepatitis C on the course of chronic renal disease.

Conclusions. In Hemodialysis Units, both in the city of Tashkent, and in the regional departments of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the incidence of chronic viral hepatitis C prevails, having the form of a pathological process with a minimally low activity. Chronic viral hepatitis C has an aggravating effect on the course of the underlying disease with the development of adverse outcomes.
A literatura filosófica de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Zacharias Pamela
Published: December 2019

Este artigo se origina a partir do encontro da escrita de Clarice Lispector com a filosofia de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari e propõe aproximações entre a literatura da escritora e os conceitos desenvolvidos pelos autores. Para Deleuze e Guattari, a literatura se faz em um plano de composição e cria perceptos e afectos através de um personagem estético; já a filosofia, tece um plano de imanência para criar seus conceitos que se constroem por meio de um personagem conceitual. Neste artigo, buscou-se discutir em que instância personagens estéticos e personagens conceituais se atravessam. Quais as ressonâncias que textos de Clarice podem provocar no campo filosófico?  Para isso, foram percorridas algumas linhas criativas de sua literatura, como o devir, seguindo-as em busca de visualizar alguns conceitos sensoriais e algumas sensações conceituais que afloram da criação literária da escritora, percorrendo nela uma força filosófica que cria e mobiliza conceitos.
Moving from an internal databank to a sharable multimodal corpus: the MulTeC case
Authors: Aranha Solange , Lopes Queila Barbosa
Published: December 2019

The amount of data produced during teletandem practice can be considered extensive. Since 2011, teletandem researchers at UNESP (Sao Paolo State University) at São José do Rio Preto have been worried about compiling and organizing the data from groups of Brazilian and American students who interact via internet tools to learn each other´s language. This paper aims at describing how the data generated from 2012-2015 and collected according to the procedures described by Aranha, Luvizari-Murad and Moreno (2015) were treated and transformed into Multimodal Teletandem Corpus (MulTeC).
Experiências formativas de psicólogos docentes de uma universidade interiorana: análise fenomenológica
Authors: Pinheiro Bianca Oliveira , Castelo Branco Paulo Coelho , Miranda Rodrigo Lopes
Published: December 2019

Objetivamos compreender o processo formativo de psicólogos docentes de uma instituição pública de ensino superior situada na cidade de Vitória da Conquista, interior do estado da Bahia. A pesquisa foi orientada qualitativamente pelo método fenomenológico empírico de Amedeo Giorgi e foi conduzida por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro docentes. As experiências dos professores apontam para várias dificuldades relacionadas a: adequação da matriz curricular; distanciamento administrativo da sede localizada em Salvador; uma sobrecarga de trabalho, decorrente do número reduzido de docentes. Contudo, as experiências docentes demonstram significados positivos, especialmente do ponto de vista formativo e pessoal para lidar com o desenvolvimento local e institucional, dos aspectos relacionais proximais entre discentes e docentes e do retorno à terra natal. Concluímos, ainda, com o apontamento de pesquisas comparativas entre o processo formativo docente na capital e no interior, além de uma análise do Projeto Político Pedagógico e da matriz curricular do curso pesquisado para entender como ele se configura em suas especificidades na capital e no interior.
Significados atribuídos por profissionais da Psicologia à prática da mediação familiar
Authors: Meotti Loridane , Costa Aline Bogoni
Published: December 2019

Entende-se por significado do trabalho as representações que uma pessoa elabora sobre suas atividades de modo individual, grupal e social. Este artigo, de caráter qualitativo, objetivou identificar os significados atribuídos por profissionais da Psicologia à prática da mediação familiar no contexto judicial do Estado de Santa Catarina. O serviço de mediação familiar ocorre em 73 locais dos 113 Fóruns de Justiça existentes no Estado, sendo que 22 profissionais ocupam o cargo de psicólogo(a) e, destes, 4 (quatro), os quais foram participantes desta pesquisa, estão no Serviço de Mediação Familiar. Aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas fechadas e abertas, cujos dados foram interpretados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Foram identificadas cinco categorias para o significado do trabalho de mediação familiar, sendo elas: 1) a mediação familiar como complexa e difícil; 2) a mediação familiar como uma oportunidade de adquirir novos conhecimentos; 3) a mediação familiar como uma atuação importante ao desenvolvimento da Psicologia; 4) a mediação familiar como central à cultura do trabalho ampliado na Psicologia; e, 5) a mediação familiar como desafiadora e ampla. Discutiu-se acerca do reduzido quadro de profissionais da Psicologia nesta atuação no Estado, o qual consiste-se em um desafio à ampliação desta inserção. E, por fim, a relevância da interdisciplinaridade e as potencialidades da atuação da Psicologia.
Identidade no mundo virtual
Authors: Beserra Rael Bispo
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo analisa-se a influência das comunidades de relacionamentos virtuais no processo de identidade dos seus participantes. A partir da perspectiva da Psicologia Social, são abordados os processos que envolvem as metamorfoses identitárias de pessoas que utilizam comunidades virtuais de relacionamentos como meio importante para suas construções sociais e sua identidade. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa qualitativa que tem como técnica de investigação principal a história de vida. Assim, pela história de vida de “S” – usuária de comunidade virtual por 12 anos – foi possível observar e compreender melhor como uma jovem encontrou no mundo virtual fragmentos emancipatórios que lhe permitiram experimentar importantes saltos qualitativos em seu processo identitário.
Pengaruh Penerapan Permainan Produksi Kapal terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa pada Tema Indahnya Kebersamaan di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 111 Pekanbaru
Authors: Oktaviani Rafika Elsa , Andriani Melly
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh penerapan permaian produksi kapal terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “ Apakah ada pengaruh penerapan permainan produksi kapal terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa pada tema indahnya kebersamaan di kelas IV SDN 111 Pekanbaru.”Penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperimen dengan desain Posttest Only Desain With Nonequivalent Group. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Random Sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 111 Pekanbaru yang terdiri dari 4 kelas dan berjumlah 141 siswa. Hasil uji homogenitas populasi menunjukkan keempat kelas memiliki kemampuan yang tidak jauh berbeda atau kemampuan dasar yang sama (homogen). Melalui teknik Random Sampling, sampel dipilih secara acak sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas IV A sebagai kelas eksperimen jumlah sampel 36 siswa dan IV C sebagai kelas kontrol jumlah sampel 36 siswa.Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan dokumentasi, observasi, dan tes. Berdasarkan hasil data yang diperoleh dari nilai posttes dan dianalisis, data tes yang diuji normalitasnya dengan metode Liliefors menunjukkan Lhitung <Ltabel  maka dapat dikatakan bahwa data berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal. Data postest yang diuji homogenitasnya menunjukkan <  atau 0,00414 < 3,84, maka varians-varians adalah homogen. Setelah data normal dan homogen maka dilanjutkan analisis data dengan menggunakan tes ”t”.  diperoleh nilai thitung = 2,750 berarti bahwa thitung lebih besar dari ttabel  pada taraf signifikan 5% maupun taraf signifikan 1% dengan df=72. Dalam tabel tidak terdapat df=72, maka dari itu digunakan df yang mendekati 72 yaitu df=70. Dengan df diperoleh dari ttabel pada taraf signifikan 5% dan 1% sebesar 2,00 dan 2,65. Ini berarti thitung  >  ttabel, maka diputuskan bahwa Ho ditolak danHa diterima, dengan besar pengaruh 9,76%. Demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran yang menerapkan permainan produksi kapal terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa pada tema indahnya kebersamaan di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 111 Pekanbaru.Kata Kunci: Permainan Produksi Kapal, Hasil Belajar.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA FUZZY LOGIC PADA ROBOT ARM DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN ACCELEROMETER SMARTPHONE ANDROID
Authors: Wirawan Nanda Tommy , Devita Retno
Published: December 2019

Now the development of smart phone technology has evolved rapid, especially Smartphone Android. Where multiple sensors embedded in a mobile phone, primarily an accelerometer sensor support be used of smartphone phone. Accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration reviews Angle X, Y and Z smartphone. So that the sensor is used to review the Movement Robot Arm matching is done with corner acceleration motion X, Y and Z smartphone Method on the system is backed with Fuzzy Logic the which serves to Determine the movement of the robot arm that is sent to the microcontroller. Arm robot system is processed using Matlab 6.1 and using the Software Arduino, and then implanted into the microcontroller, so that the robot goes According movement.

Keywords : Android, Accelerometer, Robot Arm, Fuzzy Logic
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGADUK BUBUR OTOMATIS MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR SUHU BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Thamrin Thamrin , Faiza Delsina , Jasril Ilmiyati Rahmy
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research is to design and make stirring tool of corn grits with rotation speed of stirring based on temperature rise level detected by temperature sensor. Arduino Uno as reader of input data from temperature sensor and set output in the form of motor rotation stirrer, LCD display and buzzer. The benefits of this research in the field of application of electronics sensors in food processing, especially the effective and efficient corn grits processing. Both in terms of time, cost, energy and safety.

Keywords: Designing, Stirring, Corn Grits, Arduino Uno, Sensor
ANALISA KEAMANAN INTERNET MENGGUNAKAN NESSUS DAN ETHEREAL UNIVERSITAS PUTRA INDONESIA “YPTK” PADANG
Authors: Nurdin Rizki
Published: December 2019

With the existence of this information will be easily obtained, the exchange of data that occurs in the virtual world will increase. In addition to the development of this technology, unwittingly evolved also crimes that occur in cyberspace that can harm users who access these sites, ranging from the delivery of viruses, spamming or other types of crime. So that institutions connected in an Internet network will be very vulnerable to network security at the institution. This is given that the productivity of an institution or company will depend on the performance of the network in it. Damage that occurs in a network will result in data exchange that occurs on the network will slow or even damage the network system. Therefore a mechanism that is used to analyze network security is required. Computer network security systems connected to the Internet must be planned and well understood in order to protect the resources within the network effectively.

Keywords : Nessus and Ethereal, Internet Security
Bitter, Sabine y Weber, Helmut (eds.). (2018). Autogestion or Henri Lefebvre in New Belgrade. Berlín: Sternberg Press
Authors: Espinosa Zepeda Horacio
Published: December 2019

Bitter, Sabine y Weber, Helmut (eds.). (2018). Autogestion or Henri Lefebvre in New Belgrade. Berlín: Sternberg Press
Providência divina: até as últimas consequências | Divine providence: Until the last consequences
Authors: Anéas André
Published: December 2019

A providência divina e seu desdobramento mais delicado, a dupla predestinação, têm uma história de reflexão teológica dentro do cristianismo. Em cada período, autores específicos dentro de contextos sociais únicos se dedicaram a entender os mistérios dessa doutrina. Entretanto, é no protestantismo calvinista que os impactos práticos da predestinação podem ser percebidos de forma mais acentuada. Quais seriam as consequências de se interpretar a predestinação até suas últimas consequências lógico-teológicas? O presente cristalizado, a justificativa do absurdo, a ausência de uma voz profética, a incoerência da oração, o desprezo pela vida intelectual, a transformação da vida em um discurso, o desprezo pela causa do pobre e a ansiedade diante da dúvida acerca da própria salvação, são algumas possibilidades que este artigo abarca para responder à referida questão. Em forma de alerta, destaca-se aqui o impacto prático dos desdobramentos reflexivos de se encarar a proposição doutrinária de forma radical.
Igreja e Estado em contextos de (des)secularização: a trajetória de um debate
Authors: Godoy João Miguel Teixeira , Silva Ana Rosa Cloclet
Published: December 2019

O avanço nas pesquisas no campo dos estudos sobre a sociedade e as religiões, especificamente, obedece a algumas variáveis além daquelas esperadas e inerentes ao processo de pesquisa em geral. Ele exige um diálogo recorrente com a tradição e com o saber acumulado na perspectiva de superação, mas, também, incorporação das contribuições e problemáticas. Além disso, beneficia-se igualmente da abertura para os vários domínios do saber que exploram as dimensões da realidade sem, contudo, ignorar o peso dos condicionamentos sociais sobre o próprio conhecimento, bem como as demandas advindas da sociedade e da dinâmica do acontecer humano.
Peningkatan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Melalui Metode Buzz Group
Authors: Bahning Hardayanti
Published: December 2019

This research supported by the lack of motivation and learning outcomes islamic education students educated at. vocational schoolThe purpose of this research to know the learning methods he continued to buzz can increase motivation and learning outcomes in learning. islamic educationThis study research the act of class ( class room action research conducted ). cycle as much asThe subject is the muslim students xi route tourism state 1 integrated luwu ponrang 24. as the southData collection techniques used is, observation the survey and by using an instrument shaped double. about choiceData analyzed using analysis. descriptiveThe analysis of data observation students at cycle i obtained the average percentage of the students only 50.044 % ( low ) increased to percent of high 82.22 in cycle II. The spread of chief motivation students on cycle i obtained the average the percentage motivation students only of 59,75 % ( being ) increased to 71.5 % ( high in cycle ii) .Next based on hasi analysis student learning test study results obtained the average students on pre cycle of 62.167 ( less of the total value 1492 with the ketuntasan klasikal is only 29.17 % , you are an increase of cycle i with the average score of 67.667 ( less ) while the up 37.5
Distopia do desenvolvimento no semiárido nordestino brasileiro
Authors: Lucena Fabriicia Gomes de , Gomes Edvania Torres Aguiar
Published: December 2019

Uma análise sobre a formação sócio histórica do semiárido nordestino revela os processos de estabelecimento das relações de poder nas organizações políticas e econômicas locais. Estas relações, a partir das transformações vivenciadas nos territórios da região, através das políticas públicas, apresentam-se de maneira naturalizada, fragmentada, e fazem parte dos elementos constitutivos de reprodução da problemática da seca a partir do “fenômeno da estiagem”. Neste texto, a partir de uma revisão de literatura sobre a construção socioeconômica do semiárido nordestino, e de uma análise documental acerca das ações estatais em torno da questão hídrica atualmente nesta realidade, temos como objetivo refletir a respeito da constituição da política hídrica, mais especificamente, como as ações estatais quanto ao abastecimento de água historicamente vieram contribuindo para o chamado Desenvolvimento do Semiárido Nordestino. Consideramos que o chamado desenvolvimento socioeconômico no Semiárido contempla historicamente exclusivamente os interesses dos detentores do poder, portanto os interesses do capital local, sendo a água um elemento da natureza apropriado desigualmente a favor de tais interesses. Assim, como resultado e proposição desta análise, consideramos a possibilidade de mitigação das desigualdades no acesso à água no Semiárido através da construção de um processo democrático à implementação das políticas hídricas, o que significa a busca pela participação social das populações e a organização dos territórios na estruturação dos comitês de bacia hidrográfica, buscando-se a construção integrada do planejamento hídrico, valorizando as particularidades daquela realidade.

Palavras-chave: Nordeste Semiárido. Ações Estatais. Política Hídrica. Desenvolvimento. Democratização do Acesso.
Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis-Is there a Link?
Authors: Anabella-Cristiana Cioabla , Cecilia Adumitresi , Ninela Radulescu , Ileana Ion
Published: December 2019

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating and inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. The etiology is unknown. The risk of MS is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. One environmental factor for MS is vitamin D deficiency. (1)

The connection between multiple sclerosis, and vitamin D levels is not completely known.

According to many studies, subjects with insufficient vitamin D intake or low 25- OH vitamin D concentration are at higher risk for MS. The fact that vitamin D is implicated in the course of MS is indicated by the indirect correlation between vitamin D concentration and the activity of the disease, revealed by many studies. (3)

In this study we intend to determin how the concentration of 25-OH vitamin D is correlated with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.
Family Physicians' Opinion: A Survey on Possible Measures for Improving Healthcare in Romania
Authors: Sergiu Chirila , Beatrice Severin
Published: December 2019

Primary health care (PHC) represents one of the most important parts of any health system, and consists of first-contact medical services (preventive, curative and rehabilitation) for the patients. Our study analyses the family physicians' opinions related to a series of measures that could improve Romania's healthcare system through an online survey.

We identified three components, first one related to control over spendings, increase of medicine market efficiency and transparency in using public funds, second one related to standardization of care processes, accreditation, implementation of guidelines and control over utilization of specialty services and component number three related to type of insurance houses, with competition among them, better decentralization and integrated provision of medical services.

The conclusions of the survey emphasize the fac that primary care health is affected by sub optimal financing, with a need of better support for its development through investments in health promotion, services integragion and human resources as means of increasing general health status of the population.
Mammary Fistula - From Concept to Reality
Authors: Ionut-Eduard Iordache , Octavian Unc , Dan Costea , Razvan Popescu , Sabina Neacsu , Mirela Grama , Liliana Steriu , Nicoleta Leopa , Gabriela Baltatescu , Maria Tomulescu
Published: December 2019

Breast fistula belongs to the group of chronic mammary suppuration,one pathology marked by several reappearance,apparently without a cause, which raise many problems both for the patient and surgeon. One characteristic of this pathology is the microbial mammary abcess which untreated develops into fistula.

The possibility of uninfectious mastitis less specified it's still the most usual reason for mastitis. This thing rise questions regarding clinics, pathology and treatment.

This were relyes on a retrospective and prospective study of a number of 55 cases represented by patients with mammary infections which were diagnosed and surgicaly treated in Surgery Clinic of the Constanta County Hospital between 2014-2018.

Mammary fistulas that appear as a consequence of amicrobial breast abscesses are characterized by multiple recurrences, even if they are treated by surgery through excision of the fistulous path.

Numerous studies are trying to elucidate the cause of this pathology. There are many hypotheses, but from the studies we have found that smoking is an important etiological factor, having toxic effect through double mechanism :

• directly - on the retroareolar lactiferous duct.

• indirectly – hormonally, by stimulating lacteous secretion. Both hypotheses explain why this condition is recurrent.

Treatment of mammary fistulas requires both smoking cessation and proper surgical treatment. Studies have shown that a simple excision of the fistula tract is not sufficient and leads to recurrences. A wide, sectoral intervention must be practiced, with excision taking the ductal branches that underlie the recurrences.
The Educational Policy of the Sopron Town Council in View of the Lutheran Lycée’s Historiography
Authors: Tóth Kálmán
Published: December 2019

In my study, through the example of the free royal city of Sopron, I am searching for an answer to the question how the Reformation influenced the political actions of the city’s leading body and its room for movement within the frameworks of estates. I will attempt to show in sketches how the intellectual horizon that can be reconstructed behind the city’s government is connected to the mentality of Lutheran Reformation. By focusing on one particular field, the educational policy of the town council, I will try to disclose how this manifested in practice in view of Sopron’s new educational institution (the lycée) established and maintained by the town council without any aristocratic patronage, unparalleled at that time. Finally, in a short outlook beyond the boundaries of the investigated period and by focusing on the activities of one former teacher (János Ribini) and two alumni (Baron László Prónay and János Kis), I will give evidence for the continued existence of the lycée’s mentality – which I will call confessional-patriotic – even after the town council had lost its supervision of the educational institution.
The Limit as Centre: Some Considerations on the Political Imagination of the In-Between, Starting from the Central Symbol of the Crime Series Bron/Broen – The Bridge
Authors: Dobrescu Caius
Published: December 2019

The crime series Bron/Broen [The Bridge], co-produced in 2011 by the public televisions of Denmark and Sweden, located at the centre of the bridge over the Øresund/Öresund maritime strait which represents the border between the two states, offers one of the most prolific thematizations of in-between-ness in the popular culture of the last decade. The fact that it struck a chord of global collective imagination is revealed in its quick transformation into a highly successful international TV format, relocated on various other state borders. More than a theme, the series proposes an entire aesthetics of the in-between organized around the symbolic constellation of the bridge. A bridge simultaneously divides and reunites, generates empathetic fusion but also ushers in reflexive distancing. But, above all, as it is narratively and poetically framed in the series, it transgresses its common understanding as a connective interspace and tends to become a world to itself. A rather dangerous one, for that matter, since within its confines the usual distinctions between right and wrong are seriously called into doubt. From a space of transit, the bridge becomes – the distinction is essential – a space of transition, of change, of becoming. A space replete with risks but, essentially, a space of freedom. The essay attempts to unpack political implications less explored until now of this core symbolism.1
Germanium Gradient Optimization for High-Speed Silicon Germanium Hetero-Junction Bipolar Transistors
Authors: Khadir Abdelkader , Sengouga Nouredine , Abdelhafidi Mohamed Kamel
Published: December 2019

The effect of germanium trapezoidal profile shape on the direct current (DC) current gain (β
F), cut-off frequency (f
T) and maximum oscillation frequency (f
MAX) of silicon-germanium (SiGe) hetero-junction bipolar transistors (HBTs) has been investigated. The energy balance (EB), hydrodynamic (HD) and drift-diffusion (DD) physical transport models in SILVACO technology computer aided design (T-CAD) simulator were used. It was found that the current gain values using energy balance model are higher than hydrodynamic and much higher than those corresponding to drift-diffusion. Moreover, decreasing the germanium gradient slope towards the collector side of the base enhances the maximum oscillation frequencies using HD and EB models whilst, they remain stable for DD model.
An Efficient Fault-Tolerant Scheduling Approach with Energy Minimization for Hard Real-Time Embedded Systems
Authors: Kada Barkahoum , Kalla Hamoudi
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we focus on two major problems in hard real-time embedded systems fault tolerance and energy minimization. Fault tolerance is achieved via both checkpointing technique and active replication strategy to tolerate multiple transient faults, whereas energy minimization is achieved by adapting Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique. First, we introduce an original fault-tolerance approach for hard real-time systems on multiprocessor platforms. Based on this approach, we then propose DVFS_FTS algorithm for energy-efficient fault-tolerant scheduling of precedence-constrained applications. DVFS_FTS is based on a list scheduling heuristics, it satisfies real-time constraints and minimizes energy consumption even in the presence of faults by exploring the multiprocessor architecture. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm can save a significant amount of energy while preserving the required fault-tolerance of the system and outperforms other related approaches in energy savings.
Old age individuals on the Russian labor market: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Gagarinskaia Galina P. , Kuznetcova Irina G. , Gagarinskii Aleksandr V.
Published: December 2019

The relevance of the research topic is due to the following circumstances: firstly, repeating the European trend, the labor supply in the Russian labor market is characterized by increase in the cohort of people aged 60 years and older, which negatively affects the indicators of economic growth and, in the context of the transformation of labor legislation, strengthens the scientific interest in the problem of aging employees and prolonging their working capacity;

secondly, in modern foreign and Russian studies there is no uniform idea of the signs of classifying workers as older working age, which makes it difficult to conduct a comparative analysis and disseminate effective international experience to solve the employment problem, taking into account demographic realities;

thirdly, in the theory and practice of labor economics there is no well-formed idea of a system of factors that influence the success of older working age workers, which affects the quality of the development of promising areas and methods of their use;

fourthly, when the risk factor in the work with personnel is indicated in the profile economic literature, its assessment regarding employees of older able-bodied growth has not been developed;

fifthly, in modern studies there is no effective mechanism to increase the success of older working age workers, taking into account the specifics of achieving the effectiveness of their work, taking into account competence, involvement and possible risks.

The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical concepts and methodological provisions on the professional success of older workers and the mechanism for its increase in the Russian labour market, taking into account risk factors.

The subject of the study is the social and labor relations evolving over the implementation of a mechanism to increase the success of older working age workers.

In the research process, general scientific methods of cognition were used, as well as methods of economic-statistical, systemic correlation analysis, expert estimation, the results of opinion polls, tabular and graphical interpretation of empirical and factual information.
Re-Assessment of “Claw-Back” Clauses in the Enforcement of Human and Peoples’ Rights in Africa
Authors: Adjei William Edward
Published: December 2019

One of the continuing problems, which had faced the African Charter, is many of its substantive provisions that are raven with qualifications without reasonable justification. These rights guaranteed under the Charter are subject to “claw-back” clauses that are introduced by governments and public authorities thereby undermining their citizen‟s basic constitutional rights of securing fundamental freedoms. They are those rights that impose negative duty on the state and are meant to promote the values of pluralism, equality and human dignity, which should be enjoyed free from state interference. It is in the interference of these rights that commentators have frequently criticized the African Charter for rendering its protective mandate meaningless and unenforceable. With hindsight, it is evident that the foregoing critique levelled against the “claw-back” clauses under Charter is justified, as they have a chilling effect on the exercise of human and peoples‟ rights on the African continent. Such condition has produced intense academic discussion on the interpretation and implications of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Charter. None the less, the scope and the significance of the legal measures adopted by the African Commission have minimized the impact of the clauses affected considerably. Accordingly, a strong principle of interpretation adopted by the Commission has contributed to shaping the Charter‟s legal structure in harmony with international human rights law standards.
The Romanian Prezidentialized Consultative Referendum. Eating Apples from a Poisonous Tree? Personal and Teleological Interpretations
Authors: Roghină Răzvan Cosmin
Published: December 2019

Through this article, we propose an (original) analytical approach on the consultative referendum of May 2019 and a wider critical landscape regarding the consultative referendum institution by enforcing a teleological interpretation. In this sense, we propose three sections. We will start with a short overview on the use of the consultative referendum in the recent years of Romanian democracy. In the second section we will focus on the consultative referendum from 26 May, 2019. In the third section we will ask the Founding Fathers of the Constitution for an “opinion” regarding the possibilities and impossibilities of the consultative referendum.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Lipid Metabolism: To Treat or Not to Treat?
Authors: Decandia Federica , Merella Pierluigi , Casu Gavino
Published: December 2019

Thyroid hormones have multiple complex effects on lipid synthesis and metabolism. These physiological actions are well documented in overt hypothyroidism where the elevated levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoporotein cholesterol and possibly triglycerides are reverted by levo-thyroxine therapy. Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone in the presence of reference range of free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine concentrations, is a relatively frequent clinical conditions. Many clinical and epidemiological studies have evaluated lipid metabolism, markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular risk factors in subclinical hypothyroidism as well as the need of replacement therapy in these patients. The available results are rather conflicting, with variable and inconclusive results. Moreover, no consensus still exists on the clinical significance and treatment of this mild form of thyroid failure. On the contrary, available evidences suggest that patients with plasma thyroid stimulating hormone levels above 10 mU/L should be treated with levo-thyroxine, since may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the epidemiological evidences suggest being rather conservative in older people, since higher thyroid stimulating hormone is associated with lower risk of multiple adverse events in this population. In this review, we summarized the current evidences on the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and lipid metabolism and the effect of levo-thyroxine therapy on lipid parameters.
ASONANSI DALAM CERPEN “UGD” KARYA DJENAR MAESA AYU
Authors: Nirmala Afsun Aulia
Published: December 2019

The research that discusses about assonance can be related to literature including short stories. The "UGD" short story by Djenar Maesa Ayu is a work that contains some of the beauty of the language in it. Djenar is able to concoct language into a beautiful sentence. Thus this research is expected to be able to analyze the style of asonance in the "ER" short story. Asonansi is a vowel sound repetition to make internal rhymes in phrases or sentences, and together with alliteration and consonance function as one of the rhyme building blocks. Asonans do not have to rhyme; identity that depends only on the vowel and consonant sounds. Thus, asonance is the resemblance of units which are generally less than syllables. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative with the method of note and note. The results of this study were to describe the asonance in the ER short story by Djenar Maesa Ayu.
KARAKTER TOKOH DALAM CERPEN LENGTU LENGMUA KARYA TRIYANTO TROWIKROMO
Authors: NIRMALA AFSUN AULIA
Published: December 2019

Triyanto Triwikromo merupakan seorang penulis kenaan di Indonesia, khususnya di Jawa Tengah. Beliau banyak menghasilkan karya termasuk cerpen Lengtu Lengmua yang banyak memunculkan karakter dengan berbagai ciri khas. Cerpen Lengtu Lengmua adalah sebuah cerpen yang memiliki karakter yang kompleks. Bukan hanya memiliki satu tokoh utama yang fokus, akan tetapi banyak sekali tokoh yang semuanya berperan untuk mengisi “ruh” dalam cerpen ini. bahwa ada empat tokoh yang memiliki karakteristik berbeda sehingga mampu membangun cerita lebih hidup lagi. Empat tokoh di dalam cerpen Lengtu Lengmua antara lain pertama, Kiai Siti yang  merupakan tokoh agamais yang sangat sabar, tidak pernah marah. Kedua, Jamuri adalah seorang yang keras kepala. Dia ingin membiakkan celeng di kampungnya. Selain itu, Jamuri adalah tokoh yang sangat licik dan berani bertarung demi keinginannya sendiri. Ketiga, Kufah merupakan seorang gadis kecil yang sangat tergila-gila dengan celeng. Dia kerap kali membayangkan dan berimajinasi tentang celeng. Terkahir adalah Rajab yang merupakan seorang laki-lai yang pemberang berasal dari kampung, akan tetapi dia adalah manusia yang berpendidikan. Rajab ingin sekali menyelamatkan kampungnya dari bahaya celeng. Terkadang sifat provokator juga kerap muncul dalam diri Rajab.
TUTURAN PENDERITA AFASIA BROCA PASCA STROKE
Authors: SURYANI YUNITA
Published: December 2019

Speech sufferers of post-stroke of broca’s aphasia is the language ability of brain injury sufferers. Brain injury or aphasia in stroke sufferers can be in the form of blocked arteries or ischemic and ruptured blood vessels or called hemorrhagic. In this study, focused on hemorrhagic type post-stroke aphasia sufferers. Post-stroke sufferers experience changes in behavior, one of the changes is a change in language or in this study stated by speech when communicating. The field of study of this research is pragmatics, namely pragmatically describing speech of aphasia sufferers after stroke which includes the ability to state the truth (representative), the ability to rule (directive), the ability to say thank you, praise, complain, blame, and congratulate (expressive), the ability to carry out commands (commissive), and the ability to decide, cancel, prohibit, permit, grant, request an explanation (declarative).
OPTIMASI PRODUKSI BETON READY MIX DENGAN METODE LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Authors: Salim Andaru , Santoso Iwan B
Published: December 2019

Pabrik beton adalah elemen penting dalam setiap proses konstruksi yang berkaitan dengan beton. Banyaknya proyek konstruksi baik skala kecil maupun besar menjadikan industri beton sangat dibutuhkan. Studi ini menganalisa masalah pengoptimalan produksi beton untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang maksimum. Metode Linear Programming merupakan teknik matematika yang dirancang untuk membantu dalam merencanakan dan membuat keputusan dalam mengalokasikan sumber daya yang terbatas untuk mencapai tujuan. Linear Programming terdiri dari decision variable, objective function, dan constraint. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Linear Programming yang diterapkan pada pabrik beton ready mix dan berlokasi di Jakarta Barat. Penelitian menggunakan 29 jenis beton siap pakai. Data yang telah didapat diolah dengan program Lingo. Setelah mengolah data, diperoleh hasil produksi yang dapat memenuhi permintaan konsumen dan mendapat keuntungan maksimum sebesar Rp. 4.035.130.000,-. Adapun kondisi produksi tidak dapat memenuhi permintaan konsumen, dengan metode ini akan mendahulukan produksi yang memiliki nilai keuntungan yang lebih besar terlebih dahulu.
PEMANFAATAN KURVA BELAJAR LOG-LINEAR UNTUK PENGHEMATAN BIAYA PEKERJA
Authors: Vincent Vincent , Gondokusumo Onnyxiforus
Published: December 2019

Pada proyek konstruksi banyak pekerjaan berulang yang dikerjakan dalam unit tertentu. Pekerjaan dinding merupakan salah satu contoh dari pekerjaan berulang ini. Pekerjaan ini sering ditemui pada bangunan tipikal dan perumahan. Proses berulang pada pekerjaan ini dapat menyebabkan peningkatan produktivitas pekerja sehingga waktu dan biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan satu unit pekerjaan menjadi berkurang seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah unit yang telah dikerjakan. Fenomena ini tentunya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dari pekerjaan tersebut. Namun masih banyak proyek yang tidak memperhitungan pengurangan durasi tersebut. Hal ini menjadi suatu hal yang sangat disayangkan mengingat bahwa jumlah pekerja dapat dikurangi ketika durasi pengerjaan berkurang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan kurva belajar log-linear sebagai cara untuk memprediksi dan menghitung pengurangan durasi tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel data di dua proyek daerah Jabodetabek. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kurva belajar log-linear baik digunakan untuk memprediksi durasi pekerjaan dinding dan juga metode pada penelitian ini yang digunakan untuk menghitung penghematan biaya pekerja semakin baik digunakan pada proyek dengan jumlah repetisi pekerjaan yang lebih banyak.