bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Destructive Impact of Racism on African Americans in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Authors: Al-Nuaimi Mustafa Mohammed Rashid , Benny Dr. Solomon
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the corrosive impact of racism on African Americans as depicted in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This paper seeks to uncover how the novel depicts the distorted belief in racial superiority, particularly in the evolving relationship between Huck and Jim. Furthermore, it explores what this depiction reveals about the historical experience of African Americans in America. Through analysis of key characters and passages, this paper aims to expose the negative portrayal of the corrosive impact of racism on individuals and the nation's character in Mark Twain's novel.
РАЗВЕРТЫВАНИЕ ЛОКАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НАВИГАЦИИ ВНЕ ПЕРИМЕТРА СЕТИ РАДИОНАВИГАЦИОННЫХ ОПОРНЫХ СТАНЦИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ПОМЕХ
Authors: Корнеев И. , Кондрашов З. , Корнеев А. , Клепцов А.
Published: February 2025

Рассмотрено обеспечение навигации абонента системы КОНСУЛ,
удаленного от радионавигационных опорных станций в пределах
прямой радиовидимости, при воздействии источника искусственных
помех. Выведена формула мощности источника помех, способных
подавить сигнал, в зависимости от мощности передатчика опорной
станции, расстояний и коэффициентов усиления антенн. Приведены
результаты расчетов, выполненных специально разработанной
программой-калькулятором.
Genomic surveillance of HIV infection in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kireev D. E. , Kirichenko A. A. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: February 2025

Over the past 30 years, the amount of sequencing data has increased significantly, including for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Significant developments have also occurred in the field of bioinformatics. Because of this, first in science and then in practical healthcare, a new field has emerged — genomic surveillance. Currently, the possibilities of using bioinformatics methods are practically not described in Russian regulatory documents. This review outlines the main applications of genomic surveillance of HIV infection: analysis of HIV-1 drug resistance, investigation of HIV transmission, study of the characteristics of HIV occurrence and spread, assessment of the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions, retrospective and operational analysis of the dynamics and structure of morbidity, and forecasting the development of the epidemic process. The review presents successful examples of domestic and international research, and makes proposals for the introduction of bioinformatics methods into the Russian system of epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection.
Comparative analysis of clinical manifestations of the acute stage of HIV infection of patients detected between 2008–2013 and 2018–2022 in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Obizhaeva E. S. , Sizova N. V. , Leonova O. N. , Mayorova S. O. , Bembeeva N. A.
Published: February 2025

Aim of the study. Comparative analysis of clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators of acute HIV infection in patients detected in different epidemic periods with a 10-year difference (2008–2013 and 2018–2022).

Materials and methods. An analysis of 142 inpatient records of patients detected in the acute stage of HIV infection in the period from 2008–2013 in the ‘Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital’ (‘Botkin Hospital’) and 110 outpatient records of patients detected in the “Centre for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases” (“Centre for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases”) was conducted., in whom acute stage of HIV infection was detected from 2018– 2022 in “Botkin Hospital”. We evaluated clinical and laboratory results of patients in different years of infection.

Results and discussion. Over the ten years of the HIV epidemic in the city of St. Petersburg, new trends in the clinical picture of the acute stage of HIV infection can be found. Over the period 2018–2022, the overall intoxication syndrome severity decreased: fever was more often febrile (72%), lasting from 3–5 days, myalgia — 20%, arthralgia — 15%, mouth mucosal aphthae were found in 7% of patients, skin rashes were observed only in 34%, and lymphadenopathy — 30%. Gastrointestinal disorders were also noted in 28%. Of the secondary and opportunistic infections, OPC prevailed in 83%, oesophageal mycosis in 17%, and serous meningitis in 17%. The median CD4-lymphocyte count was 24–573 kL/μL.

Conclusion. the data obtained show that the acute stage of HIV infection has become easier, with a decrease in the intensity and duration of the febrile period, less frequent skin manifestations, secondary diseases, and higher CD4 lymphocyte counts. As a result, diagnosis of the acute phase of HIV infection is difficult for primary care physicians. In any person presenting with signs or symptoms of a viral infection (influenza, infectious mononucleosis, rubella, enteroviruses, etc.), acute HIV infection must be included in the differential diagnosis.
Hybrid Swarm Intelligence-Based Neural Framework for Optimizing Real-Time Computational Models in Engineering Systems
Authors: Bhuvaneshwarri  , M. Maheswari  , C. Kalaivanan  , P. Deepthi  , Tatiraju V. Rajani Kanth  , V. Saravanan
Published: February 2025

In modern engineering systems, real-time computational models are essential for optimizing performance, enhancing decision-making, and reducing latency in complex environments. This research presents a Hybrid Swarm Intelligence-Based Neural Framework (HSIN-F) to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and adaptability of real-time engineering computations. The proposed framework integrates Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) with a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to achieve a balance between exploration and exploitation, enabling optimal model parameter selection and reducing computational overhead. To validate the efficiency of HSIN-F, experiments were conducted across various real-time engineering applications, including industrial automation, smart grids, and IoT-based systems. The proposed model outperformed conventional optimization techniques in terms of processing speed, predictive accuracy, and system adaptability. Key performance metrics include: Prediction Accuracy: 98.2% (compared to 93.5% in traditional models), Computational Latency Reduction: 34.7%, Energy Efficiency Improvement: 27.5%, Error Rate Reduction: 32.1%. The hybrid swarm-based approach effectively adapts to dynamic changes in real-time scenarios, making it highly suitable for engineering applications requiring continuous optimization. Future research will explore hybrid metaheuristic strategies and federated learning-based decentralization to further enhance system performance and robustness.
INHERITANCE OF THE MAIN ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE CHARACTERS BY HYBRIDS OF THE SPRING TRITICALE F1 IN THE CLIMATE OF THE MIDDLE PRIAMURYE
Authors:   The Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, Aseeva T.A. , Zenkina K.V. ,   The Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture
Published: February 2025

The aim of the research is to study the nature of inheritance of the main economically valuable
characters by hybrids of spring triticale F1 under agro-ecological conditions of the Middle Priamurye. Test material: 13 hybrid combinations of spring triticale in comparison with parental forms.
To create hybrids of the first generation, varieties of spring triticale of domestic and foreign selection
were involved in hybridization, which showed optimal results as to economically valuable characters
in the climate of the Middle Priamurye. It is found that in the case of inheritance of quantitative
characteristics of productivity elements in the first generation, one can see manifestation of the entire
spectrum of the level of dominance with prevailing heterosis effect. The hybrid combinations with a
high degree of superdominance of main economically valuable characters were selected as follows:
Oberig Kharkovskiy x Khabarovchanka, Rovnya x F7NV Tcl 154, Pamyat Merezhko x Oberig Kharkovskiy, AC Certa x Korovai Kharkovskiy, Pamyat Merezhko x Ukro 1.
SPECIFICS OF DISEASE INCIDENCE AMONG PETS IN KHABAROVSK
Authors:   DM Plus Co., LTD, veterinary clinic «Druzhok», Shapiro E.P. , Krasnoslobodcev N.A. ,   DM Plus Co., LTD, veterinary clinic «Druzhok», Kukharenko N.C. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

Ecological factors have significant effect on disease incidence among the people and animals.
Change of structure of disease incidence reflects efficiency of various preventive actions and also
serves as the indicator of emergence or strengthening of influence of various pathogenic factors. As
pets live together with the people and are subject to influence of the same factors, change of structure
and dynamics of disease incidence among pets can become an early marker of adverse changes.
Research objective - to study structure of disease incidence among the pets in Khabarovsk. Material
for researches: database of the patients of veterinary clinic Druzhok living in various districts of the
city. Findings of the investigations showed that in structure of disease incidence among the pets of
the city of Khabarovsk noncontagious diseases prevail - 90.5% (87.6% in cats and 92.9% in dogs),
the share of infectious diseases - 9.5%. The tendency towards increase in incidence of noncontagious
diseases is revealed. The structure of noncontagious diseases in cats and dogs is different. If you take
dogs, the most often diseases in them are: diseases of digestive organs, skin and subcutaneous fat,
traumas and poisoning, diseases of teeth, diseases of urogenital system and tumors. Cats have another structure of incidence: diseases of urogenital system, digestion, skin and subcutaneous fat,
traumas and poisoning, tumors, diseases of teeth and jaws.
Desarrollo rural y sostenible
Authors: Espinosa Motoya Isabel Cristina , Acevedo Zapata Sandra
Published: February 2025

En el marco del proyecto titulado: Políticas y prácticas de calidad en educación superior a distancia y virtual de la formación investigativa y producción científica con tecnología digital en América Latina con N° de convenio P-01-22 RUMBO - UNAD y la tesis de maestría “Análisis de la educación inclusiva como estrategia para la formación en ciudadanía global y el desarrollo territorial”; y el inicio de la tesis: “Análisis de la  educación ambiental para la construcción  de  una propuesta  curricular que potencie el desarrollo rural a nivel de básica primaria en los colegios rurales de Bogotá” en la Universidad Antonio Nariño se busca enfatizar la importancia del desarrollo sostenible y la incidencia que tiene este en el desarrollo rural y los procesos de formación. El desarrollo sostenible cobra importancia en nuestra sociedad, ya que se hace evidente el impacto del ser humano sobre el ambiente; los procesos de industrialización que aumentan de forma desmedida por la fuerte necesidad de adquisición de bienes y servicios de corto uso (Fonseca, 2019). Este tema genera gran interés en las entidades gubernamentales, debido a los procesos de reflexión e investigación que permiten la discusión y discernimiento sobre la sostenibilidad de los recursos para futuras generaciones. Huanca-Arohuanca et al. (2019) consideran que el objetivo es aminorar los efectos de una cultura consumista que afectan fuertemente los ecosistemas y el impacto de la modernización en los espacios rurales. En este punto, la educación cobra importancia. Tiene en su haber la responsabilidad de concientización y reflexión, de llevar a la práctica procesos de formación que permitan formar al individuo bajo estas nuevas realidades y realice una lectura critica de estos eventos para avanzar en alternativas para la solución ante estos problemas.
La discriminación escolar en poblaciones vulnerables de Colombia
Authors: Díaz Gurrute Yamileth , Sánchez Mendoza Diana Carolina
Published: February 2025

La discriminación en las escuelas es un tema serio que afecta a muchos estudiantes en todo el mundo, manifestándose a través del acoso, la exclusión, la segregación y el trato injusto hacia quienes son diferentes. Esta situación no solo afecta a los estudiantes emocionalmente, sino que también impacta el ambiente escolar, haciéndolos sentir menospreciados. Este estudio pretende explorar y describir las investigaciones realizadas sobre la discriminación escolar de poblaciones vulnerables en Colombia en los últimos cinco años. Se llevó a cabo un estudio documental que incluye la revisión bibliográfica de diversas fuentes, como Google Académico y repositorios de universidades de colombianas. Los documentos seleccionados comprenden artículos científicos, tesis de maestría y doctorado, organizados en categorías que analizan la tipología de la discriminación escolar, su impacto en los estudiantes, estrategias de prevención y desafíos que enfrenta. La investigación concluye que, aunque esta problemática ha sido objeto de estudio en el ámbito académico colombiano, es fundamental que la comunidad actúe con determinación para combatir la discriminación. Cabe señalar, que este documento es el resultado de un trabajo previo denominado “Diseño de estrategias con enfoque de cognición situada en atención a la discriminación escolar: estrategias para poblaciones vulnerables diversas en las instituciones seleccionadas”, realizado en la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios.
Hotels industry: An analysis of business approaches and strategies
Authors: Gashi Silvana , Qosja Ermira , Liça Denada
Published: February 2025

In an era marked by growing environmental concerns, the hotel industry faces increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices. This research investigates the approach of Albanian businesses within the hotel sector towards the concept and functionality of ecological hotels. Employing questionnaires distributed from December 2023 to January 2024, this study aims to investigate the hotel industry’s engagement with green practices and their commitment to environmental responsibility. Albania, with its rapidly expanding tourism sector, serves as a critical case study for examining how ecological concepts are integrated into hotel operations. The questionnaire focuses on measuring the businesses’ awareness, attitudes, and implementation strategies regarding ecological hotels, aiming to explore the link between sustainable practices and environmental management in this industry. The findings offer insightful revelations about the current state of ecological hotel practices in Albania, identifying trends, challenges, and opportunities for advancing sustainability within the hotel sector. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the specific environmental strategies adopted by Albanian hotels, providing a unique insight into the evolving dynamics of sustainable tourism within an emerging European market. Furthermore, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the implications of green practices on business performance and customer satisfaction, thereby contributing valuable recommendations for promoting environmental sustainability in the Albanian hotel industry.
Sutura Urbana como estrategia de regeneración del espacio público, caso de estudio: “Ribera Urbana del Río Illangama, Guaranda”
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador, Rojas Tuala Arlen Nayeli
Published: February 2025

La ribera del río Illangama en Guaranda, Ecuador, ha experimentado un proceso de abandono y deterioro debido a la falta de planificación y mantenimiento, transformándose en un espacio desconectado del tejido urbano. Este estudio analiza su estado actual, identificando problemáticas socioespaciales y ambientales, y propone estrategias de regeneración urbana para integrar este espacio en la dinámica de la ciudad, promoviendo la cohesión social y la sostenibilidad ambiental. Se empleó un enfoque mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo), basado en observación en campo, análisis de datos socioeconómicos, movilidad y uso del suelo, y revisión bibliográfica. El estudio se centró en un segmento de 1 km de la ribera, con un radio de influencia de 500 metros. Se utilizó la teoría de la imagen de la ciudad de Kevin Lynch (1960) para analizar la percepción urbana y la legibilidad del río como elemento estructurante. La ribera del Illangama ha perdido su rol articulador debido a la expansión urbana desorganizada y la falta de integración. Sin embargo, su regeneración ofrece una oportunidad para promover la cohesión urbana y la sostenibilidad ambiental. La propuesta de sutura urbana incluye la creación de sendas peatonales, la revitalización de equipamientos y la integración de áreas verdes, siguiendo un enfoque ecosistémico. El análisis identificó que la ribera tiene potencial como eje verde urbano, conectando áreas residenciales, recreativas y comerciales. La sutura urbana mejoraría la calidad de vida, fortalecería la cohesión social y contribuiría a la mitigación a largo plazo del cambio climático. Además, se propone aprovechar zonas de protección natural para el turismo ecológico, generando beneficios económicos sin comprometer los recursos naturales.
Børns dobbeltkodede deltagelsesmuligheder
Authors: Kortbek Hjørdis Brandrup , Haandbæk Schmidt Christina
Published: February 2025

Formålet med denne artikel er at undersøge, hvordan voksnes rammesætning, indretning af rum og materialevalg påvirker børns muligheder for demokratisk deltagelse. Det empiriske materiale udspringer af et forskningsprojekt, hvor daginstitutionspædagoger, børnekulturformidlere og undervisere på pædagoguddannelsen sammen har undersøgt børns deltagelse i tre forskellige børnekulturelle miljøer. Med et intra-aktivt perspektiv kan vi få øje på, hvordan forskellige samfundsmæssige diskurser om demokrati væver sig sammen og sætter sig materielt i de voksnes rumgørelser, materialevalg og måder at invitere børn til deltagelse på. I artiklen følger vi med to grupper af børnehavebørn og viser med Biestas tre domæner for pædagogisk virksomhed, hvordan de børnekulturelle rum er dobbeltkodede og fordrer, at børn formår at afkode rum og legematerialers kvalificerende og socialiserende domæner og vurdere, hvordan de kan bryde disse på passende måder med henblik på subjektifikation.
English abstract
The purpose of this article is to examine how adults’ framing, spatial arrangements, and material choices affect children’s opportunities for democratic participation. The empirical material stems from a research project in which daycare pedagogues, children’s culture mediators, and educators from teacher training programs collaboratively investigated children’s participation in three distinct child cultural environments. Through an intra-active perspective, we are able to observe how various societal discourses on democracy interweave and materialize in adults’ spatial arrangements, material selections, and ways of inviting children to participate. In this article, we follow two groups of kindergarten children and demonstrate, using Biesta’s three domains of educational activity, how the child cultural spaces are double-coded. These spaces require children to decode the qualifying and socializing domains of spaces and play materials and to assess how they can appropriately challenge these in order to foster subjectification.
Luta por reconhecimento em Axel Honneth
Authors: Soler Leonor Gularte , Oliveira Neiva Afonso , Dariva Neyha Guedes
Published: February 2025

O artigo explora o pensamento de Axel Honneth, um destacado herdeiro da Escola de Frankfurt, examinando suas contribuições à Teoria Crítica. Inicia-se com uma revisão das ideias de Karl Marx e das influências hegelianas que moldaram sua filosofia, essenciais para entender a origem da Escola de Frankfurt e a Teoria Crítica. A seguir, o texto apresenta um panorama da Teoria Crítica e seu envolvimento, situando Honneth dentro dessa tradição. O foco principal é a teoria do reconhecimento de Honneth, que fundamenta uma crítica social baseada em conflitos por reconhecimento, destacando a gramática dos conflitos sociais. O estudo ressalta a importância de Honneth para a filosofia contemporânea e nota seu distanciamento da Teoria Crítica Clássica, especialmente em relação aos pensamentos de Habermas, Adorno e Horkheimer. Honneth enfatiza o papel das relações cotidianas, normas morais e ações interpretativas na formação social, aspectos que ele considera negligenciados pelos teóricos clássicos.
Aspectos práticos e pragmáticos da identidade da(s) filosofia(s) como Sistema através de Conceitos Sistematizadores
Authors: Tassinari Ricardo Pereira
Published: February 2025

É possível ver e constituir a filosofia hoje como um sistema único tal como proposto e exigido por Hegel? A existência de uma pluralidade de opiniões, visões de mundo e tipos de conhecimentos parece desafiar isso, especialmente hoje, quando se fala de muitos tipos de filosofias. Na tentativa de responder positivamente a essa questão, este artigo descreve uma possível solução, introduzindo um conjunto de conceitos gerais, aqui denominados Conceitos Sistematizadores. Particularmente, são discutidos aspectos práticos e pragmáticos do conjunto de conceitos sistematizadores e seus usos, especialmente quanto aos conceitos Espírito e Espírito Absoluto. Seu contexto de descoberta e desenvolvimento foi o culminar de estudos e pesquisas realizados ao longo de mais de 30 anos nas áreas da ciência e da filosofia. A inspiração para os elaborar e propor veio da Filosofia Hegeliana, principalmente a partir da exigência hegeliana de que a Filosofia fosse vista como um Sistema. Embora advindo desses estudos e pesquisas, o conjunto dos Conceitos Sistematizadores é aqui introduzido sinteticamente, sem citar esses trabalhos, pois a intenção é mostrar que eles, como conceitos, podem ser autonomamente compreendidos em linhas gerais através da explicação deles, de suas interrelações e da organização da experiência que proporcionam, seu contexto de justificação. Eles estabelecem aqui uma compreensão geral, apontando uma possibilidade de como lidar sistematicamente de forma prática e pragmática com as diversas opiniões, visões de mundo e tipos de conhecimentos e filosofias em uma unidade. Nesse sentido, permitiriam ver e tratar a Filosofia como um Sistema, ainda hoje.
Peirce and modal logic
Authors: Schmidt Jon Alan
Published: February 2025

Although modern modal logic came about largely after Peirce's death, he anticipated some of its key aspects, including strict implication and possible worlds semantics. He developed the Gamma part of Existential Graphs with broken cuts signifying possible falsity, but later identified the need for a Delta part without ever spelling out exactly what he had in mind. An entry in his personal Logic Notebook is a plausible candidate, with heavy lines representing possible states of things where propositions denoted by attached letters would be true, rather than individual subjects to which predicates denoted by attached names are attributed as in the Beta part. New transformation rules implement various commonly employed formal systems of modal logic, which are readily interpreted by defining a possible world as one in which all the relevant laws for the actual world are facts, each world being partially but accurately and adequately described by a closed and consistent model set of propositions. In accordance with pragmaticism, the relevant laws for the actual world are represented as strict implications with real possibilities as their antecedents and conditional necessities as their consequents, corresponding to material implications in every possible world.
Peirce e a lógica do mentiroso
Authors: Cunha Ivan Ferreira da , Melo Ederson Safra , Arenhart Jonas Rafael Becker
Published: February 2025

Este artigo discute dois tratamentos dados por Charles Sanders Peirce ao paradoxo do Mentiroso, estabelecendo conexões com o debate atual acerca do tema. Nas Harvard Lectures de 1865, Peirce considera que a proposição do mentiroso é tanto verdadeira quanto falsa, o que, de acordo com sua visão sobre a lógica, torna a proposição sem sentido. Esse tratamento antecipa parcialmente a posição dialeteísta contemporânea, que considera que o Mentiroso é uma evidência de que algumas proposições são verdadeiras e falsas. Em textos posteriores, Peirce revisa seu tratamento do problema, considerando que a contradição do Mentiroso é falsa, alinhando-se à tradição da lógica de sua época. A discussão deste artigo evidencia que concepções lógicas específicas pressupostas na investigação de Peirce são as responsáveis pelas interpretações que ele fornece para a contradição envolvida no paradoxo. A partir dessa discussão, este artigo argumenta que o tratamento dado ao Mentiroso depende das concepções lógicas de fundo. Assim, as limitações encontradas por Peirce em suas abordagens ao problema são introduzidas pela lógica tradicional, que, diferentemente de algumas lógicas contemporâneas, não oferece aparato compatível com contradições verdadeiras.
Reconversion of Mono-Industrial Urban Areas (Case Study – Beclean City)
Authors:   Faculty of Geography, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Boțan Cristian Nicolae , Pavel Ion-Horațiu ,   Faculty of Geography, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Email: ion.pavel@ubbcluj.ro, Fonogea Silviu-Florin ,   Faculty of Geography, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Gligor Viorel ,   Faculty of Geography, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Published: February 2025

Reconversion of Mono-Industrial Urban Areas (Case Study – Beclean City). Following the collapse of the communist regime in Romania, the country’s economy went through deep transformations, which negatively impacted the standard of living of the population. The closure of a large number of industrial enterprises overwhelmed the Romanian cities, and its impact was felt more intensely in the small, mono-industrial urban areas: since many of these had been established around these companies, their very existence was threatened by the closures. The city of Beclean is a typical example of such a mono-industrial settlement, which started facing difficulties with the decline of its metallurgical industry. In its search for life saving ideas, the local government decided to focus on the tourism potential of the area, as evidenced by the fact that all the projects under implementation in the city aim at developing this sector.
Keywords: reconversion, revitalization, sustainable development, sustainable tourism, urban resilience
Analisis Potensi Antioksidan Daun Kayu Bulan (Pisonia alba Span.) sebagai Agen Anti Penuaan Dini
Authors:   Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta, Firdausia Rizqa Salsabila , Kurniasih Kholif Sholehah Indra , Nirwaningtyas Agnes Diani , Rusmeilina Rita
Published: February 2025

Penuaan merupakan suatu proses alamiah yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh radikal bebas. Adanya radikal bebas dapat dicegah oleh agen antioksidan. Salah satu tanaman hias yang diketahui mengandung fenolik dan flavonoid serta aktivitas antioksidan yaitu daun kayu bulan (Pisonia alba S). Berdasarkan penelusuran pustaka, belum terdapat penelitian yang membandingkan aktivitas antioksidan daun kayu bulan dengan metode DPPH, FRAP dan ABTS. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui potensi daun kayu bulan sebagai agen anti penuaan dini melalui analisis kemampuan antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, FRAP dan ABTS. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengekstraksi daun kayu bulan dengan metode maserasi. Ekstrak kental yang diperoleh diuji antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, FRAP, dan ABTS dengan pembanding kuersetin dan vitamin C. Berdasarkan hasil uji dengan metode DPPH, FRAP dan ABTS didapatkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi hingga terendah secara berurutan yaitu kuersetin, vitamin C dan ekstrak etanol daun kayu bulan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kayu bulan termasuk ke dalam kategori antioksidan sedang yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai IC50 terhadap DPPH 248,524 ± 9,819, FRAP value 7,408 ± 0,277, dan IC50 terhadap ABTS 173,972 ± 7,817. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kayu bulan (Pisonia alba S) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan kemampuan sedang dengan uji DPPH, FRAP dan ABTS. Artinya, daun kayu bulan memiliki potensi untuk diteliti lebih lanjut sebagai suatu agen anti penuaan dini.
Review Article: Effect of Co-Expression Chaperones on the Expression of Intracellular Recombinant Proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors:   Universitas Padjadjaran, Utami Diandra Firdiani , Azizah Mamlikatu Ilmi , Sriwidodo Sriwidodo , Haryanto Ryan Adibagus , Pratiwi Riyona Desvy , Maksum Iman Permana
Published: February 2025

Escherichia coli is widely used as a host for expressing recombinant proteins due to its well-studied genetics, fast growth, relatively low production costs, and high rate of protein expression. However, despite the high rate of protein expression, the availability of chaperone proteins was often insufficient, resulting in the formation of inclusion bodies due to errors in protein folding. These inclusion bodies can cause the protein to become inactive, and proper protein folding is crucial for maintaining the structure and function of proteins in living organisms. To overcome this limitation, chaperones have been developed as a strategy to help prevent protein folding errors and increase the recovery of soluble protein. In this review, we summarize several experiments related to co-expressing chaperones to enhance the expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli.
In Silico-Predicted Cytokeratin Fragment 21-1 (Cyfra 21-1) Immunogenic Epitopes for The Early Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors:   Universitas Padjadjaran, Depamede Brian Umbu Rezi , Alisjahbana Bachti , Depamede Sulaiman Ngongu , Hafidhoh Sanny , Nururrohmah Siti , Tryawan Ilham Ngongu , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, an aggressive cancer in the head and neck region is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage and thus has a poor prognosis. Cytokeratin Fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) is one of the oncomarkers discovered in saliva. For developing a diagnostic kit, CYFRA 21-1 antibodies and immunogens are needed. Natural CYFRA 21-1 immunogen is difficult to obtain, so it must be made in-silico using bioinformatics. We aim to predict CYFRA 21-1 immunogenic epitope to produce antibodies polyclonal against CYFRA 21-1, which can be used to develop NPC diagnostics. The immunogenic epitopes were predicted and chosen based on antigenicity, surface accessibility, and hydrophilicity, then characteristic was analyzed and evaluated. The epitope candidates were compared with other saliva protein biomarkers to find if there were cross-reactions. CYFRA 21-1 consists of 57 amino acids, where two immunogenic epitopes (C3 and D2) were chosen. The Ramachandran Plot of both epitopes shows that 100% of the amino acids were in the favoured area. Epitopes C3 and D2 have no cross-reaction with other protein biomarkers. The predicted immunogenic epitopes have the potential as antigen to produce antibodies for developing saliva-based immunodiagnostics to early diagnose NPC patients.
Descrição das queixas e funcionalidade dos músculos do assoalho pélvico em mulheres no climatério
Authors: Silva Amannda Gabrielle da Cruz , Barboza Amanda de Jesus , E Sousa Ana Luiza Rodrigues d , Maciel Bruna Maria Aparecida Morais , Ribeiro Thaís Gontijo , Salata Mariana Cecchi
Published: February 2025

ObjetivoDescrever a sintomatologia das disfunções do assoalho pélvico e correlacionar com a funcionalidade dessa musculatura.Métodos Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo, fomentado na análise de prontuários de mulheres de 40 a 60 anos, que mantinham vida sexual ativa. No que tange à realização da pesquisa, foram coletadas informações específicas sobre história ginecológica e obstétrica, bem como função da musculatura do assoalho pélvico.ResultadosForam selecionados 12 prontuários, nos quais se observou um predomínio de mulheres que não fazem reposição hormonal, são multigestas e multíparas, com índice maior de partos vaginais. Além da maior presença de incontinência urinária de esforço, bem como predomínio de disfunções sexuais com ênfase na dispareunia. Nenhuma mulher atingiu um grau eficiente de força do assoalho pélvico, mais evidentemente no endurance. A maioria não apresentou reflexo à tosse e realizou co-contração de musculatura acessória.ConclusãoO hipoestrogenismo no climatério desencadeia as diversas disfunções do assoalho pélvico, não podendo excluir os efeitos deletérios do envelhecimento.
Effectiveness of State Science and Technology Policy in USSR at Turn of 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Bodrova E. V. , Kalinov V. V. , Krasivskaya V. N.
Published: February 2025

This study examines the evolution of the state science and technology policy in the USSR at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s, utilizing declassified archival documents to assess its effectiveness across several key areas. The findings demonstrate that the analyzed documents provide substantial evidence that central party-state organs — thanks to the efforts of the State Planning Committee of the USSR, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and the State Committee for Science and Technology under the Council of Ministers — obtained concrete information regarding both the overall scientific and technological potential of the country and specific sectors. It is reported that comparative metrics with the United States and other leading capitalist nations were traditionally included in such reports, serving as arguments that drew leadership attention to various issues while corroborating the authors’ conclusions. The study identifies several critical blocking factors, including insufficient funding, low investment efficiency, prolonged construction projects, subpar quality of domestic equipment, and a lack of competence among certain high-ranking government officials, as well as the neglect of recommendations from leading scientists; a departmental approach, inadequate collaboration between civilian and defense sectors of science, and a shortage of specialists in key areas. Furthermore, it is noted that trends in the development of the scientific and technological sphere in leading countries indicated the emergence of national innovation systems that have proven effective.
Soviet Economic Policy in Middle Volga Region during Early 1920s
Authors: Gataullina I. A.
Published: February 2025

This article examines the implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the Tatar Republic, Ulyanovsk, Samara, and Saratov provinces. The institutional principles governing the organization of the internal market, developed within the framework of Lenin’s project, are identified as the foundation of economic activity. The results of a comparative analysis of the regional network are presented. It is established that the rapid growth of trade was driven by the dynamics of absolute indicators in the private sector and the strengthening positions of state and cooperative sectors. It is emphasized that while there was a shift towards state entities in provincial trade turn-over, a balanced ratio of trading competitors with an advantage for private capital was observed in the Tatar Republic. The study argues that the revival of market conditions, influenced by prior experience, initiated an evolutionary direction for the policies being implemented. It is shown that regulation reflected a measured approach by authorities towards private competition and their desire to critically assess their actions regarding cooperation. However, instances of incompetence and simplified solutions to pressing issues suggest that the legitimization of arbitrary state power to interfere in the recovery process is merely a matter of time. The author concludes that the counterbalance to the destructive force of class hatred can only be found in the constructive potential of social partnership, which builds an economy based on compromise.
Emerging frontiers: Harnessing the power of CNT/GO-based biosensors for early disease biomarker detection
Authors: Saddam Amirul Islam , Islam Md. Rakibul , Shahazi Razu , Mahamud Md. Kawsar , Rahman Mohammed Muzibur , Alam Md. Mahmud
Published: February 2025

This review discusses the significant progress made in the development of CNT/GO-based biosensors for disease biomarker detection. It highlights the specific applications of CNT/GO-based biosensors in the detection of various disease biomarkers, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. The superior performance of these biosensors, such as their high sensitivity, low detection limits, and real-time monitoring capabilities, makes them highly promising for early disease diagnosis. Moreover, the challenges and future directions in the field of CNT/GO-based biosensors are discussed, focusing on the need for standardization, scalability, and commercialization of these biosensing platforms. In conclusion, CNT/GO-based biosensors have demonstrated immense potential in the field of disease biomarker detection, offering a promising approach towards early diagnosis. Continued research and development in this area hold great promise for advancing personalized medicine and improving patient outcomes.
Short-Term Effects of Iodinated Radiographic Contrast Media on Red Blood Cells: Morphology, Osmotic fragility, and Hemolysis
Authors: Supawat Benjamaporn , Tima Singkome , Kothan Suchart , Tungjai Montree
Published: February 2025

Iodinated radiographic contrast media (IRCM) is currently being used in radiography for disease diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to examine three IRCMs (i.e., iohexol, iopamidol, and iodixanol) in terms of their impact on morphology, osmotic fragility, and hemolysis of red blood cells. Blood was shortly treated with IRCMs (1, 5, 10, and 50 mgI/ml) at 37 °C for 5 minutes. The morphology of red blood cells was then observed under a light microscope and the number of burr cells (echinocytes) was recorded. The osmotic fragility and hemolysis of red blood cells were determined by using spectrophotometric technique. The results showed no statistically significant change in the number of burr cells, osmotic fragility, and hemolysis of red blood cells after an in vitro exposure to various concentrations of IRCMs when compared to the corresponding non-exposed control groups. These findings suggested that iohexol, iopamidol, and iodixanol did not exhibit any short-term effects on morphology, osmotic fragility, and hemolysis of red blood cells.
Screening of Indigenous Trichoderma Isolates for Their Nematocidal Potential Against Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Spp.) Attacking Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Adomako Joseph , Larbi-Koranteng Stephen , Twum Simon , Danso Yaw
Published: February 2025

Root-knot nematodes contribute to significant yield loss in tomato production, with limited management options available to farmers. The study was carried out to determine the control efficacy of six native Trichoderma isolates from Ghanaian soils against root-knot nematodes. Root-knot nematode juveniles (J2) and different Trichoderma isolates were extracted from infected roots and soil samples, following standard laboratory protocols. Roots of tomato seedlings were coinoculated with 1000 J2 of root-knot nematodes and 107 spores per gram of soil of individual Trichoderma isolates. Plant height, stem girth, and number of leaves were measured on different days after treatment. Root gall severity, egg mass numbers, final nematode population, and biocontrol efficiency of isolates were determined at harvest. Significant differences in root galls, egg masses, final nematode population, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, plant height, stem girth, and leaf number were found between Trichoderma-treated plants and their control. Three Trichoderma isolates, P34-5, OKK3, and Tech10, were highly effective against root-knot nematodes and need further evaluation and potential formulation as biocontrol products against root-knot nematodes attacking tomatoes.
Immunohistochemical Expression of GDNF, P53 and Ki67 with Tunel Assay in Canine Non-Neoplastic Esophageal Nodules Induced by Spirocerca lupi
Authors: Amoorahim Sara , Amniattalab Amir
Published: February 2025

Spirocercosis caused by Spirocerca lupi has a global distribution and mainly infects dogs although other carnivores may be affected as well. The research aimed to ascertain the proportion of cellular proliferation/apoptosis within the parasite-induced nodules and to categorize the inflammatory cells by CD3 (for T lymphocytes), CD20 (for B lymphocytes), and CD68 (for macrophages) markers. The study included 152 Iranian mixed-breed dogs (87 males and 65 females) examined for esophageal spirocercosis. The dogs underwent hematological investigations and Telemann concentration stool exams to detect the parasites’ eggs. The normal and nodular esophagi underwent TUNEL assay, histopathology, and immunohistochemical staining for GDNF, p53, Ki67, CD3, CD20, and CD68. According to our findings, 31 out of 152 dogs (20.39%) were diagnosed with spirocercosis based on clinical examinations and stool exams, while 20 out of 152 dogs (13.16%) had nodular esophagi in necropsy. Normal and nodular esophageal tissue samples (n=64) were collected from necropsied dogs. Histopathology confirmed non-neoplastic parasitic nodular lesions. Immunohistochemically, increased GDNF, Ki67, CD3, CD20, and CD68 expression was significant (p<0.05) in nodular tissue compared to normal tissue. However, the expression of p53 was not significant (p>0.05). Given the results of Ki67 expression and TUNEL assay, the rate of proliferation (6-8 times)/apoptosis (2-3 times) significantly increased (p<0.05) in the infected tissue compared to normal tissue. The results indicated that the GDNF as a neurotrophic growth factor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of nodular spirocercosis in dogs. Meanwhile, a high proliferation/apoptosis rate in the parasitic nodular compared to normal esophagi may stimulate inducing neoplastic transformation in normal esophageal tissue.
The Greater Eurasian Partnership Portrayal: Information Warfare through the Prism of Political Discourse
Authors:   MGIMO University, Bobileva K. , Galiguzova A. ,   MGIMO University
Published: February 2025

This article explores the dynamics of Russian and Chinese images as portrayed by the intelligence agencies of the United States of America. The aim of this study was to analyze Annual Security Threat Assessment Reports of the U. S. Intelligence Community from a lingvo-political perspective. Russia and China, as presented by the US intelligence agencies, have moved from the category of countries of concern to the category of countries directly threatening the security of the global community and are now viewed as serious competitors to the USA in the struggle for global influence. This representation of events is part of a large-scale cognitive war launched by Western countries against Russia and China and, like any unfriendly actions, should be subjected to an appropriate assessment in order to counteract them in the future.
Generalized Joint Hypermobility Associated with Shoulder Pain and Disability in Competitive Swimmers in Denpasar City
Authors: Valari Putu Kavita Krisnina , Puspa Negara Anak Agung Gede Angga , Kamayoga I Dewa Gede Alit , Sutirta Yasa I Wayan Putu
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Generalized joint hypermobility conditions in competitive swimmers can be advantageous as they may enhance athletes' movement speed in the water but can also be a risk factor for shoulder pain. Hypermobility, coupled with repetitive movements, leads to an increased workload on supporting structures, such as muscles, ligaments, and tendons, without sufficient recovery time, thus damaging tissues. The accumulation of loading and tissue damage leads to shoulder pain and disability. This study aims to determine the relationship between Generalized Joint Hypermobility and shoulder pain and disability in competitive swimmers in Denpasar City.
Method: This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The sample size obtained from this study was 54 individuals. The joint hypermobility condition was measured using the Beighton score. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) questionnaire assessed shoulder pain and disability complaints.
Results: Based on non-parametric Spearman's rho analysis, the correlation coefficient between Generalized Joint Hypermobility and shoulder pain and disability was obtained at r = 0.686 and r = 0.657, respectively, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study concludes a significant correlation between generalized joint hypermobility, shoulder pain, and disability in competitive swimmers in Denpasar City.
 
Keywords: generalized joint hypermobility, shoulder pain, shoulder disability, competitive swimmers
Nutritional Status and Toddler Development: Cross-Sectional Study at Mawar Health Post, Tegal Harum Village
Authors: Natha Florensia Sutji Putri , Puspa Negara Anak Agung Gede Angga , Vittala Govinda , Pramita Indah
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Development is an integral part of the human life cycle, and the under-five years old (toddlers) period is crucial in this process. A child's nutritional status is one aspect that influences development across various domains. However, stunted development and malnutrition persist, particularly in Indonesia. Bali province, especially Denpasar City, exhibits a high level of good nutritional conditions. Nevertheless, some children still face problems, including excessive, inadequate, or poor nutrition. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and toddler development at the Mawar Integrated Health Post in Tegal Harum Village.
Methods: The research employed an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional design. Purposive sampling was used to select 58 children under five as subjects. Data collection involved measuring nutritional status using Weight-for-Age (WAZ) and toddler development using the Pre-Screening Development Questionnaire (PSDQ).
Results: A chi-square test was conducted to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and toddler development. The results showed a significant relationship with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and toddler development at the Mawar Integrated Health Post in Tegal Harum Village.
 
Keywords: nutritional status, development, toddlers
Validity and Reliability of Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire: Cross-Cultural Adaptation Study for Low Back Pain Disability
Authors: Regina Ni Kadek Pramesti , Negara Anak Agung Gede Angga Puspa , Kinandana Gede Parta , Sugiritama I Wayan
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Around 60-80% of individuals experience low back pain in their lifetime, often leading to disability. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) is a tool used to assess disability caused by low back pain, measuring its impact on daily activities. To ensure its effectiveness, it is crucial to test the questionnaire's validity and reliability in different cultural contexts.
Methods: This study employed a descriptive survey method and a cross-sectional design with a purposive sampling technique, involving 124 subjects. Content validity was assessed through expert evaluation using the Content Validity Index (CVI), while construct validity was measured using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Reliability was evaluated through Cronbach’s Alpha to assess internal consistency.
Results: The analysis revealed weak to moderate construct validity values (0.361–0.402) and excellent content validity index scores (S-CVI/Ave=1). Reliability analysis demonstrated good reliability with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.725.
Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the RMDQ questionnaire is valid and reliable for evaluating low back pain disability. It is suitable for use in clinical practice, enabling Indonesian patients to comprehend the questionnaire without losing the essence of the original version. Further research is needed to explore the onset and causes of low back pain disability in more depth.
 
Keywords: cross-cultural adaptation, validity, reliability, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Indonesia