bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMPRENDIMIENTO SOCIAL – REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA
Authors: Guzmán Vásquez Alexander , Trujillo Dávila María Andrea
Published: August 2013

Since the eighties, entrepreneurship has attracted the interest of business schools because of its role in creating and managing companies, among other reasons. Entrepreneurship is a vast field that involves a range of subjects such as startup financing, the entrepreneurial profile, corporate entrepreneurship, family businesses, opportunities recognition, training and social entrepreneurship. This review focuses on social entrepreneurship, its structure, importance, characteristics and subjects for future research. It was revised 51 bibliography references, especially articles published in academics journals, related with social entrepreneurship since year 2000 to present. There are different sections dedicated to fundamental aspects. This article not only clarify social entrepreneurship theoretical construct and identify its fundamental characteristics but also illustrates the importance itself for the emerging countries development and its public politics relevance.
BANCARIZACIÓN: UNA APROXIMACIÓN AL CASO COLOMBIANO A LA LUZ DE AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Tafur Saiden Claudia
Published: August 2013

The concept of bancarization is usually related to the access of economic agents to credit. Nevertheless, it is a wider concept that refers to the access to all the financial services available. The bancarization is also a key tool for developing countries, and plays a significant role in reducing poverty, what has turned a topic of great importance for Latin American economies. This work makes a reflection of the importance of bancarization for Colombia. The analysis initiates in Latin America and then, penetrates into the Colombian case. First, the document studies the advance of Colombia in bancarization and finally, it establishes the challenges for upcoming years. All this without losing of sight the importance of this process for the economic and social development of the country.
LA COOPERACIÓN EMPRESARIAL COMO ESTRATEGIA DE LAS PYMES DEL SECTOR AMBIENTAL
Authors: Ojeda Gómez Julieta
Published: August 2013

The development of the environmental sector in Mexico in the eighties opened business opportunities to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To survive and grow, there are multiple challenges; therefore it is important for smaller firms to overcome their main constraints. This document presents the findings on cooperative relationships as a strategy adopted by small and medium-sized enterprises. Twenty-two interviews were analyzed qualitatively, finding that cooperation has made it possible to many of the firms to differentiate from their competitors and to improve their capability to compete with outsiders. This has become a strong stimuli for internationalization to some of them. This work shows the importance of balancing firms’ symmetries for enabling cooperation and using the asymmetries to provide learning opportunities and experience.
RANKING FINANCIERO: HERRAMIENTA FINANCIERA PARA MEDIR LA PRODUCTIVIDAD DE LAS EMPRESAS DE COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA
Authors: Díaz Gil Nelson Darío
Published: August 2013

The research focuses on the design of a financial tool to measure the productivity of commercialization companies of electrical energy, starting from the process of diagnosis, study and identification of variables of productivity, at the same time it develops simplified and needed financial ratios for their measurement. The tool defines a range of productivity for departmental structures and also reflects unproductive variables. The novelty, in terms of goals, is that it reduces the financial risk but increases the management of each departmental structure. It also determines the position of each agent within the organizational structure and their results in terms of: horizontally, the results of each departmental structure compared to themselves; and vertically, the result of the variables compared with the results obtained for the other departments.
EFECTOS DE LA COMUNICACIÓN INTEGRADA DE MARKETING A TRAVÉS DE LA CONSISTENCIA ESTRATÉGICA: UNA PROPUESTA TEÓRICA Y METODOLÓGICA
Authors: Navarro Bailón María Ángeles , Piñero María Sicilia , Delgado Ballester Elena
Published: August 2013

There has been an increasing interest in the area of integrated marketing communications during the last years. However, most studies have mainly focused on the economical and financial effects that this strategy has for companies, while very little is still known about the effectiveness of an integrated marketing communication campaign. By using a strategic consistency perspective, this work presents a series of effects about the influence of an integrated strategy on consumer evaluation of the campaign.
DECISIONES DE INVERSIÓN A TRAVÉS DE OPCIONES REALES
Authors: Calle Fernández Ana María , Tamayo Bustamante Víctor Manuel
Published: August 2013

Given the limitations presented by the traditional investment valuation methods and their difficulty when it comes to adapt to changing environments, the real options method is explored, which takes into account issues such as intangible factors and operative flexibility, factors that can alter the decision to realize a project. This paper presents a general outlook of real options, their concepts, models, typology and a practical application in the construction sector is presented at the end. The paper concludes that the methods based on real options are more adequate to evaluate projects given their flexibility and inclusion of intangible issues, however it is highlighted that success in valuation depends heavily on the assumptions of the model and the available information.
UN MODELO NO LINEAL PARA LA PREDICCIÓN DE LA DEMANDA MENSUAL DE ELECTRICIDAD EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Velásquez H. Juan David , Franco G. Carlos Jaime , García Hernán Alonso
Published: August 2013

This article provides a comparison of the performance of an ARIMA model, a multilayer perceptron, and an autoregressive neural network for forecasting the monthly demand for electricity in Colombia for the following month. The available data were divided into two different sets, i.e. one set for estimating the model parameters, and the other for evaluating the forecast ability outside the range of the sample calibration data. The results show that the autoregressive neural network is able to forecast the demand more accurately than the other two models when the total available data are considered.
UN ANÁLISIS DE CONTENIDO DE LAS PUBLICACIONES DEL CONGRESO LATINOAMERICANO Y DEL CARIBE SOBRE ESPÍRITU EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Borjas Parra Leslie
Published: August 2013

The purpose of the research was to analyze the peer-reviewed research projects presented within the frame of the Latin American and Caribbean Symposium on Entrepreneurship for the period from 2004 to 2007 in order to propose an outline of the contents of future conferences. The selected method was the analysis of contents which allowed establishing the various categories for reviewing the body, i.e. trends, theoretical aspects, methodological approaches, innovations, and a bibliometrical analysis. The categories were selected based on the main aspects discussed in international literature. The body consisted of 48 peer-reviewed conferences in this research. The study provided conclusions on the current state of thematic developments, perspectives that are expected from future conferences, and orientations that should be followed in order to accomplish a contextual evolution of entrepreneurship in Latin America.
UNA PERSPECTIVA HETERODOXA SUGERIDA PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LAS EMPRESAS FAMILIARES EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Román Castillo Ruth Esperanza
Published: August 2013

This paper identifies some orthodox trends in national research on this subject and a set of heterodox approaches used by Anglo-Saxon researchers based on the review of secondary sources such as books, articles, and graduation projects for the purpose of encouraging a reflection and an assessment. The results of this review allowed determining that orthodox theories have had a significant dissemination among Colombian researchers and students. Heterodox approaches, on the contrary, are less well-known and less frequently used. It proposes conducting an in-depth review of this set of recent theories and constructs and evaluating their applicability to achieve an understanding of the idiosyncrasy of family-owned businesses in Colombia as an alternative current of national research.
EL ROL DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL DEL EMPRENDEDOR EN LA EXPANSIÓN EXITOSA DE UNA START-UP. EL CASO DE HIPERTEXTO LTDA - "LA LIBRERIA DE LA U"
Authors: Román Castillo Ruth Esperanza , Smida Alí
Published: August 2013

This document identifies the role of an entrepreneur’s social capital in “Hipertexto Ltda.” in the process of consolidating and positioning the company in the publishing sector. A case study approach is used to identify a set of variables that enhance  individual social capital, and to describe their effects on the company’s performance. As a final result, we formulate a set of research propositions aimed at contributing to the understanding of the phenomenon being analyzed. We also propose a model that summarizes the dynamics of the exchange of social capital from both an individual and an organizational perspective, and discuss how this dynamic leads to the strengthening of organizational social capital as a sustainable competitive advantage of a company.
ESTRATEGÍAS CORPORATIVAS DE CRECIMIENTO DE LOS GRUPOS ECONÓMICOS EN CHILE
Authors: Medina Giacomozzi Alex , Sepúlveda Labra Evelyn , Rojas Caridi Sebastián
Published: August 2013

Economic groups are a very important corporate structure in Chile, and, like any organization, they are faced with a variety of strategic decisions, including growth strategies (portfolio composition). Therefore, this article provides an in-depth discussion of these strategies, especially strategies of concentration and diversification. This study was conducted on the basis of information about all economic groups registered with the Chilean Superintendence of Securities and Insurance. A sample of 42 groups was obtained by using simple random sampling. One of the main findings was that most economic groups adopt concentration strategies in an industry where there is an active replacement of economic groups.
FACTORES QUE INCIDEN EN LA CREACIÓN DE BORN GLOBAL EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Escandón Barbosa Diana Marcela
Published: August 2013

This research paper examines the factors and conditions that affect the expansion of international companies in Colombia and how they can be assured of success in this national market. The author uses a “Causal Relation Model”, AMOS 16 Software, and data from the survey conducted by GEM Colombia about companies that reported exports during the first years following their establishment. This study reveals that the following factors are associated with “Born Global” companies: market or environmental conditions, founder's profile, and internal company issues. Emphasis is drawn to this last item as a key factor in the creation and consolidation of these international companies.
ANÁLISIS Y RESULTADOS DE UN MODELO DE EVALUACIÓN, APOYO Y MEJORA DE PROYECTOS EMPRESARIALES IMPULSADOS POR JÓVENES EMPRENDEDORES
Authors: Revuelto Taboada Lorenzo , Fernández Guerrero Rafael
Published: August 2013

New firms play an important role in employment, economic growth, innovation, and competitiveness. For this reason, a growing number of public institutions are dedicating more and more resources to promoting entrepreneurship. Thus, it is particularly interesting to analyze the effectiveness of different programs and identify the most effective practices. The main objective of this paper is to make progress in the improvement of systems used for assessing public assistance plans and show how changes introduced as a result of this assessment have important effects on the quality of start-ups. To accomplish this objective, we carried out an in-depth case study of the young entrepreneurs' assistance program launched by the Valencian Institute for Youth.
COSTES NORMALIZADOS Y COMPLETOS EN LA PRESTACIÓN DEL SERVICIO ELÉCTRICO, COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES EMPRESARIALES
Authors: Díaz Gil Nelson Darío
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the calculations of costs of power supply utilities for internal management purposes. To this end, we analyze the major phases of the value chain in the electric power sector, i.e. generation, transmission, distribution, and trading. The authors suggest ways to overcome the shortcomings and describe practical applications of the proposals. The methodology makes it possible to estimate the cost of each of these variables and then to aggregate them to show the costs per state and activity. Finally, a summary showing the operational performance in terms of revenue and costs per service, sales office, and estimated benefits paid, among others. The paper provides tools for recognizing departmental structures whose performance should be improved.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. CÓMO CREAR UN PORTAFOLIO DE INVERSIÓN CON LAS OPCIONES QUE OFRECEN LOS FONDOS DE PENSIONES VOLUNTARIAS EN COLOMBIA: EL CASO DE SKANDIA
Authors: Berggrun Preciado Luis , Camacho Roger Virginia
Published: August 2013

This case applies Markowitz methodology to find optimal portfolios built from different investment alternatives offered by Skandia’s Voluntary Pension Funds taking into account different types of risk and risk aversion attitudes of investors.
CANALES DE IMPACTO DE LA EDUCACIÓN EN LA POBREZA (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Zuluaga Díaz Blanca Cecilia
Published: August 2013

This article analyzes both the monetary and non-monetary effects of the education level of the head of the household on poverty. We propose that schooling returns should not be thought as a single number - usually the schooling coefficient in an income equation - but as a set of elements whose length depends on the number of identified poverty dimensions. The monetary analysis employs the Quantile Regression technique, very helpful especially when one is interested in extremes of the income distribution function. Our results show differences across quantiles of the returns. We also found interesting dissimilarities by gender and urban-rural location. Exploring the non-pecuniary returns, we found that the education of the head positively influences family health and housing conditions.
EVIDENCIA DE LA GERENCIA ACTIVA DE LOS PORTAFOLIOS DE LOS FONDOS VOLUNTARIOS DE PENSIONES EN COLOMBIA: UN ANÁLISIS DE DESEMPEÑO UTILIZANDO ETFS PROXY (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Cayón Fallón Edgardo , Santo Rojas Tomás Ricardo Di , Roncancio Peña Camilo
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study is to find evidence that shows that either active management of private pension funds in Colombia actually adds value to the investors or, on the contrary, investors would achieve better results if they invested in passively managed products such as, for example, an ETF (Exchange Trade Fund). After conducting a review of data available from 30 different private pension funds in Colombia and 30 ETFs that had similar investment goals to these portfolios, our findings reveal that, using common performance indicators, a Colombian investor would have a better ROI by investing in passively managed products (ETFs) than in portfolios currently offered by voluntary pension funds in Colombia.
LA CALIDAD DE LOS SISTEMAS DE GESTIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS EN FUNCIÓN DE LA TENENCIA O NO DE LA CERTIFICACIÓN ISO 9001:2000. ALGUNAS EVIDENCIAS/INDICADORES ASOCIADAS
Authors: Bonilla García Josué
Published: August 2013

This research study compared the quality of human resources management systems of companies that have been ISO 9001:200 certified against companies that do not have this certification. A tool, based on the eight principles of a quality management system, enabled the organizations to evaluate and describe the associated evidence/indicators and to determine their impact.  The results indicate that there are no differences among the sets of companies with regard to the presence and impact of the evidence/indicators. We identified the need to design HR-specific quality management programs as well as strategies and plans aimed at continuously improving relations with suppliers.  Furthermore, there is a need to develop practices associated with indicators to control and keep close track of organizational management.
LA CONCILIACIÓN DE LA VIDA FAMILIAR Y LABORAL: UN RETO ACUCIANTE EN LA GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Benito Osorio Diana
Published: August 2013

This work suggests an organizational change process for the purpose of achieving balance between family and work life. This organizational change will arise as the result of a cultural change. This is the reason that we propose the creation of self-managed multidisciplinary work teams that define their own productive process, having flexibility in their work schedule in a context of organizational democracy. This work proposes new human resource policies based people, in such a way that all the members of the organization participate in a shared leadership project and engage in a productive reorganization, determining the phases to be completed in order to implement the change successfully.
LA INFLUENCIA DEL DESEMPEÑO SOCIAL CORPORATIVO EN LA SATISFACCIÓN LABORAL DE LOS EMPLEADOS: UNA REVISIÓN TEÓRICA DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA MULTINIVEL
Authors: Páez Gabriunas Iliana
Published: August 2013

In this document, the relationship of three corporate social performance’s dimensions (client and supplier relations, shareholder relationships, and, relationships with civil society) with employee’s job satisfaction are theoretically analyzed. By integrating the corporate social performance approach with Festinger’s (1957) cognitive dissonance theory in a meso framework, in which both contextual and individual variables are integrated, a set of propositions are presented in order to specify the conditions in which social responsibility practices are more likely to positively influence the job satisfaction of the employees. The article ends highlighting empirical research questions for future research, to be attended through Hierarchical Linear Modeling, and finally theoretical and practical implications are included.
LA TERCERIZACIÓN DE FUNCIONES EN LA DIVISIÓN EL TENIENTE DE CODELCO CHILE
Authors: Ganga Contreras Francisco , Toro Reinoso Iván , Sashueza Burgos Horacio
Published: August 2013

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the vision of contract administrators regarding the way it carries out the administration and monitoring of contracts entered into by El Teniente Division with outside companies. The results obtained through the application of interviews and surveys, led to evidence that the system of outsourcing, which consists of a range of rules and procedures aimed at regulating the recruitment stage of goods, works or services, designed to ensure compliance with agreed contracts with outside companies. It is at this stage, where they found the main issues in the management system for contractors. As for further research, we expect to investigate this matter, in other companies that depend on the state.
UNA REVISIÓN CRÍTICA AL MODELADO DE LA CONFIANZA A NIVEL ORGANIZACIONAL
Authors: Zapata Jaramillo Carlos Mario , Rojas López Miguel
Published: August 2013

Trust is one of the critical success factors for organizational improvement. Several authors present trust models, but they are based on proper characteristics belonging to every particular problem. However, on analyzing these works by using a state-of-the-art review methodology, we can find similarities that might allow generalization. By this reason, in this article we review the state of the art in trust at the organizational level. We also summarize the results of such review. The research goal is establishing common ground elements under the “trust” concept. As a future work, we plan to formulate a unified model of trust. Some elements like trustee, trustor, and trust factors are shown as results of this state-of-the-art review.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. CONCESIÓN DEL MONOPOLIO DE JUEGOS DE APUESTAS Y AZAR EN EL VALLE DEL CAUCA
Authors: Alonso Cifuentes Julio César , Gallego Londoño Ana Isabel
Published: August 2013

The “Beneficencia del Valle del Cauca” contracted with “Universidad Icesi” a market study and a marketing plan that would serve as basis for the licitation for the gambling monopoly in five different zones of the department. One of the most important results of the study is the projection of “Chance” sales, which is based, among other aspects, on a central tendency measure of the investment per person along the year. This case presents decision making information regarding central tendency measure that is appropriate for chance sales projections.
EVALUACIÓN, SELECCIÓN DE ACTIVOS Y CONFORMACIÓN DE PORTAFOLIOS APLICADOS A LOS FONDOS DE PENSIONES EN COLOMBIA (Artículo pubilcado en inglés)
Authors: Berggrun Preciado Luis , Jaramillo Recio Fernando
Published: August 2013

This study examines performance of mandatory and voluntary pension funds in the 2004 – 2008 period. Furthermore, we present a methodology based on principal components that can aid affiliates when selecting funds. Moreover, we examine two portfolio optimization methodologies to evaluate any performance improvements in an evaluation period when choosing a particular methodology. The first one suggested by Markowitz (1952) and the second by Reveiz and Leon (2008b). We find an increase in risk, using several metrics, of mandatory and voluntary pension funds as well as a set of funds that better characterize the common movement of funds’ returns. No evidence was found in regards to economically or statistically significant gains of applying either optimization methodology using several holding periods.
CONSIDERACIONES PARA LA FORMACIÓN EN EMPRENDIMIENTO: EXPLORANDO NUEVOS ÁMBITOS Y POSIBILIDADES
Authors: Toca Torres Claudia
Published: August 2013

Entrepreneurship has long been exclusively associated with the business sphere, but despite efforts on the part of educational institutions, development centers, and government agencies, it has had a remarkably poor development on other dimensions such as on the public and social spheres. This article proposes a reflection regarding the importance of entrepreneurship for an efficient and competitive corporate development based on different concepts adopted during past decades for the purpose of stressing its transdisciplinary nature. Then it goes on with a review of experiences to explore new possibilities for its application. Lastly, it raises awareness for people to have an open mindset to new dimensions of life in a society.
CÓDIGOS DE GOBIERNO EN COLOMBIA: ¿REALIDAD O FICCIÓN? (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Benavides Franco Julián , Mongrut Montalvan Samuel
Published: August 2013

This article studies the effects on accounting performance and financing decisions of Colombian firms after issuing a corporate governance code. We assemble a database of Colombian issuers and test the hypotheses of improved performance and higher leverage after issuing a code. The results show that the firms’ return on assets after the code introduction improves in excess of one percent; the effect is amplified by the code quality. Additionally, the firms’ leverage increased, in excess of five percent, when the code quality was factored into the analysis. These results suggest that controlling parties commitment to self restrain, by reducing their private benefits and/or the expropriation of non controlling parties, through the code introduction, is indeed an effective measure and that the financial markets agree, increasing the supply of funds to the firms.
CONSUMIDORES Y SU DECISIÓN DE COMPRA BASADA EN PRECIO E INFORMACIÓN SOBRE RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL CORPORATIVA (RSC). CASO DE ESTUDIO: ESTUDIANTES DE PREGRADO DE UNA UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA DE MÉXICO (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Arredondo Trapero Florina Guadalupe , Maldonado de Lozada Verónica del Carmen , De la Garza García Jorge
Published: August 2013

The articles objective is to demonstrate that a socially responsible consumer is interested of being informed about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices and is also willing to pay a higher price for a product made with CSR. Criteria of price as well as the interest of being informed about CSR practices were the two variables analyzed for the Chi-Square test. Even though CSR was declared as an important issue for the majority of participants, products made with CSR hasn’t achieved much influence in the buying decision making or in the need of being informed about the CSR practices. The need to create social consciousness for consumers to promote CSR practices through the buying decision making was also demonstrated.
ENTRE EL CONCEPTO Y LA PRÁCTICA: RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL
Authors: Crespo Razeg Faride
Published: August 2013

Because of the importance of the concept of social responsibility in the world of business and the lack of understanding and relation with practices, it is essential to attempt to understand this concept in order to define it, thus learning what actions can be implemented to be socially responsible. Therefore, this article is aimed at demonstrating two kinds of discussions that have been developed around this concept in a general manner. On the one hand, there is a review of what could be called conceptual or theoretical issues, and on the other hand, there is also a discussion of a series of studies conducted in Latin American countries, especially in Colombia. In consideration of the above, became a genealogy of the concept through a literature review, establishing the importance of the relation between the theoretical and the practice.
ESTUDIOS DE CASO SOBRE LA GESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO EN CUATRO ORGANIZACIONES COLOMBIANAS LÍDERES EN PENETRACIÓN DE MERCADO
Authors: Briceño Moreno María de los Ángeles , Bernal Torres César Augusto
Published: August 2013

This article discusses several case studies of knowledge management and shows that there is a high degree of consistency between this concept and the organizational approach to knowledge management. It also demonstrates, however, that there is a significant difference in the relevance given to the constituent variables of management at each organization. This is a very important aspect to consider in designing, implementing, and evaluating any program in this field. These results were obtained from an investigation conducted in two phases. The first phase deals with a theoretical review of the concept of and approaches to knowledge management, and the second phase is related to the work in the field, which involved interviewing 10 managers and conducting surveys among 525 individuals from four leading organizations in market share penetration in the manufacturing and service sectors based in Bogota, Colombia.
LA DISTANCIA PSÍQUICA Y EL DESEMPEÑO EXPORTADOR: UN RETO PARA LA PYME EN LA ERA DE LA GLOBALIZACIÓN
Authors: Geldres Weiss Valeska Viola , Etchebarne López María Soledad , Bustos Medina Luis Humberto
Published: August 2013

The objective of this research article is to present an empirical analysis of the relation between the company managers’ perception of the psychic distance to international markets and export performance, including a discussion of some of the structural characteristics of companies. A study was carried out in La Araucanía region in Chile with a sample consisting of 88 exporting companies, most of which are small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural and forestry sectors. The data was analyzed using Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance. The results show that there is a positive relation between psychic distance and export performance, as well as company size.
REDES EMPRESARIALES E INNOVACIÓN: EL CASO DE UNA RED DEL SECTOR COSMÉTICO EN BOGOTÁ (COLOMBIA)
Authors: Grueso Hinestroza Merlin Patricia , Gómez Cardona Jorge Hernán , Garay Quintero Leonardo
Published: August 2013

A method of encouraging business innovation is participation in associative processes, such as enterprise networks. The aim of this study was to identify actions favoring innovation in a group of companies that established a business network in the cosmetic industry in Bogotá, Colombia. We used a questionnaire based on the concept of innovation described in the Oslo Handbook (OECD, 2005), and analyzed data using graph theory. The results indicate that companies innovate, but they make few investments in acquiring knowledge. We also found that companies develop actions for internal improvement more frequently than they generate improvements in relationships with other actors in the network.
ANÁLISIS EMPÍRICO DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE LA ACTIVIDAD ECONÓMICA Y LA VIOLENCIA HOMICIDA EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Carranza Romero Juan Esteban , Dueñas Herrera Ximena , Gonzalez Espitia Carlos Giovanni
Published: August 2013

The goal of this article is to exam­ine the causal relationship between murders and economic activity in Colombia during the last decades. This analysis draws on the fact that economic activity in other Latin American countries is highly correlat­ed with economic activity in Colom­bia, but is not affected by homicidal violence in Colombia. The use of this instrument allows us to establish a strong causal effect of economic activ­ity on murders. An analysis of time series provides further support for the hypothesis that there is a long-term relationship between murders and economic activity.
EL CAMBIO EN LA ORGANIZACIÓN: UN ESTUDIO TEÓRICO DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE CONTROL EXTERNO
Authors: Zapata Rotundo Gerardo J. , Mirabal Martínez Alberto
Published: August 2013

This article is aimed at the analysis of three theoretical models that explain organizational change processes from the perspective of external control, namely, the contingency theory; the resource dependence theory; and the population ecology theory. The theoretical-descriptive work, based on a rigorous literature review, made it possible to provide a framework of propositions with a view to integrat­ing common aspects of the afore­mentioned theories and providing insights for understanding change in light of surrounding circumstances. The most relevant conclusions show that the various models are comple­mentary to each other and provide an explanation of the impact of change on structural design, behavior, and organizational performance from various perspectives.
CONCENTRACIÓN DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE LAS INDUSTRIAS CULTURALES EN CALI
Authors: Alonso Cifuentes Julio César , Ríos Millán Ana María
Published: August 2013

The main objective of this article is to examine the market structures within cultural industries based in Cali, Colombia, using the descrip­tive capacity of two of the most com­monly used measures of concentra­tion in this type of analysis, namely, the Hirschman-Herfindahl index and the Rosenbluth index. The kind of microeconomic analysis presented in this article is novel in two ways. First, it provides information on market structures of the subsectors of cul­tural industries at a municipal level. Secondly, it discusses the dynamic behavior of the concentration of production in a given year. Evidence available in literature at the time of writing suggests that this is the first such analysis of cultural industries.
INTENCIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD ICESI HACIA LA CREACIÓN DE EMPRESA
Authors: Varela Villegas Rodrigo , Martínez Romero Ana Carolina , Peña Guevara Alba Tatiana
Published: August 2013

This article presents and analyzes the results, for Colombia, of a cross-cultural research study of entrepre­neurial intentions conducted between Gasse and Tremblay (2009) at the University of Laval in Canada and professors at Icesi University, based on a review of samples of students from Canada, France, Tunisia, and Colombia. In the case of Colombia, a review was conducted of the per­ceptions, values, and attitudes of undergraduate students taking man­datory and elective Entrepreneurship courses at Icesi University in the first semester of 2009. The results make it possible to evaluate the students’ behaviors in relation to the entre­preneurial process and provide the basis of conclusions relative to the educational process implemented at Icesi University.
ESTRATEGIA DE MERCADO SEGUIDA POR LOS GRUPOS ECONÓMICOS EN CHILE: EFECTO EN EL RENDIMIENTO Y LA RENTABILIDAD
Authors: Medina Giacomozzi Alex , Hernández Morales Miguel
Published: August 2013

The relationship between corporate growth strategy (diversification versus concentration) and corporate profit is the issue that has probably garnered most attention in the field of research on strategic management, but it is also one where evidence is disparate and inconclusive. Hence, this article focuses on providing a new background to this discussion, by making a comparison to determine which growth strategy yields better performance and profitability. To this end, the study concentrated on the analysis of 38 Chilean economic groups selected by simple random sampling. The main result of this research study is that concentrated economic groups achieve increased profitability and performance as compared with diversified groups, but have a greater variation in their profit.
EL TALENTO HUMANO Y LA INNOVACIÓN EMPRESARIAL EN EL CONTEXTO DE LAS REDES EMPRESARIALES: EL CLÚSTER DE PRENDAS DE VESTIR EN CALDAS-COLOMBIA
Authors: Becerra Rodríguez Fredy , Álvarez Giraldo Claudia Milena
Published: August 2013

Nowadays literature reflects a spe­cial interest in the study of regional business networks and business innovation, particularly viewing human resources as a vital aspect that contributes to the develop­ment of knowledge and innovation networks within business networks. This article examines the relation­ship between the level of training of human resources and the links between companies within the cluster of clothing manufacturing companies in the state of Caldas, Colombia, as determining factors of performance in business innovation. It presents the theoretical framework, the regional context, and the main results. It con­cludes that human resource training, the existence of specialized areas, human resources strategic plans, and joint actions between the com­panies involving human resources, have a positive impact on business innovation
PRIMERA APROXIMACIÓN A LA CARACTERIZACIÓN Y MEDICIÓN DE LAS INDUSTRIAS CULTURALES EN CALI
Authors: Alonso Cifuentes Julio César , Gallego Londoño Ana Isabel
Published: August 2013

This document presents a summary of the results of the characterization and measurement of cultural indus­tries in Cali. It also describes the situation of these industries in this city and proposes goals and actors necessary in order for the industry to thrive as a driver of economic development. It was found that cul­tural industries account for around 1,0% of the city’s GDP and generate 2,7% of all employment. It is a sector with high levels of informality, low levels of exports, and high volatility of production. Until recently, this sector lacked public policies oriented towards fostering development.
LA MAXIMIZACIÓN DEL BENEFICIO EN LAS EMPRESAS DEPURADORAS DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EL CASO DE VALENCIA (ESPAÑA)
Authors: Brotons Martínez José Manuel
Published: August 2013

The main purpose of this paper is to design a new way to maximize the profit of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The establishment of multiple goals impedes their simul­taneous achievement. As a result, it will be enough to achieve a certain degree of satisfaction of each goal. Sometimes this approach can be ex­tremely difficult, so minor violations of some restrictions are exceptionally allowed. Fuzzy goal-based scheduling can be considered a suitable tool for these kinds of problems. In short, WWTPs will have a suitable tool for achieving profit maximization, and, at the same time, there will be a new system to measure efficiency in the sector.
APROXIMACIÓN A LOS FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA VISIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO EN LAS EMPRESAS FAMILIARES COLOMBIANAS
Authors: Betancourt Ramírez José Bernardo , Gómez Betancourt Gonzalo , López Vergara María Piedad
Published: August 2013

The objective of this exploratory research was to identify factors that influence the ownership vision of Colombian family-owned busi­ness, in other words, the purpose of ownership in the families. The initial research model theoretically established that there are different combinations of these factors that influence ownership vision. A well-structured questionnaire was applied to 32 companies of different sizes, generations, and sectors. A factorial and multiple linear regression analy­sis was performed which indicated an influence of: 1) a percentage of family managers (family factor); 2) the total number of family members (family factor); and 3) the return on equity (wealth factor).
MANEJO DE COSTOS EN PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS PRESTADORAS DE SERVICIOS MEDIANTE EL MÉTODO DE COSTEO POR ACTIVIDAD (ABC) (artículo publicado en portugués)
Authors: Stefano Nara Medianeira
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study is to present a proposal for managing costs and improving cost management based on activity-based costing (ABC) for small service providers. A systematic approach was partially applied to an organization that primarily engages in providing information technology assistance and consulting services in connection with the activity of “delivering a product (system deployment).” To prepare better cost drivers and calculate the cost of service, there was a need to determine this and observe the processes, activities, and resources involved. The conclusions show that the proposal based on the ABC method is applicable to small service providers because it leads to a more accurate investigation of costs and, therefore, provides information for making decisions.
LIDERAZGO, LA COMPETENCIA ESENCIAL QUE TRANSFORMÓ UNA EMPRESA COLOMBIANA EN UN GIGANTE INTERNACIONAL: EL CASO DE CEMENTOS ARGOS
Authors: Ochoa Díaz Héctor , Ríos Millán Ana María
Published: August 2013

Cementos Argos has long been regarded as a giant in the Colombian cement manufacturing industry. Thanks to its large capacity to reach a solid position in the domestic market as well as to its unconventional internationalization strategies, it has earned a prominent place in Colombia and other Latin American countries and even in such strong markets as the United States. This research study is an effort to document the international experience of Argos from the perspective of the most widely accepted theories of internationalization available in specialized literature, using the methodological case-study approach. As a result, it was found that retention strategies and the organizational redesign generated by the leadership of corporative management, are vital tools to ensure growth of the company in local and external markets.
PERTENENCIA Y COMPROMISO: FACTORES RELEVANTES EN LA TRANSICIÓN GENERACIONAL DE EMPRESAS FAMILIARES. CASO CONSTRUCTORAS CAMPECHE, MÉXICO
Authors: Quijano García Román Alberto , Magaña Medina Deneb Elí , Pérez Canul Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this research work was to provide a description of the sense of belonging and commitment on the part of shareholding family members in family-owned businesses specialized in the road construction industry. The design of this research work is descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional in nature. First, company owners were interviewed in order to identify family-owned businesses. A questionnaire was then administered to 64 managers who were also board of director members at these companies. The findings demonstrate a stronger sense of belonging than commitment to their organizations. It can be concluded that these factors impact generational transition because shareholders who are also family members are part of the board of directors at these kinds of companies.
IMPACTO DE LA INNOVACIÓN SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO DE LA MIPYME: UN ESTUDIO EMPÍRICO EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Galvez Albarracín Edgar Julian , Garcia Perez Domingo
Published: August 2013

The objective of this article is to provide an empirical verification of the existing relationshipbetween the degree of innovation of a company and its performance. To this end, a study wascarried out which involved 60 medium and high technology mSMEs in Cali, Colombia. Theresults of the study show that innovation in products and processes has a positive influence onthe performance of the mSMEs. These results not only reinforce the claim that innovation cannot only be a sustainable competitive advantage, but can also be useful to make entrepreneursaware of the need to innovate in order to improve competitiveness, and to help public administrationofficials in their role as promoters of innovation through financial and non-financialassistance programs.
ASIMETRÍAS DE INFORMACIÓN ENTRE AGENTE Y PRINCIPAL DE LAS UNIVERSIDADES CHILENAS
Authors: Ganga Contreras Francisco , Burotto Juan Felix
Published: August 2013

This research work is aimed at determining whether there are any informational asymmetriesbetween the presidents and the members of collegial bodies in Chilean universities. The frameworkof agency theory, in which the president of a university plays the role of agent while thecollegial body serves as principal, assumes that this kind of asymmetry exists. The methodologywas based on a closed-ended questionnaire where respondents had to demonstrate theirknowledge of supposedly basic topics related to management performance. The results providecompelling evidence confirming the agency theory, which contends that an agent holds moreinformation than a member of a collegial body, and, if internal, the member’s knowledgeexceeds that of external members.
FUNDAMENTOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN HUMANA POR COMPETENCIAS PARA SOPORTAR LA ESTRATEGIA ORGANIZACIONAL EN UNA PYME DEL SECTOR DE LA INDUSTRIA DE LAS ARTES GRÁFICAS EN CALI (COLOMBIA)
Authors: Medina Lorza Aida Florencia , Delgado Ortega Ana Maria , Lavado Alvarado Paola Andrea
Published: August 2013

Competitiveness is a key factor for improving the socioeconomic status of organizations.Consequently, there is a need to align human resources with company strategies. The objectiveof this research was to develop the foundations of a competency-based human managementsystem that supports the organizational strategy of a medium-sized company in the graphicarts industry in Cali, Colombia. To this end, a qualitative and descriptive study was carriedout which involved analyzing the company strategies using Beer’s (2001) analytical model,establishing and defining organizational competencies of critical positions to accomplish thestrategy, and providing the design guidelines for human resource management subsystems.
VENTA CRUZADA EN LOS FONDOS DE PENSIONES COLOMBIANOS: UNA APROXIMACIÓN MEDIANTE ANÁLISIS DE SUPERVIVENCIA
Authors: Machado Quevedo Andrés , Perez Londoño Alejandro , Ramirez Hassan Andrés
Published: August 2013

El desarrollo de estrategias comerciales para realizar ventas cruzadas efectivas de servicios pensionales, puede ser uno de los retos más grandes de los fondos de pensiones. Se utilizó la base de datos de los afiliados a un fondo de pensiones obligatorias colombiano para implementar varios modelos que describen la incidencia de cuatro características propias de los afiliados sobre la probabilidad de ingresar al fondo de pensiones voluntarias en el siguiente mes. Los modelos se fundamentan en las técnicas de análisis de supervivencia.
ANÁLISIS DE LA POLÍTICA DE PAGO DE DIVIDENDOS EN EMPRESAS CHILENAS
Authors: Gutierrez Urzua Mauricio , Yañez Alvarado Miguel , Umaña Hermosilla Benito
Published: August 2013

Este artículo analiza la tasa de pago de dividendos de las empresas chilenas, considerando aspectos como el pago de dividendos obligatorios, la fuerte concentra de la propiedad, las oportunidades de crecimiento y la presencia de inversionistas institucionales. La investigación se realizó para el período 2001 y 2007, a través de regresiones lineales múltiples, con selección de variables mediante el criterio de stepwise y estimación de parámetros a través de máxima verosimilitud, en donde se encontró evidencia de la utilización de la tasa de pago de dividendos para entregar información sobre los proyectos futuros de la empresa y el tratamiento justo de los accionistas. También se destaca el control ejercido por los inversionistas institucionales.
EL CARGO DE CAPITAL EN LA EVALUACIÓN DEL DESEMPEÑO FINANCIERO DE EMPRESAS INNOVADORAS DE CONFECCIONES DE CALI
Authors: Rivera Godoy Jorge Alberto , Alarcon Morales Diana Stella
Published: August 2013

El artículo busca conocer el impacto del cargo de capital sobre el valor de las empresas innovadoras de confecciones de Cali, siguiendo los lineamientos teóricos de la gestión basada en el valor y, como metodología, el análisis del valor económico agregado en el periodo 2002–2007. Se encuentra que el sector destruye valor debido a que el incremento del activo no conduce a un crecimiento semejante de la utilidad operacional después de impuestos, pero sí al aumento del cargo de capital, pese a la reducción del riesgo país. Se generan nuevos interrogantes en cuanto si la inversión en innovación va a mejorar la productividad en un futuro y si el costo de capital va a continuar descendiendo.
FACTORES DETERMINANTES Y CONSECUENCIAS DE LA ADOPCIÓN DEL COMERCIO ELECTRÓNICO B2C: UNA COMPARATIVA INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Frasquet del Toro Marta , Molla Descals Alejandro , Ruiz Molina María Eugenia
Published: August 2013

Numerosas empresas minoristas han decidido crear tiendas virtuales como alternativa a la tienda física. El presente trabajo pretende analizar los factores que influyen en esta decisión estratégica y su impacto sobre los resultados del negocio entre los principales minoristas del Reino Unido, Francia y España. A partir de una regresión binaria y del análisis de la varianza, los resultados muestran que la adopción del comercio electrónico por el minorista es afectada por el tamaño de la empresa, el tipo de bien comercializado y el país donde se ubica el establecimiento. Asimismo, se observan diferencias significativas en términos de beneficio y rentabilidad entre los minoristas que han adoptado el comercio electrónico y los que no lo han hecho.
Organizaciones de sociedad civil. Pluralismo democrático.
Authors: Crespo Razeg Faride , Buitrago Trujillo Juan Camilo
Published: August 2013

Dada la importancia de la participación democrática en la historia de Colombia¿sería posible hablar de pluralismo democrático?El objetivocentral de este artículoes presentar las transformaciones en laconformación de organizaciones de sociedad civil,considerandolos aspectos socioeconómicos y políticos,sufridos desde 1930 hastafinalesdel siglo XX en Colombia,que han cambiadolas agendas delos gobiernos, transformando su perspectiva funcional.Estoshechoshan sumido a la población en unadesilusión institucional,suscitando la reflexiónde sí sepuede hablarde un ejercicio legítimo de reivindicación civil en Colombia.La discusión surge a partir de fuentes secundarias,teniendo en cuenta perspectivas de diferentes disciplinas sobre la historia del país,centrándose en las organizaciones de sociedad civil.
La mujer directiva en la gran empresa española: perfil, competencias y estilos de dirección
Authors: Charlo Molina María José , Núñez Torrado Miriam
Published: August 2013

La escasa presencia de mujeres directivas en la gran empresa española evidencia una fuerte segregación de género del mercado de trabajo, independiente del nivel formativo. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar el perfil y estilos de dirección de las altas ejecutivas españolas, a partir de la realización de un cuestionario y de su tratamiento estadístico usando el análisis factorial. El marco teórico lo proporcionan la gestión de la diversidad y las teorías sobre paradigmas de liderazgo en la empresa. A la luz de las mismas se tratará de comprobar si existe congruencia entre el rol de género y el rol organizativo, para proponer un nuevo paradigma que minimice los efectos negativos de las posibles incongruencias