bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NARRATIVA BÍBLICA SOB O OLHAR DA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DO DISCURSO
Authors: Barros Dulce Elena Coelho
Published: December 2022

Serve-nos de corpus analítico deste estudo o evangelho de Mateus, capítulo quinze. As discussões teórico-analíticas são feitas à luz dos dados extraídos do versículo vinte e um ao versículo vinte e oito. Trata-se de uma narrativa cujo foco recai sobre um diálogo travado entre Jesus e uma mulher grega. Para proceder a análise dos efeitos de sentidos gerados da interação, supostamente estabelecida, entre os sujeitos participantes da cena enunciativa em foco e das relações de força aí compreendidas, nosso objetivo neste artigo, numa perspectiva multidisciplinar, lançamos mão de alguns preceitos da Pragmática da Interlocução de Austin (1990) e da Análise Crítica do Discurso. O método de análise, aqui adotado, segue os preceitos postulados por Fairclough (2001). O enquadre teórico-metodológico desse estudioso, cujas bases se encontram na Teoria Social do Discurso permite possíveis diálogos com uma abordagem linguística de natureza pragmática.
Trabalho no desenvolvimento do psiquismo humano e a música na expressão da subjetividade
Authors: Neto Edgar de Campos , Pires Franco Sandra Aparecida , Silva Bruna Leal
Published: December 2022

O artigo teve como objetivo geral discutir as relações do papel do trabalho como propulsor do desenvolvimento do psiquismo humano e sua relação com o papel da música na expressão da subjetividade. O problema se debruça sobre: qual é o papel do trabalho no desenvolvimento do psiquismo humano e a sua relação com a música na expressão da subjetividade? Como metodologia, propomos uma pesquisa bibliográfica com enfoque no método do materialismo histórico e dialético e a Teoria Histórico-Cultural. Como resultados, expomos que o trabalho é a essência do desenvolvimento do psiquismo humano, e isso nos aponta que essa atividade desenvolvida em nossa sociedade precisa ser ressignificada
GIPHY NAS AULAS DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Santos Daiane de Souza , Damasceno Leomara Coelho , Brito Marisandra do Nascimento , Karlo-Gomes Geam
Published: December 2022

: Este artigo apresenta o discorrer de uma prática experienciada com as tecnologias digitais no Programa Residência Pedagógica, utilizando o aplicativo Giphy. O objetivo é analisar as possibilidades de aprendizagem por meio desse aplicativo na produção do gênero textual meme, no viés do campo de atuação Jornalístico-Midiático e no desenvolvimento da competência 7 da BNCC. Trata-se de uma proposta pedagógica experimental, que analisa a prática com uma sequência didática – SD de modelo genebrino e a construção de sentidos em produções discentes elaboradas a partir da temática Consciência Negra. Por meio deste estudo, foi possível verificar que o Giphy é uma ferramenta propícia para a produção de memes, e atrelada à SD, pôde favorecer tanto a inserção dos aprendizes em práticas de linguagem com a cultura digital, quanto a criticidade diante da problemática social do racismo.
CINEMA COMO FONTE E AGENTE NA HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO:
Authors: Moraes Juliana de Mello , Oliveira César Luiz de , Brandão Leonardo
Published: December 2022

Muito além do que ocorre no mundo da educação institucionalizada, as diferentes práticas e representações do cotidiano engendram comportamentos e subjetividades em sua época. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar algumas das relações teórico-metodológicas entre o Cinema e a História da Educação, em especial o uso dessa linguagem enquanto fonte histórica e o papel do Cinema como objeto da História da Educação. Para tanto, abordamos a viabilidade metodológica dessa tipologia de fonte e, para embasar nossa hipótese, recorremos ao fenômeno dos teenpics da década de 1950 e seu efeito sobre o comportamento da juventude e à importância do Cinema na Alemanha nazista. Esses contextos demonstram a relevância do Cinema como fonte história e agente do fenômeno educacional.
PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE FOLCLORE NOS PERIÓDICOS DE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Guterres Danielle Viegas Wolff , Wolffenbüttel Cristina Rolim
Published: December 2022

Este artigo apresenta a investigação sobre o estado da arte da produção científica das pesquisas em folclore, educação e contextos educacionais, nos periódicos da área da Educação. A metodologia incluiu a abordagem qualitativa, e a pesquisa bibliográfica como método, sendo o tipo estado da arte, em periódicos Qualis A1 e A2 em educação. O termo de busca foi folclore. Foram encontradas 45 publicações distribuídas em 27 revistas. A análise dos dados revelou que, apesar da relevância da temática, ainda são poucos os estudos publicados que têm a educação básica como lócus de investigação sobre o folclore.
EDUCAÇÃO MUSICAL DE CRIANÇAS PEQUENAS
Authors: Nassif Silvia Cordeiro
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer subsídios teóricos para apropriações conscientes de materiais pedagógicos musicais para crianças pequenas disponibilizados na internet. Tendo como aporte teórico principal a psicologia histórico-cultural, são analisados cinco vídeos. As análises mostram que, a despeito de vários aspectos positivos, algumas propostas revelam um desconhecimento de questões básicas sobre o desenvolvimento infantil que podem comprometer os objetivos musicais das atividades em questão. As considerações finais apontam para a necessidade de que a educação musical de crianças pequenas seja pensada sempre em total cumplicidade com questões postas pela psicologia do desenvolvimento.
ENSINO DE LIBRAS EM CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Dos Santos Darlan Roberto
Published: December 2022

A pesquisa refere-se ao ensino da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) em cursos de graduação. O estudo teve, como questão central, a abordagem de ferramentas pedagógicas aplicadas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Libras, visando ao maior domínio da língua, por parte dos discentes. Nesse sentido, foram exploradas duas metodologias ativas: a Sala de Aula Invertida (SAI) e a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP). Além disso, o trabalho trouxe breve contextualização do ensino de Libras nos cursos de graduação, mediante a legislação vigente no Brasil e no âmbito das instituições de educação superior. A pesquisa, de natureza básica, exploratória e de cunho bibliográfico, permitiu melhor entendimento acerca das metodologias ativas e da abordagem comunicativa, aplicadas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Concluiu-se que os recursos pedagógicos abordados podem ser eficazes na otimização do ensino de Libras como segunda língua, por priorizarem a aplicação prática dos conteúdos, de modo que o aluno torna-se protagonista do processo educacional, em atividades pragmáticas e voltadas para o uso cotidiano do código linguístico.
NARRATIVAS DE UM SUJEITO SURDO HOMOSSEXUAL:
Authors: Teixeira Rodrigues Fábio Augusto , De Oliveira Bentes José Anchieta
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as relações de alteridade, por meio da análise dialógica de narrativa de vida de um sujeito surdo homossexual. Tem como referencial conceitual os achados de Bakhtin e do Círculo. Nessa análise, utiliza-se a entrevista semiestruturada para conformar as narrativas de vida. Tais narrativas foram categorizadas como ocorrências de alteridades do reconhecimento, da normalidade e do armário. Os resultados apontam que os discursos manifestados no campo da família são marcados com predominância de alteridades, uma alteridade da normalidade, em razão de condicionar o reconhecimento amoroso a partir da sexualidade do sujeito.

 

Palavras-chave: Sujeito surdo; Homossexualidade; Narrativa de vida; Relações de alteridade.
PRINCÍPIOS DIDÁTICOS PARA A ORGANIZAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE DE ENSINO:
Authors: Lacanallo Arrais Luciana Figueiredo , Gasparin João Luiz , Moya Paula Tamyris
Published: December 2022

Resumo:
O objetivo a ser alcançado nesse estudo é investigar a inter-relação entre a didática e a Teoria Histórico-Cultural a fim de sistematizar princípios didáticos que contribuam com a organização e o desenvolvimento da atividade de ensino de conteúdos escolares pelos professores que atuam nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, elegemos duas categorias para a sistematização desses princípios: a primeira contempla os princípios que retratam sobre o objeto de aprendizagem, isto é, os conceitos científicos. Na segunda, formulamos os princípios relacionados ao sujeito de aprendizagem. Em síntese, consideramos, neste estudo, que a escola deve ser compreendida como o lócus privilegiado para a socialização dos conhecimentos que vão além daqueles que são disponibilizados na vida cotidiana dos alunos.
Palavras-chave: Didática; Teoria Histórico-Cultural; Organização do ensino.
Comandos de produção textual:
Authors: Bedin Karime Torres , Costa-H¨übes Terezinha da Conceição
Published: December 2022

RESUMO: Compreender a linguagem no ensino da produção de texto como forma de interação significa assumir uma conduta discursiva, que a considera na relação entre sujeitos situados sócio-historicamente. É essa compreensão que subjaz o Currículo dos Anos Iniciais (AMOP, 2007, 2015, 2020), ao orientar o ensino de Língua Portuguesa (LP), a partir do qual  questionamo-nos: que elementos de uma proposta de escrita como forma de interação estão sendo garantidos em comandos escritos de produção textual? Assim, objetivamos, neste artigo, refletir sobre a escrita como forma de interação e sobre suas implicações na condução da atividade de produção textual.  Para isso, olhamos para comandos de produção de texto elaborados por professores do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental - Anos Iniciais, da região Oeste do Paraná, amparadas em autores como Geraldi (1997), Menegassi (2004), Costa-Hübes (2012), sem perder de vista escritos do Círculo de Bakhtin. As análises nos mostram que ainda são poucos os elementos da interação contemplados pelos professores na elaboração de comandos de produção de texto que antecedem a escrita do aluno.

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Escrita como forma de interação; Pressupostos curriculares; Comandos de produção de texto; Análise Reflexiva.
A GAMIFICAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DO ENSINO REMOTO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NO ÂMBITO DO PROGRAMA RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: Chicuta Gustavo dos Santos , Lessa de Oliveira Cristiano
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho trata de uma experiência realizada durante a vigência do Programa Residência Pedagógica, levando-se em consideração o Ensino Remoto de Língua Portuguesa. A prática desenvolvida teve como aporte algumas teorias que versam sobre gamificação, que acreditam que promover a competição/interação entre os discentes é um fator que colabora para a sua aprendizagem. Sob esse prisma, utilizamos alguns procedimentos metodológicos: (i) A leitura de textos, (ii) Discussões acerca dos descritores de Língua Portuguesa; (iii) Competição virtual- Kahoot, entre outros. Para atingir o objetivo desta pesquisa, foi adotada uma pesquisa-ação de natureza qualitativa. Por fim, analisamos o ensino de Língua Portuguesa com base nas atividades que envolvem leitura, raciocínio, interpretação e entretenimento.
BRINCAR NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL:
Authors: Sandini Sabrina Plá , De Lima Larissa Grigoletto
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo trata da importância do brincar na Educação Infantil, uma vez que o mesmo tenha um grande potencial de contribuição ao desenvolvimento das crianças, além do mais, é a principal característica da infância. O objetivo é analisar como os professores trabalham o brincar em suas turmas, pensando no fato de muitos ainda o enxergarem como uma mera atividade de recompensa ás crianças. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo com cunho qualitativo e análise descritiva, a investigação realizou-se em um Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil no Sudoeste da Paraná com coletas de dados a partir de questionários aplicados aos docentes, seguido de observações. A pesquisa evidenciou que a prática dos professores mostra contradições com a teoria explicitada por eles nas respostas dos questionários, logo, entende-se que ainda há muito a se cobrar e a ensinar aos professores práticas que incluem o brincar como ferramenta de desenvolvimento integral.
Chemically crosslinked hyaluronic acid-chitosan hydrogel for application on cartilage regeneration
Authors: Escalante Sandra , Rico Gustavo , Becerra José , San Román Julio , Vázquez-Lasa Blanca , Aguilar Maria Rosa , Durán Iván , García-Fernández Luis
Published: December 2022

Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue that lines the ends of bones in diarthrodial joints, serves as support, acts as a shock absorber, and facilitates joint’s motion. It is formed by chondrocytes immersed in a dense extracellular matrix (principally composed of aggrecan linked to hyaluronic acid long chains). Damage to this tissue is usually associated with traumatic injuries or age-associated processes that often lead to discomfort, pain and disability in our aging society. Currently, there are few surgical alternatives to treat cartilage damage: the most commonly used is the microfracture procedure, but others include limited grafting or alternative chondrocyte implantation techniques, however, none of them completely restore a fully functional cartilage. Here we present the development of hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and chitosan loaded with chondroitin sulfate by a new strategy of synthesis using biodegradable di-isocyanates to obtain an interpenetrated network of chitosan and hyaluronic acid for cartilage repair. These scaffolds act as delivery systems for the chondroitin sulfate and present mucoadhesive properties, which stabilizes the clot of microfracture procedures and promotes superficial chondrocyte differentiation favoring a true articular cellular colonization of the cartilage. This double feature potentially improves the microfracture technique and it will allow the development of next-generation therapies against articular cartilage damage.
Longitudinal in vivo biodistribution of nano and micro sized hydroxyapatite particles implanted in a bone defect
Authors: Liu Yang , Sebastian Sujeesh , Huang Jintian , Corbascio Tova , Engellau Jacob , Lidgren Lars , Tägil Magnus , Raina Deepak Bushan
Published: December 2022

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a bone substitute and more recently as a carrier for local delivery of bone targeted drugs. Majority of the approved HA based biomaterials and drug carriers comprise of micrometer sized particulate HA (mHA) or granules and can therefore only be used for extracellular drug release. This shortcoming could be overcome with the use of cell penetrating HA nanoparticles (nHA) but a major concern with the clinical use of nHA is the lack of data on its in vivo biodistribution after implantation. In this study, we aimed to study the in vivo biodistribution of locally implanted nHA in a clinically relevant tibial void in rats and compare it with mHA or a combination of mHA and nHA. To enable in vivo tracking, HA particles were first labelled with 14C-zoledronic acid (14C-ZA), known to have a high binding affinity to HA. The labelled particles were then implanted in the animals and the radioactivity in the proximal tibia and vital organs was detected at various time points (Day 1, 7 and 28) post-implantation using scintillation counting. The local distribution of the particles in the bone was studied with micro-CT. We found that majority (>99.9%) of the implanted HA particles, irrespective of the size, stayed locally at the implantation site even after 28 days and the findings were confirmed using micro-CT. Less than 0.1% radioactivity was observed in the kidney and the spleen at later time points of day 7 and 28. No pathological changes in any of the vital organs could be observed histologically. This is the first longitudinal in vivo HA biodistribution study showing that the local implantation of nHA particles in bone is safe and that nHA could potentially be used for localized drug delivery.
Novel assay to measure chromosome instability identifies Punica granatum extract that elevates CIN and has a potential for tumor- suppressing therapies
Authors: Goncharov Nikolay V. , Kovalskaia Valeria A. , Romanishin Alexander O. , Shved Nikita A. , Belousov Andrei S. , Tiasto Vladlena S. , Gulaia Valeriia S. , Neergheen Vidushi S. , Rummun Nawraj , Liskovykh Mikhail , Larionov Vladimir , Kouprina Natalay , Kumeiko Vadim V.
Published: December 2022

Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) have provided a useful tool to study kinetochore structure and function, gene delivery, and gene expression. The HAC propagates and segregates properly in the cells. Recently, we have developed an experimental high-throughput imaging (HTI) HAC-based assay that allows the identification of genes whose depletion leads to chromosome instability (CIN). The HAC carries a GFP transgene that facilitates quantitative measurement of CIN. The loss of HAC/GFP may be measured by flow cytometry or fluorescence scanning microscope. Therefore, CIN rate can be measured by counting the proportion of fluorescent cells. Here, the HAC/GFP-based assay has been adapted to screen anticancer compounds for possible induction or elevation of CIN. We analyzed 24 cytotoxic plant extracts. Punica granatum leaf extract (PLE) indeed sharply increases CIN rate in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. PLE treatment leads to cell cycle arrest, reduction of mitotic index, and the increased numbers of micronuclei (MNi) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs). PLE-mediated increased CIN correlates with the induction of double-stranded breaks (DSBs). We infer that the PLE extract contains a component(s) that elevate CIN, making it a candidate for further study as a potential cancer treatment. The data also provide a proof of principle for the utility of the HAC/GFP-based system in screening for natural products and other compounds that elevate CIN in cancer cells.
Targeted protein degradation by Trim-Away using cell resealing coupled with microscopic image-based quantitative analysis
Authors: Kunishige Rina , Murata Masayuki , Kano Fumi
Published: December 2022

“Trim-Away” technology enables rapid degradation of endogenous proteins without prior modification of protein-coding genes or mRNAs through delivery of antibodies that target proteins of interest. Although this approach can be readily applied to almost any cytosolic protein, strategies for cytosolic antibody delivery have been limited to microinjection or electroporation, which require skill-dependent operation or specialized equipment. Thus, the development of antibody delivery methods that are convenient, scalable, and preferably do not require detachment of adherent cells is required to extend the versatility of the Trim-Away method. Here, we developed a cell resealing technique optimized for Trim-Away degradation, which uses the pore-forming toxin streptolysin O (SLO) to permeabilize the cell membrane and delivered the antibodies of interest into HEK293T, HeLa, and HK-2 cell lines. We demonstrated the ability of Trim-Away protein degradation using IKKα and mTOR as targets, and we showed the availability of the developed system in antibody screening for the Trim-Away method. Furthermore, we effectively coupled Trim-Away with cyclic immunofluorescence and microscopic image-based analysis, which enables single-cell multiplexed imaging analysis. Taking advantage of this new analysis strategy, we were able to compensate for low signal-to-noise due to cell-to-cell variation, which occurs in the Trim-Away method because of the heterogenous contents of the introduced antibody, target protein, and TRIM21 in individual cells. Therefore, the reported cell resealing technique coupled with microscopic image analysis enables Trim-Away users to elucidate target protein function and the effects of target protein degradation on various cellular functions in a more quantitative and precise manner.
Review of security techniques for memristor computing systems
Authors: Zou Minhui , Du Nan , Kvatinsky Shahar
Published: December 2022

Neural network (NN) algorithms have become the dominant tool in visual object recognition, natural language processing, and robotics. To enhance the computational efficiency of these algorithms, in comparison to the traditional von Neuman computing architectures, researchers have been focusing on memristor computing systems. A major drawback when using memristor computing systems today is that, in the artificial intelligence (AI) era, well-trained NN models are intellectual property and, when loaded in the memristor computing systems, face theft threats, especially when running in edge devices. An adversary may steal the well-trained NN models through advanced attacks such as learning attacks and side-channel analysis. In this paper, we review different security techniques for protecting memristor computing systems. Two threat models are described based on their assumptions regarding the adversary’s capabilities: a black-box (BB) model and a white-box (WB) model. We categorize the existing security techniques into five classes in the context of these threat models: thwarting learning attacks (BB), thwarting side-channel attacks (BB), NN model encryption (WB), NN weight transformation (WB), and fingerprint embedding (WB). We also present a cross-comparison of the limitations of the security techniques. This paper could serve as an aid when designing secure memristor computing systems.
Anabolic–androgenic steroids: How do they work and what are the risks?
Authors: Bond Peter , Smit Diederik L. , de Ronde Willem
Published: December 2022

Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are a class of hormones that are widely abused for their muscle-building and strength-increasing properties in high, nontherapeutic, dosages. This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview on how these hormones work and what side effects they might elicit. We discuss how AAS are absorbed into the circulation after intramuscular injection or oral ingestion and how they are subsequently transported to the tissues, where they will move into the extravascular compartment and diffuse into their target cells. Inside these cells, AAS can biotransform into different metabolites or bind to their cognate receptor: the androgen receptor. AAS and their metabolites can cause side effects such as acne vulgaris, hypertension, hepatotoxicity, dyslipidemia, testosterone deficiency, erectile dysfunction, gynecomastia, and cardiomyopathy. Where applicable, we mention treatment options and self-medication practices of AAS users to counteract these side effects. Clinicians may use this review as a guide for understanding how AAS use can impact health and to assist in patient education and, in some cases, the management of side effects.
PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy
Authors: Li Qian , Han Jingjing , Yang Yonglin , Chen Yu
Published: December 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high prevalence and mortality rate worldwide. Sorafenib monotherapy has been the standard of first-line treatment for advanced HCC for a long time, but there are still many shortcomings. In recent years, with the deepening of research on tumor immune microenvironment, researchers have begun to explore new approaches in immunotherapy, and the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has brought fundamental changes to the treatment of HCC. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays an important role in down-regulating immune system function and promoting tolerance. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) is involved in tumor immune evasion by binding to PD-1, resulting in failure of treatment. Currently, immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has achieved unprecedented success in HCC, but it also faces great challenges, with its low remission rate still to be solved. For most patients with HCC, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is not the only rate limiting factor of antitumor immunity, and blocking only the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is not enough to stimulate an effective antitumor immune response; thus, combination therapy may be a better option. In this study, changes in the immune microenvironment of HCC patients were reviewed to clarify the feasibility of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, and a series of monotherapy and combination therapy clinical trials were summarized to verify the safety and efficacy of this newly developed treatment in patients with advanced HCC. Furthermore, we focused on hyperprogressive disease and drug resistance to gain a better understanding of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as a promising treatment.
The role and mechanism of gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty in the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Tao Pengyu , Ji Jing , Wang Qian , Cui Mengmeng , Cao Mingfeng , Xu Yuzhen
Published: December 2022

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), an emerging global health issue, is one of the most severe microvascular complications derived from diabetes and a primary pathology contributing to end-stage renal disease. The currently available treatment provides only symptomatic relief and has failed to delay the progression of DKD into chronic kidney disease. Recently, multiple studies have proposed a strong link between intestinal dysbiosis and the occurrence of DKD. The gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) capable of regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and energy metabolism have been considered versatile players in the prevention and treatment of DKD. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the intervention of the gut microbiota–kidney axis in the development of DKD still remains to be explored. This review provides insight into the contributory role of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs in DKD.
Fall armyworm from a maize multi-peril pest risk perspective
Authors: Senay Senait D. , Pardey Philip G. , Chai Yuan , Doughty Laura , Day Roger
Published: December 2022

We assembled 3,175 geo-tagged occurrences of fall armyworm worldwide and used that data in conjunction with information about the physiological requirements of the pest to spatially assess its global climate suitability. Our analysis indicates that almost the entire African maize crop is grown in areas with climates that support seasonal infestations of the insect, while almost 92% of the maize area supports year-round growth of the pest. In contrast, rich-country maize production largely occurs in temperate areas where only 2.3% of the area may allow the pest to survive year-round, although still subject to worrisome seasonal risks. This means the African maize crop is especially susceptible to damaging infestation from fall armyworm, on par with the risk exposure to this pest faced by maize producers throughout Latin America. We show that the maize grown in Africa is also especially vulnerable to infestations from a host of other crop pests. Our multi-peril pest risk study reveals that over 95% of the African maize area deemed climate suitable for fall armyworm, can also support year-round survival of at least three or more pests. The spatial concurrence of climatically suitable locations for these pests raises the production risk for farmers well above the risks posed from fall armyworm alone. Starkly, over half (52.5%) of the African maize area deemed suitable for fall armyworm is also at risk from a further nine pests, while over a third (38.1%) of the area is susceptible to an additional 10 pests. This constitutes an exceptionally risky production environment for African maize producers, with substantive and complex implications for developing and implementing crop breeding, biological, chemical and other crop management strategies to help mitigate these multi-peril risks.
Mapping of surface-generated noise coherence
Authors: Shajahan Najeem , Barclay David R , Lin Ying-Tsong
Published: December 2022

The performance of a hydrophone array can be evaluated by its coherent gain, which depends on the spatial correlation of both the signal of interest and the background noise between different array elements, where one hopes to maximize the former while minimizing the latter with array signal processing. In this paper, a computational vertical noise coherence map of the first zero-crossing is generated near Alvin Canyon, south of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, to study its dependence on the spatial variation in bathymetry, water column sound speed and sediment type. A two and three-dimensional Parabolic Equation propagation model based on reciprocity theory were used for the simulation. The results showed that the seabed parameters have the greatest impact on vertical noise coherence at the array location in the Alvin Canyon area, when compared to 3-D bathymetric and water column sound speed profile variability, especially in the shallower water. The analysis reveals the ideal spacing for a vertical hydrophone array for better signal detection in acoustic experiments. In the continental shelf and slope regions, the ideal spacing lies between 3λ⁄8 in deep water and λ⁄2 in shallow water, and for areas with strong bathymetric variations the ideal spacing can be determined by comprehensive numerical models.
A will-o’-the wisp? On the utility of voluntary contributions of data and knowledge from the fishing industry to marine science
Authors: Steins Nathalie A. , Mackinson Steven , Mangi Stephen C. , Pastoors Martin A. , Stephenson Robert L. , Ballesteros Marta , Brooks Kate , McIsaac James A. , Baker Matthew R. , Calderwood Julia , Neis Barbara , Ogier Emily M. , Reid Dave G.
Published: December 2022

For future sustainable management of fisheries, we anticipate deeper and more diverse information will be needed. Future needs include not only biological data, but also information that can only come from fishers, such as real-time ‘early warning’ indicators of changes at sea, socio-economic data and fishing strategies. The fishing industry, in our experience, shows clear willingness to voluntarily contribute data and experiential knowledge, but there is little evidence that current institutional frameworks for science and management are receptive and equipped to accommodate such contributions. Current approaches to producing knowledge in support of fisheries management need critical re-evaluation, including the contributions that industry can make. Using examples from well-developed advisory systems in Europe, United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, we investigate evidence for three interrelated issues inhibiting systematic integration of voluntary industry contributions to science: (1) concerns about data quality; (2) beliefs about limitations in useability of unique fishers’ knowledge; and (3) perceptions about the impact of industry contributions on the integrity of science. We show that whilst these issues are real, they can be addressed. Entrenching effective science-industry research collaboration (SIRC) calls for action in three specific areas; (i) a move towards alternative modes of knowledge production; (ii) establishing appropriate quality assurance frameworks; and (iii) transitioning to facilitating governance structures. Attention must also be paid to the science-policy-stakeholder interface. Better definition of industry’s role in contributing to science will improve credibility and legitimacy of the scientific process, and of resulting management.
Effects of fishery and environmental factors on a novel multispecies pot targeting European lobster (Homarus gammarus), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and edible crab (Cancer pagurus)
Authors: Königson Sara , Naddafi Rahmat , Lunneryd Sven-Gunnar , Bryhn Andreas C. , Macleod Kelly , Ljungberg Peter
Published: December 2022

Small-scale fisheries along the Swedish west coast are often operated by using small vessels, targeting multiple species by means of pots and gillnets. Fisheries using pots targeting shellfish such as European lobster (Homarus gammarus), and edible crab (Cancer pagurus) along the Swedish west coast have a relatively high economic value. However, gillnet fisheries targeting demersal fish are currently diminishing primarily due to depleted fish stocks and increased seal depredation. Small-scale fisheries are considered sustainable fisheries due to the use of selective gears and low energy consumption. To be able to retain and promote a sustainable small-scale fishery, there is a need to develop an economically viable fishery, where selective, seal-safe and sustainable gear is utilized. One potential way forward could be to develop a pot to be used for multiple target species traditionally caught in pots and gillnets. Since both shellfish and cod (Gadus morhua) can be caught in pots, the objective of this work was to develop a multispecies pot targeting lobster, edible crab and cod. Seven multi-species pots were developed and tested off the west coast of Sweden between 2015 and 2017. The catch rate, defined as catch per pot per day (CPUE) of lobster, edible crab and cod, was evaluated taking into regard fisheries-related variables such as pot type, bait, soak time, seal damage and abundance of species in the pot. The relative CPUE of lobster and cod was highest in larger pots with two chambers and three open entrances. The highest CPUE for lobster was 0.24 individuals per pot and the highest CPUE for cod was 0.17 individuals per pot. Pots with entrances equipped with funnels, preventing cod from escaping, also had a high cod CPUE (0.23 individuals per). The CPUE of crabs was not affected by pot type. For cod, lobster and crab, the CPUE significantly decreased with increasing soak time. Seal damage only occurred when cod were trapped in the pots and the CPUE of cod was higher in pots subjected to seal damage, indicating that seals raid pots specifically when cods are trapped inside.
Multifunctionally-doped PEDOT for organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Carli Stefano , Bianchi Michele , Di Lauro Michele , Prato Mirko , Toma Andrea , Leoncini Marco , De Salvo Anna , Murgia Mauro , Fadiga Luciano , Biscarini Fabio
Published: December 2022

Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) are suitable for developing ultra-sensitive bioelectronic sensors. In the organic electrochemical transistors architecture, the source-drain channel is made of a conductive polymer film either cast from a formulated dispersion or electrodeposited from a monomer solution. The commercial poly(3,4-ethylenedioxidethiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) water dispersion is the workhorse of organic bioelectronics for its high conductance, low impact and ease of processability. In this study, a hybrid organic electrochemical transistors channel fabrication strategy is presented, where electrochemical deposition of a PEDOT/X (with X indicating the counterion) is performed on a dispersion-cast PEDOT:PSS film. Six different counterions where used: X = PSS, Nafion, Hyaluronate, Dextran sulfate, Dexamethasone phosphate and tauroursodeoxycholic acid, each potentially endowing organic electrochemical transistors with additional functions such as ion exchange and pharmacological activity upon release of X. The PEDOT/X-PEDOT:PSS bilayers were characterized by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and focused ion beam tomography combined with scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). In addition, their respective organic electrochemical transistorss were characterized and compared to PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistors. Our results show that the hybrid bilayer strategy is viable to fabricate multifunctional organic electrochemical transistorss with biologically-relevant function, thereby retaining the outstanding figures of merit of commercial PEDOT:PSS.
Nanostructured carbon electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion and storage: A mini review on the structural impact
Authors: Yang Mengqing , Wang Mengjie , Zhang Minna , Sun Xun , Xuan Xiaoxu
Published: December 2022

Electrochemical conversions of carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and nitrogen have offered effective ways to relieve the problems of carbon dioxide over-emission and fluctuated energy (such as solar, wind, tide, etc.) storage. The key factor that impacts the electrochemical system’s performance is the catalysts employed. Among all the materials, carbon nanomaterials generally exhibit high catalytic activity which is attributed to the high conductivity, large specific surface area, and exposed active sites. Recently, more and more researchers set their sights on applying the carbon nanomaterials in large-scale projects. Herein, it is of great importance to review the most recent studies on carbon nanomaterials in electrochemical applications. This paper summarizes the applications of carbon nanomaterials in electrochemical processes, and the structure impact on the performance. Further, challenges in this field are discussed, which can guide the innovative synthesis of efficient nanostructured carbon electrocatalysts for practical, large-scale energy conversion applications.
Evaluation of a rapid susceptibility test of polymyxin B by MALDI-TOF
Authors: Barth Patricia Orlandi , Volpato Fabiana Caroline Zempulski , Moreira Natália Kehl , Wink Priscila Lamb , de Souza Ândrea Celestino , Barth Afonso Luís
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms have become increasingly common in hospital environments around the world. Gram-negative bacilli stands out among multidrug-resistant bacteria mostly due to the production of carbapenemase enzymes which lead to resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics including the carbapenems. As a consequence, polymyxins have been reintroduced in the clinic as a last resort to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli resistant to carbapenems. However, the only reliable method to evaluate the susceptibility to polymyxins is the broth microdilution, a laborious and time-consuming technique. Among infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, bloodstream infections are the most worrisome as they can lead to sepsis and septic shock with high mortality rates.

Objective

Considering the severity of sepsis and the need for a treatment guided for the susceptibility test in vitro, this work aimed to evaluate a rapid method of polymyxins susceptibility either from colonies grown on agar or directly from positive blood culture bottles using the technology of MALDI-TOF.

Methods

The method was based on the “direct on target microdroplets growth assay” (DOT-MGA) originally developed by Idelevich and collaborators with some modifications (Adapted DOT-MGA). Isolates of Enterobacterales and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli resistant to carbapenems were obtained from patients attending a tertiary care hospital in southern Brazil and tested as follows: 122 isolates from colonies grown on agar plates and 117 isolates directly from spiked positive blood cultures.

Results

The adapted DOT-MGA presented 95 and 100% of categorical agreement considering the colonies grown on agar plates and directly from positive blood cultures, respectively.

Discussion

The adapted DOT-MGA test proved to be a reliable technique to evaluate the susceptibility to polymyxins to be used in microbiology laboratories with the MALDI-TOF equipment.
Mechanistic insights into the role of calcium in the allosteric regulation of the calmodulin-regulated death-associated protein kinase
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Li Bo , Li Jun , Yang Mingyuan , Bai Yushu , Chen Kai , Chen Ziqiang , Mao Ningfang
Published: December 2022

Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays an important role in the regulation of many cellular functions. Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) serves as a primary effector of calcium function. Ca2+/CaM binds to the death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. However, the mechanism underlying the influence of Ca2+ on the conformational dynamics of the DAPK1−CaM interactions is still unclear. Here, we performed large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the DAPK1−CaM complex in the Ca2+-bound and-unbound states to reveal the importance of Ca2+. MD simulations revealed that removal of Ca2+ increased the anti-correlated inter-domain motions between DAPK1 and CaM, which weakened the DAPK1−CaM interactions. Binding free energy calculations validated the decreased DAPK1−CaM interactions in the Ca2+-unbound state. Structural analysis further revealed that Ca2+ removal caused the significant conformational changes at the DAPK1−CaM interface, especially the helices α1, α2, α4, α6, and α7 from the CaM and the basic loop and the phosphate-binding loop from the DAPK1. These results may be useful to understand the biological role of Ca2+ in physiological processes.
Rates of ultrasonic vocalizations are more strongly related than acoustic features to non-vocal behaviors in mouse pups
Authors: Pranic Nicole M. , Kornbrek Caroline , Yang Chen , Cleland Thomas A. , Tschida Katherine A.
Published: December 2022

Mouse pups produce. ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to isolation from the nest (i.e., isolation USVs). Rates and acoustic features of isolation USVs change dramatically over the first two weeks of life, and there is also substantial variability in the rates and acoustic features of isolation USVs at a given postnatal age. The factors that contribute to within age variability in isolation USVs remain largely unknown. Here, we explore the extent to which non-vocal behaviors of mouse pups relate to the within age variability in rates and acoustic features of their USVs. We recorded non-vocal behaviors of isolated C57BL/6J mouse pups at four postnatal ages (postnatal days 5, 10, 15, and 20), measured rates of isolation USV production, and applied a combination of pre-defined acoustic feature measurements and an unsupervised machine learning-based vocal analysis method to examine USV acoustic features. When we considered different categories of non-vocal behavior, our analyses revealed that mice in all postnatal age groups produce higher rates of isolation USVs during active non-vocal behaviors than when lying still. Moreover, rates of isolation USVs are correlated with the intensity (i.e., magnitude) of non-vocal body and limb movements within a given trial. In contrast, USVs produced during different categories of non-vocal behaviors and during different intensities of non-vocal movement do not differ substantially in their acoustic features. Our findings suggest that levels of behavioral arousal contribute to within age variability in rates, but not acoustic features, of mouse isolation USVs
Neuronal oscillations: early biomarkers of psychiatric disease?
Authors: Günther Anne , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L.
Published: December 2022

Our understanding of the environmental and genetic factors contributing to the wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders has significantly increased in recent years. Impairment of neuronal network activity during early development has been suggested as a contributor to the emergence of neuropsychiatric pathologies later in life. Still, the neurobiological substrates underlying these disorders remain yet to be fully understood and the lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis has impeded research into curative treatment options. Here, we briefly review current knowledge on potential biomarkers for emerging neuropsychiatric disease. Moreover, we summarize recent findings on aberrant activity patterns in the context of psychiatric disease, with a particular focus on their potential as early biomarkers of neuropathologies, an essential step towards pre-symptomatic diagnosis and, thus, early intervention.
Dynamic regulation and key roles of ribonucleic acid methylation
Authors: Zou Jia , Liu Hui , Tan Wei , Chen Yi-qi , Dong Jing , Bai Shu-yuan , Wu Zhao-xia , Zeng Yan
Published: December 2022

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation is the most abundant modification in biological systems, accounting for 60% of all RNA modifications, and affects multiple aspects of RNA (including mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs). Dysregulation of RNA methylation causes many developmental diseases through various mechanisms mediated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hm5C), and pseudouridine (Ψ). The emerging tools of RNA methylation can be used as diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic markers. Here, we review the accumulated discoveries to date regarding the biological function and dynamic regulation of RNA methylation/modification, as well as the most popularly used techniques applied for profiling RNA epitranscriptome, to provide new ideas for growth and development.
Tuberculous pleural effusion prediction using ant colony optimizer with grade-based search assisted support vector machine
Authors: Li Chengye , Hou Lingxian , Pan Jingye , Chen Huiling , Cai Xueding , Liang Guoxi
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Although tuberculous pleural effusion (TBPE) is simply an inflammatory response of the pleura caused by tuberculosis infection, it can lead to pleural adhesions and cause sequelae of pleural thickening, which may severely affect the mobility of the chest cavity.

Methods

In this study, we propose bGACO-SVM, a model with good diagnostic power, for the adjunctive diagnosis of TBPE. The model is based on an enhanced continuous ant colony optimization (ACOR) with grade-based search technique (GACO) and support vector machine (SVM) for wrapped feature selection. In GACO, grade-based search greatly improves the convergence performance of the algorithm and the ability to avoid getting trapped in local optimization, which improves the classification capability of bGACO-SVM.

Results

To test the performance of GACO, this work conducts comparative experiments between GACO and nine basic algorithms and nine state-of-the-art variants as well. Although the proposed GACO does not offer much advantage in terms of time complexity, the experimental results strongly demonstrate the core advantages of GACO. The accuracy of bGACO-predictive SVM was evaluated using existing datasets from the UCI and TBPE datasets.

Discussion

In the TBPE dataset trial, 147 TBPE patients were evaluated using the created bGACO-SVM model, showing that the bGACO-SVM method is an effective technique for accurately predicting TBPE.
A pairwise functional connectivity similarity measure method based on few-shot learning for early MCI detection
Authors: Zhang Xiangfei , Shams Shayel Parvez , Yu Hang , Wang Zhengxia , Zhang Qingchen
Published: December 2022

Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible neurological disease, therefore prompt diagnosis during its early stage, i.e., early mild cognitive impairment (MCI), is crucial for effective treatment. In this paper, we propose an automatic diagnosis method, a few-shot learning-based pairwise functional connectivity (FC) similarity measure method, to detect early MCI. We first employ a sliding window strategy to generate a dynamic functional connectivity network (FCN) using each subject's rs-fMRI data. Then, normal controls (NCs) and early MCI patients are distinguished by measuring the similarity between the dynamic FC series of corresponding brain regions of interest (ROIs) pairs in different subjects. However, previous studies have shown that FC patterns in different ROI-pairs contribute differently to disease classification. To enable the FCs of different ROI-pairs to make corresponding contributions to disease classification, we adopt a self-attention mechanism to weight the FC features. We evaluated the suggested strategy using rs-fMRI data obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, and the results point to the viability of our approach for detecting MCI at an early stage.