bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Prostate Cancer Based on Existence of Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Dragomir Alice , Touma Nawar , Hu Jason , Perreault Sylvie , Aprikian Armen G.
Published: February 2023

Background: Controversy exists regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with prostate cancer. We sought to evaluate the association between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists versus GnRH antagonist and the risk of CVD in patients with prostate cancer with or without prior CVD. Patients and Methods: Using administrative databases from Quebec, Canada, we identified first-time GnRH agonists and antagonist (degarelix) users between January 2012 and June 2016. Follow-up ended at the earliest of the following: first CVD event (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, ischemic heart disease [IHD], arrhythmia, and heart failure [HF]); switch of GnRH group; death; or December 31, 2016. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on the propensity score was used to control for potential confounding. IPTW-Cox proportional hazards model accounting for competing risks was used to evaluate the association of interest. Results: Among 10,785 patients identified, 10,201 and 584 were on GnRH agonists and antagonist, respectively. Median age was 75 years (interquartile range, 69–81 years) for both groups. A total of 4,152 (40.7%) men in the GnRH agonists group and 281 (48.1%) men in the GnRH antagonist group had CVD in the 3-year period prior to ADT initiation. Risk of HF was decreased in the antagonist group compared with the GnRH agonist group among patients with prior CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26–0.79). Risk of IHD was decreased in the antagonist group in patients without prior CVD (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11–0.65). Use of antagonist was associated with an increased risk of arrhythmia among patients with no prior CVD (HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.63–3.36). Conclusions: Compared with GnRH agonists, the GnRH antagonist was found to be associated with a decreased risk of HF, specifically among patients with prior CVD. Among those with no prior CVD, the GnRH antagonist was associated with a decreased risk of IHD but an increased risk of arrhythmia.
Uterine Neoplasms, Version 1.2023, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Abu-Rustum Nadeem , Yashar Catheryn , Arend Rebecca , Barber Emma , Bradley Kristin , Brooks Rebecca , Campos Susana M. , Chino Junzo , Chon Hye Sook , Chu Christina , Crispens Marta Ann , Damast Shari , Fisher Christine M. , Frederick Peter , Gaffney David K. , Giuntoli Robert , Han Ernest , Holmes Jordan , Howitt Brooke E. , Lea Jayanthi , Mariani Andrea , Mutch David , Nagel Christa , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Podoll Mirna , Salani Ritu , Schorge John , Siedel Jean , Sisodia Rachel , Soliman Pamela , Ueda Stefanie , Urban Renata , Wethington Stephanie L. , Wyse Emily , Zanotti Kristine , McMillian Nicole R. , Aggarwal Shaili
Published: February 2023

Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (also known as endometrial cancer, or more broadly as uterine cancer or carcinoma of the uterine corpus) is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in the United States. It is estimated that 65,950 new uterine cancer cases will have occurred in 2022, with 12,550 deaths resulting from the disease. Endometrial carcinoma includes pure endometrioid cancer and carcinomas with high-risk endometrial histology (including uterine serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma [also known as malignant mixed Müllerian tumor], and undifferentiated/dedifferentiated carcinoma). Stromal or mesenchymal sarcomas are uncommon subtypes accounting for approximately 3% of all uterine cancers. This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for Uterine Neoplasms focuses on the diagnosis, staging, and management of pure endometrioid carcinoma. The complete version of the NCCN Guidelines for Uterine Neoplasms is available online at NCCN.org.
Advancing More Equitable Care Through the Development of a Health Equity Report Card
Authors: Schatz Alyssa A. , Chambers Shonta , Wartman Gretchen C. , Lacasse Lisa A. , Denlinger Crystal S. , Hobbs Kristen M. , Bandini Lindsey , Carlson Robert W. , Winn Robert A.
Published: February 2023

The root causes of racial disparities in access to optimal cancer care and related cancer outcomes are complex, multifactorial, and not rooted in biology. Contributing factors to racial disparities in care delivery include implicit and explicit bias, lack of representation of people of color in the oncology care and research workforce, and homogenous research participants that are not representative of the larger community. Systemic and structural barriers include policies leading to lack of insurance and underinsurance, costs of cancer treatment and associated ancillary costs of care, disparate access to clinical trials, and social determinants of health, including exposure to environmental hazards, access to housing, childcare, and economic injustices. To address these issues, ACS CAN, NCCN, and NMQF convened the Elevating Cancer Equity (ECE) initiative. The ECE Working Group developed the Health Equity Report Card (HERC). In this manuscript, we describe the process taken by the ECE Working Group to develop the HERC recommendations, the strategies employed by NCCN to develop an implementation plan and scoring methodology for the HERC, and next steps to pilot the HERC tool in practice settings.
DATAVAULTS APP: PERSONAL DATA PLATFORM IN THE SMART CITIES DOMAIN AND ITS POTENTIAL INTEGRATION INTO IDS ARCHITECTURES (INTERNATIONAL DATA SPACE)
Authors: López Osa María José , MURUA IDOIA , ITURRASPE BARTUREN URTZA , AREIZAGA SANCHEZ ENRIQUE , SANCHEZ PELAEZ VALENTIN , TORRE BASTIDA ANA ISABEL
Published: February 2023

Current data sharing architectures, like International Data Space – IDS, still lack maturity and certain requirements or functionalities that prevent them from being complete solutions when it comes to implementing intelligent, exploitable, secure, and reliable data spaces on which to develop a healthy data economy. One of these main shortcomings is the treatment of personal data and it is that these reference models are highly oriented to guarantee the sovereignty of the data for industrial data, and therefore the access control and exploitation of personal data is out of their scope, forgetting the exceptional privacy and usage conditions that must be considered in this type of data. In this paper we present the DataVaults project, and the platform implemented to allow the discovery of this kind of data and at the same time, control that only those who have been specified by the owner user have access and under the terms that he has previously established. Our approach allows the exchange of information not to be limited to industrial or business domains, where sharing is focused only on impersonal industrial data. The validation will be carried out in cases of use started in Smart Cities for the treatment of data and decision-making of citizens.
Key Words: Data sharing, International Data Spaces, personal data privacy, access and usage control.
METRICS FOR THE PROTECTION OF TEMPLATE METHODS IN OBJECT-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Ramírez García Elías Alejandro , SANTAOLAYA SALGADO RENE , FRAGOSO DIAZ OLIVIA GRACIELA , VALENZUELA  ROBLES BLANCA DINA
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT:
Currently there are a large number of metrics to measure the quality of software architectural design, however, there are still missing metrics that are not defined in the literature, such as metrics to measure the protection of methods associated with the "Template Method" design pattern. In this work, a research applied to technological development was carried out based on the theory of measurement as a means of validation and combination of empirical conditions with formal conditions. The main result of the research was a set of four metrics that allow to evaluate the internal quality of software architectures in order to facilitate their maintenance and useful life time, as well as their reuse. Three of them measure the degree of modular protection in template methods (PMMP), variant functions (PMFV) and invariant functions (PMFI). The fourth one measures the degree of total protection that the Template Method design pattern has in a software architecture (PTTM).
Finally, the metrics were implemented in a system to automate the calculation applied to three test cases where the validation was given by comparing the expected results with the obtained values.

Keywords: Template Method, functional protection, variant functions, invariant functions, indirect coupling.
Dermoscopic features of an unusual case of targetoid hemosiderotic nevus
Authors: Jeong Sun Mun , Jung Jang Hwan , Kwon Do Ik , Seong Seol Hwa , Jang Ji Yun , Park Jong Bin , Jang Min Soo
Published: February 2023

Targetoid hemosiderotic nevus (THN) is a rare variant of melanocytic nevus, characterized by a sudden development of a targetoid ecchymotic halo around a pre-existing nevus. THN clinically raises concern for malignant transformation due to its abrupt change in color and size. THN should be distinguished from other diseases showing a peripheral halo, including targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, halo nevus, and Meyerson nevus. Dermoscopy can help clinicians to differentiate THN from these diseases. The typical dermoscopic features of THN are known to be divided into two distinctive areas: the central melanocytic area and the peripheral ecchymotic area. In our case, dermoscopy revealed a novel bull’s eye pattern composed of a central area with characteristic features of benign melanocytic nevus, an intermediated white circular ring, and a peripheral milky red area. When a sudden change occurs in a pre-existing nodule showing targetoid features, dermoscopy should be considered before conducting a biopsy or surgical intervention.
Valoración profesional del sector periodístico sobre el efecto de la desinformación y las fake news en el ecosistema mediático
Authors: Martín García Alberto , Buitrago Álex
Published: February 2023

La desinformación y los bulos son fenómenos comunicativos anteriores al nacimiento de las redes sociales, pero con la consolidación de estas se han hecho más visibles. El periodismo tiene una misión fundamental como escudo contra esta problemática y como creador de noticias y contenidos veraces, pero para ello necesita mantener la credibilidad entre la sociedad, muy proclive a dudar de los medios tradicionales. El presente artículo indaga en la percepción de los profesionales de la comunicación sobre la influencia de estos dos fenómenos —la desinformación y los bulos—, así como de los mecanismos de verificación de contenidos —el fact checking— en el desempeño de la profesión periodística y su evolución futura. El procedimiento elegido para la recolección de datos consistió en 20 entrevistas a periodistas que ejercen la profesión en España, con el objetivo de que nos ofrezcan una visión panorámica de la actuación del periodismo contra la desinformación y las fake news, así como su relación con la audiencia. De los resultados se desprende una actitud positiva y firme de la profesión para luchar contra las noticias falsas, reivindicando su profesionalidad, valorando la verificación de los contenidos y el papel de las fuentes de información de confianza, y una visión crítica en la que se pone el foco en la necesidad de que tanto los medios como las audiencias pongan más esfuerzo e interés en informarse de manera eficiente. Se reconoce igualmente que estamos ante un fenómeno que solo se puede solucionar de forma parcial dada su complejidad.
“Juggling while running”: Emergency remote teaching of translation in times of educational disruption
Authors: Stanojević Mateusz-Milan , Pavlović Nataša
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented educational disruption in university programs worldwide, with translator education being no exception. The sudden and unplanned transition from campus or blended to online instructional environments, termed “emergency remote teaching” or ERT (Hodges, Moore, et al. 2020), imposed a unique strain on students, teachers and institutions. Aiming to reassess the concept of ERT so as to enable a better response in the future, this study investigates the reflections of nine translation teachers from three universities in Croatia on their ERT experience in the March-June semester of 2020. To this end, three semi-structured focus groups were conducted in July 2020. Results show that the teachers had to adapt to the new learning environment and cater to their students’ changed learning and emotional needs, while reorganising their home life and learning new skills. In these circumstances, described by one of the participants as “juggling while running,” the social support given and received by teachers was found to be a crucial factor at play. The experience is shown to have had an impact not only on their ERT, but also on their future practices. Some recommendations are drawn in the conclusion.
La littérature francophone subsaharienne en traduction : propositions pour l’étude de la circulation d’une littérature « semi-centrale »
Authors: Verstraete-Hansen Lisbeth , Lievois Katrien
Published: February 2023

À partir d’une analyse comparée du cheminement traductionnel de huit romans francophones d’Afrique subsaharienne vers trois espaces littéraires dits périphériques de l’Europe du Nord – le Danemark, la Suède et les Pays-Bas –, l’article vise, d’une part, à apporter un ajustement catégoriel aux modèles existants basés sur la langue source pour mieux rendre compte de la circulation internationale des littératures francophones en traduction et, de l’autre, à examiner les dynamiques traductionnelles à partir des langues cibles et ainsi contribuer à élucider le rôle d’intermédiaire joué par les différentes langues et centres littéraires.

Nous proposons d’envisager les littératures francophones non hexagonales comme « semi-centrales » dans l’espace littéraire international : centrales par la langue française et périphériques par leur histoire politique et culturelle, elles connaissent des conditions de circulation qui ne sont identiques ni à celles des écrivains doublement centraux ni à celles des écrivains doublement périphériques.

Nous argumentons ensuite l’intérêt d’une analyse des flux de traduction en termes d’intraduction globale. En envisageant notre problématique par le versant des langues cibles, on voit se dégager une hiérarchie très différente de celle des langues sources, si fréquemment véhiculée. Nous proposons enfin de prendre en compte le phénomène de l’isomorphisme éditorial (Franssen et Kuipers 2013) qui permettra d’expliquer les deux mouvements simultanés constatés dans notre corpus depuis le début du xxie siècle : l’hétérogénéisation nationale et l’homogénéisation internationale.
Translating hierarchy in Hideo Yokoyama’s The Third Deadline
Authors: Sundin Lola , Tobias Shani
Published: February 2023

Crime fiction is a genre that commonly incorporates important sociocultural dimensions. When crime fiction works are translated within the framework of world literature, new audiences are able to expand their knowledge of different cultures and societies, as well as be entertained by the plots and characters. It can thus be a challenge, for translators, to ensure that sociocultural aspects are effectively conveyed. For example, the translation into English of Japanese social and organisational hierarchy depicted in character interactions is particularly complex, given the differing linguistic and cultural backgrounds of readers. This paper explores strategies for translating hierarchy using Hideo Yokoyama’s Dai san no jikō (The Third Deadline) as a case study. We propose a methodology to assist translators in adopting a conscious approach to translating hierarchy, which will provide readers with a more nuanced understanding of how hierarchy functions in Japanese society. We demonstrate that the translation of crime fiction can help readers overcome barriers resulting from linguistic and cultural differences to gain a new understanding of different societies.
Manner-of-speaking in a corpus-based translation study of narrative texts
Authors: Molés-Cases Teresa
Published: February 2023

This contribution examines manner-of-speaking (e.g. murmur, mutter) in a German>Spanish parallel corpus of narrative texts. This research was prompted by the fact that this phenomenon had not yet been paid due attention in the “Thinking-for-Translating” framework, in comparison with the phenomenon of manner-of-motion (e.g. limp, run). The starting point of this paper is thus the widely confirmed fact that, in previous works focusing on the translation of manner-of-motion between languages belonging to different typologies, some alterations regarding manner have been identified (e.g. omission, addition), and that this is mainly due to typological differences between source and target language. More precisely, speakers of satellite-framed languages (including German) often encode manner, while users of verb-framed languages (including Spanish) usually devote more attention to the lexicalization of path, sometimes at the expense of manner. Thus the aim of this paper is twofold: first, to examine translators’ behaviour regarding manner-of-speaking in a satellite-framed language>verb-framed language translation scenario (German>Spanish), specifically focusing on the translation of reporting verbs in a corpus of narrative texts; second, to compare the resulting data with findings from previous comparable studies dealing with the communication and motion frames. In the translation scenario studied here, the results suggest that translator behaviour differs when dealing with these two frames: while manner-of-motion is often omitted in translations into Spanish (from German), manner-of-speaking is usually transferred, or even added.
Sonorités du Graal
Authors: Noacco Cristina
Published: February 2023

Cette étude s’intéresse à la nature, aux effets et aux enjeux narratifs et philosophiques des sons – ou de l’absence de sons – qui, dans les romans du Graal du Moyen Âge, accompagnent les apparitions de cet objet. Dans Le Conte du Graal de Chrétien de Troyes, ce qui fait sens n’est pas le silence du Graal, mais le silence de Perceval. À ce premier épisode, silencieux, que la narration rattache à un péché du personnage, font suite, dans les romans en vers qui aspirent à en achever la narration, ainsi que dans les romans en prose du xiiie siècle, des scènes où la vision du Graal est associée à une topique de bruits et de voix, aux topoï du chant et de la musique, voire à un silence qui n’est plus la conséquence d’une faute, mais le signe de la plénitude, de la grâce et d’une harmonie que « la langue ne peut dire, ni le cœur imaginer ». Du silence fautif de Perceval au silence de la grâce divine, expérience mystique ineffable, un long chemin a amené les protagonistes des scènes du Graal à intérioriser cette épreuve, et à faire résonner dans leur for intérieur la voix de la Présence réelle. Quête de la grâce divine, la quête du Graal conduit le fidèle de l’expérience sensorielle à la béatitude in Deo, à l’union avec le Souffle incréé, Verbe qui dépasse toute intelligence. L’itinéraire vers Dieu est un chemin vers le silence.
« A grant noise » : la performance sonore dans les « Cent nouvelles nouvelles »
Authors: Patera Teodoro
Published: February 2023

Cet article, partant du fait que la dimension sonore de la théâtralité des Cent nouvelles nouvelles n’a pas été suffisamment mise en valeur, observe que l’évocation de certaines sonorités complète et enrichit des motifs et des situations qui sont à la base de la teneur théâtrale de l’ouvrage. Il souligne aussi l’idée que le récit prenant une direction performative comique, les traces sonores du texte sont alors autant de signes d’une dynamique du conflit, d’un univers troublé marqué par la méfiance. Le texte qui trouve sa puissance dans cette esthétique du conflit est moins forgé par la base narrative commune à d’autres récits que par le surplus performatif et sonore. Ainsi l’article conclut-il sur la réflexion que la visibilité et l’audibilité d’un texte-corps ne peuvent s’empêcher d’assumer une charge performative. Si le son ne raconte rien, il ajoute une valeur certaine à la narration.
Le rire sonore de Dassoucy alias Diogène
Authors: Bertrand Dominique
Published: February 2023

Arborant un masque diogénique dans l’autofiction de ses Aventures, Dassoucy procède à une falsification des valeurs sociales qui contamine la topique musicale. Il se réapproprie ainsi la tradition facétieuse des conteurs de la Renaissance et de Rabelais pour en exacerber les virtualités satiriques et blasphématoires. Ces perspectives facétieuses mettent en place un dispositif de lecture fondée sur un jeu de connivence cryptée pour déconstruire la topique de l’harmonia mundi, voire substituer à la symbolique chrétienne des cloches le signe de reconnaissance cynique d’un rire aux résonances obscènes et blasphématoires.
L’univers sonore de Marivaux : chant, voix, cris
Authors: Gallouët Catherine
Published: February 2023

Ce travail propose de mesurer l’univers sonore dans les fictions narratives de Marivaux, tâche d’autant plus délicate que le détail matériel ne semble pas avoir préoccupé outre mesure leur auteur. Il ne s’agit pas de faire une analyse du langage, mais plus précisément de dégager les occurrences des sons de la voix dans les divers textes interrogés selon des champs sémantiques distincts, la voix parlée et son babil, le chant et le cri. L’analyse suggère que les sons de la voix humaine évoquent l’harmonie d’une sociabilité où l’individu peut être, se dire et se construire, alors que le cri, peut-être le rappel d’une vérité intérieure qui reste étrangère et à laquelle on ne peut totalement échapper, l’interrompt. L’article observe alors ainsi comment le désir de communicabilité et l’anxiété de ce qui peut l’interrompre inscrivent dans le récit une tension sous-jacente entre vie et mort, entre appartenance et abandon, entre sociabilité et solitude. À l’encontre d’une lecture des romans de Marivaux qui en relève les contradictions, l’analyse en souligne curieusement l’unité profonde.
Les bruits de la nuit dans la fiction érotique des Lumières, ou les résonances de l’ombre
Authors: Ganofsky Marine
Published: February 2023

La nuit servant de refuge aux liaisons interdites de jour est un topos reconnu. Pourtant, si les ténèbres dissimulent les corps, la littérature libertine du XVIIIe siècle nous rappelle qu’elles les soumettent aussi à une dure loi du silence. Le moindre bruit peut trahir les amants clandestins ; or, la nuit amplifie les résonances. Ce topos libertin de la nuit révélant (plutôt que dissimulant) les secrets érotiques exprime une nouvelle conception du bruit comme manifestation de la vitalité humaine au siècle des Lumières. Il illustre surtout la difficulté de réduire au silence la force vitale du désir. La nuit émerge de ce topos comme bien moins silencieuse que bruyante, et les plaisirs comme bien peu libres au temps des libertins.
La harpe éolienne mise en scène dans la poésie et le roman européens
Authors: Montandon Alain
Published: February 2023

La harpe éolienne, construite à partir du 17e siècle, est caractérisée par la singularité de ses sons qui déterminent ses emplois narratifs et poétiques. Devenue un topos important de la sentimentalité, du souvenir, de la mélancolie et de la mort, elle devient moyen de séduction chez Smollett, tonalité fondamentale de la nature pour le romantisme allemand, image de l’inspiration poétique pour un Coleridge.
Les bruits du monde chez Diderot
Authors: Gaillard Aurélia
Published: February 2023

Si la critique a déjà bien mis au jour la place essentielle qu’occupent le sonore et la musique chez Diderot, notamment au travers de la grande métaphore de l’homme-clavecin, la présente étude se veut plus restreinte, plus suggestive qu’exhaustive, et vise à analyser quelques « bruits du monde », par opposition mais aussi contiguïté avec ceux du corps humain ou des sons musicaux. L’étude comprend alors deux moments : un relevé analytique de quelques topoï pris pour l’essentiel dans les fictions narratives (Jacques le fataliste, Le Neveu de Rameau, La Religieuse, Les Bijoux indiscrets, la « Promenade Vernet » du Salon de 1767) puis, quelques éléments d’une théorie sonore chez Diderot qui convoque cette fois-ci plutôt l’œuvre philosophique et esthétique de l’auteur. Dans un premier temps sont alors mis en évidence les « bruits pittoresques » qui constituent une sorte de fond sonore des narrations diderotiennes : sonneries de cloches, coups de fusil et de tonnerre, pas des chevaux, mugissement des eaux, claquement de portes. La seconde partie se concentre sur la place du sonore dans un système complexe d’expression sensorielle synesthésique.
Capturing Interiority
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Paramita , Yatmo Yandi Andri
Published: February 2023

The idea of interiority is manifested in various forms, emerging through subjective modes of engaging with space and place, personal experiences, and ways of seeing. Simultaneously, interiority is also manifested in physical entities that act as traces of inhabitation. This issue of Interiority presents a collection of inquiries that attempt to capture the traces of interiority in different everyday contexts using various modes of inquiry and representational media. They demonstrate how the idea of interiority could be captured through everyday images, the presence of objects in space, locality narratives, and spatial arrangements of inhabited space.
Multiple preferred escape trajectories are explained by a geometric model incorporating prey’s turn and predator attack endpoint
Authors: Kawabata Yuuki , Akada Hideyuki , Shimatani Ken-ichiro , Nishihara Gregory Naoki , Kimura Hibiki , Nishiumi Nozomi , Domenici Paolo
Published: February 2023

The escape trajectory (ET) of prey – measured as the angle relative to the predator’s approach path – plays a major role in avoiding predation. Previous geometric models predict a single ET; however, many species show highly variable ETs with multiple preferred directions. Although such a high ET variability may confer unpredictability to avoid predation, the reasons why animals prefer specific multiple ETs remain unclear. Here, we constructed a novel geometric model that incorporates the time required for prey to turn and the predator’s position at the end of its attack. The optimal ET was determined by maximizing the time difference of arrival at the edge of the safety zone between the prey and predator. By fitting the model to the experimental data of fish Pagrus major, we show that the model can clearly explain the observed multiple preferred ETs. By changing the parameters of the same model within a realistic range, we were able to produce various patterns of ETs empirically observed in other species (e.g., insects and frogs): a single preferred ET and multiple preferred ETs at small (20–50°) and large (150–180°) angles from the predator. Our results open new avenues of investigation for understanding how animals choose their ETs from behavioral and neurosensory perspectives.
Centriolar satellites expedite mother centriole remodeling to promote ciliogenesis
Authors: Hall Emma A , Kumar Dhivya , Prosser Suzanna L , Yeyati Patricia L , Herranz-Pérez Vicente , García-Verdugo Jose Manuel , Rose Lorraine , McKie Lisa , Dodd Daniel O , Tennant Peter A , Megaw Roly , Murphy Laura C , Ferreira Marisa F , Grimes Graeme , Williams Lucy , Quidwai Tooba , Pelletier Laurence , Reiter Jeremy F , Mill Pleasantine
Published: February 2023

Centrosomes are orbited by centriolar satellites, dynamic multiprotein assemblies nucleated by Pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1). To study the requirement for centriolar satellites, we generated mice lacking PCM1, a crucial component of satellites. Pcm1−/− mice display partially penetrant perinatal lethality with survivors exhibiting hydrocephalus, oligospermia, and cerebellar hypoplasia, and variably expressive phenotypes such as hydronephrosis. As many of these phenotypes have been observed in human ciliopathies and satellites are implicated in cilia biology, we investigated whether cilia were affected. PCM1 was dispensable for ciliogenesis in many cell types, whereas Pcm1−/− multiciliated ependymal cells and human PCM1−/− retinal pigmented epithelial 1 (RPE1) cells showed reduced ciliogenesis. PCM1−/− RPE1 cells displayed reduced docking of the mother centriole to the ciliary vesicle and removal of CP110 and CEP97 from the distal mother centriole, indicating compromised early ciliogenesis. Similarly, Pcm1−/− ependymal cells exhibited reduced removal of CP110 from basal bodies in vivo. We propose that PCM1 and centriolar satellites facilitate efficient trafficking of proteins to and from centrioles, including the departure of CP110 and CEP97 to initiate ciliogenesis, and that the threshold to trigger ciliogenesis differs between cell types.
Structural insights into actin isoforms
Authors: Arora Amandeep S , Huang Hsiang-Ling , Singh Ramanpreet , Narui Yoshie , Suchenko Andrejus , Hatano Tomoyuki , Heissler Sarah M , Balasubramanian Mohan K , Chinthalapudi Krishna
Published: February 2023

Actin isoforms organize into distinct networks that are essential for the normal function of eukaryotic cells. Despite a high level of sequence and structure conservation, subtle differences in their design principles determine the interaction with myosin motors and actin-binding proteins. Therefore, identifying how the structure of actin isoforms relates to function is important for our understanding of normal cytoskeletal physiology. Here, we report the high-resolution structures of filamentous skeletal muscle α-actin (3.37 Å), cardiac muscle α-actin (3.07 Å), ß-actin (2.99 Å), and γ-actin (3.38 Å) in the Mg2+·ADP state with their native post-translational modifications. The structures revealed isoform-specific conformations of the N-terminus that shift closer to the filament surface upon myosin binding, thereby establishing isoform-specific interfaces. Collectively, the structures of single-isotype, post-translationally modified bare skeletal muscle α-actin, cardiac muscle α-actin, ß-actin, and γ-actin reveal general principles, similarities, and differences between isoforms. They complement the repertoire of known actin structures and allow for a comprehensive understanding of in vitro and in vivo functions of actin isoforms.
Metabolic turnover rate, digestive enzyme activities, and bacterial communities in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under compensatory growth
Authors: Quintino-Rivera Jorge Giovanni , Elizondo-González Regina , Gamboa-Delgado Julián , Guzmán-Villanueva Laura Teresa , Peña-Rodriguez Alberto
Published: February 2023

The present work aimed to evaluate the effects promoted by a phase of compensatory growth on metabolic turnover rate, digestive enzyme activity, and bacterial biota of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei kept under different feeding regimes. Three treatments were evaluated as follows: 70% feed restriction during 3 (T3) and 6 (T6) days, followed by a period of feeding to satiety, and a control treatment without restriction periods. The results showed a full compensatory growth in treatments T3 and T6 by day 35 of the bioassay. A significant increase in trypsin and lipase (T6) activities was observed during compensatory growth, whereas specific amylase activity was significantly lower in treatment T6 compared to T3 but not significantly different from the control group. To determine the metabolic turnover rate of nitrogen in muscle tissue, an analysis of nitrogen isotope values (δ15N) at natural abundance levels was performed. At the end of the experimental period, shrimp under feed restriction had lower metabolic turnover rates and longer nitrogen residence times (t50) in muscle tissue, as compared to individuals in the control treatment. Regarding the changes in the bacterial communities in shrimp gut, no significant differences were observed at the phylum level, with Proteobacteria being the most abundant bacteria, followed by Actinobacteria. At family taxa level, Rhodobacteraceae presented the highest relative abundance in all treatments, whereas a decrease in Vibrionaceae was observed in treatments T3 and T6 when compared to control shrimps during compensatory growth. At the genus level, a decrease in Celeribacter, Catenococcus, and Epibacterium, and an increase in Ruegeria and Shimia, were identified in shrimp subjected to feed restriction when compared to control organisms during compensatory growth (day 14). At the end of the experimental period, the evaluated parameters showed similar results as those observed in the control treatment, suggesting a normalization of the metabolism and the physiological state. The present findings contribute to a better understanding on the physiological effects produced during compensatory growth in shrimp, which in turn could assist in the development of improved feeding strategies in benefit of the aquaculture industry.
New specimens of the early Permian apex predator Varanops brevirostris at Richards Spur, Oklahoma, with histological information about its growth pattern
Authors: Maho Tea , Bevitt Joseph J. , Reisz Robert R.
Published: February 2023

An articulated pelvic region and additional isolated material of Varanops brevirostris, which are indistinguishable from those of the generotype from the Cacops bonebed, demonstrate the presence of this large varanopid at the Richards Spur locality. The articulated specimen includes lumbar, sacral, and anterior caudal vertebrae, partial pelvis, femur, and proximal part of tibia, confirming the autapomorphies previously suggested for this species. These include the presence of distinct blade-like shapes of the neural spines in the sacral region, the presence of deeply excavated pubis, and the presence of a distinct transverse ridge on the ventral surface of the femur distal to the intertrochanteric fossa. It has also been found that the transverse ridges and grooves become larger during ontogeny since the juvenile specimen did not exhibit a well-developed ridge. Histological analysis of isolated limb bones and neutron computed tomography (nCT) of the articulated specimen indicate that the latter likely belonged to an adult individual. This is in contrast to the other varanopid at Richards Spur, the significantly smaller, more gracile predator Mesenosaurus efremovi, which also shows the presence of growth lines and the external fundamental system with an estimated minimum age of fourteen.
Modelling nitrogen management in hybrid rice for coastal ecosystem of West Bengal, India
Authors: Sarkar Sukamal , Ray Krishnendu , Garai Sourav , Banerjee Hirak , Haldar Krisanu , Nayak Jagamohan
Published: February 2023

Hybrid rice requires adequate nitrogen (N) management in order to achieve good yields from its vegetative and reproductive development. With this backdrop, a field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station (Coastal Saline Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kakdwip, West Bengal (India) to record growth and yield performance of hybrid rice (cv. PAN 2423) under varied N-fertilizer doses. A modelling approach was adopted for the first time in hybrid rice production system under coastal ecosystem of West Bengal (India). In the present study, the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model was calibrated and validated for simulating a hybrid rice production system with different N rates. The APSIM based crop simulation model was found to capture the physiological changes of hybrid rice under varied N rates effectively. While studying the relationship between simulated and observed yield data, we observed that the equations developed by APSIM were significant with higher R2 values (≥0.812). However, APSIM caused an over-estimation for calibrate data but it was rectified for validated data. The RMSE of models for all the cases was less than respective SD values and the normalized RMSE values were ≤20%. Hence, it was proved to be a good rationalized modelling and the performance of APSIM was robust. On the contrary, APSIM underestimated the calibrated amount of N (kg ha−1) in storage organ of hybrid rice, which was later rectified in case of validated data. A strong correlation existed between the observed and APSIM-simulated amounts of N in storage organ of hybrid rice (R2 = 0.94** and 0.96** for the calibration and validation data sets, respectively), which indicates the robustness of the APSIM simulation study. Scenario analysis also suggests that the optimal N rate will increase from 160 to 200 kg N ha−1 for the greatest hybrid rice production in coming years under elevated CO2 levels in the atmosphere. The APSIM-Oryza crop model had successfully predicted the variation in aboveground biomass and grain yield of hybrid rice under different climatic conditions.
As vivências urbanas da mulher negra com o seu cabelo: indícios de dificuldades para o cumprimento dos ODS da agenda 2030 brasileira?
Authors: Moreira Vanessa Suellen Arcoverde , Da Silva Iris Fideliz , Da Silva Alexandre Magno Bezerra , Queiroz Pedro Felipe de Sá , Silva Bianca Gabriely Ferreira , Silva Marcone José , Costa Flávia Zimmerle da Nóbrega
Published: February 2023

A vida urbana, por sua relevância para a sustentabilidade do planeta, é alvo dos ambiciosos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) da Organizações das Nações Unidas (ONU), participando também da Agenda 2030 brasileira. Nesse trabalho, propomos refletir acerca desse intento, uma vez que vivenciamos um cenário de racismo estrutural e sistêmico. Olhamos para a mulher negra, pois sua condição envolve três variáveis que agem em interseção definindo sua existência: o gênero, a raça e a classe social; nos ocupamos de uma prática: a vivência capilar nos espaços cotidianos, por sua importância para a constituição identitária. Nos questionamos: Como as vivências urbanas da mulher negra com o seu cabelo sinalizam dificuldades para o cumprimento dos ODS da Agenda 2030 brasileira? Apoiados na pesquisa qualitativa, nosso corpus formado por 60 documentos coletados em redes sociais e por entrevistas em grupo focal com 4 mulheres negras. Baseados em uma análise de discurso, procedemos as três principais etapas da análise qualitativa: a) o agrupamento em categorias; b) análise das funções dos atos de fala; c) a triangulação e chegada às linhas de significação. Nossos resultados indicaram que os espaços urbanos evidenciam uma face ameaçadora e que espaços compartilhados se prestam para a construção da representatividade. Concluímos que para reduzir a desigualdade, empoderando e promovendo a inclusão social, econômica e política de todos, políticas públicas devem se ocupar, especificamente, do racismo.
Aplicação da teoria do comportamento planejado nos estudos de marketing social: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Pinheiro Romel , Reinert Franciane , De Souza Maria José Barbosa
Published: February 2023

Esse estudo examinou como a teoria do comportamento planejado (TCP) tem sido aplicada nos estudos de marketing social. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura de artigos que aplicam a TCP em estudos de marketing social. A definição precisa do comportamento; o princípio de compatibilidade; e o uso dos construtos da TCP para prever intenção foram usados como requisitos para o uso adequado dessa teoria. Os resultados sugerem que os pesquisadores prestam pouca atenção ao cumprimento desses requisitos nos estudos de marketing social e isso pode reduzir a validade preditiva e o acumulo de conhecimento sobre determinados comportamentos.
Selective Unilateral Inner Hair Cell Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Jain Mehulla , Yasmin Shana , Prakash Sumanth Chakkere , Jain Chandni
Published: February 2023

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is known to be associated with lesions at various sites, including outer hair cell (OHC) and inner hair cell (IHC) injury, as well as auditory dyssynchrony or vestibulocochlear nerve tumors. Therefore, it is important to establish the differential diagnosis of SNHL, which however is particularly challenging in patients with unilateral SNHL. The test battery approach is effective for accurate diagnosis in such cases. In this report, we discuss the usefulness of the test battery approach to accurately detect the site of the lesion in a patient with unilateral hearing loss. A 14-year-9-month-old adolescent who observed decreased hearing sensitivity in the left ear accompanied by difficulty with understanding speech at a distance was diagnosed with unilateral hearing loss in the left ear. In this report, we describe a rare and diagnostically challenging case of unilateral SNHL in a patient with normal OHC function and selective injury to IHCs, which was diagnosed using a test battery approach.
The Missing Vitamin in Humans! The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Mental Health in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hernandez Jennings
Published: February 2023

Vitamin D has been reported in the scientific press as a crucial factor that has significant health benefits in the prevention and treatment of countless chronic illnesses, including mental health.

Psychiatric illnesses are in their own right a complex constellation of factors that shape an individual’s mental health. Vitamin D is critical not only for bone health but also for suitable brain development and functioning. Most individuals worldwide have insufficient levels of vitamin D. Not only are adults affected, but adolescents are also predisposed to this deficiency. This is also true for individuals with mental health disorders. Low levels of vitamin D are directly correlated with depression, schizophrenia, seasonal affective disorder, and cognitive dysfunction. Adolescents were studied to investigate the relationship between low levels of vitamin D concentrations and mental health conditions, including psychosis, and to report on the current knowledge about the assessment and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in relation to mental health.
Green Hydrogen as a Potential Solution for Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Review
Authors: Mohamed Elshafei Ali , Mansour Rawia
Published: February 2023

Hydrogen is one of the types of energy discovered in recent decades, which is based on the electrolysis of water in order to separate hydrogen from oxygen. These include grey hydrogen, black hydrogen, blue hydrogen, yellow hydrogen, turquoise hydrogen, and green hydrogen. Generally, hydrogen can be extracted from a variety of sources, including fossil fuels and biomass, water, or a combination of the two.  Green hydrogen has the potential to be a critical enabler of the global transition to sustainable energy and zero-emissions economies. Worldwide, there is unprecedented momentum to realize hydrogen's long-standing potential as a clean energy solution. Green hydrogen is a carbon-free fuel and the source of its production is water, and the production processes witness the separation of its molecules from its oxygen counterpart in the water by electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. Green hydrogen is one of the most important sources of clean energy, which may be why it is called green hydrogen. It is a clean source of energy, and its generation is based on renewable energy sources, so no carbon gases are released during its production. Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis becomes a promising and tangible solution for the storage of excess energy for power generation and grid balancing, as well as the production of decarbonized fuel for transportation, heating, and other applications, as we shift away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energies. Green hydrogen is being produced in countries all over the world because it is one of the solutions to reducing carbon emissions, and it is clean, environmentally friendly energy that is derived from clean renewable energy. However, due to the combination of renewable generation and low-carbon fuels, projects for the production of green hydrogen are very expensive. The goal of this review is to highlight the various types of hydrogen, with a focus on the more practical green hydrogen.
Questions Remain About What SARS-CoV-2 Variants Should Go Into the Annual COVID-19 Vaccines Proposed by the FDA
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: February 2023

This Medical News story examines the US Food and Drug Administration’s proposed plans for an annual COVID-19 vaccination.
Long COVID Linked With Unemployment in New Analysis
Authors: Suran Melissa
Published: February 2023

This Medical News article discusses new research on the association between long COVID and employment status.
Performance of a Prediction Model of Suicide Attempts Across Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Papini Santiago , Hsin Honor , Kipnis Patricia , Liu Vincent X. , Lu Yun , Sterling Stacy A. , Iturralde Esti
Published: February 2023

This study examines whether race disparities exist in the prediction of suicide attempts and if have they have detrimental effects on individuals and health care systems
Contemporary Outcomes of Elective Parastomal Hernia Repair in Older Adults
Authors: Howard Ryan , Rob Farizah , Thumma Jyothi , Ehlers Anne , O’Neill Sean , Dimick Justin B. , Telem Dana A.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Parastomal hernia is a challenging complication following ostomy creation; however, the incidence and long-term outcomes after elective parastomal hernia repair are poorly characterized.

Objective

To describe the incidence and long-term outcomes after elective parastomal hernia repair.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Using 100% Medicare claims, a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent elective parastomal hernia repair between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, was performed. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate mortality, complications, readmission, and reoperation after surgery. Analysis took place between February and May 2022.

Exposures

Parastomal hernia repair without ostomy resiting, parastomal hernia repair with ostomy resiting, and parastomal hernia repair with ostomy reversal.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Mortality, complications, and readmission within 30 days of surgery and reoperation for recurrence (parastomal or incisional hernia repair) up to 5 years after surgery.

Results

A total of 17 625 patients underwent elective parastomal hernia repair (mean [SD] age, 73.3 [9.1] years; 10 059 female individuals [57.1%]). Overall, 7315 patients (41.5%) underwent parastomal hernia repair without ostomy resiting, 2744 (15.6%) underwent parastomal hernia repair with ostomy resiting, and 7566 (42.9%) underwent parastomal hernia repair with ostomy reversal. In the 30 days after surgery, 676 patients (3.8%) died, 7088 (40.2%) had a complication, and 1740 (9.9%) were readmitted. The overall adjusted 5-year cumulative incidence of reoperation was 21.1% and was highest for patients who underwent parastomal hernia repair with ostomy resiting (25.3% [95% CI, 25.2%-25.4%]) compared with patients who underwent parastomal hernia repair with ostomy reversal (18.8% [95% CI, 18.7%-18.8%]). Among patients whose ostomy was not reversed, the hazard of repeat parastomal hernia repair was the same for patients whose ostomy was resited vs those whose ostomy was not resited (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.81-1.06]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, more than 1 in 5 patients underwent another parastomal or incisional hernia repair within 5 years of surgery. Although this was lowest for patients who underwent ostomy reversal at their index operation, ostomy resiting was not superior to local repair. Understanding the long-term outcomes of this common elective operation may help inform decision-making between patients and surgeons regarding appropriate operative approach and timing of surgery.