bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microsurgery-aided in-situ force probing reveals extensibility and viscoelastic properties of individual stress fibers
Authors: Labouesse Céline , Gabella Chiara , Meister Jean-Jacques , Vianay Benoît , Verkhovsky Alexander B.
Published: March 2016

Actin-myosin filament bundles (stress fibers) are critical for tension generation and cell shape, but their mechanical properties are difficult to access. Here we propose a novel approach to probe individual peripheral stress fibers in living cells through a microsurgically generated opening in the cytoplasm. By applying large deformations with a soft cantilever we were able to fully characterize the mechanical response of the fibers and evaluate their tension, extensibility, elastic and viscous properties.
miR-93 functions as an oncomiR for the downregulation of PDCD4 in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Liang Hongwei , Wang Feng , Chu Danping , Zhang Weijie , Liao Zhicong , Fu Zheng , Yan Xin , Zhu Hao , Guo Wen , Zhang Yujing , Guan Wenxian , Chen Xi
Published: March 2016

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), as a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently reduced in a variety of tumors, including gastric cancer. Previous findings have indicated that PDCD4 participates in tumorigenesis through the regulation of apoptosis, but the molecular basis of this process has not been fully elucidated and no studies have shown the upstream regulation of this gene in gastric cancer. In this study, we used bioinformatics analysis to search for miRNAs that could potentially target PDCD4 and identified miR-93 as a candidate. Moreover, we observed the inverse correlation between miR-93 and PDCD4 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, in human gastric cancer tissues. We further experimentally validated PDCD4 as the direct target of miR-93 by evaluating PDCD4 expression in gastric cancer cells after the overexpression or knockdown of miR-93. Additionally, the biological consequences of targeting PDCD4 through miR-93 were examined using cell apoptosis assays in vitro. We demonstrated that the repression of PDCD4 through miR-93 suppressed the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Finally, we revealed that miR-93 promoted the development of gastric tumor growth in xenograft mice by negatively regulating PDCD4. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicated the oncogenic role of miR-93 in gastric cancer tumorigenesis through targeting PDCD4, particularly in apoptosis.
Whole-exome sequencing in obsessive-compulsive disorder identifies rare mutations in immunological and neurodevelopmental pathways
Authors: Cappi C , Brentani H , Lima L , Sanders S J , Zai G , Diniz B J , Reis V N S , Hounie A G , Conceição do Rosário M , Mariani D , Requena G L , Puga R , Souza-Duran F L , Shavitt R G , Pauls D L , Miguel E C , Fernandez T V
Published: March 2016

Studies of rare genetic variation have identified molecular pathways conferring risk for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. To date, no published whole-exome sequencing studies have been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We sequenced all the genome coding regions in 20 sporadic OCD cases and their unaffected parents to identify rare de novo (DN) single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). The primary aim of this pilot study was to determine whether DN variation contributes to OCD risk. To this aim, we evaluated whether there is an elevated rate of DN mutations in OCD, which would justify this approach toward gene discovery in larger studies of the disorder. Furthermore, to explore functional molecular correlations among genes with nonsynonymous DN SNVs in OCD probands, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was generated based on databases of direct molecular interactions. We applied Degree-Aware Disease Gene Prioritization (DADA) to rank the PPI network genes based on their relatedness to a set of OCD candidate genes from two OCD genome-wide association studies (Stewart et al., 2013; Mattheisen et al., 2014). In addition, we performed a pathway analysis with genes from the PPI network. The rate of DN SNVs in OCD was 2.51 × 10−8 per base per generation, significantly higher than a previous estimated rate in unaffected subjects using the same sequencing platform and analytic pipeline. Several genes harboring DN SNVs in OCD were highly interconnected in the PPI network and ranked high in the DADA analysis. Nearly all the DN SNVs in this study are in genes expressed in the human brain, and a pathway analysis revealed enrichment in immunological and central nervous system functioning and development. The results of this pilot study indicate that further investigation of DN variation in larger OCD cohorts is warranted to identify specific risk genes and to confirm our preliminary finding with regard to PPI network enrichment for particular biological pathways and functions.
The effects of chondroitin sulfate and serum albumin on the fibrillation of human islet amyloid polypeptide at phospholipid membranes
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Li , Lu Tong , Wei Ying , Li Fei
Published: March 2016

Serum albumin loses the activity as an inhibitor of hIAPP fibrillation due to the binding with anionic membrane.
Theoretical predictions of structures in dispersions containing charged colloidal particles and non-adsorbing polymers
Authors: Xie Fei , Turesson Martin , Woodward Clifford E. , van Gruijthuijsen Kitty , Stradner Anna , Forsman Jan
Published: March 2016

We develop a theoretical model to describe structural effects on a specific system of charged colloidal polystyrene particles, upon the addition of non-adsorbing PEG polymers.
A simulation-guided fluorescence correlation spectroscopy tool to investigate the protonation dynamics of cytochrome c oxidase
Authors: Wolf A. , Schneider C. , Kim T.-Y. , Kirchberg K. , Volz P. , Alexiev U.
Published: March 2016

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a single molecule based technique to temporally resolve rate-dependent processes by correlating the fluorescence fluctuations of individual molecules traversing through a confocal volume.
The nature of the selective species in Fe-HZSM-5 for non-oxidative methane dehydroaromatization
Authors: Lai Yungchieh , Veser Götz
Published: March 2016

Atomically dispersed Fe+2 in the micropore network of HZSM-5 is identified as the selective species for methane dehydroaromatiozation (DHA) to benzene.
Digital microfluidics for spheroid-based invasion assays
Authors: Bender Brian F. , Aijian Andrew. P. , Garrell Robin. L.
Published: March 2016

A digital microfluidic platform that enables the formation, gel encapsulation, and assaying of three-dimensional multicellular spheroids is described. Such a platform can facilitate automation of cell invasion assays for cell biology research and drug discovery.
Synthesis and properties of MFI zeolites with microporous, mesoporous and macroporous hierarchical structures by a gel-casting technique
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Runwei , Xu Diou , Sun Chuanyin , Ni Ling , Fu Weiwei , Zeng Shangjing , Jiang Shang , Zhang Zongtao , Qiu Shilun
Published: March 2016

3D hierarchical porous ZSM-5 zeolite as a catalytic material for the cracking of n-hexadecane is reported.
Epoxy resin reinforced with nanothin polydopamine-coated carbon nanotubes: a study of the interfacial polymer layer thickness
Authors: Ling Yang , Li Weizhen , Wang Baoyu , Gan Wenjun , Zhu Chenhui , Brady Michael A. , Wang Cheng
Published: March 2016

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalized by a nanothin poly(dopamine) (PDA) layer were produced by a one-pot, nondestructive approach, with direct polymerization of dopamine on the CNT surface.
Supported polymer magnets with high catalytic performance in the green reduction of nitroaromatic compounds
Authors: Safari J. , Gandomi-Ravandi S. , Haghighi Z.
Published: March 2016

We exhibit the synthesis of magnetic core–shell nanocomposites as solid phase catalysts in the reduction of nitroaromatics.
Symmetry of octa-coordination environment has a substantial influence on dinuclear TbIII triple-decker single-molecule magnets
Authors: Katoh Keiichi , Breedlove Brian K. , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: March 2016

This work shows that the SMM properties can be fine-tuned by introducing different octa-coordination geometries while maintaining the same TbIII–TbIII distances.
Characterizing anomalous diffusion in crowded polymer solutions and gels over five decades in time with variable-lengthscale fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Banks Daniel S. , Tressler Charmaine , Peters Robert D. , Höfling Felix , Fradin Cécile
Published: March 2016

FCS with a wide range of beam waists was used to measure tracer diffusion in crowded media over five decades in time, thus providing a strong test for different models of anomalous diffusion.
Highly active water oxidation on nanostructured biomimetic calcium manganese oxide catalysts
Authors: Rong Feng , Zhao Jiao , Chen Zheng , Xu Yuxing , Zhao Yaopeng , Yang Qihua , Li Can
Published: March 2016

Nanostructured biomimetic birnessite CaxMnOy oxides with an intermediate Mn oxidation state and proper structural distortion show improved catalytic activity for the WOR.
Graphene oxide induced chemiluminescence used for quenchometric determination of dobutamine hydrochloride
Authors: Iranifam Mortaza , Babakalak Paria Razavi , Imani-Nabiyyi Amin , Abolghasemi Mir Mahdi , Khataee Alireza
Published: March 2016

In the present study, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly method was proposed for the determination of dobutamine hydrochloride (Dbn.HCl).
Remote control over folding by light
Authors: Yu Zhilin , Hecht Stefan
Published: March 2016

Integrating photoswitchable unit into helical macromolecules allows their conformations to be externally controlled by light and therefore provides a versatile strategy to design photoresponsive materials.
Ion collision cross section analyses in quadrupole ion traps using the filter diagonalization method: a theoretical study
Authors: Jiang Ting , He Miyi , Guo Dan , Zhai Yanbing , Xu Wei
Published: March 2016

Theoretical results show that an up to 200 resolving power could be achieved for ion collision cross section measurements in quadrupole ion traps.
Prevention of thermal- and moisture-induced degradation of the photoluminescence properties of the Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+red phosphor by thermal post-treatment in N2–H2
Authors: Zhang Chenning , Uchikoshi Tetsuo , Xie Rong-Jun , Liu Lihong , Cho Yujin , Sakka Yoshio , Hirosaki Naoto , Sekiguchi Takashi
Published: March 2016

A surface passivation layer is formed around a phosphor particle, resulting in the effective reduction of thermal- and moisture-induced degradation of photoluminescence.
The electronic transport properties of zigzag silicene nanoribbon slices with edge hydrogenation and oxidation
Authors: Zou Dongqing , Zhao Wenkai , Fang Changfeng , Cui Bin , Liu Desheng
Published: March 2016

First principles calculations were carried out to investigate the electronic transport properties of H or H2 edge-hydrogenated zigzag silicene nanoribbon (ZSiNR) slices, as well as OH or O edge-oxidized ZSiNR slices connected with H-terminated ZSiNR electrodes.
Chiral chemistry of metal–camphorate frameworks
Authors: Gu Zhi-Gang , Zhan Caihong , Zhang Jian , Bu Xianhui
Published: March 2016

The various synthetic approaches and chiral chemistry of metal–camphorate frameworks (MCamFs) are presented.
New insights into the selectivity of four 1,10-phenanthroline-derived ligands toward the separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides: a DFT based comparison study
Authors: Wu Han , Wu Qun-Yan , Wang Cong-Zhi , Lan Jian-Hui , Liu Zhi-Rong , Chai Zhi-Fang , Shi Wei-Qun
Published: March 2016

To understand the correlation between the chemical structures of N-ligands and Ln/An separation capability, we selected four phenanthroline-derived ligands as examples to probe why some ligands work whereas others fail.
Maximized performance of dye solar cells on plastic: a combined theoretical and experimental optimization approach
Authors: Li Yuelong , Carretero-Palacios Sol , Yoo Kicheon , Kim Jong Hak , Jiménez-Solano Alberto , Lee Chul-Ho , Míguez Hernán , Ko Min Jae
Published: March 2016

Maximizing the performance of dye solar cells on plastic using a combined theoretical and experimental optimization approach.
Effect of SO2and steam on CO2capture performance of biomass-templated calcium aluminate pellets
Authors: Erans María , Beisheim Theodor , Manovic Vasilije , Jeremias Michal , Patchigolla Kumar , Dieter Heiko , Duan Lunbo , Anthony Edward J.
Published: March 2016

Four types of synthetic sorbents were developed for high-temperature post-combustion calcium looping CO2capture using Longcal limestone. Pellets were prepared with: lime and cement (LC); lime and flour (LF); lime, cement and flour (LCF); and lime, cement and flour doped with seawater (LCFSW). Flour was used as a templating material. All samples underwent 20 cycles in a TGA under two different calcination conditions. Moreover, the prepared sorbents were tested for 10 carbonation/calcination cycles in a 68 mm-internal-diameter bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) in three environments: with no sulphur and no steam; in the presence of sulphur; and with steam. When compared to limestone, all the synthetic sorbents exhibited enhanced CO2capture performance in the BFB experiments, with the exception of the sample doped with seawater. In the BFB tests, the addition of cement binder during the pelletisation process resulted in the increase of CO2capture capacity from 0.08 g CO2per g sorbent (LF) to 0.15 g CO2per g sorbent (LCF) by the 10thcycle. The CO2uptake in the presence of SO2dramatically declined by the 10thcycle; for example, from 0.22 g CO2per g sorbent to 0.05 g CO2per g sorbent in the case of the untemplated material (LC). However, as expected all samples showed improved performance in the presence of steam, and the decay of reactivity during the cycles was less pronounced. Nevertheless, in the BFB environment, the templated pellets showed poorer CO2capture performance. This is presumably because of material loss due to attrition under the FB conditions. By contrast, the templated materials performed better than untemplated materials under TGA conditions. This indicates that the reduction of attrition is critical when employing templated materials in realistic systems with FB reactors.
Insight into virus encapsulation mechanism through in silico interaction study between coat protein and RNA operator loops of Sesbania mosaic virus
Authors: Meena Chetan Kumar , Borkotoky Subhomoi , Murali Ayaluru
Published: March 2016

Viruses are parasite by nature and they are responsible for many diseases. Inhibitor development is very difficult for viruses due to their rapid mutative nature.
Controlled TfOH- or AuCl-catalyzed cycloisomerization and tandem hydrolytic defluorination of 1,2-allenyl perfluoroalkyl ketones
Authors: Xue Can , Huang Xin , Wu Shangze , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: March 2016

An efficient TfOH- or AuCl-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction of easily availablen-perfluoroalkyl 1,2-allenyl ketones occurring smoothly to form 2-perfluoroalkyl furans or 2-furyl perfluoroalkyl ketones has been reported.
Cytotoxic effects of upconversion nanoparticles in primary hippocampal cultures
Authors: Vedunova Maria V. , Mishchenko Tatiana A. , Mitroshina Elena V. , Ponomareva Natalia V. , Yudintsev Andrei V. , Generalova Alla N. , Deyev Sergey M. , Mukhina Irina V. , Semyanov Alexey V. , Zvyagin Andrei V.
Published: March 2016

The research demonstrated that upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are toxic to nervous cells. The cytotoxic severity depends on surface modification of UCNPs.
Enhanced photovoltage in DSSCs: synergistic combination of a silver modified TiO2 photoanode and a low cost counter electrode
Authors: Sardar Samim , Ghosh Srabanti , Remita Hynd , Kar Prasenjit , Liu Bo , Bhattacharya Chinmoy , Lemmens Peter , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: March 2016

Enhanced photovoltage in the presence of silver modified TiO2 nanocomposites as a photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Two new energetic coordination compounds based on tetrazole-1-acetic acid: syntheses, crystal structures and their synergistic catalytic effect for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Kang Li , Wei Zhixian , Song Jiangfeng , Qu Yuanyuan , Wang Yale
Published: March 2016

The DSC curves of the AP thermal decomposition in the absence and presence of compounds 1, 2 or their mixtures.
Disulfide bonds-containing amphiphilic conetworks with tunable reductive-cleavage
Authors: Zhang Shan , Chen Heng , Kong Jie
Published: March 2016

The disulfide bonds-containing amphiphilic conetworks were presented with tunable reduction-cleavage via click reaction of azide terminated poly(ε-caprolactone) and alkyne-terminated polyethylene glycol.
Cellulose/boron nitride core–shell microbeads providing high thermal conductivity for thermally conductive composite sheets
Authors: Nagaoka Shoji , Jodai Takuma , Kameyama Yoshihiro , Horikawa Maki , Shirosaki Tomohiro , Ryu Naoya , Takafuji Makoto , Sakurai Hideo , Ihara Hirotaka
Published: March 2016

Formation of a thermal conductive network in resin sheet hybridized cellulose/BN core–shell microbeads.
tert-Butyl nitrite mediated azo coupling between anilines and imidazoheterocycles
Authors: Chakraborty Amrita , Jana Sourav , Kibriya Golam , Dey Amrita , Hajra Alakananda
Published: March 2016

A tBuONO mediated practical and efficient method for the synthesis of azo imidazoheterocycles with broad functionalities has been achieved by the reaction between imidazoheterocycles and anilines at room temperature in goods yields.
Lamellar supramolecular materials based on a chelated metal complex for organic dye adsorption
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Yan Yun , Wang Jide , Huang Jianbin
Published: March 2016

The industrial poisonous waste chelated copper complex can be made into recyclable lamellar supramolecular materials which display excellent adsorption ability towards organic dyes.
Conductive and SERS-active colloidal gold films spontaneously formed at a liquid/liquid interface
Authors: Yin Xiuxiu , Peretz Yossef , Oppenheimer Pola G. , Zeiri Leila , Masarwa Alexandra , Froumin Natalya , Jelinek Raz
Published: March 2016

Colloidal Au film forms at a water/pentane interface through spontaneous crystallization/reduction of water-soluble gold complex.
Complexes of carbon dioxide with dihalogenated ethylenes: structure, stability and interaction
Authors: Trung Nguyen Tien , Thu Trang Nguyen Thi , Ngan Vu Thi , Quang Duong Tuan , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: March 2016

Interactions of ethylene and its 1,2-dihalogenated derivatives with CO2 induce twenty four molecular complexes with stabilization energies in the range of 1.1 to 7.5 kJ mol−1 as computed at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory.
Dynamic polyrotaxane-coated surface for effective differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes
Authors: Seo Ji-Hun , Hirata Mitsuhi , Kakinoki Sachiro , Yamaoka Tetsuji , Yui Nobuhiko
Published: March 2016

Increasing molecular mobility of hydrated polyrotaxane (PRX)-coated surfaces was effective to promote the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) into cardiomyocytes.
Two-photon FRET pairs based on coumarin and DBD dyes
Authors: Wessig P. , Behrends N. , Kumke M. U. , Eisold U. , Meiling T. , Hille C.
Published: March 2016

Synthesis and photophysical properties of coumarin–DBD FRET pairs, which are also suitable for two-photon excitation and fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy.
Composite nanofiltration membranes via the co-deposition and cross-linking of catechol/polyethylenimine
Authors: Qiu Wen-Ze , Lv Yan , Du Yong , Yang Hao-Cheng , Xu Zhi-Kang
Published: March 2016

Composite NF membranes are fabricated based on the co-deposition of CCh/PEI. The optimized membranes possess high rejection of multivalent ions with acceptable flux and show excellent operational stability over long-term filtration process.
Promoting visible light-driven hydrogen evolution over CdS nanorods using earth-abundant CoP as a cocatalyst
Authors: Zhao Dan , Sun Bing , Li Xiangqing , Qin Lixia , Kang Shizhao , Wang Dong
Published: March 2016

Exploiting earth-abundant cocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is of great interest.
Correction: A novel approach for detection and quantification of magnetic nanomarkers using a spin valve GMR-integrated microfluidic sensor
Authors: Devkota J. , Kokkinis G. , Berris T. , Jamalieh M. , Cardoso S. , Cardoso F. , Srikanth H. , Phan M. H. , Giouroudi I.
Published: March 2016

Correction for ‘A novel approach for detection and quantification of magnetic nanomarkers using a spin valve GMR-integrated microfluidic sensor’ by J. Devkota et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 51169–51175.
Sedimentation equilibria in polydisperse ferrofluids: critical comparisons between experiment, theory, and computer simulation
Authors: Elfimova Ekaterina A. , Ivanov Alexey O. , Lakhtina Ekaterina V. , Pshenichnikov Alexander F. , Camp Philip J.
Published: March 2016

An accurate theory of sedimentation in polydisperse ferrofluids is developed and tested against experimental and simulation results.
Post-annealing to recover the reduced open-circuit voltage caused by solvent annealing in organic solar cells
Authors: Xie Yuanpeng , Zhou Weihua , Yin Jingping , Hu Xiaotian , Zhang Lin , Meng Xiangchuan , Ai Qingyun , Chen Yiwang
Published: March 2016

The tremendous loss in open-circuit voltage (Voc) upon solvent annealing in p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM could be recovered by subsequent post-thermal annealing.
UV-absorbing cellulose nanocrystals as functional reinforcing fillers in polymer nanocomposite films
Authors: Sirviö Juho Antti , Visanko Miikka , Heiskanen Juha P. , Liimatainen Henrikki
Published: March 2016

Reinforcing, surface-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with photoactive groups were obtained from wood cellulose fibers using sequential periodate oxidation and a “click-type” reaction between aldehyde groups andp-aminobenzoic acid in an aqueous environment, followed by mechanical disintegration.
Mesoporous soft carbon as an anode material for sodium ion batteries with superior rate and cycling performance
Authors: Cao Bin , Liu Huan , Xu Bin , Lei Yaofei , Chen Xiaohong , Song Huaihe
Published: March 2016

Mesoporous soft carbon with a high reversible capacity of 331 mA h g−1, excellent rate capability and cycling performance was prepared from mesophase pitch using nano-CaCO3 as the template for sodium-ion batteries.
Electrically tunable infrared reflector with adjustable bandwidth broadening up to 1100 nm
Authors: Khandelwal Hitesh , Debije Michael G. , White Timothy J. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J.
Published: March 2016

A tunable infrared reflector has been fabricated using polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals containing a negative dielectric, anisotropic liquid crystal and a long and flexible ethylene glycol twin crosslinker.
Uncoupling JAK2 V617F activation from cytokine-induced signalling by modulation of JH2 αC helix
Authors: Leroy Emilie , Dusa Alexandra , Colau Didier , Motamedi Amir , Cahu Xavier , Mouton Céline , Huang Lily J. , Shiau Andrew K. , Constantinescu Stefan N.
Published: March 2016

The mechanisms by which JAK2 is activated by the prevalent pseudokinase (JH2) V617F mutation in blood cancers remain elusive. Via structure-guided mutagenesis and transcriptional and functional assays, we identify a community of residues from the JH2 helix αC, SH2-JH2 linker and JH1 kinase domain that mediate V617F-induced activation. This circuit is broken by altering the charge of residues along the solvent-exposed face of the JH2 αC, which is predicted to interact with the SH2-JH2 linker and JH1. Mutations that remove negative charges or add positive charges, such as E596A/R, do not alter the JH2 V617F fold, as shown by the crystal structure of JH2 V617F E596A. Instead, they prevent kinase domain activation via modulation of the C-terminal residues of the SH2-JH2 linker. These results suggest strategies for selective V617F JAK2 inhibition, with preservation of wild-type function.
BRCA1 affects protein phosphatase 6 signalling through its interaction with ANKRD28
Authors: Vincent Anne , Berthel Elise , Dacheux Estelle , Magnard Clémence , Venezia Nicole L. Dalla
Published: March 2016

The tumour suppressor BRCA1 (breast and ovarian cancer-susceptibility gene 1) is implicated in several nuclear processes including DNA repair, transcription regulation and chromatin remodelling. BRCA1 also has some cytoplasmic functions including a pro-apoptotic activity. We identified ANKRD28 (ankyrin repeat domain 28) as a novel BRCA1-interacting protein in a yeast two-hybrid screen and confirmed this interaction by reciprocal immunoprecipitations of the two overexpressed proteins. Endogenous interaction between BRCA1 and ANKRD28 was also observed by co-immunoprecipitation and located in the cytoplasm by proximity ligation assay. The main site of interaction of ANKRD28 on BRCA1 is located in its intrinsically disordered scaffold central region. Whereas ANKRD28 silencing results in a destabilization of IκBε (inhibitor of nuclear factor κBε) through its activation of PP6 (protein phosphatase 6) co-regulator upon TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) stimulation, BRCA1 overexpression stabilizes IκBε. A truncated form of BRCA1 that does not interact with ANKRD28 has no such effect. Our findings suggest that BRCA1 is a novel modulator of PP6 signalling via its interaction with ANKRD28. This new cytoplasmic process might participate in BRCA1 tumour-suppressor function.
Local learning‐based model‐free adaptive predictive control for adjustment of oxygen concentration in syngas manufacturing industry
Authors: Hou Zhongsheng , Liu Shida , Yin Chenkun
Published: March 2016

During the united gas improvement (UGI) gasification process in the syngas industry, the oxygen‐enriched technique plays an important role, since the obtained oxygen‐enriched air with a high oxygen concentration can enhance the production efficiency of the syngas. However, satisfactory control performance for the oxygen concentration of the oxygen‐enriched air is hard to achieve because an accurate dynamical model of the oxygen concentration control process by the first principles is fairly difficult to obtain due to strong non‐linearity and unknown disturbances in practice. A novel data‐driven control method called compact‐form‐dynamic‐linearisation‐based model‐free adaptive predictive control approach combined with the local learning (LL‐CFDL‐MFAPC) is proposed to address the control problem. In LL‐CFDL‐MFAPC, the online and offline input–output measurement data of the plant are fully and simultaneously utilised during the control process, and the design of the controller is model free by means of compact‐form‐dynamic‐linearisation technique. Moreover, the controller has strong robustness because the prediction mechanism participates in control design and only the input/output measurement data are used. The stability and convergence of LL‐CFDL‐MFAPC are guaranteed by theoretical analysis under several reasonable assumptions, and simulation experiments using real data collected from a practical UGI gasifier verify that the oxygen concentration control problem can be effectively addressed by the proposed method.
Multiobjective economic MPC of constrained non‐linear systems
Authors: He Defeng , Sun Jing , Chen Wei
Published: March 2016

This study proposes an alternative utopia‐tracking multiobjective economic model prediction control scheme of constrained non‐linear systems with guaranteed asymptotic stability and convergence of average performance. The proposed scheme minimises the distance of its cost function vector to a vector of independently minimised objectives evaluated at ultimate transient operation, i.e. ultimate utopia point. Recursive feasibility and stability of the scheme are established by a closed‐loop optimisation dual‐mode formulation. Moreover, convergence of the closed‐loop average performance is established in the context of multiobjective optimisation. The theoretical results are illustrated by two examples of chemical processes.
Research on technical requirements of line‐commutated converter‐based high‐voltage direct current participating in receiving end AC system's black start
Authors: Li Baohong , Liu Tianqi , Xu Weihua , Li Qiang , Zhang Yingmin , Li Yuan , Li Xing Yuan
Published: March 2016

This study discusses the technical requirements of line‐commutated converter‐based high‐voltage direct current (LCC‐HVDC) power transmission participating in a receiving end AC system's black start. The control and start‐up modes of LCC‐HVDC suitable for black start are discussed. Through short‐circuit capacity analysis and frequency estimation, the appropriate strength of the receiving end AC system to start the LCC‐HVDC is studied. A reactive power coordination strategy is proposed to reduce overvoltage caused by the HVDC filter. An innovative additional frequency control at the inverter side is proposed to suppress the frequency oscillation in the black‐start procedure. This control is realised through the constant voltage at rectifier and constant current at inverter control mode. Compared with the conventional rectifier‐side additional frequency control method, the inverter‐side additional frequency control method requires no remote communication and is thus more practical and effective when the receiving end is in a blackout. On the basis of the analysis, the conventional LCC‐HVDC is started successfully under the proposed requirements of black start and the overvoltage and frequency oscillation are also reduced effectively by the proposed control strategies, both of which are validated through electromagnetic transient simulation based on PSCAD/EMTDC software.
Compensation scheme for secondary arc current on four‐circuit parallel transmission lines
Authors: Zhang Xu , Xu Zhenyu , Gao Bo , Xie Xiaorong , Wang K.
Published: March 2016

This study presents a novel capacitive coupling compensation scheme for 500 kV four‐circuit transposed parallel transmission lines. Using this scheme, the capacitive coupling between energised phase and faulted phases in four‐circuit can be fully compensated. Moreover, the secondary arc current can be limited to <10 A. On the basis of the new scheme, an optimal compensation scheme for every kind of maintenance state is also depicted. Performances of the proposed schemes are validated by real‐time digital simulator.
Non‐synchronous generation impact on power systems coherency
Authors: Chamorro Harold R. , Ordonez Camilo A. , Peng Jimmy C. , Ghandhari Mehrdad
Published: March 2016

The increasing integration of renewables into the grid based on power electronics converters interfaces is affecting the power systems dynamics, requiring effective monitoring and visualisation to provide appropriate assessment during extreme events. The coherent group identification in power systems is of importance for dynamic studies and transmission capability improvement. This study analyses the coherency based on the mode shapes, the application of the Koopman mode analysis (KMA) and a Prony analysis (PA) on‐line variation for the identification of coherent groups in power systems. KMA and PA use the voltage angle measurements obtained from simulation. The clustering of the coherent groups are evaluated in two test systems. The coherency methods are also evaluated taking into account the impact of a large gradual scale inclusion of non‐synchronous generation under different penetration level cases. From the comparison and visualisation of the different methods it is possible to observe the impact of the large inclusion of non‐synchronous generation on the coherency.
Zuckerfreies Kaugummi: Einfluss auf Mundgesundheit und Patientenzuzahlungen
Authors: Spyra Anna , Kreimendahl F. , Zimmer S.
Published: March 2016

Ziel der Studie Der Nutzen von zuckerfreiem Kaugummi (ZFK) in der Kariesprophylaxe ist durch zahlreiche Studien belegt. Die vorliegende Arbeit evaluiert die Kosteneffektivität von ZFK aus Sicht des Patienten über den gesamten Lebenszyklus.

Methoden Die Entwicklung der derzeitigen zahnmedizinischen Situation wurde über einen Zeitraum von 62 Jahren projiziert (Szenario „Derzeitiger Konsum“). Vergleichend hierzu wurde die Entwicklung der Zahngesundheit untersucht, wenn der Konsum von ZFK auf finnisches Niveau angehoben wird (Szenario „Erhöhter Konsum“). Jeder Zahn kann die Zustände „Keine Karies“, „1- bis 4-flächige Füllung“, „Teil- bzw. Vollkrone“ und „Zahnersatz“ erreichen. Die Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten wurden auf der Basis der DMFT-Werte der Vierten Deutschen Mundgesundheitsstudie (DMS IV) ermittelt. Die Kosten für die Patientenzuzahlungen wurden anhand einer retrospektiven Datenerhebung ermittelt.

Ergebnisse Eine Erhöhung des Konsums von ZFK auf das finnische Niveau führt zu Lebenszeitkosten der Karies und ihrer Folgen in Höhe von 16.882,73 € je Patient. Sofern keine Steigerung des Konsums stattfindet, belaufen sich die Kosten auf 23.801,11 € je Patient. Demnach führt eine Erhöhung des Konsums von ZFK zu Kosteneinsparungen in Höhe ca. 7.000 € je Patient innerhalb von 62 Jahren bzw. jährlichen Einsparungen in Höhe von ca. 111 € je Patient. Werden die zusätzlichen Ausgaben für ZFK abgezogen, ergibt sich ein Einsparpotenzial von 102 € pro Patient und Jahr.

Schlussfolgerung Die Erhöhung des Konsums von ZFK führt gemäß dieser Modellrechnung neben der Verbesserung der Mundgesundheit auch zu erheblichen Kosteneinsparungen für den Patienten.
2.2 C—C Bond Formation by Alkyl C—H Activation
Authors: Baudoin O.
Published: March 2016

In comparison to the wealth of methods recently developed for the catalytic functionalization of the C(sp2)—H bonds of arenes and hetarenes, relatively little work has focused on the functionalization of the unactivated C(sp3)—H bonds of alkyl fragments. This chapter highlights selected examples of the fast-growing literature on the catalytic functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)—H bonds through organometallic C—H activation, with an emphasis on the most synthetically useful methods. It covers heteroatom-directed C(sp3)—H activation with regard to cross coupling with alkenes, alkynes, and carbon monoxide, organoboron reagents, diaryliodonium salts, and organic halides. Also included is C(sp3)—H activation/intramolecular C—C coupling induced by oxidative addition and nondirected intermolecular C(sp3)—H arylation.
2.3 C—C Bond Formation Using Carbenes
Authors: Cui X. , Zhang X. P.
Published: March 2016

Transition-metal-catalyzed carbene C—H insertion has been developed as one of the most direct and effective methods for the construction of C—C bonds from C—H bonds. During the past two decades, a number of transition-metal-based catalytic systems have been established for asymmetric C—H functionalization via carbene insertion. Synthetically useful systems have been developed to functionalize C—H bonds in both intermolecular and intramolecular fashions. In this chapter, highly selective and practical catalytic systems for stereoselective C—H functionalization via catalytic carbene transfer are summarized. Literature reports are classified and discussed according to the type of C—H bond. This review focuses mainly on the issue of stereoselectivity, particularly on enantioselectivity.
2.7 C—Hal Bond Formation by Arene C—H Activation
Authors: Sanford M. S. , Cook A.
Published: March 2016

Caryl—H bonds are transformed into Caryl—halogen bonds via transition-metal-catalyzed C—H activation. Fluorination, chlorination, bromination, and iodination are discussed and a wide variety of arenes bearing various directing groups are competent substrates.
2.8 C—N Bond Formation by Arene C—H Activation Using a Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Dauban P. , Darses B.
Published: March 2016

The search for methodologies allowing C(sp2)—N bond formation is of utmost interest as the arylamine motif is ubiquitous in nature and life and material sciences. This chapter focuses on palladium-catalyzed arene C—H activation for the direct amination of C(sp2)—H bonds, generally under oxidizing conditions. These processes mainly allow the efficient introduction of carboxamides and sulfonamides, but the insertion of an amino group is also possible. Intramolecular transformations lead to the formation of either five-membered rings, such as carbazoles, indole derivatives, and benzo-fused nitrogen heterocycles, or six-membered rings, such as quinolinones and phenanthridinones. On the other hand, intermolecular reactions occur with complete regioselectivity, generally ortho to an appropriate directing group, which can be an oxime, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, or an amide.
2.10 C—O Bond Formation by Arene C—H Activation via Biomimetic and Organocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Hitomi Y. , Arakawa K.
Published: March 2016

This chapter is a summary of selected reactions for C—O bond formation via arene C—H bond activation by biomimetic and organocatalytic oxidation catalysts, which include manganese, iron, copper, and vanadium complexes as well as photocatalysts.
2.11 C—O Bond Formation by Arene C—H Activation via Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation
Authors: Li D.-D. , Wang G.-W.
Published: March 2016

This chapter highlights significant achievements in metal-catalyzed selective oxidation processes of arene C—H bonds to construct C—O bonds. A directing group is usually required to achieve high ortho-regioselectivity. Various functional groups have been fruitfully exploited as the directing groups for the acyloxylation, alkoxylation, hydroxylation, and intramolecular C—O cyclization of arenes by the palladium-, copper-, and ruthenium-catalyzed C—H activation. These transition-metal-catalyzed C—H/C—O processes can be efficiently achieved by utilizing either a monodentate or bidentate directing group.
A fast maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic arrays under partially shaded conditions
Authors: Zhu Xiaorong , Liu Shipeng , Wang Yi
Published: March 2016

Aiming at the multiple peaks phenomenon on the power-voltage characteristic curve of photovoltaic (PV) array under partially shaded conditions, this paper proposes a fast global maximum power point tracking method based on sliding mode control (SMC). First, according to the operating characteristics of PV arrays, a reduced scanning range is adopted to avoid large power fluctuations and the optimal scanning direction of global maximum power point (GMPP) is determined to avoid the repeating scanning of the PV curve, both of which reduce the scanning time greatly. Second, during the scanning and tracking process, SMC is introduced to move the operating point quickly to the reference value, which improves the scanning speed further. Finally, when the operating point is close to the GMPP, the control mode is switched from the SMC based tracking control to the SMC based maximum power point tracking control, which quickly stabilizes the operating point of the PV array at the GMPP, reducing the power ripple during steady-state operation. Furthermore, the proposed method is independent of PV parameters, due to the new open circuit voltage detection method proposed in this paper, which does not occupy extra time. Simulation and experimental results validate that the proposed method can guarantee accurate convergence to the GMPP with fast tracking process and low energy loss under partially shaded conditions.
Note: Development of a compact aperture-type XYθz positioning stage
Authors: Park Jaehyun , Lee Hakjun , Kim Hyunchang , Kim Hyoyoung , Gweon Daegab
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we propose a new in-plane XYθz nano-positioning stage that utilizes piezoelectric actuators and flexure mechanisms. The proposed stage has an aperture and is compact, which facilitates its application in measurement equipment, especially those used for biological specimens. The stage has four piezoelectric actuators and four bridge-type flexure mechanisms, which are used to amplify the small motions produced by the piezoelectric actuators. This paper describes the modeling and design optimization of the stage, which has X- and Y-direction motion ranges of 300 μm and a θz-direction motion range of ±3.9 mrad. The stage measures 150 × 150 × 23 mm, and its aperture is 50 × 50 mm.
Characterisation of suspended particulate matter in the Rhone River: insights into analogue selection
Authors: Slomberg Danielle L. , Ollivier Patrick , Radakovitch Olivier , Baran Nicole , Sani-Kast Nicole , Miche Hélène , Borschneck Daniel , Grauby Olivier , Bruchet Auguste , Scheringer Martin , Labille Jérôme
Published: March 2016

Environmental contextThe fate and behaviour of pollutants such as pesticides, metals and nanoparticles in natural waters will influence their effects on the environment and human health. Owing to the complexity of natural waters and suspended particulate matter (SPM) that can interact with pollutants, as well as low pollutant concentrations, determination of pollutant fate and transport is non-trivial. Herein, we report a characterisation of the Rhone River chemistry to provide insight into selecting SPM analogues for experimental and modelling approaches. AbstractSelection of realistic suspended particulate matter (SPM) analogues remains vital for realising representative experimental and modelling approaches in predicting the environmental fate of pollutants. Here, we present the characterisation of dissolved-ion and SPM compositions for nine sampling sites over the length of the Rhone River. Dissolved-ion concentrations remained stable, but SPM concentrations varied among sampling sites. Size fractionation and mineralogical characterisation of the SPM revealed that the same minerals (e.g. quartz, calcite, muscovite) constituted every size class from 0.5 to >50µm, as is usually found with allochthonous and large-scale systems. To gain insight into SPM analogue selection, aggregation kinetics of silica, calcite, muscovite, feldspars and clays were monitored in the native filtrate and related to the respective zeta potentials (ζ). An SPM mixture of calcite (49%), muscovite (14%), feldspar (23%) and chlorite (14%) proved the best match for the Rhone SPM, demonstrating that mineral surface chemistry, structure and size are all important in selecting a realistic SPM analogue for a riverine system.
Major spliceosome defects cause male infertility and are associated with nonobstructive azoospermia in humans
Authors: Wu Hao , Sun Liwei , Wen Yang , Liu Yujuan , Yu Jun , Mao Feiyu , Wang Ya , Tong Chao , Guo Xuejiang , Hu Zhibin , Sha Jiahao , Liu Mingxi , Xia Laixin
Published: March 2016

Significance

The major spliceosome is required for mRNA processing and is believed to be essential for cell survival. Here we report that mutations affecting the major spliceosome are associated with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), a common but poorly understood cause of male infertility in humans. Specifically, we report that spliceosome dysregulation impairs the differentiation of spermatogonia, abolishing the maturation of germ cells into sperm. The requirement for the major spliceosome during spermatogonial differentiation is highly conserved among species. Our study has uncovered genetic causes and molecular mechanisms underlying NOA; these results will likely provide direction for the genetic testing and treatment of patients with NOA.
Self-assembly of crystalline nanotubes from monodisperse amphiphilic diblock copolypeptoid tiles
Authors: Sun Jing , Jiang Xi , Lund Reidar , Downing Kenneth H. , Balsara Nitash P. , Zuckermann Ronald N.
Published: March 2016

Significance

A fundamental challenge in materials science is to create synthetic nanoarchitectures that rival the structural complexity found in nature. A promising bioinspired approach is to synthesize sequence-defined polymer chains that fold into precise protein-like structures. Here, we discovered a family of sequence-defined, amphiphilic diblock copolypeptoids that spontaneously form crystalline, hollow nanotubes of uniform diameter, without a central hydrophobic core in aqueous solution. These low–molecular-weight polymers have two chemically distinct domains that are congruent in size and shape, which allows them to behave like molecular tile units that can form brick-like supramolecular lattices. This demonstrates the remarkable structure-directing influence of
n
-alkane and ethyleneoxy side chains, and that flexible polymers can serve as tile units that can assemble into precision supramolecular architectures.
Intrathecal gene therapy rescues a model of demyelinating peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Kagiava Alexia , Sargiannidou Irene , Theophilidis George , Karaiskos Christos , Richter Jan , Bashiardes Stavros , Schiza Natasa , Nearchou Marianna , Christodoulou Christina , Scherer Steven S. , Kleopa Kleopas A.
Published: March 2016

Significance

Inherited demyelinating peripheral neuropathies are progressive incurable diseases caused by mutations in a variety of genes expressed by myelinating Schwann cells. A major challenge in developing effective gene therapy is to gain access to multiple nerves for cell-specific expression. Our study demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, that intrathecal injection of a lentiviral vector with a myelin-specific promoter can achieve targeted expression in adult myelinating Schwann cells in a widespread distribution throughout the peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, this translatable approach restored the expression of a neuropathy-associated gene and led to a phenotypic, functional, and pathological rescue of a neuropathy model. These results have important implications for further preclinical and clinical testing in this and other types of inherited demyelinating neuropathies.
Magnetic field evolution in magnetar crusts through three-dimensional simulations
Authors: Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N. , Wood Toby S. , Hollerbach Rainer
Published: March 2016

Significance

The observed diversity of magnetars indicates that their magnetic topology is more complicated than a simple dipole. Current models of their radiative emission, based on axially symmetric simulations, require the presence of a concealed toroidal magnetic field having up to 100 times more energy than the observed dipole component, but the physical origin of such a field is unclear. Our fully 3D simulations of the crustal magnetic field demonstrate that magnetic instabilities operate under a range of plausible conditions and generate small-scale field structures that are an order of magnitude stronger than the large-scale field. The Maxwell stress and Ohmic heating from these structures can explain magnetar bursts and surface hotspots, using comparable poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields.
Mixing and matching TREK/TRAAK subunits generate heterodimeric K
2P
channels with unique properties
Authors: Blin Sandy , Ben Soussia Ismail , Kim Eun-Jin , Brau Frédéric , Kang Dawon , Lesage Florian , Bichet Delphine
Published: March 2016

Significance

Nearly 350 human genes encode ion channels. Posttranscriptional (alternative splicing, editing, and alternative translation initiation) and posttranslational mechanisms (glycosylation, phosphorylation) further increase diversity. For multimeric channels, various heteromeric combinations may raise the number of ion channels to thousands. Here, we show that mixing and matching TWIK1-related K
+
(TREK)/Twik-related acid-arachidonic activated K
+
channel (TRAAK) subunits generate tens of different channels. Heterodimeric combinations have properties different from those of the corresponding homodimers, including single-channel behavior, regulation by kinases, and sensitivity to pharmacological agents. These results imply that any excitable cell can adjust its response to neurotransmitters by simply modulating the ratio of expressed TREK/TRAAK subunits. These results also imply that heteromerization has to be considered when analyzing in vivo functions of these channels but also when screening new potential therapeutic drugs.