bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vistula River bed erosion processes and their influence on Warsaw’s flood safety
Authors: Magnuszewski A. , Moran S.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Large cities have historically been well protected against floods as a function of their importance to society. In Warsaw, Poland, located on a narrow passage of the Vistula River valley, urban flood disasters were not unusual. Beginning at the end of the 19th century, the construction of river embankment and training works caused the narrowing of the flood passage path in the downtown reach of the river. The process of bed erosion lowered the elevation of the river bed by 205 cm over the 20th century, and the consequences of bed lowering are reflected by the rating curve change. Conditions of the flood passage have been analysed by the CCHE2D hydrodynamic model both in retro-modelling and scenario simulation modelling. The high water mark of the 1844 flood and iterative calculations in retro-modelling made possible estimation of the discharge, Q = 8250 m3 s−1. This highest observed historical flood in a natural river has been compared to recent conditions of the Vistula River in Warsaw by scenario modelling. The result shows dramatic changes in water surface elevation, velocities, and shear stress. The vertical velocity in the proximity of Port Praski gauge at km 513 can reach 3.5 m s−1, a very high value for a lowland river. The average flow conveyance is improving due to channel erosion but also declining in the case of extreme floods due to high resistance from vegetation on the flood plains.
The effect of coarse gravel on cohesive sediment entrapment in an annular flume
Authors: Glasbergen K. , Stone M. , Krishnappan B. , Dixon J. , Silins U.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. While cohesive sediment generally represents a small fraction (<0.5%) of the total sediment mass stored in gravel-bed rivers, it can strongly influence physical and biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone and alter aquatic habitat. This research was conducted to examine mechanisms governing the interaction of cohesive sediments with gravel beds in the Elbow River, Alberta, Canada. A series of erosion and deposition experiments with and without a gravel bed were conducted in a 5-m diameter annular flume. The critical shear stress for deposition and erosion of cohesive sediment without gravel was 0.115 Pa and 0.212 Pa, respectively. In experiments with a gravel bed, cohesive sediment moved from the water column into the gravel bed via the coupling of surface and pore water flow. Once in the gravel bed, cohesive sediments were not mobilized under the maximum applied shear stresses (1.11 Pa) used in the experiment. The gravel bed had an entrapment coefficient (ratio between the entrapment flux and the settling flux) of 0.2. Accordingly, when flow conditions are sufficient to produce a shear stress that will mobilize the armour layer of the gravel bed (>16 Pa), cohesive materials trapped within the gravel bed will be entrained and transported into the Glenmore Reservoir, where sediment-associated nutrients may pose treatment challenges to the drinking water supply.
Bedload flux in southern Brazilian basalt scarp
Authors: Merten G. H. , Minella J. P. G.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Frequently, to assess the life expectancy of Brazilian reservoirs, bedload flux has been estimated by using formulas (e.g. the Einstein equations) or by assuming that bedload represents a fixed percentage of the suspended load. This study was carried out to characterize the bedload flux on the basalt scarps of southern Brazil. The bedload was measured over the course of 12 stormflows. The results demonstrated that the bedload flux–streamflow relationship was adequately described by a potential mathematical function. Bedload flux selectively transported particles smaller than D50 surface and subsurface bedstream sediments. When considering the bedload flux–streamflow relationship, the flux ranged from a minimum of 0.24 g m−1 s−1 for a streamflow of 0.53 m3 s−1 to a maximum of 44 g m−1 s−1 for a streamflow of 1.3 m3 s−1. The percentage of bedload/suspended load varied between <1% up to 60%, and this variation was strongly associated with peak flow.
Combining caesium-137 measurements and suspended sediment load data to investigate the sediment response of a small catchment in southern Italy
Authors: Porto P. , Walling D. E. , La Spada C. , Mallimo N.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. A long-term measurement programme was operated in southern Italy during the 1960s and 1970s, to provide information on the suspended sediment yields from the main river basins. Information obtained for the rivers of Calabria suggests that suspended sediment yields in this area are relatively low. However, there is evidence that the intensity of land degradation within the upstream catchments is substantially higher than suggested by the values of specific sediment yield and there is a need to explore the relationship between on-site soil loss and downstream sediment yield more closely. Monitoring time-integrated erosion rates over large areas has traditionally required extensive long-term measurement programmes employing experimental plots. The fallout radionuclide caesium-137 (137Cs) offers an alternative means of documenting medium-term rates of soil loss. This paper describes the use of 137Cs measurements and the available sediment load data to explore the links between soil erosion, sediment redistribution and storage, and sediment output for a medium-scale (41.3 km2) catchment in Calabria. Data available from a sediment load monitoring programme undertaken at the catchment outlet during 1962–1977 have been used to estimate the longer-term catchment sediment yield. This estimate has been combined with information provided by the 137Cs measurements, to establish a medium-term sediment budget for the catchment. The results provided by the 137Cs measurements indicate that the catchment is subject to much higher rates of soil loss and land degradation than suggested by its specific sediment yield. These findings are consistent with the results obtained for other catchments in Calabria for which both 137Cs derived erosion rates and measured sediment yields are available.
Impact of earthquake-triggered landslides on catchment sediment yield
Authors: Vanmaercke M. , Obreja F. , Poesen J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This study explores the role of seismic activity in explaining spatial and temporal variation in sediment export from the Siret basin in Romania. Based on long-term (>30 years) sediment export measurements for 38 subcatchments, we found that spatial variation in sediment yield (SY) is strongly correlated to the degree of seismic activity and catchment lithology. Combined, these factors explain 80% of the variation in SY. To investigate the role of earthquake-triggered landslides in explaining these correlations, we studied the temporal variability in sediment concentrations before and after the 7.4 Mw earthquake of 1977 for ten subcatchments. Despite the fact that this earthquake triggered many landslides, only one subcatchment showed a clear (3-fold) increase in sediment concentration per unit discharge after the earthquake. This shows that, although prolonged seismic activity strongly controls average SY, individual earthquakes do not necessarily affect sediment export at short timescales.
Suspended sediment yield mapping of Northern Eurasia
Authors: Maltsev K. A. , Yermolaev O. P. , Mozzherin V. V.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The mapping of river sediment yields at continental or global scale involves a number of technical difficulties that have largely been ignored. The maps need to show the large zonal peculiarities of river sediment yields, as well as the level (smoothed) local anomalies. This study was carried out to create a map of river sediment yields for Northern Eurasia (within the boundaries of the former Soviet Union, 22 × 106 km2) at a scale of 1:1 500 000. The data for preparing the map were taken from the long-term observations recorded at more than 1000 hydrological stations. The data have mostly been collected during the 20th century by applying a single method. The creation of this map from the study of river sediment yield is a major step towards enhancing international research on understanding the mechanical denudation of land due mainly to erosion.
Erosion modelling towards, and sediment transport modelling in unnavigable watercourses in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Ferket B. , Van De Broek M. , Van Hoestenberghe T. , Degerickx J. , De Sutter R. , Govers G. , Dezillie N. , Deproost P.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Antea Group and KULeuven were awarded a project in Flanders to identify the regions exporting high sediment loads to unnavigable watercourses and the sedimentation zones within them. Two types of models are applied: hydrological sediment export models (SEM) and hydraulic sediment transport models (STM). The influence of erosion control measures on sediment export as well as river engineering measures needs to be taken into account. A concept will be developed to connect the SEM and STM, enabling the sediment to be routed from upstream to the sedimentation zones. Results of the study will be used by the Flemish government to plan erosion control measures, estimate future sedimentation volumes, steer sedimentation and optimize river engineering and dredging works. Finally, model results could also be used to obtain better insights to the re-suspension risks of contaminated sediment in watercourses.
A combined model of sediment production, supply and transport
Authors: Fujita M. , Yamanoi K. , Izumiyama H.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. In previous sediment-runoff models, the sediment production rates of mountain slopes, and the sediment supply rates to streams typically have been developed using empirical methods. A process-based model for sediment production and supply is, however, required for more exact simulations of sediment runoff. In this study, we develop a method to calculate the sediment production rate due to both freeze-thaw action and the sediment supply rate (i.e. erosion rate of talus). These numerical models were then connected to an existing sediment transport model. The integrated model presented here was applied to a small mountainous watershed. We found that the calculated sediment production rate was within the range of values typically observed for this region. Additionally, the estimated annual sediment discharge using the model agreed with observational results. Lastly, we found that the model can be used to qualitatively characterize typical features of the actual sediment routine in mountainous watersheds.
Tapped lakes as sediment traps in an Arctic delta
Authors: Walker J. , McGraw M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Lakes within the Colville River delta in northern Alaska, USA, vary in size from small ponds created by ice-wedge growth to thaw lakes that are as much as three kilometres long and ten metres deep. As the river migrates, lake edges are breached and the lakes are drained. Such lake tapping is aided by permafrost thaw and ice wedge melt and, in the case of the larger lakes, by wave action within them. Once a lake is tapped, it drains rapidly creating a deep scour hole at its entrance and from then on it is subject to the varying stages and discharge of the river. During flooding, when the river is transporting its largest amount of sediment, the tapped lakes become settling basins and rapidly fill. The Colville River delta has lakes in all stages from freshly breached to those that are now being destroyed by channel migration.
Large freshwater and sediment impoundments between the Mississippi River and the Louisiana coastline
Authors: Andersen G. R. , Hall B. , Aieta E. M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. An innovative system-level sediment and freshwater management plan is proposed for the coastal regions of Louisiana, USA. It involves the construction of large sediment and freshwater impoundments between the river and coastline fed periodically through large spillway structures during the rising hydrograph of the river when the highest concentration of sediment is in the water column. Sediment directing and trapping technologies are proposed for the river channel and spillways to capture the coarser-grained sediments. The embankments can be constructed from dredging and then enlarged by land-based harvesting of coarse-grained sediments from the traps. These impoundments will permit the continuous introduction of freshwater and finer-grained sediments to coastal marshlands for vegetation, land augmentation, protection from storm surges and salt water intrusion, while removing large amounts of sand from the river and decreasing annual maintenance dredging costs.
Simulation of rainfall effects on sediment transport on steep slopes in an Alpine catchment
Authors: Kaiser A. , Neugirg F. , Schindewolf M. , Haas F. , Schmidt J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The Alps represent a young, high mountain range which displays strong geomorphological activity. As the major source area in Central Europe, they deliver large quantities of sediment to the lowlands. However, our knowledge on process differentiation is still not sufficient to distinguish between the summer and winter periods of denudation. To increase our understanding of soil detachment, artificial rainfall experiments were carried out to generate data for the physically-based soil erosion model EROSION 2D/3D. Additionally, state-of-the-art, close-range remote sensing methods were applied to validate the results. The first rainfall simulations showed promising results for predicting denudation during the summer period, thus indicating the applicability of this experimental approach. However, further research is required for seasonal dynamics during other times of the year.
Challenges of ecosystem restoration in Louisiana – availability of sediment and its management
Authors: Khalil S. M. , Freeman A. M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Human intervention has impaired the Mississippi River’s ability to deliver sediment to its delta wetlands, and as a consequence acute land loss in coastal Louisiana has resulted in an unprecedented ecocatastrophe. To mitigate this degradation, an unparalleled restoration effort is underway. For this effort to be successful and sustainable, various sediment input mechanisms must be integrated, including: building appropriate sediment-diversions; beneficially using the millions of cubic metres of sediment dredged annually from navigational channels; harvesting deposits of sand and suitable sediment from the river and offshore; and related sediment management activities that are compatible with other uses of the river. A comprehensive sediment management plan has been developed to identify and delineate potential sediment sources for restoration, and to provide a framework for managing sediment resources wisely, cost effectively, and in a systematic manner. The Louisiana Sediment Management Plan provides regional strategies for improved comprehensive management of Louisiana's limited sediment resources.
Quantification, analysis and modelling of soil erosion on steep slopes using LiDAR and UAV photographs
Authors: Neugirg F. , Kaiser A. , Schmidt J. , Becht M. , Haas F.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Steep hill slopes in the Bavarian Alps and at an artificial waste dump on the Island of Elba are subject to soil erosion through geomorphological processes. Long-term high-resolution terrestrial LiDAR data are available and have been analysed for both areas. The analysis indicated different erosion patterns on the slopes that could be the result of different geomorphological processes. Additionally, both study sites show a good agreement between the annual erosion rates and the size of the hydrological catchment as a proxy for the sediment contributing area. The results presented in this study represent the first analysis of hill slope erosion measured with LiDAR and UAV systems. The hill slope erosion will be subject to measurements using a higher temporal resolution during future years in order to identify different erosion processes throughout the annual time step.
Distributed soil loss estimation system including ephemeral gully development and tillage erosion
Authors: Vieira D. A. N. , Dabney S. M. , Yoder D. C.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. A new modelling system is being developed to provide spatially-distributed runoff and soil erosion predictions for conservation planning that integrates the 2D grid-based variant of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, version 2 model (RUSLER), the Ephemeral Gully Erosion Estimator (EphGEE), and the Tillage Erosion and Landscape Evolution Model (TELEM). Digital representations of the area of interest (field, farm or entire watershed) are created using high-resolution topography and data retrieved from established databases of soil properties, climate, and agricultural operations. The system utilizes a library of processing tools (LibRaster) to deduce surface drainage from topography, determine the location of potential ephemeral gullies, and subdivide the study area into catchments for calculations of runoff and sheet-and-rill erosion using RUSLER. EphGEE computes gully evolution based on local soil erodibility and flow and sediment transport conditions. Annual tillage-induced morphological changes are computed separately by TELEM.
The impact of soil preparation on the soil erosion rates under laboratory conditions
Authors: Khaledi Darvishan A. , Homayounfar V. , Sadeghi S. H. R.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The use of laboratory methods in soil erosion studies causes soil disturbance, preparation and placement in experimental plots and has been recently considered more and more because of many advantages. However, different stages of soil removal, transfer, preparation and placement in laboratory plots cause significant changes in soil structure and subsequently, the results of runoff, sediment concentration and soil loss. Knowing the rate of changes in sediment concentration and soil loss variables with respect to the soil preparation for laboratory studies is therefore inevitable to generalize the laboratory results to field conditions. However, there has been less attention to evaluate the effects of soil preparation on sediment variables. The present study was therefore conducted to compare sediment concentration and soil loss in natural and prepared soil. To achieve the study purposes, 18 field 1 m × 1 m-plots were adopted in an 18% gradient slope with sandy-clay-loam soil in the Kojour watershed, Northern Iran. Three rainfall intensities of 40, 60 and 80 mm h−1 were simulated on both prepared and natural soil treatments with three replications. The sediment concentration and soil loss at five three-minute intervals after time-to-runoff were then measured. The results showed the significant (p ≤ 0.01) increasing effects of soil preparation on the average sediment concentration and soil loss. The increasing rates of runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss due to the study soil preparation method for laboratory soil erosion plots, were 179, 183 and 1050% (2.79, 2.83 and 11.50 times), respectively.
Ecological soil quality affected by land use and management on semi-arid Crete
Authors: van Leeuwen J. P. , Moraetis D. , Lair G. J. , Bloem J. , Nikolaidis N. P. , Hemerik L. , de Ruiter P. C.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Land use and soil management practice can have strong effects on soil quality, defined in terms of soil fertility, carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity. In this study, we investigate whether ecological soil quality parameters are adequate to assess soil quality under harsh conditions, and are able to reflect different land uses and intensities of soil management practices. We selected three sites as main representatives for the dominant types of land use in the region: an intensively cultivated olive orchard (annually tilled), an extensively used olive orchard (not tilled) and a heavily grazed pasture site in the Koiliaris catchment (Crete/Greece). Soil quality was analysed using an ecosystem approach, studying soil biological properties such as soil organism biomass and activity, and taxonomic diversity of soil microarthropods, in connection to abiotic soil parameters, including soil organic matter contents, and soil aggregate stability. The intensively cultivated olive orchard had a much lower aggregate water stability than the extensive olive orchard and the pasture. Contents of soil organic C and N were higher in the extensively used olive orchard than in the intensively cultivated orchard, with intermediate concentrations in the pasture. This was mainly caused by the highest input of organic matter, combined with the lowest organic matter decomposition rate. Soil organism biomasses in all sites were relatively low compared to values reported from less harsh systems, while microarthropod richness was highest in the pasture compared to both the intensive and extensive olive orchards. From the present results we conclude that microarthropod taxonomic richness is a very useful indicator for ecological soil quality, because it is not only able to separate harsh sites from other systems, but it is also sensitive enough to show differences between land management practices under harsh conditions. Microbial biomass and especially microarthropod biomass were much lower in our harsh study sites than reported from less affected areas, and have therefore also potential as biological indicators for degradation.
Analysis of the Kinematic Accuracy Reliability of a 3-DOF Parallel Robot Manipulator
Authors: Cui Guohua , Zhang Haiqiang , Zhang Dan , Xu Feng
Published: March 2015

Kinematic accuracy reliability is an important performance index in the evaluation of mechanism quality. By using a 3-DOF 3-PUU parallel robot manipulator as the research object, the position and orientation error model was derived by mapping the relation between the input and output of the mechanism. Three error sensitivity indexes that evaluate the kinematic accuracy of the parallel robot manipulator were obtained by adapting the singular value decomposition of the error translation matrix. Considering the influence of controllable and uncontrollable factors on the kinematic accuracy, the mathematical model of reliability based on random probability was employed. The measurement and calculation method for the evaluation of the mechanism's kinematic reliability level was also provided. By analysing the mechanism's errors and reliability, the law of surface error sensitivity for the location and structure parameters was obtained. The kinematic reliability of the parallel robot manipulator was statistically computed on the basis of the Monte Carlo simulation method. The reliability analysis of kinematic accuracy provides a theoretical basis for design optimization and error compensation.
Numerical Solution of the Inventory Balance Delay Differential Equation
Authors: Novotná Veronika
Published: March 2015

Inventory represents an essential part of current assets, which are typically characterized by their transience.

This paper aims to outline a numerical solution of the inventory balance equation supplemented by an order-up-to replenishment policy for a case in which the problem is described by a differential equation with delayed argument. The results are demonstrated on a specific example and the behaviour of the model is presented using a computer simulation. The results are graphically shown in the Maple system. The solution makes use of the theory of functional differential equations, especially the part dealing with differential equations with delayed arguments.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i geoambiental per la comarca de l’Anoia (subcomarca de l´Alta Segarra): des de la Panadella a Sant Martí Sesgueioles i a Calaf
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 2 de febrer de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, es realitzarà un recorregut geològic que discorrerà en la seva totalitat per diferents indrets de la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre; i més concretament pels sectors corresponents a la seva Depressió Central, a l´igual que en els altres recorreguts que hem fet per la comarca de l’Anoia. D´aquesta manera, tot el recorregut transitarà entre afloraments dels materials terciaris (de l´Oligocè) i quaternaris que reblen aquesta depressió.  Així, durant tot el recorregut, anirem trobant afloraments que corresponen als materials de la Formació Tàrrega, situant-se íntegrament dintre del Complex Lacustre de la Segarra. Així, veurem terrenys calcolutitics, carbonatats, argilosos i lignits, fonamentalment, al llarg de tot el recorregut de l´itinerari. Per d´altra banda, el recorregut transitarà inicialment per la comarca d´Anoia, pels sectors septentrionals i segarrencs de la comarca. Després, penetrarà breument a la comarca de la Segarra, per a tornar finalment a la comarca d´Anoia, discorrent els darrers trams del recorregut per la subcomarca de l´Alta Segarra (la també anomenada Segarra Calafina).
Recorregut peripatètic de recerca geològica per la comarca del Vallès Oriental: des de Caldes de Montbui al Gorg de Pèlags, al Collet de la Torre Roja, a la Serra Llisa i a la Masia del Farell
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 2 de febrer de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà, en la seva quasi totalitat pel Sistema Mediterrani, i més concretament per la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (la seva unitat més externa). Així doncs, la quasi totalitat del recorregut pel Farell, es realitzarà per aquesta unitat geològica. Solament en alguns dels trams propers al Farell, s´entrarà breument a la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, pels voltants de Sant Sebastià de Montmajor. Per altra banda, i com ja s’entreveu al títol, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà sols per la comarca del Vallès Oriental.
Recorregut peripatètic de recerca geològica per les comarques del Vallès Occidental i del Vallès Oriental: des del Bosc de Guanta a Les Pedreres del Pascol i a Caldes de Montbui
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 8 de febrer de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà, en la seva totalitat pel Sistema Mediterrani, i més concretament per la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (la seva unitat més externa). Així doncs, la quasi totalitat del recorregut per les vessants SE del Farell, per aquesta unitat geològica. En aquesta part del recorregut, es trobaran materials mesozoics del Triàsic (i molt ocasionalment materials paleozoics de l´Ordovicià; així com granítics del Carbonífer). Per altra banda, i com ja s’entreveu al títol, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà sols per les comarques del Vallès Occidental (pel terme de Sentmenat) i del Vallès Oriental (pel terme de Caldes de Montbui).
Recorregut de recerca geològica per la comarca del Vallès Occidental: des de Sentmenat al Castell de Guanta
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 15 de febrer de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà, en la seva totalitat pel Sistema Mediterrani, i més concretament per la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (la seva unitat més externa). Així doncs, la quasi totalitat del recorregut per les vessants SE del Farell, per aquesta unitat geològica. Per altra banda, i com ja s’entreveu al títol, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà sols per la comarca del Vallès Occidental, pel terme de Sentmenat, en la seva totalitat, també.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i geoambiental per la comarca de l’Anoia (Alta Segarra), tot fent una fillola final pel Solsonès: des dels Prats de Rei a Calaf, Durfort, Aleny, Sant Pesselaç i a les Basses
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 25 de gener de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, es realitzarà un recorregut geològic que discorrerà en la seva totalitat per diferents indrets de la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre; i més concretament pels sectors corresponents a la seva Depressió Central. D´aquesta manera, tot el recorregut transitarà entre afloraments dels materials terciaris (de l´Oligocè) i quaternaris que reblen aquesta depressió. Com a tret fonamental, la totalitat del recorregut transitarà per la Conca Lignitífera de l´alta Segarra, situada íntegrament dintre de la Formació Tàrrega, de l´Oligocè. Per altra banda, la totalitat del recorregut transitarà per la comarca de l’Anoia (i més concretament per la seva subcomarca de l´Alta Segarra). Així, s´iniciarà als Prats de Rei, passant ben aviat per Calaf (la capital de la subcomarca i de la conca lignitífera). Malgrat això el recorregut finalitzarà a les Bases, situada actualment dintre de la comarca del Solsonès, tot i que forma part de la Conca Lignitífera de l´Alta Segarra i que en realitat pertany a la subcomarca.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i geoambiental per la comarca de l’Anoia: des de Jorba al Pla de Rubió, Rubió i a la Serra de Rubió
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 26 de gener de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, es realitzarà un recorregut geològic que discorrerà en la seva totalitat per diferents indrets de la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre; i més concretament pels sectors corresponents a la seva Depressió Central. D´aquesta manera, tot el recorregut transitarà entre afloraments dels materials terciaris (de l´Eocè i de l´Oligocè) i quaternaris que reblen aquesta depressió. Així, veurem inicialment els afloraments rogencs de la Formació Artés. Tot seguit trobarem els nivells de calcolutites grisenques i dels guixos de Clariana, de la mateixa formació anterior. Finalment, trobarem nivells detrítics, que també pertanyen a la Formació Artés. Per altra banda, la totalitat del recorregut transitarà per la comarca de l’Anoia, integrant de la Catalunya Central, de principi a fi, des de Jorba al Pla de Rubió, Rubió i la Serra de Rubió, per on finalitzarà aquest recorregut
Applying Open Researchers and Contributors ID in scholarly journals
Authors: Im Jeonghee
Published: March 2015

Open Researchers and Contributors ID (ORCID) launched its registry services in October 2012. Consequently, adding personal information to the ORCID registry became routine work for researchers. To add ORCID to an online article, the tag < contrib-id contrib-id-type = “orcid” > needs to be included in the Journal Article Tag Suite extensible markup language file, if such a file has been produced by the publisher. Subsequently, all co-authors’ ORCID can be easily and conveniently collected and then integrated into the manuscript management system. In the current age of information and the Internet, journals need to keep pace with the surge of new standards and technologies. Editors should be able to accept and apply these new systems rapidly.
El Anciano Alado Del Edificio K De Tula, Hidalgo
Authors: Bernal Stephen Castillo
Published: March 2015

En este trabajo se analiza una Iápida tolteca de reciente excavación en el Edificio K de Tula, Hidalgo, México. Dicho objeto muestra a un anciano ataviado con un traje en forma de mariposa, que porta un báculo curvo o chicoacolli, además de una probable fecha calendárica. Se documenta el contexto de aparición de la Iápida y se interpretan los motivos iconográficos mediante una comparación con otros materiales arqueológicos toltecas y con algunas fuentes históricas del period Colonial Temprano. Entre los antiguos mexicanos, la mariposa se vinculó con el complejo simbólico de guerra y fuego, por lo que se postula que el anciano alado puede relacionarse con poderes calóricos, con el dios Quetzalcóatl, patrono mítico de los toltecas, con una probable fecha de entronización, así como con la legitimidad de los primeros dignatarios de la antigua ciudad de Tula.
Dedication and Termination Rituals in Southern Moche Public Architecture
Authors: Velásquez Jorge Gamboa
Published: March 2015

This paper assesses a set of ideological practices related to the growth and abandonment of ceremonial and administrative buildings from the southern Moche area of the north coast of Peru. The archaeological record at Huacas de Moche, El Brujo, and Guadalupito, three of the main settlements in the region, includes evidence for the deposition and manipulation of animal and human bodies, burning, and the alteration of wall iconography. These activities took place in the period between A.D. 300-750, and were related to either the construction and renovation of structures or the abandonment of monumental built spaces. The analysis of this data contributes to a better understanding of Moche ritual dedicatory behavior, contextualizing it in a broader perspective on place making and the marking of time in precolumbian South America.
Traduire les textes juridiques dans un contexte de plurilinguisme officiel : quelle formation pour quelles compétences spécifiques ?
Authors: Dullion Valérie
Published: March 2015

Question fondamentale pour les systèmes plurilingues, la qualité de la traduction juridique est abordée ici sous l’angle non pas des aménagements institutionnels, mais des acteurs. Les spécificités des contextes de plurilinguisme officiel sont mises en relation avec la problématique de la compétence traductionnelle, de façon à tirer des conclusions applicables à la formation. Dans les systèmes plurilingues, la traduction juridique doit répondre à des exigences particulières liées à l’intertextualité, au statut du texte traduit, à la pluralité des destinataires et à l’institutionnalisation du processus. Ces exigences ont des implications sur plusieurs plans. À cet égard, l’article se réfère aux modèles généraux de compétence et à leur approfondissement interdisciplinaire dans la perspective de la traduction juridique. Il propose d’intégrer la question du plurilinguisme officiel dans un enseignement structuré autour des situations professionnelles, en mettant l’accent sur les aspects suivants : l’utilisation raisonnée des ressources documentaires ; l’acquisition de connaissances relatives au droit linguistique et au fonctionnement institutionnel ; la prévention des interférences et du jargon ; et le développement d’une capacité d’argumenter et d’interagir avec d’autres professionnels. Pour terminer, l’article illustre la singularité des divers contextes plurilingues. Il rejette l’idée selon laquelle ils représenteraient pour la traduction juridique une situation simplifiée, nécessitant des compétences purement techniques.
Ideology, Democracy and the Limits of Equilibrium: A Schumpeterian Critique
Authors: MEDEARIS JOHN
Published: July 2002

Joseph Schumpeter's elite conception of democracy has inspired many political scientists to use the tools of equilibrium analysis to model democracy. But Schumpeter devoted much of his career as an economist to critiquing and transcending the limitations of equilibrium models. In particular, he became convinced that the equilibrium models of neoclassical economics could not adequately capture innovation as a dynamic force at the heart of capitalism. A new use of Schumpeter's critique shows that equilibrium models of democracy are similarly limited in their ability to capture the innovative creation and deployment of democratic ideologies as a source of political dynamism.
SEED TREATMENT METHODS AND DURATION EFFECTS ON GERMINATION OF WILD SUNFLOWER
Authors: AKINOLA J. O. , LARBI A. , FARINU G. O. , ODUNSI A. A.
Published: July 2002

The effects were evaluated of six methods and six durations of seed treatment on the germination of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) seeds. The treatments were as follows: (1) hot water at 80 °C, (2) hot water at 100 °C, (3) oven-drying at 80 °C, (4) oven-drying at 100 °C, (5) immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid and (6) immersion in 10% hydrogen peroxide. The durations were 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Treatment with hot water at 80 or 100 °C for 11–14 min, and oven-drying at 100 °C for 20 min all resulted in more than 65% germination 10 d after treatment. Oven-drying at 80 °C, immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid and in 10% hydrogen peroxide resulted in less than 50% germination. Based on the higher cumulative germination, lower cost, and environmental concerns, hot water treatment at 80 or 100 °C for 11–15 min is recommended.
ASSESSING ADOPTION POTENTIAL OF NEW GROUNDNUT VARIETIES IN MALAWI
Authors: Freeman H. A. , van der Merwe P. J. A. , Subrahmanyam P. , Chiyembekeza A. J. , Kaguongo W.
Published: July 2002

Farmers hosted on-farm trials and demonstrations involving three new groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties in Malawi to assess their acceptability and adoption potential. Patterns of seed diffusion among trial farmers were examined as well as among non-trial farmers who were members of seed banks. The study showed that trial follow-up surveys provide a cost-effective approach for assessing early adoption and providing feedback to researchers. While useful, however, such studies are not an end in themselves. Rather they need to be perceived and designed as one of several studies that help researchers understand the complexity of farmers' adoption decisions.
A simple and low-cost method for leaf area measurement of detached leaves
Authors: Korva J. T. , Forbes G. A.
Published: July 2002

A technique for leaf area measurement utilizing water spray as an inexpensive
substitute for electronic equipment was developed and tested with leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The leaf areas measured by the spray method were highly correlated with those measured by an electronic area meter. Measurements of leaf area obtained by the spray method were significantly more highly correlated with those
obtained by the area meter than were the measurements of dry weights. The main advantages of the new method are precision, accuracy and immediate results at a low cost.
A general mixture model approach for mapping quantitative
trait loci from diverse cross designs involving multiple inbred lines
Authors: LIU YUEFU , ZENG ZHAO-BANG
Published: July 2002

Most current statistical methods developed for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) based on
inbred line designs apply to crosses from two inbred lines. Analysis of QTL in these crosses is
restricted by the parental genetic differences between lines. Crosses from multiple inbred lines or
multiple families are common in plant and animal breeding programmes, and can be used to
increase the efficiency of a QTL mapping study. A general statistical method using mixture model
procedures and the EM algorithm is developed for mapping QTL from various cross designs of
multiple inbred lines. The general procedure features three cross design matrices, W, that define
the contribution of parental lines to a particular cross and a genetic design matrix, D, that specifies
the genetic model used in multiple line crosses. By appropriately specifying W matrices, the
statistical method can be applied to various cross designs, such as diallel, factorial, cyclic, parallel
or arbitrary-pattern cross designs with two or multiple parental lines. Also, with appropriate
specification for the D matrix, the method can be used to analyse different kinds of cross
populations, such as F2 backcross, four-way cross and mixed crosses (e.g. combining backcross
and F2). Simulation studies were conducted to explore the properties of the method, and confirmed
its applicability to diverse experimental designs.
A multilocus view of speciation in the
Drosophila virilis species group reveals complex
histories and taxonomic conflicts
Authors: HILTON HOLLY , HEY JODY
Published: July 2002

The historical population genetic processes associated
with the divergence of members of the
Drosophila virilis species group were examined
using DNA sequence variation from two loci. New
data on DNA sequence variation from the oskar locus,
taken from within and among all five
closely related taxa in the virilis phylad of the
D. virilis species group, were examined and
compared with similar data previously collected from the
period locus. Overall, the oskar and
period data sets reveal similar patterns of variation.
Both loci support the conclusion that the two
subspecies of D. americana have had a large
historical population size and are exchanging genes in
nature. From these data there is little reason to consider
them as distinct taxa. In the case of D.
novamexicana, from which six lines were sequenced at
each locus, there is an intriguing difference
in the pattern seen at the two loci. Both loci reveal two
distinct groups that are considerably
divergent from each other, with very little evidence of
gene flow between them. However, the
grouping of lines into distinct subgroups based on
oskar is different from the grouping based on
period. The simplest explanation seems to be that
D. novamexicana includes two distinct species,
and that the sample of six lines happens to include cases
of recent gene exchange. Alternatively,
both oskar and period could be
linked to sites of strong balancing selection and limited
recombination.
On the number of reproductives contributing to a half-sib progeny array
Authors: DEWOODY J. ANDREW , DEWOODY YSSA D. , FIUMERA ANTHONY C. , AVISE JOHN C.
Published: July 2002

We address various statistical aspects of biological parentage in multi-offspring broods that arise
via multiple paternity or multiple maternity and, hence, consist of mixtures of full- and half-sibs.
Conditioned on population genetic parameters, computer simulations described herein permit
estimation of: (1) the mean number of offspring needed to detect all parental gametes in a brood
and (2) the relationship between the number of distinct parental gametes found in a brood and the
number of parents. Results are relevant to the design of empirical studies employing molecular
markers to assess genetic parentage in polygynous or polyandrous species with large broods, such
as are found in many fishes, amphibians, insects, plants and other groups. The utility of this
approach is illustrated using two empirical data sets.
Quantitative genetic variation of leaf size and shape in a
mixed diploid and triploid population of Populus
Authors: WU R. L.
Published: July 2002

In the interspecific cross of Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides, unexpected simultaneous occurrence
of diploid hybrids and triploid hybrids (with two alleles from the female parent and one from the
male parent at each locus) led us to examine the evolutionary genetic significance of this
phenomenon. As expected, leaf size and shape of the triploid progeny are closer to the female P.
trichocarpa than male P. deltoides parent. Although the pure triploid progeny population did not
have higher genetic variance in leaf traits than the pure diploid population, the former appears to
hide much non-additive genetic variance and display strong genetic control over the phenotypic
plasticity of leaf traits. It is suggested that the cryptic non-additive variance, especially epistasis,
can be released when a population is disturbed by changes in the environment. A mixed diploid
and triploid progeny population combines phenotypic and genetic characteristics of both pure
hybrids and is considered to be of adaptive significance for poplars to survive and evolve in a
fluctuating environment. The significant effect due to general and specific combining ability
differences at the population level suggests that the population divergence of these two species is
under additive and non-additive genetic control.
Genome complexity and organization in the red imported
fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren
Authors: LI JIANBO , HEINZ KEVIN M.
Published: July 2002

The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta is the most destructive invading arthropod in the
southern United States, yet little is known about its genome complexity and organization. Here we
report the size, organization and GC content of S. invicta genome. DNA reassociation kinetics
using S1 nuclease assay and a modified second-order kinetics model indicated that the S. invicta
genome is approximately 0·62 picograms or 5·91 × 108 base pairs, composed of 36% unique, 41%
moderately repetitive and 23% highly repetitive/foldback sequences. Comparison of the
reassociation kinetics of short and long DNA fragments revealed that the sequence arrangement
follows a pattern of short period interspersion, as in most organisms with relatively large genomes.
Melting-temperature analysis showed that the GC content of the fire ant genomic DNA is 34·8%,
similar to that of most eukaryotic organisms. The results reveal that the fire ant genome is much
larger and more complex than those of a number of hymenopteran insects studied to date. Our
study provides a foundation for further analysis and genetic manipulation of the S. invicta
genome.
First trematosaurid temnospondyl from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa and its biostratigraphic implications
Authors: DAMIANI ROSS , NEVELING JOHANN , HANCOX JOHN , RUBIDGE BRUCE
Published: July 2002

A large temnospondyl mandible from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone (Early Triassic) of
South Africa is referred to the higher-level taxon Trematosauridae. The mandible is remarkably similar
to that described for Trematosaurus from the Middle Buntsandstein of Germany, a genus closely
related to the South African Trematosuchus, for which the mandible is unknown. However, the
mandible cannot be referred unequivocally to either of these taxa. Trematosuchus is considered to be
restricted to the lowermost subzone of the overlying Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, which, based
principally on the temnospondyl and therapsid fauna, is considered to be of Upper Olenekian age.
The mandible described here extends back the range of the Trematosauridae to the underlying
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone and argues against the long-held notion of a sharp palaeontological
break between the faunas of the Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus Assemblage zones. It also supports the
hypothesis that the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone extended up to the Upper Olenekian.
RAPID COMMUNICATION Evolutionary response by bivalves to changing Phanerozoic
sea-water chemistry
Authors: HARPER E. M. , PALMER T. J. , ALPHEY J. R.
Published: July 2002

Sedimentological evidence suggests that sea-water chemistry
has oscillated between ‘Aragonite’ and ‘Calcite’
seas during the
course of Phanerozoic time. During ‘Calcite’ sea periods aragonite
was soluble and dissolved on the sea-floor. Here we propose,
using a survey of familial diversity, that during times of
such corrosive seas bivalved molluscs which secreted their
shells entirely of aragonite were at a selective disadvantage
compared to those with calcitic outer shell layers. This is the
first case in which it has been suggested that there was a
dynamic link between sea-water chemistry and the evolution of
a particular taxon throughout Phanerozoic time.
The ammonite sequence in the Agrio Formation

(Lower Cretaceous), Neuquén Basin, Argentina
Authors: AGUIRRE URRETA MARIA B. , RAWSON PETER F.
Published: July 2002

The Agrio Formation of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina,

contains an extensive sequence of

ammonite faunas, most of which are monogeneric. Detailed collecting

through 15 sections across the basin

has facilitated a major revision of the ammonite zonation. Formerly

embracing four broad zones, the Agrio

Formation is now divided into nine zones, the lowest four of which

are divided into a total of 11 subzones.

The new zonation provides a standard against which other South

American faunas can be compared. The

degree of subdivision now achieved is comparable to that for the

‘standard’ sequences of the West

Mediterranean region. Although it is not possible to correlate the

two regions in detail, the occurrence of

some widely distributed genera (Olcostephanus,

Karakaschiceras, Oosterella, Spitidiscus and

Crioceratites) at well-defined levels in the Neuquén

Basin provides some crucial links. Thus the approximate

positions of the Lower/Upper Valanginian, Valanginian/Hauterivian

and Lower/Upper Hauterivian boundaries can be determined.