bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolving dynamics of E-learning in dental education in the post-COVID-19 era: Insights from the Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Authors: Patil Mithileshwari Bajirao , Ahire Manisha Sardar , Tupkari Jagdish , Maraimalai Nivedhitha
Published: December 2024

Background:

Over the past decade, technological advancements, particularly in information and communication technology, have significantly impacted education. Due to this change, modern e-learning techniques must be used in dental education, albeit adoption is still uneven, particularly in India.

Aim:

In the urban districts of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai, this study sought to evaluate dentistry students’ opinions of online education. In particular, it aimed to determine the most popular resources, useful applications, and difficult problems encountered in virtual lectures. It also investigated the influence of video lectures, the inclination toward clinical posts, and the perceived level of interaction between virtual learning and conventional class settings.

Methodology:

Ethical approval was obtained, and a structured questionnaire comprising 19 questions was developed. Undergraduate dental students from seven colleges in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai participated. The digital questionnaire was distributed via E-mail and WhatsApp, with informed consent obtained for voluntary participation. Descriptive statistics were utilized for data analysis.

Results:

The study gathered 500 responses from dental students aged 18–24 years. Key findings revealed the prevalence of mobile devices, particularly those equipped with earphones, as the primary resource for e-learning. Zoom emerged as the favored online class platform. Challenges identified included background disturbances and content comprehension issues. Furthermore, there was a preference for visual case presentations and a strong inclination toward offline clinical postings, indicating pedagogical preferences.

Conclusion:

This study offers valuable insights into the dynamics of e-learning among dental students in metropolitan areas. It highlights the adaptability of students to digital platforms, with mobile phones being the predominant device for online lectures. Identified challenges call for potential solutions, while the observed pedagogical shifts emphasize the importance of balancing online and offline components in dental education.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of blue M active oxygen gel and Coe-Pack dressing on postoperative surgical depigmentation healing: A clinical study
Authors: Sharma Tusharika , Deshpande Neeraj , Shah Monali , Jha Rashmi
Published: December 2024

Background:

The substantial saturation of the gingiva poses a significant esthetic issue for multiple individuals. Melanin saturation arises from melanin located within the gingival epithelium. Even though surgical depigmentation using a scalpel remains the favored system for managing gingiva pigmentation, it affects open wounds requiring specific dressing and management.

Aim:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Coe-Pack dressing and BlueM active oxygen gel in reducing pain after surgical depigmentation and evaluating gingival healing.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-four nonsmoking individuals aged 20–38 years with physiologic gingival pigmentation index III and IV according to the Dummett–Gupta Oral Pigmentation index were enrolled in this split-mouth randomized clinical trial. These individuals were selected for an esthetic treatment for gingival hyperpigmentation of the gingiva. After depigmentation with a scalpel, the maxilla and mandible were separated to admit either BlueM gel or Coe-Pack as a dressing. A 1-week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks long follow-up period was observed, and indices, including the Dummet–Gupta Oral Pigmentation Index and re-epithelization index using toluidine blue dye, were evaluated and the Visual Analog Scale Pain index was also evaluated at 2 h, 24 h, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days follow-up period.

Results:

In total, 34 surgical sites were covered in this investigation. The pain indicator showed statistically significant variations from 1 day to 5 days later. After 3 weeks, the reepithelization index showed an advanced meaningful difference in the BlueM gel group.

Conclusion:

BlueM gel’s pain reduction, wound healing acceleration, and postoperative reepithelization make it a viable choice for the Coe-Pack dressing following gingival depigmentation.
Investigating the Impact of a Comprehensive Writing Feedback Guide on Enhancing Learner Autonomy
Authors: Neiroukh Shadha , Pathippallil Mathew Binu , Ghorbanpoor Mohsen
Published: December 2024

This research set out to test the efficiency of a comprehensive writing correction guide (CWCG) for EFL students at the Preparatory Studies Centre of the University of Technology and Applied Sciences – Al Mussanah in Oman. The limitation of correction codes is that it only provides linguistic feedback, whereas the CWCG provides feedback on linguistic and organizational aspects of writing along with an explanation of how to correct the errors. The central aim was to discover whether the CWCG had an impact on learner writing proficiency. To do so, a mixed method approach was used. Quantitative data was gathered using final exam writing results and student and teacher surveys. Qualitative data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. The findings presented a significant difference in exam results of students using the CWCG for technical writing and it also showed improvement in exam results for essay writing. Though student responses showed no difference in attitude, results showed that the teachers observed high learner autonomy. Ultimately, stakeholders can benefit from using the CWCG as it can help improve student writing and increase learner autonomy. This study recommends creating innovative AI solutions using the writing elements in the CWCG and mapping them with assessment criteria to get closer to the possibility of accurate AI grading.
Regulatory Dilemmas Around Social Media
Authors: Skrzypczak Jędrzej
Published: December 2024

This chapter aims to answer whether there is a need, or even a necessity, for legal regulation of social media today. It is also necessary to analyse by what methods (whether ‘hard’ regulation is necessary or whether self-regulatory solutions are sufficient) and at what level (national, regional, international) such regulation should be introduced in order to, on the one hand, ensure the effectiveness of such solutions, given the specificity of social media functioning, and, on the other hand, respect freedom of speech. While today there is no doubt that some regulation of social media is necessary, one should call for it to be done with great caution. Furthermore, this is true both in terms of the scope of such regulation and the method and reach. In considering the need for appropriate regulation in this area, it is argued that the temptation to regulate the activities of such platforms may lead to a restriction of freedom of expression, with the measures adopted serving to censorship and restrict public debate.
Content Blocking in Light of the Polish Broadcasting Act and the Digital Services Act (DSA) – Comments on the Mutual Relationship of the Acts
Authors: Tylec Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the legal regulations: Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and Council (Digital Services Act) of October 19, 2022, and the Polish Broadcasting Act in its version amended on August 11, 2021, which introduced changes implementing the provisions of Directive 2010/13/EU on audiovisual media services. This comparison was made because reading of these legal acts may lead to the conclusion that the provisions of these different legal instruments overlap and regulate the same matter, namely the activities of online platforms and video platforms providing intermediary internet services. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between these legal regulations and establish their mutual relationship. The main conclusion from the analysis is that, despite the fact that the Directive on audiovisual media services, along with the Polish Broadcasting Act constitutes lex specialis in relation to the Digital Services Act, in practice, the latter will largely shape the functioning of modern internet media and will do so on the same terms for all EU countries.
Proinflammatory cytokines, chemokine CXCL17 and heat shock proteins in osteoarthritis of the knee joint
Authors: Plekhova N. G. , Kabalyk M. A. , Prosekova E. V. , Shumatov V. B.
Published: December 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA), a common multifactorial disease of musculoskeletal system, is one of the leading causes of disability in the population. One of the most important pathogenetic factors of OA is a shift of cytokine profile towards pro-inflammatory state. Their increased levels lead to dysfunction of cartilage tissue cells with its damage. Purpose of the present study was to evaluate diagnostic significance of the most important cytokine and chemokine levels involved in pathogenesis of OA.
The study involved 50 patients undergoing inpatient treatment at the “Hospital for War Veterans” (Vladivostok) with an established OA of the knee joints. The following mediators involved in the development of inflammation have been determined: interleukins IL-1â, IL-6, chemokine CXCL17, tumor necrosis factor TNFá and heat shock proteins HSP27, HSP70 in blood serum of patients being analyzed by ELISA test systems. It has been shown that the levels of interleukins IL-1â and IL-6, TNFá and CXCL17 in patients with OA exceeded those for healthy individuals. The levels of cytokines IL- 1â, IL-6, chemokine CXCL17 and TNFá in blood serum of OA patients were 7.4 (6.4-8.9), 33.7 (26.5-68.4); 33.8 (29.8- 61.0) and 6.5 (4.94-8.59) pg/ml, respectively, thus significantly exceeding the values for healthy person s (1.3 (1.2-1.4), 5.8 (4.2-6.3), 24.9 (19, 1-29.9) and 2.7 (2.1-3.1) pg/ml, p 0.05). In OA patients, the concentration of TNFá had a direct relationship with the chemokine CXCL17 (r = 0.83, p 0.05). The concentrations of heat shock proteins HSP27, HSP70 and their ratio were significantly lower in patients with OA compared to the control group (respectively: z = -3.06, p = 0.002; z = -4.41, p = 0.00001; z = -2.05, p = 0.04), thus allowing us to suggest the tolerance of chondrocytes to the influence of cytokines. At the same time, the concentration of HSP70 decreased as the disease progressed, while the level of HSP27 did not change significantly. Thus, determining the level of systemic intercellular mediators enables usage of these indexes as potential biochemical markers for predicting severity of the disease and assessing their fundamental role in pathogenesis of knee OA.
Dynamics of VEGF and TGF-β indices in lacrimal fluid as a predictor of corneal transplant rejection
Authors: Bystrov A. M. , Kuznetzov A. A.
Published: December 2024

Graft rejection is the most common cause of corneal transplant failure. Despite the fact that the cornea is an immunoprivileged organ, corneal transplant rejection is still a pressing problem. Vascularization plays one of the key roles in triggering corneal transplant rejection. Depending on the condition of the recipient’s tissue bed, keratoplasty may be classified into “high-risk” and “low-risk” rejection. In the first case, the mechanisms of immune privilege and tolerance are disturbed. In the case of “low-risk” keratoplasty, transplantation occurs at avascular and non-inflamed bed, which is a more favorable prognostic option. The aim of our study was to evaluate the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor â (TGF- â) in the tear fluid of patients before and after penetrating keratoplasty.
42 patients (84 eyes) participated in the study, including 28 women (61.54%) and 14 men (38.46%) aged from 31 to 65 years, the average age was 53.1±4.38 years. Patients were divided into “high-risk” and “low-risk” groups depending on their medical history and objective clinical pattern. The levels of cytokines in the tear fluid were determined using a multiplex analysis on a Luminex Magpix 100 immunoanalyzer (USA) using a Bio-Rad multiplex analysis test system (USA) over time before surgical treatment and after 1 and 6 months of the postoperative period.
The study showed an increased concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor and, conversely, a decrease in the concentration of transforming growth factor â in patients at high risk. The opposite picture, if compared to the indices of healthy controls, was observed in patients from the “low-risk” group, where low background concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and high levels of transforming growth factor â were determined. This finding suggests preservation of immune tolerance at the internal media of the eye, maintaining a balance of neovascularization, thus being associated with low risk of graft rejection.
The risks of more frequent corneal transplant rejection as the concentration of immunosuppressive factors (e.g., TGF) decreases, and, vice versa, the risks increase with changing levels of vasoform cytokines that promote corneal neovascularization.
Indexes of systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic stroke with effective blood flow: a dynamic observation
Authors: Solomatina L. V. , Bochkarev P. Y. , Beresneva N. S. , Zudova A. I. , Gusev E. Y.
Published: December 2024

Increasing evidence suggests that stroke is a systemic disease affecting multiple organs. Systemic inflammatory response and immune dysregulation associated with hemorrhagic stroke, may play an important role in brain injury, its recovery, and stroke outcomes. However, it is worth of note that, from our point of view, the classical concepts about inflammation in pathophysiology and general pathology do not entirely meet the needs of modern medical practice. The existence of this problem is also typical for assessing pathogenesis, as well as for optimizing pathogenetic therapy of severe strokes. Therefore, within the framework of this work, a dynamic observation and assessment of pathogenesis in severe intracerebral hemorrhage was carried out using the criteria of a systemic inflammation scale. The study included patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and effective cerebral blood flow. Blood sampling was carried out on days 1-3 and 5-7 after clinical manifestation of intracerebral hemorrhage. To determine markers of systemic inflammation in the blood plasma of patients, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFá, procalcitonin, cortisol, myoglobin, troponin I and D-dimers were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to confirm the normal data distribution. Further comparison of quantitative data was carried out using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test for paired comparisons. All results were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. In patients on days 1-3 and 5-7, statistically significant differences were not observed in almost all studied markers of systemic inflammation, except for IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-á. Such increased contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines may indicate increased systemic inflammation over time in the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and effective cerebral blood flow. Hence, the condition of such patients may worsen on days 5-7 after manifestations of intracerebral hemorrhage, thus requiring more careful monitoring of patients’ blood counts and therapy aimed at suppression of increasing inflammation.
Сontents of neuroimmunovascular factors and the state of microcirculation of bulbar conjunctiva in post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans of modern combat conflicts
Authors: Pashnin S. L. , Davydova E. V. , Altman D. S.
Published: December 2024

Chronic exposure to multimodal stress, e.g., allostatic overload leads to dysadaptive response of various organs and triggers pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to development of post-stress disorders in veterans of modern military conflicts. Brain is a key stress response organ, and sustained matching of blood flow to metabolic demands of the brain is ensured by signaling mechanisms of neuroimmunovascular interaction. The purpose of the study was to assess the contents of humoral neuroimmunovascular factors, and the state of microcirculation at the ocular bulbar conjunctiva in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans of modern military conflicts. Materials and methods: 35 veterans of a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine with a documented diagnosis of PTSD (ICD-10: F43.1; ICD-11: 6B40) aged from 25 to 60 years particioated in the study. Biomicroscopy of the ocular bulbar conjunction was performed using a slit lamp SLR 100 (K. Zeiss, Germany). The levels of following vasoactive factors were determined in blood by ELISA method: vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF (eBioscience test system, BenderMedSystems, Austria); endothelin-1 (BioMedica, Austria). The concentration of nitrites was determined by Gries reaction using the technique of N. Emchenko. The blood cytokine profile was studied with a Luminex Magpix 100 immunoanalyzer (USA), using Bio-Plex multiplex test system (MERZ, Germany), in order to determine IL-6, TNFá. The data were evaluated with SPSS program. Results and discussion: a study of blood microcirculation at the bulbar conjunctiva of veterans with PTSD revealed the predominance of spastic-atonic changes, mainly due to the capillary-venular component, emergence of arterial-venous anastomoses, aneurysms contributing to increase of hypoxic-ischemic changes in brain tissue, dystrophic changes, reduction of cerebral blood flow, being a consequence of vascular remodeling and neovascularization. There is an imbalance of vasoactive molecules in blood, with predominance of vasoconstriction effects associated with increased levels of endothelin-1, a vascular endothelial growth factor along with decreased concentrations of nitrite ions. We have shown increased systemic circulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFá which may promote neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic processes in brain tissue. Conclusion. Development of neurocognitive post-stress disorders occurs in presence of accumulating “allostatic cargo”, being accompanied by maladaptive changes in the microcirculation of brain tissue along with disturbances in angioarchitecture, imbalance of vasoactive molecules, and increased contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Isolation of colony-forming cells from human blood and evaluation of population purity by flow cytometry
Authors: Torgunakova E. A. , Matveeva V. G. , Antonova L. V.
Published: December 2024

Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) represent a rare population of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which is of interest for tissue engineering, cell therapy, and studying diseorders associated with endothelial dysfunction. Advances in this field imply isolation and pure culturing of endothelial colony-forming cells, which may be obtained from the mononuclear fraction of human peripheral blood. Flow cytometry may provide rather accurate phenotyping and checking purity of the cell cultures. The aim of this study was to obtain a population of colony-forming endothelial cells evaluated by flow cytometry in order to confirm the phenotype and assess the purity of the cell populations. Heparinized donor blood from peripheral vein was used to obtain ECFCs. The mononuclear cell fraction was isolated on a Histopaque 1077 density gradient. The obtained cells were cultured in complete nutrient medium EGM-2 MV with 5% FBS. On the 11th, 15th and 18th days of culture, the cells were detached with trypsin. Some cell aliquots were taken for flow cytometry, and the remaining cells were transferred to a plate for further cultivation until 70% confluency was reached. The phenotype of colonies obtained was evaluated by flow cytometry. Sample preparation of whole peripheral blood, mononuclear fraction and cell culture was performed using two panels of fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Colony growth was visually evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed using the applied program package “Statistica 6.0”. Up to 9 days, the cell colonies were not detectable visually. During further cultivation, the proliferating colonies of the “cobblestone” type were formed. Two populations were detected by flow cytometry: CD45+ and CD45-. In the course of our study, it was revealed that, with increasing cultivation terms, a decrease of CD45+ population was observed, along with progressive increase of CD45- cells, which may be associated with the gradual displacement of hematopoiesis cells by endothelial colony-forming cells. As a result of our study, the detected CD45+ population had a phenotype of hematopoietic lineage cells, whereas the CD45- population exhibited endothelial phenotype: CD31+CD309+vWF+CD146+. By 18 days, the purity of culture reached 97.6%.
Sequential vaccination against influenza and COVID-19, and innate immunity indexes: efficiency aspects
Authors: Li Y. A. , Dmitrachenko M. N. , Markelova E. V. , Kostinov M. P. , Korolev I. B. , Kovalchuk V. K. , Yamilova O. Y. , Nemtseva Irina Y.
Published: December 2024

Evaluation of cytokine dynamics during vaccination is an important aspect in assessing the vaccine preventive efficiency and personalized approach to combined vaccination. Our aim was to study the impact of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination on innate immunity in young patients by assessing the time-related changes of cytokine profile.
The study group included 76 young adults of 19 years old. The cytokine contents were studied in venous blood sera by enzyme immunoassay. The first series of blood samples was taken before influenza vaccination; the second sampling was performed 1 month after influenza vaccination and before COVID-19 vaccination; the third series was carried out 1 month after COVID-19 vaccination and 2 months after influenza vaccination. The results were processed by Statistica-10 and SPSS v. 20 software. The vaccinated persons were monitored for 6 months after vaccination.
IL-8, IL-17 levels before vaccination were above normal in 100% of subjects; IL-6, in 76% of cases. IL- 1â, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were under normal levels in more than 50% of cases. After influenza vaccination, a significant decrease in cytokine levels was observed: IL-1â comtet was below normal values in 89%; IL-4, in 100% of cases, as well as IL-6 (in 79%), IL-8 (in 74%), IL-10 (in 89%), IFNã (in 63%), TNFá (in 76%), and only IL-17 was within normal ranges in 72% of cases. After vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza, a more rapid decrease in cytokine levels was observed: IL-1â was below baseline values in 95%, IL-6, IL-8, IFNã and TNFá were reduced in 100%; IL-10, in 90% of cases, along with normalization of anti-inflammatory IL-4 cytokine. Despite a significant decrease of the indexes, we revealed multiple strong multidirectional correlations between the cytokine contents, being especially significant between IL-1â, IL-6, and IL-8. During 6-mo observation after vaccination, two cases of COVID-19 (2.6%) were documented and confirmed by PCR test. No influenza cases have been detected over this period.
At the begining of the study, a favorable cytokine background for effective vaccination was observed. After vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza, a decrease of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels was recorded, and strong correlations were found, thus suggesting an increase in the immune response following vaccination. The changes of IL-1â, IL-6, IL-8 were most remarkable at all stages of vaccination.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ЦІННІСНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ: ОСВІТА В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Beskorsa Viktoria , Никуленко Светлана
Published: December 2024

У статті обґрунтовано необхідність застосування ціннісно-орієнтованих підходів щодо формування загальних фахових компетентностей майбутніх педагогів як основи сталої професійної освіти не лише в умовах воєнного стану, а й у повоєнні часи, зокрема у контексті євроінтеграційних освітніх процесів. Актуалізовано питання зміни певних векторів едукації через збій в системі освіти по причині воєнного стану. Проаналізовано окремі положення, угоди про асоціацію ЄС, що стосуються питань культури, освіти й навчання, зокрема співробітництва у сфері спорту та фізичної культури та питань євроінтеграції освіти загалом. Окреслено сучасний стан і перспектив повоєнного розвиту. Розглянуто певні особливості роботи у дистанційному режимі з метою не лише підтримки освітньо-виховного процесу, а й збереження та розвитку фізичного здоров’я здобувачів освіти різних рівнів, підвищення рівня обізнаності з культурно-мистецьких питань. Автори зазначають, що під час підготовки майбутніх педагогів перевага має надаватися видам фізичної активності, що не вимагають великих приміщень та дорогого обладнання для занять і можуть проводитися з людьми різного віку. З метою підвищення рівня засвоєння знань у культурологічній галузі, набутих навичок і вмінь, наведено прийоми та методи, використання яких має підвищити якість сприймання навчального матеріалу. Наголошено на необхідності посилення візуалізації лекційного/семінарського матеріалу та використанні пояснювально-ілюстративного методу під час викладання освітніх компонентів циклу гуманітарних дисциплін.
Ключові слова: освітній процес, ціннісно-орієнтований підхід, освіта для сталого розвитку, спорт заради розвитку, цікава фізкультура, перезавантаження.
PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF FORMING INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE STYLE OF THE FUTURE TEACHER-MUSICIAN
Authors: Шумська Ольга
Published: December 2024

The relevance of this work is determined by the objective need of society in search of new approaches to organization of professional and performance training of the future music teacher. We have shown that, in addition to the professional and pedagogical aspect, there is also another important component in the future music teachers’ training, namely the psychological aspect. The individual style of the musician’s activity is determined by the typological features of his/her nervous system. Virtuosity is associated with auditory-spatial associations and auditory-motor coordination. Virtuosity accompanies musical activity, and the control center for fast and accurate playing is in the musician’s mind. The teacher should draw the students’ attention to the musicality of movements, their initial tuning to auditory images. This allows you to instantly correct shortcomings in the performance technique. It is also important to properly tune the student before performing at a concert. This aspect includes improving musical and professional training and psychological preparation.The individual performance style of the musician is also created by a high level of working capacity, motivation, self-discipline and self-regulation. This requires the teacher of musical disciplines to take into account the peculiarities of the future professional musician’s psyche, to focus on the individual and typological styles of the student’s performance. The variable nature of musical interpretation allows the teacher to choose the optimal ratio between style, professionally important qualities and requirements of musical performance. Such a ratio should become the basis of musical training of the future music teacher.
INVESTIGATION OF WEAR BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE CYSZ COATING UNDER DIFFERENT LOADS
Authors: Avcı Ali , Karabas Muhammet
Published: December 2024

In this study, CeO2-Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (CYSZ) ceramic coatings, with Al2O3 and TiO2 added, were deposited on bond layer coated AISI304 stainless steel substrates by plasma spraying method. The effect of Al2O3 and TiO2 additions on the wear behavior of CYSZ coating was investigated. An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of incorporating aluminum oxides (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide into YSZ coating on its wear characteristics. Prior to conducting the wear test, the coatings underwent sanding and polishing procedures to verify that the average surface roughness was below 0.2 µm. A pin-on-disk device was subjected to wear testing in accordance with ASTM G99-04, with a rotational speed of 30 mms-1. The testing was conducted under dry conditions, with a minimum of 8000 cycles. The wear test utilised varied loads of 4N and 8N, with 6 mm diameter Al2O3 balls. After conducting the coating and wear tests, the surface properties and wear characteristics of the coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The wear rate of the samples was assessed using mechanical profilometry. The microhardness of the materials was assessed using Micro Vickers testing equipment. The compounds added into CYSZ caused an increase in the hardness value. The results demonstrated that the addition of Al2O3 to cerium-yttria stabilized zirconia (CYSZ) resulted in enhanced wear resistance, while the addition of TiO2 significantly reduced wear resistance.
Assessment of the impact of MoCA-Ina (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesia version) scores on depression, burden, and knowledge in dementia caregivers
Authors: Utami Pinasti , Ikawati Zullies , Rahmawati Fita , Astuti
Published: December 2024

Background: Dementia patients necessitate intensive care, often imposing a substantial burden on caregivers. With the rising global prevalence of dementia, it becomes crucial to elucidate the determinants that influence caregiver stress and overall well-being.
Objective: This research mainly aimed to examine the impact of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Ver. Indonesia (MoCA-Ina) score on the stress scale, life burden, and knowledge level among caregivers of dementia patients.
Method: Observational research was conducted at Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta's Memory Clinic between March and May 2023. The study involved dementia patients who met specific criteria. Caregivers completed questionnaires, including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS). The data was analysed using the Spearman correlation test.
Result: The research findings from 47 participants showed that the majority of caregivers were male (55.3%), university-educated (38.3%), family members (42.5%), spent over six hours per day with the patient (63.8%), and cared for the patient for varying durations. Caregiver stress scale scores indicated mild depression, mild-moderate burden, good knowledge level, and severe cognitive impairment. The Spearman test found no significant correlation between the cognitive impairment score and caregiver stress, burden, or knowledge level.
Conclusion: MoCA-INA score in patients with dementia did not affect the caregiver's stress scale, caregiver burden, or knowledge levels.
Antioxidant and anti hyperalgesia activity of ethanol extract and fraction from red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) in early painful diabetic neuropathy mice
Authors: Fajrin Fifteen Aprila , Putri Tsulsiyah Zahroh , Amilin Zumatul , Pratoko Dwi Koko
Published: December 2024

Background: Gingerol and shogaol are two major bio-components of Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum (red ginger) has been widely reported as an antioxidant crucial in painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN).
Objective: Determines the activity of the ethanolic extract of red ginger rhizome and its fraction by in vitro antioxidant and the in vivo study in PDN mice.
Method: Red ginger was extracted using ethanol and fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The antioxidant was tested using DPPH and CUPRAC. Diabetes was induced using alloxan 225 mg/kg BW ip in male BALB/c mice. After 14 days, mice were randomly divided into normal, diabetic, ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction on the same dose of 400 mg/kg BW, metformin (200 mg/kg BW), and gabapentin (100 mg/kg BW). Treatments were given orally, once daily, for 21 days. Latency time and blood glucose levels were measured every week. Histology of the spinal cord was analysed using Hematoxylin-eosin staining.
Result: The ethyl acetate fraction had the best antioxidant activity using DPPH (IC50 13.93 ± 0.06) and CUPRAC (IC50 4.07 ± 0.06). This fraction showed the most potent ability to decrease BGL (69.78 ± 18.36%), same as metformin, and hyperalgesia (59.34 ± 7.90%) better than gabapentin. This treatment repaired the spinal cord by reducing the number of inflammatory cells and neuron degeneration in PDN mice.
Conclusion: The EERG of 400 mg/kg BW significantly affects arthritis-induced hyperalgesia.
The effect of acute toxicity test of red dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extract on body weight and organ index of Wistar rats
Authors: Rizkifani Shoma , Wahdaningsih Sri , Untari Eka Kartika
Published: December 2024

Background: Indonesian plant-based products are potential natural resources that can be developed as raw medicine materials, including dragon fruit peel extract. The peel of dragon fruit contains such high levels of antioxidants. The safety of dragon fruit plant-based products must be ensured by an acute toxicity test.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between dose and toxicity in acute oral administration of dragon fruit plant-based products on the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidney organ index.
Method: Each six male and six female with a total of 24 rats were divided into four test groups, i.e., control group, 1250 mg/kgBW; 2500 mg/kgBW; and 5000 mg/kgBW. A single-dose test was given, and effect observation continued for 14 days.  Body weight and organ index between male and female rats were compared statistically by the Independent T-test at a 95% confidence level.
Result: There were no animal deaths during the test, thus the LD50 value of dragon fruit peel extract was > 5000 mg/kgBW. In general, there was an increase in the body weight of animals. There was no significant difference in body weight among test groups in male (p 0.429 > 0.05) and female rats (p 0.721 < 0.05). There was also no statistical difference in organ index between the test and control groups (p > 0.05). The animals’ behaviours were also still normal manner.
Conclusion: The extract was practically non-toxic in acute treatment. The organs and the behaviour were not altered by the extract.
Factors affecting self-care behaviours of ulcer prevention and glycemic control among diabetes mellitus patients at type A hospital in Yogyakarta
Authors: Untari Eka Kartika , Andayani Tri Murti , Yasin Nanang Munif , Asdie Rizka Humardewayanti
Published: December 2024

Background: One of the most detrimental complications of diabetic foot ulcers is largely influenced by glucose levels. To prevent diabetes-related complications and injuries, diabetic patients have to possess all the knowledge and behaviours required to perform regular self-care.
Objective: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the behaviour of diabetic patients to prevent diabetic foot ulcers.
Method: The study design was a cross-sectional survey of 57 outpatients with all criteria. The self-care knowledge and behaviour were measured by filling out questionnaires. A chi-square statistical test and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the magnitude of the predictor variables in behaviour and glycemic control. Moreover, difference tests were performed to assess differences between groups according to the level of behaviour.
Result: Out of 57 participants, 29 patients were having poor self-care behaviour. Of the 28 patients with uncontrolled glycemic, 12 had poor behaviour. The knowledge scores between poor and moderate behaviour showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.046). Knowledge had a 2-fold impact on behaviour (p = 0.025). Additionally, the type (p = 0.011) and the number (p = 0.040) of anti-diabetic medications in prescriptions affected glycemic control.
Conclusion: Knowledge and behaviour of foot self-care and glycemic control are the key preventive factors.
Saber singular plural. La Universidad, las Humanidades y la naturaleza interdisciplinar de los saberes
Authors: Grassi Martín
Published: December 2024

La Universidad es el espacio en el que los diversos saberes pueden reconocerse como participantes de un mismo proceso de conocimiento. La naturaleza fronteriza de la Universidad la lleva a ubicarse en el cruce de intereses nacionales y de una vocación universal, tensión que se manifiesta en su doble tarea de formar profesionales y de preparar el suelo para un sistema del saber. Aún más, en tanto que obedece a un interés nacional económico-político, la Universidad traslada la lógica de la división del trabajo y de la especialización al ámbito del saber, lo cual genera la atomización de los saberes. La consigna de la interdisciplina busca remediar estas consecuencias, pero supone la interdisciplina como una meta a alcanzar. En este ensayo, propongo pensar, en cambio, a la interdisciplina como la naturaleza de todo saber. Los saberes no son totalidades cerradas y autosuficientes, sino el resultado de una interrelación entre todos los discursos. La noción de un saber singular plural expresa esta naturaleza relacional del conocimiento. Las Humanidades ayudan a volver sobre esta común pertenencia de todo discurso a los demás gracias a que enfatizan la raigambre de todos ellos en la experiencia vivida, su articulación en el orden simbólico, y su motivación pragmática: de ese modo invita a todo saber a reconocerse también como una expresión contingente de un determinado sistema del saber, también de carácter histórico. La naturaleza interdisciplinar de todo discurso nos lleva a pensar la Universidad como un espacio cenobítico, en el que todos los saberes son convocados a una misma celebración, en una vida que es esencialmente relacional y en el que el saber puede florecer.
ON THE MEK OBRAZ PHRASEME
Authors:   Fakultet za crnogorski jezik i književnost – Cetinje, ŠUŠANJ Jelena
Published: December 2024

The author of this paper reflects on different interpretations of the phraseme mek obraz, biti meka obraza and adjective mekoobrazan (a person who lost his/her reputation) that can be found in phraseological, general and dialectological dictionaries in the territory of Bosnian, Montenegrin, Croatian and Serbian languages. Montenegrin proverbs and wisdom sayings containing the subject phraseme are used to point to certain flaws in some of the dictionary definitions and interpretations in the phraseological texts. Finally, a more precise definition of the phraseme in the Montenegrin language is provided.
CYRILLOMETHODIANA IN LIGHT OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF TWO CROATIAN BISHOPS – JOSIP JURAJ STROSSMAYER AND IVAN ANTUNOVIĆ (an external linguistic-historical contribution to the newer history of Glagolism)
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, LUKIĆ Milica
Published: December 2024

Enlightenment ideas, their exchange, and mutual support of social and political activities between the Bishop of Đakovo and Srijem Josip Juraj Strossmayer and titular bishop of Kalocsa–Kecskemét Archdiocese Ivan Antunović in the second half of the 19th century form the framework in which their efforts on the Cyril-Methodius cultural project – a renewal of Cyrillomethodiana especially among the Croatian people, and then among the Slavs in general – are observed. The paper presents an overview of the confirmations of their cooperation, among which are the Strossmayer-Antunović correspon-dence in the period from 1872 to 1875, Razprava o podunavskih i potisanskih Bunjevcih i Šokcih... from 1882, texts in periodicals of the time, especially in the Bunjevačka i šokačkoj vila, and, in a special way, prayers in honour of St. apostles. One of these prayers is incorporated into a short biography of Saints Cyril and Methodius – SS.Cyrill i Methodia apoštoli Slavena in Antunović's theological work Bog s' čoviekom na zemlji (1879), and another, Molitva na čast s. s. Cirilla i Methodija,found its place in the Čovik s' Bogom u svojih molba i prošnja (1884) prayer book. The paper shows that these prayers indicate Bishop Strossmayer's appreciation of Bishop Antunović's contribution to the popularization of the Cyril-Methodius Idea in the 19th century among Croats, but also other Slavs. This topic contributes to a better knowledge of the newer history of Glagolism and Croatian Cyrillomethodiana.
LANGUAGE AS A MARKETING TOOL OF PUBLIC OPINION
Authors:   Gradsko vijeće Grada Mostara, ALENDAR Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Public policy and public opinion in BiH are partially formed based on the news that is distributed via public sphere media. But how relevant is the language of the media?
What is fake news and how much of it roams around the Bosnian-Herzegovinian (BiH) public sphere? If we determine the amount of fake news in circulation and the difference between the consumption of news in an old fashioned way versus social networks; we’ll come across filigree difference between the terms; I have a bunch of information or I am informed. Proportionate percentage of analyzed content of the daily press avoids quoting the source of the information, decreasing the relevancy of the news it-self by default. Even though the Internet is, as per research, in increasing usage as an alternative means of informing; we have increasing share of informing via social networks at the same time, as a part of internet-informing). This way of information consumption is particularly affected by the fake news issue. Language has become a new tool of a new media method of manipulation – marketing of public opinion. Content of the media being distributed has been wrapped in the form of marketing, it maintains the process of constant production of the crisis of responsibility of public opinion in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Classic public opinion is becoming status opinion, mostly on social networks. In the complex BiH community, the marketing of public opinion contributes to its further complication.
DEMONIC BEINGS IRUDICA AND POGANICA IN OLD FOLKS` BELIEFS, INCANTATIONS, AND PRAYERS
Authors:   The Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Mostar, DRAGIĆ Helena , DRAGIĆ Marko ,   The Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Split
Published: December 2024

According to the oral tradition, St. John the Baptist and King Herod Antipas were on good terms. However, when Herod decided to marry the wife of his brother Philip, John the Baptist strongly reproved of it. During King Herod Antipas`s birthday celebrations, Herodias`s daughter seductively danced before the king, so Herod decided to give her everything she desired, even up to half of his kingdom. When the daughter asked her mother what she should request, she was told to ask for the head of John the Baptist on a platter. Herod granted her the wish. According to the gospels, it likely occurred on 29 August 29 AD.
In Croatian oral tradition, Herodias and her daughter turned into demonic creatures. Croats refer to Herodias as Poganica, her daughter Irudica and Herod Irud.
According to Croatian tradition, Irudica brings a heavy thunderstorm, while St. Elijah persecutes her and throws thunderbolts her way in order to destroy her. However, Irudica`s mother Poganica hides her daughter in the clouds.
Incantations against inclement weather are of archetypical provenance in Croatia. During the course of time, Croats transformed former incantations into Christian prayers. Numerous prayers are recited against bad weather by the elderly even today. Croats also recount stories about Poganica, Irudica and Irud. In these prayers and stories, the main protagonists are Poganica,
Irudica, St. John the Baptist and St. Elijah. In some prayers, people invoke Virgin Mary, St. Peter, St. Nicholas (the Bishop), St. Andrew (the First-Called). The prayers are still occasionally accompanied by pre-Christian rituals.
In the paper, some forty examples written in the past twenty years are interpreted in biblical, ethnological, and anthropological context.
SOLOMON’S GLASS IN ŽITJE KONSTANTINOVO AND HEKTOROVIC’S GOBBLETINFISHING AND FISHERMEN’S CONVERSATIONS(PAGINIRAT)
Authors:   Sveučilište u Zadru, TOPČIĆ Ante
Published: December 2024

This paper is based on the hypothesis that Solomon’s cup, described in the 13th chapter of Žitje Konstantinovo significantly influenced on Petar Hektorovic who presented his cup from which he drank wine during a three – day voyage in the company of two simple fishermen as an extremely important subject that needs to be constantly taken care of and must by no means be.
forgotten and lost. The problem is approached with the conviction that Hektorovic deliberately made his cup vague and that through the description of that cup he actually said that it would be lost if its true and hidden meaning was not revealed. Hektorovic’s cup should therefore be approached with philosophical reflection and a view of life as the one of the Greek missionary,
the apostle among the Slavs, Constantine-Cyril, who managed to read and interpret the inscription on the Solomon’s cup kept in the Church of St. Sofia. The intention is to come to the conclusion derived from the hypothesis that the phenomenon of mysterious, unusual and artistically refined glass has been present in the Slavic literature since the beginning of their literacy in their
own language and that it is the bearer of a universal idea of life that will strongly occupy the thoughtof a Renaissance, secular and thinking man.
ON AUTHORSHIP OF ISTORIJA ŠKOLSTVA I PROSVJETE U CRNOJ GORI
Authors:   Fakultet za crnogorski jezik i književnost – Cetinje, RADOMAN Aleksandar
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the author discusses the authorship of the first book of Istorija školstva i prosvjete u Crnoj Gori (History of Education in Montenegro) monograph, published under the name of Tomaš Marković in 1969 by the Office for Textbooks of Serbia. The belief present in some publications that the real author of the book was in fact Savić Marković Štedimlija is now fully confirmed, thanks to Savić Marković Štedimlija’s manuscripts, donated to the Faculty of Montenegrin Language and Literature by a Croatian historian Željko Karaula.
THEATER AT THE TIME OF THE CORONAVIRUS (Essay on what we see when we watch a recording of a theatrical play through a comparative analysis of a dramatic text and a recording of the theatrical play „Escape“)
Authors:   Fakultet dramskih umjetnosti – Cetinje, RADUNOVIĆ Aleksandar
Published: December 2024

The life circumstances caused by the coronavirus pandemic have, among other things, allowed us to try to think about the position and importance of culture in a different way. By that, in the first place, we mean the attempt to perceive the circumstances that arose due to the impossibility of the development of cultural contents in the way that was natural until the outbreak of the pandemic. This primarily refers to events that involve the gathering of a certain number of people in a space that is intended for various forms of cultural activities – concert halls, theaters, art galleries, etc. Thus, manifestations and activities in the field of culture that until the pandemic implied the presence of an audience that would interact with the artist to create a unique atmosphere of creating a work of art are virtually extinguished and as an attempt to maintain the illusion that life of these cultural events or to make it possible, they resorted to television or showing a large number of theatrical performances and concerts on the Internet.
In this essay, we will, first of all, deal with the phenomenon of showing a theater play on television, or on some other medium or platform, and try to shed light on the relationship between a play that happened in the theater and a recording of a play shown on one of the mentioned media.