bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agroclimatic Drought Analysis in Mahasamund District of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Chaudhary J.L. , Chandrakar Bhumika , Lakpale Rajendra
Published: July 2024

Drought is an insidious natural hazard that results from a departure of precipitation from expected or normal and when extended over a season or longer period of time, is insufficient to meet the demands of human, plant and animal activities. Drought can have a serious impact on health, agriculture, economy, energy and the environment. Drought is a prolonged dry period in the natural climate that can occur any where in the world. It is a slow-onset disaster characterized by the lack of precipitation, resulting in a water shortage. The study was conducted to analyze agroclimatic drought in Mahasamund district of Chhattisgarh. Mahasamund district is chosen for the study on agroclimatic drought analysis and also to examine the farmer's adaptability under AICRPAM-National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project. Two time periods have been taken into account viz., annual and SWM season. Long term rainfall data has been analyzed through Weathercock software and pattern has been drawn through Trend software. Rainfall data for Mahasamund, Bagbahara, Basna, Saraipali, Pithora blocks of Mahasamund district were collected from the Department of Agrometeorology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Raipur.Study is as a part of CRIDA, (Hyderabad) sponsored NICRA project which has been implemented in Department of Agrometeorology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, (C.G.) w.e.f. 2011.The result showed significant increasing trend for high rainfall events in summer and winter season particularly for Mahasamund block. Long term data analysis indicates that only Saraipali blocksufferedfrom agricultural drought while other blocks do not indicate any rabi drought. Drought proofing management and climate resilent technologies like increasingwater use efficiency through micro-irrigation, reorientation of cropping pattern, use of suitable drought tolerant crop cultivars, water harvesting structures, deep summer ploughing followed by surface tilling during rest of year should be propagated among farming community.
Evaluation of the Agronomic Performance of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): Selection and Fertilization of the Crop Site
Authors: Wilfried Mfenda Ekoto , Mervil Nana Djouyep , Djoah Yves Thierry , II Oum Jean , Mbock Martini Rodrigue , Wouafo Emmanuel Kuate , Minkate Alexis Noel , Essouma François Manga , Ngnimpa Romary , Oben Tabi Fritz
Published: July 2024

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Moench) is among the most appreciable fruit vegetables in terms of nutritional elements. A study was carried out to determine the suitability of the soil in the locality of Nkoévome (South Cameroon) in order to propose fertilization strategies helping to improve okra yields for sustainable agriculture. The study took place at the Nkoemvone Agricultural Research Institute for Development (IRAD) Station. The plant material used was the Hire variety. The experimental design used is a randomized complete block design with 7 treatments repeated 3 times which are: T0 (no fertilizer application), T1 (275 kg/ha N), T2 (165 kg/ha of NPK 20:10:10 + 150 kg / ha of urea), T3 (10 t / ha of (FP), T4 (5 t / ha of FP), T5 (½ dose of mineral fertilizer (T2) + ½ dose of 10 t /ha FP ( T3); T6 (½ dose of mineral fertilizer + ½ dose of 5t/ha FP (T3). The data collected was analyzed using Genstat software. the WRB was of the Rhodic Ferralsols type and unsuitable due to the climate and fertility due to PH, CEC, phosphorus which were low in the soil. The treatments applied had a significant effect on the growth parameters (width, length, number of leaves, branches), and on yields in weight and the number of fruits of the okra but not on the diameter at the collar and the height of said speculation. Thus, the organic fertilizers in this study significantly improved certain growth and yield parameters of okra compared to the different doses of mineral fertilizers and the control.
Internal Combustion Engine Alternative Fuels
Authors: Zhe Xu
Published: July 2024

With the increasing concern for environmental protection and sustainable development, alternative fuels for internal combustion engines have become a topic of great concern. Traditional fuels such as oil not only have the problem of emission pollution, but also have the problem of limited quantity and easy to be influenced by political factors. Therefore, finding suitable alternative fuels is an important guarantee to ensure the sustainable development of people's lives and society. In recent years, some new fuels have been developed, such as biomass energy, hydrogen fuel, methanol, etc. The development and use of these alternative fuels can reduce the impact of traditional fuels on the environment and reduce dependence on fossil energy.
However, the research and use of alternative fuels also presents a series of problems, such as cost, energy density, sustainability, and so on. Therefore, the performance, feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of alternative fuels need to be fully studied and evaluated. On the basis of existing research, this paper will conduct an in-depth discussion from the aspects of combustion characteristics, emission characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of alternative fuels, so as to provide certain theoretical support and practical experience for the research and application of alternative fuels, and promote the development and application of alternative fuel technology.
Structure Design and Analysis of Welding Robot Manipulator
Authors: Hu Shoufei
Published: July 2024

Welding robot is a multi-degree-of-freedom robot. As a part of the robot, the manipulator is an important part to complete the welding operation directly. The structure design of the large arm, small arm and welding torch of the welding robot manipulator is carried out, and the structure of the manipulator is designed by pneumatic drive design. The results show that the designed manipulator meets the accuracy requirements and is completed by combining the swing cylinder, the lifting cylinder and the telescopic cylinder
Investigating Spatiotemporal Variation of Evapotranspiration Trends using Non Parametric Statistical Techniques across North Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: Adarsha  , G Manoj Kumar , Gowtham  , R Sagara , Devappa
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the temporal variation of ETo over the 10 main subdistricts of the North Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India, during the period 1982-2022 using non-parametric statistical analysis. The findings show that ETo variability also exhibits diverse spatial and temporal characteristics in the study area. February month shows the highest decrease in the values (ZMK -2.33 to -1.72, p<0.05). Winter and summer shows highly significant decreasing trends, Manvi showing the maximum decreasing trend in winter (ZMK = -2.57, p < 0.01) and Raichur in summer (ZMK = -2.89, p < 0.01). Sen’s slope estimates show average decrease of -0.18 to -0.15 mm/month in winter and an average value of -0.246 mm/month in summer. For monsoon and post monsoon, the trends are weaker and not significant ranging from -0.05 to 0.03 mm/month. Yearly changes reveal slightly negative values (-0.12 to -0.04 mm/month). Spatial interpolation of the ETo changes is done using ArcGIS’s inverse distance weighting (IDW) method to show the regional differences. An increase in air temperature results in the rise in the trends in some months while, a decline in wind speed may be reason in other region. These findings are useful in understanding the ETo dynamics in the region and its relation to water and agriculture. More studies are required to understand why there was a reduction in wind speed as well as to develop individual water management strategies that will adapt to these changes.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalysis on Supported Gold and Silver Nanoparticles under Ultraviolet and Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Sarina Sarina , Waclawik Eric R. , Zhu Huaiyong
Published: August 2013

Review: < 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Changes of Enzymes Upon Immobilization
Authors: Secundo Francesco
Published: August 2013

Review: 59 refs.
Mathematical modeling of postmenopausal osteoporosis and its treatment by the anti‐catabolic drug denosumab
Authors: Scheiner S. , Pivonka P. , Smith D. W. , Dunstan C. R. , Hellmich C.
Published: August 2013

Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, has been approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The therapeutic effect of denosumab rests on its ability to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Here, we present a computational approach on the basis of coupling a pharmacokinetics model of denosumab with a pharmacodynamics model for quantifying the effect of denosumab on bone remodeling. The pharmacodynamics model comprises an integrated systems biology‐continuum micromechanics approach, including a bone cell population model, considering the governing biochemical factors of bone remodeling (including the action of denosumab), and a multiscale micromechanics‐based bone mechanics model, for implementing the mechanobiology of bone remodeling in our model. Numerical studies of postmenopausal osteoporosis show that denosumab suppresses osteoclast differentiation, thus strongly curtailing bone resorption. Simulation results also suggest that denosumab may trigger a short‐term bone volume gain, which is, however, followed by constant or decreasing bone volume. This evolution is accompanied by a dramatic decrease of the bone turnover rate by more than one order of magnitude. The latter proposes dominant occurrence of secondary mineralization (which is not anymore impeded through cellular activity), leading to higher mineral concentration per bone volume. This explains the overall higher bone mineral density observed in denosumab‐related clinical studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Packet reordering analysis for concurrent multipath transfer
Authors: Gao Chong , Ling Zhihao , Yuan Yifeng
Published: August 2013

Path diversity of different concurrent paths inevitably introduces out‐of‐order packet delivery, which leads to unnecessary retransmissions and a severely lowered data throughput. In order to analyze the fundamental behavior and influencing factors of packet reordering, several sets of simulation‐based multipath experiments are conducted with different aggregating paths. In addition, the relationship between reordering and number of paths are discussed. Furthermore, an end‐to‐end measurement study of packet reordering in concurrent multipath transfer is presented. To simply the analysis process, a cumulative distribution function of transmission delay for each packet is used. The model is proved to be an effective one by contrastive analysis. Finally, some solutions to handle it are provided with a further discussion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Temperature Gradients with Micrometric Resolution by Local Open Circuit Potential Measurements at a Scanning Microelectrode
Authors: Sode Aya , Nebel Michaela , Pinyou Piyanut , Schmaderer Sebastian , Szeponik Jan , Plumeré Nicolas , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: August 2013

A method to determine localized temperature profiles using a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) setup and potentiometry is presented. A Pt microelectrode was first calibrated to correlate the open circuit potential (OCP) with temperature in an electrolyte containing ferri/ferrocyanide. Using the calibration graph, the temperature at a given position and a time could be derived. For dynamic measurements, the thermal expansion of the surface was initially determined using shear force mode SECM. Following the OCP at the microelectrode static as well as dynamic temperature gradients above the heated surface were successfully probed and visualized with vertical micrometric resolution and with precision in temperature determination below 1 °C.
Astrocyte‐enriched miR‐29a targets PUMA and reduces neuronal vulnerability to forebrain ischemia
Authors: Ouyang Yi‐Bing , Xu Lijun , Lu Yu , Sun Xiaoyun , Yue Sibiao , Xiong Xiao‐Xing , Giffard Rona G.
Published: August 2013

Following transient forebrain ischemia, astrocytes play a key role in determining whether or not neurons in the hippocampal CA1 sector go on to die in a delayed fashion. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of RNAs that control gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level and the miR‐29 family is highly expressed in astrocytes. In this study we assessed levels of miR‐29 in hippocampus following forebrain ischemia and found that after transient forebrain ischemia and short periods of reperfusion, miR‐29a significantly increased in the resistant dentate gyrus, but decreased in the vulnerable CA1 region of the hippocampus. We demonstrate that miR‐29a targets BH3‐only proapoptotic BCL2 family member PUMA by luciferase reporter assay and by Western blot. Comparing primary neuron and astrocyte cultures, and postnatal brain, we verified the strongly astrocytic expression of miR‐29a. We further found that miR‐29a mimic protects and miR‐29a inhibitor aggravates cell injury and mitochondrial function after ischemia‐like stresses in vitro. Lastly, by overexpressing and reducing miR‐29a we demonstrate the protective effect of miR‐29a on CA1 delayed neuronal death after forebrain ischemia. Our data suggest that by targeting a pro‐apoptotic BCL2 family member, increasing levels of miR‐29a might emerge as a strategy for protection against ischemia‐reperfusion injury. GLIA 2013;61:1784–1794
Advances in the neuroimaging of panic disorder
Authors: Pannekoek Justine Nienke , van der Werff Steven J.A. , Stein Dan J. , van der Wee Nic J.A.
Published: August 2013

Models of the neuroanatomy of panic disorder (PD) have relied on both animal work on fear and on clinical data from neuroimaging. Early work hypothesised a network of brain regions involved in fear processing (e.g. the amygdala), but more recent work has also pointed to the involvement of other cortical areas and other brain circuitry (e.g. the insula and anterior cingulate cortex). Studies investigating functional and structural brain connectivity in PD may ultimately shed light on the extent to which the neuroanatomy of PD is localised versus distributed, and on how current treatments alter this neuroanatomy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased tooth mobility because of loss of alveolar bone support: A hazard for zirconia two‐unit cantilever resin‐bonded FDPs in vitro?
Authors: Sterzenbach Guido , Tunjan Rene , Rosentritt Martin , Naumann Michael
Published: August 2013

This study evaluates in vitro the impact of increased abutment tooth mobility on survival of zirconia‐based two‐unit cantilever resin‐bonded fixed dental prosthesis (RB‐FDP) by long‐term dynamic loading in a chewing simulator. Human maxillary central incisors (n = 32) were endodontically treated and alveolar bone loss was simulated: 0% (group B), 25% (group C), and 50% (group D). RB‐FDPs were adhesively luted. Zirconia full crown two‐unit FDPs served as control (group A). Specimens were exposed to simulated clinical function by two subsequent sequences of thermal‐cycling (2 × 3.000) parallel to mechanical loading (1.2 × 106 load cycles) (TCML; first sequence: load 1–25 N; second sequence: load 1–50 N). Tooth mobility increased significantly as the simulated bone level decreased (p < 0.001). Log‐rank tests revealed no significant differences between experimental groups (p = 0.479). The results support the assumption that zirconia‐based two‐unit cantilever RB‐FDPs may be an appropriate treatment option, even if abutment tooth mobility increase because of alveolar bone loss. However, debonding of zirconia‐based two‐unit RB‐FDPs will be a likely event, whereas fatal failures of the abutment teeth may not occur. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 244–249, 2014.
Calcium phosphate cements with strontium halides as radiopacifiers
Authors: López Alejandro , Montazerolghaem Maryam , Engqvist Håkan , Ott Marjam Karlsson , Persson Cecilia
Published: August 2013

High radiopacity is required to monitor the delivery and positioning of injectable implants. Inorganic nonsoluble radiopacifiers are typically used in nondegradable bone cements; however, their usefulness in resorbable cements is limited due to their low solubility. Strontium halides, except strontium fluoride, are ionic water‐soluble compounds that possess potential as radiopacifiers. In this study, we compare the radiopacity, mechanical properties, composition, and cytotoxicity of radiopaque brushite cements prepared with strontium fluoride (SrF2), strontium chloride (SrCl2·6H2O), strontium bromide (SrBr2), or strontium iodide (SrI2). Brushite cements containing 10 wt % SrCl2·6H2O, SrBr2, or SrI2 exhibited equal to or higher radiopacity than commercial radiopaque cements. Furthermore, the brushite crystal lattice in cements that contained the ionic radiopacifiers was larger than in unmodified cements and in cements that contained SrF2, indicating strontium substitution. Despite the fact that the strontium halides increased the solubility of the cements and affected their mechanical properties, calcium phosphate cements containing SrCl2·6H2O, SrBr2, and SrI2 showed no significant differences in Saos‐2 cell viability and proliferation with respect to the control. Strontium halides: SrCl2·6H2O, SrBr2, and SrI2 may be potential candidates as radiopacifiers in resorbable biomaterials although their in vivo biocompatibility, when incorporated into injectable implants, is yet to be assessed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 250–259, 2014.
Residual layer effects on the modeling of convective boundary layer growth rates with a slab model using FIFE data
Authors: Freire Livia S. , Dias Nelson L.
Published: August 2013

The ability of slab models for the growth of the convective boundary layer (CBL) to work in the presence of residual layers above is analyzed in detail with a large data set from the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project Field Experiment (FIFE)‐87 and FIFE‐89 experiments. We confirm that the critical element that allows the models to predict the growth as the CBL coalesces with the residual layer is the adoption of a variable lapse rate above the growing CBL. This is not a new finding per se, as several previous studies in the literature have adopted this strategy. Different parameterizations of a slab model, based on the turbulence kinetic energy budget at the top of the CBL, were tested, and the inclusion of the storage and dissipation terms did not improve the model. Among the alternatives for choosing the lapse rate as the CBL grows, fair results are obtained with a simple choice of two values, with absolute mean errors of the order of 270 m for cases with and without a residual layer. Both lapse rates, representative of the residual layer and the free atmosphere, are obtained from the first morning sounding. Finally, an alternative model for the CBL growth into a residual layer that assumes a zero‐lapse rate above the CBL did not perform well with the FIFE data.
Spatial extent of rapid denudation in the glaciated St. Elias syntaxis region, SE Alaska
Authors: Grabowski David M. , Enkelmann Eva , Ehlers Todd A.
Published: August 2013

The ongoing collision of the Yakutat Terrane with the North American Plate formed the St. Elias Range in southeastern Alaska. Previously published detrital zircon fission track dating of sand‐size material detected very rapid rock denudation within the syntaxis region of the St. Elias Range, but the size and spatial extent of the rapid exhumation are elusive due to the glacial cover that inhibits direct bedrock studies. Two possible mechanisms were suggested to explain the rapid denudation occurring underneath the Seward‐Malaspina Glacier, which differ in their spatial extent of rapidly exhumed rocks. This study evaluates the spatial extent of rapid denudation at the St. Elias syntaxis region. We investigate the cobble‐sized material of the Malaspina Glacier. Petrological classifications are used as a provenance tool and combined with zircon and titanite (U‐Th)/He analysis to reveal cooling rates of the glacial detritus. In total, 1998 cobbles are classified in the field. Petrographic characterization is conducted on 91 thin sections and the (U‐Th)/He ages of 59 cobbles are measured. Fourteen cobbles reveal young cooling ages of 3–2 Ma originating from various lithologies of undeformed and deformed magmatic and metamorphic rocks. Older age populations peak at 12, 27, and 36 Ma. The cooling ages and the mapped known extent of the different lithologies suggest that a larger then previously assumed area of the St. Elias syntaxis region experienced rapid exhumation. Rapid rock exhumation extends beyond the Contact Fault and comprises most of the Seward‐Malaspina Glacier catchment.
Improving study design for antidepressant effectiveness assessment
Authors: Naudet Florian , Millet Bruno , Reymann Jean Michel , Falissard Bruno
Published: August 2013

Antidepressants effectiveness in major depressive disorder (MDD) is still questioned because the extrapolation of randomized controlled trial (RCT) results to “real life” settings is problematic. The application of the RCT paradigm in a disorder of this type, where global care plays a central role, raises questions regarding the internal and external validity of this type of study. Outcome measurement, attrition rates, the ability of the double‐blind design to control for expectations, placebo response, the representativeness of trial participants and publication bias are major methodological pitfalls. This review discusses these issues. It is illustrated using original data and proposes some alternatives for assessing antidepressant effectiveness via different approaches. Some are easy to implement, such as ecological measures, qualitative approaches, improvement of analytical strategy and improvement of blinding procedures. Some are sophisticated, involving temporary deception to deal with the confounding effect of expectations, and they raise ethical issues. Others resort to external validity, this being the case in observational studies. But all are necessary to explore antidepressant effectiveness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Markers of good planning behavior as a cue for separating true and false intent
Authors: Mac Giolla Erik , Granhag Pär Anders , Liu‐Jönsson Meiling
Published: August 2013

The study adds to the growing body of research on true and false intentions, traditionally a neglected area of deception research. Specifically, the goal was to examine the claim that statements of true intent would be colored by markers of good planning behavior to a greater extent than statements of false intent. Participants (N = 132) were divided into truth tellers and liars. Truth tellers were given a neutral task to plan and carry out. Liars were given a mock crime to plan and carry out and were also told to plan a cover story to be used in case they were apprehended. The cover story (i.e., liars' false intention) was to be thematically similar to the truth tellers' task. Following the planning phase, but before the task commenced, participants were interviewed about their intent. Transcribed interviews were coded for markers of good planning behavior (e.g., effective time allocation, implementation intention related utterances, and likelihood to speak of potential problems). As predicted, truth tellers' statements were colored to a higher degree than those of liars by such markers. The results earmark this approach as a viable direction for future research.
How to get more people with diabetes cycling
Authors: Kirk AF , MacMillan F
Published: August 2013

Following on from the success of professional cyclists in the Tour de France and Olympics, there has been increased interest in cycling in the UK and worldwide. The diabetes world has also been affected by this increased interest and there is now a vast number of cycling events promoted through diabetes charities, in addition to professional and developmental cycling teams consisting entirely of individuals with diabetes.

This article focuses on the early stages of getting started with cycling participation; it also discusses the benefits to health and the environment, guidelines on how much physical activity to do, current participation levels, and strategies to get started with cycling and maintain this new behaviour over the longer term. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Quercetin and EGCG Exhibit Chemopreventive Effects in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells via Suppression of JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Senggunprai Laddawan , Kukongviriyapan Veerapol , Prawan Auemduan , Kukongviriyapan Upa
Published: August 2013

Quercetin and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) are dietary phytochemicals with antiinflammatory and antitumor effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of these two compounds on Janus‐like kinase (JAK)/signal transduction and transcription (STAT) pathway of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells, because CCA is one of the aggressive cancers with very poor prognosis and JAK/STAT pathway is critically important in inflammation and carcinogenesis. The results showed that the JAK/STAT pathway activation by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 and interferon‐γ in CCA cells was suppressed by pretreatment with quercetin and EGCG, evidently by a decrease of the elevated phosphorylated‐STAT1 and STAT3 proteins in a dose‐dependent manner. The cytokine‐mediated up‐regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) via JAK/STAT cascade was abolished by both quercetin and EGCG pretreatment. Moreover, these flavonoids also could inhibit growth and cytokine‐induced migration of CCA cells. Pretreatment with specific JAK inhibitors, AG490 and piceatannol, abolished cytokine‐induced iNOS and ICAM‐1 expression. These results demonstrate beneficial effects of quercetin and EGCG in the suppression of JAK/STAT cascade of CCA cells. Quercetin and EGCG would be potentially useful as cancer chemopreventive agents against CCA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluoropolymer‐based clear and white paint coatings composition analysis by X‐Ray fluorescence
Authors: Ricou P. , Wood K.
Published: August 2013

A new method for the quantification of organic and inorganic phase fractions was developed for fluoropolymer/acrylic‐blend paints – clear and white paint coatings – on aluminum panels by using wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). The method was developed for clear coat samples (only containing fluoropolymer and acrylic phases) as well as white paint samples by also measuring silica and titanium dioxide levels. Both WDXRF and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a surface technique, were investigated. For clear coat samples, we found that WDXRF provided far superior quantitative results to XPS, likely related to the extreme surface sensitivity of XPS, in this case a drawback more than a strength. For white paint samples, the X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry method achieved a relative accuracy typically better than 5% for the organic phases and better than 2% for the inorganic phases, for measurements on 8‐mm diameter samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leading singularities and off-shell conformal integrals
Authors: Drummond James , Duhr Claude , Eden Burkhard , Heslop Paul , Pennington Jeffrey , Smirnov Vladimir A.
Published: August 2013

Abstract

The three-loop four-point function of stress-tensor multiplets in
$ \mathcal{N}=4 $
super Yang-Mills theory contains two so far unknown, off-shell, conformal integrals, in addition to the known, ladder-type integrals. In this paper we evaluate the unknown integrals, thus obtaining the three-loop correlation function analytically. The integrals have the generic structure of rational functions multiplied by (multiple) polylogarithms. We use the idea of leading singularities to obtain the rational coefficients, the symbol — with an appropriate ansatz for its structure — as a means of characterising multiple polylogarithms, and the technique of asymptotic expansion of Feynman integrals to obtain the integrals in certain limits. The limiting behaviour uniquely fixes the symbols of the integrals, which we then lift to find the corresponding polylogarithmic functions. The final formulae are numerically confirmed. The techniques we develop can be applied more generally, and we illustrate this by analytically evaluating one of the integrals contributing to the same four-point function at four loops. This example shows a connection between the leading singularities and the entries of the symbol.
Short‐Term Changes in Running Mechanics and Foot Strike Pattern After Introduction to Minimalistic Footwear
Authors: Willson John D. , Bjorhus Jordan S. , Williams D.S. Blaise , Butler Robert J. , Porcari John P. , Kernozek Thomas W.
Published: August 2013

Background

Minimalistic footwear has garnered widespread interest in the running community, based largely on the premise that the footwear may reduce certain running‐related injury risk factors through adaptations in running mechanics and foot strike pattern.

Objective

To examine short‐term adaptations in running mechanics among runners who typically run in conventional cushioned heel running shoes as they transition to minimalistic footwear.

Design

A 2‐week, prospective, observational study.

Setting

A movement science laboratory.

Participants

Nineteen female runners with a rear foot strike (RFS) pattern who usually train in conventional running shoes.

Methods

The participants trained for 20 minutes, 3 times per week for 2 weeks by using minimalistic footwear. Three‐dimensional lower extremity running mechanics were analyzed before and after this 2‐week period.

Main Outcome Measurements

Hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics at initial contact; step length; stance time; peak ankle joint moment and joint work; impact peak; vertical ground reaction force loading rate; and foot strike pattern preference were evaluated before and after the intervention.

Results

The knee flexion angle at initial contact increased 3.8° (P < .01), but the ankle and hip flexion angles at initial contact did not change after training. No changes in ankle joint kinetics or running temporospatial parameters were observed. The majority of participants (71%), before the intervention, demonstrated an RFS pattern while running in minimalistic footwear. The proportion of runners with an RFS pattern did not decrease after 2 weeks (P = .25). Those runners who chose an RFS pattern in minimalistic shoes experienced a vertical loading rate that was 3 times greater than those who chose to run with a non‐RFS pattern.

Conclusion

Few systematic changes in running mechanics were observed among participants after 2 weeks of training in minimalistic footwear. The majority of the participants continued to use an RFS pattern after training in minimalistic footwear, and these participants experienced higher vertical loading rates. Continued exposure to these greater loading rates may have detrimental effects over time.
Alignment, Realignment, and Dealignment in Canada: The View From Above
Authors: Johnston Richard
Published: August 2013

Abstract.The Canadian party system exhibits both “stable dealignment,” defined as directionless volatility and relative stability. But the boundary between the system's orderly and disorderly parts is not that clear in conventional wisdom, which contrasts big, inclusive parties with small parties representing ideas or interests. In fact, the relatively stable parties have been the NDP and the Liberals, in contrast to the Conservatives and a rotating cast of province- or region-specific insurgents. Volatility is a feature mainly of Quebec and the West and is greater in federal than in provincial elections. But geographic divergence is greater in provincial elections. The paper proposes a research program to account for Canada's coexistence of opposites.

Résumé.Le système de partis politiques canadien présente à la fois un «désalignement stable», défini comme une volatilité sans direction, et une relative stabilité. Cependant, la frontière entre les parties ordonnées et désordonnées du système n'est pas stylisée comme le veut la sagesse populaire qui contraste grands partis inclusifs et petits partis représentant des idées ou des intérêts particuliers. En fait, ce sont le NPD et les libéraux qui représentent les partis relativement stables du système en opposition au Parti conservateur et à une série de partis « insurgés » spécifiques à une province ou à une région. La volatilité est quant à elle principalement une caractéristique du Québec et des provinces de l'Ouest tout en étant plus présente sur le plan fédéral que provincial. La divergence géographique est toutefois plus grande aux élections provinciales. Cet article propose donc un programme de recherche afin de mieux expliquer la coexistence de ces contraires au Canada.
GROUPS OF INFINITE RANK IN WHICH NORMALITY IS A TRANSITIVE RELATION
Authors: DE FALCO M. , DE GIOVANNI F. , MUSELLA C. , SYSAK Y. P.
Published: August 2013

A group is called aT-group if all its subnormal subgroups are normal. It is proved here that ifGis a periodic (generalized) soluble group in which all subnormal subgroups of infinite rank are normal, then eitherGis aT-group or it has finite rank. It follows that ifGis an arbitrary group whose Fitting subgroup has infinite rank, thenGhas the propertyTif and only if all its subnormal subgroups of infinite rank are normal.
The West Church at Apollonia in Cyrenaica
Authors: Widrig Walter M. , Goodchild Richard
Published: August 2013

Apollonia in Cyrenaica was founded by the Greeks as the port for the city of Cyrene, from which it is some 20 km. distant. In the Roman period its prosperity was such that it received autonomy and became one of the five cities of the Pentapolis; by the sixth century A.D. it had surpassed both Gyrene and Ptolemais in importance. Christian sources more commonly refer to Apollonia as ‘Sozusa,’ and it is from this Christian designation that the present Arab name of ‘Susa’ is derived.

Witness to Apollonia's nourishing Christian life are its extensive Byzantine remains. Among these figure at least four churches, three of which have now been excavated, and what is probably the palace of the governor of the Pentapolis himself, the most recent structure to have been uncovered. What follows is a report on the ‘West’ Church excavated by the Department of Antiquities of the Provincial Government of Cyrenaica during the spring, summer, and fall of 1958 and again in the spring and summer of 1959. The consolidation and reconstruction of the church were begun simultaneously with the excavation and are still in progress.

The West Church at Apollonia was first plotted by the Beecheys in 1821–1822. In their plan of Apollonia the church appears with a quite extensive forecomplex. Intervening time plus in some places an overlay of small Italian buildings completely obscured the outlines of the church and caused the forecomplex to disappear from view altogether. Yet excavation of the site has proved the Beecheys essentially correct.
Wealth and Munificence in Roman Africa
Authors: Duncan-Jones R. P.
Published: August 2013

This paper utilises evidence for the size of public gifts in Roman Africa collected in a previous article to make a series of deductions about the classes from which the gifts came and about the gifts themselves. Because the questions asked here are for the most part different from those considered in the earlier paper, a reorganisation of the material has been necessary, and a table of African donations of known amount is given at the end of the article (pp. 173–5). The sample has been confined as far as possible to material from the period between the accession of Trajan and the death of Gordian III (A.D. 98–244), and gifts clearly belonging to other periods have been omitted.

The topics discussed are, firstly, the distribution of wealth among the monied class; the conclusions are based on observations about the background and nature of Roman munificence, as well as on the tabulation of gift-sizes. Internal evidence suggests that it is, in most cases, legitimate to make rough comparisons between gifts from different points in the period without practical compensation for the effects of inflation. The second part of the paper contains estimates of the total number of donors in the period discussed; the frequency of donation among the decurial class (i.e. the members of the town-councils); the total sum subscribed in the form of public gifts in Africa within the period; and the fluctuations in the amount given from reign to reign. The series of estimates depends critically upon assessing the rate of inscription–survival with as much accuracy as possible, and this subject has been discussed in a separate Appendix (pp. 176–7).
A Renaissance bishop and his books: a preliminary survey of the manuscript collection of Pietro del Monte (c.1400–57)
Authors: Rundle David
Published: August 2013

UN VESCOVO DEL RINASCIMENTO ED I SUOI LIBRI: RICERCHE PRELIMINARI SULLA COLLEZIONE DI MANOSCRITTI DI PIETRO DEL MONTE (c. 1400-57)

Pietro del Monte, vescovo di Brescia (1442–57), fu identificato da Vespasiano da Bisticci come un appassionato bibliofilo. Attraverso l'identificazione di 66 dei suoi manoscritti e la discussione del suo collezionismo di libri, questo articolo costituisce il primo tentativo di ricostruzione della biblioteca di del Monte. In particolare, viene analizzata l'attività di regolare ed intelligente copista dello stesso del Monte. L'articolo si apre con la descrizione della dispersione dei manoscritti di Del Monte successiva alia sua morte. Alcuni dei suoi libri passarono in proprieta del Cardinal Juan de Torquemada, di Domenico Domenichini (il vescovo successore di del Monte) e di Hernando Colon. La maggior parte dei manoscritti di del Monte passò pero nella collezione di Pietro Barbo, il futuro Paolo II. Conseguentemente, l'identificazione della portata edel significato della biblioteca di del Monte potrebbe far luce sui supposti interessi umanistici del papa.
Inscribed meaning: thevilicaand the villa economy
Authors: Roth Ulrike
Published: August 2013

INTERPRETANDO CIÒ CHE È ISCRITTO: LAVILICAE L'ECONOMIA DELLA VILLA

L'articolo muove dalla discussione sul ruolo generalmente assegnato alla vilica nelle strutture rurali dell'Italia romana per proseguire con una nuova visione dell'economia della villa nel suo insieme. Tradizionalmente lavilicaviene vista come la moglie delvilicus, l'uomomanagerdella villa e il suostatusè stato di conseguenza identificato come di carattere prevalentemente associativo, dipendendo quasi interamente dal suo rapporto personale con un uomo schiavo. La discussione moderna sul significato economico dellavilicaè rimasta per questo ad un livello piuttosto superficiale. Attraverso l'analisi delle fonti epigrafiche, giuridiche e letterarie sosterrò invece che lavilicaè solo raramente la moglie delvilicus, in quanto entrambi avevano di solitopartnersscelti tra i loro schiavi di famiglia. Inoltre sosterrò che il titolovilicasi riferiva più che altro ad una dimensione professionale e che solo in base al riconoscimento del ruolo manageriale dellavilicadal punto di vista giuridico possono essere compresi sia il significato economico dellavilicache il pieno potenziale economico dell'economia della villa stessa.
Eight fragments of the Marble Plan of Rome shedding new light on the Transtiberim
Authors: Tucci Pier Luigi
Published: August 2013

OTTO FRAMMENTI DELLA PIANTA MARMOREA DI ROMA CHE GETTANO NUOVA LUCE SU TRANSTIBERIM

Viene presentata per la prima volta l'identificazione dell'antica topografia delineata sui frammenti 138a–f e 574a–b della Forma Urbis, la pianta marmorea di Settimio Severo. Vi è rappresentato un lungo tratto — finora del tutto sconosciuto — della sponda destra del Tevere, di fronte all'Aventino. Gli edifici non hanno un carattere monumentale: si tratta di strutture e di aree legate al commercio fluviale. Si afFacciano su una strada larga circa 10 m, che rappresenta la continuazione del tratto della via Campana-Portuensis già identificato su un'altra lastra della Pianta. I frammenti suggeriscono che la via, in età severiana, non si dirigeva verso il pons Aemilius, ma si raccordava con un altro ponte, i cui piloni furono demoliti alla fine del XIX secolo. Si trattava evidentemente del pons Sublicius, la cui ubicazione è stata finora dibattuta.
Un confronto tra l'etruria settentrionale e meridionale dal punto di vista della ceramica a vernice nera
Authors: Di Giuseppe Helga
Published: August 2013

UN CONFRONTO TRA L'ETRURIA SETTENTRIONALE E MERIDIONALE DAL PUNTO DI VISTA DELLA CERAMICA A VERNICE NERA

Questo articolo propone una comparazione dell'Etruria settentrionale e meridionale dal punto di vista del ‘comportamento’ della ceramica a vernice nera, il principale fossile guida dell'età repubblicana e tra i principali indicatori della conquista romana e dell'integrazione dei popoli dell'Italia antica. La base documentaria da cui parte lo studio è costituita dalla ceramica a vernice nera proveniente dallo scavo del teatro romano di Volterra, sito in località di Vallebuona, e dalla South Etruria Survey condotta tra gli anni Cinquanta e Settanta da John Ward-Perkins e la sua équipe. La confrontabilità dei due contesti risiede nel fatto che, pur essendo essi stati indagati con tipi di ricerca differenti — uno scavo e una ricognizione — hanno entrambi restituito materiale residuo rappresentato da un numero di frammenti (ca. 11.000, precisamente 3.972 da Volterra e 6.985 dalla South Etruria Survey) sufficientemente significativo dal punto di vista statistico e cronologico, coprendo l'intero arco di produzione e d'uso della classe (IV–I secolo a.C). L'articolo è strutturato in diverse sezioni: una premessa in cui vengono esplicitate le finalità del lavoro, una discussione sui diversi approcci allo studio della ceramica a vernice nera, l'analisi del caso di Volterra, l'analisi del caso dell'Etruria meridionale e la comparazione finale delle due aree. Lo strumento principale di analisi è costituito da un approccio quantitativo che include la cronologia, le produzioni e le forme in uso nelle due aree. Attraverso i momenti di crescita e crollo della ceramica si cercherà di comprendere non solo la storia della sua produzione, ma anche di leggere i più ampi fenomeni storici alla base dei risultati diversi ottenuti nei due comprensori dell'Etruria.
Charlemagne's black marble: the origin of the epitaph of Pope Hadrian I
Authors: Story Joanna , Bunbury Judith , Felici Anna Candida , Fronterotta Gabriele , Piacentini Mario , Nicolais Chiara , Scacciatelli Daria , Sciuti Sebastiano , Vendittelli Margherita
Published: August 2013

IL MARMO NERO DI CARLO MAGNO: L'ORIGINE DELL'EPITAFFIO DI PAPA ADRIANO I

Questo articolo presenta nuove evidenze che identificano l'origine del marmo nero dell'epitaffio di papa Adriano I, conservato attualmente nel portico di San Pietro in Vaticano. L'epitaffio fu commissionato da Carlo Magno dopo la morte di Adriano (avvenuta il 26 dicembre del 795) ed è il più eminente esempio attualmente esistente di epigrafia carolingia. È un pezzo maestro del rinascimento carolingio. Questo articolo dimostra attraverso analisi paleontologiche, petrologiche e geochimiche che la pietra per l'epitaffio fu cavata nei pressi del flume Meuse, vicino Namur in Belgio, in un'area situata all'interno delle estese proprietà della famiglia Carolingia. Inoltre, si deduce che la pietra nera fu scelta con il consapevole intento d'imitare le espressioni classiche delle risorse imperiali, e che unitamente all'indubbia qualita dell'epigrafe e del testo poetico, la scelta del marmo può essere interpretata come una testimonianza di eredità culturale e ambizione imperiale da parte del suo patrono, che fu incoronato Imperatore in Roma nel natale dell'800, in un luogo dal quale era possibile vedere l'iscrizione, cinque anni dopo la morte di Adriano.
Head of an athlete from Falerii Novi
Authors: Downes Sophy
Published: August 2013

RELAZIONE DI SCAVO: TESTA DI UN ATLETA DA FALERII NOVI

L'articolo presenta una testa scultorea di marmo trovata nel 1997 durante le ricognizione eifettuate a Falerii Novi nell'ambito del Progetto Valle del Tevere. La testa viene collocata nel genere delle sculture romane idealizzanti, e datata al I secolo a.C. grazie al confronto con altre statue ellenizzanti coeve. Si considera anche la scultura nel contesto storico di Falerii Novi e Veteres, in particolare le possibili origini falische della nuova città e si esaminano i dati degli scavi condotti nel sito nel XIX secolo per suggerire una possibile punto di ritrovamento e di esposizione nel teatro e nel complesso termale della città.
Potentia: an integrated survey of a Roman colony on the Adriatic coast
Authors: Vermeulen Frank , Hay Sophie , Verhoeven Geert
Published: August 2013

POTENTIA: UNA RICOGNIZIONE INTEGRATA DI UNA COLONIA ROMANA SULLA COSTA ADRIATICA

La ricerca presentata in questa sede integra i risultati di una ricognizione archeologica intensiva nell'area urbana della colonia romana di Potentia (regione Marche). Di recente per la ricerca sono stati impiegati vari metodi non distruttivi di ricognizione, come la fotografia aerea obliqua, la ricognizione geofisica, la ricognizione geomorfologica e quella intensiva. I risultati di un precederte lavoro di scavo, lo studio delle fonti antiche e dei manufatti trovati sono integrati in un nuovo appioccio all'urbanizzazione di questa colonia dell'Adriatico. In questa sede viene presentata una pianta completamente nuova e molto più dettagliata del tessuto urbano di Potentia, comprendente l'intero sistema stradale e le difese urbane, il Foro, vari complessi monumentali e molti elementi dell'edilizia domestica e delle strutture funerarie. Questo lavoro è parte del Potenza Valley Survey, che mira a una nuova comprensione della romanizzazione e urbanizzazione di questa regione dell'Italia centro adriatica.
Towards a history of pre-Roman Pompeii: excavations beneath the House of Amarantus (I.9.11–12), 1995–8
Authors: Fulford Michael , Wallace-Hadrill Andrew
Published: August 2013

VERSO UNA STORIA DELLA POMPEI PRE-ROMANA: SCAVI AL DI SOTTO DELLA CASA DI AMARANTO (I.9.11–12), 1995–8

Scavi condotti al di sotto della casa di Amaranto (I.9.11–12) a Pompei hanno prodotto evidenze della più antica occupazione dell'area. Tali ritrovamenti sono discussi nel presente articolo. Con l'eccezione di alcune tracce di presenza preistorica, la sequenza va dal VI al I secolo a.C, quando la casa fu costruita. Un resoconto della sequenza stratigrafica è presentato insieme ad una descrizione dei vari reperti, in particolare la ceramica, i resti faunistici e quelli botanici. Il recupero di una parte della struttura del sesto secolo, che ha uno stesso orientamento rispetto a quello della casa del primo secolo, e del tracciato stradale ad esse associato, porta a considerazioni sullo sviluppo e la natura della città nel periodo arcaico. Viene qui suggerito che la topografia della parte orientale della città si sia originata già alla fine del sesto secolo. Altri aspetti dell'evidenza archeologica, quali la continuità dell'occupazione, le attività economiche, le attività rituali e cambiamenti nella densità dell'occupazione, vengono anche discussi.