bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking nutritional and functional insights: exploring the impact of germination time on bean protein isolate
Authors: Srenuja Dekka , Hema Vincent , Anand Maria Tito , Jagan Mohan Rangarajan , Vidyalakshmi Rajagopal
Published: November 2023

The study aims to investigate the effect of germination time on kidney bean protein isolate (KBPI), enhancing its nutritional and functional qualities to fill a knowledge gap. Using an alkaline extraction‐isoelectric precipitation strategy, KBPI was extracted with different germination periods (0–72 h). Germination up to 48 h significantly increased GKBPI (germinated kidney bean protein isolate) yield to 44.01%–50.01%, with G48H at 81.20% showing the highest protein recovery at 45 °C. Essential amino acids like valine and threonine were notably retained up to 48 h at 45 °C, preserving GKBPI's nutritional profile. Gelling capacity, protein solubility, foaming and emulsification properties were favourable at 35 °C with 48‐h germinated samples, making GKBPI versatile for food applications. GKBPI also displayed antioxidant activity, with DPPH% values ranging from 20.19% to 24.47%. After 72 h of germination, phytic acid levels decreased by 47.94%, leading to higher in vitro protein digestibility (IVDP) in G48R (germinated kidney bean for 48 h at 35 °C alkali extraction temperature; 82.82%) and G48H (germinated kidney bean for 48 h at 45 °C alkali extraction temperature; 85.55%) due to reduced anti‐nutrients. The study delves into the novelty of germination time's impact on KBPI. Extended germination, up to 48 h, increases protein yield, recovery, IVDP, antioxidant activity and enhances functional properties and reduced anti‐nutrients which indicates that GKBPI has significant potential as an ingredient for various food applications. However, further research is needed for in vitro data, toxins profile and a comprehensive understanding of its practical, economic and health‐related implications.
Association of serum amyloid A and prognosis in people with diabetes and COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qu Duoduo , Liu Jia , Zhou Lihua , Yang Yaling , Wu Chenwei , Xu Xinyue , Zhu Qin , Wang Chunhong , Zhao Xiaolong
Published: November 2023

Aims/Introduction

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase reactive protein that plays a vital role in the early diagnosis, risk prediction, efficacy observation and prognosis evaluation of infectious diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between SAA levels and the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We carried out this retrospective cohort study from March 2022 to May 2022. The population was stratified by tertiles of SAA levels: low (<8.5 mg/L), medium (8.5–36 mg/L) and high (>36 mg/L). The primary outcome was whether the patient developed severe COVID‐19, and secondary outcomes included the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with COVID‐19 and diabetes.

Results

We analyzed 910 diabetes patients with COVID‐19. The median age of the patients was 69 years, and 52.3% were men. As SAA levels increased, the proportion of severe COVID‐19 (6.3% vs 7.3% vs 22.8%, P < 0.001) and the proportion of invasive mechanical ventilation also increased among the three groups. Patients with high SAA levels had a longer length of hospital stay compared with patients with medium SAA and low SAA levels. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that SAA >36 mg/L further increased the odds ratio to 4.423 (P < 0.001) for the development of severe COVID‐19 compared with low SAA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and sex, confirmed that SAA >36 mg/L remained an independent risk factor for the development of severe COVID‐19 (adjusted odds ratio 3.038, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

SAA levels are strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID‐19 and diabetes.
Performance of biological and chemical nematicides in different soils to control Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants
Authors: Loffredo Angelo , Edwards Scott , Ploeg Antoon , Becker J. Ole
Published: November 2023

Three fluorinated, one carbamate nematicide, as well as two biological control agents were tested in greenhouse trials to determine their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants in three different soils. Each soil was treated with one of the following chemical nematicides at the labelled rate: fluensulfone, fluopyram, fluazaindolizine, and oxamyl. The biocontrol agents used were Metacordyceps chlamydosporia and Pasteuria penetrans. In one additional treatment, a combination of the biocontrol agents was applied. After 60 days, root‐knot nematode population data, tomato plant growth, and root galling were assessed. Of the chemical nematicide treatments, fluazaindolizine had the strongest effect on M. incognita J2 in soil, with a 99% reduction relative to the untreated control. More than 99% reduction in the number of eggs per root system was achieved by all three fluorinated nematicides. The strongest effect on M. incognita J2 in soil by a biological control agent was in a combined M. chlamydosporia + P. penetrans treatment that resulted in an 87% reduction. This combined treatment was also the most effective on the eggs per root system, reducing the number of eggs by 69% relative to the untreated control. The different soils affected the efficacy of the biocontrol agents more than the efficacy of the fluorinated nematicides. For example, the percentage reduction in M. incognita J2 by the biocontrol treatments ranged from 40% to 65% for the three soils. For the fluorinated nematicides this range was 96% to 97%. These trials demonstrate the influence of the growth substrate on the efficacy of the biocontrol treatments. Overall, the tested biological control agents did not match the novel nematicides' early protection of tomato transplants.
Suicide‐related disclosure patterns among culturally minoritized youth: Examining differences across race, ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation
Authors: Shin Ki Eun , Spears Angela Page , Zhang Renjie , Cha Christine B.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Sharing one's suicidal thoughts and behaviors, or suicide‐related disclosure, allows adolescents to recruit help from others. Despite elevated risk among culturally minoritized youth, their suicide‐related disclosure remains understudied.

Methods

191 adolescents (M = 15.98, SD = 1.04, range = 13–17), including minoritized youth (38% racially, 19% ethnically, 40% gender, and 77% sexually), were recruited via social media ads and completed an anonymous online survey on suicide‐related disclosure to informal support sources (e.g., family, friends). Disclosure rates, targets, and reasons for disclosure and nondisclosure were compared based on race, ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation.

Results

Racially minoritized adolescents less often disclosed suicidal ideation and more strongly endorsed fear of negative reactions and resistance to intervention as reasons for nondisclosure, and reciprocity as reasons for disclosure, than White adolescents. Cisgender adolescents less often disclosed suicidal ideation and more strongly endorsed dismissal of suicide risk as reasons for nondisclosure than gender minoritized adolescents. Non‐Hispanic adolescents more strongly endorsed help‐seeking as reasons for disclosure than Hispanic adolescents. While adolescents overall disclosed most often to friends, heterosexual adolescents disclosed more to family than sexually minoritized adolescents.

Conclusion

Racial and gender disparities in suicide‐related disclosure may occur for distinct reasons among adolescents. Uncovering patterns of disclosure may facilitate detection of suicide risk among minoritized youth.
Bold ideas, daunting challenges
Grace in All Simplicity
Robert N. Cahn and Chris Quigg
Pegasus, 2023. 400 pp.
Authors: Halpern Paul
Published: November 2023

A vibrant history traces the triumphs and missteps of quantum, nuclear, and particle physics
Draft genome sequences of biofuel production microalgae
Auxenochlorella protothecoides
and
Chlorella sorokiniana
Authors: Shwed P. S. , Bernatchez S. , Leveque G.
Published: November 2023

Green microalgae are used in biofuel production. To contribute to the knowledge of the Chlorellaceae family, the
de novo
assembled draft genome sequences of
Auxenochlorella protothecoides
Kruger and
Chlorella sorokiniana
Shihira and Krauss are presented.
Olovnikov, Telomeres, and Telomerase. Is It Possible to Prolong a Healthy Life?
Authors: Yegorov Yegor E.
Published: November 2023

The science of telomeres and telomerase has made tremendous progress in recent decades. In this review, we consider it first in a historical context (the Carrel–Hayflick–Olovnikov–Blackburn chain of discoveries) and then review current knowledge on the telomere structure and dynamics in norm and pathology. Central to the review are consequences of the telomere shortening, including telomere position effects, DNA damage signaling, and increased genetic instability. Cell senescence and role of telomere length in its development are discussed separately. Therapeutic aspects and risks of telomere lengthening methods including use of telomerase and other approaches are also discussed.
Prescribing of evidence-based diabetes pharmacotherapy in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Alexopoulos Anastasia-Stefania , Parish Alice , Olsen Maren , Batch Bryan C , Moylan Cynthia , Crowley Matthew J
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pioglitazone and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are medications used in T2D that can resolve MASH and should be considered in all patients with T2D and MASH. We assessed prescription rates of evidence-based T2D pharmacotherapy (EBP) in MASH, and ascertained racial/ethnic disparities in prescribing.

Research design and methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients in Duke University Health System with diagnosis codes for T2D and MASH between January 2019 and January 2021. Only patients with ≥1 primary care or endocrinology encounter were included. The primary outcome was EBP, defined as ≥1 prescription for pioglitazone and/or a GLP-1RA during the study period. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the primary outcome.

Results

A total of 847 patients with T2D and MASH were identified; mean age was 59.7 (SD 12) years, 61.9% (n=524) were female, and 11.9% (n=101) and 4.6% (n=39) were of Black race and Latino/a/x ethnicity, respectively. EBP was prescribed in 34.8% (n=295). No significant differences were noted in the rates of EBP use across racial/ethnic groups (Latino/a/x vs White patients: adjusted OR (aOR) 1.82, 95% CI 0.78 to 4.28; Black vs White patients: aOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.33, p=0.20).

Conclusions

EBP prescriptions, especially pioglitazone, are low in patients with T2D and MASH, regardless of race/ethnicity. These data underscore the need for interventions to close the gap between current and evidence-based care.
Prevalence of Malaria Parasite among Pregnant Women Attending to Saudi Kassala Teaching Hospital in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan
Authors: Idris Nour Alnaeem Abdalla , Karrar Tafawl Ibrahim , Kebayer Mohamed Hassan Ahmed , Abd Elwahid Mohamed Nada Ali , Mohammed Zarroug Khadega Suleiman , Ismael Hajrhma Mohammedahmed Hajrhma , Salah Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Objective. Malaria during pregnancy is a priority area for malaria research and control as pregnant women represent a high risk group for severe malaria, and the presentation of malaria during pregnancy varies according to the level of transmission in the area; so the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rates of malaria parasite among pregnant women attending to Saudi Kassala Teaching hospital in Kassala state, 2022. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Saudi Kassala Teaching hospital in Kassala State. This study involved one hundred and eighty-five blood samples collected from pregnant women who was then examined by using blood films and ICT for malaria, and the data were collected by a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results. The prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was 2.2% (95% CI: 0.006–0.054). There was no significant difference among the different age groups with respect to the prevalence of malaria (

P

value = 0.483). The prevalence of malaria in rural residency was 2.2%, and this was significantly more common than the urban residency (

P

value = 0.021). When compared across the gestational trimesters, there was no significant difference between them (

P

value = 0.518). The number of gravidity is not related to malaria infection (

P

value = 0.737). The presence of symptom compliant of malaria during pregnancy does not suggest the presence of malaria (

P

value = 0.152). No difference was found between the different educational levels with respect to the prevalence of malaria (

P

value = 0.362). The result showed that there was 1 (0.5%) negative result in ICT which was positive in blood film for malaria (BFFM) and there were 3 (1.6%) positive malaria parasites by both methods in all 185 samples with statistically insignificant differences (

P

 = 0.703). Conclusion. Plasmodium falciparum was only species detected in this study. Malaria among pregnant women was more prevalent in rural areas. However, other factors such as age, gestational age, gravidity, and educational level do not affect the prevalence of malaria in pregnant women. The presence of symptomatic compliant of malaria during pregnancy does not suggest the presence of malaria. The use of ICT or BFFM has similar diagnostic outcome for malaria in pregnancy.
Validation of In-Room UV-C-Based Air Cleaners
Authors: Li Xing , Blatchley Ernest R.
Published: November 2023

The risks to human health posed by airborne pathogens can be mitigated by the use of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation. In general, UV-C-based systems should be applied in a manner that allows effective inactivation of airborne pathogens, while controlling human exposure to below defined limits. Among the methods used to apply UV-C radiation in indoor settings to meet these objectives are UV-C-based air cleaners. These devices can be effective for the control of airborne pathogens, but methods are needed to quantify and validate their performance. To address this need, an experiment-based method and a mathematical model were developed to quantify the effects of UV-C-based air cleaners on the concentration of an aerosolized, viral challenge agent. The method and model were demonstrated to allow quantification of disinfection efficacy and to allow translation of the results from the test environment to the application environment. The primary figure-of-merit from these tests was the clean air delivery rate (CADR), which is commonly used to characterize the disinfection efficacy of these devices. The ability of a validated air cleaner to improve indoor air quality in application settings is simulated based on the measured value of CADR from laboratory tests and the mathematical model.
Childhood Overweight/Obesity amidst Migration, Socioeconomic Factors, and Obesogenic Behaviors: Insights from the Growing Up in New Zealand Study
Authors: Rahimi Mehdi , Bartley Allen , Hashemi Ladan
Published: November 2023

Research on migration as a risk factor for obesity has produced inconsistent findings. Potential influence of migration as a social determinant of obesity has not been previously explored in New Zealand (NZ) as a migrant receiving country. This study aimed to investigate the link between maternal migration status and residential duration and childhood overweight/obesity risk in NZ, considering sociodemographic characteristics and obesogenic behaviors. Data on 5,506 4- to 5-year-old children and their mothers were taken from a large and nationally representative cohort study in NZ (the Growing Up in NZ Study). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between maternal migration status, maternal residential duration, and child’s overweight/obesity risk and the risk of adopting obesogenic behaviors independent of socioeconomic influences. A lower proportion of children of foreign-born mothers presented with overweight/obesity (26%) at age 5 years compared with children of NZ-born mothers (29.6%) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.74, 0.98)). Maternal residential duration had no association with children’s weight status among migrant families. Regarding obesogenic behaviors, the findings were mixed with children of foreign-born mothers having lower odds of consuming fast food (AOR 0.77, 95% CI (0.65, 0.91)) and soft drinks (AOR 0.87, 95% CI (0.76, 0.99)); however, they had higher odds of having inadequate sleep duration (AOR 2.25, 95% CI (1.85, 2.73)). The lower prevalence of overweight/obesity and lower odds of consuming fast foods and soft drinks among children of foreign-born mothers indicate potential protective factors within migrant families. However, the increased likelihood of inadequate sleep duration highlights an area of concern that warrants further attention and intervention. The findings emphasize the importance of considering diverse social determinants of health and specific risk factors when developing targeted interventions to address childhood overweight/obesity.
Resúmenes Analíticos de las Tesis del programa de Magíster en Contabilidad y Auditoría, tercera parte
Authors: Caiceo Escudero Jaime , Lagos Guerrero Marcela , Jara Méndez Gabriela
Published: November 2023

Continuando con la difusión de las tesis realizadas en el Programa de Magíster en Contabilidad y Auditoría de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, iniciada en el número uno de Summa de Arithmetica, a través de resúmenes analíticos para que sirvan de fuente para investigaciones futuras, tanto para alumnos como también para la comunidad científica en general. En esta ocasión se presentan 17 resúmenes analíticos de gran parte de las tesis realizadas entre los años 2010 y 2012, correspondiendo la mayoría al año 2011. En esta oportunidad se encuentran tesis, tanto de alumnos que han realizado sus estudios normales en Chile como las de aquéllos que han participado en el Programa de Estudiantes de Colombia. Se agrupan en cinco áreas: Auditoría (9), Contabilidad (4), Control de Gestión (1), Costos (2) y Sistemas de Información (1); la cantidad en cada área revela el peso que tiene el control -base de la Auditoría-, dentro del Programa, puesto que si se suman las áreas de Auditoría y Control de Gestión se obtiene un 58.8% con ese enfoque.
Podem as coisas falar? De uma tela de Rembrandt a um poema de Montale
Authors: Ferrari Luís Felipe
Published: November 2023

Este ensaio busca aproximar duas obras marcadamente diferentes em gênero e contexto: uma natureza-morta do século XVII e um poema do segundo decênio do século XX. A comparação busca iluminar, a partir da afinidade estrutural percebida entre as obras, uma forma de configuração centrada na representação de objetos afastados da ação e da interação humanas. A análise procura salientar algumas tensões ligadas a essa estrutura (mergulho na objetividade ou liquidação do sujeito, descoberta do significado material e cultural dos objetos ou tendência à abstração?), indicando alguns dos valores contraditórios que a técnica da descrição pode conter.
A mentira e a autobiografia: formas da crítica, formas da ficção
Authors: Silva Gabriel Martins da
Published: November 2023

Este ensaio busca apresentar as diferentes formulações ao redor do vinco entre autobiografia e experiência vivida, ou ainda, entre mentira, vida e obra. Assim, Silviano Santiago, a um só tempo teórico e ficcionista, vem à baila como um operador para as discussões que se sucedem. Parte-se de alguns textos fundamentais para as discussões em torno do gênero autobiográfico para tentar, de maneira inicial, traçar algumas linhas que norteiam o debate sobre sua formação histórica. Desse modo, a relação entre verdade e mentira revela-se uma dimensão central para o escrutínio crítico dos limites e horizontes dessa forma escritural. Ao fazer uso dos diversos registros, heterogêneos em si, no limite, precisa-se haver com a problematização quase secular do estatuto da escrita autobiográfica e com a maneira pela qual esse gênero é posto em discussão e acotovelado em algumas incursões de Silviano Santiago.
A escrita a contrapelo: detalhes menores e a busca pela memória soterrada
Authors: Menezes Matheus
Published: November 2023

Este ensaio se propõe a analisar o romance “Detalhe Menor” da escritora palestina Adania Shibli. A análise se atenta à crítica feroz ao empreendimento colonial israelense sobre o território palestino, entendendo que o romance se enquadra dentro de um movimento maior de parte da literatura contemporânea, ou seja, narrativas que buscam revisar a história pelo ponto de vista do oprimido. Mobilizando a ideia de “escrever a história a contrapelo”, de Walter Benjamin, busca-se pensar a literatura como uma forma possível de escrever a história a contrapelo, isto é, uma escrita literária interessada em rever as continuidades e descontinuidades históricas por uma perspectiva que não a dos discursos oficiais.
O dente do ancinho
Authors: Català Víctor , Siphone Raquel Abuin
Published: November 2023

Tradução do conto “O dente do ancinho” (La pua de rampí, em catalão), de Victor Català.
Três poemas de Emily Brontë (1818-1848)
Authors: Brontë Emily , Costa Júlia Mota Silva
Published: November 2023

Apresenta-se a tradução inédita em português brasileiro de três poemas da escritora inglesa Emily Brontë (1818-1848). Mundialmente conhecida pelo seu único romance, Wuthering Heights (1847), Brontë deixou cerca de 200 poemas, os quais, entretanto, permaneceram à margem da fortuna crítica da autora, particularmente no Brasil. Considerando-se que a única tradução da poesia de Emily Brontë editada em livro, no Brasil, é a de Lúcio Cardoso — uma seleção de 33 poemas, publicada na década de 1940 pela José Olympio, sob o título de Vento da Noite, hoje editada pela Civilização Brasileira —, com as traduções aqui apresentadas, pretende-se contribuir, conquanto timidamente, para minimizar essa lacuna de mais de 160 poemas nunca vertidos para o português brasileiro.
Passado no presente: memória e identidade
Authors: Lourenço Maria Cecilia França
Published: November 2023

O desafio proposto para a edição número 15 da Revista ARA USP volta-se ao tema: “Memória e representação do passado recente”. Neste século, há pouco, o cuidado com a memória sofreu inúmeras mudanças, cujas razões e ações se deseja debater. Remanescentes locais, regionais, nacionais, entre outros, foram valorizados, por órgãos preservacionistas no próprio território e no âmbito mundial. Uma série de Sítios Arqueológicos em dois países da América Latina foram selecionados para se visitar: Peru e Bolívia, ante o tratamento singular dado à diversidade étnica e cultural, que apresentam. O Brasil contrasta com tal postura, na busca de se reconciliar criticamente com o passado, porém, ainda assim a memória age, como se constata nas convulsões de segmentos postos à margem.
Imāmī Theological Thought in the Early Seventh/Thirteenth Century: Sālim b. Maḥfūẓ Ibn ʿUzayza (or ʿ⁠Azīza) and His K. al-Minhāj
Authors: Ansari Hassan , Nazari Hamid Ataei , Schmidtke Sabine
Published: November 2023

MS Tehran, Malik 1650 includes not only one of the earliest witnesses of al-Miqdād b. ʿ⁠Abd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-Ḥillī al-Suyūrī’s (d. 826/1422–23) al-Anwār al-jalāliyya li-l-Fuṣūl al-naṣīriyya, completed in 852/1448, but also a quotation from the otherwise lost K. al-Minhāj, a theological summa by the early seventh/thirteenth-century Imāmī scholar Sālim b. Maḥfūṭ Ibn ʿUzayza (or ʿ⁠Azīza) that was popular among Imāmī scholars of al-Ḥilla until the ninth/fifteenth century. The present study discusses the scarce available data about Sālim b. Maḥfūẓ and the reception of his K. al-Minhāj, and it includes an editio princeps of the portion of the work that is preserved in MS Malik 1650.
Manuscript Treasures from Najaf in Carl Brockelmann’s Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur
Authors: Schmidtke Sabine
Published: November 2023

In the 1890s, Carl Brockelmann (d. 1956) embarked on a mission to compile single-handedly a bibliography of the entire extant Muslim literary tradition in the Arabic language. Though the task proved impossible to accomplish in full, the supplement volumes (published in 1937, 1938, and 1942) and the second edition (published in 1943 and 1949) that eventually replaced the original Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (GAL) remain an indispensable tool for Arabists and Islamicists today, especially for the mid-fifth/eleventh century and later. Little is known about how Brockelmann went about his work in the decades between the publication of the original GAL and the late 1930s and 1940s, when he was preparing the supplements and the second edition. Access to the relevant primary and secondary material proved challenging and variable over the course of Brockelmann’s career. The difficulties he encountered in consulting the relevant materials were partly alleviated by the support he received from colleagues, especially Hellmut Ritter (d. 1971), who was based in Istanbul and had access to the rich manuscript holdings of the local libraries. However, the importance of Ritter’s contributions to Brockelmann’s work goes beyond these manuscripts. For example, Ritter provided Brockelmann with two documents concerning the manuscript treasures of Najaf: a letter he had received in March 1936 from a young scholar in Najaf, ʿ⁠Alī al-Khāqānī (d. 1400/1979 or 1980), in which the latter described a selection of locally held manuscripts, and a handwritten catalogue by one Najafābādī. Eventually Brockelmann also had access to the first two volumes of Āghā Buzurg al-Ṭihrānī’s (d. 1389/1970) al-Dharīʿ⁠a ilā taṣānīf al-Shīʿ⁠a, his third important source for the manuscripts of Najaf. The present study analyses Brockelmann’s usage of these three sources.
A Manual of Zaydī Muʿtazilī Dogmatic Texts from Early Sixth/Twelfth-Century Iran
Authors: Ansari Hassan , Zadeh Ammar Jomah Falahieh , Foroughi Rouhallah , Khalkhali Ehsan Mousavi , Schmidtke Sabine
Published: November 2023

MS Riyadh, Maktabat Malik Fahd al-Waṭaniyya 748 is a multitext volume copied by al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. ʿAlī Ibn Abī l-ʿAshīra in 552/1157 in Ṣaʿda. It consists of doctrinal texts by Zaydī and Muʿtazilī authors, invariably Iranian. The codex is the only known extant witness of all but two of the tracts it includes (the exceptions being Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī b. Ismāʿīl al-Farrazādhī’s K. Taʿlīq al-Tabṣira and Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-Dāʿī al-Ḥasanī’s K. Ḥaqāʾiq al-aʿrāḍ wa-aḥwālihā wa-sharḥihā), and two of its tracts, K. al-Nasīm fī l-uṣūl by one Abū Jaʿfar and K. Muhaj al-ʿulūm by Muʿādh b. Abī l-Khayr al-Hamadhānī, are not even attested in the relevant biobibliographical sources. This study includes critical editions of the doctrinal tracts included in the majmūʿa as well as an additional tract preserved in a related codex that was apparently also copied by Ibn Abī l-ʿAshīra (MS Milan, Ambrosiana, ar. E 462). The edited tracts include Abū l-Faḍl al-ʿAbbās Ibn Sharwīn’s K. al-Wujūh allatī taʿẓumu ʿalayhā l-ṭāʿāt ʿinda llāh, his K. al-Yāqūta, and his Ḥaqāʾiq al-ashyāʾ, ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Hamadhānī’s Ḥudūd al-alfāẓ, Ibn al-Dāʿī’s K. Ḥaqāʾiq al-aʿrāḍ wa-aḥwālihā wa-sharḥihā, the extant part of the K. al-Nasīm fī l-uṣūl, K. Muhaj al-ʿulūm, by Muʿādh b. Abī l-Khayr al-Hamadhānī, fragments of two theological summae by unidentified Zaydī scholars, and collections of doctrinal definitions of uncertain authorship.
Paclitaxel Loaded Hyaluronic Acid Polymerized Nanoparticles Designed for Ovarian Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Bowen , Huang Luyao , Zhou Zishuo , Yin Shanmei , Xi Mingrong
Published: November 2023

We aimed to develop an ovarian cancer-directed drug delivery system based on the high affinity of hyaluronic acid for CD44. The effects and mechanisms of hyaluronic acid-containing nanoparticles were investigated. The expression of CD44 in ovarian cancer was also determined. Hyaluronic
acid polymerized nanoparticles (HANPs), FITC-HANPs, and paclitaxel (PTX)-HANPs were prepared, and their characteristics were evaluated. The in vitro targetability and cytotoxicity properties of PTX-HANPs were evaluated through in vitro drug uptake and cytotoxicity assays. The
mechanisms of PTX-HANPs activity were investigated by apoptosis, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays. In vivo targeting properties of HANPs were observed using a mouse ID8 subcutaneous model. in vitro experiments revealed an improved uptake of FITC-HANPs. The cytotoxicity
of PTX-HANPs in A2780/CP70 and ID8 cells was higher than that of PTX alone. PTX-HANPs increased cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited a similar ability as PTX to inhibit cell migration. Furthermore, HANPs did not promote A2780/CP70 or ID8 cell migration and showed limited
inhibitory effects on their invasion. In vivo drug tracing experiments demonstrated the targetability of FITC-HANPs. In conclusion, PTX-HANPs improved PTX targetability and exhibited potent tumor-specific therapeutic activities. It may be considered a promising formulation for the preclinical
development of agents targeting epithelial ovarian cancer.
A Facilely Prepared Adhesive Dressing Derived from Non-Ionic Hydrogel for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Wang Wei , Jian Jia-Hong , Wong Nai-Kei , Li Jie , Jin Long , Zhang Yi , Guan Bai-Ou
Published: November 2023

Hydrogels are an important category of polymeric materials with physicochemical features such as moisturizability and biocompatibility that are ideal for developing dressings for diabetic wounds. However, conventional non-ionic hydrogel materials generally exhibit poor mechanical properties
and poor adhesion, which compromise their ability to self-sustain in mechanically dynamic wound microenvironments. In this research, we developed a hybrid hydrogel as a highly biocompatible adhesive wound dressing that met the mechanical requirements of the skin to promote chronic wound healing
in diabetic mouse models. A 7.5% (w/v) hydrogel corresponded to a Young’s modulus of 6.3 kPa. In vitro cell-based and subcutaneous implantation experiments in mice demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility and optimal biodegradability of hydrogel dressings. In a diabetic mouse
splint wound model for evaluating wound healing in vivo, the hydrogel dressing showed robust adhesion to the wound and efficiently accommodated mechanical deformations around the wound, resulting in significantly improved healing rates of chronic diabetic wounds. Thus, our work illustrates
a newly alternative strategy for the simple and efficacious treatment of chronic wounds in the context of diabetes care.
Construction of an Artificial Neural Network Model for Predicting Ankle Ligament Injury Based on the Results of Ultrasonic Shear Wave Technology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zhang Jiong , Zhao Ying , Zheng Yue , Fang Qinmao , He Xin , Ren Guowei
Published: November 2023

We aimed to study the factors influencing the extent of anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneal ligament (CFL) injuries in acute ankle fractures based on construction of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model. Differences in various baseline data, including personal data,
anthropometric data, disease history, and life history, were compared among patients with ATFL injury, ATFL+CFL injury, and ATFL fracture. Factors influencing the ATFL injury/ATFL+CFL injury/ATFL fracture were analyzed using logistic regression, and an artificial neural network (ANN) model
for predicting ATFL fracture was constructed using the tensor flow framework. Advanced age (OR= 36.33, 95%CI (15.72, 60.62)), male (OR = 21.21, 95%CI (5, 39.92)), high BMI (OR = 0.03, 95%CI (−0.31 0.37)), exercise duration (OR = 0.48, 95%CI (−14.66, 18.3)), and history of diabetes
(OR = 16.98, 95%CI (−76.44, 480.78)) may all be influential factors in the ATFL and CFL injury/ATFL rupture. We constructed three neural layers, the first containing 11 ganglia, the second containing 7 ganglia, and the third containing 5 ganglia, and after 10 iterations the ANN model
LOSS values were reduced to the lowest and scatter plots were made of the true and predicted values with some linear trend and better prediction. Advanced age, male, high BMI, length of exercise, and history of diabetes may be influential factors in the ATFL and CFL injuries/ATFL rupture.
Applying the tensor flow framework, the ANN algorithm was constructed to predict the occurrence of ATFL fracture with good results.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammation
Authors: Zhang Qiong
Published: November 2023

Eccentric exercise (EE) may lead to skeletal muscle injury, including oxidative stress and inflammation induction. Ginsenoside Rg1, a glycosylated triterpene present in the traditional Chinese medicine ginseng, was previously shown to prevent the development of multiple diseases through
the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, this article hopes to investigate whether Rg1 exhibits anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD). Additionally, Adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with
Rg1 (20 or 40 mg/kg) every day before EE for 5 consecutive days. The impact of Rg1 administration on levels of serum creatine kinase was evaluated, followed by observation of histological muscle damage through H&E staining. To assess protein nitrotyrosylation, lipid peroxidation and leukocyte
infiltration in rat skeletal muscles, the levels of nitrotyrosine, MDA and MPO protein were analysed through western blotting analysis. The inflammatory response was evaluated by detecting iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α mRNA and protein levels in rat skeletal
muscles. The regulation of Rg1 on the NF-κB pathway was examined through the analysis of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and IκBα protein levels. Result display, EE resulted in elevated serum creatine kinase levels, widespread leukocyte infiltration,
and notable muscle cell vacuolization and fragmentation in muscles. Furthermore, EE increased nitrotyrosine, MDA, MPO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α levels in rats. However, these changes were reversed by Rg1 treatment. Furthermore, EE-induced upregulation
in phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and IκBα levels was counteracted by Rg1. Overall, ginsenoside Rg1 plays an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory role in EEIMD through suppressing this NF-κB signaling pathway.
Therapeutic Effects of Lycopene on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury: Regulation of the PINK1/Parkin Signaling Pathway and Mitochondrial Autophagy
Authors: Hou Benchao , Zhao Lili , Min Jia , Wang Xiuhong , Huang Jian , Xia Haimei , Liu Tianyin
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of lycopene (Lyc) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). ALI cell models were established using A549 cells treated with LPS. Cell viability was assessed using cell counting kit-8. ALI cells
were treated with Lyc, mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) activator Valinomycin, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and JC-1 probe staining. ROS and adenosine triphosphate
levels were determined using dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining. Western blot assessed the expression levels of light chain 3 (LC3), Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, PINK1, and Parkin. An LPS-induced ALI rat model was treated with different concentrations of Lyc. Lung
injury was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured by ELISA combined with magnetic nanoparticles. In this study, different concentrations of Lyc treatment enhanced cell survival. Additionally,
Lyc treatment reduced the cell apoptosis rate, decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and ROS level in ALI cells, and inhibited the expression of LC3, Beclin-1, PINK1, and Parkin. Consistent effects were seen in Lyc, CsA, Valinomycin, and NAC groups, suggesting similar impacts. In animal
experiments, Lyc treatment significantly mitigated edema, inflammation, and autophagy in lung tissues. Furthermore, Lyc exhibited a protective effect on ALI cells by regulating PINK1/Parkin pathway and inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy. Overall, Lyc regulates mitochondrial autophagy in LPS-induced
ALI with practical significance for studying its pharmacological mechanism and theoretical implications for understanding autophagy in ALI.
On null-subject languages and the Overt Pronoun Constraint: A comparison of English, Mandarin and Japanese
Authors: Su Yi-ching , Hsieh Ho-Yun , Tankersley Devin , Chen Chia-Hsing
Published: November 2023

This study reports on findings from two experiments investigating the interpretive patterns of overt pronouns in an embedded subject position with three types of matrix subjects (i.e. a referential NP, a quantified NP, or a wh-phrase) in Mandarin, English, and Japanese. According to the Overt Pronoun Constraint (OPC), overt pronouns in null-subject languages cannot have bound-variable interpretation, i.e. they cannot be bound by a quantified NP or a wh-phrase. This constraint has been assumed to be universal and accessible for learners at early stages of second language (L2) acquisition. The results of Experiment 1 show that, although Mandarin is a null-subject language, Mandarin and English native speakers as well as L2 learners of both languages demonstrated similar patterns of interpretation, accepting both coreference readings and bound-variable readings, the latter being contrary to the prediction of the OPC. The results of Experiment 2 show that Japanese native speakers differed from Mandarin native speakers in that the former accepted both coreference readings and bound-variable readings at chance levels. These findings clearly demonstrate that the OPC cannot be characterized as a property of null-subject languages generally, given the lack of effect in Mandarin, and there are cross-linguistic variations in interpretive patterns for overt pronouns among languages that exhibit the effect.
Building state centrality through state selective financialization: Reconfiguring the land reserve system in China
Authors: Feng Yi , Wu Fulong , Zhang Fangzhu
Published: November 2023

The state has been pivotal in both facilitating financialization and dealing with its consequences, through which the state itself has also been reshaped. This paper proposes a “state selective financialization” framework to highlight the intentionality and selectivity of the state in (de)financialization. Based on practices in China, we examine the latest state efforts to reconfigure the land reserve system in order to cope with local financial risks associated with land-backed borrowing. The state de-leverages reserved land locally and uses it to secure bonds through a state-managed top-down process. The changing mechanism demonstrates the central state’s intentional role in selecting financial instruments and recentralizing its control over land financialization, whereby it has tried to mitigate financial risks and oversee local development. Instead of financialization versus de-financialization, we find financialization in China is a selective governance tactic to address state concerns. Moreover, rather than seeing financialization as a process outside the state, this research emphasizes that selective financialization is an internal process to reconsolidate the power of the central state and rebuild alignment among multi-scalar state actors.
Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable seaweed-based paper battery for sustainable energy storage
Authors: Dharamsi Preeti , Patel Vijay , Joshi Unnati , Yadav Arvind , Oza Ankit D , Prakash Chander , Singh Bharat
Published: November 2023

This article deals with the design and development of a seaweed-based paper battery, synthesized using different material coatings. Batteries have a high potential to power up the next generation of medical devices, electronics and hybrid vehicles but it require high working capacity. With the presence of several deficiencies like a regular, fluctuating voltage, spill out and damage issues, itching and irritation during human direct contact with wet and non-paper batteries, a need for dry and paper-based batteries has arisen. The design and fabrication of paper-based batteries with enhanced electrochemical and structural stability play a pivotal role to fix the above-mentioned problems. A battery made up of seaweed paper offers remarkable capacity with better performance and also helps to avoid the use of wood-based paper. The battery has been prepared with different materials of cathode and electrolyte, which are further tested for identifying an optimum match in terms of generated voltage. A biodegradability test and toxicity test were performed which ensured the eco-friendly nature of the proposed battery. The proposed battery is made of nanocomposites, which can pack more power into smaller spaces. Moreover, it is found that there is a reduction of weight by 58%, an enhancement of 16.7% in voltage capacity and eco-friendly compared to conventional AA 1.5–3.5 V Li-on battery.
Parental leave use among newly arrived immigrant mothers in Sweden: Causes and consequences
Authors: Mussino Eleonora , Duvander Ann-Zofie
Published: November 2023

Immigration to Sweden is dominated by women and men of childbearing age, and many arrive with children. The labour-market integration of newly arrived mothers is of concern, and well directed social policy is crucial. Parental leave is based on residence, and until recently it was granted to all parents of foreign-born children of preschool age. This study uses population and social insurance registers to investigate whether newly arrived immigrant mothers use parental leave upon arrival, and whether use is an obstacle to future labour-market activity. Our results indicate that the majority of the newly arrived mothers do not take any parental leave, but also that there are great differences in uptake in relation to country of birth and reason for residence permit. However, there seem to be only marginal associations between parental leave use and subsequent labour-market attachment. Nevertheless, moderate use is associated with labour-market activity rather than being an obstacle to it. Our results contribute to the debate on the unintended effects of social policy on the integration of immigrants.
Modeling and estimating a threshold effect: An application to improving cardiac surgery practices
Authors: Yang Guangyu , Zhang Baqun , Haft Jonathan W. , Hawkins Robert B. , Sturmer David , Likosky Donald S. , Zhang Min
Published: November 2023

Estimating thresholds when a threshold effect exists has important applications in biomedical research. However, models/methods commonly used in the biomedical literature may lead to a biased estimate. For patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), it is thought that exposure to low oxygen delivery (DO2) contributes to an increased risk of avoidable acute kidney injury. This research is motivated by estimating the threshold of nadir DO2 for CABG patients to help develop an evidence-based guideline for improving cardiac surgery practices. We review several models (sudden-jump model, broken-stick model, and the constrained broken-stick model) that can be adopted to estimate the threshold and discuss modeling assumptions, scientific plausibility, and implications in estimating the threshold. Under each model, various estimation methods are studied and compared. In particular, under a constrained broken-stick model, a modified two-step Newton–Raphson algorithm is introduced. Through comprehensive simulation studies and an application to data on CABG patients from the University of Michigan, we show that the constrained broken-stick model is flexible, more robust, and able to incorporate scientific knowledge to improve efficiency. The two-step Newton–Raphson algorithm has good computational performances relative to existing methods.
Mathematical modeling and dynamic analysis of carbon fiber reinforced plastic shaft-disk-bearing system considering internal damping effect
Authors: Yang Mo , Hu Haonan , Qin Tao , Wang Yikun , Zhou Yuebin , Zhang Wen
Published: November 2023

The internal damping has significant influence on the dynamic characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced plastic drive shaft. In this paper, a dynamic model of the single-span multi-disk carbon fiber reinforced plastic shaft with elastic support is established based on layer-wise theory, damping specific capacity model, and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The model takes into account physical factors such as rigid body displacement caused by elastic support deformation, gyroscopic effect of concentrated mass disk, viscous internal damping of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic shaft, and lamination parameters. The model is used to analyze the natural angular frequency and critical instability speed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic shaft-disk-bearing system. The analysis results are compared with those obtained from the equivalent modulus beam theory, equivalent single layer theory, simplified homogenized beam theory, and quadrature element method. All the results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model, thereby validating its effectiveness. Furthermore, the model is utilized to investigate the influence of lamination parameters and mass ratio on the natural angular frequency and critical instability speed. This study provides valuable insights for the dynamics and stability design of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic shaft-disk-bearing system.
Branch retinal artery occlusion with paracentral acute middle maculopathy related to a COVID-19 infection in a patient with Anosmia
Authors: Damasceno Nadyr A , Miranda Patricia , Bekman Felipe , Yannuzzi Nicholas A , Lima Luiz H , Farah Michel E , Flynn Harry , Damasceno Eduardo F
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To report a case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) due to branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) as a complication of COVID-19.

Methods

A case report evaluated through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fluorescein angiography, and OCT angiography.

Results

A 55-year-old man complained of blurred vision in the right eye. He presented with anosmia and tested positive for COVID-19 one week before. Fundus examination revealed a superior temporal whitening of the retina, SD-OCT showed a hyperreflective band-like lesion on the nuclear layer consistent with PAMM.

Conclusion

COVID-19 infection involves inflammatory and thrombotic events. Even patients with just anosmia may have complications such as BRAO associated with PAMM.