bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total knee arthroplasty using a hybrid navigation technique
Authors: Ong Alvin , Jung Kwang Am , Orozco Fabio , Delasotta Lawrence , Lee Dong Won
Published: May 2011

The use of computer navigation is becoming a well-recognized technical alternative to conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, computer navigation has a substantial learning curve and the use of commercially available navigation systems increases surgical time. In addition, the potential risks associated with the navigation TKA, such as, registration errors, notching of the anterior femoral cortex, oversizing of the femoral component, and overresection must be taken into consideration. On the other hand, conventional techniques are familiar and intuitive to most practicing surgeons, and thus, are easier to perform and are less prone to anterior notching and femoral component oversizing. However, conventional techniques have greater risks of inaccurate and inconsistent component alignment than computer navigation. This paper describes a novel technique that combines computer navigation and conventional TKA.
Neuronal migration defects in the Loa dynein mutant mouse
Authors: Ori-McKenney Kassandra M , Vallee Richard B
Published: May 2011

Background

Cytoplasmic dynein and its regulatory proteins have been implicated in neuronal and non-neuronal cell migration. A genetic model for analyzing the role of cytoplasmic dynein specifically in these processes has, however, been lacking. The Loa (Legs at odd angles) mouse with a mutation in the dynein heavy chain has been the focus of an increasing number of studies for its role in neuron degeneration. Despite the location of this mutation in the tail domain of the dynein heavy chain, we previously found a striking effect on coordination between the two dynein motor domains, resulting in a defect in dynein run length in vitro and in vivo.

Results

We have now tested for effects of the Loa mutation on neuronal migration in the developing neocortex. Loa homozygotes showed clear defects in neocortical lamination and neuronal migration resulting from a reduction in the rate of radial migration of bipolar neurons.

Conclusions

These results present a new genetic model for understanding the dynein pathway and its functions during neuronal migration. They also provide the first evidence for a link between dynein processivity and somal movement, which is essential for proper development of the brain.
Half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy for bullous variant of central serous chorioretinopathy: a case report
Authors: Ng Winnie WK , Wu Zenith HY , Lai Timothy YY
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Central serous chorioretinopathy is characterized by serous neurosensory detachment of the macula and it usually resolves spontaneously with good visual prognosis. In some patients, however, the serous retinal detachment might be very extensive and can result in bullous exudative retinal detachment. We evaluated the use of half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy for the treatment of bullous retinal detachment in idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 51-year-old Chinese man who presented with blurred vision in his right eye and superior visual field defect due to bullous variant of central serous chorioretinopathy. No improvement in vision and retinal detachment was noted after three months of observation and a short course of oral acetazolamide. He was then treated with half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy and his visual acuity improved from 20/70 to 20/25 within one month of treatment. Three months after photodynamic therapy, there was complete resolution of sub-retinal fluid and bullous retinal detachment. No recurrence of central serous chorioretinopathy was noted in three years of follow-up.

Conclusion

We report the beneficial effect of photodynamic therapy with half-dose verteporfin as a treatment option for bullous retinal detachment caused by central serous chorioretinopathy.
A high resolution map of a cyanobacterial transcriptome
Authors: Vijayan Vikram , Jain Isha H , O'Shea Erin K
Published: May 2011

Background

Previous molecular and mechanistic studies have identified several principles of prokaryotic transcription, but less is known about the global transcriptional architecture of bacterial genomes. Here we perform a comprehensive study of a cyanobacterial transcriptome, that of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, generated by combining three high-resolution data sets: RNA sequencing, tiling expression microarrays, and RNA polymerase chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing.

Results

We report absolute transcript levels, operon identification, and high-resolution mapping of 5' and 3' ends of transcripts. We identify several interesting features at promoters, within transcripts and in terminators relating to transcription initiation, elongation, and termination. Furthermore, we identify many putative non-coding transcripts.

Conclusions

We provide a global analysis of a cyanobacterial transcriptome. Our results uncover insights that reinforce and extend the current views of bacterial transcription.
Fibroblast growth factor signalling controls successive cell behaviours during mesoderm layer formation in Drosophila
Authors: Clark Ivan B. N. , Muha Villö , Klingseisen Anna , Leptin Maria , Müller Hans-Arno J.
Published: May 2011

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and cell migration contribute to the establishment of germ layers in vertebrates and other animals, but a comprehensive demonstration of the cellular activities that FGF controls to mediate these events has not been provided for any system. The establishment of the Drosophila mesoderm layer from an epithelial primordium involves a transition to a mesenchymal state and the dispersal of cells away from the site of internalisation in a FGF-dependent fashion. We show here that FGF plays multiple roles at successive stages of mesoderm morphogenesis in Drosophila. It is first required for the mesoderm primordium to lose its epithelial polarity. An intimate, FGF-dependent contact is established and maintained between the germ layers through mesoderm cell protrusions. These protrusions extend deep into the underlying ectoderm epithelium and are associated with high levels of E-cadherin at the germ layer interface. Finally, FGF directs distinct hitherto unrecognised and partially redundant protrusive behaviours during later mesoderm spreading. Cells first move radially towards the ectoderm, and then switch to a dorsally directed movement across its surface. We show that both movements are important for layer formation and present evidence suggesting that they are controlled by genetically distinct mechanisms.
dachsousandfrizzledcontribute separately to planar polarity in theDrosophilaventral epidermis
Authors: Donoughe Seth , DiNardo Stephen
Published: May 2011

Cells that comprise tissues often need to coordinate cytoskeletal events to execute morphogenesis properly. For epithelial tissues, some of that coordination is accomplished by polarization of the cells within the plane of the epithelium. Two groups of genes – the Dachsous (Ds) and Frizzled (Fz) systems – play key roles in the establishment and maintenance of such polarity. There has been great progress in uncovering the how these genes work together to produce planar polarity, yet fundamental questions remain unanswered. Here, we study the Drosophila larval ventral epidermis to begin to address several of these questions. We show that ds and fz contribute independently to polarity and that they do so over spatially distinct domains. Furthermore, we find that the requirement for the Ds system changes as field size increases. Lastly, we find that Ds and its putative receptor Fat (Ft) are enriched in distinct patterns in the epithelium during embryonic development.
Genetic disruption of aurora B uncovers an essential role for aurora C during early mammalian development
Authors: Fernández-Miranda Gonzalo , Trakala Marianna , Martín Javier , Escobar Beatriz , González Alejandra , Ghyselinck Norbert B. , Ortega Sagrario , Cañamero Marta , de Castro Ignacio Pérez , Malumbres Marcos
Published: May 2011

Mitosis is controlled by multiple kinases that drive cell cycle progression and prevent chromosome mis-segregation. Aurora kinase B interacts with survivin, borealin and incenp to form the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which is involved in the regulation of microtubule-kinetochore attachments and cytokinesis. Whereas genetic ablation of survivin, borealin or incenp results in early lethality at the morula stage, we show here that aurora B is dispensable for CPC function during early cell divisions and aurora B-null embryos are normally implanted. This is due to a crucial function of aurora C during these early embryonic cycles. Expression of aurora C decreases during late blastocyst stages resulting in post-implantation defects in aurora B-null embryos. These defects correlate with abundant prometaphase figures and apoptotic cell death of the aurora B-deficient inner cell mass. Conditional deletion of aurora B in somatic cells that do not express aurora C results in chromosomal misalignment and lack of chromosome segregation. Re-expression of wild-type, but not kinase-dead, aurora C rescues this defect, suggesting functional overlap between these two kinases. Finally, aurora B-null cells partially arrest in the presence of nocodazole, suggesting that this kinase is not essential for the spindle assembly checkpoint.
Recurrent insertion of 5′-terminal nucleotides and loss of the branchpoint motif in lineages of group II introns inserted in mitochondrial preribosomal RNAs
Authors: Li Cheng-Fang , Costa Maria , Bassi Gurminder , Lai Yiu-Kay , Michel François
Published: May 2011

A survey of sequence databases revealed 10 instances of subgroup IIB1 mitochondrial ribosomal introns with 1 to 33 additional nucleotides inserted between the 5′ exon and the consensus sequence at the intron 5′ end. These 10 introns depart further from the IIB1 consensus in their predicted domain VI structure: In contrast to its basal helix and distal GNRA terminal loop, the middle part of domain VI is highly variable and lacks the bulging A that serves as the branchpoint in lariat formation. In vitro experiments using two closely related IIB1 members inserted at the same ribosomal RNA site in the basidiomycete fungi Grifola frondosa and Pycnoporellus fulgens revealed that both ribozymes are capable of efficient self-splicing. However, whereas the Grifola intron was excised predominantly as a lariat, the Pycnoporellus intron, which possesses six additional nucleotides at the 5′ end, yielded only linear products, consistent with its predicted domain VI structure. Strikingly, all of the introns with 5′ terminal insertions lack the EBS2 exon-binding site. Moreover, several of them are part of the small subset of group II introns that encode potentially functional homing endonucleases of the LAGLIDADG family rather than reverse transcriptases. Such coincidences suggest causal relationships between the shift to DNA-based mobility, the loss of one of the two ribozyme sites for binding the 5′ exon, and the exclusive use of hydrolysis to initiate splicing.
Hydrogen Absorption Mechanism of Zirconium Alloys Based on Characterization of Oxide Layer
Authors: Une K. , Sakamoto K. , Aomi M. , Matsunaga J. , Etoh Y. , Takagi I. , Miyamura S. , Kobayashi T. , Ito K.
Published: May 2011

In order to get a better understanding of the mechanism governing hydrogen absorption behavior in Zr-based alloys, various characterization techniques were applied to the oxide layers of three alloys: Zry-2, GNF-Ziron (Zry-2-based alloy with ∼0.26 wt % Fe), and VB (Zr-based alloy containing ∼0.5 wt % Sn, ∼0.5 wt % Fe, and ∼1 wt % Cr). Out-of-pile corrosion tests were carried out in 400 °C steam and 290 °C LiOH water. For both tests, the hydrogen absorption decreased with higher iron content in the alloys, in the order of Zry-2>GNF-Ziron>VB, despite different kinetics of a parabolic law in the former test and a linear law in the latter test. The acceleration of hydrogen absorption in the LiOH water was ascribed to the formation of degraded or open grain boundaries up to locations very near the metal/oxide interface. The pre-transition steam oxides of 1.4–1.7 μm had a double layer structure composed of the outside non-protective oxide of monoclinic ZrO2 with faster diffusivity and the inside barrier layer of predominantly tetragonal ZrO2 with slower diffusivity. The thickness of the barrier layer of about 0.8–0.9 μm was not changed for the different alloys. The diffusion coefficient of deuterium in the VB oxide was approximately half of that in the GNF-Ziron oxide. This factor for the diffusivity was consistent with their hydrogen pickup performance. The higher compressive stress in the barrier layer was directly linked to the higher hydrogen pickup resistance of the alloys. Preferential dissolution of alloy elements from the second-phase particles (SPPs) into the oxide matrix was evinced for iron, and was very limited for chromium and nickel. These two elements had a tendency to exist as precipitates in the oxide layers, chromium mainly as oxide, and nickel mainly as metal. The superior hydrogen absorption performance of VB containing higher iron content and the SPPs with larger size and number density was attributable to the dissolved iron effect and higher compressive stress state generated from the delayed oxidation of the SPPs in the barrier layer.
Superheavy element studies with preseparated isotopes
Authors: Düllmann Christoph E.
Published: May 2011

In recent years, significant progress in the field of superheavy element research has been achieved thanks to a novel combination of techniques from different fields. This “physical preseparation” approach includes the coupling of an ancillary setup – typically a chemistry apparatus or a counting setup – to a physical recoil separator. This latter preseparator removes unwanted nuclear reaction products as well as the intense heavy-ion beam associated with superheavy element experiments and thus isolates the evaporation residues of the nuclear fusion reactions. These are guided to the separators's focal plane, where they are extracted and available for further transport to external setups, e.g., by a gas-jet. In this overview, the development of physical preseparation is described, and experimental results from nuclear chemistry and physics that were achieved with “preseparated” isotopes are summarized, with an emphasis on results relevant for superheavy element research. The covered topics range from chemical studies in the liquid as well as in the gas phase, the measurement of nuclear decay properties and of atomic masses. Preseparation was already shown to be a very powerful approach in these studies and promises to allow further progress in superheavy element research.
Theoretical description of superheavy nuclei
Authors: Sobiczewski Adam
Published: May 2011

A short review of the studies of superheavy nuclei (SHN), done recently in our theoretical group of Warsaw, is presented. Main attention is given to description of the properties of SHN. The description is performed by macroscopic–microscopic methods. Such properties as mass,α-decay energy andα-decay half-life are considered. Special attention is devoted to the analysis of the half-life. Although mainly treated in a phenomenological way, the role of the microscopic structure of a nucleus in this quantity is tested. It is found that this structure may significantly change the half-life of nuclei with the odd nucleon (or nucleons).
Neurocysticercosis an epidemiological survey in two small rural communities
Authors: Arruda Walter O. , Camargo Natal J. , Coelho Rosana C.
Published: May 2011

The authors describe the epidemiological findings related to human taeniasis and cysticercosis, and swine cysticercosis in two small rural communities, Postinho (P) and Tigre (T), of South Brazil. The prevalence of epilepsy was 2.04% (P) and 2.25% (T). The prevalence of neurocysticercosis was 0.47% (P) and 0.93% (T), and prevalence of swine cysticercosis was 12.8% (P) and 27.8% (T). Taenia sp. infestation wis detected in 4.3% (P) and 4.6% (T) of stool examinations. The hyperendemic human taeniasis and cysticercosis and swine cysticercosis seems to be related to poor hygienic habits of the population, and the free access to human excreta by the pigs.
Distrofina na diferenciação das distrofias de duchenne e becker estudo imuno-histoquímico comparado com o estádio clínico, enzimas séricas e biópsia muscular
Authors: Werneck Lineu Cesar , Bonilla Eduardo
Published: May 2011

Foram estudados 55 casos de distrofia muscular progressiva (34 Duchenne, 12 Duchenne com distrofina residual e 9 Becker), comparando idade, época de início e tempo de sintomas, graduação na escala de Vignos e Archibald, níveis de enzimas séricas e presença de distrofina nas biópsias musculares por imunofluorescência. A intensidade dos sintomas, gravidade do quadro clínico, proliferação de tecido ccnjuntivo endomisial e infiltração por tecido adiposo estão inversamente relacionadas à quantidade de distrofina presente nas biópsias e, diretamente, à presença de fibras hipertróficas e fibras angulares escuras atróficas. Nos comentários são abordados alguns aspectos sobre a diferenciação da distrofia muscular de Duchenne e Becker, a distrofina residual nos casos de Duchenne e a importância do teste para o diagnóstico adequado.
Cerebrospinal fluid and serum antiphospholipid antibodies in multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and systemic lupus arythematosus
Authors: Marchiorji Paulo E. , Reis Marisa dos , Quevedo Maria E. Z. , Callegaro D. , Hirata M. Teresa A. , Scaff M. , Oliveira R. Manoel de
Published: May 2011

Immuneglobulins isotypes (IgG and IgM) for myelin basic protein (MBP), cerebrosides (CER), gangliosides (GANG) and cardiolipin (CARD) were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 33 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 18 with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and 30 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In MS patients occurred positive and significant levels of IgG-MBP in 51,5% (p<0.05) and IgM-MBP in only 18.2%, IgG-CARD in 46.2%, as long as CER and GANG were detected in almost 20%. From serum samples of MS patients 20.6% presented IgG-MBP, while 53% showed positive levels foi IgM-MBP. The CSF analysis of patients with GBS showed that 56.3% revealed IgG-MBP (p<0.05), 53% for IgM-MBP. 3&.5% for IgG-CER and 23% for IgM-CER, while 50% of patients had IgG-CARD, as long -as 31% also had IgG-GANG. The serum evaluation from 14 patients showed that 18.8% had positive concentrations of IgG-MBP and 56.3% presented IgM-MBP (p<0.05) Except for 50% of patients with SLE who presented positive CSF levels of IgG-CARD. only 24.1% had positive levels of IgG-MBP. We believe that the presence of antiphosphohoid antibodies in CSF of the above mentioned diseases occurred as immune epiphenomena, but their appearance would permit the maintenance of and perpetuate the immune event.
Redução na concentração de glicose no cérebro de camundongos inoculados com liquido cefalorraquiano de pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica
Authors: Godoy J. M. , Skacel M. , Lima J M. B. , Andrade C. M.
Published: May 2011

Os autores analisam, por técnica cromatográfica, as concentrações de glicose no cérebro de camundongos inoculados com L.CR de 4 pacientes com ELA. Foi encontrada redução na, concentração do carboidrato no material estudado, sugerindo a presença de fator extrínseco veiculado pelo LCR.
Síndrome de rett relato de 7 casos
Authors: Bruck Isac , Antoniuk Sérgio A. , Paola Duilton de , Araki Telma Yumi , Flenik Luzilma T.
Published: May 2011

Os autores observaram, no período de agosto-1978 a outubro-1988, 7 meninas com síndrome de Rett, cujo diagnóstico foi feito entre as idades de 2 e 10 anos, sendo seguidas por período médio de 5 anos e 9 meses. O início da regressão do desenvolvimento psicomotor ocorreu entre 5 e 24 meses. Microcefalia adquirida estava presente em 6 casos e hiperventilação, em 3. As convulsões tônico-clônicas generalizadas foram as mais freqüentes (6 pacientes) e tiveram início entre 1 e 7 anos de idade, a maioria medicada com carbamazepina. O EEG mostrou-se; lento difuso em 4 pacientes; com atividade irritativa em 5; normal em 1. As alterações no EEG, embora não específicas podem auxiliar no diagnóstico. A etiologia da síndrome permanece ainda desconhecida, sendo discutidos os papéis de possíveis causas genéticas e de neuro-transmissores.
Neoplasias cerebrais primárias associadas a malformações vasculares estudo anatomopatológico de dois casos
Authors: Stavale João Norberto , Alberti Vania Nosé , Jesus Carlos Alberto da Silva de , Mermerian Tommy
Published: May 2011

A associação de malformações vasculares intracerebrais com neoplasias cerebrais primárias é rara. Mais comumente encontrados são os aneurismas arteriais intracranianos com neoplasias primárias. Relatamos dois casos de malformações vasculares associadas a neoplasias cerebrais primárias, com estudo histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico.
Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (webino syndrome) and myelopathy in pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Lana Marco Aurélio , Moreira Paulo Roberto R. , Neves Leonardo B.
Published: May 2011

A 35-year-old female with pyoderma gangrenosum developed paraparesis with a sensory level at L1. Three months later she complained of diplopia and was found to have bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with exotropia and no ocular convergence. The term Webino syndrome has been coined to design this set of neuro-opthalmologic findings. Although it was initially attributed to lesions affecting the medial longitudinal fasciculus and the medial rectus subnuclei of the oculomotor complex in the midbrain the exact location of the lesion is still disputed. In the present case both myelopathy and Webino syndrome were probably due to vascular occlusive disease resulting from central nervous system vasculitis occurring in concomitance to pyoderma gangrenosum.
Gamma band oscillations in parietooccipital areas during performance of a sensorimotor integration task: a qEEG coherence study
Authors: Teixeira S , Velasques B , Machado S , Paes F , Cunha M , Budde H , Anghinah R , Basile L F H , Cagy M , Piedade R , Ribeiro P
Published: May 2011

This study aimed to elucidate cortical mechanisms involved in anticipatory actions when 23 healthy right-handed subjects had to catch a free falling object through quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG). For this reason, we used coherence that represents a measurement of linear covariation between two signals in the frequency domain. In addition, we investigated gamma-band (30-100 Hz) activity that is related to cognitive and somatosensory processes. We hypothesized that gamma coherence will be increase in both parietal and occipital areas during moment after ball drop, due to their involvement in manipulation of objects, visuospatial processing, visual perception, stimuli identification and attention processes. We confirmed our hypothesis, an increase in gamma coherence on P3-P4 (t= -2.15; p=0.033) and PZ-OZ (t= -2.16; p=0.034) electrode pairs was verified for a paired t-test. We conclude that to execute tasks involving anticipatory movements (feedforward mechanisms), like our own task, probably, there is no need of a strong participation of visual areas in the process of information organization to manipulate objects and to process visuospatial information regarding the contact hand-object.
Extraneural metastases in medulloblastoma
Authors: Muoio V M F , Shinjo S O , Matushita H , Rosemberg S , Teixeira M J , Marie S K N
Published: May 2011

Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood malignant tumor of central nervous system, but it may also occur in adults. It presents high invasive growth with spreading of tumor cells into the leptomeningeal space along the neuroaxis early in the course of the disease. Extraneural metastases are rare but frequently lethal, occurring only in 1 to 5% of patients, and are related, in the most of cases, to the presence of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Here we characterize the clinical profile of five cases of medulloblastoma with systemic spreading of tumor cells, also comparing them to cases already described in the literature.
Quality of life in pregnant women with epilepsy versus women with epilepsy
Authors: Lunardi L L , Costa A L C , Guerreiro C A M , Souza E A P
Published: May 2011

It is assumed that 25% of patients with epilepsy are women of fertile age and 0.3% to 0.6% of all children are born of mothers with epilepsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life on pregnant with epilepsy and compare with non-pregnant women with epilepsy. We evaluated two groups (Experimental Group - 29 pregnant women with epilepsy and Control Group - 30 women with epilepsy); they were attended at the HC/UNICAMP. The patients had three meetings to carry out and implement the anamnesis and the application of QQV-65. There were no significant differences in the measurement of quality of life when comparing both groups. However, when we analyzed individually in the pre- and post-partum periods, we observed significant differences in health aspects (p=0.0495), physical (p=0.02868) and emotional (p=0.0253) dimensions in QQV-65. This study shows that pregnancy could be interpreted as a stressor. In late pregnancy when this stressor was removed, women with epilepsy had improvement in their quality of life.
The role of magnesium sulfate in prevention of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in rats
Authors: Oliveira L D B , Oliveira R W D , Futuro Neto H A , Nakamura-Palacios E M
Published: May 2011

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) has been used to prevent seizures in eclampsia. This study examined the central effects of MgSO4 on different types of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. Male Wistar rats were submitted to intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of MgSO4 at different doses followed by intraperitoneal administration of PTZ. The latency to the onset of the first seizure induced by PTZ was significantly increased by ICV administration of MgSO4 at a dose of 100 µg compared to the control treatment. In addition, the total period during which animals presented with seizures was significantly reduced at this dose of MgSO4. Furthermore, the latency to the onset of the first partial complex seizure was significantly increased by the lowest dose of MgSO4. However, a high dose of MgSO4 had no effect or even potentiated the effect of PTZ. These results suggest that, depending on the dose, MgSO4 may be important in prevention of epileptic seizures.
Low-level laser therapy, at 830 nm, for pain reduction in experimental model of rats with sciatica
Authors: Bertolini G R F , Artifon E L , Silva T S , Cunha D M , Vigo P R
Published: May 2011

Chronic pain, resulting from nerve compression, is a common clinical presentation. One means of conservative treatment is low-level laser therapy, although controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two doses of low-level laser, at 830 nm, on pain reduction in animals subjected to sciatica. Eighteen rats were used, divided into three groups: GS (n=6), sciatica and simulated treatment; G4J (n=6), sciatica and treatment with 4 J/cm²; and G8J (n=6), sciatica and irradiation with 8 J/cm². The right sciatic nerve was exposed and compressed using catgut thread. Five days of treatment were started on the third postoperative day. Pain was assessed by means of the paw elevation time during gait: before sciatica, before and after the first and second therapies, and the end of the fifth therapy. Low-level laser was effective in reducing the painful condition.
Effects of eliminating tension by means of epineural stitches: a comparative electrophysiological and histomorphometrical study using different suture techniques in an animal model
Authors: Bustamante J , Socolovsky M , Martins R S , Emmerich J , Pennini M G , Lausada N , Domitrovic L
Published: May 2011

Epineural stitches are a means to avoid tension in a nerve suture. We evaluate this technique, relative to interposed grafts and simple neurorraphy, in a rat model. METHOD: Twenty rats were allocated to four groups. For Group 1, sectioning of the sciatic nerve was performed, a segment 4 mm long discarded, and epineural suture with distal anchoring stitches were placed resulting in slight tension neurorraphy. For Group 2, a simple neurorraphy was performed. For Group 3, a 4 mm long graft was employed and Group 4 served as control. Ninety days after, reoperation, latency of motor action potentials recording and axonal counts were performed. Inter-group comparison was done by means of ANOVA and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The mean motor latency for the simple suture (2.27±0.77 ms) was lower than for the other two surgical groups, but lower than among controls (1.69±0.56 ms). Similar values were founding in both group 1 (2.66±0.71 ms) and group 3 (2.64±0.6 ms). When fibers diameters were compared a significant difference was identified between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.048). CONCLUSION: Good results can be obtained when suturing a nerve employ with epineural anchoring stitches. However, more studies are needed before extrapolating results to human nerve sutures.
The assessment and management of pain in the demented and non-demented elderly patient
Authors: Andrade D C , Faria J W V , Caramelli P , Alvarenga L , Galhardoni R , Siqueira S R D , Yeng L T , Teixeira M J
Published: May 2011

Persistent pain is a frequent health problem in the elderly. Its prevalence ranges from 45% to 80%. Chronic diseases, such as depression, cardiovascular disease, cancer and osteoporosis have a higher prevalence in aged individuals and increase the risk of developing chronic pain. The presence of pain is known to be associated with sleep disorders in these patients, as well as functional impairment, decreased sociability and greater use of the health system, with consequent increase in costs. Alzheimer's disease patients seem to have a normal pain discriminative capacity and they may probably have weaker emotional and affective experience of pain when compared to other types of dementia. Many patients have language deficits and thus cannot properly describe its characteristics. In more advanced cases, it becomes even difficult to determine whether pain is present or not. Therefore, the evaluation of these patients should be performed in a systematic way. There are three ways to measure the presence of pain: by direct questioning (self-report), by direct behavioral observation and by interviews with caregivers or informants. In recent years, many pain scales and questionnaires have been published and validated specifically for the elderly population. Some are specific to patients with cognitive decline, allowing pain evaluation to be conducted in a structured and reproducible way. The next step is to determine the type of painful syndrome and discuss the bases of the pharmacological management, the use of multiple medications and the presence of comorbidities demand the use of smaller doses and impose contra-indications against some drug classes. A multiprofessional approach is the rule in the management of these patients.
Resistência antimicrobiana associada em isolados clínicos de Enterococcus spp
Authors: Kobayashi Cláudia Castelo Branco Artiaga , Sadoyama Geraldo , Vieira José Daniel Gonçalves , Pimenta Fabiana Cristina
Published: May 2011

INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento da prevalência de isolados de enterococos em hospitais, particularmente Enterococcus resistente à vancomicina (VRE), é importante por causa da limitada terapia antimicrobiana efetiva para o tratamento de infecções enterocócicas. MÉTODOS: O presente trabalho apresentou uma investigação retrospectiva de dados de suscetibilidade in vitro quantitativa para uma variedade de antimicrobianos frente aos isolados de Enterococcus spp. e avaliação da associação de resistência entre os agentes antimicrobianos apontados como escolha para o tratamento de infecções causadas por VRE, através do cálculo do risco relativo. RESULTADOS: Dos 156 isolados de enterococos, 40 (25,6%) foram resistentes a três ou mais antimicrobianos, incluindo 7,7% (n = 12/156) resistentes à vancomicina. A associação de resistência elevada foi mais pronunciada entre os isolados de VREs com antimicrobianos alternativos e primários para o tratamento de infecções causadas por estes patógenos, incluindo ampicilina (100%, RR = 7,2), estreptomicina (90,9%, RR = 4,9), rifampicina (91,7%, RR = 3,1) e linezolida (50%, RR = 11,5), apesar da alta taxa de suscetibilidade a esta droga (94,9%). CONCLUSÕES: A resistência associada significativa aos antimicrobianos de primeira escolha e alternativos, usados no tratamento de infecções graves por cepas com o fenótipo VRE e que requerem um regime terapêutico combinado, evidencia alternativas terapêuticas ainda mais limitadas na instituição analisada.
Controle do escurecimento interno de ameixas durante o armazenamento pelo manejo do ponto de colheita e do etileno
Authors: Argenta Luiz Carlos , Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamini do , Shirayama Daisuke , Scolaro Andreia Maria Tomazini , Ayub Ricardo Antonio
Published: May 2011

Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar os efeitos do estádio de maturação na colheita e do tratamento com 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) sobre o escurecimento de polpa e o amadurecimento, durante o armazenamento refrigerado de ameixas 'Laetitia'. Os frutos foram colhidos em dois estádios de maturação, em pomares comerciais localizados nos municípios de Lages (em 2006 e 2008) e São Joaquim (em 2008): 20-45% da superfície vermelha (maturação 1) e 46-80% da superfície vermelha (maturação 2). Os frutos foram armazenados em atmosfera do ar a 0,5ºCºC e 90-95% de umidade relativa, 36 h após a colheita, tratados depois de quatro dias com zero (testemunha) ou 0,5 µL.L-1 de 1-MCP, e então mantidos sob refrigeração por até 73 dias. Os frutos foram analisados na colheita, periodicamente após a armazenagem refrigerada e após 3 dias a 22ºC. No município de Lages, frutos colhidos no estádio de maturação 1 apresentaram firmeza da polpa de 2,5 e 2,3 libras maior que frutos colhidos no estádio de maturação 2, em 2006 e 2008, respectivamente. No município de São Joaquim, frutos colhidos no estádio de maturação 1 apresentaram firmeza da polpa 1,3 libras maior que frutos colhidos no estádio de maturação 2. A colheita dos frutos em estádio mais avançado de maturação e o tratamento com 1-MCP retardaram a manifestação de escurecimento de polpa durante o armazenamento refrigerado, independente do município e do ano. De forma geral, em frutos colhidos no estádio de maturação 2 e tratados com 1-MCP, o aumento no período de armazenamento refrigerado, sem ocorrência do distúrbio durante os três dias de prateleira, foi >20 dias, em relação a frutos colhidos no estádio de maturação 1 e não tratados com 1-MCP. Adicionalmente, o 1-MCP reduziu a perda de firmeza da polpa dos frutos durante o armazenamento refrigerado.
Dinâmica populacional e incidência de moscas-das-frutas e parasitoides em cultivares de pessegueiros (Prunus Persica L. Batsch) no município de presidente prudente-sp
Authors: Montes Sônia Maria Nalesso Marangoni , Raga Adalton , Boliani Aparecida Conceição , Santos Pedro César dos
Published: May 2011

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos avaliar a dinâmica populacional e registrar a diversidade de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritoidea) em cultivares de pessegueiro Tropical, Talismã, Aurora 2, Aurora 1, Dourado 2 e Doçura 2, enxertadas sobre os porta-enxertos 'Okinawa' e Umê, em Presidente Prudente-SP. Foram realizadas as correlações da dinâmica populacional com a temperatura e a precipitação, e também a infestação com as características químicas dos frutos, Sólidos Solúveis e Acidez Titulável. No período de julho de 2004 a dezembro de 2006, a dinâmica populacional de moscas-das-frutas foi obtida através de coletas semanais de moscas-das-frutas em armadilhas McPhail, e a incidência foi determinada através da coleta de 30 frutos/planta/cultivar. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Ceratitis capitata foi predominante nas cultivares de pessegueiros estudadas. Não foi observada correlação significativa entre população de moscas-das-frutas e as variáveis de temperatura e precipitação, e sólidos solúveis e ácidez titulável. Entre as cultivares de pêssego, Aurora 2 apresentou maior infestação por C. capitata, da ordem de 22 e 23% nos anos 2004 e 2006, respectivamente. Também foi registrada a incidência de Neosilba spp. em frutos de pêssego. Doryctobracon areolatus (Braconidae), Tetrastichus giffardianus (Eulophidae) e Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Pteromalidae) foram recuperados de pupários de Tephritidae.
Evaluation of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) Seedlings
Authors: Baron Daniel , Ferreira Gisela , Boaro Carmen Sílvia Fernandes , Mischan Martha Maria
Published: May 2011

Choosing a substrate is the determinant factor for the seedling producer; thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three treatments and five replicates of 72 seeds per plot. The treatments consisted of the following substrates: coconut fiber, vermiculite and Plantmax® Citrus. The number of emerged seedlings was weekly counted for 105 days. Data regarding seedling height were obtained, and the emergence velocity index and mean time, besides total emergence percentage and that over time were calculated. Results from total mean emergence percentage, seedling height, emergence velocity index (EVI), and mean emergence time (MET) were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey's test at 5% significance. The curves concerning the emergence percentage over time were fit by the logistic growth equation for each treatment and the means of each parameter (A, B, C) were compared by the Duncan's test at 5% significance. The substrates vermiculite led to the highest values of emergence percentage differing from the PlantMax® Citrus, but not of the coconut fiber, however the vermiculite promoted seedling height in a shorter time; therefore, this substrate is recommended for the initial development of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings.
A importância do apoio psicológico ao médico residente e especializando em radiologia e diagnóstico por imagem
Authors: Silva Glauce Cerqueira Corrêa da , Sousa Evandro Guimarães de , Martins Luiz Antônio Nogueira , Buys Rogério Christiano , Santos Alair Augusto Sarmet Moreira Damas dos , Koch Hilton Augusto
Published: May 2011

OBJETIVO: Ressaltar a importância e a necessidade da implantação de um serviço de apoio psicológico ao médico em formação em radiologia e diagnóstico por imagem. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Pesquisa qualitativa. Aplicação de um questionário a 219 residentes e especializandos em radiologia e diagnóstico por imagem, no período de 2007 a 2009, constituído por perguntas referentes a perfil psicossocial, percepção do nível de relacionamento com a equipe do serviço, nível de aprendizagem, dificuldades psicológicas e avaliação da prevalência de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos pela Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. RESULTADOS: Dos médicos alunos entrevistados, 116 (53%) eram do sexo feminino e 103 (47%) do sexo masculino. A maioria, 170 (77,6%), encontrava-se na faixa etária de 20 a 30 anos. Observou-se que 51,1% apresentaram sintomas ansiosos e 54,8%, sintomas depressivos. Do total dos alunos, 44,8% manifestaram desejo de buscar assistência psicológica para auxiliar na orientação de seus problemas. CONCLUSÃO: A inserção de um serviço de apoio psicológico para médicos em formação em radiologia e diagnóstico por imagem deve ser feito por psicólogos especialistas em psicologia hospitalar e psicologia clínica com competência para auxiliar na formação do médico aluno, por meio do suporte às vicissitudes do treinamento, no acolhimento, adaptação e integração, contribuindo para a redução do estresse e dos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão.
Dosimetria de pacientes e médicos em intervenções coronárias percutâneas em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Silva Maria do Socorro Rocha da , Khoury Helen Jamil , Borrás Cari , Oliveira André Ferrão , Vianna Hugor Ferreira de Paiva , Oliveira Flavio Roberto Azevedo de , Japyassú Flavio Adolpho Aranha , Mota Flávio Braga
Published: May 2011

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar os valores de doses de radiação recebidas por médicos e pacientes em procedimentos intervencionistas cardíacos realizados em um hospital público na cidade de Recife, Pernambuco. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As medidas foram determinadas em 31 pacientes adultos, dos quais 22 tiveram acompanhamento clínico após o procedimento, e em dois cardiologistas com mais de dez anos de experiência. Parâmetros de irradiação para cada procedimento foram registrados. RESULTADOS: Os valores obtidos para a dose absorvida máxima na pele do paciente variaram entre 612 e 8.642 mGy, sendo que 53% foram maiores que 2.000 mGy, valores estes que podem causar efeitos determinísticos. Com relação aos médicos, a dose efetiva média por procedimento foi de 11 µSv e os valores médios do equivalente de dose nas extremidades, mais altos, foram: 923 µSv no pé esquerdo, 514 µSv no pé direito, 382 µSv na mão esquerda e 150 µSv no olho esquerdo. Dependendo do número de procedimentos, as doses recebidas pelos médicos podem exceder os valores limites de doses estabelecidos pelas normas nacionais e internacionais. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos sinalizam a necessidade de adoção de estratégias para otimização da proteção radiológica tanto de pacientes quanto de médicos.
Utilização de vestimentas de proteção radiológica para redução de dose absorvida: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Soares Flávio Augusto Penna , Pereira Aline Garcia , Flôr Rita de Cássia
Published: May 2011

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre o uso de vestimenta de proteção radiológica e a diminuição da dose absorvida de radiação ionizante, reforçando a eficácia do seu uso tanto para pacientes quanto para indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O estudo foi desenvolvido utilizando-se o método de revisão integrativa de literatura, e teve como materiais: 21 artigos, 2 livros, 1 tese, 1 trabalho de conclusão de curso, 1 programa de computador, 4 pesquisas em base de dados (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde) e 2 diretrizes de proteção radiológica. RESULTADOS: A utilização da vestimenta de proteção radiológica, teoricamente, reduz 86% a 99% a dose absorvida. Na prática, a redução nos pacientes pode ser de 88% na radiologia convencional e chegar a 95% no exame tomográfico. Nos indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos, a redução durante um cateterismo cardíaco é em torno de 90% e durante uma cirurgia ortopédica é de 75%. CONCLUSÃO: Conforme demonstrado em várias pesquisas, o uso de vestimenta de proteção radiológica é eficaz e de baixo custo e reduz a dose desnecessária nos pacientes e nos indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos. Logo, sua utilização é necessária para a implementação de um efetivo programa de proteção radiológica em um serviço de radiodiagnóstico.
Sinais em neurorradiologia: parte 2
Authors: Barra Filipe Ramos , Gonçalves Fabrício Guimarães , Matos Valter de Lima , Jovem Cássio Lemos , Mendonça José Luis Furtado de , Amaral Lázaro Luís Faria do , delCarpio-O'Donovan Raquel
Published: May 2011

O uso de sinais na interpretação de imagens na neurorradiologia é extremamente útil. Muitos sinais são bastante específicos e em alguns casos, patognomônicos. Nesta segunda parte os autores descreverão 15 sinais neurorradiológicos adicionais. Serão novamente abordadas as principais características de imagem de cada um e sua importância na prática clínica.
Trauma complexo e suas implicações diagnósticas
Authors: Viola Thiago Wendt , Schiavon Bruno Kluwe , Renner Anelise Meurer , Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo
Published: May 2011

A exposição prolongada a múltiplos eventos traumáticos de natureza interpessoal, sobretudo durante o desenvolvimento, tem demonstrado consequências e sintomas psiquiátricos não considerados pelo atual diagnóstico de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). Essas situações negativas e crônicas durante a infância e adolescência evidenciam a existência de uma síndrome psicopatológica associada a complexas (des)adaptações a efeitos traumáticos diversos. A ausência de um diagnóstico coeso e fidedigno para essas vítimas interfere negativamente na identificação sintomatológica e no método de tratamento. O presente trabalho visa revisar a definição de trauma, apresentando o conceito de trauma complexo, explorando suas implicações clínicas, bem como as categorias diagnósticas derivadas desse constructo. Importantes questões são levantadas acerca das diferenças entre trauma complexo e TEPT, investigando os sintomas e transtornos comórbidos ao diagnóstico de TEPT, assim como as limitações inerentes a esse diagnóstico. Considerando o impacto psicopatológico relacionado ao trauma complexo, discute-se a possível inserção de uma nova categoria diagnóstica na 5ª versão do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico dos Transtornos Mentais, adjunta ao espectro de psicopatologias pós-traumáticas.
Panorama nacional do ensino da psiquiatria nas escolas médicas brasileiras
Authors: Cataldo Neto Alfredo , Pitta José Cássio do Nascimento , Brasil Marco Antônio , Adad Miguel Abib , Aguiar Rogério Wolf de , Selbach Camila Ruschel , Belotto Carolina , Coral Cláudia Viña , Ramos Fernanda Lia de Paula , Simonaggio Patrícia Magali
Published: May 2011

OBJETIVO: Determinar o perfil de ensino da psiquiatria nos cursos médicos brasileiros, verificando o número de professores envolvidos e suas titulações, o número de disciplinas e o enfoque predominante, material didático e local de ensino/aprendizagem. MÉTODO: O estudo foi baseado no levantamento de dados obtidos pela aplicação de questionários nas escolas médicas brasileiras que constam no site da Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica. RESULTADOS: Das 119 escolas médicas brasileiras, 85 (71%) responderam à pesquisa. O número de professores psiquiatras envolvidos no ensino variou de 1 a 5 (75,3%); desses, 1 a 2 (43,4%) eram doutores/livres-docentes, 1 a 2 (45,8%) eram mestres, e 1 a 2 (57,3%) eram especialistas. Observou-se que 41,2% das escolas oferecem duas disciplinas de psiquiatria, com enfoque predominantemente psicodinâmico e clínico (61,2%). Em 52,9% dos casos, o conteúdo programático não é desenvolvido apenas em cadeiras específicas de psiquiatria. As disciplinas oferecem, em 64,7% dos casos, aulas práticas em contextos clínicos gerais. A carga horária durante o curso é de 61-90 horas-aula (26,2%), e 88,9% têm livros-textos básicos. Em 83,3% das escolas médicas, essas disciplinas são avaliadas pelos alunos ao final das mesmas. CONCLUSÃO: Foi observada uma grande heterogeneidade nas regiões avaliadas, em pelo menos 71% das escolas. Novos estudos devem aprofundar este primeiro levantamento.
As filhas de Eva: religião e relações de gênero na justiça medieval portuguesa
Authors: Silva Edlene Oliveira
Published: May 2011

Este artigo analisa as representações de mulheres presentes nas Ordenações Afonsinas, código jurídico português elaborado no século XV que definiu e classificou detalhadamente vários crimes considerados tipicamente femininos e estipulou punições rigorosas. Dentre esses delitos, trataremos de alguns aspectos do adultério, do concubinato e da alcovitagem. Informado pelas representações de gênero, o discurso jurídico do Estado monárquico luso legitimou a perseguição empreendida pela Igreja às mulheres "desviantes". O olhar da justiça era influenciado pelo imaginário religioso cristão e medieval, repleto de ideias patriarcais e misóginas que associavam o feminino ao arquétipo da Eva pecadora, a primeira mulher que se deixou seduzir pelos ardis malignos do demônio.