bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poetry and Tourism in a Global Age
Authors: Ramazani Jahan
Published: November 2015

In a global age of accelerated movement across vast spaces, how does poetry coincide with tourism and how are they distinct? What can we learn about poetry from tourism and about tourism from poetry? Close analysis of key postwar poems self-consciously entwined with tourism as their discursive “other” may suggest possible paths toward understanding an important dimension of poetry in our time. Their self-ironizing literary tourism, which recognizes its complicity in mass tourism yet also distinguishes itself from some of its forms and effects, provides a more nuanced approach than is to be found in sweeping critiques of literary exoticism. Poems by North American and English poets Elizabeth Bishop, John Ashbery, and Philip Larkin, and by postcolonial poets Derek Walcott, Karen Press, and Arun Kolatkar exemplify the ways in which postwar poetry grapples with its entanglement in tourism, even as it champions its distinctness. Such poetry indicates that transnational literary studies—alongside sociology, anthropology, and cultural geography—may have a role to play in self-critically engaging and rethinking tourism.
Statistical Analysis at the Birth of Close Reading
Authors: Igarashi Yohei
Published: November 2015

What is the actual relation between close reading and non-close methods of textual analysis? Connecting Edward Lee Thorndike’s The Teacher’s Word Book (1921), C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards’s universal language (Basic English), and Richards’s inaugural theories of close reading, the essay demonstrates that the inception of close reading was shaped by its era’s statistical analyses or “distant reading,” particularly the genre of the word list. The second part of the essay tracks the subsequent divergence of close reading and statistical analysis by considering two exemplary developments: research into the measurement of “readability,” and Cleanth Brooks’s notion of “the heresy of paraphrase.” Ultimately, the essay aims to fine-tune discussions of close and distant reading that have been occasioned by the digital humanities and suggests that literary studies can once again learn from, and contribute to, the field of reading research.
The Bechdel Test and the Social Form of Character Networks
Authors: Selisker Scott
Published: November 2015

This essay describes the popular Bechdel Test—a measure of women’s dialogue in films—in terms of social network analysis within fictional narrative. It argues that this form of vernacular criticism arrives at a productive convergence with contemporary academic critical methodologies in surface and postcritical reading practices, on the one hand, and digital humanities, on the other. The data-oriented character of the Bechdel Test, which a text rigidly passes or fails, stands in sharp contrast to identification- or recognition-based evaluations of a text’s feminist orientation, particularly because the former does not prescribe the content, but merely the social form, of women’s agency. This essay connects the Bechdel Test and a lineage of feminist and early queer theory to current work on social network analysis within literary texts, and it argues that the Bechdel Test offers the beginnings of a measured approach to understanding agency within actor networks.
Making Time: Temporality, History, and the Cultural Object
Authors: Born Georgina
Published: November 2015

One of the most sustained criticisms of Bourdieu’s work is its poverty with respect to theorizing time, change, and history. In this light, this article traces out a series of novel paths in the analysis of temporality and history in relation to cultural production, informed by recent work in anthropology, social theory, and (less so) art history. The challenge of developing new perspectives on such matters does not arise solely from critiques of Bourdieu, but from wider recognition across the humanities of the problematic nature of prevailing forms of historicism, contextualization, and periodization. Several linked departures are proposed: the need to analyze the multiplicity of time in cultural production; the contributions of the art or cultural object––as a nonhuman actor––to the production of time in not one but several dimensions of temporality; and the importance of integrating such thinking into the theorization of history. Advancing beyond philosophical process theory, yet learning its anti-teleological lessons, the article develops a materialist framework for the analysis of those “multiple, interacting, and partially open temporal systems” (Connolly)––including the distinctive scales, speeds, and shapes of change enacted by cultural objects and events––that through their complex interactions participate in the emergent processes we identify as history. The conceptual lessons are general ones, but their key features are exemplified by music––specifically, by recent research on contemporary digital musics. Rather than music being exceptional with respect to the other arts, it is shown to be pregnant with insights for the other arts in regard to theorizing time. Music, it becomes clear, provides an auspicious terrain for retheorizing time and history.
Forms of Power, Forms of Life: Agamben’s Franciscan Turn
Authors: Blanchard W. Scott
Published: November 2015

New Literary History publishes essays on topics of theoretical significance within and beyond literary studies. The journal especially welcomes two types of contribution: 1) articles that engage with literary and cultural theory, including concepts of period, genre, or style, questions of hermeneutics and the reading process, problems of representation, and the relations between literary studies and other disciplines; 2) articles addressing general theoretical or methodological questions that are of interest to scholars in a wide range of fields. Contributors should bear in mind New Literary History ’s international and intellectually diverse readership.
Rhythm as Coping
Authors: Freer Alexander
Published: November 2015

This essay conceives of rhythm as a process of sense-making. It begins with a discussion of the relation between rhythm and coping in psychoanalytic theory, with reference to Freud’s account of the fort/da game and Nicolas Abraham’s rhythmical account of psychoanalytic aesthetics. This broadly phenomenological account is then contrasted with the accounts of rhythm at work in recent debates over historical poetics and the relation of poetics to history. Finally, an account of rhythm as coping is used to suggest how critics might move beyond the opposition between poetics and hermeneutics that characterize this debate. It is argued that rhythm-making is something we do to cope with the world and that verse criticism can be usefully understood as a project of recovering the anxiety and enjoyment that can be encountered in reading rhythmical verse, so that ultimately the work and play of interpretation overcomes the division between content and form.
Networking Biology: The Origins of Sequence-Sharing Practices in Genomics
Authors: Stevens Hallam
Published: November 2015

The wide sharing of biological data, especially nucleotide sequences, is now considered to be a key feature of genomics. Historians and sociologists have attempted to account for the rise of this sharing by pointing to precedents in model organism communities and in natural history. This article supplements these approaches by examining the role that electronic networking technologies played in generating the specific forms of sharing that emerged in genomics. The links between early computer users at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in the 1960s, biologists using local computer networks in the 1970s, and GenBank in the 1980s, show how networking technologies carried particular practices of communication, circulation, and data distribution from computing into biology. In particular, networking practices helped to transform sequences themselves into objects that had value as a community resource.
A Hard Sell: Factors Influencing the Interwar Adoption of Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tools in Germany, Britain, and the United States
Authors: Giffard Hermione
Published: November 2015

Cemented tungsten carbide cutting tools—virtually unknown to historians—came on the market in the late 1920s. Although existing literature alleges that their adoption was rapid and universal, contemporary data indicate that the rate of adoption in fact took many decades and varied greatly between the world’s three leading industrialized economies of the time: Germany, England, and the United States. This article suggests that the explanation lies in differing national environments for innovation in the interwar period. It looks at many features that influence adoption by users and argues that the feature emphasized in the literature, increased cutting speed, was not the primary consideration behind adoption, but rather metal shortages. It thereby casts doubt on what measures of national productivity show. The case raises important questions about the use of production efficiency to make international comparisons and about the role of patent monopolies in introducing production innovations.
Prophets of Progress: Authority in the Scientific Projections and Religious Realizations of the Great Eastern Steamship
Authors: Gillin Edward
Published: November 2015

Naval architect John Scott Russell heralded the Great Eastern steamship as a beacon of modern science and used it to promote his own approaches to shipbuilding among Britain’s science elites. While Russell defined the project through a rhetoric of science, to popular audiences the ship was analogous to biblical teachings, embodying profound moral lessons. This article places Russell’s projections within this wider cultural context of religious interpretation and argues that in Victorian Britain the right to define the meaning of engineering spectacles was not the exclusive privilege of men of science, but open to broader cultural understandings. Religious, as much as scientific, values shaped social constructions of the project.
In search of an ‘origin’: Re-presenting guoxue in Chinese cinema of the new millennium
Authors: Zhu Yun
Published: November 2015

This article examines Zhang Yimou’s Yingxiong/Hero (2002), Chen Kaige’s Mei Lanfang/Forever Enthralled (2008) and Hu Mei’s Kongzi/Confucius (2010), and discusses how they respectively reconstruct narratives of a mythical national spirit via sublimated portrayals of guoxue and how such re-presentations respond to both earlier cinematic traditions and the more and more intense trend of commercialization in the Chinese film industry. What makes these films’ shared investment in guoxue even more interesting is the fact that all these three directors are representative figures of the so-called ‘Fifth Generation’, a group of film-makers who were best known for their self-consciously critical approaches towards Chinese cultural traditions in the 1980s. Their recent collective enthusiasm for guoxue and much more positive re-presentations of it not only indicate a revisit to the heated discussions over indigenous cultural roots two to three decades ago but also reflect the restructured relationships among film-makers, their audiences and the state.
Bodies in crisis: Sensuality and the cinematic reconfiguration of the spy genre in contemporary Chinese cinema
Authors: Zhu Yanhong
Published: November 2015

Spy films produced during the Cold War and the immediate post-Cold War era in Mainland China reflect a heightened anxiety of national security and serve primarily as political propaganda. This article examines the changing cultural context of post-socialist China and the transformation of the spy film genre in contemporary Chinese cinema in the age of globalization and transnationalism. Looking specifically at three recently released films, Ang Lees Se jie/Lust, Caution (2007), Chen Guofu and Gao Qunshus Fengsheng/The Message (2009) and Alan Mak and Felix Chongs Ting feng zhe/The Silent War (2012), this article examines the centrality of body narrative to the cinematic reconfiguration of the spy genre in contemporary Chinese cinema. It argues that the recently emerged spy films demonstrate special interests in the bodys dual role in cinema  as both an image that invites the embodied spectator to engage with it and a site where multiple discourses of nationhood, sexuality and individual identity intersect to reveal the transnational imagination and reconfiguration of the spy figure, whose identity can no longer be defined by an absolute dichotomy between mind and body, between exteriority and interiority, but by the constant tension generated from the inseparability between the minds rationality and the bodys corporeality.
Lost in Thailand: Travel metaphors in contemporary Chinese comedy
Authors: Yang Wei
Published: November 2015

Chinese cinema at the turn of the twenty-first century is replete with metaphors of travel  migration, roaming, exile, diaspora, and more recently, adventure and tourism. This article explores the allegorical uses of mobility and journey in recent New Years comedies, as exemplified by Xu Zhengs 2012 blockbuster release Ren zai jiongtu zhi taijiong/Lost in Thailand, a film that is widely considered to have shaken up Chinas domestic film industry. The notion of Thailand in the film as simultaneously a commercial and spiritual destination is crucial to the matter at hand. I argue that the spatial consumption typical of travel films acquires an alternative form here, one that does not fortify but rather undermines the imagination of Chinese power in a foreign land. This form of spatiality is best understood within the generic framework of New Years comedy, as well as the larger context of consumer culture and mass entertainment. Inquiring into the mixed tropes of comedy and melodrama, I seek to illustrate how the newly emergent tourist discourse builds upon the organizational principles of holiday-themed films, and how this particular genre and style, at times, can enable apolitical encounters with the societys collective consciousness, while critiquing the limits and conditions of Chinas post-socialist reality from within.
Cultural extraterritoriality: Intra-regional politics in contemporary Hong Kong cinema
Authors: Fan Victor
Published: November 2015

In this article, Victor Fan argues that analysing contemporary Hong Kong cinema requires active rewriting of established postcolonial theories by taking into account the specific mode of colonization of Hong Kong: extraterritoriality. This concept has been responsible for the construction of the cultural plurality, linguistic ambiguity and political liminality of Hong Kong and its cinematographic experience, as well as the incongruence between the communitys political consciousness after 1997 and the larger national imagination promulgated by the Beijing government. The term extraterritoriality was translated into Chinese after 1895 via Japanese as zhiwai faquan: the right to exercise ones law outside a nation states sovereign terrain, and colonialism in China between 1844 and 1949 was largely characterized by a continuous reformulation and systematization of this concept. It in fact still informs the way former colonized regions in China are administered today, and the political unconscious of their residents. With Johnnie Tos 2012 film Duzhan (Ct. Dukzin)/Drug War as a case study, contemporary Hong Kong cinema, Fan argues, can be understood as a public sphere where an extraterritorial consciousness and the contesting political affects associated with it are actively negotiated.
Anticipating action: The evolving grammar of action and montage in Hong Kong cinema
Authors: Chan Jessica Ka Yee
Published: November 2015

In his formalist reading, David Bordwell (2001: 73, 80) uses the term pause-burst-pause pattern to refer to the cinematic expressivity of Hong Kong action cinema. Although the pause-burst-pause paradigm locates stasis and action that lie at the heart of the performance and cinematic representation of physical action, the pause-burst-pause punctuation undergoes aesthetic transformation in the digital age. Through a comparative analysis of five representative films from the 1960s to the millennium, this article explores Hong Kong action cinemas historical evolution from the display of physical combat (swordplay, kung fu and gunplay) to intense psychological mind game and heightened aestheticization in four stylistic turns  fantastic, realist, formalist and digital. Wong Kar-wais Yi dai zong shi/The Grandmaster (2013), following the box office success of transnational Chinese martial arts cinemas, serves as a prime example of the digital turn as postcolonial Hong Kong action cinema positions and articulates itself to an increasingly international film scene. Taking Lisa Purses (2005: 152) notion of hypermediacy as a springboard, I argue that the combined use of computer-generated imagery (CGI) and aestheticized slow motion in The Grandmaster represents a new appreciation of slowness and softness, reinventing corporeal authenticity that the action genre is premised on.
Book Reviews
Authors: Moreno Ulises , Moskowitz Marc L.
Published: November 2015

Popular Culture in Asia: Memory, City, Celebrity, Lorna Fitzsimmons and John A. Lent (eds), (2013 First Edition) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 240 pp., ISBN: 1137270195, Hardback, $47.50, 9781137270207 Electronic, $35.62

Asian Popular Culture: The Global (Dis)continuity, Anthony Y. H. Fung (ed.), (2013 First Edition) New York: Routledge, 274 pp., ISBN: 9780415557177, Paperback, £29.99
Hospitality: Possible or impossible?
Authors: Kearney Richard
Published: November 2015

This article explores two main philosophical approaches to the relationship between hospitality and hostility. First, the hermeneutic approach, inspired by Paul Ricoeur, committed to a paradigm of reciprocal exchange between host and guest. Second, the deconstructive approach following Derrida, which endorses an asymmetrical rupture between host and guest. In the second part of the article the author applies these respective models to critical readings of hospitality in the Greek and Biblical traditions and in some contemporary political examples.
Ethics, power and space: International hospitality beyond Derrida
Authors: Bulley Dan
Published: November 2015

This article argues for the importance of hospitality in discussions of international ethics, suggesting that, while Jacques Derrida’s thought on the concept ought to be central, we also need to go beyond it. In particular, Derrida’s focus on the threshold moment of sovereign decision has the effect of reinforcing International Relations’ focus on the state as the only ethical actor and space. In contrast, this article suggests that we think of hospitality as a spatial relation with affective dimensions and a practice that continues once the guest crosses the threshold of the home. Conceived as such, hospitality reveals a constitutive relation between ethics, power and space, which directs us to the way hospitality produces international spaces and manages them through various tactics seeking to contain the resistant guest. This argument is illustrated through an examination of perhaps the most urgent of contemporary international ethical spaces: the refugee camp.
The ‘Emergency North Africa’ in the Bologna area: Visions and tensions of hospitality in operators’ discourses
Authors: Sredanovic Djordje , Lelleri Raffaele
Published: November 2015

We present an analysis of the visions of hospitality of the operators involved in Emergency North Africa (ENA), a welcoming project enacted in response to a higher than usual afflux of refugees in Italy in 2011, which exceeded the capacity of ordinary refugee housing structures. We do so thanks to three focus groups involving twelve operators who have worked on ENA in the Bologna area. We show the presence of a number of tensions existing between definitions of hospitality proposed by the different professions involved, between the rapidity required by the emergency organization and the ordinary pace of other bureaucratic processes, and between the visions of hospitality in terms of either aiming to integrate refugees within the territory or simply providing initial help prior to potential secondary migrations. We conclude by analysing the notions of hospitality expressed in terms of competing governmentalities.
Reviews
Authors: Herzog Carrie , Zhen Willa , Fernandez Jeff , Stutter Natalia , Gebbels Maria , Irimiás Anna , Palm Elin , Wilkinson Samantha , Ormond Meghann , Iarmolenko Svitlana , Manzo Lidia K.C.
Published: November 2015

Everyone Eats: Understanding Food and Culture, E. N. Anderson (2014) 2nd ed., New York and London: New York University Press, 362 pp., ISBN: 9780814760062, p/bk, £14.56; ISBN: 9780814770146, h/bk, £47.56

The Cultivation of Taste: Chefs and the Organization of Fine Dining, Christel Lane (2014) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 384 pp., ISBN: 9780199651658, h/bk, £30.00

Vodka Politics: Alcohol, Autocracy and the Secret History of the Russian State, Mark Lawrence Schrad (2014) New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 512 pp., ISBN: 9780199755592, h/bk, £22.99

Street Food: Culture, Economy, Health and Governance, Ryzia De Cassia Vieira Cordoso, Michéle Companion and Stefano Roberto Marras (eds) (2014) Abingdon: Routledge, xviii+281 pp., ISBN: 9781138023680, h/bk, £85.00

Foodies and Food Tourism, Donald Getz, Richard Robinson, Tommy Andersson and Sanja Vujicic (2014) Oxford: Good Fellow Publishers Ltd, 239 pp., ISBN: 9781910158005, p/bk, $48.00/£29.99

Heritage in the Digital Era: Cinematic Tourism and the Activist Cause, Rodanthi Tzanelli (2013) Abingdon: Routledge, xv + 247 pp., ISBN: 9781415643801, h/bk, £90.00

Binational Human Rights: The U.S.-Mexico Experience, William Paul Simmons and Carol Mueller (eds) (2014) Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 300 pp., ISBN: 9780812246285, h/bk, £36.00

Contemporary Adulthood and the Night-time Economy, Oliver Smith (2014) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 204 pp., ISBN: 9781137344519, h/bk, £58

Disruptive Tourism and its Untidy Guests: Alternative Ontologies of Future Hospitalities, Soile Veijola, Jennie Germann Molz, Olli Pyyhtinen, Emily Höckert and Alexander Grit (2014) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, viii+167 pp., ISBN: 9781137399496, h/bk, £60.00

Identity and Intercultural Exchange in Travel and Tourism, Anthony David Barker (ed.) (2015) Bristol: Channel View, xi+220 pp., ISBN: 9781845414627, p/bk, £29.95

Market Place : Food Quarters, De sign and Urban Renewal in London, Susan Parham (2012) Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, xi + 332 pp., ISBN: 9781443841726, h/bk, £49.99
Reviews
Authors: Sporton Gregory
Published: November 2015

Cirque Éloize – ‘Cirkopolis’, Peacock Theatre, London, February 2015
Canadian actor: Horror death and cooperation
Authors: Richings Julian
Published: November 2015

A first-person narrative written by Julian Richings, reflecting on his transition from the British theatre system of the 1970s and 1980s to the reality of working in Canada. The article covers a span of three decades of emerging Canadian cultural identity, and the daily reality of theatre, television and film that make up an actor’s life.
Galleries for life: Responses to nature dioramas and sustainability exhibits at the Royal Saskatchewan Museum
Authors: Sutter Glenn C.
Published: November 2015

Galleries for life: Responses to nature dioramas and sustainability exhibits at the Royal Saskatchewan Museum
Processos de autoavaliação de escolas ou avaliação interna do sistema?
Authors: Sousa Anabela Barros Pinto , Terrasêca Manuela
Published: November 2015

A avaliação, no atual quadro das políticas em educação, constitui um instrumento de regulação da ação. Em Portugal, a avaliação de escolas públicas centra-se nas dimensões da autoavaliação e da avaliação externa, cuja articulação é normativamente declarada e tem sido incentivada em diversas iniciativas de avaliação, aferição e acompanhamento. Com base em análise documental de documentos de enquadramento e relatórios de iniciativas de avaliação de escolas, apresentam-se, neste artigo, conceções de autoavaliação de escola neles construídas e reflete-se sobre a dimensão “auto” desta autoavaliação, nas escolas públicas em Portugal, como exercício de autonomia e de prestação de contas. Desde 2002, são conhecidas as orientações gerais para a autoavaliação das escolas. Apesar de a tutela continuar a afirmar que não se pretende induzir o processo, os modelos e os instrumentos de avaliação das escolas, em particular a Avaliação Externa das Escolas (AEE), tem vindo a exercer uma orientação/regulação soft, uma vez que solicita à escola um discurso sobre si, construído em torno da análise de dimensões que impõe. Esta “nova forma de governança”, assumindo-se como um modo de regulação desta ação, pode traduzir-se numa autoavaliação como um discurso, mais ou menos estandardizado, que corresponde, antes, a uma parte da (auto)avaliação do sistema, do que a um processo de construção de referenciais negociados e partilhados na escola. É nosso propósito caracterizar esta autoavaliação, a partir da análise do quadro concetual da AEE, e enunciar as dimensões em que se concretiza, bem como procurar esclarecer o lugar que ocupa na evolução do modelo de AEE..
Tópicos sobre retenção escolar em Portugal através do PISA: qualidade e equidade
Authors: Ferrao Maria Eugenia
Published: November 2015

No enquadramento das medidas necessárias à Estratégia Europa 2020 - no que concerne à prevenção da saída antecipada, identificam-se grupos de risco de retenção escolar com base na definição frequencista de probabilidade e no modelo de regressão logística multinível. A análise de dados do PISA 2012 sugere que a retenção precoce é um forte preditor da retenção tardia  e que a probabilidade de retenção precoce é 35 vezes maior no primeiro décimo da distribuição do nível socioeconómico dos alunos comparativamente com o décimo superior. A razão de chances apurada considerando o modelo logístico multinível indica que os sujeitos do sexo masculino têm, em média, 1.7 vezes mais chance de ficar retidos; por cada unidade de desvio padrão adicional no nível socioeconómico do aluno, a razão de chances de não retenção aumenta 1.5 vezes e quadruplica por unidade da escala de composição socioeconómica da população discente. No que se refere ao autoconceito em Matemática, por cada unidade de desvio padrão adicional, a razão de chances de não retenção aumenta 1.5 vezes. Tendo em mente o debate internacional sobre o efeito de longo prazo da retenção escolar na trajetória individual e sabendo que Portugal se encontra entre os países da OCDE com maior grau de desigualdade na distribuição do rendimento, a interpretação dos resultados obtidos recomenda a conceção, planeamento e implementação de medidas de intervenção orientadas à melhoria das aprendizagens nos grupos de risco, tendo o 1º e 2º ciclos do ensino básico como prioritários. do nível socioeconómico dos alunos comparativamente com o décimo superior. A razão de chances apuradas considerando o modelo logístico multinível com variável resposta retenção (sim/não), indica que os sujeitos do sexo masculino têm, em média, 1.5 vezes mais chance de ficar retidos; por cada unidade de desvio padrão adicional no nível socioeconómico do aluno, a razão de chances de não retenção aumenta 1.3 vezes e, no que se refere ao autoconceito em Matemática, por cada unidade de desvio padrão adicional, a razão de chances de não retenção aumenta 1.4 vezes. Os resultados evidenciam que para os alunos mais desfavorecidos socialmente se configura um imenso cenário de desigualdade de oportunidades, com início na escola, a partir dos 7 anos de idade. Tendo em mente o debate internacional sobre o efeito de longo prazo da retenção escolar na trajetória individual e sabendo que Portugal se encontra entre os países da OCDE com maior grau de desigualdade na distribuição do rendimento, a interpretação dos resultados obtidos recomenda a conceção, planeamento e implementação de medidas de intervenção orientadas à melhoria das aprendizagens nos grupos de risco, tendo o 1º e 2º ciclos do ensino básico como prioritários.
Az idegkímélő műtéti technika jelentősége a mélyen infiltráló endometriosis sebészetében
Authors: Bokor Attila , Csibi Noémi , Lukovich Péter , Brubel Réka , Joó József Gábor , Rigó János
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Traditional surgeries performed in cases of deep infiltrating endometriosis lead to impaired quality of life. Aim: To summarize the postoperative outcome and to compare the rate of postoperative complications after different therapeutic approaches applied in deep infiltrating endometriosis. Method: The authors analized the articles published between March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2015, in the database http://www.pubmed.org using the following keywords: endometriosis, deep infiltrating, nerve sparing, surgery. Results: Non-nerve sparing surgery resulted in temporary urinary dysfunction in 19.1–38.5% of patients, while it occurred in 0.61–33.3% of patients after nerve-sparing surgery. Non-nerve sparing surgical technique resulted in an avarage of 121 days of need for self-catheretisation. When nerve-sparing surgeries were performed the duration of self-catheterisation varied between 7 to 39.8 days. After nerve sparing surgeries, permanent bladder dysfunction was not detected in any case. Conclusions: Because of the successful treatment of the patients symptoms and the lower postoperative complication rate, nerve-sparing surgical technique leads to a significant improvement of the quality of life. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(48), 1960–1965.
Assessment of indicators of faculty mass sport functioning in higer educational establishment
Authors: Kirpenko V.N.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: to work out the methodic of determination of military higher educational establishment faculty’s rating for improvement of organization, monitoring and control of physical education process at the faculty. Material: we used systemic-structural analysis; functioning of military higher educational establishment faculty was simulated; quantitative values of faculty functioning integral rating, connected with organization and conducting of sport measures, were obtained. Results: on the base of hierarchic model of faculty functioning we offered model of faculty rating. De-composition of its structure was carried out up to the level, at which it is possible to make objective quantitative assessments of separate kinds of functioning. Conclusions: the worked out rating-model of functioning results shows functional connection of faculty’s integral rating with its special ratings as well as connections between different kinds of functioning at different levels of de-composition. We found clear connection of special ratings of lower level with quantitative assessments of functioning. It permits to differentially approach to comparison and assessment of faculty’s functioning.
Motivation for physical culture as factor of students’ functional state optimization
Authors: Lachno O.G.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: to analyze students’ attitude to physical education classes; to compare motivation for physical education of 1 st and 4 th year students. Material: 100 students of 17 - 22 years’ age participated in the research. All they were questioned. Results: In the whole, boys have positive attitude to sport practicing but some of them can have harmful habits. The attitude to sport practicing of most of girls changes with age. It was found that biological age of students significantly exceeds passport age. Biological age of senior students it reduces to some extent, in comparison with junior students. It was also found that in process of studying at HEE students’ motivation for sport practicing changes to positive side. It witnesses about formation of student positive attitude to physical education in general. Conclusions: we have shown that there is a demand in strengthening of motivation for physical culture classes and further formation positive attitude to them with increasing of students’ knowledge about physical education.
Working out of health related power lifting training program for first year students with muscular skeletal apparatus affections
Authors: Zhen Qiang San
Published: November 2015

Purpose: substantiation and working out of program for health improvement of first year students with muscular skeletal apparatus affections by power lifting means. Material: in experiment, which lasted one year, 24 first year students with muscular skeletal apparatus affections participated (two groups, 12 persons in each). The students’ age was 18-20 years old. Results: optimal correlation of specific and non-specific loads - 60%:40% was found. The worked out complex of exercises for training of bench press barbell technique includes the following: special warming up exercises, exercises on special simulators and exercises with weights. As general physical training it is recommended to use complex of commonly accepted exercises. Conclusions: application of the worked out program ensures formation of steady interest to physical exercises’ practicing, strengthening of health, replenishment of motor skills’ base, training of motor qualities and functional fitness. Besides, it facilitates more effective students’ social adaptation in collective.
EUROPEAN FISHERIES FUNDS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AREAS IMPORTANT FOR FISHERIES
Authors: Biukšāne Inese
Published: November 2015

Fisheries local operational groups (hereinafter in the text FLOG) are allocated the funding of the European Fisheries Fund (hereinafter in the text - EFF) for sustainable development and life quality improvement of areas important for fisheries. Despite the fisheries sector obstructing factors named by the fisheries local operational groups, only 31, 61% of the allocated public funding is channeled to the solution of these problems, and the rest 68,39% - for the general development. According to the author’s opinion, only those FLOG should be supported which culturally, historically and socioeconomically depend on the fisheries sector to the greatest part, in order to use the EFF funding within the next planning period 2014-1020 efficiently and expediently.
FRENCH “ FIDUCIE ”, LATVIAN “ TRUST ” AND ROMANIAN “ FIDUCIA ” (CONCEPTUAL AND TERMINOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES)
Authors: Gvelesiani Irina
Published: November 2015

An “all-embracing” process of globalization stipulates the formation of today’s globe. It enters different spheres of life and facilitates the uniformity of economy, law, politics, language and even, cultural life. In the framework of globalization, drastic changes can be seen in the legal systems of some European countries. The given research tries to answer the demands of the modern epoch. It describes the process of the emergence of the European modifications of “trust”, singles out major concepts presented in the Latvian, Romanian and French trust mechanisms and underlines their significance in today’s world. The given research is a presentation of the new outlook of the development of “trust-like” institutions of some European countries.
STRATEGIC ALLIANCES – THEIR DEFINITION AND FORMATION
Authors: Kinderis Remigijus , Jucevičius Giedrius
Published: November 2015

The article presents analysis of the definition of strategic alliances, the analysis of alliance and the research of a strategic alliance concept; furthermore, it focuses on the contingent hierarchy of alliances. The motives of strategic alliances formation, their categories, groups and benefit for business have been revealed in this article. Special attention is paid to the process of strategic alliance formation and the analysis of factors that influence the formation of strategic alliances and management success. Finally, the types of strategic alliances analyzed in the scientific literature are reflected and the theoretical insights of alliance formation, acquired through systemic analysis, are also presented in this study.
THE ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL INDICATORS IN EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF A COMPANY
Authors: Kotāne Inta
Published: November 2015

In this article the findings of a survey of entrepreneurs’ viewpoint are collected. It is carried out with an aim of clarifying the importance of financial and non-financial indicators in evaluating the performance of a company as well as the factors that influence the impartiality of financial and non-financial indicators and the factors that interfere with financial and non-financial analysis of a company. The topicality of this research is based on the reason that many authors have carried out research into the systems of financial and non-financial indicators. However, the arising issues are connected with the practical application because of the lack of unified approach to identifying, classifying, measuring and evaluating indicators of financial activities. This research is based on preceding theoretical work about the uses of financial and non-financial indicators in evaluating the performance of the company. The aim of this research is to carry out assessment of the importance of financial and non-financial indicators in evaluating the performance of the company, using the opinion of Latvian entrepreneurs. For this research we used method of online survey, using simple random selection or the method of real random selection.
RESEARCH INTO CATERING ENTERPRISE SERVICE AND ITS QUALITY ANALYSIS IN REZEKNE
Authors: Silicka Inese , Dembovska Iveta
Published: November 2015

A major feature of improved quality of the European hospitality is to satisfy customer needs, increase competition in the hospitality industry and ensure sustainable development of the industry. Quality exists only to the extent that a product or service meets customer needs and expectations. According to the individual elements that make up quality, standards-based strategy must be based on a complete understanding of a customer. Customer satisfaction gained from the stopover destination is not only dependent on the specific service of hospitality experience, but also from other, more general factors, such as hospitality and security, hygienic conditions, healthy climate, customer management. A great number of different stuff in the hotel and catering businesses affect the way customers perceive their destination. They affect his/her satisfaction and customer willingness to repeatedly go back or recommend this place to other potential guests. Destination success in the meaning of client satisfaction is an action that consists of many interconnected components. They reveal the need for strategic and integrated planning of customers’ aim together with the use of different methods to promote integrated quality management (including quality control).
ANALYSIS OF THE PROFITABILITY AND FINANCIAL RISK OF THE BRANCHES OF ECONOMY OF LATGALE PLANNING REGION DURING THE PERIOD OF TIME FROM 2006 TO 2012
Authors: Garanča Biruta
Published: November 2015

There has been calculated and analysed the profitability of the branches of economy and the basic activity of Latgale in comparison with that of Latvia during the period of time from 2006 to 2012. The impact of the profitability of the economic and the basic activity has been calculated by applying the author’s worked out methodology. There have been calculated and analysed the profitability variation quotients of the branches of economy and the basic activity, which characterize the financial risk. The advantages of the branches in Latgale have been stated by combining the analysis of profitability and the financial risks.
THE ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL DIMENSION IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Bučienė Romantė , Ulvidiene Erstida
Published: November 2015

Under the rapid processes of globalization, education should help strengthen the creative powers of society, especially of the younger generation, to preserve and to develop the identity, as well as to educate civil society, increasing employment opportunities, particularly the ones of the youth, as well as economic competitiveness, reducing poverty and social exclusion. This paper defines the concept of entrepreneurship, the importance of entrepreneurial competence in the context of learning to act, it also presents an overview of youth employment and unemployment situation in the labour market, entrepreneurship level evaluation problem. The paper presents results of the survey carried out among young people in Lithuania, Slovakia and Germany, the attitude towards decision-making, time management, initiative, leadership, communication, confidence, responsibility, money and investment risk, mental stamina, creativity, acquired and inborn personal characteristics of businessmen as well as small (family) business development opportunities.
THE CONCEPT OF BUSINESS EFFICIENCY AND ITS INTERPRETATION
Authors: Kotāne Inta
Published: November 2015

The concept of efficiency is one of the most important categories of economic analysis; however, there are no unambiguous translations in English-American, Latvian and Russian. There are also contradictions in the interpretations and explanations of this concept. There are several terms used in the economic literature as well as other fields’ literature to characterize the concept of efficiency and effectiveness. However, these terms are not always similarly defined in different fields. There are several variants of the concept of efficiency, thus it is important to research the explanations of it. This study is based on the analysis of special literature as well as scientific publications in Latvia and abroad about business efficiency. The aim of this research is to research the concept of business efficiency. Common research methods are used in this research: monographic or descriptive research method and comparison method by conducting detailed research of the concept of business efficiency which is based on an extensive literature review. The results of the research show the improved definitions of the concept of business efficiency.
THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF COMPANIES’ CRISES. THEORETICAL GUIDELINES AND PRACTICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Mietule Iveta , Klodāne Aļona
Published: November 2015

Slightest changes in the environment can trigger company’s crisis at any stage of its development. Being aware of the key factors entailing the crisis together with the impact of all contributing factors, as well as having a good knowledge of the possible scenarios of crisis development, enables business leaders to have a better chance to effectively ensure company’s stability at any stage of its crisis. In this regard the theoretical frameworks of the company's crisis and crisis development process have been explored. As a result of this practical research on the crisis development process, the most important standpoints of Latvia’s small and medium-sized entrepreneurs have been explored.
THE PARADIGM OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE BALANCED SCORECARD
Authors: Burunova Olena , Gushko Sergii , Kulishov Volodymyr
Published: November 2015

The paper investigates the process of strategic management and missions of a multinational corporation on the basis of the model of the balanced scorecard (BSC) formation. Due to the trends in modern management, the development of a company’s strategy, and the estimation of its efficiency are carried out with increasing frequency by means of scorecards. Thus, the aim of the research is to explore the paradigm of strategic management of multinational corporations within the framework of implementation of the model of an enterprise scorecard in an ERP system. The topicality of the research is determined by the necessity to implement the worked out in detail monitoring of company’s activity in a strategic focus, which will allow increasing the operationability and efficiency of administrative decisions and controlling the most essential financial and non-financial performance indices. In the course of work, the authors were guided by the principles of systemic and dialectical approaches to explore the problem. Thereat methods of logic and factor analysis, swot analysis, scenario planning, approaches to grouping, comparison, generalization, interconnection of the theoretical and practical aspects of the work of multinational corporations were used. They serve to deepen the theoretical and methodological aspects referred to the formation of the accounting and analytical information and implementation of the balanced scorecard model in the process of institutionalization of informative economy. It is well-proven that optimization of a business strategy of companies contributes to realization of the information support mechanism of the accounting and analytical systems under the condition of ERP introduction- systems for the improvement of methods of accounting, control and analysis. It gives an opportunity to efficiently manage the resources of corporations, to regulate their production load, to control quality and push their products forward to foreign markets. It has been found out that, taking into account these tendencies, it is possible to construct a pay card of the system of indices according to the levels of acceptance of administrative decisions on the basis of all main business processes of a corporation.
RISKS AFFECTING CITY ATTRACTIVENESS
Authors: Litavniece Lienīte
Published: November 2015

The competition among cities contributes to raising new strategic targets; in any case the most important is to provide your city with the necessary human resources – independent people, investors / entrepreneurs and guests/ tourists. As a result, each municipality must take into account many factors in order to avoid cause havoc. The potential risks must be taken into account. The risk management process in the context of attractiveness of the city is a relatively little-studied issue. The paper aims to assess the risks that influence attractiveness of a city and determine their ranking according to the city's attractiveness criteria. The paper is focused on the risk analysis phase, based on attractiveness of a city as the city's strategic goal. The risks were grouped into eleven city attractiveness criteria. An expert survey was carried out, resulting in the risk set for each rank within single criteria. The obtained expert survey data will be used in municipalities during the planning work, because it will give the opportunity to be aware of the major risks, the consequences which may affect city attractiveness.