bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions of associative and non-associative learning to the dynamics of defensive ethograms
Authors: Le Quan-Son Eric , Hereford Daniel , Borkar Chandrashekhar D , Aldaco Zach , Klar Julia , Resendez Alexis , Fadok Jonathan P
Published: November 2024

Defensive behavior changes based on threat intensity, proximity, and context of exposure, and learning about danger-predicting stimuli is critical for survival. However, most Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigms focus only on freezing behavior, obscuring the contributions of associative and non-associative mechanisms to dynamic defensive responses. To thoroughly investigate defensive ethograms, we subjected male and female adult C57BL/6J mice to a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm that paired footshock with a serial compound stimulus (SCS) consisting of distinct tone and white noise (WN) stimulus periods. To investigate how associative and non-associative mechanisms affect defensive responses, we compared this paired SCS-footshock group with four control groups that were conditioned with either pseudorandom unpaired presentations of SCS and footshock, shock only, or reversed SCS presentations with inverted tone--WN order, with paired or unpaired presentations. On day 2 of conditioning, the paired group exhibited robust freezing during the tone period with switching to explosive jumping and darting behaviors during the WN period. Comparatively, the unpaired and both reverse SCS groups expressed less tone-induced freezing and rarely showed jumping or darting during WN. Following the second day of conditioning, we observed how defensive behavior changed over two extinction sessions. During extinction, the tone-induced freezing decreased in the paired group and mice rapidly shifted from escape jumping during WN to a combination of freezing and darting. The unpaired, unpaired reverse, and shock-only groups displayed defensive tail rattling and darting during the SCS, with minimal freezing and jumping. Interestingly, the paired reverse group did not jump to WN, and tone-evoked freezing was resistant to extinction. These findings demonstrate that non-associative factors promote some defensive responsiveness, but associative factors are required for robust cue-induced freezing and high-intensity flight expression.
Reassessing the substrate specificities of the major Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan hydrolases lysostaphin and LytM
Authors: Antenucci Lina , Virtanen Salla , Thapa Chandan , Jartti Minne , Pitkänen Ilona , Tossavainen Helena , Permi Perttu
Published: November 2024

Orchestrated action of peptidoglycan (PG) synthetases and hydrolases is vital for bacterial growth and viability. Although the function of several PG synthetases and hydrolases is well understood, the function, regulation, and mechanism of action of PG hydrolases characterised as lysostaphin-like endopeptidases have remained elusive. Many of these M23 family members can hydrolyse glycyl-glycine peptide bonds and show lytic activity against Staphylococcus aureus whose PG contains a pentaglycine bridge, but their exact substrate specificity and hydrolysed bonds are still vaguely determined. In this work, we have employed NMR spectroscopy to study both the substrate specificity and the bond cleavage of the bactericide lysostaphin and the S. aureus PG hydrolase LytM. Yet, we provide substrate-level evidence for the functional role of these enzymes. Indeed, our results show that the substrate specificities of these structurally highly homologous enzymes are similar, but unlike observed earlier both LytM and lysostaphin prefer the D-Ala-Gly cross-linked part of mature peptidoglycan. However, we show that while lysostaphin is genuinely a glycyl-glycine hydrolase, LytM can also act as a D-alanyl-glycine endopeptidase.
Spinal V1 inhibitory interneuron clades differ in birthdate, projections to motoneurons, and heterogeneity
Authors: Worthy Andrew E , Anderson JoAnna T , Lane Alicia R , Gomez-Perez Laura , Wang Anthony A , Griffith Ronald W , Rivard Andre F , Bikoff Jay B , Alvarez Francisco J
Published: November 2024

Spinal cord interneurons play critical roles shaping motor output, but their precise identity and connectivity remain unclear. Focusing on the V1 interneuron cardinal class we defined four major V1 subsets according to neurogenesis timing, genetic lineage-tracing, synaptic output to motoneurons, and synaptic inputs from muscle afferents. Birthdate delineates two early born (Renshaw and Pou6f2) and two late born (Foxp2 and Sp8) V1 clades, showing that sequential neurogenesis produces different V1 subsets. Early born Renshaw cells and late born Foxp2-V1 interneurons are tightly coupled to motoneurons, while early born Pou6f2-V1 and late born Sp8-V1 interneurons are not, indicating that timing of neurogenesis does not correlate with motoneuron targeting. V1 clades also differ in cell numbers and diversity. Lineage labeling shows that the Foxp2-V1 clade contains over half of all V1 interneurons, provides the largest inhibitory input to motoneuron cell bodies and includes subgroups that differ in birthdate, location, and proprioceptive input. Notably, one Foxp2-V1 subgroup, defined by postnatal Otp expression is positioned near the lateral motor column and receives substantial input from proprioceptors, consistent with an involvement in reciprocal inhibitory pathways. Combined tracing of ankle flexor sensory afferents and interneurons monosynaptically connected to ankle extensors confirmed placement of Foxp2-V1 interneurons in reciprocal inhibitory pathways. Our results validate previously proposed V1 clades as unique functional subtypes that differ in circuit placement, with Foxp2-V1 cells forming the most heterogeneous subgroup. We discuss how V1 organizational diversity enables understanding of their roles in motor control, with implications for their diverse ontogenetic and phylogenetic origins.
TCellR2Vec: efficient feature selection for TCR sequences for cancer classification
Authors: Tayebi Zahra , Ali Sarwan , Patterson Murray
Published: November 2024

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death globally. New immunotherapies that harness the patient’s immune system to fight cancer show promise, but their development requires analyzing the diversity of immune cells called T-cells. T-cells have receptors that recognize and bind to cancer cells. Sequencing these T-cell receptors allows to provide insights into their immune response, but extracting useful information is challenging. In this study, we propose a new computational method, TCellR2Vec, to select key features from T-cell receptor sequences for classifying different cancer types. We extracted features like amino acid composition, charge, and diversity measures and combined them with other sequence embedding techniques. For our experiments, we used a dataset of over 50,000 T-cell receptor sequences from five cancer types, which showed that TCellR2Vec improved classification accuracy and efficiency over baseline methods. These results demonstrate TCellR2Vec’s ability to capture informative aspects of complex T-cell receptor sequences. By improving computational analysis of the immune response, TCellR2Vec could aid the development of personalized immunotherapies tailored to each patient’s T-cells. This has important implications for creating more effective cancer treatments based on the individual’s immune system.
Sistema de mediación entre edificios. Propuesta para la rearticulación de una manzana desde su sitio residual en la ciudad inmobiliaria de Santiago Centro
Authors:   , Campos Pino Antonia
Published: November 2024

Dentro del sector norponiente del centro histórico de Santiago la particularidad de una manzana altamente densificada a través de distintos tipos de edificaciones, y, a la vez, plagada de elementos anónimos como medianeros y muros ciegos, llama profundamente la atención e inspira un estudio de los procesos subyacentes que la moldearon hasta su conformación actual.La siguiente investigación continúa este hilo al encontrar un fenómeno que sustenta esta intuición: todos los edificios actualmente presentes en la manzana fueron construidos dentro de dos instancias temporales específicas y distanciadas entre sí. Por medio del estudio de la evolución morfológica de la manzana, a través de cada una de sus instancias, se buscará presentar una lectura crítica de los procesos y contextos que determinaron su configuración. Además, se analizarán las problemáticas que se presentan actualmente para sus habitantes. Se plantea que estas se desprenden principalmente de los roces no planificados entre las distintas piezas, producto del desarrollo hiperindividualizado de cada una.Se propone que para remediar la desarticulación presente en la manzana y poder aportarle a sus vecinos ámbitos que complementan su vida privada, previamente dejados de lado como la dimensión colectiva y pública, se deberá diseñar un “sistema de mediación”. Este corresponde a una suma de nuevos elementos que entablarán conversaciones e interacciones virtuosas entre sus edificios. El único sitio no edificado de la manzana será la puerta de entrada de este proyecto que infiltrará el resto de ella para explorar la comprensión de la manzana como una unidad desde un paradigma contemporáneo.
Impact of Providing Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Hay, Wheat Bran, and Their Mixes on Begait Lambs' Skin and Leather Quality
Authors: Beyene Gebreslasie Gebrekidan
Published: November 2024

Aims:

To evaluate the impact of adding wheat bran (WB), cowpea hay (CPH), or mixes of the two on the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of leather.
To determine the ideal ratio for supplementing wheat bran and cowpea hay on the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of leather.

Study Design:  The study employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and blocks.
Place and Duration of Study: Northern Ethiopia, Humera Agricultural Research Center farm, starting from December 2016 until November 2017.
Methodology: 25 intact male Begait lambs were bought from the local market, weighing an average of 28.02 ± 1.49 kg (mean ± SD) at 5 to 6 months of age. Based on their starting body weight, they were split into five groups and assigned randomly to each of the five treatments. The standard diet for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 consisted of giving natural grass hay ad libitum plus supplements of 300 g CPH, 225 g CPH + 75 g WB, 150 g CPH + 150 g WB, 75 g CPH + 225 g WB, and 300 g WB DM day-1. Three lambs per treatment were randomly chosen, slaughtered, and dressed down using standard commercial techniques at the end of the feeding trial to assess the quality of skin and leather.
Results: Compared to the other treatment groups, the Begait lambs in T2 and T3 exhibited increased tensile strength, elongation strength, and thickness. However, the chemical makeup of skin was comparable between treatment groups.
Conclusion: Therefore, this study concluded that all test diets generated skin and leather that largely complied with the chemical and physico-mechanical quality standards demanded by the leather industry.
Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of Su‘ad Kūfī (Cyperus rotundus L.): An Insight
Authors: Habib Abdul , Arzoo Khan Sabiha , Mariyam Zamal , Asif Mohd , Anwar Noman , Ansari Athar Parvez
Published: November 2024

Background: Cyperus rotundus, an important medicinal plant belonging to the Cyperaceae family, is therapeutically used in many traditional systems of medicine, such as Unani medicine, Ayurveda, Siddha, Homeopathy, Chinese medicine, etc.
Aim: The prime goal of this review is to provide a scientific basis and classical references for clinical use and further scientific exploration of Cyperus rotundus.
Materials and Methods: This systemic review was carried out after searching Unani classical and other ethnobotanical literature and published research work available on PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Research Gate, etc.
Results: Cyperus rotundus L. is the accepted botanical name of Su'ad Kūfī, Nagarmotha, or Nutgrass as referred in Unani and other traditional medicines. It is grown in India, China, the Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Indonesia, Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Pacific Islands, South America, Africa, the Middle East, North America, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe. Usually, the rhizome of this important medicinal plant is therapeutically used for various ailments, including indigestion, constipation, dysentery, neurogenic gastralgia, skin diseases, mental weakness, cardiac weakness, nervine weakness, palpitation, weakness of stomach, flatulence, retention of urine, amenorrhea, dribbling of urine, etc. It contains many important secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sitosterol, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, essential oils, sugar, protein, amino acids, etc., which have been reported to possess antibacterial, anti-tumour, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, antimalarial, anti-obesity, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective pharmacological activities.
Conclusion: It is concluded that abundant bioactive compounds identified and separated from Cyperus rotundus possess potential medicinal values on different systems of the body.
The Impact of Social Responsibility on the Company Financial Performance of the Asian Industrial Sectors
Authors: Sabti Yousif Mousa , Kareem Jasim Mohammed , Kadhim Salam Radhi , Mahmood Aseel Hadi , Hadi Asia Hasan
Published: November 2024

Aims: This research aims to study the relationship between social responsibility with its dimensions (economic, employee, and product) and company financial performance of Asian industrial sector companies.
Methodology: This study used a sample of 113 listed companies from 2020 to 2023 using secondary data and DataStream and the study used the OLS Robust regression to test the relation between the variables.
Results: The results showed that there is an important and positive link between social responsibility and its dimensions (economic, employee, and product) with financial performance. Since CSR is not a compulsory practice, many companies may not feel the need to involve in it. The regulators of Asian industrial companies could take advantage of these results in their attempt to achieve a development process.
Conclusion: Though, with all the profits it needs, companies should take it as essential and start employed today with the aim of attractive a socially responsible organization for all. The process of “social responsibility” in development means that development aims are not limited to the current, but rather we must see their findings in the future.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Using S-1 for Resected Biliary Tract Carcinoma
Authors: Suzuki Shuji , Shimoda Mitsugi , Shimazaki Jiro , Miyamoto Ryoichi , Watanabe Mitsuru , Shiihara Masahiro , Suzuki Takashi , Izumi Kihiro
Published: November 2024

Objective

The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for resected biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) is unclear; however, the JCOG1202 trial indicated that S-1 may be effective. This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for resected BTC at a single institute.

Methods

Seventy-five patients who underwent resection for BTC between 2014 and 2021 were classified as surgery alone (N = 29) or surgery plus S-1 (N = 46). Outcomes, including relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), were compared between the groups.

Results

The cohort (mean age, 72.2 years) included 51 men and 24 women. No differences in patient characteristics [age, sex, tumor-node-metastasis classification, Union for International Cancer Control stage, and residual tumor (R) classification] were observed between the groups. Grade 3/4 adverse events were not observed, and relative dose intensity was 84.8%. No differences were observed between the groups regarding RFS and OS or in RFS when excluding those with R2 (p = 0.599). However, a significant difference was observed in OS between the groups in the latter case (p = 0.04) with median survival times of 22.2 months for surgery alone and 64.5 months for surgery plus S-1.

Conclusion

S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy prolonged OS in patients with BTC treated by curative resection (excluding R2).
VIRTUAL INFLUENCERS AND DIGITAL ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Kembau Agung Stefanus , Kolondam Arifmanuel , Mandey Nancy Henrietta Jessamine
Published: November 2024

This study addresses a critical gap in digital marketing by examining the impact of virtual influencers on consumer engagement, focusing on Gen Z and Gen Y in Indonesia’s Jabodetabek region. While virtual influencers are gaining traction globally and locally, limited research has explored the factors that drive consumer interaction in diverse, digitally evolving markets like Indonesia. This study investigates the roles of perceived authenticity, content quality, and technological sophistication, with a particular emphasis on the moderating effect of digital literacy—a factor often overlooked in previous research. Data from 179 respondents were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS. The findings reveal that perceived authenticity, content quality, and technological sophistication significantly enhance consumer engagement with virtual influencers, especially among digitally literate consumers. Digital literacy plays a critical moderating role, amplifying the impact of these influencer attributes and highlighting the importance of digital fluency in consumer interactions with advanced digital personas. These insights offer a theoretical contribution to the literature on influencer marketing and provide practical guidance for Indonesian brands seeking to connect with younger, tech-savvy audiences. By prioritizing authenticity, high-quality content, and appropriate technological sophistication, brands can strategically leverage virtual influencers to cultivate deeper, more meaningful engagement in Indonesia’s rapidly evolving digital landscape.
PENGARUH ADVERTISING VALUE, HEDONIC BROWSING, DAN IMPULSIVE BUYING PADA IKLAN MAKANAN DI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM
Authors: Callista Jihan , Wong Cornelia , Andreani Fransisca , Aprilia Adriana
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh advertising value, hedonic browsing, dan impulsive buying pada iklan makanan di media sosial Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling. Total responden yang valid dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 129 responden dan diolah menggunakan Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa advertising value memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan  terhadap  hedonic  browsing  pada  iklan makanan di media sosial Instagram. Hedonic browsing memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap impulsive buying pada iklan makanan di media sosial Instagram, dan advertising value memiliki pengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap impulsive buying pada iklan makanan di media sosial Instagram.
Digital Storytelling in Activism: Transforming Voices into Movements
Authors: Pandey Ishita
Published: November 2024

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Internet of Things Based Data Integration Ontology in Cybersecurity
Authors: Kudini Ahmed Abdullah
Published: November 2024

Smart houses depend on the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) to produce efficient housing and ensure smart consumption in our current scarce economic state. Machines have proven their ability to control a home system in different aspects like security, electricity, water consumption, air conditioning, and lighting. Results show a significant change in the statistics comparing consumption under human control vs. under machine control. This research will explore the new field of IoT and address the current global crises that we face and will try to show the roles that IoT installation will play in trying to lower the human domestic impact on increasing the global ECO crisis and overconsumption. Finally, this dissertation will conclude by showing the security factor that this smart system excels in and proving that it can reduce consumption and be as ecofriendly as possible.
CD146 interacts with galectin‐3 to mediate endothelial cell migration
Authors: Zhang Zhongyu , Zheng Yi , Wang Hao , Zhou Yifa , Tai Guihua
Published: May 2018

Here, we investigated the role of the cell membrane protein CD146 in galectin‐3‐mediated endothelial cell migration at the molecular level. Our results show that knocking down CD146 significantly attenuates galectin‐3‐mediated cell migration. Pull‐down assays, gel filtration, and biolayer interferometry further demonstrate that galectin‐3 binds to the CD146 ectodomain (eFL) with a KD of ~1.1 μm. To identify the galectin‐3‐binding site, we used mass spectrometry to show that CD146 eFL has four N‐glycosites, with PNGase F treatment indicating that N‐glycans define the binding epitope. Galectin‐3 likely interacts with Domain 5 on CD146 eFL, because it contains poly‐N‐acetyllactosamine sites, and deletion of this domain significantly reduces binding. Overall, our findings provide a better understanding of how galectin‐3 interacts with cell membrane receptors to mediate endothelial cell migration.
Searching for two categories of target in dynamic visual displays impairs monitoring ability
Authors: Muhl‐Richardson Alex , Cornes Katherine , Godwin Hayward J. , Garner Matthew , Hadwin Julie A. , Liversedge Simon P. , Donnelly Nick
Published: May 2018

Target onsets in dynamically changing displays can be predicted when contingencies exist between different stimulus states over time. In the present study, we examined predictive monitoring when participants searched dynamically changing displays of numbers and colored squares for a color target, a number target, or both. Stimuli were presented in both contiguous and discrete spatial configurations. Response time (RT) and accuracy were recorded, and evidence of predictive monitoring was assessed via first fixations and refixations of target‐predictive stimuli. RTs to target onsets and evidence of predictive monitoring were reduced in dual‐target, relative to single‐target, conditions. Further, predictive monitoring did not speed RTs but was influenced by display configuration. In particular, discrete displays impaired monitoring for number targets in the dual‐target condition. Implications exist for real‐world visual tasks involving multiple target categories and for visual display design.
Hot Tearing Susceptibility of Binary Mg–Gd Alloy Castings and Influence of Grain Refinement
Authors: Luo Shifeng , Yang Guangyu , Zou Zhen , Ouyang Shuxia , Xiao Lei , Jie Wanqi
Published: May 2018

The hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) of binary Mg–Gd alloys is tested from 1.0 to 8.0 wt% using a constrained rod casting (CRC) mold. It is found that the curve of the HTS versus Gd content follows a typical “Λ” curve: HTS increases firstly, reaches a maximum at 1.5% Gd, and then decreases, which is in good agreement with the results predicted by Clyne‐Davies model. Microstructure observations and thermodynamic calculations show that grain structure (size and morphology), the susceptible freezing range, the volume fraction of eutectic liquid, and the amount of intermetallics (Mg5Gd) are the main factors influencing the HTS of Mg–Gd experimental alloys. The highest HTS observed in Mg–1.5Gd alloy is attributed to its coarse columnar grains, the high freezing range, and the thin and continuous liquid film as well as the hard and brittle intermetallics precipitated along the grain boundaries. In contrast, the lowest HTS observed in Mg–8Gd alloy is mainly related to the fine equiaxed grains, which can effectively accommodate the strain during solidification, and the tear healing by eutectic liquid. Furthermore, the effect of grain refinement by Zr addition on the HTS is also studied, and the results show that grain refinement can significantly reduce the HTS.
NiFe‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets Directly Supported on Nickel Foam Acting as Robust Electrodes for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sun Fengzhan , Wang Guo , Ding Yongqi , Wang Chao , Yuan Binbin , Lin Yuqing
Published: May 2018

It is of great significance to develop highly efficient and superior stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts for upcoming electrochemical conversion technologies and clean energy systems. Here, an assembled 3D electrode is synthesized by a one‐step solvothermal process using such an original OER electrocatalyst. During the solvothermal process, Ni ions released from Ni foam in acidic solution and Fe ions added exogenously act as metal centers and coordinate with terephthalic acid (TPA) organic molecules by robust coordinate bonds, and finally, NiFe‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets in situ grown on Ni foam, i.e., MIL‐53(FeNi)/NF, are prepared. This binder‐free 3D electrode shows superior OER activity with high current density (50 mA cm−2) at an overpotential of 233 mV, a Tafel slope of 31.3 mV dec−1, and excellent stability in alkaline aqueous solution (1 m KOH). It is discovered that introduction of Fe into MIL‐53 structure increases electrochemically‐active areas as well as reaction sites, accelerated electron transport capability, and modulated electronic structure to enhance catalytic performance. Besides, first principles calculations show that MIL‐53(FeNi) is more favorable for foreign atoms' adsorption and has increased 3d orbital electron density boosting intrinsic activity. This work elucidates a promising electrode for electrocatalysts and enriches direct application of MOF materials.
Emerging Methods and Design Principles for Cell‐Penetrant Peptides
Authors: Peraro Leila , Kritzer Joshua A.
Published: May 2018

Biomolecules such as antibodies, proteins, and peptides are important tools for chemical biology and leads for drug development. They have been used to inhibit a variety of extracellular proteins, but accessing intracellular proteins has been much more challenging. In this review, we discuss diverse chemical approaches that have yielded cell‐penetrant peptides and identify three distinct strategies: masking backbone amides, guanidinium group patterning, and amphipathic patterning. We summarize a growing number of large data sets, which are starting to reveal more specific design guidelines for each strategy. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of current methods for quantifying cell penetration. Finally, we provide an overview of best‐odds approaches for applying these new methods and design principles to optimize cytosolic penetration for a given bioactive peptide.
Thermal Oxidation Kinetics of Refined Hazelnut Oil
Authors: Solak Rukiye , Turan Semra , Kurhan Sebnem , Erge Hande S. , Karabulut Ihsan
Published: May 2018

In this study, oxidation kinetics of refined hazelnut oil heated at the temperature range from 80 to 180 °C was evaluated. The changes in peroxide value, p‐anisidine value, polymer triglyceride content, α‐tocopherol content, and color values during oxidation were best fitted to zero‐order kinetic model. The rate constants for the p‐anisidine value, polymer triglyceride content, and degradation of α‐tocopherol of hazelnut oil increased at the temperatures between 80 and 160 °C, while the rate constant for peroxide value decreased at the temperatures between 80 and 140 °C. The activation energies for the formation of peroxides (at 80–140 °C), secondary oxidation products such as alkenals, the polymer triglycerides, and degradation of α‐tocopherol were found as 47.49, 29.95, 52.65, and 14.22 kJ mol−1, respectively. The induction period of hazelnut oil was observed to reduce with increasing oxidation times. The increase in the b* value with the oxidation time and temperature was attributed to the fact that the heating process intensified the yellow color of the oil.
Zum Tragverhalten CFK‐umschnürter Stahlbetonstützen mit Kreisquerschnitt
Authors: Käseberg Stefan , Holschemacher Klaus , Curbach Manfred
Published: May 2018

Neben CFK‐(carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoff)Lamellen, die als zusätzlich aufgeklebte oder eingeschlitzte Zugbewehrung bereits seit den 1990er Jahren erfolgreich zur Ertüchtigung bestehender Stahlbetonbauteile Einsatz finden, werden in der Baupraxis in zunehmendem Maß auch CFK‐Gelege verwendet. Mit derartigen Gelegen kann neben der Biege‐ und Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetonplatten und ‐balken auch die Tragfähigkeit von Stahlbetonstützen nachträglich erhöht werden. Die CFK‐Gelege werden dabei mittels Epoxidharzkleber vollflächig über die gesamte Höhe der zu ertüchtigenden Stahlbetonstütze entlang ihres Umfangs angeordnet. Der auf der Oberfläche entstehende CFK‐Werkstoff behindert durch die hohe Steifigkeit der Carbonfasern die Dehnung und Ausbreitung des Betons in Querrichtung, wodurch dieser in einen dreidimensionalen Spannungszustand versetzt wird. Dies resultiert in höheren Druckfestigkeiten des umschnürten Betons und führt zu einer Veränderung des Verformungsverhaltens. Der Beitrag gibt zunächst einen Überblick zum Stand der Technik hinsichtlich Planung und Bemessung von CFK‐Umschnürungen gemäß der DAfStb‐Richtlinie „Verstärken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung“ [1]. Daran anschließend werden Forschungsergebnisse aus der internationalen Literatur mit den Ergebnissen eines an der HTWK Leipzig durchgeführten Versuchsprogramms verglichen und ein Bemessungsvorschlag für CFK‐umschnürte Stützen mit Kreisquerschnitt vorgestellt.
Membrane Transport at an Organelle Interface in the Early Secretory Pathway: Take Your Coat Off and Stay a While
Authors: Hanna Michael G. , Peotter Jennifer L. , Frankel E. B. , Audhya Anjon
Published: May 2018

Most metazoan organisms have evolved a mildly acidified and calcium diminished sorting hub in the early secretory pathway commonly referred to as the Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). These membranous vesicular‐tubular clusters are found tightly juxtaposed to ER subdomains that are competent for the production of COPII‐coated transport carriers. In contrast to many unicellular systems, metazoan COPII carriers largely transit just a few hundred nanometers to the ERGIC, prior to COPI‐dependent transport on to the cis‐Golgi. The mechanisms underlying formation and maintenance of ERGIC membranes are poorly defined. However, recent evidence suggests an important role for Trk‐fused gene (TFG) in regulating the integrity of the ER/ERGIC interface. Moreover, in the absence of cytoskeletal elements to scaffold tracks on which COPII carriers might move, TFG appears to promote anterograde cargo transport by locally tethering COPII carriers adjacent to ERGIC membranes. This action, regulated in part by the intrinsically disordered domain of TFG, provides sufficient time for COPII coat disassembly prior to heterotypic membrane fusion and cargo delivery to the ERGIC.
Stereoconvergent 1,4‐Addition Reaction of 5H‐Oxazol‐4‐ones with E,Z Isomeric Mixture of Alkylidene β‐Ketoesters Catalyzed by Chiral Guanidines
Authors: Misaki Tomonori , Tatsumi Toshifumi , Okamoto Tatsumasa , Hayashi Yusuke , Jin Nari , Sugimura Takashi
Published: May 2018

A 1,4‐addition reaction of 5H‐oxazol‐4‐ones to alkylidene β‐ketoesters, which was catalyzed by using chiral guanidines via a dynamic kinetic resolution process that involved geometric isomerization of the alkylidene β‐ketoesters, was developed. This method allowed using E,Z isomeric mixture of various acyclic alkylidene β‐ketoesters to obtain the products stereoselectively. The relation between the geometry and the stereoselectivity of products was investigated, and the derivatization of the products to the corresponding α‐acyl‐γ‐lactone was performed.
Septin 9 isoform 1 (SEPT9_i1) specifically interacts with importin‐α7 to drive hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α nuclear translocation
Authors: Tazat Keren , Schindler Susanne , Depping Reinhard , Mabjeesh Nicola J.
Published: May 2018

We have shown previously that septin 9 isoform 1 (SEPT9_i1) protein associates with hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α to augment HIF‐1 transcriptional activity by driving its importin‐α‐mediated nuclear translocation. Using in vitro and in vivo binding assays we identified that HIF‐1α interacts with importin‐α5 and importin‐α7 in prostate cancer cells but only importin‐α7 interacts with SEPT9_i1. The interaction with importin‐α7 was dependent on the first 25 amino acids of SEPT9_i1 that are unique compared to other members of the mammalian septin family. Depletion of endogenous importin‐α7 reduced HIF‐1α levels in the nucleus. Our results provide evidence that there are importin‐α specificities in the cytosolic/nuclear translocation process of HIF‐1α protein, which may act differently under certain pathophysiological circumstances where SEPT9_i1 is overexpressed.
Quantitative survival impact of composite treatment delays in head and neck cancer
Authors: Ho Allen S. , Kim Sungjin , Tighiouart Mourad , Mita Alain , Scher Kevin S. , Epstein Joel B. , Laury Anna , Prasad Ravi , Ali Nabilah , Patio Chrysanta , Clair Jon Mallen‐St. , Zumsteg Zachary S.
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Multidisciplinary management of head and neck cancer (HNC) must reconcile increasingly sophisticated subspecialty care with timeliness of care. Prior studies examined the individual effects of delays in diagnosis‐to‐treatment interval, postoperative interval, and radiation interval but did not consider them collectively. The objective of the current study was to investigate the combined impact of these interwoven intervals on patients with HNC.

METHODS

Patients with HNC who underwent curative‐intent surgery with radiation were identified in the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2013. Multivariable models were constructed using restricted cubic splines to determine nonlinear relations with overall survival.

RESULTS

Overall, 15,064 patients were evaluated. After adjustment for covariates, only prolonged postoperative interval (P < .001) and radiation interval (P < .001) independently predicted for worse outcomes, whereas the association of diagnosis‐to‐treatment interval with survival disappeared. By using multivariable restricted cubic spline functions, increasing postoperative interval did not affect mortality until 40 days after surgery, and each day of delay beyond this increased the risk of mortality until 70 days after surgery (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐1.28;P = .029). For radiation interval, mortality escalated continuously with each additional day of delay, plateauing at 55 days (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.11‐1.41;P < .001). Delays beyond these change points were not associated with further survival decrements.

CONCLUSIONS

Increasing delays in postoperative and radiation intervals are associated independently with an escalating risk of mortality that plateaus beyond certain thresholds. Delays in initiating therapy, conversely, are eclipsed in importance when appraised in conjunction with the entire treatment course. Such findings may redirect focus to streamlining those intervals that are most sensitive to delays when considering survival burden.Cancer2018.©2018 American Cancer Society.
Coupling Glucose Dehydrogenation with CO2 Hydrogenation by Hydrogen Transfer in Aqueous Media at Room Temperature
Authors: Ding Guodong , Su Ji , Zhang Cheng , Tang Kan , Yang Lisha , Lin Hongfei
Published: May 2018

Conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals and fuels provides a direct solution to reduce excessive CO2 in the atmosphere. Herein, a novel catalytic reaction system is presented by coupling the dehydrogenation of glucose with the hydrogenation of a CO2‐derived salt, ammonium carbonate, in an ethanol–water mixture. For the first time, the hydrogenation of CO2 to formate by glucose has been achieved under ambient conditions. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the highest yield of formate reached approximately 46 %. We find that the apparent pH value in the ethanol–water mixture plays a central role in determining the performance of the hydrogen‐transfer reaction. Based on the 13C NMR and ESI–MS results, a possible pathway of the coupled glucose dehydrogenation and CO2 hydrogenation reactions was proposed.
Combined in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy–quartz crystal microbalance investigation of the initial growth stages of plasma‐deposited SiOx on polypropylene
Authors: Dietrich J. , Hoppe C. , de los Arcos T. , Grundmeier G.
Published: May 2018

The early growth stages of SiOx deposited onto polypropylene by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition were investigated by means of quartz crystal microbalance monitoring in combination with in vacuo characterization of the layers by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Additional ex situ characterization of the thin film morphology was done by atomic force microscopy. The combined analysis allowed us to identify three growth stages. Below the film thickness of 4 nm, the growth is dominated by substrate etching, and the volatile etched fragments are incorporated into the SiOx film. Between 4 and 10 nm thickness, deposition dominates over etching, but etching is still possible through open channels through a not fully cross‐linked SiOx matrix. For thickness above 10 nm, etching of the substrate is completely suppressed, and the SiOx film presents the characteristics of a fully cross‐linked structure.
Efficient detection in uniform linear and planar arrays MIMO systems under spatial correlated channels
Authors: Negrão João Lucas , Abrão Taufik
Published: May 2018

In this paper, the efficiency of various multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) detectors was analyzed from the perspective of highly correlated channels, where MIMO systems have a lack of performance, besides in some cases, an increasing complexity. Considering this hard but a useful scenario, various MIMO detection schemes were accurately evaluated concerning complexity and bit error rate performance. Specifically, successive interference cancellation, lattice reduction, and the combination of them were associated with conventional linear MIMO detection techniques. To demonstrate effectiveness, a wide range of the number of antennas and modulation formats have been considered aiming to verify the potential of such MIMO detection techniques according to their performance‐complexity trade‐off. We have also studied the correlation effect when both transmit and receiver sides are equipped with uniform linear array and uniform planar array antenna configurations. The performance of different detectors is carefully compared when both antenna array configurations are deployed considering a different number of antennas and modulation order, especially under near‐massive MIMO condition. We have also discussed the relationship between the array factor and the bit error rate performance of both antenna array structures.
When phylogeny and ecology meet: Modeling the occurrence of Trichoptera with environmental and phylogenetic data
Authors: Godoy Bruno Spacek , Camargos Lucas Marques , Lodi Sara
Published: May 2018

Ecological studies are increasingly considering phylogenetic relationships among species. The phylogeny is used as a proxy or filter to improve statistical tests and retain evolutionary elements, such as niche conservation. We used the phylogenetic topology to improve the model for occurrence of Trichoptera genera in Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) streams. We tested whether parameters generated by logistic models of occurrence, using phylogenetic signals, are better than models generated without phylogenetic information. We used a model with Bayesian updating to examine the influence of stream waterpHand phylogenetic relationship among genera on the occurrence of Trichoptera genera. Then, we compared this model with the logistic model for each Trichoptera genus. The probability of occurrence of most genera increased with waterpH, and the phylogeny‐based explicit logistic model improved the parameters estimated for observed genera. The inferred relationship between genera occurrence and streampHimproved, indicating that phylogeny adds relevant information when estimating ecological responses of organisms. Water with elevated acidity (lowpHvalues) may be restrictive for the occurrence of Trichoptera larvae, especially if the regional streams exhibit neutral to alkaline water, as is observed in the Cerrado region. Using phylogeny‐based modeling to predict species occurrence is a prominent opportunity to extend our current statistical framework based on environmental conditions, as it enables a more precise estimation of ecological parameters.
Can the narrow red bands of dragonflies be used to perceive wing interference patterns?
Authors: Brydegaard Mikkel , Jansson Samuel , Schulz Marcus , Runemark Anna
Published: May 2018

Despite numerous studies of selection on position and number of spectral vision bands, explanations to the function of narrow spectral bands are lacking. We investigate dragonflies (Odonata), which have the narrowest spectral bands reported, in order to investigate what features these narrow spectral bands may be used to perceive. We address whether it is likely that narrow red bands can be used to identify conspecifics by the optical signature from wing interference patterns (WIPs). We investigate the optical signatures of Odonata wings using hyperspectral imaging, laser profiling, ellipsometry, polarimetric modulation spectroscopy, and laser radar experiments. Based on results, we estimate the prospects for Odonata perception of WIPs to identify conspecifics in the spectral, spatial, intensity, polarization, angular, and temporal domains. We find six lines of evidence consistent with an ability to perceive WIPs. First, the wing membrane thickness of the studied Odonata is 2.3 μm, coinciding with the maximal thickness perceivable by the reported bandwidth. Second, flat wings imply that WIPs persist from whole wings, which can be seen at a distance. Third, WIPs constitute a major brightness in the visual environment only second after the solar disk. Fourth, WIPs exhibit high degree of polarization and polarization vision coincides with frontal narrow red bands in Odonata. Fifth, the angular light incidence on the Odonata composite eye provides all prerequisites for direct assessment of the refractive index which is associated with age. Sixth, WIPs from conspecifics in flight make a significant contribution even to the fundamental wingbeat frequency within the flicker fusion bandwidth of Odonata vision. We conclude that it is likely that WIPs can be perceived by the narrow red bands found in some Odonata species and propose future behavioral and electrophysiological tests of this hypothesis.
Macadamia Oil Extraction With Alcoholic Solvents: Yield and Composition of Macadamia Oil and Production of Protein Concentrates From Defatted Meal
Authors: Navarro Sandra L. B. , Rodrigues Christianne E. C.
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of ethanol and isopropanol in the extraction of macadamia oil and the production of protein concentrates from the defatted meal. Partially defatted macadamia cake is submitted to batch extractions in one stage of contact at 60, 75, and 90 °C, while the sequential extraction trials considering four stages are performed at 75 °C. Oil extraction yield is influenced by the solvent type, temperature, and pre‐treatment of the material. Absolute isopropanol at 90 °C enables to extract 66% of the oil while in the sequential configuration, oil yield up to 96% is attained after four stages. The retention of the solution adhered to the fiber (liquid holdup, LH) is affected by the type of solvent and characteristics of the raw material, being obtained LH values higher than 2. The oil extraction conditions affect negatively on the nitrogen solubility index of the defatted meal. The solvents in absolute degree impact less on the solubility of the proteins, enabling the production of macadamia protein concentrates (protein content of 70%) with functional properties suitable for using in the food industry.

Practical Applications: This study is useful to oilseed processors and researchers because it addresses the issue of using macadamia cake as raw material to oil extraction with alcoholic solvents, ethanol, and isopropanol, which are less flammable and toxic than hexane. In addition, it is evaluated the effect of process variables on the oil yield, liquid holdup, and characteristics of the extraction products (oil and defatted meal). The results of this work could help to develop macadamia oil extraction process safe for the workers of oil industry and consumers and, simultaneously, to enable the use of by‐products (defatted meal) in the protein concentrates production.

Macadamia oil extraction, from partially defatted macadamia cake, is carried out using ethanol and isopropanol (absolute and hydrated) as solvents. The products of macadamia oil extraction are characterized, thus the extracted oils show typical fatty acid composition and the defatted meal presented higher protein content than raw material. Therefore, from these defatted meals are produced macadamia protein concentrates, which show good functional properties to be used as food ingredients.
Determination of the Absolute Configuration of (S)‐N‐(1‐Aryl‐allyl)‐3,5‐dinitrobenzamides and Their Elution Order on Brush‐Type Chiral Stationary Phases
Authors: Knežević Anamarija , Novak Jurica , Pescitelli Gennaro , Vinković Vladimir
Published: May 2018

A series of ten enantiomerically pure (S)‐N‐(1‐aryl‐allyl)‐3,5‐dinitrobenzamides (S‐DNBs) was prepared using enzymatic resolution and chiral chromatography. Enzymatic resolution of corresponding 1‐aryl‐allylamines using Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) was efficient for amines with no steric hindrance near the stereogenic center and S‐DNB amides were prepared by acylation of the obtained S‐amine. When steric effects interrupted enzymatic resolution, racemic DNB amides were resolved using a brush‐type chiral column (CSP‐A) developed in our laboratory. Previously reported behavior of CaLB in kinetic resolution of amines was considered a starting point for the determination of absolute configuration (AC). The AC of prepared S‐DNB amides was anticipated using the elution order of prepared DNB amides on CSP‐A and commercial Whelk‐O1 columns and comparison with DNB amides obtained after acylation of (S)‐amines. The comparison between experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with those obtained by conformational analysis and ECD calculations of representative compounds allowed us to verify the AC of prepared DNB amides.
Facile Conversion of α‐Acyloxy Amides into 3‐Hydroxy‐lactams
Authors: Koszelewski Dominik , Trzepizur Damian , Zaorska Ewelina , Madej Arleta , Brodzka Anna , Paprocki Daniel , Borys Filip , Wilk Monika , Ostaszewski Ryszard
Published: May 2018

The new synthetic route to α‐acyloxy amides based on Passerini multicomponent reaction followed by transformation into the corresponding five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered 3‐hydroxy‐lactams has been proposed. The influence of the reaction conditions, which includes substrate structure on the reaction course that led to desired lactams, was studied. The use of various oxo components in the Passerini multicomponent reaction (P‐MCR) has been evaluated. The first example of a semicyclic O,O‐acetal employed as an aldehyde equivalent in the P‐MCR has been reported. Finally, the established protocol was successfully applied for the enantioselective synthesis of 3‐hydroxy‐lactams, which play a crucial role in the synthesis of the number of bioactive compounds.