bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal-Soal Pemecahan Masalah Matematika pada Siswa Kelas XI MIA SMA
Authors: Azis Azis , Iriana Artati , Sudin La
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal pemecahan masalah matematika materi program linear. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 2 Lasalimu Selatan Kecamatan Lasalimu Selatan Kabupaten Buton dengan populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Lasalimu Selatan yang berjumlah 40 siswa dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif yang perhatian utamanya adalah hasil tes matematika siswa pada materi program linear. Berdasarkan hasil jawaban siswa kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Lasalimu Selatan yang telah dianalisis oleh peneliti dapat dilihat bahwa kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh 20 responden pada 5 nomor soal yaitu kesalahan konsep sebanyak 8 dengan persentase sekitar 8%, kesalahan prinsip sebanyak 35 dengan persentase sekitar 35%, dan kesalahan operasi sebanyak 35 dengan persentase sekitar 35%. Responden melakukan kesalahan konsep karena kurang memahami makna soal dalam menerjemahkan ke dalam kalimat matematika. Responden melakukan kesalahan prinsip karena tidak memahami aturan-aturan atau rumus yang akan digunakan.  Responden melakukan kesalahan operasi karena keliru dalam pengerjaan aljabar atau pengerjaan hitung. Oleh sebab itu, perlu menjadi perhatian guru mata pelajaran agar ditingkatkan lagi pemahaman siswa  mengenai pemahaman konsep, prinsip, dan operasi, khususnya materi program linear dengan menjelaskan kembali masalah-masalah yang tidak dimengerti siswa tersebut.
Implementation of the Decision Tree Algorithm as an English Learning Media at SD Negeri 1 Senenan
Authors: R Hadapiningradja Kusumodestoni  , Gun Sudiryanto  , Gentur Wahyu Nyipto Wibowo  , Charles Firmansyah
Published: August 2022

This research is motivated by the declining interest of students in learning English because teaching the old or traditional way more or less hinders the ability of many students to understand certain languages. The purpose of this research is to design an English learning media in the form of educational games to attract students' interest in learning English further. This research uses the waterfall development method which is combined using the Decision Tree algorithm. In its application the Waterfall method has five stages, namely, Requirements Analysis, System Design, Program Code Writing, Testing, and Maintenance, while the application of the Decision Tree algorithm lies in the first game to choose what path or scan will each player get. The results of this study showed that 90.85% of people who took part in the survey through respondent questionnaires were interested in learning more English.
The influence of non-thrombotic iliac vein stenosis on clinical course and recurrence of primary varicose veins
Authors: Dzieciuchowicz Łukasz , Tomczak Jolanta , Kruszyna Lukasz
Published: August 2022

Aim: To investigate the influence of iliac vein stenosis on the clinical course and recurrence of primary varicose veins after surgery.

 Materials and methods: Thirty-three patients with primary varicose veins qualified for great saphenous vein stripping were analysed. The stenosis of the common (CIV) and external (EIV) iliac vein was measured by IVUS and defined in three categories as minimal lumen area <90 mm2 for CIV and <75 mm2 for EIV, minimal lumen diameter <10 mm for CIV and <7.5 mm for EIV and area reduction >50%. The patients were assessed clinically and by duplex ultrasound 48 to 72 months after the procedure. Any recurrence, recurrence in the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), change in Venous Clinical Severity Score (Δ VCSS), were analyzed in relation to the stenosis in CIV and EIV.

 Results: The follow-up was completed in 27 patients. Any recurrence and recurrence in SFJ were observed in 70% and 18.5% of patients, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in any recurrence, recurrence in SFJ and Δ VCSS in relation to CIV and EIV stenosis in any category.

 Conclusions: Iliac vein stenosis does not influence the clinical course or recurrence of primary varicose veins after surgery.
The effect of adding robot-assisted hand rehabilitation to conventional rehabilitation program following stroke: A randomized-controlled study
Authors: Bayındır Ozun , Akyüz Gülseren , Sekban Nimet
Published: August 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of adding robot-assisted hand therapy (HandTutor) to conventional rehabilitation program compared to a conventional rehabilitation program alone in stroke survivors.

Patients and methods: Between March 2012 and December 2012, a total of 33 stroke patients (21 males, 12 females; median age: 56 years; range, 38 to 73 years) were included in this prospective, randomized-controlled study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups as experimental (n=16) and control (n=17). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation for 3 h/day, for two days/week, totally for five weeks, while the experimental group received additional 1-hour robot-assisted hand therapy during each session. Outcome measures were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Box and Block Test, Nine-Hole Peg Test, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, grip strength, and pinch strength. All patients were assessed at baseline, at the end of the treatment, and three months after the treatment.

Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in all the parameters (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups at any time points (p>0.05). The changes between baseline and three-month follow-up after the treatment revealed that adding robot-aided hand therapy led to greater changes in all the parameters related to functional activities and muscle strength, except for the Fugl-Meyer Assessment.

Conclusion: Adding robot-assisted therapy to conventional rehabilitation may provide greater changes in upper extremity rehabilitation of subacute stroke patients compared to conventional rehabilitation program alone.
Evaluation of the toxicological effects of atrazine-metolachlor in male rats: in vivo and in silico studies
Authors: Olayinka Ebenezer Tunde , Ore Ayokanmi , Adewole Kayode Ezekiel , Oyerinde Oyepeju
Published: August 2022

The types and mechanisms of atrazine-metolachlor toxicity, an herbicide composed of atrazine (ATR) and metolachlor (MET), need to be further investigated. This study evaluated the toxic actions of ATR-MET by in vivo and in silico methods. Here, varying doses of ATR-MET were orally administered to rats once daily for twenty-one days using normal saline as control. Molecular docking was used to characterize the binding of ATR and MET with androgen receptor (AR) to predict their potential endocrine-disrupting effects, using testosterone as benchmark. ATR-MET-induced-testicular toxicity (reduced sperm motility, count, and daily sperm production and increased live/dead ratio) was accompanied with testicular oxidative stress (diminished level of reduced glutathione, activities of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and increased level of malondialdehyde). Furthermore, ATR-MET induced cardiovascular toxicity (increased levels of plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) with concomitant induction of renal toxicity (increased plasma creatinine and urea levels), and hepatotoxicity (increased plasma bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). Binding energy and amino acid interactions from in silico study revealed that MET possessed endocrine-disrupting capacity. In conclusion, exposure to atrazine-metolachlor could promote cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, as well as reproductive impairment in experimental male albino rats.
Recent Methods and Technologies for an Early Detection of Red Palm Weevil Infestation: A Review
Authors:   University Malaysia Kelantan, Abd Kharim Muhammad Nurfaiz , Krishnan Kumara Thevan ,   University Malaysia Kelantan
Published: August 2022

The red palm weevil (RPW) (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is one of the world’s most destructive pest of oil palm plantation as it can damage the entire palm and incur a total loss to the planters. Early detection of the RPW is difficult, and when the symptoms of infestation are discovered, usually the plant is not salvageable. The adult RPW lays the eggs inside the tree trunk and starts feeding on the tissue of the plant and remains inside until the tree dies. Intensive efforts have been explored to enhance the early detection process of RPW in the field. There are numerous detection methods for discovering the infected trees, such as manual visual inspection, acoustic detection, chemical odour/signal detection, canine detection, thermal sensing, remote sensing, Geographic Information System mapping (GIS), Internet of Things (IoT), cloud platform and data mining-based technology. In this article, the current methods and technologies used for the early detection of RPW are explored and discussed.
International Human Rights Requirements in the Workplace and its Reception in Malaysia
Authors:   M.A.P.A, Segaran Chandra
Published: August 2022

This article highlights the core international instruments on human rights promulgated by the United Nations and International Labour Organisation. It also briefly explains the doctrine of obligations erga omnes and postulates the essential human rights requirements recommended for observance amongst the international community. An analysis is also provided on all the essential elements of these international human rights concerns and the extend of its reception in Malaysia with an overview of its observance in the plantation industry.
Comparison of Postoperative Prognosis Among HBV-Related, HCV-Related, and Non-HBV Non-HCV Hepatocellular Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Yue , Jia Yuanyuan , Qi Sufen , Wu Chensi , Wu Jianhua , Zhang Ruixing , Li Jing , Guo Zhanjun
Published: August 2022

Context: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, and different hepatitis viruses might affect the prognosis of patients with HCC. Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the differences in the postoperative prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related HCC (HBV-HCC), hepatitis C virus-related HCC (HCV-HCC), and non-HBV non-HCV hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC). Methods: The databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for articles published until April 2022. Stata software version 12 and Review Manager version 5.4 were used to conduct the meta-analysis, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was adopted in this study. Results: In the present study, 26 papers on a total of 20381 participants who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The 5-year overall survival in the HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC groups was lower than in the NBNC-HCC group (HBV-HCC vs. NBNC-HCC, P = 0.005; HCV-HCC vs. NBNC-HCC, P = 0.001). Patients with HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC had worse 5-year recurrence-free survival than patients with NBNC-HCC (HBV-HCC vs. NBNC-HCC, P = 0; HCV-HCC vs. NBNC-HCC, P = 0). In addition, the 5-year recurrence-free rate in the HCV-HCC group was lower than in the HBV-HCC group (P = 0). The observed association between serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and the postoperative prognosis was inconsistent in different subgroups. Conclusions: Patients with NBNC-HCC had a signiﬁcantly better postoperative prognosis than those with virus-related HCC. The alpha-fetoprotein levels significantly correlated with the postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC.
Relative Age Effect in Elite Swimmers in U14 Czech Championship
Authors: Bozděch Michal , Agricola Adrián , Křehký Adam , Schlegel Petr , Zháněl Jiří
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE The issue of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) has been studied in the theory of sports for more than 30 years. Most studies concentrate on team sports, while the area of some individual sports like swimming can be considered still underexplored. METHODS The aim of our study was to verify the RAE in young elite swimmers (n = 198) who participated in Czech Republic U14 Championship (1) in male and female samples (2) according to swimming disciplines and distances (3) and performance (times in individual disciplines) between individual quartiles / semesters of birth. The analysis was performed with the use of adequate statistical (chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test) and effect size (effect size w index, eta-square test, effect size r index) tests.RESULTS The results showed a different intensity of RAE sex-differences (male: w = 0.033; female: w = 0.006). In the division by the swimming disciplines and swimming distances, statistically significant values with large effect size were found in males in 50 m freestyle, 200 m individual medley, 100 m butterfly and 200 m butterfly. However, this did not apply for girls. Analysis of differences in performance showed a significant difference between the dependent variables (sex, distance, discipline) by different independent variables of quartile / semester of birth with large effect size only in cases of male 100 m breaststroke and female 200 m individual medley.CONCLUSIONS The issue of RAE should be circulated among the coaches working with youth, athletes, sports organizations, but also parents of athletes in order to avoid the termination of actively spent time or drop-outs.
Taxonomic implications of describing a new species of Loimia (Annelida, Terebellidae) with two size-dependent morphotypes
Authors: Martin Daniel , Capa Maria , Martínez Alejandro , Costa Ana Cristina
Published: August 2022

We describe Loimia davidi sp. nov. (Annelida, Terebellidae) from São Miguel Island (Azores). It resembles Loimia gigantea (Montagu, 1819) (English Channel) in having very large adults, the ventral shield shape and the types of capillary notochaetae (three), while differing in shape and colour of the lateral lappets, branchiae length, the arrangement of segments, ventral shields, uncini and pygidial papillae. Large (> 30 cm long) and small (≈ 5 cm long) specimens of L. davidi sp. nov. show typically interspecific morphological differences while clustering in a single entity after species delimitation analyses of a cytochrome c oxidase I fragment. Therefore, we consider them to belong to a single species and discuss the taxonomic implications of size-dependent morphological differences. Within Loimia, we (1) suggest that large specimens may have been scarcely reported due to their rarity and collecting difficulty, while small specimens may have been reported either as ‘sp.’ or as the ‘cosmopolitan’ Loimia medusa (Savigny, 1822), (2) evaluate the size-related morphological disparity in all described species using a hypervolume analysis, (3) identify possible similar size-dependency in previously described species, (4) summarise the morphological information of all known species of Loimia; and (5) discuss on the four species reported in Europe.
A educação filosófica-tradicional de Jigoro Kano: concepções e reflexos do judô na educação contemporânea
Authors: Borges Sobrinho Cléber José , Araújo Celso Galdino de
Published: August 2022

Jigoro Kano, japonês nascido em Mikage em 28 de outubro de 1860, destacou-se na Era Meiji como um educador inclusivista que manteve características culturais de suas raízes samuraicas e se aprofundou em saberes disciplinares da educação ocidental. Kano era possuidor de um elevado senso crítico socioeducacional, o qual se desenvolveu desde sua infância, por haver frequentado escolas de qualidade em virtude de sua linhagem kamon. Por haver sofrido bulling em sua vida acadêmica, Kano aprendeu jujutsu e modificou os impactos físicos por movimentos de quedas e domínio de solo, ao que desenvolveu um novo sistema de treinamento físico e mental, o qual denominou de Judô. Este estudo objetiva correlacionar a educação filosófica-tradicional de Jigoro Kano com a influência do Judô na educação contemporânea, por meio de uma metodologia de caráter qualitativo, por tipologia explicativa segundo seus objetivos, com pesquisa bibliográfica e produções teórico-científicas disciplinares como fontes de informação, e estes procedimentos metodológicos estão associados pela Teoria Fundamentada. A discussão teórica referencia cada objetivo específico em um subcapítulo, pela descrição da historicidade educacional de Jigoro Kano, caracterização da nova educação filosófica-tradicional japonesa na Era Meiji, e, análise da influência do Judô na educação contemporânea ocidental. Ao final deste estudo se conclui que o resultado foi de caráter total, uma vez que o objetivo delimitado foi alcançado em sua plenitude.
PROBABILITAS RISIKO TERKENA PENYAKIT JANTUNG DAN TB BERDASARKAN FAKTOR SOSIO-EKONOMI DAN DEMOGRAFI
Authors: Tarani Ni Putu Mia , Kautsar Achmad
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh status sosio-ekonomi dan demografi terhadap probabilitas status kesehatan yang direpresentasikan oleh penyakit jantung dan tuberculosis (TB). Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari Survei Aspek Kehidupan Rumah Tangga Indonesia (SAKERTI), sebuah survei longitudinal yang masih berlangsung di indonesia. Terdapat beberapa variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini seperti jumlah konsumsi rokok, status gizi dan juga tekanan darah, dengan efek marginal sebagai ukuran hubungan. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua variabel dependen yaitu penyakit jantung dan TB dengan variabel independen yang sama, hal ini dilakukan untuk mengukur dan membandingkan seberapa besar pengaruh variabel independen terhadap kedua model variabel dependen. Jumlah observasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 8.895 individu. Studi ini menemukan bahwa faktor sosial ekonomi seperti jenjang pendidikan memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap risiko individu terkena penyakit jantung dan TB. Individu yang dikategorikan miskin tidak signifikan memengaruhi probabilitas seseorang risiko terkena penyakit jantung sebesar 0,13 persen dan TB sebesar 0,33 persen. Berbagai faktor lain seperti status gizi dan tekanan darah juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap risiko terkena penyakit jantung dan TB.
High-performance linear frequency-modulated signal generation based on optically injected semiconductor laser with dual-loop optoelectronic feedback
Authors: Zhou Pei , Zhang Ren-Heng , Zhu Jian , Li Nian-Qiang ,   School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,   Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
Published: August 2022

Linear frequency-modulated (LFM) waveforms have numerous applications in high-resolution radar detection, high-speed wireless communication, and high precision measurement. The generation of LFM microwave signals based on conventional electronic technologies is limited in their center frequency and bandwidth, which are usually less than a few gigahertz. Fortunately, the inherently large bandwidth offered by photonic technology is very hopeful of breaking through the electronic bottleneck. A variety of photonics-based approaches to generating the LFM waveforms have been reported, including the frequency-to-time mapping method and the external modulation method. However, these solutions suffer poor tunability or expensive RF sources. In recent years, the LFM waveform generation based on optically injected semiconductor lasers (OISLs) has attracted increasing attention. By introducing a low-speed electrical signal to control the period-one (P1) dynamics of an OISL, the LFM waveforms with a large bandwidth are generated. Nonetheless, the generated microwave signal has poor spectral purity, which restricts its many practical applications.

In this work, a high-performance microwave LFM waveform generation scheme based on an OISL with dual-loop optoelectronic feedback is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. In this scheme, the optical injection strength of an OISL is controlled first by a triangular-like voltage signal to generate LFM waveforms with a large bandwidth. Then, the quality of the generated LFM signal is comprehensively improved by introducing a delay-matched dual-loop optoelectronic feedback structure. Based on the Fourier domain mode locking principle (FDML) and the self-injection locking technique, both a short-delay optoelectronic feedback loop and a long-delay optoelectronic feedback loop are introduced to simultaneously improve the spectral purity and phase stability of the generated LFM signals. In the proof-of-concept experiment, by analyzing the spectral quality and phase deviation of the generated LFM signal, a comb contrast of 40 dB, a comb linewidth of 1 kHz, and a phase deviation ∆φ of less than π/3 are simultaneously obtained. In addition, the parameters such as bandwidth and center frequency of the generated LFM signal generated can be flexibly tuned, and an LFM signal with a large bandwidth up to 8 GHz (18–26 GHz) is generated in the experiment. The proposed scheme features a simple and compact structure, high spectral quality and flexible tuning, thus may find applications in broadband radar and high-speed communication systems.
Low-frequency sound insulation performance of novel membrane acoustic metamaterial with dynamic negative stiffness
Authors: Xu Qiang-rong  , Zhu Yang  , Lin Kang  , Shen Cheng  , Lu Tian-jian  ,   1) (State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China),   2) (MIIT Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China)
Published: August 2022

For improving the low-frequency sound insulation properties of membrane/plate structures, a new quasi-zero stiffness membrane acoustic metamaterial with dynamic magnetic negative stiffness is proposed. Upon applying the equivalent magnetic charge theory to derive the dynamic magnetic negative stiffness, a theoretical model of proposed metamaterial with finite dimensions is established based on the Galerkin method. Through a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental measurement, the low-frequency (1—1000 Hz) sound insulation performance of the metamaterial is investigated from several perspectives, including structural modality, vibration mode, average velocity, phase curve, equivalent mass density, and equivalent spring-mass dynamics model. Results show that, at a certain initial membrane tension, decreasing the magnetic gap or increasing the residual flux density can increase the dynamic magnetic negative stiffness. This in turn leads to decreased peak frequency and enlarged bandwidth of sound insulation, thus achieving effective low-frequency sound insulation over a wide frequency band. Further, when the magnetic gap is larger than the second critical magnetic gap and smaller than the first critical magnetic gap, the first-order modal resonance of the metamaterial disappears, and the corresponding value of sound insulation valley increases significantly, thus demonstrating superior sound insulation effect with wide frequency band. The proposed method of using dynamic magnetic negative stiffness to improve low-frequency sound insulation valleys due to modal resonance provides useful theoretical guidance for designing membrane/plate type low-frequency sound insulation metamaterials.
Structure-activity relationships of mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide pharmacological compounds
Authors: Mitchell Wayne , Tamucci Jeffrey D , Ng Emery L , Liu Shaoyi , Birk Alexander V , Szeto Hazel H , May Eric R , Alexandrescu Andrei T , Alder Nathan N
Published: August 2022

Mitochondria play a central role in metabolic homeostasis, and dysfunction of this organelle underpins the etiology of many heritable and aging-related diseases. Tetrapeptides with alternating cationic and aromatic residues such as SS-31 (elamipretide) show promise as therapeutic compounds for mitochondrial disorders. In this study, we conducted a quantitative structure-activity analysis of three alternative tetrapeptide analogs, benchmarked against SS-31, that differ with respect to aromatic side chain composition and sequence register. We present the first structural models for this class of compounds, obtained with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and molecular dynamics approaches, showing that all analogs except for SS-31 form compact reverse turn conformations in the membrane-bound state. All peptide analogs bound cardiolipin-containing membranes, yet they had significant differences in equilibrium binding behavior and membrane interactions. Notably, analogs had markedly different effects on membrane surface charge, supporting a mechanism in which modulation of membrane electrostatics is a key feature of their mechanism of action. The peptides had no strict requirement for side chain composition or sequence register to permeate cells and target mitochondria in mammalian cell culture assays. All four peptides were pharmacologically active in serum withdrawal cell stress models yet showed significant differences in their abilities to restore mitochondrial membrane potential, preserve ATP content, and promote cell survival. Within our peptide set, the analog containing tryptophan side chains, SPN10, had the strongest impact on most membrane properties and showed greatest efficacy in cell culture studies. Taken together, these results show that side chain composition and register influence the activity of these mitochondria-targeted peptides, helping provide a framework for the rational design of next-generation therapeutics with enhanced potency.
VIOLENCIA LABORAL Y SU EFECTO EN ENFERMERAS A NIVEL HOSPITALARIO: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Authors:   Departamento de clínica, Carrera de Enfermería, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo (Chile), Ferrada-Muñoz Mónica , Bermúdez-Véliz Valentina ,   Departamento de clínica, Carrera de Enfermería, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo (Chile), Orquera-Araya Francisca ,   Departamento de clínica, Carrera de Enfermería, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo (Chile), Véliz-Rojas Lizet ,   Departamento de clínica, Carrera de Enfermería, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo (Chile)
Published: August 2022

OBJETIVO: Identificar efectos de la violencia laboral en enfermeras a nivel intrahospitalario y las estrategias de afrontamiento y prevención de violencia laboral entre enfermeras. MÉTODO: Revisión bibliográfica sistemática cualitativa. Se analizaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos PUBMED, Science Direct, Scielo y LILACS. La estrategia de búsqueda se realizó mediante descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) y el Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) con el operador booleano AND. Se utilizó el diagrama de flujo (PRISMA). La evaluación de la calidad metodológica se realizó mediante las fichas de lectura crítica disponibles en la Plataforma FLC 3.0 RESULTADOS: la violencia y el acoso laboral tienen efectos negativos sobre la salud física y mental, las relaciones interpersonales y en el desempeño laboral de los enfermeros. Entre las estrategias de afrontamiento de la persona que sufre violencia laboral se encuentran el análisis del problema, hablar con alguien de confianza, enfrentar al acosador e involucrar al sistema. Las medidas de prevención a nivel organizacional destacan las capacitaciones, la mejora de normas, establecimiento de sanciones al acosador y la vigilancia de estas situaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: La violencia laboral no solo repercute a la persona afectada, sino también a todo el sistema organizativo en salud. Se enfatiza la importancia de desarrollar medidas y estrategias preventivas de la violencia y acoso laboral.
Students' Motivation and Perception in Learning Social Science Using Distance Learning Modality during COVID-19- Pandemic
Authors: T. Beboso Charlene Grace , M. Bual Joel
Published: August 2022

Aims: This paper assessed the motivation and perception of Grade 12 public school students in learning social science during the pandemic. It also investigated the difference in their motivation and perception.

Study Design:  Descriptive-comparative design.

Place and Duration of Study: School Division of a Component City in Northern Negros Occidental, between January 2021 to July 2022.

Methodology: The study utilized the descriptive-comparative design. The study was assessed by 436 stratified randomly sampled students. The assessments were gathered using the modified motivation and perception questionnaires. In analyzing the data, mean, standard deviation, Mann Whitney, and Kruskal Wallis were employed.

Results: Generally, the motivation (M=3.83, SD= 0.67) shows an agreeable result. The extrinsic goal orientation (M=4.15, SD= 0.88) is rated highest with an agreeable result, and social engagement (M=3.46, SD= 0.92) is the lowest with a neutral result. Meanwhile, they have agreeable perceptions (M=3.69, SD= 0.65) with perceived value (M=3.79, SD= 0.79) as highest and perceived teachers' attitude (M=3.46, SD= 0.89) as lowest. Moreover, there was no difference in their motivation when group according to sex [U=21954.5, p=0.721] and track [U=22104.0, p=0.875]. While a significant difference in academic performance [χ2(4)=53.069, p=0.000]. In terms of perception, it found no difference when grouped according to sex [U=22309.0, p=0.771] and track [U=22163.0, p=0.912]. While a significant difference in academic performance [χ2(4)=32.042, p=0.000].

Conclusion: The study implies the need to address students' motivation and perception issues to ensure their quality learning of social science.
Walking Mathematics Students through the Maze of Chi-square Test of Independence and Homogeneity, Test Involving Several Proportions, and Goodness-of-fit Test
Authors: Assuah Charles Kojo , Mensah‒Wonkyi Thomas , Adusei Matilda Sarpong , Ghunney Stephen
Published: August 2022

This study illustrates some practical steps lecturers could use to enable students to apply the chi-square concept. The study relied on a definition and theorem based on the chi-square theoretical model. The participants consisted of seventy (70) (fifty-five (55) males and fifteen (15) females) level 100 mathematics students from a university in Ghana. They were all admitted from the public senior high schools across the country. The students completed the tasks assigned to them in their various groups through active learning, as their lecturer facilitated the process. The lecturer guided the students to complete tasks related to the applications of the chi-square test in solving problems. The results indicated that active learning exposed the students to varied ways to apply the chi-square test. An implication of this study is that lecturers should teach their students about theorems and their related proofs and applications. These theorems are significant in mathematics learning because they are absolute truths. They enable students to develop a deeper understanding of the underlying concepts. The study concludes that by working with concrete examples, students gradually internalized their concept-acquisition skills to the extent that they confidently identified what concept to apply to every question.
Effect of Organic Management on Growth, Yield and Economics of Green Gram, Pigeon Pea and Sunflower under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Kumar M. Manu , Gopinath K. A. , Rekha K. Bhanu , Veni V. Girija , Kumari V. Visha
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2021 at Gungal (around 43 km from Hyderabad) Research Farm of ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India. The soil was Sandy clay loam in texture, slightly acidic in reaction, low in organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and medium in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three treatment combinations viz., Organic (recommended 100% N equivalent FYM), Integrated (recommended 25% N equivalent FYM + 75% N and 100% P and K through chemical fertilizers) and Control (recommended 100 % NPK through chemical fertilizer) replicated nine times. Based on the results, it was found that the growth, yield attributes, yield, and economics with respect to all the three crops viz., green gram, pigeon pea and sunflower were significantly higher with organic treatment which was followed by integrated treatment and control.
An Overview of Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring of Drugs and Vaccines during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tembe-Fokunang Estella Achick , Nyuki Banin Andrew , Fokam Joseph , Fonmboh Dobgima John , Kaba Kristen Nubia , Fokunang Lovet Benyella , Mbopi-Keou François-Xavier , Therese Abena, Ondoua Obama Marie , Duerr Ralf , Fokunang Charles Ntungwen
Published: August 2022

Once a drug is approved in phase III of clinical trials, pharmacovigilance (PV) becomes very important for the surveillance of drug, vaccine or medical devices. PV constitutes part of the phase IV approval, which involves a study for collecting, detecting, and monitoring adverse events in any population that the drug is used. The adverse events that are reported must be assessed to ascertain the causal effects and prevent or avoid unanticipated side effects on the population. With the advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccination has been the motor for the management of the pandemic, and through intensive health sensitization, more people are vaccinated in a short period leading to greater challenges to the PV taskforce and the PV operating centrers. Global partnerships including the international society of pharmacovigilance (ISOP), the French national agency for medicines and health products safety (ANSM), and a multitude of others are working in synergy towards putting in place a continuous collaboration work package with many sensitization, education, capacity building, and research initiatives. This is within the framework of identifying the safety and efficacy of vaccines in order to provide solutions to emerging challenging ethical questions.

Through PV, signal detection is in progress for the identification of adverse events. The unanticipated emergence and negative impact of COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly compelled global pharmacists and drug actors to collectively play an important role in the management of COVID-19. This has to be done within the framework of therapeutic strategies and guaranteed safety, efficacy and quality of new and old xenobiotics. In the current treatment COVID-19 has created health-related challenges and a shift in paradigm in drug discovery and development of new chemical entities (NCE), for vaccine or drug repurposing for different levels of treatment interventions. The accelerated interest in dynamic research and innovation have led to different approaches of treatment and this has come with potential side effects, which has led to the call for post marketing surveillance and monitory. PV is therefore a key component for phase IV study for the drugs and vaccines approved for global use. This paper gives an insight into the global PV monitoring and surveillance of new chemical entities (drugs and vaccines) and new technologies targeting the management of COVID-19.
Plaque Control Efficacy: Interdental Brushes versus Dental Floss
Authors: Sultan Madiha , Qureshi Saima , Jamelle Asher , Rashid Saqib , Ali Mehwish Feroz , Khero Umair
Published: August 2022

Aims: In this study, we compared plaque control efficacy between interdental brushes & dental floss for the prevention of periodontal disease (gingivitis). We also investigated the convenient method for plaque control among these two interdental cleaning methods in routine.

Study Design:  Randomized clinical trial

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontology at Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from Jan 2019 to July 2020.

Methodology: The sample size of 180 was calculated using OpenEpi software each group (Interdental brush & Dental floss) carried 90 patients respectively at 95% confidence interval and 80% power of the test. Probability sampling technique was used. The Clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (Identifier: NCT05439785). Ethical approval was taken from the Ethical Review Committee of Ziauddin University (1130519MSOM). SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the study data. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: The statistical results showed significant improvement in the plaque score and bleeding index among patients pre and post intervention (p <0.001). Moreover, this study stated that interdental brush was slightly better in reducing interproximal plaque accumulation in patients of gingivitis (p <0.001). The symptom of bleeding from the gingival tissue was also improved by using both interdental cleaning methods.  The posterior region appeared to be a difficult site to use both the intervention (interdental brushes or dental floss). Both interdental cleaning methods assisted in the improvement of other symptoms like sensitivity, halitosis, and food impaction in the patients.

Conclusion: The findings of our research revealed that both interdental cleaning methods had a statistically significant effect in removing interdental plaque, with little variation in plaque removal seen between interdental brush and dental floss when compared to baseline. This study endorses better outcome of interdental brush in reducing dental plaque accumulation than dental floss in the gingivitis patients.
The Evaluation of Preservice Turkish Teachers’ Rewriting Skills in the Context of Text Transformation
Authors: ATASOY Arzu , TEMZKAN Mehmet
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate rewriting skills of preservice Turkish teachers in the context of text transformation. The participants of the study consists of 223 preservice teachers attending the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th academic years of the Turkish Language Education Branch of the Department of Turkish and Social Sciences Education in a State University. The students were asked to rewrite two different types of texts, entitled "Text 1" (poor one) and "Text 2" (good one). The data derived from the student texts were analyzed data analysis techniques. In this context, 2 different forms developed by the researchers were used to determine which rewriting techniques were used and to what extent and at which level. 2 different rubric were also utilized by the researcher in order to describe the quality of rewriting techniques, and which revisions were made at word, sentence, paragraph and text levels. According to some results obtained from the research, preservice Turkish teacher made more changes on Text 1. The students generally got 1, 2 and 3 points in all Accuracy, Clarity, Consistency, and Organization dimensions while rewriting the Text 1, when they rewrote Text 2, they usually scored (4) and (5). This has been interpreted as the students' rewritten texts are largely dependent on the original texts.
Development of Resistance-Associated Mutations After Sotrovimab Administration in High-risk Individuals Infected With the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant
Authors: Birnie Emma , Biemond Jason J. , Appelman Brent , de Bree Godelieve J. , Jonges Marcel , Welkers Matthijs R. A. , Wiersinga W. Joost
Published: August 2022

This study investigates whether resistance-associated mutations develop after treatment with sotrovimab in high-risk patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
Real-world Associations of US Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening Programs With Nutritional and Pulmonary Outcomes
Authors: Rosenfeld Margaret , Ostrenga Josh , Cromwell Elizabeth A. , Magaret Amalia , Szczesniak Rhonda , Fink Aliza , Schechter Michael S. , Faro Albert , Ren Clement L. , Morgan Wayne , Sanders Don B.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been universal in the US since 2010, but its association with clinical outcomes is unclear.

Objective

To describe the real-world effectiveness of NBS programs for CF in the US on outcomes up to age 10 years.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective cohort study using CF Foundation Patient Registry data from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018. The staggered implementation of NBS programs by state was used to compare longitudinal outcomes among children in the same birth cohort born before vs after the implementation of NBS for CF in their state of birth. Participants included children with an established diagnosis of CF born between January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018, in any of the 44 states that implemented NBS for CF between 2003 and 2010. Data were analyzed from October 5, 2020, to April 22, 2022.

Exposures

Birth before vs after the implementation of NBS for CF in the state of birth.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Longitudinal trajectory of height and weight percentiles from diagnosis, lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, [FEV1] percent predicted) from age 6 years, and age at initial and chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa using linear mixed-effects and time-to-event models adjusting for birth cohort and potential confounders.

Results

A total of 9571 participants (4713 female participants [49.2%]) were eligible for inclusion, with 4510 (47.1%) in the pre-NBS cohort. NBS was associated with higher weight and height percentiles in the first year of life (weight, 6.0; 95% CI, 3.1-8.4; height, 6.6; 95% CI, 3.8-9.3), but these differences decreased with age. There was no association between NBS and FEV1 at age 6 years, but the percent-predicted FEV1 did increase more rapidly with age in the post-NBS cohort. NBS was associated with older age at chronic P aeruginosa infection (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.89) but not initial P aeruginosa infection (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-1.01).

Conclusions and Relevance

NBS for CF in the US was associated with improved nutritional status up to age 10 years, a more rapid increase in lung function, and delayed chronic P aeruginosa infection. In the future, as highly effective modulator therapies become available for infants with CF, NBS will allow for presymptomatic initiation of these disease-modifying therapies before irreversible organ damage.
Understanding Immune‐Driven Brain Aging by Human Brain Organoid Microphysiological Analysis Platform
Authors: Ao Zheng , Song Sunghwa , Tian Chunhui , Cai Hongwei , Li Xiang , Miao Yifei , Wu Zhuhao , Krzesniak Jonathan , Ning Bo , Gu Mingxia , Lee Luke P. , Guo Feng
Published: August 2022

The aging of the immune system drives systemic aging and the pathogenesis of age‐related diseases. However, a significant knowledge gap remains in understanding immune‐driven aging, especially in brain aging, due to the limited current in vitro models of neuroimmune interaction. Here, the authors report the development of a human brain organoid microphysiological analysis platform (MAP) to discover the dynamic process of immune‐driven brain aging. The organoid MAP is created by 3D printing that confines organoid growth and facilitates cell and nutrition perfusion, promoting organoid maturation and their committment to forebrain identity. Dynamic rocking flow is incorporated into the platform that allows to perfuse primary monocytes from young (20 to 30‐year‐old) and aged (>60‐year‐old) donors and culture human cortical organoids to model neuroimmune interaction. The authors find that the aged monocytes increase infiltration and promote the expression of aging‐related markers (e.g., higher expression of p16) within the human cortical organoids, indicating that aged monocytes may drive brain aging. The authors believe that the organoid MAP may provide promising solutions for basic research and translational applications in aging, neural immunological diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.
Applying machine learning for large scale field calibration of low‐cost PM2.5and PM10air pollution sensors
Authors: Adong Priscilla , Bainomugisha Engineer , Okure Deo , Sserunjogi Richard
Published: August 2022

Low‐cost air quality monitoring networks can potentially increase the availability of high‐resolution monitoring to inform analytic and evidence‐informed approaches to better manage air quality. This is particularly relevant in low and middle‐income settings where access to traditional reference‐grade monitoring networks remains a challenge. However, low‐cost air quality sensors are impacted by ambient conditions which could lead to over‐ or underestimation of pollution concentrations and thus require field calibration to improve their accuracy and reliability. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of using machine learning methods for large‐scale calibration of AirQo sensors, low‐cost PM sensors custom‐designed for and deployed in Sub‐Saharan urban settings. The performance of various machine learning methods is assessed by comparing model corrected PM usingk‐nearest neighbours, support vector regression, multivariate linear regression, ridge regression, lasso regression, elastic net regression, XGBoost, multilayer perceptron, random forest and gradient boosting with collocated reference PM concentrations from a Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM). To this end, random forest and lasso regression models were superior for PM2.5and PM10calibration, respectively. Employing the random forest model decreased RMSE of raw data from 18.6 μg/m3to 7.2 μg/m3with an average BAM PM2.5concentration of 37.8 μg/m3while the lasso regression model decreased RMSE from 13.4 μg/m3to 7.9 μg/m3with an average BAM PM10concentration of 51.1 μg/m3. We validate our models through cross‐unit and cross‐site validation, allowing analysis of AirQo devices' consistency. The resulting calibration models were deployed to the entire large‐scale air quality monitoring network consisting of over 120 AirQo devices, which demonstrates the use of machine learning systems to address practical challenges in a developing world setting.
Effect Modification between Genes and Environment and Parkinson's Disease Risk
Authors: Periñán Maria Teresa , Brolin Kajsa , Bandres‐Ciga Sara , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Klein Christine , Gan‐Or Ziv , Singleton Andrew , Gomez‐Garre Pilar , Swanberg Maria , Mir Pablo , Noyce Alastair
Published: August 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition in which genetic and environmental factors interact to contribute to its etiology. Remarkable progress has been made in deciphering disease etiology through genetic approaches, but there is limited data about how environmental and genetic factors interact to modify penetrance, risk, and disease severity. Here, we provide insights into environmental modifiers of PD, discussing precedents from other neurological and non‐neurological conditions. Based on these examples, we outline genetic and environmental factors contributing to PD and review potential environmental modifiers of penetrance and clinical variability in monogenic and idiopathic PD. We also highlight the potential challenges and propose how future studies might tackle these important questions. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:715–724