bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal–organic framework-based photonic crystal platforms for gas sensing: a review
Authors: Wang Zhaolong , Wang Yaru , Yan Jun , Liu Bin , Chen Yunlin , Tian Yahui
Published: July 2022

In this review, the research progress of MOF-based PC gas sensors from 1-D to 3-D PCs, which mainly include four aspects of sensing mechanism, material selection, structural optimization and sensing performances, is comprehensively summarized.
LAPONITE® nanodisk-based platforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Li Gaoming , Guo Yunqi , Guo Rui , Shi Xiangyang , Shen Mingwu
Published: July 2022

Recent advances in the development of LAPONITE® nanodisk-based platforms for tumor chemotherapy and phototherapy, imaging, and theranostics have been reviewed.
Low temperature 2D GaN growth on Si(111) 7 × 7 assisted by hyperthermal nitrogen ions
Authors: Maniš Jaroslav , Mach Jindřich , Bartošík Miroslav , Šamořil Tomáš , Horák Michal , Čalkovský Vojtěch , Nezval David , Kachtik Lukáš , Konečný Martin , Šikola Tomáš
Published: July 2022

As the characteristic dimensions of modern top-down devices are getting smaller, such devices reach their operational limits imposed by quantum mechanics.
Theoretical studies on boron dimesityl-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic emitters: excited-state properties and mechanisms
Authors: Sun Xin-Wei , Peng Ling-Ya , Gao Yuan-Jun , Ye Jin-Ting , Cui Ganglong
Published: July 2022

At 300 K, S1 excitons could emit fluorescence or undergo ISC to T1, where rISC exceeds the phosphorescence emission enabling TADF.
Negative polarization properties of regolith simulants
Authors: Spadaccia S. , Patty C. H. L. , Capelo H. L. , Thomas N. , Pommerol A.
Published: July 2022

Context. Polarization phase curves of asteroids and other small airless bodies are influenced by the compositional and physical properties of their regolith. The mixing of minerals composing the regolith influences the negative polarization at small phase angles because it changes the multiple scattering properties of the medium.

Aims. This work aims to demonstrate experimentally how the mixing effect influences the polarization phase curve at small phase angles for different mineralogies relevant for asteroids, and to determine how different aggregate sizes affect the negative polarization.

Methods. We prepared a set of binary and ternary mixtures with different common minerals on asteroids and one set of the same mixture with different aggregate sizes. We measured their reflected light at 530 nm with full Stokes polarimetry at phase angles ranging from 0.8° to 30°.

Results. The mixing effect of the mixtures with both bright and dark minerals significantly changes the behavior of the phase curves in terms of minimum polarization, phase angle of the minimum, and inversion angle with respect to the mineral components that are mixed together. The changes in phase curve could explain the polarization observation of particular classes of asteroids (F and L class) and other asteroids with peculiar polarization curves or photometric properties. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the negative polarization is invariant to the presence of dust aggregates up to centimeter sizes.
Constraining masses and separations of unseen companions to five accelerating nearby stars
Authors: Mesa D. , Bonavita M. , Benatti S. , Gratton R. , Marino S. , Kervella P. , D’ Orazi V. , Desidera S. , Henning T. , Janson M. , Langlois M. , Rickman E. , Vigan A. , Zurlo A. , Baudino J.-L. , Biller B. , Boccaletti A. , Bonnefoy M. , Brandner W. , Buenzli E. , Cantalloube F. , Fantinel D. , Fontanive C. , Galicher R. , Ginski C. , Girard J. , Hagelberg J. , Kopytova T. , Lagrange A.-M. , Lazzoni C. , Le Coroller H. , Ligi R. , Llored M. , Maire A.-L. , Mouillet D. , Perrot C. , Rochat S. , Romero C. , Rouan D. , Samland M. , Schmidt T. O. B. , Sissa E. , Wildi F.
Published: July 2022

Aims. In this work, we aim to constrain the masses and separations of potential substellar companions to five accelerating stars (HIP 1481, HIP 88399, HIP 96334, HIP 30314, and HIP 116063) using multiple data sets acquired with different techniques.

Methods. Our targets were originally observed as part of the SPHERE/SHINE survey, and radial velocity (RV) archive data were also available for four of the five objects. No companions were originally detected in any of these data sets, but the presence of significant proper motion anomalies (PMas) for all the stars strongly suggested the presence of a companion. Combining the information from the PMas with the limits derived from the RV and SPHERE data, we were able to put constraints on the characteristics of the unseen companions.

Results. Our analysis led to relatively strong constraints for both HIP 1481 and HIP 88399, narrowing down the companion masses to 2–5 MJup and 3–5 MJup and separations within 2–15 au and 3–9 au, respectively. Because of the large age uncertainties for HIP 96334, the poor observing conditions for the SPHERE epochs of HIP 30314, and the lack of RV data for HIP 116063, the results for these targets were not as well defined, but we were still able to constrain the properties of the putative companions within a reasonable confidence level.

Conclusions. For all five targets, our analysis reveals that the companions responsible for the PMa signal would be well within reach for future instruments planned for the ELT (e.g., MICADO), which would easily achieve the required contrast and angular resolution. Our results therefore represent yet another confirmation of the power of multi-technique approaches for both the discovery and characterisation of planetary systems.
Psychosoziales Screening in der Physiotherapie: Wo verläuft die Grenze zur Komorbidität?
Authors: Kalmring Matthias
Published: July 2022

Die Behandlung von Patient*innen mit chronischen Schmerzen stellt sich häufig als sehr komplex dar und benötigt oft eine multimodale Therapiestrategie. Daher hat der Einbezug von psychosozialen Faktoren in die physiotherapeutische Therapieplanung und Behandlung bei Patient*innen mit chronischen muskuloskelettalen Schmerzen in den letzten Jahren immer mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Allerdings scheint es in der Physiotherapie eine Herausforderung darzustellen, psychosoziale Einflüsse zu erheben, zu interpretieren und aus ihnen therapeutische Konsequenzen zu ziehen.

Dieser Fallbericht eines 44 Jahre alten Patienten mit Schulterschmerzen soll die Bedeutsamkeit eines standardisierten Screening Protokolls zur Bewertung von psychosozialen Einflussfaktoren bei Patient*innen mit chronischen muskuloskelettalen Beschwerden aufzeigen. Die Ergebnisse aus der Herzratenvariabilitätsmessung und dem Fragebogen „Maslach Burnout Inventory“ deuteten auf eine erhöhte Belastung des Patienten durch psychosoziale Stressoren, die eine Burnout-Gefährdung anzeigten. Neben der schulterspezifischen funktionellen Physiotherapie wurden, in interdisziplinärer Absprache, die Erholungsfähigkeit und Stresskompensation des Patienten in der Therapie adressiert. Die mit diesen Maßnahmen ergänzte Physiotherapie konnte Verbesserungen auf der Funktions- und Schmerzebene erzielen.
Gefährlicher Eindringling – Red Flags erkennen
Authors: von Piekartz Harry , Zalpour Christoff
Published: July 2022

Robert hat seit drei Wochen Schmerzen im rechten Arm. Beim Angeln wird es schlimmer, aber ein klares neuromuskuloskelettales Muster kann sein Therapeut nicht erkennen. Erst eine Blutuntersuchung bringt die wahre Ursache ans Licht.
Sonographic Comparison of Neck Extensor Muscle Thickness of
Ankylosing Spondylitis and Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients
with Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Karabaş Çağlar , Aras Berke , Erol Kemal , Kuzu Ömer
Published: July 2022

Introduction This study examines the neck extensor muscle thickness of
patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial
spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) by comparing them with healthy volunteers. It also
aims to evaluate the relationship between muscle thickness and disease activity,
functional parameters, neck disability and quality of life in patients with
AxSpA.

Method In this cross-sectional study, 30 patients with AS and 30 patients
with nr-AxSpA who were admitted to a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
outpatient clinic were included consecutively. Thirty healthy participants were
included as a control group. The thickness of muscles was measured bilaterally
by ultrasound and the muscle thickness average was recorded. All patients with
axSpA were asked to complete the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity
Index (BASDAI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), the
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), the Ankylosing spondylitis
Quality of Life (AsQoL) scale and the Neck Disability Index (NDI).

Results Mean patient age was 42.36±10.0 in the AS group,
38.13±7.94 in the nr-axSpA group and 39.06±8.25 in the healthy
group. A statistically significant decrease was found in multifidus,
semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis and splenius capitis muscle
thickness in AS patients compared with the healthy group, and in semispinalis
cervicis muscle thickness in nr-axSpA patients compared with the healthy group.
However, when trapezius muscle thickness was compared between the groups, no
statistical difference was found. There was a significant negative correlation
between neck extensor muscle thickness and age, BASDAI, NDI and AsQoL in
patients with axSpA.

Conclusion The thickness of the neck extensor muscles is decreased in
patients with AxSpA compared with healthy individuals, and this situation can be
reliably detected by ultrasound.
Outcomes of Coverage of Soft Tissue Defects in the Thumb with a
“Kite Flap”
Authors: Zyluk Andrzej , Flicinski Filip
Published: July 2022

Deep soft tissue injuries and defects in the digits such as pulp amputation and
degloving injuries are relatively frequent in hand surgical practice. Injuries
around the thumb constitute a specific subtype, because their fitting requires
the use of techniques that are different from standard. Many different surgical
options have been described for the treatment of these serious lesions,
depending on site and size of the defect, as well as on bone exposition. The
“kite flap” is one of the most popular and frequently used.
Results of the treatment of 14 of the 22 patients whose defects in the thumb
were fitted with the kite flap are presented. The flaps healed in all patients.
At the mean follow-up of 3 years all patients declared satisfaction with the
result of surgery. Most of them had slightly limited mobility of the operated
thumbs but with no significant translation to the function of the hands, which
was very good. The results of this study show that the kite flap is useful in
reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the thumb, which are difficult to
cover by more conventional techniques
Functionalization of Alkyl Groups Adjacent to Azoles: Application to the Synthesis of α-Functionalized Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Bhadra Sukalyan , Singh Anupam Kumar , Shinde Rupali Dasharath , Kumar Jogendra
Published: July 2022

A plethora of bioactive compounds and natural products bears an azole subunit within their complex structural frameworks. A footstep to realize those complex structures in atom economic fashion rely on the direct functionalization of C–H bonds adjacent to an azole group. In addition, the resulting functionalized azole compounds can be simply modified into practically significant genre of α-functionalized carboxylic acids that are otherwise inaccessible through a formal α-functionalization strategy. In this Account, we describe an up-to-date progress on the functionalization of a methyl and/or methylene group(s) adjacent to an azole ring enabled by late and earth-abundant transition metals. Contributions made by our group and that by others in the field are elaborated in this Account article.

1 Introduction

2 Mode of Reactivity of C–H Bonds Next to Azoles under Transition-Metal Catalysis

3 Pd-Catalyzed Functionalization of Alkyl Groups Adjacent to an Azole Ring

3.1 Functionalization through C–C Bond Formation

3.2 Functionalization through C–Heteroatom Bond Formation

4 3d-Metal-Catalyzed Functionalization of Alkyl Groups Adjacent to an Azole Ring

5 Other Metal-Catalyzed Functionalization of Alkyl Groups Adjacent to an Azole Ring

6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
Complex Bench Surgery Does Not Increase the Risk of Vascular Complications after Pediatric Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Ghidini Filippo , Fascetti Leon Francesco , De Corti Federica , Meneghesso Davide , Longo Germana , Sgrò Alberto , Michelon Stefania , Metrangolo Salvatore , Meneghini Luisa , Castagnetti Marco , Benetti Elisa , Gamba Piergiorgio , Dall'Igna Patrizia
Published: July 2022

Introduction Vascular complications are severe complications of pediatric kidney transplantation (KT). We aimed to investigate whether a complex bench surgery (BS) affects the outcomes.

Methods All pediatric KT performed at the University Hospital of Padua from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed, comparing those in which a standard BS was possible to those that necessitated a complex BS. The rates of vascular complications, patients' outcome, and graft survival were compared in the two groups.

Results Eighty KTs were performed in 78 patients with a median age of 11 years (interquartile range [IQR] 4.3–14) and a median body weight of 24 kg (IQR 13–37). Thirty-nine donor kidneys (49%) needed a complex BS due to anomalies of renal veins in 12 (31%) and renal arteries in 16 (41%). The remaining 11 grafts (28%) underwent an elongation of the vein. There was no difference in the rate of primary graft non function (p = 0.97), delayed graft function (p = 0.72), and overall survival (p = 0.27). The rates of vascular complications, bleedings, and venous graft thrombosis were similar (p = 0.51, p = 0.59, p = 0.78, respectively). No arterial thrombosis or stenosis was reported.

Conclusion Complex BS did not compromise survival of the graft and did not put the allograft at risk of vascular complications, such as bleedings or thrombosis.
Mathematical models of human memory
Authors: Katkov Mikhail , Naim Michelangelo , Georgiou Antonios , Tsodyks Misha
Published: July 2022

Human memory is an incredibly complex system of vast capacity but often unreliable. Measuring memory for realistic material, such as narratives, is quantitatively challenging as people rarely remember narratives verbatim. Cognitive psychologists developed experimental paradigms involving randomly collected lists of items that make possible quantitative measures of performance in memory tasks, such as recall and recognition. Here, we describe a set of mathematical models designed to predict the results of these experiments. The models are based on simple underlying assumptions and surprisingly agree with experimental results quite well, in addition to that they exhibit quite interesting mathematical behavior that can partially be understood analytically.
Electronic structure analysis of copper photoredox catalysts using the quasi-restricted orbital approach
Authors: Sandoval-Pauker Christian , Pinter Balazs
Published: July 2022

In this computational study, the electronic structure changes along the oxidative and reductive quenching cycles of a homoleptic and a heteroleptic prototype Cu(I) photoredox catalyst, namely, [Cu(dmp)2]+ (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) and [Cu(phen)(POP)]+ (POP = bis [2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether), are scrutinized and characterized using quasi-restricted orbitals (QROs), electron density differences, and spin densities. After validating our density functional theory-based computational protocol, the equilibrium geometries and wavefunctions (using QROs and atom/fragment compositions) of the four states involved in photoredox cycle (S0, T1, Dox, and Dred) are systematically and thoroughly described. The formal ground and excited state ligand- and metal-centered redox events are substantiated by the QRO description of the open-shell triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) (d9L−1), Dox (d9L0), and Dred (d10L−1) species and the corresponding structural changes, e.g., flattening distortion, shortening/elongation of Cu–N/Cu–P bonds, are rationalized in terms of the underlying electronic structure transformations. Among others, we reveal the molecular-scale delocalization of the ligand-centered radical in the 3MLCT (d9L−1) and Dred (d9L−1) states of homoleptic [Cu(dmp)2]+ and its localization to the redox-active phenanthroline ligand in the case of heteroleptic [Cu(phen)(POP)]+.
Nonlinear manipulation of orbital angular momentum spectra with second- and third-harmonic generation in a quasi-periodically poled crystal
Authors: Yang Yu-Xiang , Dong Bo-Wen , Ren Zhi-Cheng , Li Hao , Lou Yan-Chao , Cheng Zi-Mo , Liu Zhi-Feng , Ding Jianping , Wang Xi-Lin , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: July 2022

Optical orbital angular momentum (OAM), as an important degree of freedom of light, has been attracting extensive attention due to its intrinsic feature of the natural discrete infinite dimension. Manipulation of OAM spectra is crucial for many impressive applications from classical to quantum realms, in particular, nonlinear manipulation of OAM spectra. Here, we realized the nonlinear manipulation of OAM spectra by using the simultaneous second- and third-harmonic generation in a single nonlinear crystal of quasi-periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate, for fundamental waves with a variety of OAM spectra, especially for customized OAM spectra of the second and third harmonics. The experimental results confirmed the theoretical predictions. Our approach not only provides a way to manipulate OAM spectra at shorter wavelengths that are hard to be directly generated but also may find applications toward multiplexing in classical optics and high-dimensional information processing in quantum optics.
Phase transition of Al2O3-encapsulated MoTe2 via rapid thermal annealing
Authors: Sengupta Rohan , Dangi Saroj , Krylyuk Sergiy , Davydov Albert V. , Pavlidis Spyridon
Published: July 2022

Among group VI transition metal dichalcogenides, MoTe2 is predicted to have the smallest energy offset between semiconducting 2H and semimetallic 1T′ states. This makes it an attractive phase change material for both electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we report fast, nondestructive, and full phase change in Al2O3-encapsulated 2H-MoTe2 thin films to 1T′-MoTe2 using rapid thermal annealing at 900 °C. Phase change was confirmed using Raman spectroscopy after a short annealing duration of 10 s in both vacuum and nitrogen ambient. No thickness dependence of the transition temperatures was observed for flake thickness ranging from 1.5 to 8 nm. These results represent a major step forward in understanding the structural phase transition properties of MoTe2 thin films using external heating and underline the importance of surface encapsulation for avoiding thin film degradation.
Blue carbon sequestration following mangrove restoration: evidence from a carbon neutral case in China
Authors: Ratul Sourav Bagchi , Gu Xiaoxuan , Qiao Peiyang , Sagala Febrina Wulanda , Nan Shu , Islam Nazrul , Chen Luzhen
Published: July 2022

Sequestration of blue carbon (C) in mangrove plantations depends on site characteristics and plantation management. This study evaluated the effects of plantation management on C sequestration at a C-neutral site in Xiamen, China. A field study was conducted on 10-year-old
Sonneratia apetala
and
Kandelia obovata
plantations (mono-Sa, mono-Ko) and a 15-year-old mixed plantation-. We found that mono-Ko had a significantly higher ecosystem C sequestration rate (3.32 ± 0.62 kg C m
−2
yr
−1
) than others when planted in the indirect shade of pioneer species. As a non-native species,
Sonneratia
performed better (0.57 ± 0.01 kg C m
−2
yr
−1
) when planted with
Kandelia
than in monotypic plantations. The temporary and long-term certified emission reduction (tCER and lCER) of the 12.98 ha mono-Ko was 4103.89 and 3693.50 net CO
2
-e within 10 years, respectively. A literature review was conducted to show the compatibility of this study with other natural and plantation sites of China and Bangladesh (the native habitat for
Sonneratia
). The C sequestration of
Sonneratia
plantation sites in China is comparable with those in Bangladesh. However, the soil C accumulation rate for a
Sonneratia
monotypic plantation in Bangladesh decreased with age, yet the same did not occur in the plantations of China.
Integration of PCM as an external wall layer in reducing excessive heat of building walls
Authors: Nor Ali Umi Nadiah , Mohamad Nor Norazman , Misnon Noor Aina , Mohd Noor Siti Aminah , Othman Maidiana , Alias Muhammad Akmal Akif , Syamsir Agusril
Published: July 2022

Innovative building approaches, which take advantage of heat energy in buildings, have recently appeared as part of a global effort to save energy. Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into the building envelope helps in reducing energy consumption and regulating energy demand by managing the thermal inertia of designed PCM thermal characteristics. A study was conducted to assess the performance benefits provided by the latent heat of the concrete wall combined with PCM. This study focuses on developing and testing heat barrier performance by incorporating PCM into wall external finishing, i.e. cement plaster and gloss paint. The effect of PCM inclusion in building wall were investigated by experimental work. The results indicate that incorporating PCM into the building wall reduced the surface temperature by up to 9 °C. Furthermore, the application of the PCM in the plaster layer is more reliable in reducing the internal wall surface temperature by a value of 8.1 °C when compared to the PCM in a painted coating. Painted wall panels experienced more significant temperature reduction differences than other wall panels, i.e. 9.2 °C and 9.5 °C, respectively. However, painted wall panels experienced higher internal surface temperatures than external surface temperatures compared to plastered wall panel at night. This could be due to the paint reactions, which are ineffective at releasing internal heat from the building at night. The yearly energy demand is decreased by 64.3% by incorporating PCM to the building wall, with a total annual electricity bill savings of 42.3% (8695.8 kWh yr−1). Therefore, it was concluded that wrapped PCM integrated into plaster layers on external surface building walls could decrease the indoor building temperature and thus contribute to conserving the energy required for an air conditioning system.
Avoidant Coping Is Associated with Quality of Life in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis with High Cognitive Reserve
Authors: Vervoordt Samantha M , Bradson Megan L , Arnett Peter A
Published: July 2022

Objective

The goal of this study was to determine the impact of the relationship between cognitive reserve and coping strategy on quality of life (QoL) outcomes in persons with MS (PwMS) across multiple domains.

Methods

We examined the effect of the interactions between coping style and cognitive reserve on QoL and disease burden in 97 persons with MS (PwMS). Coping strategy, either active or avoidant, was measured using the COPE inventory. We defined cognitive reserve as a composite measure of years of education and scores on the Shipley-2 Vocabulary subtest. QoL and disease burden were assessed using the Functional Assessment of MS (FAMS) scale and the Expanded Disability Status Scale, respectively. We examined both the FAMS individual subscales and the overall QoL score.

Results

For those with higher cognitive reserve, greater avoidant coping was associated with lower QoL for the thinking and fatigue subscale (p < 0.001) and poorer overall QoL (p = 0.03); greater active coping was associated with poorer QoL for mobility (p = 0.001). However, these associations did not hold for those with lower cognitive reserve. Furthermore, there were no associations between coping strategy and cognitive reserve with disease burden.

Conclusions

This study extends previous findings by demonstrating that avoidant coping, rather than active coping, is associated with poorer thinking and fatigue and overall QoL only for PwMS with greater cognitive reserve. Counseling PwMS on the impact of coping strategies on QoL outcomes, especially for those with greater cognitive reserve, may improve quality of life outcomes in this population.
Familial and syndromic forms of arachnoid cyst implicate genetic factors in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Qureshi Hanya M , Mekbib Kedous Y , Allington Garrett , Elsamadicy Aladine A , Duy Phan Q , Kundishora Adam J , Jin Sheng Chih , Kahle Kristopher T
Published: July 2022

Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are the most common space-occupying lesions in the human brain and present significant challenges for clinical management. While most cases of ACs are sporadic, nearly 40 familial forms have been reported. Moreover, ACs are seen with increased frequency in multiple Mendelian syndromes, including Chudley–McCullough syndrome, acrocallosal syndrome, and autosomal recessive primary ciliary dyskinesia. These findings suggest that genetic factors contribute to AC pathogenesis. However, traditional linkage and segregation approaches have been limited in their ability to identify causative genes for ACs because the disease is genetically heterogeneous and often presents asymptomatically and sporadically. Here, we comprehensively review theories of AC pathogenesis, the genetic evidence for AC formation, and discuss a different approach to AC genomics that could help elucidate this perplexing lesion and shed light on the associated neurodevelopmental phenotypes seen in a significant subset of these patients.
Mexiletine for recurrent ventricular tachycardia in adult patients with structural heart disease and implantable cardioverter defibrillator: an EHRA systematic review
Authors: Farkowski Michal Miroslaw , Karlinski Michal , Pytkowski Mariusz , de Asmundis Carlo , Lewandowski Michal , Mugnai Giacomo , Conte Giulio , Marijon Eloi , Anic Ante , Boveda Serge , Providencia Rui
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to systematically review evidence on the effectiveness and safety of oral mexiletine administered in monotherapy or in combination with other antiarrhythmic drugs for recurrent ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation, VT/VF) in adult patients with structural heart disease (SHD) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases from inception to 27 August 2021 for prospective and retrospective studies investigating mexiletine in the target population. The main outcome was the reduction of ICD therapy. The main safety outcome was the presence of any serious adverse events (SAEs) leading to mexiletine discontinuation. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool or the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Four studies comprising 86 mexiletine recipients were included in the review. We also obtained individual data of 50 patients from two studies. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) was present in 86% of patients. The quality of included studies was moderate/low. A narrative review was undertaken as studies varied widely in terms of study population and treatment. Across studies, mexiletine treatment (with or without amiodarone) seemed to consistently reduce the number of ICD therapies especially in a population where catheter ablation (CA) was unsuccessful or contraindicated. In ICM patients deemed eligible for CA, mexiletine seemed to be inferior to CA. Mexiletine was discontinued in 14% of cases, mainly for gastrointestinal or neurological SAE. Mexiletine seems to be an option for the long-term treatment of recurrent VT/VF in adult patients with SHD, especially ICM, and ICD in whom CA was unsuccessful or not suitable.
Ckmt1 is Dispensable for Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Within White/Beige Adipose Tissue
Authors: Politis-Barber Valerie , Petrick Heather L , Raajendiran Arthe , DesOrmeaux Genevieve J , Brunetta Henver S , dos Reis Larissa M , Mori Marcelo A , Wright David C , Watt Matthew J , Holloway Graham P
Published: July 2022

Within brown adipose tissue (BAT), the brain isoform of creatine kinase (CKB) has been proposed to regulate the regeneration of ADP and phosphocreatine in a futile creatine cycle (FCC) that stimulates energy expenditure. However, the presence of FCC, and the specific creatine kinase isoforms regulating this theoretical model within white adipose tissue (WAT), remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, creatine did not stimulate respiration in cultured adipocytes, isolated mitochondria or mouse permeabilized WAT. Additionally, while creatine kinase ubiquitous-type, mitochondrial (CKMT1) mRNA and protein were detected in human WAT, shRNA-mediated reductions in Ckmt1 did not decrease submaximal respiration in cultured adipocytes, and ablation of CKMT1 in mice did not alter energy expenditure, mitochondrial responses to pharmacological β3-adrenergic activation (CL 316, 243) or exacerbate the detrimental metabolic effects of consuming a high-fat diet. Taken together, these findings solidify CKMT1 as dispensable in the regulation of energy expenditure, and unlike in BAT, they do not support the presence of FCC within WAT.
Migration patterns of Greenland halibut in the North Atlantic revealed by a compiled mark–recapture dataset
Authors: Vihtakari Mikko , Elvarsson Bjarki Þór , Treble Margaret , Nogueira Adriana , Hedges Kevin , Hussey Nigel E , Wheeland Laura , Roy Denis , Ofstad Lise Helen , Hallfredsson Elvar H , Barkley Amanda , Estévez-Barcia Daniel , Nygaard Rasmus , Healey Brian , Steingrund Petur , Johansen Torild , Albert Ole Thomas , Boje Jesper
Published: July 2022

Marine fisheries are often allocated to stocks that reflect pragmatic considerations and may not represent the species’ spatial population structure, increasing the risk of mismanagement and unsustainable harvesting. Here we compile mark–recapture data collected across the North Atlantic to gain insight into the spatial population structure of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), an issue that has been unresolved for decades. The dataset contains 168130 fish tagged from 1952 to 2021, with 5466 (3.3%) recaptured individuals. Our results indicate that fish tagged at <50 cm body length migrate at higher rates, suggesting that mark–recapture studies on adult individuals underestimate population-level migration rates. We find evidence for migrations across management units in the North Atlantic indicating two regional offshore populations: one in the Northeast Atlantic, where the West Nordic and Northeast Arctic stocks, currently managed separately, likely belong to a single population that spans from the Kara Sea to Southeast Greenland; and one in the Northwest Atlantic where migration was observed between the Newfoundland and Labrador stock and the Northwest Arctic stock in Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Our findings indicate complex population structure with implications for international and domestic fisheries management of this long-lived species.
Do People Want Democracy Aid? Survey Experimental Evidence from Africa
Authors: Doces John A , Meyer Mark J
Published: July 2022

In Africa, international donors have increasingly promoted democracy and election monitoring. Do Africans want them to do this or would they prefer some other purpose? We argue respondents will least prefer democracy compared to other purposes because (i) there are other possible uses, like healthcare, that are more in need; (ii) aid has a political salience of control that other purposes do not have; and (iii) democracy and monitoring in Africa often yield negative externalities, while other purposes produce positive externalities. To test this claim, we conducted two rounds of survey experiments in Côte d’Ivoire and Uganda, and then again in Côte d’Ivoire with an extension to Senegal. Our surveys employ a conjoint analysis in which respondents compare two possible development projects. Each survey includes several dimensions, including the project’s purpose, which is where we locate democracy and monitoring and alternative purposes such as healthcare or education. Results indicate that democracy and monitoring are the least preferred purposes compared to other purposes. This does not mean that they do not want democracy, nor that they do not want donors to promote democracy, but rather that compared to other possible purposes, democracy is the least preferred use of aid funds.
Implementation and Clinical Adoption of Precision Oncology Workflows Across a Healthcare Network
Authors: Dias-Santagata Dora , Heist Rebecca S , Bard Adam Z , da Silva Annacarolina F L , Dagogo-Jack Ibiayi , Nardi Valentina , Ritterhouse Lauren L , Spring Laura M , Jessop Nicholas , Farahani Alexander A , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Allen Jill , Goyal Lipika , Parikh Aparna , Misdraji Joseph , Shankar Ganesh , Jordan Justin T , Martinez-Lage Maria , Frosch Matthew , Graubert Timothy , Fathi Amir T , Hobbs Gabriela S , Hasserjian Robert P , Raje Noopur , Abramson Jeremy , Schwartz Joel H , Sullivan Ryan J , Miller David , Hoang Mai P , Isakoff Steven , Ly Amy , Bouberhan Sara , Watkins Jaclyn , Oliva Esther , Wirth Lori , Sadow Peter M , Faquin William , Cote Gregory M , Hung Yin P , Gao Xin , Wu Chin-Lee , Garg Salil , Rivera Miguel , Le Long P , John Iafrate A , Juric Dejan , Hochberg Ephraim P , Clark Jeffrey , Bardia Aditya , Lennerz Jochen K
Published: July 2022

Background

Precision oncology relies on molecular diagnostics, and the value-proposition of modern healthcare networks promises a higher standard of care across partner sites. We present the results of a clinical pilot to standardize precision oncology workflows.

Methods

Workflows are defined as the development, roll-out, and updating of disease-specific molecular order sets. We tracked the timeline, composition, and effort of consensus meetings to define the combination of molecular tests. To assess clinical impact, we examined order set adoption over a two-year period (before and after roll-out) across all gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary (GI) malignancies, and by provider location within the network.

Results

Development of 12 disease center-specific order sets took ~9 months, and the average number of tests per indication changed from 2.9 to 2.8 (P = .74). After roll-out, we identified significant increases in requests for GI patients (17%; P < .001), compliance with testing recommendations (9%; P < .001), and the fraction of “abnormal” results (6%; P < .001). Of 1088 GI patients, only 3 received targeted agents based on findings derived from non-recommended orders (1 before and 2 after roll-out); indicating that our practice did not negatively affect patient treatments. Preliminary analysis showed 99% compliance by providers in network sites, confirming the adoption of the order sets across the network.

Conclusion

Our study details the effort of establishing precision oncology workflows, the adoption pattern, and the absence of harm from the reduction of non-recommended orders. Establishing a modifiable communication tool for molecular testing is an essential component to optimize patient care via precision oncology.
MHC Class I Enables MSCs to Evade NK-Cell–Mediated Cytotoxicity and Exert Immunosuppressive Activity
Authors: Oh Joo Youn , Kim Hyemee , Lee Hyun Ju , Lee Kangin , Barreda Heather , Kim Hyeon Ji , Shin Eunji , Bae Eun-Hye , Kaur Gagandeep , Zhang Yu , Kim Eunjae , Lee Jae young , Lee Ryang Hwa
Published: July 2022

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are frequently used in clinical trials due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and lack of MHC class II. However, the levels of MHC classes I and II in MSCs are increased by inflammatory stimuli, raising concerns over potential adverse effects associated with allogeneic cell therapy. Also, it is unclear how the host immune response to MHC-mismatched MSCs affects the therapeutic efficacy of the cells. Herein, using strategies to manipulate MHC genes in human bone marrow-derived MSCs via the CRISPR-Cas9 system, plasmids, or siRNAs, we found that inhibition of MHC class I—not MHC class II—in MSCs lowered the survival rate of MSCs and their immunosuppressive potency in mice with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis, specifically by increasing MSC vulnerability to natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. A subsequent survey of MSC batches derived from 6 human donors confirmed a significant correlation between MSC survival rate and susceptibility to NK cells with the potency of MSCs to increase MHC class I level upon stimulation. Our overall results demonstrate that MHC class I enables MSCs to evade NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and exert immunosuppressive activity.
Biomechanical Assessment of Fracture Loads and Patterns of the Odontoid Process
Authors: Benca Emir , Zderic Ivan , van Knegsel Kenneth P. , Caspar Jan , Hirtler Lena , Fuchssteiner Christoph , Strassl Andreas , Gueorguiev Boyko , Widhalm Harald , Windhager Reinhard , Varga Peter
Published: July 2022

Study Design.

Laboratory study.

Objective.

This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical competence and fracture characteristics of the odontoid process.

Summary of Background Data.

Odontoid fractures of the second cervical vertebra (C2) represent the most common spine fracture type in the elderly. However, very little is known about the underlying biomechanical fracture mechanisms.

Materials and Methods.

A total of 42 C2 human anatomic specimens were scanned via computed tomography, divided in six groups, and subjected to combined quasistatic loading at −15°, 0°, and 15° in sagittal plane and −50° and 0° in transverse plane until fracturing. Bone mineral density (BMD), height, fusion state of the ossification centers, stiffness, yield load, and ultimate load were assessed.

Results.

While lowest values for stiffness, yield load, and ultimate load were observed at load inclination of 15° in sagittal plane, no statistically significant differences were observed between the study groups (P≥0.235). BMD correlated positively with yield load (r
2=0.350, P<0.001) and ultimate load (r
2=0.955, P<0.001) but not with stiffness (r
2=0.082, P=0.07). The specimens with clearly distinguishable fusion of the ossification centers revealed less data scattering of the biomechanical outcomes.

Conclusion.

Load direction plays a subordinate role in traumatic fractures of the odontoid process. BMD was associated with significant correlation to the biomechanical outcomes. Thus, odontoid fractures appear to result from of an interaction between the load magnitude and bone quality.
Machine learning-based prediction of massive perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in cardiac surgery
Authors: Tschoellitsch Thomas , Böck Carl , Mahečić Tina Tomić , Hofmann Axel , Meier Jens
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Massive perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion, that is, perioperative transfusion of more than 10 units of packed red blood cells (pRBC), is one of the main contributors to perioperative morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery. Prediction of perioperative blood transfusion might enable preemptive treatment strategies to reduce risk and improve patient outcomes while reducing resource utilisation. We, therefore, investigated the precision of five different machine learning algorithms to predict the occurrence of massive perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in cardiac surgery at our centre.

OBJECTIVE

Is it possible to predict massive perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion using machine learning?

DESIGN

Retrospective, observational study.

SETTING

Single adult cardiac surgery centre in Austria between 01 January 2010 and 31 December 2019.

PATIENTS

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Primary outcome measures were the number of patients receiving at least 10 units pRBC, the area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristics curve, the F1 score, and the negative-predictive (NPV) and positive-predictive values (PPV) of the five machine learning algorithms used to predict massive perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion.

RESULTS

A total of 3782 (1124 female:) patients were enrolled and 139 received at least 10 pRBC units. Using all features available at hospital admission, massive perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion could be excluded rather accurately. The best area under the curve was achieved by Random Forests: 0.810 (0.76 to 0.86) with high NPV of 0.99). This was still true using only the eight most important features [area under the curve 0.800 (0.75 to 0.85)].

CONCLUSION

Machine learning models may provide clinical decision support as to which patients to focus on for perioperative preventive treatment in order to preemptively reduce massive perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion by predicting, which patients are not at risk.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Johannes Kepler University Ethics Committee Study Number 1091/2021, Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04856618.
The Prephase Nursing in Levodopa Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Therapy
Authors: Lezzi Pierluigi , Lupo Roberto , Lezzi Tania , Vitale Elsa
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson disease (PD) affects approximately 1% of women and men worldwide, particularly older than 60 years. It is a multisystem and neurodegenerative disease with genetics and environmental factors that result in deficits in the production of neurotransmitters, including dopamine. The levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) system delivers a continuous infusion of levodopa directly into the proximal small intestine via percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy, largely bypassing gastric emptying and absorption problems and producing more stable plasma concentrations of levodopa, eliminating the development of motor complications (dyskinesias). The aim of this review was to summarize scientific evidence on the nursing role that, together with the multidisciplinary team, made the patient's choice in this therapeutic path (pre-LCIG phase). METHODS: A literature review was carried out, conducted on the MEDLINE databases (through PubMed), The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and CINAHL (through EBSCO). Relevant articles for the topic were found to identify indexed primary studies that investigated the relationship between the nurse and the patient/caregiver with PD who undertakes treatment with LCIG according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included in the review. The selected studies suggested how the pre-LCIG phase of patient choice and the subsequent education and training could avoid selection errors for these therapeutic paths. CONCLUSION: Trained and specialized nursing staff who carry out an adequate pre-LCIG phase associated to the multidisciplinary team improved the choice of the patient and the start of treatment and, consequently, the quality of life of PD patients.
Distal femur: nail plate combination and the linked construct
Authors: Liporace Frank A. , Tang Alex , Jankowski Jaclyn M. , Yoon Richard S.
Published: July 2022

Operative fixation of distal femur fractures in patients with osteoporotic bone can be challenging. Treatment with either lateral locking plate or retrograde intramedullary nail alone may not provide adequate fixation to allow for early mobilization. Rather, fixation using the nail plate combination (NPC) to treat distal femur fractures in the elderly may offer improved biomechanical stability to achieve immediate weight-bearing, especially in the setting of complex fracture patterns and osteoporosis. Here, we describe the rationale, step-by-step technique, and outcome following 2 cases: 1 patient treated with a true NPC procedure using retrograde intramedullary nail and standard locking plate, as well as a NPC procedure using a novel locking attaching washer plate.
Extreme nailing and immediate weight bearing constructs in fractures of the distal tibia
Authors: John Mitchell , Mir Hassan R.
Published: July 2022

Extraarticular fractures of the distal tibia can present as difficult but manageable lower extremity injuries. Historically, these injuries have been fixed in a myriad of ways. Early management with intramedullary nailing had higher complication rates due to the unique anatomical and biomechanical features of the distal tibia. Modern improvements in intramedullary nailing surgical techniques and implant design have significantly decreased complication rates and led to improvement in patient outcomes. Many surgeons protect weight bearing postoperatively, but recent literature suggests that patients may safely weight bear immediately following intramedullary fixation. This article reviews technique and implant design changes that have facilitated immediate safe weight bearing following intramedullary nailing of extraarticular distal tibia fractures.
Description of Abyssalbus ytuae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the sediment of the Mariana Trench
Authors: Xu Xiudan , Zhang Shuning , Sun Xiangyi , Xu Xiuming , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2022

In this study, we describe a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, named strain MT3330T, which was isolated from the deep-sea sediment of the Mariana Trench. Growth of MT3330T occurred at 15–40 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum, 7.0–8.0) and with 0–8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0–2.0 %). The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that MT3330T represented a member of the family

Flavobacteriaceae

and was most closely related to

Zhouia spongiae

HN-Y44T (92.3 % sequence similarity). The results of genomic analysis indicated that MT3330T contains a circular chromosome of 4 365 036 bp with a DNA G+C content of 35.2 %. The predominant respiratory quinone of MT3330T was MK-6. The polar lipids of MT3330T included phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified amino lipids and four unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids of MT3330T included C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1G, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological analyses, it is suggested that strain MT3330T represents a novel genus and a novel species of the family

Flavobacteriaceae

, and the name Abyssalbus ytuae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MT3330T (=MCCC 1K06012T=KCTC 82823T).