bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron Overload and Iron Chelation Therapy in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Vichinsky Elliott ,   Medical Director, Hematology/Oncology Department, Children’s Hospital and Research Center at Oakland
Published: October 2015

Iron overload is an unfortunate clinical consequence of repeated blood transfusions that can cause significant organ damage, morbidity, and mortality in the absence of proper treatment. Pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent pathologies face the additional risk of growth failure and poor sexual development owing to iron build-up in the anterior pituitary gland. Iron chelation therapy is necessary for the removal of excess iron, but treatment efficacy and success are highly dependent on patient compliance. Deferoxamine is a well-established but inconvenient therapy requiring parenteral administration over extended periods of time. Patient compliance can be improved with use of the oral iron chelators deferasirox and deferiprone. Long-term data have shown deferasirox to have a good safety and efficacy profile in pediatric patients.
Education, Mentoring, and Collaborative Research—The Mission of the Hemophilia & Thrombosis Research Society
Authors: Valentino Leonard A ,   Director, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Rush Children’s Hospital, and Professor of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, and Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University
Published: October 2015

The Hemophilia & Thrombosis Research Society is a member-based organization to advance the care of persons wih hemophilia and other bleeding and clotting disorders through education, professional mentoring, and collaborative research.
Spindle anorectal melanotic melanoma in a 70 year old woman
Authors: Afsar Nabila , Abid Zakia , Khan M. Mustafa , Wase Abdul , Swathi M.
Published: October 2015

A 70 year old lady presented with symptoms of changed bowel movements and rectal bleeding. She was operated and the resected specimen of intestine was brought to Department of pathology for histopathological examination. The specimen was fixed in 10% formal saline. Tissue bits were taken from the representative areas in the mass for further fixation and processing. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and thoroughly examined under microscope for establishing the diagnosis of Spindle variant of melanotic melanoma. Anorectal melanomas are rare malignancies and an infrequent occurrence in the seventh decade of life. The aim was to evaluate a pigmented anorectal mass and establish its diagnosis in a 70 year old woman by thorough histopathological examination.
Two cases of breast tuberculosis
Authors: Borkar Mangala V. , Sikariya Kusum K. , Gawale Chaya G. , Surwade Gajanan A. , Khaire Uddhav S. , Patil Sunita B.
Published: October 2015

Breast tuberculosis is a rare type of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. This paper reports 2 cases of breast tuberculosis confirmed histopathologically. Aim of this study is to increase awareness about this entity, as otherwise it may be missed and mistaken for breast carcinoma (which should of course always be considered or ruled out primarily).
AVALIAÇÃO DA EROSÃO NA MARGEM DIREITA DO RIO PARAGUAI A JUSANTE DA PRAIA DO JULIÃO MUNICÍPIO DE CACERES-MT
Authors: Silva Aguinaldo , Souza Célia Alves , Zani Hiran
Published: October 2015

A bacia do rio Paraguai vem sendo alvo de intensa ocupação nos últimos anos e seu canal tem passado
por modificações em sua dinâmica. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a dinâmica da margem, pelo
monitoramento da erosão da margem direita do rio Paraguai, a jusante da praia do Julião, próximo da
rodovia BR 174. A área de estudo encontra-se no município de Cáceres, no Estado de Mato Grosso,
localizado nas coordenadas: 16°04’2.10" – 16°04’10" latitude sul e 57°42’24" e 57°42’18" de longitude
oeste. Adotaram-se os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: análise espacial das feições morfológicas
das margens, monitoramento por meio de estacas da erosão marginal e quantificação da erosão. Nos
resultados discutiu-se a dinâmica das águas (vazão e oscilação ao nível da água), as características das
margens e evolução da erosão marginal.
BREVE SÍNTESE DA DINÂMICA FLUVIAL DO RIO BRANCO, NAS ADJACÊNCIAS DA CIDADE DE BOA VISTA, RORAIMA
Authors: Sander Carlos , Carvalho Thiago Morato de , Gasparetto Nelson Vicente Lovatto
Published: October 2015

Este estudo apresenta uma breve discussão inicial sobre a dinâmica do alto rio Branco em seu trecho superior,
nas adjacências da cidade de Boa Vista, Roraima. A metodologia envolveu a interpretação de imagens de
satélite e fotografias aéreas, levantamentos batimétricos, monitoramento da erosão nas margens através da
instalação de pinos de vergalhão e amostragem de sedimentos de fundo. Os breves resultados evidenciam
aumento progressivo de erosão dos depósitos aluviais da margem direita, e considerável evolução de ilhas
aluviais por acreção lateral (margem esquerda), apresentando um processo de entalhamento do canal principal
próximo a Boa Vista, e desativação do canal secundário, por colmatagem na margem direita. Os sedimentos
de fundo apresentaram variação ao longo da seção transversal, com texturas de maior calibre nas zonas de
maior velocidade, e deposição de finos na zona de colmatagem.
IMPORTÂNCIA DE REMANESCENTES FLORESTAIS PARA CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE: ESTUDO DE CASO NA MATA ATLÂNTICA EM SERGIPE ATRAVÉS DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO
Authors: Santos André Luiz Conceição , Carvalho Celso Morato de , Carvalho Thiago Morato de
Published: October 2015

São discutidos aspectos relevantes sobre fragmentos florestados para a conservação da biodiversidade e
especificamente são analisados 403 remanescentes florestais (31.000 ha) na mata atlântica de Sergipe através
de sensoriamento remoto com base em imagens Spot 5 e fotografias aéreas. Os remanescentes foram
categorizados em cinco grupamentos: i) Santa Luzia do Itanhy-Estância, ii) Aracaju-São Cristóvão-Itabaiana,
iii) Rosário do Catete, iv) Japaratuba, v) Pacatuba-Japoatã. A maioria dos fragmentos variou entre 17 –70 ha;
os grupamentos entre Aracaju e Santa Luzia do Itanhy estão entre os maiores. A conectividade entre os
fragmentos variou entre 2-19 km; as distâncias médias entre fragmentos variaram em torno de 1 km. Os
índices de circularidade variaram entre 0,006-0,31, mostrando prevalência de fragmentos com bordas
irregulares.
RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EM PORTO DE MOZ –PA: PROBLEMAS E OPORTUNIDADES
Authors: Souto Francisco Borges Duarte , Raimam Milena Pupo , Albino Ulisses Brigatto
Published: October 2015

Localizada à margem direita do rio Xingu, a cidade de Porto de Moz não tem acesso rodoviário. Neste estudo
foi avaliada a situação da cadeia de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Por análise gravimétrica, foi traçado o perfil do
resíduo sólido doméstico de cada bairro e a fração reciclável foi valorada considerando-se a implantação de
um sistema de coleta seletiva e empregos relacionados à reciclagem.O atual depósito de resíduos, próximo à
área urbana, à margem de um rio, e os hábitos da população carecem soluções eficazes que atendam à Política
Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Estima-se que o resíduo sólido doméstico de Porto de Moz contenha
atualmente aproximadamente R$13000,00 mensais em materiais recicláveis com valor comercial na região.
Programas de educação ambiental e coleta seletiva de resíduos podem auxiliar na redução da matéria orgânica
e aumentar o valor da fração reciclável possibilitando a implantação de uma cooperativa de recicladores.
La toma de rehenes como acto terrorista internacional. Análisis de la operación de rescate "Chavín de Huantar"
Authors: Álvarez Rubio Ariel
Published: October 2015

La toma de rehenes es un fenómeno que afecta a muchos países, y donde se refleja la cambiante relación existente entre la política y la guerra contra el terrorismo. Para combatir esta amenaza, los gobiernos se ven obligados a actuar con todas las capacidades disponibles y en ocasiones, los grandes principios y los escrúpulos morales son obviados por los agentes del Estado encargados de la lucha contraterrorista. Por estos motivos, el presente artículo analiza la operación de rescate de rehenes “Chavín de Huantar”, destinada a liberar a 72 personas secuestradas por el Movimiento Revolucionario “Tupac Amaru” (MRTA). El objetivo del estudio es adentrarse en el complejo ‘dilema’ referido a si en una ‘democracia liberal’ se puede considerar aceptable ‘combatir el terror con una violencia sin límites’ y si en esta época de terrorismo, podemos resistirnos a la tentación de ‘no tener piedad’. A nivel metodológico, se realiza una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica y un estudio de campo cuyos resultados permiten comprobar que no se puede otorgar concesiones a los terroristas en materia de toma de rehenes, pero si se debe priorizar el empleo de los recursos más apropiados para que los ciudadanos víctimas de este flagelo salgan ilesos de esta condición.
The relation between the foreign direct investments and the economic security in Latin America
Authors: Bolea Cosmin Gabriel
Published: October 2015

El objetivo principal del artículo es analizar la seguridad económica, entendida como estabilidad macroeconómica a través de las siguientes variables: la relación de los flujos de inversión extranjera directa en América Latina con el valor del índice de corrupción, el coeficiente GINI y el Producto Interior Bruto. La hipótesis parte del hecho de que cuanto mayor sea el coeficiente GINI y menor la puntuación en el ranking de corrupción según Transparency International, mayor inversión recibe el país y mayor es su nivel de seguridad económica aunque no es la única razón. Hemos demostrado empíricamente mediante un análisis econométrico que hay una fuerte correlación entre las variables mencionadas en caso de los países de América Latina, haciendo hincapié en los casos extremos de Uruguay y el de Venezuela y los más moderados de México y Brasil. Por lo que tenemos conocimiento no hay ningún estudio relacionado a la seguridad económica usando esta metodología para el caso de América Latina, donde al final se confirma la hipótesis planteada
La neutralidad activa, enfoque comparativo entre la política exterior colombiana y turca
Authors: Guerrero Turbay Marcela , Jaramillo Jassir Mauricio
Published: October 2015

En lo corrido del siglo, los gobiernos de Colombia y Turquía han emprendido una agresiva campaña en política exterior con el objeto de lograr reconocimiento internacional y visibilidad como actores de relevancia. Esta proyección debe entenderse en sus debidas proporciones, pues ninguno pretende convertirse en potencia regional porque carecen de atributos de poder para acceder a tal status y porque quieren evitar las responsabilidades que eso conlleva. Por ende, la opción más viable para lograr el reconocimiento como líderes o potencia emergentes, consiste en la neutralidad, acompasada de las posibilidades de mediación, y en su carácter de economías en crecimiento. El presente artículo de reflexión busca, por tanto, observar las posibilidades de Ankara y Bogotá a la luz de la neutralidad activa como elemento de atracción, y que se ha venido convirtiendo en derrotero de sus políticas exteriores.
A New Iterative Solution Technique for Reservoir Simulation Equations on Locally Refined Grids
Authors: Brand C. , Heinemann Z. E.
Published: October 2015

This paper presents an incomplete LU factorization (ILU) technique coupled with generalized conjugate gradient acceleration especially designed for linear equations resulting from locally refined grids. The factorization is based on a special ordering scheme. This repeated red black (RRB) ordering can cope with grid irregularities introduced by local refinement in a natural way. Moreover, it is a very effective scheme on regular grids. In this case, the condition number (measure for the rate of convergence) of the preconditioned linear system increases asymptotically more slowly with the number of grid blocks than for conventional ILU preconditionings. For large linear systems, this results in a smaller number of iterations necessary to reach convergence. This makes the method highly competitive compared with other techniques even on regular grids, although the new ordering scheme causes more overhead data handling than standard orderings.

Results for several idealized test cases (IMPES-type equations) are given showing the new method to be faster than standard iterative methods.
Modeling Reservoir Geometry With Irregular Grids
Authors: Heinemann Z. E. , Brand C. , Munka M. , Chen Y. M.
Published: October 2015

The widely used Cartesian coordinate grid has some disadvantages in the description of boundaries, faults and discontinuities. In addition, a five-point scheme can cause significant grid orientation effects. A nine-point scheme reduces this effect but makes the treatment of boundaries and heterogeneities more difficult.

Orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems have improved the modeling of reservoir shape and flow geometry. Mathematically they are based on a coordinate transformation and discretization of the transformed equations in the usual manner. Due to the lack of orthogonality additional mixed derivative terms are introduced which are difficult to discretize and therefore are usually neglected. However, because grid lines have to be coordinate lines, strictly orthogonal systems are not flexible enough to describe reservoirs of complicated shape.

This paper describes a practical method for using irregular or locally irregular grids in reservoir simulation with the advantages of flexible approximation of reservoir geometry, simple treatment of boundary conditions and reduced grid orientation effects.

Finite difference equations are set up by the so-called balance method. This method uses an integral formulation of the reservoir model equations equivalent to the commonly used differential equations. Integrating over grid blocks results in "balance equations" for each block. This can be done for various types of networks formed by triangles, convex quadrangles, polar meshes, curvilinear or locally refined grids. HEINRICHS1 has proved consistence for this discretization scheme. The mesh can be refined locally. Well locations can be selected as mesh points to ensure that they are situated in the center of grid blocks. For triangular grids, the more isotropic distribution of grid points diminishes the orientation effect significantly.

Numerical examples are presented comparing the proposed difference scheme with a nine-point Cartesian scheme. The performance of the method is illustrated by symmetry elements and complex simulation problems.
A Control Volume Finite Element Method for Local Mesh Refinement
Authors: Forsyth P. A.
Published: October 2015

This paper describes a control volume-finite element technique for coupling coarse grids with local fine meshes. The pressure is treated in a finite element manner, while the mobility terms are upstream weighted in the usual way. This requires identification of the cell volumes and edges which are consistent with the linear finite element discretization of the pressure. In order to ensure that the pressure equation yields an M-matrix, various conditions are required for the type of triangulation allowed. Since the form of the equations is similar to the usual finite difference discretization, standard techniques can be used to solve the Jacobian. The local mesh refinement method is demonstrated on some thermal reservoir simulation problems, and computational results presented. Significant savings in execution times are obtained while giving similar predictions to global fine mesh runs.
The Research on the Effect of the Food with Different Glycaemic Index and Glycaemic Load on the Immunity of Endurance Athletes
Authors: Li Dongmei
Published: October 2015

For studying the effect of eating the food containing carbohydrates with different glycaemic index and glycaemic load 2 hours before athletics on the exercise tolerance and immune function, select 10 men long-distance endurance athletes, use not completely random balance repeated testing methods, randomized complete the three endurance tests. And each test interval is not less than seven days. The results suggest that there is no apparent effect of eating the food containing carbohydrates with different glycaemic index and glycaemic load 2 hours before athletics on the exercise tolerance and immune function. Compared with the glycaemic index and glycaemic load of food, the carbohydrate content of the diet before athletics may be the more important factor affecting the immune response in endurance sports.
Research on Effects and Compatibility Taking of Different Sports
Supplements on the Biochemical Indicators and Body Functions of Elite
Walking Athletes
Authors: Jia Jia
Published: October 2015

Scientific training, elimination of fatigue, and reasonable nutrition are three important parts of successful training. The fatigue recovery and reasonable nutrition are especially of great significance to track and field endurance project. Our study proved that scientific nutritional intervention could improve performance of walking athletes. We selected 12 male and 12 female athletes, who are from the Chinese national walking team, to give the nutrition intervention of a kind of composite sports supplements for 9 weeks. The levels of serum testosterone (T), blood urea (BU), serum creative phosphokinase (CK) and some other indicators were tested during five training stages. we found that taking composite sports supplements can increase the T levels of male and female walking athletes, and promote the body protein synthesis and accelerate rapid recovery, reduce the levels of serum CK and BU abnormalities after the intensity training, and ensure the smooth completion of the training and a normal competitive level. The composite sports supplements can improve the biochemical indicators and improve the level of physical function.
Determination of the lipophilicity of 2'-hydroxychalcones by RP HPLC method
Authors: Basic Jasmina , Ivkovic Branka , Stevanovic Slavica , Lazarevic Andjelka , Vujic Zorica
Published: October 2015

Lipophilicity of twelve synthesized chalcones, whose ring B is a ortho, meta
or para monosubstituted with alkyl, oxyalkyl groups or halogens was
determined by reverse phase liquid chromatography, using
octadecyl-functionalized (RP-18) silica gel as a stationary phase and
two-component mixture of methanol/water as a mobile phase. Linear dependence
of logk? values of the volume fraction of methanol in the mobile phase was
determined for all analyzed compounds, with high coefficient of correlation
(r > 0.99). Extrapolation of the line to 0% methanol concentration resulted
in the capacity factor of chromatographic system where water is the mobile
phase (logkw). For five standard substances, chemically similar to chalcones,
logkw values were determined under experimental conditions and they were
correlated with logP values of those compounds available in the literature.
logPEXP values of synthesized chalcones were calculated on the basis of the
created standard curve. In order to estimate the relevance of the
experimentally obtained logP values for chalcones, correlation of logPEXP
values with the logP values obtained through various computational procedures
was performed using linear regression analysis. Statistical parameters of
dependence showed that the best matching of the results had been achieved
with ChemOffice program, suggesting that this program is suitable for
calculating logP values of newly-synthesized chalcones, as well as of
compounds structurally similar to chalcones.
Mentoring Ph.D. Students into Effective Teaching and Service: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Holder-Webb Lori , Trompeter Gregory M.
Published: October 2015

This article presents an overview and analysis of a set of papers that respond to a call for papers addressing the skills, other than those required for conducting research, that are critical for the professional success of doctoral students in accounting. While research proficiency is a key success factor for doctoral students at all types of institutions, long-term career success also requires proficiency in teaching and in related service areas such as performing peer-reviews of other scholars' work for journals and conferences. Three of the articles in this volume discuss programs that can be used to improve the teaching skills and effectiveness of doctoral students and fledgling faculty. Two of the articles in this volume address the skills required for improving the general body of research, and personal visibility within the profession, through discussing and reviewing papers. The final paper in the volume deals with how to manage the publication process, and contains valuable advice intended to prevent new faculty from abandoning publication efforts prematurely. We believe that the body of work represented in this volume will add value to doctoral education by supplementing the existing focus on performing research with the additional skills commonly required of members of the accounting academy.
The Impact of Between-Wave Engagement Strategies on Response to a Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Cleary Andrew , Balmer Nigel
Published: October 2015

Maintaining participant engagement in longitudinal surveys has been a key focus of survey research, and has implications for the quality of response and cost of administration. This paper presents new research measuring the impact of the design of between-wave keeping-in-touch mailings on response to the mailing and subsequent wave of a longitudinal survey. Three design attributes of the mailings were randomly implemented: the form of response request (whether respondents were asked to respond only if their address had changed, or in all cases to confirm or update their address); the newsletter included with the mailing (contrasting a newsletter with content tailored to respondent characteristics with a general newsletter and no newsletter); and the outgoing postage used (stamped or franked). The experiments were fielded on a new longitudinal study, the English and Welsh Civil and Social Justice Panel Survey (CSJPS), and took place between waves one and two. Fieldwork for both waves was conducted by Ipsos MORI face-to-face interviewers. Our main finding was that the tailored newsletter was associated with a significant increase in the wave-two response rate. However, in relation to response to the request, the tailored newsletter, or sending no newsletter at all, were equally effective at inducing response, and significantly better than the general newsletter. We also found that, in relation to the form of request, the ‘change of address’ request was as effective as the more costly ‘confirmation’ request. Findings are discussed with reference to the design of keeping-in-touch mailings for longitudinal surveys.
Grounding Consumer-brand Engagement: A field-driven conceptualisation
Authors: Graffigna Guendalina , Gambetti Rossella C.
Published: October 2015

Consumer-brand engagement (CBE) is a priority in the current marketing agenda. However, there is still a lack of empirically based studies appraising its essence. Hence our study is aimed at investigating the distinctive characteristics and the development phases of CBE. Our study adopted Grounded Theory methodology. Data were collected throughout semi-structured interviews on a theoretical sample of 41 Italian consumers of both genders, aged between 18 and 35, all having a favourite brand belonging to different market sectors. The evidence allowed us to build a conceptual framework of the CBE construct and of its development. This framework highlights that a brand is perceived by consumers as engaging when it is emotionally lived as a ‘life mate’. Furthermore CBE emerges as a dynamic process that evolves in three progressive relational phases: friendship, intimacy and symbiosis. Hence, to engage consumers, brands should get into their life, activating them both emotionally and physically, and establishing with them a deep and authentic relationship that gets increasingly intimate, private and exclusive over time. To achieve this goal, marketers should carry out a brand strategy based on brand personification, value-based affinity and affective bonding with consumers. The original value of our study lies in that it has been designed to anchor a new marketing concept such as CBE in the deep understanding of consumers’ meaning-making processes and relationship stories with a brand to get a comprehensive picture of the construct and how it develops that may better orientate current and future marketing practice.
Relating Brand Equity and Customer Equity: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Romero Jaime , Yagüe Maria Jesús
Published: October 2015

Brand equity and customer equity, respectively, constitute the value provided by brand and customer portfolios to companies. These are metrics of marketing performance in the long term, as well as key factors in firm valuation processes. However, their relation has not been empirically analysed to date. This study explores the connection between brand equity and customer equity. We employ a simultaneous equations model in which brand equity and customer equity depend on each other and also on marketing expenditures. We find that these metrics partially overlap, particularly in some industries. Hence, our results highlight the importance of implementing models that consider the interaction between them in order to obtain reliable measurements of the overall productivity of marketing actions. Additionally, our results suggest that the value of brands and customer portfolios should be jointly measured so as to obtain trustworthy assessments of firm value.
Using Choice Experiments to Find Double Jeopardy Patterns
Authors: Greenacre Luke , Tanusondjaja Arry , Dunn Steven , Page Bill
Published: October 2015

Double jeopardy is one of the most important empirical patterns of consumer brand purchase behaviour. It asserts that large brands benefit from having more consumers who are also generally more loyal. Traditional methods for detecting double jeopardy patterns in consumer purchasing behaviour rely heavily on the availability of panel data. Although alternative methods have been proposed, these too require large quantities of data, making them costly to implement for many managers and researchers. This study proposes a new method for detecting double jeopardy patterns that requires only small samples of data. Using the instant coffee market in the US to test this new method, it is shown that repeated discrete choice experiments can produce proximate measures to those used as inputs to double jeopardy calculations. This approach gives researchers an economical and easy method to test whether a market conforms to double jeopardy, allowing them to keep managers informed about the properties of consumer purchase behaviour in their markets.
Eliminating Order Effects in Association Tasks without using Randomisation
Authors: Durbach Ian , Lloyd Gareth
Published: October 2015

It has often been observed that changing an item's position in a list can substantially affect the probability that it is chosen. This paper assesses the magnitude of these so-called order effects in brand-attribute association tasks, and examines the confounding roles played by brand usage and question framing. While our main order effect is roughly the same as that observed for similar response formats, we find substantially larger order effects among users of a brand than non-users; and question frames that first ask respondents to create an attribute shortlist before making associations on this reduced set eliminate or greatly reduce the magnitude of the order effect and its interaction with brand usage. These simple modifications to question framings may be useful where randomisation is not feasible.
New Approach of Sucrose Myristate as a Promising Penetration Enhancer in Dermal Preparations
Authors: Balázs Boglárka , Csizmazia Eszter , Berkó Szilvia , Budai-Szűcs Mária , Szabó-Révész Piroska , Csányi Erzsébet
Published: October 2015

The aim of this work was to compare the penetration enhancer effect of newly developed sucrose myristate with the generally used sucrose laurate. Hydrogel formulations containing sucrose esters (SEs) were prepared and the model drug was Ibuprofen (IBU), which has oral side effects, so applying it in a transdermal system could be useful. We evaluated the effect of SE hydrogel formulations on the skin by the noninvasive in vivo test and examined their concentration dependent influence on the penetration of IBU through a synthetic membrane (in vitro) by the Franz cell method. The results indicated that sucrose myristate incorporated into hydrogel moistures the skin well and lastingly and showed a better drug penetration enhancing effect at a much lower concentration compared to sucrose laurate. Our results revealed that sucrose myristate could be a promising and effective penetration enhancer in the pharmaceutical field.
Synthesis and Spectrophotometric Study of Toxic Metals Extraction by Novel Thio-Based Non-Ionic Surfactant
Authors: Ullah Imdad , Shah Afzal , Khan Musharaf , Khan Shahan Zeb , ur-Rehman Zia , Badshah Amin
Published: October 2015

A new thio-based non-ionic surfactant 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-te-tradecanoylthiourea has been synthesized from potassium thiocyanate, tetradecanoyl chloride and 3-chloroanaline. The purity of the compound was characterized by techniques like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR. The compound was used to detect the toxic metals like copper, mercury and manganese by using UV-Visible spectrophotometric technique. The compound is able to act as a ligand as well to form micelles. Due to this the compound extracts these toxic metals in form of solubilization and complexation. The extracted metals settle down to the bottom in a water tank. The visible change in color with time proves the interaction of the compound with the metals. The compound having carbonyl as well as sulfur groups have soft corner to metal for complexation. This will be used to remove toxic metals from polluted soil and soft drinking surface and underground water. The surfactant is easily synthesized, very economical and environmentally acceptable. The CMC of the surfactant is also determined.
Eco-favourable Mobile Phase in Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Surfactants: Resolution of Coexisting Alkyl Dimethylbenzyl Ammonium Chloride, Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide and Triton X 100
Authors: Mohammad Ali , Mobin Rizwana
Published: October 2015

A thin-layer chromatographic system comprising of silica gel as stationary phase and a mixture of methanol, 0.1 % aqueous sodium thiocyanate, acetone and ethyl acetate in 7 : 3 : 2 : 3 ratio as eco-favourable mobile phase has been found most efficient for the separation of ternary mixture of surfactants (alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC) + cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) + Triton X 100). The separation pattern has been presented as densitogram. Chromatographic parameters like ΔRF, separation factor (α) and resolution (RS) for the separation have been calculated. The effect of the presence of foreign substances such as metal cations, metal anions, amino acids and vitamins as impurities on the separation has been examined. The mobility trend of the separated surfactants was also examined by replacing methanol with other alcohols. The detection limits for ADBAC, CTAB and Triton X 100 have been determined. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the identification of ADBAC in the household cleaning product “Lizol”.
Temperature reconstruction from glacier length fluctuations in the Himalaya
Authors: Banerjee Argha , Azam Mohd Farooq
Published: October 2015

A temperature reconstruction in the glacierized Himalaya over the past centuries using glacial length fluctuation records is challenging due to the abundance of debris-covered glaciers and a scarcity of glacial length fluctuation data. Using idealized flowline model simulations, we show that supraglacial debris cover significantly alters the length fluctuations only when the debris cover is very thick. An expanded database of length fluctuation records for 43 glaciers in the Himalaya and Karakoram is compiled and a standard linear inversion procedure is applied to a subset of 34 glaciers in this database. The reconstructed temperature anomaly during 1860-2010 indicates a continued warming of the region with a total temperature change of ~1.6 K. A close resemblance of the regional temperature anomaly to global trends is seen.
Configurational energy and the formation of mixed flowing/powder snow and ice avalanches
Authors: Bartelt Perry , Buser Othmar , Vera Valero Cesar , Bühler Yves
Published: October 2015

A long-standing problem in avalanche dynamics is to model the flow of a mixed flowing/powder avalanche. Here we use the thermodynamic concept of configurational energy to describe the blow-out of air from the avalanche core. Configurational energy is the mean potential energy associated with the location of snow and ice particles in the avalanche core. As such, configurational energy determines the avalanche flow density. Expansion of the particle ensemble reduces the flow density and leads to the intake of air. Compression of the particle ensemble causes the blow-out of the intaken air, now laden with ice dust. Once formed, the cloud moves independently of the flowing avalanche with the initial momentum acquired in the core. Configurational energy changes in the avalanche core are therefore intimately related to the formation of the powder suspension cloud. In this paper we use the concept of configurational energy to predict the mass of air taken into and blown out of the core. This requires calculating the dispersive pressure arising from random particle movements and configuration changes related to the expansion and collapse of the flowing particle ensemble. The ice avalanche that struck the Everest base camp on 25 April 2015 is simulated using the proposed concept.
In vitro thrombolytic, anthelmintic, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activity with phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Xanthium indicum leaves
Authors: Ghosh Antara , Banik Sujan , Islam Md. Ariful
Published: October 2015

Xanthium indicum is an important medicinal plant traditionally used in Bangladesh as a folkloric treatment. The current study was undertaken to evaluate thrombolytic, anthelmintic, anti-oxidant, cytotoxic properties with phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of X. indicum leaves. The analysis of phytochemical screening confirmed the existence of phytosetrols and diterpenes. In thrombolytic assay, a significant clot lysis was observed at four concentrations of plant extract compare to the positive control streptokinase (30,000 IU, 15,000 IU) and negative control normal saline. The extract revealed potent anthelmintic activity at different concentrations. In anti-oxidant activity evaluation by two potential experiments namely total phenolic content determination and free radical scavenging assay by 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the leaves extract possess good anti-oxidant property. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the crude extract showed potent (LC50 1.3 μg/mL) cytotoxic activity compare to the vincristine sulfate as a positive control (LC50 0.8 μg/mL). 

 
The Ages of a Woman and the Middle Ages
Authors: Chuilleanáin Eiléan Ní
Published: October 2015

This essay springs from the experience of translating the Old Irish ‘Song of the Woman of Beare’, and from researching its reception in the twentieth century. The poem was rediscovered in the 1890s and the scholarly reaction is tinged with Victorian preoccupations, including the bohemian cult of François Villon. In Ireland it is aligned with Pearse's ‘Mise Éire’, and with the work of later poets such as Austin Clarke. But as well as voicing the ancient text, the Woman of Beare appears in folklore in both Ireland and Scotland, and there are interesting parallels and divergences between the traditions of scholarship and the figure in the popular imagination. My account of the impact of both text and myth shows a development through the mid-twentieth century and into the twenty-first, in the work of poets writing in both Irish and English. In recent decades the work of women poets has engaged with the myths of the Cailleach as Goddess, and they have thus confronted questions of the legitimacy of treating the past, and especially mythology and folk beliefs, as a source for poetry. I believe it would be foolish for a poet who has the knowledge and critical intelligence to do it properly to ignore such a resource.
‘The Answer … is Yes and No’: John Banville, Henry James, and The Ambassadors
Authors: Powell Kersti Tarien
Published: October 2015

Late twentieth- and early twenty-first century fiction has witnessed a surge of interest in Henry James, his life and works. Most of these recent Jamesian (re-)engagements are concerned with the body, with James's (still) questionable homosexuality, or with his direct involvement in the literary marketplace. John Banville's 1984 novella, The Newton Letter, is a literary forerunner of this renewed preoccupation with James and Jamesian concerns in contemporary fiction. Differing from more recent novels such as Colm Tóibín's The Master (2004) and David Lodge's Author, Author (2004), Banville's engagement with James does not centre around the portrayal of sexuality or accrued literary/monetary capital. Rather, Banville follows James in his concern with unstable and indeterminate meaning. This essay establishes that indeterminacy through an investigation of the novella's rich textual and intertextual archive. Hitherto critics have commonly assumed the novella's intertextual centre to lie in the works of Hugo von Hoffmanstahl and Wolfgang Goethe. By uncovering its composition history and studying the unpublished materials relating to the project, this essay demonstrates Banville's ongoing engagement with Jamesian concerns, most importantly with tropes of reading and/or writing, and the construction of subjectivity through these tropes.
Subjectivity as Espionage: The Dark Legacy of Modernism in John Banville's The Untouchable
Authors: Borg Darren J.
Published: October 2015

John Banville's The Untouchable functions as a critique of subjectivity after modernism, specifically theories of the decentred subject. The narrator of the book, Victor Maskell, is a fictionalized version of English art historian and Soviet spy Anthony Blunt, and through this fictional memoir, Banville offers a portrait of the self with a terrible absence at its centre, implicating modernism's suspicion that the subject, or cogito, is a discursive fiction as the source of Maskell's treason and nihilism. At the heart of Maskell's identity is the death drive, the ‘blind automatism of repetition beyond pleasure seeking’ (in Slavoj Zizek's terms) that confounds the subject such as Maskell, in search of a ‘true self’, and makes life an absurd black comedy. Through his original narrator, who represents a fiction of a fiction of a fiction – Maskell/Blunt/cogito – Banville suggests that the only authentic existence may indeed lie in deception.
Remembering and Dismembering: Ciaran Carson's Elegies for Belfast
Authors: Marklew Naomi
Published: October 2015

This essay considers poems from two of Ciaran Carson's recent volumes of poetry, Breaking News and Until Before After, both in terms of their poetic form and their relationship to the traditional genre of elegy. The themes of memory and memorialisation are explored within poems that are often formally fragmentary and can seem to be dismembering rather than remembering the city of Belfast. The essay suggests that Carson's poetic techniques, particularly in his repeated use of the trope of cartography or mapping, might reflect psychological theories of ‘cognitive mapping’ as a method of memorialising Belfast. Following Edna Longley's suggestion that Carson writes as a ‘post-traditional’ poet, it explores his unique contribution to the development of the contemporary elegy, by tracing the lines of inheritance and subversion from the traditions of the genre. Furthermore, by focusing on work from the mature stage of the poet's career, it also considers how Carson's poetic identity is linked to the city, and how the formal development of his poetry takes place alongside an increased awareness of the poet's need for memorialisation in the face of the dismembering threat of death.
A Conversion Disorder
Authors: Jackson Sarah
Published: October 2015

Interrogating the relationship between reading, writing and ‘conversion disorder’, this creative-critical essay explores the eversion of the glove in the work of Woolf, Genet, Freud and Derrida. Gathering together reflections on gloves and glove anaesthesia, doubles and pairs, and flowers and the death knell (glas), it offers a series of literary, philosophical and psychoanalytic conversions in order to return to and rethink the question of ‘disorder’.
Conversion Tables
Authors: Bostock Camilla
Published: October 2015

Derrida invites us to the table: to read on and with it—but also, perhaps, to join him in turning wildly upon its worn-down surface, like some untameable animal. In this essay, which conjures forth two (or more) tables of reading from The Beast and the Sovereign: Volume I and Spectres of Marx, we will see how a piece of furniture leaps up on its four feet and dances, turns into a kind of heraldic dog: a subjectile summons an elephant's spectre, or a lump of living-dead flesh: tables spin by themselves, they telephone each other and tell stories that have little or no relation to the human animal or to anthropocentric thinking. Derrida lets them turn and speak, not in the name or voice of theory, philosophy or rhetoric, but rather in some new, inapparent and as-yet unheard of scene of conversion.
Is Wildlife Fertility Control Always Humane?
Authors: Hampton Jordan , Hyndman Timothy , Barnes Anne , Collins Teresa
Published: October 2015

Investigation of fertility control techniques to reduce reproductive rates in wildlife populations has been the source of much research. Techniques targeting wildlife fertility have been diverse. Most research into fertility control methods has focused upon efficacy, with few studies rigorously assessing animal welfare beyond opportunistic anecdote. However, fertility control techniques represent several very different mechanisms of action (modalities), each with their own different animal welfare risks. We provide a review of the mechanisms of action for fertility control methods, and consider the role of manipulation of reproductive hormones (“endocrine suppression”) for the long-term ability of animals to behave normally. We consider the potential welfare costs of animal manipulation techniques that are required to administer fertility treatments, including capture, restraint, surgery and drug delivery, and the requirement for repeated administration within the lifetime of an animal. We challenge the assumption that fertility control modalities generate similar and desirable animal welfare outcomes, and we argue that knowledge of reproductive physiology and behaviour should be more adeptly applied to wild animal management decisions. We encourage wildlife managers to carefully assess long-term behavioural risks, associated animal handling techniques, and the importance of positive welfare states when selecting fertility control methods as a means of population control.
Improving Occupant Wellness in Commercial Office Buildings through Energy Conservation Retrofits
Authors: McArthur J. , Jofeh Chris , Aguilar Ann-Marie
Published: October 2015

There is increasing literature demonstrating the link between building indoor environmental quality, and occupant health and productivity, driving the corporate real estate industry to investigate how to integrate wellness features in both new and existing building stock. Meanwhile, new voluntary standards to promote occupant health are becoming adopted alongside sustainability standards. As commercial building owners and tenants seek to improve occupant conditions and incorporate wellness, apparently conflicting priorities must be balanced, particularly improving indoor environmental conditions has the potential to increase energy. This paper presents a framework to consider retrofits holistically and considering the benefit of improved conditions both qualitatively and quantitatively. Where poor conditions exist, published literature demonstrates a lost productivity cost that exceeds typical building energy costs, and this is quantified in the financial analysis presented. Energy retrofits provide a unique opportunity to integrate wellness-enabling features because the energy savings can offset marginal energy or operating cost increases for particular wellness interventions. This paper presents a flexible, customizable framework to develop potential retrofit bundles and evaluate them considering economic, sustainability, wellness, risk and occupant experience factors to identify the optimal zone of retrofit. An illustrative case study using real building data demonstrates how the framework might be applied to a real project and customized to achieve unique stakeholder priorities.
CFD and Experimental Study on the Effect of Progressive Heating on Fluid Flow inside a Thermal Wind Tunnel
Authors: Chaudhry Hassam , Calautit John , Hughes Ben , Sim Lik
Published: October 2015

A detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental investigation into characterizing the fluid flow and thermal profiles in a wind tunnel was carried out, highlighting the effect of progressive heating on the non-uniformity flow profile of air. Using controllable electrical heating elements, the operating temperatures in the test-section were gradually increased in order to determine its influence on the subsequent velocity and thermal profiles found inside the test-section. The numerical study was carried out using CFD FLUENT code, alongside validating the experimental results. Good correlation was observed as the comparison yielded a mean error of 6.4% for the air velocity parameter and 2.3% for the air temperature parameter between the two techniques. The good correlation established between the numerically predicted and experimentally tested results identified broad scope for using the advanced computational capabilities of CFD applicable to the thermal modeling of wind tunnels. For a constant temperature process, the non-uniformity and turbulence intensity in the test section was 0.9% and 0.5%, which is under the recommended guidelines for wind tunnels. The findings revealed that the increase in temperature from 20 °C to 50 °C reduced the velocity by 15.2% inside the test section.
A New Building-Integrated Wind Turbine System Utilizing the Building
Authors: Park Jeongsu , Jung Hyung-Jo , Lee Seung-Woo , Park Jiyoung
Published: October 2015

This paper proposes an innovative building-integrated wind turbine (BIWT) system by directly utilizing the building skin, which is an unused and unavailable area in all conventional BIWT systems. The proposed system has been developed by combining a guide vane that is able to effectively collect the incoming wind and increase its speed and a rotor with an appropriate shape for specific conditions. To this end, several important design issues for the guide vane as well as the rotor were thoroughly investigated and accordingly addressed in this paper. A series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses was performed to determine the optimal configuration of the proposed system. Finally, it is demonstrated from performance evaluation tests that the prototype with the specially designed guide vane and rotor for the proposed BIWT system accelerates the wind speed to a sufficient level and consequently increases the power coefficient significantly. Thus, it was confirmed that the proposed system is a promising environment-friendly energy production system for urban areas.