bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fatal case of fulminant group: a streptococcal infection in a neonate
Authors: Satoh Fumiko , Irie Wataru , Sasaki Chizuko , Ochiai Eriko , Kondo Maho
Published: June 2023

Background

Fulminant hemolytic streptococcal infection is a condition of sudden onset and rapidly progressing septic shock caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. It causes beta (complete) hemolysis. Although type A Streptococcus occurs more frequently, all streptococci that cause beta-hemolysis are eligible as causes. This report describes a rare autopsy case of fulminant group A streptococcal infection in a neonate.

Case presentation

A 16-day-old girl, 3300 g, born by spontaneous delivery at 41 weeks 1 day, experienced a 1-day history of low-grade fever, malaise, and a few hours of cyanosis and anuria, prompting her parents to bring her to the hospital. Her eldest brother, who lived with her, had been infected with Streptococcus approximately one month earlier, and had been treated with ten days of antibiotics. The infant died three hours after presentation. Autopsy findings indicated her to be 52 cm in length, weighing 3585 g, with medium build and normal nutrition. Her lungs were slightly oligemic with decreased volumes. The liver and kidneys were mildly enlarged. The spleen was markedly enlarged. The adrenal glands showed diffuse cortical hemorrhage (Fig. 1). There was some thymic atrophy (thymus weight 7.4 g, < 1 SD below the mean). Histopathological findings included chronic and neutrophilic infiltration of the tonsils and multiple septic emboli containing cocci in the lungs. Perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates were observed in the lungs, myocardium, kidneys, adrenal glands, brain, meninges, and liver, with micro-necrotic changes in the kidneys and liver. Fibrin thrombi were observed in multiple renal glomeruli. Hemophagocytosis by macrophages was observed in the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and adrenal glands. Immunostaining showed positive results for group A Streptococcus antibody in the tonsils, with bacterial masses. Blood cultures were positive for group A Streptococcus pyogenes.

Conclusions

Because of the lower respiratory tract infection and suspected sibling transmission, in addition to the adrenal hemorrhages, a diagnosis of fulminant sepsis with group A Streptococcus pyogenes with associated Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome was made.
Interleukin 8 in children with obstructive sleep apnea before and after adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Abdelmonem Nourhan I. , Tabbakh Mohammed T. El , Farid Alaa M. , Rashwan Mohamed S.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To assess serum interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels after adenotonsillectomy in children with symptoms suggestive for OSA.

Study design

Prospective interventional study.

Settings

The study was carried out on 30 children with OSA attending ENT clinic of Suez Canal University Hospital.

Methods

Including, children with sleep-related chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and OSA symptoms performed an elective adenotonsillectomy, and aged (3–12 years). Excluding, children with acute tonsillitis, cardiorespiratory, craniofacial, or diseases affecting IL-8 level as cystic fibrosis, COVID-19 patients, and hepatitis C, taking drugs affecting IL-8 level as benzodiazepines or glutamine supplementation. Children were subjected to full history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Nocturnal pulse oximetry (ChoiceMMed) was performed (48–72 h preoperative and 3–4 weeks postoperative) used to determine the number of 4% dips in saturation from baseline, and the nadir saturation (nSAT). IL-8 was measured 1 month pre-operative and 1 month post-operative by flow cytometry using the Human Inflammatory Cytometric Bead Array kit.

Results

The mean preoperative IL-8 (237.55 p/ml) and oxygen desaturation index (7.77%)cwere statistically significantly higher than mean postoperative IL-8 (207.98 p/ml) and oxygen desaturation index (2.90). The mean pre-operative SpO2 is 98.27 ranged (96.00–100.0%), while the mean postoperative SpO2 is 98.77 ranged (97.00–100.0%), with no statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.069). Preoperative IL-8 (p/ml), postoperative IL-8 (p/ml), and preoperative SpO2 (%) were found to be negatively correlated with IL-8 change.

Conclusion

IL-8 level significantly decreased after adenotonsillectomy in children with symptoms suggestive for OSA.
A Plea for the Insane by Lionel Weatherly
Authors: Hilton Claire
Published: June 2023

In A Plea for the Insane (1918), Lionel Weatherly outlined the inadequacies of the Lunacy Act 1890 and of asylum care in England and Wales, and proposed solutions and ways to bring about improvements. It took courage to persist, but Weatherly was undeterred by controversy or criticism. This article reflects on his book and its context and timing at the end of the First World War, and considers whether we may be inspired to confront current healthcare crises with the same sort of passion and fervour as he did.
Improving the Quality of the Delivery of Nutritional Care Among Children Undergoing Treatment for Cancer in a Low- and Middle-Income Country
Authors: Damasco-Avila Erika , Zelaya Sagastizado Stephany , Carrillo María , Blanco Jessica , Fu Ligia , Espinoza Darrell , Ladas Elena J.
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE

International twinning programs have been well-established between institutions in childhood cancer and have led to pediatric cancer units in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) adopting multidisciplinary forms of care. To advance nutritional care in LMICs, the International Initiative for Pediatrics and Nutrition (IIPAN) provided the structural framework and personnel for the delivery of nutritional care. We describe the impact of a newly established nutrition program on the delivery of nutritional care and nutrition-related clinical outcomes in children and adolescents undergoing treatment for cancer in Nicaragua and Honduras.

METHODS

A prospective cohort (N = 126) collected clinical data over a 2-year period. Collection of IIPAN's nutritional services received during treatment and clinical data were abstracted from medical charts and registered in Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database. Chi-square, ANOVA, and generalized linear mixed models were used; P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

Nutritional assessments led to a higher number of patients receiving recommended standard of care. Children classified as underweight during treatment presented higher number of infections and toxicities, length of hospital stay, and days of treatment delays during treatment. Overall, from the start to end of treatment, 32.5% of patients improved nutritional status, 35.7% maintained it, and 17.5% worsened. On the basis of metrics, the cost per consultation was less than 4.80 US dollars (USD; Honduras) and 1.60 USD (Nicaragua).

CONCLUSION

Integration and equitable access of the nutritional care process for all patients needs to be recognized as a component of the basic management in pediatric oncology care. IIPAN's nutritional program demonstrates that nutritional care is economical and feasible in a limited resource setting.
Prudential Policy with Distorted Beliefs
Authors: Dávila Eduardo , Walther Ansgar
Published: June 2023

This paper studies leverage regulation when equity investors and/or creditors have distorted beliefs relative to a planner. We characterize how the optimal regulation responds to arbitrary changes in investors’/creditors’ beliefs, relating our results to practical scenarios. We show that the optimal regulation depends on the type and magnitude of such changes. Optimism by investors calls for looser leverage regulation, while optimism by creditors, or jointly by both investors/creditors, calls for tighter leverage regulation. Our results apply to environments with (i) planners with imperfect knowledge of investors’/creditors’ beliefs, (ii) monetary policy, (iii) bailouts and pecuniary externalities, and (iv) endogenous beliefs. (JEL D62, D83, E52, G01, G21, G28, H81)
Αμφισημίες και έμφυλες ανατροπές στη χειροτεχνία
Authors: Μπονάρου Άννα
Published: June 2023

Η διατριβή εστιάζει στις τέχνες / χειροτεχνίες του νήματος ως υλικές, σωματικοαισθητηριακές εμπειρίες που συγκροτούν έμφυλες υποκειμενικότητες και κοινωνικότητες. Στο πρώτο μέρος του κειμένου, το ενδιαφέρον επικεντρώνεται στη μικροκλίμακα των σωματικοαισθητηριακών εμπειριών που ανακύπτουν στο πλαίσιο κάποιων συγκεκριμένων χειροτεχνικών πρακτικών: πλέξιμο με βελόνες, μετρητό κέντημα, υφαντική σε οριζόντιο αργαλειό. Οι κινήσεις των χεριών, οι αφές των δαχτύλων, οι στάσεις των σωμάτων, τα βλέμματα κ.λπ., εξετάζονται ως κιναισθητικές εμπειρίες που διαφέρουν ανάλογα με τις υλικοτεχνικές παραμέτρους της κάθε τεχνικής. Διαπιστώνεται, για παράδειγμα, ότι το πλέξιμο συμβάλλει περισσότερο στη συσχέτιση και επικοινωνία των χειροτεχνισσών σε εξωοικιακούς χώρους, σε αντίθεση με την υφαντική σε οριζόντιο αργαλειό ή με το μετρητό κέντημα που δημιουργούν μια πιο απομονωτική εμπειρία. Στο δεύτερο μέρος του κειμένου, το ενδιαφέρον μετατοπίζεται από το μεμονωμένο υποκείμενο στις χειροτεχνικές συλλογικότητες, εξετάζοντας τις σχέσεις των χειροτεχνισσών τόσο σε φυσικούς χώρους (πχ. εμπορικά καταστήματα, σχολές, καφετέριες κ.λπ.) όσο και εικονικούς (πχ. ομάδες χειροτεχνισσών στο Facebook). Η συντροφική ενασχόληση με το εργόχειρο ερμηνεύεται ως μια πρακτική που μετασχηματίζει τον χρόνο από μη χρήσιμο σε χρήσιμο και από μη κοινωνικό σε κοινωνικό, «βγάζοντας» τις γυναίκες από τα συνήθη όρια τόσο του σπιτιού όσο και των κοινωνικών γνωριμιών. Το σύγχρονο εργόχειρο ως γυναικεία δράση στο δημόσιο χώρο αποτελεί για τις χειροτέχνισσες ένα πεδίο κοινωνικής αναγνώρισης και απόκτησης φήμης, καθώς και πολιτικής ενδυνάμωσης. Στο τρίτο μέρος του κειμένου, η εθνογραφία ακολουθεί το νήμα, καθώς αυτό μετασχηματίζεται σε χειροποίητο τέχνημα: σε πλεκτό ρούχο και σε διακοσμητικό εργόχειρο οικιακού χώρου. Ως εκ τούτου, οι χειροτεχνίες του νήματος μελετώνται, όχι στο πλαίσιο του «παράγω», αλλά του «καταναλώνω». Μελετώντας διάφορες καταναλωτικές πρακτικές (ένδυση, διακόσμηση σπιτιού, φροντίδα και συντήρηση, μεταβίβαση εργοχείρων κ.λπ) διαπιστώνεται μια κοινή στάση των χειροτεχνισσών απέναντι στην υλικότητα, που συνοψίζεται στην έννοια της φροντίδας. Η έννοια αυτή βιώνεται καθημερινά μέσα από το σώμα, και ιδιαίτερα μέσα από τα επιδέξια χέρια, τα οποία προσδίδοντας αξία στην ύλη συγκροτούν μια χειροπιαστή κοσμοθεωρία. Η έρευνα αντλεί θεωρητικά ερείσματα από τις νεότερες ανθρωπολογικές προσεγγίσεις του υλικού πολιτισμού. Η μεθοδολογία βασίστηκε αφενός στην έννοια της πολυτοπικής εθνογραφίας και αφετέρου στην πραξεολογική θεώρηση, δηλαδή στη διευρυμένη κατανόηση των ανθρώπων ως σύνθετών αισθητικοκινητικών υποκειμενικότητων που κινούνται στο χώρο και ενσωματώνουν στοιχεία του υλικού περιβάλλοντος.
Effects of 7September 5–12, 2017 solar flares on regional disturbance of Earth’s ionosphere as recorded by GNSS stations located in the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation
Authors: Maksimov Denis , Kogogin Denis , Nasyrov Igor , Zagretdinov Renat
Published: June 2023

The paper presents the results of estimation of the effects of September 5–12, 2017 solar flares on the regional disturbance of Earth's ionosphere according to data from a distributed network of GNSS stations located mostly in the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation. The GNSS data processing software package we have developed is used to analyze recorded signal power and daily two-frequency phase measurements, as well as to calculate the total electron content and map the data. The results of the study show that during powerful solar flares X2.2 and X9.3 on September 6 the median value of the total electron content, calculated for the Volga Federal District, increased up to 0.25 TECU and 0.6 TECU respectively. At that time, the region of interest (40°–55° E) was sunlit. The prolonged magnetic storms on September 8 also generated noticeable ionospheric disturbances up to 0.2 TECU. At the same time, neither the solar flares nor the magnetic storms had a significant effect on the power characteristics of the recorded signals from navigation satellites in the region under study. The median carrier-to-noise ratio calculated for the region considered over the entire observation period did not differ from the values recorded under undisturbed ionospheric conditions and varied between 47–53 dBHz and 38–49 dBHz for frequencies L1 and L2 respectively.
Peculiarities of medium parameter dynamics and cosmic ray density in strong Forbush decreases associated with magnetic clouds
Authors: Petukhova Anastasia , Petuhov Ivan , Petukhov Stanislav , Gotovtsev Ilya
Published: June 2023

Diffusion and electromagnetic mechanisms determine the formation of sporadic Forbush decreases. The diffusion mechanism affects the Forbush decrease amplitude in the turbulent layer, and the part of the coronal mass ejection preceding the magnetic cloud, and its efficiency depends on the level of magnetic field turbulence. The electromagnetic mechanism works in a magnetic cloud, and its efficiency depends on the intensity of regular magnetic and electric fields. We analyze solar wind parameters and cosmic ray density, using the superposed epoch analysis. In 1996–2006, 23 strong Forbush decreases (amplitude >5 %) were detected. The average amplitude of 7 % is equally formed by both mechanisms. The events can be divided into 2 groups depending on the contribution of the mechanisms to Forbush decrease amplitude. Group 1 includes the strongest Forbush decreases (amplitude=8.5 %), formed by both diffusion and electromagnetic mechanisms. The diffusion mechanism forms 0.26 amplitude, and the electromagnetic mechanism is responsible for 0.74 one. In group 2, the averege amplitude Forbush decrease =5.7 %, the diffusion mechanism forms 0.79 of amplitude; and the electromagnetic one, 0.21. The spatial distributions of the mean values of the medium parameters in the region of disturbances in the groups differ. This difference can be explained by the fact that Forbush decrease amplitude in groups 1 and 2 are formed in the central and peripheral parts of coronal mass ejection respectively.
Ionospheric electric potential as an alternative indicator of solar effect on the lower atmosphere
Authors: Karahanyan Ashkhen , Molodykh Sergey
Published: June 2023

We have explored the possibility of applying the ionospheric electric potential (EP) as a parameter describing the effects of solar activity on the troposphere. We calculated EP, using the semi-empirical model, where the potential spatial distribution is determined by solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field parameters, and the geomagnetic activity index AL. We have carried out a comparative analysis of EP and the commonly used geomagnetic activity indices in a high-latitude region for 1975–2019. It has been shown that EP can be used as an indicator of solar activity since it describes both short-period disturbances and long-term variations. The revealed similar trends in long-term EP variations and near-surface temperature suggest that the changes in climate system parameters are induced by slower changes in the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field. The performed analysis of EP and near-surface temperature correlation maps has revealed that the atmospheric static stability conditions have an effect on spatial distribution of tropospheric response to solar impact.
El abordaje de ChatGPT: el “Rinoceronte Gris” de la IA conversacional.
Authors: García Sánchez María Dolores
Published: June 2023

Desde que hizo su aparición en noviembre de 2022, ChatGPT ha ocupado la atención tanto de medios en línea como tradicionales. Un “rinoceronte gris” que venía dando signos de su presencia en las últimas décadas, pero que no ha sido ni atendido ni abordado adecuadamente antes de convertirse en una realidad. Esta laguna ha propiciado diferentes reacciones ante un modelo que, si bien puede ser útil en determinados contextos y haciendo un uso responsable del mismo, no se haya exento de riesgos. En el presente estudio, examinaremos el estado de la cuestión del fenómeno de ChatGPT en diferentes entornos –Italia, España y la Unión Europea– con la finalidad de apreciar la apremiante necesidad de contar con unas líneas básicas regulatorias para que una IA de este tipo pueda implementarse en el mercado sin atentar contra los derechos fundamentales de los usuarios y minimice los potenciales peligros inherentes a su uso.
Una teorización de un enfoque fundamentado en los derechos humanos a la protección de la biodiveridad y su justiciabilidad en la jurisprudencia nacional e internacional.
Authors: Fanni Simona
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo expone los resultados conseguidos en el marco de un proyecto de investigación sobre la protección de la biodiversidad desde el punto de vista de los derechos humanos. En particular, el presente estudio se inspira en la jurisprudencia ambiental sobre los derechos de la Naturaleza y en la jurisprudencia climática que se destaca por una serie de rasgos emblemáticos, tales como: el empleo de los derechos humanos y constitucionales para evaluar el cumplimento de las obligaciones estatales que se derivan del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y del derecho ambiental internacional; el lenguaje de la equidad intrageneracional e intrergeneracional; una novedosa concepción de la extraterritorialidad. A este respecto, el presente estudio analiza las decisiones nacionales e internacionales más significativas, y teoriza que los resultados obtenidos por la jurisprudencia considerada podrían ser beneficiosos para la protección de la biodiversidad y su justiciabilidad, incluso mediante el diálogo judicial multinivel.
Ciberpatrullaje en el medio virtual. Delimitando conceptos.
Authors: Tavora Serra Manuel
Published: June 2023

Con el presente trabajo, queremos realizar una aproximación conceptual a la actividad que desarrollan en el medio virtual las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado en cumplimiento de sus funciones de prevención e investigación de los comportamientos delictivos sin control jurisdiccional previo, distinguiendo entre el ciberpatrullaje, cuando dicha actividad tiene lugar con carácter previo a un proceso penal, y la ciberinvestigación, cuando tiene lugar en el marco de un proceso penal previamente incoado.
Cyberbullying among University Students during the E-learning Transformation Era: The Role of the Student-Teacher Relationship and Virtual Classroom Community
Authors: Sayed Samiha , AbuElEla Lucy , Sarhan Ahlam , El Demerdash Doaa
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The current study assesses cyberbullying among university students and explores the role of the student-teacher relationship and virtual classroom community. Methods: A descriptive exploratory study on four randomly selected colleges at Damanhour University/Egypt. Participants were recruited conveniently using an equal allocation of 150 students/college (600 students). The European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ), Rovai's Classroom Community Scale (RCCS), and the Student Version of The Teacher-Student Relationship Inventory (S-STRI) were used for data collection. Results: Low cyber victimization was reported by 66.5% of the students, while 39.8% reported low cyberaggression behaviors. The highest percent reported average virtual class connectedness (77.3%), learning experience (70.3%), and overall virtual classroom community (80.8%). Besides, highly satisfying teacher relationships (82.3%); average (38.8%) and low (35.8%) instrumental help; low conflict (68.0%); and average total teacher-student relationship (70.5%). Regression analysis revealed that the increased scores of the total teacher-student relationship scale (p<0.05) with its two domains [satisfaction and instrumental help (p<0.01)] and the total classroom community scale (p<0.05) with its domains [connectedness (p<0.01) and learning experience (p<0.05)] decreased the likelihood of cyber victimization and cyberaggression. However, perceived conflicting teacher relationships increased the likelihood of cyber victimization (p<0.05) and cyberaggression (p<0.01).Conclusion: Cyberbullying is a concern among university students, and the students’ perceived nature of their relationships with their teachers and sense of virtual classroom community play a pivotal role in shaping their involvement in cyberaggression and exposure to cyber victimization. Thus, developing mass media campaigns to enhance awareness about cyberbullying and cyber civility regulations is recommended.
The Prediction Model of Body Image Distortion in Korean Adolescent in the Era of COVID-19 Using Decision Tree Analysis
Authors: Han Myeunghee
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Body image distortion (BID) in adolescents is a crucial problem that causes both abnormal eating habits and unhealthy weight control behaviors. COVID-19 has had a negative impact on adolescents’ psychological and behavioral status, and this might influence the onset of BID in adolescents. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for BID in Korean adolescents using decision tree analysis. Methods: The decision tree analysis was used to develop a prediction model for BID in Korean adolescents using the data of 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Web-based (KYRBS). Results: In the present study, about one-third of the study subjects (31%, n=6,316) showed BID. The BID rate was higher in females (37.2%, node1) than in males (21.2%, node2). Female students with severe GAD-7 level and smartphone use on the weekend over 12h showed the highest rate of BID (66.9%). As to males, the BID rate was the highest (33.1%) among middle school male students who did strength training once a week or none. Conclusion: In order to reduce BID, there is a need to develop a customized BID education and management programs.
Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in in- and out-of-hospital environments
Authors: Olivella Julianna G. B. , Fonseca Bianca De O. , Da Fonseca Adenilson De S. , De Castro Eduardo A. R. , Bello Alexandre R. , Pereira José Augusto A.
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Healthcare is recognized as a condition of high selective pressure (SP) due to the use of antimicrobials. The emergence of community bacterial species resistant to the antimicrobials mostextensively used in hospitals is of concern, as is the case with Gram-negative rods producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Hospital colonization by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteria (CRE) can persist for many months after hospital discharge, and their encoding genes can be transferred among different species. Methodology: Because of the scarcity of options due to resistance to carbapenems, we sought to evaluate the occurrence of CRE in stool samples from outpatients and inpatients of a University Hospital, for whom clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from the analysis of medical records. After parasitological examination, stool samples from outpatients and inpatients were diluted in saline (1:20, 1:1000 and 1:2000) solution and 0.1 mL seeding was performed on MacConkey Agar (MA) containing gentamicin 8 μg/mL and MA containing cephalexin 32 μg/mL. Once isolated, strains were identified by biochemical tests and AST (with imipenem, ertapenem, and meropenem) was performed according to CLSI (2020). Results: We isolated carbapenem-resistant strains of enterobacteria in 13 (43.3%) of the 30 inpatients and in 13 (29%) of the 31 outpatients (p>0.05). In 7 (23.3%) of the 30 inpatients and in 5 (16.1%) of the 31 outpatients, we isolated CRE at 1:1000 or 1:5000 dilutions of stool samples, which correspond to “microbial loads”. Ten bacterial species were isolated in the CRE related to the 13 inpatients and 13 outpatients, among whom we identified two or more species in 9 (69.2%) and 10 (76.9%), respectively. Even taking into account the limitations of the study due to the possibility of bias arising from the absence of data in the medical records, the detection of intestinal colonization with CRE in non-hospitalized individuals is of concern and may jeopardize the implementation of rational empirical therapy in patients of that community. Conclusion: It is possible that, as was the case of ESBL-producing strains decades ago, infections by carbapenem-resistant strains have become endemic in the community.In general, this development is a cause of concern, for plasmid-associated antimicrobial resistance strains, due to the fact that an often-recognized plasmid-associated fitness of bacterial cell favors persistence of the strains, even in the absence of antimicrobial (co-)selective pressures.
Compensatory treatment for hyperdivergent skeletal Class II using temporary anchorage device
Authors: Vilela Luíza T. , Koerich Leonardo , Silver Katherine Judith C. M. P. , De Souza Margareth Maria G. , Ruellas Antônio Carlos De O.
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Treatment of hyperdivergent skeletal Class II is one of the most challenging for orthodontists. With the advent of temporary anchorage devices, patients who previously had an indication of orthognathic surgery may be favored with counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible, resulting from vertical control of the posterior teeth. Also, cases with increased incisors display at rest may benefit from these biomechanics in the anterior segment. Methodology and resources:This case report illustrates a successful treatment of a patient with hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion with an unaesthetic smile involving excessive gingival display at smile and absence of passive lip seal. Results: This way, a suitable functional and aesthetic result was obtained with the correction of the increased gingival exposure, passive lip sealing and improved angulation of the mandibular plane.In addition to the conventional cephalometric superimposition, three-dimensional superimposition was performed and evaluated to validate the treatment outcome.Discussion: Although it does not replace orthognathic surgery, such a modality of treatment may benefit patients who are not willing to undergo a more invasive procedure.
O DIREITO AO ESQUECIMENTO COMO DIREITO DA PERSONALIDADE: RECONHECIMENTO E APLICABILIDADE PELOS TRIBUNAIS SUPERIORES / THE RIGHT TO FORGET AS A PERSONALITY RIGHT: RECOGNITION AND APPLICABILITY BY SUPREME COURTS
Authors: Santos Marques Dias Venanzoni Victória , Bertoncini Carla , Domingues Brito Jaime
Published: June 2023

Resumo: O artigo objetiva analisar o direito ao esquecimento como direito da personalidade, que ganhou maior ênfase e discussão a partir da sociedade de informação, uma vez que o uso da internet e das redes sociais tornou mais fácil o acesso a dados e informações pessoais. Por meio do método dedutivo, são analisados o conceito e características dos direitos da personalidade, o conceito do direito ao esquecimento em específico, bem como quais são os direitos fundamentais que entram em confronto quando da sua discussão: os direitos à liberdade de expressão e de informação, direito à privacidade, intimidade e honra. Ainda, é feita uma explanação acerca do posicionamento das Cortes Superiores quanto ao seu reconhecimento e aplicação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Finalmente, constata-se que o direito ao esquecimento está intimamente ligado ao primado da dignidade da pessoa humana. Por esse motivo, não sendo caso de relevante interesse público, pode ser aplicado em casos concretos, quando houver afronta à vida privada. A pesquisa, pois, contribui nas áreas do Direito Constitucional, Direitos Humanos e Fundamentais, Direito Civil, Direito Penal e Direito Digital.Palavras-chave: Liberdade de expressão. Direito à informação. Direito à privacidade. Direito à intimidade. Recurso Extraordinário 1.010.606/RJ. Abstract: The article aims to analyze the right to forget as a personality right, which has gained greater emphasis and discussion from the information society, since the use of internet and social networks has made it easier to access personal data and information. Through the deductive method, the concept and characteristics of personality rights are analyzed, as well as the concept of the right to forget in specific and which fundamental rights clashes when it is discussed: the rights to freedom of expression and information, the right to privacy, intimacy and honor. Furthermore, an explanation is made about the position of Supreme Courts regarding its recognition and application in Brazilian legal system. Finally, it is noted that the right to be forgotten is closely linked to the primacy of human dignity. For this reason, in the hypothesis of no relevant public interest, this right can be applied in specific cases, if private life is violated. The research contributes in Constitutional Law, Human and Fundamental Rights, Civil Law, Criminal Law and Digital Law.Keywords: Freedom of expression. Right to information. Right to privacy. Right to intimacy. Extraordinary Resource 1.010.606/RJ.
Supporting families with multiples
Authors: Peck Helen
Published: June 2023

Multiple birth families experience unique challenges that require specialist care. Twins Trust works with midwives and other healthcare professionals across the UK to support these families
Adding value
Authors: Forsythe Gemma
Published: June 2023

Gemma Forsythe discusses the many skills a dental nurse can bring to the table.
Owning your career
Authors: Brown Clementine Rees
Published: June 2023

Clementine Rees Brown talks to practice owner Polly Bhambra to discuss the surprising path to her career in dentistry.
What's the best defence?
Authors: Waters Rebecca
Published: June 2023

Rebecca Waters discusses the ongoing battle with infectious diseases, and how best to protect against them.
Highlighting excellence!
Authors: Silver Rebecca
Published: June 2023

Rebecca Silver talks to Natalie Marucci in regards to her position on the BADN Panel of Representatives, and and being recognised as a ‘highly commended dental nurse’.
Flapless Flight Off the Ground
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: June 2023

Jet plane tests out blown-air system
Radar Sensing to Monitor the Elderly
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

Radio waves could analyse movement
Columbia's Advances in Graphene
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: June 2023

Method creates ‘quantum wells’
New Drive to Produce More Car Parts from Aluminium
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

UK project to scale up production of low-cost, lightweight and recycled parts for mass production
Engagement Strategy
Authors: Salter Kieron
Published: June 2023

The government's new Industrial Strategy lacks neither vision nor detail. The real challenge will be in the delivery of such a grand plan
Pioneering Production
Authors: Farish Mike
Published: June 2023

AMRC's factory 2050 facility is helping to put the UK at the forefront of manufacturing technology research and development.
Making It Ship Shape
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: June 2023

Dutch ship-builders unveil the world's first 3D-printed marine propeller.
CT Scans to Spot Arthritis
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: June 2023

New technique can detect small changes
Ammonia Goes Carbon-Free
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

Siemens’ green energy storage demonstrator
Bringing Careers to Life is Key to Inspiring Female Engineers
Authors: Excell Jon
Published: June 2023

With women still making up only 11% of the sector, it is important that we show the next generation what we do and give them the information they need to make the best decisions about their future
Effect of sodium chloride on germination and vigor of Cajanus cajan (l.) millspaugh seeds
Authors: Santos Sara Beatriz da Costa , Rangel Izabela Souza Lopes , Souza Kênia Lira de , Dantas Aline Cavalcante , Medeiros Maria da Guia de , Nascimento Maria das Graças Rodrigues do
Published: June 2023

Cajanus cajan is used as fertilizer or as food for human and animal. Since salinization of soils is a worldwide problem, it is necessary to look for resistant species. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of NaCl on germination, emergence and vigor of C. cajan. Therefore, seeds of the pintadinho cultivar and five concentrations of NaCl (1.5; 3.0; 4.5; 6.0; and 7.5 dSm-¹) and control were used. A completely randomized design was performed with four repetitions of 50 seeds for each treatment. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, using the F test to compare mean squares, and the polynomial regression analysis for quantitative effects. The progressive addition of salt had no significant effect on germination and emergence of C. cajan seedlings, however it reduced its vigor.
120-GBaud 16-QAM silicon photonics IQ modulator for data center interconnection
Authors: Wang Jian , Al-Qadi Mustafa , Jiang Wen-Jr , Li Kangmei , Chen You-Wei , Kuzmin Konstantin , Ho Calvin , Zhao Yan Yang , Yamada Hiroaki , Ackert Jason , Dougherty David , Liu Weilin , Chen Chengkun , Zhou Yifeng , Wang Ping , Liu Xu , Schmidt Kevin , Nee Jocelyn , McGreer Kenneth A. , Boudreau Marcel , Sun Jibin , Way Winston I. , Xu Hui
Published: June 2023

We demonstrated all-silicon IQ modulators (IQMs) operating at 120-GBaud 16-QAM with suitable bandwidth, and output power. We required optical signal-to-noise-ratio (rOSNR) that have promising potential to be used in 800-Gbps small-form-factor pluggable transceivers for data center interconnection. First, we tested an IQM chip using discrete drivers and achieved a per-polarization TX output power of −18.74 dBm and an rOSNR of 23.51 dB over a 100-km standard SMF. Notably, a low BER of 1.4e-3 was obtained using our SiP IQM chip without employing nonlinear compensation, optical equalization, or an ultra-wide-bandwidth, high-ENOB OMA. Furthermore, we investigated the performance of a 3D packaged transmitter by emulating its frequency response using an IQM chip, discrete drivers, and a programmable optical filter. With a laser power of 17 dBm, we achieved a per-polarization output power of −15.64 dBm and an rOSNR of 23.35 dB.
Spectral-broadness simulation of a Littman/Metcalf external cavity diode laser with a dynamic-curvature end mirror
Authors: Kato Naoaki , Takiguchi Yu , Tanaka Hiroshi , Ohtake Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2023

We propose a dynamic-spectral-broadness Littman/Metcalf external cavity diode laser, which replaces the flat end mirror of the external cavity with a curved one with a tunable radius of curvature (RoC). The concept was verified via simulation; first, the frequency selectivity of the cavity was calculated for each RoC using Gaussian-beam optics combined with ray tracing, and second, laser oscillation and amplified spontaneous-emission (ASE) spectra were obtained using the transmission-line laser model. The simulation revealed a tuning range with spectral broadness: 250 kHz for single-mode operation, 1.2–47 GHz for multi-mode operation, and 50 GHz–3.9 THz for ASE.
Acceptability and feasibility of video-based health education for maternal and infant health in Dirashe District, South Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Godana Boynito Wanzahun , Tessema Godana Yaya , Temesgen Kidus , De Henauw Stefaan , Abbeddou Souheila
Published: June 2023

Evidence about innovative methods to facilitate nutrition education counseling and promote the intended behavior change at scale is limited. We assessed the acceptability and feasibility of a video-based health education intervention aiming to promote community care for pregnant women, mothers, and infants in the Dirashe District, Ethiopia. Using a phenomenological study design, the experiences of study participants in a trial testing the effectiveness of video-based health education on birth outcomes and nutritional status of mothers and their infants six months postpartum were assessed. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were used to collect the data. The study was conducted in the Dirashe District, South Ethiopia. Five FGDs and 41 KII were conducted among video implementers, mothers, nurses, and health extension workers (HEWs) in eight intervention villages. All data were collected with a tape recorder. The tape-recorded data were transcribed and then translated into English. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The videos delivered messages about nine themes on health, nutrition, and hygiene related to mothers and infants. Overall, the video-based health education interventions was acceptable and feasible. Messages delivered were found to be clear, easily understandable, culturally acceptable, and relevant to the needs of the mothers. Feasibility was affected by the nature of the work, lack of help, and overlapping duties of the HEWs. The video-based health education intervention was acceptable and feasible. It was suggested that determining a common location/venue to show the videos, involving husbands, and involving HEWs could improve the intervention.

Trial registration: The effectiveness “parent” study was registered as a clinical trial with the U.S. National Institute of Health (www.ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04414527). The qualitative study included recipients from the same cohort (participating mothers from the intervention group), in addition to video implementers, health extension workers the Health Development Army, and nurses from the intervention communities.
Expanding global vaccine manufacturing capacity: Strategic prioritization in small countries
Authors: Mukherjee Sanjana , Kalra Kanika , Phelan Alexandra L.
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted significant gaps in equitable access to essential medical countermeasures such as vaccines. Manufacturing capacity for pandemic vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics is concentrated in too few countries. One of the major hurdles to equitable vaccine distribution was “vaccine nationalism”, countries hoarded vaccines to vaccinate their own populations first which significantly reduced global vaccine supply, leaving significant parts of the world vulnerable to the virus. As part of equitably building global capacity, one proposal to potentially counter vaccine nationalism is to identify small population countries with vaccine manufacturing capacity, as these countries could fulfill their domestic obligations quickly, and then contribute to global vaccine supplies. This cross-sectional study is the first to assesses global vaccine manufacturing capacity and identifies countries with small populations, in each WHO region, with the capacity and capability to manufacture vaccines using various manufacturing platforms. Twelve countries were identified to have both small populations and vaccine manufacturing capacity. 75% of these countries were in the European region; none were identified in the African Region and South-East Asia Region. Six countries have facilities producing subunit vaccines, a platform where existing facilities can be repurposed for COVID-19 vaccine production, while three countries have facilities to produce COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Although this study identified candidate countries to serve as key vaccine manufacturing hubs for future health emergencies, regional representation is severely limited. Current negotiations to draft a Pandemic Treaty present a unique opportunity to address vaccine nationalism by building regional capacities in small population countries for vaccine research, development, and manufacturing.
High transmission efficiency of the simian malaria vectors and population expansion of their parasites Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium inui
Authors: Jeyaprakasam Nantha Kumar , Low Van Lun , Pramasivan Sandthya , Liew Jonathan Wee Kent , Wan-Sulaiman Wan-Yusoff , Vythilingam Indra
Published: June 2023

Background

The elimination of malaria in Southeast Asia has become more challenging as a result of rising knowlesi malaria cases. In addition, naturally occurring human infections with other zoonotic simian malaria caused by Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium inui adds another level of complexity in malaria elimination in this region. Unfortunately, data on vectors which are responsible for transmitting this zoonotic disease is very limited.

Methodology/Principal findings

We conducted longitudinal studies to investigate the entomological parameters of the simian malaria vectors and to examine the genetic diversity and evolutionary pattern of their simian Plasmodium. All the captured Anopheles mosquitoes were dissected to examine for the presence of oocysts, sporozoites and to determine the parous rate. Our study revealed that the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group mosquitoes are highly potential competent vectors, as evidenced by their high rate of parity, survival and sporozoite infections in these mosquitoes. Thus, these mosquitoes represent a risk of human infection with zoonotic simian malaria in this region. Haplotype analysis on P. cynomolgi and P. inui, found in high prevalence in the Anopheles mosquitoes from this study, had shown close relationship between simian Plasmodium from the Anopheles mosquitoes with its vertebrate hosts. This directly signifies the ongoing transmission between the vector, macaques, and humans. Furthermore, population genetic analysis showed significant negative values which suggest that both Plasmodium species are undergoing population expansion.

Conclusions/Significance

With constant microevolutionary processes, there are potential for both P. inui and P. cynomolgi to emerge and spread as a major public health problem, following the similar trend of P. knowlesi. Therefore, concerted vector studies in other parts of Southeast Asia are warranted to better comprehend the transmission dynamics of this zoonotic simian malaria which eventually would aid in the implementation of effective control measures in a rapidly changing environment.
Factors that influenced utilization of antenatal and immunization services in two local government areas in The Gambia during COVID-19: An interview-based qualitative study
Authors: Bah Abdourahman , Russo Giuliano
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Evidence is being consolidated that shows that the utilization of antenatal and immunization services has declined in low-income countries (LICs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Very little is known about the effects of the pandemic on antenatal and immunization service utilization in The Gambia. We set out to explore the COVID-19-related factors affecting the utilization of antenatal and immunization services in two Local Government Areas (LGAs) in The Gambia.

Methods

A qualitative methodology was used to explore patients’ and providers’ experiences of antenatal and immunization services during the pandemic in two LGAs in The Gambia. Thirty-one study participants were recruited from four health facilities, applying a theory-driven sampling framework, including health workers as well as female patients. Qualitative evidence was collected through theory-driven semi-structured interviews, and was recorded, translated into English, transcribed, and analysed thematically, applying a social-ecological framework.

Results

In our interviews, we identified themes at five different levels: individual, interpersonal, community, institutional and policy factors. Individual factors revolved around patients’ fear of being infected in the facilities, and of being quarantined, and their anxiety about passing on infections to family members. Interpersonal factors involved the reluctance of partners and family members, as well as perceived negligence and disrespect by health workers. Community factors included misinformation within the community and mistrust of vaccines. Institutional factors included the shortage of health workers, closures of health facilities, and the lack of personal protective equipment (PPEs) and essential medicines. Finally, policy factors revolved around the consequences of COVID-19 prevention measures, particularly the shortage of transport options and mandatory wearing of face masks.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that patients’ fears of contagion, perceptions of poor treatment in the health system, and a general anxiety around the imposing of prevention measures, undermined the uptake of services. In future emergencies, the government in The Gambia, and governments in other LICs, will need to consider the unintended consequences of epidemic control measures on the uptake of antenatal and immunization services.
Intestinal parasitic infections in a community from Pampa del Indio, Chaco (Argentina) and their association with socioeconomic and environmental factors
Authors: Scavuzzo Carlos Matias , Delgado Cintia , Goy Marcia , Crudo Favio , Porcasi Ximena , Periago María Victoria
Published: June 2023

Neglected tropical diseases are a group of 20 disabling diseases, which, in particular, are the most common chronic infections in the most vulnerable people. This study aimed to characterize the infection by intestinal parasites (IPs) in dwellings from a peri-urban neighborhood in Pampa del Indio, Chaco (Argentina), and its association with socioeconomic and environmental variables. Single stool samples were collected from all individuals older than 1 year through household visits and processed using coprological sedimentation and flotation techniques. Standardized questionnaires were used at the household level to collect socio-economic information. Environmental variables were obtained from the Planetscope image, Landsat 8 images and remote sensors, while land-use layers were obtained through the use of a maximum likelihood algorithm. Stool samples were provided by 314 individuals. The prevalence of IPs found was 30.6% (n = 96), with a predominance ofGiardia lamblia(12.7%, n = 40) andHymenolepis nana(7.6%, n = 24). The only soil-transmitted helminth found wasStrongyloides stercoraliswith a 2.5% prevalence (n = 8). Individuals of adult age (> 18 years) were 0.65 times less likely to present parasitic infections with respect to children and adolescents. The only environmental variable that was closely associated with the presence of IPs, was the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), a measure of humidity; being higher around houses with positive individuals. Most of the IPs found in this study were of water-borne transmission and those transmitted directly from person-to-person, therefore fecal contamination is present. We believe that the low prevalence of STH in this area, which requires a passage through the soil, is related to the environmental characteristics, which are unsuitable for the development/permanence of the infective stages of these parasites. The geospatial data and tools used herein proved to be useful for the study of the relationship between the different factors that influence the presence of IPs in a community, from an eco-health approach.
Effect of linezolid on platelet count in critically ill patients with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tatsumi Hiroomi , Akatsuka Masayuki , Kuroda Hiromitsu , Kazuma Satoshi , Suzuki Shintaro , Masuda Yoshiki
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Linezolid (LZD) is one of the antibiotics used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In Japan, the dose of LZD is not generally adjusted by renal function or therapeutic drug monitoring and is readily available for critically ill patients. The adverse effects of LZD include pancytopenia, especially thrombocytopenia. We investigated the effect of LZD on platelet counts in critically ill patients with thrombocytopenia during admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Fifty-five critically ill patients with existing thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100 ×103 /μL) who received LZD for five days or more during the period from January 2011 to October 2018 were included. Changes in platelet count and frequency of platelet concentrate (PC) transfusion were evaluated retrospectively.

Results

Mean (± standard error) platelet count prior to initiation of LZD was 47 ± 4 ×103 /uL, which increased significantly to 86 ± 13 ×103 /uL on day 15 (p<0.01). Median [interquartile range] duration of LZD therapy was 9 [8–12] days. Thirty-two patients (58.2%) required PC transfusion in the 15-day study period. The daily rate of PC transfusion decreased from 30.2% on days 1–5 to 18.2% on days 11–15. Similar tendencies were observed in patients with non-hematological and hematological disease.

Conclusion

Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients in the ICU did not worsen after initiation of LZD therapy, and may be considered for the treatment of MRSA in this setting.