bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of complications and sequelae of pancreatic surgery. Evidente and disagreements.
Authors: Parra Membrives P , Martínez Baena D , Lorente Herce J , Jiménez Riera G , Sánchez Gálvez MÁ , Martín Balbuena R , García Vico A
Published: February 2021

A pesar de los avances técnicos y de reanimación postoperatoria, la cirugía pancreática sigue presentando una tasa de morbilidad media del 58% y de mortalidad del 4%. Esta tasa de complicaciones se resume fundamentalmente en cuatro inmediatas (la fístula pancreática, la hemorragia postoperatoria, el retraso del vaciamiento gástrico y la pancreatitis del remanente) y cuatro tardías (la insuficiencia pancreática exocrina, la endocrina, la aparición de colangitis a largo plazo y de nuevo la pancreatitis aguda). Se analizan en este artículo la definición actual de las mismas, su diagnóstico y su manejo clínico recogiendo la mejor evidencia disponible.
Instrumental endoscopic procedure for the management of malignant bile duct stenosis: advantages of new stents.
Authors: Romero Vázquez FJ , Pellicer Bautista FJ
Published: February 2021

Las estenosis neoplásicas de la vía biliar representan normalmente un grupo de tumores que se diagnostican en fases avanzadas y, por tanto, sin posibilidad de tratamiento quirúrgico con fines curativos de resecabilidad.

El enfoque terapéutico paliativo endoscópico de las neoplasias biliares malignas persigue mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes en cuanto al dolor, prurito e ictericia, evitando así cuadros de colangitis o sepsis y engloba dos grandes procedimientos: el drenaje biliar mediante colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) y el drenaje mediante ecoendoscopia o ultrasonografía endoscópica (USE), que en los últimos años ha ido ganando importancia y se ha ido equiparando e incluso superando a otras técnicas complementarias como el drenaje percutáneo biliar.

Ambos procedimientos son complementarias y permiten la colocación de prótesis o stents para permitir el adecuado drenaje del árbol biliar extra o intrahepático. El tipo de prótesis depende principalmente del tipo de paciente, de las características de la estenosis y el procedimiento endoscópico de drenaje a emplear, siendo generalmente las prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles las de mayor permeabilidad, durabilidad y las que presentan un menor número de efectos secundarios y reintervenciones.

Habitualmente, las neoplasias malignas de la vía biliar requieren un abordaje mediante CPRE. Sin embargo, dicho procedimiento no siempre es posible por dificultad técnica, modificación anatómica quirúrgica previa o por infiltración neoplásica enteral, adoptando entonces el drenaje por ecoendoscopia un papel fundamental en el tratamiento paliativo de estos pacientes.
Total exeresis of mesorrecto via robotica. Origins and current situation.
Authors: Mera Velasco S , González Poveda IE , Ruiz López M , Santoyo Santoyo J
Published: February 2021

Desde los inicios de la cirugía robótica a finales del siglo XX hasta el momento actual, hemos asistido a una progresiva implementación del dispositivo que ha dado lugar a su uso en diversas patologías y al acúmulo de una importante experiencia con numerosos trabajos científicos publicados.

Una de las ventajas del abordaje robótico es en la cirugía de exéresis total del mesorrecto, por la calidad de imagen que proporciona, por la ergonomía y variedad del instrumental y por los resultados postoperatorios y de seguimiento oncológico que se van difundiendo. En su desventaja, su elevado precio que limita su mayor difusión.
Minimally invasive surgery in the emergent colorectal surgery
Authors: González-Sánchez AJ
Published: February 2021

Perforación yatrógena de colon, diverticulitis aguda, cáncer de colon obstructivo, prótesis de colon, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, enfermedad de Crohn, colitis ulcerosa, cirugía laparoscópica.
Right hemicolectomy: intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis.
Authors: Vázquez Medina L , Moreno Motesinos JM , Vílches Rabelo A
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo es una revisión bibliográfica. En él se describen las ventajas de la anastomosis intracorpórea en la hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica y se defiende su aplicación frente a la anastomosis extracorpórea.
Palabra, silencio y creación en Va Verdad de Antonio Méndez Rubio
Authors: Girbal González Edmon
Published: February 2021

En qué consisten las llamadas poéticas del silencio y de qué modo es- tán presentes en Va Verdad, uno de los últimos poemarios de Antonio Méndez Rubio, es el doble propósito de este artículo. La metodología que lo orienta es inductiva: hallar en los  poemas esas marcas  o señas que permitan  sostener la pertinencia del poemario a tales poéticas y, desde el texto, contribuir a la no siempre diáfana delimitación de las mismas. Iluminar, pues, el poemario de Mén- dez Rubio desde la perspectiva de las poéticas del silencio para aproximarse, a su vez y a través de Va Verdad, a la definición de tales poéticas.
“Por mí y por los demás”: resistencia, comunidades y comunismo en Episodios de una guerra interminable de Almudena Grandes
Authors: Calderón Puerta Aránzazu
Published: February 2021

A diferencia de lo que ha sido la nota predominante en la tradición historiográfica, la saga Episodios de una guerra interminable de Almudena Grandes se aleja del modelo de muchos historiadores, para quienes “todo se mueve en torno a la secuencia «acontecimiento, relato, primacía de lo político» cuando se pone el énfasis en la toma de decisión ejercida por individualidades poderosas” (Ricœur 2010: 317). En esta versión de la posguerra española se evita destacar el papel de tales individualidades, ya que es el colectivo —en concreto, la red de comunidades de resistentes antifranquistas— y su actividad continuada lo que posibilitaría el cambio histórico a largo plazo. La actividad de una comunidad en un entorno geográfico distinto en cada una de las novelas de la serie (Toulouse, Jaén, Madrid y Buenos Aires) está interrelacionada con la de las demás, de modo que su suma perfila la acción conjunta de un amplísimo sujeto político colectivo tradicionalmente subrepresentado en la esfera pública española. En esta ficción novelesca la resistencia comunista adquiere la forma de comunidades —políticas, pero sobre todo emocionales— que colaboran entre sí.
Globalization: Current Constraints and Promising Perspectives
Authors: Herrera Socorro
Published: February 2021

Recent statistics indicate that more than 200 million people worldwide live in a country other than the one in which they were born, with more than a third having moved from an underdeveloped to a developed country and at least another third having moved from one developed nation to another. Although the United States is the world leader as a host country, Europe’s migrant population in 2005 exceeded that of North America by almost 50 percent and Western Asia’s share of the world’s migrants now exceeds 25 million (United Nations, 2011). Most pronounced is an unprecedented migration of persons to the developing world that is both a cause and a consequence of globalization.
Tackling Women’s Support of Far-Right Extremism: Experiences from Germany
Authors: de Leede Seran
Published: February 2021

Persistent gendered assumptions about women and violence predominately depict women as non-violent and peaceful. Due to this gender blindness and simplistic frames used to understand the attraction of women toward far-right extremist groups, women tend to get overlooked as active participants, and their roles ignored or downplayed. This not only hinders the overall understanding of far-right extremist groups but also impedes the development of effective counterprograms that specifically address the experiences and paths of these women. Drawing from the experiences and insights of German initiatives and from additional literature on the topic, this policy note explores the wide-ranging motivations of women joining far-right extremist groups and the different roles they can play in them. By including wider research to why women leave far-right extremist groups, the policy note offers lessons learned and recommendations that may be helpful in optimizing prevention and exit programs aimed at women in far-right extremist groups beyond the German context.
Pengaruh Terapi Modeling Partsisipan Terhadap kemandirian Anak Dalam Toilet Training
Authors: Yeni Devita  , Sitorus Tianni Parida
Published: February 2021

Toilet Training merupakan salah satu tugas utama anak pada usia toddler. Salah satu teknik terapi perilaku pelaksanaan toilet training adalah modeling partisipan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi modeling partisipan terhadap kemandirian anak dalam toilet training. Jenis penelitian ini Kuantitatif dengan desain quasy eskperiment dengan rancangan pretest-postest without control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel ada 24 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kemandirian anak pada saat pre test adalah 10,2 dan nilai rata-rata kemandirian anak pada saat post test adalah 11,7. Uji statistik didapatkan nilai p= value 0.000 < α (0.05). Ada Pengaruh Terapi Modeling Partisipan Terhadap Kemandirian Anak Dalam Toilet Training. Diharapkan kepada orang tua agar senantiasa meningkatkan latihan pada anak supaya lebih aktif dalam melakukan toilet training.
दतू काåयपरàपरायां डो.रवीÛġक ु मारपÖडाͪवरͬचतèय ǿदयदतू èय ͪवमश[:
Authors: Gandhi Bhavprakash
Published: February 2021

दतू काåयपरàपरा अǓतĤाचीना वतते । सा च पर [ àपरा अɮयावͬध
ĤचलǓततराम ् । आध ु Ǔनककालेऽͪप एताǺशाǓन दतू काåयाǓन ǓनमȸयÛते । तğ डो.रवीÛġक
ु मारपÖडाͪवरͬचतं ’ǿदयदतू म’ ् अ×यÛतं भावभǐरतं रससभरं दतू काåयम ् । कथानकं ितᱧवन᭠तपुरे ि᭭थता िᮧया , वस᭠तसमय: िनकषा , ᱡदयं च दतूम्इित यावत्सीिमतं िव᳒ते । का᳞᭭या᭭य ᮧमखु रस: िवᮧल᭥भ᮰ृ᭑गार: । अ᭭य का᳞᭭य इदं वैिश᭬Ჷं यत् का᳞᭭य भावपᭃ: सवाᭅिधक: ᮧभावकायᭅि᭭त । िवशेषतो छाᮢा ये भाषां सािह᭜यं ᮧित ᱧᳲचं न धारयि᭠त ते
एतत ् सािह᭜यं पᳯठ᭜वा सािह᭜यसाधनायै सं᭭कृतभाषािशᭃणाय च संᮧेᳯरता भवेयु᭭तदथᲈ æलाËय: ᮧय᳀: अकाǐर डो. रवीÛġक
ु मार पÖडामहोदयेन । अिèमन् शोधपğे अèय दतू काåयèय तटèथभावेन पǐरशीलनं कतु ɍ Ĥय×नो ͪवǑहत: ।
A STUDY OF SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE OF HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CONTEXT OF AREA
Authors: Patel Veenaben , Raval Ajay
Published: February 2021

Spiritual Intelligence is concerned with the inner life of mind and spirit and its
relationship to being in the world. SI implies a capacity for a deep understanding of existential questions and insight into multiple levels of consciousness. Objective: 1) To determine the level of SI in the students. 2) To find out the effect of Area on SI of the students. Research Area for study is Educational Psychology. The students studying in Standard-11 in Gujarati Medium Schools of Gandhinagar became the population of the study. Selection of school was by Stratified Random Technique and selection of students was by cluster method. Sample size was of 423 students. “Survey Method” was selected for study. Self Constructed SI Scale was used for Data Collection. t-test was applied and P33 and P67 was used to determine the level. 1) According to Level of SI, 33.57% Students are in Low and Medium Level and 32.86% Students are in High Level. 2) In Low and Medium Level of SI, percentage of Students of rural area students is more than urban area and in high Level it is vice versa. 3) In matter of SI students of rural and urban area are equal.
Проблема творення ідеалу виховання в контексті історичного розвитку вітчизняної освіти
Authors: Тхоржевська Т. Д.
Published: February 2021

У статті розглядається питання формування ідеалу виховання в історичній ретроспективі. Автор статті аналізує, чи варто говорити про універсальний ідеал виховання, що сприяє дотриманню загальнолюдської культури задля миру і формування відповідального громадянина. Ставиться питання, чи існує загальний ідеал, який міг би задовольнити всі верстви населення і бути покладеним в основу загального суспільного виховного ідеалу, чи варто включати в поняття загальнодержавного виховного ідеалу релігійну компоненту.

Аналізуються ідеї Г. Ващенка, О. Вишневського, прибічників традиційного українського ідеалу, який вони формулюють як служба Богові і Батьківщині. Вказується на суперечливість і нелогічність деяких їхніх постулатів, які спрощують реалії життя, не сприяють взаєморозумінню представників різних прошарків населення, загрожують роздмухуванням суспільної ворожнечі. До суперечностей концепції Г. Ващенка автор відносить фактичне превалювання національних інтересів над християнськими і конфесійних над загальнохристиянськими. Слабиною концепції Г. Ващенка автор вважає надмірну ідеалізацію, героїзацію історичних часів, що мало би, на думку цього вченого, прислужитися запаленню жертовної любові до Батьківщини молодих українців. Спираючись на ідеї Г. Ващенка, О. Вишневського, автор статті ставить питання: якого виховання ми прагнемо для наших дітей в Україні, серед яких вже зараз є католики, греко-католики, протестанти, православні «різних мастей», у тому числі й «небажаних», атеїсти, мусульмани тощо, і всі вони – громадяни України?

Стверджується, що в Україні назріла необхідність формування загальнодержавного виховного ідеалу з урахуванням етнічного та релігійного різноманіття української нації, якщо Україна прагне стати нацією громадян, які добровільно бажають жити спільно.
TD 2609 - Dimensionamento e Comportamento dos Gastos Ambientais do Governo Federal: 2001 a 2018
Authors: Viana João Paulo , Moura Adriana Maria Magalhães de , Klug Letícia Becalli , Santana Juliana Ferreira de , Diabaté Reycha Sabana
Published: February 2021

O dimensionamento e o comportamento dos gastos ambientais realizados por um país são informações necessárias para avaliar a relevância que o tema ocupa nas agendas públicas e privadas, uma vez que permitem compreender as prioridades e os compromissos assumidos na busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável. Apresentamos aqui os gastos em meio ambiente do governo federal nos anos de 2001 a 2018. Nesse período, o governo federal gastou nessa área uma média de R$ 5,9 bilhões/ano, o que corresponde ao total de R$ 106,7 bilhões no período. Isso representa, em média, 0,10% do produto interno bruto (PIB)/ano e 0,25% do gasto total do governo federal/ ano. Ou, ainda, a gastos no montante de R$ 30,43 per capita/ano. Os maiores gastos foram praticamente compartilhados em três temas: i) manejo de recursos aquáticos, em especial com o pagamento do seguro-defeso ao pescador artesanal (25,65%); ii) outras atividades de proteção ambiental, que incluem a gestão do Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA) e de instituições vinculadas (25,63%); e iii) gestão de efluentes líquidos e águas residuais (24,73%). Comparado com outros países latino-americanos, os gastos em proteção do meio ambiente do Brasil são, proporcionalmente, pequenos, o que indica que os governos brasileiros que se sucederam deram baixa prioridade orçamentária às políticas ambientais. A despeito disso, o Brasil desenvolveu uma série de ações que resultaram em progressos nas políticas ambientais.
TD 2622 - Financiamento de Campanha e Lobbying Empresarial nas Comissões Permanentes da Câmara dos Deputados
Authors: Santos Manoel Leonardo , Mancuso Wagner Pralon , Resende Ciro Antônio da Silva , Barboza Danilo Praxedes
Published: February 2021

Este estudo investiga a atuação dos grupos de interesse em comissões permanentes da Câmara dos Deputados, na legislatura de 2011 a 2015. Parte-se da premissa de que duas atividades são as principais estratégias desses grupos para influenciar o processo legislativo: o financiamento de campanhas por pessoa jurídica (PJ) e as atividades de lobbying. Para a análise empírica, foram selecionadas quatro comissões: a Comissão de Desenvolvimento Econômico, Indústria, Comércio e Serviços (CDEICS); a Comissão de Agricultura, Pecuária, Abastecimento e Desenvolvimento Rural (CAPADR); a Comissão de Finanças e Tributação (CFT); e a Comissão de Trabalho, Administração e Serviço Público (CTASP). A metodologia utilizada neste estudo envolve análise de redes e estatística descritiva. Os resultados apontam que, no âmbito das comissões, revelou-se, por duas vias, a expressão dos interesses organizados. Quanto ao financiamento de campanha, na CAPADR, verificou-se um viés no financiamento de seus membros por empresas de setores econômicos potencialmente afetados por suas decisões. Nas demais comissões, o financiamento de PJ é elevado, mas o viés não pode ser generalizado. Quanto ao lobbying, verificou-se a centralidade de grupos de interesses empresariais nas policy networks formadas em torno das comissões. Mas o empresariado não tem centralidade igual em todas as comissões. Em ambientes como a CTASP, empresários perdem protagonismo para as centrais sindicais de trabalhadores e os poderosos sindicatos de servidores públicos. O protagonismo dos grupos empresariais, entretanto, se verifica em comissões relevantes para a atividade econômica, como a CDEICS e a CFT.
DRAGraces: A Pipeline for the GRACES High-resolution Spectrograph at Gemini*
Authors: Chené André-Nicolas , Mao Shunyuan , Lundquist Michael ,   (Gemini collaboration), Martioli Eder ,   (OPERA collaboration), Carlin Jeffrey L. ,   (Usability testing)
Published: February 2021

This paper describes the software Data Reduction and Analysis for GRACES (DRAGraces), which is a pipeline reducing spectra from Gemini Remote Access to the CFHT ESPaDOnS Spectrograph (GRACES) at the Gemini North Telescope. The code is written in the IDL language. It is designed to find all the GRACES frames in a given directory, automatically determine the list of bias, flat, arc, and science frames, and perform the whole reduction and extraction within a few minutes. We compare the output from DRAGraces with that of the Open source Pipeline for ESPaDOnS Reduction and Analysis (OPERA), a pipeline developed at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) that also can extract GRACES spectra. Both pipelines were developed completely independently, yet they give very similar extracted spectra. They both have their advantages and disadvantages. For instance, DRAGraces is more straightforward and easy to use and is less likely to be derailed by a parameter that needs to be tweaked, while OPERA offers a more careful extraction that can be significantly superior when the highest resolution is required and when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. One should compare both before deciding which one to use for their science. Yet, both pipelines deliver a fairly comparable resolution power (R ∼ 52.8k and 36.6k for DRAGraces and R ∼ 58k and 40k for OPERA in high- and low-resolution spectral modes, respectively), wavelength solution, and signal-to-noise ratio per resolution element.
Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Formation in Quiet Sun and Coronal Holes: A Unified Scenario
Authors: Tripathi Durgesh , Nived V. N. , Solanki Sami K
Published: February 2021

Coronal holes (CHs) are darker than the quiet Sun (QS) when observed in coronal channels. This study aims to understand the similarities and differences between CHs and QS in the transition region using the Si iv 1394 Å line, recorded by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, by considering the distribution of magnetic field measured by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We find that Si iv intensities obtained in CHs are lower than those obtained in QS for regions with identical magnetic flux densities. Moreover, the difference in intensities between CHs and QS increases with increasing magnetic flux. For the regions with equal magnetic flux density, QS line profiles are more redshifted than those measured in CHs. Moreover, the blueshifts measured in CHs show an increase with increasing magnetic flux density unlike in the QS. The non-thermal velocities in QS, as well as in CHs, show an increase with increasing magnetic flux. However, no significant difference was observed in QS and CHs, albeit a small deviation at small flux densities. Using these results, we propose a unified model for the heating of the corona in the QS and in CHs and the formation of solar wind.
The Host Galaxy of the Dwarf Seyfert UGC 06728
Authors: Bentz Misty C.
Published: February 2021

We present multi-color high-resolution imaging of the host galaxy of the dwarf Seyfert UGC 06728. As the lowest-mass black hole to be described with both a direct mass constraint and a spin constraint, UGC 06728 is an important source for comparison with black hole evolutionary models, yet little is known about the host galaxy. Using Hubble Space Telescope imaging in the optical and near-infrared, we find that UGC 06728 is a barred lenticular (SB0) galaxy with prominent ansae at the ends of the bar. We cleanly separated the active galactic nucleus (AGN) from the resolved galaxy with two-dimensional image decompositions, thus allowing accurate surface brightness profiles to be derived in all filters from the outer edge of the galaxy all the way into the nucleus. Based on a sample of 51 globular cluster candidates identified in the images, the globular cluster luminosity function predicts a distance to UCG 06728 of 32.5 ± 3.5 Mpc. Combining the galaxy photometry with the distance estimate, we derive a starlight-corrected AGN luminosity, the absolute magnitude of the galaxy, and a constraint on the galaxy stellar mass of

.
Eridanus II: A Fossil from Reionization with an Off-center Star Cluster
Authors: Simon Joshua D. , Brown Thomas M. , Drlica-Wagner Alex , Li Ting S. , Avila Roberto J. , Bechtol Keith , Clementini Gisella , Crnojević Denija , Garofalo Alessia , Geha Marla , Sand David J. , Strader Jay , Willman Beth
Published: February 2021

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Eridanus II (Eri II). Eri II, which has an absolute magnitude of M

V
= −7.1, is located at a distance of 339 kpc, just beyond the virial radius of the Milky Way. We determine the star formation history of Eri II and measure the structure of the galaxy and its star cluster. We find that a star formation history consisting of two bursts, constrained to match the spectroscopic metallicity distribution of the galaxy, accurately describes the Eri II stellar population. The best-fit model implies a rapid truncation of star formation at early times, with >80% of the stellar mass in place before z ∼ 6. A small fraction of the stars could be as young as 8 Gyr, but this population is not statistically significant; Monte Carlo simulations recover a component younger than 9 Gyr only 15% of the time, where they represent an average of 7 ± 4% of the population. These results are consistent with theoretical expectations for quenching by reionization. The HST depth and angular resolution enable us to show that Eri II’s cluster is offset from the center of the galaxy by a projected distance of 23 ± 3 pc. This offset could be an indication of a small (∼50–75 pc) dark matter core in Eri II. Moreover, we demonstrate that the cluster has a high ellipticity of

and is aligned with the orientation of Eri II within 3° ± 6°, likely due to tides. The stellar population of the cluster is indistinguishable from that of Eri II itself.
The First Dynamical Mass Determination of a Nitrogen-rich Wolf–Rayet Star Using a Combined Visual and Spectroscopic Orbit
Authors: Richardson Noel D. , Lee Laura , Schaefer Gail , Shenar Tomer , Sander Andreas A. C. , Hill Grant M. , Fullard Andrew G. , Monnier John D. , Anugu Narsireddy , Davies Claire L , Gardner Tyler , Lanthermann Cyprien , Kraus Stefan , Setterholm Benjamin R.
Published: February 2021

We present the first visual orbit for the nitrogen-rich Wolf–Rayet binary, WR 133 (WN5o + O9I), based on observations made with the CHARA Array and the MIRC-X combiner. This orbit represents the first visual orbit for a WN star and only the third Wolf–Rayet star with a visual orbit. The orbit has a period of 112.8 days, a moderate eccentricity of 0.36, and a separation of a = 0.79 mas on the sky. We combine the visual orbit with an SB2 orbit and Gaia parallax to find that the derived masses of the component stars are

and

, with the large errors owing to the nearly face-on geometry of the system combined with errors in the spectroscopic parameters. We also derive an orbital parallax that is identical to the Gaia-determined distance. We present a preliminary spectral analysis and atmosphere models of the component stars, and find the mass-loss rate in agreement with polarization variability and our orbit. However, the derived masses are low compared to the spectral types and spectral model. Given the close binary nature, we suspect that WR 133 should have formed through binary interactions, and represents an ideal target for testing evolutionary models given its membership in the cluster NGC 6871.
The Coma Dust of Comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina): A Window into Carbon in the Solar System
Authors: Woodward Charles E. , Wooden Diane H. , Harker David E. , Kelley Michael S. P. , Russell Ray W. , Kim Daryl L.
Published: February 2021

Comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina) was a dynamically new Oort cloud comet whose apparition presented a favorable geometry for observations near close-Earth approach (≃0.93 au) at heliocentric distances ≲2 au when insolation and sublimation of volatiles drive maximum activity. Here we present mid-infrared 6.0 ≲ λ(μm) ≲ 40 spectrophotometric observations at two temporal epochs from NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility that yield an inventory of the refractory materials and their physical characteristics through thermal modeling analysis. The grain composition is dominated by dark dust grains (modeled as amorphous carbon) with a silicate-to-carbon ratio ≲0.9, little crystalline stoichiometry (no distinct 11.2 μm feature attributed to Mg-rich crystalline olivine), and the submicron grain-size distribution peaking at ≃0.6 μm. The 10 μm silicate feature was weak, ≈12.8% ± 0.1% above the local continuum, and the bolometric grain albedo was low (≲14%). Comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina) is a carbon-rich object. This material, which is well represented by the optical constants of amorphous carbon, is similar to the material that darkens and reddens the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. We argue this material is endemic to the nuclei of comets, synthesizing results from the study of Stardust samples, interplanetary dust particle investigations, and micrometeoritic analyses. The atomic carbon-to-silicate ratio of comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina) and other comets joins a growing body of evidence suggesting the existence of a C/Si gradient in the primitive solar system, providing new insight into planetesimal formation and the distribution of isotopic and compositional gradients extant today.
Selection and Characteristics of the Dragonfly Landing Site near Selk Crater, Titan
Authors: Lorenz Ralph D. , MacKenzie Shannon M. , Neish Catherine D. , Gall Alice Le , Turtle Elizabeth P. , Barnes Jason W. , Trainer Melissa G. , Werynski Alyssa , Hedgepeth Joshua , Karkoschka Erich
Published: February 2021

The factors contributing to the initial selection of a dune site near the Selk impact structure on Titan as the first landing site for the Dragonfly mission are described. These include arrival geometry and aerodynamic/aerothermodynamic considerations, illumination, and Earth visibility, as well as the likely presence of exposed deposits of water-rich material, potentially including materials where molten ice has interacted with organics. Cassini observations of Selk are summarized and interpreted: near-infrared reflectance and microwave emission data indicate water-rich materials in and around the crater. Radar topography data shows the rim of Selk to have slopes on multi-km scales reaching only ∼2° degrees, an order of magnitude shallower than early photoclinometric estimates.
Heavy Positive Ion Groups in Titan’s Ionosphere from Cassini Plasma Spectrometer IBS Observations
Authors: Haythornthwaite Richard P. , Coates Andrew J. , Jones Geraint H. , Wellbrock Anne , Waite J. Hunter , Vuitton Véronique , Lavvas Panayotis
Published: February 2021

Titan’s ionosphere contains a plethora of hydrocarbons and nitrile cations and anions as measured by the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer and Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) on board the Cassini spacecraft. Data from the CAPS Ion Beam Spectrometer (IBS) sensor have been examined for five close encounters of Titan during 2009. The high relative velocity of Cassini with respect to the cold ions in Titan’s ionosphere allows CAPS IBS to function as a mass spectrometer. Positive ion masses between 170 and 310 u/q are examined with ion mass groups identified between 170 and 275 u/q containing between 14 and 21 heavy (carbon/nitrogen/oxygen) atoms. These groups are the heaviest positive ion groups reported so far from the available in situ ion data at Titan. The ion group peaks are found to be consistent with masses associated with polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitrogen-bearing polycyclic aromatic molecular ions. The ion group peak identifications are compared with previously proposed neutral PAHs and are found to be at similar masses, supporting a PAH interpretation. The spacing between the ion group peaks is also investigated, finding a spacing of 12 or 13 u/q indicating the addition of C or CH. Lastly, the occurrence of several ion groups is seen to vary across the five flybys studied, possibly relating to the varying solar radiation conditions observed across the flybys. These findings further the understanding between the low-mass ions and the high-mass negative ions, as well as with aerosol formation in Titan’s atmosphere.
Canine intestinal parasites as a potential source of soil contamination in the public areas of Kruševac, Serbia
Authors: Raičević Jelena G , Pavlović Ivan N , Galonja-Coghill Tamara A
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Environmental contamination by infected canine faeces presents an indirect source of contamination in people. In this research the presence of parasitic elements in canine faeces found in the public areas of Kruševac was examined.

Methodology: During May and October 2018, 282 samples were collected from different public areas (ten kindergartens, six public squares and four parks). The examination of faeces was performed by means of direct smear and flotation. For statistical testing of the difference between the frequencies of attributes χ2 test was applied.

Results: Out of 282 samples, 221 (78.4%) were positive, of which 17/20 (85.0%) from kindergartens, 125/160 (78.1%) from parks and 79/102 (77.5%) from public squares. The presence of Ancylostomatidae spp. was discovered in 113 (40.1%) samples, Toxocara canis in 82 (29.1%), Dipylidium caninum in 76 (27.0%), Giardia intestinalis in 45 (16.0%), Taenia spp. in 44 (15.6%), Amoeba spp. in 32 (11.3%), Trichuris vulpis in 19 (6.7%), Toxascaris leonina in 18 (6.4%), Strongyloides stercoralis in 17 (6.0%), Isospora spp. in 7 (2.5%) and Cryptosporidium spp. in 3 (1.1%). In May there were 115/141 (81.6%) positive samples, whereas in October there were 106/141 (72.5%) positive ones. No positive sample with three or four parasites was found in October.

Conclusions: This study shows that canine faeces from public areas in Kruševac can be the cause of a significant environmental contamination by eggs of canine intestinal parasites as well as of human infections.
Investigation of heteroresistant vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus among MRSA isolates
Authors: Gazel Deniz , Erinmez Mehmet , Büyüktaş Manay Ayşe , Zer Yasemin
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Heteroresistant vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) testing is recommended when therapeutic failure is suspected in the clinics. In our research, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of hVISA among methicilline-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates in our university hospital and compared three methods for detection of hVISA.

Methodology: One hundred MRSA clinical isolates were collected in our medical microbiology laboratory between 01.04.2018 and 01.10.2019. For screening of hVISA, we used two screening agar plates and used one commercial medium; brain heart infusion agar (BHI) plates containing 4 µg/mL vancomycin and 16 g/Lt casein (BHIA-VC; Satola’s test), BHI agar plates containing 4 µg/mLvancomycin (BHIAV), and commercially obtained vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) agar for detetection of hVISA. Colonies which could grow on plates were counted manually at 24th and 48th hours.

Results: Among 100 MRSA isolates, 43 (43%) were found as hVISA using Satola’s test. BHIAV and VRE agar screening test results were found 70% and 4%, respectively. Finally, at the step, MIC values of 20 (47%) hVISA isolates reduced to 2 µg/mL after sub culturing for the gradient test.

Conclusions: We found higher rates of hVISA comparing other studies in Turkey. Both VRE agar and BHIAV screening test failed to detect hVISA properly. Meropenem in combination with vancomycin inhibited the growth of 90% hVISA isolates in our study.
Symptomatic recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers recovered from COVID-19
Authors: Atici Serkan , Ek Ömer Faruk , Yildiz Mehmet Siddik , Şikgenç Mehmet Mahfuz , Güzel Efraim , Soysal Ahmet
Published: February 2021

There is rising concern that patients who recover from COVID-19 may be at risk of recurrence. Increased rates of infection and recurrence in healthcare workers could cause the healthcare system collapse and a further worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we reported the clinically symptomatic recurrent COVID-19 cases in the two healthcare workers who treated and recovered from symptomatic and laboratory confirmed COVID-19. We discuss important questions in the COVID-19 pandemic waiting to be answered, such as the protection period of the acquired immunity, the severity of recurrence and how long after the first infection occurs. We aimed to emphasize that healthcare workers should continue to pay maximum attention to the measures without compromising.
The Effectiveness of M.D-Risti Application as an Alternative for Independent Early Detection of Risk of Pregnancy during the Pandemic COVID-19 in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Suarayasa Ketut , Bangkele Elli Yane , Sumarni Sumarni , Harun Haerani , Bohari Bohari
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Early detection of risk factors for pregnancy is carried out through regular prenatal examinations from an early age to detect abnormalities/disorders/illnesses suffered by pregnant women early. Mobile applications are very helpful in the process of early detection and recording of health workers’ reports, especially during a pandemic.
AIM: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, actions, and skills of pregnant women in the early detection of high-risk pregnancy before and after the intervention and the effectiveness of M.D-Risti modules and applications.
METHODS: This study used a quasi-experiment design research design with a pre-post only group design consisting of an intervention group and a control group at 4 health centers in Palu City with a purposive sampling technique of 43 respondents per group with univariate and bivariate analysis.
RESULTS: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of knowledge (p = 0.00), attitude (p = 0.00), action (p = 0.00), and the skills of pregnant women in early detection of pregnancy (p = 0.00) before and after treatment in the intervention group. There was a significant difference between the two groups with a significant value on knowledge (p = 0.00), attitude (p = 0.00), action (p = 0.00), and skills of pregnant women in doing early detection of pregnancy risk independently (p = 0.00).
CONCLUSION: The intervention of M.D-Risti modules and applications had a significant effect on changes in knowledge, attitudes, actions, and skills of pregnant women in early detection of pregnancy risk compared to pregnant women who were not given intervention at all. The M.D-Risti application is one of the solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the long term, all health centers in Palu city can use it to help monitor the risk of pregnancy more quickly
L’Organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle : un organisme de dimension régionale
Authors: Bohoussou Denis L.
Published: February 2021

Que les jeunes États africains aient souhaité créer, au lendemain des indépendances, un office de propriété intellectuelle régional, témoigne de l’importance des enjeux liés à la matière pour le développement économique. Comment cet Office est-il devenu une organisation régionale à part entière, l’Organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle ? Quelles sont ses missions et ses ambitions face aux enjeux contemporains ? Voilà ce que propose d’explorer cet article.
Developing a model for strategic agility in knowledge-based companies using a mixed methods approach
Authors: Soltaninezhad Asma , Morovati Sharifabadi Ali , Zare Ahmadabadi Habib , Jafarnejad Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate systematic application of grounded theory to understand strategic agility in knowledge-based companies (KBCs) in Iran and to explain relationships between them.Methodology: This study uses mixed methods research to explore the determinants of strategic agility in KBCs. This study uses mixed methods approach. Qualitative analysis using “Paradigm model” of grounded theory for data analysis. In Quantitative stage, Structural equation modeling with partial least square is used.Findings: The results of the first phase of the study revealed that causal conditions affecting strategic agility were organizational and environmental factors. As well, intervening conditions included Facilitating and Deterring role of intrinsic attributes of companies; and contextual conditions encompassed Limiting and Encouraging factors. Moreover, strategies and practices were comprised of Extra-organizational and Intra-organizational practices and consequences of strategic agility were consequences at macro and organizational level. The results of the quantitative study, as the second phase, correspondingly confirmed factors identified at the qualitative phase and demonstrated that the casual conditions explain 58.2% of the variance in strategic agility, the three independent constructs explain 72.9% of the variance in strategies, and the strategies explains 59.1% of the variance of consequences.Research limitations: This study was developed on the basis of opinions of a limited number of individuals which could reduce theoretical generalizability of the results. Another limitation is that the research data are limited to KBCs in Iran.Value: The results of this study would theoretically complement the body of knowledge about KBCs which can be cited in future research. Furthermore, the mixed methods approach offers a better insight in understanding strategic agility in KBCs vs the use of either a qualitative or quantitative method alone.
À propos du manuscrit physiocratique commenté par Diderot dans les Observations sur le Nakaz
Authors: Dulac Georges
Published: February 2021

Dans une publication récente des Classiques Garnier, Serguey Zanin a présenté une étude de L’Esprit de l’Instruction, commentaire très étendu du Nakaz de Catherine II principalement composé d’extraits d’écrits physiocratiques, et en a donné une édition commentée, a priori très utile puisque quelque vingt-huit observations de Diderot, souvent très développées, se rapportent à cet ouvrage. Cependant la réalisation est décevante car la transcription du manuscrit est très fautive, tandis que son attribution au prince D. A. Golitsyn, un ami proche du philosophe, ne repose que sur des argumentsinconsistants. L’article, qui anticipe sur l’édition des Observations sur le Nakaz à paraître dans DPV, XXII, comporte en annexe un tableau des commentaires de Diderot à mettre en rapport avec des passages de L’Esprit de l’Instruction, avec l’indication de leurs sources : le philosophe s’y prononce sur les principaux points de la doctrine des « économistes », et plus rarement réagit à des vues de W. Robertson, W. Blackstone et C. A. Pilati.
Du Dictionnaire universel de commerce à la Cyclopaedia : un nouvel élément de la généalogie du renvoi encyclopédique
Authors: Loveland Jeff
Published: February 2021

D’où viennent les renvois de l’Encyclopédie ? La réponse habituelle, et sans doute la bonne, est qu’ils viennent de la Cyclopaedia de Chambers. Mais si l’on pose la question de l’origine des renvois chez Chambers, la réponse est moins claire. Il est courant d’évoquer l’existence de dispositifs ressemblant à des renvois dans certaines encyclopédies précédentes, la volonté de Chambers de regrouper des connaissances éparpillées par l’ordre alphabétique, ou la tradition des recueils de « lieux communs ». Ici, sans nier l’importance de ces influences, je soutiendrais qu’en plus, Chambers avait devant lui un modèle concret de l’emploi d’un réseau de renvois pour lier les concepts, celui du Dictionnaire universel de commerce.
Pour un inventaire de la Correspondance de Naigeon
Authors: Boussuge Emmanuel , Cosenza Mario
Published: February 2021

L’exploration de la correspondance de Jacques André Naigeon a été jusque-là négligée. Elle constitue une étape importante dans un moment de renouvellement des recherches consacrées à cet intermédiaire capital des Lumières. L’article propose un premier inventaire cursif de cette correspondance, comprenant la correspondance active et passive, les lettres localisées ou publiées, celles signalées par des passages en vente ainsi que celles dont seule l’existence est connue. Le registre général des lettres compte 64 entrées (certaines pour plusieurs lettres), auxquelles il faut ajouter 5 cas particuliers et, en outre, deux rubriques concernant les pièces signées par Naigeon ainsi que la courte liste de ses articles parus dans la presse La physionomie de la correspondance est précisée, de même que les fonds où se trouvent les lettres. Les correspondants de Naigeon sont présentés et identifiés (dans la mesure du possible). La publication de trois lettres inédites conclut l’article.
High-energy diet does not overcome the negative impact of conjugated linoleic acid on young broiler performance
Authors: Cardinal Katia Maria , Pezzali Júlia Guazzelli , Vilella Lucas  de Marques , Moraes Priscila de Oliveira , Ribeiro Andréa Machado Leal
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation in diets with different energy levels in broiler performance. Birds were offered a starter (1-21 d), grower (22-35 d) and finisher (36-42 d) diets; wherein soybean oil was replaced by CLA. The study consisted of a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with two CLA levels (0 and 1%) and three energy levels (3050, 3100 and 3150 ME kg-1 diet). During the grower and finisher periods, birds were fed diets with same energy level and CLA supplementation was maintained the same. Growth performance was assessed weekly, and carcass and cuts yield were assessed at 42d. Interaction effect of CLA by energy level was observed in broiler performance and carcass yield throughout the study (p > 0.05). During the overall period (1-42 d) broiler performance was not affected by CLA (p > 0.05).However, CLA supplementation (1%) decreased weight gain (p < 0.05) at 21d, regardless of energy level, with no effects on feed intake and feed conversation rate (p > 0.05). The increase in dietary energy was not able to compensate the negative effect on growth performance of broilers supplemented with 1% CLA at the starter period.
In vitro methane production from silages based on Cenchrus purpureus mixed with Tithonia diversifolia in different proportions
Authors: Huertas González Maria Alexandra , Mogollón Olga Lucía Mayorga , Saavedra Yuri Marcela García , Holguín Castaño Vilma Amparo , Mora-Delgado Jairo
Published: February 2021

Climate change (CC) affects food production, mainly those based on livestock systems. Producers must identify adaptation strategies to ensure the production, during periods of drought, and lack of forage. Besides contributing to CC, high emissions of ruminal methane (CH4) are energy loss potentially usable for livestock production. The objective was to estimate in vitro ruminal gas production (RGP) and determine the CH4 emissions from silages. Treatments were made with forage of Cenchrus purpureus mixed with Tithonia diversifolia T1= C.purpureus at 100%; T2= C.purpureus/ T.diversifolia in 33/67 percent ratio; T3= C.purpureus/ T.diversifolia 67/33; and T4= T.diversifolia at 100%. Samples of silages were analyzed, and they were inoculated with strains of Lactobacillus paracasei (T735); then they were fermented in vacuum-sealed bags for 67 days. RGP and CH4 were measured at 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 48 hours. Additionally, modeling of CH4 production kinetics was conducted, using different equations. The results indicate that the highest cumulative CH4 production was for T1. This kinetics was represented using the Gompertz model. In conclusion, the inclusion of T.diversifolia to C.purpureus silages contributes to the decrease of methane at the ruminal level, which constitutes an adaptation practice at climate change.
The effect of diets supplemented with Coriandrum sativum seeds on carcass performance, immune system, blood metabolites, rumen parameters and meat quality of lambs
Authors: Khamisabadi Hassan , Ahmadpanah Javad
Published: February 2021

A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Coriandrum sativum seeds on carcass performance, immune system, blood metabolites, rumen parameters and meat quality of Lambs. 16 Sanjabi lambs of 27 ± 5.1 kg during post-weaning (97 d of age) period were randomly selected. Four diets including 0, 1, 3, and 5% coriander seeds, replaced by Alfa alfa in the diet, were considered. A 30:70 alfalfa hay: concentrate diet for a period of time (97 to 187 d of age) was used. The results showed that feed intake was significantly increased by adding coriander seeds, linearly. There was no significant difference for apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, neutral and acidic detergent fiber, crude ash, rumen fluid pH and ammonia nitrogen at 0, 2 and 4 h after feeding, Meat dry matter, ash, crude protein and fat, and the meat’s fatty acid profile (p > 0.05). Dietary coriander seeds had a significant effect on neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophil’s (in days 7 and 14 of trial) and blood metabolites at the middle of trial. Obtained results suggested that supplementation of coriander seed may have limited effects on nutrient digestibility, ruminal parameters, meat quality, blood cells and metabolites.
Salinity and prey concentration on larviculture of killifish Hypsolebias radiseriatus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Authors: Araújo Luciano Medeiros de , Gonçalves Junior Lucas Pedro , Silva Walisson de Souza e , Luz Ronald Kennedy
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of Hypsolebias radiseriatus larvae to different salinities, and the effects of different prey concentrations and water salinities on the larviculture of this species. Salinity tolerance was tested by subjecting newly-hatched larvae to 96 hours of osmotic shock testing (experiment I) and gradual acclimatization (experiment II) of the following salinities: freshwater (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 g of salt L-1. A third experiment (experiment III) evaluated three water salinities (S0 - freshwater, S2 - 2 g of salt L-1 and S4 – 4 g of salt L-1) and three initial daily prey concentrations (100, 300 and 500 artemia nauplii larva-1). In experiments I and II, survival was only influenced by the salinity of 8 g of salt L-1 (p < 0.01). After 35 days, weight was only influenced by prey concentration (p < 0.05), with the highest value being with 500 artemia nauplii larva-1. The lowest survival was for 4 g of salt L-1 and for 100 artemia nauplii larva-1. H. radiseriatus larviculture can be carried out in salinity of up to 2 g of salt L-1 and initial daily prey concentrations with 500 artemia nauplii larva-1.