bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinematics of Magnetic Bright Features in the Solar Photosphere
Authors: Jafarzadeh S. , Solanki S. K. , Cameron R. H. , Barthol P. , Rodríguez J. Blanco , Iniesta J. C. del Toro , Gandorfer A. , Gizon L. , Hirzberger J. , Knölker M. , Pillet V. Martínez , Suárez D. Orozco , Riethmüller T. L. , Schmidt W. , Noort M. van
Published: March 2017

Convective flows are known as the prime means of transporting magnetic fields on the solar surface. Thus, small magnetic structures are good tracers of turbulent flows. We study the migration and dispersal of magnetic bright features (MBFs) in intergranular areas observed at high spatial resolution with Sunrise/IMaX. We describe the flux dispersal of individual MBFs as a diffusion process whose parameters are computed for various areas in the quiet-Sun and the vicinity of active regions from seeing-free data. We find that magnetic concentrations are best described as random walkers close to network areas (diffusion index,

), travelers with constant speeds over a supergranule (

), and decelerating movers in the vicinity of flux emergence and/or within active regions (

). The three types of regions host MBFs with mean diffusion coefficients of 130 km2 s−1, 80–90 km2 s−1, and 25–70 km2 s−1, respectively. The MBFs in these three types of regions are found to display a distinct kinematic behavior at a confidence level in excess of 95%.
Magneto-static Modeling from Sunrise/IMaX: Application to an Active Region Observed with Sunrise II
Authors: Wiegelmann T. , Neukirch T. , Nickeler D. H. , Solanki S. K. , Barthol P. , Gandorfer A. , Gizon L. , Hirzberger J. , Riethmüller T. L. , Noort M. van , Rodríguez J. Blanco , Iniesta J. C. Del Toro , Suárez D. Orozco , Schmidt W. , Pillet V. Martínez , Knölker M.
Published: March 2017

Magneto-static models may overcome some of the issues facing force-free magnetic field extrapolations. So far they have seen limited use and have faced problems when applied to quiet-Sun data. Here we present a first application to an active region. We use solar vector magnetic field measurements gathered by the IMaX polarimeter during the flight of the Sunrise balloon-borne solar observatory in 2013 June as boundary conditions for a magneto-static model of the higher solar atmosphere above an active region. The IMaX data are embedded in active region vector magnetograms observed with SDO/HMI. This work continues our magneto-static extrapolation approach, which was applied earlier to a quiet-Sun region observed with Sunrise I. In an active region the signal-to-noise-ratio in the measured Stokes parameters is considerably higher than in the quiet-Sun and consequently the IMaX measurements of the horizontal photospheric magnetic field allow us to specify the free parameters of the model in a special class of linear magneto-static equilibria. The high spatial resolution of IMaX (110–130 km, pixel size 40 km) enables us to model the non-force-free layer between the photosphere and the mid-chromosphere vertically by about 50 grid points. In our approach we can incorporate some aspects of the mixed beta layer of photosphere and chromosphere, e.g., taking a finite Lorentz force into account, which was not possible with lower-resolution photospheric measurements in the past. The linear model does not, however, permit us to model intrinsic nonlinear structures like strongly localized electric currents.
A New MHD-assisted Stokes Inversion Technique
Authors: Riethmüller T. L. , Solanki S. K. , Barthol P. , Gandorfer A. , Gizon L. , Hirzberger J. , Noort M. van , Rodríguez J. Blanco , Iniesta J. C. Del Toro , Suárez D. Orozco , Schmidt W. , Pillet V. Martínez , Knölker M.
Published: March 2017

We present a new method of Stokes inversion of spectropolarimetric data and evaluate it by taking the example of a Sunrise/IMaX observation. An archive of synthetic Stokes profiles is obtained by the spectral synthesis of state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations and a realistic degradation to the level of the observed data. The definition of a merit function allows the archive to be searched for the synthetic Stokes profiles that best match the observed profiles. In contrast to traditional Stokes inversion codes, which solve the Unno–Rachkovsky equations for the polarized radiative transfer numerically and fit the Stokes profiles iteratively, the new technique provides the full set of atmospheric parameters. This gives us the ability to start an MHD simulation that takes the inversion result as an initial condition. After a relaxation process of half an hour solar time we obtain physically consistent MHD data sets with a target similar to the observation. The new MHD simulation is used to repeat the method in a second iteration, which further improves the match between observation and simulation, resulting in a factor of 2.2 lower mean

value. One advantage of the new technique is that it provides the physical parameters on a geometrical height scale. It constitutes a first step toward inversions that give results consistent with the MHD equations.
Expression of E-Cadherin/Beta-Catenin in Epithelial Carcinomas of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Ivanova Koni , Ananiev Julian , Aleksandrova Elina , Ignatova Maria Magdalena , Gulubova Maya
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND: The aberrant activation of Wnt signalling pathway may be a common denominator for the development of thyroid tumorigenesis. It was announced that the loss of E-cadherin rather than Î²-catenin mutation represents a crucial event in determining the degree of differentiation of thyroid carcinomas.AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and Î²-catenin in the thyroid cancer tissue and to correlate these data with some histological and clinical parameters of the tumours.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated 112 patients, having thyroid tumours â€“ papillary, follicular, anaplastic and oncocytic carcinomas immunohistochemically with antibodies against E-cadherin and Î²-catenin. Survival analyses were done.RESULTS: E-cadherin expression was focally retained in the tumour cell membranes and the tumour cell cytoplasm of the papillary, follicular and oncocytic thyroid cancers, weather in anaplastic cancers it was almost lost (p = 0.0042, and Ñ€ = 0.019, respectively, Fisher's Exact Test). The expression of Î²-catenin in tumour cytoplasm and membrane in papillary cancers was higher as compared to that in the other tumours (p = 0.111, and Ñ€ = 0.0104, respectively).CONCLUSION: Not surprisingly, the presence of aberrant expression of E-cadherin and Î²-catenin in thyroid cancer has been associated with better patients' prognosis and better differentiated tumour histology.
Multiâ€“System Complications after Intravenous Cocaine Abuse
Authors: Petkovska Lidija , Chibishev Andon , Stevcevska Aleksandra , Smokovski Ivica , Petkovski Dusan , Antova Emilija
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND: Use and abuse of cocaine are associated with numerous adverse effects, independent of the route of administration. More severe conditions of poisoning, however, are observed after cocaine intravenous administration.AIM: We present a case of severe poisoning after violent intravenous injection of cocaine, but with a good outcome.CASE PRESENTATION: Cocaine was intravenously (i.v.) administered in 16-years old female patient as a homicide attempt. Shortly after that, patient experienced series of generalised tonic-clonic seizures, was highly febrile (400C), somnolent, agitated, presenting with tachycardia, tachypnea and with increased blood pressure 150/90 mmHg. Neurologic status, lumbar puncture and computerised tomography (CT) of the brain were without remarks. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was characterised with signs of diffuse encephalopathy, and acid-base analyses resulted in metabolic acidosis. Urine screening revealed the presence of cocaine and benzodiazepines. The patient presented with signs of the hepatic lesion, acute renal insufficiency (ARI), and increased D-dimers resulting from activated fibrinolysis. The patient was discharged in stable general condition after being hospitalised for 23 days.CONCLUSION: Intravenous abuse of cocaine results in overdose and serous multi-system complications requiring multidisciplinary diagnostic and intensive therapeutic approach.
Excentrée ou excentrique ?
Authors: Dormoy-Rajramanan Christelle , Jeanpierre Laurent
Published: March 2017

À partir de l’étude du département de science politique de « Vincennes », de 1969 à 1980, cet article propose d’enrichir l’histoire de la discipline grâce à la prise en compte : des institutions secondaires, qui en sont parties prenantes ; du département d’enseignement comme unité d’analyse ; et de l’hétérogénéité des pratiques locales. Conduite à partir d’archives et de biographies d’enseignants-chercheurs, l’enquête insiste sur l’importance de l’État, du public étudiant et du capital social extra-universitaire des enseignants, comme paramètres d’analyse du développement des disciplines.
Les docteurs en science politique croient-ils en leur titre ?
Authors: Buton François , Lebaron Frédéric , Mariot Nicolas
Published: March 2017

Cette note de recherche avance quelques résultats à partir d’une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès des docteurs en science politique ayant soutenu leur thèse dans les années 2000. Il s’agissait pour l’essentiel de demander à ces docteurs de retracer leur parcours doctoral et de porter un jugement sur les conditions de son déroulement. L’article s’intéresse principalement à un paradoxe : alors que la grande majorité des docteurs en science politique interrogés ont un emploi stable et se disent satisfaits des relations qu’ils ont pu avoir avec leur directeur de thèse, la moitié d’entre eux déconseillerait à de nouveaux arrivants d’entreprendre un travail de doctorat.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement: The Present and Future for Orthopedic Surgeons
Authors: Hogan Craig A. , Sandoval Melanie F. , Uhler Lauren M.
Published: March 2017

The primary aim of this article is to describe the structure and challenges of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement for a total hip or knee arthroplasty within the context of the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model. The secondary aims are to identify potential challenges for reimbursement and solutions to overcome challenges for the orthopedic surgeon, and to describe and compare the current and projected reimbursement structures for total arthroplasty procedures. Final decisions on reimbursement for total arthroplasty as outlined by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services are reviewed. The impact of these decisions and the effect of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' payment structure on reimbursement for surgeons and organizations and the effect on patient care are highlighted. [
Orthopedics
. 2017; 40(2):77–80.]
Legitimación textual a través de los sueños: el caso del sueño del ṣāliḥ de Túnez (ms. RESC/55 del CSIC)
Authors: Vázquez Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2017

El manuscrito Resc/55 del CSIC contiene un apartado en el que se relata el sueño que un ṣāliḥ de Túnez tuvo con el profeta Mahoma. En el sueño, el Profeta le cuenta al soñador los sucesos del día del juicio, le hace una serie de recomendaciones y le promete que, por pequeña que sea la fe que tenga un musulmán, entrará en el Paraíso siempre que siga siendo musulmán. Estas palabras de seguro resonarían de manera especial entre los mudéjares o moriscos que seleccionaron el texto y que lo copiaron muchas veces. Desde un acercamiento que toma en cuenta tanto la tradición árabe literaria de relatos edificantes de sueños (manamāt), como el entorno socio-histórico de los moriscos, el autor de este artículo analiza el contenido de la historia. De particular importancia es entender cómo el texto legitima su contenido y presenta las palabras del profeta como auténticas echando mano de una larga tradición de sueños protagonizados por Mahoma. Se incluye al final del artículo una transliteración del texto aljamiado.
Iznīqī y Ŷābir, Sirr y Miftāḥ: dos autores, cuatro títulos, un tratado alquímico
Authors: Carusi Paola
Published: March 2017

El tratado árabe alquímico titulado Miftāḥ al-ḥikma, Miftāḥ ŷannāt al-juld, Sirr al-asrār y Sirr al-sārr wa-sirr al-asrār se atribuye en sus manuscritos a dos autores diferentes: al-Iznīqī y Ŷābir b. Ḥayyān. En este artículo se discutirán brevemente algunos aspectos característicos del tratado y su importancia para la historia de la alquimia. Estos aspectos incluyen fuentes antiguas importantes, tales como el Muṣḥaf al-ŷamāʻa (Turba philosophorum) y el Kitāb al-Ḥabīb y su conexión con la tradición de los artistas y la actividad de taller y laboratorio, que primero aparece en la alquimia griega y posteriormente en la islámica. Además, este trabajo incluye referencias a las teorías físicas alquímicas en las que la influencia de la teología islámica puede ser, tal vez, rastreada. Este artículo, que resume los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo durante los últimos años, podría considerarse como si fuera una introducción de una nueva edición y traducción del texto actualmente en curso.
De nuevo sobre Maslama Ibn Qāsim al-Qurṭubī, los Ijwān al-Ṣafā’ e Ibn Jaldūn: Nuevos datos de dos manuscritos de la Rutbat al-ḥakīm
Authors: Callataÿ Godefroid de , Moureau Sébastien
Published: March 2017

Como continuación a estudios anteriores sobre la recepción de las Rasā’il Ijwān al-Ṣafā’ en al-Andalus, en este artículo se sostiene que entre los estudiosos andalusíes de la Edad Media era una creencia generalizada considerar al astrónomo Maslama al-Maŷrīṭī (m. 395/1004 o poco después) como el autor no solo de la Rutbat al-ḥakīm y la Gāyat al-ḥakīm – hoy ambas correctamente atribuidas a Maslama Ibn Qasīm al-Qurṭubī (m. 353/964) – sino también de todo el corpus enciclopédico de las Rasā’il. La primera parte del artículo trata de explicar a través de qué serie de sucesivas confusiones estas tres obras llegaron a ser identificadas como los tres escalones de una escalera filosófica y cómo esta trilogía acabó siendo después asignada al científico Maslama al-Maŷrīṭī. La otra parte se centra en dos anotaciones de carácter biográfico que aparecen en las portadas de dos manuscritos de la Rutbat al-ḥakīm, aún inédita. Además de proporcionarnos evidencias adicionales sobre la difusión de esta concepción entre los eruditos medievales, esos documentos también nos ofrecen información interesante y a veces sin igual sobre los dos Maslamas, sus respectivos escritos y seguidores, así como sobre la amplia circulación de las Rasā’il por toda la Península. La edición, traducción y comentario de estas dos anotaciones biográficas son ofrecidas aquí por primera vez.
“¿Quién empezó este arte y de dónde viene?” Una historia enmarcada sobre los orígenes de la alquimia en el Libro del árbol de ziziphus de los más lejanos confines de Pseudo-Ibn Waḥšīya
Authors: Braun Christopher
Published: March 2017

Este trabajo explora el contexto de una historia enmarcada del hermetismo en el tratado alquímico seudoepigráfico de El libro del árbol de ziziphus de los más lejanos confines (Kitāb Sidrat al-muntahā). El tratado, que se atribuye a una de las figuras más prominentes de las ciencias árabes ocultas, Abū Bakr b. Waḥšīya (primera mitad del siglo IV/X), está escrito en forma de diálogo entre el protagonista, Ibn Waḥšīya y un alquimista del Occidente islámico, al-Magribī al-Qamarī. La última sección del diálogo introductorio entre estos dos personajes se compone de una historia marco sobre los orígenes de la alquimia y la leyenda de su descubrimiento (Fundlegende) que presenta un texto con una cosmogonía y una representación alegórica del proceso de transmutación. Tanto en la historia enmarcada como en la leyenda del descubrimiento abundan tópicos y motivos herméticos conocidos en otros tratados alquímicos griegos y árabes. La exposición de las diferentes teorías prevalecientes sobre los orígenes de la alquimia refleja, además, fenómenos históricos de la civilización islámica pre-moderna, tales como el movimiento de traducción greco-árabe y la controversia de la šuʿūbīya. Como es propio en la tradición literaria de la Hermetica árabe, Egipto aparece en este tratado como la cuna de la alquimia, pero el autor de este artículo sostiene que la fascinación por Egipto y su cultura material no son una mera convención literaria. En este sentido, el casi desconocido género de libros árabes sobre el tesoro escondido podría arrojar nueva luz sobre narrativas herméticas comunes y su circulación en el Islam medieval.
La transferencia del conocimiento secreto: tres diálogos árabes de alquimia
Authors: Forster Regula
Published: March 2017

La alquimia arabo-islámica gozó de considerable popularidad hasta los siglos XIX y XX. Puede ser considerada como una precursora de la química moderna y como una filosofía natural cuyo objetivo es explicar el mundo. Sin embargo una de las cuestiones no resueltas acerca de la alquimia es cómo se supone que debía aprenderse, puesto que se trataba de un arte que debía mantenerse en secreto y sólo podía ser relevada a unos cuantos elegidos. Mientras que los aspectos prácticos de la experiencia de aprendizaje siguen siendo oscuros, cabe destacar que, a menudo, la literatura alquímica árabe hace uso del diálogo, género literario íntimamente ligado a la enseñanza y al aprendizaje. Este trabajo se basa en tres diálogos árabes de alquimia: Masāʼil Jālid li-Maryānus al-rāhib (Preguntas de Jālid al monje Maryānus), Kitāb Mihrārīs al-ḥakīm (El libro de Mihrārīs, el sabio) y Risālat al-ḥakīm Qaydarūs (La epístola del sabio Qaydarūs). Por otro lado, y centrándonos en el marco literario de estos textos, se discutirá cómo se representa la transferencia del conocimiento secreto, su puesta en escena, la relación maestro-discípulo, y la cuestión de la interacción entre estas partes desiguales.
Elixir, alquimia y las metamorfosis de dos sinónimos
Authors: Strohmaier Gotthard
Published: March 2017

La historia de los términos «elixir» y «alquimia» parece paradójica; derivada del griego, la palabra árabe al-iksīr significaba «polvo seco capaz de transformar metales en oro o plata». Siguiendo la evolución de este término en cada una de las lenguas europeas, «elixir» ha llegado a significar «líquido mágico que puede ser ingerido para curar la enfermedad». El segundo término, al-kīmiyāʼ, que, en sus inicios árabes, era casi sinónimo de elixir, tomó un giro diferente y cambió su significado de «sustancia milagrosa» pasando a ser un sustantivo abstracto que connota el arte de la alquimia. El presente artículo intenta mostrar que estos cambios de significado están vinculados a las inevitables interrelaciones entre los dos sinónimos y, en consecuencia, la etimología generalmente asumida del árabe al-kīmiyāʼ correspondiente al término griego χυμεία debe ser cuestionada. De particular interés es el hecho, hasta ahora ignorado, de que la palabra al-kīmiyāʼ termina en un sonido glótico, indicado por la hamza que, siendo una consonante en toda regla, podría apuntar a un origen nogriego del término.
Thermal Effects in Near-Critical Fluids
Authors: Beysens Daniel A. , Garrabos Yves , Zappoli Bernard
Published: March 2017

In this chapter is addressed the very particular thermal behavior that supercritical fluids exhibit when nearing their critical point. In this region, supercritical fluids exhibit strong anomalies in their thermodynamic and transport properties. Pressure change associated to a temperature variation leads to a nearly isentropic thermalization of the fluid, the “piston effect”, which leads to a paradoxical “critical speeding-up”. Bulk fluid temperature is uniform, temperature gradients are confined in thermal boundary layers, making the bulk fluid a thermal short-circuit. It follows very particular behavior, as dynamic heat pipes or heat going seemingly backward, in apparent contradiction with the 2nd principle of thermodynamics. Under an acceleration field, thermal convection occurs only in the boundary layers, which paradoxically can enhance the fluid stability or even cool the fluid after a heat pulse. These effects can deeply modify the supercritical fluids thermal behavior in space and energy activities, giving to these effects socio-economic relevance.
Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Solar Water Heater
Authors: Iwamoto Yuhiro , Yamaguchi Hiroshi
Published: March 2017

For supercritical CO2, a small change in temperature or pressure can result in large change in density, especially in the state close to the critical point. The large change in density can easily induce the natural convective flow. In this chapter, a solar water heater using supercritical CO2 which is originally designed and constructed will be introduced. The solar water heater is a closed loop system with main components of an evacuated solar collector and a heat exchanger. The working fluid of CO2 is naturally driven by the large change in density with absorbing and transporting heat in the solar collector. And the heat energy (hot water) is produced by exchanging the transferred heat with water in the heat exchanger. This chapter will describe the typical system operation and performance at different season and climates.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Its Application to Rankine Cycle
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi
Published: March 2017

Supercritical CO2 has been given much attention to be a working fluid in a power cycle due to its unique properties. The supercritical CO2 solar Rankine cycle system was designed and developed by using the benefit of supercritical state of CO2 to generate electric power and supply heat energy in environmentally friendly manner. The development of main components in the system are introduced and discussed particularly by focusing on the properties of CO2 for obtaining higher performance. The properties of CO2 in near critical region are also discussed in this chapter. Operating the power cycle in the supercritical region of CO2 enhances the heat transfer in energy exchanging process and improves the cycle efficiency.
Application of Supercritical Pressures in Power Engineering
Authors: Pioro Igor , Mahdi Mohammed , Popov Roman
Published: March 2017

SuperCritical Fluids (SCFs) have unique thermophyscial properties and heat-transfer characteristics, which make them very attractive for use in power industry. In this chapter, specifics of thermophysical properties and heat transfer of SCFs such as water, carbon dioxide and helium are considered and discussed. Also, particularities of heat transfer at SuperCritical Pressures (SCPs) are presented, and the most accurate heat-transfer correlations are listed. SuperCritical Water (SCW) is widely used as the working fluid in the SCP Rankine “steam”-turbine cycle in fossil-fuel thermal power plants. This increase in thermal efficiency is possible by application of high-temperature reactors and power cycles. Currently, six concepts of Generation-IV reactors are being developed, with coolant outlet temperatures of 500°C~1000°C. SCFs will be used as coolants (helium in GFRs and VHTRs; and SCW in SCWRs) and/or working fluids in power cycles (helium; mixture of nitrogen (80%) and helium [20%]; nitrogen, and carbon dioxide in Brayton gas-turbine cycles; and SCW “steam” in Rankine cycle).
Energy Conversion Using the Supercritical Steam Cycle
Authors: Schulenberg Thomas
Published: March 2017

A supercritical steam (or Rankine) cycle is used today for more most of the new coal-fired power plants. More recently, it has been proposed as well for future water-cooled nuclear reactors to enhance their efficiency and to reduce their costs. This chapter provides the technical background explaining this technology. Some criteria for boiler design and operation, like drum or once-through boiler design, fixed or sliding pressure operation and coolant mixing, are discussed in general to explain the particular challenges of supercritical steam cycles. Examples of technical solutions are given for two large-scale applications: a coal-fired power plant and a supercritical water-cooled reactor, both producing around 1000 MW electric power.
A Social Network Framework to Explore Healthcare Collaboration
Authors: Srinivasan Uma , Uddin Shahadat
Published: March 2017

A patient-centric approach to healthcare leads to an informal social network among medical professionals. This chapter presents a research framework to: (1) identify the collaboration structure among physicians that is effective and efficient for patients; (2) discover effective structural attributes of a collaboration network that evolves during the course of providing care; and (3) explore the impact of socio-demographic characteristics of healthcare professionals, patients, and hospitals on collaboration structures, from the point of view of measurable outcomes such as cost and quality of care. The framework uses illustrative examples drawn from a data set of patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. The practical application of the proposed framework reveals structures of physicians' collaborations that are not favourable to cost and quality of care measures such as readmission rate. The authors believe that such a framework will enable healthcare managers and administrators to evaluate the collaborative work environment within their respective healthcare organisations.
Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Shaha Steven
Published: March 2017

The purpose of healthcare information systems should tend toward helping clinicians make best decisions for the clinical benefits of their patients, as well as for the cost-related benefits of organisations, communities and societies. Too many healthcare organisations are opting toward technology-based systems that ensure cost-effectiveness as a priority over clinical quality, limiting clinician decisions toward compliance to established decisions and processes rather than toward innovative and impactful approaches to patient care. Compliance-based solutions assume that all hospitals are identical in populations served, clinician expertise or physical layout, all assumption fallacies. Best healthcare enhancing technology enables local adaptation with analytics for ongoing innovation to best optimise successes in care quality, cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Such systems are available, and best providers will encourage clinicians and operational leaders to ever-improve delivery of innovative, evolving health care. This chapter will discuss the right approaches towards improved clinical, costs, and efficiency gains.
Workplace Incivility as Low-Level Violence
Authors: Cicerali Eyyüb Ensari , Cicerali Lütfiye Kaya
Published: March 2017

This chapter intends to inform the readers about workplace incivility, which is being rude to one's colleagues, with no apparent intention to harm. It is regarded as the basic level of counterproductive work behavior that might be tremendously injurious to an organization and its members. Not greeting subordinates, making sarcastic grimaces while talking with a coworker, and spreading rumors about the supervisor are few examples to incivility. The progenitors of workplace incivility research are two prominent organizational scientists from the USA, Lynne Andersson and Christine Pearson. They coined this term and published about this concept in a 1999 article. In the 17 years since its introduction, lots of researchers from different countries published about diverse aspects of incivility, its antecedents, consequences, measurement methods and interventions. Since incivility researchers tested myriad theories mainly from psychology, health, and criminology disciplines using both experimental and empirical methods, currently there is a huge accumulation of data.
Detecting Sexual Harassment in Workplace Electronic Communications Networks
Authors: Bishop Jonathan
Published: March 2017

Sexual harassment has been a problem within organisations for some time. Its manifestation in electronic communication networks can be seen to amount to cyber-bullying or cyber-stalking. Through looking at records relating to an instance of sexual harassment at a higher education institution, including from that member of staff's workplace, and those created by referrals to the police, the court service, and their workplace, this chapter shows how a piece of assistive technology called the ‘Protective Technology for Ensuring Guardianship of Environmental Resources' (PROTEGER) can automatically detect sexual harassment narratives. In this context, ‘environmental resources' should refer to both humans and documents. Human resource managers would be better equipped to deal with disputes between staff if PROTEGER was running on their local area network as it might not be a matter of one member of staff's word against another's.
Relativity in Perspective in Culture Theories
Authors: Cordeiro Cheryl Marie
Published: March 2017

Changing business environments due to the influence of technological advances have increased awareness amongst scholars and practitioners for a need to re-perspectivise culture beyond the normative dimensional construct. This chapter discusses the relative perspectives of culture in the dimensional and emergent theoretical frameworks. The purpose is to reconcile the two frameworks towards a holistic perspective of the study of culture in the field of international business studies. In illustration of how both frameworks are needed in order to understand human behaviour in the era of Industry 4.0, the processes of firm globalisation are discussed in relation to the elements of the Uppsala model and the Götheborg IV model. This chapter provides readers with a novel means of conceptualising culture beyond the dimensional construct. The model presented in this chapter can be used to help identify gaps in knowledge with regards to culture in organisation management. Practitioners are invited to apply the model supplied in this chapter to their consultative work where applicable.
The Relationship Between Employee Empowerment and Organizational Cynicism
Authors: Efeoğlu Efe Ibrahim , Pekkan Nazmiye Ulku
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between employee empowerment and organizational cynicism in the banking sector. Conditions of competition increasing with globalization and the rapid changes in technology have made it necessary to reveal creative and innovative sides of employees in organizations. It is a well-known fact that most organizations today, particularly banks, evaluate employees who work in fierce competition environments in terms of their abilities, skills, and qualifications. Same organizations are also known to develop these abilities, skills, and qualifications of employees through various practices such as authorization and empowerment and by this means they aim to provide their customers with better services. Developing an employee empowerment understanding could only be possible by delegating participation and decision-making authorization to employees, training and developing them, and creating a good communication environment in the organization. Otherwise, employees' attitudes towards the organization would be affected negatively.
Exploring the Role of Organizational Justice in the Modern Workplace
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: March 2017

This chapter indicates the relationship between organizational justice and organizational variables; organizational justice and trust; organizational justice and psychological ownership; organizational justice, ethical behavior, and ethical climate; organizational justice and emotion; organizational justice and negative organizational issues; organizational justice and employee turnover intention; organizational justice and burnout; and the importance of organizational justice in the modern workplace. Employees want to work for the fair and ethical organizations and be treated with respect. Organizational justice is an important asset that sustains productivity, profits, and employee morale in the modern workplace and refers to the extent to which employees perceive workplace procedure, interactions, and outcomes to be fair in nature. Enhancing organizational justice should be a priority for organization because it can reduce the incidence of workplace deviance, absence, and disengagement in the modern workplace.
Exploring Emotional Intelligence at Work
Authors: Orta Irem Metin , Camgoz Selin Metin
Published: March 2017

Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to perceive, understand, regulate, and use emotions. Organizational settings are now considered important arenas for the manifestation of human emotions. In order to establish long-term success, today's organizations continually emphasize the search for emotionally intelligent employees. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the current literature on emotional intelligence with respect to work-related attitudes, behaviors, and outcomes. In particular, it provides empirical evidence for the associations of emotional intelligence with job satisfaction, work performance, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, effective leadership, and well-being. This chapter also provides practical implications and suggestions for future research by addressing plausible moderators and mediators, which are related to emotional intelligence.
The Road to Egypt's Tahrir Square
Authors: Maziad Marwa , Abokhodair Norah , Garrido Maria
Published: March 2017

On January 25th 2011, Egyptians revolted, thereby making history. Before the date, roads to political activism were being incrementally built towards their eventual converging on Tahrir Square. This chapter argues that “nodes of convergence,” defined as shared political and economic grievances, as well as shared virtual and physical spaces, had to be created first before mass mobilization for a collective action of millions on the street could ensue. Providing in-depth examination of events leading to January 25th, this chapter offers a case study for mobilization, from which generalized theory is extrapolated about online communities' convergence, networking, and coalition building. Two main Facebook pages were studied: April 6th Youth Movement and We Are All Khaled Said-- both in Arabic. The conceptualization is built on anthropological fieldwork trips in Egypt since March 2011. This covered ethnographic participant-observations and interviewing. For evidence triangulation purposes of the “convergence effect”, the authors conducted qualitative content analysis of significant posts.
A Social Influence Perspective on Uses of Online Football Forums
Authors: Sayan Anıl , Gorgulu Vehbi , Erhart Itır , Aslanbay Yonca
Published: March 2017

This study aims to shed light on Turkish football forum users on the Internet from a social identity and uses and gratifications (U&G) perspective in order to reveal joint intentions among football fans online. The research model of the current study applies a uses and gratifications approach to examine whether fan motivations while using online football forums determine we-intentions among forum members. Social influence processes are also essential in the context of research on online forums, since they determine changes in attitudes and actions produced by the virtual social influence that may occur at different levels. Findings reveal uses and gratifications of football forum participation as maintaining interpersonal interconnectivity, generating entertainment and purposive value along with affective social identity construct determined we-intention among forum users.
The Art and Science in Communication
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: March 2017

One of the challenges facing the modern workforce is the increased diversity of the workforce and similarly complex prospective customers with disparate cultural backgrounds. Language barriers, cultural nuances, and value divergence can easily cause unintended misunderstandings and how low efficiency in internal communication in a multinational environment. It leads to conflict among employees and profit loss in organizational productivity. Therefore, effective communication by people from different cultures stands out significantly in the modern workforce who want to make inroads into international markets, take advantage of multiculturalism, and avoid possible side effects. The purpose of this chapter is on communication, specifically, the art and science in communication, resulting in communication skills and competencies in the modern workforce. The chapter will cover the meaning of communication, language, and history/philosophy of communication and will conclude with factors to be sensitive about when becoming effective cross cultural managers in the modern workforce.
Access and Accessibility of Academic Libraries' Electronic Resources and Services
Authors: Blummer Barbara , Kenton Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2017

An analysis of the literature on access and accessibility in academic libraries identified five themes including: evaluating electronic resources and services for disabled users, examining the digital divide and electronic access in countries with limited resources, analyzing access to library collections and services, increasing access to electronic resources and services, and utilizing tools to promote access to resources. The review highlighted the importance of assessment, user studies, collaboration, skills instruction, and technologies in fostering access and accessibility in academic libraries. Assessing all users' access to library resources remains essential in identifying issues with the delivery of services and materials through the web. User studies foster improved access to resources by revealing individuals' resource and instructional needs as well their physical impairments. Collaboration among various entities supports funding, resource acquisition, and service development, especially in countries with limited resources. Instruction, like collaboration, enhances users' access through the improvement of their information and digital literacy skills. Lastly, access and accessibility of library resources centers on the use of technology to support all users' abilities to utilize libraries materials and services. Students' access to library resources and services is critical for their completion of course work as well as their development of 21st Century skills.
Serious Game Leverages Productive Negativity to Facilitate Conceptual Change in Undergraduate Molecular Biology
Authors: Gauthier Andrea , Jenkinson Jodie
Published: March 2017

We designed a serious game, MolWorlds, to facilitate conceptual change about molecular emergence by using game mechanics (resource management, immersed 3rd person character, sequential level progression, and 3-star scoring system) to encourage cycles of productive negativity. We tested the value-added effect of game design by comparing and correlating pre- and post-test misconceptions, interaction statistics, and engagement in the game with an interactive simulation that used the same graphics and simulation system but lacked gaming elements. We tested first-, second-, and third-year biology students' misconceptions at the beginning and end of the semester (n = 526), a subset of whom played either the game (n = 20) or control (n = 20) for 30 minutes prior to the post-test. A 3x3 mixed model ANOVA revealed that, while educational level (first-, second-, or third-year biology) did not influence misconceptions from pre-test to post-test, the intervention type (no intervention, simulation, or game) did (p<.001). Pairwise comparisons showed that participants exposed to the interactive simulation (p = .007), as well as those exposed to the game (p<.001), lost significantly more misconceptions in comparison to those who did not receive any intervention, while adjusting for educational level. A trending difference was found between the simulation group and the gaming group (p = .084), with the gaming group resolving more misconceptions. Quantitative analysis of click-stream data revealed the greater exploratory freedom of the control simulation, with greater accessibility to individuals who do not play games on a regular basis. However, qualitative analysis of gameplay data showed that MolWorlds-players experienced significantly more instances of productive negativity than control-users (p<.001) and that a trending relationship exists between the quality of productively negative events and lower post-test misconceptions (p = .066).
Studies of Microdefects, Thermal Expansion and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Ni-Co Invar Alloys
Authors: Deng Wen , Li Li Xia , Xu Shou Lei , Zhang Wen Chun , Huang Yu Yang , Xiong Ding Kang
Published: March 2017

The microdefects, the thermal expansion coefficients and the magnetization -temperature curves of the Fe64Ni36-xCox (x=1~10) were characterized by means of positron lifetime, X-ray diffraction, Michelson's interferometer and VSM modular on PPMS, respectively. The Fe64Ni30Co6 alloy is a mixture of BCC and FCC structures. With the Co content increasing in Fe64Ni36-xCox alloys, the BCC phase increases, while the FCC phase decreases. In comparison with other Fe64Ni36-xCox alloys, the Fe64Ni31Co5 alloy has a rather high magnetization at temperature lower than Tc, a relatively large change of the magnetization with the temperature near Tc, and a rather low thermal expansion coefficient.
Advanced Possibilities of Fast Quality Check in Wire Production Processes by Means of Fast Microstructure Analysis
Authors: Oswald Anja , Schmidtchen Rosita , Šimek Daniel , Rafaja David , Kawalla Rudolf , Lehmann Gunter
Published: March 2017

A new method for a fast analysis of heavily deformed, multicomponent ferritic/pearlitic steels microstructure based on XRD measurements had been developed. Its practical application has been examined and proven during wire rod production of a high-strength eutectoid non-alloyed steel grade containing 0.81 weight percent carbon. For individual technological conditions, the lattice strains and their anisotropy were analysed quantitatively by means of fast X-ray diffraction measurements and correlated with the results of comprehensive mechanical testing. Obtained relationships between the microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties were described using physically based models and used to establish a material specific database for prediction of the mechanical properties from X-ray diffraction data. Depending on the deformation state different parameters have to be applied for the material’s macroscopic properties prediction. Additionally, the fast microstructure analysis can provide more detailed information in the case of deviations from the as-required material’s properties due to technological aberrations.
Development of a Procedure for Low-Temperature Testing of Wire Materials and Basic Research into the Behaviour of Materials in the Temperature Range of -50 to -80 °C
Authors: Korpala Grzegorz , Hoffmann Frank , Kawalla Rudolf
Published: March 2017

New technical applications and the ongoing infrastructural and industrial development of regions with extreme climatic conditions place ever greater demands on the properties of the materials used. On the one hand conventional materials can often meet such demands only to a limited extent whilst, on the other, a lack of experience means that sometimes no solid conclusions can be drawn regarding their suitability under extreme conditions. The examination of the influence of extreme environmental conditions on the behaviour of the material and the development of innovative materials with a tailored profile of properties is therefore one of the main tasks of modern material research as well as the material manufacturing and processing industry.
A conceptual framework for understanding leader selfschemas and the influence of those self-schemas on the integration of feedback
Authors: Pienaar J.W. , Nel Petrus
Published: March 2017

Orientation: Recently, the importance of blind spots, derailments and failures of leaders have been in the spotlight. Enhancing their levels of self-awareness is one of the steps leaders can take to avoid derailment. While it promotes self-awareness and decreases leadership blind spots, feedback is also considered one of the most effective tools available to modify behaviour. Researchers and practitioners are encouraged to explore the individual characteristics that will enhance or impede the feedback received from others so as to bring about behavioural change and increased levels of self-awareness.Motivation for the study: The aim of this theoretical article was to consider various conceptual frameworks and literature in an endeavour to illustrate how leaders’ self-schemas might explain the underlying reasons why some leaders are more likely to receive, integrate, assimilate and act on the feedback, while others are not, based on how they see themselves in relation to others.Research design, approach and method: A literature-based method was utilised for this study in order to provide a critical analysis of the available literature and illustrate the different theoretical perspectives and underpinnings. Practical/managerial implications: Leaders who are more likely to consider feedback and/or ask for feedback from others seem to be less prone to develop a blind spot and will therefore have a more accurate view of themselves. Those who have an over-rating of themselves are unlikely to have an accurate view of themselves. In an attempt to ‘protect’ this inflated view, such individuals will be less open to negative feedback, as it may challenge their own perspectives and opinions they hold of themselves. Individuals who hold an overly negative view of themselves are more likely to reject positive feedback and less likely to request or accept positive feedback as it may contradict the viewpoint they hold of themselves. They may however be more open to negative feedback that may ‘support’ their negative view of themselves.Contribution: This article provided some suggestions as to why leaders may be less willing to accept and integrate feedback into their self-schemas as well as how to develop their levels of self-awareness in order to benefit from feedback.
Graph-directed sprays and their tube volumes via functional equations
Authors: Çelik Derya , Koçak Şahin , Özdemir Yunus , Üreyen Adem Ersin
Published: March 2017

The notion of sprays introduced by Lapidus and his co-workers has proved useful in the context of fractal tube formulas. In the present note, we define a notion of a graph-directed spray, associated with a weighted directed graph. Using a simple functional equation satisfied by the volume of the inner

\varepsilon

-neighborhood of such a graph-directed spray, we establish a tube formula for them. We give also an example to illustrate the application of this notion to the computation of the tube volume of graph-directed fractals.