bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modelling of Metal/Flux Interface in a Continuous Casting Mould / Modelowanie Numeryczne Powierzchni Międzyfazowej Metal/Ciekły Żużel W Krystalizatorze Do Ciągłego Odlewania Stali
Authors: Jowsa J. , Bielnicki M. , Cwudziński A.
Published: January 2016

The behaviour of liquid slag in the mould is one of the key research areas of the continuous steel casting process. Numerical simulations of steel casting in the mould equipped with submerged entry nozzle, intended for slab casting, have been carried out within the study. For modelling the behaviour of the interfaces of the liquid steel - liquid slag - air system, the VOF method was employed. In the conducted simulations, seven different procedures for the discretization of the interface of individual phases were tested. The computation results have revealed that the “entrapment” of fine slag portions into liquid steel occurs in the system under investigation; the cause of this phenomenon is explicated by the Kelvin-Helmholtz theory.
Dissolution of Ceramic Monolith of Spent Catalytic Converters by Using Hydrometallurgical Methods / Rozpuszczanie Monolitu Ceramicznego Zużytych Katalizatorów Na Drodze Hydrometalurgicznej
Authors: Willner J. , Fornalczyk A.
Published: January 2016

Catalytic converters contain the catalytic substance in their structure, which is a mixture of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs): platinum, palladium and rhodium. The prices of these metals and a growing demand for them in the market, make it necessary to recycle spent catalytic converters and recovery of PGMs. The ceramic monolith of catalytic converters is still a predominant material in its construction among of multitude of catalytic converters which are in circulation. In this work attempts were made to leach additional metals (excluding Pt) from comminuted ceramic monolith. Classic leachant oxidizing media 10M H2SO4, HCl and H3PO4 were used considering the possibility of dissolution of the ceramic monolith.
Phase Composition of Iron Ore Sinters Produced with Biomass as a Substitute for the Coke Fuel / Skład Fazowy Spieków Żelaza Wytworzonych Z Dodatkiem Biomasy Jako Zamiennika Dla Koksu
Authors: Mežibrický R. , Fröhlichová M. , Mašlejová A.
Published: January 2016

The effort to minimize CO2 emissions leads the existing integrated steel plants to implement alternative biomass-based fuels that dispose of equilibrium carbon balance. The fuel is a key factor in the iron ore sinter production, so it is essential to know its impact not just on mechanical properties of the finished sintered ore but also on the mineral composition as the mineral phases together determine all observed sinter properties. For this purpose the samples prepared by replacing a part of coke breeze with charcoal or walnut shell substitute were subjected to the observation under the light microscope, also using etching, to the phase identification by chemical EDX analysis on the scanning electron microscope and to the phase composition quantification by X-Ray diffraction analysis. The studied microstructure areas in the vicinity of the pores left by fuel grains were neither characterized by different phases nor by changed chemical composition of these phases even thought mineral matter of the used fuels were substantially different in terms of the chemical composition. The only feature of the burned substitute fuels were ash particles arranged in characteristic shapes. The main reason of variation in ratios of respective mineral phases of samples appeared to be thermal conditions that were reflected in the content of unreacted non-ferrous phases. Coke substitution in the sinter mixture has no negative impact on the phase composition of the produced sinters, which confirms the prospective use of biofuels in the sintering process.
The Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters on Mechanical Characteristics of 10CrMo9-10 Steel Tube Bends / Wpływ Parametrów Obróbki Cieplnej Na Charakterystyki Mechaniczne Łuków Rurowych Ze Stali 10CrMo9-10
Authors: Cieśla M. , Findziński R. , Junak G. , Kawała T.
Published: January 2016

The purpose of the paper was to analyse the effect of diverse heat treatment parameters (normalising and tempering) on mechanical characteristics of the material used to develop ϕ508x20 tube bends made of the 10CrMo9-10 steel by application of induction heating. The research conducted included tests of basic mechanical properties as well as low cycle fatigue and creep at the temperature of 500°C. With reference to the results thus obtained, it has been established that there is a relationship between mechanical properties of bends and individual features of their microstructure conditional to the heat treatment parameters. Among other conclusions drawn in the research, it has been found that the main structural factor conditioning the mechanical properties of bends was the grain size. Heat treatment parameters characterised by lower temperature and shorter tempering time triggered changes in the material microstructure, such as increased grain comminution. The effects of the said changes included improvement of strength characteristics (Rm, Rp0,2) as well as increased material durability under conditions of fatigue and creep. Main criterion-specific mechanical properties and geometric features of the bends developed conformed with the relevant requirements of reference standards (PN-EN 10216-2, PN-EN 12952).
The Effect of Extrusion Parameters on Possibility of Extrusion of Magnesium Alloys in Continuous Rotary Extrusion Process / Wpływ Parametrów Procesu Wyciskania Na Możliwość Wyciskania Stopów Magnezu Metodą Ciągłego Wyciskania Na Kole
Authors: Mitka M. , Gawlik M. , Bigaj M. , Szymański W.
Published: January 2016

Continuous rotary extrusion (CRE) is the more and more frequently used variation of the plastic working process. Magnesium alloys, due to its properties are becoming increasingly popular as a substitute for aluminium alloys and steel, particularly in the aerospace and transportation industries. The main aim of this study was to optimize the parameters of the CRE process for selected commercial magnesium alloys such as AZ81 and AZ91. Extruded in CRE process rods were subjected to visual observations, microstructure examination, and testing of mechanical properties. Basing on the CRE test results and studies, parameters enabling successful execution of the process were specified. It was found that the greatest impact on the extrusion process has the die temperature, and it can be controlled mainly by adjustment of other CRE parameters (eg. process speed).
Explosive Cladding of Titanium and Aluminium Alloys on the Example of Ti6Al4V-AA2519 Joints / Wybuchowe Platerowanie Stopów Tytanu I Aluminium Na Przykładzie Połączenia Ti6Al4V-AA2519
Authors: Gałka A. , Najwer M.
Published: January 2016

Explosive cladding is currently one of the basic technologies of joining metals and their alloys. It enables manufacturing of the widest range of joints and in many cases there is no alternative solution. An example of such materials are clads that include light metals such as titanium and aluminum. ach new material combination requires an appropriate adaptation of the technology by choosing adequate explosives and tuning other cladding parameters. Technology enabling explosive cladding of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and aluminum AA2519 was developed. The clads were tested by means of destructive and nondestructive testing, analyzing integrity, strength and quality of the obtained joint.
Properties of the AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Round Bars Obtained in Different Rolling Processes / Własności Prętów Okrągłych Ze Stopu Magnezu AZ31 Otrzymanych W Różnych Procesach Walcowania
Authors: Stefanik A. , Szota P. , Mróz S. , Bajor T. , Dyja H.
Published: January 2016

Currently magnesium alloy bars are manufactured mainly in the extrusion process. This method has some drawbacks, which include: low process capacity, considerable energy demand, small length of finished products. Therefore it is purposeful to develop efficient methods for manufacturing of Mg alloy products in the form of bars, such methods include groove rolling and three-high skew rolling processes. Modified stretching passes provide change in material plastic flow, which contributes to the occurrence of the better distribution of stress and strain state than in the case of rolling in classical stretching passes. One of the modern method of Mg alloy bars production is rolling in a three-high skew rolling mill, which allows to set in a single pass a larger deformation compared to the rolling in the stretching passes.

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the AZ31 round bars production in the modified stretching passes and in the three-high skew rolling mill. The study of microstructural changes, hardness and the static tensile tests were made for as-cast and ready-rolled bars in both analyzed technologies.
Physical Modelling of Metal Forming of Bars Made of Magnesium Alloys (AZ61) / Fizyczne Modelowanie Warunków Przeróbki Plastycznej Prętów Ze Stopów Magnezu (AZ61)
Authors: Bajor T. , Dyja H. , Laber K.
Published: January 2016

This study presents the results of physical modelling of the processes of metal forming of bars made of magnesium alloy (AZ61) obtained using two research methodologies. The study employed the Gleeble 3800 testing system for simulation of metallurgical processes and a torsion plastometer. Depending on the research methodology used, the examinations were carried out in the temperature range of 200 ÷ 400°C and strain rate of (0.1 - 10 s-1). The results obtained in the study were used to determine the value of yield stress for AZ61 alloy for different strain procedures and different temperatures and strain ratios.
The Influence of Features of Aluminium Alloys 2024, 6061 and 7075 on the Properties of Glare-Type Composites / Wpływ Właściwości Stopów Aluminium 2024, 6061, 7075 Na Cechy Kompozytu Typu Glare
Authors: Wilk M.S. , Śliwa R.E.
Published: January 2016

The above paper presents the assumptions and results of the research whose aim was to determine the influence of 2024, 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys on the final properties of GLARE-type composites. GLARE 3 2/1 type composites, made of two layers of the epoxy prepreg, reinforced with unidirectional glass fibers, arranged in the direction of 0°/90°, and two sheets of aluminum with a thickness of 0.4 mm, were investigated. Composites of various stacking configurations of alloy layers, made of one type of aluminum alloy (so-called ‘homogeneous composites’), and two different alloys (mixed composites), were analyzed. The properties of the composites were evaluated with the use of the mixing rule and compared with the test results.

The influence of the used aluminum alloys on mechanical properties of GLARE-type composites has been determined. GLARE-type composite made of 7075 alloy sheets had the most favorable mechanical properties in comparison to properties of composites with 2024 and 6061 sheets. It has been shown how the properties of GLARE-type composites depend on the type of the aluminum alloy. It has been also proved that the properties of GLARE-type composites can be evaluated with the use of the mixing rule.
Effect of Broiler Breeders’ Age on Eggshell Temperature, Embryo Viability and Hatchability Parameters
Authors: Nowaczewski Sebastian , Babuszkiewicz Mateusz , Kaczmarek Sebastian
Published: January 2016

The aim of the study was to analyze eggshell temperature, embryo viability, and hatchability parameters of broiler breeders at different ages (26-30, 31-35, 36-40, 41-45, and 46-64 weeks). A total of 33,150 eggs from Ross 308 broiler breeders collected from commercial flocks were used to analyze the following: egg weight and egg weight loss during 18 days of incubation; eggshell temperature controlled on days 3, 14, and 18 of incubation; number of infertile eggs including eggs with dead embryos at early stages of development, that is, in the oviduct or after oviposition; the total percentage of embryonic mortality and the percentage of embryonic mortality at different times of incubation; unhatched, dead after hatching, and culled chicks as well as hatchability percentage from fertilized eggs. The hatchability results of Ross 308 broiler breeders were high from the beginning of reproductive season till the 40th week. However, the study failed to reveal any relationships between hatchability and the egg weight, average temperature of the shell, and egg weight loss during incubation period. The oldest hens, over 45 weeks of age, had the highest mortality of chicks and the greatest share of unhatched chicks.
Improving Teamwork Skills of the Students by Extra Curricular Activities
Authors: Robescu Lacramioara Diana , Manea Elena Elisabeta
Published: January 2016

Teamwork skills become increasingly a pre-requisite for employment success. All employers want to recruit graduates who are able to cooperate, share ideas and knowledge, solve problems, quickly adapt to new situation and work in teams. Romanian educational system is mainly based on the individual study, but it has to adapt to this request. The paper presents two different extra curricular activities that were organized in University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Faculty of Power Engineering, in order to develop these skills on the students. The students had to work together two weeks to develop a project, but in one of them they worked without having to physically be together at all times, by using the internet as the main communication method. Both events involved students or young graduates from different countries. The Romanian students never had an experience like these before, they were very enthusiastic and they really appreciated the skills and knowledge gained in these events.
An Important Factor of Research University Development: the Role of a pre-Masters Program for International Students
Authors: Guzarova Nadejda I. , Kashkan Galina V. , Soon Lisa , Shakhova Nina B.
Published: January 2016

This paper considers the important practicality, scientific and methodological principles in the design of the pre-masters program in National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (or simply TPU). TPU is a university that mainly provides technical education, particularly education in engineering, science and technology disciplines. The design of the pre-masters program also considers the incorporation of educational technology for its realization for the international students, who received the bachelor’s degrees in other countries in English language and want to study masters programs in Russian language in Russia. According to the results of a comparative analysis that explored the experiences of the international students from English-speaking and Russian-speaking universities in the world within their pre-bachelors and pre-masters programs, this paper explains the differences between these programs and the specific features of the pre-masters programs. Further, this paper reports the analysis results of the implementation, monitoring and outcomes of the pre-masters program in TPU. It also presents some proposals for its further development.
Instrument for the Visualization and Evaluation of the Intellectual Property Assets in the Knowledge Based Economy
Authors: Ţîţu Mihail Aurel , Oprean Constantin , Răulea Andreea Simina , Ţîţu Ştefan
Published: January 2016

The intellectual property is a concept of whose content and materialization find themselves more and more in the attention of the researchers and practitioners. The increased number of the works that approach such an issue is the argument that supports the previous affirmation. The intellectual property assets attract the interest of all the organizations from the local to the global level. The important pillars of the European Strategy 2020 formulated by the European Commission are based on the capitalization of the innovation knowledge and of the intellectual property. The increased interest towards innovation and intangible assets is given to the awareness of their economic potential. This is the reason why the evaluation and the valuation of the intellectual property capitalization propose an evaluation methodology unanimously accepted. The aim of this article is to present a visualization and evaluation instrument for the intellectual property assets, realized in a framework of a European research project with 15 partners from countries that are situated in the South Eastern Europe.
Internship and Private Fellowship: Why is it Difficult for Companies to Find Suitable Candidates?
Authors: Rusu Bogdan
Published: January 2016

This exploratory study aims to identify the factors that prevent companies to find suitable candidates for private fellowships and internships: what students believe to be the causes, how would they explain these and which stakeholders should be involved to eliminate them. Data collection based on a sample of 18 engineering students that attended a company presentation inviting applications for private fellowship and student practice. Opinions were expressed in writing prior to structured interviews and group discussions. Limitations to this study are the relatively small sample size (n =18) and reliance on self-report measures. Information related causes were perceived by the students to lead their decisions, followed by lack of self-confidence of successful application for the grant. Respondents were classified in „Doers”, „Wishers “and „Lagers”. Universities must reinvent themselves in order to provide students with better knowledge and confidence on the job market, measured through a larger number of doers, which could become role models for wishers. Such process may generate a “critical mass” or tipping point in the transformation of a significant number of “wishers and lagers”. Whilst some of the students’ opinions are subjective, cooperation between universities and companies must continue to improve in order to enhance learning and better prepare students for their future careers.
Worldwide Good Practices in Managing the Orientation of Technical Education Towards Sustainable Development
Authors: Costache Cătălina , Dumitrascu Dănuţ Dumitru
Published: January 2016

Our study aims to provide a global picture of good sustainable practices and initiatives in the field of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). In order to outline the major positive practices worldwide, a document analysis was performed on international relevant documents (reports, academic studies, guides, rules and regulations, work papers). This method was complemented by discussions with local representatives of school administration, who provided specific evidence on curricular and extracurricular activities conducted locally. Our findings confirm that various sustainable initiatives in TVET took place at an international level, mostly involving multiple stakeholders in the public sector, private sector and civil society. However, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of these initiatives due to the unequal cooperation of several countries in responding to the UNESCO questionnaires, and to the targets they address. Many of the initiatives outlined in our study appear to have a strong cultural and ethnical dimension. The organization of such examples of good practices according to the different types of learning systems (formal, non-formal and informal education) provides a large framework for different Education actors at international, national and local level, allowing them to inspire when making policies decisions to integrate Sustainable Development in Technical educational courses.
“Internet of Things” Contribution to Electrical Energy Efficiency and Society Eco-Education
Authors: Streltov Roman , Bogdan Mihai
Published: January 2016

This paper aims at analyzing the place and possible contribution of “Internet of Things” (IoT) in the context of the EU’s ambitious climate and energy targets for 2020. Using qualitative methodology we are mainly focusing on Demand Side Management (DSM) as an effective method in balancing the load of Electrical Distribution Networks.

The role of IoT in DSM is to enable and enhance electrical energy peak demand reduction and its maximum uniform time-distribution achieved through society’s eco-education. Using computational tools such as Data Mining and Recommender System we can achieve results at the level of electrical energy distribution network reflected in peak reduction and its uniform time distribution.
Driving Simulators for Human Vehicle Interaction Design
Authors: Tucă Alexandra , Croitorescu Valerian , Oprean Mircea , Brandemeir Thomas
Published: January 2016

The interaction human-vehicle, as well as driver’s behavior are subject long debated in the automotive engineering domain. Driving simulators have an extraordinary important role allowing research that would not be possible to study in real world scenarios.

A driver uses his sensory inputs to obtain the required input to base his decision on. The bandwidth of the required input signal should be in accordance to the driver’s task. For simple tasks, like turning on the screen wipers or direction indicator, low frequency information is sufficient. High frequency information is required when cornering on a busy road or when driving in relatively limit situations.

The optimal configuration of each sub-system remains a significant cause for debate and still poses a major challenge when considering the ability of simulators to extract realistic driver behavior. If a difference is observed between real and virtual conditions, the factors specifically cause these differences are very difficult to be explained.
A Model for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems with Application Potential in Management
Authors: Pascadi Mihai
Published: January 2016

Systems’ modeling represents a valuable management instrument. The paper proposes a possible modeling method for the behavior of economic (or other type of) non-linear dynamic systems.

To this end, it uses a particular (input-state-output) vector sample based function to approximate the n-dimensional vector field describing the modeled system.

The paper presents the approximation algorithm that was developed and further tested with good results on a limited (yet) set of data.

The approach enables the development of future trainable models, convergent to the “to be modeled” systems, task considered the next step to be done.

The main benefit resides in the possibility to develop models in order to simulate and predict evolutions, may it be the evolution of a product in a market, of an institution/company in its environment or of another economic sub-system of interest.
Designing a Hardware Platform for Training Operators of Critical Infrastructures
Authors: Călin Neamţu , Achelariţei Camelia , Anghel Ion , Bodi Ştefan
Published: January 2016

Critical infrastructures could endanger the trainees’ lives and/or the environment. The nature of these infrastructures often does not allow staff training in real situations. This paper presents the processes involved in designing a virtual reality platform (hardware and software) to provide a safe training environment, which is believed to be able to better support in the training of staff involved in critical infrastructures. The design of this training platform includes the considerations and adoption of an innovation algorithm based on the TRIZ method. The paper addresses the training process of personnel who operate offshore drilling facilities. The platform is in the physical development stage within the CREVIS project and it will allow personnel training from critical infrastructures in a mixed environment: real / virtual.
An improved and sustainable approach for the synthesis of α,β-dibromo ketones using ceric ammonium nitrate and ammonium bromide
Authors: Totawar Balaji B. , Kulkarni Pramod S. , Pudukulathan Zubaidha K.
Published: January 2016

A simple and environmentally benign procedure for the bromination of substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones in good yield has been described using ammonium bromide as a brominating agent and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a single-electron oxidant to afford α,β-dibromoketones. The reaction involves C-Br bond formation by radical method generated by CAN. The reaction can be carried out by either at room temperature, stirring in solvent CH3CN or under aqueous moist condition with few drops of water by manual grinding in a mortar and pestle.
Determination of the stability constant of the calcium binding ligand in black liquor (BL) by potentiometric titration
Authors: Granholm Kim , Sokalski Tomasz , Lewenstam Andrzej , Ivaska Ari
Published: January 2016

The calcium binding ligand in black liquor (BL) has been investigated by the new CSSP (circumvention of slope and standard potential) method, which converts the potential of an ion-selective electrode to concentration or activity. The advantage of this approach is that the knowledge about the electrode standard potential and the slope of the calibration curve is not needed. Instead, two activities of calcium ion on the titration curve have to be estimated, for instance the starting activity before the titration begins and the activity at the end of the titration in presence of a large excess of the titrant. A solid-contact Ca2+-selective electrode was used to determine the stability constant of the Ca binding ligand in BL. In addition, the concentration of free and bound calcium was determined. The total Ca concentration obtained by the CSSP approach agreed well to that obtained by the ICP-OES technique. Other metal ions did not influence the determination if the BL concentration is around 3%.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-5-carboxy-2-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-κ2
O:N)-cobalt(II)]dihydrate, C26H24N2O12Co
Authors: Zhao Yan , Hu Xu-Ze , Li Shi-Hui
Published: January 2016

C26H24N2O12Co, triclinic, P1̅, a = 6.892(3) Å, b = 8.469(4) Å, c = 11.306(5) Å, α = 86.963(6)°, β = 88.691(5)°, γ = 85.404(6)°, V = 694.14(15) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt
(F) = 0.0561, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1319, T = 293(2) K.
The hidden meanings in the case law of the European Court for Human Rights
Authors: Ervo Laura
Published: January 2016

In my paper, I will study the case law of the European Court of Human Rights by using discourse analysis as a method. My hypothesis is that the court has changed its line concerning the right to a fair trial (in article 6 of the European Convention for Human Rights) over the last twenty years. Earlier, it always defended the rights of the accused and the authorities’ problems, for instance, in fact gathering, were recessive. The same covered the rights of the witnesses even if the court usually confessed that also the witness has their rights, which should be respected. It also stressed that authorities of course have difficulties with proof – for example – the offences that are connected with the organized crime. Still, the rights of defense were always number one and inviolate. During recent years, the line seems to have changed even if the court has not transparently said so. However, it has given some new precedents by the Grand Chamber where the rights of the defense have been limited more than before; for instance, the cases Jalloh v. Germany (11 July 2006), Gäfgen v. Germany (1 June 2010), and Al-Khawaja and Tahery v. Great Britain (15 December 2011). The expressions used in case law show that the way of thinking has changed as well. Still, the changes are sometimes more hidden than transparent where discourse analysis is the only tool for catching the changes and showing differences in the thinking of the court.
Effects of Cavity Configurations on Flameholding and Performances of Kerosene Fueled Scramjet Combustor
Authors: Shi Deyong , Song Wenyan , Wang Yuhang , Wang Yanhua
Published: January 2016

In this work, the effects of cavity flameholder configurations on flameholding and performances of kerosene fueled scramjet combustor were studied experimentally and numerically. For experiments, a directly connected ground facility was used and clean high enthalpy air, with a total temperature of 800 K and a total pressure of 800 Kpa, was provided by an electricity resistance heater. To investigate the effects of cavity configurations on flameholding capacity and reacting-flow characteristics, three different flameholders, one single cavity flameholder and two tandem cavity flameholders, were used in experiments. For the two combustors with tandem cavity flameholders, the location and configurations of its up-stream cavity were same with the single cavity flameholder, and the length-to-depth ratios for down-stream cavities were 9 and 11 respectively. The experimental results showed that stabilize kerosene combustion were achieved for combustor with tandem cavity flameholders mounted, and none for that with single cavity flameholder. The none-reacting and reacting flows of combustor models with tandem cavity flameholders were compared and studied with numerical and experimental results. The results showed that higher combustion efficiencies and pressure recovery ratios were achieved for the combustor with down-stream cavity length-to-depth ratio of 9.
Peter Paul Rubens, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc and Joan of Arc
Authors: Borusowski Piotr
Published: January 2016

In 2011 a discovery was made at the Department of Prints and Drawings of the National Museum in Warsaw - a drawing hitherto described as a Kneeling knight by an anonymous seventeenth-century artist, turned out to be Joan of Arc, a sketch well-known to art historians studying the oeuvre of Peter Paul Rubens, although thought to be lost during the Second World War. The drawing, until now known only through the black and white photograph, could be thoroughly analysed for the first time. In the context of information thus obtained, the historical context of creating the sketch transpired as an equally important matter, including the hypothetical role that may have been played in its creation by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc.
Globėjų biologinių vaikų vaidmuo globos procese: „Mes visi tapom jų globėjais, mokytojais, motinomis ir tėvais“
Authors: Bagdonaitė-Stelmokienė Ramunė
Published: January 2016

Lietuvoje globojančios šeimos klausimai analizuojami gana siaurai: daugiausiai žiūrima į globojamų vaikų gyvenimo kokybę, aptariami globėjų ir globojamų vaikų tarpusavio santykiai. Tačiau globojančioje šeimoje gali augti ir biologiniai vaikai, o jų balsas nėra pakankamai girdimas. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti globėjų biologinių vaikų patirtį šeimoje, globojančioje ne giminaitį vaiką, pabrėžiant globėjų vaikų vaidmenį globos procese. Straipsnio autorės atlikto kokybinio fenomenologinio tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kokį poveikį ne giminaičio vaiko globa daro globėjų vaikams, ką jie išgyvena; kas ir kaip, jų nuomone, šeimoje pasikeičia priėmus globoti ne giminaitį vaiką; kokį vaidmenį prisiima globos procese. Tai pirmasis tyrimas Lietuvoje, siekiantis apibūdinti gilesnį šio fenomeno supratimą taip kaip jį suvokia globėjų biologiniai vaikai.
Vaikų raidos rizikos ir apsauginiai veiksniai
Authors: Buzaitytė-Kašalynienė Jolita
Published: January 2016

Straipsnyje remiantis ekologiniu sisteminiu požiūriu į vaiko raidą aptariami vaikų raidos rizikos ir apsauginiai veiksniai. Gilinamasi į rizikos ir apsauginių veiksnių sampratą, šios srities tyrimų teorines prielaidas ir metodologinius sunkumus, pateikiama šios srities tyrimų rezultatų apžvalga, aptariamos šių tyrimų bei streso ir atsparumo tyrimų sąsajos. Tyrimai rizikos bei apsauginių veiksnių ir atsparumo srityje padeda numatyti nepageidaujamus vaikų raidos padarinius mažinančias, kompensuojančias bei sušvelninančias prevencines ir intervencines socialinės pedagoginės pagalbos vaikams strategijas. Socialinė pedagoginė pagalba turi būti skirta mažinti rizikos veiksnius ir stiprinti apsauginius veiksnius.
Between a risk society and a welfare state: social risk resilience and vulnerability to poverty in Lithuania
Authors: Navickė Jekaterina
Published: January 2016

This paper looks into the role the tax-benefit system plays in mitigating widespread socio-economic risks and individual vulnerability to poverty. The drivers behind the changing role of the risk-mitigating social policies are analysed looking through the theoretical lenses of the risk society. The performance of the tax-benefit system in providing a safety net against income loss in cases of unemployment and childbirth is evaluated using the stress-testing approach proposed by Atkinson (2009). The method is applied on a Lithuanian case using the microsimulation model EUROMOD for a period of 2007-2012. The analysis suggests that the role of the welfare state shifts towards promotion of individual responsibility for risk management. The welfare state policies can produce substantially different levels of vulnerability to poverty among population groups facing different risks. In the context of the recent economic crisis in Lithuania, the protection provided by the welfare state declined, while the traditional mutual support among the household members played a major role in the risk management process.
Socialinis darbas su jaunimu gatvėje – pirmoji patirtis Lietuvoje
Authors: ŠVEDAITĖ-SAKALAUSKĖ Birutė , EIDUKEVIČIŪTĖ Danielė
Published: January 2016

Straipsnyje pristatoma socialinio darbo su jaunimu gatvėje teorinė koncepcija, kuri pasaulyje egzistuoja jau daugiau kaip 40 metų, ir remiantis atliktu kokybiniu tyrimu aptariama pirmoji gatvės socialinio darbo patirtis Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje susitelkiama į gatvės socialinio darbo strategijos atsiradimo visuomenines priežastis, analizuojama gatvės socialinio darbo principinė laikysena, aptariamos darbo gatvėje kryptys, tikslai ir funkcijos, nagrinėjama socialinio darbo gatvėje metodologija ir darbui reikalingos kompetencijos. Išskiriamos pagrindinės gatvės socialinio darbo problemos ir kritiniai taškai, specifiniai šio darbo iššūkiai Lietuvoje. Apibendrinant galima teigti, kad gatvės socialinio darbo su jaunimu koncepcija atkeliavo ir į Lietuvą. Ir nors kol kas yra vos kelios pavienės organizacijos, besirūpinančios gatvės socialinio darbo diegimu ir plėtra Lietuvoje, turinčios labai ribotų išteklių (žmogiškųjų, materialiųjų, galios ir įtakos požiūriu), o Lietuvos socialinė politika dar nėra atpažinusi ir pripažinusi tokio socialinio darbo su jaunais žmonėmis poreikio, vis dėlto galima teigti, kad startas duotas. Pirmieji gatvės socialinio darbo projektai Lietuvoje tiek paradigmine laikysena, tiek metodologija visiškai atitinka gatvės socialinio darbo koncepcijos esmines nuostatas ir gali būti visiškai atpažįstami kaip tas pats reiškinys, kurį Vakaruose įprasta vadinti gatvės socialiniu darbu.
Socialinių paslaugų kokybės standartizavimas Lietuvoje
Authors: ADOMAITYTĖ-SUBAČIENĖ Ieva
Published: January 2016

Straipsnyje aptariami iššūkiai socialinių paslaugų sektoriui ir poreikis kurti kokybės valdymo ir užtikrinimo sistemą. Socialinių paslaugų sektorius yra vienas iš sparčiausiai augančių nūdienos ekonomikos sektorių Europoje, daugėjant paslaugų gavėjų, mažėja valstybės galimybės prisidėti prie socialinių paslaugų organizavimo, taip išryškėja visuomenės savireguliacijos funkcijų poreikis ir socialinių paslaugų sektoriaus ekonomizavimo problema. Straipsnyje pateikiamas socialinių paslaugų teikimo Lietuvoje kontekstas, analizuojami nauji iššūkiai, kylantys šiam sektoriui, ir grindžiama būtinybė diegti kokybės užtikrinimo ir vertinimo modelius. Straipsnyje taip pat analizuojamos skirtingos kokybės koncepcijos ir šių koncepcijų taikymo socialinių paslaugų sektoriuje galimybės ir teorinės prielaidos. Aptariant socialinio darbo specifiką ir klientų įtraukimo svarbą, analizuojamas išorinio kokybės užtikrinimo, paremto griežtu standartizavimu, ir vidinio kokybės užtikrinimo, kuris remiasi profesine savireguliacija ir etika, santykis. Straipsnyje pateikiamos socialinių paslaugų standartizavimo prielaidos ir bruožai, aptariama standartizavimo praktika Europoje. Taip pat nagrinėjama kokybės apibrėžimo kaip bendro suinteresuotų šalių susitarimo problema ir analizuojamas socialinių paslaugų kokybės sąvokos vartojimo kontekstas bei kokybės apibrėžties interpretacijos Lietuvos strateginiuose dokumentuose.
Šeimos narių patirtis globojant Alzheimerio liga sergančius artimuosius
Authors: GEVORGIANIENĖ Violeta , PILKYTĖ Danguolė
Published: January 2016

Alzheimerio liga paveikia visą šeimos sistemą. Artimiesiems tenka spręsti ligonio globos klausimus. Nesant specializuotų paslaugų, dažnai ryžtamasi globoti ligonį namuose. Kokybinis tyrimas, kuriuo siekta atskleisti šeimos narių patirtį globos procese, parodė, kad kartų solidarumo teorijos požiūriu apsisprendimą globoti dažniausiai lemia normatyvinis solidarumas ir nepasitikėjimas globos institucijomis. Artimieji susiduria su dideliais globos iššūkiais ir ne visada pajėgūs juos įveikti patys. Tačiau paslaugų, kurios atlieptų specifinius globėjų poreikius, stinga. Todėl Alzheimerio liga sergančius artimuosius globojantys šeimos nariai, nepaisant didelio socialinės pagalbos, informacijos ir psichologinės paramos poreikio, lieka ,,nematomi“ paslaugų sistemai. Šiuo požiūriu didelę reikšmę įgyja funkcinis šeimos narių solidarumas, suponuojantis paramos mainus sudėtingomis globos situacijomis.
Studentų, dalyvavusių mainų programose, tapatumo kūrimo patirtis
Authors: BALTUŠNINKAITĖ Rūta , SONDAITĖ Jolanta
Published: January 2016

Psichologinio tapatumo esmė yra vientisumo ir prasmės gyvenime pojūtis, kurį leidžia išgyventi savo patirties įprasminimas. Šio darbo tikslas buvo išanalizuoti, kaip studentų, dalyvavusių mainų programose, patirtis prisideda kuriant tapatumą: asmeniniu, santykių ir kolektyviniu lygmeniu. Duomenys buvo renkami fokus grupės metodu, o analizuojami taikant įprasminimo analizę. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad studentai, dalyvavę mainų programose, asmeninio tapatumo lygmeniu didžiausią reikšmę teikė savo galimybėms ir atsakomybei suvokti, taip pat išmoko valdyti stresą. Tyrimo dalyvių santykiai su šeimos nariais sustiprėjo, atsirado didesnis atvirumas, noras tobulėti bendraujant. Įprasminimai kolektyvinio tapatumo lygmeniu paskatino domėtis savo šalies istorija, savo kultūros šaknimis, taip pat dalyviai suvokė, kas jiems nepriimtina kitoje kultūroje.
Morphology of Malaysian Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa): Diversity, Origin and Implications for Weed Management
Authors: Sudianto Edi , Neik Ting-Xiang , Tam Sheh May , Chuah Tse-Seng , Idris Akmal Adilah , Olsen Kenneth M. , Song Beng-Kah
Published: January 2016

Weedy rice is one of the most dominant and competitive weed species found throughout rice planting areas worldwide. In Malaysia, a combination of agricultural practices such as direct seeding and shared use of machinery has contributed to the rapid proliferation of weedy rice across paddy fields in recent decades. Here, we report on the morphological characterization of weedy rice populations and inferred origin(s) of different morphotypes present in Peninsular Malaysia. Eight weedy rice morphotypes were distinguished based on a combination of traits such as awn presence/absence and hull color, from 193 accessions collected in 17 locations. Results showed a high proportion of awnless accessions (strawhull-, intermediate strawhull-, and brownhull-colored morphotypes, together composing 65% of sampled accessions), with awned accessions represented by strawhull, brownhull, and blackhull forms. Clustering and PCA analyses revealed four major clusters: (1) O. rufipogon and the majority of awned, blackhull, and brownhull—suggestive of a type of weedy rice originating from wild Oryza populations; (2) elite indica cultivar rice and the majority of strawhull weeds—supporting a previous proposal that weedy rice from Malaysia mainly evolved from indirect selection on cultivars for easy-shattering feral forms; (3) the majority of brownhull; and (4) a mixture of other weedy morphotypes—potentially reflecting multiple origins and subsequent admixture. The combination of key morphological descriptors will be useful for advising farmers appropriately in strategies for controlling the spread of weedy rice, including periodic manual weeding to reduce buildup of the seed bank in the fields.
Triclopyr Reduces Foliar Bleaching from Mesotrione and Enhances Efficacy for Smooth Crabgrass Control by Altering Uptake and Translocation
Authors: Yu Jialin , McCullough Patrick E.
Published: January 2016

Turfgrass managers can reduce foliar bleaching of smooth crabgrass from mesotrione by tank-mixing triclopyr ester with applications. These tank mixtures also have potential to enhance smooth crabgrass control compared to mesotrione alone. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the influence of triclopyr on the efficacy, absorption, and translocation of mesotrione in multitiller smooth crabgrass. In field experiments, tank-mixing triclopyr at 560 or 1,120 g ae ha−1with mesotrione at 140 g ai ha−1applied sequentially or at 280 g ha−1applied singly provided excellent control (> 90%) of multitiller smooth crabgrass in tall fescue. These treatments were more effective than mesotrione alone and fenoxaprop at 195 g ai ha−1that averaged 66 and 81% control after 6 wk, respectively. Mesotrione alone at 280 g ha−1bleached smooth crabgrass 53% at 2 wk after initial treatment (WAIT), and was 14% greater than the 140 g ha−1treatment. Sequential treatments of the low mesotrione rate bleached smooth crabgrass 16 to 22% from 3 to 5 WAIT. Triclopyr tank mixtures reduced smooth crabgrass bleaching from mesotrione on all dates to < 5%. Tall fescue injury was not detected at any evaluation date. In laboratory experiments, smooth crabgrass reached peak foliar absorption of14C-mesotrione at 24 and 168 h after treatment (HAT; 23% and 15%) when mesotrione was applied with triclopyr at 1,120 and 0 g ha−1, respectively. Triclopyr reduced translocation of radioactivity 12% at 72 and 168 HAT, compared to14C-mesotrione alone. Enhanced foliar uptake of mesotrione from triclopyr tank mixtures might improve control of multitiller smooth crabgrass compared to mesotrione alone. Reduced foliar bleaching from triclopyr is associated with less translocation of mesotrione or derivatives in smooth crabgrass.
Die rol van alkohol- en dwelmmisbruik by vrouemishandeling: 'n Maatskaplikewerk-perspektief
Authors: Slabbert I
Published: January 2016

Vrouemishandeling bied 'n groot uitdaging vir maatskaplike werkers. In Suid-Afrika word na berekening elke 6 ure 'n vrou vermoor deur haar lewensmaat, die hoogste voorkomssyfer ter wêreld. Navorsing toon 'n verband tussen vrouemishandeling en alkohol- en dwelmmisbruik. Vanuit die ekologiese perspektief word die sosiale omgewing van 'n persoon as onlosmaaklik deel van haar beskou en dit is dus 'n geskikte teoretiese uitgangspunt vir hierdie studie. 'n Kwalitatiewe studie is gedoen, en etiese klaring is daarvoor verkry. Die doel van die studie was om vroue se ervaring rondom intieme geweld te ondersoek, asook die moontlike rol wat alkohol- en dwelmmisbruik speel in gewelddadige verhoudings. Die studie was beskrywend en verkennend van aard en 20 vroue is daarvoor geïdentifiseer, deur middel van doelbewuste en sneeubal-steekproefneming. Data is ingesamel deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Tydens verwerking van die data is vyf temas geïdentifiseer, naamlik alkoholmisbruik deur lewensmaat, dwelmmisbruik deur lewensmaat, alkoholmisbruik deur die deelnemers aan die studie, statutêre intervensie en polisie-intervensie. Die gevolgtrekking kan gemaak word dat die deelnemers groot uitdagings ervaar het ten opsigte van intieme geweld. Meer as die helfte van die deelnemers het aangedui dat hul lewensmaat alkohol en/of dwelms misbruik het.
Geweld in post-apartheid skole - waar lê die oplossing?
Authors: Davids N , Waghid Y
Published: January 2016

Die meerderheid staatskole in Suid-Afrika het voortdurend met geweldige hoë vlakke van geweld te kampe. Die toenemende aantal insidente van fisiese geweld tussen leerders sowel as tussen leerders en onderwysers bring nie net vernedering teweeg nie, maar het ook daartoe gelei dat skole minder funksioneel geword het (Leoschut & Bonora 2007; Mncube & Harber 2013; Zulu, Urbani & Van der Merwe 2004). Die nasionale Departement van Basiese Onderwys (DvBO) het met verskeie beleide, prosedures en strategieë gereageer wat onder andere die volgende insluit: Alternatives to corporal punishment (DvBO 2000) en verskeie veiligheidsprogramme, soos A national school safety framework. Hierdie beleide en strategieë was nie net onvoldoende nie, maar het ook die onvoorspelbaarheid van geweld blootgestel. Gevolglik poog hierdie artikel om, eerstens, die aard en voorkoms van geweld in Suid-Afrikaanse skole te openbaar, en tweedens, aan die tekortkominge van huidige beleide en strategieë rakende die ontwikkeling van veilige skole aandag te skenk. Daarna poog ons om 'n interpretatiewe analise van wyses om oor geweld wat deel van demokratiese burgerskap uitmaak, te beredeneer. Die bedoeling is om die gedagte van burgerskaponderwys in wording wat die onvoorspelbaarheid van geweld in eie potensialiteit die hoof kan bied, te belig. Ons probeer nie om 'n resep vir die hantering van geweld in skole te verskaf nie. So 'n poging sal veronderstel dat ons die aard van geweld verstaan, wat nie moontlik is nie. In stede hiervan verwys ons na Rancière (1991:15) se mening dat leerders gemaan moet word om hulle intelligensie te gebruik, om juis deur die toepassing van spraak gewelddadige optrede die hoof te bied.
Die kwessie van Kaaps: Afrikaansonderrig op skool benodig 'n meer inklusiewe benadering / The issue of Kaaps: Afrikaans teaching at school needs a more inclusive approach
Authors: le Cordeur M
Published: January 2016

Dit word wêreldwyd aanvaar dat moedertaalonderrig die beste resultate lewer. As dit waar is van Afrikaans, Engels, en ons inheemse tale, dan geld dieselfde argument ook vir Kaaps, die moedertaal van etlike miljoene sprekers. Die navorsingsvraag is of Kaaps in die skoolkurrikulum verreken moet word in die skole waar die leerders hoofsaaklik Kaaps as huistaal het, en indien wel, hoe moet dit geskied? Die metodologie behels 'n blik op die geskiedenis en huidige status van Kaaps; of daar ruimte is vir Kaaps binne die doelwitte van die KABV; die invloed van Kaaps op sy sprekers se persepsie van hul identiteit; die spanning tussen Kaaps en Standaardafrikaans te midde van die herstandaardiseringsproses; en tot watter mate Kaaps in Suid-Afrikaanse skole tot sy reg kom. Die studie bevind dat leerders wat met Kaaps grootword, benadeel word. Die studie beveel dus aan dat Afrikaansonderrig op skool 'n meer inklusiewe benadering moet volg, wat aan Kaaps sy regmatige plek in die kurrikulum sal gee.