bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viabilidad del uso de cenizas de vinaza como fertilizante para forrajeras
Authors: Oliveira Luciano Ricardo de , Frias Danila Fernanda Rodrigues , Lema André da Cruz França , Andreani Junior Roberto
Published: April 2021

Fue evaluada la utilización de cenizas de vinaza como fertilizante para forrajeras. La vinaza fue llevada a mufla a 600ºC por 90 minutos para producción de las cenizas. Se sembró la forrajera Urochloa brizantha - cv. Marandu, en bolsas plásticas de polietileno que se mantuvieron en casa de vegetación. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron la aplicación de ceniza de vinaza en cantidades equivalentes a 0, 100, 250, 500, 1000 kg/ha. Las plantas fueron cortadas con 30 días y 60 días para evaluar la producción de materia seca (MS) y materia verde (MV). En el suelo enriquecido, se retiró una muestra para realizar análisis. Hubo corrección de pH del suelo y aumento de los macrominerales fósforo, potasio, calcio y magnesio. El tratamiento con 100 kg/ha se mostró más eficaz e elevó en promedio el 18,5% la producción de MV y el 24% la producción de MS de la forrajera estudiada. Se concluye que el uso de cenizas de vinaza es una potencial fuente de minerales para forrajeras.
Fuentes de luz de uso clínico en el pre grado: 7 años de seguimento
Authors: Esteves Barata Terezinha Jesus , Ribeiro de Carvalho Igor Cesar , Uchoa-Junior Francisco Antonio , Costa Firmiano Tainah , Pedrosa Oliveira Amanda , Carlos de Freitas Gersinei , Gonzaga Lopes Lawrence , Miranda de Torres Érica
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Realizar, durante siete años ininterrumpidos, un control y seguimiento de las fuentes de luz disponibles en las clínicas odontológicas de pre graado de una Institución de Enseñanza Superior Pública Brasileña. Material y métodos: Durante el período comprendido entre 2011-2017 se evaluó el control de calidad de las fuentes de luz de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Goiás a través del análisis de su estado de conservación y de su densidad de potencia (mW/cm2). Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a un análisis estadístico descritpivo y a las pruebas de Levene, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn y Chi-cuadrado (P<0,05). Resultados: No se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas del estado de conservación de las fuentes de luz entre los años 2012, 2016 y 2017 (p>0,05). Sí se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los valores de densidad de potência entre dichos años (p<0,0001). En las comparaciones por pares, los valores de densidad de potencia para los años 2011 (p<0,01) y 2012 (p<0,05) fueron estadísticamente diferentes de los años 2015, 2016 y 2017. Conclusiones: Comparativamente se observó una mejora sustancial del estado de conservación de las fuentes de luz en los cuatro años iniciales de evaluaciones, con una disminución en el quinto año y una estabilización en los dos últimos años. Durante los siete años de estudio de la densidad de potencia de las fuentes de luz se observó en un aumento gradual de la misma con una estabilización de los resultados a partir del quinto año de control de calidad.
Uso de la plataforma zoom y la competencia se comunica oralmente en inglés como lengua extranjera en estudiantes de secundaria, Lima 2020
Authors:   , Alejo Mendez Lizeth Gionara
Published: April 2021

Este estudio tiene la finalidad de establecer la relación que existe entre el uso de la plataforma zoom y la competencia se comunica oralmente en inglés como lengua extranjera en estudiantes de secundaria de una Institución Educativa, Lima 2020.Este estudio sigue un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo básica, además sigue un nivel descriptivo, correlacional. El diseño es no experimental. La población y la muestra fue considerada para esta investigación estuvo conformada por 91 estudiantes del quinto grado de secundaria en la I.E. Los Educadores en San Luis - Lima. Elegidos mediante el muestreo no probabilística. Los instrumentos utilizados son un cuestionario para evaluar el uso de la plataforma zoom y una guía de observación para evaluar la competencia se comunica oralmente en inglés los cuales permitieron recoger información, luego fueron procesaros mediante la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Esta tesis llegó a la conclusión que existe relación directa entre el uso de plataforma zoom y la competencia se comunica oralmente en inglés como lengua extranjera, con un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de r=0,720 entre las variables de estudio. Es decir que existe una relación directa entre las variables de estudio, por otro lado, se obtuvo un p=0.000, lo que confirma la existencia de una relación significativa, ya que p es menor a 0,05. En consecuencia, se acepta la hipótesis alterna y se rechaza la hipótesis nula. Por lo tanto, se logra el objetivo general determinando existe entre el uso de la plataforma zoom y la competencia se comunica oralmente en inglés como lengua extranjera en estudiantes del quinto grado de secundaria en la I.E. Los Educadores en San Luis – Lima 2020.
Cognitive Profile Patterns Are Affected by Measurement Precision
Authors: Cahan Sorel , Jurges Hendrik , Hannin Jenni
Published: April 2021

A necessary, albeit tacit assumption underlying pattern analysis of cognitive profiles is that an examinee’s profile pattern is not affected by the level of precision used in measuring the subtest, index or factor scores. We empirically test the truth of this assumption across various precision levels, such as IQ points (1/15SD), T-scores (0.1SD), scaled scores (1/3SD) and stanines (0.5SD). The results clearly refute the pattern stability assumption. They question the very uniqueness of profile patterns as a stable individual characteristic and challenge their use in both clinical practice and scientific research. Possible solutions are suggested and critically examined.
Local Government Fiscal Early Warning Surveys: Lessons From COVID-19
Authors: Propheter Geoffrey , Mata Melissa
Published: April 2021

Yang (2020) recently argued for enhanced evidence–based decision making during sudden and widespread economic shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but he lamented the difficulty of acquiring such data in a timely manner. One strategy is to implement an early warning survey system. This article describes Colorado’s experience with a survey the state administered to local government officials shortly after the governor’s stay-at-home order. The state used the survey to inform its fiscal response policies. We describe the advantages and challenges of using surveys as a statewide, rapid information collection strategy as well as offer evidence that the survey yielded relatively accurate data about local fiscal impacts. We also provide an empirical analysis of the survey, employing the Heckman correction technique to account for selection bias, to illustrate how the survey responses can improve state decision making.
Ethics in the Hollow State: Distinguishing between Nonprofit and For-Profit Agents of Prisoner Reentry
Authors: Beaty LeAnn
Published: April 2021

New public management, a reform movement that shifted the provision of public goods and services towards private institutions, is firmly entrenched in the United States. The Hollow State, a metaphor often used synonymously with contracting out, reflects the growing trend of using non-governmental networks–often nonprofits but also for-profit organizations–to deliver social services to vulnerable groups. This article, which draws from the author’s dissertation, examines differences in nonprofit and for-profit prisoner reentry agencies. The findings suggest that nonprofit/for-profit differences are eroding as the nonprofit sector becomes more competitive with the private sector for government contracts.
On the Indian Tradition of Mathematical Names: A Scientific Analysis
Authors: Karn Ashish , Rosiejka Brett , Badoni Pankaj , Singh Raman Kumar
Published: April 2021

The current paper explores the potential interlink between names of individuals in a society and its collective social consciousness, particularly with reference to the pervasive occurrence of the ‘mathematical names’ in the current Hindu society in the Indian subcontinent and beyond. Initially, an attempt is made to put things into mathematical perspective by drawing a quick sketch of some of the stellar achievements of the Indian mathematicians. Under the six broad categories of geometry, trigonometry, numeration, arithmetic, algebra, and mathematics in the Vedic tradition, a concise simple description of these subdivisions is presented, underlining the names of the concepts and terms, sometimes by producing the textual references. Then, upon identification of such mathematical terms, an attempt is made to juxtapose these with the names current in the Indian Hindu society. By employing an extensive dataset of university student names in India and the directories of Facebook and LinkedIn, we produce both qualitative and quantitative evidence of the presence of such names in the Indian subcontinent. Evidently, these names reflect the impressions of the tremendously rich mathematical heritage left by the Hindu stalwart mathematicians. This hypothesis has also been examined by taking surveys of people bearing these mathematical names, as well as by documenting the ‘conscious procedures’ that go behind the naming of a Hindu Indian child. In trying to investigate if such a phenomenon is unique to the Indian tradition, a stark contrast with the ‘names in mathematics’ as prevalent in the European mathematical traditions is presented, as cultural roots of mathematics are explored. Further, we ascribe the presence of these names as the extant remains of the colossal impact of multifarious mathematical traditions existing in India. Interestingly, the present research also brings to the fore, certain unseen facets of the Indian Hindu society as regards the education of mathematics to women – through an indirect exploration of their names. We also show that the pervasive occurrence of these names is not merely the result of semantic chance events, but denotes the richness of the Indian mathematical legacy. Next, we also present cross-cultural comparisons to show the uniqueness of Indian mathematical and scientific traditions that led to the pervasiveness of ‘mathematical names’ in India. Finally, an attempt is made to clarify some subtle points on the associations between mathematics and religion in India and other cultures of the world. It is sincerely hoped that the present study may shed light on the cultural roots of mathematics and may furnish a new dimension in the study of mathematics, culture and civilizations across the world.
The Factors of Bullying and Character Education on Teenagers
Authors: Azzahra Syifa , Pandin Maria , Pandin Moses
Published: April 2021

The research objective was to determine the problem of bullying in teenagers. The method used is a qualitative approach with literature study methods and a quantitative approach with the e-survey method. The results showed that bullying was rife in the school environment with teenagers aged 12-15. Verbal bullying occurs the most because it is the easiest to do. Bullying occurs with a group of people against one person because of peer influence. Family factors, school, the influence of friends, environmental conditions, and television shows influence bullying. Character Education can help overcome bullying in teenagers because it teaches the value of virtue in daily activities if given early and not during teenager. The conclusion found in this activity is that teenagers can become bullies because of family, school, peer influence, social conditions, and television broadcasts. Character Education is more effective if it is implemented since early childhood education and all relevant stakeholders must be actively involved in providing the Character Education.
New record of the dwarf dory Zenion hololepis (Goode & Bean, 1896) (Zeiformes: Zeniontidae) from Indian waters
Authors: Rufus Thella , Aneesh Kumar K. V. , Rajeeshkumar M. P. , Hashim M. , Saravananae N. , Sudhakar M. , Fricke R.
Published: April 2021

This paper reports a new record of Zenion hololepis (Goode & Bean, 1896) from Indian waters. The species was collected during an exploratory deep-sea fishery survey onboard FORV Sagar Sampada off the Andaman Islands at a depth of 314 m using a High-Speed Demersal Trawl-Crustacean Version (HSDT-CV) on 25 November 2017.
Understanding Local Water Collaboration for the Potential to Enhance Community Source Water Protection at Chippewas of the Thames First Nation
Authors: Garrod Natalya
Published: April 2021

First Nations in Canada are disproportionately affected by chronic drinking water insecurity (Bakker, 2012). Aboriginal Affair and Northern Development Canada conducted an assessment of First Nations water and wastewater systems in 2001 and found significant risk to the quality and safety of drinking water on three- quarters of all systems (Johns and Rasmussen, 2008). Neegan Burnside (2011) classified four differentrisks that affect drinking water systems for First Nations, which include, no source water protection plan,deterioration of water quality over time, risk of contamination, and insufficient capacity to meet futurerequirements. This study found that the two highest risks were risk of source water contamination and thelack of a community source water protection plan (Neegan Burnside, 2011). Water security, sustainableaccess on a watershed basis to adequate quantities of water of acceptable quality to ensure human andecosystem health (Bakker, 2012), therefore requires source water protection and collaboration amongwater actors. Collaboration is defined as the pooling of resources by multiple stakeholders to solveproblems, which includes a balance of power among actors, mutually agreed upon objectives, is perceived as legitimate, and includes a wide variety of stakeholders (Ashlie, 2019; Van Der Porten, 2013; Spencer etal., 2016; Black & McBean, 2017).
HONEY SUPPLEMENTATION IN LACTATE RINGER-EGG YOLK EXTENDER ON QUALITY OF PELUNG CHICKEN SPERMATOZOA POST-CHILLING
Authors: Hidayat Nu'man - , Ismoyowati Ismoyowati - , Hidayah Chomsiatun Nurul , Nugroho Aras Prasetiyo
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of honey supplementation in lactate ringer-egg yolk extender with 0.025% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2% vitamin E addition (LREYSE) on the quality of Pelung chicken spermatozoa preserved at 5° C for 72 hours.Semen was collected from three Pelung chickens once per day over a course of three days using the dorsal-abdominal massage method. Semen was divided into 5 treatment groups of honey supplementation that are 0% as control (LREYSEH0), 1% (LREYSEH1), 2% (LREYSEH2), 3% (LREYSEH3), and 4% (LREYSEH4). This liquid semen was observed for sperm motility and viability every 12 hours. Complete random designrepeated measurement with 4 replications was used in this study. The results showed the motility and viability of spermatozoa in LREYSEextender with 2% honey supplementation (61.25±1.25% and 71.50±0.74%) was significantly higher (P0.05) than other treatments that are 0% (51.25±1.25% and 61.88±1.36%), 1% (52.50±1.44% and 63.25±1.38%), 3% (51.25±1.25% and 61.63±1.48%), and 4% (50.00±2.04% and 60.63±2.29%) of honey supplementation in extender at 36 hours of storage until the end of the observation at 72 hours of incubation. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the 2% honey supplementation in extender is the best treatment to maintain sperm motility and viability for 72 hours of storage.
Investigation on the Controlling Factors of Pressure Wave Propagation Behavior Induced by Pulsating Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Hou Yanan , Peng Yan , Chen Zhangxin , Liu Yishan , Zhang Guangqing , Ma Zhixiao , Tian Weibing
Published: April 2021

Pulsating hydraulic fracturing (PHF) is a promising fracturing technology for unconventional reservoirs because it could improve the hydraulic fracturing efficiency through inducing the fatigue failure of reservoir rocks. Understanding of the pressure wave propagation behavior in wellbores and fractures plays an important role in PHF optimization. In this paper, a transient flow model (TFM) was used to describe the physical process of pressure wave propagation induced by PHF, and this model was solved by the method of characteristics (MOC). Combination of the TFM and MOC was validated with experimental data. The impacts of controlling factors on the pressure wave propagation behavior were fully discussed, and these factors include the frequency of input loading, an injection mode, an injection position, and friction. More than 10,000 sets of pressure wave propagation behaviors in different scenarios were simulated, and their differences were illustrated. In addition, the generation mechanisms of different pressure wave propagation behaviors were explained by the Fourier transform theory and the vibration theory. The important finding is that there is resonance phenomenon in the propagation of the pressure wave, and the resonance frequencies are almost equal to the natural frequencies of a fluid column. As a consequence of resonance phenomenon, the amplitudes of bottomhole pressure (BHP) and fracture tip pressure will increase sharply when the input loading frequency is close to the resonance frequency and less than 5 Hz; otherwise, the resonance phenomenon will disappear. Furthermore, an injection mode can alter the resonance frequency and the amplitude and frequency of the induced pressure wave. In addition, a friction effect can significantly decrease both the resonance frequency and the resonance amplitude. These findings indicate that the optimized input loading frequency should be close to the natural frequency of a fracturing fluid in a wellbore to enhance its BHP.
PARIS2, optimized photochemistry method to study dynamic in vivo RNA structuromes and interactomes
Authors: Zhang Minjie , Lu Zhipeng
Published: April 2021

Direct determination of RNA structures and interactions in living cells is critical for understanding their functions in normal physiology and disease states. Here we present PARIS2, a dramatically improved method for RNA duplex determination in vivo with >4000-fold higher efficiency than previous methods.
Shrub Encroachment Threatens Persistence of An Endemic Insular Wetland Rodent
Authors: Boone Wesley Williams , Albrecht Audrey A , Conrad Jeremy R , Lechowicz Chris J , Hellgren Eric C , McCleery Robert A
Published: April 2021

Shrub encroachment is altering the structure and species composition of freshwater wetlands across the globe. These changes are likely to be particularly detrimental for threatened wetland vertebrates. However, little research has focused on how shrub encroachment influences threatened wetland vertebrates. We sought to determine how vegetative structure and shrub cover influenced the occurrence of a threatened semi-aquatic mammal species, the Sanibel Island rice rat (Oryzomys palustris sanibeli). Using aerial photography from across the Sanibel Island rice rat’s range, we found a 5.5-fold increase in shrub cover over a 71-year period. To link these changes to the current distribution of the species, we evaluated the influence of vegetation and metrics of inundation on probability of occurrence and localized colonization and extinction rates over a three-year period. We found Sanibel Island rice rats on 18 (33.3%) of our 54 sites. Their occurrence was positively associated with elevated sand cordgrass (Spartina bakeri) cover and increased elevation, but negatively associated with elevated shrub cover. Their probability of colonization was negatively associated with increased shrub cover. Extinction probabilities for Sanibel Island rice rats were positively associated with increased rainfall totals in the preceding three months and increased shrub cover. Increases in shrub cover reduce sand cordgrass cover, which additively may be driving the decline of this once ubiquitous species. We conclude that shrub encroachment of freshwater wetlands requires greater attention due to its potential to imperil wetland endemic wildlife species.
Investigating the Factors affecting the Self-care Behaviors Status of Patients with Type II diabetes and the Role of Demographic Variables: A Case Study in Iran
Authors: Kianipour Neda , Chaboksavar Fakhroddin , Rahimi Mehrali , Lebni Javad Yoosefi , Abbas Jaffar , Ziapour Arash
Published: April 2021

Background: Self-care practices in diabetes patients are crucial to keep the illness under control and prevent complications. Effective management of diabetes will be a difficult task without an adequate understanding of the current level of practice related to diabetes self-care. Therefore, this study aims to assess the factors affecting the self-care behaviors status of patients with Type II diabetes and the role of demographic variables in Iran. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was designed and conducted in 2020. This study's statistical population was type II diabetic patients at the Diabetes Research Center of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah who were selected by available sampling method of 280 samples. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics questionnaire and standard self-care questionnaire for the Glasgow and Tobert diabetic patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and stepwise regression. Results: The mean of self-care scores was 2.07±2.08 and indicated an unfavorable condition. The highest mean scores of self-care were in the field of regular use of medications, and the lowest scores were in the field of blood-glucose testing. The mean scores of self-care were significantly different based on marital status, occupation status, residence, type of treatment, duration of diabetes, years, smoking status (P<0.05). Regression results showed that the variables predictors; type of treatment, smoking status, the complication of diabetes, education level status, place of residence explained 515% of the variance of self-care.Conclusion: The study showed that the extent to which individuals adhere to Type II diabetes recommended management is substantially low. Improving awareness of patients and the community at large is imperative, especially on the diet, exercise, blood-glucose testing, foot care, and no smoking.
The impacts of space mutation and host genotype on endophyte role in host perennial ryegrass stress tolerance
Authors: Ma Bihua , Luo Yang , Tian Pei , Chen Zhenjiang , Li Chunjie , Nan Zhibiao
Published: April 2021

Aims This study reveal if host genotype, endophyte or space mutation have effects on host stress resistance and select the best performance genotype.Methods Stress tolerance of 8 different perennial ryegrass genotypes including endophyte infected (E+) and endophyte free (E-) with and without space mutation were evaluated. Four different treatments were established which included control {CK, 45% of relatively soil moisture content (RSWC)}, drought stress (D, 15% RSWC), salt stress (S, 250 mmol NaCl with 45% RSWC) and drought combined with salt stress (DS, 250 mmol NaCl with 15% RSWC).Results The results showed that stress treatments significantly inhibited (P< 0.05) the growth of perennial ryegrass as plant height, tiller numbers and biomass of most plants significantly decreased (P<0.05). Under both control and stress treatments, host genotypes had significant (P<0.05) effects on plant growth, contents of phytohormones, ion and nutrient elements. However, there is no consistent performance for each host genotype. For plants both with and without space mutation, endophyte promoted host growth, regulated the rational distribution of ion content and nutrient elements in host plant. The space mutation had effects on plants performance as there was significant difference (P< 0.05) between mutation and without mutant for all of the tested indices except with plant height, aboveground biomass, CTK contents, underground Na+ and C/P, SK, Na, aboveground C.Conclusions The effects of host genotype on plant performance was much more pronounced and far greater than that of endophyte infection and mutation. Endophyte had effects on more indices of plants without mutant which suggest mutation may hide some effects of endophyte as its strong effects.
Integrated Input-Output and Systems Analysis Modelling: The Case of Tunisia.Part 1 - Energy technology Input-Output multipliers
Authors: Howells Mark , Necibi Thameur , Laitner John Skip , Gardumi Francesco , Bock Franziska
Published: April 2021

This paper examines four simple stereotypical electricity-sector investments and estimates selected direct and indirect job impacts. To do so, the analysis focuses on the development of a simple Input-Output model and generic financial descriptions of energy efficiency and renewable energy interventions. These are applied to the Tunisian electricity sector. Sensitivities are developed around the assumptions required to calibrate the resulting financial flows. All aspects of this analysis are open source and drawing from ubiquitously available social accounting matrices, with the aim of increasing their scalability and lowering the threshold of energy-economy modelling. This analysis is used to develop intermediate data for a dynamic systems model as well as to produce selected policy insights. They relate to: the payback period associated with energy efficiency investments; local content; capital intensity; and implications on gas (for power generation) imports. Associated with this are policy recommendations that relate to the choice of new power generation, the scheduling of energy efficiency programs and defining future data needs to better calibrate the analysis of those interventions.
Intimately Coupling Photocatalytic Optical Fibers and Biofilm for Rapid and Sustainable Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol
Authors: Yuan Jilin , Li Linyang , Xiao Chuanbao , Zhong Nianbing , Zhong Dengjie , Chang Haixing , He Yuanyuan , Li Tiancong
Published: April 2021

The need for wastewater treatment is progressively rising as the release of copious amounts of industrial wastewater is increasing. Likewise, there is an urgent requirement for renewable energy sources because of the growing energy demand and depletion of fossil fuels. The use of microalgae to convert toxic phenolic wastewater to lipid-enriched biofuel has recently been proposed. Here, we report a new strategy for coupling N-doped TiO2-coated photocatalytic optical fibers and a microalgal biofilm to degrade 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and produce biomass. In the combined photocatalysis and biodegradation system, the photocatalytic products were directly biodegraded by the heterotroph-enriched (Salinarimonas and Pseudomonas) biofilm, promoting biomass production; O2 produced by the phototrophs (Scenedesmus obliquus) promoted the generation of hydroxyl free radicals using N-doped TiO2. Thus, the combined photocatalysis and biodegradation system rapidly and sustainably degraded 4-CP while maintaining the growth of the microalgal biomass. The 4-CP removal, dechlorination, and biofilm growth rates reached ~78 µM/h, ~41 µM/h, and 1.8 g/h/m2, respectively. Overall, we present a useful synergy between an optical catalyst and a bioreactor that has implications for both wastewater remediation and sustainable microalgal biomass production.
Integration of Extended Reality and a High-fidelity Simulator in Team-based Simulations for Arrhythmia Scenarios Among Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Lee Youngho , Kim Sun Kyung , Yoon Hyoseok , Choi Jongmyung , Kim Hyesun
Published: April 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability and feasibility of smart glasses for team-based simulations constructed using a high-fidelity simulator. Methods: Two scenarios of patients with arrhythmia were developed to establish the process for interprofessional interaction via smart glass in 15-hour simulation training. Three to four participants made a team and took roles of either a remote supporter or bad-side trainee with smart glass. A quasi-experimental post-test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of team-based simulation using smart glasses that assessed attitudes toward interprofessional health care teams and learning satisfaction. A scale for software evaluation was used to obtain quantitative data, and an essay questionnaire was used to assess the usability and feasibility of the current program. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 25.0), and descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and chi-squared tests were performed to test for homogeneity and group differences. Results: Data were obtained from 61 participants in which the scores were higher in the experimental group with smart glasses, but differences in attitude towards the interprofessional health care team and learning satisfaction were not different between groups. The current program was given an easy to use (3.61±0.95) rating, and the users reported feeling confident during use (3.90±0.87). Participants responded positively to long-term use (3.26±0.89) and low levels of physical discomfort (1.96±1.06). The likability of the smart glasses-based simulation was high, with a high rating for satisfaction (4.65±0.55). The majority (84%) of subjects provided favorable responses to their overall experience with high expectations for improving safety in future clinical practice. Key barriers and challenges of the current program include unstable internet connection, poor resolution and display, and physical discomfort of the smart glasses with accessories. Conclusion: We determined the feasibility and acceptability of smart glasses for interprofessional interaction within a team-based simulation environment. Participants responded favorably toward a smart glasses-based simulation learning environment that would be applicable in clinical settings.
Delay in Making Decision to Seeking Care on Institutional Delivery and Associated Factors Among Mothers Who Gave Birth in South Gondar Zone Hospitals,2020. A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tiruneh Gebrehiwot Ayalew , Arega Dawit Tiruneh , Kassa Bekalu Getnet , Bishaw Keralem Anteneh
Published: April 2021

Background: Delay to making decision to seeking care contributes to high maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Major factor that contribute to maternal death in developing countries is decision-making to seek care. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of delay in making decision to seeking care on institutional delivery among mothers who gave birth in South Gondar zone hospitals, Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from September1-October30/2020 with 650 mothers were participated in this study using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a face-to-face interview with pretested semi-structured questionnaires Bi-variable and multi-variable analyses conducted and the Odds ratio with 95% CI was estimated to identify factors of delay to making decision to seeking care. The statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.Results: Delay in making decision to seeking care on institutional delivery was found to be 36.3% (95%CI=32.6 to 40.1). The mean age of the respondents was 27.23 with a standard deviation of 5.67. Mothers who reside in rural area (AOR=3.14,95%, CI:2.40-4.01), uneducated mothers (AOR= 3.62, 95%, CI:2.45-5.52), unplanned of pregnancy (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.84-7.96), and no health facilities in Keble (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.43-6.32) were statistically associated with delay to making decision to seeking care.Conclusion: One in three delivered mothers had been delayed in making decision to seek care in South Gondar zone. Pregnant mothers living in the rural area, unplanned of pregnancy, uneducated mothers, no health facilities in Keble Therefore, strategies to identify determinants and reduced of delay in making decision to seek care.
A novel approach for micro-antenna fabrication on metal substrate assisted by laser printing for communication systems in smart implants
Authors: moura caroline , Dinis Hugo , Carvalho Oscar , Neto João Carneiro , Mendes Paulo , Nascimento Rubens , Silva Filipe
Published: April 2021

The market of orthopedic implants is one of the biggest in the medicine field and it is expected to grow significantly in the next years, mainly because of the continuously growing elderly population. Despite the technological advances, the implant-adjacent biological issues contribute to the implants’ failures, and consequently reduce its lifetime. The development of implants with self-healing capabilities has been explored as a reliable approach to tackle the aforementioned issues. This can be accomplished through the introduction of actuators, sensors and antennas, which ultimately falls into the concept of smart implants. Thus, this work presents an alternative approach for printing antennas in Ti6Al4V substrate by using laser technique, thus allowing for the integration of communication modules directly in the implant. The performance of the fabricated antenna was assessed through simulation and compared with an ideal condition. In both situations, the antenna presented the better results at high frequencies. Nevertheless, the defects arising from the experimental fabrication contributed in a negative manner the antenna’s efficiency.
Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenols on Newborn Leucocyte Telomere Length: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study in China
Authors: Liang Jun , Shao Yantao , Huang Dongping , Yang Chunxiu , Liu Tao , Zeng Xiaoyun , Li Chunling , Tang Zhenghua , Juan Jennifer Tan Hui , Song Yanye , Liu Shun , Qiu Xiaoqiang
Published: April 2021

Telomere length (TL) at birth is related to future diseases and long-term health. Bisphenols exhibit toxic effects and can cross the placenta barrier. However, the effect of prenatal exposure to bisphenols on newborn TL remains unknown. We aimed to explore the effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenols (i.e., bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)) on relative TL in newborns. A total of 801 mother–infant pairs were extracted from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort (GZBC). The relationships between bisphenol levels in maternal serum and relative TL in cord blood were examined by generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. After adjusting for confounders, we observed a 3.19% (95% CI: -6.08%, -0.21%) reduction in relative cord blood TL among mothers ≥ 28 years with each 1-fold increase of BPS. However, each 1-fold increase of TBBPA, a 3.31% (95% CI: 0.67%, 6.01%) increased in relative cord blood TL among mothers < 28 years. The adjusted RCS models also revealed similar results (P overall < 0.05, P non-linear > 0.05). This is the first study to show a positive association between serum TBBPA levels and newborn relative TL among younger mothers. However, BPS levels were inversely correlated with TL in fetus born to older mothers. The results suggest fetuses of older pregnant women are more sensitivity to BPS exposure and accelerated aging or BPS-related diseases in later life may stem from early-life exposure.
Improving Postural Stability among Amputees by Tactile Sensory Substitution
Authors: Chen Lijun , Feng Yanggang , Chen Baojun , Wang Qining , Wei Kunlin
Published: April 2021

BackgroundFor lower-limb amputees, wearing a prosthetic limb helps restore their motor abilities for daily activities. However, the prosthesis's potential benefits are hindered by limited somatosensory feedback from the affected limb and its prosthesis. Previous studies have examined various sensory substitution systems to alleviate this problem; the prominent approach is to convert foot-ground interaction to tactile stimulations. However, positive outcomes for improving amputees' postural stability are still rare. We hypothesize that the intuitive design of tactile signals based on psychophysics shall enhance the feasibility and utility of real-time sensory substitution for lower-limb amputees. MethodsWe designed a wearable device consisting of four pressure sensors and two vibrators and tested it among the unilateral transtibial amputees (n=7) and the able-bodied (n=8). The real-time measurements of foot pressure were fused into a single representation of foot-ground interaction force, which was encoded by varying vibration intensity of the two vibrators attached to the participants’ forearm. The layout of vibrators was spatially congruent with the foot force sensors' placement; the vibration intensity followed a logarithmic function of the force representation, in keeping with principles of tactile psychophysics. The participants were tested with a classical postural stability task in which visual disturbances perturbed their quiet standing. ResultsWith a brief familiarization of the system, the participants exhibited better posture stability against visual disturbances when switching on sensory substitution than without. The body sway was substantially reduced, as shown in head movements and excursions of the center of pressure. The improvement was present for both amputees and able-bodied controls and was particularly pronounced in more challenging conditions with larger visual disturbances. ConclusionsSubstituting otherwise-missing foot pressure feedback with vibrotactile signals can improve postural stability for lower-limb amputees. The intuitive design of the mapping between the foot-ground interaction force and the tactile signals is essential for the user to utilize the surrogated tactile signals for postural control, especially for situations that their postural control is challenged.
Material Basis and Mechanism of Chansu Injection for COVID-19 Treatment Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Xu Yong , Peng Wenpan , Han Di , Wang Zhichao , Gu Cheng , Feng Fanchao , Zhou Xian-mei , Wu Qi
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging and rapidly evolving disease with no effective drug treatment. Traditional Chinese medicines have been widely used to treat COVID-19 in China. Chansu and its major active constituent, bufalin, exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects. Although the clinical efficacy of Chansu injection for COVID-19 treatment has been confirmed, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Objectives: In this study, we used network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to explore the potential material basis and mechanism of action of Chansu injection for COVID-19 treatment. Methods: The main components of Chansu injection were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The PharmMapper, SwissTargetPrediction, SEA, and TCMID databases were used to screen for the active ingredients and therapeutic targets of Chansu injection while the OMIM and GeneCards Suite databases were used to search for COVID-19-related targets. The STRING database was used for protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction and topological analysis while DAVID was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the core targets. Molecular docking of the three Chansu injection components (i.e., cinobufagin, resibufogenin, and bufalin) to angiotensin-converting enzyme II, spike (S) protein, 3CL protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was also carried out. Results: The three Chansu injection compounds were identified using HPLC. A total of 236 drug-related targets and 16,611 disease-related targets were identified, and 77 common targets were determined through mapping. The PPI mapping results revealed 16 core targets obtained through topological analysis and screening. Further, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the PI3K and JAK–STAT signaling pathways are the major pathways regulated by Chansu injection in COVID-19 treatment. The molecular docking results suggest that the three Chansu injection components have high binding energies to the S protein. Conclusions: This study revealed that the potential mechanism of Chansu injection for COVID-19 treatment involves multiple targets and pathways, thereby providing a scientific basis for its clinical application and further research.
Study of Filtration in Polyethylene Fibers used in Masks for Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 via Luminescent Aerosolized Silicon Nanoparticles
Authors: Rezk Ayman , Ashraf Juveiriah , Alnaqbi Wafa , Hadi Sabina Abdul , Dushaq Ghada , Alhammadi Aisha , Kukhun Tala El , Rasras Mahmood , Nusair Ahmad , Nayfeh Munir , Nayfeh Ammar
Published: April 2021

Commercial polyethylene (PE) fiber-based masks are currently used as personal filters for protection against various microorganisms. Due to the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic of 2020, the use of masks has become the critical mechanism in reducing the spread. The PE mask filter uses a sieve (geometry) in a spider web fashion to filter out microorganisms using Van der Waals atomic forces. However, the non-geometrical part of the filtration process is not fully understood. In this work, we utilized luminescent ultra-small silicon nanoparticles, which are Si-H or/and Si-OH terminated to examine how the filter operates at a chemical level. The particles were sprayed onto the fiber network by an atomizer and we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscope and fluorescence spectroscopy under UV radiation. The images and measurements clearly showed that the Si nanoparticles bonded to the PE fiber network. The results were analyzed in terms of chemical bonding between Si nanoparticle and fiber. Our findings suggest that the PE fibers could act as a chemical filter via hydrogen or hydrolysis–based bonding or via Si-C bonding, which is complementary to their physical filtration ability via the geometric sieve process. Moreover, the results indicate that the filter would be effective against the novel coronavirus, not only by the geometrical sieve but can be additionally enhanced as a chemical filter by allowing the amine, carboxyl and hydroxyl function groups of the virus to attach to fibers via C-N and C-O bonds.
The Coral Holobiont Madracis Decactis Associates With Multiple Types of Symbiodiniaceae
Authors: Varasteh Tooba , Salazar Vinícius , Tschoeke Diogo , Francini-Filho Ronaldo , Swings Jean , Garcia Gizele , Thompson Cristiane , Thompson Fabiano Lopes
Published: April 2021

The scleractinian reef building coral Madracis decactis is a cosmopolitan species. Understanding host–symbiont associations is critical for assessing the coral’s habitat occupancy and it’s response to environmental changes. In this study, we performed fine grained phylogenetic analyzes of Symbiodiniaceae algae associated with Madracis across a broad latitudinal gradient in the SW Atlantic (Abrolhos Bank, and St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago). Previous studies have argued that Madracis is a specialist coral, with colonies harboring a single symbiont type B. However, these previous studies have not precisely addressed if Madracis is colonized by several types of Symbiodiniaceae simultaneously, or if whether this coral is a specialist. The hypothesis that Madracis is a generalist coral host was evaluated in the present study. A total of 1.9 million reads of ITS2 nuclear ribosomal DNA were obtained by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. ITS2 sequences were classified into Clades A, B, and C in Abrolhos, and only clade B symbionts recorded in St. Peter and St. Paul. This study also demonstrate that a single Madracis colony can host different symbiont types with >30 Symbiodiniaceae species. Abrolhos corals presented a higher photosynthetic potential as a possible result of co-occurrence of multiple Symbiodiniaceae in a single coral colony. Multiple clades of Symbiodiniaceae possibly confer coral hosts with broader environmental tolerance and ability to occupy diverse or changing habitats.
Carrier Free Delivery System of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Hydrophobic Inhibitor for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Muhammad Adeel , Saorin Gloria , Boccalon Giacomo , Sfriso Andrea Augusto , Parisi Salvatore , Moro Isabella , Palazzolo Stefano , Caligiuri Isabella , Granchi Carlotta , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Tuccinardi Tiziano , Rizzolio Flavio
Published: April 2021

Background: Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an emerging therapeutic target for cancer. It is involved in lipid metabolism and its inhibition impairs many hallmarks of cancer including cell proliferation, migration/invasion and tumor growth. For these reasons, our group has recently developed a potent reversible MAGL inhibitor (MAGL23), which showed promising anticancer activities. Here in, to improve its pharmacological properties, a nanoformulation based on nanocrystals coated with albumin was prepared for therapeutic applications. MAGL23 was solubilized by a nanocrystallization method with Pluronic F-127 and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactants into an organic solvent and was recovered as nanocrystals in water after solvent evaporation. Finally, the solubilized nanocrystals were stabilized by human serum albumin to create a smart delivery carrier. Results: An in-silico prediction (lipophilicity, structure at different pH and solubility in water), as well as experimental study (solubility), have been performed to check the chemical properties of the inhibitor and nanocrystals. The solubility in water increases from less than 0.01 mg/mL (0.0008 mg/mL, predicted) up to 0.82 mg/mL in water. The formulated inhibitor maintained its potency in ovarian and colon cancer cell lines as the free drug. Furthermore, the system was thoroughly observed at each step of the solubilization process till the final formulation stage by different spectroscopic techniques and a comparative study was performed to check the effects of Pluronic F-127 and CTAB as surfactants. The formulated system is favorable to release the drug at physiological pH conditions (at pH 7.4, after 24h, less than 20% of compound is released). Conclusions: As per our knowledge, we are reporting the first ever nanoformulation of a MAGL inhibitor, which is promising as a therapeutic system where the MAGL enzyme is involved, especially for cancer therapeutic applications.
Cortical Hemodynamic Mechanisms of Reversal learning using High-Resolution Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study
Authors: piau charlotte , Mahmoudzadeh Mahdi , Kibleur Astrid , Polosan Mircea , David Olivier , Wallois Farbice
Published: April 2021

Background: Reversal learning is widely used to analyze cognitive flexibility and characterize behavioral abnormalities associated with impulsivity and disinhibition. Recent studies using fMRI have focused on regions involved in reversal learning with negative and positive reinforcers. Although the frontal cortex has been consistently implicated in reversal learning, few studies have focused on whether reward and punishment may have different effects on lateral frontal structures in these tasks. Here, in eight healthy subjects, we used functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) to characterize brain activity dynamics and differentiate the involvement of frontal structures in learning driven by reward and punishment. Results: We observed functional hemispheric asymmetries between punishment and reward processing by fNIRS following reversal of a learned rule. Moreover, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were activated under the reward condition only, whereas the orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) was significantly activated under the punishment condition, with a tendency towards activation for the right cortical hemisphere (r-DLPFC and r-IFG). Our results are compatible with the suggestion that the DLPFC is involved in the detection of contingency change. We propose a new representation for reward and punishment, with left lateralization for the reward process. Conclusions: These results provide insights into the indirect neural mechanisms of reversal learning and behavioral flexibility and confirm the use of fNIRS imaging in reversal-learning tasks as a translational strategy, particularly in subjects who cannot undergo fMRI recordings.