bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation pathology is a part of Military field therapy
Authors: Khalimov Yu Sh , Vlasenko A N , Matveev S Yu , Sapozhnikov R Yu
Published: July 2021

A great contribution to the study of problems of radiation pathology, the study of the body’s response to radiation, in the development of treatment and prevention of radiation injuries belong to the staff of the Department of military field therapy. In the period of over 60 years, the Military Field Therapy Department was consistently involved in rectification and study of the medical consequences of the radiological accidents, accompanied by radiation exposure. Problems of radiation pathology took a leading place in scholastic, scientific and clinical research of Department staff. Scientific research was based on established at Department experimental toxic-radiological laboratory where different types of radiation injury were simulated. Obtained results were penetrated into the educational process and have found practical application in the treatment of victims of the accident at the nuclear submarine. Patients with other forms of radiation damage were treated in the clinic of military field therapy in the following years. There are 2 cases of radiation disease due to intestinal irradiation caused by radium poisoning, the intestinal case of radiation disease, which was treated using extracorporal haemadsorption. After Chernobyl disaster Department research is concentrated on biological outcomes of «low dose radiation». The research aimed at solving problems relevant to military radiology is continuing. Organizational forms of specialized assistance to victims of radiation accidents and peacetime disasters within the framework of the disaster medicine service of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation are being improved.
Yakov Vasilyevich Willie - more than half a century in the service of military medicine The Russian Empire and the Medico-surgical Academy (to the 250th anniversary of the birth)
Authors: Fisun A Ya , Porokhov S Yu
Published: July 2021

November 20, 2018 would mark the 250th anniversary of the outstanding Leib-medic, baronet, privy councillor, doctor, military medical administrator, doctor of medicine and surgery, the first President of the St. Petersburg Imperial Medical surgical Academy, honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1814) and many domestic and foreign scientific societies Yakov Vasilyevich Willie. He selflessly and selflessly gave military medicine to the Russian army and the Russian Empire, which became his second homeland, 64 years of his life. Was physician to three tsars: Paul I, Alexander I and Nicholas I, was a participant of the great Patriotic war of 1812, where in extreme combat conditions, fully demonstrated their best professional and human qualities. Him personally and under his leadership was saved a huge number of sick and wounded. Many great generals, writers and public figures of tsarist Russia and modernity most highly characterize the invaluable contribution of Willie in the history of military medicine, science, Medical and surgical Academy and the state as a whole, the legacy of which even today are descendants and contemporaries.
In memory of Professor G.A. Albrecht the founder of domestic prosthetics in orthopedics (on the occasion of the 140th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Morgoshiya T Sh , Apchel V Ya
Published: July 2021

The main scientific and practical milestones of the founder of the Russian prosthetics in orthopedics of Professor Herman Aleksandrovich Albrecht are covered. November 20, 1907 after the public defense of the thesis on the topic: «Pathology and therapy of lateral knee bends» GA. Albrecht was awarded the Conference of the Academy of Doctor of Medicine degree. After public defence of a thesis on the theme: «pathology and treatment of lateral curvature of the knee». One after another began to appear in print: «the question of fluoroscopy and radiography gunshot injury», «traumatic separation of the lower epiphysis of the radius», «Appetizers as a method for the treatment of genu valgum», «Pathology and treatment of hallux valgus», «the technique of treatment of coxitis tuberculosis», «Isolated fracture of the trochleae humeri with a bloody reduction method, the technique of treatment of pseudoarthrosis autoplastic way». German Alexandrovich considered the prosthesis as a special area of medicine and technology that have important national economic significance. The primary means of training was surgery. In addition, in medical institutions was to be made, fitting, final fitting of prosthetic devices and training in their use patients. Also provides a broad familiarization of surgeons with the essential requirements of the prosthesis. In 1916 G.A. Albrecht put forward a plan to create a state system for the reorganization of prosthetic aid for war invalids, which provided for free prosthetics and preparation for it in medical institutions, the creation of a network of prosthetic workshops, the scientific development of new prosthetic devices and the training of special personnel. These progressive ideas were implemented only in 1919. At his request the Mariinsky shelter was renamed the Institute of Prosthetics, and since 1922 the institute opened its own prosthetic-assembly workshop. In 1928, the opening of a 30-bed medical-prosthetic hospital was opened in the Institute in addition to a 50-bed dormitory intended for waiting prostheses. In this way organized a uniform system of preparation for prosthetics, supply of prostheses and learning to use them in a special institution, which has for this purpose the necessary medical and technical personnel and equipment. German Alexandrovich was a highly qualified physician, research worker and teacher is not unusual for the time, however, harmonically the current profile. After 10 years in the clinic of Professor G.I. Turner, he acquired a comprehensive knowledge of orthopedics, which formed the basis for his later activities. Having a brilliant operative technique, Albrecht has developed its own methods of arthrodesis of the ankle and knee joints, modification kinaesthesia operations on stumps of the upper arm and forearm, as well as highly desirable variation of talangsari the first metacarpal and the splitting of the stump of the forearm by Krukenberg.
ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SUPERVISION IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Aminev R M , Kuzin A A , Zobov A E , Golubkov A V
Published: July 2021

The article gives a brief overview of the historical stages of formation of the modern system of state sanitaryepidemiological supervision in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation from the primary elements of sanitary supervision in the regular Russian army in the XVIII century to the formation of the modern sanitary-and-epidemiologic institutions. Parallels with the development of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of Russia. Some aspects of improvement of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation from positions of introduction of the risk-oriented model of control and oversight activities. Outlined the problems of application of administrative coercive measures to officials of military units and institutions for sanitary offences committed and the ways of their solution
MEDICAL SUPPORT FOR SPORTS AND MASS ACTIVITIES AND LESSONS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING
Authors: Storozhenko I I , Nikolaeva K V , Fedorin S V
Published: July 2021

According to the report of the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation to the President of Russia in October 2017, only in 2016 211 students perished in physical culture and sports. Of course, even one case should make us think about the shortcomings in the methods of physical education and sports, and in the absence of timely provision of medical care
THE MAIN FACTORS OF PREMATURE AGING OF THE HUMAN BODY AND THEIR PATHOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE FROM THE STANDPOINT OF NEUROIMMUNE ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS
Authors: Medvedev D S , Bondarev S A , Shchurov A G , Churganov O A , Borisov D N
Published: July 2021

The results of a study aimed at the analysis of the main risk factors of premature aging of the human body and assessment of their pathogenic significance are presented in the article. According to the literature, the main risk factors for premature aging are: metabolic disorders, obesity, lack of exercise, bad habits (alcohol, smoking), weighed down by premature aging heredity, poor nutrition, prolonged and frequent episodes of nervous and mental overexertion. The assessment of the pathogenetic significance of these factors from the standpoint of neuroimmune endocrine interactions has been conducted. It has been shown that the considered risk factors have systemic adverse effects on the human body, activating different pathogenetic cellular and molecular mechanisms. The results of the study expand the understanding of the systemic adverse effects of risk factors on physiological processes and can be used in prevention of premature aging
ROLE S.P. FEDOROV AND HIS DISCIPLES IN THE FORMATION OF PERM SURGERY AND UROLOGY
Authors: Davidov M I , Nikonova O E
Published: July 2021

The work highlights the role of S.P. Fedorov and his students in the formation and development of Perm surgery and urology. Graduate of the Military Medical Academy, Life-surgeon of the royal family VN Derevenko created and organized the work of the clinic of Perm University and the first in the province department of surgery and urology, leading it from 1919 to 1924. From 1925 to 1931 the department and the clinic was headed by an employee of the Military Medical Academy, Professor D.P. Kuznetsky. For the first time, the literature covers the inspection trip of S. P. Fedorov in 1926 to Perm. In 1928, A.V. Lunacharsky called the Perm clinic "the pearl of the Urals."
COMBINED SURGICAL TREATMENT LIVER ABCESSES IN EXPERIMENT
Authors: Alipov V V , Lebedev M S , Avanesyan G A , Musaelyan A G , Mustafaeva D R , Alipov A II
Published: July 2021

The results of surgical antibacterial rehabilitation and drainage of liver abscess largely depend on the effectiveness of local action of drugs. A promising direction in experimental liver abscess surgery is the local application of laser and nanotechnology. - The goal is to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the combined use of low-intensity laser radiation and copper nanoparticles in the surgical treatment of liver abscesses. Material and methods. In an experiment on 80 laboratory rabbits, a classic liver abscess was modeled. According to the variant of local two-week treatment, the animals were divided into 4 groups of 20 each. Animals of the first group were given daily standard sanitation of the cavity with an antiseptic solution; in the second group, low-intensity laser irradiation was locally administered; animals of the third group, the cavity of the abscess was washed with a suspension of copper nanoparticles; in the fourth group of animals, treatment with a suspension of copper nanoparticles in combination with low-intensity laser irradiation was applied. Clinical, planimetric, microbiological, morphological and instrumental research methods were used to evaluate the results of treatment. Results and discussion. The best clinical indicators of general condition by the 9th day were observed in the treatment of animals of the fourth group. Due to the active stimulation of reparative processes, by the 7th day of treatment of animals of this group, no aspirate cultures from the growth abscess cavity were given, which made it possible to speed up the closure of the purulent cavity, which by the 21st day according to ultrasound planimetry, the abscess cavity of the liver was completely obliterated. Conclusion. Used clinical and instrumental methods of research are effective ways to assess the results of treatment of simulated purulent cavity of the liver. The combined surgical treatment of simulated liver abscesses with topical application of uniformly scattered LLLT and copper nanoparticles provides accelerated cleansing of the abscess cavity causative agent and complete obliteration of the abscess cavity.
UNPREMEDITATED INJURIES OF THE BILE DUCTS AND SYSTEMATED APPROACH TO THEIR ELIMINATION
Authors: Romashchenko P N , Maistrenko N A , Pryadko A S , Aliev A K , Zherebcov E S
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: To present the program of diagnosis and treatment of patients with injuries of the bile ducts, corresponding to modern requirements of medical care. Materials and methods: The results of examination and treatment of 77 patients with bile ducts injuries (BDI) are analyzed. The analysis of the main surgical interventions for the elimination of BDI is given: reconstructive operations in 44.3% of patients, recovery operations - in 36.7% and external drainage - in 19%. Results: A program approach was developed to provide care to patients with BDI. The implementation of this program will provide timely diagnostics of BDI and minimize the number of postoperative complications. A rational approach to reducing the number of injuries is the prevention and prevention of the occurrence of BDI. Conclusion:The choice of a rational option for surgical intervention, taking into account modern classification positions that take into account the integral assessment of the leading criteria: the patient’s general somatic condition, the presence of infectious purulent complications, the scale of damage, the diameter of the crossed main bile duct, the damage mechanism (thermal or mechanical), makes it possible to justify the choice of a rational surgical option interventions and significantly reduce the number of complications, mortality and improve the quality of life of patients with BDI.
MODERN SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID DISEASES
Authors: Dolidze D D , Shabunin A V , Mumladze R B , Vardanyan A V , Lebedinskiy I N , Mel’nik K V , Vardanyan V A
Published: July 2021

The study is based on the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 298 patients with various diseases of the thyroid gland, who were examined and treated in the department of endocrine surgery of the City Clinical Hospital named after S. P. Botkin from 2012 to 2016. 147 (49.3%) patients of the I group were operated on using extrafascial technique with intersection of the prelaryngeal muscles and visualization of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. 151 (51.7%) patients of group II underwent extrafascial surgical interventions from reduced migratory approaches using modern, including original, methodological approaches. For the prevention of paresis of the larynx in the allocation of recurrent laryngeal nerves, microsurgical instruments and magnifying devices were used. For the prevention of postoperative hypoparathyroidism, in addition to carefully accounting for anatomical and topographic-anatomical features, a «stress-test» and a method of double visual-instrumental recording of the parathyroid gland-induced fluorescence were used. In the first group of patients with surgical treatment, the following complications were recorded: in 2 (1.4%) patients developed permanent, in 8 (5.4%) transient postoperative hypoparathyroidism, and in 3 (2.0%) - temporary unilateral laryngeal paresis. The overall incidence of operative complications was 8.8% (13 patients). In the postoperative period, the following complications were recorded in group II: 2 (1.3%) patients developed transient hypocalcemia, and 1 (0.7%) patient had unilateral laryngeal paresis. The overall incidence of operative complications was 1.99% (3 patients). Analysis of the cosmetic result of the intervention, assessed on the POSAS scale, showed that cosmetic effect was better in group II (p 0.05). Thus, modern surgical interventions in patients with thyroid diseases, including new methodological approaches, have improved the results of surgical treatment with a decrease of the number of complications and achieving a better cosmetic effect of the surgical intervention.
SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYNDROME OF MULTIPLEENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1
Authors: Egorov A V , Vasilyev I A , Ivashov I V , Thakur A S
Published: July 2021

Background: pancreaticneuroendocrine tumors occur in almost all patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and are a major cause of death. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative therapy for pNETs, otherwise various endocrine syndromesdevelop threatening the patient's life. Aim: to evaluate the short-term results of surgical management of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with MEN1. Materials and methods: by last 20 years, 40 patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors within MEN1 were operated. Results: in the early postoperative period,according to the classification of Clavien-Dindo, complications occurred in 12 (26%) patients. The following types of complications were diagnosed: IIIa in 6 patients; IIIb - in 2; type V in 4 patients. Complications of types I, II and IV were not identified. Conclusion: less percentage of postoperative complications is achieved by performing organ-preserving operations, after precise imaging diagnose, due to minimal intraoperative pancreatic injury.
LAPAROSCOPIC ADRENALECTOMY IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ADRENANOCORTICAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Krivosheev A V , Britvin T A , Beloshitsky M E
Published: July 2021

Relevance of research: аdrenalectomy remains the only method of potentially radical treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (AСС), and the complete resection is considered one of the leading factors in the prognosis of disease. The question of the possibility and feasibility of using video- endoscopic technologies in the treatment of patients with ACC is still being discussed. Objective: the purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the treatment of ACC patients. Material and methods: the study is based on the analysis of the results of diagnostics and surgical treatment of 12 patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy and verified ACC during histological and immunohistochemical studies. Results: stage I were verified (according to the ENSAT) in 4 cases, in 4 - II stage, and in 4 - III stage. The median of tumor size was 4.9 cm. Intraoperative and postoperative complications did not occur. In all cases, the R0-resection was confirmed by morphological examination. The median patient follow-up was 71 months (1; 141), during this period 11 patients were alive, 1 patient, who had surgery in stage III died of disease progression (distant metastases) 49 months after surgery. During the follow-up period tumor recurrence did not occur. Overall 5-year survival was 75% (95% CI; 30-95%). Conclusion: despite the small number of patients included in this study, satisfactory immediate results (absence of complications, R0-resection) and long-term results allow us to consider video- endoscopic surgery as an effective treatment for patients with ACC.
JUSTIFICATION AND DIRECT RESULTS OF ENDOSCOPIC GYNRYOPLASTICS WITH TAPP AND TEP TECHNIQUES
Authors: Romashchenko P N , Kurygin Al A , Semenov V V , Polushin S U , Mamoshin A A , Zherebtsov E S
Published: July 2021

Inguinal hernioplasty is one of the most common planned surgical interventions. With the advent of minimally invasive technologies in herniology, a new page in the field of inguinal hernia surgery has opened. The emergence of laparoscopic techniques (TAPP) and fully pre-peritoneal surgery using the TEP method allowed us to achieve good long-term results. However, there remain unresolved questions of justifying the choice of a particular method of minimally invasive intervention in patients with inguinal hernias, as well as minimal information about the comparison of long-term results of treatment of this category of patients. As a result of the study, the results of treatment of 987 patients with inguinal hernias, operated from 2014 to 2018, were evaluated. in the clinic by the endoscopic method (319 by the laparoscopic method TAPP and 668 patients operated by the TEP method). The criteria for the comparison of endoscopic techniques of hernioplasty were: the duration of the operation, the intensity of the pain syndrome, the postoperative bed-day, the economic costs for one treated herniological patient. It was established that in the absence of significant contraindications, the operation of choice was hernioplasty according to the TER method due to the lower risk of damage to internal organs and its greater economic efficiency, while maintaining all the positive qualities of minimally invasive intervention. The average bed-day after surgery according to the TAPP method was 3.8 ± 0.2, and according to the TEP method - 2.6 ± 0.3. The complications, the frequency and the cause of relapses after endoscopic hernioplasty were studied. Analyzing long-term results, in 3 cases (0.9%) after laparoscopic hernioplasty, a relapse of the disease was diagnosed. After hernioplasty using the TEP method, relapse was diagnosed in 2 cases (0.3%). In 2 patients, the hernia recurred was due to the small size of the established mesh prosthesis (less than 10x15 cm), in 3 patients it was caused by turning the lower edge of the mesh prosthesis and was observed at the stage of mastering the technique. As a result of the study, it was found that the TEP technique, in contrast to laparoscopic hernioplasty TAPP, leads to a reduction in the postoperative hospital bed, is accompanied by a significantly lower pain syndrome and recurrence rate of the disease, and also has greater economic efficiency.
Acute bronchitis: answers to key questions.
Authors: Zaitsev A A , Budoragin I E , Likhodii V I , Savushkina O I
Published: July 2021

The publication is devoted to the etiology and pharmacotherapy of acute bronchitis in adults. The authors obtained data on the etiology of the disease, indicating that in the clear majority of cases acute bronchitis is caused by various respiratory viruses (adenoviruses, influenza viruses and parainfluenza, and combinations of different viruses). The results of the study show that the starting prescription of antibacterial drugs for acute bronchitis is impractical, and the decision on their use should be based on objective data indicating the development of the bacterial process. A good tool for «distinguishing» a viral and bacterial infection is the quantitative determination of C-reactive protein in serum, the level of which is less than 20 mg/l, which is in favor of viral infection.
A.D.Shaikov - a military doctor, a scientist, a chancellor.
Authors: Korneev A G , Aminev R M , Shevlyuk N N , Lantsov E V
Published: July 2021

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of a prominent Russian epidemiologist and former rector of the Orenburg State Medical Institute, lieutenant colonel of the medical service of retired Anatoly Dmitrievich Shaikov. He left a bright trace in the history of naval medicine, having traveled from the ship doctor to the flagship epidemiologist of the 7th Pacific Navy. In the 1960s, under the direction of A.D.Shaikov, a pediatric faculty, a preparatory department, more than 10 new departments and 6 laboratories were created at the Orenburg Medical Institute; A.D.Shaikov made a significant contribution to the scientific development of the problems of military epidemiology, epidemiology of intestinal infections, parasitology, etc.
The prognosis of the patients with violations of rhythm of the heart
Authors: Getman S I
Published: July 2021

The effect of an active 2-year outpatient regimen in patients with persistent cardiac rhythm disturbances in terms of cardiovascular prognosis was studied. The clinical status and outcomes of treatment in patients with ventricular, supraventricular, and combined cardiac arrhythmias were compared for 2 years. During this time, the patients did not reveal significant differences in the number of non-fatal complications (acute cerebrovascular accident, acute myocardial infarction, thromboembolism of the branches of the pulmonary artery, etc.).So, in the group with predominantly supraventricular rhythm disorders identified 5 strokes and 1 pulmonary embolism in the group with a primarily ventricular rhythm disturbances recorded 2 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 1 stroke and in the group with combined ventricular and supraventricular rhythm disorders in 4 patients who developed stroke. Meanwhile, deaths registered significantly more frequently only in patients with predominantly supraventricular rhythm disorders (7 cases vs. 1 and 0 respectively, p
Psychological features of cadets with military professional maladjustment
Authors: Yatmanov A N
Published: July 2021

The psychological characteristics of professionally maladapted cadets are considered. For signs of maladjustment were taken: performance - 3,5 points and below; physical fitness - 3 points and below; high incidence: the number of days of work loss from the beginning of the school year - 11 days or more; low discipline; poor relationship with the command and with colleagues, low psychological stability. Psychological personality traits can both contribute to the military-professional adaptation, and hinder it. Well-adapted cadets for training in a military college are characterized by a high level of stress tolerance, they are curious, have flexible thinking, they have hyperthymic characterological features. Professionally maladjusted cadets are characterized by stereotyped thinking, the prevalence of anxious and exalted character traits, the use of physical force against another person, readiness for the manifestation of negative feelings with the slightest excitement (hot temper), suspicion of relations with others, the expression of negative feelings as through form (cry , screeching), and through the content of verbal responses (curses, threats), the oppositional manner in behavior from passive resistance to active struggle From established customs and laws, they are more aggressive. Based on discriminant modeling, a highly informative forecast model of military professional maladjustment of cadets was developed as part of medical and psychological support measures (Wilks lambda: 0,29207 approx. F (4,58)=35,146; p
The anatomical variations of the gall-bladder in relation to gender, body constitution type, according to results of topographical study
Authors: Trunin E M , Shchegolev A I , Semenova E A , Timohov G V , Sigua B V , Babaev D B
Published: July 2021

This work presents the results of in a noninvasive topographic and anatomical study of the gallbladder and the anterior abdominal wall parameters in the right hypochondrium region (based on the results of spiral computed tomography and 3D modeling) in both sexes with different body types. It is established that there are some features of the gallbladder’s bottom and neck holotopia, depending on sex and body type of the patient. Extreme variants of the gallbladder’s position are revealed. The bottom of the gallbladder is located: a) the most lateral position in hyperstenic men; b) maximum medial in astenic women; c) maximum cranial in astenic men; d) the most caudal in astenic women. The gallbladder’s neck is located: a) the maximum lateral position in normostenic men; b) maximum medial in astenic women; c) maximum cranial in astenic men; c) the maximum caudal in astenic women. A mathematical algorithm is proposed and a software package is developed to determine the gollbladder’s bottom and neck probabilistic location in the three-dimensional coordinate system in patients depending on gender and body type. The developed technique allows to choose the type of operative access, to plan its individual localisation, and also to calculate criteria of operative access depending on patient’s anthropometric data during preparation for intervention. This allows to decide on the rationality of the use of a surgical access, choose its optimal location, the size of the skin incision, thereby reducing surgical trauma during the intervention and leads to improved quality of treatment of patients with gallstone disease.
Application of early necrectomy of a deep skin burn on rats with acute radiation syndrome of mild severity
Authors: Kozyaev V A , Chmyrev I V , Seleznev A B , Legeza V I , Ivchenko E V , Kondakov A Yu , Zubov N N , Nosov A M , Beldymenko E L , Kuznetsova A A
Published: July 2021

The involvement of countries possessing nuclear weapons in local and regional armed conflicts poses a threat of use of nuclear weapon. In the case of this combined radiation injuries can make up to 70% of sanitary losses. The existing ideas about the methods of surgical treatment of combined radiation-thermal injures are contradictory and do not clearly provide procedure depending on the severity of injury or in non-classical forms of injury. The idea of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of performing an early necrectomy of a burn eschar after a two-factor injury, which includes modeling mild acute radiation syndrome in addition to a thermal burn on rats. A deep skin burn was simulated with hot water over an area of 10% of the body surface after total γ-irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy. Then after 3 h the burn eschar necrectomy was performed. It was established that the chosen method of surgical treatment of a deep burn significantly aggravates the severity of irradiated animals, which is manifested by the death of more than 50% of rats in the first 4 days after necrectomy. The operative trauma became the leading component of the combined injury formed and determined the severity of its course. Thus, the burn eschar necrectomy modifies a light two-factor radiation-thermal injury to a classic combined radiation injury. Despite the severe postoperative period, necrectomy significantly accelerates the healing of burn wounds in irradiated animals. This indicates the promise of finding methods for compensating abnormalities developing in the postoperative period in order to accelerate wound healing before the onset of radiation sickness and prevent infectious complications.
Level options for the formation and branching of the common peroneal nerve
Authors: Isaev D M , Gaivoronsky A I , Gaivoronsky I V , Goryacheva I A
Published: July 2021

The study of topographic and anatomical features of the common peroneal nerve and its main branches was performed on 72 lower extremities of adult corpses. Morphoscopic and morphometric established that the higher the level of development of the common peroneal nerve, the greater the diameter, it has held more distance to the branch of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf. The average value of the diameter of the common peroneal nerve at the place of formation is10,1±2,8 mm. Differences in the level of development of the common peroneal nerve play an important role in the evaluation of the clinical picture of his injuries. In the «high» version of the formation, the probability of isolated damage to the common peroneal nerve is higher with trauma to the upper and middle third of the thigh. In this embodiment, the formation between the tibial and the common peroneal nerve revealed «anastomoses». Their presence helps to explain the possible dissonance between the clinical picture and the anatomical substrate of the lesion. It is shown that the lower the level of nerve formation, the greater the angle at which the nerve departs. The loose type of branching of the common peroneal nerve at the level of the head of the fibula does not allow adequate mobilization of the nerve in this area. This, in turn, does not allow intraoperatively overcome diastasis with nerve injury at the level of the fibula head. The surface location of the nerve, as well as its immobility in this place cause a high risk of compression-ischemic neuropathy. These features of the formation and variant anatomy of the common peroneal nerve explain a small percentage of favorable outcomes of surgical treatment of lesions of the common peroneal nerve and its main branches. The obtained morphometric data should be used as an indicator of the range of anatomical norms in the conduct of neuroimaging examination techniques (ultrasound, magnetic resonance) in the diagnosis of damage to the common peroneal nerve.
Physiological characteristics of cognitive functions of cadets with military-training experience
Authors: Petrenko M I , Pavlov K I , Syrtsev A V , Archimuk A N , Mukhin V N , Sysoev V N
Published: July 2021

Investigation of physiological mechanisms of cognitive functions and efficiency of cognitive activity is the major problem of military service psychophysiology. We have studied the effect of military-training experience on cognitive functions, heart rate variability and bioelectrical activity of sensorimotor cortex of cadets. Cadets with military-training experience from Suvorov Military (quantity of errors in Shulte’s test (0,16±0,57) in comparison with the cadets without military-training experience (0,54±1,08) (F=4,7; p=0,03). Cadets from Suvorov Military School had a higher quantity of false start (46,36±17,68) and lower quantity of retardation (86,39±17,44) on visual stimulus of test «Reaction on moving object». Cadets without military-training experience had quantity of false start - 38,04±18,95 (F=5,8; p=0,02) and quantity of retardation - 100,48±20,37 (F=15,1; p=0,001). Cadets with military-training experience solved a lower quantity of tasks in the test «Hours with rotation» (26,18±6,71) in comparison with the cadets without military-training experience (29,10±7,89; F=4,3; p=0,04). The maximum time of solving one task at cadets with military-training experience is more (38,07±10,66 sec) than at cadets without military-training experience (34,07±10,57 sec; F=4,0; p=0,05). Cadets with military-training experience had lower heart rate, the higher standard deviation of R-R-intervals and variation range, high level of relative power in the high-frequency spectral bound. They had high activity of sensorimotor cortex of right cerebral hemisphere in the tests with the switching of attention and had low activity of sensorimotor cortex of left cerebral hemisphere in the test with arithmetic tasks.
Analysis of diagnostic and tactical errors in the management of patients with traumatic limb neuropathies
Authors: Litvinenko I V , Zhivolupov S A , Bulatov A R , Kuzina E E , Rashidov N A , Ivanov V S , Trufanov A G
Published: July 2021

Diagnostic and tactical errors in the management of patients with traumatic neuropathies of the limbs are considered. Attention is drawn to the problem of treatment of traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves and the organization of medical care in modern conditions for patients with this pathology. The paper describes the difficulties encountered in the differential diagnosis and interpretation of the clinical picture of peripheral nervous system damage, as well as the possibilities of neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods of diagnosis, describes the most common variants of innervation. The most common traumatic neuropathies after medical interventions are presented. It is established that a high degree of mechanization of production, an increase in the number of road accidents, growing household injuries and the mass introduction into everyday life of extreme sports lead to an increase in injuries of the peripheral nervous system. The article pays special attention to the organization of medical care for patients in hospital conditions, as well as the main subjective and objective causes of errors in practitioners during topical diagnosis and treatment of nerve injuries. Attention is drawn to the fact that in order to provide modern high-tech medical care for damage to the nerves of the upper and lower extremities, specialists of surgical and neurological profile need to know the architectonics of the peripheral nervous system and the basic laws of degenerative-regenerative processes in damage to the nerves and plexuses. Rational therapy of victims of this profile should be planned and implemented in the early period of traumatic disease.
Problems of military medicine eyes Zinovy Petrovich Soloviev
Authors: Shpanka A V , Koshelev V P , Kornushko I G
Published: July 2021

The main milestones in the life and work of the brilliant organizer of the state and military health care of the young Only Soviet Republic - Zinovy Petrovich Soloviev-are considered. A talented doctor-but still a civilian doctor, was able in the fire of fires and the incredible tension of the country to consider the main tasks for the creation and development of military medical service, to highlight them and to formulate brilliantly, including for future generations of military doctors. They are so marked with a distant sight and depth that in General are very relevant for the modern military medical school. Whatever the issues are not related to the inquiring thought of the first chief of the Main military-sanitary Directorate of the worker-Peasant Red Army and the Deputy of the people’s Commissariat of health of the RSFSR, she always found creative ways of their solution. This was not just about military health. Zinovy Petrovich Soloviev has done a lot for the development and improvement of The Russian Red Cross Society. The breadth of perception of care for the health of citizens of the country shows his constant care for the younger generation. He is the main and the main inspirer of the creation of the all-Union health resort for children-pioneer camp «Artek», which operates and develops in modern conditions and performs the tasks that were set by its founder. Soloviev Z.P. did a lot for the development and improvement of social hygiene as a science. His theoretical foundations and directions of scientific research in the field of social hygiene are still used in modern research scientists in this area. Zinoviy Petrovich Solovyov during his brief but eventful life has done much for the establishment and development of Soviet public health, and highlights its contribution to the restructuring, the formation and further development of military health of the country.
The first academician from dentistry, professor, colonel of medical service A.I. Rybakov
Authors: Iordanishvili A K
Published: July 2021

Presents information from the life of a maxillofacial surgeon and dentist, one of the patriarchs of domestic dentistry, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, doctor of medical sciences, professor, colonel of medical service Anatoly Ivanovich Rybakov, known in our country and abroad. , who was the first director of the Central Research Institute of Dentistry. The data on the formation of A.I. Rybakov as a military doctor and dentist, his combat path during the Great Patriotic War. Turning to the life and professional and social activities of Anatoly Ivanovich, one can find not only interesting scientific facts from the history of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, but also analogies with modernity, answers to many clinical problems of the specialty and medicine of today. The main directions of his scientific activity, which touched questions of almost all sections of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, are noted. A.I. Rybakov was one of the creators of the working concept of the pathogenesis of dental caries and periodontal diseases, the author of the first recorded discovery in dentistry on the phenomenon of the production of intestinal antigen by the oral mucosa of mammals, the founder of the study of the epidemiology of dental diseases in Russia and the Republics of the Soviet Socialist Republics. It is noted that he was a refined connoisseur of the history of national ballet, a true professional and an authority in this field of art. Anatoly Ivanovich, being one of the founders of domestic dentistry, as well as the school of dentists and maxillofacial surgeons, is rightfully recognized as one of the patriarchs of domestic dentistry.
A Tangut Primary Reader. A Brief Collection by Taizong Kept at the IOM, RAS
Authors: Hongyin Nie
Published: July 2021

The previously undeciphered manuscript inv. No. 5875 preserved at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences, proves to be a Tangut version of a primary reader. Its Chinese original is an inconsistently miscellaneous compilation of ancient literary allusions and contemporary folk maxims. The text combines the two distinct literary styles of antithetical couplet and ordinary prose and has no easily defined subject. Although its Chinese original has not been found yet, and the whole text has not been thoroughly deciphered so far, the present article offers a tentative translation of some of its stories in order to lay a foundation for further studies.
Turkish normative data for the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS)
Authors: KAVAKCI Mariam , TANRİVERDİ Melike , BARMAK Elife , KAPAN Nazife
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Swallowing is a complex neuromuscular process requiring the integrity of many muscles and nerves. The natural aging process can result in deterioration of the swallowing structures and result in functional changes in healthy older adults. The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids is the only non-instrumental test that provides quantitative measures for solid food ingestion. This study aimed to establish normative data for the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids in healthy Turkish adults to potentially serve as a standard in dysphagia evaluation.

Materials and Methods: A total of 144 healthy Turkish adults (ages 20-80+ years) grouped by age and gender participated in this study. The test required participants to eat a regional cracker. Per the protocol, the number of masticatory cycles, number of swallows, number of bites, and total duration to eat the cracker were recorded.

Results: Normative data were obtained for the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids from 144 healthy adults, stratified by age and gender. Younger participants took fewer bites (2.00 versus 2.65), chewed less (34.50 versus 51.02), swallowed less (2.06 versus 3.39), and swallowed quicker (30.14 versus 49.20) than older participants. In terms of gender, males took fewer bites (1.94 versus 2.59), chewed less (40.98 versus 45.83), and swallowed quicker (36.72 versus 41.23) than females.

Conclusion: The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids is a quick, sensitive, and objective measure of solid bolus ingestion that may be useful for identifying dysphagic patients at bedside and for tracking the efficiency of the oral phase of swallowing.
Pengaruh Kuat Arus Dan Besar Sudut Kampuh Terhadap Kekuatan Impact Dan Nilai Kekerasan Plat Baja Karbon Rendah Dengan Menggunakan Las SMAW
Authors: Aziz Soleh Abdul
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Welding is welding that utilizes flame heat in electric arcs to melt electrodes and workpieces. SMAW welding is widely used because of its relatively easy to use, cost-friendly and maximum quality results. In conducting welding has several factors that will affect the quality of the welding results such as a welder, welding current and metal distance and welding seam angle. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of current variations and magnitude of the seam angle to the value of the impact strength and the hardness value of the SMAW welding results. This study uses a pre-experimental method with a one-shot case model. The results of this study indicate the highest impact strength values of current variations in the 80 Ampere specimen at the angle of seam V 60o in the amount of 0.0799 J / mm2 and in the 80 Ampere specimen in the angle of the 80o V in the seam angle of 0.0942 J / mm2. Then for the highest impact strength value variation of seam angle V group of seam angle specimen V 80o current 80 Amperes is equal to 0.0942 J / mm2 and specimen angle of seam V 80o current 100 Ampere 0.0824 J / mm2. The highest hardness value is obtained with a variation of the current specimen group of 100 Ampere in the angle of seam V 60o that is equal to 187.1 HVN and in the specimen group 100 Ampere with the angle of contact V 80o that is equal to 204.4 HVN. Then the highest hardness value variation angle seam V specimen V 80o with current 80 Amperes is equal to 191.63 HVN and specimen angle of seam V 80o with 100 amperes current that is equal to 204.4 HVN. KeyWords : SMAW, Welding current, V groove, Impact Strength, Hardness
Pengaruh Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Produktif dan Partisipasi Ekstrakulikuler Terhadap Kesiapan Berwirausaha Siswa Kelas XII SMK Negeri 6 Malang
Authors: Oktapian Andi
Published: July 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh hasil belajar mata pelajaran produktif, dan partisipasi ekstrakulikuler terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha siswa kelas XII SMK Negeri 6 Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian ex post facto dan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Data penelitian berupa angket siswa dan hasil belajar mata pelajaran produktif semester 4. Diolah dengan menggunakan analisis statistik, uji asumsi klasik dan uji hipotesis untuk membuktikan hipotesis adanya pengaruh hasil belajar mata pelajaran produktif, dan partisipasi ekstrakulikuler terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha. Anggota populasi siswa kelas XII berjumlah 93 siswa. Sampel diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling sehingga setiap anggota populasi memiliki peluang yang sama untk menjadi sampel penelitian, berjumlah 75 siswa. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara hasil belajar mata pelajaran produktif, dan partisipasi ekstrakulikuler terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha siswa kelas XII SMK Negeri 6  Malang. Kata kunci: hasil belajar, mata pelajaran produktif, partisipasi ekstrakulikuler, kesiapan berwirausaha