bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of regional economic integration in Europe of the pattern north-north and north-south
Authors: Antevski Miroslav
Published: January 2008

This paper examines the effects of regional economic integration in Europe, especially the North-North and North-South integration patterns, and how the benefits and costs of integration are divided between countries. Outcomes depend on: comparative advantages, factor endowments, factor intensities, competitive advantages, FDI flows, transfers of technology, knowledge spillovers, economies of scale, transport costs, industry/GDP ratios, and agglomeration forces. The North-North integration between high income countries tends to lead to convergence of country incomes. Contrary, the South-South integration between low income countries causes divergence. Low income countries are likely to be better served by the North-South integration.
Microstructures of the Lim zone along the contact with Dinaridic Ophiolite nappe
Authors: Ilic Aleksandar , Pesic Luka
Published: January 2008

The Lim Zone is a part of the low-grade metamorphic core complex called the Lim Palaeozoic Unit, overlain by detached Triassic sedimentary successions. The Lim Unit is located in the footwall of overriding Dinaridic Ophiolite nappe. In general, three major ductile deformation phases could be observed on the boundary between the Lim Unit and the overriding Dinaridic Ophiolite nappe. In both, the Lim Unit and the Dinaridic ophiolite nappe, the major deformation event was related to the SSW-directed, oblique thrusting along the Dinaridic ophiolite thrust. The same orientation of the stretching lineation in both units is related to the predominant top-to-the-south shear, which suggests, therefore, oblique thrusting during the emplacement of the ophiolites over the Lim Unit. This paper deals with the results of microstructural analysis of Palaeozoic rocks of Lim Zone along the contact with Dinaridic ophiolite nappe.
A mid-miocene age for the Slanci formation near Belgrade (Serbia), based on a record of the primitive antelope Eotragus cf. Clavatus from Visnjica
Authors: van der , Knezevic Slobodan , Stefanovic Ivan
Published: January 2008

In a borhole at Veliko Selo near Belgrade in the Miocene lacustrine sediments Slanci, which are locally known as the Slanacka Serija, a mammal tooth was found. The age of these deposits is under discussion. The fossil is here described and attributed with a query to the primitive antelope Eotragus clavatus (GERVAIS, 1850), which is suggestive of a Early Serravallian ("upper Badenian") or Early Middle Miocene age for these deposits, whereas an Aquitalian or Eggenburgian ("Egerian" or "Eggenburgian") (Early Miocene) age can be ruled out.
Pleistocene malacofauna of the Pozarevac Danube area (NE Serbia)
Authors: Mitrovic Biljana
Published: January 2008

The results of recent analyses of loess samples from the localities: Cirikovac, Klenovnik, Novi Kostolac, Zatonje and Kisiljevo, confirm the idea that malacological associations identify biotope characteristics. Using palaeontological analyses, 25 species of gastropods were identified. Statistical analyses, tables and histograms based on ecological indices separate malacolgical associations: forest and species living mainly in woods, but also in mesophilous places and both damp and dry biotopes, steppe, open biotopes, mesophilous and hygrophilous species. Based on the current literature on the Pozarevac Danube Area, the species Vertigo pygmaea in Cirikovac and Columella columella in Klenovnik were recorded for the first time. Based on the following species: Succinella oblonga, Cochlicopa lubrica, Granaria frumentum, Vallonia costata, Vitrea crystallina, Pupilla muscorum, etc. it could be concluded that loessoid eolian sediments have their origin in the arid climate during the Pleistocene.
European cost action 531: Basic research on lead-free soldering
Authors: Ipser H.
Published: January 2008

nema
Surdat: Database of physical properties of lead-free solders
Authors: Moser Z. , Gasior W. , Debski A. , Pstrus J.
Published: January 2008

The results of investigations, carried out since 1998, of surface tension by the maximum bubble pressure method, and of density by the dilatometric method for pure metals, binary and multicomponent systems have been used to create an electronic database SURDAT of materials for lead-free solders. The database enables also to compare the experimental data of surface tension with the values calculated from Butler's relation and with the literature data of other authors. The base was published at the beginning of the year 2007 as a monograph including the installation program and may by obtained free from the website www.imim.pl. The present version of the SURDAT database will be introduced on the website of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) together with the new version of Lead-Free Solders base elaborated by NIST. The work on the database is continued. The SURDAT database will be supplemented with new data of surface tension and density for systems already available in the base as well as for new systems and it will be extended by including the results of meniscographic investigations. In the paper there has been offered the instruction for preparing the data for the authors of studies who would like to present the results of their experimental investigations in the SURDAT database.
Effect of trace elements on the interface reactions between two lead-free solders and copper or nickel substrates
Authors: Soares D. , Vilarinho C. , Barbosa J. , Samuel F. , Trigo L. , Bré P.
Published: January 2008

Traditional Sn-Pb solder alloys are being replaced, because of environmental and health concerns about lead toxicity. Among some alternative alloy systems, the Sn-Zn and Sn-Cu base alloy systems have been studied and reveal promising properties. The reliability of a solder joint is affected by the solder/substrate interaction and the nature of the layers formed at the interface. The solder/substrate reactions, for Sn-Zn and Sn-Cu base solder alloys, were evaluated in what concerns the morphology and chemical composition of the interface layers. The effect of the addition of P, at low levels, on the chemical composition of the layers present at the interface was studied. The phases formed at the interface between the Cu or Ni substrate and a molten lead-free solder at 250?C, were studied for different stage times and alloy compositions. The melting temperatures, of the studied alloys, were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Identification of equilibrium phases formed at the interface layer, and the evaluation of their chemical composition were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS). Different interface characteristics were obtained, namely for the alloys containing Zn. The obtained IML layer thickness was compared, for both types of alloy systems.
The behavior of the lattice parameters in the Bi-Sn-Zn system
Authors: Braga Helena , Ferreira J. , Malheiros L.F.
Published: January 2008

Lattice parameters, coefficients of thermal expansion and mass density were determined by means of X-ray powder diffraction between 30 and 180?C (or 240?C - depending on samples' composition). Rietveld refinement was performed in order to obtain phases' lattice parameters at each temperature. The Panalytical X' Pert Pro MPD was used for room temperature X-ray diffraction experiments (RTXRD) with bulk samples. The aim was to identify the phases that were present in the sample, as well as, their lattice parameters. For some samples, powder high temperature X-ray diffraction measurements (HT-XRD) were also performed, under a vacuum of 10-5 mbar or an argon atmosphere. It was found that the lattice parameters of (Bi), (Sn) and (Zn) don't change with the composition, at room temperature, as expected since all samples belong to the three phase region. It was also concluded that (Bi) behaves like an isometric crystalline solid on the contrary of (Zn) that has different expansion coefficients for different crystallographic directions a (= b) and c.
Microstructure and properties of silver based cadmium free electrical contact materials
Authors: Talijan N. , Cosovic V. , Stajic-Trosic Jasna , Grujic A. , Zivkovic Dragana , Romhanji E.
Published: January 2008

The presented work covers part of experimental results of simultaneous study of microstructure, density, hardness and electrical conductivity of sintered electrical contact materials based of Ag- SnO2 with 8, 10 and 12 mass% SnO2. The mentioned characteristics were analyzed in the function of different sintering regimes and after additional mechanical treatment (forging and rolling). The influence of small addition of In2O3 (2.9 mass%) on the increase of dispersion of main oxide SnO2 in Ag matrix is observed and presented also.
Radical reactions of xanthates: Annulation of the cyclopentene ring
Authors: Elheshi Mohamed , Maslak Veselin , Saicic Radomir
Published: January 2008

Homoallylic radicals, generated from the corresponding xanthates, react with terminal alkynes to give cyclopentene derivatives in moderate yields.
Substituent and structural effects on the kinetics of the reaction of N-(substituted phenylmethylene)-m- and -p-aminobenzoic acids with diazodiphenylmethane
Authors: Jovanovic Bratislav , Marinkovic Aleksandar , Vitnik Zeljko , Juranic Ivan
Published: January 2008

The rate constants for the reaction of twenty-two N-(substituted phenylmethylene)- m- and -p-aminobenzoic acids with diazodiphenylmethane were determined in absolute ethanol at 30 ?C. The effects of substituents on the reactivity of the investigated compounds were interpreted by correlation of the rate constants with LFER equations. The results of quantum mechanical calculations of the molecular structure together with experimental results gave a better insight into the effects of structure on the transmission of electronic effects of the substituents. New ? constants for substituted benzylideneamino group were calculated.
Interactions of the anti-tumor sesquiterpene hydroquinone avarol with DNA in vitro
Authors: Vujcic Miroslava , Tufegdzic Srdjan , Vujcic Zoran , Gasic Miroslav , Sladic Dusan
Published: January 2008

Changes in electrophoresis pattern after interaction of supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA with avarol was studied at a micromolar concentration of reactants under mild reaction conditions. Interactions of avarol with linear high-molecular CT-DNA at millimolar concentrations were analyzed by electrophoresis and UV spectrophotometry. It was observed that avarol is capable of quenching ethidium bromide fluorescence in DNA bands. An increase in the absorbance of DNA was detected. The results indicate the binding of avarol to DNA and/or modification of nucleotide bases.
Chemical modification of the lectin of the marine coral Gerardia savaglia by marine quinone avarone
Authors: Pajic Ivana , Vujcic Zoran , Vujcic Miroslava , Novakovic Irena , Sladic Dusan , Gasic Miroslav
Published: January 2008

The quinone avarone, isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea avara, possesses the ability to chemically modify proteins. In this work, modification of lectin isolated from the coral Gerardia savaglia by avarone was examined. The techniques used for studying the modification were: SDS PAGE, isoelectric focusing and hemagglutination testing. The results of the SDS PAGE indicate dimerization of the protein. A shift of the pI toward lower value occurs upon modification. The change of the hemagglutination activity of the protein confirms that chemical modification of G. savaglia lectin by avarone changes its ability to interact with the membrane of erythrocytes.
High-spin binuclear Co(II) complexes with a pendant octaazamaclocycle and carboxylates
Authors: Vuckovic G. , Tanaskovic S.B. , Miodragovic Z.M. , Stanic V.
Published: January 2008

Three new binuclear Co(II) mixed-ligand complexes with N,N?,N??,N???-tetrakis( 2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (tpmc) and mono- or dicarboxylate ligands were prepared and some of their physical properties were determined. The general formulas: [Co2(HCOO)2tpmc](ClO4)2?4H2O, [Co2(CH3COO)2tpmc](ClO4)2 and [Co2(tpht)tpmc](ClO4)2?4H2O (tphtH2 = terephthalic acid) were proposed on the basis of elemental analyses (C,H,N) and molar conductivity. UV/Vis absorption and IR spectra, magnetic and CV measurements were used to study their geometries and properties. For the monocarboxylate complexes, an exo coordination of Co(II) with four nitrogens from tpmc and bis-bidentate bonded HCOO-/CH3COO- in the trans position is assumed. Tpmc adopts the chair conformation. For the dicarboxylate complex, it is supposed that a terephthalate dianion, as well as methylene chains from cyclam bridge two Co(II) atoms, while tpmc is in the boat conformation. The complexes were stable against chemical and electrochemical oxidation of Co(II) to Co(III). The data are compared with those for the previously published Cu(II) complexes containing the corresponding ligands and mutual similarities or differences were considered. Finally, some antibacterial activity of the complexes was found.
Are the program packages for molecular structure calculations really black boxes?
Authors: Mrakovic Ana , Drvendzija Milica , Samolov Aleksandra , Petkovic Milena , Peric Miljenko
Published: January 2008

In this communication it is shown that the widely held opinion that compact program packages for quantum-mechanical calculations of molecular structure can safely be used as black boxes is completely wrong. In order to illustrate this, the results of computations of equilibrium bond lengths, vibrational frequencies and dissociation energies for all homonuclear diatomic molecules involving the atoms from the first two rows of the Periodic Table, performed using the Gaussian program package are presented. It is demonstrated that the sensible use of the program requires a solid knowledge of quantum chemistry.
Adhesion of epoxy cataphoretic coatings on Zn alloys
Authors: Bajat Jelena , Miskovic-Stankovic Vesna , Drazic Dragutin
Published: January 2008

One of the most important factors in corrosion prevention by protective coatings is the loss of coating adhesion under environmental influence. In this work, the adhesion of epoxy cataphoretic coatings was examined on steel and steel modified by Zn-Fe and Zn-Co alloys. The dry and wet adhesions of epoxy primers were measured by the direct pull-off standardized procedure, as well as indirectly by the NMP test. The corrosion stability of the coated samples was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was shown that under dry testing conditions all the samples exhibited very good adhesion. However, different trends of adhesion loss of different protective systems during exposure to a corrosive agent (3 % NaCl solution) were observed. The lowest adhesion values were obtained for epoxy coating on the steel substrate. The change in adhesion of the epoxy coating on steel modified by Zn-Co alloy during immersion in 3 % NaCl solution for 24 days was the smallest of all the investigated samples. Electrochemical impedance measurements in 3 % NaCl solution confirmed the good protective properties of this protective system, i.e., greater values of pore resistance were obtained.
Sol-gel prepared active ternary oxide coating on titanium in cathodic protection
Authors: Panic Vladimir , Nikolic Branislav
Published: January 2008

The characteristics of a ternary oxide coating, on titanium, which consisted of TiO2, RuO2 and IrO2 in the molar ratio 0.6:0.3:0.1, calculated on the metal atom, were investigated for potential application for cathodic protection in a seawater environment. The oxide coatings on titanium were prepared by the sol-gel procedure from a mixture of inorganic oxide sols, which were obtained by forced hydrolysis of metal chlorides. The morphology of the coating was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of activated titanium anodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and polarization measurements in a H2SO4- and NaCl-containing electrolyte, as well as in seawater sampled on the Adriatic coast in Tivat, Montenegro. The anode stability during operation in seawater was investigated by the galvanostatic accelerated corrosion stability test. The morphology and electrochemical characteristics of the ternary coating are compared to that of a sol-gel-prepared binary Ti0.6Ru0.4O2 coating. The activity of the ternary coating was similar to that of the binary Ti0.6Ru0.4O2 coating in the investigated solutions. However, the stability in seawater is found to be considerably greater for the ternary coating.
Tailoring the morphology and electrocatalytic properties of electrochemically formed Ag/TiO2 composite deposits on titanium surfaces
Authors: Mentus S.V. , Boskovic I. , Pjescic J.M. , Grudic V. , Bogdanov Z.
Published: January 2008

Three different forms of Ag/TiO2 composite layers, which have whisker-, dot- and island-like distribution of silver were obtained on a mechanically polished titanium surface by adjusting the conditions of silver deposition from an aqueous AgNO3 solution. The deposit morphology was the result of both the program of electrode polarization and the template action of the simultaneously formed TiO2 layer. The catalytic activity of the composite layers toward the oxygen reduction reaction was studied in aqueous 0.1 M NaOH solutions and found to be a function of both the surface loading of silver and the type of silver distribution within the Ag/TiO2 composite layers. The reaction path of oxygen reduction on the composite layers was found to be always a 4e- one, characteristic otherwise of polycrystalline silver electrodes.
Modelling of volumetric properties of binary and ternary mixtures by CEOS, CEOS/Ge and empirical models
Authors: Djordjevic Bojan , Serbanovic Slobodan , Radovic Ivona , Tasic Aleksandar , Kijevcanin Mirjana
Published: January 2008

Although many cubic equations of state coupled with van der Waals-one fluid mixing rules including temperature dependent interaction parameters are sufficient for representing phase equilibria and excess properties (excess molar enthalpy HE, excess molar volume VE, etc.), difficulties appear in the correlation and prediction of thermodynamic properties of complex mixtures at various temperature and pressure ranges. Great progress has been made by a new approach based on CEOS/GE models. This paper reviews the last six-year of progress achieved in modelling of the volumetric properties for complex binary and ternary systems of non-electrolytes by the CEOS and CEOS/GE approaches. In addition, the vdW1 and TCBT models were used to estimate the excess molar volume VE of ternary systems methanol + chloroform + benzene and 1-propanol + chloroform + benzene, as well as the corresponding binaries methanol + chloroform, chloroform + benzene, 1-propanol + chloroform and 1-propanol + benzene at 288.15-313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Also, prediction of VE for both ternaries by empirical models (Radojkovic, Kohler, Jackob-Fitzner, Colinet, Tsao-Smith, Toop, Scatchard, Rastogi) was performed.
Multivariate data visualization methods based on elemental analysis of wines by atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Razic Slavica , Cokesa Djuro , Sremac Snezana
Published: January 2008

The contents of five metals (Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, and Pb) in several red and white wines originating from different regions of Serbia were determined by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The data were processed using chemometric techniques. Principal component and factor analysis were applied in order to highlight the relations between the elements and, after data reduction, three main factors controlling variability were identified. Application of hierarchical cluster analysis to the studied wines indicated differentiation of the samples belonging to different origins. No discrimination between red and white wines was found.
On the Franck-Condon factors and R-centroids of the astrophysically interesting molecule CS
Authors: Karthikeyan B. , Raja V. , Rajamanickam N. , Bagare S.P.
Published: January 2008

In molecular astrophysics, the Franck-Condon (FC) factors and r-centroids are essential for the interpretation of spectral intensities in terms of emitting astrophysical source conditions. They have been evaluated for the band systems a 3?r - X 1?+, d3?ni - X 1?+- X 1?+, e 3?- - X 1?+, A' 1?+ - X 1?+ and d3?ni and - a 3?r of astrophysical molecule CS. The physical and astrophysical significances of our evaluated FC factors and r-centroids are discussed. The FC factor values of a - X system have been compared with the values of FC factors reported by Reddy et al. (2003).
Monitoring active stars 29 Dra, 12 Cam and colour excess of II Peg
Authors: Zboril M.
Published: January 2008

We present the BV light curves analysis of late-type, long-period stars 29 Dra, 12 Cam for the season 2005/2006, and shorter-period star II Peg for the same season. High latitude spots (alternatively spot configuration) cooler than surrounding photosphere were able to explain the light curves. The II Peg colour- index shift in H-R diagram is probably a consequence of stellar metallicity. Other associated mechanisms are briefly discussed.
Histological changes in periodontal tissue caused by the application of citric acid in the treatment of periodontal disease
Authors: Nedeljkovic Ruzica , Bojic Petar , Zelic Obrad
Published: January 2008

Introduction: Surface conditioning of teeth with periodontal disease in the surgical treatment of periodontal disease has an important role in the reparation of periodontal tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of citric acid on the induction of connective tissue attachment, i.e. cementogenesis and the resorption of cementum and dentin after flap reposition on the exposed tooth surfaces. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 12 "White Landras" pigs, 6 male and 6 female, with deciduous dentition. The "split mouth" technique was used for more adequate assessment and comparison of data. Exposed surfaces of the upper left canine were treated with laterally positioned flap (LPF) and their counterparts with free gingival graft (FGG). The recipient site was prepared by tissue excision and the tooth surface was prepared using hand instruments. The donor site for LPF was the edentulous region lateral to the treated tooth, where the full width flap was lifted to completely cover the exposed root surface over the enamel-cementum junction. In the experimental group, a fresh solution of citric acid (pH=1) was applied for 3-5 min with a sterile cotton pellet prior to the flap reposition. The tooth was rinsed with saline and the wound was sutured with single sutures. In the control group, the identical surgical treatment was performed but without citric acid. FGG, i.e. half width flap taken from the edentulous region lateral to the treated teeth, was used to cover the exposed tooth surfaces. Prior to FGG positioning in the experimental group, citric acid was applied in the same manner as in animals treated with LPF. The graft covered the exposed root surface. Fixation was done with single sutures and the wound was additionally preserved with surgical dressing. The control group was treated without citric acid. The animals were sacrificed eight weeks after the treatment. The material was prepared in a routine manner for histological sampling under light microscopy. After 10% formalin fixation, the material was decalcified for 7-10 days. Paraffin molds were cut in 5 ?m thick slices which were stained with haematoxylin eosin (HE), Masson-Trichrome and Paf-Hallmi. Periodontal tissue status in experimental animals was analyzed under the light microscope. Results: Citric acid applied on the exposed tooth surface during the flap surgery had a positive effect on cementogenesis. Cementoblasts were observed along root cementum in thick rows. Newly formed cementum was hyperplastic, with regular laminar structure and more evident on animal models treated with full width flap. No damage of odontoblasts or pulpal connective tissue was observed.
Comparative study of coronal sealing ability using root cross sections method
Authors: Markovic Dejan , Zivojinovic Vesna , Zivkovic Slavoljub
Published: January 2008

Objective: An in vitro comparison of coronal microleakage of three root canal sealers was performed using the dye leakage method. Methodology: Ninety-eight single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and randomly allocated to two groups. In the first group, root canals were treated with EDTA to remove the smear layer. The roots in both groups were obturated using laterally condensed gutta-percha and Sealapex, AH-26 or Ketac-Endo as the sealer. The teeth were suspended in 1% methylene blue dye for 6 days. The teeth were then rinsed, sectioned perpendicular to the long axis and evaluated for coronal dye penetration. Results: In general, Ketac-Endo root canal sealer showed greater dye penetration than Sealapex and AH-26. A statistically significant difference in the coronal penetration of the dye was found in the group with intact smear layer. Conclusion: Highly significant differences between AH-26 and Ketac-Endo (p < 0.001) and Sealapex and Ketac Endo (p < 0.001) were found.
Instrumental selection of tooth color in prosthodontic rehabilitation
Authors: Djurisic Slobodan , Milic-Lemic Aleksandra , Obradovic-Djuricic Kosovka , Popovic Olga
Published: January 2008

Tooth color selection in prosthodontics is a very important factor for successful rehabilitation. The aim of this paper was to present different instruments for tooth color selection in prosthodontic rehabilitation. Knowledge of basic principles of a complex psychophysical phenomenon such as color is of essential interest in prosthodontic therapy. Furthemore, the mechanism of physiological perception of color and available methods for an objective determination of tooth color are also presented in the paper.
The consequences of an untimely diagnosed mesiodens: Case report
Authors: Tomic Slavoljub , Jankovic Svjetlana , Smrekic Bojana , Djordjevic Stevanka
Published: January 2008

Supernumerary teeth may have all characteristics of normal teeth (dens supernumeratus) or, more frequently, appear as rudimentary remains of the tooth bud (dens accessories). Such teeth may cause various complications and the most frequent are orthodontic anomalies and follicular cysts. Among all supernumerary teeth, the most frequent is mesiodens. It may be of different shape, but most often is conical. Untimely diagnosed and treated mesiodens may, in older age, result in complications and compromise prosthodontic rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to present a case where untimely treatment (diagnostics and extraction) of a mesiodens resulted in the formation of a follicular cyst and a partial resorption of the root of an adjacent tooth (central incisor), which had to be extracted. The patient sought a prosthodontic treatment. However, a hazelnut-size tumor was found in the upper anterior region. Clinical and X-ray examination implied the presence of a follicular cyst around a supernumerary tooth, which was situated between upper central incisors. Cystical sac was removed in a usual manner along with the extraction of the impacted mesiodens. Unfortunately, the upper central left incisor had to be extracted as well due to a progressed root resorption.
Sintering behavior of Y2O3 doped Bi2O3 ceramics
Authors: Alizadeh M. , Maghsoudipour A. , Moztarzadeh F. , Ahmadi K. , Saremi M.
Published: January 2008

Influence of sintering temperature and soaking time on densification of Bi2O3 samples doped with 25%mol Y2O3 was investigated by shrinkage and relative density measurements. Samples were sintered in air at different temperatures in the range of 800 to 1000?C for 24 hr. The results showed that samples sintered at 950?C have the maximum relative density. Several samples were sintered at 950?C for duration of 0 to 36 hr in order to evaluate the effect of soaking time on densification of samples. It was found that the samples were sintered at 950?C for 36hr had higher relative density than others did for smaller time duration X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses detected ? -Bi2O3 as the sole stable phase in all samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) investigation of fractured surface of the samples showed that porosities decrease by increasing of sintering temperature and grow by further increasing of temperature.
Far infrared properties of sintered PbTe doped with boron
Authors: Nikolic P.M. , Paraskevopoulos K.M. , Zorba T.T. , Pavlidou E. , Kantiranis N. , Vujatovic S.S. , Aleksic O.A. , Nikolic M.V. , Ivetic T. , Savic S. , Labus N. , Blagojevic V.
Published: January 2008

Far infrared spectra of sintered PbTe doped with boron were analyzed. The measured infrared spectra were fitted using a modified plasmon-phonnon interaction model with two additional oscillators (at about 195 cm-1 and 285 cm-1) representing local B-impurity modes. The obtained results were compared with previously published data for a single crystal PbTe sample doped with boron.
Raman study of Ba-doped ceria nanopowders
Authors: Radovic M. , Dohcevic-Mitrovic Z. , Scepanovic M. , Grujic-Brojcin M. , Matovic B. , Boskovic S. , Popovic Z.V.
Published: January 2008

A series of Ce1-xBaxO2-y (5?x?0.20) nanometric powders were synthesized by selfpropagating room temperature synthesis. XRD and Raman scattering measurements were used to characterize the samples at room temperature. All the samples are solid solutions with fluorite type structure with an average crystallite size about 5 nm. The redshift and asymmetric broadening of the Raman F2g mode can be well explained with combined confinement and strain effects because of the nanocrystalline powders nature. The appearance of the additional peaks at ~ 560 cm-1 and ~ 600 cm-1, are attributed to extrinsic and intrinsic O2- vacancies in ceria lattice. Raman spectra of temperature treated Ce0.80Ba0.20O2-d sample revealed the instability of this system.
Cerium oxide based nanometric powders: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Ninic M. , Boskovic S. , Nenadovic M. , Zec S. , Voisavljevic K. , Minic D. , Matovic B.
Published: January 2008

Nanometric powders of solid solutions of cerium oxide were obtained by a modified glycine nitrate procedure. Solid solutions of the host compound CeO2 with one or more dopants in the lattice were synthesized. Rare earth cations (Re=Yb, Gd and Sm) were added to ceria in total concentration of x= 0.2 that was kept constant. The criterion in doping was to keep the value of lattice parameter of ceria unchanged. The lattice parameters were calculated by using the model that takes into account the existence of oxygen vacancies in the structure.
Victimization of psychiatric patients
Authors: Ciric Zoran
Published: January 2008

Because of their biological, and, especially, psychological and social characteristics, psychiatric patients can often become victims of very different modalities of activities which cause harm to them. These factors exist and have origin in social context where mentally ill live, but they can be factors that belong to whole social community as well. The aim of this paper is to review factors which contribute to victimisation of psychiatric patients, to point out a risk of their victimisation and their specific predispositions, as well as negative social circumstances which make psychiatric patients vulnerable to become victims in broader sense. In addition, the proposal of possible typology of psychiatric patients as victims is included as well.
International protection of persons with mental disabilities
Authors: Radivojevic Zoran , Raicevic Nebojsa
Published: January 2008

In International law, the status of persons with mental disabilities is regulated within the framework on the protection of persons with disabilities. Their rights are protected not only by international treaties comprising legal provisions of binding character for the parties but also by means of the so-called "soft law" comprising international documents which are not legally binding. Most of the general and subject specific treaties on human rights do not explicitly deal with the status of persons with disabilities. Only recently have some treaties been made containing legal provisions on special protection of persons with disabilities. The most important treaty of this kind is the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted in the year 2006. The protection of such persons is regulated in much more detail by "soft law" which includes a number of documents adopted by the UN, the Council of Europe and the European Union. Although most of these documents primarily pertain to the rights and the status of persons with disabilities, there are a few that exclusively deal with the protection of persons with mental disorder.
The procedure of involuntary hospitalization of persons with mental disorder in light of the human rights protection standards
Authors: Petrusic Nevena
Published: January 2008

This paper is aimed at analyzing the procedure of involuntary hospitalization of persons with mental disorder. Considering the fact that enforced hospitalization interferes with the fundamental human rights and individual freedoms, the rules of involuntary hospitalization procedure have to provide for the legality of decisions, prevent possible abuses and enable the exercise of legitimate rights and interests of persons with mental disorder confined to treatment in psychiatric institutions. Bearing in mind the significance of the involuntary hospitalization procedure, the author of this paper provides a critical analysis of the national regulation on involuntary hospitalization. The aim of this analysis is to observe whether the rules of involuntary hospitalization procedure comply with the generally recognized international and European standards on the human rights protection of persons with mental disorder, and to identify the shortcomings of the existing mechanism of involuntary hospitalization. Taking into consideration the results of this analysis, the author points to the necessity of reforming the involuntary hospitalization procedure and proposes possible directions for a further improvement of this legal institute.
Position of persons with mental disorders in penal law
Authors: Mrvic-Petrovic Natasa
Published: January 2008

In penal law, persons with mental disorders most often receive attention as potential perpetrators of criminal acts. Persons who commit unlawful act provided under law as a criminal offence in the state of mental incompetence are subjected to a primary sanction - security measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment and confinement in a medical institution. This measure, as well as the security measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment at liberty may be also ordered to a person who committed a criminal offence in a state of substantially impaired mental capacity. In the new Serbian Penal Code 2005 few changes has been done respecting the conditions for imposing the security measures of compulsory psychiatric treatment and confinement in a medical institution and compulsory treatment at liberty, even though these provisions needed to be brought into accord with the changed concept of guilt. Especially, these changes are not properly expressed in the new Code of Criminal Procedure (special procedure for application of security measures). It is therefore even more distinct the contradictory position of a mentally incompetent person accused of a crime. One way of solving this issue, supported by the author, includes a separate legislation on protection of persons with mental disorders (including those persons who, in the state of mental incompetence, commit unlawful acts provided under law as criminal offences). The position of persons in the state of substantially impaired mental capacity does not need necessarily to be changed, since their guilt is not excluded. The entire complexity of protection of these persons? human rights is additionally pointed out in the section referring to execution of security measure of compulsory treatment and confinement in a medical institution, which naturally includes deprivation of liberty and compulsory psychiatric treatment.
The right to equal treatment in employment of persons with mental disorders
Authors: Obradovic Goran
Published: January 2008

In labor law, the principle of non-discrimination of persons with mental disabilities is observed within the legislative framework of the prohibition of discrimination against persons with disabilities and persons with general health problems. In light of the most significant international documents and the national legislation in this area, this paper is aimed at elaborating on the prohibition of discrimination of persons with mental disorders in the field of employment law. At the end of the paper, the author provides some clarification on the legal solutions pertaining to the right to equal treatment regarding persons with mental disorders.
Effect of wall proximity in fluid flow and heat transfer from a square prism placed inside a wind tunnel
Authors: Chakrabarty Dipes , Brahma Ranajit
Published: January 2008

Experimental investigations in fluid flow and heat transfer have been carried out to study the effect of wall proximity due to flow separation around square prisms. Experiments have been carried out for the Reynolds number 4.9?104, blockage ratios are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4, different height-ratios, and various angles of attack. The static pressure distribution has been measured on all faces of the square prisms. The results have been presented in the form of pressure coefficient, drag coefficient for various height-ratios and blockage ratios. The pressure distribution shows positive values on the front face whereas on the rear face negative values of the pressure coefficient have been observed. The positive pressure coefficient for different height-ratios does not vary too much but the negative values of pressure coefficient are higher for all points on the surface as the bluff body approaches towards the upper wall of the wind tunnel. The drag coefficient decreases with the increase in angle of attack as the height-ratio decreases. The maximum value of drag coefficient has been observed at an angle of attack nearly 50? for square prism at all height-ratios. The heat transfer experiments have been carried out under constant heat flux condition. Heat transfer coefficients are determined from the measured wall temperature and ambient temperature, and presented in the form of Nusselt number. Both local and average Nusselt numbers have been presented for various height-ratios. The variation of local Nusselt number has been shown with non-dimensional distance for different angles of attack and blockage ratios. The variation of average Nusselt number has also been shown with different angles of attack for blockage ratios. The local as well as average Nusselt number decreases as the height-ratio decreases for all non-dimensional distance and angle of attack for square prisms. The average Nusselt number for square prisms of different blockage ratio varies with the angle of attack. But there is no definite angle of attack at different block- age ratio at which the value of average Nusselt number is either maximum or minimum.
A CFD analysis of room aspect ratio on the effect of buoyancy and room air flow
Authors: Tripathi Brajesh , Sandipan Moulic , Arora Late
Published: January 2008

Comfort conditions in air-conditioned rooms require that temperature in the occupied zone should not vary by more than 1?C and velocity, every where in the room, should be less than 0.15 m/s so that occupants do not feel draft. Recent developments in providing effective insulation and making leak tight buildings are considerably reduced the cooling load requirements and the supply airflow rates. Obtaining uniform temperature distribution with reduced air volume flow rates requires careful design of air distribution system. This study aims to find velocity and temperature distribution in the room towards this end.
Effects of heat sink compounds on contact resistance of porous media
Authors: Akinyemi Olukayode , Sauer Thomas
Published: January 2008

High and low-conductivity heat sink compounds were applied in succession on a thermal probe, which was then used to determine the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of some porous media at room temperature. The experiment was conducted separately under different packing densities and water contents to see the effects of the heat sink compounds on the thermal properties at such conditions. High conductivity grease increased the values of thermal conductivity considerably and thus reduces the contact resistance, with increase in bulk density at air-dry conditions, but had virtually no effects on its thermal diffusivity. It however decreased both the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity with water content increment. The thermal properties obtained without thermal grease vary considerably from those with the heat sink compounds as water was being applied. The variation however reduced also considerably towards saturation.
Experimental analysis of distinct design of a batch solar water heater with integrated collector storage system
Authors: Varghese Jaji , Awari Gajanan , Singh Mahendra
Published: January 2008

The performance of a new design of batch solar water heater has been studied. In this system, the collector and storage were installed in one unit. Unlike the conventional design consisting of small diameter water tubes, it has a single large diameter drum which serves the dual purpose of absorber tube and storage tank. In principle it is a compound parabolic collector. The drum is sized to have a storage capacity of 100 liter to serve a family of four persons. The tests were carried out with a single glass cover and two glass covers. The tests were repeated for several days. Performance analysis of the collector has revealed that it has maximum mean daily efficiency with two glass covers as high as 37.2%. The maximum water temperature in the storage tank of 60?C has been achieved for a clear day operation at an average solar beam radiation level of 680 W/m2 and ambient temperature of 32?C. To judge the operating characteristics and to synchronize utility pattern of the collector, the different parameters such as efficiency, mean plate temperature and mass flow rate has been investigated.
3-D CFD analysis on effect of hub-to-tip ratio on performance of impulse turbine for wave energy conversion
Authors: Thakker Ajit , Elhemry Mohammed
Published: January 2008

This paper deals with the computational fluid dynamics analysis on effect of hub-to-tip ratio on performance of 0.6 m impulse turbine for wave energy conversion. Experiments have been conducted on the 0.6 m impulse turbine with 0.6 hub-to-tip ratio to validate the present computational fluid dynamics method and to analyze the aerodynamics in rotor and guide vanes, which demonstrates the necessity to improve the blade and guide vanes shape. Computational fluid dynamics analysis has been made on impulse turbine with different hub-to-tip ratio for various flow coefficients. The present computational fluid dynamics model can predict the experimental values with reasonable degree of accuracy. It also showed that the downstream guide vanes make considerable total pressure drop thus reducing the performance of the turbine. The computational fluid dynamics results showed that at the designed flow coefficient of 1.0 the turbine with 0.5 hub-to-tip ratio has better performance compared to 0.55 and 0.6 hub-to-tip ratio turbine.
Pedagogical conditions for students’ personal and professional development at higher education institutions
Authors: Vladimirovich-Bfeloshitsky Aleksandr , Berezhnay-Fedorovna Irina
Published: January 2008

The development of higher vocational education in Russia today is oriented towards the process of harmonization of personal and professional development of students. The issue is focused on three different perspectives: pedagogical activity of lecturers in higher vocational institutions, psychological/pedagogical research, and the student?s professional and personal development. The goal to train highly-qualified specialists with versatile personalities at the institutions of higher education depends not only on the applied theoretic/methodological basis, but also on the knowledge of the student?s personality. The first step in the process of planning and realization of the above mentioned educational goal is to provide adequate pedagogical conditions, aimed towards establishing methodological and theoretical bases closer to practice, i.e. the study and implementation of pedagogical personality-oriented technology. This can contribute to the creation of innovative projects and programs for training highly-qualified specialists. Theoretical/methodological and practice-oriented pedagogical conditions are selected and described on the basis of a systematic analysis of the educational process. The essential aspects of these conditions lie in defining appropriate methods for the realization of the educational process for each particular situation. Such methods contribute to the actualization of the students? potentials and enable their self-realization. The presented principles for the development of a personality-oriented educational process are essential for enabling professional development of future specialists.
Focus groups: From collecting data to critical pedagogical practice
Authors: Pavlovic Jelena , Dzinovic Vladimir
Published: January 2008

This paper presents the positivist and constructivist theory and practice of focus groups. We pointed out to the paradigmatic differences in notional attributes of focus groups, as well as to the historic circumstances of their appearance. We analyzed the practice of focus groups in positivist and constructivist paradigm, through the combination of two interpretative frameworks. The fist level of analysis is Foucault?s genealogy which enables to observe the research as a social technology of disciplining and producing the discourse of subjectivity. Goffman?s metaphor of social interaction as a "scene" where the rituals of its maintenance and disturbance constantly take place is the second level of analysis of practice of focus groups. These two levels of analysis are the tool for understanding the complex relation between the way in which social practice of research is constituted and the knowledge it produces.
Rewarding and punishing children of different social behavior
Authors: Lalic-Vucetic Natasa , Spasenovic Vera
Published: January 2008

This paper discusses the actions of rewarding and punishing children of different social behavior. The application of rewarding and punishing demands knowing and fulfilling several conditions which enable their efficiency: the nature of reward and punishment, the way in which pupils receive them, the context in which rewarding and punishing takes place and the characteristics of the subject (age, gender, cognitive capacities, social behavior). It is familiar that teachers prefer pupils who are cooperative, socially responsible, prone to conforming to school rules, kind, friendly and polite, while teacher?s work can often be aggravated on the part of the pupils who are aggressive, asocial, socially irresponsible, disruptive or prone to deviant behavior. In order to accomplish the outcomes which want to be achieved by these procedures, in applying reward and punishment, it is necessary to figure out carefully the criteria of rewarding and punishing and adhere to them consistently, paying attention to the characteristics of social behavior of the pupils. A special chapter is devoted to the consideration of unjust reward and punishment as one of the phenomena present in the experience of a large number of children. The analyzed problems assume adequate preparation of teachers, that is, the knowledge about basic characteristics of upbringing procedures applied in working with pupils, and which will have as a result a more successful social behavior, a more positive attitude towards school and studying.