bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pioglitazone‐induced alterations of purine metabolism in healthy male subjects
Authors: Kang Jihyun , Li Yufei , Lee SeungHwan , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Cho Joo‐Youn
Published: May 2024

Pioglitazone is class of thiazolidinediones that activates peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) in adipocytes to improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity and has been used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms of associated pioglitazone‐induced effects remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate endogenous metabolite alterations associated with pioglitazone administration in healthy male subjects using an untargeted metabolomics approach. All subjects received 30 mg of pioglitazone once daily in the assigned sequence and period. Urine samples were collected before pioglitazone administration and for 24 h after 7 days of administration. A total of 1465 compounds were detected and filtered using a coefficient of variance below 30% and 108 metabolites were significantly altered upon pioglitazone administration via multivariate statistical analysis. Fourteen significant metabolites were identified using authentic standards and public libraries. Additionally, pathway analysis revealed that metabolites from purine and beta‐alanine metabolisms were significantly altered after pioglitazone administration. Further analysis of quantification of metabolites from purine metabolism, revealed that the xanthine/hypoxanthine and uric acid/xanthine ratios were significantly decreased at post‐dose. Pioglitazone‐dependent endogenous metabolites and metabolic ratio indicated the potential effect of pioglitazone on the activation of PPAR and fatty acid synthesis. Additional studies involving patients are required to validate these findings.
Adding mechanobiological cell features to finite element analysis of an immediately loaded dental implant
Authors: Martinello Poliana Alexandra , Cartagena‐Molina Andrés Felipe , Capelletti Lucas Kravchychyn , Fernandes Bruno Viezzer , Franco Ana Paula Gebert de Oliveira , Mercuri Emilio Graciliano Ferreira , Bombarda Nara Hellen Campanha
Published: May 2024

Finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to analyze the behavior of dental materials, mainly in implantology. However, FEA is a mechanical analysis and few studies have tried to simulate the biological characteristics of the healing process of loaded implants. This study used the rule of mixtures to simulate the biological healing process of immediate implants in an alveolus socket and bone‐implant junction interface through FEA. Three‐dimensional geometric models of the structures were obtained, and material properties were derived from the literature. The rule of mixtures was used to simulate the healing periods—immediate and early loading, in which the concentration of each cell type, based on in vivo studies, influenced the final elastic moduli. A 100 N occlusal load was simulated in axial and oblique directions. The models were evaluated for maximum and minimum principal strains, and the bone overload was assessed through Frost's mechanostat. There was a higher strain concentration in the healing regions and cortical bone tissue near the cervical portion. The bone overload was higher in the immediate load condition. The method used in this study may help to simulate the biological healing process and could be useful to relate FEA results to clinical practice.
Related barriers to using HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis among MSM: A multicentre cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Yang Xue , Zhang Guang , Kang Wenting , Guo Jiahuan , Liu An , Tang Houlin , Liu Tongtong , Sun Lijun
Published: May 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to gain insight into the barriers hindering the use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in five cities in China.

Methods

MSM were recruited via community‐based organizations in an online “snowball” manner. Participants completed the questionnaire anonymously and shared it with key MSM peers (seeds) in five cities in China. Based on the results of univariate analysis, we used a structural equation model to analyse the role of PrEP knowledge awareness, PrEP counselling, and other behavioural variables on PrEP use.

Results

The study collected a total of 4223 valid questionnaires, and 18.2% of participants reported PrEP use. The results of the standardized total effects showed that the following paths were statistically significant (p < 0.05): from the age of first sex with men to PrEP knowledge awareness (β = −0.113) and PrEP use (β = 0.042); from high‐risk sexual behaviour scores to PrEP counselling (β = 0.039) and PrEP use (β = 0.103); from the number of HIV tests in the last year to PrEP knowledge awareness (β = 0.034), PrEP counselling (β = 0.170), and PrEP use (β = 0.197); from the level of self‐perceived risk of HIV infection to PrEP counselling (β = −0.115); from PrEP knowledge awareness to PrEP use (β = −0.049); and from PrEP counselling to PrEP use (β = 0.420).

Conclusions

The proportion of PrEP use among MSM was relatively low. Age at first sex with men, number of HIV tests, high‐risk sexual behaviour, and PrEP counselling had a positive effect on PrEP use, whereas PrEP knowledge awareness had an inverse effect on PrEP use.
Indirect Discrimination and the Hospital Relocation Cases
Authors: Hutler Brian
Published: May 2024

This article develops a theory of indirect discrimination by analyzing a series of lawsuits that challenged hospital relocations in the 1970s. In these cases, civil rights groups argued that the relocation of hospitals from cities to suburbs was a form of racial discrimination. Although these lawsuits failed, I aim to support the plaintiffs' arguments that the hospital relocations were discriminatory. Drawing on three recent theories – those of Benjamin Eidelson, Deborah Hellman, and Sophia Moreau – I develop an account of indirect discrimination that is rooted in resource‐specific equality rights such as those found in international human rights law. Building on this account, I argue that the human right to health equity can explain why the hospital relocations were discriminatory.
Monitoring post‐spawning movement, habitat use, and survival of adult anadromous rainbow smelt using acoustic telemetry in a New Hampshire estuary
Authors: Pearson Chloe F. , Hammer Lars J. , Eberhardt Alyson L. , Kenter Linas W. , Berlinsky David L. , Costello Wellsley J. , Hermann Nathan T. , Caldwell Aliya , Burke Emily A. , Walther Benjamin D. , Furey Nathan B.
Published: May 2024

Anadromous rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax, [Mitchill 1814]) are found along the northeast Atlantic coastline of North America, with their range now limited to north of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. Although their anadromous life cycles are described broadly, gaps remain regarding how adult rainbow smelt use estuaries post‐spawning, including movement behaviors, habitats used, and specific timing of emigration to coastal waters. In spring 2021, we used acoustic telemetry to characterize movements during and after the spawning season of rainbow smelt captured in tributaries to Great Bay, New Hampshire, USA, a large estuarine system near the southern edge of their range. Forty‐four adult rainbow smelt (n = 35 male, n = 9 female) were tagged with Innovasea V5 180‐kHz transmitters and an array of 22,180 kHz VR2W receivers were deployed throughout Great Bay to detect movements of tagged fish from March to October 2021. Rainbow smelt were detected 14,186 times on acoustic telemetry receivers, with 41 (93%) of the tagged individuals being detected at least once post‐tagging. Individuals were detected moving between tributaries, revealing that rainbow smelt can use multiple rivers during the spawning season (March–April). Mark‐recapture Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber models estimated 83% (95% confidence interval 66%–92%) of rainbow smelt survived to the mainstem Piscataqua River, and a minimum of 50% (22 of 44) reached the seaward‐most receivers and were presumed to have survived emigration. Most individuals that survived remained in the estuary for multiple weeks (average = 19.47 ± 1.99 standard error days), displaying extended use of estuarine environments. Downstream movements occurred more frequently during ebb tides and upstream movements with flood tides, possibly a mechanism to reduce energy expenditures. Fish emigrated from the estuary by mid‐May to the coastal Gulf of Maine. Our results underscore that rainbow smelt need access to a variety of habitats, including multiple tributaries and high‐quality estuarine habitat, to complete their life cycle.
Emerging innovative pre‐ and post‐harvest management practices to mitigate patulin‐linked food safety risks in apple and its products
Authors: Singh Sukhvinder Pal , Sharma Rakesh , Suthar Priyanka , Thakur Monika
Published: May 2024

Patulin, a toxic secondary metabolite produced by certain molds (Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys), poses a significant health risk when present in apple juice products above permissible levels. Its presence is a major concern for both consumers and regulatory bodies due to its potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Minimizing patulin concentration in apple juice products requires a multifaceted approach involving various stages of apple fruit production, from orchard management to processing and storage. This review explores the pre‐ and postharvest strategies associated with minimizing patulin concentration in apple juice products. It examines the role of good agricultural practices in reducing mold contamination in orchards and discusses the importance of proper postharvest handling, including fruit sorting and washing to remove contaminated apples before processing. During processing, factors such as temperature, pH, and processing time play crucial roles in minimizing patulin levels. Innovative processing technologies, such as pulsed electric fields (PEF), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, high‐pressure processing, enzymatic, and chemical degradation have shown promise in reducing patulin concentration while preserving the sensory and nutritional quality of the juice. Furthermore, effective storage practices, such as maintaining proper temperature and humidity levels, are essential for preventing patulin formation during storage. Continuous monitoring and analytical testing for patulin content throughout the production chain are necessary to ensure compliance with regulatory standards and to guarantee the safety of apple juice products. Despite advancements in technology and production practices, challenges remain in effectively minimizing patulin concentration. These include the need for further research to develop more efficient detection methods, the adoption of sustainable and eco‐friendly practices in orchard management, and the dissemination of knowledge and best practices to stakeholders across the apple juice supply chain. In conclusion, minimizing patulin concentration in apple juice products requires a holistic approach that integrates preventive measures, innovative processing technologies, and stringent quality control measures. By addressing these challenges, the apple juice industry can ensure the production of safe and high‐quality products that meet regulatory standards and consumer expectations.
Correlative analysis of different treatments of persistent occipitotransverse position on the outcome for mother and infant
Authors: Lin Chunxia , Zhou Jun , Mao Shengyan , Tang Jia , Qiu Guangyin , Zheng Zhaoping , Wang Litao , Lin Jie
Published: May 2024

Objective

To explore the clinical feasibility of different treatment methods for persistent occipitotransverse position and the influence on maternal and infant complications.

Method

During the trial of vaginal delivery from April 2020 to March 2023 in our hospital, the cervix was fully dilated and the presentation was located at +2 station. Ninety‐six pregnant women with fetal presentation at +4 station, occipitotransverse fetal position, maternal complications, abnormalities in the second stage of labor, and or fetal distress were divided into two groups: 65 patients with Kielland forceps vaginal delivery and 31 patients underwent emergency cesarean section. The delivery time, vaginal laceration rate, postpartum blood loss volume, puerperal infection rate, neonatal birth injury rate, and neonatal 1 min Apgar scores were analyzed.

Results

The delivery outcomes and maternal and neonatal complications of 96 pregnant women were analyzed: the application of Kielland forceps delivery time was shorter, while the vaginal laceration rate, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infection rate were significantly lower than that of patients undergoing emergency cesarean section and the neonatal 1 min Apgar score was higher than that of emergency cesarean section group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

It was clinically appropriate to use Kielland forceps in vaginal delivery when the persistent occipitotransverse position was present and delivery needed to be expediated. Use of Kielland forceps can shorten the delivery time, improve the success rate of vaginal delivery and reduce the complications of mothers and infants.
OsMPK12 positively regulates rice blast resistance via OsEDC4‐mediated transcriptional regulation of immune‐related genes
Authors: Lu Ling , Zhang Jing , Zheng Xingxing , Xia Na , Diao Zhijuan , Wang Xun , Chen Zhiwei , Tang Dingzhong , Li Shengping
Published: May 2024

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascades are functionally important signalling modules in eukaryotes. Transcriptome reprogramming of immune‐related genes is a key process in plant immunity. Emerging evidence shows that plant MAPK cascade is associated with processing (P)‐body components and contributes to transcriptome reprogramming of immune‐related genes. However, it remains largely unknown how this process is regulated. Here, we show that OsMPK12, which is induced by Magnaporthe oryzae infection, positively regulates rice blast resistance. Further analysis revealed that OsMPK12 directly interacts with enhancer of mRNA decapping protein 4 (OsEDC4), a P‐body‐located protein, and recruits OsEDC4 to where OsMPK12 is enriched. Importantly, OsEDC4 directly interacts with two decapping complex members OsDCP1 and OsDCP2, indicating that OsEDC4 is a subunit of the mRNA decapping complex. Additionally, we found that OsEDC4 positively regulates rice blast resistance by regulating expression of immune‐related genes and maintaining proper mRNA levels of some negatively‐regulated genes. And OsMPK12 and OsEDC4 are also involved in rice growth and development regulation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that OsMPK12 positively regulates rice blast resistance via OsEDC4‐mediated mRNA decay of immune‐related genes, providing new insight into not only the new role of the MAPK signalling cascade, but also posttranscriptional regulation of immune‐related genes.
Adrenal insufficiency in pediatric kidney transplantation recipients
Authors: Chae Hyunwoong Harry , Ahmed Azim , Bone Jeffrey N. , Abdulhussein Fatema S. , Amed Shazhan , Patel Trisha , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D.
Published: May 2024

Background

Immunosuppression of pediatric kidney transplant (PKT) recipients often includes corticosteroids. Prolonged corticosteroid exposure has been associated with secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI); however, little is known about its impact on PKT recipients.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort review of PKT recipients to evaluate AI prevalence, risk factors, and adverse effects. AI risk was assessed using morning cortisol (MC) and diagnosis confirmed by an ACTH stimulation test. Potential risk factors and adverse effects were tested for associations with MC levels and AI diagnosis.

Results

Fifty‐one patients (60.8% male, age 7.4 (IQR 3.8, 13.1) years; 1 patient counted twice for repeat transplant) were included. Patients at risk for AI (MC < 240 nmol/L) underwent definitive ACTH stimulation testing, confirming AI in 13/51 (25.5%) patients. Identified risk factors for AI included current prednisone dosage (p = .001), 6‐month prednisone exposure (p = .02), daily prednisone administration (p = .002), and rejection episodes since transplant (p = .001). MC level (2.5 years (IQR 1.1, 5.1) post‐transplant) was associated with current prednisone dosage (p < .001), 6‐month prednisone exposure (p = .001), daily prednisone administration (p = .006), rejection episodes since transplant (p = .003), greater number of medications (β = −16.3, p < .001), 6‐month hospitalization days (β = −3.3, p = .013), creatinine variability (β = −2.4, p = .025), and occurrence of acute kidney injury (β = −70.6, p = .01).

Conclusion

Greater corticosteroid exposure was associated with a lower MC level and confirmatory diagnosis of AI noted with an ACTH stimulation test. Adverse clinical findings with AI included greater medical complexity and kidney function lability. These data support systematic clinical surveillance for AI in PKT recipients treated with corticosteroids.
Personal‐identity non‐cognitivism*
Authors: Miller Kristie
Published: May 2024

In this paper, I outline and defend a new approach to personal‐identity—personal‐identity non‐cognitivism—and argue that it has several advantages over its cognitivist rivals. On this view utterances of personal‐identity sentences express a non‐cognitive attitude towards relevant person‐stages. The resulting view offers a pleasingly nuanced picture of what we are doing when we utter such sentences.
E‐learning in transfusion medicine: An exploratory qualitative assessment
Authors: Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Jensen Kyle , So‐Osman Cynthia , Saxon Ben , Rahimi‐Levene Naomi , Das Soumya , Stanworth Simon J. , Lin Yulia
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives

E‐learning programmes are increasingly offered in transfusion medicine (TM) education. The aim of this study was to explore facilitators and barriers to TM e‐learning programmes, including assessment of learning outcomes and measures of effectiveness.

Materials and Methods

Participants selected from a prior survey and representing a diverse number of international e‐learning programmes were invited to participate. A mixed methodology was employed, combining a survey and individual semi‐structured one‐on‐one interviews. Interview data were analysed inductively to explore programme development, evaluation, and facilitators and barriers to implementation.

Results

Fourteen participants representing 13 institutions participated in the survey and 10 were interviewed. The e‐learning programmes have been in use for a variable duration between 5 and 16 years. Funding sources varied, including government and institutional support. Learner assessment methods varied and encompassed multiple‐choice‐questions (n = 12), direct observation (n = 4) and competency assessment (n = 4). Most regional and national blood collection agencies rely on user feedback and short‐term learning assessments to evaluate their programmes. Only one respondent indicated an attempt to correlate e‐learning with clinical practices. Factors that facilitated programme implementation included support from management and external audits to ensure compliance with regulatory educational and training requirements. Barriers to programme implementation included the allocation of staff time for in‐house development, enforcing compliance, keeping educational content up‐to‐date and gaining access to outcome data for educational providers.

Conclusion

There is evidence of considerable diversity in the evaluation of e‐learning programmes. Further work is needed to understand the ultimate impact of TM e‐learning on transfusion practices and patient outcomes.
Awareness of fish‐borne zoonoses and prevalence of Contracaecum in Oreochromis niloticus and Lates niloticus collected from Lake Chamo, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Authors: Kaba Tamirat , Shurbe Mesfin , Wondimu Abreham
Published: May 2024

Aim

Many fish species can harbour a wide range of pathogenic agents in their tissues. Of many pathogens, the parasitic nematode of genus Contracaecum, which resides in the tissues of fish species, can results in fish‐borne infections in humans. This study was planned to assess consumers' awareness of fish‐borne zoonoses in the fishing sites of Lake Chamo, Arba Minch, Ethiopia. The study was also aimed at demonstrating the zoonotic nematode, Contracaecum parasites in the Oreochromis niloticus and Lates niloticus fishes collected from Lake Chamo, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.

Methods and Results

Assessment of awareness about fish‐borne zoonoses was conducted in randomly selected participants (n = 162) using face‐to‐face interviews via a structured and semi‐structured questionnaire. Besides, 70 fishes (O. niloticus = 35 and L. niloticus = 35) were examined for the presence of larva of Contracaecum and other anisakid genera through standard dissection, pepsin‐hydrochloric acid digestion and microscopic observation. Consumers have inadequate awareness about fish‐borne zoonoses based on the answers they provided to the questions. The majority of respondents (82%) consume raw fish in the area. Of these, a significantly higher proportion were male (p < 0.001), completed their elementary or high school (p = 0.004), Orthodox Christian (p = 0.044), fishermen (p < 0.001) and participants without previous information about fish‐borne zoonoses (p < 0.001). Overall, of examined fishes (n = 70), n = 15 (21.4%, 95% CI, 12.8–33.2) were infected with Contracaecum larva. A significant (p = 0.028) higher infection prevalence was noted in L. niloticus (34.3%, 95% CI, 19.7–52.3) compared to O. niloticus (8.6%, 95% CI, 2.2–24.2). A unit gram addition in the total weight of fish would significantly raise the risk of Contracaecum infection by 1% (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The presence of Contracaecum, a zoonotic nematode in the fishes, which are often preferred by consumers for raw dishes, designates a high risk of possible fish‐borne infections in the area. Thus, providing education and training for fishermen, visitors of the area, and local people who visit the area for fish consumption, it is inevitably important to minimize the risk. Furthermore, health workers should suspect fish‐borne infections, such as anisakidosis in patients who have a history of raw fish consumption in Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Epidemiological study of hepatitis E virus infection among students and workers in Hebei Province of China
Authors: Liu Huan , Geng Kunjing , Wang Chunyan , Shi Tengfei , Zhang Hongxin , Zhao Chenyan , Geng Yansheng
Published: May 2024

Aims

Hepatitis E caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent worldwide. In China, considerable shifts in the epidemiology of hepatitis E have been observed over the last two decades, with ongoing changes in the prevalence of HEV.

Methods

This study, in conjunction with the health examinations for students and workers, aims to estimate the seroprevalence and assess the risk factors of HEV infection in general population in Hebei province, China. Epidemiological information was collected using a specific questionnaire and blood samples were collected from each participant during the process of health examination. Anti‐HEV IgG and IgM in sera were tested using the Wantai ELISA assay kits. Logistic regression modelling was used to identify associated risk factors.

Results

The average positive rate of anti‐HEV IgG in students (6–25 years) was 3.4%. One (0.2%) student was anti‐HEV IgM positive, while also testing positive for IgG. The HEV seroprevalence was not related to students' gender, school, or family residence. In occupational populations, the overall seropositivity rate was 13.3% for anti‐HEV IgG and 0.67% for IgM. HEV seropositivity increased significantly with age, ranging from 3.8% to 18.6% in age groups, and differed significantly among four occupation groups: farmers (17.6%), food supply workers (18.0%), other non‐farm workers (14.7%) and healthcare workers (5.9%) (p = 0.002). Multivariable logistic analysis confirmed the significant correlations of seroprevalence with age and occupation.

Conclusions

The study found a low seroprevalence of HEV in children and young adults in Hebei Province, China. Advanced age correlates with higher seroprevalence in occupational populations, indicating an accumulation of HEV infection over time. Seroprevalence varied significantly among different occupation groups, suggesting the important role of occupational exposure for HEV infection.
Towards Smart Cities: Digital Content and Urban Governance in the City of Masvingo, Zimbabwe
Authors: Chigwenya Average , Wadzanai Phainos
Published: May 2024

The urban society of today has grown to be a more sophisticated society because of the various sub-systems that exist in the city. This has made the management of urban areas that uses traditional ways to become more daunting. It has been further complicated by the rapid urbanization that has also been experienced in many of the cities today. These problems can be tackled effectively by adopting the smart city concept of urban management where technology is integrated into the way cities do their businesses. The research aimed to examine how technology has been adopted in urban planning and management in the City of Masvingo and how these technologies, or lack of them, have been affecting the governance of the city. The research used a mixed-methods approach to inquiry, where both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to gather data. A questionnaire survey was used as the quantitative tool of data collection and in-depth interviews and field observations were the qualitative methods used to collect qualitative data. The questionnaire was administered to collect information on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the city and how it was aiding the governance of the city. In-depth interviews were done with the leaders of planning organizations in the city and they provided information on the use of ICTs, and how they are helping in the planning and governance of the city. The research found out that, the city has not yet made any significant progress in the adoption of ICTs in urban planning. It is therefore, recommended that planners should be trained to use ICTs and the private sector should be involved in financing the development of infrastructure and networks for digital and e-planning in the city. On top of that, the government needs to play a leading role in promoting the digitization of the planning process.
The Role of Service Digitalisation in Realty Business during Pandemic from the Perspective of Real Estate Agency in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Abu Bakar Nur Azaliah , Yaacob Ariffikri
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 has caused unprecedented disruption over the last few months, hitting the world with a vengeance in the middle of March. As COVID-19's effects are felt worldwide, the real estate industry is also affected by the rapid spread of coronavirus affecting global real estate investment as travel, face-to-face meetings and property viewing are restricted. Hence, this caused significant disruption in the business transaction of real estate agencies, including in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper aims to understand how Service Digitalisation solution able to sustain the real estate agency business during this pandemic. This study adopted a Business Model Innovation Model as the foundation. This study selected a case study of real estate agency in Klang Valley, Malaysia and a series of interview sessions were conducted with the principle and the agents. The data were then analysed based on a thematics analysis method. Finding reveals that there are five quick actions taken by this agency in digitalising their real estate services and management process in sustaining their business. These include the in-house development of real estate agency management system and websites, the utilisation of various social media application as a marketing platform, the development of own video content which is localised to Malaysian market segment, the usage of Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) and finally the series of digital competency and capability training given to their registered real estate agent in coping the business disruption, especially during MCO period. Significantly, COVID-19 has expedited this digitalisation process, and it is proven that only the quick adapter in this real estate business will be able to survive in this new norm. Therefore we strongly urged the realty business to quickly embrace the service digitalisation to the whole business operation to remain relevant and sustainable.
Applications of Drone Technology in the Management of Disaster and Risk Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic in the Built Environment: The Nigerian Experience
Authors: Wahab Akeem Bolaji
Published: May 2024

The world has of recent being faced by the effects and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and it has had major tolls on the conditions of living, the live expectancy of building occupants, and thus affecting their expected contributions to the national economy. To provide adequate services and measures to fight the pandemic, various institutional measures are evolving daily across the globe. Amidst the measures initiated by both governmental and non-governmental formations are the provisions of medical services and the decontamination of infected buildings and areas occupied by people in order to fight the pandemic amongst the populace. However, the inability to plan, remoteness, and accessibility challenges of buildings and settlements in major parts of the country has made the delivery of relief materials, fumigation of buildings, and the rendering of other services associated with the management of both disaster and risk linked to the COVID-19 difficult. This paper, therefore, focuses on the emerging intervention initiated by an Imperial Majesty in Nigeria, the Ooni of Ile-Ife, Osun State through the adoption and supply of drones to states across the country to decontaminate likely contaminated or uncontaminated buildings and settlements occupied by people. Given the enormous benefits derivable from the adoption of the use of drone technology in the management of disaster-related issues in the built environment in the country, this paper recommends that its use should be vigorously deepened, being an emerging intervention or device through appropriate institutional supports to complement efforts of stakeholders in making the country’s built environment safe and healthy for all.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Real Estate Transaction in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Oyedeji Joseph Oyewale
Published: May 2024

Global lockdown of all economic activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic have a consequential impact on all aspects of the economy including real estate. This assertion necessitates the need to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on real estate transactions in Nigeria commercial capital. This study assessed real estate transactions in Lagos during COVID-19 pandemic. The specific objectives of the study were: to examine real estate supply, demand and real estate transaction sale and rental value in the study area. Also, the study examined rate of real estate transactions and problems of real estate transactions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study populations for the study are the Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in the study area. Data were gathered through questionnaires administered to the respondents. Data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as: frequency distribution table, relative importance index and ranking. Findings from the study revealed that warehouses (industrial properties) are the class of property that is most readily available for occupation and demand with indexes (RII) of 4.184 and 4.382 respectively. Warehouses have the highest sale and rental value during this period with a RII of 4.204 and 4.211 respectively. Majority of the respondents (77.632%) revealed that real estate transactions were relatively static in comparison to the period before the pandemic. The most predominant real estate transaction problem in the study area is bank transaction related problem with a RII of 4.211. Recommendations were made on how to alleviate the identified problems in time of similar pandemic in the future.
The Philippines’ Balik Probinsya, Bagong Pag-asa Initiative and the Real Estate Development Sector during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Some Policy Morals
Authors: Correa Leonard Nevin V. , Abueg Luisito C.
Published: May 2024

The Philippine government attempts to mitigate economic setbacks of the COVID-19 pandemic, as the country has been included in the top 20 countries with highest infections worldwide and the highest in Southeast Asia, already at 300,000 level. The lockdown of 198 days as of 1 October 2020 contributed to the continued dismal performance of the Philippine economy, which is now officially in recession at -16.5% preliminary growth rate reported in the second quarter of 2020, worse than the recession during the Asian Financial Crisis. Given these adverse effects to the economy, this paper studies the role of the real estate development sector to serve as a catalyst in providing new sources of value-added to the macroeconomy under the “new normal”. Using the lens of institutional economics with tenets of economic history, this paper attempts to investigate the feasibility of reviving an old program of the Philippines to decongest city centers, particularly the National Capital Region. Under the initiative “Balik Probinsya, Bagong Pag-asa” (translation: “Return to the Provinces, with New Hope”; shorthand, BP2), the national government primarily aims to decongest the region to aid in distancing protocols warranted by the COVID-19 pandemic. While it is important for a multi-sectoral approach to this initiative, economic opportunities aligned with health protocols must be placed so as not to defeat the program objectives. We suggest ways of effective collaboration and cooperation between various real estate industry stakeholders to ensure success and sustain development through this re-lived initiative. We also cite particular cases of township models that have been implemented and are continuously developed that will emulate the multi-sectoral approach to this program. A policy framework for the real estate development sector of the Philippines is provided to highlight the importance of its role and potential contributions to this initiative.
Breaking down barriers to bariatric care: a qualitative study on how telemedicine could transform patient experiences in a Swiss monocentric setting
Authors: Poljo Adisa , Tynes Deborah M , Timper Katharina , Süsstrunk Julian , Kraljević Marko , Peterli Ralph , Billeter Adrian T , Müller-Stich Beat P , Klasen Jennifer M
Published: May 2024

Objective

Telemedicine is becoming an increasingly feasible option for patients with chronic diseases due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness and ease of access. While there are certain limitations, the benefits can be appreciated by those seeking repetitive care. The perception of telemedicine as an alternative to recurrent, in-person appointments for patients with obesity in structured bariatric programmes is still unclear. This content analysis’ primary endpoint was to explore how patients within our bariatric programme perceived telemedicine and virtual consultations as a new way of communication during COVID-19.

Design

A qualitative study using semistructured interviews and qualitative content analysis method by Elo and Kyngäs following four steps: data familiarisation, coding and categorising with Quirkos software and final interpretation guided by developed categories.

Setting

University Hospital, Switzerland.

Participants

We conducted 33 interviews with 19 patients from a structured bariatric programme.

Results

Most patients shared positive experiences, acknowledging the convenience and accessibility of virtual appointments. Others voiced concerns, especially regarding telemedicine’s limitations. These reservations centred around the lack of physical examinations, difficulties in fostering connections with healthcare providers, as well as barriers stemming from language and technology. The research identified a spectrum of patient preferences in relation to telemedicine versus in-person visits, shaped by the immediacy of their concerns and their availability.

Conclusion

While telemedicine is increasingly accepted by the public and provides accessible and cost-effective options for routine follow-up appointments, there are still obstacles to overcome, such as a lack of physical examination and technological limitations. However, integrating virtual alternatives, like phone or video consultations, into routine bariatric follow-ups could improve continuity and revolutionise bariatric care.
Pedestrian safety on the road to net zero: cross-sectional study of collisions with electric and hybrid-electric cars in Great Britain
Authors: Edwards Phil J , Moore Siobhan , Higgins Craig
Published: May 2024

Background

Plans to phase out fossil fuel-powered internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and to replace these with electric and hybrid-electric (E-HE) vehicles represent a historic step to reduce air pollution and address the climate emergency. However, there are concerns that E-HE cars are more hazardous to pedestrians, due to being quieter. We investigated and compared injury risks to pedestrians from E-HE and ICE cars in urban and rural environments.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of pedestrians injured by cars or taxis in Great Britain. We estimated casualty rates per 100 million miles of travel by E-HE and ICE vehicles. Numerators (pedestrians) were extracted from STATS19 datasets. Denominators (car travel) were estimated by multiplying average annual mileage (using National Travel Survey datasets) by numbers of vehicles. We used Poisson regression to investigate modifying effects of environments where collisions occurred.

Results

During 2013–2017, casualty rates per 100 million miles were 5.16 (95% CI 4.92 to 5.42) for E-HE vehicles and 2.40 (95%CI 2.38 to 2.41) for ICE vehicles, indicating that collisions were twice as likely (RR 2.15; 95% CI 2.05 to 2.26) with E-HE vehicles. Poisson regression found no evidence that E-HE vehicles were more dangerous in rural environments (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.11); but strong evidence that E-HE vehicles were three times more dangerous than ICE vehicles in urban environments (RR 2.97; 95% CI 2.41 to 3.7). Sensitivity analyses of missing data support main findings.

Conclusion

E-HE cars pose greater risk to pedestrians than ICE cars in urban environments. This risk must be mitigated as governments phase out petrol and diesel cars.
Polyphase formation of a Neoarchean auriferous fault zone network in the Michipicoten greenstone belt, southern Superior craton
Authors: Ma Chong , Lafrance Bruno , Montreuil Jean-François
Published: May 2024

Correlating structurally distinctive fault zones for understanding an unknown deformation system at the regional scale remains a challenge for understanding orogenic evolution and gold endowment. The current study deals with this challenge in the southern Michipicoten greenstone belt (MGB) of the Superior craton focusing on a Neoarchean auriferous fault zone network. Three deformation events associated with episodic gold mineralization are revealed in the ca. 2745 Ma host granitoid: (1) northwest‒southeast shortening recorded by the subvertical Grace and Minto B fault zones and locally the inclined Jubilee and Hornblende fault zones; (2) top-to-north northeast strike–slip to oblique faulting indicated primarily by the dominant structures of the Jubilee and Hornblende fault zones; and (3) top-to-northeast extension demonstrated by the northeast-dipping Parkhill #4 and Cooper fault zones. Fault zone lithologies and mineral assemblages suggest that the localization of deformation for the formation of these fault zones was controlled by rheological heterogeneities and syn-deformation fluids. The first and second events are correlated with two shortening events in a gold-endowed, structurally, and kinematically distinctive deformation zone of the northern MGB. This correlation based on deformation processes suggests a larger footprint of gold mineralization associated with a regional deformation in the MGB and has implications for investigating structural evolution of orogens and orogenic gold mineralization in general.
Robust design of a two-stage composite sliding mode controller for enhanced performance in large-scale systems
Authors: Williams Hnnie , Musmade Bhausaheb B. , Shinde Jitendrakumar Namdeo
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces an innovative composite sliding mode control strategy tailored for large-scale system, specifically tackling the intricate task of formulating a sliding mode control law for singularly perturbed systems. This paper delineates the development of a composite controller by dissecting it into subsystem controllers for both ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ subsystems, exploring its effectiveness in managing matched bounded external disturbances within the context of large-scale system. While sliding mode control proves to be a robust solution for handling uncertainty and disturbances, its inherent complexity and discontinuous characteristics pose significant challenges in crafting designs suitable for singularly perturbed systems.
Optimizing luminescent properties of ZnO: Er3+ through temperature and dopant variation: XRD and emission spectroscopy studies
Authors: Yeh Min Yen , Dong Zhen-Cheng , Liao Ssu-Han , Chang Shun Hsyung
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on optimizing the synthesis conditions for the luminescent properties of ZnO:Er3[Formula: see text], a key step toward improving its applicability in optoelectronics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns at [Formula: see text]C with Er3[Formula: see text] dopant concentrations (1, 3 and 5[Formula: see text]wt.%) show the preservation of the crystalline phase of ZnO, indicating that the dopants did not affect the structural integrity. Luminescence properties were observed in ZnO with 1[Formula: see text]wt.% erbium doping at 900–[Formula: see text]C, with the sample at [Formula: see text]C exhibiting the highest emission peak at 533[Formula: see text]nm. The optimal conditions for significant luminescence were identified at [Formula: see text]C, with 5[Formula: see text]wt.% Er3[Formula: see text] showing the most pronounced effect. The practical implications of the achievement of optimal luminescence in ZnO:Er3[Formula: see text] are profound for optoelectronics. These conditions are critical for efficient light-emitting devices, particularly in applications such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers, where emission characteristics have a direct impact on performance. In addition, the enhanced luminescence holds great promise for sensors, especially in biomedical and environmental monitoring, as well as in quantum technologies. It contributes to the advancement of quantum sensors and quantum computing applications. This research provides a basis for tailoring the properties of ZnO:Er3[Formula: see text] for specific applications by identifying optimal luminescence conditions at different dopant concentrations. While the identification of optimal conditions has been successful, further research is essential to unravel the underlying mechanisms at the atomic and molecular levels. Overcoming these challenges and exploring additional applications will be critical to realizing the practical impact of these findings in various technological fields, as the study paves the way for advances in optoelectronics, sensing, and quantum information processing.
Metal-organic decomposed lanthanum cerium oxide thin films: A study of chemical and surface properties
Authors: Patil Sumit , Torawane Deepashri , Mahajan Ashok , Cheong Kuan Yew
Published: May 2024

Lanthanum cerium oxide thin films have been deposited on n-type (100) silicon wafers using the spin coating technique. The post-deposition annealing was performed over spin-coated films. The compositional studies were conducted by performing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Ellipsometry was used to determine the thickness and atomic force microscopy was performed to understand the surface morphology of the deposited thin films. The effect of rapid thermal annealing at different temperatures over the structural and chemical properties of the LaCeO2 thin films was observed. The FTIR spectra show the formation of silicates at the interface of the oxide and semiconductor, while XRD results show that the films become crystalline with increased annealing temperature. The refractive index was observed to be reduced with an increase in the annealing temperature and a minor reduction in the physical thickness as per the sample standard deviation of 0.2981[Formula: see text]nm.
Acceleration characteristics of hot electrons resulted from magnetic reconnection process driven by double-beam intense laser pulses in near critical density plasmas
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhou Ping , Song Haiying , Zhang Wei , Hu Qianglin , Zhang Wenlong , Liao Chuanjun , Liu Shibing
Published: May 2024

In this work, we investigated the magnetic annihilation and reconnection and the resulted hot electron acceleration driven by double-beam intense laser pulses in two-layer near critical density (NCD) plasma target. The results are obtained by performing two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. It is found that a quasi-mono-energetic peak can be formed in the energy spectrum of electrons accelerated by the process of magnetic field annihilation (MA) at cutoff energy. Electron spectra feature depends on the length of the second low-density layer. This suggests that the process of relativistic magnetic annihilation may be controlled in experiments by target design.
Ultrasonically Assembled 0-D Zirconium Oxide on TiO2 Nanorod for a Sensitive Determination of Antibiotic Drug in Biological Samples
Authors: Vincent John Antony Jasmine , Alagarsamy Saranvignesh , Chen Tse-Wei , Chen Shen-Ming , Muthumariappan Akilarasan , Liou Wen-Chin , Ullah Riaz , Al-onazi Wedad A. , S. Elshikh Mohamed , Yu Jaysan
Published: May 2024

Biological, food, and water samples were used to determine the amount of Furazolidone (FUZ) in a variety of applications, including health and nutrition, diagnosis/treatment, pharmacological research, and food/drug quality monitoring. Using hydrothermal and ultrasonication strategies, new type of TiO2 (1D) and ZrO2 (0D) (TiO2/ZrO2) nanocomposites were prepared for FUZ determination. Then the prepared nanocomposite was characterization under X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet visible spectroscopy, and the electrochemical property of the material was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In addition, detection of FUZ was analyzed by electroanalytical studies such as CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). This proposed TiO2/ZrO2/GCE sensor exhibits excellent electrochemical characteristics, including excellent linearity (0.01–537.22 μM), nanomolar detection limit (19 nM), and encouraging sensitivity (0.35 μA μM−1cm−2) and it shows greater selectivity, repeatability, and longer storage stability. Along with concerned realizability, the primed sensor was analyzed over biological samples that reveal good recovery in real samples.
Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Urine Creatinine Using Cobalt-Gold Bimetallic Nanoparticles
Authors: R. Meera , P. K. Neena , Pradeep Aarathi , G. Nair Bipin , Punathil Vasu Suneesh , Satheesh Babu T. G.
Published: May 2024

This work presents the development of a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for creatinine in a neutral medium using a cobalt-gold bimetallic nanoparticles modified platinum electrode. The voltammetric detection of creatinine in a neutral phosphate buffer was based on the formation of a soluble cobalt-creatinine complex. The sensor exhibited good selectivity and a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 2.25 mM with two linear ranges from 6.4 to 83.2 mM. The sensitivity of the sensor was 0.621 and 1.135 μA mM−1 cm−2 at lower (6.4–51.2 mM) and higher (51.2–83.2 mM) detection ranges, respectively. The sensor performance was validated using urine samples and creatinine spiked urine samples.