bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a group‐based exercise and relaxation rehabilitation program during hospitalization for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Camacho Pérez Encarna , Mayo Samantha , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Chang Eugene , De Souza Lyndsey , Santa Mina Daniel
Published: February 2022

Background

Exercise and relaxation interventions have demonstrated benefits in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo‐HSCT) patients; however, little is known about the implementation enablers and barriers for inpatient rehabilitation or its impact on health outcomes.

Objective

To conduct a program evaluation of group‐based rehabilitation consisting of exercise and relaxation classes for allo‐HSCT inpatients.

Design

Prospective program evaluation using the RE‐AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework.

Setting

Inpatient hospital unit at a tertiary care center.

Participants

Forty‐five adult patients admitted for allo‐HSCT.

Interventions

Standard of care rehabilitation.

Main Outcome Measures

Program attendance, safety, satisfaction, and fidelity were assessed. Exploratory effectiveness analyses were conducted via the measurement of physical, psychosocial, clinical, and health resource use outcomes at hospital admission and discharge.

Results

Forty‐seven of the 63 patients receiving allo‐HSCT between November 2019 and March 2020 were consented. Data presented in this publication are from the 33 participants who completed study assessments (high attrition due to cancellation of research during the COVID‐19 pandemic). Eighty‐two percent of participants attended at least one class; however, 55% of the participants invited to the classes on a daily basis were not able to attend. Barriers to participation included transplant complications, isolation for infection prevention, and fatigue. There were no adverse events associated with the intervention and 82% of participants adhered to the prescribed activities. Participants reported satisfaction with the program and enjoyed the motivational support and social interaction. Between hospital admission and discharge, anxiety scores improved; however, fatigue, depression, grip strength, functional mobility, and quality of life scores declined. Physical activity volume and lower body strength were maintained.

Conclusions

Group‐based exercise and relaxation classes seem to be feasible and safe during hospitalization for allo‐HSCT; however, there are pragmatic barriers to be considered for optimal program implementation. Further research examining program effectiveness and adoption is warranted.
On the mechanism of the Au(I)‐mediated addition of alkynes to anthranils to furnish 7‐acylindoles
Authors: Stylianakis Ioannis , Litinas Iraklis , Nieto Faza Olalla , Kolocouris Antonios , Silva López Carlos
Published: February 2022

Indole is a very common structural motif in alkaloids with a remarkable history in pharma industry. In the continuous search for more direct and efficient access to these valuable structures, a new and rather elegant approach was found by Jin and coworkers, which involved a gold(I)‐mediated addition of alkynes onto anthralins. This approach selectively furnishes 7‐acylindoles in a rather expeditious way, and it has been shown to be compatible with a large range of decorated reactants, both at the alkyne side and at the anthralin side. We studied the mechanism of this reaction with a set of different alkynes, including disubstituted ones, to establish similarities and differences between them and to aid in the elucidation of key steps in the reaction pathway. The observed regioselectivity seems to be connected to the irreversible formation of a key α‐imino gold carbene intermediate, common to all reaction profiles, through the initial regioselective nucleophilic attack of the anthranil N atom onto the alkyne fragment.
Silver Recovery from Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell by Alkaline Chemical Immersion and Pyrolysis
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liu Huan , Wen Lilan , Qu Shiyu , Mo Libin , Diao Hongwei , Wang Wenjing
Published: February 2022

As a typical kind of high‐efficiency crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cell, amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell is stepping into mass production currently. It is of great significance to recover Ag from unqualified, broken, and end‐of‐life (EoL) SHJ solar cells. Herein, a facile method including alkaline chemical immersion and pyrolysis is developed. By immersing the solar cell into a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution for a period of time, Ag electrodes can be peeled off effectively. The increase of the concentration (C
s) and the temperature (T
s) of the NaOH solution shortens the peeling‐off time (t
p) of the electrodes. It is deduced that the heated alkaline environment can accelerate the ester hydrolysis of the cured resin at the contact interface between Ag electrode and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, which weakens the bonding strength of the Ag electrode. After cleaning, drying, and milling, the peeled‐off Ag electrodes are pyrolyzed in the air at 500 °C for 60 min to remove the cured resin completely. As a result, Ag powder is obtained with high purity over 99% and almost without mass loss since it is not involved in any chemical reaction during the whole recovery process.
Monitoring multistage multivariate therapeutic processes using risk‐adjusted model‐based group multivariate EWMA control chart
Authors: Rasouli Mohammad , Noorossana Rassoul , Samimi Yaser
Published: February 2022

There exist multitude of therapeutic processes and the results are commonly observed during various dependent steps. For studying such processes that are referred to as multistage therapeutic processes, two concepts are of particular importance; risk adjustment and cascade property. To monitor such processes, a variety of control charts including model‐based control charts are used. In order to design model‐based control charts, analysts must first recognize a suitable model to identify the multistage processes by considering process risks and cascade property. Based on the identified model, the control charts can be proposed. In this study, a risk‐adjusted time‐variant linear state space model is introduced. Afterward, the model order and its parameters are estimated based on Hankel singular value decomposition (HSVD) and prediction error minimization (PEM) methods. Then, the group multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (GMEWMA) control chart is used to monitor a multistage multivariate therapeutic process. To evaluate the performance of the model‐based control chart, a simulation study as well as a two‐stage thyroid cancer surgery was used. Results show that the proposed control chart performs well for predicting and monitoring of multistage multivariate therapeutic processes in real world.
Adaptive neural network control for visual docking of an autonomous underwater vehicle using command filtered backstepping
Authors: Zhang Yuanxu , Gao Jian , Chen Yimin , Bian Chenyi , Zhang Fubin , Liang Qingwei
Published: February 2022

This article proposes an unscented Kalman filter‐based visual docking controller for underactuated underwater vehicles using a position‐based visual servoing (PBVS) approach. The relative pose of an underwater vehicle with respect to a moving docking station is estimated by an unscented Kalman filter with the visual measurements of multiple point features installed on the station. Based on the estimated pose, the Euler angles commands are designed via an integral cross‐tracking docking method to drive the underwater vehicle to move along the desired docking path. Then, an adaptive neural network (NN) controller is designed to track the desired yaw and pitch angles using command filtered backstepping, in which a single‐hidden‐layer (SHL) neural network is employed to compensate for dynamic uncertainties and external disturbances. A barrier Lyapunov function is defined to improve the stability of tracking errors under attitude constraints to ensure the features are in the field of view, and hyperbolic tangent functions are utilized to deal with input saturation. Simulation studies and pool experiments are provided to demonstrate the performances of the proposed visual docking controller.
The value of the homeland: Land in Duhok, Kurdistan‐Iraq, as territory, resource, and landscape
Authors: Lange Katharina
Published: February 2022

Drawing from fieldwork in Kurdistan's Duhok Province between 2013 and 2018, this article scrutinizes the notion of “homeland” through a focus on three ways in which land is valued—as territory, resource, and landscape. Territory, control, and sovereignty over land are claimed in the name of an ethnically defined national whole, yet when approaching land as resource and landscape, we see fissures and cracks that nationalist rhetoric obscures. In each of these, spatial and temporal horizons intersect, while the different temporal scales also imply different social actors: those with local roots may invest in land, while outsiders cannot acquire property; those who seek to make a living from agriculture resent policies that privilege extractive industries. The tensions between these dimensions emerge in contestations over who is at home in this land and how they should inhabit and engage with it properly, as extractivist and speculative usages are both desired and uneasily judged to be at odds with more productive or sustainable practices.
Effects of post‐deposition annealing on chemical composition of SiNx film in SiO2/SiNx/SiO2/Si stacked structure
Authors: Sakata Tomohiro , Ogawa Shingo , Inoue Keiko , Shimizu Yumiko , Tanahashi Yusaku
Published: February 2022

To systematically evaluate the quality of SiNx films in multi‐stacked structures, we investigated the effects of post‐deposition annealing (PDA) on the film properties of SiNx within the SiO2/SiNx/SiO2/Si stacked structure by performing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray reflectivity (XRR), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscope–electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM‐EELS) analyses. The XPS results showed that PDA induces the oxidation of the SiNx layer. In particular, new finding is that Si‐rich SiNx in the SiNx layer is preferentially oxidized by PDA even in multi‐stacked structure. The XRR results showed that the SiNx layer becomes thinner, whereas the interface layer between the SiNx layer and Si becomes thicker. It is concluded by STEM‐EELS and XPS that this interface layer is SiON layer. The density of N–H and Si–H bonding within the stacked structure strongly depends on the PDA temperature. Our study helps elucidate the properties of SiNx films in stacked structures from various perspectives.
Controllable Simultaneous Bifacial Cu‐Plating for High‐Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Han Can , Yang Guangtao , Procel Paul , O'Connor Daragh , Zhao Yifeng , Gopalakrishnan Anirudh , Zhang Xiaodan , Zeman Miro , Mazzarella Luana , Isabella Olindo
Published: February 2022

Bifacial (BF) copper‐plated crystalline silicon solar cell is an attractive topic to concurrently reduce silver consumption and maintain good device performance. However, it is still challenging to realize a high aspect ratio (AR) of the metal fingers. Herein, a new type of hybrid‐shaped Cu finger is electromagnetically fabricated in a BF plating process. Cyclic voltammetry is employed to disclose the electrochemical behaviors of cupric ions in monofacial and simultaneous BF Cu‐plating processes, such that the controllability of the plating process could be assessed. The optimal hybrid Cu finger is composed of a rectangular bottom part and a round top part, such that an utmost effective AR value of 1.73 is reached. In BF Cu‐plating, two sub‐three‐electrode electrochemical cells are employed to realize equal metal finger heights on both sides of the wafer. Compared to our low thermal‐budget screen‐printing metallization, the Cu‐plated silicon heterojunction devices show both optical and electrical advantages (based on lab‐scale tests). The champion BF Cu‐plated device shows a front‐side efficiency of 22.1% and a bifaciality factor of 0.99.
Inhibiting Ion Migration by Guanidinium Cation Doping for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Operational Stability
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Hao Lianzheng , Liu Dachang , Sun Xiuhong , Zhao Qiangqiang , Shao Zhipeng , Chen Chen , Wang Xiao , Wang Li , Cui Guanglei , Pang Shuping
Published: February 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) develop great potential to make photovoltaic power generation systems more cost‐effective due to the high power conversion efficiency (PCE), low material cost, and easy fabrication. Alloyed A‐site cations surrounded by PbI6 octahedra play decisive roles in the crystal structure, bandgap, and phase stability, as well as ion migration. Herein, based on the temperature‐dependent ion conductivity measurement, the activation energy for iodide ion migration is systematically studied with different proportions of guanidinium cation (GA+) substitution. It is found that partial GA+ doping could effectively suppress iodide ion migration. The triple‐cation perovskite (MA0.8FA0.1GA0.1PbI3) PSCs achieve a PCE of 22.17% with superior operational stability maintaining 90% of their initial efficiency after 1200 h under continuous light soaking. Furthermore, it is extended to mini perovskite solar modules, 14 cm2 active area, and achieves a PCE of 19.18%.
High‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection method to evaluate the migration of di(2‐ethylhexyl) terephthalate and its metabolite from polyvinyl chloride bag in four labile blood products
Authors: Thelliez Aurélie , Descat Amandine , Bouchot Pauline , Kouach Mostafa , Goossens Jean‐François , Decaudin Bertrand , Lecoeur Marie
Published: February 2022

A liquid chromatography with UV detection method has been developed and validated for the quantitation of di(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate, a blood bag plasticizer, and its monoester metabolite, mono(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate, in the four labile blood products: whole blood, red cells concentrate, plasma and platelet concentrate. Quantitation thresholds were compared with those obtained using the more conventional tandem mass spectrometry detection and revealed that UV performed better than mass spectrometry for the quantitation of di(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate.

Liquid‐liquid extraction was selected for sample preparation. Recoveries ranged from 101 to 106 and from 80 to 83%, for di(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate and mono(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate, respectively, depending on the labile blood product. Repeatability and intermediate precision expressed as relative standard deviation were lower than 20% at the lower limit of quantitation and ranged from 1.9 to 11.2% for the other concentration levels. Regarding the trueness, bias ranged from ‐13.6 to 11.8%. The method was validated considering a total error of ± 20%. Lower limits of quantitation ranged from 500 to 680 nM for di(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate and were equal to 500 nM for mono(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate. Migration of di(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate from polyvinyl chloride blood bags was investigated and mono(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate concentrations were determined in each labile blood product.
Water sources sensitivity: The impacts of forests loss from human activities
Authors: Sweya Lukuba N. , Bumarwa Rashid N. , Igunda Minza Selele
Published: February 2022

Proper forest management focusing on water resources is crucial for supplying good‐quality freshwater and protecting water sources. However, forests are declining due to urbanization, income generation, and agriculture triggering a potential worry for the sustainability of the water sources. The current study assesses the sensitivity of the water resources in Morogoro, Tanzania through historical forest cover losses. The river discharge and water quality trends are used to complement the assessment and discussions. Forest cover losses are analyzed based on the Sustainable Development Goals’ scale for permanent deforestation. The forest cover loss is increasing linearly and consistently to the discharge trends. Fecal contamination suggests the existence of human settlements in the catchments and that the forests are being invaded. The increasing levels of turbidity indicate that stormwater flows through bare soils carrying foreign materials towards the water sources. The findings create awareness amongst water resources stakeholders regarding the impacts of forest loss on the water supply systems in Morogoro and contribute to an approach for water resources sensitivity assessment that would be applied in other water supply systems.
Corpus callosum abnormality in a puppy with hypernatraemia
Authors: Cridge Harry , Zoto Alyssa , Milne Marjorie E. , Burkland Erica
Published: February 2022

A 3‐month‐old, female, entire, mixed breed dog presented for a 1‐day history of ataxia and a 7‐day history of gastrointestinal upset. Neurologic examination revealed dull mentation, head pressing and bruxism. The dog had generalised coarse tremors during ambulation and cervical ventroflexion. Cranial nerve examination, postural reactions and myotatic reflexes were normal. The dog was markedly hypernatraemic at 202 mmol/L (139–151 mmol/L) and was assessed to be non‐hypervolaemic. The dog received custom fluids, and once stabilised, underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed agenesis of the rostral portion and hypoplasia of the caudal portion of the corpus callosum. Absence of the septum pellucidum and a cortical development abnormality were noted with fusion of the ventral portion of the frontal lobes and malformation of the cingulate gyrus. Cerebrospinal fluid revealed an elevated total protein with a mild lymphocytic and macrophagic pleocytosis. The dog responded well to increased dietary moisture.
Synthesis, characterization, and application of α‐Fe2O3@TiO2@SO3H photo‐Fenton catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of biologically pre‐treated wood industry wastewater
Authors: Azimi Seyyedeh Cobra , Shirini Farhad , Pendashteh Alireza
Published: February 2022

The efficiency of removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity from wood wastewater was investigated using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the photo‐Fenton process. A total of 94.78% of COD reduction and 99.9% of turbidity removal were observed under optimum conditions of SBR, which consisted of an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.453 kg COD m−3 day−1, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) of 4564 mg L−1, and cycle time of 48 h. A magnetic α‐Fe2O3@TiO2@SO3H nanocatalyst was prepared as a heterogeneous Fenton reagent. The Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and elemental mapping (MAP) analyses were performed to determine the structure and morphology of synthesized photocatalyst. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process based on a central composite design (CCD). The maximum photocatalytic degradation of 87.54% and COD reduction of 83.35% were achieved at a dosage of 0.6 g L−1 of catalyst, 30 mg L−1 of H2O2, and pH of 3.5 for 45 min. The results indicated that a combination of the SBR process and α‐Fe2O3@TiO2@SO3H could be used as an effective method for the treatment of wood wastewater.

Practitioner Points

A combination of the SBR and photo‐Fenton process was introduced as an impressive method for wood industry wastewater treatment.

The efficiencies of COD, BOD5, NO3‐N, PO4‐P, and color removal were obtained according to the standard limits in Iran.

To our knowledge, this study is the first report of the use of synthesized α‐Fe2O3@TiO2@SO3H photocatalyst for the wood industry wastewater treatment.
Dancing with Lava: Indigenous Interactions with an Active Volcano in Arizona
Authors: Van Vlack Kathleen
Published: February 2022

The Little Springs Lava Flow is the remnant of an active volcano located in northern Arizona. Southern Paiutes and the scientific community dispute about the Paiute response to this eruption. Paiutes stipulate that this volcano is a ceremonial landscape where religious leaders physically interacted during eruption and subsequently built a series of trails for ceremony. This interpretation contrasts with that of the scientific community, who maintain that volcanoes are dangerous to humans, and therefore Paiutes would have left in fear during the eruption. This chapter explains this debate and how Paiutes are challenging the scientists in order to communicate their environmental heritage.
Quark-gluon backscattering in the Regge limit at one-loop
Authors: Bhattacharya Arindam , Manohar Aneesh V. , Schwartz Matthew D.
Published: February 2022

Abstract

At small momentum transfer, the quark-gluon scattering cross section dσ/dt has a power-law divergence in the backward scattering region where the outgoing quark is nearly collinear to the incoming gluon. In this Regge limit |t| ≪ s, the leading behavior of the 2 → 2 amplitude can be described by the exchange of Glauber quarks. In Soft-Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) at leading power, Glauber quark exchange is given by five non-local Glauber quark operators, of which only one is generated at tree-level. We show that at leading power the QCD amplitude for quark-gluon backscattering at one-loop can be exactly reproduced by SCET using the tree-level Glauber operator. The agreement between QCD and SCET of the ultraviolet, infrared, and rapidity divergences as well as all logarithms, Glauber phases and finite parts for all polarizations of the external gluons is a strong check on the effective theory. We find that the entire one-loop matching vanishes — there is no correction to the operator generated at tree-level, and the coefficients of the other four operators remain zero at one-loop. This suggests that SCET with Glauber operators may be useful for uncovering new aspects of Regge physics in a systematically improvable way.
Sewing spacetime with Lorentzian threads: complexity and the emergence of time in quantum gravity
Authors: Pedraza Juan F. , Russo Andrea , Svesko Andrew , Weller-Davies Zachary
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Holographic entanglement entropy was recently recast in terms of Riemannian flows or ‘bit threads’. We consider the Lorentzian analog to reformulate the ‘complexity=volume’ conjecture using Lorentzian flows — timelike vector fields whose minimum flux through a boundary subregion is equal to the volume of the homologous maximal bulk Cauchy slice. By the nesting of Lorentzian flows, holographic complexity is shown to obey a number of properties. Particularly, the rate of complexity is bounded below by conditional complexity, describing a multi-step optimization with intermediate and final target states. We provide multiple explicit geometric realizations of Lorentzian flows in AdS backgrounds, including their time-dependence and behavior near the singularity in a black hole interior. Conceptually, discretized flows are interpreted as Lorentzian threads or ‘gatelines’. Upon selecting a reference state, complexity thence counts the minimum number of gatelines needed to prepare a target state described by a tensor network discretizing the maximal volume slice, matching its quantum information theoretic definition. We point out that suboptimal tensor networks are important to fully characterize the state, leading us to propose a refined notion of complexity as an ensemble average. The bulk symplectic potential provides a specific ‘canonical’ thread configuration characterizing perturbations around arbitrary CFT states. Consistency of this solution requires the bulk satisfy the linearized Einstein’s equations, which are shown to be equivalent to the holographic first law of complexity, thereby advocating for a principle of ‘spacetime complexity’. Lastly, we argue Lorentzian threads provide a notion of emergent time. This article is an expanded and detailed version of [1], including several new results.
On-shell Z boson production at hadron colliders through 𝒪(ααs)
Authors: Bonciani Roberto , Buccioni Federico , Rana Narayan , Vicini Alessandro
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The analytical expressions of the mixed QCD-EW corrections to on-shell Z boson inclusive production cross section at hadron colliders are presented, together with computational details. The results are given in terms of polylogarithmic functions and elliptic integrals. The impact on the prediction of the Z boson production total cross section is discussed, comparing different proton parton density sets.
Reconstructing Pérez Piñero’s Anoeta Velodrome
Authors: del Blanco García Federico Luis
Published: February 2022

The 1972 dome to cover the Anoeta Velodrome is the product of the experiences up to that date of the architects Emilio Pérez Piñero and Félix Candela, specialists, respectively, in the design of deployable reticular structures and thin concrete shells using hyperbolic paraboloids. It is a very relevant project in the careers of both architects, as the Anoeta dome was Pérez Piñero’s last project, and also the last of the domes in which Candela participated since 1965. Pérez Piñero’s death in 1972 marked the end of a phase in Candela’s life. This paper describes the virtual reconstruction of a variation of the project and analyses its geometry, based on the subdivision of the sphere into polygons onto which hyperbolic paraboloids were then inserted. New documentation is provided which offers context for the evolution of Candela’s work, linking this project to his previous major work: the Palacio de los Deportes built for the 1968 Mexico Olympics.
The diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for anterior cruciate ligament tears are comparable but the Lachman test has been previously overestimated: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sokal Pawel A. , Norris Richard , Maddox Thomas W. , Oldershaw Rachel A.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for anterior cruciate ligament injury has been reported in previous systematic reviews. Numerous studies in these reviews include subjects with additional knee ligament injury, which could affect the sensitivity of the tests. Meta-analyses have also been performed using methods that do not account for the non-independence of sensitivity and specificity, potentially overestimating diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study was to report the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for anterior cruciate ligament tears (partial and complete) without concomitant knee ligament injury.

Methods

A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses included studies reporting the specificity and/or sensitivity of tests with or without concomitant meniscal injury. Where possible, pooled diagnostic estimates were calculated with bivariate random-effects modelling to determine the most accurate effect sizes. Diagnostic accuracy values are presented for the anterior drawer, Lachman, Lever sign and pivot shift tests overall and in acute or post-acute presentations.

Results

Pooled estimates using a bivariate model for overall sensitivity and specificity respectively were as follows: anterior drawer test 83% [95% CI, 77–88] and 85% [95% CI, 64–95]; Lachman test 81% [95% CI, 73–87] and 85% [95% CI, 73–92]; pivot shift test 55% [95% CI, 47–62] and 94% [95% CI, 88–97]; Lever sign test 83% [95% CI, 68–92] and 91% [95% CI, 83–95]. For specific presentations, the sensitivity and specificity of the Lachman test, respectively, were: complete tears 68% [95% CI, 54–79] and 79% [95% CI, 51–93]; post-acute injuries 70% [95% CI, 57–80] and 77% [95% CI, 53–91].

Conclusions

The pivot shift and Lever sign were the best tests overall for ruling in or ruling out an anterior cruciate ligament tear, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the Lachman test, particularly in post-acute presentations and for complete tears, is lower than previously reported. Further research is required to establish more accurate estimates for the Lachman test in acute presentations and partial ligament tears using bivariate analysis.

Level of evidence

III.
Laser pre-structure-assisted micro-milling of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy
Authors: Hojati Faramarz , Azarhoushang Bahman , Daneshi Amir , Biermann Dirk
Published: February 2022

High flexibility of the micro-milling process compared to nontraditional methods has led to its growing application in manufacturing complex micro-parts with tight tolerances and high accuracies. However, difficulties such as tool deflection, size effect, and tool wear limit the application of micro-milling. In this regard, the role of laser-assisted machining (LAM) is highlighted to prevent mentioned issues through reduction of machining forces and providing the possibility for using higher feeds. Ti6Al4V as a hard-to-machine material is chosen as the workpiece material. Unlike traditional LAM, Ti6Al4V parts were structured using a picosecond laser before micro-milling. The influence of laser structuring at different structure densities on the reduction of machining forces was analyzed at two feeds of 10 and 50 µm/tooth at a constant cutting speed of 35 m/min. A remarkable reduction in cutting forces was observed at both feeds. Additionally, the role of structure density in cutting force reduction is highlighted.
Bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma: heterogenous tumor response to radioactive Iodine therapy and overall survival
Authors: Jannin Arnaud , Lamartina Livia , Moutarde Coralie , Djennaoui Mehdi , Lion George , Chevalier Benjamin , Vantyghem Marie Christine , Deschamps Frédéric , Hadoux Julien , Baudin Eric , Schlumberger Martin , Leboulleux Sophie , Do Cao Christine
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Bone metastases (BM) from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) impact negatively the quality of life and the life expectancy of patients. The aim of the study was (a) to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors of OS and (b) to assess predictive factors of complete BM response (C-BM-R) using radioiodine treatment (RAI) either alone or in association with focal treatment modalities.

Methods

A total of 178 consecutive DTC patients harbouring BM, treated between 1989 and 2015, were enrolled in this retrospective study conducted in two tertiary referral centers. OS analysis was performed for the whole cohort, and only the 145 considered non-RAI refractory patients at BM diagnosis were evaluated for C-BM-R following RAI.

Results

The median OS from BM diagnosis was 57 months (IQR: 24–93). In multivariate analysis, OS was significantly reduced in the case of T4 stage, 18FDG uptake by the BM and RAI refractory status. Among the 145 DTC considered non-RAI refractory patients at BM diagnosis, 46 patients (31.7%) achieved a C-BM-R following RAI treatment, either alone in 32 (18%) patients or in association with focal BM treatment modalities in 14. The absence of extra-skeletal distant metastasis and of 18FDG uptake in BM were predictive for C-BM-R.

Conclusions

In nearly one-third of DTC patients with RAI avid BM, RAI alone or in combination with BM focal treatment can induce C-BM-R. The presence of 18FDG uptake in BM is associated with an absence of C-BM-R and with a poor OS. 18FDG PET-CT should be performed when BM is suspected.
Private Function Evaluation with Cards
Authors: Koch Alexander , Walzer Stefan
Published: February 2022

Card-based protocols allow to evaluate an arbitrary fixed Boolean function $$f$$
f
on a hidden input to obtain a hidden output, without the executer learning anything about either of the two (e.g., [12]). We explore the case where $$f$$
f
implements a universal function, i.e., $$f$$
f
is given the encoding $$\langle P \rangle$$

⟨
P
⟩

of a program $$P$$
P
and an input $$x$$
x
and computes $$f(\langle P \rangle , x) = P(x)$$

f
(
⟨
P
⟩
,
x
)
=
P
(
x
)

. More concretely, we consider universal circuits, Turing machines, RAM machines, and branching programs, giving secure and conceptually simple card-based protocols in each case. We argue that card-based cryptography can be performed in a setting that is only very weakly interactive, which we call the “surveillance” model. Here, when Alice executes a protocol on the cards, the only task of Bob is to watch that Alice does not illegitimately turn over cards and that she shuffles in a way that nobody knows anything about the total permutation applied to the cards. We believe that because of this very limited interaction, our results can be called program obfuscation. As a tool, we develop a useful sub-protocol $${{\mathrm{\mathsf {sort}}}}_{\varPi }{X} {\uparrow } Y$$

sort
Π

X
↑
Y

that couples the two equal-length sequences $$X, Y$$

X
,
Y

and jointly and obliviously permutes them with the permutation $$\pi \in \varPi$$

π
∈
Π

that lexicographically minimizes $${\pi }(X)$$

π
(
X
)

. We argue that this generalizes ideas present in many existing card-based protocols. In fact, AND, XOR, bit copy [37], coupled rotation shuffles [30] and the “permutation division” protocol of [22] can all be expressed as “coupled sort protocols”.
Estimation methods for stationary Gegenbauer processes
Authors: Hunt Richard , Peiris Shelton , Weber Neville
Published: February 2022

This paper reviews alternative methods for estimation for stationary Gegenbauer processes specifically, as distinct from the more general long memory models. A short set of Monte Carlo simulations is used to compare the accuracy of these methods. The conclusion found is that a Bayesian technique results in the highest accuracy. The paper is completed with an examination of the SILSO Sunspot Number series as collated by the Royal Observatory of Belgium.
Big volcano science: needs and perspectives
Authors: Papale Paolo , Garg Deepak
Published: February 2022

Volcano science has been deeply developing during last decades, from a branch of descriptive natural sciences to a highly multi-disciplinary, technologically advanced, quantitative sector of the geosciences. While the progress has been continuous and substantial, the volcanological community still lacks big scientific endeavors comparable in size and objectives to many that characterize other scientific fields. Examples include large infrastructures such as the LHC in Geneva for sub-atomic particle physics or the Hubble telescope for astrophysics, as well as deeply coordinated, highly funded, decadal projects such as the Human Genome Project for life sciences. Here we argue that a similar big science approach will increasingly concern volcano science, and briefly describe three examples of developments in volcanology requiring such an approach, and that we believe will characterize the current decade (2020–2030): the Krafla Magma Testbed initiative; the development of a Global Volcano Simulator; and the emerging relevance of big data in volcano science.
Creative DNA computing: splicing systems for music composition
Authors: De Prisco Roberto , Zaccagnino Rocco
Published: February 2022

Splicing systems are a form of DNA computing as they mimic the recombination process among DNA molecules. This work discusses the use of splicing systems to build automatic tools for reproducing human beings’ creativity, in the context of automatic music composition. More specifically, this work describes three general splicing system approaches for automatic music composition, and their application to two specific cases, namely composing 4-voice music and composing Jazz solos in a given style. Examples of music composed by the systems are presented.
Design and evaluation of 5G-based architecture supporting data-driven digital twins updating and matching in seismic monitoring
Authors: Gattulli Vincenzo , Franchi Fabio , Graziosi Fabio , Marotta Andrea , Rinaldi Claudia , Potenza Francesco , Sabatino Umberto Di
Published: February 2022

Digital Twins (DT) models are gaining special attention in the management and maintenance of facilities. The quality of data contained in these models may be enhanced by the use of processed information coming from long-term Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). In this case real time processing and updating in systems using sensor networks for SHM need low latency and reliable communication. This paper presents a solution for exploiting DT models for SHM and early warning solutions improvement. The case study scenario resides within the 5G experimentation in the city of L’Aquila and it exploits a highly adaptable sensor board and a 5G Multi-Access Edge Computing architecture.
Declining readability of research on biological invasions over two decades
Authors: Hulme Philip E. , Mclaren-Swift Hazel
Published: February 2022

To prevent and effectively manage the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of invasive non-native species it is essential that the underpinning scientific knowledge is widely disseminated and understood by scientists, the public, and other stakeholders. A key need for the public understanding of science is that technical information is easy to read and interpret. Unfortunately, this is not the case for research addressing biological invasions. Detailed analysis of the readability of research abstracts published over two decades in the leading international journal Biological Invasions revealed that texts were very difficult to read and had become less readable over time. Abstracts were pitched at readers with graduate-level literacy, much higher than the average reading-level of the general public. Authors from countries where English was an official language generated the most complex text. However, the abstracts from authors based in countries where English was not an official language have shown a marked increase in complexity since 2001. This reflected a trend for increasing numbers of words per sentence and more syllables per word and was not related to the increase in numbers of authors of an article. Complex abstracts attracted more citations suggesting scientific peers may be more persuaded by a technically challenging abstract pitched towards a readership with high literacy. Urgent action is required to remedy this problem. Ensuring authors and editors review the readability of the work they publish is a first step but more formal mechanisms such as using structured abstracts and the provision of additional succinct plain-language summaries will more effectively address this problem in the future.
Imagery Rescripting for Reducing Body Image Dissatisfaction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ghaderi Ata , Welch Elisabeth , Zha Cecilia , Holmes Emily A.
Published: February 2022

Background

Brief, innovative, mechanistically-driven psychological treatments for body dissatisfaction are needed. We aimed to explore the occurrence of body-related mental images among females reporting a subjective sense of body dissatisfaction (study 1), and to investigate the potential efficacy of a single session of imagery rescripting (ImRS) to reduce body dissatisfaction (Study 2: pilot; Study 3 randomized controlled trial).

Methods and Results

In study 1 (n = 31), participants reported occurrence of both positive and negative body-related mental imagery. Frequency of body-related mental imagery and negative valence of such images were significantly related to body dissatisfaction. The pilot trial (n = 63) indicated feasibility, whereby ImRS of a distressing body-related mental image significantly reduced the believability, vividness, negative affect and distress of the image within-session and one-week post-session versus an active placebo condition (Expressive writing about body related thoughts and emotions). However, ImRS did not result in significant changes in body dissatisfaction. Study 3 was a randomized controlled trial (n = 113) with 3 conditions—ImRS, Expressive writing, and wait-list control. ImRS resulted in a significant reduction of vividness, controllability and negative affect caused by the image compared to Expressive writing condition, after the intervention. However, there were no significant reductions in body dissatisfaction from baseline to 1-week assessment, nor in post-hoc analyses at the 1-month follow-up. Findings suggest that a single session of imagery rescripting seems to alleviate the negative properties of the image (i.e., has proximal effects as hypothesized in our mechanistic account), but does not bring about a significant change in body dissatisfaction (i.e., transfer downstream to more distal effects).

Conclusions

Given some promising effects of ImRS on negative body-related emotions, but lack of a downstream effect on body dissatisfaction itself, further investigation of the format, dose and focus of ImRS in this context is warranted.
Stories 'with the Characters Reversed': Children's Opinions of Feminist Children's Stories in Early Education
Authors: Martínez-García Lindsay , Rodríguez-Álvarez Marcos , Virgós Sánchez Marta
Published: February 2022

The study presented investigates the understanding of feminist literature by preschool children in a Spanish school. To carry out the research, semi-structured interviews with 65 students were performed, in order to discuss the story,The Paper Bag Princess. The data analysis was conducted under a poststructuralist lens, using the cultural matrix of gender as a tool for analysis. This document collects the results obtained from the following categories of analysis: emphasis on female beauty, discourse of romantic love, comparison with traditional stories (category maintenance work) and alternative discourses of femininity. The findings of the study indicate that boys and girls use two different strategies when coming in contact with feminist tales: comparing the feminist story to the, hitherto, considered ‘correct’ or natural order and correcting every element that challenged the structures of the cultural matrix.
Using data calibration to reconcile outputs from different survey methods in long-term or large-scale studies
Authors: Jones Christopher S. , Duncan David H. , Morris William K. , Robinson Doug , Vesk Peter A.
Published: February 2022

Understanding the impact of management interventions on the environment over decadal and longer timeframes is urgently required. Longitudinal or large-scale studies with consistent methods are best practice, but more commonly, small datasets with differing methods are used to achieve larger coverage. Changes in methods and interpretation affect our ability to understand data trends through time or across space, so an ability to understand and adjust for such discrepancies between datasets is important for applied ecologists. Calibration or double sampling is the key to unlocking the value from disparate datasets, allowing us to account for the differences between datasets while acknowledging the uncertainties. We use a case study of livestock grazing impacts on riparian vegetation in southeastern Australia to develop a flexible and powerful approach to this problem. Using double sampling, we estimated changes in vegetation attributes over a 12-year period using a pseudo-quantitative visual method as the starting point, and the same technique plus point-intercept survey for the second round. The disparate nature of the datasets produced uncertain estimates of change over time, but accounting for this uncertainty explicitly is precisely the objective and highlights the need to look more closely at this very common problem in environmental management, as well as the potential benefits of the double sampling approach.
An analysis of design strategies for circular economy through life cycle assessment
Authors: Spreafico Christian
Published: February 2022

The goal of pursuing the circular economy (CE) is spreading more and more in industry, also driven by the introduction of new regulations, considerably affecting product design. However, a quantitative and rigorous evaluation of the environmental impacts of the results obtained by different design strategies used to implementing CE is missing in the literature. Those available only evaluate certain aspects of the life cycle of few products, belonging to specific application fields, in a qualitative way or they refer only to the global warming potential. This study provides a quantitative assessment of the environmental impacts reductions arising from the application of some common design strategies for implementing different CE options (e.g. reuse, waste to energy, remanufacturing), by using some standard indicators. The results were obtained by manually analysing 156 selected case studies of comparative life cycle assessment (LCA), extracted from 136 scientific articles. In them, the environmental impacts of design solutions for CE are compared with those of other solutions were wastes are not exploited. The obtained results have been used to evaluate the different design strategies for CE and to hierarchize them based on environmental sustainability of the solutions associated with them. In addition, an economic evaluation of the strategies, based on the life cycle costing methodology and exploiting the data available in the same articles, was also provided. Among the main achievements, it was found that the hierarchy of the CE options, pursued by the design strategies, to improve environmental sustainability is different from that provided by other studies. In addition, the environmental benefits associated with the different CE options strictly depend by the applied design strategies and the considered products.

Graphical abstract
A Tale of Integration? The Migrant Wealth Gap in Austria
Authors: Muckenhuber Mattias , Rehm Miriam , Schnetzer Matthias
Published: February 2022

We investigate how previous generations of migrants and their children integrated into Austrian society, as measured by their wealth ownership. Using individual-level data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), we document (1) a positive average migrant wealth gap between migrants and natives—that is, migrants owning less wealth than natives, especially in the upper half of the distribution, (2) substantial within-group inequality for migrants, and (3) evidence for catch-up, since second-generation migrants are much more similar to natives in terms of wealth and socio-economic characteristics than first-generation migrants. Using a RIF regression, we confirm an economically significant migrant wealth gap for first-generation migrants after controlling for socio-economic characteristics especially for the upper middle of the distribution, where housing wealth is a particularly relevant asset category. Second-generation migrants’ wealth gap is fully explained by our covariates in the middle of the distribution, whereas at the top where business wealth is more salient, their characteristics predict them to have higher wealth than natives. Decomposing the partial effects of covariates suggests that inheritances have the highest explanatory power for the migrant wealth gap of both first- and second-generation migrants, further buttressing the case for progressive integration in terms of wealth, while the composition of the migrant population, and in particular migrants’ heritage may continue to play a role in their wealth ownership.
A GRASP algorithm with Tabu Search improvement for solving the maximum intersection of k-subsets problem
Authors: Casado Alejandra , Pérez-Peló Sergio , Sánchez-Oro Jesús , Duarte Abraham
Published: February 2022

The selection of individuals with similar characteristics from a given population have always been a matter of interest in several scientific areas: data privacy, genetics, art, among others. This work is focused on the maximum intersection of k-subsets problem (kMIS). This problem tries to find a subset of k individuals with the maximum number of features in common from a given population and a set of relevant features. The research presents a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) where the local improvement is replaced by a complete Tabu Search metaheuristic with the aim of further improving the quality of the obtained solutions. Additionally, a novel representation of the solution is considered to reduce the computational effort. The experimental comparison carefully analyzes the contribution of each part of the algorithm to the final results as well as performs a thorough comparison with the state-of-the-art method. Results, supported by non-parametric statistical tests, confirms the superiority of the proposal.