bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portable ultrasound devices for obstetric care in resource-constrained environments: mapping the landscape
Authors: Ranger Bryan J. , Bradburn Elizabeth , Chen Qingchao , Kim Micah , Noble J. Alison , Papageorghiou Aris T.
Published: October 2024

Background The WHO’s recommendations on antenatal care underscore the need for ultrasound assessment during pregnancy. Given that maternal and perinatal mortality remains unacceptably high in underserved regions, these guidelines are imperative for achieving better outcomes. In recent years, portable ultrasound devices have become increasingly popular in resource-constrained environments due to their cost-effectiveness, useability, and adoptability in resource-constrained settings. This desk review presents the capabilities and costs of currently available portable ultrasound devices, and is meant to serve as a resource for clinicians and researchers in the imaging community. Methods A list of ideal technical features for portable ultrasound devices was developed in consultation with subject matter experts (SMEs). Features included image acquisition modes, cost, portability, compatibility, connectivity, data storage and security, and regulatory certification status. Information on each of the devices was collected from publicly available information, input from SMEs and/or discussions with company representatives. Results 14 devices were identified and included in this review. The output is meant to provide objective information on ideal technical features for available ultrasound systems to researchers and clinicians working in obstetric ultrasound in low-resource settings. No product endorsements are provided. Conclusions This desk review provides an overview of the landscape of low-cost portable ultrasound probes for use in obstetrics in resource-constrained environments, and provides a description of key capabilities and costs for each. Methods could be applied to mapping the landscape of portable ultrasound devices for other clinical applications, or may be extended to reviewing other types of healthcare technologies. Further studies are recommended to evaluate portable ultrasound devices for usability and durability in global field settings.
The genome sequence of Hoary Whitlowgrass, Draba incana L.
Authors: Ruhsam Markus ,   Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Draba incana (Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Brassicales; Brassicaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 667.80 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 16 chromosomal pseudomolecules, supporting the specimen being an allotetraploid (2n = 32). The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies have lengths of 283.08 kilobases and 153.57 kilobases, respectively.
The genome sequence of a woodlouse fly, Melanophora roralis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Mitchell Ryan , Sivell Olga ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female woodlouse fly, Melanophora roralis (Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Rhinophoridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 565.10 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.9%) is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 19.44 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 20,321 protein-coding genes.
The genome sequence of a braconid wasp, Zele albiditarsus Curtis, 1832
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Broad Gavin R. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from a female braconid wasp, Zele albiditarsus (Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Braconidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 137.70 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.98%) is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 23.96 kilobases in length.
Automated Volatility Forecasting
Authors: Li Sophia Zhengzi , Tang Yushan
Published: October 2024

We develop an automated system to forecast volatility by leveraging more than 100 features and five machine learning algorithms. Considering the universe of S&P 100 stocks, our system results in superior out-of-sample volatility forecasts compared with existing risk models across forecast horizons. We further demonstrate that our system remains robust to different specifications and is scalable to a broader S&P 500 stock universe via hyperparameter transfer learning. Finally, the statistical improvement in volatility forecasts translates into significant annual returns from a cross-sectional variance risk premium strategy.

This paper was accepted by Lin William Cong, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01520 .
The Choice Overload Effect in Online Recommender Systems
Authors: Long Xiaoyang , Sun Jiankun , Dai Hengchen , Zhang Dennis , Zhang Jianfeng , Chen Yujie , Hu Haoyuan , Zhao Binqiang
Published: October 2024

Problem definition: Online retailing platforms are increasingly relying on personalized recommender systems to help guide consumer choice. An important but understudied question in such settings is how many products to include in a recommendation set. In this work, we study how the number of recommended products influences consumers’ search and purchase behavior in an online personalized recommender system within a retargeting setting. Methodology/results: Via a field experiment involving 1.6 million consumers on an online retailing platform, we causally demonstrate that consumers’ likelihood of purchasing any product from the recommendation set first increases then decreases as the number of recommended products increases. Importantly, as much as 64% of the decrease in purchase probability (i.e., the choice overload effect) can be attributed to a decrease in consumers’ likelihood of starting a search (i.e., clicking on any recommended product). We discuss the possible behavioral mechanisms driving these results and analyze how these effects could be heterogeneous across different product categories, price ranges, and timing. Managerial implications: This work presents real-world experimental evidence for the choice overload effect in online retailing platforms, highlights the important role of consumer search behavior in driving this effect, and sheds light on when and how limiting the number of options in a recommender system may be beneficial to online retailers.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0659 .
Iatrogenic haemothorax: a life-threatening complication following a 12Fg Seldinger intercostal drain insertion for pneumothorax
Authors: Amini Sylvia , Meghjee Salim , Khan Muhammad Rahim
Published: October 2024

A man in his 30s with no previous medical history presented to the emergency department with acute dyspnoea. His chest X-ray (CXR) showed a massive left-sided pneumothorax, and a 12Fg post-intercostal drain (ICD) was inserted. Twenty-four hours later there was evidence of blood in the drain, and he had a significant haemoglobin drop of 44 g/l in only one day. His vital signs were stable. A CXR and an urgent computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large haemothorax therefore he was transferred to the tertiary thoracic centre, where he was taken to theatre and had a thoracoscopy and evacuation of a blood clot. Follow-up two weeks later showed complete resolution of the haemopneumothorax. This case report highlights the rare complication of a massive iatrogenic haemothorax. This was despite all the safety precautions including normal coagulation and platelet count, the patient not being on any anti-coagulant drugs and an ICD approach via the triangle of safety for insertion of the small-bore tube. In the case of iatrogenic haemothorax, urgent resuscitation and surgical treatment are needed as this is a life-threatening situation.
Rectosigmoid Endometriosis Causing Large Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Dharmavaram Sridhar , Unnam Sudhakar , Joacquim Moses Amarjothi
Published: October 2024

Large bowel obstruction is most commonly due to colorectal carcinoma, diverticular disease or volvulus. Rare causes of large bowel obstruction like endometriosis may occur in premenopausal women and diagnosis of large bowel endometriosis can be challenging to confirm preoperatively. Hence, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for rare causes of large bowel obstruction like endometriosis. This may require complete surgical resection of the involved bowel to eliminate the risk of local recurrence.
Ideas y acciones en torno al aborto que emprendieron personas con embarazos en la adolescencia en Ciudad de México
Authors: Pérez Baleón Fabiola , Vargas Elena Montserrat
Published: October 2024

Se profundiza en el conocimiento sobre las ideas que en torno al aborto y a la Interrupción Legal del Embarazo (ILE), tienen tanto mujeres como hombres, residentes de la ciudad de México o de su área metropolitana, que viven un embarazo en la adolescencia. Se explora si consideraron alguna vez interrumpir su embarazo, ya sea en su primera o en alguna de sus subsecuentes gestas; las acciones que efectuaron y el resultado que obtuvieron. Se ahonda en el papel que el varón juega tanto en la ocurrencia del embarazo como en las decisiones que toman para continuar con el embarazo o para detenerlo. 
Las y los entrevistados pueden llegar a visualizar al aborto como una solución ante un embarazo no deseado o no planeado; sin embargo, ello no implica que finalmente lo efectúen, ya que no necesariamente saben en qué consiste el aborto y la ILE. Tampoco saben a quién acudir para informarse y recibir orientación científica y servicios médicos apegados a la ley. En tanto que la familia juega un papel importante para conminarles a continuar con su embarazo y, en la medida de lo posible, a formar una familia y una pareja conyugal. Los ultrasonidos practicados les ayudan a visualizar al ser en gestación como un bebé, terminando por aceptando su embarazo, por lo que de la ideación del aborto a la acción hay una gran diferencia que no suele pasar de un simple pensamiento.
A tale of two hills. Cacus son of Vulcan and the pre-history of Tara and Rome
Authors: Theuerkauf Marie-Luise
Published: October 2024

abstract: This paper examines a line in a poem shared between Lebor gabála Érenn and Dindṡenchas Érenn . I argue that the poem draws a connection between the prehistory of Tara and the early history of Rome by alluding to events related in Book viii of Virgil's Aeneid .
Seanóir cuilg cairt an Bhúrcaigh (ca. 1550)
Authors: Darwin Gregory R.
Published: October 2024

abstract: This poem was composed to Richard de Burgh, second Earl of Clanrickarde, most likely on the occasion of his inauguration in 1550. The apologue of the poem, which recounts the adventures of Hercules in the Island of the Purple Sheep, is drawn from Stair Ercuil ocus a bás , a late fifteenth-century adaptation by Uilleam Mac an Leagha of either Raoul Lefèvre's Le recoeil des histoires de Troyes or William Caxton's English translation, The recuyell of the historyes of Troye . The apologue was previously edited from RIA MS 3 C 13, along with a glossary but no translation, by Eleanor Knott in Irish syllabic poetry , and a 'lightly edited' transcription was published in A bardic miscellany . A complete edition of the poem, based on the Book of the O'Connor Donn's text, is presented here for the first time, along with an introduction, notes on sources and analogues with other bardic poems, and an English translation.
Prior-guided restoration of intense local specular highlight in fringe projection profilometry images
Authors: Sun Xiang , Kong Lingbao , Wang Xiaoqing
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel prior-guided
restoration method, to our knowledge, aimed at removing and recovering
intense local specular highlight in fringe projection profilometry
(FPP) images of specular objects. Local reflections, caused by the
direct reflection of the projector on smooth surfaces, often saturate
pixel intensities, posing a significant obstacle to 3D shape
reconstruction. The proposed method combines sinusoidal fringe
projection principles with improved fitting techniques. By analyzing
fringe patterns in non-highlight regions, the constant and amplitude
parameters of the fringes are determined by non-highlight regions. For
the critical initial phase parameter, the continuity of highlight
regions and the fixed relative geometry between the projector and
object are leveraged, which enables an iterative calculation strategy
that progressively estimates fringe intensity within specular regions.
The results show a seamless integration of the restored fringe data
with the original non-highlight information, ensuring global
consistency and continuity. 3D measurement experiments demonstrate
effective restoration of morphological distortions and filling of
point cloud holes.
Tunable and dynamic nanophotonics: introduction
Authors: Calà Lesina Antonio , Berini Pierre , Hsiao Hui-Hsin , Liu Na , Ramunno Lora , Rho Junsuk
Published: October 2024

In this introduction, we provide an overview of the papers that were accepted for publication in the feature issue “Tunable and dynamic nanophotonics” of the Journal of the Optical Society of America B. The feature issue contains 10 articles on cutting-edge topics in the field of tunable nanophotonic systems.
Inverse-designed 6 × 6 waveguide crossing for a Benes-based network
Authors: Ma Hansi , Yang Junbo , Zhao Na , Chen Huan , Zhang Zhaojian , Peng Miao , Du Te , Jiang Xinpeng , Wu Jiagui
Published: October 2024

In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an inverse-designed 6 × 6 waveguide crossing with a footprint of 9 μm × 6.72 μm on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The specific-application waveguide crossing greatly simplifies the Benes-based network layout and significantly reduces its footprint. The measured insertion losses (ILs) and crosstalks (CTs) are less than 1.8 dB and lower than –20.5 dB, respectively, from 1540 nm to 1560 nm. In addition, we theoretically demonstrate the 8 × 8 optical switch by combining this specific-application waveguide crossing with Ge2Sb2Se4Te1-based optical switches. The 8 × 8 optical switch can be widely used in Benes-based networks. The footprint of the 8 × 8 optical switch is only about 43.8 μm × 8.408 μm. The simulated ILs and CTs are less than 2.0 dB and lower than -10.4 dB, respectively, from 1540 nm to 1560 nm.
Future proofing network encryption technology with continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Jain Nitin , Chin Hou-Man , Hajomer Adnan A. E. , Null Dev , Larfort Henrik , Nysom Naja Lautrup , Bidstrup Erik , Andersen Ulrik L. , Gehring Tobias
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate a proof-of-concept establishment of quantum-secure data transfer links in field trials at two locations in Denmark: on the campus of Technical University of Denmark in Lyngby and between power grid nodes owned and operated by Energinet in Odense. Several different links, implemented physically using optical ground wires, underground fibers as well as their combinations, were investigated. Coherent ‘quantum’ states at 1550 nm, prepared and measured using a semi-autonomous continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) prototype, were multiplexed in wavelength with ‘classical’ 100 Gbps encrypted data traffic from a pair of commercial layer-2 network encryption devices operating at around 1300 nm. Under the assumptions of real-time data processing, we estimate average secret key rates of 434.8, 148.6, and 78.3 kbps in the asymptotic limit for diverse channels with losses (at 1550 nm) of 4.1, 5.5, and 6.7 dB, respectively. The demonstrations permit an evaluation of the prototype’s tolerance to harsh field conditions and showcase that CVQKD can serve as an additional layer to protect sensitive network traffic propagating on insecure channels.
Design of electron blocking layer and its influence on the radial hole transport in GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes
Authors: Wang Yachen , Liang Feng , Yang Jing , Chen Ping , Xia Changsheng , Zhao Degang
Published: October 2024

The radial transport behavior of holes and the lateral insulation confinement of carriers in GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are investigated by modifying the design of the electron blocking layer (EBL). The calculation results indicate that the increased efficiency of hole injection into the current aperture region is the primary factor contributing to the improved laser output power observed with higher EBL doping concentrations. The energy band diagrams show that an increased EBL doping concentration can reduce the band bending, thereby affecting hole transport pathways. A new composite EBL structure is proposed, which can further decrease the band bending in the EBL region, resulting in an enhanced hole transport capability toward the center of the current aperture. Therefore, the radiative recombination rate in quantum wells is improved by enhancing the coupling between the carriers and the central optical field. This research offers insight into the structural design of high-performance GaN-based VCSELs.
Simultaneous integration of pattern, frequency and polarization diversities in broadband programmable metasurface for computational imaging
Authors: Du Jiachen , Liu Baiyang , Wu Geng-Bo , Chan Ka Fai , Chan Chi Hou , Zhang Qingfeng
Published: October 2024

The field diversity of a metasurface stands out as a crucial figure of merit for computational imaging. Conventional techniques typically leverage either pattern diversity through a programmable metasurface or frequency diversity due to dispersion response to enhance sensing capacity. Simultaneously employing pattern diversity and frequency diversity in programmable systems remains highly challenging and currently unattainable, primarily due to the absence of a broadband programmable metasurface. This paper proposes a 1-bit broadband programmable metasurface, enabling the simultaneous utilization of pattern diversity and frequency diversity to tackle this difficulty for computational imaging. The proposed programmable metasurface has a 1-bit phase response (corresponding to 0° and 180°) for each unit cell, which works from 15.5 GHz to 27.5 GHz (corresponding to 55.8% relative bandwidth). A computational imaging system is subsequently implemented using the designed metasurface and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) control board. The experimental results demonstrate that the implemented imaging system has significantly enhanced sensing capacity, thanks to the simultaneous utilization of pattern diversity and frequency diversity. Furthermore, we incorporate polarization to further improve the image quality for polarization-sensitive targets by a 90° rotation of the metasurface system and modification of the control coding.
O-band EML and 4-bits DAC enabled 112 GBaud PAM8 transmission over a 10 km SSMF without optical amplifiers
Authors: Tang Jianwei , Cheng Chen , Liang Junpeng , Xu Zhaopeng , Fan Linsheng , Yang Bang , Sun Zhongliang , Ji Tonghui , Wu Qi , Hao Yaguang , Shi Hao , Ye Gao , Cao Lingguo , Yang Yanfu , Wei Jinlong , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2024

The increasing traffic of intra-data center networks creates an urgent
demand for low-cost and high-speed intensity modulation/direct
detection (IM/DD) transmission. In this Letter, we propose a joint
scheme combining nonlinear lookup table (NL-LUT) pre-distortion,
digital pre-emphasis (DPE), and a digital resolution enhancer (DRE) to
achieve high-speed and low-cost IM/DD optical links using a
low-resolution digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The NL-LUT and DPE
are responsible for the system nonlinear impairments and channel
attenuation at high frequency, respectively, while DRE handles the
quantization noise (QN) caused by high peak-to-average ratios (PAPRs)
and low-resolution DAC. Leveraging the advanced pre-compensation
scheme at the transmitter, we experimentally demonstrate the O-band
transmission of 124 GBaud and 112 GBaud PAM8 over 2 km and 10 km SSMF,
respectively, using only a 4 bits DAC and a simple 5-tap linear
equalizer at the receiver-side. To the best of our knowledge, among
the reported demonstrations using the low-resolution DAC without an
optical amplifier, this work achieves the highest net rates of 310
Gb/s over 2 km and 280 Gb/s over 10 km of SSMF, respectively, which
offers a promising solution for low-cost high-speed IM/DD
transmission.
Experimental validation of XPM mitigation using a generalizable multi-task learning neural network
Authors: Srivallapanondh Sasipim , Freire Pedro , Spinnler Bernhard , Costa Nelson , Schairer Wolfgang , Napoli Antonio , Turitsyn Sergei K. , Prilepsky Jaroslaw E.
Published: October 2024

We address the development of efficient neural network (NN)-based
post-equalizers in long-haul coherent-detection dense
wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) optical transmission systems.
To achieve a high level of generalization of the NN-based equalizers,
we propose to employ multi-task learning (MTL). MTL refers to a single
shared machine learning (NN) model that can perform multiple different
(albeit related) tasks. We verify the good performance of the
developed MTL equalizer model using experimental data as compared to
the previously proposed approaches. Furthermore, we report how MTL can
improve performance compared to single-task counterparts. We also
demonstrate that reducing the complexity of the resulting MTL
equalizer is possible without essential performance compromise.
Dual-band ESSPP–SSPP transmission line with independently controllable cutoff frequencies
Authors: Zhang Anqi , Jin Yuanxin , Yi Yang , Wu Fuyu , Luo Guo Qing , Liu Leilei
Published: October 2024

In this work, an effective spoof surface plasmon polariton (ESSPP)-SSPP transmission line (TL) is proposed, which can operate in dual bands. Unlike SSPP TL, our ESSPP–SSPP TL allows for relatively accurate parameter estimation, independent control over each cutoff frequency, and low insertion loss. We provided the dispersion relation and closed-form formulas for calculating each cutoff frequency and explained the mechanism behind the independent controllability of each cutoff frequency. This allows us to quickly estimate the structural parameters with an analytical design approach. By leveraging the dispersion of the ESSPP–SSPP mode, we designed a dual-band filter operating in the millimeter-wave range, and its performance was validated through experimental measurements. This work paves the way for the development of novel SPP-like microwave/millimeter-wave devices.
Spectral reflectance of core–shell GaN-(Al/Hf)Ox nanowires within adapted effective medium approximation
Authors: Szymon Radoslaw , Sobanska Marta , Zytkiewicz Zbigniew R. , Gieraltowska Sylwia , Zielony Eunika
Published: October 2024

Gallium nitride-based nanowires (NWs) overcome heteroepitaxy limits,
enabling GaN-on-silicon devices, and offer high sensitivity for
detection, sensing, and photocatalysis. Additional nanowire coating
enhances their performance, protects against photoadsorption, and
enables control over structural and optical properties. In this work,
we investigate core–shell GaN-(Al/Hf)Ox nanowires,
which meet the aforementioned expectations. We focus on reflectance, a
fundamental optical parameter indicating structure applicability. We
identified the proper dependence between reflectance spectra and shell
composition and thickness, based on microscopic imaging, and adapted
effective medium approximation. Finally, we expand upon a previous
model, achieving great agreement between the simulation and the
experimental data. Thus, we demonstrate how the description of complex
nanostructures can be simplified and the composition of the nanowire
ensemble can be estimated.
Fiber-integrated hybrid achromatic microlenses by combined femtosecond laser 3D printing
Authors: Xu Liqun , Gui Xinyu , Wang Chaowei , Wang Xinghao , Xue Yuhang , Tao Yuan , Fan Shengying , Li Jiawen , Chu Jiaru , Hu Yanlei
Published: October 2024

Compact achromats for visible wavelengths are crucial for miniaturized and lightweight full-color endoscopes. Emerging femtosecond laser 3D printing technology offers new possibilities for enhancing the optical performance of miniature imaging lenses on fibers. In this work, we combine refractive and diffractive elements with complementary dispersive properties to create thin, high-performance hybrid achromatic lenses within the visible spectrum, avoiding the use of different optical materials. Using a fiber-integrated hybrid achromatic lens array, clear images are captured across different wavelengths. The fabrication process is carried out using femtosecond laser direct writing (DLW) assisted by femtosecond projection lithography based on a digital micromirror device (DMD). Our work is expected to significantly contribute to the advancement of integrated and miniaturized biomedical imaging devices.
Non-Hermitian ideal Weyl photonic metamaterials and polarization-momentum resolved ultrahigh absorption
Authors: Geng Ye , Yang Biao
Published: October 2024

In the past decade, there has been a significant surge of interest in investigating non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, particularly in photonics. The eigenvalues of general non-Hermitian Hamiltonians are complex and possess unique topological features such as exceptional degeneracy. The introduction of non-Hermitian perturbations into Weyl semimetals can transform Weyl points into exceptional rings characterized by multiple topological invariants. However, the ideal realization of Weyl rings within practical three-dimensional structures has remained a significant challenge. In this work, we extend artificial photonic metamaterial structures that can transform ideal Weyl points into non-Hermitian exceptional rings. We show the associated intriguing polarization-momentum ultrahigh absorption, which enables what we believe to be a new device application in non-Hermitian photonics. Our study not only proposes the practical model for ideal non-Hermitian photonic Weyl exceptional rings but also opens the gate of non-Hermitian scattering characterization.
Multi-core anti-resonant hollow core optical fiber
Authors: Mears Robbie , Harrington Kerrianne , Wadsworth William J. , Stone James M. , Birks Tim A.
Published: October 2024

We report the fabrication and characterization of a multi-core anti-resonant hollow core fiber with low inter-core coupling. The optical losses were 0.03 and 0.08 dB/m at 620 and 1000 nm, respectively, while the novel structure provides new insights into hollow core fiber design and fabrication.
Edge and skin effects in rhombus reciprocal photonic crystals
Authors: Hu Luoshu , Hao Ran
Published: October 2024

With the development of non-Hermitian physics, the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) has attracted much attention. Existing research highlights the critical roles of the periodic boundary condition (PBC) spectrum, lattice symmetry, and macroscopic symmetry of the lattice in relation to the geometry-dependent skin effect (GDSE). However, the impact of macroscopic edge geometry is frequently neglected. We find that the GDSE is highly sensitive to the edge and cannot be simply determined by the symmetries. Specifically, the GDSE can emerge at trivial interfaces of rhombus photonic crystals (PhCs) with zigzag edge and bearded edge. Furthermore, we analyze the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of point-gap topology. This work underscores important, yet frequently overlooked, aspects in two-dimensional (2D) reciprocal PhC systems and can be used to enhance design flexibility, allowing the NHSE to have better applications in areas such as lasers and highly sensitive sensors.
Access to transition-related health care among transmasculine people in India: A mixed-methods investigation
Authors: Chakrapani Venkatesan , Santos Heather , Battala Madhusudana , Gupta Shaman , Sharma Satvik , Batavia Aditya , Siddiqui Sahil Jamal , Courts Kelly A. , Scheim Ayden I.
Published: October 2024

Little research has examined the health care experiences of transmasculine people in India, where government initiatives to improve access to transition-related (also called gender-affirmative) care have recently been announced. We draw on data from ‘Our Health Matters’, a mixed-methods community-based participatory research project, to characterize the transition-related care experiences of transmasculine people in India. Peer researchers conducted 40 virtual qualitative interviews in Hindi or Marathi from July to September 2021. Between November 2022 and January 2023, 377 transmasculine people participated in a multi-mode survey available in five languages. Qualitative data were analysed with a combination of framework analysis and grounded theory techniques. Data were mixed using a convergent parallel approach. Transmasculine persons’ care journeys began with information-seeking, relying on peers and internet searches. In choosing between the public and private healthcare systems, they weighed issues of quality and affordability: the public system was perceived as lower-quality and difficult to access but most could not afford private care, leading to delays in care. Indeed, unmet need was common; 36.4% of survey participants were planning but had not begun to receive transition-related care and 80.2% wanted at least one transition-related surgery. Although some participants encountered stigma and refusal of care when seeking hormones, survey participants reported largely positive experiences with their hormone prescribers, which may reflect the influence of peer referrals. Participants underwent psychological assessments prior to transition-related care, which some experienced as disempowering and a barrier to disclosing mental health challenges. Finally, participants who were able to access care reported improved well-being, although surgical dissatisfaction was not uncommon (26.2%). Trans-inclusive medical training and continuing education are critical to enhancing access to high-quality transition-related care. Transmasculine people generally relied on peers and grassroots organizations for information, system navigation, and financial assistance. Strengthening these existing community resources may improve access to care.
Identification of interaction partners of outer inflammatory protein A: Computational and experimental insights into how Helicobacter pylori infects host cells
Authors: Akcelik-Deveci Sümeyye , Kılıç Elif , Mansur-Ozen Nesteren , Timucin Emel , Buyukcolak Yaren , Oktem-Okullu Sinem
Published: October 2024

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play a key role in facilitating the survival of Helicobacter pylori within the gastric tissue by mediating adherence. Among these proteins, Outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) is a critical factor in H. pylori colonization of the host gastric epithelial cell surface. While the role of OipA in H. pylori attachment and its association with clinical outcomes have been established, the structural mechanisms underlying OipA’s action in adherence to gastric epithelial cells remain limited. Our study employed experimental and computational approaches to investigate the interaction partners of OipA on the gastric epithelial cell surface. Initially, we conducted a proteomic analysis using a pull-down assay with recombinant OipA and gastric epithelial cell membrane proteins to identify the OipA interactome. This analysis revealed 704 unique proteins that interacted with OipA. We subsequently analyzed 16 of these OipA partners using molecular modeling tools. Among these 16 partners, we highlight three human proteins, namely Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor receptor (Met), and Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor B1 (AGRB1) that could play a role in H. pylori adherence to the gastric epithelial cell surface with OipA. Collectively, these findings reveal novel host interactions mediated by OipA, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets for combating H. pylori infection.
The impact of alcohol misuse in trauma patients: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Garland Chantae , Abdulla Nhayan , Lee Donghyun , Spiwak Rae , Logsetty Sarvesh , Nantais Jordan
Published: October 2024

Background

Alcohol use is a contributing factor in many cases of traumatic injury. There is conflicting evidence on the impact of alcohol use at the time of physical trauma on severity of injury and hospital course. Similarly, the significance of alcohol use disorder on outcomes in hospitalized trauma patients is unclear. This scoping review aims to provide a concise overview of the current literature surrounding peri-trauma alcohol use and alcohol use disorder on injury severity, in-hospital complications, patient outcomes, and long-term health impact of alcohol use in trauma. We will also explore the associated healthcare costs of this patient population.

Methods

A systematic search of the following databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library will be completed to extract all studies that meet our inclusion criteria from January 2000 onwards. Case reports will be excluded. Two reviewers will screen all citations, abstracts, and full text articles. A third reviewer will act as tiebreaker at each stage of the screening process. A narrative synthesis without meta-analysis will be conducted and assessed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.

Discussion

This review will contribute to the literature by providing a concise overview of the current data on the impact of alcohol on outcomes following trauma. We will explore the overall themes in the literature, limitations, and future directions to focus forthcoming research in this patient population.

Scoping review registration

This project is registered via the Open Science Framework. The public registration is uniquely identified with the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z84WK.

Support

There were no funders or sponsors involved in the development of this protocol.
LostNet: A smart way for lost and find
Authors: Zhou Meihua , Fung Ivan , Yang Li , Wan Nan , Di Keke , Wang Tingting
Published: October 2024

The rapid population growth in urban areas has led to an increased frequency of lost and unclaimed items in public spaces such as public transportation, restaurants, and other venues. Services like Find My iPhone efficiently track lost electronic devices, but many valuable items remain unmonitored, resulting in delays in reclaiming lost and found items. This research presents a method to streamline the search process by comparing images of lost and recovered items provided by owners with photos taken when items are registered as lost and found. A photo matching network is proposed, integrating the transfer learning capabilities of MobileNetV2 with the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and utilizing perceptual hashing algorithms for their simplicity and speed. An Internet framework based on the Spring Boot system supports the development of an online lost and found image identification system. The implementation achieves a testing accuracy of 96.8%, utilizing only 0.67 GFLOPs and 3.5M training parameters, thus enabling the recognition of images in real-world scenarios and operable on standard laptops.
A socioeconomic and cost benefit analysis of Tropical Race 4 (TR4) prevention methods among banana producers in Colombia
Authors: Ritter Thea , Álvarez Diego , Mosquera Leslie Estefany , Martey Edward , Mockshell Jonathan
Published: October 2024

The global banana industry faces a significant threat from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4). While prior research has concentrated on TR4’s dissemination, reproductive conditions, and resistant banana varieties, this study employs a socioeconomic and cost-benefit analysis to explore the vulnerability of banana producers to TR4 in Colombia. It assesses the financial viability of current monitoring strategies and estimates potential losses in the event of TR4 spreading within the study area. Interviews were conducted with producers and key stakeholders in Colombia’s top two banana-producing departments, Antioquia and Magdalena. The findings reveal that farming systems are highly vulnerable to TR4, particularly due to the prevalent use of corms. Producers employ preventive measures such as cement paths, fences, disinfecting stations, and footbaths to counteract TR4’s spread. A cost-benefit analysis indicates that the benefits of these prevention methods significantly outweigh the associated costs, with a net present value of implementing prevention strategies per hectare of $95,389 USD and $112,527 USD in Magdalena and Antioquia and a benefit-cost ratio of 3.1 and 4.2, respectively. Considering the substantial impact TR4 could have in Colombia if it becomes more widespread, we recommend widespread adoption of preventive measures, including the construction and utilization of cement paths and disinfectant methods on all banana farms. Additionally, to enhance awareness and early detection, we propose leveraging technology, such as mobile applications (apps) and chat groups, to empower farmers in identifying and preventing the spread of TR4.
Utilizing SSR-based core collection development to improve conservation and utilization of Corylus L. genetic resources
Authors: Yang Weicong , Yang Boning , Lu Liyuan , Zhang Xuemei , Sun Jun , Wang Liwei , Zheng Zeyang , Liang Dejun , Wang Kehan , Yan Xinyu , Yang Chenchen , Liu Zhenpan
Published: October 2024

Hazelnuts are traditional woody oilseed plants. Corylus L. resources are rich in variety and widely distributed in China. However, the identification of germplasm varieties and the selection of superior varieties remain quite limited. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of 331 Corylus L. germplasms using 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Based on this, 11 pairs of core primers were selected, a fingerprint database of germplasm resources was constructed, and a primary core collection was screened. The results indicated that these tested Corylus L. germplasms exhibited a high level of genetic diversity, with an average number of alleles (Na) per locus of 14.5 and a polymorphic information content of 0.777. The phylogenetic relationships among various hazelnut cultivars were characterized by complexity, and they were delineated into four distinct groups facilitated by genetic distance analyses. An SSR fingerprint database for 331 Corylus L. germplasms was successfully constructed using the 11 obtained core SSR markers to increase the discrimination efficiency. Ultimately, 127 primary core accessions of Corylus L. were selected. The retention rate for the observed Na and MAF (the minor allele frequency) in the primary core germplasm constructed based on a sampling proportion of 38.36% was 100% and 94.7%, respectively. Shannon’s information index (I) was highly consistent between the core and original germplasms, indicating that the core germplasm could fully represent the genetic diversity of the original germplasm. Additionally, the principal coordinate analysis of the selected primary core germplasm was essentially consistent with that of the entire original germplasm, further supporting the broad representativeness of the core germplasm. This study provided a basis for precisely identifying and efficiently utilizing Corylus L. accession.
Impact of preexisting digestive problems on the gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Liu Xinghuang , Luvsandagva Bayasgalan , Wang Dongke , Zhu Siran , Xu Zhiyue , Zhou Dan , Xie Xiaotian , Qian Wei , Hou Xiaohua , Bai Tao
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study focused on the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in the omicron variant infection and the related factors based on digestive health.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals infected with the omicron variant. A structured questionnaire was developed to gather their demographic characteristics, preexisting digestive problems (diseases & symptoms), and clinical manifestations during the infection.

Results

11,484 questionnaires were received from online platforms. 7,929 infected participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, 4,225 (53.3%) were females, and the mean age was 36.0±8.8 years old. In general, the proportion of GI symptoms in the omicron variant infection was 31.4% (62.6% and 25.0% in participants with pre-existing digestive problems and those without, respectively). The participants with pre-existing digestive problems exhibited more severe clinical manifestations during infection compared to those without. Notably, participants with gastrointestinal symptoms during the infection had more severe clinical manifestations, regardless of basic digestive health. Upper, rather than lower GI symptoms were more closely associated with the severity of the clinical manifestations. NSAIDs may increase the occurrence of GI symptoms in participants with a healthy digestive system but not in those with preexisting digestive problems.

Conclusion

Patients infected with the omicron variant may experience more severe clinical symptoms if they have gastrointestinal issues. Digestive health strongly influences the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of clinical manifestations.
Understanding the barriers and enablers to participation in vaccine trials in a pregnant population from diverse ethnic background in an inner-city UK hospital
Authors: Youssef Essra , Calvert Anna , Greening Vanessa , Pearce Dominique , Wright Suzannah , Eccleston Emma , Oshodi Lolade , Heath Paul , Vandrevala Tushna
Published: October 2024

Background

Vaccination during pregnancy is an important healthcare intervention for safeguarding the health of the mother and their infants. Ethnic disparities in recruitment to vaccine research studies during pregnancy potentially contribute to health inequalities. The aim of the current study was to explore the barriers and enablers influencing the willingness of pregnant women from ethnic minority backgrounds to participate in vaccine research studies.

Methods and findings

Semi-structured qualitative online interviews were conducted with 23 pregnant women from diverse ethnic backgrounds in the UK. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed. Our findings suggest that participants perceived vaccines and vaccine research, in principle, to be beneficial to the individual and to society, and understood the value of vaccination in mitigating severity of disease and protecting the health of mothers and their infants. Apprehension over the safety of vaccination in pregnancy was common and reduced willingness to participate. For those that decided to participate in vaccine trials in pregnancy, this was seen as an act of solidarity, a way to contribute to a collective responsibility for the public health of the community. Personal and community connections and representation—seeing people from their own communities represented in in the recruitment process shapped decisions about vaccine trial participating. Trust and mistrust in health systems, shaped by past experiences of interacting with healthcare professionals were likely to inform whether they would consider participating. Practical considerations such as excessive time commitments related to study procedures, travel and organising childcare were barrier to participation. The level of invasiveness of trial procedures were also a concern, although increased monitoring during the trial was seen as a potential benefit, mitigating some safety concerns.

Conclusions

Our study reinforcing previously identified barriers to vaccine participation among pregnant women from diverse ethnic communities. This study underlines the need to develop tailored interventions that focus on fostering trust with the aid of community engagement to understand cultural contexts, establishing authentic representation, and address practical considerations, to contribute to enhancing vaccine trial participation in pregnancy in those from diverse ethnic communities.
Resident physician burnout and association with working conditions, psychiatric determinants, and medical errors: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Surawattanasakul Vithawat , Siviroj Penprapa , Kiratipaisarl Wuttipat
Published: October 2024

Burnout has become a significant occupational concern for resident physicians, primarily attributed to chronic workplace stressors, inadequate work-life balance, high expectation from attending staffs, steep learning curve, and limited patient care experience. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of burnout in medical residents. This cross-sectional study was conducted online questionnaire of all specialists in a university hospital from September to October 2022. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel. The data collection encompassed information on socio-demographics, working conditions, psychiatric issues, and medical errors as potential predictive variables. To analyze the association between these factors and burnout, a confounder summary score model was employed in four separate models utilizing multivariable logistic regression. A total of 238 participants, the average age of participants was 28.1 years (SD 2.7), and 56.2% of them were female. Weekly working hours averaged 75 (SD 21.8). Burnout prevalence was 46.3%. This prevalence was characterized by high levels of emotional exhaustion (57.1%) and depersonalization (36.1%), along with low levels of personal accomplishment (52.4%). Summary of association in each domain with burnout were as follow: demographic determinants, (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.80, 95% CI 1.68–4.64), working conditions (aOR 2.97, 95% CI 1.54–5.71), psychiatric determinants (aOR 2.47, 95% CI 1.77–3.45) medical errors (aOR 2.14, 95% CI 1.05–4.34). Medical residency training programs should provide a supportive system that actively monitors and addresses depressive symptoms. Implementing preventive measures, such as increasing pay rates, can play a role in mitigating burnout.