bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
البيئة الأمنية في شمال شرق آسيا بين النفوذ الأمريكي والتأثير الصيني
Authors: Kadhim Dr.Baqer Jawad
Published: October 2021

تعد البيئة الأمنية لمنطقة شمال شرق آسيا من الأهمية بمكان، كونها تضم معظم القوى الفاعلة دولياً (الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، الصين، روسيا الإتحادية واليابان)، وهو ما يضفي على طبيعة تفاعلات هذه القوى ميزة خاصة للمنطقة، وبسبب من تعدد السياسات والإهتمامات للقوى الفاعلة، فلقد كانت النتيجة بيئة إقليمية غير مستقرة، إذ كثيراً ما تصطدم مصالح القوى الكبرى بشكل متكرر في العديد من القضايا ذات الصلة، وهو ما يقترن مع تنامي الجهود للعديد منها في تبني سياسات تختلف عما أدته في السابق، ما أفرز أنماطاً مختلفة من العلاقات سمتها الأساس التنافس والزعامة الإقليمية وشيوع التوترات المختلفة بينها وزيادة التحالفات المختلفة القائمة على مركزية الدورين الأمريكي والصيني، الأمر الذي وجد صداه في سياسات محاور ثلاثية وثنائية في تفاعلات البيئة الأمنية لعموم المنطقة.
العنف والتطرف في العراق: مقاربات في الدوافع وسبل المواجهة
Authors: Azeez Dr.Ahmed Adnan
Published: October 2021

مر العراق بعد العام 2003 بموجات متعددة من العنف وبمستويات مختلفة على الصعيد الامني والفكري والسياسي والاجتماعي، وتقف وراء ذلك عدة دوافع ومحفزات لتمكين العنف مثلت المتغير الاول من البحث، واهمها الدوافع السياسية التي عممت مناخا بأن السياسة ضد المجتمع وحولت السلطة إلى حقل للتوحش السياسي ضد الفرد والجماعة في آن واحد. كذلك هنالك دوافع ثقافية فكرية واعلامية واقتصادية مثل ضعف الإستقلال الثقافي والفقر والتهميش والبطالة والعوز وعدم وجود خطاب اعلامي ينبذ العنف بل يحرض عليه، بالمقابل هنالك سبل لمواجهة تلك الدوافع يحتاجها العراق، منها سياسية وفكرية وثقافية واعلامية واقتصادية مانعة للعنف والتطرف ومحققة للسلام والاستقرار ستكون المتغي الثاني للبحث.
الإتحاد الأوروبي وظاهرة اليمين المتطرف: البريكست انموذجاً
Authors: Hussein Dr. Mustafa Jasim
Published: October 2021

لم يتأثر الاتحاد الاوروبي بظاهرة تكاد تهدد وجوده كمنظمة أقليمية مثلما يتعرض اليوم لظاهرة اليمين المتطرف التي وان أختلفت نسبها بين دول الاتحاد الاوروبي الا أنها تجمع على ضرورة تفككه كما تنادي تيارات اقصى اليمين المتطرف  الحد من سلطاته فوق القومية كما تريد بعض التيارات الشعبوية الاخذة بالتزايد والتي تدعو الى مزيد من الاستقلالية في القرار الفردي لصالح دوله على حساب السلطات التي تدعو لها بروكسل عاصمة الاتحاد السياسية فضلا عن حالات الفساد المالي والاداري المرافقة لأغلب عمليات الانقاذ التي شرع بها الاتحاد كمؤسسة أقليمية أتجاه بعض الدول كاليونان و اسبانيا أبان الازمة المالية العالمية ،الامر الذي ضاعف من المشاعر السلبية ألموجه للاتحاد الاوروبي و التي ترجمتها أحزاب واتحادات ونخب وتيارات شعبوية تدعو الى ضرورة التخلص منه كونه أصبح مؤسسة بالية لا تخدم الناس بقدرما تخدم زعامات سياسية محددة ،والذي توج بأستفتاءات للخروج من الاتحاد كما في بريطانيا مرة ، وبنزعة انفصالية لبعض الاقاليم مرة أخرى ، وهي في كل الاحوال ظاهرة أخذت تحد من فاعلية الاتحاد على اقل تقدير اذا لم تكن قد خلقت البنية الفكرية التحتية للحظة التفكك في المستقبل.
تطور الحرب الحديثة، وحرب ما بعد الحداثة
Authors: Abdulameer Hussain Basim
Published: October 2021

كانت الحرب وما زالت واحدة من الأدوات الرئيسة لممارسة العلاقات الدولية، وكانت دائمًا محورًا رئيسيًا لدراسة العلاقات الدولية. الحرب، مثل الدبلوماسية والدعاية وما إلى ذلك، هي أداة للسياسة الوطنية. وقد استخدمتها الدول لتحقيق أهدافها وطموحاتها وتحقيق مصالحها الوطنية. مسائل الحرب والسلام أساسية لفهم العلاقات الدولية، فهي الأسئلة التي تنطوي على مشكلة البقاء.
اليوم يستخدم مصطلح "الحرب" بعدة طرق مختلفة. نتحدث عن الحرب الباردة، الحرب الساخنة، الحرب المحدودة، الحرب الشاملة، الحرب التقليدية، والحرب غير التقليدية، الحرب الأهلية، حرب العصابات، الحرب الوقائية إلخ. ومع ذلك، استمرت الحرب في الوجود، واتخذت أشكالًا مختلفة.
وفي الفترة الحديثة، اتخذت الحرب بين الدول المتقدمة شكلاً معينا، يتميز بعلاقة تكافلية بين دول منظمة تنظيماً جيدًا، ومارست تصنيع الحرب في الطريقة التي خاضتها. ومع ذلك، بنهاية القرن العشرين، كانت هناك بعض الدلائل على أن عصر الحرب الصناعية "الحديثة" قد يكون انتهى مع بداية جديدة. فمنذ نهاية الحرب الباردة كان هناك نقاش واسع بين علماء الحرب حول تحول الحرب، حيث جادل العديد من المختصين بأننا بحاجة إلى التعامل مع العديد من الحروب التي نراها اليوم بشكل مختلف ورؤيتها من خلال منظور جديد حيث يتم تضمين العولمة من أجل فهمها وتعميق معرفتنا بها.
وبعد دراسة العديد من الحروب والصراعات المسلحة التي نشبت منذ تسعينيات القرن الماضي، اندفع بعض المحللين إلى الإيحاء بأن هذه الحروب والصراعات باتت شكل جديد من أشكال الحرب وأن مثل هذه الحروب ستكون سمة من سمات الحرب ما بعد الحرب الباردة، وعالم ما بعد الحداثة، وأن عصر حرب القوى العظمى الصناعية قد تم تجاوزه.
The Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels and Irrigation Intervals on Yield and Water Productivity of Cotton Grown in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: GÖNEN Engin , TANRIVERDİ Çağatay
Published: October 2021

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nirogen levels and irrigation intervals applied with drip system on cotton yield, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in the East Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research of Institute Located in Kahramanmaras, Turkey during 2012 and 2013. In the experiment, 3 different nitrogen levels (N0:0, N15:150, N30: 300 kg ha-1) and 2 different irrigation intervals (I5: 5 and I10:10 days) were investigated on Erşan-92 cotton variety. The amount of irrigation water was estimated by replenishment of soil water deficit in 60 cm root-zone depth to the field capacity in the irrigation intervals of 5 and 10 days. The experimental design was split-plots with three replications. The amount of irrigation water applied to treatments in the research years varied between 511.9-633.8 and 498-611 mm respectively. Cotton yield values in the research years for irrigation and nitrogen applications ranged between 2520-3360 and 2360-3540 kg ha-1 respectively. Higher yields were obtained with 5-day irrigation frequency compared with irrigation every 10 days. The effects of different irrigation intervals and nitrogen application of interaction on yield, Water use efficiency (WP) and Irrigation water use efficiency (IWP) were found to be statistically significant at 1% level. I5 N15 generated the highest net income and the lowest income was found in I10 N0. As a result of the experiment, 150 kg ha-1 nitrogen dose in 5 days irrigation interval was recommended for cotton production in the region.
An Overview of Export and Import of Pulses in India
Authors: Singh Ajit
Published: October 2021

Pulses are an important part of Indian daily diets. Pulses are a key commodity category of crops that supply high quantity protein to the country's mainly vegetarian population, supplementary grains proteins. India is the world's leading producer and consumer of pulses. India imports a considerable number of pulses to meet the domestic requirement of pulses. India remains responsible for almost 15 percent of the import-export, 27 percent of the total consumption of pulses at the world level, and 25 percent of the total production of the pulses every year.
An Impact of Capital Adequacy Ratio on the Profitability of Private Sector Banks in India – A Study
Authors: Jadhav Jayesh J , Kathale Ashish , Rajpurohit Shreeya
Published: October 2021

Profitability being one of the cardinal principles of bank lending acts as a game changer for the survival and success of private sector banks in India. In order to stay profitable, banks have to capitalise on every penny advanced to yield the expected returns. However, considering the constraints laid down by the Reserve Bank of India, banks have to maintain a minimum capital adequacy ratio, as per the current BASEL III regulations active in India. With the mergers of public sector banks, the challenge has got just tougher for the private sector banks in India. Expansion and Diversification are the key strategies adopted by the key players from the private banking sector, however, with the minimum capital adequacy ratio observed by them, it is necessary to understand its actual impact on the bank’s profitability. This research paper aims to throw light upon the linkage that capital adequacy has with the bank’s profitability. It attempts to establish a relation between the Capital Adequacy Ratio with the Net profits of the bank. For the purpose of this study, data from the past 5 years of the leading private sector banks has been collected, namely, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, AXIS Bank and YES Bank. The collected data has been analysed using Pearson’s Correlation to establish a relation between the CAR Ratio & the bank’s profitability. Hypothesis testing has been further done to study the quantum of proportionate change in the profitability with a change in the CAR Ratio for private sector banks using applicable research tools. The said research tools are applied to achieve the desired results while maintaining the required quantum of accuracy. It also aims to understand the proportionate impact of changes in CAR to the bank’s profitability, which can act as a suggested measure for banks to develop a reliable framework for efficient capital management and increase overall efficiency. The results derived from the data collected and analyzed aim to pro
ERDEM KAVRAMINI AİLEDE SORGULATAN BİR MODEL OYUN: BEŞ PARMAK EGZERSİZİ
Authors: OLPAK Ceren
Published: October 2021

Aile, duvarları dışında kalan tüm kriz ve problemlere karşı bireyler için güvenli bir cennet midir? Yoksa aile kişilik üzerinde bir duvar mı inşa eder? Eğer öyleyse, insanlar erdeme ulaşmak için bu duvarları nasıl yıkabilirler? İnsanlar için en yüksek esenlik kendi doğasının mükemmelliğini ya da mutluluğu anlamasıdır. Bu erdemli yaşamda amaçlanan en üstün iyidir. Bu noktada insanlar seçimler yapabilecekleri ve hayatlarını düzenleyebilecekleri ölçüde sorumludurlar. Fakat aile, birbirine bunun için katkıda bulunur mu? Bu sorular, Peter Shaffer’in “Beş Parmak Egzersizi” oyununun odağındadır. Oyun yazarı erdemi nasıl görür? Bu makale bu soruları model oyunu inceleyerek keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
DÜŞÜNCELERİ İLE ZAMANA SIĞMAYAN AYNALKUDAT MİYANECİ
Authors: MEMMEDOVA Ülker
Published: October 2021

Aynalkudat Miyaneci XII. yüzyılın seçkin bir filozofu, yazarı ve şairidir. Onun hayatından bahseden kaynaklar sayıca çok olsa da fikirlerin çoğu birbirini tekrarlar. Makalede düşünürün ailesi ve hayatı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Filozofun aslı Miyane şehrinden olsa da dedesi mesleği ile alakalı Hemedan’a göçmüştür. Onun dedesi Ali Miyaneci ve babası Muham-med Miyaneci Hemedan’da kadı olmuşlar. O, Hemedan’da doğup yaşadığı için bazı kaynaklarda Hemedani gibi hatırlanır. Burada onlar hakkında Orta Çağ yazarlarının yüksek fikirleri veril-miştir. Onun dedesi Ali Miyaneci’nin şiirlerinden örnekler gösterilmiştir. Makalede Aynalkudat Miyaneci’nin yaratıcılığı hakkında genel olarak bilgi verildi. Burada düşünürün felsefi mazmunlu yaratıcılığının sanatsal özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Felsefi şiirlerdeki sanatsallık anlatılırken yazarın fikirlerinin ifade tarzı da analiz edildi. Vatan ve doğa konuların-daki düşünceleri ile düşünürün yaratıcılığından bazı örnekler verilmiştir. 2021 yılında, Aynalkudat Miyaneci’nin vefatının 890. ölüm yıldönümü münasebetiyle düşünür hakkında onun mirasına ve hatırasına saygı olarak bu makale hazırlanmıştır.
"Muslim mosque as a house of worship to be closed off…" (The Cathedral Mosque of Leningrad in 1932–1940s)
Authors: Bekkin R. I.
Published: October 2021

The 1930s were a troublesome period for all religious communities in the Soviet Union. Muslims were not an exception. The widespread closure of mosques and repressions against religious leaders took place in all regions of the country. The history of the TatarMuslim community of Leningrad in 1930s has not been properly researched as yet. It would be interesting to know how Muslims managed to maintain control over the mosque until 1940 despite growing pressure from the authorities. The article examines the strategies used by offi cials of Leningrad City Council (Lengorsovet) and other state authorities to reduce the religious activity of Muslims. The article centres around the restoration of the Cathedral Mosque of Leningrad which served as one of the main pretexts for the closure of the mosque.
Charity work of theologian Nurgali Khasanov (1852–1919)
Authors: Amishov R. I.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the charitable work of an authoritative Muslim theologian of the Middle Volga region, Sheikh, Akhun Nurgali Khasanov (1852–1919). This part of his life is revealed on the basis of the pre-revolutionary Tatar newspapers the Koyash, the Yoldyz, the Azad, the Mаglumat magazine, the memoirs of contemporaries, published documents and his work “Al-Gauatyf al-Hamidiya fi ssayakhati nuriya” (Commendable Feelings of Light Travels), dedicated to pilgrimage. The events described cover the period from 1886 to 1917.  

On the example of charitable activity of this bright personality, it seems possible to perceive the historical processes of that time, to understand what diffi culties Muslim religious fi gures, theologians of the Middle Volga region of the late XIX – early XX centuries encountered in life.
Shihab al-Din al-Marjan i about Ibn ‘Abd-al-Wahhab and his preaching on the material of the book “Wafi yat al-aslaf”
Authors: Shagaviev D. A.
Published: October 2021

The article includes the translations of some fragments from the biographical work “Wafi yyat al-aslaf wa tahiyyat al-akhlaf” (“Devotion to the ancestors and greetings to descendants”) of the outstanding Tatar theologian Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (1818–1889), dedicated to the Arabian preacher Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792) and his religious teachings. The texts from the specifi ed source were compared with the other available sources in order to fi nd out which books and which authors Marjani relied on. The author of the article tried to fi nd out Marjani’s assessment of the teachings of Ibn ‘Abd-al-Wahhab and the actions of his followers.  

As a result, it was revealed that the Tatar scholar used such historical works as “al-Ta‘ribat al-shafi yya” (“Convincing translations into Arabic”) by Rifa‘a al-Tahtawi (1801-1873) and “al-Mir’a al-wadhiyya” (“The Clear Mirror”) by Van Dyck Cornelius (1818-1895), theological treatises such as “Sulh al-ikhwan” (“Reconciliation of the brothers”) by Ibn Jirjis (1816-1882) and “Fath al-mannan” (“Disclosure of the Giver”) by al-Hazimi (d. 1866). Presumably, he also relied on “Tarikh ‘ajaib al-athar” (“History of the amazing heritage”) by al-Jabarti (1754-1822) and “Radd al-mukhtar” (“The answer to the bewildered”) by Ibn ‘Abidin (1784-1836). Marjani, assessing the teachings and activities of Sheikh Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab, kept himself rather restrained and cautious, though he admitted the negative consequences of Abd al-Wahhab preaching that came in the form of Muslims accused of disbelief (takfir) destruction.
The problem of the Total Subject in the Methodology of Theology
Authors: Galyavieva G. A. , Pisarenko A. V.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the aspect of an attitude towards a person, researching Theological Discourse.  

The article reveals the processes of marginalizing the so-called Subjective and Objective Faith. Thus, the theological discourse is directed precisely to an objective-oriented faith, since it seems more real for a person, and it necessarily comes from him. Separation of faith, on the one hand, is a language trick shown directly through the language and processes of linguistic distinction (the opposition); on the other hand, through an array of determinations of one’s faith according to the traditions, culture, family and society as a whole. As a result, the authors point out that this division shows the opacity of a human being according to his/er own nature, which leads to a person wholeness collapse. As a result, some possible problems related to the methodology based on the concept of the total subject are identifi ed.
True Dawn: the defi nition by the Sharia and the terminology of astronomers
Authors: Maghomedov M. Z.
Published: October 2021

The object of the research is the problem of determining the exact time of the True Dawn onset (al-fajr as-sadik), with which the rituals of fasting and praying begin in Islam, as well as the completion of the rite of standing (wukuf) on Mount Arafat during the Great Pilgrimage (hajj), and its diff erence from the so-called “False” Dawn. (al-fajr al-kazib).  

The paper presents the Hadiths describing the signs of these two astronomical phenomena and reveals the results of visual observation of the onset of the True Dawn’s exact time in a number of Arab countries and in the Republic of Dagestan according to the mathematical calculation of the angle of the Sun inclination and the degree of the Sun position (azimuth) towards the horizon of the observed terrain during the true dawn.  

The study was based on the determination of the onset of the morning prayer exact time according to the methodology of mathematical calculations by astronomers of the early and late periods, and of the authoritative Muslim jurists (faqihs) as well.
Cluster approach to development of agricultural industry in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors:   Russian-Kyrgyz Development Found, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, Izmailov R.K.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Aim. The article discusses the situation, existing problems, development trends of agriculture in Kyrgyz Republic and proposes a cluster approach as a tool for development and efficiency boosting. Materials and Methods. In the process of considering the problems, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, genesis of new knowledge, methods of normative – legal analysis of strategic documents, methods of generalization, analogy and comparison of initial data were used. Results. In the process of transforming the country's economy, the Government contributed to the creation of institutions aimed at consolidating and supporting agricultural producers. However, in general, the country's agriculture is developing at a low rate and largely has low competitiveness. Conclusion. Measures aimed at supporting agricultural production in the process of economic transformation did not bring the expected results and exhausted themselves. This justifies the need to use other approaches, including the clustering of production. Key words: clusters, cluster theory, Kyrgyzstan, regions, agriculture, problems in the industry, trends in the industry, growth prospects, consolidation.
PENTINGNYA MENGETAHUI KEWAJIBAN SEBAGAI PERAWAT
Authors: riani alya tata
Published: October 2021

Perawat merupakan tenaga kesehatan yang paling banyak di Indonesia. Tenaga keperawatan yang melakukan tindakan keperawatan harus sesuai dengan kompetensi perawat yang sudah ditetapkan dan didapatkan selama proses pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, tanggung jawab hukum seorang perawat dalam menjalankan praktik mandiri keperawatan harus sesuai dengan standar pelayanan perawat, standar profesi, standar operasional dan kebutuhan kesehatan penerima pelayanan kesehatan. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus yang pernah terjadi.
Fear and Promise of the Unknown: How Losses Discourage and Promote Exploration
Authors: Chin Alycia , Hagmann David , Loewenstein George
Published: October 2021

Many situations involving exploration, such as businesses expanding into new products or locations, expose the explorer to the potential for subjective losses. How does the potential to experience losses during the course of a search affect individuals’ appetite for exploration? In three incentivized studies, we manipulate search outcomes by presenting participants either with a gain-only environment or a gain-loss environment. The two environments offer objectively identical incentives for exploration: using a framing manipulation, we decrease gain-loss payoffs and provide participants an initial endowment to offset the difference. Participants decide how to explore a one-dimensional space, receiving payoffs based on their location each period. We predict and find that participants are motivated to avoid losses, which increases exploration when they are incurring losses, but decreases exploration when they face the potential for losses. We conclude that exploration is driven by hope of potential gains, constrained by fear of potential losses, and motivated by avoidance of experienced losses.
Sand-capping stabilizes muddy sediment and improves benthic light conditions in eutrophic estuaries: laboratory verification and the potential for recovery of eelgrass (Zostera marina)
Authors: Flindt Mogens , Oncken Nele , Kuusemae Kadri , Lange Troels , Aaskoven Nicolaj , Winter Sonja , Sousa Ana , Rasmussen Erik , Canal-Verges Paula , Connolly Rod , Kristensen Erik
Published: October 2021

Decades of eutrophication have increased water turbidity in Danish estuaries and led to light limitation of eelgrass (Zostera marina) growth. Former eelgrass areas are now denuded and consist of organic-rich muddy sediment with frequent resuspension events that maintain a high turbidity state. In addition, low anchoring capacity of eelgrass in the soft organic-rich sediments has contributed to eelgrass loss. When navigation channels in Danish estuaries are dredged, large amounts (~100.000 m3) of sandy sediment are shipped to remote dumping sites. Instead, we suggest that the dredged sand is used to consolidate adjacent muddy areas. We demonstrate in the present study that capping of fluid muddy sediment with 10 cm of sand is feasible without any vertical mixing and that this marine restoration approach can significantly lower the magnitude and frequency of resuspension events. Erosion of suspended solids change from 5 g m-2 min-1 in muddy areas to about 0.2 g m-2 min-1 in sand-capped areas, implying that sand-capping can significantly improve light conditions. Moreover, erosion thresholds increase from about 10-12 cm s-1 for mud to 40 cm s-1 for sand-capped mud. In conclusion, improved benthic light and increased anchoring capacity by sand-capping, a marine restoration practice, has the potential to facilitate restoration of otherwise lost eelgrass habitats.
A distributed simulation study to investigate pedestrians’ head-turning behaviour when crossing in response to automated and human-driven vehicles displaying different braking patterns
Authors: Lyu Wei , Lee Yee Mun , Uzondu Chinebuli , Madigan Ruth , Goncalves Rafael , Garcia Jorge , Romano Richard , Merat Natasha
Published: October 2021

This distributed simulator study investigated pedestrians’ head-turning behaviour during a series of road crossings in a CAVE-based pedestrian simulator. Pedestrians were required to cross the road in front of an approaching vehicle, the kinematic behaviour of which was either programmed by the simulation to depict an automated vehicle (AV) or controlled by a human driver (HD), via a connected (hidden) desktop driving simulator. A within-participant experimental design was used with twenty-five pairs of participants (a pedestrian and a driver). For each trial, pedestrians had to decide whether to cross in front of the HD/AV, which was instructed (or programmed) to yield (or not) to the pedestrian. For the AV trials, two braking patterns were included: a hard-braking AV (AVHB, deceleration rate = 3.2 m/s2, stopping distance = 12 m from pedestrian) and soft-braking (AVSB, deceleration rate = 2.5 m/s2, stopping distance = 4 m from pedestrian). Pedestrians’ head-turning frequency and the change in head-turning angle, were calculated for each condition, both before a crossing was initiated, and during the actual road crossing. Results showed a significant increase in head-turning behaviour in the last 2 seconds before a crossing initiation in the yielding trials, in line with a ‘last-second check’ reported in observations of real-world crossings (Hassan, Geruschat, & Turano, 2005). The vehicle’s braking behaviour and stopping distance were the most important factors affecting pedestrians’ head-turning patterns during the crossing, with the least head-turning behaviour seen in the AVSB condition, compared with AVHB and HDB trials. This suggests that a closer stopping distance for the AV was associated with less confusion for the pedestrian, although this condition was also associated with the longest crossing initiation time. In contrast, the highest number of head-turnings were seen for the human-driven vehicle, which, on average, yielded about 40 m away from the participants, enabling a much faster crossing initiation. Overall, the shortest crossing initiation time (~ 1 sec) and highest head-turning behaviour were seen in the non-braking conditions, where participants crossed as quickly as the circumstances allowed. These results provide new insights about the use of VR simulators for understanding pedestrians’ crossing behaviour in response to different vehicle kinematics. They also extend our knowledge of pedestrian cues for the development of suitable sensors in future automated vehicles, which should help with providing a more seamless interaction between AVs and other road users in mixed traffic settings.
How do teachers facilitate mathematics learning in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic? A rapid review
Authors: Rafi Ibnu , Retnawati Heri , Apino Ezi , Rosyada Munaya Nikma
Published: October 2021

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic forces learning, including mathematics learning, to be carried out in online or distance mode. This situation is a challenge for teachers in facilitating mathematics learning because they are required to organize mathematics content and integrate it with certain learning technologies. In this article, we reviewed a total of 14 articles to describe how mathematics teacher in Indonesia facilitates online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on types of technology used and reasons for choosing the technology, strategies used in integrating the technology with certain learning models or methods, ways of facilitating online discussion to construct knowledge, and assessments conducted as well as effects of the online learning facilitated by the teacher. Some implications for policy and practices are also provided in this article for improvement of online mathematics learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and may also after the pandemic is over in which it is possible to combine online and offline learning.
Sugar Taxes: Why They are Needed and Where are They?
Authors: Finlay Evan
Published: October 2021

Sugar Taxes have become more prevalent, but their effectiveness is far from conclusive. This paper looks at the cause for the need for such taxes, where they have been used, and what factors may be contributing to their success or demise.
A Mixed Method Analysis of Burnout and Turnover Intentions Among Higher Education Professionals During COVID-19
Authors: Winfield Jake D. , Paris Joseph H.
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly and dramatically altered higher education including changes to the workplace. Many staff and faculty positions were eliminated while other employees experienced furloughs or reduced work hours. Our study examines the experiences of 1,080 higher education professionals serving in various functional roles during the COVID-19 pandemic from 830 institutions of higher education in the United States. We utilized an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design to examine quantitative and qualitative survey data from October 2020 to understand how jobs in higher education changed during the pandemic and how these changes were associated with an individual’s burnout and intention to leave higher education. Using multiple regression and thematic analysis and the job-demands and resources framework, we find that higher education professionals who experienced significant disruption in their work had increased odds of experiencing burnout. We also find that eliminating staff positions and significant levels of burnout were associated with increased intentions to leave their current profession in higher education. In open ended responses, higher education professionals described how increased job demands through decreased staff and increased workloads were not accompanied with increased resources, leading to burnout. These working conditions negatively affected participants’ personal lives, including their physical and mental health. We conclude with recommendations for research on working conditions in higher education in the pandemic-era and emphasize that institutional leaders should seek systemic changes to support employees.
Gdy azyl staje się więzieniem – przeciwdziałanie przemocy domowej w warunkach kwarantanny i izolacji
Authors: Bek Dominika , Sitarz Olga , Jaworska-Wieloch Anna
Published: October 2021

Jednym z podstawowych środków przeciwdziałania rozprzestrzenianiu się wielu chorób zakaźnych jest zachowanie dystansu wobec innych osób. Nie jest więc przypadkiem, że w dobie pandemii COVID-19 polski ustawodawca sięgnął po takie rozwiązania, jak: izolacja domowa chorych, kwarantanna osób mających kontakt z zarażonymi, ograniczenia w działalności instytucji skupiających wiele osób. Po podobne metody sięgano w innych krajach. Jednym z dramatyczniejszych skutków ubocznych zakazu opuszczania mieszkania jest narażenie osób odizolowanych na przemoc ze strony domowników. Równoczesne wstrzymanie aktywności instytucji pomocowych sprawia, że ofierze dużo trudniej uzyskać wsparcie. Tekst podejmuje problem prawnych i faktycznych środków przeciwdziałania przemocy domowej w warunkach separacji. Autorki poddają analizie polskie regulacje prawne – zarówno te wprowadzone na potrzeby przeciwdziałania przemocy w rodzinie, jak i te szczególne, związane ze zwalczaniem wirusa. Poszukują odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie środki okazują się skuteczne w walce z przemocą domową w ekstremalnym czasie pandemii. Dostrzegają jednak, że doświadczenia tego okresu mogą podnieść poziom ochrony ofiar przemocy w każdym czasie.
“We have an origin like water”: The Path towards Femininity in Eavan Boland’s The Journey
Authors: Kisiel Anna
Published: October 2021

Eavan Boland’s poem “The Journey” depicts the dream of a woman, who – just like Inanna, a Sumerian goddess – embarks on the eponymous journey into the underworld, guided by Sappho. At first, she sees nothing in the darkness, yet, having accustomed to it, she observes mothers and children in loving embraces: the image which is immediately disturbed by the female’s guide, who makes the persona realise that these people are the victims of an unspecified plague. At this moment, the woman, stricken with terror, notices the signs of sickness and death; among others, she sees infants being poisoned during breast feeding. Sappho stresses that the watched mothers have a lot in common with the speaker – they are all loving and caring, despite their occupation or status, but also despite the tragedy they participate in. In this feminine transfiguration of The Aeneid, the terrified lyrical subject expresses the wish to provide a testimony on their behalf; however, Sappho assures her that she is here precisely in order to gain this knowledge of her genesis. When the woman finally returns to reality, everything remains as it was, but she feels the difference nonetheless; she is deeply affected by the events she has seen.The aim of my paper is to analyse Eavan Boland’s take on the path towards femininity in the context of Bracha L. Ettinger’s matrixial theory. What Ettinger proposes is a supplement to Freudian-Lacanian approach, which makes it possible to conceive of a new, feminine-based, non-binary matrixial difference, grounded upon proximity, hospitality, and exchange instead of a set of separations and the male/female opposition. I will endeavour to prove that Ettingerian psychoanalysis and Boland’s piece, when combined, can unfold the potential of a matrixial journey towards becoming a woman, grounded upon such notions as compassion, fragility, wit(h)nessing, exchange, connectivity, and transsubjective experience, unthinkable from the Oedipal perspective.
Wojtyła’s Category of Participation and the Question of Common Good
Authors: Jasiński Karol
Published: October 2021

The author presents Wojtyła’s views on participation and its connections to the common good. The analysis consists of two parts. The first part outlines the concept of participation (coexistence and action together with other people in relation to the common good) and its various forms (solidarity and opposition, conformism and evasion). The second part presents views of the nature of common good found not only in liberal thought (common good as the expression of deliberation and the rights of the individual), and personalist thought (common good as the development of the person and its natural potentialities), but primarily in the work of Wojtyła himself (common good as personal self-fulfilment through coexistence and cooperation with others in relation to the conscience-discerned truth, elected in a free act). His reference point was also personalism, which stresses the inalienable dignity of the person in both the private and the social spheres of life.
Wilde about Wilde — The Translation of Oscar Wilde’s Salomé in Croatian Literature of the Early 20th Century
Authors: Medić Igor
Published: October 2021

The Irish writer Oscar Wilde was extremely popular in Croatian culture in the first decades of the 20th century. Although Croatian writers of that time generally did not read the original works of British authors but rather their translations, Wilde’s popularity in Germany and Vienna sparked interest in his works among the Croatian readership and spectatorship. This paper explores the translation of Wilde’s Salomé from German by Julije Benešić and Nikola Andrić, and the complex influence that this translation had on Croatian literature of early modernism, relying primarily on the interpretation of the same motif in the texts of young Fran Galović and Miroslav Krleža. The paper argues that the influence of Wilde’s aestheticism is visible not only in the adoption of typical motifs, characters, or atmosphere but also in the autonomous and self-reflective language play in Krleža’s texts.
Hałas lotniczy jako efekt funkcjonowania infrastruktury lotniskowej
Authors: Biskup-Grabowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

The development of civil aviation, and hence the increased use of airport infrastructure, leads to the exceeding of environmental noise standards. The subject of this article is to present the issues related to the possibility of introducing restrictions and bans to reduce noise generated at airports.
О некоторых особенностях терминов курортологии в русском и чешском языках
Authors: Nedomova Zdenka
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящена терминологии курортологии как области клинической медицины в аспекте языковых контактов и перевода. Специальные термины раздела курортологии – бальнеологии на материале русского языка описываются и анализируются с точки зрения особенностей их семантики, структуры, происхождения. Особо исследуются термины с так наз. аналитическими прилагательными. В статье отмечаются случаи терминологической синонимии и приводятся чешские термины разных структурных типов, являющиеся эквивалентами русских терминов. Исследование выполнено на основе сопоставительного анализа бальнеологических терминов в обоих языках.
Перевод русских субстандартных фразеологизмов на польский язык (на материале произведений Александры Марининой)
Authors: Wilk Gabriela
Published: October 2021

Настоящая статья посвящена избранным аспектам перевода на польский язык русских фразеологических единиц, находящихся за пределами литературной нормы. Материал для анализа был почерпнут из двух детективных романов Александры Марининой Реквием и Убийца поневоле и их переводов, выполненных Александрой Стронкой. В ходе анализа было выявлено, что субстандартные фразеологизмы Стронка чаще всего переводит при помощи устойчивых оборотов, основанных на ином образе, либо лексем, однако данные единицы нередко отличаются от единиц оригинала экспрессивной и стилистической окраской.
Wzajemne oddziaływanie ram modalnych w języku rosyjskim (Ludmiła Pietruszewska Номер Один, или В садах других возможностей)
Authors: Wrońska Monika Klaudia
Published: October 2021

Celem artykułu jest semantyczno-strukturalna charakterystyka wzajemnego oddziaływania ram modalnych w języku rosyjskim w powieści Ludmiły Pietruszewskiej Numer Jeden albo W ogrodach innych wariantów. Przedmiotem analizy były pozycje, jakie przyjmują względem siebie ramy modalne w zdaniu, zwrócono także uwagę na rodzaj podmiotu ram modalnych. Pokrótce zostały scharakteryzowane zagadnienia teoretyczne – kluczowe dla omawianego zagadnienia, a więc modus, dictum i rama modalna.
Расплескавшийся цветом. К.В. Душенко Красное и белое. Из истории политического языка: Сборник статей / РАН. ИНИОН. Москва: Центр гуманитарных научно-информационных исследований, 2018
Authors: Smirnov Ivan
Published: October 2021

This review presents the author's views on the book Red and White, which deals with the multivariance of color symbolism of the political language of revolutions in France and Russia. Writers' ideas about color political language of that historical period are reflected in their literary works. The characteristic features of white, red, black and blue colors, which carry an active visual call at all times, are highlighted and described. Conducting his own analysis of the identity of the color palette of the French tricolor and Russian tricolor flags, the author of the article is based on the principles of perception of color by representatives of various ethnic groups, based on the experience of processing external impressions and mentality.
Masthead and Table of Contents
Authors: Editors RIAS
Published: October 2021

Masthead and table of contents of the issue.
Four decades of Brazilian and international research on street children
Authors: Ursin Marit , Rizzini Irene
Published: October 2021

The last 40 years has yielded a vast body of literature on street children. In this article, we reflect on the knowledge accumulated by several generations of scholars and across two bodies of research. The article’s aim is twofold: 1) To conduct a meta-narrative review, mapping out the contours of Brazilian and Anglophone literature on street children since the 1980s until today. 2) To bridge these two bodies of literature through reflections on similarities and differences. In so doing, we identify some overall tendencies in which street children have been described, debated, and theorized and bridge the two bodies of literature that often remain separated.
OPTIMUM UNIT COMMITMENT SOLUTION OF A POWER SYSTEM BASED ON SALP SWARM ALGORITHM
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, A. Mahmood Marwan , A. Al-Anbarri Kassim ,   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: October 2021

This paper presents an algorithm to solve the unit commitment problem in a power system. The proposed algorithm employs the Salp swarm algorithm technique to search the optimum unit schedule for a particular daily demand pattern and specific time horizon. Different constraints are taken into consideration, transition cost (start-up and shut down )cost, mean-up time, mean-down time, spinning reserve, and power balance. The proposed algorithm is applied to 10-units and 26-unit. The obtained results are compared with other methods. It reveals the robustness of the proposed algorithm in terms of minimizing overall running costs.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors:   Electrical Engineering  Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, S. Hasan Saja , H. Miry Abbas ,   Electrical Engineering  Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, M. Salman Tariq ,   Electrical Engineering  Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: October 2021

Multiple atomic accidents urge for the development of radiation monitoring systems which has the capability to measure and display radiation level in the contaminated zones. This paper presents the design and implementation of such systems using Geiger Müller (GM) counter nuclear kit which can be used in any radiation contaminated area. GM counter transmits readings of radiation at fixed intervals to the Arduino microcontroller in real-time. This proposed system utilizes liquid crystal display (LCD) as an interface for displaying the information. This system is easy to use and modular. The experimental data and the obtained results shows that this proposed radiation monitoring system is feasible and efficient.
Mesin Pengiris Tempe Semi Otomatis Sistem Pisau Berputar Untuk Peningkatan Roduktivitas UMKM Keripik Tempe Ardani Malang
Authors: Wulandari Wahju , Pratama Bagus Wahyu , Yusuf Naila Aunika
Published: October 2021

Usaha Masyarakat Kecil Menengah (UMKM) salah satu usaha yang diharapkan dan dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat di Indonesia. Salah satu bisnis UMKM kripik tempe Ardani di Desa Purwantoro, Kecamatan Blimbing, Kota Malang. Keripik tempe diproduksi dengan memperhatikan kualitas bahan, cita rasa yang pas dan potongan tempe tipis. Standar potongan tempe yang relative sama membuat kripik tempe renyah dan lezat. Persoalannya UMKM Ardani dalam proses pengirisan tempe masih menggunakan manual dengan diiris pakai pisau biasa, sehingga hasil irisan tidak sama atau standar dan memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama. Pengabdian masyarakat yang dijalankan ini bertujuan untuk membuat mesin pengiris tempe otomatis; meningkatkan produksi kripik tempe; dan mengetahui  efesiensi  mesin  pengiris  tempe otomatis. Metode pelaksanaan dalam pembuatan mesin pengiris tempe otomatis yaitu merancang mesin pengiris kripik tempe, pemilihan komponen, analisis teknik meliputi analisa daya, torsi yang terjadi pada komponen mesin. Sumber penggerak mesin adalah motor listrik dengan putaran ± 1800  rpm, direduksi dan disesuaikan rpm nya menggunakan dimmer (pengatur kecepatan). Spesifikasi mesin yang telah direncanakan adalah bahan untuk pisaunya terbuat dari cakram yang berdiameter 150 mm dengan tebal 1 mm, ditempatkan ditengah slider yang mana slider ini digerakan ke kanan dan ke kiri secara manual. Dudukan slider dilengkapi dengan penahan belakang atau holder untuk penahan tempe yang akan di iris, dimodifikasi dan diatur agar ketebalan yang diperoleh sesuai yaitu 5 mm. Hasil mesin pengiris tempe otomatis dengan spesifikasi ukuran panjang 30 cm, lebar 50 cm, tinggi 20 cm mampu menghasilkan irisan 120 irisan/menit, jika dilakukan dengan cara manual hasil yang didapat 30 irisan/menit.
Pendampingan Digital Marketing Sebagai Strategi Pemasaran Usaha Budidaya Lele
Authors: Novianti Khusnul Rofida , Roz Kenny , Sa'diyah Chalimatuz
Published: October 2021

Since 2018, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries has encouraged people to increase fish consumption through the Fish Eating Community Movement (GEMARIKAN) program. One of the popular fisheries commodities and has high nutritional value is catfish. Unfortunately, the catfish farming business is not widely known and uses technology and good marketing strategies. For this reason, assistance is needed regarding digital marketing in the catfish cultivation business in Mulyoagung Village, Dau District, Malang Regency. The implementation of this activity is carried out in a combination of online and offline, creating Google My Business, as well as using digital marketing in the catfish cultivation business. The results of this activity are brands, Google My Business links, and several social media platforms that are used as marketing strategies whose development will continue to be monitored regularly
Pengabdian Masyarakat Pada Usaha Kecil Menengah Kerajinan Rotan Sintetis Di Kecamatan Singosari Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Puspitosarie Endah , Mulyani Alif Fidiyanti , Putri Azizati Arsita
Published: October 2021

Rotan sintetis merupakan salah satu bahan yang digunakan untuk kerajinan rotan terbuat dari plastik. Berbagai macam produk yang telah dihasilkan pengrajin rotan sintetis mitra pengabdian masyarakat ini, yaitu rak bawang, tempat tisu, tudung saji, dan rak tanaman. Mitra UMKM telah berusaha untuk mengembangkan produksinya dengan menambah variasi jenis dan desain produk. Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi mitra, diantaranya adalah masalah pemasaran dan manajemen keuangan. Sehingga pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini akan membuatkan katalog produk, promosi secara online menggunakan media online, dan peningkatan kualitas sistem pengelolaan keuangan untuk mitra.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Biji Pare Sebagai Pupuk Kompos Pada UKM Sabillah Pidia
Authors: Nugroho Yuni Agung
Published: October 2021

Perkembangnya sektor pertanian berdampak pada peningkatan kebutuhan semua sarana pertanian, termasuk pupuk. Harga pupuk kimia (biasanya pupuk anorganik) seringkali naik sehingga menjadi kurang terjangkau bagi petani, hal ini sering diikuti dengan tidak adanya  ketersediaan pupuk yang cukup. Padahal tanaman membutuhkan nutrisi yang cukup untuk tumbuh. Nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tanaman terdapat dalam bentuk unsur hara di dalam tanah. Pemupukan dilakukan untuk menambah ketersediaan unsur hara di dalam tanah. Karena pupuk mempunyai peran penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman, sehingga kelompok 6 Kuliah Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Widyagama Malang pada tahun 2021 periode kedua,  memilih   mengadakan pelatihan produksi pupuk organik dari limbah biji pare.  Manfaat  kompos atau pupuk organik adalah untuk memperbaiki kesuburan tanah secara kimia, fisika dan biologi dengan cara meningkatkan bahan organik tanah.
Examining Press Conference and Press Release Accounts of Canadian Police Shootings
Authors: Walby Kevin , Alabi Babatunde
Published: October 2021

Little research examines the communication work that public police do following police shootings. Based on an analysis of 85 press releases, press conferences, and media interviews after police shootings in Canada spanning 2010–2020, we analyse narrative techniques used in police communications. Contributing to literature on police image management, we examine patterns in these communications, and we also identify silences and absences. We argue police press conferences and press releases after police shootings are less oriented toward misinformation or agenda-setting and more toward risk aversion. Sixty-two percent of communications in our sample used “euphemisms,” which obfuscate elements of use of force, while 31% of communications were “silent” and provided no justification for or information on the shootings. For these reasons, these communications may contribute to a sense of injustice felt by families of the victims of police shootings. Our findings may give pause to police administrators and media liaison officers who should consider what message such risk-averse communications send to families of victims, as well as to the public. In conclusion, we reflect on what these findings mean for literature on police image management.
The Poetics of Tajik Cinema
Authors: Arabova Sharofat
Published: October 2021

This study aims to examine the poetics of the representation of Muslim culture, and, more generally, the worldview portrayed in a number of prominent Tajik films of both the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, and thus to determine the trends affecting the development of Tajik cinema in the early twenty-first century. With examples from selected films, cultural practices, and theatrical forms and traditions, the author distinguishes the salient features of the cinema of Tajikistan, including social normativity, spiritual escapism, the edifying nature of the films, and the thematic restriction meant to preserve traditional Muslim values.