bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMAS NA EDUCAÇÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA? REFLEXÕES SOBRE O CAPITALISMO E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES AO CURRÍCULO ESCOLAR
Authors: Pedroso Bruns Juliana , Baade Joel Haroldo
Published: June 2019

Este artigo objetiva realizar uma análise reflexiva acerca do modo de produção capitalista e como a organização curricular e as práticas educacionais vivenciadas nas escolas estão intimamente relacionadas com essa lógica. Considerando a importância de organizar uma proposta curricular que propicie a emancipação de sujeitos críticos e autônomos, diferente das concepções impostas pelo sistema capitalista. Para alcançar este objetivo realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico e exploratório. Para tal, utilizou-se de teóricos como Mészáros e Karl Marx, que dialogam sobre o capitalismo e suas consequências para a sociedade nas últimas décadas, apresentando uma contribuição singular sobre o papel da educação na construção de um outro mundo possível, já que o grande desafio que se impõe é o de se constituir uma educação que realize as transformações políticas, econômicas, culturais e sociais necessárias, capazes de romper com a lógica alienante do capital.

Palavras-chave: Capitalismo. Contemporaneidade. Currículo escolar.

 

ABSTRACT

This article aims to carry out a reflexive analysis about the capitalist mode of production and how the curricular organization and the educational practices lived in the schools are closely related to this logic. Considering the importance of organizing a curricular proposal that favors the emancipation of critical and autonomous subjects, different from the conceptions imposed by the capitalist system. To achieve this goal a qualitative bibliographic research was carried out. For that, we used theorists such as Mészáros and Karl Marx who talk about capitalism and its consequences for society in the last decades, presenting us with a singular contribution on the role of education in the construction of another possible world, since the The great challenge that must be faced is to create an education that will bring about the necessary political, economic, cultural and social transformations that are capable of breaking with the alienating logic of capital.

Keywords: Capitalism. Contemporaneity. School curriculum.
KAMUOYUNA YANSIMASI ÇERÇEVESİNDE MUSTAFA KEMAL’İN ADININ TANINMASI VE 1919’A GELİŞTE MUSTAFA KEMAL
Authors: Elmacı M.Emin
Published: June 2019

Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), 19
Mayıs 1919 tarihinde Samsun’a yola çıktığında kamuoyu tarafından bilinen ve
tanınan bir kişiydi. O’nun kamuoyunda tanınmasının ilk aşaması da Trablusgarp
Savaşı’ndaki yerli ve yabancı basında çıkan fotoğrafları ve adından söz
edilmesidir. Bizim için değerli olan konu, bugün herkesin bildiği bu
fotoğrafların ve haberlerinin ilk ne zaman ve nerede yayımlandığının ortaya
çıkartılmasıdır. Bu makalemizde; öncelikle Trablusgarp Savaşı sırasında yeni
bulduğumuz bulgularla Mustafa Kemal’den söz eden bilinen ilk fotoğrafı ve ondan
söz eden ilk haber bilim dünyasına tanıtılacaktır. Sonuçta ise; 13 Kasım 1918
tarihinde İstanbul’a gelişi sırasında basında Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile ilgili
bulabildiğimiz örnekler çerçevesinde kamuoyunda adının nasıl geçtiği
gösterilecektir. Samsun’a çıkışı öncesinde Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın Vahdettin ile
selamlık görüşmeleri ve gazetelere verdiği mülakatlar üzerinden de kamuoyunda
tanınmış bir kişi olduğu ortaya konulacaktır.
Paeonia Türlerinin Antibakteriyal Aktivitesi
Authors: Semerci Alican Bahadır , TUNÇ Kenan , İNCEÇAYIR Dilek , MAMMADOVA Vusale
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmada Paeonia
peregrina ve Paeonia mascula subsp. mascula
ve Paeonia tenuifolia’nın
antibakteriyal aktivitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye’de geniş
yayılış alanlarına sahip Paeonia türleri
Yalova Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü’nden temin
edilmiştir. Kök ve yapraklarından metanol, etanol, aseton, hekzan çözücüleri
kullanılarak ekstraktlar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen ekstraktların Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Enterecoccus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228
ve Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028
suşları üzerine disk difüzyon yöntemi ile antibakteriyal etkileri
incelenmiştir. Paeonia türlerinin yaprak
ekstraktlarında en iyi çözücünün aseton olduğu ve Paeonia peregrina aseton ile hazırlanan ekstraktın S. aureus bakterisi üzerinde 17,3 mm
inhibisyon zonu oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Paeonia
türleri içerdiği etken maddelerin patojenlerin neden olduğu hastalıkların
tedavisinde bazı sentetik antibiyotiklere alternatif olarak kullanılabileceğini
göstermiştir
Her $\delta-$ Eşatomik Genişlemede $\delta-$ Tümleyene Sahip Modüller
Authors: ERYILMAZ Figen
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmada,
Zöschinger’ in  ve  özelliklerinden uyarlanan  ve  özelliklerine sahip modüller çalışılmıştır.
Eğer  her  eşatomik
genişlemesinde (yani  eşatomik) bir tümleyene (sırasıyla
bol tümleyene) sahip ise  modülüne modül (sırasıyla modül) denir. modülün her direkt
toplam teriminin modül olduğu ve modülün her alt
modülünün de modül olduğu
ispatlanmıştır. Eğer  sol mükemmel halka ise,
her sol modülün modül olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Ayrıca sol kalıtsal halka üzerindeki eşatomik,modülün bölüm
modülünün de modül olduğu
ispatlanmıştır.
Combustion properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) wood impregnated with boron compound doped colophony
Authors: KESKİN Hakan , ASCI Taner
Published: June 2019

The aim of
this study was to investigate the combustion properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) wood
impregnated with boron compound (borax (Na2B4O710H2O),
boric acid (H3BO3) w/w
50:50%) doped colophony (C19H29COOH). For this aim, Scots
pine wood samples were impregnated with boron compound doped colophony by the
method of medium-term dipping according to ASTM D 1413 and producers’
definition. Combustion properties of samples after impregnated process were
determined according to ASTM E 160. As a part of the research, 6 different
combination and contents of impregnation materials have been used in order to
especially investigate resistance against combustion of wood material treated
with boron compounds in different concentrations. Consequently, retention
performance and leaching resistance of boron compounds can be increased through
colophony addition. Impregnation materials with colophony decreased the flame
sourced combustion (Fsc) temperatures depending on kind of impregnation
material, combustion period and weight loss ratio of the test samples decreased
in comparison to the control samples. Colophony can be preferred in
impregnation with boron compounds depending on kind of wood and using area.
Mobilya üretimi yapan küçük ölçekli işletmelerin iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine yönelik algı düzeylerinin incelenmesi: Bilecik ili örneği
Authors: UĞUZ Mustafa , AKSOY Eyüp , KESKİN Hakan
Published: June 2019

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği, kişinin en temel hakkı olan yaşam
hakkının devam ettirilebilmesi bakımından bireyin çalışma ortamında bulunan
riskler ile güvensiz durum ve davranışlardan korunmasına yönelik faaliyetleri
kapsamaktadır. Büyük riskler barındıran mobilya imalatı sektöründe, literatüre
bakıldığında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği bakımından yeterli düzeyde çalışma
yapılmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, mobilya üretiminde görev alan
kişilerin çalıştıkları iş yerlerinde uygulanan iş sağlığı ve güvenliği çalışmalarının
ne düzeyde olduğu ve bunlara yönelik çözümlerin neler olabileceği konusu
incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda; Bilecik ilindeki mobilya üretimi yapan küçük
ölçekli iş yerlerinde çalışan kişilerin, maruz kaldığı iş kazaları ile bu
kazalara bakış açılarının ve çalışmakta oldukları iş yerlerinde iş sağlığı ve
güvenliği açısından yapılan faaliyetlerin yeterlilik düzeylerinin belirlenip;
bunların çözümüne yönelik önerilerin oluşturulmasının amaçlandığı bu
çalışmadaki veriler, çalışanlara uygulanan anket çalışması ile elde edilmiştir.
Çalışma sonucunda; iş kazalarının önlenmesi ya da azaltılması için iş yerlerinde
alınan önlemler ile uyarı işaret ve levhalarının çalışanları kısmen koruduğu;
güvenli çalışma kılavuzu ve çalışma talimatlarının çalışanı yeterince
koruyamadığı; yangın, acil durum ve ilk yardım ile ilgili alınan önlemlerin
yeterli düzeyde olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
MDFLAM üretiminde pres kütle sıcaklık farkının düzlemden sapma üzerine etkisi
Authors: ÖNEM Bulut , KAYMAKCI Alperen
Published: June 2019

MDFLAM, melamin reçinesi
emdirilmiş dekor kâğıtlarının MDF tabakalarına sıcaklık ve basınç altında
birleştirilmesiyle elde edilen malzeme grubudur. MDFLAM üretimi müşteri talebi
ve kullanım yeri özelliğine bağlı olarak levhanın her iki yüzünün veya tek bir
yüzünün kaplanması ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bir yüzü kaplı diğer yüzü ham
olan MDFLAM’larda sıklıkla görülen problemlerden biri de levhanın düzlemden
sapma (dönme) eğilimi göstermesidir. Bu durum MDFLAM’lara uygulanan son
işlemelerde birtakım problemler oluşmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Bu çalışmanın
amacı, pres kütle sıcaklık farkının tek yüzü kaplanmış MDF’lerin düzlemden
sapma değeri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Bu bağlamda, lif levha üretimi
Çamsan Ordu MDF tesislerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Levhanın düzlemden sapma
miktarı üzerine pres kütle sıcaklık farkının etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla
işlemlerde farklı sıcaklık parametreleri kullanılmıştır. Düzlemden sapma testi
öncesinde, deneme levhaları 20 ± 2ºC ve %
65 ± 5 bağıl nem koşullarında  %12
rutubet miktarına ulaşıncaya kadar bekletilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda en uygun
sonuçların melamin kaplama presi kütle sıcaklık farkının 25°C olduğu gruplarda
tespit edildiği görülmüştür.
English Learning Using Pronouncing the Rhyme Method
Authors: Rejeki Sari , Suharyati Henny
Published: June 2019

The study aims to seek the kinds of phonological interference in the English pronounciation of teachers of North Bogor PAUD. The study is a descriptive qualitative research where data is collected by recordings, transcribing and identifying pronunciation difficulties. Based on the findings, factors such as intereference, the differences in the sound system in the two languages affect the teachers pronunciation. It is evident in the data the teachers of PAUD experienced difficulties in pronouncing the consonant phonemes /p/, /k/, /g/, /d/, /s/, //, and the vowel phonemes /?/, //. Diphthongs and stress are also a source of constraint. Keywords: interference, phonemes, diphthongs.
THE EFFECT OF USING THE PROJECT BASED LEARNING MODEL ON PROCESS SKILLS AND SCIENCE LITERATION SKILLS
Authors: Tias Ika W. Utamining , Octaviani Srikandi
Published: June 2019

This research is motivated by the learning process carried out in class V of SD Negeri 8 Metro Timur, SD Negeri 1 Metro Barat, SD Negeri 1 Metro Utara dan SD Negeri 5 Metro Pusat. The implementation of the learning process carried out by teachers who generally still use conventional learning methods and models that are only fixated on books and more teacher-centered, students listen to explanations from the teacher, take notes, memorize information and work on problems. practice questions rather than doing practical activities through experiments or experiments. As a result, the learning process becomes less attractive and seems monotonous because students tend to be passive and less participatory in learning activities. Teachers lack innovation in the use of active and innovative methods or learning models that are more student centered. That is, learning that provides more opportunities for students to construct independently the process of understanding material through a more active learning process through search activities and problem solving. In response to this, researchers conduct learning using a project based learning learning model with the aim of improving students' science process skills and scientific literacy skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of the PjBL model on process skills and scientific literacy skills. The type of this study is quasi-experimental research using the design of nonequivalent groups pre test-post test from Fraenkel and Wallen. The design of nonequivalent groups pre test - post test was started by setting the experimental group and the control group, then doing the pre test, followed by giving treatment to the two classes and ending with a post test. The subjects in this study were fifth grade elementary school students in Metro City. Data collection techniques in the form of tests. The research instrument is a spatial literacy test sheet. Data were analyzed using normality test and Mann Whitney test. The results of this study indicate that the PjBL model can improve science process skills and higher scientific literacy skills compared to groups of students who get conventional learning. Keywords: skills of science literacy, skills of science process, elementary students.
POTENSI DAYA TARIK WISATA KABUPATEN DOMPU PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Kurniansah Rizal , Wirawan I Gusti Ngurah Putu Dedy
Published: June 2019

Kabupaten Dompu memiliki data tarik wisata unggulan yang mampu menarik kunjungan wisatawan salah satunya adalah pantai lakey hu’u. Adanya pantai ini membuat Kabupaten Dompu dapat dikenal oleh masyarakat local maupun mancanegara. Keberadaan pantai lakey hu’u tersebut belum cukup untuk meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan di Dompu yang terus menurun disetiap tahunnya. untuk itu, diperlukan adanya daya tarik wisata lain untuk memberikan banyak pilihan bagi para wisatawan sehingga diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan di Kabupaten Dompu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang potensi daya tarik wisata Kabupaten Dompu. Jenis data yaitu data kualitatif, sumber data yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa potensi daya tarik wisata Kabupaten Dompu telah tersedia dan memiliki keragaman mulai dari daya tarik wisata alam, budaya dan daya tarik wisata buatan. Daya tarik wisata tersebut antara lain: Pantai Lakey Hu’u, Pulau Satonda, Pulau Nisa Pudu, Air Terjun Panca Saneo, Gunung Tambura, Bukit Matompo, Nanga Tumpu, Padang Savana Doro Ncanga, Air Terjun Di Sori Oi Marai, Air Terjun Dewi Penasaran Pekat, Air Terjun Kancira Hu'u, Air Terjun Ncanga Tolu Ranggo, Pantai Hodo, Pantai Lasi, Pantai Ria, Pantai Soro Dan Kolam Renang Madaprama, Tari Wura Bongi Monca, Tari Hadrah, Tari Kadanda, Tari Sampela Ma Rimpu Dan Lomba Pacoa Jara (Lomba Pacuan Kuda). Untuk memaksimalkan pengembangan daya tarik wisata yang ada di kabupaten dompu, perlu adanya sebuah komitmen dari para stakeholder seperti pemerintah daerah, swasta dan masyarakat untuk mengembangkan daya tarik wisata di kabupaten dompu yaitu dengan cara: menyediakan fasilitas pendukung di setiap lokasi daya tarik wisata, mebuat akses jalan yang baik, memanfaatkan sumber daya pariwisata yang ada untuk dikembangkan, membuat regulasi terkait larangan kepada masyarakat agar tidak mebabat hutan khususnya hutan di sekitar daya tarik wisata, serta meningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang kompeten di bidang pariwisata
EFEKTIFITAS PERILKU HIDUP SEHAT DAN BERSIH PADA KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT BERISIKO DALAM PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH
Authors: Srigede Lalu , Zaetun Siti , Kristinawati Erna
Published: June 2019

Bladder infections are an inflammation that occurs in the bladder. Bladder infections are commonly caused by bacteria. Compared with men, women are more likely to have bladder infections. Masaah to be solved is a picture of urinary tract infections in the community at risk (CSW) around the area of Senggigi and how the public insight about healthy and clean living behavior in the prevention of urinary tract infections in the community at risk (PSK)? Purpose: Pengabmas aims to Improve public understanding about the picture of urinary tract infection at risk society by looking at result of examination of patient's urine (PSK). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Result : Gram average result of basil (-) as many as 9 people, Coccus (-) as many as 4 people and the rest (2 people) with the results of Diplo Basil (-). On examination of culture showed results of Nesseria gonore positive as many as 5 people, Pseudomonas 1 person and E coli as many as 9 people. This implies that most prostitutes are infected / infected by the urinary tract by germs that endanger the sex of the sex workers. The results obtained are reported to PKM Meninting for follow-up. It is recommended for more targeted personnel to evaluate and monitor the condition of CSWs in the field.
Effects of the Cash Incentive Implementation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program on Family Attendance to Health Consultations, School and Family Development Sessions in an Urban Community Setting
Authors: Pasuelo Allan Rod S.
Published: June 2019

Aim: The study determined the effects of the cash incentive implementation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in terms of family attendance to health consultations, school and family development sessions in an urban community.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Filipino families with a total sample size of 124. An assisted interview was done and the data were analyzed using Stata 14. Results: Among 124 respondents, seventy percent were housewives, 35 finished secondary education with median income of 400 pesos ($7) daily. Out of 381 pregnancies, there were 342 and 39 pregnancies before and after implementation. All pre and post-natal check-ups attended by a physician. Childbirth were in secondary and tertiary health care facilities. Preventive health check-ups for children were reported only in 45 children aged zero to five years old. Deworming were received twice a year by 261/264 children 6-14 years old. There were 96% enrolled in school for the academic year 2018-2019 and 92% receive elementary education. Family development sessions
included topics of wide variety.
Conclusion: Overall, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries were compliant with
conditionalities of the cash transfers. Mothers were seen and giving birth in health care facilities while children are receiving preventive medical care and education.
Keywords: preventive health services, health promotion, cash incentive plans, Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, Philippines
Complementary and Alternative Therapy Usage Status and Attitudes of Hypertension Patients
Authors: Gokce Hilal , Pasli Gurdogan Eylem
Published: June 2019

Aim: With the increase in chronic diseases, the number of patients using complementary and alternative medicine is increasing. In this study, it was aimed to examine the opinions and practices of complementary and alternative therapy usage status and attitudes of hypertension patients.
Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study consisting of 290 patients was performed with patients who applied to the cardiology and internal diseases outpatient clinic of a public hospital and diagnosed with hypertension. Data were collected by using the patient information form which including socio-demographic form, disease-related characteristics and opinions, and also practices of the patients about the use of complementary and alternative therapies and attitudes towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Scale.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 61.52±11.19 and 63.1% were female, 83.4% were married, and 74.8% were at primary school and lower education level. Of patients, 56.9% use complementary and alternative treatment methods in addition to hypertension therapy. 27.3% of them think that they are more effective than drugs, 63% of them do not share the method they use with health care workers. The total score of the Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Scale is 23.05±5.80. The scores are taken out of the scale and the sub-dimensions differ according to the age groups, education level, monthly income status and complementary and alternative treatment methods usage status (p <0.05).
Conclusion: It was found that patients use complementary and alternative methods but do not share them with health care workers, and they have a positive attitude towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine. It is considered important for health care professionals to question the use of these methods in planning the patients’ treatment.
Health Services Accessibility And Expectations of Disabled People
Authors: Arca Muhammed , Saka Günay
Published: June 2019

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the distribution of disability types, treatment and rehabilitation needs, utilization of the basic services provided, and determination of expectations of disabled persons.
Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in Hazro district of Diyarbakır. Of the 1069 individuals screened by a cross-sectional study, 148 disabled individuals were identified. A face-to-face meeting was provided with the families of these disabled individuals. The demographic characteristics of the disabled person, information on the types of disability, the use of health services and the questionnaire form which asks the expectation status were used.
Results: The prevalence of disability was 13.8%. 51.3% of the disabled were male, 48.2% were not literate and 16.7% did not have any social security. It was determined that 37.8% of people with disabilities did not receive treatment for their disability and 98.0% did not benefit from rehabilitation services. It was found that 70.9% of the disabled did not receive education, 60.1% of them did not know about vocational and skill courses and 51.4% of them could not benefit from public transportation services. Families stated that, the disabled people do not go to any institution or rehabilitation center with 44.8% because of absence in the close environment; 26.9% stated that they do not know if there is any. It was found that the most important expectation of 50% of disabled people and their families from institutions and organizations is to provide health services easily.
Conclusion: Disabled persons have difficulty in accessing health services and cannot benefit from rehabilitation services. Basic services such as education, vocational courses and public transport are also insufficient. In this sense, health and social service institutions have important duties.
Modeling, Identification, and Control of a Discrete Variable Stiffness Actuator (DVSA)
Authors: Hussain Irfan , Albalasie Ahmad , Awad Mohammad I. , Gan Dongming
Published: June 2019

A branch of robotics, variable impedance actuation, along with one of its subfields variable stiffness actuation (VSA) targets the realization of complaint robotic manipulators. In this paper, we present the modeling, identification, and control of a discrete variable stiffness actuator (DVSA), which will be developed for complaint manipulators in the future. The working principle of the actuator depends on the involvement of series and parallel springs. We firstly report the conceptual design of a stiffness varying mechanism, and later the details of the dynamic model, system identification, and control techniques are presented. The dynamic parameters of the system are identified by using the logarithmic decrement algorithm, while the control schemes are based on linear quadratic control (LQR) and computed torque control (CTC), respectively. The numerical simulations are performed for the evaluation of each method, and results showed the good potentialities for the system. Future work includes the implementation of the presented approach on the hardware.
Slaughter of Pregnant Cattle in Denmark: Prevalence, Gestational Age, and Reasons
Authors: Nielsen Søren Saxmose , Sandøe Peter , Kjølsted Stine Ulrich , Agerholm Jørgen Steen
Published: June 2019

The slaughter of pregnant cattle gives rise to ethical controversy. We estimated the prevalence of pregnant cattle, elucidated the reasons for their slaughter, and in light of our findings, discussed the ethics of sending pregnant cattle for slaughter. Among 825 female cattle >353 days of age admitted to a Danish abattoir, 187 (23%) were found to be pregnant. There was no apparent difference in the proportion of pregnant animals between dairy and non-dairy cattle. “Health”-related slaughter was most frequent in dairy herds (70%), whereas “production”-related slaughter was most frequent in non-dairy herds (63%). While many farmers considered it unethical to slaughter pregnant cows without a good reason for doing so, many dairy farmers identified animal welfare as an important parameter in the decision, which was typically when the general condition of the cow or heifer would make it difficult for her to pass through calving and subsequent lactation. The many pregnant animals sent for slaughter were often the result of deliberate choices. Non-dairy farmers often kept a bull with their female cattle, and in many instances, this resulted in the mating of cattle intended for slaughter. Although considered ethically problematic by many dairy farmers, the slaughter of pregnant dairy cattle was often considered better for the cow compared to a stressful lactation period.
Promises and Challenges of Microalgal Antioxidant Production
Authors: Sansone Clementina , Brunet Christophe
Published: June 2019

The exploration of natural antioxidants for nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals industries has recently increased. This communication aims to grasp the relevance of microalgae in the panorama of natural antioxidant molecules supply to industrial applications as alternatives and/or complements to those typically used from higher plants. Microalgal richness in antioxidant compounds and scavenging ability compared to higher plants is discussed in the context of microalgal biodiversity. We mainly focus on families of powerful antioxidant compounds that have been scarcely investigated in microalgae, such as phenolic compounds, sterols, or vitamins, discussing the promise and challenges of microalgae as providers of health benefits, for instance, through their use as functional food ingredients.
Stochastic Natural Frequency Analysis of Composite Structures Based on Micro-Scale and Meso-Scale Uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Shufeng , Chen Xun
Published: June 2019

Composite structure often shows undesirably significant uncertainty in its mechanical properties, which may consequently result into large stochastic variation of its natural frequency. This study provides stochastic natural frequency analysis of typical composite structures based on micro-scale (constituent-scale) and meso-scale (ply-scale) uncertainty. Uncertainty propagation across micro-scale and meso-scale is investigated. Response surface method (RSM) based on finite element modeling is employed to obtain approximate natural frequency of structures with complex shape or boundary conditions, and mean value and standard deviation of natural frequency of composite plate and cylindrical shell are derived. Differences in natural frequency statistics of composite plates and cylindrical shells derived by considering uncertainty at different scales are quantified and discussed. Significant statistical correlation between ply elastic properties and ply density is observed, and the statistical correlation is demonstrated to lay great influence on the statistics of structure natural frequency.
Characterisation of the Material and Mechanical Properties of Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers with a Plan-View Trapezoidal Geometry
Authors: Slattery Ashley D. , Blanch Adam J. , Shearer Cameron J. , Stapleton Andrew J. , Goreham Renee V. , Harmer Sarah L. , Quinton Jamie S. , Gibson Christopher T.
Published: June 2019

Cantilever devices have found applications in numerous scientific fields and instruments, including the atomic force microscope (AFM), and as sensors to detect a wide range of chemical and biological species. The mechanical properties, in particular, the spring constant of these devices is crucial when quantifying adhesive forces, material properties of surfaces, and in determining deposited mass for sensing applications. A key component in the spring constant of a cantilever is the plan-view shape. In recent years, the trapezoidal plan-view shape has become available since it offers certain advantages to fast-scanning AFM and can improve sensor performance in fluid environments. Euler beam equations relating cantilever stiffness to the cantilever dimensions and Young’s modulus have been proven useful and are used extensively to model cantilever mechanical behaviour and calibrate the spring constant. In this work, we derive a simple correction factor to the Euler beam equation for a beam-shaped cantilever that is applicable to any cantilever with a trapezoidal plan-view shape. This correction factor is based upon previous analytical work and simplifies the application of the previous researchers formula. A correction factor to the spring constant of an AFM cantilever is also required to calculate the torque produced by the tip when it contacts the sample surface, which is also dependent on the plan-view shape. In this work, we also derive a simple expression for the torque for triangular plan-view shaped cantilevers and show that for the current generation of trapezoidal plan-view shaped AFM cantilevers, this will be a good approximation. We shall apply both these correction factors to determine Young’s modulus for a range of trapezoidal-shaped AFM cantilevers, which are specially designed for fast-scanning. These types of AFM probes are much smaller in size when compared to standard AFM probes. In the process of analysing the mechanical properties of these cantilevers, important insights are also gained into their spring constant calibration and dimensional factors that contribute to the variability in their spring constant.
Influence of the Thermal Insulation Type and Thickness on the Structure Mechanical Response Under Fire Conditions
Authors: Kubicka Katarzyna , Pawlak Urszula , Radoń Urszula
Published: June 2019

The concept of fire safety covers an extremely vast scope of issues. To ensure an adequate fire safety level, it is necessary to combine research and actions in several fields, such as the mathematical, physical, or numerical modelling of a fire phenomenon. Another problem is to design different types of fire protection, including alarm systems, sprinkler systems, and also roads and evacuation systems, in a manner that ensures maximum safety for the building’s users. A vital issue is the analysis of the static-strength response of the structure under fire conditions. This study, concerned with such analyses, is limited to steel truss structures. In technical approvals, manufacturers of fire-proofing materials do not account for the character of the performance of individual structural members. The components in compression need thicker insulation than those in tension. This phenomenon is related to the fact that under fire conditions, the flexural buckling coefficient in compressed members is abruptly reduced with an increase in temperature. In turn, this increase in temperature leads to a fast reduction in resistance. In addition, members in tension have much higher resistance than those in compression in the basic design situation, i.e., at the instant of t = 0 min. Consequently, even a considerable decrease in the resistance of tension members is not as dangerous as that of compression members. Therefore, due to the nature of the performance of individual elements, fire-proofing insulation of every steel structure should be computationally verified. Additionally, in this paper, the influence of the type of fire insulation on the mechanical response of the structure was investigated. Calculations were carried out for different types of sprayed-on insulation, and also for contour and box insulation panels. The graphs show the behaviour of the elastic modulus, the yield point, and the resistance of the elements in the successive minutes of the fire for the different methods of fire protection used. The best results were obtained for vermiculite and gypsum spray.
Investigating the Effect of Different Meteorological Conditions on MAX-DOAS Observations of NO2 and CHOCHO in Hefei, China
Authors: Javed Zeeshan , Liu Cheng , Ullah Kalim , Tan Wei , Xing Chengzhi , Liu Haoran
Published: June 2019

In this work, a ground-based remote sensing instrument was used for observation of the trace gases NO2 and CHOCHO in Hefei, China. Excessive development and rapid economic growth over the years have resulted in the compromising of air quality in this city, with haze being the most prominent environmental problem. This is first study covering observation of CHOCHO in Hefei (31.783° N, 117.201° E). The observation period of this study, i.e., July 2018 to December 2018, is divided into three different categories: (1) clear days, (2) haze days, and (3) severe haze days. The quality of the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) fit for both CHOCHO and NO2 was low during severe haze days due to a reduced signal to noise ratio. NO2 and CHOCHO showed positive correlations with PM2.5, producing R values of 0.95 and 0.98, respectively. NO2 showed strong negative correlations with visibility and air temperature, obtaining R values of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. CHOCHO also exhibited strong negative correlations with temperature and visibility, displaying R values of 0.83 and 0.91, respectively. The average concentration of NO2, CHOCHO, and PM2.5 during haze days was larger compared to that of clear days. Diurnal variation of both CHOCHO and NO2 showed a significant decreasing trend in the afternoons during clear days due to photolysis, while during haze days these two gases started to accumulate as their residence time increases in the absence of photolysis. There was no prominent weekly cycle for both trace gases.
EMG-Based Characterization of Walking Asymmetry in Children with Mild Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Di Nardo Francesco , Strazza Annachiara , Mengarelli Alessandro , Cardarelli Stefano , Tigrini Andrea , Verdini Federica , Nascimbeni Alberto , Agostini Valentina , Knaflitz Marco , Fioretti Sandro
Published: June 2019

Hemiplegia is a neurological disorder that is often detected in children with cerebral palsy. Although many studies have investigated muscular activity in hemiplegic legs, few EMG-based findings focused on unaffected limb. This study aimed to quantify the asymmetric behavior of lower-limb-muscle recruitment during walking in mild-hemiplegic children from surface-EMG and foot-floor contact features. sEMG signals from tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius lateralis and foot-floor contact data during walking were analyzed in 16 hemiplegic children classified as W1 according to Winter’ scale, and in 100 control children. Statistical gait analysis, a methodology achieving a statistical characterization of gait by averaging surface-EMG-based features, was performed. Results, achieved in hundreds of strides for each child, indicated that in the hemiplegic side with respect to the non-hemiplegic side, W1 children showed a statistically significant: decreased number of strides with normal foot-floor contact; decreased stance-phase length and initial-contact sub-phase; curtailed, less frequent TA activity in terminal swing and a lack of TA activity at heel-strike. The acknowledged impairment of anti-phase eccentric control of dorsiflexors was confirmed in the hemiplegic side, but not in the contralateral side. However, a modified foot-floor contact pattern is evinced also in the contralateral side, probably to make up for balance requirements.
Effect of a Mental Stimulation Program of Computer and Internet Learning on Cognitive Functions and Wellbeing in Older Community-Dwelling Mexicans
Authors: Sánchez-Nieto José Miguel , Martínez-Maldonado María de la Luz , Montero-López Lena María , Mendoza-Núñez Víctor Manuel
Published: June 2019

Background: It has been reported that Mental Stimulation (MS) has a positive effect on cognitive functions and wellbeing. In this sense, different training activities have been proposed for MS such as theater, learning a new language, playing a musical instrument and computing, however, there are few studies on older adults in Latin American countries. For this reason, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a mental stimulation program (MSP) of computer and Internet learning on cognitive functions and wellbeing in older community-dwelling Mexicans. Method: A quasi-experimental pilot study was carried out in a convenience sample of 27 adults aged 60 to 69 years, without knowledge of the use of computers and Internet, without chronic non-communicable diseases, depression or cognitive impairment. Two groups were formed: (i) experimental (EG), n = 16 and (ii) control (CG), n = 11. The EG participated in an MSP in which 20 theoretical/practical sessions of two hours each were given, two times a week, on computer and Internet. The CG did not participate in any scheduled activity. All participants were measured before and after the intervention program in processing speed (PS), cognitive inhibition (CI), working and episodicmemory (WM and EM), visuospatial processing (VP), life satisfaction (LS) and positive and negative emotions (PE and NE). Results: After participation in the MSP, the EG showed significantly higher scores on the EM and VP tests compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an MSP of computer and Internet learning improves episodicmemory and visuospatial processing in older community-dwelling Mexicans.
Snakes Elaphe Radiata May Acquire Awareness of Their Body Limits When Trying to Hide in a Shelter
Authors: Khvatov Ivan A. , Sokolov Alexey Yu. , Kharitonov Alexander N.
Published: June 2019

Body awareness was studied experimentally in the rat snakes Elaphe radiata. The experimental design required that the snakes take into account the limits of their bodies when choosing a suitable hole for penetration into the shelter. The experimental setup consisted of two compartments, a launch chamber and a shelter, separated by a partition with openings of different diameters. The diameters of the holes and/or their position in the partition were changeable. The subjects were 20 snakes divided into two groups, for one of which only the locations of the holes varied; for another, both the location of the holes and the limits of the body varied. The body was increased by feeding the snakes. In the course of the first three experimental series the snakes formed the skill of taking into account the body limits, which manifested in the reduced number of unsuccessful attempts to select holes too small for their bodies. During the fourth series, with the locations of holes randomized for each trial, the snakes demonstrated behavioral flexibility, significantly more often penetrating into the shelter from the first attempt irrespectively of the location of the suitable hole. We argue that these results demonstrate the body-awareness in snakes.
A Simple Two-Step Process for Producing Strong and Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites
Authors: Gbordzoe Seyram , Adusei Paa Kwasi , Chauhan Devika , Alvarez Noe T. , Haase Mark R. , Mansari Karim , Kanakaraj Sathya N. , Hsieh Yu-Yun , Shanov Vesselin
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we present the results of a study related to fabrication of polymer-aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) composites made with different thermoplastic polymers. These composites have been manufactured by employing a simple two-step process using the internal resistive heating approach. The resulting composites have shown improved tensile strength, load, and elastic modulus compared to pristine CNT sheets. Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-CNT, UltemTM-CNT and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-CNT composites showed an increase in tensile strength by as much as 41%, 77% and 86% respectively over pristine CNT sheets. The improvement in tensile strength is the result of a good adhesion achieved between the aligned CNTs and polymer as observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Gas6 Prevents Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Alveolar Epithelial Cells via Production of PGE2, PGD2 and Their Receptors
Authors: Jung Jihye , Lee Ye-Ji , Choi Youn-Hee , Park Eun-Mi , Kim Hee-Sun , Kang Jihee L.
Published: June 2019

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in organ fibrosis. We hypothesized that growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) and its underlying mechanisms play roles in the prevention of EMT in alveolar epithelial cells (ECs). In this study, to determine whether Gas6 prevents TGF-β1-induced EMT in LA-4 and primary alveolar type II ECs, real-time PCR and immunoblotting in cell lysates and ELISA in culture supernatants were performed. Migration and invasion assays were performed using Transwell chambers. Pretreatment of ECs with Gas6 inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT based on cell morphology, changes in EMT marker expression, and induction of EMT-activating transcription factors. Gas6 enhanced the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGD2 as well as of their receptors. COX-2 inhibitors and antagonists of PGE2 and PGD2 receptors reversed the inhibition of TGF-β1-induced EMT, migration, and invasion by Gas6. Moreover, knockdown of Axl or Mer reversed the enhancement of PGE2 and PGD2 and suppression of EMT, migration and invasion by Gas6. Our data suggest Gas6-Axl or -Mer signalling events may reprogram ECs to resist EMT via the production of PGE2, PGD2, and their receptors.
S. cerevisiae Strain Lacking Mitochondrial IF3 Shows Increased Levels of Tma19p during Adaptation to Respiratory Growth
Authors: Levitskii Sergey , Baleva Maria V. , Chicherin Ivan , Krasheninnikov Igor A. , Kamenski Piotr
Published: June 2019

After billions of years of evolution, mitochondrion retains its own genome, which gets expressed in mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondrial translation machinery rather differs from modern bacterial and eukaryotic cytosolic systems. Any disturbance in mitochondrial translation drastically impairs mitochondrial function. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deletion of the gene coding for mitochondrial translation initiation factor 3—AIM23, leads to an imbalance in mitochondrial protein synthesis and significantly delays growth after shifting from fermentable to non-fermentable carbon sources. Molecular mechanism underlying this adaptation to respiratory growth was unknown. Here, we demonstrate that slow adaptation from glycolysis to respiration in the absence of Aim23p is accompanied by a gradual increase of cytochrome c oxidase activity and by increased levels of Tma19p protein, which protects mitochondria from oxidative stress.
RHO Family GTPases in the Biology of Lymphoma
Authors: Voena Claudia , Chiarle Roberto
Published: June 2019

RHO GTPases are a class of small molecules involved in the regulation of several cellular processes that belong to the RAS GTPase superfamily. The RHO family of GTPases includes several members that are further divided into two different groups: typical and atypical. Both typical and atypical RHO GTPases are critical transducers of intracellular signaling and have been linked to human cancer. Significantly, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations have been described in human tumors with contradicting roles depending on the cell context. The RAS family of GTPases that also belong to the RAS GTPase superfamily like the RHO GTPases, includes arguably the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers (K-RAS, N-RAS, and H-RAS) but has been extensively described elsewhere. This review focuses on the role of RHO family GTPases in human lymphoma initiation and progression.
Cyclic Nucleotide-Specific Optogenetics Highlights Compartmentalization of the Sperm Flagellum into cAMP Microdomains
Authors: Raju Diana N. , Hansen Jan N. , Rassmann Sebastian , Stüven Birthe , Jikeli Jan F. , Strünker Timo , Körschen Heinz G. , Möglich Andreas , Wachten Dagmar
Published: June 2019

Inside the female genital tract, mammalian sperm undergo a maturation process called capacitation, which primes the sperm to navigate across the oviduct and fertilize the egg. Sperm capacitation and motility are controlled by 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Here, we show that optogenetics, the control of cellular signaling by genetically encoded light-activated proteins, allows to manipulate cAMP dynamics in sperm flagella and, thereby, sperm capacitation and motility by light. To this end, we used sperm that express the light-activated phosphodiesterase LAPD or the photo-activated adenylate cyclase bPAC. The control of cAMP by LAPD or bPAC combined with pharmacological interventions provides spatiotemporal precision and allows to probe the physiological function of cAMP compartmentalization in mammalian sperm.
Minority Carrier Trap in n-Type 4H–SiC Schottky Barrier Diodes
Authors: Capan Ivana , Yamazaki Yuichi , Oki Yuya , Brodar Tomislav , Makino Takahiro , Ohshima Takeshi
Published: June 2019

We present preliminary results on minority carrier traps in as-grown n-type 4H–SiC Schottky barrier diodes. The minority carrier traps are crucial for charge trapping and recombination processes. In this study, minority carrier traps were investigated by means of minority carrier transient spectroscopy (MCTS) and high-resolution Laplace-MCTS measurements. A single minority carrier trap with its energy level position at Ev + 0.28 eV was detected and assigned to boron-related defects.
In vivo Diagnosis of Primary Cutaneous Amyloidosis —The Role of Reflectance Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Ionescu Ana-Maria , Ilie Mihaela-Adriana , Chitu Virginia , Razvan Andrei , Lixandru Daniela , Tanase Cristiana , Boda Daniel , Caruntu Constantin , Zurac Sabina
Published: June 2019

Primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) is a form of localized amyloidosis. It is characterized by the deposition of a fibrillar material in the superficial dermis, without affecting other systems or organs. The diagnosis can be made clinically, but usually a skin biopsy is performed in order to exclude other skin diseases with similar appearance. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a novel imaging tool that enables in vivo characterization of various skin changes with a high, quasi-microscopic resolution. This technique might have an important role in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous amyloidosis, by the in vivo assessment of epidermal changes and dermal amyloid deposition. Moreover, it is completely non-invasive and can be safely repeated on the same skin area. However, to date, there is only one published paper presenting the confocal features of primary cutaneous amyloidosis. Hereby, we describe the in vivo RCM features of PCA lesions from a patient with diabetes and correlate them with histologic findings. This strengthens the clinical usefulness of in vivo RCM examination for the non-invasive diagnosis of cutaneous amyloidosis, especially in patients that might associate diseases with impaired wound healing.
An Evaluation of the Delivery of Medicines Using Drones
Authors: Hii Michelle , Courtney Patrick , Royall Paul
Published: June 2019

This study tests the impact of drone transportation on the quality of a medicine. Modelling the critical process parameters of drone flight, the effects of temperature and vibration on insulin were investigated using the pharmacopoeia methods. The medicine, Actrapid, (3.5 mg/mL of insulin), was flown by a quad-rotor drone. Insulin stored between −20 and 40 °C for 30 mins, and subjected to vibration (0–40 Hz, 25 °C, 30 mins) passed the pharmacopeia tests. Dynamic light scattering identified the active tetrameric and hexameric forms of insulin post testing. Vibration frequencies during drone flight were between 0.1 and 3.4 Hz. There was no evidence of visible insulin aggregates following the drone transportation. The differences in UV absorbance readings between flown Actrapid and controls were insignificant (p = 0.89). No adverse impact of drone transport on insulin was observed. This study provides supporting evidence that drone transportation of medicinal products containing insulin is feasible. The authors recommend that when considering the drone delivery of medicines five tests need to be applied. These tests must determine the safe flight time and range, the quality of the medicine post flight, the onboard conditions experienced by the medicine, the security of the drone supply chain and the effect of drone failure on both the medicine and the environment.