bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern view on chronic heart failure therapy: guidelines‑2020 key messages and adjuvant therapy
Authors: Kochetkov A. I. , Ostroumova O. D. , Arablinsky A. V. , Kovaleva G. P.
Published: April 2021

Objective. Data analysis on modern therapy strategies of chronic heart failure (CHF) and the possibilities of adjuvant therapy with phosphocreatine. Methods. Analysis and systematization of the positions of the year 2020 Russian Ministry of Health clinical guidelines on CHF and modern local and international literature data.Results. Currently, for the treatment of CHF, a wide range of drugs are used that can improve the prognosis and reduce mortality in patients, including β-blockers, blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, diuretics, aldosterone antagonists and neprilisin inhibitors. At the same time, based on the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of CHF and the characteristics of the myocardial energy metabolism in heart failure conditions, a promising direction is the use of additional (adjuvant) drugs in this category of patients. Here, a special place is occupied by phosphocreatine, which is essential in maintaining the energy balance of cardiomyocytes and has been widely studied in a large number of studies that have confirmed its ability not only to increase exercise tolerance in patients with CHF, but also to improve heart systolic function and prognosis, improving patient survival. Conclusion. Based on the reviewed body of evidence, a rational approach in the management of patients with CHF is to add adjuvant phosphocreatine therapy to the standard treatment strategy according to the current clinical guidelines, which provides an additional improvement in prognosis and a decrease in mortality rates in patients.
A MODERN MUSEUM AS A SPACE OF MULTICULTURAL COMMUNICATION: A REVIEW OF CASES OF RUSSIA AND THE UK
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russian Federation, ALTUKHOVA SVETLANA
Published: April 2021

Author considers the issue of transforming the communicative strategy of the modern museum as a promising center for multicultural communication. multicultural communication is understood as a process of interaction between immigrants and the host society. In addition, the inconsistency and ambiguity of understanding the content and consequences of increased immigration, as well as the changes that occur with cultural institutions, also make this story relevant. The author of the article focuses on how a cultural institution such as a museum responds to the challenge of complicated intercultural and multicultural communications in the modern world. The methodological basis for the study is the concept of the «post-museum» and the achievements of the Leyster school of museology in the studies of the communicative and inclusive activities of modern museums. The article presents the author's classification of the levels of work of museums with immigrants and their multicultural communication. The first level is exhibiting and representing the cultural heritage of immigration communities, the second level is attracting immigrants to co-authorship, and the third one is the implementation of comprehensive inclusive work with all ethnic and cultural groups.The highlighted levels are confirmed by real examples and cases from the experience of Russian and British museums, information about which is available on their official websites. In the course of the study, the main conclusions were made. Firstly, to date, there has been a shift in the functional structure of the museum from its custody functions to communication, and the process of interacting with visitors has begun to build on the principle of participation. Secondly, the museum, as a social institution that collects and presents objects of cultural heritage and historical artifacts, works, first of all, with the phenomena of «cultural memory» and «identity», not only representing the latter, but also constructing it through the exposition and museum activity. And thirdly, it is this circumstance that allows museums to become an effective platform for building a multicultural dialogue and processes of social inclusion.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATION-STATE IN CHINA IN THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China, JINGHONG TAO , KUZMIN VADIM
Published: April 2021

At the transition of the new century and the old, China faced the gunboat diplomacy of Western powers. The traditional Chinese «Tianxia» (天下) order was destroyed and disintegrated. China began to realize the existence of an international political order composed of nation states. In the face of imperialism devouring the land of China, Chinese intellectuals realized that the reason why China was invaded is because China had not completed its modernization, and political modernization was the establishment of a nation-state system to participate in the fierce national competition in modern times. Only the establishment of a nation-state could maintain China’s independence and territorial integrity. In this context, Liang Qichao, as a representative of constitutional monarchy, proposed the notion of «the Chinese Nation» (中华民族), with the effort to unite all ethnic groups in China against imperialist aggression and save Qing Dynasty from peril. Sun Yatsen put forward the idea of «Five Races Under One Union» (五族共和), and under this calling, the political forces of the North and South reached a consensus and finally a multi-ethnic bourgeois republic of China was established in 1912. Fei Xiaotong’s concept of «The Pattern of the Chinese Nation's Pluralistic Unity» (中华民族多元一体格局) was proposed after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, emphasized national diversity, unity and equality. This article takes these three political activists’ national theories as analysis objects to sort out the process of how China transitioned from the old empire into a modern nation-state. Through this analysis, I hope to understand the emergence and nature of modern China as an independent subject in international relations.
THE ORIGINS OF THE US PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON’S PRO-ISRAELI SYMPATHY, 1908-1948
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, RUMYANTSEV VLADIMIR
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the origins of the pro-Israeli affections of the prominent American politician Lyndon Baines Johnson (the President of the United States in 1963-1968) in the initial period of his political career before winning the Senate elections in 1948. The study resulted in conclusion that preferences of Lyndon Johnson towards Israel were influenced by a number of factors. First of all, this was the influence of the views that had developed in the family of an American politician. His grandfather and aunt were active members of the Christodelphian community, in which the protection of the Jews as God’s chosen people was one of the principles of life. Lyndon’s father, Samuel Ealy Johnson, jr. always tried to take the side of the oppressed and persecuted people. Because of this, Lyndon’s father received threats against him from the Ku Klux Klan. We should also note the role of Lyndon Johnson’s encirclement at the dawn of his political career. A number of prominent American Zionists stood out in this encirclement. In addition, the life attitudes and values of the future 36th US president coincided with the philosophy and experience of the founders of the State of Israel, from side of its leaders as well as from the side of ordinary citizens, soldiers and farmers. Being raised on the Texas frontier and admired for examples of bravery and courage, Johnson felt justified in Israel’s willingness to use force at any moment. Lyndon Johnson’s words and deeds were never at variance. He personally took part in saving the lives of Jewish refugees from Nazi-occupied Europe. Though, their number, apparently, was not as large as it is sometimes presented in publicist and even historical papers.
CENTRAL ASIA AS AN INTEGRATION PROJECT IN THE FACE OF UNCERTAINTY
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, MIKHAYLENKO VALERY , SUHROB RUSTAMI
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study. The article examines the factors influencing the integration processes in Central Asia. The processes of substantiation, formation and institutionalization of Central Asia as a region are analyzed. A brief comparative analysis of the state of research in Russia and abroad of the processes of regional construction in Central Asia is given. To substantiate theoretical and methodological research tools, the authors turn to the theories of «old» and «new» regionalism, especially noting the heuristic potential of «non-Western» theories. The authors seek to justify the choice of integration models in the Central Asian region depending on the civilizational paradigm of regional actors. In this regard, the article analyzes the processes of the formation of the national identity of the Central Asian states. In connection with Kazakhstan's appeal to the Turkic origins of identity, the article draws attention to the foundations of the worldview in Turkish Islamic thought. The strengthening of China's role in infrastructure projects in the Central Asian states raises the question of the specifics of this state's global and regional policies. Russia relies on normative power in the region. The authors come to the conclusion that the main external and internal promoters of integration processes in Central Asia have different views on regionalism and different approaches to how the regional order should be organized. Conclusions. The authors share the point of view of A. Achariya, B. Buzan and J. Lawson that the global transformation of the system influences the formation of «non-Western» approaches to the theoretical substantiation of integration models and the practical design of integration projects. The experience of regional construction in Central Asia provides extensive empirical material for the theoretical understanding of «non-Western» regionalism and for politicians to take into account the specific features of regional construction and the implementation of integration projects.
HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PUBLIC SUPERVISORY COMMISSIONS
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russian Federation, TARASOVA MARIA , SMIRNOV IVAN
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the historical aspects of the formation and key periods of development of public monitoring commissions. Consideration of the topic of this article through the prism of events that highlight the prerequisites for the formation of a system of public control, allowed the authors both to identify systematic difficulties faced by individuals who joined human rights organizations, and to formulate specific proposals, the application of which in practice can be indispensable for improving the activities of public monitoring commissions at the current stage of their development. The content of the article reveals historical facts that played an important role in the formation of public monitoring commissions, mainly as a human rights institution of public observers. The authors note some persons who are interested in creating a system of public control that can provide both consulting and financial assistance not only to representatives of penitentiary institutions, but also to citizens held in them. The article allows you to clearly present the chronology of events that are elements of the Foundation of modern human rights organizations, including a description of situations that affected the performance of members of public monitoring commissions in various time periods. The authors attribute the dynamics of the relevance of the functions of public control to various circumstances, including the emergence of the Gulag, which became the main stumbling block in the development of public monitoring commissions at the end of the second half of the XX century. The article also highlights the stages of forming the next composition of public monitoring commissions, provides indicators that characterize not only the number of their members in the subjects of the Russian Federation and members of such commissions, but also the number of visits to places of forced detention, verification activities, complaints and applications considered, legal consultations, etc. In addition, the authors analyzed the activities of human rights organizations that are active in some regions of the Russian Federation, which revealed the specifics of the implementation of certain rights of citizens, including those who are in prison. The use of a systematic approach to the study of the historical aspect of the creation of public monitoring commissions and the analysis of the organization of work of their members allowed the authors to identify certain problems of theoretical and practical significance, as well as to suggest ways to solve them.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR MILITARY PRODUCTION BY THE STATE MINING PLANTS OF THE URALS AT THE SECOND QUARTER OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors:   Ural Federal university, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, BAKSHAEV ALEXANDR
Published: April 2021

The article is considered the development of the regulatory framework for military production at the mining plants of the Urals in the second quarter of the 19th century based on legislative and regulatory acts, concentrated in the Complete collection of Laws of the Russian Empire and other editions, as well as archival documents. This problem was practically not been studied in historiography; researchers mainly turned to the normative acts of the first third of the 19th century. The author shows the development of military legislation, primarily the highest approved rules and instructions for the acceptance of various types of military products. It is noted that until the early 30s of the 19th century in the manufacture and acceptance of military products, the enterprises of the region were guided by the instructions of 1804-1808, which determined the technical requirements for military products and metals, the duties of military inspectors, and ways of resolving disagreements between them and mining officials. In the second quarter of the 19th century, these documents were revised twice: in 1831 and 1846, the rules for the acceptance of new types of military products were adopted. Changes in mining legislation (Mining Charter of various editions), which included provisions of rules and instructions for the acceptance of military products from mining plants, are analyzed. The issues of manufacturing metals and weapons were also regulated in the regulations of state mining districts, in the orders of the mining and plant management bodies. There are also highlighted the regulations governing the activities of military inspectors, delivery of military products to consumers. As a result, it is concluded that the problems with the implementation of military orders by mining plants, the improvement of technology and production technologies led to the revision of the regulatory framework for the manufacture of military products in the second quarter of the 19th century.
MOBILIZATION MODEL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF SCIENCE IN RUSSIA DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Authors:   Institute for research of scientific and technical potential and history of science of the national Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine, ONOPRIENKO VALENTIN
Published: April 2021

The First World War and the two revolutions associated with it that took place in Russia in 1917 had a tremendous impact on Russian science. This is proved in the book using a colossal array of archival material, published documents, personal sources, a detailed and scrupulous analysis of historiography. The war stimulated domestic scientists and inventors to search for and introduce new weapons. But in Russia there was no mechanism for quickly translating the military order into the design and development of production technology due to the lack of established links between science, engineering, industry and the army, both at the personal level and at the level of administrative structures. The war gave a powerful impetus to the liberation of Russian science from the dominant German influence, accelerated the formation of national scientific communities in the fields of knowledge; creation of a network of scientific journals in Russian; building a network of research institutes covering the entire territory of Russia. The activities of scientists during the First World War contributed to the transformation of science into the most important priority of state policy. Some polemical acuteness of the book's conclusions may irritate qualified readers, but it is fully justified, modern and meets the objectives of the study.
PROFESSOR YA. V. SAMOILOV: CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PALEOBIOCHEMISTRY, THE DOCTRINE OF BIOLITHS AND AGRONOMIC ORES. TO THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH
Authors:   Institute for research of scientific and technical potential and history of science of the national Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine, ONOPRIENKO VALENTIN
Published: April 2021

Yakov Vladimirovich Samoilov (1870-1925) - a large and original mineralogist, geologist, paleobiogeochemist of the early 20th century, one of the first students of V.I. Vernadsky at Moscow University, a talented teacher, professor at Moscow University, Moscow Agricultural Institute, Novoaleksandriysky Institute of Agriculture and Forestry. As a mineralogist he worked in the Urals, in Central Russia, in the Donetsk basin. Head of a large-scale program for the study of phosphorites in European Russia, founder and first director of the Scientific Institute for Fertilizers, an active participant in several international geological congresses. Developed the doctrine of biolites and agronomic ores. He made an original contribution to the substantiation of paleobiochemistry, sedimentology and lithology. I'M IN. Samoilov was one of the first scientists to pay attention to the study of the mineralogy of sedimentary deposits. Organizer and head of a large-scale program for studying phosphorite deposits in European Russia with the aim of using phosphorus fertilizers in agriculture. Organizer of the Public Committee and the Scientific Institute for Fertilizers (now the Ya.V. Samoilov Scientific Institute for Fertilizers and Insectofungisides), an active participant in the organization of research in mineralogy and geochemistry at the Institute of Applied Mineralogy and the Floating Marine Scientific Institute, chairman of a number of commissions at the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the USSR, a consultant State Planning Committee of the USSR. All his life he was in close communication with V.I. Vernadsky.
SOSYAL ÇALIŞMACI ADAYLARININ YAŞLI AYRIMCILIĞINA İLİŞKİN TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: BİRİNCİ Emre
Published: April 2021

Çalışma, sosyal çalışmacı adaylarının yaşlı ayrımcılığına ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı araştırma türünde yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Sosyal Hizmet bölümünde eğitim gören toplam 165 öğrenci ile Şubat- Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanması için “Sosyo-demografik Bilgi Formu” ve “Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı Tutum Ölçeği (YATÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, Kruskall-Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U Testleri kullanıldı. Katılımcıların YATÖ toplam puan ortalaması 64,92±6,66’dır. Ölçek alt başlık incelemesine bakıldığında, yaşlının yaşamını sınırlama 18,55±3,66, yaşlıya yönelik olumlu ayrımcılık 33,73±4,26 ve yaşlıya yönelik olumsuz ayrımcılık alt boyut puan ortalaması ise 31,19±6,50 olarak saptanmıştır. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre yaşlının yaşamını sınırlamada anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmiş, erkek bireylerin yaşlının yaşamını sınırlama puan ortalamasının daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yaşlı bireyle daha önce aynı evde yaşama durumu, yaşlının yaşamını sınırlamada etkili bir faktördür. Araştırmaya katılan sosyal hizmet bölümü öğrencilerinin yaşlılara yönelik tutumlarının olumsuz yönde olduğu, kadın öğrencilerin ve yaşlı bireyle daha önce yaşamış olan öğrencilerin tutumlarının daha olumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Perancangan Dan Implemetasi Kalman Filter pada Sistem Estimasi Posisi Roket Elektrik
Authors: Gunawan Rizqi , Jatmiko Didit Andri
Published: April 2021

Kompetisi Muatan Roket Indonesia (KOMURINDO) merupakan kompetisi yang diselenggarakan oleh Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN). Salah satu kategori pada kompetisi ini adalah Wahana Sistem Kendali,  kategori ini memiliki tema “Perancangan wahana dengan sistem propulsi Electric Ducted Fan (EDF) dan sistem kendali untuk mencapai sasaran secara horizontal”. Pada Kategori ini setiap peserta diharuskan merancang wahana roket EDF yang dapat meluncur dari rel launcher secara autonomous menuju target selebar 25m sejauh 200m yang telah diketahui koordinat lokasinya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sistem navigasi berbasis waypoint yang dapat mengarahkan wahana roket menuju target. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan akurasi dan kepresisian data posisi dengan menggunakan algoritma Kalman Filter dan multi penerima GNSS untuk menestimasi posisi roket EDF. Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua buah penerima GNSS dengan jenis yang sama. Pengimplementasian sistem estimasi posisi ini mempertimbangkan tentang pengaruh berat terhadap titik center of gravity roket dan ukuran ruang payload. Pengujian sistem estimasi posisi dilakukan diarea terbuka dengan membawanya pada garis referensi sejauh 200 meter yang telah diketahui nilai koordinatnya. Koordinat garis referensi diambil menggunakan google maps dengan jarak antar titik koordinat adalah 1 meter. Berdasarkan data hasil percobaan dan membandingkan hasil trayektori dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem estimasi posisi ini mampu meningkatkan akurasi data sebesar 3 sampai 30%.
Perancangan Sistem Pelaporan Status Perbaikan pada Konveyor dengan Studi Kasus di PT. Pupuk Kujang
Authors: Nugraha Rezky Candra , Kerlooza Yusrilla Yeka
Published: April 2021

Konveyor atau bisa disebut ban berjalan merupakan suatu alat yang banyak digunakan di berbagai macam industri. Umumnya konveyor digunakan sebagai alat pembawa bahan-bahan industri dari titik A menuju titik B untuk dilakukan pengolahan. Pada penelitian ini difokuskan untuk membuat suatu sistem proteksi pada konveyor di industri yang berguna untuk memberikan informasi lokasi terjadinya status perbaikan ban berjalan. Alat ini akan menambah keamanan pada pull cord switch yang sudah ada pada konveyor. Alat ini berfungsi untuk memberikan tanda atau node lokasi terjadinya status perbaikan pada konveyor. Alat ini akan mengirimkan suatu sinyal darurat berupa serial addressing, dan sinyal tersebut akan dikirimkan menuju komputer operator supaya operator dapat mengetahui lokasi terjadinya perbaikan konveyor. Target dari pengujian ini yaitu alat ini dapat digunakan di PT Pupuk Kujang yang memiliki 3 jalur konveyor. Pada penelitian ini jarak transmisi data daengan menggunakan RS-485 dapat berhasil dilakukan dengan jarak sepanjang 2453m tanpa cacat, ketika melebihi jarak tersebut maka sinyal akan cacat bahkan tidak bisa terkirimkan datanya. Waktu pengiriman data rata-rata dari 3 line conveyor sebesar 1047,7ms. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini yaitu alat ini mampu mengirimkan sinyal lokasi perbaikan apabila digunakan untuk menangani studi kasus konveyor di PT Pupuk Kujang.
Metoda Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) untuk Pendeteksi Tangga pada Alat Pemandu Arah bagi Penyandang Tunanetra
Authors: Fauziyya Nadaa Resti
Published: April 2021

Alat indra merupakan hal yang penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Salah satunya, yaitu mata sebagai indra penglihatan. Manusia yang memiliki keterbatasan dalam indra penglihatan dapat disebut penyandang tunanetra. Penyandang tunanetra akan mengalami kesulitan apabila harus berjalan tanpa mengetahui kondisi sekitar, termasuk ada tidaknya sebuah tangga. Alat pemandu arah bagi penyandang tunanetra ini, dapat memandu arah dan memberi informasi kepada penyandang tunanetra melalui suara. Alat ini juga dapat memberi peringatan kepada penyandang tunanetra apabila terdapat sebuah tangga. Metode yang digunakan untuk dapat mendeteksi tangga, yaitu metode convolutional neural network (CNN). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan untuk mendeteksi tangga dengan menggunakan metode cnn ini, alat ini berhasil mendapatkan akurasi rata-rata sebesar 93%.
Third Hankel Determinant Problem for Certain Subclasses of Analytic Functions Associated with Nephroid Domain
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ghaffar , Ahmad Bakhtiar , Mashwani Wali Khan , Shaba Timilehin Gideon , Arif Muhammad
Published: April 2021

In this research article we consider two well known subclasses of starlike and bounded turning functions associated with nephroid domain. Our aims to find third Hankel determinant for these classes.
منح الثقة الجزئي للوزارة في ظل دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005
Authors: عبيد عدنان عاجل , طالب مصدق عادل
Published: April 2021

ي عد موضوع منح الثقة للوزارة من المواضيع المتجددة في الواقع الدستوري والعملي، وتتجلى هذهالأهمية إذا ما علمنا أنَّه رغم عدم معالجة دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005 لهذه المسألة، غير أنَّالمحكمة الاتحادية العليا في العراق قد ارست أحكاما جديدة تتعلق بمنح الثقة الجزئي للحكومة رغم وضوحوصراحة نص المادة ) 76 ( من الدستور، ومن ثم فإنَّ هذه الدراسة تحاول أنْ تجيب على التساؤلات الآتية:هل تملك المحكمة الاتحادية العليا تعديل النص الدستوري المتعلق بتشكيل الوزارة؟ وهل يمكن اعتبارالقرار الصادر من المحكمة الاتحادية عرفا دستوريا معدلاً بالح ذف إذا ما علمنا تواتر الحكومات العراقيةالمشكلة من الدورة الانتخابية الأولى لعام 2006 وانتهاء بالدورة الانتخابية الرابعة لعام 2018 بالسيرعلى هذه المبادئ؟ وهل أنَّ مسلك الدساتير المقارنة فيما يتعلق بمنح الثقة للوزارة جاء متماثلاً مع موقفالمشرع الدستوري من عدمه؟
عقود تقييد ممارسة التجارة أو المهنة في القانون الإنكليزي دراسة مقارنة بالقانون العراقي
Authors: علي يونس صلاح الدين
Published: April 2021

تعد عقود تقييد ممارسة التجارة أو المهنة من العقود الباطلة بمقتضى قانون الأحكام العام الإنكليزي. وهو بطلان بديهي مفترض مبدئياً, أي أنه مبني على أساس قرينة بسيطة قابلة لإثبات العكس, وهذه القرينة هي مخالفة العقد للنظام العام, لعدم معقولية شرط تقييد ممارسة التجارة أو المهنة المقترن بها. فإذا ما ثبت إستيفاءها لمتطلبات معيار المعقولية, من حيث أطرافها والنطاق الزماني والمكاني لسريان القيد والمصلحة العامة, فإن المحكمة تقضي بصحتها ونفاذها. وينضوي هذا النوع من العقود تحت مفهوم العقود الباطلة في ظل قانون الأحكام العام على أساس مخالفتها للنظام العام, وهو النوع الثاني من العقود الباطلة في القانون الإنكليزي, فضلاً عن النوع الأول المتمثل بالعقود الباطلة لمخالفتها للتشريع. ويتم إبطال هذا النوع من العقود إستناداً على مبدأي تقييد التجارة وعدم المشروعية الذين تمخضت عنهما التطبيقات والسوابق القضائية للمحاكم الإنكليزية.
فشل القانون الدولي في حماية الممتلكات الثقافية العراقية من التَدمير المتَعمد من قبل تنظيم داعش: أولوية جديرة بالحماية الدولية
Authors: دهش قائد هادي
Published: April 2021

يُعدّ تَدمير وحماية الممتلكات الثقافية سمة من سمات النزاعات المسلحة منذ آلاف السنين وتُلقى تركيزًا دوليًا متزايدًا على مدار العقدين الماضيين. ولقد ظَهرت هذه السمة بشكل واضح أثناء النزاع المسلح الأخير في العراق، والذي تعرضت خلاله الممتلكات الثقافية الى دمار مقصود ومنظم من قبل أعضاء تنظيم داعش. وعلى الرغم من وجود قواعد قانونية دولية لحماية الممتلكات الثقافية خلال النزاعات المسلحة، ولكن، أثبت ذلك التَدمير فشل تلك القواعد في ردع تلك الأفعال الاجرامية بفعالية. يحلل هذا البحث الإطار القانون الدولي ذات الصلة بحماية الممتلكات الثقافية خلال النزاعات المسلحة في ضوء ذلك التدمير، ويتساءل البحث عما إذا كانت هنالك فجوات في ذلك الإطار فيما يتعلق بالهجمات التي شنها تنظيم داعش كجماعة مسلحة غير تابعة للدولة على الممتلكات الثقافية العراقية. ومن خلال دراسة التطورات الأخيرة في القانون الدولي الواجب التطبيق، يقترح هذا البحث ضرورة قيام المجتمع الدولي بإعلان بروتوكول ثالث لاتفاقية لاهاي لعام 1954 وذلك من أجل تعزيز القانون الدولي بشكل أكثر فعالية وللحفاظ على الممتلكات الثقافية للأجيال القادمة.
العملة الافتراضية (Bitcoin)، تكييفها القانوني وحكم التعامل بها
Authors: زعين محمد جمال , محمد عبد الباسط جاسم
Published: April 2021

في عالم يتسارع يوما بعد يوم في إطار العولمة التقنية، بدت هذا السرعة واضحة في قضية تداول العملات الالكترونية  والتي ترتبط بالبنوك في أنحاء العالم، ثم ما لبث أن ظهرت عملة ميدانها الوحيد هو شبكة الإنترنيت، معماة عن إطلاع غير المتعاقدين، وغير مرتبطة بمركز أو مصرف، سميت بالعملات الافتراضية (الرقمية)، وأولها وأشهرها عملة (بيتكوين)، التي انتشرت على نطاق واسع، ووصل التعامل بها من قبل كبريات الشركات مستوى الظاهرة، لكنها لم تحظَ بعد -من الجانب التشريعي على الأقل-بما يليق بها من تنظيم، كما أنَّ الفقه القانوني، يتناولها –حين يتناولها بالبحث-على استحياء، إذ لا تزال الدراسات حول هذه العملة، بحاجة إلى مزيد من البحث الدقيق والتقصي الواسع، ويحاول هذا البحث إبراز التحديات التي تواجه هذه العملة الناشئة، بعد بيان مفهومها، فضلاً عن تحديد طبيعتها القانونية، علاوة على مناقشة التصنيف القانوني المحتمل للبيتكوين، والنتائج والآثار القانونية التي يحتمل أنْ تترتب عليه، ونظراً للمميزات الفريدة للبيتكوين، والاعتبارات المتعلقة به، تبدو الحاجة ملحة لوضع قواعد خاصة بحماية مستهلكي التكنولوجيا المعاصرة المتعلقة بمثل هذه العملات، وإضفاء الشرعية عليها.
العوامل المؤثرة في عدول المحكمة العليا الامريكية عن سوابقها الدستورية
Authors: عباس قصي علي , الشويلي حسين جبر حسين
Published: April 2021

تؤدي المحكمة العليا الامريكية دورا مهما في النظام القانوني الامريكي , وبخاصة مجال تفسير الدستور والرقابة على دستورية القوانين. وتبرز هذه الاهمية من خلال السوابق الدستورية التي تضعها المحكمة والتي تلزم كل سلطات الدولة . غير ان المحكمة العليا يمكنها العدول عن السابقة التي تضعها . وهذا البحث يتناول العوامل المؤثرة في هذا العدول , حيث يثسمها الى عوامل داخلية وعوامل خارجية .

          مصدر العوامل الداخلية هو ما تتضمنه تلك السابقة من منطوق وحيثيات واراء . بينما يتجسد مصدر العوامل الخارجية بالظروف المحيطة بالسابقة.
انتهاكات عصابات داعش الارهابية للقانون الدولي الانساني "العراق انموذجا""
Authors: الغراوي فاضل عبد الزهرة
Published: April 2021

لقد تعرض الشعب العراقي الى اكبر جريمة وحشية بتاريخ الانسانية حين انتهك عصابات داعش الارهابية منظومة الحقوق واستهدفت النساء والاطفال والمدنيين والاقليات والديانة والمعتقد والحق في التعليم  وارتكب العديد من جرائم الابادة الجماعية والجرائم ضد الانسانية وهجر ملايين المواطنين وجند الاف الاطفال، التي شكلت انتهاكاً صارخا لحقوق الإنسان والقانون الدولي الإنساني .ويؤكد جسامة الخطر الذي يتعرض له السلام والأمن الدوليين على يد التنظيم ومن يرتبط به من أفراد وجماعات ومؤسسات وكيانات، بما في ذلك المقاتلون الإرهابيون الأجانب.

أن التوصيف القانوني لداعش في سياق القانون الدولي الانساني يؤكد بأنه ليس لها شخصية قانونية كدولة ولم يتم الاعتراف به من الدول ولاتوجد له جغرافيا او شعب محدد حتى يمكن مناقشة كونه دولة تتوفر فيها اركان الدول التي حددها القانون الدولي الانساني من عدمه، وأن مجلس الامن ادان عصابات داعش الارهابية على اعتبار ان ما يفعله يشكل انتهاكا خطيرا لحقوق الانسان وجرائم ابادة جماعية وجرائم ضد الانسانية منتهكاً فيها احكام القانون الدولي الانساني وقانون حقوق الانسان.
HASTANE YÖNETİCİLERİNİN HASTANELERİN DİJİTALLEŞMESİNE BAKIŞ AÇILARI ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KAYA Nazlı , GEMLİK Nilay
Published: April 2021

Teknolojik gelişmeler tüm sektörleri etkileyen uygulamalar sunmaktadır. Bu uygulamaları hastaneler içerisinde her alanda görmek, kullanımının gün geçtikçe daha yoğun ve etkili olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Teknolojik uygulamaların yoğun olarak kullanıldığı hastanelerin sürece uyumu ve hastane içerisinde kullanılan dijital uygulamaların etkilerinin anlaşılabilmesi ve sorunların tespit edilebilmesi amacıyla hastanelerin dijitalleşmesi konusu incelenmiştir. Hastane yöneticilerinin yaşanan bu değişimleri ve etkilerini nasıl değerlendirdiğini anlamak amacıyla bu çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Belirlenen amaç doğrultusunda Anadolu Yakası’nda bulunan özel hastane yöneticilerinden 7 kişi ile odak grup görüşmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sorularının amaca uygun olması için sorular hazırlanmadan önce konu hakkında literatür çalışması yapılmıştır. Görüşme sonucunda elde edilen veriler betimsel ve içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen verilere göre hastanelerin dijitalleşmesi birçok açıdan olumlu olarak bulunurken, bilgi güvenliğinin sağlanması, hasta mahremiyetinin korunması ve hasta-hekim, hasta-hemşire arasındaki temasın azalması gibi konuların ise sorun teşkil edebileceği ifade edilmektedir. Farklı eğitimlere, deneyimlere ve uzmanlıklara sahip olan hastane yöneticilerinin dijitalleşme sürecine bakış açılarını çalıştığı sağlık kurumlarının da özellikleri etkilemektedir. Ayrıca dijitalleşmenin yoğun olarak kullanıldığı hastanelerde görev alan yöneticiler ile dijitalleşmenin sınırlı olarak kullanıldığı hastanelerdeki yöneticilerinin bilgi ve bakış açılarında farklılıklar olduğu ifade edilebilir.
Variance in Call Duty and Hazard Allowances: Implication on Health Workers Commitment and Work Relations in Nigeria
Authors: Agba A. M. Ogaboh , Etobe Eteng I. , Titus T. Charlie , Angioha Pius U. , Ibioro Francis E.
Published: April 2021

This study examines disparity in call duty and hazard allowance and its implication on health worker's commitment and industrial dispute in tertiary hospital in South-South, Nigeria. A survey method that allows for the use of structured questionnaire was adopted. The study used a combination of purposive and random sampling techniques in determining a sample of 1191 participants from 4 tertiary hospitals in South-South Nigeria. Data gathered from the field was coded and analyzed using Linear Regression at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that call duty discrepancies and hazard allowances significantly affect health workers' commitment and industrial disputes in tertiary hospitals. The study recommended, among others, that National Salaries, Incomes and Wages Commission should carry out a comprehensive review of all health worker's wages and allowances in Nigeria with the view of harmonizing them. The commission should also evolve a periodic pay reform for health workers in Nigeria.
Exploratory factors structural Internet expectancy
Authors: Garci­a Lirios Cruz
Published: April 2021

Studies on the consumption of information technologies, electronic devices and digital networks have shown that expectations are explanatory variables of processes of acceptance, adoption and intensive use that would be linked to anxiety and addiction, as well as to processes of aggression such as stalking, buying or infidelity. In the case of the Internet and electronic networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, SnapChat, Periscope, YouTube or WhatsApp, there have been trends towards violence that can trigger and suicidal ideation. However, the measurement of the sociocultural and sociocognitive determinants of intensive use have not established integral models that explain the structure of relations between the variables. Therefore, the present work was proposed to validate an instrument that measures the phenomenon, considering the exposure or the intensive use of electronic networks. The factors that determine the intention of use in a factor structure that explained 63% of the total variance were confirmed, although the design limits the findings to the research scenario, suggesting the inclusion of another factor related to the behavior.
Basic Power Inductor Design
Authors: Sullivan Charles R.
Published: April 2021

A basic procedure for designing a
power inductor is presented. Many papers and textbook
chapters offer more sophisticated methods, but it is harder to
find a clear outline of a basic design process.
Studying and practicing a basic design process is useful for
beginners to understand the fundamental tradeoffs in design and to build
intuition. For more advanced work, the
basic design process is useful as it avoids relying on assumptions that might not
be valid with, for example, high-frequency loss effects that are ignored in the
development of some more sophisticated methods, or that constrain other methods
to narrow, specific cases.

Two options are outlined: starting with a saturation
constraint, and then checking the core/winding loss balance; or, starting by optimizing the
core/winding loss balance, and then checking the saturation constraint.
Deep Learning-based Fast Grasp Planning for Robotic Bin-picking by Small Data Set without GPU
Authors: ARAI SHOGO , FENG ZHUANG , Tokuda Fuyuki , Purnomo Adam , Kosuge Kazuhiro
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes a deep learning-based fast grasp detection method with a small dataset for robotic bin-picking. We consider the problem of grasping stacked up mechanical parts on a planar workspace using a parallel gripper. In this paper, we use a deep neural network to solve the problem with a single depth image. To reduce the computation time, we propose an edge-based algorithm to generate potential grasps. Then, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to evaluate the robustness of all potential grasps for bin-picking. Finally, the proposed method ranks them and the object is grasped by using the grasp with the highest score. In bin-picking experiments, we evaluate the proposed method with a 7-DOF manipulator using textureless mechanical parts with complex shapes. The success ratio of grasping is 97%, and the average computation time of CNN inference is less than 0.23[s] on a laptop PC without a GPU array. In addition, we also confirm that the proposed method can be applied to unseen objects which are not included in the training dataset.
VARIOUS EVALUATION IN PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS FACULTIES OF GENERAL EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES
Authors: Mirzaaxmad Qurbonov  , Oxista Dehqonova
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the integration of physics and mathematics in general secondary schools. KEY WORDS: continuity, optimized curriculum, quadratic equation, coordinate line, thermometer, surface, pressure, volume, density, parabola, exponential function, logarithmic function, modular function.
GENRE APPROACH IN CREATIVE WRITING PEDAGOGY IN ENGLISH IN UPPER PRIMARY CLASSES IN KENYA
Authors: Sophie Ahono Maninji
Published: April 2021

Writing can be used to measure learning of the other three language skills and written materials be used for reference in future. Creative writing (CW) is the production of texts which have an aesthetic rather than a purely informative, instrumental or pragmatic purpose. It is a personal writing where the purpose is to express thoughts, feeling and emotions in an imaginative, unique, and sometimes poetic way. Of all the four language skills, creative writing is a high order skill that calls for molding through appropriate pedagogical approaches. In Kenya, English is both an examinable subject and a language of instruction. CW accounts for 40% of the total score in English subject. However, over 62% of learners fail to achieve writing competence at the end of primary course. Primary schools in Vihiga County have persistently underperformed in CW with more than (70%) of Class 8 learners scoring below the average mean mark. Despite this underperformance, only a few studies on CW pedagogy are available. CW studies conducted in Kenya have established that 60 % of teachers find it difficult to teach CW while 75% of learners find it boring. These have implications for pedagogy and students’ writing enthusiasm. The objective of this study was to explore the use genre pedagogic approach and its effectiveness in the development of CW skills. Archer’s theory of reflexivity which views writing as internal and external conversations was used. The study used qualitative exploratory research design and the study was conducted in Vihiga County. The data collection tools were Lesson Observation Schedule and Interview Schedule whose validity and reliability were tested through triangulation. From Class 6-8, 30 lessons in 10 purposively selected schools were observed and 30 teachers whose lessons had been observed were interviewed. Data were analyzed thematically through transcription, coding and identification of themes. The key finding was: inappropriate use of genre approach due to teachers’ knowledge gaps on CW pedagogical approaches. The study recommended that teachers of English use genre approaches appropriately in CW pedagogy and the Ministry of Education to in-service teachers of English on CW approaches. The results are useful to teachers of English and Teacher Training Institutions. KEY WORDS: Approaches, Genre Approach Creative Writing and Upper Primary Learners.
FACTORS THAT SATISFY THE USERS OF APP CABS IN A COVID STRICKEN NATION: AN INSIGHT INTO URBAN INDIA
Authors: Dr Swapna Datta Khan  , Ms Deepa Meel
Published: April 2021

The SARS Co V19 virus touched India in early 2020 and by March 20 the entire nation was in the process of observing a strict lockdown. The Covid 19 protocol in urban India came with a slew of restrictions on the citizens’ movement and traffic within cities. In May 2020, the lockdown was eased and the App Cab businesses of the Transportation Sector issued instructions to combat the pandemic while yet ferrying urban commuters efficiently, such as the compulsory sanitization of vehicle after each trip and a stringent check on the health records and hygiene levels of their drivers. In this paper, the 22- item multidimensional SERVQUAL instrument was used to generate an initial construct and Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed an underlying construct throwing light n the drivers of user satisfaction with relation to App Cab commute in Indian cities. KEY WORDS: Construct, Covid 19, Pandemic, App Cab, Customer Satisfaction, SERVQUAL
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF DALHANOKTA ARTAVA KSHAYA CHIKITSA
Authors: Dr. Madhu M  , Dr. Prasanna S
Published: April 2021

Good health is central to human happiness and wellbeing, but women's health is central to whole family happiness and wellbeing. Women's health is most neglected due to the busy schedule, shyness, negligence, etc which in turn cause many incurable medical complications. Menstrual health is one of the most neglected areas of female ill-health. It is mainly due to improper knowledge about menstrual illness. Acharyas have described separate chapters about these problems and their treatments. Artava kshaya is one among them. Many treatment modalities are explained by Acharya Sushruta but Dalhana comments on the main principles of treatment which has good results in treating Artava kshaya. This paper is to critically analyze Dalhanokta Artavakshya chikitsa.
A Analisis Performa Kecepatan MySQL dan NoSQL Pada Sistem Operasi Windows dan Linux
Authors: Ardiyansyah Vian , Budiman Setiawan , Fadhila Faisal
Published: April 2021

Database sudah menjadi bagian penting dalam pengelolaan suatu institusi berbasis digital. Saat ini semakin banyak pilihan menggunakan jenis database sesuai dengan kebutuhan institusi tersebut. Agar menghasilkan kualitas dan kecepatan database yang sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi, maka kita perlu memilih jenis database yang sesuai. Pada penelitian ini dilaukan analisa perbandingan kecepatan menggunakan server database MySQL dan MongoDB untuk perintah SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE pada data sejumlah 5.000, 10.000, 50.000, 100.000, 500.000, 1.000.000. Aplikasi yang digunakan untuk melakukan perintah query adalah MySQL Workbench 8.0.22 dan Robo 3T 1.4.2. Penelitian ini juga menganalisa perbandingan kecepatan query pada sistem operasi Windows 10 dan Ubuntu Desktop 20.04. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa semua proses query data diatas 50.000 record dengan menggunakan MongoDB akan lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan MySQL. Untuk sistem operasi Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 juga lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan menggunakan Windows 10 baik untuk database MySQL atau MongoDB.
From Hijackings to Right-Wing Extremism: The Drivers of New Zealand’s Counter-terrorism Legislation 1977 – 2020
Authors: Webb Sheridan
Published: April 2021

New Zealand is currently faced with the need to address extensive recommendations from the recently completed report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the terrorist attack on the Christchurch masjidain on 15 March 2019 (RCOI). The RCOI was not tasked with reviewing New Zealand’s terrorism legislation, but it has commented among its recommendations on the need for relevant national security legislation that is fit-for-purpose and empowers and resources security services appropriately. This paper outlines New Zealand’s counter terrorism legislative chronology, exposing historic themes of slow law making, political disinterest and reactive and incomplete solutions. If New Zealand is to address the RCOI recommendations, it will need to break with previous approaches to
legislating terrorism and boldly pursue a new more proactive narrative.
МОЖЛИВОСТІ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ НАДАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ КИЇВСЬКИМ МІСЬКИМ ЦЕНТРОМ НЕФРОЛОГІЇ ТА ДІАЛІЗУ
Authors: Krasiuk Eduard
Published: April 2021

У передовій статті наведено дані про структуру та функції лікувально-профілактичного закладу комунальної форми власності – міський нефрологічний центр нефрології та діалізу, регламентовані Розпорядженням Київської міської державної адміністрації від 04.12.2018 року № 2182 «Про затвердження Статуту Комунального некомерційного підприємства «Київський міський центр нефрології та діалізу») та який надає вторинну(спеціалізовану) та третинну (високоспеціалізовану) медичну допомогу дорослим та дітям.Відповідно до ліцензії Наказ № 1650 від 19.07.2019 “Про ліцензування медичної практики”, КНП «Київський міський центр нефрології та діалізу» маєправо на провадження господарської діяльності медичної практики за спеціальністю організація і управління охороною здоров’я, клінічна лабораторна діагностика, клінічна біохімія, дитяча нефрологія, нефрологія, ультразвукова діагностика, хірургія, анестезіологія, дитяча анестезіологія; за спеціальністю молодших спеціалістів з медичною освітою: сестринська справа, лабораторна справа (клініка). У Центрі працює 298 працівників, з них надання медичної допомоги забезпечують 59 лікарів та 101 молодший спеціаліст з медичною освітою. У складі лікарів – 1 доктор медичних наук та 5 кандидатів медичних наук. Центр забезпечує щоденне амбулаторне консультуваннякиян, цілодобове консультування пацієнтів, які перебувають на лікуванні в медичних закладах, підпорядкованих департаменту охорони здоров’я, госпіталізацію хворих нефрологічного профілю з усіх районів м. Києва.
СИНДРОМ ГІПЕРГІДРАТАЦІЇ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З НИРКОВОЮ НЕДОСТАТНІСТЮ
Authors: Burzhynska Inna
Published: April 2021

Вступ. Синдром накопичення рідини (гіпергідратація) виникає при порушеннях водно-сольового обміну. При нирковій недостатності гіпергідратація пов’язана з порушенням складу і об’єму позаклітинної рідини. Це впливає і на внутрішньоклітинний об’єм, змінюючи тканинний метаболізм втсторону катаболічних процесів з розпадом білків, жирів і вуглеводів. Такий стан супроводжується симптомами: падіння температури тіла, починається слиновиділення, нудота, блювота, порушення координації рухів, з’являються судоми, м’язова слабкість, головний біль.Мета. Описати клінічні прояви гіпергідратації та проаналізувати динаміку лабораторно-інструментальних показників у пацієнта з хронічною нирковою недостатністю та синдромом накопичення рідини в органах і тканинах.Матеріал і методи. Загальноприйняті лабораторні та інструментальні методи дослідження (УЗД, ехокардіографія, ЕКГ, ЕГДС).Результати. Наведено клінічний випадок: Вторинна нефрогенна артеріальна гіпертензія, ІІ ст., 2 ст., ризик високий (3). Гіпертензивне серце, помірна відносна недостатність мітрального клапану, невелика відносна трикуспідальна недостатність, мінімальна недостатність аортального клапану СНПА зі збереженою функцією викиду лівого шлуночка (52%), двобічний гідроторакс, невеликий гідроперикард, легенева гіпертензія ІІ ст. ФКП. ХХН 5Д ст. гломерулонефрит. Лікування гемодіалізом з 01.11.2017 р. Анемія. Вторинний гіперпаратиреоз. Проаналізовані різні типи гіпергідратації. Наведено механізм розвитку синдрому накопичення рідини та виникнення ендотеліальної дисфункції у пацієнтів з хронічною хворобою нирок.Висновок. При хронічній нирковій недостатності основним механізмом розвитку гіпергідратації є первинна затримка натрію і води, яка з часом призводить до систолічної та діастолічної дисфункції серця, внаслідок чого зростає кінцево-діастолічний тиск у порожнинах серця та судинах. Поглиблення змін одночасно з боку нирок і серця (синдром накопичення рідини в органах і тканинах – дифузно-набрякові зміни паренхіми нирок, гідроторакс, плеврит, перикардит, асцит) сприяють прогресуванню ниркової недостатності.