bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A relação entre a Lei anticorrupção nº 12.846/2013 e a criação de programas de compliance por empresas brasileiras
Authors: Andrade Priscilla De , Rodrigues Maria Rafaela Junqueira Bruno
Published: May 2020

A presente pesquisa visa estabelecer uma análise pontual da relação entre a Lei Brasileira Anticorrupção nº 12.846/2013 e a criação de programas de compliance por empresas brasileiras trazendo em seu artigo 7º, inciso VIII, o Programa de Integridade, sendo apto e suficiente a ensejar um argumento defensável possível para a pessoa jurídica, em face de uma eventual condenação que possa vir a sofrer. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa consistiu no levantamento teórico interdisciplinar bibliográfico sobre o tema consubstanciado em referenciais teóricos, artigos científicos dos cursos de Administração e Direito.
OS ANIMAIS DE ESTIMAÇÃO E A DISSOLUÇÃO DA RELAÇÃO AFETIVA DE SEUS DONOS: A POSSIBILIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DO INSTITUTO DA GUARDA COMPARTILHADA OU A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE CUIDADO COMPARTILHADO?
Authors: SERRA Larissa De Andrade
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem o escopo de apresentar uma nova realidade do Direito de Família que se refere à disputa da guarda de animais de estimação em sede de divórcio ou dissolução de união estável. Trata-se de estudo inovador, de ampla relevância social na ordem jurídica contemporânea, haja vista o aumento no número de animais de estimação no Brasil, em especial cães e gatos, e a inexistência de legislação específica que regulamente o tema. O artigo se desenvolverá a partir de uma análise história da humanidade desde a Revolução Industrial até o mundo moderno, e as mudanças no âmbito familiar nesse ínterim. Em seguida, será analisado o ativismo judicial, em tamanha evidência nos últimos tempos no Brasil, e seus aspectos para os casos em tela. Por demais, o estudo pormenorizado do status jurídico dispensado aos animais, colocando-se enfoque aos de estimação, e o problema da disputa da guarda destes animais em sede de dissolução da vida conjugal, para que então possa ser analisada a necessidade ou não da elaboração de legislação específica para esses casos.
REFORMA DA PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL: A DIFERENÇA ETÁRIA ENTRE OS GÊNEROS
Authors: CANGUSSU Caroly Tauane Massuco
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo possui como objeto de estudo a diferença etária entre homens e mulheres para aquisição da aposentadoria, tendo em vista que a Proposta de Emenda à Constituição n. 287/2016 visava extinguir tal distinção. Este estudo propõe-se analisar os motivos e justificativas do tratamento diferenciado entre os gêneros para adquirir benefício previdenciário. Fez-se necessário o estudo dos conceitos de igualdade formal e material, além da análise dos critérios imprescindíveis para criação de norma diferenciadora. Ao final, realizou-se a análise das condições de gênero dentro do mercado de trabalho, evidenciando, por meio de dados e pesquisas concretas, o preconceito a que as mulheres ainda estão sujeitas.
PROTESTO EXTRAJUDICIAL DE CERTIDÃO DE DÍVIDA ATIVA: APERFEIÇOAMENTO DA EXECUÇÃO FISCAL
Authors: MONTEIRO Gabriel Antonio , GARCIA Sílvio Marques
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem como finalidade expor os estudos realizados sobre o protesto extrajudicial de certidão de Dívida Ativa da União. Tem como objetivo verificar a eficiência do modelo atual de execução fiscal de dívidas ativas da União, bem como analisar a sugestão de desjudicialização da execução fiscal através do protesto extrajudicial de certidão de dívida ativa, como um mecanismo de aumento da eficiência do modelo hodierno.
O uso dos extratos vegetais da Caatinga e da Amazônia para produção de fitocosméticos
Authors: Paiva Paula Cristina Barros , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de
Published: May 2020

O aumento da consciência da população sobre a questão da sustentabilidade trouxe uma visão sobre a preocupação ambiental e com isso alguns consumidores passaram a utilizar produtos cosméticos naturais, de forma que o extrativismo da matéria prima provoque mínimo ou nenhum impacto, por se tratar de fonte renovável, partindo disto as empresa priorizam como mão de obra a comunidade local, pelo fato de ter o conhecimento da região e o interesse em manter a floresta apta à produção, gerando um mercado econômico para estes produtos. A Amazônia é a maior produtora de matérias primas para este ramo, porém a região da Caatinga também possui potencial para os fitocosméticos, o que falta é um olhar empresarial e de pesquisa, para explorar a região e com isso contribuir para o alavanque econômico do bioma. Partindo deste cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi de traçar um perfil do consumidor de fitocosméticos acerca do conhecimento das matérias primas utilizadas nos produtos. É constatado que a transmissão de conhecimento acontece através das gerações e que a Aloe vera foi a planta mais citada com os seus benefícios propagados. Foi comprovado através das respostas do questionário a afirmação de que esses consumidores possuem preocupação com o meio ambiente, com a saúde da pele, no uso do que é natural evitando reações tóxicas.
The environmental impacts of 2019 oil spill on the Brazilian coast: Overview
Authors: Disner Geonildo Rodrigo , Torres Mariana
Published: May 2020

The oil spill off the Brazilian coast, which reached especially the Northeast in 2019, is known as the biggest disaster of its kind in the country's history. Accidents of this type are not new; however, this episode had enormous proportions with 11 states, 130 municipalities, and more than 1,000 locations affected by oil stains or residues. Considering the extent of this environmental tragedy associated with the Brazilian biodiversity peculiarities is immeasurable the damages to fauna and protected areas, especially those that are more sensitive, such as mangroves and coral reefs. It is known that the oil source is Venezuela, but those responsible for the disaster are not known yet. The neglect in investigating events and decision making to deal with the incident aggravated the effects on habitats and local communities. The first occurrence on the coast happened on August 30, 2019, and the most significant number of affected locations was recorded during November. However, even without a complete solution of the case, in January 2020, the monitoring and evaluation group responsible for monitoring, remediation, and protection actions, officially announce the beginning of the demobilization protocol, establishing the termination points, which represent the end of monitoring in most of the areas. Contradictorily, in some locations considered sensitive, the end of the work will be carried out “even with the significant presence of oil in the area”. Studies in the literature indicate that highly weathered oil, which has a high molecular weight and low solubility PAHs, can have toxic effects as representative or higher than its non-weathered counterpart. These findings contradict a classic paradigm that crude oil with low molecular weight and more volatile PAHs are primarily responsible for toxicity. Regardless of the damages caused by the activities of total oil removal compared to natural degradation, there is a disregard for this issue, a deficit of environmental agencies employees and investments in this sector. Given the initiative to demobilize activities related to this serious accident, this review seeks to contextualize similar accidents, synthesize the events, dimensions, and environmental consequences related to the most significant ecological disaster on the Brazilian coast and discuss its likely environmental impacts considering the physical-chemical characteristics of the pollutant. In recent years, Brazil has been the scene of unprecedented disasters. The oil in the Northeast, along with the Mariana and Brumadinho dam rupture and the fires in the Amazon shows the lack of critical assessment of the environmental issue in Brazil, and what appears to be a society plan that, through structural measures, allows cases of environmental degradation to happen with impunity and the conservation of natural resources is genuinely not a priority of government actions.
Ações ambientais positivas e a integração de informações sustentáveis implementadas na administração pública federal
Authors: Goulart Lúcia Christina Rondon , Pietrafesa Pedro Araújo
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar e compreender as ações e as práticas sustentáveis implementadas pela administração pública federal. Neste sentido pretende-se abordar essa temática importante, devido aos poucos estudos acadêmicos que a investigam, além da tímida divulgação das boas práticas sustentáveis desempenhadas por órgãos públicos brasileiros. Visam-se, assim, a contribuir e a incentivar outras gestões a desenvolverem e a implementarem atitudes ecologicamente justas e equilibradas no ambiente organizacional. Este estudo teve como base o levantamento bibliográfico acerca do tema através de pesquisas realizadas em sites de órgãos públicos, com o objetivo de levantar dados das ações ambientais desenvolvidas. Buscou-se, com isso, apresentar as práticas sustentáveis desempenhadas pela Administração Pública após a regulamentação da Resolução CNJ nº 201/2015. Este ato normativo consiste em um marco legal na área ambiental da Administração Pública, especialmente no Judiciário, servindo como recomendação para a implantação de núcleos socioambientais e como orientação para o desempenho do Plano de Logística Sustentável nas entidades judicantes do país. Observa-se que os programas de conscientização, preservação e manutenção dos recursos naturais direcionados para as ações e os hábitos ecologicamente corretos realizados nas atividades cotidianas têm como propósito incentivar a racionalização, a eficiência e a economicidade das unidades públicas perante o ecossistema. Assim, todas as dinâmicas apresentadas buscam evitar os desperdícios, motivar a redução dos gastos públicos e incentivar a proteção e a cooperação com a natureza, garantindo a manutenção do bem público comum em prol da presente e das futuras gerações.
Biomassa e comprimento de raízes finas em uma área de restauração florestal
Authors: Garlet Claudinei , Schumacher Mauro Valdir
Published: May 2020

Em ambientes naturais as raízes finas (> 2,0 mm) são responsáveis pela absorção de água e nutrientes, sendo fundamentais na manutenção dos ecossistemas. Nas áreas em processo de recuperação, a dinâmica dessas raízes é afetada, pela constante alteração da composição fitossociológica nesses locais. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a biomassa e o comprimento de raízes finas em uma área de restauração florestal no Município de Santa Maria, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletadas 18 amostras de solo, até 20 cm, sendo estas divididas em quatro profundidades: 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 e 15-20 cm. As raízes foram separadas do solo e, posteriormente, processadas para obtenção dos valores de biomassa e comprimento. Para os valores de biomassa e comprimento de raízes finas, obtiveram-se, respectivamente, 5,60 Mg ha-1 e 104.435,81 km ha-1, sendo que aproximadamente a metade concentra-se na camada de 0-5 cm, diminuindo gradativamente com o aumento da profundidade. A alteração da fitossociologia local, principalmente pela introdução de espécies exóticas invasoras, alterou a dinâmica do sistema radicular local, elevando os valores de biomassa e comprimento de raízes finas.
A COORDENAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA COMO ESPAÇO DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES DOS ANOS INICIAIS NO CONTEXTO DO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Oliveira Maria Eduarda Peres , Da Silva Delano Moody Simões
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta a análise de uma experiência de formação continuada de professores dos anos iniciais tendo como foco o ensino de ciências por investigação. Foram propostas atividades formativas nos momentos de coordenação pedagógica da escola junto com professoras dos anos iniciais. As atividades eram discutidas, organizadas e posteriormente praticadas em sala de aula com os alunos e depois discutidas junto ao grupo para prepararmos uma nova sequência. A partir dos resultados podemos constatar que as atividades realizadas nas Coordenações Pedagógicas da escola em questão proporcionaram às professoras e a pesquisadora excelentes momentos de aprendizagem e reflexão sobre nossa prática docente, possibilitando inserirmos os conteúdos de ciências em nossos planejamentos.
PROGRESIÓN DE LAS IDEAS DEL PROFESORADO EN FORMACIÓN SOBRE LAS PRÁCTICAS DE CAMPO EN UNA SECUENCIA DE APRENDIZAJE
Authors: Cedeno Elias Francisco Amortegui , Gavidia Catalan Valentin , Mayoral García-Berlanga Olga
Published: May 2020

Las Prácticas de Campo adquieren un valor especial en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la Biología pues permiten al alumnado abordar su objeto de estudio, «lo vivo», lo más cerca posible a sus condiciones naturales, con una perspectiva sistémica y holística que les permite comprender la relaciones que conforman el fenómeno viviente en conjunto con su ambiente, así como potenciar el aprendizaje del conocimiento biológico, destrezas y habilidades del trabajo de campo y sobre todo favorece la adquisición de actitudes sobre el cuidado de los ecosistemas; pese a esto, son escasas las investigaciones sobre la incidencia de las Prácticas de Campo en la formación inicial del profesorado y más aún en la construcción de su saber profesional docente. Realizamos aquí una investigación con 27 docentes en formación del Programa de Licenciatura en Ciencias Naturales y Educación de la Universidad Surcolombiana (Neiva-Colombia). El estudio es de tipo mixto, prospectivo y longitudinal, empleando análisis de contenido y los Software SPSS y Atlas.Ti. Para el caso de este artículo, se presenta el análisis de la aplicación de un pre y postest; mostramos respuestas de los futuros docentes y el valor estadístico de la t-student al comparar ambos momentos. El estudio pone de manifiesto la contribución de un seminario formativo en la progresión de las concepciones del profesorado en formación sobre la naturaleza de las Prácticas de Campo, sus finalidades de aprendizaje, su planificación y el aporte a la formación docente.
O EXPERIMENTO DIDÁTICO FORMATIVO E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES RELATIVAS AO PROCESSO DE APROPRIAÇÃO/OBJETIVAÇÃO DA ABORDAGEM DE QUESTÕES SOCIOCIENTÍFICAS POR PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Vale Wilka Karla Martins do , Firme Ruth Do Nascimento
Published: May 2020

Neste estudo temos os objetivos de analisar o desenvolvimento de um experimento didático formativo (EDF) e identificar suas contribuições, enquanto método de investigação e método de ensino, relativas ao processo de apropriação/objetivação da Abordagem de Questões Sociocientíficas (AQSC) por professores de ciências. O EDF analisado neste estudo foi desenvolvido em uma pesquisa anterior realizada em uma disciplina de curso de mestrado de uma IES brasileira, com a participação de sete professores de ciências que cursavam esta disciplina no segundo semestre letivo de 2016. Seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa dos dados, consideramos como categorias analíticas do EDF a etapa de planejamento, a etapa de execução e a etapa de análise. A partir dos resultados das análises, podemos constatar que o EDF foi composto por etapas e subetapas coerentes com alguns pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da teoria histórico-cultural, mais especificamente da teoria da atividade. Adicionalmente, algumas contribuições do EDF, enquanto método de investigação e método de ensino, relativas ao processo de apropriação/objetivação da Abordagem de Questões Sociocientíficas (AQSC) por professores de ciências foram identificadas, como, por exemplo, a revisão da literatura dos conceitos envolvidos na AQSC, objetos de apropriação/objetivação dos professores, e dos pressupostos da teoria histórico-cultural que deram subídios teóricos e metodológicos à pesquisa e a proposição de tarefas que podem ter exigido dificuldades a serem superadas pelos professores.
A EPISTEMOLOGIA EM FREIRE E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O CURRÍCULO DA CIDADE DE SOROCABA
Authors: Bertanha Adriano , Gouvêa da Silva Antonio Fernando
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo, realizado durante o período de uma pesquisa de mestrado, esta vinculada ao programa de pós-graduação em educação da UFSCar, campus Sorocaba, tem como problema a epistemologia freireana e o currículo de Sorocaba, tendo em vista que os documentos pertencentes ao currículo municipal possuem fundamentações freireanas e que parte da fundamentação epistemológica da pedagogia freireana se formulou nas obras Pedagogia do oprimido (1981) e Extensão ou comunicação? (1983). Questionam-se quais são os principais referenciais epistemológicos dessas fundamentações e quais implicações possuem na sistematização de tais documentos. Tal processo seguiu o caminho de uma revisão geral. Em primeiro lugar, visitam-se as obras supracitadas do autor, recortando trechos importantes para os conceitos freireanos e comparando-os com excertos de Marx, com quem Freire já demonstra alguma proximidade, buscando legitimar, então, as possíveis influências. Em segundo lugar, realiza-se uma pesquisa documental, visitando os documentos que compõem o currículo da cidade de Sorocaba, para buscar se estes, ao seguirem a obra de Freire, também se comprometem com seus fundamentadores e seus objetivos políticos. Até atual estado da pesquisa, notou-se que há divergências entre as propostas práticas de tais documentos com as fundamentações filosóficas que Freire utiliza.

Palavras-chave: Categorias de Freire; Currículo Freireano; Epistemologia.

 

the epistemology in freire and its relationship with the curriculum of the city of sorocaba

Abstract

This article, carried out during the period of a master's research, is linked to the postgraduate program in education of UFSCar, Sorocaba campus, has as its problem the freirean epistemology and the Sorocaba curriculum, since the documents belonging to the municipal curriculum have Freirean foundations and that part of the epistemological foundation of Freirean pedagogy was formulated in the works Pedagogy of the oppressed (1981) and Extension or communication? (1983). It is questioned what are the main epistemological references of these foundations and what implications they have in the systematization of such documents. This process followed the path of a general overhaul. In the first place, the above-mentioned works of the author are visited, cutting important passages for the Freirean concepts and comparing them with excerpts of Marx, with whom Freire already demonstrates some proximity, seeking to legitimize, then, the possible influences. Secondly, a documentary research is carried out, visiting the documents that make up the curriculum of the city of Sorocaba, in order to find out if, following Freire's work, they also commit themselves to their founders and their political objectives. Up to the current state of the research, it has been noted that there are divergences between the practical proposals of such documents with the philosophical foundations that Freire uses.

 

Key Words: Freire’s Categories; Freirean Curriculum; Epistemology.
The relationship between Executive Functions and Computational Thinking
Authors: Robertson Judy , Gray Stuart , Martin Toye , Booth Josephine
Published: May 2020

We argue that understanding the cognitive foundations of computational thinking will assist educators to improve children’s learning in computing. We explain the conceptual relationship between executive functions and aspects of computational thinking. We present exploratory empirical data from 23 eleven year old learners which investigates the correlation between assessments of programming and debugging in the visual language Scratch and scores from the BRIEF 2 assessment of executive functions. The initial data shows moderate to large correlations between assessments of debugging and programming with the BRIEF2 teachers’ rating of executive function as manifested in classroom behaviour. Case studies from the empirical data are used to qualitatively illustrate how executive functions relate to a game making task. We discuss the implications of these findings for educators, and present suggestions for future work.
Asset management – the overlooked gains from efficiency projects
Authors: Ramalho P. , Santos A. , Barbosa B. , Graça S. , Cassidy J. , Ganhão A. , Feliciano J.
Published: May 2020

Efficiency is a key topic nowadays in the water sector as customers' expectations are continuously increasing, legislation becomes more demanding, utilities become more exposed to public opinion and expectations are increasing towards a high-quality service at an affordable cost and both combined with high risk avoidance. The implementation of efficiency projects, such as non-revenue water (NRW) reduction projects are fundamental both from an economic and an environmental perspective. However, decisions on the implementation of these projects are often reduced to short-term economic criteria or to a cost-benefit analysis at best, not considering an adequate timeframe that would potentially allow the accommodation of the adopted NRW reduction measures (capital and operational expenditures). Infrastructure asset management requires a strategic view on water systems based on the long-term balance of performance, cost and risk aiming at the adequate management of utilities' physical, human, technological and intangible assets. Water managers should take these principles into consideration when deciding whether to implement efficiency projects, since the long-term effect of current water systems' inefficiencies can translate into significant capital expenditures in the future. This paper presents an evaluation of tangible and intangible gains that result from NRW reduction projects and why intangible gains should be part of decision-making processes on whether to implement them or not.
To the theory of determining the location of hydrate deposits in gas pipelines by acoustic sounding
Authors: Shagapov V.Sh. , Galiakbarova E.V. , Khakimova Z.R.
Published: May 2020

Evolution of pressure perturbations propagating in pipeline filled with gas-and-drop medium representing “wet” methane at temperature below dew point and having damaged section, in form of extended narrowing of channel due to hydrate plug, is investigated. Hydrate formation is due to the presence of water (or its vapours) and gas, the components of which dissolve in water under certain conditions form a solid phase. Hydrate deposits help to reduce the cross-country capacity of gas pipelines and therefore their detection is a pressing task. It is proposed to solve the problem using acoustic methods. For this purpose mathematical model of propagation of acoustic waves in long-wave range in gas-and-droplet medium is considered. The horizontal pipeline appears semi-pointed, the solution is sought in the form of a harmonic wave. Wave is one-dimensional, having small amplitude of oscillations. Based on dispersion equations, dependence of phase velocity and attenuation coefficient on frequency of acoustic wave disturbance and on volume content of suspended phase (water droplets) are built. In the high frequency region, the attenuation coefficient increases with the volume content. The formulas for reflection and passage coefficients are derived taking into account pipeline narrowing due to hydrate deposits. The results of numerical calculations illustrating the dynamics of pulse signals depending on the thickness of the gas hydrate on the inner wall of the pipeline are presented. Calculations are based on forward and backward Fourier transformations and the use of software. It is established that the greater the hydrate deposit on the wall in thickness, the greater the amplitude of the returned reflected signal.
Efecto del formulado comercial de Trichoderma harzianum en semillas de trigo
Authors: Morinigo-Villan Ingrid A. , Vega-Britez Gustavo D. , Lesmo-Duarte Nelson D. , Velázquez-Duarte José A. , Gennaro-Campos Karem H. , Alvarenga-Serafini Jorge D.
Published: May 2020

El trigo es uno de los cereales de mayor importancia en el mundo para el consumo humano y las enfermedades fúngicas y su control representa un gran desafío. Buscando alternativas de control biológico, este experimento se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos de diferentes dosis del formulado comercial a base de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (1969), sobre la calidad fisiológica y sanitaria de las semillas. Se utilizó dos métodos de siembra: en Blotter test y siembra en almácigo, empleándose un diseño completamente al azar, compuesto con cinco tratamientos y ocho repeticiones de 50 semillas, totalizando 400 semillas, con tres diferentes dosis del producto (100, 200, 300 mL/100 kg de semilla), más el testigo absoluto y el químico (Carbendazin + Thiram). Los resultados fueron sometidos al ANAVA y al test de Tukey al 5 % de error. Los géneros de hongos identificados en las semillas de trigo fueron Rhizopus spp. y Aspergillus flavus, en el testigo prevalecieron hongos del género Rhizopus spp., mientras las aplicaciones de diferentes dosis de T. harzianum permitieron la disminución de sus colonias. Según el nivel de control, fueron satisfactoria las tres dosis del formulado comercial utilizado, además de influenciar positivamente en el porcentaje de germinación de las semillas con relación al testigo y el mayor índice de velocidad de emergencia fue observado con la aplicación de T. harzianum a una dosis de 300 mL/100 kg de semilla. T. harzianum puede ser utilizado como bioestimulantes de las plantas con buena capacidad antagónica contra los fitopatógenos que desarrollan enfermedades en semillas de trigo.
Efecto de un área marina protegida sobre la talla de la concha de dos moluscos del intermareal en el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica
Authors: Chacón-Monge José Leonardo , Cubero-Campos Yamileth , Sibaja-Cordero Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2020

Las áreas marinas protegidas se han establecido con la expectativa de beneficiar las poblaciones de organismos para mejorar su resiliencia y asegurar sus beneficios ecológicos. En ambientes costeros, la zona rocosa entre mareas tiene poblaciones de gasterópodos de interés humano. Por lo tanto, debe estudiarse si el establecimiento de zonas de protección marino-costeras tiene un efecto positivo en las poblaciones de moluscos. La presente investigación trata sobre dos especies de gasterópodos Nerita scabricosta y Siphonaria gigas que son el foco de la extracción humana en un área marina protegida del Pacífico Central de Costa Rica. El tamaño de la concha de cada especie se midió en febrero y mayo de 2015 en dos sitios: uno en una zona al lado de la estación de Guarda Parques, y otra cerca de la siguiente ciudad. Las medidas de S. gigas se compararon con datos tomados en el sitio en 1984. Para N. scabricosta, el tamaño máximo de concha en ambos meses y un porcentaje más alto de la población de aproximadamente 3 cm en febrero indican un efecto positivo en el sitio con mayor vigilancia, si bien en mayo se observó una reducción en la representación de ejemplares grandes en el área resguardada. En S. gigas se encontraron medianas más altas junto a la estación de Guarda Parques, pero los valores de tamaño máximo no siguen esta tendencia. Tallas medias y máximas del tamaño de la concha fueron mayores en 2015 que en 1984. Por lo tanto, se encontró evidencia de beneficios en el estado de conservación (tomando el tamaño como indicador) de estos moluscos en áreas bajo protección. Sin embargo, la pequeña magnitud de su efecto puso de manifiesto que se necesitan recursos humanos adicionales para una mejor vigilancia en el área de conservación, a fin de reducir la pesca ilegal.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Targets for the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Giuffrida Roberta , Cannavò Serafinella Patrizia , Coppola Marialorena , Guarneri Claudio
Published: May 2020

Background:

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent and disabling inflammatory
skin condition, clinically characterized by nodules, bullae, abscesses, fistulae, and draining sinus
tracts mainly located in axillae, inguinal folds, inframammary region and buttocks, often leading
to pain, scarring, disfigurement and decreased quality of life. Due to its complex nature, with still no
completely elucidated etiology and pathogenesis, the management of HS can be challenging. In fact,
many patients do not respond to the traditionally available systemic treatments, including antiinflammatories,
antibiotics and surgery. Research has provided new insights into the mechanisms of
HS, mainly investigating the inflammatory cytokine pathways underlying the disease.

Methods:

We review the current knowledge on newer therapeutic approaches and targets for the treatment
of HS, through a PubMed-based literature search.

Results:

In this setting, studies on tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and the IL-23/T-helper (Th)
17 and IL12/Th1 axes in immune dysregulation in HS have helped in developing new regimens.
Inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 and laser treatments have shown clinically meaningful efficacy with
good short-term safety and tolerability.

Conclusion:

Target therapy has revolutionized the treatment of moderate to severe HS, based on the
inhibition of specific molecular or cellular targets, directly involved in the pathogenesis of the condition.
Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities of Naproxen and Naproxen Derivatives
Authors: Han M. İhsan , Küçükgüzel Ş. Güniz
Published: May 2020

This review explains the effects of naproxen and the naproxen moiety in important biological
activities. Naproxen, 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propionic acid, is one of the most utilized propionic
acid derivatives to the cure of many injuries or pains. Naproxen is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory
drug (NSAID), which is generally used among the NSAIDs. Even though it has gastrointestinal
side effects, naproxen has been safely used for many years because of the good cardiovascular
sight. In the past years, except for anti-inflammatory effects, other pharmacological activities of
naproxen, especially anticancer and antimicrobial activities, gain the attention of researchers. Naproxen
shows its activity by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme. There is significant interest in the possibility
that COX-2 inhibitors might retard or prevent the development of various cancer types, which is often
characterized by COX-2 expression. The activities of both naproxen and new molecules derived from
naproxen were frequently investigated.
Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects of Plants from the Genus Ferula: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sabzehzari Mohammad , Naghavi Mohammad Reza , Bozari Motahare , Orafai Hossein M. , Johnston Thomas P. , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: May 2020

Inspired by nature, humankind has been able to attain significant achievements in the drug and food industries. Particularly, medicinal plants are a rich source of medicinal, cosmetic, sanitary, and aromatic substances. Genus Ferula from the Apiaceae family is a plant genus that possesses over 170 species, which have been carefully documented with regard to their medicinal properties. Ferula spp. affects many body organs, and their respective functions, in humans, such as the immune system, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary, endocrine, respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous system, bone (skeleton), and teeth. In spite of the benefits, ferulosis (Ferula toxicity) is an important aspect of Ferula consumption in humans and animals. Hemorrhagic problems and infertility are important signs of ferulosis. In this review, we have described all of the effects of the active ingredients of Ferula spp. and their mechanisms of actions, when known, based on an extensive literature review. Thus, our review opens a window of the benefits of Ferula as a phyto-pharmaceutical and its therapeutic applications in pharmacy, dentistry, and medicine.
The Effect of Ginger-chamomile Sachet with Honey on Primary Dysmenorrhea and Associated Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Shabani Fatemeh , Chabra Aroona , Vakilian Katayon , Bioos Soodabeh , Bozorgi Mahbubeh , Ayati Mohammad Hosein , Nejatbakhsh Fatemeh
Published: May 2020

Background:

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most frequent pelvic pains among young women, impairing their quality of life.

Objective:

This research aims to investigate the effect of ginger-chamomile herbs with honey in reducing dysmenorrhea pain, associated symptoms, and the extent of bleeding.

Methods:

In this randomized clinical trial (IRCT No.: 2016100825031N5), 200 female students with primary dysmenorrhea, from Arak universities, were included and randomly divided into two groups. All the students were evaluated for one cycle without intervention, then group (A) received mefenamic acid (250 mg) and group (B) received ginger (1000 mg), chamomile (5000 mg), and one teaspoonful of honey for two days before and for the first three days of menstruation, three times a day, in two consecutive cycles. Pain severity, associated symptoms of dysmenorrhea, and bleeding were assessed using a visual analogue scale, Andersch-Milsom Verbal Scale, and Higham chart. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSS21.

Results:

The pain intensity in group B diminished significantly after the intervention in comparison to group A (p <0.05). The mean severity of dysmenorrhea accompanying symptoms decreased significantly in group B compared to group A (P=0.009). However, the mean quantity of bleeding significantly decreased in group A (P = 0.004), with no increase in the extent of bleeding in group B.

Conclusion:

The present study indicated that the combination of the ginger-chamomile sachet with honey has the same effect as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain mitigation, and the associated symptoms reduced better than mefenamic acid.
Bone Mineral Density And Its Associated Factors In Vietnamese Women Over 40 Years Of Age: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tran Tam Thai Thanh , Pham Phu Dac , Nguyen Thang , Pham Diem Thi Ngoc , Nguyen Sam Phan Hai , Pham Tho Kieu Anh , Nguyen Kien Trung
Published: May 2020

Background:

Low measured bone mineral density (BMD) in clinical settings is known as an indirect
indicator of osteoporosis and fracture risk.

Objective:

To evaluate the mean BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck and the correlation
between BMD and some associated factors in women aged over 40 years.

Methods:

A prospective cross-sectional research was performed. The study group included 168
healthy women aged over 40 years having annual health surveillance at Can Tho University of
Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method from 6/2017 to 5/2018.

Results:

The results recorded that the mean BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were
0.92±0.2g/cm2 and 0.84±0.15g/cm2
, respectively. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck had
significant positive correlation with height (r=0.353, p<0.001; r=0.394, p<0.001), weight (r=0.435,
p<0.001; r=0.414, p<0.001), BMI (r=0.33, p<0.001; r=0.284, p<0.001) while having significant
negative correlation with age (r=-0.609, p<0.00; r=-0.561; p<0.001), time elapsed since menopauseTESM (r=-0.495, p<0.001; r=-0.523; p<0.001), and number of giving birth (r=-0.381, p<0.001; r=-
0.268, p<0.001).

Conclusion:

The mean BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck which had a significant
correlation with age, TESM, number of giving birth, height, weight and BMI were rather high.
Targeted future research is suggested to point out a strategy that directly impacts osteoporosis and
fracture risks outcomes in healthy Vietnamese women over 40 years of age.
p-Nonylphenol Impairment of Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells was Found to be Due to Oxidative Stress and Down-Regulation of RUNX2> and BMP
Authors: Hussein Abnosi M. , Sina Masoomi
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

Previously, it was found that the para-nonylphenol (p-NP) impairs the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs); thus the aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanism of the impairment.

Methods:

rBMSCs after 3rd passage cultured in osteogenic media in the presence of 0, 0.5 and 2.5 μM p-NP for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. The study investigated the viability of the cells using MTT assays. The mineralization was studied using Alizarin red quantification analysis. Using a flame-photometer, the electrolytes (sodium and potassium) were measured, and the level of calcium as well as ALT, AST, ALP and LDH was determined by commercial kits. The level of total-antioxidant, MDA and the activity of SOD and CAT were estimated with the help of a spectrophotometer. Gene expression was studied using rt-PCR.

Results:

The p-NP treatment of osteogenic differentiated MSCs showed intracellular electrolyte imbalance and variation of cellular metabolism. In addition, we observed oxidative stress due to the reduction of total antioxidant capacity and the imbalance of antioxidant enzymes activity. Investigating the genes involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs to osteoblast showed that the 2.5 μM of p-NP reduced the expression of the ALP, SMAD, BMP and RUNX2 genes.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that this pollutant via influencing the genomics and metabolic imbalance, as well as oxidative induction, caused a reduction of mineralization and differentiation of MSCs. This environmental pollutant might cause osteoporosis, which necessitates raising public awareness, especially to those who live in the industrial area to prevent its drastic effect.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Plasma Circulating Exosomes Obtained from Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects on Hepatocytes
Authors: Afrisham Reza , Sadegh-Nejadi Sahar , Meshkani Reza , Emamgholipour Solaleh , Bagherieh Molood , Paknejad Maliheh
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Obesity is a disorder with low-grade chronic inflammation that plays a key
role in hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Moreover, there are studies to support the role of exosomes
in cellular communications, the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and immunomodulatory activity.
Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the influence of plasma circulating exosomes derived from females
with normal-weight and obesity on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human liver cells.

Methods:

Plasma circulating exosomes were isolated from four normal (N-Exo) and four obese (OExo)
women. The exosomes were characterized and approved for CD63 expression (common exosomal
protein marker) and morphology/size using the western blot and TEM methods, respectively. The
exosomes were used for the stimulation of HepG2 cells in vitro. After 24 h of incubation, the protein
levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were measured in the culture supernatant of HepG2 cells using the
ELISA kit.

Results:

The protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cells treated with O-Exo and N-Exo reduced significantly
in comparison with the control group (P=0.039 and P<0.001 respectively), while significant
differences were not found between normal and obese groups (P=0.808, and P=0.978 respectively).
However, no significant differences were found among the three groups in terms of IL-1β levels
(P=0.069). Based on the correlation analysis, the protein levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with
TNF-α (r 0.978, P<0.001).

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that plasma circulating exosomes have probably antiinflammatory
properties independent of body mass index and may decrease the secretion of inflammatory
cytokines in the liver. However, further in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to address
the anti-inflammatory function of N-Exo and O-Exo in human liver cells and/or other cells.
Eucommia Leaf Extract Induces BDNF Production in Rat Hypothalamus and Enhances Lipid Metabolism and Aerobic Glycolysis in Rat Liver
Authors: Oikawa Hirotaka , Miyazaki Shouhei , Kurata Rina , Hattori Mutsumi , Hayashi Noriko , Kawaguchi Nami , Hirata Tetsuya , Ueda Taro , Fujikawa Takahiko
Published: May 2020

Background:

Mutations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and its receptor, tyrosine receptor kinase B
(TrkB), have been reported to cause severe obesity in rodents. Our previous study demonstrated that the oral administration of 5%
Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) or ELE aroma treatment (ELE aroma) produced anti-obesity effects.

Objective:

In this study, we investigated the effects of ELE on glycolysis and lipid metabolism in male Sprague–Dawley rats, as well
as the effects of ELE on BDNF in rat hypothalamus.

Methods and Results:

A significant reduction and a reduction tendency in the respiratory quotient were observed in association with
5% ELE and ELE aroma treatment, respectively. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results showed significant increases in Cpt2, Acad, Complex
II, and Complex V mRNA levels in the liver with both treatments. In addition, in rat hypothalamus, significant elevations in BDNF,
Akt, PLCγ proteins and CREB phosphorylation were observed in the 5% ELE group and the ELE aroma group. Furthermore, Ras
protein was significantly increased in the ELE aroma group. On the other hand, significant dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 was
observed by the western blotting in the 5% ELE group and the ELE aroma group.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that the ELE treatment enhances the lipid metabolism and increases the aerobic glycolytic
pathway, while ELE-induced BDNF may affect such energy regulation. Therefore, ELE has the possibility to control metabolic
syndrome.
A High Performance of Induction Motor Drive System
Authors: Shen Cuifeng , Yang Hanhua
Published: May 2020

Background:

A multi-motor synchronous drive control system is widely used in many
fields, such as electric vehicle drive, paper making, and printing.

Methods:

On the basis of the optimized structure of ADRC, a fuzzy first-order active disturbance
rejection controller was developed. Double channels compensation of extended state observer was
employed to estimate and compensate the total disturbances, and an approximate linearization and
deterministic system was obtained. As the parameters of ADRC are adjusted online by a fuzzy controller,
the performance of the controller is effectively improved.

Results:

Based on the SIMATIC S7-300 induction motor control experimental platform, the performances
of anti-interference and tracking performance are tested.

Conclusion:

The actual experimental results indicated that compared with PID control, induction
motor drive system controlled by fuzzy ADRC has higher dynamic and static status and following
performances and stronger anti-interference abilities.
Does Board Gender Diversity Affects Dividend Payout? Evidence from a review of literature
Authors: Anuar Emma , Abdul Aziz Rozainun , Mohamad Maslinawati , Hashim Rugayah
Published: May 2020

The objective of this paper is to review the literature on how board gender diversity impacts dividend payout among public listed companies in Malaysia. Traditionally, higher-level management positions are held by men. Leadership and decision making are predominantly male, while the minority are women directors. When corporate boards show diversity, there is a significant presence of women or the addition of women to the board. In the past, present, and indeed the future, board gender diversity is the issue that is a growing trend and is getting more attention. The shareholders and investors are putting pressure on the boards of directors' to show increased performance. The findings from this paper will provide evidence on whether board gender diversity influences the dividend payout. Board composition without gender discrimination is the new normal for corporations to thrive after the global lockdowns from Covid-19. Other relevant matters on the impact of board gender diversity will also be discussed.
A propósito del SARS CoV 2/ COVID 19 ¿Qué hemos aprendido de las pandemias?
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Virginia
Published: May 2020

La historia de la humanidad ha estado marcada por devastadoras epidemias, muchas veces ocasionaron más muertes que las que se generaron en las guerras. Los conceptos de su origen, prevención y manejo han ido cambiando, atrás quedaron las creencias ancestrales de su origen mitológico, divino, un dios enfadado que al ver que su pueblo quebranta el programa de vida trazado decide castigarlo. Tucídides en la historia de la guerra del Peloponeso (428 A.C), documentó la Peste de Atenas con graves consecuencias económicas y estratégicas como la muerte de más 5.000 pobladores, 12.000 soldados e incluso con la muerte de Pericles.
Cultivo de células epiteliales dentales: impacto del suero fetal bovino
Authors: Simancas-Escorcia Victor Hugo , Martinez-Martinez Adel , Díaz-Caballero Antonio
Published: May 2020

Objetivo. Describir la influencia del Suero Fetal Bovino (SFB) en la supervivencia, crecimiento y expresión de organelas celulares en las células epiteliales dentales de rata. Materiales y métodos. Cultivos de células epiteliales dentales de rata fueron llevados a cabo a 37°C en una atmosfera húmeda, en ausencia y a una concentración de 10% de SFB. Una evaluación morfológica fue realizada durante la proliferación y confluencia de las células en cultivo. Dobles marcajes por inmunofluorencia fueron efectuados haciendo uso de anticuerpos anti-actina, anti-TOMM20 y anti-LAMP1. Resultados. Se evidenciaron células epiteliales dentales circulares u ovoides con núcleos voluminosos durante la proliferación y confluencias de manera similar en las células cultivas en presencia y ausencia de SFB. La carencia de SFB impactó negativamente la proliferación de las células epiteliales. No fueron observadas alteraciones en la localización de los inmunomarcajes anti-actina, anti-TOMM20 y anti-LAMP1 en las dos condiciones de cultivos experimentales. Conclusiones. La supresión del SFB en el cultivo de células epiteliales dentales de rata disminuyó la supervivencia, proliferación y sugiere no tener un impacto sobre las organelas evaluadas.
Evaluación de bienestar animal en fincas bovinas lecheras basadas en pastoreo en la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Catalina Medrano-Galarza  , Aldemar Zuñiga-López  , Fredy E García-Castro
Published: May 2020

Objetivo. Determinar un puntaje de bienestar animal (PBA) a nivel de hato para ganaderías lecheras utilizando un protocolo que involucrara variables basadas en los animales y en manejo/recursos, e identificar las variables que más contribuyen a la varianza del PBA. Materiales y métodos. Veinticinco fincas lecheras basadas en pastoreo (Trópico alto colombiano) fueron visitadas dos veces. Durante cada visita, 15 variables basadas en el animal y 13 basadas en manejo/recursos fueron evaluadas. Para cada variable se estableció un punto de corte negativo a nivel de hato para determinar el cumplimiento. En función del cumplimiento, se determinó un PBA (de 0 a 100) y las fincas se clasificaron como 'excelente', 'buena', 'aceptable' o 'no-aceptable'. Se usó una regresión lineal para evaluar la asociación entre variables a nivel de hato con PBA. Resultados. La mediana de PBA fue de 82 (mín=67; máx=97). Dos fincas fueron clasificadas como 'excelentes' (PBA=94.5), 20 como 'mejoradas' (PBA=82.5) y 3 como 'aceptables' (PBA=68). Entre todas las variables, el incumplimiento con respecto a mastitis subclínica, calificación de suciedad (patas y ubre), heridas en la línea ventral, recuentos de mosca Haematobia irritans y condición/limpieza del área de espera preordeño se asociaron significativamente con 5.6; 3.6; 6.7; 5.1; 6.5 y 6.1 puntos de reducción en el PBA, respectivamente (R2=0.84). Conclusiones. El nivel de bienestar encontrado fue bueno y alentador. No obstante, se identificaron seis variables que contribuyeron a un resultado desfavorable. Las estrategias de mejora podrían centrarse en estas variables para alcanzar un buen nivel de bienestar.