bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Günümüze Yansımaları Bağlamında Sevr’den Lozan’a Azınlıklar Meselesi ve Cumhuriyet Devri’ndeki Uygulamaları
Authors: Demir Enes Mert
Published: February 2025

Millî Mücadele’nin zaferle sonuçlanmasını müteakip İtilaf devletleri ve Türkiye arasındaki barış görüşmelerinin yapıldığı Lozan Konferansı’nda, uzun süredir var olan pek çok problemin çözülmesine çalışılmış; bu kapsamda taraflar arasında çetin müzakereler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bunlardan biri de Azınlıklar Meselesi”dir. Zira Batılı ülkeler, Sevr dâhil geçmişte elde ettikleri avantajları, yeni dönemde devam ettirmek istemişlerdir. Türk heyeti ise azınlıklara ilişkin geniş kapsamlı talepler ile bu konudaki hukuki ve terminolojik hamlelere karşı millî menfaatleri önceleyen bir tutum sergilemiş; uluslararası hukuka ve mütekabiliyet esasına dayanan bir çözüme ulaşmaya çalışmıştır.
Bu makalenin amacı, azınlıklar meselesinin, Lozan Antlaşmasında nasıl sonuçlandırıldığını madde madde Sevr Anlaşması ile kıyaslayarak tartışmak ve de konunun Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde uygulanma safhalarını ortaya koymaktır. Böylece konuya ilişkin araştırmalar derinleştirilirken ilave olarak meselenin günümüze kadar olan uygulama yöntemleri ve yansımaları ile araştırmaya derinlik katılması amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma ve analiz yöntemiyle hazırlanan çalışmada, Lozan tutanakları, antlaşma metinleri ile bu hususta hazırlanan raporlar başta olmak üzere konuya ilişkin literatürden faydalanılmıştır.
Libri Carolini Bağlamında Şarlman Dönemi İkona Algısı
Authors: Özmen Seda
Published: February 2025

Sekizinci asırda Bizans, Batı’nın aksine çok yoğun bir şekilde ikona tartışmalarına sahne olmuştur. 754 yılında Hieria konsili ile birlikte ikonaların ibadetlerde kullanılmasının kesin olarak yasaklanmasının yarattığı şok, 787 yılında ikonaların kutsallığını tanıyan II. İznik konsili ile giderilmeye çalışılmışsa da bu konu arada bir canlanan ama sürekli devam eden bir çatışma yaratmıştır. Batı’da ise Doğu’daki kadar önemli bir yer işgal etmeyen ikona konusu II. İznik Konsili’nin kararlarının Şarlman’a ulaşmasıyla gündeme gelmiştir. Şarlman’ın önemli ilahiyatçılarının bu konuya eğilmesi ve onlardan biri olan Theodulf’un yoğun çabaları neticesinde Libri Carolini olarak bilinen çalışma ortaya çıkmıştır. Libri Carolini, II. İznik Konsili’nin ikona tapımına yönelik iddialara cevaben oluşturulmuş polemiksel bir çalışma olmakla birlikte önceki konsilin ikona karşıtı tutumunu da eleştirmekten kaçınmamıştır. Bu bakımdan Şarlman’ın ağzından yazılan ve dört kitaptan oluşan bu kapsamlı çalışma Batı’nın yani Karolenj dünyasının ikonalara yönelik ılımlı yaklaşımını derinlikli olarak ortaya koyan bir çalışmadır. Makale, çalışmanın ortaya çıkış süreci ve içeriğine dair bazı detaylar üzerinden Batı’nın ikona algısını ortaya koymayı amaçlamakla birlikte, Doğu-Batı, İmparator-Kilise ilişkilerine ışık tutmayı ümit etmektedir.
Youth Expectations and Perceptions of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Spain), Cotino-Arbelo Andrea E. , González-González Carina S. , Molina-Gil Jezabel M. ,   Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Spain),   Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Spain)
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not a recent innovation, what’s new is how accessible its features have become across multiple devices, apps, and services. Sensationalistic news can distort public perception by exaggerating AI’s capabilities and risks. This leads to misconceptions and unrealistic expectations, causing misunderstandings about the true nature and limitation of these tools. Such distortions can undermine trust and hinder the effective adoption and integration of AI into society. This study aims to address this issue by
exploring the expectations and perceptions of young individuals regarding Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) tools. It explores their understanding of GAI and related devices, such as virtual assistants, chatbots, and social robots, which can incorporate GAI. A total of N=100 university students engaged in this study by completing a digital questionnaire distributed through the virtual campus of the University of La Laguna. The quantitative analysis uncovered a significant gap in participants’ understanding of GAI terminology and its underlying mechanisms. Additionally, it shed light on a noteworthy gender-based discrepancy in the expressed concerns. Participants commonly recognized their ability to communicate effectively with GAI, asserting that such interactions enhance their emotional well-being. Notably, virtual assistants and chatbots were perceived as more valuable tools compared to social robots within the educational realm.
Access to Specialty Care for Commercially Insured Youths With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: March Christine A. , Byerly Amy R. , Siminerio Linda , Miller Elizabeth , Rothenberger Scott , Libman Ingrid
Published: April 2024

Importance

Youths with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for complications compared with peers with type 1 diabetes, though few studies have evaluated differences in access to specialty care.

Objective

To compare claims with diabetes specialists for youths with type 1 vs type 2 diabetes and the association between specialist claims with multidisciplinary and acute care utilization.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used Optum Clinformatics Data Mart commercial claims. Individuals included in the study were youths younger than 19 years with type 1 or 2 diabetes as determined by a validated algorithm and prescription claims. Data were collected for youths with at least 80% enrollment in a commercial health plan from December 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019. Statistical analysis was performed from September 2022 to January 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the number of ambulatory claims from an endocrine and/or diabetes physician or advanced practice clinician associated with a diabetes diagnosis code; secondary outcomes included multidisciplinary and acute care claims.

Results

Claims were analyzed for 4772 youths (mean [SD] age, 13.6 [3.7] years; 4300 [90.1%] type 1 diabetes; 472 [9.9%] type 2 diabetes; 2465 [51.7%] male; 128 [2.7%] Asian, 303 [6.4] Black or African American, 429 [9.0%] Hispanic or Latino, 3366 [70.5%] non-Hispanic White, and 546 [11.4%] unknown race and ethnicity). Specialist claims were lower in type 2 compared with type 1 diabetes (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.52-0.72]; P < .001) in propensity score–weighted analyses. The presence of a comorbidity was associated with increased specialist claims for type 1 diabetes (IRR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.03-1.10]) and decreased claims for type 2 diabetes (IRR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.67-0.87]). Pooling diagnosis groups and adjusted for covariates, each additional specialist claim was associated with increased odds of a claim with a diabetes care and education specialist (odds ratio [OR], 1.31 [95% CI, 1.25-1.36]), dietitian (OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.09-1.19]), and behavioral health clinician (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.12-1.20]). For acute care claims, each additional specialist claim was associated with increased odds of admission (OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.11-1.24]) but not for emergency claims (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.98-1.82]).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that youths with type 2 diabetes were significantly less likely to have specialist claims despite insurance coverage, indicating other barriers to care, which may include medical complexity. Access to diabetes specialists influences engagement with multidisciplinary services. The association between increasing ambulatory clinician services and admissions suggests high utilization by a subgroup of patients at greater risk for poor outcomes.
Correlation between spatial characteristics and overflow rate of back alleys in high‐density city of Hong Kong
Authors: Du Da , Gao Yuhan , Zhang Wenda , Wang Xinpeng , Furuya Nobuaki
Published: April 2024

In recent years, scholarly attention has shifted within urban informality research from informal settlements to the appropriation of public spaces in formal urban settings. Overflow, a common research subject within this context, has drawn particular interest. This study investigates overflow dynamics in a representative district of Hong Kong, utilizing the overflow rate as a measure of the extent to which overflow occurs. Three‐dimensional (3D) scanning technology was applied to collect spatial data from back alleys. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to identify the spatial characteristics of back alleys that influence overflow rates. The results revealed that back alleys with a flatter spatial interface, more overhead shelter, greater numbers of alley‐shops, and shorter overall length corresponded to a higher number of overflow occurrences. Two novel findings emerged: First, a negative correlation between spatial interface unevenness and overflow rates, and second, differential impacts of the shop density and number of alley‐shops on overflow rates. These findings may serve as a valuable reference for governmental policy formulation regarding overflow management and may offer architects workable insights for designing back alleys and street spaces conducive to public use.
Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrate Into Ammonia Through Heterogeneous Catalysis of NiMoO4 and Cu/Cu2O
Authors: Lin Changzheng , Chen Xin , Wang Ling , Li Weijia , Wang Zhenyu , Li Mingtao , Feng Jiangtao , Hou Bo , Yan Wei
Published: April 2024

Facilitating equilibrium in the nitrogen cycle, electrochemical nitrate reduction (NitRR) to ammonia stands as a carbon‐free method for ammonia synthesis. Copper‐based catalysts, renowned for NitRR, face a hurdle in supplying sufficient hydrogen radicals (*H) for efficient hydrogenation of NitRR intermediates. Addressing this, NiMoO4 is leveraged as an excellent *H donor, synergistically coupling it with a copper‐based catalyst. The work introduces a high‐performance NiMoO4/CuO nanowire (NW)/Copper foam (CF) catalyst for NitRR, achieving a remarkable Faraday efficiency (FE) of 98.8% and a yield of 0.8221 mmol cm−2 h−1. Operating at −0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs RHE) in an H‐type electrolytic cell, the catalyst demonstrates exceptional stability over 20 h. Additionally, coupling NitRR with an air stripping process enables efficient collection of NH4Cl products, offering a practical avenue for converting waste nitrates into valuable ammonia products. In‐depth in situ electrochemistry and density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations affirm the transformation of CuO into Cu/Cu2O during the electrocatalytic reduction process. Cu/Cu2O catalyzes nitrate conversion to nitrite, while NiMoO4, serving as a *H donor, facilitates deoxidation and hydrogenation of other N intermediates on the Cu/Cu2O surface, effectively driving the reduction of nitrate to ammonia.
Investigation of the Dysfunction Caused by High Glucose, Advanced Glycation End Products, and Interleukin‐1 Beta and the Effects of Therapeutic Agents on the Microphysiological Artery Model
Authors: Nam Ungsig , Kim Jaesang , Yi Hee‐gyeong , Jeon Jessie S.
Published: April 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has substantial global implications and contributes to vascular inflammation and the onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, translating the findings from animal models to humans has inherent limitations, necessitating a novel platform. Therefore, herein, an arterial model is established using a microphysiological system. This model successfully replicates the stratified characteristics of human arteries by integrating collagen, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Perfusion via a peristaltic pump shows dynamic characteristics distinct from those of static culture models. High glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and interleukin‐1 beta are employed to stimulate diabetic conditions, resulting in notable cellular changes and different levels of cytokines and nitric oxide. Additionally, the interactions between the disease models and oxidized low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) are examined. Finally, the potential therapeutic effects of metformin, atorvastatin, and diphenyleneiodonium are investigated. Metformin and diphenyleneiodonium mitigate high‐glucose‐ and AGE‐associated pathological changes, whereas atorvastatin affects only the morphology of ECs. Altogether, the arterial model represents a pivotal advancement, offering a robust and insightful platform for investigating cardiovascular diseases and their corresponding drug development.
Overcoming the Incompatibility Between Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Transmissivity: A Graphene Glass Fiber Fabric Design Strategy
Authors: Huang Kewen , Liang Fushun , Sun Jianbo , Zhang Qinchi , Li Zhihao , Cheng Shuting , Li Wenjuan , Yuan Hao , Liu Ruojuan , Ge Yunsong , Cheng Yi , Wang Kun , Jiang Jun , Yang Yuyao , Ma Mingyang , Yang Fan , Tu Ce , Xie Qin , Yin Wanjian , Wang Xiaobai , Qi Yue , Liu Zhongfan
Published: April 2024

Conventional conductive materials such as metals are crucial functional components of conductive systems in diverse electronic instruments. However, their severe intrinsic impedance mismatch with air dielectric causes strong reflection of incident electromagnetic waves, and the resulting low electromagnetic transmissivity typically interferes with surrounding electromagnetic signal communications in modern multifunction‐integrated instruments. Herein, graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF) that merges intrinsic electrical and electromagnetic properties of graphene with dielectric attributes and highly porous macrostructure of glass fiber fabric (GFF) is innovatively developed. Using a novel decoupling chemical vapor deposition growth strategy, high‐quality and layer‐limited graphene is prepared on noncatalytic nonmetallic GFF in a controlled manner; this is pivotal to realizing GGFF with the desired compatibility among high conductivity, low electromagnetic reflectivity, and high electromagnetic transmissivity. At the same sheet resistance over a wide range of values (250–3000 Ω·sq−1), the GGFF exhibits significantly lower electromagnetic reflectivity (by 0.42–0.51) and higher transmissivity (by 0.27–0.62) than those of its metal‐based conductive counterpart (CuGFF). The material design strategy reported herein provides a constructive solution to eliminate the incompatibility between electrical conductivity and electromagnetic transmissivity faced by conventional conductive materials, spotlighting the applicability of GGFF in electric heating scenarios in radar, antenna, and stealth systems.
Mechanisms of the Accelerated Li+ Conduction in MOF‐Based Solid‐State Polymer Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Duan Song , Qian Lanting , Zheng Yun , Zhu Yanfei , Liu Xiang , Dong Li , Yan Wei , Zhang Jiujun
Published: April 2024

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for lithium metal batteries have garnered considerable interests owing to their low cost, flexibility, lightweight, and favorable interfacial compatibility with battery electrodes. Their soft mechanical nature compared to solid inorganic electrolytes give them a large advantage to be used in low pressure solid‐state lithium metal batteries, which can avoid the cost and weight of the pressure cages. However, the application of SPEs is hindered by their relatively low ionic conductivity. In addressing this limitation, enormous efforts are devoted to the experimental investigation and theoretical calculations/simulation of new polymer classes. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been shown to be effective in enhancing ion transport in SPEs. However, the mechanisms in enhancing Li+ conductivity have rarely been systematically and comprehensively analyzed. Therefore, this review provides an in‐depth summary of the mechanisms of MOF‐enhanced Li+ transport in MOF‐based solid polymer electrolytes (MSPEs) in terms of polymer, MOF, MOF/polymer interface, and solid electrolyte interface aspects, respectively. Moreover, the understanding of Li+ conduction mechanisms through employing advanced characterization tools, theoretical calculations, and simulations are also reviewed in this review. Finally, the main challenges in developing MSPEs are deeply analyzed and the corresponding future research directions are also proposed.
Guest Acceptors with Lower Electrostatic Potential in Ternary Organic Solar Cells for Minimizing Voltage Losses
Authors: Yang Shuncheng , Chen Zhenyu , Zhu Jintao , Yang Daobin , Wang Hongqian , Ding Pengfei , Wu Jie , Yan Pengyu , Xie Lin , Chen Fei , Wang Yuming , Zhang Jianqi , Ge Ziyi
Published: April 2024

The ternary strategy, in which one guest component is introduced into one host binary system, is considered to be one of the most effective ways to realize high‐efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). To date, there is no efficient method to predict the effectiveness of guest components in ternary OSCs. Herein, three guest compositions (i.e., ANF‐1, ANF‐2 and ANF‐3) with different electrostatic potential (ESP) are designed and synthesized by modulating the electron‐withdrawing ability of the terminal groups through density functional theory simulations. The effects of the introduction of guest component into the host system (D18:N3) on the photovoltaic properties are investigated. The theoretical and experimental studies provide a key rule for guest acceptor in ternary OSCs to improve the open‐circuit voltage, that is, the larger ESP difference between the guest and host acceptor, the stronger the intermolecular interactions and the higher the miscibility, which improves the luminescent efficiency of the blend film and the electroluminescence quantum yield (EQEEL) of the device by reducing the aggregation‐caused‐quenching, thereby effectively decreasing the non‐radiative voltage loss of ternary OSCs. This work will greatly contribute to the development of highly efficient guest components, thereby promoting the rapid breakthrough of the 20% efficiency bottleneck for single‐junction OSCs.
Gradient OH Desorption Facilitating Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Over Ultrafine Quinary Nanoalloy
Authors: Ren Hao , Zhang Zhihao , Geng Zhanxin , Wang Zhe , Shen Fengyi , Liang Xinhu , Cai Zengjian , Wang Yufang , Cheng Dan , Cao Yanan , Yang Xiaoxin , Hu Mingzhen , Yao Xin , Zhou Kebin
Published: April 2024

Strengthening OH adsorption on electrocatalyst is crucial to promote the rate‐determining water dissociation step of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), whereas too‐intensified OH adsorption will poison the active sites instead. This dilemma remains one of the major challenges for improving the electrocatalysts’ alkaline HER activities. Herein, a surprising finding that the strongly adsorbed OH on an ultrafine quinary PtCoCuNiZn nanoalloy can be facilely desorbed via a unique gradient OH desorption pattern is reported, which tremendously boosts its alkaline HER activity. Theoretical simulations unravel that the ultrafine PtCoCuNiZn nanoalloy possesses versatile metal sites for adsorbing OH and the strongly adsorbed OH can be gradiently transferred to desorb from the ultrafine PtCoCuNiZn nanoalloy with moderate energy barriers for each transfer step that is the gradient OH desorption. In the meanwhile, the unique gradient OH desorption mode on the ultrafine PtCoCuNiZn nanoalloy is also experimentally evidenced by the in situ Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements. This finding offers a fresh opportunity to expedite the alkaline HER without compromising the OH adsorption strength on electrocatalysts, which thus maximally promotes their water dissociation properties and unlocks the full potential of their alkaline HER activities.
Methyl‐ and Methoxy‐substituted 2‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)‐4‐(4‐aminophenyl)quinazolines: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Kopotilova Alexandra E. , Valieva Maria I. , Kudryashova Ekaterina A. , Starnovskaya Ekaterina S. , Moshkina Tatyana N. , Nosova Emiliya V. , Taniya Olga S. , Kalinichev Alexey A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Charushin Valery N.
Published: April 2024

A series of novel 2‐(2‐pyridyl)quinazoline luminophores containing a donor aryl fragment at position 4 and methyl or methoxy groups at benzene ring has been synthesized by efficient three‐step route. The linear optical properties have been studied by UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra in two solvents. We revealed that introduction of additional methyl group or the replacement of methyl substituents with methoxy ones lead to sequentially shift of absorption and emission maximum to blue region. 9H‐Carbazol‐9‐yl‐containing derivative is characterized by hypsochromically shifted absorption band compared to its NEt2 and NPh2 counterparts. Unlike 9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl‐derivative, Et2N‐ and Ph2N‐bearing quinazolines demonstrate considerable decrease in quantum yield values when going from toluene to MeCN. Solvatochromic properties have been explored, the pronounced bathochromic shift was observed in fluorescence spectra with the increase of solvents polarity. Moreover, the compounds show significant shift of emission band with the increase of water fraction in DMSO/H2O mixture. Two‐photon optical properties have been also studied, the two‐photon absorption cross‐sections in MeCN and toluene reached 120 GM and 210 GM, respectively. The presence of additional methyl group has little impact on δTPA value, while introduction of methoxy substituents dramatically decreases TPA cross sections. Additionally, a quantum‐chemical calculations of synthesized compounds were performed to support the experimental data.
Blood‐Based Proteomics for Adult‐Onset Focal Dystonias
Authors: Timsina Jigyasha , Dinasarapu Ashok , Kilic‐Berkmen Gamze , Budde John , Sung Yun Ju , Klein Adam M. , Cruchaga Carlos , Jinnah H. A.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The adult‐onset focal dystonias are characterized by over‐active muscles leading to abnormal movements. For most cases, the etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown. In the current study, unbiased proteomics methods were used to identify potential changes in blood plasma proteins.

Methods

A large‐scale unbiased proteomics screen was used to compare proteins (N = 6,345) in blood plasma of normal healthy controls (N = 49) with adult‐onset focal dystonia (N = 143) consisting of specific subpopulations of cervical dystonia (N = 45), laryngeal dystonia (N = 49), and blepharospasm (N = 49). Pathway analyses were conducted to identify relevant biological pathways. Finally, protein changes were used to build a prediction model for dystonia.

Results

After correction for multiple comparisons, 15 proteins were associated with adult‐onset focal dystonia. Subgroup analyses revealed some proteins were shared across the dystonia subgroups while others were unique to 1 subgroup. The top biological pathways involved changes in the immune system, metal ion transport, and reactive oxygen species. A 4‐protein model showed high accuracy in discriminating control individuals from dystonia cases [average area under the curve (AUC) = 0.89].

Interpretation

These studies provide novel insights into the etiopathogenesis of dystonia, as well as novel potential biomarkers. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:110–120
Neighbouring Synergy in High‐Density Single Ir Atoms on CoGaOOH for Efficient Alkaline Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Ma Peiyu , Cao Heng , Hao Qi , Wang Ruyang , Liu Wanting , Zuo Ming , Jia Chuanyi , Zhang Zhirong , Bao Jun
Published: April 2024

The catalytic performance of single‐atom catalysts was strictly limited by isolated single‐atom sites. Fabricating high‐density single atoms to realize the synergetic interaction in neighbouring single atoms could optimize the adsorption behaviors of reaction intermediates, which exhibited great potential to break performance limitations and deepen mechanistic understanding of electrocatalysis. However, the catalytic behavior governed by neighbouring single atoms is particularly elusive and has yet to be understood. Herein, we revealed that the synergetic interaction in neighbouring single atoms contributes to superior performance for oxygen evolution relative to isolated Ir single atoms. Neighbouring single atoms was achieved by fabricating high‐density single atoms to narrow the distance between single atoms. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the Nei‐Ir1/CoGaOOH with neighbouring Ir single atoms exhibited a low overpotential of 170 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and long‐durable stability over 2000 h for oxygen evolution. Mechanistic studies revealed that neighbouring single atoms synergetic stabilized the *OOH intermediates via extra hydrogen bonding interactions, thus significantly reducing the reaction energy barriers, as compared to isolated Ir single atoms. The discovery of the synergetic interaction in neighbouring single atoms could offer guidance for the development of efficient electrocatalysts, thus accelerating the world‘s transition to sustainable energy.
Zinc‐Ion Anchor Induced Highly Reversible Zn Anodes for High Performance Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Meng Xinyu , Chen Yining , Li Jianwen , Lin Shangyong , Han Chao , Ji Xiaobo , Chang Zhi , Pan Anqiang
Published: April 2024

Unstable Zn interface with serious detrimental parasitic side‐reactions and uncontrollable Zn dendrites severely plagues the practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. The interface stability was closely related to the electrolyte configuration and Zn2+ depositional behavior. In this work, a unique Zn‐ion anchoring strategy is originally proposed to manipulate the coordination structure of solvated Zn‐ions and guide the Zn‐ion depositional behavior. Specifically, the amphoteric charged ion additives (denoted as DM), which act as zinc‐ion anchors, can tightly absorb on the Zn surface to guide the uniform zinc‐ion distribution by using its positively charged −NR4+ groups. While the negatively charged −SO3− groups of DM on the other hand, reduces the active water molecules within solvation sheaths of Zn‐ions. Benefiting from the special synergistic effect, Zn metal exhibits highly ordered and compact (002) Zn deposition and negligible side‐reactions. As a result, the advanced Zn||Zn symmetric cell delivers extraordinarily 7000 hours long lifespan (0.25 mA cm−2, 0.25 mAh cm−2). Additionally, based on this strategy, the NH4V4O10||Zn pouch‐cell with low negative/positive capacity ratio (N/P ratio=2.98) maintains 80.4 % capacity retention for 180 cycles. A more practical 4 cm*4 cm sized pouch‐cell could be steadily cycled in a high output capacity of 37.0 mAh over 50 cycles.
New enantioenriched β‐indolyl ketones as aromatase inhibitors: Unraveling heme–ligand interactions by MD simulation and MMPBSA analysis
Authors: Pasha Maira Hasnain , Gondal Humaira Yasmeen , Munir Shanza , Alhussain Sami A. , Zaki Magdi E. A.
Published: April 2024

A series of enantioenriched β‐indolyl ketones as aromatase inhibitors (AI) is synthesized through the Michael‐type Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indole. A highly efficient bifunctionalized amino catalyst is developed to access structurally diverse β‐indolyl ketones in high yields (up to 91%) and excellent enantioselectivity (enantiomeric ratio up to 98:2). All the synthesized compounds demonstrated promising aromatase inhibitory potential, where ortho‐substituted analogs (3c and 3e) were found most active with IC50 values of 0.68 and 0.90 µM, respectively. Both of these compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.34 and 0.37 µM) against the MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line in the (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds demonstrate favorable binding interactions with the estrogens controlling CYP19A1 (3EQM) and metabolizing CYP3A4 (5VCC) enzymes. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation analysis revealed the essentiality of heme–ligand interactions to build a stable protein–ligand complex. An average root mean square deviation of 0.35 nm observed during a 100‐ns MD simulation and binding free energy in the range of −190 to −227 kJ/mol calculated by g_mmpbsa analysis authenticated the stability of the 3c–3EQM complex. ADMET and drug‐likeness parameters supported the suitability of these indole derivatives as the drug lead to develop potent inhibitors for estrogen‐dependent breast cancer.
How do life sciences cite social sciences? Characterizing the volume and trajectory of citations
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Sun Beibei , Guns Raf , Engels Tim C. E. , Huang Ying , Zhang Lin
Published: April 2024

Social sciences are increasingly recognized as significant for building a sustainable world since the social perspective can assist researchers in other fields in navigating public controversy and designing more responsible interaction mechanisms between the natural and social systems. However, the question arises: to what extent do natural sciences rely on social science research in their studies? Examining life science publications from seven PLoS journals, this paper attempts to characterize the volume and trajectory of citations from life sciences to social sciences. We explore three core questions: To what extent do life sciences cite social sciences? What actors in the life sciences are citing social sciences? Which actors in the social sciences are being cited? Our analysis estimates social sciences influence 15%–19% of life science publications, contributing to 1.1%–1.5% of references in 2018. Social science citers are found across peripheral and central topics of life science disciplines. Cited social science publications exhibit various levels of interdisciplinarity and achieve the greatest citation impact among peers. Citations to social sciences are prevalent in both theoretically and methodologically oriented sections. We show empirically the increasing impact of social sciences on the development of the life sciences.
Metal‐Free Visible‐Light Catalytic Deoxygenation of Azaaryl N‐Oxides: Harnessing Photons for Efficient Greener Synthesis
Authors: Mandal Susanta , Phukan Kimron Protim , Basumatary Joneswar , Roy Biswajit Gopal
Published: April 2024

Regio‐ and chemo‐selective functionalization of electron deficient azaarenes often required their transformations to corresponding N‐oxides and subsequent removal of oxygen after functionalization to get back the desired substituted azaarenes. An efficient metal‐free visible‐light photo‐redox catalytic deoxygenation of N‐oxides of azaheterocyclic compounds has been developed using acridinium based organo‐photocatalyst in blue LED light. High efficiency and mildness of this methodology has been demonstrated through higher deoxygenation yield of wide variety of azaheterocyclic N‐oxides with reactive functional groups. Robustness of the photocatalytic reduction has been demonstrated through easy scaling‐up of the reaction to gram level without much change in the reaction yield.
One–Pot Assembly of 2‐Trifluoromethyl Benzothiazole and Benzoselenazole via Copper–Mediated Three–Component Cascade Reaction
Authors: Huang Yangjie , You Chenhui , Hong Biqiong , Han Xiaoyan , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: April 2024

A domino one–pot synthesis of 2‐(trifluoromethyl) benzothiazole via copper–mediated three–component cascade reaction starting from the easily accessible starting materials such as o‐iodoanilines, methyl trifluoropyruvate, and elemental sulfur is reported. The present strategy displayed a comprehensive substrate scope and good functional group tolerance and enabled access to a variety of substituted 2‐(trifluoromethyl) benzothiazoles. A 2‐(trifluoromethyl) benzoselenazole has also been synthesized utilizing this reaction methodology.
Fluoro and Trifluoromethyl Benzoyl Hypoiodite Complexes with Substituted Pyridines
Authors: Kolařík Václav , Rissanen Kari , Ward Jas S.
Published: April 2024

Based on the prior observation of the trifluoroacetate hypoiodite, CF3C(O)OI, demonstrating the largest σ‐hole of a neutral halogen bond donor, a series of mono‐ and bis‐carbonyl hypoiodites utilising trifluoromethyl or fluorine substituents at various positions of a parent benzoyl skeleton have been synthesised. The carbonyl hypoiodite complexes were prepared via cation exchange of the silver(I) cations with iodine(I) from the respective silver(I) carboxylates and dicarboxylates as the synthetic precursors. A range of pyridinic Lewis bases of varying nucleophilicities were used to stabilise the carbonyl hypoiodites to further probe their properties. The silver(I) intermediates with these Lewis bases were also isolated for silver(I) pentafluorobenzoate, providing additional insight into the cation exchange reaction. All complexes were characterised both in solution (1H, 1H‐15N HMBC, 19F) and in the solid state (SCXRD), permitting insights into the formation of the elusive pyridine‐iodine(I) cation.
GABA and Glx predict EEG responses of visual sensitivity in autism
Authors: Sapey‐Triomphe Laurie‐Anne , Puts Nicolaas A. J. , Costa Thiago L. , Wagemans Johan
Published: April 2024

The mechanisms underlying atypical sensory processing in autism remain to be elucidated, but research points toward a role of the glutamatergic/GABAergic balance. To investigate the potential relationships between visual sensitivity and its molecular correlates in autism, we combined data from electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies. Twenty autistic adults and sixteen neurotypical adults (NT) participated in both an EEG study assessing visual sensitivity (Sapey‐Triomphe et al., Autism Research, 2023) and in an MRS study measuring Glx and GABA+ concentrations in the occipital cortex (Sapey‐Triomphe et al., Molecular Autism, 2021). These studies revealed no group differences in neural detection thresholds or in Glx/GABA levels in the occipital cortex. Neural detection thresholds for contrast and spatial frequency (SF) were determined using fast periodic visual stimulations and neural frequency tagging. In the present study, Glx/GABA+ concentrations in the occipital cortex and neural detection thresholds did not differ between groups. Interestingly, lower Glx/GABA+ ratios were associated with lower contrast detection thresholds and higher SF detection thresholds. These correlations were also significant within the neurotypical and autistic groups. This report suggests that the Glx/GABA balance regulates visual detection thresholds across individuals. In both autistic and NTs, lower Glx/GABA ratios in the occipital cortex allow for better detection of visual inputs at the neural level. This study sheds light on the neurochemical underpinnings of visual sensitivity in autism and warrants further investigation.
Characterizing PFAS concentrations in drinking water treatment residuals
Authors: Murray Conner C. , Gorzalski Alexander S. , Rosenfeldt Erik J. , Owen Christine , Moody Chris
Published: April 2024

While drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) are not considered a source of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), PFAS concentrate in treatment residuals relative to their source water concentrations. Regulatory actions considered for PFAS‐impacted residuals could affect the cost and viability of conventional residual management practices. This study estimated the annual quantity of residuals generated in the United States and presents a framework for understanding how PFAS may concentrate in these residual streams. Findings of this work indicate that PFAS may substantially impact DWTP residuals management, especially coagulation and softening solids, at concentration factors greater than 100 and spent adsorbents at PFAS concentration factors greater than 10,000. If potential regulatory actions were to apply to coagulation and softening residuals, those regulations must consider impacts on disposal of more than 420,000,000 wet tons of at‐risk DWTP residuals which are generated annually.
Bimetallic Selenide CuFeSe2 as Mg‐Storage Material for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Kong Qinghong , Cui Lianmeng , Liao Xiaobin , Yu Ruohan , Jiang Yalong , Wang Junjun , Zhang Wenwei , Wang Yu , Zhang Lei , An Qinyou
Published: April 2024

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are appealing alternatives for energy storage systems based on the high theoretical capacity, low price and high security of the Mg metal anode. Nevertheless, the shortage of high‐performance cathode materials severely obstructs its development. As an important conversion material, transition metal selenides, with desirable theoretical capacity and weak bond energy (Mg−Se), have attracted more attention in recent years. In this study, CuFeSe2 (CFS) nanoparticles were produced by a hydrothermal approach and its feasibility as a cathode material for RMBs was further investigated. Given the synergistic effect between Cu and Fe, the optimized CFS shows a reversible capacity of 120 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, outstanding long‐term cyclability (86 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 600 cycles), and prominent rate capability (85 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1). Density functional theory (DFT) computations conclude CFS exhibits a suitable migration barrier for Mg2+ along the tunnel of 0.92 eV. An in‐depth investigation of the mechanism demonstrates that the Mg storage process can be divided into solid solution reaction and the conversion processes by ex‐situ techniques. This work contributes to further investigate the Mg2+ storage mechanism of cathode materials for RMBs.
Polymers and their engineered analogues for ocular drug delivery: Enhancing therapeutic precision
Authors: Biswas Arpon , Kumar Shivansh , Choudhury Abhijit Deb , Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Sanap Sachin Nashik , Agrawal Sristi , Mishra Anjali , Verma Sarvesh Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Bhatta Rabi Sankar
Published: April 2024

Ocular drug delivery is constrained by anatomical and physiological barriers, necessitating innovative solutions for effective therapy. Natural polymers like hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and gelatin, alongside synthetic counterparts such as PLGA and PEG, have gained prominence for their biocompatibility and controlled release profiles. Recent strides in polymer conjugation strategies have enabled targeted delivery through ligand integration, facilitating tissue specificity and cellular uptake. This versatility accommodates combined drug delivery, addressing diverse anterior (e.g., glaucoma, dry eye) and posterior segment (e.g., macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy) afflictions. The review encompasses an in‐depth exploration of each natural and synthetic polymer, detailing their individual advantages and disadvantages for ocular drug delivery. By transcending ocular barriers and refining therapeutic precision, these innovations promise to reshape the management of anterior and posterior segment eye diseases.
Effective application of operator training simulator in experiential education
Authors: Bělohlav Vojtěch , Jirout Tomáš , Malecký Miroslav , Herink Tomáš
Published: April 2024

Connecting the chemical industry with the academic environment has created a unique opportunity to apply experiential learning in many areas of teaching. A new approach of using the existing operator training simulator, which is basically a digital twin of a new dicyclopentadiene plant, was used to educate and train students from technical universities. Using this simulator, students can gain adequate knowledge for control, process optimization, and problem solving under nonstandard operating conditions. Simulating a dynamic process in the Aspen HYSYS interface along with elements of a real industrial control system and control interface, and especially the online visualization of the results, helps students understand the physicochemical principles through their own intervention and experience of the consequences. The training simulator's ability to accurately reflect ongoing processes can be verified by students during a guided tour of a production plant. The experience with student learning so far shows that this is a very attractive and, above all, effective tool for extending the teaching of chemical engineering, control, and automation of chemical processes.
A Review on Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Euphorbia antiquorum L.
Authors: Saikia Lunasmrita , Bhattacharyya Jyotirmoy , Sen Saikat , Dutta Partha Pratim
Published: April 2024

Euphorbia antiquorum L. is a small plant in the Euphorbiaceae family that is found primarily in tropical and subtropical Asia. It has a long tradition of being utilized in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and other traditional systems for a variety of ailments. To date, More than 116 bioactive constituents were isolated from Euphorbia antiquorum, with diterpenoids being the most abundant. Extracts and isolated chemicals from various portions of the plant have demonstrated significant pharmacological activities such as anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, anticancer etc. It is necessary to conduct an in‐depth investigation of the phytochemicals along with the pharmacological properties of E. antiquorum. This review summarised the knowledge of ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the plant which will provide a better understanding to clarify the traditional uses of the species and its relation to modern pharmacology which will ultimately pave the way for its clinical application.
Anti‐inflammatory Steroids from the South China Sea Sponge Spongia officinalis
Authors: Liu Jiao , Liu Zi‐Yi , Fu Yan , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Li Song‐Wei , Zhang Hai‐Yan , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: April 2024

One new highly degraded steroid, namely 21‐nor‐4‐ene‐chaxine A (1) furnishing a 5/6/5‐tricyclic, along with one known related analogue (2), were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Spongia officinalis. Their structures including absolute configurations were established by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, TDDFT‐ECD calculation, and comparison with the spectral data previously reported in the literature. Compound 1 represent the new member of incisterols family with a highly degradation in ring B. In vitro bioassays revealed compound 2 exhibited significant anti‐microglial inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation in BV‐2 microglial cells.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for pure aortic insufficiency in a patient following David‐type aortic valve‐sparing root replacement after aortic dissection—A successful off‐label procedure
Authors: Oztas Didem Melis , Ozdemir Emrah , Bauernschmitt Robert , Ugurlucan Murat
Published: April 2024

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has traditionally been indicated for the treatment of aortic stenosis. However, in this case report, we describe a successful TAVI procedure in a 46‐year‐old male patient who had previously undergone David aortic valve‐sparing aortic root replacement for type 1 aortic dissection. The patient presented with aortic valve insufficiency 4 years after the initial surgery and was subsequently treated with a 34 mm Medtronic CoreValve Evolut R prosthesis via TAVI. This case highlights the feasibility of TAVI as a viable treatment option for postoperative aortic valve insufficiency in patients with prior ascending aortic or aortic arch surgery.
Durable complete response to PET‐CT driven stereotactic radiation therapy plus pembrolizumab for pleomorphic Pancoast cancer: Case report and literature review
Authors: Castelluccia Alessandra , Sardaro Angela , Niccoli Asabella Artor , Pisani Antonio Rosario , Rubini Dino , Portaluri Maurizio , Tramacere Francesco
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

PET‐driven SBRT plus pembrolizumab as first‐line therapy against pleomorphic Pancoast cancer appears beneficial, probably due to high equivalent doses of SBRT on photopenic necrotic core and synergic immune system stimulation of immunoradiotherapy.
Evaluation of flow dynamics in distal stent graft‐induced new entry using 4D flow MRI
Authors: Sakakibara Kenji , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Hagihara Yudai , Nakamura Chie , Shikata Daichi , Takesue Yuki , Shiraiwa Satoru , Honda Yoshihiro , Kaga Shigeaki , Hamasaki Masahiro , Johno Hisashi
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Distal stent graft‐induced new entry may occur after stent grafting for aortic dissection. Four‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging is useful for predicting outcomes, showing accelerated flow and increased wall shear stress, indicating further false lumen expansion.
Distinctive Chiral Conformations Induced to Poly (naphthalene‐1,4‐diyl) by Helix–sense–selective Polymerization and Circularly Polarized Light Irradiation
Authors: Wang Qingyu , Son Ka , Pietropaolo Adriana , Fortino Mariagrazia , Ogasawara Masamichi , Ohji Takehito , Shimoda Shuhei , Bando Masayoshi , Nakano Tamaki
Published: April 2024

Optically active poly(naphthalene‐1,4‐diyl) was prepared through helix–sense–selective polymerization of the corresponding monomers and also through circularly polarized light (CPL) irradiation, resulting in distinctive circular dichroism (CD) spectral patterns. Chirality of the helix–sense–selective polymerization ‐based polymer is ascribed to preferred–handed helicity while that of the CPL–based polymer to a non–helical, chiral conformation (‘biased–dihedral conformation’) with preferred–handedness which was stable only in the solid state. The helix of the helix–sense–selective polymerization–based polymer gradually racemized in tetrahydrofuran while it was stabilized by aggregate formation in a hexane–dichloromethane solution. Both helix–sense–selective polymerization‐ and CPL–based polymers exhibited efficient circularly polarized luminescence.
Coordination of a Phosphine‐Tethered Aminoborane to Group 10 Metals
Authors: Tiddens Martine R. , Kappé Bram T. , Smak Tom J. , Lutz Martin , Moret Marc‐Etienne
Published: April 2024

While π‐complexes of C=C bonds are ubiquitous in organometallic chemistry, analogous complexes of the isoelectronic but strongly polarized B=N double bond of aminoboranes are extremely scarce. To address this gap, a diphosphine‐aminoborane ligand (PhDPBAiPr) is introduced and its coordination with group 10 metals is investigated. The B=N bond does not coordinate to the metal in Pt(0) and Pd(II) complexes. In contrast, side‐on coordination of the B=N bond is observed in the Ni(0) complex (PhDPBAiPr)Ni(NCPh), and the X‐ray crystal structure reveals B−N bond elongation compared to the free ligand. The choice of co‐ligand strongly influences the presence or absence of side‐on coordination at Ni(0) as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy. While the B=N π‐complex is geometrically similar to C=C analogues, a bonding analysis reveals that the interaction of the B=N motif with the electron‐rich Ni(0) center is best described as 3c4e hyperbond, in which Ni and N are competing for the empty orbital on B.
Polymorphism Dependent Cytotoxicity, Cellular Uptake, and Live Cell Imaging Studies on Napthalimide‐Vinyl‐Phenothiazine Conjugate
Authors: Munthasir Akkarakkaran Thayyil Muhammed , Rani Poonam , Dhanalakshmi Pandi , Pradhan Sambit , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: April 2024

Polymorphism‐dependent cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of drug molecules have been studied for the past two decades. However, the visualization of polymorph‐dependent cellular uptake and cytotoxicity using microscopy imaging techniques has not yet been reported. The luminescent polymorph is an ideal candidate to validate the above hypothesis. Herein, we report the polymorph‐dependent cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and bio‐imaging functions of polymorphs 1Y and 1R of a naphthalimide‐phenothiazine dyad. These polymorphs show different luminescence colors in the solid state and exhibit aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in the DMSO‐Water mixture. Bioimaging, cytotoxicity assay, and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) studies revealed that these polymorphs show different levels of cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, localization, and imaging potential. Detailed photophysical, morphological, and biological studies revealed that the difference in molecular conformation in these polymorphs enables them to form aggregates of different sizes and morphology, which leads to the differential uptake of these into the cells and consequently shows different cytotoxicity and imaging potentials.