bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signaling Cascade through DC-ASGPR Induces Transcriptionally Active CREB for IL-10 Induction and Immune Regulation
Authors: Gu Chao , Wang Lei , Zurawski Sandra , Oh SangKon
Published: June 2019

The types and magnitude of Ag-specific immune responses can be determined by the functional plasticity of dendritic cells (DCs). However, how DCs display functional plasticity and control host immune responses have not been fully understood. In this study, we report that ligation of DC–asialoglycoprotein receptor (DC-ASGPR), a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) expressed on human DCs, resulted in rapid activation of Syk, followed by PLCγ2 and PKCδ engagements. However, different from other Syk-coupled CLRs, including Dectin-1, signaling cascade through DC-ASGPR did not trigger NF-κB activation. Instead, it selectively activated MAPK ERK1/2 and JNK. Rapid and prolonged phosphorylation of ERK1/2 led to sequential activation of p90RSK and CREB, which consequently bound to IL10 promoter and initiated cytokine expression. In addition, DC-ASGPR ligation activated Akt, which differentially regulated the activities of GSK-3α/β and β-catenin and further contributed to IL-10 expression. Our observations demonstrate that DC-ASGPR induces IL-10 expression via an intrinsic signaling pathway, which provides a molecular explanation for DC-ASGPR–mediated programing of DCs to control host immune responses.
Perspectives from the Christ hymn in Colossians 1:13–20 on cosmic powers and spiritual forces within an African context
Authors: Viljoen Francois P.
Published: June 2019

The central argument of this article is that the way in which the author of Colossians makes use of this Christ hymn can provide useful perspectives within the African context where people often struggle with assumed threats of cosmic powers and spiritual forces. The author of the letter positions and utilises a Christ hymn in a strategic and functional way. This hymn forms a pivotal point in his letter and mentions the crucial theological issues that are at stake. The Colossians were threatened by false teachings according to which they were subjected to different forces and powers. Christ is, however, exalted and praised as superior to all these powers. As such, the hymn lays the basis for the refutation of all the deceiving arguments. The hymn describes the significance of Christ. He is the mediator of creation, the reconciler of the world, and the head of the church. Dependence on Christ sets one free from ties to all the proposed powers. The author assumes that his readers would also associate with the contents of the hymn regarding the supremacy of Christ. If so, the author in effect wins his argument. He, therefore, does not need to convince them of his theological viewpoint anew, but can immediately continue warning them about the dangers of false teachings threatening their community.
Childhood tuberculosis in a South-East Nigerian tertiary hospital: Treatment outcomes and determinants
Authors: Onubogu Chinyere , Ugochukwu Ebele , Anyabolu Arthur , Ojukwu Juliet
Published: June 2019

Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Understanding the barriers to successful childhood TB treatment is vital to curbing the scourge of childhood TB. This study examined the outcomes and factors that influence the outcomes of childhood TB treatment in a South-East Nigerian tertiary hospital. Methods: A 10-year review of the medical records of under-15 year olds, who received anti-TB treatment at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Majority of the 501 childhood TB cases were new (89.6%) and pulmonary (73.3%) TB cases. TB-HIV coinfection occurred in 42.5% of cases. The rate of successful treatment was 62.9%. About 57.5% completed treatment, 5.4% were cured, 7.0% were transferred out, 21.4% were lost to follow-up, 0.4% had treatment failure while 8.4% died. Majority (61.6%) of deaths or loss to follow-up occurred during the first 2 months of treatment. Factors significantly associated with treatment outcomes were ascertainment of HIV status (P = 0.049), disease site (P = 0.013), nutritional status (P = 0.039), Mantoux test result (P = 0.002), and period of treatment (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Findings indicate high rate of unsuccessful childhood TB treatment outcomes. Efforts should be intensified to ensure improved outcomes through proactive search for childhood TB cases, early diagnosis and treatment, as well as adherence to and completion of treatment. Special attention should be given to high-risk groups including those with unknown HIV status, extrapulmonary TB, and severe malnutrition. It is imperative to determine the HIV status of all childhood TB cases.
Specification for O-Ring Face Seal Connectors: Part 1 - Tube Connection Details and Common Requirements for Performance and Tests
Authors:   Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee
Published: June 2019

The three parts of SAE J1453 cover material, dimensional, and performance requirements of steel O-ring face seal (ORFS) connectors for tubing and the O-ring face seal interface and nut portion of hose stem assemblies for nominal tube diameters of 6 through 50 mm.
“The Words Disappeared When Faced with Real Life Situations”: Communication Difficulties of Non-Native Speakers of Arabic in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Busaidi Fatma Yousuf
Published: June 2019

The learning of Arabic as a foreign language (AFL) is increasing around the world. Even so, non-native speakers learners of Arabic face an array of communication difficulties. The present study is intended to explore some of the possible communication difficulties encountered by adult learners of Arabic in the Sultanate of Oman. An interpretive approach was adopted for the study, using in-depth interviewing and participants’ diaries. The findings of the study revealed that non-native Arabic speakers face four distinct difficulties when they attempt to communicate in Arabic. These difficulties are categorized as: putting thoughts into words, maintaining continuous speaking, pronunciation-related issues and applying grammar in their speech. These findings call for improved teaching programs, bridging the gap between classroom teaching activities and authentic life situations and the placing of parallel emphasis on both standard (written) Arabic and vernacular spoken Arabic in its different contextual communities. It is recommended that more studies investigating the dichotomy between colloquial Arabic varieties and standard Arabic should be undertaken.
Changes and Continuities in Austria's Coping with Refugee Crises over Three Centuries
Authors: Kuzmany Börries
Published: June 2019

By bringing together the most important refugee crises that struck first the Habsburg Empire and later the Republic of Austria during the last three hundred years, this paper analyzes the longue durée experiences this country has had in dealing with such situations. It explores the driving factors behind societal and governmental responses and conceives four topics that are recurrent, if in different forms: 1) the socioeconomic disruption and the ethical imperative to provide relief; 2) the legal authorities and their power to determine a legal settlement and the ultimate right to belong; 3) their quest to maintain sovereignty and control; and 4) the question of the legitimacy of refugees as perceived by authorities but also by a (fickle) public opinion.
O Tribunal Militar em Nuremberg e o nascimento do pós-positivismo
Authors: Avanci Thiago Felipe S.
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho objetiva compreender elementos próprios do Pós Positivismo, a partir de uma leitura ampliativa de escolas do Direito, usando como fio condutor o Tribunal Militar Internacional (1945/1946), que julgou os crimes cometidos durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Este evento acabou por trazer à tona alguns profundos problemas em relação à escola analítica de Direito predominante à época, o Positivismo Clássico, os quais fizeram que a comunidade de estudiosos a repensassem de modo a superá-los. Ao final, se identifica em especial dois marcos que resumem a problemática do Positivismo clássico, ambas ocorridas no Tribunal Militar: o caráter de Exceção deste Tribunal; e a questão relacionada ao Estado de Direito, de se seguir estritamente à vontade da lei. Estes problemas ajudaram a amoldar o Pós Positivismo com soluções aprimoradas a partir de sua superação.
A prescrição da pretensão executória no Brasil: esforços legislativos para o ajuste do Art. 112, CP
Authors: Guaragni Fábio André , Pinto Basto Lupi André Lipp
Published: June 2019

Atualmente, movimentos legislativos buscam alinhar a prescrição penal, no Brasil, aos parâmetros consagrados no direito comparado, reduzindo a recorrente incidência do instituto em nichos de criminalidade, como os delitos de colarinho branco. Neste âmbito, faz-se a análise de projetos de lei em curso no Congresso Nacional que propõem alterações no termo inicial da prescrição da pretensão executória.
O Ensino de Estratégias de Leitura Mediado por Recursos Educacionais Digitais
Authors: Diesel Aline , Neumann Martins Silvana , Hepp Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho, de abordagem qualitativa, seguindo pressupostos da pesquisa-ação, teve como objetivo verificar as contribuições do ensino de estratégias de compreensão leitora mediado por recursos educacionais digitais. O aporte teórico é baseado na abordagem de estratégia de leitura preconizada por Solé (1998). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa escola de Ensino Fundamental da rede municipal de Marques de Souza/RS. Os sujeitos são os professores de Língua Portuguesa e os alunos de 5º e 8º ano da referida escola. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, fez-se uso do diário de campo da pesquisadora, que desenvolveu as atividades, e das professoras titulares da turma. A partir da prática desenvolvida, pôde-se evidenciar que a metodologia ativa peer instruction favorece significativamente o aprimoramento das estratégias de leitura dos alunos, especialmente a estratégia da inferenciação.
Preparation and characterization of
nano magnetic fluid for automotive
applications
Authors: Thanikachalam J. , Nagaraj P. , Karthikeyan S.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: of this paper is to prepare a nano magnetic fluids with nano additives to have
the combined characteristics of high yield stress and better magnetic properties for smart
vehicles. This study focuses on increasing the sedimentation time of the fluid using suitable
nano additive nickel along with graphene as fillers.
Design/methodology/approach: Magnetic nano sized nickel particle based electro-
magneto-rheological fluid was prepared and graphene nanoparticle with thickness less
than 10nm was introduced as an additive to reduce its sedimentation. This added plate like
graphene acts as filler which seals the interfaces of nickel particles and thereby it improves
the resistance to sedimentation. Triton X 100 was added as the surfactant for the fluid to
reduce the agglomeration of the particles.
Findings: Morphology of pure nickel and graphene were examined using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) images.
Research limitations/implications: The important limitations is that freely dispersed
micron sized iron particles could settle over a period of time, in the form of cakes at the
bottommost, and it is tedious to recuperate as dispersed phase. In this investigation, nano
sized nickel particles were used as additive to reduce the sedimentation of micron sized iron
particles so that, the mixture is homogeneous for extended period of time. In future, addition
of different types composite additives in the magnetorheological fluid could be made for the
better sedimentation control.
Practical implications: The sedimentation problem is one of the major drawback in the
smart fluids, which can be eliminated by adding nano particles. For conventional fluid, the
complete sedimentation will occur in 2 hours while the improved nano magnetic fluid with
additive has good resistance to settle the micron sized iron particle up to 10 hours.
Originality/value: To prepare a low cost magnetorheological fluid with nano additives like
nickel particles along with fillers as graphene nano particles. With this addition of nickel
and inclusion of graphene, the sedimentation problem in magnetorheological fluids is
significantly reduced. This magnetorheological fluids can be used in brakes and dampers
of automobiles.
Influence of loads in the process of
laying on the resource of sea pipelines
Authors: Poberezhny L. , Tregubenko S. , Poberezhna L. , Hrytsanchuk A. , Stanetsky A.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: In the process of laying on the bottom of the sea material of the pipeline
undergoes single-cycle alternating load. The purpose of the work is to determine the effect
of pre-operational loads on the resource of marine pipelines.
Design/methodology/approach: The influence of the method of construction of
pipelines on their stress-strain state is analysed. According to the real modes of packing of
sea pipelines, the loading regime is programmed and the laboratory modelling of the pipe-
laying process by the S-method has been programmed.
Findings: According to the results of one-cycle shift load were obtained characteristics of
the hysteresis loop. It is proposed to simplify the mathematical description of the hysteresis
loop of the pipeline laying cycle in the given form. It was shown that the preload during the
construction process negatively affects the durability of the pipeline material due to the
exhaustion of its plasticity resource, reducing it to 70%.
Research limitations/implications: In the future, investigations into the effect of
overloading and overloading during the repair of pipeline sections on their durability and on
the safe exploitation of resources should be continued.
Practical implications: The developed method of estimation of influence of pre-
operational loads in the process of pipeline laying on its safe exploitation resource is used
in gas-extraction enterprises.
Originality/value: To forecast the deformation behaviour of the pipeline material in the
laying cycle, it is efficient to use diagrams of a sign-changing single-cycle bend, which
were built considering the creep. The fatigue life capability of a steel pipeline depends on
the history of the pipeline load in the laying cycle. Ratio σ*0.2c / σ*0.2t and ε
yc / ε
yt can use as
power and deformation criteria for evaluating Bauschinger effect. It is suggested that fatigue
damage is determined by the width of the hysteresis loop.
La Rotonde Palatine a Thessalonique. Architecture et Mosaiques vol. I-II.
Authors: James Liz
Published: June 2019

Hjalmar Torp is one of the most important Norwegian scholars working on Classical and Byzantine material. Among many other honours and signs of regard, he is Professor Emeritus at the University of Oslo and Member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, who awarded him their prestigious Fridtjof Nansen medal in 1999. He has also been honoured with the Silver Medal of Hagios Demetrios from the Holy Diocese of Thessaloniki, and is a Knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
Sieben Schritte zum erfolgreichen Recruiting in Sozial- und Pflegeeinrichtungen
Authors: Schäfer Maja Roedenbeck
Published: June 2019

Der Fachkräftemangel betrifft die gesamte Branche, aber dennoch haben manche Träger mehr und andere weniger Probleme mit der Personalbeschaffung. Letztere haben erkannt, dass der Herausforderung nicht an den kleinen Stellschrauben begegnet werden kann, sondern ein echter Change Prozess im Unternehmen notwendig ist. Sie beschleunigen ihre Bewerbungsverfahren, erproben innovative Arbeitszeitmodelle, internationale Recruiting-Programme, professionelles Employer Branding und vieles mehr. Lesen Sie hier, welche Schritte auf dem Weg in die Zukunft des Recruitings zu gehen sind.
Psychological meanings of eating disorders and their association with symptoms, motivation toward treatment, and clinical evolution among outpatients
Authors: Gagnon-Girouard Marie-Pierre , Chenel-Beaulieu Marie-Pier , Aimé Annie , Ratté Carole , Bégin Catherine
Published: June 2019

Unlike patients suffering from egodystonic disorders, people with eating disorders sometimes attribute positive meanings to their symptoms, and this attribution process contributes to the maintenance of the disorder. This study aims at exploring psychological meanings of eating disorders and their associations with symptoms, motivation toward treatment, and clinical evolution. Eighty-one adults with an eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, n = 46 and bulimia nervosa, n = 35) treated in a day-hospital program were asked, each week over an 8-week period, to identify the psychological meanings they ascribed to their eating disorder. Avoidance was the most frequently identified meaning, followed by mental strength, security, death, confidence, identity, care, and communication. Avoidance was more frequently mentioned by participants with bulimia than in cases of anorexia. Security and mental strength were associated with less motivation toward treatment. Death was associated with more depressive and anxious symptoms. An exploratory factor analysis showed that these meanings formed three main dimensions: Avoidance, Intrapsychic, and Relational. Findings suggest that psychological meanings associated with eating disorders can be assessed and used as a clinical tool to increase treatment acceptability and effectiveness.
Memory, subjective memory and motor functioning in non-demented elders with and without Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Fastame Maria Chiara , Hitchcott Paul Kenneth , Corona Federica , Pilloni Giuseppina , Porta Micaela , Pau Massimiliano , Penna Maria Pietronilla
Published: June 2019

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms impacting life quality. The main aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of PD on objective (i.e., working memory and semantic memory) and subjective memory (i.e., self-reported seriousness of forgetting, mnemonic usage and actual memory efficiency) controlling for the effect of depressive symptomatology. The relationship of working memory performance to gait and mobility indices was also examined, as well as the factors predicting subjective memory were explored. Fifty-four community-dwelling adults (mean age = 72.3 years, SD = 8.8) were recruited in Sardinia, an Italian island located in the Mediterranean Sea. Specifically, 27 non-demented adults with mild, early-stage PD were matched for years of education, age, and gender with a sample of healthy individuals. Participants completed a test battery assessing objective memory, subjective memory, and depressive symptoms, and an instrumental analysis of gait and functional mobility was performed. Participants with PD had poorer objective memory across all indices measured and displayed a restricted set of gait and posture impairments. Working memory performance was selectively related to gait and posture measures. Moreover, participants with PD had lower trust in their memory efficiency relative to the past than the control healthy group. Finally, 22% of the variance in seriousness of the consequences of forgetting was predicted by education and general cognitive efficiency. Overall, the present findings confirm the presence of changes in both objective and subjective memory in PD, independent from depressive symptoms.
Efeitos do uso de frequência de ultrassom na dispersão de sedimentos agregados
Authors: De Almeida Wallington Felipe , Matinc Caroliny , Mendes Anderson Braga , Konrad Odorico
Published: June 2019

Sedimentologia é a ciência responsável pelos estudos referente aos sedimentos fluviais e os problemas causados por estes. Estudos sedimentológicos são de grande importância ambiental e econômica para a sociedade. Na matriz energética brasileira são predominantes as fontes hidráulicas. Consequentemente, torna-se essencial fazer a estimativa precisa do fluxo de sedimentos, prevenindo assim problemas como o assoreamento dos reservatórios. Sedimentos agregados proporcionam superestimações em cálculos de vida útil de Usinas Hidrelétricas. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar a influência da técnica de desagregação de sedimentos por ultrassom, utilizando análises granulométricas e de turbidez para comprovar a importância da aplicação deste método. O trabalho foi realizado em rios afluentes ao reservatório da usina hidrelétrica Itaipu, junto ao departamento de sedimentologia da empresa. A metodologia utilizada dividiu-se em duas etapas: ensaios laboratoriais e correlação dos dados gerados. Para a etapa de ensaios laboratoriais utilizou-se o equipamento de ultrassom como forma de dispersar as partículas agregadas. Foi possível identificar a ação do ultrassom com a perda da concentração volumétrica de sedimentos em suspensão (µL.L-1) das amostras. Ao adotar esta técnica como pré-tratamento nas amostras antes das análises granulométricas é possível quantificar corretamente o tipo de sedimento afluente ao lago de Itaipu, o que proporciona maior eficiência nos cálculos de vida útil do reservatório.
Justin som bibelteolog
Authors: Müller Mogens
Published: June 2019

Justin Martyr (dead ca. 165) is the earliest known Christian author to develop a Biblical theology. At the same time, he is the last one to acknowledge the Old Testament as Scripture. Especially in his Dialogue with the Jew Trypho, but already in the two Apologies Justin quotes Jewish Holy Scripture extensively. He is the first Christian author to refer to the Septuagint legend about the translation of the Pentateuch, which he extends also to include the translation of the other parts of the Old Testament. Justin is not only convinced about the infallibility of Scripture: he also maintains that the Christians are alone competent to know its real meaning because only they possess the Holy Spirit. The article looks upon Justin as a Bible theologian, focusing on what the Old Greek translation, the Septuagint, contributed to the development of his theology. The rendering ‘virgin’ in Isaiah 7,14 became a point of departure for his distinguishing in a series of Old Testament stories between the eternal, invisible God and another god, an ἕτερος θεός, who acted in a figure visible to humans and who was the pre-existent Christ. In his selection of Old Testament texts, Justin seems to have aimed at giving content to the saying in Luke 24,44. Thus, he delivers proof from Scripture for the belief that the promised Messiah must be identified with Jesus. As to the question of how Justin became acquainted with Old Testament Scripture, the article defends the view that it was mainly through independent reading. Thus, he did not use any already existing collections of testimonia. Rather, he created one. To the old question of how Justin could quote the same text in different versions, the preferred answer in this article is that the Dialogue mainly consists of older manuscripts, which Justin had, in an old age, mechanically worked together, not so much in order to convince Jews as to offer a manual for Christians who might be tempted by a Jewish understanding of Scripture.
Paroles diffamantes, images infamantes
Authors: Wroblewski Ania
Published: June 2019

La création artistique peut-elle véritablement faire du mal? Si oui, le mal, est-il tout de suite visible, palpable? Ou bien, le mal ne surgit-il que plus tard, après que le temps et l’histoire lui ont donné tort ou raison? Afin d’esquisser une éthique ou une esthétique de l’infamie et de la diffamation, ce numéro de Captures étudie des œuvres qui ont été dénoncées par le tribunal de l’opinion publique ou accusées et sanctionnées par la justice.
Évanescentes limites de l’infamie
Authors: Meurée Christophe
Published: June 2019

Les œuvres à caractère antisémite d’Edmond Picard sont une page noire de l’histoire de la littérature belge, dont le public et les spécialistes ont longtemps détourné les yeux. Picard est de ces infâmes qu’il convient de traiter avec mépris ou circonspection. Mais comprendre ce qui relève de l’infamie dans son œuvre éclaire, au sein des populismes aujourd’hui en vogue, leurs emprunts à l’imaginaire et à la rhétorique de la fin du XIXe siècle, et rappelle que l’infâme passe toujours d’abord inaperçu.
Vérités et fictions de l’infanticide
Authors: Godin Louis-Daniel
Published: June 2019

Cet article se penche sur les textes de Marguerite Duras et de Philippe Besson portant sur un fait divers très médiatisé en France depuis plus de trente ans : le meurtre du jeune Grégory Villemin. Ces récits opèrent une transgression (éthique, morale, légale) en s’appropriant des faits réels non transposés pour les rejouer ou les interpréter dans un cadre littéraire. Il s’agit ici de montrer selon quelles modalités ces deux textes déjouent ou se jouent poétiquement de l’événement en question.
Independently tunable dual-band plasmon induced transparency enabled by graphene-based terahertz metamaterial
Authors: Liu JunXing , Jin KaiLong , He XiaoYong , Zhang WenJie , Lin Xian , Jin ZuanMing , Ma GuoHong
Published: June 2019

A dual-band plasmon induced transparency (DBPIT) metamaterial based on monolayer graphene in terahertz regime is designed and studied numerically. We demonstrated that both the resonance frequency and transmission amplitude of the structure can be independently tuned by manipulating the Fermi level of graphene via gate voltage. The terahertz transmission of the DBPIT can be well reproduced with a classical three-oscillator model. Furthermore, the transmission amplitude can be additionally enhanced due to the improved mode coupling originated from the magnetic near field enhancement enabled by the Diabolo-like structure. This work may open up a new avenue for designing multiple-band functional devices.
The cutting-edge morphology of the mole snake’s dental apparatus
Authors: Evans Alexandra M. , Choiniere Jonah N. , Alexander Graham J.
Published: June 2019

The mole snake (Pseudaspis cana) is capable of inflicting unusual bites in defence and during male combat that present as two parallel lacerations. We investigated the dental morphology of the mole snake by making SEM images, and by CT-scanning and digitally reconstructing the skulls of 14 specimens comprising both sexes. The lengths, volumes, shapes and positions of maxillary and dentary teeth were compared within individuals, between individuals, and between sexes. CT reconstructions show the occurrence of large, flat triangular teeth at the posterior end of the maxilla that are angled to point towards the posterior of the skull. SEM imagery highlights the presence of sharp ridges (carinae) on the posterior edges of the posterior dentary and maxillary teeth. Males have greater dental specialization, maxillary tooth variation, enlargement of the posterior-most maxillary teeth, and dentary teeth with posterior carinae. We hypothesize that mole snake dental specializations are adaptations for their particular form of male combat and possibly for subduing prey in the confines of underground burrows. Our findings reveal a complex dental morphology in mole snakes and provide impetus for further studies on the functional morphology of snake teeth.
Metabolic traits specific for lipid-overproducing strain of Mucor circinelloides WJ11 identified by genome-scale modeling approach
Authors: Isarankura Na Ayudhya Nattapat , Laoteng Kobkul , Song Yuanda , Meechai Asawin , Vongsangnak Wanwipa
Published: June 2019

The genome-scale metabolic model of a lipid-overproducing strain of Mucor circinelloides WJ11 was developed. The model (iNI1159) contained 1,159 genes, 648 EC numbers, 1,537 metabolites, and 1,355 metabolic reactions, which were localized in different compartments of the cell. Using flux balance analysis (FBA), the iNI1159 model was validated by predicting the specific growth rate. The metabolic traits investigated by phenotypic phase plane analysis (PhPP) showed a relationship between the nutrient uptake rate, cell growth, and the triacylglycerol production rate, demonstrating the strength of the model. A putative set of metabolic reactions affecting the lipid-accumulation process was identified when the metabolic flux distributions under nitrogen-limited conditions were altered by performing fast flux variability analysis (fastFVA) and relative flux change. Comparative analysis of the metabolic models of the lipid-overproducing strain WJ11 (iNI1159) and the reference strain CBS277.49 (iWV1213) using both fastFVA and coordinate hit-and-run with rounding (CHRR) showed that the flux distributions between these two models were significantly different. Notably, a higher flux distribution through lipid metabolisms such as lanosterol, zymosterol, glycerolipid and fatty acids biosynthesis in iNI1159 was observed, leading to an increased lipid production when compared to iWV1213. In contrast, iWV1213 exhibited a higher flux distribution across carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms and thus generated a high flux for biomass production. This study demonstrated that iNI1159 is an effective predictive tool for the pathway engineering of oleaginous strains for the production of diversified oleochemicals with industrial relevance.
Pyridinium Crosslinks (Pyd) in the Urine is Associated with Stunting in Neonates
Authors: Hayati Aslis Wirda , Aziz Alkausyari , Ahmad Siti Rohaiza , Ningsih Sri Widia
Published: June 2019

Aims: The aim of the research is to evaluate the reliability of bone resorption biomarkers called Pyridinium Crosslinks (Pyd) in the urine of the neonates as an evaluation to bone growth of the neonate, as an indicator of stunting.

Study Design:  A cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Andini Mothers and Children Hospital (Pekanbaru, Indonesia). Duration of the study was between, August until September 2014.

Methodology: Subjects of study were 35 healthy neonates. Subjects were recruited at the first 3 days of life.  Body length gauges, digital weighting scale, family socioeconomic questionnaires and Pyd kit were used to collect the data.  Differences in the mean of the research variables were tested using an Independent t-test. 

Results: Results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.01) in terms of height for age and Pyd in the urine of stunted (body length <48 cm) versus normal (body length ≥48 cm) neonates.  The contents of Pyd in the urine of stunted neonates were 982.9±61.6 and normal neonates was 594.1±266.1 nmol/mmol.

Conclusion: Therefore, there is a possible association between height for age and Pyd in the urine as a potential early indicators to identify stunted and normal neonates.
Bacteriocin Production by Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC 0383, Measured in Terms of Its Antagonistic Activity against Bacteria Pathogens of Selected Vegetables
Authors: Ihum T. A. , Iheukwumere C. C. , Ogbonna I. O. , Gberikon G. M.
Published: June 2019

This study was carried out to measure the optimum condition for Bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus plantarum. Bacteriocin production with the candidate bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC 0383) was optimized by varying the incubation temperature and adjusting the pH of the production medium, whilst estimating bacteriocin production in terms of the antagonistic activity (zone of inhibition mm) against bacteria pathogens of selected vegetables using the well diffusion assay. Bacteriocin production was highest at temperatures of 30 and 35oC and pH values of 6.0 and 6.5, further decrease or increase in temperature and pH values markedly decreased bacteriocin production. Increase in bacteriocin production as regards time was observed between the 24th -36th hours of incubation, contrariwise increased incubation time was accompanied by a decline in bacteriocin production. The present study provides detailed information on bacteriocin production (estimated in terms of the antagonistic activity) as it relates to specific isolates strains.
Ahmose I
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Ahmose U, king of Egypt, late sixteenth century
bce
. Son of King Taa, brother‐husband of Ahmose‐Nefertiry, father of Amenhotep I.
Demons, Pharaonic Egypt
Authors: Szpakowska Kasia
Published: June 2019

An overview of “demons” in Ancient Egypt.
Herihor
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Herihor, High Priest of Amun, later king of southern Egypt, 20th/21st Dynasty, first half of eleventh centurybce.
Merenptah
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Merenptah, king of Egypt, 19th Egyptian Dynasty, early twelfth century
bce
.
Rameses I–XI
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: June 2019

Rameses I–XI, kings of Egypt, 19th and 20th Egyptian Dynasties, thirteenth to eleventh centuriesbce.
Transport, Roman
Authors: Kolb Anne
Published: June 2019

An efficient and reliable means of transport was vital to both the state and private individuals. There was considerable interconnectivity between the various parts of the Roman Empire, aided by an extensive road network and well‐established sea routes across the Mediterranean.
City Gates, Roman
Authors: van Tilburg Cornelis
Published: June 2019

Roman city gates are remarkable structures. They are integral to the road and defense systems of towns, and sometimes also incorporate the sewerage and drinking‐water supply systems. They can also function as a symbol of the city's wealth. Three stages can be distinguished in the development of gates. Originally gates were built as simple structures, particularly serving city protection. During the second stage, the type developed into a magnificent building equipped with towers and embellishments, partly for the purpose of regulating traffic flow, but mainly to serve a representational function as a symbol of a city's status. Finally, during the third and last stage, the prime purpose was again protective and defensive. These stages corresponded, roughly, with the Republic, the Empire, and Late Antiquity. The number of gate passages can also be correlated with the presence of extramural structures such as houses and factories which generated an increased volume of traffic.
Deditio
Authors: Morrell Kit
Published: June 2019

Deditio
(surrender), more specifically
deditio in fidem
or
in potestatem
, was the formal and unconditional surrender of a foreign people to Rome, either as the conclusion to a war or in peacetime, as a means of securing Roman protection against a third party.
Deditio
by an enemy was an appeal for mild treatment, strengthened by its association with
fides
(good faith), and often realized in practice. Although
deditio
gave Rome absolute discretion over those who surrendered, in practice Rome often restored their rights and property.
Trebatius (Gaius Trebatius Testa)
Authors: Gamauf Richard
Published: June 2019

Gaius Trebatius Testa was a widely esteemed jurist in the last years of the Republic and the beginning of the Principate. He was a legal advisor to Cicero, Caesar, and Augustus and the teacher of M. Antistius Labeo. At his behest, Cicero wrote his
Topica
.
Distributed two‐stage state estimation with event‐triggered strategy for multirate sensor networks
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Yinya , Qi Guoqing , Sheng Andong
Published: June 2019

This paper investigates the state estimation issue for a class of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with the consideration of limited energy resources. First, a multirate estimation model is established, and then, a new event‐triggered two‐stage information fusion algorithm is developed based on the optimal fusion criterion weighted by matrices. Compared with the existing methods, the presented fusion algorithm can significantly reduce the communication cost in WSNs and save energy resources of sensors efficiently. Furthermore, by presetting a desired containment probability over the interval [0,1] with the developed event‐triggered mechanism, one can obtain a suitable compromise between the communication cost and the estimation accuracy. Finally, a numerical simulation for the WSN tracking system is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Cobalt‐Based Amorphous Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water‐Splitting Evolved from a Single‐Source Lazulite Cobalt Phosphate
Authors: Menezes Prashanth W. , Panda Chakadola , Walter Carsten , Schwarze Michael , Driess Matthias
Published: June 2019

Over the years, cobalt phosphates (amorphous or crystalline) have been projected as one of the most significant and promising classes of nonprecious catalysts and studied exclusively for the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, their successful utilization of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the reaction of overall water‐splitting is rather unexplored. Herein, presented is a crystalline cobalt phosphate, Co3(OH)2(HPO4)2, structurally related to the mineral lazulite, as an efficient precatalyst for OER, HER, and water electrolysis in alkaline media. During both electrochemical OER and HER, the Co3(OH)2(HPO4)2 nanostructure was completely transformed in situ into porous amorphous CoOx
(OH) films that mediate efficient OER and HER with extremely low overpotentials of only 182 and 87 mV, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. When assemble as anode and cathode in a two‐electrode alkaline electrolyzer, unceasing durability over 10 days is achieved with a final cell voltage of 1.54 V, which is superior to the recently reported effective bifunctional electrocatalysts. The strategy to achieve more active sites for oxygen and hydrogen generation via in situ oxidation or reduction from a well‐defined inorganic material provides an opportunity to develop cost‐effective and efficient electrocatalysts for renewable energy technologies.
Controllable Formation of Luminescent Carbon Quantum Dots Mediated by the Fano Resonances Formed in Oligomers of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Yunbao , Liu Haiying , Li Jinxiang , Xiang Jin , Panmai Mingcheng , Dai Qiaofeng , Xu Yi , Tie Shaolong , Lan Sheng
Published: June 2019

Rapid and controllable formation of fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is highly desirable in the fields of nanophotonics and biophotonics. Here, a novel strategy for creating CQDs, which emit white light efficiently under the excitation of either laser light or a mercury lamp, is proposed and demonstrated. The luminescent CQDs are generated by irradiating a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film doped with dense gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with femtosecond laser pulses. The creation of CQDs from PVA is a two‐step dehydration process mediated by AuNPs which act not only as heat sources but also as catalytic agents. The formation of CC, CC, and CO bonds is confirmed by infrared Fourier transformation spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is revealed both numerically and experimentally that a spatially localized temperature distribution at the deep subwavelength scale can be achieved in oligomers of AuNPs by resonantly exciting the Fano resonances formed in the oligomers of AuNPs, enabling the generation of CQDs with small diameters. As one of the potential applications, it is demonstrated that optical display and optical data storage with ultralow energy can be realized by selectively introducing luminescent CQDs in the AuNP/PVA film.
Strategies for Overcoming Defects of HKUST‐1 and Its Relevant Applications
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Zhu Haolin , Zeng Qun , Liu Dingxin
Published: June 2019

In recent decades, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have achieved rapid development owing to the considerable concern from researchers. As one of the most intensely studied MOFs, HKUST‐1 has shown remarkable performance which is considered feasible to apply in actual applications. However, the weak mechanical properties and water instability hinder its development which are mainly ascribed to lattice defects and surface barriers that impede mass transfer and molecular diffusion as well as electronic transmission. This review summarizes the recent literatures on the strategies of enhancing the above defects of virgin HKUST‐1 and its various applications, mainly adsorption and separation, catalyst, sensor as well as optical and electronic applications. These improving strategies improve specific properties of HKUST‐1 by decreasing the defects density, which will make this material more applicable for potential fields. Main strategies include the following: (1) modifying HKUST‐1 with an “armor,” (2) getting durable MOFs by direct synthesis or surface hydrophobization, (3) reconstructing the moisture‐degraded HKUST‐1, and (4) making use of the buffer action of sacrificial bonds.
Active Terahertz Shielding and Absorption Based on Graphene Foam Modulated by Electric and Optical Field Excitation
Authors: Xu Shi‐Tong , Fan Fei , Cheng Jierong , Chen Honghui , Ma Wenle , Huang Yi , Chang Shengjiang
Published: June 2019

Ultralight materials for broadband terahertz (THz) shielding and absorption are promising in practical THz applications. Here, active THz shielding and absorption properties of 3D graphene foam (GF) controlled by both laser pumping and biased electric field are investigated. The GF can be tuned from OFF‐shielding state to ON‐shielding state when the external field excitations are applied, and 10 dB shielding bandwidth expands from 0 to a broad band of 0.2–1.6 THz. Further researches show that the GF always keeps very low THz reflection either with or without external fields, but its absorption characteristics can be remarkably controlled from 13% to 95.4% at 0.3 THz by the power of the external excitations, and its specific average terahertz absorption performance increases from 3.9 × 103 to 1.95 × 104 dB cm3 g−1. This modulation mechanism reveals that the carrier density in GF increases one order of magnitude from 2.6 × 1014 cm−3 to 3.15 × 1015 cm−3. Finally, the tunable THz shielding and absorption characteristics of this GF device are demonstrated by THz transmission imaging, which shows its great potential applications in active THz imaging, radar, and electromagnetic compatibility.
C(sp2)−H Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Groups in Chiral Small‐Molecule Organocatalysts
Authors: Reep Carlyn , Sun Shiyu , Takenaka Norito
Published: June 2019

Asymmetric catalysis of chemical transformations by chiral small organic molecules has become an important approach in organic synthesis. Attractive noncovalent interactions such as N(O)−H hydrogen‐bonding, π‐stacking, and cation‐π interactions have been exploited as the primary and/or secondary function(s) of the catalysts, but C(sp2)−H hydrogen‐bonding interactions have been underutilized in this context. This Minireview showcases selected organocatalysts in which C(sp2)−H hydrogen‐bonding interactions are invoked in their mechanism of catalysis, examples of which can be inspirational for the development of new catalysts.
Gap Solitons in Fractional Dimensions With a Quasi‐Periodic Lattice
Authors: Huang Changming , Li Chunyan , Deng Hanying , Dong Liangwei
Published: June 2019

The existence and stability of gap solitons in the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation are investigated with a quasi‐periodic lattice. In the absence of nonlinearity, the exact band‐gap spectrum of the proposed system is obtained, and it is found that the spectrum gap size can be adjusted by the sublattice depth and the Lévy index. Under self‐defocusing nonlinearity, both in‐phase and out‐of‐phase gap solitons have been searched in the first four gaps. It is revealed that in‐phase gap solitons are generally stable in wide regions of their existence, whereas stable out‐of‐phase gap solitons can only exist in the fourth spectrum gap. Linear stability analysis of gap solitons is in good agreement with their corresponding nonlinear evolutions in fractional dimensions. The presented numerical findings may lead to interesting applications, such as transporting of light beams through the optical medium, and other areas connected with the Kerr effect and fractional effect.
CuI‐Catalyzed coupling reaction of diazophosphonates with ferrocenylacetylenes: an efficient synthesis of ferrocene‐containing allenylphosphonates
Authors: Guo Le , Zhao Wanrong , Li Min , Dong Shuqi , Gong Jianye , Chen Shufeng
Published: June 2019

An efficient synthesis of ferrocene‐containing allenylphosphonates via CuI‐catalyzed coupling reaction of diazophosphonates with ferrocenylacetylenes in the presence of Et3N has been reported. This coupling methodology is applicable to a broad scope of substrates, allowing the synthesis of a range of synthetically valuable ferrocene‐containing trisubstituted allene derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.
Highly sensitive and selective detect of p‐arsanilic acid with a new water‐stable europium metal–organic framework
Authors: Wang Chao‐Yang , Fu Huifen , Wang Peng , Wang Chong‐Chen
Published: June 2019

The p‐arsanilic acid (p‐ASA), as an aromatic organoarsenic compounds, had received considerable concerns for their potential toxicity and carcinogenic properties. It was essential to detect p‐ASA with a facile method. In this paper, an europium based fluorescent metal–organic framework (MOF) [Eu2(clhex)·2H2O)]·H2O (BUC‐69) was successfully prepared under hydrothermal conditions with 1,2,3,4,5,6‐cyclohexanehexacarboxylic acid (H6clhex) as organic linker. BUC‐69 displayed superior fluorescence capability to achieve selective and sensitive detection toward p‐ASA in water, which presented the first example of a MOF‐based sensor to detect p‐ASA. BUC‐69 showed excellent chemical stability in solutions under pH ranging from 4 to 12, which makes it be a potential sensor both in acidity and alkalinity condition. Significantly, BUC‐69 performed well in fluorescent sensing of p‐ASA at a low concentration (10−6 M) in the simulated wastewater prepared with real lake water, and the results were comparable to the values detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP‐OES). The corresponding mechanism of fluorescent sensing toward p‐ASA with BUC‐69 was proposed and affirmed.
Sodium hydrosulfide mitigates dexamethasone‐induced osteoblast dysfunction by interfering with mitochondrial function
Authors: Ma Jun , Fu Qiang , Wang Zhu , Zhou Peng , Qiao Suchi , Wang Bo , Chen Aimin
Published: June 2019

Osteoporosis is one of the clinical complications of long‐term treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs), characterized by systemic damage of bone mass and osteoblast dysfunction. Hydrogen sulfide was found to be involved in GCs‐induced osteoblast dysfunction. Osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cell and mitochondrial function were determined by cell viability, M‐CSF level, and ALP activity and superoxide production, membrane potential, and ATP level, respectively. The purpose of this research was to explore the impact of NaHS on osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cell function as well as on Sirt1 and PGC1α expression in dexamethasone (DEX)‐treated osteoblast cells. DEX‐treated MC3T3‐E1 cells exhibited decreased cell viability and ALP activity, as well as increased M‐CSF level; all these changes were dramatically attenuated by NaHS. DEX‐treated cells also displayed mitochondrial dysfunction, namely decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP generation and increased superoxide generation, which were partly reversed by NaHS. We confirmed decreased Sirt1 and PGC1α protein expression in DEX‐treated MC3T3‐E1 cells by Western blot, which was also partly reversed by NaHS. Silencing of Sirt1 abrogated the protective effect of NaHS against DEX‐induced cell damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. NaHS alleviates DEX‐induced osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cell injury by improving mitochondrial function.
A Phenomenological Investigation of Creative Teaching in Counselor Education
Authors: McGhee Carla , Baltrinic Eric R. , Laux John , Clark Madeline , Liu Yanhong , Harmening Debra
Published: June 2019

The authors conducted a phenomenological investigation of creative teaching with 10 counselor educators. The resulting 4 themes suggest creative teaching (a) is shaped by past experiences, (b) promotes student engagement, (c) is not formulary, and (d) requires risk taking. Implications for creative teaching strategies and training are provided. Limitations and implications for future research on creative pedagogy are discussed.