bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Aspects of QoS for High Performance of Service-Oriented Computing in Load Balancing Cluster-Based Web Server
Authors: Bora Abhijit , Bezboruah Tulshi
Published: December 2016

Quality estimation for viability of data processing and delivering through the paradigm of service oriented computing and load balancing cluster based web server for high performance of services against extensive load of consumers is an important concern in the domain of grid and distributed computing, big data analysis and internet of things. As such, this chapter proposes a quality estimation framework considering a prototype architecture for multi service multi-functional web services deploying in load balancing cluster based Apache Tomcat web server and developing a clinical database for processing disease related queries through the architecture. The high quality of service is monitored by generating extensive load of users over the system through Mercury LoadRunner load testing tool. In this chapter, the authors will discuss the methodology to study the quality of service, recorded quality metrics against different load of users and the statistical analysis along with results to establish the feasibility, applicability and adaptability of proposed quality estimation framework.
An Integrative Approach to Study on Consumer Behavior towards Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Revolution
Authors: Adnan Nadia , Nordin Shahrina Md , Rahman Imran , Vasant Pandian , Noor Muhammad Amir
Published: December 2016

Transport electrification has experienced major deviations for the last few decades. Current investigation towards the implication of green technologies to decrease pollution and increase diffusion of renewable energy in the transportation sector are achieving more attention. The significance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) play a key role towards the policy option to reduce the environmental concern. There are major uncertainties in the diffusion of PHEVs timing of market distribution among consumers. However, there has been a considerable effort made towards the benefit of PHEVs demand. Yet, the debates on consumer behavioral economics towards the adoption of electric vehicles are less recognized. Researchers highlight the significance of PHEVs from a combined perspective considering PHEVs which allows bi-directional flow of electricity. However, it mainly focuses on interface among technology adoption and consumer behavior includes many other aspects such as individual adoption behavior, vehicles performance, environmental concern and power system demand.
Cyberstalking Victimization and Perpetration among Greek College Students
Authors: Kalaitzaki Argyroula
Published: December 2016

Cyberstalking is a rapidly growing phenomenon, which is becoming more common among youth nowadays. The study aimed at investigating: 1) the prevalence, behaviors, and tactics of both victims and perpetrators among a sample of Greek undergraduate students, 2) the correlates of victimization and perpetration with personality, attachment style, and relating to others, and 3) the impact of cyberstalking on victims' mental health. Results showed that 23.9% of the students were victims and 9% were perpetrators, with females, disproportionately both experiencing and inflicting cyberstalking. Negatively close relating (i.e., intrusive, restrictive and possessive relating) increased the risk of cyberstalking perpetration, whereas negatively distant relating (suspicious, avoidant, and self-reliant relating) decreased the risk of cyberstalking victimization. Agreeableness decreased the risk of perpetration. Mother's affectionless control increased the risk of both perpetration and victimization and mother's neglectful parenting increased the risk of perpetration only.
The Education of Roma Children
Authors: McDermott J. Cynthia , Chapel Fredrick M. , Drahokoupil Štěpán Vidím , Bakšić-Muftić Jasna , Daniel Stanislav , Hancock Ian , Symeou Loizos
Published: December 2016

The education of Roma children presents many challenges throughout the world because of poverty, issues of isolation and discrimination. In many countries where Roma reside, laws exist that prohibit discrimination against this minority group. A variety of conflicting issues exist for Roma children. On one hand, the Roma communities practice cultural norms that are in conflict with a typical schooling environment that requires significant structure and lack of independent support. Conversely, schools fail to provide appropriate bilingual instruction for Roma children who usually do not speak the local language. In most countries discrimination attitudes create segregated schools and insufficient social services. Many efforts and organizations are in place to positively impact these challenges to provide quality education for all Roma children.
Value Relevance of Accounting Information in Capital Markets
Authors: Ojo Marianne , DiGabriele James A
Published: December 2016

“The sell-off in US Treasury bonds in 2013 had global repercussions, impacting broad ranges of asset classes in both advanced and emerging market economies. The sell-off in 1994 is distinguished from 2003 and 2013 episodes in that, in 1994, not only did long-term rates surge, short-term rates also picked up significantly. By contrast, in both 2003 and 2013, bond market stress was confined mostly to longer maturities, although drivers of the 2003 event were different from those in 2013.” As well as analyzing and investigating recent developments in vulnerabilities and volatility on the New York Stock Exchange, this chapter investigates the topic of the value relevance of accounting information in global capital markets as a means of contributing to the topic of value relevance – and particularly highlighting the impact of monetary policies and growth rates of certain economies at a global level. It also highlights why fundamentals presently underlying present stock market volatilities differ from those of previous crises.
Value Relevance of Accounting Information in the Emerging Chinese Stock Market (Re Visited)
Authors: Rossi James A.
Published: December 2016

Value relevance of accounting information is a very important issue – not just from the perspective of Foreign Direct Investment and the reliability and relevance of financial and accounting information for investors – whether institutional of individual, but also in matters of Corporate Social Responsibility and financial reporting. This being of crucial importance given the need to enhance the quality and presentation of financial information, the need for comparability and consistency as a means of enhancing the relevance and reliability of financial information. This issue of reconciliation of discrepancies hence constitutes a matter in need of urgent redress in capital markets.
The Determinants of Stock Market Development in Emerging Economies
Authors: Newton Sarah
Published: December 2016

Results appear to confirm the theory that stock market liquidity impacts and influences the ability of the market to fully reflect information. The impact of the sizes and development of capital markets on users of financial information will also be considered in this chapter – as well as other factors which could have a possible impact on the value relevance of accounting information. So will the issue of Shadow Banking and recent financial regulatory reforms which embrace the Dodd Frank legislation – as well as Liikannen, Vickers, Volcker rules and reports.
Value Relevance of Accounting Information in Capital Markets of India
Authors: Kumar Manoj
Published: December 2016

This study belongs in the specific line of research into value relevance that aims to assess the consequences on companies' market values of the introduction of the International Accounting Standards. The specific research area concerns the role of the International Accounting Standards (IAS)/International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), investigating whether the adoption of the IAS/IFRS has led to a greater correlation between important financial statement values (earning, comprehensive income and equity) and stock market capitalization than in the pre-IAS/IFRS period. The study focuses on the Indian situation, analyzing a sample of 114 companies listed on the Delhi Stock Exchange. We analyze a period of eight years (2008-2015). In relation to the critique of value relevance studies by Holthausen and Watts (2001) and subsequent reactions of Barth et al. (2001), this chapter offers insights about the usefulness of value relevance especially in periods of financial crisis.
Investigating the Impact of Declining Oil Prices in Global Stock Markets
Authors: DeLarosiere Jose J. Haspa
Published: December 2016

As well as illustrating wider and interrelated repercussions of plunging oil prices on the global economy – and its impact on global financial markets, this chapter also re affirms the realization that the strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis appears to introduce less accountability than the weak and semi strong components. Even though it appears that fundamentals underlying previous Financial Crises and recent volatilities differ, recent evidence also provides interesting information about turbulences that currently plague global stock markets. Can previous historical records be relied upon (reasonably or otherwise) to predict future outcomes? Where predictability (redictive values) and confirmatory attributes (confirming values) constitute components of relevance in financial reporting, then it appears that certain historical reports, data and information based on the age and relevance of such data, still constitute relevant and reliable data given that such information is current, relevant and reliable in the sense that it can be predicted upon, confirmed and verified.
Ring Fencing Volcker's Rule?
Authors: Ojo Marianne
Published: December 2016

This chapter is aimed at highlighting why ring fencing not only presents a more feasible and cost effective option to other models, but also why its degree of flexibility provides the more appropriate balance in a financial environment whose trend is increasingly inclined towards conglomeration. Whilst the Liikanen Report highlights why there is need for re-structuring of banks into separate legal entities – as a means of achieving ring fencing activities, the mandatory separation of banks' proprietary trading and other risky activities, such as that opted for under the Liikanen Report could be distinguished from the position under Volcker's Rule in the sense that it does not impose such stringent requirements as those applicable under Volcker's Rule – whilst not being as flexible as ring fencing recommendations proposed in the Vickers Report.
An Exploration Regarding Issues in Insider Threat
Authors: Lee Jaeung , Eapen Anu Mary , Akbar Md Shamim , Rao H. Raghav
Published: December 2016

Insider threat occurs when a person with legitimate access misuses his privileges and compromises the operations and security of a company. When an outsider tries to gain access to company data, it can often be managed or detected by having standard controls in place. However, when an insider who has rightful access to the data is involved, it can often go undetected. There has been a steady rise in the number of cases of insiders' threat related incidents in recent years. An insider could do this either for his own benefit or might be acting as an espionage to profit another individual or organization. Insider threat is prevalent in various forms across various disciplines and is a serious cause of concern for the operation of an organization and maintenance of trust of the customers. In this chapter, we will look at various forms of insider threats, some well-known insider threat cases, factors causing this kind of behavior, some of the key indicators and what organizations can do to deter the theft of intellectual property.
Internet Pharmacy Cybercrime
Authors: Schmeida Mary , McNeal Ramona S.
Published: December 2016

Internet pharmacy social gains are efficiency, improving pharmaceutical access for isolates, and less cost. Alongside gains, illegal Internet pharmacies and unscrupulous pharmacy practices have made online purchasing a cyber risk for consumers. Industry self-regulation has failed, giving way to U.S. government and transnational intervention. The U.S. assumes “responsible domestic governance” in disrupting Internet crime by passing modern day drug policies (White House, 2011; 2016), and having transnational cooperation. States have joined the federal to pass laws generally on licensed in-state entities processing orders for rogue Internet pharmacies (GAO, 2013) but not uniformly. However, online pharmacy sites continue to dispense without “valid” prescriptions, unapproved drugs are sold online, and illegal pharmacies continue to operate. This chapter explores why some American states have adopted laws regulating Internet pharmacies from 2000 through 2015, using Cox proportional hazards regression.
Solutions for Securing End User Data over the Cloud Deployed Applications
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep
Published: December 2016

With more and more organizations working on the cloud over unsecure internet, sharing files and emails and saving them on cloud storage imperative. Securing the end user sensitive data in transit has thus started to get maximum priority to protect it from Cloud company staff, hackers and data thieves. In this study, an attempt is made to review the research of end user data security. There is an urgent need for solutions for end users' data protection, privacy and during the times when migrating from one Cloud service provider to other. This chapter identifies end user data challenges and issues on cloud and presents use of Public Key Cryptography, Multi Factor Authentication and use of Cloud Aware applications as possible solutions.
Cloud Computing and Cybersecurity Issues Facing Local Enterprises
Authors: Erturk Emre
Published: December 2016

This chapter sets out to explore new trends in cyber and cloud security, and their implications for businesses. First, the terminology and assumptions related to cloud computing are stated. Next, the chapter reports on contemporary research around the awareness of security issues, and the security processes within the cloud computing realm. Cyber security poses a different challenge to local small and medium sized organizations, which may seem to have less at stake financially. However, they are more vulnerable, due to fewer resources dedicated toward prevention. A series of serious security incidents may even keep them out of business. Furthermore, security needs to be understood and handled differently in a cloud based environment. Therefore, the chapter identifies unique security practices and recommendations for these businesses to run their IT resources safely in the cloud.
Strategies for Engaging Hispanic/Latino Youth in the US in Computer Science
Authors: Denner Jill , Martinez Jacob , Thiry Heather
Published: December 2016

In the United States, Hispanic/Latino youth are underrepresented in computer science degree programs and the workforce. This chapter reviews theoretical models and empirical evidence to guide efforts to engage Hispanic/Latino youth in activities and learning environments that have the potential to increase their interest and capacity to pursue and persist in computer science. The authors advocate for a culturally responsive approach to engaging youth in computer science, and highlight a research-based program called Computer Science for the Social Good that has evidence of increasing elementary and high school students' interest and capacity to study computer science. The chapter concludes with implications for research and practice.
Historical App Developers
Authors: Gardner-McCune Christina , Jimenez Yerika
Published: December 2016

Unlike enrollment in undergraduate computer science degree programs, there are no gender or ethnic imbalances in K?12 enrollment. This chapter discusses an approach to broadening minority participation in computing through the integration of computer science (CS) into history courses. It presents an alignment between computational thinking and historical thinking that makes history courses an attractive fit for CS integration. It also presents a project-based approach using MIT App Inventor that leverages students' interests in mobile technology to facilitate the creation of historical mobile applications. This chapter outlines key findings from a two-year study on integrating cross-disciplinary curricula into history courses and the impact on minority students as they become knowledge, artifact, and technology producers rather than mere consumers.
Minecraft Server Project
Authors: Acholonu Ugochi , Dickinson Jessa , Amato Dominic , Pinkard Nichole
Published: December 2016

Opportunities to participate in computing-related informal programs are limited in terms of quantity and geographic distribution. This limitation is due, in part, to the dearth of adults who have the expertise to mentor youth on computational concepts. This chapter introduces the Digital Youth Network Minecraft Server Project, which aims to reduce the barriers to for non-expert adults to be able to provide informal, computing-related learning opportunities to diverse youth. Using Minecraft, an online multiplayer game, the authors investigate a blended approach to mentorship that diversifies who can lead informal computing opportunities. This study examines learner-mentor interactions in a Synchronous Blended Learning Environment (SBLE) focused on engaging African American and Latina middle school girls in computer science. The chapter concludes with design recommendations for SBLEs to better support the needs of mentors facilitating computing opportunities for African American and Latina middle-school girls.
Productivity Growth Assessment of Public and Private Sector General Insurance Companies in India
Authors: Sinha Abhijit
Published: December 2016

The researcher in this paper has looked into the general insurance industry in India opening up of the sector to the private players in 2000. The objective of the study is to determine the total factor productivity growth in the general insurance industry in India. The study is based on the analysis of data covering twelve general insurers (including four from the public sector) for the period 2004-05 to 2011-12. For the purpose of growth assessment, Malmquist Index is computed that is composed of two components: Technical progress and technological progress. From the study, it is observed that a high level of inconsistency exists in the industry. The overall growth during the study period has been minimal. The technological change shows a negative growth in the case of all the insurers. Whatever growth is observed is due to the efficiency improvement, thereby implying movement towards the frontier.
Developing University-Business Cooperation through Evidence-based Management
Authors: Kliewe Thorsten , Baaken Thomas , Kesting Tobias
Published: December 2016

As every new field of practice, university-business cooperation (UBC) is undergoing growing pains in the search for successful approaches toward linking the scientific and business world. These growing pains are often based on the lack of market-oriented thinking and acting and the focus on day-to-day operations as opposed to a critical evaluation of the actions taken in the past. In line with this, this article aims at evaluating the opportunity to advance university-business cooperation through evidence-based management. More specifically, it reflects how a scientific-analytical UBC unit might complement the strategic and operational perspective of UBC, contributing to the advancement of an institution's UBC but also knowledge on UBC in general. Taking the Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre at Münster University of Applied Sciences as a case study, the article highlights how such an analytical-scientific UBC unit can generate various benefits, provided that the right setup and the acknowledgement of specific success factors are given.
Loyalty Programme and Meta-Services
Authors: Léo Pierre-Yves , Janawade Vikrant , Philippe Jean
Published: December 2016

This research focuses on the customers' perception of loyalty programme offered by networked service providers such as airline alliances. The authors call such services meta-services. Their main hypothesis is that after experiencing meta-services delivered by meta-service providers, consumers synthesise a part of their perceptions in terms of the perceived benefits of the loyalty programme. This assessment will influence the perceived value, satisfaction, and at last behavioural intentions. The authors' point of view is to highlight the determinants of this assessment, including the quality of the proposed services and rewards. A quantitative survey was conducted in an airline alliance context. A structural equation model is tested in order to verify if the hypotheses are acceptable. It also shows how passengers build their global evaluation of a frequent flyer program and how far it influences their future behaviour towards the alliance members.
A Fastest Patchwise Histogram Construction Algorithm based on Cloud-Computing Architecture
Authors: Cheng Chung-Chih , Cheng Fan-Chieh , Lin Po-Hsiung , Huang Wen-Tzeng , Huang Shih-Chia
Published: December 2016

The histogram in each patch of the input image is a useful feature applied for various development of image processing techniques. However, if the size of the input image is very large, the histogram construction of each patch in the image becomes very time-consuming. For applications involving the processing of several very large images, this paper proposes a superior patchwise histogram construction algorithm based on cloud-computing architecture that is faster than similar state-of-the-art approaches. Through the modern communication network, the computation cost can be easily shared to construct several patchwise histograms at the same time. The proposed algorithm is the fastest solution in the field as well as applicable to various data processing procedures related to probability distribution. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the best performance compared to other related algorithms.
Neutron Spectrometer Used for Nondestructive Detection of Materials Deep Stress: Status of the Project
Authors: Li Yang , Wu Yun Xin , Gong Hai , Li Qun Ming
Published: December 2016

The difficulty of materials inner stress detection is a barrier to engineering equipment research. And neutron scattering techniques is now recognized as the most precise method for mapping of inner residual stresses in materials or even components. Nine neutron scattering spectrometers of China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR) has been carried out thermal debugging, another five spectrometers are under construction. The thermal neutron spectrometer mentioned in this paper is one of the five spectrometers to be built in the neutron guide hall. It is anticipated that the instrument will be accomplished and available to users in 2018. The design of the hardware is mentioned. The function of positioning and control of the spectrometer can be carried out by the software. This spectrometer is available for material scientists to accomplish further studies with its function, and provides a good reference for spectrometer designing experts.
A Potential Application of the Mechanical Tensile Strength Test for Indicating Paper Biodegradation
Authors: Nicomrat Duongruitai , Tharajak Jirasak
Published: December 2016

Tensile strength test for paper has been regularly used in measurement of paper quality in the industry. In this study, changes in properties of paper during biodegradation were compared by measurement of the tensile strength cellulose activity. Samples of filter paper and polyethylene coated paper were digested with cellulose degrading Bacillus isolates. Treatment with water was used as a negative control. The paper samples were cut into precise shape according to the standard protocol of mechanical tensile strength test to measure the maximum tensile force. After removing bacterial biomass, reducing sugars were measured as a surrogate for callulase activity in the spent fermentation broth and the paper samples were subjected to the mechanical strength, breaking load and stretch tests. The results showed the amount of stretch in paper was critically reduced over longer contact time in bacterial culture. Changes in the mechanical strength were apparent within 3-7 days of contact time, whereas changes in reducing sugars were observed only after 7-10 days of incubation depending on the paper type. In filter paper samples, more reducing sugars and less mechanical strength indicated increased biodegradation of the cellulose matrix. Overall, the mechanical tensile strength test was deemed an early indicator for paper biodegradation that may have commercial application.
Superplastic Elongation through Deformation Mechanism Transition during High-Temperature Deformation in Thermally Unstable Fine-Grained Aluminum Solid Solution Alloy
Authors: Ito Tsutomu , Mizuguchi Takashi
Published: December 2016

In this study, the superplastic behavior on a fine-grained aluminum solid solution alloy consisting of thermally unstable microstructures was investigated. In order to obtain the fine-grained microstructure, friction stir processing (FSP) was applied to a commercial 5083 aluminum alloy. An equiaxial fine-grained microstructure of 7.8 mm was obtained after FSP, but this microstructure was thermally unstable at high temperatures. Commonly, for fine-grained superplasticity to occur (or to continue grain boundary sliding (GBS)), it is necessary to keep the fine-grained microstructure to less than 10 mm during the high-temperature deformation. However, in this study, a large elongation of over 200% was observed at high temperatures in spite of the occurrence of grain growth. From the microstructural observations, it was determined that the fine-grained microstructure was maintained until the early stage of deformation, but the transgranular deformation was observed at a strain of over 100%. The microstructural feature of the abovementioned transgranular deformation is similar to the deformation microstructure of the solute drag creep occurring in "Class I"-type solid solution alloys. This indicates that the deformation mechanism transition from GBS to the solute drag creep occurred during high-temperature deformation. Here, the possibility of occurrence of the superplastic elongation through deformation mechanism transition is discussed as a model of the thermally unstable aluminum solid solution alloy.
Attenuation Distribution Broadband Measurement System of Ceramic Pole Attenuator Used for TWT
Authors: Cui Hong Ling , Su Qi , Li En
Published: December 2016

Ceramic pole attenuator is an important part in TWT. The performance of TWT is closely related to the attenuation distribution of ceramic pole. The measurement of attenuation distribution was a difficult problem all the time. The traditional measurement method characterize the attenuation distribution by measuring the resistance distribution. The main disadvantage of this method is that result can not characterize ceramic pole’s performance in microwave condition. In this paper we select double-ridge waveguide as measurement transmission line, and based on the classical “Transmission and Reflection Method” an attenuation distribution measurement system was developed. This measurement system provides a convenient method to get accurate attenuation distribution in microwave condition. X-band and Ku-band ceramic pole attenuators were measured, and curves of attenuation distribution were given in this paper.
An Identification Method of Failure Mechanism Consistency for Rubber Materials in Accelerated Aging Testing
Authors: Zhang Han , Li Yue , Wang Ya Shun
Published: December 2016

The failure mechanism of rubber materials under accelerated stress in aging process may be different from that under normal conditions. Therefore, identification of the failure mechanism consistency is necessary for the accelerated aging testing of rubber material. To solve the problem, we study the relationship between the aging velocity of permanent compression set value and aging time. Firstly, according to the relationship, the aging velocity constant is obtained through the least square method. Then, combining with the aging velocity constant, we found that the activation energy is equal to the slope of linear function about Arrhenius model. Based on that failure activation energy keeps same under same failure mechanism, an identification method about failure mechanism consistency is developed. Finally, to demonstrate and validate the proposed method, we take the accelerated aging testing for the nitrile rubber-26 sealing gasket as an example.
Study of Nickel Wick Structure Applied to Loop Heat Pipe with Flat Evaporator
Authors: Wu Shen Chun , Yen Shih Hsuan , Lo Wei Chen , Chung Chen Yu , Su Shen Jwu
Published: December 2016

This study investigated the use of sintered Nickel powder as the wick material of Loop heat pipe with flat evaporator (Flat loop heat pipe, FLHP) and its effect on the heat transfer performance. Add the 1-heptanol into water and form Self-rewetting Fluid (SRF), resulting in the Marangoni effect. The colder liquid can be transport to the heating surface, delaying the occurrence of dry-out and increasing the critical heat load. This paper use Surface tension measurements to measure the change of 1-heptanol SRF, then it was apply to nickel wick FLHP as working ﬂuid to investigate its effect on the heat transfer performance. This study successfully established production process of Nickel wick structure. Results of wick structure for the effective pore radius of 2.6 μm, porosity of 62%, permeability of 5.7 × 10-13m2. Results of Surface tension measurements show that 1-heptanol aqueous solution’s surface tension increases with increasing temperature, Results from applying 0.1% 1-heptanol aqueous solution to FLHP as working fluid. For performance testing show that the critical heat load was 240 W and the total thermal resistance was 0.77 ° C/W. Compared with FLHP with pure water, SRF raised the maximum heat flux of 70%, the total thermal resistance of the system reduces 40%, SRF has the potential to enhance the heat transfer performance of FLHP.
The Influence of Arterial Wall Thickness on Stainless Steel Material Stent Expansion in Tapered Arteries
Authors: Shen Xiang , Xie Zhong Min , Deng Yong Quan , Ji Song
Published: December 2016

The implantation of an intravascular stent has become a common and widely used minimally invasive treatment for coronary heart disease. But in-stent restenosis (ISR) after stent implantation, especially in tapered vessels, limits the clinical success of stents. In this study, the finite element method (FEM) has been carried out to study the effects of vessel wall thickness on 316L stainless steel stent deployment in tapered arteries. The influence of arterial wall thickness was demonstrated by combination of varied wall thickness and constant wall thickness case. Results indicated that compared to a vessel model with varied thickness from proximal end to distal end, a vessel model with constant thickness had higher vessel wall stress induced by stent expansion. Thus the injury level of vessel wall during stent expansion was overestimated. Numerical simulation results from this study are beneficial to construct a reasonable and accurate expansion model of stent in tapered vessels. The FEM can quantify mechanical properties of stents in tapered vessels, and can compare different modeling strategies for vessel wall thickness, and assist designers to develop new stents especially for tapered vessels.
Modeling and Optimization for Lightweight Design of Aluminum Alloy Wheel Hub
Authors: Pang Wei , Wang Wei Ping , Zhang Wen Hao , Wang Xiao
Published: December 2016

The excessive increase of fatigue life would lead to wheels getting heavy, which has negative influence in fuel economy, safety and ride comfort of the vehicle. In this paper, the fatigue cycle of aluminum alloy wheel equipped in minibus is calculated firstly under bending, radial, random cycle fatigue conditions. According to the distribution of results, the space parameters of structure optimization are determined. The method combined Latin hyper-cube design and orthogonal experimental design was applied to conduct the design of experiment. The fatigue life of the wheel under the experiment schemes are calculated respectively. Response surface multi-objective optimization model of the wheel is established based on fatigue life results. The genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the wheel, which causes the mass of aluminum alloy wheel reduces 13.85% and first order modal value increases 7.6%.
Resistive Switching in NiO/BiFeO3 Thin Film
Authors: Luo Jin Ming
Published: December 2016

NiO/BiFeO3 thin film has been deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by sol-gel method. The structure of thin film is analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and the result of X-ray diffraction shows that a perovskite crystal structure can be well-grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. In addition, the surface morphology is characterized by a scanning probe microscope, and the image of scanning probe microscope indicates a good crystalline quality of NiO/BFO thin film. Moreover, the current-voltage properties are also measured by a semiconductor characterization system, and the stable and reproducible nonvolatile resistive switching characteristic for the memory application have been clearly observed in Pt/NiO/BiFeO3/Pt structure, which could be attributed to the formation and rupture of filament localized in NiO thin layer.
Study on Thermal-Shock-Resistance of the Composite Coating of 20 Steel Substrate by Hot Dip Aluminum and Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Sun Xiao Feng , Huang Yuan Lin , Song Wei , Sun Ming Ming
Published: December 2016

By combined process of hot dip aluminum and micro–arc oxidation, a multilayer composite coating was obtained on the surface of 20 steel plates. The micro-hardness, morphology, residual stress and thermal-shocking performance of the coating were investigated by HVS-1000 micro-hardness instrument, SEM, X-350 stress instrument and etc. The results showed that the micro-hardness of the coating appeared hard-soft-hard from surface to inner, the effective thermal-shock times of the coating was 130, its residual stress of the coating was 181.7 MPa after hot shock 80 times.
Influence of Cathode Size on Field Emission Properties of a Single Vertical Carbon Nanotube Material
Authors: Jing Li Guo , Zhang He Qiu , Qiu Yu , Yin Bing , Hu Li Zhong
Published: December 2016

In this work, we study the field emission properties of a single vertical carbon nanotube with cathode radius changing. The carbon nanotube is considered as purely perfect conductor, and the anode and cathode are modeled as discs. The radius of anode is kept as 24m, then the radius of cathode is changed from 24 m to 1 m. The emitter of that CNT consists of a hemispherical cap of 4 nm radius (r) on top of a cylinder height of 2 m (h). The distance from anode to cathode is w=h+20m. The overall surface area of the CNT and cathode are all grounded, and the anode plate has a constant potential value of 100 V. The distribution of potential and electric field, field emission current are obtained by simulating with the help of COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3b electrostatics module. We find that with cathode radius decrease, the electric field strength over the surface of carbon nanotube (CNT) strengthening and field emission current increase.
Stress Reduction of Solar Cell with Nanostructures on Silicon Chip Surface
Authors: Yeh Meng Kao , Shao Yi Kung
Published: December 2016

Silicon chip has been widely used in solar cell recently. The thinning of silicon chip, easily inducing surface defects, becomes necessary to produce solar cells more efficiently. The surface defects resulting in stress concentration on the silicon chip surface would be the source of chip failure. In this study, the finite element analysis was used to investigate the stress distribution near the surface crack of a solar cell on which the nanostructures were introduced to alleviate the induced stress. For the solar cell model, positive silver and negative aluminum electrodes were added on the top and bottom sides of silicon chip. The solar cell under four-point bending was simulated in analysis with and without nanostructures. The results show that the stresses reduce more than 50 % for the solar cell model with nanostructures. When the crack depth is deeper enough, the stress at crack tip is higher than that at junction near the electrode and the crack leads to the failure of solar cell. The effect of different section length of nanostructures on the stress distribution caused by the surface crack was also discussed.
Preparation and Characterization of Silicone Oil/UF Resin Microcapsules as Erosion Inhibitor
Authors: Li Hong Guang , Lin Shao Sen , Du Shi Guo , Lin De Jiang
Published: December 2016

Microcapsules with silicone oil as core and poly (urea-formaldehyde) as shell were prepared by direct in-situ polymerization process. The influences of formaldehyde-urea molar ratios on microcapsules morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microcapsules were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), particle size analyzer, simultaneous thermal analyzer. The results showed that well dispersive microcapsules were obtained with average particle size of 2.5 μm when formaldehyde-urea molar ratio was 1.8:1.0 and that the weight ratio of silicon dioxide to microcapsule was 15.4%, which produced from pyrolysis of core material silicone oil. The prepared microcapsules were expected to a kind of high-efficiency erosion inhibitor when used in propellant.
Numerical Simulation Study of Quasi-Static Loading and Dynamic Loading for Micro Bending Forming of Copper Foil
Authors: Zhang Wen Hao , Qian Qing , Shen Zong Bao , Ma You Juan , Liu Hui Xia
Published: December 2016

A variety of micro forming processes has been invented, and the size effects have become a research hotspot at home and abroad. Micro bending molds with different feature sizes were designed. Quasi-static tester loading and dynamic laser shock loading with soft punch for micro bending forming was studied by numerical simulation respectively based on ANSYS implicit analysis and LS-DYNA explicit analysis. The constitutive models of workpiece are bilinear kinematic hardening model and Johnson-cook model respectively. The effects of different loading conditions and feature sizes of the die on the forming depth, equivalent plastic strain and equivalent plastic strain rate were studied. The results of numerical simulation show that, with the increasing of feature size of the mold, the forming depth under two kinds of loading conditions shows a tendency to increase. In dynamic laser shock loading, the equivalent plastic strain and equivalent plastic strain rate of the key position of the bent part would decrease with the increasing of the feature size of the die. While in quasi-static loading, the opposite law is shown. The research shows that, the flexible micro-bending processes with different loading models showed similar size effect. However, compared with quasi-static loading, in dynamic loading, the strain of forming parts is more centralized, and there is a high strain rate and better formability of the workpiece.
Experimental Study on Electro-Discharge Machining of Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Li Yan , Fu Jin Juan , Yang Li Guang
Published: December 2016

The present work attempts to study the effect of important process parameters on material removal rate in electro-discharge machining of nickel-based superalloy. Experiments based on orthogonal array were conducted. Contents of peak current, pulse on time, duty cycle, and servo voltage were the main factors, and each factor was endowed three levels. Range analysis was used to investigate the orthogonal test on material removal rate, and a set of appropriate parameters were found. Confirmation test was conducted to validate the analysis and it can be seen that the predicted values show good agreement with the experimental results. The outcome of the present research work will be a considerable aid to industries for efficiency improvement in processing using EDM.
Effect of Coating Removal by Induction Heating on the Microstructure and Properties of Deck Steel
Authors: Cai Jia Hui , Sun Xiao Feng , Qiu Ji
Published: December 2016

Deck steel with anti-skid coating is treated by induction heating for coating removal. The microstructure of cross-section before and after coating removal is observed by metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. Z-direction micro-hardness of cross-section before and after coating removal is tested by micro-hardness tester. Results show that the softening layer of about 3 mm, which the average micro-hardness of the layer is 244 HV, is formed on the surface of the sample. The micro-hardness decreases by 3.5% compared with the untreated sample. Coating removal by induction heating will not have an impact on the metallographic structure. But carbide particles will be precipitated at the grain boundary. At last, the influence of induction heating on the performance of deck steel is briefly analyzed.
Optical Properties of Ge23.5Pb20S56.5 Glassy System
Authors: Anisimova Nadezhda Ivanovna , Bordovsky Gennady Alekseevich , Castro Rene Alejandro , Nabiullina Lilia Ansafovna
Published: December 2016

The spectra of refractive index and absorption coefficient in thin films of Ge23.5Pb20S56.5 glassy system were calculated on the base of analysis of transmission spectra. The refractive index has values between 2.0 and 2.6 in the spectral range between 500 nm and 1200 nm. The existence of indirect allowed transitions with energy Eg = 1.70 ± 0.01 eV and phonon energy of wph= 0.11 eV at room temperature was found. For values of the absorption coefficient a < 103см –1 the fundamental absorption edge is described by exponential function known as Urbach-rule. The static structure disorder parameter wo, is equal to 0.06 eV.
The Effect of Ammonium Sulfate on the Sulphate Reducing Bacteria Bio-Derived Material
Authors: Wang Guang Yuan , Liu Xing Yu , Gu Qi Yuan , Zhang Ming Jiang , Wen Jian Kang
Published: December 2016

The lead-zinc tailings, a kind of hazardous wastes, containing large amount of heavy metals with high extraction toxicity, which would be released into solution with water, oxygen, microorganism and make the environment contaminated. Sulfide ion and alkaline substance were produced with the growth and anaerobic metabolism of sulphate reducing bacteria, inhibiting the oxidation and release of heavy metal ions from the lead-zinc tailings. Sulphate reducing bacteria attached on the calcined activated carbon while growing in the nutrient solution, which could be used to decline heavy metal ions as bio-derived material. Inorganic nitrogen source could be used by autotrophic bacteria effectively and was negative for the sulphate reducing bacteria to deposit toxic elements in the solution.
Effect of K2O Contents on the Releasing of Nutrient Ions from Phosphate Glass System
Authors: Mohamad Siti Hafizah , Muhamad Nor Mohd Al Amin
Published: December 2016

Currently, the solubility of phosphate glasses has been extensively studied for potential glass fertilizer. This work presents the study of 45P2O5-20CaO-xK2O-(29-x)Na2O-6Al2O3 glass, where x equals to 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt. % of K2O. Free bubble glasses were obtained at melting temperature of 1300 °C. Solubility study of phosphate glass indicates that the glass containing 15 wt. % of K2O released the highest amounts of PO43- ion and K+ ion and it exhibits the lowest pH value compare to other glasses. Spectroscopy analysis revealed the addition of K2O to the glass system contributed to the formation of metaphosphate and phyrophosphate units around 919 cm-1 and 1119 cm-1. The morphology analysis indicates the formation of pores on the glass surface was associated with the corrosion of the glass samples due to the immersion. The addition of K2O to the glass system has increased the glass solubility due to the breakup of the glass structure.
Overview on the Liquid Metal Battery for Grid-Level Large-Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Fu Li , Le Qi Chi , Wang Xi Bo , Liu Xuan , Jia Wei Tao
Published: December 2016

In recent years, the development and utilization of renewable generation have attracted more and more attention, and the grid puts forward higher requirements to the energy storage technology, especially for security, stability and reliability. The liquid metal battery (LMB) consists of two liquid metal electrodes and a molten salt electrolyte, which will be segregated into three liquid layers naturally. Being low-cost and long-life, it is regarded as the best choice for grid-level large-scale energy storage. This paper describes the main structure and working principle of the LMB, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the LMB when compared with the traditional batteries, and explores the feasibility and economy when it is used as a kind of large-scale energy storage applied in the power grid. The paper also makes a comprehensive comparison on the performance of several LMBs, and points out the LMB’s research and development in the future.
Exploration 304 Stainless Steel Wire as Novel Sorbent Material for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water
Authors: Li Bao Hui , Yang Xiao Dan
Published: December 2016

The etched stainless steel wire was prepared and explored as sorbent material for solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC) and flame ionization detection (FID) for the trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) determination in water. This paper explored different factors that affected the extraction efficiency of etched stainless steel wire, including the extraction time, the thermal desorption time and the thermal desorption temperature. Under the optimal conditions, six kinds of analytes, including trace biphenyl, acenaphthylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene were extracted by etched stainless wire with high concentration efficiency and separated by GC-FID. In view of the high selectivity of the etched stainless steel wires for PAHs, a new SPME method was developed with the detection limits of 0.05-0.53 μg/L. The precision for the six kinds of analytes ranged from 2.6% to 8.8%. The developed etched stainless steel wires were very stable, highly selective, and reproducible for the SPME of PAHs.
Incidence of the Presence of Lead on the Elimination of Humic Substances
Authors: Guergazi Saâdia , Missaoui Mohamed Mahdi
Published: December 2016

The main objective of our work is to test the performance of powder activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) in the retention of humic substances in the presence of lead. The adsorption tests conducted in synthetic solutions of distilled water. The results showed that, the removal efficiency of humic substances varies with the agitation time was obtained maximum efficiency after 180 minutes for PAC and 300 for the GAC. However, on granular activated carbon (GAC) recorded an improvement in the removal of humic substances in the order of 1.60%. The reaction rate is the same for the activated carbon powder (PAC). By against, for the GAC the removal rate of humic substances in the presence of lead is slower. A comparison between our results with the absorption of humic substances without the presence of lead showed that the elimination of humic substances (10 mg/l) in the presence of lead (5mg/l) on powder activated carbon (1 g/L) is disturbed. The removal efficiencies decrease with the increase on the pH of medium in an interval ranging from 2 to 12.The variation of the mass of lead has recorded an inhibiting role in the adsorption of humic substances for both activated carbons.