bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Record of Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Bashagard District, Southern Iran, with the Report of a Medically Important Species
Authors: Hosseinpour Amin , Jaberhashemi Seyed Aghil , Vahedi Mozaffar , Soltani Aboozar
Published: May 2022

Spiders are the largest order of arachnids with some medically important species. Considering that no comprehensive research has been conducted on the fauna and distribution of Araneae in Bashagard County (Hormozgan Province) so far, the present investigation has been carried out on these essential issues in this deprived tropical region. Fifteen sampling locations were selected based on the extent of each area and considering climatic characteristics. Samplings were carried out at least four times in each region from February 2017 to September 2018, covering up to a radius of 500 meters from the defined locations. Specimens were collected using the hand collection method, pitfall trapping, and aspirator sampling. All collected samples were preserved in 70% ethanol and were identified using valid taxonomic keys. Of all the 390 collected samples, 134 identifiable specimens were considered for morphological identification. 11 species belonging to 10 genera and seven families were identified. Immature specimens were identified only at the family level. Wadicosa fidelis was the most distributed and abundant species in the area, with 13 localities and 84.33% of all identifiable samples. Plexippus minor is a new record for the spider fauna of Iran. Moreover, Loxosceles rufescens, a medically important species, Artema doriae, and Eusparassus mesopotamicus were reported for the first time from Hormozgan province. Despite collecting only one specimen, of L. rufescens, due to the lack of proper medical facilities and transportation systems in the area, health staff must be alert about this medically important species and warn residents about its potential dangers.
A Report of Rosai–Dorfman Disease in an Adolescent
Authors: Amoako Emmanuella , Danso Kwadwo Apeadu , Akuaku Rosemary Sefakor , Ulzen-Appiah Kofi
Published: May 2022

Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare disease of unknown cause. It is a benign self-limiting condition characterized by the accumulation of activated histiocytes in the sinusoids of lymph nodes and/or extranodal tissues. Massive cervical lymphadenopathy as the initial manifestation tends to raise the initial odds in favour of a lymphoma, and thus reducing the threshold to performing a simple biopsy cannot be overestimated. Herein, we report a 13-year-old adolescent who presented with a progressive posterior left-sided neck swelling. Our diagnosis of RDD was established by demonstrating emperipolesis in histology and S100 positivity in immunohistochemistry as stated in the literature. Although the condition is known to be self-limiting, evidence from the literature and our case management shows that medical therapy can hasten remission in pediatric cases.
A High Accuracy Local One-Dimensional Explicit Compact Scheme for the 2D Acoustic Wave Equation
Authors: Wu Mengling , Jiang Yunzhi , Ge Yongbin
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we develop a highly accurate and efficient finite difference scheme for solving the two-dimensional (2D) wave equation. Based on the local one-dimensional (LOD) method and Padé difference approximation, a fourth-order accuracy explicit compact difference scheme is proposed. Then, the Fourier analysis method is used to analyze the stability of the scheme, which shows that the new scheme is conditionally stable and the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition is superior to most existing methods of equivalent order of accuracy in the literature. Finally, numerical experiments demonstrate the high accuracy, stability, and efficiency of the proposed method.
A dimensão simbólica dos direitos e a análise de conflitos
Authors: Oliveira Luís Roberto Cardoso de
Published: May 2022

Antropologia do Direito, etnografia, conflitos, ideias dejustiça, equidade.O artigo procura discutir a contribuição da perspectiva antropológica para a análise de conflitos, contrastando a ênfase da Antropologia na pesquisa empírica com a orientação predominantemente doutrinária que caracteriza o Direito. Dialogando com textos de repercussão significativa na Antropologia do Direito, o artigo realça a importância da dimensão simbólica dos direitos, caracterizada como aspecto central do universo empírico investigado, e sem a qual demandas por direitos, acordos e decisões judiciais não podem ser adequadamente compreendidos.
Periferias, direito e diferença: notas de uma etnografia urbana
Authors: Feltran Gabriel de Santis
Published: May 2022

Este artigo descreve e analisa as transformações da questão – analítica, teórica e política – das periferias urbanas, no Brasil contemporâneo. Enfocando o percurso de transformações no projeto de mobilidade dos “trabalhadores” que colonizaram as margens da cidade de São Paulo nas últimas quatro décadas, argumento que o conflito que se funda nesses territórios de fronteira mudou de estatuto. Se nos anos 1980 esse conflito pôde ser pautado publicamente na perspectiva de integração das periferias “trabalhadoras”, pela aposta na extensão dos direitos da cidadania como contrapartida social do assalariamento, agora se trata sobretudo de gerenciar o conflito – não raro muito violento – que sustenta a figuração pública desses territórios “marginais”. Com base em situações etnográficas, discuto algumas das consequências sociais, políticas e analíticas dessa transformação.
“Seu funeral, sua escolha”: rituais fúnebres na contemporaneidade
Authors: Menezes Rachel Aisengart , Gomes Edlaine de Campos
Published: May 2022

Vida e morte são conceitos centrais para a compreensão das concepções de pessoa e estão presentes em distintas culturas. Os modos de administração do início e término da vida são os mais diversificados e dependem das crenças compartilhadas, elaboradas por cada grupo social. Este artigo se insere no conjunto de estudos antropológicos dedicados ao tema da morte e aos rituais a ela correspondentes. Em sociedades ocidentais, observam- se, na contemporaneidade, mudanças significativas e permanências no que tange ao estatuto dos vivos e dos mortos. Com base no exame de notícias da mídia e de bibliografia sobre o tema, são desenvolvidas reflexões acerca das mudanças nos rituais fúnebres. Tal escolha é justificada pela possibilidade de apreensão de noções, crenças e valores que constituem nódulos centrais em nossa cosmologia, como pessoa/indivíduo, ciclo de vida, etapas da vida, dor, natureza/cultura, vida/morte, entre outros.
Figura e fundo no pensamento cigano contra o Estado
Authors: Ferrari Florencia
Published: May 2022

O artigo busca refletir sobre a atualidade e os sentidos da formulação da “sociedade contra o Estado”, de Pierre Clastres, no seio da etnografia que realizei com uma rede de parentes de ciganos Calon no estado de São Paulo. Para além das analogias mais evidentes entre o chefe calon e o líder indígena, e do imaginário de senso comum de uma vida nômade, “fora da lei”, livre das amarras da sociedade, é possível falar, com motivação etnográfica, de uma “socialidade contra o Estado” no contexto calon. Para tanto, é preciso adentrar a etnografia e conhecer categorias fundamentais do pensamento calon, especialmente aquelas que dizem respeito às suas relações com os brasileiros, ou gadje [não ciganos]. Os Calon se pensam imersos no mundo dos brasileiros, a partir do qual se fazem calon. Noções como a de vergonha, ligada ao corpo feminino, e de sozinho, em contraste com a vida entre parentes, aliadas à onomástica e a concepções de tempo-espaço permitem ter acesso ao modo pelo qual os Calon se concebem como pessoas e como socialidade, contra um gadje-Estado.
Festas, guerras e trocas entre os Aparai e Wayana meridionais
Authors: Coutinho Gabriel
Published: May 2022

O artigo aborda algumas questões tratadas por Pierre Clastres acerca do caráter específico da troca de bens na sociedade primitiva e sua articulação com a guerra. Inicia-se com uma discussão geral sobre a pertinência das ideias do autor sobre a orientação “contraeconômica” dessas trocas, considerando o fenômeno amplamente difundido, mas ainda pouco estudado, dos intercâmbios de bens na Amazônia indígena. Destaca-se a irredutibilidade de tais intercâmbios ao comércio de bens econômicos e seu papel na constituição de redes de articulação regionais. Em seguida, são abordadas as relações entre tais intercâmbios e a guerra através da ótica dos Aparai e Wayana meridionais (caribe). Com base em uma narrativa sobre sua mútua pacificação e nas festas multicomunitárias, retoma-se o debate de Clastres com Lévi-Strauss sobre a prioridade da guerra ou da troca, para mostrar como a coexistência dos dois fenômenos é pensada do ponto de vista indígena em questão.
A Festa de São Sebastião em Catingueira: transformações e permanências dez anos depois
Authors: Pires Flavia
Published: May 2022

Este artigo é um exercício de compreensão de uma festa religiosa católica e, ao mesmo tempo, é uma reflexão sobre o trabalho antropológico, na medida em que reapresenta textos já publicados. Estes estudos anteriores, baseados em trabalho de campo nos anos de 2000 e 2002, discorrem sobre como uma festa de padroeiro, particularmente um leilão de galinha assada, poderia ser iluminada a partir da teoria da dádiva de Marcel Mauss e de uma análise na qual a galinha era vista como uma representação cômica da sociedade. Entretanto, duas outras voltas à festa, em 2009 e 2010, trouxeram dados novos que complexificaram a análise. Em suma, este artigo reflete sobre festas e temporariedade e analisa o papel da pesquisa científica, vocalizando a questão da permanência e da validade do conhecimento antropológico.
“Vocês sabem porque vocês viram!”: reflexão sobre modos de autoridade do conhecimento
Authors: Oliveira Joana Cabral de
Published: May 2022

Esse artigo tem como objetivo abordar um modo de conferirautoridade e status de verdade aos saberes de acordo com concepçõesepistemológicas wajãpi (grupo de língua Tupi-Guarani do Amapá). Para tanto,tomo como mote algumas falas suscitadas em um curso de Ciências Naturaisque ministrei para duas turmas de Agentes Indígenas de Saúde (AIS).Tendo em vista que a reflexão proposta parte de um encontro entre regimesde conhecimento diversos, é necessário, simetricamente, enfrentar modalidadescientíficas de elaboração de verdade e autorização de saberes, buscandocompreender os efeitos produzidos nesse embate. As falas selecionadascomo leitmotiv têm no microscópio o elemento central e, consequentemente,concernem a uma heurística da visão no processo de conhecer. Desse modo,a discussão se concentra sobre a visão e a forma como ela se desdobra emambos os contextos de produção de conhecimento, caracterizando, assim,apenas um dos muitos modos de fundamentar e autorizar saberes.
Cestos, peneiras e outras coisas: a expressão material do sistema agrícola no rio Negro
Authors: Velthem Lucia Hussak Van
Published: May 2022

Nas comunidades ameríndias, diversos artefatos são produzidos,e ao serem incorporados ao circuito social mediam relações e se integramtanto às práticas como aos discursos. No sistema agrícola praticado naregião do médio rio Negro (AM) os aspectos socioculturais de caráter materiale tecnológico, relacionados com o cultivo, o processamento e o consumoda mandioca brava possuem lugar de destaque. Esse artigo visa descrevere colocar em evidência os implementos empregados nestas atividades eem especial na “casa do forno”, tanto em sua constituição, como nas funçõesque exercem e nas relações que estabelecem.
Bionomics study of Mansonia (Diptera: Culicidae) in a filariasis-endemic area of Sedang Village, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Pratiwi Rini , Anwar Chairil , Ghiffari Ahmad , Huda Adri
Published: May 2022

An investigation of bionomic study of Mansonia species was successfully conducted in Sedang village which is one of the filariasis-endemic areas in Indonesia. The study was carried out for 14 months from April 2017 to May 2018. In order to trap the local mosquitoes in the study area, indoor and outdoor human landing collection method was adopted.  During the study, 7,908 mosquitoes were collected which consisted of 13 genera and 40 species of mosquitoes. Moreover, Mansonia uniformis, M. annulifera, and M. indiana were found to be the most abundant, dominant, and high frequency mosquitoes. The filariasis vector analysis through polymerase chain reaction test confirmed that only Mansonia annulifera positively detected as the filariasis vector. Furthermore, the longevity calculation showed that 81% of all the collected Mansonia spp. had already oviposited their eggs which indicates that the studied area possesses high possibilities of filariasis transmission.
Post-release growth of captive-reared Gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789) (Reptilia: Crocodilia: Gavialidae) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Khadka Bed Bahadur , Bashyal Ashish , Griffith Phoebe
Published: May 2022

Supplementation of wild populations of the Critically Endangered Gharial Gavailis gangeticus with individuals reared in captivity is a widely used conservation management tool in Nepal and India, although its efficacy is uncertain.  Measuring post-release growth in Gharial can provide valuable information on acclimation of captive-reared Gharial to the wild and provide growth rates to inform population recovery models.  We studied post-release growth of Gharial reared in the Gharial Conservation Breeding Centre, Nepal, following their release into the Chitwan National Park.  We used recapture data from known individuals to determine growth and change of mass for 26 Gharial recaptured 0.5–10 years after release. We found that Gharial recaptured two or more years post-release had increased in mass and length despite being over six years old at release, however there was a triangular relationship between time since release and growth: some Gharial had grown very slowly, whilst others had grown much faster.  All Gharial recaptured less than two years since release had lost mass and had negligible growth in total length. This data show that there is considerable variation in post-release growth rates, which will lead to some individuals being very old before they reach a potentially mature size class, with unknown implications for reproduction.  This variation is important for predicting or modelling recovery in populations where the release of Gharial from captivity is a management tool.  Our results also suggest the two years after release are an acclimation phase—when Gharial lose mass and do not grow—which should be considered by release strategies in order to give Gharial the best chance of survival after release.
A checklist of avifauna from different habitats of semi-arid landscape in western parts (Mandsaur and Ratlam districts) of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Bhattacharjee Koushik , Shuvadip Adhikari
Published: May 2022

We prepared a checklist of avian species recorded from two western districts (Mandsaur and Ratlam) of Madhya Pradesh, situated in a semi-arid region with comments on their habitat preference, feeding habits, migratory, and conservation status; 133 bird species belonging to 47 families were recorded during the present study. About 30% of the species were migratory in status. In terms of habitat fidelity, 74 avian species were found only in a single habitat. Habitat-wise avian richness varied widely. Among five habitats identified during the present study, wetland supported the highest number (69) of avian species of which 58 species were exclusively recorded from this habitat. Eight foraging guilds were identified among which omnivores were dominant.  Six species of globally threatened and seven species of near-threatened species were recorded during the present study. The presence of significant numbers of winter migrants and globally threatened species indicated the importance, both ecologically and biologically, of the semi-arid landscape for breeding and migratory birds. Therefore, this work will provide baseline information to conservationists for the development of conservation and management policies for the two districts.
Genus Gymnopilus (Agaricales: Strophariaceae): addditions to the agarics of India
Authors: N.A. Wani  , M. Kaur  , N.A. Malik
Published: May 2022

The present study deals with the diversity of the genus Gymnopilus collected from Kashmir Himalaya. Frequent fungal forage were undertaken during spring, summer, and autumn seasons as a result of which a systematic account of various taxa of the genus Gymnopilus was compiled. In the present paper six species of the genus are taxonomically described and identified as G. decipiens, G. aeruginosus, G. fuscosquamulosus, G. crocias, G. junonius, and G. liquiritiae. Out of all described species G. decipiens is reported for the first time from India while the other four are reported for the first time from northern India. In addition, only G. aeruginosus is reported for the first time from Bangiward, southern Kashmir. Detailed morpho-anatomical characters of these species with habitat photographs, line drawings of macro and microscopic features are given. An identification key to the described species are also given.
Diversity and distribution of mantis shrimps (Arthropoda: Crustacea: Stomatopoda) in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India
Authors: Vadher Piyush , Kardani Hitesh , Beleem Imtiyaz
Published: May 2022

Diversity and distribution study of Stomatopoda has been carried out in selected locations of Gulf of Kachchh from 2014 to 2020. Four species belonging to four genera in two families were recorded from Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat. Carinosquilla multicarinata (White, 1848) was recorded for the first time from the west coast of India. Cloridina ichneumon (Fabricius, 1798) was recorded for the first time from Gujarat coast. Gonodactylellus demanii (Henderson, 1893) was reported after 50 years from Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, and Gonodactylus smithii Pocock, 1893 is a commonly occurring species in the intertidal zone of the Gulf of Kachchh. Species are described and illustrated with key characters and distributional status in Gulf of Kachchh. An annotated checklist of nine species of Stomatopoda occurring in Gujarat is presented.
Ichthyo-parasitological studies in northeastern India
Authors: Hazarika Arup Kumar , Bordoloi Bobita
Published: May 2022

Fish constitutes an essential component of the diet for most of the people of northeastern India. It provides nutrition and employment opportunities for most of the population of the region. Still, fish diseases due to helminth parasites pose a severe threat to fish health and the fishery industry. Helminths are worm-like parasites affecting the fishes and thus reduce their food value. Fishes are mostly infected with four groups of helminths, viz., Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, and Acanthocephala. The article reviews the investigation and research on the trend of helminth parasites in the freshwater fishes of northeastern India through the study of available literature. For the present study, secondary data was collected from published research articles, journals, reports, and books on this major issue and compiled together. Google Scholar is the leading search engine used to search for scholarly literature in this area broadly. The study revealed that helminth parasites are extensively distributed in the freshwater fishes of different regions of northeastern India and are primarily found in the intestine of the fishes. Females are found to be highly infested than males. Also, the seasonal influence was observed on the occurrence of parasites. Several workers have conducted considerable works in Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, and Tripura. But to date, there is no published record on the occurrence of helminth parasites in the fishes of Sikkim and Nagaland. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct further research on the current topic that could help the scientific community and pisciculturists understand the biodiversity of parasites in different host fishes for proper aquaculture management.
Environmental DNA as a tool for biodiversity monitoring in aquatic ecosystems – a review
Authors: Ray Manisha , Umapathy Govindhaswamy
Published: May 2022

The monitoring of changes in aquatic ecosystems due to anthropogenic activities is of utmost importance to ensure the health of aquatic biodiversity. Eutrophication in water bodies due to anthropogenic disturbances serves as one of the major sources of nutrient efflux and consequently changes the biological productivity and community structure of these ecosystems. Habitat destruction and overexploitation of natural resources are other sources that impact the equilibrium of aquatic systems. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a tool that can help to assess and monitor aquatic biodiversity. There has been a considerable outpour of research in this area in the recent past, particularly concerning conservation and biodiversity management. This review focuses on the application of eDNA for the detection and relative quantification of threatened, endangered, invasive and elusive species. We give a special emphasis on how this technique developed in the past few years to become a tool for understanding the impact of spatial-temporal changes on ecosystems. Incorporating eDNA based biomonitoring with advances in sequencing technologies and computational abilities had an immense role in the development of different avenues of application of this tool.
First definite record of Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola Linnaeus, 1766 (Aves: Charadriiformes: Glareolidae) from Goa, India
Authors: Pandit Rupali , Dharwadkar Mangirish , Rebello Justino
Published: May 2022

Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola has been recorded from various regions in southern India and is known to be a two way passage migrant to Western Ghats. However, this species had not been included in Goa’s avifaunal checklist since the old records for the bird could not be confirmed. Hence, the present sighting of this bird at Maina-Curtorim fields, Goa qualifies as the first definite record for Goa. During the period 2013–2021, three birds namely the Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis, Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor and Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris  were spotted within one-kilometer radius of the Maina-Curtorim wetlands and added to the avifaunal checklist of Goa. This offers an opportunity for additional surveys to establish the migratory route and also highlights the conservational value of the region.
Hemorrhage and Recurrence of Obliterated Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Chen Ching-Jen , Ding Dale , Kumar Jeyan S. , Kearns Kathryn N. , Ironside Natasha , Yang Huai-Che , Ogino Akiyoshi , Kano Hideyuki , Liscak Roman , May Jaromir , Williams Brian J. , Gigliotti Michael J. , Cockroft Kevin , McInerney James , Simon Scott , Lee Cheng-Chia , Sheehan Jason P. ,   on behalf of the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation
Published: May 2022

Background:

Although complete nidal obliteration of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is generally presumed to represent durable cure, postobliteration hemorrhage, and AVM recurrence have become increasingly recognized phenomena. The goal of the study was to define hemorrhage and nidal recurrence risks of obliterated AVMs treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study from the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation comprising AVM patients treated between 1987 and 2020. Patients with AVM obliteration on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were included. Outcomes were (1) hemorrhage and (2) AVM recurrence. Follow-up duration began at the time of AVM obliteration and was censored at subsequent hemorrhage, AVM recurrence, additional AVM treatment, or loss to follow-up. Annualized risk and survival analyses were performed. A sensitivity analysis comprising patients with AVM obliteration on magnetic resonance imaging or DSA was also performed for postobliteration hemorrhage.

Results:

The study cohort comprised 1632 SRS-treated patients with AVM obliteration on DSA. Pediatric patients comprised 15% of the cohort, and 42% of AVMs were previously ruptured. The mean imaging follow-up after AVM obliteration was 22 months. Among 1607 patients with DSA-confirmed AVM obliteration, 16 hemorrhages (1.0%) occurred over 2223 patient-years of follow-up (0.72%/y). Of the 1543 patients with DSA-confirmed AVM obliteration, 5 AVM recurrences (0.32%) occurred over 2071 patient-years of follow-up (0.24%/y). Of the 16 patients with postobliteration hemorrhage, AVM recurrence was identified in 2 (12.5%). In the sensitivity analysis comprising 1939 patients with post-SRS AVM obliteration on magnetic resonance imaging or DSA, 16 hemorrhages (0.83%) occurred over 2560 patient-years of follow-up (0.63%/y).

Conclusions:

Intracranial hemorrhage and recurrent arteriovenous shunting after complete nidal obliteration are rare in AVM patients treated with SRS, and each phenomenon harbors an annual risk of <1%. Although routine postobliteration DSA cannot be recommended to SRS-treated AVM patients, long-term neuroimaging may be advisable in these patients.
Cymbelloid diatoms from the River Adegoy, Krasnodar Territory, Russia, with a description of a new species Delicatophycus porosus sp. nov. (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta)
Authors: MIRONOV ANDREI , CHUDAEV DMITRY , JÜTTNER INGRID
Published: May 2022

This is a taxonomic study of cymbelloid diatoms from the River Adegoy (Krasnodar Territory, Russia). During the survey 24 taxa were recorded including a new species of Delicatophycus. The morphology of Delicatophycus porosus sp. nov. was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy and compared to nine similar species. The new species can be distinguished from similar taxa by a combination of characters: dorsiventral valves with radiate to parallel striae, broadly rounded apices and apical pore fields. Other species found belong to the genera Cymbella, Cymbopleura, Encyonema, Encyonopsis and Reimeria.
Pinnularia dongzhenensis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Dongzhen Reservoir, Fujian Province, China
Authors: ZHANG WEI , YANG HAN , WANG NI , CAI MEI , KOCIOLEK JOHN PATRICK , YIN SICHENG
Published: May 2022

A new species of the genus Pinnularia is described, Pinnularia dongzhenensis sp. nov., from the Dongzhen Reservoir, Putian City, Fujian Province, China. This new taxon is characterized by having narrowly linear-lanceolate valves, slightly undulate margins and a slightly constricted center, subcapitate apices, narrow axial area and a central area generally forming an asymmetric, rhomboid fascia. The species is compared to Pinnularia nodosa var. hankensis, P. stauroptera var. longa, P. lange-bertalotii, P. pulchra, P. beyensii and P. daerbinsis, all of which closely resemble Pinnularia dongzhenensis sp. nov. but differ from the new species in specific details of size, valve shape and stria density.
The life incarnate and the life divine: Spiritual evolution, androgyny and the grace of the goddess in the teachings of Mirra Alfassa, the Mother of Integral Yoga
Authors: Kuchuk Nika
Published: May 2022

Mirra Alfassa (1878–1973), better known as The Mother, was Sri Aurobindo’s spiritual partner and co-founder of Integral Yoga, a global movement based in South India and currently numbering multiple centres around the world. Affectionately addressed by her devotees at the Ashram as Douce Mère (Sweet Mother), Alfassa is understood to be an incarnation of the Universal Mother, or Shakti, who has ‘taken birth’ on earth in order to facilitate the spiritual – and physical – evolution of humanity to its next stage of development. At the same time, Alfassa deemed celibacy as necessary for advanced spiritual practice, and had renounced biological or ‘physical’ motherhood (and sexual intimacy) even before her collaboration with Aurobindo. Alfassa’s complex attitudes towards gender and normative gender roles, this article argues, inform her teachings and self-positioning as The Mother. Specifically﻿, the intersection of sex, gender and physical materiality is an important current in Alfassa’s thought, including her instructions to future residents of Auroville (a utopian intentional community), her reflections on the Matrimandir, as well as her teachings on the future supramental humanity, whose ‘luminous’ divinized bodies would be genderless or androgynous. Here, the author examines the tensions between the gendered creative and spiritual powers attributed to The Mother, such as her role as Aurobindo’s Shakti and as a grace-bestowing living goddess, and Alfassa’s often ambivalent discourse around gender, embodiment and motherhood. These tensions, it is argued, are not only key to her articulation of Integral Yoga, but also raise broader, conceptual questions about persistent cultural and religious associations between gender and materiality.
Pushing Boundaries: How Lawmakers Shape Judicial Decision-Making
Authors: Schroeder Philipp
Published: May 2022

Existing literature highlights that constitutional courts influence lawmakers’ policy choices without actively intervening in the policymaking process. Lawmakers know that courts may scrutinize their acts and have incentives to amend their policies to pre-empt judicial interventions. However, evidence suggests that lawmakers are not always prepared to sacrifice policy objectives to avoid censure from courts. I develop a formal model showing how lawmakers who provoke confrontations with courts shape judicial decision-making. Drawing on an original dataset of German federal laws adopted between 1977 and 2015 that were reviewed by the German Federal Constitutional Court, I then show that the Court moderated its strike rate of laws when lawmakers had dismissed credible advice that their acts were unconstitutional. The theoretical argument and empirical evidence indicate that courts are more likely to show deference to lawmakers who push constitutional boundaries in their policy choices.
Does Robust Health Infrastructure Alone Mitigate a Pandemic? Comparison of Health Systems and the Pandemic Mitigation in 2020 in Three Indian States
Authors: Barua Taz Mazinder
Published: May 2022

The breakout of the Covid-19 global pandemic in India since March 2020 devastated the national economy, disrupted the federal balance of power between the Centre and the State governments, and led to a migrant crisis. In this article, data-derived lessons are drawn from the management of the pandemic at the State government levels. The article yields an answer to whether the availability of health infrastructure singularly affects the effectiveness of the control of the pandemic. This article compares the management of the Covid-19 pandemic by the health systems of the three Indian States of Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and Kerala in the year 2020. Although the response to the outbreak in Kerala was hailed for its more effective arrest of the disease, the response of the Kerala health system was also distinguished by the prior experience in handling viral outbreaks, active community participation in controlling the disease and a proactive mitigation strategy.
Complicated Grief in a Spanish Sample of Victims of Terrorism: Evidence of Validity of the Inventory of Complicated Grief
Authors: Soriano Arantxa , García-Vera María Paz , Cobos Beatriz , Gesteira Clara , Morán Noelia , Fausor Rocío , Sanz-García Ana , Jiménez-Prensa Adela , Sanz Jesús
Published: May 2022

The Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) is the most widely used instrument to measure complicated grief (CG), but its psychometric properties have hardly been examined in relatives of those who died by violent means. The objective of this study was to obtain evidence of validity of the ICG in a relatives of those who died due to terrorist attacks in Spain. The factorial structure, internal consistency, and relationship with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress were analyzed in a Spanish sample of 211 relatives of people who died in terrorist attacks. The ICG presented a one-factor structure that supports the validity of its total score. This score showed excellent internal consistency indices (alpha = .927; omega = .932) and adequate correlation indices with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress ( r = .71, .63 and .76, respectively). The ICG provides reliable and valid measures of CG in adults who have lost a family member due to violent death.
A rare case of Epstein-Barr virus-positive anaplastic plasmacytoma in the sinonasal tract
Authors: Zhou Tao , Tian Yuan , Cheng Qing , Niu Xun , Sun Haiying , Fan Jun , Xiao Hongjun , Zhou Liuqing , Yue Jianxin
Published: May 2022

Epstein-Barr virus-positive anaplastic plasmacytoma in the sinonasal tract is uncommon. Herein, we present the case of a 40-year-old male patient with a right sinonasal tract filled with a soft tissue mass, as shown on CT. Apart from frequent nosebleeds, he did not report any specific sinonasal symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, discharge, or loss of smell. The patient underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia. The diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus-positive anaplastic plasmacytoma was confirmed by lesion biopsy, subsequent immunohistochemical staining, and in situ hybridization.
Effectiveness of nutrition education and counselling programme on iron deficiency anaemia among adolescents: A study protocol of a randomized trial
Authors: Wiafe Michael Akenteng , Apprey Charles , Annan Reginald Adjetey
Published: May 2022

Background

[GQ4]Adolescents tend to explore their dietary environment without prior consideration of their nutritional needs. This attitude is due to low nutrition knowledge and it contributes to micronutrient deficiency such as anaemia. The study aims to investigate the effect of nutrition education and counselling on dietary iron intake and iron status of early adolescents.

Methods/Design

One hundred and twenty-six early adolescents will be recruited and randomized to receive nutrition education (intervention group) and no nutrition education (control group) in the Asante-Akim South Municipality of Ghana. Data on socio-demographics, dietary factors, dietary intake, knowledge of iron and anaemia will be collected at baseline and post-intervention. Blood samples will be collected for haemoglobin, ferritin and c-reactive protein analyses. The primary outcome measures include haemoglobin and ferritin levels, secondary outcomes such as dietary iron intake, dietary vitamin C intake and knowledge level of iron will be assessed at pre-and post-intervention (6 months). The study will comply with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) for randomized trials.

Discussion

The effectiveness of iron dietary guidelines developed will serve as a manual to aid, prevent and manage iron deficiency anaemia as well as reduce the prevalence of anaemia in the long term in Ghana.
A Latent Growth Analysis of Individual Factors Predicting Test Anxiety During the Transition From Elementary to Secondary School
Authors: Fréchette-Simard Catherine , Plante Isabelle , Duchesne Stéphane , Chaffee Kathryn E.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to examine the evolution of test anxiety during the transition to secondary school, a challenging period that includes a set of contextual factors that could potentially increase students’ test anxiety. In addition, to further understand the contribution of different individual factors that might increase the susceptibility to test anxiety during this transition, the study examined the role of motivation, achievement, internalizing behaviors and gender in the development of test anxiety. A total of 478 French-speaking students (231 boys, 247 girls) were followed during their transition to secondary school. Latent growth analysis revealed an overall stable trajectory of test anxiety during the transition to secondary school. However, internalizing behaviors and gender moderated the trajectory over time. Additionally, high initial levels of internalizing behaviors, as well as lower grades in mathematics, were associated with initial levels of test anxiety, as measured at the end of elementary school.
Associations Between Peer-Perceived and Self-Perceived Gender Typicality and Peer Status in Early Adolescence
Authors: Kleiser Polk Margaret , Mayeux Lara
Published: May 2022

Gender-typical characteristics are associated with popularity and acceptance, suggesting that gender typicality is an important component of how adolescents are perceived by peers. The current study addressed the contributions of self- and peer-perceived gender typicality in predicting popularity and liking among same- and other-sex peers. Participants were 131 7th and 8th graders from a rural, midwestern school. Same- and other-sex peer status were measured via peer nominations; gender typicality was measured via both peer nominations and self-report. Hierarchical regressions showed that self-perceived gender typicality was negatively associated with popularity among other-sex peers, and it was not closely tied to liking by same- or other-sex peers. Peer-perceived gender typicality was positively associated with liking by same-sex peers, and strongly associated with popularity among both same- and other-sex peers. The findings also suggest that gender typicality plays a more significant role in reputational, power-based status than it does for being liked.
Mesocorticolimbic system abnormalities in chronic cluster headache patients: A neural signature?
Authors: Ferraro Stefania , Medina Jean Paul , Nigri Anna , Giani Luca , Demichelis Greta , Pinardi Chiara , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Cecchini Proietti Alberto , Becker Benjamin , Chiapparini Luisa , Leone Massimo
Published: May 2022

Background

Converging evidence suggests that anatomical and functional mesocorticolimbic abnormalities support the chronicization of pain disorders.

Methods

We mapped structural and functional alterations of the mesocorticolimbic system in a sample of chronic cluster headache patients (n = 28) in comparison to age and sex-matched healthy individuals (n = 28) employing structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI.

Results

Univariate logistic regression models showed that several of the examined structures/areas (i.e., the bilateral nucleus accumbens, ventral diencephalon, hippocampus, and frontal pole, and the right amygdala) differentiated chronic cluster headache patients from healthy individuals (p < 0.05, uncorrected). Specifically, all the significant structures/areas had increased volumes in chronic cluster headache patients compared to healthy individuals. The examination of the groups suffering from left and right-sided cranial attacks showed a lateralization effect: ipsilateral to the pain ventral diencephalic regions and contralateral to the pain nucleus accumbens discriminated chronic cluster headache patients from healthy individuals. The resting-state functional MRI data analyses showed that chronic cluster headache patients compared to CTRL individuals present robust reduced functional connectivity in the right frontal pole-right amygdala pathway (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected)

Conclusion

Our results showed that chronic cluster headache patients present anatomical and functional maladaptation of the mesocorticolimbic system, with functional data indicating a possible prefrontal areas' failure to modulate the mesolimbic structures. These results were opposite to what we hypothesized based on the previous literature on chronic pain conditions. Future studies should assess whether the observed mesocorticolimbic abnormalities are due to the neuroprotective effects of the assumed medications, or to the frequent comorbidity of CH with neuropsychiatric disorders or if they are a genuine neural signature of CH and/or chronic cluster headache condition.
Transosseous Meniscus Root Repair in Pediatric Patients and Association With Durable Midterm Outcomes and High Rates of Return to Sports
Authors: Clifton Willimon S. , Busch Michael T. , Murata Asahi , Perkins Crystal A.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Injuries to the meniscus root attachments result in extrusion of the meniscus, impaired distribution of hoop stresses, and progressive degenerative articular wear. As a result of these deleterious effects, there has been increasing emphasis on repairing meniscus root injuries to restore structure and function.

Purpose:

To describe meniscus root tear patterns, associated injuries, and outcomes of transosseous meniscus root repair in a series of pediatric patients.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A single-institution retrospective review approved by the institutional review board was performed on consecutive adolescent patients aged <19 years with a meniscus posterior root tear treated with transosseous root repair over 4 years. All patients had a minimum 24-month clinical follow-up. The primary outcomes were revision meniscal surgery, and Lysholm, patient satisfaction, and Tegner activity scores.

Results:

A total of 20 patients (11 male and 9 female patients), with a mean age of 15.6 years (range, 13-18 years), met the inclusion criteria. There were 14 lateral meniscus root tears and 6 medial meniscus root tears. Seventeen patients (85%) had an associated ligament tear: 12 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and 5 posterior cruciate ligament tears. Two root tears occurred in isolation and both were the posterior root of the medial meniscus. The majority of meniscus root tears (n = 14 patients; 70%) were root avulsions (type 5). The mean follow-up was 42 months (range, 25-71 months). One patient underwent secondary surgery on the affected meniscus after a new injury 4 years postoperatively. Patient-reported outcomes were obtained for 16 patients (80%) at a mean 54-month follow-up. The median Lysholm score was 95 (interquartile range [IQR], 90-100). The median patient satisfaction score was 10 (IQR, 8-10). Thirteen of 16 patients (81%) reported returning to the same or higher level of sports after surgery.

Conclusion:

Meniscus root tears most commonly occur in pediatric patients as root avulsions of the posterior root of the lateral meniscus and in association with ACL tears. This is unique compared with the adult population, in which the medial meniscus posterior root is often injured in isolation from a radial tear adjacent to the root. In our pediatric case series, transosseous root repair resulted in successful outcomes in the majority of patients, with durable results at the midterm follow-up.
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Does Not Decrease Spin Rate or Performance in Major League Pitchers
Authors: Cinque Mark E. , LaPrade Christopher M. , Abrams Geoffrey D. , Sherman Seth L. , Safran Marc R. , Freehill Michael T.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) is commonly performed in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers, with variable reported effects on velocity and traditional rate statistics. Currently, no studies have evaluated spin rate in the context of return to play (RTP) after injury. Greater spin rate has become increasingly sought after in the baseball community, as it is believed to be a vital aspect of pitch effectiveness.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of primary UCLR on fastballs (FB) and sliders (SL) of MLB pitchers in terms of spin rate, velocity, hard-hit rate, and whiff rate. It hypothesized that the post-UCLR FB and SL spin rates, velocity, and whiff rate would be significantly decreased versus their pre-UCLR levels, while the FB and SL hard-hit rates would be higher in comparison with pre-UCLR levels.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

In total, 42 pitchers who underwent UCLR and returned to MLB play were identified from public records from 2016 to 2019. The Statcast system was used to collect spin rate, velocity, hard-hit rate, and whiff rate for 4-seam FB (4FB), 2-seam FB (2FB), and SL for pitchers in the preinjury year as well as the 2 years after return from UCLR. Data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests.

Results:

A total of 36 pitchers met the inclusion criteria, and 31 of the eligible 36 players (86.1%) were able to return to MLB pitching (RTP). There were no significant decreases for 4FB, 2FB, or SL in spin rate, measured in revolutions per minute (rpm), when comparing preinjury levels with the first and second seasons after return. There was a significant decrease in velocity for the 2FB in the first season (92.9 vs 93.7 miles per hour [mph]; P = .045) but not the second season (93 mph; P = .629) after RTP in comparison with pre-UCLR levels. For the 2FB, there was a significant increase in spin rate between preinjury and RTP season 2 (2173.5 vs 2253 rpm; P = .022). For the SL, there was a significant increase in spin rate between preinjury and RTP season 2 (2245.1 vs 2406 rpm; P = .016).

Conclusion:

A cohort of MLB pitchers who underwent UCLR and returned to the MLB level demonstrated no significant decreases in the spin rate, velocity, whiff rate, or hard-hit rate of 4FB, 2FB, or SL at 2 years after UCLR.
The Impact of Critical Life Points and Events for Survivors of Institutional Child Sexual Abuse: Understanding Trauma and the Role of Compensation in Recovery
Authors: Briggs Lynne , O’Leary Patrick , Grove Janine
Published: May 2022

Although the impact of child sexual abuse (CSA) is well documented in the international literature, little is known about the critical points of recovery across the life course for survivors of institutional CSA. The aim of this study was to identify critical points, or events across the life course that may increase, or decrease, a survivor’s vulnerability to the complex traumatization of institutional CSA (ICSA). The sample consisted of two hundred and forty-eight witness statements extracted from the 56 publicly available case studies presented to the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse during 2013–2016 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2017). A content analysis and thematic coding of the statements identified seven main themes in the witness statements (Gender, Organization, Triggers, Trauma, Mental Health, Intervention and Compensation), that appeared to be critical events across the life course. The themes were transformed into variables for further analysis using SPSS. Significant Likelihood Ratios were found between associations with the organization where the abuse occurred and between triggers and breastfeeding/sensory, breast feeding/childcare, emotional and physical distress, and mental health ( p < 0.01). Significant associations were also found between receiving compensation for the CSA and triggers, trauma, breast feeding-sensory and childcare ( p < 0.05) and gender and breast feeding ( p < 0.05). Overall, the findings showed that triggers can be random across the life course occurring mainly through indirect association, or in situations that evoke memories of the CSA, and that receiving compensation can assist survivors in their recovery journey. The findings also indicate the need for health care professionals to be aware of the critical points in a CSA survivor’s recovery and how triggers may impact on their mental welling throughout the life course.
Cybersecurity in business education: The ‘how to’ in incorporating education into practice
Authors: Trumbach Cherie C , Payne Dinah M , Walsh Kenneth
Published: May 2022

Cybersecurity threats have been intensifying and becoming more diverse. Social engineering can enable or enhance these technical attacks. This interplay between technical attacks and social engineering, when used, makes every employee, manager and board member a part of the security infrastructure of an organization. As such, it is incumbent upon systems of higher education to educate both information technologists and organizational leaders on the broader issues: a multidisciplinary approach is needed. This article contributes to the literature by providing a comparison of industry-identified needs to protect against cybersecurity threats and what should be offered by business school academic programs.