bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first fossil skull of an anteater (Vermilingua, Myrmecophagidae) from northern South America, a taxonomic reassessment ofNeotamanduaand a discussion of the myrmecophagid diversification
Authors: Jiménez-Lara Kevin , González Jhon
Published: October 2019

The evolutionary history of the South American anteaters, Vermilingua, is incompletely known as consequence of the fragmentary and geographically biased nature of the fossil record of this group.Neotamandua borealisis the only recorded extinct species from northern South America, specifically from the Middle Miocene of La Venta area, southwestern Colombia. A new genus and species of myrmecophagid for La Venta, Gen. et sp. nov., is here described based on a new partial skull. Additionally, given that the co-occurrent species of Gen. et sp. nov.,N. borealis, was originally referred to asNeotamandua, the taxonomic status of this genus is revised. The morphological and taxonomic analyses of these taxa indicate that Gen. et sp. nov. may be related toTamanduaand that the justification of the generic assignments of the species referred to asNeotamanduais weak or insufficient. Two species previously referred to asNeotamandua(N. magnaandN.?australis) were designated asspecies inquirendaeand new diagnostic information for the redefined genus and its type species,N. conspicua, is provided. Together, these results suggest that the diversification of Myrmecophagidae was taxonomically and biogeographically more complex than what has been proposed so far. Considering the new evidence, it is proposed a synthetic model on the diversification of these xenartrans during the late Cenozoic based on the probable relationships between their intrinsic ecological constraints and some major abiotic changes in the Americas.
Exact calculation of stationary solution and parameter sensitivity analysis of stochastic continuous time Boolean models
Authors: Koltai Mihály , Noel Vincent , Zinovyev Andrei , Calzone Laurence , Barillot Emmanuel
Published: October 2019

Motivation

Solutions to stochastic Boolean models are usually estimated by Monte Carlo simulations, but as the state space of these models can be enormous, there is an inherent uncertainty about the accuracy of Monte Carlo estimates and whether simulations have reached all asymptotic solutions. Moreover, these models have timescale parameters (transition rates) that the probability values of stationary solutions depend on in complex ways that have not been analyzed yet in the literature. These two fundamental uncertainties call for an exact calculation method for this class of models.

Results

We show that the stationary probability values of the attractors of stochastic (asynchronous) continuous time Boolean models can be exactly calculated. The calculation does not require Monte Carlo simulations, instead it uses an exact matrix calculation method previously applied in the context of chemical kinetics. Using this approach, we also analyze the under-explored question of the effect of transition rates on the stationary solutions and show the latter can be sensitive to parameter changes. The analysis distinguishes processes that are robust or, alternatively, sensitive to parameter values, providing both methodological and biological insights.

Contact

mihaly.koltai@curie.froremmanuel.barillot@curie.fr

Supplementary information

Supplementary data available atbioRxivonline.

Availability and implementation

The calculation method described in the article is available as the ExaStoLog MATLAB package on GitHub athttps://github.com/sysbio-curie/exact-stoch-log-mod
Differential polysaccharide utilization is the basis for a nanohaloarchaeon : haloarchaeon symbiosis
Authors: La Cono Violetta , Messina Enzo , Rohde Manfred , Arcadi Erika , Ciordia Sergio , Crisafi Francesca , Denaro Renata , Ferrer Manuel , Giuliano Laura , Golyshin Peter N. , Golyshina Olga V. , Hallsworth John E. , La Spada Gina , Mena Maria C. , Shevchenko Margarita A. , Smedile Francesco , Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Toshchakov Stepan V. , Mushegian Arcady , Yakimov Michail M.
Published: October 2019

Nanohaloarchaeota, a clade of diminutive archaea, with small genomes and limited metabolic capabilities, are ubiquitous in hypersaline habitats, which they share with the extremely halophilic and phylogenetically distant euryarchaea. Some of these nanohaloarchaeota and euryarchaea appear to interact with each other. In this study, we investigate the genetic and physiological nature of their relationship. We isolated the nanohaloarchaeon Candidatus Nanohalobium constans LC1Nh and the haloarchaeon Halomicrobium sp. LC1Hm from a solar saltern, reproducibly co-cultivated these species, sequenced their genomes, and characterized their metabolic/trophic interactions. The nanohaloarchaeon is a magnesium-dependent aerotolerant heterotrophic anaerobe of the DPANN superphylum; it lacks respiratory complexes and its energy production relies on fermentative metabolism of sugar derivatives, obtained by depolymerizing alpha-glucans or by acquiring the chitin monomer N-acetylglucosamine from the chitinolytic haloarchaeal host. Halomicrobium is a member of the class Halobacteria and a chitinotrophic aerobe. The nanohaloarchaeon lacks key biosynthetic pathways and is likely to be provided with amino acids, lipids, nucleotides and cofactors via physical contact with its host Halomicrobium. In turn, the ability of Ca. Nanohalobium to hydrolyse alpha-glucans boosts the host’s growth in the absence of a chitin substrate. These findings suggest that at least some members of the nanohaloarchaea, previously considered ecologically unimportant given their limited metabolic potential, in fact may play significant roles in the microbial carbon turnover, food chains, and ecosystem function. The behaviour of Halomicrobium, which accommodates the colonization by Ca. Nanohalobium, can be interpreted as a bet-hedging strategy, maximizing its long-term fitness in a habitat where the availability of carbon substrates can vary both spatially and temporarily.
Activation and inhibition of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay controls the abundance of alternative polyadenylation products
Authors: Kishor Aparna , Fritz Sarah E. , Haque Nazmul , Ge Zhiyun , Yang Wenjing , Zhu Jun , Hogg J. Robert
Published: October 2019

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) produces transcript 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTRs) with distinct sequences, lengths, stability, and functions. We show here that APA products include a class of cryptic nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) substrates with extended 3’UTRs that gene- or transcript-level analyses of NMD often fail to detect. Transcriptome-wide, the core NMD factor UPF1 preferentially recognizes long 3’UTR products of APA, leading to their systematic downregulation. Further, we find that many APA events consistently observed in multiple tumor types are controlled by NMD. Additionally, PTBP1, previously implicated in direct modulation of co-transcriptional polyA site choice, regulates the balance of short and long 3’UTR isoforms by inhibiting NMD. Our data suggest that PTBP1 binding near polyA sites can drive production of long 3’UTR APA products in the nucleus and/or protect them from decay in the cytoplasm. Together, our findings reveal a widespread role for NMD in shaping the outcomes of APA.
Gene Balance Predicts Transcriptional Responses Immediately Following Ploidy Change InArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Potter Barney , Song Michael J. , Doyle Jeff J. , Coate Jeremy E.
Published: October 2019

The Gene Balance Hypothesis postulates that there is selection on gene copy number (gene dosage) to preserve stoichiometric balance among interacting proteins. This presupposes that gene product abundance is governed by gene dosage, and that the way in which gene product abundance is governed by gene dosage is consistent for all genes in a dosage-sensitive network or complex. Gene dosage responses, however, have rarely been quantified and the available data suggest that they are highly variable. We sequenced the transcriptomes of two synthetic autopolyploid accessions ofArabidopsis thalianaand their diploid progenitors, as well as one natural tetraploid and its synthetic diploid produced via haploid induction, to estimate transcriptome size and gene dosage responses immediately following ploidy change. We demonstrate that overall transcriptome size does not exhibit a simple doubling in response to genome doubling, and that individual gene dosage responses are highly variable in all three accessions, indicating that expression is not strictly coupled with gene dosage. Nonetheless, putatively dosage-sensitive gene groups (GO terms, metabolic networks, gene families, and predicted interacting protein pairs) exhibit both smaller and more coordinated dosage responses than do putatively dosage-insensitive gene groups, suggesting that constraints on dosage balance operate immediately following whole genome duplication. This supports the hypothesis that duplicate gene retention patterns are shaped by selection to preserve dosage balance.
Metagenomic discovery and co-infection of diverse wobbly possum disease viruses and novel hepaciviruses in Australian brushtail possums
Authors: Chang Wei-Shan , Eden John-Sebastian , Hartley William J. , Shi Mang , Rose Karrie , Holmes Edward C.
Published: October 2019

Background

Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) are an introduced pest species in New Zealand, but native to Australia where they are protected for biodiversity conservation. Wobbly possum disease (WPD) is a fatal neurological disease of Australian brushtail possums described in New Zealand populations that has been associated with infection by the arterivirus (Arteriviridae) wobbly possum disease virus (WPDV-NZ). Clinically, WPD-infected possums present with chronic meningoencephalitis, choroiditis and multifocal neurological symptoms including ataxia, incoordination, and abnormal gait.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective investigation to characterise WPD in native Australian brushtail possums, and used a bulk meta-transcriptomic approach (i.e. total RNA-sequencing) to investigate its potential viral aetiology. PCR assays were developed for case diagnosis and full genome recovery in the face of extensive genetic variation.

Results

We identified a distinct lineage of arteriviruses from archival tissues of WPD-infected possums in Australia, termed wobbly possum disease virus AU1 and AU2. Phylogenetically, WPDV-AU1 and WPDV-AU2 shared only ∼70% nucleotide similarity to each other and the WPDV-NZ strain, suggestive of a relatively ancient divergence. Notably, we identified a novel and divergent hepacivirus (Flaviviridae) - the first in a marsupial - in both WPD-infected and uninfected possums, indicative of virus co-infection.

Conclusions

We have identified a distinctive marsupial-specific lineage of arteriviruses in mainland Australia that is genetically distinct from that in New Zealand, in some cases co-infecting animals with a novel hepacivirus. Our study provides new insight into the hidden genetic diversity of arteriviruses, the capacity for virus co-infection, and highlights the utility of meta-transcriptomics for disease investigation and surveillance in a One Health context.
Late- but not early-onset blindness impairs the development of audio-haptic multisensory integration
Authors: Scheller Meike , Proulx Michael J. , de Haan Michelle , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret , Petrini Karin
Published: October 2019

Integrating different senses to reduce sensory uncertainty and increase perceptual precision can have an important compensatory function for individuals with visual impairment and blindness. However, how visual impairment and blindness impact the development of optimal multisensory integration in the remaining senses is currently unknown. Here we first examined how audio-haptic integration develops and changes across the life span in 92 sighted (blindfolded) individuals between 7 to 70 years of age by using a child-friendly size discrimination task. We assessed whether audio-haptic performance resulted in a reduction of perceptual uncertainty compared to auditory-only and haptic-only performance as predicted by maximum-likelihood estimation model. We then tested how this ability develops in 28 children and adults with different levels of visual experience, focussing on low vision individuals, and blind individuals that lost their sight at different ages during development. Our results show that in sighted individuals, adult-like audio-haptic integration develops around 13-15 years of age, and remains stable until late adulthood. While early blind individuals, even at the youngest ages, integrate audio-haptic information in an optimal fashion, late blind individuals do not. Optimal integration in low vision individuals follows a similar developmental trajectory as that of sighted individuals. These findings demonstrate that visual experience is not necessary for optimal audio-haptic integration to emerge, but that consistency of sensory information across development is key for the functional outcome of optimal multisensory integration.

Research Highlights

Audio-haptic integration follows principles of statistical optimality in sighted adults, remaining stable until at least 70 years of life

Near-optimal audio-haptic integration develops at 13-15 years in sighted adolescents

Blindness within the first 8 years of life facilitates the development of optimal audio-haptic integration while blindness after 8 years impairs such development

Sensory consistency in early childhood is crucial for the development of optimal multisensory integration in the remaining senses
MYPT1 O-GlcNAcylation Dictates Timely Disjunction of Centrosomes
Authors: Liu Caifei , Shi Yingxin , Liu Xuewen , Xiahou Zhikai , Li Jie , Tan Zhongping , Chen Xing , Li Jing
Published: October 2019

The role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the cell cycle has been enigmatic. Previously, both O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) disruption have been shown to derail the mitotic centrosome numbers, suggesting that mitotic O-GlcNAc oscillation needs to be in concert with mitotic progression to account for centrosome integrity. Here we attempted to address the underlying molecular mechanism by both chemical approaches and biological assays, and observed that Thiamet-G (OGA inhibitor) incubation strikingly elevated centrosomal distances, suggestive of premature centrosome disjuction. These aberrancies could be overcome by inhibiting Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a mitotic master kinase. Plk1 inactivation is modulated by the Myosin Phosphatase Targeting Subunit 1 (MYPT1)-Protein Phosphatase 1 cβ (PP1cβ) complex. Interestingly, MYPT1 is abundantly O-GlcNAcylated and the modified residues have been detected in a recent O-GlcNAc profiling screen utilizing chemoenzymatic labeling and bioorthogonal conjugation. We demonstrate that MYPT1 is O-GlcNAcylated at T577, S585, S589 and S601, which antagonizes CDK1-dependent phosphorylation at S473, subsequently attenuating the association between MYPT1 and Plk1, and promoting PLK1 activity. Thus under high O-GlcNAc, Plk1 is untimely activated, conducive to inopportune centrosome separation and disrupting the cell cycle. We propose that too much O-GlcNAc is equally deleterious as too little O-GlcNAc, and a fine balance between the OGT/OGA duo is indispensible for successful mitotic divisions.
A topological analysis of difference topology experiments of condensin with Topoisomerases II
Authors: Kim Soojeong , Darcy Isabel K.
Published: October 2019

An experimental technique called difference topology combined with the mathematics of tangle analysis has been used to unveil the structure of DNA bound by the Mu transpososome. However, difference topology experiments can be difficult and time-consuming. We discuss a modification that greatly simplifies this experimental technique. This simple experiment involves using a topoisomerase to trap DNA crossings bound by a protein complex and then running a gel to determine the crossing number of the knotted product(s). We develop the mathematics needed to analyze the results and apply these results to model the topology of DNA bound by 13S condensin and by the condensin MukB.

SUMMARY STATEMENT

Tangles are used to model protein-DNA complexes: A 3-dimensional ball represents protein while strings embedded in this ball represent protein-bound DNA. We use this simple model to analyze experimental results.
Assessment of phylo-functional coherence along the bacterial phylogeny and taxonomy
Authors: Parras-Moltó Marcos , de Cárcer Daniel Aguirre
Published: October 2019

In this report we use available curated phylogenies, taxonomy, and genome annotations to assess the phylogenetic and gene content similarity associated with each different taxa and taxonomic rank. Subsequently, we employ the same data to delimit the frontiers of functional coherence along the bacterial phylogeny. Our results show that within-group phylogenetic and gene content similarity of taxa in the same rank are not homogenous, and that these values show extensive overlap between ranks. Functional coherence along the 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny was limited to 44 particular nodes presenting large variations in phylogenetic depth. For instance, the deep subtree affiliated to class Actinobacteria presented functional coherence, while the shallower family Enterobacteriaceae-affiliated subtree did not. On the other hand, functional coherence along the genome-based phylogeny delimited deep subtrees affiliated to phyla Actinobacteriota, Deinococcota, Chloroflexota, Firmicutes, and a subtree containing the rest of the bacterial phyla.

IMPORTANCE

While bacterial taxonomy and phylogeny resources as well as related bioinformatic tools continue to improve, the question remains as to how they should best be employed in studies using 16S rRNA gene surveys to assess bacteria-ecosystem relationships, a widespread approach. The results contained herein lead to the recommendation that all ranks from genus to class/phylum be employed if using taxonomic binning in the analysis of 16S rRNA gene surveys. With regards to the use of phylogeny or clustering-based approaches, single or arbitrary tree topology or sequence distance thresholds should not be employed. Instead, the results presented here can be used to obtain more meaningful results in many microbial ecology and evolution research scenarios. Moreover, we provide dedicated scripts and files that can be used to continue the exploration of functional coherence along the bacterial phylogeny employing different parameters or input data.
Mechanism of RPA-Facilitated Processive DNA Unwinding by the Eukaryotic CMG Helicase
Authors: Kose Hazal B. , Xie Sherry , Cameron George , Strycharska Melania S. , Yardimci Hasan
Published: October 2019

The DNA double helix is unwound by the Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS (CMG) complex at the eukaryotic replication fork. While isolated CMG unwinds duplex DNA very slowly, its fork unwinding rate is stimulated by an order of magnitude by single-stranded DNA binding protein, RPA. However, the molecular mechanism by which RPA enhances CMG helicase activity remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that engagement of CMG with parental double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) at the replication fork impairs its helicase activity, explaining the slow DNA unwinding by isolated CMG. Using single-molecule and ensemble biochemistry, we show that binding of RPA to the excluded DNA strand prevents duplex engagement by the helicase and speeds up CMG-mediated DNA unwinding. When stalled due to dsDNA interaction, DNA rezipping-induced helicase backtracking re-establishes productive helicase-fork engagement underscoring the significance of plasticity in helicase action. Together, our results elucidate the dynamics of CMG at the replication fork and reveal how other replisome components can mediate proper DNA engagement by the replicative helicase to achieve efficient fork progression.
Clinical extended-spectrum beta-lactamase antibiotic resistance plasmids have diverse transfer rates and can spread in the absence of antibiotic selection
Authors: Benz Fabienne , Huisman Jana S. , Bakkeren Erik , Herter Joana A. , Stadler Tanja , Ackermann Martin , Diard Médéric , Egli Adrian , Hall Alex R. , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich , Bonhoeffer Sebastian
Published: October 2019

Horizontal gene transfer, mediated by conjugative plasmids, is a major driver of the global spread of antibiotic resistance. However, the relative contributions of factors that underlie the spread of clinically relevant plasmids are unclear. Here, we quantified conjugative transfer dynamics of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing plasmids in the absence of antibiotics. We showed that clinicalEscherichia colistrains natively associated with ESBL-plasmids conjugate efficiently with three distinctE. colistrains and oneSalmonellaenterica serovar Typhimurium strain, reaching final transconjugant frequencies of up to 1% within 24 hoursin vitro. The variation of final transconjugant frequencies varied among plasmids, donors and recipients and was better explained by variation in conjugative transfer efficiency than by variable clonal expansion. We identified plasmid-specific genetic factors, specifically the presence/absence of transfer genes, that influenced final transconjugant frequencies. Finally, we investigated plasmid spread within the mouse intestine, demonstrating qualitative agreement between plasmid spreadin vitroandin vivo.This suggests a potential for the prediction of plasmid spread in the gut of animals and humans, based onin vitrotesting. Altogether, this may allow the identification of resistance plasmids with high spreading potential and help to devise appropriate measures to restrict their spread.
A Study of Association of ABO Blood Group types with Cancer Risk
Authors: Singh Vishal , Yadav Upendra , Rai Vandana , Kumar Pradeep
Published: October 2019

More than 30 blood group systems have been recognized by International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). ABO blood group is one of the most studied blood group system. ABO blood group system consist of three alleles A, B and O, out which A and B are co-dominant and O is recessive. Many researchers and investigators have found association between ABO blood group and cancer risk. It was found from the recent data that blood group A and AB is associated with increased pancreatic and gastric cancer risk. In the present study data of ABO blood group of 243 patients, both males and females, with confirmed cases of cancer was obtained from Sir Sunderlal hospital, Institute of Medical Science (IMS), Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and Apex hospital, DLW Road, Varanasi. 250 Samples of both males and females were taken as control. Out of 243 cancer patients 117 were males and 126 were females. In 243 cases enrolled in present study, highest number of cases were of breast cancer among women and lowest were rectal cancer. It was found that A blood group was associated with breast cancer, oral cancer, liver cancer and ovarian cancer as compared to other blood group and blood group O was associated with lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, skin cancer and endometrial cancer.
Comprehensive characterization of the mutational landscape in localized anal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Trilla-Fuertes Lucía , Ghanem Ismael , Maurel Joan , G-Pastrián Laura , Mendiola Marta , Peña Cristina , López-Vacas Rocío , Prado-Vázquez Guillermo , López-Camacho Elena , Zapater-Moros Andrea , Heredia Victoria , Cuatrecasas Miriam , García-Alfonso Pilar , Capdevila Jaume , Conill Carles , García-Carbonero Rocío , Heath Karen E. , Ramos-Ruiz Ricardo , Llorens Carlos , Campos-Barros Ángel , Gámez-Pozo Angelo , Feliu Jaime , Vara Juan Ángel Fresno
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare neoplasm. Chemo-radiotherapy is the standard of care, with no therapeutic advances achieved over the past three decades. Thus, a deeper molecular characterization of this disease is still necessary.

Methods

We analyzed 46 paraffin-embedded tumor samples from patients diagnosed with primary ASCC by exome sequencing. A bioinformatics approach focused in the identification of high impact genetic variants, which may act as drivers of oncogenesis, was performed. The relation between genetics variant and prognosis was also studied.

Results

The list of high impact genetic variants was unique for each patient. However, the pathways in which these genes are involved are well-known hallmarks of cancer, such as angiogenesis or immune pathways. Additionally, we determined that genetic variants inBRCA2, ZNF750, FAM208B, ZNF599andZC3H13genes are related with poor disease-free survival in ASCC.

Conclusion

High impact genetic variants in ASCC affect pathways involved in cancer development, and may play a role in the etiology of the disease. Variants inBRCA2, ZNF750, FAM208B, ZNF599andZC3H13genes seem to be related with prognosis in ASCC. Sequencing of ASCC clinical samples appears an encouraging tool for the molecular portrait of this disease.
A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell: an interactive web resource
Authors: Go Christopher D. , Knight James D.R. , Rajasekharan Archita , Rathod Bhavisha , Hesketh Geoffrey G. , Abe Kento T. , Youn Ji-Young , Samavarchi-Tehrani Payman , Zhang Hui , Zhu Lucie Y. , Popiel Evelyn , Lambert Jean-Philippe , Coyaud Étienne , Cheung Sally W.T. , Rajendran Dushyandi , Wong Cassandra J. , Antonicka Hana , Pelletier Laurence , Palazzo Alexander F. , Shoubridge Eric A. , Raught Brian , Gingras Anne-Claude
Published: October 2019

Compartmentalization is a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells, partitioning cellular processes into discrete subcellular locations. High throughput microscopy1 and biochemical fractionation coupled with mass spectrometry2–6 have helped to define the proteomes of a variety of organelles and macromolecular structures. However, many other intracellular compartments have remained refractory to such approaches, due for example to difficulty in purifying non-membrane bound structures. Proximity-dependent biotinylation techniques such as BioID provide an alternative approach for defining the composition of cellular compartments in living cells7–10. Here we present a BioID-based map of a human cell based on 192 markers from 32 different subcellular compartments, comprising 35,902 high confidence proximity interactions, and defining the intracellular locations of 4,145 unique proteins in HEK 293 cells. Our localization predictions meet or exceed previous-approaches, with higher specificity, and enabled the discovery of proteins at the mitochondrial outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interface that are critical for mitochondrial homeostasis. Based on this dataset, we have established humancellmap.org as a community resource that provides online tools for localization analysis of user BioID data, and demonstrate how this resource can be used to better understand BioID datasets.
Mitogen-independent cell cycle progression in B lymphocytes
Authors: Singh Amit , Spitzer Matthew H. , Joy Jaimy P. , Kaileh Mary , Qiu Xiang , Nolan Garry P. , Sen Ranjan
Published: October 2019

The canonical view of the cell cycle posits that G1 progression signals are essential after each mitosis to enter S phase. A subset of tumor cells bypass this requirement and progress to the next cell division in the absence of continued signaling. B and T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system undergo a proliferative burst, termed clonal expansion, to generate pools of antigen specific cells for effective immunity. There is evidence that rules for lymphocyte cell division digress from the canonical model. Here we show that B lymphocytes sustain several rounds of mitogen-independent cell division following the first mitosis. Such division is driven by unique characteristics of the post mitotic G1 phase and limited by extensive cell death that can be circumvented by appropriate anti-apoptotic signals. An essential component for continued cell division is Birc5 (survivin), a protein associated with chromosome segregation in G2/M. Our observation provides direct evidence for Pardee’s hypothesis that retention of features of G2M in post-mitotic cells could trigger further cell cycle progression. The partially active G1 phase and propensity for apoptosis that is inherited after each division may permit rapid burst of proliferation and cell death that are hallmarks of immune responses.
Synthesis, crystal structure solution and characterization of two organic–inorganic hybrid layered materials based on metal sulfates and 1,4-phenylenediamine
Authors: Gonzalez Guillen Anabel , Oszajca Marcin , Luberda-Durnaś Katarzyna , Lasocha Wieslaw
Published: October 2019

Two organic–inorganic hybrid layered materials, namely poly[(μ-1,4-diaminobenzene-κ2N:N′)[μ3-sulfato(VI)-κ4O:O′:O′′,O′′′]manganese], [Mn(SO4)(C6H8N2)]n,1, and poly[(μ-1,4-diaminobenzene-κ2N:N′)[μ3-sulfato(VI)-κ4O:O′:O′′,O′′′]copper], [Cu(SO4)(C6H8N2)]n,2, have been synthesized using 1,4-phenylenediamine (PPD) as an organic template and component (linker). Both materials form three-dimensional frameworks. The crystal structures were determined using data from powder X-ray diffraction measurements. The purity and morphology of the compounds were studied by elemental analyses and SEM investigations, and their thermal stabilities were determined by thermogravimetric and nonambient powder X-ray diffraction measurements, which indicated that1is stable up to 537 K and2is stable up to 437 K.
Tetra-n-butylammonium orotate monohydrate: knowledge-based comparison of the results of accurate and lower-resolution analyses and a non-routine disorder refinement
Authors: Ara Irene , Basdouri Zeineb , Falvello Larry R. , Graia Mohsen , Guerra Pablo , Tomás Milagros
Published: October 2019

The title hydrated molecular salt (systematic name: tetra-n-butylammonium 2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate monohydrate), C16H36N+·C5H3N2O4
−·H2O, crystallizes with N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen-bonded double-stranded antiparallel ribbons consisting of the hydrophilic orotate monoanions and water molecules, separated by the bulky hydrophobic cations. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the structure are joined by weaker non-classical C—H...O hydrogen bonds. An accurate structure analysis conducted at T = 100 K is compared to a lower-resolution less accurate determination using data measured at T = 295 K. The results of both analyses are evaluated using a knowledge-based approach, and it is found that the less accurate room-temperature structure analysis provides geometric data that are similar to those derived from the accurate low-temperature analysis, with both sets of results consistent with previously analyzed structures. A minor disorder of one methyl group in the cation at low temperature was found to be slightly more complex at room temperature; while still involving a minor fraction of the structure, the disorder at room temperature was found to require a non-routine treatment, which is described in detail.
Supply chain innovation research: content analysis based review
Authors: Jajja Muhammad Shakeel Sadiq , Asif Muhammad , Shah Syed Aamir Ali , Chatha Kamran Ali
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze research methodologies and publication trends across geographical regions in the field of supply chain innovation (SCI) and provide a discussion of future research in the SCI.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a content analysis approach, this paper investigates 26 years of SCI research based on a sample of 473 journal articles published in 77 peer-reviewed international journals.

Findings

There has been an increasing focus on empirical quantitative research design as compared to empirical qualitative, conceptual quantitative and conceptual qualitative designs in the field of SCI. Continued research interest in SCI from all parts of the world including North America, Europe and Asia illustrates the importance of SCI in the broader field of management.

Research limitations/implications

The inclusion of a large number of journals provides greater confidence in the identified trends. However, as the top-tier journals publish only the most rigorous studies, considering all journals as equally weighted will give rise to a mixed pool of studies. Identifying trends from this mixed pool may provide more comprehensiveness at the cost of inclusion of non-core journals of the field.

Originality/value

The current study builds a holistic view of the methodological progress made so far in the field of SCI.
Time, island and ambulance type characteristics of patient transfers from two Turkish islands
Authors: Caliskan Cuneyt , Altintas K. Hakan
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the time, place and ambulance types specified on the ambulance patient registry forms for cases transferred through 112 EMS in the Bozcaada and Gökçeada island districts of the province of Çanakkale.

Design/methodology/approach

The universe of the descriptive – cross-sectional epidemiological study was composed of the ambulance patient registration forms of the cases which were transferred from Bozcaada and Gökçeada islands between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013.

Findings

Of the transfers made, 28.1 percent were in the year 2012, 39.5 percent were in summer, 16.6 percent were in July, 17.9 percent were on Monday, 37.1 percent were between 12.00 and 17.59 h and 61.5 percent were from Gökçeada island. Ground ambulances were more common in the transfers from Bozcaada island, while ambulance boat and helicopter ambulance were more common for transfers from Gökçeada island. Helicopter-Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) (p<0.001), which is commonly preferred for patient transfers, inversely affects the use of Ambulance Boat-Emergency Medical Service (BEMS) and ground ambulances. Transfers from Bozcaada island were found to be shorter in duration, and the number of transfers from Bozcaada island between 00.00 and 05.59 h were found to be higher than from Gökçeada island (p<0.001), while the number of transfers via ground ambulance between 00.00 and 05.59 h were found to be higher than the other ambulance types (p<0.001).

Practical implications

This study reveals the current state of the various referral routes from the islands.

Originality/value

This paper is the first study to demonstrate the characteristics of patients referred from the island belongs to Turkey.
The European Union’s multi-level impact on member state projectification in light of neoinstitutional theory
Authors: Jałocha Beata
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand how has the European Union (EU) funding influenced projectification of the Polish public sector. The projectification of the public sector is analysed in relation to three levels: mega (state level), macro (sector level) and mezo (organisation level). Hence, it is understood as a multidimensional phenomenon that permeates different social structures. The study also applies elements of neoinstitutional theory and Europeanisation concept to the research on projectification.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on the mixed methods approach. The adopted methods (document analysis, quantitative analysis and in-depth interviews) are both qualitative and quantitative in nature and were used sequentially to address the research question, while securing the triangulation of the data.

Findings

The Polish public sector was projectified as a result of the implementation of hundreds of thousands of projects co-financed by the EU, which among other things, effected in legal regulations that support the project implementation of public tasks and changes in organisational structures towards a project-oriented direction. At public organisation level, it causes changes in the scope of organisational structures, strategic management processes and methods of work. On the basis of the assumptions that explain the mechanism of organisational isomorphism and Europeanisation, the paper may conclude that the public sector projectification process was triggered by a misfit between the projectified EU structures and the low degree of projectification in the Polish public sector.

Originality/value

The study is the first step to try to understand how the massification of project activities can affect the activities of the public sector of the particular country and the shaping of public policies at home. Because Poland has been the largest beneficiary of EU funds in Europe for over ten years, it can be assumed that these processes in this country are particularly intense. An attempt was also made to identify the scale of the public sector projectification process in Poland by not only describing, but also quantifying the phenomenon.
The phenomena of overtourism: a review
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Butler Richard
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the emergence of overtourism, outline the issues and contributing factors, as it relates to cities, and to suggest possible mitigation measures that might be taken by policy makers.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper draws from a review of literature looking at longitudinal issues of tourism development overtime and what has contributed to the phenomena of overtourism. A discussion of implications is provided from this review.

Findings

As tourism is an industry which has historically been poorly managed, greater political will and actual acknowledgement of the problem, as well as action by all levels of government are the necessary first steps to address overtourism.

Practical implications

This paper outlines key elements that contribute to overtourism and provides global examples which may help practitioners identify key critical issues in their own destinations and identify appropriate actions.

Social implications

This paper identifies issues raised by local resident populations and possible responses.

Originality/value

This paper provides a critical overview of overtourism issues, as it relates to cities and discusses potential mitigation and reduction efforts, thereby providing an explanation of why overtourism has become so prevalent.
The significance of the contribution of children to conceptualising the destination of the future
Authors: Seraphin Hugues , Green Sarah
Published: October 2019

Purpose

As there is a growing demand of cutting-edge technology as part of the tourism experience from the digital native population and because little is known about this group as tourism consumers despite the fact they will be the core tourism spender of tomorrow, the purpose of this paper is to give children an opportunity to share their vision of the destination of the future.

Design/methodology/approach

From a methodological point of view, a qualitative approach is adopted. Children were asked to draw, communicate and display their view on their Winchester of the future. The data collected are used to formulate an innovative, smart-based future-fit management approach for products and services design.

Findings

To fully meet the needs and expectation of the coming generation of tourists, Winchester (city located in the South of England, and surrounded by some of the most visited UK destinations, namely London, Oxford and Cambridge) will have to adopt an ambidextrous management approach when developing products and services for customers of the future. This ambidextrous management approach will balance metaphorical thinking and objective thinking in product and service design.

Originality/value

There is a scarcity of studies on children in tourism research despite the fact the industry and academics recognise the value and impact of children, and more specifically, their role in purchase decisions. Equally important, this research is also going to contribute to the body of knowledge on smart management of destinations.
HRM practices and effectiveness: a comparison of US Hispanic and non-Hispanic family firms
Authors: Cater John , James Kevin , Kidwell Roland , Camp Kerri , Young Marilyn
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Effective use of human resources is important for the profitability and governance of family firms. In a study of the human resource management (HRM) practices of US Hispanic family firms, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the implications of agency and stewardship governance.

Design/methodology/approach

To better understand HRM practices in US Hispanic family firms, the authors present findings from 169 US firms to hypothesize the extent of HRM development in Hispanic family firms (n=70) vs non-Hispanic family firms (n=99).

Findings

Results indicated that HRM practices in Hispanic family firms are less structured than those of non-Hispanic family firms; however, when Hispanic family firms effectively use HRM practices, they will have greater financial success.

Originality/value

Therefore, the results suggest that Hispanic family firm leaders display relatively low agency governance and high stewardship governance.
Business strategy and tax aggressiveness in Brazil
Authors: Lopo Martinez Antonio , Ferreira Bruno Afonso
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationships between company business strategy type and tax aggressiveness for companies listed on the Brazilian Bovespa stock exchange.

Design/methodology/approach

Following the concepts of Miles and Snow (1978, 2003), we classified company strategies into four types, analyser, defender, prospector and reactor, using data from 2012 to 2016. The authors excluded financial companies due to a differential tax regime. Next, prospector and defender companies were identified, and the relationship of these strategies with tax aggressiveness assessed using regression analysis; analyser and reactor types were not included as these are defined as a combination of the prospector and defender type, or non-strategic, respectively. To assess aggressiveness, the authors used effective tax rates on corporate profits, as well as a metric that captures tax burden in terms of all taxes paid by a company.

Findings

Most Brazilian companies were analysers (76.66 per cent), with prospector companies being a minority, and defenders representing a little over 21 per cent. Unlike the findings of Higgins et al. (2015), the authors found that defender companies also have a tendency to practice aggressive tax planning.

Practical implications

The authors found the Brazilian defender companies similar to prospectors, tended to be more tax aggressive or to take higher tax risks. Thus, findings in economies such as the USA may not be generalizable to other countries, such as Brazil, Russia, India or China (i.e. the BRICs), for example. The particularities of each country, such as ease of access to the capital market, tax deductibility of investment in research and development and legal issues must be considered before applying generalized prognostics.

Originality/value

This paper offers original empirical evidence from Brazil of the relationship between company strategy type and the tax aggressiveness, offering a clear result that differs in part from results from American companies. It therefore encourages further studies on this topic.
Legal socialization and selective exposure to “cop-watching” websites
Authors: Moule Jr Richard K. , Parry Megan M. , Fox Bryanna
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The legitimacy crisis faced by law enforcement has been suggested to be the result of a new media environment where citizens can record encounters with police and place these recordings online. The purpose of this paper is to examine the motives of individuals who cop-watch, or record the police, but not the factors influencing visiting cop-watching websites.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a cross-sectional, national sample of 702 American adults, and drawing on theories of legal socialization and selective exposure, the current study examines the prevalence and correlates visiting “cop-watching” websites.

Findings

Approximately 9 percent of the sample reports having ever visited these sites. Results from a series of logistic regressions indicate legal cynicism is positively associated with having ever visited these sites, having done so recently, following these sites on social media and visiting these sites more frequently after Ferguson. Police legitimacy reduced the likelihood that individuals had ever visited these sites, but was unrelated to other outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional nature of the survey precludes discussion of causality, but results are fairly consistent with theoretical expectations.

Originality/value

The current study reflects an early attempt to understand correlates of public consumption of “cop-watching” material.
Perpetrators, victims, bystanders and upstanders: cyberbullying in a special school context
Authors: Beer Paula , Hawkins Claire , Hewitson Dawn , Hallett Fiona
Published: October 2019

This study offers a multi‐dimensional analysis of ‘real world’ cyberbullying between members of a special school community. The purpose of this article is to analyse the social and educational contexts within which interactions of this nature are embedded. The interview both illuminated a number of themes pertinent to the current literature, and extended those related to the call for further analysis of the contextual determinants of cyberbullying. The influence of the conditions experienced by the children involved (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC)) is discussed and demonstrated. This use of natural observation provides a current and ‘real world’ illustration of teacher perceptions of the complex behaviours and interactions occurring in cyberspace, which hold potential for grave consequences. A hopeful tone is maintained as the potential for selfless upstander behaviour and resolution via the involvement of supportive and knowledgeable pastoral staff is realised in the article's conclusion.
What Is Suppletion? On *Goedand onWentin Modern English
Authors: Kayne Richard S.
Published: October 2019

The term ‘suppletion’ is appropriate forwent/*goed, but only if that term is taken to be an informal descriptive term that hides a rich set of phonological and morphosyntactic properties that underlie each ofwentand*goedtaken separately. No direct blocking relation betweenwentand*goedis called for. The notion of verbal theme vowel is central.
Compleat physician 2.0
Authors: Thorp John M
Published: October 2019

Deputy Editor‐in‐Chief, Dr John M Thorp, discusses the latest thinking in women's health and highlights articles from this issue in an audio podcast available at: https://soundcloud.com/bjog/November-editorial-2019