bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Two New Fungicides Against Colletotrichum Kahawae Infecting Coffee in Kenya
Authors: Malaka Samuel Musime , Alwora Getrude Okutoyi , Bonuke Shem Nchore
Published: September 2021

Coffee Berry Disease(CBD) caused by Colletotrichum kahawae is a destructive fungal disease of coffee in Kenya, leading to a loss of about 75%. This study aimed to assess the In Vitro efficacy of two fungicides:- CRI 1 (Pyraclostrobin 150 g/L + Fluxapyroxad 75 g/L) and CRI 2 (Pyraclostrobin 128 g/Kg + Boscalid 252 g/Kg) against C. kahawae using poisoned food technique on Potato Dextrose Agar. A total of 170 coffee berries with C. kahawae symptoms were purposively collected from both sprayed and unsprayed plots. Ten rates of each of the two fungicides were assessed ranging from 0.01% to 0.1% at an interval of 0.01%. Two commercial standard fungicides Pyraclostrobin 250 g/L at 0.04% and Tebuconazole 200 g/L + Trifloxystrobin 100 g/L at 0.1% were used as positive controls. Fungal inoculum in PDA media devoid of the fungicide acted as the negative control. Data on colony diameter was collected after every 24 hours for 13 days. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the data on colony diameter was done using CoStat software version 6.400. The results revealed that all the rates of CRI 1 and CRI 2 fungicides controlled the colony diameter of C. kahawae compared to the control treatment. CRI 1 fungicide suppressed the growth of C. kahawae even at the lowest concentration of 0.01% with a percentage control of 64.74 %. The highest concentration of 0.1% had a percentage control of 66.15% . CRI 1 is more effective in controlling C. kahawae since it controls the fungus at a rate even lower than Pyraclostrobin 250 g/L which had a percentage control of 66.10 at a recommended rate of 0.04% and Tebuconazole 200 g/L + Trifloxystrobin 100 g/L fungicides which had a percentage control of 65.76 at a recommended rate of 0.1%. CRI 1 also hade a better percentage control as compared to CRI 2. CRI 2 had a percentage control of 54.63% at the highest rate of 0.1% and a percentage control of 35.60% at the lowest rate of 0.01% . Further studies on CRI 1 and CRI 2 fungicides should be carried out for yield assessment in the field.
Isolation and Assessment of the Symbiotic Efficiency of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Nodulating Rhizobial Isolates from Eastern Hararghe Highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Mulugeta , Kebede Ameha
Published: September 2021

This particular work was devoted to isolate and assess the symbiotic efficiency of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)-nodulating rhizobia isolate at few faba bean growing areas of the eastern Hararghe highlands of Ethiopia. Overall 50 rhizobia isolates were obtained from soil samples of three Woredas (districts) of the eastern Hararghe highlands using the host trap method. Out of these 50 isolates, 40 were presumptively identified as rhizobia. Among these 40 rhizobia isolates, only 31 were successful to nodulate faba bean, and authenticated as true faba bean nodulating rhizobia. Concerning the symbiotic efficiency, about 52%, 35%, and 13% of the rhizobial isolates were found to be highly effective, effective, and lowly-effective, respectively. The correlation data on the sand experiment displayed that nodule dry weight was associated positively and significantly (r = 0.494, p<0.05) with shoot dry weight while shoot dry weight was associated positively and significantly (r=0.41, p<0.05) with plant total nitrogen. Positive correlations were also observed concerning shoot dry weight and dry weight of nodules (r = 0.7, p<0.05) on unsterilized soil. Among the observed rhizobium isolates, EHHFR (4A, 6A) showed the highest symbiotic efficiency above 110%, tolerated NaCl concentration ranging from 2% to 6% and 2% to 8%, respectively, and a pH range of 4.5 to 8 and 5 to 8, respectively. Thus, based on their symbiotic efficiency at the greenhouse level and relative tolerance to extreme conditions these faba bean nodulating rhizobia isolates were recommended to be used as nominees for the future development of faba bean rhizobial inoculants after being tested on field conditions.
Wave theory of virtual image [Invited]
Authors: Bekirov Arlen R. , Luk’yanchuk Boris S. , Wang Zengbo , Fedyanin Andrey A.
Published: September 2021

The super resolution effect with virtual image was discovered about ten years ago using micron-sized transparent spherical dielectric particles. However, within the range of the corresponding size parameters, the simple approximation of geometric optics is not valid. Correct description of the virtual image needs the wave theory. Here we developed a novel theoretical method based on the wave theory of virtual image formation within a transparent dielectric sphere and discussed a few unusual effects arising in the frame of the wave theory.
Widespread closure of HIV prevention and care services places youth at higher risk during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Stephenson Rob , Walsh Alison R. , Chavanduka Tanaka M. D. , Sallabank Gregory , Horvath Keith J. , Castel Amanda D. , Bonar Erin E. , Hightow-Weidman Lisa , Bauermeister Jose A. , Sullivan Patrick S.
Published: September 2021

Background

Central to measuring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV is understanding the role of loss of access to essential HIV prevention and care services created by clinic and community-based organization closures. In this paper, we use a comprehensive list of HIV prevention services in four corridors of the US heavily impacted by HIV, developed as part of a large RCT, to illustrate the potential impact of service closure on LGBTQ+ youth.

Methods

We identified and mapped LGBTQ+ friendly services offering at least one of the following HIV-related services: HIV testing; STI testing; PrEP/PEP; HIV treatment and care; and other HIV-related services in 109 counties across four major interstate corridors heavily affected by HIV US Census regions: Pacific (San Francisco, CA to San Diego, CA); South-Atlantic (Washington, DC to Atlanta, GA); East-North-Central (Chicago, IL to Detroit, MI); and East-South-Central (Memphis, TN to New Orleans, LA).

Results

There were a total of 831 LGBTQ+ youth-friendly HIV service providers across the 109 counties. There was a range of LGBTQ+ youth-friendly HIV-service provider availability across counties (range: 0–14.33 per 10,000 youth aged 13–24 (IQR: 2.13), median: 1.09); 9 (8.26%) analyzed counties did not have any LGBTQ+ youth-friendly HIV service providers. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the correlation between county HIV prevalence and LGBTQ+ youth-friendly HIV service provider density was 0.16 (p = 0.09), suggesting only a small, non-statistically significant linear relationship between a county’s available LGBTQ+ youth-friendly HIV service providers and their HIV burden.

Conclusions

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, we must find novel, affordable ways to continue to provide sexual health, mental health and other support services to LGBTQ+ youth.
Provider and administrator-level perspectives on strategies to reduce fear and improve patient trust in the emergency department in times of heightened immigration enforcement
Authors: Ornelas-Dorian Carolina , Torres Jacqueline M. , Sun Jennifer , Aleman Alexis , Cordova Emmanuel , Orue Aristides , Taira Breena R. , Anderson Erik , Rodriguez Robert M.
Published: September 2021

Study objectives

Heightened immigration enforcement may induce fear in undocumented patients when coming to the Emergency Department (ED) for care. Limited literature examining health system policies to reduce immigrant fear exists. In this multi-site qualitative study, we sought to assess provider and system-level policies on caring for undocumented patients in three California EDs.

Methods

We recruited 41 ED providers and administrators from three California EDs (in San Francisco, Oakland, and Sylmar) with large immigrant populations. Participants were recruited using a trusted gatekeeper and snowball sampling. We conducted semi-structured interviews and analyzed the transcripts using constructivist grounded theory.

Results

We interviewed 10 physicians, 11 nurses, 9 social workers, and 11 administrators, and identified 7 themes. Providers described existing policies and recent policy changes that facilitate access to care for undocumented patients. Providers reported that current training and communication around policies is limited, there are variations between who asks about and documents status, and there remains uncertainty around policy details, laws, and jurisdiction of staff. Providers also stated they are taking an active role in building safety and trust and see their role as supporting undocumented patients.

Conclusions

This study introduces ED-level health system perspectives and recommendations for caring for undocumented patients. There is a need for active, multi-disciplinary ED policy training, clear policy details including the extent of providers’ roles, protocols on the screening and documentation of status, and continual reassessment of our health systems to reduce fear and build safety and trust with our undocumented communities.
Investigating myotoxicity following Australian red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) envenomation
Authors: Sanhajariya Suchaya , Duffull Stephen B. , Isbister Geoffrey K.
Published: September 2021

Background

Myotoxicity is one of the common clinical manifestations of red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) envenomation characterised by elevated creatine kinase (CK) concentrations of greater than 1000 U/L. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of myotoxicity in patients following envenomation.

Methods/Principal findings

Patient characteristics and serial blood samples (timed venom concentrations and CK concentrations, pre- and post- antivenom) from 114 patients (median age 41, 2-90y; 80 male) were extracted from the Australian Snakebite Project database. Patients were categorised into three groups based on peak CK concentrations [no myotoxicity (<1000 U/L), mild (1000–10,000 U/L) and severe (>10,000 U/L)]. The odds of (mild or severe) myotoxicity was lower in patients that received early antivenom (within 6 hours post-bite) compared to those that received late or no antivenom (odd ratio was 0.186; 95% confidence interval, 0.052–0.664). A population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model was developed to describe the relationship between the time course of venom (a mixture of toxins) and effect (elevated CK). In addition, a kinetic-pharmacodynamic (KPD) model was developed to describe the relationship between time course of a theoretical toxin and effect. Model development and parameter estimation was performed using NONMEM v7.3. No single set of parameter values from either the PKPD or KPD models were found that could accurately describe the time course of different levels of severity of myotoxicity. The predicted theoretical toxin half-life from the KPD model was 11 ± 3.9 hours compared to the half-life of venom of 5.3 ± 0.36 hours. This indicates that the putative causative toxin’s concentration-time profile does not parallel that of venom.

Conclusion

Early antivenom administration reduces the incidence of myotoxicity. The venom concentration profile does not appear to be the driver for myotoxicity following envenomation. Additional factors that affect the sensitivity of the patient to snake venom/toxins must be explored to understand the relationship with myotoxicity.
No tillage and residue mulching method on bacterial community diversity regulation in a black soil region of Northeastern China
Authors: Cai Lijun , Guo Zhenhua , Zhang Jingtao , Gai Zhijia , Liu Jingqi , Meng Qingying , Liu Xiaohu
Published: September 2021

Soil microorganisms are important components of agricultural ecosystems; they are important in agricultural soil nutrient cycle and are easily affected by soil tillage. The response of soil microbial community to tillage is very complex, and the effect of the no tillage and residue mulching method on soil microbial diversity remains unclear. In 2019, the soil was collected from an experimental field after 10 years of continuous cultivation in the black soil area of the Sanjiang Plain in Northeastern China. In this study, the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community and their relationship with soil properties were explored via high-throughput sequencing under no tillage with four residue mulching treatments. No tillage with 60% residue mulching (NTR3) significantly increased the alpha diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacteria and changed the composition of the bacterial community—consistent with changes in soil physicochemical properties. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in the sample soil. Soil physicochemical properties explained 80.6% of the changes in soil diversity and composition, of which soil organic carbon, soil pH, and soil temperature were the principal contributors. Our results suggest that no tillage and residue mulching is conducive to increasing soil organic carbon and soil nutrient content, which is a beneficial conservation tillage measure for black soil protection in Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China. The no tillage with residue mulching, especially 60% residue mulching, alters soil bacterial community and highlights the importance of soil physicochemical properties in shaping the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community. Our findings contribute to a broad understanding of the effects of no tillage and residue mulching on bacterial community differences and provide a scientific basis for the optimization of no tillage measures and sustainable utilization of the black soil of the Sanjiang Plain in Northeastern China.
AIR-BT, a new badminton-specific incremental easy-to-use test
Authors: Abián-Vicén Javier , Bravo-Sánchez Alfredo , Abián Pablo
Published: September 2021

Background

Badminton is a highly demanding sport characterized by intermittent efforts with energy being provided by both the aerobic and anaerobic systems. To date, no incremental badminton field test has been developed that can be easily used by badminton coaches that requires accessible material for anyone.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to develop a practical and reliable easy-to use intermittent endurance badminton test for estimating maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).

Methods

Thirty six Spanish badminton players (age: 24.1±10.3 years) performed, on different days of the same week, four incremental protocols to exhaustion in randomized order: a treadmill incremental test, a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (Yo-Yo IR1) and twice the Abian intermittent recovery badminton test (AIR-BT). Oxygen uptake was determined with a breath-by-breath gas analyzer during the incremental treadmill test, and performance in the Yo-yo IR1 and AIR-BT was recorded.

Results

Significant correlations (p<0.001) for Pearson’s product moment coefficient were found between the performance in the AIR-BT and the two non-specific incremental tests (VO2max in the Treadmill Test: r = 0.87, distance in the Yo-Yo IR1: r = 0.86). The regression equation to calculate the VO2max from the AIR-BT time [VO2max = 0.023*(AIR-BT time in seconds)+31.334] showed an adjusted R2 of 0.76 and a SEE of 3.34 ml·kg-1·min-1. There was no significant difference between VO2max obtained by the incremental treadmill test and VO2max calculated using the regression equation (p = 0.644). A paired t-test reported no significant differences between day 1 and day 2 in the AIR-BT time (p = 0.753), the Pearson correlation coefficient between both days was: r = 0.88 (p<0.001) and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.875.

Conclusions

The AIR-BT is a valid and reliable on-court test for assessing VO2max in badminton players and may be utilized by coaches and physical trainers for cross-sectional comparison of players and for evaluation of longitudinal changes.
Exploring women’s decisions of where to give birth in the Peruvian Amazon; why do women continue to give birth at home? A qualitative study
Authors: Gardiner Esme , Lai Jo Freda , Khanna Divya , Meza Graciella , de Wildt Gilles , Taylor Beck
Published: September 2021

Background

Despite improvements in maternal mortality globally, hundreds of women continue to die daily. The World Health Organisation therefore advises all women in low-and-middle income countries to give birth in healthcare facilities. Barriers to seeking intrapartum care have been described in Thaddeus and Maine’s Three Delays Model, however these decisions are complex and often unique to different settings. Loreto, a rural province in Peru has one of the highest homebirth rates in the country at 31.8%. The aim of this study was to explore facilitators and barriers to facility births and explore women’s experiences of intrapartum care in Amazonian Peru.

Methods

Through purposive sampling, postnatal women were recruited for semi-structured interviews (n = 25). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. A combination of deductive and inductive coding was used. Analytical triangulation was undertaken, and data saturation was used to determine when no further interviews were necessary.

Results

Five themes were generated from the data: 1) Financial barriers; 2) Accessing care; 3) Fear of healthcare facilities; 4) Importance of seeking care and 5) Comfort and traditions of home. Generally, participants realised the importance of seeking skilled care however barriers persisted, across all areas of the Three Delays Model. Barriers identified included fear of healthcare facilities and interventions, direct and indirect costs, continuation of daily activities, distance and availability of transport. Women who delivered in healthcare facilities had mixed experiences, many reporting good attention, however a selection experienced poor treatment including abusive behaviour.

Conclusion

Despite free care, women continue to face barriers seeking obstetric care in Amazonian Peru, including fear of hospitals, cost and availability of transport. However, women accessing care do not always receive positive care experiences highlighting implications for changes in accessibility and provision of care. Minimising these barriers is critical to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in rural Peru.
Factors associated with violence against women following the COVID-19 lockdown in France: Results from a prospective online survey
Authors: Peraud William , Quintard Bruno , Constant Aymery
Published: September 2021

Background

The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown (March 17th—May 11th 2020) on violence against women in France.

Methods

A prospective survey was conducted online between April 2th 2020 and July 5th 2020. Female respondents were recruited from social media networks using the snowball sampling method. Data were collected three times: during (2–19 April) and at the end (11–25 May) of the first lockdown, and following the first lockdown (20 June– 05 July). Sociodemographic variables, lockdown living conditions, financial impact of COVID, and history of psychiatric disorder were evaluated, together with changes in psychological distress over the lockdown period, and the risk of being assaulted post lockdown.

Results

Psychological distress was elevated and remained stable for most of the 1538 female respondents during lockdown. More than 7% of women were affected by physical or sexual violence post lockdown. Unwanted sexual contact accounted for the majority of abuse, but physical and sexual assault were also prevalent. The risk of being abused was higher for participants who had changed anxiety/insomnia symptoms over the lockdown period, and a history of abuse.

Discussion

Women who experienced changes in anxiety/insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown were at higher risk than others of being assaulted post lockdown, especially when they were already socially vulnerable. While social and psychological factors accounting for these changes warrant further investigation, communication and preventive measures during pandemics should include initiatives tailored to women more vulnerable to violence.
Virological failure and associated factors among children receiving anti-retroviral therapy, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Bayleyegn Biruk , Kifle Zemene Demelash , Geremew Demeke
Published: September 2021

Background

Virological failure is under-recognized issue among children living with human immunodeficiency virus in developing countries. This partly may lead to failure to achieve the global goal of 90-90-90 targets in most developing countries including Ethiopia.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the virological failure and its predictors among children receiving antiretroviral therapy at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 253 study cohorts from January 2020-April 2021. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire via a face-to-face interview, while detailed clinical data of the children were collected by reviewing the medical record. About 5 ml of blood were collected for the analysis of complete blood count and viral load quantification. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and variables at p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were considered as statistically significant.

Results

In this study, the viral load suppression rate among antiretroviral therapy experienced children was 68.8%. Meanwhile, the overall virological failure among study participants was 19.4%. Children living without family (AOR = 3.63; 95%CI: 1.27–10.24), children with unemployed family (AOR = 4.95; 95%CI: 1.74–14.12), being wasted (AOR = 3.02; 95%CI: 1.19–7.67) being stunted (AOR = 2.38;95%CI:1.03–5.46), anemia (AOR = 5.50:95%CI;1.37–22.04) and being lymphopenic (AOR = 2.69:95%CI;1.04–7.75) were significantly associated with virological failure among children under treatment.

Conclusion

Higher virological failure among children was noteworthy in the present study. Caretakers other than immediate family, unemployed family, wasted, stunted, anemia, and lymphopenia were significant independent predictors of virological failure. Hence, standard, and optimal management of children under treatment should be warranted.
Comparing the reliability of relative bird abundance indices from standardized surveys and community science data at finer resolutions
Authors: Feng Mei-Ling Emily , Che-Castaldo Judy
Published: September 2021

Biodiversity loss is a global ecological crisis that is both a driver of and response to environmental change. Understanding the connections between species declines and other components of human-natural systems extends across the physical, life, and social sciences. From an analysis perspective, this requires integration of data from different scientific domains, which often have heterogeneous scales and resolutions. Community science projects such as eBird may help to fill spatiotemporal gaps and enhance the resolution of standardized biological surveys. Comparisons between eBird and the more comprehensive North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) have found these datasets can produce consistent multi-year abundance trends for bird populations at national and regional scales. Here we investigate the reliability of these datasets for estimating patterns at finer resolutions, inter-annual changes in abundance within town boundaries. Using a case study of 14 focal species within Massachusetts, we calculated four indices of annual relative abundance using eBird and BBS datasets, including two different modeling approaches within each dataset. We compared the correspondence between these indices in terms of multi-year trends, annual estimates, and inter-annual changes in estimates at the state and town-level. We found correspondence between eBird and BBS multi-year trends, but this was not consistent across all species and diminished at finer, inter-annual temporal resolutions. We further show that standardizing modeling approaches can increase index reliability even between datasets at coarser temporal resolutions. Our results indicate that multiple datasets and modeling methods should be considered when estimating species population dynamics at finer temporal resolutions, but standardizing modeling approaches may improve estimate correspondence between abundance datasets. In addition, reliability of these indices at finer spatial scales may depend on habitat composition, which can impact survey accuracy.
Gene signatures associated with barrier dysfunction and infection in oral lichen planus identified by analysis of transcriptomic data
Authors: Vo Phuc Thi-Duy , Choi Sun Shim , Park Hae Ryoun , Lee Ahreum , Jeong Sung-Hee , Choi Youngnim
Published: September 2021

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most prevalent oral mucosal diseases, but there is no cure for OLP yet. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the role of barrier dysfunction and infection in OLP pathogenesis through analysis of transcriptome datasets available in public databases. Two transcriptome datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed as whole and as partial sets after removing outliers. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated in the dataset of OLP versus healthy epithelium were significantly enriched in epidermal development, keratinocyte differentiation, keratinization, responses to bacterial infection, and innate immune response. In contrast, the upregulated DEGs in the dataset of the mucosa predominantly reflected chemotaxis of immune cells and inflammatory/immune responses. Forty-three DEGs overlapping in the two datasets were identified after removing outliers from each dataset. The overlapping DEGs included genes associated with hyperkeratosis (upregulatedLCE3EandTMEM45A), wound healing (upregulatedKRT17,IL36G,TNC, andTGFBI), barrier defects (downregulatedFRAS1andBCL11A), and response to infection (upregulatedIL36G,ADAP2,DFNA5,RFTN1,LITAF, andTMEM173). Immunohistochemical examination of IL-36γ, a protein encoded by one of the DEGsIL36G, in control (n = 7) and OLP (n = 25) tissues confirmed the increased expression of IL-36γ in OLP. Collectively, we identified gene signatures associated with hyperkeratosis, wound healing, barrier defects, and response to infection in OLP. IL-36γ, a cytokine involved in both wound repair and antimicrobial defense, may be a possible therapeutic target in OLP.
Community’s misconception about COVID-19 and its associated factors in Satkhira, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bakebillah Md. , Billah Md. Arif , Wubishet Befikadu L. , Khan Md. Nuruzzaman
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Misconception related to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been spread out broadly and the the World Health Organization declared these as a major challenge to fight against the pandemic. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 related misconception among rural people in Bangladesh and associated socio-demographic and media related factors.

Methods

Multistage sampling method was used to collect data (n = 210) from three unions of Satkhira District, Bangladesh. The dependent variable was the presence of COVID-19 related misconception (Yes, No) which was generated based on respondents’ responses to a set of six questions on various types of misconception. Exposure variables were respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, mass media and social media exposure. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the respondents. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with COVID-19 misconception.

Results

More than half of the study respondents had one or more COVID-19 related misconception. Over 50% of the total respondents considered this disease as a punishment from God. Besides, many of the respondents reported that they do not think the virus causing COVID-19 is dangerous (59%) and it is a disease (19%). Around 7% reported they believe the virus is the part of a virus war (7.2%). The bivariate analysis found the presence of socio-demographic factors of the respondents, as well as the factors related to social and mass media, were significantly associated with the COVID-19’s misconception. However, once all factors considered together in the multivariate model, misconception were found to be lower among secondary (AOR, 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13–0.84) and tertiary (AOR, 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.92) educated respondents compared to the respondents with primary education.

Conclusion

This study obtained a very higher percentage of misconception about the COVID-19 among the respondents of Satkhira district in Bangladesh. This could be a potential challenge to fight against this pandemic which is now ongoing. Prioritizing mass and social media to disseminate evidence-based information as well as educate people about this disease are necessary.
Communication, risk, trust
Authors: Kovács Barna
Published: September 2021

Communication presumes trust, but trust presumes risk. The main characteristic of trust is that it offers social stability, gives strength for mutual expectations and makes possible the construction of a common world. These traits make possible to present the temporal, spatial and identical
aspects of trust. The confrontation of ‘traditional’ and online trust shows that there is not an essential difference between them but a relational one, the essence of trust appears on his relational mode. The relational approach makes evident that only the risky choice gives content
for trust, in the sense that it is capable to open new, creative possibilities for communication.
Constructing and performing hotel hospitality culture
Authors: Laerdal Kirsti Margrethe , Palmer Catherine , Lester Jo-Anne
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the social processes underpinning the co-construction and performance of hotel hospitality culture. The influence of culture within the hospitality sector has inspired conceptual and empirical research resulting in a significant literature base. However, gaps remain in understanding how culture manifests itself through behaviour in the publicly accessible areas of a hotel. This gap was addressed by research designed to uncover the social processes and behavioural dynamics underpinning the construction of hotel culture/s. Informed by social constructionism, a purposeful sampling strategy and a range of qualitative methods were employed: participant observation, a fieldwork diary recording observations of behavioural encounters, conversational and semi-structured interviews. The findings demonstrate that hotel hospitality culture is co-constructed and performed through interactions between people. Two distinct hotel cultures emerged, Second home/extended family and Corporate leisure. The findings provide a deeper, more holistic understanding of how hospitality culture is brought to life in hotels through the taken-for-granted social encounters between people, encounters wherein hospitality is given, received and experienced.
Juão de Fibra, Maestro Artesano de referencia cultural: entre el reconocimiento y la recompensa, un largo camino
Authors: Barretto Fernandes Cruvinel Êrika , Lima Pereira Karla Danielle
Published: September 2021

La entrevista tiene como objetivo proporcionar a los lectores una reflexión sobre las contribuciones de Mestre a la difusión del conocimiento tradicional, la mejora del patrimonio natural y cultural, la importancia de los procesos co-creativos para la artesanía y su inserción en las cadenas de producción. Durante la entrevista “Juão de Fibra, maestro artesano de referencia cultural: entre el reconocimiento y la recompensa, un largo camino” también buscamos reflexionar sobre el papel de las instituciones en el fortalecimiento de los artesanos y las artesanías de identidad nacional, los desafíos enfrentados para que el reconocimiento del Máster se recompensa financieramente y por el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales.
Lapisan Plasma Spray Ni-Al dan Al-Si Pada Tabung Baja Tahan Karat Austenitik Dengan Jarak Semprot Terbatas (Atmospheric Plasma Spray Coating of Ni-Al and Al-Si on Austenitic Stainless-Steel Tube with Limited Short Spray Distance)
Authors: Sahid Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Atmospheric Plasma Spray (APS) coating is a widely used thermal spray coating process in industrial applications. High density and high bond strength coating are the main features of this process that is required in almost coating properties for specific applications. The geometrical condition of the workpiece substrate dictates the parameter needed to achieve a certain quality of the coating. Changes in the geometry require modification on the parameter of the process to maintain the quality of the coating. Aluminum Silicon and Nickel Aluminum coating were applied on Stainless Steel substrate casing. Due to the limitation of spray distance between nozzle gun and substrate surface of the casing, modified several parameters of the process were taken. Several parameters were investigated to find out the optimum result of coating and verified with tensile bond strength test, hardness test, and microscopic analysis examination. These activities that involved modification of parameters, mechanical testing, and visual inspection informed that power as a function of voltage and ampere, powder feed rate, the surface speed of substrate (the particular amount of workpiece rotation per minute), and traverse speed of gun, contribute to the result of the optimum coating.
THE EFFECT OF ECAP PROCESSING TO HARDNESS, SURFACE MORPHOLOGI, AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF 6061 ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
Authors: Puspasari Vinda , P. A. I. Nyoman Gede , Mabruri Efendi , Herbirowo Satrio , Utomo Edy Priyanto
Published: September 2021

Al-Mg-Si alloys (6xxx) has been widely used as structural materials in building and vehicles because of its excellent strength and corrosion resistance. The improvement of fine grain microstructure which can increase mechanical and physical properties become an interesting field in recent research.. Equal channel angular press is the most promising method to apply severe plastic deformation (SPD) which can produce ultra-fine grain in the bulk material without residual porosity. This study presents some experiments results on the effect of ECAP number of passes variation to the hardness, microstructure, and corrosion behaviour of Al 6061 alloys. The samples were annealed in the furnace with argon gas environment at 530°C for 4 hours and then immersed in liquid nitrogen for 5 minutes before ECAP process. The ECAP process was done with Bc route using dies with 120° of internal channel angle and pass variation of 1, 2, 3, and 4. The optimum hardness is 107.58 HRB in Al 6061 samples with 3 passes of ECAP. The increasing ECAP number of passes leads to a significant grain size reduction from 0 way pass, the grain size is around 10 µm, while for a 4 way pass, the grain size is around 2.5 µm. The corrosion resistance of Al 6061 alloys increased with the increasing number of passes in ECAP process.
The Effect of Variations in Electrolyte Temperature and Current Strength on the Synthesis of Manganese Dioxide from Manganese Sulfate Precursors by Electrolysis Method
Authors: Adi Endani Rizta Febian
Published: September 2021

The development of science and technology today in the field of electronics, especially energy storage increases the demand for the use of lithium secondary batteries. The development of lithium batteries is focused on energy storage capacity by using manganese dioxide (MnO2) as a lithium battery cathode material. Manganese dioxide was chosen as the cathode material for lithium batteries because it has a high storage capacity of about 615 mAh/g compared to other materials such as graphite which has a storage capacity of 372 mAh/g and has a low toxicity of 0.14 mg/kg. MnO2 was synthesized by electrolysis method from manganese sulfate (MnSO4) precursor which was obtained from Trenggalek manganese ore leaching process. The electrolysis process was carried out for 5 hours using variations in electrolyte temperature of 30, 40, 50 and 60oC as well as variations in current strength of 2, 3, 4 and 5 A to determine the effect of electrolyte temperature and current strength on mass gain, structural polymorphy and morphology of MnO2 formed. The highest mass gain was obtained at the use of an electrolyte temperature of 60oC and a current of 5 A, which was 11.4 grams with the polymorphy structure of the MnO2 compound formed was α-MnO2 polymorphy. SEM image shows that the MnO2 particles have a spiny round shape and tend to agglomerate with particle diameter values ranging from 50 nm - 170 nm. Keywords: Electrolysis, MnO2, MnSO4, Electrolyte temperature, Current strength
Strongly Divergent Impact of Adherence Patterns on Efficacy of Colorectal Cancer Screening: The Need to Refine Adherence Statistics
Authors: Heisser Thomas , Cardoso Rafael , Guo Feng , Moellers Tobias , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:

The performance of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs depends on the adherence to screening offers. However, identical adherence levels may result from varying patterns of the population's screening behavior. We quantified the effects of different adherence patterns on the long-term performance of CRC screening for annual fecal immunochemical testing and screening colonoscopy at 10-year intervals.

METHODS:

Using a multistate Markov model, we simulated scenarios where, while at the same overall adherence level, a certain proportion of the population adheres to all screening offers (selective adherence) or the entire population uses the screening offers at some point(s) of time, albeit not in the recommended frequency (sporadic adherence). Key outcomes for comparison were the numbers of prevented CRC cases and prevented CRC deaths after 50 simulated years.

RESULTS:

For screening with annual fecal immunochemical testing at adherence levels of 10%–50%, ratios of prevented CRC cases (CRC deaths) resulting from a sporadic vs a selective pattern ranged from 1.8 to 4.4 (1.9–5.3) for men and from 1.7 to 3.6 (1.8–4.4) for women, i.e., up to 4–5 times more CRC cases and deaths were prevented when the population followed a sporadic instead of a selective adherence pattern. Comparisons of simulated scenarios for screening colonoscopy revealed similar patterns.

DISCUSSION:

Over a lifelong time frame, large numbers of irregular screening attendees go along with much larger preventive effects than small numbers of perfectly adhering individuals. In clinical practice, efforts to reach as many people as possible at least sporadically should be prioritized over efforts to maximize adherence to repeat screening offers.
Komponieren/Spielen/Machen
Authors: Schröder Julia H.
Published: September 2021

Der Beitrag gibt einen Forschungsüberblick zu dem Feld Computerspiel und Musik. Neben der musikwissenschaftlichen Forschung bis etwa 2018 wird die Vielfalt der Beziehungen von Musik und Computerspiel vorgestellt. Das sind die verschiedenen Musikspiele, Sound Toys und andere Kompositionsspiele aber auch Musik im Computerspiel und das Spezifische der Komposition von Musik für Games sowie die Wirkung von Musik im Computerspiel. Als Teil der von Marion Saxer konzipierten Ringvorlesung wird auch das Computerspiel in neuer Musik berücksichtigt.
Ein Polardiagramm für die Analyse gamifizierter audiovisueller Werke
Authors: Ciciliani Marko
Published: September 2021

In diesem Beitrag beschreibt Marko Ciciliani eine Methode zur Analyse von Werken, die von Elementen aus Computerspielen Gebrauch machen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei spielbasierte konzertante Kompositionen, bei deren Aufführung Performerinnen und Performer beteiligt sind. In den letzten Jahren ist insbesondere in Bereichen der Medienkust und der experimentellen audiovisuellen Komposition ein starkes Interesse an solchen hybriden Werken zu beobachten, wodurch Methoden, die eine analytische Annäherung ermöglichen, an Relevanz gewinnen. In der hier vorgestellten Methode werden verschiedene Parameter in einem Polardiagramm angeordnet, um ein differenzierteres Verständnis des analysierten Werks zu erlangen und schließlich mehrere Werke untereinander besser vergleichen zu können.
THIS FEELS GREAT
Authors: Black Annesley , Hansen Jonas , Saxer (verst.) Marion
Published: September 2021

Marion Saxer befragt in diesem Gespräch die Komponistin Annesley Black und den Spieleentwickler Jonas Hansen nach dem Gemeinschaftsprojekt THIS FEELS GREAT, einer Reihe von Mini-Computerspielen, die sich auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen auf Blacks Instrumental- und elektroakustische Kompositionen beziehen. Im Gespräch blicken beide zurück auf die transdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit, auf die dramaturgische Funktion der Musik innerhalb dieser Computerspiele und schließlich auf ihre Suche nach einer Form, die beide Kulturbereiche - Musik und Computerspiel - als solche mit ihren jeweils konstitutiven und medienspezifischen Eigenschaften respektiert und dennoch ein hybrides Dazwischen entstehen lässt.
Systemvertrauen und Journalismus im Neoliberalismus
Authors: Schmidt Malte G.
Published: September 2021

Vertrauenskrisen haben Konjunktur: Ob Politik, Wissenschaft oder Journalismus - kein gesellschaftliches Teilsystem bleibt von öffentlichen Misstrauensbekundungen verschont. Doch was genau meint der schillernde Begriff »Systemvertrauen« und welche Konsequenzen hat ein Mangel desselben? Malte G. Schmidt folgt diesen Fragen aus einer gesellschaftstheoretischen Perspektive. Er zeigt die sozialintegrative Bedeutung des Journalismus auf und prüft, inwieweit dieser seine Rolle als Vertrauensvermittler im neoliberalen Kapitalismus erfüllen kann. Ein ökonomisierter Journalismus - so seine These - bedingt gesellschaftliche Integrationsstörungen, die dann in Form von Autoritarismus auf ihn zurückfallen.
Kinästhetische Interferenzen
Authors: Mohs Dominik
Published: September 2021

In einer künstlerisch basierten Studie zwischen architektonischer Entwurfspraxis und Tanzwissenschaft untersucht Dominik Mohs die Wechselwirkungen von Raumgestaltung und kinästhetischer Wahrnehmung. Rudolph von Labans choreographisches Denken überführt er dafür in eine experimentelle Versuchsanordnung, in der er Raumbildungsprozesse und Antriebe von Bewegungsimprovisationen mit Methoden der Tanzwissenschaften und Motion Capturing analysiert. Tänzerische Bewegung, verstanden als Einfühlung in den Raum und Ausdrucksgeschehen leiblich zentrierter Wahrnehmung, wird damit zur Grundlage, um den von August Schmarsow eingeführten architektonischen Raumbegriff zu hinterfragen.
The DHCP Snooping and DHCP Alert Method in Securing DHCP Server from DHCP Rogue Attack
Authors: Pradana Dio Aditya , Budiman Ade Surya
Published: September 2021

DHCP Server as part of the network infrastructure in charge of distributing host configurations to all devices has the potential to be controlled. If the DHCP Server is successfully controlled, all network devices connected to the server can potentially be controlled. From the observations made at PT. Rekayasa Engineering found a vulnerability in the DHCP Server that has the potential to experience DHCP Rogue or DHCP Spoofing, where the client will fail to communicate with the authorized DHCP Server, as well as open the door for attackers to enter the network. For this reason, DHCP Snooping and DHCP Alert methods are implemented. DHCP Snooping will ensure that every data traffic has been filtered and directed to the registered interface. Meanwhile, the use of DHCP Alert is required in monitoring data traffic during the Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge (DORA) process. In the tests performed, DHCP Snooping and DHCP Alert managed to anticipate attacks that tried to placed DHCP Rogue on the network infrastructure. DHCP Alert, configured on the proxy router, ensures that the DORA process can only occur between an authorized DHCP server and a client. DHCP Snooping test also shows that communication from clients can only be replied to by Trusted DHCP Server. The existence of DHCP Snooping and DHCP Alert makes the host configuration fully controlled by the authorized DHCP Server.
Plants, Pathogens, and the Politics of Care: Xylella fastidiosa and the Intra-active Breakdown of Mallorca’s Almond Ecology
Authors: Reisman Emily
Published: September 2021

Almonds were once “the gold of Mallorca,” a source of modest wealth and a pillar of diversified farming systems for smallholders on the largest of Spain’s Balearic Islands. Now researchers believe nearly every rainfed almond tree on the island will be dead within as few as five years. The introduced bacteria Xylella fastidiosa, enabled by its spittle-bug vector, and emboldened by climate change, has flooded the xylem of these rainfed trees, impeding the flow of fluid and nutrients to the point where the tree can no longer survive. This article enrolls feminist theorizations of care and agential realism to broaden the political scope and stakes of a plant epidemic. I argue that by attending to the care relations underlying pathogenicity we can shift from narratives of landscape purification toward a more-than-human politics of care.
Abstracto
Una vez las almendras eran “el oro de Mallorca,” una fuente de riqueza modesta y un pilar de un sistema de agricultura diversificada para los payeses (campesinos) de la isla más grande del archipiélago balear de España. Actualmente los investigadores creen que casi todos los almendros de la isla pueden morir dentro de cinco años. Una bacteria introducida,Xylella fastidiosa, apoyada por su insecto vector, el salivazo, y animada por el cambio climático, ha inundado la xilema de los almendros de secano, impidiendo la circulación de fluidos y nutrientes hasta el punto de que el árbol no puede sobrevivir. Este artículo emplea teorizaciones feministas del cuidado y del realismo agencial para ampliar el alcance político de una epidemia de plantas. Argumento que teniendo en cuenta las relaciones de cuidado subyacentes de la patogenicidad, podemos pasar de los temas de purificación del paisaje a una política más-que-humano del cuidado.
Life before Vegetables: Nutrition, Cash, and Subjunctive Health in Samoa
Authors: Hardin Jessica
Published: September 2021

Since the 1950s, Samoa has faced rapid changes in food systems and labor practices, creating an environment in which health conditions such as diabetes touch every individual. Through an ethnographic analysis of Samoan people’s attitudes toward the novel food category of vegetables, this article explores how intersecting health promotion and development discourses instrumentalize vegetables as a source of both health and sickness, and as signs of poverty or wealth. This dual instrumentalization simultaneously positions vegetables as objects of trade that may generate wealth for farmers and as objects of health that may accrue nutrition to combat chronic sickness. I introduce the notion of subjunctive health to analyze people’s preoccupation with vegetables, even when these are rarely eaten. In Samoa, subjunctive health frames the consumption of vegetables in several ways: as if vegetables were both plentiful and essential to a proper meal, as if people were not healthy before imported vegetables were introduced, as if it were possible to sustain one’s family through gardening alone. The subjunctive highlights how health is constructed as aspirational, relying on an as if logic that entangles economic and nutritional conditions. It operates through the daily acts of nourishing one’s family to erase from view those biocolonial processes that generated an environment in which chronic diseases flourish.
Freedom of expression -The Clash of Rights
Authors: Baramuli Andhika Yahya Santiago
Published: September 2021

This article will examine the shift in the role of freedom of expression based on recent events, observing how the right to freedom guaranteed by law has shifted into a coercive political tool in modern democracy. The results of this article show that, freedom of expression has been melted and shaped into a shield into a sword. This has changed from what was traditionally a negative role to guarantee people's freedom from arbitrary exercise of power, to a positive role in which people can exercise their liberties against their own rights.