bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Views of the sports audience who received sports education about the sports organizations postponed due to Covid-19
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Hakkari, Turkey, Bingöl Şükrü
Published: November 2020

This research was conducted in order to determine the views of the sports audience who received sports education about the sports organizations postponed due to Covid-19 regarding the postponement. The method of this research, which is a descriptive research, is a scanning model and it was conducted with the questionnaire technique. The questionnaire form developed by the researcher was applied to the research group online and 812 feedbacks were received. The analysis of the data was evaluated in the licensed SPSS 21 package program and descriptive statistics were used in the study. As a result of the research, the majority of the participants stated that they could not think of a life without sports and that they could go to the stadium and sports halls to watch the matches after the postponement was over. In the study, it was determined that the individuals over the age of 61 do not think of going to the gym after delay. It has been concluded that the fact that Covid-19 is more effective, especially on elderly individuals, negatively affects the status of individuals of this age to go to the sports halls or sports organizations.
Cellular mechanisms of erythrodieresis
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Korol T.
Published: November 2020

Normally erythrodieresis is in a dynamic equilibrium with the process of erythropoiesis, and is therefore one of the factors to providing a relatively constant number of red blood cells in the bloodstream. The physiologically old, damaged and non-viable erythrocytes, as well as the erythrocytes which are produced during stress erythropoiesis, are destroyed. Erythrocyte clearance is a selective process. First of all, the cells that have lost their ability to deform are removed from the bloodstream. The deformability of red blood cells depends on the shape of the cells, the viscosity of the cytoplasm and the mechanical properties of the membrane. Old and altered erythrocytes are quite rigid, and are therefore delayed in the narrow capillaries and venous sinuses of the liver and spleen. In addition, macrophages of the liver and spleen phagocytize erythrocytes, which expose “eat me” signaling molecules on their surface. Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer cell surface of erythrocytes and vesicles results in their elimination from the bloodstream by Kupffer cells and other mononuclear phagocytes. During the initiation of erythrophagocytosis, the phosphatidylserine of the outer lipid layer of the erythrocyte plasma membrane directly interacts with the receptors Stabilin-2, TIM-1, TIM-4 or CD300 of macrophages. The macrophage’s integrins avb3 and avb5, as well as the Mer receptor tyrosine kinase indirectly interact with the cell surface-exposed phosphatidylserine through the soluble proteins MFG-E8, Gas 6 and protein S. Clustering of the erythrocyte membrane protein band 3 cau­ses the binding of natural antibodies, and opsonization of erythrocytes with C3b enhances this process and facilitates the recognition of such cells by red pulp macrophages in the spleen. In senescent erythrocytes, the formation of the CD47-SIRPα complex («do not eat me» signal), is suppressed, and this is an additional stimulus for erythrocytes removing by splenic and liver macrophages. The purpose of the review is to describe the mechanisms of erythrophagocytosis and the molecular determinants of erythrocyte senescence and death, including eryptosis and neocytolysis, and to illustrate the substantiated facts and contradictions that exist at the present time of the study of this scientific problem.
Study of toxicity and antioxidant activity of liposomal antioxidants using Paramecium caudatum model
Authors:   National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Pylypenko D.
Published: November 2020

Antioxidant drugs are actively used in medical practice for the treatment of inflammatory processes in various cardiac, ophthalmic, autoimmune, cancer and other diseases. The use of nanobiotechnological methods is a promising area of modern pharmacy, as it allows for creation of drugs of a qualitatively new level. Encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients in liposomal nanoparticles makes it possible to increase the bioavailability and efficacy of natural antioxidants, to create water-soluble injectable forms of hydrophobic compounds. Biotesting is a simple, informative and rapid method to evaluate the toxicity and antioxidant activity of drugs, which can be a valid alternative to the use of laboratory ani­mals at the screening stage. Paramecium caudatum is an unicellular infusoria widely used as test-object due to high sensitivity to environmental changes; big cell size, which makes it possible to monitor changes in morphology and mobility of the cells; easy cultivation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the toxicity and antioxidant activity of liposomal forms of antioxidants: quercetin, curcumin, coenzyme Q10 and cytochrome C by biotesting method using Paramecium caudatum. The toxicity of liposomal forms of quercetin, curcumin, coenzyme Q10 and cytochrome C at doses of 25–100 μg/ml using Paramecium caudatum was studied. Incubation of Paramecium caudatum with liposomal forms of quercetin, curcumin and coenzyme Q10 led to growth of the cell culture, whereas liposomal cytochrome C caused cell lysis within 24 hours. It is established that toxicity of liposomal preparation is influenced by its lipid composition. Incorporation of anionic phospholipid (dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol) in lipid membrane significantly reduces the survival of the test culture compared with liposomes containing only phosphatidylcholine. In the model of oxidative stress induced in Paramecium caudatum by hydrogen peroxide, liposomal forms of quercetin, curcumin and coenzyme Q10 demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant effects, which resulted in tole­rance increasing of the test culture to the toxicant.
Definition of genetic polymorphism of strains Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans that were isolated from waste of coal and energy industry of Ukraine
Authors:   National I.I. Mechnikov University, Vasylieva N. , Brodiazhenko T. ,   National I.I. Mechnikov University, Vasylieva T. ,   National I.I. Mechnikov University, Limanska N. ,   National I.I. Mechnikov University, Marinova I. ,   National I.I. Mechnikov University, Blayda I. ,   National I.I. Mechnikov University
Published: November 2020

The results of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains genetic variability studies that were first isolated from waste by coal and energy industries of Ukraine are reported in this article. These strains, according to the results of previous studies, are fully consistent with the biological properties of A. ferrooxidans bacteria given in Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and other original works [8, 10, 12, 18] also strains studied, regardless of habitat, were resistant to temperature and pH, had a mixed type of food, similar energy sources used by strains, etc. [1, 10, 11]. Using PCR was confirmed the affiliation of isolated from different of origin dumps of acidophilic chemolithotrophic strains with A. ferrooxidans. Genetic polymorphism of the strains was studied by RAPD-PCR using universal primer M13. It was shown that strains of A. ferrooxidans that were isolated from various dumps have a wide genetic diversity. By PCR, their affiliation with the species A. ferrooxidans was confirmed. Comparison analysis of the obtained RAPD profiles showed the variability of the strains which coincides with their main phenotypic properties, as described earlier [11]. The most heterogeneous profiles were characteristic of A. ferrooxidans DTV 1, A. ferrooxidans Lad 5 and A. ferrooxidans Lad 27. The obtained RAPD profiles served as the basis for the generation of the dendrogram constructed using the Neighbor-Joining method and calcula­ting the similarity matrix, based on the coefficient of similarity of Nei & Li. Based on the obtained dendrogram, the formation of two clusters that combine similar strains is shown. The obtained indicators of the probability of formation of nodes of the constructed dendrogram range from 65.0 to 76.0 %%, which confirms the high degree of similarity between strains grouped by clusters. It is also shown that the first of the cluster includes strains that were isolated from coal and waste from its enrichment, and the second cluster includes strains that were isolated from coal waste. The obtained data confirm that the genetic variability of the strains depends on the primary location of isolation of the strains, and the coefficients of similarity between them varies from 0.182 to 0.80.
Sphagnum mosses of the Male Polissya (Lviv region)
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Mamchur Z. , Drach Yu. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Prytula S. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: November 2020

The article summarizes current data about the condition and spread of Sphagnum mosses on the territory of Male Polissya in Lviv Region based on the material from our own field research, materials of National Herbarium of Ukraine (KW), the Herbarium National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sci­ences of Ukraine (LWS) and literature data. An annotated list of the species of the genus Sphagnum was compiled and it includes 15 species together with an indication of place and date of collection, the names of collectors, the spread in Ukraine and biotopes in which the species may occur according to The National Habitat Catalogue of Ukraine and EUNIS. Sphagnum fallax (Klinggr.) Klinggr., S. fimbriatum Wils. and S. palustre L. were determined as the most widespread species of the genus Sphagnum in the research area. Two species S. angustifolium and S. inundatum are indicated for the first time for the territory of Lviv region. Six regionally rare species were found: S. capillifolium, S. cuspidаtum, S. fаllax, S. fimbriаtum, S. obtusum and S. papillosum. The possible disappearance of a species Sphagnum centrale, S. contortum, S. flexuosum and S. obtusum on the territory of the Volytsky Botanical Reserve of national importance was established owing to the draining of wetlands. Ecological groups of sphagnum species on the research area were analyzed, where the predominance of subheliophytes (7 species, 46.7 %), hygrophytes (13 species, 86.7 %), cold tolerant species (13 or 87.7 %) and acidophiles (8 species, 53.3 %) was identified. The topicality of the study is determined by the fact that sphagnum mosses are spread much less frequently than other species from the division of bryophytes because they are confined to a narrow range of biotopes. With the drastic changes in the hydrological regime of the environment, which occurred during the second half of the twentieth century, due to the large areas of drained land, the processes of biotope dehydration became irreversible and some species of sphagnum could have disappeared from the territory of Male Polissya. Due to the sensitivity of bryophytes, in particular species of the sphagnum genus, and due to a disturbance of the hydrological regime of wetlands, the waterlogged mixed coniferous forest in the vicinity of the village Kulychkiv is a promising territory for the creation of a new environmentally protected site or the extension of the Volytsky Botanical Reserve of national importance for the purpose of wetlands preservation here.
Dependence of the adaptive capacity of liver mitochondria on preparation method
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Mazur H. , Merlavsky V. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Manko B.O. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Manko V.V. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: November 2020

When conducting studies on isolated hepatocytes, it is important to obtain cells that retain the functional properties that are characteristic of the whole organ. Increased blood viscosity during liver perfusion, decreased perfusion pressure in blood vessels, and hence hypoxia, are among the factors that may affect the functional state of isolated hepatocytes. The functional state of cells can be estimated by the adaptive capacity of mitochondria, by inducing maximal respiration rate by uncoupling respiration and oxidative phosphorylation due to the addition of FCCP. The research aimed to investigate the adaptive capacity of mitochondria of isolated hepatocytes using in situ and in vitro liver perfusion. Hepatocytes were isolated by the two-staged Seglen method by in situ and in vitro liver perfusion. Isolated hepatocytes, after 15-minute incubation in the medium without addition or with respective oxidative substrate – glutamine, pyruvate, succinate, monomethyl succinate, α-ketoglutarate, dimethyl-α-ketoglutarate (at a concentration of 2 mM) or glucose (10 mM) – were added into the respiratory chamber and FCCP was added in increasing concentrations. It was established that at in situ liver perfusion maximal rate of uncoupled respiration and the optimal concentration of FCCP was higher than at in vitro liver perfusion. Addition of exogenous substrates to a medium increased the respiration rate of hepatocytes. Upon in situ liver perfusion maximal uncoupled respiration rate increased at all causes except glucose, and at in vitro liver perfusion – only when dimethyl-α-ketoglutarate, succinate and monomethyl succinate were used. The optimal concentration of FCCP at in vitro liver perfusion increased due to the addition of glutamine, pyruvate and monomethyl succinate to the medium, and at in situ liver perfusion – only upon glucose oxidation. In both perfusion methods, the highest maximal rate of uncoupled respiration is with the use of monomethyl succinate and the optimal FCCP concentration – upon pyruvate oxidation. Therefore, in situ liver perfusion is better method to obtain stable and metabolically active hepatocytes in support respiratory processes at a high level then in vitro perfusion.
Questions of special assessment of working conditions of medical workers
Authors: Garipova Railya V. , Berkheeva Zukhra M. , Strizhakov Leonid A.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Before the entry into force of the Federal law of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2013 No. 426-FZ "On special assessment of working conditions" one of the available and effective elements of occupational risk assessment in the workplace was workplace certification (WPC) for working conditions, which allows to identify harmful and/or dangerous factors of the production environment, assess the risk levels in the workplace and determine the main areas of employee protection from the adverse effects of harmful production factors. The results of a special assessment of working conditions (SAWC) can be used not only to develop and implement measures aimed at improving the working conditions of employees, informing employees about working conditions and the existing risk of damage to their health, but also to establish guarantees and compensation provided for by the Labor code of the Russian Federation (RF) for employees engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions. The aim of the study is to identify problematic issues during the implementation of SAWC at the workplaces of medical workers to prevent possible errors in its further implementation. Materials and methods. We used data obtained from the results of WPC and SAWC of medical workers of various medical organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). A retrospective analysis of cases of occupational diseases was applied according to the data of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor for the Republic of Tatarstan and the register of patients of the Republican Center of Occupational Pathology. Results. In the RT medical organizations according to the results of SAWC marked decrease in the number of jobs with hazardous working conditions from 92.2% to 78.2% due to the fact that the methodology of the SAWC will not assess the intensity of the work process in all workplaces health workers, and identification and evaluation of biological factors do not always reflect the actual microbiological status of the environment. As a result, working conditions are assessed as acceptable, which deprives medical workers of previously established guarantees and compensation. In addition, during periodic medical examinations (PME), studies on the biological factor are not fully carried out, which makes it difficult to diagnose viral hepatitis, which occupies the second place in the structure of occupational morbidity of medical workers. Conclusions. For high-quality implementation of SAWC in medical organizations, it is necessary to assess the intensity of the labor process of medical workers, taking into account intellectual, sensory, emotional loads, monotony of loads and working hours, and for the correct assessment of the biological factor, it is recommended to introduce an epidemiologist to the commission.
Assessment of indicators of nervous and emotional stress in medical center personnel depending on the characteristics of their professional activity
Authors: Fedotova Irina V. , Vasilyeva Tatyana N. , Blinova Tatyana V. , Umnyagina Irina A. , Lyapina Yuliya V. , Nekrasova Marina M. , Strakhova Larisa A. , Zuev Aleksandr V.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Digital technologies are actively used in the work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles, which causes the impact on employees of a number of professional factors that determine the characteristics of their work. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of professional factors on the functional state of the employees' body and the glutathione system as an objective indicator of stress based on the analysis of the subjective perception of the medical center employees of the specifics of working with personal computers and psychophysiological testing. Materials and methods. The study involved 109 specialists of medical centers (25 ophthalmologists, 31 representatives of the secondary medical staff - nurses and paramedics, 53 office employees). The anonymous survey concerned the assessment of working conditions and their impact on the functional state of the body of the respondents. Performance and stress tolerance indicators were evaluated using three standard questionnaires. The study of 66 subjects' levels of glutathione in the blood: total, reduced, oxidized and the ratio of reduced and oxidized - was used to analyze the relationship of the neuro-emotional nature of labor with the reaction of oxidative stress. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using traditional methods of variation statistics and calculating the value of the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The survey revealed a significant proportion of people in all groups of respondents who constantly use computer technology in their work. Describing the quality of the processed information, doctors more than representatives of other groups note its complexity, importance, negative emotional color, a high degree of responsibility and tension. Doctors more often than average medical staff and office workers associate the manifestation of fatigue with an uncomfortable state of the visual organ, nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. The subjects showed reduced performance and stress tolerance with the most pronounced negative trends in the group of doctors. Changes in the glutathione system were detected, indicating the presence of oxidative stress in 40% of ophthalmologists and office workers, and in half of nurses. Conclusions. The work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles in accordance with their assessment is characterized by high nervous and emotional stress, due to the need to process a significant amount of complex and important professionally significant information. Subjectively noted by respondents the influence of working conditions on the functional state of the body is confirmed by indicators of the glutathione system, which can be used as indicators of nervous and emotional stress.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in employees of various professional groups
Authors: Dyakovich Olga A.
Published: November 2020

A review of 47 studies evaluating the occurrence of metabolic syndrome among employees of different professional groups around the world was made. The influence of various factors of the professional environment (physical activity in the workplace, exposure to occupational stress, exposure to harmful toxicants) on the frequency of the syndrome and its components, considering gender, age and work experience. Analysis of the literature has shown that the characteristics of work activity affect the formation of the syndrome along with well - known risk factors-lifestyle, gender and age. Thus, in most cases, the frequency of metabolic syndrome in people who have mostly "sedentary" work is much higher than in other professional groups. It is proved that the risk of the syndrome is increased when exposed to certain chemicals that are in the air of the work area, even in small concentrations, as well as under unfavorable conditions of activity - shift work, night duty, professional stress. To improve the quality of life of employees and reduce economic and social costs, it is necessary to develop programs for the prevention and rehabilitation of people with this pathology, taking into account specific working conditions, while making adjustments for gender, age, social factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, eating behavior, physical activity during and outside of work).
Book Review of Wendy W. Li, Darrin Hodgetts, and Koong H. Foo. Asia-Pacific Perspectives on Intercultural Psychology. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. Version 1.
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: November 2020

I reviewed and gave some opinions on the book titled "Asia-Pacific Perspectives on Intercultural Psychology" by Wendy W. Li, Darrin Hodgetts, Koong H. Foo. Given the lack of general theory and concept for explaining intercultural psychology across countries in the Asia-Pacific region, I suggest utilizing the Mindsponge theory and cultural additivity concept as potential alternatives.
PELATIHAN PENYELENGGARAAN JENAZAH
Authors: Mega
Published: November 2020

Kuliah kerja lapang plus ( KKLP ) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Oleh karena sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu ( s1 ) harus mengikuti KKLP.
Jihad dan Terorisme Dalam Perspektif Ulama Klasik dan Ulama Kontemporer
Authors: Zakirah Zakirah , Arsyam Muhammad , Irfan Irfan , Syarief Yusnita
Published: November 2020

Sejarah Islam telah mencatat bahwa, jihad dan terorisme bukanlah suatu fenomena baru, akan tetapi masing-masing memiliki sejarah yang berbeda. Jihad muncul sejak Islam datang yang dibawa oleh Nabi saw, dan populer ketika Nabi saw, hijrah ke madinah. Sedangkan teroris muncul sejak terjadinya konstalasi politik di kalangan Syi’ah yang dipelopori Hasan bin Sabah dikenal kelompok sempalan sekte Assassin pecahan kelompok Syi’ah Islᾱmiyyah yang membolehkan pembunuhan terhadap lawan-lawan politiknya dari Bani Saljuk yang mereka klaim telah sesat pada abad ke-11 dan ke-13. Jihad dan terorisme adalah dua istilah yang akhir-akhir ini Menjadi fokus perhatian dunia internasional. Masyarakat dunia internasional berasumsi bahwa kedua istilah tersebut yang berwujud menjadi gerakan beberapa kelompok aktivis yang ada dalam Islam adalah dua sisi yang yang tidak dapat dipisahkan.
PELATIHAN PENYELENGGARAAN JENAZAH
Authors: A.m.yusuf
Published: November 2020

Kuliah kerja lapang plus ( KKLP ) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Oleh karena sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu ( s1 ) harus mengikuti KKLP.
PELATIHAN PENYELENGGARAAN JENAZAH
Authors: sherly
Published: November 2020

Kuliah kerja lapang plus ( KKLP ) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Oleh karena sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu ( s1 ) harus mengikuti KKLP.
Indonesia's Efforts to Achieve Globally Competitive Human Resources
Authors: pitaloka adelia intan diah ayu
Published: November 2020

Dalam persaingan bisnis di industry 4.0 ini maka persaingan di era global sangat ketat. Banyak perusahaan yang mengubah Sumber Daya Manusia sebagai strategi untuk menghadapi persaingan global agar terus dapat mengikuti perkembangan jaman dalam dunia bisnis dan mampu bersaing serta mempertahankan perusahaan mereka. Hal tersebut untuk meciptakan kultur kerja yang dapat mencerminkan visi dari perusahan tersebut.
Rekonstruksi Wacana Poligami Berbasis Nalar Fiqhi Kontemporer
Authors: Arsyam Muhammad , Altimory  , Halawati Halawati
Published: November 2020

Poligami (ta'addud al-zaujah) jauh sebelum Islam lahir telah menjadi tradisi dan diperaktekkan oleh masyarakat jahiliyah. Sistem poligami pada masa pra Islam tidak dibatasi dengan jumlah tertentu. Poligami yang terjadi pada masa pra Islam nampak tidak menghargai perempuan dan cenderung hanya untuk memuaskan keinginan kaum laki-laki saja. Tidak ada larangan bagi para suami untuk memiliki beberapa orang istri bahkan mencapairatusan. Islam lahir dalam keadaan poligami sudah mentradisi di kalangan bangsa-bangsa di permukaan bumi ini, tetapi tidak ada peraturan yang mengatur serta tidak ada batasannya. Islam sebagai agama Rammatan Lil ‘Alamin berupaya untuk memberikan perbaikan atas budaya dan tradis yang tidak baik.
Traffic Signal Control with Connected Vehicles
Authors: Goodall Noah J. , Smith Brian L. , Park B. Brian
Published: November 2020

The operation of traffic signals is currently limited by the data available from traditional point sensors. Point detectors, often in-ground inductive loop sensors, can provide only limited vehicle information at a fixed location. The most advanced adaptive control strategies are often not implemented in the field due to their operational complexity and high-resolution detection requirements. However, a new initiative known as connected vehicles would allow for the wireless transmission of vehicles’ positions, headings, and speeds to be used by the traffic controller. A new traffic control algorithm, the predictive microscopic simulation algorithm (PMSA), was developed in this research to utilize these new, more robust data. The decentralized, fully adaptive traffic control algorithm uses a rolling horizon strategy, where the phasing is chosen to optimize an objective function over a 15-second period in the future. The objective function uses either delay-only, or a combination of delay, stops, and decelerations. To measure the objective function, the algorithm uses a microscopic simulation driven by present vehicle positions, headings, and speeds. Unlike most adaptive control strategies, the algorithm is relatively simple, does not require point detectors or signal-to-signal communication, and is completely responsive to immediate vehicle demands. To ensure drivers’ privacy, the algorithm stores no memory of individual or aggregate vehicle locations. Results from simulation show that the algorithm maintains or improves performance compared to a state-of-practice coordinated-actuated timing plan optimized by Synchro at low- and mid-level volumes, but performance worsens during saturated and oversaturated conditions. Testing also showed improved performance during periods of unexpected high demand and the ability to automatically respond to year-to-year growth without retiming.
Arterial Performance Measures in a Connected Vehicle Environment
Authors: Goodall Noah J. , Smith Brian L. , Venkatanarayana Ramkumar
Published: November 2020

Wireless communication between vehicles and the transportation infrastructure will provide significantly more timely and comprehensive information about arterials and their performance. However, most measures-of-effectiveness were developed based on data available from traditional “point” sensors. The information made available in a connected vehicle environment requires new metrics that can fully utilize the data. This paper identifies several new arterial performance metrics made available in a connected vehicle environment, as well as several existing metrics that can be evaluated more accurately and frequently than before. The new metrics are person-delay, sudden deceleration, change in lateral acceleration, and aggregate regulation compliance. Person-delay measures a vehicle’s lost time multiplied by the number of passengers, and allows for more efficient movement of high-occupancy vehicles and sophisticated transit signal priority. Sudden deceleration and change in lateral acceleration measure activities such as unexpected braking and swerving, which may be leading indicators of unsafe conditions. Aggregate regulation compliance detects unsafe driving behavior that is difficult to collect in the field, such as speeding and illegal U-turns. Engineers can address problem areas through signal timing changes traffic calming, and other measures. The proposed metrics all require high-resolution detection, and are difficult or impossible to measure with existing point detection. For each new metric, its compatibility with connected vehicles is discussed, and required SAE J2735 DSRC Message Set Dictionary data elements are identified.
A review of the effects of valenced odors on face perception and evaluation
Authors: Syrjänen Elmeri , Fischer Håkan , Liuzza Marco Tullio , Lindholm Torun , Olofsson Jonas
Published: November 2020

How do valenced odors affect the perception and evaluation of facial expressions? We reviewed 25 studies published from 1995 to 2020 on cross-modal effects between olfaction and facial perception. The results indicate that odors may influence facial evaluations and classifications in several ways. Faces are rated as more arousing during simultaneous odor exposure, and the rated valence of faces is affected in the direction of the odor valence. For facial classification tasks, in general, valenced odors, whether pleasant or unpleasant, decrease facial emotion classification speed. The evidence for valence congruency effects was inconsistent. Few studies found that exposure to a valenced odor facilitates the processing of a similarly valenced facial expression. The results for facial evaluation were mirrored in classical conditioning studies. Faces conditioned with valenced odors were rated in the direction of the odor valence. However, the evidence was inconsistent in facial classification tasks in this literature. Although the research shows some clear patterns, other effects are mixed. Our future research recommendations include greater consideration of individual differences in sensation and cognition, individual differences (e.g., differences in odor sensitivity related to age, gender, or culture), establishing standardized experimental assessments and stimuli, larger study samples, and embracing open research practices.
The administration of the opioid buprenorphine decreases neural correlates of motivational error signals
Authors: Pfabigan Daniela M , Rütgen Markus , Kroll Sara Liane , Riečanský Igor , Lamm Claus
Published: November 2020

While opioid addiction has reached pandemic proportions, we still lack a good understanding of how the administration of opioids interacts with cognitive functions. Error processing – the ability to detect erroneous actions and correct one’s behaviour afterwards - is one such cognitive function that might be susceptible to opioidergic influences. Errors are hypothesised to induce aversive negative arousal, while opioids have been suggested to reduce aversive arousal induced by unpleasant and stressful stimuli. Thus, this study investigated whether the acute administration of an opioid would affect error processing.In a double-blind between-subject study, 42 male volunteers were recruited and received either 0.2 mg buprenorphine (a partial µ-opioid receptor agonist and κ-opioid receptor antagonist) or a placebo pill before they performed a stimulus-response task provoking errors. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded while participants performed the task.We observed no group differences in terms of reaction times, error rates, and affective state ratings during the task between buprenorphine and control participants. Additional measures of adaptive control, however, showed interfering effects of buprenorphine administration. On the neural level, decreased Pe (Error Positivity) amplitudes were found in buprenorphine compared to control participants following error commission. Further, frontal delta oscillations were decreased in the buprenorphine group after all responses. Our neural results jointly demonstrate a general reduction in error processing in those participants who received an opioid before task completion, thereby suggesting that opioids might have indeed the potential to dampen motivational error signals. Importantly, the effects of the opioid were evident in more elaborate error processing stages, thereby impacting on processes of conscious error appraisal and evidence accumulation.
Impact of Online Mental Health Screening Tools on Help-Seeking, Care Receipt, and Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Intent: Evidence from Internet Search Behavior in a Large U.S. Cohort
Authors: Jacobson Nicholas C. , Yom-Tov Elad , Lekkas Damien , Heinz Michael , Liu Lili , Barr Paul J.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Most people with psychiatric illnesses do not receive treatment for almost a decade after disorder onset. Online mental health screens reflect one mechanism designed to shorten this lag in help-seeking, yet there has been limited research on the effectiveness of screening tools in naturalistic settings. Material and methods: We examined a cohort of persons directed to a mental health screening tool via the Bing search engine (n=126,060). We evaluated the impact of tool content on later searches for mental health self-references, self-diagnosis, care seeking, psychoactive medications, suicidal ideation, and suicidal intent. Website characteristics were evaluated by pairs of independent raters to ascertain screen type and content. These included the presence/absence of a suggestive diagnosis, a message on interpretability, as well as referrals to digital treatments, in-person treatments, and crisis services. Results: Using machine learning models, the results suggested that screen content predicted later searches with mental health self-references (AUC =0·73), mental health self-diagnosis (AUC = 0·69), mental health care seeking (AUC = 0·61), psychoactive medications (AUC = 0·55), suicidal ideation (AUC = 0·58), and suicidal intent (AUC = 0·60). Cox-proportional hazards models suggested individuals utilizing tools with in-person care referral were significantly more likely to subsequently search for methods to actively end their life (HR = 1·727, p = 0·007). Discussion: Online screens may influence help-seeking behavior, suicidal ideation, and suicidal intent. Websites with referrals to in-person treatments could put persons at greater risk of active suicidal intent. Further evaluation using large-scale randomized controlled trials is needed.
Comparing the transfer effects of three nonpharmacological interventions in children with AD/HD: a single-case experimental design
Authors: Zhang Da-Wei , Johnstone Stuart J. , Li Hui , Li Xiangsheng , Sun Li
Published: November 2020

The current study used behavioral and electroencephalograph measures to compare the transferability of cognitive training (CT), neurofeedback training (NFT), and CT combined with NFT in children with AD/HD. Following a multiple-baseline single-case experimental design, twelve children were randomized to a training condition. Each child completed a baseline phase, followed by an intervention phase. The intervention phase consisted of 20 sessions of at-home training. Tau-U analysis and standardized visual analysis were adopted to detect effects. CT improved inhibitory function, and NFT showed improved alpha activity and working memory. The combined condition, who was a reduced 'dose' of CT and NFT, did not show any improvements. The three conditions did not alleviate AD/HD symptoms. While CT and NFT may have near transfer effects, considering the lack of improvement in symptoms, this study does not support CT and NFT on their own as a treatment for children with AD/HD.
Measuring Success from Below: The Social Legitimacy of the United Nations among Populations Exposed to its Peacekeeping Operations
Authors: Diman Amiad Haran
Published: November 2020

The success of peacekeeping forces is both a topic of heated debate and a central theme in the literature on international peacekeeping. Most existing answers to this question rely on one- dimensional macro-measures of effectiveness, such as battle fatalities. This paper proposes another perspective that is based on the point of view of local residents in countries that host United Nations peacekeepers. It argues that their support is an indicator of success, since they evaluate the institutional effectiveness of the peacekeepers they are exposed to. Using an aggregation of longitudinal data from the World Values Survey (N=25,196), and original data on the exposure to peacekeepers collected from the United Nations archives, we offer a unique, systematic and cross- national measurement of the local legitimacy of peacekeeping forces. Results from a multilevel, mixed-effects, linear model show significantly lower levels of confidence in the United Nations and higher levels of demand for the accountability of its forces in countries with an active peacekeeping operation. The level of confidence has a strong and negative correlation with the size of the mission, even when controlled for varied ideological explanations and for confidence extrapolation. The paper contributes to an ongoing debate on international peacekeeping and to research on the legitimacy of international organizations.
Blockchain and Citizenship: Uneasy Bedfellows
Authors: Gstrein Oskar Josef , Kochenov Dimitry Vladimirovich
Published: November 2020

Distributed Ledger Technology can be an effective tool for resource distribution. As individuals and organisations explore innovations which allow to redefine the rules of access, possession and sharing these developments also become important for the future of self-determination. Demonstrated through credit scoring and ‘social credit systems’, the identity of an individual is intertwined with resource access, possession and transferability. A key pre-requisite for participation is formal legal status, which translates to citizenship. However, many proponents of Distributed Ledger Technology focus predominantly on technological features and capabilities, which might enable the implementation of concepts such as decentralised governance, ‘self-sovereign identity’ management, and trust-less transactions based on ‘zero-knowledge proof’. Nevertheless, such narrow consideration overlooks existing legal and political realities. Considering the lessons learned from citizenship, it becomes questionable whether Blockchain as player in the area of identity management will ultimately increase human dignity, or further manifest traditional patterns of discrimination and inequality.
Autoregulated Combined Resistance Training for Plantar Heel Pain in Athletes: Protocol for a Feasibility Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Burton Ian
Published: November 2020

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders such as tendinopathy are having an increasing burden on society and health systems. Plantar heel pain (PHP) is considered a tendinopathy and it affects up to 10% of the population, having a high incidence in running athletes. Although resistance training has shown short-term effectiveness for treating PHP, more comprehensive exercise protocols and progression methods are needed due to poor long-term outcomes. Combining heavy slow resistance training with other types of exercise, such as plyometric exercise could lead to superior outcomes. It is recommended that PHP not be treated by one exercise type in isolation. However, studies often use only one type of exercise, with there being a need to investigate feasibility and effectiveness of comprehensive exercise programs in PHP. Resistance training programs in PHP are currently not achieving required intensity and dosage, leading to high recurrence rates. Therefore, better methods for progressing resistance training are required to improve outcomes. One potential method is autoregulation, which allows individuals to progress at their own rate, taking individual factors into account. Despite being found effective in increasing strength in healthy athletes, autoregulation methods have not been investigated in tendinopathy. Methods: A feasibility cohort study investigating a comprehensive exercise program for PHP could test feasibility and acceptability, prior to conducting a larger-scale study. A feasibility study would also help to determine if specific autoregulation progression methods for resistance training is feasible and acceptable for use with PHP patients. Patients expectations, and views on feasibility and acceptability of different types of exercise as well as autoregulation progression methods for PHP are unknown. Therefore, the addition of qualitative interviews in a mixed methods format would help ascertain acceptability of these methods and exercise interventions for the first time and help explain the intervention outcomes, allowing for design of a larger-scale study to determine effectiveness.
The Effectiveness of Combined Shockwave Therapy and Exercise for Plantar Heel Pain: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Burton Ian
Published: November 2020

Review Objective: To synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of interventions that have used a combination of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and any type of exercise to treat plantar heel pain compared to any other treatment intervention. Introduction: Recent evidence suggests combining shockwave therapy and exercise may be more effective than other treatments for plantar heel pain. However, no systematic reviews have been conducted on the topic and optimal treatment protocols and clinical recommendations are lacking.Inclusion criteria: Randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of combined shockwave therapy and exercise for plantar heel pain in adults will be included. Methods: The authors will search for a wide range of sources to find both published and unpublished studies via EBSCOhost, including, but not limited to, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED). Studies published in a language other than English will only be considered if a translation is available. The JBI systematic review methodology will be followed when conducting the review. Data synthesis will be conducted using meta-analysis or narrative synthesis, where appropriate. Systematic review registration number: CRD42020213286
ASPEK PERPAJAKAN BELANJA BARANG DAN/ATAU JASA OLEH INSTANSI
Authors: Aji Irawan Purwo
Published: November 2020

Buku ini memberikan penjelasan mengenai pemotongan dan/atau pemungutan pajak terkait belanja pemerintah sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Contoh-contoh kasus atau pertanyaan terkait dengan aspek perpajakan dalam belanja barang dan/atau jasa yang dilakukan oleh Instansi Pemerintah juga disampaikan dalam buku ini dengan bahasa yang sederhana. Penulis berharap buku ini dapat menjadi panduan bagi Instansi Pemerintah dalam melaksanakan pemenuhan kewajiban perpajakan sebagai pemotong dan pemungut pajak.
Logopedska praksa s poremećajima glasa u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Jozipović Marija , Ramljak Petra , Renić Iva
Published: November 2020

Poremećaji glasa dio su logopedske djelatnosti koja uključuje prevenciju, dijagnostiku i terapiju za poboljšanje glasovne proizvodnje. Cilj ovog istraživanja je dobivanje boljeg uvida u logopedski rad u kontekstu poremećaja glasa u Republici Hrvatskoj, što pridonosi unapređenju obrazovanja i logopedske djelatnosti u navedenom području. Istraživanje je bilo namijenjeno radno aktivnim logopedima iz Republike Hrvatske, a provedeno je elektroničkom anketom pod nazivom „Praksa poremećaja glasa u Hrvatskoj“. Anketa je sadržavala ukupno 22 ispitne čestice, koje su se odnosile na sljedeća područja: a) educiranost i znanja sudionika o poremećajima glasa, b) iskustvo u radu s populacijom s poremećajem glasa i c) mišljenja o mogućim rješenjima za unapređenje prakse poremećaja glasa u Republici Hrvatskoj. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 108 logopeda iz šesnaest županija. Problematika poremećaja glasa u općoj populaciji još nije dovoljno osviještena, a postoji potreba za njenim prepoznavanjem i tretiranjem. Istraživanje je pokazalo da logopedi nakon studija osjećaju nedostatak kompetencija za pružanje logopedskih usluga osobama s poremećajima glasa. Dodatno zabrinjava činjenica da se osjećaj kompetencije ne povećava radnim iskustvom, već uglavnom ostaje isti. Zaključno, na osnovi rezultata ovog istraživanja, postoji potreba za unapređenjem obrazovanja i rada u području poremećaja glasa s više kolegija u planu i programu studija, više sati prakse, čitanja stručnih članaka, pohađanja edukacija i boljeg umrežavanja logopeda.
Environmental Sound and Urban Noise: Ben Rubin and Jer Thorp’s Herald/Harbinger
Authors: Bennett Susan
Published: November 2020

“Environmental Sound and Urban Noise” looks at the impact of sound in the experience of Ben Rubin and Jer Thorp’s Herald/Harbinger. This work by two New York-based artists is installed in the centre of the Calgary city downtown to invoke, in Thorp’s words, “a long-distance conversation between a glacier and a city.” Real-time data is collected from geophones embedded into the Bow Glacier, some 220 km west of Calgary. The data is then translated into aural form (by way of an algorithm devised by Rubin and Thorp) and relayed via satellite, with a mere 5-minute delay, to a sixteen-channel speaker installation located on the forecourt of the city’s tallest building, Brookfield Place. The installation at once provides a place of repose and an injunction to listen. The glacier’s soundtrack heralds the past and the present, the Pleistocene and the Anthropocene eras, Indigenous and settler populations, natural and built environments. At the same time, the installation is a harbinger, asking its audiences to listen to where our climate crisis seems destined to go. The “conversation” hailed by Herald/Harbinger is all the more poignant and most certainly urgent in a city whose economic prosperity remains overdetermined by the fossil fuel industry.