bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regularization iterative method of bilevel form for equilibrium problems in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Hieu Dang Van , Muu Le Dung , Quy Pham Kim
Published: March 2022

We study the regularization method for a monotone equilibrium problem and propose a new iterative method for solving the problem with a Lipschitz‐type condition in a Hilbert space. The method is designed by the proximal mapping incorporated with regularization terms. The method uses variable stepsizes which are taken by simple rules without a linesearch procedure. The strong convergence of iterative sequences generated by the method is established under some suitable conditions imposed on control parameters. It turns out that the obtained asymptotic solution by the method is the solution of an equilibrium problem whose constraint is the solution set of the considered equilibrium problem. The computational effectiveness of the method is illustrated by several numerical examples.
Elucidating structure and dynamics of crystalline α‐zirconium phosphates intercalated with water and methanol by multinuclear solid‐state MAS NMR: A comprehensive NMR approach
Authors: Bakhmutov Vladimir I. , Contreras‐Ramirez Aida , Drake Hannah , Zhou Hong‐Cai
Published: March 2022

Solid‐state NMR experiments on 2H, 31P, 13C, and 1H nuclei, including 31P T1, 1H T1, and 1H T1ρ measurements, as well as on the kinetics of proton‐phosphorus cross‐polarization have been performed to characterize the crystalline and amorphous α‐zirconium phosphates, which were intercalated with D2O and/or CD3OD. The 13C{1H} CP MAS NMR experiment performed for compound 1‐CD3OD (Zr (HPO4)2.0.2CD3OD) with carbon cross‐polarization via protons of phosphate groups has provided a prove that the methanol was intercalated into the interlayer spaces of this compound. The variable‐temperature 2H solid‐echo MAS NMR spectra of intercalated compounds demonstrated that the methanol molecules, in contrast to the mobile water, were immobile, keeping, however, free CD3 rotations around the C3‐axis. It has been demonstrated that the intercalated species, D2O and CD3OD, do not affect the high‐frequency motions of the phosphate groups. By utilizing local structural models that satisfy the constraints of the experimental data, it has been suggested that the immobile methanol molecules are located in the cavity between two neighboring layers of the zirconium phosphates. Thus, the present work illustrates the reliable criteria in a comprehensive NMR approach to structural and dynamic studies of such systems.
Gründungsgeschehen: Strukturanalyse
Authors: Haubold Stephan , Calhanoglu Buket
Published: March 2022

Was gilt als Start‐up in der chemischen Industrie? Eine einheitliche Definition und Erhebungsmethode sollen dabei helfen, solche Unternehmen zu erkennen.
Lösungsmittel: Weder Dystopie noch Nirwana
Authors: Fleck Nico
Published: March 2022

Die Bemühungen um Nachhaltigkeit beeinflussen die chemische Industrie, in der organische Lösungsmittel einen Großteil der Abfälle ausmachen. Mit speziellen Tensiden lässt sich Wasser als Reaktionsmedium nutzen. Dies macht die organische Synthese weniger umweltschädlich.
Hochschuldidaktik: Oberflächenverstärkte Effekte auf Gold‐ und Silberelektroden
Authors: Habekost Achim
Published: March 2022

Mit einer einfachen elektrochemischen Modifikation lässt sich der oberflächenverstärkte Ramaneffekt (Sers) im Hochschulpraktikum nutzen, um geringe Konzentrationen auf Elektroden zu messen. Versuche aus einem Experimentalkurs „Physikalische Chemie” für Bachelorstudierende.
Kommunikation: Fremdsprache für die Führungsposition
Authors: Strunk Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Verhalten sich Professorinnen und Gruppenleiterinnen in den Naturwissenschaften anders gegenüber Mitarbeiter:innen als ihre männlichen Kollegen? Oder werden sie nur anders beurteilt? Eine Spurensuche.
Ein Stammbaum aller Arten
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: March 2022

Mehr als zwei Millionen biologische Arten sind offiziell identifiziert und mit Namen ausgestattet. Wir wissen, dass sie miteinander verwandt sind, aber einen Stammbaum zu erstellen, ist schwierig. Eine webbasierte Lösung bringt nun alle in einem Format unter, das von Google Earth inspiriert ist.
"Wir wollten etwas lernen" – Interview mit Ulrich Pöschl
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: March 2022

Der Chemiker Ulrich Pöschl hat mit Kollegen am Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemie in Mainz eine Lüftungsanlage aus Baumarktteilen entwickelt. Das Ziel: Klassenräume in der Coronapandemie sicherer machen.
Spectral partitioning of large and sparse 3‐tensors using low‐rank tensor approximation
Authors: Eldén Lars , Dehghan Maryam
Published: March 2022

The problem of partitioning a large and sparse tensor is considered, where the tensor consists of a sequence of adjacency matrices. Theory is developed that is a generalization of spectral graph partitioning. A best rank‐ approximation is computed for , and the partitioning is computed from the orthogonal matrices and the core tensor of the approximation. It is shown that if the tensor has a certain reducibility structure, then the solution of the best approximation problem exhibits the reducibility structure of the tensor. Further, if the tensor is close to being reducible, then still the solution of the exhibits the structure of the tensor. Numerical examples with synthetic data corroborate the theoretical results. Experiments with tensors from applications show that the method can be used to extract relevant information from large, sparse, and noisy data.
Automated detection of photovoltaic cleaning events: A performance comparison of techniques as applied to a broad set of labeled photovoltaic data sets
Authors: Muller Matthew , Perry Kirsten , Micheli Leonardo , Almonacid Florencia , Fernández Eduardo F.
Published: March 2022

Extracting accurate soiling loss information from photovoltaic (PV) production data first requires segmenting the time series data per natural or manually occurring cleaning events. Maintenance logs are often incomplete, rain data are often unavailable, and the debate on rain thresholds for cleaning and dew or wind cleanings is still ongoing. The present work aims to overtake these issues by improving automated methods to detect these cleaning events and therefore improve extraction of soiling loss information. Time series power production data from 22 PV inverters were labeled for natural or manually occurring cleaning events. The data sets were carefully selected to include varying degrees of soiling, cleaning events, and noise. Several algorithms, including filtering logic and change point detection, were examined for efficacy at detecting the labeled cleanings. All the methods introduced except for changepoint detection showed significant improvement at detecting the labeled cleaning events per the mean F1 score. Furthermore, the highest performing cleaning detection algorithm achieved an absolute increase in the mean F1 score of 43% over the default version of the RdTools stochastic rate and recovery (SRR) algorithm. The highest performing algorithm included irradiance filtering and a cleaning detection threshold, adjusted based on the 40‐day centered rolling median of the absolute day‐to‐day deviations in the daily performance index (PI). These improvements are promising as cleaning detection is an essential step in the automated analysis of PV soiling.
Gammablitz aus der kosmischen Nachbarschaft
Authors: Taylor Andrew M. , Zhu Sylvia J. , Konno Ruslan , Ohm Stefan
Published: March 2022

Der Ursprung der hochenergetischen kosmischen Strahlung bleibt ein Rätsel der modernen Hochenergie‐Astrophysik. Auch wenn die Theorie der Teilchenbeschleunigung in relativistischen Schocks von Gammastrahlenblitzen es nicht verbietet, so war die bisherige theoretische Erwartung, dass diese Objekte Teilchen nur auf begrenzte Energien beschleunigen sollten. Die kürzlich mit dem Teleskopsystem H.E.S.S. gemachte Entdeckung von Teraelektronenvolt‐Gammastrahlung von einem Gammastrahlenblitz in der kosmischen Nachbarschaft stellt diese Überzeugung in Frage. Die theoretische Modellierung der mit H.E.S.S. gemessenen Gammastrahlung legt nahe, dass Gammablitze sehr viel effizientere Teilchenbeschleuniger sein könnten als gedacht. Unter Umständen sind Gammastrahlenausbrüche sogar die bislang vergeblich gesuchten Quellen der höchstenergetischen kosmischen Strahlung. Sollte sich diese Hypothese bestärken, würde das bedeuten, dass die etablierten Theorien der Teilchenbeschleunigung in relativistischen Schocks eine gründliche Überarbeitung benötigen.
Quantenrechnen mit Licht
Authors: Saggio Valeria , Walther Philip
Published: March 2022

Photonen gehören zu den vielversprechenden Quantensystemen, die einen universellen Quantencomputer ermöglichen. Ihre besonderen Eigenschaften, wie Mobilität und der bosonische Charakter, erlauben leistungsstarke Quantenprozessoren für spezielle Anwendungen. Als prominentes Beispiel gilt das Bosonensampeln, mit dem die Quantenüberlegenheit eines Quantencomputers demonstriert wurde. Größte Herausforderungen für die Entwicklung universell anwendbarer photonischer Quantencomputer sind eine effiziente Erzeugung von Einzelphotonen sowie ein stabiles, verlustarmes Prozessieren von Multiphotonen‐Zuständen. Zur Skalierbarkeit photonischer Quantencomputer trägt der rasante Fortschritt bei integrierten optischen Bauteilen bei. Das ermöglicht eine komplette Verarbeitung von Quanteninformation auf einem nanophotonischen Prozessor. Es gibt bereits vielseitige Demonstrationen von möglichen Anwendungen solcher Prozessoren in optischen Quantencomputern. Sie reichen vom maschinellen Lernen bis zur sicheren Datenverarbeitung in Computernetzwerken.
Mit Echo Meter auf Fledermauspirsch
Authors: Krebs Ann‐Katrin , Kasper Lutz , Kuhn Jochen , Wilhelm Thomas
Published: March 2022

Ultraschalllaute von Fledermäusen lassen sich mit Fledermausdetektoren in für uns hörbare Frequenzen „übersetzen“. Solche Audioaufzeichnungen sind mit der vorgestellten App und einem Plug‐in‐Modul für Smartphones möglich, inklusive spektrografischer Auswertung.
Diagnosis, management, and outcomes of pediatric tracheostomy‐associated infections: A scoping review
Authors: Morrison John M. , Hassan Amir , Kysh Lynn , Dudas Robert A. , Russell Christopher J.
Published: March 2022

Background

Children with tracheostomy are frequently admitted to the hospital for tracheostomy‐associated respiratory infections (TRAINs). However, there remains a paucity of evidence to direct the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TRAINs. An important first step to addressing this knowledge gap is to synthesize existing data regarding TRAINs to inform current practice and facilitate innovation.

Data Sources

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science from inception to October 2020. Original research articles and published abstracts including children and young adults 0–21 years of age with tracheostomy were included. Included studies assessed the clinical definitions of and risk factors for TRAINs, microbiologic epidemiology and colonization of tracheostomies, and treatment and outcomes of TRAINs.

Data Synthesis

Out of 5755 studies identified in the search, 78 full‐text studies were included in the final review. A substantial number of studies focused on the detection of specific pathogens in respiratory cultures including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several different definitions of TRAIN including clinical, microbiologic, and laboratory testing results were utilized; however, no uniform set of criteria were identified. The few studies focused on treatment and prevention of TRAIN emphasized the role of empiric antimicrobial therapy and the use of inhaled antibiotics.

Conclusions

Despite a growing number of research articles studying TRAINs, there is a paucity of prospective interventional trials to guide the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory disease in this vulnerable population. Future research should include studies of interventions designed to improve short‐ and long‐term respiratory‐related outcomes of children with tracheostomy.
Effectiveness of different eradication treatment protocols for new‐onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sunman Birce , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Hazirolan Gülsen , Şener Burçin , Ozsezen Beste , Tural Dilber A. , Buyuksahin Halime N. , Guzelkas Ismail , Yalcin Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Özçelik Uğur , Kiper Nural
Published: March 2022

Objectives

While eradicating new‐onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis is an important issue, there is no clear evidence about the best treatment approach. This retrospective observational cohort study aims to compare the effectiveness of intravenous therapy versus inhalation with/without oral therapy in the eradication of new‐onset P. aeruginosa, determine the factors affecting the treatment success and assess lung function at baseline and posttreatment.

Methods

Of 399 children, 110 (140 episodes) with either the first P. aeruginosa isolation or a new isolation after at least 1 year free of infection were included. Different eradication regimens (intravenous therapy or inhaled tobramycin or inhaled tobramycin plus oral ciprofloxacin) were compared. Eradication success was accepted as remaining free of infection with a negative culture for 12 months. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of children, effectiveness of different eradication strategies, time to a new P. aeruginosa isolation, and the relationship between lung function and the type of eradication regimen were determined.

Results

Of 140 episodes, intravenous therapy was administered in 53 and inhalation therapy (in combination with or without oral ciprofloxacin) in 87. Total success rate of eradication was 60.7%. Eradication was achieved in 56.6% of children with intravenous therapy, 59.7% with inhaled tobramycin therapy, and 72% with inhaled tobramycin plus oral ciprofloxacin therapy. Success rates of different eradication regimens did not differ significantly (p = 0.419). Lung function by the end of the first year was worse in the intravenous group compared to the inhalation group (p = 0.017 for forced expiratory volume in 1 s, p = 0.015 for forced vital capacity).

Conclusion

No advantage of intravenous therapy was demonstrated compared to inhalation therapy in terms of eradication success.
Anti‐inflammatory effect of Rhein on ulcerative colitis via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Dong Lingling , Du Hongling , Zhang Minyue , Xu Haiting , Pu Xiulan , Chen Qiyan , Luo Ruifeng , Hu Yichen , Wang Yitao , Tu He , Zhang Jinming , Gao Fei
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of Rhein on ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice and its possible mechanism. LPS‐induced UC cell model and DSS‐induced UC mouse model were used to analyze the antiinflammatory effect of Rhein on UC in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to identify potential signaling pathways involved in Rhein treating UC, and the results were further confirmed through western blotting assay. 16sRNA sequencing was performed to study the regulatory effect of Rhein on gut microbiota in UC mice. As indicated by the results, Rhein could significantly inhibit the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β) in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate DSS‐induced UC‐associated symptoms in mice (e.g., colon shortening, weight loss, diarrhea and hematochezia). The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was predicted as the potential interacting protein of Rhein in the treatment of UC through network pharmacology analysis. It was found through western blotting assay that the Rhein treatment could significantly inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by decreasing the phosphorylated protein levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and p70S6K1. By 16sRNA gene sequencing analysis, Rhein administration could partially reverse the gut dysbacteriosis of mice induced by DSS and decrease pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae and Turicibacter). It was positively correlated with the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines above, whereas the increase in probiotics (e.g., Unspecified‐S24‐7 and Rikenellaceae) was negatively correlated with the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, Rhine had anti‐UC efficacy, which was demonstrated by mitigating the UC symptoms and reducing intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and modulating gut microbiota.
Dihydrogen phosphate anion boosts the detection of sugars in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: A combined experimental and computational investigation
Authors: Ruf Alexander , Kanawati Basem , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe
Published: March 2022

Rationale

Sugars are key molecules of life but challenging to detect via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Unfortunately, sugars are challenging analytes for mass spectrometric methods due to their high gas‐phase deprotonation energies and low gas‐phase proton affinities which make them difficult to ionize in high abundance for MS detection.

Methods

Hydrogen‐bond interactions in H2PO4−–saccharide anionic systems were studied both experimentally (via electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, ESI‐FT‐ICR‐MS) and computationally by several sophisticated density‐functional theoretical methods (DFT and DFT‐D3).

Results

The H2PO4− dopant boosts the detection of sugars up to 51‐times in the case of sucrose and up to 263‐times for glucose (at 0.1 ppm concentration level). H2PO4− binds toward sugar molecules with noticeably more hydrogen bonds than the established dopant chloride Cl− does, with increasing binding energies in the order: Monosaccharides < Trisaccharides < Disaccharides. Analysis of a complex oak plant sample revealed that NH4H2PO4 specifically labeled a diverse set of sugar‐type plant metabolites in the form of [M + H2PO4]− complexes.

Conclusions

We reveal the mechanism of interaction of H2PO4− with different sugars and glycosylated organic compounds, which significantly enhances their ionization in mass spectrometry. A computational and experimental investigation is presented. A strong correlation between the MS signal intensities of detected [M + H2PO4]− anions of different saccharides and their calculated dissociation enthalpies was revealed. Thus, the variation in MS signal intensities can be very well described to a large extent by the variation in calculated saccharide affinities toward the H2PO4− dopant anion, showing that DFT‐D3 can very well describe experimental FT‐ICR‐MS observations.
Lesbian and queer non‐birthing mothers in France, Switzerland, and Québec: Differentiated access to reproductive rights
Authors: Chbat Marianne , Côté Isabel
Published: March 2022

The last few decades have seen legal, social, and scientific discourses on lesbian‐parent families change dramatically. Although they had been subject to complete exclusion, these families are increasingly being included in several countries. However, this inclusion varies depending on the national context, which is particularly significant in terms of legal recognition. This article reports on the results of research that looked at the experiences of motherhood in lesbian‐parent families, specifically the experiences of lesbian/queer and/or trans non‐birthing parents in three different national contexts, namely, Québec, France, and Switzerland. As mothers in Switzerland and France do not necessarily benefit from legal recognition of their parental status from the birth of their child (ren), this article will highlight the different strategies they put in place to articulate their motherhood. It will present the ways in which certain legal and social contexts reinforce biological motherhood to the detriment of the mother who has not given birth. In some cases, particularly during a separation of the couple, the mother who has not benefited from legal recognition of her parental status is restricted in her ability to claim her maternity because of a legislative framework that prioritizes the biological mother. This comparative study allows us to better understand how lesbian non‐birthing mothers living in different legal and social contexts think about and articulate their maternity as well as the possibilities they have (or have not) to create their family and develop their maternal identity.
Plasma‐Catalytic Reactions for Soot Oxidation on VOx/M (M=KIT‐6, SBA‐15 and SiO2) Catalysts: Influence of Pore Structure
Authors: Wu Hanpeng , Zhu Xinbo , Wu Xiqiang , Tu Xin , Chen Geng , Yang Guohua
Published: March 2022

In this work, the effect of pore structure for VOx/M (M=KIT‐6, SBA‐15 and SiO2) catalysts on plasma‐catalytic soot oxidation was investigated. The combination of VOx/KIT‐6 and plasma shows the highest soot oxidation rate, followed by VOx/SBA‐15‐packed and VOx/SiO2‐packed plasma reactor. The soot oxidation rate of 97.4 % and the energy efficiency of 0.95 g kWh−1 can be achieved in plasma‐catalytic soot oxidation over VOx/KIT‐6 at 30th min and 20 W. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption‐desorption, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results illustrated that VOx/KIT‐6 and VOx/SBA‐15 had large specific surface areas and good dispersion of vanadium species. The H2‐TPR and XPS results confirmed that VOx/KIT‐6 had stronger reducibility and higher relative content of Oads/(Oads+Olatt) than those of VOx/SBA‐15 and VOx/SiO2. The good performance of soot oxidation in the plasma‐catalytic systems over VOx/KIT‐6 could be attributed to 1) the well‐developed 3D mesoporous structure, which facilitated the transportation of radicals and active species, and 2) improved redox properties of VOx/KIT‐6, since more active sites and surface adsorbed oxygen species on the catalyst surfaces could contribute to soot oxidation.
The Antibiotic and Antiprotozoal Agent Dibromopropamidine Dihydrochloride is a New EGFR Inhibitor and Potential Anticancer Drug for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ke Kunbin , Gu Peng , Chen Yin , Li Hongjian , Shen Zhengchao , Lin Marie Chia‐mi , Zhang Rongping , Gao Zhenhua , Shi Xinan
Published: March 2022

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a promising therapeutic target in bladder cancer (BC). Thus, the development of novel EGFR inhibitor is urgently needed. We computationally screened 3,167 worldwide approved small molecule drugs for potential wild‐type EGFR inhibitors. The antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, with the IC50 similar to that reported for the FDA approved EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib and higher than afatinib. We demonstrated that dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride inhibited the wild type EGFR kinase activity while had no effect on HER‐2 kinase activity. Furthermore, dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride treatment significantly promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream proteins AKT and ERK in a dose‐dependent manner. Structural analysis of the predicted binding conformation suggested that dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride binds to EGFR at ATP binding site via the formation of two hydrogen bonds with GLY796 and ASP855. Finally, dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. These results suggest for the first time that dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride is an EGFR inhibitor, and a promising anticancer candidate drug for the treatment of BC.
Ambient Humidity‐Induced Phase Separation for Fiber Morphology Engineering toward Piezoelectric Self‐Powered Sensing
Authors: Lee Sooun , Kim Dabin , Lee Sangryun , Kim Yong‐Il , Kum Sihyeon , Kim Sang‐Woo , Kim Yunseok , Ryu Seunghwa , Kim Miso
Published: March 2022

Electrospun polymeric piezoelectric fibers have a considerable potential for shape‐adaptive mechanical energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing in biomedical, wearable, and industrial applications. However, their unsatisfactory piezoelectric performance remains an issue to be overcome. While strategies for increasing the crystallinity of electroactive β phases have thus far been the major focus in realizing enhanced piezoelectric performance, tailoring the fiber morphology can also be a promising alternative. Herein, a design strategy that combines the nonsolvent‐induced phase separation of a polymer/solvent/water ternary system and electrospinning for fabricating piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE) fibers with surface porosity under ambient humidity is presented. Notably, electrospun P(VDF‐TrFE) fibers with higher surface porosity outperform their smooth‐surfaced counterparts with a higher β phase content in terms of output voltage and power generation. Theoretical and numerical studies also underpin the contribution of the structural porosity to the harvesting performance, which is attributable to local stress concentration and reduced dielectric constant due to the air in the pores. This porous fiber design can broaden the application prospects of shape‐adaptive energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing based on piezoelectric polymer fibers with enhanced voltage and power performance, as successfully demonstrated in this work by developing a communication system based on self‐powered motion sensing.
A community of care: Student conduct during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hunter Kendra L. , LaRoche Catherine H. , Morgan Chad W.
Published: March 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, universities adjusted policy and protocols to manage the environment and mitigate the risk of virus transmission among the campus community. In the early semesters of the pandemic, these changes restricted student behavior that would have otherwise been encouraged, such as attending gatherings, and often resulted in conduct violations that had penalties, including removal from campus. This article will explore how one university implemented a Community of Care ethos to promote the health, safety, and wellbeing of the campus community and will identify the challenges and lessons learned during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The COVID‐19 pandemic and students’ mental health
Authors: Soria Krista M. , Horgos Bonnie , Roberts Brayden J.
Published: March 2022

In this article, authors outline the prevalence of mental health disorders among students during the pandemic, highlight common strategies embedded in campuses’ responses, and provide recommendations for campuses to support students’ mental health.
Hiring student services professionals virtually
Authors: Brazelton Grady Blue , Becker Brianna K.
Published: March 2022

This article examines the potential effectiveness, benefits, and drawbacks of fully virtual interviewing, including the final interview process, for both candidates and search committees in student affairs and services. Interviews were held with those involved with searches during the pandemic to consider if a fully virtual interview process may persist post‐pandemic.
“Being Mean” and “Spazzing Out:” Social Calibration and Gender in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Training
Authors: Burke Brigid E. K.
Published: March 2022

This article draws on ethnographic data from a Brazilian Jiu Jitsu gym to describe “social calibration” as ongoing interstitial work through which actors assess expectations of intensity and adjust their behaviors and dispositions accordingly. It explores two intensity breaches at the gym: “spazzing out” and not “being mean” enough. Using a microsociological lens, it analyses gym members' understandings of, and reactions to, these breaches. This study provides theoretical insight into micro‐interactional processes of social calibration used to negotiate and align intensity levels with prevailing norms, and shows how through these processes practitioners transgress or reinforce gendered expectations. A video abstract is available at:
https://bit.ly/Burke2022.
Strengths and limitations of diagnostic tools for endometriosis and relevance in diagnostic test accuracy research
Authors: Pascoal E. , Wessels J. M. , Aas‐Eng M. K. , Abrao M. S. , Condous G. , Jurkovic D. , Espada M. , Exacoustos C. , Ferrero S. , Guerriero S. , Hudelist G. , Malzoni M. , Reid S. , Tang S. , Tomassetti C. , Singh S. S. , Van den Bosch T. , Leonardi M.
Published: March 2022

Endometriosis is a chronic systemic disease that can cause pain, infertility and reduced quality of life. Diagnosing endometriosis remains challenging, which yields diagnostic delays for patients. Research on diagnostic test accuracy in endometriosis can be difficult due to verification bias, as not all patients with endometriosis undergo definitive diagnostic testing. The purpose of this State‐of‐the‐Art Review is to provide a comprehensive update on the strengths and limitations of the diagnostic modalities used in endometriosis and discuss the relevance of diagnostic test accuracy research pertaining to each. We performed a comprehensive literature review of the following methods: clinical assessment including history and physical examination, biomarkers, diagnostic imaging, surgical diagnosis and histopathology. Our review suggests that, although non‐invasive diagnostic methods, such as clinical assessment, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, do not yet qualify formally as replacement tests for surgery in diagnosing all subtypes of endometriosis, they are likely to be appropriate for advanced stages of endometriosis. We also demonstrate in our review that all methods have strengths and limitations, leading to our conclusion that there should not be a single gold‐standard diagnostic method for endometriosis, but rather, multiple accepted diagnostic methods appropriate for different circumstances. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Use of ‘Aminogam Gel’ to fast the wound healing in dogs after the surgical curettage of injured penis
Authors: Cicirelli Vincenzo , Accogli Gianluca , Caira Michele , Lacalandra Giovani M , Aiudi Giulio
Published: March 2022

Background

Aminogam gel is used in human patients to accelerate the post‐surgical wound healing process of soft oral tissues (e.g. after teeth extraction or oral laser surgery). For this reason and because of the histological affinity between oral and genital mucosa, Aminogam Gel was applied on the dog's penile mucosa to evaluate wound healing after traumatic lesion.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare conventional therapy (using only oral medications) to topic application of ‘Aminogam Gel’ in order to determine which is better to accelerate the healing process of canine penis injuries.

Methods

For this study, 12 male dogs with an injured penis and traumatic paraphimosis were selected. All patients had traumatic penis injuries due to unsuccessful mating attempts and consequent trauma (continuous licking). The dogs underwent surgical curettage of necrotic areas. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: a control group treated with routine therapy and a group treated with Aminogam Gel as an adjuvant for the scarring process. We assessed wound status and tracked healing using the Bates‐Jensen Wound Assessment Tool.

Results

Dogs treated with Aminogam Gel therapy healed faster than dogs treated with traditional therapy alone.

Discussion

Aminogam Gel is a valid auxiliary drug to accelerate wound healing after penis surgery. This is especially important for breeding dogs, for whom rapid and complete healing of the penis is important for returning to normal reproductive activities.
Small Order Asymptotics of the Dirichlet Eigenvalue Problem for the Fractional Laplacian
Authors: Feulefack Pierre Aime , Jarohs Sven , Weth Tobias
Published: March 2022

We study the asymptotics of Dirichlet eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the fractional Laplacian$$(-\Delta )^s$$(-Δ)sin bounded open Lipschitz sets in the small order limit$$s \rightarrow 0^+$$s→0+. While it is easy to see that all eigenvalues converge to 1 as$$s \rightarrow 0^+$$s→0+, we show that the first order correction in these asymptotics is given by the eigenvalues of the logarithmic Laplacian operator, i.e., the singular integral operator with Fourier symbol$$2\log |\xi |$$2log|ξ|. By this we generalize a result of Chen and the third author which was restricted to the principal eigenvalue. Moreover, we show that$$L^2$$L2-normalized Dirichlet eigenfunctions of$$(-\Delta )^s$$(-Δ)scorresponding to thek-th eigenvalue are uniformly bounded and converge to the set of$$L^2$$L2-normalized eigenfunctions of the logarithmic Laplacian. In order to derive these spectral asymptotics, we establish new uniform regularity and boundary decay estimates for Dirichlet eigenfunctions for the fractional Laplacian. As a byproduct, we also obtain corresponding regularity properties of eigenfunctions of the logarithmic Laplacian.
Optimal Control of Semilinear Parabolic Equations with Non-smooth Pointwise-Integral Control Constraints in Time-Space
Authors: Casas Eduardo , Kunisch Karl
Published: March 2022

This work concentrates on a class of optimal control problems for semilinear parabolic equations subject to control constraint of the form $$\Vert u(t)\Vert _{L^1(\varOmega )} \le \gamma $$

‖
u

(
t
)

‖

L
1

(
Ω
)

≤
γ

for $$t \in (0,T)$$

t
∈
(
0
,
T
)

. This limits the total control that can be applied to the system at any instant of time. The $$L^1$$

L
1

-norm of the constraint leads to sparsity of the control in space, for the time instants when the constraint is active. Due to the non-smoothness of the constraint, the analysis of the control problem requires new techniques. Existence of a solution, first and second order optimality conditions, and regularity of the optimal control are proved. Further, stability of the optimal controls with respect to $$\gamma $$
γ
is investigated on the basis of different second order conditions.
Yttrium-90 radioembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: predictive modeling strategies to anticipate tumor response and improve patient selection
Authors: Lüdemann Willie , Kahn Johannes , Pustelnik Daniel , Hardt Juliane , Böning Georg , Jonczyk Martin , Amthauer Holger , Gebauer Bernhard , Hamm Bernd , Wieners Gero
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study aims to better characterize potential responders of Y-90-radioembolization at baseline through analysis of clinical variables and contrast enhanced (CE) MRI tumor volumetry in order to adjust therapeutic regimens early on and to improve treatment outcomes.

Methods

Fifty-eight HCC patients who underwent Y-90-radioembolization at our center between 10/2008 and 02/2017 were retrospectively included. Pre- and post-treatment target lesion volumes were measured as total tumor volume (TTV) and enhancing tumor volume (ETV). Survival analysis was performed with Cox regression models to evaluate 65% ETV reduction as surrogate endpoint for treatment efficacy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the combination of baseline clinical variables and tumor volumetry as predictors of ≥ 65% ETV reduction.

Results

Mean patients’ age was 66 (SD 8.7) years, and 12 were female (21%). Sixty-seven percent of patients suffered from liver cirrhosis. Median survival was 11 months. A threshold of ≥ 65% in ETV reduction allowed for a significant (p = 0.04) separation of the survival curves with a median survival of 11 months in non-responders and 17 months in responders. Administered activity per tumor volume did predict neither survival nor ETV reduction. A baseline ETV/TTV ratio greater than 50% was the most important predictor of arterial devascularization (odds ratio 6.3) in a statistically significant (p = 0.001) multivariable logistic regression model. The effect size was strong with a Cohen’s f of 0.89.

Conclusion

We present a novel approach to identify promising candidates for Y-90 radioembolization at pre-treatment baseline MRI using tumor volumetry and clinical baseline variables.

Key Points

• A decrease of 65% enhancing tumor volume (ETV) on follow-up imaging 2–3 months after Y-90 radioembolization of HCC enables the early prediction of significantly improved median overall survival (11 months vs. 17 months, p = 0.04).

• Said decrease in vascularization is predictable at baseline: an ETV greater than 50% is the most important variable in a multivariable logistic regression model that predicts responders at a high level of significance (p = 0.001) with an area under the curve of 87%.
The role of routine transpedicular biopsies during kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty for vertebral compression fractures in the detection of malignant diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Osterhoff Georg , Scheyerer Max J. , Spiegl Ulrich J. A. , Schnake Klaus J.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Procedures like kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty have become an established treatment option for vertebral compression fractures (VCF). The transpedicular approach used during these procedures allows to take biopsies from the affected vertebral body. The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the existing knowledge on the value of routine transpedicular biopsies during kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty for vertebral compression fractures.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature using PubMed/Medline databases with the goal of finding all articles describing the value trans-pedicular biopsies for detecting primary bone tumors, metastases, bone diseases, or spondylitis in patients with vertebral compression fractures was performed. Search terms were (*biopsy/ OR biops*.ti,ab.) AND (vertebral compression fracture*.ti,ab.).

Results

Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria, among these were six prospective and ten retrospective case series. Publication dates ranged from 2005 to 2020. A total of 3083 patients with 3667 transpedicular biopsies performed were included. Most biopsies confirmed osteoporosis as the dominant underlying pathology of VCFs. Transpedicular biopsies revealed an unexpected malignant diagnosis in 0.4–6% of the cases.

Conclusion

Routine transpedicular biopsies during kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty detect unexpected malignant lesions in 0.4–6% of the patients, even though the definition of “unexpected” varies among the analyzed studies. The evidence to support a routine biopsy is inconsistent. Nevertheless, routine biopsies can be considered, especially when sufficient preoperatvie imaging is not available or radiological findings are unclear.
Realizing self-adaptive systems via online reinforcement learning and feature-model-guided exploration
Authors: Metzger Andreas , Quinton Clément , Mann Zoltán Ádám , Baresi Luciano , Pohl Klaus
Published: March 2022

A self-adaptive system can automatically maintain its quality requirements in the presence of dynamic environment changes. Developing a self-adaptive system may be difficult due to design time uncertainty; e.g., anticipating all potential environment changes at design time is in most cases infeasible. To realize self-adaptive systems in the presence of design time uncertainty, online machine learning, i.e., machine learning at runtime, is increasingly used. In particular, online reinforcement learning is proposed, which learns suitable adaptation actions through interactions with the environment at runtime. To learn about its environment, online reinforcement learning has to select actions that were not selected before, which is known as exploration. How exploration happens impacts the performance of the learning process. We focus on two problems related to how adaptation actions are explored. First, existing solutions randomly explore adaptation actions and thus may exhibit slow learning if there are many possible adaptation actions. Second, they are unaware of system evolution, and thus may explore new adaptation actions introduced during evolution rather late. We propose novel exploration strategies that use feature models (from software product line engineering) to guide exploration in the presence of many adaptation actions and system evolution. Experimental results for two realistic self-adaptive systems indicate an average speed-up of the learning process of 33.7% in the presence of many adaptation actions, and of 50.6% in the presence of evolution.
Intracranial pressure- and cerebral perfusion pressure threshold-insults in relation to cerebral energy metabolism in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Hånell Anders , Howells Timothy , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Lewén Anders , Enblad Per
Published: March 2022

Background

The aim was to investigate the association between intracranial pressure (ICP)- and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) threshold-insults in relation to cerebral energy metabolism and clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods

In this retrospective study, 75 aSAH patients treated in the neurointensive care unit, Uppsala, Sweden, 2008–2018, with ICP and cerebral microdialysis (MD) monitoring were included. The first 10 days were divided into early (day 1–3), early vasospasm (day 4–6.5), and late vasospasm phase (day 6.5–10). The monitoring time (%) of ICP insults (> 20 mmHg and > 25 mmHg), CPP insults (< 60 mmHg, < 70 mmHg, < 80 mmHg, and < 90 mmHg), and autoregulatory CPP optimum (CPPopt) insults (∆CPPopt = CPP-CPPopt <  − 10 mmHg, ∆CPPopt > 10 mmHg, and within the optimal interval ∆CPPopt ± 10 mmHg) were calculated in each phase.

Results

Higher percent of ICP above the 20 mmHg and 25 mmHg thresholds correlated with lower MD-glucose and increased MD-lactate-pyruvate ratio (LPR), particularly in the vasospasm phases. Higher percentage of CPP below all four thresholds (60/70/80//90 mmHg) also correlated with a MD pattern of poor cerebral substrate supply (MD-LPR > 40 and MD-pyruvate < 120 µM) in the vasospasm phase and higher burden of CPP below 60 mmHg was independently associated with higher MD-LPR in the late vasospasm phase. Higher percentage of CPP deviation from CPPopt did not correlate with worse cerebral energy metabolism. Higher burden of CPP-insults below all fixed thresholds in both vasospasm phases were associated with worse clinical outcome. The percentage of ICP-insults and CPP close to CPPopt were not associated with clinical outcome.

Conclusions

Keeping ICP below 20 mmHg and CPP at least above 60 mmHg may improve cerebral energy metabolism and clinical outcome.
A Qualitative Study of How Adolescents’ Use of Coping Strategies and Support Varies in Line With Their Experiences of Adversity
Authors: Stapley Emily , Stock Sarah , Deighton Jessica , Demkowicz Ola
Published: March 2022

Background

Adolescence is associated with a rise in the incidence of mental health issues. Thus, the factors, processes, and contexts that protect and promote positive mental health in adolescence are of key interest to policymakers.

Objective

Our aim was twofold: First, to explore the coping strategies and sources of support that adolescents identify as protective (or not) in the face of difficulty over a three-year period; second, to examine how and why this may vary in line with the levels of adversity that they report experiencing in life.

Methods

Participants were attending schools in England implementing a mental health prevention programme called HeadStart. 93 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 adolescents (age 11–12 at the outset of the study; 58% female) once per year over three years. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Six coping strategy themes (e.g., ‘Disengaging from problems’) and five support themes (e.g., ‘Parents as a source of comfort and advice’) were derived from the interviews. The types, quality, and consistency of reported coping strategies and support varied in line with whether adolescents were experiencing higher or lower levels of adversity in life over time, and according to the resources that they had available within their physical and social contexts.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the importance for mental health prevention programmes of bolstering both individual-level coping strategies and the resources available within adolescents’ environments to help them to manage adversity.
Healthy Learning Mind (HLM): Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial on A Mindfulness Intervention, Moderators and Association with Perceived Socioeconomic Status, and Comparison to Other National Data
Authors: Lassander Maarit , Saarinen Tapio , Simonsen-Rehn Nina , Suominen Sakari , Vahlberg Tero , Volanen Salla-Maarit
Published: March 2022

Background

This paper presents the baseline characteristics and their moderators in the Healthy Learning Mind (HLM)– school-based cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Objectives

The paper evaluates the state of various measures of well-being, their moderators and how these results compare to national and global norms/population studies.

Methods

Data were collected from all participants prior to the intervention and further analyzed by gender, grade and perceived socioeconomic status, including standardized measures for resilience, depressive symptoms and socioemotional functioning; health-related quality of life, dispositional mindfulness, satisfaction with life, compassion/self-kindness, self-rated health and morning tiredness.

Results

Participating 2793 students (1425 girls, 1368 boys), ages 12 to 15 years, filled in the questionnaires. The outcomes were in line with previous research, demonstrating gender differentiation and lower wellbeing among older children and adolescents.

Conclusions

All outcomes were associated with perceived socioeconomic status, suggesting that perceived low socioeconomic status should be addressed as a serious risk factor and included as a moderator in similar trials.
Optimal Control and Directional Differentiability for Elliptic Quasi-Variational Inequalities
Authors: Alphonse Amal , Hintermüller Michael , Rautenberg Carlos N.
Published: March 2022

We focus on elliptic quasi-variational inequalities (QVIs) of obstacle type and prove a number of results on the existence of solutions, directional differentiability and optimal control of such QVIs. We give three existence theorems based on an order approach, an iteration scheme and a sequential regularisation through partial differential equations. We show that the solution map taking the source term into the set of solutions of the QVI is directionally differentiable for general data and locally Hadamard differentiable obstacle mappings, thereby extending in particular the results of our previous work which provided the first differentiability result for QVIs in infinite dimensions. Optimal control problems with QVI constraints are also considered and we derive various forms of stationarity conditions for control problems, thus supplying among the first such results in this area.