bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of ciprofloxacin resistance in hospitalized patients using machine learning
Authors: Mintz Igor , Chowers Michal , Obolski Uri
Published: March 2023

Background

Ciprofloxacin is a widely used antibiotic that has lost efficiency due to extensive resistance. We developed machine learning (ML) models that predict the probability of ciprofloxacin resistance in hospitalized patients.

Methods

Data were collected from electronic records of hospitalized patients with positive bacterial cultures, during 2016-2019. Susceptibility results to ciprofloxacin (n = 10,053 cultures) were obtained for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus. An ensemble model, combining several base models, was developed to predict ciprofloxacin resistant cultures, either with (gnostic) or without (agnostic) information on the infecting bacterial species.

Results

The ensemble models’ predictions are well-calibrated, and yield ROC-AUCs (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.737 (95%CI 0.715–0.758) and 0.837 (95%CI 0.821–0.854) on independent test-sets for the agnostic and gnostic datasets, respectively. Shapley additive explanations analysis identifies that influential variables are related to resistance of previous infections, where patients arrived from (hospital, nursing home, etc.), and recent resistance frequencies in the hospital. A decision curve analysis reveals that implementing our models can be beneficial in a wide range of cost-benefits considerations of ciprofloxacin administration.

Conclusions

This study develops ML models to predict ciprofloxacin resistance in hospitalized patients. The models achieve high predictive ability, are well calibrated, have substantial net-benefit across a wide range of conditions, and rely on predictors consistent with the literature. This is a further step on the way to inclusion of ML decision support systems into clinical practice.
A facile one-pot synthesis of water-soluble CQDs for the evaluation of their anti-amyloidogenic propensity
Authors: Mukherjee Aniket , Sarkar Nandini
Published: March 2023

Herein, a facile one-pot microwave-assisted synthesis of highly water-soluble CQDs is reported and their inhibitory effect towards amyloid fibrillation process using hen egg-white lysozyme in acidic and neutral pH is explored.
A first glance into mixed phosphine–stibine moieties as protecting ligands for gold clusters
Authors: Singh Kundan K. , Bhattacharyya Ayan , Havenridge Shana , Ghabin Mohamed , Ausmann Hagan , Siegler Maxime A. , Aikens Christine M. , Das Anindita
Published: March 2023

[Au6(SbP3)2][PF6]2: the first gold nanocluster protected by multidentate coordination of stibine (Sb) and phosphine (P) moieties.
Chiral spirosiladiphosphines: ligand development and applications in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes with enhanced reactivity
Authors: Hou Fei , Liu Minjie , Ru Tong , Tan Zequn , Ning Yingtang , Chen Fen-Er
Published: March 2023

We report the development and applications of Si-centered spirodiphosphine (Si-SDP) ligands. The Si-SDPs exhibited superior reactivity compared to the corresponding SDPs in the enantioselective hydrosilylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes.
Lemniscular carbon nanohoops with contiguous conjugation from planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane: influence of the regioselective synthesis on topological chirality
Authors: He Jing , Yu Mo-Han , Lian Zhe , Fan Yan-Qing , Guo Sheng-Zhu , Li Xiao-Nan , Wang Ying , Wang Wen-Guang , Cheng Zhi-Yun , Jiang Hua
Published: March 2023

We report herein two lemniscular carbon nanohoops bis-po-CC and bis-pm-TC with contiguous conjugation from planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane, and elucidate the influence of the regioselective synthesis on their topological chirality.
Application of biowaste and nature-inspired (nano)materials in fuel cells
Authors: Jaleh Babak , Nasri Atefeh , Eslamipanah Mahtab , Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud , Advani Jacky H. , Fornasiero Paolo , Gawande Manoj B.
Published: March 2023

Advanced materials comprising biowaste, and nature-inspired (nano)materials having unique properties have been highlighted. Critical discussion of their efficiency on the fuel cell output has been provided.
Plasmonic random lasing and amplified spontaneous emission from donor–acceptor–donor dyes covered biocompatible silk fibroin film
Authors: Lin Ja-Hon , Tung Po-Han , Tsai Wei-Chen , Setyatama Novia Eka , Lin Tzu-Chau , Kuo Chi-Ching , Lin Bi-Hsuan , Lin Hao-Wu , Yeh Ting-Ju , Wang Yun-Chi
Published: March 2023

Amplified spontaneous emission and random lasing behavior are demonstrated from our synthesized donor–acceptor–donor dye-covered biocompatible silk fibroin (DC-SF) film and the DC-SF film with embedded silver nanoprisms, respectively.
Square-planar and octahedral nickel complexes of an acylhydrazone ligand and the serendipitous isolation of a potential octahedral nickel acylhydrazone precursor
Authors: Carballo Rosa , Lago Ana Belén , Vázquez-Toirán María , Estévez Laura , Vázquez-López Ezequiel M.
Published: March 2023

An investigation of the coordination chemistry of the ((E)-N′-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide) Schiff-based ligand (HL) towards Ni(ii) acetate was performed using single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Immobilized triatomic CuB2 clusters on 2D carbon nitride: highly selective conversion of CO to ethanol at low potentials
Authors: Hao Zhichao , Ma Li-Juan , Guo Yaguang , Jia Jianfeng , Wu Hai-Shun
Published: March 2023

Immobilized triatomic CuB2 clusters on 2D carbon nitride: highly selective conversion of CO to ethanol at low potential.
A combined BET and IQA–REG study of the activation energy of non-polar zw-type [3+2] cycloaddition reactions
Authors: Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar , Falcioni Fabio , Domingo Luis R. , Popelier Paul L. A.
Published: March 2023

IQA–REG indicates that the high energy cost of the zw-type 32CA reaction between the simplest nitrone and ethylene is associated with the rupture of the ethylene C4C5 double bond. Energies are given in kcal mol−1.
Exploring the electrochemical ring hydrogenation of furanic compounds
Authors: Lenk Thorben , Rueß Valentin , Gresch Janko , Schröder Uwe
Published: March 2023

The utilization of Pd- and Pt-containing electrocatalysts for the ring-hydrogenation of furfural and related furans to tetrahydrofurans is investigated.
Conducting gelatin/PAM DN hydrogels with high mechanical properties prepared using the photoinduced one-pot method for strain sensors
Authors: Bao Yihao , Wang Ying , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning
Published: March 2023

Gelatin/PAM double-network hydrogels with high strength, conductivity and stability were prepared for flexible strain sensors.
Quinone-based imide conjugated microporous polymer-reductive graphene oxide composite as an efficient electrode for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Dai Yuyu , Gao Yue , Xu Haoran , Li Xiaoqing , Xu Xiangsheng , Li Zhenming
Published: March 2023

A novel quinone-based imide conjugated microporous polymer-reductive graphene oxide (PIBQ-1%rGO) composite was designed and successfully prepared, and exhibits a high specific capacity of 340 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 in sulfuric acid electrolyte.
Synthesis, conformational stability and molecular structure of 4-aryl- and 4,5-diaryl-1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalenes
Authors: Filatova Ekaterina A. , Ermolenko Eugeny A. , Pozharskii Alexander F. , Ozeryanskii Valery A. , Demidov Oleg P. , Chernyshev Anatoly V. , Metelitsa Anatoly V. , Gulevskaya Anna V.
Published: March 2023

4-Aryl- and 4,5-diaryl-1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalenes were synthesized and comprehensively studied. Protonation leads to dramatic changes in their structures and properties.
Super-strong reusable hot melt adhesives prepared from hyperbranched epoxy resin
Authors: Han Xu , Wu Yu , Han Haoran , Xu Zejun , Li Tingcheng , Jiang Yu , Chen Sufang , Zhang Daohong
Published: March 2023

The hyperbranched epoxy hot melt adhesive (HEA-8) showed a super-high adhesion strength of approximately 10.7 MPa and outstanding reusability with >82% adhesion strength retained after five cycles.
Reconfigurable DNA triplex structure for pH responsive logic gates
Authors: Qi Mingxuan , Shi Peijun , Zhang Xiaokang , Cui Shuang , Liu Yuan , Zhou Shihua , Zhang Qiang
Published: March 2023

We constructed pH-responsive logic gates through substrate conformational change that uses two types of logic calculations, ‘AND’ and ‘OR’. Our logic gates necessitate fewer substrates when two types of logic calculations are needed.
Retraction: Single walled carbon nanotubes reinforced mineralized hydroxyapatite composite coatings on titanium for improved biocompatible implant applications
Authors: Gopi D. , Shinyjoy E. , Karthika A. , Nithiya S. , Kavitha L. , Rajeswari D. , Tang Tingting
Published: March 2023

Retraction of ‘Single walled carbon nanotubes reinforced mineralized hydroxyapatite composite coatings on titanium for improved biocompatible implant applications’ by D. Gopi et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 36766–36778, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA04382D.
Time-dependent photo-activated aminoborane room-temperature phosphorescence materials with unprecedented properties: simple, versatile, multicolor-tuneable, water resistance, optical information writing/erasing, and multilevel data encryption
Authors: Ding Huangting , Sun Yitong , Tang Meng , Wen Jingyi , Yue Shiwen , Peng Ye , Li Fei , Zheng Liyan , Wang Suning , Shi Yonggang , Cao Qiue
Published: March 2023

A series of triarylborane derivatives were prepared by introducing different push–pull electronic groups. Upon incorporation into a PMMA matrix, these triarylborane derivatives with a D–π–A system (BN) had good versatility for photo-induced ultra-long RTP materials.
An interconnected silicon–carbon conductive framework for dissipating mechanical strain for advanced Li-ion storage
Authors: Li Shengsong , Wang Gengyi , Meng Tao , Gao Aimei , Yi Fenyun , Ou Shanqiang , Li Bo , Liu Cong , Shu Dong , Tong Yexiang
Published: March 2023

Interconnected carbon encapsulated silicon nanoparticles were fabricated via molecular self-assembly and in situ carbonization strategies, which can effectively dissipate expansion strain and enhance the lithium-ion reaction kinetics.
Porous film impregnation method for record-efficiency visible-to-UV photon upconversion and subsolar light harvesting
Authors: Harada Naoyuki , Uji Masanori , Singh Baljeet , Kimizuka Nobuo , Yanai Nobuhiro
Published: March 2023

A record-high visible-to-ultraviolet (UV) upconversion efficiency of 27.6% for films is achieved by a simple method using porous film. Subsolar visible light is successfully converted to UV light by integrating the film with a microlens array.
Chiral diketopyrrolopyrrole dyes showing light emission in solid and aggregate states
Authors: Mastropasqua Talamo Maurizio , Cauchy Thomas , Pop Flavia , Zinna Francesco , Di Bari Lorenzo , Avarvari Narcis
Published: March 2023

Chiral tetraarylethylene-diketopyrrolopyrroles, synthesized by a strategy involving a Mitsunobu typeN-alkylation and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, show CD and circularly polarized luminescence in solution and enhanced emission in the aggregate states.
Generative adversarial networks based motion learning towards robotic calligraphy synthesis
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Yang Yilong , Wang Weiru , Zhou Yuanhua , Yin Yongfeng , Gong Zhiguo
Published: March 2023

Robot calligraphy visually reflects the motion capability of robotic manipulators. While traditional researches mainly focus on image generation and the writing of simple calligraphic strokes or characters, this article presents a generative adversarial network (GAN)‐based motion learning method for robotic calligraphy synthesis (Gan2CS) that can enhance the efficiency in writing complex calligraphy words and reproducing classic calligraphy works. The key technologies in the proposed approach include: (1) adopting the GAN to learn the motion parameters from the robot writing operation; (2) converting the learnt motion data into the style font and realising the transition from static calligraphy images to dynamic writing demonstration; (3) reproducing high‐precision calligraphy works by synthesising the writing motion data hierarchically. In this study, the motion trajectories of sample calligraphy images are firstly extracted and converted into the robot module. The robot performs the writing with motion planning, and the writing motion parameters of calligraphy strokes are learnt with GANs. Then the motion data of basic strokes is synthesised based on the hierarchical process of ‘stroke‐radical‐part‐character’. And the robot re‐writes the synthesised characters whose similarity with the original calligraphy characters is evaluated. Regular calligraphy characters have been tested in the experiments for method validation and the results validated that the robot can actualise the robotic calligraphy synthesis of writing motion data with GAN.
Fault reconstruction method of high redundancy satellite power distribution unit
Authors: Ye Zeyu , Yin Jingyuan , Zhang Tongshuo , Zheng Sha , Zeng Qingpeng , Wei Tongzhen
Published: March 2023

Satellite electrical power supply system requires higher redundancy and reliability. The failure of the secondary power supply of the power distribution unit will directly lead to the unavailability of the load. The matrix switch can connect multiple secondary power supplies to multiple loads to improve the fault tolerance of the distribution unit. As the number of redundant switches increases, the process of fault reconstruction becomes more complex. In this paper, a matrix switch fault reconstruction method based on 0–1 integer programming is proposed. This method can reconstruct the matrix switch for different fault modes to meet the electrical power supply and protection requirements of the load. Compared with the general fault countermeasure, this method has independent decision‐making ability, can be expanded by modifying a few parameters, and can be integrated into the management of the whole satellite power supply system. A 500‐W satellite power supply system experimental platform was built, and a matrix distribution switch unit prototype meeting the requirements of integration and low volume was manufactured. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the reconstruction strategy when dealing with multiple faults in different locations.
Correction of ionosphere phase contamination of high‐frequency hybrid sky‐surface wave radar using wavelet transform
Authors: Feng Mengyan , Fang Hanxian , Wu Xiongbin , Ai Weihua , Yue Xianchang , Zhang Lan
Published: March 2023

Ionospheric phase contamination (IPC) is a major contributor to the imprecise retrieval of ocean dynamics parameters by the high‐frequency hybrid sky‐surface wave radar (HFHSSW). Since the direct wave and sea echo of HFHSSW have comparable IPC, the information of ocean dynamics parameters can be preserved by using the IPC extracted from the direct waves to correct the sea echoes. In this article, a wavelet transform (WT) algorithm for HFHSSW sea echo correction is proposed. The direct waves are decomposed using a series of wavelet functions constructed with complex Morlet wavelets in order to extract the IPC and correct the sea echoes. The authors enumerated two examples and counted the correction results for 50 echoes to validate the performance of the WT algorithm. The results demonstrate that the WT algorithm enhances the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the sea echoes and suppresses the broadening of the sea echoes. The 6‐dB bandwidth of the positive and negative first‐order Bragg peaks (B+, B−) decreases by 32.96% and 35.04% respectively, while the SNR increases by 1.16 and 1.21 dB respectively. In comparison to the generalised S‐transform (GST algorithm), the computation speed of the WT algorithm is approximately 3.2 times that of the GST algorithm, making it more suitable for practical operation.
The Outer spiral arm of the Milky Way using red clump stars
Authors: Uppal Namita , Ganesh Shashikiran , Schultheis Mathias
Published: March 2023

Aims. Our aim is to provide an observational view of the old disc structure of the Milky Way galaxy using the distribution of red clump (RC) stars. The spiral arms, warp structure, and other asymmetries present in the disc are revisited using a systematic study of RC star counts over the disc of the Galaxy.

Methods. We developed a method for systematically extracting the RC stars from a 2MASS (J − Ks, J) colour-magnitude diagram of 1° ×1° bins in ℓ × b, covering the range 40° ≤ ℓ ≤ 320° and −10° ≤ b ≤ 10°. 2MASS data continue to be important because we are able to identify and trace the RC stars to much farther distances than in any optical survey of the Galactic disc. The foreground star contamination in the selected sample was removed using the accurate astrometric data from Gaia EDR3. We analysed the spiral arms and asymmetry in the Galaxy above and below the Galactic plane in galactocentric coordinates.

Results. We have generated a face-on-view (XY-plane) of the Galaxy depicting the density distribution and count ratio above and below the Galactic plane. The resulting over-density of RC stars traces the continuous morphology of the Outer arm from the second to the third Galactic quadrant. This is the first study to map the Outer arms across the disc using RC stars. Through this study, we are able to trace the Outer arm well into the third Galactic quadrant for the first time. In addition to the spiral structures, we also see a wave-like asymmetry above and below the Galactic plane with respect to longitudes, indicating the warp structure. The warp structure is studied systematically by tracing the ratio of RC stars above and below the Galactic plane. We provide the first direct observational evidence of the asymmetry in the outer spiral arms, confirming that the spiral arms traced by the older population are also warped, similar to the disc.
Implicit electric field conjugation: Data-driven focal plane control
Authors: Haffert S. Y. , Males J. R. , Ahn K. , Van Gorkom K. , Guyon O. , Close L. M. , Long J. D. , Hedglen A. D. , Schatz L. , Kautz M. , Lumbres J. , Rodack A. , Knight J. M. , Miller K.
Published: March 2023

Context.Direct imaging of Earth-like planets is one of the main science cases for the next generation of extremely large telescopes. This is very challenging due to the star-planet contrast that has to be overcome. Most current high-contrast imaging instruments are limited in sensitivity at small angular separations due to non-common path aberrations (NCPA). The NCPA leak through the corona-graph and create bright speckles that limit the on-sky contrast and therefore also the post-processed contrast.

Aims.We aim to remove the NCPA by active focal plane wavefront control using a data-driven approach.

Methods.We developed a new approach to dark hole creation and maintenance that does not require an instrument model. This new approach is called implicit Electric Field Conjugation (iEFC) and it can be empirically calibrated. This makes it robust for complex instruments where optical models might be difficult to realize. Numerical simulations have been used to explore the performance of iEFC for different coronagraphs. The method was validated on the internal source of the Magellan Adaptive Optics extreme (MagAO-X) instrument to demonstrate iEFC’s performance on a real instrument.

Results.Numerical experiments demonstrate that iEFC can achieve deep contrast below 10−9with several coronagraphs. The method is easily extended to broadband measurements and the simulations show that a bandwidth up to 40% can be handled without problems. Lab experiments with MagAO-X showed a contrast gain of a factor 10 in a broadband light and a factor 20–200 in narrowband light. A contrast of 5 × 10−8was achieved with the Phase Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraph at 7.5λ/D.

Conclusions.The new iEFC method has been demonstrated to work in numerical and lab experiments. It is a method that can be empirically calibrated and it can achieve deep contrast. This makes it a valuable approach for complex ground-based high-contrast imaging systems.
Modeling CME encounters at Parker Solar Probe with OSPREI: Dependence on photospheric and coronal conditions
Authors: Ledvina Vincent E. , Palmerio Erika , Kay Christina , Al-Haddad Nada , Riley Pete
Published: March 2023

Context.Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are eruptions of plasma from the Sun that travel through interplanetary space and may encounter Earth. CMEs often enclose a magnetic flux rope (MFR), the orientation of which largely determines the CMEs’ geoeffectiveness. Current operational CME models do not model MFRs, but a number of research ones do, including the Open Solar Physics Rapid Ensemble Information (OSPREI) model.

Aims.We report the sensitivity of OSPREI to a range of user-selected photospheric and coronal conditions.

Methods.We modeled four separate CMEs observed in situ by Parker Solar Probe (PSP). We varied the input photospheric conditions using four input magnetograms (HMI Synchronic, HMI Synoptic, GONG Synoptic Zero-Point Corrected, and GONG ADAPT). To vary the coronal field reconstruction, we employed the Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) model and varied its source-surface height in the range 1.5–3.0R⊙with 0.1R⊙increments.

Results.We find that both the input magnetogram and PFSS source surface often affect the evolution of the CME as it propagates through the Sun’s corona into interplanetary space, and therefore the accuracy of the MFR prediction compared to in situ data at PSP. There is no obvious best combination of input magnetogram and PFSS source surface height.

Conclusions.The OSPREI model is moderately sensitive to the input photospheric and coronal conditions. Based on where the source region of the CME is located on the Sun, there may be best practices when selecting an input magnetogram to use.
JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS)
Authors: Beuther H. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Tychoniec L. , Gieser C. , Kavanagh P. J. , Perotti G. , van Gelder M. L. , Klaassen P. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Francis L. , Rocha W. R. M. , Slavicinska K. , Ray T. , Justtanont K. , Linnartz H. , Waelkens C. , Colina L. , Greve T. , Güdel M. , Henning T. , Lagage P.-O. , Vandenbussche B. , Östlin G. , Wright G.
Published: March 2023

Context. Understanding the earliest stages of star formation, and setting it in the context of the general cycle of matter in the interstellar medium, is a central aspect of research with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Aims. The JWST program JOYS (JWST Observations of Young protoStars) aims to characterize the physical and chemical properties of young high- and low-mass star-forming regions, in particular the unique mid-infrared diagnostics of the warmer gas and solid-state components. We present early results from the high-mass star formation region IRAS 23385+6053.

Methods. The JOYS program uses the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) with its integral field unit (IFU) to investigate a sample of high- and low-mass star-forming protostellar systems.

Results. The full 5–28 µm MIRI MRS spectrum of IRAS 23385+6053 shows a plethora of interesting features. While the general spectrum is typical for an embedded protostar, we see many atomic and molecular gas lines boosted by the higher spectral resolution and sensitivity compared to previous space missions. Furthermore, ice and dust absorption features are also present. Here, we focus on the continuum emission, outflow tracers such as the H2(0–0)S(7), [FeII](4F9/2−6D9/2), and [NeII](2P1/2−2P3/2) lines, and the potential accretion tracer Humphreys α H I(7−6). The short-wavelength MIRI data resolve two continuum sources, A and B; mid-infrared source A is associated with the main millimeter continuum peak. The combination of mid-infrared and millimeter data reveals a young cluster in the making. Combining the mid-infrared outflow tracers H2, [FeII], and [NeII] with millimeter SiO data reveals a complex interplay of at least three molecular outflows driven by protostars in the forming cluster. Furthermore, the Humphreys α line is detected at a 3–4σ level toward the mid-infrared sources A and B. One can roughly estimate both accretion luminosities and corresponding accretion rates to be between ~2.6 × 10−6 and ~0.9 × 10−4 M⊙ yr−1. This is discussed in the context of the observed outflow rates.

Conclusions. The analysis of the MIRI MRS observations for this young high-mass star-forming region reveals connected outflow and accretion signatures, as well as the enormous potential of JWST to boost our understanding of the physical and chemical processes at play during star formation.
Primary-Nurse-Konzepte in der stationären Psychotherapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Schöfer Laura , Fetahu Shkurta , Schweda Michaela , Nazli Nevzat , Lempp Thomas
Published: March 2023

Beim Konzept des Primary Nursing erhalten erkrankte Kinder und Jugendliche Alltagsunterstützung, die auf ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst und dauerhaft optimiert wird. Das stationäre Umfeld mit einem festen Behandlerteam bietet gute Voraussetzungen für das Erreichen individueller Therapieziele und eine positive persönliche Entwicklung.
HNO-Wissen bei HNO-Ärzten: Eine Analyse der Quizfragen in der HNO-App
Authors: Johannsen Jannik , Shabli Sami , Klußmann Jens Peter , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Lüers Jan-Christoffer
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund Die HNO-App, eine Smartphone-App zur Fort- und Weiterbildung für HNO-Ärzte und HNO-Interessierte, ergänzt bestehende Angebote der ärztlichen Aus- und Weiterbildung. Das Prinzip des game-based E-Learning kann in Zeiten von Digitalisierung und Pandemie neue Perspektiven eröffnen. Herzstück der App ist ein großes HNO-Quiz, in welchem App-Nutzer im Duell-Modus gegeneinander antreten. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die Leistung der App-Nutzer im Quizmodul unter Berücksichtigung der Fragenkategorien und dem Ausbildungsstand der Nutzer.

Material und Methoden Retrospektiv erfolgte eine Auswertung der Quizfragen für die ersten 24 Monate nach Einführung der App. In 16 verschiedenen Kategorien standen 3593 verschiedene Fragen zur Auswahl. Anhand des Ausbildungsstandes wurde unterschieden zwischen Ärzten in Weiterbildung, Fachärzten, Oberärzten, Chefärzten und Ordinaria. Zudem standen Daten zu Studierenden und Nichtmedizinern zur Verfügung.

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Unterschied des Wissensstandes der Nutzer unter Berücksichtigung des Ausbildungsstandes. Die Gruppe der Ärzte in Weiterbildung (n=1013) stellte die größte Gruppe dar, hier wurden durchschnittlich 244 Fragen pro Nutzer gespielt und 65,1% der Fragen richtig beantwortet. Damit erreichten sie eine signifikant bessere Antwortquote als die Gruppe der Fachärzte (n=566), welche 61,0% der Fragen richtig beantworten konnte.

Schlussfolgerung Insbesondere für Ärzte in Weiterbildung scheint die spielerische Form der Fortbildung durch das HNO-Quiz in der App attraktiv zu sein. Zudem erzielte diese Nutzergruppe bessere Antwortquoten als Fachärzte.
How to Transform a Perforator Propeller Flap into a Keystone Flap in Case of Unsatisfying Perforator Vessel Local Perforator Flap Coverage in Limbs
Authors: Ciucur Elena , Boukhenouna Hadj , Guena Benjamin , Garrido-Stowhas I. , Herlin Christian , Chaput Benoit
Published: March 2023

Moderate soft-tissue defects need stable coverage, ideally with tissue of similar characteristics and low donor site morbidity. We propose a simple technique for the coverage of moderate skin defects in the limbs. It allows intraoperative transformation of a propeller perforator flap (PPF) into a keystone design perforator flap (KDPF) in cases of unsatisfying perforator vessel or in cases of unpredictable intraoperative events. Between March 2013 and July 2019, nine patients with moderate soft-tissue defects (mean defect size 4.5 × 7.6 cm) in the limbs (two on the upper limbs and seven on the lower limbs) were covered using this technique. We performed four PPFs and five KDPFs. The mean follow-up was 5 months. There was one complication, partial distal tip necrosis in a PPF located in the leg, which healed by secondary intention within 3 weeks. The donor site was closed directly in all cases. No functional impairments were noted regardless of the perforator flap utilized. This technique enables us to employ flexible surgical strategies and allows us to make adjustments based on the patient's vascular anatomy.
Analysis of the Measurement Properties of the Female Sexual Function Index 6-item Version (FSFI-6) in a Postpartum Brazilian Population
Authors: Guendler Julianna de Azevedo , Amorim Melania Maria , Flamini Maria Eduarda Melo , Delgado Alexandre , Lemos Andrea , Katz Leila
Published: March 2023

Objective We evaluated internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and criterion validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Female Sexual Function Index 6-item Version (FSFI-6) for postpartum women.

Methods Therefore, questionnaires were applied to 100 sexually active women in the postpartum period. The Cronbach α coefficient was used to evaluate the internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was analyzed by Kappa for each item of the questionnaire and by the Wilcoxon parametric test, comparing the total scores of each evaluation. For the assessment of criterion validity, the FSFI was used as the gold standard and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). It was found that the internal consistency of the FSFI-6 questionnaire was considerably high (0.839).

Results The test-retest reliability results were satisfactory. It can also be stated that the FSFI-6 questionnaire presented excellent discriminant validity (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.926). Women may be considered as having sexual dysfunction if the overall FSFI-6 score is < 21, with 85.5% sensitivity, 82.2% specificity, positive likelihood ratio of 4.81 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.18.

Conclusion We conclude that the Brazilian Portuguese version of FSFI-6 is valid for use in postpartum women.
Navigating biosafety concerns within COVID-19 do-it-yourself (DIY) science: an ethnographic and interview study
Authors: Wexler Anna , Choi Rebekah , Pearlman Alex , Rasmussen Lisa M.
Published: March 2023

Non-establishment or do-it-yourself (DIY) science involves individuals who may not have formal training conducting experiments outside of institutional settings. While prior scholarship has examined the motivations and values of those involved in the subset of DIY science known as “DIY biology,” little research has addressed how these individuals navigate ethical issues in practice. The present study therefore aimed to understand how DIY biologists identify, approach, and resolve one particular ethical issue—biosafety—in their work. We conducted a digital ethnography of Just One Giant Lab (JOGL), the primary hub for DIY biology during the COVID-19 pandemic, and subsequently conducted interviews with individuals involved with JOGL. We found that JOGL was the first global DIY biology initiative to create a Biosafety Advisory Board and develop formal biosafety guidelines that applied to different groups in multiple locations. There was disagreement, however, regarding whether the Board should have an advisory role or provide mandatory oversight. We found that JOGL practiced ethical gatekeeping of projects that fell outside the limits defined by the Board. Our findings show that the DIY biology community recognized biosafety issues and tried to build infrastructure to facilitate the safe conduct of research.
An omics approach to delineating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the biological effects of physical plasma
Authors: Gonzales Lou I. S. A. , Qiao Jessica W. , Buffier Aston W. , Rogers Linda J. , Suchowerska Natalka , McKenzie David R. , Kwan Ann H.
Published: March 2023

The use of physical plasma to treat cancer is an emerging field, and interest in its applications in oncology is increasing rapidly. Physical plasma can be used directly by aiming the plasma jet onto cells or tissue, or indirectly, where a plasma-treated solution is applied. A key scientific question is the mechanism by which physical plasma achieves selective killing of cancer over normal cells. Many studies have focused on specific pathways and mechanisms, such as apoptosis and oxidative stress, and the role of redox biology. However, over the past two decades, there has been a rise in omics, the systematic analysis of entire collections of molecules in a biological entity, enabling the discovery of the so-called “unknown unknowns.” For example, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have helped to uncover molecular mechanisms behind the action of physical plasma, revealing critical pathways beyond those traditionally associated with cancer treatments. This review showcases a selection of omics and then summarizes the insights gained from these studies toward understanding the biological pathways and molecular mechanisms implicated in physical plasma treatment. Omics studies have revealed how reactive species generated by plasma treatment preferentially affect several critical cellular pathways in cancer cells, resulting in epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational changes that promote cell death. Finally, this review considers the outlook for omics in uncovering both synergies and antagonisms with other common cancer therapies, as well as in overcoming challenges in the clinical translation of physical plasma.
Computational based time-resolved multispectral fluorescence
microscopy
Authors: Ghezzi Alberto , Lenz Armin J. M. , Soldevila Fernando , Tajahuerce Enrique , Vurro Vito , Bassi Andrea , Valentini Gianluca , Farina Andrea , D’Andrea Cosimo
Published: March 2023

Multispectral imaging and time-resolved imaging are two common acquisition schemes in fluorescence microscopy, and their combination can be beneficial to increase specificity. The multidimensionality of the dataset (space, time, and spectrum) introduces some challenges, such as the acquisition of big datasets and long measurement times. In this work, we present a time-resolved multispectral fluorescence microscopy system with a short measurement time, achieved by exploiting Compressive Sensing (CS) based on the Single-Pixel Camera (SPC) scheme. Data Fusion (DF) with a high-resolution camera allows us to tackle the problem of low spatial resolution, typical of SPC. The combined use of SPC, CS, and DF, in which hardware and algorithms are integrated, represents a computational imaging framework to reduce the number of measurements while preserving the information content. This approach has been exploited to demonstrate a zoom feature without moving the optical system. We describe and characterize the system in terms of spatial, spectral, and temporal properties, along with validation on a cellular sample.
Multi-step photon upconversion in quantum-dot-based solar cells with a double-heterointerface structure
Authors: Mahamu Hambalee , Asahi Shigeo , Kita Takashi
Published: March 2023

Photon upconversion (PU) is a process where an electron is excited from the valence band to the conduction band of a wide-gap semiconductor by the sequential absorption of two or more photons via real states. For example, two-step PU can generate additional photocurrent in the so-called intermediate-band solar cells. In this work, we consider two- and three-step processes; we study multi-step PU in a quantum dot (QD)-based single-junction solar cell with a double-heterointerface structure. The solar cell consists of three different absorber layers: Al0.7Ga0.3As, Al0.3Ga0.7As, and GaAs, which form two heterointerfaces. Just beneath each heterointerface, an InAs/GaAs QD layer was inserted. After band-to-band excitation, electrons accumulate at each heterointerface, and then, below-bandgap photons excite a certain fraction of these electrons above the barrier energy. The photoluminescence spectra of the InAs QDs reveal slightly different QD size distributions at the two heterointerfaces. We show that the external quantum efficiency is improved by additional irradiation with below-bandgap infrared photons, which suggests a multi-step PU process that involves the two heterointerfaces. The dependence of the photocurrent on the infrared excitation power density only shows a superlinear behavior when the GaAs layer is excited but the Al0.3Ga0.7As layer is not. These data demonstrate a multi-step PU process that consists of one intraband transition at each of the two heterointerfaces and one interband transition in GaAs.
Accurate modeling of blood flow in a micro-channel as a non-homogeneous mixture using continuum approach-based diffusive flux model
Authors: Yadav Shivji Prasad , Sharma Atul , Agrawal Amit
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a continuum approach for the blood flow simulation, inside the micro-channel of the few micrometers characteristics dimension, within the context of the finite volume method on unstructured grids. The velocity and pressure fields, for the blood flow, are obtained here by solving the Navier–Stokes equations. A particle transport equation, based on the diffusive flux model, provides the hematocrit distribution (i.e., the red blood cells volume-fraction). The momentum conservation equation for a non-Newtonian fluid model is coupled with the particle transport equation through the constitutive blood viscosity model, and this blood viscosity is dependent on hematocrit and shear rate. The continuum approach for blood flow inside the micro-channel of the length scale of a few micrometers to a few hundred micrometers is expected to break down. Interestingly, the present approach provides meaningful insights into biophysics with less computational cost and shows a good match with the experiments and mesoscale simulation with a maximum average deviation of 11% even at the characteristic dimensions of 10–300 μm. A correlation is proposed for additional-local shear rate in terms of the hematocrit and the ratio of red blood cells diameter to the channel diameter, which helps us to demonstrate an increase in the accuracy and also eliminates the issues of unphysical hematocrit reported in the earlier studies available in the literature. The study is extended to provide new results inside a square and rectangular cross section micro-channels, under a range of inlet parameters.
Wild animals suppress the spread of socially transmitted misinformation
Authors: Fahimipour Ashkaan K. , Gil Michael A. , Celis Maria Rosa , Hein Gabriel F. , Martin Benjamin T. , Hein Andrew M.
Published: March 2023

Understanding the mechanisms by which information and misinformation spread through groups of individual actors is essential to the prediction of phenomena ranging from coordinated group behaviors to misinformation epidemics. Transmission of information through groups depends on the rules that individuals use to transform the perceived actions of others into their own behaviors. Because it is often not possible to directly infer decision-making strategies in situ, most studies of behavioral spread assume that individuals make decisions by pooling or averaging the actions or behavioral states of neighbors. However, whether individuals may instead adopt more sophisticated strategies that exploit socially transmitted information, while remaining robust to misinformation, is unknown. Here, we study the relationship between individual decision-making and misinformation spread in groups of wild coral reef fish, where misinformation occurs in the form of false alarms that can spread contagiously through groups. Using automated visual field reconstruction of wild animals, we infer the precise sequences of socially transmitted visual stimuli perceived by individuals during decision-making. Our analysis reveals a feature of decision-making essential for controlling misinformation spread: dynamic adjustments in sensitivity to socially transmitted cues. This form of dynamic gain control can be achieved by a simple and biologically widespread decision-making circuit, and it renders individual behavior robust to natural fluctuations in misinformation exposure.
BRCA2 chaperones RAD51 to single molecules of RPA-coated ssDNA
Authors: Bell Jason C. , Dombrowski Christopher C. , Plank Jody L. , Jensen Ryan B. , Kowalczykowski Stephen C.
Published: March 2023

Mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene,
BRCA2
, greatly increase an individual’s lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers.
BRCA2
suppresses tumor formation by potentiating DNA repair via homologous recombination. Central to recombination is the assembly of a RAD51 nucleoprotein filament, which forms on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) generated at or near the site of chromosomal damage. However, replication protein-A (RPA) rapidly binds to and continuously sequesters this ssDNA, imposing a kinetic barrier to RAD51 filament assembly that suppresses unregulated recombination. Recombination mediator proteins—of which BRCA2 is the defining member in humans—alleviate this kinetic barrier to catalyze RAD51 filament formation. We combined microfluidics, microscopy, and micromanipulation to directly measure both the binding of full-length BRCA2 to—and the assembly of RAD51 filaments on—a region of RPA-coated ssDNA within individual DNA molecules designed to mimic a resected DNA lesion common in replication-coupled recombinational repair. We demonstrate that a dimer of RAD51 is minimally required for spontaneous nucleation; however, growth self-terminates below the diffraction limit. BRCA2 accelerates nucleation of RAD51 to a rate that approaches the rapid association of RAD51 to naked ssDNA, thereby overcoming the kinetic block imposed by RPA. Furthermore, BRCA2 eliminates the need for the rate-limiting nucleation of RAD51 by chaperoning a short preassembled RAD51 filament onto the ssDNA complexed with RPA. Therefore, BRCA2 regulates recombination by initiating RAD51 filament formation.
How armed militancy transformed power relations in the oil communities of Nigeria’s Niger Delta
Authors: Ebiede Tarila Marclint
Published: March 2023

This article analyses the dynamics of conflicts in local communities in the Niger Delta. The article argues that militants associated with armed groups gained significant power in communities due to their dominant roles in the persistent violent conflicts that have plagued the Niger Delta over the last two decades. This is evident in how those associated with armed militant groups influence and control community governance institutions in the region. However, people who are not aligned with militia groups are beginning to challenge the hegemony of those associated with militia groups. This process defines the prevailing dynamics of power relations in the area.
IEC-intrinsic IL-1R signaling holds dual roles in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammation
Authors: Overcast Garrett R. , Meibers Hannah E. , Eshleman Emily M. , Saha Irene , Waggoner Lisa , Patel Krupaben N. , Jain Viral G. , Haslam David B. , Alenghat Theresa , VanDussen Kelli L. , Pasare Chandrashekhar
Published: March 2023

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitute a critical first line of defense against microbes. While IECs are known to respond to various microbial signals, the precise upstream cues regulating diverse IEC responses are not clear. Here, we discover a dual role for IEC-intrinsic interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Absence of IL-1R in epithelial cells abrogates a homeostatic antimicrobial program including production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Mice deficient for IEC-intrinsic IL-1R are unable to clear Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) but are protected from DSS-induced colitis. Mechanistically, IL-1R signaling enhances IL-22R–induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in IECs leading to elevated production of AMPs. IL-1R signaling in IECs also directly induces expression of chemokines as well as genes involved in the production of reactive oxygen species. Our findings establish a protective role for IEC-intrinsic IL-1R signaling in combating infections but a detrimental role during colitis induced by epithelial damage.
Insight into the intrinsic microstructures of polycrystalline SnSe based compounds
Authors: Xue Wenhua , Li Shan , He Huolun , Zhi Shizhen , Li Xiaofang , Bai Fengxian , Chen Chen , Mao Jun , Wang Yumei , Zhang Qian
Published: March 2023

SnSe based compounds have attracted much attention due to the ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity and excellent thermoelectric properties. The origin of the low thermal conductivity has been ascribed to the strong phonon anharmonicity. Generally, the microstructures are also effective in scattering the phonons and further reducing the lattice thermal conductivity. In this work, the microstructures of undoped SnSe and Bi-doped Sn0.97SeBi0.03 have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. A characteristic microstructure of lath-like grains has been observed in SnSe based compounds from perpendicular to the pressure direction. In addition, there exist a large quantity of low-angle grain boundaries and a high concentration of edge dislocations and stacking faults in the grains. All these microstructures result in lattice mismatch and distortion and can act as the phonon scattering centers, which broaden the understanding of the low thermal conductivity of SnSe based compounds.
α-Fe2O3-based artificial synaptic RRAM device for pattern recognition using artificial neural networks
Authors: Jetty Prabana , Mohanan Kannan Udaya , Jammalamadaka S Narayana
Published: March 2023

We report on the α -Fe2O3-based artificial synaptic resistive random access memory device, which is a promising candidate for artificial neural networks (ANN) to recognize the images. The device consists of a structure Ag/α-Fe2O3/FTO and exhibits non-volatility with analog resistive switching characteristics. We successfully demonstrated synaptic learning rules such as long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and spike time-dependent plasticity. In addition, we also presented off-chip training to obtain good accuracy by backpropagation algorithm considering the synaptic weights obtained from α-Fe2O3 based artificial synaptic device. The proposed α-Fe2O3-based device was tested with the FMNIST and MNIST datasets and obtained a high pattern recognition accuracy of 88.06% and 97.6% test accuracy respectively. Such a high pattern recognition accuracy is attributed to the combination of the synaptic device performance as well as the novel weight mapping strategy used in the present work. Therefore, the ideal device characteristics and high ANN performance showed that the fabricated device can be useful for practical ANN implementation.
Cross sections in He+ + H collisions for the energy region 1–100 keV u−1
Authors: Igarashi A , Kato D
Published: March 2023

We have calculated the cross sections for the elastic, excitation, electron capture, and ionization processes in He+ + H collision using a semiclassical atomic orbital close-coupling method within two-electron treatment. The calculated data are compared with those of the experiments and previous theoretical calculations. The excitation cross sections to H(n = 2) states are in good agreements with the measurements of Geddes et al. The Balmer-alpha emission cross section of H is about half the size of the experimental data of Donnelly et al. The electron capture cross section is close to the experimental data of Lockwood et al and Olson et al. The ionization cross section is in accord with the experimental data of Hsu et al.