bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postmortem Findings in Free-Ranging North American Beavers (Castor canadensis) Reveal Potential Threats to California’s Freshwater Ecosystems
Authors: Gonzales-Viera Omar A. , Woods Leslie W. , Mete Aslı , Fritz Heather , Armien Anibal G. , Lantz Emma , Gomez-Puerta Luis A. , Famini Daniel , Sherman Jaime , Rudd Jaime L. , Camp Lauren E. , Shapiro Karen , Clifford Deana L.
Published: January 2025

North American beavers (Castor canadensis) are semi-aquatic rodents recognized as keystone species because they increase the diversity of freshwater ecosystems. This study aimed to characterize the mortality and pathological findings in free-ranging beavers in California and, based on these results, identify potential threats to freshwater ecosystems. This study included 18 beavers submitted for postmortem examination at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, UC Davis, between 2008 and 2024. Gross and microscopic examinations, and bacteriological, parasitological, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques, were used as tools to diagnose the cause of death/reason for euthanasia and comorbidities in the beavers. Baylisascaris spp.-associated or -suspected encephalitis was the most prevalent (9/18, 50%) cause of mortality/reason for euthanasia, followed by bacterial infections in six individuals. In these six animals, bacterial bronchopneumonia was diagnosed in two (Staphylococcus aureus and a mix of Gram-negative and -positive bacterial infection) and Listeria monocytogenes encephalitis, bacterial myofascitis (Aeromonas bestiarum and Pasteurella multocida), bacterial encephalitis (Acinetobacter towneri), and tularemia (Francisella tularensis) were diagnosed in one beaver each. Three animals died or were euthanized due to non-infectious causes, including motor vehicle trauma, squamous cell carcinoma, and capture cardiomyopathy. Endoparasitism was the main comorbidity, including granulomatous hepatitis caused by a suspected capillarid species, cerebral toxoplasmosis, Giardia infection, gastric nematodiasis, and cecal trematodiasis. In California, beavers are exposed to various pathogens that represent threats to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Since the interspecies transmission of these pathogens occurs in rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds, we suggest that studying beaver health can reflect freshwater ecosystem health. This study also indicates that the translocation of beavers to new areas without consideration and/or mitigation represents a potential risk of pathogen introduction.
Effect of Media Composition and Oxygen Tension on Cellular Stress Response and Nrf2 Activation in HepG2ARE Cells
Authors: Taba Rutt , Põlluaed Marie , Tein Karin , Puurand Marju , Käämbre Tuuli , Terasmaa Anton
Published: January 2025

Cell models play a central role in preclinical research aimed at the mechanism of disease and drug discovery. The outside environment of the cells, including levels of nutrients and oxygen tension, regulates cellular stress response pathways. Routinely used in vitro disease models often overlook cell growth conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting classic cell media (DMEM) with media matching the nutrient composition of human plasma (Plasmax) on cell viability, the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by different pharmacological inducers of cell stress. The cells were grown at ambient (~19%) and reduced (5%) oxygen levels. The activation of Nrf2 by ferroptosis activators (erastin and RSL3) was dependent on cell media and oxygen tension. The induction of Nrf2 by an inducer of endoplasmic reticulum stress, thapsigargin, was observable only in cells grown in DMEM and at low oxygen tension. GSH and MDA levels were elevated in Plasmax media. Results indicate that stress tolerance and the activation of Nrf2 in the HepG2ARE cell line depend on the growth conditions, including cell media and oxygen. Cell culture conditions should be critically considered when designing in vitro models of diseases involving oxidative stress.
Brazilian Stingless Bee Geopropolis Exhibit Antioxidant Properties and Anticancer Potential Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Paz Mariana Muniz da , Sette Kamila Marques , dos Santos Raissa Eduardo , Barbosa e Vasconcelos Ana Luiza , Costa Danielly C. Ferraz da , Amaral Ana Claudia F. , Rodrigues Igor Almeida , Pereira Rangel Luciana
Published: January 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cancer in terms of mortality and the sixth in incidence worldwide. Treatment varies by tumor stage, but low survival rates are common across all stages. Due to these poor outcomes, there is a critical need for new treatment options and lead compounds, prompting an active search. Geopropolis has been identified as a source of bioactive compounds with various pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects against different types of cancer. Since stingless bees may be selective for native botanical species, the geopropolis they produce can have an unusual chemical profile. In this study, we report the antioxidant properties and anticancer potential of geopropolis extracts produced by Melipona bicolor, M. marginata, and M. mondury using 2D- and 3D- cell culture models. The chemical profile of these samples using UPLC-QTOF HRMS/MS indicated ferreirin and dihydrokaempferide as the main flavonoids, along with cupressic acid and 15-acetoxyisocupressic acid as the most abundant diterpenoids. Interestingly, artepillin C, a main component of green propolis, was also detected. The geopropolis extracts showed good cell viability inhibition and selectivity indices in comparison to cisplatin used as an HCC treatment option. The antioxidant capacity of the geopropolis extracts was high and correlated with the cytotoxic effect against the HCC cells. Investigations into the mechanisms show the ability of the extracts to induce apoptosis and suppress the clonogenic potential of these cell lines. We also observed an inhibition of spheroid formation, viability, and morphology alterations. This is the first time the effects of geopropolis are described in a panel of HCC cell lines.
Predicting Phubbing Through Machine Learning: A Study of Internet Usage and Health Risks
Authors: Yalman Ayşen , Arık Mehmet Arif , Kayakuş Mehmet , Karaduman Murad , Karaduman Sibel , Yiğit Açıkgöz Fatma , Livberber Tuba , Kayan Fahrettin
Published: January 2025

Phubbing, defined as the disruption of social relationships and interactions due to excessive cell phone use, is becoming an increasing concern in modern society. Since one of the primary motivations for cell phone use is internet access, it is crucial to assess the time that individuals spend online to measure the prevalence of phubbing as a social behaviour disorder. This study aimed to better understand and evaluate the phubbing phenomenon by predicting future trends in internet usage using machine learning techniques. Four machine learning models—an artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF) regression, and time series—were employed to predict the average internet usage. Data from 2014 to 2024 were obtained from the World Bank, and cross-validation was used to enhance the reliability and accuracy of the models. All four models were successful in predicting internet usage, with the ANN showing the highest accuracy, followed by SVR, RF, and the time series. According to the data, the average daily time spent online increased from 277 min in 2014 to 417 min in 2024. Projections based on these machine learning models estimate that this figure will rise to 507 min by 2030 and 603 min by 2035. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential risks of increased phubbing behaviours on social interactions and offer a foundation for the exploration of the long-term health implications of excessive internet use. Future research could further examine the effects of phubbing on mental health and develop strategies to mitigate this social behaviour disorder.
Developmental Defects of Enamel and Dental Caries in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral Bone Disorders
Authors: Costacurta Micaela , Di Lauro Manuela , Cornali Kevin , Docimo Raffaella , Noce Annalisa
Published: January 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an extremely widespread pathology characterized by numerous metabolic alterations, including impairments of calcium–phosphorus and of vitamin D metabolisms, which lead to a condition known as CKD–mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBDs). In CKD children, this pathological condition induces anomalies in physiological growth processes, alterations in bone morphology, renal osteodystrophy and rickets. CKD-MBDs are not only associated with systemic complications but also show dental and maxillofacial manifestations in children. In fact, children affected by CKD-MBDs present defects in enamel development and dental anomalies when compared to healthy children. Therefore, the aims of this narrative review are to focus on the hard dental tissues and to investigate the possible correlation between the CKD-MBDs in children and the presence of developmental defects of enamel. In addition, the possible risk and protective factors of dental caries in CKD pediatric patients are analyzed. The review describes, with a multidisciplinary nephrological–dental approach, the pathogenic mechanisms that can cause anomalies in dental structure in CKD pediatric patients.
The Effect of Subglottic Stenosis Severity on Vocal Fold Vibration and Voice Production in Realistic Laryngeal and Airway Geometries Using Fluid–Structure–Acoustics Interaction Simulation
Authors: Bodaghi Dariush , Xue Qian , Thomson Scott , Zheng Xudong
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of subglottic stenosis (SGS) on voice production using a subject-specific laryngeal and airway model. Direct numerical simulations of fluid–structure–acoustic interaction were employed to analyze glottal flow dynamics, vocal fold vibration, and acoustics under realistic conditions. The model accurately captured key physiological parameters, including the glottal flow rate, vocal fold vibration patterns, and the first four formant frequencies. Simulations of varying SGS severity revealed that up to 75% stenosis, vocal function remains largely unaffected. However, at 90% severity, significant changes in glottal flow and acoustics were observed, with vocal fold vibration remaining stable. At 96%, severe reductions in glottal flow and acoustics, along with marked changes in vocal fold dynamics, were detected. Flow resistance, the ratio of glottal to stenosis area, and pressure drop across the vocal folds were identified as critical factors influencing these changes. The use of anatomically realistic airway and vocal fold geometries revealed that while anatomical variations minimally affect voice production at lower stenosis grades, they become critical at severe stenosis levels (>90%), particularly in capturing distinct anterior–posterior opening patterns and focused jet effects that alter glottal dynamics. These findings suggest that while simplified models suffice for analyzing mild to moderate stenosis, patient-specific geometric details are essential for accurate prediction of vocal fold dynamics in severe cases.
Exploring Circular Economy Strategies in Buildings: Evaluating Feasibility, Stakeholders Influence, and the Role of the Building Lifecycle in Effective Adoption
Authors: AlJaber Abdulaziz , Martinez-Vazquez Pedro , Baniotopoulos Charalampos
Published: January 2025

The concept of circular economy (CE) has emerged as an effective strategy for addressing resource depletion, waste generation, and environmental challenges, offering a promising path towards a more sustainable future. In the building sector, adopting CE principles can significantly mitigate environmental impacts, minimize lifecycle costs, and promote sustainability throughout a building’s lifecycle. Using a mixed-method approach via a pre-interview questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with 10 sustainability experts, this study analyses the significance of 15 CE strategies in building construction projects, assessing their importance and ranking their potential for adoption. Furthermore, this study evaluates the feasibility of applying CE principles to different building types, including storage, industrial, commercial, residential, business, and healthcare facilities. The role of lifecycle stages including initiation and planning, design, procurement, construction, operation and maintenance, and end of life is examined to identify phases with the highest potential for successfully embracing CE principles. The role of stakeholders in driving change is also analyzed. The outcomes of this study reveal that the most feasible strategies include the use of renewable energy, design for durability and longevity, prefabrication, and offsite construction. The study findings indicate that storage, industrial, and business (office) buildings are the most feasible for CE application, while the initiation and planning and design stages are identified as critical phases for embracing CE adoption. Owners and designers emerge as the stakeholders with the greatest influence on CE implementation. The results of this study provide a comprehensive overview of the feasibility of CE adoption in the building sector. These findings offer valuable insights that can inform the development of targeted strategies to support the effective adoption of CE principles.
Computational-Fluid-Dynamics-Based Optimization of Wavy-Slit Fin Geometry in Indoor Units of Air Conditioners Using Low-Global-Warming-Potential Refrigerants
Authors: Roh Jaewon , Kim Youngseo , Ahn Joon
Published: January 2025

This study explores the optimization of wavy-slit fins in the indoor units of air conditioners that use low-global-warming-potential refrigerants, with a focus on the interactions between slit length, width, and height. A response surface method was employed to analyze the trade-offs between thermal performance and pressure loss, and numerical optimization was performed using two objective functions: pumping power and volume goodness factor (Gv). The results demonstrated that optimizing the slits’ geometry significantly enhanced overall performance. For pumping power, a minimum point was observed near the design boundaries, which underscores the critical role of geometric interactions. The flow and temperature field analysis under fixed heat-duty conditions revealed substantial flow separation caused by the slits, enhanced mixing between the upper and lower surfaces, and a reduction of up to 2.05% in pumping power. In contrast, the Gv optimization model exhibited a more uniform flow, reducing flow separation beyond the pipe and improving the Gv by 1.85%, although it led to an increase in pumping power. These findings highlight the potential that tailored slit fin designs have to achieve a balanced enhancement in heat transfer and aerodynamic performance, offering valuable insights for the development of efficient, low-environmental-impact air conditioning systems.
Mechanism and Control Technology of Lateral Load-Bearing Behavior of a Support System Adjacent to Empty Roadways
Authors: Jing Yongjia , Xu Ying , Bai Jianbiao , Li Yanhui , Li Jinliang
Published: January 2025

Currently, research on the stability of roadway-side supports in gob-side entry techniques primarily focuses on vertical stress, neglecting the lateral effects induced via roof collapse and waste rock compaction in the mined-out area. This paper systematically investigates the effect of roof rotation and the compression of waste gangue on the lateral load-bearing behavior of the roadway-side support system, combining theoretical analysis with FLAC3D numerical simulations. The results indicate that the lateral load-bearing capacity of the support system is positively correlated with both mining height and the width of the roadway-side support. When the mining height or the support width is small, the lateral load-bearing capacity of the support system is weaker, making it more prone to sliding failure. Furthermore, lateral load control technology for the roadway-side support system is proposed, which includes “roof cutting + increasing width”. When the stress transfer path of the roof is blocked, as the support system width increases from 1 m to 2 m, the lateral load-bearing capacity of the roadway-side support significantly increases and then stabilizes. This results in different extents of expansion in the elastic region within the support system, providing valuable insights for the design of roadway-side supports.
Mechanism Study of Combustion Dynamics of GO@CL-20 Composite
Authors: Ao Xiaotong , Guo Zhiming , Bai Xin , He Ruining , Fu Xiaolong
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of pyrolysis products and the chemical reaction kinetics of a novel composite, GO@CL-20. The GO@CL-20 composite powder was synthesized using a solvent–non-solvent method. The thermal decomposition process of GO@CL-20 was analyzed through thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The results indicate that the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) reduces the activation energy of the sample, thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition process of the complex. Subsequently, single pulse shock tube experiments were conducted to assess ignition delay time distribution, from which corresponding data on pyrolysis product distribution for GO@CL-20 were obtained. The findings regarding ignition delay times demonstrate that adding GO decreases the energy within the complex system and mitigates its reactivity, consequently prolonging ignition delay times. An important carbon and nitrogen molecule, C2N2, was identified in the pyrolysis product distribution; notably, its yield increased progressively with higher concentrations of GO. Finally, mass transfer characteristics and sensitivity analyses for GO@CL-20 samples were performed using CHEMKIN software to preliminarily determine pyrolysis reaction pathways. The results reveal that incorporating GO can significantly alter the thermal decomposition behavior of the entire system; moreover, C2N2 exhibits a high cleavage rate along this reaction pathway—findings that align well with experimental observations. This study aims to enhance understanding of CL-20 and GO reaction kinetics—materials with extensive applications in military operations as well as aviation and aerospace—and provides valuable insights for propellant development.
Validation of the Greek Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) Rating Scale v.4 for Greek and Greek–Cypriot Children with Typical Hearing
Authors: Binos Paris , Stavrinos Georgios , Taxitari Loukia
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to adapt and validate the Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) questionnaire for Greek-speaking children aged 1 to 6 years. Key objectives included assessing the PEACH questionnaire’s reliability and validity and determining if children from Greece and Cyprus exhibit similar auditory performance, which would suggest they belong to a comparable population. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 87 children from monolingual Greek-speaking households in Greece (N = 38) and Cyprus (N = 49), all full-term with typical hearing and no cognitive or language deficits. The children’s ages ranged from 12 to 82 months. The study used an independent samples t-test to compare PEACH Overall Scores between Greek and Greek–Cypriot children. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlations for each country. Additionally, regression models examined the relationship between PEACH scores and age. Results: Greek–Cypriot children had significantly higher PEACH scores (92.09%) than Greek children (86.71%), t(85) = 2.31, p = 0.023. The Cronbach’s alpha for the Greek sample was 0.92, indicating a strong internal consistency, while the Greek–Cypriot sample had a lower alpha of 0.79, with item-total correlations ranging from 0.16 to 0.75. Normative curves showed that auditory performance in the Greek sample increased sharply until 40 months, then plateaued until 60 months. In contrast, the Greek–Cypriot sample’s scores rose sharply until 25 months and plateaued by 40 months. Conclusions: The Greek-translated PEACH questionnaire demonstrated strong reliability and construct validity for Greek children, consistent with other language adaptations. However, the Greek–Cypriot sample did not achieve similar reliability, and differences in scores suggest potential cultural, linguistic, or environmental factors impacting auditory development. These findings emphasize the importance of regional adaptations in standardized assessments. Further research is recommended to explore factors contributing to these differences for more accurate assessments of Greek-speaking children.
Correction: Aksic et al. The Neuroprotective Effect of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 in the Hippocampus of Aged Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1726
Authors: Aksic Miljana , Jakovcevski Igor , Hamad Mohammad I. K. , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Stankovic Sanja , Vulovic Maja
Published: January 2025

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Telepractice Delivery of Caregiver Coaching for Parents of School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Taiwan: A Pilot Study
Authors: Liao Ching-Yi , Chan Yuet-Yee Yumi
Published: January 2025

Parental involvement is essential in interventions aimed at enhancing communication outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research has shown that parents can effectively implement evidence-based strategies following professional coaching. However, there is a notable gap in research on the procedures of parent coaching provided to families of children with ASD in Taiwan. This study aims to evaluate a protocol for distance-delivered parent coaching focused on the implementation of evidence-based strategies for parents of children with ASD. This study employed a multiple-probe design across participants to assess both parent implementation of intervention strategies and the communication outcomes of the children involved. The results demonstrated that the online parent coaching program effectively increased parents’ use of evidence-based intervention strategies, which corresponded to measurable improvements in the target communication behaviors of children with ASD. Also, this study highlighted potential challenges, such as the influence of children’s challenging behaviors on the intensity and effectiveness of parent coaching. These findings contribute to the clinical significance of distance caregiver coaching as a possible approach to supporting families of children with ASD, particularly in underserved areas. The necessity of tailoring service intensity and incorporating culturally responsive practices for the diverse needs of families of children with ASD and effective intervention implementation is discussed in this study.
Impact of Perpetrator and Victim Gender on Perceptions of Stalking Severity
Authors: Brenik Megan , Tuluceanu Ana-Cristina , Smillie Emma , Carpes Barros Cassal Luan , Mead Caroline , Mojtahedi Dara
Published: January 2025

Many individuals will dismiss the seriousness of ex-partner stalking offences, often as a result of inaccurate and problematic beliefs about the offence (stalking myths). However, to date, stalking myth acceptance measurements have only considered attitudes about stereotypical stalking (male stalking a female). The current research considered whether inaccurate and problematic perceptions of stalking were dependent on the gender and sexuality of the perpetrator, victim, and participant. Additionally, it examined whether existing stalking myth acceptance scales measuring stereotypical stalking attitudes would predict perceptions of stalking incidents that involved female stalkers and/or male victims. Participants (N = 336) completed the stalking myth acceptance scale and then responded to a series of questions measuring their perceptions towards a stalking vignette. An independent groups design was used to manipulate the gender of the stalker and victim. The need for police intervention was greatest for incidents involving a male stalker and a female victim. Female victims of male stalking were predicted as being the most fearful, whilst male victims of female stalking were rated as least likely to be fearful. Heterosexual males and participants with minority sexual orientations were also more likely to identify the perpetrator’s actions as stalking. Finally, the SMA scales predicted participants’ attitudes for stereotypical stalking cases but not for the other scenarios. The findings demonstrate that gender plays a significant role in stalking perceptions and highlights the need for more inclusive SMA measurements to consider problematic attitudes towards non-stereotypical stalking.
Relationship Between Ethical Climate and Burnout: A New Approach Through Work Autonomy
Authors: Santiago-Torner Carlos , González-Carrasco Mònica , Miranda-Ayala Rafael
Published: January 2025

Burnout is a factor that affects organizational performance. Researchers have not determined whether an ethical climate and adequate work autonomy provide sufficient emotional stability to dampen burnout or, conversely, increase it. In addition, the abundant literature analyzing the relationship between work autonomy and burnout does not sufficiently establish whether it acts as a stress-reducing resource or a stress-increasing demand. It is also unknown to what extent work autonomy contributes to explaining the relationship between ethical climate and burnout. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to examine the relationship between an ethical climate based on principles and norms and burnout using the moderating effect of work autonomy. We approached this question using a multivariate moderation analysis. The sample consists of 448 employees in the Colombian electric sector. The results show that an ethical climate of principles and work autonomy are positively related to burnout, measured by the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. However, the relationship between an ethical climate of principles and burnout shifts from positive to negative when a rule-demanding work environment is associated with a high perception of work autonomy. In conclusion, when employees have considerable control over their usual tasks, they develop a pattern of behavior that incorporates both the organization’s internal standards and the principles that shape individual morality. In this case, employees are able to balance the workload with the high psychological demands of an ethical climate of principles, without it being a disturbance to their emotional well-being. The results of this research are particularly relevant because they show for the first time that an ethical climate of principles can have opposite effects on employee burnout, both positive and negative, depending on the degree of work autonomy. This opens the door to new strategies for organizations to prevent certain psychosocial occupational risks, such as burnout, which often have a serious impact on employees’ mental health. Moreover, the model of moderation proposed in this article can be replicated in other Latin American countries with similar characteristics to those of Colombia or even transferred to rich countries.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Pancreaticobiliary Endoscopy
Authors: Jain Aryan , Pabba Mayur , Jain Aditya , Singh Sahib , Ali Hassam , Vinayek Rakesh , Aswath Ganesh , Sharma Neil , Inamdar Sumant , Facciorusso Antonio
Published: January 2025

Pancreaticobiliary diseases can lead to significant morbidity and their diagnoses rely on imaging and endoscopy which are dependent on operator expertise. Artificial intelligence (AI) has seen a rapid uptake in the field of luminal endoscopy, such as polyp detection during colonoscopy. However, its use for pancreaticobiliary endoscopic modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and cholangioscopy remains scarce, with only few studies available. In this review, we delve into the current evidence, benefits, limitations, and future scope of AI technologies in pancreaticobiliary endoscopy.
Diagnosis and Management of Cancers in Pregnancy: The Results of a Dual Battle Between Oncological Condition and Maternal Environment—Literature Review
Authors: Dinu Mihai-Daniel , Sima Romina-Marina , Diaconescu Andrei-Sebastian , Poenaru Mircea-Octavian , Gorecki Gabriel-Petre , Amza Mihaela , Popescu Mihai , Georgescu Mihai-Teodor , Constantin Ancuta-Alina , Mihai Mara-Madalina , Toma Cristian-Valentin , Ples Liana
Published: January 2025

Cancer during pregnancy presents considerable challenges that arise from various factors, including the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications of managing cancer in this unique patient population. There is a crucial need for an integrated approach that aligns medical interventions for both the pregnant patient and the developing embryo or fetus. Furthermore, the distinct characteristics associated with each stage of gestation may significantly influence the treatment protocols that can be proposed. Due to all of these factors, the importance of collaboration among healthcare professionals from different specialties (to ensure that both mother and child receive optimal care throughout the pregnancy) is often neglected. This review is designed to provide a thorough overview of the current standard procedures regarding the diagnosis and treatment options for cancer in pregnant patients in order to ensure the safety of mother and child. Furthermore, the review describes the feasibility of current fertility preservation methods, highlights the psychological effects of cancer during pregnancy and examines the risks and benefits of breastfeeding.
Glycosylated Delphinidins Decrease Chemoresistance to Temozolomide by Regulating NF-κB/MGMT Signaling in Glioblastoma
Authors: Carrillo-Beltrán Diego , Nahuelpan Yessica , Cuevas Constanza , Fabres Karen , Silva Pamela , Zubieta Jimena , Navarro Giovanna , Muñoz Juan P. , Gleisner María A. , Salazar-Onfray Flavio , Garcia-Romero Noemi , Ayuso-Sacido Angel , Martin Rody San , Quezada-Monrás Claudia
Published: January 2025

Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis, with a median survival of only 14.6 months despite aggressive treatments. Resistance to chemotherapy, particularly temozolomide (TMZ), is a significant challenge. The DNA repair enzyme MGMT and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) often mediate this resistance. Recent studies highlight the therapeutic potential of natural compounds, particularly delphinidins, found in deep purple berries. Delphinidins are known for their ability to inhibit NF-κB signaling, a critical pathway for GB progression, chemoresistance, and MGMT expression. Our research demonstrates that glycosylated delphinidins have potential adjuvant use in the treatment of GB, offering a promising natural strategy to combat TMZ resistance. Specifically, we observed that delphinidin 3,5 di-glucoside has potent anticancer effects when used alone. Meanwhile, delphinidin 3 glucoside acted in synergy with temozolomide to decrease cell viability, highlighting its potential as an adjuvant. It also exerted a faster and more sustained inhibition of NF-κB, highlighting its potential for long-lasting therapeutic effects. These findings open new avenues for targeted therapies against glioblastoma, particularly to overcome treatment resistance.
Investigation of the Roles of the Adenosine A(2A) and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 (mGlu5) Receptors in Prepulse Inhibition and CREB Signaling in a Heritable Rodent Model of Psychosis
Authors: Cuozzo Anthony M. , Peeters Loren D. , Ahmed Cristal D. , Wills Liza J. , Gass Justin T. , Brown Russell W.
Published: January 2025

The metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGlu5) and adenosine A(2A) receptor form a mutually inhibitory heteromer with the dopamine D2 receptor, where the activation of either mGlu5 or A(2A) leads to reduced D2 signaling. This study investigated whether a mGlu5-positive allosteric modulator (PAM) or an A(2A) agonist treatment could mitigate sensorimotor gating deficits and alter cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) levels in a rodent neonatal quinpirole (NQ) model of psychosis. F0 Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with neonatal saline or quinpirole (1 mg/kg) from postnatal day 1 to 21 and bred to produce an F1 generation. F1 offspring underwent prepulse inhibition (PPI) testing from postnatal day 44 to 48 to assess sensorimotor gating. The rats were treated with mGlu5 PAM 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) benzamide (CDPPB) or A(2A) agonist CGS21680. Rats with at least one NQ-treated parent showed PPI deficits, which were alleviated by both CDPPB and CGS21680. Sex differences were noted across groups, with CGS21680 showing greater efficacy than CDPPB. Additionally, CREB levels were elevated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and both CDPPB and CGS21680 reduced CREB expression to control levels. These findings suggest that targeting the adenosinergic and glutamatergic systems alleviates sensorimotor gating deficits and abnormal CREB signaling, both of which are associated with psychosis.
Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Insomnia and Comorbid Nightmares—A Secondary Analysis of Clinical Samples with an Age Range from 0 to 18 Years
Authors: Schlarb Angelika A. , Brandhorst Isabel , Schwerdtle Barbara , Zschoche Maria , Kübler Andrea , Teichmüller Karolin
Published: January 2025

Background: Insomnia disorder in childhood and adolescence has severe implications on overall well-being and development. Age-specific treatments for insomnia disorder with cognitive behavioral interventions (CBT-I) are available and effective. Nightmare disorder also has severe consequences in children and adolescents. However, less is known about children with insomnia (I) and comorbid nightmare disorder (I + N). Methods: In this retrospective study, data from 499 children and adolescents with insomnia disorder were included. The prevalence of a comorbid nightmare disorder (I + N) was calculated within three subsamples (toddlers and preschoolers 0.5–4 years, elementary school children 5–10 years, and adolescents 11–18 years). Differences between children with insomnia (I) and those with additional nightmare disorder (I + N) regarding age, sex, family background, sleep quality (SOL, WASO, TST, and SE) based on sleep logs, behavior sleep problems (based on interviews), and behavioral problems (CBCL and YSR) were calculated within each age group. Results: The overall prevalence of additional nightmares or nightmare disorder in children or adolescents with insomnia was 15–24%. We found various clinically relevant differences between I and I + N for each age group; for example, there were more sleep onset association problems in I + N elementary school children, prolonged SOL of 56 min, and about 50 min less TST and SE of 76.8% in I + N adolescents. However, most statistical tests were not significant. Especially sleep parameters but also emotional burden were more pronounced in I + N groups than in the I groups. Toddlers and preschoolers with I + N were significantly older than those with only I, had another family situation (e.g., divorced parents) significantly more often, and I + N adolescents were statistically more often anxious and depressed. Discussion: Descriptively, I + N children and adolescents seemed to be more impaired than those with insomnia only. However, a comorbid nightmare disorder cannot be recognized by insomnia-specific sleep parameters. Therefore, diagnostic procedures for insomnia should always screen for nightmares but also other sleep disorders. If necessary, CBT-I should be supplemented with nightmare-specific interventions.
Child Amputee Prosthetics Project—Prosthesis Satisfaction Inventory (CAPP-PSI): Validation of Italian Version in Children with Upper Limb Amputation
Authors: Santecchia Luigino , Della Bella Gessica , Caspi Francesca , Luttazi Paola , Pochiero Lorenzo , Taffoni Fabrizio , Mariani Giordana , Gaudenzi Marco , Valente Donatella , Tofani Marco
Published: January 2025

Background: The Child Amputee Prosthetics Project—Prosthesis Satisfaction Inventory (CAPP-PSI) is a comprehensive instrument designed to measure satisfaction across functionality, aesthetic, and service domains. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the CAPP-PSI in an Italian pediatric population. Methods: Following international guidelines, the CAPP-PSI was translated and culturally adapted. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, while test–retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Construct validity was measured by analyzing correlations among subscales. Results: A total of 113 children with congenital or acquired upper limb amputation, accompanied by their parents, were recruited from the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital in Rome. The Italian CAPP-PSI demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.913) and strong test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.966). Subscale correlations showed strong relationships between child and parent satisfaction (r = 0.724, p < 0.01) and parent satisfaction with service (r = 0.612, p < 0.01), while moderate correlations were observed between child satisfaction and service (r = 0.434, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The Italian version of the CAPP-PSI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing prosthetic satisfaction in pediatric populations. It provides valuable insights for clinicians and researchers, supporting patient-centered care and targeted improvements in prosthetic design and services. Future studies should explore longitudinal outcomes and the role of psychosocial factors in prosthetic acceptance.
Predicting Asthma Hospitalizations from Climate and Air Pollution Data: A Machine Learning-Based Approach
Authors: Reis Jean Souza dos , Costa Rafaela Lisboa , Silva Fabricio Daniel dos Santos , de Souza Ediclê Duarte Fernandes , Cortes Taisa Rodrigues , Coelho Rachel Helena , Velasco Sofia Rafaela Maito , Neves Danielson Jorge Delgado , Sousa Filho José Firmino , Barreto Cairo Eduardo Carvalho , Cabral Júnior Jório Bezerra , dos Reis Herald Souza , Mendes Keila Rêgo , Lins Mayara Christine Correia , Ferreira Thomás Rocha , Vanderlei Mário Henrique Guilherme dos Santos , Alonso Marcelo Felix , Mariano Glauber Lopes , Gomes Heliofábio Barros , Gomes Helber Barros
Published: January 2025

This study explores the predictability of monthly asthma notifications using models built from different machine learning techniques in Maceió, a municipality with a tropical climate located in the northeast of Brazil. Two sets of predictors were combined and tested, the first containing meteorological variables and pollutants, called exp1, and the second only meteorological variables, called exp2. For both experiments, tests were also carried out incorporating lagged information from the time series of asthma records. The models were trained on 80% of the data and validated on the remaining 20%. Among the five methods evaluated—random forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN)—the RF models showed superior performance, notably those of exp1 when incorporating lagged asthma notifications as an additional predictor. Minimum temperature and sulfur dioxide emerged as key variables, probably due to their associations with respiratory health and pollution levels, emphasizing their role in asthma exacerbation. The autocorrelation of the residuals was assessed due to the inclusion of lagged variables in some experiments. The results highlight the importance of pollutant and meteorological factors in predicting asthma cases, with implications for public health monitoring. Despite the limitations presented and discussed, this study demonstrates that forecast accuracy improves when a wider range of lagged variables are used, and indicates the suitability of RF for health datasets with complex time series.
Heat-Stored Engineered Cementitious Composite Containing Microencapsulated n-Octadecane with Cenosphere Shell
Authors: Sun Huayang , Yu Kunyang , Jia Minjie , Wang Zilong , Yang Yingzi , Liu Yushi
Published: January 2025

In this study, a microencapsulated phase-change material (PCM) with an n-octadecane core and a fly ash cenosphere shell (ODE/FAC) was prepared and it was used to replace micro silica sand forming a novel kind of heat-stored engineered cementitious composite (HS-ECC). The influence of ODE/FAC content on the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting HS-ECC was investigated. It turned out that the compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile cracking strength of HS-ECC gradually decreased as the incorporation content of ODE/FAC increased, while the tensile strength and tensile strain capacity were enhanced. Moreover, the inclusion of ODE/FAC can obviously decrease the thermal conductivity of ECC, which indicates the elevated heat storage capacity. This work is significant because it provided new insights into the design of heat-stored ECC for synergistically improving the tensile properties and thermal energy storage performance.
Numerical Estimation of the Structural Integrity in an Existing Pipeline Network for the Transportation of Hydrogen Mixture in the Future
Authors: Vossou Clio , Koulocheris Dimitrios
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen is gaining attention due to its potential to address key challenges in the sectors of energy, transportation and industry, since it is a much cleaner energy source when compared to fossil fuels. The transportation of hydrogen from the point of its production to the point of use can be performed by road, rail, sea, pipeline networks or a combination of the abovementioned. Being in the preliminary stage of hydrogen use, the utilization of the already existing natural gas pipeline networks for hydrogen mixtures transportation has been suggested as an efficient means of expanding hydrogen infrastructure. Yet, exploring this alternative, major challenges such as the pre-existence of cracks in the pipelines and the effect of hydrogen embrittlement on the material of the pipelines exist. In this paper, the macroscopic numerical modeling of pipeline segments with the use of the finite element method is performed. In more details, the structural integrity of intact and damaged pipeline segments, of different geometry and mechanical properties, was estimated. The effect of the pipeline geometry and material has been investigated in terms of stress contours with and without the influence of hydrogen. The results suggest that the structural integrity of the pipeline segments is more compromised by pre-existing longitudinal cracks, which might lead to an increase in the maximum value of equivalent Von Mises stress by up to four times, depending on their length-to-thickness ratio. This effect becomes more pronounced with the existence of hydrogen in the pipeline network.
A Simple Model of Turbine Control Under Stochastic Fluctuations of Internal Parameters
Authors: Borzunov Sergei V. , Semenov Mikhail E. , Zybin Eugene Y. , Zheltov Sergey Y. , Kosyanchuk Vladislav V. , Barsukov Andrey I.
Published: January 2025

This article considers a model of a wind power generation system. It is assumed that the wind torque is transmitted to the generator via a gear. At the same time, the gear itself can have backlash with stochastic parameters. This kind of nonlinearity simulates an inevitable aging and wear of the mechanical parts of wind power generation systems over time. The purpose of the study was to identify a control system that would allow for establishing and maintaining the stability of the desired characteristics. The control system is formalized in the form of a second-order linear system. Numerical experiments demonstrated that the suggested control system is robust to stochastic perturbations resulting from both external and internal factors.
Machine Learning Approaches for Speech-Based Alzheimer’s Detection: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Sharafeldeen Ahmed , Keowen Justin , Shaffie Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impairs cognitive functions, leading to memory loss and other behavioral changes. It is the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, with millions of people affected. Early and accurate detection of AD is critical for improving patient outcomes and slowing disease progression. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models have demonstrated significant potential for detecting AD using patient’s speech signals, as subtle changes in speech patterns, such as reduced fluency, pronunciation difficulties, and cognitive decline, can serve as early indicators of the disease, offering a non-invasive and cost-effective method for early diagnosis. This survey paper provides a comprehensive review of the current literature on the application of ML and DL techniques for AD detection through the analysis of a patient’s speech signal, utilizing various acoustic and textual features. Moreover, it offers an overview of the changes in the brain caused by the disease, associated risk factors, publicly available datasets, and future directions for leveraging ML and DL in the detection of AD.
Accelerated Corrosion Test of Ceramic Recycled Gradient Concrete in Saline Soil Environment
Authors: Peng Kuan , Li Heyuqiu , Li Yaping , Zhou Mingquan
Published: January 2025

Given the problem that steel bar corrosion easily causes cracking of recycled concrete in saline soil areas of Western China, a kind of ceramic recycled gradient concrete is proposed. The polarization curves of steel bars were measured after cracking. The corrosion products of steel bars were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy spectrometry (XPS). The mass fraction of corrosion products was calculated. The volume expansion rate of corrosion products was calculated using the Eighted-Averaging method. The results show that N-60 group ceramic regenerated gradient concrete has the best resistance to corrosion and expansion. The main components of steel corrosion products are Fe3O4, FeOOH, and Fe2O3, which are consistent with the products under natural conditions, and the content of Fe2O3 in the products is the highest. Based on the polarization curves and corrosion expansion rate of steel bars after corrosion, it can be inferred that in a saline soil environment, corrosion products are mainly composed of Fe3O4, FeOOH, and Fe2O3. An electric accelerated corrosion steel bar can simulate the corrosion condition in a natural environment and has good applicability.
Luminescence Investigation of BaMgF4 Ceramics Under VUV Synchrotron Excitation
Authors: Zhunusbekov Amangeldy M. , Strelkova Assel V. , Karipbayev Zhakyp T. , Kumarbekov Kuat K. , Akilbekov Abdirash , Kassymkhanova Raigul N. , Kassymzhanov Murat T. , Smortsova Yevheniia , Popov Anatoli I.
Published: January 2025

The luminescence properties of BaMgF4 ceramics synthesized using electron beam-assisted synthesis were investigated under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron excitation at a cryogenic temperature of T = 9 K. Their excitation spectra, measured over the 4–10.8 eV range, and corresponding luminescence spectra revealed a complex multicomponent structure with emission maxima at 3.71, 3.55, 3.33, 3, and ~2.8 eV. The primary luminescence band at 330 nm was attributed to self-trapped excitons (STE) excited near the band edge (9.3–9.7 eV), indicating interband transitions and subsequent excitonic relaxation. Bands at 3 and ~2.8 eV were associated with defect states efficiently excited at 6.45 eV, 8 eV and high-energy transitions near 10.3 eV. The excitation spectrum showed distinct maxima at 5, 6.45, and 8 eV, which were interpreted as excitations of defect-related states. These results highlight the interplay between interband transitions, excitonic processes, and defect-related luminescence, which defines the complex dynamics of BaMgF4 ceramics. These findings confirm that radiation synthesis introduces defect centers influencing luminescent properties, making BaMgF4 a promising material for VUV and UV applications.