bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Evaluate the Efficacy of Manipulations in Spine Disorders—A Comprehensive Review of New and Traditional Outcome Measures
Authors: Farì Giacomo , Mariconda Carlo , Dell’Anna Laura , Quarta Francesco , Donati Danilo , Sconza Cristiano , Ricci Vincenzo , Varrassi Giustino , Coco Valeria , Manelli Alessandro , Spadini Ennio , Giglio Maria Teresa , Bernetti Andrea
Published: August 2024

Spine pain (SP) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder that causes transitional forms of motor disability. Considering its affordability and safety, manipulative therapy (MT) stands as one of the primary therapeutic approaches for SP and the related dysfunctional consequences. However, it is still difficult to assess and quantify the results of this treatment since there is a lack of objective evaluation tools in the available scientific literature. Thus, the purpose of this comprehensive review is to summarize the main outcomes used to evaluate the effectiveness of spine manipulations, focusing on their strengths and weaknesses. An extensive review of the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases was performed to identify the literature of the last ten years regarding MT and the related assessment tools. A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. The analyzed literature indicates that a wide range of outcome measures have been used to assess the effectiveness of spine MT. Pain is the main aspect to be investigated but it remains difficult to elucidate since it is strongly linked to various dimensions such as self-perception and psychological aspects. Therefore, it seems necessary to include new tools for evaluating the effects of spine MT, with the aim of exploiting new technologies and taking into consideration the SP biomechanical and biopsychosocial aspects.
The Influence of Fishers’ Behavior on Recreational Fishing Dynamics and Catch: Insights from a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon
Authors: Stocco Alice , Gorgosalice Pietro , Anelli Monti Marco , Caccin Alberto , Pranovi Fabio
Published: August 2024

Recreational fishing is practiced by thousands of people in European coastal waters and is steadily gaining popularity. Serving multiple purposes, recreational fishing provides fresh fish for meals, offers leisure, and contributes to traditional ecological knowledge, especially at the local level. Therefore, analyzing its dynamics and catch is a complex task, since they not only depend on the environmental features but also on the behavior of fishers. In coastal areas, however, most recreational fishers remain unmonitored, making it difficult to obtain data on their impact on fish stocks. This is particularly evident in the Venice lagoon, where we conducted a comprehensive study aiming to characterize recreational fishing dynamics. We collected data through interviews, online questionnaires, and remote sensing techniques, including satellite imagery photointerpretation and machine learning algorithms. Our findings reveal spatial and temporal variations in fishing activity, with certain areas and times experiencing higher fishing pressure. This highlights a seasonality in fishing activity and a pattern in fishers’ behaviors that are associated with fish migratory dynamics. Such an association demonstrates the local fishers’ understanding of the fish lifecycle phases and the environmental conditions of the lagoon. Regarding the catch, the most targeted species are seabream (Sparus aurata), seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), with estimated total catches of 18.65 t per year, 15.82 t per year, and 8.36 t per year, respectively. However, our results showed a significant disproportion between the biomass caught by two different groups of fishers that differ in terms of fishing trip frequency, success rate, and catch. While the average catch of the first group, representing most recreational fishers, might be considered of low impact, the catch of the second group, encompassing recreational fishers who fish with very high frequency and efficiency, is substantial in the context of the lagoon ecosystem. Indeed, even considering a conservative estimate, recreational fishing in the Venice lagoon accounted for approximately 2% of the catch of cuttlefish and 17% of the catch of seabream compared to commercial fishing catch, whereas the catch of seabass by recreational fishing approached that of commercial fishing. Therefore, the implementation of a periodic monitoring program utilizing methods such as machine learning algorithms and remote sensing technologies could support the management of recreational fishing dynamics. We also suggest that participatory processes involving both professional and recreational fishers may aid in defining shared approaches and bottom–up initiatives, ensuring enjoyment as well as sustainable uses of coastal areas.
Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu0.3Cr2Fe2Ni3Mn2Nbx High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Guo Fuqiang , Wang Chunyan , Ren Bo
Published: August 2024

The effects of heat treatment temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu0.3Cr2Fe2Ni3Mn2Nbx high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were studied. Results indicate that in the as-cast state, an Nb0 alloy is composed of a single FCC phase, and a Laves phase gradually forms as Nb content increases. After heat treatment at 800 °C, BCC solid solution phases rich in Cr, Fe, and Mn form in all alloys. The BCC phases in the Nb0.2 and Nb0.4 alloys decompose after heat treatment at 900 and 1000 °C, respectively, and the microhardness of the as-cast Cu0.3Cr2Fe2Ni3Mn2Nbx HEAs increases from 127 to 203 HV with increasing Nb content. After heat treatment, the microhardness of the alloys considerably improves, and the Nb0.4 alloy has the highest microhardness after heat treatment at 800 °C (approximately 346 HV). After heat treatment at 900 and 1000 °C, the microhardness of the three alloys decreases. The yield strength of the as-cast Cu0.3Cr2Fe2Ni3Mn2Nbx HEAs increases with Nb content and shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing heat treatment temperature. The strengthening mechanism of the heat-treated alloys is mainly attributed to the second-phase strengthening of the Laves phase and the solid solution strengthening of the BCC phase.
Clinical Analysis of the Influence of Surface Roughness in the Primary Stability and Osseointegration of Dental Implants: Study in Humans
Authors: da Silva Brum Igor , Elias Carlos Nelson , Lopes João Carlos Amorim , Frigo Lucio , dos Santos Paulo Gonçalo Pinto , de Carvalho Jorge José
Published: August 2024

In past decades, the success rates of the first dental implant treatments were low (75%). Nowadays, oral rehabilitation with titanium dental implants has a high success rate (95%–98%). The success rate significantly increases due to increased scientific knowledge about osseointegration, changes in surgical techniques, and the development of implant surface treatments. Despite the high success rate of implants, there are no protocols to define the time for the prosthesis to be installed, the insertion torque, and the prosthesis loaded after surgery. This work compares a new dental implant’s primary (mechanical) and secondary (osseointegration) stability. Dental implants with micro- and nano-roughness surfaces were placed in 24 patients with a minimum of 35 N·cm and a maximum of 60 N·cm. Primary stability was quantified with a torque wrench and an Ostell Mentor Device. The secondary stability 45 and 60 days after surgery was measured with Ostell. The results showed no statistical difference in secondary stability at 45 and 60 days postoperatively among implants. The success rate of dental implants can be associated with the surface morphology with micro- and nano-roughness, the insertion torque value, and the shape of the implant threads. When the manufacturer’s guidelines are followed, it is possible to prosthetically rehabilitate the patient with an implant 45 days after surgery.
Influence of Mixing and Standing Times on the Rheological Properties and Performance of Coatings for Lost Foam Shell Casting
Authors: Sun Guojin , Wang Qi , Luan Shiyu
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the rheological properties and performance of coatings used in lost foam shell casting, focusing on the influence of mixing and standing times. The experimental procedure involved systematically preparing coatings by varying the mixing times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) to assess the dispersion of particles and the subsequent standing times (1, 7, 11, 24, 40, and 48 h) to evaluate the stability of the mixture. A rotational viscometer was utilized to measure the viscosity and shear stress of the coatings under different conditions. The results indicate a significant decrease in viscosity with increasing mixing time, stabilizing after 50 min due to the uniform dispersion of solid particles and shear-thinning behavior. Conversely, the viscosity initially increases with prolonged standing time as the binder’s molecular chains reform, reaching a peak before gradually decreasing. The optimal performance of the coatings, characterized by stable viscosity and consistent rheological properties, was achieved with a mixing time of at least 50 min and a standing time not exceeding 40 h. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing the preparation and application processes of coatings, ensuring enhanced efficiency and quality in lost foam shell casting.
Holobiont Rebalancing by a Natural Gentian Extract on a Skin Dehydration Model
Authors: Roux Lauriane N. , Dreux-Zigha Assia , Rey Célia , Boutot Carine , Laurent Yoan , Beytur Sercan , Metton Isabelle , Abraham Jean-Daniel , Berthon Jean-Yves
Published: August 2024

Human skin homeostasis is partly maintained by a complex microscopic ecosystem known as the microbiota. Together, the skin host and microbiota form a synergistic evolutionary unit referred to as ‘skin holobiont’, which can be modulated by various stresses. By extracting organic wild yellow gentian roots enhanced through fermentation of a rare and resistant bacterium, Sphingomonas faeni, a cosmetic active ingredient was developed to rebalance the holobiont functions as well as hydric and lipidic skin content. Indeed, gentian-fermented extract (GFE) boosts hyaluronic acid (HA) biosynthesis in vitro, stimulates the HA receptor, CD44, and allows water storage and retention through its signaling cascade by epidermal reinforcement. Importantly, GFE also increases lipid synthesis by +147% in vitro, which was confirmed clinically on volunteers with dehydrated and dry skin who presented an increase in hydration and skin surface lipids after 28 days of treatment. Furthermore, a metaproteomic study highlighted that there is a slow-down of skin barrier and antioxidant proteins from both human and microbial origins, with age and dehydration, that can be reversed by GFE after 56 days. In conclusion, acting on the HA metabolism and specific microbiota species, GFE rebalances the skin holobiont for a reinforced and rehydrated skin with optimal lipid content.
Mechanisms for Enhancing Luminescence Yield in KBr Crystals under the Influence of Low-Temperature Uniaxial Elastic Deformation
Authors: Shunkeyev Kuanyshbek , Sagimbayeva Shynar , Ubaev Zhiger , Kenzhebayeva Adelya
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the radiative relaxation of electronic excitations through luminescence spectroscopy techniques applied to high-purity KBr crystals subjected to low-temperature (85 K) uniaxial deformation along the <100> and <110> crystallographic directions. Results demonstrate that the most significant enhancement in the intensity of σ-(4.42 eV) and π-(2.3 eV) luminescence from self-trapped excitons in KBr crystals occurs with elastic deformation along the <110> direction, aligning with the axis of the hole component of the anion self-trapped exciton. Deformation-induced changes in X-ray, tunneling, and thermally stimulated luminescence spectra reveal a new band, denoted as Ex, peaking at approximately 3.58 eV, attributed to tunneling charge exchange between the F’- and VK-centers in their ground state.
Production of an Ice Cream Base with Added Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Aguamiel Syrup: Probiotic Viability and Antihypertensive Capacity
Authors: Hernández-Riveros Edward , Olvera-Rosales Laura Berenice , Jaimez-Ordaz Judith , Pérez-Escalante Emmanuel , Contreras-López Elizabeth , Cruz-Guerrero Alma Elizabeth , González-Olivares Luis Guillermo
Published: August 2024

Given the rising interest in functional foods for health benefits, this study aims to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of an ice cream base incorporating Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and aguamiel syrup. We assessed the probiotic viability and ACE inhibitory activity in ice cream enriched with aguamiel syrup compared to inulin. Several reports have highlighted the importance of consuming symbiotic dairy foods to modulate the intestinal microbiota and multiple pathophysiologies. Ice cream has a high worldwide consumption rate, so it is an alternative to incorporating probiotics and prebiotics. The probiotic was inoculated (109 CFU/mL) into an ice cream base enriched with aguamiel syrup and a control base with added inulin. The carbohydrate profiles in the aguamiel (used to produce the syrup) and the aguamiel syrup were obtained through HPLC. TNBS and SDS-PAGE analysis were used to determine the proteolytic action of the probiotic. Sucrose was the carbohydrate with the highest concentration in fresh aguamiel and aguamiel syrup. The probiotic remained viable for 14 days under refrigerated storage conditions, with the aguamiel syrup base showing superior protein hydrolysis (free amino groups 302.67 ± 2.29 µg/mL) and 65% ACE inhibition. Likewise, the pH remained unchanged throughout the refrigerated days. These results underscore the potential of aguamiel syrup as a prebiotic in functional dairy products.
Assessing the Efficacy of the Spectrum-Aided Vision Enhancer (SAVE) to Detect Acral Lentiginous Melanoma, Melanoma In Situ, Nodular Melanoma, and Superficial Spreading Melanoma
Authors: Lin Teng-Li , Lu Chun-Te , Karmakar Riya , Nampalley Kalpana , Mukundan Arvind , Hsiao Yu-Ping , Hsieh Shang-Chin , Wang Hsiang-Chen
Published: August 2024

Skin cancer is the predominant form of cancer worldwide, including 75% of all cancer cases. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the spectrum-aided visual enhancer (SAVE) in detecting skin cancer. This paper presents the development of a novel algorithm for snapshot hyperspectral conversion, capable of converting RGB images into hyperspectral images (HSI). The integration of band selection with HSI has facilitated the identification of a set of narrow band images (NBI) from the RGB images. This study utilizes various iterations of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) machine learning (ML) framework to assess the precision, recall, and mean average precision in the detection of skin cancer. YOLO is commonly preferred in medical diagnostics due to its real-time processing speed and accuracy, which are essential for delivering effective and efficient patient care. The precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP) of the SAVE images show a notable enhancement in comparison to the RGB images. This work has the potential to greatly enhance the efficiency of skin cancer detection, as well as improve early detection rates and diagnostic accuracy. Consequently, it may lead to a reduction in both morbidity and mortality rates.
Unveiling the Unexplored Multifactorial Potential of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid in Diabetic Wound Therapy
Authors: Sanapalli Bharat Kumar Reddy , Deshpande Ashwini , Sanapalli Vidyasrilekha , Sigalapalli Dilep Kumar
Published: August 2024

Diabetic wounds (DWs) are considered chronic complications observed in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Usually, DWs originate from the interplay of inflammation, oxidation, impaired tissue re-epithelialization, vasculopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, all of which are related to insulin resistance and sensitivity. The conventional approaches available for the treatment of DWs are mainly confined to the relief of wound pressure, debridement of the wound, and management of infection. In this paper, we speculate that treatment of DWs with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and subsequent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) via the AhR pathway might be highly beneficial for DW patients. This estimation is based on several lines of evidence showing that 5-ASA and PPAR-γ activation are involved in the restoration of insulin sensitivity, re-epithelialization, and microcirculation. Additionally, 5-ASA and TGF-β activate inflammation and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Suitable stabilized formulations of 5-ASA with high absorption rates are indispensable for scrutinizing its probable pharmacological benefits since 5-ASA is known to possess lower solubility profiles because of its reduced permeability through skin tissue. In vitro and in vivo studies with stabilized formulations and a control (placebo) are mandatory to determine whether 5-ASA indeed holds promise for the curative treatment of DWs.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Combined Treatment with Intravaginal Diazepam and Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in Patients with Vulvodynia by Ultrasound Monitoring of Biometric Parameters of Pelvic Muscles: A Pilot Study
Authors: Merlino Lucia , Ciminello Enrico , Volpicelli Agnese Immacolata , Tillier Stefano , Pasquali Marianna Francesca , Dominoni Mattia , Gardella Barbara , Senatori Roberto , Dionisi Barbara , Piccioni Maria Grazia
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: Vulvodynia is characterized by vulvar pain for at least three months and may have related variables, one of these being pelvic floor hypertonus. The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of two weekly sessions of pelvic floor rehabilitation and 5 mg of vaginal diazepam daily vs. pelvic floor rehabilitation alone in individuals with vulvodynia. (2) Methods: A single-center, not-blind, randomized study enrolled 20 vulvodynic patients: A total of 10 were treated with dual therapy (intravaginal diazepam and pelvic floor rehabilitation), and 10 were treated with only pelvic floor rehabilitation. All of them underwent a pelvic floor ultrasound examination and VAS pain and Marinoff scale assessments before the beginning of therapy as well as three and six months later. (3) Results: The elevator plate angle ranged from 8.2 to 9.55 (p = 0.0005), hiatal area diameter ranged from 1.277 to 1.482 (p = 0.0002), levator symphysis distance ranged from 3.88 to 4.098 (p = 0.006), anorectal angle ranged from 121.9 to 125.49 (p = 0.006), Marinoff scale ranged from 2.3 to 1.4 (p = 0.009), and VAS scale ranged from 5.8 to 2.8 (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates that the suggested treatment improves the hypertonicity of the pelvic floor, as measured by ultrasound parameters, correlating with a reduction in symptomatology.
Hybrid Machine Learning for Automated Road Safety Inspection of Auckland Harbour Bridge
Authors: Rathee Munish , Bačić Boris , Doborjeh Maryam
Published: August 2024

The Auckland Harbour Bridge (AHB) utilises a movable concrete barrier (MCB) to regulate the uneven bidirectional flow of daily traffic. In addition to the risk of human error during regular visual inspections, staff members inspecting the MCB work in diverse weather and light conditions, exerting themselves in ergonomically unhealthy inspection postures with the added weight of protection gear to mitigate risks, e.g., flying debris. To augment visual inspections of an MCB using computer vision technology, this study introduces a hybrid deep learning solution that combines kernel manipulation with custom transfer learning strategies. The video data recordings were captured in diverse light and weather conditions (under the safety supervision of industry experts) involving a high-speed (120 fps) camera system attached to an MCB transfer vehicle. Before identifying a safety hazard, e.g., the unsafe position of a pin connecting two 750 kg concrete segments of the MCB, a multi-stage preprocessing of the spatiotemporal region of interest (ROI) involves a rolling window before identifying the video frames containing diagnostic information. This study utilises the ResNet-50 architecture, enhanced with 3D convolutions, within the STENet framework to capture and analyse spatiotemporal data, facilitating real-time surveillance of the Auckland Harbour Bridge (AHB). Considering the sparse nature of safety anomalies, the initial peer-reviewed binary classification results (82.6%) for safe and unsafe (intervention-required) scenarios were improved to 93.6% by incorporating synthetic data, expert feedback, and retraining the model. This adaptation allowed for the optimised detection of false positives and false negatives. In the future, we aim to extend anomaly detection methods to various infrastructure inspections, enhancing urban resilience, transport efficiency and safety.
A Full Calibration Approach on a Drone-Borne Platform for HF Antenna Measurements in Smart Grid Energy Facilities
Authors: Pastorcici Marius , Constantin Andreea , Heiman Adelaida , Tamas Razvan D.
Published: August 2024

Emerging data processing techniques brought back into attention the HF range communication as an interesting alternative to third-party solutions for IoT applications, such as data transmission in distributed energy production facilities. The physical size of HF antennas, often comparable to the surrounding objects, require in situ radiation measurements resulting in site-customized antenna design and positioning, and consequently in a higher reliability of such HF grid communications. Drone-borne measuring systems are already known as a flexible solution, but are mostly restricted to higher frequency ranges where full-wave, wide-band probes are feasible. In this work, we propose to use an electrically small, folded dipole as a probe for drone-borne measurements on HF antennas. We also propose a calibration approach for the effects related to the near-field zone, and to the drone body proximity; corrections on these two effects are the key methodological steps. We show that despite a realized gain figure in the order of −20 dBi, such a probe can provide stable results for near-field measurements, even at input power levels as low as 1 mW. Compared to other similar approaches, our configuration provides a wider frequency band of operation, higher stability in terms of pattern diagram, and a lower cost.
Disturbance Compensator Design Based on Dilated LMI for Linear Parameter-Varying Systems
Authors: İnci Mustafa , Altun Yusuf
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a new dilated linear matrix inequality (LMI) representation to design a state feedback controller and a dynamic feedforward disturbance compensator for linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. The improved LMIs are convex and finite-dimensional without any iterative approach. The designs are based on a new proposed equivalent bounded real lemma (BRL) by means of matrix dilation for LPV systems and uncertain linear systems under time-varying parametric uncertainties (TVPUs). This dilated BRL provides lower conservative results than existing methods in terms of robust stability. Accordingly, a dynamic disturbance compensator is designed in addition to a state feedback controller. This paper mainly focuses on the design of compensators against disturbances in addition to the design of state feedback controllers. The dynamic matrices of the compensator change with the time-varying parameters of the LPV or uncertain system during operation, assuming that the disturbances and the parameters are measurable or observable. The compensator can be designed to attenuate the disturbances/noises or to improve reference tracking. Finally, numerical and simulation outcomes are presented to prove both the effectiveness and lower conservativeness of the proposed LMIs.
A Doublet State Palladium(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex as a Dopant and Stabilizer for Improved Photostability in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: El Astal-Quirós Aliah , Carrarini Valentina , Zarotti Francesca , Rahman Atiq Ur , Lledós Agustí , Yebra Cristina G. , de Jesús Ernesto , Reale Andrea
Published: August 2024

The effect of doublet state metalloradical complex in a solar cell inside the common active layer poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PC60BM) is explored. In this work, it is demonstrated that the role of the bis-[1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dichloroimidazol-2-ylidene]palladium(I) hexafluoridophosphate dopant, [Pd(IPrCl)2][PF6], is crucial because the presence of a stable unpaired electron in the molecule significantly improves the optoelectronic performance of the device. We f the optimal concentration of this molecule in the active layer and demonstrate that the presence of this additive in the active layer helps to significantly improve the morphology of the device. The improvements in optoelectronic and morphological parameters are associated with a remarkable increase in photocurrent generation due to more favorable mechanisms of charge separation at the donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces of the active layer and reduced recombinations. Moreover, the presence of this additive improves the stability of the unencapsulated solar cell against photochemical degradation produced by sunlight.
Sparrow Search Algorithm Based on New Energy Power Hydrogen Synthesis Ammonia Economic Optimization of System Scheduling
Authors: Liu Jingchao , Chen Yue , Yu Jiqing , Wang Huisheng , Zhang Liyan , Li Biao , Cheng Linsheng , Liu Xianhai , Wang Guinan , Li Yiyao , Wan Qingzhu
Published: August 2024

P2A (Power to ammonia) is one of the important ways of large-scale consumption of renewable energy, and one of the important technological routes for the chemical industry to realize low-carbon and clean development. The new off-grid energy power to hydrogen ammonia system lacks the support of large power grids due to the complex mathematical model of the system, more variables, and cumbersome constraints, which leads to model solving difficulties, and the production simulation results obtained suffer from the problems of low economic efficiency and high new energy power abandonment rate. To address the shortcomings of the algorithm, which converges slowly and easily falls into the local optimum when solving the model, this paper applies the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) to the problem of economic optimization of new energy hydrogen synthesis and ammonia system scheduling. Firstly, based on the characteristics of wind and light, the operating characteristics of an electrolyzer, and the characteristics of an electrochemical energy storage device, and taking the economic optimization of the electric hydrogen synthesis ammonia system as the objective function, the economic optimization scheduling model of an off-grid new energy electric hydrogen synthesis ammonia system is established for 24 h production simulation. Secondly, the model is solved based on the sparrow search algorithm, and the speed of solving and the economic benefits of the system are analyzed in comparison with the conventional algorithm. Finally, the proposed off-grid wind-powered hydrogen synthesis ammonia system based on the sparrow search algorithm is verified to achieve the optimal operation of the 24 h production simulation through an actual example in the Daan area of Baicheng City, Jilin Province, which shows that the optimized system has better economic efficiency and the new energy is completely consumed, thus verifying the reasonableness and validity of the algorithm proposed in this article.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Are They as Good as They Seem? A Systematic Review of Severe Adverse Effects
Authors: Sharma Pranjal , Buddhavarapu Venkata , Dhillon Gagandeep , Verma Ram Kishun , Devadoss Ramprakash , Raynor James , Munjal Ripudaman , Grewal Harpreet , Kashyap Rahul
Published: August 2024

As obesity evolves as a global pandemic, the use of drugs to treat it is booming. The latest among these are Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Along with their use, the incidence of adverse events has become more common. Although severe effects have been mentioned, details and associations are unclear regarding some of them. We performed a systematic review of studies related to GLP-1 RA drugs. Drugs that have been the subject of at least three studies meeting all our criteria were included. Analysis of GLP-1 RA therapies across eight studies, involving 4422 subjects, indicated varying rates of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs). Semaglutide demonstrated an SAE incidence of 8.9%, compared to 6.2% for Liraglutide. These results were not statistically significant. For both drugs, no clear association with pancreatitis or neoplasm was established. Discontinuation rates due to adverse effects were 10.3% for Semaglutide and 8.3% for Liraglutide. Severe adverse effects with GLP-1 RA use are not uncommon, and warrant further close monitoring when patients are started on treatment. Further studies are required to analyze the difference between the adverse effect profiles of each drug and to assess whether or not each of these severe adverse effects is dose dependent.
The Nutritional Quality of the Culture Medium Influences the Survival of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Co-Cultured with Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Acosta-García Erick D. , Soto-Cruz Nicolás O. , Valdivia-Hernández Edwin A. , Rojas-Contreras Juan A. , Moreno-Jiménez Martha R. , Páez-Lerma Jesús B.
Published: August 2024

Yeast-yeast interactions have been studied mainly using wine yeasts. However, studies are rare for native yeasts from agave juice fermentation. Therefore, this work used strains isolated from the alcoholic fermentation of agave to study the survival of non-Saccharomyces yeasts co-cultivated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in media of different nutritional qualities. First, the feasibility of using simple and low-cost culture media was demonstrated to study the interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts. The results presented here demonstrated the antagonistic effect exerted by S. cerevisiae on Torulaspora delbrueckii, which showed a more significant loss of viability. However, the nutritional composition of the culture medium also influences this effect. It was clear that a nutritionally rich medium improved the survival of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Lastly, the change in the survival of non-Saccharomyces yeasts also entails a variation in the concentration and diversity of minor volatile compounds produced during fermentation. This was observed in the variety and relative abundance of compounds belonging to the most numerous chemical families, such as alcohols, esters, and terpenes.
Eugenol-Rich Essential Oils from Flower Buds and Leaves of Syzygium aromaticum Show Antifungal Activity against Candida and Cryptococcus Species
Authors: Momo Evariste Josué , Nguimatsia François , Ateufouet Ngouango Laure , Lunga Paul Keilah , Pone Kamdem Boniface , Jazet Dongmo Pierre Michel
Published: August 2024

Plants from the Myrtaceae family are known to contain considerable quantities of volatile compounds, ranging from oxygenated monoterpenes to hydrogenated sesquiterpenes, and others, which exhibit antimicrobial activity. One such plant includes Syzygium aromaticum, which has been extensively used to treat a number of disorders, including bacterial and fungal infections. Thus, the scientific validation of the essential oil (EO) of Syzygium aromaticum vis-à-vis Candida and Cryptococcus species is valuable. To this end, the present study sought to investigate the antifungal activity of EO from S. aromaticum (clove) leaves and flower buds against Candida and Cryptococcus species. The antioxidant activity of S. aromaticum’s essential oils was also elucidated. The EO was extracted from fresh leaves and floral buds of S. aromaticum using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The as-prepared essential oils were further evaluated for antifungal activity against Candida and Cryptococcus species using a microdilution method. The phytochemical analysis of the EOs was assessed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activities of the EOs were evaluated using standard methods. As a result, the GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of volatile compounds, such as eugenol (87.08%), β-caryophyllene (6.40%) and acetyleugenol (4.45%) as the major constituents of EO from the flower buds, and eugenol (90.54%) and β-caryophyllene (8.42%) as the major components of the leaf’s EO. The eugenol-rich essential oils exhibited significant antifungal effects against Candida species (common MIC value: 200 ppm) and Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC value: 50 ppm), as well as antioxidant activity. Overall, essential oils of S. aromaticum demonstrated antioxidant and antifungal effects, thus validating the ethnopharmacological use of this plant in the treatment of fungal infections. However, antifungal mechanisms of action, in-depth toxicity and in vivo experiments, and pharmacokinetics are warranted to support the use of this plant in ethnomedicine.
Recent Progress in Gene-Targeting Therapies for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Haque Umme Sabrina , Yokota Toshifumi
Published: August 2024

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe genetic disorder characterized by the loss of motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle weakness, loss of mobility, and respiratory complications. In its most severe forms, SMA can result in death within the first two years of life if untreated. The condition arises from mutations in the SMN1 (survival of motor neuron 1) gene, causing a deficiency in the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Humans possess a near-identical gene, SMN2, which modifies disease severity and is a primary target for therapies. Recent therapeutic advancements include antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small molecules targeting SMN2, and virus-mediated gene replacement therapy delivering a functional copy of SMN1. Additionally, recognizing SMA’s broader phenotype involving multiple organs has led to the development of SMN-independent therapies. Evidence now indicates that SMA affects multiple organ systems, suggesting the need for SMN-independent treatments along with SMN-targeting therapies. No single therapy can cure SMA; thus, combination therapies may be essential for comprehensive treatment. This review addresses the SMA etiology, the role of SMN, and provides an overview of the rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape, highlighting current achievements and future directions.
Comprehensive Analysis of Environmental Monitoring Data from the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (NMMI) of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)
Authors: Boersma Hendrikus H. , Woerdenbag Mirte M. , Mulder Sascha , Poiesz Tirza W. T. , Bekhof Lucas B. S. , Tholen Hein T. , Luurtsema Gert , Lub-de Hooge Marjolijn N. , Giesen Danique , Woerdenbag Herman J.
Published: August 2024

Environmental monitoring (EM) is the cornerstone for the assurance of sterility during aseptic manufacturing. In this study, the EM quality aspects in the radiopharmaceutical cleanrooms of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands, were evaluated. Hereto, data obtained from EM over the period 2010–2022 were analyzed. The data were sorted according to the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) classification of the respective premises with their corresponding limits, and frequencies of excursions were determined per location. The frequency of conducted measurements gradually increased between the start and end of the assessed period. There was a trend of increased action limit excursions observed between 2010–2022. We found that EM in grade A areas appeared to be significantly less compliant with GMP specifications than the combined data from all sampled premises at the facility (p < 0.00001; two-sided Fisher’s exact test). A trend was found for reduced action limit excursions for passive air sampling and particle counting, suggesting improved GMP compliance over time for this specific type of EM. The contamination recovery rate (CRR) found for cleanroom conditions, around 10%, was considered sufficient. From this comprehensive data analysis, we learn that, in order to be fully compliant with the requirements set in the recent revision of EU (European Union)-GMP Annex 1 ‘Manufacture of sterile medicinal products’ (in force as of 25 August 2023), strategies to further improve product protection are justified. For example, improved cleaning and disinfection procedures, more efficient working methods as well as optimization of the conditions under which aseptic manufacturing is performed are to be considered.
Molecular Insights into Adhesion at Interface of Geopolymer Binder and Cement Mortar
Authors: Kasprzhitskii Anton S. , Kruglikov Alexander A.
Published: August 2024

The degradation of concrete and reinforced concrete structures is a significant technical and economic challenge, requiring continuous repair and rehabilitation throughout their service life. Geopolymers (GPs), known for their high mechanical strength, low shrinkage, and durability, are being increasingly considered as alternatives to traditional repair materials. However, there is currently a lack of understanding regarding the interface bond properties between new geopolymer layers and old concrete substrates. In this paper, using advanced computational techniques, including quantum mechanical calculations and stochastic modeling, we explored the adsorption behavior and interaction mechanism of aluminosilicate oligomers with different Si/Al ratios forming the geopolymer gel structure and calcium silicate hydrate as the substrate at the interface bond region. We analyzed the electron density distributions of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, examined the reactivity indices based on electron density functional theory, performed Mulliken charge population analysis, and evaluated global reactivity descriptors for the considered oligomers. The results elucidate the mechanisms of local and global reactivity of the oligomers, the equilibrium low-energy configurations of the oligomer structures adsorbed on the surface of C-(A)-S-H(I) (100), and their adsorption energies. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the adhesion properties of geopolymers and their potential as effective repair materials.
The “Forgotten” Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Selected Histological Variants Not Included or Not Recognized as Distinct Entities in the Current World Health Organization Classification of Breast Tumors
Authors: Koufopoulos Nektarios I. , Boutas Ioannis , Pouliakis Abraham , Samaras Menelaos G. , Kotanidis Christakis , Kontogeorgi Adamantia , Dimas Dionysios T. , Ieronimaki Argyro-Ioanna , Leventakou Danai , Spathis Aris , Zanelli Magda , Palicelli Andrea , Zizzo Maurizio , Goutas Dimitrios , Pateras Ioannis S. , Panayiotides Ioannis G.
Published: August 2024

Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women. Nineteen different subtypes of breast carcinomas are recognized in the current WHO classification of breast tumors. Except for these subtypes, there are a number of carcinomas with special morphologic and immunohistochemical features that are not included in the 5th WHO classification, while others are considered special morphologic patterns of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. In this manuscript, we systematically review the literature on four different subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma, namely lymphoepithelioma-like breast carcinoma, breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells, signet-ring breast carcinoma, and metaplastic breast carcinoma with melanocytic differentiation. We describe their clinicopathological characteristics, focusing on the differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Novel Identification of Ankyrin-R in Cardiac Fibroblasts and a Potential Role in Heart Failure
Authors: Argall Aaron D. , Sucharski-Argall Holly C. , Comisford Luke G. , Jurs Sallie J. , Seminetta Jack T. , Wallace Michael J. , Crawford Casey A. , Takenaka Sarah S. , Han Mei , El Refaey Mona , Hund Thomas J. , Mohler Peter J. , Koenig Sara N.
Published: August 2024

Altered ankyrin-R (AnkR; encoded by ANK1) expression is associated with diastolic function, left ventricular remodeling, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). First identified in erythrocytes, the role of AnkR in other tissues, particularly the heart, is less studied. Here, we identified the expression of both canonical and small isoforms of AnkR in the mouse myocardium. We demonstrate that cardiac myocytes primarily express small AnkR (sAnkR), whereas cardiac fibroblasts predominantly express canonical AnkR. As canonical AnkR expression in cardiac fibroblasts is unstudied, we focused on expression and localization in these cells. AnkR is expressed in both the perinuclear and cytoplasmic regions of fibroblasts with considerable overlap with the trans-Golgi network protein 38, TGN38, suggesting a potential role in trafficking. To study the role of AnkR in fibroblasts, we generated mice lacking AnkR in activated fibroblasts (Ank1-ifKO mice). Notably, Ank1-ifKO mice fibroblasts displayed reduced collagen compaction, supportive of a novel role of AnkR in normal fibroblast function. At the whole animal level, in response to a heart failure model, Ank1-ifKO mice displayed an increase in fibrosis and T-wave inversion compared with littermate controls, while preserving cardiac ejection fraction. Collagen type I fibers were decreased in the Ank1-ifKO mice, suggesting a novel function of AnkR in the maturation of collagen fibers. In summary, our findings illustrate the novel expression of AnkR in cardiac fibroblasts and a potential role in cardiac function in response to stress.
The Glycocalyx: The Importance of Sugar Coating the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Dancy Candis , Heintzelman Kaitlyn E. , Katt Moriah E.
Published: August 2024

The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), located on the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells, is composed of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and vascular health within the central nervous system (CNS), influencing critical processes such as blood flow regulation, inflammation modulation, and vascular permeability. While the GCX is ubiquitously expressed on the surface of every cell in the body, the GCX at the BBB is highly specialized, with a distinct composition of glycans, physical structure, and surface charge when compared to GCX elsewhere in the body. There is evidence that the GCX at the BBB is disrupted and partially shed in many diseases that impact the CNS. Despite this, the GCX has yet to be a major focus of therapeutic targeting for CNS diseases. This review examines diverse model systems used in cerebrovascular GCX-related research, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate models to ensure clinical relevance and translational potential. This review aims to highlight the importance of the GCX in disease and how targeting the GCX at the BBB specifically may be an effective approach for brain specific targeting for therapeutics.
Preparation and Study of the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Nano/Micromicellar Structures Containing Chokeberry Fruit Pomace Extracts Using Egg White and Egg Yolk
Authors: Khachatryan Gohar , Pląder Julia , Piechowicz Karolina , Witczak Teresa , Liszka-Skoczylas Marta , Witczak Mariusz , Gałkowska Dorota , Duraczyńska Dorota , Hunter Walter , Waradzyn Aleksandra , Khachatryan Karen
Published: August 2024

There is currently a growing interest in health-promoting foods. The beneficial effects of food on human health are actively promoted by health professionals and nutritionists. This growing awareness is influencing the increasing range of functional foods and the pursuit of more innovative solutions. Recent research indicates that spherical nanoparticles have the potential to be used as functional biomaterials in the food industry, particularly for encapsulating hydrophobic natural phytochemicals. Techniques and systems based on micro- and nano-encapsulation are of great importance in the food and pharmaceutical industries. It is of paramount importance that encapsulation materials are safe for use in food. The aim of this study was to obtain micelles containing extracts from chokeberry fruit pomace using egg yolk powder (EYP) for emulsification (as a source of lecithin) and egg white powder (EWP) for stabilisation. The structural properties of the micelles in the resulting powders were characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the presence of spherical micellar structures between 500 and 1000 nm in size. The water activity and water content of the obtained powders were determined, and the thermal (DSC) and antioxidant properties were investigated. The results indicated that the powder with the micellar structures had a higher stability compared to the powder obtained by simple mixing without the use of encapsulation techniques.
Marine Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling Structure–Activity Relationships, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Nagahawatta D. P. , Liyanage N. M. , Jayawardena Thilina U. , Jeon You-Jin
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for significant mortality rates globally that have been raised due to the limitation of the available treatments and prevalence of CVDs. The innovative research and identification of potential preventives for CVDs are essential to alleviate global deaths and complications. The marine environment is a rich source of bioactive substances and provides a unique chemical arsenal against numerous ailments due to its unrivaled biodiversity. Marine polyphenolic compounds (MPCs) are unique because of their structural variety and biologically significant activity. Further, MPCs are well-reported for their valuable biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and antioxidant, demonstrating encouraging results in preventing and treating CVDs. Therefore, investigation of the structure–activity relationship (SAR) between MPCs and CVDs provides insights that reveal how the structural components of these compounds affect their effectiveness. Further, comprehending this correlation is essential for advancing medications and nutraceuticals sourced from marine sources, which could transform the strategy for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of existing research by emphasizing the role of MPCs in CVD treatments and evaluating the SAR between MPCs and CVDs with challenges and future directions.
The Role of Magnesium in Parkinson’s Disease: Status Quo and Implications for Future Research
Authors: Cibulka Michal , Brodnanova Maria , Halasova Erika , Kurca Egon , Kolisek Martin , Grofik Milan
Published: August 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases represent an increasing economic, social, and, above all, medical burden worldwide. The second most prevalent disease in this category is Parkinson’s disease, surpassed only by Alzheimer’s. It is a treatable but still incurable systemic disease with a pathogenesis that has not yet been elucidated. Several theories are currently being developed to explain the causes and progression of Parkinson’s disease. Magnesium is one of the essential macronutrients and is absolutely necessary for life as we know it. The magnesium cation performs several important functions in the cell in the context of energetic metabolism, substrate metabolism, cell signalling, and the regulation of the homeostasis of other ions. Several of these cellular processes have been simultaneously described as being disrupted in the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease. The relationship between magnesium homeostasis and the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease has received little scientific attention to date. The aim of this review is to summarise and critically evaluate the current state of knowledge on the possible role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and to outline possible future directions for research in this area.