bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRISCIANVS MINOR: TEORÍA GRAMATICAL PER FIGVRAM Y TÉCNICA COMPOSITIVA (II)
Authors: Gutiérrez Marcos A.
Published: August 2021

En el presente artículo damos cuenta pormenorizada de los ejemplos per figuram obtenidos a través de un novedoso método de trabajo plasmado en DECOTGREL (Pmin) (2013). De esta forma hemos podido sistematizar todos los ‘usos especiales’ documentados en el así llamado Priscianus minor. De esta manera hemos podido encontrar consideraciones que van más allá de lo meramente normativo y que tienen un gran interés tanto para el conocimiento de la lengua en cuestión como para el análisis de la evolución de los conceptos gramaticales y de las teorías lingüísticas desde la Antigüedad hasta la Modernidad.
COME AFFRONTARE LO STUDIO DELLA GRAMMATICA LATINA ALLA LUCE DELLA LINGUISTICA CONTEMPORANEA
Authors: Oniga Renato
Published: August 2021

El desarrollo de la Lingüística general en las últimas décadas ha producido importantes innovaciones en el conocimiento de los mecanismos de funcionamiento de las lenguas antiguas y modernas. Sin embargo, estas innovaciones aún no han entrado completamente en el estudio de la lengua latina. En esta contribución, se proponen ejemplos de aplicación del llamado método neocomparativo a algunos problemas tradicionales de la gramática latina. En particular, el artículo presenta una descripción de la estructura de la sílaba y de la ley del acento latino, una propuesta para analizar la estructura de los morfemas y una introducción a la estructura de los sintagmas.
LAS CONSTRUCCIONES AB URBE CONDITA EN GRIEGO, CON ESPECIAL ATENCIÓN A LOS USOS HOMÉRICOS
Authors: Fernández Tomás
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo se propone estudiar las construcciones ab urbe condita en Homero (un ejemplo típico: ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα, “hasta la puesta del sol”) y, subsidiariamente, en otros autores griegos. Su fin es demostrar que estas construcciones se distinguen de otras análogas por cuatro características, a saber: a) el participio es imprescindible, salvo en un limitado grupo de verbos (de “ser”, “llegar a ser” y análogos); b) el participio siempre modifica al núcleo de un término preposicional; c) el participio es predicativo, no atributivo; d) el participio tiene una posición relativamente fija.
Uninorte: Celebrating 45 Years of the Nursing Program
Authors: Palmet Marta , Villarreal Elizabeth , De las Salas Roxana
Published: August 2021

En este año 2020, la División Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad del Norte festeja cuarenta y cinco años de creación del Programa de Enfermería, el cual comenzó con un grupo de 45 estudiantes el 3 de agosto de 1975.
Abordaje de problemas de salud mental durante situaciones de crisis sanitaria
Authors: Pérez Miguel A. , Cerna Cano Julio Cesar , Alonso-Palacio Luz Marina , Chacón-Andrade Edgardo
Published: August 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines mental health as “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community”1. Consequently, mental health is a construct composed of psychological, emotional, social and environmental issues which includes a person’s ability to function under adversity and also to adapt to changes around them.
Aortopulmonary window: Case report
Authors: Maza Caneva Olga , Oviedo Cañón Martín Andrés , Ruiz Pérez Ornella
Published: August 2021

La ventana aortopulmonar constituye una infrecuente anomalía cardíaca congénita. En la literatura mundial se han publicado alrededor de 300 casos. Se ha asociado a defectos cardíacos complejos, lo cual dificulta su diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de un lactante menor con sintomatología de falla cardíaca congestiva; durante estancia en unidad de cuidados intensivos cursa con múltiples comorbilidades; posterior a lo cual, es llevado a cirugía cardíaca correctiva con peso inferior a 2000 gramos, con evolución satisfactoria. Se resalta la importancia de la corrección temprana, con el fin de evitar la progresión a enfermedad vascular pulmonar irreversible.
Role of Workbooks and Teacher’s Books in Lower-secondary Chemistry Education in Czechia
Authors: Vojíř Karel , Rusek Martin
Published: August 2021

Textbooks as a prominent product of educational content’s didactical transformation are usually published as a series. Textbooks are often accompanied by workbooks and teacher’s books. These publications are designed to support teacher’s work and can have a significant impact on the teaching practice. To deepen the understanding of chemical education at lower-secondary schools, the goal was to map chemistry teachers’ use of workbooks and teacher’s books. An electronic questionnaire containing close-ended questions as well as scales was used for this purpose. Information about workbooks and teacher’s books’ use, frequency of use, perceived importance and purpose were gathered. Whereas 63% of the 387 respondents reported using workbooks they consider important for the quality of education, teacher’s books are only used by 24% of teachers, with only 4% reporting their frequent use. The results indicate that workbooks are mostly used during chemistry lessons or for student homework, however a significant share of teachers mentioned using them for lesson preparation. The absence of a teacher’s book, coupled with the teachers’ reluctance to use them even when available, also pointed to their approach to teaching preparation based on the search for educational content and specific activities rather than methodological support in a broader sense.
Special Issue: Research on Textbooks in Science and Mathematics Education
Authors: Rusek Martin
Published: August 2021

Editorial.
Národní odborné časopisy a analýza H-indexu členů jejich redakčních rad
Authors: Novotný Petr , Janštová Vanda , Schubertová Romana , Kotvaltová Sezemská Karolína
Published: August 2021

Národní časopisy jsou důležitým prostředkem pro pěstování dialogu o směřování jednotlivých oborů. Členové redakčních rad těchto časopisů mohou ovlivnit kodifikaci měřítek prací publikovaných v daném oboru, bývají proto označováni jako gatekeepers, tedy „strážci brány vybírající, který obsah a forma vědeckého sdělení jsou přijatelné“. Abychom si vytvořili alespoň přibližnou představu o složení redakčních rad, můžeme využít scientometrické údaje. Ačkoli jsou obdobné analýzy u zahraničních periodik běžné, v našem národním prostředí jsme takovou studii nedohledali. U modelového souboru českých a slovenských časopisů z oblasti pedagogiky a didaktiky biologie jsme proto v databázi WOS vyhledali H-index členů redakčních rad a porovnali domácí a zahraniční členy z pohledu tohoto kritéria. H-index se nám podařilo dohledat u většiny domácích a zahraničních členů, neúplnost dat byla způsobena nejednoznačností interpretace a přiřazení dat dostupných v databázi WOS.
Mezi některými časopisy jsme prokázali statisticky významné rozdíly v H-skóre (průměrný H-index členů redakčních rad), pro tuto analýzu jsme použili Kruskalův–Wallisův testu. Pomocí Mannova–Whitneyho U-testu jsme ukázali, že faktor indexace časopisu v databázi Scopus nemá signifikantní vliv na H-skóre časopisu. Příspěvek zahraničních členů redakčních rad k H-skóre časopisu byl, v porovnání s příspěvkem domácích členů, signifikantně vyšší pouze u tří časopisů, u ostatních byl příspěvek domácích a zahraničních členů vyrovnaný (zde jsme použili Pearsonův chí-kvadrát test).
Mezi některými časopisy jsme prokázali statisticky významné rozdíly v H-skóre (průměrný H-index členů redakčních rad), pro tuto analýzu jsme použili Kruskalův-Wallisův testu. Pomocí Mannova-Whitneyho U testu jsme ukázali, že faktor indexace časopisu v databázi Scopus nemá signifikantní vliv na H-skóre časopisu. Příspěvek zahraničních členů redakčních rad k H-skóre časopisu byl, v porovnání s příspěvkem domácích členů, signifikantně vyšší pouze u tří časopisů, u ostatních byl příspěvek domácích a zahraničních členů vyrovnaný (zde jsme použili Pearsonův chí-kvadrát test).
Numerical study on heat transfer and flow characteristics of nanofluids in a circular tube with trapezoid ribs
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Bo , Cui Lanhua , Zheng Hongwei , Klemeš Jiří Jaromír , Wang Jin
Published: August 2021

This study aims to investigate heat transfer and flow characteristics of ethylene glycol/water (EGW) and CuO–EGW nanofluids in circular tubes with and without trapezoid ribs. Nusselt number and friction factor in tubes with trapezoid ribs are analysed under a constant heat flux by changing rib bottom angles. This study compares the convective heat transfer coefficients of 6 vol.% CuO–EGW nanofluid and base fluid. It is found that under a constant Reynolds number, the Nusselt number and friction factor for CuO–EGW nanofluid and base fluid increase with an increase in the inclination angle. The Nusselt number for the CuO–EGW nanofluid in the tube with 75° rib bottom angle averagely increases by 135.8% compared to that in the smooth tube, and the performance evaluation criterion is 1.64.
Application of Fibonacci heap to fast marching method
Authors: Meng Fanchang , Liu Mingchen , Zhang Ping , Yang Junjie , Li Meng , Dong Jiguo
Published: August 2021

The fast marching method (FMM) is an efficient, stable and adaptable travel time calculation method. In the realization of this method, it is necessary to select the minimum travel time node from the narrow band many times. The selection method has an important influence on the calculation efficiency of FMM. Traditional FMM adopts the binary tree heap sorting method to achieve this step. Fibonacci heap sort method to FMM will be applied in this study. Compared with the binary tree heap sorting method, the Fibonacci heap sort method can realize the minimum travel time node selection in the narrow band in a more efficient way when the number of the narrow-band nodes is huge. The new method will be verified through error analysis and two numerical model calculations.
Quantization of fractional harmonic oscillator using creation and annihilation operators
Authors: Al-Masaeed Mohamed , Rabei Eqab. M. , Al-Jamel Ahmed , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: August 2021

In this article, the Hamiltonian for the conformable harmonic oscillator used in the previous study [Chung WS, Zare S, Hassanabadi H, Maghsoodi E. The effect of fractional calculus on the formation of quantum-mechanical operators. Math Method Appl Sci. 2020;43(11):6950–67.] is written in terms of fractional operators that we called

α

\alpha

-creation and

α

\alpha

-annihilation operators. It is found that these operators have the following influence on the energy states. For a given order

α

\alpha

, the

α

\alpha

-creation operator promotes the state while the

α

\alpha

-annihilation operator demotes the state. The system is then quantized using these creation and annihilation operators and the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained. The eigenfunctions are expressed in terms of the conformable Hermite functions. The results for the traditional quantum harmonic oscillator are found to be recovered by setting

α
=
1

\alpha =1

.
Considering the effect of optical attenuation on photon-enhanced thermionic emission converter of the practical structure
Authors: Huang Shanfeng , Shen Xiaoming , Fu Yuechun , He Huan
Published: August 2021

Photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) is a new type of solar cell. The existing papers on PETE research do not consider the structure of actual PETE devices; in practical PETE structure, the original incident light intensity is attenuated by the window layer and the buffer layer (include anode in reflection PETE devices). In this paper, according to two kinds of the common structure of PETE device, the influence of transmission and reflection of sunlight on the conversion efficiency of PETE device is analyzed. Using a light-trapping structure on the cathode of the PETE device is a valid method to reduce the reflection of the incident light. The calculation results show that the optical attenuation has a great influence on the actual photon flux received by the cathode effective layer. Under the condition of reasonable operation of the device, the efficiency of PETE can be improved by reducing the size of the material, improving the light transmittance of the buffer layer and window layer, and using the light-trapping structure.
Associations Between Cognitive Function, Balance, and Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with COPD
Authors: Gore Shweta , Blackwood Jennifer , Ziccardi Tyler
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:

Older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk for physical and cognitive impairment. Cognitive function is associated with falls in older adults. However, it is unknown whether a relationship exists between cognitive function and falls in patients with COPD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between cognitive function, balance, and gait speed in older adults with COPD.

Patients and Methods:

A secondary analysis was performed using data from the 2010 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Cognitive (immediate and delayed recall, executive function) and physical (gait speed, tandem balance time) measure data were extracted for older adults with COPD (n = 382) and an age-matched control group without COPD (n = 382) who met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Multivariate linear regression modeling was performed to examine associations between cognitive function and mobility or balance while controlling for age, gender, body mass index, grip strength, and education.

Results:

In older adults with COPD, delayed recall was significantly associated with tandem balance performance (β= 1.42, P < .05). Other cognitive measures were not associated with gait speed or balance.

Conclusion:

In older adults with COPD, one of four cognitive functions was associated with a static standing balance task. Screening of cognitive function, specifically delayed recall, should be a part of the management of falls in this population.
Expertise Modulates Neural Stimulus-Tracking
Authors: Brookshire Geoffrey , Mangelsdorf Heather Harden , Sava-Segal Clara , Reis Katherine , Nusbaum Howard , Goldin-Meadow Susan , Casasanto Daniel
Published: August 2021

How does the brain anticipate information in language? When people perceive speech, low-frequency (<10 Hz) activity in the brain synchronizes with bursts of sound and visual motion. This phenomenon, called cortical stimulus-tracking, is thought to be one way that the brain predicts the timing of upcoming words, phrases, and syllables. In this study, we test whether stimulus-tracking depends on domain-general expertise or on language-specific prediction mechanisms. We go on to examine how the effects of expertise differ between frontal and sensory cortex. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from human participants who were experts in either sign language or ballet, and we compared stimulus-tracking between groups while participants watched videos of sign language or ballet. We measured stimulus-tracking by computing coherence between EEG recordings and visual motion in the videos. Results showed that stimulus-tracking depends on domain-general expertise, and not on language-specific prediction mechanisms. At frontal channels, fluent signers showed stronger coherence to sign language than to dance, whereas expert dancers showed stronger coherence to dance than to sign language. At occipital channels, however, the two groups of participants did not show different patterns of coherence. These results are difficult to explain by entrainment of endogenous oscillations, because neither sign language nor dance show any periodicity at the frequencies of significant expertise-dependent stimulus-tracking. These results suggest that the brain may rely on domain-general predictive mechanisms to optimize perception of temporally-predictable stimuli such as speech, sign language, and dance.
Thermophysical properties of OSB boards versus equilibrium moisture content
Authors: Igaz Rastislav , Krišťák Ľuboš , Ružiak Ivan , Gajtanska Milada , Kučerka Martin
Published: August 2021

The basic thermophysical properties of oriented strand boards were determined experimentally for use in humid conditions (OSB3) depending on the moisture content. The dependency between the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and the moisture content in the range of 0% to 10%, was examined. The non-stationary extended dynamic plane source (EDPS) experimental method was used. EDPS method was modified for anisotropic materials, i.e. with special considerations of heat-loss effect occurring at the edge of measuring samples, finite geometry of the sample and orthotropic thermal conductivity, for use with anisotropic materials. The validity of the experimental method was verified on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) samples. The error rate of measurements conducted on PMMA samples was less than 3%, and for OSB3 boards it was less than 5.5%. Based on the experimental results, regression equations of the dependency between the monitored properties and the moisture content were determined. In the case of thermal conductivity and thermal capacity, the determined dependencies showed a high correlation rate.
Evaluation of physical, anatomical, and biometric characteristics of Citrus sinensis trees in longitudinal and transverse axes of stem
Authors: Hassanpoor Tichi Ali , Khademieslam Habibollah , Rezanezhad Divkolae Mojtaba
Published: August 2021

Three healthy Citrus sinensis (orange) trees in Babol, Iran, were randomly selected and cut. Two discs of 5 cm thickness were prepared along the tree (breast height and crown). In the transverse direction, the test specimens were cut 2 × 2 cm to 3 cm from the pith to the bark sequentially and examined. The biometric and physical properties were measured, and microscopic sections of wood near the bark were studied using light microscopy according to the International Association of Wood Anatomists’ (IAWA) List. Anatomical examination of the C. sinensis wood showed that the species was a diffuse porous hardwood, with indistinct growth rings, simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, and banded parenchyma. The basic density and oven-dry density increased from the pith towards the tree bark and from the bottom of the tree towards the crown. There was a significant difference in both the transverse and longitudinal directions of the C. sinensis tree in terms of fiber length, fiber lumen diameter, fiber diameter, and cell wall thickness. The mean fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness were 0.76 mm, 23.64 µm, 9.23 µm, and 14.41 µm, respectively.
EFFECTS OF DRYING METHODS ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF TORPEDO SCAD (Megalaspis cordyla)
Authors: Rasul Md. Golam , Kabir Ilias Ebne , Yuan Chunhong , Shah A. K. M. Azad
Published: August 2021

Generally, fish are unhygienically sun dried, which causes the considerable reduction of quality and safety of the product. The effects of drying methods on physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of Megalaspis cordyla were investigated. Fish were dried using traditional (without pre-treatment), improved (treated with 5% salt solution), improved-TC (treated with 5% salt solution and rubbed with turmeric and chili powder) and solar tunnel (treated with 5% salt solution) drying methods. Sensory evaluation revealed that solar-dried products showed comparatively better quality than the products produced by other drying methods. Rehydration ability of solar dried products was comparatively higher than other dried products. Moisture content of dried M. cordyla was ranged from 16.28% to 21.30%. However, no significant (p > 0.05) variation was found in protein, lipid and ash content on dry matter basis. Significantly (p < 0.05) the lowest peroxide value, acid value and carbonyl value were observed in solar dried products. In contrast, comparatively higher amount of PUFAs were found in solar dried products followed by improved, improved-TC and traditionally produced dried fish. The aerobic plate count of dried M. cordyla varied between 2.04 log CFU/g and 5.71 log CFU/g. Results of this study suggested that the dried fish produced by solar tunnel drying method showed comparatively better quality than other drying methods for the consumer’s safety.
OPTIMIZATION OF OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION PROCESS OF CARAMBOLA (Averrhoacarambola L.) FRUIT IN BINARY SOLUTION OF SALT AND SUCROSE
Authors: Seth Dibyakanta , Sen Debashree , Dash Kshirod kumar
Published: August 2021

The present work investigated the mass transfer process during osmotic dehydration of carambola fruit slice using binary solution of salt and sugar. The dehydration performance was improved by optimizing the time and temperature of dehydration, salt concentration and fruit to syrup ratio. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to infer about the effects of these parameters on the rate of mass transfer such as water loss, solute gain, weight reduction and water activity of dehydrated carambola slice. A four factorial central composite rotatable design (CCD)adopting multiple regression technique was used to develop polynomial models of response variables and the adequacy of fit was ascertained by observing the correlation coefficients (R2 values). All the independent variables significantly affected the response parameters within the selected range. Adopting desirability function, the optimized values of process variables were, salt concentration 15g/100ml, temperature 45.08oC, time 240 min and fruit to syrup ratio 1:10. The validation of the optimised parameters confirms invariability between the predicted and experimental results.
Obesity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children Hospitalized for Acute Respiratory Illness
Authors: Test Matthew R. , Mangione-Smith Rita , Zhou Chuan , Wright Davene R. , Halvorson Elizabeth E. , Johnson David P. , Williams Derek J. , Vachani Joyee G. , Hitt Talia A. , Tieder Joel S.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

Obesity has rapidly become a major problem for children that has adverse effects on respiratory health. We sought to assess the impact of obesity on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and hospital outcomes for children hospitalized with asthma or pneumonia.

METHODS

In this multicenter prospective cohort study, we evaluated children (aged 2–16 years) hospitalized with an acute asthma exacerbation or pneumonia between July 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016. Subjects or their family completed surveys for child HRQOL (PedsQL Physical Functioning and Psychosocial Functioning Scales, with scores ranging from 0 to 100) on hospital presentation and 2–6 weeks after discharge. BMI categories were defined as normal weight, overweight, and obesity on the basis of BMI percentiles for age and sex per national guidelines. Multivariable regression models were used to examine associations between BMI category and HRQOL, length of stay, and 30-day reuse.

RESULTS

Among 716 children, 82 (11.4%) were classified as having overweight and 138 (19.3%) as having obesity. For children hospitalized with asthma or pneumonia, obesity was not associated with worse HRQOL at presentation or 2–6 weeks after discharge, hospital length of stay, or 30-day reuse.

CONCLUSIONS

Nearly 1 in 3 children seen in the hospital for an acute asthma exacerbation or pneumonia had overweight or obesity; however, among the population of children in our study, obesity alone does not appear to be associated with worse HRQOL or hospital outcomes.
Impact of an Asthma Education Program During Admission
Authors: Jové Blanco Ana , González Roca Isora , Corredor Andrés Beatriz , Bellón Alonso Sara , Rodríguez Cimadevilla Juan , Rodríguez-Fernández Rosa
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

Health educational interventions improve health outcomes and quality of life in children with asthma. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an education intervention for an asthma inhaler technique during hospital admission for an asthma exacerbation.

METHODS

This prospective study was conducted in a pediatric hospitalization unit of a third-level hospital. Children admitted for an asthma exacerbation were eligible for inclusion. It was developed in 2 phases: during hospital admission (T1) and 1 month after discharge (T2). In the T1 phase, caregivers completed the questionnaire to assess asthma control in children (CAN questionnaire) and performed the inhaler technique, which was evaluated with a 6-step checklist. An educational intervention was performed. In the T2 phase, caregivers completed the CAN questionnaire, and the inhaler technique was reevaluated. We hypothesized that the inhaler technique improved after the implementation of an asthma education program.

RESULTS

A total of 101 children were included, of whom 85 completed the T2 phase (84%). At baseline, 11.8% of participants performed the inhaler technique correctly. All steps of the inhaler technique upgraded in the T2 phase significantly (P < .01), except for the step “assemble the inhaler device correctly.” Former evaluation by a pediatric pneumologist was associated with a higher score in the inhaler technique in the T1 phase. The median CAN questionnaire score in the T1 phase was 8 (interquartile range 4–16), which reduced to 4 (interquartile range 1.2–6) in the T2 phase (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS

The development of an educational intervention during admission improved inhaler technique as well as asthma knowledge.
Implementation of a Weight-Based High-Flow Nasal Cannula Protocol for Children With Bronchiolitis
Authors: Willer Robert J. , Johnson Michael D. , Cipriano Frank A. , Stone Bryan L. , Nkoy Flory L. , Chaulk David C. , Knochel Miguel L. , Kawai Cynthia K. , Neiswender Kristi L. , Coon Eric R.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

To determine if the implementation of a weight-based high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) protocol for infants with bronchiolitis was associated with improved outcomes, including decreased ICU use.

METHODS

We implemented a weight-based HFNC protocol across a tertiary care children’s hospital and 2 community hospitals that admit pediatric patients on HFNC. We included all patients who were <2 years old and had a discharge diagnosis of bronchiolitis or viral pneumonia during the preimplementation (November 2013 to April 2018) and postimplementation (November 2018 to April 2020) respiratory seasons. Data were analyzed by using an interrupted time series approach. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients treated in the ICU. Patients with a complex chronic condition were excluded.

RESULTS

Implementation of the weight-based HFNC protocol was associated with an immediate absolute decrease in ICU use of 4.0%. We also observed a 6.2% per year decrease in the slope of ICU admissions pre- versus postintervention. This was associated with an immediate reduction in median cost per bronchiolitis encounter of $661, a 2.3% immediate absolute reduction in the proportion of patients who received noninvasive ventilation, and a 3.4% immediate absolute reduction in the proportion of patients who received HFNC.

CONCLUSIONS

A multicenter, weight-based HFNC protocol was associated with decreased ICU use and noninvasive ventilation use. In hospitals where HFNC is used in non-ICU units, weight-based approaches may lead to improved resource use.
Construcción de un generador de impulsos de corriente para ensayo de pararrayos y del sistema asociado de medida
Authors: Román Campos Francisco , Amórtegui Francisco , Bojacá Filiberto , Gómez César Augusto
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo describe el cálculo, diseño y construcción de un generador de impulsos de corriente de 5.000 Amperios, el primero de su tipo que se construye en el país, para ensayar resistencias no-lineales de carburo de silicio utilizadas en pararrayos de fabricación nacional.
Se discuten algunos aspectos relativos a la construcción de cada uno de los elementos del circuito de impulso, los resultados y las posibilidades futuras que se derivan de esta experiencia.
El generador fue construido en el Laboratorio de Alta Tensión del Instituto de Ensayos e Investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería, dentro de los programas del Grupo de Investigación en Alta Tensión — GIAT.
Chingaza: agua para el año 2000 ¿Y mientras tanto?
Authors: Amórtegui Francisco , Huertas Luis A. , Barbosa William , Pulido Camilo , Herrera Fernando
Published: August 2021

De tiempo atrás la ciudad de Bogotá ha sobrellevado una deficiente prestación del servicio de acueducto. En la década del 60 se presentó un incremento acelerado de la demanda, obligando a la EAAB a establecer un plan maestro de acueducto (Primero y Segundo planes de ensanche), que pretendía satisfacer la demanda de la época y garantizar el suministro hasta 1990. Las obras de la primera etapa del segundo plan deberían terminarse en 1977, año en que se coparía la capacidad instalada, de acuerdo con las proyecciones de 1970. Sin embargo, las obras de captación, conducción y tratamiento se entregaron hasta 1983 con un costo cercano al 300% del presupuestado. El proyecto funciono cuatro meses, pero fue necesario sacarlo del servicio por el taponamiento total que sufrió el túnel principal, cuya reparación tardó más de 16 meses; luego entró en operación de prueba y sufrió un daño en la válvula reguladora. En la actualidad, la EAAB no ha señalado responsables de las múltiples fallas que se presentaron, y los usuarios se encuentran sometidos a pagar los sobrecostos, a un racionamiento sectorizado y al peligro de un racionamiento en toda la ciudad.
Ordenamiento y solución de flujos de carga en sistemas radiales
Authors: Florez C. Lucio , Cano Rosa , Rojas Javier , Salazar Gabriel
Published: August 2021

En estudios de planeación y operación de sistemas de distribución, es necesario efectuar gran cantidad de estudios de reparto de carga, corto circuito y análisis de contingencias entre otros, de aquí que es muy importante para el ahorro de tiempo y memoria de cómputo, como también para la confiabilidad de la solución el empleo de algoritmos adecuados. Una parte fundamental de estos algoritmos es la relacionada con el ordenamiento, factorización y solución de ecuaciones lineales. En este trabajo se plantea un algoritmo sencillo de ordenamiento, factorización y solución de ecuaciones lineales, aprovechando la estructura de los sistemas radiales (los cuales son frecuentes en distribución), lo que conlleva a una reducción en tiempo y memoria de cómputo respecto a los algoritmos tradicionalmente utilizados, teniendo una aplicación inmediata en reparto de carga y corto circuito de sistemas radiales.
Posibilidades de sobrecarga en máquinas eléctricas en Colombia
Authors: Maudanz Horst
Published: August 2021

En el diseño y cálculo de las máquinas eléctricas tienen mucha importancia los flujos de calor producido por las pérdidas de potencia en la transformación de la energía. Las sobretemperaturas resultantes en los materiales constructivos de la máquina, especialmente los no-metálicos, determinan en forma esencial la vida útil de los aparatos. De ahí resulta la importancia de la temperatura ambiente que fue sumida por la norma nacional e internacional como una magnitud constante, lo cual es exigido para cubrir el clima estacional con sus variaciones significativas durante el transcurso del año.
 
El clima del trópico es uno diario y el de la región andina colombiana se encuentra además vinculado al lugar sobre el nivel del mar. Así las maquinas eléctricas pueden ser mejor aprovechadas cuando se toma en cuenta la variación real de la temperatura en un clima diario y considerando la altura de instalación, permitiendo por eso una sobrecarga calculable con un modelo matemático adecuado.
Descripción de los sistemas de control digital de procesos
Authors: Mora Villate Adolfo
Published: August 2021

Este artículo se ocupa de exponer a grandes rasgos las funciones que cumplen los computadores aplicados al control de procesos industriales, así como de presentar las principales configuraciones de los sistemas de control digital de procesos.
Controladores programables para accionamientos
Authors: Kerpel Sprintis Wolf
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo hace parte de la línea de investigación “Adaptación y creación de tecnología en el área del control digital”, del Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica.
Determinación del índice esclerométrico en hormigones: factores que lo afectan
Authors: Gómez Cortés José Gabriel
Published: August 2021

Se analizan los principales factores que influyen en la determinación de la resistencia mecánica de un concreto evaluada mediante índice esclerométrico: tipo de cemento, contenido, tamaño y tipo del agregado, forma y textura de la superficie, posición del aparato, cabo rotación superficial, capas diferentes, condiciones de humedad superficiales, destreza del operador. Se concluye que la dispersión de resultados es bastante amplia, como para que sea de utilidad en casos prácticos.
Homenaje
Authors: Rodríguez F. Carlos A.
Published: August 2021

Texto del discurso del ingeniero Carlos Alberto Rodríguez Flórez en el homenaje que la Asociación de Ingenieros Civiles de la Universidad Nacional rindió a los ingenieros Alejandro Sandino y Alejandro Sandoval con motivo de la exaltación que el Gobierno Nacionales hizo por su brillante ejercicio profesional y por la ejemplar labor docente que adelantan.
Guía para leer artículos científicos
Authors: Ingeniería e Investigación Revista
Published: August 2021

Tomado de: Introducción a la ciencia de los materiales, Witold Brostow, Limusa. 1981.
Inventario de deslizamientos en la red vial colombiana
Authors: Montero O. Juan , Beltrán M. Lisandro , Cortés D. Ricardo
Published: August 2021

El Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transporte solicitó en 1985 a la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en Bogotá, la realización de una investigación piloto sobre los deslizamientos que afectan la red vial nacional, en desarrollo de la cual se efectuó un inventario de los deslizamientos y movimientos de masa más importantes. Con base en los resultados obtenidos se propone la división del territorio nacional en ocho regiones, cada una con características similares desde el punto de vista de la estabilidad de los taludes, y se comentan los resultados y perspectivas de mayor interés.
La Ingeniería Química de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Authors: Bogoya Maldonado Daniel
Published: August 2021

El presente ensayo es un reflejo de un punto de vista en relación con la Ingeniería Química de la Universidad Nacional, con sus gajes característicos, en un ámbito histórico donde se entreverán opiniones y tesis en torno de la organización, los planes de estudio, el programa de posgrado y siempre en busca de aquellos rasgos que la distinguen.
educação física do ensino fundamental na base comum curricular
Authors: Farias Luciane Sironi , Caetano Maria Raquel
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo, de caráter bibliográfico e documental, tem por objetivo inicial analisar o contexto de influências que cercam a BNCC, e especificamente, no que tange o componente curricular Educação Física; identificar os especialistas colaboradores das 1º e 2º versões do documento. Utilizamos a abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas e pesquisas recentes sobre o tema. Os achados identificam na rede de influências sujeitos individuais e coletivos ligados especialmente ao empresariado e não da educação. No que tange o componente curricular Educação Física, pudemos identificar no texto do documento alguns fragmentos que podem ser encontrados em obras dos especialistas/colaboradores da BNCC Educação Física. Compreendemos que tais achados poderão servir de base para uma análise crítica e mais aprofundada de determinados conteúdos no processo de reformulação dos currículos escolares.
Palavras-chave: BNCC; políticas educacionais; Educação Física.
Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Political Power
Authors: Zafirovski Milan
Published: August 2021

This article reconsiders the societal conditions determining ascetic Protestantism such as Calvinism during its early development, as distinguished from its later effects on society. It argues that a multiplicity of social conditions impacted the rise and expansion of Calvinism. These involve political, religious, cultural and economic conditions of the rise of Calvinism. They indicate the original societal conditioning of Calvinism, as distinct from and empirically prior to its subsequent effects on societies. This analysis specifically focuses on the sociopolitical conditions and conjunctures influencing Calvinism. The article concludes that early Calvinism was the outcome of political and related societal conditions and historical conjunctures, specifically of the Ancien Régime, and only subsequently producing its social outcomes emphasized in the sociological literature. The article aims to contribute to abridging a gap in the sociological literature, which centers on Calvinism’s outcomes in society, including economy and politics, and decenters on its own societal, including political, conditions.
Formation of Investment Portfolios of Two Assets Based on Forecast Returns Using the ARFIMA-GARCH Model
Authors: Garafutdinov Robert
Published: August 2021

The paper tests the hypothesis that the formation of investment portfolios of two assets based on predicted returns obtained using fractal models with conditional heteroscedasticity (ARFIMA-GARCH) allows to obtain portfolios with better characteristics than those obtained using the ARFIMA model. A computational experiment on artificial data and real data from the Russian stock market was carried out. The software implementation of the hypothesis testing algorithm was carried out using Python and R programming languages. The following results were obtained. Average absolute forecast error of the ARFIMA-GARCH model differs from the ARFIMA model error within the limits of error, statistically significant difference is not revealed (it is true for both model and real data). At the same time, portfolios formed using the GARCH model have, on average, higher returns, and a better return to risk ratio in comparison with portfolios formed using the ARFIMA model. Therefore, the hypothesis about the benefits of fractal GARCH models is not rejected.
Spatial Inhomogene in USA Innovation
Authors: Minat Valerij
Published: August 2021

The subject of this study is the spatially heterogeneous innovation activity carried out at the regional(meso) level of the United States, analyzed and evaluated on the basis of qualitative indicators (indicators and integral indicator) of the level of innovation potential and innovation activity of regional innovation systems that have received development and statistical accounting of the results of these activities in within specific states. The identified combinations, high correlation dependence and interconnection of indicators of the innovative potential and innovative activity of regional innovation systems of the US states, made it possible to substantiate a number of trends in the development of these systems, to assess the features of spatial integration and, at the same time, the different-level differentiation of these systems, reflecting the heterogeneity and uneven development innovation activity on the “center- peripheral” principle. The final typology of regional innovation systems of the US states, based on the logarithmically normal distribution of the indices of innovation activity and the integral indicator of the level of innovative potential of the average values for the period 2015–2019, results in a qualitative spatial diversity of these systems, determined by the joint influence of both economic phenomena on the deepening of heterogeneity and differentiation of the latter.
Prospects for Creating a Regional Budget Airline in the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Rublev Vladimir , Larin Oleg
Published: August 2021

The 2020 crisis caused by the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive influence on the development of regional air travel. Against the background of an overall drop in passenger traffic exceeding 40%, a number of airports in the Southern Federal District have demonstrated positive development dynamics. With the opening of regular flights to cities in the Southern Federal District and the Republic of Crimea, a number of airports in the Central Federal District and the Volga Federal District by the end of 2020 increased passenger traffic due to the development of the domestic route network. The Russian air passenger market demonstrated high growth and development rates during the period of 2009–2019. The underlying factors of growth and development were the implementation of the subsidizing regional air routes program, the development of competition and the increase in the growth rate of production of the regional jet “SSJ-100”. According to the results of activities at the end of 2020, the Russian regional airline (a mono-operator of the “SSJ-100” jet) demonstrated the lowest rate of passenger traffic reduction. The airline also increased its aircraft fleet by 2 units and expanded its regional route network. The Republic of Crimea is a strategically important region of the Russian Federation. Modernization of the regional logistics complex, which includes the development of regular flights to the regions of the Russian Federation, is a priority task of domestic policy. Based on the structural analysis of the air passenger market and the regional logistics system, a model for creating a regional budget airline for the Republic of Crimea is proposed. The result of overcoming the 2008 crisis on the European air passenger market was the strengthening of the role and influence of the budget airlines (increase in market share from 15% to 50% from 2009 to 2019). The low-cost air transportation segment of the Russian market demonstrates high potential for development due to growing demand. The development of regional air transportation is one of the key factors in the development of the national aircraft construction system. The results of the study can be used in developing a strategy for the aviation logistics system of the Republic of Crimea, as well as in developing strategies for the development of regional airports on the island and peninsular territories.
IN MEMORY OF GALINA VLADIMIROVNA RIMARCHUK
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: August 2021

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ON THE POTENTIALITY OF A CLASS OF OPERATORS RELATIVE TO LOCAL BILINEAR FORMS
Authors: Budochkina Svetlana A. , Dekhanova Ekaterina S.
Published: August 2021

The inverse problem of the calculus of variations (IPCV) is solved for a second-order ordinary differential equation with the use of a local bilinear form. We apply methods of analytical dynamics, nonlinear functional analysis, and modern methods for solving the IPCV. In the paper, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a given operator to be potential relative to a local bilinear form, construct the corresponding functional, i.e., found a solution to the IPCV, and define the structure of the considered equation with the potential operator. As a consequence, similar results are obtained when using a nonlocal bilinear form. Theoretical results are illustrated with some examples.
SCREENING IN SPACE: RICH AND POOR CONSUMERS IN A LINEAR CITY
Authors: Kokovin Sergey , Vasilev Fedor
Published: August 2021

Unlike standard models of monopolistic screening (second-degree price discrimination), we consider a situation where consumers are heterogeneous not only vertically, in their willingness to pay, but also horizontally, in their tastes or "addresses'' a la Hotelling's Linear City. For such a screening game, a novel model is composed. We formulate the game as an optimization program, prove the existence of equilibria, develop a method to calculate equilibria, and characterize their properties. Namely, the solution structure of the resulting menu of contracts can be either a "chain of envy'' like in usual screening or a number of disconnected chains. Unlike usual screening, "almost all'' consumers get positive informational rent. Importantly, the model can be extended to oligopoly screening.
THE VERTEX DISTANCE COMPLEMENT SPECTRUM OF SUBDIVISION VERTEX JOIN AND SUBDIVISION EDGE JOIN OF TWO REGULAR GRAPHS
Authors: Thomas Ann Susa , Kalayathankal Sunny Joseph , Kureethara Joseph Varghese
Published: August 2021

The vertex distance complement (VDC) matrix \(\textit{C}\), of a connected graph  \(G\) with vertex set consisting of \(n\) vertices, is a real symmetric matrix \([c_{ij}]\) that takes the value \(n - d_{ij}\) where \(d_{ij}\) is the distance between the vertices \(v_i\) and \(v_j\) of \(G\) for \(i \neq j\) and 0 otherwise. The vertex distance complement spectrum of the subdivision vertex join, \(G_1 \dot{\bigvee} G_2\) and the subdivision edge join \(G_1 \underline{\bigvee} G_2\) of regular graphs \(G_1\) and \(G_2\)  in terms of the adjacency spectrum are determined in this paper.
SET MEMBERSHIP ESTIMATION WITH A SEPARATE RESTRICTION ON INITIAL STATE AND DISTURBANCES
Authors: Yurovskikh Polina A.
Published: August 2021

We consider a set membership estimation problem for linear non-stationary systems for which initial states belong to a compact set and uncertain disturbances in an observation equation are integrally restricted. We provethat the exact information set of the system can be approximated by a set of external ellipsoids in the absence of disturbances in the dynamic equation.There are three examples of linear systems. Two examples illustrate the main theorem of the paper, the latter one shows the possibility of generalizing the theorem to the case with disturbances in the dynamic equation.
Substrate for cupuaçu plantlets and the influence of cow urine as biofertilizer
Authors: Coelho AnaPaula de Paula Cidade , Marrocos Paulo Cesar Lima , Mielke Marcelo Schramm , Santos Martielly Santana dos , Gallo Cibele Merched , Gross Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Abstract The use of organic waste as components of substrate to produce fruit plantlets provides alternative materials, easily available and low cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of substrate and biofertilization with cow urine on the growth of cupuaçu plants (Theobroma grandiflorum) in an organic production system. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 12 replications including four types of substrates (base mixture; base mixture + coconut fiber; base mixture + cocoa shell and base mixture + sand) with or without biofertilizer application totalizing 96 experimental units. Substrate and biofertilizer influenced the gas exchange and growth of T. grandiflorum plants. The interaction between these two factors significantly affected the dry matter, relative growth rate, net photosynthetic rate, and content of P, K and Mn in the leaves. Each factor, substrate and of cow urine application, independently, influenced the chlorophyll index, the leaf area, diameter, and height of the cupuaçu plants and the contents of N, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu in the leaves. The base mixture substrate (composed by soil and organic compost) and fertilization with 1% of cow urine can be indicated to T. grandiflorum plantlets organic production.