bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluorosis Among Wild Fauna of India: Assessing Toxicity and Its Effects on Ecosystem
Authors: Shaurya Shruti , Mondol Debabrata , Kumar Manish , Kumari Rashmi Rekha , Sharma Prabhakar , Das Anup , Kumar Pankaj
Published: January 2025

Fluoride is a naturally occurring element that plays a significant role in the environment and serves as an essential trace element in living organisms. It is present in various environmental components, including air, water, soil, plants, and animals, due to both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Extended exposure to fluoride in animals can result in toxicity, leading to adverse health outcomes and the onset of fluorosis. This condition predominantly affects dental and skeletal structures, potentially causing deformities. In severe cases, affected animals may experience lameness and premature loss of teeth. Chronic exposure to fluoride presents serious risks not only to domestic animals and humans but also to critical wildlife populations. The majority of research concerning fluoride toxicity has concentrated on human health and domestic species, with limited studies examining endemic fluorosis in specific herbivorous wildlife. Among terrestrial vertebrates, herbivores are generally more vulnerable to fluoride toxicity compared to carnivores and omnivores, owing to their relatively non-selective feeding behavior and tendency for bulk consumption. This feeding strategy increases the likelihood of ingesting contaminated feed, water, and forage, thus facilitating harmful fluoride accumulation within their systems. Elevated fluoride concentrations in local water sources have been linked to dental and skeletal abnormalities in various herbivorous species, including lions, Spotted deer, and Nilgai. Within certain regions of Rajasthan, India, species such as the Blackbuck and Chinkara are also reported to suffer from fluorosis. Furthermore, considerable instances of fluorosis have been documented among apex predators, such as Asiatic lions, in the Lathi Liliya area of Gujarat, India. The contamination of drinking water with fluoride poses a substantial threat to the health and survival of these populations, emphasizing the susceptibility of wildlife to the detrimental effects of prolonged fluoride exposure. Additionally, the integrity of forest ecosystems—including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and protected forests—remains at significant risk due to potential disturbances in the population equilibrium between herbivores and carnivores. Such disruptions can have profound negative consequences for the stability of vulnerable forest ecosystems.
Mitigating Diarrhoea-Related Inflammation in Frail Older Adults with Postbiotic-Enhanced ORS: Insights from a Pilot Study
Authors: Mateus Rodríguez Julian Andrés , Rodríguez Sanz Patricia , Kostandyan Edgar , Palacios Sanchez Rubén , Pino Roque María Luz , Chaves Vasquez Patricia , Roy Millán Pedro
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Diarrhoea in older adults can lead to dehydration and malnutrition, impair gut barrier function, and impact overall health and quality of life. This pilot study evaluated the effects of a new oral rehydration solution (ORS) with the postbiotic ABB C22® on diarrhoea and associated inflammation in an elderly population. Methods: Forty-seven participants with diarrhoea were randomized to receive treatment with either ORS enriched with ABB C22®, or standard treatment of ORS with placebo. Participants were treated for a maximum of 14 days across two hospital centres in Barcelona, Spain. The primary endpoints of the study were the reduction in faecal levels of the inflammatory biomarkers calprotectin, lactoferrin and immunoglobulin A. Secondary endpoints included changes in stool consistency and tolerability. Results: At day 14, the ORS + ABB C22® group showed greater reductions from baseline in faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin levels compared with the ORS + placebo group, with lactoferrin-positive cases being halved by day 3. Stool consistency according to the Bristol stool scale improved in both groups. No adverse events were reported in either group. Conclusions: This study highlights that inflammation associated with diarrhoea is often overlooked. While standard ORS improves stool consistency and hydration parameters, it does not address the underlying inflammation in a largely frail population. ABB C22® postbiotic-enriched ORS showed superior anti-inflammatory effects compared with ORS + placebo. These results suggest that postbiotics may offer a novel approach to treating both the symptoms and inflammation associated with diarrhoea. Further research is needed to confirm the clinical benefits of postbiotic-enriched ORS formulations in larger patient populations, and to assess their effect on other digestive diseases.
The Impact of Market Challenges on Adoption of Transitional Beehive in Ethiopia
Authors: Negussa Bayata Amente
Published: January 2025

The adoption of transitional bee hives in Ethiopia faces several challenges, including lack of awareness, high costs, limited access to credit, and limited distribution channels. Traditional hives are preferred by many beekeepers, who are not be aware of the benefits of transitional hives. The high cost of acquiring and maintaining hives also poses a barrier for small-scale beekeepers. Inadequate infrastructure and transportation systems further complicate the adoption process. Government and NGOs are working to raise awareness, provide training, and improve financing and distribution channels, aiming to increase adoption and improve honey production.
Impact of Reduced Tillage Systems and Straw Incorporation on Soil Properties and CO2 Emissions
Authors: Sinkevičienė Aušra , Sinkevičius Alfredas , Bogužas Vaclovas , Steponavičienė Vaida
Published: January 2025

The aim is to investigate the long-term impact of tillage technologies combined with the continuous application of straw and green manure on the sustainability of agroecosystems. Methods: Soil shear resistance was determined in the 0–10 and 10–25 cm soil layers with a Geonor 72,410 hardness tester after the sowing of spring rape and barley or after the resumption of winter wheat vegetation (beginning, middle, and end of the vegetation period) at 10 locations in the field. Soil moisture and temperature were measured in the 0–10 cm soil layer in 10 field locations. A portable soil respiration system LI–8100A with camera 8100–103 was used. Soil moisture was measured with the appendage 8100–204 and soil temperature—with the appendage 8100–203. The measurements started after the sowing of spring rape and barley, before harvest, or after the resumption of winter wheat vegetation and were carried out until autumn at fortnightly intervals in ten locations in the field. Soil CO2 emission (μmol m−2 s−1) was determined by IRGA (Infrared Gas Analyzer). A portable soil respiration system LI–8100A with camera 8100–103 was used. Results: The results showed that reduced tillage systems, compared to conventional deep plowing, resulted in higher soil moisture retention and lower CO2 emissions, showing potential for sustainable agroecosystem management.
Threats to the Vegetation of the Colombian Orinoquia: A Novel Approach for Its Assessment
Authors: Minorta-Cely Vladimir , Niño Larry , Rangel-Ch. J. Orlando , Aymard Gerardo , Sánchez-Mata Daniel
Published: January 2025

In the Colombian Orinoquia, the principal threats to flora and vegetation stem from selec-tive logging and land-use changes. To assess these threats, an ordinal classification was performed based on the conservation urgency of phytosociological alliances and their characteristic flora. A multicriteria model was developed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), incorporating data from IUCN Threatened Species lists, field surveys de-tailing local plant species uses, species geographical distribution, and habitat quality ob-servations. A total of 281 vegetation surveys were carried out in grasslands and 178 in forests. In the grasslands, 258 angiosperm species were recorded, with 13 classified as highly threatened, and one phytosociological alliance categorized as critically threatened. In the forest plots, 546 angiosperm species were identified, with three phytosociological alliances considered highly threatened. Although the use of IUCN categories aids in comparing species’ conservation statuses, these categories do not explicitly reflect the spe-cific threats faced by vegetation types. Therefore, we propose that multicriteria models for threat assessment provide a more nuanced understanding of the threat and conservation status of each vegetation type, offering a more comprehensive framework for conservation efforts.
A Comprehensive Review of the Diagnostics for Pediatric Tuberculosis Based on Assay Time, Ease of Operation and Performance
Authors: Basu Soumya , Chakraborty Subhra
Published: January 2025

Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is still challenged by several diagnostic bottlenecks, imposing a high TB burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Diagnostic turn-around time (TAT) and ease of operation to suit resource-limited settings are critical aspects that determine early treatment and influence morbidity and mortality. Based on TAT and ease of operation, this article reviews the evolving landscape of TB diagnostics, from traditional methods like microscopy and culture to cutting-edge molecular techniques and biomarker-based approaches. We examined the benefits of efficient rapid results against potential trade-offs in accuracy and clinical utility. The review highlights emerging molecular methods and artificial intelligence-based detection methods, which offer promising improvements in both speed and sensitivity. The review also addresses the challenges of implementing these technologies in resource-limited settings, where most pediatric TB cases occur. Gaps in the existing diagnostic methods, diagnostic algorithms and operational costs were also reviewed. Development of optimal diagnostic strategies that balance speed, performance, cost and feasibility in diverse healthcare settings can provide valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers.
Anti-Drug Antibody Response to Therapeutic Antibodies and Potential Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Howard Erin L , Goens Melanie M , Susta Leonardo , Patel Ami , Wootton Sarah K.
Published: January 2025

The development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) poses significant challenges in the efficacy and safety of these treatments. ADAs can lead to adverse immune reactions, reduced drug efficacy, and increased clearance of therapeutic antibodies. This paper reviews the formation and mechanisms of ADAs, explores factors contributing to their development, and discusses potential strategies to mitigate ADA responses. Current and emerging strategies to reduce ADA formation include in silico and in vitro prediction tools, deimmunization techniques, antibody engineering, and various drug delivery methods. Additionally, novel approaches such as tolerogenic nanoparticles, oral tolerance, and in vivo delivery of therapeutic proteins via viral vectors and synthetic mRNA or DNA are explored. These strategies have the potential to enhance clinical outcomes of mAb therapies by minimizing immunogenicity and improving patient safety. Further research and innovation in this field are critical to overcoming the ongoing challenges of ADA responses in therapeutic antibody development.
Analysis and Visualization of Confounders and Treatment Pathways Leading to Amputation and Non-Amputation in Peripheral Artery Disease Patients Using Sankey Diagrams
Authors: Korutla Rajashekar , Tedder Douglas , Brogan Kathryn , Milosevic Marko , Wilczek Michael P. , Shehadeh Naim , Shara Nawar , Ross Elsie G , Amal Saeed
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular surgeries, though lifesaving, can lead to complications requiring further interventions, including amputations. This study uses Sankey diagrams to analyze treatment pathways in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), focusing on those that lead to amputation versus those that do not. The analysis demonstrates pathways that begin with initial treatments, such as anti-platelet therapy and lipid lowering treatment often routes to non-amputation. However, as the flows progress through the diagram, they diverge, leading to distinct outcomes and suggesting areas for early intervention. Amputation pathways are more likely to include revascularization procedures. Confounder analysis, including the risk factors of PAD has been performed to support the insights we obtain from the PAD visualizations. These visualizations highlight patterns in patient care and emphasize the importance of tailored treatment strategies to reduce amputations, offering insights to predict likely outcomes based on treatment sequences.
DCIA Free Flap Mandibular Reconstruction Using Patient-Specific Surgical Guides and Customized Plates: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kim Hyo-Joon , Oh Ji-Su , Moon Seong-Yong
Published: January 2025

Mandibular reconstruction remains challenging in oral and maxillofacial surgery due to its complex anatomy and functional requirements. While Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery (DCIA) flaps offer advantages in bone height and natural contour, their application with computer-aided surgical planning remains limited. This study evaluated the accuracy and clinical outcomes of mandibular reconstruction using DCIA free flaps with patient-specific surgical guides and customized plates in five patients. Virtual surgical planning was performed using CBCT and pelvic CT data to design patient-specific cutting guides and reconstruction plates. All surgeries were performed by a single experienced surgeon using standardized techniques. The mean deviation between virtual planning and actual surgical outcomes was 0.73 ± 0.23 mm, with maximum deviations ranging from 3.87 to 7.83 mm. All flaps achieved 100% survival, with one case (20%) experiencing screw loosening that required plate removal. This complication led to modification of the plate design to include six or more holes in subsequent cases. Despite limitations including small sample size and short follow-up period, our results demonstrate that computer-aided surgical planning with patient-specific devices can significantly improve the accuracy and predictability of DCIA flap mandibular reconstruction, even in challenging revision cases.
Meroterpenoids from Terrestrial and Marine Fungi: Promising Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders—An Updated Review
Authors: Dimitrova Daniela , Dimitrova Simeonka , Kehayova Gabriela , Dragomanova Stela
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Meroterpenoids represent a remarkably diverse class of natural secondary metabolites, some of which are synthesized via terpenoid biosynthetic pathways. Over the past ten years, these compounds have gained interest because of their wide range of biological activities, such as anti-cholinesterase, COX-2 inhibitory, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and cardioprotective properties. This review aims to consolidate the recognized neuroprotective effects of meroterpenoids from marine and terrestrial fungi. (2) Methods: Data compiled from several databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar, include articles published since 2000 using keywords such as “neuroprotective”, “fungi”, “mushroom”, “marine sponge” “Alzheimer's”, and “dementia” in connection with “meroterpenoids”. (3) Results: The reviewed studies indicate that further investigation is required, suggesting that meroterpenoids may serve as promising therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases by modulating different cell signaling pathways and exhibiting different and often combined mechanisms of action to ameliorate neuronal damage and dysfunction. Reported activities include anti-cholinesterase, antioxidant, BACE1 inhibition and anti-inflammatory, all of which have potential in the treatment of dementia associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The advantages of slowing disease progression, enhancing cognitive abilities, and elevating quality of life have been emphasized. (4) Conclusions: Meroterpenoids have the potential to be developed as effective tools for neuropathological diseases. Ongoing research to elucidate the various neuroprotective pathways remains essential and requires further investigation.
A Comparative Study of the Film Adaptation and the Novel Source in "Love, Rosie"
Authors: Safitri Sabila Firdausa
Published: January 2025

This research aims to point out the differences and similarities of the intrinsic elements between Love, Rosie novel and film adaptation as well as to identify the signs and their meanings in Love, Rosie film adaptation. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data were collected through close reading, observation, and finding details in Love, Rosie novel and film adaptation. The data analysis were conducted by comparing the novel and the film adaptation by finding the differences and similarities of the intrinsic elements between the novel source and the film adaptation as well as analyzing cinematography and mise en scène in Love, Rosie film adaptation and decoding the signs that are shown in the film. The findings suggest that there are differences and similarities of the intrinsic elements between the film adaptation and its literary source, furthermore, the signs in the film adaptation uncover the same theme to its literary source. The faithfulness of Love, Rosie film adaptation is established through the theme within the film through the narrative and the technical elements such as the cinematography and the mise en scène of the film.
Keywords: novel, film, comparative, signs, faithfulness
Nationalisation of agricultural lands and forests in Poland after World War II
Authors: Sopiński Michał
Published: January 2025

The article discusses how the post-war nationalisation of agricultural lands and forests, and the associated other expropriation activities were a far-reaching consequence of the outbreak of World War II. The article explains the political and historical circumstances of the nationalisation of agricultural lands and forests in Poland after World War II. Special attention was paid to the legal regulation of nationalisation of agricultural land, as well as the nationalisation of forests and forest lands. The conclusion discusses the legality of land nationalisation from the aspect of the legal acts in force at the time. Based on that, we may conclude that the nationalisation of agricultural lands and forests in Poland after World War II, executed by the communists, did not respect the law, particularly in view of the constitutional issue of pre-war Poland.
Legal Complexities of Agricultural Land Restitution in Romania (1990-2024)
Authors: Veress Emőd , Ilyés Kinga
Published: January 2025

The legal and socio-political complexities of agricultural land restitution in Romania reveal a process shaped by conflicting objectives and administrative hurdles. Initiated after the fall of the Soviet-type dictatorship, restitution aimed to address the injustices of collectivization and nationalization under the former regime. Post-World War II agrarian reforms and especially forced collectivization (1949–1962) dismantled private property rights in favour of collective and state ownership. Restitution policies introduced post-1989, starting with Act No. 18/1991 and evolving through subsequent amendments, attempted to reverse these changes. However, the need to balance transitional justice with socio-political stability led to a protracted and inconsistent process. Key issues include legal hurdles in verifying ownership, practical difficulties in returning land, and the influence of political and economic factors on outcomes. Despite substantial progress in returning property to original owners or their heirs, inefficiency and legal ambiguity have left many claims unresolved, undermining public trust in the restoration of property rights.
The Restitution of Agricultural Land During the Political Regime Change and its Effects on Hungarian Property Relations Today
Authors: Csák Csilla , Hornyák Zsófia
Published: January 2025

In Hungary after World War II, the system of large estates was abolished and private peasant ownership was established. The peasant strata’s desire for land was therefore satisfied within the framework of a micro- and smallholder structure. During the period of collectivisation, the possibility of using peasant land practically disappeared, and the collective use of peasant private property took place within the framework of the producer cooperative system. From the 1960s until the period of the regime change, the cooperative model became dominant in terms of agricultural production. The political regime change of 1989/90 and the associated economic transformation also meant that the system of large-scale cooperative land use was dismantled and lands under cooperative ownership and partly state ownership were privatised. Part of this process was the provision of compensation, which primarily meant state reparation for unjust property deprivations (including land ownership) in the period between 1939 and 1967. This also had negative aspects in terms of the concept of reparations, which did not strengthen the market economy character of agricultural activity and agricultural holdings.
Plan de negocio de funeraria para mascotas - Huellas al cielo para el comercio vía online
Authors:   , Aguilar Pomarino Carol Nattery , Condor Galvez Margot , Osorio Angulo Alejandro Aldair , Zarate Freitas Edson Segundo
Published: January 2025

Huellitas al Cielo busca establecer un crematorio de mascotas con un enfoque respetuoso y compasivo, ofreciendo servicios de calidad para aquellos que desean despedir a sus mascotas de manera digna. El plan estratégico aborda tanto el entorno externo como interno, estableciendo una misión, visión, valores, objetivos estratégicos y estrategias clave. En el ámbito de marketing y ventas, se realiza un análisis profundo del mercado, se identifican segmentos objetivos y se desarrollan estrategias competitivas. La diferenciación se destaca como un componente esencial, mientras que se establecen objetivos de marketing claros y estrategias para producto, precio, distribución y promoción. El presupuesto de marketing y el plan de acción se detallan para garantizar una implementación efectiva. El plan de operaciones define objetivos, servicios, logística, gestión de inventario, canales de distribución y ubicación del crematorio. Se presta especial atención a la capacitación del personal, la tecnología de ventas, la evaluación del rendimiento y la planificación de contingencias. Además, se presenta un sólido plan financiero que incluye presupuesto, gestión financiera y estrategias de expansión. El capítulo de recursos humanos se enfoca en el análisis del entorno laboral, estrategias de recursos humanos, gestión del talento, desarrollo organizacional, compensación y relaciones laborales. Se destaca la importancia de programas de desarrollo y capacitación para el personal. El plan de TIC destaca la importancia de la presencia en línea, con estrategias específicas para desarrollo web, marketing digital, infraestructura tecnológica y seguridad de datos. Se detalla la infraestructura tecnológica necesaria y se presenta un plan de implementación con evaluación de resultados y riesgos. En el capítulo legal, se abordan los trámites para registrar la empresa, el cronograma de constitución, el tipo de persona jurídica, el nombre comercial y la marca. Además, se establece el régimen tributario y laboral, junto con un presupuesto para asegurar la conformidad con la normativa.
Relación de la satisfacción laboral con la ansiedad y depresión del personal de una empresa del rubro oftalmológico de Lima
Authors:   , Silva Huaman Sheila Nila
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Determinar la relación de la satisfacción laboral con la ansiedad y depresión en una empresa del rubro oftalmológico. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en trabajadores con vínculo laboral mayor a un año. Se empleó el Cuestionario de Satisfacción de Minnesota MSQ – short form, categorizado en 5 grupos y La Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS), categorizada cada una en 4 grupos. Realizamos un análisis bivariado y multivariado mediante regresión de Poisson, reportados en razones de prevalencia (RP) crudos y ajustados, con intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: El estudio incluye a 123 trabajadores, de los cuales el 46% eran varones y el 70% era menor de 40 años. El 53.7% de los trabajadores tuvo una satisfacción laboral muy satisfecha, la prevalencia de ansiedad fue de 34,1%, y la prevalencia de depresión fue de 28,5%. La satisfacción laboral estuvo asociada a ansiedad y depresión de forma significativa (p=0,002 y p=0,006 respectivamente). El nivel de satisfacción laboral “muy satisfecho” estuvo asociada a ansiedad (RPa=0,314; IC95%=0,128-0,770; p=0,011) y depresión (RPa=0,345; IC95%=0,124-0,953; p=0,040), luego del ajuste de variables intervinientes. Conclusiones: La ansiedad y depresión presentaron una asociación significativa, con la satisfacción laboral. El nivel de satisfacción laboral “muy satisfecho” fue un factor asociado a ansiedad y depresión, reduciendo la probabilidad de presentar ambos trastornos mentales en los trabajadores.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REACT STRATEGY IN STEM LEARNING ON THE COMPREHENSION OF 3D GEOMETRIC CONCEPTS
Authors: Huda Moh. Khoridatul , Rohman Ahmad Fiki Fatkur , Setiawan Dwi Candra
Published: January 2025

The REACT strategy (Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transferring) is indispensable in STEM education, as it cultivates critical thinking, experiential learning, and practical application, all of which are foundational to effective STEM pedagogy. This research evaluates the effectiveness of the REACT (Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transferring) strategy with the STEM approach versus traditional learning methods on flat surfaces in  shapes, specifically regarding students' comprehension of concepts. The study utilised pre-test and post-test experiments with two groups: an experimental class and a control class - selected randomly through the Randomised Pre-Test Post-Test Control Group Design approach. The research was conducted on grade VIII students of MTsN 2 Kediri. The VIII-A experimental class employed the REACT strategy with the STEM approach, while the VIII-C control class used conventional learning models. The N-Gain Score testing method evaluated the increase in students' comprehension of the mathematical concepts. The findings revealed that the experimental class had an average N-Gain Score of , while the control class had an average score of . The average score for comprehending mathematical concepts for the experimental and control classes was , respectively. The independent sample t-test demonstrated that the experimental class achieved significantly better results than the control class. The student response questionnaires indicated that the REACT learning model received an average score of , categorised as "Good Response." The study concludes that the REACT strategy enhanced students' comprehension of concepts more effectively than conventional learning models.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF E-LKPD USING THE LOK-R MODEL FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE MATERIAL IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Latifah Sri , Wiliyanti Vandan , Sari Intan Permata
Published: January 2025

This research project analyses the creation of an E-LKPD utilising the LOK-R model, based on the principles of scientific literacy, specifically tailored for physics education. This research is intended to: (1) Get to know the development process, (2) Analyze the feasibility, and (3) Determine whether this physics learning material using LOK-R based on science literacy about Electromagnetic Waves is interesting and attractive, and has been integrated with the independent curriculum. The method used is a 4D development method (Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination) created by Thiagarajan, this research methodology. The limitation of this research is only in the development stage. For media experts and material experts, ways to get feasibility test devices and to measure interest from teachers and twelfth-grade students at 3 schools in total. This research was carried out at State High School 01 Bandar Lampung, Private High School Perintis 2 Bandar Lampung, and State High School 10 Bandar Lampung, and here are the research results: E-LKPD Physics Material Using the LOK-R Model Based on Science Literacy on Electromagnetic Waves integrated with the independent curriculum is very suitable and interesting as well as ready to be material for distance learning and can train students to learn independently.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUE-ORIENTED PBL MODEL TO IMPROVE REPRESENTATION ABILITY
Authors: Masruroh Latifa Dwiani , Muna Izza Aliyatul
Published: January 2025

Along with the development of dynamics in science education, the development of education and technology. Teachers are expected to apply a model of learning that can facilitate students so that they have the ability to think creatively, innovatively and critically. The results of a preliminary study conducted at MTs Ma'arif Al-Mukarom showed that representation skills were still relatively low with a learning model that was less varied. This study aims to determine 1.) the activity of students towards learning with a Socioscientific issues-oriented PBL learning model to improve representation ability, and 2.) the effectiveness of the Socioscientific issues-oriented PBL learning model to improve representation skills. This type of research is quantitative, namely experimental research. The population in this study were students in grade VIII with the research sample of class VIII-A as the experimental class and VIII-B as the control class at MTs Ma'arif Al-Mukarom Ponorogo. The data collection techniques in this study were observation of learning implementation, observation of students' activities, and pretest and posttest of representation skills. The results showed that the results of the student activity sheet showed that the percentage of activities in learning obtained an average of 91.67% which was included in the first criterion was very good. In the effectiveness test, the results of the ancova test showed that the class that used the socioscientific issues-oriented PBL model had high representation skills.
Green Growth or Economic Trade-offs? Economic Costs of Environmental Degradation in ECOWAS. A New Perspective from Artificial Neural Network and SEM Analysis
Authors: Boateng Seth Acquah , Asare Andy , Cantah William Godfred , Sebu Joshua
Published: January 2025

Environmental degradation creates unfriendly conditions for economic growth and public health, especially in developing regions like West African countries, where fast industrialization increases these risks, along with precarious environmental legislation. The study aims to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between environmental degradation, health expenditure, and economic growth within the ECOWAS region. The research adopted structural equation modelling (SEM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis to examine the impact of carbon dioxide emission, nitrous oxide emissions, and air quality levels on economic growth, taking health expenditure as the mediating variable. Results of SEM show that carbon emission; and nitrous oxide emission positively influence the economy, while poor air quality negatively affects it, health expenditure mediates the influence of nitrous oxide emission on economic growth with an indirect effect. However, it has an insignificant mediating effect between carbon emissions and air quality. Also, ANN analysis confirms the SEM results that indicate carbon emission has the highest predictive importance. The study, therefore, recommends increased stringency of environmental regulations in the West African region, investment in clean energies, and health infrastructural improvement as ways through which environmental degradation may be minimized to allow the attainment of economic development sustainably.
JEL: H51, P18, Q51, Q53, Q56
Computational Study on Aluminum Corrosion Inhibitive Potentials of Preferred Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives
Authors: Uzah Terngu T. , Ekpenyong Okon O. , Ioryue Ijah S. , Amitaye Azuka N.
Published: January 2025

Aluminum has been a primary metal relic of cultural history since ancient times. They are still widely used today in many different industrial domains. Aluminum, however, is susceptible to the corrosion process in harsh conditions. Numerous traditional protective inhibitors have been developed to counteract this harmful behavior. Sadly, these preventive inhibitors come with several major side effects, including high costs and negative impacts on the environment and human health. Density functional theory (DFT) evaluations were used to extensively examine the potentiality of the E)-2-(4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (MBHC) and N-phenylhydeazinecarbothioamide (PHC): toward the corrosion inhibition of the aluminum surface. The sulfur and nitrogen atoms over the structures of the compounds under investigation were nucleophilic, as indicated by the electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis results. The molecular orbital theory results demonstrated the superior corrosion inhibitor preference of MBHC over PHC. After identifying the optimal MBHC − Al (111) and PHC − Al (111) complex configurations, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out. Remarkably, the MBHC demonstrated a wider range of competence in the corrosion inhibition process of Al (111) than the PHC, as demonstrated by the adsorption energy values of − 461.73 and − 163.43 eV, respectively. These results offer a basis for the creation of environmentally friendly inhibitors that prevent corrosion on aluminum surfaces.
Analysis of Seismo-ionospheric Anomaly Disturbance Associ-ated with the Mw7.6 Mexico Earthquake on 19 September 2022
Authors: Li Zhen , Tao Zhen , Zhang Jing , Cao Yuan
Published: January 2025

Based on GNSS ionospheric data, this paper detected and investigated the pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies of the 7.6 magnitude earthquake that occurred in Mexico on September 19, 2022. 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10.7), sunspot number (SSN), global geomagnetic activity Index (KP) and geomagnetic activity index in equatorial region (DST) are employed to reflect solar and geomagnetic activities, respectively. The result of the sliding quartile range method indicates that the TEC anomaly over the epicenter on 15th day before the earthquake was the most significant, but the geomagnetic activity was abnormal on that day. To further distinguish whether the ionospheric disturbance on 15th day was caused by geomagnetic activity or earthquake, this paper adopts the coherent wavelet to analyze the time-varying relationship between total electron content (TEC) and geomagnetic activity in the time-frequency space. The results show that the correlation between TEC, Kp and Dst is slightly weakened in the low-frequency range due to the enhancement of geomagnetic activity on 15th day, but the phase relationship remained stable. While the strong correlation between TEC, Kp and Dst suddenly disappeared and phase relationship sharply changed after 10th day. This was due to the influence of seismic-ionospheric coupling effect, where the abnormal disturbances in TEC disrupted the pre-existing stable relationship between TEC, Kp, and Dst. Therefore, we conclude that the TEC anomaly on 10th day before the earthquake was the precursor to the Mw7.6 Mexico.
Fusing Dynamics Equation: A Social Opinions Prediction Algorithm with LLM-based Agents
Authors: Yao Junchi , Zhang Hongjie , Ou Jie , Zuo Dingyi , Yang Zheng , Dong Zhicheng
Published: January 2025

In the context where social media emerges as a pivotal platform for social movements and shaping public opinion, accurately simulating and predicting the dynamics of user opinions is of significant importance. Such insights are vital for understanding social phenomena, informing policy decisions, and guiding public opinion. Unfortunately, traditional simulation approaches struggle. This study proposes a groundbreaking solution to address this issue: the Fusing Dynamics Equation-Large Language Model (FDE-LLM) algorithm, which uniquely blends opinion dynamics with an epidemic modeling framework. This innovative approach effectively aligns the actions and evolution of opinions in Large Language Models (LLMs) with the true complexities of the cyber landscape. The FDE-LLM categorizes users into two roles: opinion leaders and followers. The Cellular Automata (CA) model manages opinions guided by LLM role-playing. In contrast, opinion followers are integrated into a dynamic system that combines the CA model with the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model. This innovative design significantly improves the accuracy of the simulation. Our experiments utilized four authentic datasets from Weibo. The result demonstrates that the FDE-LLM significantly outperforms traditional Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) algorithms and LLM-based algorithms. The result highlights its superior accuracy and interpretability, underscoring its potential to revolutionize the understanding of social media dynamics.
Association between plasma eosinophil count and chronic kidney disease: results from the NHANES 2005-2018 and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jiang Yu , Lan Yanli , Jiang Jinhong , Dai Guanmian
Published: January 2025

Background: This investigation seeks to examine the association between plasma eosinophil count(PEC) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related traits such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), additionally elucidating the causal relationship via Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: To evaluate the association between PEC and the risk of CKD and related traits, weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was conducted using data from the NHANES 2005–2018. Survival curve analysis was also employed to examine the relationship between PEC and prognosis in CKD patients. Furthermore, a two-sample MR study leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to explore the causal links between PEC and CKD, eGFR, and UACR. The primary inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, alongside supplementary MR techniques, was used to verify these causal associations. Pleiotropy and heterogeneity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of the results. Results: A total of 36,291 participants were included in the NHANES observational study. Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression indicated that PEC was significantly associated with a higher risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.654; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.413–1.936). PEC also showed a strong positive correlation with both lower eGFR and elevated UACR (≥ 30 mg/g). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that higher eosinophil counts were linked to worse long-term survival in CKD patients. MR analyses further supported a causal link between genetically predicted PEC and increased CKD risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.095 [95% CI, 1.026–1.169]; P = 0.006). A causal relationship between PEC and eGFR (OR, 0.991 [95% CI, 0.985–0.996]; P = 0.001) was also observed. However, no significant association was identified between PEC and UACR (OR, 1.044 [95% CI, 0.906–1.204]; P = 0.547). Pleiotropy and heterogeneity analyses were conducted to confirm the robustness of the findings. Conclusion: PEC shows a significant association with CKD and reduced eGFR, suggesting a potential causal role in their development. While PEC is also significantly linked to UACR, the MR analysis found no evidence of a causal relationship between PEC and UACR.
A risk model for prediction of residual back pain after percutaneous kyphoplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
Authors: Rong Yi , Zhu Yihua , Yu Hao , Yin Heng , Hua Zhen , Shao Yang , Li Shaoshuo , Ye Jiapeng , Guo Yang , Ma Yong , Wang Lining , Wang Jianwei
Published: January 2025

Background
Severe residual back pain (RBP) after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) significantly impacts postoperative prognosis and quality of life in patients. This study aims to identify the risk factors for RBP in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) following PKP, and to establish and validate a risk prediction model for RBP occurrence after PKP, so as to deepen our understanding of the risk of RBP after PKP, and improve clinical management strategies.
Methods
647 patients with OVCF who had PKP surgery from 2018 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. 569 cases were used for training the model, and 78 for external validation. The study focused on RBP occurrence after PKP. A nomogram for risk prediction was constructed and the model was tested for accuracy and clinical applicability. Additionally, bootstrap sampling (1000 times) was used for internal validation.
Results
Based on the model training set, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that relatively young age, bone mineral density, history of trauma, low back fascia edema, high platelet distribution width value, low serum chlorine value, and no recovery of middle vertebral height were independent risk factors for RBP after PKP (P ≤ 0.05). Calibration curves of the model training and validation sets were between the standard curve and the acceptable line. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test indicated that the model training and validation sets were χ2 = 6.354 and χ2 = 7.240, respectively (P = 0.608 and 0.511). The clinical decision-making curve showed that the threshold probability interval of the net benefit value of the model was 6.3–82.3% for the training set, 8.7–55.6%, and 72.5–81.3% for the validation set.
Conclusion
Each independent risk factor and the combined model had good predictive ability, while the combined model had a more vital predictive ability. The constructed nomogram model for predicting RBP risk showed good diagnostic efficacy, accuracy, and clinical applicability and provided a scientific rationale and guidance for clinical prevention and treatment.
Trial registration
Clinical trianumber not applicable Study design Retrospective casecontrol study.
Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptomic analyses reveal the potential mechanism of resistance of Akebia trifoliata to acid rain stress and mitigation effects of curcumin
Authors: Tao Xingmei , Wang Kai , Bi Xiaoxu , Zhang Yongfu
Published: January 2025

Acid rain is a global ecological issue severely threatening crop growth. Curcumin (CUR), a natural antioxidant, can enhance the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses via physiological and molecular modes. As both medicine and food, Akebia trifoliata exhibits high economic value. The resistance mechanism of A. trifoliata to acid rain and mitigation effects of CUR remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the plant growth, physiological characteristics of leaves, anatomical structure, and gene expression of A. trifoliata under acid rain stress before and after treatment with exogenous CUR. The results indicated that under acid rain stress, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and starch and thicknesses of upper and lower epidermis of leaves decreased by 58.16%, 77.88%, 64.77%, 63.85%, 58.93%, and 35.57%, respectively. Moreover, MDA, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline contents and production rate of oxygen free radicals increased by 82.55%, 43.20%, 44.55%, 64.40% and 345.77%, respectively. This suggested that acid rain stress affected the growth and development of A. trifoliata. A. trifoliata resisted acid rain stress by increasing SOD and CAT activities; thickness of leaf, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue; and ratio of palisade/spongy tissue. However, exogenous CUR could effectively facilitate plant growth, maintain integrity of anatomical structure of leaf, and relieve the damages to A. trifoliata caused by acid rain stress, and 50 µmol/L (CUR50) was the most optimal concentration. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CUR0 vs Control, CUR50 vs Control, and CUR50 vs CUR0 had 2978, 1760, and 323 DEGs, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were involved in eight pathways, among which protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism were the key metabolic pathways via which CUR mitigated the effects of acid rain stress. This study revealed the potential mechanism of response of A. trifoliata to acid rain stress and mitigation effects of exogenous CUR via physiological, anatomical, and transcriptomic analyses, thereby providing theoretical references for phytoremediation in the acid rain zone.
Effect of Laser Energy Consumption on Early-Stage LUTS after HoLEP: Comparison of Symptom Improvements between Low and High Energy Consumed Procedures
Authors: Liu Ke , Zong Youlong , Xiao Ruotao , Tang Shiying , Ye Jianfei , Zhao Lei , Xiao Chunlei , Zhang Shudong
Published: January 2025

Purpose
To compare early-stage lower urinary tract symptoms following low and high energy consumed holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP).
Methods
Eighty patients who underwent HoLEP at our hospital between May 2020 and December 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. All procedures were performed applying a single laser device with the same power settings. Patients were divided equally into two groups (low vs. high) according to total laser energy (TLE), L/P ratio (TLE/resected prostate weight), and laser rate (TLE/enucleation time), successively. The follow-up points included 1-week, 2-week, 3-week, 1-month, and 3-month, postoperatively. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the subscores of storage (IPSS-S) and voiding (IPSS-V) were assessed and compared between the two groups. Urinary incontinence and complications were also compared between the groups.
Results
The mean baseline IPSS, IPSS-S, and IPSS-V scores were comparable between the groups. The 1-week, 3-week, and 3-month IPSS-V in the low-TLE group were significantly higher than that in high-TLE group (5.23 ± 4.5vs3.15 ± 4.36, P = 0.034; 3.88 ± 3.53vs1.43 ± 1.97, P<0.001, 3.30 ± 4.68vs1.78 ± 3.22, P = 0.019, respectively). No significant differences between the groups were revealed when TLE was adjusted for enucleation weight (L/P ratio) or enucleation time (laser rate). There were also no significant differences between the groups regarding urinary incontinence and complications at each follow-up point.
Conclusion
Low and high energy consumption have similar effects on symptoms in the early stages after HoLEP. Higher laser energy does not result in more severe postoperative storage symptoms.