bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Learning Control of PMA-Actuated Knee-Joint Rehabilitation Training Device Based on Fuzzy Neural Network
Authors: Li Xiao , Hong Xia , Guan Ting
Published: February 2011

To solve the problem of the delay, nonlinearity and time-varying properties of PMA-actuated knee-joint rehabilitation training device, a self-learning control method based on fuzzy neural network is proposed in this paper. A self-learning controller was designed based on the combination of pid controller, feedforward controller, fuzzy neural network controller, and learning mechanism. It was applied to the isokinetic continuous passive motion control of the PMA-actuated knee-joint rehabilitation training device. The experiments proved that the self-learning controller has the properties of high control accuracy and unti-disturbance capability, comparing with pid controller. This control method provides the beneficial reference for improving the control performance of such system.
Optimal Control Algorithm of a Dynamic Continuous Systems
Authors: Xing Jin Sheng
Published: February 2011

This paper discussed the optimal control problem on dynamic continuous systems. A two-level optimal control algorithm is proposed. It first converts the original problem into the parameters optimal control problem, and then, the optimal control to the original problem is selected from the set of solutions of parameters optimal control. Theoretical base of the algorithm is established. Simulation results show that the algorithm is effective.
Modelling and Verification of Vending Machine Systems by Using Timed Petri Nets
Authors: Huang Yi Sheng , Row Ter Chan
Published: February 2011

This paper focuses on the use of Deterministic timed Petri net (DTPNs) to model a coffee vending machine system. The advantage of the proposed approach is that the clear presentation of the behaviors of the coffee vending machine in terms of conditions and transitions that cause the state alternations. The analysis of the control models is performed by a state transition diagram. Then the dynamic properties of the control method will be obtained. To our knowledge, this is the first work that employs DTPNs to obtain the model of the vending machine control system.
Experimental Identification Approach of Dynamic Parameters of Precise Horizontal Machining Centre Based on Component-System
Authors: Liu Zhi Feng , Chu Zhong Hua , Cheng Qiang , Liu Guang Bo , Xuan Dong Sheng
Published: February 2011

This paper integrates experiment modal analysis and the analytical modal analysis to study on the vibration phenomena occurring occasionally at the different components of a precise horizontal machining centre. The paper is focused on extracting the mode shape of the major components of the machine in order to ensure resonance phenomena as a cause of vibration. At first the main natural frequencies with the corresponding modes of vibration of the machine structure are obtained by the experiment modal analysis. Then the dynamic behavior of the machine components is simulated using a finite element simulation model. The comparison of the results based on finite element calculation with their experimental counterparts shows the reasonableness. The model is evaluated and corrected with experimental results by modal testing of the machine components.
Study on Mechanics of Laminated Veneer Lumber for Wood Bridge Based on China Southern Plantation
Authors: Zhang Zhong Feng , Zhou Xian Yan , Li Jin Hao , Wu Feng Juan , Peng Wan Xi
Published: February 2011

In order to select the optimal production technology for laminated veneer lumber of wood bridge, the properties and mechanics of experimental samples made by China southern plantation were analyzed. The experiment results showed that: the best production technology mode was 1.6min/mm hot process time, 4 MPa hot process pressure and 25 mm board thickness. And the eucalyptus veneers were fit to make laminated veneer lumber for wood bridge.
Study on Heat Release Behavior of Smoked Bamboo Biomass by TD-GC-MS
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ma Qing Zhi , Zhang Zhong Feng , Peng Wan Xi
Published: February 2011

Smoked bamboo has been put into mass production. However, many heat release volatiles would produce air pollution during thermoplasticization process. Therefore, the heat release behavior of smoked bamboo biomass was studied by TD-GC/MS to make full use of and prevent the pollution of the volatile materials. The main constituents were acetic acid(43.95%), cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-(15.89%), octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9, 11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl-(8.22%), 1,3-benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (4.8%), cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl-(4.51%), etc at 100°С. And the main constituents were acetic acid(42.05%), 1-phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde,7-ethenyl- 1,2,3,4,4a, 4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydro-1,4a,7-trimethyl-(8.42%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-,(1r)- (8.12%), cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-(6.17%), 1,3-benzodioxole, 5-(2- propenyl)-(5.26%), 4-nitro-4'-chlorodiphenylsulfoxide(3.13%), etc at 115°С. The heat release volatiles of smoked bamboo biomass might be used as biomedicines. Particularly, the volatiles had good application prospects and popularized value in purification of cedrol and acetic acid.
Design of Cantilever Semi-Ball Valve Seat Assembly Machine
Authors: Li Tie Cheng
Published: February 2011

Basing on the analyzing assembly technology of the double eccentric semi-ball valvular, the boom-type assembly machine is designed to assemble half spherical valvular. The assembly machine can provide larger transmit torque at the ending tighten step, though the changing of two speeds and releasing the energy of flywheel. Semi-ball valve seat assembly machine will greatly increase the manufacture of semi-valve level and the production efficiency. And it has a good application value.
The Application of Modal Analysis in Hole-Defect in Lumber
Authors: Song Shi Quan , Xu Hua Dong , Wang Li Hai
Published: February 2011

Larch lumbers were tested by using modal analysis technology and Frequency response functions (FRF) were derived. Modal parameters, including first 4 intrinsic frequency and first 3 modal shape, were distinguished by single modal method. Research shows that the intrinsic frequency of hole-defect lumbers is little lower than standard lumbers’ and the change rate of frequency is becoming larger gradually with the diameter of hole-defect. However, it can not judge the position of the hole-defect by the change rate of frequency. The modal shape of the node near the hole-defect always jumps abruptly, so it can estimate the particular position of hole-defect in the lumber. The variation of modal shape is becoming larger gradually with the diameter of hole-defect. It can make qualitative and quantitative estimate to the hole-defect in the lumber by considering intrinsic frequency and modal shape together.
True RMS Detection of Non-Sine Wave for Power Grid
Authors: Che Xin Sheng , Gu Xiao Xue , Wang Li
Published: February 2011

Simple multimeter can not measure True RMS of power frequency if there mixed harmonic components. In order to solve this problem, a method is adopted to design a measurement system by using STC Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM). It changes current into voltage by using I/V conversion circuit. Then analog signal turns into digital signal through AD converter. Finally, the Single Chip Microcomputer treats and calculates the data by the RMS algorithm. Sampling frequency of the system is set as 6400sps by Single Chip Microcomputer. This kind of designment uses software instead of hardware and reduces the costs. The realization of the system shows the validation and transportability of the algorithm. The testing data show that this system can measure True RMS of power frequency. The relative full scale error is smaller than 1.284%.
Research of Noise Induced Intermittent Chaos in Power Converter
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhou Yu Fei , Chen Jun Ning , Yuan Fang
Published: February 2011

This paper analyzes the working process of current-mode controlled Boost converter and finds that the system will produce the physical phenomenon of intermittency chaos when the converter works in the period windows of chaos zone and external noise reaches certain intensity. It can observe the phenomenon of noise-induced intermittent chaos and it also analyzes the relationship between noise intensity and induced intermittent chaos, the relationship between the noise intensity threshold and circuit parameters in resulting intermittent chaos from the perspective of numerical simulation. The research has an important theoretical and practical significance to nonlinear science and it can provide a reliable theoretical reference for the stable design of switching power converters.
Mechanical Parameter Analysis of Rock Material via PLSR Model
Authors: Liu Zao Bao , Xu Wei Ya , Xu Fei , Wang Lin Wei
Published: February 2011

Mechanical parameter analysis is a complicated issue since it is influenced by many factors. Closely related with the influencing factors of compressibility coefficients of rock material (sandstone), this article first introduces the way to process partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis. The process of carrying out PLSR is divided into six steps as for analysis and prediction of the regression model, which are data preparation, principle collection, regression model for first principle component, secondary principle analysis, establishment of final regression model and number determination of principal component l. And then introduces PLSR for application of analysis and prediction of compressibility coefficients with 30 experiment samples. Seven prediction samples are carried out by PLSR with the training process of 30 samples. The result shows PLSR has good accuracy in prediction under the condition that the model is properly deprived based on certain experimental samples. Finally, some conclusions are made for further study on both mechanical parameters and partial least square regression method.
The Prediction on the Size and Location of Internal Defects of Standing Trees Using Ultrasonic Technology
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Li Hai , Xu Hua Dong
Published: February 2011

A new method was proposed to determine the size and location of the internal deficiency of the standing trees using the acoustic velocity of the ultrasonic, and the method was explained in specific on the process of how to put it into practice. Through the comparison of the experiment on defective Dahurian Larch between the ultrasonography and the Resistance Drilling, the results proved that the method was available and concluded the accuracy of this method when testing deficiency. Meanwhile, the average transmission velocity of the ultrasonic in Dahurian Larch was obtained through large amount of experimental data.
Prediction of Forces in Micro-Cutting and the Study Based on Simulation
Authors: Xiao H. , Wu Wen Ge , Mei W.T.
Published: February 2011

In micro-cutting process, a remarkable characteristic of micro-Cutting is that cutting parameters level closing to the crystal grain msize of material. Though, the prediction formula of micro-cutting forces should reference to strain gradient plasticity theory in formula construction , while cutting edge radius had been regard as a important parameters in the process of micro-cutting. With advantedge FEM software for simulation of micro-cutting , the results show that, there was no significant effect of temperature on cutting force; strain gradient reaction will be decreased by feed rate’s reducing in process, cutting depth effected cutting force in linear mode, the max. workpiece temperature area is no longer the second deformation area but the primary deformation zone, while the max. temperature area of the tool would transfer to the tool tip from theoretical location of traditional cutting.
Bayesian Image Denoising Using an Anisotropic Markov Random Field Model
Authors: Cui Yan Qiu , Zhang Tao , Xu Shuang , Li Hou Jie
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a Bayesian denoising method based on an anisotropic Markov Random Field (MRF) model in wavelet domain in order to improve the image denoising performance and reduce the computational complexity. The classical single-resolution image restoration method using MRFs and the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation is extended to the wavelet domain. To obtain the accurate MAP estimation, a novel anisotropic MRF model is proposed under this framework. As compared to the simple isotropic MRF model, this new model can capture the intrascale dependencies of wavelet coefficients significantly better. Simulation results demonstrate our proposed method has a good denoising performance while reducing the computational complexity.
Composition and Microstructure of Laser Cladding of 316 Stainless Steel
Authors: Zhang Kai , Li Miao Yan , Zhang Xin Min
Published: February 2011

Laser Metal Deposition Shaping (LMDS) is a Rapid Manufacturing (RM) process that can be classified under the area of layered manufacturing techniques, where parts are built in layers. Parts of any complexity can be built directly from the 3D CAD model without much human intervention and requires minimum post-processing. In fact, LMDS technique can be recognized as multilayer laser cladding. Accordingly, it is necessary to perform the elementary laser cladding experiments with common metal powder so as to better understand the LMDS process. Then the characteristics of microstructure, composition and phase of as-deposited clads were analyzed through SEM and XRD, as well as relative model. The results prove that the microstructure of 316 stainless steel deposits is composed of the slender dendrites growing epitaxially from the substrate, and the composition is uniform without obvious segregation. Besides, it can be deduced from XRD diagram that the microstructure is composed of mono-phase γ.
Designing of Assembly Cell by CA System Support
Authors: Javorova Angela , Hrušková Erika , Velíšek Karol
Published: February 2011

This paper deals with a designing process of assembly cell using CA systems. Methodology solved in the paper is applying CA tools. The methodology is divided in to five main project phases: assembly product analysis, hardware specification, selection of proper control system, control system simulation and whole process simulation.
Simulation of the Fixed-Point Number Arithmetic
Authors: Wang Feng , Zheng Xiao Li
Published: February 2011

The fixed-point number arithmetic is always the key and difficult point of the computer organization. It is the basic knowledge of the computer organization. Because there are many operation methods of the fixed-point number and the operation process of it is complicated, the fixed-point number arithmetic is not easy for students to learn. The lack of the software to help the students do simulation computation is the biggest problem in the current teaching of the knowledge. To solve the problem, the simulation software of the fixed-point number arithmetic is developed with C++builder. The software is made up of "the fixed-point integer two's complement addition" module, "the fixed-point decimals two's complement addition" module, "the fixed-point integer two's complement subtraction" module, "the fixed-point decimals two's complement subtraction" module, "the sign-magnitude 1-bit multiplication"module, "the Booth's Algorithm"module, "the sign-magnitude two bits multiplication"module, "the two's complement two bits multiplication"module, "the sign-magnitude recovery remainder division"module, "the sign-magnitude unrecovery remainder division"module, "the two's complement unrecovery remainder division"module, etc. In order to test the simulation software, the test case is designed for the fixed-point arithmetic. According to the designed test case，the detailed test is carried out. The test results show that its simulation effect is good. The simulation software realizes the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of the fixed-point number successfully. The CAI (computer-assisted instruction) can be carried out through the software. The software can help the students be familiar with and master the fixed-point number arithmetic rapidly.
The Effect of Organizational Support and Self Efficacy on the Usage Intention of E-Learning System in Hospital
Authors: Chuo Ying Hsiang , Tsai Chung Hung , Lan Yu Li
Published: February 2011

This purpose of the study is to develop the usage intention model of E-Learning systems. A survey of 1071 samples of six teaching hospitals in Taiwan shows that the effects of organizational support and self efficacy on usage intention are mediated by perceived ease of use and perceived useful. According to the statistical results, the proposed model fits very well for the samples. Besides, both organizational support and self efficacy are important antecedents of perceived ease of use and perceived useful. In addition, perceived ease of use has the most influence on usage intention, followed by perceived useful, organizational support, and self efficacy. Further investigation reveals that organizational support and self efficacy have both direct and indirect influences on usage intention. This research can provide E-Learning designers and managers of the hospital with the implication that we must focus not only on the technological aspect (perceived ease of use and perceived useful), but also on the social psychological aspect (organizational support and self efficacy).
Research on Noise Reduction in Boiler Room - An Actual Case on North Boiler Room
Authors: Zhou Ji Hong , Tan Jian Guo , Wang Hong Xia , Ma Hai Zhen
Published: February 2011

As to the noise pollution of the Hebei University of Engineering north boiler room, we have conducted a series of actual research, monitoring, and analysis of the spectrum of various monitoring sites. According to the results of the spectrum analysis, we found the noise source and proposed noise reduction measures, namely the establishment of sound insulation room in which the drums and induced draft fan installed, and the wall of the room are appended acoustic sound--absorbing material. The results show that this noise reduction method is feasible.
The Application of an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm in Mobile Robot Path Planning
Authors: Zhu Xiao Guang , Han Qing Yao , Wang Zhang Qi
Published: February 2011

This paper presents an improved ant colony algorithm to plan an optimal collision-free path for mobile robot in complicated static environment. Based on the work space model with grid method, simulated foraging behavior of ants and to serve the mobile robot path planning, update the conventional ant colony algorithm with some special functions. To avoid mobile robot path deadlock, a dead-corner table is established and the penalty function is used to update the trail intensity when an ant explores a dead—corner in the path searching. The simulation results show that the algorithm can improve performance of path planning obviously, and the algorithm is simple and effective.
Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Self-Adaptive and Chaos Theory
Authors: Zhang Hong Ye
Published: February 2011

An image encryption algorithm based on self-adaptive and chaos theory is presented. The scrambling transformation is completed with Logistic chaos and S-box first. Then self-adaptive image encryption scheme is used to deal with gray transformation for each pixel and image encryption is finished at last. Theoretical analyses and simulated experiment show that the proposed image encryption algorithm provides perfect results, larger key space, simple and easy to be implemented and fast running speed, so this encryption algorithm has excellent performance against many kinds of attacks and has strong practicality.
Effects Analysis of Mobile Phone’s Signal to Space-Borne Radiometer
Authors: Huang Ying Zhu , Zhang Sheng Wei , Zhang Yu , He Jie Ying
Published: February 2011

This paper investigates the mobile phone’s interference to the 183.31 GHz receivers of the MWHS (Microwave Humidity Sounder) in the FY-3 Meteorological Satellite by a set of related experiments, by which way finds the interfering path. And it analyses the influence of the mobile station’s interference to the orbiting Space-borne Microwave Radiometer in theory. The factors related to the jamming distance and their forces are analyzed. The way to prevent and resolve the interference is proposed and it has been proved by the experiment.
Research on CNC Key Technology for High Speed Milling
Authors: Zhao Zhen Yu , Liang Dong Ying , Xiao Yong Shan , Liu Bai
Published: February 2011

At present, high speed machining (HSM) features in high efficiency, high precision, high flexibility and high quality. HSM technology involves many factors, including cutting mechanisms, machining performance, tool path and other aspects. The key techniques on HSM such as linear interpolation, circular interpolation, cubic B-spline curve interpolation, non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve interpolation and their respective characteristics are paid more attention and expatiated.
Modeling and Analysis of Continuously Electronics Infrared Heating Oven
Authors: Song Jin Chun , Li Shao Guang , Wang Chang Zhou
Published: February 2011

Based on research of the Infrared Heating Oven, an important equipment of the zinc plating production line, the paper established the mathematical model using the principle of heat transfer, and analyzed main influencing factors such as thickness, width, speed of the strip and characteristic parameters of the coating. Both the steady and unsteady-state heat conduction are considered, which provide more accurate theory basis for the design and use of infrared heating oven. And through the theoretical derivation, the relationship between input voltage and output power was made out, which will better fulfill the convenient control.
The Research of Sinai Chaos Mapping Method to Mechanism Synthesis
Authors: Luo You Xin , Liu Qi Yuan , Zeng Bin
Published: February 2011

Many questions in natural science and engineering are transformed into nonlinear equations to be found, Newton iterative method is an important technique to one dimensional and multidimensional variables and iterative process exhibits sensitive dependence on initial guess point. The property of chaos serials produced by Sinai chaos mapping method was analyzed. For the first time, a new method to find all solutions based on utilizing Sinai chaos mapping to obtain locate initial points to find all solutions of the nonlinear questions was proposed. The numerical examples in linkage synthesis and approximate synthesis show that the new method is correct and effective.
A Maneuvering Target Tracking Algorithm Based on Gaussian Filter for Multiple Passive Sensors
Authors: Yang Jin Long , Ji Hong Bing , Liu Jin Mang
Published: February 2011

When tracking a maneuvering target by multiple passive sensors, two problems need to be considered, one is the nonlinear problem, another is the maneuvering problem. Taking these into account, a Gaussian ﬁlter (GF) for nonlinear Bayesian estimation is introduced based on a deterministic sample selection scheme, which can solve the nonlinear problem better than the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). Then, a new maneuvering target tracking algorithm is proposed based on the GF and Interacting Multiple Mode (IMM), called IMM-GF method in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance than the IMM-EKF and IMM-UKF in tracking a maneuvering target for multiple passive sensors.
A Hybrid Approach for Information Systems Security Risk Assessment under Uncertain Environment
Authors: Feng Nan , Xie Jing , Wu Ying Xin
Published: February 2011

In electronic business environment, it is critical for an enterprise to assess information systems security (ISS) risks. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for ISS risk assessment. Given there is a great deal of uncertainty in the ISS risk assessment, in the hybrid approach, we combine the evidence theory with fuzzy sets to deal with the uncertain evidence found in the ISS risk assessment. The proposed approach provides a new way to define the basic belief assignment in fuzzy measure. Moreover, the approach also provides a method of testing the evidential consistency, which can reduce the uncertainty derived from the conflicts of evidence. Finally, the approach is further demonstrated and validated via a case study, in which the effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated by comparing it with other methods.
Optimal Control of Large Flood of Ankang Reservoir
Authors: Chang Ming Qi
Published: February 2011

Located in the upper stream of the Hanjiang River, the Ankang Reservoir is a large hydro-junction mainly for electric power generation as well as for flood prevention and shipping. Rainstorms in the Hanjiang River in summer have high occurrence with concentrated floods characterized by sudden surge and sudden fall. Considering staggering the Hanjiang River and the Yuehe River flood peaks, on the premise of ensuring the dam safety and meeting the flood prevention requirements of Ankang Town, this Thesis establishes the mathematical model for the Ankang Reservoir large flood multi-objective optimal deployment, adopts the progressive optimality algorithm (POA) to solve the model to work out the optimal control with the inconsistent objectives of flood prevention and power generation during large flood and gives examples. The result shows that the mathematical model is workable and practicable and the solution methods are rapid and accurate.
Three Dimensional Highway Real-Time Visual System Design and Application
Authors: Li Hai Feng , Xu Xue Jun , Fu Xin Sha
Published: February 2011

With the fast development of the freeway construction in China and the increasing demand of the improvement of the landscape and safety in the highway system, the traditional method of the highway alignment design cannot meet the need mentioned above. A Three dimensional highway real-time visual system (3DHVS) is developed as a basic platform for the highway visual and physics simulate, which had many merit in the highway alignment, landscape and safety design by the means of fly-through, interactive and physics simulation with the virtual scene. By analyzing the disadvantage of the widely used design method, a performance and expansible architecture of 3DHVS is presented. Finally, we show the application of the system.
The Research of Real-Time Image Acquisition and Sobel Edge Detection with FPGA
Authors: Xu Yang , Li Ping , Yuan Jian Jun , Xiang Min
Published: February 2011

As the real-time image acquiring and processing need to be dealt with high speed, a image acquisition and preprocessing system is discussed in this paper. It is built on FPGA( field programmable gate array ) with pipelined and parallel technology. The configurable macro function modules provided by Altera company achieve the Sobel edge detection algorithm. The real-time display the image after edge detection works properly and The new design method shorten the development cycle.
A Sensor Data Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Liu Yue , Jia Zhong Tian
Published: February 2011

One of the major difficulties of wireless sensor network (WSN) applications is how to efficiently manage the large amount of data produced by sensors. The differences from standard database source pose challenges of sensor data management. In this paper, we propose a novel sensor data management architecture based on our extensive discussion on existing works. The hierarchical system model consists of sensor network layer and proxy network layer. Sensor network layer performs limited computation and communication while being managed intelligently by the proxy network. The proxy network receives sensor data, manages sensor data and processes queries in a distributed manner. We also provide insight into possible research directions in this area.
Concept of Active Measurement
Authors: Cao Qing Song , Liu Dan , Zhou Ji Hui , Zhou Jian Min
Published: February 2011

In an ideal situation, good measuring system can be designed if exact information is known concerning performance and structures involved during the lifetime of the measuring object. But in the real world uncertainties of object exist in this information as well as in the method of measurement. To account for these uncertainties, concept of active measurement has been presented in this paper. Nowadays, scale transform and smart sensor have been applied for realizing elementary active measurement technique, the objective herein is to present measuring method of actively adjusting structure based on these factors. The practicality of this concept is illustrated with an engineering system using wire rope nondestructive testing device, double-point measurement device with eddy current probe as sensors is designed. Mathematical model of the rope’s characteristics and real-time quantity to trim of measure device is established according to relative spacing between sensors and rope. The idea of active control is introduced here, adjusting instrument structure timely based on mathematical relationships and feedback information will achieve the active measurement.
Simplified Calculation for Thermal Deformation of Scroll Wrap Height in a Small-Parameter Scroll Compressor
Authors: Qiang Jian Guo
Published: February 2011

For the scroll wrap in small-parameter scroll compressor, its temperatures under stable operating condition are analyzed and the simulations for thermal deformation of scroll wrap height are performed. By fitting the simulations, a formula for simplified calculation of thermal deformation of scroll wrap height is proposed. The maximum deviations between simplified calculations for thermal deformation of orbiting scroll wrap height in a scroll compressor and simulations by FEM are no more than 5%, so the simplified calculation for thermal deformation of scroll wrap height is feasible. The experiment for the scroll compressor in which the orbiting scroll wrap is modified based on simplified calculation shows the modification for scroll wrap considering deformation of scroll wrap height can improve obviously the performances of scroll compressor. At the same time, reducing the temperature differences between the discharge and suction temperatures, limiting scroll wrap height, using the material having lower thermal expansion coefficient, and selecting a larger thickness of scroll wrap are other several effective means to reduce the influence of thermal deformation of scroll wrap height and to improve the performance of scroll compressor in engineering practice.
Fuzzy Logic Based Sensors Data Fusion for Mobile Robot Navigation
Authors: Parasuraman S. , Shirinzadeh Bijan
Published: February 2011

In this paper, a sensor data fusion technique is proposed to develop the effective robot navigation and optimize the navigation rules using a Modified Fuzzy Associative Memory (MFAM). MFAM provides good flexibility to use multiple input space and reduction of rule base for robot navigation. The behavior rules obtained from MFAM model are tested using the experimental studies and results are discussed and compared with the existing methods.
Design of Touch Screen Driver Based on Linux
Authors: Zhang Dong Yu
Published: February 2011

This paper introduces the touch screen driver design based on Linux plays an important role in applications of touch screen. In order to further explore embedded touch screen driver design, and then optimize and improve existing drivers at practice level, this paper accomplished the design of touch screen driver using SPI interface and ADS7843 touch screen chip controller based on Samsung S3C2410s microprocessor. We designed the touch screen hardware interrupt program using the bottom half mechanism of the kernel timer, utilized 16 clock cycles of coordinate conversion sequences to achieve touch point based data acquisition and present the process of coordinate collection. The touch screen driver ran well on the UP-NETARM2410-S platform. The hardware design was verified to be simple and reliable while the corresponding software accomplished touch state detection and touch data conversion efficiently. The touch screen control method is simple, efficient and easy to realize.
Pricing Scheme Based Nash Q-Learning Flow Control for Multi-User Network
Authors: Li Xin , Yu Hai Bin
Published: February 2011

For the congestion problems with multi-user existing in high-speed networks, a pricing scheme based Nash Q-learning flow controller is proposed. It considers a network with a single service provider, and some non-cooperative users. The pricing scheme is introduced to the design of the reward function in the learning process of Q-learning. Because of the uncertainties and highly time-varying, it is not easy to accurately obtain the complete information for high-speed networks. The Nash Q-learning, which is independent of mathematic model, shows particular superiority. It obtains the Nash Q-values through trial-and-error and interaction with the environment to improve its behavior policy. By means of learning process, the proposed controller can learn to take the best actions to regulate source flow with the features of high quality of service. Simulation results show that the proposed controller can promote the performance of the networks and avoid the occurrence of congestion effectively.
Research of WBS-Based Project Quantitative Portfolio Decision-Making Model
Authors: Ba Xi , Li Jiang Shuai , Wang Jia Li , Wu Yun Na
Published: February 2011

Reviewed the research status of portfolio decision-making at home and abroad; On the background of project portfolio management theory, a large number of the current model of portfolio decision-making were researched. From the perspective of project managers, Taking work breakdown structure(WBS) as the basis and combining with portfolio management systems and 0-1 programming model , expanded 0-1 programming project quantitative portfolio model was proposed. This model will provide a reference for the research of project quantitative portfolio decision-making.
QP-Free Method for Nonlinear Programming Problems
Authors: Jiang Ai Ping , Huang Feng Wen
Published: February 2011

In this paper, A QP-free feasible method was proposed to obtain the local convergence under some weaker conditions for the minimization of a smooth function subject to smooth inequalities. Based on the solutions of linear systems of equation reformulation of the KKT optimality conditions, this method uses the 3-1 NCP function[1].The method is iterative, which means each iteration can be viewed as a perturbation of a Newton or Quasi Newton on both the primal and dual variables for the solution of the equalities in the KKT first order conditions of optimality, and the feasibility of all iterations is ensured in this method. In particular, this method is implementable and globally convergent without assuming the strict complementarity condition, the isolation of the accumulation point and the linear independence of the gradients of active constrained functions. The method has also superlinear convergence rate under some mild conditions.
Generation and Growth of Atomic-Scale Roughness at Surface and Interface of Silicon Dioxide Thermally Grown on Atomically Flat Si Surface
Authors: Hayashi Yuusuke , Hasunuma Ryu , Yamabe Kikuo
Published: February 2011

Atomic force microscopy measurements are carried out on the surface and interface of SiO2 thermally grown on an atomically flat Si surface, and the uniformity of thickness on an atomic scale is investigated. Protuberances on the surface of SiO2 grown at 800 °C in 3.8 % O2 diluted by argon at the atmospheric pressure are generated in the initial stage of oxidation and subsequently increases in height at the same positions. The surface RMS value of SiO2 linearly increases up to the thickness of approximately 5 nm, which almost corresponds to what was called the initial oxidation thickness. This fact indicates that the roughness increase is related to the re-oxidation of SiO emitted from the Si/SiO2 interface during the initial oxidation. Additionally, the surface RMS value is saturated at a value of approximately 0.13 nm. A correspondence between the position of the dimples on the surface and the positions of the protuberances at the interface is also clear. The fact is the direct evidence of the local thinning of the thermally grown SiO2 films. Based on these results, an atomic scale thermal oxidation mechanism is discussed.
Nano-Surface Modification of Silicon with Ultra-Short Pulse Laser Process
Authors: Setsuhara Yuichi , Hashida Masaki
Published: February 2011

An ultra-short pulse laser process is presented that is based on a photon-induced phonon excitation process for low-temperature nano-surface modification of silicon. The present methodology is based on the concept that the energy required for re-crystallization and activation of the implanted dopants is supplied to the dopant layer via a nonequilibrium adiabatic process induced by ultra-short pulse laser irradiation at room temperature. An ultra-short pulse laser beam with a pulse duration of ~ 100 femtoseconds has been used in the present work for the investigation of surface excitation features via pump-probe reflectivity measurements and for demonstrations of room-temperature re-crystallization and activation of ion-implanted silicon substrates.
Strained Ge and Ge1-xSnx Technology for Future CMOS Devices
Authors: Nakatsuka Osamu , Takeuchi Shotaro , Shimura Yosuke , Sakai Akira , Zaima Shigeaki
Published: February 2011

We have investigated the growth and crystalline structures of Ge1-xSnx buffer and tensile-strained Ge layers for future use in CMOS technology. We have demonstrated that strain relaxed Ge1-xSnx layers with an Sn content of 12.3% and 9.2% can be grown on Ge and Si substrates, respectively. We achieved a tensile-strain value of 0.71 % in Ge layers on a Ge0.932Sn0.068 buffer layer. We have also investigated the effects of Sn incorporation into Ge on the electrical properties of Ge1-xSnx heteroepitaxial layers.
Influences of Carrier Transport on Drain-Current Variability of MOSFETs
Authors: Ohmori Kenji , Shiraishi Kenji , Yamada Keisaku
Published: February 2011

We have investigated the static variability of p-MOSFETs by evaluating the drain current under various conditions of gate and drain voltages. The value of drain current variability (σId/Id) is proportional to (LW)-1/2 before the short channel effect appears, being similar to that of Vt variability. The magnitude of σId/Id decreases as the gate overdrive (Vg-Vt) decreases, and it is classified into two regimes that correspond to the carrier conduction mechanisms, namely diffusion and drift transports. This result strongly suggests that the dominant factors for determining σId/Id values are related to the carrier conduction mechanisms.
Analysis of Threshold Voltage Variations in Fin Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Tsutsui Kazuo , Kobayashi Yusuke , Kakushima Kuniyuki , Ahmet Parhat , Rao V.Ramgopal , Iwai Hiroshi
Published: February 2011

To conduct analyses of variability of threshold voltage (Vth) in FinFETs whose structures are based on the ITRS, sensitivity coefficients of variations of Vth caused by the fluctuation of principal device parameters were derived by device simulation. The sensitivity coefficient correlated with each device parameter was separated into two factors: one due to an intrinsic mechanism (1D factor) and another due to short-channel effects (2D factor). The 1D and 2D factors were found to cancel each other out in some cases, thereby reducing the sensitivity coefficient. Based on these results, FinFETs with various structures were examined and controlling short-channel effects was demonstrated to be an effective way to reduce the variation in the threshold voltage.
Tunable Single-Electron Turnstile Using Discrete Dopants in Nanoscale SOI-FETs
Authors: Moraru Daniel , Yokoi Kiyohito , Nakamura Ryusuke , Miki Sakito , Mizuno Takeshi , Tabe Michiharu
Published: February 2011

An individual dopant atom may become the active unit of future electronic devices by mediating single-electron transport in nanoscale field-effect transistors. Single dopants can be accessed electrically even in a dopant-rich environment, offering the opportunity to develop applications based on arrays of dopants. Here, we focus on single-electron turnstile operation in arrays of dopant-induced quantum dots realized in highly-doped nanoscale transistors. We show that dopant-based single-electron turnstile can be achieved and tuned with a combination of two gates and we indicate guidelines for further optimization.
SiGe-Mixing-Triggered Rapid-Melting-Growth of High-Mobility Ge-On-Insulator
Authors: Sadoh Taizoh , Toko Kaoru , Kurosawa Masashi , Tanaka Takanori , Sakane Takashi , Ohta Yasuharu , Kawabata Naoyuki , Yokoyama Hiroyuki , Miyao Masanobu
Published: February 2011

We have investigated the Si-seeding rapid-melting process and demonstrated the formation of giant Ge stripes with (100), (110), and (111) orientations on Si (100), (110), and (111) substrates, respectively, covered with SiO2 films. We revealed that crystallization is triggered by Si-Ge mixing in the seeding regions in this process. Based on this mechanism, we have proposed a novel technique to realize orientation-controlled Ge layers on transparent insulating substrates by using Si artificial micro-seeds with (100) and (111)-orientations. This achieved epitaxial growth of single crystalline (100) and (111)-oriented Ge stripes on quartz substrates. The Ge layers showed a high hole mobility exceeding 1100 cm2/Vs owing to the high crystallinity.
Development of Novel Nano-Structure Functional Coatings with the Use of the Original Hybrid Device
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Adam , Smolik Jerzy
Published: February 2011

A unique, original hybrid technological device, developed by the authors of the article, enabling the application of lots of different surface engineering methods in one technological process, including arc evaporation, ion nitriding, ion etching, ion implantation and electron beam evaporation is presented. The hybrid technological device has technical possibilities for the simultaneous realisation of different surface engineering methods in the same vacuum chamber. This results in the realization of advanced technological processes with the use of different surface engineering methods for forming the coating’s properties in one multi-stage technological process. Different surface engineering methods use different plasma sources and different methods of the atmosphere creation and often require different supply and control systems. A possibility of combining a few different surface treatment methods in one technological process is provided by a unique hybrid device. Selected applications of hybrid surface engineering technologies executed with the use of this original hybrid device, i.e. creation of the nano-multilayer and nano-composite Cr/Ni-Cr3C2coatings increasing the erosion wear resistance and creation of multi-layer coatings with increased thermal resistance – Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) are presented
Ion Beam Deposition for Novel Thin Film Materials and Coatings
Authors: Goikhman A.Y. , Sheludyakov S.A. , Bogdanov E. A.
Published: February 2011

The Ion Beam Deposition (IBD) technique is not very widespread, but simple and very powerful methodic of thin film preparation, allowing to obtain high quality, smooth and very uniform films on big substrate areas (until 40 cm diameter), by target ablation with high energy particles in high vacuum. For the bombarding of the target is convenient to use the charged particles – ions of Ar, because they are easy to disperse in the electric field. Also, including neutralizing system, allow to obtain high-energy neutrals, irradiating the target, producing thin films from any kind of solid targets: from simple metals to complex conducting and non-conducting stoichiometric alloys. Thus, energy of condensing target particles is an average from several units to tens of eV. In the present contribution, we discuss the possibilities and advantages of IBD technology on application examples, including results of functional properties research of Ti, TiO2, SiO2 and Ag thin films for medicine applications, Ni, NiOx, Co and CoO single layers and structures for spintronics applications, and TiO2-SiO2, Ti-Zr-O-SiO2 multilayer structures for laser mirrors applications, produced by IBD system. Good structural, morphological quality (with roughness ~ 0.3 nm) and high uniformity on big areas along with right phase and stoichiometric state is demonstrated by convenient standard techniques for the structures prepared under the optimized growth conditions.
Shape-Memory Alloy Thin Strip Rotary Actuator
Authors: Tobushi Hisaaki , Pieczyska Elzbieta , Miyamoto Kouji , Mitsui Kento
Published: February 2011

The torsional deformation properties of a TiNi shape-memory alloy thin strip were investigated. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The martensitic transformation starts at the edge of the thin strip. (2) The fatigue life in pulsating torsion is longer than that in alternating torsion. (3) A simple rotary driving element can be developed by using SMA-thin strip torsion.
Homogeneity of Bulk Nanostructured Titanium Obtained by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Authors: Topolski Krzysztof , Garbacz Halina , Pachla Wacław , Kurzydlowski Krzysztof J.
Published: February 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the homogeneity of the bulk nanocrystalline titanium rods obtained by Hydrostatic Extrusion (HE). The investigated material was commercially pure titanium grade 2. The final products of extrusion were nanocrystalline rods with diameters of 7 and 10 mm and lengths of about 250 mm. The size and shape of the grains were examined on transverse sections using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The grain size was determined by the average grain equivalent diameter d2. The grain size diversity was quantified in terms of the equivalent diameter coefficient of variation CV (d2). The samples for the microscopic analyses were cut from various regions of the rods i.e. top, end, centre, and from surface of the rods. In all the samples, the average grain size determined on transverse sections was about 70 nm and the nano-grains in the various regions of the rods were similar in the shape. The examinations demonstrated that the nanostructure of the extruded rods was homogeneous. This observation was confirmed by the results of microhardness measurements.
Modeling and Simulation of Robotic Material Removal Process in Uncertainty Environment
Authors: Wang Xian Lun , Cui Yu Xia
Published: February 2011

The interaction force and the environments uncertainties are the most challenges for robotic material removal process. The conventional constant force control methods for the deburring process have the inherent characteristic of leaving the deburred surface as an imprint of the original. A process force model considering the burrs variation is presented to predict the contact force in robotic machining process. A self-tuning fuzzy strategy is adopted to implement the on-line compensation for the static error caused by the traditional impedance controller. The fuzzy controller is adjusted by an updating factor to select the most appropriate fuzzy rule set based on the measured performance results. Simulation results show efficacy of the proposed method in robotic machining process, and the control performance is better than that of a traditional impedance controller.
First-Principles Study of Adsorption Properties of NO2 on Boron-Doped Silicon Carbide Nanotube
Authors: Ding Rui Xue , Yang Yin Tang , Song Jiu Xu
Published: February 2011

To explore a novel sensor to detect the presence of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), we investigate reactivity of boron-doped (B-doped) single-walled (8,0) silicon carbide nanotube (SiCNT) with NO2. Based on density functional theory, the structure and electronic properties of the B-doped SiCNT with and without the adsorption of NO2 molecule have been calculated. Results show that a stable adsorption between the nanotube and the gas molecule is formed and the conductivity of the SiCNT is improved obviously. B-doped SiCNT is expected to be a potential candidate for detecting the presence of NO2.