bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPT OF PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND CONSUMPTION IN ISLAMIC ECONOMICS
Authors: Ilmy Rizky Maidan
Published: July 2019

During the last two decades, two economic ideologies which experienced world development namely socialism and capitalism were competing to prove their selves as the most rightful and the most potential in solving economical problems which was faced by people. Yet, both of them were judged failed to serve solutions in solving the main classic economic problem of people. Islamic Economy was introduced as the alternative in solving the problems. One of the idea from Islamic Economy ideologies is the concept of production, distribution, and consumption. The research methodology, which was used in the research was descriptive-qualitative method, the data collection was conducted through combining theories from different references. The research aims to acknowledge how the concept of production, distribution, and consumption in Islamic Economy works. The research findings includes: 1) the production concept in Islamic Economy should be based on three main basic aspect namely the aspect of belief, knowledge, and deed; 2) the production concept in Islamic Economy should be based on the basic principle of Islamic Economy namely individual freedom, social insurance, prohibition in accumulating wealth, and fair wealth distribution; 3) the concept of consumption in Islamic Economy to only fulfill daily needs not the wants.
Upaya Meningkatkan Gerak Dasar Lempar Tangkap Melalui Permainan Frisbee
Authors: Ramdani Ramdani , Sumarno Gano
Published: July 2019

Permsalahan penelitian ini adalah lemahnya pola gerak dasar lempar tangkap dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani di sekolah dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengungkapkan apakah penerapan pembelajaran frisbee games dapat meningkatkan pola gerak dasar lempar tangkap pada siswa sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas V B di SDN Kartika Sejahtera 01 Kabupaten Bogor. Desain penelitian atau langkah-langkah penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas yaitu perencanaan atau planning, tindakan atau acting, pengamatan atau observing, dan refleksi atau reflecting. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi, GPAI (Game Performance Assessment Instrument), catatan lapangan, dokumentasi, dan evaluasi. Pemecahan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah implementasi pembelajaran frisbee games dapat meningkatkan pola gerak dasar lempar tangkap pada siswa sekolah dasar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan memperoleh hasil dari proses pembelajaran siswa pada pra observasi 50,31% dan siklus 1 tindakan 1 adalah 56,79%, siklus 1 tindakan 2 adalah 59,41%, siklus 2 tindakan 1 adalah 67,59%, dan siklus 2 tindakan 2 adalah 75,15%. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan dan analisis data, kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah penerapan frisbee games dapat meningkatkan dan memperbaiki pola gerak dasar lempar tangkap pada siswa sekolah dasar. Saran yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan hasil yang lebih optimal, dilakukan dengan siklus berikutnya.
Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Taktis Dan Tanggung Jawab Dalam Permainan Bola Voli Melalui Penerapan Volley Ball-Like Games
Authors: Handika Ilham , Slamet Suherman
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan rendahnya pemahaman siswa dalam rasa-bermain (games-sense) dan sikap tanggung jawab siswa dalam pembelajaran permainan bola voli di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan pendekatan bermain (volley ball-like games) dan model Hellison dapat meningkatkan  nilai pemahaman taktis dan tanggungjawab siswa dalam pembelajaran permainan bola voli. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua  siklus, di mana tiap satu siklus dilaksanakan dengan dua kali tindakan penelitian. Subjek penelitian adalah kelas VB SD Negeri Gegerkalong KPAD Kota Bandung, dengan subyek sebanyak 38 orang siwa dan siswi  terdiri dari 23 siswi dan 15 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data antara lain dengan observasi, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi kegiatan pembelajaran selanjutnya dilakukan analisi data. Teknik analisi data yang digunakan adalah teknik presentase. Hasil presentase siklus I tindakan I sebesar (52%) siklus I tindakan II sebesar (59%) , siklus II tindakan I sebesar (71%)  dan siklus II tindakan II sebesar (80%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap pemahaman dan nilai tanggung jawab siswa dalam permainan bola voli telah menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan bermain dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan  tanggungjawab siswa.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Hellison Untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Tanggung Jawab Siswa Dalam Penggunaan Alat Pembelajaran Penjas
Authors: Ginanjar Gilang , Budiana Dian
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran Hellison dapat meningkatkan nilai tanggung jawab siswa dalam penggunaan alat pembelajaran Penjas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas, dengan model penelitian adaptasi dari Elliott. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua  siklus, tiap satu siklus dilaksanakan sebanyak dua kali tindakan penelitian. Subjek penelitian merupakan siswa kelas  V  33 orang  terdiri dari 17 siswi dan 16 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data antara lain dengan observasi, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi kegiatan pembelajaran selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan teknik persentase. Hasil presentase siklus I tindakan I sebesar 43% siklus II tindakan II sebesar 63% , siklus II tindakan I sebesar 83%  dan siklus II tindakan II sebesar 90%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap  nilai tanggung jawab siswa dalam penggunaan alat pembelajaran Penjas telah menunjukkan bahwa model Hellison dapat meningkatkan rasa tanggungjawab siswa. AbstractThis study aims to determine whether hellison learning model can improve the value of student responsibility in the use of  physical education learning tools . This research uses classroom action research with adaptation research model from Elliott. The study was conducted in two cycles, each cycle was carried out twice. The subjects of the study were students of class V 33 people consisting of 17 boys and 16 girl. Data collection techniques, among others, with observation, field notes, and documentation of learning activities then data analyzed using percentage techniques. The result of the first cycle percentage of action I was 43% second cycle II action 63%, cycle II action I was 83% and second cycle II action was 90%. Based on the results of research on the value of student responsibility in the use of physical education learning tools  has shown that the Hellison model can improve student responsibility.
Uji Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Test Of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) Dale A. Ulrich Pada Anak 9 Tahun
Authors: Apriyani Indri , Suntoda Andi , Budiman Didin
Published: July 2019

The TGMD-2 test is one of the motor development tests developed by Ulirch in 1985. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of validity and reliability of the TGMD-Ulrich test in grade 3 SDN Sukaluyu Bandung. This research is based on the curiosity of researchers whether the TGMD-2 test is feasible in use in elementary school in Bandung, especially for Physical Education lesson. This research uses descriptive method with quantitative approach. The subjects of this study were 135 students at SDN 201 Sukaluyu Kota Bandung. It was implemented on 27 March 2018. The data collection technique used is a structured non-participant obsevation technique. The result of the research indicates that TGMD-2 test on grade 3 students of SDN 201 Bandung City has significant validity with result t count 2,27> t Table 1.65 and for reliability, after done data analysis has been described that this test has a level reliability is very high with a degree of reliability correlation coefficient worth 0.765. Thus, these tests are said to be consistent or have a high degree of stability. AbstrakTes TGMD-2 ini merupakan salah satu tes perkembangan gerak yang di kembangan oleh Ulirch pada tahun 1985. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat validitas dan reliabilitas dari tes TGMD- Ulrich pada siswa kelas 3 SDN Sukaluyu Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rasa ingin tahu peneliti apakah tes TGMD-2 layak di gunakan untuk siswa SD di Kota Bandung, khususnya untuk pembelajaran penjas. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 135 siswa di SDN 201 Sukaluyu Kota Bandung. Pengkajian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 27 maret 2018. Teknik pengumpulan data yang di gunakan adalah teknik obsevasi  nonpartisipan yang terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tes TGMD-2 pada siswa kelas 3 SDN 201Sukaluyu Kota Bandung memiliki validitas yang signifikan dengan hasil t hitung 2,27 > t Tabel 1,65 dan untuk reliabilitas, setelah di lakukan analisis data telah di gambarkan bahwa tes ini memiliki tingkat reliabilitas yang sangat  tinggi dengan derajat koefisien korelasi reliabilitas senilai 0,765. Dengan demikian, tes ini dikatakan konsisten atau memiliki derajat keajegan yang cukup tinggi.
Keterampilan Motorik Kasar dan Halus Anak Usia Dini Usia 4-5 Tahun pada Kelompok Sosial Ekonomi Status Orang Tua Tingkat Menengah
Authors: Sumarno Gano , Stephani Mesa Rahmi , Wibowo Ricky
Published: July 2019

Early childhood motor development is important to know, as an effort to identify children's talents and abilities. Early detection also needs to be known to determine what efforts can be taken to optimize child development. This study aims to provide a description of gross and fine motor development in children aged 4-5 years who are associated with parents' socio-economic status (SES). The research method used descriptive quantitative method, with Ex-Post Facto design. The study population was children 4-5 years old Kindergarten and Raudhatul Athfal in urban areas with Intermediate (Middle and Upper and Lower Middle) SES levels. The sample was chosen by cluster random sampling. Participating samples have received parental approval. SES is measured using the SES Questioner. Motor skills were measured using ASQ 3rd Edition. Efforts to increase active lifestyles in early childhood require the role of a fairly large parent. Good gross motoric development is the child's initial capital to be able to carry out more complex motion tasks. Fine motoric is no less important to continue stimulated both in the home and school environment. Because this plays an important role as a basis for children to be able to write and read, as well as doing simple motor tasks. AbstrakPerkembangan motorik anak sejak dini penting untuk diketahui, sebagai upaya identifikasi bakat dan kemampuan anak. Deteksi dini pun perlu diketahui untuk menentukan upaya apa saja yang bisa ditempuh untuk mengoptimalkan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran perkembangan motorik kasar dan halus pada anak usia 4-5 tahun yang dihubungkan dengan latar belakang sosial ekonomi status  (SES) orang tua. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan desain Ex-Post Facto. Populasi penelitian adalah anak Taman Kanak-kanak dan Raudhatul Athfal  berusia 4-5 tahun di wilayah perkotaan dengan tingkat SES Menengah (Menengah Atas maupun Menengah Bawah).  Sampel dipilih dengan cluster random sampling. Sampel yang berpartisipasi telah mendapatkan persetujuan orang tua. SES diukur menggunakan SES Questioner. Keterampilan motorik diukur menggunakan ASQ 3rd Edition. Upaya peningkatan gaya hidup aktif pada anak usia dini memerlukan peran orang tua yang cukup besar. Perkembangan motorik kasar yang baik merupakan modal awal anak untuk mampu melakukan tugas gerak yang kian lama kian kompleks. Motorik halus pun tidak kalah penting untuk terus distimulasi baik di lingkungan rumah maupun sekolah. Karena hal ini sangat berperan penting sebagai dasar bagi anak untuk mampu menulis dan membaca, juga mengerjakan tugas motorik yang sederhana.
THE CHALLENGE OF ETHICAL-CULTURAL PLURALISM TO THE UNIVERSALITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: ARCOS RAMÍREZ FEDERICO
Published: July 2019

One of the main criticisms directed against the legitimacy of internationally recognized human rights is that they are ethnocentric or parochial. The examination of this objection leads to the conclusion that it is not relativism but cultural-ethical pluralism the main challenge to the universal validity of human rights. Ethical pluralism queries that the justification of human rights that has prevailed since the approval of the UDHR has arbitrarily given, under a deceptive appearance of universality, a weight far superior to individualistic values than to collectivistic. After examining some of the main attempts to overcome this challenge (the constructive theory of human rights and justificatory minimalism), the one based on the defense of a kind of ethical individualism compatible with a moderate ethical objectivism is defended as a preferable alternative.
TOWARDS RECONSTRUCTING THE MEANING OF INHUMAN TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT: A HUMAN CAPABILITY APPROACH
Authors: BOULOS SONIA
Published: July 2019

The prohibition on “inhuman treatment” constitutes one of the central tenets of modern international human rights law. However, in the absence of any legislative definition of the term "inhuman", its interpretation becomes challenging.  The aim of this article is to critically analyze the interpretation of the term “inhuman” in international human rights law and to suggest a new approach to defining it. The first part of the article highlights the failure of supra-national institutions to provide an independent definition for the term “inhuman”, while mistakenly equating it to other forms of ill-treatment. The second part of the article introduces philosophical concepts necessary for reconstructing the conceptual independence of the term inhuman. It primarily focuses on “the capability approach” and the notion of “human functioning”, as developed by Martha Nussbaum.
FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSENT (FPIC) IN MEXICO: ELEMENTS FOR ITS CONSTRUCTION AND CHALLENGES
Authors: ISRAEL HERRERA JOSE
Published: July 2019

Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) - Consultation has become one of the most powerful tools indigenous people and minorities have to generate a dialogue and begin a negotiation in the country to face Government decisions, private companies seeking to carry out any work or when legislative measures are about to be implemented on their territories with a possibility of damaging them. In Mexico, this right is based over a group of not articulated among themselves normative foundations. This end up causing confusion and uncertainty on its application. This article presents elements to review the FPIC - Consultation foundations in Mexico for discussion and theoretical deepening in the light of human rights.
Supranumerário: a Importância do Tratamento Ortodôntico Precoce
Authors: Dias Flaviana Alves , Dos Santos Lucineide Lima , De Almeida Marcio Rodrigues , Conti Ana Cláudia De Castro Ferreira , Oltramari Paula Vanessa Pedron , Fernandes Thais Maria Freire , De Almeida Renato Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe presence of supernumeraries may lead to irruptive problems, such as impacted teeth, functional and aesthetic disorders. The present study describes two clinical cases, with anterior teeth eruption disorders caused by additional dental elements, treated early. Patients presented with aesthetic involvement, with delay in the emergence of the upper incisors. The clinical and radiographic examinations detected the presence of obstacles to the teeth eruption. Early treatment with 2x4 appliance was realized, followed by final corrective orthodontics. After restoration of the dimension for retained teeth, there was spontaneous eruption in clinical case 1 and need of traction in clinical case 2. When patients reached the complete permanent dentition, a corrective phase was performed with the objective of detailing the dental occlusion and finishing the treatment. The early diagnosis of teeth impacted and supernumerary, provide the achievement of adequate occlusion and positive aesthetic of patients, with good prognosis, avoiding psychological and functional problems caused by absence of anterior teeth. Keywords Interceptive Orthodontics. Supernumerary Tooth. Ectopic Tooth Eruption. ResumoA presença de supranumerários pode ocasionar problemas irruptivos, como impacção de dentes, desordens funcionais e estéticas. O presente trabalho descreve dois casos clínicos abordados precocemente, com alterações na irrupção de dentes anteriores devido a presença de supranumerários. Os pacientes apresentavam queixas estéticas, com atraso no aparecimento dos incisivos superiores. Os exames clínico e radiográfico detectaram a presença de barreiras irruptivas.  Realizou-se tratamento precoce com auxílio da mecânica 4x2, seguido pela ortodontia corretiva final. Após etapa de restabelecimento da dimensão para os dentes retidos, houve irrompimento espontâneo no caso clínico 1 e necessidade de tracionamento no caso clínico 2. Quando pacientes atingiram a dentição permanente completa, realizou-se uma fase corretiva com o objetivo de detalhamento da oclusão dentária e finalização do tratamento. O diagnóstico precoce de impacção dentária e detecção de supranumerários favoreceu a restituição de oclusão adequada e estética dos pacientes, com prognóstico muito favorável, evitando problemas psicológicos e funcionais provocados pela ausência de dentes anteriores. Palavras-chave: Ortodontia interceptora. Dente supranumerário. Erupção ectópica de dente.
Oral Health in Primary Care through the Family Health Strategy
Authors: Silva Aline Claudia Ribeiro Medeiros , Molari Mário
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to carry out a literature review on oral health team in primary care with their inclusion in the Family Health Strategy (FHS). The publications were consulted in national papers, official documents and other publications of Health Ministry (MS). In the literature it is observed that with the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS) a process of health restructuring services in Brazil began. The Primary Care National Policy (PNAB) is the result of several historical facts involved with the development and consolidation of SUS. The Family Health Program (PSF), now called the Family Health Strategy (ESF) was created in 1994 aimed at reorienting health care with new bases, centering family focus and attempting to achieve improvement in quality of life of Brazilians. In 2000, oral health teams were included in the PSF to extend access  of the Brazilian population to health promotion actions, prevention and recovery of oral health, improve health indicators and encourage the reorganization of dentistry in primary care. ESF is a unique strategy in the reorganization of the Brazilian health system and the inclusion of the ESB an important complement in primary care, aiming an integral dental practice. Keywords: Primary Health Care. Family Health Strategy. Oral Health. ResumoO presente artigo tem o objetivo de realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a equipe de saúde bucal na atenção básica, através da sua inserção na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). As publicações consultadas foram artigos científicos nacionais, documentos oficiais (leis e portarias) e outras publicações do Ministério da Saúde (MS).  Na literatura observa-se que com a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) iniciou no Brasil um processo de reestruturação dos serviços de saúde. A Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB) é resultado da experiência acumulada de vários atores envolvidos historicamente com o desenvolvimento e a consolidação do SUS. O Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), atualmente denominado Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), foi implantado em 1994 visando a reorientação da prática da atenção à saúde sob novas bases, centrando o foco na família, na tentativa de alcançar uma melhoria na qualidade de vida dos brasileiros. Em 2000, as equipes de saúde bucal foram inseridas no PSF com o objetivo de ampliar o acesso da população brasileira às ações de promoção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde bucal, melhorar os indicadores de saúde, além de incentivar a reorganização da odontologia na atenção básica. A ESF consiste em uma estratégia ímpar na reorganização do sistema de saúde brasileiro e a inclusão da ESB um importante complemento na atenção básica, visando uma prática odontológica integral. Palavras-chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde. Estratégia Saúde da Família. Saúde Bucal.
Conceptualizing mediatization: Is `Have your say´ a kind of transnational public sphere for public deliberation?
Authors: Castro Baía Reis António Alberto
Published: July 2019

The present essay aims to reflect on the questions of how the BBC news website discussion forum Have your say is organized and to what extent it can be considered as a transnational or global public sphere for public deliberation. In order to do so, one must firstly look at this discussion forum in terms of its structure, so that we can comprehend in a descriptive and formal way what is Have your say. Then, to try to understand and suggest what exactly Have your say is in terms of the possibility of being a global public sphere for public deliberation, one must tackle into a reflection that encompasses the concepts of transnational/global public sphere (Habermas, 1996; Castells, 2008), public deliberation (Pateman, 1970; Drvzek, 2000; Abelson et al., 2003), as well as some mediation/mediatization paradigms. The goal of this essay is to provide an objective academic reflection by attempting to frame this specific online phenomenon within the concepts above mentioned, to ultimately argue and prove that online discussion forums such as Have your say are by definition ambivalent. 
The present tense of mediatization studies
Authors: Wojtkowski Łukasz
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the theoretical and methodological analysis of mediatization understood as (1) the process of social transformation effected by media changes, and interrelated with other social processes, (2) and as the area of studies. Mediatization seems to be one of the most stable, capacious, and significant concept in last twenty years. Its influence on sociology, media and communication studies, and cultural studies, is substantial and followed by strong critique. Hence, the main goal of this paper is an up-to-date analysis of mediatization from theoretical and methodological perspectives. In three consecutive parts I analyse the historical phases, dominant theoretical and research perspectives, and methodological perceptions of mediatization. In this inquiry I argue that: (1) historical and spatial mediatization studies need to be developed in more complex way; (2) from dominant mediatization perspectives the institutional approach is one of the most theoretically and methodologically elaborated, (3) mediatization is in pre-paradigm phase in terms of scientific evolution, (4) critical mediatization studies should emerge, since mediatization analyses tend to neglect the economy as an important part of transformation processes.

 
Mediations of the body: towards biosurveillance and biocontrol
Authors: Celiński Piotr
Published: July 2019

In this essay I focus on the problem of biomedia with its ability to enable biosurveillance and biocontrol. This next stage of the contemporary panoptical surveillance state and the society of control, is about direct mapping of the body to replace the representational logic of traditional surveillance media. It undermines human subjectivity and the integrity of his or her body by crossing such natural boundaries as the skin, senses and mind, and connecting with its molecules, neurons and organs.
Transformacja kultury wyborczej na Ukrainie: od praktyk autorytarnych do modelu demokratycznego
Authors: Makar Jurij , Rotar Natalia
Published: July 2019

Autorzy przeprowadzają analizę transformacji kultury wyborczej na Ukrainie od praktyk autorytarnych do modelu demokratycznego. Korzystanie z reguł metodologicznych współczesnej nauki politycznej, ukształtowanych w angielsko-amerykańskim dyskursie politologicznym, umożliwiły uzasadnienie tego, że zmiany w kulturze wyborczej Ukrainy w kierunku demokratyzacji stały się możliwe w latach 2014–2018. W tym procesie istotną rolę pełniły również czynniki o charakterze cywilizacyjnym. Europejskie stałe cywilizacyjne w postaci tradycji historycznych, wartości kulturowe oraz cechy mentalności mają istotny wpływ na preferencje elektoralne wyborców. Właśnie one kształtują wybór określonego rodzaju narodowego lidera politycznego, który współcześnie ostatecznie uzyskał cechy polityka europejskiego. Jednocześnie pewne archetypy świadomości politycznej Ukraińców – etatyzm, kolektywizm, radykalizm polityczny, uwidoczniają się w ich kulturze wyborczej w postaci orientacji na partię władzy, które z pewnym stopniu hamują ostatecznie zadomowienie się modelu demokratycznego kultury wyborczej na Ukrainie.
Kultura jako nietradycyjne kryterium państwowości w stosunkach międzynarodowych
Authors: Pawłowski Konrad
Published: July 2019

Artykuł zwraca uwagę na istotne znaczenie kultury w procesie powstania, funkcjonowania, dysfunkcji i upadku państw. Definiuje kulturę jako jedno z najważniejszych i złożonych zjawisk społecznych, wskazując równocześnie, że wywiera ona wpływ na niemal każdy indywidualny i grupowy wymiar ludzkiej egzystencji. Zwraca także uwagę na złożoność i dynamiczny charakter relacji między kulturą i państwem oraz podkreśla, że każde państwo posiada swoją unikalną tożsamość kulturową. Pomimo faktu, iż kultura na gruncie prawa międzynarodowego i doktryny stosunków międzynarodowych nie jest zaliczana do kryteriów państwowości, artykuł podkreśla niezwykle istotną rolę kultury w procesie państwowotwórczym oraz jej wpływ na ontologiczny i funkcjonalny wymiar państwowości, stwierdzając, że należałoby uznać kulturę za dodatkowe i nietradycyjne kryterium państwowości. Autor artykułu zwrócił również uwagę na dwukierunkowy charakter relacji między państwem i kulturą, wskazując, że przez różnego rodzaju działania administracyjne, prawne, edukację oraz politykę kulturalną państwa świadomie kształtują krajobraz kulturowy, co prowadzi do kulturowej unifikacji populacji, tj. procesu budowania narodu politycznego, będącego charakterystycznym elementem narodowego i terytorialnie określonego państwa westfalskiego.
Aktualność wschodnich koncepcji Jerzego Giedroycia
Authors: Hofman Iwona
Published: July 2019

Jerzy Giedroyc wydawał miesięcznik „Kultura” w latach 1947–2000 w Maisons Laffitte pod Paryżem. Stopniowo „Kultura” stawała się specyficznym ośrodkiem politycznym opartym na publicystyce takich autorów, jak: Juliusz Mieroszewski, Bohdan Osadczuk, Leopold Unger. Mieroszewski był twórcą tzw. koncepcji wschodniej, zakładającej dobrosąsiedzkie stosunki suwerennej Polski z niepodległymi państwami: Ukrainą, Litwą, Białorusią, które wyłonią się wskutek rozpadu ZSRR. Koncepcja ta zrodziła się już w latach 50. XX wieku, a termin ULB został użyty po raz pierwszy w 1973 roku. Oddziaływanie przez publicystykę polegało na przekonaniu opinii publicznej do racjonalizacji sporów historycznych i uznania aspiracji niepodległościowych narodów tworzących w przeszłości Rzeczpospolitą. Po przemianach geopolitycznych i ustrojowych w Europie u schyłku XX wieku uznano, że koncepcja wschodnia „Kultury” ma wymiar aktualny i może stanowić podstawę działań politycznych. Polska jako lider tych zmian przejmowała funkcję orędownika Ukrainy w Unii Europejskiej. Splot okoliczności wewnętrznych (walka polityczna w Ukrainie) i zewnętrznych (przemiany w UE, zmiana priorytetów) spowodował, że Ukraina nie została członkiem UE, mimo zweryfikowanego potencjału społecznego. Koncepcja wschodnia „Kultury” stanowiła jednak mocną przesłankę za uznaniem niepodległości Ukrainy i wsparciem podczas pomarańczowej rewolucji. Dwutorowe działania Giedroycia w sferze kształtowania poglądów politycznych i zmiany stereotypów spowodowały, że bardzo dobrze funkcjonuje współpraca naukowa, kulturalna i społeczna. Rozwija się współpraca w regionach pogranicznych. Fundacje i organizacje pozarządowe prowadzą wspólne inicjatywy na rzecz społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.
Sprawy międzynarodowe w myśli politycznej Stronnictwa Narodowego (1928–1939)
Authors: Dawidowicz Aneta
Published: July 2019

Zagadnienia związane z polityką międzynarodową polskiego państwa wzbudzały zainteresowanie czołowych działaczy Stronnictwa Narodowego, a zwłaszcza Romana Dmowskiego, Jędrzeja Giertycha, Stanisława Kozickiego, Joachima Bartoszewicza, Zygmunta Berezowskiego, Jerzego Drobnika, Zygmunta Wojciechowskiego. Szczególnie ważne miejsce w gronie specjalistów z zakresu problematyki międzynarodowej zajmował sam Roman Dmowski uznawany za utalentowanego znawcę zagadnień polityki zagranicznej. W gronie znawców spraw międzynarodowych istotne miejsce należy przypisać S. Kozickiemu, który w swoich rozważaniach wiele uwagi poświęcał zwłaszcza europejskim stosunkom międzynarodowym oraz relacjom polsko-niemieckim. Pod koniec lat 30. XX wieku wielu „starych” SN dążyło do poszukiwania porozumienia z centrowymi ugrupowaniami antysanacyjnymi, co zbliżało ich do Frontu Morges i gen. Władysława Sikorskiego. Liderami tej grupy byli Marian Seyda, mający olbrzymie wpływy w poznańskiej endecji oraz prof. Roman Rybarski. Inną grupę działaczy, zdaniem jej lidera Jędrzeja Giertycha, najmłodszą – charakteryzował radykalizm ideologiczny i niechęć do sojuszy, tak z opozycją demokratyczną, jak i z obozem sanacyjnym. „Starych” i najmłodszych radykałów zdominował w strukturach organizacyjnych nurt trzeci, reprezentowany przez Bieleckiego.
External Factors in Political Transition in Eastern Europe: Democratization Through Convergence
Authors: Zelenko Galyna
Published: July 2019

Trajektorie rozwoju krajów postkomunistycznych są zasadniczo różne. Demokratyczny okres przejściowy, który rozpoczął się niemal równocześnie, po ponad 25 latach transformacji w przestrzeni postkomunistycznej doprowadził do sformowania różnych systemów politycznych – od skonsolidowanych demokracji w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej i krajach bałtyckich po wyraźnie autorytarne reżimy polityczne w azjatyckich republikach, na Białorusi i w Rosji. Niektórzy autorzy uważa ją, że to właśnie „odległość od Brukseli” definiuje poziom rozwoju demokracji w krajach postkomunistycznych. Zdaniem autora „odległość od Moskwy” także określa jakość tranzytu politycznego. Innymi słowy, głębokość integracji z Brukselą z jednej strony oraz z Moskwą z drugiej – w sposób zasadniczy determinuje jakość reżimu politycznego. Wszystko to stanowi podstawę do hipotezy, że konwergencja może zarówno stymulować procesy demokratyzacji, jak i powodować ich regresję. Dlatego moje badania skupiały się na takich pytaniach: w jaki sposób czynniki zewnętrzne wpłynęły na politykę poszczególnych państw?; dlaczego procesy konwergencji są tak ważne dla demokratycznych postkomunistycznych krajów Europy Wschodniej podczas okresu przejściowego?; jakie czynniki wyjaśniają wzory i różnice? Autor zwrócił uwagę na naturę wpływów egzogenicznych w krajach Europy Wschodniej, położonych pomiędzy dwoma centrum siły, głównymi graczami geopolitycznymi – UE a Rosją. Autor podjął się również analizy wpływu procesu konwergencji na przemiany polityczne w Ukrainie jako bardzo specyficzny przypadek transformacji politycznej.
Ocular Risk Factors in the Primary Formation of Diabetic Macular Edema in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pshenichnov M. V. , Kolenko O. V. , Sorokin E. L. , Pashentcev Ya. E.
Published: June 2019

Purpose. Revealing of the ocular risk factors in the formation of diabetic macular edema (ME) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).

Patients and methods. A 3.5-year research of 80 patients (160 eyes) with DM2 without signs of ME at the beginning of the research was performed. The main group consisted of 46 patients with ME symptoms on one or both eyes during the research period, the comparison group included 34 patients without ME symptoms to the end of the research. The initial ocular characteristics were retrospect compared in groups.

Results. The mean value of the axial lengths (AL) in the eyes of the main group was 23.12 ± 0.75 mm compared to 23.82 ± 0.62 mm in the comparison group (significant difference, p < 0.01). AL was less than 23.5 mm in 66 % of the eyes in the main group and only in 22 % of the eyes in the comparison group (p < 0.01). The mean value of the initial macular retina volume in the main group was significantly higher than in the comparison group — 7.51 ± 0.22 mm3 and 7.21 ± 0.12 mm3, respectively (p < 0.01). Initial background diabetic retinopathy (DR) was noted in 73 % of the eyes in the main group, which significantly differed from the comparison group, where this index was noted only in 13 % of the eyes (p < 0.01).

Conclusion. Significant ocular risk factors for the formation of ME in patients with DM2 are: the initial macular retina volume more than 7.3 mm3, the value of the AL less than 23.5 mm; the initial background DR. The use of the detected morphometric parameters of eye and retina in combination with an adequate assessment of the risk factors in human organism makes it possible to assume with high degree of probability a high risk of the primary formation of diabetic ME in patients with DM2.
The First Experience of Creating Registers of Patients with Eye Diseases in Moscow Region
Authors: Ryabtseva A. A. , Grishina E. E. , Andruhina O. M. , Kovrizhkina A. A. , Sergushev S. G. , Homyakova E. N. , Alyabeva I. O. , Kunizheva K. B.
Published: June 2019

This report is devoted to the problem of absence universal databases of patients with different chronic eye diseases and continuity of these patients between medical organizations. On the basis of MONIKI there has was held a prospective, observational cohort study of patients since 2016, with diagnoses: uveal melanoma — the first group of patients, degenerative States of the optic nerve and retina (multiple sclerosis, glaucoma) — the second group, — and vascular retinal diseases (venous occlusion, diabetic retinopathy) — the third group. There were 114 patients — in the first, 68 — in the second, 92 — in the third. There were developed statistically significant parameters of patients examination, adaptation of registers to application and increase of their efficiency continues to be corrected. All patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination, in addition-gonioscopy, ultrasound (ultrasound) in a and b-scan mode, including ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescence angiography (FAG), computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit. According to the indications, patients were examined by related specialists. For each patient group, prior results were obtained. They were late detection, untimely treatment and referral patients to other medical organizations, which proves the need to systematize patients with various pathologies and the subsequent continuity of medical organizations as for the timely detection of the disease, as for adequate and timely treatment not only at the local, but also at the regional or Federal levels. The integration of patients register with various ophthalmic diseases has a priority course in the development of healthcare in the Moscow region.
Cellular homeostasis, implantation window and unexplained infertility: role of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10
Authors: Makker Annu , Goel Madhu Mati , Manu Kumari , Makker Renu
Published: June 2019

Background: Balance between endometrial cell proliferation and apoptosis is crucial for successful embryo implantation. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10), a pro-apoptotic factor, is proposed to be one of the signaling proteins through which estrogen and progesterone act to affect cellular homeostasis. Although reports in literature have suggested role of PTEN in regulating endometrial cell proliferation and apoptosis during window of implantation, its involvement in women with unexplained infertility is not clear. In the present study, we examined expression, cellular distribution and activation status of PTEN, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in midsecretory endometrium from women with unexplained infertility as compared to fertile controls.Methods: Endometrial biopsies from infertile (n=11) and fertile women (n=22) were used for immunohistochemical evaluation of PTEN, phospho-PTEN and Ki67. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay was performed for detection of apoptotic cells.Results: Biopsies from infertile women as compared to fertile controls demonstrated statistically significant: i) decrease in nuclear PTEN (P < 0.001), increase in nuclear phospho-PTEN (P < 0.05), increase in nuclear and cytoplasmic phospho-PTEN/PTEN ratio (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively) in endometrial stroma, ii) increase in cytoplasmic phospho-PTEN (P < 0.001) and phospho-PTEN/PTEN ratio (P < 0.05) in glandular epithelium (GE), iii) increase in Ki67 labeling in GE (P < 0.01) and stroma (P < 0.05) and, iv) decrease in (P < 0.001) apoptosis.Conclusions: Altered PTEN expression and associated modulation in cellular homeostasis during the implantation window might contribute to mechanism underlying unexplained infertility.
PEDIS grading and its role in diabetic foot ulcer management
Authors: Gandhi Chinmay , Kadam Prameyratna , Kamepalli Venkateswarlu , Kadam Yugantara
Published: June 2019

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is the commonest cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients. Amputation is one of its dreaded complications, which deteriorates quality of life and increases mortality. Most of amputations are preventable and it is essential to define standard and efficient approach to treat diabetic foot ulcer in a timely manner. The first step is to define correct grade of diabetic foot ulcer and its risk of developing complications. Aim was to assess the outcome of treatment of diabetic foot ulcer with the given PEDIS score and to find the role of PEDIS score in predicting the outcome.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. PEDIS score was calculated after all variables were categorized for a give patient and documented. PEDIS score was recorded for each patient. Patients followed up for 6 months and outcome was categorized as healed, unhealed, amputed, or death. Study was carried out till adequate sample size was achieved.Results: High PEDIS score in diabetic foot ulcer was associated with peripheral neuropathy. Adverse outcome like amputation and unhealed ulcer were more seen with high PEDIS score. All amputed patients were having high PEDIS score.Conclusions: PEDIS score is more useful in clinical practice for diabetic foot ulcer grading and can be uniformly applied to compare outcome all over the world.
Unusual presentation of a rectal foreign body: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Lee Pei Pei , Chuah Jitt Aun , Sriram Ratha Krishnan
Published: June 2019

Rectal foreign bodies present a challenge to surgeons from obtaining the correct diagnosis to managing the patient due to a wide array of presentation. Diagnostic dilemmas often arise as patients are sometimes unwilling to disclose the actual history and seek medical attention late. We present a case of a 65 year old Asian gentleman who present with history of per-rectal bleeding, tenesmus, acute urinary retention, constitutional symptoms with investigations suggestive of rectal malignancy. Intraoperatively identified a rubber-like foreign body tightly packed in the pelvic-cavity with severe injury to the rectum requiring abdominal-perineal resection.
Prediction of product assembly errors using real part models
Authors: Yeliseev Yu. S. , Bolotov M. A. , Pechenin V. A. , Grachev I. A. , Kudashov E. V.
Published: July 2019

A method has been developed for calculating the parameters for assembling parts based on the creation of real models of their surfaces. For the construction of actual models, a special method for analyzing the measured surfaces and a software application were developed. Measurement analysis includes smoothing outliers, ordering the grid of points on the surfaces, and additional mathematical referencing. The assembly process is modeled in the ANSYS. The results of calculations for the assembly of two parts joined at their flat surfaces by means of a bolted joint are given. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out. It showed the possibility of using the developed methodology for predicting the parameters of gas turbine engine assembly units. The line of further research related to the study of the relationship between assembly parameters and influencing factors has been determined.
Theory of gas turbine engine optimal gas generator
Authors: Grigoriev A. V. , Kosmatov A. A. , Rudakov О. A. , Solovieva A. V.
Published: July 2019

The article substantiates the necessity of designing an optimal gas generator of a gas turbine engine. The generator is to provide coordinated joint operation of its units: compressor, combustion chamber and compressor turbine with the purpose of reducing the period of development of new products, improving their fuel efficiency, providing operability of the blades of a high-temperature cooled compressor turbine and meeting all operational requirements related to the operation of the optimal combustion chamber including a wide range of stable combustion modes, high-altitude start at subzero air and fuel temperature conditions and prevention of the atmosphere pollution by toxic emissions. Methods of optimizing the parameters of coordinated joint operation of gas generator units are developed. These parameters include superficial flow velocities in the boundary interface cross sections between the compressor and the combustion chamber, as well as between the combustion chamber and the compressor turbine. The effective efficiency of the engine thermodynamic cycle is the optimization target function. The required depth of the turbine blades cooling is a functional constraint evaluated with account for calculations of irregularity and instability of the gas temperature field and the actual flow turbulence intensity at the blades inlet. We carried out theoretical analysis of the influence of various factors on the gas flow that causes changes in the flow total pressure in the channels of the gas generator gas dynamic model, i.e. changes in the efficiencies of its units. It is shown that the long period (about five years) of the engine final development time, is due to the necessity to perform expensive full-scale tests of prototypes, in particular, it is connected with an incoordinate assignment in designing the values of the flow superficial velocities in the boundary sections between the gas generator units. Designing of an optimal gas generator is only possible on the basis of an integral mathematical model of an optimal combustion chamber.
Technology of computational analysis of the working process parameters of low-thrust rocket engines running on gaseous oxygen-hydrogen fuel with the use of ANSYS CFD
Authors: Ryzhkov V. V. , Morozov I. I.
Published: July 2019

The paper presents the description of a mathematical model of the working process of a low-thrust rocket engine operating on gaseous oxygen-hydrogen fuel and some fragments of the technology of computational analysis of distribution of gas-dynamic parameters in the engine duct. We present the results of calculating the stream line distribution, the distribution of total temperature profile along the flow path of the engine chamber and at its characteristic cross sections, the axial component of (total) speed of combustion products in the Laval nozzle output section. The results of calculating the temperature in the area of the rocket engines inner wall are presented. It is shown that the distribution of the combustion products stagnation temperature has a significant impact on the efficiency of fuel conversion in the engine chamber, its thermal state and makes it possible to identify the ways of improving the workflow of the low-thrust rocket engine.
Investigation of thermal conditions of nanosatellite optoelectronic telescopic module for different modes of operation
Authors: Tsaplin S. V. , Bolychev S. A.
Published: July 2019

The problem of studying thermal conditions of the optoelectronic telescopic module of a nanosatellite under the influence of operating conditions is considered. To maintain optimal thermal conditions of the telescopic lens, a thermal control system based on electric heaters was chosen. Based on the three-dimensional model, the thermal regime of the lens is calculated taking into account the real operating conditions of the nanosatellite in its orbital motion. As a result of the calculation by the finite element method, the dynamics of the temperature fields of the lens was obtained for different modes of operation of the nanosatellite: access to the established thermal conditions, earth terrain survey in normal and extended modes. It is shown that in different modes of operation the thermal control system maintains a given temperature range of optical elements with moderate energy consumption and provides lens efficiency during the entire time of operation of the optoelectronic telescopic module of the nanosatellite.
تعليم النحو باستخدام كتاب "العمريطي" في مدرسة قاسم الهادى الثانوية ‏الإسلامية سمارانج ومشكلاته
Authors: Sahab Hilmi
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the process of implementing Nahwu learning with al Imrithi Books in schools that are integrated with Islamic boarding schools and find out about learning problems and analysis of solutions. This research was conducted in Qosim al Hadi high school Semarang. This type of research is field qualitative research by using: Observation, Interview, Documentation and Questionnaire as the technique of collecting data. The results of this study indicate that the learning method used in Nahwu's learning with al Imrithi Books is a Deductive method that is well known among boarding schools as a Bandongan method. This method is used to convey learning material, while the Sorogan method is a form of reinforcement of the material that has been studied. The learning problems in Nahwu's learning with the book al Imrithi from several aspects: Students, Teachers, Learning Materials, Learning Time and Institutional Foundations.