bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metode Pembelajaran yang Efektif dalam Pendidikan Dasar
Authors: Ayunda Vika , Jannah Annissa Miftahul , Gusmaneli Gusmaneli
Published: December 2024

Pembelajaran yang efektif dalam pendidikan dasar merupakan kunci untuk menciptakan generasi yang mampu bersaing di era global. Berbagai metode, termasuk Pendekatan Berbasis Siswa (Student-Centered Learning), penggunaan teknologi dalam pembelajaran, Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (Project-Based Learning), dan pendekatan pembelajaran diferensiasi, telah terbukti meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan pemecahan masalah. Dengan menempatkan siswa sebagai pusat proses pembelajaran, memanfaatkan alat digital yang interaktif, dan memberikan ruang bagi eksplorasi dan kolaborasi, pendidikan dapat menjadi lebih relevan dan menyenangkan. Namun, tantangan seperti ketidakmerataan akses teknologi dan kesiapan guru perlu diatasi agar setiap siswa mendapatkan kesempatan belajar yang optimal.
Perlindungan Hak Anak dalam Konflik Perceraian: Analisis Hukum Keluarga Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Harry
Published: December 2024

Perceraian merupakan fenomena sosial yang berdampak luas, terutama terhadap anak-anak yang menjadi pihak paling rentan dalam konflik keluarga. Dalam konteks Indonesia, perlindungan hak anak dalam konflik perceraian telah diatur melalui berbagai regulasi, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak, serta Konvensi Hak Anak yang diratifikasi Indonesia. Namun, implementasi prinsip kepentingan terbaik anak sering kali tidak maksimal dalam praktik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerangka hukum dan implementasi perlindungan hak anak dalam konflik perceraian, serta mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi. Penelitian menggunakan metode pustaka (library research) dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis, mengkaji undang-undang, putusan pengadilan, dan literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun regulasi telah memberikan landasan yang memadai, terdapat celah dalam pengawasan pelaksanaan hak nafkah, akses terhadap orang tua non-kustodial, dan dukungan psikologis anak. Kurangnya pemahaman tentang prinsip kepentingan terbaik anak dalam pengambilan keputusan pengadilan juga menjadi kendala utama.   Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya penguatan regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas lembaga terkait, serta edukasi masyarakat untuk melindungi hak anak dalam konflik perceraian. Pendekatan holistik yang melibatkan aspek hukum, sosial, dan emosional diperlukan untuk memastikan hak anak tetap terlindungi.
Pembahasan dan Penyusunan Qanun Gampong: Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Keislaman dalam Regulasi Gampong Ranto Panyang Barat Aceh Barat
Authors: Rahimi Rahimi , Jelita Riva
Published: December 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membahas dan menyusun Qanun Gampong yang berlandaskan nilai-nilai keislaman di Gampong Ranto Panyang Barat, Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Qanun Gampong merupakan peraturan adat yang bersifat lokal, namun memiliki kekuatan hukum di wilayah setempat. Dengan latar belakang Aceh sebagai daerah yang menerapkan syariat Islam, penyusunan qanun berbasis nilai-nilai keislaman menjadi sangat relevan untuk memperkuat identitas hukum dan budaya masyarakat. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini melibatkan partisipasi aktif masyarakat dan pemerintah gampong dalam serangkaian diskusi, konsultasi, dan lokakarya guna memastikan qanun yang disusun sesuai dengan kebutuhan serta aspirasi masyarakat setempat. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa integrasi nilai-nilai keislaman dalam regulasi lokal mampu menciptakan peraturan yang lebih diterima dan dipatuhi oleh masyarakat, serta berpotensi meningkatkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang lebih adil dan harmonis. Dengan demikian, penyusunan qanun ini tidak hanya memperkuat aspek legal formal, tetapi juga menjadi wadah untuk menanamkan dan menjaga nilai-nilai keislaman dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat Gampong Ranto Panyang Barat. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi model bagi gampong lain di Aceh yang ingin menyusun qanun serupa.
Does Monetary Policy Stabilise Food Inflation in Hungary?
Authors: Fertő Imre , Bareith Tibor
Published: December 2024

This study examines the relationship between monetary policy and food price inflation in Hungary from January 2007 to December 2023 using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. Our analysis reveals that although the short-term impact of monetary policy on food prices is minimal, there is a notable long-term effect where implementing tighter monetary measures increases food price inflation over time. Policymakers must take a nuanced approach when dealing with food price shocks, considering both monetary and fiscal interventions. Our research highlights the significance of combining monetary policy actions with specific fiscal strategies and structural changes in the agriculture to reduce the negative effects of food inflation and protect the well-being of vulnarable populations.
Hybrid Approaches for Irrigation Optimization Based on Weather Forecast: a Study on Reference Evapotranspiration Prediction in Beni Mellal
Authors: Jdi Hamza , El Moutaouakil Khalid , Falih Noureddine , Doumi Karim
Published: December 2024

Accurate prediction of Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) is vital for optimizing irrigation, thereby facilitating efficient water management and agricultural planning. This study compares three distinct methods for predicting ET0 using the FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM), leveraging daily weather data collected over a span of 38 years, from 1984 to 2022. The first approach involves predicting ET0 directly based on actual ET0 values, while the second hybrid approach uses Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to predict Net Radiation, Temperature, Wind speed, and Dew Point Temperature. These predicted values are then utilized in the FAO-PM equation to calculate ET0 (RNN-FAO-PM). The third approach is another hybrid method that combines RNN for predicting the weather parameters, followed by the application of a well-trained Random Forest (RF) model that uses the predicted weather parameters as features to predict ET0 (RNN-RF). The performance of each method is evaluated using various metrics, including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and R-squared (R2) values for both training and testing datasets. The results of this study reveal that the hybrid approaches demonstrate comparable performance for long-term prediction of ET0 of the period Spanning from 2020 to 2022 (3 years). These hybrid approaches slightly outperform the RNN method when applied solely on the ET0 time series. This finding contributes to the research in the area of water resource management, specifically in the context of irrigation optimization. It provides valuable insights that can inform agricultural decision-making in the Beni Mellal region, enabling more efficient and effective use of water resources for irrigation purposes.
Aiškinamasis žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo terminų žodynas
Authors: Raupelienė Asta
Published: December 2024

Žodyno rengimo tikslas – žmogiškųjų išteklių srities terminijos plėtra ir Lietuvos Respublikos terminų banko pildymas naujais terminų straipsniais. Žodyne pateikti lietuviškų antraštinių terminų atitikmenys dviem kalbomis – anglų ir prancūzų kalbomis. Žodyno apimtis – 500 lietuviškų terminų straipsnių. Aiškinamasis žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo terminų žodyno rengimo užsakovas – Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija.
Foreword
Authors: Šteinberga Airisa
Published: December 2024

The eighth scientific journal, prepared by RTU Research Centre for Engineering History (RCEH), is published in the year of the 162nd Anniversary of Riga Technical University (RTU). It comprises five scientific articles, the authors of which are scientists and lecturers of universities in Latvia, North Macedonia, and Germany, as well as a member and student of the Latvian Association for the History of Science.
Priekšvārds
Authors: Šteinberga Airisa
Published: December 2024

Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes (RTU) 162. jubilejas gadā iznāk RTU Inženierzinātņu vēstures pētniecības centra (IVPC) sagatavotais astotais zinātniskais žurnāls. Tajā publicēti pieci zinātniskie raksti, kuru autori ir Latvijas, Ziemeļmaķedonijas un Vācijas augstskolu zinātnieki un docētāji, kā arī Latvijas Zinātņu vēstures asociācijas biedrs un students.
SOCIAL IDENTITY MODELS OF BORDERLAND INHABITANTS IN REFERENCE TO COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND CULTURE EVOLUTION THEORIES
Authors: Dąbrowska Prokopowska Ewa
Published: December 2024

The important changes in the way people build their identity and cre- ate their acting strategies. In case of borderland inhabitants the situa- tion is even more complex because of a culturally shaped order based on systematic intercultural contacts. In that situation there is a need to adjust hitherto a scientific knowledge how the borderland inhabitants can shape their identity in such a complex and dynamically changing social reality. The main aim of this article is to show on an example of the borderland inhabitants how their identity models can be created in reference to system analyses, complex systems and culture revolution theories. In this article there will be presented a method of percepti- on of the borderland inhabitants identity not as static constructs who undergo simple linear transformations but as open forms of complex networks composed of related elements.
PRACTICING UNCONVENTIONAL MEDICINE IN THE FACE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE FACEBOOK GROUP “HOMEOPATHY POLAND – CLASSICAL, CLINICAL, DETOXIFICATION”
Authors: Trochimowicz Michalina , Dąbrowska Prokopowska Ewa
Published: December 2024

According to an international study3, alternative medicine has grown significantly in popularity over the past 30 years in most Western coun- tries. The Covid-19 pandemic and the realities associated with it have meant that the use of non-medical practices has increased significan- tly. The timing of the Covid-19 pandemic compounded people’s negative experiences of operating in a risk society. In order to reduce these fears, more and more people are turning to alternative medicine. This is becau- se people are increasingly starting to look for medicines and preventive measures on their own, with the emotional aspects of the perception of the pandemic and the increasing mediatisation being important here, but also the poor state of healthcare in Poland. The text is an analysis of the results of a study conducted on the Facebook group ‘Homeopathy Po- land - classical, clinical. Detoxification’. The group is a closed one, where every member must be involved in order to participate. This makes it possible to analyse a group of people using non-medical practices and not just declaring these activities. This article attempts to analyse the phe- nomenon of unconventional medicine and its social consequences using the example of homeopathy. An additional very important factor, the correlation of which we decided to investigate, is the level of belief and magical practices of homeopathy users.
FILOZOFIJA SEKSUALNOSTI I L’ÉCRITURE FÉMININE
Authors: Zrnic Dijana
Published: December 2024

U radu autorka problematizuje, ali i nastoji rasvijetliti fenomen ženske seksualnosti i mjesto i ulogu žene u simboličkom prostoru, kroz ulazak u dijalog sa predstavnicima l’écriture féminine („žensko pismo“), kao francuskog ogranka feminističke filozofsko-književne teorije s početka 70-tih godina XX vijeka. Prva saznanja nastala iz ove polemičke ra- sprave otkrivaju da je predmet interesovanja teorije „ženskog pisma“ inskripcija ženskog tijela i ženske različitosti u strukturni jezik i tekst, sredstvima dekonstrukcije kao postrukturalističkog metoda. Pokazaće se da traganje za „skrivenim označiteljem“ u jeziku, koji teži da izra- zi ono neizrecivo, podrazumijeva kritičko preispitivanje filozofskih, psihoanalitičkih, te književno-teorijskih postavki o razvoju ženskog seksualnog identiteta, kao i o ulozi žene u simboličkom poretku. Tako Fukoovi tekstovi propituju arheologiju seksualnosti u narativu, pod snažnim dejstvom psihoanalize. Francuski psihoanalitičari, na čelu sa Frojdom, preko fenomena histerije, kojeg Fuko reinterpretira kao fenomen samo-nerazumijevanja, otvaraju put razmatranja nerazu- mijevanja vlastite želje i vlastite seksualnosti, dok književni teoretičari paralelno uvode diskurzivnu produkciju znanja o seksualnosti poten- cirajući pri tome sveprisutno nerazumijevanje i isključenost ženske seksualnosti iz standardno muškog jezičkog koda. Autorka, na kraju, zaključuje da su u falogocentričkom jeziku žene definisane kao „dru- go“, i da moraju ući u dijalog sa svojom drugošću kako bi reafirmisale takvo razumijevanje sebe i svoje seksualnosti.
Assessment of Parking Facilities in Public Areas: The Case of Keffi Town
Authors:   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria, Olatunji Ayodeji Solomon , John Enogela Ahmed ,   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria, Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi ,   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, Mikaila Muhammed Loko ,   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Published: December 2024

The absence of adequate parking facilities in residential and public areas remains a significant issue in developing countries, often disrupting economic activities and environmental quality. In Keffi town, the increasing demand for parking exceeds the available supply, leading to congestion and inefficiency. This study evaluates the current public parking facilities, focusing on provision levels, infrastructure conditions, and management frameworks. Primary data were gathered using structured questionnaires and direct observations, with 328 valid responses analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results indicate that prolonged vehicle stays exacerbate congestion, such as at Nasarawa State University (32.8%) and Federal Medical Centre (29.1%). Parallel parking dominates (65.2%), and 91.6% of users rely on traditional search methods, highlighting the absence of modern parking guidance systems. The study recommends improving parking infrastructure with an emphasis on environmental standards, user convenience, safety, and the enforcement of effective regulatory frameworks.
Determination of the Kinetic Parameters of Cholesterol Oxidation using Cholesterol Oxidase from Streptomyces sp.
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang,  Karawang 41361, Indonesia, Perdani Meka Saima , Hermansyah Heri ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia,  Depok 16424, Indonesia, Sahlan Muhamad ,   Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia,  Depok 16424, Indonesia, Putri Dwini Normayulisa ,   Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency,  Cibinong 16911, Indonesia, Pambudi Teguh ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang,  Karawang 41361, Indonesia, Hasibuan Anggi Khairina Hanum ,   Department of Military Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences,  Indonesia Defense University, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

Cholesterol oxidase (CO) was successfully produced from Streptomyces sp. via the submerged fermentation method, and 69 U/mL enzyme activity was obtained. This study aimed to determine cholesterol oxidation kinetics and the production of CO as a catalyst. The enzyme was diluted to 0.15, 0.075, and 0.00375 U/mL for the oxidation reaction. The substrate was also prepared in three concentrations: 3.23, 6.46, and 12.93 mM. The optimization of conditions for enzymatic cholesterol oxidation was investigated through measurement of the effect of initial cholesterol and enzyme concentrations. Cholesterol concentration was rapidly measured via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The kinetics of CO were modeled using the first-order irreversible reaction. An enzymatic kinetic model was derived, and it was verified using experimental data and sensitivity analysis. Based on the experiment, the highest enzyme concentrations of crude and commercial CO can oxidize the substrate up to 84% within 240 min. However, the oxidation reaction showed a slightly different behavior in the early 60 min, and crude CO exhibited a slower substrate oxidation. The kinetic rate constant obtained by Euler’s method reached 1.0 x 10−3/min and 1.41 x 10−3/min for 0.15 U/mL crude and commercial CO, respectively.
Ultra-compact on-chip silicon photonics isolator designed using modified genetic algorithm
Authors: RAN Chongchong , WU Mingjie , ZENG Yongcan , WU Zhengmao , YANG Junbo , WU Jiagui ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,   Center of Material Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,   Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Published: December 2024

The directional optical transmission characteristics of on-chip integrated optical isolators have wide applications in fields such as optical communication and optical signal processing. At early stage, various schemes of on-chip optical isolators have been developed, such as single-crystal magneto-optical pomegranate scheme, and silicon nitride (Si3N4) micro-ring resonators. However, there is still lack of compact on-chip optical isolator solutions. Here, a compact and integrated silicon optical isolator on a standard silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate is proposed and designed by intelligent algorithms and a variety of micro-nano circular vias. A modified genetic algorithm is developed, a segmented design fitness function is induced, and a gene library is established to obtain an ultra-compact optical isolator scheme with a size of only 4.2 μm×3 μm. On a standard silicon on insulator substrate, a linear passive isolation scheme is achieved by etching circular holes with five different diameters: 60 nm, 120 nm, 180 nm, 240 nm, and 300 nm. In the TE polarization mode, the design achieves an isolation degree of approximately 31 dB and an insertion loss of about 2 dB. Furthermore, in TM polarization mode, the design achieves an isolation degree of approximately 38 dB and an insertion loss of 2 dB; Finally, the influence of different size groups on the performance of isolators is analyzed. The results show that the smaller the circular hole structure, the better the isolation performance is. However, at the same time, we also need to consider the real silicon etching process requirements. In practice, holes that are too small are difficult to etch the effects of etching penetration at 10 nm, 20 nm and 30 nm between circular vias on the performance of the isolator are also evaluated, and the preliminary results show that the etching penetration caused by the more mature 30 nm etching process is acceptable. Therefore, considering all factors, it is recommended that the minimum circular hole size be 30 nm and the minimum distance adjacent circular holes be 30 nm. These results can promote the development of highly integrated and ultra-small on-chip optical signal directional transmission schemes.
Critical Infrastructure Resilience Assessment as a Source of Requirements for the Security Systems Development
Authors: Panevski Valeri
Published: December 2024

Critical infrastructure can be affected by, or cause, disruptive events and incidents. Some of these events are internally system-manageable, but others must be addressed by additional implementation of appropriate security measures.
One of the appropriate solutions to deal with disruptive events or incidents involves improving the organizational resilience of critical infrastructure. Consideration of the possibility of the results of the resilience assessment being used as input data for the development of CI security systems, including physical security, is the content of this publication.
Neural adaptation to the eye’s optics through phase compensation
Authors: Barbot Antoine , Pirog John T , Ng Cherlyn J , Yoon Geunyoung
Published: December 2024

How does the brain achieve a seemingly veridical and ‘in-focus’ perception of the world, knowing how severely corrupted visual information is by the eye’s optics? Optical blur degrades retinal image quality by reducing the contrast and disrupting the phase of transmitted signals. Neural adaptation can attenuate the impact of blur on image contrast, yet vision rather relies on perceptually-relevant information contained within the phase structure of natural images. Here we show that neural adaptation can compensate for the impact of optical aberrations on phase congruency. We used adaptive optics to fully control optical factors and test the impact of specific optical aberrations on the perceived phase of compound gratings. We assessed blur-induced changes in perceived phase over three distinct exposure spans. Under brief blur exposure, perceived phase shifts matched optical theory predictions. During short-term (∼1h) exposure, we found a reduction in blur-induced phase shifts over time, followed by after-effects in the opposite direction–a hallmark of adaptation. Finally, patients with chronic exposure to poor optical quality showed altered phase perception when tested under fully-corrected optical quality, suggesting long-term neural compensatory adjustments to phase spectra. These findings reveal that neural adaptation to optical aberrations compensates for alterations in phase congruency, helping restore perceptual quality over time.
A Sex-specific Mendelian Randomization-Phenome-Wide Association Study of Body Mass Index
Authors: Jiesisibieke Zhu Liduzi , Chan Io Ieong , Ng Jack Chun Man , Schooling C Mary
Published: December 2024

Trials of incretins are making it increasingly clear that body mass index (BMI) is linked to several diseases throughout life, but trials cannot provide a comprehensive assessment of the role of BMI in health-related attributes for men and women. To systematically investigate the role of BMI, we conducted a sex-specific Mendelian randomization-phenome-wide association study.We comprehensively examined the associations of genetically predicted BMI in women (n: 194,174) and men (n: 167,020) with health-related attributes from the UK Biobank with inverse variance weighting and sensitivity analysis.BMI impacted 232 of 776 traits considered in women and 204 of 681 traits in men, after adjusting for false discovery; differences by sex were found for 105 traits. BMI was more strongly positively associated with heart disease, heart failure and hypertensive heart disease in men than women. BMI was more strongly positively associated with apolipoprotein B (ApoB), diastolic blood pressure, neuroticism, arthritis and triglycerides in women than men.Our study revealed that BMI might affect a wide range of health-related attributes and highlights notable sex differences in its impact, including opposite associations for certain attributes, such as ApoB and neuroticism. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining a healthy BMI.None
eIF3 engages with 3’-UTR termini of highly translated mRNAs
Authors: Mestre-Fos Santi , Ferguson Lucas , Trinidad Marena , Ingolia Nicholas T , Cate Jamie HD
Published: December 2024

Stem cell differentiation involves a global increase in protein synthesis to meet the demands of specialized cell types. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this translational burst and the involvement of initiation factors remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the role of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) in early differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Using Quick-irCLIP and alternative polyadenylation (APA) Seq, we show eIF3 crosslinks predominantly with 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) termini of multiple mRNA isoforms, adjacent to the poly(A) tail. Furthermore, we find that eIF3 engagement at 3’-UTR ends is dependent on polyadenylation. High eIF3 crosslinking at 3’-UTR termini of mRNAs correlates with high translational activity, as determined by ribosome profiling, but not with translational efficiency. The results presented here show that eIF3 engages with 3’-UTR termini of highly translated mRNAs, likely reflecting a general rather than specific regulatory function of eIF3, and supporting a role of mRNA circularization in the mechanisms governing mRNA translation.
Acetylcholine modulates prefrontal outcome coding during threat learning under uncertainty
Authors: Tu Gaqi , Wen Peiying , Halawa Adel , Takehara-Nishiuchi Kaori
Published: December 2024

Outcomes can vary even when choices are repeated. Such ambiguity necessitates adjusting how much to learn from each outcome by tracking its variability. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been reported to signal the expected outcome and its discrepancy from the actual outcome (prediction error), two variables essential for controlling the learning rate. However, the source of signals that shape these coding properties remains unknown. Here, we investigated the contribution of cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain because they carry precisely timed signals about outcomes. One-photon calcium imaging revealed that as mice learned different probabilities of threat occurrence on two paths, some mPFC cells responded to threats on one of the paths, while other cells gained responses to threat omission. These threat- and omission-evoked responses were scaled to the unexpectedness of outcomes, some exhibiting a reversal in response direction when encountering surprising threats as opposed to surprising omissions. This selectivity for signed prediction errors was enhanced by optogenetic stimulation of local cholinergic terminals during threats. The enhanced threat-evoked cholinergic signals also made mice erroneously abandon the correct choice after a single threat that violated expectations, thereby decoupling their path choice from the history of threat occurrence on each path. Thus, acetylcholine modulates the encoding of surprising outcomes in the mPFC to control how much they dictate future decisions.
Axonal injury signaling is restrained by a spared synaptic branch
Authors: Smithson Laura J , Zang Juliana , Junginger Lucas , Waller Thomas J , Reilly-Jankowiak Lauren , Khan Sophia , Li Ye , Cai Dawen , Collins Catherine A
Published: December 2024

The intrinsic ability of injured neurons to degenerate and regenerate their axons facilitates nervous system repair, however this ability is not engaged in all neurons and injury locations. Here we investigate the regulation of a conserved axonal injury response pathway with respect to the location of damage in branched motoneuron axons in
Drosophila
larvae. The dileucine zipper kinase DLK, (also known as MAP3K12 in mammals and Wallenda (Wnd) in
Drosophila
), is a key regulator of diverse responses to axonal injury. In three different populations of motoneurons, we observed the same striking result that Wnd/DLK signaling becomes activated only in response to injuries that remove all synaptic terminals. Injuries that spare even a small part of a synaptic terminal fail to activate Wnd/DLK signaling, despite the presence of extensive axonal degeneration. The regulation of injury-induced Wnd/DLK signaling occurs independently of its previously known regulator, the Hiw/PHR ubiquitin ligase. We propose that Wnd/DLK signaling regulation is linked to the trafficking of a synapse-to-nucleus axonal cargo and that this mechanism enables neurons to respond to impairments in synaptic connectivity.
UFMTrack: Under-Flow Migration Tracker enabling analysis of the entire multi-step immune cell extravasation cascade across the blood-brain barrier in microfluidic devices
Authors: Vladymyrov Mykhailo , Marchetti Luca , Aydin Sidar , Soldati Sasha , Mossu Adrien , Pal Arindam , Gueissaz Laurent , Ariga Akitaka , Engelhardt Britta
Published: December 2024

The endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) strictly controls immune cell trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS). In neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, this tight control is, however, disturbed, leading to immune cell infiltration into the CNS. The development of in vitro models of the BBB combined with microfluidic devices has advanced our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the multi-step T-cell extravasation across the BBB. A major bottleneck of these in vitro studies is the absence of a robust and automated pipeline suitable for analyzing and quantifying the sequential interaction steps of different immune cell subsets with the BBB under physiological flow in vitro.Here we present the Under-Flow Migration Tracker (
UFM
Track) framework for studying immune cell interactions with endothelial monolayers under physiological flow. We then showcase a pipeline built based on it to study the entire multi-step extravasation cascade of immune cells across brain microvascular endothelial cells under physiological flow in vitro.
UFM
Track achieves 90% track reconstruction efficiency and allows for scaling due to the reduction of the analysis cost and by eliminating experimenter bias. This allowed for an in-depth analysis of all behavioral regimes involved in the multi-step immune cell extravasation cascade. The study summarizes how
UFM
Track can be employed to delineate the interactions of CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells with the BBB under physiological flow. We also demonstrate its applicability to the other BBB models, showcasing broader applicability of the developed framework to a range of immune cell-endothelial monolayer interaction studies. The
UFM
Track framework along with the generated datasets is publicly available in the corresponding repositories.
Volumetric trans-scale imaging of massive quantity of heterogeneous cell populations in centimeter-wide tissue and embryo
Authors: Ichimura Taro , Kakizuka Taishi , Taniguchi Yoshitsugu , Ejima Satoshi , Sato Yuki , Itano Keiko , Seiriki Kaoru , Hashimoto Hitoshi , Sugawara Ko , Itoga Hiroya , Onami Shuichi , Nagai Takeharu
Published: December 2024

We established a volumetric trans-scale imaging system with an ultra-large field-of-view (FOV) that enables simultaneous observation of millions of cellular dynamics in centimeter-wide three-dimensional (3D) tissues and embryos. Using a custom-made giant lens system with a magnification of 2× and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.25, and a CMOS camera with more than 100 megapixels, we built a trans-scale scope AMATERAS-2, and realized fluorescence imaging with a transverse spatial resolution of approximately 1.1 µm across an FOV of approximately 1.5 × 1.0 cm
2
. The 3D resolving capability was realized through a combination of optical and computational sectioning techniques tailored for our low-power imaging system. We applied the imaging technique to 1.2 cm-wide section of mouse brain, and successfully observed various regions of the brain with sub-cellular resolution in a single FOV. We also performed time-lapse imaging of a 1-cm-wide vascular network during quail embryo development for over 24 hours, visualizing the movement of over 4.0 × 10
5
vascular endothelial cells and quantitatively analyzing their dynamics. Our results demonstrate the potential of this technique in accelerating production of comprehensive reference maps of all cells in organisms and tissues, which contributes to understanding developmental processes, brain functions, and pathogenesis of disease, as well as high-throughput quality check of tissues used for transplantation medicine.
On the nature of the earliest known lifeforms
Authors: Kanaparthi Dheeraj , Westall Frances , Lampe Marko , Zhu Baoli , Boesen Thomas , Scheu Bettina , Klingl Andreas , Schwille Petra , Lueders Tillmann
Published: December 2024

Microfossils from the Paleoarchean Eon are the oldest known evidence of life. Despite their significance in understanding the history of life on Earth, any interpretation of the nature of these microfossils has been a point of contention among researchers. Decades of back-and-forth arguments led to the consensus that reconstructing the lifecycles of Archaean Eon organisms is the most promising way of understanding the nature of these microfossils. Here, we transformed a Gram-positive bacterium into a primitive lipid vesicle-like state and studied it under environmental conditions prevalent on early Earth. Using this approach, we successfully reconstructed morphologies and life cycles of Archaean microfossils. In addition to reproducing microfossil morphologies, we conducted experiments that spanned years to understand the process of cell degradation and how Archaean cells could have undergone encrustation minerals (in this case, salt), leading to their preservation as fossilized organic carbon in the rock record. These degradation products strongly resemble fossiliferous features from Archaean rock formations. Our observations suggest that microfossils aged between 3.8 to 2.5Ga most likely were liposome-like protocells that have evolved physiological pathways of energy conservation but not the mechanisms to regulate their morphology. Based on these observations, we propose that morphology is not a reliable indicator of taxonomy in these microfossils.
Cortical tracking of hierarchical rhythms orchestrates the multisensory processing of biological motion
Authors: Shen Li , Li Shuo , Tian Yuhao , Wang Ying , Jiang Yi
Published: December 2024

When observing others’ behaviors, we continuously integrate their movements with the corresponding sounds to enhance perception and develop adaptive responses. However, how the human brain integrates these complex audiovisual cues based on their natural temporal correspondence remains unknown. Using electroencephalogram, we demonstrated that rhythmic cortical activity tracked the hierarchical rhythmic structures in audiovisually congruent human walking movements and footstep sounds. Remarkably, the cortical tracking effects at different time scales exhibit distinct modes of multisensory integration: an additive mode in a basic-level, narrower temporal integration window (step-cycle) and a super-additive enhancement in a higher-order, broader temporal window (gait-cycle). Moreover, only the cortical tracking of higher-order rhythmic structures is specialized for the multisensory integration of human motion signals and correlates with individuals’ autistic traits, suggesting its functional relevance to biological motion perception and social cognition. These findings unveil the multifaceted roles of entrained cortical activity in the multisensory perception of human motion, shedding light on how neural coding of hierarchical temporal structures orchestrates the processing of complex, rhythmic stimuli in natural contexts.
Fordeler og utfordringer innen Magnetisk Resonans veiledet Stråleterapi
Authors: Skaufel Siri Gunnes , Reidunsdatter Randi J.
Published: December 2024

Bakgrunn: Forekomst av kreft er økende i befolkningen og det forventes at 1 av 5 utvikler sykdommen, og av disse vil over 50% ha behov for strålebehandling. Effekten av strålebehandling avhenger av presis levering av stråledose til tumor, og samtidig minimal stråledose til normalvev og risikoorganer. Dette krever nøyaktig pasientposisjonering, samt en behandlingsplan som er individuell tilpasset, med strenge krav og retningslinjer til dosering og marginer. Teknologisk utvikling har ført til avanserte teknikker som bildeveiledet stråleterapi, for tiden benyttes Cone-Beam Computer Tomografi. MR i kombinasjon med Linac (MRL) brukes for tiden til MR-veiledet Stråleterapi (MRgRT). MR-veiledet Stråleterapi (MRgRT) har flere fordeler, blant annet forbedret bløtvevskontrast og visualisering, samt sanntidsjustering av stråledosen som kan redusere marginene ved behandling. Denne teknologien byr også på utfordringer som for eksempel manglende elektrontetthets-informasjon og tekniske komplikasjoner med magnetfeltet. Denne artikkelen oppsummerer fordeler og utfordringer ved bruk av MRgRT, beskrevet i andre review-artikler.
Metode: Vi gjennomførte et systematisk litteratursøk i Oria og PubMed. Inklusjonskriteriene var at artiklene skulle være oversiktsartikler publisert på Norsk eller Engelsk, omhandle bruk av MR i verifisering eller historisk utvikling av verifiseringsteknologier. Eksklusjonskriterier luket ut alle artikler som hovedsakelig omhandlet brachyterapi, stereotaktisk stråleterapi, protonterapi og artikler med en spesifikk krefttype som tema. Ti artikler ble inkludert, 8 fra PubMed og 2 fra Oria. Analysen av artiklene ble gjennomført ved hjelp av Evans analysemodell.
Resultat: Alle artiklene beskrev fordeler og utfordringer med MRgRT, og totalt ble 6 fordeler og 13 utfordringer identifisert. Fordeler som gikk igjen var forbedret bløtvevskontrast, sanntid MR avbildning, funksjonell MR avbildning og forbedret avgrensningsmarginer. Utfordringene omhandlet fortrinnsvis MR-Linac sin påvirkning av ressursbruk som for eksempel at det er tidskrevende og dyrt, samt at det kreves kompetanse og kunnskapsheving av personalet, i tillegg behøves MR kompatibelt utstyr, og utfordringer knyttet til det tekniske ved kombinasjon av MR og Linac.
Konklusjon: I fremtiden forventes MRgRT å forbedre presisjonen og individualisere kreftbehandling betydelig, dette er takket være MR`s overlegne bløtvevskontrast, samt teknologi som muliggjør blant annet sanntidsavbildning. Til tross for fordelene, kreves det mer forskning på en rekke utfordringer, blant annet behovet for automatiserte løsninger og tverrfaglig samarbeid. Det er en økende interesse og forskning på temaet, fremtidig fokus bør være på integrering i standard arbeidsflyt.
Economía de Recursos Comunes para las Parcelas de Agrado en los Condominios Santa Laura y La Cuesta en Santiago de Chile
Authors:   , Valenzuela Zenteno Matías Gabriel
Published: December 2024

A principios del siglo XIX, las ciudades de países como Inglaterra y EE.UU. produjeron zonas residenciales periféricas que hoy en día conocemos como suburbios. Una serie de avances tecnológicos en las infraestructuras permitieron habitar cada vez más lejos de los centros urbanos; la extensión de los servicios de agua, el cableado eléctrico y el servicio de tranvías permitió que las personas subsistieran en un contexto rural y que pudieran viajar a sus puestos de trabajo y a centros de comercio. Los suburbios siempre han acompañado a las ciudades sin embargo su forma actual está relacionada a la globalización, el desarrollo de un régimen económico neoliberal y al desarrollo de los medios de comunicación. En Chile los suburbios actuales aparecieron durante los años 90. Una de las primeras causas detrás de la expansión urbana fue el DFL 3516 que permitió la división de grandes terrenos de carácter agrícola en loteos de mínimo 5000 m2, resultando en la expansión de parcelaciones residenciales alrededor del límite urbano de la capital, Santiago. Hoy en día estos lugares se definen como parcelas de agrado (PA): proyectos inmobiliarios que ofrecen un estilo de vida urbano en un medio rural. El tamaño de estas parcelas y el perfil de sus habitantes impide el uso de ellas para una actividad agrícola rentable. Algunas características de este tipo de urbanización son la creación de un tejido donde predomina el uso residencial, la lejanía de centros de empleo, y un desarrollo insuficiente de las redes de infraestructura hídrica y energética. Las parcelas de agrado también aumentan la demanda de recursos en contextos que no tienen la capacidad de satisfacerla. Estos aspectos hacen que las PA tengan una mayor posibilidad de sufrir los efectos de condiciones de escasez generalizadas. El contexto actual del cambio climático y los impactos futuros que este puede tener en el abastecimiento de recursos primarios hace preguntarnos de qué manera será la subsistencia futura en las parcelas de agrado. En un escenario posible de condiciones de escasez de recursos ¿de qué manera puede seguir siendo habitable un modelo residencial localizado en sectores con un menor acceso a recursos y con sistemas infraestructurales vulnerables? La investigación plantea que los condominios de parcelas de agrado pueden seguir siendo habitables en un contexto de condiciones de escasez producidos por el cambio climático si gestionan sus recursos de manera colectiva. Para sostener esta hipótesis especularemos, a través de escenarios plausibles y de un sistema infraestructural insertable en distintos contextos, acerca de la posibilidad de disminuir el consumo de recursos en las parcelas de agrado y producir una forma de vida autosuficiente respecto a las redes de abastecimiento externas.
Evaluación Diagnóstica de la Internacionalización en las Facultades de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Authors:   , Alarcón Laserna Javiera
Published: December 2024

La literatura considera que la internacionalización en la educación superior es importante para mejorar la calidad educativa, incrementar la diversidad y fomentar la innovación. Elementos cruciales para enfrentar los desafíos de universidades complejas como lo es la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. La internacionalización permite que las universidades sean más adaptables y competitivas a nivel global, enfatizando que ésta no solo debe ser concebida como una opción deseable, sino como una necesidad. Por tanto, consideran relevante trabajar en estrategias dirigidas para fortalecerla (Liu y Rhoads, 2011; Gacel-Ávila 2022). Basado en la importancia que tiene la internacionalización en la educación superior, este Trabajo Final de Egreso se enfocó en evaluar la internacionalización de las 18 facultades de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Esta investigación utilizó cinco indicadores de internacionalización seleccionados según el Plan de Desarrollo UC 2020-2025 (Pontificia Universidad Católica, 2020). Junto con esto, se realizó una comparación de estos indicadores entre las facultades y se analizaron sus respectivos planes estratégicos.La metodología empleada combinó una metodología mixta. En el aspecto cuantitativo, incluyó la recolección, análisis y comparación de datos, complementados con la creación de visualizaciones a través de Power BI. En el aspecto cualitativo, se realizó un análisis de contenido de los planes estratégicos de las 18 facultades de la UC.El análisis comparativo demostró variaciones significativas en el desempeño de las facultades, facilitando la identificación de áreas de fortaleza y de mejora. Estos hallazgos permitirán una intervención estratégica más enfocada, facilitando que las facultades prioricen recursos y esfuerzos en aspectos que maximicen su impacto en la internacionalización.
Strength tests of repair joints loaded with tension and loss of stability
Authors: Barca Iga , Godzimirski Jan , Rośkowicz Marek
Published: December 2024

During aircraft service, the skin is the component that first comes into contact with factors that can cause mechanical damage - that is why it is most often damaged during use. Semi-monocoque aircraft structures are made of a skin (usually aluminum alloy) and a frame. The skin is an element that significantly affects the safety of the structure, since it transfers loads between the elements of the frame. For this reason, the skin is subject to special supervision during technical maintenance, and any damage detected must be repaired. The research was carried out on specimens made of AW 2024-T3 plate sheet with a thickness of 1 mm. In the study, a comparative analysis of damaged, undamaged and repaired specimens loaded in tension and compression was performed. Different patches were used in repaired specimens, made of metallic as well as composite materials, connected to the structure with rivets or using adhesive materials. The study showed that the use of riveted as well as adhesively bonded overlays does not allow the original strength of the tensile-loaded skin to be restored, but does allow the strength of the compression-loaded skin to be restored (loss of stability). In addition, numerical simulations were performed to define the stress field occurring in the adhesive joint for different geometric dimensions of the plate (thickness, width). The results of the numerical analysis showed that the geometry of the plate model influences the values of reduced stresses in the adhesive weld and the patch. Regardless of the analyzed changes in the geometry of the plate model, the maximum values of reduced stresses are similar to each other. The smallest values of reduced stresses in the adhesive joint and composite patch were obtained for the case of a plate with a thickness of 1 mm and a width of 160 mm.
E-learning, VR and techno-educational stands as a way for practical optimalisation of education for the automation needs
Authors: Stępnikowski Andrzej , Zbrowski Andrzej
Published: December 2024

The publication presents a hybrid learning approach for training in the field of automation, focused on Programmable Logic Controllers and teacher-trainer relation in the VR. In this case hybrid learning is a mix of such methods like: physical techno-educational stands (possible to be used also for distant learning), e-learning courses and Virtual Reality Learning Environment (VRLE). In this article we will present two such VRLE that can be used through web browsers 2D and/or fully immersive experience in VR. To some extent we will present here also results of our initial research on the use of VR in this context. This article gives an insight on the ways how to embed such interactive environment with traditional forms like work-based learning, simulations and e-learning courses. Such “blended” education helps to develop learning management system through the Protocol of Learning Technologies Integration (PLTI). This contribution presents results of studies conducted during hybrid workshops in Poland and Lithuania. Results show that blended learning approach can give greater motivation and satisfaction to a learner thanks to multi-modal learning environment (MMLE), moreover there are some indications that it could also enrich learning retency. This MMLE was developed in response to market demands (pilot), offered and implemented in research laboratories by the Ruhr University in Bochum (Germany) and Łukasiewicz Institute for Sustainable Technologies in Radom (Poland). Such actions are aligned with the newly adopted EU strategy to lead Web 4.0 and virtual worlds.
On Student’s-t ARMA Modelling of Missing Values
Authors: Kipkogei Merary , Omwansa Arori Wilfred , Akinyi Otieno Joyce
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the study intends to mitigate the missing problem in the context of univariate ARMA time series models. Our main objective of this paper was to derive imputation estimators for ARMA models under the student’s-t distribution assumptions and evaluate their imputation performance. The study also utilized the method of optimal interpolation criterion of missing values to build the novel imputation estimators for ARMA models. A data set of 1000 samples were generated using statistical R software. One hundred (100) points of missing values ware created within the generated sample data at a random mechanism. The study carried out an imputation of missing values using the developed estimators for ARMA (1,1) and ARMA (1,2) processes. In this study, it was evident that the estimators ARMA (1,2) did imputed the missing values better than those of ARMA (1,1) process. This was indicated by lower values of the calculated metrics of ARMA (1,2) compared to those of ARMA (1,1). Besides the development of the imputation estimators, the study did a comparison of the derived imputation estimators of time series with the convectional imputation techniques of missing values. They included K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Kalman filters imputations. The results obtained from the calculated metrics, compared the results of the simulation study that the ANN, KNN and the Kalman filters were better in imputing missing values in time series data. The proposed estimated models of ARMA also did compete well with the convectional techniques used in this study. The models that the study came up with can be of importance to data scientists, researchers in refilling missing data in time series contexts.