bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turbulence Spectra of Electron Density and Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Lee K. H. , Lee L. C.
Published: November 2020

We present the turbulence spectra of magnetic and electron density fluctuations in situ measured by Voyager 1 in the local interstellar medium from 2012 to 2019. The magnetic spectrum shows a Kolmogorov power law with a one-dimensional power-law index −5/3 at mk ≤ 10−8.8, where k is a wavenumber and m is the unit meter. A bulge of enhanced magnetic power is found at mk = 10−8.8–10−8.2. Meanwhile, the electron density spectrum also shows a Kolmogorov power law with a one-dimensional power-law index −5/3 in the inertial range. A bulge of enhanced power is found around the kinetic scales of mk ≈ 10−5–10−1. Based on the observational data, the relationships between the outer scale of the turbulent system and the powers of electron density and magnetic fluctuations are obtained. We then calculate the spectra locally for six individual time periods, within which the electron density and magnetic fluctuations are simultaneously observed. It is found that the power of perpendicular magnetic fluctuations is usually higher than that of parallel magnetic fluctuations, which indicates the dominance of Alfvén waves in turbulence spectrum. Part of the observed turbulence spectra reveal that the normalized parallel magnetic power exhibits a much higher intensity than the normalized electron density power in the local interstellar medium of low to moderate plasma beta (β = 0.1–0.8). This dominance in the parallel magnetic power cannot be explained by the linear magnetohydrodynamic modes alone and may be associated with the arc/spherically polarized Alfvén mode.
The Lyα Emission in Solar Flares. I. A Statistical Study on Its Relationship with the 1–8 Å Soft X-Ray Emission
Authors: Jing Zhichen , Pan Wuqi , Yang Yukun , Song Dechao , Tian Jun , Li Y. , Cheng X. , Hong Jie , Ding M. D.
Published: November 2020

We statistically study the relationship between the Lyα and 1–8 Å soft X-ray (SXR) emissions from 658 M- and X-class solar flares observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite during 2006–2016. Based on the peak times of the two wave band emissions, we divide the flares into three types. Type I (III) has an earlier (a later) peak time in the Lyα emission than that in the SXR emission, while type II has nearly the same peak time (within the time resolution of 10 s) between the Lyα and SXR emissions. In these 658 flares, we find that there are 505 (76.8%) type I flares, 10 (1.5%) type II flares, and 143 (21.7%) type III flares, and that the three types appear to have no dependence on the flare duration, flare location, or solar cycle. Besides the main peak, the Lyα emission of the three type flares also shows sub-peaks which can appear in the impulsive or gradual phase of the flare. It is found that the main-peak (for type I) and subpeak (for type III) emissions of Lyα that appear in the impulsive phase follow the Neupert effect in general. This indicates that such Lyα emissions are related to the nonthermal electron beam heating. While the main-peak (for type III) and subpeak (for type I) emissions of Lyα that appear in the gradual phase are supposed to be primarily contributed by the thermal plasma that cools down.
The Possibility of the Secondary Object in GW190814 as a Neutron Star
Authors: Huang Kaixuan , Hu Jinniu , Zhang Ying , Shen Hong
Published: November 2020

A compact object was observed with a mass of

by LIGO Scientific and Virgo collaborations (LVC) in GW190814, which provides a great challenge to investigations of supranuclear matter. To study this object, the properties of the neutron star are systematically calculated within the latest density-dependent relativistic mean-field (DDRMF) parameterizations, which are determined by the ground-state properties of spherical nuclei. The maximum masses of the neutron star calculated by DD-MEX and DD-LZ1 sets can be around

with quite stiff equations of state generated by their strong repulsive contributions from vector potentials at high densities. Their maximum speeds of sound c

s
/c are smaller than

at the center of the neutron star, and the dimensionless tidal deformabilities at

are less than 800. Furthermore, the radii of

also satisfy the constraint from the observation of simultaneous mass–radius measurements (Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer). Therefore, we conclude that one cannot exclude the possibility of the secondary object in GW190814 as a neutron star composed of hadron matter from DDRMF models.
X-Ray Constraints on the Spectral Energy Distribution of the z = 5.18 Blazar SDSS J013127.34−032100.1
Authors: An Hongjun , Romani Roger W.
Published: November 2020

We report on X-ray measurements constraining the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the high-redshift z = 5.18 blazar SDSS J013127.34−032100.1 with new XMM-Newton and NuSTAR exposures. The blazar’s X-ray spectrum is well fit by a power law with Γ = 1.9 and

, or a broken power law with

,

, and a break energy

for an expected absorbing column density of

, supported by spectral fitting of a nearby bright source. No additional spectral break is found at higher X-ray energies (1–30 keV). We supplement the X-ray data with lower-energy radio-to-optical measurements and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray upper limits, construct broadband SEDs of the source, and model the SEDs using a synchro-Compton scenario. This modeling constrains the bulk Doppler factor of the jets to ≥7 and ≥6 (90%) for the low- and high-N
H SEDs, respectively. The corresponding beaming implies ≥130 (low N
H) or

(high N
H) high-spin supermassive black holes similar to J0131 exist at similar redshifts.
ALMA and VLA Observations of EX Lupi in Its Quiescent State
Authors: White Jacob Aaron , Kóspál Á. , Hughes A. G. , Ábrahám P. , Akimkin V. , Banzatti A. , Chen L. , de Miera F. Cruz-Sáenz , Dutrey A. , Flock M. , Guilloteau S. , Hales A. S. , Henning T. , Kadam K. , Semenov D. , Sicilia-Aguilar A. , Teague R. , Vorobyov E. I.
Published: November 2020

Extreme outbursts in young stars may be a common stage of pre-main-sequence stellar evolution. These outbursts, caused by enhanced accretion and accompanied by increased luminosity, can also strongly impact the evolution of the circumstellar environment. We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and Very Large Array observations of EX Lupi, a prototypical outburst system, at 100, 45, and 15 GHz. We use these data, along with archival ALMA 232 GHz data, to fit radiative transfer models to EX Lupi’s circumstellar disk in its quiescent state following the extreme outburst in 2008. The best-fit models show a compact disk with a characteristic dust radius of 45 au and a total mass of 0.01 M
⊙. Our modeling suggests grain growth to sizes of at least 3 mm in the disk, possibly spurred by the recent outburst, and an ice line that has migrated inward to 0.2–0.3 au post-outburst. At 15 GHz, we detected significant emission over the expected thermal disk emission which we attribute primarily to stellar (gyro)synchrotron and free–free disk emission. Altogether, these results highlight what may be a common impact of outbursts on the circumstellar dust.
Robustness of the Pairwise Kinematic Sunyaev–Zeldovich Power Spectrum Shape as a Cosmological Gravity Probe
Authors: Zheng Yi
Published: November 2020

We prove from the modified gravity (MG) galaxy/halo mock catalogs that the shape of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev–Zeldovich (kSZ) power spectrum P
kSZ has constraining power on discriminating different gravity theories on cosmological scales. By varying the effective optical depth τ
T as a free parameter, we verify that the τ
T-f (the linear growth rate) degeneracy in the linear theory of P
kSZ is broken down by the nonlinear structure growth and the scale dependence of f in some MG theories. Equivalently speaking, the shape of P
kSZ alone could be used to tightly constrain the MG theories on cosmological scales. With good knowledge of galaxy density biases, we verify that a combination of the next-generation galaxy spectroscopic redshift and CMB surveys, e.g., BOSS+CMB-S4 or DESI+CMB-S4, could potentially discriminate f(R) models from the general relativity at the ∼5σ level using the shape of the galaxy pairwise kSZ dipole P
kSZ,ℓ = 1 alone, when f

R0 = 10−4.
Measurements of the z ∼ 6 Intergalactic Medium Optical Depth and Transmission Spikes Using a New z > 6.3 Quasar Sample
Authors: Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Hennawi Joseph F. , Davies Frederick B. , Yue Minghao , Eilers Anna-Christina , Farina Emanuele P. , Wu Xue-Bing , Bian Fuyan , Pacucci Fabio , Lee Khee-Gan
Published: November 2020

We report new measurements of the intergalactic medium (IGM) Lyα and Lyβ effective optical depth at 5.3 < z < 6.5, using a new sample of quasar sight lines including 32 quasars at 6.308 ≤ z ≤ 7.00. These quasars provide a large statistical sample to measure the IGM evolution during the transition phase of the reionization epoch. We construct a data set of deep optical spectra of these quasars using VLT, Keck, Gemini, LBT, and MMT. We measure the Lyα effective optical depth at 5.36 < z < 6.57 using the Lyα forests of both individual spectra and the stacked spectrum. The large scatter of individual measurements is consistent with previous work, suggesting an inhomogeneous reionization process. Combining our new measurements and previous results, we obtain a best fit for the Lyα effective optical depth evolution at z > 5.3,

. We then estimate the observed Lyβ effective optical depth using Lyβ forests and convert them to Lyα optical depth for comparison, which provides additional constraints on the evolution of the IGM optical depth. The Lyβ-based measurements are generally in agreement with the best-fit evolution obtained from Lyα forests. Using this new sample, we identify 389 Lyα and 50 Lyβ transmission spikes at 5.5 < z < 6.3. The upper limits of Lyα optical depth estimated using transmission spikes are well consistent with our best-fit evolution. The evolution in number density of these high-redshift transmission spikes suggests a rapid transition phase at the end of the reionization. Comparison of our optical depth measurements with hydrodynamical simulations indicates an IGM neutral hydrogen fraction

at z = 6.
Activity Complexes and a Prominent Poleward Surge during Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Wang Zi-Fan , Jiang Jie , Zhang Jie , Wang Jing-Xiu
Published: November 2020

Long-lasting activity complexes (ACs), characterized as a series of closely located, continuously emerging solar active regions (ARs), are considered generating prominent poleward surges from observations. The surges lead to significant variations of the polar field, which are important for the modulation of solar cycles. We aim to study a prominent poleward surge during solar cycle 24 on the southern hemisphere, and analyze its originating ACs and the effect on the polar field evolution. We automatically identify and characterize ARs based on synoptic magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We assimilate these ARs with realistic magnetic configuration into a surface flux transport model, and simulate the creation and migration of the surge. Our simulations well reproduce the characteristics of the surge and show that the prominent surge is mainly caused by the ARs belonging to two ACs during Carrington rotations 2145–2159 (2013 December–2015 January). The surge has a strong influence on the polar field evolution of the southern hemisphere during the latter half of cycle 24. Without the about one-year-long flux emergence in the form of ACs, the polar field around the cycle minimum would have remained at a low level and even reversed to the polarity at cycle 23 minimum. Our study also shows that the long-lived unipolar regions due to the decay of the earlier emerging ARs cause an intrinsic difficulty of automatically identifying and precisely quantifying later emerging ARs in ACs.
Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction from Low-mass Starbursts at z = 1.3*
Authors: Alavi Anahita , Colbert James , Teplitz Harry I. , Siana Brian , Scarlata Claudia , Rutkowski Michael , Mehta Vihang , Henry Alaina , Dai 戴 Y. Sophia 昱 , Haardt Francesco , Bagley Micaela
Published: November 2020

We present a new constraint on the Lyman continuum (LyC) escape fraction at

. We obtain deep, high sensitivity far-UV imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys Solar Blind Channel on the Hubble Space Telescope, targeting 11 star-forming galaxies at 1.2 < z < 1.4. The galaxies are selected from the 3D-HST survey to have high Hα equivalent width (EW) with an EW > 190 Å, low stellar mass (M
* < 1010
M
⊙), and U-band magnitude of U < 24.2. These criteria identify young, low metallicity star-bursting populations similar to the early star-forming galaxies believed to have reionized the universe. We do not detect any LyC signal (with a signal-to-noise ratio > 3) in the individual galaxies or in the stack in the far-UV images. We place 3σ limits on the relative escape fraction of individual galaxies to be

and a stacked 3σ limit of

. Measuring various galaxy properties, including stellar mass, dust attenuation, and star formation rate, we show that our measured values fall within the broad range of values covered by the confirmed LyC emitters from the literature. In particular, we compare the distribution of Hα and [O III] EWs of confirmed LyC emitters and non-detections, including the galaxies in this study. Finally, we discuss if a dichotomy seen in the distribution of Hα EWs can perhaps distinguish the LyC emitters from the non-detections.
The Effect of Supernovae on the Turbulence and Dispersal of Molecular Clouds
Authors: Lu Zu-Jia , Pelkonen Veli-Matti , Padoan Paolo , Pan Liubin , Haugbølle Troels , Nordlund Åke
Published: November 2020

We study the impact of supernovae on individual molecular clouds, using a high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a 250 pc region where we resolve the formation of individual massive stars. The supernova feedback is implemented with real supernovae, meaning supernovae that are the natural evolution of the resolved massive stars, so their position and timing are self-consistent. We select a large sample of molecular clouds from the simulation to investigate the supernova energy injection and the resulting properties of molecular clouds. We find that molecular clouds have a lifetime of a few dynamical times, less than half of them contract to the point of becoming gravitationally bound, and the dispersal time of bound clouds of order one dynamical time is a factor of 2 shorter than that of unbound clouds. We stress the importance of internal supernovae, that is, massive stars that explode inside their parent cloud, in setting the cloud dispersal time, and their huge overdensity compared to models where the supernovae are randomly distributed. We also quantify the energy injection efficiency of supernovae as a function of supernova distance to the clouds. We conclude that intermittent driving by supernovae can maintain molecular cloud turbulence and may be the main process for cloud dispersal and that the full role of supernovae in the evolution of molecular clouds cannot be fully accounted for without a self-consistent implementation of the supernova feedback.
An Investigation of Fragmentation in the Disk Instability Model for Giant Planet Formation
Authors: Jin Liping , Liu Fenglei , Jiang Tao , Tang Pengfei , Yang Jingxi
Published: November 2020

We investigate a few issues regarding fragmentation in the disk instability model for giant planet formation—specifically, initial clump mass (M
p), fragmentation region, and fragmentation starting time, ending time, and duration. By running calculations over a wide parameter space and using an evolutionary model of protoplanetary disks, we study dependence on properties of the parent cloud core of the protostar+disk system. We investigate evolution of M
p–R relationship for clumps forming at different times during the disk evolution. We find that, in general, for the same radius, M
p changes slightly with time, first decreasing and then increasing. In different disks, for the same radius, M
p does not change significantly with ω, decreases with M
MCC, and increases with T
MCC, where ω, M
MCC, and T
MCC are angular velocity, mass, and temperature of a parent core. Fragmentation might occur most probably at 20–200 au, at 200–450 au with less probability, and at >450 au with small probability. M
p might be most probably between 3–35M
J, between 35–80M
J with less probability, and >80M
J with small probability. The ranges of the fragmentation starting time, ending time, and duration are (1–3) × 105 yr,

(
2
–
25
)
×

10

5

yr

, and

(
0.1
–
25
)
×

10

5

yr

, respectively. We derive an analytical formula that shows dependence of

M

p

on disk properties and can be used to understand numerical calculations. We tentatively use our calculations to understand exoplanet observations.
A phylogeny of species near Agrostis supporting the recognition of two new genera, Agrostula and Alpagrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Agrostidinae) from Europe
Authors: Peterson Paul M. , Sylvester Steven P. , Romaschenko Konstantin , Soreng Robert J. , Barberá Patricia , Quintanar Alejandro , Aedo Carlos
Published: November 2020

Based on a molecular DNA phylogeny of three plastid (rpl32-trnK, rps16 intron, and rps16-trnK) and nuclear ITS regions investigating 32 species of Agrostidinae, we describe two new genera, Agrostulagen. nov. with a single species and Alpagrostisgen. nov. with four species; provide support for five species in a monophyletic Podagrostis; and include a small sample of 12 species of a monophyletic Agrostis s.s. (including the type and most species of Neoschischkinia), that separates into two clades corresponding to A. subg. Agrostis and A. subg. Vilfa. Agrostula differs from Agrostis in having leaf blades with pillars of sclerenchyma which are continuous between the adaxial and abaxial surface of the blades, dorsally rounded glumes with blunt to truncate and erose to denticulate apices, florets ½ the length of the glumes, lemmas equally wide as long, widest at (or near) apex, apices broadly truncate, irregularly 5 to 7 denticulate to erose, awnless, anthers longer than the lemmas, and rugose-papillose caryopses. Alpagrostis differs from Agrostis in having geniculate basally inserted awns and truncate lemma apices with lateral veins prolonged from the apex in (2)4 setae. The following eight new combinations are made: Agrostula truncatula, Agrostula truncatula subsp. durieui, Alpagrostis alpina, Alpagrostis alpina var. flavescens, Alpagrostis barceloi, Alpagrostis setacea, Alpagrostis setacea var. flava, and Alpagrostis schleicheri. In addition, we provide a key separating Agrostula and Alpagrostis from Agrostis s.s. and other genera previously considered as synonyms of Agrostis; lectotypify Agrostis alpina Scop., A. schleicheri Jord. & Verl., A. truncatula Parl., and A. truncatula var. durieui Henriq.; and neotypify A. setacea Curtis.
Hydrostachys flabellifera (Hydrostachyaceae), a new species from Madagascar
Authors: Xu Zhun , Tian Jing , Rapanarivo Solo Hery Jean Victor , Letsara Rokiman , Rakotonasolo Rivontsoa A. , Onjalalaina Guy E. , Hu Guang-Wan , Wang Qing-Feng
Published: November 2020

Hydrostachys flabellifera, a new species of Hydrostachyaceae found in a stream in Manandriana, Madagascar, is described and illustrated herein. It is similar toH. verruculosaandH. laciniatain morphology, but can be distinguished from them by its leaves with sparsely arranged, flabelliform and palmately parted emergences, obvious rachis and the pattern of segments arranged on the male bracts. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) dataset provides a robust support for it as a new species as well.
Sympolymnia, a new genus of Neotropical ant-like spider, with description of two new species and indirect evidence for transformational mimicry (Araneae, Salticidae, Simonellini)
Authors: Perger Robert , Rubio Gonzalo D.
Published: November 2020

Sympolymnia, a new genus of myrmecomorph jumping spider belonging to the tribe Simonellini Peckham, Peckham & Wheeler, 1889, is described. It comprises five species: the type species, Sympolymnia lucasi (Taczanowski, 1871), comb. nov., Sympolymnia lauretta (Peckham & Peckham, 1892), comb. nov., Sympolymnia edwardsi (Cutler, 1985), comb. nov. and Sympolymnia shinahotasp. nov. and S. cutlerisp. nov.Sympolymnia lauretta (Peckham & Peckham, 1892) is recorded from Bolivia for the first time. Ontogenetic shifts of ant-resemblance are observed: Juveniles of S. cutlerisp. nov. and S. lauretta mimic black ants of the genus Crematogaster Lund, 1831, but those of S. shinahotasp. nov. most closely resemble Pseudomyrmex ethicus (Forel, 1911). Adults of S. cutlerisp. nov., S. lauretta and S. shinahotasp. nov. resemble the ant Camponotus sanctaefidei Dalla Torre, 1892 and orange adults of S. shinahotasp. nov. are putative mimics of Camponotus latangulus Roger, 1863.
Il faut une équipe ( un village ) pour élever un bébé ( un enfant )
Authors: Garnier Anne-Marie , Mosca Francesca
Published: November 2020

La prise en compte des besoins des bébés est déterminante pour leur développement. Or, c’est une période de grande vulnérabilité pour les mères, où l’étayage autour de la dyade est essentiel. Si « le bébé n’existe pas, seul », comme le dit Winnicott, les mères trop seules existent, et ne s’en portent pas bien, qu’elles souffrent de pathologies psychiatriques, d’isolement dû à la migration, d’histoires marquées par la carence. Comment faire équipe avec des familles en difficulté avec leurs bébés ? Quelles sont les particularités de ce travail ? Nous présenterons le travail de deux équipes de périnatalité, rattachées à deux services de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent de la banlieue parisienne. De nombreux exemples cliniques viendront étayer notre propos.
Empirical evolution of credit risk over a decade in IBEX. 35 companies and its relationship with the qualification of its ratings
Authors: Patau Josep
Published: November 2020

Object: The present work responds to two objectives. On the one hand, it describes the evolution of the main economic-financial indicators that influence credit risk (insolvency) for a sample of 10 Spanish companies listed on the IBEX 35. This analysis is studied for a comparative period of 10 years, which coincides with a pre-crisis stage (2002-2005) and an economic post-crisis phase (2012-2015). On the other hand, it corroborates the relationship between the analysed insolvency and the rating or credit-risk rating published for these companies by an internationally recognized credit rating agency, Standard & Poor's (S & P).Design / methodology: A sample of 10 companies and a 10-year period including the years 2002-2005 (pre-crisis) and the years 2012-2015 (post-crisis) are chosen, omitting the Spanish economic crisis that occurred in the year 2008. For the study of its evolution, 6 ratios obtained from the scientific literature that relate to credit risk and its effects on investments and company results are calculated. Finally, the correlations of these variables with the ratings of credit risk assessment by the rating agency S & P are measured. Descriptive statistics will assign value and graphics to this ten-year evolution, and with the incorporation of a factorial analysis, the correlation between the ratios and the S & P rating will be determined. The statistical analysis explains this correlation to a greater extent.Contributions / results: The results show a clear increase in the value of the impairment variable due to credit risk ten years later that directly affects the results of the companies, despite these companies having significantly reduced their investments in commercial loans pending collection and drastically reduced the period means of collection of clients. In turn, there is a clear correlation between the insolvency studied and the variables used by the S & P rating agency for the assessment of credit risk.Added value / conclusions: The empirical study concludes that there is a correspondence between insolvency and the rating given by an internationally prestigious rating agency (S & P) for the sample of 10 companies studied. Three variables – customer balance-accounts receivable, investments and the net amount of turnover – are determining factors explaining this correlation, and these three variables are the same ones that decisively influence both the pre-crisis period and the post-crisis period 10 years apart. The rating agencies weigh the insolvency variable in their analyses.
Assessing Variability of Control Within a Single Day in Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Prile Sharlene Marie , Kim Jinhyun , Moon Yeji , Lim Hyun Taek
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

To assess intra-individual hour-to-hour variability of control in intermittent exotropia using a simple office scale: Look And Cover, then Ten seconds of Observation Scale for Exotropia (LACTOSE).

Methods:

In this prospective cross-sectional study, the degree of control for distance and near was measured using the LACTOSE, a 5-point scale ranging from 0 to 4. A single investigator performed multiple measurements of the control of each patient with at least an hour interval between measurements.

Results:

Of the 95 patients with intermittent exotropia enrolled, 66 (69.5%) were assessed two times and 29 (30.5%) were assessed three times for their control. Most patients had consistent control scores across multiple assessments for distance (n = 63, 66.3%) and near (n = 70, 73.7%). Forty-five (47.4%) patients demonstrated variable control for either distance or near, mostly (n = 27, 60.0%) showing a one-step difference. None presented with more than a two-step difference in the control score on repeated measurements. An initial LACTOSE score of 4 (very poor control) or 1 (very good control) remained unchanged in subsequent assessments for both distance (
P
= .049) and near (
P
< .001).

Conclusions:

One-third of patients with intermittent exotropia showed variable control scores even during a single day across multiple measurements using the LACTOSE scale. Those who showed consistent control had very good or very poor control, whereas those with variable control had not had very good or very poor control on their initial LACTOSE measurements.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2020;57(6):378–383.]
Countering the winner's curse: Optimal auction design in a common value model
Authors: Bergemann Dirk , Brooks Benjamin , Morris Stephen
Published: November 2020

We characterize revenue maximizing mechanisms in a common value environment where the value of the object is equal to the highest of the bidders' independent signals. If the revenue maximizing solution is to sell the object with probability 1, then an optimal mechanism is simply a posted price, namely, the highest price such that every type of every bidder is willing to buy the object. If the object is optimally sold with probability less than 1, then optimal mechanisms skew the allocation toward bidders with lower signals. The resulting allocation induces a “winner's blessing,” whereby the expected value conditional on winning is higher than the unconditional expectation. By contrast, standard auctions that allocate to the bidder with the highest signal (e.g., the first‐price, second‐price, or English auctions) deliver lower revenue because of the winner's curse generated by the allocation. Our qualitative results extend to more general common value environments with a strong winner's curse.
Essential Current Concepts in Stem Cell Biology
Authors: Monti Manuela
Published: November 2020

Stem cell (SC) biology is a pervasive transdisciplinary research field encompassing any level of life organization (from molecular to morphological), combining different types of techniques (spanning from cellular to molecular).....
Observations about subcalcaneal adventitial bursitis (heel fat pad inflammatory lesion) in rheumatoid arthritis. Comment on the article of Suzuki and Shirai
Authors: Falsetti P. , Conticini E. , Baldi C. , Acciai C. , D'Alessandro R. , Bardelli M. , Cantarini L. , Frediani B.
Published: November 2020

Not available
Case report of polymyalgia rheumatica in a male patient with three different neoplasms treated with pembrolizumab
Authors: Perrotta F.M. , Scriffignano S. , Fatica M. , Specchia M. , Lubrano E.
Published: November 2020

In this manuscript we aim to describe a particular case of a 63 years-old man who developed three different malignancies (one was a rare case of breast cancer) among nearly five years. In particular, for the diagnosis of melanoma, he was treated with pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor. After few months of treatment with pembrolizumab, the patient reported the onset of musculoskeletal symptoms such as inflammatory pain at the shoulders and morning stiffness, with raised CRP and ESR and imaging evidence of bursitis and tenosynovitis. A polymyalgia-like syndrome was diagnosed. Understanding if these manifestations are linked to the use of pembrolizumab or to a paraneoplastic syndrome, and how to manage the patient, was the real challenge.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and infections
Authors: Singh B.K. , Singh S.
Published: November 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory and multi-systemic autoimmune disorder, characterized by an uncontrolled auto-reactivity of B and T lymphocytes, leading to the production of autoantibodies against self-directed antigens and tissue damage. The life expectancy in patients with SLE has improved tremendously in the last two decades, but the mortality rates still remain three times greater compared to those of the general population. Despite increased awareness and improved management, infections remain a major source of morbidity, mortality, hospitalization, and death in patients with SLE. The infections in SLE patients widely range from opportunistic to common bacterial and viral infections with typical or atypical presentations. Moreover, SLE patients exhibit an increased susceptibility to hospital-acquired infections. Factors associated with increased risk of infections include high disease activity, specific immune dysregulation, drug-induced immune deficiency, and organ failure with irreversible damage. Furthermore, immunosuppressive agents may make patients more susceptible to opportunistic infections. A big challenge faced by physicians in these patients is to distinguish between infections and flares of SLE, as infections may mimic them, leading to predicament in diagnosis and appropriate management. Immunosuppression used to treat severe flares of lupus can have catastrophic complications in patients with active infections. There is an urgent need for biomarkers to make an accurate differential diagnosis in this situation. In spite of increased understanding of SLE, many questions remain unanswered. Further research is needed to determine specific immune dysregulation underlying the increased susceptibility to specific infections, predictors of infection in SLE such as genetic markers, and biomarkers that discriminate between disease activity and active infections. Also, measures must be evaluated appropriately to prevent infections, and their complications in SLE.
Examining the function of neurobiology in Christian spiritual experiences and practice
Authors: Pretorius Mark
Published: November 2020

Before one can adequately deal with a biblical and neurobiological examination of spiritual experiences, one would need to define what they are. Here, one could offer that a spiritual experience could be an encounter with something or someone that is other than a material experience. It is a supernatural experience that transcends the natural, yet impacts the natural, by affecting our mental and physical senses and how we practise our spirituality. It is an experience that leaves us with a new and perhaps intense sense of otherness. One could further propose that as spiritual experiences are by nature ‘experiences’, they are inherently subjective, and can therefore be classified as personal encounters. In other words, we have unique spiritual experiences in our encounters with God. This article offers several such examples and shows the significance of looking inwardly to answer the important question of why we are (or not) transforming spiritually and mentally.Contribution: The article’s challenge is to not only show that science and theology are not in conflict, but also how the intersection and emerging field of neurobiology (natural science) and theology can help better understand how spiritual experiences manifest, and that naturally we are seemingly wired for these experiences.
Difficulties Doctors Experience during Life-Sustaining Treatment Discussion after Enactment of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Act: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yoo Shin Hye , Choi Wonho , Kim Yejin , Kim Min Sun , Park Hye Yoon , Keam Bhumsuk , Heo Dae Seog
Published: November 2020

Purpose This study aimed to investigate difficulties doctors experience during life-sustaining treatment (LST) discussion with seriously ill patients and their families after enactment of the LST Decisions Act in February 2018.Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a tertiary hospital in the Republic of Korea in August 2019. Six hundred eighty-six doctors who care for seriously ill patients were given a structured questionnaire, and difficulties during the discussion were examined.Results One hundred thirty-two doctors completed the questionnaire. Eighty-five percent answered they treat cancer patients. Most (86.4%) experienced considerable difficulties during LST discussions (mean score, 7.4±1.6/10). The two most common difficulties were communication with patients and family and determining when to discuss LST. Two-thirds of doctors found direct discussions with the patient difficult and said they would initiate LST discussions only with family. LST discussions were actually initiated later than considered appropriate. When medically assessing whether the patient is imminently dying, 56% of doctors experienced disagreements with other doctors, which could affect their decisions.Conclusion This study found that most doctors experienced serious difficulties regarding communication with patients and family and medical assessment of dying process during LST discussions. To alleviate these difficulties, further institutional support is needed to improve the LST discussion between doctors, patients, and family.
The index of exceptional symmetric spaces
Authors: Berndt Jürgen , Olmos Carlos , Rodríguez Juan Sebastián
Published: November 2020

The index of a Riemannian symmetric space is the minimal codimension of a proper totally geodesic submanifold. There is a conjecture for how to calculate the index. In this paper we give an affirmative answer to this conjecture for the exceptional Riemannian symmetric spaces and for the classical symmetric spaces Sp

_r(\mathbb R)/U_r

. Our methodology is new and based on the idea of using slice representations for studying totally geodesic submanifolds.
Percepciones y sentimientos hacia las víctimas: Resultados de un experimento split-ballot
Authors: León Carmen María , Aizpurúa Eva
Published: November 2020

El diseño del cuestionario es una parte esencial de la investigación cuantitativa. En este trabajo se exponen los resultados de un estudio sobre actitudes hacia las víctimas en el que se incluyó un experimento. Su primer objetivo consistió en analizar las tipologías de víctimas en las que piensan los encuestados cuando son preguntados, de forma abstracta, por víctimas de delitos. En segundo lugar, el propósito del experimento fue comprobar cómo afecta el orden de presentación de las respuestas en una pregunta sobre los sentimientos que suscitan las víctimas. Al tratarse de un cuestionario auto-administrado, hipotetizamos que los participantes (N=100) tenderían a elegir las primeras opciones de respuesta (efecto primacía). Para comprobarlo se recurrió a un diseño split-ballot. Los resultados muestran que los encuestados piensan en las víctimas de aquellos delitos que (1) se producen con mayor frecuencia y (2) son más graves. En cambio, no permiten confirmar el efecto primacía en este experimento.
INTRAPRENEURSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIVENESS OF BOTTLE WATER MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN RIVERS STATE
Authors: Soprinye Green , Onuoha Chima
Published: November 2020

The challenges of poor adjustments and modifications to the exertions of the environment, amidst growing competition and market rivalry, are such that requires a re-assessment of the options available to the organization. One of such is the focus on the internal resources and creativity availed by the members of the organization. This paper investigated the role of intrapreneurship in the actualization of organizational responsiveness in 9 bottle water manufacturing firms in Rivers State, duly registered with the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN), Rivers and Bayelsa State chapter. The paper was designed as a cross-sectional survey and detailed the use of the structured questionnaire in the generation of data from 36 managers within the manufacturing firms. Hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s rank order correlation. Results from the test indicate that the dimensions of intrapreneurship, namely: innovativeness, risk-taking and pro-activeness, all have significant and positive relationships with organizational responsiveness. The study based on this evidence affirmed that that the availing of platforms and supportive policies or frameworks that allow for innovative behaviour, risk-taking and pro-activeness within the organization has a strong tendency to enhance outcomes of organizational responsiveness for manufacturing firms in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Responsabilidad social de las cooperativas en su comunidad
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Experimental Rafael María Baralt, Rojas Nieves Dorkys Coromoto , Chirinos Araque Yamarú del Valle ,   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Alaña Yasmira del Carmen ,   Universidad Nacional Experimental Rafael María Baralt, Agudelo Vargas María Victoria ,   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó
Published: November 2020

El estudio tuvo como propósito analizar si las cooperativas están cumpliendo con su responsabilidad social. Hoy en día los mercados están cambiando dándole más relevancia a la responsabilidad social a la hora de hacer negocios y alcanzar la fidelidad de los consumidores; las cooperativas tienen en este caso una ventaja competitiva, ya que desde su creación ellas tienen ese carácter socialmente responsable, por esto la sustentación teórica quedó a cargo de lo establecido en la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela (1999), Ley Especial de Asociaciones Cooperativas. (2001), Vargas & Vaca, 2005), Graterol, Rojas, Chirinos & Alaña (2018), abordando lo relacionado con la responsabilidad social y el cooperativismo. Metodológicamente la investigación fue descriptiva, con un diseño de campo, no experimental, transeccional; la población estuvo conformada por 1800 cooperativas del municipio Baralt, quedando la muestra conformada, después de aplicar la fórmula de Sierra (2001) en 327. Se diseñó un instrumento estructurado, con 48 ítems, con reactivos de respuestas cerradas, estilo Liker, con cinco (5) alternativas de respuestas, al ser esta una investigación en proceso se presentan los resultados de aplicar el instrumento a un primer lote de 14 cooperativas, ubicadas en el casco central de la Parroquia Libertador del municipio Baralt, permitiendo concluir que estas 14 están operando aplicando los principios y valores cooperativistas, que ese carácter socialmente responsable ha producido un efecto positivo mejorando sus beneficios económicos, que a su vez permiten cumplir su compromiso con los socios y su comunidad, rompiendo con los mitos de que una cooperativa no es económicamente exitosa.
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND BRAND AWARNESS ON PURCHASE DECISIONS WITH VIRAL MARKETING AS INTERVENING VARIABLES ON JANJI JIWA COFFEE CONSUMERS AMONG STUDENTS USING SOCIAL MEDIA AREA JABODETA
Authors: Awaludin Muhammad Nurfauzi , Sukmono Sigit
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of social media marketing and brand awareness on purchasing decisions with viral marketing as an intervening variable in Janji Jiwa coffee consumers among students who use social media in Jabodeta. convenience sampling with samples used as many as 214 respondents to fill out an online questionnaire with certain criteria. This research uses two independent variables, namely social media marketing and brand awareness, the dependent variable is the purchase decision and as an intervening variable (mediation), namely viral marketing. The method used in this study uses path analysis which is the development of multiple linear regression andprocessed using SPSS software. From the research results, it is known that social media marketing has an effect on purchasing decisions both directly and indirectly through viral marketin mediation, and brand awareness influences purchasing decisions both directly and indirectly through viral marketing mediation. Of the two, the direct influence on purchasing decisions is greater than the indirect effect through viral marketing mediation.
Outcome of first relapse of Hodgkin lymphoma: Single Institution experience
Authors: Najma Shaheen  , Ata Ur Rehman Maaz  , Muhammad Saghir Khan  , Admin
Published: November 2020

Objectives: 1:To determine outcome of first relapse of Hodgkin Lymphoma with standard dose chemotherapy. 2: To identify the prognostic factors predicting survival outcome in pediatric relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 43 patients with HL who relapsed at least 3 months after completion of initial treatment from January 2001 to December 2010. Probabilities of OS, EFS and cumulative incidence were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Log rank tests were used to compare survival curves and p-value<0.05 was considered significant Results: Median age at relapse was 11± 3.3 years. In 72% of patients EPIC chemotherapy was employed. Median follow up of this cohort was 62 months (range 4-187 months). OS and EFS at 10 years was 54% and 35% respectively. On univariate analysis; initial disease stage (p=0.021), stage at relapse (p=0.003), treatment protocol (p=0.005), treatment responsiveness at initial two cycles of salvage chemotherapy (p=0.002) and at the end of treatment assessment (p=0.0009) were statistically significant factors. Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed disease stage at relapse (p=0.004), chemotherapy regimen (p=0.025) and end of treatment disease evaluation (p=0.005) as the statistically significant variables. Conclusion: First relapse of HL is potentially salvageable with standard dose chemotherapy with/without radiation. The patients with early stage at relapse and those with chemo-responsiveness can be effectively treated without ASCT. We observed improved outcome with EPIC chemotherapy regimen for the patients who had DFI of more 2 years.
The concept of identity: from philosophy to cell biology and back
Authors:   Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania, Leabu Mircea , Sasaki Kei ,   Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Published: November 2020

Life represents a very complex phenomenon based on the organization and functions of cells, the elementary units of any living structure. The proper functioning of every cell in an organism assures its health. In addition, proper functioning also means the great ability of cells to adapt to changes in the environment and survive to the advantage of the organism they belong to. Sometimes, the functions of some cells can be so affected by certain stressors that they can deviate from a normal to a pathological state. Proper functioning of the cell is determined by its identity, which if changed can often induce pathology. This is the underlying reason for our interest in cell identity determination, increasingly critical for our understanding of cell biology and medicine. In this paper, we aim to analyze the concept of identity in general terms, starting with its approaches in philosophy and switching toward its practical, biological application in cell identity. We will advocate the need to balance various views on the concept of identity in order to find solutions in approaching cell identity
Single cell genomics for cellular phenotyping: applications in brain disorder
Authors:   Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania, Arghir Aurora , Papuc Sorin Mihaela ,   Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania, Kosik Kenneth ,   Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA, Budișteanu Magdalena ,   Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry Bucharest, Romania
Published: November 2020

This article explore the avenues opened by single cell genomics in medical research and clinical practice, with focus on brain and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism.
Single cell genomics for cellular phenotyping: applications in brain disorder
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Departmentof Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Romania, Arghir Aurora
Published: November 2020

Neurovascular unit (NVU) is an elaborated multicellular brain-vessel-blood interface supporting a controlled blood-brain communication through the selective-permeable blood-brain barrier (BBB) and an adequate neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling. Impairment of NVU during aging and neurologic disorders is accompanied by microvascular dysfunction, BBB opening, neurovascular uncoupling, and neuroinflammation, with deleterious effects on brain microenvironment and neuronal signaling. After stroke, neurons are usually lost in the infarct core and astrocytes become reactive and proliferative, dysregulating the balance between neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the NVU in the lesioned area. In this review, we present major cytological responses of the NVU to cerebral ischemia with an emphasis on the aged brain. Early responses of the neurovascular unit to chronic hypoxia include neutrophils infiltration, brain edema, blood vessel disintegration, astrocytes and endothelial cells proliferation as well as conversion of resident microglia to phagocytic microglia. Later responses include the confinement of the peri-infarcted region by a scar tissue composed mainly of reactive astrocytes and endothelial cells, and angiogenesis. However, the newly formed capillary network is disorganized and the blood vessels are leaky making a successful regeneration of the damaged area, unlikely.
A NEW BENT-TOED GECKO SPECIES OF THE GENUS Cyrtodactylus GRAY, 1827 (SQUAMATA : GEKKONIDAE) FROM THE WEST BALI NATIONAL PARK, BALI, INDONESIA
Authors:   Research Center for Climate Change, Multidisciplinary Lab, FMIPA Building, 7th Floor, Kampus UI, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia, Amarasinghe A.A. Thasun , Riyanto Awal , Mumpuni Mumpuni , Grismer Lee L.
Published: November 2020

A new bent-toed gecko species of the genus Cyrtodactylus is described herein from West Bali National Park on the island of Bali, Indonesia. The Cyrtodactylus from Bali have been recognized as C. fumosus for nearly a century. However, recent detailed examination of the type material of C. fumosus has revealed that Balinese Cyrtodactylus represent at least one different species. A morphological examination of the new species and samples from different biogeographic regions revealed that the new species is similar to C. seribuatensis from Pulau Seribuat in West Malaysia. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from its congener by having 40–43 femoro-precloacal pores (vs 10–12 precloacal pores, 14–16 femoral pores), 40–48 ventral scales between ventrolateral folds (vs 28–39), 24–29 rows of dorsal tubercles (vs 27–35), and presence of tubercles on lateral skinfold (vs absent).