bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of SANGUINATE® (PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin bovine) on cardiopulmonary bypass functionality using a bovine whole blood model of normovolemic hemodilution
Authors: Romito Bryan T , McBroom Mandy M , Bryant Dawn , Gamez Jacob , Merchant Akeel , Hill Steven E
Published: May 2019

Background:

Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass carries a high risk of bleeding and need for blood transfusion. Blood administration is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Perioperatively, strategies are often employed to reduce blood transfusions in high-risk patients or in situations where blood transfusion is contraindicated. Normovolemic hemodilution is a blood conservation technique used during cardiac surgery that involves replacement of blood with fluids. SANGUINATE® (PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin bovine) is a novel hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier that can deliver oxygen effectively to tissues in the presence of severe hypoxia. The use of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier during hemodilution may augment tissue oxygen delivery and reduce blood transfusion.

Methods:

Six standardized cardiopulmonary bypass runs simulating normovolemic hemodilution using varying proportions of bovine whole blood and SANGUINATE were performed. Pump speed, flow rate, line pressures, hemoglobin concentration, oxygenation, and degree of anticoagulation were assessed at regular intervals. Membrane oxygenators and arterial line filters were inspected for evidence of clotting following each run.

Results:

Increases in the pressure drop across the membrane oxygenator were detected during runs 5 and 6. Median activated clotting time values were able to be maintained at goal during the runs, and SANGUINATE did not appear to be thrombogenic. Hemoglobin concentration decreased following the addition of SANGUINATE. Oxygenation was maintained during all runs that included SANGUINATE.

Conclusion:

SANGUINATE does not impact the performance of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit in a bovine whole blood model. The results support further evaluation of SANGUINATE in the setting of normovolemic hemodilution and cardiopulmonary bypass.
Analyzing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hubei Province, China: a space–time cube-based approach
Authors: Zhao Youlin , Ge Liang , Liu Junwei , Liu Honghui , Yu Lei , Wang Ning , Zhou Yijun , Ding Xu
Published: May 2019

Objective

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a natural–focal infectious disease caused by hantaviruses, resulted in 37 deaths between 2011 and 2015 in Hubei Province, China. HFRS outbreaks are seasonally distributed, exhibiting heterogeneity in space and time. We aimed to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of HFRS epidemics and their probable influencing factors.

Methods

We used the space–time cube (STC) method to investigate HFRS epidemics in different space–time locations. STC can be used to visualize the trajectories of moving objects (or changing tendencies) in space and time in three dimensions. We applied space–time statistical methods, including space–time hot spot and space–time local outlier analyses, based on a calculated STC model of HFRS cases, to identify spatial and temporal hotspots and outlier distributions. We used the space–time gravity center method to reveal associations between possible factors and HFRS epidemics.

Results

In this research, HFRS cases for each space–time location were defined by the STC model, which can present the dynamic characteristics of HFRS epidemics. The STC model delivered accurate and detailed results for the spatiotemporal patterns of HFRS epidemics.

Conclusion

The methods in this paper can potentially be applied for infectious diseases with similar spatial and temporal patterns.
Descriptive analysis of university-student music preferences during different forms of physical activity
Authors: Ellis Cassandra L , Salmoni Alan W
Published: May 2019

Music can be used to enhance the pleasure derived from physical activity experiences through the selection of songs for each type and intensity of activity, which in turn can reduce negative physiological responses and improve adherence. Third- and fourth-year kinesiology undergraduate students completed a music questionnaire ( N = 113, 63 females). Questions pertaining to whether the individual uses music while participating in exercise and/or leisure activities were asked, in addition to specifics on the purpose of listening to music and their demographic information. The data showed significant individual differences in regard to music preferences for each type of activity. Participants preferred music with a fast tempo for aerobic exercise, slow tempo for strength-training exercise, and slow tempo often in a major mode for leisure type activities. Sex differences were minimal. The results reinforce the idea that individual differences in music choices is an important concept for practitioners and researchers to consider in their future work.
Personality differences among musicians: Real differences or stereotypes?
Authors: Butkovic Ana , Modrusan Ilijana
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to examine whether the differences in personality traits of different groups of musicians are real differences or stereotypes. In our study we included string, brass and woodwind players, singers, pianists and music pedagogy students, namely, more groups of musicians than in previous studies. Participants were 182 music students (103 female) with average age 20.86 years ( SD = 2.72). Using the BFI-10 personality questionnaire, the participants had to evaluate their own personality traits, and then the personality traits of six groups of musicians. Participants also had to evaluate themselves and six groups of musicians on three pairs of adjectives: masculine–feminine (MF), insensitive/not emotional–sensitive/emotional (EM), and averse to alcohol consumption–prone to excessive alcohol consumption (AC). Results of the Kruskal–Wallis (K–W) test indicated that self-reported personality traits and self-reports on pairs of adjectives of different groups of musicians were coming from the same distribution. Comparison of self-reports with in-group and out-group peer reports showed that there are stereotypes about different groups of musicians. The differences between self-reports and peer-reports were most pronounced for openness, agreeableness, and proneness to alcohol consumption.
Survivorship and Outcome of Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Performed With Modern Surgical Techniques
Authors: Nho Shane J. , Beck Edward C. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Neal William H. , Harris Joshua D. , Weber Alexander E. , Mather Richard C.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a rapidly growing field in sports surgery; however, factors associated with poor outcomes and identification of predictor models of inferior clinical outcomes is unclear.

Purpose:

To analyze predictors of clinical failure and inferior clinical outcomes among patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for treatment of FAIS.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were collected and analyzed from consecutive patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy with routine capsular closure for the treatment of FAIS from a single fellowship-trained surgeon between January 2012 and November 2015. Baseline data, postoperative patient-reported outcomes, and rates of clinical failure and inferior clinical outcomes were recorded at 2 years postoperatively. Clinical failure was defined by revision hip arthroscopy or conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Inferior clinical outcome was defined as not reaching the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) or patient acceptable symptomatic state for Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of clinical failure and inferior clinical outcome.

Results:

Out of 1161 eligible patients, 935 (80.5%) completed 2-year postoperative patient-reported outcomes. The mean ± SD age and body mass index were 33.3 ± 12.3 years and 25.4 ± 8.2 kg/m2, respectively. The overall clinical failure rate was 3.6% (n = 34), including 23 cases (2.5%) of revision hip arthroscopy and 11 cases (1.2%) of conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Predictors of clinical failure were lower preoperative International Hip Outcome Tool score ( P = .016), chronic preoperative pain ( P = .001), and chondromalacia in the affected hip ( P = .04). The inferior clinical outcome group, consisting of those who failed to reach the MCID for Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living, included 256 patients (27.4%). Predictors of inferior clinical outcomes were Tönnis grade >1 ( P = .01), workers’ compensation ( P < .001), and increased body mass index ( P = .02).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that 73% of all patients treated for symptomatic FAIS with primary hip arthroscopy and routine capsular closure achieved the MCID. Clinical failure is predicted by a number of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors, including chronic preoperative pain and presence of chondromalacia. The current study updates the midterm failure rates and outcomes achievable with hip arthroscopy for FAIS.
The Impact of Relational Adverse Childhood Experiences on Suicide Outcomes During Early and Young Adulthood
Authors: Pournaghash-Tehrani Seyed Said , Zamanian Hadi , Amini-Tehrani Mohammadali
Published: May 2019

This study aimed at investigating the degree to which relational adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) would affect suicide outcomes during early and young adulthood of Iranian female and male students. In all, 487 undergraduate students (59.2% females) with a mean age of 20.66 ± 1.42 were recruited using a multistage clustering sampling method from eight schools from the fields of humanities, engineering, and basic sciences. Suicide Behavior Questionnaire–Revised form (SBQ-R) was employed for assessing past year suicidal ideation (PYSI, once or more), the meaningful likelihood of future suicide (mLoFS, a score of 2 or more), and suicide risk (SR ≥7). Relational ACEs were assessed in the form of a yes/no question, including caregivers’ maltreatment, household relational dysfunction, family loss events, school events, and sexual abuse. Analyses were conducted using Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, and univariate binary logistic regression. The rates of PYSI, LoFS, and SR were, respectively, 37.2%, 44.6%, and 30.8%. The most experienced event was witnessing verbal violence (68.8%) and the least was divorce/separation (6.2%). All the events and domains (except family loss events), the interaction of domains, and cumulative events significantly increased the odds of suicide outcomes, in which females were more affected by all types of relational ACEs. Students whose ethnicity was Azari & Turk and who were studying in humanities or basic sciences showed a higher suicide risk than their counterparts. The study showed that the rates of relational ACEs and suicide outcomes were remarkable, in Iran. Because of the detrimental effects of relational ACEs on suicidality, mostly for females, it is necessary to improve the initiatives promoting child protection and legal support for health professionals to address child abuse. There is also an urgent need for providing young students with supports and effective interventions.
Time and World-History
Authors: Plys Kristin
Published: May 2019

A concept of time is implicit in any theory that endeavors to make sense of human existence. History, particularly world-history or macro-history, is multi-dimensional, relative, and infinite. Comprehending the infinite has long been an epistemological puzzle for both mathematics and philosophy, but one that has never been explicitly contextualized for historical sociological research. Because the infinite needs to be measured by a concept that is similarly infinite, how can one conceive of a non-terminating sweep of history when the tools with which we measure time are themselves finite or use finite increments? By shifting the focus away from the ontology of time to the epistemological issues raised by the concept of infinite time, I contend that historical sociology can begin to incorporate a more explicit understanding of how time affects the results and conclusions drawn from historical research through an understanding of the methodological and polemical implications of the epistemological issues raised by the concept of infinite time. In this article, I contend that an explicit philosophy of infinite time for historical sociology has implications for the epistemological foundations of historical sociology, but more importantly, affects whether historical sociology can describe the political economy of capitalism and develop left praxis.
Disconnecting Labour? The Labour Process in the UK Fast Fashion Value Chain
Authors: Hammer Nikolaus , Plugor Réka
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on the interlinkages between the labour process and global value chains. It draws on the renewed growth in UK apparel manufacturing, specifically within the fast fashion value chain, and asks how value chain requirements are translated into the labour process as well as how the latter enables quick response manufacturing. The case study shows how buyer-lead firms engender accelerated capital circuits of fast fashion which rely on an increased segmentation of manufacturers and workers, the elimination of unproductive spaces in the labour process, and a further rise in the informalisation and precarity of labour. The article demonstrates a strategic disconnection within the fast fashion value chain: upstream manufacturers are only able to satisfy lead firms’ economic and operational standards if they disconnect – informalise – labour from the latter’s ‘ethical’ standards.
This is (still) a man’s world: Young professional women’s identity struggles in gendered workplaces
Authors: Chowdhury Nilima , Gibson Kerry
Published: May 2019

Recent research has documented the rise of neoliberal and postfeminist sensibilities within young women’s sense-making and accounting activities in western countries – exemplified by the image of the “top girl”. Yet workplaces remain structured by male power and patriarchal norms. In this qualitative focus group study conducted in Auckland, New Zealand, we investigated how young professional women negotiate the contradictions between the “top girl” mode and gendered workplaces in their accounts of workplace difficulties. Our aim was to explore the affective dimension of participants’ identity struggles and to discuss possible implications for thinking about young professional women’s experiences of emotional distress. We identified shared narratives about how to “survive”, and suggest the imperatives bound up in them can be thought of as lessons that women learn to get by at work. In addition to reinforcing the status quo, they represent the negotiation of inherently conflictual professional identities, which places a considerable emotional strain on women.
Recent advancements in plant aquaphotomics – Towards understanding of “drying without dying” phenomenon and its implications
Authors: Muncan Jelena , Kuroki Shinichiro , Moyankova Daniela , Morita Hiroyuki , Atanassova Stefka , Djilianov Dimitar , Tsenkova Roumiana
Published: May 2019

The research team of Kobe University’s Graduate School of Agriculture Science, led by Professor Dr Roumiana Tsenkova and a research group from Agrobioinstitute in Sofia, Bulgaria led by Professor Dr Dimitar Djilianov, recently made a significant step forward in understanding the “drying without dying” phenomenon in resurrection plants – a small group of plant species which are able to survive long periods without water. Using aquaphotomics and near infrared spectroscopy, the entire process of desiccation and subsequent rehydration in one such plant – Haberlea rhodopensis was monitored non-destructively and compared with botanically similar, non-resurrection species Deinostigma eberhardtii. The research found that during drying, resurrection plant performs controlled, organized restructuring of water molecular network in its leaves as a preparation for full desiccation which is characterized by accumulation of water molecular dimers and water molecules with four hydrogen bonds, while free water molecules are drastically diminished. This regulation of water structure in the leaves appears to be the protective mechanism against dehydration-induced damages of the tissues which ensures survival in the absence of water. The discovery that water molecular structure is important for preservation of plant tissues not only opens up new possibilities for bioengineering of crops better adapted to combat climate changes but may also have important implications for food preservation industry, preservation of tissues in medicine and in biomedical applications.
Digital justice in Australian visa application processes?
Authors: McLean Jessica , Mackenzie Rohan
Published: May 2019

Automation and privatisation of the Australian visa processing system may produce digital injustices. As of late 2018, the federal government is pursuing automation and privatisation of visa processing to increase revenue, but this move will cut at least 3000 jobs and, given other experiences in automation and privatisation processes pursued by the government, is likely to produce serious errors. Automation of visa processing is under consideration and it may involve the use of artificial intelligence to facilitate decision-making on visas, drawing on digital tools to achieve this end. At this stage, the exact form of privatisation and automation for Australian visa processing is not yet decided. A digital justice lens is used to analyse some of the issues associated with uncritically pursuing ‘disruptive’ technologies.
The Experiences and Support Needs of Grandparents of Children Born With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Guest Ella , Costa Bruna , McCarthy Gillian , Cunniffe Claire , Stock Nicola Marie
Published: May 2019

Objective:

The birth of a child with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) can have a significant emotional and social impact on parents. Yet, the impact on the wider family is rarely investigated. Grandparents are becoming increasingly involved in the care of their grandchildren and may therefore have support needs of their own. The aim of the current study was to explore the experiences and support needs of grandparents of children born with CL/P.

Design:

Individual semistructured telephone interviews were carried out with 12 grandparents of children born with CL/P and were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results:

Five themes were identified (1) emotional impact of CL/P on grandparents, (2) grandparents’ social experiences, (3) grandparents’ involvement, (4) grandparents’ information needs, and (5) grandparents’ support needs. Participants experienced difficult emotions around the time of diagnosis and were concerned about the child’s treatment and future experiences. Participants played a significant role in supporting the whole family, but received little information or support themselves.

Conclusions:

Grandparents reported experiences comparable to published literature on parents. Clinicians and charitable organizations could consider how existing resources could be made more accessible to and/or adapted for wider family members, including grandparents.
Concurrent Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma and Angiomyolipoma With Epithelial Cysts in the Setting of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Rare Synchronous Occurrence of 2 Distinct Entities
Authors: Cho Woo Cheal , Collins Katrina , Mnayer Laila , Cartun Richard W. , Earle Jonathan S.
Published: May 2019

Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESCRCC) is a recently described distinct renal neoplasm known to occur almost exclusively in female patients with or without tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). We report a case of ESCRCC with 2 synchronous angiomyolipomas, including 1 angiomyolipoma with epithelial cysts (AMLEC), a rare cystic variant of AML that typically arises sporadically in the absence of TSC, in a 46-year-old woman with TSC. Besides additional copy number alterations identified in ESCRCC via molecular karyotyping, we also report a unique histologic feature of TSC-associated ESCRCC previously not described in detail, with formation of semicircular multinucleated neoplastic giant cells engulfing an additional intact neoplastic cell, simulating emperipolesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ESCRCC with concurrent AMLEC in a patient with TSC, confirmed through additional genetic testing showing a germline heterozygous mutation in TSC1. Awareness of ESCRCC helps avoid the pitfall of a diagnosis of unclassified renal cell carcinoma, a typically much more aggressive tumor.
Impact of alemtuzumab on health-related quality of life over 6 years in CARE-MS II trial extension patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Arroyo Rafael , Bury Denise P , Guo Jennifer D , Margolin David H , Melanson Maria , Daizadeh Nadia , Cella David
Published: May 2019

Background:

In CARE-MS II (Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif® Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis; NCT00548405), alemtuzumab (12 mg/day; baseline: 5 days; 12 months later: 3 days) significantly improved health-related quality of life (HRQL) outcomes versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a (SC IFNB-1a) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients over 2 years. Patients completing CARE-MS II could enter a 4-year extension study (NCT00930553).

Objective:

The aim of this study is to assess 6-year HRQL outcomes in alemtuzumab-treated CARE-MS II patients, including those with highly active disease (HAD).

Methods:

During extension, patients could receive additional alemtuzumab for clinical/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity or other disease-modifying therapies per investigator’s discretion. Assessments include Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and EQ-5D visual analog scale (EQ-VAS).

Results:

Alemtuzumab-treated patients improved or stabilized all HRQL measures over 6 years with significant improvements from baseline at all time points on EQ-VAS and for up to 5 years on FAMS, SF-36 MCS, and SF-36 PCS. Alemtuzumab-treated patients with HAD showed significant improvements versus baseline at Year 2 on all HRQL measures, and significant improvements versus SC IFNB-1a on SF-36 PCS and EQ-VAS; however, the improvements did not reach the threshold for clinical relevance.

Conclusion:

Alemtuzumab-treated CARE-MS II patients improved or stabilized HRQL versus baseline over 6 years. This is the first study to show long-term HRQL benefits in patients with HAD.
Physiotherapy management of patients with major chest trauma: Results from a global survey
Authors: Aswegen Heleen van , Reeve Julie , Beach Lisa , Parker Romy , Olsèn Monika Fagevik
Published: May 2019

Aim

Major chest trauma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Management of patients with major chest trauma includes pain relief, ventilatory management, surgical fixation and early rehabilitation to improve both short- and long-term outcomes. Physiotherapy is widely considered an integral component of the multidisciplinary trauma team and aims to improve respiratory status and reduce the sequelae associated with immobility and reduced physical function. Despite this there is scarce evidence describing or investigating physiotherapy interventions and how these practices vary worldwide. The aim of this study was to ascertain the current physiotherapy management of patients having sustained major chest trauma and to investigate how such practices varied internationally.

Methods

A purpose designed online survey was administered to a group of experienced physiotherapists who work in the field of trauma.

Results

Response rate was 51% ( n = 49) and respondents represented all five continents. Respondents reported focussing on active coughing ( n = 46, 96%, r = 0.5, p = 0.98), body positioning ( n = 43, 94%, r = 0.7, p = 0.41), deep breathing exercises ( n = 44, 94%, r = 0.8, p = 0.66) and early mobilisation ( n = 47, 98%, r = 1, p = 0.64). Ambulation in hospital was reported to be common ( n = 46, 98%, r = 0.2, p = 0.99) but rehabilitation to address longer term sequelae following hospital discharge was reported to be rare ( n = 4, 8%).

Conclusion

This survey has highlighted those practices used by physiotherapists worldwide which aim to address the complications associated with major chest trauma. Having established global practice, the study provides a platform for future research investigating the efficacy of such interventions in improving both short- and long-term outcomes for patients following major chest injury.
Boundary maintenance and the origins of trolling
Authors: Graham Elyse
Published: May 2019

This article presents a new social framework for understanding the origins of trolling and its expansion from an obscure practice, limited to a handful of boards on Usenet, to a pervasive component of Internet culture. I argue that trolling originated, in the term of sociologists, as a form of boundary maintenance that served to distinguish communities of self-identified online insiders from others beyond the boundaries of their community and to drive outsiders away from their spaces. This framework can help us to better understand the transformations that trolling has undergone in the decades since its inception, as well as the persistence of misogyny and prejudice throughout the history of the practice.
Impact of the onset of fixed appliance therapy on adolescents’ quality of life using a specific condition questionnaire: A cross-sectional comparison between male and female individuals
Authors: Corradi-Dias Larissa , Paiva Saul Martins , Pretti Henrique , Pordeus Isabela Almeida , Abreu Lucas Guimarães
Published: May 2019

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of the first six months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents, comparing boys and girls, using a specific condition questionnaire.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Participants:

Adolescents aged 10–17 years.

Methods:

Forty-six adolescents participated in this study. Adolescents’ OHRQoL was evaluated using the Brazilian version of the questionnaire Impact of Fixed Appliances Measure. This questionnaire comprises 43 questions distributed across nine domains: aesthetics; functional limitation; dietary impact; oral hygiene impact; maintenance impact; physical impact; social impact; time constraints; and travel/cost/inconvenience implications. The answer options follow the Likert scale, in the range of 1–5. A higher score indicates a more negative impact on the OHRQoL. Adolescents’ malocclusion was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Information on family income, adolescents’ age and tooth extraction was also collected. A directed acyclic graph was used to identify potential confounders. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test, the Student’s t test and the analysis of covariance. The minimal clinically important difference was also calculated.

Results:

Of the 46 participants, 25 were girls and 21 were boys. The female adolescents presented a more negative impact from the orthodontic treatment on the quality of life when compared to the male adolescents ( P < 0.001), regardless of the influence of the confounding variables. The most negative repercussions were identified in the domains of oral hygiene ( P = 0.002), physical impact ( P < 0.001) and social impact ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The impact of the first six months of orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL is more negative in female individuals than in male individuals. The results of this study may be useful for the oral healthcare provider during the counselling of adolescents undergoing fixed appliance therapy.
Power, anxiety, and relationships between returning citizens and parole officers
Authors: Cnaan Ram A , Woida Kelsey
Published: May 2019

This study evaluates the relationships between parole officers and ex-prisoners, who return to communities after incarceration (returning citizens). We measured returning citizens’ anxiety about meeting their parole officers and the ways in which they prepare for their meetings. We relate anxiety levels to developing a therapeutic alliance, client confidence that their parole officer is working in their best interest, client truthfulness about their housing and work status, and client optimism about their reentry process. To measure returning citizen anxiety and experience with parole officers, we carried out a survey of returning citizens (N = 193) in Philadelphia just before they were to meet their parole officers.

Findings

The results illuminate the ways that anxiety has significant negative impact on the quality of the working relationship between returning citizens and their parole officers but not precautionary behaviors. Returning citizens who reported higher anxiety prior to meeting their parole officer tend to report lower therapeutic alliance, less confidence that the parole officer works on their behalf, and less truthfulness.

Implications

Our findings provide more insight into what needs and challenges people on parole and probation face and outline new ideas about which of these factors parole officers should attend to in order to improve the services they provide. We call for parole officers to be cognizant of the anxiety that people under probation face and the need to make them feel supported and at ease. We also call for social workers in most countries to take a more active role in the provision of parole and probation services.
The use of statistics to define taxonomies of film voices: a practical approach to documentary classification
Authors: Villanueva Baselga Sergio , Perez-Montoro Mario , Sánchez Lydia
Published: May 2019

The study of visual content using qualitative methods currently involves much scholarly work in the field of digital humanities. Documentary films are considered among those objects defined as visual content and are therefore not the focus of most attention within Film Studies. One of the best-known researchers in this area, Bill Nichols, proposed a theoretical classification of six documentary voices that is widely recognized in academic circles. However, the classification is based on induction and intuition which, until now, have not been verified in accordance with the evidence. This study proposes a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology that allows the authors to surpass Nichols’ model and generate a new classification based on empirical criteria. To that end, they study the opinions of users of and experts on Nichols’ theory through the card sorting technique borrowed from cognitive science that is based on multivariate statistics. In this way, they generate a hierarchy of formal cinematographic elements grouped into four documentary voices and Nicholas’ classification proposal is partly replaced as two of the voices in his model disappear but the four others are confirmed. In addition, this new model allows the authors to determine which formal elements are assigned to each one of the confirmed documentary modes and with what relative weights, thereby opening up the possibility of generating a predictive model. The article therefore demonstrates that cluster analysis and other techniques borrowed from multivariate statistics can be used to empirically and quantitatively verify theories in film studies as well as in other areas such as poetics. This suggests that it is possible to verify empirically and use quantitative models for the study of visual content and complement other methods based on induction and intuition.
Neighborhoods That Matter: How Place and People Affect Political Participation
Authors: LeVan Carrie
Published: May 2019

Well established in the literature is that social context, like the racial or partisan composition of neighborhoods, affects individual political behavior. Less understood is how the design of neighborhoods may also influence these behaviors. This article seeks to improve how physical context is measured and to examine how the built environment subsequently affects individual political participation. Using a nationally representative survey with measures of the frequency of neighbor interaction and individual voter turnout and to which I merged respondents’ census tract information and then used Google Maps images to code respondents’ neighborhood design features, I show how the physical structure of residential places—whether homes have porches, streets are tree-lined, neighborhoods have natural gathering places—promotes neighborly exchanges that subsequently affect individual voter turnout.
An Examination of the Role of First-Year College-Level Mathematics in STEM Field Major Persistence at a Hispanic-Serving Institution
Authors: Paschal Jaimi , Taggart Amanda
Published: May 2019

This study examined the influence of mathematics course-taking on Latina/o science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) major persistence utilizing data from first-year STEM majors at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). Findings indicated that students who passed a first-term college-level mathematics course had significantly greater odds of persisting in STEM majors than those who did not, demonstrating the importance of early mathematics support to increased STEM major persistence.
Influence of spatial visual conditions in tunnel on driver behavior: Considering the route familiarity of drivers
Authors: Hu Yueqi , Liu Haoxue , Zhu Tong
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate how route familiarity affected drivers’ eye movement features (fixation and saccade) and driving speed when driving in the entrance zone of highway tunnels with different spatial visual conditions. On-road tests were conducted on the drivers’ visual characteristics and the speed were recorded in real time using an eye tracker and onboard diagnostic system. The variations in the eye movement features and speed in the entrance zone of the tunnels were analyzed. Then, statistical methods were conducted to examine the influence of the route familiarity and spatial visual conditions of tunnels on the driver behavior. The results demonstrated that the variations in the drivers’ eye movements and speed were much more significant in the entrance zone of a tunnel without spatial intervisibility than in a tunnel with spatial intervisibility. The impact of this environmental transition on unfamiliar drivers was greater than that on familiar drivers. Road familiarity reduced the drivers’ period of adaptation to the tunnel entrance environment and increased the driving speed.
Reliability analysis of weighted-k-out-of-n system consisting of three-state components
Authors: Eryilmaz Serkan , Bozbulut Ali Riza
Published: May 2019

The reliability of a weighted-[Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text] system that consists of three-state components is studied. The system is assumed to comprise [Formula: see text] three-state components, namely, perfect functioning, partial working, and complete failure and functions if the total weight of all the working components is at least [Formula: see text]. Reliability expressions are presented when the times spent by components in perfect functioning and partial working states are dependent with a given joint distribution. Sufficient conditions are also provided to compare the expected total weights of two systems.
Influence of the evolution of high-speed railway infrastructure on the success of Italian liberalization
Authors: Olarte Bacares Carlos Augusto , Brunel Julien , Sigaud Damien
Published: May 2019

The arrival of a new operator on the Italian high-speed railway (HSR) market, its maintanance and its market share made Italian open access experience one of the most successful liberalization models in the HSR sector. Researchers noticed that since the entry of the new operator, expansion of Italian HSR market is mostly due to the presence of this new operator. The aim of this article is to establish whether there were some other characteristics of the Italian HSR market that may explain this success even if it may be in opposition with what theory commonly suggests about competition in HSR markets. This research tries to do a complementary analysis by making a comparison with another successful HSR market that is not already liberalized: the French HSR market. After retracing supply, demand and markets maturity of Rome–Milan and Paris–Marseille lines, results reveal that supply and demand evolutions in both markets were very similar, if not identical after the commissioning of HSR. It suggests that liberalization may not be the only explanation of the significant evolution of Italian HSR market but that the opening of new infrastructures may also lead to positive trends that remain until markets reach a high level of maturity. This maturity understood as the residual capacity of the network and partially determined by infrastructure improvement seems to be another variable that had influenced the success of NTV. Indeed, before liberalization, Italian HSR network was far from saturation that allowed new entrant to capture important market shares.
Post-anastomotic venous stenosis after Optiflow deployment: An unexpected outcome
Authors: Al Adas Ziad , Haddad George , Patel Bhavin C , Kumbar Lalathaksha , Al-Abid Baha , Balraj Praveen , Kabbani Loay S
Published: May 2019

Arteriovenous fistula failure represents a major cause of hospitalization and a significant economic burden for end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. The Optiflow (Bioconnect Systems Inc., Ambler, PA) is a new device developed to improve arteriovenous fistula outcomes and decrease failure rates by reducing the risk of stenosis and improving maturation rates. This case report describes a 50-year-old male with hypertensive nephropathy on dialysis who had multiple arteriovenous fistula failures in the past. He was scheduled to undergo brachiocephalic fistula construction using the Optiflow device. After 8 months of use, the new fistula developed a peri-anastomotic venous stenosis, just distal to the Optiflow device. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a complication has been reported.
The cultural power metric: Toward a reputational analysis of China’s soft power in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Yecies Brian , Keane Michael , Yu Haiqing , Zhao Elaine Jing , Zhong Peter Yong , Leong Susan , Wu Huan
Published: May 2019

The advent of new media technologies has changed how people watch, engage with, and share digital media. Conventionally, audiences were surveyed selectively, and the results were collated by professional agencies and often kept confidential. However, the conspicuous ratings given to media and cultural products outside their country of origin and their very public success and failure raises questions about the validity of such methods, particularly at a time when media and cultural products are used as proxies for cultural “soft power.” This term, first used by Joseph Nye in a political context, evokes reputational impact: a particular nation’s cultural and media products can “go global” if they prove sufficiently popular, reflecting positively on the originating nation. This article examines the various methods used to evaluate China’s “cultural power.” It notes the current weighting given to the humanities and social sciences. By applying some basic big data analysis and machine-learning techniques, the authors build on previous studies by offering new insights into the rise of “Digital China” and China’s digital and Internet trailblazers. The authors consider two major international metrics, as well as China’s early experimental attempts at devising its own standard, before introducing an alternative model, the cultural power metric.
Variability of Reporting Recurrence After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: A Call for a Standardized Study Design
Authors: Kennedy Mitchell I. , Murphy Colin , Dornan Grant J. , Moatshe Gilbert , Chahla Jorge , LaPrade Robert F. , Provencher Matthew T.
Published: May 2019

Background:

High recurrence rates have been reported after anterior shoulder dislocations, regardless of the treatment utilized. However, the definition of recurrent instability has been inconsistent, making a comparison between studies difficult.

Purpose:

To report on the nature with which the rate of recurrent instability is reported after arthroscopic Bankart repair, across all levels of evidence, and to analyze factors that may affect the reported rate of recurrence.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published within the dates of January 2008 and September 2018. Studies in English that reported on the recurrence of instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability were considered for inclusion in this review. A meta-regression was performed to test for a linear association between the reported recurrence rate and several continuous covariates, including mean age at surgery, mean length of follow-up, attrition rate (loss to follow-up percentage), and percentage of male patients.

Results:

A trim-and-fill meta-analysis yielded an estimated overall recurrence rate of 17.4% (95% CI, 14.3%-20.9%). There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate depending on the level of evidence (Q(3) = 10.98; P = .012). Significant associations were found with the recurrence rate through the meta-regression, including a negative association with mean age ( P = .009), a positive association with mean follow-up time ( P = .002), and a positive association with attrition rate ( P = .035).

Conclusion:

A call for standardization is necessary for reporting outcomes of anterior instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair, especially with regard to the reporting of recurrence/failure rates, with careful consideration of the effects that may occur from patient demographics and study design. With no current recommendations for deeming failure, we suggest that all forms of instability be accounted for when determining a failed treatment procedure, with future studies placing an emphasis on greater control of the study design.
Outcomes of the Latarjet procedure for the treatment of chronic anterior shoulder instability: patients with prior arthroscopic Bankart repair versus primary cases
Authors: Werthel Jean-David , Sabatier Vincent , Amsallem Lior , Vigan Marie , Hardy Alexandre
Published: May 2019

Objectives

The two most common surgical interventions for recurrent anterior shoulder instability include arthroscopic Bankart repair and the Latarjet procedure. However, indications for each procedure remain debated between surgeons with 90% of surgeons (except French surgeons) preferring soft tissue Bankart repair initially. It remains unclear whether the results of a Latarjet procedure performed after a failed arthroscopic Bankart repair differ from those performed for primary cases. The purpose of our study was to compare the postoperative outcomes of patients who had undergone a Latarjet as a primary surgery versus those who had had a Latarjet as revision surgery for a failed arthroscopic Bankart repair

Methods

Patients who had undergone open or arthroscopic Latarjet procedure between 2003 and 2015 in 5 fellowship-trained surgical practices were included. Charts were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who had undergone a primary Latarjet or those who had had a Bankart repair prior to the Latarjet. Age, ISIS score, BMI, sports activity, hyperlaxity and delay before surgery were retrospectively collected. Outcome measures were prospectively collected, including range of motion, SSV, Walch-Duplay, scores, recurrence of instability, apprehension or new surgery.

Results

A total of 311 patients were included. 28% of the patients were lost to follow-up and the mean follow-up was 3.4 years +/-0.8. There were 21 patients who had had a Bankart repair prior to the Latarjet procedure. Both populations were comparable regarding preoperative data. The postoperative instability rate was 3% in the overall population; 4.8% in the “primary Latarjet” group and 2.3% in the ”Latarjet for failed Bankart” group. This difference was not significant (p=0.50). However, the mean Walch-Duplay score was significantly lower and the pain scores significantly higher in patients who had had a prior Bankart repair: 51.9 +/- 25 versus 72.1 +/- 25.2 and 2.5/10 versus 1.2/10 respectively. The Simple Shoulder Test was comparable in both groups.

Conclusion

The study confirms that the Latarjet is an effective procedure to treat primary chronic anterior instability and also to stabilize a shoulder after a failed Bankart repair. However, the thought that a Bankart repair does not “burn any bridges” appears to be incorrect relative to postoperative pain and functional scores in the setting of future Latarjet procedure.
Birth and Growth of an Ultrasound Hand Surgery Center: a review of 1167 procedures
Authors: Croutzet Pierre , Guinand Regis , Djerbi Iskander
Published: May 2019

Objectives

With local anesthesia and new ultrasound-guided percutaneous procedures, it is now more often possible to perform hand surgery in minimal settings. Indeed, the authors argue that most hand surgery procedures could be performed in office surgeries. They have reported morbidities in a continuous series of 1167 ultrasound-assisted hand procedures performed under local anesthesia in a clinic setting.

Methods

Over a period of 3,5 years, 1167 in-office procedures (883 patients) were performed using specific ultrasound-guided techniques (previously published) under local anesthesia. We included 372 trigger fingers, 516 carpal tunnel releases, 28 de Quervain releases and 213 Dupuytren contractures, 7 lateral epicondylitis, 31 k-wire removal Exclusion criteria for office surgery were: - ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grade 3 or higher - allergic history (latex, xylocaine…) - age over 85 Asepsis was achieved with a preoperative iodine shower and a 5-step antiseptic skin preparation.Fasting was forbidden and disease-modifying treatments, including anticoagulants, taken as usual. The WALANT technique was used for local anesthesia. All procedures were performed percutaneously under ultrasound guidance. Surgical blades were proscribed, only a 18 gauge needle was used for skin incision. All the instruments were thinner than 1.5 mm, non-disposable and cost less than 50 Bandages were removed by the patient. Bandages were removed by the patient the day after surgery. Morbidities were reported systematically: - before surgery, during local anesthesia (vagal faintness, panic attack) - during surgery (pain, excessive bleeding, faintness, mild heart attack) - after surgery (infection, Sudeck’s disease, hematoma, scarring problem) Individual procedure efficacy was assessed in previous studies and not included in this series.

Results:

Preoperative: - 21 vagal faintness, including 7 syncopes with spontaneous resolution (6 vagal faintness (with 3 syncopes) was observed in the last 1000 patients) - no panick attack Operative: - no pain felt - no excessive bleeding, no specific hemostasis procedure needed - no heart attack Postoperative: - 1 infection in a trigger finger requiring re-operation - 19 Sudeck’s disease - 10 mild hematoma after carpal tunnel release with spontaneous resolution

Conclusion:

The combination of the WALANT technique and ultrasound-assisted procedures provides an original approach that can be used in a clinic setting. The morbidities reported were at least equivalent to those published in standard operating theatre procedures; only one patient was re-operated (case of infection). Hand surgery can be performed in good conditions as in-office surgery using local anesthesia and ultrasound guidance.