bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Exogenous and Endogenous Glucocorticoids on the Spermatogenesis of Albino Rats; A Comparative Study
Authors: Hameed Uzma , Iqbal Sadia , Rehman Fatima , Hassan Aisha , Memon Ayesha Majeed , Mustafa Sumera
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the earlier possible effects of exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoids on the spermatogenesis of albino rats.Methods: This comparative study was conducted at Baqai Medical University in the Department of Anatomy from June till July 2016. Total of 96 adult Sprague rats were used in this study obtained from Agha Khan University; their ages were between 10-12 weeks and their weight ranged between 180-200 gms. Exogenous glucocorticoids were given through intraperitoneal route (i.p. route) at the dose of 1.2 mg/kg/body weight and for endogenous production of cortisol, they were kept in a plastic box daily which was thermostatically maintained at 44º C for 1 hour. They were divided into three main groups and the main group was further categorized into subgroups according to their number of days. The three main groups were; A (control), B (exogenous glucocorticoid), and C (endogenous glucocorticoid). They were sacrificed at the end of the experiment, testes were removed and the effects of exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoids on the spermatogenesis were observed under the light microscope in H&E and PAS stained sections.Results: Spermatogenesis was assessed by Johnsons scoring which ranges from 10 to 1. In the control group, complete spermatogenesis was observed with a Johnson's score of 10 while in group B and C scores were between 10-2 and 10-3, respectively.

Conclusion: From the present study, we conclude that exogenous glucocorticoids cause earlier damage and effects all stages of spermatogenesis with decreased production of quality sperms. This animal study will help to decrease the infertility rate due to excessive and unnecessary use of glucocorticoids especially in the early years of life and by taking preventive measures when exposed to high temperatures.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 among the undergraduate dentistry students of Sindh and Baluchistan and how they manage it.
Authors: Majeed Muhammad Mansoor , Anwar Madiha , Bhatia Moti Ram , Khan Nabeel , Butt  Mehsal Muhammad Naeem , Tabassum Urooj , Durrani Muhammad Shoaib
Published: February 2023

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the anxiety among the undergraduate dentistry students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aimed to find out their stress management strategies.

Methods: A total of 809 undergraduate dentistry students of Sindh and Balochistan contributed to this web-based cross-sectional study. A validated e-questionnaire created using Google form were distributed among the dental college student through social media. Spss 22 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Significantly higher number of females and private college students were the participants. Majority of the students are dissatisfied with the online education and no significant difference is present among private and public sector dental college (p >0.05). Moderate to severe level of anxiety among both gender is prevalent. Praying and recitation of the holy book is the most common couping strategy followed by sleeping, talking to friends and family.

Conclusion:- Psychological sessions should be arranged to improve the mental health of future dental surgeons. Government need to re-evaluate its policies towards the health care system and administration and teaching faculties should focus to upgrade their skill concerning e-learning
Ginseng Holds Promise Against Obesity
Authors: Rehan Rabia , Kamran Mahrukh , Haq Ayesha Abdul , Mubeen Sahar , Khan Maria , Hira
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To determine the effects of ginseng on obese albino rats.Methods: This study was intended to correlate the role of ginseng in reducing body weight, liver weight and size as well as fatty accumulation in hepatocytes of male albino rats weighing between 110g to 140g. This experiment was designed to study the morbid anatomy of an animal model. It was conducted in Animal house of Dow University of Health Sciences. Fifty male Albino Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. Group1 (Gp 1) was on normal balanced diet (control), Group 2 (Gp 2) was on high fat diet (HFD), Group 3 (Gp 3) on HFD plus ginsenoside 100 mg/kg body wt., Group 4 (Gp 4) on HFD plus ginsenoside 200mg/kg body wt., and Group 5 (Gp 5) on HFD plus 400mg/kg body.Results: Weight was increased to 146 g (Gp1) and 236g (Gp 2). Group 3 reduced weight from 236g to 211g. Group 4 to 192g and Group 5 to 171g. Liver weight is also increased by HFD from 4.7g (Gp1) to 9.3 g (Gp 2). Liver weight decreased from 9.3g to 7.2g (Gp 3), 7.6 g (Gp 4) and 5.3 g (Gp 5). Due to deposition of fat in liver, cells enlarged and number of hepatocytes decreased per unit area of reticule. Number of hepatocytes in group 1 was 78.5, in group 2 WAS 38.3, in group 3 was 47.4, in group 4 was 53.8 andin group 5 was 67.7. Random blood sugar (RBS) was altered to 74.3 mg/dl in Gp1, 148 mg/dl in Gp2, 91 mg/dl in Gp3, 92 mg/dl in Gp4 and 69 mg/dl in Gp5.Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that HFD is a major cause of obesity and it should be prevented by introducing ginseng as an anti-obesity in our life. This study concluded that ginseng root extract proves to be more potent as anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidant.
Quality Of Life Satisfaction Among Caregivers Of Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Usman Rahat , Haider Anum , Ramzan Zoobia , Mansoori Shafi
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study is aimed to determine the Quality of Life (QOL) satisfaction among caregivers of schizophrenic patients attending Outpatient department of Psychiatry, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 caregivers of Schizophrenic patients from November 2015 to March 2016 attending out patient department of Psychiatry, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Pakistan. The Caregivers were intimate family members who had spent their significant time (at least 2 years) with the schizophrenia patients. The self administered WHO QOL-BREF (validated Urdu version) scale which has 26 items, was used to measure the Quality of Life (QOL). Quality of life Satisfaction was labeled as positive if QOL score was >75% of the total score.Result: Out of 150 patients, the mean age of the caregivers was 45.36 ± 3.85 years. Most of the caregivers 95 (63.3%) were males and had care giving role of father 49 (32.6%). Most of them were unsatisfied of their QOL, 81 (54%). While only 69 (46%)of the caregivers were satisfied with their QOL. Their QOLwasfound to be significantly associated with age of the patient (p-value <0.00 1) and caregiver (p-value <0.002), employment status (p-value 0.040), monthly family income (p-value <0.001), presence of physical illness of caregiver (p-value <0.001) and his/her relationship with the patient (p-value 0.048).Conclusion: Majority of caregivers of Schizophrenia patients were not satisfied with their Quality of Life. However, there are certain sociodemographic factors such as the age of patient and caregiver, employment and economic status, relationship with the patient and presence of physical illness of caregiver which were found to affect their satisfaction with QOL. Hence focusing those factors in the management plan may improve caregiver's satisfaction level.
Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid (VIA): An Effective Method of Screening for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ali Fauzia , Munim Tazeen Fatima , Nadeem Shabnam , Khatoon Aisha , Shaukat Naz
Published: February 2023

Objective: To assess diagnostic accuracy of visual inspection of cervix with 3-5% acetic acid(VIA) as a screening method for early detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and early cervical cancer.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Gynecology & Obstetrics Department Unit-1, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, from April 2017 to September 2018. Participants were included in the study through non-probability convenience sampling technique. Married, non-pregnant and sexuallyactive women aged between 21-50 years were included in the study. Demographic information and relevant history was taken followed by the procedure for VIA. Acetowhite changes were noted after application of 5% acetic acid on the cervix. The result of the test was documented as positive or negative. Colposcopy was done in all VIA positive cases and suspicious cases with abnormal looking cervix. Biopsy of the cervix was taken for histopathology to assess the results of VIA. SPSS version-20 was used for statistical analysis.Results: There were 323 subjects with a mean age of 35.5 ± 7.6.Out of 323 participants only 6 were found VIA positive (1.86). On histopathology, only two cases were found positive (0.62%), one early invasive cervical cancer and one CIN1. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of visual inspection of cervix after acetic acid application was 100%, 57%, 40%, 100%respectively and the diagnostic accuracy was 66.7%.

Conclusion: Visual inspection of cervix with 3-5% acetic acid is highly sensitive, screening method for cervical cancer. It is quite simple, affordable and better screening modality for detecting cervical cancer at an early stage.
Assessment Of Perceived Causes and Levels of Stress Amongst Clinical Dental Students and House Surgeons. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wali Aisha Wali , Ikram Kashif , Siddiqui Talha , Jawed Rubab , Muhammadi Khaliq Dad , Ahmed Mazid , Qudos Abdul
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess perceived causes and levels of stress amongst clinical dental students and house surgeons of Baqai Dental College.

Methods:  A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2018 – December 2018 after getting ethical approval from ethical committee, Baqai Medical University and permission for data collection was approved from R&D department, Baqai Dental College. (BDC/ERB/2018/011) Dental students from third year, final year and house surgeons were included in the study (n= 250). A structured pre validated questionnaire DES questionnaire 21 consisted of 23 closed ended questions with three responses of categories that are 1) No stress, 2) Mild- moderate and 3) severe stress was used. Data was analysed for frequency and percentages and chi –square test was done to assess the association between academic qualifications with other variables.

Results: The response rate was 59.2%. Majority of them were females 56.8% and 43.2% were male participants. Forty three (28.9%) of the participants reported severe stress regarding fear of getting infectious disease from patients. Thirteen (35.1%) of 3rd year BDS students reported stress regarding examination and grading of patient when compared to 4th year BDS students and house surgeons with a significant relationship. Seventeen (22.7%) of 4th year BDS students reported severe stress due to fear of failure in examination when compared to 3rd year BDS students and house surgeons. Thirteen (35.1%) of the 3rd year BDS students reported stress regarding difficulty with class work

Conclusion: The outcomes of the concluded study are:

Maximum stress level was reported due to fear of getting infectious diseases from patients and fear of failure in examination.

Women reported maximum stress levels than men.

3rd year BDS students reported severe stress than 4th year BDS students.
Association Of Severity of Anemia and Depression Among Patients Presenting with Oral Ulceration
Authors: Razi Afifa , Butt Atif Iqbal , Qureshi Saima , Akram Iqra , Ali Aeman , Saghir Ayesha , Nazir Nosheen
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the association of severity of anemia with depression among patients presenting with oral ulceration at Ziauddin University Dental OPD, Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials and methods: It was an observational study conducted at the department of oral medicine and diagnosis of Ziauddin College of dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan for the duration of one year. One sixty one patients of age 20-50 years of either gender presenting with active aphthous stomatitis (burning sensation on NRS?2 and pain on NRS?3) from last 3-6 months were included in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. All the patients were assessed for depression using Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) and anemia using CBC. PHQ-9 score?5 was deemed as depression positive and the hemoglobin (Hb) level less than 13 g/dL for men and less than 12 g/dL for women was deemed as anemia. Data regarding demographics along with characteristics of oral ulcerations were also noted on pre-designed proforma. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data.

Results: Out of 161 patients with oral ulcers, depression was prevalent in 69%. About 37% of the patients were moderately anemic, 32% were severely anemic and 31% had mild anemia. The significant association was found between depression and severity of anemia (p=0.028). The factor such as age?35 years, female sex and multiple ulcer lesions among anemic and depressed patients were found statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The study concluded that depression and anemia are significantly correlated and can increase the incidence of oral ulceration.

Keywords: Oral ulcer, aphthous ulceration, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, depression, anemia, hemoglobin level
Influences of Coronavirus on Societies
Authors: Iqbal Salwa , Sheikh Kashif Raffat
Published: February 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a tiny self replicated agent that is peculiarly found in humans and animals. A total of seven human Coronavirus types have been well-known to cause infectious disease in humans. They are known to infect the neurological, throat, respiratory and hepatic systems. The first human Coronavirus identified in mid 1960's and then have seen widespread outbreaks in the form of Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERSCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In spite of that, we see the emergence of another outbreak due to a new virus called the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This COVID-19 novel diseases infected people first time in Wuhan, China. As the number of infected cases rises, it is clear that these pandemics pose a threatening impact on social and economic sectors. The general overview of virus, Coronavirus will be explained in this review article and it also enlightened some of significant social and economical factors influenced by the novel COVID-19.
COVID Story; Pandemic Was A Universal Challenge
Authors: Ayesha Abbasi
Published: February 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in recent years has fundamentally altered how people live. SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant hazard to healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and paramedics working as front-line personnel in emergency rooms, clinics, wards, and intensive care units in Pakistan due to the country’s low middle-income status and restricted healthcare and resource availability.
Assessment of Common Problems of Post Graduate Students Pursuing F.C.P.S and M.D.S in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Due To COVID 19 Lockdown
Authors: Behroz Erum , Kumar Sarvaich , Mottani Danish Ali , Ahmed Hafiz Zuhair , Bibi` Ayesha , Khan Sohail
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective: To assess the common concerns of FCPS and MDS trainees in Orthodontics due to COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in different institutes of Sindh which offered FCPS/MDS training in Orthodontics. The study was carried out after approval from the ethical commit- tee. A questionnaire was designed comprising of 15 questions. Each question aiming to assess the difficulties faced by trainees due to the imposition of lockdown. The questionnaire was distributed amongst 80 participants/trainees in the training year 2 to 4.

Results: The average age of study participants was 29 years with range of 27 to 38 years. In this study a large number of subjects said that they were unsure regarding completion of cases due to lockdown i.e; n=63,(77.8%). Approximately half of the study subjects thought that there will be mas- sive patient burden after resuming to the normal practice i.e 40(49.4%). Nearly quarter of them were puzzled that due to lockdown it was difficult to focus on thesis and research work i.e 18(22.2%). Few of them also responded that after resuming to the normal practice there would be pressure from su- perior authorities for academic works i.e; n=9,(11.1%).

Conclusion: This study analyzed those major concerns were non-availability of basic materials for procedures, fear of completion of cases due to lockdown and massive patient burden in clinics after uplifting of lockdown. Therefore, Covid-19 lockdown has in many ways affected the academic and clinical activities of the post-graduate students. The uncertainty to tackle this surprise situation is still an unanswered question.
Students and Faculty Perspective of Effective Feedback Analyzed in an Outcome Based Medical Education System of KSA
Authors: Gulzar Zeb Nida , Zareen Nusrat , Almutairi Ahmed , Malik Sana , Humayun Farhat , Sheikh Naseer ud din , Afzal Kamran
Published: February 2023

Objective: To evaluate and compare the students’ and faculty’s perspectives of feedback & its values in an outcome-based medical education system.

Methods:  This was a cross-sectional, self-evaluated questionnaire-based observational study con- ducted on the students (group A) and faculty members (group B) of the College of Medicine, Majmaah University by convenience sampling technique. Prior to taking the feedback, consent was taken from the students and faculty members.  The responses were recorded on a scale of 1-5 and the data was analyzed using SPSS version (25). The relationship between categorical variables was analyzed using the Chi-square test and a p value of 0.05’ was considered significant.

Results: The questionnaire responses from the A and B groups were recorded. Three important elements were examined: efficacy, value, and the technique for recording constructive feedback. Both groups believed that positive feedback is essential. While there was agreement on various aspects, a substantial difference was also noticed between the perceptive of the two groups in a few areas. Generally, students were observed of being responsive and perceptive, but the instructor’s responded oppositely. There was a considerable disparity in the extent/quantity of input supplied. While the teachers thought it was acceptable, the students did not.

Conclusion: The observed differences between the two stakeholders could create a barrier in the effectiveness of feedback and hence the learning process. The comparison in perspective helped in to understand that students and faculty members approve and understand the effectiveness and value of feedback. Encouraging and utilizing this mode to improve learning is required to strengthen students’ education and teaching environment. There were a few conflict areas in accepting, encouraging, and utilization of feedback in the learning process. The medical education department may play a role in abolishing these conflicts to best utilize the affectivity of feedback.
Subtrochanteric fractures treated with dynamic condylar screw
Authors: Sahito Badaruddin , Khaskheli Javed Hussain , Kumar Dileep , Lakho Muhammad Tahir , Younis Muhammad , Ayub Arsalan Khalil
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To assess the functional outcome of dynamic condylar screws to treat subtrochanteric fractures in adult patients.

Methods: The prospective descriptive study was conducted at the department of orthopedic surgery, Dr. Ruth KM Pfau civil hospital Karachi, Pakistan, from March 2016 to October 2019. A total of 47 patients of 18 to 60 years of either gender with subtrochanteric fractures treated with dynamic condylar screw were included in the study. After consent and counseling, patients were operated on by a consultant orthopedic surgeon and fixed with a dynamic condylar screw. Postoperatively patients were regularly followed at 2nd, 6th, 12th, 16th, 20th weeks, and onwards monthly for at least one year. Functional outcomes such as infection, union, failure of fixation were observed in all patients. SPSS software version 23 was used to analyze data. Mean and SD was reported for numeric variables, whereas frequency and percentage were reported for categorical variables. A Chi-square test was used to assess the association between variables.

Results: The mean age was estimated as 37.53±12.31 years. Most of the patients were male (74.5%), and 25.5% were females. About 27 patients had a fracture on the right side (57.4%) and 20 on the left side (42.6%). Out 47 cases, 3 were lost to follow, 33 patients showed excellent outcomes, 6 cases had a good outcome, 3 cases had fair outcomes, and 2 cases had poor functional outcomes. During the follow-up, 42 cases showed union, 3 lost to follow-up, 1 died, and 1 patient had implant break. About 2 patients had infections in post- operative duration because of fracture.

Conclusion: Subtrochanteric femur fractures are challenging to operate, especially in our society where extensive trauma becomes more frequent. Dynamic condylar screws showed overall acceptable results. It is simple, locally made, readily available, and cheap, with almost the same result as other implants around proximal femur fractures.
Experience of Women after Immediate Postpartum Insertion of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUCD), a Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: Ali Fauzia , Tazeen Fatima Munim  , Shabnum Nadeem  , Khatoon Aisha , Masood Zubaida
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the experience (during and post procedure) of women after immediate postpartum and post placental Insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), a long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC).

Methods: This prospective and longitudinal study was conducted during February 2019 to September 2019 in Gynae and Obstetrics department Unit 1 at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital. All 141 booked and non-booked patients who delivered in the hospital and received immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD),either post placental, intra cesarean or within 48 hours after delivery were included in the study regardless of the mode of delivery either intra-cesarean or spontaneous vaginal delivery. Written consent was taken for the contraceptive device insertion and verbal consent was taken to fill the proforma which included basic demographic information, their overall experience with postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device. Immediate experience was measured by assessing the pain during procedure and post insertion period. Further all participants were followed at six weeks and 6 months to collect information about any complains removal of IUCD and overall experience.

Results: The mean age was 27.3 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 4.42. Among all the participants, 77(54.6%) had Cesarean section and 64(45.4%) had vaginal delivery. During procedure only 5(3.5%) had complain of mild pain and no immediate post procedural complains was recorded.  86(73.5%) participants at 6 weeks and 78(69.03%) participants at 6 months had no complained. Overall experience was found satisfactory in 86(73.5%) participants.

Conclusion: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) provided satisfactory experience to majority of the women. So we recommend its use for better maternal and child health.
Quality of Life among Youths having Repaired Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in Karachi
Authors: Azeem Syeda Arzoo , Haider Syed Mahmood , Abbasi Zubair Ahmed , Abbas Zafar , Iqbal Hoor u lain
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective: To compare general quality of life of youths having repaired non-syndromic CLP with controls using a generic quality of life instrument, Youth Quality of Life – Research Version (YQOL-R).

Methods: case control study was conducted from January, 2017 to December, 2018. Inclusion criteria was patients having repaired non syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate, age 15 to 29 years, of either gender while controls were healthy individuals of similar age. Quality of life was measured using validated YQOL-R instrument. Data of 62 cases and 107 healthy controls, consented for study was analysed using statistical software, SPSS version 20.

Results:. Mean age was 22.09+5.04. Cronbach’s alpha for domains of sense of self was 0.630, relationship domain (0.795), environmental domain (0.826) and general quality of life domain was 0.688 and for YQOL-R was 0.866. Significant difference was observed for self care domain (63.10 vs. 73.50; p-value = 0.001), relationship domain (79.5 vs. 83.73; p-value = 0.013), environmental domain (70.89 vs. 84.60; p-value = 0.001), general quality of life domain (79.80 vs. 86.04; p-value = 0.012) and percent score of total perceptual score between cases and controls (73.32 vs. 81.97; p-value = 0.001).  

Conclusion: Compared to cases healthy controls had a better quality of life as they have significantly better results in self care, relationship, environment and general quality of life domains along with mean perceptual percentage.
Cross-Infection Control Practices among Dental Undergraduates and Graduates in Prosthodontics- A Survey in Dental Colleges of Karachi
Authors: Lone Muneeb Ahmed , Kumar Bharat , Kanwal Samina , Ilyas Farnaz , Sultan Nadia , Zille-Huma  , Lone Maham Muneeb
Published: February 2023

Objective: To assess the cross infection control practices among undergraduates and graduates working in the department of Prosthodontics in various public and private dental colleges of Karachi.

 Methods: After approval from IRB, the self-administered questionnaire was sent via emails or social media platforms to undergraduate final year students and graduates currently working in Prosthodontics department of dental colleges of Karachi. Along with demographics, the questionnaire included close ended multiple-choice questions related to participants’ practice regarding cross infection control. A reminder was sent after 2 weeks to help improve response rate. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.

 Results: Out of total 617 respondents, there were 410(66.5%) final year dental students and 207(33.5%) house officers. Majority of participants 502(82.3%) had attended lecture regarding cross-infection control measures during their academic years, while only 178(28.8%) had attended hands-on workshops on the same. Majority 530(85.9%) recommended autoclave for sterilization for instruments. Almost all participants 603 (97.7%) wear gloves and perform hand hygiene 527(85.4%). More than two-thirds 416 (67.4%) respondents disinfect impressions, trial wax dentures, bite registrations and metal trials before sending to the dental laboratory. Almost 50% of the participants did not disinfect plastic impression trays, shade guide, rubber bowl, wax knife, carver and spatula in between patients.

 Conclusion: Results of this study highlight the need of re-emphasizing cross-infection control measures and practices in the Prosthodontics OPD. Strict administrative protocols should be set to implement cross-infection control practices. Lectures and hands-on workshops regarding cross-infection control, disinfection and sterilization should be a mandatory part of curriculum and be reiterated in continuing dental education seminars.
Pengaruh Rasio Likuiditas dan Rasio Solvabilitas terhadap Kinerja Bank BUMN yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019-2021
Authors: Suwarsa Toto , Elfrida Br Haloho Nur
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio likuiditas dan rasio solvabilitas terhadap kinerja bank BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019-2021. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif yang bersifat asosiatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Teknik analisis data yaitu uji normalitas, uji korelasi berganda, uji regresi linier berganda, uji koefisien determinasi, uji t, dan uji F. Hasil uji t untuk Rasio Likuiditas (quick ratio) nilai signifikansi 0,150 > 0,05 tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikansi antara Rasio Likuiditas (quick ratio) terhadap Kinerja Bank (ROA). Nilai Hasil uji Rasio Solvabilitas (primary ratio) nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 terdapat pengaruh yang signifikansi antara Rasio Solvabilitas (primary ratio) terhadap Kinerja Bank (ROA). Hasil uji F menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 ≤ 0,05 memiliki pengaruh signifikan antara Rasio Likuiditas (quick ratio) dan Rasio Solvabilitas (primary ratio) secara bersama-sama (simultan) berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Bank (ROA).
Analisis Perhitungan Biaya Satuan (Unit Cost) Pada Pelayanan Pasien Rawat Jalan Diagnosa Jantung dengan Metode Activity Based Costing (ABC) Berbasis Clinical Pathway di RSUD dr. Slamet Garut Tahun 2021 (Studi Kasus di Project KJA DR. Indra Firmansyah)
Authors: Tanjung Riani , Akbar Santana Junior
Published: February 2023

RSUD dr. Slamet Garut merupakan rumah sakit milik pemerintah yang ditetapkan sebagai rumah sakit kelas B Non Pendidikan yang terletak di Jl. Rsu DR. Slamet, Kelurahan. Sukakarya, Kec. Tarogong Kidul, Kabupaten Garut, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia 44151 dengan nomor telp (0262) 232720. RSUD Dr. Slamet adalah rumah sakit negeri kelas B, mampu memberikan pelayanan kedokteran spesialis dan subspesialis terbatas. Disini kita akan berfokus pada penelitian perhitungan biaya satuan (unit cost) pada pelayanan pasien rawat jalan diagnose jantung dengan metode ABC berbasis Clinical Pathway di RSUD dr. Slamet Garut Tahun 2021. Dari laporan TA yang telah dibuat penulis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa analisis perhitungan biaya satuan (unit cost) pada pelayanan pasien rawat jalan diagnose jantung dengan metode activity based costing untuk RSUD dr. Slamet Garut tahun 2021 telah sesuai dengan kebijakan dan peraturan bupati kabupaten garut tentang penetapan standar unit cost yang dilampirkan dengan format penerapan clinical pathway.
PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS PENERIMAAN RETRIBUSI PENGUJIAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) PADA DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KABUPATEN BOGOR PERIODE 2019-2021
Authors: Maryana Diana , Yuliana Nurmala Dinda Yuliana Nurmala
Published: February 2023

Pendapatan Asli Daerah adalah penerimaan murni daerah yang bersumber dari pajak daerah, retribusi daerah, hasil pengelolaan kekayaan daerah yang dipisahkan, serta lain-lain pendapatan asli daerah yang sah, yang berperan sebagai indikator telah dilaksanakannya otonomi daerah dan dipungut berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Retribusi pengujian kendaraan bermotor merupakan salah satu jenis retribusi daerah dan merupakan bagian dari retribusi jasa umum. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh efektivitas penerimaan retribusi pengujian kendaraan bermotor terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bogor Periode 2019- 2021. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuantitatif dengan sumber data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu pengumpulan dokumen dan studi kepustakaan. Sementara itu, alat analisis yang digunakan adalah korelasi product moment, analisis regresi linear sederhana, koefisien determinasi, dan hipotesis uji t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial efektivitas penerimaan retribusi pengujian kendaraan bermotor berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bogor.
Analisis Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan Rasio Profitabilitas Untuk Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Farmasi yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2019-2021
Authors: Ramadhan Noor Surya , Nur Aeni Rahma
Published: February 2023

Suatu perusahaan dapat dikatakan baik jika perusahaan mampu memenuhi kewajiban finansialnya sekaligus mampu memperoleh keuntungan yang optimal, untuk itu suatu perusahaan harus mengetahui tingkat profitabilitasnya. Pertumbuhan keuntungan perusahaan merupakan indikator penting dalam menunjukkan efisiensi perusahaan dan untuk menilai prospek dimasa mendatang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan perusahaan berdasarkan rasio profitabilitas pada tiga perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor farmasi (PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk, PT. Kimia Farma Tbk, dan PT. Industri Jamu dan Farmasi Sido Muncul Tbk) periode 2019 sampai 2021. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berupa laporan keuangn triwulan terdiri dari laporan posisi keuangan dan laporan laba rugi yang berasal dari situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia (www.idx.co.id). Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Return on Asset, Return on Equity, Gross Profit Margin, dan Net Profit Margin. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan masing-masing perusahaan masih kurang baik, karena hasil analisis yang didapat oleh tiap perusahaan masih berada dibawah rata-rata standar industri, tetepi untuk kinerja PT. Industri Jamu dan Farmasi Sido Muncul Tbk adalah yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk dan Kimia Farma Tbk.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ SỎI NIỆU QUẢN BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP TÁN SỎI NỘI SOI NGƯỢC DÒNG SỬ DỤNG NĂNG LƯỢNG LASER HOLMIUM: YAG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ NĂM 2021-2022
Authors: Đồng Minh Lý , Đàm Văn Cương
Published: February 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Sỏi niệu quản là một bệnh lý thường gặp tại vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long; các phương pháp điều trị như mổ mở lấy sỏi, phẫu thuật nội soi sau phúc mạc là những phương pháp xâm lấn, ảnh hưởng nhiều đến chất lượng cuộc sống người bệnh. Hiện nay, phương pháp tán sỏi nội soi ngược dòng bằng năng lượng Laser Holmium: YAG đang được ưa chuộng với nhiều ưu điểm. Đây được coi là phương pháp an toàn hiệu quả nhất để điều trị sỏi niệu quản. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị sỏi niệu quản bằng Laser Holmium: YAG tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ năm 2021-2022. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Đây là một nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả cắt ngang gồm 53 lượt bệnh nhân bị sỏi niệu quản được đưa vào nghiên cứu. Địa điểm nghiên cứu tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ, thời gian từ 3/2021 đến 3/2022. Kết quả: Có 53 bệnh nhân, trong đó có 27 nam (50,94%), 26 nữ (49,06%); tuổi trung bình là 43,6±12,1 tuổi. Số lượng sỏi nhiều nhất được tán là 2 viên. Sỏi phân bố 1/3 trên 39,6%; 1/3 giữa 17%; 1/3 dưới 43,4%. Kết quả thành công 94,3% (50 trường hợp), 5,7% (3 trường hợp) thất bại do sỏi chạy lên thận, sót sỏi to, chuyển phương pháp tán sỏi ngoài cơ thể. Không có biến chứng gần cần can thiệp lại. Kết luận: Phương pháp nội soi tán sỏi niệu quản ngược dòng bằng năng lượng laser holmium: YAG là phương pháp có hiệu quả và an toàn. Kết quả nghiên cứu của chúng tôi cho thấy đây là phương pháp ít sang chấn và nên được lựa chọn để điều trị sỏi niệu quản ở tất cả các vị trí.
INTERCULTURAL EXPRESSIONS IN THE YORÙBÁ NATIVE AIR TRADITION OF REV. CANON J. J. RANSOME-KÚTÌ
Authors: Owoaje Tolulope Olusola
Published: February 2023

The evolution of indigenous Yorùbá Church music can be traced to the activism of some pioneer Church men who were passionate about generating appropriate idioms and medium for musical expression. Rev. Canon Josiah Jesse Ransome-Kútì can be regarded as a progenitor of the Yorùbá native air tradition in Christian liturgy. This paper employed the theory of interculturalism in identifying the elements of intercultural expressions in his musical output that formed the appendix of the Yorùbá Hymn book Iwe Orin Mimo fun Ijo Enia Olorun ni ile Yorùbá. His upbringing showcases simultaneous exposure to the worlds of Yorùbá traditional and European Church music. Intercultural expressions identified in the song collection of CanonKútì includes documentation, set keys, instrumentation and rhythm, harmonic progression, structural form, as well as open air music performance.
EFFECTS OF APPROPRIATING LUHYIA MUSICAL STYLES TO THE AUTHENTICITY OF ANGLICAN HYMNS OF BUTERE DIOCESE, WESTERN KENYA
Authors: Omulupi Edward A. , Masasabi Nancy A.
Published: February 2023

The Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK) liturgical hymns have been greatly influenced by African indigenous music traditions. Singing of the hymns with appropriated Luhyia musical styles has had a profound effect on its authenticity in terms of performance style, harmony, rhythm, texture, form and structure, yet no study has been done to assess the extent to which these musical elements are altered. By examining the liturgical singing of ACK hymns in Butere Diocese, this study sought to determine the effect of appropriating Luhyia musical styles on both structure and performance. The article is underpinned on Nzewi musical theory of change and continuity which states that, for change to occur and be determined, there has to be an established cultural frame of reference. The study entailed collection of qualitative data done through use of interview schedules, observation check-lists, field notebook and tape recorders. The collected data was then organized in topics of discussions, analyzed descriptively and presented thematically and by use of staff notation. The findings of the study revealed structural changes that causes divided congregational perception on the performance of appropriated ACK hymns with some congregants opposing the resultant dance movements invoked by instrumentation as lost Anglicanism, while others approving of this new style of hymnody. Therefore, in order to strike a balance between Anglicanism and forces of appropriation, the study recommends the ACK choir directors to regulate instrumentation in liturgical hymnody. It is the authors’ hope that findings of this study will encourage choir directors to compose ACK hymns within their diverse Kenyan indigenous idioms in order to localize their worship singing experiences more.
APPLICATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN MUSIC AS A SUBJECT IN ONDO SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ogunrinade D.O.A , Owolabi I.O , Shosanya B.O
Published: February 2023

This study examines the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in music as a subject in Ondo state secondary schools. This is essential because, ICT is a new trend and globally accepted as an effective means of imparting knowledge. Descriptive research design was employed and questionnaire in addition to library research were applied in data collection. The hypothesis generated was analyzed using chi-square statistical tool at 5% level of significance and the research questions were presented in frequency tables and percentages. The respondents under the study were One Hundred and fifty (150) students and thirty (30) teachers of selected secondary schools in Ondo, Ondo state, Nigeria. Findings revealed that high cost of computer hardware and software; weak infrastructure; lack of human skills and knowledge in ICT as well as lack of relevant software are the major barriers affecting the adoption of ICT in music as a subject in Nigerian secondary schools. Additionally, both teachers and students perceived ICT extremely helpful and effective in the process of teaching and learning. Based on the findings from the study, it was recommended that secondary schools in Nigeria should be given adequate funds for the essential paraphernalia required for its usage. Conversely, for appropriate use of ICTs, essential policies should be made to scaffold ICT-related methods that will encourage and motivate the interest of both the teachers and students.
RETHINKING THE DYNAMICS OF YORÙBÁ DÙNDÚN MUSIC RESOURCE MATERIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF CLAUDIUS OLAYEMI OLANIYAN’S SCHOLARSHIP
Authors: Samuel Kayode M.
Published: February 2023

Beyond the rhetoric and an intentional tribute to a retired teacher (professor), senior colleague and mentor, Claudius Olayemi Olaniyan, this essay re-examines how Yorùbá dùndún drummers across different generations utilize music resource materials for composition and performance. The article is premised on Cultural Dynamism and relies on data generated from Yorùbá dùndún practitioners using the ethnographic techniques. Drawing on Olaniyan’s scholarly contributions, the ingenuity of dùndún practitioners in adopting oríkì (praise chant/music), òwe (proverbs), ìtàn ìbílẹ/orin àbáláyé (folk history/folk song), àfojúinúwò (imagination) and ìşẹlẹ ojú eré (contextual occurrence) to craft their musical art and their contextual appropriateness was analyzed. Findings showed that there is a decline in performance dexterity, less opportunities for knowledge and skill acquisition on resource materials, as well as lower required discipline level and diligence for distinctiveness in modern dùndún performance. The argument is that a gradual shift from the normative Yorùbá music aesthetic assessment and the challenge of absolute meanings on and at different levels has implications for the promotion of dùndún music making now and in the future.
The Musical Art Creativity and Contributions of Isaac Idamoyibo to Okpe Discourse
Authors: Bolaji David
Published: February 2023

The rise in the pursuit of knowledge and acquisition of training in Western art music has produced many competent Nigerian art musicians. The result of this training is seen in the steady efforts made by Nigerian art musicians, whose scholarly works are channelled into the global preservation and propagation of Nigerian indigenous music. Investigating indigenous theory and practices of diverse music and philosophy encompasses different genres in Nigeria’s milieu. The significant contributions of the Late Isaac Idamoyibo, like some other notable ethnomusicology composers, in discussing Okpe’s intangible musical heritage via his indigenous hymn compositions cannot be excluded from this scholarly achievement. This study examined some selected indigenous hymns, namely, “Sun Me,” “Odibo Omerhen“, Edon Aghogho”, and “Omo Imeri”, composed in Okpe socio-value imperceptible heritage by Isaac Idamoyibo. Findings revealed that the artistry continuum of Idamoyibo in composition has added to the scripted educational materials in Nigeria’s educational setting. The highlight of his remarkable scholarly studies on different aspects of the Okpe culture and its musical system remains one of the historical annals of the 21st century.
TOOLS FOR ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF VOCAL MUSIC AMONG SELECTED UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA
Authors: Ogari Everline Kwamboka , Digolo Beatrice A. , Wambugu Duncan M.
Published: February 2023

Vocal music performance occupies a dominant position in Kenya’s musical landscape yet academic study has raised numerous debates concerning its assessment and evaluation. It has been realized that performance in the arts presents an intricate problem and an absence of certain theoretical frameworks that stimulate vocal music discourses. Indeed in all levels of vocal music performance there is a need for instructors to provide a thorough documentation of student performance. Guided by Constructive Alignment Model (Biggs, 2003), this paper sought to analyse the tools and techniques used in assessing students’ feedback in vocal music performance by selected universities in Kenya. Twelve (12) universities that offer music were purposively sampled out of which random sampling technique was used to select six (6) universities. Students of music were selected using stratified sampling to acquire gender representation before simple random sampling technique was used to acquire the actual sample size n=30% of the population. This paper attempts to enlighten and improve the understanding of the tools used in assessment and evaluation of vocal music in Kenyan universities. Data was collected using opinionnaires for individual student responses, questionnaires for voice instructors and heads of the departments, focus group discussion for students, observation schedule by the authors and content analysis then presented in bar charts and frequency tables. Content analysed data was presented thematically. The study findings established that evaluation tools such as goal setting forms, templates for practice guidelines, lesson journals were inadequate. Therefore, the authors conclude that tools for assessment and evaluation of vocal music are of great significance to the growth of students’ vocals.
COMPOSITION FRAMEWORK FOR CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS WHO USE TRADITIONAL TUNES
Authors: Musungu Gabriel
Published: February 2023

Music composition in Kenya has been undertaken alongside Western classical traditions comprising compositional techniques, styles, forms, and harmonies. This phenomenon also manifests itself in traditional music arrangements by various artists. Most of the composers are products of Western classical music tradition because this music education curriculum is the one in use in Kenyan institutions of higher learning.Traditional music in Kenya does not have an agreed method of representing musical notes on paper apart from the Western oriented methods of transcription. In this view, it is important for contemporary composers to discover elements of traditional music that would characterise the music of a community before writing it. The approach will assist in maintaining the musical whole of a society including functional roles thus assisting the audience to participate and identify themselves with the created music. This paper is based on research work that was carried out on art music created from traditional music of the Samia community of Busia County in Kenya. The paper discusses traditional music creations for societal use and suggests ways in which contemporary artists composing in traditional styles may work in the music idiom of a community. There is non-consideration of musical components that are important in the Samia traditional culture by contemporary artists; which include syllabic intonation, scales and speech rhythm. If not taken care of, the end result is a distorted melodic flow, with misplaced accents in the syllables of words of the Samia songs. A format that contemporary composers could use while working in traditional music style is proposed.
LEARNERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS PRACTICAL MUSICIANSHIP IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN BUNGOMA COUNTY
Authors: Shitubi Isaac W. , Wanyama Mellitus N. , Barasa Peter L.
Published: February 2023

Researchers across the globe have found huge support for music as a necessary component of an adolescent’s life. Since music seems to be such an important part of young people’s identity and it influences many aspects of their behaviour, the topic of formal music education remains critical and open to exploration and discussion. The discrepancy between ‘music at school’ and ‘music out of school’ is therefore often huge for students. The aim of this paper is to investigate the attitudes of learners in secondary schools towards practical musicianship. Adopting the use of descriptive survey design, the study targeted 19 teachers and 177 students of music from 15 purposively sampled secondary schools. Data was collected using personal interviews,observation schedule, document analysis and a questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed descriptively based on emerging themes and quotas. The study established that majority of the students of music had a positive attitude towards practical musicianship. As a result, teachers are only required to encourage and motivate them towards attaining their desired career goals in musicianship. However, some students had also developed negative attitude about school music because of lack of instrumental and vocal provisions. The study recommends inclusion of music technology and popular music within the music curriculum to stimulate wider interest in the subject. More so, provision of opportunities for students to talk about their musical interests, likes and dislikes on a regular basis in order to better facilitate meaningful musical instruction should be encouraged.