bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern childhood and socioeconomic challenges
Authors: Medvedeva Elena , Kroshilin Sergey
Published: September 2021

Modern childhood depends on various processes that are formed under the influence of emerging trends around the world: political, social, economic, cultural, demographic, information. Today, global challenges and trends affect many factors that affect childhood. The economic, social, and political development of the country is largely determined by the «quality» (health, education, social adaptation, upbringing) of the younger generation. A lot depends on the system of social values and guidelines, morality and spirituality, and the cultural level.
The very concept of «childhood» is analyzed in many foreign and domestic works, studied in various studies, state support programs. However, this problem requires a comprehensive solution. Under the influence of modern conditions: information saturation and accessibility, googling of consciousness, changes in family relations, social and economic problems, health, and a pandemic – it becomes impossible to replicate, as before, the parental experience «in its pure form».
This article presents the results of research conducted according to the author's methods: the study of issues of marriage and family relations, health and a healthy lifestyle, the attitude of children and youth to information and communication technologies. All these studies studied the attitude of children and young people to modern problems of society. The methods and tools used have been tested, and the results of the author's research are presented not only at various conferences but also in the Government of the Moscow Region at a meeting of the Coordinating Council for Improving the Demographic Situation in the Ministry of Defense under the Ministry of Social Development. These results help to understand exactly what socio-economic problems exist now and may arise in the future in this field. This is extremely important, since it is in childhood that the foundations of the future personality are laid, the upbringing and formation of a person – the future individual of society-takes place. Complex research of childhood, evaluation of its quality and potential helps to make competent and effective state decisions
Social narcissism – how society pushes us to overestimate our capacities, leaving many behind
Authors: Herrmann Peter , Yudina Maria
Published: September 2021

The following introduces the concept of overlife, not claiming that it is an entirely new idea, however suggesting that it is a suitable term to bring different problems of contemporary societal development together. Broadly speaking, overload is defined as simultaneously condensing patterns of life and the actual living, i.e. intensifying living by establishing patterns of multitasking; however, doing so occurs for the price of a shallowed concept of life by a differentiated system of standardization. Simplification of cognition and education, not least in the context of digitization, are important factors: The apparently increasing control, everybody experiences, goes hand-in-hand with increasing difficulties of understanding – and enjoying – the complexity with which we are confronted. Still, although this seems to be a secular process concerning humanity and humans in general, control and power remains in the hands of a few who, as individuals and corporations, design life and society. Paradoxically, the theoretically gained possibility to answer complex questions and develop long-term perspectives, turns, at least under capitalist conditions, into narcissistic idiosyncrasies, and wasting huge amounts of monies for the thrill of egos instead of strategically developing socio-economic strategies addressing major challenges as poverty, environmental threats, digitisation and new forms of stupidification
Service model of science, or to the question of changing the status of science in society
Authors: Khmelevskaya Svetlana
Published: September 2021

Transformation of society to the post-industrial stage of development and the formation of a consumer society has significantly changed the status of science, which is reflected in the culture of postmodernism. The pre-existing status of science in the modern culture was based on its role as a basic epistemological subject producing true knowledge. The new status of science follows from the role of science in the service sector and the understanding of science as one of the subjects of this sphere, which was enshrined in the concept of «service science». The emegence of service science is due to a number of reasons: the increasing high cost of scientific research and the limited sources of state funding, the transfer of a number of scientific organizations to self-financing, etc. The phenomenon of service science has become a reality. Modern philosophy of science and, in particular, social epistemology, which focuses on both the advantages of service science and its negative features, is engaged in its comprehension. On the one hand, service science accelerates the development of scientific knowledge, redistributes functions between scientific organizations in order to speed up calculations, reduce costs, etc. On the other hand, the transformation to service science has led to a decline in the authority of science as an independent social institution, a decrease in its importance as a public domain, and the relationship «customer/consumer of services-service provider» is now dominant in the field of scientific activity, which makes science dependent on the customer (in particular, in the choice of research topics, etc.). This is dangerous in the sense that research and development begins to focus on the immediate demand, which, in the end, hides the desire of the customer to get a big profit here and now. At the same time, service science is, although predominant, but still only a part of modern science. However, the further development of science implies an increasing immersion in the service sector, which is already evident in the development of technoscience.
Measurement of rail vehicles exhaust emissions
Authors: Kamińska Michalina , Kołodziejek Daniel , Szymlet Natalia , Fuć Paweł , Grzeszczyk Rafał
Published: September 2021

The exhaust emission standards in force in various parts of the world for off-road vehicles are becoming more and more stringent. Therefore, research on the compounds of harmful exhaust fumes emitted by vehicles of this category is constantly being researched and activities aimed at limiting them are constantly being carried out. The basic problem in terms of measuring exhaust emissions is the approval tests of traction vehicles, which are carried out on engine dynamome-ters. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain reliable results concerning their actual impact on the natural environment. It is therefore advisable to carry out the tests in real operation conditions, as is the case for road vehicles for which RDE (Real Driving Emissions) tests are carried out. The latest Stage V emission standards push for the introduction of this type of test, but no limit values for toxic exhaust gases have been established and no test guidelines have been defined for as-sessing actual emissions. This article describes the issues related to the legislative guidelines for non-road vehicles in force in Europe, as well as the measurement tools used, such as mobile equipment for measuring emissions of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) and newly developed emission gates.
Encontros e desencontros
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Aguilar Nelson
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
A seca no Ceará nas pinturas de José dos Reis Carvalho: pintor da comissão científica de exploração (1859-1861)
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Alves Cláudio José
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
O Egito mítico de Athanasius Kircher o: obeliscus pamphilius e a fonte dos quatro rios na praça Navona
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Azevedo Evelyne
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
História da Arte para crianças: um comentário bibliográfico
Authors:   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brandão Angela
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Klimt e a alteridade do feminino
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Cabo Manan Terra
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Banco de dados do acervo MAC-USP: salvaguarda, gerenciamento e apoio à pesquisa
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Cabral Maria Cristina
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
“Arqueologia e patrimônio no século XXI”: as perspectivas abertas pela arqueologia pública
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Carvalho Aline Vieira de , Funari Pedro Paulo Abreu ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Paulo Fogaça: aspectos de uma poética
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Carvalho Rosane Andrade de
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
A multiforme obra artística e intelectual de Theodoro Braga
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Coelho Edilson da Silveira
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Chassériau: entre tensões, sua arte singular
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Costa Junior Martinho Alves da
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Grafite e pixação: institucionalização e transgressão na cena contemporânea
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Costa Luizan Pinheiro da
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Beaumont Newhall e o Museum of Modern Art de Nova York
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Dobranszky Diana de Abreu
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
A História na Arte um: exame crítico da sobrevivência do gênero histórico na arte moderna e contemporânea brasileira
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Dória Renato Palumbo , Silva Maria Madalena Gomes da ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Do tirar polo natural: considerações sobre a teoria do retrato em Francisco de Holanda
Authors:   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Fonseca Raphael do Sacramento
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Apontamentos sobre o problema da recepção estética nos museus de arte a partir de Theodor Adorno
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Freitas Nivaldo Alexandre de
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
A determinação tridimensional da forma nas vilas de A. Palladio
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Lancha Joubert J.
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Dom Quixote, Doré e Dalí: as relações entre literatura e pintura
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Linardi Ana Beatriz de Araujo
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Mabuse e Michele Tosini: diferentes estéticas religiosas
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Marinho Fernanda
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Artistas viajantes nas fronteiras da História da Arte
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Mattos Claudia Valladão de
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
A modernidade em construção políticas públicas para música e produção musical em Curitiba: 1971 a 1983
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Moraes Ulisses Quadros de
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
As possibilidades da história da arte num acervo privado: a experiência da coleção Brasiliana/Fundação Estudar
Authors:   Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo, Piccoli Valéria
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no III Encontro de História da Arte.
Sikap Toleransi Masyarakat Lokal terhadap Masyarakat Transmigrasi Dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Integrasi Nasional
Authors: Kiptiah Mariatul , Ruchliyadi Dian Agus , Nurmawadah Nurmawadah
Published: September 2021

Karangan putih village is a village where the village where the villagers have different ethnics. Most of the villagers who live there are transmigrans, although they live in the different culture environment, their implementation about tolerance between each villager are high.This research’s objective is to find aut how the local’s and the transmigrans’ way to interact each other, how the local’s behavior to the transmigrans to create the nasional intergration. This research designed and implemented with the qualitative method. The data collection uses the observation technique and interview. The result of this research data will be analyzed by the data reduction, data display and drawing conclusion. The result of this research shows how the locals interact with the transmigrans at karangan putih village is by mutual assistance form, and to create the mutual respect to the cultural differences, they make a discussion and also to create the national integration, the karangan putih village makes a culture to create the peaceful, safe and sound villagers. Besed on the result of this research, it can be suggested that to build the villagers’ tolerance behavior at karangan putih village to fulfill the best things between the villagers.
Peran Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LPM) dalam Pembangunan Desa (Studi Kasus di Desa Sabalana Kecamatan Liukang Tangaya Kabupaten Pangkep)
Authors: Aziz Fatimah , Irmawati Irmawati
Published: September 2021

The Role of Community Empowerment Institutions in Village Development in Sabalana Village, Liukang Tangaya District, Pangkep Regency. Educational Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. This study aims to determine the role of Community Empowerment Institutions in Village Development, the supporting and inhibiting factors of Community Empowerment Institutions in Village Development. This study used descriptive qualitative research. In this study, the informants were selected directly by the researcher who was called the research target. Based on the characteristics, the informants who had been appointed were the Village Head, Head of the Community Empowerment Institute and the Villagers. This study used observation and interviewing as a tool to collect the data. Based on the results of research in the field, the researcher could see that the role of the Community Empowerment Institution in Village Development in Sabalana Village where the chairman and members of the Community Empowerment Institute have carried out their duties and functions in carrying out every development carried out in Sabalana Village but has not been very effective yet. Factors that support Community Empowerment Institutions in Village Development are the resources owned by the Village officers and always holding coordination meetings. The inhibiting factors of the Community Empowerment Institution in Village Development are sea transportation and the lack of participation of the Villagers in assisting the village officers and the head of the Community Empowerment Institute in carrying out any existing development. The success of the Community Empowerment Institution in increasing development in Sabalana Village, therefore, there is a need for cooperation between the village officers, head of the Community Empowerment Institution (LPM) and the villagers.
Faktor Kesulitan Belajar Geografi Siswa Sma Negeri di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Karlina Lista , Arisanty Deasy , Adyatma Sidharta
Published: September 2021

This research is motivated by the difference in the average score of the National Examination on geography subjects at State Senior High Schools in Banjarmasin City in 2018/2019 with successively experiencing the lowest scores with less criteria, namely in SMA Negeri 11 Banjarmasin, SMA Negeri 12 Banjarmasin and SMA Negeri 10 Banjarmasin. This study aims to analyze the internal factors that influence the geography learning difficulties of State Senior High School students in Banjarmasin City, analyze the external factors that influence the geography learning difficulties of State Senior High School students in Banjarmasin City and analyze the dominant factors in influencing the geography learning difficulties of State Senior High School students in Banjarmasin City. This research used a descriptive-quantitative method. The data analysis technique used percentages. The results showed that the percentage of internal factors consisting of health factors (32%), interests (22%), motivation (21%) and study habits (67%), external factors consisting of family factors (40%), school ( 10%) and society (61%) and the most dominant factor influencing the difficulty of learning geography for State Senior High School students in Banjarmasin City is the internal factor, namely study habits (67%).
GOVERNING PRINCIPLES OF PHYLOSOPHY OF CONTROLLING
Authors: Mishchenko Vladimir , Mekhovych Sergii
Published: September 2021

The article is assigned to the methodological provisions of the philosophy of control. The organization and management principle were developed. Different types of activity and the system of management indicators are considered. The main warehouses of control in the organizational structure are determined. The characteristics of a flexible system of data banks, which contain information from the costing system, from the calculation system, from the profit calculation system, etc. are given. Problems and typical shortcomings of controlling implementation are revealed. Some attention is paid to the analysis of priority issues that need to be addressed. Control service and its service function for management. Management accounting system.
SCIENTIFIC-APPLIED ASPECT OF MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Mekhovych Artem
Published: September 2021

The article considers the main problems affecting the development of international tourism and predicts the further development of the situation. The growing tourist flow has contributed to the intensification of entrepreneurship in all sectors of the economy, capitalization of assets, job creation, economic and social growth. In 2019, the global tourism industry provided about 330 million jobs, equivalent to 10.3% of total employment. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented crisis in the tourism industry. The flow of tourists in the world has decreased by about 65%. In January-September 2020 alone, the number of international revenues decreased by 70%.This has resulted in the loss of $ 730 billion and more than 120 million jobs. It is noted that in modern conditions there are possible directions of development of inbound and domestic tourism, which are an important factor influencing the economy, but the weakening of external restrictions and lack of competitive service in the Ukrainian tourism industry will contribute to further development of international tourism. Those countries in which tourism occupies a significant share in GDP, are interested in attracting tourists as soon as possible and are ready to promptly implement all necessary anti-epidemic measures in the tourist infrastructure. For the Ukrainian government today, such a strategy is not a priority. Based on this, it is proved that the essence of the scientific and applied aspect of managing the development of international tourism is based on the theory of large business cycles and the theory of prediction. It was emphasized that the world crises ended sooner or later and a new round of development began. The task of mastering the forces of socio-economic life and subordinating them to the conscious, planned leadership of the state, as well as constructive and continuous social dialogue between the government and social partners, is the next practical transformation of today. The program of conscious organizational and regulatory steps should be knowledge, anticipation and action plan. When developing an anti-crisis plan to overcome the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account the recommendations of the Global Crisis Committee on Tourism, namely: crisis management and job preservation; support for self-employed workers; providing incentives and implementing appropriate state policy in the field of international tourism. In predicting the future development of the situation, more attention should be paid to the role of the tourism sector in the country's economy and the achievement of sustainable development goals; develop plans for preparedness for the challenges of the future and use this opportunity to move to sustainable development of tourism facilities.
Reconstruction of Massive Segmental Distal Femoral Metaphyseal Bone Defects After Open Injury
Authors: Dheenadhayalan J. , Devendra A. , Velmurugesan P. , Shanmukha Babu T. , Ramesh P. , Zackariya Mohd , Sabapathy S. Raja , Rajasekaran S.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Our aim was to examine the outcome of gamma-irradiated intercalary structural allografts combined with autologous cancellous grafts in treating large metaphyseal bone defects of the distal femur following open injuries.

Methods:

We prospectively included 20 consecutive patients with large metaphyseal bone defects of >4 cm located in the region of the distal femur following open injuries treated between 2010 and 2018, with a mean follow-up of 2 years (range, 2 to 10 years). Of these patients,18 were men and 2 were women. The mean age was 39 years (range, 22 to 72 years). The mean length of the bone defects was 10.1 cm (range, 5.5 to 14.5 cm), and all were in the metaphysis of the distal femur. The surgical technique included initial early debridement and external fixation followed by reconstruction of the bone defect using structural allograft combined with autologous cancellous bone graft harvested from the iliac crest and locking plate fixation. Definitive fixation was performed at an average period of 22.5 days (range, 3 to 84 days) after injury. Osseous union, rate of infection, complications, need for secondary procedures, and functional outcome using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) at the final follow-up were assessed.

Results:

After excluding 1 patient who was lost to follow-up, 19 patients with complete follow-up were available for analysis. Of those, 13 patients (68%) achieved complete union at both ends of the allograft with host bone without any further intervention. Three patients (16%) developed aseptic nonunion of the proximal end of the allograft requiring 1 additional procedure each to achieve union. Four patients (21%) developed a deep surgical site infection. Of those, 1 elderly patient required above-the-knee amputation following uncontrolled diabetes and infection. A second patient required 2 additional procedures, and a third patient needed 4 additional procedures to achieve union. The fourth patient developed infection after achieving union, and the infection subsided after debridement and implant removal. The mean LEFS score for all 19 patients was 55 (range, 41 to 75).

Conclusions:

Use of allograft was a reasonable single-stage alternative solution for massive distal femoral bone defects, which united without additional surgery in two-thirds of the patients and without limb-length discrepancy.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Quiescent Andersson Lesion Simplifies Deformity Correction
Authors: Kulkarni Arvind G. , Praveen Goparaju V.N.R.
Published: September 2021

Case:

We present a case of ankylosing spondylitis with sagittal imbalance and having a suspicious Andersson lesion (AL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at D12-L1. The segment did not reveal any potential mobility on erect radiographs and supine MRI. L2 pedicle subtraction osteotomy was planned. However, intraoperatively after positioning, the AL widely opened up. This made us reassess the treatment strategy; an interbody fusion was performed, and the correction was achieved using a cantilever mechanism without performing an osteotomy.

Conclusion:

A quiescent AL can affect preoperative planning. However, understanding the pathology, reassessing the situation, and reformulating the plans intraoperatively resulted in a successful outcome.
Nonrigid Bookshelf Kinematics of Northeastern Tibet: Constrains from Fault Slip Rates around the Qinghai Lake and Chaka-Gonghe Basins
Authors: Gan Chen , Ming Ai , Wenjun Zheng , Haiyun Bi , Jinrui Liu , Yipeng Zhang , Weipeng Ge , Dongli Zhang , Rong Huang
Published: September 2021

The Elashan fault (ELSF) and Qinghainanshan fault (QHNF), two major faults developed around the Qinghai Lake and Chaka-Gonghe basins, are of great importance for investigating the deformation model of the internal northeastern Tibetan Plateau. However, their late Pleistocene slip rates remain poorly constrained. In this study, we combine high-resolution topography acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and geomorphological dating to calculate the slip rates of the two faults. We visited the central ELSF and western QHNF and measured displaced terraces and stream channels. We collected 10Be samples on the surface of terraces to constrain the abandonment ages. The dextral slip rate of the central segment of the Elashan fault is estimated to be 2.6±1.2 mm/yr. The uplift rates since the late Pleistocene of the Elashan and Qinghainanshan faults are 0.4±0.04 mm/yr and 0.2±0.03 mm/yr, respectively. Comparing the geological rates with the newly published global positioning system (GPS) rates, we find that the slip rates of the major strike-slip faults around the Qinghai Lake and Chaka-Gonghe basins are approximately consistent from the late Pleistocene to the present day. The overall NE shortening rates by summing up the geological slip rates on major faults between the East Kunlun and Haiyuan faults are ~3.4 mm/yr, smaller than the geodetic shortening rates (~4.9 to 6.4 mm/yr), indicating that distributed deformation plays an important role in accommodating the regional deformation. By analyzing the geometrical and kinematic characteristics of the major faults surrounding the basins, we suggest that the kinematic deformation of the internal northeastern Tibet is a nonrigid bookshelf model that consists of counterclockwise rotation (~0.8° Myr-1) and distributed thrusting.
Reduced Dengue Incidence During COVID-19 Restrictions in Sri Lanka From March 2020 to April 2021
Authors: Surendran Sinnathamby Noble , Nagulan Ratnarajah , Sivabalakrishnan Kokila , Arthiyan Sivasingham , Tharshan Annathurai , Jeyadas Thirunavukkarasu , Raveendran Selvarajah , Kumanan T , Ramasamy Ranjan
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDengue is a major public health concern in Sri Lanka. COVID-19 in Sri Lanka was first detected in January 2020, and has continued to be prevalent in the country since that time. The impact of public health measures imposed to restrict COVID-19 transmission on the incidence of dengue throughout the island and particularly its northern Jaffna district in the period March 2020 to April 2021 was determined.MethodsThe incidence of dengue and COVID-19, rainfall and the public health measures implemented to contain COVID-19 transmission for each district in Sri Lanka were obtained from Government sources. The Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model was used to predict the dengue incidence expected in March 2020 to April 2021, based on pre-pandemic data and this was compared with the actual reported incidence of dengue during the period of COVID-19 restrictions. Ovitrap collections of Aedes larvae were also carried out in the Gurunagar ward of Jaffna city in the Jaffna district during the 2020 and 2021 lockdown and the findings compared with data from 2019.ResultsThe reported number of dengue cases for the whole country from March 2020 to April 2021 was significantly lower than the numbers of dengue cases predicted from the five years immediately preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (2015-2019). Decreased numbers of dengue cases were reported compared to predicted numbers of cases in all 25 administrative districts in the country including the Jaffna district. Aedes larval numbers collected from ovitraps in the Gurunagar ward in Jaffna city during the COVID-19 lockdown period were decreased, with significantly lower proportions of Ae. aegypti than Ae. albopictus, compared with 2019. ConclusionPublic health measures that restricted movement of people, closed schools, universities and offices in order to contain COVID-19 transmission unexpectedly led to a marked reduction in the incidence of dengue in Sri Lanka, in contrast to Singapore. The differences between the two tropical islands have significant implications for the epidemiology of dengue.
The Investigation of the Relation Between Expansion Strategy and Outcomes of Two-Stage Expander-Implant Breast Reconstruction
Authors: kim min JI , Lee Woo beom , Lee Il Jae , Hahn Hyung Min , Thai Duy Quang , Kim Ji young
Published: September 2021

Numerous risk factors for the complications of two-stage, immediate implant-based breast reconstruction have been identified, although few studies have directly examined the impact of breast size and expansion protocols on the surgical outcomes of breast reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of breast size, expansion velocity, and volume-related variables on postoperative complications of breast reconstruction. The cohort involved patients who underwent immediate breast expander reconstruction at a single center between 2017 and 2019. The breast size was classified into three categories according to the weight of the mastectomy specimen as small (< 300 g), medium (≥ 300 g, ≤ 500 g), or large (> 500 g). Multifactorial logistic regressions were used to assess the impact of variables, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off value for predicting the complication event. Of the 174 breasts (168 patients), 51 (29.3%), 66 (37.9%), and 57 (32.6%) breasts were classified as small, medium, and large, respectively. The rate of infection (p = 0.014) and expander/implant failure (p = 0.007) significantly differed according to breast size, with the rate being the highest in large breasts. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (odds ratio [OR]: 1.25, p = 0.003), nipple-sparing mastectomy (OR: 2.82, p = 0.036), sentinel biopsy (OR: 5.10, p = 0.016), final expansion volume (OR: 0.99, p = 0.022), and expansion velocity (OR: 0.703, p = 0.024) were significant independent predictors of any complication. In the ROC analysis, breast weight > 696 g could predict the possibility of revision surgery, with a sensitivity of 42.9% and specificity of 81.8%. The final expansion volume and expansion velocity have a significant negative relationship with overall complications in breast reconstruction. A standard expansion protocol needs to be established to ensure the success of two-stage breast reconstruction.
An Investigation of the Effect of Intermetallic Compounds on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Al and Cu Busbar for Battery Pack Applications
Authors: Mypati Omkar , Sahu suryakanta , Pal Surjya K. , Sriran Prakash
Published: September 2021

Aluminium and copper (Al-Cu) busbar is widely used as a core component in Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) batteries. The Al-Cu busbar is challenging to fabricate with the traditional welding processes because of its high thermal conductivity. In the present study, the Al-Cu busbar is fabricated using the friction stir welding method. The effect of temperature and vibration generated during the welding process on the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) is studied by using the effective formation model and found that Al2Cu is the first to form at the interface. The IMC formation at the joint interface had both detrimental (Al-rich IMC) and beneficial (Cu-rich IMC) effects. The presence of detrimental IMCs affects the joint strength of about 36 % as compared to the sample with the highest tensile load. The surface electrical conductivity is measured by using a Gaussian profile method and found in the range of 0.94 – 5.37 μ Ω·mm. The welded samples with the presence of Al2Cu3 and Al4Cu9 IMC at the interface are found to have higher electrical conductivity. Interestingly, the sample with a higher tensile load had observed higher electrical conductivity due to the formation of Cu-rich IMC, i.e., Al4Cu9.
The Biopsychosocial Indicators of Health and Social Needs Related to Poverty and Adversity Among Vulnerable and Homeless Children in Tanzania: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mwashala Winfrida , Grant Julian , Saikia Udoy , Chamberlain Diane
Published: September 2021

Background Childhood poverty and adverse experiences contribute to child vulnerability, hindering healthy childhood growth and development pathways. Currently, the evidence on adversities related to vulnerable and homeless children's health and social needs in Tanzania is limited as a result of the complex social, economic, and political environment. Objectives This review investigates the biopsychosocial indicators of health and social needs related to vulnerable and homeless children facing poverty and a range of adversities in Tanzania. The main objective is to conduct a scoping review of the published literature to identify key evidence and to suggest future research needs.MethodsA data search was undertaken between May and September 2020. Data sources included literature identified through electronic databases, such as CINAHL, Pub Med, Psych Info, and Medline. Further additional studies were located through a manual search of an organisational website and reference list. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were: (i) Published in the English language; (ii) Peer-reviewed and published within the past 10 years; (iii) Subjects included children aged from 0-18 years who were vulnerable due to poverty and a range of adversities; and iv) Studies conducted only in Tanzania. The five-step scoping review process was followed, as developed by Arksey and Malley (2005). Data were analysed using thematic analysis, and conceptualised using the third iteration of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory to identify the indicators relating to vulnerable and homeless children's health and social needs (1, 2). Results Three themes were identified in the literature, including the increasing burden of disease and mortality, poor access to service delivery for vulnerable and homeless children, and a lack of adherence to local and national policies to protect children. The articles collated with similar themes were presented together. These themes were conceptualized using the third iteration of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory.Conclusion There is a need for greater investment in public health measures to detect vulnerable and homeless children's clinical risks, particularly given the COVID-19 pandemic which has exacerbated childhood adversities, with implications for children's overall health in Tanzania. Further research should explore ways to forge links for program implementation between multi-sector stakeholders and primary healthcare systems through early recognition of indicators and reduction of alienation within communities. This will enhance health and social support care for vulnerable and homeless children.
Comparison of HPLC and NMR for Quantification of the Main Volatile Fatty Acids in Rumen Digesta
Authors: Wang Mengyuan , Wang Haiying , Zheng Huiru , Uhrin Dusan , Dewhurst Richard , Roehe Rainer
Published: September 2021

Accurate quantification of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid are essential for research on rumen metabolism. This study comprehensively investigated the pros and cons of High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis methods for rumen VFAs quantification. We also investigated the performance of several commonly used data pre-treatments for the two sets of data using correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The molar proportion and reliability analysis demonstrated that the two approaches produce highly consistent VFA concentrations. In the pre-processing of NMR spectra, line broadening and shim correction may reduce estimated concentrations of metabolites. We identified differences in results using different spectral clusters and the chemical shifts of the spectral clusters as quantitative references for VFAs were provided. Different data pre-treatment strategies tested with both HPLC and NMR significantly affected the results of downstream data analysis. “Normalized by sum” pre-treatment can eliminate a large number of positive correlations between NMR-based VFA. A “Combine” strategy should be the first choice when calculating the correlation between metabolites or between samples. The PCA and PLS-DA suggest that except for “Normalize by sum”, pre-treatments should be used with caution.
Spatial Variation in Demographic Processes and the Potential Role of Hybridization to Future Persistence
Authors: Gade Meaghan R , Zhao Qing , Peterman William E
Published: September 2021

CONTEXTSpatial variation in life history traits plays a crucial role in the structure and dynamics of populations. The demographic responses of local populations to fine-scale habitat heterogeneity have consequences for species at a broader scale and responses vary across spatial scales. Yet, the specific nature of such relationships is unclear across taxa.OBJECTIVESWe evaluated the spatial variation in demographic traits of cryptic terrestrial salamanders across the broad scale environmental gradient of elevation (i.e. temperature) and the fine-scale gradient of stream distance (i.e. moisture).METHODSUsing a 4-years of spatial mark-recapture and count data, we implemented a spatially explicit Integrated Population Model to understand demographic rates across scales. We also investigated how hybridization, which occurs in between lungless salamanders at mid-elevations, may influence demographic rates.RESULTSWe found that high elevation animals grow faster and move more, especially far from streams likely as a result of increased temperatures. Survival was highest but recruitment rates were lowest at low elevations and significantly declined with distance to stream. We also found that hybrid animals at low elevations had higher survival probabilities.CONCLUSIONSOur study reveals nuanced spatial variation in demographic rates that differ in magnitude depending on the scale at which they are assessed. Our results also show animals exhibit demographic compensation across abiotic gradients, underscoring the need for further conservation and management efforts to implement spatially explicit and dynamic strategies to match the demographic variation of species and populations of species separated across space.
A Quantitative Method for the Similarity Assessment of Typhoon Tracks
Authors: Di Yangchen , Lu Mingyue , Chen Min , Chen Zhangjian , Ma Zaiyang , Yu Manzhu
Published: September 2021

Typhoons are one of the most dangerous types of natural hazards; they are always developed in the western and southwestern Pacific Ocean and pose economic and human security threats to the Pacific Rim annually. Therefore, many scholars in related fields devote themselves to finding an effective way to analyze and forecast typhoon tracks to prevent disasters. Similarity analysis of typhoon tracks can provide great help for typhoon prediction. In this paper, a model for typhoon similarity analysis is proposed to effectively measure and quantify the similarity between two historical typhoon tracks based on the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm, in which five typhoon elements – namely, longitude, latitude, central pressure, expanded Beaufort scale, and movement speed – are integrated to derive a final similarity percentage indicating the similarity level. At the end of this paper, case studies concerning historical typhoons and the ongoing Typhoon 202106 In-Fa are also conducted to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model can effectively provide a quantitative similarity of two typhoon tracks when functioning well on ongoing typhoons with a cutoff rule and supplying promising support for typhoon prediction simultaneously.
Psychometric Testing of The Chinese Version of The Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales In Families of Patients With Dementia
Authors: Wang Qingyan , Chen Sanmei , Liu Weiwei , Sheng Yu
Published: September 2021

Background: The Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F-COPES) is a widely used instrument to evaluate family coping behaviours. However, no Chinese version of this scale have been developed and validated in China. This study aimed to develop a Chinese version of the F-COPES and evaluate its psychometric properties in the families of patients with dementia who have heavy stress and care burdens.Methods: A cross-sectional study in the specialist memory and geriatric psychiatric clinics of four hospitals in Beijing, China. The English version of the F-COPES was translated into Chinese according to the standard translation guideline. An expert panel was invited to evaluate the content validity index of the Chinese version of this scale. This study included 215 families of patients with dementia. The item homogeneity analysis was conducted by using corrected item-total correlation, corrected item-subscale correlation, and changes of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of subscales after deleting each item. The factor structure was analysed by using a confirmatory factor analysis. The convergent validity was tested by correlating the F-COPES to the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The internal consistency was assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the whole scale and subscales.Results: The content validity index of the Chinese version of the F-COPES was 0.98, with that of each item ranging from 0.83 to 1.00. The result of item homogeneity analysis was satisfactory except for the items in the subscale of passive appraisal. The confirmatory factor analysis identified six subscales; namely, acquiring relatives’ support, acquiring friends’ support, acquiring neighbours’ or others’ support, reframing, seeking spiritual support, and passive appraisal, with acceptable model fit indices (χ2/df = 1.65, CFI = 0.91, GFI = 0.85, TLI = 0.90, PGFI = 0.69, RMSEA = 0.06). The convergent correlation between the F-COPES and the MSPSS was strong (r = 0.50, P < 0.01). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the whole scale was 0.86.Conclusion: The Chinese version of the F-COPES showed satisfactory psychometric properties. It may serve as a useful scale for assessing the coping behaviours in families of patients with dementia in China.
Salinity-Based Spatial Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Agricultural Use
Authors: Pashahkhah Parisa , Babazadeh Hossein , Shahmohammadi-Kalalagh Shahram , Sarai-Tabrizi Mahdi
Published: September 2021

The Miandoab Plain has the largest water reserve in the province of West Azerbaijan, northwest Iran. Groundwater resources along with surface-water meet the needs of urban, industrial, and agricultural sectors, and therefore, their quality should be examined. Water quality indices are useful tools for aquifer management. In this research, the groundwater quality of the Miandoab Plain for agricultural purposes was investigated. For this purpose, the concentrations of the ions Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, Hco3-, So42-, Cl- and the pH level were measured. The indices effective salinity and potential salinity as well as sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity were analyzed to evaluate the salinity. The geostatistical analysis was performed using the GS+ software, and the zoning maps of salinity hazard were prepared using ArcGIS. To prepare the maps, EC, ES, PS, and SAR as well as Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, Hco3-, So42, and Cl- were selected based on the semi-variogram values ​​and cross-validation technique. The Cl- map was considered as the basis for preparing the groundwater quality maps of the region. The results showed that the groundwater quality in the east of the plain is suitable, in the central part can be recommended under constant supervision, and in the west is unsuitable for agriculture. In other words, according to the geography of the plain, the recharge area is the low-risk part of the plain and the salinity hazard increases toward the discharge area. The results can pave the way for the relevant organizations to plan for the agricultural and environmental sectors.
Metformin Exerts An Antitumor Effect By Inhibiting Bladder Cancer Cell Migration And Growth, And Promoting Apoptosis Through The PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Shen Zhiyong , Xue Dong , Wang Kun , Zhang Facai , Shi Jiaqi , Jia Benzhong , Yang Dan , Zhang Qianjin , Zhang Shuai , Jiang Hongyu , Luo Daiqin , Li Xueying , Zhong Quliang , Zhang Junhao , Peng Zheng , Han Yu , Sima Chongyang , He Xiaozhou , Hao Lin
Published: September 2021

Background To observe and explore the effect of metformin on the migration,and proliferation of bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cells in vitro.Methods Bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cell lines were cultured in vitro, and were divided into group A (blank control group) and group B (metformin group: 5, 10, 15, and 20 mmol/L); both groups were plated on 6-well plates at the same time. Culture in 24-well plates was used for wound healing assays and in 96-well plates for Transwell migration and invasion, and Cell Counting Kit-8 proliferation experiments. We observed and detected the cell migration and proliferation ability of each group at 48 hours, and calculated the cell migration area and survival rate. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis in the groups. The apoptosis-related protein, cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-PARP and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway member proteins PI3K, phosphorylated (p)-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, and p‑mTOR were detected using western blotting.Results After 48 hours of treatment with different concentrations of metformin, the cell migration and proliferation capabilities were significantly lower than those in the blank control group. The proliferation and migration abilities of T24 and 5637 cells decreased in a metformin concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate under different concentrations of metformin, as detected by flow cytometry, showed a significantly higher rate in the metformin group than in the control group (P＜0.05). Compared with that in the control group, the level of cleaved‑caspase 3 and cleaved-parp protein in the metformin group was increased in each treatment group, and the levels of p-mTOR, p-AKT, and p-PI3K decreased significantly compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Metformin inhibit bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cell migration and proliferation, and induced their apoptosis. The mechanism might involve inhibition of the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.