bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Di‐2‐pyridyl Ketone Aryl Hydrazone and Its Copper(II) Complex and the Interaction of Di‐2‐pyridyl Ketone Aryl Hydrazone with DNA Bases
Authors: Çınarlı Murat , Kıray Esin , Ataol Çiğdem Yüksektepe
Published: December 2023

The development of antibiotic resistance has also increased the interest in hydrazones. In this paper, we describe the new aroyl hydrazone and its Cu(II) complex, which we synthesized. Aroyl hydrazone (HL) was prepared by the condensation reaction of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic hydrazide with di‐2‐pyridyl ketone. Ligand (HL) and its transition metal complexes [CuL2] (1), have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, UV‐Vis., 1H‐NMR, and LC–MS techniques. The molecular structure of HL, whose crystal structure could not be obtained, was elucidated by the DFT/B3LYP/6‐311+G(d, p) method. The optimized molecular structure, total energy, molecular orbital energy values, molecular electrostatic potential map, reactivity parameters, and interaction with DNA bases were investigated. Theoretical UV‐vis spectra of HL were obtained with TD‐DFT in different solvent environments. In addition, the ligand and its complex were examined for their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms by using a minimal inhibitory concentration method (MIC). It was determined that the [CuL2] (1) complex was generally moderately active. It was also observed that the [CuL2] (1) complex was more active than the HL.
Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Assessment of Novel 2‐Phenyl Indole Derivatives Incorporating 4‐Thiazolidinone‐5‐carboxylic Acid as Promising Anti‐cancer Agents
Authors: Tongkhan Sukanya , Radchatawedchakoon Widchaya , Kruanetr Senee , Sakee Uthai
Published: December 2023

We conducted a study to create new chemical compounds using indole derivatives, specifically incorporating thiosemicarbazone (8 a–e) and 4‐thiozolidinone‐5‐carboxylic acid (9 a–e) structures. We then tested these compounds against various bacteria and cancer cells. In our antibacterial tests, the compounds showed moderate inhibitory effects on bacterial growth. However, when we examined their effects on cancer cells, we observed specific patterns of activity. Notably, compounds 9 c and 9 d were highly toxic to NCI‐H187 cancer cells, while compounds 8 c, 9 b, 9 c, 9 d, and 9 e exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against KB cancer cells. Compound 8 e displayed strong toxicity against MCF‐7 cancer cells. When we assessed the toxicity of these compounds on normal Vero cells, we found that compounds 8 e, 9 b, 9 c, 9 d, and 9 e were less toxic compared to ellipticine, a known anticancer drug. These results suggest that these newly synthesized compounds may have potential applications in cancer treatment, and further research is necessary to explore their therapeutic possibilities.
From Propylene to 4‐Methyl‐1‐pentene over K‐Cu Supported Catalytically Active Liquid Metal Solutions
Authors: Chen Ping , Ling Yu , Tong Hongkai , Dong Ke , Liu Xu , Chen Xiao , Liang Changhai
Published: December 2023

The urgent need for branched‐chain α‐olefin (4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) with excellent characteristics promotes the development of efficient catalysts for the selective dimerization of propylene to it. Based on the concept of supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS), the highly efficient K−M/K2CO3 (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) catalysts are prepared by the melting method for the dimerization of propylene. The K−Cu SCALMS catalyst presents highly efficient and excellent selective C−C linkage, as well as limits the isomerization of C6 products. The highest conversion of propylene (64.3 %) with 80.6 % selectivity to 4‐methyl‐1‐pentene with thermodynamic instability is reached at 160 °C, 6 MPa and 20 h. Furthermore, the post‐reaction K−Cu SCALMS catalyst can be successfully reactivated in the H2 atmosphere. Therefore, it is proposed that it may be achieved the continuous selective dimerization of propylene to 4‐methyl‐1‐pentene over K−Cu SCALMS catalyst by the application of fluidized bed technology.
Silver Catalyzed Cascade Strategy for the Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Polycyclic Fused 1,7‐Naphthyridine Scaffolds
Authors: Chahal Kapil , Vani Damera , Pranay Kothuri , Madhu Inapanuri , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Reddy Kallu Rajender
Published: December 2023

A one‐pot synthesis of diversely substituted polycyclic fused 1,7‐naphthyridines has been achieved via a silver‐catalyzed domino reaction. In this protocol, ortho‐alkynyl quinolines/pyridines were reacted smoothly with substituted anthranilic acid/ anthranilamide and provided fused 1,7‐naphthyridines scaffolds in excellent yields and good functional group tolerance under mild conditions. This protocol is further applicable for gram scale synthesis. In this methodology, we proposed the mechanism with the help of control experiments.
Lively debates, networking with colleagues and championing the profession
Authors: Judson Anna
Published: December 2023

President Anna Judson reflects on 2023's BVA Congress at London Vet Show.
Use your passion to benefit the profession and animal welfare
Authors: Judson Anna
Published: December 2023

BVA's current President Anna Judson talks about being on the BVA officer team, becoming President and why you might want to think about putting yourself forward for this challenging yet incredibly valued and rewarding role.
Recurrent prostate cancer: combined role for MRI and PSMA-PET in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI
Authors: Jannusch Kai , Bruckmann Nils Martin , Morawitz Janna , Boschheidgen Matthias , Quick Harald H. , Herrmann Ken , Fendler Wolfgang P. , Umutlu Lale , Stuschke Martin , Hadaschik Boris , Antoch Gerald , Schimmöller Lars , Kirchner Julian
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To investigate the specific strengths of MRI and PET components in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI for staging of patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods

Patients with biochemical recurrence of PCa and contrast-enhanced whole-body 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI including a dedicated pelvic multiparametric MRI were included in this retrospective study. Imaging datasets of MRI and PET were evaluated separately regarding local PCa recurrence (Tr), pelvic lymph node metastases (N1), distant lymph node metastases (M1a), bone metastases (M1b), and soft tissue metastases (M1c) according to PROMISE version 1. Data evaluation was performed patient- and region-/lesion-based. Cox regression revealed a PSA of 1.69 ng/mL as a cut-off for subgroup analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were evaluated for each image component. Differences in staging accuracy were assessed using the Wilcoxon and McNemar test.

Results

Altogether 102 patients (mean aged 68 ± 8 years, median PSA 1.33 ng/mL) were included. PCa was found in 70/102 (68%) patients. Accuracy of MRI in the detection of Tr, N1, M + , M1a, and M1b was 100%, 79%, 90%, 97%, and 95% for PSA < 1.69 ng/mL and 100%, 87%, 87%, 91%, and 96% for PSA > 1.69 ng/mL. Accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET was 93%, 97%, 93%, 98%, and 100% for PSA < 1.69 ng/mL and 87%, 91%, 96%, 100%, and 96% for PSA > 1.69 ng/mL.

Conclusions

Combined assessment of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI improves tumor localization in men with biochemical recurrence. The MRI detected local recurrence of PCa more often whereas 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET detected lymph node metastases more often, especially for PSA < 1.69 ng/mL.

Clinical relevance statement

This study gives a scientific baseline to improve the understanding and reading of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI imaging in patients with biochemically recurrent PCa by showing the specific strength of each imaging component.

Key Points

• Combining the individual modality strengths of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI improves tumor localization in men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

• MRI component of 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI shows its strength in detecting local recurrence of prostate cancer, especially at PSA < 1.69 ng/mL.

• 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET component shows its strength in detecting local and distant lymph node metastases, especially at PSA < 1.69 ng/mL.
Optical characterization and through-focus performance of two advanced monofocal intraocular lenses
Authors: Salgado-Borges José , Borges Anabela , Ferreira Isabel , González-Méijome José Manuel , Faria-Ribeiro Miguel
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To compare the refractive power profile, subjective depth-of-field and objective optical quality of two advanced monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) designed to improve intermediate vision.

Methods

This prospective study evaluated forty-six eyes of twenty-three patients, aged 54–68 years, binocularly implanted with two monofocal enhanced intraocular lenses (IOLs), the Tecnis Eyhance and the Physiol Isopure. Subjective through-focus visual acuity curves were obtained by placing trial lenses in front of the eye while wearing its best spherical-cylindrical correction for distance. Objective optical quality was defined as the area under the modulation transfer function, calculated from the wavefront maps measured with a high-resolution aberrometer. The optical design of both lenses was compared based on their refractive power profiles measured with the lenses immersed in saline solution.

Results

Both lenses have progressive aspherical geometries, in which the sagittal power decreases rapidly from the center to the edge of the optical zone. Mean monocular through-focus curves show a best corrected distance visual acuity of − 0.02 logMAR with both lenses. Through-focus visual acuity was marginally higher for the Eyhance, with a difference of 1 letter at the defocus position of − 0.5D and 3 letters between − 1.0D and − 2.0D. Objective assessment of optical quality revealed only a difference of about 2 points in MTF area at distance.

Conclusion

Both IOLs use a similar approach to improve intermediate vision. The Eyhance showed marginally better subjective performance than the Isopure at the target vergences between − 1.00D and − 2.00D, although these results did not reach statistical significance and were not replicated by the objective findings.
Neurofibromatose Typ 1 im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Hedrich Cora , Azizi Amedeo A.
Published: December 2023

Am NF Kinder Expertisezentrum der Med. Univ. Wien betreuen wir ein sehr breites Spektrum an NF-Manifestationen, und keiner unserer Patient*innen gleicht der/dem anderen. Die individualisierte ärztliche Versorgung bedarf eines Teams mit Vertreter*innen aus den relevanten medizinischen Fachrichtungen, das die Patient*innen in einem geeigneten Rahmen, wie z. B. einem dedizierten NF-Board, regelmäßig interdisziplinär bespricht. Ebenso wichtig ist die (neuro)psychosoziale Betreuung der Betroffenen und deren Familien (so können etwa mögliche neurokognitive Einschränkungen den Schulalltag beeinflussen). Weiters ist es für viele Familien schwierig, mit einer lebensbegleitenden Veranlagung umzugehen, deren individueller Verlauf (Auftreten von NF1-assoziierten Symptomen/Tumoren) in keiner Weise vorhersehbar ist. Edukation der Patient*innen und Familien bzgl. onkologischer Erkrankungen und deren Symptome bzw. Warnzeichen ist essenziell, es ist aber auch wichtig darauf hinzuweisen, dass diese u. U. nie auftreten werden.
Seeing the invisible: extracurricular learning processes and learning outcome as experienced by student volunteers accompanying persons in a socially vulnerable situation to healthcare appointments—an ethnographic study
Authors: Tonnesen Merete , Valentin Gitte , Maribo Thomas , Momsen Anne-Mette Hedeager
Published: December 2023

Becoming a healthcare professional is a complex process, where learning occurs in various ways. This study explores an extracurricular learning approach, called the Social Health Bridge-Building Programme, designed to address health inequities. Student volunteers accompany persons in a socially vulnerable situation to healthcare appointments. Operating outside the realms of health education, the programme intends to provide an alternative road to training healthcare students to become capable of engaging with diverse populations, and reducing barriers to healthcare access. Based on an ethnographic fieldwork, using interviews and participant observation (“walking along”) as methods, the aim of the study was to explore the learning processes and learning outcomes associated with bridge-building, as experienced by students. Our findings show that this extracurricular learning complemented the formal curriculum, and bridged the gap from theoretical knowledge to practice and to real persons, preparing students for their future roles. The particular positioning of walking alongside or sitting beside persons made the invisible visible, enabling student volunteers to see the variety of persons in need of bridge-building, ways of living in a socially vulnerable situation, inequity in health, and see the persons, beyond initial impression, fostering a deeper understanding and empathy among the students. Learning outcomes included communicational, relational, and observations skills, and a more comprehensive grasp of the healthcare system's complexity. We conclude that a non-governmental organization, independent of the healthcare system, may have found a novel way of providing extracurricular learning about health inequity to students. Demonstrating how the Social Health Bridge-Building Programme complements formal curricula, the concept could be applicable in other settings.
Impact of CYP2C19 Genotype on Efficacy and Safety of Clopidogrel-based Antiplatelet Therapy in Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Non-East Asian Studies
Authors: Cargnin Sarah , Ferrari Federica , Terrazzino Salvatore
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Inconclusive and limited results have been reported on the clinical utility of CYP2C19 genotyping in stroke/TIA patients of non-East Asian ancestries. We herein performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively estimate the association of CYP2C19 loss-of function (LOF) status with efficacy and safety of clopidogrel-based antiplatelet therapy in non-East Asian patients affected by stroke or TIA.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed up to July 2023 using PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library databases. The clinical outcomes investigated were stroke, composite vascular events and bleeding. Pooled estimates were calculated as risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI using the Mantel– Haenszel random-effects model. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADEpro tool.

Results

A total number of 1673 stroke/TIA patients from 8 non-East Asian studies, published between 2014 and 2022, were included in the systematic review. Clopidogrel-treated carriers of CYP2C19 LOF alleles were found at increased risk of stroke compared to non-carriers (RR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.04–2.71, P = 0.03). However, no significant association was observed with the risk of composite vascular events (RR: 1.15, 95%CI: 0.58–2.28, P = 0.69) or bleeding (RR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.38–1.86, P = 0.67). Similarly, European ancestry patients carrying CYP2C19 LOF alleles displayed a higher risk of stroke (RR: 2.69 (1.11–6.51, P = 0.03), but not of composite vascular events or bleeding.

Conclusion

The present updated meta-analysis provides moderate quality evidence of association between CYP2C19 LOF alleles and an increased risk of stroke in non-East Asian patients with stroke/TIA after receiving clopidogrel therapy. Further large pharmacogenetic studies are still warranted to corroborate these findings.
Social Climate, Uncertainty and Fertility Intentions: from the Great Recession to the Covid-19 Crisis
Authors: Comolli Chiara Ludovica
Published: December 2023

The literature on fertility in context of crises considers major crises exclusively as economic experiences, however, they are also social phenomena, affecting communities, morality and social interactions. When changes in the social climate are of a sufficient magnitude, they tend to break down the social fabric and generate additional uncertainty, more of a social form, which may affect reproductive decisions beyond economic uncertainty alone. Applying Fixed Effects Models to 18 waves of the Swiss Household Panel (2004–2021), this study evaluates the relationship between changes in social climate and social uncertainty and first and second order childbearing intentions, net of economic uncertainty, sociodemographic determinants and unobserved time-invariant individual and local area characteristics. Canton-level mean and variance of generalized trust and optimism about the future are used as proxies of the quality and the unpredictability of the social climate respondents live in. Besides parity, the study explores period variation by comparing the time around the Great Recession (before, during and after) and the years around the Covid-19 pandemic. Results show that the worsening of the social climate and its growing uncertainty correlate with lower and more uncertain first and second birth intentions. Yet, important parity-period interactions emerge.
Dropout intent of students with disabilities
Authors: Rußmann Mareike , Netz Nicolai , Lörz Markus
Published: December 2023

We examine the mechanisms explaining the dropout intentions of students with disabilities by integrating Tinto’s model of student integration, the student attrition model, the composite persistence model, and insights from social stratification research. The resulting theoretical model posits that not only students’ academic and social integration, but also their private resources (financial, home learning, and personal resources) are crucial for academic success. Analysing data from a 2020 Germany-wide student survey, we find that students with disabilities are substantially more likely to intend to drop out of higher education than students without disabilities. Linear regressions and Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions show that their lower academic integration and fewer personal resources are most relevant for explaining this difference, while their lower social integration, home learning, and financial resources play subordinate roles. Further analyses reveal that dropout intent is highest among students with psychic disabilities, followed by students with learning disabilities and students with physical disabilities. Regarding all three disability groups, less academic integration and fewer personal resources are most relevant for explaining their higher dropout intent (compared to students without disabilities). However, the disability groups differ regarding the importance of the different explanatory factors. Overall, our results highlight the importance of considering both students’ integration into higher education and their private resources for understanding student-group-specific dropout intent.
A review of the benefits and drawbacks of high-stakes final examinations in higher education
Authors: French Sarah , Dickerson Ashton , Mulder Raoul A.
Published: December 2023

High-stakes examinations enjoy widespread use as summative assessments in higher education. We review the arguments for and against their use, across seven common themes: memory recall and knowledge retention; student motivation and learning; authenticity and real-world relevance; validity and reliability; academic misconduct and contract cheating; stress, anxiety and wellbeing; and fairness and equity. For each theme, we evaluate empirical evidence for the perceived pedagogical benefits and pedagogical drawbacks of high-stakes examinations. We find that relatively few of the perceived academic benefits of high-stakes examinations have a strong evidence base. Support for their use is largely rooted in opinion and pragmatism, rather than being justified by scientific evidence or pedagogical merit. By contrast, there is substantial evidence for pedagogical drawbacks of high-stakes summative examinations. We conclude that the current heavy reliance on high-stakes final examinations in many university subjects is poorly justified by the balance of empirical evidence.
A Note on Clarke’s Generalized Jacobian for the Inverse of Bi-Lipschitz Maps
Authors: Behr Florian , Dolzmann Georg
Published: December 2023

Clarke’s inverse function theorem for Lipschitz mappings states that a bi-Lipschitz mapping f is locally invertible about a point $$x_0$$

x
0

if the generalized Jacobian $$\partial f(x_0)$$

∂
f
(

x
0

)

does not contain singular matrices. It is shown that under these assumptions the generalized Jacobian of the inverse mapping at $$f(x_0)$$

f
(

x
0

)

is the convex hull of the set of matrices that can be obtained as limits of sequences $$J_f(x_k)^{-1}$$

J
f

(

x
k

)

-
1

with f differentiable in $$x_k$$

x
k

and $$x_k$$

x
k

converging to $$x_0$$

x
0

. This identity holds as well if f is assumed to be locally bi-Lipschitz at $$x_0$$

x
0

.
Surveying Adolescents During a Pandemic: Comparison of Adolescents Recruited via Social Media vs. Schools
Authors: Unger Jennifer B. , Steinberg Jane , Vos Robert , Soto Daniel W. , Albers Larisa , Rogers Christopher J.
Published: December 2023

School-based surveys of adolescents can be logistically difficult and exclude students who do not attend school. Social media recruitment could be a promising strategy to recruit representative samples of adolescents. However, few studies have compared adolescent survey data collected via different methodologies. Our team was conducting a school-based survey when the COVID-19 pandemic closed all schools, necessitating a shift to online adolescent recruitment. To achieve our goal of obtaining a sample of high school students throughout California, we placed ads on social media. We compared the adolescents recruited in schools with those recruited on social media on demographic characteristics, mental health, and substance use. The sample of students recruited in schools (N = 737) and adolescents recruited via social media (N = 953) did not differ significantly on gender or substance use. However, compared with school-based recruitment, social media recruitment yielded a higher proportion of boys, whites, and Asians and a lower proportion of girls, Hispanic/Latinx adolescents, and those who spoke other languages at home. The social media sample had significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress than the school-based sample. Results indicate that social media can be useful for recruiting adolescents for survey research, especially if strategies such as Spanish-language social media ads are used to recruit and consent Hispanic/Latinx adolescents and those with non-English-speaking parents. This method could potentially replace school-based surveys in cases where schools are unwilling to participate in research, or it could be used to supplement school-based samples. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed.
A tangled web: global review of fishing interactions with rhino rays
Authors: Pytka J. M. , Kyne P. M. , Carlson J. K. , Wosnick N. , Jabado R. W.
Published: December 2023

Rhino rays (Order Rhinopristiformes) are one of the most threatened vertebrate groups. Despite overfishing being recognised as the greatest threat to this group, a comprehensive assessment of the fisheries and types of fishing gear that rhino rays interact with is lacking. We reviewed published and grey literature (n = 116 references) to evaluate interactions between rhino rays and fisheries, determine gear types most responsible for their capture, and species for which most interactions occur by region. Interactions (n = 420) were reported from 37 of 88 range states, for 52 of 68 known species. Combined, 59% of the literature reported interactions from trawlers and gillnets. Wedgefishes (Rhinidae) were the most reported family (29%) and bowmouth guitarfish (Rhina ancylostomus) the most reported species (9.5%). Asia accounted for half of interactions (n = 211), with 67% of the literature from unspecified gear (e.g., mixed landings), masking gear-specific interactions. Data quality was variable, with the highest resolution in countries with lower species diversity and where species are least imperiled (e.g., Australia). Discard mortality and physiological effects of capture are poorly known with data available for 25% of species (almost exclusively from Australia and the Americas). While additional data are urgently required to quantify the true extent of rhino ray catch globally, reducing fisheries mortality is a priority and key to address declining populations. Recommendations include prioritizing spatial management in critical habitats (e.g., nursery areas), expansion in the use of proven bycatch reduction devices, encouraging safe release and handling, and addressing drivers of retention and trade.
Cluster analysis to identify the profiles of individuals with compromised bone health versus unfortunate wrist fractures within the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA) database
Authors: Vincent Joshua I. , MacDermid Joy C. , Bassim Carol W. , Santaguida Pasqualina
Published: December 2023

We used cluster analysis to determine the profiles of individuals who sustained wrist fractures. We found two groups: (1) young and active and (2) older and less active. This information may be used to identify individuals who require further bone health interventions to optimize healthy aging.

Introduction

Distal radial fractures (DRF) are the most common of all fractures, with 6% of males and 33% of females having one at some point in their lifetime. We hypothesize that DRF consists of two subpopulations: one with compromised bone health that is early in the osteoporosis (OP) trajectory and another which are active and healthy and suffer a misfortune fracture due to their high activity levels or risk-taking behaviors. The latter is likely to recover with a minimal disability, while the former may signal a negative health trajectory of disability and early mortality.

Objective

To determine the profiles of individuals who sustained wrist fractures using cluster analysis within the Comprehensive Cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) database considering factors that reflect bone health and activity levels.

Methods

We included all the individuals who had a wrist fracture within the CLSA comprehensive cohort of the database (n = 968). The baseline data was used for this analysis. A 2-step cluster analysis was used to identify profiles that were both statistically and clinically meaningful. Variables that were used in the cluster analysis include demographic variables, physical activity status indicators, general health indicators, mobility indicators, bone health indicators, comorbid conditions, and lifestyle factors.

Results

We were able to identify two distinct profiles that were statistically and clinically meaningful confirming our hypothesis. One cluster included a predominantly younger cohort, who are physically active, with less comorbid conditions, better bone health, and better general health, while the opposite was true of the first cohort.

Conclusion

We were able to identify two clusters—a healthy profile and a bone health compromised profile. This information may be used to identify the subgroup of people who should be targeted in the future for more intensive preventive health services to optimize healthy aging.
A complex insight into the Late Quaternary history of Bohemian-Moravian Highlands summit
Authors: Hájková Petra , Široká Adéla , Petr Libor , Jamrichová Eva , Peterka Tomáš
Published: December 2023

Peat is an important archive allowing the reconstruction of past mire environments and surrounding vegetation. The Pihoviny site, one of the oldest peat deposits in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, was analysed for macrofossils and pollen and compared with other profiles in the region. The local mire development started in the Late Glacial as sedge-moss quaking fen with tundra elements characterised by high mineral richness and groundwater level. During the Early Holocene, it developed through the rich fen with hummocks, willow and reed stage to the waterlogged spruce forest, which persisted for thousands of years until the post-mediaeval deforestation. The recent mire vegetation developed 300 years ago due to human-induced deforestation. Further, we revealed high regional synchronicity among pollen profiles in the Early-Holocene (10,000–9000 cal BP), when open-canopy pine-birch forests transformed into closed-canopy deciduous forests due to climate improvement. Contrary, the Late-Holocene transformation to beech-fir forests was not synchronous, suggesting another driver than climate, likely human activities. Although pollen of both late-successional trees occurred since the Early Holocene, their expansion began much later, 5500–3500 (beech) and 3500–2500 cal BP (fir). Numerous spruce macrofossils suggest its pollen's local origin in the waterlogged spruce forest. Our results support the need for active management to sustain open mire vegetation and prevent spontaneous forest regrowth, recently boosted by climate warming. Palaeoecological analyses reconstructed a mosaic of waterlogged spruce and terrestrial beech-fir forests in the landscape, which should be restored to increase forest resistance against bark-beetle breakdowns and other disturbances in future.
Sustainable development of passenger transport in Poland in the context of young passengers’ preference survey
Authors: Rosa Grażyna
Published: December 2023

The issue of reducing the adverse impact of transport on the environment has been reflected in key European transport documents. Their content clearly indicates that rail transport is more “environmentally friendly” than road transport. An increase in the number of rail passengers and, at the same time, a drop in the number of road transport passengers is consistent with the concept of sustainable development. The purpose of the article is to analyse the preferences of rail and bus passengers and use research results to enhance sustainable development. In order to achieve this aim, the method of critical analysis of available secondary research results and the survey method were adopted, with the use of a questionnaire in primary research. The author’s own research was conducted on a representative sample of 331 young passengers. On the basis of available secondary research results, the price, travel time and modern technology categories as well as elements thereof were selected for analysis. The study results may be used to formulate a strategy for sustainable development of transport, contributing to the reduction of road passenger transport in favour of rail transport.
Clinical application of 192Ir High-Dose-Rate brachytherapy in metastatic lymph nodes of the neck
Authors: Lu Hongling , Sun Yunchuan , Gao Yan , Xiao Li , Zhou Jianxi , Yin Xiaoming , Guo Wei , Fan Kui
Published: December 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of high-dose-rate brachytherapy as a treatment modality for recurrent or residual neck metastatic lymph nodes following external radiotherapy.

Methods

38 patients with 52 metastatic lymph nodes recurring or residual after previous external radiotherapy was completed to metastatic lymph nodes in the neck were collected from January 2019 to February 2022. High-dose-rate brachytherapy with 192Ir was performed with a prescribed dose of 20–30 Gy/1f (effective biological dose of 60–120 Gy), and imaging was performed at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment to assess the local control rate and adverse effects of treatment.

Results

All 38 patients received completed treatment, and they were followed up for 6 months. 52 patients with neck lymph node metastases had an objective response rate.

(Complete response, CR + Partial response, PR) of 76.9%, which comprised 89.5% (34/38) for lymph nodes ≤ 3 cm and 42.9% (4/14) for > 3 cm, P = 0.028. P > 0.05 for CR + PR versus stable disease, SD + progressive disease, PD for lymph nodes between different subdivisions of the neck. Using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Acute Toxicity Scoring System, there were 6 cases of acute radioskin injuries of degree I and 4 cases of degree II with a 60% symptomatic relief rate.

Conclusions

High-dose-rate brachytherapy serves as a safe and effective method in treating recurrent residual neck metastatic lymph nodes in the field after external radiotherapy, exerting tolerable adverse effects.
Shifts in the trophic ecology of feral cats in the alpine ecosystem of an oceanic island: implications for the conservation of native biodiversity
Authors: Gómez-Alceste Manuela , Rando Juan Carlos
Published: December 2023

Cats, introduced on thousands of islands worldwide, are one of the greatest threats to native wildlife. An analysis of 301 scats was performed in order to study the diet of cats in a National Park in the alpine ecosystem of an oceanic island (Tenerife, Canary Islands). The results were compared with those obtained 35 years ago. In this study, eight types of vertebrates were detected in the cat diet: two endemic reptiles, four introduced mammals, and two birds. Although introduced rabbits were the most important prey, accounting for 53.9% of the biomass in the diet, this figure is among the lowest recorded in the Canary Islands. Data show a shift from the diet 35 years ago, with a decrease in the percentage of rabbits consumed, from 73% of diet biomass in 1986 to 53.9% today, and an increase mainly not only in reptiles but also in native birds. This change is due to a decrease in the rabbit population, probably motivated by the incidence of haemorrhagic disease (RHDV2). Using a daily intake of 170 g, we estimated that a single cat could prey on 1331 vertebrates/year. Assuming a low cat density of 1 cat/km2, the total cat population in the National Park would kill 257,739 vertebrates, being native species particularly vulnerable to predation, with 166,249 reptiles and 5588 birds annually. Thus, with the aim of updating and improving management strategies for the conservation of native biodiversity, there is a need for new research on invasive predators on islands where diet may change over time.
The effects of Elgucare in a rat model of intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Chang Ting-Kuo , Liu Yueh-Ching , Chien Tzu-Yun , Chen Yu-Ting , Chen Ching-Chen
Published: December 2023

As an avascular tissue, the intervertebral disc (IVD) faces difficulties in obtaining nutrients and is prone to accumulating metabolic waste. The ensuing IVD degeneration (IVDD) causes symptoms such as low back pain. Traditional Chinese medicine has a millennia-long history of treating IVDD, with the advantages of safety and few adverse effects. Based on prior pharmacological research, the Chinese herbal formula Elgucare is abundant in the nutrients required by the IVD and can improve blood circulation, accelerating the removal of metabolic waste from the IVD. This study used a 23 G needle to surgically induce IVDD in a rat model. Thirty rats were randomly assigned to five groups: one that underwent sham surgery (Sham), one with IVDD that was not fed Elgucare (EGC-0), and three with IVDD that were fed Elgucare at different concentrations for six weeks (EGC-L, EGC-M, and EGC-H). Study parameters, including total body weight, plantar sensitivity to pain, gait analysis, IVD thickness, and IVD morphology, were used to assess the effects of Elgucare on IVDs. Our results showed that administering Elgucare to rats effectively reduced plantar tingling and improved swing speed during gait analysis. Elgucare also accelerated increases in IVD thickness and increased the proportion of IVD that returned to normal cellularity. The possible benefits of Elgucare include alleviating pain, improving mobility, and accelerating IVD repair, indicating its potential for use in IVD therapy.
Comparison-embedded evidence-CNN model for fuzzy assessment of wear severity using multi-dimensional surface images
Authors: Shao Tao , Wang Shuo , Wang Qinghua , Wu Tonghai , Huang Zhifu
Published: December 2023

Wear topography is a significant indicator of tribological behavior for the inspection of machine health conditions. An intelligent in-suit wear assessment method for random topography is here proposed. Three-dimension (3D) topography is employed to address the uncertainties in wear evaluation. Initially, 3D topography reconstruction from a worn surface is accomplished with photometric stereo vision (PSV). Then, the wear features are identified by a contrastive learning-based extraction network (WSFE-Net) including the relative and temporal prior knowledge of wear mechanisms. Furthermore, the typical wear degrees including mild, moderate, and severe are evaluated by a wear severity assessment network (WSA-Net) for the probability and its associated uncertainty based on subjective logic. By integrating the evidence information from 2D and 3D-damage surfaces with Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence, the uncertainty of severity assessment results is further reduced. The proposed model could constrain the uncertainty below 0.066 in the wear degree evaluation of a continuous wear experiment, which reflects the high credibility of the evaluation result.
Totality, Regularity, and Cardinality in Probability Theory
Authors: Mancosu Paolo , Massas Guillaume
Published: December 2023

Recent developments in generalized probability theory have renewed a debate about whether regularity (i.e., the constraint that only logical contradictions get assigned probability $0$) should be a necessary feature of both chances and credences. Crucial to this debate, however, are some mathematical facts regarding the interplay between the existence of regular generalized probability measures and various cardinality assumptions. We improve on several known results in the literature regarding the existence of regular generalized probability measures. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of regular generalized probability measures defined on the whole powerset of any sample space.
Making the most of language acquisition of Syrian asylum permit holders in the Netherlands: the role of policy factors examined
Authors: Bakker Linda , Dagevos Jaco , Djundeva Maja
Published: December 2023

In this article, we examine the relationship between important types of policies for asylum permit holders in the Netherlands and the improvement in their command of Dutch. As far as asylum policy is concerned, we find that participation in activities in the asylum seekers reception centre – and in particular, following Dutch language classes – contribute to an improvement in Syrian asylum permit holders’ command of Dutch. On the other hand, a prolonged period of stay and frequent relocations between reception centres are not favourable. Asylum permit holders who have successfully completed the civic integration programme have a better command of the language than asylum permit holders who are still undergoing the programme. An important finding is that there seems to be a sort of double deficit in the area of civic integration: not only do the elderly and lower educated make less progress in learning Dutch, but they are also the ones more likely to receive a dispensation from the civic integration requirement, which places them at a further disadvantage. Third, we find that early participation in the labour market or as a volunteer is also beneficial for language proficiency.
Curtain Calls in Dance: Negotiating the Terms of Disengagement
Authors: Clark Caroline Sutton
Published: December 2023

Through curtain calls in Eurocentric theatrical dance forms, dance artists, audience members, and staff coordinate how dance concerts end and participants disperse. Nevertheless, despite the widespread use of such practices, the rituals of bows and applause have largely eluded critical inquiry. This article offers dance practitioners choices toward thoughtfully negotiating the processes of engagement and disengagement in groups contingently assembled for dance events. A brief historical inquiry introduces how such behaviors may enact deeply embedded, power-laden agendas of relationship. Then, curtain calls are revealed as complex spaces of intersubjective negotiations, iterative of numerous possible functions at work.
Toward a Balanced Approach: Bridging the Military, Policy, and Technical Communities
Authors: Seraphin Arun , Miles Wilson
Published: December 2023

The development of new technologies that enable autonomous weapon systems poses a challenge to policymakers and technologists trying to balance military requirements with international obligations and ethical norms. Some have called for new international agreements to restrict or ban lethal autonomous weapon systems. Given the tactical and strategic value of the technologies and the proliferation of threats, the military continues to explore the development of new autonomous technologies to execute national security missions. The rapid global diffusion and dual-use nature of autonomous systems necessitate a proactive approach and a shared understanding of the technical realities, threats, military relevance, and strategic implications of these technologies from these communities. Ultimately, developing AI-enabled defense systems that adhere to global norms and relevant treaty obligations, leverage emerging technologies, and provide operational advantages is possible. The development of a workable and realistic regulatory framework governing the use of lethal autonomous weapons and the artificial intelligence that underpins autonomy will be best supported through a coordinated effort of the regulatory community, technologists, and military to create requirements that reflect the global proliferation and rapidly evolving threat of autonomous weapon systems. This essay seeks to demonstrate that: (1) the lack of coherent dialogue between the technical and policy communities can create security, ethical, and legal dilemmas; and (2) bridging the military, technical, and policy communities can lead to technology with constraints that balance the needs of military, technical, and policy communities. It uses case studies to show why mechanisms are needed to enable early and continuous engagement across the technical, policymaking, and operational communities. The essay then uses twelve interviews with AI and autonomy experts, which provide insight into what the technical and policymaking communities consider fundamental to the progression of responsible autonomous development. It also recommends practical steps for connecting the relevant stakeholders. The goal is to provide the Department of Defense with concrete steps for building organizational structures or processes that create incentives for engagement across communities.
Experience of left ventricular outflow tract arrhythmia ablation in paediatric patients using limited fluoroscopy and three-dimensional mapping technique
Authors: Ballı Şevket , Kanlıoğlu Pınar , Akgun Gokmen
Published: December 2023

Objective:

The left ventricular outflow tract is an important source of ventricular arrhythmias. Up to one-third of all idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias in patients with structurally normal hearts may arise from this region. We would like to share the results of our left ventricular outflow tract ablation using three-dimensional mapping and limited fluoroscopy.

Materials and Methods:

This is a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Forty-six consecutive patients who underwent left ventricular outflow tract ablation procedures between January 2015 and June 2023 were included in the study. The EnSite Precision System (Abbott, St. Paul, MN, USA) was used to facilitate mapping and to reduce or eliminate the need for fluoroscopy.

Results:

The study group comprised 29 males and 17 females, with a mean age of 13.4 ± 4.5 years. The most common location for arrhythmias was the left coronary cusp (n : 21). Other locations, in sequence, included the junction of the right and left coronary commissure (n : 10), right coronary cusp (n : 10), left ventricular outflow tract endocardium (n:4), aorto-mitral junction (n : 1), and great cardiac vein (n : 1). Nine of these patients had previously undergone unsuccessful right ventricular outflow tract ablation at another centre. Cryoablation was performed in three patients, irrigated radiofrequency ablation in three patients, and conventional radiofrequency ablation in the remaining patients. The acute success rate was 100%, and no recurrences were observed. The mean follow-up period was 49.6 ± 24.4 months. All patients were asymptomatic and were being followed without antiarrhythmic medication.

Conclusion:

Although left ventricular outflow tract ablations pose a risk for coronary artery and heart valve complications, they can be performed successfully and safely with the guidance of three-dimensional mapping.
Intraoperative transit-time flow measurement of caval veins before and after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis
Authors: Arrigoni Sara C. , van der Maaten Joost M. A. A. , Roofthooft Marc T. R. , Hoffmann Roland F. , Berger Rolf M. F. , Ebels Tjark
Published: December 2023

Background:

Haemodynamic changes in caval venous flow distribution occurring during bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis operation are still largely unknown.

Methods:

Transit time flow measurements were performed in 15 cavopulmonary anastomosis operations. Superior and inferior caval vein flows were measured before and after the cavopulmonary anastomosis. Ratio of superior caval vein to overall caval veins flow was calculated.

Results:

Mean superior caval vein flow ratio before cavopulmonary anastomosis was higher than previously reported for healthy children. Superior caval vein flow ratio decreased in 14/15 patients after cavopulmonary anastomosis: mean 0.63 ± 0.12 before versus 0.43 ± 0.14 after. No linear correlation between intraoperative superior caval vein pressure and superior caval vein flow after cavopulmonary anastomosis was found. Neither Nakata index nor pulmonary vascular resistance measured at preoperative cardiac catheterisation correlated with intraoperative flows. None of patients died or required a take down.

Conclusions:

The higher mean superior caval vein flow ratio before cavopulmonary anastomosis compared to healthy children suggests flow redistribution in univentricular physiology to protect brain and neurodevelopment. The decrease of superior caval vein flow ratio after cavopulmonary anastomosis may reflect the flow redistribution related to trans-pulmonary gradient. The lack of correlation between superior caval vein pressure and superior caval vein flow could be explained by limited sample size and multifactorial determinants of caval veins flow, although pressure remain essential. Larger sample of measurements are needed to find flow range potentially predictive for clinical failure. To authors’ knowledge, this is the first intraoperative flow measurement of both caval veins during cavopulmonary operations.
Seasonal mortality amongst UK occupational pension scheme members 2000–2016
Authors: Hall Mary , Naqvi Rabia
Published: December 2023

Mortality at older ages varies by season, increasing the uncertainty associated with modelling and projecting mortality at older ages and ultimately contributing to pension providers’ overall risk. As the population ages, it becomes more important to understand variations in seasonal mortality between pensioners and to identify those most vulnerable to seasonal mortality differences. Using data from the Self-Administered Pension Schemes mortality investigation of the Continuous Mortality Investigation of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, UK, this paper investigates variations in seasonal mortality amongst members of UK occupational pension schemes over the period 2000–2016. Results are also compared with the corresponding population of England and Wales. For the oldest age groups (80+), which are most affected by seasonality, females are more vulnerable to seasonal differences in mortality for each pensioner group relative to males. Following a long-term decline in the winter-summer mortality gap the gap increased over the period, particularly for female pensioners and dependants. Seasonality remains a feature of UK mortality at older ages and risk management for pension schemes should consider seasonality when analysing overall mortality experience.