bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Bone Disease in Pediatric Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: DeGonza Hannah , Laurenzano Sarah , Galinato Janna , Elmaoued Rasha , Alkhouri Razan , Castillo Ricardo Orlando , Dharmaraj Rajmohan
Published: February 2025

Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a known complication of short bowel syndrome (SBS), with a high prevalence in both pediatric and adult populations. MBD includes various conditions that disrupt skeletal homeostasis, such as rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis. The pathogenesis of MBD is multifactorial, regardless of the underlying cause of SBS. When MBD is suspected, it is important to conduct laboratory evaluations to guide proper diagnosis and treatment. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the preferred imaging modality for assessing MBD in routine clinical care. Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of MBD in pediatric patients with SBS are essential to support growth and development and prevent fractures and metabolic complications. Using the best evidence available, this article aims to review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current management of MBD in pediatric patients with SBS.
An Evaluation of Health Behavior Change Training for Health and Care Professionals in St. Helena
Authors: Maltinsky Wendy , Swanson Vivien , Tanyan Kamar , Hotham Sarah
Published: February 2025

Background: Health behavior consultations support self-management if delivered by skilled practitioners. We summarize here the results of a collaborative training intervention program delivered to health and care practitioners working in a remote-island context. The program was designed to build confidence in the implementation of communication and behavior change skills and to sustain their use in work settings. The setting for the behavior change training program was the South Atlantic island of St. Helena, a remote low-middle-income country which has a population with high levels of obesity and a prevalence of long-term conditions. Objectives: We aimed to increase knowledge, confidence, and implementation of behavior change techniques (BCTs) and communication skills of health and social care staff through delivering and evaluating training using the MAP (Motivation, Action, Prompt) behavior change framework. A successful training intervention could ultimately improve self-management and patient health outcomes. Methods: Co-production with onsite representatives adapted the program for local delivery. A two-day training program was delivered face-to-face to 32 multidisciplinary staff. Pre- and post-intervention and 18-month follow-up evaluation assessed reactions, learning and implementation using multiple methods, including participant feedback and primary care patient reports. Results: Positive reactions to training and significant improvement in confidence, perceived importance, intention to use and implementation of BCTs and communication skills immediately post-training and at long-term follow-up were observed. Patient reports suggested some techniques became routinely used. Methodological difficulties arose due to staff retention and disruption through the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The delivery of health behavior change training can be effective in remote contexts with sustainable impacts on healthcare. There are challenges working in this context including staff continuity and technological reliability.
Material Properties of Lime Mortars Used in the Architectural Heritage of the Joseon Dynasty
Authors: Im Han Ul , Lee Sang Ok , Chung Gwang Yong
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to identify the raw materials and characteristics of lime mortar samples recovered from three Joseon dynasty architectural heritage sites: the Munsusanseong Fortress in Gimpo, Namhansanseong Fortress, and Godeung-dong lime-barrier tomb in Seongnam. To achieve this, comprehensive analyses were conducted, including physical property assessments (specific gravity, water absorption, apparent porosity, hydrochloric acid aggregate test, and particle size distribution), material characterization using optical microscopy and SEM-EDS, as well as XRD, WD-XRF, and TGA analyses. The results revealed that the lime mortars from all three sites exhibit the characteristics of Sammulhoe, a traditional Joseon dynasty mixture of lime, sand, and clay minerals. While the binders primarily consisted of air-setting lime, minor hydraulic properties were observed in the samples from the Namhansanseong Fortress and the Godeung-dong lime-barrier tomb, possibly due to the inclusion of dolomite. Additionally, the presence of brick and tile particles (Waseol) in some samples corroborate historical records of lime mortar production techniques during the Joseon dynasty. This study provides scientific insights into the raw materials and characteristics of the Joseon dynasty lime mortar, contributing to a deeper understanding of traditional construction materials and techniques.
Event-Based vs. Continuous Hydrological Modeling with HEC-HMS: A Review of Use Cases, Methodologies, and Performance Metrics
Authors: Odey Golden , Cho Younghyun
Published: February 2025

This study critically examines the applications of the Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) in hydrological research from 2000 to 2023, with a focus on its use in event-based and continuous simulations. A bibliometric analysis reveals a steady growth in research productivity and identifies key thematic areas, including hydrologic modeling, climate change impact assessment, and land use analysis. Event-based modeling, employing methods such as the SCS curve number (CN) and SCS unit hydrograph, demonstrates exceptional performance in simulating short-term hydrological responses, particularly in flood risk management and stormwater applications. In contrast, continuous modeling excels in capturing long-term processes, such as soil moisture dynamics and groundwater contributions, using methodologies like soil moisture accounting and linear reservoir baseflow approaches, which are critical for water resource planning and climate resilience studies. This review highlights the adaptability of HEC-HMS, showcasing its successful integration of event-based precision and continuous process modeling through hybrid approaches, enabling robust analyses across temporal scales. By synthesizing methodologies, performance metrics, and case studies, this study offers practical insights for selecting appropriate modeling techniques tailored to specific hydrological objectives. Moreover, it identifies critical research gaps, including the need for advanced calibration methods, enhanced parameter sensitivity analyses, and improved integration with hydraulic models. These findings highlight HEC-HMS’s critical role in improving hydrological research and give a thorough foundation for its use in addressing current water resource concerns.
Environmental Challenges in Southern Brazil: Impacts of Pollution and Extreme Weather Events on Biodiversity and Human Health
Authors: Ellwanger Joel Henrique , Ziliotto Marina , Kulmann-Leal Bruna , Chies José Artur Bogo
Published: February 2025

The Amazon rainforest plays a fundamental role in regulating the global climate and therefore receives special attention when Brazilian environmental issues gain prominence on the global stage. However, other Brazilian biomes, such as the Pampa and the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil, have been facing significant environmental challenges, either independently or under the influence of ecological changes observed in the Amazon region. The state of Rio Grande do Sul is located in the extreme south of Brazil and in 2024 was hit by major rainfalls that caused devastating floods. The Pampa is a non-forest biome found in Brazil only in Rio Grande do Sul. This biome is seriously threatened by loss of vegetation cover and many classes of pollutants, including pesticides and plastics. Mining ventures are also important sources of soil, water and air pollution by potentially toxic elements in Rio Grande do Sul, threatening both the Pampa and the Atlantic Forest. Furthermore, southern Brazil is often affected by pollution caused by smoke coming from fires observed in distant biomes such as the Pantanal and the Amazon. Considering the significant environmental challenges observed in southern Brazil, this article revisits the historical participation of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazilian environmentalism and highlights the main environmental challenges currently observed in the state, followed by an in-depth analysis of the effects of pollution and extreme weather events on biodiversity and human health in the region. This review encompassed specifically the following categories of pollutants: potentially toxic elements (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, titanium), air pollutants, plastics, and pesticides. Pathogen-related pollution in the context of extreme weather events is also addressed. This article emphasizes the critical importance of often-overlooked biomes in Brazilian conservation efforts, such as the Pampa biome, while also underscoring the interconnectedness of climate change, pollution, their shared influence on human well-being and ecological balance, using Rio Grande do Sul as a case study.
Early Cardiac Dysfunction in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report and Literature Update
Authors: Lupu Maria , Pintilie Iustina Mihaela , Teleanu Raluca Ioana , Marin Georgiana Gabriela , Vladâcenco Oana Aurelia , Severin Emilia Maria
Published: February 2025

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked recessive disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration due to dystrophin deficiency. Cardiac involvement, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy, significantly impacts morbidity and mortality, typically manifesting after age 10. This case report presents a rare instance of early-onset cardiac involvement in a 3-year-old male with a confirmed deletion in exon 55 of the dystrophin gene. The patient developed dilated cardiomyopathy at 3 years and 8 months, with progressive left ventricular dysfunction despite early treatment with corticosteroids, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Genetic mechanisms and genotype–phenotype correlations related to cardiac involvement were reviewed, highlighting emerging therapies such as exon skipping, vamorolone, ifetroban, and rimeporide. Studies indicate that variants in exons 12, 14–17, 31–42, 45, and 48–49 are associated with more severe cardiac impairment. This case emphasizes the need for early, ongoing cardiac assessment and personalized treatment to address disease heterogeneity. While current DMD care standards improve survival, optimizing management through early intervention and novel therapies remains essential. Further research is needed to better understand genotype–phenotype correlations and improve cardiac outcomes for patients with DMD.
Molecular Modulation of Threadfin Fish Brain to Hypoxia Challenge and Recovery Revealed by Multi-Omics Profiling
Authors: Ma Xiaoli , Wang Wen-Xiong
Published: February 2025

Migratory fish often encounter hypoxic zones during migration, which can lead to varying degrees of hypoxic stress. This issue has become increasingly severe due to human activities and climate change, which have resulted in the expansion of hypoxic zones in aquatic environments. However, there is limited research on how these species respond to hypoxic stress and subsequent recovery. In this study, we used Eleutheronema tetradactylum, a well-recognized migratory and economically valuable fish species, as a model organism. Histological analysis revealed extensive neuronal damage during hypoxia exposure, with limited recovery observed even after 12 h of reoxygenation. Differential gene expression analysis highlighted progressive alterations in genes associated with stress response, neuroactive ligand interactions, and cellular repair mechanisms. Time-series analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified critical expression profiles throughout the hypoxia-recovery process and revealed hub genes for each stage. Furthermore, dynamic changes in miRNA expression and proteomic profiles indicated active regulation of several key biological pathways, including MAPK, HIF-1, and ECM-receptor interactions. Through miRNA-mRNA-protein correlation analysis, we propose a model that predicts key regulatory pathways and critical miRNA-mRNA-protein interactions across the various stages of hypoxia-recovery in the brain of E. tetradactylum. This study presents the first integrated analysis of miRNA, mRNA, and protein throughout the entire hypoxia-recovery process in fish brains. The molecular interactions and regulatory pathways identified in this model could serve as valuable biomarkers for future research on hypoxia-recovery mechanisms in fish.
Antibody Therapy for Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies: Past and Present
Authors: Naman Jacob , Shah Nirja , Heyman Benjamin M.
Published: February 2025

Antibody therapies are a crucial component of modern lymphoid malignancy treatment and an exciting area of active research. We performed a review of modern antibody therapies used in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies, with an emphasis on landmark studies and current directions. We describe the indications for rituximab, obinutuzumab, ADCs, and bispecific antibody therapies. Finally, we summarize early data from ongoing trials on emerging novel therapy combination regimens and discuss the role of machine learning in future therapy development.
A Review of the Genus Ambulyx Westwood, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from China Based on Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses, with the Description of a New Species
Authors: Jiang Zhuo-Heng , Kitching Ian J. , Xu Xiao-Dong , Xu Zhen-Bang , Yan Ming , Yu Wen-Bo , Liu Chang-Qiu , Hu Shao-Ji
Published: February 2025

The taxonomy of genus Ambulyx Westwood, 1847 from China is reviewed based on analysis of wing morphology, male and female genitalia and phylogenetic relationships derived from DNA barcodes. A new species, Ambulyx wukong sp. nov. is described from NW Yunnan, China. A male of the rare species, A. zhejiangensis from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China is examined and its male genitalia illustrated for the first time. Two taxa are newly recorded from China, A. tattina tattina from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, and A. semiplacida montana from Pingbian, Yunnan. Distribution maps, biological notes, and ecological records are also given.
Prognostic Role of Pan-Immune-Inflammatory Value in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Byoun Jeong Tae , Yun Kyeong Ho , Jo Sungho , Joo Donghyeon , Cho Jae Young
Published: February 2025

Blood cell-derived indices are potential predictors of clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease. This study assessed the prognostic value of the pan-immune-inflammatory value (PIV) for predicting 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A retrospective cohort of 1651 patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention was analyzed. PIV, calculated from blood cell counts, was categorized with a cut-off value of 256.3 (sensitivity 60.7%, specificity 59.3%) based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. MACEs were operationalized as a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, any revascularization, and rehospitalization for heart failure. The incidence of MACEs was 5.0% in patients with low PIV and 9.7% in those with high PIV (log-rank p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age 65 > years, renal dysfunction (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and high PIV (>256.3) (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.01–2.22, p = 0.048) as independent predictors of MACEs. Subgroup analyses revealed no statistically significant interaction between MI status or C-reactive protein levels and PIV. PIV was an independent predictor of 1-year MACEs in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS. It may serve as a reliable prognostic marker independently of MI or C-reactive protein levels.
Enhanced Continental Weathering and Intense Upwelling Drove the Deposition of Organic-Rich Shales in the Late Permian Dalong Formation, South China
Authors: Gong Yin , Li Yiming , Yang Peng , Xiang Meng , Zhou Zhou , Zhang Zhongquan , Niu Xing , Yang Xiangrong
Published: February 2025

Marine black shales are important to geologists, because they are not only potential sources and reservoir rocks for shale gas/oil, but also, their deposition could influence the climatic and oceanic environments. Here, a detailed study of the shales in the Dalong Formation in South China was conducted to understand the changes in continental weathering and upwelling and their influences on organic matter accumulation in the late Permian. The results revealed that the deposition of the Dalong and Daye Formations could be divided into five stages, with the highest TOC values (>2%) being observed in stages 2 and 4, intermediate TOCs (~1% to 2%) being observed in stages 1 and 3, and the lowest TOC values (<1%) being observed in stage 5. This study attributed the enhanced organic matter accumulation in stages 2 and 4 to enhanced continental weathering (high CIA values and δ26Mg values) and intense upwelling (high Mo/TOC ratios and low δ13Corg and CoEF × MnEF values), both of which contributed to high primary productivity and increased anoxia of the bottom waters, further leading to the accumulation of organic matter. Overall, both enhanced continental weathering and upwelling contributed to the development of anoxia, even euxinia, of the seawater and further triggered an end-Permian mass extinction (EPME).
Bacterial Diversity Associated with Millepora alcicornis, Phyllogorgia dilatata and Mussismilia harttii Collected from Two Distinct Corals Reefs on the Brazilian Coast
Authors: Andrade da Costa Rosiane , Wanna Figueiredo Maria , Fragoso dos Santos Henrique , Bezerra Pinto Otávio Henrique , Chaves Barreto Cristine , Amorim de Alencar Sérgio , Campos Dias Simoni
Published: February 2025

Corals can be considered holobiont organisms, since they have an important symbiotic relationship with microbial communities such as zooxanthellae, bacteria, Archaea, fungi and viruses. It is important to understand how those microbial communities influence the health of the corals and how environmental conditions could affect them. The present study aimed to describe the bacterial communities associated with three Brazilian coral species, Millepora alcicornis, Mussismilia harttii and Phyllogorgia dilatata, by a culture-independent method, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The corals were collected from two distinct coral reefs: Recife de Fora, in Bahia (BA) and Búzios, in Rio de Janeiro (RJ). The phylum Proteobacteria showed the highest relative abundance in most corals and sites. The bacterial compositions of these three corals from the two sample sites were very distinct from each other, not presenting similarities in coral species or related to sampling site. In M. alcicornes/RJ, the most abundant class was Gammaproteobacteria, order Piscirickettsiales, while the same species collected in BA showed unassigned Gammaproteobacteria, and Vibrionaceae was the second most abundant family. M. harttii/BA presented the most distinct bacterial phylum composition with 16 phyla (26% Proteobacteria, 16% Chloroflexi, 12% Acidobacteriota).
Deploying an Integrated Fiber Optic Sensing System for Seismo-Acoustic Monitoring: A Two-Year Continuous Field Trial in Xinfengjiang
Authors: Cang Siyuan , Xu Min , Chen Jiantong , Li Chao , Gao Kan , Jiang Xingda , Wang Zhaoyong , Luo Bin , Xiao Zhuo , Guo Zhen , Chen Ying , Ye Qing , Yang Huayong
Published: February 2025

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) offers numerous advantages, including resistance to electromagnetic interference, long-range dynamic monitoring, dense spatial sensing, and low deployment costs. We initially deployed a water–land DAS system at the Xinfengjiang (XFJ) Reservoir in Guangdong Province, China, to monitor earthquake events. Environmental noise analysis identified three distinct noise zones based on deployment conditions: periodic 18 Hz signals near surface-laid segments, attenuated low-frequency signals (<10 Hz) in the buried terrestrial sections, and elevated noise at transition zones due to water–cable interactions. The system successfully detected hundreds of teleseismic and regional earthquakes, including a Mw7.3 earthquake in Hualien and a local ML0.5 microseismic event. One year later, the DAS system was upgraded with two types of spiral sensor cables at the end of the submarine cable, extending the total length to 5.51 km. The results of detecting both active (transducer) and passive sources (cooperative vessels) highlight the potential of integrating DAS interrogators with spiral sensor cables for the accurate tracking of underwater moving targets. This field trial demonstrates that DAS technology holds promise for the integrated joint monitoring of underwater acoustics and seismic signals beneath lake or ocean bottoms.
Species Diversity and Community Composition of Macrofungi in the Dongling Mountains, Western Beijing, China
Authors: Huang Jia-Mao , Xu Tai-Min , Zhao Wen , Mumin Reyila , Zeng Long , Sun Yi-Fei , Cui Bao-Kai
Published: February 2025

Macrofungi are a group of fungi with important ecological functions and economic value in forest ecosystems. In this study, the species diversity and community composition of macrofungi in different areas, vegetation types, and elevation gradients from the Lingshan Natural Scenic Area and Xiaolongmen National Forest Park of the Dongling Mountains, Western Beijing were investigated. A total of 1379 specimens were collected. All specimens were identified by morphological and molecular methods, resulting in the identification of 311 species belonging to two phyla, four classes, 18 orders, 74 families, and 147 genera. The alpha diversity analysis indicated that the alpha diversity was significantly different among different vegetation types. The Betula spp. and Populus davidiana of the Lingshan Natural Scenic Area, and Quercus liaotungensis of Xiaolongmen National Forest Park had higher macrofungal alpha diversity. The difference in alpha diversity between the two areas was not significant. The principal coordinate analysis indicated a significant difference in macrofungal community composition among different vegetation types. The fungal community composition of the two areas was also significantly different. The fungal species richness and unique species tended to increase and then decrease with increasing elevation. The species composition of neighboring elevation gradients was more similar. The macrofungal species richness and the number of unique species were not significantly affected by elevation gradient. The vegetation types with higher fungal alpha diversity in the Dongling Mountains were Betula spp., Populus davidiana, and Quercus liaotungensis, and there were abundant fungal species in deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests. Macrofungal diversity and community composition was significantly affected by vegetation type. To better protect the macrofungi, the protection of these four vegetation types in the Dongling Mountains should be strengthened in the future.
Unethical Conduct Under Uncertainty: A Fear-Based Perspective
Authors: Pustovit Sasha , Hetrick Andrea L. , Darden Tanja R.
Published: February 2025

Rising uncertainty in the business environment has coincided with a significant increase in unethical behaviors within organizations, posing substantial financial and reputational risks. Unethical conduct is estimated to cost organizations around the world more than USD 4.5 trillion per year, impacting corporate financial stability, investor confidence, and market integrity. Traditional risk assessment and predictive models, which rely on historical data, often fail to account for behavioral responses to uncertainty, creating blind spots in financial risk management and economic forecasting. This paper advances the literature by applying experimental methodologies to investigate the underlying emotional, fear-based mechanisms (namely short-term focus and self-concern) impacting decision-making under uncertainty. By utilizing two distinct types of experimental studies (comprising three studies in total), we empirically examine how uncertainty influences the types of unethical behaviors that are prevalent in today’s organizations. Our findings contribute to the fields of financial risk management and behavioral economics by offering evidence-based insights into the psychological drivers of unethical decision-making. We conclude with managerial implications, outlining proactive strategies to mitigate the financial and operational risks associated with individuals’ responses to uncertainty.
Soil Nutrients in Sandy Plantations Are Related to the Species, Diameter at Breast Height or at Base, and Distance from the Tree Base in Horqin
Authors: Liu Hongshun , Bu Rencang , Chang Yu , Qi Li , Chang Chang , Zhang Zhibin , Zhao Lujia
Published: February 2025

Correctly understanding existing plantations and improving the cycles and effects of ecological restoration in sandy areas have become important scientific issues. Consequently, we selected different diameters at breast height (DBHs) for Populus spp. and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (P. sylvestris var. mongolica) and varying diameters at the base (DBs) of Caragana microphylla Lam. (C. microphylla) as research subjects in the sandy plantations in northwestern Liaoning Province. Soil samples were collected along a gradient at distances of 20 cm, 60 cm, and 120 cm from the tree base. Our objective was to investigate the connections among various afforestation species, DBHs or DBs (age), and soil nutrients. The results from our study area revealed that (1) the soil nutrient contents were extremely low; (2) the DBHs or DBs were not significantly related to soil exchangeable phosphorus (EP), total potassium (TK), or Pondus Hydrogenii (pH) but had a significant or moderately positive correlation with soil organic carbon (SOC), exchangeable potassium (EK), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), and total phosphorus (TP). The most significant relationship was with EK at a distance of 20 cm from the tree base; (3) the three afforestation species presented different trends in terms of the soil nutrient contents among the different distances from the tree base; and (4) the EK in the Populus spp. plantations was significantly greater than that in the P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations and moderately significantly greater than that in the C. microphylla plantations. The pH levels in P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations were significantly lower than those in Populus spp. plantations and C. microphylla plantations. Our study provides valuable insights into the synergistic development between sandy plantations and soil dynamics. This study provides important evidence for selecting suitable plant species for vegetation restoration and improvement efforts in sandy lands.
Why Do Tourists Visit the Food Market? A Host–Guest Sharing Model Based on the Theory of Self-Regulation
Authors: Lin Shiran , Zhu He , Liu Jiaming , Li Fengjiao , Zheng Chenrouyu
Published: February 2025

The transformation of traditional food markets into urban tourism destinations has garnered increasing attention, yet the mechanisms driving tourist motivations remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by proposing a host–guest sharing model grounded in the Theory of Self-Regulation (TSR). Employing a mixed-methods approach, we first conducted grounded theory analysis on 358,700 words of travelogues, identifying six TSR-based constructs: host–guest sharing, sense of place, behavior attitude, desire, subjective norms, and behavioral intention. These constructs were then validated through structural equation modeling (SEM) using survey data from 416 tourists. Results indicate that host–guest sharing (β = 0.925) and sense of place (β = 0.947) are the primary drivers of tourist intention, mediated by behavior attitude (β = 0.662) and desire (β = 0.861). Subjective norms (β = 0.724) further reinforce intention formation. The findings highlight the centrality of authentic cultural experiences and resident–tourist interactions in shaping food market tourism. This research extends the TSR framework by integrating geographical and psychological perspectives and offering actionable insights for urban planners to enhance food markets as sustainable tourism attractions through improved service quality, cultural storytelling, and equitable space design.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Optimization of Urbanization–Water Environment Coupling in the Cheng-Yu Region
Authors: Sun Binghao , Liang Xinlan , Li Bingchang , Liu Jiahao , Wu Lingfeng , Liu Yizhang
Published: February 2025

With global urbanization on the rise, China has entered the mid-to-late urbanization stage, and the Cheng-Yu region, as a key economic zone and new urbanization model in China, has faced water environmental issues due to rapid urbanization, while systematic research on the synergy between its urbanization and water environment governance remains scarce. This study explores the spatiotemporal evolution of and optimization strategies for the coupling and coordinated development of urbanization and water environment governance in the Cheng-Yu region. A comprehensive evaluation index system was established to measure the Urbanization Development System (UDS) and Water Environment Governance System (WEGS), and a coupling coordination model was utilized to analyze the spatiotemporal relationships between the two systems from 2013 to 2021. The coupling coordination index of the two systems showed a steady upward trend from 2013 to 2021, evolving from a state of severe imbalance to high-level coordination. Initially, the UDS was relatively low, while the WEGS was higher but grew at a slower rate. After 2019, rapid urbanization caused the UDS to exceed the level of the WEGS, indicating growing environmental pressures. Moreover, there are persistent disparities among cities. Industrial cities like Chengdu, with a high UDS but low WEGS, urgently need to enhance water resource management. In contrast, cities such as Dazhou, which have a high WEGS but low UDS, should make full use of their water resources to drive sustainable urban development. For policymakers, this research provides practical guidelines, such as suggesting targeted investment in water treatment facilities in industrial cities like Chengdu and promoting water-based economic development in cities like Dazhou. It emphasizes the importance of balancing urbanization with environmental sustainability. The findings not only deepen the understanding of the dynamic interactions between urban development and water environment governance but also lay a solid foundation for optimizing future policies in the Cheng-Yu region and other similar areas.
Spatial–Temporal Difference of Urban Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Optimization Partition from the Perspective of Spatial Planning
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Zhai Guofang , Ge Yifu , Jiang Tong , Su Buda
Published: February 2025

Spatial planning, recognized as a systematic policy instrument for regional development and governance, plays a crucial role in achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. This study establishes a framework for carbon sources/sinks estimation and carbon compensation optimization and conducts empirical research in a representative coal resource-based city. We analyzed the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of net carbon emissions in Huaibei from 2006 to 2020 using a spatial correlation model and an improved Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach (CASA). Then, we applied the normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) index and the SOM-K-means clustering model to categorize the carbon pattern into payment, balance, and compensation areas. These areas were further integrated with the “Three-zones and Three-lines” to reclassify nine spatial partition optimization types. Finally, we proposed a targeted emission reduction and sink enhancement optimization scheme. We found that urban carbon emissions and carbon sinks exhibit a significant mismatch, with the net carbon emission intensity reaching 166.76–383.27 t·hm−2 from 2006 to 2020, showing a rapid increase followed by stabilization. The high-value area, centered in Xiangshan District, exhibits a circularly decreasing spatial characteristic, gradually extending to the central city of Suixi County. In the optimized payment area, the level of the carbon emission contributive coefficient surpasses the ecological support coefficient (3.92 < ECC < 6.04, 2.09 < ESC < 3.58). The optimized space in the balance area type is primarily situated in mining subsidence areas, leading to a lower overall level (0.42 < ECC < 0.57, 0.49 < ESC < 1.13). The optimized space in the compensation area type (2.24 < ECC < 3.25, 4.59 < ESC < 5.69) requires economic or non-economic compensation from the payment area. The study combines the “Three-zones and Three-lines” with the results of carbon compensation to formulate an urban emission reduction and sink enhancement program, which not only helps to consolidate the theory of low-carbon cities but also effectively promotes the realization of the regional carbon peak goal.
Tailored Predictive Indicators for Weaning Success from High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Postoperative Hypoxemic Patients
Authors: Tsai Yuh-Chyn , Liu Shih-Feng , Chang Hui-Chuan , Huang Ching-Min , Hsieh Wan-Chun , Li Chin-Ling , Lin Ting-Lung , Kuo Ho-Chang
Published: February 2025

The use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) as an oxygen therapy post-extubation has demonstrated varying success rates across different surgical populations. This study aimed to identify the predictive factors influencing HFNC weaning outcomes in patients with postoperative extubation hypoxemia. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients in a surgical intensive care unit, categorized into three major postoperative groups: cardiothoracic surgery, upper abdominal surgery, and other surgeries. Our analysis examined pre-extubation weaning profiles, vital signs before and after HFNC initiation, and changes in physiological parameters during HFNC use. A total of 90 patients were included, divided into two groups based on HFNC weaning success or failure. Key parameters analyzed included maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio, vital signs, SpO2 levels, respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate–oxygenation (ROX) index, and HFNC duration. The findings revealed that cardiothoracic and upper abdominal groups showed significantly higher HFNC weaning success rates (73.3% and 70.6%) compared to the other surgeries group (34.6%) (p = 0.004). Critical predictors of successful weaning included pre-HFNC SpO2, P/F ratio, and changes in the ROX index, particularly in upper abdominal and other surgeries groups. In cardiothoracic surgery patients, higher maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (p = 0.031) was associated with improved outcomes, while prolonged HFNC use correlated with weaning success in this group (p = 0.047). These findings underscore the necessity of tailoring HFNC strategies to surgical characteristics and individual patient profiles. For cardiothoracic surgery patients, pre-extubation MIP, post-extubation RR, ΔROX, and ΔHR were identified as key predictive factors. In upper abdominal surgery, pre-extubation P/F ratio, post-extubation SpO2, and ΔROX played crucial roles. For patients undergoing other types of surgeries, pre-extubation P/F ratio and ΔROX remained the most reliable predictors of HFNC weaning success.
A Probabilistic Linguistic Large-Group Emergency Decision-Making Method Based on the Louvain Algorithm and Group Pressure Model
Authors: Wang Zhiying , Liu Hanjie , Ma Ruohan
Published: February 2025

To tackle preference conflicts and uncertainty in large-group emergency decision-making (LGEDM), this study proposes a probabilistic linguistic LGEDM method integrating the Louvain algorithm and group pressure model. First, expert weights are determined based on a social trust network, and the Louvain algorithm is employed for expert clustering, reducing the complexity of large-scale decision information. Second, a group pressure model is introduced to dynamically adjust expert preferences, enhancing consensus and decision consistency. Third, probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) are utilized to represent fuzzy and uncertain information, while attribute weights are determined by incorporating both subjective and objective factors, ensuring scientific rigor in decision-making. Finally, an improved TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for Interactive and Multicriteria Decision-Making) method is adopted to account for the loss aversion behavior of decision-makers (DMs), enabling a more accurate characterization of psychological decision-making traits. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing approaches in terms of decision efficiency, group consensus, and result robustness, offering effective support for emergency decision-making in crisis situations.
Optimal Control Problem and Its Solution in Class of Feasible Control Functions by Advanced Model of Control Object
Authors: Diveev Askhat , Sofronova Elena
Published: February 2025

This paper is devoted to the solution of the optimal control problem. The obtained control should be optimal in terms of quality criteria and, at the same time, feasible when implemented in the control object. To solve the optimal control problem in the class of feasible control functions, an advanced mathematical model of the control object is used. Firstly, the universal stabilisation system of the motion along any trajectory from some class is developed via symbolic regression. Then, the obtained stabilisation system is inserted into the right part of the control object model instead of the control vector. A reference model with a free control vector in the right part is added to the model; thus, the advanced mathematical model of the control object is obtained. After this, the optimal control problem is solved with the advanced mathematical model of the control object. The optimal control problem is stated in the classical form when the control is a time function. Here, the control function is searched for the reference model. The preliminary design of the universal stabilisation system for some class of trajectories allows the solution of the optimal control problem via the control object in a reasonable time frame. The proposed methodology is computationally tested for a model of the spatial motion of a quadcopter and a group of two-wheeled mobile robots with a differential drive. The results of the experiments show that the universal stabilisation system ensures the stabilisation of the motion of the objects along optimal trajectories, which are not known beforehand but obtained as a result of solving the problem with an advanced model.
An Appealing, Robust Access to Furo-Fused Heteropolycycles
Authors: Benzi Alice , Bianchi Lara , Giorgi Gianluca , Lentini Giovanni , Maccagno Massimo , Marcantoni Taddei Guglielmo , Petrillo Giovanni , Tavani Cinzia
Published: February 2025

Recently, nitrostilbenes characterized by two different or differently substituted aryl moieties, obtainable from the initial ring-opening of 3-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene with amines, have proved, by means of a stepwise double coupling with phenolic-type bidentate C/O nucleophiles, to be valuable precursors of oxygen-containing heteropolycycles and of fully conjugated systems therefrom via an efficient 6π-electrocyclization and final aromatization. Herein, the methodology is extended, after suitable optimization, to diverse heterophenols to afford new appealing heteropolycyclic systems of potential interest as drug leads. The synthetic results are fully consistent with up-to-date quantomechanical calculations. For some of the new molecules, a significant fluorescence is reported, with a potential for future applications, e.g., in the field of optical devices.
Structural Identification of Physalis alkekengi L. Polysaccharides
Authors: Zhang Yun , Wen Xuan , Xu Neng , Fu Hongyan , Lv Ge , Yu Wenjie , Wei Lina , Zhao Lin
Published: February 2025

Physalis alkekengi L. fruit polysaccharides can reduce blood sugar, regulate blood lipids, and improve intestinal flora structure. However, the specific polysaccharide components exerting these effects are unclear. In this study, we extracted, separated, purified, and characterized the P. alkekengi polysaccharides Phy-1a, Phy-1b, and Phy-1c. Ion chromatography showed that Phy-1b was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and xylose at a molar ratio of 3.0:19.8:47.5:20.9:8.8, and Phy-1c was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, ribose Galactosamine hydrochloride and Glucosamine hydrochloride at a molar ratio of 10.4:7.9:22.8:30.5:4.6:4.4:19.4:3.9:5.8. Neither of these polysaccharides contained uronic acid, indicating their neutral property. Methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that Phy-1b was mainly composed of terminal sugars (1-Araf); 1,5-Araf; 1,4-Xylp; 1-Glcp; 2,4-Rhap; 1,3-Glcp; 1,4-Galp; 1,4-Glcp; 1,3-Galp; 1,6-Glcp; 1,3,6-Glcp; and 1,4,6-Galp at a molar ratio of 5.2:7.1:7.8:13.7:6.3:11.2:7.0:16.3:7.4:6.0:6.8:5.3, with the main chain being →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→4)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-Galp-(1→[3)-β-d-Glcp-(1]2→3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→[4)-β-d-Glcp-(1]2→ and the branched chains being β-L-Araf-(1→5)-β-L-Araf-(1→, β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→ 3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. The three fragments, respectively, pass through the O-4 key of →2,4)-α-l-Rhap-(1→, O-6 key of →4,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and O-6 of →3,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ connected to the main chain. These results provide a reference for enhancing the utilization value of P. alkekengi resources to promote its high-value and efficient processing.
Enhancing Oxygen Evolution Catalysis by Tuning the Electronic Structure of NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxides Through Selenization
Authors: Wang Ze , Liang Yifang , Fang Taifu , Song Xinyu , Yang Luobai , Wen Liying , Wang Jinnong , Zhao Dongye , Wang Shifeng
Published: February 2025

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a critical approach for achieving carbon neutrality, playing an essential role in clean energy conversion. However, the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a major bottleneck hindering energy conversion efficiency. Although noble metal catalysts (e.g., IrO2 and RuO2) show excellent catalytic activity, their high cost and scarcity limit their applicability in large-scale industrial processes. In this study, we introduce a novel electrocatalyst based on selenized NiFe-layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDHs), synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. Its key innovation lies in the selenization process, during which Ni atoms lose electrons to form selenides, while selenium (Se) gains electrons. This leads to a significant increase in the concentration of high-valent metal ions, enhances electronic mobility, and improves the structural stability of the catalyst through the formation of Ni-Se bonds. Experimental results show that selenized NiFe-LDHs exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance in 1 M KOH alkaline solution. In the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the catalyst achieved an ultra-low overpotential of 286 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻2, with a Tafel slope of 63.6 mV dec⁻1. After 60 h of continuous testing, the catalyst showed almost no degradation, far outperforming conventional catalysts. These results highlight the potential of NiFe-LDH@selenized catalysts in large-scale industrial water electrolysis applications, providing an effective solution for efficient and sustainable clean energy production.
Variation in Nanocrystalline Phase Content on Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of FeCrMoWBRE Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Coating Deposited by High-Velocity Arc Spraying
Authors: Du Hao , Xin Wei , Wang Bo , Feng Ji’an , Xia Xingchuan , Wang Yujiang , Wei Shicheng
Published: February 2025

The incorporation of a homogeneously distributed nanocrystalline phase in Fe-based amorphous coatings is widely acknowledged to enhance wear resistance across various applications. In this study, FeCrMoWBRE amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coatings were fabricated on 45# steel substrates using high-velocity arc spraying (HVAS). The coatings were produced under varying spraying voltages, currents, and distances, following the Taguchi experimental design methodology. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of the coatings were systematically analyzed, with a particular focus on the relationship between nanocrystalline/amorphous phase content and key performance metrics, including microhardness, adhesive strength, and wear rate. A positive correlation was observed between the nanocrystalline phase content and both mechanical properties and wear resistance. The coating with optimized nanocrystalline phase content of 21.4% exhibits the lowest wear rate of 1.39 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·m−1 under a 100 N load and oil lubrication. These findings underscore the critical role of controlling the nanocrystalline phase content in Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coatings to maximize wear resistance under oil-lubricated conditions.
Quail Egg-Based Supplements in Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
Authors: Antonelli Michele , Mazzoleni Elena , Donelli Davide
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of quail egg-based supplements (QES) as an integrative remedy for treating allergic rhinitis. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was conducted up to January 2025 to address the research question. Results: A total of 294 studies were initially identified, with five clinical reports meeting the inclusion criteria. Participant numbers ranged from 40 to 180 (median: 77), with a balanced gender ratio. Four reports focused on allergic rhinitis, and one investigated nonsymptomatic atopic individuals exposed to volatile allergens. The findings suggest that a combination of QES and zinc significantly improves peak nasal inspiratory flow, mucociliary transport time, and symptoms such as rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, itchy nose and eyes, and sneezing in patients with allergic rhinitis. Additionally, QES may reduce the reliance on standard symptomatic medications. The intervention was generally well tolerated, with side effects being rare, mild, and transient; however, QES should be avoided in patients with egg allergies. Conclusions: The reviewed studies indicate that QES with zinc can serve as an effective integrative approach to alleviating symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Further research is recommended to confirm these findings.