bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity among high external input technology farms in a harsh macroeconomic environment of Imo state, Nigeria
Authors: Anyanwu SO
Published: December 2021

The main purpose of this study was to isolate and discuss the determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity in an environment where policy on subsidy of fertilizer is inconsistent. The study examined determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity among HEIT farmers in Imo State, in order to provide information on those variables that play significant roles in determining the aggregate agricultural productivity in an environment where HEIT inputs such as inorganic fertilizer are not subsidized. Cross - sectional data generated from 80 smallholder farmers who practiced HEIT, randomly selected from 2 out of the 3 agricultural zones in Imo State were used. Multiple regressions was used in analyzing the data. Results showed that farm sizes, capital input, number of crops planted in a mixture in the farm, labour input, expenditure on planting materials, non farm income, distance to the nearest market, level of education and farming experience are the statistically significant determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity among HEIT users in a harsh macroeconomic environment of Imo State, Nigeria. The negative sign on man days of labour and expenditure on planting materials may suggest that a reduction in the current level of use of these inputs may increase aggregate agricultural productivity in Imo state. The negative sign associated with non farm income may imply that if more time is allotted to non farm activities less time would be available for allocation to farming activities which may reduce aggregate agricultural productivity. It is, therefore, recommended that appropriate policies be put in place by the government to increase the farm sizes through re-examination of the existing land laws. Credit liberalization in favour of HEIT farmers is expected to increase their labour and capital inputs while mass literacy and increase in extension contacts will increase their level of education. Credit facilities for the smallholder farmers should be skewed in favour of farmers with more years of farming experience and levels of education. Furthermore, improved planting materials should be made available to the HEIT smallholder farmers in the country, if aggregate agricultural productivity is to be increased under the prevailing macroeconomic environment.
Response of nerica and sativa rice lines to nitrogen and phosphorus rates by number of tillers and shoot biomass yield
Authors:   University for Development Studies, Ghana, Apaseku JA , Dowbe W ,   Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana
Published: December 2021

An experiment was conducted at the Savanna Agricultural Research Institute on a Euteric Gleisol on latitude 9 - 25 - 41” N longitude O - 58’ 42”W in the Guinea Savanna Zone of West Africa, Ghana. The objective was to establish the responses of the lowland “New Rice for Africa” (NERICA) and Sativa varieties for recommendation of optimum N and P rates. Six lowland NERICAs, three Oryza sativa and one Oryza glaberima lines were used. Number of tillers/m 2 quadrant and shoot dry biomass /15cm 2 was used to evaluate the P/N response of crop performance. For the dry biomass weight, destructive sampling was done at the 50% flowering stage. The Phosphorus and Nitrogen fertilizers rates were 0, 13, 26 kg P/ha and 0, 30, 60, 120 kg N/ha respectively. Potassium was applied at a uniform rate of 30 kg K 2 O/ha to all plots before planting. The average days of 50% flowering and 80 % maturity of all varieties used, counting from seedling emergence, were 73 to 82 days and 104 to 113 days respectively. There were significant differences on the effect of P and N - levels on shoot – biomass/15 cm 2 quadrant ( p< 0.05 ) but number of tillers/ m 2 quadrant were not ( p > 0.05 ). The interaction of P/N fertilizer levels by variety was highly significant ( p < 0.001 ). Increasing N levels increased biomass and tillers more markedly than increasing P - levels. It was noted that P may have been fixed because available Bray 1 P was not appreciably higher in the 26 kg P/ ha plots than 0 kg P/ha. It could have been due to the oxidation of Iron (II) to Iron (III) resulting in insoluble Iron (III) Phosphate complexes or by formation of complex insoluble Aluminium (III) phosphates. Varieties such as V1, V2, V3, V8 and V9 were responsive to lower P and N inputs such as P0/N0 or P0/N30 and also to moderate inputs such as P13/N30, P26/N30 or P13/N60. Varieties such as, V4, V5 and V6 are not responsive to lower inputs but were very responsive to the higher inputs outlined above. Phosphorus and Nitrogen main plots pool for two years at high input rate, (P26/N60 and P26/N120 ), has no significant advantage over the lower ( P0/N0 or P0/N30, P13/N0, P13/N30 ) and moderate combinations, ( P13/N60, P13/120 ) as regards biomass yields ( p .> 0. 05 ).
A comparison of three public projects that included community participation to determine the total value add
Authors:   University of Johannesburg, Vosloo Christo
Published: December 2021

Some of the most pressing and challenging problems facing South Africa are unemployment, poverty, urban redress, infrastructural decay, under-education, and the transformation of the landscape left by apartheid. In an effort to address these problems, the successive democratic governments embarked on a number of initiatives that were aimed at providing relief through building and construction projects, which require the participation by, and employment of local community members. To facilitate the desired redress, various programmes were launched and a number of projects undertaken. Some of these projects were flagship projects that were lauded by the architectural profession and attracted wide publicity. The socio-economic benefits to the community and local area, the extent of skills transfer to the community participants, and the long-term benefits they brought to the community participants are less obvious. This article revisits three such projects as case studies, with the aim of determining the extent to which they helped address the aforementioned problems and the extent of the benefits they brought to their physical and social contexts. This is done through a literature review supported by semi-structured interviews of relevant role players and an observational visit to each, in order to make recommendations suggesting how future projects could be configured to maximise the long-term benefit they could bring to their physical and social environments while addressing the national challenges. It is recommended that infrastructural development programmes such as the Extended Public Works Programme must prioritise the socio-economic upliftment and sustainable empowerment of people and configure projects with this as their main aim.
The vocabulary learning strategy use of Iranian elementary EFL learners
Authors: Tayyebi Ghasem
Published: December 2021

In order to learn vocabulary efficiently, the utilisation of learning strategies is very important and surely it depends on learners’ attempts. The current study aimed at examining the strategies that Iranian elementary English as a foreign language (EFL) learners adopt for learning English vocabulary. To this end, based on the performance of the participants on the Quick Placement Test, the researcher recruited 100 participants through availability sampling. To determine the strategies that the participants employ for learning English vocabulary, Schmitt’s taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) questionnaire was administered. The findings of the current study indicated that Iranian elementary EFL students were medium VLS users. The social strategy was found as the most frequently used category of strategies, followed by memory, determination, cognitive and metacognitive strategy.
 
Keywords: Language, learning strategies, vocabulary, Iranian, elementary.
Learning styles and vocabulary learning by Iranian undergraduate EFL learners
Authors: Dehghani Ali Panah
Published: December 2021

Each English as a foreign language (EFL) learner may have a particular learning style which may affect the mastering of new language skills and components, one of which is vocabulary. The current study aims to find out the preferred learning style(s) of Iranian undergraduate EFL learners and their achievement in the vocabulary test. Forty-four undergraduate students took part in the study. visual, auditory, reading/writing and kinaesthetic learning style questionnaires and the teacher developed test of vocabulary were used in this study. The validity and reliability of the learning style questionnaire and the teacher developed test of vocabulary were determined. The data were collected and analysed using appropriate statistical analyses including descriptive statistics and one way analysis of variance. The results indicated that the participants were mainly auditory learners. Moreover, it was found that visual and multimodal learners had the best performances on the vocabulary test.
 
Keywords: Learning style, vocabulary learning, undergraduate EFL learners.
Faktor Usia dan Dosis Metformin terhadap Efek Samping pada Penderita DM Tipe 2
Authors: Panamuan Anas Putri Maria Natasya , Untari Eka Kartika , Rizkifani Shoma
Published: December 2021

Metformin obat lini pertama yang direkomendasikan untuk diabetes melitus tipe 2, metformin memiliki efek samping diawal penggunaan. Efek samping obat tidak dapat dikesampingkan karena dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak dalam penggunaan obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor usia dan dosis terhadap risiko efek samping pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu penderita DM 2 yang menggunakan metformin sebagai antidiabetes. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 54 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eklusi. Analisis uji chi square digunakan untuk menghubungkan antara dua variabel. Variabel dari penelitian ini yaitu faktor usia, dosis dan risiko efek samping. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor usia terhadap risiko efek samping dengan p-value 0,033 oods ratio sebesar 6,908, setelah usia 30 tahun mulai terjadi penurunan kemampuan ginjal, sehingga menyebabkan proses eliminasi dari metformin tidak berjalan dengan baik yang menyebabkan terjadinya efek samping. Faktor dosis terhadap risiko efek samping juga memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan p-value 0,000 oods ratio sebesar 20,614, semakin tinggi dosis yang digunakan risiko efek samping akan semakin tinggi karena berhubungan dengan kadar obat dalam darah.
The Geometrization of Maxwell’s Equations and the Emergence of Gravity
Authors: Beach Raymond
Published: December 2021

A recently proposed classical field theory in which Maxwell’s equations are replaced by an equation that couples the Maxwell tensor to the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor in a fundamentally new way is reviewed and extended. This proposed geometrization of the Maxwell tensor provides a succinct framework for the classical Maxwell equations which are left intact as a derivable consequence. Beyond providing a basis for the classical Maxwell equations, the coupling of the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor to the Maxwell tensor leads to the emergence of gravity, with all solutions of the proposed theory also being solutions of Einstein’s equation of General Relativity augmented by a term that can mimic the properties of dark matter and/or dark energy. Both electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena are put an equal footing with both being tied to the curvature of space-time. Using specific solutions to the proposed theory, the unification brought to electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena as well as the consistency of solutions with those of the classical Maxwell and Einstein field equations is emphasized throughout. Unique to the proposed theory and based on specific solutions are the emergence of antimatter and its behavior in gravitational fields, the emergence of dark matter and dark energy mimicking terms in the context of General Relativity, an underlying relationship between electromagnetic and gravitational radiation, and the impossibility of negative mass solutions that would generate repulsive gravitational fields or antigravity. Finally, a method for quantizing the charge, mass, and angular momentum of particle-like solutions as well as the possibility of superluminal transport of specific curvature related quantities is conjectured.
Lanthanum Oxide Obtention from Different Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts
Authors: Alcaraz Lorena , Largo Olga Rodríguez , Alguacil Francisco J. , Montes Margarita Alvarez , Baudín Carmen , López Félix A.
Published: December 2021

An laboratory procedure has been developed to obtain lanthanum oxide from spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst, commonly used in the cracking the heavy crude oil process. Two different spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts, which are mainly formed by silica and alumina, and a certain amount of rare earths were leached under several conditions to recover the rare earth from the solids waste. Subsequently, liquid phases were subjected to a liquid-liquid extraction process, and lanthanum was quantitatively stripped using oxalic acid to obtain the corresponding lanthanum oxalates. After the corresponding thermal treatment, these solids were transformed into lanthanum oxide. Both, lanthanum oxalates and oxides solids have been characterized by wide techniques in order to investigate the purity of the phases.
Deriving Von Koch's inequality without using the Riemann Hypothesis.
Authors: Fujino Seiji
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we derive Von Koch's inequality without using the Riemann Hypothesis. As well known, Von Koch's inequality is equivalent to the Riemann Hypothesis. Namely, we show that the Riemann Hypothesis is true.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Soil Moisture Variation in the Jiangsu Water Supply Area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Using ESA CCI Data
Authors: Wang Yue , Cao Jianjun , Liu Yongjuan , Zhu Ying , Fang xuan , Huang Qing , wagner wolfgang
Published: December 2021

The South-to-North Water Transfer Jiangsu Water Supply Area (JWSA) is a mega inter-basin water transfer area (water source) that provides water resources from JiangHuai, combines drainage and flooding management, and regulates nearby rivers and lakes. Analyzing the spatiotemporal soil moisture dynamics in the area will inform agricultural drought and flood disaster assessment and early warning studies. Therefore, we evaluated the quality of European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil moisture (ESA CCI_SM) data in the South-North Water Transfer JWSA. Then, we used ensemble empirical modal decomposition, Mann-Kendall tests, and regression analysis to study the spatiotemporal variation in soil moisture for the past 29 years. The CCI _SM data showed a high correlation with local soil measurements at nine sites. We then analyzed the CCI_SM data from three pumping stations (the Gaogang, Hongze, and Liushan stations) in the South-North Water Transfer JWSA. These stations had similar periodic characteristics of soil moisture, with significant periodic fluctuations around 3.1 d. The overall soil moisture at the three typical pumping stations showed an increasing trend. We then investigated whether there were abrupt soil moisture changes at each station. The spatial distribution of soil moisture in the South-North Water Transfer JWSA was characterized by “dry north and wet south”, with higher soil moisture in winter, followed by autumn, and low soil moisture in spring and summer. Although the linear trend of soil moisture in the South-North Water Transfer JWSA varied in significance, the overall soil moisture in the JWSA has increased over the past 29 years. The areas with significantly enhanced soil moisture are mainly distributed in the Yangzhou and Huai'an areas in the southeastern part of the study area. The areas with significantly decreased soil moisture are small in size and mainly located in northern Xuzhou.
Optimization of Polymer Processing: A Review (Part II- Molding Technologies)
Authors: Gaspar-Cunha António , Sikora Janusz , Covas José A.
Published: December 2021

The application of optimization techniques to improve the performance of polymer processing technologies is of great practical consequence, since it may result in significant savings of materials and energy resources, assist recycling schemes and generate products with better properties. The present review aims at identifying and discussing the most important characteristics of polymer processing optimization problems in terms of the nature of the objective function, optimization algorithm, and process modelling approach that is used to evaluate the solutions and the parameters to optimize. Taking into account the research efforts developed so far, it is shown that several optimization methodologies can be applied to polymer processing with good results, without demanding important computational requirements. Also, within the field of artificial intelligence, several approaches can be reach significant success. The first part of this review demonstrated the advantages of the optimization approach in polymer processing, discussed some concepts on multi-objective optimization and reported the application of optimization methodologies in single and twin screw extruders, extrusion dies and calibrators. This second part focus on injection molding, blow molding and thermoforming technologies.
Numerical Deformation Analysis of Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Flexural Members
Authors: Bacinskas Darius , Rumsys Deividas , Kaklauskas Gintaris
Published: December 2021

In the modern construction industry, lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) is often used in the production of load-bearing structural members. LWAC can be up to 40% lighter by volume in comparison to normal strength concrete. On the other hand, the lack of adequate numerical models often limits the practical application of innovative building materials, such as lightweight concrete, in real projects. This trend is due to the uncertainties in design standard methods and calculation errors, the level of which is generally unacceptable to civil engineers in terms of safety and reliability. In the present paper, a comparative numerical deformation analysis of a full-scale bridge deck slab and girder has been carried out. Using the physical model proposed by the authors and the finite element software ATENA, the deformations of full–scale lightweight and traditional reinforced concrete elements under short-term effects of permanent and variable loads was compared. Depending on the safety and serviceability limit requirements, it was found that the amount of longitudinal reinforcement in lightweight reinforced concrete elements can be reduced compared to normal reinforced concrete elements with the same parameters. The results of the numerical analysis show that the deformation analysis model proposed by the authors can be a reliable tool for the design of lightweight concrete flexural members by selecting the optimum geometrical and reinforcement parameters limited by the stiffness condition.
Azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and Their Condensed Analogs with Anticoagulant Activity
Authors: Savateev Konstantin V. , Fedotov Victor V. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Kotovskaya Svetlana K. , Spasov Alexandr A. , Kucheryavenko Aida F. , Vasiliev Pavel M. , Kosolapov Vadim A. , Sirotenko Victor S. , Gaidukova Kseniya A. , Uskov Georgiy M.
Published: December 2021

Hypercytokinemia, or cytokine storm, is one of the severe complications of viral and bacterial infections, involving the release of abnormal amounts of cytokines, resulting in a massive inflammatory response. Cytokine storm is associated with COVID-19 and sepsis high mortality rate by developing epithelial dysfunction and coagulopathy, leading to thromboembolism and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The anticoagulant therapy is an important tactic to prevent thrombosis in sepsis and COVID-19, but recent data show the incompatibility of modern direct oral anticoagulants and antiviral agents. It seems relevant to develop dual-action drugs with antiviral and anticoagulant properties. At the same time it was shown that azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are heterocycles with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. We have synthesized a new family of azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and their condensed polycyclic analogs by cyclocondensation reactions and direct CH-functionalization and studied their anticoagulant properties. Five compounds among 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones and 5-alkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]purin-8-ones demonstrated higher anticoagulant activity than the reference drug, dabigatran etexilate. Antithrombin activity of lead compounds was confirmed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated blood to mimic conditions of cytokine release syndrome. The studied compounds affected only the thrombin time value, reliably increasing it 6.5–15.2 times as compared to LPS-treated blood.
Computer Simulations of Deep Eutectic Solvents. Challenges, Solutions, and Perspectives
Authors: Tolmachev Dmitry , Lukasheva Natalia , Ramazanov Ruslan , Nazarychev Victor , Borzdun Natalia , Volgin Igor , Andreeva Maria , Glova Artyom , Melnikova Sofia , Dobrovskiy Alexey , Silber Steven A. , Larin Sergey , de Souza Rafael Maglia , Ribeiro Mauro Carlos Costa , Lyulin Sergey , Karttunen Mikko
Published: December 2021

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are one of the most rapidly evolving types of solvents, appearing in a broad range of applications such as nanotechnology, electrochemistry, biomass transformation, pharmaceuticals, membrane technology, biocomposite development, modern 3D-printing, and many others. The range of their applicability continues to expand, which demands the development of new DESs with improved properties. To do so requires an understanding of the fundamental relationship between the structure and properties of DESs. Computer simulation and machine learning techniques provide a fruitful approach as they can provide predictions, reveal physical mechanisms and readily be linked to experiments. This review is devoted to the computational research of DESs and describes technical features of DES simulations and the corresponding perspectives on various DES applications. The aim is to demonstrate the current frontiers of computational research of DESs and discuss future perspectives.
Practice of educational technologies application whitnin humanitarian disciplines training at Tyumen Industrial University
Authors: Ivanova Natalia Leonidovna , Belov Dmitriy Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2021

This article examines the use of modern educational technologies in the practice of the branch of the Tyumen Industrial University in the city of Surgut. The purpose of the study is to determine a number of educational technologies used in the TIU branch in Surgut. The methodology included generalization of reference and scientific literature, questionnaires, qualitative and quantitative analysis. The study included three stages. At the first stage, reference and scientific literature was summarized to determine the concept and main directions of modern education technologies. At the second stage, the experience of using modern teaching technologies in the practice of TIU branch in the city of Surgut is presented. At the third stage, a survey of students was conducted in order to identify the effectiveness of the introduction of modern educational technologies into the practice of the Tyumen Industrial University. The study was carried out on the basis of the branch of Tyumen Industrial University in the city of Surgut, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. 70 respondents aged 18 to 22 took part in the study, of which 48 were males and 22 were females. The survey participants are various first, second and third year students. Before the survey, all students gave their verbal consent to the study, there were no people who refused to participate. After students assessed educational technologies at the university on a scale from 1 to 10, the following results were obtained: 5.7%. (4 people) of the respondents believe that all the conditions for the use of modern technologies already exist, 37.1% (26 people) rated it at 8-9 points, the majority of 52.9% (37 people) of the respondents gave a rating of 6- 7, 4.3% (3 people) gave a rating of 4-5, and none of the respondents rated the conditions for the use of modern teaching technologies at TIU as low 1-3. The number of respondents' answers in favor of each of the presented technologies was distributed as follows: 97.1% of respondents met with the design method, 84.3% with modular rating technology, 71.4% with interactive technology, 45.7% with gaming technology, 38 , 6% with the technology of problem learning, 35.7% with the technology of case learning, 20.0% with the technology of developing education. The authors came to the conclusion that among the promising technologies used in the university, it should be noted interactive (58.9%), problem-project (42.9%), modular-rating learning technologies (37.1%).
SUKUK AND ISLAMIC BANKING FINANCING : HOW THE IMPACT FOR REAL SECTOR ?
Authors: Trianto Budi , Masrizal Masrizal
Published: December 2021

Indonesia continues to strive to develop Islamic finance especially its Islamic banking and sukuk to support the real sector. The growth of Islamic finance in Indonesia is expected to encourage the development of the national economy. This study aims to investigate the impact of Islamic banking financing and sukuk financing on Indonesia’s industrial output. Applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) framework to monthly data from January 2011 to December 2018, we find   Islamic bank financing to contribute positively to the real sector  in both the long and short term. In addition, we also document positive long run contribution of sukuk financing to industrial output . Indeed, over the long run, sukuk financing tends to have a greater real impact than Islamic banking financing. The results of the study implies that Islamic banking and sukuk play a vital role in supporting the real sector in Indonesia.  Accordingly, recent initiatives by Indonesia to further develop its Islamic finance are steps in the right direction.
An Artificial Neural Network Developed in MATLAB-Simulink for Reconstruction a Distorted Secondary Current Waveform. Part 1
Authors: Rumiantsev Yu. V. , Romaniuk F. A.
Published: December 2021

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the use of artificial neural networks in various branches of the electric power industry including relay protection. Аrtificial neural networks are one of the fastest growing areas in artificial intelligence technology. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the use of аrtificial neural networks in the electric power engineering, including relay protection. Existing microprocessor-based relay protection devices use a traditional digital signal processing of the monitored signals which is reduced to a multiplying the values of successive samples of the monitored current and voltage signals by predetermined coefficients in order to calculate their RMS values. In this case, the calculated RMS values often do not reflect the real processes occurring in the protected electrical equipment due to, for example, current transformer saturation because of the DC component presence in the fault current. When the current transformer is saturated, its secondary current waveform has a characteristic non-periodic distorted form, which is significantly differs from its primary (true) waveform, which causes underestimation of the calculated RMS value of the secondary current compared to its true value. In its turn, this causes to a trip time delay or even to a relay protection devices operation failure. The use of аrtificial neural networks in conjunction with a traditional digital signal processing provides a different approach to the functioning of both the measuring and logical parts of the microprocessor-based relay protection devices, which significantly increases the speed and reliability of such relay protection devices in comparison with their traditional implementation. A possible application of the аrtificial neural networks for the relay protection purposes is the fault occurrence detection and its type identification, current transformer secondary current waveform distortion restoration due to its saturation up to its true value, detection the distorted and undistorted sections of the current transformer secondary current waveform during its saturation, primary power equipment abnormal operating modes detection, for example, power transformer magnetizing current inrush. The article describes in detail the stages of the practical implementation of the аrtificial neural networks in the MATLAB-Simulink environment by the example of its use to restore the distorted current transformer secondary current waveform due to saturation.
Fuel Consumption of Wheeled Vehicle and Transportation Costs during Highway Construction/Reconstruction
Authors: Leontiev D. N. , Ihnatenko A. V. , Synkovska O. V. , Ryzhikh L. A. , Smirnova N. V. , Aleksandrov Yu. V. , Rudenko N. V.
Published: December 2021

A method is proposed for determining the fuel consumption of a wheeled vehicle depending on its speed, road surface flatness and road slope in the longitudinal direction. The purpose of the research is to derive mathematical relationships for calculating the fuel consumption of vehicles, which is one of the transport cost factors during the construction/reconstruction or overhaul of a highway. The proposed polynomial dependencies for calculating fuel in addition to vehicle speed, road surface flatness and its longitudinal slope take into account the mass-dimensional parameters of vehicles involved in road traffic. New mathematical relationships between the speed of wheeled vehicles, road surface flatness and longitudinal road slope allow to simulate the change in the value of fuel consumption of a wheeled vehicle when the speed of traffic flow or the slope of the road surface changes in the forward or reverse direction of the vehicle. In a graphic way, the influence of the pavement slope on the value of fuel consumption, both loaded and unloaded wheeled vehicle is presented. When determining transport costs associated with the highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul it is proposed to use empirical mathematical relationships, which make it possible to obtain fuel consumption with an accuracy of 5 % and save up to 15 % of budget (private) investments. The analysis of scientific publications of the existing approach determine the transport costs associated with highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul. The presented method for determining the fuel consumption of wheeled vehicles with small and large loading capacity increases the accuracy of determining transportation costs and reduces the level of financial costs for highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul.
Bay' Al-Inah dalam Pemikiran Imam Syafi’i dan Imam Malik
Authors: Pamungkas Muchtar Wahyudi , Huda Miftahul
Published: December 2021

This research is motivated by the fact that many people still do not understand the concept of buying and selling, primarily buying and selling bay' al inah. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide an understanding to the public about the concept of buying and selling bay' al inah, starting from the transaction procedures to the legal basis of this sale and purchase according to Imam Syafi'i in al-Umm and Imam Malik in al-Muwatta'. This writing uses descriptive qualitative research. To obtain data using a library approach (library research). Data collection techniques are carried out by collecting and reviewing research literature and other data sources relevant to the discussion. The data analysis used is a descriptive qualitative technique, describing and explaining the data of the object of research and comparative analysis, namely looking for points of similarities, differences and the specificity of the thoughts of 2 figures. From this research, it can be concluded that Imam Syafi'i in al-Umm allows this buying and selling because the pillars and conditions are fulfilled, namely, there are buyers, sellers, goods being traded and contracted or consented to. Meanwhile, according to Imam Malik in al-Muwat}t}a', this sale and purchase are declared invalid because there will be an element of Sadd al-Dhari'ah, namely that there will be a lousy purpose from the sale and purchase. This goal leads to prohibited acts, namely usury. Riba here occurs because the prices are different from the two buying and selling.
Efektivitas Mediasi dalam Penanganan Perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Ponorogo
Authors: Aswaty Yulia , Safira Martha Eri
Published: December 2021

Every civil case in court must be resolved through mediation first. As technology develops, PERMA No. 1 of 2016 concerning mediation provides an option for parties who cannot attend in-person to carry out audio-visual mediation. The purpose of this study was to find out how the implementation and effectiveness of direct and audio-visual mediation in the settlement of divorce cases in PA Ponorogo and what factors were supporting and inhibiting its effectiveness. This is an empirical study that employs a qualitative approach. data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation, while the analysis uses inductive analysis. From this study, it was concluded that in divorce cases in PA Ponorogo, direct mediation was more effective than audio-visual. Factors supporting the effectiveness of direct mediation are the ability of a mediator and a reliable legal representative; the existence of legal awareness; the existence of good faith; and the existence of legal knowledge of the parties. Then there are the supporting factors of audio-visual mediation, which are adequate facilities, informative and educative communication of attorneys to their clients, good faith and legal knowledge of the parties, and the agreed schedule. While the inhibiting factors of the two mediation models are the panel of judges' policies, inadequate facilities, time zone differences, and the emotions of the parties.
Kriteria Kelayakan Pos Observasi Bulan (POB) Rukyah Al-Hilal
Authors: Ahsani Muhammad Furqon , Maliha Novi Fitia
Published: December 2021

This research was motivated by the implementation of rukyatul hilal conducted by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Ponorogo Regency. The BHR team of Ministry of Religious Affair in the field encountered several obstacles, namely the difficulty of seeing hilal due to natural factors. The goal in this study was to explain how the criteria of a place could be said to be feasible to look at hilal. There are various things related to the implementation of rukyat al-hilal that must be considered. This aims so that the implementation can run smoothly and can also successfully see the hilal. Because there are many factors that have been behind the absence of hilal. This research uses this type of field research. The approach used is quality. Based on the results of this research analysis resulted in findings, that carrying out hilal rukyatul activities must pay attention to various aspects of both infrastructure facilities and environmental conditions where to be used as lunar observation posts (POB). This is because not every place can be used to see hilal so there needs to be a review of every place that is expected to be possible to see hilal. Basically the place to see hilal must meet various eligibility criteria as a place for hilal rukyatul.
Temperature Dependence of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Time in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Shao Wei , Chen Songhua , Hursan Gabor , Ma Shouxiang
Published: December 2021

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based interpretation models are commonly calibrated using laboratory ambient core NMR measurements. For applying the core calibrated models to downhole NMR logging interpretation, the difference between the NMR responses measured at ambient and reservoir temperature needs to be evaluated. The temperature dependence of NMR relaxation time in high-quality (HQ) carbonate reservoirs has been studied, and NMR temperature dependence models were established using data analytic methods. In this paper, we extend our early studies on temperature dependence of NMR relaxation time to low-quality (LQ) carbonate formations.

For more than 95% of the LQ samples investigated, NMR relaxation time shows a positive correlation with temperature. The correlation is similar to that observed in HQ carbonate rocks but slightly less significant. Temperature-dependent correlations for predicting the geometric mean of NMR transverse relaxation time (T2,GM) from a measured temperature to any other temperature were derived from HQ to LQ carbonate rocks independently first, then a unified T2,GM correlation was derived including both the HQ and LQ carbonate reservoirs. Predicting NMR transverse relaxation time T2 distribution from one temperature to other temperatures was achieved using a dimension reduction approach involving the principal component analysis (PCA) technique. It was found that the T2 distributions at any given temperature for both HQ and LQ carbonate reservoirs can be predicted robustly from the T2 distributions at the ambient temperature by representing the T2 distributions with principal components (PCs) at the ambient temperature and then using these PCs to predict the PCs at a different temperature. The optimal number of PC components depends on the multimodality of the T2 distribution.

This work extends the validity range of the data analytic methods, in particular parameter and dimension reduction methods, that quantify the temperature dependence of carbonate NMR properties. The new NMR temperature model enables the integration of NMR laboratory studies and downhole measurements for advanced petrophysical analyses in a wide range of carbonate reservoirs.
Wellbore Integrity: An Integrated Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate Pore Pressure Variation during Cement Hardening under Downhole Conditions
Authors: Zhang Weicheng , Eckert Andreas , Hilgedick Steven , Goodman Harvey , Meng Meng
Published: December 2021

Understanding the cement hardening process and determining the development of the state of stress in the cement under specific downhole conditions are challenging but fundamental requirements to perform an accurate prediction of wellbore integrity. As an essential component of the state of stress, the temporal variation of cement pore pressure is a critical factor that affects the occurrence of cement failure. In this study, we present a novel laboratory setup to measure the cement pore pressure variation during hardening under representative downhole conditions, including the pressure, temperature, and water exchange between the cement and formation. The pore pressure measurements are further incorporated with a staged finite element analysis (FEA) approach to investigate the state of stress development during cement hardening and to evaluate cement failure under different operations and after different wait-on-cement (WOC) periods. The laboratory measurements show that the external water supply from the formation significantly impedes the pore pressure drop in the cement. The numerical results indicate that the accelerated pore pressure decrease obtained without considering downhole conditions elevates the contact pressure at the cement-formation interfaces significantly and moderately increases the von Mises stress in the cement. The numerical results further predict that the accelerated pore pressure decrease leads to an overestimation of shear failure during pressure testing and steamflooding operations but an underestimation of debonding failure during severe fluid loss and injection-related cooling processes. Based on the results of the integrated laboratory and numerical approach, qualitative and quantitative suggestions are provided for field operations to inhibit wellbore integrity risk during the wellbore life cycle.
A simplified method for generating human inner ear organoids from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zhang Jingyuan , Valk Wouter van der , Steinhart Matthew , Koehler Karl
Published: December 2021

The inner ear detects sound, head movements, and gravity using specialized epithelial cells and neurons. Decreased function in these cells can lead to hearing loss and dizziness. Inner ear disorders impact millions worldwide; however, current therapeutic options are limited. While animal models are a powerful system to assess auditory and vestibular dysfunction, in vitro inner ear models are gaining importance in translational research. Here, we provide a stepwise approach for generating inner ear organoids (IEOs), which contain supporting cells, hair cells, and neurons. Our differentiation regimen, using defined medium components and diluted extracellular matrix proteins, guides a 3D spheroid of pluripotent stem cells into otic progenitor cells by mimicking the environmental cues that occur during fetal development. Control of the TGF and BMP pathways early in the culture, promotes patterning of the spheroid, with an outer layer of surface ectoderm and an inner core of neuroectoderm. Later, FGF activation and BMP inhibition induce placode formation in the outer layer and neural crest cell migration from the core. These two cell lineages co-develop into otic vesicle-like structures surrounded by a layer of mesenchymal, neuronal, and glial cells that can be maintained in culture for over 100 days. The IEOs described in this protocol are a promising tool for otology research.
Development of a Framework for the Implementation of Synchronous Digital Mental Health: A Realist Synthesis of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Alarcon-Ruiz Christoper A. , Melendez-Torres GJ , Torres-Puente Roberto , Navarro-Flores Alba , Cavero Victoria , Ambrosio-Melgarejo Juan , Rojas-Vargas Jefferson , Almeida Guillermo , Albitres-Flores Leonardo , Romero-Cabrera Alejandra B. , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff
Published: December 2021

Background: The use of technologies has served to reduce gaps in access to treatment and digital health interventions show promise in the care of mental health problems. However, to understand what and how these interventions work, it's imperative to document the aspects related to their challenging implementation. Objective: To determine what evidence is available for synchronous digital mental health implementation and develop a framework, informed by a realist review, to explain what makes digital mental health interventions work for people with mental health problems.Methods: The SPIDER framework was used to develop the following review question: What makes digital mental health interventions with a synchronous component work on people with mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, or stress, based on implementation, economic, quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies? MEDLINE, EBM Reviews, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science databases from 1st January 2015 to September 2020 were searched. Realist synthesis analysis allowed for developing a framework on the implementation of synchronous digital mental health using a grounded theory approach with an emergent approach.Results: 21 systematic reviews were included in the study. The realist synthesis allowed the development of three hypotheses to identify the context and mechanisms in which these interventions achieve these outcomes: Hypothesis 1: These interventions reach populations otherwise unable to have access because they do not require the physical presence of the therapist nor the patient, thereby tackling geographic barriers posed by in-person therapy. Hypothesis 2: These interventions reach populations otherwise unable to have access because they can be successfully delivered by non-specialists, which makes them more cost-effective to implement in health services. Hypothesis 3: These interventions are acceptable and show good results in satisfaction, because they require less need of disclosure and provide more privacy, comfortability, and participation, enabling the establishment of rapport with the therapist.Conclusion: We developed a framework with three hypotheses that explain what makes digital mental health interventions with a synchronous component work on people with mental health problems. Each hypothesis represented essential outcomes in the implementation process.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD420203811).
Key Time Points After Bariatric Surgery, From Weight Loss To Weight Regain: Long-Term Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hatami Mahsa , Pazouki Abdolreza , Hosseini-Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat , Kabir Ali
Published: December 2021

Background and Objective:

Bariatric surgery may lead to an unsuccessful weight loss, weight loss plateau, and even weight regain in different time points after various types of surgery. Despite the numerous studies investigated bariatric surgery-induced weight loss, the long-term results of surgery, after repetitive weight fluctuations, is not really clear and remains as one of the most important concerns. The aim of the present study was to determine the key time points of weight changes after three types of bariatric surgery, and the estimation of five-year weight loss after surgery.
Setting:

This is a retrospective cohort study including patients with morbid obesity conducted in the obesity clinic of Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods

The subjects underwent one of the three types of bariatric surgeries including laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) which had been followed up to five years after surgery. The percentage lost to follow-up was 34% until five-year after surgery.
Results

The mean %EWL a total of 2567 morbid obese participants (mean age=39.03, mean BMI=45.67) in the first six months after surgery was independent of the type of surgery. Ninth and 24th month after surgery were the times that OAGB and then RYGB induced weight loss sped up rather than LSG, respectively. Weight plateau and weight regain were initiated earlier (at 18th month) and more (18.23% of maximum EWL %) in LSG in the period of five years. The %EWL in time intervals of 3-6, 6-9, and 9-12 months after LSG, RYGB, and OAGB, respectively; could estimate the long-term five years %EWL after surgery.
Conclusion

OAGB provides the fastest and highest %EWL, and LSG induced the earliest and most weight plateau and weight regain during five years interval post-surgery. The pattern of early weight loss could predict the long-term outcome of bariatric surgery. So early identification of suboptimal weight loss could allow consideration of earlier postoperative intervention to enhance long-term weight loss.