bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Urgent Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Following Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sherif Abdelhamid Fathi , Ghalwash Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Background: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) significantly reduces patient survival, a condition that is essential for the optimization of results and the restoration of effective vascular flow multivessel coronary artery disease, Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is frequently contemplated. In the aftermath of NSTEMI, the objective of this investigation is to assess the results of urgent CABG, to prioritize risk stratification through the use of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score
Methods: An analysis of 60 consecutive patients who underwent emergent CABG following NSTEMI was conducted retrospectively. Data on patients were obtained from a prospectively compiled database, and the GRACE score was implemented to evaluate the probability of mortality. Patients were divided into three risk categories: low (<10%), intermediate (10-19%), and high (≥20%), based on their predicted mortality percentages.
Results: Patients in the high-risk group (Group 3) exhibited significantly lower Euro Scores and ejection fractions (EF) than those in the low and intermediate groups, as demonstrated by the study. Additionally, the cross-clamp time was notably longer in Group 3, highlighting the urgency of intervention in this population The postoperative complications' overall incidence did not differ significantly between the groups. Even though Group 3 exhibited an increased in-hospital mortality rate.
Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of timely intervention and tailored management strategies for NSTEMI patients, more specifically, the individuals who have been classified as high-risk by the GRACE score. This study contributes to the growing body of literature supporting urgent CABG as a lifesaving procedure and emphasizes the need for further research to optimize outcomes in this vulnerable patient population. The results advocate for a multidisciplinary approach to enhance perioperative care and improve survival rates among NSTEMI patients undergoing CABG.
In vitro Antiviral Activity of Eucheuma cottonii against New Castle Disease Virus
Authors: Begum Sartaz , Mleke Mfaume
Published: November 2024

Aims: To determine the antiviral activity of Eucheuma cottonii against the New Castle disease virus.
Study Design: In vitro study.
Place and Duration of the Study: The research was conducted in the Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Design, and Pharmacognosy department at St. John’s University of Tanzania and Virology Laboratory at Sokoine University of Agriculture between April 2022 and August 2022.
Methodology: The present study used an OVO assay and hemagglutination test to investigate the In vitro antiviral activity of E. cottonii collected from Zanzibar, Tanzania, against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Ovo assay was assessed using 60 embryonated eggs and a hemagglutination test was performed by collecting the allantoic fluid from treated eggs and serum from hatched chicks to detect antigen titer against NDV using 96 well plate diffusion method.
Results: Results of the Ovo assay showed that all the 40 embryonated eggs used as test group were alive and thus confirmed that the extract of E. cottonii (0.32 g/mL) is strong enough to destroy the virus. In which the results from the serial dilution assay (hemagglutination test) confirmed a substantial decrease in the high level of NDV as observed in the allantoic fluid of the infected embryonated eggs to range from 10^-3 to 10^-8 serial dilutions.
Conclusion: The OVO assay and hemagglutination results indicate that E. cottonii possesses antiviral activity against NDV. Still further studies like isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds are needed to apply E. cottonii as an alternative source of therapy to fight against NDV.
Ragi Revolution: Enhancing Dietary Practices through Nutritional Education and Local Food Systems Implementation
Authors: Sinha Jyoti , Kumari Chanchila , Srivastava A K , Kumar Manish , Singh Bhoopendra
Published: November 2024

Ragi (Eleusine coracana), commonly known as finger millet, is a nutrient-rich cereal that remains underutilized in modern diets despite its high calcium, iron, and dietary fiber content. This examines how ready-to-eat ragi-based supplementary foods, combined with effective nutrition education, can drive behavioral changes to incorporate ragi into daily diets and local food systems. The increasing availability of ready-to-eat ragi products offers an accessible solution for improving nutrition, but challenges remain in terms of consumer acceptance due to unfamiliarity and taste preferences. This paper focuses on the role of nutrition education in reshaping dietary behaviour, emphasizing case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of targeted interventions in promoting ragi consumption. Additionally, it explores strategies for integrating ragi into public nutrition programs and sustainable food systems, highlighting the importance of community-driven efforts and public-private partnerships. The review also discusses the role of policy support and multi-stakeholder collaboration in fostering ragi’s cultivation and incorporation into local food systems. By examining behavioural change strategies such as social marketing and culturally sensitive approaches, this paper presents a roadmap for promoting ragi as a key component of sustainable diets and public health interventions.
The Prevalence and Pattern of Risky Sexual Behaviour among Secondary School Adolescents in Yenagoa Local Government Area, Nigeria
Authors: Gregory Frances , Joboy-Okei Evi , Peterside Oliemen
Published: November 2024

Aim: To determine the prevalence, pattern and socio-demographic factors associated with risky sexual behaviour (RSB) among adolescents in secondary schools in Yenagoa LGA, Bayelsa state.
Study Design: A cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and duration: Yenagoa Local Government Area in Bayelsa state. The study was conducted in March/April 2021.
Methodology: The study utilized self-administered questionnaires among 750 secondary school adolescents selected via multistage sampling. The proportion of adolescents with RSB and the socio-demographic determinants of RSB were analysed using Chi-square test and binary logistic regression with significance level set at p-value=0.05. 
Results: Of the 739 responses analysed, the prevalence of RSB was 156 (21.1%) and the mean age at sexual debut was 13.42±2.62 years. All sexually exposed adolescents had an early sexual debut, 23.7% had multiple sexual partners, and 98.1% reported inconsistent use of condoms. Transactional sex and sexual intercourse after alcohol/illicit drug use occurred in 56.4% and 15.4% of them, respectively. The predictors of RSB were attending a public school (AOR:2.046, 95%CI:1.243 to 3.368), peer pressure (AOR:10.451, 95%CI:6.460 to 16.909), difficulty in communicating with mother (AOR:2.050, 95%CI:1.203 to 3.493) and low maternal education (primary:AOR:2.834, 95%CI:1.300 to 6.181; and secondary: AOR:2.067, 95%CI:1.139 to 3.753). However, age below 18years (10-13years: AOR:0.194, 95%CI:0.051 to 0.741 and 14-17years: AOR:0.259, 95% CI:0.081 to 0.832) was protective of RSB. 
Conclusion: RSB is high among adolescents attending secondary schools in Yenagoa. Sex education, peer-based programmes and parent-adolescent communications should be encouraged to reduce the prevalence of RSB among adolescents.
Evaluation of Capital Utilization Efficiency in Agricultural Listed Firms Based on a Three-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Liu Siqi , Zhu Yingqing , Jing Weimiao , Zhu Zhiwen
Published: November 2024

Rural revitalization is intricately tied to national prosperity, with listed companies in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries playing pivotal roles in driving this transformative agenda. However, these sectors face critical challenges, notably resource constraints and environmental pressures, which underscore the necessity of evaluating capital utilization efficiency. This study employs a combined three-stage DEA model and Malmquist index to analyze capital utilization efficiency across 85 listed companies within China’s agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery industries over the period 2018–2022. The primary objectives are to quantify capital utilization efficiency, identify pathways for industry optimization, advance ecological agricultural sustainability, and offer valuable insights to investors and policymakers. Key findings include: (1) When grouped by sub-sector and adjusted to account for external environmental factors and random disturbances, the initial comprehensive capital utilization efficiency in agricultural companies was found to be significantly overestimated. Subsequent third-stage adjustments revealed decreases in average comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency by 29.79%, 3.03%, and 27.37%, respectively, largely driven by a marked decline in scale efficiency, ultimately diminishing overall efficiency. (2) The capital utilization efficiency in agricultural trading firms remains suboptimal, with scale efficiency posing a critical limitation. High dependency on government subsidies and excess specialized personnel further constrain efficiency improvements. (3) Dynamic analysis using the DEA-Malmquist model indicates low total factor productivity in the agricultural sub-sector, primarily due to inefficiencies in capital management and suboptimal scale allocation. These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to enhance resource allocation and management, bolster talent development and financial management frameworks, and drive technological research and development, innovation, and efficient capital allocation across the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery sectors.
Adoption of Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana by Farmers in Bikaner District of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Chauhan Laksheeta , Kaur Manmeet , Bunkar Ramesh Chand
Published: November 2024

India's diverse heritage and rich culture are well-known throughout the world. When time passed and the population suddenly increased, farmers were obliged to utilise various agro-chemicals to feed the large population, even though they had previously grown a variety of crops without the use of these pesticides. In Bikaner district of Rajasthan state, coarse cereals are mostly grown without using any chemicals because Bikaner is a water scarce area and prone to crop failure hence farmer generally does not spend so much money on chemicals like fertilizers, insecticide-pesticides, herbicides etc. Looking to the virginity of land, the Rajasthan government has launched the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) in this district. As a result, the greatest numbers of clusters under PKVY were developed during 2015-18. Thus, the study was carried out in the purposely chosen Bikaner District of Rajasthan state in order to gauge the respondents' level of adoption of PKVY. There are eight tehsils in the Bikaner district; three tehsils, Nokha, Sridungarhgarh, and Bikaner, were specifically chosen for the current study due to the maximum number of clusters formed under PKVY. A total of 180 respondents, out of which 90 beneficiary who were registered in PKVY selected by using proportionate random sampling method and to constitute the other half of sample size same number of farmers i.e. 90 were also selected randomly from the same villages who have not registered in PKVY and they were called as non-beneficiary respondents included in the current investigation. The results of the study concluded that majority of the respondents had medium level of extent of adoption of PKVY in the study area. They had highest extent of adoption on the aspect of “nutrient management” and least extent of adoption of “technical knowledge”. There was significant association found between education, mass media exposure, information seeking behaviour, information sharing behaviour and knowledge of respondents about PKVY.
A pan‐cancer atlas of cancer hallmark‐associated candidate driver lncRNAs
Authors: Deng Yulan , Luo Shangyi , Zhang Xinxin , Zou Chaoxia , Yuan Huating , Liao Gaoming , Xu Liwen , Deng Chunyu , Lan Yujia , Zhao Tingting , Gao Xu , Xiao Yun , Li Xia
Published: September 2018

Substantial cancer genome sequencing efforts have discovered many important driver genes contributing to tumorigenesis. However, very little is known about the genetic alterations of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer. Thus, there is a need for systematic surveys of driver lncRNAs. Through integrative analysis of 5918 tumors across 11 cancer types, we revealed that lncRNAs have undergone dramatic genomic alterations, many of which are mutually exclusive with well‐known cancer genes. Using the hypothesis of functional redundancy of mutual exclusivity, we developed a computational framework to identify driver lncRNAs associated with different cancer hallmarks. Applying it to pan‐cancer data, we identified 378 candidate driver lncRNAs whose genomic features highly resemble the known cancer driver genes (e.g. high conservation and early replication). We further validated the candidate driver lncRNAs involved in ‘Tissue Invasion and Metastasis’ in lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer, and also highlighted their potential roles in improving clinical outcomes. In summary, we have generated a comprehensive landscape of cancer candidate driver lncRNAs that could act as a starting point for future functional explorations, as well as the identification of biomarkers and lncRNA‐based target therapy.
Identification of reference genes for circulating long noncoding RNA analysis in serum of cervical cancer patients
Authors: Iempridee Tawin , Wiwithaphon Suphachai , Piboonprai Kitiya , Pratedrat Pornpitra , Khumkhrong Phattharachanok , Japrung Deanpen , Temisak Sasithon , Laiwejpithaya Somsak , Chaopotong Pattama , Dharakul Tararaj
Published: September 2018

Circulating lncRNAs have attracted considerable attention as potential noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing cancers. RT‐qPCR is the canonical technique for detecting circulating RNA and depends largely on stable reference genes for data normalization. However, no systematic evaluation of reference genes for serum lncRNA has been reported for cervical cancer. Here, we profiled and validated lncRNA expression from serum of cervical cancer patients and controls using microarrays and RT‐qPCR. We identified lncRNA RP11‐204K16.1, XLOC_012542, and U6 small nuclear RNA as the most stable reference genes based on geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, delta Ct, and RefFinder. These genes were suitable also for samples from different age groups or with hemolysis. Additionally, we discovered lncRNA AC017078.1 and XLOC_011152 as candidate biomarkers, whose expression was down‐regulated in cervical cancer. Our findings could aid research on circulating lncRNA and the discovery of blood‐based biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis.
Quantitative analysis of sensitivity to a Wnt3a gradient in determination of the pole‐to‐pole axis of mitotic cells by using a microfluidic device
Authors: Hiraiwa Takumi , Nakai Yuichiro , Yamada Takahiro G. , Tanimoto Ryuichi , Kimura Hiroshi , Matsumoto Yoshinori , Miki Norihisa , Hiroi Noriko , Funahashi Akira
Published: September 2018

Proper determination of the cell division axis is essential during development. Wnt3a is a known regulator of the cell division axis; however, the sensitivity of cells to Wnt3a signalling and its role in determining the cell division axis have not been measured to date. To address this gap, we took advantage of the asymmetric distribution of outer dense fibre 2 (ODF2/cenexin) proteins on centrosomes in dividing cells. To precisely quantify the sensitivity of cells to Wnt3a signalling, we developed a microfluidic cell culture device, which can produce a quantitative gradient of signalling molecules. We confirmed that mitotic SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells could detect a 2.5 ~ 5 × 10−3 nm·μm−1 Wnt3a concentration gradient and demonstrated that this gradient is sufficient to affect the determination of the pole‐to‐pole axis of cell division during the later stages of mitosis.
Chassis Modeling and Optimization by the Advanced Method
ABE
Authors: Albers Ingo
Published: September 2018

The design of suspensions for cars is mostly driven by experience. The other method is to use a commercially available simulation tool, which delivers the characteristic data of a suspension, defined by connection points and elasticities. The user is not really involved in the solution of the problem. This chapter gives hints for a rather simple method to find reasonable chassis designs with short computational efforts. There are equations available, which can be solved with Excel on a normal
PC
. Even elastic suspension parts can be regarded and the effects of tolerances can be evaluated. The chapter gives guidance for setting up such simple simulation programs. For more detailed information, the literature may be used.
Micro, Mild, and Full Hybrids
Authors: Pels Thomas , Kaup Carsten
Published: September 2018

This article classifies hybrid vehicles into micro, mild and full hybrids based on powertrain functionalities. All hybrid powertrain functions can be allocated to three functional groups: Energy management, torque management and electric propulsion. Micro hybrid functionalities are related to energy management only whereas mild hybrids cover energy management and torque management. Powertrain functions out of all three groups are relevant for full hybrids. The basic functionalities are described in detail and examples of various hybrid powertrain architectures are outlined. This incorporates parallel, serial and power split configurations. Finally the impact of the architecture and the technical solution on the classification of hybrids is discussed.
EVPowertrain Parameters
Authors: Chau K.T.
Published: September 2018

The electric vehicle (EV) powertrain is fundamentally different from the internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) powertrain. It is mainly due to the difference in the production of driving force, one is from the electric motor and one is from the combustion engine. Thus, the parameters of theEVpowertrain cannot inherit from theICEVpowertrain. As the electric motor is the key component of theEVpowertrain, the parameters of the electric motor can be extended to the wholeEVpowertrain. Additionally, as the electric motor requirements forEVpropulsion are very different from that for industrial application, some parameters of the electric motor are unique toEVpowertrain such as the efficiency map, the intermittent power, and the driving‐cycle power.
Energy Management System ofEVs
Authors: Komatsu Masayuki
Published: September 2018

This chapter describes the importance of electric vehicle (EV) energy management systems and outlines their key components.
Traction DriveCVT
Authors: Tanaka Hirohisa
Published: September 2018

Traction driveCVTtransmits tangential force through glass‐transitioned thin film by applying highly pressurized contact force. Scientific approaches for estimating traction force, sideslip force for speed ratio change, and spin on the patch are described using traction fluid rheological model; features of full‐ and half‐toroidalCVTsare compared including speed ratio changing mechanism. Endurance of traction drive rolling elements is also discussed by showingS − Ncurves and photo of a running track. Finally, a cross‐sectional view of a half‐toroidalCVTfor3Lturbo‐gasolineFRcar with387 Nmtorque capacity come on to the market in 1999 is shown.
New payment model bundles detox, treatment and aftercare
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2018

A new payment model for addiction and recovery services was released last week in the form of a white paper called “Incentivizing Recovery.” The model, which is based on bundling — multiple providers get paid from the same fee — and capitation — the fee is preset, as in managed care – was proposed by Leavitt Partners, Facing Addiction with NCADD and Remedy Partners.
Surface‐Confined Fabrication of Ultrathin Nickel Cobalt‐Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Juan , Yu Chang , Hu Chao , Wang Man , Li Shaofeng , Huang Huawei , Bustillo Karen , Han Xiaotong , Zhao Changtai , Guo Wei , Zeng Zhiyuan , Zheng Haimei , Qiu Jieshan
Published: September 2018

The design and fabrication of 2D nanostructure electrodes with desired electrochemical activities is highly demanded for electrocatalysis and supercapacitors. Herein, the tuned fabrication of ultrathin and tortuous nickel/cobalt‐layered double hydroxide (NiCo‐LDH) nanosheets via a graphene oxide (GO) surface‐confined strategy is reported, yielding nanosheets with a thickness of 1.7–1.8 nm that is duplicated from the graphene oxides in terms of both the lateral size and the shape. It has been found that the C/O functional groups on the GO surface have functioned to promote the oxidation of Co2+ to Co3+, and to transform the β‐phase NiCo‐hydroxide (NiCo‐OH) into the LDH‐phase with tuned homogenous composition and geometry. The ultrathin NiCo‐LDH nanosheets mimic the morphology and size of the graphene due to the surface‐confined and/or surface‐guided growth. The as‐obtained NiCo‐LDH‐graphene (NiCo‐LDH‐G) nanosheets exhibit a superior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction, evidenced by a small overpotential of 0.337 V (@10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 m KOH electrolyte), and a high charge storage capability of 1489 F g−1 as electrodes for supercapacitors. This 2D surface‐confined growth strategy may pave a way for the fabrication of ultrathin 2D materials including but not limited to transition metal hydroxides for high‐performance electrochemical applications.
Self‐Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals into Semi‐Spherical Photonic Cholesteric Films
Authors: Rofouie Pardis , Alizadehgiashi Moien , Mundoor Haridas , Smalyukh Ivan I. , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: September 2018

Spherical‐shape cholesteric (Ch) photonic films offer promising applications such as omnidirectional lasing and broadband reflection. Here, a strategy is reported for the fabrication of photonic Ch films by the self‐assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in semi‐spherical cavities. It is shown that film structure and photonic properties are controlled by the film curvature, the composition of the precursor CNC suspension, and its liquid crystalline or isotropic state. The effect of curvature of the drying Ch‐CNC films coupled with the restricted mobility of CNCs during film preparation results in the variation in pitch and helical axis inclination, thus leading to broadband reflectance properties of the films. The role of curvature of the Ch‐CNC films is underlined by comparing their distinct properties with those of planar films with the same composition. These findings provide a novel insight into the design and development of biomimetic photonic Ch films.
Enhanced Biological Photosynthetic Efficiency Using Light‐Harvesting Engineering with Dual‐Emissive Carbon Dots
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Shuangshuang , Zhang Haoran , Zhang Xuejie , Zhuang Jianle , Hu Chaofan , Liu Yingliang , Lei Bingfu , Ma Li , Wang Xiaojun
Published: September 2018

Enhancing solar energy conversion is imperative and maximizing solar energy capture remains significant. Here, nanotechnology toward engineering hybrid photosystem involving biological photosynthetic chloroplasts and dual‐emissive carbon dots (CDs) is employed for improved photosynthesis by harnessing more effective light. Specifically, the as‐prepared CDs show strong absorption in ultraviolet (UV) light region and exhibit intense blue and red light in water, which exactly match the absorption spectrum of chloroplasts. After coating the CDs on the surface of extracted chloroplasts, the hybrid photosystem produces 2.8 times more adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than chloroplasts themselves in vitro. Moreover, CD‐induced enhancement of photosynthesis in living plant is proved as well, showing a maximum increase of 25% in electron transport rates over the leaves without CDs, demonstrating the effective nanobionics engineering of plant performance in vivo. This is the first report on employing the unique dual‐emission trait of nanoparticles, especially the red emission, to augment photoabsorption of both extracted chloroplasts and intact leaves for enhanced photosynthetic properties. This work provides a promising strategy for engineering biological photosynthetic system with dual‐emissive CDs to enhance solar energy conversion both in vivo and in vitro, and promotes the development in the field of nanobionic.
Organic‐Single‐Crystal Vertical Field‐Effect Transistors and Phototransistors
Authors: Liu Jinyu , Zhou Ke , Liu Jie , Zhu Jia , Zhen Yonggang , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping
Published: September 2018

Organic vertical field‐effect transistors (VFETs) have attracted significant attention over the past years due to their unique characteristics of high output currents, low operation voltages, high working frequency, and promising high‐density integration for circuits. However, most currently reported VFETs demonstrate poor performance, e.g., with low on/off ratio and current density. Here, the first organic‐single‐crystal vertical field‐effect transistors (SC‐VFETs) and phototransistors are constructed from 2,6‐diphenyl anthracene (DPA) through a modified method. The devices exhibit high on/off ratio of 106 and a high current density of 100 mA cm‐2 under a small voltage of −5 V, which are proved to be one of the best performances for organic VFETs. Furthermore, superior photoresponse performance with photoresponsivity of 110 A W‐1 and detectivity of 1013 Jones is obtained under light illumination for vertical phototransistors. These results confirm the control of the intrinsic Schottky barrier height at the graphene–DPA junction along with good interfacial contact effectively suppressing the dark current to realize a large on/off ratio and high light detectivity. This vertical integration of graphene with organic single crystals via simple, effective fabrication processes opens up new opportunities to realize high‐performance integrated organic vertical electronic and optoelectronic devices.
A Fused Ring Electron Acceptor with Decacyclic Core Enables over 13.5% Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: He Dan , Zhao Fuwen , Xin Jingming , Rech Jeromy James , Wei Zhixiang , Ma Wei , You Wei , Li Bao , Jiang Li , Li Yongfang , Wang Chunru
Published: September 2018

Extending π‐conjugation of donor units in fused ring electron acceptors (FREAs) promises to reinforce intramolecular charge transfer for smaller bandgaps, and enhances intermolecular interactions for higher charge mobility. Despite these advantages, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of FREAs with a large planar donor core are still below 12%. Herein, a fused decacyclic donor unit, IDC, is developed, and the FREA, IDCIC, whose optical bandgap is 1.45 eV, is synthesized. The FTAZ:IDCIC‐based organic solar cell (OSC) with a binary additive, chloronaphthalene and 1,8‐diiodooctane (CN&DIO), affords a remarkable PCE of 13.58%, which is among the highest efficiencies of OSCs. The binary additive plays a crucial role in the morphology of FTAZ:IDCIC‐based OSCs. The addition of DIO promotes IDCIC to aggregate and enhances domain size and domain purity in FTAZ:IDCIC blend film for its poor solubility in DIO, while the addition of chloronaphthalene (CN) inhibits the aggregation, facilitates IDCIC to diffuse into the donor, and reduces domain size and domain purity for its excellent solubility in CN. The binary additive, CN&DIO, compromises the effect of the two; thus FTAZ:IDCIC‐based OSCs with 0.25% CN&DIO obtain moderate domain size and high domain purity simultaneously, achieving the least charge recombination for the highest JSC (21.98 mA cm−2) and fill factor (FF) (71.03%).
Toward an Ethical Reflective Practice of a Theory in the Flesh: Embodied Subjectivities in a Youth Participatory Action Research Mural Project
Authors: Fernández Jesica Siham
Published: September 2018

The focus of this paper is to demonstrate how embodied subjectivities shape research experiences. Through an autoethnography of my involvement in a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) after‐school program with low‐income and working‐class youth of Color from predominantly Latinx communities I examined my embodied subjectivities, via an ethical reflective practice, as these surfaced in the research context. Autoethnography is presented as a tool to facilitate an ethical reflective practice that aligns with heart‐centered work. Drawing from an epistemology of a theory in the flesh (Anzaldúa & Moraga, 1981), embodied subjectivities are defined by the lived experiences felt and expressed through the body, identities, and positionalities of the researcher. The article concludes with implications for the development of community psychology competencies that attend to the researcher's embodied subjectivities.
Synthesis of Aryl‐ and Heteroaryl‐Trifluoroethyl Ethers: Aims, Challenges and New Methodologies
Authors: Pethő Bálint , Novák Zoltán
Published: September 2018

Fluorinated substances have outstanding importance in most fields of the chemical industry, from agrochemicals and material science to pharmaceutical research. Although aryl‐ and heteroaryl‐trifluoroethyl ethers have widespread applications, predominantly as drug molecules, their preparation was limited to classical synthetic methodologies until the last decade. The transition metal catalyzed cross coupling reactions offered novel synthetic approaches for the facile access of trifluoroethoxylated aromatic compounds. The aim of this review is to give a good overview on recent advances in the synthesis of aryl‐trifluoroethyl ethers from a practical point of view for synthetic organic chemists working in the field of pharmaceutical industry and academia.
[18F]Fluorine‐Labeled Pharmaceuticals: Direct Aromatic Fluorination Compared to Multi‐Step Strategies
Authors: Krüll Jasmin , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: September 2018

Positron emission tomography (PET) presents an important tool for medicinal and pharmaceutical investigations, with applications ranging from fundamental research to the diagnosis of a broad variety of diseases. Crucial for the use of this technique is, however, a robust labeling strategy for the preparation of the required radiolabeled compound. For 18‐fluorine‐labeling, which represents the most widely applied method in this field, it is interesting to note that a kind of paradigm change occurred over the last years. While multi‐step labeling strategies were the preferred approach for many decades, mainly due to the lack of suitable leaving groups for direct [18F]fluorination reactions, the synthetic tools to achieve the highly attractive direct 18‐fluorine‐labeling rapidly increased recently. This focus review points out a comparison between the multi‐step approaches and the newly developed direct fluorination strategies available for nucleophilic 18‐fluorination of carbocyclic aromatic systems, including a discussion of advantages and limitations.
Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Boron Isocyanates: Precursors to Boron Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Yinghuai , Hosmane Narayan S
Published: September 2018

The practical application of boron isocyanates has been hindered by their extremely high sensitivity and reactivity toward air and moisture. A convenient synthetic method in a suitable liquid media is reported for practical utilization of boron isocyanates. According to NMR studies, the in situ generated boron isocyanates can be stored for at least one month under an inert atmosphere at −20 °C without noticeable decomposition. The boron tri(isocyanate) (B(NCO)3) was converted into boron nanoparticles by reduction with hydrogen under mild reaction conditions.
Enantioselective Carbonyl Catalysis Enabled by Chiral Aldehydes
Authors: Wang Qiang , Gu Qing , You Shu‐Li
Published: September 2018

Organocatalytic methods have achieved spectacular advancements for the preparation of chiral molecules in highly enantioenriched forms. The fast development of this field can mainly be attributed to the evolution of general and reliable activation modes. The discovery and identification of new activation modes are therefore highly desirable to push the boundaries of asymmetric reactions. In this Minireview, recent advances in enantioselective carbonyl catalysis, one useful subbranch of organocatalysis for the efficient activation of simple amines, will be summarized. With elegantly designed chiral aldehyde catalysts, highly enantioselective and efficient asymmetric reactions can be developed. Continued development of enantioselective carbonyl catalysis is expected in the future.
Priority areas for conservation within four freshwater ecoregions in South America: A scale perspective based on freshwater crabs (Anomura, Aeglidae)
Authors: Gonçalves Alberto S. , Costa Gabriel C. , Bond‐Buckup Georgina , Bartholomei‐Santos Marlise L. , Santos Sandro
Published: September 2018

Although freshwater ecosystems contain high biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services, they are severely threatened worldwide. Many broad‐scale approaches to conserve freshwater environments have been proposed, but as headwaters tend to host higher levels of biodiversity, identifying priority areas for conservation at a local scale is essential.

An integrative three‐step framework is proposed to recognize such areas, using anomuran crabs of the family Aeglidae as biodiversity indicator taxa, within four freshwater ecoregions in South America. First, the knowledge on the distribution of species occurring within the study area was updated and the species conservation status assessed. Second, species distribution modelling was used to identify areas of high richness and endemism. Third, these areas were compared with the existing protected area network, in addition to land‐use and urban information, to indicate priority areas for conservation within four freshwater ecoregions (Laguna dos Patos, Upper Uruguay, Lower Uruguay, Tramandaí and Mampituba) studied at a local scale.

Analysis of the distribution of species of the genus Aegla showed that the present protected area network poorly covers freshwater habitats within the study region. Three priority areas for conservation were identified, with high levels of endemism and richness of aeglid species. These areas are mainly located close to current protected areas, and we suggest, therefore, that the enlargement of some protected areas, through the establishment of corridors, would better protect several species with distributions restricted to headwaters, such as macroinvertebrates and fishes, some of which are threatened with extinction.
Use of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention techniques for treating acute vessel closure
Authors: Shaukat Arslan , Mooney Michael , Burke M. Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: September 2018

Acute vessel closure due to dissection is a known complication of percutaneous coronary intervention and can be challenging to treat, especially if guidewire position is lost. Re‐entering into the distal true lumen is commonly done during chronic total occlusion interventions, as part of antegrade dissection strategies. We report two cases of acute vessel closure and guidewire position loss in which the Stingray LP system was successfully used to advance a guidewire into the distal true lumen and recanalize the occluded vessel.
Youngest presenting patient with dystonia 24 and review of the literature
Authors: Nelin Sarah , Hussey Richard , Faux Brian M. , Rohena Luis
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical Message

Dystonia 24 was first reported in 2000 as an autosomal dominant cause of dystonia caused by variants in the ANO3 gene. Although many adults have been described with dystonia 24, since 2014, an increasing number of children have also been reported. Dystonia 24 should also be considered in the differential of a child with unexplained dystonia.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Borylated 1,3‐Dienes by Synergistic Cu/Pd Catalysis
Authors: Vázquez‐Galiñanes Nuria , Fañanás‐Mastral Martín
Published: September 2018

A Cu/Pd‐catalyzed alkenylboration of alkynes with alkenyl bromides and bis(pinacolato)diboron is reported. This transformation features the generation of a catalytic β‐boryl‐substituted C(sp2)‐Cu intermediate and subsequent Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling. The reaction tolerates a wide array of substrates and affords diversely substituted syn‐borylated 1,3‐dienes under mild conditions with total regio‐ and stereocontrol.
A Stabilized Bisphosphanylsilylene and Its Heavier Congeners
Authors: Kargin Denis , Kelemen Zsolt , Krekić Kristijan , Nyulászi László , Pietschnig Rudolf
Published: September 2018

A bisphosphanylsilylene with [3]ferrocenophane backbone and its heavier analogues are described in the form of donor adducts. These heterocarbenes can be formed by dehydrochlorination (Si) or cycloreversion (Sn, Pb) using NHC (N‐heterocyclic carbene) tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene. The structures of the bisphosphanyl‐silylene, ‐stannylene and ‐plumbylene NHC adducts are presented, and the bonding and stability of these compounds were elucidated using DFT calculations. Reactivity studies confirm the stability of the silylene adduct, where the electrophilic character of the silylene center is comparable to a borane.
Cover Picture: Electrochemical Synthesis of (Aza)indolines via Dehydrogenative [3+2] Annulation: Application to Total Synthesis of (±)‐Hinckdentine A (Chin. J. Chem. 10/2018)
Authors: Hou Zhong‐Wei , Yan Hong , Song Jin‐Shuai , Xu Hai‐Chao
Published: September 2018

The cover picture shows an electricity powered dehydrogenative [3+2] annulation reaction of (hetero)arylamines with tethered di‐, tri, and tetra‐substituted alkenes for the preparation of indoline and azaindoline products. The electrochemical reactions proceed through H2 evolution and thus avoid the use of stoichiometric chemical oxidants. This method, which is applicable to the preparation of highly functionalized (aza)indoline scaffold, enables the total synthesis of (±)‐hinckdentine A in 12 steps. More details are discussed in the article by Xu et al. on page 909–915.

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Back Cover: Synthesis, Nematicidal Activity, and 3D‐QSAR of Novel 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole/ Thiadiazole Thioether Derivatives (Chin. J. Chem. 10/2018)
Authors: Chen Jixiang , Gan Xiuhai , Yi Chongfen , Wang Shaobo , Yang Yuyuan , He Fangcheng , Hu Deyu , Song Baoan
Published: September 2018

The back cover picture shows As two important heterocyclic active groups, oxadiazole and thiadiazole are used to develop new pesticide with high efficiency and broad spectrum of biological activities. On the basis of our previous works, forty one novel 1,3,4‐oxadiazole/thiadiazole thioether derivatives were synthesized and their nematicidal activities against Tylenchulus semipenetrans were evaluated. And compound 33 was designed by using the CoMFA and CoMSIA models, which exhibited excellent nematicidal acivity in vitro. More details are discussed in the article by Song et al. on page 939‐944.

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Fluid‐structure interaction simulations of venous valves: A monolithic ALE method for large structural displacements
Authors: Calandrini Sara , Aulisa Eugenio
Published: September 2018

Venous valves are bicuspidal valves that ensure that blood in veins only flows back to the heart. To prevent retrograde blood flow, the two intraluminal leaflets meet in the center of the vein and occlude the vessel. In fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) simulations of venous valves, the large structural displacements may lead to mesh deteriorations and entanglements, causing instabilities of the solver and, consequently, the numerical solution to diverge. In this paper, we propose an arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) scheme for FSI simulations designed to solve these instabilities. A monolithic formulation for the FSI problem is considered, and due to the complexity of the operators, the exact Jacobian matrix is evaluated using automatic differentiation. The method relies on the introduction of a staggered in time velocity to improve stability, and on fictitious springs to model the contact force of the valve leaflets. Because the large structural displacements may compromise the quality of the fluid mesh as well, a smoother fluid displacement, obtained with the introduction of a scaling factor that measures the distance of a fluid element from the valve leaflet tip, guarantees that there are no mesh entanglements in the fluid domain. To further improve stability, a streamline upwind Petrov‐Galerkin (SUPG) method is employed. The proposed ALE scheme is applied to a two‐dimensional (2D) model of a venous valve. The presented simulations show that the proposed method deals well with the large structural displacements of the problem, allowing a reconstruction of the valve behavior in both the opening and closing phase.
Tuning the Amount of Oxygen Vacancies in Sputter‐Deposited SnOx films for Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ali Fawad , Pham Ngoc Duy , Bradford H. Jonathan , Khoshsirat Nima , Ostrikov Ken , Bell John M. , Wang Hongxia , Tesfamichael Tuquabo
Published: September 2018

Invited for this month's cover is group of Tuquabo Tesfamichael at Queensland Univeristy of Technology. The image shows SnOx thin film deposited by sputtering with oxygen vacancies to be used as electron transporting layer in perovskite solar cells. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201801541.
Hierarchical Cobalt Borate/MXenes Hybrid with Extraordinary Electrocatalytic Performance in Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Jiapeng , Chen Tao , Juan Peng , Peng Wenchao , Li Yang , Zhang Fengbao , Fan Xiaobin
Published: September 2018

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key reaction for many renewable energy storage and conversion techniques. Developing efficient non‐precious metal‐based electrocatalysts for OER has attracted increasing attention. Herein is reported a strategy to fabricate hierarchical cobalt borate/Ti3C2Tx MXene (Co‐Bi/Ti3C2Tx) hybrid through fast chemical reactions at room temperature. This interesting hierarchical structure of Co‐Bi/Ti3C2Tx hybrid is beneficial for exposing more active sites, improving mass diffusion, and charge‐transfer pathways for electrochemical reaction. Moreover, a strong interaction between Co‐Bi and Ti3C2Tx ensures efficient charge transfer and facilitates the electrostatic attraction of more anionic intermediates for a fast redox process. Consequently, the hierarchical Co‐Bi/Ti3C2Tx hybrid shows extraordinary OER catalytic activity to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 250 mV, and a Tafel slope of about 53 mV dec−1.
Large‐scale molecular diet analysis in a generalist marine mammal reveals male preference for prey of conservation concern
Authors: Schwarz Dietmar , Spitzer Sara M. , Thomas Austen C. , Kohnert Christa M. , Keates Theresa R. , Acevedo‐Gutiérrez Alejandro
Published: September 2018

Sex‐specific diet information is important in the determination of predator impacts on prey populations. Unfortunately, the diet of males and females can be difficult to describe, particularly when they are marine predators. We combined two molecular techniques to describe haul‐out use and prey preferences of male and female harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from Comox and Cowichan Bay (Canada) during 2012–2013. DNA metabarcoding quantified the diet proportions comprised of prey species in harbor seal scat, and qPCR determined the sex of the individual that deposited each scat. Using 287 female and 260 male samples, we compared the monthly sex ratio with GLMs and analyzed prey consumption relative to sex, season, site, and year with PERMANOVA. The sex ratio between monthly samples differed widely in both years (range = 12%–79% males) and showed different patterns at each haul‐out site. Male and female diet differed across both years and sites: Females consumed a high proportion of demersal fish species while males consumed more salmonid species. Diet composition was related to both sex and season (PERMANOVA: R2 = 27%, p < 0.001; R2 = 24%, p < 0.001, respectively) and their interaction (PERMANOVA: R2 = 11%, p < 0.001). Diet differences between males and females were consistent across site and year, suggesting fundamental foraging differences, including that males may have a larger impact on salmonids than females. Our novel combination of techniques allowed for both prey taxonomic and spatiotemporal resolution unprecedented in marine predators.
Sequestration of artemin reduces inflammation‐induced activation and sensitization of bone marrow nociceptors in a rodent model of carrageenan‐induced inflammatory bone pain
Authors: Nencini Sara , Thai Jenny , Ivanusic Jason J.
Published: September 2018

Background

Pathologies that affect the bone marrow have a significant inflammatory component; however, it is not clear how inflammatory mediators affect nociceptive nerve terminals within the marrow cavity.

Methods

In this study, an in vivo bone‐nerve preparation was used to directly record the physiological response properties of bone marrow nociceptors innervating the tibial marrow cavity of rats, before and after application of the inflammatory agent carrageenan. In addition, endogenous artemin was sequestered by application of an artemin neutralizing antibody to determine if this could prevent the inflammation‐induced physiological changes observed.

Results

A single injection of carrageenan administered into the tibial marrow cavity produced rapid changes in weight bearing (pain‐like behaviour) in conscious animals. Carrageenan, but not saline, activated bone marrow nociceptors in whole‐nerve recordings and sensitized a subtype of Aδ‐bone marrow nociceptors to mechanical stimulation. The activation and sensitization had a rapid time course that matched that of pain‐like behaviours. Sequestration of endogenous artemin significantly reduced carrageenan‐induced increases in ongoing activity and completely abolished sensitization of bone marrow nociceptors to mechanical stimulation.

Conclusions

These observations indicate that inflammation affects the activity and sensitivity of bone marrow nociceptors; that artemin plays a role in these changes; and that artemin might be a promising target for pharmacological manipulations in the treatment of inflammatory bone pain.

Significance

Most pathologies that affect the bone marrow have an inflammatory component. We have used a model of carrageenan‐induced inflammation to show that sequestration of artemin reduces inflammation‐induced activation and sensitization of bone marrow nociceptors. Our findings suggest that artemin signalling is a target for the treatment of inflammatory bone pain.
Culture, psychological proximity to the past and future, and self‐continuity
Authors: Ji Li‐Jun , Hong Emily K. , Guo Tieyuan , Zhang Zhiyong , Su Yanjie , Li Ye
Published: September 2018

The present research explores how culture influences individuals’ psychological proximity to the past and future, which may predict differences in perceived self‐continuity across time. In Studies 1 and 2, we hypothesized and found that Chinese participants saw the past and future as more connected and subjectively closer to the present compared to Euro‐Canadians. Following this, we expected and found in Studies 3 and 4 that Chinese participants perceived greater self‐continuity over time than Euro‐Canadians. Additionally, perceived closeness to the past mediated the effect of culture on past–present self‐continuity, which subsequently predicted present–future self‐continuity. Study 5 further documented a causal effect of perceived distance to the past on self‐continuity. These results suggest that cultural differences in temporal attention to the past and future play a pivotal role in people's sense of self‐continuity across time. This has important implications for temporal focalism, intertemporal discounting, and social interactions between Chinese and Euro‐Canadians.