bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suspension Plasma Spraying for the Preparation of Perovskite Powders and Coatings
Authors: Schiller G. , Müller M. , Gitzhofer F.
Published: May 2021

LaMnO3 powders and coatings have been prepared by reactive suspension plasma spraying (SPS) of MnO2 powders and LaCl3 solutions. A 40 kW inductively coupled plasma with an oxygen plasma sheath gas has been used. Water and ethanol have been tested as the liquid phase in the SPS process. High perovskite content (70-90%) has been achieved for both powders and coatings when spraying a suspension of fine MnO2 powder in a saturated ethanol solution of LaCl3 with a 1:1 molar ratio of La and Mn. Materials obtained by a 1100 °C oven treatment have been used as reference during the study. The reactor pressure was varied from 30 to 80 kPa. Low pressure was found to be necessary to suppress the formation of undesired phases in the powders and coatings obtained. A plasma post treatment of the coatings results in an increase of the perovskite content.
Arc Initiation for the Electromagnetic Powder Deposition Gun
Authors: Sledge R.L. , Bacon J.L. , Davis D.G. , Polizzi R.J. , Uglum J.R. , Zowarka R.C.
Published: May 2021

The Electromagnetic Powder Deposition (EPD) process converts pulsed electrical energy into kinetic and thermal energy to accelerate and heat powder material to conditions suitable for bonding. A high pressure plasma armature is electromagnetically accelerated using a railgun. A supersonic pressure wave is created when the armature accelerates through and "snowplows" the ambient gas ahead of it. The gas column is heated, compressed, and accelerated to the entrainment section of the gun, where some of the thermal and kinetic energy is transferred to an injected stream of powder material. The acceleration burst is repeated rapidly to supply the required deposition rate and to achieve steady thermal conditions. Development of a starter plasma which is reliable at ambient pressure was a major programmatic task. Generation of a low pressure linear arc required to form a planar armature during the pulsed event was investigated. Several geometries (point-to-point breakdown, rail-to-rail breakdown, and confined glow discharge) were explored using different voltage sources (dc, 60 Hz ac, 150 MHz rf, pulsed). Satisfactory operation of the confined glow discharge approach at atmospheric pressure was achieved using rf excitation. Results of testing under the various scenarios are presented and critiqued.
The Influence of Gun Parameters on Co-Injected Particles in the Spraying of Metal-Ceramic Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Swank W.D. , Fincke J.R. , Haggard D.C. , Sampath S. , Smith W.
Published: May 2021

In the spraying of functionally graded coatings, the particle ensemble delivered to the substrate varies from a relatively heavy, low-melting-point metallic particle to a significantly lighter, higher-melting-point ceramic particle. The desire is to deliver to the substrate a particle ensemble which has suitable velocity and temperature for the predictable and consistent formation of coatings with mixed particle types. The key to success is a thorough understanding of the relationship between spray gun parameters and the resulting particle condition. The gun parameters examined are powder loading (injection rate), powder mixtures, and secondary plasma gas (H2). The spray characteristics measured were particle velocity, temperature, and spray pattern. The particle temperature and velocity are both significantly influenced by the flow rate of the secondary gas (gun power). The powder feed rate was found to have a small but measurable effect on both the spray pattern and the ensemble average particle temperature. It was observed that a "tight" hot particle spray pattern, unfortunately, does not necessarily minimize the number of cold unmelted particles.
Influence of the Variation of Plasma Torch Parameters on Particle Melting and Solidification
Authors: Vardelle M. , Fauchais P. , Vardelle A. , Léger A.C.
Published: May 2021

A study of the flattening and cooling of particles plasma-sprayed on a substrate is presented. The characteristic parameters of the splats are linked to the parameters of the impacting particles by using an experimental device consisting of a phase Doppler particle analyzer and a high-speed pyrometer. However, during the long experiments required to get reliable correlations, it was observed that variations in plasma spray operating conditions may alter the particles behavior in the plasma jet. Therefore, a simple and easy-to-use system was developed to control in real time the spray jet. In this paper, the effect of carrier gas flow rate, arc current and powder mass flow rate is investigated. The results on zirconia and alumina powders show the capability of the technique to sense the particle spray position and width.
Robot Trajectory Generation and Coating Temperature Prediction of Plasma Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Nylén P. , Edberg M.
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a simulation method in which robot trajectories can be optimised to produce an even coating thickness and how they can be used to predict transient coating temperatures on complex geometries. The coating thickness was simulated by the use of a commercial Offline programming (OLP) system. A robot trajectory was calculated, maintaining a constant spraying distance and normal orientation to the surface. The trajectory was optimised to give a uniform coating thickness while also handling non collision requirements. The plasma was represented as an ideal gas with temperature dependent thermodynamic and transport properties. The governing equations were solved by a developed finite difference elliptic code using a simplified turbulence model. The particles were modelled by a stochastic discrete particle model. The robot trajectory together with the heat transfer model were then used to calculate transient coating and substrate temperatures by the use of the finite element method (FEM). The model predictions were tentatively compared with experimental measurements and reasonable correlations were obtained.
Plasma Processing of Functionally Graded Materials Part II: Deposit Formation
Authors: Jewett T.J. , Smith W.C. , Herman H. , Margolies J. , Sampath S.
Published: May 2021

Two sets of plasma spray processing conditions were utilized in the investigation of graded layers, consisting of NiCrAlY and PSZ. Following the optimization of the plasma spray parameters and particle characteristics, the deposition efficiencies (DEs) of various powder species was examined. Selection of the best suited powders for coating production were selected based on the DE results. The base DEs were corrected by conducting the analyses using pre-deposited substrates as targets. Individual mixed coating layers were prepared and their compositions confirmed by image analysis. The effects of standoff distance and substrate temperature were also seen to have an effect on the DE and thus the coating formation. It is suggested that two-feeder, single injector plasma processing may not be the optimal method for the formation of FGMs.
Simultaneous Independent Measurement of Splat Diameter and Cooling Time during Impact on a Substrate of Plasma Sprayed Molybdenum Particles
Authors: Gougeon P. , Moreau C.
Published: May 2021

In thermal spray processes, the coating structure is the result of flattening and cooling of molten droplets on the substrate. The study of the cooling time and evolution of the splat size during impact is then of the highest importance to understand the influence of the spray parameters and substrate characteristics on the coating structure. Measurement of particle temperature during impact requires the use of a high-speed 2-color pyrometer to collect the thermal emission of the particle during flattening. Simultaneous measurement of the splat size with this pyrometer is difficult since the size of the particle can change as it cools down. To measure the splat size independently, a new measurement technique has been developed. In this technique the splat size is measured from the attenuation of the radiation of a laser beam illuminating the particle during impact. Results are presented for plasma sprayed molybdenum particles impacting on a glass substrate at room temperature. It is shown that the molybdenum splat reaches its maximum extent about 2 microseconds after the impact. In this work, we show that this increase of the splat surface is followed by a phase during which the splat size decreases significantly during 2 to 3 microseconds.
Phase Composition of Plasma-Sprayed Yttria Stabilized Zirconia
Authors: Ilavsky J. , Stalick J.K.
Published: May 2021

The phase composition of plasma sprayed (8wt%) YSZ was studied using neutron and X-ray scattering. Comparison shows that neutron scattering is superior for analysis of the phase composition as well as for the analysis of the yttria content of the tetragonal phase. The presence of large amounts of the cubic phase are probably often neglected in standard XRD analysis due to scattering-related limitations and the inherent difficulty of the analysis. The importance of this fact needs to be addressed in future studies. The amount of monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic phases was determined for as-sprayed deposits and for samples annealed at various temperatures. The as-sprayed deposit was composed of metastable phases, and the phase composition on annealing did not change significantly until 1400 °C for one hour. This indicates the relative stability of the phase composition. The influence of the spray distance is not clear, but the resultant phase composition may be related to the deposition temperature.
Structural Characterization of Chromium Carbide-Nickel Chromium Coatings Obtained by HVOF-Spraying
Authors: Guilemany J.M. , Calero J.A.
Published: May 2021

Chromium carbide-nickel chromium coatings produced by HVOF spraying are widely used for high temperature wear and erosion resistant applications. Examination of the literature shows that whilst the mechanical properties of these coatings have been widely investigated, there has been little research into the physical processes occurring during HVOF spraying of this system, such as carbide dissolution, liquid-metallic phase oxidation, decarburisation and rapid solidification. The purpose of the present work has been to perform a systematic characterisation of the chromium carbide-nickel chromium system in both the initial powder and as-sprayed states with a variety of spraying conditions using optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction. The presence of amorphous and nanocrystalline phases has been demonstrated. The nanocrystalline structures tend to be Ni rich, with the amorphous phases rich in Cr. Carbides of the form Cr3C2 were found to be dissolved slightly during spraying, increasing the Cr and C contents of the liquid metallic phase. There was no evidence of chromium carbide oxidation.
Fatigue Life in Bending and Coatings Residual Stress in Tungsten Carbide Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: McGrann R.T.R. , Shadley J.R. , Rybicki E.F. , Graving D.J. , Badger B.E. , Somerville D.A. , Emery W.A.
Published: May 2021

Tungsten caibide (WC) thermal spray coatings are being used for wear protection on selected components of aircraft. Tungsten carbide coatings are being used on aircraft flap tracks and fan and compressor blade mid-span dampers. However, a larger use of tungsten carbide coatings is being considered for other commercial aircraft applications where it would be used as a replacement for chrome plating. For instance, WC coatings are currently being tested on aircraft landing gear parts. One factor that affects the suitability of WC coatings for these applications is the fatigue life of the coated part. Coatings, whether chrome plating or thermal spray coating, can reduce the fatigue life of the part compared to an uncoated part. This study compares the fatigue life of uncoated 6061 aluminum specimens to the fatigue life of WC thermal sprayed coated 6061 aluminum specimens. The relation between the residual stress level in the coating and the fatigue life of the specimens is also investigated. Fatigue tests were run on cantilever flat beam specimens that were coated on one side. Specimens were cycled in bending so that the coatings experienced tensile fatigue stresses. Residual stress levels for each type of coating were determined using the Modified Layer Removal Method on specimens processed along with the cantilever flat beam specimens. Test results show that the fatigue life of the WC coated specimens is directly related to the level of compressive residual stress in the coating.
Effect of Powder Types on Mechanical Properties of D-Gun Coatings
Authors: Kim M.C. , Kim S.B. , Hong J.W.
Published: May 2021

Mechanical properties of WC-Co D-Gun coatings produced from various powders were determined by using a four-point bend test equipped with a special device for strain measurements. The MOR(Modulus of Rupture), elastic modulus, fracture strain and toughness were measured from stress-strain curves using the four-point bend tests. The fracture strength values were increased in the order of clad, sintered, agglomerated(no densification), blended and cast & crushed powder coatings. The Co content blended with WC-Co cermet powders significantly increased fracture strain values and decreased elastic modulus values. It was found that the type of powder more significantly influenced the mechanical properties of D-Gun coatings than the composition of powders. The toughness of thermal spray coatings was increased by using WC-Co powders (high MOR) blended with self-fluxing alloy powders (high fracture strain).
Analysis of Different Mechanisms of Coating-Substrate Adhesion in Thermal Spraying
Authors: Sobolev V.V. , Guilemany J.M. , Nutting J.
Published: May 2021

Different mechanisms of development of the substrate-coating adhesion during thermal spraying are considered. One of the most important is mechanical interlocking formed chiefly due to roughness of the substrate surface, high pressures developed upon the droplet impact and solidification of the lower part of the splat. Possible deformation of the substrate surface and rebounding of the impinging droplets are considered. Thermal mechanisms involving partial or complete melting and subsequent solidification in the substrate interfacial region is shown to be effective in creation of the adhesive bonds. The role of the diffusion processes and the influence of the splat morphology on adhesion is discussed. Mechanisms of splashing of droplets impinging onto the substrate surface during thermal spraying and their influence on the coating-substrate adhesion are considered. Roughness of the substrate surface is shown to be critically important to obtain good adhesion. Transition temperature is shown to exist which determines the splat morphology on the smooth surface of the substrate. With a "cold" substrate when its initial temperature is less than the transition temperature the splashing occurs. When the substrate initial temperature exceeds the transition one a regular splat is formed. The theoretical results agree well with the observed behaviour of the thermal spray coatings and in the case of the thermal mechanisms of adhesion these results are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Measurement of Stress Development during HVOF Thermal Spray
Authors: Kuroda S. , Tashiro Y. , Yumoto H. , Taira S. , Fukanuma H.
Published: May 2021

Direct and quantitative observation of the stress generation during HVOF spray is carried out by measuring the curvature of substrates in-situ during spraying. A high pressure HVOF gun is used to spray SUS316L, Hastelloy C and WC-12%Co powder onto SUS316L substrates. The observed curvature data indicate that there are 3 regimes of stress evolution during the HVOF spray: (1) generation of compressive stress on the substrate surface at the beginning of spraying, (2) stress buildup in the coating during spraying, and (3) superposition of stress due to the mismatch in the thermal expansivity between the coating and the substrate as the specimen cools down to the room temperature after fabrication. Compressive stress ranging from 70 to 400 MPa is observed in the second regime during the HVOF spray; the value depending on the powder materials and spray conditions. Microstructural observation reveals that a significant portion of the coatings consists of poorly molten particles. Beneath the coatings formed by the HVOF process, a thin layer of increased hardness exists within the substrate.
Thermal Residual Stresses in Functionally Gradient Coatings
Authors: Andritschky M. , Teixeira V. , Stöver D.
Published: May 2021

The present contribution concerns with a numerical modelling of the residual stress distribution within a multilayered coating system which consists of a functionally gradient material (FGM). The structure of the graded system is made of a ceramic layer and a metallic layer, where between them there is an interlayer which is a graded composite made of the metal and ceramic. The composition changes gradually from 0% ceramic to 100% ceramic. This graded interlayer was modelled as a serie of perfectly bonded finite thin layers, each having slightly different material properties. We analyse the FGM design in respect to thermal stress optimization (e.g. reduction the interfacial stresses). The case of a bilayer, thick ceramic coating on a metallic substrate and a graded thermal barrier coating (TBC) is considered. The effects on thermal residual stress gradients of the compositional profiles and graded interlayer thickness were studied. This FGM stress model enable us to calculate the thermal strain and stress distributions, which gives a contribute to a better understanding of the failure of a graded coating system and is, therefore, a potential tool for FGM stress optimization to improve the thermo-mechanical stability of multilayer graded structures such as high temperature ceramic coatings for use in thermal barrier applications.
Oxidation in HVOF-Sprayed Steel
Authors: Smith M.F. , Dykhuizen R.C. , Neiser R.A.
Published: May 2021

It is widely held that most of the oxidation in thermally sprayed coatings occurs on the surface of the droplet after it has flattened. The evidence in this paper suggests that, for the conditions studied here, oxidation of the top surface of flattened droplets is not the dominant oxidation mechanism. In this study, a mild steel wire (AISI 1025) was sprayed using a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) torch onto copper and aluminum substrates. Ion milling and Auger spectroscopy were used to examine the distribution of oxides within individual splats. Conventional metallographic analysis was also used to study oxide distributions within coatings that were sprayed under the same conditions. An analytical model for oxidation of the exposed surface of a splat is presented. Based on literature data, the model assumes that diffusion of iron through a solid FeO layer is the rate limiting factor in forming the oxide on the top surface of a splat. An FeO layer only a few thousandths of a micron thick is predicted to form on the splat surface as it cools. However, the experimental evidence shows that the oxide layers are typically 100x thicker than the predicted value. These thick, oxide layers are not always observed on the top surface of a splat. Indeed, in some instances the oxide layer is on the bottom, and the metal is on the top. The observed oxide distributions are more consistently explained if most of the oxide formed before the droplets impact the substrate.
Sprayability and Properties of TiC-Ni Based Powders in the Detonation Gun and HVOF Processes
Authors: Vuoristo P. , Mäntylä T. , Berger L.-M. , Nebelung M.
Published: May 2021

Agglomerated and sintered TiC-Ni based powders were sprayed by detonation gun spray (DGS) and high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray processes. Influence of the binder content (20 and 27 vol.-%) and some alloying elements, such as Mo, Co and N on the coating properties were investigated. The coating structures and properties were investigated by optical microscopy, hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction analysis and by rubber-wheel abrasion wear test. It was found that alloying the hard phase with Mo and N leads to an improvement of the coating properties. Alloying of the binder phase with Co did not affect the coating properties. Porosity in the powder granules was found to beneficial in order to melt more efficiently the particles in the DGS process and especially in the HVOF process. HVOF spraying of powders with the higher binder content of 27 vol.-% was found to be advantageous for the preparation of coatings with dense microstructures and good wear resistances.
The Structure and Properties of Two Fe-Cr-B-Based Coatings Sprayed Using HVOF
Authors: Dent A.H. , Horlock A.J. , McCartney D.G. , Harris S.J.
Published: May 2021

Two boron-rich Fe/Cr based gas atomised powders (Armacor M and Armacor C) have been thermally sprayed using the HVOF process and the resultant deposits subsequently characterised, using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), plan view transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and microhardness measurements. The wear and corrosion characteristics of the two alloy coatings have also been investigated by three body abrasive wear (utilising cross-sectional TEM to examine the worn surfaces) and potentiodynamic corrosion testing respectively. Results from microstructural analysis of the as-sprayed deposits revealed the presence of small chromium-iron boride precipitates within a predominantly amorphous matrix in the Fe-based Armacor M coating. The Fe-Cr-based Armacor C coating, however, consisted mainly of regions of nano- and microcrystalline material interspersed with chromium boride precipitation. Iron-chromium oxides have been observed within both of the alloy coatings studied. Both of these alloys exhibit good abrasive wear resistance when compared with other metallic based HVOF sprayed coatings. Both Armacor M and Armacor C also exhibit extensive passivation on exposure to an acidic solution. The wear and corrosion test results are related to the microstructural observations.
The Use of Metallographic Standards in Calibration of the Polishing Process
Authors: Sauer J.P.
Published: May 2021

The metallographic process for evaluating thermally sprayed coatings is sometimes viewed as a variable process in the scope of coating evaluation. There is always a question as to whether the failure of a coating is polishing related or an actual change in the spray production process. The use of metallographic standards similar to hardness calibration can be implemented to provide assurance of a repeatable metallographic polishing. Development and use of the standards will be discussed and examples given of the standards principle.
ISO 14000 Environmental Management System: A New Challenge for Coating Shops
Authors: Ebert K. , Roelleke S. , Verpoort C.M.
Published: May 2021

Coating shops are under increasing pressure by stringent legislation to demonstrate sound environmental performance. This paper describes how one can combine the environmental requirements according to ISO 14000 with existing Quality Management Systems according to ISO 9000. The Environmental Management System requires that a company establishes and maintains an environmental policy with a strong commitment to continual improvement and prevention of pollution. The company has to establish environmental targets with a timeframe by which they are to be achieved. In this paper, some practical aspects of prevention of pollution by using new processes, practices and materials will be described. Some important aspects like recycling of waste from dust collectors or sand blasting units will be discussed.
Burn-out of the Medical Oncology Health Care Professionals and Associated Factors in Tunisia
Authors: Khechine W. , Ezzaairi F. , Sahli J. , Belaid I. , Daldoul A. , Zaied S. , Chabchoub I. , Ammar N. , Hochlaf M. , Ben Fatma L. , Ben Ahmed S.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Burn-out is defined as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and diminished self-achievement that affects individuals exposed to chronic occupational stress. Physicians and caregivers faced with the death of their patients, such as oncology, are particularly vulnerable to this syndrome.

Objectives: To evaluate the burn-out of medical professionals in medical oncology, to research the predisposing factors and to analyze the functional complaints and the behavior of the staff associated with this syndrome.

Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study among medical oncology professionals practicing in public hospitals in the Tunisian territory who exercise more than two years in oncology; with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).

Results: Our study population was predominantly female (81%). 53% are doctors and 47% are paramedical health care professionals. A high degree of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievement were found in 63%, 53% and 59% in our population, respectively. With 21% global high burn-out. The female sex was associated with high emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment as well as global burn-out. This burn-out was attributed to factors associated with working conditions and professional climate, mainly: overwork, poor organization of service, lack of resources and time, lack of recognition, lack of communication, lack of respect, conflicts with colleagues, report unsatisfactory salary effort and aggressions by patients and their families. Functional complaints and health care professional’s behavior associated with burn-out were: feelings of sadness, blockage, and irritability, sleep disorders, unexplained pain, epigastralgia, addictive behaviors, psychotropic consumption, suicidal thoughts, decreased performance and desire for a job transfer.

Conclusions: By its impact on professionals, burn-out in medical oncology represents a major threat to the quality of health care. Its etiologies, although complex and intricate, are well known. Its prevention and its support are possible, but involve mobilization at all levels.
Plainte cognitive à l’issue des traitements d’un lymphome
Authors: Mezenge E. , Pozuelos C. , Bouguet G. , Tron L. , Joly F. , Lange M.
Published: May 2021

Objectif : Évaluer la prévalence de la plainte cognitive chez des personnes ayant été traitées pour un lymphome.

Matériel et méthode : Questionnaire diffusé auprès des participants de la Journée mondiale des lymphomes, en septembre 2017 et février 2018.

Résultats : Soixante-deux pour cent des participants (n = 396) rapportaient une plainte cognitive, et 39 % l’attribuaient aux traitements oncologiques reçus. Cinquantequatre pour cent d’entre eux auraient souhaité bénéficier de soins de support adaptés.

Conclusion : Les difficultés cognitives à la suite des traitements oncologiques doivent être mieux connues des professionnels de santé afin de proposer des soins de support adaptés.
The World Union for Progressive Judaism – Youth Section
Authors: Newman Jeffrey
Published: May 2021

This article describes the work of the Youth Section of the WUPJ (the World Union for Progressive Judaism) in Europe soon after the Second World War and the establishment of the State of Israel, with especial attention to the influence of Rabbi Lionel Blue. It covers tensions between generations over how to ‘teach’ Judaism; the astonishing numbers of rabbinical students recruited; ways we ‘encountered’ the Bible; the first post-war youth conference in Germany; early meetings with young Jews from Eastern Europe; first encounters with Muslims; and particularly the Six-Day War. The changes this brought about through Netzer and the shift in focus towards a more Israel-centred ideology are described. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that only ongoing messianic or prophetic ideals keep Judaism alive.
Starting the Conversation
Authors: Kahn-Harris Deborah
Published: May 2021

This article reflects on the interface between biblical studies and feminist science fiction as a tribute to Rabbi Sheila Shulman, who was interested in the theological questions that underlie much science fiction. The essay discusses briefly Mary Doria Russell’s The Sparrow and Children of God followed by a longer analysis of Suzette Haden Elgin’s Native Tongue trilogy. The Native Tongue trilogy addresses questions of language and identity, the creation of a women’s language (Láadan), and the theory of linguistic relativity. The essay examines how these issues may be pertinent to the development of biblical based Jewish theology, with a particular focus on how questions of linguistic relativity might apply to the Hebrew language and, hence, Jewish theology.
Anan D’Sageinan B’Shleimuta
Authors: Ambalu Shulamit
Published: May 2021

This article is a conversation between text and life. The particular integrity of lesbian and gay rabbinic leadership is shown to be rooted in the character of Job, in an architectural detail of the wilderness Tabernacle, and in the urgency and the aspiration of Rava, a sage of the Babylonian Talmud. This very quality of integrity and straightness is shown to be called out for, and towards, at this point in history, and is strongly exemplified in the lives of Rabbi Sheila Shulman and rabbinic student Andreas Hinz, z’l.
Dancing in Solidarity and Dissent
Authors: Solomon Mark L.
Published: May 2021

In this deeply personal article, Mark Solomon explores the universal dichotomy between group solidarity and individual dissent by reflecting on two formative experiences of his own life. The first was his inspiring teenage encounter with Lubavitch Hasidism and his revulsion at its extreme, particularistic views about Jewish souls, which led to a loss of faith in Judaism and a four-year spiritual struggle over whether to convert to Christianity. Later, as an Orthodox rabbi, he had to deal with a growing awareness of being gay and the need to come out, once again leaving the solidarity of the traditional Jewish family structure for a dissenting way of life. Individual dissent can create a new sense of community and bring with it a solidarity among outsiders. The challenges of belonging and personal freedom are part of the perpetual rhythm of life and can be a source of growth and energy.
The Exceptions to the Rule
Authors: Seton-Rogers Cynthia
Published: May 2021

History has largely ignored Anglo-Jewish history in the years between the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290 and their readmittance in 1656 by Cromwell. This article revisits that period and disputes the misconception that the Period of Expulsion left England without any Jews for nearly 400 years. Although the small Jewish population ebbed and flowed with the rising and waning tides of English anti-Jewish hostilities, it nevertheless persevered. This article highlights some of the more well-known and thus well-documented of these Jews, the majority of whom were Crypto-Jews of Spanish or Portuguese origin.
Jewish Renegades and Renegade Jews in Robert Daborne’s A Christian Turned Turk
Authors: Streifer Adriana
Published: May 2021

Robert Daborne’s A Christian Turned Turk (1612) has attracted scholarly attention for its representation of English attitudes towards Islam, the economic and cultural allure of piracy, and the religious and political stakes of conversion. Yet the play also deserves to be considered for its treatment of Jewish characters, whose dynamicity complicates early modern understandings of Jewish difference. Daborne’s play links Jews to renegades – individuals who threaten England’s integrity by rejecting religious and national ties for the sake of personal profit. Applying the epithet ‘Renegado Jew’ to its main Jewish character, A Christian Turned Turk seeks to define the relationship between these two bogeymen of the English imagination. Drawing on a biblical origin story for renegades, as well as parallels between the play’s main Jewish and renegade characters, I argue that A Christian Turned Turk offers Jewishness as the proper lens through which to understand the allures and dangers of renegadism.
The Word of the Lord to Shylock
Authors: Hadari Atar
Published: May 2021

Dror Abend-David’s Scorned My Nation in its comparative literary analysis of the German, Yiddish and Hebrew translations of The Merchant of Venice concludes that cultural context and political intentions changed dramatically between the two Hebrew translations in 1921 and 1972, limiting his textual analysis to the closing line of Shylock’s famous speech: ‘it shall go hard’. I examine two key words in that speech in the two translations to detect which biblical texts the translator called on, consciously or unconsciously, and gauge what the literary resources of the Hebrew language can make of Shylock and his complaint and whether the language portraying Shylock and his complaint did actually change over those fifty years.
Biblical Echoes in Meir Wieseltier’s Hebrew Translation of Macbeth
Authors: Avni Shiran
Published: May 2021

This article examines the way in which Meir Wieseltier’s translation of Macbeth into Hebrew affects the way Shakespeare’s play is perceived by young Israeli readers. I argue that Hebrew, being the language of the Bible and studied by Israeli youth from childhood, creates instant allusions and intertexts, and therefore alters the way the play is perceived in Israel today.
Wrestling with Shylock
Authors: Malkin Jeanette R. , Voigts Eckart
Published: May 2021

How does Shakespeare’s ambivalent character Shylock affect British theatre artists of Jewish heritage today? Since the 1970s, stage adaptations of The Merchant by British Jewish directors and actors have struggled to glean an interpretation that would make The Merchant relevant or palatable for a post-Shoah generation. This article has a double focus: we discuss the difference between the adaptations of the older generation – Arnold Wesker’s character rewriting in The Merchant (1976) and Charles Marowitz’s deconstruction in Variations on the Merchant of Venice (1977) – and the contemporary revision in Julia Pascal’s 2008 The Shylock Play. Secondly, we focus on the reaction of contemporary Jewish theatre artists in Britain to the centrality of Shylock as the canonical figure of the Jew in Britain. We asked a number of contemporary British Jewish theatre artists – from Tom Stoppard to Samantha Ellis – about their personal relationship to Shylock and we present a digest of their responses.
Theatre and Ideology
Authors: Imre Zoltán
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the 1940 and the 1986 stagings of The Merchant of Venice in Hungary and with the forty-six-year gap between them. Comparing these events, the article draws attention to the ways in which the dominant ideology of these entirely different regimes influenced the interpretation of Shakespeare’s play and its staging.
“The Rain It Takes to Learn the Limits of the Self”
Authors: Hauck Nicholas
Published: May 2021

Andrew McMillan’s poetics dissects the physical minutiae of love and desire, enacting ex post facto a sexual and sexualized innocent pleasure. The scenes play out places such as classrooms, trains, locker-rooms, phone booths, and attic bedrooms, and often reference liquids. Tears, sweat, rain, rivers, blood, and sperm are associated with loss and mourning, a wet erotic (childhood) innocence remembered from a dry(er) perspective of experience and awareness of masculinity. In a post-Thatcher neoliberal framework, McMillan explores scenes of masculinity. Playtime is divided into two parts; if these two parts can be provisionally labeled “before” and “after”—a facile distinction between innocence and experience—McMillan’s style and form break down this narrative and open up to fluidity, questioning the possibilities of pleasure (in)formed by neoliberal ideals.
Making Post/Anthropocentric Futures in Agrobiodiversity Conservation
Authors: von Verschuer Franziska
Published: May 2021

Since the mid-twentieth century global modernization of agriculture, seed banking has become a core technoscientific strategy to counteract agrobiodiversity loss and ensure future food security. This article develops a post-anthropocentric reading of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault as a nodal point of global ex situ conservation efforts. Based on qualitative expert interviews, I explore the rationality of crisis and salvation that underlies these efforts and discuss its roots in an anthropocentric relation to nature as a resource. By arguing that the latter produces the crises that conservation measures intend to counteract, I show how the Seed Vault conserves this resource-orientation. I then illustrate a concurrent unruliness of more-than-human worldly becoming the embracing of which, I argue, is a way for conservationism to cultivate different, non-crisic futures.
Afro-communitarian Implications for Justice and Reconciliation
Authors: Oelofsen Rianna
Published: May 2021

Abstract

This article explores the relationship between the concepts of restorative justice, racial reconciliation and Afro-communitarianism, and how these concepts apply to the South African situation. A version of restorative justice which is necessary for the Afro-communitarian conception of reconciliation will be defended. The understanding of restorative justice defended includes aspects of both distributive and procedural justice.
Vote Buying and Tax-cut Promises
Authors: Brooks Thom
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Both vote buying and tax-cut promises are attempts to manipulate voters through cash incentives in order to win elections, but only vote buying is illegal. Should we extend the ban on vote buying to tax-cut promises? This article will argue for three conclusions. The first is that tax-cut promises should be understood as a form of vote buying. The second is that campaign promises are a form of vote buying. The third conclusion is that campaign promises, including tax-cut promises, should not be banned. An important distinction is drawn between enforceable wrongful incentives and unenforceable wrongful incentives. The difference between vote buying and tax-cut promises is not wrongfulness but enforceability.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF UNDERGROUND MINING COMPLEXES APPLICATION BY IMPROVING THE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Ukraine, Ostapchuk Oleksandr , Bondarenko Andrii ,   Dnipro University of Technology,  Ukraine, Kyrychenko Maryna ,   Dnipro University of Technology,  Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is to improve the quality of electricity and reliability of power supply systems of underground mining complexes of deep-level and power-intensive mines based on determining the optimal voltage class of highvoltage power lines. The subject of the research is the methods of quality indicators ensuring, reliability and safety of power supply systems of underground mining complexes of deep-level and power-intensive mines. Research methods. Analytical and calculation methods were used to solve the scientific problem to assess the nature and level of electricity consumption in modern deep-level and power-intensive mines; scientific generalization was used in determining the state of development of power supply systems of underground mining complexes of modern ore and coal mines; mathematical modeling was used in the description of processes in grids. The result of the study. The paper analyzes the current situation when choosing a rational voltage class in the underground power supply system of modern mining complexes was analyzed. Factors that have a direct impact on the efficiency of electricity consumers of deep horizons are identified. The method of power quality indicators calculation at definition of a voltage class of a certain mining horizon or the enterprise as a whole is offered. Prospects of application of voltage classes 6, 10 and 35 kV for power supply of shaft cables in the conditions of deep-level and power-intensive mines are considered. Conclusion. According to the obtained research results, it was established that the normalized voltage levels are far from the voltage values used today for the power supply lines of the underground power supply system, namely 6 and 10 kV
Hospital Stay of Orthopedic Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Joshi Pramod
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Orthopedic conditions includes a range of condition varying from traumatic injuries, congenital anomalies, chronic back pain, arthritis, rheumatologic conditions, and other. Length of hospital stay is determined by a number of factors such as symptom severity, patient co morbidity and hospital availability. Our study aims to study the length of hospital stay of the patients admitted in a provincial hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Seti Provincial Hospital in the month of January among 800 cases. The record of each orthopedic cases admitted in the hospital was retrospectively collected from the medical record section after receiving ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee of Seti Provincial Hospital. Whole sampling technique was used. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. The descriptive statistical analysis was done.
Results: The average length of hospital stay was 2.87 days with the maximum length of the stay of 10 days and the minimum stay of zero days (discharged on the same day). Forearm bone fracture was the main reason for admission in the hospital 325 (40.62%).
Conclusions: Length of the hospital stay was found to shorter than the previous study done in similar settings.
Misoprostol Induced Expulsion of Fetus Following Diagnosis of Anencephaly on Ultrasound: A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Hari Kishor , Koirala Suphatra , Shrestha Ingima
Published: May 2021

Anencephaly is a condition in which there is an absence of skull and brain tissues. Absence of cranial vault mainly results because of defective neurulation. Absence of cerebral tissues may cause diminished heart size, due to decreased heart load causing various cardiac abnormalities. Here, we report a case of a primigravida lady at 17 weeks of gestation with misoprostol induced expulsion of fetus after ultrasonography revealed absence of brain tissue and calvarium above the orbits suggesting anencephaly. A 300g fetus was delivered which confirmed the ultrasound findings. The patient was discharged with advice for intake of folic acid beginning from 3 months before conception in future pregnancies. Neural tube defects can manifest within approximately 28 days of gestation which highlights the importance of oral folic acid intake before pregnancy.
Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Medicine Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Niraj Kumar , Karki Lochan
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The best recognized systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include, cardiovascular co-morbidities, cachexia and muscle dysfunction, osteoporosis, anemia, and clinical depression and anxiety. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who were admitted in the medicine department of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the medicine department of Nepal Medical College and teaching hospital between October 2009 and January 2010. Ethical approval was taken from the Intitutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling technique was used. All chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were included. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate baseline characteristics. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 84 patients, the period prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 30 (35.71%) (29.80-40.20 at 90% Confidence Interval) as per the definition by International Diabetes Federation 2006 for South Asians. Among them, 35 (41.67%) were male and 49 (58.33% ) were female. Eight (9.5%) were of age between 40-49 years, 11 (13.1%) between 50-59 years, 27 (32.1%) between 60-69 years and 38 (45.2%) of 70 years and above.
Conclusions: The study showed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be lower than the previous study done in similar settings.
MODEL KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Karyati Sri
Published: May 2021

development is to make nature an object of tourism exploitation, shifting to a culture-based tourism development model (halal tourism) and nature conservation (eco-tourism). As a national mainstay tourism area, NTB has a beautiful culture and nature as a tourist attraction, so the concept of sharia tourism has begun to be applied in NTB, but ecotourism has only just been initiated by the NTB provincial government. One of the problems that have slowed the progress of the ecotourism model is the absence of legal instruments as the basis for ecotourism policy in NTB. Discusses the government's legal policies in accommodating ecotourism development and the legal policy model of the NTB provincial government. The type of normative legal research and the approach method is the statutory approach. The study results show that, first, the Government's legal policies in efforts to develop ecotourism in the context of statutory regulations have provided guidelines for local governments that have ecotourism potential to develop optimally by providing several incentives and facilities for ecotourism actors. Second, the NTB provincial government legal policy model supporting ecotourism is to create a legal basis for policies in the form of provincial regional regulations on environment-based tourism through indications of regional tourism development programs that be stipulated in a Regional Long-Term Development Plan.Keyword: Legal Policy; Ecotourism; NTB Province. ABSTRAKArah baru pengembangan pariwisata adalah menjadikan alam sebagai obyek eksploitasi wisata beralih ke model pengembangan pariwisata yang berbasis kultural (pariwisata halal) dan pelestarian alam (eco-tourism). Sebagai daerah pariwisata andalan nasional, NTB memiliki kultural dan alam yang begitu indah sebagai obyek wisata, maka konsep pariwisata syariah sudah mulai diterapkan di NTB, namun konsep ekowisata baru mulai dirintis oleh pemerintah provinsi NTB. Salah satu persoalan yang membuat melambatnya kemajuan model ekowisata yakni ketiadaan instrument hukum sebagai dasar kebijakan ekowisata di NTB. Mengupas permasalahan tentang kebijakan hukum yang diambil pemerintah dalam mengakomodasi pengembangan ekowisata dan model kebijakan hukum pemerintah provinsi NTB. Jenis penelitian hukum normatif dan metode pendekatan yaitu pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian bahwa, pertama, kebijakan hukum  Pemerintah dalam upaya pengembangan ekowisata dalam konteks peraturan perundang-undangan telah memberikan guidelines bagi pemerintah daerah  yang mempunyai potensi ekowisata untuk wajib menggembangkan secara optimal dengan memberikan beberapa insentif dan kemudahan bagi pelaku ekowisata. Kedua, model kebijakan hukum pemerintah provinsi NTB dalam mendukung ekowisata adalah dengan membuat landasan hukum kebijakan berupa peraturan daerah provinsi tentang pariwisata berbasis lingkungan melalui indikasi program pembangunan kepariwisataan daerah yang dapat ditetapkan dalam sebuah Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Daerah.