bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence in dentistry. Part two.
Authors:   Lviv National Medical University named after Danylo Halytskyi, Lviv, Ukraine., Makeev V. , Shcherba P. ,   Lviv National Medical University named after Danylo Halytskyi, Lviv, Ukraine.
Published: October 2024

Summary. This study on the refinement of sources of scientific and medical information regarding the role and importance of artificial intelligence in the field of «dentistry» is a continuation of the previous study, which is presented in the publication [1] and concerns such sub-fields of the «dentistry» specialty as «prosthetic dentistry», «orthodontics», «implantology», and «radiology». Purpose: to systematize and review the available data of scientific research information for the period 2020-2024 regarding the application of artificial intelligence technologies in the specialty «dentistry», in particular in such areas as «prosthetic dentistry», «orthodontics», «implantology» and «radiology» and the possibilities of AI in clinical implications. Material and methods. A literature search was conducted on the PubMed service on February 26, 2024. The initial search was carried out using MeSH algorithms: (((«artificial intelligence»[MeSH Terms]) OR («artificial intelligence»[All Fields])) OR («ai»[All Fields])) AND («dentistry»[MeSH Terms]). Publications for the period 2020-2024 were considered. The initial search of the literature included 46 publications. After a detailed analysis of the selected publications, 26 publications, that met the needs, were left for further processing. Also added 6 publications manually, from other services, which disclosed the given topic. Accordingly, the total number of publications used for the analysis was 32 articles. From this list of articles, 22 publications were selected that corresponded to the topic of this study. Research results. This research focuses on the growing intersection of artificial intelligence and dentistry with the goal of providing a comprehensive and reasonably up-to-date overview of the various applications, challenges, and opportunities that arise at the intersection of these fields. Through the selected articles, this study aims to explore the impact of artificial intelligence on diagnostic procedures, treatment methods and the overall principle of healthcare delivery using revolutionary technologies. Conclusion. Artificial intelligence is increasingly included in the daily work of dentists, which requires a wider acquaintance with its capabilities in various fields of dentistry. Key words: Artificial intelligence, dentistry, prosthetic dentistry, implantology, orthodontics, radiology.
Koko talo kasvattaa?
Authors: Ylitapio-Mäntylä Outi , Uitto Minna , Keränen Virve , Rossi-Salow Minna , Lanas Maija
Published: October 2024

Monitoimitalot ovat aikamme ilmiö, joissa eri alojen ammattilaiset työskentelevät yhdessä yhteisissä tiloissa. Tässä kerronnallisessa tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan toimijuutta monitoimitaloissa siellä työskentelevien ammattilaisten kertomana. Tutkimuskysymys on: Millaiseksi ammattilaisten toimijuus monitoimitaloissa kerrotaan? Tutkimusaineisto koostuu vertaismentorointiryhmissä käydyistä keskusteluista. Ryhmiin osallistui monitoimitaloissa työskenteleviä eri ammatteja edustavia henkilöitä. Aineisto analysoitiin aineistolähtöisesti. Tutkimustulosten mukaan ammattilaiset neuvottelivat toimijuuttaan suhteessa rakenteisiin ja toimintaperiaatteisiin. Neuvottelua käytiin yksilöllisestä ja kollektiivisesta toimijuudesta omien työnkuvien puitteissa sekä sääntöjen ja vastuun näkökulmista. Tutkimuksessa tuodaan esiin, että vertaisryhmämentorointi tarjoaa mahdollisuuden kehittää työyhteisöjen toimintakulttuuria ja reflektoida siihen liittyviä muutoksia.
Koulun ja opettajan mahdollisuus yhteiskunnan kriittiseen uudistamiseen
Authors: Juvonen Sara
Published: October 2024

Lectio praecursoria kasvatustieteen väitöskirjaan School in society: Teachers enacting the purposes of education, Helsingin yliopistossa 4.6.2024.
Short-term outcomes of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum in preterm neonates: a double-blind placebocontrolled randomized trial
Authors: Lamsehchi Ameneh , Solgi Maryam Shokouhi , Sabzehei Mohammad Kazem , Basiri Behnaz , Ghane Elahe Talebi , Asadi Kiana Kimiaei , Azadnajafabad Sina
Published: October 2024

Background: The oropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OAC) in neonates has several benefits.Purpose: To investigate the short-term outcomes of OAC in preterm neonates.Methods: We performed this 2-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial at a tertiary neonatal center in Iran in 2021–2023. The intervention and control arms received 0.2 mL of their mother’s colostrum or distilled water via oropharyngeal administration every 6 hours for 3 days starting from birth until 72 hours of age. The main study outcomes were neonatal death, the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), length of hospital stay, and period to full enteral feeding. A regression analysis was used to adjust for possible confounders.Results: A total of 126 neonates (mean gestational age, 30.05 weeks) were randomized to the intervention and placebo groups (n=63 each) and had a mean±standard deviation weight of 1,247±193 g versus 1,156±215 g (P=0.013) and 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of 6.35 versus 5.38 (P=0.003) and 7.84 versus 7.13 (P=0.001), respectively. The mortality rate was 12.7% in the intervention group versus 14.3% in the placebo group (P=0.794). The necrotizing enterocolitis rate was significantly lower in the intervention versus placebo arm (11.1% vs. 28.6%, respectively, P=0.010), as was the clinically suspected sepsis rate (15.9% vs. 39.7%, respectively, P=0.004). The ROP and bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates did not differ significantly between groups after the adjustment for confounders. The mean length of hospital stay was shorter in the intervention group (26.1 days vs. 37.32 days, P=0.023). Moreover, the mean duration of antibiotic therapy and period to full feeding were significantly shorter in the intervention group.Conclusion: OAC could effectively decrease the incidence of complications in preterm infants and facilitate earlier patient discharge.
Copper requirements of animals and pastures in New Zealand pastoral agriculture - a review
Authors: Morton Jeff
Published: October 2024

More copper (Cu) is required for the growth of cattle and deer than sheep and pasture. National and regional farm surveys showed that mean pasture Cu
concentrations were generally within or above the required range for pasture growth and lambs but below that for cattle and deer. Pasture concentrations of
molybdenum (Mo) of up to 7 mg/kg for lambs and 10 mg/kg for deer had no effect on liveweight gain provided that pasture Cu concentrations
were 7 to 8 mg/kg or greater. From twenty-one sites, there was a significant response to Cu in animal liveweight gain and wool weight only from lambs injected
monthly with Cu and deer grazing pasture top dressed with copper sulphur, both on pasture with high Mo concentrations. Daily drenching of animals with
copper sulphate or chelated Cu and the use of Cu capsules or copper oxide (CuO) wire particles was more effective at increasing liver Cu concentration than Cu
injections or topdressing with copper sulphate. There was a significant pasture yield response measured on Recent and podzolised soils that had pasture Cu
concentrations in the deficient range. There is a need for more research on the response in liveweight gain of cattle and deer from different Cu treatments at
varying pasture Mo concentrations.
Animal performance over 16 years after implementing a lucerne grazing system on Bog Roy Station - a case study
Authors: Moot Derrick , Anderson Peter , Anderson Lisa , Anderson David
Published: October 2024

In 2023, the animal performance data for Bog Roy station show 151 t weaned lamb is being produced from 4272 ewes plus 9.0 t from hogget lambs. The ability to mate merino hoggets has resulted from increased feed supply that means mixed age ewes are now consistently averaging 65.6±1.17 kg/hd at mating (2019-2023). This has enabled an emphasis on two-tooth weight at mating, which has also increased 0.74±0.14 kg/hd/yr (R2 = 0.64) from 52 kg/hd in 2012 to 61 kg/hd in 2023. Consequently, scanning is consistently ~167±1.59% for the mixed age ewes (2012-2023) and increased from 113% (2008) to 154% (2023) in the two-tooths. Lamb wastage for the mixed age ewes has decreased 0.70±0.08%/yr (R2 = 0.88) to 15% in 2023 and, although more variable (R2 = 0.13), the wastage in two-tooths has also reduced from 32% (2014) to 21% (2023). Lamb wastage is negatively related to two-tooth weight at set-stocking, so feeding young stock is a priority. Since 2016, pre-weaning merino lamb growth rates have averaged 286±4.39 g/hd/d with weaning now at 79.3±2.56 days. This consistency coincided with the addition of 210 ha of feed under pivot irrigation that was initially sown in red and white clover and is now in lucerne/grass mixes. The additional feed has meant wool production has remained constant throughout the 15 years of pasture development. Cow numbers have been used to buffer the changes in pasture supply as the dryland and pivot development occurred. These have now increased to their highest level since the development began. The major change in farm income has resulted from the earlier sale of more lambs at a higher average price because they are heavier due to the extra feed. This unique long-term dataset of on-farm performance provides a commercial example of transformational change that has resulted from changes in the farm system, driven by direct feeding of dryland lucerne and irrigation development focused on growing young stock in this 420 mm rainfall environment.
Slavery, Colonialism and Civic Culture: The Development of Philanthropic Institutions in North East Scotland
Authors: Lee Matthew
Published: October 2024

This article explores the links between the development of civic culture, philanthropic endeavours, and the proceeds of enslavement and colonialism in North East Scotland. Assessment of the financial records of establishments dedicated to improving health, poor relief and education in this region underpins this article. This article demonstrates that the North East's colonial elite were keen philanthropists in ways similar to their counterparts elsewhere in Britain. Colonial capital played a discernible – if at times minor – role in funding North East philanthropy. There were differing degrees of impact across each institution, both in the scale of the financial contribution and its geographical provenance. Moreover, the evidence detailed in this article suggests that the Caribbean and South Asia milieu in the North East took different approaches to philanthropy. The former contributed more regularly and often to existing institutions; the latter tended toward endowing new projects. Deriving its conclusions from under-examined evidence and a Caribbean-South Asia comparative framework, this article shows that research on philanthropic organisations can generate a clearer understanding of the legacies of enslavement and colonialism in Scotland.
The Application of Self-Determination Theory in Psychological Counseling Process
Authors: Güleç Sezen
Published: October 2024

Self Determination Theory (SDT) is an important theoretical framework used in psychological counseling to increase intrinsic motivation, strengthen psychological well-being and support behavioural changes. This study examines the applications and effects of SDT in psychological counseling in detail. Deci and Ryan SDT focuses on the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness to increase the intrinsic motivation of individuals. Meeting these basic needs has positive effects on the psychological well-being of clients. SDT applications in psychological counseling stand out with their effectiveness in increasing client engagement and commitment to therapy. The autonomy-supportive approaches of SDT encourage clients to participate more actively in the therapy processes, which positively affects therapeutic outcomes. Research shows that SDT increases clients' intrinsic motivation and this motivation leads to high success rates in therapeutic processes. In the study, the application examples and case studies section shows how SDT is applied in various therapeutic contexts and what results it yields. The case studies illustrate how SDT supports clients' psychological well-being and is effective in behavioural change processes. Clinical research and meta-analyses provide important findings supporting the general validity and effectiveness of SDT. In conclusion, SDT is an effective approach in psychological counseling to increase clients' intrinsic motivation, strengthen their psychological well-being and support long-term changes.
Variations of aquaculture structures, operations, and maintenance with increasing ocean energy
Authors: Heasman Kevin G. , Scott Nicholas , Sclodnick Tyler , Chambers Michael , Costa-Pierce Barry , Dewhurst Tobias , Isbert Wolf , Buck Bela H.
Published: October 2024

Aquaculture in exposed and/or distant ocean sites is an emerging industry and field of study that addresses the need to improve food security along with the challenges posed by expansion of urban and coastal stakeholders into nearshore and sheltered marine waters. This move necessitates innovative solutions for this industry to thrive in high-energy environments. Some innovative research has increased understanding of the physics, hydrodynamics, and structural requirements enabling the development of appropriate systems. The blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), the New Zealand green shell or green lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), and the Pacific Oyster (Magallana gigas), are the primary targets for commercial exposed bivalve aquaculture. Researchers and industry members are actively advancing existing structures and developing new structures and methodologies for these and alternative high-value species suitable for such conditions. For macroalgae (seaweed) cultivation, such as sugar kelp (Saccharina latissimi), oar weed (Laminaria digitata), or kelp sp. (Ecklonia sp.), longline systems are commonly used, but further development is needed to withstand fully exposed environments and improve productivity and efficiency. In marine finfish aquaculture, three primary design categories for open ocean net pens are identified: flexible gravity pens, rigid megastructures, closed pens, and submersible pens. As aquaculture ventures into more demanding environments, a concerted focus on operational efficiency is imperative. This publication considers the commercial and research progress relating to the requirements of aquaculture’s expansion into exposed seas, with a particular focus on the cultivation of bivalves, macroalgae, and marine finfish cultivation technologies and structural developments.
Comparison between gas insufflation and gasless techniques for endoscopic transaxillary thyroidectomy
Authors: Lin Li , Chen Shuxun , Lu Yizhuo
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes and prognosis of endoscopic thyroidectomy via axillary approach using insufflation and gasless methods.

Methods

Retrospective analysis included patients undergoing endoscopic thyroidectomy at our institution from June 2022 to October 2023. Patients were categorized into insufflation and gasless groups. Analysis compared surgical time, blood loss, drainage volume, tube removal time, hospital stay, complications, pain score, and incision satisfaction.

Results

73 patients (48 insufflation, 25 gasless) were analyzed. Insufflation technique showed significantly superior outcomes: shorter surgery duration, reduced drainage volume, earlier tube removal, shorter hospital stay, and higher incision satisfaction (all P < 0.05). Postoperative pain (VAS) was lower in insufflation group on first day, but no significant difference on seventh day. No significant differences in blood loss or complications were observed.

Conclusion

Insufflation technique offers advantages over gasless method including shorter operation time, reduced drainage, earlier tube removal, and shorter hospital stays, with comparable outcomes in pain and incision satisfaction.
Endocrine disorders in Rett syndrome: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Pepe Giorgia , Coco Roberto , Corica Domenico , Luppino Giovanni , Morabito Letteria Anna , Lugarà Cecilia , Abbate Tiziana , Zirilli Giuseppina , Aversa Tommaso , Stagi Stefano , Wasniewska Malgorzata
Published: October 2024

Background

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked progressive neurodevelopmental disorder that involves mainly girls and is the second most frequent cause of genetic intellectual disability. RTT leads to neurological regression between 6 and 18 months of life and could be associated with a variable neurological impairment. However, RTT affects not only neurological function but also wide aspects of non-neurological organs. Recent data showed that the endocrine system is often involved in RTT patients, including disorders of growth, bone health, thyroid, puberty onset, and weight abnormalities However, systematic data on endocrinopathies in RTT are scarce and limited.

Objective

This review aims to analyze the prevalence and type of endocrine comorbidities in RTT population, to allow a precocious diagnosis and appropriate endocrinological management.

Methods

Systematic research was carried out from January 2000 to March 2024 through MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library.

Results

After the selection phase, a total of 22 studies (1090 screened) met the inclusion criteria and were reported in the present review. Five studies were observational-retrospective, four were cross-sectional and case report or series, three were survey, prospective, and case-control, and finally one study for descriptive-transversal and longitudinal population-based study. The sample population consisted of multiethnic groups or single ethnic groups. The main endocrinopathies reported were malnutrition, bone alterations, and alterations of puberty onset.

Conclusions

Our analysis shows that endocrinopathies are not rare in RTT patients. Therefore, in the context of a multidisciplinary approach, accurate screening and monitoring for endocrinopathies should be recommended in all RTT patients, to improve clinical practice, healthcare management, and, finally, patients’ quality of life.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of porcine and human anti-influenza hemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies in outbred pigs and minipigs
Authors: Paudyal Basudev , Moorhouse Elliot , Sharma Bhawna , Dodds Michael , Nguyen Victor , Milad Mark , Tchilian Elma
Published: October 2024

Assessing the pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in relevant animal models is essential for designing improved formulations and developing mAb delivery platforms. We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza with many similarities to humans, as a robust model for testing the therapeutic efficacy of anti-influenza mAbs and evaluating mAb delivery platforms. Here, we compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics of two anti-influenza hemagglutinin mAbs, human 2-12C and porcine pb27, in Göttingen minipigs and Landrace × Large White outbred pigs. Minipigs offer the advantage of a more stable weight, whereas outbred pigs are more readily available but exhibit rapid growth. Outbred pigs and minipigs showed similar pharmacokinetics and a similar porcine pb27 half-life (half-life of 15.7 days for outbred pigs and 16.6 days for minipigs). In contrast, the half-life of human 2-12C was more rapid in two of the minipigs but not in the outbred pigs, correlating with the development of antidrug antibodies in the two minipigs. Our results demonstrate that both outbred pigs and minipigs are appropriate models for pharmacokinetic studies and the evaluation of mAb delivery platforms, potentially bridging the gap between small animals and human trials.
The role of inflammatory response and metabolic reprogramming in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential
Authors: Liu An-Bu , Tan Bin , Yang Ping , Tian Na , Li Jin-Kui , Wang Si-Cong , Yang Li-Shan , Ma Lei , Zhang Jun-Fei
Published: October 2024

Sepsis represents a severe condition characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Among the organs affected, the kidneys are particularly vulnerable, with significant functional impairment that markedly elevates mortality rates. Previous researches have highlighted that both inflammatory response dysregulation and metabolic reprogramming are crucial in the onset and progression of sepsis associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI), making these processes potential targets for innovative therapies. This study aims to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of renal injury in sepsis by perspective of inflammatory response dysregulation, with particular emphasis on pyroptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Furthermore, it will incorporate insights into metabolic reprogramming to provide a detailed analysis of the mechanisms driving SA-AKI and explore potential targeted therapeutic strategies, providing solid theoretical framework for the development of targeted therapies for SA-AKI.
Methane seepage activities in the Qiongdongnan Basin since MIS2
Authors: Luo Xiaokang , Yuan Yajuan , Zhang Wei , Huang Wei , Ou Shimin , Ji Chunsheng , Cao Jun
Published: October 2024

Gas hydrates are globally acknowledged as a significant strategic alternative energy source, and there is a consensus on the necessity to enhance their exploration. However, gas hydrates are highly prone to decomposition under variations in external environmental conditions, which can result in subsea methane seepage activities. Consequently, investigating subsea methane seepage activities holds substantial theoretical and practical significance for exploring gas hydrates. This paper evaluates the history of methane seepage activities in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB) by analyzing the carbon and oxygen isotopic characteristics of benthic foraminifera and the geochemical properties of pore water from gravity sediment cores at sites QH-CL4 and QH-CL40. The results indicate that since the Marine isotope stage2 (MIS2), continuous micro-methane seepage activity has been present in the QDNB, characterized by a slight negative deviation in the carbon isotopes of benthic foraminifera. Methane seepage activity intensified during 14.6 ka BP and between 19.64–23.22 ka BP. This increase is thought to be associated with rising seawater temperature during the Bølling–Allerød interstadial and declining sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum, respectively. Moreover, current geochemical characteristics of pore water reveal strong methane seepage activity, with flux as high as 28.968 mmol·m-²·a-¹. This ongoing activity has led to gas hydrate formation within shallow layers while also causing negative deviations in pore water salinity.
Age-related cataract without surgery is related to exacerbated depression symptoms: a cross-sectional study of Chinese adults from Anhui, China
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Hexia , Cao Quangang
Published: October 2024

Objective

The present study sought to evaluate the relationship between age-related cataracts, a prevalent ocular condition among the elderly, and the occurrence of depressive symptoms within a cohort of Chinese adults residing in Anhui, China.

Methods

A survey involving 252 Chinese individuals aged 65 years and older was conducted at Lu’an People’s Hospital. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) consisting of 17 items, while age-related cataracts were clinically classified according to the Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III. Depressive symptoms were identified by a HAMD score exceeding 7. Logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) pertaining to the association between age-related cataracts and depressive symptoms.

Results

Cataract patients aged 65 years and older had significantly higher scores of depressive symptoms than those under 65 years (mean scores of 8.17 ± 3.26 versus 5.18 ± 1.86, p < 0.001). In addition, patients aged 65 years and above exhibited a diminished quality of life relative to patients aged under 65 years. The findings indicated that adults experiencing depressive symptoms reported lower monthly incomes (p = 0.036), lower educational attainment (p = 0.044), and living alone (p = 0.007). Furthermore, fewer elderly patients with depressive symptoms received surgical treatment (15 patients) than those without depressive symptoms (61 patients), with a significant difference (p = 0.011). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of depressive symptoms was significantly correlated with a lack of formal education (p = 0.048), reduced income (p = 0.003), solitary living arrangements (p = 0.025), and the presence of cataracts without surgical intervention (p = 0.007).

Conclusion

These findings suggested a significant association between age-related cataracts and depressive symptoms among older adults. Specifically, cataracts that remain untreated surgically were notably linked to depression in elderly patients. It is recommended that initiatives and resources be directed toward surgical treatment programs for cataracts in individuals exhibiting depressive symptoms.
Gender and race in neurotrauma: part 1-identifying inequalities in leadership, academics, and clinical trial management
Authors: Churchill Isabella F. , Sue Téa , Parr Ann M. , Tsai Eve C.
Published: October 2024

Gender and racial equality, or the lack thereof, is a constantly recurring theme in neurosurgery and under-reported in neurotrauma literature. This perspective piece addresses the underrepresentation and challenges faced by women and racial minorities in neurosurgery, and within the workforce of neurotrauma, specifically. The literature demonstrates that there is still a scarcity of females and racial minorities in neurosurgery leadership positions and that females are less likely to receive invited papers. The persistent challenges in navigating gender and racial dynamics in neurosurgery/neurotrauma underscore the need for progress in advancing intersectionality within the field, emphasizing the importance of addressing inequalities. Several strategies to improve gender and racial diversity in neurotrauma workforce, leadership and academics are presented.
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce cytochrome c oxidase in brain white matter and sensorimotor regions while increasing functional interactions between neural systems related to escape behavior in postpartum rats
Authors: Rivers Carley , Farber Christopher , Heath Melissa , Gonzales Elisa , Barrett Douglas W. , Gonzalez-Lima F. , Lane Michelle A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Previously, we showed that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid n-3 (PUFA) supplementation improved the performance of postpartum rats in the shuttle box escape test (SBET).

Methods

The brains of these rats were used in the current study which examined brain cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity in white matter bundles and 39 regions spanning sensorimotor, limbic, and cognitive areas to determine the effects of n-3 PUFAs on neural metabolic capacity and network interactions.

Results

We found that n-3 PUFA supplementation decreased CCO activity in white matter bundles, deep and superficial areas within the inferior colliculus, the anterior and barrel field regions of the primary somatic sensorimotor cortex, the secondary somatic sensorimotor cortex, the lateral, anterior regions of the secondary visual cortex and the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, and the medial nucleus of the amygdala. Structural equation modeling revealed that animals consuming diets without n-3 PUFAs exhibited fewer inter-regional interactions when compared to those fed diets with n-3 PUFAs. Without n-3 PUFAs, inter-regional interactions were observed between the posterior cingulate cortex and amygdala as well as among amygdala subregions. With n-3 PUFAs, more inter-regional interactions were observed, particularly between regions associated with fear memory processing and escape. Correlations between regional CCO activity and SBET behavior were observed in rats lacking dietary n-3 PUFAs but not in those supplemented with these nutrients.

Discussion

In conclusion, consumption of n-3 PUFAs results in reduced CCO activity in white matter bundles and sensorimotor regions, reflecting more efficient neurotransmission, and an increase in inter-regional interactions, facilitating escape from footshock.
Identification of independent risk factors for hypoalbuminemia in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4: the construction of a nomogram
Authors: Wang Chong-Hui , Jiang Meng-Han , Ma Ji-Min , Yuan Ming-Cong , Liao Lei , Duan Hao-Zhang , Wang Dan , Duan Lian
Published: October 2024

Background

Hypoalbuminemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with various adverse clinical events. Currently, there are few studies focused on identifying risk factors and constructing models for hypoalbuminemia in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. This study aims to identify independent risk factors for hypoalbuminemia in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 and construct a nomogram for predicting the risk of hypoalbuminemia in these patients.

Methods

A total of 237 patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 treated at Anning First People’s Hospital from January to December 2023 were included. Univariate and bidirectional stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for hypoalbuminemia in these patients. Based on the results of logistic regression analyses, a nomogram was constructed. The model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.

Results

Hemoglobin, red blood cells, serum sodium, and serum calcium were identified as independent risk factors for hypoalbuminemia in these patients. The contributions of each independent risk factor to hypoalbuminemia were visualized in a nomogram. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the model was 0.819, indicating good discrimination. The calibration curves showed good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes. The decision curve analysis also verified that the model had the good clinical utility.

Conclusion

Hemoglobin, red blood cells, serum sodium, and serum calcium were identified as independent risk factors of hypoalbuminemia in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. The nomogram exhibits good discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility, offering a reliable tool for the early prediction and identification of hypoalbuminemia in these patients.
Case report: A case study of variant calling pipeline selection effect on the molecular diagnostics outcome
Authors: Skitchenko Rostislav , Smirnov Sergey , Krapivin Mikhail , Smirnova Anna , Artomov Mykyta , Loboda Alexander , Dinikina Yulia
Published: October 2024

Next-generation sequencing technologies have not only defined a breakthrough in medical genetics, but also been able to enter routine clinical practice to determine individual genetic susceptibilities. Modern technological developments are routinely introduced to genetic analysis overtaking the established approaches, potentially raising a number of challenges. To what extent is the advantage of new methodologies in synthetic metrics, such as precision and recall, more important than stability and reproducibility? Could differences in the technical protocol for calling variants be crucial to the diagnosis and, by extension, the patient’s treatment strategy? A regulatory review process may delay the incorporation of potentially beneficial technologies, resulting in missed opportunities to make the right medical decisions. On the other hand, a blind adoption of new technologies based solely on synthetic metrics of precision and recall can lead to incorrect conclusions and adverse outcomes for the specific patient. Here, we use the example of a patient with a WHO-diagnosed desmoplastic/nodular SHH-medulloblastoma to explore how the choice of DNA variant search protocol affects the genetic diagnostics outcome.
The identification and correction of pseudohypercalcemia
Authors: Yu Tongyong , Li Xiaozhe , Huang Beihui , Gu Jingli , Liu Junru , Chen Meilan , Li Juan
Published: October 2024

Background

We found that a subset of patients with monoclonal gammopathy exhibited hypercalcemia without apparent causes or clinical manifestations In a cohort of 289 monoclonal gammopathy patients, 2.4% presented with such atypical hypercalcemia, with one notable case exhibiting normal ionized calcium levels, suggesting the presence of pseudohypercalcemia.

Objective

The aim of this study is to elucidate the factors contributing to pseudohypercalcemia in monoclonal gammopathy and to develop a novel globulin-corrected calcium formula for clinical application.

Methods

This observational study enrolled 110 monoclonal gammopathy patients from our center. An additional 33 patients were recruited to validate the newly proposed formula. Univariate analysis identified potential risk factors. And multivariate logistic regression identified definitive influential factors. The determined influential factors were utilized to develop a formula by multiple linear regression, which was validated by a paired t-test and the Youden index.

Results

This study found that globulin was a risk factor for pseudohypercalcemia. It revealed that pseudohypercalcemia should be considered in patients with globulin levels ≥61 g/L (P=0.014). Both albumin and globulin were confirmed as independent factors associated with bound calcium. Given that, we developed a formula to correct ionized calcium levels, which was consistent with ionized calcium tested by blood gas analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of the new formula (Youden index is 0.906) is better than the traditional formula (Youden index is 0.906). Interestingly, all monoclonal immunoglobulin types, except for light chains, showed an equal propensity to develop pseudohypercalcemia (P=0.306). It also showed a linear correlation between IgA, IgG, and IgM and bound calcium.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that elevated globulin affects serum total calcium and offered the threshold of globulin ≥ 61 g/L in the differential diagnosis of peudohypercalcemia from hypercalcemia. The new formula based on albumin and globulin was developed, which was verified to be better than the traditional formula for correctly diagnosing hypercalcemia. In addition, we found that neither light chains nor heavy chains of monoclonal immunoglobulin alone can result in pseudohypercalcemia.
A multi-institutional trial evaluating the use of an integrated quality assurance phantom for frameless single-isocenter multitarget stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Capaldi Dante P. I. , Skinner Lawrie B. , Pinkham Daniel W. , Zavgorodni Sergei , Stafford Olga , Shirmohammad Maryam , Matney Jason E. , Dubrowski Piotr , De Jean Paul , Grafil Elliot M. , Yu Amy S.
Published: October 2024

Background

Brain radiosurgery treatments require multiple quality-assurance (QA) procedures to ensure accurate and precise treatment delivery of ablative doses. As single-isocenter multitarget radiosurgery treatments become more popular for treating patients with multiple brain metastases, quantifying off-axis accuracy of linear accelerators is crucial. In this study, we developed a novel brain radiosurgery integrated phantom and validated this phantom at multiple institutions to enable radiosurgery QA with a single phantom to facilitate implementation of a frameless single-isocenter, multitarget radiosurgery program. The phantom combines multiple independent verification system tests including the Winston-Lutz test, off-axis accuracy evaluation (i.e., off-axis Winston-Lutz), as well as dosimetric measurements utilizing both point dose and film measurement.

Methods and materials

A novel 3D-printed phantom, coined OneIso, was designed with a movable insert which can switch between Winston-Lutz test targets and dose measurement without moving the phantom itself. In total, four phantoms were printed, and eight institutions participated in this study, which included both Varian TrueBeam (n=6) and Elekta Versa (n=2) linear accelerators. For off-axis Winston-Lutz measurements, a row of off-axis ball-bearings (BBs) was integrated into the OneIso. To quantify the spatial accuracy versus distance from isocenter, two-dimensional displacements were calculated between the planned and delivered BB locations relative to their respective MLC-defined field borders. For dose verification, brain radiosurgery clinical treatment plans previously treated were delivered at multiple cancer centers (six of eight centers). Radiochromic film and pinpoint ion chamber comparison measurements were obtained with OneIso.

Results

Dose verification performed using the OneIso phantom across the different centers were all within on average 3% agreement, for both film and point-dose measurements. OneIso identified a reduction in spatial accuracy further away from isocenter for all eight radiosurgery machines. Differences increased as distance from isocenter increased, exceeding recommended radiosurgery accuracy tolerances (<1mm) at different distances for each machine (2-7cm), indicating that the tolerance is machine-dependent.

Conclusion

OneIso provides a streamlined, single-setup workflow for single-isocenter multitarget frameless linac-based radiosurgery QA that can be easily translated to multiple institutions. Additionally, quantifying off-axis spatial discrepancies allows for determination of the maximum distance between targets and iso that meet single-isocenter multitarget radiosurgery program recommendations.
Safety and efficacy of combined acetabular reconstruction and microwave ablation in the treatment of periacetabular metastatic disease: a retrospective clinical evaluation
Authors: Zheng Chuanxi , Qiu Jin , Zhou Xiayi , Xu Gang , Lan Tao , Zhang Shiquan , Li Wei
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The periacetabular bone defects caused by metastatic disease often necessitate acetabular reconstruction and various techniques have been employed with varying degrees of success. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acetabular reconstruction in conjunction with adjuvant microwave ablation as a surgical intervention for patients with periacetabular metastases.

Methods

Between January 2019 and September 2023, 17 consecutive patients with different tumor subtypes required surgical intervention for periacetabular metastases. The acetabular reconstruction was performed by utilizing an acetabular reconstructive cage and cement total hip arthroplasty with microwave ablation. A retrospective review was performed to assess pain relief, intraoperative details and postoperative complications. Functional status following procedures was determined by the 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and the overall survival of patients was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis

Results

In total, 8 males and 9 females were included with an average age of 48.6 years (range 34-66). Patients reported a significant improvement in the level of pain and the mean VAS score declined from 7.7 preoperatively to 2.2 postoperatively. Of the 17 patients, 16 could ambulate either independently (6 patients) or using a walking aid (10 patients) with a mean MSTS score of 18.9. The median follow‐up was 9.0 months. Nine patients were alive at the most recent follow-up with overall survival of 40.9% at 12 months and 30.7% at 36 months, respectively.

Conclusion

In selected patients with periacetabular metastasis, the utilization of an acetabular cage and cement total hip arthroplasty presents a less invasive reconstruction technique. The incorporation of adjuvant microwave ablation has shown promise in providing long-lasting pain relief, reducing intraoperative bleeding, and improving local tumor control. However, further research and extended follow-up are necessary to establish the effectiveness of this procedure.
Opioid-free strategies for patient-controlled intravenous postoperative analgesia: a review of recent studies
Authors: Luo Xin , Rao Pan-Guo , Lei Xing-Heng , Yang Wen-Wen , Liao Bao-Zhen , Guo Rui
Published: October 2024

Postoperative pain management has consistently been a critical topic in the medical field, with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) being one of the most commonly utilized methods for postoperative analgesia. Currently, opioids remain the primary choice for PCIA in clinical practice. However, in recent years, an increasing number of studies have explored analgesic strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating the use of opioids in PCIA to mitigate the associated side effects and dependence. This article systematically reviews the progress of research on opioid-free analgesic strategies in PCIA through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature.
Biomaterial-mediated delivery of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients for spinal cord injury: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Gang , Pei Zhenzhen , Bai Huizhong , Huo Luyao , Deng Bowen , Jiang Shengyuan , Tao Jingwei , Xu Lin , Li Jinyu , Gao Feng , Mu Xiaohong
Published: October 2024

Objective

Biomaterials loaded with ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are viewed as a promising strategy for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). However, a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on this topic has not yet been conducted. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews researches related to this approach, aiming to identify gaps and shortcomings in the field.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for retrieving studies on biomaterials loaded with TCM ingredients published from their inception to October 2024. Two reviewers performed screening of search results, information extraction, and literature quality assessment independently.

Results

For this systematic review, 41 publications were included. Six TCM ingredients-paclitaxel, curcumin, tetramethylpyrazine, resveratrol, berberine, and tanshinone IIA were combined with biomaterials for treatment of SCI. Biomaterials were categorized into hydrogels, biodegradable scaffolds, nanoparticles, and microspheres according to the type of scaffold. These drug delivery systems exhibit commendable biocompatibility, drug-loading capacity, and drug-release capabilities, and in combination with TCM ingredients, synergistically contribute to anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects.

Conclusion

These studies demonstrated the efficacy of biomaterials loaded with TCM ingredients in facilitating motor function recovery and neuroprotection in SCI rats, providing evidence for future research. However, in the complex microenvironment of SCI, achieving the maximum drug loading capacity of TCM ingredients within biomaterials, along with sustained and controlled release to fully exert their pharmacological effects, remains a major challenge for future research.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ identifier CRD42024505000.
Combined administration of catalpol, puerarin, gastrodin, and borneol modulates the Tlr4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviates microglia inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ren Huijing , Tang Ling , Yuan Zhiying , Liu Yang , Zhou Xuejiao , Xiao Xiao , Wu Xingyu , Chen Weihai , Chen Yi , Wang Hongjin , Xue Qiang , Xu Xiaoyu
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, with no effective treatment currently available. In recent decades, various traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their active ingredients have shown the potential to attenuate the pathogenesis of AD in cellular and animal models. However, the effects of TCM formulas, which are typically administered in practice, have been less studied. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of several formulas consisting of 4 components herbal components: catalpol, puerarin, gastrodin, and borneol, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD models in cells and rats. The new object recognition (NOR), elevated plus maze (EMP), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to evaluate the cognitive functions of rats. Golgi staining, Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining, and Nissl staining analyses were employed assess the physiology of hippocampal tissues. Gene expression profiles were analyzed used transcriptomics and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, while protein expression levels were determined using immunoblotting, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence. The production of cytokines was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrated that the combined administration of these 4 components (CPGB) had superior mitigating effects on AD cell model, as evidenced by the reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and decreased deposition of Aβ protein. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that varying doses of CPGB formula effectively ameliorated STZ-induced cognitive deficits, as shown by NOR, MWM, and EMP tests, as well as pathological changes in hippocampal tissues and a 3-dimensional brain neurovascular unit (3D-NVU) model, including decreased deposition of Aβ protein and formation of plaques. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis identified 35 genes with significantly altered expression levels due to STZ and CPGB treatment in hippocampal tissues, which were enriched in the Tlr4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Interference with this pathway significantly influenced the therapeutic effects of CPGB in the 3D-NVU model. Collectively, these findings suggest that the combined administration of catalpol, puerarin, gastrodin, and borneol offers superior therapeutic effects on AD by modulating the Tlr4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study strengthens the theoretical foundation for using TCMs to treat AD, proving new insights and references for alleviating and treating AD.