bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osmanlı-Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmalarında Önemli Bir İtalyan Arşivi: Fondazione Ansaldo/Gruppo Finmeccanica (Cenova Ansaldo Firması Tarih Arşivi)
Authors: Doğan Güner
Published: August 2024

Osmanlı Devleti’nin İtalya ile olan ilişkileri oldukça köklü bir geçmişe sahiptir. Venedik, Ceneviz ve Floransa gibi İtalya’nın birçok kent devleti ile olan evvela ticari ilişkiler yüzyıllar içerisinde ve özellikle İtalya’nın 1861 yılında siyasal birliğini sağlamasına kadar birçok alanda farklı çerçevelerde devam etmiştir. Sultan Abdülhamid döneminden Millî Mücadele dönemine kadar dost bir ülke olarak İtalya, 1922 yılından itibaren Anadolu’da gerçekleştirdikleri işgaller ile bu dostluğu bozmuştur. Her ne kadar iki ülke arasında yaşanan gerginlikler devam etse de özellikle bazı ticari ilişkilerin bu süreç içerisinde sürdüğünü belirtmek gerekir. Bunlardan birisi de Türk donanmasının modernizasyonu meselesidir. 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde İtalya’nın Cenova kentine gönderilen Osmanlı gemilerinin restorasyonu ve buna müteakip İtalya’ya ödenmesi gereken borçlar Cumhuriyet dönemine kadar iki ülke arasında türlü sorunların oluşmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Atatürk dönemi modernleşme hareketinde Türk donanmasının modernizasyonu meselesinin çok mühim bir yerde olduğu muhakkaktır. Bu bakımdan bu çalışmanın önemli bir katkı yapacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Yunanistan Devlet Genel Arşivi ve Arşivcilik Çalışmaları
Authors: Özsüer Esra
Published: August 2024

Yunanca “archeion” kelimesinden gelen arşiv terimi işlemi sona ermiş resmî bir evrakın düzenli bir şekilde bir araya getirilip korunması demektir. Arşiv türleri içinde yer alan Devlet Arşivleri de bir ülkede devlet ile ilgili tüm resmî yazışmaları, telgrafları, mektup ve raporları bünyesinde muhafaza eden yer olarak aynı zamanda devletlerin tarihî belleği şeklinde nitelendirilebilir. Uluslar, arşivleri sayesinde hem kendi devletinin uluslararası düzeydeki haklarını hem de ülkesindeki bireysel hakları koruyabilirler. Dolayısıyla ulusal hafızanın canlı tutulmasındaki bir diğer önemli husus arşivlerin iyi muhafaza edilerek gelecek kuşaklara eksiksiz ve muhkem biçimde aktarılmasıdır. Arşiv belgeleri toplumsal, kültürel ve ekonomik bağlamda ulusların yaşam biçimleri ve görüşleri hakkında da bilgi verdiğinden tarih ve uluslararası ilişkiler araştırmalarında önemli bir rol üstlenmişlerdir. Bu minvalde düşünüldüğünde devletler tarihî süreç içinde etkileşim hâlinde olduğu diğer devletlerle yaptığı tüm antlaşmaları, yazışmaları ve raporları sıradan bir kâğıt malzemesi ile nitelendirmeyip kayda geçen ve geleceğe ışık tutan bilgi malzemeleri olarak tanımlamaktadırlar. Tarihî ve hukuki delil niteliğindeki her tür arşiv malzemesi geçmişi değil geleceği temsil eder. Bu makalede de devletlerin tarihî belleğini temsil eden ve akademik bir çalışmanın özgünlüğünü ortaya koyan arşivler Yunanistan Devlet Genel Arşivi (GAK) özelinde incelenmiştir. Yunanistan’da aktif olarak işleyişini sürdüren diğer kurum ve kuruluşlara ait arşivler de katalog hâlinde makalede belirtilmiştir. Makalenin Giriş bölümünde Tarih terminolojisi, belgeyi ön plana alan Ranke geleneği üzerinden açıklanmıştır. Birinci bölümde tarihte Türk-Yunan İlişkilerinin kısa özeti kronolojik sıraya uygun şekilde ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde arşiv belgeleri içinde en büyük yeri devlete ait kayıtlar tuttuğundan makalede de Yunanistan Devlet Genel Arşivi’nin kuruluşu, arşiv kaynaklarının tasnifinden bahsedilmiştir. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise Yunan Devlet Genel Arşivi ve Yunanistan’daki diğer arşivlerden elde edilen çeşitli belgelerin tarih yazımında kullanılmasında yaşanılan zorluklar hakkında kısa bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Kasus Perdagangan Minuman Keras (Beralkohol) Di Wilayah Aifat Kabupaten Maybrat
Authors: Kocu Jefry , Rakia A. Sakti R.S. , Marthin Sahertian
Published: August 2024

Jefry. Kocu (20183300110) “Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Perdagangan Minuman Keras (Beralkohol) Tanpa Izin Di wilayah Aifat Kabupaten Maybrat (Study Kasus Polsek Aifat)”. Dibimbing Oleh Dosen Pembimbing I Bapak Dr. A. Sakti R.S. SH.,MH Dan Dibimbing Juga Oleh Dosen Pembimbinh II Bapak Marthin Sahertian , SH.,M.H. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui  bagaimana tindakan aparat kepolisian terhadap kasus perdagangan minuman keras (Beralkohol) tanpa izin di wilayah Aifat Kabupaten Maybrat dan Apa kendala dalam melakukan penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan minuman keras tanpa izin di wilayah Aifat Kabupaten Maybrat. Selaras dengan tujuan yang dimaksudkan, dengan ini penulis menelusuri prinsip-prinsip dan tindakan kepolisian dalam penanggulangan terhadap kasus perdagangan minuman keras (Berakohol) di Polsek Aifat Kabupaten Maybrat. maka jenis penelitian ini tergolongan penelitian yuridis empiris dan sumber data berasal dari sumber data primer dan daata sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis, maka disimpullkan sebagai berikut; Melakukan Razia Terhadap Peredaran minuman keras (Beralkohol) secara ilegal. Melakukan sosialisasi tentang dampak minuman keras (Beralkohol) kepada masyarakat. Melakukan penyidikan. Pengledahan barang bukti. Melakukan Penangkapan. Dan ada faktor-faktor penghambat dalam tindakan aparat kepolisian dalam penanggulangan terhadap kasus perdagangan minuman keras secara ilegal sebagai berikut; Kurangnya respon masyarakat, dan masyarakat tertutup memberikan informasi kepada aparat kepolisian.
Restorative Justice Approach in Dealing with Crimes at Police Level (A Study at Polresta and Polres Sorong)
Authors: Buinei Gerson Sem , Hidaya Wahab Aznul , Mursid A. Faqih
Published: August 2024

In knowing and explaining the application of the Restorative Justice Approach in resolving criminal offences at the police level, it is essential to know and explain the influencing factors in overcoming criminal acts using this approach. Then the method used in this study is a sociological juridical approach. It identifies and conceptualizes law as a natural and functional social institution in a real-life system. Indonesian peoples have long practised the concept of a case settlement approach through restorative justice, such as in Papua, Bali, Toraja, Minangkabau, and other traditional communities that still hold their culture. In the event of a criminal offence by a person (including unlawful acts committed by children), the dispute is resolved internally in the customary community without involving state officials. The obligation to apply restorative justice approaches in the diversion process is not just a desirable approach but a requirement that has legal consequences if not complied with by law enforcement. It shows the importance of ensuring that efforts to resolve children's cases involve approaches that prioritize restorative justice to achieve more holistic justice and support the development of children in conflict with the law.
The Role of Indigenous Community Paralegals in Providing Legal Aid Case Study of Sorong Regency
Authors: Hulihulis Mustafa , Naim Sokhib , Hasriyanti Hasriyanti , Mustamar Keliobas  , Kariadi Kariadi
Published: August 2024

Indonesia as a state of law is faced with the challenge of providing legal protection to indigenous peoples, who are often marginalized and vulnerable to rights violations. Using an empirical juridical research method, this study explores the role of paralegals in providing legal aid and identifies the obstacles faced. Paralegals, despite not having a formal legal education background, play a key role in providing access to justice to communities in need. They act as a liaison between advocates and the poor, especially in rural or remote areas that are difficult to reach by advocates. The legal aid program, as mandated by Law No. 16/2011, gives legitimacy to the role of paralegals in providing access to justice. However, the implementation of the paralegal role is not without obstacles. These include limited access to legal training, lack of understanding of the role of paralegals in the community, and challenges in gaining access to justice for the communities they serve. Nevertheless, the existence of paralegals is crucial in providing access to justice for underprivileged or marginalized communities. This study concludes that strengthening the role of paralegals in providing legal aid is a concrete step in supporting access to justice for the poor or marginalized. Efforts are needed to increase understanding and knowledge of the role of paralegals and strengthen cooperation between paralegals, advocates, and other legal aid institutions. Thus, paralegals can be more effective in carrying out their duties in providing access to justice for all levels of society, especially those in need.
Dowry Giving in the Customary Marriage of Kofalit Village, Salkma District, South Sorong Regency
Authors: Harun Salfle  , Rajab Lestaluhu  , Muharuddin Muharuddin
Published: August 2024

Marriage is a significant part of human life that involves various traditions and rituals that are passed down from generation to generation. In Indonesia, the people of Kofalit Village, Salkma District, South Sorong Regency, Papua, have a traditional marriage tradition that is rich in rituals and processions. This research uses a sociological juridical approach to understand more deeply the tradition of marriage and the process of giving dowry in Kofalit Village. This process involves various stages, from matchmaking to the implementation of the marriage ceremony. The payment of dowry, as one of the important aspects of traditional marriage, involves traditional treasures such as timor cloth, bracelets, beads and Portuguese machetes. This tradition demonstrates the customary values upheld by the people of Kofalit Village, marking the seriousness and commitment of the marriage bond. Thus, this research provides an in-depth insight into how customary marriage traditions are practiced and how the process of giving dowry is carried out in the Kofalit community.
Effect of temperature on development rate and egg production in Caligus elongatus and other sea louse species
Authors: Hamre LA , Dalvin S , Myhre G , Bui S
Published: August 2024

The sea louse Caligus elongatus (Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae) is a generalist ectoparasite commonly found on farmed salmonids in the Atlantic Ocean. Together with the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis and the Chilean sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi, they represent a major challenge to sustainable farming of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Here, the development rate, egg production, and copepodid survival time of C. elongatus are described at 6, 9, 12, and 15°C, and compared to available data for L. salmonis and C. rogercresseyi in a seminal attempt to qualitatively compare how these life-history traits and epidemiological factors vary among the 3 caligid sea louse species. A development model for C. elongatus was established by applying a constant scaling factor to the published model for L. salmonis and compared to the data obtained. The model assumes that caligid sea lice with similar zones of temperature tolerance share a common basic physiology, and that their rate of development is equally affected by changing temperatures within the interval where their temperature tolerances overlap. Present data, and data from the literature, suggest that C. elongatus develops to adult at approximately 63% of the time required by L. salmonis females and, compared to L. salmonis, they produce about 1/3 of the eggs per day over the temperature interval studied. This study represents a new experimental approach for establishing caligid development models and demonstrates how important life-history parameters can be scaled by constants and used as temperature-independent measures to characterize and compare the biology and epidemiology of sea lice species.
Thermal priming of Saccharina latissima: a promising strategy to improve seaweed production and restoration in future climates
Authors: Gauci C , Jueterbock A , Khatei A , Hoarau G , Bartsch I
Published: August 2024

Saccharina latissima is a brown algal kelp species of ecological and economic importance. As the rise in sea surface temperature will threaten not only wild populations of S. latissima but also the productivity of kelp farms, crop enhancement techniques will become crucial to mitigate this threat. Priming is a common strategy in crop plants, in which seeds are pre-exposed to moderate stress to improve the performance and tolerance of plants when exposed to harsher conditions. We investigated the potential of thermal priming to improve growth and tolerance of S. latissima. Kelp gametophytes primed at 20°C for 2, 4 and 6 wk and then re-transferred to 5°C were compared to a naïve treatment maintained at 5°C. Gametophyte priming increased growth of subsequently formed sporophytes by up to 30% (for 4 wk priming) compared to the naïve treatment. Female gametophyte growth in the priming environment was positively correlated to offspring sporophyte growth, indicating a maternal effect. Sporophytes were exposed to heat stress of 20°, 22°, 23° and 24°C for 2 wk. Sporophytes from 4 and 6 wk primed gametophytes exhibited 11 d longer tolerance at 22°C, 7 d longer tolerance at 23°C and 1°C higher thermal tolerance over 7 d compared to naïve sporophytes and sporophytes from 2 wk priming. A priming time of 4 wk was optimal for both sporophyte growth and thermal tolerance. Our results suggest that priming is a promising crop enhancement technique that could improve yield for seaweed farmers and restoration of kelp forests threatened by warming climates.
Implementasi Mnemonic Learning dalam Menghafal Al-Qur’an dengan Metode Hanifida
Authors: Thahir Lalu M Baihaqi
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses mnemonic learning strategies for memorizing the Qur'an. Al-Qur'an is the spirit for Muslims, if the spirit is lost then it is the same as Muslims have died. Therefore, the Qur'an is very important for Muslims to memorize, learn, and practice it. Memorization is the realm of the brain, related to remembering and forgetting. To achieve memorization with maximum results, a method is needed to achieve this goal, because if the method is wrong then of course the goal will be difficult to achieve. Mnemonic Learning as a method of memorizing has many strategies to improve memorization, including five Mnemonic strategies implemented at the Supercamp Hanifida Islamic Boarding School, namely the Number and Shape Method, Visual Imagery Method, Narrative Technique, Linking Word Method (Word link), and Loci method.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa melalui Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah
Authors: Humaidi Achmad , Umam Khoirul , Putridiyanti Fita
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini berisi tentang kepemimpinan kepala sekolah visioner dalam meningkatkan prestasi sekolah di SMA Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi kasus. Untuk mendapatkan data yang valid dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan, peneliti melakukan interview dengan beberapa informan dengan teknik purposive sampling, yaitu berjumlah empat orang yakni kepala sekolah SMA Nurul Jadid, tenaga pendidik, tenaga kependidikan, alumni SMA Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. Adapun hasil penelitian yang didapatkan ialah (1) Integritas Keilmuan ( Scientific Integrity) (2) Pengalaman Konsumsi (Consumption Experiences) (3) Pengaruh Sosial (Social Influences).
Implementasi Remedial Teaching dalam Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqih di Sekolah
Authors: Najah Ahmad Syauqi Rizqan , Putridiyanti Fita , Rizquha Ach
Published: August 2024

Madrasah is one of Islamic education institutions that develops in Indonesia cultivated in addition to mosques and boarding schools. In the process of learning Islamic Education in madrasah, learning activities cannot always run smoothly. So students seem slow to do tasks related to learning activities. This learning difficulties are already a common problem that occurs in the learning process. The phenomenon of learning difficulties, especially the subjects of Fiqh experienced by students at Darul Lughah Wal Karomah Islamic Senior High School usually seems clear from the decline in academic achievement or learning achievement. To prevent and overcome the causes of student learning difficulties, one alternative that can be taken in overcoming learning difficulties is to conduct remedial teaching.Based from the problem background, the purpose of this study is to describe and analyze about: (1) The causes of learning difficulties faced by students in the subjects of Fiqh at Darul Lughah Wal Karomah Islamic Senior High School, (2) The implementation of remedial teaching in learning of Fiqh at Darul Lughah Wal Karomah Islamic Senior High School Kraksaan Probolinggo.This research is conducted by using naturalistic phenomenological qualitative approach, using natural environment as the direct source of data. The data collection procedure includes; (1) participant observation, (2) in-depth interview, and (3) documentation. Checking the validity of data is processed by (1) verification of data obtained, (2) triangulation techniques
Hipomineralización molar incisivo. Actualización de las pautas diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Revisión narrativa de literatura
Authors: Hernandez Miguel , Boj JR  , Guzmán Sonia , Chung-Leng Isabel , Estrela Filo , Saavedra Gloria , Cerdán Fátima
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: La finalidad de esta revision de literatura es recopilar informacion actualizada sobre las pautas diagnosticas y terapéuticas de la hipomineralizacion molar incisivo. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizaron busquedas a traves de PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Central y Google Scholar. Se identificaron 759 estudios; 64 fueron evaluados en texto completo que incluian 14 ensayos clinicos. De los estudios incluidos en la presente revision, 10 discutieron diferentes modalidades de tratamiento para los molares afectados por hipomineralizacion molar incisivo. Conclusiones: Actualmente, se recomienda, por un lado, enfocar las diferentes opciones terapeuticas en funcion del indice de necesidad de tratamiento y, por otro, iniciar el tratamiento lo mas tempranamente posible para eliminar el riesgo de caries y sus consecuencias en estos pacientes.
Establishment of the microscope incubation system and its application in evaluating tumor treatment effects through real-time live cellular imaging
Authors: Yan Haiyang , Wu Tong , Li Xinlu , Feng Zhengyang , Ge Mingfeng , Zhang Lixing , Dong Wen-Fei
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Long-term imaging of live cells is commonly used for the study of dynamic cell behaviors. It is crucial to keep the cell viability during the investigation of physiological and biological processes by live cell imaging. Conventional incubators that providing stable temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and humidity are often incompatible with most imaging tools. Available commercial or custom-made stage-top incubators are bulky or unable to provide constant environmental conditions during long time culture.

Methods: In this study, we reported the development of the microscope incubation system (MIS) that can be easily adapted to any inverted microscope stage. Incremental PID control algorithm was introduced to keep stable temperature and gas concentration of the system. Moreover, efficient translucent materials were applied for the top and bottom of the incubator which make it possible for images taken during culture.

Results: The MIS could support cell viability comparable to standard incubators. When used in real time imaging, the MIS was able to trace single cell migration in scratch assay, T cell mediated tumor cells killing in co-culture assay, inflation-collapse and fusion of organoids in 3D culture. And the viability and drug responses of cells cultured in the MIS were able to be calculated by a label-free methods based on long term imaging.

Discussion: We offer new insights into monitoring cell behaviors during long term culture by using the stage adapted MIS. This study illustrates that the newly developed MIS is a viable solution for long-term imaging during in vitro cell culture and demonstrates its potential in cell biology, cancer biology and drug discovery research where long-term real-time recording is required.
The role of RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH5 in the mechanisms of fibrosis
Authors: Liao Ziwei , Wang Jing , Xu Mengrou , Li Xiaoyan , Xu Hongming
Published: August 2024

ALKBH5 is one of the demethylases involved in the regulation of RNA m6A modification. In addition to its role in the dynamic regulation of RNA m6A modification, ALKBH5 has been found to play important roles in various tissues fibrosis processes in recent years. However, the mechanisms and effects of ALKBH5 in fibrosis have been reported inconsistently. Multiple cell types, including parenchymal cells, immune cells (neutrophils and T cells), macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, play roles in various stages of fibrosis. Therefore, this review analyzes the mechanisms by which ALKBH5 regulates these cells, its impact on their functions, and the outcomes of fibrosis. Furthermore, this review summarizes the role of ALKBH5 in fibrotic diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and renal fibrosis, and discusses various ALKBH5 inhibitors that have been discovered to date, exploring the potential of ALKBH5 as a clinical target for fibrosis.
Effective and selective adsorption of methyl tert-butyl ether on ZSM-5 zeolite: a comparative study
Authors: Hua Tingyu , Li Shanshan , Hu Jingli , Yan Wei
Published: August 2024

The extensive use of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as a gasoline additive has caused serious environmental problems that need to be addressed urgently. The feasibility of remediation of MTBE-contaminated groundwater by ZSM-5 zeolite with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 50/130/360 was explored. The SiO2/Al2O3 ratio had a great influence on the physicochemical properties and structure, as well as the adsorption and mass transfer of MTBE on ZSM-5. The adsorption of MTBE on zeolites with SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 50 and 130/360 followed the Langmuir and Freundlich models, respectively, and was controlled by different mass transfer processes. The morphology and adsorption capacity of ZSM-5 (50) and ZSM-5 (130) differed significantly, while the differences between ZSM5-(130) and ZSM-5 (360) were less pronounced. ZSM-5 (360) had higher adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency for MTBE, and the larger BET surface area, pore volume and stronger hydrophobicity were the key factors to promote MTBE adsorption. Compared to activated carbon (AC), ZSM-5 (360) was more effective for MTBE removal at low concentrations (≤200 mg·L−1) and had the advantage of selective adsorption of MTBE with the addition of BTEX. In column adsorption, decreasing the concentration had opposite effects on MTBE removal by ZSM-5 and AC. At 5–10 mg·L−1, ZSM-5 (360) column reduced effluent concentration and improved bed utilization and removal efficiency.
Exploring the scientific underpinnings of investigating safety signals: analytical insights in deciphering drug safety evidence
Authors: Hammad Tarek A. , Davis Simon , Afsar Salman
Published: August 2024

Ensuring the safety of drugs is a critical aspect of healthcare. Accurate interpretation of drug safety evidence is vital to understand the safety profile and to evaluate the benefits and risks of the medicinal product. However, validity of this evidence has numerous challenges that must be carefully considered, highlighting the need for a heightened appreciation of data interpretation pitfalls. This paper aims to delve into the intricacies of analytic considerations in drug safety data interpretation aiming at providing insights into the safety profile of pharmaceutical interventions. The applicability of these analytic considerations extends to controlled and observational data as well as spontaneously reported individual case reports. Increasing the understanding of scientific underpinnings of evidence interpretation empowers Pharmacovigilance professionals to grasp fundamental concepts, use appropriate terminology, engage in meaningful discussions with colleagues conducting analyses, and critically evaluate evidence. These skills and knowledge enable them to make informed decisions and enhance their expertise in drug safety. By correct utilization of analytic approaches while appreciating their strengths and limitations, one can advance drug safety and benefit-risk research using evidence-based decision-making and ultimately ensure better healthcare outcomes for patients.
KoMus and KOPRA-M: psychometric analysis of two musical competency tests adapted for Norwegian primary school students
Authors: Nørstebø Kirsti , Knigge Jens
Published: August 2024

This paper presents Norwegian adaptations of the KoMus and KOPRA-M assessments designed to evaluate music-related competencies. Our research delves into the assessments’ alignment with the curriculum and investigates the psychometric properties of the Norwegian versions using a sample of Norwegian fifth graders (KoMus: N = 374, KOPRA-M: N = 370). Furthermore, it provides practical illustrations of how these item response theory (IRT)–based assessments can be employed, including competency-level examples. The Norwegian short versions of the KoMus and KOPRA-M tests demonstrated robust psychometric characteristics (especially in terms of reliability, model, and item fit), making them promising instruments for the deeper exploration of musical competency within primary and lower secondary school contexts.
The significance of school bullying prevention program: a narrative inquiry from the perspective of a school police officer at a Youth Police Academy in Korea
Authors: Hong Mi Yung , Goo Jiyeon
Published: August 2024

The need for effective school bullying prevention programs is more pronounced than ever. To address school bullying, Korea has operated the Youth Police Academy (YPA) since 2014. Although the School Police Officers (SPOs) in charge at YPA can provide valuable insights into the significance of school bullying prevention programs, there has been limited research in this area. The purpose of this study is to explore the relevance of school bullying prevention programs and delineate the role of YPA in preventing school bullying, based on the professional experiences and perspectives of YPA’s SPOs. We employed narrative analysis based on interviews with SPOs. The findings revealed that while the majority of SPOs experienced career crises, they overcame these challenges and developed professional perspectives on the YPA program and anti-bullying program. SPOs perceive that school bullying prevention program should focus on “resolving relationships,” “collaborative care,” and “teaching coping behaviors.” Accordingly, YPA can function as a “place of reconciliation,” “place helping students understand others’ perspectives through experiential and case-based educational approaches,” “hub for school bullying prevention education grounded in collaboration with relevant institutions and local experts,” “provider of coping information,” and an “active protector of victims.”
Are natural estrogens used in contraception at lower risk of venous thromboembolism than synthetic ones? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Douxfils Jonathan , Raskin Lucie , Didembourg Marie , Donis Nathalie , Dogné Jean-Michel , Morimont Laure , Beaudart Charlotte
Published: August 2024

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) poses a significant global health challenge, notably exacerbated by the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Evidence mainly focuses on the type of progestogen used in COCs to establish the increased risk of VTE with less data assessed on the type of estrogen used. This meta-analysis aims to assess the risk of VTE associated with COCs containing synthetic estrogens like ethinylestradiol (EE) versus natural estrogens like estradiol (E2).

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches were performed in December 2023 in MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify clinical studies comparing the VTE risk between COCs containing synthetic versus natural estrogens. Studies were selected through rigorous screening, and data extraction followed standardized protocols, with statistical analyses employing a random effects model.

Results

The search yielded five relevant studies, involving over 560,000 women/time, demonstrating a significant 33% reduction in VTE risk among users of natural estrogen-based COCs compared to synthetic estrogen-based COCs (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51–0.87). Stratification analyses using adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of the main observationnal studies showed a 49% reduced VTE risk of E2-based pills compared to EE in association with levonorgestrel.

Discussion and conclusion

Despite the longstanding use of EE-based COCs, emerging evidence supports a lower thrombotic risk associated with natural estrogens. This meta-analysis substantiates the lower VTE risk associated with natural estrogen-based COCs compared to synthetic alternatives, advocating for a re-evaluation of contraceptive guidelines to prioritize patient safety and reduce thrombotic risks.
Ice algae contributions to the benthos during a time of sea ice change: a review of supply, coupling, and fate
Authors: Niemi Andrea , Bluhm Bodil A. , Juul-Pedersen Thomas , Kohlbach Doreen , Reigstad Marit , Søgaard Dorte H. , Amiraux Rémi
Published: August 2024

The polymer-facilitated flux of ice algae on Arctic shelves can initiate benthic activity and growth after the nutritionally constrained winter period. Lipid-rich ice algae are readily consumed by benthos and those entering the sediment can benefit deposit feeders. Ice algae assimilated by benthic organisms cascade up multiple trophic levels within the benthic sub-web, re-entering the pelagic sub web through habitat coupling species. Pelagic predators can have significant ice-algal carbon signals obtained from the benthic compartment. Sympagic-pelagic-benthic coupling on Arctic shelves is expected to weaken with ongoing sea-ice change. This review discusses the phenology, quantity, and quality of ice-algal contributions to coupling, linked to thinning snow and ice cover including multi-year ice replacement. Predicting future coupling between marine sub-webs requires focused research that considers trophic markers of multiple carbon sources.
Timber harvesting and conservation status of forest species in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: López-Tobar Rolando , Herrera-Feijoo Robinson J. , García-Robredo Fernando , Mateo Rubén G. , Torres Bolier
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on the Ecuadorian Amazon, a crucial region for forest biodiversity and conservation of native species, which faces challenges due to timber extraction. The research objective was to characterize timber harvesting during 2012 to 2021, focusing on the ten most harvested forest species in terms of volume and provincial distribution, as well as their conservation status according to the IUCN. For the methodology, data were extracted and analyzed from Ecuador’s Forest Management System (SAF), focusing on timber extraction in six provinces and assessing 210 species. The results revealed that, from 2,627,659.17 m3 authorized, 2,296,238.08 m3 were harvested, representing 54.17% of the national timber harvest from native forests. Species of the Fabaceae family predominated in number and volume, with yields varying from 0.5 m3/ha in Orellana to 2.8 m3/ha in Zamora Chinchipe. Analysis of the IUCN categories showed that 67.6% (142 species) are Least Concern (LC), while 3.3% (7 species) are Vulnerable (VU), and 1% (2 species) Endangered (EN). Two species were listed as Data Deficient (DD), one as Critically Endangered (CR) and one as Near Threatened (NT). It is crucial to note that, of the 210 species analyzed, 55 species (26.2%) are not included in the IUCN database, highlighting the importance of more detailed assessments for their conservation and distribution.
Clinical phenotype of the 16p.13.11 microdeletion: a case report with a mini review of the literature
Authors: Palumbi Roberto , Ponzi Emanuela , Micella Stefania , Pascali Mara , Bucci Roberta , Gentile Mattia , Margari Lucia , Simone Marta
Published: August 2024

Background

Chromosome 16p13.11 microdeletion is a very rare copy number variant (CNV), associated with a clinical syndrome characterized by global development delay, neuropsychiatric conditions, facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and congenital heart defects. The 16p13.11 locus is a very unstable genomic region, rich in low-copy number repeats, characterized by many homologous DNA sequences. Usually, the most common CNV of this region include microduplications/duplications, while the microdeletions are rare, and their clinical features are heterogeneous and poorly described so far.

Case report

In this paper, we report the genetic and the clinical features of a patient diagnosed with chromosome 16p13.11 microdeletion, and a short review of the literature on this topic. Our patient was characterized by several facial dysmorphic features, autistic symptoms and language development delay. The genetic evaluation revealed and interstitial deletion of the long arm of the chromosome 16, approximately of 1.5 Mb.

Conclusion

Interestingly, compared to previous cases, this patient was characterized by autistic symptoms, severe language and motor coordination disorder, without cognitive and cerebral malformations, frequently associated with this microdeletion syndrome.
Innate immunity in peripheral tissues is differentially impaired under normal and endotoxic conditions in aging
Authors: Noh Ji Yeon , Han Hye Won , Kim Da Mi , Giles Erin D. , Farnell Yuhua Z. , Wright Gus A. , Sun Yuxiang
Published: August 2024

Chronic low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of aging, aka “inflammaging”, which is linked to a wide range of age-associated diseases. Immune dysfunction increases disease susceptibility, and increases morbidity and mortality of aging. Innate immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils, are the first responders of host defense and the key mediators of various metabolic and inflammatory insults. Currently, the understanding of innate immune programming in aging is largely fragmented. Here we investigated the phenotypic and functional properties of innate immune cells in various peripheral tissues of young and aged mice under normal and endotoxic conditions. Under the steady state, aged mice showed elevated pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in peripheral blood, adipose tissue, liver, and colon. Under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory state, the innate immune cells of aged mice showed a different response to LPS stimulus than that of young mice. LPS-induced immune responses displayed differential profiles in different tissues and cell types. In the peripheral blood, when responding to LPS, the aged mice showed higher neutrophils, but lower pro-inflammatory monocytes than that in young mice. In the peritoneal fluid, while young mice exhibited significantly elevated pro-inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages in response to LPS, aged mice exhibited decreased pro-inflammatory neutrophils and variable cytokine responses in macrophages. In the adipose tissue, LPS induced less infiltrated neutrophils but more infiltrated macrophages in old mice than young mice. In the liver, aged mice showed a more robust increase of pro-inflammatory macrophages compared to that in young mice under LPS stimulation. In colon, macrophages showed relatively mild response to LPS in both young and old mice. We have further tested bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) from young and aged mice, we found that BMDM from aged mice have impaired polarization, displaying higher expression of pro-inflammatory markers than those from young mice. These data collectively suggest that innate immunity in peripheral tissues is impaired in aging, and the dysregulation of immunity is tissue- and cell-dependent. Our findings in the rodent model underscore the complexity of aging immunity. Further investigation is needed to determine whether the immune profile observed in aged mice is applicable in age-associated diseases in humans.
MR1 blockade drives differential impact on integrative signatures based on circuits of circulating immune cells and soluble mediators in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Borges-Fernandes Luana Oliveira , de Lima Moreira Marcela , Pereira Victória Hellena Silva , Pascoal-Xavier Marcelo Antônio , Lopes Ribeiro Ágata , Costa-Rocha Ismael Artur da , Lopes Ludmila Rosa , Moreira Guilherme Telles Cristo , Araújo Márcio Sobreira da Silva , Teixeira-Carvalho Andréa , Brito-de-Sousa Joaquim Pedro , de Carvalho Andrea Lucchesi , Mourão Maria Vitória Assumpção , Campos Flávia Alves , Borges Marineide , Carneiro Mariângela , Tsuji Moriya , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , Coelho-dos-Reis Jordana Grazziela Alves , Peruhype-Magalhães Vanessa
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important tropical and neglected disease and represents a serious global health problem. The initial interaction between the phagocytes and the parasite is crucial to determine the pathogen’s capacity to initiate infection and it shapes the subsequent immune response that will develop. While type-1 T-cells induce IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-12 production by monocytes/macrophages to fight the infection, type-2 T-cells are associated with a regulatory phenotype (IL-10 and TGF-β) and successful infection establishment. Recently, our group demonstrated the role of an important Th1/Th17 T-cell population, the mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, in VL. MAIT cells can respond to L. infantum by producing TNF-α and IFN-γ upon MR1-dependent activation.

Objective and methods

Here, we describe the impact of the MR1-blockage on L. infantum internalization on the functional profile of circulating neutrophils and monocytes as well as the impact of the MR1-blockage on the soluble mediator signatures of in vitro whole blood cultures.

Results

Overall, our data showed that VL patients presents higher percentage of activated neutrophils than asymptomatic and non-infected controls. In addition, MR1 blockade led to lower TNF-α and TGF-β production by non-activated neutrophils from asymptomatic individuals. Moreover, TNF-α and IL-10 production by monocytes was higher in VL patients. In the analysis of soluble mediators produced in vitro, MR1-blockade induced a decrease of IFN-γ and an increase of IL-10, IL-27 and IL-33 in the cell cultures of AS group, a cytokine pattern associated with type 2 deleterious response.

Discussion and conclusion

These data corroborate the hypothesis that MR1-restricted responses are associated to a protective role during Leishmania infection.
RMRP accelerates ligamentum flavum hypertrophy by regulating GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through Gli1 SUMOylation
Authors: Yan Xudong , Liu Tinglong , Zhang Run , Ma Qinghong , Sun Chao
Published: August 2024

Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (LF) is a significant contributing factor to lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). lncRNA plays a vital role in organ fibrosis, but its role in LF fibrosis remains unclear. Our previous findings have demonstrated that Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling is a critical driver leading to LF hypertrophy. Through the RIP experiment, our group found lnc-RMRP was physically associated with Gli1 and exhibited enrichment in Gli1-activated LF cells. Histological studies revealed elevated expression of RMRP in hypertrophic LF. In vitro experiments further confirmed that RMRP promoted Gli1 SUMO modification and nucleus transfer. Mechanistically, RMRP induced GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, proinflammatory activation, and collagen expression through the Hedgehog pathway. Notably, the mechanical stress-induced hypertrophy of LF in rabbit exhibited analogous pathological changes of LF fibrosis occurred in human and showed enhanced levels of collagen and α-SMA. Knockdown of RMRP resulted in the decreased expression of fibrosis and pyroptosis-related proteins, ultimately ameliorating fibrosis. The above data concluded that RMRP exerts a crucial role in regulating GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis of LF cells via Gli1 SUMOylation, thus indicating that targeting RMRP could serve as a potential and effective therapeutic strategy for LF hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Genomic and physiological properties of Anoxybacterium hadale gen. nov. sp. nov. reveal the important role of dissolved organic sulfur in microbial metabolism in hadal ecosystems
Authors: Cao Junwei , Shao Baoying , Lin Jing , Liu Jie , Cui Yiran , Wang Jiahua , Fang Jiasong
Published: August 2024

Hadal zones account for the deepest 45% of the oceanic depth range and play an important role in ocean biogeochemical cycles. As the least-explored aquatic habitat on earth, hadal ecosystems contain a vast diversity of so far uncultured microorganisms that cannot be grown on conventional laboratory culture media. Therefore, it has been difficult to gain a true understanding of the detailed metabolic characteristics and ecological functions of those difficult-to-culture microorganisms in hadal environments. In this study, a novel anaerobic bacterial strain, MT110T, was isolated from a hadal sediment–water interface sample of the Mariana Trench at 10,890 m. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and percentage of conserved proteins between strain MT110T and the closest relatives, Anaerovorax odorimutans DSM 5092T (94.9 and 46.6%) and Aminipila butyrica DSM 103574T (94.4 and 46.7%), indicated that strain MT110T exhibits sufficient molecular differences for genus-level delineation. Phylogenetic analyses based on both 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences showed that strain MT110T formed an independent monophyletic branch within the family Anaerovoracaceae. The combined evidence showed that strain MT110T represents a novel species of a novel genus, proposed as Anoxybacterium hadale gen. nov. sp. nov. (type strain MT110T = KCTC 15922T = MCCC 1K04061T), which represents a previously uncultured lineage of the class Clostridia. Physiologically, no tested organic matter could be used as sole carbon source by strain MT110T. Genomic analysis showed that MT110T had the potential capacity of utilizing various carbon sources, but the pathways of sulfur reduction were largely incomplete. Our experiments further revealed that cysteine is one of the essential nutrients for the survival of strain MT110T, and cannot be replaced by sulfite, leucine, or taurine. This result suggests that organic sulfur compounds might play an important role in metabolism and growth of the family Anaerovoracaceae and could be one of the key factors affecting the cultivation of the uncultured microbes. Our study brings a new perspective to the role of dissolved organic sulfur in hadal ecosystems and also provides valuable information for optimizing the conditions of isolating related microbial taxa from the hadal environment.
Functional organization of vestibulospinal inputs responsible for tail postural control in larval Xenopus
Authors: Barrios Gabriel , Olechowski-Bessaguet Anne , Pain Mathilde , Bacqué-Cazenave Julien , Cardoit Laura , Cabirol Marie-Jeanne , Le Ray Didier , Lambert François M.
Published: August 2024

In all vertebrates, maintaining trunk posture primarily depends on descending commands originating from brainstem vestibulospinal nuclei. Despite being broadly outlined across species, the detailed anatomical and operational structure of these vestibulospinal networks remains poorly understood. Xenopus frogs have previously served as an excellent model for exploring such anatomical and functional aspects in relation to the animal’s behavioral requirements. In this study, we examined the reflex motor reactions induced by vestibular stimulation in pre-metamorphic tadpoles. Our findings indicate that natural vestibular stimulation in the horizontal plane yields greater efficacy compared to stimulation in other planes, a phenomenon replicated in a frequency-dependent manner through specific galvanic stimulation (GVS) of the horizontal semicircular canals. With the exception of a very rostral cluster of neurons that receive vestibular inputs and project to the spinal cord, the overall anatomical segregation of vestibulospinal nuclei in the brainstem mirrors that observed in juvenile frogs. However, our results suggest closer similarities to mammalian organization than previously acknowledged. Moreover, we demonstrated that vestibulospinal cells project not only to spinal motoneurons in rostral segments but also to more distal segments that undergo regression during metamorphosis. Lastly, we illustrated how vestibular-induced spinal reflexes change during larval development, transitioning from tail swim-based activity to rostral trunk bursting responses, likely anticipating postural control in post-metamorphic frogs.
Pairing transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation with an intensive bimanual training in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: study protocol of a randomized sham-controlled trial
Authors: Oldrati Viola , Gasparroni Verusca , Michelutti Arianna , Ciricugno Andrea , Borgatti Renato , Orcesi Simona , Fazzi Elisa , Morandi Alessandra , Galli Jessica , Piccinini Luigi , Maghini Cristina , Arioli Maria , Cattaneo Zaira , Urgesi Cosimo , Finisguerra Alessandra
Published: August 2024

Background

Gross motor function impairments and manual dexterity deficits are frequently observed in children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP), having a major impact on their activity level and autonomy. Improving manual dexterity and activity level of patients with CP is often the focus of rehabilitation. Novel and adjuvant treatment methods that could support the standard training also in chronic conditions are a research priority. The transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, which provides a bottom-up stimulation of subcortical and cortical brain structures, enhancing brain GABA and Noradrenaline levels. This technique may play a pivotal role in brain plasticity, which has not been tested in CP patients before.

Methods

44 children and adolescents with CP will be involved, treated in pairs in a randomized, double-blind, pre-post test study. The two groups will undergo the Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) for 2 consecutive weeks, with 3 h daily sessions for 5 days per week, for an overall time interval of 30 h; the training will be combined with the application for 75 min/day of active or sham tVNS, in separate, randomly allocated groups. The primary outcome measure will include the scores at the Assisting Hand Assessment and Box and Block Test, and at an ad-hoc visuomotor task evaluating manual visuomotor control. Secondary outcomes will include the scores at the Children’s Hand Experience Questionnaire, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function, Gross Motor Function Measure, Vineland, Pediatric quality of life inventory. The evaluation points will include pre (T0), post (T1) and 3-month follow up (T2) assessments. Safety and tolerability will also be assessed.

Results

The results of this trial will assess whether tVNS can effectively boost the effects of an intensive two-week bimanual training, in improving manual dexterity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, ensuring safety and tolerability throughout the intervention period.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06372028.