bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Envejecimiento, género y performatividad en ‘‘The cat from hell’’ de Stephen King y ‘‘The front room’’ de Susan Hill.
Authors: Miquel Baldellou Marta
Published: December 2022

Con la eclosión de los estudios del envejecimiento, las teorías de género han dirigido su atención hacia el modo en que los discursos de feminidad y masculinidad inciden en las percepciones de la vejez y, a su vez, en la manera en que los discursos del envejecimiento también condicionan el género. Judith Butler (1990) acuñó la noción de performatividad de género y el modo en que la imposibilidad de repetir las mismas rutinas sociales de género a lo largo del tiempo abre la posibilidad de transformar los discursos de feminidad y masculinidad. En el marco de los estudios del envejecimiento, Anne Basting (2001) recurre a la noción de performatividad de Butler y aboga que las prácticas sociales que se relacionan con el envejecimiento revisten una dimensión de performatividad similar a los comportamientos sociales que se asocian al género. Este artículo analiza el modo en que los personajes femeninos y masculinos de edad avanzada son caracterizados en dos relatos góticos contemporáneos, “The Cat from Hell” de Stephen King y “The Front Room” de Susan Hill, y cómo ambas narraciones reflejan percepciones convencionales de género y envejecimiento, a la par que las subvierten en base a la noción de performatividad.
Dorobek 40 lat pracy Komisji Historycznej ZHP Chorągwi Krakowskiej
Authors: Wojtycza Janusz
Published: December 2022

The Historical Commission of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association was established in 1980. It collects archival materials and studies, research on the history of Kraków and Małopolska scouting and publishing their results; disseminates in society, especially among young people, the knowledge about the achievements of scouting and its traditions, and promotes the attitudes postulated in the oath and scout law. The article is an analysis of the achievements of 40 years’ work of the commission in various areas of its activity
Dawna fotografia jako źródło do dziejów Wielickiej Żupy Solnej
Authors: Konwerska Barbara
Published: December 2022

The art of photography has been attracting and fascinating people for nearly 200 years. It combines the natural function of a document with the function a piece of art. Regardless of the individual characteristics and capabilities of the photographer, it is a real documentation of the current state of affairs. Each photo is a unique moment caught in the frame. The main subject of this study is the analysis of research areas that use the photographic collections collected at the Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka. Using museum photography by researchers from various fields of science is not an exceptional and unique phenomenon. Nevertheless, the collections from Wieliczka are, on the one hand, an inherent element of cultural heritage and, on the other hand, an important historical source, which becomes an instrument of world heritage protection. In this work, it was possible to present the collection of the Wieliczka Museum and to analyse its use in various research fields.
Restytucja dóbr kultury. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Góralczyk Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

The challenge of recovering lost cultural assets that were taken out of the country in violation of its laws is becoming one of the basic tasks for the state authorities in the area of protecting its heritage. This article takes a closer look at the main principles of the legal regulations concerning the restitution of national cultural heritage. The point of reference for the amendment of the provisions of the Act was the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014.
Romantyczny portret kobiety jako matki, żony i córki w biograficznej twórczości poetyckiej Marceline Desbordes-Valmore
Authors: Sasin Eliza
Published: December 2022

A Romantic Portrait of a Woman as Mother, Wife and Daughter in the Biographical Poetry of Marceline Desbordes-Valmore One of the few female representatives of male-dominated French Romanticism was Marceline Desbordes-Valmore. Her work, reflecting intimate emotions and personal experiences, is a universal portrait of a woman as a social construct of those times. Desbordes-Valmore’s works echo her childhood, the death of her offspring and her miserable marriage. She depicts a daughter, trained from an early age to be the guardian of hearth and home; a mater dolorosa in despair over the loss of her children; a lonely wife whose role is that of a mother and a housewife. Desbordes-Valmore testifies to the position of women in the family and in society as determined by relationships with men. Although she presents seemingly stereotypical situations in her Poésies, by speaking up on her own she deprives men of the monopoly on describing women’s fates.
Określoność przepisów prawa w warunkach obecnego interwencjonizmu państwa w gospodarce
Authors: Długosz Tomasz
Published: December 2022

Both the scope and intensity of the state’s economic policy as well as a more general tendency to deviate from the ideal of liberal state law that functioned before have an impact on the degree of stringency with regard to the specificity of provisions of public economic law (the law of state intervention in the economy). The author presents the principle of specificity of law which is established by the Constitution, and considers its implementation in the chosen field. He focuses on initiatives to strengthen the predictability of economic law stemming from the regulation of the Act of 6 March 2018 on entrepreneurs. He concludes that those initiatives which refer to administrative activity, i.e. guidelines, interpretation, established practice of executive authority, may paradoxically undermine confidence in the law itself.
Proprietary estoppel – koń trojański prawa spadkowego?
Authors: Halberda Jan
Published: December 2022

Proprietary Estoppel – A Trojan Horse in the Succession Law? In recent decades the doctrine of proprietary estoppel has been applied to avoid the formalism of the Wills Act 1837. That act sets out the requirements of formal validity of a will. The proprietary estoppel could be applied if a carer has spent a significant part of his or her life taking care for another in reliance of his promise to transfer all or part of the estate to her. Afterwards it frequently turned out that irrespective of the deceased’s promises and the carer’s detrimental reliance the estate passed to distant relatives due to non-compliance with the Wills Act 1837. In such cases the courts often intervened to give a helping hand to such carers thereby fulfilling the goal of equity – as in a case of Re Basham (1986). Over time, the doctrine of proprietary estoppel began to be abused. Today it is applied in cases of prospective heirs contesting the wishes of their relatives who are still alive. Such was the case of Suggitt v. Suggitt (2012). It seems that proprietary estoppel might be doing more harm now as a source of uncertainty, a Trojan horse that undermines legal certainty and the predictability of decisions. The issue in question is becoming more significant as in the current COVID-19 circumstances the requirements of a formal will are much more difficult to meet, and digital wills are not a remedy for all. In many cases, courts will again seek recourse in proprietary estoppel.
Radca prawny wobec regulacji prawnych dotyczących zgłoszeń dokonywanych przez sygnalistów – wstęp do zagadnienia
Authors: Sobczyk Arkadiusz
Published: December 2022

The process of implementing the provisions of Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council into Polish law raised the question whether a person practicing as an attorney at law can perform the tasks specified in the directive. Counterintuitively, the matter is complex. A closer examination of the directive leads to the conclusion that the performance of the tasks specified therein is in conflict with the statutory and ethical obligations of an attorney-at-law. The above results from the fact that the Directive focuses on the protection of the public interest, while the duty of an attorney at law is to emphasize the individual interest.
Partial Dominance in Branch-Price-and-Cut for the Basic Multicompartment Vehicle-Routing Problem
Authors: Heßler Katrin , Irnich Stefan
Published: December 2022

We consider the exact solution of the basic version of the multiple-compartment vehicle-routing problem, which consists of clustering customers into groups, routing a vehicle for each group, and packing the demand of each visited customer into one of the vehicle’s compartments. Compartments have a fixed size, and there are no incompatibilities between the transported items or between items and compartments. The objective is to minimize the total length of all vehicle routes such that all customers are visited. We study the shortest-path subproblem that arises when solving the problem with a branch-price-and-cut algorithm exactly. For this subproblem, we compare a standard dynamic-programming labeling approach with a new one that uses a partial dominance. The algorithm with standard labeling already struggles with relatively small instances, whereas the one with partial dominance can cope with much larger instances.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete.

Funding: This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant IR 122/10-1 of Project 418727865].

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1255 .
Corporate Purpose in Public and Private Firms
Authors: Gartenberg Claudine , Serafeim George
Published: December 2022

Analyzing data from approximately 1.5 million employees across 1,108 established public and private U.S. companies, we find that the strength of employee beliefs related to purpose is weaker in public companies. Among public companies, those beliefs are stronger for firms with more committed owners. These patterns are most pronounced within the salaried middle and hourly ranks rather than senior executives. Differences across firms can be attributed, in part, to differences in leadership and incentive characteristics. Our findings are consistent with higher owner commitment and the corresponding policies that arise alongside this higher commitment, enabling a stronger sense of purpose inside organizations.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, organizations.

Funding: C. Gartenberg recognizes financial support from the Wharton School at University of Pennsylvania. G. Serafeim recognizes financial support from the Division of Research and Faculty Development of the Harvard Business School.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4618 .
A THREE GENERATIONAL STUDY OF PRODUCT PREFERENCE AND MOTIVATIONS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE SHARING ECONOMY
Authors: Pelech Pavel
Published: December 2022

The sharing economy is a trend that is catching the attention of people and companies all over the world. It is expected to replace the traditional model of buying and selling into sharing. However, there is a lack of literature focusing on the relationship between motivational factors and the attitudes of different generations towards the sharing economy and on the type of products different generations are willing to share in a sharing economy. This paper aims to fill this knowledge gap and examine these relevant variables together. With a sample size of 741, the study focuses on the three generations: X, Y, and Z. It was conducted from December 2021 to March 2022. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the collected data. The results of the study revealed that the respondents from different generations are willing to share different assets. Except for only two asset groups, the willingness to share these assets does not depend on the generation of the respondents. The research also indicated that the respondents across different generation have the same motivating factors for participation in the sharing economy. The findings of the study offer valuable insights for the platforms facilitating sharing of unused assets. It will help them to target their marketing communications effectively. Simultaneously, these findings will enhance the theoretical knowledge about the sharing economy with factual information that links it to marketing, as marketing literature concerning the sharing economy is still in its infancy.
INDICATIONS FOR DANCE THERAPY IN SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Granec Jozef , Mareková Hermína
Published: December 2022

The present study analyses the ​​therapeutic use of dance in social work, particularly the possibilities of using Argentine tango. Through dance, contacts are made, communication happens, and feelings are shared. It is wrong to perceive dancing as fun rather than one of the vital human needs. Dance is one of the binding forces holding people together that, despite all the differences, can prevent society from falling apart. Dance has the power of overcoming what otherwise is difficult; even without using drugs, it can reduce anxiety. The rediscovery of dance, the use of dance movements, and music in social work brings new possibilities. However, these possibilities depend upon certain skills and the broader perspective of a dance therapist. The research aims to summarise and synthesise information from various sources, especially from the medical field. The study focuses on the possible indication of dance therapy, and it’s elements that could draw more attention to this hitherto unexplored therapy. It is also the pioneering research in this area.
THE ARCHITECTURE OF A STANDARDISED MATHEMATICAL CREATIVITY TEST FOR DEVELOPMENTAL EVALUATION
Authors: Havârneanu Geanina
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to analyses the architecture of a longitudinal assessment tool used in a strategic project to develop mathematical creativity involving ex-ante, in itenere, and the ex-post assessment sessions.

This analysis envisages the curriculum vision of the creativity test, the teleological configuration, the types of competencies to achieve, and the operational objectives of the evaluation. The matrix explaining the operational objectives with the objectives of the creativity test, design, pretesting, and the statement of each item is discussed. The table explaining correspondence between items and the objectives of the scale are elaborated with the correction scheme and the grading scale. The difficulty and discrimination coefficient for each item are calculated, and the evaluation criteria of the overall qualities (objectivity, applicability, fidelity, and validity) is explained.
ROTARY BROACHING - TECHNOLOGY, APPLICATION AND CAPABILITY
Authors: Kaldashev Tsvetan
Published: December 2022

The present paper presents a relatively new technology called rotary broaching for processing external and internal profile surfaces –. The technology can be implemented on lathes (turning centers, multi-task machines) and milling machines with CNC, using a special holder with a tool having the geometry of the processed profile surface installed on it. The tool holder has a specific geometry, providing an angular location of the tool axis relative to the machined surface of 1֠, offering the possibility of machining. One of the main advantages of this technology is that it allows the processing of profile surfaces in blind holes and closed external surfaces, for example, on the steps of rotating parts. It requires preliminary preparation of the treated surface, where for internal profile surfaces, it is necessary to process a starting hole with a certain diameter and length, depending on the size of the profile surface. Furthermore, processing by this technology implies obtaining high productivity, as it works with feed for a speed of 0.01 ÷ 0.12 mm/rev and spindle speed (workpiece) 1000 ÷ 3000 min-1 depending on the processed material. According to the manufacturers of tools used for a rotary broach, various types of material with tensile strength Rm up to 1400 N / mm2 can be processed, such as stainless steel, cast iron, aluminum and copper alloys, titanium, brass, and others.
Perbaikan Performansi Mesin Ekstraktor Minyak Atsiri di Kawasan Eduwisata Herbal AMKE Oro-Oro Ombo Kota Batu, Jawa Timur
Authors: Pratama Detak Yan , Sekartedjo Sekartedjo , Hatta Agus Muhammad , Nugroho Gunawan , Setiadi Iwan Cony , Nasution Aulia Muhammad Taufiq
Published: December 2022

Salah satu potensi yang dimiliki oleh Area Modal Konservasi dan Edukasi (AMKE) Desa Oro-Oro Ombo, Kota Batu adalah kualitas tanah yang cocok untuk bercocok tanam. Salah satu jenis tanaman yang dikembangkan adalah serai wangi. Tanaman serai wangi diolah oleh AMKE untuk menghasilkan minyak atsiri melalui metode distilasi. Selama ini AMKE telah berhasil memproduksi minyak atsiri 80 ml melalui proses distilasi 30 kg serai selama 3 jam. Dengan harga jual pasaran Rp. 300.000 per liter, maka secara perhitungan ekonomi masih belum menguntungkan. Pada pengabdian masyarakat ini, dilakukan analisa penyebab tersebut dan mencari solusi untuk meningkatkan performansi alat distilasi. Peningkatan performansi ini bisa dilakukan dengan melakukan pemilihan jenis daun serai wangi maupun dari aspek teknologi proses distilasi. Pada pengabdian masyarakat ini hanya berfokus pada rekayasa sistem alat distilasinya. Melalui beberapa perhitungan energi, ditemukan rugi energi pada proses produksi. Banyak energi panas yang semestinya dapat digunakan untuk proses distilasi terbuang ke lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, perlu ditambahkan isolator panas pada tabung distilasi, sehingga energi panasnya dapat digunakan secara maksimal untuk proses penguapan kandungan daun serai wangi. Dengan penambahan lapisan isolator berbahan glasswool pada tabung distilasi dapat meningkatkan hasil distilasi campuran air dan minyak dari 2.100 ml menjadi 3.950 ml setelah diberi isolator panas.
Evaluation of nurse- and anaesthetist-led sedation for selected transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures
Authors: Browne Suzy , Smith David , Adams Daniel , Thiruthalil Sumesh , Pottle Alison , Bowers Mark , McGovern Ian , Mattison Simon , Smith Robert , Panoulas Vasileios , Kabir Tito , Davies Simson , Shannon Joanne , Heng Ee Ling , Rahbi Hazim , Chandra Navin , Patel Niket , Banya Winston , Seehra Utam , Tindale Alexander , Lane Rebecca , Luescher Thomas , Dalby Miles
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims

Most transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures are now performed under conscious sedation, rather than general anaesthetic. This study evaluated nurse-led conscious sedation, compared with anaesthetist-led sedation, to determine the feasibility of the former.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation under either nurse-led or anaesthetist-led sedation between July 2018 and September 2021 were reviewed. Assessed outcomes were analysed and compared, including 30-day mortality rate, major vascular access site bleeding, moderate or severe aortic regurgitation, stroke, new pacemaker implantation, duration of procedure and length of stay.

Results

A total of 212 patients who underwent nurse-led sedation and 412 who underwent anaesthetist-led sedation were identified. There were no significant differences in risk scores between the two groups. In both groups, incidence of conversion to general anaesthetic was low, with nurse sedatitionists seeking anaesthetist support in 13 (6.2%) cases. Cases with nurse-led sedation had a significantly lower average duration of the procedure (90 minutes vs 111 minutes; P=0.001) and length of stay (2 days vs 3 days, P=0.0002).

Conclusions

Nurse-led sedation can be safely incorporated into transcatheter aortic valve implantation practice. Nurse-led sedation delivered similar outcomes to anaesthetist-led sedation, but with shorter procedural times and legnth of stay. This could allow more flexible scheduling, increased capacity and improved access for patients.
Identification of Possible Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Coculescu Bogdan-Ioan , Dincă Gabi Valeriu , Manole Gheorghe , Coculescu Elena Claudia
Published: December 2022

Currently, one of the major medical topics researched is the identification in the most diverse diseases, of new molecular biomarkers that would allow the establishment of a positive diagnosis, but also of the response to a certain established treatment (risk biomarkers). Prolonging the lifespan of individuals and increasing the frequency of heart failure from 1-2% in the adult population, regardless of age, to 10-12% in people over 70 explains the worldwide interest in identifying biomarkers and in this condition, regardless of etiology, which offers the possibility of complex assessment of the condition, including the prognosis.
Near-zero beam drift laser tracking and measurement system with two-stage compression structures
Authors: Feng Tianci , Cui Chengjun , Li Jianli , Zhou Weihu , Wang Guoming , Dong Dengfeng , Zhang Zili , Qiu Qifan , Wang Shan
Published: December 2022

This paper introduces a scheme of near-zero beam drift tracking technology with two-stage compression structures for the coordinate accuracy measurement of a laser tracker. The Galileo telescope system, with a magnification of 21.43, is designed to compress the beam drift in a dual-frequency interferometer. The azimuth and pitch of the beam drift are compressed to 2.41 in. and 2.92 in., and the compression rates are 95.0% and 91.9%, respectively. The improved four degrees of freedom position-sensitive detector system is used to further compress the beam drift. The peak-to-peak value of the beam drift is 0.9 in. in the azimuth direction and 2.1 in. in the pitch direction. The standard deviation of azimuth is within 0.15 in, and the pitch is within 0.43 in. The coordinate accuracy of the laser tracker can be improved 6.85 parts per million by simulation. The developed two-stage compression near-zero beam drift system can be used in the laser tracker to realize large-scale precision instrument geometric measurement.
Imaging scatterometer for observing in situ changes to optical coatings during air annealing
Authors: Rezac Michael , Martinez Daniel , Gleckl Amy , Smith Joshua R.
Published: December 2022

Annealing of amorphous optical coatings has been shown to generally
reduce optical absorption, optical scattering, and mechanical loss,
with higher temperature annealing giving better results. The
achievable maximum temperatures are limited to the levels at which
coating damage, such as crystallization, cracking, or bubbling, will
occur. Coating damage caused by heating is typically only observed
statically after annealing. An experimental method to dynamically
observe how and over what temperature range such damage occurs during
annealing is desirable as its results could inform manufacturing and
annealing processes to ultimately achieve better coating performance.
We developed a new, to the best of our knowledge, instrument that
features an industrial annealing oven with holes cut into its sides
for viewports to illuminate optical samples and observe their coating
scatter and eventual damage mechanisms in
situ and in real time during annealing. We present results
that demonstrate in situ observation of
changes to titania-doped tantala coatings on fused silica substrates.
We obtain a spatial image (mapping) of the evolution of these changes
during annealing, an advantage over x ray diffraction, electron beam, or
Raman methods. We infer, based on other experiments in the literature,
these changes to be due to crystallization. We further discuss the
utility of this apparatus for observing other forms of coating damage
such as cracking and blisters.
Broadband infrared absorber based on a sputter deposited hydrogenated carbon multilayer enhancing MEMS-based CMOS thermopile performance
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Sam , Gibson Des , Fleming Lewis , Hutson David , Song Shigeng , James Allan , Wells Stephen , Forsyth Alan , Bruckshaw Suzanne
Published: December 2022

Based on pulsed DC sputter deposition of hydrogenated carbon, an absorber optical coating with maximized broadband infrared absorptance is reported. Enhanced broadband (2.5–20 µm) infrared absorptance (

>

90

%

) with reduced infrared reflection is achieved by combining a low-absorptance antireflective (hydrogenated carbon) overcoat with a broadband-absorptance carbon underlayer (nonhydrogenated). The infrared optical absorptance of sputter deposited carbon with incorporated hydrogen is reduced. As such, hydrogen flow optimization to minimize reflection loss, maximize broadband absorptance, and achieve stress balance is described. Application to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) produced microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) thermopile device wafers is described. A 220% increase in thermopile output voltage is demonstrated, in agreement with modeled prediction.
Spatial-derivative-based compression approach for distributed temperature data
Authors: Silva Luís C. B. , Segatto Marcelo E. V.
Published: December 2022

The new generation of distributed optical sensors with improved interrogation, multiplexing, and acquisition techniques with the possibility of performing measurements with high spatial resolution over tens of kilometers of optical fiber has led to the accumulation of a vast volume of data that can present a big challenge to process and store all this data. Looking for simple solutions to this problem, we present in this paper a data compression method for distributed temperature sensors. This compression approach performs the spatial derivative of the temperature signal, constituting a simple and effective method to remove redundant information. Also, this compression methodology is suitable for temperature data, as it follows thermal variations over time and can be applied to any temperature profile with multiple thermal events along the sensing fiber, whether in heating or cooling circumstances. Tests performed with a large amount of experimental data showed that an average compression ratio of

1.5

×

can be obtained by removing redundant spatial temperature variations without losing spatial resolution.
Road trips and memories: editorial
Authors: Bennett Gisele
Published: December 2022

Editor-in-Chief Gisele Bennett discusses road trips and general uses
for optics in daily life.
Dynamics of Coupling Peaks by H2 Diffusion in Long-Period Grating Filters
Authors: Jang Joo-Nyung , Kwack Kyung-Ho , Lee Sang-Bae , Choi Sang-Sam
Published: December 2022

It is now well known that germanium-doped silica fibers excellent photosensitivity. A UV source changes the refractive index of the core that contains germanium. A common type of defect formed in germanium-doped silica is GeO or oxygen deficient germania related defect [1], which is bonded to three oxygen atoms, and one bond is made to a silicon/germanium atom. This has been identified as giving rise to absorption centered around 240 nm. But, typically UV induced index changes have been limited to 3×10−5 for standard single mode fibers doped with 3% germania [2]. Increasing GeO2 doping concentration and reducing the amount of oxygen used in the fabrication of the preform also enhance the fiber photosensitivity [2]. In this case, the peak index changes are usually about 5×10−4 or less. More recently, two techniques have been proposed to enhance the photosensitivity of germanium-doped silica fibers : exposure of the material to the flame of an oxygen-hydrogen burner(flame brushing method) [3], and hydrogen loading at low temperature and high pressures [4]. Lemaire [4] showed 5.9×10−3 peak-to-peak index change in the case of 3% GeO2 loaded with 3.3% H2. In long-period grating filter fabrication, hydrogen treatment is needed to get high Δn for coupling a fundamental guided mode to the cladding leaky modes efficiently. Hydrogen treated germano-silicate fiber is unstable because of H2 diffusion process. We present the growth and decay behavior of the coupling peaks induced by H2 diffusion and annealing process for stabilization.
Analysis of Narrow Depressed-Cladding Fibers for Minimization of Cladding and Radiation Mode Losses in Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Haggans C.W. , Singh H. , Varner W.F. , Wang J-.S.
Published: December 2022

Undesirable losses in highly reflective fiber Bragg gratings due to coupling to bound cladding modes or lossy radiation modes are well documented1-5. Several approaches have been proposed for reducing this coupling, including high LP01 mode confinement fibers (high numerical aperture single-mode fibers6 and two-mode fibers7), fibers with equally photosensitive core and cladding regions8, and, recently, fibers with wide depressed cladding regions5. However, the solution detailed by Komukai, et al.6 is undesirable due to mode-field mismatch losses when splicing to conventional single-mode telecommunication fibers operated at 1550 nm (e.g, Corning SMF-28) and the solution of Okude, et al.7 requires advanced fabrication techniques. Additionally, while the solutions detailed by Dong, et al.5 and Delevaque, et al.8 reduce cladding mode losses for gratings with no variation of the photoinduced index transverse to the fiber axis, it is well known that strong asymmetries in the transverse photoinduced index profile can occur in Type I9 and Type II10 gratings due to the sidewriting process. In fact, elaborate writing schemes have been proposed to reduce this asymmetry11-12. Additionally, in practice, small tilts of the grating fringe planes can be introduced during fabrication due to mask-fiber misalignment. It is demonstrated in this paper that the solutions detailed by Dong, et al.5 and Delevaque, et al.8 are not optimum for azimuthally asymmetric transverse photoinduced index distributions, and a new narrow depressed cladding fiber design that has superior loss suppression characteristics for moderate grating asymmetries is presented.
Equalisation of Spectral Non-Uniformities in Broad-Band Chirped Fibre Gratings
Authors: Durkin Michael K. , Ibsen Morten , Laming Richard I. , Gusmeroli Valeria
Published: December 2022

The use of chirped fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) in a dispersion compensating role has been shown to be a successful technology with great promise for future network upgrades [1,2]. A natural consequence of using FBGs in a negative dispersion sense is that although the structure is designed to phase-match forward- and backward-propagating LP01 modes, the phase-matching condition for coupling from the forward propagating fundamental mode to a higher order cladding-mode is also met for wavelengths just below that of the fundamental Bragg reflection. Because propagation in cladding-modes is extremely lossy there is a significant out-coupling of this shorter wavelength light. The chirped nature of FBGs designed for broad-band (> 5 nm) dispersion compensation means that this cladding-mode loss is integrated along the length of the grating with the result that the reflection spectrum has a slope extending from the short wavelength edge of the useable bandwidth. In a practical transmission system this in-band variation of reflectivity is unacceptable. In this paper the authors present for the first time a demonstration of spectral equalisation of cladding-mode losses by exercising control over local apodisation along the length of a 8.5 nm 75 cm long continuously-written chirped FBG. No post-processing was used.
UV and thermal poling of germanosilicate fibre
Authors: Quiquempois Y. , Martinelli G. , Bernage P. , Douay M. , Niay P. , Delevaque E. , Poignant H. , Loisel B. , Bayon J.F.
Published: December 2022

The non-zero second order susceptibility obtained by poling a glass is generally explained by the creation of a permanent frozen electric field EDC which breaks the centro-symmetry of the glass. Multiplying the third order susceptibility tensor terms by EDC gives rise to second order non zero terms according to the relation (1) So, after a poling process applied to a fiber, a linear (Pockels) non-zero electrooptic coefficient r333 appears.
Polarization dependence of photo-induced birefringence and its application to fabrication of tailored polarization filters
Authors: Feced R. , Kanellopoulos S. E. , Griffin R. A. , Handerek V. A.
Published: December 2022

Photo-induced anisotropy has been observed in optical fibers exposed to polarized blue-green1-4 and U.V. light6-10. The control of the fiber birefringence has permitted the fabrication of polarization rocking filters, which have found use in both sensing and communication applications. The physical mechanism underlying this effect is thought to be the preferential excitation and depletion of those anisotropic defects whose polarizability is aligned with the incident field polarization, causing a reduction of polarizability along that direction3,4,11. In this paper, we study the polarization dependence of photo-induced birefringence in elliptical core fibers and, as a consequence, propose a technique for fabrication of polarization rocking filters with tailored coupling spectrum.
A Novel Approach to Fabricate High-Temperature Resistant Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Fokine Michael A , Sahlgren Bengt E , Stubbe Raoul
Published: December 2022

Ever since the discovery of photosensitivity in optical fibers by Hill er al. in 1978 [1] and the development of the transverse holographic writing technique by Meltzef al. in 1989 [2] there has been increasing interest in developing gratings with increased temperature stability. The decay of fiber Bragg gratings has been shown to depend on the fabrication process [3,4], the doping [3,5], and the temperature history [6].
Apodized UV-induced Gratings in Planar Waveguides for Compact Add-Drop Filters
Authors: Madsen C.K. , DeMarco J.J. , Henry C.H. , Laskowski E.J. , Scotti R.E. , Strasser T.A.
Published: December 2022

Add-drop filters are key components for WDM communication systems. Filters with flat passbands, which can separate channels spaced by 100 GHz, are needed to allow many devices to be concatenated without decreasing the available channel bandwidth significantly. A Mach- Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) with UV-induced gratings realized using planar waveguides [1] is an attractive architecture for creating an add-drop filter (see Fig. 1a). To increase the number of devices which can be fabricated on a common substrate, it is desirable to make the overall device as short as possible; however, requirements on the allowable channel crosstalk (typically -20 dB for adjacent channels and -30 dB between the dropped and added channels) places a lower limit on grating length. Previous work has demonstrated Gaussian profile gratings [2] which have sidelobes on the short wavelength side of the Bragg wavelength. A double filtering architecture was reported with a transmitted isolation of -40 dB over the drop channel width and a 3dB width of 1 nm [3]. Such an architecture increases the number of gratings needed for each channel and requires that the two grating passbands be identical or passband narrowing occurs.
Electric-Field Poling of Polymers
Authors: Gerhard-Multhaupt Reimund
Published: December 2022

Amorphous polymers with strong second-order optical nonlinearities [1, 2] that are potentially useful for electro-optical or all-optical device applications [4] contain molecular chromophore dipoles [3] as guest molecules, as side groups, or as main-chain segments. In order to break the inherent centro-symmetry of the initially isotropic dipole orientation in these materials and to render them nonlinear optically active (and also piezo- and pyro-electric), preferential dipole alignment by means of poling is required [5]. Poled nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers are molecular dipole electrets [6, 7] so that the full range of techniques for the preparation and investigation of polar electrets may be utilized on them. In particular, the poling of polar polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PETP, Mylar) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, Plexiglass) is not at all different from the poling of NLO polymers. Strongly pyro- and piezoelectric polymer electrets such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers or the odd polyamides (PA or Nylon 5, 7, 9, and 11), on the other hand, are ferroelectric and do therefore not require heating during poling and subsequent cooling under the electric field; however, their ferroelectric polarization switches only at field strengths higher than the respective coercive field.
Vacancies in as-grown and electron irradiated α-SiO2
Authors: Dannefaer S. , Craigen D. , Kerr D.
Published: December 2022

Positron annihilation is a technique uniquely suited to detect vacancies independent of whether they are EPR active or not. In α-SiO2 it has long been suspected that EPR inactive precursors should exist for the E’ centre. Here we show that vacancies are indeed present in as-grown α-SiO2 at a concentration of ~1017/cm3. About 1000 °C these vacancies migrate whereup they form vacancy clusters. 2 MeV electron irradiation introduces additional vacancies but at a highly nonlinear rate. The introduction rate decreases abruptly by a factor of 5 around a dose of 1017e−/cm2. The irradiation-produced vacancies are annealed out at 500 °C well below that for the vacancies in the as-grown α-SiO2. We ascribe the 500 °C annealing stage to recombination with interstitials closely associated with the irradiation-produced vacancies.
Photosensitivity of tin doped phosphosilicate glasses
Authors: Marques P. V. S. , Bonar J. R. , Glidle A. , McLaughlin A. , Leite A. M. P. , Aitchison J. S.
Published: December 2022

In recent years, there has been a great deal of research into development and application of photosensitive glasses. The changes in refractive index due to the UV exposure has been used for Bragg gratings [1], optical trimming [2] and direct writing of channel waveguides [3]. In particular, Bragg gratings have numerous applications such as narrow-band reflectors for fiber and waveguide lasers, add-drop multiplexers, sensors and dispersion compensation devices.
Refractive Index dispersion of gallium lanthanum sulfide and oxysulfide glasses
Authors: Yayama H. , Fujino S. , Takebe H. , Morinaga K. , Hewak D.W.
Published: December 2022

Gallium lanthanum sulfide-based glasses are attractive for new laser and nonlinear optical applications at near infrared region. Refractive indexes were measured for Ga2S3-La2S3 and Ga2S3-La2O3 glasses in the range of 0.5 and 1.7 μm using the minimum deviation method. Data is analyzed by Wemple and Didomenico These glasses have relatively large average electronic bandgaps E0 and electronic oscillator strengths Ed in comparison with other chalcogenide glasses. Possible origins of these features are discussed.
Er3+ doped phosphate glasses and lasers
Authors: Jiang Shibin , Peyghambarian Nasser , Myers Michael
Published: December 2022

Erbium laser glasses have attracted much attention due to their capability for emission of radiation at the “eye-safe” wavelength of 1.54 μm. This paper describes the development of a new Erbium phosphate laser glass, the optimizing process of doping concentrations of Er3+ ions and sensitizers Cr3+ ion and Yb3+ ion, ion-exchange chemical strengthening of this new glass, pumping energy dynamics as well as laser resonator design to achieve high average power and high repetition rate operations.
Pr3+ and Dy3+-doped Ge-S-I glasses suitable for active fiber optic devices
Authors: Krasteva V.M. , Sigel G.H. , Semjonov S.L. , Bubnov M.M.
Published: December 2022

Pr3+ and Dy3+-doped Ge-S-I glasses were synthesized and their optical properties studied for active photonic device applications, such as optical fiber amplifiers at 1.31 μm and mid-IR fiber lasers. Absorption and emission spectra in the near-IR, recorded in doped Ge-S-I samples, are very similar to these observed in Ge-Ga-S glasses. Judd-Ofelt analysis of Dy3+-doped Ge-S-I glasses was used to evaluate their radiative properties. The measured high quantum efficiencies of 1.31 μm transitions (82% for Pr3+-doped and 17% for Dy3+-doped Ge-S-I bulk glass samples) place them among the glass candidates with best emission parameters. Thermal analysis data have been utilized to identify compositions with suitable stability against crystallization during drawing process. Fibers with losses of 3 dB/m at 1.31 μm have been successfully fabricated from Pr3+-doped Ge-S-I glasses.
Investigation of Optical and Radiation Properties of Oxygen Deficient Silica Glasses
Authors: Trukhin A.N. , Fitting H.-J.
Published: December 2022

Silica samples with different level of oxygen deficit have been studied with the aim to investigate the properties related to the 7.6 eV absorption and excitation band. The high purity KS-4V silica was prepared by electrofusion of cristobalitised silicon dioxide. The deficit of oxygen at the level of 10-2 wt% was provided by reaction of cristobalite with silicon, [1].
Sensing and coupling of optical channels in dynamic atmospheric turbulence using OAM beamlets for improved power and data transmission
Authors: Lemon Martyn , Robertson Evan , Free Justin , Dai Kunjian , Miller J. Keith , Vanderschaaf Liam , Cox Michael , Watkins Richard J. , Johnson Eric G.
Published: December 2022

Propagation of laser light is distorted in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. This poses an issue for sensing, free-space optical communications, and transmission of power. The presented system offers a novel solution to mitigate the effects of turbulence. By rapidly probing a turbulent volume by varying a beam’s spatial and phase characteristics, the best transmission mode can be determined and updated in real time. Unlike a traditional tip-tilt system, this scheme is fully electronic, and has a scalable architecture to leverage multiple optical transmission paths simultaneously. This optical control system greatly improves power efficiency and successful recovery of data through environments with strong turbulence.
Transition type influences the adaptation state under dichromatic illuminations
Authors: Ma Shining , Li Siqi , Sun Ruoduan , Liu Yue , Wang Yongtian , Song Weitao
Published: December 2022

The CATs models proposed over these years (such as CMCCAT97, CAT02 and CAT16) were derived from simple stimuli surrounded by a uniform background with a single illuminant. However, the real scene always consists of more than one illumination, especially in many artificially lit environments. Some previous studies indicate an influence of the transition type between two illuminations on the adaptation state, but the visual data is insufficient to conclude a general trend applicable for any color pair. To systematically investigate how the transition type and illumination color pair interactively influence the adapted white point and degree of adaptation, a series of achromatic matching experiments were conducted under (simultaneously) spatially dichromatic illuminations. Transition type was found to have an impact on the adaptation state, but it is significant only for an illumination pair with a large color difference. In addition, for those sharp-transitioned dichromatic illuminations, the illumination that more easily gets adapted tends to have a higher contribution to the adapted white point than the other one. A more comprehensive CAT model for dichromatic illuminations was derived from the collected visual data.
Quantitative investigation on a period variation reduction method for the fabrication of large-area gratings using two-spherical-beam laser interference lithography
Authors: Nagaraj Rao Ratish Rao , Bienert Florian , Moeller Michael , Bashir Danish , Hamri Alina , Celle Frederic , Gamet Emilie , Ahmed Marwan Abdou , Jourlin Yves
Published: December 2022

Gratings produced by two-spherical-beam Laser Interference Lithography (LIL) will have a nonuniform period, and the associated period variation is larger with the increase of the substrate size. This work quantitatively investigates a noninvasive method for improving the period variation on 4-inch silicon wafers. By temporarily deforming the flexible silicon wafer using a customized concave vacuum chuck [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 19(6), 2347 (2001)10.1116/1.1421558], we show that the fabricated gratings will have improved period uniformity, with the period variation reduced by 86% at the 1000 nm central grating period setting. This process is a simple and efficient way to achieve linear gratings without altering the LIL configuration with two spherical beams. We present experimental results on the impact of a concave vacuum chuck on the chirp reduction at different grating period settings. Then, we compare two different LIL configurations with different wavelength sources concerning their influence on the efficiency of period variation reduction. Finally, the flatness of the 4-inch silicon wafers due to the temporary bending process is verified using optical profilometry measurements.
Super-resolution computed tomography imaging spectrometry
Authors: Yuan Lei , Song Qiang , Liu Hecong , Heggarty Kevin , Cai Weiwei
Published: December 2022

Computed tomography imaging spectrometry (CTIS) is a snapshot spectral imaging technique that relies on a limited number of projections of the target data cube (2D spatial and 1D spectral), which can be reconstructed via a delicate tomographic reconstruction algorithm. However, the restricted angle difference between the projections and the space division multiplexing of the projections make the reconstruction suffer from severe artifacts as well as a low spatial resolution. In this paper, we demonstrate super-resolution computed tomography imaging spectrometry (SRCTIS) by assimilating the information obtained by a conventional CTIS system and a regular RGB camera, which has a higher pixel resolution. To improve the reconstruction accuracy of CTIS, the unique information provided by the zero-order diffraction of the target scene is used as a guidance image for filtering to better preserve the edges and reduce artifacts. The recovered multispectral image is then mapped onto the RGB image according to camera calibration. Finally, based on the spectral and the spatial continuities of the target scene, the multispectral information obtained from CTIS is propagated to each pixel of the RGB image to enhance its spectral resolution, resulting in SRCTIS. Both stimulative studies and proof-of-concept experiments were then conducted, and the results quantified by key metrics, such as structural similarity index measurement and spectral angle mapping have suggested that the developed method cannot only suppress the reconstruction artifacts, but also simultaneously achieve high spatial and spectral resolutions.
Controlled generation of picosecond-pulsed higher-order Poincaré sphere beams from an ytterbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier
Authors: Ji Kunhao , Lin Di , Davidson Ian A. , Wang Siyi , Carpenter Joel , Amma Yoshimichi , Jung Yongmin , Guasoni Massimiliano , Richardson David J.
Published: December 2022

Higher-order Poincaré sphere (HOPS) beams with spatially variable polarization and phase distributions are opening up a host of unique applications in areas ranging from optical communication to microscopy. However, the flexible generation of these beams with high peak power from compact laser systems remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the controlled generation of HOPS beams based on coherent beam combination from an Yb-doped multicore fiber (MCF) amplifier. Using a spatial light modulator to adaptively adjust the wavefront and polarization of the signals seeded into the individual cores of the MCF various structured beams (including cylindrical vector beams and first- and second-order vortex beams) were generated with peak powers up to 14 kW for

∼
92
  
ps

pulses.