bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN THE GENETIC PARAMETER ESTIMATES FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN MEAT-TYPE CHICKEN
Authors: IKEOBI C. O. N. , PETERS S. O.
Published: March 2021

Data on live performance traits obtained from experiments involving two strains of meat-type chicken were analysed and used to estimate heritabilities of the traits and the -inter-character correlations. There were strain differences (P<0.05) for body weight of birds to 56 days of age, average daily gain, and daily feed intake per bird. Strain differences were not significant (P>0.05) for feed conversion ratio. Genetic correlations obtained between pairs of characters were generally high (P<0.01). Coefficients of phenotypic correlation were slightly lower relative to those of the genetic correlation. Environmental correlation coefficients were moderate to high (0.36 to 0.99) and also significant (P<0.01) within strains. Correlation of feed conversion rate with other characters wert negative for the two strains, Heritability estimates for the growth traits wa very high, and no appreciable differences were observed between the strains.
CHANGES IN BLOOD PARAMETERS IN BREEDER TOMS FOLLOWING SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION WITH CADMIUM
Authors: MONSI A. , BAKST M. A. , CECIL M. C.
Published: March 2021

Alterations in blood biochemical values of Yearling breeder toms following parenteral administration of cadmium (Cd) were well evaluated. Each treated member of a pair of (total 24 pairs) 0f toms received a single dose of 4.5mg of Cd per kg. body weight (0.04-mole). The birds were sacrificed at 0,6,24 and 192 hours : post-treatment. Highly significant (P<0.0001).increase in serum Cd concentration was observed in the Cd-injected toms, Reduction in the blood have been used to produce useful serum Cd (P<0.05) at the successive post-necropsy periods indicated systematic clearance of the metal from the fluid. Nearly 50 percent eliminated by 24 h post-treatment. Serum changes glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) was due to the similarly increased (P<0.05) in the Cd-treated birds and was presumed to have originated mainly from damaged skeletal muscle tissues. The cadmium treatment did not affect (P>0.05) serum testosterone level, total protein, total haemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, packed cell volume or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. It was concluded from these observations that the Cd treatment did not seem to have interfered seriously with renal or hepatic functions, iron, copper and zinc metabolism or caused significant damage to myocardial issue.
SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF LOCAL AND EXOTIC CHICKEN EGGS UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS
Authors: MBAP S. T. , BUTSWAT J. S. , AFEGBUA A. M.
Published: March 2021

A study was conducted to investigate different storage conditions viz: refrigeration, oiling, washing eggs and storing in black polythene of eggs and a control which comprised eggs not treated and stored in transparent polythene bags for 20 days on local and exotic chicken eggs conditions, to determine the best storage conditions. Eggs stored in the refrigerator maintained desirable Internal quality followed by eggs intensely oiled, and Eggs stored in polythene bags. Eggs kept as control had the least desirable internal quality.For short eggs storage up to  10 days,refrigeration, oiling, washing of egg storing black polythene bags could be used while refrigeration is not necessary for egg storage beyond 10 days. Where refrigeration is not possible, oiling seems to be the best alternative for storage.
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE GROWTH PATTERN OF BRIOLERS UNDER DIFFERENT DIETARY AND HOUSING CONDITION
Authors: Laseinde E. A. O. , Oluyemi J. A.
Published: March 2021

Two hundred and seventy day old broiler chicks were randomly distributed among three dietary treatment (iso-nitrogenous high and low energy straight-run diets and a conventional broiler diet) and two housing condition (the cage and deep litter) to study the comparative growth pattern between the male and female broilers. Each treatment was replicated thrice at 15 birds per replicate. The chicks were raised for 8 weeks. There were significant interactions (p<0.05) between age, diet housing location and sex. The male broiler had significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight gains than the females especially at the finisher phase. While the females performed better on high energy diet at both phases, the males respond to low energy diet at the starter phase and high energy at the finisher, hence a narrow male: female divergence ratio at the finisher phase. Generally, location had no significant effect (p>0.05) on body weight gains (215.0g vs 214.3g/bird/wk – cage vs floor). However, males gained slightly more weight in the cage while female gained slightly more on deep litter. Both recorded higher gains on the floor at the starter phase and in the cage at the finisher period. Coefficient of variation was respectively lower for the male broilers, birds in the cage, birds at the finisher phase and lowest for birds on conventional diet. Feed consumption was significantly higher (p<0.05) for lower energy diet (68.9 vs 65.1g/birds/day) as well as by birds in the cage (69.4 vs 64.5g/birds/day) with correspondingly lower utilization rate.
THE SALVAGE OF BOVINE FOETUSES IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLE WITHIN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Abiola S. S.
Published: March 2021

Bovine fetuses recovered from abattoirs and slaughter slabs in Ogun State were previously discarded. Recently, a total of 327 skins of fetuses in the third trimester were tanned to produce leather for the manufacture of 439 pairs of shoes which yielded a revenue of N33,124 for the State Government. The skins of foetuses in both the first and second trimesters were used in the manufacture of local drums. Foetal carcases were processed as pet foods by dog and cat owners. Some foetal tissues could be preserved for use in the laboratories for research purposes. Such utilization of foetus has reduced losses which they brought about when there was no need for them.
Effects of Traditional Methods of Storage on Egg Quality
Authors: Olomu J. M.
Published: March 2021

THE effectiveness of using maize starch, warm water, cold water, groundnut oil, palm oil and cold storage [refrigerator] in preserving the quality of eggs was studied. Groundnut oil, palm oil and cold storage were equally effective in preserving the quality of eggs while maize starch, cold water and warm water were found ineffective. The effectiveness of palm oil and groundnut oil was further enhanced when the oil-treated eggs were stored in the refrigerator for four weeks. Treatment with groundnut oil for one minute before storage for four weeks was considered the preferred method of preserving the quality of eggs.
The Grain Replacement Value of Processed Cassava in Broiler Finisher Rations
Authors: Obioha F. C.
Published: March 2021

EIGHT hundred Starbrow day-old broiler chicks were raised on deep litter on a commercial broiler starter ration. At the end of seven weeks the chicks were randomly and equally alloted to five experimental broiler finisher rations in which maize and gari constituted the main carbohydrate source in the proportions 58:0, 39:16, 29:24.5, 19:33 and 0.49% of ration, respectively. The protein source, groundnut cake, was varied accordingly such that the five rations were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. All other ingredients were mixed in the same amounts for all five rations which were balanced for essential nutrients. All chicks received ad libitum intake of feed and water from the eight week to the thirteenth week when the experiment was concluded. Feed consumption, growth rate, feed efficiency, dressed carcass percentage, liver Weight and abdominal fat percentage were used as parameters to evaluate the relative efficacy of the five ration treatments. 

Birds on gari rations consumed 3.2% less feed on the average, than those on the Control maize ration, for nearly identical gains. Feed/gain ratio was, therefore, slightly lower for the gari treatments, the lowest value coming from the ration in which maize/gari ratio was 29%:24.5%. Average body weights, rate of gain and feed gain ratio were not significantly different. Variations in carcass and organoleptic measurements indicated no significant differences from dressed carcass percentage, liver weight percentage, tenderness, juiciness, colour or general acceptability. However, abdominal fat percentage was significantly [P<0.001] larger in the gari rations than the control maize ration. This value was highest in the ration that contained only gari as the major carbohydrate source. There was no significant difference in the iodine number of the abdominal fat of the five treatments. 

The results of this study suggest that gari can replace all the maize in broiler finisher rations or constitute up to 49% of the whole ration, without any decrease in growth rate or carcass quality of broilers, provided such a ration is balanced for protein and amino acids. The best substitution level from this study appears to be at 50%, or 29% of the whole ration.
Grass/Legume Compatibility in the Derived Savanna Regions of Western State of Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi A. A.
Published: March 2021

THE grass/legume compatibility between six grasses and three legumes were studied at Fashola State Farm in the derived savanna region of Western State of Nigeria. The highest herbage yields per hectare per annum were obtained from the mixed swards. The yields of legumes were smaller in the mixtures with the tall than in the short grasses. It was concluded that in this area, Stylosanthes gracillis was compatible with the elephant and Guinea grasses. Pueraria Phaseoloids was compatible with the Northern Gambia and the mulasses grasses, while the Centrosema pubescence combined well with the giant star grasses.
The Reproductive Performance of the Nigerian Dwarf Sheep
Authors: Orji B. I. , Steinbach J. , Olaloku E. A. , Adeleye I. O. A.
Published: March 2021

THREE of the most important parameters of reproduction in sheep, the age at first lambing, the lambing interval and the number of lambs born per ewe at each lambing, were analysed from the herdbook of the breeding flock of the University of Ibadan for the period - 1968 to 1974. The means were as follows: 

1. age at first lambing: 424.9 (310-363 days)

2. lambing interval: 234.4 (151-571 days)

3. number of lambs at birth 1.4 (1-3)

Of the 603 lambings recorded, 38 percent resulted in twins and 4 percent in triplets. The percentage of multiple births increased with the number of lambings an ewe had completed. The wide ranges in performance indicate that there is scope for improvement of the reproductive potential of this breed of sheep through improved management and or through selection.
Dystocia in Ndama Cattle- Case Report
Authors: Akpokodje J. C. , Fayemi O.
Published: March 2021

DYSTOCIA cases were observed in 8 Ndama cows bred by a particular German Brown bull at the University of Ibadan farm. The cases were caused by malpresentation and relative oversize of the foetuses. No dystocia was observed in the herd after this particular bull was culled. The sequelae of dystocia observed are discussed.
MICROBIAL PROTEINS IN DIETS FOR RATS
Authors: Longe O. G. , Lewis D.
Published: March 2021

Two experiments involving 130 rats were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of three microbial proteins for rats. In one of the experiments, diets containing 0, 20 and 30% microbial protein were offered for 21 days. Inclusion of up to 20% microbial protein did not significantly affect liveweight gain but a comparatively poor feed conversion efficiency was manifested at levels above 10% inclusion of the protein concentrate in the diet. In a second experiment, the microbial protein was incorporated at a level of 30% as the sole source of protein to measure the digestibility of nitrogen and RNA. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen was 80 - 89% and that of RNA was 76 - 83%.
THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF HAY FROM FOUR GRASS SPECIES CUT AT THREE STAGES OF GROWTH AT IBADAN
Authors: Olubajo F. O.
Published: March 2021

Four grass species namely: Cynodon nlemfuensis var robustus (M); Pennisetum purpureum Schum (N); Cynodon nlemfuensis var nlemfuensis (P); and Panicum maximum Jacq. (Q), each between the 4th and 5th, 6th and 7th, and 8th and 9th week of regrowth, was cut in the fourth and fifth years of grazing for hay (i. e. in 1972 and 1973). Digestion trials with West African dwarf sheep showed that there were significant differences in the extent to which the dry matter of the different grass species was digested (P 0.001) and among the stages of growth (P 0.01). The differences between animals within and between treatments and the interactions between treatments and periods of cutting were statistically not significant. The differences among treatment means indicated that treatment Q (68.5 ± 2.73%) was digested better than treatment M (54.9 ± 7.18%, P 0.001), and treatments N and P (60.3 ± 5.37% and 58.7 ± 5.30% P 0.01) respectively. The digestibility of crude protein was generally low in each of the grass specie studied. This is probably a reflection of the low crude protein content of the grass hays which was below 9 percent of dry matter. It ranged from approximately 27.3 percent in treatment N for the 6th week regrowth hay to 51.9 percent in treatment Q for the hay harvested in the 8th week of regrowth. The differences among treatments, stage of maturity, and the interactions between treatments and stage of cutting were not statistically significant. Significant differences between treatments were observed in the digestion of the energy content of the feeds (P 0.001). Treatments N and Q were better digested than M and P (P 0.05). Expressed on metabolic size basis, the intakes of dry matter, crude protein, and energy showed significant differences between treatments and between ages at harvest. The intakes of dry matter in treatments Q, M, and P were significantly higher (P 0.05) than treatment N while there was more dry matter taken from the 4th and 8th week hays than from the hays made from the species harvested in the 6th week of regrowth (P 0.01). More crude protein was consumed per kg0.75 in treatments M, P and Q than in treatment N (P 0.01), and in treatment M than Q (P 0.05). There were higher protein intakes from hays made in the 4th and 8th than those made in 6th week of regrowth (P 0.05). Treatment Q supplied more energy per kgl. 75 than treatments M, P and N (P 0.05), while more energy was consumed per kilogramme of metabolic size in treatment P than in treatment N (P 0.05).

Nutritive Value of Hay. The intake of digestible crude protein was relatively low and this probably accounted for the losses in the liveweight of the experimental animals. The results of the experiment are suggestive of the need for supplementary protein feed during the dry season if animals are to make any liveweight gains.
COMPARATIVE RESPONSES OF LARGE WHITE X LANDRACE AND THE INDIGENOUS NIGERIAN PIGS TO DIETS OF VARYING PROTEIN CONCENTRATION
Authors: Fetuga B. L. , Babatunde G. M. , Olabisi E. O. , Oyenuga V. A.
Published: March 2021

A total of 60 pigs made up of 30 Large White x Landrace pigs (LW X LD) and 30 indigenous Nigerian pigs were allocated to five groups of 12 pigs each, such that there were 3 barrows and 3 gilts of each breed within the group. These were individually fed one of 5 dietary protein levels (12%, 14%, 16%, 18% and 20% CP), from an approximate initial weight of 9 kg to a terminal weight of approximately 68 kg, at which weight all pigs were slaughtered for carcass appraisal. Protein level increments significantly improved both rate and efficiency of gain of the LW X LD pigs, being best on the 20% protein diet. For the IND pigs, best rate of gain was obtained on the lowest protein level, while at levels of protein above 16%, an obvious decline in rate of gain resulting from further increases in protein levels were observed. Feed efficiency in the IND pigs was improved when protein levels in diets were increased from 12% to either 14% or 16%. This improvement was more obvious at lower weight class intervals, than when pigs were reared to heavy weights. Carcass traits were improved in both breeds as protein levels were increased, the improvements being more marked for the LW X LD pigs. There were highly significant breed differences for growth, feed efficiency and all carcass measurements. Significant breed x ration interaction was obtained for growth rate, feed efficiency and most carcass traits, except percentages bone, skin and shoulder, carcass length and dressing percentage. The results indicate obvious differences in protein and amino acid requirements for growth and best carcass quality, which are discussed in relation to inherently different capacities for proteinaceous and fatty tissue growth.
THE LEVELS OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SERUM OF GOATS IN THE SAVANNAH ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Akerejola O. O.
Published: March 2021

Little work has been done to determine blood protein and electrolyte levels in healthy goats in the savannah zone of Nigeria. With the increasing interest in goats as experimental animals and for production, there is an obvious need to determine these parameters. The free range goat husbandry methods in this zone are such that the intake of minerals needs to be known and thus correlated with the blood levels under the grazing conditions needs to be known so as to form a baseline for intensive farming methods. Reported are some biochemical components of serum in goats
NUTRITIVE EVALUATION OF TWO CULTIVARS OF STYLOSANTHES GUYANENSIS
Authors: Adu I. F. , Agishi E. C. , Brinckman W. L.
Published: March 2021

Two introduced cultivars of stylosanthes guyanensis were evaluated in feeding and metabolism trials with Yankasa rams and wethers. The Perennial legume species were established in July, 1975 from seeds brought from Queensland, Australia. Digestibility, intake, liveweight gains and nitrogen utilization were determined. The legumes were found to give satisfactory animal performance that is comparable, if not superior, to other varieties of stylo earlier in use on the station
THE EFFECTS OF FEEDING DIETS CONTAINING FURAZOLIDONE* ON EXPERIMENTAL SALMONELLA GALLINARUM INFECTION IN CHICKENS
Authors: Ojo M. O. , Adetosoye A. I.
Published: March 2021

Twenty eight week-old chickens infected orally with 16.5x109 viable Salmonella gallinarum organisms in 3ml. brain heart infusion broth were shown to be protected against infection by -feeding them on diets containing either 0.0055 percent or 0.011 percent furazolidone. The higher concentration was more effective as judged by the clinical symptoms, mortality, egg production, post mortem lesions and the isolation of the infecting organism from the visceral organs of the dead chickens. About 600 isolates of E. coli from the.chickens both before and during the course of infection·were sensitive to furazolidone disc (100mcg). The infecting organism and about 300 isolates of the organism tested during the course of infection were also sensitive furazolidone. No ''carriers" were detected in :chickens fed on diet containing 0.011 percent furazolidone.It is therefore recommended that furazolidone can be used effectively as feed additive for poultry.
OVARIAN STATUS OF NON-GRAVID SLAUGHTERED ZEBU COWS IN ZARIA: RELATIONSHIP WITH AGE, SEASON AND CARCASS WEIGHT
Authors: Ojo S. A.
Published: March 2021

OF 3,900 non-gravid zebu ovaries examined at 3 Zaria slaughter houses, 2,652 (68%) were active, Ovarian activity was highest during the rainy season and anestrus highest during the dry season (P < 0.01). Anestrus non-gravid cows and empty cows with active ovaries had the lowest (135+41 kg) and the highest (170 +43 kg) carcass weight respectively. Aged anestrus empty COWS had the lowest carcass weight (127+28 kg) and mature empty cows with active ovaries had the highest (180 +47 kg). The incidence of anestrus increased with age. The magnitude of slaughtering of young and mature empty cows with active ovaries was discussed and it was recommended that rectal examination be done before culling animals in order to reduce this major source of loss of reproductively active cows.
PLASMA FREE AMINO ACID PROFILES OF CATTLE INFECTED WITH TRYPANOSOMA VIVAX: A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: Isoun T. T. , Isoun M. J. , Anosa V. O.
Published: March 2021

EMACIATION and poor productivity have been recognised as some of the major features of the chronic form of bovine trypanosomiasis. However, the biochemical and nutritional bases of the Wasting and reduced growth rates of cattle with trypanosomiasis are yet to be adequately elucidated, such data may be needed, not only for the clinical management of the disease but also in the proper husbandry practice of cattle in endemic areas of trypanosomiasis for animal protein production.
SOME CARCASS TRAITS OF RED SOKOTO GOAT OF NIGERIA
Authors: Adu I. F. , Brinckman W. L.
Published: March 2021

A study was conducted to investigate the meat producing potential of the Red Sokoto goat of Nigeria. The twelve Red Sokoto male goats used were slaughtered at an average age of 3 years and liveweight of 27.63kg. The dressing out percentage was 49.3%. The bone to meat ratio of the leg and loin cuts was 0.28. The longissimus dorsi muscle was 10.53 cm2. It is concluded that the Red Sokoto goat has a good potential for meat production. More detailed studies are, howeverneeded in order to exploit the fattening ability of the breed under range and feedlot conditions.
POST PARTUM UTERINE INVOLUTION AND RESUMPTION OF OVARIAN ACTIVITY IN WHITE FULANI (BUNAJI) AND FRIESIAN BUNAJI COWS AS DETERMINED BY RECTAL PALPATION
Authors: Oyedipe E. O. , Osori D. I. K. , Jagun A. G. , Ntunde B. , Eduvie L. O.
Published: March 2021

The rate of involution of the uterus and cervix, and resumption of ovarian activity were studied in Friesian x Bunaji and purebred Bunaji Zebu cattle. Determinations of the above parameters were made by rectal palpation of the genitalia, visual observations and by vasectomized bulls for signs of oestrus. Involution was found to be complete by 16 to 30 days for the crossbreeds and 17 to 27 days for the Bunaji. The mean interval from parturition to first oestrus was 18.5 ± 2.9 vs 21.4 ± 5.4 days for the Bunaji and Frieslam x Bunaji respectively. The interval between the first and second oestrus in the crossbred was significantly longer than in the purebred Buanji (P<.05). By 60 days postpartum, all the Bunaji had exhibited no less than 3 oestrous cycles as against the Friesian crosses with a mean of 2.4 cycles. Cystic ovaries (6.9%), pyometra (6.9%) and anoestrus (13.8%) observed among the crossbreds were not seen among the Bunaji cows examined. Calving records of the palpated cows were examined for their last three calvings under the range management practised on the farm. Three calving interval groups viz less than 322, 322 to 342 and above 342 days were recognized. In both breeds, most calvings were in the greater than 342 days interval, during which the 'Bunaji had longer calving interval (P< .01) in the pernultimate calving than the crosses.
Comparison Of The Indigenous And Exotic Pure And Crossbred Sows In Southern Nigeria: Relationship Between Dam And Litter Performance
Authors: Adebambo O. A.
Published: March 2021

The study embraced the evaluation of reproductive efficiency of pure and crossbred exotic and indigenous sows of Nigeria. Characters studied were litter size at birth and weaning, survival at weaning, average pig weight, litter weights at 3,5 and 8 weeks of age and weight loss of the dams during lactation.
Highly significant breed and seasonal effects were recorded in almost all traits studied on litter and piglet performance and the efficiency of milk utilization. No seasonal effect was reported for litter size, milk ingested per piglet and weight lost by the sow. Seasonal factors accounted for 0.43% of variation in litter size but 60.9% of litter weight. Breed differences accounted for 25.7% of birth weight and 59.8% of milk utilization efficiency and the sow age contributed 5.3% of pig birth weight and 36.0% of litter size variation. Pooled estimate indicated average pig birth weight of 1.14kg in the indigenous pigs and 1.54kg for the reciprocal Large White x Landrace piglets; average weaning weights ranged from 4.39 to 9.91kg and preweaning gain from 3.38 to 8.25kg respectively. Litter size at birth also varied from 5.2 in the landrace to 8.4 in the Duroc Large White cross with 4.6 and 7kg weights of pigs weaned respectively.
Balanoposthitis In Goats Associated With Mycoplasma Agalactiae
Authors: Chima J. C. , Agba M. I. , Ezeugwu R. U.
Published: March 2021

...
STUDIES ON MANGE MITE INFECTIONS OF SHEEP AND GOATS IN THE SOUTH WESTERN REGION OF NIGERIA
Authors: AKINBOADE O. A.
Published: March 2021

A 2-YEAR study was carried out on mange mite Infection on sheep and goats in 8 randomly selected towns in South Western Region of Nigeria between January 1977 and December 1978. 

Şimilar survey was undertaken into certain selected villages as well as the University of Ibadan Teaching and Research Farm between this period. 

Majority of the goats examined were infected with Sarcoptes mange while sheep were infected mainly by Chorioptes. A few of both the goat and sheep were infected by both Psoroptes and Chorloptes. All the animals examined and found affected were treated. 

So far there has been no record of this study in Nigeria.
GRAIN REPLACEMENT VALUE OF CASSAVA AND SWEET POTATOES IN RATIONS FOR GROWING LAMBS.
Authors: TEWE O. O , AKINSOYINŲ A. O. , OGISI E. M.
Published: March 2021

27 LAMBS made up of 24 West African Dwarf (WAD)X Yankasa crosses aged 6 to 7 months old of 11 to 14kg weight and 3 WAD wether sheep, about 3 years old and weighing 34 to 39kg were used in this experiment designed to evaluate the maize replacement value of sweet potato and cassava tubers in sheep diet through energy and protein utilization. Each of the wether sheep carried permanent rumen cannula. The results showed that the maize, sweet potato and cassava based concentrates fed as supplement to grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) improved the digestibilities of crude fibre, crude protein, organic matter, NFE and N-balance. The treatment effect was significant (P<0.05) with the highest coefficients and N-retention values recorded for Animals fed sweet potato based concentrate. The ruminal VFA's production, ammonia and blood urea levels followed the same trend for all the three energy sources but the treatment effect was not significant. All the parameters so obtained on energy and protein utilization, however, indicated that the dried milled sweet potato and cassava tubers can successfully replace maize grains in sheep diet.
OESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION, ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND EARLY REBREEDING IN YANKASA SHEEP
Authors: OSINOWO O. A,
Published: March 2021

COMPONENTS of an intensive sheep production system including oestrus synchronization, artificial insemination and early rebreeding were investigated in two trials with Yankasa sheep. Treatment of ewes with progrestagen pessaries for 12 days resulted in good synchronization of first and second post-treatment oestrus. In Trial I, (January–February, 1982) 33 ewes were treated, of which 81.8% showed oestrus within 4 days after the end of progrestagen treatment while 72.7% showed a second oestrus within 21 days. In Trial II, (August – September, 1982), 48 eyes were treated, of which 87.5 and 77.1% showed first and second oestrus respectively over the same periods as in Trial I. Mean interval (± s.e.m) between first and second induced oestrus in both trials was 16.4 ±0.1 days (n = 61). About 90% of ewes exhibiting oestrus were detected 2 to 4 and 17 to 20 days after progrestagen treatment for first and second oestrus respectively. 
Lambing reates of ewes to artificial insemination or natural mating at the second induced oestrus in Trial I were 50.0 and 91.7% respectively, Corresponding lambing rates in Trial II were 65.0 and 86.70%. 
Rebreeding interval in ewes which lambed in Trial I was 59.1 ±0.8 days following commencement of progestagen treatment approximately one month after lambing. Lambing rate in this group was 78.6%.
OPTIMUM PROTEIN AND ENERGY LEVELS FOR LAYER CHICKENS IN THE HUMID TROPICS
Authors: OBIOHA F. C. , ONYILOGWU I.
Published: March 2021

In a study involving 12 diet combinations with 3 energy levels (2.6-3.0 Mcal/kg ME), 4 protein levels (14%-20%) 12 calorie-protein ratios (13.13-19.68 Kcal/gm protein) layer chickens performed better on a 3.0 Mcal — 18.45% protein diet (E3.oP18.45) than any other diet, in egg number, egg weight, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, revenue-cost ratio and egg number-feed cost ratio. Average daily feed consumption was 90g. Diets coresponding to N.R.C. levels of E2.85 P15 supported less than 280 Kcal ME or 16.55 g protein daily intake, respectively, and were inferior to the E3.0P18.45 diet.
PEMERIKSAAN KADAR KALSIUM PADA MASYARAKAT DENGAN POLA MAKAN VEGETARIAN
Authors: Yusmiati Siti Nur Husnul , Erni Erni
Published: March 2021

Vegetarians are people consuming food derived from plants or processed products, such as milk and eggs. Cereals, pulses and results nuts, tofu, tempeh and green vegetables are good source of calcium as well, but these foods contain many substances that inhibit the absorption of calcium such as fiber, phytate and oxalate, so feared vegetarians are deficient in calcium.This study is to determine the levels of calcium serum in the vegetarian by using the Colorimetric Assay. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Health Sciences, Maarif Hasyim Latif University, held on March 4, 2016 until April 18, 2016. The results of a study of 25 serum samples of the vegetarian, 4 samples (16%) showed the level of calcium in the normal range and 21 samples (84%) below the normal value. This research it can be concluded that the majority of the vegetarianâ€™s serum calcium levels below the normal value.
EKSTRAK BUAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) MENINGKATKAN KADAR CATALASE DAN GLUTATHIONE HATI TIKUS YANG TERPAPARLEAD ACETATE
Authors: Marufah Marufah , Adib M.
Published: March 2021

Pollution is an entry or inclusion living things, subtances, energy, and or other components into environment and or change of environment compositions because of human activity or natural process with the result that decrease of quality to certain level that causes doesnâ€™t work environment. Pollution can be caused many subtances that is heavy metal, i.e. lead acetate (Pb). Lead acetate affect physiological aberration, biochemical, and behavior. Heavy metal induction induce ROS production act as destructive oxidants. Body capability to oxidant neutralize serviced by superoxyde dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, vitamin E, and other antioxidants in the cell. Antioxidants synthesized by plants, which is papaya (Carica papaya L.). Papaya (Carica papaya L.) effect on CAT and GSH levels was performed on male mice wistar strain. Mice induced by lead acetate 20 gr / Kg weight dose for 6 weeks, given papaya extract 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg weight dose for 6 weeks. Further glutathione and catalase levels are measured on mice liver. This study proves, papaya extract increase catalase levels (p = 0,000) and glutathione levels (p = 0,000) on mice liver induced lead acetate. Papaya extract 400 mg/Kg/day most effective dose to increase catalase and glutathione levels on mice liver induced lead acetate.
ANALISIS KINERJA UNIT RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT X BERDASARKAN KRITERIA MALCOLM BALDRIGE
Authors: Haksama Setya , Lusno M. Farid Dimyati , Prayoga Diansanto , Farid M. Rifqo Hafidzudin , Shedyta Syadza Syahrah , Shedysni Syahrania Naura , Mudjanarko Sri Wiwoho
Published: March 2021

Pengukuran kinerja di rumah sakit saat ini merupakan hal yang sangat penting dan perlu dilakukan terutama dalam kondisi persaingan pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit sangat ketat terutama terkait dengan kinerja pelayanan, sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur kinerja pelayanannya dengan baik dan seksama. Salah satu metode yang digunakan adalah pengukuran intsrumen kinerja berdasarkan MalcolmBaldrige Performance Criteria. Penelitian ini merupakan observasional analitik dengan disaincrosssectional yang bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel. Jumlah responden 50 orang pegawai terdiri dari perawat, bidan, asisten perawat, dan asisten bidan di unit rawat inap Rumah Sakit X. Analisis data dari variabel penelitian dilakukan dengan penghitungan nilai dari kriteria kinerja Malcolm Baldrige. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja Rumah Sakit X berdasarkan profil organisasi memiliki skor 74,50; kepemimpinan 86,75 (72,29%); perencanaan strategis 66,50 (78,24%), fokus pelanggan 63,45 (74,62%); pengukuran, analisis, dan manajemen pengetahuan 66,83 (74,25%), fokus operasi 64,28 (75,62%), dan skor hasil 348,65 dari 5 hasil yang memiliki 77,48%, dan kriteria sangat baik. Kinerja Rumah Sakit X termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik pada kriteria perencanan strategis, focus sumber daya manusia, focus operasional, dan kriteria hasil; dan pada kriteria kepemimpinan, focus pelanggan, dan pengukuran analisis dan manajemen pengetahuan berada pada kategori baik dengan nilai keseluruhan adalah 762.35 yang berada pada kategori sangat baik. Rekomendasinya adalah Rumah Sakit X tetap perlu fokus meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kinerjanya dengan senantiasa melakukan monitoring dan pengawasan pada kriteria dengan nilai sangat baik, dan perlu diukur secara terus menerus untuk melihat trend pelayanannya.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KADAR BESI (Fe) AIR TAMBAK TERHADAP KADAR BESI (Fe) PADA DAGING IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) DAN IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) DI KECAMATAN JABON SIDOARJO
Authors: Ainiyah Siti Dzurrotul , Lestri Indah , Andini Ary
Published: March 2021

Jabon sub-district was one of located affected by Lapindo mudflow that had effect in water quality causing environmental pollution. One of the indicators of water pollution was heavy metal Fe exceeded of Fe standard about 0,3mg/L. When Fe was accumulated in the body could make irritation on skin and eyes, respiratory symptom, and could be caused cancer in long term. The purpose of research was to know correlation between Fe levels of pond water with Nile tilapia fish and Milkfish. This research used 10 samples of pond water, Nile tilapia fish and Milkfish were taken at same location in pond area of Jabon Sub-district. Analyzed of Fe was using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Based on the result indicated that Fe levels of pond water in Jabon sub-district was lower than Fe standard with mean about 0,015±0,445mg/L. Meanwhile Fe levels of Nile tilapia fish and Milkfish had mean about 4,783±0,444mg/kg and 6,6589±2,845mg/kg those were higher than Fe standard (> 0.5 mg/kg). It could be indicated that fish meat of Nile tilapia  fish and Milkfish were contaminated by Fe.Therefore, the results of pearson correlation test were shown no correlation between Fe levels of ponds water with Nile tilapia fish and Milkfish.
Potensi Kombinasi Sirih Merah dan Daun Srikaya Sebagai Alternatif Alami Anti Kutu Rambut (Pediculus humanus capitis)
Authors: Putri Widinda Milasari , Suryanto Imam , Sungging Pradana Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Pediculus humanus capitis atau yang dikenal dengan kutu rambut merupakan ektoparasit yang hidup pada kulit kepala manusia. Gejala klinis yang terjadi adalah rasa gatal oleh gigitan kutu rambut pada kulit kepala. Apabila sudah terserang maka efek yang ditimbulkan rasa gatal yang tidak tertahankan dan sangat menggangu sehingga akan terjadi garukan yang kuat dan dapat menyebabkan luka dan iritasi pada kulit kepala.Hal ini memudahkan masuknya bakteri sehingga terjadi infeksi. Cara penanggulangan bagi masyarakat biasanya dengan penggunaan bahan kimia seperti organochlorides (DDT dan lindane), pyrethrins alami dan sintetis (disinergikan dengan piperonyl butoxide) dan karbamat. Penggunaan terlalu banyak insektisida kimia dapat menyebabkan timbulnya iritasi pada kulit kepala dan residu yang ditinggalkan dapat juga meracuni manusia. Penanggulangan Pediculus humanus capitis pada insektisida alami dapat dilakukan dengan senyawa flavonoid yang terkandung dalam Sirih Merah dan Daun Srikaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan populasi anak-anak yang menderita kutu rambut di daerah Balongbendo Sidoarjo dengan kriteria sampel kutu rambut (Pediculus humanus capitis) yang di reaksikan dengan rebusan sirih merah dan daun srikaya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sirih merah dan daun srikaya dapat melihat kematian kutu rambut (Pediculus humanus capitis) paling efektif konsentrasi 100% dengan kurun waktu 15 menit.
IMPRESISI POOLED SERUM FREEZ DRIED YANG TERSIMPAN PADA SUHU -24oC TERHADAP PARAMETER ALBUMIN
Authors: Wijaya Gede Arie , Nugraha Jusak , Herawati Dheasy
Published: March 2021

Ukuran tingkat ketepatan dan ketelitian suatu hasil laboratorium ditentukan dengan proses pemantapan mutu internal yang baik melalui evaluasi secara berkala dan berkelanjutan, salah satunya terhindar dari larangan hukum westgard yang teraplikasi melalui grafik Levey Jenning dari suatu bahan kontrol. Penggunaan bahan kontrol tidak lepas dari perilaku pembelian bahan kontrol dari suatu industry. Pembuatan bahan kontrol dari pooled serum darah dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam mengganti kontrol pabrikan yang cukup mahal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui impresisi pembuatan bahan kontrol dari serum darah sapi. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menguji presisi bahan kontrol buatan dari serum darah sapi selama 3 bulan. Serum darah sapi dibuat sedemikan rupa dengan teknik beku kering ( freeze dryed) untuk mendapatkan bentuk serbuk kering. Penyimpanan serum bentuk serbuk kering tersebut disimpan pada suhu -24oC yang nantinya akan dilarutkan dengan aquabidest setiap melukukan tindakan kontrol secara between day. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian albumin adalah metode non enzimatik kolorimetri-BCG menggunakan alat Architech. Pemeriksaan albumin dilakukan di Laboratorium IGD RSUD Dr.Soetomo Surabaya sebanyak 90 sampel. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa serum darah sapi dalam bentuk serbuk kering dengan teknik frezze dried dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti serum kontrol pabrikan dikarenakan memiliki impresisi yang baik selama tiga bulan. Kata Kunci : Albumin, Beku kering, Darah sapi
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN JUMLAH PRODUKSI DALAM SATU HARI MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY TSUKAMOTO BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Andhyka Awang , Muashomah Nisaul , Putra Hendra
Published: March 2021

Dalam perusahaan khususnya bagian produksi, seringkali tidak mengetahui hasil dari produksi hari ini. Hasil produksi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, contohnya karyawan tidak masuk dan mesin rusak. Dari kasus tersebut, penulis membuat aplikasi prediksi jumlah produksi dengan  jumlah karyawan tidak masuk dan jumlah mesin rusak menjadi variabelnya. Aplikasi ini dibuat dengan menggunakan platform android. Metode Tsukamoto adalah sebuah metode untuk mengambil sebuah keputusan. Pada tahap menentukan keputusan pada metode Tsukamoto yaitu satu: masukan tegas (crips) menjadi variabel linguistik, dua: aturan fuzzy, tiga: analisis logika, empat: penegasan (defuzzyfikasi), lima: penarikan sebuah kesimpulan dan yang terakir interpretasi hasil. Metode Tsukamoto dipilih karena memiliki aturan dengan merepresentasikan logika fuzzy yang dapat menghasilkan jumlah produksi cat. Metode Tsukamoto digunakan dalam menentukan jumlah produksi berdasarkan karyawan tidak masuk dan jumlah mesin yang rusak. Karyawan tidak masuk dan mesin rusak adalah variabel yang direpresentasikan dalam fungsi keanggotaan fuzzy.
Technical note: Characterising and comparing different palaeoclimates with dynamical systems theory
Authors: Messori Gabriele , Faranda Davide
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Numerical climate simulations produce vast amounts of high-resolution data. This poses new challenges to the palaeoclimate community – and indeed to the broader climate community – in how to efficiently process and interpret model output. The palaeoclimate community also faces the additional challenge of having to characterise and compare a much broader range of climates than encountered in other subfields of climate science. Here we propose an analysis framework, grounded in dynamical systems theory, which may contribute to overcoming these challenges. The framework enables the characterisation of the dynamics of a given climate through a small number of metrics. These may be applied to individual climate variables or to several variables at once, and they can diagnose properties such as persistence, active number of degrees of freedom and coupling. Crucially, the metrics provide information on instantaneous states of the chosen variable(s). To illustrate the framework's applicability, we analyse three numerical simulations of mid-Holocene climates over North Africa under different boundary conditions. We find that the three simulations produce climate systems with different dynamical properties, such as persistence of the spatial precipitation patterns and coupling between precipitation and large-scale sea level pressure patterns, which are reflected in the dynamical systems metrics. We conclude that the dynamical systems framework holds significant potential for analysing palaeoclimate simulations. At the same time, an appraisal of the framework's limitations suggests that it should be viewed as a complement to more conventional analyses, rather than as a wholesale substitute.
Land subsidence due to groundwater pumping: hazard probability assessment through the combination of Bayesian model and fuzzy set theory
Authors: Li Huijun , Zhu Lin , Guo Gaoxuan , Zhang Yan , Dai Zhenxue , Li Xiaojuan , Chang Linzhen , Teatini Pietro
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Land subsidence caused by groundwater overpumping threatens the sustainable development in Beijing. Hazard assessments of land subsidence can provide early warning information to improve prevention measures. However, uncertainty and fuzziness are the major issues during hazard assessments of land subsidence. We propose a method that integrates fuzzy set theory and weighted Bayesian model (FWBM) to evaluate the hazard
probability of land subsidence measured by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology. The model is structured as a directed
acyclic graph. The hazard probability distribution of each factor triggering land subsidence is determined using Bayes' theorem. Fuzzification of the factor significance reduces the ambiguity of the relationship between the factors and subsidence. The probability of land subsidence hazard under multiple factors is then calculated with the FWBM. The subsidence time series obtained by InSAR is used to infer the updated posterior probability. The upper and middle parts of the Chaobai River alluvial fan are taken as a case-study site, which locates the first large-scale emergency groundwater resource region in the Beijing plain. The results show that rates of groundwater level decrease more than 1 m yr−1 in the confined and unconfined aquifers, with cumulative thicknesses of the compressible sediments between 160 and 170 m and Quaternary thicknesses between 400 and 500 m, yielding maximum hazard probabilities of 0.65, 0.68, 0.32, and 0.35, respectively. The overall hazard probability of land subsidence in the study area decreased from 51.3 % to 28.3 % between 2003 and 2017 due to lower rates of groundwater level decrease. This study provides useful insights for decision makers to select different approaches for land subsidence prevention.
Gravity modeling of the Alpine lithosphere affected by magmatism based on seismic tomography
Authors: Tadiello Davide , Braitenberg Carla
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The southern Alpine regions were affected by several magmatic and volcanic events between the Paleozoic and the Tertiary. This activity undoubtedly had an important effect on the density distribution and structural setting at lithosphere scale. Here the gravity field has been used to create a 3D lithosphere density model on the basis of a high-resolution seismic tomography model. The results of the gravity modeling demonstrate a highly complex density distribution in good agreement with the different geological domains of the Alpine area represented by the European Plate, the Adriatic Plate and the Tyrrhenian basin. The Adriatic-derived terrains (Southalpine and Austroalpine) of the Alps are typically denser (2850 kg m−3), whilst the Alpine zone, composed of terrains of European provenance (Helvetic and Tauern Window), presents lower density values (2750 kg m−3). Inside the Southalpine, south of the Dolomites, a well-known positive gravity anomaly is present, and one of the aims of this work was to investigate the source of this anomaly that has not yet been explained. The modeled density suggests that the anomaly is related to two different sources; the first involves the middle crust below the gravity anomaly and is represented by localized mushroom-shaped bodies interpreted as magmatic intrusions, while a second wider density anomaly affects the lower crust of the southern Alpine realm and could correspond to a mafic and ultramafic magmatic underplating (gabbros and related cumulates) developed during Paleozoic extension.
L’assistenza sociale negli anni del Governatorato di Roma. L’Inventario dell’Ufficio Assistenza Sociale (1926-1935)
Authors: Lunadei Simona
Published: March 2021

All’Ufficio Assistenza Sociale, di cui si presenta l’inventario, fu attribuito il compito di sovraintendere alle attività riguardanti la lotta antitubercolare, la propaganda igienica e le varie forme di assistenza all’infanzia, il contrasto all’accattonaggio e al proliferare delle baracche. Sua competenza era inoltre quella di programmare le provvidenze per le famiglie sfrattate da ricollocare nei ricoveri, nelle nuove borgate o nelle case convenzionate, a seconda del loro livello economico. La concessione di sussidi agli indigenti e di premi per le famiglie numerose conclude infine la molteplicità delle attribuzioni dell’Ufficio Assistenza Sociale. Tra tutti questi settori di intervento quello su cui si è concentrata l’analisi delle fonti, con il saggio di Simona Lunadei che accompagna l’inventario, è quello che riguarda l’assistenza ai minori attraverso le istituzioni di cui il regime si è avvalso, potenziandole e trasformandole rispetto al regime liberale.
A humanização Freiriana: processos de formação docente nos documentos que orientam os currículos dos cursos de Pedagogia
Authors: Nery Vanessa Cristina Girotto , Barbosa Ana Maria da Silva
Published: March 2021

This is a study on the humanization processes present in the documents that guide the curricula of the courses, specifically the course of Pedagogy, in Brazil. The main purpose was to understand the ways in which the construction of this concept was guided in these documents. The Freirean thinking is central to the discussions brought up as it is understood that it may assist in the construction of a new pedagogical paradigm, based on the principle of training for humanization. The study was guided by a documentary research, and the data were analyzed according to a qualitative perspective. As a result, discussions about teacher training in connection with legal documents are developed. Reflections are conducted with the aim of joining legislation, teachers and researchers in a humanized way.