bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation for MHD Oldroyd-B fluid flow with melting and slip effect
Authors: Dadheech Amit , Sharma Surbhi , Al-Mdallal Qasem
Published: May 2024

This investigation reflects an examination of Oldroyd-B fluid flow over a permeable surface subjected to the effects of melting, slip effect, inclined magnetic field and chemical reactions. The governing equations are resolved using the bvp4c inbuilt MATLAB tool, the arithmetic computation for the momentum, thermal and concentration equations are executed. The results are exhibited graphically. Numerical outcomes are graphically depicted by aid of velocity, concentration, temperature profiles for several model variables. The achieved results exhibit a promising agreement with the previously established findings available in the open literature. The results obtained indicated that Deborah number $$\beta_{1}$$

β
1

reduces the momentum boundary layer thickness whereas Deborah number $$\beta_{2}$$

β
2

enhances the adjacent momentum boundary layer. Furthermore, temperature profile declined for melting parameter $$Me$$

Me

. The application of this study transcends various engineering disciplines, offering practical solutions and optimization opportunities in polymer processing, coating technologies, cooling systems, materials processing, biomedical and environmental engineering.
In-situ particle analysis with heterogeneous background: a machine learning approach
Authors: Alam Adeeb Ibne , Rahman Md Hafizur , Zia Akhter , Lowry Nate , Chakraborty Prabuddha , Hassan Md Rafiul , Khoda Bashir
Published: May 2024

We propose a novel framework that combines state-of-the-art deep learning approaches with pre- and post-processing algorithms for particle detection in complex/heterogeneous backgrounds common in the manufacturing domain. Traditional methods, like size analyzers and those based on dilution, image processing, or deep learning, typically excel with homogeneous backgrounds. Yet, they often fall short in accurately detecting particles against the intricate and varied backgrounds characteristic of heterogeneous particle–substrate (HPS) interfaces in manufacturing. To address this, we've developed a flexible framework designed to detect particles in diverse environments and input types. Our modular framework hinges on model selection and AI-guided particle detection as its core, with preprocessing and postprocessing as integral components, creating a four-step process. This system is versatile, allowing for various preprocessing, AI model selections, and post-processing strategies. We demonstrate this with an entrainment-based particle delivery method, transferring various particles onto substrates that mimic the HPS interface. By altering particle and substrate properties (e.g., material type, size, roughness, shape) and process parameters (e.g., capillary number) during particle entrainment, we capture images under different ambient lighting conditions, introducing a range of HPS background complexities. In the preprocessing phase, we apply image enhancement and sharpening techniques to improve detection accuracy. Specifically, image enhancement adjusts the dynamic range and histogram, while sharpening increases contrast by combining the high pass filter output with the base image. We introduce an image classifier model (based on the type of heterogeneity), employing Transfer Learning with MobileNet as a Model Selector, to identify the most appropriate AI model (i.e., YOLO model) for analyzing each specific image, thereby enhancing detection accuracy across particle–substrate variations. Following image classification based on heterogeneity, the relevant YOLO model is employed for particle identification, with a distinct YOLO model generated for each heterogeneity type, improving overall classification performance. In the post-processing phase, domain knowledge is used to minimize false positives. Our analysis indicates that the AI-guided framework maintains consistent precision and recall across various HPS conditions, with the harmonic mean of these metrics comparable to those of individual AI model outcomes. This tool shows potential for advancing in-situ process monitoring across multiple manufacturing operations, including high-density powder-based 3D printing, powder metallurgy, extreme environment coatings, particle categorization, and semiconductor manufacturing.
Experiences of stigma, discrimination and violence and their impact on the mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Janoušková Miroslava , Pekara Jaroslav , Kučera Matěj , Kearns Pavla Brennan , Šeblová Jana , Wolfová Katrin , Kuklová Marie , Šeblová Dominika
Published: May 2024

Health care workers have been exposed to COVID-19 more than people in other professions, which may have led to stigmatization, discrimination, and violence toward them, possibly impacting their mental health. We investigated (1) factors associated with stigma, discrimination, and violence, (2) the association of stigma, discrimination, and violence with mental health, (3) everyday experiences of stigmatization, discrimination, and violence. We chose a combination of a quantitative approach and qualitative content analysis to analyze data collected at three time points: in 2020, 2021 and 2022. A higher age was associated with lower odds of experiencing stigma, discrimination, and violence, whereas female gender was related to more negative experiences. The intensity of exposure to COVID-19 was associated with greater experience with stigmatization, discrimination, and violence across all three years (for example in 2022: odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.74, 1.18–2.55 for mild exposure; 2.82, 1.95–4.09 for moderate exposure; and 5.74, 3.55–9.26 for severe exposure, when compared to no exposure). Stigma, discrimination, and violence were most strongly associated with psychological distress in 2020 (odds ratio = 2.97, 95% confidence interval 2.27–3.88) and with depressive symptoms in 2021 (odds ratio = 2.78, 95% confidence interval 2.12–3.64). Attention should be given to the destigmatization of contagious diseases and the prevention of discrimination, violence, and mental health problems, both within workplaces and among the public.
A complexity efficient penta-diagonal quantum smoothing filter for bio-medical signal denoising: a study on ECG
Authors: Laskar Mostafizur Rahaman , Pratiher Sawon , Dutta Amit Kumar , Ghosh Nirmalya , Patra Amit
Published: May 2024

Extracting information-bearing signal from a noisy environment has been a practical challenge in both classical and quantum computing formalism, especially in critical signal processing applications. To filter out the effect of noise, we propose a quantum smoothing filter built upon quantum formalism-based circuits applied for electrocardiogram signal denoising. The proposed quantum filter is a conceptually novel framework with an advantage in computational complexity as compared to the existing classical filters, such as discrete wavelet transform and empirical mode decomposition, whereas it achieves similar performance metrics for the accuracy of the filter. Further, we exploit the penta-diagonal Toeplitz structure of the smoothing filter, which gives approximately $$48\%$$

48
%

gate cost reduction for 10 qubit circuit compared to the standard Hamiltonian simulation without structure. The run-time complexity using the quantum matrix inversion technique for the structured matrix is given by $$\tilde{{\mathscr {O}}}\left( \frac{\kappa ^2 \text {poly}(\log {N})}{\varepsilon _P}\right)$$

O
~

κ
2

poly

(
log
N
)

ε
P

for condition number $$\kappa$$
κ
of the $$N\times N$$

N
×
N

filter matrix within precision $$\varepsilon _P$$

ε
P

. Embedding fixed sparsity of the banded matrix, the quantum filter shows potentially better run-time complexity than classical filtering techniques. For the quantifiable research results of our work, we have shown several performance metrics, such as mean-square error and peak signal-to-noise ratio analysis, with a bound of error due to observation noise, simulation error and quantum measurement uncertainty.
Incidence of resistance to ALS and ACCase inhibitors in Echinochloa species and soil microbial composition in Northern Italy
Authors: Cusaro Carlo Maria , Capelli Enrica , Picco Anna Maria , Brusoni Maura
Published: May 2024

The increasing amount of weeds surviving herbicide represents a very serious problem for crop management. The interaction between microbial community of soil and herbicide resistance, along with the potential evolutive consequences, are still poorly known and need to be investigated to better understand the impact on agricultural management. In our study, we analyzed the microbial composition of soils in 32 farms, located in the Northern Italy rice-growing area (Lombardy) with the aim to evaluate the relationship between the microbial composition and the incidence of resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides inEchinochloaspecies. We observed that the coverage of weeds survived herbicide treatment was higher than 60% in paddy fields with a low microbial biodiversity and less than 5% in those with a high microbial biodiversity. Fungal communities showed a greater reduction in richness thanBacteria. In soils with a reduced microbial diversity, a significant increase of some bacterial and fungal orders (i.e.Lactobacillales,MalassezialesandDiaporthales) was observed. Interestingly, we identified two different microbial profiles linked to the two conditions: high incidence of herbicide resistance (H-HeR) and low incidence of herbicide resistance (L-HeR). Overall, the results we obtained allow us to make hypotheses on the greater or lesser probability of herbicide resistance occurrence based on the composition of the soil microbiome and especially on the degree of biodiversity of the microbial communities.
Markerless 3D kinematics and force estimation in cheetahs
Authors: da Silva Zico , Shield Stacey , Hudson Penny E. , Wilson Alan M. , Nicolls Fred , Patel Amir
Published: May 2024

The complex dynamics of animal manoeuvrability in the wild is extremely challenging to study. The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a perfect example: despite great interest in its unmatched speed and manoeuvrability, obtaining complete whole-body motion data from these animals remains an unsolved problem. This is especially difficult in wild cheetahs, where it is essential that the methods used are remote and do not constrain the animal’s motion. In this work, we use data obtained from cheetahs in the wild to present a trajectory optimisation approach for estimating the 3D kinematics and joint torques of subjects remotely. We call this approach kinetic full trajectory estimation (K-FTE). We validate the method on a dataset comprising synchronised video and force plate data. We are able to reconstruct the 3D kinematics with an average reprojection error of 17.69 pixels (62.94% PCK using the nose-to-eye(s) length segment as a threshold), while the estimates produce an average root-mean-square error of 171.3N ($$\approx$$
≈
17.16% of peak force during stride) for the estimated ground reaction force when compared against the force plate data. While the joint torques cannot be directly validated against ground truth data, as no such data is available for cheetahs, the estimated torques agree with previous studies of quadrupeds in controlled settings. These results will enable deeper insight into the study of animal locomotion in a more natural environment for both biologists and roboticists.
Differential expression of angiogenesis-related genes ‘VEGF’ and ‘angiopoietin-1’ in metastatic and EMAST-positive colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Torshizi Esfahani Amir , Mohammadpour Somayeh , Jalali Pooya , Yaghoobi Alireza , Karimpour Raana , Torkamani Soha , Pardakhtchi Ali , Salehi Zahra , Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad Ehsan
Published: May 2024

Abnormal angiogenesis leads to tumor progression and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to elucidate the association between angiogenesis-related genes, including VEGF-A, ANGPT-1, and ANGPT-2 with both metastatic and microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) subtypes of CRC. We conducted a thorough assessment of the ANGPT-1, ANGPT-2, and VEGF-A gene expression utilizing publicly available RNA sequencing and microarray datasets. Then, the experimental validation was performed in 122 CRC patients, considering their disease metastasis and EMAST+/− profile by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Subsequently, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network associated with these angiogenesis-related genes was constructed and analyzed. The expression level of VEGF-A and ANGPT-2 genes were significantly higher in tumor tissues as compared with normal adjacent tissues (P-value < 0.001). Nevertheless, ANGPT-1 had a significantly lower expression in tumor samples than in normal colon tissue (P-value < 0.01). We identified a significantly increased VEGF-A (P-value = 0.002) and decreased ANGPT-1 (P-value = 0.04) expression in EMAST+ colorectal tumors. Regarding metastasis, a significantly increased VEGF-A and ANGPT-2 expression (P-value = 0.001) and decreased ANGPT-1 expression (P-value < 0.05) were established in metastatic CRC patients. Remarkably, co-expression analysis also showed a strong correlation between ANGPT-2 and VEGF-A gene expressions. The ceRNA network was constructed by ANGPT-1, ANGPT-2, VEGF-A, and experimentally validated miRNAs (hsa-miR-190a-3p, hsa-miR-374c-5p, hsa-miR-452-5p, and hsa-miR-889-3p), lncRNAs (AFAP1-AS1, KCNQ1OT1 and MALAT1), and TFs (Sp1, E2F1, and STAT3). Network analysis revealed that colorectal cancer is amongst the 82 significant pathways. We demonstrated a significant differential expression of VEGF-A and ANGPT-1 in colorectal cancer patients exhibiting the EMAST+ phenotype. This finding provides novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, specifically in EMAST subtypes. Yet, the generalization of in silico findings to EMAST+ colorectal cancer warrants future experimental investigations. In the end, this study proposes that the EMAST biomarker could serve as an additional perspective on CMS4 biology which is well-defined by activated angiogenesis and worse overall survival.
Metabolomic screening of radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer patients and the underlying chemical mechanism of iodine resistance
Authors: Zheng Weihui , Tang Xi , Dong Jinyun , Feng Jianguo , Chen Min , Zhu Xin
Published: May 2024

Radioiodine refractory (RAIR) patients do not benefit from iodine-131 therapy. Thus, timely identification of RAIR patients is critical for avoiding ineffective radioactive iodine therapy. In addition, determining the causes of iodine resistance will facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies. This study was comprised of 20 RAIR and 14 non-radioiodine refractory (non-RAIR) thyroid cancer patients. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify differences in the serum metabolites of RAIR and non-RAIR patients. In addition, chemical assays were performed to determine the effects of the differential metabolites on iodine uptake. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of the differential metabolites revealed significant differences in the phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolic pathways. Notably, quinate and shikimic acid, metabolites of the tyrosine pathway, were significantly increased in the RAIR group. In contrast, the phenylalanine pathway metabolites, hippuric acid and 2-phenylacetamide, were markedly decreased in the RAIR group. Thyroid peroxidase plays an important role in catalyzing the iodination of tyrosine residues, while the ionic state of iodine promotes the iodination reaction. Quinate, shikimic acid, hippuric acid, and 2-phenylacetamide were found to be involved in the iodination of tyrosine, which is a key step in thyroid hormone synthesis. Specifically, quinate and shikimic acid were found to inhibit iodination, while hippuric acid and 2-phenylacetamide promoted iodination. Abnormalities in phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolic pathways are closely associated with iodine resistance. Tyrosine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis and could be a potential cause of iodine resistance.
Post-intensive care syndrome and health-related quality of life in long-term survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Amacher Simon A. , Sahmer Christian , Becker Christoph , Gross Sebastian , Arpagaus Armon , Urben Tabita , Tisljar Kai , Emsden Christian , Sutter Raoul , Marsch Stephan , Hunziker Sabina
Published: May 2024

Patients discharged from intensive care are at risk for post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), which consists of physical, psychological, and/or neurological impairments. This study aimed to analyze PICS at 24 months follow-up, to identify potential risk factors for PICS, and to assess health-related quality of life in a long-term cohort of adult cardiac arrest survivors. This prospective cohort study included adult cardiac arrest survivors admitted to the intensive care unit of a Swiss tertiary academic medical center. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of PICS at 24 months follow-up, defined as impairments in physical (measured through the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions-3-Levels instrument [EQ-5D-3L]), neurological (defined as Cerebral Performance Category Score > 2 or Modified Rankin Score > 3), and psychological (based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised) domains. Among 107 cardiac arrest survivors that completed the 2-year follow-up, 46 patients (43.0%) had symptoms of PICS, with 41 patients (38.7%) experiencing symptoms in the physical domain, 16 patients (15.4%) in the psychological domain, and 3 patients (2.8%) in the neurological domain. Key predictors for PICS in multivariate analyses were female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.17, 95% CI 1.08 to 9.3), duration of no-flow interval during cardiac arrest (minutes) (aOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.33), post-discharge job-loss (aOR 31.25, 95% CI 3.63 to 268.83), need for ongoing psychological support (aOR 3.64, 95% CI 1.29 to 10.29) or psychopharmacologic treatment (aOR 9.49, 95% CI 1.9 to 47.3), and EQ-visual analogue scale (points) (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.93). More than one-third of cardiac arrest survivors experience symptoms of PICS 2 years after resuscitation, with the highest impairment observed in the physical and psychological domains. However, long-term survivors of cardiac arrest report intact health-related quality of life when compared to the general population. Future research should focus on appropriate prevention, screening, and treatment strategies for PICS in cardiac arrest patients.
Molecular histopathology of matrix proteins through autofluorescence super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Ghosh Biswajoy , Chatterjee Jyotirmoy , Paul Ranjan Rashmi , Acuña Sebastian , Lahiri Pooja , Pal Mousumi , Mitra Pabitra , Agarwal Krishna
Published: May 2024

Extracellular matrix diseases like fibrosis are elusive to diagnose early on, to avoid complete loss of organ function or even cancer progression, making early diagnosis crucial. Imaging the matrix densities of proteins like collagen in fixed tissue sections with suitable stains and labels is a standard for diagnosis and staging. However, fine changes in matrix density are difficult to realize by conventional histological staining and microscopy as the matrix fibrils are finer than the resolving capacity of these microscopes. The dyes further blur the outline of the matrix and add a background that bottlenecks high-precision early diagnosis of matrix diseases. Here we demonstrate the multiple signal classification method-MUSICAL-otherwise a computational super-resolution microscopy technique to precisely estimate matrix density in fixed tissue sections using fibril autofluorescence with image stacks acquired on a conventional epifluorescence microscope. We validated the diagnostic and staging performance of the method in extracted collagen fibrils, mouse skin during repair, and pre-cancers in human oral mucosa. The method enables early high-precision label-free diagnosis of matrix-associated fibrotic diseases without needing additional infrastructure or rigorous clinical training.
Effects of auditory noise intensity and color on the dynamics of upright stance
Authors: Carey Sam , Ross Jessica M. , Abney Drew , Balasubramaniam Ramesh
Published: May 2024

Previous work assessing the effect of additive noise on the postural control system has found a positive effect of additive white noise on postural dynamics. This study covers two separate experiments that were run sequentially to better understand how the structure of the additive noise signal affects postural dynamics, while also furthering our knowledge of how the intensity of auditory stimulation of noise may elicit this phenomenon. Across the two experiments, we introduced three auditory noise stimulations of varying structure (white, pink, and brown noise). Experiment 1 presented the stimuli at 35 dB while Experiment 2 was presented at 75 dB. Our findings demonstrate a decrease in variability of the postural control system regardless of the structure of the noise signal presented, but only for high intensity auditory stimulation.
Detection of surface enhanced Raman scattering active hotspot using near field scanning optical microscopy
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Kamal
Published: May 2024

Hotspots are high-intensity electromagnetic zones that form, for example, at the interstitials of plasmonic nanoaggregates, resulting in a considerable rise in the enhancement factor. However, it is inevitable to achieve specific nanometric geometry as well as a suitable technique to capture the details of hotspots. We report near-field surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy of a well-defined gold nanoaggregate of a few nanoparticles adsorbed with a small number of target analytes. A spectrally and spatially resolved SERS measurement setup using an aperture near-field scanning optical microscope (a-NSOM) facilitated the direct observation of localized electromagnetic (EM) fields at the interstitials through SERS. Correlated optical image and corresponding nanometric geometry were captured through the home-built a-NSOM setup. Near-field SERS spectra were recorded at different sites of interest. It was evident that the interstitial positioned at the center of the tetramer provided the most intense Raman scattering, implying the possibility of a SERS-active hotspot therein. SERS bands of the spectrum of the Raman-active dye Rhodamine 6G recorded at the same hotspot coincided well with those reported so far. It was noteworthy that most of the SERS bands in such scenery got enhanced. Such direct observation with high spatial resolution is indispensable to understanding the origin of localized EM fields at “hotspots” and the EM enhancement factor in the SERS process. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis was carried out to validate the results.
Machine learning insights into predicting biogas separation in metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Cooley Isabel , Boobier Samuel , Hirst Jonathan D. , Besley Elena
Published: May 2024

Breakthroughs in efficient use of biogas fuel depend on successful separation of carbon dioxide/methane streams and identification of appropriate separation materials. In this work, machine learning models are trained to predict biogas separation properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Training data are obtained using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of experimental MOFs which have been carefully curated to ensure data quality and structural viability. The models show excellent performance in predicting gas uptake and classifying MOFs according to the trade-off between gas uptake and selectivity, with R2 values consistently above 0.9 for the validation set. We make prospective predictions on an independent external set of hypothetical MOFs, and examine these predictions in comparison to the results of grand canonical Monte Carlo calculations. The best-performing trained models correctly filter out over 90% of low-performing unseen MOFs, illustrating their applicability to other MOF datasets.
Polarization-independent Spatial Kramers-Kronig medium for omnidirectional reflectionless absorption of unpolarized light
Authors: Li Quanping , Luo Yu , Zhang Jingjing , Gao Yuan , Tang Jingxin , Hu Xiaojun , Ye Dexin
Published: May 2024

Spatial Kramers-Kronig (KK) media offer a possible route to obtain omnidirectional light absorption within a thin layer of material. However, the experimental realizations are typically limited to a specific polarization, i.e., either transverse electric (TE) or transverse magnetic (TM), hence lacking specific implementations for the absorption of unpolarized light. In this work, we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a polarization-independent KK medium which performs omnidirectional reflectionless absorption for both TE and TM polarized waves. Our design makes use of a special matryoshka metamaterial, whose electric and magnetic responses can be independently controlled with minimized crosstalk. To extend the absorption spectrum, the inner truncation boundary of the KK medium is set at a position far away from the spatial Lorentz resonance, where the constitutive parameter of the metamaterial remains unitary over a broad frequency band. A mini anechoic chamber, 6.83-wavelength in diameter, is constructed using the designed annulus-shaped KK medium. The measured fields for both TE and TM polarizations confirm the polarization-independent omnidirectional and nearly reflectionless absorption in a broadband frequency range.
Augmenting large language models with chemistry tools
Authors: M. Bran Andres , Cox Sam , Schilter Oliver , Baldassari Carlo , White Andrew D. , Schwaller Philippe
Published: May 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in tasks across domains but struggle with chemistry-related problems. These models also lack access to external knowledge sources, limiting their usefulness in scientific applications. We introduce ChemCrow, an LLM chemistry agent designed to accomplish tasks across organic synthesis, drug discovery and materials design. By integrating 18 expert-designed tools and using GPT-4 as the LLM, ChemCrow augments the LLM performance in chemistry, and new capabilities emerge. Our agent autonomously planned and executed the syntheses of an insect repellent and three organocatalysts and guided the discovery of a novel chromophore. Our evaluation, including both LLM and expert assessments, demonstrates ChemCrow’s effectiveness in automating a diverse set of chemical tasks. Our work not only aids expert chemists and lowers barriers for non-experts but also fosters scientific advancement by bridging the gap between experimental and computational chemistry.
Living sustainably in a Danish eco-community: how social and physical infrastructures affect carbon footprints
Authors: Gausset Quentin , Jensen Pia Duus
Published: May 2024

The Self-Sustaining Village is a Danish eco-community whose mission is to develop communal sustainable living. This paper evaluates its sustainable living through a questionnaire survey of residents that measures their carbon footprint based on self-reported consumption. The survey also measures their life satisfaction. Results show that residents have a carbon footprint that is 60% below the national average and have a higher life satisfaction than the national average. Results from long-term participant observation explain the lower carbon footprints relating to energy, transport, food and other material items by the existence of particular physical and social infrastructures that shape life in the Self-Sustaining Village. Residents live more sustainably because their collective decisions make sustainable choices the standard or default options. They do so without having to make conscious choices individually and without sacrificing their private comfort for the environment and the climate. These villagers live up to their sustainable ideals and enjoy a richer social life that provides a higher life satisfaction than if they lived separately as independent households. The Self-Sustaining Village provides us with a model in which people live happier with less.
Lysine-based non-cytotoxic ultrashort self-assembling peptides with antimicrobial activity
Authors: Özbek Nagihan , Vilarrocha Eugenio Llorens , Jover Begonya Vicedo , Ventura Eva Falomir , Escuder Beatriu
Published: May 2024

Promising results confirmed the antimicrobial activity of l-lysine-based ultrashort dipeptide hydrogels on E. coli and S. aureus bacteria and non-cytotoxic properties on cell viability with human embryonic kidney cell line HEK-293.
Confined dual Lewis acid centers for selective cascade C–C coupling and deoxygenation
Authors: Li Houqian , Pang Jifeng , Hu Wenda , Caballero Vannessa , Sun Junming , Tan Mingwu , Hu Jian Zhi , Ni Yelin , Wang Yong
Published: May 2024

Dual Lewis acidic centers, CeOx and framework Sn, confined in Beta zeolite, catalyze the acetone C–C coupling followed by deoxygenation to isobutene, achieving a desirable product distribution and stability in the absence of water.
Carbon vacancies regulation strategy for boosting the high-temperature microwave absorption performance of (Co0.2Mo0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)Cx high-entropy carbides
Authors: Duan Yuping , Niu Likun , Li Zerui , Liu Xiaoji , Pang Huifang , Ma Jiabin , Gong Jian , Wang Jiangang
Published: May 2024

The microwave absorption performance of (Co0.2Mo0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)Cx high-entropy carbides prepared by ball milling is optimized by modulating the concentration of carbon vacancies.
Determining monolignol oxifunctionalization by direct infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Skaali Rannei , Devle Hanne , Ebner Katharina , Ekeberg Dag , Sørlie Morten
Published: May 2024

A novel method using DI-ESI-MS to efficiently identify and quantify oxifunctionalized lignin monomers, advancing UPO-catalyzed lignin valorization.
First observation of electrode-correlated protonic conductivity of perovskite-type electrolytes and way towards optimization
Authors: Luo Zhixin , Tang Jiayi , Wang Zehua , Yang Guangming , Zhu Tianjiu , Lin Zezhou , Jiang San Ping , Shao Zongping
Published: May 2024

Comparing symmetric cells with oxygen-ion and protonic conductive electrolytes, using distinct electrodes, shows that electrode hydration strongly affects proton-conductivity in defective perovskite electrolytes.
Inhibitory effect of extracts from edible parts of nuts on α-amylase activity: a systematic review
Authors: Farazi Mena , Houghton Michael J. , Cardoso Barbara R. , Murray Margaret , Williamson Gary
Published: May 2024

The inhibitory effect of extracts from edible parts of nuts on α-amylase activity in vitro, including inhibition of human α-amylase by polyphenol-rich chestnut and almond skin extracts.
Characterization of hydrated magnesium carbonate materials with synchrotron radiation-based scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy
Authors: Thasfiquzzaman Md , Nguyen Hoang , Mansikkala Tuomas , Huttula Marko , Beinik Igor , Schwenke Jörg , Thånell Karina , Hitchcock Adam P. , Kinnunen Paivo , Patanen Minna
Published: May 2024

Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy reveals the evolution of different phases in the formation of green alternative cements.
Insulin-infused bimetallic nano-subclusters as a multifunctional agent for ROS scavenging, antibacterial resilience, and accelerated in vitro cell migration
Authors: Sharda Deepinder , Choudhury Diptiman
Published: May 2024

The potential roles of insulin, silver, copper and quercetin as antibacterial agents, ROS scavengers and cell growth and migration promotors, which eventually lead to effective and efficient wound healing, are depicted.
1-Naphthylacetic acid appended amino acids-based hydrogels: probing of the supramolecular catalysis of ester hydrolysis reaction
Authors: Bassan Ruchika , Mondal Biplab , Varshney Mayank , Roy Subhasish
Published: May 2024

Natural amino acids and their derivatives are valuable ingredients for constructing various nanostructures that can show esterase-like activity. The co-assembly template, helical nanofibers and lysine play crucial role in ester hydrolysis reaction.
Vertical heterostructure of graphite–MoS2 for gas sensing
Authors: Tripathi M. , Deokar G. , Casanova-Chafer J. , Jin J. , Sierra-Castillo A. , Ogilvie S. P. , Lee F. , Iyengar S. A. , Biswas A. , Haye E. , Genovese A. , Llobet E. , Colomer J.-F. , Jurewicz I. , Gadhamshetty V. , Ajayan P. M. , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Costa Pedro M. F. J. , Dalton A. B.
Published: May 2024

2D materials, given their form-factor, high surface-to-volume ratio, and chemical functionality have immense use in sensor design.
Correction: Effect of electrolyte optimization on nitrogen-doped MXene (Ti3C2Tx) coupled with Cu–BTC MOF for a supercapattery and the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Hassan Haseebul , Umar Ehtisham , Iqbal M. Waqas , Alqorashi Afaf Khadr , Almutairi Badriah S. , Alrobei Hussein , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Ahmad Niaz
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Effect of electrolyte optimization on nitrogen-doped MXene (Ti3C2Tx) coupled with Cu–BTC MOF for a supercapattery and the hydrogen evolution reaction’ by Haseebul Hassan et al., New J. Chem., 2024, 48, 6277–6295, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NJ05510H.
Donor–acceptor type triphenylamine-based porous aromatic frameworks (TPA-PAFs) for photosynthesis of benzimidazoles
Authors: Xu Xinmeng , Wang He , Zhang Zhenwei , Li Jiali , Liu Xiaoming , Tao Xin , Zhu Guangshan
Published: May 2024

Two donor–acceptor type triphenylamine-based porous aromatic frameworks (TPA-PAFs) were constructed, which achieved the photocatalytic synthesis of benzimidazoles and their derivatives in high yields under mild conditions.
High solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield of carbon-dot-derived molecular fluorophores for light-emitting devices
Authors: Javed Nasir , Pacheco Haydee , Sreekumar Sneha , Chong Jinyu , Cheng Zhongkai , O'Carroll Deirdre M.
Published: May 2024

Concentration-dependent solid-state PLQY of molecular fluorophores derived from CDs is recorded at up to 75.9%. Blue, white, and yellow LEDs are fabricated with luminance of up to 43 331 cd m−2.
Temperature-dependent self-trapped models regulating energy transfer in rare earth double perovskites via 5s2 electron doping
Authors: Tan Chujun , Zhang Shuai , Wang Haiyan , Yao Jiandong , Liu Hongbang , Zou Bingsuo , Zeng Ruosheng
Published: May 2024

Sb3+/Sm3+ co-doping can effectively modulate the luminescence by adjusting the energy transfer in Cs2NaYCl6 double perovskites. Two minima in the excited state of 3P1 enable the double self-trapped exciton emission at low temperatures.
New cyclometalated Ru(ii) polypyridyl photosensitizers trigger oncosis in cancer cells by inducing damage to cellular membranes
Authors: Cervinka Jakub , Hernández-García Alba , Bautista Delia , Markova Lenka , Kostrhunova Hana , Malina Jaroslav , Kasparkova Jana , Santana M. Dolores , Brabec Viktor , Ruiz José
Published: May 2024

A new generation of benzimidazole-based cyclometalated ruthenium(ii) complexes with bpy or dpq as ancillary ligands are effective against hypoxic cancers via green light activation and can directly disrupt phospholipid membranes and trigger oncosis.
Coordination-driven assembly of dysprosium layers into a framework featuring enhanced energy barriers and quantum tunneling of magnetization
Authors: Huang Zhen-Na , Sun Rong , Ma Fang , Yang Jing , Huang Xiao-Xiao , Sun Hao-Ling , Gao Song
Published: May 2024

An orchestrated reaction of Dy(ClO4)3·6H2O with the organic ligand of N′-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrazine-N-oxide-carbohydrazide (H2L) affords a layered building block, denoted as {[Dy(L)(H2O)(CH3OH)]ClO4·2CH3OH}n (1).
Ultrasonic-assisted in situ synthesis of MOF-199 on the surface of carboxylated cellulose fibers for efficient adsorption of methylene blue
Authors: Liang Zhanpeng , Liang Yuehui , Yu Pengjun , Wang Xin
Published: May 2024

Efficient methylene blue sorbents achieved through simple, rapid, and safe sonication.
Enhancing Li+ recovery in brine mining: integrating next-gen emotional AI and explainable ML to predict adsorption energy in crown ether-based hierarchical nanomaterials
Authors: Abba Sani I. , Usman Jamilu , Abdulazeez Ismail , Yogarathinam Lukka Thuyavan , Usman A. G. , Lawal Dahiru , Salhi Billel , Baig Nadeem , Aljundi Isam H.
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being employed in brine mining to enhance the extraction of lithium, vital for the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries, through improved recovery efficiencies and the reduction of energy consumption.
nach0: multimodal natural and chemical languages foundation model
Authors: Livne Micha , Miftahutdinov Zulfat , Tutubalina Elena , Kuznetsov Maksim , Polykovskiy Daniil , Brundyn Annika , Jhunjhunwala Aastha , Costa Anthony , Aliper Alex , Aspuru-Guzik Alán , Zhavoronkov Alex
Published: May 2024

nach0 is a novel multi-domain and multi-task language model pre-trained on unlabeled text from scientific literature, patents, and molecule strings to incorporate a range of chemical and linguistic knowledge.
Electrochemical immunomagnetic assay for interleukin-6 detection in human plasma
Authors: Buckey Grace , Owens Olivia E. , Richards Hannah A. , Cliffel David E.
Published: May 2024

An electrochemical immunoassay for interleukin-6 (IL-6) was developed based on IL-6 capture using magnetic beads and electrochemical signal production using horseradish peroxidase/tetramethylbenzidine.
Advances in electrochemical sensors for real-time glucose monitoring
Authors: Harun-Or-Rashid Md. , Aktar Most. Nazmin , Preda Veronica , Nasiri Noushin
Published: May 2024

This manuscript emphasizes advancements in electrochemical sensors for real-time glucose monitoring, showcasing their pivotal role in enhancing personalized healthcare through continuous, reliable measurement of biochemical markers.
Barium-doped iron nanoparticles supported on MgO as an efficient catalyst for ammonia synthesis under mild reaction conditions
Authors: Era Kohei , Sato Katsutoshi , Miyahara Shin-ichiro , Naito Takahiro , De Silva Kanishka , Akrami Saeid , Yamada Hiroshi , Toriyama Takaaki , Tamaoka Takehiro , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Murakami Yasukazu , Inazu Koji , Nagaoka Katsutoshi
Published: May 2024

A Ba-doped Fe/MgO catalyst pre-reduced at 700 °C, much higher than that of conventional Fe catalysts, forms an Fe0-core and BaO-shell structure. This enhances ammonia synthesis activity due to electron donation from BaO to N2via Fe0.
The value of ammonia towards integrated power and heat system decarbonisation
Authors: Bounitsis Georgios L. , Charitopoulos Vassilis M.
Published: May 2024

Accomplishing Net Zero by 2050 warrants deep decarbonisation pathways that incorporate dense energy carriers, like hydrogen or ammonia, which enable inter-seasonal energy storage and can lead to cost-effective CO2 abatement in heat & power sectors.
An injectable hydrogel dressing for controlled release of hydrogen sulfide pleiotropically mediates the wound microenvironment
Authors: Yang Junwei , Dong Xianzhen , Wei Wenying , Liu Kun , Wu Xiaopei , Dai Honglian
Published: May 2024

In this work, a hydrogel dressing for controlled release of hydrogen sulfide is developed for the repair of scalded wounds. It exhibits a responsive release of H2S based on ROS concentration, allowing precise modulation of the wound microenvironment.
Biodegradable MoNx@Mo-foil electrodes for human-friendly supercapacitors
Authors: Ren Hongjia , Zhao Hongru , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Siyal Sajid Hussain , Zhang Xinze , Zhang Xiaofeng , Ahmad Awais , Hussain Iftikhar , Habila Mohamed A. , Han Weihua
Published: May 2024

With the advancement in the field of biomedical research, there is a growing demand for biodegradable electronic devices.
Construction of Z-scheme heterojunction between Zn-doped UiO-66-NH2 and CeO2 towards highly selective photoreduction of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Liu Hongyang , Xie Yating , Li Yulong , Zhou Yonghua
Published: May 2024

Constructing mixed-metal nodes and Z-scheme heterojunction in UiO-66-NH2 for efficient and selective photoreduction of CO2 to CH4.
Computational study based prediction of new photocatalysts for water splitting by systematic manipulation of MXene surfaces
Authors: Shaw Swati , Ghosh Subhradip
Published: May 2024

Photocatalytic water splitting reactions (HER and OER) on the asymmetric surfaces of Janus MXenes with the help of intrinsic electric field (Ei).
High-performance ladder-type conjugated polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites blended with elastomers for stretchable thermoelectric thin films
Authors: Zheng Qing-Bao , Tseng Chi-Chun , Lin Meng-Hao , Lin Jhih-Min , Tung Shih-Huang , Cheng Yen-Ju , Liu Cheng-Liang
Published: May 2024

The novelty of this study lies in the fabrication of a high-performance polymer/CNT nanocomposite film capable of withstanding a 50% strain after blending with elastomers while simultaneously exhibiting commendable thermoelectric performance.
Electroleaching and electrodeposition of silver in ethaline 1 : 2 and propeline 1 : 3: transport properties and electrode phenomena
Authors: Bertoloni Calogera , Legeai Sophie , Michel Stéphanie , Meux Eric , Lapicque François
Published: May 2024

We consider the potentiality of propeline, a DES with a lower toxic nature than ethaline, for the electrometallurgy of silver.
Counseling Protocol for a Transitional Intervention for Debilitating Hyperacusis
Authors: Cherri Dana , Formby Craig , Secor Carrie A. , Eddins David A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

This clinical focus article describes a structured counseling protocol for use with protected sound management and therapeutic sound in a transitional intervention for debilitating hyperacusis. The counseling protocol and its associated visual aids are crafted as a teaching tool to educate affected individuals about hyperacusis and encourage their acceptance of a transitional intervention.

Description of Counseling Components:

The counseling protocol includes five components. First, the patient's audiometric results are reviewed with the patient, and the transitional intervention is introduced. An overview of peripheral auditory structures and central neural pathways and the concept of central gain are covered in the second and third components. Maladaptive hyper-gain processes within the auditory neural pathways, which underlie the hyperacusis condition, and associated connections with nonauditory processes responsible for negative reactions to hyperacusis are covered in the fourth component. Detrimental effects from misused hearing protection devices (HPDs) and the necessity to wean the patient from overuse of HPDs are also discussed. In the fifth component, the importance of therapeutic sound is introduced as a tool to downregulate hyper-gain activity within the auditory pathways; its implementation in uncontrolled and controlled sound environments is described. It is explained that, over the course of the transitional intervention, recalibration of the hyper-gain processes will be ongoing, leading to restoration of normal homeostasis within the auditory pathways. In turn, associated activation of reactive nonauditory processes, which contribute to hyperacusis-related distress, will be reduced or eliminated. As recalibration progresses, there will be less need for protected sound management and sound therapy. Sound tolerance will improve, hyperacusis will subside, and daily activities in typical healthy sound environments will again become routine.

Results and Conclusion:

The combination of counseling with protected sound management and therapeutic sound is highlighted in companion reports, including a summary of the outcomes of a successful trial of the transitional intervention.
Device and Fitting Protocol for a Transitional Intervention for Debilitating Hyperacusis
Authors: Eddins David A. , Armstrong Steve , Juneau Roger , Hutchison Peter , Cherri Dana , Secor Carrie A. , Formby Craig
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

This report describes a hearing device and corresponding fitting protocol designed for use in a transitional intervention for debilitating loudness-based hyperacusis.

Method:

The intervention goal is to transition patients with hyperacusis from their typical counterproductive sound avoidance behaviors (i.e., sound attenuation and limited exposure to healthy low-level sounds) into beneficial sound therapy treatment that can expand their dynamic range to the point where they can tolerate everyday sounds and experience an improved quality of life. This requires a combination of counseling and sound therapy, the latter of which is provided via the hearing device technology, signal processing, and precision fitting approach described in this report. The device combines a miniature behind-the-ear sound processor and a custom earpiece designed to maximize the attenuation of external sounds. Output-limiting loudness suppression is used to restrict exposure to offending high-level sounds while unity gain amplification maximizes exposure to healthy and tolerable lower level sounds. The fitting process includes measurement of the real-ear unaided response, the real-ear measurement (REM) system noise floor, the real-ear occluded response, real-ear insertion gain, and the output limit. With these measurements, the device can achieve the prescribed unity gain needed to provide transparent access to comfortable sound levels. It also supports individualized configuration of the therapeutic noise from an on-board sound generator and adaptive output limiting based on treatment-induced increases in dynamic range.

Results and Conclusion:

The utility of this device and fitting protocol, in combination with structured counseling, is highlighted in the outcomes of a successful 6-month trial of the transitional intervention described in a companion report in this issue.
Learning to Implement Dialogic Reading Through Video-Based Online Training: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Fleury Veronica P. , Dennis Lindsay , Williams Alice N.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Dialogic reading (DR) is an evidence-based method for reading with young children that is associated with improvements in children's oral language skills. There is, however, a lack of consensus on (a) how to train educators to deliver the intervention and (b) methods for assessing implementation fidelity. We designed this study to provide preliminary data about the viability of online video modules as an initial training option within a future tiered training model.

Method:

We employed a within-subject repeated-measures group design to evaluate educators' (
N
= 20) implementation of DR after viewing training videos. Educators filmed themselves reading three storybooks with a child “as they would typically” to establish pretest reading behaviors. After being given access to a series of DR training videos, the educators recorded themselves reading three storybooks with the child using DR strategies as a posttest measure.

Results:

Educators improved their use of individual strategies included in the DR instructional sequence at posttest; however, most participants did not consistently follow the entire instructional sequence as designed. Only one educator delivered the complete DR instructional sequence in > 80% of opportunities at posttest.

Conclusion:

Modifications to video training modules and additional coaching support may be warranted for many educators to achieve the level of implementation fidelity needed to improve the child's oral language skills from the intervention.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25749387