bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan— Amelia to Zora: Twenty-Six Women Who Changed the World
Authors: Lin Lin
Published: February 2022

This lesson plan uses Amelia to Zora as an anchor book for an extended unit to discuss women’s contributions to the modern world. The lesson plan provides an annotated bibliography of biographies about the women profiles in the book as well as women selected by the instructor and students. The lesson plan is recommended for use in grades 5 and above and emphasizes social interaction among students in the whole process.
Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan: A Strong Right Arm: The Story of Mamie “Peanut” Johnson
Authors: Staubs Melinda Odom
Published: February 2022

This lesson uses, A Strong Right Arm, a book about Mamie Johnson and her experiences as an African-American girl who played baseball in the days when the major leagues were segregated. This book is an historical account told firsthand by Mamie Johnson to the author. This lesson can be used with upper elementary students to examine conflicting interests and to explore the ways human beings view themselves in and over time.
Fact or Fiction: Is Social Studies “History” in North Carolina’s Elementary Schools?
Authors: Heafner Tina L. , Good Amy J. , O’Connor Katherine A. , Passe Jeff , Rock Tracy , Byrd Sandra P. , Oldendorf Sandra B. , Groce Eric
Published: February 2022

Elementary students in North Carolina are not required to take social studies standardized tests. As a result, assumptions about social studies instruction have emerged. The assumptions represent perceptions or misperceptions about whether the subject is being taught, whether it is valued, and whether there are pressures to ignore social studies to focus on tested subjects. Data from a multi-university, longitudinal study examining the state of social studies in elementary grades are highlighted. Selected findings from the statewide research provide a framework for considering the assumptions. Recommendations suggest a team approach to advocating for the social studies.
Questions of Disbelief: Can We Transform the Situation? Or Is Rome Burning?
Authors: Christensen Lois McFadyen
Published: February 2022

Out of diminishing democratic ideals upon which this country was founded due to the blurring of the governmental branches by the current administration, one of the most worrisome is the piece of NCLB (2001) that has decreased the teaching of social studies in the early childhood/elementary curriculum. It appears there is a plan for failure for marginalized children that might open the doors to privatize public education. The planned deficit of social studies knowledge to problem solve and to think critically is not equal, nor just. To have a socially just tomorrow, social studies matters for our social studies students today.
Transformative Multiculturalism and the Supervision of Social Studies Student Teachers: A Critical Look at One University Supervisor’s Approach
Authors: Hartwick James M. M. , Johnson Edric C.
Published: February 2022

This collaborative study, conducted by two social studies teacher educators, examines how one university supervisor translates his theoretical commitment to transformative multiculturalism into his practice with student teachers. The value of this study is that it (1) illustrates the subtle nuances and applications of the transformative multicultural approach to social studies; (2) provides concrete examples of how a university supervisor, cooperating teacher, or mentor can coach a novice teacher to incorporate dimensions of transformative multiculturalism into his or her practice; and (3) explores some potential barriers to implementing a transformative multicultural perspective with pre-service and novice teachers through an honest reflection of where the university supervisor has fallen short of his professed commitment to transformative multiculturalism.
Did the Bombs Just Fall from the Sky? Examining Agency in a Text Set of World War II Children’s Literature
Authors: Damico James S. , Baildon Mark , Lowenstein Karen L.
Published: February 2022

This article examines the ways in which the authors of a text set of children’s literature constructed the United States government’s decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. Analysis of this text set reveals the ways agency is mostly absent, displaced, or obscured through the grammatical devices of nominalization and passivization. Nominalization refers to an author’s use of verbs as nouns, and passivization refers to an author’s use of passive verbs without the presence of agents. To support teachers and students toward investigations of how authors use nominalization and passivization to construct historical events in different ways, five guiding questions about agency are presented. Grappling with these kinds of questions can engender critical reading practices of which readers can more actively enact their own agency as readers of history and as citizens in a democracy.
“Zoom, Pan, and Think”: The Interactivity of Digital Maps
Authors: Hofer Mark , Swan Kathy
Published: February 2022

With the proliferation of digital maps, teachers and students have an array of new tools for developing civic and global perspectives in the social studies classroom. This article builds the case for the importance of geographic reasoning in civic and global education, explores the interactivity of digital maps, and provides an annotated bibliography of select maps. The article concludes with a promising outlook for the future of digital maps in social studies.
Understanding Core Democratic Values and Citizenship in the Fifth Grade
Authors: O’Mahony Carolyn
Published: February 2022

In Michigan’s state-wide social studies test, eleven-year-old students have been expected to defend or challenge a piece of public policy, citing a core democratic value in their written argument. In this study thirty-six fifth graders across three schools were asked to define a number of these values and to talk about them. Few students made explicit connections between these values and civic life. Many students spoke to the role of the physical classroom environment in reinforcing the rote learning of definitions. Boys and girls cited different sources for their knowledge. Differences in the quality of responses across schools illustrate how students’ understandings of citizenship were shaped by teachers’ practices and individuals’ experiences in their communities.
Multiple Texts, Teacher Craft Knowledge, and Principled Practices in High School Economics A Case Study of Kenneth
Authors: Walker Nancy T. , Wimmer Jennifer , Bean Thomas
Published: February 2022

This article considers the current state of teacher discourse and reflection, situated in daily practice, craft knowledge, multiliteracies and new literacies. Based on studies of content area teachers' use of multiple texts in social studies fields like economics, the authors profile Kenneth, an experienced teacher whose practice is grounded in craft knowledge and ideas about principled practices. In addition, Kenneth is an active proponent of new and digital literacy practices in his classroom simulations. The case example of Kenneth is then used to suggest how the process of practical argument might offer other content area teachers a useful framework for teacher reflection based on teachers’ craft knowledge and principled practices.
Teaching Historical and Current Events from Multiple Perspectives The Korean War and Six-Party Talks
Authors: Lin Lin , Zhao Yali , Ogawa Masato , Hoge John D.
Published: February 2022

Comparing international history textbooks creates a perfect opportunity for students to see the complexity and controversy of history interpretation of certain events. Such a critical comparative approach helps students understand how people in different countries perceive and interpret the Korean War, its aftermath, and its effects on current international relation-ships. In this article, we suggest that teachers approach the Korean War and the Six-Party Talks in two ways: Six-Party Discussion Table motivation activities and analysis of middle school history textbook excerpts about the Korean War in the six countries. Detailed lesson plans and handouts are provided for teachers to facilitate these discussions. These include the directions and procedures for the activities, teachers' guide, suggested answers, textbook excerpts from the United States, and textbook excerpts translated into English China, Japan, Russia, North Korea, and South Korea.
Who is Teaching Social Studies? Pre-Service Teachers’ Reaction
Authors: Mathis Paula B. , Boyd Nichelle C.
Published: February 2022

In this article, the authors report the results of their pre-service teachers’ reflections with regards to observed social studies instruction in kindergarten through sixth grade. Fifty-seven elementary education majors were in enrolled in a social studies methods course at a university located in the South. Pre-service teachers share the type of instruction observed, comments stated by their classroom teacher about social studies as well as their overall perceptions. Reflections indicate social studies is taught inconsistently across grades levels, best practices were not used for instruction, and a trend in decreased social studies instruction. Thus, classroom teachers exhibited frustration because of these issues.
Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan Good Masters! Sweet Ladies! Voices from a Medieval Village Written by Amy Schlitz & Illustrated by Robert Byrd
Authors: Lucas Ashley G.
Published: February 2022

Amy Schlitz’s book Good Masters! Sweet Ladies! set in 1255 England is an extraordinary children’s book that explores life in a medieval village. This is not your typical storybook and is not to be read in the typical fashion. As we learn from the forward, the author—a school librarian—wrote it with the intention that a group of students studying medieval history would put on a dramatization of the book. Because she did not want a couple of students to have the lead roles and the rest to have minor ones, she wrote it as a series of 23 monologues that intertwine. This lesson plan provides background information on the book and suggestions on how to use it.
Four Women of Chicago Mothers of Progressive Education and Developers of John Dewey’s Idea
Authors: Christensen Lois McFadyen
Published: February 2022

John Dewey is well known for his progressive ideas and was credited by many historians as the father of progressive education, but where are the mothers? Dewey did not develop his ideas in isolation. Four women from Chicago were highly influential in assisting John in initiating and refining his theories. Ella Flagg Young, Jane Addams, Alice Chipman Dewey, and Anna Bryan deserve to be recognized for their contributions as “mothers” of the progressive movement and for their championing social justice issues during the late 19th and early part of the 20th centuries.
Communicating responsible management and the role of blockchain technology: social media analytics for the luxury fashion supply chain
Authors: Oguntegbe Kunle Francis , Di Paola Nadia , Vona Roberto
Published: February 2022

Purpose

To communicate their sustainability and responsible management practices to the public, firms can leverage digital technologies both at the organisational and managerial levels. This study explores how firms' communications of responsible management contribute to sustainability in supply chains, as well as the role of blockchain in promoting responsible management.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a qualitative methodology, the authors perform social media analytics (content analysis and sentiment analysis) on a dataset obtained from the social media posts of managers.

Findings

The study identifies eight key responsible management practices and shed new light on the role of blockchain in responsible management. The study results contribute to theory by linking responsible management practices with existing sustainability practices in the supply chain. The authors also demonstrate that blockchain enhances responsible management.

Research limitations/implications

Reliance on publicly available data from social media, comprising corporate statements emanating from managers is a major limitation in this study.

Practical implications

The eight responsible management practices identified in this study are recommended for managers of different supply chain echelons to promote sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). The study findings also offer new rationale for blockchain adoption in supply chains.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to link the concepts of responsible management and SSCM. Moreover, the authors obtain empirical evidence from managers in the luxury fashion supply chain.
Training and re-certification of crew for the “new normal” in the cruise tourism industry: a Caribbean regional perspective
Authors: Faremi Yinusa Akintoye , Cunningham Heirs Simone Britanna
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the need for training and re-certification of crew for the pandemic-related new normal and for a more sustainable cruise tourism industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative method was adopted for this study using a case study research design. The target group was technical and hospitality workers. The semi-structured interview guide was administered through Google Forms, and eight respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique.

Findings

The study revealed that job losses have occurred among Caribbean nationals, and this is influencing lifestyle practices and family spending power. Further, many workers experienced confinement onboard because of the pandemic, which gave rise to mental health issues. Given this, re-certification and training of technical and hospitality staff in mental wellness is viewed as important in the context of the pandemic-related new normal.

Practical implications

This study points to relevant training to deal with the pandemic now and in the future. The article has some implications for maritime training institutions that may need to reassess their curriculum to meet future challenges.

Social implications

Stakeholders of crew shipping companies, agencies and businesses can gain a greater appreciation of the safety measures needed to protect passengers as well as crew.

Originality/value

The study provides a review of the experiences of cruise tourism staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Climate and crown damage drive tree mortality in southern Amazonian edge forests
Authors: Reis Simone M. , Marimon Beatriz S. , Esquivel‐Muelbert Adriane , Marimon Ben Hur , Morandi Paulo S. , Elias Fernando , de Oliveira Edmar A. , Galbraith David , Feldpausch Ted R. , Menor Imma O. , Malhi Yadvinder , Phillips Oliver L.
Published: February 2022

Tree death is a key process for our understanding of how forests are and will respond to global change. The extensive forests across the southern Amazonia edge—the driest, warmest and most fragmented of the Amazon regions—provide a window onto what the future of large parts of Amazonia may look like. Understanding tree mortality and its drivers here is essential to anticipate the process across other parts of the basin.

Using 10 years of data from a widespread network of long‐term forest plots, we assessed how trees die (standing, broken or uprooted) and used generalised mixed‐effect models to explore the contribution of plot‐, species‐ and tree‐level factors to the likelihood of tree death.

Most trees died from stem breakage (54%); a smaller proportion died standing (41%), while very few were uprooted (5%). The mortality rate for standing dead trees was greatest in forests subject to the most intense dry seasons.

While trees with the crown more exposed to light were more prone to death from mechanical damage, trees less exposed were more susceptible to death from drought.

At the species level, mortality rates were lowest for those species with the greatest wood density. At the individual tree level, physical damage to the crown via branch breakage was the strongest predictor of tree death.

Synthesis. Wind‐ and water deficit‐driven disturbances are the main causes of tree death in southern Amazonia edge which is concerning considering the predicted increase in seasonality for Amazonia, especially at the edge. Tree mortality here is greater than any in other Amazonian region, thus any increase in mortality here may represent a tipping point for these forests.
Bacillus symbiont drives alterations in intestinal microbiota and circulating metabolites of lepidopteran host
Authors: Li Guannan , Zheng Xi , Zhu Yong , Long Yaohang , Xia Xuejuan
Published: February 2022

The symbiotic association between bacterial symbionts and insect hosts is a complicated process that is not completely understood. Herein, we used a silkworm model to study the association between symbiotic Bacillus and lepidopteran insect by investigating the changes in intestinal microbiota and hemolymph circulating metabolites of silkworm after symbiotic Bacillus subtilis treatment. Results showed that B. subtilis can generate a variety of primary and secondary metabolites, such as B vitamins and antimicrobial compounds, to provide micronutrients and enhance the pathogen resistance of their insect host. Shifts in the relative abundance of Enterococcus, Brevibacterium, Buttiauxella, Pseudomonas, Brevundimonas and Limnobacter had significant correlations with the concentrations of differential metabolites (e.g. phospholipids and certain amino acids) in insect hemolymph. The antimicrobial compounds secreted by B. subtilis were the primary driving force for the reconstruction of intestinal microbiota. Meanwhile, the altered levels of circulating metabolites in multiple metabolic pathways were potential adaptive mechanism of insect hosts in response to the shifts of intestinal microbiota. Our findings provided concrete evidence that bacterial intestinal symbiont can alter the physiological state of insects and highlighted the importance of the compositional alterations of intestinal microbiota as a source of variation in circulating metabolites of insect hosts.
Predicting word and pseudoword reading in Arabic‐speaking children: the independent contributions of phonological and morphological awareness and visual attention
Authors: Layes Smail , Bouakkaz Torkia
Published: February 2022

The present study explored whether phonological awareness (PA), morphological awareness (MA) and visual attention (VA) independently predict word and pseudoword reading accuracy in native Arabic‐speaking children from grades 4 and 5. A total of 141 participants took part in the study, and were divided into two groups of readers with (n = 30) and without (n = 111) dyslexia. PA was measured with orally administered syllable manipulation and deletion tasks. The MA task targeted the dismantling of composite Arabic words into meaningful parts in oral modality. VA was assessed by objects and letters cancellation tasks. The results showed that the two groups differed significantly in all of the measures. The regression analysis output showed that VA emerged as a significant predictor of word and pseudoword reading beyond the predictive role of PA and MA. These results have implications for the understanding of the underlying factors of word and pseudoword reading development in Arabic.
Identifying Value‐Added Population Health Capabilities to Strengthen Public Health Infrastructure
Authors: HOGG‐GRAHAM RACHEL , GRAVES ELIZABETH , MAYS GLEN P.
Published: February 2022

Policy Points

While the coronavirus pandemic has underscored the important role of public health systems in protecting community health, it has also exposed weaknesses in the public health infrastructure that stem from chronic underfunding and fragmentation in delivery systems.

The results of our study suggest that the public health system structure can be strengthened through the targeted implementation of high‐value population health capabilities.

Prioritizing the delivery of value‐added population health capabilities can help communities efficiently use limited time and resources and identify the most effective pathways for building a stronger public health system and improving health outcomes over time.

Context

While the novel coronavirus pandemic has underscored the important role of public health systems in protecting community health, it has also exposed weaknesses in the public health infrastructure that stem from chronic underfunding and fragmentation in public health delivery systems. Information about the relative value in the implementation of recommended population health capabilities can help communities prioritize their use of limited time and resources and identify the most effective pathways for building a stronger public health system.

Methods

We used a longitudinal cohort design with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems to examine longitudinal and geographic trends in the delivery of population health capabilities and their impact on system strength across communities in the United States. We used linear probability models to ascertain whether the delivery of certain capabilities added value to public health system strength.

Findings

Those communities with the strongest classification of public health system structure in both urban and rural areas implemented the largest set of population health capabilities. Results from the linear probability model indicate that a set of population health capabilities are associated with increased public health system strength. Key activities include allocating resources based on a community health plan, surveying the community for behavioral risk factors, analyzing the data on preventive services use, and engaging community stakeholders in health improvement planning (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that public health systems can be strengthened through the targeted implementation of high‐value population health capabilities. Prioritizing the delivery of value‐added population health capabilities may help communities increase their public health system's capacity and improve health outcomes.
Reassessing the relationship between homophobia and political participation
Authors: PAGE DOUGLAS , AYOUB PHILLIP , ARRANZ CATHARINE , MONTES MATTHEW , PAULIN TAYLOR
Published: February 2022

Governments around the world vary in their policies affecting lesbian and gay communities. While some states enshrine the rights of their minority citizens, others drum up and enforce oppressive policies toward these groups, termed political homophobia. We are interested in the role such policies play in shaping electoral and non‐electoral political participation. Existing research on this question is often optimistic that proponents of gay rights will steadily out‐participate their opposition, but anti‐gay mobilization remains ubiquitous in many states. Under what conditions might intolerant citizens out‐participate more socially progressive citizens? And how do state policies influence this participation? By engaging literature on sexual citizenship and political efficacy, we argue that a state's policy choices send important signals to citizens that influence their participation. Citizens who are intolerant of homosexuality may be more participatory in states that espouse political homophobia. This study conducts the first worldwide examination of tolerant and intolerant participation with data from the World Values Survey (2010–2020) and a novel application of gay rights measures. We find that outside of gay rights‐respecting states, intolerant individuals are more likely to vote than tolerant individuals. While tolerant individuals generally tend to engage more in non‐electoral participation across states, they nonetheless turn out to the ballot box less in states that are not respecting of gay rights.
Characteristics of the multiple replicon plasmid IncX1‐X1 in multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coli from Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica)
Authors: JI Fang , LIU Shelan , WANG Xue , ZHAO Jianan , ZHU Jiayue , YANG Jianchun , ZHANG Chenglin , JIA Zhongxin , ZHAO Ruili , HU Guocheng , WANG Jing , QIN Jianhua , LI Gang , WU Bin , WANG Chengmin
Published: February 2022

Potential zoonotic pathogens may be transmitted from wildlife to humans through the illegal wild meat trade, which has become a pressing issue. However, research on the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) intestinal bacteria is limited. Here, multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coli M172‐1 (ST354) isolated from Malayan pangolin feces in 2019 was found to be resistant to 13 antibiotics. BGWAS analysis revealed 4 plasmids, namely, pM172‐1.1, pM172‐1.2, pM172‐1.3, and pM172‐1.4, in the isolate. The pM172‐1.2, pM172‐1.3, and pM172‐1.4 plasmids carried ARGs, namely, IncHI2‐HI2A, IncX1‐X1, and IncX1, respectively. pM172‐1.3 and pM172‐1.4 contained intact IntI1 integrons (Is26/IntI1/arr2/cmlA5/blaOXA‐10/ant(3″)‐IIA/dfrA14/Is26). Notably, pM172‐1.3 resulted from the fusion of 2 pM172‐1.4 copies and carried many more ARGs. In addition to pM172‐1.3 from the same host, other drug‐resistant bacteria (E. coli M159‐1 (ST48), E. coli S171‐1 (ST206), and Klebsiella pneumoniae S174‐1 (ST2354)) in the same Malayan pangolin fecal samples also carried 3 plasmids with 100% gene coverage of pM172‐1.4 and 99.98% identity. Therefore, ARGs in IncX1 might spread in the intestinal flora of Malayan pangolin and between species via the illegal food chain, posing a potential threat to public health and safety.
Economic Impact of Climate Change on the Implementation of Best Management Practices in the Fort Cobb Watershed
Authors: Hounnou Leon
Published: February 2022

This study determines the most cost‐effective selection and location of Best Management Practice (BMP) scenarios for farmlands to reduce soil erosion and the delivery of sediment and phosphorus to the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed under current and future climate scenarios. Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, detailed conservation practices (conservation tillage, contour farming, no‐tillage, and terracing) are simulated to determine crop yields, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus loss of three crops (winter wheat, irrigated cotton, and pasture) by each land use unit (hydrologic response units) and location in the watershed. An economic model is used to determine the cost‐minimizing choice of BMP scenarios for each land‐use unit that meets 50%, 75%, and 90% reduction of sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus loads and the impact of climate change on the net return to farmers. Results indicate that the effective spatial placement of BMP scenarios is not the same under different climatic conditions. The average optimal net return to farmers ranges from 170.39 to 316.32 $/acre for all the scenarios. The shadow prices vary from 2.36 to 17.78 $/ton/acre of sediment abated. Although individual BMP scenario is effective in reducing sediment loads, combined BMP scenarios achieve higher performance. This work will help guide policymakers and farmers in decision‐making for the future regarding water quantity used and water quality downstream in the recreation area of the Fort Cobb Reservoir.
18F‐FDG PET/CT features of immune‐related adverse events and pitfalls following immunotherapy
Authors: Cherk Martin H , Nadebaum David P , Barber Thomas W , Beech Paul , Haydon Andrew , Yap Kenneth S
Published: February 2022

18F‐FDG PET/CT scanning is routinely performed to stage and evaluate the treatment response in many malignancies. Immunotherapy is a rapidly growing treatment option for many cancers, and both clinicians and imaging specialists need to be familiar with 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging characteristics unique to patients on this type of treatment. In particular, many immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) can be detected on 18F‐FDG PET/CT and early accurate identification is critical to reduce treatment related morbidity and incorrect interpretation of malignant disease status. This pictorial essay reviews frequently encountered irAEs in clinical practice and their appearances on 18F‐FDG PET/CT along with a brief discussion on pseudoprogression and hyperprogression.
Extensional Setting of Hainan Island in Mesoproterozoic: Evidence from Granitic Intrusions in the Baoban Group
Authors: LIU Yuheng , MAO Jingwen , QIU Kunfeng , HU Jun , WANG Lei , XU Deming
Published: February 2022

The Mesoproterozoic Baoban Group is the oldest basement in Hainan Island and has played an important role in Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent reconstructions. The Mesoproterozoic granitic intrusions in the Baoban Group are the most widely‐exposed Precambrian magmatic rocks and are the key to understanding the tectonic settings of Hainan Island and its relationship with the South China Block and the Columbia supercontinent. New LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dating on three mylonitic granite samples from the Tuwaishan and Baoban areas yield ages ranging from 1447 Ma to 1437 Ma, representing the absolute timing of the emplacement of the granitic intrusions. Combined with previously published geochronological data for rocks from the Baoban Group and regional mafic intrusions, it is concluded that the Baoban Group formed at 1460–1430 Ma, coeval with the emplacement of the granitic and mafic intrusions. New in‐situ zircon Lu‐Hf isotope analyses for the three mylonitic granite samples yielded positive ∊Hf(t) values, ranging from +0.49 to +8.27, with model ages () ranging from 2181 Ma to 1687 Ma, suggesting that the granitic intrusions originated from a mixed source of Paleoproterozoic crust with juvenile crust. New zircon trace element data show characteristics of high Th/U values of 0.24–1.50, steep slopes from LREE to HREE and negative Pr, Eu anomalies with positive Ce, Sm anomalies, representing typical magmatic zircons formed in continental crust. Compared with available magmatic and detrital zircon ages from Precambrian rocks in the Cathaysia Block, Yangtze Block and western Laurentia, it is inferred that Hainan Island was separated from both the Cathaysia Block and the Yangtze Block, instead being connected with western Laurentia in the Columbia supercontinent. Considering the decreasing tendency of basin deposition time along the western margin of Laurentia, it is proposed that Hainan Island was located to the north or northwest of the Belt‐Purcell Supergroup, along the western margin of Laurentia, during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent.
A New Family of Galeaspids (Jawless Stem‐Gnathostomata) from the Early Silurian of Chongqing, Southwestern China
Authors: CHEN Yang , GAI Zhikun , LI Qiang , WANG Jianhua , PENG Lijian , WEI Guangbiao , ZHU Min
Published: February 2022

A new genus and species of agnathan Eugaleaspidiformes (Galeaspida), Yongdongaspis littoralis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Llandovery (lower Silurian) Huixingshao Formation at Yongdong Town, Xiushan County, Chongqing, southwestern China. This new Telychian taxon morphologically exhibits some transitional states between Sinogaleaspidae and a cluster of higher eugaleaspidiforms containing Tridensaspidae, Eugaleaspidae, Yunnanogaleaspis, and Nochelaspis, which we term here as the ‘eugaleaspid cluster'. Phylogenetic analysis of an extended character matrix of Galeaspida reveals Yongdongaspis, on which Yongdongaspidae fam. nov. is erected, as the sister taxon of this ‘eugaleaspid cluster', supported by two synapomorphies, the presence of one median transverse canal, and two lateral transverse canals leaving from the infraorbital canal. As the first fish described from the Llandovery Huixingshao Formation in Chongqing, Yongdongaspis provides new fossil evidence for the subdivision and correlation of the Upper Red Beds in South China.
Pharmacokinetics of alectinib and its metabolite M4 in a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma undergoing hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Park Ji Eun , Yoon Young‐Ran , Kim Chang Ho , Lee Jaehee
Published: February 2022

This study presents the first detailed pharmacokinetic data of alectinib and its metabolite M4 in a patient with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma undergoing hemodialysis. When the patient was administered a daily 300 mg bid dose of alectinib, the maximal observed plasma concentration (Cmax) of alectinib and M4 were 638 and 82 ng/ml, respectively, at steady‐state (day 9). These pharmacokinetic data were similar to those previously reported in patients with normal organ function. The trough plasma concentration (Ctrough) of alectinib and M4 on the hemodialysis day were 562 and 66 ng/ml, respectively, identical to those on post‐hemodialysis day. He remains well and in partial remission 12 months after his diagnosis. We believe that alectinib is feasible and effective for patients with ALK‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer undergoing hemodialysis.
Coagulation abnormalities in patients with COVID‐19 on venovenous ECLS increased risk for technical complications and support times but had no impact on survival
Authors: Lehle Karla , Philipp Alois , Foltan Maik , Schettler Frank , Ritzka Markus , Müller Thomas , Lubnow Matthias
Published: February 2022

Background

Patients with severe coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19)‐associated acute respiratory distress on venovenous extracorporeal lung support (V‐V ECLS) showed a high incidence of vascular as well as ECLS‐related thrombotic complications. The latter may influence the outcome of the patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective monocentric study on prospectively collected data of technical complications including 69 adult COVID‐19 patients on V‐V ECLS (ECLS Registry, March 2020 until April 2021) without and with system exchanges. Alterations in ECLS‐specific data, hemolysis, coagulation, and hemostasis parameters were analyzed.

Results

Every second COVID‐19 patient on V‐V ECLS developed technical complications. Optimized ECLS management at our ECLS center reduced cases of acute clot formation (pump head thrombosis, acute oxygenator thrombosis) (17%), and allowed early identification of progressive clotting processes (worsened gas transfer, coagulation disorder) (14%, 54%) with a significant overhang of hyperfibrinolysis (37%). Although COVID‐19 disease and technical complications caused the prolonged length of stay at the intensive care unit and ECLS support times, the proportion of successful weaning and survival rates were comparable with patients without system exchange.

Conclusion

The survival of ECLS patients with COVID‐19 was independent of the requirement for system exchange due to technical‐induced coagulation disorders. Close monitoring for circuit clotting is mandatory in COVID‐19 patients and is one prerequisite for successful organ support in these difficult patients.
Does breastfeeding influence sleep? A longitudinal study across the first two postpartum years
Authors: Astbury Laura , Bennett Christie , Pinnington Donna M. , Bei Bei
Published: February 2022

Background

The association between breastfeeding and sleep of the gestational parent is poorly understood. This longitudinal study investigated how breastfeeding is associated with total nighttime sleep duration and sleep efficiency (percentage of total sleep time in bed) in nulliparous participants over the first two postpartum years.

Methods

Nulliparous participants (N = 155, Mage = 33.45, SDage = 3.50) self‐reported patterns of breastfeeding via telephone interviews and sleep via self‐report at 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postpartum. Data were analyzed using mixed‐effects models, with breastfeeding variables as predictors and sleep variables as outcomes, controlling for relevant covariates.

Results

Neither the presence of breastfeeding nor the percentage of human milk in infants' total diets was significantly associated with participants' sleep duration or sleep quality (P‐values > 0.08). This finding held after controlling for the number of nighttime feeds (P‐values > 0.11). However, greater numbers of nighttime feeds, regardless of feeding content, were strongly associated with shorter sleep duration and poor sleep efficiency (P‐values < 0.05). On average, with each additional nighttime feed, nocturnal sleep duration decreased by 6.6‐8.4 minutes, and sleep efficiency decreased by 2.88%‐3.02%.

Conclusions

Data from this study showed that breastfeeding per se was not associated with shorter or poor nocturnal sleep, but the number of nighttime feeds was. Sharing nighttime infant care amongst different carers in the household could help reduce postpartum sleep disturbance and ameliorate its negative impact on wellbeing.
High-dose, high-frequency ustekinumab therapy for patients with severe hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Jiang Simon W. , Kwock Jeffery T. , Liu Beiyu , Petty Amy J. , Zhao Aaron T. , Green Cynthia L. , Jaleel Tarannum
Published: February 2022

In this case series, ustekinumab therapy demonstrated efficacy in some patients with severe hidradenitis suppurativa previously treated with adalimumab and/or infliximab. Larger prospective studies are needed to evaluate ustekinumab as a treatment option for recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa.
Interplay of environmental cues and wood density in the vegetative and reproductive phenology of seasonally dry tropical forest trees
Authors: Luna‐Nieves Adriana L. , González Edgar J. , Cortés‐Flores Jorge , Ibarra‐Manríquez Guillermo , Maldonado‐Romo Axel , Meave Jorge A.
Published: February 2022

The great phenological diversification characteristic of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) suggests that these patterns result from a complex interplay between exogenous (e.g., climatic) and endogenous (e.g., morphological, physiological, anatomical) factors. Based on the well‐established relationships of wood density with water‐storing capacity and cavitation vulnerability in woody plants, we hypothesized differential vegetative and reproductive phenological responses to environmental cues for hardwood and softwood species. To test this hypothesis, we compared phenological patterns of pairs of conspecific populations of 10 species differing in wood density, occurring in two localities with slightly different climatic regimes, and evaluated the influence of three environmental variables (rainfall, photoperiod, and temperature) on them. Our results, based on the assessment of the overlap of the phenological curves of conspecific populations occurring in different sites and on linear modeling, showed different effects of the environmental factors on phenophase attributes, depending on wood density of the study species, thus supporting our hypothesis. Leaf out in softwood species took place in the dry season, they shed the foliage at the first signs of drought, and once leafless, they flowered and fruited shortly after. By contrast, hardwood species bore leaves and flowers in the rainy season, shed their leaves several months after the rain ceased, and produced fruits during the dry season. We conclude that the role of environmental variables in cueing growth and reproduction cycles in SDTF tree species is interrelated with their wood density, a key endogenous factor crucially linked to plant hydraulics in these water‐limited ecosystems.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Clinical outcomes of a cohort of 271 patients with lung metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Maciel Joana , Cavaco Daniela , Silvestre Catarina , Simões Pereira Joana , Vilar Helena , Leite Valeriano
Published: February 2022

Context

Lung is the most common site of distant metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).

Objective

To investigate the outcomes of a cohort of patients with DTC and lung metastases (LM).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of a cohort of 271 patients with LM was performed.

Results

The female‐to‐male ratio was 1:1 and the median follow‐up time was 5.9 (1.1–38.4) years. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the most frequent type (83.4%), mainly the classic variant, followed by follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC, 10.3%) and Hürthle cell carcinoma (HTC, 6.3%). The prevalence of PTC, FTC and HCC was different between the micronodular and macronodular LM groups [87.4%, 6.3% and 6.3% vs. 74.6%, 19.0% and 6.3%, respectively (p = .013)]. Only 5.0% of the patients had LM diagnosed after a period of remission. LM were submitted to radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) in 84.5% (52.8% showed 131iodine avid metastases). Complete remission was only achieved in 12.2%. Micronodular disease and age <55 years at LM diagnosis were associated with a better prognosis (p < .05). We found no difference in survival between patients with LM treated or not with RAIT. However, in patients submitted to RAIT, there was a tendency for longer survival in the group of patients with 131I avid lesions. Conclusion: The classic variant of PTC was the most frequent histology found in LM of DTC. LM are rarely diagnosed in the follow‐up when complete remission is achieved after surgery and 131I. Younger age at LM diagnosis and a micronodular pattern are associated with a better prognosis.
What are predictors of impaired quality of life in patients with hypoparathyroidism?
Authors: Büttner Matthias , Krogh Dieter , Siggelkow Heide , Singer Susanne
Published: February 2022

Context

Hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) is a rare endocrine disorder. Little is known about what factors are associated with potential quality of life (QOL) impairments.

Design

HypoPT patients at a minimum of 6 months' post diagnosis were invited to participate in an online survey through their treating physician or through self‐help organisations

Methods

Impairments of clinical importance in QOL were considered present if the score of the respective functioning scale of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ‐C30 exceeded a pre‐defined threshold. Symptom burden was assessed using the HPQ‐28. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with impairments in QOL.

Results

Data were available for 264 hypoPT patients. Impairments of clinical importance in QOL were reported for 40.4% in role functioning (RF), 40.6% in social functioning (SF), 60.8% in physical functioning (PF), 65.5% in cognitive functioning (CF) and 76.0% in emotional functioning (EF). Higher odds for reporting impaired QOL were seen for higher symptom burden (for almost all domains) and for being unable to work (for PF, RF and SF). Surgery for thyroid cancer being the cause of hypoPT was associated with lower odds in PF for patients and in PF and CF for patients with surgery for other thyroid‐related diseases being the hypoPT cause.

Conclusions

HypoPT needs to be recognised as a disease which might be associated with impaired QOL and affect daily living. Symptom management is crucial for improving QOL in hypoPT patients but socioeconomic factors like work‐ability need to be considered when treating hypoPT patients.
Incidental T1 stage medullary thyroid carcinoma: The effect of tumour diameter on prognosis and therapeutic implications
Authors: Gui Zhiqiang , Wang Zhihong , Xiang Jingzhe , Sun Wei , He Liang , Dong Wenwu , Huang Jiapeng , Zhang Dalin , Lv Chengzhou , Zhang Ting , Shao Liang , Zhang Ping , Zhang Hao
Published: February 2022

Objective

The definition of the tumour diameter of micro‐medullary thyroid carcinoma (micro‐MTC) is insufficient. It is controversial to perform a completion thyroidectomy immediately for incidental T1 stage MTC.

Design

We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry to retrospectively analyze all patients with T1 stage MTC diagnosed between 2004 and 2015. The tumour diameter 1.0 and 0.5 cm were used as the cut‐off points to group and analyze the differences of clinicopathological features. We analyzed the prognosis of patients with less than total thyroidectomy.

Methods

The disease‐specific survival was the main outcome. Survival was estimated with Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios for tumour characteristics.

Results

A total of 908 patients diagnosed with T1 stage MTC in the SEER database were included. Our study found that tumour diameter 1.0 cm is a key point affecting the prognosis of T1 stage MTC patients, although patients with tumour diameter ≤ 0.5 cm had a lower rate of lymph node metastasis and no distant metastasis. Cox proportional hazard multivariate analysis showed that distant metastasis was the only risk factor for survival in patients with T1 stage MTC. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that, regardless of tumour diameter, there was no significant difference between less than total thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy in T1 stage patients.

Conclusions

For incidental MTC with tumour diameter ≤ 1.0 cm and without distant metastasis, if there is no significant increase in serum calcitonin level after surgery and ret proto‐oncogene (RET) gene mutation is negative, it may be not necessary to perform completion thyroidectomy immediately.
Thin‐tipped balloon catheter‐assisted removal of a fractured pancreatic stent placed by an antegrade transgastric approach
Authors: Niiya Fumitaka , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Ishikawa Kazuma
Published: February 2022

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Neural entrainment via perceptual inferences
Authors: Tavano Alessandro , Maess Burkhard , Poeppel David , Schröger Erich
Published: February 2022

Entrainment depends on sequential neural phase reset by regular stimulus onset, a temporal parameter. Entraining to sequences of identical stimuli also entails stimulus feature predictability, but this component is not readily separable from temporal regularity. To test if spectral regularities concur with temporal regularities in determining the strength of auditory entrainment, we devised sound sequences that varied in conditional perceptual inferences based on deviant sound repetition probability: strong inference (100% repetition probability: If a deviant appears, then it will repeat), weak inference (75% repetition probability) and no inference (50%: A deviant may or may not repeat with equal probability). We recorded EEG data from 15 young human participants pre‐attentively listening to the experimental sound sequences delivered either isochronously or anisochronously (±20% jitter), at both delta (1.67 Hz) and theta (6.67 Hz) stimulation rates. Strong perceptual inferences significantly enhanced entrainment at either stimulation rate and determined positive correlations between precision in phase distribution at the onset of deviant trials and entrained power. We conclude that both spectral predictability and temporal regularity govern entrainment via neural phase control.
Cloning and expression analysis of ZjHSP18.9 from Zoysia japonica
Authors: Huang Zhi‐yong , Sun Xin‐bo , Zou Yao
Published: February 2022

The ZjHSP18.9 gene was isolated from Zoysiagrass by homologous cloning based on publicly available transcriptome database. Sequence alignment analysis revealed that ZjHSP18.9 protein contains a classic Hsp23/ACD domain. Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization prediction suggested that ZjHSP18.9 belongs to cytosolic class VI subfamily. The expression profiles of ZjHSP18.9 in leaf and root after abiotic stress or Abscisic Acid (ABA) treatment was investigated using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the expression level of ZjHSP18.9 in leaf was higher than that in root. The expression of ZjHSP18.9 was strongly induced by high temperature in leaf; the ZjHSP18.9 expression level was up‐regulated in both leaf and root by the treatment of low temperature, salt and heavy metal, while down‐regulated under the treatment of drought and ABA. The gene expression profiles indicated that ZjHSP18.9 may play an important role in Zoysiagrass response to environmental stress including extreme temperature, salinity, water deficiency and heavy metal through ABA dependent and/or independent pathway.