bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF NOZZLE TYPE AND SOME LOCALLY USED SURFACTANTS ON THE SPRAY QUALITY
Authors: & et al. Subr
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to compare two spreading agents (Tween 20 (T) and dishwashing detergent (D)) which are commonly used in agricultural researches in Iraq and sometimes are used by the local spray applicators. Moreover, the universalflat fan nozzle (UNI) was compared with the air induction nozzle (AI) concerning the quality of the spray produced. The treatments included three concentrations (1.0%; 0.1% and 0.01% vol /vol %) of each spreading material beside the control treatment (water only). Spray quality was evaluated by using the water sensitive papers (WSP), and DepositScan software was used to analyze the scanned photos of WSP. Theevaluated parameters related to the spray quality included: spray coverage (%); spray density (Deposits/cm²); average droplet diameter (DV.5) and deposition of droplets (µL/cm²). Moreover, the penetration rate was also calculated by comparing the deposition quantity between two levels of WSP on the plant canopy (upper and middle level) while the deposition which reached the ground was considered as losses rate. The results have shown that adding Tween 20 spreading agent to the spray solution has produced more deposits per square centimeter and more penetration rate of spray inside the plants canopy than the detergent and control. Moreover, the UNI type nozzle produced higher coverage percentage and number of deposits per square centimeter than AI nozzle.
MOLECULAR SEQUANCING AND PHYLOGENIC ANALYSIS TO VIRULENCE nmuc-1 GENE IN VISCERAL LARVAE MIGRANCE
Authors: Hade B. F.
Published: June 2020

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxocara canis infected egg. Larval stage of this parasite has ability to migrate through intestinal wall and invade all body organs causing a visceral larvae migrant (VLM) syndrome. Diagnosis of VLM is problematic; there were no accurate laboratory test that reveals the presence of larvae infection in paratenic hosts (human, ruminants or poultry). The eggs were isolated from adult T. canis uteri and cultured in 0.2M H2S04 solution for embryonation, mice were experimentally infected with emberyonated eggs. Many hisopathological changes detected in heart and kidney tissues of infected mice but it could not detected encysted larvae compared with molecular detection which confirmed infection within first three day post infection in tissue with accurate diagnosis for the first time in Iraq depend in detected virulence nmuc-1 gene. Phylogenic tree analyses mounted a low genetic variation (0.2) among Iraqi isolate and all other comparison isolates. In conclusion our result indicated that molecular method could diagnosis T. canis larvae infection in any meat or meat products of local or imported from inside or outside Iraq country and used as an accurate microbiological laboratory test used routinely in government laboratories.
THE BACTERIUM Fusobacterium sp. MAY INTERFERE WITH CONCEPTION
Authors: & Saleh Tawfeq
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to investigate microbiological and molecular markers of periodontal problems and its association with conception in 101 Iraqi women, 50 primary infertile while 27 secondary infertile and 24 pregnant as control group. Major periodontal pathogen in the subgingival plaque and cervical vaginal swab specimens was detected, and molecular marker (16SrRNA) gene used for detection of Fusobacterium in our study. Fusobacterium sp. isolates from oral samples were examined biochemically and confirmed by molecular detection, they were also subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test and were shown to be resistant to β-lactamase family of antibiotics and were mostly resistant to Ciprofloxacin. Four Fusobacterium sp samples were identified in both Oral samples and vaginal-cervical specimens of the same four women from the primary infertile group.   Fusobacterium sp. was significantly (P<0.01) more frequently detected in the Oral samples and vaginal-cervical specimens among primary infertile group (38.7%) than pregnant (9.1%) as so among secondary (30.0%) than pregnant (9.1%). Analysis identified a model of a significant predictive factor of presence of Fusobacterium sp.: primary infertile [Odd ratio (OR) = 6.3 at 95% CI = 1.33-25.1] and secondary infertile OR = 4.2 at 95% CI = 1.84-12.22. this can show that infertalty state can be more risked than pregnant women to have the Fusobacterium sp and be effected by it.
ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AGAINST CHROMOSOME DAMAGE INDUCED BY 7,12- DYMETHYLBENZ(a)ANTHRACENE
Authors: & Mohammed Omar
Published: June 2020

The carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is a model of Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which is metabolized to DMBA-trans-3,4-diol, an intermediate inductive of DNA mutations through alteration of DNA base pairs, initiation of chronic inflammation and excessive production of Reactive Oxygen Species which is very toxic substances in tissue. This study was aimed to investigate the preventive effects of Melatonin. DNA damage was induced by topical treatment of DMBA to the shaven part of mice skin. Animals injected with melatonin (10 mg/kg ) intraperitoneally. mice bone marrow cells were used for the determination of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and the percentage of mitotic index. DMBA induced significant elevations in structural chromosome abnormalities, micronuclei, and caused a significant decreases in the mitotic index. The  pre-treatment group (Me + DMBA)  greatly reduced the number of CA and enhanced MI frequency compared to DMBA treated animals. statistical analysis showed that  the number of induced Di-MN and Tri –MN  in pre and post treatment groups were  decreased significantly compared with the positive control.
INDUCING SOME SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM CALLUS CULTURES DERIVED FROM Plantago psyllium AND Plantago major EXPOSED TO COBALT STRESS
Authors: Neamah S. I.
Published: June 2020

This experiment was conducted to study the influence of cobalt concentrations on the production of seven flavonoid compounds in callus derived from Plantago psyllium L. and Plantago major L. Results showed that the best combination of 2,4-D and  kinetin concentrations add to Muroshige and Skoog medium to obtain the highest fresh weight of 541.0 mg was 3.0 and 1.0 mg.L-1 respectively. psyllium stimulated callus produced the highest fresh weight of 365.7 mg. The addition of 75 ppm of cobalt resulted in a significantly lower fresh weight of P. psyllium callus (139.8 mg). The interaction between Plantago species and cobalt concentrations was significant. The callus inducted from P. major had significant increases of the scutallarein, apigenin, nepetin and luteolin compounds with 26.40, 22.64, 14.93 and 26.20 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. The production of the hispidulin compound was increased in P. psyllium at 29.40 µg.100mg-1 dry weight. Also, the addition of cobalt metal stimulated the production of flavonoids at 50 ppm cobalt producing the highest amounts of hispidulin and luteolin at 40.30 and 41.60 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. Meanwhile, 75 ppm cobalt treatment produced the highest amount of scutallarein, apigenin, nepetin and aucubin at 25.61, 23.25, 15.90 and 13.70 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. The callus inducted from P. major treated with 50 ppm of cobalt showed the highest production of scutallarein, apigenin and luteolin at 30.33, 32.26 and 51.90 µg.100mg-1 dry weight respectively. Baicalein reached 16.46 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, at 75 ppm of cobalt metal treatment in callus inducted from P. psyllium.
CELLULOSE ACETATE PRODUCTION BY ACETYLATION OF CELLULOSE DERIVED FROM DATE PALM FRONDS
Authors: & et al. Jassem
Published: June 2020

Cellulose acetate (CA) is a biopolymer produced from fronds of date palm (type teperzal) which were taken from the Iraqi groves. The steps used to produce (CA); pretreatment, bleaching, acetylation and hydrolysis. Organosolv pretreatment method was used to remove high lignin content under mild and severe conditions using NaOH as a catalyst at the concentration (0.03) M. The conditions of Organosolv pretreatment were used: temperature (125 °C mild, 160 °C severe), pretreatment time 90 min, and ethanol: water ratio 40:60 wt/wt. The acetylation of cellulose with acetic acid was used to produce cellulose tri-(CTA) and di-(CDA) acetate for two ways: with treated and untreated fronds. The conditions of acetylation reaction were used: temperature (50-55) °C and time (1, 2 & 3) h. The product was characterized by the solubility test, titration method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the high percentage of lignin removed was (93%), the best degree of substitution (DS) for (CTA) and (CDA) were 3.01 and 2.60. As well as the excellent solubility percentages for (CTA) with chloroform and mixture of chloroform/methanol were 90% and 84%, respectively. While the solubility percentage for (CDA) with acetone was 95%, these result occurred at pretreatment temperature 160°C, pretreatment time 90 min and reaction time 3 h.
Diferencias de género y rendimiento en estudiantes de educación infantil de la universidad surcolombiana
Authors: Chávarro Medina Gloria , Casadiego Cabrales Alix , Cuervo Leidy Carolina , Avendaño Rodríguez Álvaro
Published: June 2020

El presente estudio tiene como finalidad establecer si el género es un factor significativo en el rendimiento de los estudiantes en Educación Infantil. Para tal fin, se obtuvieron los promedios de calificaciones de 667 estudiantes de Educación Infantil de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Surcolombiana (658 mujeres y 9 hombres), del año 2013 al 2018. En general, los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Se concluye que la variable género no influye en el rendimiento de los cursos de Educación infantil.
Comparativo de dos modelos de estilos de aprendizaje en un grupo de estudiantes de QFB de la UACAM
Authors: Valencia Gutiérrez Marvel del Carmen , López Méndez Magnolia del Rosario , García Ramírez María de Jesús , Zavala Centeno Brillante
Published: June 2020

En esta investigación se realizó un estudio de los estilos de aprendizaje a los estudiantes que ingresaron en la generación 2018 del Programa Educativo de Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Se uso el modelo de Honey y Alonso también llamado CHAEA y el Modelo de la Programación Neurolingüística de Bandler y Grinder del canal Visual, Auditivo, Kinestésico, también llamado VAK. Los cuestionarios de las dos clasificaciones de estilos que se les aplicó a los 27 estudiantes que ingresaron en 2018, después de impartirles un curso de estilos, se les aplicaron nuevamente los instrumentos en 2019. Los resultados muestran que antes del curso 24 estudiantes aparentemente tuvieron un estilo preferencial específico considerando la clasificación de Honey y Alonso, después del curso solo 13 estudiantes se mantuvieron en un solo canal preferencial. Respecto al canal Visual, Auditivo, Kinestésico, también llamado VAK antes del curso 16 estudiantes tuvieron un canal preferencial, después del curso 18 estudiantes tuvieron un canal preferencial. De estos resultados fueron informados los estudiantes del Programa Educativo para que lo consideren en el desarrollo de sus estrategias de aprendizaje fortaleciendo su aprendizaje autónomo lo que contribuirá a incrementar el aprovechamiento escolar en el Nivel Superior.
El booktrailer como estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas, narrativas y digitales
Authors: Martínez Diaz Lina Yormary , Rodríguez Hernández Ariel Adolfo
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo se reportan los resultados de un estudio el cual tuvo por objeto validar la efectividad del booktrailer como una estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas, narrativas y digitales en educación primaria. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque mixto de tipo cuasiexperimental y la población objeto de estudio correspondió   a 74 estudiantes de grado cuarto de primaria pertenecientes a una institución educativa colombiana. Los resultados  evidencian  que  72 estudiantes lograron adquirir competencias digitales y narrativas y tan solo a 3 estudiantes se les dificultó desarrollar la competencia comunicativa. Se concluye que el booktrailer como estrategia didáctica, tiene un alto nivel de aceptabilidad para su implementación en el área de literatura y en el área de tecnología e informática.
Enseñar y educar. Acercamientos mesoaxiológicos, comprensivo edificador, radical inclusivo y de la alteridad
Authors: Loaiza Villalba Neira Del Carmen
Published: June 2020

Los primeros 4 artículos de este número de la revista Boletín Redipe giran en torno a la función de educar y las enseñanzas que educan, temas escurridizos en la actual educación, pedagogía y didáctica. Cada autor tiene experiencia reflexiva y propositiva en torno a estos imperativos de educación y pedagogía auténticas. Son creadores de constructos de la educación, la pedagogía y la formación basados en principios originales y sentidos de la educación y en saberes y prácticas que cuidan de estos: Perspectivas de la alteridad (Pedro Ortega Ruiz), mesoaxiológica (José Mnauel Touriñán), radical inclusiva (Agustín de la Herrán Gascón) y Comprensivo edificadora (Julio César Arboleda). Propuestas que han venido enriqueciendo los currículos y acciones formativas de docentes e instituciones iberoamericanas. 

Los siguientes trabajos que recoge este ejemplar constituyen artículos de investigación, en su mayoría, y otros de reflexión propositiva que afirman uno de los sentidos de la pedagogía y saberes asociados a la educación: construir conocimiento de la educación, de la reflexión y las prácticas educativas sobre principios edificantes. Veamos.
Conocer, enseñar y educar tienen distinto significado, la diferencia permite hablar con sentido de enseñanza educativa. Una mirada mesoaxiológica
Authors: Touriñán López José Manuel
Published: June 2020

Conocer, enseñar y educar no significan lo mismo. Para enseñar, además de conocer, hemos de conseguir que el educando haga cosas para que llegue a conocer y actuar. Para educar hemos de dar un paso más allá, porque hay enseñanzas que no educan: tenemos que valorar cada medio que utilizamos como educativo y ajustarlo a los rasgos inherentes al significado de educar. El objetivo de conocer es llegar a saber, el objetivo de enseñar es hacer saber y actuar a otro. El objetivo de educar es conseguir que el educando se capacite para decidir y realizar sus proyectos y se convierta en agente actor y autor de estos.

Este artículo pretende la formación de criterio sobre el significado de ‘educación’ y la importancia de la Pedagogía en la construcción de ámbitos de educación. El conocimiento de la educación hace posible la construcción de ámbitos de educación con las áreas culturales. El significado de educación es la conjunción de carácter y sentido pedagógicos. El carácter determina el significado, el sentido cualifica el significado.
Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de 25 casos de COVID-19 atendidos en la Clínica Delgado de Lima
Authors: Guzmán-Del Giudice Oscar Enrique , Lucchesi-Vásquez Elio Paul , Trelles-De Belaúnde Miguel , Herbert Pinedo-Gonzales Ramón , Camere-Torrealva Marco Antonio , Daly Alejandro , Pichilingue-Chagray Janet Elizabeth
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Presentar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con COVID-19 atendidos en un hospital privado de Lima. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y seccional. Se presenta a los 25 casos atendidos desde el día 9 de marzo al 27 de marzo del presente año, durante la pandemia actual, que fueron atendidos en el Departamento de Emergencia de la Clínica Delgado, Miraflores, Lima. Todos ellos fueron positivos para rRT-PCR para coronavirus, realizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud. Resultados: Casos importados, 24% o primeros contactos de ellos, 48%. Doce (48%) fueron varones. La mediana de edad fue de 38 años (rango: 11-67 años) para varones y 44 años (rango: 33-71 años) para mujeres; y una mediana global de 40 años (rango: 11-71 años). Las manifestaciones clínicas fueron: fiebre 84%, tos seca 84%, disnea 56%, odinofagia 56%, coriza 32%, cefalea 24%, dolor torácico 24%, diarrea 16%, mialgia 8%, y fatiga 4%. Las comorbilidades se hallaron en el 16% (hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, cáncer, asma e hipotiroidismo). Requirió hospitalización el 40% (10/25) de los casos, y sólo 8% (2/25) necesitó ser admitido a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). No hubo ningún paciente fallecido. Conclusiones: Encontramos que la mayoría fueron casos importados o relacionados, no hubo diferencias en el sexo, mayor frecuencia entre la cuarta y quinta década de la vida, cuadro clínico característico (fiebre, tos y disnea), presencia de comorbilidades, menos de la mitad requirió hospitalización, hallazgos característicos en la TEM pulmonar y muy pocos requirieron ingresar a la unidad de cuidados intensivos.
COVID-19: Evolución del conocimiento epidemiológico y patogénico en los primeros cuatro meses de pandemia
Authors: Bisso-Andrade Aland
Published: June 2020

El 31 de diciembre del 2019, las autoridades sanitarias de la China informaron a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) el reporte de 44 casos de  neumonía atípica de etiología microbiana aún desconocida ocurridos en la ciudad de Wuhan. Poco  después se dio a conocer que se trataba de un nuevo coronavirus al que en adelante se le llamaría  SARS-Cov-2 y a la enfermedad producida se le denominó COVID-19. Debido a que el brote se intensificó rápidamente, el 30 de enero del 2020 la OMS declaró que estábamos frente a una emergencia de salud pública de interés internacional y el 11 de marzo de 2020 anunció oficialmente la pandemia de COVID-19. 1 Para esta fecha ya se habían reportado 118 000 casos de infectados en 114 países y la muerte de 4 291 personas.
Necrólisis epidérmica tóxica con buena respuesta a pulsos de metilprednisolona
Authors: Vílchez-Rivera Stalin , Talledo-Serquén María Belén , Cruz-Villalobos Rodolfo Marcelino , Vélez-López César Edmundo
Published: June 2020

Mujer de 15 años de edad, que después de recibir lamotrigina por epilepsia no controlada, desarrolló eritema generalizado, ampollas y descamación, con compromiso de mucosas y que abarcó del 60%-80% de la superficie corporal. El cuadro clínico de necrólisis epidérmica tóxica fue confirmado por biopsia de piel.Aparte de las medidas de soporte, se le administró pulsos de metilprednisolona con rápida respuesta favorable.
Úlcera dérmica por ivermectina subcutánea en el tratamiento de COVID-19
Authors: Ramal-Asayag César , Espinoza-Venegas Luis Alfredo , Celis-Salinas Juan C. , Maguiña-Vargas Ciro
Published: June 2020

Se presentan dos casos de pacientes, naturales de Requena, ciudad a 160 Km al suroeste de Iquitos, departamento de Loreto, selva baja, con síntomas moderados de COVID-19, quienes fueron inyectados con ivermectina de uso veterinario por vía subcutánea en el hombro, como parte de un tratamiento que pudiera tener cierto efecto benéfico sobre la enfermedad. Cinco a ocho días después, en las zonas de inoculación, notaron un nódulo eritematoso que se tornó necrótico, dejando una úlcera redondeada con levessignos inflamatorios. La cicatrización fue lenta.
Herpes zóster oftálmico: signo de Hutchinson
Authors: Bojórquez-Castillo Héctor , Suárez-Montalvo Mario
Published: June 2020

Mujer de 65 años, sin antecedentes de importancia, que tres días antes del ingreso presentó cefalea punzante de intensidad 9/10 en región hemicránea izquierda y, luego de dos días, edema del párpado izquierdo y lesiones en la frente y punta de la nariz. Al examen, se evidenciaron lesiones eritematosas y vesiculares dispersas y una lesión costrosa en región frontal izquierda, párpado izquierdo edematoso y compromiso de la punta de la nariz (signo de Hutchinson) (Figura 1). Resto del examen físico, sin alteraciones. Luego de cinco días del inicio de aciclovir endovenoso y corticoides se observó franca mejoría del edema palpebral, con mayor desarrollo de costras de igual distribución que las lesiones iniciales (Figura 2).
Soğuk Stresi Altında Yetiştirilen Yumurtacı Tavukların Rasyonlarına Farklı Düzeylerde Katılan Kuşburnu Meyvesinin Yumurta Verimi ve Özellikleri ile Canlı Ağırlık Değişimi ve Yemden Yararlanma Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: YILDIZ Serhat , TEKELİ Ahmet , DEMİREL Murat , ALDEMİR Reşit , YÖRÜK İ. Hakkı , BELHAN Saadet , KOŞAL Volkan
Published: June 2020

Soğuk stresi altında yetiştirilen Nick Brown yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına sentetik askorbik asit (100 mg/kg) veya askorbik asit kaynağı olarak farklı dozlarda (5, 10 ve 15 g/kg) kuşburnu meyvesi katılmasının yumurtlama performansı, yumurta kalitesi, yumurta sarısı renk değerleri, canlı ağırlık değişimleri, rektal sıcaklık ve yem tüketimleri ile yemden yararlanma oranları üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 24 haftalık yaştaki 120 adet kahverengi yumurtacı Nick Brown tavuklar kullanılmış, yem ve su serbest olarak verilmiştir. 12 haftalık deneme süresince 16 saat aydınlık; 8 saat karanlık aydınlatma programı uygulanmış, deneme ünitesinde sıcaklık 12 saat süreyle 24 0C, soğuk stresi oluşturmak amacıyla da 12 saat süreyle 14 0C olarak ayarlanmıştır. Yumurta ağırlığı, ak ağırlığı ve kabuk ağırlığı ile yemden yararlanma değerleri tüm katkı gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre azaldığı, sarı ağırlığı ve Roch renk skala değeri ile yemden yararlanma oranı değerleri tüm katkı gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre arttığı, yumurta sarı indeksi, yumurta ak indeksi ve Haugh birimi değerlerinin 10 g/kg kuşburnu katılan grupta diğer katkı gruplarından düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yumurtlama performansı olarak, haftalık yumurta sayısı, yumurta verimi ve toplam yumurta ağırlığı ile yumurta sarısı ve kırmızılığı değerleri, rasyonlara 15 g/kg düzeyinde kuşburnu meyvesinin katılması durumunda sayısal olarak diğer tüm gruplardan daha yüksek değerde olduğu, katkıların rektal sıcaklık değerlerini değiştirmediği tespit edilmiştir.
Microbiological Risks and Portion Analyse of Stuffed Mussels Sold in Istanbul
Authors: OMURTAG KORKMAZ Burcu İrem , KORKMAZ Serol , YÜCE Mustafa , SOYOĞUL GÜRER Ümran
Published: June 2020

In this study, stuffed mussels were collected from 50 selling points in Istanbul, consist of street vendors (n=38) and retail shops (n=12), analyzed microbiologically and weighted per portion. Mean Total Aerobic Count result was 7.38±1.01 log10 cfu/g among the samples. Coliform was isolated from 44% of samples (2.85±0.57 log cfu/g), Escherichia coli from 12% of samples (3.76±0.71 log cfu/g), Staphylococcus aureus from 4% (4.15±0.30 log cfu/g), Bacillus cereus in 2% (2.78 log cfu/g) and Bacillus licheniformis in 4% (3.18±0.08 log cfu/g) of samples. Listeria ivanovii was isolated from 2% of samples (in 25 g). No Clostridium spp., Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were detected. Level of Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus + S. epidermidis) contamination was significantly higher in the retail shop (P <0.05). The mean portion per stuffed mussel was 16.78±5.62 g. Except for the result of Staphylococcus spp., microbiological analyses and a gram of portions did not show a significant difference between retail shops and street vendors (P >0.05). However, an inappropriate level of S. aureus contamination in retail shops remain a food safety gap. Furthermore, the mean results of portions are assumed to be used in predictive microbiology studies.
Presence and Prevalence of Listeria Species in the Inci Kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas 1811)
Authors: SANCAK Hakan , SAĞUN Emrullah
Published: June 2020

Lake Van is not a very convenient environment for life of both sea and freshwater fish due to its high alkaline (pH 9.8) and salty (0.21%) water and only pearl mullet (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas 1811) are present in the lake. In this study, the presence and prevalence of Listeria species in samples of the pearl mullet (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas 1811) living as an endemic species in Lake Van and taken a total of 160 times for 12 months were examined. The method recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) was used for the isolation and identification of Listeria species. Among the pearl mullet samples examined, Listeria spp. were isolated in 20 (12.50%) and of them L. innocua in 10 (6.25%) and L. welshimeri in 8 (5.00%) and L. ivanovii in 2 (1.25%) were identified. In this study, the presence of Listeria species in pearl mullet samples examined according to the seasons was revealed for the first time. Failure to identification of L. monocytogenes in any of the samples that is an important pathogen for humans, was assessed as an indicator that these fish did not constitute a public health risk in terms of listeriosis. As a result, Listeria spp. and other pathogenic microorganisms not to pose a risk to public health and in order to prevent the deterioration of fishes and reduce the economic losses, the transportation, storage and marketing of the caught fishes should be done under hygienic and cold conditions.
Farklı Düzeylerde Bezelye Katılan Yumurta Tavuğu Rasyonlarına Enzim İlavesinin Performans Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: BİNGÖL Tuğba , KARSLI Mehmet , ALTAÇLİ Selçuk , KALE Çağri , BOLAT Duran
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına soya küspesi yerine farklı düzeylerde bezelye ve bezelyeye ek olarak enzim ilavesinin performans ve yumurta kalite kriterleri üzerine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deneme 30 haftalık yaşta yumurtacı tavuklarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme, bir kontrol ve 6 muamele grubu olmak üzere 7 gruptan, her grup 7 alt gruptan ve her alt grup da 7 yumurta tavuğundan oluşturulmuştur. Toplam 343 yumurta tavuğu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda yumurta ağırlığının %10 bezelye (D1) olan grupta diğer gruplara göre önemli derecede düşük olduğu görülmüştür (P<0.05). Yumurta verimleri bakımından 1 ve 4. hafta dışında son hafta da dahil olmak üzere gruplar arasında farklılık görülmemiştir. Yem tüketiminde 5. haftada gruplar arasında farklılık görülmekle beraber, genel olarak diğer haftalarda herhangi bir farklılık belirlenmemiştir. Yemden yararlanma oranında da 1. hafta haricinde gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar önemsiz bulunmuştur. Yumurta kalite kriterlerinden çap ve şekil indexi açısından gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar önemsiz bulunmuştur. Ak indexi, Haugh birimi, renk skalası ve kabuk kalınlığı açısından ise gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak, yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarında kullanılan soya fasulyesi küspesinden gelen proteinin %30’una kadarının bezelyeden enzim katılarak veya katılmaksızın karşılanmasının, performans üzerinde herhangi olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığı, özellikle %20 ve %30 oranında bezelye proteini içeren rasyonlara enzim katılmasının ak indeksi, haugh birimi ve yumurta sarısı gibi yumurtanın iç kalite kriterleri üzerine önemli derecede olumlu etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.
Van İlinde Koyunlarda Fasciola Hepatica Prevalansının Koproantijen Elısa Ve Dışkı Muayene Yöntemleri İle Karşılaştırmalı Araştırılması
Authors: EROL ESİM Suzan , ÖZDAL Nalan , OĞUZ Bekir
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, Van ilinde koyunlarda fasciolosisin yayılışını koproantijen-ELISA ve sedimentasyon-çinko sülfat flotasyon yöntemleri ile tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Toplam 141 koyundan alınan dışkı örnekleri sedimentasyon–çinko sülfat flotasyon metoduyla Fasciola hepatica yumurtaları yönünden muayene edilmiştir. Pozitif örneklerde gram dışkıdaki yumurta sayısı (EPG) modifiye McMaster sedimentasyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Dışkı örneklerinde F. hepatica antijenlerinin varlığı koproantijen-ELISA testi ile araştırılmıştır. Fasciolosisin koproantijen-ELISA, dışkı muayenesine ve totale göre prevalansı sırası ile %19.85, %11.34 ve %20.5 belirlenmiştir. Enfekte hayvanlarda EPG değeri 91,6 ± 64.1 bulunmuştur. Fasciolosisin prevalansı 4-5 yaş grubunda (%30) 2-3 yaş grubuna (%13.5) göre daha yüksek belirlenmiş ve bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Cinsiyete göre prevalansın dişilerde ve erkeklerde sırasıyla %20.6 ve %20 olduğu belirlenmiştir (p>0.05). Dışkı muayenesinde, koyunların Dicrocoelium dentriticum (%17.7), Trichuris ovis (%12), Oestertagia spp. (%12), Tricostrongylus spp. (%9.9), Nematodirus spp. (%5.7) ve Paramphistomum spp. (%2.8) ile de enfekte olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma Van ilinde yetiştirilen koyunlarda fasciolosisin koproantijen-ELISA tekniği ile araştırıldığı ilk çalışmadır. Fasciolosis prevalansının uygulanan teşhis metodlarına göre değişebileceği ve sonuçların enfeksiyonun farklı aşamalarını yansıttığı için dikkatli yorumlanması gerektiği düşünülmüştür.
Hepatoprotective Effect Of Silymarin Against Diethylnitrosamine Induced Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress in Rats
Authors: KARAKURT Emin , DAĞ Serpil
Published: June 2020

Liver cancer is the third most common cancer-related death in the World. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes %70-85 of liver malignant primary tumors. In this study; we aimed to investigate the role of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in the experimental liver cancer model and to examine the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin in detail using oxidative-nitrosative stress markers with immunohistochemical methods. For this purpose, 50 Wistar Albino male rats were divided into 5 groups with 10 rats. Animals in DEN group received DEN at a dose of 50 mg/kg once a week for 20 weeks. The rats in the DEN +Silymarin group were Silymarin intraperitoneally for 21 weeks 3 times a week at a dose of 100 mg/kg, starting 1 week prior to the administration of DEN. Silymarin was administered to rats in the group of Silymarin 3 times a week intraperitoneally for 20 weeks at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The rats in the control group were fed pellet feed and drinking water for 20 weeks. Animals in Sham group were treated with propylene glycol dissolved in 0,9 % NaCl intraperitoneally 3 times a week for 20 weeks. At the end of 21 weeks, macroscopically different size and number of nodular structures were detected in the DEN and DEN+Silymarin group. The microscopic examination revealed that the nodules were HCC. As a result, DEN induced liver cancer; however, silymarin did not show a statistically significant protective effect in terms of iNOS and Nitrotyrosine expressions.
Influence of oral melatonin administration on oxidative stress and intestinal microflora in rats exposed to cadmium
Authors: TAVŞANLI Hakan , KISADERE İhsan
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of oral melatonin treatment on oxidative stress and intestinal microflora in rats exposed to chronic cadmium. Healthy 32 adult male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (C; n=8), cadmium (Cd; n=8), melatonin (Mlt, n=8), cadmium + melatonin (Cd + Mlt; n=8). Mlt (100 mg/kg) was orally administered 5 times (Mlt and Cd + Mlt), and CdCl2 (2 mg/day) 3 times a week for 4 weeks to rats (Cd and Cd + Mlt). After the treatments, serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant (TOS) levels as well as plasma ALT, AST, GGT, T.pro, Alb and BUN values were measured. Intestinal contents were aseptically collected, and Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. counts were performed. As a result, serum TOS levels were defined higher in Cd group than other groups (P <0.05). Lactococcus spp. counts decreased as 0.63 log in Cd group compared to C in small intestine, however it increased as 1.15 log in Cd + Mlt group. In conclusion, Cd + Mlt chelate was found benefical for intestinal microflora due to suppressed the Enterobacteriaceae growth, however ameliorated the Cd induced oxidative stress and Lactobacillus spp./Lactococcus spp. rates in the different part of the intestine.
Escassez de neurologistas na Amazônia brasileira.
Authors: Dos Santos-Lobato Bruno Lopes , Pontes-Neto Octávio Marques
Published: June 2020

O Brasil é um país emergente com crescente desenvolvimento econômico nos últimos 20 anos e com a sétima economia mais rica do mundo. No entanto, o ranking do Brasil no Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano das Nações Unidas (79ª posição, com base em dados de 2014) é paradoxalmente baixo em comparação com seu status econômico. As dimensões continentais do Brasil ampliam as desigualdades entre suas regiões, e a Amazônia é a área menos desenvolvida do país. Neste artigo, discutimos algumas das razões para a escassez de neurologistas na Amazônia brasileira. Além disso, discutimos possíveis novas estratégias para diminuir essas desigualdades em saúde pública em um futuro próximo.
The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine and Buffalo Whey Proteins Milk by Using Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology
Authors: Al-Hatim Raqad R. , Al-Rikabi Ali K. , Ghadban Amal K.
Published: June 2020

The current study aims to prepare whey from bovine and buffalo fresh milk to make three types of cheese, namely: thermal, acidic and enzymatic. Afterward, whey proteins have been separated, then the concentration process of whey proteins has been conducted by using ultrafiltration membrane technology. Through the previous step, two products have been obtained; first, concentrated whey proteins which is called (Retentate), while the other is called (Permeate). Applying rotary evaporator, whey proteins are concentrated and then drying in two methods: spray-drying and freeze-drying in a form of white and soft powder. The chemical composition has been studied at each phase. The results show the separation, purification, and concentration of bovine and buffalo whey proteins by using ultrafiltration membrane technology. The results show that buffalo whey proteins produced by the method of enzymatic and dried with spray-drying are better than bovine whey protein. Finally, the results show a low ratio of lactose, salts and moisture content at the stages of filtration and concentration. The results present a high proportion of protein to 80 .and low ratio lactose and salt.
Effect of Dietary Supplementing Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) on Meat Traits of the Broiler Chicks
Authors: Majid Rauf H. , Albashr Tariq Kh. M. , Hamma Arazu A. , Khidhir Zaid Kh.
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary using of cumin as feed supplement on meat quality traits of the broiler chicken. Eight-day old broiler divided into 4 groups, 3 replicates (8 chicks/replicate) each for 45 days. Treatments included; (T1), basal diet without cumin or control, (T2), basal diet with 3 g. cumin. kg-1 of diet, (T3), basal diet with 6 g. cumin. kg-1 of diet, (T4), basal diet with 9 g. cumin. kg-1 of diet. At the end of this experiment after slaughtering all the chicks, samples were taken from breast and thigh meat. Results revealed that cumin supplementation did not significantly (p<0.01) affect moisture percentages of breast meat and protein percentages of thigh meat. Results also showed that use basal diet with 3 and 6 g.cumin. kg-1 of diet significantly (p<0.01) impact on meat water holding capacity and cooking loss percentages, while different cumin level impact on fat, ash percentages, pH value, TBA, TVB.N values, metmyoglobin, myoglobin value, copper, nickel, zinc, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium concentrations of thigh meat,  as well as iron, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium and calcium concentrations of breast meat. Results conclude that using cumin as feed supplement in  3, 6 and 9 g.kg-1 level, improve most chemical and physical traits of meat.
Práctica de valores en estudiantes brasileños y mexicanos
Authors: Hernández Romero Gladys
Published: June 2020

La presente investigación analiza la percepción de la práctica de valores en estudiantes de la escuela técnica de Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje Comercial (SENAC) ARRAQUARA en Brasil y la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT) en México. Empleándose una metodología cuantitativa con enfoque analítico. El muestreo fue de forma intencional y se aplicaron 152 cuestionarios a alumnos de las diferentes carreras profesionales y técnicas. Los resultados muestran que independientemente de la institución enla que realizan su formación profesional, practican valores de forma regular cuando interactúan con sus padres y maestros, Esta práctica disminuye cuando están con sus pares.
Three new combinations in Villaria (Octotropideae, Rubiaceae), an endemic genus from the Philippines
Authors: Arriola A.H. , Alejandro G.J.D.
Published: June 2020

Three new species combinations are made under Villaria for the Philippine endemics Hypobathrum coriaceum, H. multibracteatum and H. purpureum. Morphological features of these three Hypobathrum species revealed a closer resemblance with Villaria than
with Hypobathrum, as the three Philippine endemics possess a unilocular ovary with parietal placentation; a character that is not found in any genera of Octotropideae except in Villaria. Lectotypes and a neotype are selected.
Orchidantha anthracina (Lowiaceae), a new species from Vietnam
Authors: Trân H.Đ. , Lu'u H.T. , Leong-Škorničková J.
Published: June 2020

Orchidantha anthracina (Lowiaceae), discovered at the south central coast of Vietnam, is described and illustrated, bringing the total number of species in the family to 26, of which four occur in Vietnam. The notes on distribution, habitat and etymology are given and
a preliminary conservation assessment is provided. The species is compared with O. vietnamica, with which it shares flowers of similar size and colours, but from which it is readily distinguished by a narrow and strongly reflexed dorsal sepal and spreading lateral sepals, not supporting
the labellum. Notes with additional comparison to all species with a similar arrangement of lateral sepals are also provided.
The Impact of Leverage on Earnings Per Share: A Study of Selected Petroleum Companies in India
Authors: Abdukareem Ahmed Mahdi , Meghanathi Priyanka Dineshgiri
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of this article is to study the impact of leverage on earning per share of selected petroleum companies in India.  The article also aims to examine the correlation between three types of leverage with earning per share and to know more about the leverage and petroleum industry in India. The most appropriate Parametric and Non parametric tests are employed and the analysis of data is presented through different graphs and tables. This article comes across to draw a comparison between the degree of combined leverage and earnings per share of selected petroleum companies during the study period.
Capability of Dynamic Governance Aspects of Thinking Across: Case Studies in Building and Environmental Planning in Strategic Areas
Authors: Rachman Marjoni , Marsuq Marsuq
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the capability of Dynamic Governance aspects of thinking across the Building and Environmental Planning in the Kutai Timur Regency Strategic Area (RTBL KSK). This research method uses qualitative research with descriptive research type. Data collection is done by: Interview, Observation, and Documentation. Activities in data analysis, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of the study show aspects of thinking across the Building and Environmental Planning in the Regency Strategic Area (RTBL KSK) East Kutai show indicators that are still weak in terms of evaluation and adjustment. Adopted from the Building and Environmental Planning (RTBL) can not be separated from the concept called Urban Design (UD). Urban design is three dimensional, short term, with more emphasis on safety, aesthetics/character, and harmony with the environment. The evaluation indicators that need to be considered are land use mismatches and land-use intensity. Furthermore, the KSK RTBL is a strategic program action plan for handling the problems of settlement and infrastructure development in the field of Cipta Karya in priority areas in urban areas as an area that can contribute to minimum food security for consumption in East Kutai Regency and is directed to be developed to meet the needs of East Kutai Regency.
Clothing Sales Promotion Activities: Social Media Marketing Aspects
Authors: Tedsungnon Panya
Published: June 2020

This article aims to increase clothes sales promotion activities on aspects of social media marketing. Marketing activities are aimed at making the product acceptable and then the product is liked by the market. With this sales promotion costs are generally lighter and the results achieved can be done in the short term. Clothing sales promotion using social media Facebook will be available with advertising facilities such as sponsored stories, CPC, Facebook page post ads, pages like Ads. Use status and tweet which is the simplest way of promotion. Instagram is this media used by teenagers who have smartphones. Use status and tweet which is the simplest way of promotion. Tendency of clothing sales promotions expect after buying, consumers will have the brand loyalty they bought
New Study: Helicobacter Species as a Potential Zoonotic Infectious Carcinogen : A Review
Authors: Arnaot May
Published: June 2020

In 1983 two Australian doctors discovered a spiral bacterium in the human stomach which was called Campylobacter pylori (or pyloridis) to be re-named (Helicobacter pylori) in 1990. Carried by half the global population it was first believed exclusive to Human causing chronic gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This discovery revolutionized peptic ulcer treatment with antibiotics instead of surgery. H.pylori is the only bacterial agent classified as Class 1 carcinogen.
In 1997 genetic advances allowed genome sequencing and detailed research particularly on genomic pathogenesis. Genome printing methods revealed that H.pylori was transmitted from domesticated animals to pre-stone-age man probably of African ancestry.
New non-pylori Helicobacter species were found in farm, small, wild, and non-human primate animals. Some cause chronic gastritis and vomiting, occasionally lymphocytic gastric tissue proliferation and cancer. Some animal and avian species are contagious to human, sometimes sharing genomic similarities with H.pylori.
There are currently about 35 Helicobacter species. In pathogenic strains, certain genes function as virulence factors making proteins responsible for chronic inflammatory reactions and carcinogenesis in variable degrees. This is called (genomic polymorphism), it create diverse species and strains with variable degrees of pathogenicity. Genomic heterogeneity is the result of Helicobacter adaptation in various environmental, geographic, and host circumstances. Helicobacter strains with diverse virulence may exist in different ethnic and geographic groups. Both H.pylori in human and non-pylori species in animal may co-exist mixed in one host. Sheep is believed the reservoir for H.pylori and H.canis.
Long-term Food Additive Monosodium Glutamate Induces the Differentiation of Pancreatic Adipose Tissue into newly Formed Islets of Langerhans
Authors: Hussin Amer M , Tala'a Ali A.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to find the effect of long-term food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the tissue of pancreas. For this purpose, two treated groups of adult wistar rats were administered 15 mg/kg body weight for 30 and 75 days respectively. Immediately after sacrificing, specimens of pancreas were collected and fixed. Routine histological processes were carried out to prepare the specimens for light microscopy. Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Gomori aldehyde fuchsin stains were used. The study confirmed that the pancreas had a histological compensatory defense mechanism. In terms of exocrine units, the size of islets of Langerhans were increased due to increase the size of alpha and beta cells and the engorgement of the surrounding blood vessels. The exocrine acini neighboring to islets of Langerhans were engorged with secretion. After 75 days, fusion of some preexisting islets among the exocrine units were recorded. The study firstly focused the light on the pancreatic adipose tissue differentiation to give rise a newly–formed islets of langerhans. The alpha and beta cells of the islets had a well cytological architecture with apparent network of functional blood vessels. Creation of a new generation of beta cells induced by appetizer, may regarded as an important approach in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The study concluded that, in small animals, the endocrine mass of pancreatic islets proportionate with the need of insulin. Moreover, adipose tissue act as endocrine tissue and may secreting the hormone insulin. The study declared a positive relationship between exocrine and endocrine units, when the pancreas was subjected to external stressful factor
Effect of Addition of Different Concentrations of Bentonite to the Ration on Concentration of Blood Minerals and Ruminal Fluid Traits of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Al-Neuamy A. M. , M Abed , A Hassan
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted on know the effect of different levels of local Bentonite in a percent of 0, 1 and 3% to the ration of Awassi lambs on concentration of minerals and Ammonia concentration and the numbers of microflora of ruminal fluid. Fifteen Awassi lambs were used in this study, aged between 4-6 months with mean body weight of 27.57 ± 0.71 kg. The animals were an individual pens in a space of 1.5 × 2 m. The animals were divided randomly into three equal groups (5 lambs/ groups). The 1st group regarded as a control group, While the 2nd and 3rd group adding to its concentrated ration the local Bentonite in a percentage of 1 and 3% respectively. The animals were fed on a concentrated ration 3% of the body weight and the rough ration (alfalfa hay) were given ad libtium. The results of experiment showed there were a significant increase (P<0.05) in concentration of Ammonia nitrogen of ruminal fluid in the control and 3rd group (3% Bentonite), before morning fed. While there were significantly (P>0.05) decrease in ruminal fluids of animals fed at the 2nd and 3rd group ration (1, 3% Bentonite) after two hours of morning fed as compared with the control group. The results also showed after four hours of morning feeding there was no significant difference between different groups in concentration of Ammonia in ruminal fluid. There was a significant decrease (P>0.05) in sodium salts in blood of lambs fed on 2nd and 3rd ration as compared with control ration. The results showed that addition of Bentonite at different levels (0, 1 and 3) % on lamb ration have no effect on concentration of blood Ca, Ma, K and Al. It has been observed that there was a significant increase (P<0.01) in the numbers of ruminal fluid microflora after addition of 3% Bentonite as compared with control and 1% Bentonite. It was concluded from this study that addition of Bentonite to the lamb ration have a beneficial effect on blood sodium, ruminal fluid Ammonia and the numbers of ruminal microflora.
Study the Histopathological Effects of Sildenafil Treatment on the Kidney of Adult Male Rats
Authors: Mohammed Yasmeen J. , Khudair Zainab
Published: June 2020

The present study was aimed to detection the histopathological changes on the kidney of male rats treated with sildenafil drug. In this study, 40 adult male rats were used. These rats divided into four equal groups, each group involved ten rats, group I receive normal saline (1ml/Kg) as control group (N= 10). Group II, III and group IIII was received sildenafil orally at a with following concentration of (1.25,2.5 and 5mg/kg) body weight for 3 months respectively. At the end of experiments. All animals are euthanized and both kidney samples are collected for histopathology assessment. The result demonstrate deferent lesion in kidney structures in treated groups involved degeneration and necrosis of cortical renal tubules, Area of cystic dilation in glomeruli. Cystic dilation in renal tubules also the result recorded dilation glomeruli with dilation of bowman space, finally dilation glomeruli’s with degenerate cellularity and calcification of tubules in compared to control group including normal glomeruli and normal renal tubules.