bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ‘pioneer of nations’: Ireland’s earliest writers
Authors: Cróinín Dáibhí Ó
Published: February 2017

This book is a landmark publication in the field of Early Irish History. Working from the fact that Ireland, in the period c.AD 400 to c.AD 1000, produced a massive body of literature, in a wide variety of genres and in two languages, Irish and Latin, that was far more extensive than in any other country in Europe, the author offers a context for the ‘communities of learning’ that produced such literature. Previous writers have struggled to explain how a society situated at the very edge of the known world could have done such a thing. Not the least of Elva Johnston’s achievements is to force a rethink of such underlying perceptions. Rather than viewing Ireland as an isolated and backward intellectual desert, for her ‘it is useful to see the island as a frontier-zone, comparable to other Roman frontiers’ (p. 11), and to see the evolution of Irish literacy and literate elites against the backdrop of Roman Frontier Studies. Though Ireland never suffered the traumatic consequences of barbarian invasion and the fall of Empire, Johnston argues nevertheless that there was much more than trading and raiding, or colonizing and slaving involved; she would see a much more profound influence at work: ‘the culture of early Christian Ireland is incomprehensible outside of the Late Antique context’ (p. 25).
Territorial Control by Armed Groups and the Regulation of Access to Humanitarian Assistance
Authors: Gal Tom
Published: February 2017

Humanitarian assistance is essential for the survival of the civilian population and peoplehors de combatin the theatre of war. Its regulation under the laws of armed conflict tries to achieve a balance between humanitarian goals and state sovereignty. This balance, reflected in the provisions of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, is not as relevant to contemporary armed conflicts, most of which involve non-state armed groups. Even those provisions relating to humanitarian assistance in conflicts involving non-state armed groups fail to address properly the key features of these groups, and especially their territorial aspect. This article proposes a different approach, which takes into consideration and gives weight to the control exercised by non-state armed groups over a given territory. Accordingly, it is suggested that provisions regulating humanitarian relief operations in occupied territories should apply to territories controlled by armed groups. This approach views international humanitarian law first and foremost as an effective, realistic and practical branch of law. Moreover, it has tremendous humanitarian advantages and reflects the aims and purposes of the law, while considering the factual framework of these conflicts.
Circulating microfilariae in haematological malignancies: do they have a role in pathogenesis?
Authors: Kerketta L.S. , Ghosh K.
Published: February 2017

Filariasis is very common in tropical countries. It is endemic in the coastal areas of India. We report four cases of haematological malignancy where peripheral blood and bone marrow smears did not show any microfilariae but conventional cytogenetic preparations from all the four cases showed the presence of parasites. Their morphology confirmed the diagnosis of all cases as bancroftian filariasis. Therefore all types of cytogenetic preparations should be screened carefully in the endemic areas along the coastal zones of India for the presence of this parasite.
Flysch trace fossils from the Cretaceous Kodiak Formation of Alaska
Authors: Mccann Tommy , Pickerill Ron K.
Published: February 2017

The Cretaceous Kodiak Formation at the northeastern end of Kodiak Island, Alaska, is interpreted to have been deposited in a distal deep-sea fan complex. Facies analysis of the sequence suggests deposition in channels (both major and distributary), lobe fringe (proximal and distal), and interchannel and interchannel/channel mouth environments. The strata contain a diverse and relatively abundant trace fossil assemblage consisting, at the ichnogeneric level, of twenty-six forms: Acanthorhaphe, Chondrites, Circulichnis, Cochlichnus, Cosmorhaphe, Desmograpton, Glockerichnus, Gordia, Helminthoida, Helminthopsis, Muensteria, Neonereites, Nereites, Paleodictyon, Palaeophycus, ?Phycosiphon, Planolites, Protopaleodictyon, Scolicia, Spirophycus, Spirorhaphe, Taenidium, Taphrhelminthopsis, Terebellina, Thalassinoides, and Yakutatia.

Thirty-eight ichnospecies are described, three of which (Acanthorhaphe ichnosp., Cosmorhaphe helicoidea, and Desmograpton fuchsi) are recorded for the first time in North America. Final channel-fill (levee) and interchannel environments contain the most abundant and diverse ichnoassemblages, a reflection of favorable environmental parameters for inhabitation by benthic organisms, but more importantly the presence of diverse lithotypes conducive to the final preservation of their activity. Channel-fill sequences are devoid of trace fossils, a reflection of substrate mobility and lack of shale interbeds precluding toponomic preservation. Lobe fringe sequences contain only isolated trace fossils, a reflection of their poor exposure and largely monolithologic character.

The ichnoassemblage is compared to 20 previously described and taxonomically well-documented deep-water flysch trace fossil studies from the Phanerozoic. Comparison at the ichnogeneric level is favorable with only Acanthorhaphe, Terebellina, and Yakutatia being relatively unique to the Kodiak sequence.
Boring of various faunal elements in the Oligocene-Miocene Bluff Formation of Grand Cayman, British West Indies
Authors: Pleydell S. M. , Jones Brian
Published: February 2017

Molds of corals, bivalves, and gastropods in the Oligocene–Miocene Bluff Formation of Grand Cayman Island contain casts ofEntobia(nine ichnospecies including the new ichnospeciesE. dendritica),Trypanites(three ichnospecies),Gastrochaenolites(two ichnospecies),Maeandropolydora(one ichnospecies),Talpina(one ichnospecies), andCaulostrepsis(one ichnospecies), as well as the new ichnogenusUniglobites, indeterminate ichnogenus A, and a problematical boring.Entobiaaccounts for about 75 percent of the borings, whileUniglobitesandTrypanitestogether account for 15 percent of the borings. Comparison ofUniglobiteswith modern borings of known affinity suggests that it was produced by adociid and/or clionid sponges while indeterminate ichnogenus A was probably formed by bivalves. The amount of boring, which ranges from 0 to 75 percent, varies from skeleton to skeleton or, in some cases, from branch to branch of the same coral colony. The branching coralStylophorawas particularly susceptible to boring, probably because of its small size and high surface area. The average boring of about 38 percent compares favorably with the amount of boring found in modern corals. Analysis of the borings suggests that sponges were responsible for most of the borings in the corals from the Bluff Formation. Comparison with bioerosion in modern reefs suggests that similar patterns of bioerosion were also occurring in Oligocene–Miocene times.
Information loss in the transition from life to death assemblages of foraminifera in back reef environments, Key Largo, Florida
Authors: Martin Ronald E. , Wright Ramil C.
Published: February 2017

Despite numerous distributional studies of foraminifera in modern shallow-water carbonate environments, information loss and taphonomic bias in the transition from life to death assemblages of foraminifera in these environments have not previously been examined in detail. Surface sediment and vegetation samples were collected along six nearshore traverses and one traverse across the back reef lagoon off Key Largo, Florida. Living foraminifera are found in abundance on algae and the marine angiosperm, Thalassia testudinum, while foraminifera in sediment assemblages are represented primarily by empty tests. Q-mode cluster analysis of living assemblages on Thalassia delineates inshore (depth 0.4–2.7 m) and offshore (3.0–9.0 m) back reef biofacies. Calcareous imperforate (suborder Miliolina) species thrive in quiet waters of the inshore biofacies, in which biotic interactions appear to be the prime factor in determining small-scale species distributions of living foraminifera. Fragile species are most susceptible to test destruction, and, therefore, sediment assemblages are dominated by more robust forms (e.g., Archaias angulatus, Valvulina oviedoiana, thick-walled species of Quinqueloculina).

Water turbulence primarily determines species composition of living populations of the offshore biofacies. These assemblages are dominated by the calcareous perforate (suborder Rotaliina) species Planorbulina acervalis and Rosalina bahamaensis. These species resist transport by encrusting Thalassia blades and having a test which fits flush with grass blades, respectively. However, sediment assemblages of the offshore biofacies are also dominated by typical inshore, robust species (Archaias angulatus, thick-walled miliolids). Thus, inshore and offshore biofacies are not readily differentiated by Q-mode cluster analysis of sediment assemblages. Robust species are wide ranging and often abundant in sediment because of differential preservation and time-averaging of sediment assemblages. The resultant taphonomic bias may interfere with paleoecologic interpretations concerning intensity of water energy and distance from shore.
Scalpellum multangulatum (H. C. Lea, 1843) (Cirripedia, Scalpellidae), senior synonym of S. gibbum Pilsbry, 1907
Authors: Campbell Lyle D. , Zullo Victor A.
Published: February 2017

H. C. Lea (1843, 1846), in papers on molluscs from the Tertiary of Virginia, described and illustrated the scutum and carina of a scalpellid barnacle, which he mistakenly identified as two new species of molluscs. The scutum was described as Avicula multangulata (after 1843 as A. multangula) and the carina as Patella acinaces. Conrad (1863), Meek (1864), d'Orbigny (1852), and Heilprin (1884) listed these species in their enumerations of the Tertiary molluscan fauna. Meyer (1888, p. 138) was the first to recognize the cirriped nature of these fossils. He correctly identified the plates as scutum and carina, assigned them to Scalpellum magnum Darwin, 1851, an English Pliocene species, and provided detailed figures of the type specimens from the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (Meyer, 1888, figs. 11, 12a).
Eradicating invasive rodents from wet and dry tropical islands in Mexico
Authors: Samaniego-Herrera Araceli , Aguirre-Muñoz Alfonso , Bedolla-Guzmán Yuliana , Cárdenas-Tapia Ana , Félix-Lizárraga María , Méndez-Sánchez Federico , Reina-Ponce Orlando , Rojas-Mayoral Evaristo , Torres-García Flor
Published: February 2017

Eradications of invasive rodents from tropical islands have a lower success rate compared to temperate islands. In the tropics the wide range of physical and biological conditions results in a wide variety of island biomes, with unique challenges and windows of opportunity for rodent eradications. We describe and compare research and operational details of six successful eradications of invasive miceMus musculusand ship ratsRattus rattuscarried out during 2011–2015. The work was conducted on six islands in two distinct tropical archipelagos in Mexico (one dry in the Gulf of Mexico; one wet in the Caribbean), and included the first eradication of rats from a mangrove-dominated island > 500 ha. Invasive rodent populations varied among species and islands, even neighbouring islands; overall density was higher on wet islands. Physical and biological features, including the presence of land crabs, determined eradication timing and rates of bait broadcast (higher on wet islands). An interval of 6–10 days between the two bait applications per island was sufficient to eradicate actively breeding mouse and rat populations. Impacts on non-target species were negligible, including those on wild and captive iguanas. Eradication success was rapidly confirmed based on ground monitoring and statistical modelling. Rodent eradications on larger tropical islands should be achievable with directed research to inform planning and implementation.
Cannabis use and adherence to antipsychotic medication: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Foglia E. , Schoeler T. , Klamerus E. , Morgan K. , Bhattacharyya S.
Published: February 2017

Background

Substance use may increase the risk of non-adherence to antipsychotics, resulting in negative outcomes in patients with psychosis.

Method

We aimed to quantitatively summarize evidence regarding the effect of cannabis use, the most commonly used illicit drug amongst those with psychosis, on adherence to antipsychotic medication. Studies were identified through a systematic database search. Adopting random-effects models, pooled odds ratios (OR) for risk of non-adherence to antipsychotic medications were calculated comparing: cannabis-users at baseline v. non-users at baseline; non users v. continued cannabis users at follow-up; non-users v. former users at follow-up; former users v. current users.

Results

Fifteen observational studies (n = 3678) were included. Increased risk of non-adherence was observed for cannabis users compared to non-users (OR 2.46, n = 3055). At follow-up, increased risk of non-adherence was observed for current users compared to non-users (OR 5.79, n = 175) and former users (OR 5.5, n = 192), while there was no difference between former users and non-users (OR 1.12, n = 187).

Conclusions

Cannabis use increases the risk of non-adherence and quitting cannabis use may help adherence to antipsychotics. Thus, cannabis use may represent a potential target for intervention to improve medication adherence in those with psychosis.
Tot in Vno Corpore Formae: Hybridity, Ethnicity and Vertumnus in Propertius Book 4
Authors: Lee-Stecum Parshia
Published: February 2017

The opening poem of Propertius Book 4 famously contains a programmatic statement which presents notamor(love or desire)—the staple of Roman elegy through the 20s and into the 10s BCE—as the ruling theme of the collection, but Roman aetiology:Roma, faue, tibi surgit opus, date candida ciuesomina, et inceptis dextera cantet auis!sacra diesque canam et cognomina prisca locorum.(4.1.67-69)Rome, lend your support. This work arises for you. Citizens, grant brightomens—and may the bird of augury sing favourably!Of rites and days I will sing, and of the ancient names of places.

The focus on Roman origins in poem 1 itself specifically involves a comparison between the early history of Rome (the mythic past) and the poet's present (what we have come to know as ‘Augustan’ Rome). This comparison is introduced in the very opening lines of the poem:hoc quodcumque uides, hospes, qua maxima Roma est,ante Phrygem Aenean collis et herba fuit;atque ubi Nauali stant sacra Palatia Phoebo,Euandri profugae procubuere boues.fictilibus creuere deis haec aurea templa,nec fuit opprobrio facta sine arte casa.(4.1.1-6)Whatever you see here, stranger, where now is great Rome,was hills and grassland before the coming of Phrygian Aeneas.Where the Palatine shrine of Naval Phoebus now stands,the cattle of Evander once lay down as refugees.These golden temples grew from clay gods,and there was no shame in an artless dwelling.

Anthropologists and sociologists have demonstrated the vital role which myths of origin, such as the poet here purports to represent, play in the formation, maintenance and expression of ethnicity in many cultures, ancient and modern. A.D. Smith even goes so far as to call such myths thesine qua nonof ethnic identity. It seems reasonable to suggest, then, that the representation of Roman origins projects Roman identity. Indeed, some scholars have recently argued for this in the case of Propertius Book 4. What is more, as I will argue here, Propertius Book 4 accentuates the complexities inherent in the particular picture of Roman identity which Roman myth transmits, and dramatises them in such ways as to challenge the unitariness of that identity at the very moment of its assertion.
The Death of Love in Nonnus' Dionysiaca: The Rapes of Nicaea and Aura
Authors: Hadjittofi Fotini
Published: February 2017

The rapes of Nicaea and Aura, in Books 15-16 and 48 respectively of the Dionysiaca, are two of the most disturbing episodes in Nonnus' epic. The first figures a young huntress who does not hesitate to murder her persistent admirer; the second has another huntress—ex-protegée of Artemis—killing and eating her own offspring. As will become obvious in this section, these two stories have attracted a fair amount of attention from scholars of the Dionysiaca. Most interpretative approaches have, however, tended to look for exclusively ‘classical’ models and influences. While there is no doubt that the Dionysiaca is an immensely learned poem, borrowing from and playing with a great variety of ancient texts, its content cannot be explained with reference to classical intertexts only. My paper asks how these stories would relate to contemporaneous concerns and cultural trends. It will suggest that the rejection of marriage and childbearing, which is evident in these episodes, is informed by Christian ideas on sexuality, and has to be viewed as part of the extensive ‘repackaging’ of classical antiquity to suit new agendas, which is a feature of much contemporary literature.
The Abduction of Helen: A Reappraisal
Authors: Paschalis Michael
Published: February 2017

‘Bad poetry is written daily, and married women seduced; but it is seldom that a seduction becomes as famous as Helen's, or that a poem as bad as Colluthus’ survives for fourteen centuries to be re-edited with all the apparatus of scholarship and equipped with commentary at the rate of a page for every two lines of verse. γᾷ δ' ἐπισκήπτων πιϕαύσκω: Colluthus is one of the very worst ancient poets to have come down to us. His only notion of the art is to arrange in hexameters phrases borrowed from his predecessors, with little sense of their appropriateness or of narrative coherence. It is as if a parrot had learnt to fit his pseudo-speech to the metre of Shakespeare. Colluthus can give delight, but only to a connoisseur of the ludicrous.’ The opening paragraph of Martin West's review of Enrico Livrea's annotated edition of Colluthus may be the most devastating appreciation of The Abduction of Helen ever written. At the other end stands Giuseppe Giangrande's review of the same edition: ‘Colluthus was a poète savant, who delighted in skillfully borrowing, often with felicitous “humour” and “malice”, from his epic models, and who dexterously applied oppositio in imitando within the framework of arte allusiva.’
ESTABLISHING EVIDENCE OF LEARNING IN EXPERIMENTS EMPLOYING ARTIFICIAL LINGUISTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Hamrick Phillip , Sachs Rebecca
Published: February 2017

Artificial linguistic systems (ALSs) offer many potential benefits for second language acquisition (SLA) research. Nonetheless, their use in experiments with posttest-only designs can give rise to internal validity problems depending on the baseline that is employed to establish evidence of learning. Researchers in this area often compare experimental groups’ performance against (a) statistical chance, (b) untrained control groups’ performance, and/or (c) trained control groups’ performance. However, each of these methods can involve unwarranted tacit assumptions, limitations, and challenges from a variety of sources (e.g., preexisting perceptual biases, participants’ fabrication of rules, knowledge gained during the test), any of which might produce systematic response patterns that overlap with the linguistic target even in the absence of learning during training. After illustrating these challenges, we offer some brief recommendations regarding how triangulation and more sophisticated statistical approaches may help researchers to draw more appropriate conclusions going forward.
Divine Diplomacy in the late Eleventh Century
Authors: Morris Rosemary
Published: February 2017

The subject of the XXIV Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies was Byzantine Diplomacy and many of the papers dealt with high-level contacts between Byzantium and other medieval states. But although Byzantines often made use of churchmen and monks as ambassadors and although there was usually a religious dimension to Byzantine diplomacy, it is worth noting that powerful monastic figures and influential houses often engaged in diplomacy on their own account.
’Ephraem the Syrian’s’ θρῆνος τῆς θεοτóκου:What? When? Where? Why?
Authors: Bakker Wim F.
Published: February 2017

The Threnos seu lamentatio sanctissimae Dei genitricis, quae dicitur in sancta et magna Parasceve, since long attributed to Ephraem the Syrian, appears to be a direct translation of the anonymous , published by Manousakas, and thus cannot be Ephraem’s work. The Greek original, based upon troparia in the versus politicus of the fourteenth century, the Akolouthia of Good Friday and the second version of the Acta Pilati, must have been composed around the year 1400. There are strong indications that this text, a sort of amplified stavrotheotokion, has been sung for some time on Good Friday, outside the official service.
Constructing the poet's image in Ritsos's Δώδεκα Пοιήµατα για του Kαβάφη
Authors: Paleou Matrona
Published: February 2017

This article explores the various elements on which Yannis Ritsos based his approach to construct C.P. Cavafy's image in and focuses on his twofold reading, using his predecessor's biography and poetry.

The poem ‘On Form’ clearly depicts the ‘encounter’ between the two poets and provides the guidelines to explore it. The other eleven poems are built up around it and together they stress: (a) the path that brought Ritsos close to Cavafy and the problems generated during this course, (b) the external features that gradually lead deeper to his predecessor's poetics, and (c) the importance of poetic appreciation and the difficulties involved.

The following account, therefore, not only explains why Ritsos dedicated Twelve Poems to Cavafy but also underlines their role in his own oeuvre at that time. Formal features and thematic aspects that characterise Cavafy's poetry are incorporated but also elaborated upon in this collection. The younger poet nevertheless retained his independence, foreshadowing his creative assimilation of Cavafy's poetry in the 1960s.
Anti-Venizelist criticism of Venizelos’ policy during the Balkan Wars (1912-13)
Authors: Christopoulos Marianna
Published: February 2017

Although the Balkan Wars are regarded as a defining moment in modern Greek history that led to the expansion of Greek territory, they also constitute an important chapter in the history of internal Greek politics: the Greek prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos consolidated his position as the country’s most competent politician; the Palace, at the head of the victorious Greek army, regained much of its lost prestige after the unsuccessful Greco-Turkish war of 1897; and most importantly, the old parties began to function as a united front against Venizelos. This reaction was majorly triggered by Venizelos’ handling of the country’s foreign affairs in 1912-13. The anti-Venizelists’ rhetoric against Venizelos diplomacy invested heavily in tradition and the role of the king and was a harbinger of the national schism of 1915-16.
A tale of two courses: the Courtauld
Institute of Art case study of building the book
collection to new subjects
Authors: Kontou Vicky
Published: February 2017

In 2011 the Courtauld Institute of Art was
awarded funding for two new MA subjects looking to
Asian art, in addition to its strengths studying
art produced in the western tradition. The library
was called on to build its collection around the
new subjects to support the students in their
studies. What selections tools and strategies have
been used and what problems has the library
encountered along the way? The new subjects are
outlined and the library’s approach is discussed.
Lessons were learned from the past and the library
is about to embark in a new phase in its
collecting history.
The Tworkov revival: An online catalogue raisonné
Authors: Andrew Jason
Published: February 2017

Launched at the end of 2012, the catalogue raisonné of American Abstract Expressionist painter Jack Tworkov, represents a major effort in preserving and promoting the legacy of the artist. This article describes the collaboration between the Tworkov Estate and panopticon, the software engineers who have developed an innovative web-based content management system specifically designed to catalogue cultural objects. The result of that collaboration is the first free online catalogue raisonné available to the public.
RKD Explore: searching for art-historical information in the 21st Century
Authors: Koot Roman
Published: February 2017

In 2014 the RKD launched RKD Explore, a new interface for searching the collection databases. This state-of-the-art search engine provides a multitude of search possibilities. And although most of the art-historical information is still in analogue form in The Hague, RKD Explore lets users really explore the richness of the ever-growing digital content of the databases.
The Impact of AuSSI-WA at a Primary School
Authors: Lewis Elaine , Baudains Catherine , Mansfield Caroline
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the findings of the first stage of research on the impact of the Australian Sustainable Schools Initiative (AuSSI) at an independent primary school in Western Australia. A longitudinal (20 year) case study is being conducted, utilising data related to Education for Sustainability (EfS) at the school from 1990-2009. 2005 was a critical year for the school because it marked the beginning of participation in the Sustainable Schools Initiative pilot in Western Australia (AuSSI-WA). The research investigates elements of EfS in operation at the school pre- and post- AuSSI-WA, as well as student and teacher outcomes after involvement in the Initiative. An analysis of the initial data suggests that participation in AuSSI-WA enabled the school to engage with a growing commitment to EfS in the context of a whole - school approach.
Constructing Industrial Order in the Center of the American Economy: How Electoral Competition and Social Collaboration Evolved in Twentieth-Century New York
Authors: Amberg Stephen
Published: February 2017

Comparative studies of capitalist political economies have settled on a new understanding of how historical choices about electoral rules were constitutive of the current varieties of capitalism that are distinguished by their strategies of growth and adjustment to competitive conditions. The countries that have “coordinated market economies” typically have well-organized unions and employers with distinct partisan representation under multiparty electoral rules, and they have more egalitarian outcomes. The countries that have “liberal market economies” have arms-length market-based relationships under the plurality rule that are more conflictual, and they have inegalitarian outcomes. This article develops the analysis of electoral rules and industrial order by taking another look at the United States, which has always been taken as a case of plurality and liberal market economy. In contrast, New York had multiparty politics for most of the twentieth century, in part because of its cross-endorsement fusion rule of nominations. This article argues that fusion operated in a similar way to proportional representation to enable labor–management collaboration and social regulation. Collaboration in New York City was a constitutive element of the New Deal's laboristic politics. The later disruption of this American version of coordination transformed the U.S. political economy into a liberal market economy.
Microzooplankton composition in the winter sea ice of the Weddell Sea
Authors: Monti-Birkenmeier Marina , Diociaiuti Tommaso , Umani Serena Fonda , Meyer Bettina
Published: February 2017

Sympagic microzooplankton were studied during late winter in the northern Weddell Sea for diversity, abundance and carbon biomass. Ice cores were collected on an ice floe along three dive transects and seawater was taken from under the ice through the central dive hole from which all transects were connected. The areal and vertical microzooplankton distributions in the ice and water were compared. Abundance (max. 1300 ind. l-1) and biomass (max. 28.2 µg C l-1) were high in the ice cores and low in the water below the sea ice (max. 19 ind. l-1, 0.15 µg C l-1, respectively). The highest abundances were observed in the bottom 10 cm of the ice cores. The microzooplankton community within the sea ice comprised mainly aloricate ciliates, foraminifers and micrometazoans. In winter, microzooplankton represent an important fraction of the sympagic community in the Antarctic sea ice. They can potentially control microalgal production and contribute to particulate organic carbon concentrations when released into the water column during the ice melt in spring. Continued reduction of the sea ice may undermine the roles of microzooplankton, leading to a reduction or complete loss of diversity, abundance and biomass of these sympagic protists.
Advancing the Curriculum for Young People who have an Intellectual Disability. Advocacy in Health: A Pilot Study
Authors: Carrington Suzanne , Lennox Nick
Published: February 2017

This article reports on the pilot work for a collaborative National Health and Medical Research Council project in Australia involving education and health professionals to improve the health and well-being of young people who have an intellectual disability. The pilot study was a qualitative exploration of teacher experiences using a health diary as part of the special education curriculum over a six-month period. The research questions were: (1) How did teachers include health-related matters in the curriculum before use of the Ask Health Diary?; and (2) How did teachers and students use the Ask Health Diary as a component of the school curriculum and what were the benefits? The Ask Health Diary was used to introduce students to the concept of self-advocacy in relation to their health needs and provide practical strategies for supporting students’ learning about self-advocacy in relation to their health. The reported data indicates that the Ask Health Diary was a popular resource for students and teachers and raised awareness of the importance of developing the communication skills and independent living abilities necessary for young people to advocate for their own health needs. The pilot study indicates that there is merit in including the diary in a health-based school curriculum for adolescents who have an intellectual disability.
SWAG: Survey of Water and Ammonia in the Galactic Center
Authors: Ott Jürgen , Meier David S. , Krieger Nico , Rickert Matthew ,   the SWAG team
Published: February 2017

SWAG (“Survey of Water and Ammonia in the Galactic Center”) is a multi-line interferometric survey toward the Center of the Milky Way conducted with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The survey region spans the entire ~400 pc Central Molecular Zone and comprises ~42 spectral lines at pc spatial and sub-km/s spectral resolution. In addition, we deeply map continuum intensity, spectral index, and polarization at the frequencies where synchrotron, free-free, and thermal dust sources emit. The observed spectral lines include many transitions of ammonia, which we use to construct maps of molecular gas temperature, opacity and gas formation temperature (see poster by Nico Krieger et al., this volume). Water masers pinpoint the sites of active star formation and other lines are good tracers for density, radiation field, shocks, and ionization. This extremely rich survey forms a perfect basis to construct maps of the physical parameters of the gas in this extreme environment.
Dark Matter and the Galactic Center
Authors: Bergstrom Lars
Published: February 2017

The question of the identity of dark matter is one of the most outstanding enigmas of contemporary cosmology and particle astrophysics. An overview is given of the subject, a brief history, some proposed particle candidates, and the several methods now available for finally solving this difficult problem. The galactic center is one of the most interesting places for the dark matter search using γ-rays, but also one that has challenging, maybe confusing, other sources of GeV-scale radiation.
Temperature Evolution of Molecular Clouds in the Central Molecular Zone
Authors: Krieger Nico , Ott Jürgen , Walter Fabian , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Beuther Henrik ,   the SWAG team
Published: February 2017

We infer the absolute time dependence of kinematic gas temperature along a proposed orbit of molecular clouds in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galactic Center (GC). Ammonia gas temperature maps are one of the results of the “Survey of Water and Ammonia in the Galactic Center” (SWAG, PI: J. Ott); the dynamical model of molecular clouds in the CMZ was taken from Kruijssen et al. (2015). We find that gas temperatures increase as a function of time in both regimes before and after the cloud passes pericenter on its orbit in the GC potential. This is consistent with the recent proposal that pericenter passage triggers gravitational collapse. Other investigated quantities (line width, column density, opacity) show no strong sign of time dependence but are likely dominated by cloud-to-cloud variations.
Millisecond Pulsars in the Galactic Bulge? An Extended Discussion on the Wavelet Analysis of the Fermi-LAT data
Authors: Bartels Richard , Weniger Christoph
Published: February 2017

A clear excess in the Fermi-LAT data is present at energies around a few GeV. The spectrum of this so-called ’GeV excess’ is remarkably similar to the expected annihilation signal of WIMP dark matter. However, a large bulge population of millisecond pulsars living below the Fermi–LAT detection threshold could also explain the excess spectrum. In a recent work we optimized the search for sub-threshold sources, by applying a wavelet transform to the Fermi–LAT gamma-ray data. In the Inner-Galaxy the wavelet signal is significantly enhanced, providing supportive evidence for the point source interpretation of the excess. In these proceedings we will extent our previous work with a spectral analysis and elaborate on the potential contamination from substructures in the gas.
Clump formation through colliding stellar winds in the Galactic Centre
Authors: Calderón D. , Cuadra J. , Ballone A. , Schartmann M. , Burkert A. , Prieto J. , Gillessen S.
Published: February 2017

We study the process of clump formation from hydrodynamic instabilities in stellar wind collisions, using analytical and numerical techniques. We show that the cloud G2 in the Galactic Centre could have been formed in this way, with the most promising sources being compact massive binaries, such as IRS 16SW.
Hitomi X-ray Astronomy Satellite: Power of High-Resolution Spectroscopy
Authors: Odaka Hirokazu ,   the Hitomi Collaboration
Published: February 2017

Hitomi (ASTRO-H) is an X-ray observatory developed by an international collaboration led by JAXA. An X-ray microcalorimeter onboard this satellite has opened a new window of high-resolution spectroscopy with an unprecedented energy resolution of 5 eV (FWHM) at 6 keV. The spacecraft was launched on February 17, 2016 from Tanegashima Island, Japan, and we completed initial operations including deployment of the hard X-ray imagers on the extensible optical bench. All scientific instruments had successfully worked until the sudden loss of the mission on March 26. We have obtained a spectrum showing fully resolved emission lines through the first-light observation of the Perseus Cluster. The line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 164 ± 10 km s−1 reveals the quiescent environment of intracluster medium at the cluster core, implying that measured cluster mass requires little correction for the turbulent pressure. We also discuss observations to the Galactic Center which could be performed with Hitomi.
Deeply Embedded Protostellar Population in the Central Molecular Zone Suggested by H2O Masers and Dense Cores
Authors: Lu Xing , Zhang Qizhou , Kauffmann Jens , Pillai Thushara , Longmore Steven N. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Battersby Cara
Published: February 2017

The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ), usually referring to the inner 500 pc of the Galaxy, contains a dozen of massive (~105M⊙) molecular clouds. Are these clouds going to actively form stars like Sgr B2? How are they affected by the extreme physical conditions in the CMZ, such as strong turbulence? Here we present a first step towards answering these questions. Using high-sensitivity, high angular resolution radio and (sub)millimeter observations, we studied deeply embedded star formation in six massive clouds in the CMZ, including the 20 and 50 km s−1 clouds, Sgr B1 off (as known as dust ridge clouds e/f), Sgr C, Sgr D, and G0.253 – 0.016. The VLA water maser observations suggest a population of deeply embedded protostellar candidates, many of which are new detections. The SMA 1.3 mm continuum observations reveal peaks in dust emission associated with the masers, suggesting the existence of dense cores. While our findings confirm that clouds such as G0.253 – 0.016 lack internal compact substructures and are quiescent in terms of star formation, two clouds (the 20 km s−1 cloud and Sgr C) stand out with clusters of water masers with associated dense cores which may suggest a population of deeply embedded protostars at early evolutionary phases. Follow-up observations with VLA and ALMA are necessary to confirm their protostellar nature.
Statistical Challenges in fitting stellar orbits around the super-massive black hole at the Galactic center
Authors: Martinez Gregory D. , Kosmo Kelly , Hees Aurelien , Ahn Joseph , Ghez Andrea
Published: February 2017

Over two decades of astrometric and radial velocity data of short period stars at the Galactic center has the potential to provide unprecedented tests of General Relativity and insight into the astrophysics of the super-massive black hole. Fundamental to this is understanding the underlying statistical issues of fitting stellar orbits. Unintended prior effects can obscure actual physical effects from General Relativity and underlying extended mass distribution. At the heart of this is dealing with large parameter spaces inherent to multi-star fitting and ensuring acceptable coverage properties of the resulting confidence intervals in the Bayesian framework. This proceeding will detail some of the UCLA group's analysis and work in addressing these statistical issues.
Advances from Recent Multi-wavelength Campaigns on Sgr A*
Authors: Haggard Daryl
Published: February 2017

Sagittarius A* is the closest example of a supermassive black hole and our proximity allows us to detect emission from its accretion flow in the radio, submillimeter, near IR, and X-ray regimes. Ambitious monitoring campaigns have yielded rich multi-wavelength, time-resolved data that have the power to probe the physical processes underlying Sgr A*’s quiescent and flare emission. Here, I review the status of Sgr A* X-ray monitoring campaigns from the Chandra X-ray Observatory (also XMM Newton, and Swift), and efforts to coordinate these with observations across the electromagnetic spectrum. I also discuss how these observations constrain models for Sgr A*’s variability, which range from tidal disruption of asteroids to gravitational lensing to collimated outflows to magnetic reconnection.
Molecular and ionized gas kinematics in the GC Radio Arc
Authors: Butterfield N. , Lang C.C. , Mills E. A. C. , Ludovici D. , Ott J. , Morris M. R.
Published: February 2017

We present NH3 and H64α+H63α VLA observations of the Radio Arc region, including the M0.20 – 0.033 and G0.10 – 0.08 molecular clouds. These observations suggest the two velocity components of M0.20 – 0.033 are physically connected in the south. Additional ATCA observations suggest this connection is due to an expanding shell in the molecular gas, with the centroid located near the Quintuplet cluster. The G0.10 – 0.08 molecular cloud has little radio continuum, strong molecular emission, and abundant CH3OH masers, similar to a nearby molecular cloud with no star formation: M0.25+0.01. These features detected in G0.10 – 0.08 suggest dense molecular gas with no signs of current star formation.
A Brief Update on the CMZoom Survey
Authors: Battersby C. , Keto E. , Zhang Q. , Longmore S.N. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Pillai T. , Kauffmann J. , Walker D. , Lu X. , Ginsburg A. , Bally J. , Mills E.A.C. , Henshaw J. , Immer K. , Patel N. , Tolls V. , Walsh A. , Johnston K. , Ho L. C.
Published: February 2017

The inner few hundred parsecs of the Milky Way, the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ), is our closest laboratory for understanding star formation in the extreme environments (hot, dense, turbulent gas) that once dominated the universe. We present an update on the first large-area survey to expose the sites of star formation across the CMZ at high-resolution in submillimeter wavelengths: the CMZoom survey with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). We identify the locations of dense cores and search for signatures of embedded star formation. CMZoom is a three-year survey in its final year and is mapping out the highest column density regions of the CMZ in dust continuum and a variety of spectral lines around 1.3 mm. CMZoom combines SMA compact and subcompact configurations with single-dish data from BGPS and the APEX telescope, achieving an angular resolution of about 4″ (0.2 pc) and good image fidelity up to large spatial scales.
The link between solenoidal turbulence and slow star formation in G0.253+0.016
Authors: Federrath C. , Rathborne J. M. , Longmore S. N. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Bally J. , Contreras Y. , Crocker R. M. , Garay G. , Jackson J. M. , Testi L. , Walsh A. J.
Published: February 2017

Star formation in the Galactic disc is primarily controlled by gravity, turbulence, and magnetic fields. It is not clear that this also applies to star formation near the Galactic Centre. Here we determine the turbulence and star formation in the CMZ cloud G0.253+0.016. Using maps of 3 mm dust emission and HNCO intensity-weighted velocity obtained with ALMA, we measure the volume-density variance σρ /ρ 0=1.3±0.5 and turbulent Mach number $\mathcal{M}$ = 11±3. Combining these with turbulence simulations to constrain the plasma β = 0.34±0.35, we reconstruct the turbulence driving parameter b=0.22±0.12 in G0.253+0.016. This low value of b indicates solenoidal (divergence-free) driving of the turbulence in G0.253+0.016. By contrast, typical clouds in the Milky Way disc and spiral arms have a significant compressive (curl-free) driving component (b > 0.4). We speculate that shear causes the solenoidal driving in G0.253+0.016 and show that this may reduce the star formation rate by a factor of 7 compared to nearby clouds.
Possible Detection of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations from Sgr A* at 43 GHz
Authors: Iwata Yuhei , Oka Tomoharu , Miyoshi Makoto
Published: February 2017

Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are believed to be indirect evidence for black holes. Several authors have reported detections of QPOs from Sgr A*, the nucleus of our Galaxy, in infrared and X-ray wavelength during flare-ups. Miyoshi et al. (2011) reported a tentative detection of QPOs in the 43 GHz light curve of Sgr A* obtained with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). To confirm their detection, we reanalysed their VLBA data very conservatively. The 43 GHz flux was calculated for every 15 seconds by assuming a two-dimensional Gaussian-shape spatial structure. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram of the 43 GHz flux just after a millimeter wave flare of Sgr A*, shows three apparent peaks at 10.2, 14.6 and 32.1 min. Two of them are barely consistent with the previously reported QPOs. Using the resonant oscillation model, we estimated the spin parameter of the Sgr A* black hole to be 0.56 assuming the mass of 4.3 × 106M⊙.
Thousands of Stellar SiO masers in the Galactic center: The Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamic Evolution (BAaDE) survey
Authors: Sjouwerman Loránt O. , Pihlström Ylva M. , Rich R. Michael , Morris Mark R. , Claussen Mark J
Published: February 2017

A radio survey of red giant SiO sources in the inner Galaxy and bulge is not hindered by extinction. Accurate stellar velocities (<1 km/s) are obtained with minimal observing time (<1 min) per source. Detecting over 20,000 SiO maser sources yields data comparable to optical surveys with the additional strength of a much more thorough coverage of the highly obscured inner Galaxy. Modeling of such a large sample would reveal dynamical structures and minority populations; the velocity structure can be compared to kinematic structures seen in molecular gas, complex orbit structure in the bar, or stellar streams resulting from recently infallen systems. Our Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamic Evolution (BAaDE) survey yields bright SiO masers suitable for follow-up Galactic orbit and parallax determination using VLBI.

Here we outline our early VLA observations at 43 GHz in the northern bulge and Galactic plane (0<l°<250), and ALMA observations at 86 GHz in the southern bulge (250<l°<360). We report a preliminary overall 70% detection rate in our color-selected MSX sources.
Time Evolution of the Giant Molecular Cloud Mass Functions across Galactic Disks
Authors: Kobayashi Masato I. N. , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Hasegawa Kenji
Published: February 2017

We formulate and conduct the time-integration of time evolution equation for the giant molecular cloud mass function (GMCMF) including the cloud-cloud collision (CCC) effect. Our results show that the CCC effect is only limited in the massive-end of the GMCMF and indicate that future high resolution and sensitivity radio observations may constrain giant molecular cloud (GMC) timescales by observing the GMCMF slope in the lower mass regime.
Investigating Magnetic Activity in the Galactic Centre by Global MHD Simulation
Authors: Suzuki Takeru K. , Fukui Yasuo , Torii Kazufumi , Machida Mami , Matsumoto Ryoji , Kakiuchi Kensuke
Published: February 2017

By performing a global magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulation for the Milky Way with an axisymmetric gravitational potential, we propose that spatially dependent amplification of magnetic fields possibly explains the observed noncircular motion of the gas in the Galactic centre (GC) region. The radial distribution of the rotation frequency in the bulge region is not monotonic in general. The amplification of the magnetic field is enhanced in regions with stronger differential rotation, because magnetorotational instability and field-line stretching are more effective. The strength of the amplified magnetic field reaches ≳ 0.5 mG, and radial flows of the gas are excited by the inhomogeneous transport of angular momentum through turbulent magnetic field that is amplified in a spatially dependent manner. As a result, the simulated position-velocity diagram exhibits a time-dependent asymmetric parallelogram-shape owing to the intermittency of the magnetic turbulence; the present model provides a viable alternative to the bar-potential-driven model for the parallelogram shape of the central molecular zone. In addition, Parker instability (magnetic buoyancy) creates vertical magnetic structure, which would correspond to observed molecular loops, and frequently excited vertical flows. Furthermore, the time-averaged net gas flow is directed outward, whereas the flows are highly time dependent, which would contribute to the outflow from the bulge.