bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seawater desalination concentrate—a new frontier for sustainable mining of valuable minerals
Authors: Sharkh Basel Abu , Al-Amoudi Ahmad A. , Farooque Mohammed , Fellows Christopher M. , Ihm Seungwon , Lee Sangho , Li Sheng , Voutchkov Nikolay
Published: March 2022

The ocean has often been announced as a sustainable source of important materials for civilization. Application of the same extraction processes to desalination concentrate, rather than to unconcentrated seawater, will necessarily be more energetically favorable, so the expansion of seawater desalination in recent decades brings this dream closer to reality. However, there is relatively little concrete commercial development of ‘concentrate mining’. This review assesses the technical and economic prospects for utilization of commercially viable products from seawater. The most important technologies for economic use of products from desalination plant concentrate are technologies for more economic separation and technologies for more economic concentration. The most promising separation technologies are those, such as nanofiltration, which separate brine into streams enriched/depleted in entire classes of constituents with minimal input of energy and reagents. Concentration is becoming more economic due to rapid advances in Osmotically-Assisted RO technology. Despite very active research on many aspects of desalination concentrate utilization, it is likely that commercial development of the non-NaCl components of desalination brine will depend on the available market for NaCl, as the challenges and costs of extracting the other mineral components from bitterns in which they are highly enriched are so much less than those faced in direct treatment of brines.
Experimental photonic quantum memristor
Authors: Spagnolo Michele , Morris Joshua , Piacentini Simone , Antesberger Michael , Massa Francesco , Crespi Andrea , Ceccarelli Francesco , Osellame Roberto , Walther Philip
Published: March 2022

Memristive devices are a class of physical systems with history-dependent dynamics characterized by signature hysteresis loops in their input–output relations. In the past few decades, memristive devices have attracted enormous interest in electronics. This is because memristive dynamics is very pervasive in nanoscale devices, and has potentially groundbreaking applications ranging from energy-efficient memories to physical neural networks and neuromorphic computing platforms. Recently, the concept of a quantum memristor was introduced by a few proposals, all of which face limited technological practicality. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel quantum-optical memristor (based on integrated photonics) that acts on single-photon states. We fully characterize the memristive dynamics of our device and tomographically reconstruct its quantum output state. Finally, we propose a possible application of our device in the framework of quantum machine learning through a scheme of quantum reservoir computing, which we apply to classical and quantum learning tasks. Our simulations show promising results, and may break new ground towards the use of quantum memristors in quantum neuromorphic architectures.
A portrait of obstructive sleep apnea risk factors in 27,210 middle-aged and older adults in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Thompson Cynthia , Legault Julie , Moullec Gregory , Baltzan Marc , Cross Nathan , Dang-Vu Thien Thanh , Martineau-Dussault Marie-Ève , Hanly Patrick , Ayas Najib , Lorrain Dominique , Einstein Gillian , Carrier Julie , Gosselin Nadia
Published: March 2022

Determining the prevalence and characteristics of individuals susceptible to present with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is essential for developing targeted and efficient prevention and screening strategies. We included 27,210 participants aged ≥45 years old (50.3% women) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Using the STOP questionnaire combined to the percentage of body fat (%BF), we estimated the prevalence of individuals at high-risk for OSA in a sex and age-specific manner, and tested the relation with comorbidities, menopause and systemic inflammation. The prevalence was 17.5%, and was lower in women (13.1%) than in men (21.9%). A high level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was the strongest factor associated with OSA risk and this association was 1.3–2.3 times higher in women than in men. OSA risk increased with age, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, anxio-depressive symptoms, asthma and arthritis. In women, post-menopausal status was associated with a high OSA risk. Nearly 1 adult out of 5 older than 45 is at risk for OSA in Canada. Comorbidities, menopause and systemic inflammation, more than age, explain increased OSA prevalence. Considering this high prevalence and associations with medical and mental comorbidities, health care practitioners should incorporate systematic OSA screening in their clinical procedures.
Temporal dynamics from phosphoproteomics using endoscopic biopsy specimens provides new therapeutic targets in stage IV gastric cancer
Authors: Hirano Hidekazu , Abe Yuichi , Nojima Yosui , Aoki Masahiko , Shoji Hirokazu , Isoyama Junko , Honda Kazufumi , Boku Narikazu , Mizuguchi Kenji , Tomonaga Takeshi , Adachi Jun
Published: March 2022

Phosphoproteomic analysis expands our understanding of cancer biology. However, the feasibility of phosphoproteomic analysis using endoscopically collected tumor samples, especially with regards to dynamic changes upon drug treatment, remains unknown in stage IV gastric cancer. Here, we conducted a phosphoproteomic analysis using paired endoscopic biopsy specimens of pre- and post-treatment tumors (Ts) and non-tumor adjacent tissues (NATs) obtained from 4 HER2-positive gastric cancer patients who received trastuzumab-based treatment and from pre-treatment Ts and NATs of 4 HER2-negative gastric cancer patients. Our analysis identified 14,622 class 1 phosphosites with 12,749 quantified phosphosites and revealed molecular changes by HER2 positivity and treatment. An inhibitory signature of the ErbB signaling was observed in the post-treatment HER2-positive T group compared with the pre-treatment HER2-positive T group. Phosphoproteomic profiles obtained by a case-by-case review using paired pre- and post-treatment HER2-positive T could be utilized to discover predictive or resistant biomarkers. Furthermore, these data nominated therapeutic kinase targets which were exclusively activated in the patient unresponded to the treatment. The present study suggests that a phosphoproteomic analysis of endoscopic biopsy specimens provides information on dynamic molecular changes which can individually characterize biologic features upon drug treatment and identify therapeutic targets in stage IV gastric cancer.
Shear creep mechanical properties and damage model of mudstone in open-pit coal mine
Authors: Li Guanghe , Wang Yanting , Hu Yiming , Wang Dong , Yang Xiaoxu , Li Yanfei , Zhou Zhiwei , Zhang Shipeng
Published: March 2022

Clarifying the shear creep characteristics of rock and scientifically analyzing its creep deformation law is the key to solving the problem of safe construction and long-term stability analysis of the open-pit coal slope rock mass. Shear creep tests were carried out on mudstone from an open-pit coal mine in Eastern Mongolia to reveal the creep characteristics of mudstone under different normal and shear stresses. Based on the classical Nishihara model, a new composite six-element nonlinear shear creep damage model is established by introducing nonlinear elastomers. Using the least square method, model verification and parameter identification are carried out on the variable test data. At the same time, the influence law of the model parameters on the rock creep deformation is analyzed according to the theoretical curve. The study results showed that the nonlinear shear creeps damage model could better describe the creep characteristics of rock different normal stress and shear stress levels, significantly the non-linear both the strain and time of attenuation creep and accelerated creep. The creep characteristics of the accelerated creep stage described by this model are better than those described by the classical Nishihara model. The model curve is consistent with the changing trend of the experimental data, and the degree of agreement is very high. The correlation coefficients are all above 0.98, which verifies the accuracy and rationality of the model. The influence law of creep parameters is analyzed. The parameters b and c increase nonlinearly with creep. The increase of λ accelerates the process of rock attenuation creep stage; the increase of η10 slows down the progress of rock decay creep stage; with the increase of α, the deformation and creep rate of rock in accelerated creep stage gradually increase. When η2 increases, the deformation in the acceleration stage decreases gradually. The research results can provide important theoretical support for the safe construction and long-term stability analysis of open-pit coal slope rock masses.
Cortical activation during cooperative joint actions and competition in children with and without an autism spectrum condition (ASC): an fNIRS study
Authors: Su Wan-Chun , Culotta McKenzie , Tsuzuki Daisuke , Bhat Anjana
Published: March 2022

Children with an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) have social communication and perceptuomotor difficulties that affect their ability to engage in dyadic play. In this study, we compared spatio-temporal errors and fNIRS-related cortical activation between children with and without an ASC during a Lincoln Log dyadic game requiring them to play leader or follower roles, move in synchrony or while taking turns, and move cooperatively or competitively with an adult partner. Children with an ASC had greater motor, planning, and spatial errors and took longer to complete the building tasks compared to typically developing (TD) children. Children with an ASC had lower superior temporal sulcus (STS) activation during Turn-take and Compete, and greater Inferior Parietal Lobe (IPL) activation during Lead and Turn-take compared to TD children. As dyadic play demands increased, TD children showed greater STS activation during Turn-take (vs. Synchrony) and Compete (vs. Cooperate) whereas children with an ASC showed greater IPL activation during Lead and Compete (vs. Cooperate). Our findings suggest that children with an ASC rely on self-generated action plans (i.e., increased IPL activation) more than relying on their partner’s action cues (i.e., reduced STS activation) when engaging in dyadic play including joint actions and competition.
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of phenanthrene on physiological performance of Chlorella vulgaris and Skeletonema costatum
Authors: Jiang Lele , Pan Yueqiang , Zhu Shaoting , Qiu Jingmin , Shang Yu , Xu Juntian , Li Futian , Wang Hongbin
Published: March 2022

The effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on phytoplankton have been extensively documented, but there is limited knowledge about the physiological responses of marine primary producers to phenanthrene at environmentally relevant levels. Here, we investigated the toxicity of phenanthrene (0, 1, and 5 or 10 μg L−1) to the physiological performance of two cosmopolitan phytoplankton species: the green alga Chlorella vulgaris and bloom-forming diatom Skeletonema costatum. The specific growth rates of both species were remarkably inhibited at both low (1 μg L−1) and high phenanthrene concentrations (5 or 10 μg L−1), while their tolerance to phenanthrene differed. At the highest phenanthrene concentration (10 μg L−1), the growth of C. vulgaris was inhibited by 69%, and no growth was observed for S. costatum cells. The superoxide dismutase activity of both species was enhanced at high phenanthrene concentration, and increased activity of catalase was only observed at high phenanthrene concentration in C. vulgaris. Interestingly, the low phenanthrene concentration stimulated the photosynthetic and relative electron transport rates of S. costatum, whereas hormetic effects were not found for growth. Based on our results, phenanthrene could be detrimental to these two species at a environmentally relevant level, while different tolerance levels were detected.
Expression of cardiovascular-related microRNAs is altered in L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficient mice
Authors: Jensen Märit , Müller Christian , Hübner Norbert , Patone Giannino , Saar Kathrin , Choe Chi-un , Schwedhelm Edzard , Zeller Tanja
Published: March 2022

In humans and mice, L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and its metabolites homoarginine (hArg) and creatine have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), specifically myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). The underlying molecular and regulatory mechanisms, however, remain unclear. To identify potential pathways of cardiac AGAT metabolism, we sequenced microRNA (miRNA) in left ventricles of wild-type (wt) compared to AGAT-deficient (AGAT-/-) mice. Using literature search and validation by qPCR, we identified eight significantly regulated miRNAs in AGAT-/- mice linked to atherosclerosis, MI and HF: miR-30b, miR-31, miR-130a, miR-135a, miR-148a, miR-204, miR-298, and let-7i. Analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data confirmed deregulation of these miRNAs in mouse models of MI and HF. Quantification of miRNA expression by qPCR in AGAT-/- mice supplemented with creatine or hArg revealed that miR-30b, miR-31, miR-130a, miR-148a, and miR-204 were regulated by creatine, while miR-135a and miR-298 showed a trend of regulation by hArg. Finally, bioinformatics-based target prediction showed that numerous AGAT-dependent genes previously linked to CVD are likely to be regulated by the identified miRNAs. Taken together, AGAT deficiency and hArg/creatine supplementation are associated with cardiac miRNA expression which may influence cardiac (dys)function and CVD.
Tracing the invasion of a leaf-mining moth in the Palearctic through DNA barcoding of historical herbaria
Authors: Kirichenko Natalia I. , Zakharov Evgeny V. , Lopez-Vaamonde Carlos
Published: March 2022

The lime leaf-miner, Phyllonorycter issikii is an invasive micromoth with an unusually higher number of haplotypes in the invaded area (Europe, Western Siberia) compared to its putative native region (East Asia). The origin of the genetic diversity in the neocolonized region remains unclear. We surveyed over 15 thousand herbarium specimens of lime trees (Tilia spp.) collected across the Palearctic over a period of 252 years (1764–2016) looking for preserved larvae within the archival leaf mines. We found 203 herbarium specimens with leaf mines of Ph. issikii collected in East Asia, one of them dating back to 1830, i.e. 133 years before the description of the species. In contrast, only 22 herbarium specimens collected in the West Palearctic in the last three decades (1987–2015) carried leaf mines. DNA barcoding of archival specimens revealed 32 haplotypes out of which 23 were novel (not known from modern populations) and found exclusively in East Asia. Six haplotypes are shared between both native and invaded areas and only two were responsible for the recent invasion of the Western Palearctic. The remarkable number of newly discovered haplotypes in archival populations supports East Asia as the native region and the source area of invasion.
Different controls on the Hg spikes linked the two pulses of the Late Ordovician mass extinction in South China
Authors: Qiu Zhen , Wei Hengye , Tian Li , Corso Jacopo Dal , Zhang Jiaqiang , Zou Caineng
Published: March 2022

The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME, ca. 445 Ma; Hirnantian stage) is the second most severe biological crisis of the entire Phanerozoic. The LOME has been subdivided into two pulses (intervals), at the beginning and the ending of the Hirnantian glaciation, the LOMEI-1 and LOMEI-2, respectively. Although most studies suggest a rapid cooling and/or oceanic euxinia as major causes for this mass extinction, the driver of these environmental changes is still debated. As other Phanerozoic’s mass extinctions, extensive volcanism may have been the potential trigger of the Hirnantian glaciation. Indirect evidence of intense volcanism comes from Hg geochemistry: peaks of Hg concentrations have been found before and during the LOME, and have all been attributed to global volcanism in origin. Here, we present high-resolution mercury (Hg) profiles in three study sections, from a shelf to slope transect, on the Yangtze Shelf Sea (South China) to address the origin of Hg anomalies across the Ordovician–Silurian (O–S) boundary. The results show Hg anomaly enrichments in the middle Katian, late Katian, the LOMEI-1 at the beginning of the Hirnantian glaciation, the LOMEI-2 in the late Hirnantian glaciation, and late Rhuddanian. The Hg anomaly enrichments during the middle–late Katian and late Rhuddanian would probably reflect a volcanic origin. We find two different controls on the recorded Hg anomalies during the extinction time: i.e., primarily volcanism for the Hg anomaly at the LOMEI-1 and euxinia for the Hg anomaly at the LOMEI-2. Expansion of euxinia at the LOMEI-1 would have been probably enhanced by volcanic fertilization via weathering of volcanic deposits during the Middle and late Katian, and combined with euxinia at the LOMEI-2 to finally be responsible for the two pulses of the LOME.
AXL inhibition improves BRAF-targeted treatment in melanoma
Authors: Nyakas Marta , Fleten Karianne Giller , Haugen Mads Haugland , Engedal Nikolai , Sveen Christina , Farstad Inger Nina , Flørenes Vivi Ann , Prasmickaite Lina , Mælandsmo Gunhild Mari , Seip Kotryna
Published: March 2022

More than half of metastatic melanoma patients receiving standard therapy fail to achieve a long-term survival due to primary and/or acquired resistance. Tumor cell ability to switch from epithelial to a more aggressive mesenchymal phenotype, attributed with AXLhigh molecular profile in melanoma, has been recently linked to such event, limiting treatment efficacy. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the AXL inhibitor (AXLi) BGB324 alone or in combination with the clinically relevant BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) vemurafenib. Firstly, AXL was shown to be expressed in majority of melanoma lymph node metastases. When treated ex vivo, the largest reduction in cell viability was observed when the two drugs were combined. In addition, a therapeutic benefit of adding AXLi to the BRAF-targeted therapy was observed in pre-clinical AXLhigh melanoma models in vitro and in vivo. When searching for mechanistic insights, AXLi was found to potentiate BRAFi-induced apoptosis, stimulate ferroptosis and inhibit autophagy. Altogether, our findings propose AXLi as a promising treatment in combination with standard therapy to improve therapeutic outcome in metastatic melanoma.
Scientific success from the perspective of the strength of weak ties
Authors: Fronczak Agata , Mrowinski Maciej J. , Fronczak Piotr
Published: March 2022

We present the first complete verification of Granovetter’s theory of social networks using a massive dataset, i.e. DBLP computer science bibliography database. For this purpose, we study a coauthorship network, which is considered one of the most important examples that contradicts the universality of this theory. We achieve this goal by rejecting the assumption of the symmetry of social ties. Our approach is grounded in well-established heterogeneous (degree-based) mean-field theory commonly used to study dynamical processes on complex networks. Granovetter’s theory is based on two hypotheses that assign different roles to interpersonal, information-carrying connections. The first hypothesis states that strong ties carrying the majority of interaction events are located mainly within densely connected groups of people. The second hypothesis maintains that these groups are connected by sparse weak ties that are of vital importance for the diffusion of information—individuals who have access to weak ties have an advantage over those who do not. Given the scientific collaboration network, with strength of directed ties measured by the asymmetric fraction of joint publications, we show that scientific success is strongly correlated with the structure of a scientist’s collaboration network. First, among two scientists, with analogous achievements, the one with weaker ties tends to have the higher h-index, and second, teams connected by such ties create more cited publications.
Generation of microbial colonies dataset with deep learning style transfer
Authors: Pawłowski Jarosław , Majchrowska Sylwia , Golan Tomasz
Published: March 2022

We introduce an effective strategy to generate an annotated synthetic dataset of microbiological images of Petri dishes that can be used to train deep learning models in a fully supervised fashion. The developed generator employs traditional computer vision algorithms together with a neural style transfer method for data augmentation. We show that the method is able to synthesize a dataset of realistic looking images that can be used to train a neural network model capable of localising, segmenting, and classifying five different microbial species. Our method requires significantly fewer resources to obtain a useful dataset than collecting and labeling a whole large set of real images with annotations. We show that starting with only 100 real images, we can generate data to train a detector that achieves comparable results (detection mAP $$=0.416$$

=
0.416

, and counting MAE $$=4.49$$

=
4.49

) to the same detector but trained on a real, several dozen times bigger dataset (mAP $$=0.520$$

=
0.520

, MAE $$=4.31$$

=
4.31

), containing over 7 k images. We prove the usefulness of the method in microbe detection and segmentation, but we expect that it is general and flexible and can also be applicable in other domains of science and industry to detect various objects.
Digital approaches to enhancing community engagement in clinical trials
Authors: Tan Rayner K. J. , Wu Dan , Day Suzanne , Zhao Yang , Larson Heidi J. , Sylvia Sean , Tang Weiming , Tucker Joseph D.
Published: March 2022

Digital approaches are increasingly common in clinical trial recruitment, retention, analysis, and dissemination. Community engagement processes have contributed to the successful implementation of clinical trials and are crucial in enhancing equity in trials. However, few studies focus on how digital approaches can be implemented to enhance community engagement in clinical trials. This narrative review examines three key areas for digital approaches to deepen community engagement in clinical trials—the use of digital technology for trial processes to decentralize trials, digital crowdsourcing to develop trial components, and digital qualitative research methods. We highlight how digital approaches enhanced community engagement through a greater diversity of participants, and deepened community engagement through the decentralization of research processes. We discuss new possibilities that digital technologies offer for community engagement, and highlight potential strengths, weaknesses, and practical considerations. We argue that strengthening community engagement using a digital approach can enhance equity and improve health outcomes.
Driving spin chirality by electron dynamics in laser-excited antiferromagnets
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Freimuth Frank , Gomonay Olena , Blügel Stefan , Mokrousov Yuriy
Published: March 2022

Despite recent successes in the area of ultrafast manipulation of magnetic order, optical generation and manipulation of complex spin textures is hindered by an insufficient theoretical understanding of underlying processes. In particular an important aspect of subtle connection between the electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom is not properly accounted for in existing theories. Here, we uncover a distinct physical mechanism for imprinting spin chirality into collinear magnets with short laser pulses. By simultaneously treating the laser-ignited evolution of electronic structure and magnetic order, we show that their intertwined dynamics can result in an emergence of quasi-stable chiral states. We find that laser-driven chirality does not require any auxiliary external fields or intrinsic spin–orbit interaction to exist, and it can survive on the time scale of nanoseconds even in the presence of thermal fluctuations, which makes the uncovered mechanism relevant for understanding various optical experiments on magnetic materials. Our findings provide a more detailed perspective of the complex interactions which occur between chiral magnetism and light.
Ocean tides can drag the atmosphere and cause tidal winds over broad continental shelves
Authors: Renault Lionel , Marchesiello Patrick
Published: March 2022

Oceanic tides lead to some of the largest currents of the world ocean and have important implications for oceanic circulation. In the last decade, the feedback effect of surface currents on the overlying winds has been shown to strongly regulate the ocean circulation. Here we present evidence, using coupled high-resolution ocean-atmosphere simulations and in situ measurements, that ocean tides can drag the atmosphere above. The current-induced tidal winds expand across the atmospheric boundary layer, while dissipating tidal energy. They are likely present in many shelf regions of the world ocean, with an amplitude of about one-third of the underlying tidal currents, i.e., up to 1.5 ms−1. Consideration of surface tidal winds can have implications in areas ranging from climate modeling to wind farming.
Methods of Persulfate Activation for the Degradation of Pollutants: Fundamentals and Influencing Parameters
Authors: Saien J. , Jafari F.
Published: March 2022

Sulfate radical advanced oxidation processes with relevant high redox potential, long lifetime and selectivity to the electron-rich compounds have been dramatically developed for the aim of efficient degradation of pollutants. Persulfate (S2O82−) and peroxymonosulfate (HSO5−) are common species which supply both the well-known sulfate and hydroxyl active radicals. These persulfate salts have a low environmental impact and rather low price. To overcome the difficult reaction of reagents with organic pollutants, a variety of methods have been employed to generate active radicals through imparting energy and accepting electrons from electron donors. The cost-effective and sustainable strategies of persulfate activation include alkaline, organic substrate, and catalytic activation with no external energy as well as heat, microwave, ultrasound, photo- and electrochemical techniques with external energy. Each activation process could be implemented either in homogeneous or heterogeneous operation modes depending on the presence of a solid-state reagent, catalyst, and/or electrode. In this chapter, the basic concepts, dominant mechanisms, as well as effects of operating parameters, particularly, persulfate concentration, pH, temperature, involved materials, and reactor configuration are discussed for each technique. The comprehensive content will bring greater knowledge and clarity to select the most appropriate persulfate activation method.
Photo-activated Persulfate-based Advanced Oxidation for Water Treatment
Authors: He Shaoxiong , Yang Jingling , Chen Yanxi , Zhu Mingshan
Published: March 2022

With the rapid development of industry, increasing aqueous organic contaminants have entered the water ecosystem, posing threats to humans and aquatic animals worldwide. To protect the water environment, homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-activated persulfate (PS) activation technologies are being intensively investigated for water treatment. Herein, the fundamentals, applications, mechanisms, challenges, and improved strategies of UV-based and photocatalyst-based photo-activated PS-advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are summarized and discussed. Specifically, various photocatalyst-based photo-activated PS-AOPs are divided into Fe-based, TiO2-based, other metal-based, bimetallic, and carbonaceous PS activation systems, the highlights and mechanisms of which are also provided. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to summarize the achievements, challenges, and prospects in photo-activated PS-AOPs, and to motivate the construction of novel and promising PS-AOPs for water treatment.
Metal-free Carbocatalysis for Persulfate Activation Toward Organic Oxidation
Authors: Cheng Xin , Guo Hongguang
Published: March 2022

Metal-free carbon-based materials (CBMs), as promising alternatives to conventional metal catalysts, have been demonstrated to be highly effective in heterogeneous activation of persulfate (PS) toward organic oxidation in recent years, exhibiting great engineering-application potentials for water and wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, the intrinsic mechanism for carbocatalysis in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes is still ambiguous due to the unique and complicated structural/surface characteristics of CBMs. Herein, this chapter outlines the fundamental principles in carbocatalysis for PS activation including identification of radical/nonradical activation pathways and determination of catalytic sites. Thereupon, the current experimental and theoretical advances in the application of carbocatalysis-driven persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (C/PS-AOPs) are systematically summarized to reveal insights into the mechanism on the basis of the structure–performance relationship in a sequence of dimensionality (0–3D). In addition, tailored modification, as an approach to promoting the catalytic activity of CBMs for PS activation, is thoroughly illustrated, such as active site enhancement and heteroatom doping. Subsequently, the relationship between radical and nonradical pathways is demonstrated, focusing on the activation mechanism, oxidation selectivity, and radical/nonradical path transformation. Finally, challenges concerning an authentic mechanism and prospects of future research direction are proposed to overcome the knowledge gaps and facilitate the practical application of C/PS-AOPs in environmental remediation.
Sulfate Radical-based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Disinfection
Authors: Yin Ran , Liu Weiqi , Xia Dehua
Published: March 2022

Sulfate radical (SO4˙−)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as promising technologies for inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in water and wastewater, due to the high oxidation potential and selectivity of SO4˙− towards different microorganisms, and the negligible formation of undesired byproducts by using these processes. This book chapter provides an overview of the kinetic responses of various pathogenic/indicator microorganisms toward different SO4˙− based AOPs (e.g., metal-assisted, light-assisted, and piezo-catalytic ones) and the mechanisms responsible for the inactivation (e.g., via membrane destruction, enzyme and genome damage, and affecting repair that doesn't need light). The effects of solution chemistry (e.g., pH, temperature, and various water matrices) on the disinfection efficacies have also been reviewed and discussed. The formation of undesired byproducts in the SO4˙− based AOPs is also reviewed and discussed. Key points from the review are summarized in the conclusive remarks. Knowledge gaps, research needs, and design requirements for the engineering applications of these processes in real-world practice are proposed as future perspectives.
Comparative study of holothurin A and echinoside A on inhibiting the high bone turnover via downregulating PI3K/AKT/β-catenin and OPG/RANKL/NF-κB signaling in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Yue Hao , Tian Yingying , Li Yanqi , Bai Xiaolin , Wang Xiaohong , Wang Yuming , Li Zhaojie , Xue Changhu , Wang Jingfeng
Published: March 2022

Sea cucumber saponins Holothurin A and Echinoside A supplement downregulated PI3K/AKT/β-catenin and OPG/RANKL/NF-κB signaling to alleviate high bone turnover status, and finally improving osteoporosis.
Rh(iii)-Catalyzed ortho C–H functionalization of aromatic amides with bis(phenylsulfonyl)diazomethane and α-diazosulfones
Authors: Chen Lei , Su Xiao-can , Peng Rui-jun , Zhang Xue-jing , Yan Ming
Published: March 2022

A Rh(iii)-catalyzed migratory insertion of bis(phenylsulfonyl) carbene and α-sulfonyl carbenes into ortho C–H bonds of aryl amides has been developed.
Revealing the composition-dependent structural evolution fundamentals of bimetallic nanoparticles through an inter-particle alloying reaction
Authors: Lin Yingzheng , Cao Yitao , Yao Qiaofeng , Xie Jianping
Published: March 2022

An inter-particle reaction between atomically precise [Au44(SR)26]2− (SR = thiolate) and [Ag44(SR)30]4− nanoparticles reveals the composition-dependent structural evolution of alloy AuxAg44−x nanoparticles at the atomic level.
Rational design of a supramolecular hydrogel with customizable pH-responsiveness on the basis of pH-induced ionization/protonation transition of BSA
Authors: Xiang Zhouxuan , Liu Ting , Wang Huimin , Chen Genxin , Zhu Xiongbin , Hao Tonghui , Ran Jiabing , Yang Changying
Published: March 2022

Developing customizable pH-responsiveness for supramolecular hydrogels is of great significance and has drawn tremendous attention.
PtCu alloy cocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction into CH4 with 100% selectivity
Authors: Wang Junyi , Li Youzi , Zhao Jiangting , Xiong Zhuo , Zhao Yongchun , Zhang Junying
Published: March 2022

In this paper, PtCu alloys with varying Pt/Cu ratios were deposited onto TiO2 nanocrystals to selectively photoreduce CO2 into CH4.
Accessing oxy-functionalized N-heterocycles through rose bengal and TBHP integrated photoredox C(sp3)–O cross-coupling
Authors: Mandal Rahul Dev , Saha Moumita , Das Asish R.
Published: March 2022

A C(sp3)–O coupling strategy is described involving tautomerizable N-heterocycles (phthalazinone, pyridne, pyrimidinone and quinoxalinone) carbonyl employing rose bengal as the photocatalyst and TBHP.
A sulfur-containing fluorescent hybrid porous polymer for selective detection and adsorption of Hg2+ ions
Authors: Lv Zhuo , Chen Zixu , Feng Shengyu , Wang Dengxu , Liu Hongzhi
Published: March 2022

A dual-function material, that is, a sulfur-containing fluorescent hybrid porous polymer, has been simply prepared and utilized to simultaneously detect and capture Hg2+ with high efficiency and selectivity.
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma for attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2 protein and the RNA deactivation
Authors: Khanikar Rakesh Ruchel , Kalita Monalisa , Kalita Parismita , Kashyap Bhaswati , Das Santanu , Khan Mojibur R. , Bailung Heremba , Sankaranarayanan Kamatchi
Published: March 2022

Cold atmospheric pressure (CAP) plasma for the deactivation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein binding to ACE2 protein.
Effects of rice root exudates on aggregation, dissolution and bioaccumulation of differently-charged Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Duan Hongyu , Wang Xiya , Zhang Huan , Zhang Zhifeng
Published: March 2022

The biological toxicity and eco-environmental risk of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) is closely related to their stability.
The halo of M 105 and its group environment as traced by planetary nebula populations
Authors: Hartke J. , Arnaboldi M. , Gerhard O. , Coccato L. , Merrifield M. , Kuijken K. , Pulsoni C. , Agnello A. , Bhattacharya S. , Spiniello C. , Cortesi A. , Freeman K. C. , Napolitano N. R. , Romanowsky A. J.
Published: March 2022

Context. M 105 (NGC 3379) is an early-type galaxy in the nearby Leo I group, the closest galaxy group to contain all galaxy types and therefore an excellent environment to explore the low-mass end of intra-group light (IGL) assembly.

Aims. We present a new and extended kinematic survey of planetary nebulae (PNe) in M 105 and the surrounding 30′×30′ in the Leo I group with the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (PN.S) to investigate kinematically distinct populations of PNe in the halo and the surrounding IGL.

Methods. We use PNe as kinematic tracers of the diffuse stellar light in the halo and IGL, and employ photo-kinematic Gaussian mixture models to (i) separate contributions from the companion galaxy NGC 3384, and (ii) associate PNe with structurally defined halo and IGL components around M 105.

Results. We present a catalogue of 314 PNe in the surveyed area and firmly associate 93 of these with the companion galaxy NGC 3384 and 169 with M 105. The PNe in M 105 are further associated with its halo (138) and the surrounding exponential envelope (31). We also construct smooth velocity and velocity dispersion fields and calculate projected rotation, velocity dispersion, and λR profiles for the different components. PNe associated with the halo exhibit declining velocity dispersion and rotation profiles as a function of radius, while the velocity dispersion and rotation of the exponential envelope increase notably at large radii. The rotation axes of these different components are strongly misaligned.

Conclusions. Based on the kinematic profiles, we identify three regimes with distinct kinematics that are also linked to distinct stellar population properties: (i) the rotating core at the centre of the galaxy (within 1Reff) formed in situ and is dominated by metal-rich ([M/H] ≈ 0) stars that also likely formed in situ, (ii) the halo from 1 to 7.5Reff consisting of a mixture of intermediate-metallicity and metal-rich stars ([M/H] > −1), either formed in situ or was brought in via major mergers, and (iii) the exponential envelope reaching beyond our farthest data point at 16Reff, predominately composed of metal-poor ([M/H] < −1) stars. The high velocity dispersion and moderate rotation of the latter are consistent with those measured for the dwarf satellite galaxies in the Leo I group, indicating that this exponential envelope traces the transition to the IGL.
The Effect of Soaking Temperature and Cinnamon Extract Concentration on the Quality of Parboiled Rice
Authors: Tistianingrum Nugrah Widiastuti , Yulianto Wisnu Adi
Published: March 2022

The temperature of the soaking of paddy in a solution of chromium and magnesium, as well as cinnamon extract affects the hydration of the paddy, the adsorption of chromium and magnesium, and the taste of parboiled rice. The purpose of this study was to produce parboiled rice which is favoured by panellists, has a low glycemic index (GI) and has a high content of resistant starch (RS), Cr and Mg. This research was carried out using a completely randomized design with two treatment factors, namely the paddy soaking temperatures (60, 65 and 70°C) and the soaking concentrations of cinnamon extract (0, 5, 10 and 15%). The paddy was soaked for 2.5 h, boiled with temperature of 100°C for 20 min, cooled at a temperature of 0°C for 12 h, dried at 50°C and undergone the process of hulling. The results showed that the paddy soaking temperature and the soaking concentrations of cinnamon extract influenced the levels of RS, fortificants, GI and the panellists’ preference of the parboiled rice produced. The preferred rice was produced with soaking temperature of 65°C and cinnamon extract of 10%. As the rice had a GI of 30.62, it is suitable for diabetics.
Histamine Fish Poisoning (HFP) in Indonesia: Current status and challenges
Authors: Rachmawati Novalia , Triwibowo Radestya
Published: March 2022

Histamine fish poisoning (HFP) is one of many global food safety issues experienced by fish industries in both developed and developing countries, in which temperature abuse and mishandling during processing, storage, and distribution were identified as the main sources of histamine formation and accumulation in the products. In Indonesia, official reports on HFP are limited, however, mass media documented HFP cases and outbreaks which occurred every year, from different regions of Indonesia. The Scombroid fish, including Bullet and Frigate Tuna locally named asTongkol(Auxis rochei, A. thazard), was reported as the main food vehicle causing the majority of HFP cases. The maximum allowable level of histamine for fresh and processed fish marketed in Indonesia is 100 mg/kg, except for fresh tuna for sashimi (50 mg/kg), based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The results from official control and monitoring programs by Indonesian’s government as well as published studies reported the presence of elevated levels of histamine in fish sold at domestic markets, hence implementing the cold-chain system during post-harvest stages is still a challenge. Evaluation of the current national requirement for histamine testing for fish products also important, to ensure product safety prior to consumption.
Un modèle organisationnel de l’exposome professionnel
Authors: Roquelaure Yves , Luce Danièle , Descatha Alexis , Bonvallot Nathalie , Porro Bertrand , Coutarel Fabien
Published: March 2022

Dans cette revue, nous décrivons le concept d’exposome professionnel, en soulignant son intérêt pour appréhender la complexité des expositions en milieu de travail et saisir l’ensemble de leurs déterminants. Une approche organisationnelle de cet exposome est par ailleurs proposée. Elle vise, en lui donnant une perspective interdisciplinaire, à élargir les niveaux d’analyse des expositions, quelles qu’elles soient, de l’individu à la situation de travail, individuelle ou collective, de la situation de travail à l’atelier ou au service dans l’entreprise1 et son environnement socio-économique, et, enfin, de l’environnement socio-économique de l’entreprise à l’ensemble de la Société. Cette approche organisationnelle de l’exposome professionnel contribue également à élargir le spectre de l’évaluation des risques sanitaires et à promouvoir une approche globale et intégrée de la prévention de la pénibilité au travail et de l’usure professionnelle.
Génétique de l’hypothyroïdie congénitale
Authors: Stoupa Athanasia , Kariyawasam Dulanjalee , Polak Michel , Carré Aurore
Published: March 2022

L’hypothyroïdie congénitale (HC) est la maladie endocrinienne néonatale la plus fréquente. Elle peut être due à des défauts de développement ou de la fonction de la thyroïde (HC primaire ou périphérique) ou d’origine hypothalamo-hypophysaire (HC centrale). L’HC primaire est causée dans la majorité des cas par une anomalie du développement de la glande (dysgénésie thyroïdienne, DT) ou par un défaut de synthèse des hormones thyroïdiennes (dyshormonogenèse, DH). Une origine génétique est identifiée chez 50 % des patients présentant une HCDH mais dans moins de 5 % des patients présentant une HCDT. Cette revue fait le point sur l’ensemble des causes génétiques des HC et sur les différents modes de transmission. L’HC n’est plus simplement une maladie dominante pour les dysgénésies thyroïdiennes et récessive pour les dyshormonogenèses, mais est devenue une maladie plus complexe.
Questionnement éthique sur la posture du médecin-chercheur
Authors: Clergue-Duval Virgile
Published: March 2022

À l’occasion d’un projet de recherche clinique réalisé dans le cadre de mon travail de thèse de science et de ma pratique de recherche clinique en médecine, j’ai été confronté au refus d’un patient de participer à un protocole. Ce refus n’était pas le premier auquel j’étais confronté, mais il m’a surpris et m’a fait m’interroger sur ma pratique en tant que chercheur et sur ma manière d’introduire la problématique de la recherche dans mon exercice de médecin addictologue.
Evaluation of a General Practitioner with Special Interest model: lessons learned from staff experiences
Authors: Purtell L. , Whiting E. , Muller K. , McSherry C. , Gillespie K. , Havas K. , Bonner A.
Published: March 2022

Background The integration of general practitioners into specialist outpatient clinics is associated with improved access to care; however, little is understood about the organisation-level factors that affect successful implementation. We aimed to identify factors that were facilitators or barriers to the implementation of a General Practitioner with Special Interest (GPwSI) model of care across a range of specialties. Methods Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 stakeholders at 13 GPwSI clinics in operation within a Queensland public health service. A deductive content analysis was conducted using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results Stakeholders generally supported the GPwSI model and saw advantages to patients and specialist medical practitioners in terms of waiting lists, workload, and improving clinician self-efficacy and knowledge. A number of factors were identified as being crucial to the success of the program, such as adequate support and planning for the implementation, appropriate funding and advocacy. Conclusions Our evaluation indicates that a GPwSI model can be a beneficial resource for improving care to patients and reducing wait lists, dependent upon adequate planning, training, and support.
Implications of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic for primary care
Authors: Shankar Pathiyil Ravi , Nadarajah Vishna D. , Wilson Ian G.
Published: March 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused widespread global disruption. In this article, the authors put forward lessons from the pandemic for primary care. Among these are primary healthcare requires substantial investment; big data should be carefully regulated and used to strengthen primary care; primary care physicians can support media to provide impartial, objective information; protecting the health of vulnerable populations is important; and infectious diseases are still relevant today. Travel and tourism significantly impact health and primary care. Pandemics may be more common in the future due to climate change, increased human population and habitat loss, among other reasons. We should apply the lessons learned from the current pandemic to better prepare for future pandemics.
Dilute phase oligomerization can oppose phase separation and modulate material properties of a ribonucleoprotein condensate
Authors: Seim Ian , Posey Ammon E. , Snead Wilton T. , Stormo Benjamin M. , Klotsa Daphne , Pappu Rohit V. , Gladfelter Amy S.
Published: March 2022

Significance

A large subclass of biomolecular condensates are linked to RNA regulation and are known as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) bodies. While extensive work has identified driving forces for biomolecular condensate formation, relatively little is known about forces that oppose assembly. Here, using a fungal RNP protein, Whi3, we show that a portion of its intrinsically disordered, glutamine-rich region modulates phase separation by forming transient alpha helical structures that promote the assembly of dilute phase oligomers. These oligomers detour Whi3 proteins from condensates, thereby impacting the driving forces for phase separation, the protein-to-RNA ratio in condensates, and the material properties of condensates. Our findings show how nanoscale conformational and oligomerization equilibria can influence mesoscale phase equilibria.
Epitaxial Growth and Characteristics of Nonpolar a-Plane InGaN Films with Blue-Green-Red Emission and Entire In Content Range
Authors: Zhao Jianguo , Chen Kai , Gong Maogao , Hu Wenxiao , Liu Bin , Tao Tao , Yan Yu , Xie Zili , Li Yuanyuan , Chang Jianhua , Wang Xiaoxuan , Cui Qiannan , Xu Chunxiang , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou
Published: March 2022

Nonpolar (

11

2
¯

0

) plane In
x
Ga1−x
N epilayers comprising the entire In content (x) range were successfully grown on nanoscale GaN islands by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The structural and optical properties were studied intensively. It was found that the surface morphology was gradually smoothed when x increased from 0.06 to 0.33, even though the crystalline quality was gradually declined, which was accompanied by the appearance of phase separation in the In
x
Ga1−x
N layer. Photoluminescence wavelengths of 478 and 674 nm for blue and red light were achieved for x varied from 0.06 to 0.33. Furthermore, the corresponding average lifetime (τ
1/e
) of carriers for the nonpolar InGaN film was decreased from 406 ps to 267 ps, indicating that a high-speed modulation bandwidth can be expected for nonpolar InGaN-based light-emitting diodes. Moreover, the bowing coefficient (b) of the (

11

2
¯

0

) plane InGaN was determined to be 1.91 eV for the bandgap energy as a function of x.