bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cancer in Parkinson’s Disease: An Approximation to the Main Risk Factors
Authors: Rosas Irene , Morís Germán , Coto Eliecer , Blázquez Marta , Suárez Esther , García-Fernández Ciara , Siso Pablo , Martínez Carmen , Pérez-Oliveira Sergio , Álvarez Victoria , Menéndez-González Manuel
Published: October 2021

Background: Many evidences suggest a pathological link between neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In fact, several epidemiologic studies indicate a decreased incidence of most cancer types in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and some PD genes are involved in cancer networks. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the influence of several factors in the risk of cancer in a cohort of 753 PD patients and to study how these variables interact with each other. Methods: We analyzed the effect of gender, tobacco, alcohol, type of PD (genetic or idiopathic PD), and two genetic variants, previously associated with cancer, rs5848-GRN and rs1042522-TP53. Results: A higher age at PD onset was observed in patients who develop cancer before PD (p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption was a risk factor to develop cancer in PD patients (p = 0.011), while smoking was not a cancer risk factor in our cohort (p = 0.098). Among the genetic factors, the genotype TT GRN-rs5848 was statistically more frequent in PD patients without cancer (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Our study identified several factors, genetic and nongenetic, which contribute to the risk for cancer in PD.
Initial Reintroduction of the Aye-Aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) in Anjajavy Reserve, Northwestern Madagascar
Authors: Rambeloson Elodi , Andriambeloson Jean-Basile , Rasoanaivo Hoby A. , Ramarokoto Roger E. , Prosper  , de Foucault Cédric , Greene Lydia K. , Blanco Marina B.
Published: October 2021

Madagascar’s biodiversity is imperiled by habitat loss and degradation. Furthermore, species may be locally extirpated due to targeted hunting or disease. Translocating at-risk individuals to areas devoid of the species may be an effective conservation intervention. The aye-aye, Daubentonia madagascariensis, is uniquely susceptible to hunting pressure due to a cultural superstition. In June 2018, we reintroduced two aye-ayes in the Anjajavy Reserve, a dry deciduous forest in northwestern Madagascar. The translocated individuals, an adult female and juvenile offspring, were rescued from a neighboring forest that was subjected to pressure from fires and logging. We safely secured and transported the aye-ayes to Anjajavy and put them in a quarantine enclosure, where they were subjected to biomedical and behavioral monitoring. After release in the adjacent, protected forest, we conducted postrelease monitoring of the adult female using radio-tracking and scan sampling to determine ranging and activity patterns. We conducted behavioral observations from October 2018 to February 2019 and collected sleeping site data from October 2018 to September 2019. The female aye-aye fed on local resources including Canariumsp. seeds. During the study period, the aye-aye used 31 nests, occupied a home range of approximately 85 ha and traveled, on average, at a pace of 320 m/h. Our findings are comparable with published data on wild aye-ayes in other regions of Madagascar and provide support for future reintroductions of adult aye-ayes, and potentially other endemic species to the natural and protected habitats of Anjajavy.
Genotype-Guided P2Y
12
Inhibitor Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Parcha Vibhu , Heindl Brittain F. , Li Peng , Kalra Rajat , Limdi Nita A. , Pereira Naveen L. , Arora Garima , Arora Pankaj
Published: October 2021

Background:

Among patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the role of a genotype-guided approach for antiplatelet therapy compared with usual care is unclear. We conducted a Bayesian analysis of the entire TAILOR-PCI (Tailored Antiplatelet Initiation to Lessen Outcomes Due to Decreased Clopidogrel Response After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) randomized clinical trial population to evaluate the effect of the genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy post-PCI compared with the usual care on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods:

The primary outcome for our study was the composite of MACE (myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death). Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and major/minor bleeding. Bayesian modeling was used to estimate the probability of clinical benefit of genotype-guided therapy using (1) noninformative priors (ie, analyzing the TAILOR-PCI trial) and (2) informative priors derived from the ADAPT, POPular Genetics, IAC-PCI, and PHARMCLO trials (ie, analyzing TAILOR-PCI trial in the context of prior evidence). Risk ratio (RR: ratio of cumulative outcome incidence between genotype-guided and conventional therapy group) and 95% credible interval (CrI) were estimated for the study outcomes, and probability estimates for RR <1 were computed.

Results:

Using noninformative priors, in TAILOR-PCI the RR for MACE was 0.78 (95% CrI, 0.55–1.07) in genotype-guided therapy after PCI, and the probability of RR <1 was 94%. Using noninformative priors, the probability of RR <1 for cardiovascular death (RR, 0.95 [95% CrI, 0.52–1.74]), stroke (RR, 0.68 [95% CrI, 0.44–1.06]), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.84 [95% CrI, 0.37–1.89]), stent thrombosis (RR, 0.75 [95% CrI, 0.37–1.45]), and major or minor bleeding (RR, 1.22 [95% CrI, 0.84–1.77]) were 57%, 96%, 67%, 81%, and 15%, respectively. Using informative priors, the posterior probability of RR <1 for MACE, from genotype-guided therapy, was 99% (RR, 0.69 [95% CrI, 0.57–0.84]). Using informative priors, the posterior probability of RR <1 for cardiovascular death (RR, 0.86 [95% CrI, 0.61–1.19]), stroke (RR, 0.69 [95% CrI, 0.48–0.99]), myocardial infarction (RR:0.56 [95% CrI, 0.40–0.78]), stent thrombosis (RR, 0.59 [95% CrI, 0.38–0.94]), and major or minor bleeding (RR, 0.84 [95% CrI, 0.70–0.99]) were 81%, 99%, 99%, 99%, and 99%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Bayesian analysis of the TAILOR-PCI trial provides clinically meaningful data on the posterior probability of reducing MACE using genotype-guided P2Y
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inhibitor therapy after PCI.
On the Syntax of Multiple Sluicing and What It Tells Us aboutWh-Scope Taking
Authors: Abels Klaus , Dayal Veneeta
Published: October 2021

Across many languages, multiple sluicing obeys a clausemate constraint. This can be understood on the empirically well-supported assumption that covert phrasal wh-movement is clause-bounded and subject to Superiority. We provide independent evidence for syntactic structure at the ellipsis site and for locality constraints on movement operations within the ellipsis site. The fact that the distribution of multiple sluicing is substantially narrower than that of multiple wh-questions, on their single-pair as well as their pair-list reading, entails that there must be mechanisms for scoping in-situ wh-phrases that do not rely on covert phrasal wh-movement. We adopt the choice-functional account for single-pair readings. For pair-list readings, we develop a novel functional analysis, argue for the functional basis of pair-list readings, and present a new perspective on pair-list readings of questions with quantifiers.
A new species of Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Family: Atyidae) from a limestone cave on Interview Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: VIJAYAMMA JAYACHANDRAN KUNJURAMAN , DHAMORIKAR AMRUTA , MANCHI SHIRISH
Published: October 2021

Caridina ravisankarani sp. nov. is a cave-adapted species, collected during June and November 2018 and January 2019 from a limestone cave (CN2) on Interview Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The shrimps were collected from a stream, sourced through the percolation of rainwater, which reduces during the post-monsoon months. The species is closely related to Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, Caridina villadolidi Blanco, 1939 and Caridina jeani Cai, 2010. A detailed comparison of characters and a key for identification are given in the text. The present species can be diagnosed by the presence of: short rostum with edentulous upper margin and ventral margin with 2 minute teeth situated at the distal part; outer antennular flagellum with 16 segments at the basal part swollen; highly atrophied propodus and dactylus of endopod of 2nd maxilliped; bushy long setae on fingers of 2nd chelate legs; dactylus of 5th pereopod with 42–43 comb-like bristles; dieresis with 18 spines; dorsal surface of telson with 4–5 pairs of spines and disto-median region doesn’t end in a point, outer lateral pair of spines absent and eyes with cornea pigmentation variable, from totally absent to a small black spot. Fecundity is 1300 eggs with an average length 0.71±0.03 mm and width 0.42±0.03 mm (Mean±SD).
Local Similarity Theory of Convective Turbulent Layer Using “Spectral” Prandtl Mixing Length and Second Moment of Vertical Velocity
Authors: Vulfson Alexander , Nikolaev Petr
Published: October 2021

Approximations of the turbulent moments of the atmospheric convective boundary layer are constructed based on a variant of the local similarity theory. As the basic parameters of this theory, the second moment of vertical velocity and the “spectral” Prandtl mixing length are used. This specific choice of the basic parameters allows us to consider the coefficient of turbulent transfer and the dissipation of kinetic energy of the Prandtl turbulence theory as the forms of the local similarity. Therefore, the obtained approximations of the turbulent moments should be considered as natural complementation to the semiempirical turbulence theory. Moreover, within the atmospheric surface layer, the approximations of the new local similarity theory are identical to the relations of the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST). Therefore, the proposed approximations should be considered as a direct generalization of the MOST under free-convection conditions. The new approximations are compared with the relations of the known local similarity theories. The advantages and limitations of the new theory are discussed. The comparison of the approximations of the new local similarity theory with the field and laboratory experimental data indicates the high effectiveness of the proposed approach.
COVID Compatibility and Risk Negotiation in Online Dating during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Williams Apryl A. , Miller Gabe H. , Marquez-Velarde Guadalupe
Published: October 2021

We interviewed 31 individuals about their online dating life and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use literature on risk and health behaviors to generate four frames for dealing with risk associated with COVID-19 while dating: 1) Unconcerned about Risk, 2) Preliminary Risk Assessment, 3) Active Risk Negotiation, and 4) Risk Aversion. Further, we argue that risk perception causes daters to use implicit and explicit communication about health behaviors to determine COVID compatibility, a state of being in agreement with a partner about how to best minimize risk of contracting COVID-19. Daters want to know that their partner is behaving with similar regard for health guidance and that they are doing their best to keep those in their communities safe. Though daters may transition between frames throughout the course of the pandemic, we use these four frames to identify sets of beliefs, routines, and personal health practices across our sample that have relevance for social scientists, health communication scholars, and health care practitioners.
Mandatory Public Health Measures for Coronavirus-19 Are Associated With Improved Mortality, Equity and Economic Outcomes
Authors: Lundberg Brita , McDonald Kathryn
Published: October 2021

The impact of public health measures on the coronavirus-2019 pandemic was analyzed by comparing mandatory versus voluntary nonpharmaceutical interventions between 2 comparable European countries and among 3 U.S. states. Using an ecological retrospective cohort study design, we examine differences in mortality, economic impact, and equity. Compared to voluntary policies, mandatory shelter-in-place policies were associated with a 3- to 5-fold lower population-adjusted mortality in the U.S. model and between 11- to 12-fold lower in the European one. Voluntary shelter-in-place measures were associated with overall increased mortality cost, as measured by value of a statistical life; somewhat greater decreases in gross domestic product; and substantial negative impacts on minority communities, who experienced markedly increased mortality rates (the percentage of minority deaths was 2.3 and 4 times greater in the U.S. model and 14.5 times higher in the European one) and mortality cost (2.7- and 4.5-fold higher in the U.S. model and 11.1-fold higher in the European one). We conclude that voluntary policies are less effective than mandatory ones, based on historical precedent and the current analysis. Negative effects on health equity mirrored the increased mortality outcomes of voluntary policies, and there was no apparent economic benefit associated with voluntary measures.
Politics of Power-Sharing in Disputed Territories: A Case Study of the 13th Amendment in the Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Ahmed Raja Qaiser
Published: October 2021

The proper functioning of the government and administration of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is taken care of by Pakistan through the successive installment of courts and a series of acts that inter alia include the 1962 Act, the 1970 Act, and the Interim Constitution Act 1974. This paper discusses power-sharing arrangements in AJK, and makes connections to asymmetrical federalism and liminality. It further dissects the matrix of the 13th amendment in the constitution of Azad Kashmir and how it changed the nature of the relationship between AJK and Pakistan. The paper also underscores the contemporary contours of state and polity in AJK and the debate on the 14th amendment.
A price paid? A review of the research on the impact of investigating serious crime on the wellbeing of police staff
Authors: Cartwright Ashley , Roach Jason
Published: October 2021

Research pertaining to the wellbeing of police focuses on the job at a macro level, neglecting that policing is an occupation made up of thousands of roles. The needs of staff in various roles differs according to the situations that they are exposed to. This paper provides a review of the literature pertaining to the impact of criminal investigation on employees’ wellbeing. Three discernible categories regarding the wellbeing of criminal investigators are revealed and the paper demonstrates that criminal investigation has a negative effect on the wellbeing of staff. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, training and support.
Mainstream Voters, Non-Voters and Populist Voters: What Sets Them Apart?
Authors: Koch Cédric M , Meléndez Carlos , Rovira Kaltwasser Cristóbal
Published: October 2021

Three different constituencies are becoming increasingly common across Western European electorates: mainstream voters, non-voters and populist voters. Despite their distinct behaviours in electoral politics, we have limited empirical knowledge about the characteristics that distinguish these three groups, given the typical underrepresentation of non-voters in surveys and the relative recency of large-scale research on populist voters. To address this gap, we analyse novel survey data from contemporary Germany that oversamples non-voters and includes a sizeable share of both populist radical left and populist radical right party supporters. Two main findings with broader implications stand out. First, populist voters resemble their mainstream counterparts in their expectations about democracy but correspond more closely to non-voters regarding (dis-)satisfaction with democracy. Second, non-voters and populist voters seem to reject mainstream democratic politics in distinct ways, throwing doubt on the (further) mobilization potential of abstainers for populist projects.
Gerontological Inquiry of Religiosity and Spirituality: Remembered or Forgotten Variables in the Study of Aging and Human Development?
Authors: Bishop Alex J.
Published: October 2021

This is submission is the introduction to complement the special issue on “Forgotten Variables in Religiosity and Spirituality Inquiry”
Does Protest “Distract” Athletes From Performing? Evidence From the National Anthem Demonstrations in the National Football League
Authors: Hawkins Daniel N. , Lindner Andrew M. , Hartmann Douglas , Cochran Brianna
Published: October 2021

While there is a long tradition of activism within sport, a popular criticism of athlete protest is that it is a “distraction” that hinders on-field performance. The widespread demonstrations against racial injustice in 2017 among players in the National Football League (NFL) provided an opportunity to test this “distraction hypothesis.” Using data drawn from multiple sources, we first explored which factors predicted player protest, finding that Black players and those playing for underdogs were more likely to protest. Then, using a series of analyses at the player-game level ( n = 19,051) and the team-game level ( n = 512), we tested the assertion that protest is detrimental to individual or team performance, finding no evidence for a distraction effect. The results of this study allow us to better understand social factors that may affect athletic performance or constrain athlete activism.
A systematic review of the current management approaches in leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava—Results from analysis of 118 cases
Authors: Saikia Jyoutishman , Rastogi Sameer , Barwad Adarsh , Dhamija Ekta , Pandey Rambha , Bhoriwal Sandeep , Deo Suryanarayana , Kumar Sunil
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Primary intravenous leiomyosarcomas are rare vascular tumors with aggressive disease biology. The diagnosis and management have been challenging as little data exist from large databases.

Methods

A literature search was done to identify all cases of primary leiomyosarcomas in the last five years. Clinicopathological features and management strategies were evaluated.

Results

The median age was 53 years, predominantly females (2.5:1), presenting as metastases in up to 12.1% cases. Most tumors were locally advanced with a median size of 10cm. Inferior vena cava involvement from renal veins to infrahepatic veins remains the most frequent site (57.1%cases) while nearly half (52.8%) proceeded for surgery without histological proof. Most patients could undergo upfront resection (88.0%) with few patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (4.3%) or neoadjuvant radiotherapy (2.2%). Significant multivisceral resections included right nephrectomy (41.3%), liver resection (25.7%) and left nephrectomy (2.2%). Most patients (91.8%) needed an inferior vena cava graft placement with remarkable microscopically negative margins (85.5% cases). Doxorubicin and ifosfamide were the most frequently used combination chemotherapy regimens in both pre and postoperative settings with partial responses. The median overall and disease free survival among operated patients was 60 months and 28 months respectively. In multivariate analysis large tumor, extensive inferior vena cava involvement, and need for adjuvant chemotherapy appeared significant predictors for overall survival.

Conclusions

Aggressive upfront surgical resection with clear margin remains the key for long-term survival. Doxorubicin-based regimens were preferred as neoadjuvant chemotherapy while adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both may be considered in high-risk patients.
Analysis of outpatient expenditure trends using Korean Health Panel Survey data of patients diagnosed with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation
Authors: Lee Won-Jun , Han Chang-Hyun , Yang Changsop , Lee Sook-Hyun , Kim Doori , Ha Inhyuk , Song Hyun Jin , Lee Yoon Jae
Published: October 2021

Objective

In this study, we aimed to analyze cost trends for the outpatient treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH).

Methods

We used cross-sectional data obtained from the Korea Health Panel Survey from 2011 to 2015. We compared outpatient medical expenses for conservative treatment of LDH using traditional Korean medicine (TKM) or Western medicine (WM).

Results

This analysis revealed that the total medical expenses for outpatient treatment of LDH using WM treatment methods increased by 30% from 2011 to 2015, and self-payment expenses increased by 50%. The total medical expenses for outpatient treatment of LDH using TKM methods increased by 8%, and self-payment expenses decreased by 33%. The National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) expenditure for WM increased by 7%, and non-covered costs increased by 83%. The NHIS expenditure for TKM increased by 41%, and non-covered costs decreased by 66%.

Conclusions

The total medical expenses for WM treatments are increasing in Korea, especially for non-covered treatments. The non-covered costs for TKM treatments are decreasing, suggesting a change in medical cost trends according to whether Korea’s actual medical expense insurance scheme is applied.
TREAD: Privacy Preserving Incentivized Connected Vehicle Mobility Data Storage on InterPlanetary-File-System-Enabled Blockchain
Authors: Khan Junaid Ahmed , Bangalore Kavyashree Umesh , Kurkcu Abdullah , Ozbay Kaan
Published: October 2021

Trajectory data from connected vehicles (CVs) and other micromobility sources such as e-scooters, bikes, and pedestrians is important for researchers, policy makers, and other stakeholders for leveraging the location, speed, and heading, along with other mobility data, to improve safety and bolster technology development toward innovative location-based applications for citizens. Such raw data needs to be stored and accessed from a non-proprietary database while the obfuscation and encryption techniques on current cloud-based proprietary solutions incur data losses that are deemed inefficient for accurate usage, particularly in time-sensitive real-time operations. In this paper, we target the problem of scalably storing and retrieving potentially sensitive data generated by vehicles and propose TREAD, a blockchain-based system comprising smart contracts to store this mobility data on a distributed ledger such that multiple peers can access and utilize it in different location-based applications while not revealing users’ sensitive personal information. It is, however, challenging to scalably store large amounts of constantly generated trajectories, and to achieve scalability we leverage InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), a scalable distributed peer-to-peer data storage system. To avoid users injecting malicious/fake trajectories into the ledger, we develop efficient consensus algorithms for the stakeholders to validate the storage and retrieval process in a distributed manner. We implemented TREAD on the open-source Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform using trajectory data generated for 700 vehicles in a simulation environment well calibrated with vehicle trajectories from a real-world test-bed in New York City. Results show that TREAD scalably stores trajectory data with lower delay and overhead.
Investigating “Texting while Driving” Behavior at Different Roadway Configurations Using a Driving Simulator Setting
Authors: Al Aufi Ayuob , Schmidt Cole , Goetz Jackson , Haleem Kirolos
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the safety impact of distracted driving (texting while driving) for different roadway configurations (intersections, segments, freeways, and roundabouts; urban, suburban, and rural sections; and straight and curved road cross-sections) and various lighting conditions (nighttime and daytime) using a driving simulator. The study took place at Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, KY. Fifty participants (30 young adults, 18 to 25 years old; 20 middle-/old age adults, 26 to 70 years old) drove the simulator, for approximately 10 min each. Video recordings and behavior observations (e.g., recording single longest off-road eye glance while texting and driving) were further documented. While texting and driving at the roundabout, significant differences were found between the mean lane positions of the young and middle-/old age groups. Additionally, a slightly higher speed variance for middle-/old age drivers existed while texting and driving on freeways during the daytime compared with their younger counterparts. Comparisons with the safe stopping sight distance revealed potential safety risks for all texting while driving situations for both age groups compared with nontexting situations. On average, participants with a higher distracted-driving crash-risk expended 0.676 more seconds glancing off-road than lower distracted-driving crash-risk participants. Furthermore, on average, lower-risk participants had a 3.99 mph speed standard deviation compared with the 5.34 mph speed standard deviation of higher-risk participants. It should be noted that the top five higher-risk drivers were from the middle/older population, whereas the top five lower-risk drivers were from the younger population.
Development of Deflection Prediction Model for Interlocking Concrete Block Pavements
Authors: Arjun Siva Rathan R. T. , Sunitha V.
Published: October 2021

Interlocking concrete block pavement (ICBP) is one of the pavement types adopted worldwide, as it is economical and exhibits improved structural performance. The primary objective of the present study was to develop a deflection prediction model for ICBP considering the most influential parameters using the plate load test. The finite element method (FEM) based software PLAXIS was also employed to predict the plate load deflection to reduce laboratory cost and time. Statistical analysis was carried out to assure the identical deflection values between the laboratory plate load test and FEM analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed to finalize the most significant parameters for developing the deflection prediction model using the Design Expert software. Two deflection models were predicted for zigzag shape blocks with two laying patterns: stretcher and herringbone. The model was developed in SPSS software by performing 1,680 trial experiments. The results from ANOVA statistical analysis proved that the developed model possessed a significant fit for a 95% confidence level. The predicted deflection model was validated using field deflection measurements obtained from four different roads using Benkelman beam deflection (BBD) and light weight deflectometer (LWD). Statistical two-tailed test results proved that the predicted deflection model was compatible with the observed field deflection value.
Patellar Size Variation at the Quadriceps Tendon–Bone Block Harvest Site: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study to Evaluate the Safe Zone for Harvesting a Sufficient Bone Block
Authors: Negrin Lukas L. , Zeitler Cornelia , Hofbauer Marcus
Published: October 2021

Background:

Quadriceps tendon (QT) autografts with and without a bone block are the least studied and least used options for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. In particular, there is a lack of literature describing patellar anatomy. Until now, guidelines for patellar bone block harvesting have been based solely on personal experience. In this study, we intended to derive recommendations from physical regularities and objective criteria.

Purpose:

To determine the maximal, individual-related length and depth of the bone block that can be safely harvested and to provide guidelines to help surgeons make decisions on graft choice.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

The study group consisted of 50 male participants and 50 female participants (mean age, 29.4 ± 7.9 years) who underwent 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging of their knee. Patellar height was determined at the center of the middle third of the QT insertion on the patella and the medial and lateral endpoints; the depth was measured at the midpoints of the respective heights.

Results:

The mean width of the QT and the mean thickness were 49.0 ± 7.6 and 7.3 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The mean patellar thickness in reference to the medial endpoint, the center, and the lateral endpoint was 18.3 ± 2.4, 17.9 ± 2.3, and 15.1 ± 2.3 mm, respectively, whereas the mean patellar height was 35.1 ± 4.1, 36.7 ± 4.2, and 35.1 ± 3.9 mm. In general, the tendon and patellar dimensions were significantly larger in male participants than in female participants ( P = .016).

Conclusion:

Bone block harvesting, with its depth not exceeding 50% of the patellar thickness and its length accounting for <50% of the patellar height, poses the least risk for a patellar fracture when located medial to midline. If the bone block is excised from the medial half of the central area (the latter is defined by the middle third of the QT insertion), with the outer edge of the saw positioned at the medial border of the central area, a graft of 15 mm length, 10 mm width, and 8 mm depth can be safely harvested in all White male participants and almost all female participants taller than 165 cm, according to our findings.

Clinical Relevance:

This is the first study presenting recommendations for patellar bone block harvesting at the quadriceps tendon insertionbased on physical regularities and objective criteria and not on personal experience.
Biceps Tenodesis as an Attractive Alternative to Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior (SLAP) Repair for Type II SLAP Lesions in Active-Duty Military Patients Younger Than 35 Years
Authors: Parnes Nata , Dunn John C. , Czajkowski Hunter , DeFranco Michael J. , Green Clare K. , Scanaliato John P.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Biceps tenodesis has been suggested as a superior surgical technique compared with isolated labral repair for superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears in patients older than 35 years. The superiority of this procedure in younger patients, however, is yet to be determined.

Purpose:

To compare the outcomes of arthroscopic SLAP repair with those of arthroscopic-assisted subpectoral biceps tenodesis for type II SLAP tears in active-duty military patients younger than 35 years.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Preoperative and postoperative evaluations with a minimum 5-year follow-up including the visual analog scale (VAS), the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score were administered, and scores were compared between 2 groups of patients younger than 35 years. One group included 25 patients who underwent SLAP repair, and the second group included 23 patients who underwent arthroscopic-assisted subpectoral biceps tenodesis.

Results:

The preoperative patient age ( P = .3639), forward flexion ( P = .8214), external rotation ( P = .5134), VAS pain score ( P = .4487), SANE score ( P = .6614), and ASES score ( P = .6519) did not vary significantly between the 2 study groups. Both groups demonstrated statistically significant increases in function as measured by the ASES and SANE and decreases in pain as measured by the VAS at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively. Also at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively, patients in the tenodesis group had lower pain (1.3 vs 2.6, respectively; P = .0358) and higher SANE (84.0 vs 63.3, respectively; P = .0001) and ASES (85.7 vs 75.4, respectively; P = .0342) scores compared with those in the repair group. Failure rate was 20.0% in the repair group versus 0.0% in the tenodesis group ( P = .0234).

Conclusion:

Active-duty military patients younger than 35 years with type II SLAP tears had more predictable improvement in pain, better functional outcomes, and lower failure rates after biceps tenodesis compared with SLAP repair for type II SLAP tears. Overall, the results of this study indicate that arthroscopic- assisted subpectoral biceps tenodesis is superior to arthroscopic SLAP repair for the treatment of type II SLAP tears in military patients younger than 35 years.
Navigating pre-Tenure and COVID-19: A Testimonio of a BIPOC Junior Faculty Mother
Authors: Lechuga-Peña Stephanie
Published: October 2021

The challenges BIPOC junior faculty face when preparing for tenure is not a new phenomenon, however doing so during a global pandemic magnifies these issues and requires us to consider the significant impact this has on earning tenure and promotion. Extent literature on pre-tenure BIPOC women faculty highlight their experiences of isolation and added pressures to perform. Women faculty with children encounter additional challenges as they may feel isolated, guilty about their productivity, and added pressure to prove themselves in the academy. Considering these factors influencing tenure, this testimonio provides a brief account of my experiences as a pre-tenure BIPOC junior faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic. I discuss the time constraints and expectations to maintain productivity, while managing my new full-time role as primary caregiver to my daughter. It concludes with implications for supporting pre-tenure BIPOC junior women faculty during COVID-19 as they prepare for tenure.
A First Report of HCTZ and Dicyclomine Induced Uncharacteristic Contraction Alkalosis
Authors: Eid Tony J. , Horton Matthew , Hendrix Claire , Yu Janie M. , Browning Elizabeth A. , Malhotra Ashim
Published: October 2021

Background: Contraction alkalosis is characterized by low serum sodium and chloride and high serum carbon dioxide and bicarbonate levels. Case Report: A 28-year-old Caucasian active-duty male with a history of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (D-IBS) presented to his primary care provider (PCP) with elevated blood pressure (136/96 mmHg), was diagnosed with stage-2 hypertension, and started oral HCTZ (25 mg/day). His medications included dicyclomine (10 mg oral three times daily). Subsequently, (Visit 1), his blood pressure was 130/91 mmHg and he was started on telmisartan (20 mg/day). At Visit 2, 4 weeks later, his blood pressure improved (121/73 mmHg); however, blood chemistry revealed elevated serum CO2 (32 mEq/L) and chloride (94 mmol/L). Four days later, the patient presented to the Emergency Department with dyspnea and swallowing difficulty. The patient returned to his PCP 3 days later complaining of cough, congestion, vomiting, and mild dyspnea, blood pressure of 124/84 mmHg. Two months later, sudden onset of projectile vomiting and abdominal pain while running was reported, resolved by rehydration and a single oral dose of prochlorperazine 25 mg. Three months later, (Visit 3), he complained of lightheadedness and cloudy judgment, suggesting contraction alkalosis. HCTZ was discontinued and telmisartan was increased to 20 mg twice daily. A follow-up blood chemistry panel 2 weeks later revealed serum chloride and CO2 levels within normal limits and blood pressure under 130/80 mmHg. Conclusion: This is the first known report of contraction alkalosis driven by drug–drug interaction between dicyclomine and HCTZ.
Probable Dexmedetomidine Induced Diabetes Insipidus: A Case Review
Authors: Vani Sonika , Stackpole Abbey , Kovacevic Mary P.
Published: October 2021

What is known and objective: Despite increased use of dexmedetomidine as a light sedative in the ICU setting, diabetes insipidus (DI) secondary to a dexmedetomidine infusion has rarely been reported. Case summary: We present a 32-year-old male admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) with 50% total body surface area burn. A short time following initiation (0.2 mcg/kg/hr) and up-titration (0.8 mcg/kg/hr) of dexmedetomidine continuous infusion, the patient developed DI, eventually exceeding 3 L of urine within a 6-hour timeframe. Excessive polyuria also led to significant electrolyte shifts (serum sodium 156 mmol/L and serum potassium < 1.8 mmol/L), resulting in Torsade’s de Pointes. What is new and conclusion: Our case discusses diabetes insipidus leading to severe electrolyte abnormalities secondary to dexmedetomidine.
Effects of sedan wheelbase size on left rear-seat occupant injury risk in small offset crashes
Authors: Yang Xiuju , Luo Jiang , Yang Jianwei , Pu Shanshan , Zhang Ruizhen , Pan Zhixin , Lian Chunxiao , Yin Zhiyong , Liu Shengxiong , Wang Guixue
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sedan wheelbase size on the kinematics and injury severity of left rear-seat occupants by using the finite element (FE) modeling method. A total of 270 cases with detailed accidental information records were analyzed to define the influence laws of wheelbase size and impact speed on the injury of left rear-seat occupants. First, the THUMS (Ver. 4.0.2) FE model was used to reconstruct two small offset collisions with different wheelbases size and unbelted left rear-seat occupants, and the effectiveness of the accident model was verified. Then, seatbelts were added to the left rear-seat occupant models. Finally, LS-DYNA software was used to study the correlation among head and chest injury and five sedan wheelbases sizes (2300, 2450, 2600, 2750, and 2905 mm) at three impact velocities (54, 64, and 74 km/h). The results showed that the occupants’ chest injuries showed an upward trend at the impact velocity of 64 and 74 km/h when the wheelbases sizes was reduced to 2300 mm. This research illustrated that at higher impact velocities, excessively small wheelbases might increase the chest injury severity of left rear-seat occupants.
Simulation study on effects of purifier positions on formaldehyde removal under the condition of vehicle air supply
Authors: Li Jia , Zhang Quan , Zhang Xuewen
Published: October 2021

In order to further improve the interior air quality and comfort of the vehicle, CFD method is used to simulate the different airflow distribution caused by car-mounted air purifiers at different positions. Combined with the change of formaldehyde concentration field in car, the influence of car-mounted air purifiers on the formaldehyde dilution and removal under the condition of air conditioning air supply is analyzed. The simulation results are verified by actual measurement, and the trend of the simulation results is basically consistent with the measured results. When the car air purifier placed in the middle of the car roof, it can effectively dilute and purify the formaldehyde gas in the car, and reduce the concentration of formaldehyde in the breathing area of the driver and passengers. The adsorption and degradation of formaldehyde by the purifier, together with the dilution of formaldehyde by air supply, can improve the air quality in cars more effectively than using only one of the air purification methods.
The response of the solid fuel ramjet combustor to the inflow excitations
Authors: Tahsini AmirMahdi , Nabavi Seyed Saeid
Published: October 2021

The response of the solid fuel ramjet to the imposed excitations of the ambient pressure is investigated using full part computation of the system including the intake, combustion chamber, and exhaust nozzle. The finite volume solver of the turbulent reacting compressible flow is used to simulate the flow field, where two grid blocks are considered for discretizing the computational domain. Both impulsive and oscillatory excitations are imposed to predict the response of the solid fuel mass flow rate. The results demonstrate that strong fuel flow overshoot occurs in the case of sudden impulsive excitation which is omitted for gradual impulsive excitations. In addition, the oscillatory excitations eventually lead to regular oscillatory response with frequencies similar to the imposed excitations and decrease the average fuel mass flow rate independent of the excitation frequency. But the amplitude of the response depends on the excitation frequency and amplification occurs in some frequencies. This behavior is not related to the combustion instabilities and is similar to the L-star instability in the solid rocket motors. In the design and analysis of the solid fuel ramjets, the coupling of the flight dynamics and the engine performance must be considered, and this study is the first step of such complete methodology to have more accurate predictions.
Compensator-based periodically intermittent control for nonlinear second-order multi-agent systems
Authors: Yang Ruitian , Peng Li , Yang Yongqing
Published: October 2021

This article studies leader-following bipartite consensus control of a class of nonlinear second-order multi-agent systems. A new compensator-based periodically intermittent control algorithm is proposed for the second-order multi-agent systems. The compensator can be implemented in a fully distributed way. In other words, in order to construct the compensator for a certain agents, the values of measurement output of each agent and its neighbor agents are monitored for the construction of compensator. Considering the limited bandwidth of communication networks, the state variable of compensator is used by the controller for each follower to construct a novel periodically intermittent control algorithm, which can effectively reduce the communication frequency among agents in the control process. By combing stability theory and algebra graph theory, the criteria are obtained for the achievement of global exponential bipartite consensus under a fixed directed topology. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed control algorithm.
Readers’ experiences of fiction and nonfiction influencing critical thinking
Authors: Hollis Helena
Published: October 2021

This study investigated readers’ experiences of critical thinking and reading, comparing fiction and nonfiction. As previous research has shown links between fiction reading and increased social and cognitive capacities, and such capacities are argued to be necessary for critical thinking, this study sought to explore a potentially unique relationship between reading fiction and critical thinking, as distinct from nonfiction. In depth interviews were conducted with participants who self-identified as readers ( N = 12). Each reader was interviewed twice, first in a general discussion of their reading and critical thinking experiences, and secondly with reference to a text they selected to read. An open, iterative coding process yielded 10 codes from the data, forming five categories. These show links between reading experiences and critical thinking, the integration of critical thought into the reading experience through transportation into the text, and also differentiate fiction from nonfiction influences. Nonfiction was valued for its directness, assessable authorship, and questioning. Fiction was found to uniquely drive critical evaluations through the subtle and circuitous way it presented ideas, its complication of veracity, as well as giving rich and deep understandings of the real world. These findings suggest fiction reading experiences are connected with critical thinking in ways distinct to nonfiction, and as such could be an avenue for promoting critical thinking across society through public library provision.
How do first-year students perceive learning support services in Chinese university libraries?
Authors: Ren Shuhan , Li Yaning , Lu Xiaoyu , Xu Fang
Published: October 2021

There are many studies on the learning support services of university libraries, but there are few on the first-year students’ perception of learning support services in Chinese university libraries. As a special user group, first-year students are in a transition period of learning modes and have special perceptions on learning support services of university library. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perception of first-year students on the learning support services of Chinese academic libraries, by adopting questionnaire survey method. Three hundred and fifty-two valid questionnaires were collected. Descriptive statistics are used to analyse numeric data. The results show that the information needs of first-year students in Chinese university libraries can be divided into two types. The university library can meet the information needs of first-year students through venue visits and welcoming activities for first-year students. At present, first-year students are satisfied with the service projects of university libraries in China, but the learning support services of university libraries still have some problems, such as weak publicity, lack of experience sense, and lack of rich form and content of service. This study provides support for librarians and managers in university libraries to develop strategies for improving first-year students’ satisfaction with learning support services.
The enigma of Sir William Robert Wills Wilde (1815–1876)
Authors: Boland Patrick , Hughes Sean P
Published: October 2021

William Wilde, father of Oscar Wilde, made a significant contribution to ophthalmology and otology. Qualified as a surgeon. educated in statistics and showing sympathy for the Irish population, Wilde was appointed a Commissioner for the 1851 Census, which covered the time of the Irish Famine (1845–1852). Wilde, steeped in Irish mythology, used his knowledge to develop a close rapport with the Irish peasantry. However, his life was a paradox; he supported the British Government's approach to the Famine and at the same time he showed humanity to the Irish peasantry. In his personal life he was implicated in an abortive libel case involving a young female patient who had accused him of rape. Wilde lived as though he had two separate lives : on the one hand the successful surgeon, famine Commissioner and cataloguer of Irish antiquities, and the other a countryman and disciple of Irish mythology. Wilde was highly preceptive especially in his views on the recording of medical data and outcomes in clinical practice. We argue that Wilde was probably unmatched in the variety of his talents but was also perplexing in the various actions he took during his life and that indeed Wilde was an enigma.
Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ) for Managers: Development and Standardisation
Authors: Gupta V. K. , Singh A. P.
Published: October 2021

Nowadays mental health is being fundamental concern to human being, while work is an integral part of modern life. Mental health is an important psychological attribute that plays a determining role in increasing the performance of employees and reducing rate of absenteeism, tardiness, and turnover of employees in the organisations. Our aim was to explore the psychometric properties of the newly developed questionnaire related to mental health. The items were framed with help of the previously available tools and interaction with sampling unit. Initially, 56 items were constructed related to the emotional, psychological and social well-being, eliminating jargons and complex terms defining the dimensions and its underlying statements so that newly developed questionnaire could be used in variety of workplace settings and items were framed to fit the manager’s context. Only 42 items were retained on the basis of experts’ maximum agreement and this 42-item questionnaire was distributed to participants to take their responses. The sample comprises of 250 managers of first level working in different units of Coal India Limited. The results of reliability analysis indicate that Cronbach’s alpha = .896 after deleting the 15 items from the questionnaire due to poor corrected item total correlation, less loadings and cross loadings in exploratory factor analysis. The reliability statistics fit the optimal level of Nunnally’s criteria and statistically acceptable for newly developed questionnaire. Results of the exploratory factor analysis indicate that these 27 items are loaded on three factors and these three factors explain 42.623% of total variance in mental health. This questionnaire will be useful for assessment of mental health of managerial personnel.