bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of risk factors for cerebral palsy
Authors: Abd Elmagid Dina Salama , Magdy Hend
Published: May 2021

Background

Cerebral palsy (CP) has been identified as one of the most important and common causes of childhood disabilities worldwide and is often accompanied by multiple comorbidities. CP is defined as a group of disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The objective of our study was to describe main clinical pattern and motor impairments of our patients, and to evaluate the presence of risk factors and if there is a relation to the type of cerebral palsy.

Methods

Children with cerebral palsy were retrospectively enrolled over 2 years from the neurology outpatient clinics. Cerebral palsy risk factors and motor impairments were determined through caregiver interviews, review of medical records, and direct physical examination.

Results

One thousand children with cerebral palsy were enrolled. Subjects were 64.4% male, with a median age of 2.5 years. The risk factors for cerebral palsy in our study were antenatal (21%), natal and post-natal (30.5%), post-neonatal (17.1%), and unidentified (31.4%). Antenatal as CNS malformation (26.6%), maternal DM (17.6%), prolonged rupture of membrane (11.9%), maternal hemorrhage (10.4%), and pre-eclampsia (4.7%). Natal and post-natal as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (28.5%), infection (16.3%), hyperbilirubinemia (12.7%), cerebrovascular accidents (8.8%), meconium aspiration (6.2%), and intracranial hemorrhage. Post-neonatal as CNS infection (34.5%), cerebrovascular accidents (28.6%), sepsis (23.9%), and intracranial hemorrhage (8.7%).

Conclusions

Cerebral palsy has different etiologies and risk factors. Further studies are necessary to determine optimal preventative strategies in these patients.
PIM2 and NF-κβ gene expression in a sample of AML and ALL Egyptian patients and its relevance to response to treatment
Authors: Abed El Rahman Shymaa Kamal El Din , Elshafy Sanaa Sayed Abd , Samra Mohamed , Ali Hala Mohammed , Mohamed Rabab Afifi
Published: May 2021

Background

The relation between PIM2 and the transcriptional factor NF κβ have been controversial in literature. The significance of PIM2 and NF-κβ genes expression on the incidence of acute leukemia (AML and ALL) and its relevance to the response rate was evaluated. Sixty de novo acute leukemia patients were stratified in 2 groups: 30 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 30 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and compared to 30 sex- and age-matched controls. The expression level of PIM2 and NF κβ genes was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). The patients were followed with clinical examination and complete blood counts.

Results

The expression level of PIM2 gene was significantly higher in AML patients (P<0.001) compared to the control group. The mean expression level of NF κβ gene was significantly high in AML and ALL patients compared to the healthy control group (P=0.037 and P<0.001; respectively). The overall survival in AML patients was higher in NF κβ gene low expressers compared to high expressers (P=0.047). The number of AML patients who achieved complete remission was significantly higher in PIM2 gene low expressers in comparison to PIM2 gene high expressers (P=0.042).

Conclusion

PIM2 and NF κβ genes might have a role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia, poor overall survival, and failure of response to induction therapy.
Simplify long-term venous access via external jugular vein in children
Authors: Akman Mustafa
Published: May 2021

Background

Bone marrow transfer has begun to be widely used in complicated conditions, such as chemotherapy or hemodialysis, following the description of indwelling central venous catheters and demonstrating their suitability in pediatric patients. The widespread use of it has increased the incidence of complications as well. The use of external jugular vein catheterization, which is a safer route compared to the blind route of administration, has topographical difficulties. The findings obtained in this study showed that these difficulties could be overcome. Our study revealed that the catheterization was possible and described a facilitating technique. Of the pediatric patients involved in the bone marrow transfer programs, patients who were deemed eligible candidates for the use of external jugular vein, based on the preoperative assessment, were included in the present study.

Results

No early complication was observed in this study. The central catheter was placed on all patients in the same session. Catheters were inserted using the external jugular vein in 98 patients and percutaneous internal jugular vein in 2 patients. A central catheter was inserted through 105 interventions and 103 incisions in 100 patients. External jugular vein use, which was planned before the procedure, was achieved in 98 patients. The internal jugular vein was selected as the second option in 2 patients. The success rate of external jugular vein use was 95.1%.

Conclusions

The findings obtained in this study suggest that placement of a central catheter using an external jugular vein is an appropriate option. Application difficulties can be overcome. Mechanical and early complications are negligible compared to percutaneous blind techniques. The use of the external jugular vein route is easy, requires less equipment, has few complications, and the success of the procedure is a preoperatively predictable technique. External jugular vein catheterization is a better alternative compared to the Seldinger technique, in the absence of ultrasonography, which enhances the success of the percutaneous technique, and in cases where blind techniques, such as bleeding diathesis, may be unfavorable.
Mortality Risk in Patients With Adrenal Insufficiency Using Prednisolone or Hydrocortisone: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ngaosuwan Kanchana , Johnston Desmond G , Godsland Ian F , Cox Jeremy , Majeed Azeem , Quint Jennifer K , Oliver Nick , Robinson Stephen
Published: May 2021

Context

Prednisolone has been recommended rather than hydrocortisone for glucocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency due its longer duration of action and lower cost.

Objective

To determine mortality rates with prednisolone versus hydrocortisone.

Methods

In this observational study, we used data extracted from a UK primary care database (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) to measure the relative mortality of patients with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency, who were treated with either prednisolone or hydrocortisone, and control individuals who were individually matched for age, sex, period, and place of follow-up.

Results

As expected, mortality in adrenal insufficiency irrespective of cause was increased, based on 5478 patients (4228 on hydrocortisone; 1250 on prednisolone) and 54 314 controls (41 934 and 12 380, respectively). Overall, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was similar with the 2 treatments (prednisolone, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.54-2.01] vs hydrocortisone 1.69 [1.57-1.82]; P = 0.65). This was also the case for secondary adrenal insufficiency. In primary disease (1405 on hydrocortisone vs 137 on prednisolone; 13 965 and 1347 controls, respectively), prednisolone users were older, more likely to have another autoimmune disease and malignancy, and less likely to have mineralocorticoid replacement. Nevertheless, after adjustment, the HR for prednisolone-treated patients remained higher than for those taking hydrocortisone (2.92 [2.19-3.91] vs 1.90 [1.66-2.16]; P = 0.0020).

Conclusion

In primary but not in secondary adrenal insufficiency, mortality was higher with prednisolone. The study was large, but the number of prednisolone-treated patients was small, and they had greater risk factors. Nonetheless, the increased mortality associated with prednisolone persisted despite statistical adjustment. Further evidence is needed regarding the long-term safety of prednisolone as routine replacement.
Neprilysin Inhibition Increases Glucagon Levels in Humans and Mice With Potential Effects on Amino Acid Metabolism
Authors: Kjeldsen Sasha A S , Hansen Lasse H , Esser Nathalie , Mongovin Steve , Winther-Sørensen Marie , Galsgaard Katrine D , Hunt Jenna E , Kissow Hannelouise , Ceutz Frederik R , Terzic Dijana , Mark Peter D , Plomgaard Peter , Goetze Jens P , Goossens Gijs H , Blaak Ellen E , Deacon Carolyn F , Rosenkilde Mette M , Zraika Sakeneh , Holst Jens J , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J
Published: May 2021

Context

Inhibitors of the protease neprilysin (NEP) are used for treating heart failure, but are also linked to improvements in metabolism. NEP may cleave proglucagon-derived peptides, including the glucose and amino acid (AA)-regulating hormone glucagon. Studies investigating NEP inhibition on glucagon metabolism are warranted.

Objective

This work aims to investigate whether NEP inhibition increases glucagon levels.

Methods

Plasma concentrations of glucagon and AAs were measured in eight healthy men during a mixed meal with and without a single dose of the NEP inhibitor/angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, sacubitril/valsartan (194 mg/206 mg). Long-term effects of sacubitril/valsartan (8 weeks) were investigated in individuals with obesity (n = 7). Mass spectrometry was used to investigate NEP-induced glucagon degradation, and the derived glucagon fragments were tested pharmacologically in cells transfected with the glucagon receptor (GCGR). Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of NEP with or without concomitant GCGR antagonism was tested in mice to evaluate effects on AA metabolism.

Results

In healthy men, a single dose of sacubitril/valsartan significantly increased postprandial concentrations of glucagon by 228%, concomitantly lowering concentrations of AAs including glucagonotropic AAs. Eight-week sacubitril/valsartan treatment increased fasting glucagon concentrations in individuals with obesity. NEP cleaved glucagon into 5 inactive fragments (in vitro). Pharmacological NEP inhibition protected both exogenous and endogenous glucagon in mice after an AA challenge, while NEP-deficient mice showed elevated fasting and AA-stimulated plasma concentrations of glucagon and urea compared to controls.

Conclusion

NEP cleaves glucagon, and inhibitors of NEP result in hyperglucagonemia and may increase postprandial AA catabolism without affecting glycemia.
The exact annihilating-ideal graph of a commutative ring
Authors: VİSWESWARAN Subramanian , LALCHANDANİ Premkumar T.
Published: May 2021

The rings considered in this article are commutative with identity. For an ideal $I$ of a ring $R$, we denote the annihilator of $I$ in $R$ by $Ann(I)$. An ideal $I$ of a ring $R$ is said to be an exact annihilating ideal if there exists a non-zero ideal $J$ of $R$ such that $Ann(I) = J$ and $Ann(J) = I$. For a ring $R$, we denote the set of all exact annihilating ideals of $R$ by $\mathbb{EA}(R)$ and $\mathbb{EA}(R)\backslash \{(0)\}$ by $\mathbb{EA}(R)^{*}$. Let $R$ be a ring such that $\mathbb{EA}(R)^{*}\neq \emptyset$. With $R$, in [Exact Annihilating-ideal graph of commutative rings, {\it J. Algebra and Related Topics} {\bf 5}(1) (2017) 27-33] P.T. Lalchandani introduced and investigated an undirected graph called the exact annihilating-ideal graph of $R$, denoted by $\mathbb{EAG}(R)$ whose vertex set is $\mathbb{EA}(R)^{*}$ and distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent if and only if $Ann(I) = J$ and $Ann(J) = I$. In this article, we continue the study of the exact annihilating-ideal graph of a ring. In Section 2 , we prove some basic properties of exact annihilating ideals of a commutative ring and we provide several examples. In Section 3, we determine the structure of $\mathbb{EAG}(R)$, where either $R$ is a special principal ideal ring or $R$ is a reduced ring which admits only a finite number of minimal prime ideals.
The Network Great-Power Strategy: A Blueprint for China's Digital Ambitions
Authors: Bruyère Emily de La
Published: May 2021

executive summary: This essay seeks to explain China's network great-power ( wangluo qiangguo ) strategy, including its aims and means, the environment to which it applies, its metrics for success, and the digital ambitions that it propels. main argument China sees the information technology (IT) revolution as an opportunity to claim leadership over the world order. The network great-power strategy is Beijing's blueprint for the country to leapfrog the U.S. The strategy drives China's competitive, global ambition to define the digital era architecture, just as the U.S. claimed similar definitional influence over the post–World War II system. Today's IT-enabled environment, however, comes with higher stakes. policy implications • The network great-power strategy and its ramifications extend well beyond the cyber realm. The emerging digital architecture is poised to shape the real as well as the virtual domains. China's network great-power strategy relies on efforts in, and seeks influence over, both. • Beijing assesses that the network power contest hinges on scale, the ability to apply technology, and relative autonomy. Frameworks for understanding China's competitive capabilities should take this into account. • Beijing pursues the network great-power strategy through asymmetric integration whereby China establishes a critical role for itself in the international division of labor while keeping its own system relatively protected. Such asymmetry has defined decades of Chinese industrial and technological policy. But whereas in the past China leveraged this approach primarily to acquire access to resources and influence over markets, its asymmetric positioning now gives the country outsized influence over the international architecture. • The U.S. and China are candidates for systemic leadership at an inflection point that will shape the world. Today's determinative IT contest is not about developing the best, newest, or shiniest digital technologies but about defining the international architecture.
China's Drive for Innovation within a World of Profound Changes
Authors: Kania Elsa B.
Published: May 2021

executive summary: This essay examines China's drive for innovation as part of its national development strategy and addresses the tensions China faces between retaining control and autonomy in relevant sciences and technologies and becoming a global leader in these fields. main argument The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has assessed that the world is undergoing "profound changes unseen in a century" in part as a result of rapid advances in science and technology. The Covid-19 pandemic has heightened the impact of these changes and added to the disruption of the current global order. Such conditions present unique challenges and opportunities for China in the course of its national rejuvenation. Xi Jinping has accelerated the pursuit of China's rise as a great power, and the 14th Five-Year Plan highlights the country's capacity for innovation and to leverage science and technology in pursuit of that objective. Progress toward this goal, however, has been uneven. Although China aspires to be a new "high ground" in science and technology, the capacity for innovative Chinese technologies to go global may be undermined by a deficit of trust and transparency. If China does emerge as a leader in new frontiers of innovation in the course of the fourth industrial revolution, this shift could present significant implications for the future balance of power. policy implications • China's drive for innovation will continue to confront certain incongruities. While the CCP has prioritized innovation, the imperative of party control may undermine the necessary conditions for it. And while China has risen within and benefited from a world of open science, intense competition in the geopolitical environment is complicating that paradigm. • China and its technology companies have shown increasing technological prowess (e.g., in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic) but still face technical impediments to overcoming strangleholds in key areas, such as semiconductors, that act as chokepoints. • For the U.S. to sustain its traditional leadership in science and technology, it will need to revitalize and reinvest in innovation domestically.
The Triadic Conflict That Lies Ahead in the U.S.-China Tech Confrontation
Authors: Komiyama Koichiro , Tsuchiya Motohiro
Published: May 2021

executive summary: This essay examines how the triadic conflict between the U.S., China, and technology companies is shaping the governance of cyberspace. main argument With the increasing influence of global technology companies, a trilateral competition is emerging between the U.S., China, and these companies over supremacy in cyberspace. As common values are a prerequisite for cyberspace governance, each actor is advocating values that favor its position. The U.S. and other democracies argue that cyberspace must continue to be democratic, whereas China and other authoritarian states argue that state sovereignty is the highest guiding principle. The tech companies, on the other hand, want to ensure that cyberspace remains global. Sovereignty, globalization, and democratic governance thus constitute a trilemma between positions that are partly incompatible with each other. policy implications • With nations and tech companies on a collision course, the U.S. and Japanese governments should not confront two competitors at the same time. Instead, to push back against authoritarian regimes on cyberspace governance, democratic countries need to cooperate with tech companies. • Confronted with the trilemma between democracy, sovereignty, and globalization, policymakers can advance up to two of these values. However, advancing all three is not a viable option because of incompatibilities between these values in practice. • The triadic conflict in cyberspace can also be seen as a competition for access to data. As the U.S., China, and technology companies drive data into their own jurisdictions, difficult times lie ahead for other actors, such as developing countries, international organizations, regional security organizations, civil society, and standardization bodies.
Japan Takes the Lead in Western Pacific Maritime Security
Authors: Bradford John
Published: May 2021

executive summary: This article demonstrates that Japan has become the unassuming leader of multilateral security cooperation in the western Pacific and the local partner of choice for extraregional powers seeking to expand their role in maritime affairs within the second island chain. main argument After a 50-year history of delivering carefully balanced initiatives aimed at improving the maritime safety and security of Southeast Asian states, Japan has earned the region's trust as a maritime partner. From this position, it has steadily supported multilateral cooperation throughout the region and emerged as the western Pacific's most important maritime leader. Now, as extraregional powers seek to expand their roles in the western Pacific, they are generally turning to Japan as their partner of choice. Japan's Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) vision offers a common strategic umbrella that provides attractive utility for these states. An analysis of these trajectories shows that Japan has become the key regional maritime partner for Australia, the United Kingdom, India, Canada, and France. policy implications • Japan's proactive, balanced, and unassuming approach to security partnerships has earned it favor as the most trusted security partner among Southeast Asian states. • Japan leads by example by quietly facilitating multinational arrangements and lending reliable support to states and multilateral groups in the region. • The FOIP concept has become a common element of extraregional powers' policy approaches toward the western Pacific. The varied FOIP conceptualizations employed by these states are generally more akin to Japan's approach than to the U.S. Indo-Pacific posture, which is regarded as more focused on military aspects. • Japan's expanded efforts to build its bilateral security partnerships have been favorably received by powers outside the region, making it their partner of choice in the western Pacific.
Tracking Chinese Perceptions of Vietnam's Relations with China and the United States
Authors: Grossman Derek , Orner Paul S.
Published: May 2021

executive summary: This article sheds light on trends in Chinese assessments of U.S.-Vietnam relations and security cooperation to discern patterns in the security dynamics between the three countries. main argument Since the turn of the century, Chinese foreign policy experts have consistently assessed that while there will always be certain tensions in the China-Vietnam relationship, economic and geopolitical realities prevent Vietnam from aligning against China or collaborating with the U.S. to any significant extent. Although some Chinese experts began to question the durability of China-Vietnam ties following Beijing's expansive nine-dash-line claim over much of the South China Sea in 2009 and a series of standoffs over disputed waters starting in May 2014, the general Chinese assessment that Vietnam will not work too closely with the U.S. to counter China continues to prevail. policy implications • The consistency of Chinese analysts' perceptions strongly suggests that China is unprepared for major and abrupt shifts in Vietnamese hedging in the future. Chinese elites likely view the predictability of U.S.-Vietnam relations as favorable to their government's foreign policy and military strategy. Thus, any significant change in Hanoi's security cooperation with Washington would surprise and rattle Beijing. • Although Vietnam is unlikely to oppose China outright, it is also unlikely to collaborate with Beijing on security issues. This dynamic appears irreversible, barring a wholesale revamping of Chinese security policy in the South China Sea that includes recognition of and respect for Vietnam's exclusive economic zone and territorial claims. • China is unlikely to disrupt regional peace and stability over closer U.S.-Vietnam cooperation. Therefore, raising the U.S.-Vietnam partnership from "comprehensive" to "strategic" in Vietnamese parlance, as has been discussed in the past, would be unlikely to register much reaction from Beijing.
Retinal contour modelling to reproduce two-dimensional peripheral spherical equivalent refraction
Authors: Li Qing , Fang Fengzhou
Published: May 2021

Reproduction of the peripheral spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in the eye model is critical for investigations in myopia control. Based on the derivation of a linear relationship between SER and the vergence of the wavefront at exit pupil center, a computing method is proposed to locate the retinal points to reproduce the two-dimensional (2D) distribution of SER. The method is validated by reproducing SER maps measured on both emmetropic and myopic eyes in a realistic eye model based on measurement data. By fitting the retinal points to a general ellipsoid, the limited capability of the general ellipsoid model in reproducing the 2D map of SER is calculated and compared with original data. The high accuracy in SER reproduction and low time-cost of the proposed retinal-locating method can help significantly improve the precision and accuracy of customized wide-angle eye modelling.
Self-stabilizing curved metasurfaces as a sail for light-propelled spacecrafts
Authors: Gieseler Niels , Rahimzadegan Aso , Rockstuhl Carsten
Published: May 2021

Laser-driven spacecrafts are promising candidates for explorations to outer space. These spacecrafts should accelerate to a fraction of the speed of light upon illumination with earth-based laser systems. There are several challenges for such an ambitious mission that needs to be addressed yet. A matter of utmost importance is the stability of the spacecraft during the acceleration. Furthermore, the spacecraft sails should effectively reflect the light without absorptive-overheating. To address these requirements, we propose the design of a lightweight, low-absorbing, high-reflective, and self-stabilizing curved metasurface made from c-Si nanoparticles. A method to determine the stability is presented and, based on the multipole expansion method, the rotational stability of the curved metasurfaces is examined and the optimal operating regime is identified. The curvature is shown to be beneficial for the overall stability of the metasurface. The validity of the method is verified through numerical simulations of the time evolution of the trajectory of an identified metasurface. The results show that curved metasurfaces are a promising candidate for laser-driven spacecrafts.
EDUCATIONAL AND LINGUISTIC COMPONENTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE ALTAY TERRITORY: ACTUAL STATE AND STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS
Authors: Maximova Svetlana G. , Omelchenko Daria A. , Noyanzina Oksana E.
Published: May 2021

Regions of Russia are not only highly differentiated by their socio-economic position, but also differ by efficiency of regional policy aimed at using human capital for regional development. Many border regions, especially situated in the Eastern part of Russia and having agricultural character of economy, are more vulnerable due to their natural depopulation and great migration outflows. Education and health are two most important components of the human capital, and this article is focused on the second part, analyzed through gender, territorial and generational inequalities and their impacts on the level of satisfaction by material position on the materials of the sociological survey, conducted in the Altay territory in 2020 (n = 573, respondents’ age from 18 to 70 years). The analysis shows that despite general significance of education and its high return, educational trajectories and economic perspectives of using education differ significantly in socio-demographic and status groups. Linguistic competencies are poorly developed and practically remain unclaimed, the language proficiency works only in pair with other educational and professional achievements.
STUDY OF RETURN MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE BORDER REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Shakhova Ekaterina V. , Shcheglova Daria K.
Published: May 2021

In the modern world, the study of return migration is quite relevant and requires detailed study. However, it is characterized by some difficulties related to methodology, statistical accounting of return migrants and others. In this regard, many aspects of return migration remain incompletely investigated and require additional attention from scientists. This article reviews the results of studies, the conclusions of scientific articles describing the specifics of return migration in the Russian Federation, the motives for the return of compatriots, and the factors influencing the process of return migration. It also presents some of the results of a sociological survey (2020-2021, n=2540), which was aimed at studying return migration in the border regions of Russia.
POPULATION ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF PROVIDING CONDITIONS FOR WELL-BEING AND SAFE INTERACTION OF MIGRANTS AND THE RECEPTION POPULATION
Authors: Spirina Anastasiya S.
Published: May 2021

Migration processes are complex, multifaceted and have both positive and negative impact on various spheres of society and the state. From the experience of many countries, it can be noted that high migration dynamics can provoke and exacerbate tensions and hostility between migrants and the host population. This aspect makes it relevant to study the conditions for safe and reliable interaction between migrants and the host population. The article presents an analysis of sociological research in six border regions of Russia (n = 2452). The analysis of the effectiveness of providing conditions in the region for the safe and secure interaction of migrants and visitors, representatives of various nationalities and religions was based on six value judgments presented to the population. A general assessment of the effectiveness of the conditions of interaction is given and statistical differences are revealed in the context of socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, territory).
COMPARISON OF THE CONCEPTS OF THE LEVEL AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE: INCLUSIVE CONTENT
Authors: Sadyraliev Jandaraly S.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes and compares existing approaches to the interpretation and defining content of categories that characterize life satisfaction, such as «quality of life», «standard of life» in order to differentiate them, identify essential foundations and differences. The indicators of quality and standard of living are systematized and classified. The emphasis is made on identifying urgent problems in determining the quality of life. Welfare assessment methodologies are critically reviewed. The author makes conclusion about the need for a subjective approach to the assessment of the concept of the level and quality of life in Kyrgyzstan.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC SECURITY: ASSESSMENT OF THE VITAL LEVEL OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE ALTAI TERRITORY
Authors: Cherepanova Marya I. , Maximova Svetlana G. , Saryglar Sydysmaa A.
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the research proposed in the article is determined by the fact that one of the essential components of social security is the demographic situation in the country, the state and level of management of which determines demographic security. The purpose of the article is to describe the social mechanisms of deterioration of the socio-demographic indicators of the Altai Territory in the context of the functioning of the institutional security system of the region. The analysis of the features of the interdependence of demographic and social indicators of the population in the modern regional Russian society is presented on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach (demography, sociology, psychology); a multi-paradigm approach based on the synthesis of social theories of risk and security, well-being, self-preservation reserve of the population, reflecting the specifics of modern social reality. The concept of integrative social vulnerability is used, which is the basis for assessing and predicting the process of depopulation of the population at the national and regional levels and can be applied in the field of optimizing social state control of the security policy system. Conclusions are drawn that the social mechanism of the crisis functioning of the region is based on the interdependence of demographic and social processes; objective globalization trends and regional specifics of a typical Russian border region. An integrative study of the summation of economic, institutional, social, behavioral characteristics, typical self-preservation / self-destructive practices of the population of the region, allowed us to identify current trends and develop ways to optimize them.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL AREAS AND NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES (2020)
Authors: Kuzina Natalia V.
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the results of an array correlation analysis ministries and departments relevant statistical indicators in the Russian Federation regions in order to create a typical portrait of a region with rural population high proportion. Comprehensive data of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the General Prosecutor's Office of Russia, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Health of Russia, which are available in the public domain, were used. The village is characterized by lower wages, availability of labor resources, but also the need for them. The high number of rural population in the region also means an increase in the number of external migrants, tax arrears, an increase in turnover and a decrease in the cost of food products, and an increase in crime. Despite the decrease in the number of medical organizations in rural areas, the provision of rural areas with medical personnel and beds remains high. The village at the beginning of the XXI century is still a supplier of future university entrants.
FOOD SUPPLY-THE BASIS OF FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Polyanskaya Natalya M.
Published: May 2021

Currently, the problem of food supply to the regions and strengthening national food security is one of the criteria for the survival and development of any state. During the period of systemic state transformations in Russia, under the pressure of geopolitical factors, the issues of food supply have become particularly acute. the food problem rightfully occupies one of the central places in scientific research and practical discussions. The article is made using general scientific methods of cognition. The research is based on well-known scientific publications on the topic under consideration. The relationship between food supply and food security is considered. The scientific contribution is as follows: the organizational and managerial levels of the system of legal institutions that distinguish between the concepts of food supply and food security are defined; considers the systemic nature of food supply as a factor of food security; the institutional and functional structure of the food supply system is shown. The results of this study are of practical importance for state and municipal authorities in the organization and management of the food supply system.
GENDER FACTOR OF INTERNET ACTIVITY AND CONSUMPTION OF DIGITAL SERVICES
Authors: Gruzdeva Maria A.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the gender factor of differences in Internet activity and use of digital services. The information base includes data from a survey on Russia conducted by the Higher School of Economics and Rosstat, and the results of a sociological survey conducted in the Vologda Oblast in 2020. A comparison is made of the goals of visiting the Internet, the availability and level of development of digital skills, the use of state and municipal services in an online format for men and women using the methods of system-structural and cross-tabulation analysis. Shown that at the everyday level there are elements of the digital gender divide, largely due to gender stereotypes formed in society.
FEATURES OF LONELINESS EXPERIENCE ATHLETES IN YOUNG AGE
Authors: Sedova Natalia V. , Shamardina Marina V.
Published: May 2021

The problem of the experience of loneliness among young sportsmen acts as a predictor of determining the psychological well-being of the individual and is of decisive importance in the development of the personality at this age stage. The article defines theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of loneliness, presents a psychological portrait of athletes of adolescence, according to the results of an empirical study, coping strategies of behavior and differences in the peculiarities of experiencing loneliness, factors of psychological well-being, among athletes and young men who do not go in for sports, are highlighted.
Cholangiopathy After Severe COVID-19: Clinical Features and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Faruqui Saamia , Okoli Fidelis C. , Olsen Sonja K. , Feldman David M. , Kalia Harmit S. , Park James S. , Stanca Carmen M. , Figueroa Diaz Viviana , Yuan Sarah , Dagher Nabil N. , Sarkar Suparna A. , Theise Neil D. , Kim Sooah , Shanbhogue Krishna , Jacobson Ira M.
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, is a predominantly respiratory tract infection with the capacity to affect multiple organ systems. Abnormal liver tests, mainly transaminase elevations, have been reported in hospitalized patients. We describe a syndrome of cholangiopathy in patients recovering from severe COVID-19 characterized by marked elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) accompanied by evidence of bile duct injury on imaging.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted to our institution from March 1, 2020, to August 15, 2020, on whom the hepatology service was consulted for abnormal liver tests. Bile duct injury was identified by abnormal liver tests with serum ALP > 3x upper limit of normal and abnormal findings on magnetic resonance cholangiopacreatography. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, and histological findings were recorded in a Research Electronic Data Capture database.

RESULTS:

Twelve patients were identified, 11 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 58 years. Mean time from COVID-19 diagnosis to diagnosis of cholangiopathy was 118 days. Peak median serum alanine aminotransferase was 661 U/L and peak median serum ALP was 1855 U/L. Marked elevations of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and D-dimers were common. Magnetic resonance cholangiopacreatography findings included beading of intrahepatic ducts (11/12, 92%), bile duct wall thickening with enhancement (7/12, 58%), and peribiliary diffusion high signal (10/12, 83%). Liver biopsy in 4 patients showed acute and/or chronic large duct obstruction without clear bile duct loss. Progressive biliary tract damage has been demonstrated radiographically. Five patients were referred for consideration of liver transplantation after experiencing persistent jaundice, hepatic insufficiency, and/or recurrent bacterial cholangitis. One patient underwent successful living donor liver transplantation.

DISCUSSION:

Cholangiopathy is a late complication of severe COVID-19 with the potential for progressive biliary injury and liver failure. Further studies are required to understand pathogenesis, natural history, and therapeutic interventions.
GÉNERO, INVESTIGAÇÃO E ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Araújo Emília Rodrigues , Castañeda-Rentería Liliana Ibeth , Barros Victor F. A.
Published: May 2021

As temáticas relacionadas com o tempo, a academia e a ciência estão cada vez mais na ordem do dia. O momento atual de crise pandémica vem demonstrar a relevância e a atenção a dar às desigualdades de género que se apresentam em várias das dimensões da vida social e que afetam as trajetórias sociais das pessoas. A preparação deste número da revista BRAJETS foi impulsionada por esta tentativa de dar voz a estudos realizados sobre o tema género e academia e que, a par da demonstração empírica, apresentam ideias e recomendações de política que promovem a reflexividade sobre as desigualdades de género e alertam para algumas medidas de intervenção especificas no contexto das instituições de ensino superior e da investigação. Os artigos que reunimos neste número elucidam mais em concreto qual é a realidade em países em diferentes contetxos políticos e sociais da Europa e da América Latina e permitirem comparações, a um nível internacional e, de algum modo, global.
La perspectiva de género y la pedagogía crítica: el uso del portafolio como herramienta reflexiva en la enseñanza de la psicología
Authors: Macias-Esparza Lidia Karina
Published: May 2021

En este texto expongo argumentos sobre la importancia de incluir el análisis de la categoría género tanto en la enseñanza, como en la práctica, teorización y difusión de la disciplina psicológica, centrándome en el uso del portafolio electrónico como una herramienta para el desarrollo del pensamiento reflexivo y crítico, a partir de una experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje con profesionales de la psicología clínica y la psicoterapia.
Women academics in ukrainian tertiary education: gendered image of occupational segregation
Authors: Medina Tetiana , Plotnikov Yevhen , Zagoruiko Liudmyla
Published: May 2021

The representation of women in the managerial structure of the Ukrainian universities is the exception, rather than the rule. They are assigned to those sectors of university functioning that do not provide access to the management of resources (e.g. educational work), very rarely – position of deans of faculties and heads of chairs. After the analysis of conducted in-depth interviews with female and male rectors, vice-rectors and deans, some reasons for it could be mentioned: the influence of stereotypes (a successful woman in science is unsuccessful in family life; a woman is too emotional to be an effective leader), the insufficient activity of the women's (feminist) movement in the scientific space of Ukraine, uneven representation of women at all levels of university management. Vertical and horizontal occupational gender segregation is a mark of higher education system of Ukraine. The reasons are not only the overloading of women-researchers with housework, which does not allow them to compete with men successfully but also the effect of the “glass ceiling”, which is very acute in higher education institutions.
Trayectorias de producción científica y conciliación familiar de mujeres investigadoras en Quito
Authors: Clavijo Alexandra
Published: May 2021

La producción científica de las mujeres investigadoras en universidades de Quito es analizada en el presente estudio a través de los ejes de condiciones de trabajo, políticas públicas e institucionales y limitaciones para el desarrollo de la producción científica. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre la producción científica y la conciliación familiar de las mujeres investigadoras de diferentes áreas del conocimiento problematizando la noción de campo científico con las trayectorias personales basadas en género. Respecto a la metodología, es un estudio cualitativo. Se realizaron seis entrevistas en profundidad y un grupo focal con seis participantes. Siendo la estrategia de análisis el análisis del discurso organizado por enunciados en relación a las categorías señaladas como ejes.
Análisis con visión de género de las desventajas acumuladas de las investigadoras en los procesos de producción del conocimiento en México
Authors: Bracamontes Ramírez Perla Elizabeth , Castañeda Bernal Xóchitl Yolanda , Pérez Mora Ricardo
Published: May 2021

El presente escrito tiene el objetivo de analizar con visión de género la percepción de los investigadores de tiempo completo que forman parte del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI), sobre las condiciones que impactan en la producción del conocimiento y la libertad académica en dos contextos universitarios en México. El propósito es de hacer evidente las desventajas que acarrean las pautas socio-culturales del sistema sexo-género en la labor y desempeño de las investigadoras; además de testar si estos pueden ser elementos que impiden romper con el techo de cristal en las instituciones educativas, así como alcanzar la anhelada conciliación familiar. El análisis empírico a reportar parte de la investigación denominada “La libertad académica y las condiciones de producción y movilización colectiva de conocimiento de los investigadores”, con la representación de 25 entrevistas realizadas en dos Instituciones de Educación Superior Públicas mexicanas la Universidad de Guadalajara (U de G) y la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), las cuales forman parte del rainking de las mejores Instituciones de Educación Superior en Latinoamérica.
Atrapadas en casa: maternidad(es), ciencia y COVID-19
Authors: Castañeda-Rentería Liliana Ibeth , Araujo Emilia
Published: May 2021

El trabajo presenta un análisis de las tensiones y contradicciones entre el ejercicio de las maternidades y la labor científica en un momento en que las fronteras entre lo doméstico-familiar y lo público-laboral se borran, quedando expuesta la manera en que las mujeres siguen pensándose y seguimos pensándonos como las responsables exclusivas de los cuidados, derivado de la dimensión maternal que configura las identidades femeninas. Para el análisis empírico se recurre a notas de portales de noticias, así como a una netnografía de comentarios de mujeres académicas en diversos grupos de la red social Facebook donde se expresan los malestares propios de la doble o triple jornada que ahora se realiza atrapadas en casa. Destaca la existencia de un modelo de maternidad ideal tradicional en tensión con identidades profesionales femeninas autónomas e independientes, que ante el confinamiento derivado de la pandemia se visibiliza del mismo modo que se visibilizan las estrategias y malestares que provocan tanto en el ámbito del tiempo personal, como laboral.
Da teoria à prática: as questões de género nos planos curriculares dos cursos superiores de comunicação
Authors: Cerqueira Carla
Published: May 2021

A inclusão de temáticas de igualdade de género, interseccionalidade e direitos humanos nas diversas esferas de atuação relacionadas com a educação e formação começa a ser uma prioridade no domínio da investigação e da ação, uma vez que pode contribuir para sociedades mais inclusivas e promotoras de maior justiça social. Assim, neste artigo baseamo-nos no contexto português e analisamos os planos dos cursos do ensino superior do primeiro ciclo da área da comunicação com o objetivo de perceber se existem unidades curriculares que apresentem conteúdos relacionados com as questões de género, interseccionalidade e direitos humanos e qual a sua importância no desenho dos cursos que formam profissionais das diversas áreas da comunicação. Na linha de outros estudos desenvolvidos noutros contextos, nesta análise exploratória concluímos que são praticamente inexistentes unidades curriculares que se foquem sobre as temáticas da igualdade de género, interseccionalidade e direitos humanos. Esta ausência demonstra que estas questões não são tidas como uma prioridade nas agendas da educação e formação, o que pode ter impactos no desenvolvimento profissional em áreas tão centrais como as que estão envolvidas nos domínios da comunicação.
Motivos de elección de carreras universitarias por parte de estudiantes de bachillerato en México. un estudio comparativo desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Pérez Pulido Ignacio , Macías González Gizelle Guadalupe , Caldera Montes Juan Francisco
Published: May 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar si existen diferencias significativas en los motivos de elección de carrera universitaria entre hombres y mujeres estudiantes de bachillerato de la Región Altos Sur de Jalisco, México. La muestra se conformó por 3,152 estudiantes inscritos en 8 planteles educativos, de los cuales 58% fueron mujeres y 42% hombres, quienes contestaron un cuestionario ad hoc que permitió identificar su grado de interés por estudiar una carrera universitaria y los motivos que las y los impulsan a ello. Los resultados indican la presencia de diferencias significativas en los motivos de elección de la carrera universitaria, mientras ellas se decantan por la vocación en ellos influyen más los aspectos económicos y de reconocimiento social. Se concluye que los estereotipos de género aún influyen en la elección de la carrera universitaria entre el estudiantado de bachillerato por lo que se recomienda fomentar actividades de asesoría y orientación vocacional con perspectiva de género que permitan superar las creencias que limitan las decisiones de las y los jóvenes estudiantes.
Género y capital cultural en estudiantes de educación superior
Authors: Hernández González Eduardo , Contreras Tinoco Karla Alejandra
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo analizamos las diferencias de género de estudiantes universitarios en cuanto al capital cultural familiar, las prácticas de consumo cultural, el uso y apropiación de bienes culturales y servicios académicos de la universidad, así como en la evaluación de servicios, espacios y actividades universitarias. Para lograr este propósito, realizamos un estudio cuantitativo de tipo transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 374 estudiantes de las 13 opciones profesionales que se ofrecen en el Centro Universitario de la Ciénega de la Universidad de Guadalajara. En los resultados destaca que las mujeres tienen un capital cultural familiar menor y hacen un uso y apropiación de bienes culturales y servicios académicos menor que los hombres. Sin embargo, su desempeño académico es superior al de los hombres. Además, no hay diferencias en el capital cultural institucionalizado entre hombres y mujeres, ni en la evaluación de los servicios y los recursos que ofrece la universidad a sus estudiantes. En cuanto al consumo cultural identificamos que los hombres dedican más horas a jugar videojuegos, deporte y socialización que las mujeres.