bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinamika Psikologis Pengambilan Keputusan Orang Tua Menikahkan Dini Anak Akibat Hamil di Luar Nikah
Authors: Triyono Triyono
Published: November 2022

The decision to marry off children in early age due to premarital pregnancy is one of the most difficult decisions for parents. There is a psychological dynamic that accompanies the decision-making process. There is a basis and process for making these decisions. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the psychological dynamics of decision making by parents who marry off their children at an early age due to premarital pregnancy. This type of research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. The subjects in this study were five parents who were selected through purposive sampling. The Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews. Data analysis uses interactive analysis by Miles and Huberman with analysis activities consisting of three flows of activities that occur simultaneously, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results show that there are psychological dynamics that accompany the decision-making process of parents in marrying children due to premarital pregnancy. The various reactions that parents show when they find out that their child is pregnant are generally in the form of negative emotion, such as: shocked, upset, anger, sadness, disappointment, disbelief, and shame. The decision making by the subject's parents considers some basic decision making in the form of intuition, rationale, facts, experience and authority. There are four decision-making processes, namely: intelligence, design, choice, and implementation. According to the subject, the decision to marry off the children is the best alternative in solving the problem of premarital pregnancy.Keywords: Psychological Dynamic, Decision Making, Early Marriage, Premarital Pregnancy
Re-Aktivasi Instagram Sebagai Pemasaran Digital: Studi Kasus Psikologi Pemasaran UMKM BM
Authors: Indraswari Candra , Asiadhy Zidan Rasyid , Aulia Khasyina , Millennia Aisyah Vivie
Published: November 2022

Covid-19 is still endemic in all countries of the world and affects all sectors of people's lives, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, almost all sectors are affected, especially the economic ecosystem that has become the foundation of society. MSME is one of the activities that increase growth, movement, and economic development. Researchers are interested in exploring and examining the marketing methods carried out by BM SMEs. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method approach. The research informants this time were two people, the initials IS and AG. The IS informant is the owner of BM, while the AG informant is an employee of the marketing department. The data collection method used in this study was semi-structured interviews. The researcher uses a time triangulation technique which aims to cross-examine informants who know very well about BM. The results show that BM has Instagram social media but is not active. So that it is not optimal in doing marketing, especially in online marketing. Suggestions for business owners are to keep abreast of the times, such as optimizing the use of technology that is useful in developing a business. In addition, it also maintains and improves product quality so that it can compete with similar business people. Then suggestions for further researchers are to examine other factors in order to expand the scope of research.Keywords: Instagram, marketing psychology, MSME
PENGARUH PERAN PEMERINTAH SEBAGAI INVESTOR DALAM PERTUMBUHAN PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA
Authors: Hawanda Padilla , Nasution Arifah , Harahap Sakkot Muda
Published: November 2022

Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan adalah pertumbuhan yang ditopang oleh investasi, karena pertumbuhan ini dianggap dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sehingga membantu meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Untuk mencapai keberhasilan pertumbuhan ekonomi baik ditingkat pusat maupun daerah. Diperlukan peran serta baik dari masyarakat maupun pemerintah dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut
ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HARGA POKOK PESANAN PADA UD. MEBEL RIZKY JAYA KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Fatin Aina Nadhirah , Tiara Tiara , Kantun Sri
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perhitungan harga pokok produksi dengan menggunakan metode harga pokok pesanan pada UD. Mebel Rizky Jaya Kabupaten Probolinggo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Penentuan lokasi penelitian menggunakan metode purposive area yaitu di UD. Mebel Rizky Jaya Kabupaten Probolinggo. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumen, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu dengan menganalisis perhitungan harga pokok produksi dengan menggunakan metode harga pokok pesanan pada UD. Mebel Rizky Jaya di Kabupaten Probolinggo ditinjau dari biaya bahan baku, biaya tenaga kerja, dan biaya overhead pabrik (BOP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan perhitungan harga pokok produksi pesanan lemari sliding yang dibebankan dengan harga pokok produksi pesanan lemari sliding yang sebenarnya. Hal ini karena UD. Mebel Rizky Jaya Kabupaten Probolinggo hanya membebankan komponen BOP berupa bahan penolong dan biaya listrik. Komponen BOP lainnya seperti biaya penyusutan aset tetap, biaya telepon, biaya sewa gedung, dan biaya bahan bakar tidak termasuk. Selain itu, UD. Mebel Rizky Jaya Kabupaten Probolinggo tidak menghitung BOP dengan tarif yang telah ditetapkan di awal, sehingga BOP yang dibebankan pada pesanan lemari sliding baik polos maupun ukir masih kurang tepat.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN, MODAL USAHA DAN EKSPEKTASI PENDAPATAN TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA PADA SISWA
Authors: Setiani Indri , Hestiningtyas Widya , Winatha I Komang , Nurdin Nurdin
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan, modal usaha dan ekspektasi pendapatan terhadap minat berwirausaha pada siswa SMAN 1 Seputih Banyak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif verifikatif dengan pendekatan ex post facto dan survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 942 siswa SMAN 1 Seputih Banyak. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah non probability sampling dengan mengunakan teknik Purposive Sampling yang berjumlah 90 siswa SMAN 1 Seputih Banyak berdasarkan hasil perhitungan rumus T Yamane. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Pengujian hipotesis secara parsial dilakukan melalui uji t dan secara simultan dilakukan dengan melalui uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh baik secara parsial atau simultan antara pendidikan kewirausahaan, modal usaha dan ekspektasi pendapatan terhadap minat berwirausaha pada siswa SMAN 1 Seputih Banyak. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis, diperoleh  = 20,769 dan  = 2,71 yang berarti bahwa  >  dengan kadar determinasi sebesar 0,420 atau 42% dan sisanya 58% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Kajian Etnofisika Konsep Gerak Parabola Pada Permainan Tradisional Aceh “Geulengkue Teu Peu Poe”
Authors: Nurmasyitah Nurmasyitah , Virnalita Virnalita , Lubis Nur Azizah
Published: November 2022

Geulengkue teu peu poe merupakan salah satu permainan tradisional yang khas di provinsi Aceh. Permainan ini dapat dilakukan pada saat pembelajaran di sekolah terutama dalam pembelajaran fisika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji etnofisika konsep gerak parabola pada permainan tradisional Aceh geulengkue teu peu poe. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian eksperimen. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan sudut sama dari kayu pengungkit jarak terbesar 2,08 m dan terkecil 1,2 m dengan masing-masing waktu 0,57 s dan 0,4 s. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan jarak sama dari kayu pengungkit sudut terbesar 60° dan terkecil 20° dengan masing-masing waktu 0,72 s dan 0,37 s. hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan sudut sama dari kayu pengungkit tinggi maksimum terbesar 0,28 m dan 0,17 m dengan masing-masing jarak maksimum 1,93 m dan 1,19 m. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan jarak sama dari kayu pengungkit tinggi maksimum terbesar 0,64 m dan 0,14 m dengan masing-masing jarak maksimum 1,47 m dan 1,49 m.
Keefektifan Pengajaran Fisika Menggunakan Modul Elektronik Berbasis Multirepresentasi di SMA Negeri 15 Palembang
Authors: Sari May , Siahaan Sardianto Markos
Published: November 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas modul elektronik berbasis multirepresentasi  materi suhu dan kalor yang digunakan pada pembelajaran fisika di SMA Negeri 15 Palembang terhadap hasil belajar dan mencari hubungan gaya belajar dengan hasil belajar. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini yaitu quasi experiment dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design. Instrumen pada penelitian ini berupa tes hasil belajar siswa dengan format pilihan ganda, dari data hasil tes tersebut dilakukan analisis n-gain. Hasil yang didapat yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata pretest siswa yaitu 47,61 nilai rata-rata posttest siswa yaitu 80,97. Hasil analisis n-gain yaitu 0,629 dengan kategori keefektifan sedang. Hasil data angket gaya belajar  menggunakan uji korelasi dan didapatkan hasil siswa memiliki gaya belajar visual 43 siswa, audiotorial 16 siswa dan kinestetik sebanyak 8 siswa dengan koefisien korelasi 0,412 dengan kategori korelasi cukup. Jadi pembelajaran fisika menggunakan modul elektronik berbasis multi representasi efektif terhadap hasil belajar fisika serta terdapat hubungan antara gaya belajar dengan hasil belajar fisika.
Pengukuran Percepatan Gravitasi Di Kota Metro
Authors: Salim Muhammad Barkah , Widiartha I Wayan Ochha , Suseno Nyoto
Published: November 2022

Metro City is one of the cities in Lampung, Metro City has a height of 30-60 meters above sea level, but the value of the acceleration of gravity in Metro City is not yet known. Therefore, a study was conducted on measuring the acceleration of gravity in Metro City. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of the acceleration of gravity in the city of Metro, and find out how the difference in the acceleration of gravity in the city of Metro is calculated using the mathematical pendulum method and the acceleration of gravity in the CPU-Z application on Android. This study uses quantitative research with experimental methods in which there are numerical calculations and calculation of error/error values. The data collection instrument in this study used an observation sheet and a questionnaire sheet. Data collection was carried out in each sub-district for 5 trials. After that, look for the average size in each sub-district, then do a weighted calculation to find out the magnitude of the acceleration of gravity in the city of Metro. From the results of the study, the magnitude of the acceleration of gravity in Metro City with a mathematical pendulum is 9.86m/s2 with an error value of 0.011m/s2 and with CPU-Z application of 9.800 m/s2 with an error value of 0.003m/s2. The research results are made in the form of modules and validated. The results of the validation stated that it was very feasible with a score of 83.03 %.
Cu/CuO/ZnO/PPy heterojunction material was prepared for Hg2+ anti-interference detection in seawater
Authors: Li Ming , Li Zhengming , Dong Xiaotong , Jia Liangbin , Zhu Meiyan , Ma Ye , Zhao Minggang , Cui Hongzhi
Published: November 2022

Hg2+ pollution poses a major threat to human health and the ecological environment, but there is still a lack of direct and sensitive Hg2+ detection technology. In this study, Cu/CuO/ZnO wires were prepared by alkaline oxidation and hydrothermal methods. Polypyrrole (PPy) was covered on the surface of the material by electrochemical polymerization. Using the principle of electrochemical signal response driven by p-n junction barrier, the material was used for the direct electrochemical detection of Hg2+ and was tested by differential pulse voltammetry. The composite has a good linear relationship in the Hg2+ concentration range of 200–1600 nmol/L, and has ultra-high sensitivity (1,010.82 μA∙L/(nmol∙cm2)) and ultra-low detection limit (2.1 pmol/L). The new sensing mode based on the interface barrier eliminates the interference of other ions. The recovery rate of Hg2+ in tap water, river water and sea water is 97.3%–105.0%, and the RSD is 1.8%–5.6%. This method using p-n junction barrier can be extended to the development and research of other sensors for detecting heavy metal ions.
Research on innovative strategies of college students’ English teaching under the blessing of big data
Authors: Zhang Ruijuan
Published: November 2022

The rapid development of modern society is inseparable from information technology, and most of this information technology is based on big data, which makes the teaching field in the new era keep pace with the times and brings great changes to the academic activities in which teachers and students participate, as well as to the quality of their thinking skills, and thus, likely even their overall lives. Under the background of big data, through the effective application of relevant technologies, students’ learning is no longer limited to a relatively single traditional teaching level, and teaching needs strategic innovation. This paper improves the mathematical model of precision teaching strategy, establishes the empirical model of the optimal mode of College English teaching based on big data and puts forward relevant innovative teaching methods. Through the rational use of big data technology, the content and form of College English classroom teaching can be improved, so as to improve the quality of College English teaching.
Research on multi-dimensional optimisation design of user interface under Rhino/GH platform
Authors: Wu Wei
Published: November 2022

With the rapid development of computer science and technology, there is an increasing diversity observed in the use of electronic computers. Users browse interactive content such as text, images, audio, video, etc. The increase of the interactive interface results in a slow interface response and affects the user experience. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the user interface under the multi-dimensional optimisation of the Rhino/GH platform, and introduces the long short-term memory and gated recurrent unit algorithms in the visualisation part for optimisation; the study results suggest that the overall response time is 50% but lower than the traditional interface, and the time fluctuation is within 23.7%, which is 23.6% but lower than the traditional 47.3%. When interacting with multiple interfaces, the interaction interface optimised by the Rhino/GH platform maintains a fluctuation range within 29.2%, and the time increases by 13 ms, showing excellent stability and efficiency.
Control of Position, Velocity and Acceleration of Actuators Using Optimal State Estimation
Authors: Vodenčarević Asim
Published: November 2022

In order to improve performance of closed loop control and achieve highly accurate reference trajectory tracking, motion controllers have to utilize the advanced control and system state estimation algorithms. Classical PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller includes calculation of derivation of a process value in order to achieve system desired performance of a system. This paper presents Kalman filter as an optimal estimation algorithm on the model of a hydraulic actuator which is equally applicable to any other application that involves calculating derivations of noisy measurements. Alternative form of Kalman filter, suitable for implementation on a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) or any other embedded system is also presented.
Early Streamer Emission Vs Conventional Lightning Protection Systems
Authors: Banjanin Mladen , Banjanin Svetozar
Published: November 2022

This paper analyses and compares the conventional lightning protection systems proposed in IEC 62305 to the lightning protection systems based on the application of early streamer emission lightning rods proposed in NF C 17-102. Comparison between the two approaches to the lightning protection of structures was presented, both from a technical and economic point of view. Some inconsistencies in the conventional air termination system design methods are pointed out. The critical attitude of the scientific community regarding the declared protection characteristics of the early streamer emission lightning rods is discussed.
Operational Experience in Determining the Earth Fault on Resonant Grounded Networks
Authors: Lukač Marijan , Petric Krunomir , Marković Vide , Mikulić Katarina
Published: November 2022

Resonant grounding of the medium voltage (MV) network’s neutral point improves the power quality and creates conditions for development of more reliable network. By changing the way of the MV network grounding, conditions for relay protection of single phase fault (earth fault) are changed due to reduced value of zero sequence current during earth fault and demands on the relay protection are increased. Protection system is not able to selectively detect earth fault with high transient resistance and repetitive current earth faults in cable network, so it requires more sensible approach. In case of fault detection, technically more demanding fault indicators must be used. This article will show experiences in detecting earth faults in resonant grounded MV network of Elektra Zagreb.
Technical Progress in Limb Prostheses: A Classification of Existing Devices
Authors: Fodor Dimitrie-Cristian , Seghedin Neculai-Eugen
Published: November 2022

The technical evolution of the prosthetic field is swift and the technical solutions for the limb prostheses are found in a vast number of the specialized literature, therefore for good information management, a generalized classification of the field is necessary. Based on the use of the idea diagram method, a multicriteria classification of the lower and upper limb prostheses was performed. The classification was made according to the levels of limb amputation, the way of attaching prosthetic devices to the patient, the generations of technological performance adopted over time, the areas in which these prosthetic devices are used, and the mechanisms used for generation and transmission of forces in the joints of ankle & foot prostheses. The results include general information and help novice researchers in future approaches to the field of limb prostheses.
Quality and Risk Management in Industrial Production Systems: A Literature Review
Authors: Baltag Ciprian-Daniel , Morariu Cristin Olimpiu
Published: November 2022

Nowadays quality management and specific tools can represent a challenge in SMEs (small and medium enterprises). To assure the expected quality of the products, SPC (statistical process control) combined with industry 4.0 specifics offer instantaneous responses and triggers for needed actions. Therefore, risk analyses are used as enablers for quality-oriented behaviour, and risk mitigation and identification, together with collected data, represent a comprehensive system that leads enterprises to achieve the expected performance level needed to remain competitive in the market. In addition, risk management and quality management cannot be treated without looking at the maintenance activities and policies which can have a considerable impact on those two. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the papers from the quality management sector and articles where risk management and maintenance are seen as facilitators for quality improvement with an impact on the performance level. The main contribution of each paper is listed in the table which simplifies the reader’s access to the work done in the field and the overview presented enables easy access to trends in this field and offers a starting point for future research by presenting the gaps.
The Dynamic Equations of a Mechanical System Using the Bond-Graph Method and the Kinetic Energy
Authors: Ibănescu Radu , Ibănescu Mihaela
Published: November 2022

Based on the bond-graph model of a system dynamics, the differential equations that represent the mathematical model can be determined. In case of a system with storing energy elements in derivative causality and with more degrees of freedom, the computational effort is an important one. The present work proposes an easier method for finding the differential equations, based on the derivative of kinetic energy.
Influencing Factors of Cost Control and Environmental Sustainability in Saudi Arabia for Low-Rise Building Construction
Authors: Alhammadi S. A.
Published: November 2022

Several elements contribute to the environmental effect of building construction, and many stakeholders share responsibility for these issues. Architects and engineers have a considerable interest in the design of the materials and building methods because they are vital in the creation of a design. The environmental effect of various building construction materials should be evaluated to select environmentally friendly building materials. The environmental effect of life cycle of a material comprises not only the energy used in its production but also emissions released into the environment at each stage of production. Embodied energy is one way of measuring construction and recycling environmental impact and the effectiveness of CO2 emissions. The use of indigenous and local construction materials together with energy-saving and environmentally friendly alternatives, including different forms, construction, and management techniques, reduces needless spending by cutting down on construction expenses. This study focuses on developing a comprehensive and integrated approach to environmental sustainability and cost control in low-rise building construction in Saudi Arabia and some other Arab countries by using alternative construction and management techniques and environmentally friendly and energy-efficient innovative materials. Multiple design alternatives, which utilize appropriate cost effective building materials, consider the physical environment, utilize methods of industrialization, and incorporate cost effective construction techniques, are discussed.
Impacts of Climate Change on the Environment, Increase in Reservoir Levels, and Safety Threats to Earthen Dams: Post Failure Case Study of Two Cascading Dams in Michigan
Authors: Ghimire Sanjeeta N. , Schulenberg Joseph W.
Published: November 2022

Climate change has received significant attention lately as it has adverse environmental impacts. Among them, rising water levels in the reservoirs are of key concern for infrastructures such as dams. Dam officials are compelled to reconsider dam safety with the increment in catastrophic floods and accelerated dam failure issues. Relatedly, there are numerous earthen dams in the US that may not be up to the current design standards as these dams are aging. They possess a higher risk of failure due to various factors such as defects in design geometry, geologic materials, and hydrologic deficiency due to extreme storms associated with changing climate. Hence, this study focuses on evaluating the impacts of climate change on earthen dams and spillways by conducting a post-failure analysis of the two cascading dams, Edenville Dam and Sanford Dam, located in Michigan, USA, that failed in series in May 2020. The study aims to accomplish three main objectives: 1) to identify the role of climate change on recent dam failures of Edenville and Sanford, 2) to perform a Windows Dam Analysis Modules (WinDAM) C simulation for the failure analysis of the two dams, and 3) to perform Hydrologic Engineering Center - River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) simulation for the failure analysis of both dams by observing downstream propagation of flood with the detailed evaluation of depth and velocity. The overall results show that extreme storms and flooding are associated with the increase in temperature and precipitation rates, impacting overall dam safety. Careful precautions should be undertaken before any of these catastrophic dam events occur. The analysis is useful for the dam agencies as they reconsider their guidelines and policies for future updates.
Comparison of the Efficiencies of Web Cutouts for Steel Plate Girders with Corrugated Webs Versus Flat Webs Under Pure Shear
Authors: Tohamy A. S. , Badaran Sherif Farouk , El-Serwi Ahmed A. , Sadeek Rabiee Ali , Saddek Amr B.
Published: November 2022

Corrugated steel-plate girders are used as structural elements in many applications because of their properties, cutouts are always provided in these plate elements to enable inspection and servicing. This study presents an experimental and analytical study to investigate the efficiency of a steel-plate girder with corrugated webs (GCWs) and flat webs (GFWs) having cutouts under shear loading. In this study, we investigated the influence of some important parameters on the girders’ load-bearing capacity. The experimental program was conducted on six full-scale plate girders, which have been tested under central load at mid-span. The analysis was conducted using ANSYS V20 to perform a nonlinear technique for the determination of the ultimate load of the tested girders. Finally, experimental and finite element model were used to define the ratio of increasing carrying capacity in plate girder with flat and corrugated web, having cutout under shear loading. The ultimate strength, failure mechanism, and load-deflection curves from the experimental and analytical study show that the shear capacity of the girder with corrugated web girders extends loads by 22 % compared with the flat web.
Pollution of the Roadside Environment with Dust from Road Surface Repairs
Authors: Bieliatynskyi Andrii , Yang Shilin , Pershakov Valerii , Akmaldinova Oleksandra , Krayushkina Kateryna
Published: November 2022

The purpose of research work should be considered the practical aspects study of environmental pollution near highways with dust particles generated during repair work. The results of the study reflect the entire scope of research work carried out in order to determine the optimal composition of the concrete mixture for road repair work, which makes it possible to achieve a reduction in the emission of dust particles into the roadside environment and improve the environmental situation in the roadside. Also in this study, recommendations were proposed for the elimination of polluting factors and the elimination of negative consequences for the environment. The results and conclusions of this scientific study are of significant practical importance for road maintenance workers who professionally solve the issues of pavement repair, as well as for researchers conducting scientific research in the direction of studying environmental safety problems during road repair work.
Utilization of Limestone to Effect on Physical - Mechanical Properties of Fired Clay Brick
Authors: Al-Khazraji Hayder , Zemam Sajid Kamil , Mohsin Rasool Dakhil , Majeed Tiba Hameed , Abbood Al-zahraa Hayder
Published: November 2022

Limestone wastes have accumulated in large quantities in countries all over the world. To reduce this materials this work is presented. The goal of this paper is to study the influence of limestone powder on the physical and mechanical of fired clay bricks. It is as replacement of clay, varying the limestone content 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt %. The water / soil ratio is constant 0.3. Three stages of firing are presented to achieve the maximum temperature. The first one is 300 °C and the second one is 600 °C and the last one is 900 °C. Results for the physical properties are showed an increasing of water absorption of clay brick specimens with the limestone content increased, in addition the efflorescence is increased. However, the density and firing shrinkage are decreased with limestone quantity. For the mechanical properties, the results indicate that the clay brick specimens with higher limestone 20 %, showed a decrease in compressive strength and flexural bending strength.
Content of sterols in in vitro propagated Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub plants
Authors: Dreger Mariola , Gryszczyńska Agnieszka , Szalata Milena , Wielgus Karolina
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub (syn. Epilobium angustifolium L.) plants have been used in the treatment and alleviating symptoms of mild Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Plants are abundant in polyphenols, particularly ellagitannins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Apart from polyphenols, herb of this species also contains steroids, triterpenes and fatty acids.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the content of campesterol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol in C. angustifolium genotypes cultivated in vitro.

Methods: Plants grown in vitro and the plants harvested from field were subjected to the HPLC-DAD analysis.

Results: The investigated genotypes differed in sterol content. Stigmasterol (375.64–577.77 mg/100 g of dry weight – DW) was a predominant compound among the tested sterols. In contrast to in vitro cultures, plants harvested from field synthesized mainly β-sitosterol (103.05 mg/100 g DW), whereas campesterol and stigmasterol were less abundant.

Conclusions:
C. angustifolium in vitro cultures are rich source of phytosterols, particularly stigmasterol. Genotype had a significant effect on phytosterol accumulation under in vitro conditions.
Role of natural fatty acids in prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Niezgoda Joanna Teresa , Przerwa Filip , Kukowka Arnold , Aleksandrzak Justyna , Kotrych Katarzyna , Uzar Izabela
Published: November 2022

Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed the effects of supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) known as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), commonly called fish oils, on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. In a living organism, omega-3 FA (EPA and DHA) and omega-6 FA (arachidonic acid [AA]) are also involved in the formation of key regulators of platelet aggregation, vasodilation and inflammation. It is important to know that EPA and DHA act in different ways on membrane structure and lipid metabolism. For this reason, combining DHA with EPA may modify the clinical effects of only EPA treatment. The effects of omega-3 FAs on cardiovascular system remain uncertain. Two recent negative trials of EPA + DHA, STRENGTH and OMEMI, have put the utility of omega-3 FAs in preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular events under debate. This paper presents the actual knowledge on the role of polyunsaturated acids in cardiovascular diseases.
Effect of ethanolic extract of rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on vital signs, kidney, and liver safety
Authors: Nurani Laela Hayu , Darmawan Endang , Akrom  , Guntarti Any , Warsi  , Edityaningrum Citra Ariani , Harun Nurhidayati , Mardhiyani Dini , Syahrana Nur Azizah , Azizah Nur , Setianingsih Siti , Rohman Abdul
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) extract is often used as immune-stimulant because it contains flavonoids, especially anthocyanin and quercetin with antioxidant activities.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the safety of the rosella extract consumed in the form of capsules on the vital signs, haematologic parameters as well as kidney and liver function.

Methods: This research was conducted using clinical trial pre- and post-test design in healthy participants. There were 21 healthy participants (52% male, age ranged 8–45) consuming rosella capsules for thirty days, in a dose of 500 mg extract daily. Leukocytes, lymphocytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and vital signs were consecutively evaluated on days 0, 31, and 45, respectively. The Wilcoxon and paired sample t-test were used to compare the parameters among the evaluated times.

Results: The result showed that no significant difference for all parameters among the three time points (p>0.05).

Conclusion: These findings suggested that the administration of ethanolic extract of rosella is potential safe and does not negatively affect the vital signs, haemoglobin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, BUN, SGOT, and SGPT.
Workloads of Different Soccer-Specific Drills in Professional Players
Authors: Chena Marcos , Morcillo-Losa José , Rodríguez-Hernández María , Asín-Izquierdo Iván , Pastora-Linares Beatriz , Carlos Zapardiel Juan
Published: November 2022

Soccer is a predominantly tactical sport and, therefore, tactical training has become the most widely used strategy to improve players' performance. The objective of the present study was to assess the workload of soccer-specific drills in professional players over a two-season period in an established context. GPS technology was used to record the data. One hundred and thirty-two (n = 132) soccer-specific drills were studied and grouped by categories. The individual demands of each task were related to the individual competitive profile of each player. The level of physical demand was significantly different in relation to the specific soccer drills analysed. Total distance covered, high-speed running, and the total number of high accelerations and decelerations were significantly higher in competition than in drills used for training sessions (p < .001). The Large-Sided Games (LSG), Big-Position Games (BPG) and Position Games (PG) showed higher maximum running speed values than the rest of the exercises (p < .01). The sum of high accelerations and decelerations values was greater in the Small-Sided Games (SSG) than in BPG (p < .001), Small-Position Games (SPG) (p < .001) and Physical-Technical Circuits (PTC) (p < .001). Significant differences were observed in the exercises analysed according to the player’s position. The current findings provide a detailed description of conditional demands placed on soccer players in different soccer-specific drills during training sessions, in a professional soccer context and according to their playing position, which may be helpful in the development of individualized training programs in other contexts.
An Acute Kidney Injury Prediction Model for 24-hour Ultramarathon Runners
Authors: Hsu Po-Ya , Hsu Yi-Chung , Liu Hsin-Li , Fong Kao Wei , Lin Kuan-Yu
Published: November 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently seen in ultrarunners, and in this study, an AKI prediction model for 24-hour ultrarunners was built based on the runner’s prerace blood, urine, and body composition data. Twenty-two ultrarunners participated in the study. The risk of acquiring AKI was evaluated by a support vector machine (SVM) model, which is a statistical model commonly used for classification tasks. The inputs of the SVM model were the data collected 1 hour before the race, and the output of the SVM model was the decision of acquiring AKI. Our best AKI prediction model achieved accuracy of 96% in training and 90% in cross-validation tests. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 90% and 100%, respectively. In accordance with the AKI prediction model components, ultra-runners are suggested to have high muscle mass and undergo regular ultra-endurance sports training to reduce the risk of acquiring AKI after participating in a 24-hour ultramarathon.
Dynamic Stretching Increases the Eccentric Rate of Force Development, but not Jump Height in Female Volleyball Players
Authors: Araya-Ibacache Mauricio , Aedo-Muñoz Esteban , Carreño-Ortiz Pablo , Moya-Jofré Christopher , Prat-Luri Amaya , Cerda-Kohler Hugo
Published: November 2022

The present study aimed to analyze the effect of static and dynamic stretching exercises on the rate of force development (RFD) during the eccentric braking phase and jump height in a countermovement jump (CMJ) in female volleyball players. Thirty female volleyball players were randomly distributed in a static stretching (n = 10; SG), a dynamic stretching, and (n = 10; DG) a control group (n = 10; CG). A force plate and a 3D analysis system were employed to detect the eccentric braking phase during the CMJ. The RFD was analyzed in RFD (RFDi) intervals and the accumulated RFD (RFDa), and normalized to body mass. The SG experienced a likely small decrease in the RFDa (mean difference −17.4 N/s/kg) and a likely small decrease in the RFDi (mean difference −19.1 N/s/kg). Contrarily, the DG showed a likely small increase in the RFDa (mean difference 31.2 N/s/kg) and a most likely small increase in the RFDi (mean difference 34.8 N/s/kg). The effect of both static and dynamic stretching on jump height was trivial. Practitioners should consider utilizing dynamic stretching exercises instead of static stretching before a competition in female volleyball players. Further research is needed in order to find complementary strategies during the warm-up that could increase jump height.
Influence of Spine-Focused Verbal Instruction on Spine Flexion During Lifting
Authors: Becker Nevinn , Ziebarth Amber , Larson Dennis , Zwambag Derek , Brown Stephen
Published: November 2022

Lifting with a flexed spine, especially near the end range of motion, has been identified as a potential risk factor for low back injury/pain. Therefore, individuals who develop discomfort from repetitive, prolonged and/or loaded flexed or slouched postures may benefit from a greater awareness of how to control and/or modify their spinal posture to avoid irritating their backs in these situations. This study was therefore designed to test the ability of spine-oriented verbal instructions to reduce intersegmental spine flexion during three lifting tasks. The lifts were first performed without any instructions on lifting technique. An audio recording was then played with instructions to limit bending in the lower back before repeating the lifts. Following the verbal instructions, maximum spine flexion angles significantly (p < 0.05) decreased at intersegmental levels in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar (T8/T9 to L2/L3) regions, but no significant changes were observed at the lower lumbar levels (L3/L4 to L5/S1). Thus, it is concluded that spine-oriented verbal instructions can decrease spine flexion during lifting; however, other cues/instructions may be required to target lower lumbar levels which have been identified as the most prone to injury/pain.
Associations of Masticatory Muscles Asymmetry and Oral Health with Postural Control and Leg Injuries of Elite Junior Soccer Players
Authors: Solleveld Henny , Slaets Bram , Goedhart Arnold , VandenBossche Luc
Published: November 2022

The influence of asymmetry between masticatory muscles on postural control is still under debate and only few studies examined the impact of oral health on injury risk.
The present study investigated the relationships between masticatory muscles asymmetry, oral health, postural control and the prevalence of (non-contact or traumatic) leg injuries in a sample of 144 male elite junior soccer players. sEMG of the masseter and temporal muscles was performed during maximum teeth clenching, postural control was tested by measuring sway velocity during the unipedal stance with eyes closed, while oral health and the number of leg injuries were assessed using a questionnaire. The time-1 assessment was repeated in a subgroup of 69 players after one year. Pearson and partial correlation coefficients and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were used to assess associations. Asymmetry between the masseter and temporalis muscles (AMTM, quantified as anteroposterior coefficient, APC) was associated with higher sway velocity on the dominant leg (using time-1 data partial r = -0.24, p = 0.004, using longitudinal data partial r = -0.40, p = 0.005). Higher prevalence of two or more leg injuries throughout a competitive season was associated with poor oral health (adjusted OR (95%CI) using time-1 data = 2.14 (1.02–4.46), using longitudinal data = 4.47 (1.25–15.96)). These results indicate that AMTM has a negative influence on the sway velocity of the dominant leg only, possibly because frequent balancing exercises on the non-dominant leg may counteract negative influences of AMTM. The association of oral health with leg injuries underlines the need for oral health promotion and monitoring strategies in sports.
Acute Effects of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Volleyball Performance in High-Performance Female Players
Authors: Filip-Stachnik Aleksandra , Kaszuba Magdalena , Dorozynski Bartlomiej , Komarek Zuzanna , Gawel Dawid , Del Coso Juan , Klocek Tomasz , Spieszny Michal , Krzysztofik Michal
Published: November 2022

To date, no investigation has studied the effect of acute intake of caffeinated chewing gum on volleyball performance. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to establish the impact of caffeinated chewing gum ingestion on physical performance in female volleyball players. Twelve high-performance volleyball female athletes participated in a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled, and double-blind experiment. Each athlete performed two identical experimental sessions after a) ingestion of ~6.4 mg/kg of caffeine via caffeinated chewing gum, b) ingestion of non-caffeinated chewing gum as a placebo. After the ingestion of gum, athletes performed a volleyball game, and performance was assessed by a notational analysis. Just before and after the game, jump performance during block and attack actions was evaluated. The number of points obtained and the number of errors committed during serve, reception, attacking, and blocking actions were unaffected by the ingestion of caffeinated chewing gum (p from 0.066 to 0.890). However, caffeinated chewing gum increased jump attack height in comparison to the placebo (pre-game 46.0 ± 7.2 vs. 47.2 ± 6.7 cm, p = 0.032; post-game 46.3 ± 7.6 vs. 47.5 ± 6.9 cm, p = 0.022, respectively). Caffeinated chewing gum did not modify block jump height (pre-game 32.7 ± 5.5 and 33.0 ± 4.3 cm, p = 0.829; post-game: 34.8 ± 6.1, 35.4 ± 6.1 cm, p = 0.993, respectively). The ingestion of ~6.4 mg/kg of caffeine via caffeinated chewing gum was effective for improving jump attack performance in women volleyball athletes. However, this effect was not translated into better volleyball performance during a game.
Acute Effects of Post‑Activation Performance Enhancement of 5RM Weighted Pull‑Ups and One Arm Pull‑Ups on Specific Upper Body Climbing Performance
Authors: Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof , Kandzia Klaudia
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to compare the acute effects of performing two kinds of pull-ups: traditional, pronated grip pull-ups performed with two arms and additional weight with loading intensity of 5RM and one-arm pull-ups, on specific upper body climbing power. Twenty-four advanced climbers participated in the study. The International Rock Climbing Research Association (IRCRA) Power Slap Test was chosen to assess specific upper body climbing power. All athletes performed the test under three conditions: control (without a conditioning activity) and both kinds of pull-ups as conditioning activities. Results revealed significant improvements in the Power Slap's distance, power, velocity, and force in 5RM weighted pull-ups, but not in one-arm pull-ups. In the latter case, participants reached higher power values after the conditioning stimulus, but the effect size was small. Also, the differences with the remaining variables (power, speed, and force) were non-significant. The results suggest that weighted pull-ups with a 5RM intensity and not one arm pull-ups seem to be an effective PAPE stimulus. Therefore, the former can be used as a conditioning activity before an explosive climbing exercise such as the Power Slap on a campus board.
Low-Load Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction Increases Hypoxia-Induced Angiogenic Genes Expression
Authors: Volga Fernandes Rodrigo , Tricoli Valmor , Garcia Soares Antonio , Haruka Miyabara Elen , Saldanha Aoki Marcelo , Laurentino Gilberto
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to determine whether low-load exercise (LL) with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR) would induce similar changes in expression of genes involved in hypoxia and angiogenesis compared to LL and high-load exercise (HL). Twenty-four males (age: 21.3 ± 1.9 years, body height: 1.74 ± 0.8 m, body mass: 73 ± 1.8 kg) were allocated into three groups: low-load exercise (LL), low-load exercise with blood-flow restriction (LL-BFR), and high-load exercise (HL). For the LL-BFR group a pneumatic cuff was inflated at 80% of the arterial occlusion pressure. All participants performed bilateral knee extension exercise, twice a week, for 8 weeks. LL and LL-BFR groups performed 3-4 sets of 15 reps at 20% 1RM, whilst the HL group performed 3-4 sets of 8-10 reps at 80% 1RM with a 60-s rest interval between sets. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and beta (HIF-1β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes expression were assessed before and after training. HIF-1α and HIF-1β mRNA levels significantly increased in the LL-BFR group and exceeded those elicited by HL and LL groups (p < .0001). VEGF gene expression was increased in both LL-BFR and HL groups, however, LL-BFR elicited a greater increase than LL (p < .0001). nNOS and iNOS genes expression significantly increased in all groups with greatest increases being observed in the LL-BFR group (p < .0001). The findings suggest that LL-BFR induces greater increases in genes expression related to hypoxia and angiogenesis than traditional resistance training.
Characteristics of Falls Among Men’s Wheelchair Rugby Players in the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Summer Paralympic Games: A Video Analysis
Authors: Tashiro Tsubasa , Maeda Noriaki , Sasadai Junpei , Shimizu Reia , Suzuki Akira , Komiya Makoto , Fukui Kazuki , Tsutsumi Shogo , Arima Satoshi , Kaneda Kazuki , Yoshimi Mitsuhiro , Mizuta Rami , Abekura Takeru , Esaki Hinata , Terada Tomoki , Urabe Yukio
Published: November 2022

Wheelchair rugby is a contact sport in which falls are common and injury rates are high, yet the characteristics of the falls are still under-reported. We investigated the fall characteristics of men’s wheelchair rugby players by functional classification, using all 36 official match videos from the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 summer Paralympic Games. The videos were analyzed to evaluate the number of falls, playing time when the fall occurred, playing phase (offense or defense), contact with other players, foul judgement, direction of the fall, and the body part first in contact with the floor. All 182 men’s wheelchair rugby players (Rio 2016, 94; Tokyo 2020, 88) were classified as low-point players or high-point players depending on their functional classification. A total of 200 falls were detected, 27 (13.5%) for low-point players and 173 (86.5%) for high-point players. Significant differences were noted between low-point players and high-point players in the direction of the fall and body part first in contact with the floor. High-point players had more falls in the forward and left-right directions, whereas low-point players were characterized by a higher percentage of falls in the left-right and backward directions. Additionally, high-point players landed on the floor with their hands with high frequency, whereas low-point players landed with their elbows and shoulders more often. Our findings suggest the significance of devising measures to prevent falls during men’s wheelchair rugby games according to their functional classification.
Ramsey actions and Gelfand duality
Authors: Fouché Willem L.
Published: November 2022

In this paper we discuss structural Ramsey theory and how it relates to the understanding of extremely amenable groups with an emphasis on the measure theoretic nature of this problem. We discuss the problem within Blass-Ramsey actions on discrete spaces and and more general group actions on compact spaces and explore how we can look at these problems by looking at Gelfand duals of commutative C
*-algebras.