bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain assessment and post-operative pain management in orthopedic patients
Authors: Schmelling W. , Poulsen J.N. , Christrup L. , Gazerani P.
Published: August 2017

Aims

A fast-track based surgical treatment reduces morbidity and hospital stay by providing early mobilization. Sufficient postoperative pain management is mandatory for early mobilization and optimal utilization of rehabilitation measures. Insufficient postoperative pain management is however a widespread problem. Lack of knowledge about pain and pain treatment among health care professionals and general community has been considered as a major potential contributor in insufficient pain management. It has been suggested that severe postoperative pain might imply a potential risk of developing chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to examine this problem in acute and elective surgical patients in department of orthopedic surgery at Bispebjerg Hospital in order to identify obstacles and possibilities for future improvement.

Methods

Questionnaires were developed and distributed to patients consisted of 10 acute admitted and 10 elective orthopedic patients. The patients’ pain scores were recorded with a 0–10 NRS scale. The scores were obtained for current pain in rest, current pain in activity, and the highest and lowest pain intensity for the last 24 hours. Data were handled using descriptive statistics.

Results

The goal for sufficient pain treatment was patients with pain score at ≤ 3 NRS at rest and ≤ 5 in activity. For pain at rest 45% of the patients were within the goal range and 55% for the current pain in activity. For the mildest pain experienced in the last 24 h, 75% and for the worst pain experienced 30% of the patients reached the goal.

Conclusions

Corresponding to similar studies, half of the patients received a sufficient pain treatment at the time of examination. The consequences for insufficient pain management would be reduced effect of the physiotherapy, reduced ability to handle every day activity, sleep disturbances, and potential risk of developing chronic pain.
Experimental neck muscle pain increase pressure pain threshold over cervical facet joints
Authors: Qu Ning , Lindstrøm René , Pessoto Hirata Rogerio , Graven-Nielsen Thomas
Published: August 2017

Aims

Evaluate pressure pain threshold (PPT) over cervical facet joints before and after injection of experimental pain in the trapezius and multifidus muscles.

Methods

Fourteen healthy subjects (6 women) received randomized ultrasound-guided injections of hypertonic saline (5.8%), in the right multifidus muscle medial to C4/C5 facet joint and in the right trapezius muscle at the midpoint between C7 spinous process and acromion. The saline-induced pain intensity was assessed on a VAS scale. Before and during saline-induced pain PPTs were assessed by pressure algometry bilaterally over C2/C3 and C5/C6 facet joints. Three-way repeated-measures ANOVA with factors PPT location, injection site, and time was used for analysis. Post-hoc analysis was done by Bonferroni.

Results

Saline-induced trapezius muscle pain increased PPTs over all facet joints (P < 0.05) compared with before pain. Saline-induced multifidus muscle pain increased PPTs bilaterally over C2/C3 facet joints and over the left C5/C6 facet joint (P < 0.05) compared with before pain.

Conclusions

Trapezius muscle pain increased PPT over assessed facet joints. Similar results were found for multifidus muscle pain except for the right C5/C6 facet joint, which was close to the injection site. Such findings may reflect descending inhibitory control acting on structures furthest away from the painful structure.
Evaluation of the benefits from the introduction meeting for patients with chronic non-malignant pain and their relatives in interdisciplinary pain center
Authors: Kristensen H.L.A. , Madsen M. , Jensen P.B.F. , Pawlak W.Z.
Published: August 2017

Background

Treatment of patients with chronic nonmalignant pain (CNMP) is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary effort. In a multidisciplinary pain center, patients are treated by a team of doctor, nurse, physiotherapist, psychologist and social worker. Especially in the beginning of treatment patients receive much information. Many patients and their relatives have problems with comprehending it.

Objective

This is an action research study aimed to find the optimal mode for to introduce patients with CNMP and their relatives to the multidisciplinary pain treatment.

Method

In the fall of 2016, we began to invite patients and their relatives to the introduction meeting (IM), which takes place in groups of up to 20 people, has duration of 1 hour and is led by the physiotherapist and nurse, but the physician is also present. Invited patients are able to understand written and oral Danish and are not suffering from social phobias. During IM facts about the center, treatment course and pain physiology are presenter. Immediately after IM, participants are anonymously asked about their experiences.

Results

Up to date (February 2017) 254 patients were invited. Invitation was rejected by 63 patients (24,8%). Question about understanding of chronic pain was answered by 108 participants (both patients and their relatives), and 103 participants declared better understanding of chronic pain after IM end before. 69 participants answered question about understanding of treatment course in the center. All but 2 participants declared after IM at their understanding was better end before. In fact, 31 (44,9%) participants estimated changes in understanding of treatment course as much significant.

Conclusion

The IM at the beginning of multidisciplinary therapy seems to be a promising activity for patients with CNMP referred to the multidisciplinary pain center, as well as for their relatives. Study is ongoing and updated results will be presented at the conference.
Reflections on sensing practice and power: A Response to Fleur Johns
Authors: Alexander Anne
Published: August 2017

One of the great strengths of Fleur Johns’ approach is her conceptual starting point: that sensing and knowing are intimately connected but distinct, and that therefore “sensing practice … encompasses those ways of knowing, or claims to knowledge, that are mobilized in the course of perception.” To borrow John Berger’s phrase, sensing practice is a “way of seeing” and whether we are viewing European oil paintings or the human-readable rendering of an algorithmic reading of data from a satellite, it is only possible to fully understand this process by recognizing that “sights” cannot be understood separately from society. Johns’ exploration of the questions of power and agency that are posed by an investigation into the implications of adopting new sensing technologies by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is important and timely because it opens up a wider discussion about the role played by Machine Learning (ML) in a wide range of social contexts, prompting us to ask about the social relations through which the technology itself is produced and used.
The shape of change: an EOF approach to identifying sources of transient thickness change in an ice shelf
Authors: Campbell Adam J. , Hulbe Christina L. , Lee Choon-Ki
Published: August 2017

Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) is known to experience transient thickness change due to changes in the flow of its tributary ice streams and glaciers and this may complicate identification of external, climate-forced signals in contemporary observations of ice shelf thinning and thickening. Flux changes at the lateral boundaries produce both instantaneous and longer timescale adjustments in the coupled velocity and thickness fields. Here, we adapt a statistical approach to output from a numerical model of ice shelf flow to identify characteristic patterns (spatial response surfaces) associated with stepped and cyclic perturbations to boundary fluxes. Once known, characteristic patterns identified in observational data may be attributed to specific sources. An example involving discharge of Byrd Glacier into RIS is described. We find that spatial response surfaces for thickness and velocity generated in individual flow model experiments appear to be independent of flux perturbation shape and magnitude. Additionally, recent acceleration of Byrd Glacier is apparent in ICESat-detected change in RIS thickness.
Risk and Protective Factors for Mental Health and Community Cohesion After the 2013 Calgary Flood
Authors: Hetherington Erin , McDonald Sheila , Wu Muci , Tough Suzanne
Published: August 2017

Objective

To examine mental health and community cohesion in women living in Calgary after a natural disaster considering previously collected mental health data.

Methods

Data from an ongoing longitudinal cohort, the All Our Families study, were used to examine mental health and community cohesion 5 months after a major flood in Calgary, Canada. Participants who had completed a baseline questionnaire before the flood were eligible for inclusion in this study (N=923). Four multivariable logistic regression models were built to examine predictors of post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and community cohesion.

Results

Elevated anxiety before the flood was associated with 2.49 (95% CI: 1.17, 5.26) increased odds of experiencing high levels of post-traumatic stress, regardless of whether respondents lived in a flood-risk community or not. Women who experienced damage to property, or who provided help to others, were more likely to perceive an increased sense of community cohesion (adjusted ods ratio (AOR): 1.67; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.54 and AOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.52, respectively).

Conclusions

Women with underlying mental health conditions may be more vulnerable to the psychological impacts of a natural disaster regardless of their level of exposure. Natural disasters may bring communities together, especially those who were more tangibly impacted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:470–477)
Design prototyping methods: state of the art in strategies, techniques, and guidelines
Authors: Camburn Bradley , Viswanathan Vimal , Linsey Julie , Anderson David , Jensen Daniel , Crawford Richard , Otto Kevin , Wood Kristin
Published: August 2017

Prototyping is interwoven with nearly all product, service, and systems development efforts. A prototype is a pre-production representation of some aspect of a concept or final design. Prototyping often predetermines a large portion of resource deployment in development and influences design project success. This review surveys literature sources in engineering, management, design science, and architecture. The study is focused around design prototyping for early stage design. Insights are synthesized from critical review of the literature: key objectives of prototyping, critical review of major techniques, relationships between techniques, and a strategy matrix to connect objectives to techniques. The review is supported with exemplar prototypes provided from industrial design efforts. Techniques are roughly categorized into those that improve the outcomes of prototyping directly, and those that enable prototyping through lowering of cost and time. Compact descriptions of each technique provide a foundation to compare the potential benefits and drawbacks of each. The review concludes with a summary of key observations, highlighted opportunities in the research, and a vision of the future of prototyping. This review aims to provide a resource for designers as well as set a trajectory for continuing innovation in the scientific research of design prototyping.
Passive pitching of splitters in the trailing edge of elliptic cylinders
Authors: Jin Y. , Chamorro L. P.
Published: August 2017

The distinctive pitching of hinged splitters in the trailing edge of elliptic cylinders was experimentally studied at various angles of attack ($AoA$) of the cylinder, Reynolds numbers, splitter lengths, aspect ratios ($AR$) of the cylinder and freestream turbulence levels. High-resolution telemetry and hotwire anemometry were used to characterize and gain insight on the dynamics of splitters and wake flow. Results show that the motions of the splitters contain various dominating modes, e.g. $f_{p}$ and $f_{v}$, which are induced by the mean flow and wake dynamics. High background turbulence dampens the coherence of the regular vortex shedding leading to negligible $f_{v}$. For a sufficiently long splitter, namely twice the semimajor axis of the cylinder, dual vortex shedding mode exists close to the leading and trailing edges of the splitter. In general, the splitters oscillate around an equilibrium position nearly parallel to the mean direction of the flow; however, a skewed equilibrium is also possible with a strong recirculation region. This is the case with cylinders of low $AR$ and high $AoA$, where higher lift and drag occurs. Flow measurements at various transverse locations within the wake of the cylinder–splitter system indicate that the signature of the low-frequency splitter pitching is shifted in the wake in the cases with non-zero $AoA$ of the cylinder. Although the splitter pitching exhibits two dominant vortex shedding modes in various configurations, only the higher frequency is transmitted to the wake.
Spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in relation to geo-ecological features in South Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Shriram A.N. , Sivan A. , Sugunan A.P.
Published: August 2017

The study was undertaken in South Andaman district, comprising three tehsils, viz. Port Blair, Ferrargunj and Little Andaman Tehsils, respectively. Intensive pupal infestation surveys were carried out along the National Highway (NH 223), the main passenger and trade route, referred to as Great Andaman Trunk Road. Sampling locations at every 3 km were geo-referenced with global positioning system unit. A total of 17314 water collections were examined from 29 locations across the South Andaman district, among which 1021 (5.9%) were colonized by immature stages of Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and other mosquito species. Ae. aegypti were found in 12 locations, showing higher infestation in the densely built Aberdeen Bazaar. Breeding populations of Ae. albopictus were observed in 27 sampling locations. Both the species were not recorded in two Northern localities. In the areas where both the species are present, they were often found in the same developmental sites, suggesting convergent habitat selection. The most frequently encountered man-made, artificial and natural developmental sites were fixed cement tanks, plastic drums, plastic cans, metal drums, metal pots, discarded tires, coconut shells, leaf axils and tree holes. Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were observed in varying proportions in Port Blair and Ferrargunj Tehsils, while the former species appeared to be absent in Little Andaman. This study elucidates the spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus with preponderance of the latter species, pointing towards arboviral transmission and assumes public health importance in South Andaman district, endemic for dengue.
The AusBeef model for beef production: I. Description and evaluation
Authors: DOUGHERTY H. C. , KEBREAB E. , EVERED M. , LITTLE B. A. , INGHAM A. B. , HEGARTY R. S. , PACHECO D. , MCPHEE M. J.
Published: August 2017

As demand for animal products, such as meat and milk, increases, and concern over environmental impact grows, mechanistic models can be useful tools to better represent and understand ruminant systems and evaluate mitigation options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions without compromising productivity. The objectives of the present study were to describe the representation of processes for growth and enteric methane (CH4) production in AusBeef, a whole-animal, dynamic, mechanistic model for beef production; evaluate AusBeef for its ability to predict daily methane production (DMP, g/day), gross energy intake (GEI, MJ/day) and methane yield (MJ CH4/MJ GEI) using an independent data set; and to compare AusBeef estimates to those from the empirical equations featured in the current National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM, 2016) beef cattle requirements for growth and the Ruminant Nutrition System (RNS), a dynamic, mechanistic model of Tedeschi & Fox, 2016. AusBeef incorporates a unique fermentation stoichiometry that represents four microbial groups: protozoa, amylolytic bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria and lactate-utilizing bacteria. AusBeef also accounts for the effects of ruminal pH on microbial degradation of feed particles. Methane emissions are calculated from net ruminal hydrogen balance, which is defined as the difference between inputs from fermentation and outputs due to microbial use and biohydrogenation. AusBeef performed similarly to the NASEM empirical model in terms of prediction accuracy and error decomposition, and with less root mean square predicted error (RMSPE) than the RNS mechanistic model when expressed as a percentage of the observed mean (RMSPE, %), and the majority of error was non-systematic. For DMP, RMSPE for AusBeef, NASEM and RNS were 24·0, 19·8 and 50·0 g/day for the full data set (n = 35); 25·6, 18·2 and 56·2 g/day for forage diets (n = 19); and 21·8, 21·5 and 41·5 g/day for mixed diets (n = 16), respectively. Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were highest for GEI, with all models having CCC > 0·66, and higher CCC for forage diets than mixed, while CCC were lowest for MY, particularly forage diets. Systematic error increased for all models on forage diets, largely due to an increase in error due to mean bias, and while all models performed well for mixed diets, further refinements are required to improve the prediction of CH4 on forage diets.
The AusBeef model for beef production: II. sensitivity analysis
Authors: DOUGHERTY H. C. , KEBREAB E. , EVERED M. , LITTLE B. A. , INGHAM A. B. , NOLAN J. V. , HEGARTY R. S. , PACHECO D. , MCPHEE M. J.
Published: August 2017

The present study evaluated the behaviour of the AusBeef model for beef production as part of a 2 × 2 study simulating performance on forage-based and concentrate-based diets from Oceania and North America for four methane (CH4)-relevant outputs of interest. Three sensitivity analysis methods, one local and two global, were conducted. Different patterns of sensitivity were observed between forage-based and concentrate-based diets, but patterns were consistent within diet types. For the local analysis, 36, 196, 47 and 8 out of 305 model parameters had normalized sensitivities of 0, >0, >0·01 and >0·1 across all diets and outputs, respectively. No parameters had a normalized local sensitivity >1 across all diets and outputs. However, daily CH4 production had the greatest number of parameters with normalized local sensitivities >1 for each individual diet. Parameters that were highly sensitive for global and local analyses across the range of diets and outputs examined included terms involved in microbial growth, volatile fatty acid (VFA) yields, maximum absorption rates and their inhibition due to pH effects and particle exit rates. Global sensitivity analysis I showed the high sensitivity of forage-based diets to lipid entering the rumen, which may be a result of the use of a feedlot-optimized model to represent high-forage diets and warrants further investigation. Global sensitivity analysis II showed that when all parameter values were simultaneously varied within ±10% of initial value, >96% of output values were within ±20% of the baseline, which decreased to >50% when parameter value boundaries were expanded to ±25% of their original values, giving a range for robustness of model outputs with regards to potential different ‘true’ parameter values. There were output-specific differences in sensitivity, where outputs that had greater maximum local sensitivities displayed greater degrees of non-linear interaction in global sensitivity analysis I and less variance in output values for global sensitivity analysis II. For outputs with less interaction, such as the acetate : propionate ratio and microbial protein production, the single most sensitive term in global sensitivity analysis I contributed more to the overall total-order sensitivity than for outputs with more interaction, with an average of 49, 33, 15 and 14% of total-order sensitivity for microbial protein production, acetate : propionate ratio, CH4 production and energy from absorbed VFAs, respectively. Future studies should include data collection for highly sensitive parameters reported in the present study to improve overall model accuracy.
Is there any relationship between right and left hand dominance and right and left nasal airflow dominance?
Authors: Price A , Eccles R
Published: August 2017

Background:

Left- or right-handedness is a common human trait, and it has been previously reported that human nasal airflow dominance correlates with hand dominance. Any relationship between hand dominance and nasal airflow dominance would be unusual. This study aimed to measure nasal airflow and look for any relationship to handedness.

Methods:

The modified Glatzel mirror was used to record the dominant nasal passage at 15-minute intervals over a 6-hour period in 29 healthy participants consisting of 15 left-handers and 14 right-handers.

Results:

In left-handers, the percentage of time that the left nasal passage was dominant ranged from 0 to 100 per cent. In right-handers, the percentage of time that the right nasal passage was dominant ranged from 4.2 to 95.8 per cent. No correlation between nasal airflow dominance and hand dominance was identified.

Conclusion:

The results do not support the hypothesis that nasal airflow and handedness are related.
Recombinant subunit vaccines for soil-transmitted helminths
Authors: NOON JASON B. , AROIAN RAFFI V.
Published: August 2017

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) collectively infect one fourth of all human beings, and the majority of livestock in the developing world. These gastrointestinal nematodes are the most important parasites on earth with regard to their prevalence in humans and livestock. Current anthelmintic drugs are losing their efficacies due to increasing drug resistance, particularly in STHs of livestock and drug treatment is often followed by rapid reinfection due to failure of the immune system to develop a protective response. Vaccines against STHs offer what drugs cannot accomplish alone. Because such vaccines would have to be produced on such a large scale, and be cost effective, recombinant subunit vaccines that include a minimum number of proteins produced in relatively simple and inexpensive expression systems are required. Here, we summarize all of the previous studies pertaining to recombinant subunit vaccines for STHs of humans and livestock with the goal of both informing the public of just how critical these parasites are, and to help guide future developments. We also discuss several key areas of vaccine development, which we believe to be critical for developing more potent recombinant subunit vaccines with broad-spectrum protection.
New spaces of new speaker profiles: Exploring language ideologies in transnational multilingual families
Authors: Soler Josep , Zabrodskaja Anastassia
Published: August 2017

This article looks at Spanish-Estonian speaking families and their language ideologies in relation to language use in the family setting—how parents decide to use languages among themselves and with their children. Family members choose different languages for different purposes when they talk to one another. In our study, parents draw on their knowledge of the ‘one parent–one language’ strategy but also translanguage for different reasons, constructing new patterns of bilingual modes. In the article, we examine parents’ attitudes towards language maintenance, transmission, and use with their children. We incorporate the lens of ‘new speaker’ research to analyse the empirical data collected in Tallinn households among Spanish-Estonian speaking families so as to contribute to a better understanding of family language policy, planning, and management, highlighting how macro-level sociolinguistic expectations and norms might be elaborated on the micro level in everyday social interactions. (Family language policy, language ideology, new speakers, Estonian, Spanish)*
System reliability prediction with shared load and unknown component design details
Authors: Hu Zhengwei , Du Xiaoping
Published: August 2017

In many system designs, it is a challenging task for system designers to predict the system reliability due to limited information about component designs, which is often proprietary to component suppliers. This research addresses this issue by considering the following situation: all the components share the same system load, and system designers know component reliabilities with respect to the component load, but do not know other information, such as component limit-state functions. The strategy is to reconstruct the equivalent component limit-state functions during the system design stage such that they can accurately reproduce component reliabilities. Because the system load is a common factor shared by all the reconstructed component limit-state functions, the component dependence can be captured implicitly. As a result, more accurate system reliability can be produced compared with traditional methods. An engineering example demonstrates the feasibility of the new system reliability method.
Analytical global sensitivity analysis with Gaussian processes
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Subramaniyan Arun K. , Wang Liping
Published: August 2017

Methods for efficient variance-based global sensitivity analysis of complex high-dimensional problems are presented and compared. Variance decomposition methods rank inputs according to Sobol indices that can be computationally expensive to evaluate. Main and interaction effect Sobol indices can be computed analytically in the Kennedy and O'Hagan framework with Gaussian processes. These methods use the high-dimensional model representation concept for variance decomposition that presents a unique model representation when inputs are uncorrelated. However, when the inputs are correlated, multiple model representations may be possible leading to ambiguous sensitivity ranking with Sobol indices. In this work, we present the effect of input correlation on sensitivity analysis and discuss the methods presented by Li and Rabitz in the context of Kennedy and O'Hagan's framework with Gaussian processes. Results are demonstrated on simulated and real problems for correlated and uncorrelated inputs and demonstrate the utility of variance decomposition methods for sensitivity analysis.
A decomposition-based uncertainty quantification approach for environmental impacts of aviation technology and operation
Authors: Amaral Sergio , Allaire Douglas , De La Rosa Blanco Elena , Willcox Karen E.
Published: August 2017

As a measure to manage the climate impact of aviation, significant enhancements to aviation technologies and operations are necessary. When assessing these enhancements and their respective impacts on the climate, it is important that we also quantify the associated uncertainties. This is important to support an effective decision and policymaking process. However, such quantification of uncertainty is challenging, especially in a complex system that comprises multiple interacting components. The uncertainty quantification task can quickly become computationally intractable and cumbersome for one individual or group to manage. Recognizing the challenge of quantifying uncertainty in multicomponent systems, we utilize a divide-and-conquer approach, inspired by the decomposition-based approaches used in multidisciplinary analysis and optimization. Specifically, we perform uncertainty analysis and global sensitivity analysis of our multicomponent aviation system in a decomposition-based manner. In this work, we demonstrate how to handle a high-dimensional multicomponent interface using sensitivity-based dimension reduction and a novel importance sampling method. Our results demonstrate that the decomposition-based uncertainty quantification approach can effectively quantify the uncertainty of a feed-forward multicomponent system for which the component models are housed in different locations and owned by different groups.
Der Einfluss früherer und gegenwärtiger Peer-Erfahrungen in der Schulklasse auf die Wahrnehmung von sozialer Unterstützung
Authors: Hofmann Claudia , Venetz Martin
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Peergruppen-Erfahrungen in der Schulklasse die generell wahrgenommene soziale Unterstützung beeinflussen. Mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellierung wurden Längsschnittdaten von 321 Schülerinnen und Schülern und ihren Lehrpersonen analysiert, die vor und nach dem Übertritt von der Primar- in die Sekundarstufe schriftlich befragt wurden. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Hypothese, dass sowohl frühere wie auch aktuelle Erfahrungen sozialen Integriertseins in die Schulklasse einen eigenständigen Effekt auf die wahrgenommene soziale Unterstützung sowie die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit haben. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass soziales Integriertsein und prosoziales Verhalten auch nach einem Klassenwechsel relativ stabil sind. Prosoziales Verhalten und soziales Integriertsein sind allerdings nur zum ersten Messzeitpunkt auf Primarschulstufe miteinander korreliert. Insgesamt lässt sich aus den Ergebnissen schließen, dass der Schule eine wichtige Funktion als sozialer Erfahrungsraum zukommt, der über seine Grenzen hinaus wirkt.
Geschwisterkonstellationseffekte auf Mathematikleistungen und Hausaufgabenhilfe in TIMSS 2011
Authors: Schmid Christine , Glaeser Anna
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurden auf Grundlage der österreichischen Stichprobe aus TIMSS 2011 Effekte der Zahl der Kinder und des Geburtsrangplatzes auf die Hausaufgabenhilfe und die Mathematikleistungen untersucht. Ziel war es, Hinweisen auf das durch Zajonc und Markus (1975; Zajonc, 2001 ) entwickelte Konfluenzmodell und dem in diesem Rahmen postulierten Tutoreneffekt nachzugehen. Die Ergebnisse, basierend auf N = 3 016, zeigten abnehmende Unterstützungsleistungen der Eltern und zunehmende durch Geschwister bei wachsender Zahl der Kinder in der Familie. Zudem entsprach das Muster der Testleistungen nach der Zahl der Kinder und dem Geburtsrangplatz weniger den Annahmen eines reinen elterlichen Ressourcenverdünnungsmodells, als einem, das zusätzlich die Geschwister als Ressource sowie als Lerngelegenheit (Tutoreneffekt) miteinbezog. Strategien zum weiteren Nachweis des Tutoreneffekts werden diskutiert.
Die Wertschätzung schulischer Anstrengung als Mediator von Geschlechtsunterschieden in Noten
Authors: Kessels Ursula , Heyder Anke
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Vor dem Hintergrund des besseren Schulerfolges von Mädchen wird überprüft, ob die besseren Noten der Mädchen durch ihre höhere Wertschätzung von schulischer Anstrengung erklärt werden können und ob die Wertschätzung von Anstrengung einen differentiellen Effekt auf die Noten in Deutsch und Mathematik hat. An 400 Neuntklässler_innen (Gymnasium) wurden Deutsch- und Mathematiknoten und die Wertschätzung schulischer Anstrengung erhoben. Die für diese Studie ins Deutsche übertragene und an den Schulkontext adaptierte Skala zur Erfassung der Wertschätzung schulischer Anstrengung zeigte sich messinvariant in Bezug auf Geschlecht. Mädchen schätzten schulische Anstrengung mehr wert und hatten bessere Deutschnoten als Jungen. Wertschätzung schulischer Anstrengung korrelierte nur mit den Deutschnoten, nicht aber mit den Mathematiknoten. Ein Strukturgleichungsmodell zeigte, dass der Zusammenhang von Geschlecht und Deutschnoten durch die Wertschätzung schulischer Anstrengung mediiert wurde. Die Befunde weisen auf die unterschiedliche Bedeutsamkeit von Anstrengung für die Noten in verschiedenen Fächern hin. Es wird diskutiert, dass die relativ schlechteren Schulleistungen von Jungen ein Resultat ihrer Peernormen, die Anstrengung sanktionieren, und der vergleichsweise größeren Anzahl von Schulfächern, in denen die Noten stärker von Anstrengung abhängen, sein könnten.
Erfassung von elterlicher bedingter Wertschätzung im Lern- und Leistungsbereich und im Bereich der Emotionsregulation
Authors: Otterpohl Nantje , Keil Anina Geertje , Assor Avi , Stiensmeier-Pelster Joachim
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Elterliche bedingte Wertschätzung ist eine weit verbreitete Erziehungsstrategie zur Förderung erwünschten kindlichen Verhaltens im Lern- und Leistungskontext und im Kontext der Emotionsregulation. Hierbei bringen Eltern ihren Kindern mehr Wertschätzung als üblich entgegen, wenn diese erwünschtes Verhalten zeigen, und entziehen Wertschätzung, wenn diese unerwünschtes Verhalten zeigen. Da bedingte Wertschätzung sowohl mit der psychosozialen Anpassung (z. B. dem Selbstwert und der Emotionsregulation) als auch mit der Schulleistung negative Zusammenhänge aufweist, ist es notwendig über ein diagnostisches Instrument zu verfügen, mit dem elterliche bedingte Wertschätzung erfasst werden kann. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde erstmalig eine deutsche Adaptation der Parental Conditional Regard Scale (PCR; Roth, Assor, Niemiec, Ryan & Deci, 2009 ) zwei Stichproben von Jugendlichen (N = 144; N = 293) im Alter von 10 bis 17 Jahren vorgelegt. Für die PCR-D zeigten sich die erwartete Faktorenstruktur, sehr gute interne Konsistenzen und akzeptable Retest-Reliabilitäten. Die PCR-D korrelierte erwartungskonform mit konstruktnahen Kriterien wie dem Selbstwert, der Emotionsregulation sowie Schulnoten und erwies sich als messinvariant bei Jungen und Mädchen.
miR-125a-3p/FUT5-FUT6 axis mediates colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and pathological angiogenesis via PI3K-Akt pathway
Authors: Liang Leilei , Gao Chengshun , Li Yang , Sun Mingming , Xu Jingchao , Li Huairui , Jia Li , Zhao Yongfu
Published: August 2017

The fucosyltransferase (FUT) family produces glycans, a fundamental event in several cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). miR-125a-3p is a non-coding RNA that can reduce cell proliferation and migration in cancer. In this study, we explored the levels of miR-125a-3p and FUT expression in human CRC tissues and two human CRC cell lines by qPCR. The results showed that miR-125a-3p, FUT5 and FUT6 are differentially expressed in normal and tumour tissues. On the basis of our previous research, FUT can be regulated by miRNA, which influences the proliferation and invasion of breast and hepatocellular cancer cells. We hypothesised that FUT5 and FUT6 may be regulated by miR-125a-3p. Luciferase reporter analyses were applied to identify potential target genes of miR-125a-3p. A functional study showed that miR-125a-3p overexpression can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of CRC cells via down-regulating FUT5 and FUT6. In addition, regulating miR-125a-3p, FUT5 or FUT6 expression markedly modulated the activity of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, and this effect of FUT5 or FUT6 could be reversed by transfection with miR-125a-3p-mimics. Taken together, our data suggest that both FUT5 and FUT6 can promote the development of CRC via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, which is regulated by miR-125a-3p. miR-125a-3p may serve as a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in CRC treatment.
FGFR1 is critical for the anti-endothelial mesenchymal transition effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline via induction of the MAP4K4 pathway
Authors: Li Jinpeng , Shi Sen , Srivastava Swayam Prakash , Kitada Munehiro , Nagai Takako , Nitta Kyoko , Kohno Miyuki , Kanasaki Keizo , Koya Daisuke
Published: August 2017

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been shown to contribute to organ fibrogenesis, and we have reported that the anti-EndMT effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) is associated with restoring expression of diabetes-suppressed fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), the key anti-EndMT molecule. FGFR1 is the key inhibitor of EndMT via the suppression of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) inhibits integrin β1, a key factor in activating TGFβ signaling and EndMT. Here, we showed that the close proximity between AcSDKP and FGFR1 was essential for the suppression of TGFβ/smad signaling and EndMT associated with MAP4K4 phosphorylation (P-MAP4K4) in endothelial cells. In cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), the anti-EndMT and anti-TGFβ/smad effects of AcSDKP were lost following treatment with a neutralizing FGFR1 antibody (N-FGFR1) or transfection of FRS2 siRNA. The physical interaction between FGFR1 and P-MAP4K4 in HMVECs was confirmed by proximity ligation analysis and an immunoprecipitation assay. AcSDKP induced P-MAP4K4 in HMVECs, which was significantly inhibited by treatment with either N-FGFR1 or FRS2 siRNA. Furthermore, MAP4K4 knockdown using specific siRNAs induced smad3 phosphorylation and EndMT in HMVECs, which was not suppressed by AcSDKP. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic CD-1 mice exhibited suppression of both FGFR1 and P-MAP4K4 expression levels associated with the induction of TGFβ/smad3 signaling and EndMT in their hearts and kidneys; those were restored by AcSDKP treatment. These data demonstrate that the AcSDKP–FGFR1–MAP4K4 axis has an important role in combating EndMT-associated fibrotic disorders.
The ovarian reserve is depleted during puberty in a hormonally driven process dependent on the pro-apoptotic protein BMF
Authors: Liew Seng H , Nguyen Quynh-Nhu , Strasser Andreas , Findlay Jock K , Hutt Karla J
Published: August 2017

In females, germ cells are maintained in ovarian structures called primordial follicles. The number of primordial follicles in the ovarian reserve is a critical determinant of the length of the fertile lifespan. Despite this significance, knowledge of the precise physiological mechanisms that regulate primordial follicle number is lacking. In this study we show that a wave of primordial follicle depletion occurs during the transition to adulthood in mice. We demonstrate that this sudden and dramatic loss of primordial follicles is hormonally triggered and identify the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, BCL-2 modifying factor (BMF), as essential for this process, implicating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as a key mechanism. The elimination of primordial follicles during puberty is not only a striking developmental event, it is also physiologically important because it ultimately reduces the availability of primordial follicles and determines the duration of fertility. Collectively, these findings show that puberty is a critical developmental window for the regulation of the size of ovarian reserve, impacting on female fertility and reproductive longevity.
IL-7Rα glutamylation and activation of transcription factor Sall3 promote group 3 ILC development
Authors: Liu Benyu , Ye Buqing , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Huang Guanling , Yang Liuliu , Zhu Pingping , Du Ying , Wu Jiayi , Meng Shu , Tian Yong , Fan Zusen
Published: August 2017

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) promote lymphoid organogenesis and potentiate immune responses against bacterial infection. However, how ILC3 cells are developed and maintained is still unclear. Here, we show that carboxypeptidase CCP2 is highly expressed in common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitors, the progenitor of innate lymphoid cells, and CCP2 deficiency increases ILC3 numbers. Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (IL-7Rα) is identified as a substrate of CCP2 for deglutamylation, and IL-7Rα polyglutamylation is catalyzed by polyglutamylases TTLL4 and TTLL13 in common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitors. IL-7Rα polyglutamylation triggers STAT5 activation to initiate transcription factor Sall3 expression in common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitors, which drives ILC3 cell differentiation. Moreover, Ttll4−/− or Ttll13−/− mice have reduced IL-7Rα polyglutamylation and Sall3 expression in common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitors. Importantly, mice with IL-7Rα E446A mutation have reduced Sall3 expression and ILC3 population. Thus, polyglutamylation and deglutamylation of IL-7Rα tightly controls the development and effector functions of ILC3s.
Metallic ferromagnetic films with magnetic damping under 1.4 × 10−3
Authors: Lee Aidan J. , Brangham Jack T. , Cheng Yang , White Shane P. , Ruane William T. , Esser Bryan D. , McComb David W. , Hammel P. Chris , Yang Fengyuan
Published: August 2017

Low-damping magnetic materials have been widely used in microwave and spintronic applications because of their low energy loss and high sensitivity. While the Gilbert damping constant can reach 10−4 to 10−5 in some insulating ferromagnets, metallic ferromagnets generally have larger damping due to magnon scattering by conduction electrons. Meanwhile, low-damping metallic ferromagnets are desired for charge-based spintronic devices. Here, we report the growth of Co25Fe75 epitaxial films with excellent crystalline quality evident by the clear Laue oscillations and exceptionally narrow rocking curve in the X-ray diffraction scans as well as from scanning transmission electron microscopy. Remarkably, the Co25Fe75 epitaxial films exhibit a damping constant <1.4 × 10−3, which is comparable to the values for some high-quality Y3Fe5O12 films. This record low damping for metallic ferromagnets offers new opportunities for charge-based applications such as spin-transfer-torque-induced switching and magnetic oscillations.
Atomic-scale structural signature of dynamic heterogeneities in metallic liquids
Authors: Pasturel Alain , Jakse Noel
Published: August 2017

With sufficiently high cooling rates, liquids will cross their equilibrium melting temperatures and can be maintained in a metastable undercooled state before solidifying. Studies of undercooled liquids reveal several intriguing dynamic phenomena and because explicit connections between liquid structure and liquids dynamics are difficult to identify, it remains a major challenge to capture the underlying structural link to these phenomena. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations are yet especially powerful in providing atomic-scale details otherwise not accessible in experiments. Through the AIMD-based study of Cr additions in Al-based liquids, we evidence for the first time a close relationship between the decoupling of component diffusion and the emergence of dynamic heterogeneities in the undercooling regime. In addition, we demonstrate that the origin of both phenomena is related to a structural heterogeneity caused by a strong interplay between chemical short-range order (CSRO) and local fivefold topology (ISRO) at the short-range scale in the liquid phase that develops into an icosahedral-based medium-range order (IMRO) upon undercooling. Finally, our findings reveal that this structural signature is also captured in the temperature dependence of partial pair-distribution functions which opens up the route to more elaborated experimental studies.
Progress in satellite quantum key distribution
Authors: Bedington Robert , Arrazola Juan Miguel , Ling Alexander
Published: August 2017

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a family of protocols for growing a private encryption key between two parties. Despite much progress, all ground-based QKD approaches have a distance limit due to atmospheric losses or in-fibre attenuation. These limitations make purely ground-based systems impractical for a global distribution network. However, the range of communication may be extended by employing satellites equipped with high-quality optical links. This manuscript summarizes research and development which is beginning to enable QKD with satellites. It includes a discussion of protocols, infrastructure, and the technical challenges involved with implementing such systems, as well as a top level summary of on-going satellite QKD initiatives around the world.
Current limitations of global conservation to protect higher vulnerability and lower resilience fish species
Authors: Vasconcelos Rita P. , Batista Marisa I. , Henriques Sofia
Published: August 2017

Estuaries are threatened by intense and continuously increasing human activities. Here we estimated the sensitivity of fish assemblages in a set of estuaries distributed worldwide (based on species vulnerability and resilience), and the exposure to cumulative stressors and coverage by protected areas in and around those estuaries (from marine, estuarine and freshwater ecosystems, due to their connectivity). Vulnerability and resilience of estuarine fish assemblages were not evenly distributed globally and were driven by environmental features. Exposure to pressures and extent of protection were also not evenly distributed worldwide. Assemblages with more vulnerable and less resilient species were associated with estuaries in higher latitudes (in particular Europe), and with higher connectivity with the marine ecosystem, moreover such estuaries were generally under high intensity of pressures but with no concomitant increase in protection. Current conservation schemes pay little attention to species traits, despite their role in maintaining ecosystem functioning and stability. Results emphasize that conservation is weakly related with the global distribution of sensitive fish species in sampled estuaries, and this shortcoming is aggravated by their association with highly pressured locations, which appeals for changes in the global conservation strategy (namely towards estuaries in temperate regions and highly connected with marine ecosystems).
Vitellogenin induction in caudal fin of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as a less invasive and sensitive biomarker for environmental estrogens
Authors: Wang Jun , Ma Shuwei , Zhang Zhenzhong , Zheng Mingyi , Dong Yifei , Ru Shaoguo
Published: August 2017

Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is an ideal model for studying environmental estrogens, and its large caudal fin has a high capacity to regenerate. This study analyzed the feasibility of caudal fin for detecting vitellogenin (Vtg), the most commonly used biomarker of environmental estrogens. Firstly, a sandwich ELISA for guppy Vtg was developed using purified lipovitellin and its antibody and it had a working range of 7.8–1000 ng/mL and detection limit of 3.1 ng/mL. The ELISA was used to detect tissue distribution of Vtg. In male guppy exposed to 50 and 100 ng/L 17β-estradiol (E2), Vtg concentration in caudal fin was higher than that in whole fish, brain, eyes, gonad, and skin, and was close to that in the liver. Furthermore, male guppies were exposed to environmental concentrations of 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol S (BPS) to validate the utility of caudal fin Vtg for detecting estrogenic activities. The lowest observed effect concentration of EE2 and BPS were lower than 2 ng/L and 1 μg/L, which were below or equal to the values reported for other species, demonstrating that caudal fin Vtg was highly sensitive to estrogenic chemicals. Therefore, caudal fins of guppies are suggested as alternative samples for Vtg biomarker detection.