bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of a posttraumatic cerebral infarction on outcome in patients with TBI: the Italian multicenter cohort INCEPT study
Authors: Latronico Nicola , Piva Simone , Fagoni Nazzareno , Pinelli Lorenzo , Frigerio Michele , Tintori Davide , Berardino Maurizio , Bottazzi Andrea , Carnevale Livio , Casalicchio Tiziana , Castioni Carlo Alberto , Cavallo Simona , Cerasti Davide , Citerio Giuseppe , Fontanella Marco , Galiberti Serena , Girardini Alan , Gritti Paolo , Manara Ornella , Maremmani Paolo , Mazzani Roberta , Natalini Giuseppe , Patassini Mirko , Perna Maria Elena , Pesaresi Ilaria , Radolovich Danila Katia , Saini Maurizio , Stefini Roberto , Minelli Cosetta , Gasparotti Roberto , Rasulo Francesco A.
Published: February 2020

Background

Post-traumatic cerebral infarction (PTCI) is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is unclear what the occurrence of a PTCI is, how it impacts the long-term outcome, and whether it adds incremental prognostic value to established outcome predictors.

Methods

This was a prospective multicenter cohort study of moderate and severe TBI patients. The primary objective was to evaluate if PTCI was an independent risk factor for the 6-month outcome assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). We also assessed the PTCI occurrence and if it adds incremental value to the International Mission for Prognosis and Clinical Trial design in TBI (IMPACT) core and extended models.

Results

We enrolled 143 patients, of whom 47 (32.9%) developed a PTCI. In the multiple ordered logistic regression, PTCI was retained in both the core and extended IMPACT models as an independent predictor of the GOS. The predictive performances increased significantly when PTCI was added to the IMPACT core model (AUC = 0.73, 95% C.I. 0.66–0.82; increased to AUC = 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.83,p = 0.0007) and extended model (AUC = 0.74, 95% C.I. 0.65–0.81 increased to AUC = 0.80, 95% C.I. 0.69–0.85;p = 0.00008). Patients with PTCI showed higher ICU mortality and 6-month mortality, whereas hospital mortality did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusions

PTCI is a common complication in patients suffering from a moderate or severe TBI and is an independent risk factor for long-term disability. The addition of PTCI to the IMPACT core and extended predictive models significantly increased their performance in predicting the GOS.

Trial registration

The present study was registered in ClinicalTrial.gov with the ID numberNCT02430324.
HER2 heterogeneity and resistance to anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates
Authors: Ocaña Alberto , Amir Eitan , Pandiella Atanasio
Published: February 2020

Background

There has been substantial interest in HER2 intratumoral heterogeneity as an explanation for the development of resistance to anti-HER2 therapies in breast cancer, particularly to trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1).

Methods

Through a literature-based approach, we discuss mechanisms of resistance to HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in breast cancer.

Results

We describe results from clinical studies reporting the effect of anti-HER2 strategies particularly ADCs and their mechanistic effect. We review biological findings underlying HER2 heterogeneity and its implication in the development of novel anti-HER2 drugs including new ADCs in clinical development like trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201).

Conclusions

We suggest potential mechanisms to optimize these compounds and their future clinical implementation.
Host-associated microbiomes are predicted by immune system complexity and climate
Authors: Woodhams Douglas C. , Bletz Molly C. , Becker C. Guilherme , Bender Hayden A. , Buitrago-Rosas Daniel , Diebboll Hannah , Huynh Roger , Kearns Patrick J. , Kueneman Jordan , Kurosawa Emmi , LaBumbard Brandon C. , Lyons Casandra , McNally Kerry , Schliep Klaus , Shankar Nachiket , Tokash-Peters Amanda G. , Vences Miguel , Whetstone Ross
Published: February 2020

Background

Host-associated microbiomes, the microorganisms occurring inside and on host surfaces, influence evolutionary, immunological, and ecological processes. Interactions between host and microbiome affect metabolism and contribute to host adaptation to changing environments. Meta-analyses of host-associated bacterial communities have the potential to elucidate global-scale patterns of microbial community structure and function. It is possible that host surface-associated (external) microbiomes respond more strongly to variations in environmental factors, whereas internal microbiomes are more tightly linked to host factors.

Results

Here, we use the dataset from the Earth Microbiome Project and accumulate data from 50 additional studies totaling 654 host species and over 15,000 samples to examine global-scale patterns of bacterial diversity and function. We analyze microbiomes from non-captive hosts sampled from natural habitats and find patterns with bioclimate and geophysical factors, as well as land use, host phylogeny, and trophic level/diet. Specifically, external microbiomes are best explained by variations in mean daily temperature range and precipitation seasonality. In contrast, internal microbiomes are best explained by host factors such as phylogeny/immune complexity and trophic level/diet, plus climate.

Conclusions

Internal microbiomes are predominantly associated with top-down effects, while climatic factors are stronger determinants of microbiomes on host external surfaces. Host immunity may act on microbiome diversity through top-down regulation analogous to predators in non-microbial ecosystems. Noting gaps in geographic and host sampling, this combined dataset represents a global baseline available for interrogation by future microbial ecology studies.
Paragraph: a graph-based structural variant genotyper for short-read sequence data
Authors: Chen Sai , Krusche Peter , Dolzhenko Egor , Sherman Rachel M. , Petrovski Roman , Schlesinger Felix , Kirsche Melanie , Bentley David R. , Schatz Michael C. , Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Eberle Michael A.
Published: February 2020

Accurate detection and genotyping of structural variations (SVs) from short-read data is a long-standing area of development in genomics research and clinical sequencing pipelines. We introduce Paragraph, an accurate genotyper that models SVs using sequence graphs and SV annotations. We demonstrate the accuracy of Paragraph on whole-genome sequence data from three samples using long-read SV calls as the truth set, and then apply Paragraph at scale to a cohort of 100 short-read sequenced samples of diverse ancestry. Our analysis shows that Paragraph has better accuracy than other existing genotypers and can be applied to population-scale studies.
Statistical analysis plan for the randomized controlled trial CardioCare MV investigating a novel integrated care concept (NICC) for patients suffering from chronic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Ziegler Andreas , Mann Miriam , Brandewiede Bernard , Dittrich Hermann , Hintz Sissy , Krockenberger Katja , Öner Alper , de Sousa Marcos Oliviera , Schmidt Christian
Published: February 2020

Background

Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death globally and represent a major economic burden on health care systems. For patients with heart failure, atrial fibrillation or therapy-resistant hypertension, we have developed a novel integrated care concept (NICC) which combines telemedicine with intensive support by a care center, including a call center, an integrated care network including inpatient and outpatient care providers and guideline therapy for patients (Schmidt et al. 2018 Trials 19:120). Here, we describe challenges and solutions in patient recruitment and provide the statistical analysis plan.

Methods

The study CardioCare MV is a prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, open-label, bi-center trial with two groups for comparing NICC with standard of care (SoC). Because of issues with patient enrollment we adapted the study plan after consultation with the Ethics Committee and the funding agency. We altered the analysis strategy for the primary endpoints, which led to a change in the required sample size. We also changed the access points to patients from inpatient hospitals specialized in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease to specialized practices.

Results

Recruitment of patients started on 1 December 2017, and first patient in was on 4 December 2017. Recruitment was completed on 15 August 2019 as planned according to the amended study plan. The follow-up period will end in August 2020. A total of 964 patients was enrolled into the trial. The statistical analysis plan was finalized prior to last patient in. Results will be available by the end of 2020.

Discussion

The trial will inform care providers whether quality of care can be improved by an integrated care concept providing telemedicine through a round-the-clock call center approach. We expect that cost of the NICC will be lower than standard care because of reduced hospitalizations. The trial will guide additional research to disentangle the effects of this complex intervention.

Trial registration

DRKS, ID: DRKS00013124. Registered on 5 October 2017

ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03317951. Registered on 17 October 2017
Intratympanic versus intravenous corticosteroid treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss in diabetic patients: proposed study protocol for a prospective, randomized superiority trial
Authors: Yang Weiqiang , Li Xiaoling , Zhong Jiatao , Mei Xueshuang , Liu Hongyu , Yang Le , Lu Liming , Hu Hongyi
Published: February 2020

Background

Diabetes mellitus is associated with risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Systemic and intratympanic corticosteroids are the two primary treatments for SSNHL in patients with diabetes mellitus. The benefit of intratympanic compared to systemic treatment is the reduced systemic steroid exposure and associated systemic adverse effects. Intratympanic corticosteroid administration may have potential benefits over standard systemic therapies.

Methods/design

The proposed study is a prospective, randomized superiority trial. A total of 96 patients (48 in each group) will be randomized into the experimental or control group. Patients in the experimental group will receive four 1-mL doses of 40 mg/mL of methylprednisolone over a 1-week period, with a dose administered every 2 days via tympanic membrane injection into the middle ear. The control group will be administered intravenous methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg/day, maximal dose 60 mg/day) for 5 days. The primary outcome for this study is the change in hearing threshold from the first audiogram to the 30-day follow-up audiogram. Secondary outcome measures will include pure-tone average (PTA) at 90-day follow up, visual analog tinnitus scale, visual analog vertigo scale, visual analog aural fullness scale, fasting blood glucose and 2-h postprandial blood glucose during treatment, and the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. Vital signs and otological physical examination will be performed at each follow-up visit.

Discussion

The efficacy and safety of intratympanic methylprednisolone compared to intravenous methylprednisolone will be investigated in patients with diabetes mellitus and SSNHL. This trial may provide strong evidence for the efficacy and safety of intratympanic corticosteroid treatment and important clinical information for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and SSNHL.

Trial registration

ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800015954. Registered on 2 May 2018, Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=25326.
Does Bangkok have a central role in the dengue dynamics of Thailand?
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Bambrick Hilary , Pongsumpun Puntani , Ming Tang I. , Yakob Laith , Devine Gregor , Frentiu Francesca D. , Williams Gail , Hu Wenbiao
Published: February 2020

Background

Bangkok plays a central role in the commerce of Thailand. This study aimed to characterize the district-level spatial-temporal patterns of dengue in Thailand and explore if a dengue peak in Bangkok led the peaks of dengue in other Thai provinces.

Methods

Monthly dengue data at district level in Thailand from January 2004 to December 2017 were obtained and used to assess the spatial and seasonal patterns of dengue in Thailand. As our seasonal decomposition and cross-correlation analyses showed that dengue in Bangkok peaked in November, which was a few months after the dengue peak in most other provinces, we used a time-series generalized linear model to explore if there was another province in which the dengue case number was most predictive of dengue case numbers in other Thai provinces.

Results

The highest district-level annual dengue incidence rates (per 10,000) in the three time periods (i.e. 2004–2008, 2009–2013 and 2014–2017) were 58.08 (Samphanthawong), 85.93 (Mueang Krabi), and 66.60 (Mae Sariang), respectively. Dengue incidence rates in the western part of Northern Thailand, southern part of Central Thailand, southern part of Eastern Thailand, and Southern Thailand were higher than in other regions. Dengue in most districts of Thailand peaked in June, July or August, but dengue peaks in all districts of Bangkok occurred in November. The number of dengue cases in Nakhon Ratchasima was most predictive of the number of dengue cases in other provinces in Thailand by a one-month lag.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the dengue peak in Bangkok did not lead the peaks of dengue in other Thai provinces. Future research exploring how changes in socio-ecological factors (e.g. road network and climate factors) in Nakhon Ratchasima have affected the transmission of dengue in Thailand might shed some new light on the prevention and control of dengue.
Characterization of melanic and non-melanic forms in domestic and peridomestic populations of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Nattero Julieta , Carbajal de la Fuente Ana Laura , Piccinali Romina Valeria , Cardozo Miriam , Rodríguez Claudia Susana , Crocco Liliana Beatriz
Published: February 2020

Background

Melanic (dark) morphs have been barely reported in peridomestic and sylvatic conditions forTriatoma infestans, the most important vector of Chagas disease in the Southern Cone of South America. Adults with dark and small yellow markings on the connexivum were collected after manual searches conducted by technical personnel in 62 domiciliary units in Cruz del Eje, Córdoba Province, Argentina. The last community-wide insecticide spraying campaign before the study had been conducted three years earlier. We investigated if there was a measurable color morph variation (melanic and non-melanic) in wings and connexivum; we determined infestation, distribution of melanic and non-melanic forms, and correspondence of colorimetric variation with variations in morphology (wing size and shape and body length), development (wing fluctuating asymmetry), physiology (nutritional status) or behaviour (flight initiation).

Results

Forty-nine females, 54 males and 217 nymphs were collected in 24 domiciliary units. House infestation and colonization were 53% and 47%, respectively. Most of theT. infestansindividuals (83.2%) were collected in chicken coops; intradomicile infestation was recorded in only one case. The chromatic cluster analysis showed two well-defined groups: melanic and non-melanic. The melanic group included 17 (35%) females and 25 (46%) males. Peridomestic infestation was lower for melanic than for non-melanic adults. Melanic morphs were collected in houses from several localities. Sexual dimorphisms were confirmed by morphometric measurements. Body length was large in melanic adults (P < 0.01 only for males). Differences between groups were significant for wing size and shape, but not for weight or weight/body length ratio. Melanic females and males showed significantly higher fluctuating asymmetry (FA) indices than their non-melanic counterparts.

Conclusions

This is the second report of melanic forms ofT. infestansin domestic and peridomestic habitats in the Dry Chaco region of Argentina. Although non-melanic adults exhibited a higher infestation rate, melanic adults were widespread in the area and were collected in the infested domicile and in most types of peridomestic annexes. Differences in morphometric variables between groups might be due to different ecological adaptations. The higher FA levels observed in melanic individuals suggest a higher developmental instability and a selective advantage of non-melanic individuals in domestic and peridomestic habitats.
Assessing structural damage progression in psoriatic arthritis and its role as an outcome in research
Authors: van der Heijde Désirée , Gladman Dafna D. , Kavanaugh Arthur , Mease Philip J.
Published: February 2020

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an immune-mediated, clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, spondylitis, and psoriasis of the skin and nails. Persistent articular inflammation in patients with PsA can lead to structural damage, which can result in reduced physical function and quality of life. Structural damage can occur rapidly, and irreversible joint damage may be observed if patients are not treated promptly and appropriately. Therefore, evaluating therapeutic agents for their ability to inhibit structural progression has become increasingly important, with radiographic progression becoming a key efficacy outcome in clinical trials in PsA. Here, we review how structural damage and progression are assessed in clinical trials and the use of radiographic progression as a study outcome. We also discuss possible limitations in the current assessment of radiographic progression as well as areas of research that may improve the assessment of structural damage in clinical trials of PsA.
Adversarial attacks on fingerprint liveness detection
Authors: Fei Jianwei , Xia Zhihua , Yu Peipeng , Xiao Fengjun
Published: February 2020

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial samples, posing potential threats to the applications deployed with deep learning models in practical conditions. A typical example is the fingerprint liveness detection module in fingerprint authentication systems. Inspired by great progress of deep learning, deep networks-based fingerprint liveness detection algorithms spring up and dominate the field. Thus, we investigate the feasibility of deceiving state-of-the-art deep networks-based fingerprint liveness detection schemes by leveraging this property in this paper. Extensive evaluations are made with three existing adversarial methods: FGSM, MI-FGSM, and Deepfool. We also proposed an adversarial attack method that enhances the robustness of adversarial fingerprint images to various transformations like rotations and flip. We demonstrate these outstanding schemes are likely to classify fake fingerprints as live fingerprints by adding tiny perturbations, even without internal details of their used model. The experimental results reveal a big loophole and threats for these schemes from a view of security, and enough attention is urgently needed to be paid on anti-adversarial not only in fingerprint liveness detection but also in all deep learning applications.
The prospective mathematical idea satisfying both radiation hormesis under low radiation doses and linear non-threshold theory under high radiation doses
Authors: Kino Katsuhito
Published: February 2020

It has yet to be determined whether or not the probability of developing cancer due to radiation exposure levels of low doses is proportional to the dose. Herein, for radiation hormesis occurring at low doses, mathematical models using functions that take a mountain-like shape having two inflection points are considered. The following perspectives were obtained: (i) When the probability of developing cancer decreases at radiation levels above the natural background dose, the radiation hormesis effect occurs up to ~ 12.4 mSv. (ii) When there is a proportional relationship at ≥750 mSv, the radiation hormesis effect occurs up to ~ 225 mSv. Thus, by performing studies at the molecular and cellular levels for radiation doses at ≤16.8 or 307 mSv, it is possible to investigate carcinogenesis resulting from low radiation doses.
Falls in systolic blood pressure during dialysis which require no nursing intervention are associated with increased patient intra-dialytic symptom self-reporting and prolonged post-dialysis recovery times
Authors: Yoowannakul Suree , Vongsanim Surachet , Tangvoraphonkchai Kamonwan , Mohamed Ahmed , Davenport Andrew
Published: February 2020

Background

Haemodialysis (HD) patients may suffer symptoms during dialysis and take time to recover post HD. We wished to determine whether patients with symptomatic intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH), requiring nursing interventions, or an asymptomatic fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) reported more symptoms during dialysis.

Methods

Six hundred three HD patients completed self-reported intra-dialytic symptom questionnaires and recovery using a visual analogue scale, which were compared with their dialysis session records.

Results

Twenty-nine (4.8%) of patients suffered symptomatic IDH, and 187 (31.0%) had a fall in SBP of > 20 mmHg. Symptomatic patients had greater total symptom scores (30 (23–44) vs 23 (10–38), p < 0.05, versus asymptomatic patients, with increased low blood pressure, dizziness, cramps, palpitations and feeling cold reported (all p < 0.05). Patients with a SBP fall of > 20 mmHg had greater total scores compared with those with a SBP increase of > 10 mmHg (26 (13–38) vs 17 (7–34), p < 0.05), with more dizziness, cramps, backache, shortness of breath and headache reported (all p < 0.05). Although ultrafiltration rates were similar, HD weight loss was greater for patients with a SBP fall of > 20 mmHg (2.5 ± 1.1 vs 2.0 ± 1.3%, p < 0.05). Patients with highest symptoms scores (highest vs lowest quartile) had longer recovery times (40.3 vs 7.6% > 4 h), p < 0.001.

Multivariable analysis showed that patients reporting more intradialytic symptoms had higher psychological distress thermometer scores (odds ratio (OR) 1.34 (95% confidence limits 1.26–1.44)), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (OR 2.53 (1.04–6.1)), whereas symptom scores were lower for male gender (OR 0.34 (0.22–0.51)), and with increasing age (OR 0.99 (0.97–0.99)).

Conclusion

Patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic IDH, self-reported more symptoms during dialysis, and those patients reporting more symptoms had longer recovery times. We found that younger, female patients, those with greater psychological distress, and lower systolic blood pressure self-reported more intra-dialytic symptoms. More attention is required to prevent falls in intra-dialytic blood pressure to improve the patient experience of HD and shorten post-dialysis recovery times.
Correction to: Percutaneous retrieval of migrated Viabahn stent from a segmental pulmonary artery
Authors: Zvavanjanja R. C.
Published: February 2020

In the published article [1] the statement under the subheading ‘Consent for publication’ is incorrect.
Deep learning and regression modelling of cloudless downward longwave radiation
Authors: Obot Nsikan I. , Humphrey Ibifubara , Chendo Michael A. C. , Udo Sunday O.
Published: February 2020

Background

Though downward longwave radiation (DLR) models curb the paucity of data, they are mostly location dependent. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate their relevance given the increasing use of machine learning techniques. In this study, cloudless DLR estimates from regression models and soft computing models of neural networks (NN), support vector regression (SVR) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were compared. Clear days from September 1992 to August 1994 and July 1995 to March 1998 in Ilorin (8.50 °N, 4.55 °E), Nigeria were considered, while the predictors for the models were water vapour pressure, e and air temperature, T.

Results

A new regression model in relation to the Boltzmann constant, σ: $$ \left(1.014\left(\frac{1.0\times {10}^{30}\times e}{T^{13}}\right)+0.699\right)\sigma {T}^4 $$1.0141.0×1030×eT13+0.699σT4, was better than other regression models and applicable at another location. Between 1 and 8, the sixth degree was the best polynomial kernel function in SVR models’ estimations of cloudless DLR. Though the new regression model was comparable to expert systems, ANFIS was still the best model due to its consistent high correlations and lowest estimation errors.

Conclusions

Experience-based computational procedures that combine enough logics with neural networks respond effectively to other data. Furthermore, the analytical relationship between water vapour pressure and air temperature in DLR’s mechanism should be redefined accordingly, while the sixth polynomial should be used as the default setting in SVR systems.
Annual Meeting Update
Authors: Beydoun Wafik
Published: February 2020

It is a pleasure to introduce what we are planning for the SEG International Exposition and 90th Annual Meeting. Future editorials will be published in TLE to unveil more highlights of the event.
Introduction to this special section: Reservoir characterization Part I
Authors: Tura Ali , Corzo Margarita
Published: February 2020

In 1980, Aki and Richards published linearized formulations of the Zoeppritz equations from 1919. From then on, many flavors and variations of the P-P reflection mode so-called amplitude variation with offset (AVO) equations have been published and used. Assuming the earth is isotropic, these equations are used day in and day out in the industry for reservoir characterization and to find oil and gas in the subsurface. Some publications have shown that using the P-P and P-S reflections in a joint inversion can increase the accuracy of the inverted parameters. Technically, however, there has been little divergence from the linearized Zoeppritz equations until lately when full-waveform inversion started to gain traction, initially for velocity model estimation and imaging and more recently applied to reservoir characterization.
Frequency-dependent AVO analysis
Authors: Foster Douglas J. , Zhao Zeyu , Kumar Dhananjay , Dralus Danica , Sen Mrinal K.
Published: February 2020

A method for generalizing the conventional amplitude variation with offset model from an isolated interface to a scattering reservoir interval is presented. The advantage of this new method is that it can provide enhanced detection of subtle reservoir and pore fluid properties. First- and second-order expressions for the reflected compressional wave energy from a specified heterogenous interval are given. These expressions are applied to two problems of interest for reservoir description. One application is discriminating low versus higher saturations of hydrocarbons, and the other is detecting the extent of vertical stratification within a reservoir. The first-order expression is used for determining hydrocarbon saturations, and the second-order expression is used for detecting the magnitude of fine-scale layering within a reservoir. Synthetic models and field data examples are used in demonstrating the applicability of the proposed method.
Facies — The drivers for modern inversions
Authors: Pendrel John , Schouten Henk
Published: February 2020

It is common practice to make facies estimations from the outcomes of seismic inversions and their derivatives. Bayesian analysis methods are a popular approach to this. Facies are important indicators of hydrocarbon deposition and geologic processes. They are critical to geoscientists and engineers. The application of Bayes’ rule maps prior probabilities to posterior probabilities when given new evidence from observations. Per-facies elastic probability density functions (ePDFs) are constructed from elastic-log and rock-physics model crossplots, over which inversion results are superimposed. The ePDFs are templates for Bayesian analysis. In the context of reservoir characterization, the new information comes from seismic inversions. The results are volumes of the probabilities of occurrences of each of the facies at all points in 3D space. The concepts of Bayesian inference have been applied to the task of building low-frequency models for seismic inversions without well-log interpolation. Both a constant structurally compliant elastic trend approach and a facies-driven method, where models are constructed from per-facies trends and initial facies estimates, have been tested. The workflows make use of complete 3D prior information and measure and account for biases and uncertainties in the inversions and prior information. Proper accounting for these types of effects ensures that rock-physics models and inversion data prepared for reservoir property analysis are consistent. The effectiveness of these workflows has been demonstrated by using a Gulf of Mexico data set. We have shown how facies estimates can be effectively used to build reasonable low-frequency models for inversion, which obviate the need for well-log interpolation and provide full 3D variability. The results are more accurate probability-based net-pay estimates that correspond better to geology. We evaluate the workflows by using several measures including precision, confidence, and probabilistic net pay.
A nonlinear and anisotropic data-driven litho-petroelastic inversion for single-loop subsurface characterization: Theory, uncertainties, and a case study
Authors: Bachrach Ran , Gofer Edan
Published: February 2020

A new data assimilation algorithm for joint litho-petroelastic (LPE) inversion using nonlinear anisotropic Zoeppritz reflectivity operators, together with iterative sequential filtering, is used to provide joint elastic, lithology, and petrophysical estimates. The sequential filtering approach is an attractive choice because integration of petroelastic rock models with seismic data for multiparameter estimation can become quickly ill posed. Data assimilation techniques integrate the data and model in a manner that tracks uncertainties and manages the flow of data, which helps control this difficult, ill-posed estimation problem. For anisotropic formations, joint LPE inversion makes it possible to use anisotropy information associated with the lithology units or petrophysical parameters, either as fixed lithology-dependent trends by means of prior averages or as a direct function of the petrophysical parameters. This proves beneficial for amplitude variation with angle/amplitude variation with azimuth inversion where the azimuthal invariant anisotropic parameter space, containing the vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) components of the reflectivity operators, is not resolvable independently from shear and density information. In many cases, neglecting to account for anisotropy will lead to inferior characterization of anisotropic plays. Anisotropic LPE inversion enables anisotropic characterization by identifying the anisotropic formation as part of the inversion process. LPE inversion also provides estimates of the petrophysical parameter space and, therefore, honors the relation between the anisotropic elasticity, lithology, and petrophysical parameters. This study reviews the LPE inversion workflow and shows how anisotropic LPE inversion in VTI media is used to derive jointly elastic properties, lithology, and petrophysical parameters of the Wolfcamp Permian Basin shale play in Texas. We also demonstrate the importance of including anisotropy in the inversion and show that isotropic inversion poorly delineated the lithology of the play.
A skeptic's view of VVAz and AVAz
Authors: Van De Coevering Norbert , Koster Klaas , Holt Rob
Published: February 2020

We have applied a modern amplitude- and azimuth-preserving seismic data processing workflow to the SEG Advanced Modeling Program (SEAM) Phase II Barrett classic data set — an orthorhombic synthetic seismic model that has extremely dense sampling of all azimuths and offsets. We analyze the resulting prestack depth-migrated offset vector tiles with a variety of methods and software. Note that we only analyze the P-P wave mode, which is the focus of our study. We demonstrate that observed azimuthal changes cannot be correlated with the model's reservoir properties. We have made the migrated data available through SEAM. Compared to modeled data, real onshore seismic data have significantly lower amplitude fidelity, higher noise levels, and more uncertainty in the migration velocity field used for processing. Since we are unable to relate the anisotropy measured from the fully sampled clean SEAM Phase II Barrett synthetic seismic data to the model's known anisotropy, we conclude that it is highly unlikely that azimuthal variations observed on real onshore seismic data will be predictive of reservoir fracture properties.
Fluctuating capacity: the concept of micro- and macro-decisions
Authors: Curtice Martin
Published: February 2020

There is much Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) case law emanating from the Court of Protection. This article reviews an important and unique case when the court specifically addressed for the first time the question of fluctuating capacity, a not uncommon clinical problem that can often be complex. It describes how the Court of Protection in Royal Borough of Greenwich v CDM [2019] legally approached an issue of fluctuating capacity in a 64-year-old woman with a personality disorder and chronic diabetes. In doing so it elucidates a new conceptual framework to apply when assessing fluctuating capacity in terms of considering micro- and macro-decisions which can be used in routine clinical practice.
Management of Cancer Therapy–Associated Oral Mucositis
Authors: Brown Timothy J. , Gupta Arjun
Published: February 2020

Mucositis is a common and feared complication of anticancer therapy that can affect up to 90% of certain populations of patients with cancer. Even seemingly uncomplicated mucositis, which is often self-limited, can result in intense patient discomfort and decline in quality of life. Severe mucositis can be complicated by uncontrolled pain, superinfection or systemic infection, bleeding, and dehydration, and severe mucositis can lead to interruptions or de-escalation in anticancer treatment, resulting in worse oncologic outcomes. This article provides an evidence-based summary to guide practicing oncologists in the assessment, prevention, and management of mucositis induced by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy.
Longitudinal Changes in the Relationship Between Hemoglobin A1c and Glucose Tolerance Across Pregnancy and Postpartum
Authors: Edelson P Kaitlyn , James Kaitlyn E , Leong Aaron , Arenas Juliana , Cayford Melody , Callahan Michael J , Bernstein Sarah N , Tangren Jessica Sheehan , Hivert Marie-France , Higgins John M , Nathan David M , Powe Camille E
Published: February 2020

Objective

To characterize the relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and glucose tolerance across pregnancy and postpartum.

Design and Participants

In a longitudinal study of pregnant women with gestational diabetes risk factors (N = 102), we performed oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and HbA1c measurements at 10–15 weeks of gestation, 24–30 weeks of gestation (N = 73), and 6–24 weeks postpartum (N = 42). Complete blood counts were obtained from clinical records. We calculated HbA1c-estimated average glucose levels and compared them with mean OGTT glucose levels (average of fasting, 1- and 2-hour glucose levels). Linear mixed effects models were used to test for longitudinal changes in measurements.

Results

Mean OGTT glucose increased between 10–15 and 24–30 weeks of gestation (β = 8.1 mg/dL, P = .001), while HbA1c decreased during the same time period (β = –0.13%, P < .001). At 10–15 weeks of gestation and postpartum the discrepancy between mean OGTT glucose and HbA1c-estimated average glucose was minimal (mean [standard deviation]: 1.2 [20.5] mg/dL and 0.16 [18.1] mg/dL). At 24–30 weeks of gestation, the discrepancy widened (13.2 [17.9] mg/dL, β = 12.7 mg/dL, P < .001, compared to 10–15 weeks of gestation, with mean OGTT glucose being higher than HbA1c-estimated average glucose). Lower hemoglobin at 24–30 weeks of gestation was associated with a greater discrepancy (β = 6.4 mg/dL per 1 g/dL lower hemoglobin, P = .03 in an age- and gestational age-adjusted linear regression model).

Conclusions

HbA1c accurately reflects glycemia in the 1st trimester, but underestimates glucose intolerance in the late 2nd trimester. Lower hemoglobin level is associated with greater underestimation. Accounting for gestational age and maternal hemoglobin may improve the clinical interpretation of HbA1c levels during pregnancy.
Calculation and Conflict
Authors: Whyte Jessica
Published: February 2020

Today, it is often forgotten that the socialist calculation debate of the 1920s and 1930s was not only about whether market societies were more economically efficient than planned ones; more crucially, Ludwig von Mises and his disciple Friedrich Hayek depicted economic planning as a threat to the moral and political order of “Western civilization.” A planned economy, these early neoliberals argued, would override the “democracy of consumers” through which individuals registered their own preferences on the market and threaten individual freedom and social peace. This article argues that early neoliberal thinkers mobilized a racialized argument against economic planning, which they depicted as a threat from “the East” and a regression to a “primitive” pre-capitalist, egalitarian morality. Against this neoliberal argument, I retrieve the Austrian philosopher Otto Neurath’s argument that a capitalist market economy is inherently violent and requires the suppression of non-market forms of life.
The dynamic nature and regulation of the root clock
Authors: Xuan Wei , De Gernier Hugues , Beeckman Tom
Published: February 2020

Plants explore the soil by continuously expanding their root system, a process that depends on the production of lateral roots (LRs). Sites where LRs can be produced are specified in the primary root axis through a pre-patterning mechanism, determined by a biological clock that is coordinated by temporal signals and positional cues. This ‘root clock’ generates an oscillatory signal that is translated into a developmental cue to specify a set of founder cells for LR formation. In this Review, we summarize recent findings that shed light on the mechanisms underlying the oscillatory signal and discuss how a periodic signal contributes to the conversion of founder cells into LR primordia. We also provide an overview of the phases of the root clock that may be influenced by endogenous factors, such as the plant hormone auxin, and by exogenous environmental cues. Finally, we discuss additional aspects of the root-branching process that act independently of the root clock.
Cardiopharyngeal mesoderm origins of musculoskeletal and connective tissues in the mammalian pharynx
Authors: Adachi Noritaka , Bilio Marchesa , Baldini Antonio , Kelly Robert G.
Published: February 2020

Cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM) gives rise to muscles of the head and heart. Using genetic lineage analysis in mice, we show that CPM develops into a broad range of pharyngeal structures and cell types encompassing musculoskeletal and connective tissues. We demonstrate that CPM contributes to medial pharyngeal skeletal and connective tissues associated with both branchiomeric and somite-derived neck muscles. CPM and neural crest cells (NCC) make complementary mediolateral contributions to pharyngeal structures, in a distribution established in the early embryo. We further show that biallelic expression of the CPM regulatory gene Tbx1, haploinsufficient in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients, is required for the correct patterning of muscles with CPM-derived connective tissue. Our results suggest that CPM plays a patterning role during muscle development, similar to that of NCC during craniofacial myogenesis. The broad lineage contributions of CPM to pharyngeal structures provide new insights into congenital disorders and evolution of the mammalian pharynx.
An interview with Roberto Mayor
Authors: Maartens Aidan
Published: February 2020

Roberto Mayor is Professor of Developmental and Cellular Neurobiology at University College London. Elected an EMBO member in 2019 and a former International Scholar of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, his lab works on the development of the neural crest, in particular its induction and migration. We met Roberto in Buenos Aires at the tenth biennial meeting of the Latin American Society for Developmental Biology (LASDB, the society he founded in 2001), and discussed the role serendipity has played in his career, why we need a more holistic view of the cell during development, and the challenges and potential of science in Latin America.
A comparative study of small molecules targeting eIF4A
Authors: Naineni Sai Kiran , Itoua Maïga Rayelle , Cencic Regina , Putnam Andrea A. , Amador Luis A. , Rodriguez Abimael D. , Jankowsky Eckhard , Pelletier Jerry
Published: February 2020

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR kinase pathway is extensively deregulated in human cancers. One critical node under regulation of this signaling axis is eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F, a complex involved in the control of translation initiation rates. eIF4F-dependent addictions arise during tumor initiation and maintenance due to increased eIF4F activity—generally in response to elevated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling flux. There is thus much interest in exploring eIF4F as a small molecule target for the development of new anticancer drugs. The DEAD-box RNA helicase, eIF4A, is an essential subunit of eIF4F, and several potent small molecules (rocaglates, hippuristanol, pateamine A) affecting its activity have been identified and shown to demonstrate anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo in preclinical models. Recently, a number of new small molecules have been reported as having the capacity to target and inhibit eIF4A. Here, we undertook a comparative analysis of their biological activity and specificity relative to the eIF4A inhibitor, hippuristanol.
Editorial
Authors: Bairrada Cristela Maia , Coelho Arnaldo Fernandes Matos , Weersma Laodicéia Amorim
Published: February 2020

A Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra (FEUC) está duplamente de parabéns por seus 47 fantásticos anos de história e pelo fato de os seus alunos do Mestrado em Marketing trazerem, para esta edição da Revista Gestão em Análise (ReGeA), trabalhos de investigação que abordam temas atuais e muito pertinentes. O Mestrado em Marketing da Universidade de Coimbra e os seus alunos têm dedicado uma grande atenção à investigação e à consequente publicação de seus resultados. Nessa constante busca pela publicação dos trabalhos em boas revistas internacionais, o Mestrado em Marketing da FEUC vem agora se juntar a esta edição da ReGeA, dedicada à publicação de trabalhos de investigação recentes, a qual, mais que documentar o trabalho realizado, partilha um conjunto de temas e de resultados que contribuem, decerto, para o avanço da investigação em Marketing.
SATISFAÇÃO NO TRABALHO: ANTECEDENTES E CONSEQUENTES
Authors: Freitas Mariana Gouveia
Published: February 2020

Este estudo pretende compreender as variáveis que promovem satisfação nos trabalhadores, contribuindo para um melhor entendimento do conceito, bem como para que as organizações compreendam que os seus recursos humanos, quando satisfeitos, tornam-se uma vantagem competitiva para alcançar o sucesso organizacional. Para verificar tais hipóteses, recorreu-se a um estudo cross-section, utilizando um questionário, em que se obtiveram 418 respostas de trabalhadores portugueses. Para testar as hipóteses, examinou-se o modelo das equações estruturais recorrendo ao software estatístico IBM SPSS AMOS v.25. Os resultados apontaram que as variáveis escolhidas como antecedentes, com exceção do reconhecimento, influenciam a satisfação de um trabalhador, pois, quando um trabalhador está satisfeito, não só ele está com a vida satisfeita, como há uma maior orientação para o cliente, que é mais comprometido e leal, visto que sente mais orgulho da organização e é dotado de uma maior iniciativa pessoal.
Magic numbers for shape coexistence
Authors: Assimakis I. E. , Bonatsos Dennis , Martinou Andriana , Sarantopoulou S. , Peroulis S. , Mertzimekis T. J. , Minkov N.
Published: February 2020

The increasing deformation in atomic nuclei leads to the change of the classical magic numbers (2,8,20,28,50,82…) which dictate the arrangement of nucleons in complete shells. The magic numbers of the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator (2,8,20,40,70,…) emerge at deformations around ε=0.6. At lower deformations the two sets of magic numbers antagonize, leading to shape coexistence. A quantitative investigation is performed using the usual Nilsson model wave functions and the recently introduced proxy–SU(3) scheme.
Efimov States From Triple α Resonances
Authors: Zhang S. , Huang M. , Zheng H. , Zhang G. , Kohley Z. , Ma Y. G. , Yennello S. J. , Bonasera A.
Published: February 2020

The Efimov trimers in excited 12C nuclei, which no observation exists yet, are discussed by means of analyzing the experimental data of 70(64)Zn(64Ni) +70(64)Zn(64Ni )reactions at beam energy of E/A=35 MeV/nucleon. In heavy ion collisions, the αs interact with each other and can form complex systems such as 8Be and 12C. For the 3α systems, multi resonance processes give rise to excited levels of 12C. The interaction between any two of the 3α particles provides events with one, two or three 8Be. Their interfering levels are clearly seen in the minimum relative energy distributions. Events of three couple αrelative energies consistent with the ground state of 8Be are observed with the decreasing of the instrumental error at the reconstructed 7.458 MeV excitation energy of 12C, which was suggested as the (Thomas) Efimov state.
Study and detection of relativistic Solar Neutrons at ground level with the Spherical Proportional Counter
Authors: Kyratzis D. , Savvidis I.
Published: February 2020

A novel method of high energy solar neutron detection is proposed with the Spherical Proportional Counter (SPC), taking advantage of the 209Bi(n,f) reaction. This reaction, is considered as a standard for high energy neutron detection, due to large cross section values in the 100 MeV – 1 GeV energy interval, obtained in the n_TOF facility at CERN. A thin spherical shell of Bismuth will be situated in the large volume of the SPC, serving as target for high energy neutrons bombarding the detector, thus resulting in fission fragment emission. Detailed simulation of the 209Bi(n,f) reaction with the INCL++ model, coupled with the ABLA07 de–excitation code is performed (cross section, mass & atomic number distribution, kinetic energy per fragment) in the 100 MeV – 10 GeV energy interval, together with SRIM for the fragments’ projected range in 209Bi. Experimental data from a 252Cf source are obtained, in order to validate the SPC’s efficiency in fission fragment detection. Calculations for the expected reactions in the 209Bi shell have been performed in different atmospheric depths (700 & 1000 g/cm2), and various spherical detector radii.
Neutron noise modelling for nuclear reactor diagnostics
Authors: Mylonakis A. , Vinai P. , Demaziére C.
Published: February 2020

This paper presents the development of a neutron noise simulator for fine-mesh applications.The neutron noise of power nuclear reactors deals with the fluctuations of the neutron flux that are induced by fluctuations or oscillations of the reactor properties, i.e. displacement of core components, temperature or density variations, etc. Since the appearance of these perturbations can be problematic for the operation of nuclear reactors, it is desirable to be able to analyze their possible effects. The comparison between the modelling of such perturbations and possible measurements also gives the possibility to determine the driving perturbation in an operating nuclear reactor. One modelling approach is to solve numerically the neutron noise diffusion equation. This paper presents CORE SIM+, an under-development numerical tool oriented to neutron noise problems that require the fine-mesh spatial discretization of the reactor core.