bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Copper Nanoparticles for the Control of Leaf Spot and Anthracnose Diseases of Olive
Authors: Ntasiou Panagiota , Kaldeli Kerou Alexandra , Karamanidou Theodora , Vlachou Afrodite , Tziros George T. , Tsouknidas Alexander , Karaoglanidis George S.
Published: June 2021

Olive crop is frequently treated with copper fungicides to combat foliar and fruit diseases such as olive leaf spot caused by Fusicladium oleagineum and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. The replacement of copper-based products with more eco-friendly alternatives is a priority. Metal nanoparticles synthesized in several ways have recently revolutionized crop protection with applications against important crop pathogens. In this study, we present the development of four copper-based nanoparticles (CuNP Type 1 to 4) synthesized with a wet chemistry approach. The CuNPs were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Laser Doppler Electrophoresis, and Attenuated Total Reflection measurements. In addition, the activity of the four CuNP types was tested in vitro and in planta against F. oleagineum and Colletotrichum spp. In vitro sensitivity measurements showed that for both pathogens, mycelial growth was the most susceptible developmental stage to the tested compounds. Against both pathogens, CuNP Type 1 and Type 2 were found to be more active in reducing mycelial growth compared to the reference commercial compounds of copper oxide and copper hydroxide. In planta experiments showed that CuNP Type 3 and CuNP Type 4 exhibited a strong protectant activity against both F. oleagineum and Colletotrichum acutatum with control efficacy values significantly higher than those achieved by the applications of either reference product.
The Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of Voacangine and Structural Analogs Extracted from Tabernaemontana cymosa Depend on the Dengue Virus Strain
Authors: Monsalve-Escudero Laura Milena , Loaiza-Cano Vanessa , Zapata-Cardona Maria Isabel , Quintero-Gil Diana Carolina , Hernández-Mira Estiven , Pájaro-González Yina , Oliveros-Díaz Andrés Felipe , Diaz-Castillo Fredyc , Quiñones Wistón , Robledo Sara , Martinez-Gutierrez Marlen
Published: June 2021

Currently, no specific licensed antiviral exists for treating the illness caused by dengue virus (DENV). Therefore, the search for compounds of natural origin with antiviral activity is an important area of research. In the present study, three compounds were isolated and identified from seeds of Tabernaemontana cymosa plants. The in vitro antiviral effect of those compounds and voacangine against different DENV strains was assessed using different experimental approaches: compounds added before the infection (Pre), at the same time with the virus (Trans), after the infection (Post) or compounds present in all moments of the experiment (Pre-Trans-Post, Combined treatment). In silico studies (docking and molecular dynamics) were also performed to explain the possible antiviral mechanisms. The identified compounds were three structural analogs of voacangine (voacangine-7-hydroxyindolenine, rupicoline and 3-oxo-voacangine). In the Pre-treatment, only voacangine-7-hydroxyindolenine and rupicoline inhibited the infection caused by the DENV-2/NG strain (16.4% and 29.6% infection, respectively). In the Trans-treatment approach, voacangine, voacangine-7-hydroxyindolenine and rupicoline inhibited the infection in both DENV-2/NG (11.2%, 80.4% and 75.7% infection, respectively) and DENV-2/16681 infection models (73.7%, 74.0% and 75.3% infection, respectively). The latter strain was also inhibited by 3-oxo-voacangine (82.8% infection). Moreover, voacangine (most effective virucidal agent) was also effective against one strain of DENV-1 (DENV-1/WestPac/74) and against the third strain of DENV-2 (DENV-2/S16803) (48.5% and 32.4% infection, respectively). Conversely, no inhibition was observed in the post-treatment approach. The last approach (combined) showed that voacangine, voacangine-7-hydroxyindolenine and rupicoline inhibited over 90% of infections (3.5%, 6.9% and 3.5% infection, respectively) of both strains (DENV-2/NG and DENV-2/16681). The free energy of binding obtained with an in silico approach was favorable for the E protein and compounds, which ranged between −5.1 and −6.3 kcal/mol. Finally, the complex formed between DENV-2 E protein and the best virucidal compound was stable for 50 ns. Our results show that the antiviral effect of indole alkaloids derived from T. cymose depends on the serotype and the virus strain.
Exogenous Stilbenes Improved Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana to a Shock of Ultraviolet B Radiation
Authors: Ogneva Zlata V. , Volkonskaia Vlada V. , Dubrovina Alexandra S. , Suprun Andrey R. , Aleynova Olga A. , Kiselev Konstantin V.
Published: June 2021

Excessive ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation is one of the most serious threats leading to severe crop production losses. It is known that secondary metabolite biosynthesis plays an important role in plant defense and forms a protective shield against excessive UV-B irradiation. The contents of stilbenes and other plant phenolics are known to sharply increase after UV-B irradiation, but there is little direct evidence for the involvement of stilbenes and other plant phenolics in plant UV-B protection. This study showed that foliar application of trans-resveratrol (1 and 5 mM) and trans-piceid (5 mM) considerably increased tolerance to a shock of UV-B (10 min at 1800 µW cm−2 of irradiation intensity) of four-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants that are naturally incapable of stilbene production. Application of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid increased the leaf survival rates by 1–2%. This stilbene-induced improvement in UV-B tolerance was higher than after foliar application of the stilbene precursors, p-coumaric and trans-cinnamic acids (only 1–3%), but less than that after treatment with octocrylene (19–24%), a widely used UV-B absorber. Plant treatment with trans-resveratrol increased expression of antioxidant and stress-inducible genes in A.thaliana plants and decreased expression of DNA repair genes. This study directly demonstrates an important positive role of stilbenes in plant tolerance to excessive UV-B irradiation, and offers a new approach for plant UV-B protection.
Special Issue: Green Sustainable Chemical Processes
Authors: Hernández Fernández Francisco J. , Pérez de los Ríos Antonia
Published: June 2021

Sustainable chemical process engineering results from applying the principles of green chemistry or sustainable chemistry to chemical process engineering [...]
Psychopathology and Neurocognition in the Era of the p-Factor: The Current Landscape and the Road Forward
Authors: Haywood Darren , Baughman Frank D. , Mullan Barbara A. , Heslop Karen R.
Published: June 2021

Neurocognitive abilities have frequently been claimed to be involved in the aetiology of psychopathology. Neurocognitive deficits have been reported across many disorders, and theoretical perspectives associate these deficits to the onset and maintenance of the symptomology. Recently, the heterogeneity of symptoms, and comorbidity of disorders, have motivated the development of structural models of psychopathology. Structural models indicate that factors such as internalising, externalising, thought disorder and the p-factor account for a wide variety of symptomology. It is unclear how neurocognitive abilities are best examined within these structures to advance our understanding of psychopathology. In this paper, we use Caspi et al.’s seminal writings as a framework to describe how neurocognitive abilities have been previously associated with categorical disorders and recently associated, and claimed to drive, the factors of psychopathology. We discuss the implications of the p-factor as a substantive construct or statistical artefact, and how this impacts the exploration of neurocognitive abilities and psychopathology. Further, we provide the case for alternative structural approaches, describe an innovative hypothesis of neurocognitive functioning, the multidimensional hypothesis, and explain how this may further our understanding of the heterogeneity of neurocognitive performance and psychopathology at the individual level. Finally, we provide a road forward for the future examination of neurocognitive abilities in psychopathology.
The 2019–2020 Rise in Lake Victoria Monitored from Space: Exploiting the State-of-the-Art GRACE-FO and the Newly Released ERA-5 Reanalysis Products
Authors: Khaki Mehdi , Awange Joseph
Published: June 2021

During the period 2019–2020, Lake Victoria water levels rose at an alarming rate that has caused various problems in the region. The influence of this phenomena on surface and subsurface water resources has not yet been investigated, largely due to lack of enough in situ measurements compounded by the spatial coverage of the lake’s basin, incomplete/inconsistent hydrometeorological data, and unavailable governmental data. Within the framework of joint data assimilation into a land surface model from multi-mission satellite remote sensing, this study employs the state-of-art Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment follow-on (GRACE-FO) time-variable terrestrial water storage (TWS), newly released ERA-5 reanalysis, and satellite radar altimetry products to understand the cause of the rise of Lake Victoria on the one hand, and the associated impacts of the rise on the total water storage compartments (surface and groundwater) triggered by the extreme climatic event on the other hand. In addition, the study investigates the impacts of large-scale ocean–atmosphere indices on the water storage changes. The results indicate a considerable increase in water storage over the past two years, with multiple subsequent positive trends mainly induced by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Significant storage increase is also quantified in various water components such as surface water and water discharge, where the results show the lake’s water level rose by ∼1.4 m, leading to approximately 1750 gigatonne volume increase. Multiple positive trends are observed in the past two years in the lake’s water storage increase with two major events in April–May 2019 and December 2019–January 2020, with the rainfall occurring during the short rainy season of September to November (SON) having had a dominant effect on the lake’s rise.
A Novel GNSS Interference Detection Method Based on Smoothed Pseudo-Wigner–Hough Transform
Authors: Sun Kewen , Yu Baoguo , Elhajj Mireille , Ochieng Washington Yotto , Zhang Tengteng , Yang Jianlei
Published: June 2021

This paper develops novel Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference detection methods based on the Hough transform. These methods are realized by incorporating the Hough transform into three Time-Frequency distributions: Wigner–Ville distribution, pseudo -Wigner–Ville distribution and smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Ville distribution. This process results in the corresponding Wigner–Hough transform, pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform and smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform, which are used in GNSS interference detection to search for local Hough-transformed energy peak in a small limited area within the parameter space. The developed GNSS interference detection methods incorporate a novel concept of zero Hough-transformed energy distribution percentage to analyze the properties of energy concentration and cross-term suppression. The methods are tested with real GPS L1-C/A data collected in the presence of sweep interference. The test results show that the developed methods can deal with the cross-term problem with improved interference detection performance. In particular, the GNSS interference detection performance obtained with the smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform method is at least double that of the Wigner–Hough transform-based approach; the smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform-based GNSS interference detection method is improved at least 20% over the pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform-based technique in terms of the zero Hough-transformed energy percentage criteria. Therefore, the proposed smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform-based method is recommended in the interference detection for GNSS receivers, particularly in challenging electromagnetic environments.
A Two-Channel DFT Spectrum Analyzer for Fluctuation Enhanced Sensing Based on a PC Audio Board
Authors: Cardillo Emanuele , Scandurra Graziella , Giusi Gino , Ciofi Carmine
Published: June 2021

The main requirement for using the Fluctuation Enhanced Sensing technique is the ability to perform low-frequency noise measurements. The portability of the measurement system is also a quite desirable feature not limited to this specific application. In this paper, an approach for the realization of a dual channel spectrum analyzer that is capable of exploring frequencies down to DC, although based on a USB sound card, is proposed. The lower frequency range of the input signals, which is outside the frequency range of the sound board, is upconverted to higher frequencies by means of a very simple modulation board. Then, the entire spectrum is reconstructed numerically by proper elaboration. With the exception of the modulation board, the approach we propose does not rely on any specific hardware. Thanks to the efficiency of the spectra estimation and reconstruction software, which is based on a public domain library, the system can be built on a low-cost computer single board computer, such as the Raspberry PI3. Moreover, when equipped with an optical TCP/IP link, it behaves as a compact spectrum analyzer that along with the device under test can be placed into a shielded environment, thus being isolated from external electromagnetic interferences.
A Seismic Data Acquisition System Based on Wireless Network Transmission
Authors: Huang Yanxia , Song Junlei , Mo Wenqin , Dong Kaifeng , Wu Xiangning , Peng Jianyi , Jin Fang
Published: June 2021

A seismic data acquisition system based on wireless network transmission is designed to improve the low-frequency response and low sensitivity of the existing acquisition system. The system comprises of a piezoelectric transducer, a high-resolution data acquisition system, and a wireless communication module. A seismic piezoelectric transducer based on a piezoelectric simply supported beam using PMN-PT is proposed. High sensitivity is obtained by using a new piezoelectric material PMN-PT, and a simply supported beam matching with the PMN-PT wafer is designed, which can provide a good low-frequency response. The data acquisition system includes an electronic circuit for charge conversion, filtering, and amplification, an FPGA, and a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The wireless communication was based on the ZigBee modules and the WiFi modules. The experimental results show that the application of the piezoelectric simply supported beam based on PMN-PT can effectively improve the sensitivity of the piezoelectric accelerometer by more than 190%, compared with the traditional PZT material. At low frequencies, the fidelity of the PMN-PT piezoelectric simply supported beam is better than that of a traditional central compressed model, which is an effective expansion of the bandwidth to the low-frequency region. The charge conversion, filtering, amplification, and digitization of the output signal of the piezoelectric transducer are processed and, finally, are wirelessly transmitted to the monitoring centre, achieving the design of a seismic data acquisition system based on wireless transmission.
Brain-Computer Interfaces Systems for Upper and Lower Limb Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Camargo-Vargas Daniela , Callejas-Cuervo Mauro , Mazzoleni Stefano
Published: June 2021

In recent years, various studies have demonstrated the potential of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals for the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in the rehabilitation of human limbs. This article is a systematic review of the state of the art and opportunities in the development of BCIs for the rehabilitation of upper and lower limbs of the human body. The systematic review was conducted in databases considering using EEG signals, interface proposals to rehabilitate upper/lower limbs using motor intention or movement assistance and utilizing virtual environments in feedback. Studies that did not specify which processing system was used were excluded. Analyses of the design processing or reviews were excluded as well. It was identified that 11 corresponded to applications to rehabilitate upper limbs, six to lower limbs, and one to both. Likewise, six combined visual/auditory feedback, two haptic/visual, and two visual/auditory/haptic. In addition, four had fully immersive virtual reality (VR), three semi-immersive VR, and 11 non-immersive VR. In summary, the studies have demonstrated that using EEG signals, and user feedback offer benefits including cost, effectiveness, better training, user motivation and there is a need to continue developing interfaces that are accessible to users, and that integrate feedback techniques.
Coherence between Decomposed Components of Wrist and Finger PPG Signals by Imputing Missing Features and Resolving Ambiguous Features
Authors: Tsai Pei-Yun , Huang Chiu-Hua , Guo Jia-Wei , Li Yu-Chuan , Wu An-Yeu Andy , Lin Hung-Ju , Wang Tzung-Dau
Published: June 2021

Background: Feature extraction from photoplethysmography (PPG) signals is an essential step to analyze vascular and hemodynamic information. Different morphologies of PPG waveforms from different measurement sites appear. Various phenomena of missing or ambiguous features exist, which limit subsequent signal processing. Methods: The reasons that cause missing or ambiguous features of finger and wrist PPG pulses are analyzed based on the concept of component waves from pulse decomposition. Then, a systematic approach for missing-feature imputation and ambiguous-feature resolution is proposed. Results: From the experimental results, with the imputation and ambiguity resolution technique, features from 35,036 (98.7%) of 35,502 finger PPG cycles and 36307 (99.1%) of 36,652 wrist PPG cycles can be successfully identified. The extracted features became more stable and the standard deviations of their distributions were reduced. Furthermore, significant correlations up to 0.92 were shown between the finger and wrist PPG waveforms regarding the positions and widths of the third to fifth component waves. Conclusion: The proposed missing-feature imputation and ambiguous-feature resolution solve the problems encountered during PPG feature extraction and expand the feature availability for further processing. More intrinsic properties of finger and wrist PPG are revealed. The coherence between the finger and wrist PPG waveforms enhances the applicability of the wrist PPG.
Uncertainty Modelling in Metamodels for Fire Risk Analysis
Authors: Berchtold Florian , Arnold Lukas , Knaust Christian , Thöns Sebastian
Published: June 2021

In risk-related research of fire safety engineering, metamodels are often applied to approximate the results of complex fire and evacuation simulations. This approximation may cause epistemic uncertainties, and the inherent uncertainties of evacuation simulations may lead to aleatory uncertainties. However, neither the epistemic ‘metamodel uncertainty’ nor the aleatory ‘inherent uncertainty’ have been included in the results of the metamodels for fire safety engineering. For this reason, this paper presents a metamodel that includes metamodel uncertainty and inherent uncertainty in the results of a risk analysis. This metamodel is based on moving least squares; the metamodel uncertainty is derived from the prediction interval. The inherent uncertainty is modelled with an original approach, directly using all replications of evacuation scenarios without the assumption of a specific probability distribution. This generic metamodel was applied on a case study risk analysis of a road tunnel and showed high accuracy. It was found that metamodel uncertainty and inherent uncertainty have clear effects on the results of the risk analysis, which makes their consideration important.
Effect of Daily Physical Activity on Sleep Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Nguyen Thai Duy , Guinot Michel , Bricout Véronique-Aurélie
Published: June 2021

Background. Sleep problems have been reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One of the methods proposed to improve sleep characteristics is based on physical activity (PA). Objective. To assess characteristics of sleep and the effect of PA level on sleep quality in children with ASD compared to controls. Methods. Fifty boys with ASD (ASD; 10.8 ± 2.6 years) and 18 controls (CONT, 10.1 ± 2.2 years) wore an accelerometer device for five consecutive days to obtain measures of activity and sleep characteristics. Results. Some significant differences were reported between ASD and CONT groups. Wake-up time resistance was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ASD. Total time for PA, and daily steps number were significantly lower in the ASD group (p < 0.05). Time for sedentary behavior was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the ASD group. Using a principal component analysis and an agglomerative hierarchical analysis, we observed three clusters. Two showed the same poor-quality indices of sleep but two opposing profiles of PA, either an insufficient PA volume (cluster 1, Total time PA = 75.1 min; Daily steps: 7704) or an important PA volume (cluster 3, Total time PA = 222.1 min; Daily steps: 17,164). Cluster 2 was characterized by moderate participation in PA and children with the best sleep indices (Total time PA = 166.8 min; Daily steps: 12,718). Conclusion. The dose–response effect of exercise on sleep may indicate large individual differences but the present findings are important to prevent sedentary behaviors or to correct over-activity that could be detrimental to the sleep quality in children with ASD.
Constructing and Validating Competence Indicators for Professional Technicians in Fire Safety in Taiwan
Authors: Shyr Wen-Jye , Shih Fan-Yu , Liau Hung-Ming , Liu Po-Wen
Published: June 2021

This study constructed professional competence indicators for technical personnel in fire safety equipment that can be used to guide curriculum planning of fire-protection-related programs in colleges and universities; training of technical personnel in fire safety equipment in the industry; and the mandatory national examinations for technical personnel in fire protection. To achieve the purpose of this study, document analysis, expert interviews, and the Delphi technique were used to verify that there are three first-level dimension indicators. These three primary indicators were categorized as knowledge, skills, and attitude, with an additional 12 second-level orientation indicators and 61 third-level detailed indicators. Furthermore, in relation to the importance–performance analysis, the falling point distribution of the detailed indicators of technical personnel in fire protection in the four quadrants of the IPA model chart was obtained in order to provide a reference for the industry, government, and academia.
Path Tracking of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Fractional Order Fuzzy PID Controller
Authors: Zhong Chong-Quan , Wang Lin , Xu Chuan-Fang
Published: June 2021

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) AC servo system has the characteristics of uncertainty, time-varying, nonlinear and fractional order. Applying the traditional control method is difficult to achieve the desired control effect. The fuzzy control has strong adaptability to the parameter change, nonlinearity and imprecise model of the controlled object. The simulation model of permanent magnet synchronous motor three closed-loop systems is established. The control principle and the realization of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) are studied by using a vector control strategy. Due to the fractional-order characteristic of the motor, a fuzzy logic algorithm is used to realize the parameter self-tuning of the fractional-order proportional integral differential (PID) controller. The controller is selected as the position regulator of the servo motor. It combines the precision of fractional-order PID controller with the adaptability of fuzzy control and adds feed-forward to improve the response speed. The path tracking experiments on several different paths are carried out, and the results show that the control method is effective and can meet the trajectory tracking requirements of servo control. Finally, the speed and position tracking test of the PMSM AC servo system is carried out on the test verification platform, which verifies the effectiveness of the control algorithm.
Effect of Combined Bee Venom Acupuncture and NSAID Treatment for Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Lee Boram , Seo Byung-Kwan , Kwon O-Jin , Jo Dae-Jean , Lee Jun-Hwan , Lee Sanghun
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a combined treatment of bee venom acupuncture (BVA) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of non-specific chronic neck pain (NCNP). Patients with NCNP for ≥3 months were randomly allocated to a BVA, NSAIDs, or combined group (1:1:1), receiving 6 sessions of BVA, loxoprofen (180 mg daily), or a combination, respectively, for 3 weeks. Recruitment, adherence, and completion rates were calculated to assess feasibility. Bothersomeness, pain, disability, quality of life, depressive status, treatment credibility, and adverse events were assessed. In total, 60 participants were enrolled, and 54 completed the trial. Recruitment, adherence, and completion rates were 100%, 95%, and 90%, respectively. Bothersomeness, pain, disability, and depressive symptoms significantly improved in all groups after treatment (p < 0.05). The combined group showed continuous improvement during the follow-up period (p < 0.05). Quality of life was significantly improved (p < 0.05), and treatment credibility was maintained in the BVA and combined groups. No serious adverse events were reported. Combined treatment of BVA and NSAIDs are feasible for the treatment of NCNP, showing high persistence of the effect, credibility, and safety. Additional trials with longer follow-up are needed to confirm this effect.
Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis Occurring in Korean Native Calves
Authors: Oh Sang-Ik , Jung Suk-Han , Lee Han-Kyoung , Choe Changyong , Hur Tai-Young , So Kyoung-Min
Published: June 2021

Giardia duodenalis is one of the most widely occurring zoonotic protozoan parasites causing diarrheal disease in calves. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of G. duodenalis in Korean native calves and elucidate the causal factors associated with giardiasis in these animals. We investigated the sequences of three genes (ssu, bg, and gdh) of G. duodenalis in fecal samples collected from 792 Korean native calves during 2019–2020. Data were analyzed with regard to age, sex, sampling season, and the fecal sample type (based on its physical characteristics). The samples were screened for the three genes mentioned above, and 44 samples (5.6%) were G. duodenalis-positive. Polymerase chain reaction results showed a significantly higher prevalence of the infection in calves aged ≥1 month and in those with watery diarrhea in spring season. Screening for the gene sequences ssu (87.5%), bg (96.2%), and gdh (96.7%) revealed that most of the G. duodenalis-positive samples belonged to assemblage E. Four of the G. duodenalis-positive samples belonged to the zoonotic assemblage A. This study highlights the importance of continuous surveillance of genetic mutations in G. duodenalis for the detection of emerging variants of zoonotic G. duodenalis in calves.
Noise Reduction Provided by Trees in an Urban University Campus
Authors: TAŞ İnanç , BÜYÜKSAKALLI Halit
Published: June 2021

In urban universities, there are various noise sources such as roads, railways, construction activities that disturb staffs and students and cause undesirable environment for higher education. In this study, noise reduction effects of trees were investigated in the urban campus of Bursa Technical University (BTU) located in Yıldırım province of Bursa, Turkey. The campus was surrounded by a major inter-city road with a heavy traffic at the north and there is a large hospital at the south. There is a tree fence along the north boarder and there are groups of trees particularly at the north. In field study, the peak noise level data were collected for 5 minutes in two periods (Morning: 09:00-11:00 and Afternoon: 14:00-16:00) from total of 64 points which were homogenously distributed in the campus. Additional noise data were also collected from outside and inside of tree fence along the north border and from midpoint of each tree group. The coordinates of the noise data points were recorded by a GPS and a noise level layer was generated in ArcGIS 10.4.1. Then, noise map of campus was generated using kriging function based on spatial interpolation of noise data. The results indicated that the average peak noise level was 65.6 dBA in the morning period and 66.1 dBA in the afternon period. The maximum peak noise level of 103.6 dBA was reached in the morning period, while maximum peak noise level was 101.6 dBA in the afternoon period. The average peak noise level within the tree groups were 53.7 dBA (maximum 59.3 dBA) and 54.1 dBA (maximum 61.3 dbA) in two periods, respectively. It was also found that tree fences reduced the noise level by 24.9 dBA and 26.3 dBA in two periods, respectively. The results revealed that trees within urban campus are important to reduce noise effect.
Organization of Therapeutic Nutrition in a Complex of Therapeutic Measures for Acute Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Perminova Elena Vitalievna
Published: June 2021

Organization of care for patients with glomerulonephritis is a rather urgent problem today, due to the high incidence rate and the tendency to progression of renal dysfunction. When discussing treatment issues, it is necessary to pay attention to
the fulfillment of three basic requirements for patients, which include normalization of the life regime (in particular, the exclusion of night work, avoiding stressful situations and heavy physical activity when having high blood pressure), the implementation of
certain dietary recommendations and prolonged drug treatment [3]. Diseases of the kidneys as the main organ, the affection of which leads to a deterioration of excretory function, require a special diet with a restriction of a number of products. Against the
background of glomerulonephritis disruption of the process of glomerular filtration, which in some cases leads to the development of renal failure, it is necessary to reduce the intake of food substances that can have a negative effect on the body — alcohol,
smoked meats, spicy, salty foods, preserves, sausages, foods with high protein and salt content. Moreover, one should also take control of the amount of fluid consumed and ensure compliance with the frequency and regularity of food intake.
Rare Clinical Masks of Amyloidosis
Authors: Polozova Ella Ivanovna , Skvortsov Vsevolod Vladimirovich , Radaikina Olga Georgievna , Kezhaykina Aleksandra Vladimirovna , Trokhina Irina Evgenievna
Published: June 2021

Amyloidosis is a group of diseases characterized by the deposition of a protein having
a fibrillar structure in the organs and tissues of the body. The main difference between amyloid is a high ordering of the structure, which manifests itself in the ability to birefringence in combination with dichroism, i.e. a change in the red colour of amyloid deposits to apple green in polarized light. Today, the disease has stopped to be a rare one, but the similarity of clinical data with well-known diseases increases the timing of diagnosis, affects the prognosis and survival of patients. Rare forms of amyloidosis, the description of which is reflected in this article, deserve special attention.
Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in the Process of Stone Formation during Urolithiasis. Types and Chemical Composition of Uroliths
Authors: Kaspruk Lyudmila Ilyinichna
Published: June 2021

Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological pathologies, the prevalence of which is growing every year. Scientists attribute this fact to changes in diet, water quality, lifestyle, climatic conditions, and global aging of the population. The medical and social and economic significance of the urolithiasis problem is that in the vast majority of cases this pathology is noted among people of working age and has a high tendency
to relapse. In some cases, against the background of disease progression, disability occurs. At the heart of the pathogenesis of urolithiasis is a violation of metabolic processes, leading to the formation of calculi in the organs of the urinary system. The main clinical manifestations of urolithiasis include pain, pyuria, hematuria,
obstructive anuria. The appearance of a pain symptom is explained by the stretching of the renal capsule with urine due to its inability to enter the bladder. The favorite localization of stones during urolithiasis is the right kidney due to the peculiarities of its anatomical location, in men this pathology is noted more often. Kidney stones can be found in any age group, but mainly affect people aged 25–50 years and almost always bring a lot of suffering. A general practitioner should have a general idea of the clinical picture of the manifestations of urolithiasis and the structure of stones, since recommendations on the observance of the diet and maintaining an appropriate lifestyle depend on this knowledge [1].
Belgium Healthcare System
Authors: Frolova Elena
Published: June 2021

Belgium is a small country in northwestern Europe, with a population of 11.4 million
people. The country has a very high level of urbanization; up to 97% of the population lives in cities and towns. About 10% of GDP is spent annually on the development of healthcare, which, technically, corresponds to the average European indicators. Based on the results of work in 2018, the Belgian medical care delivery system was recognized as the “most generous healthcare system in Europe”, however, it was rated much lower in terms of quality than the countries that took first places in the ranking. The country has a public and private healthcare system, and both of them are paid. 99% of the population is covered by medical insurance, and children under the age of 18 are covered by parental insurance. All officially employed Belgians and self-employed persons operating in the country must be registered and make contributions
to the Belgian Health Insurance Fund. The amount of the monthly contribution to the Health Insurance Fund is fixed, it amounts to 7.35% of the salary.
History of formation and development of laboratory diagnostics
Authors: Panchenko Sergey Borisovich
Published: June 2021

Clinical laboratory diagnostics is a medical diagnostic specialty that provides a set of studies of the biomaterial of the human body with the aim of further comparing the results with the data of a clinical examination and establishing a diagnosis. Thanks to laboratory research, practical healthcare has the opportunity to receive about 70% of the volume of objective diagnostic information necessary for the timely adoption of the correct clinical decision, the appointment of appropriate treatment, and subsequently ensuring control over the effectiveness of its implementation. The object of research in laboratory diagnostics is an individual, and the subject of research is the biomaterial obtained from him (saliva, urine, semen, blood, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, exudate, etc.) [3]. The history of the development of laboratory diagnostics has more than one hundred years. The earliest information that has come down to us, which can be considered a prototype of laboratory diagnostics, refers to Ancient Egypt. In the “Surgical Papyrus”, the information was found on the possible conduct of a visual analysis of biological fluids - this paper provides a description of the state of cerebrospinal fluid in injured patients. At the same time, the first mentions of parasitology appeared — there is an assumption that Muslims do not eat pork, as many years ago they discovered the presence of parasites in it. The work “Forecast”, which belongs to the pen of Hippocrates, contains a rather detailed description of the properties and macroscopic characteristics of urine, feces and sputum in normal conditions and in various diseases. However, the emergence of laboratory diagnostics as an independent branch of medicine occurred much later, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Assessment of changes in biochemical parameters and their role as markers of pathological processes
Authors: Petrischeva Olga Alekseevna
Published: June 2021

The data of laboratory tests can often provide up to 70% of information about the disease, and the test results can help the doctor not only in the correct diagnosis and competent prescription of treatment, but also should be aimed at conducting a subsequent assessment of its effectiveness. At the present stage, laboratory tests are represented by a wide range of clinical, immunological, biochemical, microbiological, histological and molecular genetic studies. Evaluation of some parameters (for example, a clinical blood test and a general urinalysis) is carried out practically at each patient's request for medical help, while others are evaluated only if there are indications. For example, if a patient complains of severe dysuric disorders, determining the level of amylase in this case will be uninformative, but urinalysis according to Nechiporenko will contribute to the correct diagnosis. A doctor of a clinical specialty, on the one hand, must clearly understand which tests can help in making a diagnosis and will carry
the maximum information content, and, on the other hand, try to avoid unnecessary prescription of tests that have low evidence in a particular clinical situation. One of the most frequently prescribed tests is the conduct of biochemical studies, therefore, in today's article we will try to figure out how biochemical parameters change in various pathological processes, and what information they can bring.
Some interesting facts from the history of medicine
Authors: Kaspruk Lyudmila Ilyinichna
Published: June 2021

A huge number of unexpected and interesting facts are associated with the history of the development of medicine, some of them are generally known, while the majority of people might have never even heard of others. Sometimes these facts led to the greatest discoveries, for example, in the case of the discovery of penicillin, and in other cases they could go completely unnoticed. Today we invite you to find out who invented the quarantine, which cough medicine was considered the most effective for many years, and what is the «placebo» effect, which, as it turned out, works even on dogs. It
may be of interest to you that not long ago, a little over 100 years ago, mercury was considered a cure for all diseases, and it was proposed to treat syphilis by infecting a patient with malaria. In the days of ancient Rome, every wealthy Roman had to have his own slave doctor, and the higher the professionalism of the forced doctor was, the more authority his owner enjoyed. Did you know, for instance, that the first contraceptive came to us from Ancient Egypt? At that time, it was a fragment of a spongy soft
core of papyrus, saturated with an acidic substance that kills sperm. The substance was made from sour milk and crocodile excrement — indeed, the most common ingredients were used, which could be easily found in every Egyptian backyard.
Tuberculosis prevalence state in the world at the present stage
Authors: Marchenko Ekaterina Valerievna
Published: June 2021

The incidence rate of tuberculosis in a particular country is an indicator of social well-being in society. Tuberculosis continues to be the leading cause of death among infectious diseases and is among the top ten common causes of death. Every year, about 1.3 million patients die from this pathology in the world, while every fourth has an HIV-associated form of the disease. New cases of the disease are recorded every year in about 10 million people, 58% of them are men, 32% are women, and about 10% are children and adolescents. The World Health Organization has compiled a list of 30 countries "living with the burden of tuberculosis", accounting for 87% of all infections. In the European Region and the WHO Region of the Americas, the total proportion of those infected with tuberculosis does not exceed 6%. At the same time, it should be noted that eight countries - India, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa - account for two-thirds of all TB cases in the world. In May 2014, at the session of the World Health Assembly, the WHO Strategy to Eliminate Tuberculosis in the World was approved, and all countries, members of the WHO, took obligations to implement it. In September 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals were adopted, according to which WHO Member States should strive to achieve a 90% reduction in tuberculosis incidence and 95% mortality by 2035 (with intermediate targets in 2020, 2025 and 2030). In addition, no family should have to bear the catastrophic costs of treating tuberculosis when one or more of its members become ill.
Use of vitamin-mineral complex during rehabilitation of patients at the end of self-isolation
Authors: Gizinger O. A.
Published: June 2021

An analysis of the efficacy of Vita Balanсe 2000 vitamin-mineral complex during patients’ complex rehabilitation at self-isolation end. Clinical and immunological efficacy of vitamin-mineral complexes during rehabilitation after a viral respiratory diseases and at the end of self-isolation. It is evidence of the reasonableness of taking vitamin-mineral complex in cases of dysfunction of innate or adaptive immunity factors appeared against the background of bacterial or viral infection.
Colonic Perforation After Treatment With Nivolumab in Esophageal Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Cho Hye Jung , Kim Woo Ram , Kim Joo-Hang , Kim Duk Hwan , Kim Dae Jung , Kang Haeyoun
Published: June 2021

With the advent of checkpoint inhibitors, it has opened up opportunities for numerous cancer patients. However, as is the case with every treatment, complications need to be weighed. Gastrointestinal adverse effects, such as diarrhea and colitis are well-known complications for checkpoint inhibitors. In severe cases, colitis-induced colonic perforation may occur with an estimation of 1.0% to 1.5% in anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. However, only a handful of cases of such devastating complications have been reported in anti-PD-1 antibodies such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab. We here report a case of intestinal perforation in a patient treated with nivolumab.
Laparoscopic Hartmann reversal: experiences from a developing country
Authors: Nguyen Dung Anh , Mai-Phan Tuong-Anh , Thai Truc Thanh , Nguyen Hai Van
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Laparoscopic surgery is considered a promising approach for Hartmann reversal but is also a complicated major surgical procedure. We conducted a retrospective analysis at a city hospital in Vietnam to evaluate the treatment technique and outcomes of laparoscopic Hartmann reversal (LHR).Methods: A colorectal surgery database in 5 years between 2015 and 2019 (1,175 cases in total) was retrieved to collect 35 consecutive patients undergoing LHR.Results: The patients had a median age of 61 years old. The median operative time was 185 minutes. All the procedures were first attempted laparoscopically with a conversion rate of 20.0% (7 of 35 cases). There was no intraoperative complication. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were 0 and 11.4% (2 medical, 1 deep surgical site infection, and 1 anastomotic leak required reoperation) respectively. The median time to first bowel activity was 2.8 days and median length of hospital stay was 8 days.Conclusion: When performed by skilled surgeons, LHR is a feasible and safe operation with acceptable morbidity rate.
Tensiones heurísticas de la educación inclusiva
Authors: Ocampo González Aldo
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo expone algunas de claves analíticas más significativas implicadas en la construcción del conocimiento de la educación inclusiva. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las trayectorias analíticas que permiten sostener que la educación inclusiva no pertenece con exactitud a la regionalización signada como educación especial. Si esta errónea vinculación ha sido establecida se debe exclusivamente a los persistentes errores de aproximación de los investigadores a su objeto y término. La inclusión no se limita a ningún campo en específico, no así, la educación inclusiva. La naturaleza del conocimiento del campo devela un conjunto de articulaciones heurísticas que inauguran una peculiar convergencia post-disciplinar. El método empleado es el de revisión documental crítica. Entre sus conclusiones, se observa que sus fuerzas definitorias asumen un carácter epistemológico neo-materialistas, una forma de escape a los sistemas logo-céntricos de producción del saber.
Orientación vocacional y su influencia en la deserción universitaria
Authors: Erazo Guerra Xavier Fernando , Rosero Morales Elena del Rocio
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación, surge de la importancia de una adecuada orientación vocacional que facilitará en los estudiantes el auto conocimiento de sus actitudes y aptitudes que les guiará a desempeñarse en la vida universitaria y laboral. El objeto de la investigación será el determinar a la orientación vocacional y su influencia en la deserción universitaria para la mejora de la retención estudiantil, e identificar las causas y factores para que los estudiantes abandonen sus estudios en una carrera universitaria, como inciden los factores externos e internos en la decisión del ingreso a la universidad y poder determinar la motivación y orientación en los bachilleres para cumplir con su proyecto de vida. Es un artículo de revisión teórica porque sintetiza información publicada para proponer alternativas de solución con bases teóricas. La metodología a utilizar será cualitativa porque busca interpretar lo estudiado para aplicarlo de manera descriptiva y correlacional al medir las dos variables.
The New Results in Injective Modules
Authors: Hashemi Samira , Hassani Feysal , Rasuli Rasul
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we introduce and clarify a new presentation between the divisible module and the injective module. Also, we obtain some new results about them.
A Framework to Model Site Reliability Engineering Implementations and its Consolidation
Authors: Sunder Anand
Published: June 2021

Site Reliability Engineering has opened a pandora’s box of new technological challenges [1],[3],[6],[10]. Trying to condense all of it into one structure or system is one such requirement. We show the interaction between people, processes, and technology as against the levels of maturity on reliability scale of 5.
Elegant Economy in Elizabeth Gaskells Cranford: A Socialist Feminist Study
Authors: Ramteke Megha
Published: June 2021

Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865) was a Victorian writer who had to undergo various kinds of condescension for her writings. After bearing the stigma of being conformist, conventional, and meek as ascribed to her by the contemporary feminist critics, Gaskell’s writings are being revisited with a new feminist perspective in recent years. The present paper is also a humble attempt to rediscover the feminist dimension of her writings by exploring one of her novels, Cranford (1853), through a socialist feminist lens. Cranford presents such a social structure that is devoid of a Class system and constructed by women in a matrilineal society as against the capitalist patriarchal society of Drumble. This Matriarchal socialist social structure is based on the values of cooperation, humanity, and motherly care characteristic to the differently developed gendered subjectivity of women. The social change through the agency of woman foreshadows Gaskell’s far-sighted feminist views of the 1970s.