bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS À HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL EM IDOSOS DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO INTERIOR DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Pereira Déborah Santana , Custódio Lívia Lopes , Verde Gomes Ilvana Lima , Magalhães Moreira Thereza Maria
Published: February 2020

No Brasil, dentre as Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis, a Hipertensão ArterialSistêmica (HAS) destaca-se pelo elevado número de casos diagnosticados. Paratanto, objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de HAS e fatores associados em idososde Canindé, Ceará. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo de base populacional com372 idosos. Aplicaram-se questionário de caracterização e o International PhysicalActivity Questionnaire, analisados no SPSS 16.0. A prevalência de HAS foi de 46,2%da população. Dentre os hipertensos, apenas 1,2% não aderiu ao tratamentomedicamentoso. Observaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significantes entrehipertensão e faixa etária (p=0,004), aposentadoria (p=0,000), consulta einternação no último ano (p=0,000), nível de atividade física (p=0,008), obesidade(p=0,031) e diabetes (p=0,001). Na análise multivariada ajustada, os idososobesos tiveram 5,603 vezes mais chances de serem hipertensos, os diabéticos1,876 e os inativos 2,067. Aqueles que apresentaram frequência >4 vezes deconsultas e internações no último ano tiveram 2,854 mais chances de terem essediagnóstico. Embora não se comprove uma relação de causalidade, os resultadosencontrados e a associação entre as variáveis apontam a necessidade doempoderamento da população para uma boa adesão ao tratamento, além dasiniciativas de prevenção, investimentos em saúde e difusão de políticas públicas.
UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HAK–HAK TERSANGKA TERHADAP KASUS PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA DALAM PRA PERADILAN
Authors: Sitepu Desy Kartika Caronina , Purba Nelvitia
Published: February 2020

Penegak hukum ada kalanya di dalam melaksanakan tugasnya dan wewenangnya secara tidak bertanggung jawab dan melanggar terhadap kasus-kasus yang ditangani termasuk kasus penyalahgunaan narkotika. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan adanya berita ataupun laporan yang sering memuat tentang seseorang yang disangka melakukan tindak pidana, di tahan melebihi batas waktu yang telah ditetapkan oleh KUHAP, ataupun adanya tindakan penahanan yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum tanpa disertai dengan surat penahanan yang jelas bahkan penahanan yang dilakukan tanpa prosedur yang benar. Analisis data yang dilakukan oleh penulis dengan menentukan isi dan makna daripada aturan hukum yang akan dijadikan pegangan dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang di kaji Setelah itu dilakukan  pengumpulan data, selanjutnya diseleksi, diklasifikasi dan disusun dalam bentuk narasi yang kemudian disatukan dalam bentuk karya ilmiah. Dengan menggunakan metode  deduktif yaitu penarikan kesimpulan yang ditarik dari sesuatu yang sifatnya umum yang sudah dibuktikan kebenarannya dan penelitian ini menghasilkan data deskriftif  berupa pengumpulan tertulis maupun lisan yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Mengawasi adanya tindakana upaya paksa yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum tersebut, maka KUHAP telah menciptakan lembaga Praperadilan. Adanya lembaga Praperadilan ini adalah  bertujuan untuk tegaknya hukum dan perlindungan daripada  hak-hak tersangka untuk mendapat  perlindungan hukum dan perlindungan hak asasi tersangka tersebut di dalam proses pemeriksaan pada tingkat pemeriksaan, penyidikan dan penuntutan.. Kata Kunci: Praperadilan, Hak-hak tersangka,Penyidik,Melampau Wewenang
KEANEKARAGAMAN ROTAN DI DESA SABABANGUNAN KECAMATAN DOLOK SIGOMPULON, KABUPATEN PADANG LAWAS UTARA, SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Nurhalizah Nurhalizah , Khairul Khairul , Hasibuan Rosmidah , Dimenta Rivo Hasper
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman rotan serta untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tanaman rotan yang mendominasi di Desa Sababangunan. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada Februari – Maret 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode jelajah dimana peneliti langsung mencari jenis tanaman rotan yang terdapat di sekitar Desa Sababangunan, selanjutnya dicatat titik koordinat pada lokasi tumbuh tanaman rotan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa menggunakan persamaan indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wiener (H’), indeks Similaritas (J) dan indeks Dominansi (D). Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 4 jenis rotan yaitu Calamus scipionum, Calamus ornatus, Daemonorops robusta, Plectocomia elongata. Nilai hasil analisis indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wiener (H’) berada pada kisaran 1,34-1,37 dengan nilai H’ tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi II dengan kategori biodoversitas sedang. Nilai Indeks Keseragaman (J) berada pada kisaran 0,96-0,99 dengan nilai J tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi II dengan kategori keseragaman populasi tinggi, dan perolehan nilai Indeks Dominansi (C) pada seluruh stasiun pengamatan berkisar 0,25-0,27 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada spesies rotan yang mendominasi di sekitar desa Sababangunan
PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PREVIEW QUESTION READ REFLECT RECITE REVIEW (PQ4R) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATERI POKOK SISTEM EKSKRESI DI KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 1 BILAH HULU KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU
Authors: Boru Gultom Halimah Sakdiah , Ritonga Nurhakima , Sari Novi Fitriandika
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan Strategi Pembelajaran Preview Question Read Reflect Recite Review (PQ4R) terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi pokok sistem ekskresi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Bilah Hulu Kabupaten Labuhan Batu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest–posttest control group design. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 30 siswa kelas XI IPA1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan 30 siswa kelas XI IPA2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar berupa tes objektif pilihan ganda yang telah diuji keabsahannya. Pengujian statistik dari kedua kelas tersebut menggunakan uji-t, diperoleh hasil t hitung sebesar 4,958 dan t tabel 2,045. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa thit > ttab(4,958 > 2,045) sehingga H0ditolak pada taraf signifikan α = 0.05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh strategi PQ4R terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada konsep sistem ekskresi
INFORMASI MORFOLOGI REPRODUKSI DAN NISBAH KELAMIN UDANG MANTIS Cloridopsis scorpio (Latreile, 1828) DI PERAIRAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE BELAWAN
Authors: Dimenta Rivo Hasper , Machrizal Rusdi , Khairul Khairul
Published: February 2020

Penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui morfologi alat reproduksi dan nisbah kelamin jantan-betina pada udang mantis Cloridopsis scorpio telah dilakukan selama 3 bulan, sejak bulan Maret hingga Mei 2019 pada perairan ekosistem mangrove Belawan. Pengambilan sampel udang mantis Cloridopsis scorpio dilakukan menggunakan jaring ambai berbahan nilon polyfilament dengan peletakan posisi jaring melawan pergerakan arus air. Penentuan stasiun pengamatan ditetapkan dengan metode purposive random sampling sehingga diharapkan dapat memperoleh data yang mewakili lokasi. Data nisbah kelamin dianalisis menggunakan analisis chi-square (χ2) (Sugiono, 2006) dan data sebaran frekuensi matang gonad udang dianalisa dengan rumus Walpole (1993). Hasil analisis nisbah kelamin menunjukkan nisbah kelamin jantan C. scorpio lebih sedikit dibandingkan betina dengan perolehan nilai chi-square hitung > chi-square tabel(0,05.10) (63,20 >18,30). Dari hasil analisa data sebaran frekuensi udang ditemukan C. scorpio kategori belum matang gonad (BMG) paling banyak ditemukan pada ekosistem mangrove Belawan dengan selang ukuran panjang tubuh 32 mm hingga 128,72 mm, dan udang mantis yang matang gonad (MG) ditemukan mulai pada selang kelas ukuran panjang tubuh 128,72 mm hingga 298,00 mm Kata kunci: Belawan, Nisbah Kelamin, Cloridopsis scorpio, Reproduksi
CEMARAN BAKTERI DAN RESIDU PESTISIDA PADA BUAH ANGGUR
Authors: Suparman Ryan , Athennia Armita
Published: February 2020

Buah merupakan komoditas pangan yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh rumah tangga di Indonesia, baik dalam keadaan segar. Dikaitkan dengan masalah keamanan pangan, buah-buahan ini dapat dikatakan sebagai jenis buah yang berpeluang mengandung residu pestisida melebihi batas maksimum residu karena buah disemprot pestisida secara langsung selama proses produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan residu pestisida (golongan organofosfat) dan bakteri Escherichia coli  pada buah anggur lokal dan Impor. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian survey observational. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anggur impor dan lokal yang di beli pada 3 pedagang berbeda.Pengambilan sampel di Pasar Induk Kramat Jati. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa keberadan Escherichia coli  pada buah anggur lokal dan impor adalah 0,3 MPN/g dibawah standar nasional Indonesia  dan ditemukan residu pestisida organofosfat pada buah anggur impor dan lokal namun kadarnya masih dalam batas aman. Kata Kunci : bakteri, escherichia coli, residu pestisida, anggur, buah
Prioritizing Strategic Factors of Creative Tourism Industry in Iran by Analytic Network Process (ANP)
Authors: Mavi Reza Kiani , Gheibdoust Hamed , Khanfar Ahmad A.
Published: February 2020

Nowadays, it is obvious that creative tourism industry has become very essential for countries and societies; therefore, governments work on constituting policies in order to develop this industry. To be successful in improving creative tourism industry, governments should identify the influential factors and focus on ones that are more important rather than investing a bit on many different factors. Because of the interrelations among factors, this research is aiming to prioritize factors that influence strategic policies of creative tourism industry in Iran using analytic network process (ANP). Data were collected during the period of May 2017 to February 2018. Participants in this research are 13 tourism experts with more than 10 years' experience in the field. Results show that the most influential criterion is "business support" and the most influential subcriterion is "supporting midsize businesses." This study helps policy makers to improve creative tourism by emphasizing on those factors that have high priority from the viewpoint of strategic policy-making.
The theory of patronized goods in the optics of comparative methodology.
Authors: Rubinstein Aleksander
Published: February 2020

The present study focuses on the methodological aspects of the Theory of patronized goods, modifications of two liberal principles of the Austrian school, incorporated into mainstream economic theory - "methodological subjectivism" and “methodological individualism”, as well as the standard axiom of "homogeneity of economic agents". The paper discusses some modifications to these assumptions and their various combinations that form the basis of a number of theories that justify state activity. Analysis of the basic premises of the theory of public goods and merit goods, and the concept of libertarian paternalism allowed the author to suggest that from the point of view of methodology, these theoretical constructions are particular cases of the Theory of patronized goods based on "methodological subjectivism", "methodological relativism" and "the principle of heterogeneity".  In the Theory of patronized goods they are integrated in the form of supposition that every person depending on the level of his understanding and his value judgments acts subjectively optimally in the given circumstances; in the principle of utility complementarity, according to which there may be a group interest alongside with the individual interests of the group members; and in the form of two irreducible to each other branches of formation of public interest – market and political.
Risk management debate focused on banking industry
Authors: Matis Eugenia Ana , Matis Cosmin Dumitru , Strouhal Jiří
Published: February 2020

Corporate governance is a subject of constant timeliness and broad interest, mainly aimed at ensuring adequate protection for investors and financial institutions. This interest in corporate governance is due to its influence on the healthy growth of companies and society as a whole. Paper provides evidence on implementation of Basel II and Basel III within Romanian banking sector from the historical perspective trying to show an overview on Basel developments and encourages further investigations into the particularities of the Basel III which is soon to be put into practice.
Innovation Within The Moravskoslezský Region – Small And Medium Sized Enterprises
Authors: Fialová Vendula , Hronová Pavlina
Published: February 2020

The paper focuses on innovation in the Moravian-Silesian Region in the sector ofsmall and medium enterprises. The article presents the results of research which hasdealt with innovations in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises, in particular with types of innovations which have been implemented in this sector. Furthermore, it evaluates the impacts of their implementation on selected areas and how the size of a company influences the effects of implemented innovations within the selected areas. The greatest influences from the point of view of the effect of implemented innovation have been discovered in criteria focused on the observation of the market and a less significant influence in a criterion focused on social sector.
Testing EMA Indicator for the Currency Pair EUR / USD
Authors: Kolková Andrea
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to verify the effectiveness of EMA indicator according to selected time intervals. The underlying assumption is that on longer timescales EMA is profitable and provides more relevant signals.  The second objective of this paper is to test the signals of indicators in different months. It is believed that in September and January the number of trading signals on this indicator will increase. Testing will be done on the five-minute time frame. The test will be subjected to 65,000 rate values of the EUR / USD currency pair. The effectiveness of the analysis will be evaluated on the basis of a digital (binary) option. Business strategy is based on EMA crossover indicator of the current exchange rate. By the contribution, there were confirmed hypotheses about more profitable signals when selecting a greater timeframe breadth of moving average. There was also confirmed an increased amount of signals in September, but not in January.
Principles of Workplace Democracy: Cases from the Czech Republic
Authors: Vopalecký Andy , Durda Lukáš
Published: February 2020

The article is about the concept of management of democratic companies in the Czech Republic with a focus on the principles of workplace democracy. The analysis is based on four case studies of democratic companies. The case studies have been drawn up on the basis of a questionnaire survey among the workers of companies and interviews with their executives. The research has shown the importance of even a high rate of implementation of the various principles in all surveyed companies. The best rated principle is "dialogue and listening". In the case of the principle of "reflection and assessment", it will show certain deficiencies in the provision of feedback. Principles of workplace democracy identified in interviews mostly agree with the principles referred to in the literature. Resulting from the research, it proposes recommendations and suggestions for further research.
INFORMATION ON THE STATUS OF THE PROJECT SOLUTION "CRIMINOLOGICAL AND CRIMINAL LAW OPTIONS TO RESOLVE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE"
Authors: Polák Peter , Tittlová Marcela
Published: February 2020

Annotation Domestic violence is one of the recent and severe social problems. His legal solution consistently fails to absence of relevant legislation which would clearly and precisely the what it is ,, domestic violence ", what forms of action can be subsumed under the term and what not, which shows signs of domestic violence and how it can be addressed resp. sanction. In doing so, in cases where there is serious offenses against life, health or human dignity that are at the same time nature of domestic violence steadily increasing. With this in mind, it is a strong taboo issue, the actual rate of incidence of domestic violence in a society is only possible to argue. Clearly, though, we can say that this is a problem that occurs frequently, although not relevatne underpinned by having the right solutions. Appropriate legislation which would provide the necessary protection to victims of domestic violence guarantee their rights in criminal or civil proceedings and ultimately changed the very.
Factores predictores de la satisfacción laboral de las educadoras en Belice
Authors: Salazar Ana Lucrecia
Published: February 2020

Los(as) investigadores(as) del comportamiento organizacional consideran la satisfacción laboral como una variable dependiente importante. Esta investigación pretendió conocer qué factores son predictores de la satisfacción laboral de las educadoras beliceñas. El estudio fue de tipo ex post facto, descriptivo y correlacional. La unidad de observación fue la educadora que labora en el nivel de enseñanza parvularia, primaria y secundaria en centros escolares gubernamentales y denominacionales de Belice. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario que se aplicó a 1,360 educadoras en 269 centros escolares beliceños. Se utilizaron diferentes pruebas de significación estadística como la prueba de regresión lineal múltiple y el análisis multivariado de varianza, entre otras. Los resultados muestran que ocho variables de investigación son predictoras de la satisfacción laboral de las educadoras beliceñas. También se observaron efectos significativos sobre la satisfacción laboral de algunas variables demográficas. La mayoría de las educadoras beliceñas indicaron estar satisfechas en su trabajo debido a su amor por los(as) estudiantes y por la profesión docente. Las educadoras expresaron sus razones y aportaron recomendaciones al respecto. En general, los hallazgos de esta investigación son positivos, aunque existen aspectos susceptibles de ser mejorados relacionados con las condiciones laborales, la supervisión, el reconocimiento de logros y el trato equitativo, entre otros. Los resultados obtenidos mediante esta investigación proveen al Ministerio de Educación de Belice y a las instituciones denominacionales que administran centros escolares en el país, información que podrá ser utilizada para tomar las medidas correctivas que sean necesarias en los programas de calidad de vida en el trabajo, que apuntan a lograr que la labor educativa sea más gratificante para sus trabajadores(as).
Future Service in Industry 5.0
Authors: Faruqi Umar Al
Published: February 2020

With the rapid development of technology in the digitalization era, Industry 4.0 became a terminology that became a reference for research and development in the field of technology in various sectors. This continues to trigger all people to develop technology to enable better utilization in facilitating human life. Society 5.0 is an idea that explains the revolution in people's lives with the development of the fourth industrial revolution. The concept that wants to be presented is how there is a revolution in society that both utilizing technology and also considering humanities aspects. Some sectors of work and needs are beginning to enter digitalization that utilizes Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Robotics, Automation, Machine Learning, and the Internet of Things.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Vibermixo Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Kuliah Akuntansi: Berdasarkan Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Mattoasi Mattoasi
Published: February 2020

Learning is a complex and unique process, meaningthat someone who learns involves all aspects of hispersonality, both physically and mentally. The involvementof all aspects of personality is expected tohave an impact on students with the support of adequatelearning media. The purpose of this study is tofind out the appropriate learning media in the accountingsphere based on the literature. The research methodused is a qualitative method by using library researchas a data source. The results showed that the use ofVibermixo media in the accounting learning processcould be used to improve the quality with student.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Outdoor Study
Authors: Gobel Inang , Ahmad Muchtar , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: February 2020

Inang Gobel Nim 911 415 112 “Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Outdoor Study”. Program Studi S-1 Pendidikan Ekonomi, Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo.. Adapun yang menjadi masalah dalam penelitian ini apakah dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran Outdoor Study dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Kabila Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode pembelajaran Outdoor Study  pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Kabila Kabupaten Bone Bolango.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian  tindakan kelas (PTK). Yang dilaksanakan dalam II siklus, dengan jumlah siswa 26 orang.Dari hasil penelitian pada pelaksanaan tindakan kelas ini terdiri, hasil pada siklus I mencapai 57,70% kemudian pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 84,62%.  Kata Kunci : Metode Pembelajaran Outdoor Study dan Hasil Belajar
Pengaruh Fasilitas Perpustakaan Terhadap Budaya Baca
Authors: R.Moo Zulkifli , Popoi Irina , Mahmud Melizubaida
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh fasilitas perpustakaan terhadap budaya baca siswa kelas XI IPS di SMA Negeri 1 Kota Gorontalo.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 41 responden. Tehnik pengumpulan data ialah observasi, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif fasilitas perpustakaan terhadap budaya baca siswa kelas XI IPS di SMA Negeri 1 Kota Gorontalo. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan model analisis regeresi adalah Ŷ = 3,605 + 0,752 X + ε. Dengan besar pengaruh fasilitas Kelas XI IPS Di SMA Negeri 1 Kota Gorontalo”. Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi Konsentrasi Pendidikan Ekonomi Akuntansi, Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Dibawah bimbingan perpustakaan terhadap budaya baca siswa mencapai 35,7% dan sisanya 64,3% budaya baca siswa dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.

Kata kunci : Fasilitas Perpustakaan, Budaya Baca Siswa
Pengaruh Kompetensi Profesional Guru Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Kurniadi Andi , Popoi Irina , Mahmud Melizubaida
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kompetensi profesional guru terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas VIII pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu di SMP Negeri 2 Telaga Kabupaten Gorontalo.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 29 responden. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi.

Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kompetensi profesional guru memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas VIII pada mata pelajaran IPS terpadu di SMP Negeri 2 Telaga Kabupaten Gorontalo. Ini terlihat dari hasil analisis regresi dimana kompetensi profesional guru berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa yang mencapai 36,7% dan sisanya 63,3% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.

Kata kunci : Kompetensi Profesional Guru, Motivasi Belajar Siswa
The Role of Economic Community for West African States (ECOWAS) in Post-Conflict Rehabilitation: Lessons from Liberia
Authors: Kwaja Chris
Published: February 2020

In the aftermath of the violent conflict in Liberia, the issue of post- conflict rehabilitation took center stage, with the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) deeply involved in an elaborate post-conflict rehabilitation program in the country. Through the use of content analysis, this paper explores the involvement of ECOWAS in post-conflict rehabilitation in Liberia in the context of the devastating consequences of violent conflicts that the country experienced. In specific terms, it highlights key lessons learnt from the ECOWAS intervention in Liberia, as part of its mandate for peace, security and stability in the region.
Diversification of Foreign Policy, From Peacekeeping to Strategic Presence: The Case of Pakistan in Africa
Authors: Bakare Najimdeen
Published: February 2020

Pakistan began its participation in UN peacekeeping in 1960 and became one of the top Troop Contributing Countries (TCC) during 1990s. Barely two decades following its creation, Pakistan demonstrated a unique sense of shared responsibility and humanity by contributing troops to bringing about peace and harmony in war ridden zones, this unique propensity has been on display amidst all odds and limited resources. However, it puzzles a rational mind, why Pakistan would choose to commit, deploy, and labor its troops to such perilous venture regardless of all odds and limited resources. Most of the peacekeeping missions are concentrated in Africa and Pakistan has significantly participated in these missions to bring peace and harmony to the continent. But the question is what strategic dividend and goodwill Pakistan gets from these missions, particularly the African peacekeeping missions. To articulate these issues more vividly, the paper is divided into two sections.

The first section of the paper takes a theoretical lens to understand peacekeeping and is followed by an attempt to understand why Pakistan has been an adherent peacekeeping nation. In addition to peacekeeping as a tool of foreign policy, the second section of the paper argues that there are numerous strategic ‘untapped’ areas, wherein Pakistan can equally strengthen her foreign policy in Africa, if policymakers would consider diversifying into these areas. Therefore, this paper posits that an amalgam of peacekeeping and exploitation of these untapped areas can add to the meaningful presence of Pakistan in Africa and by extension the fulfillment of her foreign policy objectives.
The United Nations in the 21st Century by Karen A. Mingst and Margaret P. Karns, and Alynna J. Lyon
Authors: Masood Ayesha
Published: February 2020

The United Nations in the 21st century: Dilemmas in World Politics is a noteworthy book on the world’s leading international organization and international relations which provides a comprehensive introduction of the United Nations (UN), its functions and its role in the promotion of peace and stability. and the book has a lot to offer in terms of the United Nations in the broader context of global politics; reflecting mainly on its history, challenges, and reforms, etc. The book offers an in-depth account concerning the functions of the United Nations i.e. how the UN works and also sheds light on the numerous challenges faced by the organization in the present century. From terrorism to piracy and from evolved threats to human security such as cybercrimes to climate change and global warming, the authors in the book accord due importance to the new players on the international scene.
Strong Soft X-Ray Excess in 2015 XMM-Newton Observations of BL Lac OJ 287
Authors: Pal Main , Kushwaha Pankaj , Dewangan G. C. , Pawar P. K.
Published: February 2020

We report a strong soft X-ray excess in the BL Lacartae γ-ray blazar OJ 287 during long exposure in 2015 May, among two of the latest XMM-Newton  observations performed in 2015 and 2018 May. In the case of the 2015 May observation, a log parabola model fits the EPIC-pn data well, while a log parabola plus a power law describes the overall simultaneous optical to X-ray spectra, suggesting the excess as the synchrotron tail. This interpretation, however, is inconsistent with the observed spectral break between near-infrared (NIR) and optical spectra, attributed to a standard disk around a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Based on this, we considered two commonly invoked accretion-disk-based models in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to explain the soft excess: the cool Comptonization component in the accretion disk and the blurred reflection from the partially ionized accretion disk. We found that both cool Comptonization and blurred reflection models provide an equally good fit to the data, and favor a super-heavy SMBH of mass ∼1010
M
⊙. Further investigation of about a month-long simultaneous X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) pointing observations revealed a delayed UV emission with respect to the 1.5–10 keV band, favoring X-ray reprocessing phenomenon as the dominant mechanism. The results suggest that the soft excess is probably caused by strong light bending close to the SMBH. The detected soft excess in the 2015 data and its disappearance in the 2018 data is also consistent with the presence of accretion-disk emission, inferred from the NIR–optical spectral break between 2013 May and 2016 March.
A Photometric Analysis of the Relationship between the UV flux of Type Ia Supernovae and Host-galaxy Metallicity
Authors: Brown Peter J. , Crumpler Nicole R.
Published: February 2020

The effect of progenitor metallicity on Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) has important cosmological implications due to the need for these standardizable candles to be compared across large spans of cosmic time in which the progenitor stars might have different properties. Theoretical models have come to different conclusions as to the wavelength range impacted by metallicity differences, leading to differing interpretations of the growing sample of UV observations. Recent work has claimed a correlation between the mid-UV flux of SNe Ia measured from Swift grism spectra and the gas-phase metallicities measured for their host galaxies. Here we examine UV photometry for the same objects. We find no significant correlations between the UV–optical colors (or UV/optical count rate ratios) of the SNe Ia and the host-galaxy properties of mass or metallicity. The lack of a significant correlation with host-galaxy metallicity implies that a physical difference other than progenitor metallicity dominates the UV flux differences. Understanding the existing observations requires improved theoretical models and a larger parameter space of physical differences.
Close-in Exoplanets as Candidates for Strange Quark Matter Objects
Authors: Kuerban Abudushataer , Geng Jin-Jun , Huang Yong-Feng , Zong Hong-Shi , Gong Hang
Published: February 2020

Since the true ground state of hadrons may be strange quark matter (SQM), pulsars may actually be strange stars rather than neutron stars. According to this SQM hypothesis, strange planets can also stably exist. The density of normal matter planets can hardly be higher than 30 g cm−3. They will be tidally disrupted when the orbital radius is less than ∼5.6 × 1010 cm, or when the orbital period (P
orb) is less than ∼6100 s. However, an SQM planet can safely survive even when it is very close to the host, due to its high density. This feature can help us identify SQM objects. Here, we have tried to search for SQM objects among close-in exoplanets orbiting around pulsars. It is found that four pulsar planets (XTE J1807-294 b, XTE J1751-305 b, PSR 0636 b, PSR J1807-2459A b) completely meet the criterion of P
orb < 6100 s, and are thus good candidates for SQM planets. The periods of two other planets (PSR J1719-14 b and PSR J2051-0827 b) are only slightly larger than the criterion value. They could be regarded as potential candidates. Additionally, we find that the periods of five white dwarf planets (GP Com b, V396 Hya b, J1433 b, WD 0137-349 b, and SDSS J1411+2009 b) are less than 0.1 day; they might also be SQM planets. Gravitational wave emissions from these close-in planetary systems are calculated from the view of various gravitational wave detectors.
The Intriguing Parsec-scale Radio Structure in the “Offset AGN” KISSR 102
Authors: Kharb P. , Lena D. , Paragi Z. , Subramanian S. , Vaddi S. , Das M. , Khatun R.
Published: February 2020

We report the detection of an intriguing parsec-scale radio source in the “offset AGN” candidate, KISSR 102. The elliptical host galaxy includes two optical nuclei at a projected separation of 1.54 kpc, N1 and N2, to the southeast and northwest, respectively. Phase-referenced Very Long Baseline Array observations at 1.5 and 4.9 GHz of this low ionization nuclear emission line region galaxy have detected double radio components (A and B) at a projected separation of 4.8 parsec at 1.5 GHz, and another partially resolved double radio structure at 4.9 GHz coincident with the brighter radio component A. These radio detections are confined to the optical nucleus N1. The brightness temperatures of all the detected radio components are high, ≳108 K, consistent with them being components of a radio active galactic nucleus (AGN). The 1.5–4.9 GHz spectral index is inverted (α ∼ + 0.64 ± 0.08) for component A and steep for component B (α ≲ −1.6). The dramatic change in the spectral indices of A and B is inconsistent with it being a typical “core-jet” structure from a single AGN, or the mini-lobes of a compact symmetric object. To be consistent with a “core-jet” structure, the jet in KISSR 102 would need to be undergoing strong jet-medium interaction with dense surrounding media resulting in a drastic spectral steepening of the jet. Alternatively, the results could be consistent with the presence of a parsec-scale binary radio AGN, which is the end result of a three-body interaction involving three supermassive black holes in the center of KISSR 102.
Self-consistent Analysis of Stellar Clusters: An Application to HST Data of the Halo Globular Cluster NGC 6752
Authors: Souza S. O. , Kerber L. O. , Barbuy B. , Pérez-Villegas A. , Oliveira R. A. P. , Nardiello D.
Published: February 2020

The Bayesian isochrone fitting using the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is applied, to derive the probability distribution of the parameters age, metallicity, reddening, and absolute distance modulus. We introduce the SIRIUS code by means of simulated color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), including the analysis of multiple stellar populations (MPs). The population tagging is applied from the red giant branch to the bottom of the main sequence. Through sanity checks using synthetic Hubble Space Telescope CMDs of globular clusters we verify the code reliability in the context of simple and MPs. In such tests, the formal uncertainties in age or age difference, metallicity, reddening, and absolute distance modulus can reach 400 Myr, 0.03 dex, 0.01 mag, and 0.03 mag, respectively. We apply the method to analyze NGC 6752, using Dartmouth stellar evolutionary models. Assuming a single stellar population, we derive an age of 13.7 ± 0.5 Gyr and a distance of

, with the latter in agreement within 3σ with the inverse Gaia parallax. In the analysis of the MPs, three populations are clearly identified. From the Chromosome Map and UV/Optical two-color diagrams inspection, we found a fraction of stars of 25 ± 5, 46 ± 7, and 29 ± 5 %, for the first, second, and third generations, respectively. These fractions are in good agreement with the literature. An age difference of 500 ± 410 Myr between the first and the third generation is found, with the uncertainty decreasing to 400 Myr when the helium enhancement is taken into account.
Systematic Variations of CO J = 2−1/1–0 Ratio and Their Implications in The Nearby Barred Spiral Galaxy M83
Authors: Koda Jin , Sawada Tsuyoshi , Sakamoto Kazushi , Hirota Akihiko , Egusa Fumi , Boissier Samuel , Calzetti Daniela , Meyer Jennifer Donovan , Elmegreen Bruce G. , de Paz Armando Gil , Harada Nanase , Ho Luis C. , Kobayashi Masato I. N. , Kuno Nario , Martín Sergio , Muraoka Kazuyuki , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Scoville Nick , Seibert Mark , Vlahakis Catherine , Watanabe Yoshimasa
Published: February 2020

We present spatial variations of the CO J = 2−1/1–0 line ratio (

) in the barred spiral galaxy M83 using Total Power Array (single-dish telescopes) data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. While the intensities of these two lines correlate tightly,

varies over the disk, with a disk average ratio of 0.69, and shows the galactic center and a two-arm spiral pattern. It is high (≳0.7) in regions of high molecular gas surface density (Σmol), but ranges from low to high ratios in regions of low Σmol. The ratio correlates well with the spatial distributions and intensities of far-ultraviolet (FUV) and infrared (IR) emissions, with FUV being the best correlated. It also correlates better with the ratio of specific intensities at 70 and 350 μm, a proxy for dust temperature, than with the IR intensities. Taken together, these results suggest either a direct or indirect link between the dust heating by the interstellar radiation field and the condition of giant molecular clouds (GMCs), even though no efficient mechanism is known for a thermal coupling of dust and bulk gas in GMCs. We speculate that the large spread of

in low Σmol regions, mostly at the downstream sides of spiral arms, may be due to the evolution of massive stars after spiral arm passage. Having in a late phase escaped from the spiral arms and their parental clouds, they may contribute to the dust heating by FUV and gas heating by cosmic rays produced by supernovae.
L’alerte par sirènes : une priorité discutable en France
Authors: Douvinet Johnny
Published: February 2020

Les sirènes, déployées après la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale en France métropolitaine, sous couvert d’une défense passive, ont pour objectif d’alerter la population pour annoncer la survenue ou l’imminence de dommages susceptibles de porter atteinte à l’intégrité physique des biens ou des personnes. L’alarme associée est destinée à interrompre les activités sociales, et elle doit induire un comportement « approprié », aussi bien de la part des autorités que des habitants exposés. Pourtant, la priorité allouée en France aux sirènes, qui constituaient l’un des piliers du Réseau National d’Alerte (RNA) de 1954 à 2010, et qui sont au cœur du futur SAIP (système d’alerte et d’information de la population) attendu en 2022, reste sujet à de nombreuses interrogations : les sirènes peuvent présenter des faiblesses techniques ; elles sont rarement utilisées ; leur déploiement répond davantage à un choix politique, sans aucune référence à une quelconque efficacité ; cela revient à minimiser le potentiel d’autres outils (médias sociaux, panneaux à messages variables, applications smartphones, etc.), qui pourraient pourtant être sollicités de façon complémentaire dans une logique d’alerte multicanale. Face à un tel constat, cet article propose d’analyser, sous un angle critique, cette priorité allouée aux sirènes pour transmettre l’alerte à la population en France, notamment en vue des évolutions réglementaires qui se profilent, en particulier la mise en œuvre d’une solution d’alerte par SMS, elle aussi attendue pour 2022. Les choix faits en Belgique et aux États-Unis permettent de voir comment l’alerte par sirènes a évolué ailleurs, et d’imaginer des pistes d’amélioration possibles.
Justice spatiale et conflits territoriaux dans un contexte néolibéral. Le cas du plan stratégique de Til Til dans la région métropolitaine de Santiago du Chili
Authors: Jorge Priscillia , Chia Eduardo , Torre André , Stamm Caroline , Bustos Beatriz , Lukas Michael
Published: February 2020

Au Chili comme ailleurs, les luttes menées pour la justice spatiale et le droit à la ville s’étendent bien souvent au-delà du cœur des villes et fleurissent en particulier dans les zones périurbaines ou d’étalement urbain. Nous étudions le cas de Til Til, « zone de sacrifice » située dans la périphérie de la région métropolitaine de Santiago, où se sont développées un grand nombre d’activités polluantes, et où les habitants se mobilisent depuis une dizaine d’années pour manifester leur opposition à ce processus. L’analyse des termes constitutifs et de la généalogie du Plan stratégique pour le développement de Til Til 2015-2018, mis en place par le gouvernement régional dans le but de répondre à la situation de conflit sur ce territoire, ainsi que des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès des principales parties prenantes du sujet, nous permettent d’étudier le processus d’apparition d’une nouvelle prise de parole des acteurs, à travers la structuration de leur discours critique autour du droit à vivre dans un environnement sain et de leurs actions pour participer aux décisions concernant l’avenir de leur territoire. Dans un premier temps nous présentons le cas de Til Til et les conflits provoqués par l’installation controversée d’infrastructures polluantes dans la commune. Nous analysons ensuite le plan Til Til, sa méthode et ses résultats contestés, avant de montrer comment la mise en place de cet outil, qui a servi la stratégie de légitimation de l’action publique, s’est révélée inadaptée à la gestion du conflit socio-environnemental et a au contraire participé au renforcement de la résistance des populations locales, réinterrogeant ainsi les conditions d’émergence d’un droit à la ville dans le contexte néolibéral chilien.
Partenariat autour de l’évaluation des cas complexes : ce qui ne va pas de soi
Authors: Dujardin Valériane , Guézennec Pauline
Published: February 2020

Les conseils locaux de santé mentale sont largement plébiscités dans notre pays et font désormais partie de son paysage social. Parmi ceux-ci, 85% ont souhaité mettre en place des instances collectives d’analyse de situations complexes, c'est-à-dire de réflexion et d’action concernant des habitants qui posent question ou problème aux acteurs sociaux locaux. Cet article soulève les difficultés que pose ce type de pratique tant sur le plan éthique que juridique et appelle à la plus grande prudence quant à la création de telles pratiques en particulier dans le cadre des CLSM.
Les couloirs humanitaires : un régime d’exception pour gérer des réfugiés « désirables »
Authors: Ngombe Miriam
Published: February 2020

Ce travail explore les enjeux auxquels font face les gestionnaires associatifs d’un dispositif d’accueil de cinq cents futurs demandeurs d’asile identifiés par des associations de solidarité chrétiennes, dénommé « couloir humanitaire Liban-France ». Reposant sur le principe du parrainage privé des réfugiés par des citoyens français et appuyés par l’État français, ces couloirs humanitaires mettent en lumière l’adaptation des acteurs de l’aide internationale confrontés aux logiques dominantes de la gouvernance de l’humanitaire et de l’asile. Cette recherche qualitative explore les défis d’une action humanitaire qui tente de faire preuve d’ouverture tout en se conformant aux paradigmes sécuritaires et gestionnaires. Ainsi, au nom du développement, ces associations contribuent à (re)définir les catégories de réfugiés admissibles – c’est-à-dire les « désirables ».
La « sudisation » du secteur de l’aide internationale
Authors: Joxe Ludovic
Published: February 2020

Depuis une trentaine d’années, les acteurs du secteur de l’aide internationale ont cherché à impliquer davantage les populations auprès desquelles ils intervenaient dans un mouvement de « sudisation ». Chez Médecins sans frontières (MSF), ce mouvement s’est notamment traduit par une diversification de l’origine des « expatriés ». Basé sur cinquante-cinq entretiens et une observation participante, cet article analyse l’enjeu implicite de la « sudisation » : l’émancipation des individus du Sud vis-à-vis du Nord. Fruit d’une volonté politique « sudiste » et d’un besoin grandissant en « expatriés », la « sudisation » de MSF entraînerait en fait une dépolitisation partielle de l’organisation, déplacerait son équilibre stratégique et ferait finalement émerger une nouvelle stratification sociale.
A Review of Benign Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Wu Wisdeen , Kamat Deepak
Published: February 2020

Benign congenital anomalies are common in neonates. Some of these common benign congenital anomalies include preauricular pits, sacral dimples, supernumerary digits, accessory nipple, and natal teeth. It is important for health care providers who take care of newborns to recognize these benign anomalies so that unnecessary evaluations and investigations are not performed. However, some of these anomalies may be associated with clinically significant conditions. In this article, we discuss when further evaluation should be performed in babies presenting with these common benign congenital anomalies.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(2):e66–e70.]
Progress and Development of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Technologies in Tourism
Authors: Çeltek Evrim
Published: February 2020

Progress and development of tourism technologies and applications available through smart devices provide an increasing diversity in tourism marketing. Augmented reality, virtual reality applications with the smart technologies, which are considered as new marketing communication instruments, increase awareness and help in terms of getting information about tourists and giving information to the tourist. Thus, this chapter provides an assessment regarding the progress of AR and VR researches published in hospitality and tourism journals. In particular, the chapter determines the current fields, topics, and research methods of AR and VR articles published in 32 hospitality and tourism research journals between 2000-2018, comparing the subjects and research methods of 32 journals and discussing the changes in topic areas throughout the years, to offer suggestions for further research on AR and VR for hospitality and tourism journals.
Opinion Mining in Tourism
Authors: Özen Ibrahim Akın , Ilhan Ibrahim
Published: February 2020

In the tourism sector, online tourist reviews analysis is one of the methods to evaluate the products and services offered by businesses and understand the needs of tourists. These reviews take place in social networks and e-commerce sites in parallel with the developments in information and communication technologies. Tourists generate these reviews during or after their use of the products or services. In the literature, these reviews are referred to as UGC (User Generated Content) or eWOM (electronic word-of-mouth). The scientific evaluation of the textual contents in tourist reviews is done by text mining, which is a sub-area of data mining. This chapter discusses the methods and techniques of opinion mining or sentiment analysis. In addition, aspect-based sentiment analysis and techniques to be used in the application are discussed. A case study was carried out using aspect-based sentiment analysis method. In the application “Cappadocia home cooking” restaurant used tourist reviews.
Customer Experience in the Restaurant Industry
Authors: Tuncer Ilhami
Published: February 2020

One of the most important points of consideration that will ensure the sustainability and profitability of businesses in the digitized world market is the experience offered to customers. Experience in business preferences, especially of the digitized customers, is quite specific. This chapter discussed the contribution of smart technologies to customer experience for restaurants, and emphasized its significance. Moreover, the subjects of artificial intelligence, smart technology, and QR code were addressed based on customer experience. The contribution offered to customers was emphasized by giving examples of smart technology applications used in restaurant businesses to improve customer experience. The chapter will contribute theoretically to the subject which has not been adequately studied in the literature.