bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy versus no local treatment in patients with metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: González-Browne Catalina , Díaz Jorge , Pinto Ivan , Vidal Álvaro , Altamirano-Villarroel Jaime
Published: May 2023

Introduction Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in Chile, with 8157 new cases in 2020. Worldwide, 5 to 10% of men have metastatic disease at diagnosis, and androgen deprivation therapy with or without chemotherapy is the standard of care for these patients. The use of local treatment in this setting has no formal recommendation due to the lack of high- quality evidence. Some retrospective studies have sought to elucidate the benefit of surgery on the primary tumor in the setting of metastatic disease since it has been proven to be an effective local treatment for other metastatic malignant diseases. Despite these efforts, the benefit of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy as local treatment in these patients remains unclear. Methods We searched Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is main-tained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from systematic reviews, reanalyzed data from primary studies, conducted a meta- analysis, and generated a summary results table using the GRADE approach. Results and conclusions We identified 12 systematic reviews, including seven studies in total, none of which was a trial. Only six of those seven primary studies were used in the results summary. Despite the lack of high- quality evidence, the results summary shows the benefits of performing surgery on the primary tumor in terms of all- cause mortality, cancer- specific mortality, and disease progression. There was also a potential benefit in local complications related to the progression of the prima-ry tumor, supporting the implementation of this intervention in patients with metastatic disease. The absence of formal recommendations highlights the need to evaluate the benefits of surgery on a case- by- case basis, presenting the available evidence to patients for a shared decision- making process and considering future local complications that could be difficult to manage.
Direito internacional: para uma crítica marxista
Authors: Moreira Júlio da Silveira
Published: May 2023

Trata-se de um compêndio didático e acadêmico de conceitos fundamentais da teoria jurídica e do Direito Internacional, tais como: sujeitos de direito, relações jurídicas, contratos, ideologia jurídica e Estado. A partir desses conceitos jusfilosóficos elementares, o autor conduz a um modelo teórico que critica o Direito Internacional a partir de suas bases fundadoras (passando pelas obras de Francisco de Vitória, Hugo Grotius e Immanuel Kant. Para isso, faz uso de abordagens pouco conhecidas nas obras em língua portuguesa, como a Abordagem de Terceiro Mundo do Direito Internacional e a Teoria Marxista do Direito Internacional. O percurso pela leitura marxista está amparado em conceitos elementares, como a teoria do valor, a acumulação primitiva de capital, a superexploração, a concentração e centralização de capitais e a teoria do imperialismo. A partir dessa revisão teórica de base, o autor analisa a dialética dos conflitos internacionais contemporâneos, passando pelo princípio de segurança coletiva, a criação das Nações Unidas, a política de segurança nuclear e, por fim, um estudo aprofundado da Guerra ao Terror no período em que George W. Bush estava à frente do governo dos Estados Unidos da América. Eis uma edição revista e ampliada, que comemora 10 anos da sua primeira publicação, que já contava com notas de Alysson Leandro Mascaro e Radha D'Souza. Para essa nova edição, foram incluídos um prefácio de Luiz Felipe Brandão Osório e um texto inédito do autor, sobre Direito Internacional e Estudos Latino-Americanos.
LEVEL OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Agung Nugroho Fajar
Published: May 2023

Background: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or higher). It is common but can be serious if not treated. A patient with hypertension who receives a treatment, implements a diet program, and carries out activities must comply with the recommendations of health workers.

Objective: To find out the level of medication adherence in hypertensive patients at Selokerto Village.

Method: This study was a quntitative study  with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 100 people with hypertension at Selokerto Village and they were taken by total sampling method.

Result: The results of this study were 63 (63%) respondents with a high level of medication adherence and 37 (37%) respondents with a moderate level of medication adherence.

Conclusion: The level of medication adherence in Selokerto Village was dominantly good medication adherence.

Recommendation: For further research, researchers are expected to examine the factors associated with medication adherence.
V2V and V2R Communication Algorithm to avoid collisions at intersections
Authors: E. Mahmoud Hosam , A. Elsaid Mohamed , K. Salama Mohammed
Published: May 2023

Road intersections represent one of the most complex configurations encountered when traversing road networks. A high percentage of accidents occur at these locations. In- addition increasing number of vehicles makes the number of accidents and collisions increase in a dangerous way specially in high way roads, many researches on that topic has been made on the recent technologies to reduce the number of accidents, if we come up with a way that enables cars to communicate with each other, and each car sends data about it, such as its location, speed and direction in which it will travel, this will facilitate movement and reduce collisions. In this research paper, we will propose to present communication protocols between cars and each other through intersections, as well as between cars and the surrounding environment, through short-range wireless communications that coordinate movement between cars and prevent collisions.
Letter: The Green Economy and its Impact on Sustainable Development
Authors: Khaled Saad
Published: May 2023

with the increasing pressures on the environment as a result of the various commitments and activities that serve the economy, especially in the major industrialized countries... The concept of the green economy began to appear, which means achieving growth and sustainable development without violating the environmental system, as well as providing aid and grants to poor countries in order to advance education, health and infrastructure, thus achieving justice and equality.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penggunaan Informasi Akuntansi Berbasis E-Commerce pada UMKM (Studi Kasus pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah di Kabupaten Wonogiri)
Authors: Sulistya Sulistya , Rohwiyati Rohwiyati , Supheni Indrian
Published: May 2023

MSMEs are one of the business pillars that have an important role in the ‎Indonesian economy as evidenced by their contribution to GDP of 61.07% or ‎equivalent to 8,573.89 trillion rupiahs. In this all-digital era, MSME activities are ‎already using e-commerce in the transaction process. One of the things that affect ‎the performance of MSMEs is the recording of financial accounting related to ‎business decision-making such as investment and so on. Accounting knowledge, ‎business scale, and education level of MSME business owners are factors that ‎influence the use of e-commerce-based accounting information in MSMEs. The purpose of this ‎study was to find out the influence of knowledge, business scale, and level of ‎education on the use of e-commerce-based accounting information in MSMEs. ‎The data analysis method used was multiple linear analysis with a sample of ‎MSMEs that have used e-commerce-based accounting information in Wonogiri ‎Regency. The results obtained were the significance value of accounting ‎knowledge was 0.006 <0.05, which means this variable had a significant and ‎positive influence on the use of e-commerce-based accounting information. The ‎significance value of the business scale was 0.000 <0.05, which means this ‎variable had a significant and positive influence on the use of e-commerce-based ‎accounting information. The significance value of education level was 0.000 ‎‎<0.05, which means this variable had a significant and positive influence on the ‎use of e-commerce-based accounting information. The conclusion obtained is that ‎the three variables, namely accounting knowledge, business scale, and level of ‎education had a significant and simultaneous influence on the use of e-commerce-‎based accounting information with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05.‎
Mejoras al plan de estudios del idioma inglés a nivel universitario utilizando un enfoque de derechos humanos
Authors: Meric Olivier Gerard Angel
Published: May 2023

El modelo curricular elaborado para la enseñanza del idioma inglés en la Universidad Estatal Amazónica se basa en un enfoque de derechos humanos. Este modelo curricular tiene por objeto establecer el contenido y las estrategias para que los alumnos desarrollen las competencias lingüísticas que satisfacen sus necesidades y objetivos, y es una adaptación de los métodos curriculares desarrollados por el educador lingüístico Jack C. Richards. El éxito del método curricular se analizó teniendo en cuenta tres criterios: el nivel adquirido, las 2 ¿Cuántas especies hay en Ecuador? competencias lingüísticas alcanzadas y los recursos didácticos utilizados con el fin de evaluar su impacto en el proceso de aprendizaje. La investigación se realizó con la población total estudiantil de la UEA durante un semestre con una estadística descriptiva para analizar los resultados. La diferencia entre los dos semestres en términos del número de estudiantes que habían completado su nivel es de 17,6%, lo que confirma una mejora del proceso de aprendizaje, pero los resultados del criterio de competencia lingüística no cumplieron las expectativas a un nivel aceptable. Una investigación que examina más a fondo las cuestiones planteadas es necesario para determinar si el modelo de curricular de inglés basado en un enfoque de derechos humanos, facilitará el desarrollo de las competencias lingüísticas de los estudiantes de la Universidad Estatal Amazónica a los niveles requeridos.
Pengaruh Pemberian Susu Formula Dengan Karies Pada Anak Usia Prasekolah
Authors: Afiat Miftahul , Pariati Pariati , Alimuddin Hadijah
Published: May 2023

Background: Formula milk is milk produced by the industry for the purpose of proper nutritional intake and can be accepted by the child's body system. Dental caries is an infectious disease that can damage the hard tissue structure of the teeth, which includes enamel, dentine and cementum, caused by the activity of microorganisms in fermenting carbohydrates. Research Objectives: To determine the effect of formula feeding on caries in preschool-aged children. Research Methods: Literature study, where the literature study method is one of the techniques for listing theoretical references come from textbooks, journals, scientific articles, literature review which contains the effect of formula feeding on caries in preschool-aged children. Conclution: Consumption of formula milk has an effect on dental caries in preschool children. Carbohydrate content such as sucrose and lactose can cause dental caries and if you consume formula milk too often, the severity of dental caries will be higher.
Analisis Beban Kerja Dengan Kinerja Perawat Dalam Pelaksanaan Asuhan Keperawatan
Authors: Anto Sardi , Andi Latif Sarifudin , Pannyiwi Rahmat , Ratu Milda , Werdyaningsih Endang
Published: May 2023

Dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan melambangkan kepingan dari aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh seorang perawat setelah mengasihkan asuhan keperawatan untuk klien. Dokumentasi dalam keperawatan merupakan bagian penting dari aksi yang dilakukan perawat setelah mengasihkan tindakan didikan keperawatan. Pencatatan yang dilakukan mengandung laporan yang diperlukan bakal memutuskan pengkajian, diagnosis, menyusun rencana keperawatan, melaksanakan lalu mengevaluasi aktivitas keperawatan, yang telah dirancang dengan terstruktur, valid beserta sanggup dipertanggung jawabkan baik salaku moral maupun secara hukum. Tujuan Penelitian adalah hubungan beban kerja dengan kinerja perawat dalam pelaksanaan asuhan Keseperawatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini bertempat Ruang perawatan RSUD Kota Makasar pada tahun 2022. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Perawat yang bertugas di Ruang perawatan RSUD Kota Makasar dan sampel peneitian adalah 35 Perawat dengan menggunakan Teknik Total Sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis Univariat dan Bivariat Menggunakan uji statistik dengan tingkat kemaknaan α =0,05. uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi-square menggunakan komputer program SPSS versi 25.0 for windows.

Hasil Penelitian mengunakan uji Statistik Chi-square menggunakan SPSS tentang hubungan beban kerja dengan kinerja pelaksanaan dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan di ruang perawatan RSUD Kota Makassar diperoleh nilai p-value = 0.001 atau lebih kecil dari a = 0.05, maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima yang artinya terdapat hubungan beban kerja dengan pelaksanaan dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan.
Effectiveness of Some Herbicides and Herbicide Combinations Applied to Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Culture
Authors: Cojocaru Jeni Madalina , Marin Doru Ioan
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this work is to establish the effectiveness of herbicides or combinations of herbicides under the influence of different climatic conditions in the study years (2019-2021). In this regard, ARDS Teleorman has established an experiment with the application of herbicides and combinations of herbicides, applied in different doses, in different application periods, placed according to the method of randomized blocks in three repetitions, on a chernozem cambic soil with clay content over 42%. The Burnas variety, a chickpea variety created by ARDS Teleorman, was used. Based on the frequency, the following specific problems were identified: Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria spp., Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Solanum nigrum, Hibiscus trionum, Polygonum convolvulus, Sinapis arvensis, Stellaria media, Veronica spp., Xitalicum Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Sonchus arvensis. On average, over the three years of experimentation, the combination of herbicides applied to the V8 variant [312.5 g/l S-metolaclor; 87.5 g/l terbutilazin applied in a dose of 4.0 l/ha in pre-emergence + isoxaflutol 240 g/l Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l applied in a dose of 0.3 l/ha in pre-emergence] 98%, variant V5 [960 g/l S-metolaclor isoxaflutol 240 g/l applied in a dose of 1.2 l/ha in pre-emergence + isoxaflutol 240 g/l Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l in a dose of 0.2 l/ha in pre-emergence] 96.4% and in variant V3 [50g/l quizalofop-p-ethyl at a dose of 1.2 l/ha post-emergence + isoxaflutol 240 g/l Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l at a dose of 0.15 l/ ha post-emergence] 96%. Of all the tested variants, the variant with the application of 312.5 g/l S-metolaclo; 187.5 g/l terbutilazin herbicides (4.0 l/ha) + isoxaflutol 240 g/l; Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l (0.3 l/ha) in pre-emergence, with a high level of production, which does not allow its recommendation in weed control in chickpeas.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MENERAPKAN MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING LEARNING BERBANTUAN LKPD MATERI RELASI DAN FUNGSI
Authors: Baihaqy Alif Rizky , Wulandari Enika
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar matematika materi relasi dan fungsi melalui model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik pada siswa kelas VIII F MTs Negeri 5 Boyolali tahun pelajaran 2022/2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII F MTs Negeri 5 Boyolali yang berjumlah 33 siswa dengan rincian 17 siswa laki-laki dan 16 siswa perempuan. PTK ini terdiri dari 2 siklus dimana setiap siklusnya merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, lembar observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan peneliti adalah membandingkan pencapaian nilai dengan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) dan ditandai dengan peningkatan Kriteria Ketuntasan Klasikal pada setiap siklusnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran contextual teaching and learning berbantuan lembar kerja peserta didik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII F MTs Negeri 5 Boyolali materi relasi dan fungsi. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dapat dilihat dari hasil Penelitian Tindakan Kelas pada siklus I yang mencapai KKM sebanyak 20 siswa dari 33 siswa atau 61% dari 100% dengan rata-rata 78,0. Sementara pada siklus II terdapat sebanyak 29 siswa atau 88% yang tuntas dari KKM dan 4 siswa atau 12% yang tidak tuntas dari KKM dengan nilai rata-rata siswa 85,3. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka siklus dapat diberhentikan karena sudah memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan klasikal yaitu  85%.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR FIQIH MATERI JUAL BELI DENGAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN DAN BRAINSTORMING PADA SISWA KELAS IX A MTS DARUL FALAH PRINGSURAT KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG
Authors: Muawanah Nilna , Achmad Syaefudin
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan metode Bermain Peran dan Brainstorming dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Fiqih materi jual beli pada siswa kelas IX A MTs Darul Falah Pringsurat Kabupaten Temanggung Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX A MTs Darul Falah Pringsurat Kabupaten Temanggung yang terdiri dari 30 siswa yaitu 12 laki-laki dan 18 perempuan. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari 2 siklus yang setiap siklusnya merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini menggunakan metodoe pengumpulan data berupa tes tertulis, lembar observasi, dan dokumentasi. Anlisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara skor nilai setiap siklus dengan KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) yang telah ditetapkan yaitu 70 (sesuai dengan KKM yang diberlakukan di MTs Darul Falah Pringsurat) sekaligus ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan Kriteria Ketuntasan Klasikal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode bermain peran dan brainstorming dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Fiqih materi jual beli pada siswa kelas IX A MTs Darul Falah Pringsurat Kabupaten Temanggung tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil pra siklus sebelum menerapkan metode bermain peran dan brainstorming hanya 14 siswa atau (46,7%) yang memenuhi Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM), sedangkan yang belum tuntas sebanyak 16 siswa (53,3%). Selanjutnya  pada siklus I terdapat 23 (76%) siswa yang memenuhi  Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) dan 9 siswa (24%) belum memenuhi KKM. Pada siklus II ada 28 siswa (93%) yang memenuhi KKM dan 2 siswa (7%) yang belum memenuhi KKM. Oleh karena itu, penelitian tindakan kelas ini dinyatakan berhasil karena telah mencapai batas keberhasilan klasikal sebesar 85%.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PROFESIONALISME GURU DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROSES PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI LESSON STUDY PADA SD NEGERI 04 MURYOLOBO JEPARA
Authors: Sugiman Sugiman , Marom Saiful
Published: May 2023

Salah satu wujud dalam menjaga tingkat keprofesinalan para pendidik dalam proses pembelajaran adalah menyediakan perangkat pembelajaran yang lengkap serta dapat melaksanakan proses pembelajaran sesuai dengan perangkat yang telag dibuat. Dalam melakasanakan proses pembelajaran di SD Negeri 04 Muryolobo Kecamatan Nalumsari Kabupaten Jepara masih banyak para pendidik yang belum memiliki kelengkapan perangkat pembelajaran. Diantara 8 pengajar di lingkungan SD Negeri 04 Muryolobo baru ada pendidik sebanyak 3 orang yang memiliki kelengkapan perangkat pembelajaran atau sekitar 37,5 % pendidik yang memiliki kelengkapan perangkat pembelajaran. Dari hasil data yang telah dipaparkan sebelumnya untuk dapat meningkatkan profesionalisme dari pendidik dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran dilakukan kegiatan lesson study dengan subyeknya adalah para pendidik di lingkungan SD Negeri 04 Muryolobo Jepara dengan melalui 3 siklus yang ternyata mempunyai dampak banyaknya pendidik yang memiliki perangkat pembelajaran secara lengkap cukup memuaskan. Melalui kegiatan lesson study ini terjadi peningkatan dalam kepemilikan perangkat pembelajaran yakni pada siklus I ada sebanyak 3 pendidik diantara 9 pendidik yang mempunyai perangkat pembelajaran dan selanjutnya pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan menjadi 5 orang pendidik yang mempunai kelengkapan perangkat pembelajaran dan pada akhirnya siklus III ada sebanyak 7 pendidik diantara 9 pendidik yang mempunyai perangkat pembelajara sehingga pada kegiatan lesson study ini terjadi peningkatan dalam kepemilikan kelengkapan dokumen pembelajaran.
A Time To Event Framework For Multi-touch Attribution
Authors: Shender Dinah , Nasiri Amini Ali , Bao Xinlong , Dikmen Mert , Wang Jing , Richardson Fricke Amy
Published: May 2023

Multi-touch attribution (MTA) estimates the relative contributions of the multiple ads a user may see prior to any observed conversions. Increasingly, advertisers also want to base budget and bidding decisions on these attributions, spending more on ads that drive more conversions. We describe two requirements for an MTA system to be suitable for this application: First, it must be able to handle continuously updated and incomplete data. Second, it must be sufficiently flexible to capture that an ad’s effect will change over time. We describe an MTA system, consisting of a model for user conversion behavior and a credit assignment algorithm, that satisfies these requirements. Our model for user conversion behavior treats conversions as occurrences in an inhomogeneous Poisson process, while our attribution algorithm is based on iteratively removing the last ad in the path.
Rural Elementary Teachers’ Opinions, Concerns, and Perceptions Toward Social Media
Authors: Hensley Matt , Waters Stewart , Russell William B.
Published: May 2023

The use of social media continues to grow in presence and influence throughout society. Inevitably, the role of social media in schools has become an increasingly important field of research. This quantitative study analyzes survey data collected from rural elementary school teachers
at a large school district in the Southeastern United States about their attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of social media use in the elementary classroom. Findings indicated that years of teaching experience was not a significant factor in perceptions of social media use in the classroom,
and the data indicated that the participants had a nuanced understanding of the benefits and barriers of social media use in elementary schools.
School Administrators’ Engagement in the Reintegration Process in Selected Secondary High Schools in Jamaica
Authors: Der Rowe Van , Chevannes Danielle
Published: May 2023

The study sought to examine school administrators’ engagement in the reintegration of students in schools during the pandemic era. The study was conducted using a multiple case study design that used an open-ended survey design to collect data from the selected school administrators.
A total of eight participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The results of the study found that several challenges such as disruptions, indiscipline, fights, abnormal behaviors, and inadequate support structures all affected the reintegration process of students during
the COVID-19 pandemic era.
O sistema de franquias no mercado brasileiro: administração, organização e empreendedorismo e o significativo fortalecimento do sistema de franchising no período pós pandêmico
Authors: Fita Rachel da Silva , Pereira Licurgo Carvalho , Lopes Gabriel César Dias , Lopes Pollyanna Carvalho Pereira
Published: May 2023

A emergência dos sistemas de franquia nos países em desenvolvimento nos últimos anos tem chamado a atenção dos estudiosos em administração tendo em vista o alto custo de financiamento no mercado brasileiro aliado ao baixo risco que o sistema de franquia representa principalmente quando a marca de referência no mercado oferece suporte ao franqueado para gerir o negócio. É certo que dados estatísticos apontam por uma baixa taxa de mortalidade das empresas franqueadas comparadas às não franqueadas, todavia, esse processo necessita que o franqueado tenha um mínimo de conhecimento de administração e gestão para que o sucesso do empreendimento seja consolidado. A não capacitação em gestão do franqueado somado às oscilações do mercado pode trazer consequências desastrosas para o que seria uma promessa de empreendedorismo e sucesso. Nesse contexto, este artigo discute os motivos que possibilitaram o desenvolvimento do setor no pós-período pandêmico, ressaltando as condições além das econômicas, as sociais e culturais que proporcionaram o mesmo.
ВСЕЛЕННАЯ ОТ «БОЛЬШОГО ВЗРЫВА» ДО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ГАЛАКТИК, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Постнов К.А. , Сильченко О.К.
Published: May 2023

Ничто так не возбуждает воображение человека, как мысли о космосе – нашей Вселенной, ее прошлом, настоящем и даже будущем. С начала XXI века впечатляющие успехи астрономии – как теоретической, так и наблюдательной – отмечены уже пятью Нобелевскими премиями по физике (2002, 2006, 2011, 2017, 2020). В 2022 году начал работать космический телескоп им. Уэбба, одной из основных научных задач которого является наблюдение первых звезд и галактик во Вселенной. В первой части статьи мы кратко резюмируем современные знания об эволюции ранней Вселенной до эпохи образования в ней наблюдаемых крупномасштабных структур. Во второй части, основываясь на результатах многоволновых астрономических наблюдений, рассказываем об образовании и эволюции галактик – гигантских звездных островов, являющихся основным элементом крупномасштабной структуры Вселенной.
КТО ВСЕ-ТАКИ ПРИДУМАЛ СРЕДНИЕ ВЕКА?, "Средние века"
Authors: Юсим М.А.
Published: May 2023

Хорошо известно, что трехчастной периодизацией мировой (и прежде всего европейской истории) – Античность, Средние века, Новое время – мы обязаны итальянским гуманистам, но установить, когда именно и кто ее изобрел, кто впервые употребил понятие Средние века, или Средний век (medium tempus), в точности не удается. Очевидно, это связано и с условностью периодизаций вообще, и с отсутствием в эпоху Ренессанса потребности в научной строгости в отношении исторических периодизаций, трехчастная же схема возникла в целом спонтанно и уточнялась постепенно. Один из моментов в ее развитии вытекает из правила культурной преемственности и характерной для Возрождения литературной переклички эпох. В статье показано, что образ «Темных веков», присутствующий у родоначальника ренессансного гуманизма Франческо Петрарки, восходит к Античности и к любимому автору итальянского поэта Цицерону. Мысль о культурно-историческом колорите эпох и об отношении к нему живущих обыгрывается на этом же материале в знаменитом стихотворении Ф.И. Тютчева «Цицерон» («Блажен кто посетил сей мир…»).
МАТЕРИАЛИЗАЦИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ И НЕНАГЛЯДНАЯ НАУКА, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Ваганов А.
Published: May 2023

Галисон П. Часы Эйнштейна, карты Пуанкаре: империя времени / пер. с англ. под науч. Ред. А.Л. Фомина. – М.: ИД Высшей школы экономики, 2022. – 456 с. – (Социальная история). Фрумкин К.Г. Любование ученым сословием: Отражение социальной истории советской науки в литературе, искусстве и публичной риторике. – М.; СПб.: Нестор-История, 2022. – 352 с.: ил.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices of Homemakers on Food Hygiene at Dhemaji District of Assam, India
Authors: Konch Kalyani , Sarmah Juliana
Published: May 2023

A comparative study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practices among homemakers on food hygiene at Dhemaji District of Assam. The objectives of the study were to find out correlation between knowledge and practices of food hygiene among homemakers and to compare knowledge and practices of food hygiene practices among homemakers. In this research study descriptive research design was used.  The sample selected for the present study was homemakers who have at least one refrigerator in her household. The sample size for the study was 120, out of which 60 from rural area, and 60 were from urban area were selected by simple sampling technique. The data was collected by using structured interview schedule developed by the researcher. The data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by both descriptive statistics on the basis of the objectives and hypothesis of the study. The study findings suggest that the knowledge is better in urban respondents than rural respondents & urban respondents are better in practices than rural respondents regarding food hygiene practices. The study was concluded that the there was highly positive significant relationship the knowledge of urban respondents and their practice on food hygiene.
Constraints and Suggestions towards Supply Chain Management of Arize 6444 in Patna District of Bihar, India
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Zechariah Jayant , Barker Nitin
Published: May 2023

The study conducted in Patna district of Bihar State has investigated the supply chain of Arize 6444 seed based on the data collected in the field survey from 100 respondents. The study has used Henry Garrett’s test for analysis. The study focused on the different constraints involved in the marketing of Arize 6444. The study has revealed that factors such as price, availability, certification problems, transportation, quality problems, competitors, communication gaps, and communication gaps hold a 1 to 7 ranking, respectively. This indicates that price is a major concern that should be considered first. It is also suggested that promotional activities like demonstrations, farmer meetings, and company co-official field visits be done at regular intervals to overcome the constraints.
Effect of Chitosan on Storage Behaviour of Sapota Manilkara achras (Mill) fosberg cv. ‘Kalipatti’
Authors: Saste M. M. , Kadam J. H. , Relekar P. P.
Published: May 2023

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of chitosan treatments on the storage behaviour of sapota Manilkara achras (Mill) fosberg cv. Kalipatti is stored at ambient temperature. The climacteric rise in sapota fruits shortens the postharvest life and degrades the quality of the fruits. A polysaccharide like a chitosan has been used as an edible coating to extend the storage life of sapota fruits, which is an innovative approach for fruit preservation and sustainable development. Chitosan-based coatings have tremendous potential in several fruits to extend the shelf-life. An investigation was carried out to know the effectiveness of post-harvest treatments with edible coatings (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% chitosan) compared with the control. 1% chitosan coating resulted in maximum fruits (more than 75%) having a shelf life of 7 days under ambient condition which was at par with 1.5% chitosan coating. Chitosan coating reduced the physiological losses in weight as compared to the uncoated fruits. The maximum retention of physical parameters such as fruit firmness, specific gravity, colour L*, a* and b* values as well as slow ripening and less spoilage behaviour was observed in chitosan-coated sapota fruits.
Inteligência Artificial e Direitos Autorais: um mapeamento da produção científica
Authors: Valente Catherine , Sartori Rejane , Marin João Paulo
Published: May 2023

As questões que envolvem o estudo de Direitos Autorais e Inteligência Artificial despertam acalorados debates e pouco consenso. Contudo, inafastável o aprofundamento de tal estudo para tentar regular a rápida evolução da sociedade informacional. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é mapear a produção científica sobre Inteligência Artificial e Direitos Autorais, a fim de compor um portfólio bibliográfico consistente que permita estabelecer uma revisão da literatura aprofundada sobre o tema no futuro. Este estudo é de natureza descritiva e exploratória. O procedimento técnico utilizado é a pesquisa bibliográfica, instrumentalizada pelo Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist (ProKnow-C). Os resultados revelam que os artigos selecionados para compor o portfólio bibliográfico desta pesquisa se apresentam como um bom parâmetro do estado da arte, bem como demonstram a relevância do tema a nível mundial. O estudo proporciona a continuidade da pesquisa no futuro por meio de uma análise tanto qualitativa quanto quantitativa.
Assessment of Parafoveal Diabetic Macular Ischemia on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Images to Predict Diabetic Retinal Disease Progression and Visual Acuity Deterioration
Authors: Yang Dawei , Tang Ziqi , Ran Anran , Nguyen Truong X. , Szeto Simon , Chan Jason , Wong Cherie Y. K. , Hui Vivian , Tsang Ken , Chan Carmen K. M. , Tham Clement C. , Sivaprasad Sobha , Lai Timothy Y. Y. , Cheung Carol Y.
Published: May 2023

Importance

The presence of diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images predicts diabetic retinal disease progression and visual acuity (VA) deterioration, suggesting an OCTA-based DMI evaluation can further enhance diabetic retinopathy (DR) management.

Objective

To investigate whether an automated binary DMI algorithm using OCTA images provides prognostic value on DR progression, diabetic macular edema (DME) development, and VA deterioration in a cohort of patients with diabetes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, DMI assessment of superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus OCTA images was performed by a previously developed deep learning algorithm. The presence of DMI was defined as images exhibiting disruption of fovea avascular zone with or without additional areas of capillary loss, while absence of DMI was defined as images presented with intact fovea avascular zone outline and normal distribution of vasculature. Patients with diabetes were recruited starting in July 2015 and were followed up for at least 4 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of the presence of DMI with DR progression, DME development, and VA deterioration. Analysis took place between June and December 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

DR progression, DME development, and VA deterioration.

Results

A total of 321 eyes from 178 patients were included for analysis (85 [47.75%] female; mean [SD] age, 63.39 [11.04] years). Over a median (IQR) follow-up of 50.41 (48.16-56.48) months, 105 eyes (32.71%) had DR progression, 33 eyes (10.28%) developed DME, and 68 eyes (21.18%) had VA deterioration. Presence of superficial capillary plexus–DMI (hazard ratio [HR], 2.69; 95% CI, 1.64-4.43; P < .001) and deep capillary plexus–DMI (HR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.94-5.30; P < .001) at baseline were significantly associated with DR progression, whereas presence of deep capillary plexus–DMI was also associated with DME development (HR, 4.60; 95% CI, 1.15-8.20; P = .003) and VA deterioration (HR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.01-5.22; P = .04) after adjusting for age, duration of diabetes, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, mean arterial blood pressure, DR severity, ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness, axial length, and smoking at baseline.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, the presence of DMI on OCTA images demonstrates prognostic value for DR progression, DME development, and VA deterioration.
Effects of emotional decorative pictures on cognitive load as assessed by pupil dilation and EEG frequency band power
Authors: Scharinger Christian
Published: May 2023

The present study examined the effects of decorative pictures (DP) on cognitive load during learning factual knowledge from texts assessed by physiological proxies, namely pupil dilation and the electroencephalogram (EEG) theta (4–6 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) frequency band power at frontal and parietal electrodes, respectively. In a complete within‐subjects design the presence of DP positioned beside learning texts and the emotional content of the DP (i.e., negative, neutral, and positive DP) were manipulated. For DP present, pupil dilation and the EEG alpha frequency band power indicated increased cognitive load, specifically for negative DP. Behavioral performance measures (i.e., learning times and learning outcomes) were not affected by the presence of DP. Subjective effort ratings were also not affected by DP, although specifically the negative DP were subjectively perceived as distracting. In sum, DP only moderately affected cognitive load allowing subjects to compensate.
Effects of Prestrain and Baking on the Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Fe–0.1C–5Mn Transformation‐Induced Plasticity Steel
Authors: Zhang Mei , Zhang Bendao , Chen Yangfei , Xu Qing , Tian Yibo , Yan Zijie , Liu Jin , Dong Han
Published: May 2023

This study aims to investigate the effects of uniaxial tensile prestrain (PS) and bake hardening (BH) on tensile and force‐controlled (R = 0.1) high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of Fe–0.1C–5Mn medium Mn transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. Stress‐life data of the as‐received (AR: 0% prestrain) and 10%, 15%, and 20% prestrained (PS10, PS15, PS20) samples have been generated under both baked and unbaked conditions. It is manifested that prestraining increases the HCF life of the steel. The addition of BH further increases the HCF life. The fatigue limit is greatly improved from 433 MPa (AR) to 532 MPa (BH20), and the maximum incremental value is as great as 99 MPa. It is attributed to the austenite to martensite transformation (progressive TRIP effect) that occurs during the prestraining and cyclic loading processes.
Ceramic Foams with Controlled Geometries Through 3D‐Printed Sacrificial Templates
Authors: Persembe Elif , Parra-Cabrera Cesar , Ameloot Rob
Published: May 2023

Powder‐based 3D printing was combined with sacrificial templating to realize highly porous yttria‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) ceramic foam objects with well‐defined geometries. The porous sacrificial template is 3D printed using poly(methyl methacrylate) powder. Various methods are evaluated to optimize ceramic slurry infiltration into the 3D‐printed template and subsequent burn‐out. The optimized method yields ceramic foam objects with an open porosity of >66% and replicates the geometry of the 3D‐printed template with high fidelity.
Atomistic Understanding of the Competition between Dislocation and Twinning in Silver under Nanoindentation
Authors: Lin Yuan-Ting , Hsiao Shih-Chieh , Chang I-Ling , Kuo Jui-Chao
Published: May 2023

In this study, the competition mechanisms between dislocation slip and twinning in silver with a low stacking fault energy using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation from an atomistic point of view are reported. Herein, three crystallographic surface orientations of , , and are considered and compared. The indentation stress–strain curves are successfully obtained from the load–displacement curves of nanoindentation. The stress of , , and orientations drops at the strains of 0.140, 0.133, and 0.136, which corresponds to the yield stress of 3.83, 4.33, and 4.99 GPa, respectively. Dislocation slip and twinning simultaneously form in silver as indicated by the total potential energy of the system. Furthermore, the typical four‐, two‐, and sixfold symmetries of the out‐of‐plane displacement as in copper are not observed for , , and orientations in silver. Hence, this observation can be supported by the simultaneous occurrence of dislocation slip and twinning in silver.
Effect of Holding Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar γ'‐Strengthened Superalloys TLP Joint
Authors: Yang Yikai , Ding Jian , Wang Yujiang , Zhao Yingli , Feng Haomin , Li Sufang , Guo Rui , Tang Ying , Chen Wen , Li Ri , Chen Linjun , Dong Ji , Xia Xingchuan
Published: May 2023

To achieve efficient connectivity of dissimilar γ'‐strengthened superalloy, transient liquid‐phase (TLP) diffusion bonding of 718Plus and Ni3Al‐based superalloys is carried out using BNi‐2 interlayer at a constant temperature of 1100 °C with holding times of 3, 15, 30, and 60 min. It is shown in the results that when the holding time is insufficient, isothermal solidification transforms into athermal solidification. Due to the enrichment of B and Cr elements in liquid phase, ternary eutectic consisting of γ, Ni3B, and CrB is formed at the joint center. Ternary eutectic with higher hardness (≈600 Hv) is poorly bonded to the matrix, which can easily become crack initiation location and significantly deteriorated the tensile properties. In addition, microhardness of the joint becomes more uniform and tensile strength gradually increases due to the reduction of eutectic with holding time increasing. Isothermal solidification completes and a joint without eutectic structure is formed at 1100 °C for 60 min. Diffusion of Al atoms leads to the formation of γ' with gradient size and tensile strength is comparable to that of base metal which is about 690.93 MPa.
In Search of Covalent Organic Framework Photocatalysts: A DFT‐Based Screening Approach
Authors: Mourino Beatriz , Jablonka Kevin Maik , Ortega‐Guerrero Andres , Smit Berend
Published: May 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) stand out as prospective organic‐based photocatalysts given their intriguing optoelectronic properties, such as visible light absorption and high charge‐carrier mobility. The “Clean, Uniform, Refined with Automatic Tracking from Experimental Database” (CURATED) COFs is a database of reported experimental COFs that until now remained mostly unexplored for photocatalysis. In this study, the CURATED COFs database is screened for discovering potential photocatalysts using a set of DFT‐based descriptors that cost‐effectively assesses visible light absorption, preliminary thermodynamic feasibility of the desired pair of redox reactions, charge separation, and charge‐carrier mobility. The workflow can shortlist 13 COFs as prospective candidates for water splitting, and identify materials (Nx‐COF (x = 0–3)) that have been reported as candidates for hydrogen evolution reaction. Overall, the strategy addresses the challenge of exploring a large number of COFs by directing future research toward a selective group of COFs, while providing valuable insights into the structural design for achieving a desired photocatalytic process.
Boosting the Development of Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Strategies to Optimize the Initial Coulombic Efficiency
Authors: Yang Yunrui , Wu Chun , He Xiang‐Xi , Zhao Jiahua , Yang Zhuo , Li Lin , Wu Xingqiao , Li Li , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: May 2023

Given the merits of affordable cost, superior low‐temperature performance, and advanced safe properties, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have exhibited great development potential in large scale energy storage applications. Among various emerging carbonaceous anode materials applied for SIBs, hard carbon (HC) has recently gained significant attention regarding their relatively low cost, wide availability, and optimal overall performance. However, the insufficient initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of HC is the main bottlenecks, which is inevitably hindering their further commercial applications. Herein, an in‐depth holistic exposition about the reasons causing the unsatisfied ICE and the recent advances on effective improvement strategies are comprehensively summarized in this review, which have been divided into two aspects including the intrinsic property (degree of graphitization, pore structure, defect, et al.) and the extrinsic factor (electrolyte, electrode materials, et al.). In addition, future prospects and perspectives on HC to enable practical application in SIBs are also briefly outlined.
Soft Electromagnetic Artificial Muscles Using High‐Density Liquid‐Metal Solenoid Coils and Bistable Stretchable Magnetic Housings
Authors: Shin Gyowook , Choi YeongJin , Jeon ByungJun , Choi Inrak , Song Sukho , Park Yong‐Lae
Published: May 2023

Soft electromagnetic artificial muscles (SEAMs) that use electric currents are reported as their power sources. The proposed actuator consists of fully soft components: microfluidic coils, stretchable magnets, ferromagnetic silicone, and stretchable housings. The soft coils are fabricated by directly printing room‐temperature liquid metal on a stretchable substrate, enabling the generation of high‐density electromagnetic fields. Based on design optimization through modeling and simulation, the proposed actuators have a characteristic of bistability following the relationships of the forces acting on the components. Depending on the design configurations, the proposed actuators generate contraction and expansion motions as well as vibrations in a bidirectional manner, enabled by electromagnetic actuation. The main advantages of the proposed actuators are fully compliant structures, compact form factors, and short response times, which have not been observed in existing polymer‐based artificial muscles. Another advantage is the self‐detection of the actuation states by measuring the inductance change in the coils. Last, the modular design fully packaged with a coil and magnets in a soft housing makes it possible to easily resize and reconfigure the robotic systems with multiple actuator modules for different applications. Examples of applications demonstrated are a modular crawling robot, energy‐efficient grippers, a multi‐degrees of freedom (DOF) soft manipulator, and a high‐frequency swimming robot.
Nickel Metal‐Organic Framework/PVDF Composite Nanofibers‐based Self‐Powered Wireless Sensor for Pulse Monitoring of Underwater Divers via Triboelectrically Generated Maxwell's Displacement Current
Authors: Das Nishat Kumar , Ravipati Manaswini , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: May 2023

With the increasing need for underwater exploration to monitor environment, collect data or recreation, underwater diving and its associated technologies have drawn significant attention. So, a single‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (STENG) as self‐powered wireless sensor based on Maxwell displacement current concept for underwater usages to monitor arterial pulse and body movements of diver is demonstrated. The STENG is fabricated with an optimized 7.5 wt.% of hydrothermally synthesized Ni‐MOF and PVDF based composite nanofibers (Ni‐MOF/PVDF CNF) on copper foil as electronegative tribo‐material and electrospun nylon 66 nanofibers as electropositive tribo‐material. The PDMS encapsulation of STENG exhibits water‐proof properties with Voc, Isc, and charge output at 45 V, 0.77 µA, and 0.169 µC/cycle, respectively under single‐finger tapping. As pulse sensor, STENG monitors arterial pulse and wirelessly transmits information underwater (without external power), wherein STENG generated current creates polarized field in water to get transmitted within a certain distance. Additionally, STENG is demonstrated as a strain sensor to monitor joint movements like ‘elbow, shoulder, knee, etc. Detailed reliability studies reveal that the device is robust against multiple cycles of bending, retains its performance in saline/muddy water, and in the presence of obstacles in the transmission path, which confirms its potential in real life conditions for pulse monitoring of underwater divers.