bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research, Hsueh Li-Min
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to empirically test whether house price increases are an important factor in a household’s savings decisions and whether housing tenure choice and savings behavior are inter-correlated in Taiwan. Heckman's two-stage procedure for correcting sample selection bias is used in the estimation of savings function for homeowners and renters. Household survey data from 1985, 1989 and 1993 are used to compare households' saving behavior at different times. The empirical results show that in some cases the coefficients of the two different definitions of house price increases have opposite signs. These differences may be the result of different behavior motives. House price increases with respect to the price of the house itself seem to cause concern among households about future housing prices; hence, increase their savings ratio. House price increases with respect to income, however, seem to cause a wealth effect and then decreased savings ratio. Considering the complexity of households' reaction, the overall effect of house price changes on the aggregate savings ratio becomes impossible to determine.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Tsukuba, Tiwari Piyush
Published: September 2021

Housing policy formulation should be informed by a careful understanding of the behaviour of the housing market, as reflected by housing demand. Such basic information is important, not only for improved project design but also for the development of better sector-wide policies. Housing is a complex outcome of cultural, economic and regulatory environment. Consistent estimates of price and income elasticity of housing demand are prerequisites for effective policy design. Results, from earlier studies on Japanese housing markets, are inconclusive and the estimates of price and income elasticity of housing demand vary over a wide range. It may be argued that measuring the volume of housing services as housing expenditure, as is done in previous research, essentially ignores the heterogeneity, and for large number of policy purposes like impact of tax on tenure choice, choice between owning and renting etc., the distribution of housing consumption into qualitatively different categories is of more interest than an aggregate qualitative measure of housing expenditure alone. This paper analyzes the demand for housing in Tokyo using a discrete choice model. Three dimensions of choice, tenure, dwelling size (as number of rooms) and structure type (as type of unit) determine demand for housing which are modeled simultaneously. The income elasticity of market share of ownership house is positive and ranges between 0.16 to 0.34. However, income elasticity for rental houses is negative ranging between -0.17 to -0.57. The own price elasticities vary over a large range from -0.03 to -5.1 with smaller in magnitude for ownership houses and larger for rental houses.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   California State University, Lai Tsong-Yue , Mak Hin Man ,   Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Wang Ko ,   Chinese University of Hong Kong
Published: September 2021

Asset pricing models have been used extensively in the recent real estate literature to evaluate real estate performance and estimate required rates of return of properties. In this paper, we show that the CAPM and its variants will derive a biased result when short sales are not allowed in the market. This problem is particularly serious for Asian property markets where investors are not able to short sell real estate indexes as a substitute for short selling real properties. We also demonstrate that the bias resulting from the short-sale constraint is related to the supply-and-demand conditions in the local market.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Tsukuba, Tiwari Piyush
Published: September 2021

Housing mortgage finance in India is constrained by the maximum loan-to-cost ratio and installment income ratio conditions imposed by housing finance companies. The typical reason for this behaviour is that the market for the sharing of risk in mortgage lending is not yet fully developed. Mortgage insurance plays an important role in developing this market. The objective of this paper is to present a case for mortgage insurance market in India. This paper develops a mortgage premium structure framework in which mortgage insurers charge an insurance premium that equates losses to revenue. This paper also models mortgage termination due to prepayment and defaults. We contend that the termination of mortgage in housing is not as 'ruthless' as OPM theory would suggest, primarily because households are not financiers in the 'stricter sense' We have used the Cox proportional hazard model to analyze prepayment and default of mortgage behaviour in India. The results indicate that financial concerns (like the option price, loan to value ratio, and monthly principal and interest to income ratio) are important determinants besides household characteristics. The cumulative prepayment or default probabilities from these models are used in the estimation of the insurance premium structure.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Hsuan Chuang University, Hua Ching-Chun , Chang Chin-Oh ,   National Chengchi University, Hsieh Chengho ,   Louisiana State University
Published: September 2021

In Taiwan, the housing market can be separated into the existing housing market and the pre-sales market. The existing market can be regarded as the stock market, and the pre-sales market the flow market. However, some unique characteristics exist in the Taiwan market. Based on these characteristics, we modified the conventional housing stock-flow model to describe the price -volume relationship between the existing and pre-sales markets. Empirical models are constructed to test the relationship. Major findings are: 1) both the pre-sales price and the existing price converge to the long-run equilibrium; however, the pre-sales price adjusts faster than the existing price, implying that the existence of the pre-sales system improves market efficiency; and 2) housing supply from the pre-sales market responds to the housing market surpluses/shortages.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   California State University, Stohs Mark Hoven , Childs Paul ,   University of Kentucky, Stevenson Simon ,   University College Dublin
Published: September 2021

Governmental tax policies have direct consequences for public spending and the distribution of wealth among a country’s population. But unintended consequences may also occur as a result of the design of those policies. We illustrate the potential impact of such unintended consequences by analyzing differences in home ownership mobility in California, Illinois, and Massachusetts that appear to result from the distinct differences in the design of real estate tax polices across these states. California’s Proposition 13, which became law in 1978, limits the increase in real estate taxes to a maximum of 2% in any given year regardless of home value appreciation. With home value appreciation, Proposition 13 creates sizeable disincentives to move. The evidence from an analysis of single family home sales records in California, Illinois, and Massachusetts indicates that California’s homeowners are significantly less mobile than their counterparts in Illinois and Massachusetts. The lower mobility was clearly not intended by the passage of Proposition 13, though its impact on society is potentially very significant. We recommend that countries in the process of developing tax systems for residential real estate ownership (such as China, the countries of the former USSR, and many countries in Africa) take account of such originally unintended consequences.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Georgia State University, Gibler Karen M. , Lee Euehun ,   Sejong University
Published: September 2021

Traditionally, aging Koreans would live with their eldest son’s family. However, urbanization, economic expansion, and changing demographics are contributing to South Koreans considering alternative living arrangements. One possibility is the development of seniors housing, available only on a very limited basis today. This analysis indicates that a number of aging Koreans are interested in independent living, and many will soon have the economic resources to create demand for this type of housing. However, government policies would have to change for this product type to be developed successfully on a large scale.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   National University of Singapore, Sing Tien Foo
Published: September 2021

This study examines economic and market factors that drive the demand, supply, and pricing of condominiums in Singapore using a 2-stage least squares regression methodology. This empirical study covers a sample period of 12 years from 1988 to 2000. The condominium housing demand model showed that GDP growth and the inflation rate had positive relationships with condominium demand one quarter ahead. However, demand for condominiums was negatively related to one-quarter lagged stock price change, two-quarter lagged condominium housing price change, lagged demand in the previous two quarters, and one-quarter lagged household formation. On the supply side, changes in last-quarter condominium housing stock, condominium commencement, the prime lending rate, and current and lagged-quarter labor costs would adversely affect developers?decisions to commence new condominium projects. In the condominium price model, the dummy variable used to test the effects of the government’s anti-speculation policies in May 1996, which increased the supply of residential lands and restricted the loan quantum to a limit of 80% of the housing price, was significant and positive. It implied that the policies were effective in dampening condominium prices by 0.32% per quarter for two consecutive quarters in 4Q1996 and 1Q1997.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research, Hsueh Li-Min , Li Chung-Wen ,   Chung-Hua Institution for Economic, Tseng Hsi-Peng ,   National Taipei University
Published: September 2021

This study sets out to empirically examine the interrelationship existing between the labor market, the housing market and domestic interregional migration in Taiwan, with four of the most urbanized population receiving areas, Taipei City, Taipei County, Taichung City and Kaohsiung City, being selected for the study. An error correction model is constructed for each city/county using time series data covering the period from 1974 to 1999, from which the research results show that each city/ county has its own unique relational pattern between population migration, the labor market and the housing market, reflecting their different characteristics and developmental stages. In Taipei City, the capital city of Taiwan, housing prices are much higher, although this has not been affected by migration or the labor market, since it is instead exogenously determined. In Taipei County, on the other hand, which is part of the Taipei metropolitan area and the major population migration destination, a close interaction exists between housing prices and population migration. As a latecomer in urban development, the relatively better organized city planning in Taichung City was reflected in all variables as being affected by the exogenous variable, local government expenditure. Although the industrialized city of Kaohsiung is faced with the growing problem of a loss of jobs, along with a housing market recession in recent years, the city’s net population migration has thus far been unaffected.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   National Chengchi  University, Wu Wen-chieh , Lin Sue-Jing ,   Lung-Hwa University of Science and Technology
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the random group effect, which has usually not been considered in traditional housing demand studies. Frequently, group level variables are used in housing demand estimation due to the data constraint. For instance, the US Index of Housing Price per administrative area is often used to measure the housing price when estimating the US price elasticity of demand for housing, and the average household income is often used as a proxy for the individual income in Taiwan when estimating the income elasticity of demand for housing. Econometricians argue that the traditional OLS estimation, when the random group effect is ignored, has been considered to have a downward bias in the estimated standard error. By following Amemiya (1978) and Borjas and Sueyoshi (1994), we propose a two-stage estimation technique to estimate housing demand with the random group effect. Using Taiwan’s cross-sectional survey data, we found that the standard error of the estimated coefficient for the group level income variable is underestimated in the traditional unadjusted OLS specification. This finding suggests that there may be a danger of spurious regression in the traditional OLS housing demand estimation.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   National University of Singapore, Sing Tien Foo , Lee Kin Pang, Juvette ,   National University of Singapore, Wong Ah Long ,   Suntec City Development P/L
Published: September 2021

Suntec City (hereafter referred to as Suntec), “Asia’s Vertical Silicon Valley,?is one of the real estate examples where broadband and information & communication technologies (ICT) have been strongly embraced to enhance the competitiveness and marketability of its office space. In a mailed questionnaire survey participated in by 24 major commercial developers who are members of the Read Estate Development Association of Singapore (REDAS), 60% of the sample developer firms experienced strong competition in attracting and retaining lessees against office buildings equipped with ICT and broadband facilities. Sixty-seven percent of those who felt competition from the better-connected buildings indicated that they have plans to upgrade the existing ICT and broadband facilities over the next three years. They expected the upgrading to enhance the marketability of the building (71%) and also be able to attract tenants who are willing to pay a premium for the ICT and broadband services (43%). In the post- upgrading period, the majority of respondent firms felt that ICT and Broadband services would have positive impacts on occupancy rate (58%), rent (46%), and running and maintenance costs of the building (61%). We developed an incremental net present value model, which encapsulates the above factor and a network externality, to estimate the economic gain of investing in ICT and broadband connectivity in the Suntec City Tower One case. Based on our assumptions of the input variables, we found that the differentiating premium associated with the ICT and broadband connectivity was equivalent to 3.86% of the unit rental value. When probabilistic uncertainties were added to selected variables in a simulation process, the ICT and broadband related rental premium increased to 5.27%.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   CITIC Ka Wah Bank and Consultant of the Korea  Mortgage Corporation, Lam Eddie
Published: September 2021

Most previous studies that developed Mortgage-backed Securities (MBS) models focused on investors, but the model that is presented here is specifically for MBS issuers. I developed a risk management tool for issuers and guarantors to monitor their MBS portfolios. The model projects the cash inflow of mortgages and the cash outflow to MBS; alters the traditional model by introducing decision trees; combines the prepayment, delinquency, default, and recovery of delinquency into a single model; and uses a simulation program with multiple path generation to develop a model for issuers to manage their MBS portfolios. According to the results of the model, issuers can manage the risk level of their portfolios by determining the Collection Account Balance, the Overcollateralization Ratio, the Net Residual Value, and the Liquidity Advance. The final part of this paper provides suggestions on risk management for MBS issuers.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   National Chengchi  University, Wu Wen-Chieh , Chang Chin-Oh ,   National Chengchi University, Selvili Zekiye ,   California State University Fullerton
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the link between nonperforming loans, real estate prices, and the banking system. We found that the level of nonperforming loans affects bank profitability as well as the price performance of real estate markets. We also analyzed the factors that cause the ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans to fluctuate. We observed that a higher ratio of corporateloans to individual loans results in a lower percentage of nonperforming loans. In contrast, a lower real estate lending rate relative to the primary lending rate leads to a higher percentage of nonperforming loans. These results suggest that the percentage of nonperforming loans can be partially governed by the lending practices of banks.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   State University of New York, Gu Anthony Yanxiang , Trefzger Joseph W. ,   Illinois State University
Published: September 2021

We propose a program that would further promote housing privatization in China. In addition to operating its current Housing Savings Fund program, the government could guarantee loans, with payments capped at affordable levels or spread out over workable payment periods. Such a program would balance efficiency with fairness by encouraging market forces, while addressing practical necessities (lenders?rights, corruption, labor mobility) so that privatization could relieve the burden on government and taxpayers. Net benefits would arise through the private market’s greater efficiency in managing housing resources.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Li Deqing Diane , Yung Kenneth ,   Old Dominion University
Published: September 2021

We examine short interests in equity real estate investment trusts (REITs) between 1994 and 2001. Our results show that only high levels (the 90th percentile) of short interest are associated with significant negative REIT returns as the bearish content of short interest may have been mitigated by the favorable risk characteristics of real estate securities. In addition, the significant negative relationship between short interest and REIT returns applies only to REITs with poor performance. The result implies that the bearish sentiment of short interest could also be mitigated by good REIT managers in a real estate market that is informationally inefficient. The results of a logistic regression model further show that the short selling of REIT shares can be explained by firm-specific factors such as operating efficiency, fundamental value, and liquidity. Given that short interest is not indiscriminately associated with negative REIT returns and that the short positions are firm-specific, the results are consistent with implications that short interests in REITs represent attempts to make short-term profits rather than general bearishness regarding real estate investments.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of Cambridge, Erol Isil , Patel Kanak ,   University of Cambridge
Published: September 2021

This paper evaluates the Turkish government’s housing policy for financing the public sector housing and examines the desirability of wage-indexed payment mortgage (WIPM) contract from the lenders perspective. The WIPM contract introduced in 1998 differs from the standard index-linked mortgages in that it is based on the Civil Servant’s Wage Index and there is no amortization rate. From the lender’s perspective, the WIPMs are found to be desirable mortgage instruments in periods of persistent high inflation because they eliminate the real interest rate risk and credit risk of the ARM and the ‘wealth risk’ of a nominal FRM.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   UNITEC New Zealand, Ge Xin J. , Runeson G. ,   University of NSW
Published: September 2021

This paper develops a forecasting model of residential property prices for Hong Kong using an artificial neural network approach. Quarterly time-series data are applied for testing and the empirical results suggest that property price index, lagged one period, rental index, and the number of agreements for sales and purchases of units are the major determinants of the residential property price performance in Hong Kong. The results also suggest that the neural network methodology has the ability to learn, generalize, and converge time series.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   KIER Kyoto University, Kariya Takeaki , Kato Yasuyuki ,   KIER Kyoto University, Uchiyama Tomonori ,   Nomura Securities Co. Ltd, Suwabe Takashi ,   Goldman Sachs Co. Ltd
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we formulate a tenant management problem for retail properties, such as shopping centers, provide an analytical framework for deriving the probability distribution of the sum of discounted future cash flows stochastically generated through tenant management, and find an optimal lease agreement structure and strategy for tenant-replacement management. More specifically, we formulate the problem of valuing the net present value of future net income from a retail property with tenant management and provide a valuation model for management decision making. The income fluctuates with market rent variations and management processes. In our framework, a property manager is required to choose an optimal mix of fixed rent and variable rent linked to tenant sales, and one of two tenant-replacement rules for return and risk enhancement. Finally, we provide an optimal strategy for this problem using Monte Carlo simulation, through which we value the real options of adopting an optimal strategy for percentage rent and tenant replacement made available by the New House Lease Law inare consistent with implications that short interests in REITs represent attempts to make short-term profits rather than general bearishness regarding real estate investments.
Assessing Student Ability to Interpret Regression Diagnostic Plots
Authors:   Montclair State University, Berenson Mark , Su Haiyan
Published: September 2021

Simple linear regression analysis is an important component of introductory statistics courses, and testing the validity of its assumptions is an important part of regression modeling and analysis. The traditional approach in introductory statistics courses is to use residual plots to assess possible departures from the key assumptions. Confirmatory statistics are typically not used. But do undergraduate students in these introductory courses have the ability to assess residual plots correctly? This paper presents the results of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved study to address this question. The results are interesting and have implications for the teaching of regression in introductory courses as well as for textbook authors who cater to these courses.
Minimum Instructional Hours at School and Childhood Weight
Authors:   William Patterson University, Snyder Tricia
Published: September 2021

Increasing weight of children in the United States (U.S) has been a persistent public health issue for decades. According to the Center for Disease Control, in the 1963–1970 period, 4% of children between the ages of 6 and 11 were defined to be overweight; that level had more than tripled by 1999, reaching 13% and is even higher today. Childhood obesity is especially common among minority schoolchildren, with approximately 20% of whom are now overweight. Obesity in the U.S. currently cost close to $200 billion a year and accounts for over 20% of all healthcare cost. In seeking explanations for the increase in childhood weight, it is unclear whether childhood obesity arises primarily from school or non-school influences and how school instructional hours can impact a child’s overall health. Therefore, it is important to determine how instructional time at schools and educational institutions potentially impacts a children’s physical health. In this study, we use state-level variations in the minimum amount of instructional time to study the effect of the amount of time spent at school on children’s physical health. We find that an increase in the number of school hours reduces childhood obesity in African Americans by close to .13 percentage points.
John Henry Newman: The Idea of a University: Book Review
Authors:   Jilin Normal University, Han Dongqing , Wu Jiawei ,   Santa Monica College
Published: September 2021

Newman’s “The Idea of the University” is the essential classic document in the history of Western higher education. All over the world, the educational thoughts of universities are closely related to Newman, and modern authors’ classic understanding of the university concept is derived from this Book. At that time, academia was in an era of ideological confrontation. Debates were mainly based on the two themes of “can other schools’ thoughts be used for reference” and “humanities or science.” Newman gave a clear answer to this in the book and made a corresponding detailed discussion. Newman’s answer embodies Newman’s educational thoughts, which are formed under the guidance of personal, educational philosophy. Therefore, Newman’s educational philosophy is contained in his educational thoughts. Based on this, Newman’s educational philosophy is explored from the educational thoughts contained in Newman’s answers to the above two topics. Newman’s educational philosophy is embodied in his views on schools and disciplines. For other sects, Newman is loyal to knowledge, regardless of sect, learns from each other’s strengths, and innovates. Newman firmly opposes blindly denying the views of the humanities.
Quantitative Visualization Analysis in the Field of Sports Dance Based on CiteSpace
Authors:   Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110100, Liaoning, China, Huang Dacai
Published: September 2021

Taking 266 CSSCI records of sports dance from CNKI database as the research object, the relevant data were analyzed by CiteSpace software. By means of knowledge map, this paper combs the number of papers, high-yield institutions, high-yield authors, cooperation and research hotspots. This study draws the following conclusions, which are divided into three time periods according to the amount of documents issued; The cooperation between the authors is scattered, and the representatives are mainly concentrated in Beijing Sports University; The distribution of research institutions is scattered and the cluster scale is small; The keywords are clustered into nine cluster labels. Through sorting and summarizing, the nine clusters are summarized into six aspects: the development of sports dance, the development of sports dance in China’s mass sports, sports dance teaching, the cultural integration of national standard dance and Chinese classical dance, the aesthetic value of sports dance, and the impact of sports dance on College Students’ physical and mental health.
Eigenvalue Selection and Development Control of Rural Tourism: a Case Study of Raghurajpur, an Artful Village in Puri
Authors:   Radhikatai Pandav Institute of Architecture,Nagpur ,R.T.M.Nagpur University,India, Narad Anjali V. , Raut Priya ,   Shri Datta Meghe College of Architecture, Nagpur, R.T.M. Nagpur University, India
Published: September 2021

In India we found an endless, living vibrant tradition of crafts and culture, while Odisha is a diversified state with a variety of tourist attractions and amenities. The Odisha culture reside in villages and having high potential for art and cultural growth in terms of tourism .Tourism growth potential can be harness as a strategy for rural tourism development. The concept of rural tourism should be used for Odisha and their villages which constitute rich cultural heritage, magnificent architectural buildings & monuments. This research paper discribes the concept and development of rural tourism in odisha, with the case study of Raghurajpur. Rural tourism is a multifaceted destination because of its eco, ethnic, farm, cultural, historical importance. This paper also deals with accentuating artisan beauty of Raghurajpur village and various methods by which we can make it sustainable to with proper understanding between the tourist and local people to participate in tourism development of Puri in Orissa.
How Do City Size and Immigration Policies Affect Labor Mobility?
Authors:   Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China, Xia Zhuang
Published: September 2021

This paper uses the micro data from the National Health Commission’s “China floating population dynamic monitoring survey” (CMDS) project, and uses probit and Ivprobit models to analyze the impact of policy selection on Labor mobility Decision-making under different city sizes. The results show that: (1) the larger the city size, the more conducive to labor inflow, and the externality of human capital has a positive regulatory effect; (2) the impact of city size on Labor mobility has policy screening heterogeneity, the more obvious the policy threshold, the more conducive to high-level labor inflow. Making more reasonable labor policy, reducing the threshold of labor inflow, breaking the barriers of labor inflow, balancing the gap between high skilled labor force and low skilled labor force, weakening the crowding out effect of urban scale expansion and labor policy can effectively attract talents and promote urban development.
Abdominal aortitis with immune checkpoint inhibition
Authors: R Liguori Nicholas , V Longo Michael , Safran Howard
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Aortitis, inflammation of the aorta, is a rare large vessel vasculitis associated with giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, and other rheumatologic diseases. Aortitis has rarely been reported with cancer immunotherapy.

Case Report: We present a case of 43-year-old man treated for a high-grade neuroendocrine tumor who developed aortitis during treatment with the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab. PubMed search revealed no prior cases of this toxicity in associated with PD-L1 inhibition.

Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first case report of aortitis from PD-L1 inhibition. Recognition is important since resolution of symptoms was obtained with corticosteroids. This is also the first report of successful rechallenge with a PD-1 inhibitor without recurrence of aortitis.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DO SABER DOS CONTEÚDOS DE MATEMÁTICA ATRAVÉS DA LUDICIDADE
Authors: NASCIMENTO ADNA
Published: September 2021

O artigo refere-se ao uso do lúdico no processo de ensino aprendizagem na educação infantil. Para discussão teórica considerou-se os ensinos de Vygotsky (1994) e Goleman (1999) que auxiliam a compreensão das atividades que envolvem a simbologia dos brinquedos, de Kishimoto (2008) que mostra a construção do saber através da ludicidade, e de Almeida (1981) que ressalta a importância dos jogos lúdicos na educação moderna. O aludido estudo revelou que as atividades lúdicas intervêm no aprendizado da criança dentro e fora sala de aula, e mais, o jogo e qualquer brincadeira é agradável, motivador e enriquecedor, pois possibilita o aprendizado de várias habilidades, bem como auxilia no desenvolvimento mental da criança, e desse modo ela se tornará um adulto melhor.
O ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA E O USO DOS RECURSOS DIDÁTICOS E TECNOLÓGICOS
Authors: SOUSA TATIANA
Published: September 2021

A prática docente enfrenta alguns obstáculos associados a situações experimentadas no cotidiano escolar. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar as potencialidades de dinâmicas elaboradas para a participação plena dos alunos em sala de aula; destacar como a tecnologia pode ser utilizada como ferramenta para ampliar as possibilidades nas práticas pedagógicas no ensino de geografia e, ainda, ampliar o conhecimento das pessoas sobre o meio ambiente, bem como sua contribuição para preservá-lo. A principal concepção na educação ambiental refere-se a novas atitudes e comportamentos mais adequados do ponto de vista ambiental, novas assunções do ponto de vista da ação sobre o ambiente, quando não há reflexão social e política de seus condicionantes históricos há um adestramento ambiental, desvinculada da ação política. Não como fim do processo educacional, mas como meio que desperta nos estudantes seu potencial crítico e participativo. A partir da releitura de diferentes autores, de diferentes áreas de conhecimento, se pretende contribuir para a reflexão da necessidade de ampliação dos momentos de participação em sala de aula, de modo que os alunos se sintam parte importante do processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CLIDINIUM BROMIDE, RABEPRAZOLE, CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE AND DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Singh Ranapartap , Pooja Chawla , Rawal Ravindra K ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga - 142 001, Punjab, India
Published: September 2021

Clidinium bromide, rabeprazole sodium, chlordiazepoxide and dicyclomine hydrochloride(COLIWIN-R) drug combinations are used for the treatment of gastric acidity, anxiety, intestinal ulcers, abdominal cramps, irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal pain. A high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of clidinium bromide, rabeprazole sodium, chlordiazepoxide and dicyclomine hydrochloride in capsules dosage forms using WATERS C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with mobile phase consisting of methanol, acetonitrile and phosphate buffer 40:30:30 (V/V) (0.05M, pH 4.0 adjusting with 0.5% ortho phosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/ min monitoring the effluents at 220 nm. The retention times of clidinium bromide, rabeprazole sodium, chlordiazepoxide and dicyclomine hydrochloride in capsule formulation were found to be 2.9 min, 3.5 min, 4.7 min, and 8.0 min, respectively. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines for specificity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, linearity, ruggedness and robustness. The method show good reproducibility and recovery with % RSD less than 2. The proposed method was found to be simple, specific, precise, accurate and linear. Hence, it can be applied for routine analysis of clidinium bromide, rabeprazole sodium, chlordiazepoxide and dicyclomine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical combined dosage forms.
ATTENUATION OF STRESS INDUCED URINARY BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED MEMORY LOSS BY HYDROALCOHOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF CELASTRUS PANICULATUS WILLD. IN RAT MODEL
Authors: K.V. Anil Kumar , N. Vimala , T. Rama , Sreemanthula Satyanarayana ,   Dept. of Pharmacology, Visveswarapura Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BSK II Stage, Bengaluru-560 070, Karnataka, India
Published: September 2021

Ayurveda uses seeds of Celastrus paniculatus to treat various stress related disorders. In the present investigation, the hydroalcoholic seed extract of C. paniculatus was evaluated for anti-stress activity by forced swim stress model. Vanillylmandelic acid and ascorbic acid were selected as non-invasive biomarkers to assess the anti-stress activity. Nootropic activity in rats was evaluated by conditioned avoidance response using Cook’s pole climbing apparatus, the antioxidant potential was determined based on the ability of the extract to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. Pretreatment with the extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the stress induced urinary biochemical levels. The cognition was observed to be dose dependent. The extract also produced significant dose dependent inhibition of hydroxyl radicals. The present study provides scientific support for the anti-stress, antioxidant and nootropic activities of hydroalcoholic seed extract of C. paniculatus and substantiates the traditional claims for the usage of C. paniculatus willd. in stress induced disorders.
Management of Community acquired pneumonia in the Emergency Room
Authors:   Emergency Department, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain, Esteban-Zubero Eduardo , García-Muro Cristina ,   Department of Pediatrics, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain, Alatorre-Jiménez Moisés Alejandro ,   Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA, Marín-Medina Alejandro ,   Department of Genetics, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Mexico, López-García Carlos Arturo ,   Department of Pathology, Hospital San José-TecSalud, Monterey, Nuevo León, Mexico, Youssef Ahmed ,   Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA, Villeda-González Rocío ,   Research Department, Asociación Mexicana de Atrofia Muscular Espinal (AMAME), Guadalajara, Mexico
Published: September 2021

The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) ranges from 2-15 cases/1,000 inhabitants/year, being higher in those over 65 or in patients with comorbidities. In Emergency Room (ER) it represents up to 1.35% of the care. Approximately 75% of all diagnosed CAPs are treated in ER. The CAP represents the origin of the majority of septic sepsis and shock diagnosed in ER, the leading cause of death and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for infectious disease. A global mortality of 10-14% is attributed according to age and associated risk factors. 40-60% of CAPs will require hospital admission, including observation areas (with very variable ranges of 22-65% according to centers, time of year and patient characteristics), and between them 2-10% will be in the ICU. From all that has been said, the importance of CAP in ER is translated, and also of the “impact of emergency care on patients with CAP”, as it is the device where initial, but fundamental, decisions are made for evolution of process. The great variability among clinicians in the management of diagnostic-therapeutic aspects in the CAP is known, which is one of the reasons that explain the large differences in admission rates, of achieving the microbiological diagnosis, request for complementary studies, the choice of antimicrobial regime or the diversity of care applied. In this sense, the implementation of clinical practice guidelines with the use of prognostic severity scales and the new tools available in HUSs such as biomarkers can improve the care of patients with CAP in ER. Therefore, based on a multidisciplinary group of emergency professionals and specialists participating in the CAP care process, this clinical guide has been designed with various recommendations for decisions and key moments in the process of patient care with NAC in the Emergency Room.
Management of acetaminophen toxicity, a review
Authors:   Emergency Department, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain, Beltrán-Olazábal Alejandra , Martínez-Galán Patricia ,   Emergency Department, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain, Castejón-Moreno Rubén ,   Emergency Department, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain, García-Moreno Miren Edurne ,   Department of Psychiatry, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain, García-Muro Cristina ,   Department of Pediatrics, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain, Esteban-Zubero Eduardo ,   Emergency Department, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
Published: September 2021

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used drug in our environment with few adverse effects. Because of this, several patients affected by APAP hepatotoxicity unknown that the APAP dose-intake was excessive. This damage is mainly produced via one of APAP metabolites: N-acetyl-para-benzo-quinone imine (NAPQI), which is very toxic. The drug’s ingested doses as well as the length of time from APAP ingestion to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) therapy are the most essential determining factors in both the development and severity of APAP hepatotoxicity. However, there are other factors related, including alcohol intake, herbs and medications, age and genetic factors, nutritional status, and chronic liver disease. The ingestion of a toxic dose of APAP causes different clinical manifestations that depend fundamentally on the time elapsed since the intake. The diagnosis process depends on the intake (acute single overdose of after repeated overdoses). The Rumack-Matthew nomogram is acceptable after an acute single overdose, being the “possible hepatic toxicity” point 200 μg/mL at 4 hours and 25 μg/mL at 16 hours). This normogram is no applicable in after repeated overdoses. NAC is the antidote for APAP intoxication, and could be administered orally or intravenous. Finally, a multidisciplinary approach with the support of Psychiatry, Intensive Care Unit as well as Gastroenterology and Digestive Department will be necessary, especially in the case of attempted autolysis and severe liver failure.
The Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in The Protective Lung Strategy after Cardiac Surgery in a Tertiary Intensive Care Unit
Authors:   Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Şehir Hastanesi, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Bilkent/Ankara, Turkey, Mungan Ibrahim , Turan Sema ,   Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Şehir Hastanesi, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Bilkent/Ankara, Turkey
Published: September 2021

Background: In cases of respiratory failure, Lung-Protective Ventilation Strategy (LPVS) which limits ventilator-induced lung injury is recommended. However, CO2 retention is a major impediment for LPVS and Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supplies enough time to the lungs for rest and recovery. We aimed to find out the connection between ECMO usage and the reduction of mechanical ventilatory values in patients who required ECMO therapy after cardiac surgery due to pulmonary failure. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 21 consecutive patients receiving a venovenous ECMO for pulmonary failure after cardiac surgery and 19 patients non-ECMO group. Demographic variables including age, gender, predicted body weight, and heart rate and the arterial blood gas analysis data, mechanical ventilator parameters and clinical outcomes were derived from institutional database. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.57 years and ECMO patients were younger than non-ECMO group patients (p=0.005). The other descriptive variables and clinical parameters did not differ between groups statistically. The mechanical ventilator parameters and arterial blood gas analysis were worse in the ECMO group before the procedure (p <0.001) whereas improvement in data was more significant in the ECMO group after the procedure (p<0.001 in Pplateau and PaO2) . The patients in the non-ECMO group stayed longer in hospital (35.68 days vs 16.9 days) and in ICU (31.11 days vs 13.33 days) than the patients in the ECMO group. The duration of the mechanical ventilatory support did not differ between groups. Conclusion: The intensivists had a big dilemma involving the balance between maintaining a sensible blood-gas exchange and protecting the lung from adverse effects of mechanical ventilatory support. The extracorporeal life support –ECMO- was advised until the pulmonary failure was resolved. We found that ECMO support was decreasing the high Plateau Pressure and respiratory rate more than the non-ECMO group.
Global assessment of morbidity and mortality pattern of CoVID-19: Descriptive statistics overview
Authors:   National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt, Rashed Engy Refaat , Eissa Mostafa Essam ,   Independent PhD researcher and Candidate, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 is the recent most devastating global outbreak that influenced humanity in the new millennium since decades from the last devastating pandemic. Despite being of low mortality rates - if compared with the previous epidemics in human history - the progressively spreading epidemic does not impact health and life but also has changed man's lifestyle, economy, politics and many other undisputed admitted daily routines. Methods: The present case provides statistical analysis with a unique perspective using statistical process control (SPC) methodologies in a fast, simple and efficient way to study disease dissemination in terms of morbidities and mortalities globally. Results: Countries and territories with low population count were subjected relatively to a higher count of morbidities and mortalities than those of higher census count. Accordingly, the associate cases and death rates would be greater with a lower population number, suggesting that other factors should be involved in the outbreak hazard rather than the population number. Countries were arranged dissentingly by the residential census for illustration. The main contributing countries that showed collectively about 60% of the total CoVID-19 cases and deaths were arranged in descending order like the following: for cases, USA, Italy, Spain, China and Germany and for deaths, Italy, Spain, USA and France. A cubic relationship exists between the emerging number of cases and daily death records. CUSUM charts showed that the daily variations of the epidemic disease records have been rising and became out-of-control statistically on 17 and 19 March 2020. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 is still showing progressive dissemination patterns globally with variable impact between different countries or territories.
How to apply Simulation-Based Learning in Medical Education?
Authors:   Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, College of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia City, Egypt, Elshama Said Said ,   College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Published: September 2021

Simulation-Based Learning is considered the best alternative teaching and assessment tool that able to make the change in education, training, improving the quality and assessing the performance of the medical students. It helps students for acquiring many skills such as professionalism, communication, self-evaluation, time management, and teamwork. In addition, the use of simulation in medical education is based on many noble goals and ethical rules; it provides the best standards for patient care and safety, patient autonomy, and social justice. However, assessment of the application of simulation appropriateness depends on validity, reliability, and utility. Simulation has many types and classifications; it may be classified into human simulation such as role-play and standardized patient or non-human simulation such as manikin and the based computer simulation. It may be also classified according to the type or the fidelity. According to the type, it is classified into compiler-driven and event-driven, or according to the fidelity as a low, medium, and high-fidelity. There are specific criteria and steps that should be applied when designing a simulation course or operation a simulation training session as well as designing a skill checklist for ensuring a successful simulation application in medical education. However, many challenges and obstacles are still facing simulation implementation in medical education in different medical schools.