bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Exploration of Enabler, Purpose, and Benefits of Digitalisation in the Informal Sector: Understanding the Role of Bricolage Among Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Singh Swati , Alok Swati , Banerjee Sudatta
Published: June 2023

Women entrepreneurship literature is blooming and largely indicate the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in setting up and scaling businesses. Much of the research on women’s entrepreneurship revolves around entrepreneurial activities in the formal sector. Women entrepreneurship in the informal sector is still less explored. In this study, we explore the enablers and benefits of digitalisation among women entrepreneurs in the informal sector in the Indian context. We employ a qualitative study to unravel the experiences of women entrepreneurs ( n = 30). Data were collected through interviews, and analysis was carried out through Voyant tools and Atlas.ti. Findings revealed that respondents attempted to bricolage with existing resources to run and manage their businesses. Family support, social influence, and willingness to learn emerged as key enablers of digitalisation. Digitalisation benefitted women entrepreneurs in several ways including ease of transaction, getting feedback, selling and promoting their offerings, and business collaborations. Based on the findings, a model of enabler, purpose, and benefits of digitalisation is proposed. Findings are discussed in the light of existing literature and future research agenda is presented.
Book review: Ajantha Subramanian, The Caste of Merit: Engineering Education in India
Authors: Ganesh Sambhavi
Published: June 2023

Ajantha Subramanian, The Caste of Merit: Engineering Education in India (Harvard University Press, 2019), 374 pp., GBP 39.95, ISBN 9780674987883 (Hardbound).
Assessment of Duration of Feeding, Spillage, Weight Changes, Days to Reach Full Oral Feeds, Full Breastfeed, and Length of Hospitalization Among Preterm Neonates
Authors: Gujjar Neetu , Kalyan Geetanjali , Kumar Jogender , Kumar Parveen
Published: June 2023

Background

Preterm neonates are not able to breastfeed due to immature sucking swallow reflexes and are kept on an alternative method of feeding until they are able to do so. The time to reach full oral feeds and breastfeed, the duration of feeding, and spillage are important parameters that need to be observed so that a baseline value can be provided, which can help healthcare professionals see the progression and appropriateness of feeding preterm neonates.

Objective

To assess the duration of feeding, spillage, weight changes, days to reach full oral feeds, full breastfeed, and length of hospitalization among preterm neonates.

Material and Methods

A descriptive study was carried out on 106 preterm neonates in the step-down unit of the NICU, PGIMER, Chandigarh. The variables under study were duration of feeding, spillage, weight changes, days to reach full oral feeds, days to reach full breastfeed, and length of hospitalization. The tools for data collection used were a socio-demographic profile along with a clinical profile of neonates, a neonatal assessment, and an observation sheet to record spillage and duration of feeding. The methods of data collection used were observation and biophysiological methods. Weight was assessed by the infant weighing scale present in the unit (in grams) and to measure spillage, a bib was used, and its pre- and post-feeding weight was measured on a diaper weighing machine. The values are expressed in grams. The data were collected from July 2021 to November 2021. The data are analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0.

Results

The results showed that neonates took an average of mean ± SD (range) 15.0 ± 3.12 (10−26) min to complete one feeding session, and spillage was around 1.37± 0.3 (0.8−2.3) g. The transition time to full oral feeds was 8.01 ± 7.21 (1–44) days, and the average time to reach full breastfeed was 26.7 ± 12.1 (5−56) days.

Conclusion

The present study has provided valuable data on duration of feeding and spillage that serves as a guide for the amount of milk that can be added to the prescribed feed. The information is also helpful in educating the parents to be patient while feeding the baby and wait for at least 3 weeks to 2 months to reach full breastfeed. Gestational age at birth and birth weight affect (negative correlation) the time to reach full oral feeds, breastfeed, and length of hospital stays ( p < .05).
Solution-Focused Body-Mind-Spirit (SF-BMS) Group Therapy for Mental Health and Trauma Symptoms Among Asian American Youth: A Mixed Methods Pilot Evaluation
Authors: Eads Ray
Published: June 2023

Solution-focused and body-mind-spirit practices have shown promising evidence for addressing various mental health and trauma-related problems, though there is limited research regarding their joint application. In addition, Asian American youth are often underrepresented in social work intervention literature despite increasing risk of negative effects from anti-Asian hate and violence since the start of the coronavirus pandemic. Solution-Focused Body-Mind-Spirit (SF-BMS) group therapy is a novel intervention approach with roots in traditional Eastern and postmodern Western philosophies that may be particularly applicable for the cross-cultural experience of second-generation immigrants from Southeast Asian countries. This study conducted a mixed methods pilot evaluation of SF-BMS group therapy with Asian American youth and found modest pre–post improvements in overall problems and qualitative evidence of the intervention’s acceptability.
Candidemia in Adult Patients in the ICU: A Reappraisal of Susceptibility Testing and Antifungal Therapy
Authors: Chastain Daniel B. , White Bryan P. , Tu Patrick J. , Chan Sophea , Jackson Brittany T. , Kubbs Kara A. , Bandali Aiman , McDougal Steven , Henao-Martínez Andrés F. , Cluck David B.
Published: June 2023

Objective:

To provide updates on the epidemiology and recommendations for management of candidemia in patients with critical illness.

Data Sources:

A literature search using the PubMed database (inception to March 2023) was conducted using the search terms “invasive candidiasis,” “candidemia,” “critically ill,” “azoles,” “echinocandin,” “antifungal agents,” “rapid diagnostics,” “antifungal susceptibility testing,” “therapeutic drug monitoring,” “antifungal dosing,” “persistent candidemia,” and “Candida biofilm.”

Study Selection/Data Extraction:

Clinical data were limited to those published in the English language. Ongoing trials were identified through ClinicalTrials.gov.

Data Synthesis:

A total of 109 articles were reviewed including 25 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies and 30 studies including patient data, 13 of which were randomized controlled clinical trials. The remaining 54 articles included fungal surveillance data, in vitro studies, review articles, and survey data. The current 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis provides recommendations for selecting empiric and definitive antifungal therapies for candidemia, but data are limited regarding optimized dosing strategies in critically ill patients with dynamic pharmacokinetic changes or persistent candidemia complicated.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Outcomes due to candidemia remain poor despite improved diagnostic platforms, antifungal susceptibility testing, and antifungal therapy selection for candidemia in critically ill patients. Earlier detection and identification of the species causing candidemia combined with recognition of patient-specific factors leading to dosing discrepancies are crucial to improving outcomes in critically ill patients with candidemia.

Conclusions:

Treatment of candidemia in critically ill patients must account for the incidence of non-albicans Candida species and trends in antifungal resistance as well as overcome the complex pathophysiologic changes to avoid suboptimal antifungal exposure.
Reversal of Oral Anticoagulants: A Survey of Contemporary Practice Trends (ReACT)
Authors: Deng Huiwen , Nutescu Edith A. , DiDomenico Robert J.
Published: June 2023

This study evaluated practice patterns and factors influencing treatment decisions regarding urgent or emergent reversal of oral anticoagulants (OACs). A 30-question survey was electronically distributed to anticoagulation members of the Anticoagulation Forum. Questions were designed to capture practice trends in the reversal of warfarin, factor Xa inhibitors, and factor IIa inhibitors. Continuous and categorical data were analyzed to generate descriptive statistics. Open-ended questions were summarized by thematic categories. 173 responses were collected most from US-based pharmacists with direct patient care responsibilities. The majority of the respondents’ institutions (90.2%) utilized a guideline or protocol for OACs reversal. Vitamin K (91.3%), activated charcoal (80.4%), and fresh frozen plasma (72.8%) were the most common reversal agents on formulary without restrictions. Most institutions (87.0%) reported having 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) and idarucizumab on formulary, but most commonly (52.2%) with restrictions. Andexanet alfa was only reported on formulary at 35.9% of institutions. In contrast to current guideline recommendations, vitamin K (98.8%) was preferred over 4F-PCC and 4F-PCC (71.6%) was preferred over andexanet alfa as first-line agents used to reverse warfarin and factor Xa inhibitors, respectively. Weight-based dosing strategies for 4F-PCC were commonly utilized for different reversals (41.2%-59.4%). Cost, efficacy, and safety of 4F-PCC were identified as top facilitators and barriers for 4F-PCC adoption in practice. Our findings revealed that guideline recommendations for reversal of warfarin and factor Xa and IIa inhibitors are not followed by a majority of institutions. Studies are needed to investigate strategies to overcome barriers for implementing and following guideline recommendations.
Technology-Facilitated Sexual Harassment Against Women and Psychological Dysfunction: A Test of Objectification Theory
Authors: Oliver Casey , Cummings Shayna , Puiras Erika , Mazmanian Dwight
Published: June 2023

Objectification theory was tested to examine the potential mediating role of self-objectification in the relationship between technology-facilitated sexual harassment (TFSH) and psychological functioning in a sample of women ( N = 481). The results indicated that TFSH was associated with eating pathology, alcohol use, and sexual functioning. Furthermore, partial support for the objectification theory was achieved, with self-objectification potentially explaining the relationships between TFSH and eating pathology, and TFSH and alcohol use. This research may shed light on the role of objectification processes in the context of TFSH in women, as well as inform mental health interventions for women victims of TFSH.
Accelerated dynamic data reduction using spatial and temporal properties
Authors: Hickman Fulp Megan , Fulp Dakota , Zou Changfeng , Sanders Cooper , Biswas Ayan , Smith Melissa C. , Calhoun Jon C.
Published: June 2023

Due to improvements in high-performance computing (HPC) capabilities, many of today’s applications produce petabytes worth of data, causing bottlenecks within the system. Importance-based sampling methods, including our spatio-temporal hybrid data sampling method, are capable of resolving these bottlenecks. While our hybrid method has been shown to outperform existing methods, its effectiveness relies heavily on user parameters, such as histogram bins, error threshold, or number of regions. Moreover, the throughput it demonstrates must be higher to avoid becoming a bottleneck itself. In this article, we resolve both of these issues. First, we assess the effects of several user input parameters and detail techniques to help determine optimal parameters. Next, we detail and implement accelerated versions of our method using OpenMP and CUDA. Upon analyzing our implementations, we find 9.8× to 31.5× throughput improvements. Next, we demonstrate how our method can accept different base sampling algorithms and the effects these different algorithms have. Finally, we compare our sampling methods to the lossy compressor cuSZ in terms of data preservation and data movement.
Reverse McConnell’s: A Sign of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Sagalov Andrew , Bhattarai Mukul , Eggert Ashley , Hegde Shruti
Published: June 2023

Regional right ventricular dysfunction with akinesia of the mid-free wall with normal apical motion known as McConnell’s sign is an under-reported echocardiographic finding in the setting of pulmonary embolism. We conducted a literature review and systematic analysis, while describing 2 cases of pulmonary embolism with findings of reverse McConnell’s sign.
Adverse Events of Light-Assisted Hair Removal: An Updated Review
Authors: Mallat Farid , Chaaya Céline , Aoun Maroun , Soutou Boutros , Helou Josiane
Published: June 2023

Background

With light-assisted hair removal becoming widely used, reports of adverse effects are increasing.

Objective

To review all the reported optical incidents and cutaneous complications of laser or intense pulse light-assisted hair removal.

Methods

A PubMed database systematic search was performed to identify studies reporting such adverse events before July 2022 using the Mesh terms “adverse effects” AND “hair removal” AND (“laser” OR “intense pulse light”).

Results

Altogether, 358 references were identified. After excluding duplicates, unrelated articles, guidelines, and conference abstracts, then adding references from studies bibliography, 104 publications were included. Ocular incidents consisted of anterior uveitis, iritis and iris atrophy, pupillary distortion, posterior synechiae, anterior chamber pigment, and cataracts in the anterior subcapsular region. Cutaneous complications consisted of pain, burns, folliculitis, leukotrichia, paradoxical hypertrichosis, pigmentary changes, changes in nevi, pili bigemini, herpes infection, hyperhidrosis, bromhidrosis, Fox-Fordyce disease, and frostbite from the cooling system. They were mostly correlated to skin type and body area as well as to light device and set parameters. Intense pulse light devices were found to be less painful than alexandrite laser, yet more painful than diode laser; Nd:YAG laser had the highest pain score.

Conclusion

Optical incidents can be systematically avoided. Cutaneous complications are usually related to professional errors and patient characteristics. Better knowledge of laser physics and adequate training of laser operators are key recommendations to avoid undesirable side effects. Safety recommendations help prevent most of the reported complications.
Dental desensitization by dentists and occupational therapists for autistic adults: A pilot study
Authors: Castaño Novoa Patricia , Limeres Posse Jacobo , García Mato Eliane , Varela Aneiros Iván , Abeleira Pazos María Teresa , Diz Dios Pedro , Rivas Mundiña Berta
Published: June 2023

The aim of this pilot study was to assess the efficacy of a desensitization program developed by dentists and occupational therapists, targeted at autistic adults, to encourage their cooperation in the dental setting. The study group consisted of 18 individuals with autism (10 men and 8 women, aged 18–45 years). The patients underwent a baseline examination, after which they were progressively exposed to oral examination maneuvers and ultimately dental procedures. To this end, the participants engaged in a weekly desensitization session performed by an occupational therapist and a monthly assessment session by a dentist applying the Frankl scale, for a maximum period of 30 weeks. During the first session, 44% of the participants completed all oral examination procedures, reaching 94% by the fourth visit and 100% by the seventh visit. None of the participants completed a simple dental treatment up to the third session, subsequently increasing the percentage progressively until reaching a maximum of 61% in the seventh visit. In conclusion, a dental desensitization program implemented by dentists and occupational therapists could help in performing oral examinations and simple therapeutic procedures for a considerable percentage of adults with autism, without having to resort to pharmacological behavioral control techniques.

Lay abstract

Managing patients with autism in the dental clinic often requires resorting to pharmacological behavioral control techniques, including general anesthesia. References in the literature to desensitization programs are scarce and focus on training children with autism to undergo oral examinations and preventive procedures. This study shows that a dental desensitization program implemented by dentists and occupational therapists could help in performing not only oral examinations but also simple dental therapeutic procedures for a considerable percentage of adults with autism, without using a pharmacological intervention (sedation or general anesthesia).
Short report on navigating access to care for Medicaid-enrolled autistic youth and young adults: Examining accrual of intellectual disability diagnoses in adolescence
Authors: Carey Meghan E , Ardeleanu Katherine , Marcus Steven C , Tao Sha , Mandell David , Epstein Andrew J , Shea Lindsay L
Published: June 2023

Medicaid is a major insurer of autistic people. However, during the transition to adulthood, autistic individuals are more likely than people with intellectual disability to lose their Medicaid benefits. Individuals with intellectual disability may have greater success maintaining Medicaid coverage during this time because most states provide coverage to individuals with intellectual disability throughout adulthood, which is not the case for autism. Using national Medicaid data from 2008 to 2016, we estimated the probability of intellectual disability diagnosis accrual among autistic Medicaid beneficiaries. Medicaid beneficiaries ages 8 to 25 with 1+ inpatient or 2+ outpatient autism spectrum disorder claims, but no intellectual disability claim, in a 12-month eligibility period were included. We used a person-month discrete-time proportional hazards model. Disruptions in Medicaid coverage were operationalized as 2+ consecutive months of no coverage before coverage resumed (yes/no). One in five autistic individuals ages 8–25 accrued an intellectual disability diagnosis. The probability of accruing an intellectual disability diagnosis was higher among autistic individuals who had disruptions in Medicaid coverage compared to those without disruptions, and peaked at age 21 (during the transition to adulthood). Expanding Medicaid to cover autistic people of all ages could decrease the need for intellectual disability diagnosis accrual and improve health outcomes for autistic adults.

Lay abstract

What is known? In most states, Medicaid waivers provide individuals with an intellectual disability diagnosis generous healthcare coverage throughout adulthood. By comparison, fewer Medicaid programs are available for autistic individuals, and they are more likely to experience disruptions, or gaps, in Medicaid coverage and subsequently not re-enroll. What this paper adds? One in five autistic individuals with Medicaid coverage between ages 8 and 25 accrued a new intellectual disability diagnosis. The probability of a new intellectual disability diagnosis was higher among those who had previous disruptions in Medicaid coverage. Implications for research and policy. Expanding Medicaid to cover autistic people of all ages could decrease the need for intellectual disability diagnosis accrual. Input from autistic individuals and their families regarding their health insurance access and healthcare experiences is critically important to understanding next steps for research.
Fatigue reliability evaluation of reinforced concrete bridges under stochastic traffic loading based on truck weight limits
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhao Dong-Dong , Wu Shi-Yu
Published: June 2023

To investigate the fatigue reliability of reinforced concrete (RC) bridges under stochastic traffic loading and the effectiveness of limiting the truck load, this study presented an analysis method for evaluating the bridge fatigue reliability under the action of random traffic flows based on truck weight limits. Firstly, a simply RC T-beam bridge was selected as an example to illustrate the presented approach, and the traffic-induced stress spectrum of the tensile rebars in the critical girder of the bridge was obtained. Secondly, based on the collected traffic data from two specific areas, the corresponding random traffic flow was simulated respectively, and then calibrated using the weight limit referring to the current regulation and overload violation rates ( VR) to exclude overweight trucks. Finally, based on the S–N curve from Eurocode 3 and Miner’s cumulative damage model, the effects of violation rate, average daily truck traffic ( ADTT) and truck weight limit ( TWL) on the fatigue reliability index of the bridge were studied. The results show that heavy duty trucks will induce serious cumulative fatigue damage, and degrade the durability of RC bridges, while limiting the truck weight can obviously slow down the reduction of the fatigue reliability index. Both the ADTT and the VR can significantly affect the fatigue reliability of the bridge. More specifically, the bridge fatigue reliability index shows a clear downward trend with the increase in the ADTT and the VR. Furthermore, the performance to satisfy the target fatigue reliability of the bridge was compared between TWL for each type of trucks and unified TWL for all the trucks, and then the unified TWL for all the trucks are determined to ensure the target reliability index of the RC bridge after 100 years’ service life.
Exploring subjective sociocultural understandings of “fear of missing out” (FoMO) and the unsettled self in a time of deep mediatization
Authors: Goldman Irvin , Davis Charles H , Clark Rory Austin
Published: June 2023

The public sphere has become increasingly digitalized and transformed by the intermeshing of social media platforms and mobile devices cultivating reimagined selves. The negative impact of living in a deeply mediatized world has fostered a phenomenon both in the public mind and academic discourse known as “fear of missing out” or by its acronym FoMO. Historically, and consistent with the “media effects” tradition, hundreds of studies have highlighted the psychological and behavioral dimensions of this construct, noting its negative effects. In opposition to the “effects” paradigmatic studies, we utilize social constructionist mediatization theory and Q methodology as frameworks for audience research that foreground subjectivity and understandings concerning the mediations of FoMO as a sociocultural construct. A total of 37 millennials and post-millennials Q sorted 55 statements resulting in three selfhood factors. Both dominant and counter “hegemonic” accounts were uncovered in the factors, respectively, identified as envy/exclusion, grounded vigilance, and managed vulnerability.
A dynamic model of defective bearing considering the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage
Authors: Tu Wenbing , Yang Benmeng , Yu Wennian , Luo Ya
Published: June 2023

To illustrate the vibration characteristics of the defective bearing more precisely, a dynamic model considering the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage when the roller passes through the defect has been proposed. It overcomes the shortcomings of the previous models in which the roller's and cage's rotational speeds are set as constant values. The proposed model considers the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage when the roller passes through the bearing defect. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model were verified by an experimental study. The motion characteristics, force characteristics, and vibration characteristics, when the roller passes through the defect, are analyzed. In addition, the vibration signals of the roller passing through two different types of defects are studied. The results show that the roller's rotational speed suddenly increases and the fluctuation amplitude of the revolution speed increases when the roller exits from the large defect. The large defect leads to high-frequency unstable collisions between the roller and the defective raceway. In addition, the slip velocity and the friction force between the roller and the raceway intensify the collision amplitude and generate high-frequency components of the vibration signal. They will also lower the frequency of the roller passing through the outer raceway, especially under high speed and light load conditions. The slipping and the restress between the roller and the defected raceway lead to small variations and big shocks in the vibration acceleration signal, respectively. These phenomena demonstrate the necessity of considering the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage in the dynamic model.
Discursive optimism defended
Authors: Lepoutre Maxime
Published: June 2023

This article defends the democratic ideal of inclusive public discourse, as articulated in Democratic Speech in Divided Times, against the critiques offered by Billingham, Fraser, and Hannon. Specifically, it considers and responds to three core challenges. The first challenge argues, notably, that the “shared reasons” constraint should either apply everywhere or not at all, and that, if this constraint is to apply in divided circumstances, its justificatory constituency must be idealized. The second challenge contends that the resistance of hate speech and misinformation to counterspeech cannot adequately be explained by considerations of salience, and therefore cannot adequately by countered (as I suggest) by “positive” forms of counterspeech. Finally, the last challenge objects that the ideal of inclusive public discourse I defend remains, as pessimists allege, excessively idealistic.
Significance Quest: A Meta-Analysis on the Association Between the Variables of the 3N Model and Violent Extremism
Authors: Da Silva Caroline , Trottier Dominique , Amadio Nicolas , Domingo Bruno , Sarg Rachel , Benbouriche Massil
Published: June 2023

Given the pervasiveness of violent extremism all over the globe, understanding its psychological underpinnings is key in the fight against it. According to the Significance Quest Theory and its 3N model, violent extremism (i.e., violent and deviant behavior) is a function of three elements: need, narrative, and network. In the present meta-analysis, to put into test the theory and its model, we aimed to establish the strength of the association between these three elements, as well as the quest for significance itself, and violent extremism; and investigate if these associations are influenced by methodological decisions (i.e., sampling and measurements/manipulations). A literature search was performed through electronic platforms, a call for unpublished or in-press data, and backward snowballing. Seventeen reports, comprising 42 studies, met full inclusion criteria: quantitative studies based on primary data assessing for the association of at least one of the 3Ns, or quest for significance, and violent extremism, and providing sufficient data for effect size extraction. Findings are reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) guidelines. Random-effect meta-analyses rendered statistically significant pooled effect sizes in all the investigated associations. The association is strong for quest for significance, moderate for narrative and network, and low for need for significance. Subgroup analyses demonstrate that the detection of these associations is influenced by methodological decisions concerning the measurements and manipulations, but not by those concerning the sampling. We discuss these findings and suggest future research directions aiming to improve the predictive power of the theory and its model.
Feasibility of Intravascular Lithotripsy for the Treatment of Calcified Supra-Aortic Vessels: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bilman Victor , Rosenthal Eyal , Klemperer Leigh , Rubinstein Chen , Halkin Amir , Sheick-Yousif Basheer
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

To report a case of coronary-subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) due to a history of a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to left anterior descending (LAD) artery coronary bypass (CABG) and a heavily calcified ostial left subclavian artery (LSA) occlusion, that was treated with intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) technique and to summarize the current trends of IVL treatment for supra-aortic vessels.

Case Report:

A 64-year-old woman with progressive intermittent angina pectoris and a history of LIMA to LAD bypass underwent coronary angiography which demonstrated complete ostial occlusion of the LSA. Via brachial access, the patient underwent Shockwave IVL balloon treatment of the LSA and stent-graft implantation. At 9 months follow-up, the patient showed symptoms resolution, and duplex ultrasound (DUS) demonstrated a patent LSA.

Conclusions:

The Shockwave IVL system was demonstrated to be a feasible treatment and justified for selective cases of highly calcified lesions in supra-aortic vessels. The present case report and the literature review, in a total of 47 patients resulted in a high technical procedural success rate, with a low rate of complications. Future studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm these findings and standardize this technology in this particular vascular field.

Clinical Impact

The present study exemplifies a case of recanalization of the left subclavian artery in a patient with coronary-subclavian steal syndrome with a heavily calcified ostial lesion treated with intravascular lithotripsy (IVL). In this paper, for the first time, a review of the contemporary literature on the use of IVL in supra-aortic vessels is reported, elucidating the feasibility of this technique in this vascular territory. Despite the heterogeneous features of the reported cases and the lack of a standardized protocol for the use of IVL in the management of highly calcified lesions of supra-aortic vessels, it was demonstrated to be a feasible technique, with a high technical success rate, being an advantageous tool for heavily calcified supra-aortic lesions.
Building Capacity for Research Ethics Committees in Uganda
Authors: Ainembabazi Provia , Castelnuovo Barbara , Okoboi Stephen , Arinaitwe Walter Joseph , Sebuyira Lydia Mpanga , Parkes-Ratanshi Rosalind , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline
Published: June 2023

Timely communication from Research Ethics Committees (REC) to researchers is essential to meet deadlines. We conducted a capacity building program for REC members, REC and research administrators, and researchers from seven RECs in Uganda in order to improve the research regulatory approval cycle. The training was delivered from March 2020 to July 2021. Trainees were evaluated using pre and post-training tests. There was an increase in the average score from 38% to 53% in pre and post-training test respectively for the personal effectiveness and leadership programme for REC and research administrators. There was an increase in the average score of from 53.9% to 70.1% in pre and post-training test respectively for training on emerging and complex study designs. We achieved shift in knowledge and skills in use of the National Research Information Management System. We recommend regular training of REC members and administrators for efficient review of research protocols.
Chemical Composition of Vitis vinifera Leaves Essential Oil and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract
Authors: Djapic Nina
Published: June 2023

Background/Objective

Vitis vinifera leaves harvested from the developing canes are used in Balkan cuisines. The objective was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) extract of V. vinifera leaves harvested after the flowering of the new vine shoots.

Methods

The V. vinifera leaf oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and SC CO2 extraction. The application of different SC CO2 extraction parameters, determined by the Box–Behnken design, influenced the extraction yield and the chemical composition of the SC CO2 extracts. The optimal extraction conditions were set for the extraction yield and eucalyptol amount. The essential oil and SC CO2 extracts obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results

The most abundant compounds present in the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation were: phytol (11.3%), α-cadinol (8.3%), trans-calamenene (8.2%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.0%), and τ-cadinol (6.6%). The extracts obtained by SC CO2 extraction consisted of twenty five compounds among which the most abundant were: phytol, squalene, eucalyptol, camphene and hexadecan-1-ol. Over the ranges of SC CO2 process parameters studied, those of pressure and extraction time had significant effect on the extraction yield and eucalyptol amount.

Conclusion

The results obtained determined the compounds present in V. vinifera leaves essential oil and SC CO2 extracts which contribute to the flavor and aroma of V. vinifera leaves.
Hearing young children’s perspectives: Reflections on research into left-behind children’s lived experience in Chinese rural areas
Authors: Liang Kaixin , Niland Amanda , Little Cathy
Published: June 2023

Children’s right to be heard is an issue raised in recent years in the Global North, which has also been acknowledged by Chinese researchers currently studying child development and education. However, Chinese researchers still often prefer the perspectives of adults in their research on young children, citing a lack of suitable methodologogy for collecting and interpreting young children’s voices. This article recognises the significance of including young children’s perspectives in research. It discusses how Western methodologies for listening to their perspectives, such as the Mosaic approach, can be adapted for use in Chinese socio-cultural contexts. By reflecting on the first author’s research on the lived experience of leftbehind young children in a Chinese rural area, the article explores the development and implementation of such a methodology. The research findings indicate that the Mosaic approach, alongside phenomenological interviews and other research tools, provided an effective approach that enabled achievement of the research aims. Flexibility and reciprocity in relationships were two key contributors to effectiveness of this approach to research in a Chinese context.
Latex anaphylaxis in healthcare worker and the occupational health management perspective: A case report
Authors: Ngamchokwathana Chatpong , Chaiear Naesinee
Published: June 2023

Latex allergy is a critical occupational health problem in healthcare settings. Exposure to latex can lead to severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. However, in epidemiological studies, occupational anaphylaxis due to natural rubber latex is relatively rare. For this reason, allergic reactions from latex exposure in the workplace may not be well aware and, therefore, lead to delayed appropriate management. We reported a female physician who sought occupational health program counseling for her latex allergic reaction following occupational exposure and her two episodes of latex anaphylaxis during medical-surgical procedures. An occupational health management program (e.g. glove replacement and a bracelet with latex allergy labeling) was established. After the intervention, she rarely experienced any allergic symptoms. Given these points, anaphylaxis can be triggered by occupational exposure to latex; thus, occupational health management is key to preventing and managing latex allergies in the workplace.
The visible body and the invisible organization: Information asymmetry and college athletics data
Authors: Greene Daniel , Beard Nathan , Clegg Tamara , Weight Erianne
Published: June 2023

Elite athletes are constantly tracked, measured, scored, and sorted to improve their performance. Privacy is sacrificed in the name of improvement. Athletes frequently do not know why particular personal data are collected or to what end. Our interview study of 23 elite US college athletes and 26 staff members reveals that their sports play is governed through information asymmetries. These asymmetries look different for different sports with different levels of investment, different racial and gender makeups, and different performance metrics. As large, data-intensive organizations with highly differentiated subgroups, university athletics are an excellent site for theory building in critical data studies, especially given the most consequential data collected from us, with the greatest effect on our lives, is frequently a product of collective engagement with specific organizational contexts like workplaces and schools. Empirical analysis reveals two key tensions in this data regime: Athletes in high-status sports, more likely to be Black men, have relatively less freedom to see or dispute their personal data, while athletes in general are more comfortable sharing personal data with people further away from them. We build from these findings to develop a theory of collective informational harm in bounded institutional settings such as the workplace. The quantified organization, as we term it, is concerned not with monitoring individuals but building data collectives through processes of category creation and managerial data relations of coercion and consent.
Development and initial application of a harmonised multi-jurisdiction work injury compensation database
Authors: Di Donato Michael , Sheehan Luke R. , Gray Shannon , Iles Ross , van Vreden Caryn , Collie Alex
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Workers’ compensation schemes provide funding for wage replacement and healthcare for injured and ill workers. In Australia, workers’ compensation schemes operate independently in different jurisdictions, making comparisons of health service use challenging. We sought to develop and deploy a new database of health service and income support data, harmonising data from multiple Australian workers’ compensation jurisdictions.

Methods

We worked with workers’ compensation authorities from six Australian jurisdictions to combine claims, healthcare, medicines and wage replacement data for a sample of compensated workers with claims for musculoskeletal conditions. We designed a structured relational database and developed a bespoke health services coding scheme to harmonise data across jurisdictions.

Results

The Multi-Jurisdiction Workers’ Compensation Database contains four data sets: claims, services, medicines and wage replacement. The claims data set contains 158,946 claims for low back pain (49.6%), limb fracture (23.8%) and non-specific limb conditions (26.7%). The services data set contains a total of 4.2 million cleaned and harmonised services including doctors (29.9%), physical therapists (56.3%), psychological therapists (2.8%), diagnostic procedures (5.5%) and examinations and assessments (5.6%). The medicines data set contains 524,380 medicine dispenses, with 208,504 (39.8%) dispenses for opioid analgesics.

Conclusions

The development of this database presents potential opportunities to gain a greater understanding of health service use in the Australian workers’ compensation sector, to measure the impact of policy change on health services and to provide a method for further data harmonisation. Future efforts could seek to conduct linkage with other data sources.
Virtual reality for healthcare: A scoping review of commercially available applications for head-mounted displays
Authors: Helou Samar , Khalil Nour , Daou Melissa , El Helou Elie
Published: June 2023

Objective

This scoping review aimed to describe the scope of commercially available virtual reality (VR) healthcare applications for mainstream head-mounted displays (HMD)s.

Methods

A search was conducted during late April and early May 2022 over five major VR app stores using “health,” “healthcare,” “medicine,” and “medical” as keywords. Apps were screened based on their title and description sections. Metadata collected included: title, description, release date, price (free or paid), multilingual support, VR app store availability, and HMD support.

Results

The search yielded 1995 apps, out of which 60 met the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that the number of healthcare VR apps has been steadily increasing since 2016, but no developer has released more than two apps so far. Most of the reviewed apps can run on HTC Vive, Oculus Quest, and Valve Index. Thirty-four (56.7%) apps had a free version, and 12 (20%) apps were multilingual, i.e., supported languages other than English. The reviewed apps fell into eight major themes: life science education (3D anatomy, physiology and pathology, biochemistry, and genetics); rehabilitation (physical, mental, and phobia therapy); public health training (safety, life-saving skills, and management); medical training (surgical and patient simulators); role-playing as a patient; 3D medical imagery viewing; children's health; and online health communities.

Conclusions

Although commercial healthcare VR is still in its early phases, end-users can already access a broad range of healthcare VR apps on mainstream HMDs. Further research is needed to assess the usefulness and usability of existing apps.
Sentiment analysis of tweets and government translations: Assessing China’s post-COVID-19 landscape for signs of withering or booming
Authors: Wang Huan , Wang Xiaohui
Published: June 2023

This article aims to gain insights into the prevailing public sentiment during the policy relaxation period by examining whether the post-COVID-19 landscape reflects signs of withering or booming conditions. Employing methods from natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML), the analysis reveals a predominance of positive sentiment from December 7, 2022 to May 17, 2023, indicative of an optimistic perspective and a potentially flourishing environment. A predictive model based on logistic regression emerges as a notably effective tool for sentiment prediction, suggesting potential utility in predicting future public health crises. A comparison of sentiments in translations by the government aligns with previous research, revealing a less favorable depiction of translated texts compared to the source texts. Furthermore, the commonality index, a measure of group consensus value, surpasses the typical range, while the certainty index, a measure of confidence, slightly falls below the norm. These findings offer valuable insights for policy considerations while highlighting areas for international communication and understanding improvement.
The Unmet Needs of Breast Cancer Navigation Services: Reconciling Clinical Care With the Emotional and Logistical Challenges Experienced by Younger Women with Breast Cancer in a Healthcare Delivery System
Authors: Lunders Chelsea , Dillon Ellis C , Mitchell Diamonne , Cantril Cynthia , Jones JB
Published: June 2023

This study explores the experience of the breast cancer journey for younger women receiving patient navigation services in a healthcare delivery system and any remaining challenges that navigation services may leave unaddressed. In this qualitative analysis, we used a purposeful sampling approach to conduct a semistructured in-person interview with 19 younger women (under 50 years at the time of diagnosis) at various stages of breast cancer treatment and receiving care that included some form of patient navigation services/within the Sutter Health system. Thematic analysis was performed using an inductive grounded theory approach. The patient experience revealed that women receiving navigation services throughout their cancer journey had little concern related to clinical decision-making and treatment. Rather, emotional, and logistical challenges dominate their experience and perceptions of the cancer journey. Managing day-to-day life and the emotional aspects of a cancer diagnosis cannot be disentangled from clinical care. Navigating the emotional and logistical aspects of the cancer journey is an ongoing unmet need for women under age 50, and navigation services can potentially be enhanced to help address these specific needs. Women with breast cancer may benefit from navigation programs focused not only on clinically related challenges but also on recognizing the daily needs of younger women and guiding them through family and job-related obstacles encountered while navigating cancer care. Health systems could enhance existing nurse navigation programs and redesign other aspects of care to focus on meeting these needs.
Use of a Humanoid Robot in Supporting Dementia Care: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Liao Yo-Jen , Jao Ying-Ling , Boltz Marie , Adekeye Olayemi Timothy , Berish Diane , Yuan Fengpei , Zhao Xiaopeng
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Cognitive impairment significantly affects independence in persons with dementia, and consistent supervision is often needed. While interest has arisen in using humanoid robots, such as Pepper, to assist with daily caregiving activities, little is known about the perceptions of using Pepper to assist people with dementia.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the perceptions of nonhealthcare workers, care partners, and healthcare workers on the use of a Pepper robot in dementia care.

Methods

This was a secondary qualitative analysis. Data were collected from a pilot study conducted from November 2020 to March 2021 using an online survey. The survey consisted of quantitative and qualitative questions; this study only focused on the qualitative responses. The detailed procedures and the quantitative results were published elsewhere. Participants included nonhealthcare workers, care partners, and healthcare workers.

Results

A total of 194 participants responded to the open-ended question. Participants described potential benefits of Pepper including assisting with daily activities, monitoring safety and medication use, initiating reminders, and promoting activities and social interactions. Participants had concerns about privacy, cost, poor acceptance/trust, Pepper making mistakes, limitations in environmental navigation and responding to emergencies, misuse of Pepper, and Pepper replacing humans. Participants suggested that Pepper should be tailored to each individual's background, preferences, and functions and recommended improving the logistics of using Pepper, offering more emotional support and responses, and using a more natural appearance and voice.

Conclusion

Pepper may support dementia care; yet some concerns need to be addressed. Future research should consider incorporating these comments when designing robots for dementia care.