bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr virus leader protein enhances EBNA-2-mediated transactivation of latent membrane protein 1 expression: a role for the W1W2 repeat domain
Authors: Nitsche F , Bell A , Rickinson A
Published: January 2020

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded leader protein EBNA-LP is made up of several 66-amino-acid repeats (the W1W2 domains) linked to a unique 45-amino-acid C-terminal sequence (the Y1Y2 domain). This protein is highly expressed along with a second nuclear antigen, EBNA-2, during the initial stages of virus-induced B-cell transformation. While EBNA-2's essential role in transformation as a transcriptional activatory is well documented, very little is known about EBNA-LP function except that recombinant viruses lacking the EBNA-LP Y1Y2 exons show reduced, but still detectable, transforming ability. This was taken as evidence that EBNA-LP plays an auxiliary role but is not essential for transformation. A recent study showed that EBNA-LP could cooperate with EBNA-2 in activating cyclin D2 transcription in resting B cells (A.J. Sinclair, L Palmero, G. Peters, and P.J. Farrell, EMBO J. 13:3321-3328, 1994). Here we report that EBNA-LP can also cooperate with EBNA-2 in up-regulating expression of the major EBV effector protein of B-cell transformation, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). In transient-transfection assays, EBNA-LP enhanced the level of EBNA-2-induced LMP1 expression by 5- to 10-fold in one Latency I Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Eli-BL, and was absolutely required, along with EBNA-2, to induce LMP1 in a second line, Akata-BL. These changes in LMP1 protein expression appeared to be reflected at the transcriptional level. A study of EBNA-LP mutants showed that this cooperative function mapped to the W1W2 repeat domain rather than to Y1Y2. Because a Y1Y2-deleted form of EBNA-LP may therefore retain some aspects of wild-type function, the original data from virus recombinants leave open the possibility that EBNA-LP is actually an essential transforming gene.
Cell and viral regulatory elements enhance the expression and function of a human immunodeficiency virus inhibitory gene
Authors: Ranga U , Woffendin C , Yang Z Y , Xu L , Verma S , Littman D R , Nabel G J
Published: January 2020

Regulated expression of recombinant genes in CD4+ cells is an important objective for gene therapy of AIDS, as these cells represent the principal target for viral replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We report here that specific combinations of CD4 cell-specific and viral regulatory elements can enhance expression of an antiviral gene product. Different viral regulatory elements were incorporated into a previously reported CD4 locus control region to increase the expression of reporter genes in T and monocytic cell lines. The CD4-specific regulatory elements were included to enhance expression in CD4 cells, and viral regulatory regions, including the cytomegalovirus immediate-early (CMV IE) upstream enhancer, which contains the kappa B and Ap1 regulatory elements and a Tat-responsive element of the HIV type 1 long terminal repeat, were used to increase gene expression and modulate its activity in response to viral infection. In transient transfection assays, this vector was 100- to 1,000-fold more active than the original CD4 regulatory elements alone. Expression of an inhibitory form of the Rev protein, Rev M10, was more effective than previously described vectors and protected against productive viral replication in CD4+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The combination of CD4 lineage-specific and viral regulatory elements will facilitate the development of more effective antiviral genetic strategies for AIDS.
Properties of Hamster Embryo Fibroblasts Transformed In Vitro After Exposure to Ultraviolet-Irradiated Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
Authors: Duff Ronald , Rapp Fred
Published: January 2020

An in vitro method which led to the transformation of hamster embryo fibroblasts after exposure to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) inactivated with ultraviolet irradiation is described. The transformed cells (333-8-9) produced tumors when inoculated into newborn Syrian hamsters but not when injected into weanling Syrian hamsters of the same LSH inbred strain. However, after one in vivo passage, the 333-8-9 cells became highly oncogenic in weanling hamsters. No infectious virus was recovered from these cells. Herpes simplex virus antigens were detected in the transformed cells by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Sera from tumor-bearing hamsters contained antibody with highly specific neutralizing activity against HSV-2. These studies indicate the continued involvement of the HSV-2 genome in an oncogenic cell line.
Structure of a Transducing Mycobacteriophage
Authors: Kozloff L. M. , Raj C. V. Sundar , Rao R. Nagaraja , Chapman V. A. , DeLong S.
Published: January 2020

Electron micrographs of the transducing phage I3 for
Mycobacterium smegmatis
strain SN2 revealed a phage with a contractile tail and a head with isometric symmetry and visible capsomeres.
Regulation of λ
rex
Expression After Infection of
Escherichia coli
K by Lambda Bacteriophage
Authors: Astrachan Lazarus , Miller Joan F.
Published: January 2020

The ability of
Escherichia coli
K to support bacteriophage T4rII replication starts to decline at 3 to 6 min after infection by λ. This inhibition appears to depend on expression of the λ
rex
+
gene, since little inhibition was observed following infection by a λ
rex
mutant or by a hybrid bacteriophage λi
434
which lacks a functional
rex
gene. For promotion of the synthesis of
rex
product, cII
+
and N
+
genes are required and can act
trans
, whereas cY
+
, also required, must be
cis
to a
rex
+
gene. These genes presumably play a role in the transcription of the cI-
rex
operon because they are also known to be required for repressor (cI product) synthesis. Functional cIII, O, P genes are not necessary for ample
rex
product synthesis. We also observed full
rex
expression after infection by λ
sus
cI mutants, suggesting that
rex
and repressor are separate gene products and that repressor is not required for inhibition of T4rII replication. We also report experiments with a
rex
mutant that is not leaky when in a lysogen but is sufficiently leaky shortly after infection to cause inhibition of T4rII replication.
In Vitro Translation of Cardiovirus Ribonucleic Acid by Mammalian Cell-free Extracts
Authors: Eggen K. L. , Shatkin A. J.
Published: January 2020

Cell-free extracts prepared from Ehrlich ascites and mouse L cells synthesize viral proteins in response to encephalomyocarditis virus, mouse Elberfeld virus, and mengovirus ribonucleic acid. Although HeLa cell extracts are inactive, their ribosomes are functional in the presence of heterologous supernatant fractions. Synthesis depends upon the addition of adenosine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, an energy-generating system, and 4 m
m
Mg
2+
. Initiation is completed during the first 10 to 20 min of incubation, but chain elongation continues for 1 hr or more. The products are of higher molecular weight than virion structural proteins and resemble polypeptides formed in virus-infected cells during a short pulse. Tryptic peptides of virion proteins and in vitro products are similar for all three cardioviruses.
Comparison of Murine Sarcoma Viruses in Nonproducer and S
+
L
−
-Transformed Cells
Authors: Aaronson Stuart A. , Bassin Robert H. , Weaver Claire
Published: January 2020

The biologic properties of murine sarcoma viruses in nonproducer and S
+
L
−
cells were compared. Each virus was found to be genetically stable through at least two cycles of rescue and transmission to new cells. There was no evidence for production of a defective murine leukemia virus by S
+
L
−
cells. The results are most consistent with the hypothesis that the sarcoma genome in S
+
L
−
cells contains information for replication functions which the virus in nonproducer cells either lacks or does not express.
Hybridization of Rous Sarcoma Virus Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase Product and Ribonucleic Acids from Chicken and Rat Cells Infected with Rous Sarcoma Virus
Authors: Coffin John M. , Temin Howard M.
Published: January 2020

Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-specific ribonucleic acid (RNA) in virus-producing chicken cells and non-virus-producing rat cells infected with RSV was studied by hybridization with the endogenous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) product of the RSV virion DNA polymerase system. By hybridizing the total DNA product with excess virion RNA, the product DNA was separated into hybridized (“minus”) and nonhybridized (“plus”) DNA. The “minus” DNA was complementary to at least 20% of the RNA from RSV which remained of high molecular weight after denaturation. A maximum of approximately 65% hybridization was observed between “minus” DNA and RSV RNA or RSV-infected chicken cell RNA. A maximum of about 60% hybridization was observed between “minus” DNA and RSV-infected rat cell RNA. RSV-infected chicken cells contained RSV-specific RNA equivalent to about 6,000 virions per cell. RSV-infected rat cells contained RSV-specific RNA equivalent to approximately 400 virions per cell. Neither cell type contained detectable RNA complementary to virion RNA. The RSV-specific RNA in RSV-infected rat cells did not appear to be qualitatively different from that in RSV-infected chicken cells.
Effect of Sendai Virus Infection on Lipid Metabolism in Chick Embryo Fibroblasts
Authors: Blair Carol D. , Brennan Patrick J.
Published: January 2020

Lipid metabolism in the “abortive” system, Sendai virus-infected primary chick embryo fibroblasts, was examined by using
32
P-orthophosphate,
14
C-glucose, and
14
C-glycerol as precursors. Incorporation of radioactivity from
32
P-orthophosphate and
14
C-glucose into lipid was increased in infected cells. Synthesis of all individual phospholipids was about equally stimulated. There was also evidence for increased lipid synthesis in more productively infected monkey kidney cells. Incorporation of
14
C-glycerol when at a high level in the medium was also increased. However, when this precursor was supplied in minute quantities of high specific activity, incorporation was inhibited. Even though incorporation of radioactivity from
14
C-glucose was stimulated during long labeling periods, the uptake of this precursor during short pulses was inhibited in infected cells. The phenomenon of increased labeling of triglyceride in infected chick cells under certain conditions is discussed, in conjunction with the other effects, in terms of related changes in other virus-infected systems.
RNA Sequencing Data Sets Identifying Differentially Expressed Transcripts during Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm Formation
Authors: Tram Greg , Klare William P. , Cain Joel A. , Mourad Basem , Cordwell Stuart J. , Korolik Victoria , Day Christopher J.
Published: January 2020

Campylobacter jejuni
is a foodborne pathogen and an important contributor to gastroenteritis in humans.
C. jejuni
readily forms biofilms which may play a role in the transmission of the pathogen from animals to humans. Herein, we present RNA sequencing data investigating differential gene expression in biofilm and planktonic
C. jejuni
. These data provide insight into pathways which may be important to biofilm formation in this organism.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Moderately Thermophilic Actinobacterial Steroid-Transforming Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp.
hirsuta
Strain VKM Ac-666
T
Authors: Lobastova Tatyana G. , Fokina Victoria V. , Bragin Eugeny Y. , Shtratnikova Victoriya Y. , Starodumova Irina P. , Tarlachkov Sergey V. , Donova Marina V.
Published: January 2020

The draft genome sequence of the type strain
Saccharopolyspora hirsuta
subsp.
hirsuta
VKM Ac-666 was sequenced. This moderately thermophilic actinobacterial strain of sugarcane bagasse origin is able to transform different steroid substrates.
Metatranscriptomic Sequencing of a Cyanobacterial Soil-Surface Consortium with and without a Diverse Underlying Soil Microbiome
Authors: Bell Terrence H. , Trexler Ryan V. , Peng Xin , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Foster Brian , Foster Bryce , Roux Simon , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mukherjee Supratim , Reddy T. B. K. , Daum Chris , Copeland Alex , Ivanova Natalia N. , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Pennacchio Christa , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A. , Bruns Mary Ann
Published: January 2020

Soil surface consortia are easily observed and sampled, allowing examination of their interactions with soil microbiomes. Here, we present metatranscriptomic sequences from Dark Green 1 (DG1), a cyanobacterium-based soil surface consortium, in the presence and absence of an underlying soil microbiome and/or urea.
Complete Genome Sequences of Streptococcus mitis Strains Isolated from the Oral Cavity and Urogenital Tract of a Woman and Her Male Sexual Partner
Authors: Mores Carine R. , Price Travis K. , Brassil Bridget , Putonti Catherine , Wolfe Alan J.
Published: January 2020

Streptococcus mitis
is a member of the mitis group of the genus
Streptococcus
, which includes commensal species of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. Here, we report 39 complete genome sequences of
S. mitis
strains isolated from the oral cavity and urogenital tract of a woman and her male sexual partner.
Complete Genome Sequence of Serratia marcescens Podophage Pila
Authors: Melbern Loraine , Broussard Kathryn , Moreland Russell , Liu Mei , Ramsey Jolene , Leavitt Justin
Published: January 2020

Multidrug-resistantSerratia marcescensstrains cause serious nosocomial infections in humans. Here, we present the annotated genome sequence ofS. marcescenspodophage Pila. Similar to its closest relative,Enterobacteriaphage T7, Pila has a 38,678-bp genome, predicted to encode 51 protein-coding genes, and contains 148-bp direct terminal repeats.
Draft Genome Sequence of Megaplasmid-Bearing Staphylococcus sciuri Strain B9-58B, Isolated from Retail Pork
Authors: Neyaz Leena , Karki Anand B. , Fakhr Mohamed K.
Published: January 2020

Here, we report the genome sequence of the megaplasmid-bearing
Staphylococcus sciuri
strain B9-58B, isolated from retail pork. This strain contains a 2,761,440-bp chromosome and a 162,858-bp megaplasmid. The genome contains putative genes involved in virulence, the stress response, and antimicrobial agent and heavy metal resistance.
Rare earth elements in self-shielded flux-cored wires and their effect on the weld toughing of U75V rail steel
Authors: Chen Jia , Ye Jiafan , Gou Guoqing , Gao Wei
Published: January 2020

Self-shielded flux-cored wire is a new type of welding material that has the advantages of outdoor and high-efficiency application, and it has been used widely for rail repair. A self-shielded flux-cored wire with high alkalinity and rare earth elements was taken for research, and the microstructure, inclusions, hardness and the impact toughness were studied. Rare earth elements could eliminate the oxygen and sulfur when they were added into the molten pool. The addition amount has been optimized to the range of 4% in the self-shielded flux-cored wire when used for rail repairing.
Applications of real-time chemical stratigraphy in support of the safe drilling of HPHT wells: examples from the Shearwater Field, Central North Sea, UK
Authors: Atkin Daniel , Vieira Manuel , Taylor Ben
Published: January 2020

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data from a series of high-pressure–high-temperature (HPHT) wells drilled in the Shearwater Field, UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) are presented. These data comprise a total of 789 samples across a series of eight study wells. Chemical stratigraphy was utilized in conjunction with other geological data (i.e. well logs, ditch cutting descriptions and biostratigraphic analyses) to aid real-time stratigraphic placement. Systematic changes in geochemical composition were identified and used to build a chemostratigraphic zonation to aid delineation of lithostratigraphic boundaries.

The application of chemical stratigraphy provided a valuable source of data, particularly through critical ‘drill-in-liner’ sections that are devoid of conventional logging while drilling (LWD) data. The identification of key geochemical zones and provision of a synthetic gamma-ray (Synth GR) profile were utilized in the placement of key casing points and identification of challenging top reservoir picks (Fulmar Formation). These data also served as a backup during LWD tool failure resulting from excessive temperatures. The successive addition of geochemical data accumulated with each well-site exercise permitted continued refinement of the zonation framework, with derived Synth GR profiles exhibiting an extremely close relationship with subsequent wireline logs. Chemical stratigraphic data are shown to be robust and repeatable within the Shearwater Field, enabling close stratigraphic control through critical sections, whilst also providing a low-cost backup in the event of conventional logging tool failures.
Review—Electrochemical Probes and Sensors Designed for Time-Dependent Atmospheric Corrosion Monitoring: Fundamentals, Progress, and Challenges
Authors: Xia Da-Hai , Song Shizhe , Qin Zhenbo , Hu Wenbin , Behnamian Yashar
Published: January 2020

Electrochemical probes and sensors have been developed to detect and monitor atmospheric corrosion of metallic materials in the past 40 decades. Depending on the measurement methods, the electrodes and structures of probes and sensors can be different. Various mathematical methods and models have been developed to determine the time-dependent corrosion rate of metal under thin electrolyte film. Polarization techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization resistance (LRP) have the advantage of easy data interpretation but have a tendency to interfere with the corrosion system under investigation. Nonpolarized techniques such as electrochemical noise (EN) do not disturb the corrosion system but data interpretation can be problematic. To achieve long term and reliable corrosion monitoring, optimized electrode design and a multichannel electrochemical instrument are required. New corrosion models and novel data interpretation methods are needed in future work.
Review—Energy Autonomous Wearable Sensors for Smart Healthcare: A Review
Authors: Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Thireau Jerome , Boudaden Jamila , Lal Swatchith , Gulzar Umair , Zhang Yan , Gil Thierry , Azemard Nadine , Ramm Peter , Kiessling Tim , O'Murchu Cian , Sebelius Fredrik , Tilly Jonas , Glynn Colm , Geary Shane , O'Dwyer Colm , Razeeb Kafil M. , Lacampagne Alain , Charlot Benoit , Todri-Sanial Aida
Published: January 2020

Energy Autonomous Wearable Sensors (EAWS) have attracted a large interest due to their potential to provide reliable measurements and continuous bioelectric signals, which help to reduce health risk factors early on, ongoing assessment for disease prevention, and maintaining optimum, lifelong health quality. This review paper presents recent developments and state-of-the-art research related to three critical elements that enable an EAWS. The first element is wearable sensors, which monitor human body physiological signals and activities. Emphasis is given on explaining different types of transduction mechanisms presented, and emerging materials and fabrication techniques. The second element is the flexible and wearable energy storage device to drive low-power electronics and the software needed for automatic detection of unstable physiological parameters. The third is the flexible and stretchable energy harvesting module to recharge batteries for continuous operation of wearable sensors. We conclude by discussing some of the technical challenges in realizing energy-autonomous wearable sensing technologies and possible solutions for overcoming them.
Review—Chemical and Biological Sensors for Viral Detection
Authors: Ozer Tugba , Geiss Brian J. , Henry Charles S.
Published: January 2020

Infectious diseases commonly occur in contaminated water, food, and bodily fluids and spread rapidly, resulting in death of humans and animals worldwide. Among infectious agents, viruses pose a serious threat to public health and global economy because they are often difficult to detect and their infections are hard to treat. Since it is crucial to develop rapid, accurate, cost-effective, and in-situ methods for early detection viruses, a variety of sensors have been reported so far. This review provides an overview of the recent developments in electrochemical sensors and biosensors for detecting viruses and use of these sensors on environmental, clinical and food monitoring. Electrochemical biosensors for determining viruses are divided into four main groups including nucleic acid-based, antibody-based, aptamer-based and antigen-based electrochemical biosensors. Finally, the drawbacks and advantages of each type of sensors are identified and discussed.
Review—Recent Advancements in Neuroelectrochemistry of Disease Biomarkers
Authors: Lewis Tyra , Lucas Sarah , Martic Sanela
Published: January 2020

This article provides a brief overview of how electrochemical methods are applied in analysis of neurodegeneration biomarkers, their biochemistry and detection. It introduces the basic concepts of solution- or surface-based electrochemical methods to probe self-assembly and aggregation of peptides and proteins. The label-free approach is applied to analysis of neurotransmitters and peptides, such as Amyloid-β and α-synuclein, with inherent redox active amino acids. It also highlights the labeled approaches for detection of enzyme-catalyzed transformations of neuronal proteins, such as tau. Given the flexibility of electrochemical methods, the detection of interactions between metal ions and biomolecules of the brain has also been demonstrated.
Phase-Field Modeling and Simulation of Gas Bubble Coalescence and Detachment in a Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Electrochemical System
Authors: Zhang Zongliang , Liu Wei , Free Michael L.
Published: January 2020

Many electrochemical processes involve gas evolution and bubble generation on the electrodes. Understanding the behavior of bubbles on the electrode surface and in the electrolyte is crucial to the design and optimization of the electrochemical process. Gas bubbles tend to coalesce and detach from the electrode surface once they are formed and as they grow, but these processes have not been investigated and understood well. The phase-field modeling method is excellent at tracking the interface between different phases, and the simulation results can give a precise prediction of the interaction between phases. In this research, taking advantage of the phase-field method, a gas-liquid two-phase model has been constructed to investigate the bubble coalescence and detachment in the electrochemical system. Sophisticated, tiny gas bubble coalescence on and off electrode and the detachment of bubbles from the electrode surface were predicted by the model. The results are helpful for the understanding of these transient processes in the electrochemically generated bubble-liquid system.
Review—The Physics of Recombinations in III-Nitride Emitters
Authors: David Aurelien , Young Nathan G. , Lund Cory , Craven Michael D.
Published: January 2020

The physics of carrier recombinations in III-nitride light emitters are reviewed, with an emphasis on experimental investigations. After a discussion of various methods of measuring recombination dynamics, important results on recombination physics are examined. The radiative rate displays a complex behavior, influenced by Coulomb interaction and carrier screening. Non-radiative recombinations at low and high current are shown to scale with the overlap of electron-hole wavefunctions, similarly to the radiative rate, leading to a compensation effect which explains the high efficiency of III-nitride emitters. Finally, the droop current is decomposed into two contributions: the well-known Auger scattering, and a defect-assisted droop process, which is shown to play an important role in the green gap.
“Olfactory Three-Needle” Enhances Spatial Learning and Memory Ability in SAMP8 Mice
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wang Qiang , Ren Bo , Guo Ting , Qiang Jing , Cao Hui , Gao Yujie , Liu Zhibin , Gao Xinyan , Zhu Bing
Published: January 2020

As one of the most important therapies in complementary and alternative medicine, acupuncture has been used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Acupuncture of “olfactory three-needle” manipulation can improve the cognitive ability of AD patients. However, the mechanism of “olfactory three-needle” in AD remains largely unknown. Here, we identified that the “olfactory three-needle” therapy and eugenol olfactory stimulation both reduced the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein and increased the expression of synaptophysin (SYP), but only the “olfactory three-needle” enhanced the spatial learning and memory ability of SAMP8. Remarkably, the “olfactory three-needle” inhibited the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and the excessive activation of microglia (MG) in the hippocampus. Our study demonstrates that the “olfactory three-needle” enhances spatial learning and memory ability by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and the excessive activation of MG to reduce the neuroinflammatory response and neurotoxicity of Aβ and promote synaptic regeneration, but it was not completely consistent with the stimulation of the olfactory system.
Laminating Fabrication of Bifacial Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Yujing , Zhu Yue , Wang Xiaoxiao , Song Qi , Ji Chao , Zhang Huimin , He Zhiqun , Liang Chunjun
Published: January 2020

Bifacial solar cells based on organic-inorganic perovskite are fabricated with a laminating process. The structure of the devices is ITO/SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3/NiOx/ITO, in which both electrodes are the transparent ITO layer. Therefore, the device can receive light from both sides. By laminating the two half-devices, ITO/SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3/NiOx/ITO, at high temperature with pressure, the merging of the middle perovskite layers is enhanced. The optimized bifacial PSCs show a Voc of 0.85 V, FF of 0.58, Jsc of 17.53 mA/cm2, and PCE of 8.47%. The photovoltaic performance varies when the light is illuminated from different sides of the bifacial PSCs. With illumination from the SnO2 side, the Voc and Jsc of the PSCs are apparently higher than those from the NiOx side, suggesting more severe electron-hole recombination at the NiOx/perovskite interface than at the SnO2/perovskite interface.
The Importance of Derivatizing Reagent in Chromatography Applications for Biogenic Amine Detection in Food and Beverages
Authors: Munir Muhammad Abdurrahman , Badri Khairiahi Haji
Published: January 2020

Biogenic amines (BA) are chemical compounds formed in foods that contain protein, allowing the foods to undergo a bacterial degradation process. Biogenic amines are labeled as toxic food because its consumption exceeding the FDA regulation (50 mg/kg) can be harmful to humans. Some countries also have regulations that prohibit the consumption of biogenic amines in high concentrations, especially histamine. The chromatography methods generally applied by researchers are liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), where the use of a derivatization reagent is necessary to increase their sensitivity. This review is based on past and present studies about biogenic amine detection related to food samples. The rationale of this study is also to provide data on the comparison of the analytical approaches between LC and GC methods. Furthermore, the various approaches of biogenic amine determination and the most applied analytical methods have been reviewed.
Treatment Effects of Upper Limb Action Observation Therapy and Mirror Therapy on Rehabilitation Outcomes after Subacute Stroke: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Wei , Lin Yu-Hsuan , Zhu Jun-Ding , Wu Ching-Yi , Lin Yun-Ping , Chen Chih-Chi
Published: January 2020

Background. Action observation therapy and mirror therapy, two promising rehabilitation strategies, are aimed at enhancing the motor learning and functional improvement of stroke patients through different patterns of visual feedback and observation.Objective. This study investigated and compared the treatment effects of the action observation therapy, mirror therapy, and active control intervention on motor and functional outcomes of stroke patients.Methods. Twenty-one patients with subacute stroke were recruited in this study. All patients were randomly assigned to the action observation therapy, mirror therapy, or active control intervention for 3 weeks. Outcome measures were conducted at baseline, immediately after treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and secondary outcomes included the Box and Block Test, Functional Independence Measure, and Stroke Impact Scale. Descriptive analyses and the number of patients whose change score achieved minimal clinically important difference were reported.Results. Both the action observation therapy and active control intervention showed similar improvements on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Box and Block Test, and Stroke Impact Scale. Moreover, the action observation therapy had a greater improvement on the Functional Independence Measure than the other 2 groups did. However, the mirror therapy group gained the least improvements on the outcomes.Conclusion. The preliminary results found that the patients in the action observation therapy and active control intervention groups had comparable benefits, suggesting that the 2 treatments might be used as an alternative to each other. A further large-scale study with at least 20 patients in each group to validate the study findings is needed. This trial is registered withNCT02871700.
Irisin Improves Autophagy of Aged Hepatocytes via Increasing Telomerase Activity in Liver Injury
Authors: Bi Jianbin , Yang Lifei , Wang Tao , Zhang Jia , Li Teng , Ren Yifan , Wang Mengzhou , Chen Xue , Lv Yi , Wu Rongqian
Published: January 2020

An aged liver has decreased reparative capacity during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A recent study showed that plasma irisin levels predict telomere length in healthy adults. The aim of the present study is to clarify the role of irisin, telomerase activity, and autophagy during hepatic IR in the elderly. To study this, hepatic IR was established in 22-month- and 3-month-old rats and primary hepatocytes were isolated. The results showed that the old rats exhibited more serious liver injury and lower levels of irisin expression, telomerase activity, autophagy ability, and mitochondrial function than young rats during hepatic IR. Irisin activated autophagy and improved mitochondrial function via increasing telomerase activity in aged hepatocytes. Inhibition of telomerase activity by BIBP1532 abolished the protective role of irisin in hepatocytes during hypoxia and reoxygenation. Additionally, this study proved irisin increased the telomerase activity via inhibition of the phosphorylation of JNK during hepatic IR. Administration of exogenous irisin significantly mitigated the inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and liver injury in an old rat model of hepatic IR. In conclusion, irisin improves autophagy of aged hepatocytes via increasing telomerase activity in hepatic IR. Irisin exhibits conspicuous benefits in increasing reparative capacity of an aged liver during hepatic IR.
MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Lei , Feng Tienan , Zhang Weituo , Gao Sumeng , Wang Ruoyang , Lv Wenwen , Zhu Tengteng , Yu Herbert , Qian Biyun
Published: January 2020

Background. Lung cancer is one of the leading diagnosed cancers worldwide, and microRNAs could be used as biomarkers to diagnose lung cancer. hsa-miR-195 has been demonstrated to affect the prognosis of NSCLC (non-small-cell lung cancer) in a previous study. However, the diagnostic value of hsa-miR-195-5p in lung cancer has not been investigated. Methods. To evaluate the ability of hsa-miR-195-5p to diagnose lung cancer, we compared the expression of hsa-miR-195-5p in lung cancer patients, COPD patients, and normal controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of hsa-miR-195-5p. Coexpression network and pathway analysis were carried out to explore the mechanism. Results. We found that hsa-miR-195-5p had lower expression in lung cancer and COPD patients than in normal controls, and the AUC was 0.92 for diagnosing lung cancer. hsa-miR-143 correlated with hsa-miR-195-5p, and by combining these two microRNAs, the AUC was 0.97 for diagnosing lung cancer. Conclusions. hsa-miR-195-5p may act as a biomarker that contributes to the diagnosis of lung cancer and the detection of its high-risk population.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Malignancy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sohal Sumit , Thakur Akhilesh , Zia Aleena , Sous Mina , Trelles Daniela
Published: January 2020

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a disorder of coagulation which is commonly seen as a complication of infections, traumas, obstetric diseases, and cancers especially hematological and rarely solid cancers. DIC may rarely be the presenting feature of an undiagnosed malignancy. It may present in the form of different phenotypes which makes its diagnosis difficult and leads to high mortality. The treatment comprises supportive, symptomatic treatment and removal of the underlying source. Here, we present a patient with history of being on warfarin for atrial fibrillation and other comorbidities who presented with elevated INR of 6.3 and increasing dyspnea on exertion. Over the course of her stay, her platelet counts started dropping with a concurrent decrease in fibrinogen levels. She eventually developed pulmonary embolism, followed by stroke and limb ischemia, which was indicative of the thrombotic phenotype of DIC. Her pleural fluid analysis showed huge burden of malignant cells in glandular pattern suggestive of adenocarcinoma and was started on heparin drip. However, the patient had cardiac arrest and expired on the same day of diagnosis.
Tumor Antigen Heterogeneity: The “Elephant in the Room” of Adoptive T-cell Therapy for Solid Tumors
Authors: Albelda Steven M.
Published: January 2020

A major hurdle to the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy and chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapy is the choice of antigen(s) to target. An article in this issue addresses this by capitalizing on the synergistic effect of pathogen-based immunotherapy and adoptive cell therapy that results in epitope/antigen spreading and enhancement of the endogenous T-cell response against antigens not originally targeted.

See article by Xin et al., p. 7
Os “observatórios de mídia” na encruzilhada dos campos jornalístico e intelectual
Authors: Serra Pedro Paulo Martins
Published: January 2020

A partir dos anos 1990, a produção de discurso crítico sobre a imprensa, já existente na academia, tornou-se uma prática mais organizada, passando a reivindicar a condição de atividade específica. Inspirando-se na abordagem relacional da teoria dos campos, este artigo tem como objetivo a análise comparativa da posição social da crítica especializada ao jornalismo no Brasil e na França. No âmbito desta reflexão, com base na análise de dois veículos de crítica midiática (o Observatório da Imprensa e o Acrimed), buscaremos esquadrinhar, estabelecendo relações com propriedades dos sistemas sociais em que se inserem, as idiossincrasias das trajetórias e os critérios de legitimidade mobilizados por esses agentes.
Walter Garrison Runciman. A teoria das seleções cultural e social
Authors: Nunes Jordão
Published: January 2020

Resenha do livro de Walter Garrison Runciman, A teoria das seleções cultural e social, Petrópolis, Vozes, 2018.
Les plaintes des proches de détenus
Authors: Touraut Caroline
Published: January 2020

L’expérience carcérale élargie vécue par les familles de détenus rend compte de l’emprise des prisons par-delà leurs murs. Les écrits singuliers rédigés par les proches dans le cadre d’un questionnaire diffusé par une association permettent d’appréhender leurs expériences et leurs opérations d’énonciation de la plainte vis-à-vis des prisons. Quelles sont les principales difficultés mises au jour? Comment construisent-ils leur légitimé à énoncer ce qu’ils dénoncent et sollicitent? Les plaintes rendent compte de l’expérience de dénégation. L’invocation d’un cadre juridique, d’une commune humanité et de ses souffrances fait force d’arguments pour revendiquer reconnaissance et droits.
O arquipélago
Authors: Mallart Fabio
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho, tendo como base pesquisas etnográficas realizadas ao longo dos últimos quinze anos, explora as circulações e os confinamentos aos quais são submetidas determinadas populações da cidade, destacando conexões e ressonâncias entre espaços institucionais e determinadas zonas urbanas de São Paulo. Ao mobilizar fragmentos de linhas de vida, que atravessam instituições de acolhimento para crianças, prisões, unidades de internação para adolescentes, Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, manicômios judiciários, zonas como a chamada Cracolândia, entre uma infinidade de outros equipamentos e espaços urbanos, o que emerge no horizonte é a imagem do arquipélago, no qual a prisão é apenas uma de suas múltiplas ilhas – abertas, porosas e ressoantes.
Stabilization of Perivascular Mast Cells by Endothelial CNP (C-Type Natriuretic Peptide)
Authors: Chen Wen , Werner Franziska , Illerhaus Anja , Knopp Tanja , Völker Katharina , Potapenko Tamara , Hofmann Ulrich , Frantz Stefan , Baba Hideo A. , Rösch Melanie , Zernecke Alma , Karbach Susanne , Wenzel Philip , Kuhn Michaela
Published: January 2020

Objective:

Activated perivascular mast cells (MCs) participate in different cardiovascular diseases. Many factors provoking MC degranulation have been described, while physiological counterregulators are barely known. Endothelial CNP (C-type natriuretic peptide) participates in the maintenance of vascular barrier integrity, but the target cells and mechanisms are unclear. Here, we studied whether MCs are regulated by CNP.

Approach and Results:

In cultured human and murine MCs, CNP activated its specific GC (guanylyl cyclase)-B receptor and cyclic GMP signaling. This enhanced cyclic GMP–dependent phosphorylation of the cytoskeleton-associated VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) and inhibited ATP-evoked degranulation. To elucidate the relevance in vivo, mice with a floxed GC-B (
Npr2
) gene were interbred with a
Mcpt5-Cre

TG

line to generate mice lacking GC-B in connective tissue MCs (MC GC-B knockout). In anesthetized mice, acute ischemia-reperfusion of the cremaster muscle microcirculation provoked extensive MC degranulation and macromolecule extravasation. Superfusion of CNP markedly prevented MC activation and endothelial barrier disruption in control but not in MC GC-B knockout mice. Notably, already under resting conditions, such knockout mice had increased numbers of degranulated MCs in different tissues, together with elevated plasma chymase levels. After transient coronary occlusion, their myocardial areas at risk and with infarction were enlarged. Moreover, MC GC-B knockout mice showed augmented perivascular neutrophil infiltration and deep vein thrombosis in a model of inferior vena cava ligation.

Conclusions:

CNP, via GC-B/cyclic GMP signaling, stabilizes resident perivascular MCs at baseline and prevents their excessive activation under pathological conditions. Thereby CNP contributes to the maintenance of vascular integrity in physiology and disease.
Data-Driven Sentence Simplification: Survey and Benchmark
Authors: Alva-Manchego Fernando , Scarton Carolina , Specia Lucia
Published: January 2020

Sentence Simplification (SS) aims to modify a sentence in order to make it easier to read and understand. In order to do so, several rewriting transformations can be performed such as replacement, reordering, and splitting. Executing these transformations while keeping sentences grammatical, preserving their main idea, and generating simpler output, is a challenging and still far from solved problem. In this article, we survey research on SS, focusing on approaches that attempt to learn how to simplify using corpora of aligned original-simplified sentence pairs in English, which is the dominant paradigm nowadays. We also include a benchmark of different approaches on common data sets so as to compare them and highlight their strengths and limitations. We expect that this survey will serve as a starting point for researchers interested in the task and help spark new ideas for future developments.
Shell and appendages variability in two allopatric ostracod species seen through the light of molecular data
Authors: Karanovic Ivana , Huyen Pham Thi Minh , Yoo Hyunsu , Nakao Yuriko , Tsukagoshi Akira
Published: January 2020

Ostracod crustaceans are among the most abundant microfossil animals. Understanding intra- and interspecific variability of their shell is of pivotal importance for the interpretation of paleontological data. In comparison to appendages, ostracod shell displays more intraspecific variability (in shape, size, and ornamentation), often as a response to environmental conditions. Shell variability has been studied with sophisticated methods, such as geometric morphometrics (GM), but the conspecificity of examined specimens and populations was never tested. In addition, there are no GM studies of appendages. We build on previously published high cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) divergence rates among populations of a brackish water species, Ishizakiella miurensis (Hanai, 1957). With landmark-based GM analyses of its shell and appendages, and additional genetic markers (ITS, 28S, 18S), we test if the genetic variability is structured in morphospace. This approach is the core of integrative taxonomy paradigm which has been proposed to bring the gap between traditional taxonomy and other disciplines such as evolutionary biology. The results show that it is the shell shape, and not the shape of appendages, that mirrors the molecular phylogeny, and we describe a new species. Our results suggest that the landmark-based GM studies may be useful in paleontological datasets for closely related species delineation. We implement molecular clock and population statistics to discuss speciation processes and phylogeography of the two congeners in Korea and Japan.
Redescription of Rhipidocotyle jeffersoni (Kohn, 1970) Overstreet & Curran, 2002 (Digenea: Bucephalidae)
Authors: KOHN ANNA , FERNANDES BERENICE M.M.
Published: January 2020

Rhipidocotyle jeffersoni (Kohn, 1970) Overstreet & Curran, 2002 is redescribed, based on the holotype and on additional specimens from the intestine of the type-host Salminus brasiliensis (= S. maxillosus) (Characidae), collected at different dates and from several localities of the Paraná River and the hydroelectric power station reservoir of Itaipu, Paraná State, Brazil. Rhipidocotyle jeffersoni is compared with all other species in the genus to confirm its validity. New morphological data, such as different positions of the ovary, testes and caeca, and the extent of the uterus are presented and considered to be specific variations.
Taxonomic status of Brucepattersonius albinasus (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae)
Authors: VILELA JÚLIO FERNANDO , DE OLIVEIRA JOÃO ALVES , BONVICINO CIBELE RODRIGUES
Published: January 2020

Molecular (cytochrome b) comparisons between topotypical specimens of Brucepattersonius griserufescens and the holotype of B. albinasus, both described from the same locality in southeastern Brazil, reveal a very low estimate of genetic distance, equivalent to those obtained in comparisons between haplotypes of B. griserufescens. Only six variable sites, five transitions and one transversion, were found among the 1040 bp of all haplotypes. These findings, together with a re-evaluation of the morphological characters on which the distinction between the two nominal forms was based, indicate that only one evolutionary lineage is represented, which must bear the name B. griserufescens, with B. albinasus as a junior synonym.
Lithuanian language discourses and family language policies of Lithuanian families in Sweden: A case study
Authors: Bissinger Frederik H.
Published: January 2020

Lithuanian language discourses and family language policies of Lithuanian families in Sweden: A case studyThis case study shares first insights of the family language policy of a Lithuanian family in Sweden. It identifies Lithuanian language discourses that might affect this policy and analyses discourse strategies applied by the family members. The aim is to shed some new light on the negotiation processes of family language policies that either support the maintenance of an ethnic language as the means of intra-family communication in immigrant contexts or, conversely, work against it. Applying a linguistic ethnographical approach, the study indicates that in this case the family language policy is mostly shaped by the mother in a protective and monolingual way in order to foster the maintenance of the Lithuanian heritage in anticipation of an external threat for Lithuanian language and identity. Litewskie dyskursy językowe a polityki językowe litewskich rodzin w Szwecji. Studium przypadkuNiniejszy artykuł przedstawia wstępne uwagi analityczne dotyczące polityki językowej litewskiej rodziny mieszkającej w Szwecji. Autor identyfikuje litewskie dyskursy językowe, które mogą mieć wpływ na jej politykę językową, i analizuje strategie dyskursu stosowane przez jej członków. Celem studium jest nowe spojrzenie na procesy negocjacji rodzinnych polityk językowych (family language policies), które mogą być pomocne w utrzymaniu ojczystego języka jako środka komunikacji w rodzinach emigrantów lub temu nie sprzyjać. Przedstawione badania opierają się na metodach etnografii lingwistycznej (linguistic ethnography) i wykazują, że w tym przypadku rodzinna polityka językowa jest kształtowana głównie przez matkę, jest jednojęzyczna i ma charakter ochronny – jest nakierowana na zachowanie litewskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego w związku z przewidywanymi zagrożeniami zewnętrznymi dla języka litewskiego i tożsamości litewskiej.
O polskim dziedzictwie językowym i kulturowym we wsi Biełostok na Syberii
Authors: Skorwid Sergiej
Published: January 2020

On the Polish language and cultural heritage in the village of Belostok in SiberiaThe village of Belostok is known as one of originally Polish villages in Siberia. As it is today, only one woman in the village (from the oldest generation) still speaks dialectal Polish, and another one remembers Polish prayers. This article attempts to reconstruct the original sociolinguistic situation in the village, including the use of Polish at home, at church and at school. It is based on published documents and interviews with the two villagers recorded in 2016–2017. O polskim dziedzictwie językowym i kulturowym we wsi Biełostok na SyberiiWieś Biełostok (Białystok) na Syberii Zachodniej uważana jest za miejscowość pierwotnie polską. Obecnie tylko jedna osoba należąca do najstarszego pokolenia zachowuje znajomość języka polskiego w ustnej postaci gwarowej; druga, jej rówieśniczka, pamięta polskie teksty modlitw. Artykuł stanowi próbę rekonstrukcji dawnej sytuacji socjolingwistycznej w tej wsi, włączając w to używanie języka polskiego w domu, w Kościele i w szkole, na podstawie opublikowanych dokumentów oraz rozmów z mieszkankami Biełostoku nagranymi w latach 2016–2017.