bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enterobacteriaceae as a Key Indicator of Huanglongbing Infection in Diaphorina citri
Authors: Duan Xing-Zhi , Guo Guo-Sen , Zhou Ling-Fei , Li Le , Liu Ze-Min , Chen Cheng , Wang Bin-Hua , Wu Lan
Published: May 2024

Extensive microbial interactions occur within insect hosts. However, the interactions between the Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen and endosymbiotic bacteria within the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) in wild populations remain elusive. Thus, this study aimed to detect the infection rates of HLB in the ACP across five localities in China, with a widespread prevalence in Ruijin (RJ, 58%), Huidong (HD, 28%), and Lingui (LG, 15%) populations. Next, microbial communities of RJ and LG populations collected from citrus were analyzed via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The results revealed a markedly higher microbial diversity in the RJ population compared to the LG population. Moreover, the PCoA analysis identified significant differences in microbial communities between the two populations. Considering that the inter-population differences of Bray–Curtis dissimilarity in the RJ population exceeded those between populations, separate analyses were performed. Our findings indicated an increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in individuals infected with HLB in both populations. Random forest analysis also identified Enterobacteriaceae as a crucial indicator of HLB infection. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis suggested a potential regulatory role of ASV4017 in Enterobacteriaceae for ACP, suggesting its possible attractant activity. This research contributes to expanding the understanding of microbial communities associated with HLB infection, holding significant implications for HLB prevention and treatment.
Visfatin Facilitates VEGF-D-Induced Lymphangiogenesis through Activating HIF-1α and Suppressing miR-2277-3p in Human Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Song Chang-Yu , Hsieh Shang-Lin , Yang Shang-Yu , Lin Chih-Yang , Wang Shih-Wei , Tsai Chun-Hao , Lo Yuan-Shun , Fong Yi-Chin , Tang Chih-Hsin
Published: May 2024

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that arises from abnormalities in cartilaginous tissue and is associated with lung metastases. Lymphangiogenesis plays an essential role in cancer metastasis. Visfatin is an adipokine reported to enhance tumor metastasis, but its relationship with VEGF-D generation and lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcoma remains undetermined. Our results from clinical samples reveal that VEGF-D levels are markedly higher in chondrosarcoma patients than in normal individuals. Visfatin stimulation promotes VEGF-D-dependent lymphatic endothelial cell lymphangiogenesis. We also found that visfatin induces VEGF-D production by activating HIF-1α and reducing miR-2277-3p generation through the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade. Importantly, visfatin controls chondrosarcoma-related lymphangiogenesis in vivo. Therefore, visfatin is a promising target in the treatment of chondrosarcoma lymphangiogenesis.
Non-Coding RNA as Biomarkers and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer—A Narrative Review
Authors: Bakinowska Estera , Kiełbowski Kajetan , Skórka Patryk , Dach Aleksandra , Olejnik-Wojciechowska Joanna , Szwedkowicz Agata , Pawlik Andrzej
Published: May 2024

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a broad family of molecules that regulate gene expression, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, amongst others. Dysregulated expression of ncRNAs alters gene expression, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. Studies have found that altered expression of ncRNAs may contribute to tumourigenesis through regulating proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance and metastasis. This review describes the potential use of ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, we discuss the involvement of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, including their interactions with the members of major signalling pathways.
Natural Killer Cells Reprogram Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Induce TNF-α Release via NKG2D–Ligand Interaction after Cryo-Thermal Therapy
Authors: You Jiaqi , Wang Shicheng , Zhu Yongxin , Zhang Zelu , Wang Junjun , Lou Yue , Yao Yichen , Hao Yuankai , Liu Ping
Published: May 2024

In our previous studies, a novel cryothermal therapy (CTT) was developed to induce systemic long-term anti-tumor immunity. Natural killer (NK) cells were found to play an important role in CTT-induced long-term immune-mediated tumor control at the late stage after CTT, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells that have potent immunosuppressive effects on T cells and weaken the long-term benefits of immunotherapy. Consequently, overcoming MDSC immunosuppression is essential for maintaining the long-term efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study, we revealed that NK cells considerably diminish MDSC accumulation at the late stage after CTT, boost T cell production, increase T cell activation, and promote MDSC maturation, culminating in Th1-dominant CD4+ T cell differentiation and enhancing NK and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Additionally, NK cells activate ERK signaling in MDSCs through NKG2D-ligand interaction to increase the activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme (TACE)-cleaved membrane TNF-α. Furthermore, Increased TACE activity releases more soluble TNF-α from MDSCs to promote MDSC maturation. In our studies, we propose a novel mechanism by which NK cells can overcome MDSC-induced immunosuppression and maintain CTT-induced persistent anti-tumor immunity, providing a prospective therapeutic option to improve the performance of cancer immunotherapy.
C-Phycocyanin Attenuates Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy via the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in the Cochlea
Authors: Lin Yi-Chun , Shih Cheng-Ping , Lin Yuan-Yung , Lin Hung-Che , Kuo Chao-Yin , Chen Hang-Kang , Chen Hsin-Chien , Wang Chih-Hung
Published: May 2024

The synapses between inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are the most vulnerable structures in the noise-exposed cochlea. Cochlear synaptopathy results from the disruption of these synapses following noise exposure and is considered the main cause of poor speech understanding in noisy environments, even when audiogram results are normal. Cochlear synaptopathy leads to the degeneration of SGNs if damaged IHC-SGN synapses are not promptly recovered. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cochlear synaptopathy. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and is widely utilized in the food and drug industry. However, the effect of the C-PC on noise-induced cochlear damage is unknown. We first investigated the therapeutic effect of C-PC on noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy. In vitro experiments revealed that C-PC reduced the H2O2-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in HEI-OC1 auditory cells. H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells was reduced with C-PC treatment. After white noise exposure for 3 h at a sound pressure of 118 dB, the guinea pigs intratympanically administered 5 μg/mL C-PC exhibited greater wave I amplitudes in the auditory brainstem response, more IHC synaptic ribbons and more IHC-SGN synapses according to microscopic analysis than the saline-treated guinea pigs. Furthermore, the group treated with C-PC had less intense 4-hydroxynonenal and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 staining in the cochlea compared with the saline group. Our results suggest that C-PC improves cochlear synaptopathy by inhibiting noise-induced oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in the cochlea.
Fake User Detection Based on Multi-Model Joint Representation
Authors: Li Jun , Jiang Wentao , Zhang Jianyi , Shao Yanhua , Zhu Wei
Published: May 2024

The existing deep learning-based detection of fake information focuses on the transient detection of news itself. Compared to user category profile mining and detection, transient detection is prone to higher misjudgment rates due to the limitations of insufficient temporal information, posing new challenges to social public opinion monitoring tasks such as fake user detection. This paper proposes a multimodal aggregation portrait model (MAPM) based on multi-model joint representation for social media platforms. It constructs a deep learning-based multimodal fake user detection framework by analyzing user behavior datasets within a time retrospective window. It integrates a pre-trained Domain Large Model to represent user behavior data across multiple modalities, thereby constructing a high-generalization implicit behavior feature spectrum for users. In response to the tendency of existing fake user behavior mining to neglect time-series features, this study introduces an improved network called Sequence Interval Detection Net (SIDN) based on Sequence to Sequence (seq2seq) to characterize time interval sequence behaviors, achieving strong expressive capabilities for detecting fake behaviors within the time window. Ultimately, the amalgamation of latent behavioral features and explicit characteristics serves as the input for spectral clustering in detecting fraudulent users. The experimental results on Weibo real dataset demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the detection utilizing explicit user features, with an improvement of 27.0% in detection accuracy.
A Warm Welcome to the Alps—The Northward Expansion of Trithemis annulata (Odonata, Libellulidae) in Italy
Authors: La Porta Gianandrea , Hardersen Sönke
Published: May 2024

Climate warming has already influenced the distribution, community composition, and phenology of European Odonata. Trithemis annulata had been confined to the southern regions of Italy for over 150 years. In only four decades, it has expanded its range and has recently been observed inhabiting several alpine valleys. A dataset of 2557 geographical distribution data points spanning the years 1825–2023 was compiled using various resources, with the aim to analyse the chrono-story of the expansion of T. annulata. A further aim was to investigate the climatic conditions that best explain its current and future distribution. Over a period of 43 years, the species steadily extended its northern range margin at an approximate rate of 12 km/year. Once it reached the Po Plain, the expansion accelerated to an average speed of 34 km/year. However, its northward shift lagged behind the warming climate as we estimated an average speed of 28 km/year. In the future, the area suitable for T. annulata is expected to significantly increase in Italy. Surprisingly, we did not observe any consistent upward shift. Trithemis annulata has considerably expanded its distribution due to human-induced climate warming. The northernmost populations now inhabit Alpine valleys, potential gateways to central Europe.
Management of Ebstein Anomaly in the Current Era: The Story of One Fetus and the Collaboration of Many—A Case Report
Authors: Kavanaugh-McHugh Ann , Zuckerwise Lisa C. , Killen Stacy A. S. , Morris Emily A. , Sullivan Rachel T. , Alrifai Mhd Wael , Bichell David P. , Smith-Parrish Melissa , Freud Lindsay
Published: May 2024

Collaborative multicenter research has significantly increased our understanding of fetal Ebstein anomaly, delineating risk factors for adverse outcomes as well as predictors of postnatal management. These data are incorporated into prenatal care and therapeutic strategies and inform family counseling and delivery planning to optimize care. This report details the translation of findings from multicenter studies into multidisciplinary prenatal care for a fetus with Ebstein anomaly, supraventricular tachycardia, and a circular shunt, including transplacental therapy to control arrhythmias and achieve ductal constriction, informed and coordinated delivery room management, and planned univentricular surgical palliation.
Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide in the Management of Neuropathic Pain Related to Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Cocito Dario , Peci Erdita , Torrieri Maria Claudia , Clerico Marinella
Published: May 2024

Background/Objectives: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare autoimmune disease. Neuropathic pain (NP), related to peripheral inflammation, is among its earliest manifestations. This preliminary open-label investigation aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (umPEA) in the management of NP. Methods: A total of 14 patients with CIDP, already undergoing immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy, were divided into two groups: Group A received umPEA 600 mg twice daily in addition to Ig for 60 days, followed by Ig alone until the end of the observation (180 days); Group B received Ig alone for 120 days and subsequently umPEA + Ig in the last 60 days of the study. Painful symptom intensity and quality of life were assessed by the Numeric Rating Scale, Neuropathic Pain Symptoms Inventory, and Five Dimensions Health Questionnaire. The safety umPEA profile was evaluated. Results: UmPEA in addition to immunoglobulins allowed for a significant improvement over time in all NP symptoms intensity (p = 0.0007) and in patients’ quality of life (p = 0.0036). Conclusions: This study suggests umPEA as a safe and effective treatment in addition to immunoglobulins to improve NP, ameliorating the patient’s health status. These results highlight the importance of neuroinflammation modulation in the management of CIDP’s painful symptoms, drawing attention to umPEA’s potential use also in neuropathies of different etiologies.
Evaluation of the Effect of Morphological Structure on Dilatational Tracheostomy Interference Location and Complications with Ultrasonography and Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy
Authors: Bulut Esin , Arslan Yildiz Ulku , Cengiz Melike , Yilmaz Murat , Kavakli Ali Sait , Arici Ayse Gulbin , Ozturk Nihal , Uslu Serkan
Published: May 2024

Background: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is the most commonly performed minimally invasive intensive care unit procedure worldwide. Methods: This study evaluated the percentage of consistency between the entry site observed with fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and the prediction for the PDT level based on pre-procedural ultrasonography (USG) in PDT procedures performed using the forceps dilatation method. The effect of morphological features on intervention sites was also investigated. Complications that occurred during and after the procedure, as well as the duration, site, and quantity of the procedures, were recorded. Results: Data obtained from a total of 91 patients were analyzed. In 57 patients (62.6%), the USG-estimated tracheal puncture level was consistent with the intercartilaginous space observed by FOB, while in 34 patients (37.4%), there was a discrepancy between these two methods. According to Bland Altman, the agreement between the tracheal spaces determined by USG and FOB was close. Regression formulas for PDT procedures defining the intercartilaginous puncture level based on morphologic measurements of the patients were created. The most common complication related to PDT was cartilage fracture (17.6%), which was proven to be predicted with maximum relevance by punctured tracheal level, neck extension limitation, and procedure duration. Conclusions: In PDT procedures using the forceps dilatation method, the prediction of the PDT intervention level based on pre-procedural USG was considerably in accordance with the entry site observed by FOB. The intercartilaginous puncture level could be estimated based on morphological measurements.
Analysis of Selected Toll-like Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Advancement of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Smok-Kalwat Jolanta , Mertowska Paulina , Mertowski Sebastian , Góźdź Stanisław , Korona-Głowniak Izabela , Kwaśniewski Wojciech , Grywalska Ewelina
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a significant global health challenge, contributing to numerous cancer deaths. Despite advances in diagnostics and therapy, identifying reliable biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic stratification remains difficult. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), crucial for innate immunity, now show potential as contributors to cancer development and progression. This study aims to investigate the role of TLR expression as potential biomarkers in the development and progression of NSCLC. (2) Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 89 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and 40 healthy volunteers, for whom the prevalence of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 was assessed on selected subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of recruited patients along with the assessment of their serum concentration. (3) Result: Our study showed several significant changes in NSCLC patients at the beginning of the study. This resulted in a 5-year follow-up of changes in selected TLRs in recruited patients. Due to the high mortality rate of NSCLC patients, only 16 patients survived the 5 years. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that TLRs may constitute real biomarker molecules that may be used for future prognostic purposes in NSCLC. However, further validation through prospective clinical and functional studies is necessary to confirm their clinical utility. These conclusions may lead to better risk stratification and tailored interventions, benefiting NSCLC patients and bringing medicine closer to precision.
Changes in Lipid Profiles with the Progression of Pregnancy in Black Women
Authors: Saadat Nadia , Aguate Fernando , Nowak Alexandra , Hyer Suzanne , Lin Anna , Decot Hannah , Koch Hannah , Walker Deborah , Lydic Todd , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Campos Gustavo , Misra Dawn , Giurgescu Carmen
Published: May 2024

Background/Objectives: Lipid metabolism plays an important role in maternal health and fetal development. There is a gap in the knowledge of how lipid metabolism changes during pregnancy for Black women who are at a higher risk of adverse outcomes. We hypothesized that the comprehensive lipidome profiles would show variation across pregnancy indicative of requirements during gestation and fetal development. Methods: Black women were recruited at prenatal clinics. Plasma samples were collected at 8–18 weeks (T1), 22–29 weeks (T2), and 30–36 weeks (T3) of pregnancy. Samples from 64 women who had term births (≥37 weeks gestation) were subjected to “shotgun” Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Mixed-effects models were used to quantify systematic changes and dimensionality reduction models were used to visualize patterns and identify reliable lipid signatures. Results: Total lipids and major lipid classes showed significant increases with the progression of pregnancy. Phospholipids and glycerolipids exhibited a gradual increase from T1 to T2 to T3, while sphingolipids and total sterol lipids displayed a more pronounced increase from T2 to T3. Acylcarnitines, hydroxy acylcarnitines, and Lyso phospholipid levels significantly decreased from T1 to T3. A deviation was that non-esterified fatty acids decreased from T1 to T2 and increased again from T2 to T3, suggestive of a potential role for these lipids during the later stages of pregnancy. The fatty acids showing this trend included key fatty acids—non-esterified Linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid, Alpha-linolenic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Docosapentaenoic acid, and Docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions: Mapping lipid patterns and identifying lipid signatures would help develop intervention strategies to reduce perinatal health disparities among pregnant Black women.
A Mind–Body Intervention to Improve Physical Activity for Patients with Chronic Hip-Related Pain: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Jochimsen Kate N. , Archer Kristin R. , Pollini Robin A. , Parker Robert A. , Enkhtsetseg Nomin , Jacobs Cale A. , Vranceanu Ana Maria
Published: May 2024

Background: Pain and dysfunction persist for most patients following hip-related pain treatment. Additionally, individuals with hip-related pain are typically less physically active than individuals without hip pain, despite evidence that regular physical activity reduces chronic musculoskeletal pain. Poor psychological health is common in patients with hip-related pain and further reinforces low physical activity. Mind–body interventions can improve psychological health and activity levels but have yet to be integrated to provide comprehensive, psychologically informed care for patients with hip-related pain. Thus, we are using the NCCIH intervention development framework to develop Helping Improve PSychological Health (HIPS), a novel, multimodal mind–body intervention to improve physical activity for individuals with hip-related pain and poor psychological health. Methods: We will recruit physical therapists (N = 20) and patients with hip-related pain (N = 20) to participate in 60 min qualitative interviews (focus groups with therapists; one-on-one interviews with patients). Using these data, we will develop the initial HIPS intervention and provider training materials. One physical therapist will be trained to deliver the HIPS intervention to five participants in an open pilot trial. Participants will attend six 30 min HIPS intervention sessions. We will collect quantitative data on satisfaction, improvement, and physical activity, alongside qualitative exit interviews with participants and the physical therapist in order to refine the HIPS intervention and provider training materials. Results: This study has been approved by the MGB IRB. We aim to develop and test the initial feasibility of the HIPS intervention in an open pilot trial. The findings from this project will inform a subsequent feasibility RCT.
Prediction of Failure to Progress after Labor Induction: A Multivariable Model Using Pelvic Ultrasound and Clinical Data
Authors: Novillo-Del Álamo Blanca , Martínez-Varea Alicia , Satorres-Pérez Elena , Nieto-Tous Mar , Modrego-Pardo Fernando , Padilla-Prieto Carmen , García-Florenciano María Victoria , Bello-Martínez de Velasco Silvia , Morales-Roselló José
Published: May 2024

Objective: Labor induction is one of the leading causes of obstetric admission. This study aimed to create a simple model for predicting failure to progress after labor induction using pelvic ultrasound and clinical data. Material and Methods: A group of 387 singleton pregnant women at term with unruptured amniotic membranes admitted for labor induction were included in an observational prospective study. Clinical and ultrasonographic variables were collected at admission prior to the onset of contractions, and labor data were collected after delivery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to create several models to predict cesarean section due to failure to progress. Afterward, the most accurate and reproducible model was selected according to the lowest Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) with a high area under the curve (AUC). Results: Plausible parameters for explaining failure to progress were initially obtained from univariable analysis. With them, several multivariable analyses were evaluated. Those parameters with the highest reproducibility included maternal age (p < 0.05), parity (p < 0.0001), fetal gender (p < 0.05), EFW centile (p < 0.01), cervical length (p < 0.01), and posterior occiput position (p < 0.001), but the angle of descent was disregarded. This model obtained an AIC of 318.3 and an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.76–0.86, p < 0.0001) with detection rates of 24% and 37% for FPRs of 5% and 10%. Conclusions: A simplified clinical and sonographic model may guide the management of pregnancies undergoing labor induction, favoring individualized patient management.
Influence of Electrical Stimulation on the Friction Performance of LiPF6-Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ge Xiangyu , Wu Xiaodong , Shi Qiuyu , Liu Yanfei , Liang He
Published: May 2024

This work studied the influence of the voltage parameters on the friction and superlubricity performances of LiPF6-based ionic liquids (ILs). The results show that the voltage direction and magnitude greatly affected the friction performances of ILs and that macroscale superlubricity can be achieved with a stimulation of −0.1 V. The surface analysis and experiment results indicate that the voltage magnitude influences the coefficient of friction (COF) by determining the types of substances in the tribochemical film formed on the ball, while the voltage direction influences the COF by affecting the adsorption behavior of Li(PEG)+ ions on the ball. At −0.1 V, the cation group Li(PEG)+ adsorption film and FeOOH-containing tribochemical film contribute to friction reduction. The formation of FexOy within the tribochemical film results in an increase in friction at −0.8 V. The limited adsorption of Li(PEG)+ ions and the formation of FexOy contribute to the elevated COF at +0.1 V. This work proves that the friction performances of LiPF6-based ILs could be affected by voltage parameters. A lubrication model was proposed hoping to provide a basic understanding of the lubrication mechanisms of ILs in the electric environment.
Ultra-Fine Bainite in Medium-Carbon High-Silicon Bainitic Steel
Authors: Yu Xinpan , Wang Yong , Wu Huibin , Gong Na
Published: May 2024

The effects of austenitizing and austempering temperatures on the bainite transformation kinetics and the microstructural and mechanical properties of a medium-carbon high-silicon ultra-fine bainitic steel were investigated via dilatometric measurements, microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. It is demonstrated that the optimum austenitizing temperature exists for 0.3 wt.%C ultra-fine bainitic steel. Although the finer austenite grain at 950 °C provides more bainite nuclei site and form finer bainitic ferrite plates, the lower dislocation density in plates and the higher volume fraction of the retained austenite reduces the strength and impact toughness of ultra-fine steel. When the austenitizing temperature exceeds 1000 °C, the true thickness of bainitic ferrite plates and the volume fraction of blocky retained austenite in the bainite microstructure increase significantly with the increases in austenitizing temperature, which do harm to the plasticity and impact toughness. The effect of austempering temperature on the transformation behavior and microstructural morphology of ultra-fine bainite is greater than that of austenitizing temperature. The prior martensite, formed when the austempering temperature below Ms, can refine the bainitic ferrite plates and improve the strength and impact toughness. However, the presence of prior martensite divides the untransformed austenite and inhibits the growth of bainite sheaves, thus prolonging the finishing time of bainite transformation. In addition, prior martensite also strengthens the stability of untransformed austenite though carbon partition and enhances the volume fraction of blocky retained austenite, which reduces the plasticity of ultra-fine bainitic steel. According to the experimental results, the optimum austempering process for 0.3 wt. %C ultra-fine bainitic steel is through austenitization at 1000 °C and austempering at 340 °C.
High-Temperature Cyclic Oxidation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of W- and Ce-Containing 18Cr-Mo Type Ferritic Stainless Steel
Authors: Zheng Jiahao , Feng Yang , Zhao Yang , Chen Liqing
Published: May 2024

Due to the recurrent starting and stopping operations of automobiles during service, their engines’ hot ends are continually subjected to high-temperature cyclic oxidation. Therefore, it is crucial to develop ferritic stainless steels with better high-temperature oxidation resistance. This study focuses on improving the high-temperature cyclic oxidation performance of 18Cr-Mo (444-type) ferritic stainless steel by alloying with high-melting-point metal W and the rare earth element Ce. For this purpose, a high-temperature cyclic oxidation experiment was designed to simulate the actual service environment and investigate the high-temperature cyclic oxidation behavior and microstructure evolution of 444-type ferritic stainless steel alloyed with W and Ce. The oxide structure and composition formed during this process were analyzed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and electron probe X-ray micro-analyzer (EPMA), in order to reveal the mechanism of action of W and Ce in the cyclic oxidation process. The results show that 18Cr-Mo ferritic stainless steel alloyed with W and Ce exhibits an excellent resistance to high-temperature cyclic oxidation. The element W can promote the precipitation of the Laves phase between the matrix and the oxide film, and the small-sized Laves phase can inhibit the interfacial diffusion of oxidation reaction elements and prevent the inward growth of the oxide film. The element Ce can refine oxide particles and reduce the thickness of the oxide film. CeO2 particles within the oxide film can serve as nucleation sites for the formation of oxide particles from reactive elements, and they also contribute to pinning the oxide film, thereby enhancing its adhesion.
Enhancing Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Mass-Manufactured Sand Concrete by Incorporating Granite Powder
Authors: Huang Jian , Xu Guangfeng , Chen Shujie , Yu Demei , Fu Tengfei , Feng Chao , Wang Yulin
Published: May 2024

The production of manufactured sand and stone processing can cause dust pollution due to the generation of a significant amount of stone powder. This dust (mainly granite powder) was collected and incorporated as a cement replacement into mass-manufactured sand concrete in order to enhance the mechanical properties and microstructures. The heat of the hydration was measured by adding the granite powder into the cementitious material system. The mechanical properties, autogenous shrinkage, and pore structures of the concrete were tested. The results showed that the mechanical strength of the concrete increased first and then decreased with the increase in granite powder content. By replacing the 5% cement with the granite powder, the 28 d compressive and flexural strength increased by 17.6% and 20.9%, respectively. The autogenous shrinkage was mitigated by the incorporation of the 10% granite powder and decreased by 19.7%. The mechanism of the granite powder in the concrete was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The porosity decreased significantly within the 10% granite powder. A microstructure analysis did not reveal a change in the type of hydration products but rather that the granite powder played a role in the microcrystalline nucleation during the hydration process.
Physical Analysis and Mathematical Modeling of the Hydrogen Storage Process in the MmNi4.2Mn0.8 Compound
Authors: Belkhiria Sihem , Alsawi Abdulrahman , Briki Chaker , Altarifi Saleh M. , Dhaou Mohamed Houcine , Jemni Abdelmajid
Published: May 2024

The results of an experimental and mathematical study into the MmNi4.2Mn0.8 compound’s hydrogen storage properties are presented in the present research. Plotting and discussion of the experimental isotherms (P-C-T) for different starting temperatures (288 K, 298 K, 308 K, and 318 K) were carried out first. Then, the enthalpy and entropy of formation (ΔH0, ΔS0) were deduced from the plot of van’t Hoff. Following that, the P-C-T were contrasted with a mathematical model developed via statistical physics modeling. The steric and energetic parameters, such as the number of the receiving sites (n1, n2), their densities (Nm1, Nm2), and the energy parameters (P1, P2) of the system, were calculated thanks to the excellent agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Therefore, plotting and discussing these parameters in relation to temperature preceded their application in determining the amount of hydrogen in each type of site per unit of metal ([H/M]1, [H/M]2) as well as for the entire system [H/M] versus temperature and pressure besides the absorption energies associated with each kind of site (ΔE1, ΔE2) and the thermodynamic functions (free energy, Gibbs energy, and entropy) that control the absorption reaction.
Birth–Death Processes with Two-Type Catastrophes
Authors: Li Junping
Published: May 2024

This paper concentrates on the general birth–death processes with two different types of catastrophes. The Laplace transform of transition probability function for birth–death processes with two-type catastrophes is successfully expressed with the Laplace transform of transition probability function of the birth–death processes without catastrophe. The first effective catastrophe occurrence time is considered. The Laplace transform of its probability density function, expectation and variance are obtained.
New Properties of Analytic Functions
Authors: Güney Hatun Özlem , Owa Shigeyoshi
Published: May 2024

In the present paper, we consider the class A¯ of functions f(z) of the form f(z)=z+∑k=1∞a1+k3z1+k3 that are analytic in the open unit disc U. If a1+k3=0 for k≠3n(n=1,2,3,⋯), then f(z) is given by f(z)=z+∑k=2∞akzk. For such functions f(z)∈A¯, some interesting properties for subordinations and strongly starlike functions are given. Also, some interesting examples for the results are shown.
Slime Mould Algorithm Based on a Gaussian Mutation for Solving Constrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Thakur Gauri , Pal Ashok , Mittal Nitin , Rajiv Asha , Salgotra Rohit
Published: May 2024

The slime mould algorithm may not be enough and tends to trap into local optima, low population diversity, and suffers insufficient exploitation when real-world optimization problems become more complex. To overcome the limitations of SMA, the Gaussian mutation (GM) with a novel strategy is proposed to enhance SMA and it is named as SMA-GM. The GM is used to increase population diversity, which helps SMA come out of local optima and retain a robust local search capability. Additionally, the oscillatory parameter is updated and incorporated with GM to set the balance between exploration and exploitation. By using a greedy selection technique, this study retains an optimal slime mould position while ensuring the algorithm’s rapid convergence. The SMA-GM performance was evaluated by using unconstrained, constrained, and CEC2022 benchmark functions. The results show that the proposed SMA-GM has a more robust capacity for global search, improved stability, a faster rate of convergence, and the ability to solve constrained optimization problems. Additionally, the Wilcoxon rank sum test illustrates that there is a significant difference between the optimization outcomes of SMA-GM and each compared algorithm. Furthermore, the engineering problem such as industrial refrigeration system (IRS), optimal operation of the alkylation unit problem, welded beam and tension/compression spring design problem are solved, and results prove that the proposed algorithm has a better optimization efficiency to reach the optimum value.
Kernel-Based Multivariate Nonparametric CUSUM Multi-Chart for Detection of Abrupt Changes
Authors: Qiao Lei , Wang Bing
Published: May 2024

In many cases, it is difficult to obtain precise distributional information on multivariate sequences. Therefore, there is a need to propose nonparametric methods for monitoring multivariate sequences. This article discusses the multivariate change detection problem and utilizes the kernel function as the statistic to construct the nonparametric Multivariate Cumulative Sum multi-chart, under the assumption that there is prior information about the abrupt changes. Through theoretical and numerical analysis, we show that the proposed control chart is more effective compared to other existing control charts. The good monitoring effect of this method demonstrates a strong potential for application.
Optimal Unmanned Combat System-of-Systems Reconstruction Strategy with Heterogeneous Cost via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Li Ruozhe , Yuan Hao , Ren Bangbang , Zhang Xiaoxue , Chen Tao , Luo Xueshan
Published: May 2024

The unmanned combat system-of-systems (UCSoS) in modern warfare is comprised of various interconnected entities that work together to support mission accomplishment. The soaring number of entities makes the UCSoS fragile and susceptible to triggering cascading effects when exposed to uncertain disturbances such as attacks or failures. Reconfiguring the UCSoS to restore its effectiveness in a self-coordinated and adaptive manner based on the battlefield situation and operational requirements has attracted increasing attention. In this paper, we focus on the UCSoS reconstruction with heterogeneous costs, where the collaboration nodes may have different reconstruction costs. Specifically, we adopt the heterogeneous network to capture the interdependencies among combat entities and propose a more representative metric to evaluate the UCSoS reconstruction effectiveness. Next, we model the combat network reconstruction problem with heterogeneous costs as a nonlinear optimization problem and prove its NP-hardness. Then, we propose an approach called SoS-Restorer, which is based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL), to address the UCSoS reconstruction problem. The results show that SoS-Restorer can quickly generate reconstruction strategies and improve the operational capabilities of the UCSoS by about 20∼60% compared to the baseline algorithm. Furthermore, even when the size of the UCSoS exceeds that of the training data, SoS-Restorer exhibits robust generalization capability and can efficiently produce satisfactory results in real time.
Bifurcation Analysis of a Class of Two-Delay Lotka–Volterra Predation Models with Coefficient-Dependent Delay
Authors: Li Xiuling , Fan Haotian
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a class of two-delay differential equations with coefficient-dependent delay is studied. The distribution of the roots of the eigenequation is discussed, and conditions for the stability of the internal equilibrium and the existence of Hopf bifurcation are obtained. Additionally, using the normal form method and the central manifold theory, the bifurcation direction and the stability for the periodic solution of Hopf bifurcation are calculated. Finally, the correctness of the theory is verified by numerical simulation.
Deformation Prediction Model of Existing Tunnel Structures with Equivalent Layered Method–Peck Coupled under Multiple Factors
Authors: Li Yifan , Huang Changfu , Lu Hongjian , Mou Chao
Published: May 2024

The existing tunnel structure, the new underpass tunnel structure and the rock strata in the area of influence of the crossover tunnel are interacting systems that are affected by various factors, such as dynamic and static excavation loads and dynamic and static train loads. The existing theoretical models for the deformation prediction of existing tunnels lack the synergistic analysis of dynamic and static loads on both existing and new tunnels. Based on the theory of the current layer method and Peck’s empirical formula, this paper considers the stiffness of existing tunnels, the stiffness of new tunnels, the loads of excavation methods and the loads of existing tunnels. The results show that a theoretical model for the prediction of the deformation of double-lane highway tunnels underneath existing railroad tunnels with the coupling of the current layer method and Peck under multiple factors is constructed; a modified Peck settlement formula for the base plate of the existing tunnels is put forward; and, through numerical calculations and monitoring data for validation and optimization, it is proved that the theoretical model is applicable to the excavation of tunnels underneath mountainous areas mined by the blasting method.
New Insight into Utilization of Fish By-Product Proteins and Their Skin Health Promoting Effects
Authors: Liu Dongcheng , Ren Yongxin , Zhong Saiyi , Xu Baojun
Published: May 2024

In regions reliant on fisheries for livelihoods, a significant number of fish by-products are generated annually due to processing. These discarded parts contain valuable biological resources, such as proteins, fish oils, and trace elements, thus holding enormous potential for reutilization. In recent years, fish by-product proteins have been widely utilized in skincare products due to their rich collagen content, biosafety, and biocompatibility. This review summarizes the research into and applications of fish by-product proteins in skin health, including alleviating oxidative stress and skin inflammation, reducing DNA damage, mitigating melanin production, improving skin hydration, slowing skin matrix degradation, and promoting synthesis. Additionally, the possibility of improving skin health by improving the abundance of gut microbiota is also discussed. This review underscores the importance of fish by-product proteins in the fisheries, food processing, cosmetics, and biomedical industries.
The Ballynoe Stratiform Barite Deposit, Silvermines, County Tipperary, Ireland
Authors: Andrew Colin J.
Published: May 2024

The Ballynoe barite deposit is a conformable, mineralised horizon of Lower Carboniferous age overlying a diastem and mass faunal extinction demarking the transition from a quiet water environment to one of dynamic sedimentation. The geometry of the barite orebody correlates with the palaeotopography of the footwall, which acted as an important control over the lateral extent, thickness, and nature of the mineralisation. Sedimentary features within the barite horizon suggest that it was precipitated in the form of a cryptocrystalline mud which underwent major diagenetic modification resulting in extensive stylolitisation, recrystallisation, and remobilisation. There is abundant and compelling geological and isotopic evidence for early local exhalation from the presence of a hydrothermal vent fauna consisting of delicately pyritised worm tubes and haematised filaments of apparent microbial origin. The worm tubes are remarkably similar to examples from modern and ancient volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits, and the filamentous microfossils have similarities to modern Fe-oxidising bacteria. Strontium in the barite has an 87Sr/86Sr ratio indistinguishable from seawater between 350 and 344 Ma whilst oxygen isotopes from barite and chert suggest a diagenetic origin in equilibrium with such seawater around 60–70 °C. Fluid inclusion studies have shown that, in general, low temperature inclusions are very saline (20%–25%) whilst at higher homogenisation temperatures they are more dilute (9%–12%).
MOF-Derived ZrO2-Supported Bimetallic Pd–Ni Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Lili , Wang Leyuan , Zang Miaoliang , Li Lei , Zhang Yunkai
Published: May 2024

A series of MOF-derived ZrO2-supported Pd-Ni bimetallic catalysts (PdNi/UiO-67-CTAB(n)-A500) were prepared by co-impregnation and pyrolysis at 500 °C under air atmosphere using UiO-67-CTAB(n) (CTAB: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; n: the concentration of CTAB; n = 0, 3, 8, 13, 18) as a sacrificial template. The catalytic activity of PdNi/UiO-66-CTAB(n)-A500 in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation was found to be dependent on the crystal morphology of the UiO-67 template. The highest activity was observed over the PdNi/UiO-67-CTAB(3)-A500 catalyst which was synthesized using UiO-67-CTAB(3) with uniform octahedral morphology as the template for the 1,3-butadiene selective hydrogenation. The 1,3-butadiene conversion and total butene selectivity were 98.4% and 44.8% at 40 °C within 1 h for the PdNi/UiO-67-CTAB(3)-A500 catalyst, respectively. The catalyst of PdNi/UiO-67-CTAB(3)-A500 can be regenerated in flowing N2 at 200 °C. Carbon deposited on the surface of the catalyst was the main reason for its deactivation. This work is valuable for the high-efficiency bimetallic catalyst’s development on the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene.
Increased Prolylcarboxypeptidase Expression Can Serve as a Biomarker of Senescence in Culture
Authors: Boullard Nicholas Glen , Paris Jason J. , Shariat-Madar Zia , Mahdi Fakhri
Published: May 2024

Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP, PCP, Lysosomal Pro-X-carboxypeptidase, Angiotensinase C) controls angiotensin- and kinin-induced cell signaling. Elevation of PRCP appears to be activated in chronic inflammatory diseases [cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes] in proportion to severity. Vascular endothelial cell senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction have consistently been shown in models of CVD in aging. Cellular senescence, a driver of age-related dysfunction, can differentially alter the expression of lysosomal enzymes due to lysosomal membrane permeability. There is a lack of data demonstrating the effect of age-related dysfunction on the expression and function of PRCP. To explore the changes in PRCP, the PRCP-dependent prekallikrein (PK) pathway was characterized in early- and late-passage human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs). Detailed kinetic analysis of cells treated with high molecular weight kininogen (HK), a precursor of bradykinin (BK), and PK revealed a mechanism by which senescent HPAECs activate the generation of kallikrein upon the assembly of the HK–PK complex on HPAECs in parallel with an upregulation of PRCP and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and NO formation. The NO production and expression of both PRCP and eNOS increased in early-passage HPAECs and decreased in late-passage HPAECs. Low activity of PRCP in late-passage HPAECs was associated with rapid decreased telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA levels. We also found that, with an increase in the passage number of HPAECs, reduced PRCP altered the respiration rate. These results indicated that aging dysregulates PRCP protein expression, and further studies will shed light into the complexity of the PRCP-dependent signaling pathway in aging.
Enhancing Cr (VI) Adsorption of Chestnut Shell Biochar through H3PO4 Activation and Nickel Doping
Authors: Hu Wen , Zhang Xiaojing , Chen Ming , Rahman Sheikh Tamjidur , Li Xin , Wang Geming
Published: May 2024

A high-efficiency nickel-doped porous biochar (PCNi3) has been successfully synthesized from chestnut shell waste via a two-step chemical activation treatment with H3PO4. The influences of microstructure, surface morphology, elemental composition, surface functional groups, specific surface area, porosity, pore-size distribution, and chemical properties of the surface state on the removal of Cr (VI) from water were thoroughly investigated by using XRD, FESEM, FTIR, Raman, BET, and XPS testing methods, N2 adsorption, and XPS testing techniques respectively. The results indicate that the treatment of H3PO4 activation and nickel doping can effectively improve microstructure characteristics, thus promoting Cr (VI) adsorption capacity. The effects of initial solution pH, solution concentration, time, and temperature on remediation are revealed. The Cr (VI) uptake experiments imply that the adsorption curves of PCNi3 fit well with the Freundlich model, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the Elovich model. The adsorption process of PCNi3 can be regarded as a spontaneous endothermic reaction limited by diffusion among particles and porosity. The adsorption mechanisms of PCNi3 are ion exchange, complexation, electrostatic adsorption, and coprecipitation with the assistance of surface active sites, porosity, Ni0 particles, and Ni7P3. With these advantages, PCNi3 reveals an extraordinary Cr (VI) removal capacity and a strong ability to reduce Cr (VI) to Cr (III).