bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns of some trace elements in four Swedish stream networks
Authors: Temnerud J. , Düker A. , Karlsson S. , Allard B. , Bishop K. , Fölster J. , Köhler S.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Four river basins in southern Sweden, with catchment sizes from 0.3 to 127 km2 (median 1.9), were sampled in October~2007. The 243 samples were analysed for 26 trace elements (Ag, As, Au, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, La, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, Ti, U, V and Zn) to identify spatial patterns within drainage networks. The range and median of each element were defined for different stream orders, and relationships to catchment characteristics, including deposition history, were explored. The sampling design made it possible to compare the differences along 40 stream reaches, above and below 53 stream junctions with 107 tributaries and between the 77 inlets and outlets of 36 lakes. The largest concentration differences (at reaches, junctions and lakes) were observed for lakes, with outlets usually having lower concentration compared to the inlets for As, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ga, Ge, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, Tl, U, V and Zn. Significantly lower concentrations were observed for Cd and Co when comparing headwaters with downstream sites in each catchment. Common factor analysis (FA) revealed that As, Bi, Cr, Ga, Ge, Tl and V co-vary positively with Al, Fe and total organic carbon (TOC) and negatively with La, Li and pH. The strong removal of a large number of trace elements when passing through lakes is evident though in the FA, where lake surface coverage plots opposite to many of those elements. Forest volume does not respond in a similar systematic fashion and, surprisingly, the amount of wetland does not relate strongly to either Fe or TOC at any of the rivers. A better understanding of the quantitative removal of organic carbon and iron will aid in understanding trace element fluxes from landscapes rich in organic matter and iron.
Ocean Colour remote sensing in the Southern Laptev Sea: evaluation and applications
Authors: Heim B. , Abramova E. , Doerffer R. , Günther F. , Hölemann J. , Kraberg A. , Lantuit H. , Loginova A. , Martynov F. , Overduin P. P. , Wegner C.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Enhanced permafrost warming and increased arctic river discharges have heightened concern about the input of terrigeneous matter into Arctic coastal waters. We used optical operational satellite data from the Ocean Colour sensor MERIS onboard the ENVISAT satellite mission for synoptic monitoring of the pathways of terrigeneous matter in the southern Laptev Sea. MERIS satellite data from 2006 on to 2011 were processed using the Case2Regional Processor, C2R, installed in the open-source software ESA BEAM-VISAT. Since optical remote sensing using Ocean Colour satellite data has seen little application in Siberian Arctic coastal and shelf waters, we assess the applicability of the calculated MERIS parameters with surface water sampling data from the Russian-German ship expeditions LENA2010 and TRANSDRIFT-XVII taking place in August and September 2010 in the southern Laptev Sea. The surface waters of the southern Laptev Sea are characterized by low transparencies, due to turbid river water input, terrestrial input by coastal erosion, resuspension events and, therefore, high background concentrations of Suspended Particulate Matter, SPM, and coloured Dissolved Organic Matter, cDOM. The mapped calculated optical water parameters, such as the first attenuation depth, Z90, the attenuation coefficient, k, and Suspended Particulate Matter, SPM, visualize resuspension events that occur in shallow coastal and shelf waters indicating vertical mixing events. The mapped optical water parameters also visualize that the hydrography of the Laptev Sea is dominated by frontal meanders with amplitudes up to 30 km and eddies and filaments with diameters up to 100 km that prevail throughout the ice-free season. The meander crests, filaments and eddy-like structures that become visible through the mapped MERIS C2R parameters indicate enhanced vertical and horizontal transport energy for the transport of terrigenous and living biological matter in the surface waters during the ice-free season.
Inter-shelf nutrient transport from the East China Sea as a major nutrient source supporting winter primary production on the northeast South China Sea shelf
Authors: Han A. , Dai M. , Gan J. , Kao S.-J. , Zhao X. , Jan S. , Li Q. , Lin H. , Chen C.-T. A. , Wang L. , Hu J. , Wang L. , Gong F.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS) are two major marginal seas of the north Pacific with distinct seasonal primary productivity. Based upon field observation in December 2008–January 2009 covering both the ECS and the northern SCS (NSCS) in wintertime, we examined southward long-range nutrient-transport from the ECS to the northeast SCS (NESCS) carried by the China Coastal Current (CCC) driven by the northeast prevailing monsoon. These nutrients escaped from the cold ECS shelf to refuel the primary production on the NESCS shelf where river-sourced nutrients were limited yet water temperature remained favorable. By coupling the field observation of nitrate + nitrite (DIN) with the volume transport of the CCC, we derived a first order estimate of DIN flux of ~ 1430 ± 260 mol s−1. This DIN flux was ~ 7 times the wintertime DIN input from the Pearl River, a primary riverine nutrient source to the NSCS. By assuming DIN was the limiting nutrient, such southward DIN transport would have stimulated ~ 8.8 ± 1.6 × 1011 gC of new production (NP), accounting for ~ > 58 ± 10% of the total NP or ~ 38 ± 7–24 ± 4% of primary production on the NESCS shelf shallower than 100 m.
Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease
Authors: Zhang R. , Duhl T. , Salam M. T. , House J. M. , Flagan R. C. , Avol E. L. , Gilliland F. D. , Guenther A. , Chung S. H. , Lamb B. K. , VanReken T. M.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Exposure to bioaerosol allergens such as pollen can cause exacerbations of allergenic airway disease (AAD) in sensitive populations, and thus cause serious public health problems. Assessing these health impacts by linking the airborne pollen levels, concentrations of respirable allergenic material, and human allergenic response under current and future climate conditions is a key step toward developing preventive and adaptive actions. To that end, a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework was developed that treats allergenic pollens as non-reactive tracers within the WRF/CMAQ air-quality modeling system. The Simulator of the Timing and Magnitude of Pollen Season (STaMPS) model was used to generate a daily pollen pool that can then be emitted into the atmosphere by wind. The STaMPS is driven by species-specific meteorological (temperature and/or precipitation) threshold conditions and is designed to be flexible with respect to its representation vegetation species and plant functional types (PFTs). The hourly pollen emission flux was parameterized by considering the pollen pool, friction velocity, and wind threshold values. The dry deposition velocity of each species of pollen was estimated based on pollen grain size and density. An evaluation of the pollen modeling framework was conducted for southern California for the period from March to June 2010. This period coincided with observations by the University of Southern California's Children's Health Study (CHS), which included O3, PM2.5, and pollen count, as well as measurements of exhaled nitric oxide in study participants. Two nesting domains with horizontal resolutions of 12 km and 4 km were constructed, and six representative allergenic pollen genera were included: birch tree, walnut tree, mulberry tree, olive tree, oak tree, and brome grasses. Under the current parameterization scheme, the modeling framework tends to underestimate walnut and peak oak pollen concentrations, and tends to overestimate grass pollen concentrations. The model shows reasonable agreement with observed birch, olive, and mulberry tree pollen concentrations. Sensitivity studies suggest that the estimation of the pollen pool is a major source of uncertainty for simulated pollen concentrations. Achieving agreement between emission modeling and observed pattern of pollen releases is the key for successful pollen concentration simulations.
A reconstruction of radiocarbon production and total solar irradiance from the Holocene 14C and CO2 records: implications of data and model uncertainties
Authors: Roth R. , Joos F.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Past atmospheric CO2 concentrations reconstructed from polar ice cores combined with its Δ14C signature as conserved in tree-rings provide important information both on the cycling of carbon as well as the production of radiocarbon (Q) in the atmosphere. The latter is modulated by changes in the strength of the magnetic field enclosed in the solar wind and is a proxy for past changes in solar activity. We perform transient carbon-cycle simulations spanning the past 21 kyr using Bern3D-LPX, a fully featured Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity (EMIC) with a 3-D ocean, sediment and a dynamic vegetation model. Using the latest atmospheric IntCal09/SHCal04 radiocarbon records, we reconstruct the Holocene radiocarbon fluxes and the total production rate. Our carbon-cycle based modern estimate of Q ≈ 1.7 atoms cm−2 s−1 is lower than previously reported by Masarik and Beer (2009) and more in line with Kovaltsov et al. (2012). Q is then translated into the solar modulation potential (Φ) using the latest geomagnetic field reconstruction and linked to a recent reanalysis of early instrumental data. In contrast to earlier reconstructions, our record suggests that periods of high solar activity (>600 MeV) were quite common not only in recent millennia but throughout the Holocene. Solar activity in our decadally-smoothed record is during 28% of the time higher than the modern average of 650 MeV during the past 9 ka. But due to considerable uncertainties in the normalization of Φ to instrumental data, the absolute value of Φ remains weakly constrained. Further, our simulations with a spatially resolved model (taking the interhemispheric Δ14C gradient into account) show that reconstructions that rely on the Northern Hemisphere 14C record only are biased towards low values during the Holocene. Notable deviations on decadal-to-centennial time scales are also found in comparison with earlier reconstructions. In a last step, past total solar irradiance (TSI) is quantified using a recently published Φ-TSI relationship yielding small changes in Holocene TSI of order 1 W m−2 with a Maunder Minimum irradiance reduction of 0.85 ± 0.17 W m−2. Future extension of TSI using autoregressive modeling suggest a declining solar activity in the next decades towards average Holocene conditions. Past TSI changes are finally translated into changes in surfaces atmospheric temperature (SAT) by forcing the Bern3D-LPX model with our new TSI record, yielding SAT anomalies of less than 0.1 K.
Denying Difference to the Post-Socialist Other: Bernhard Heisig and the Changing Reception of an East German Artist
Authors: Eisman April A.
Published: March 2013

This article traces the reception of East German artist Bernhard Heisig’s life and art—first in East Germany and then in the Federal Republic of Germany before and after the Wall. Drawing on post-colonial and post-socialist scholarship, it argues that Heisig’s reception exemplifies a western tendency to deny cultural and ideological difference in what the post-socialist scholar Piotr Piotrowski calls the “close Other.” This denial of difference to artists from the eastern bloc has shaped western understandings of Heisig’s life and art since reunification. Once perceived as an intellectually engaged, political artist, both in East and West Germany, after the fall of the Wall and German unification, Heisig was reinterpreted as a traumatized victim of two dictatorships, distorting not only our understanding of the artist and his work, but also of the nature of art and the role of the artist in East Germany.
Spiral Betty
Authors: . Henry VIII's Wives
Published: March 2013

For more information on this video, see the interview Brianne Cohen conducted with Lucy Skaer of Henry VIII's Wives in this issue of Contemporaneity.
The Returning Officer
Authors: . Henry VIII's Wives
Published: March 2013

For more information on this video, see the interview Brianne Cohen conducted with Lucy Skaer of Henry VIII's Wives in this issue of Contemporaneity.
Morphological, biochemical and sensory characteristics of black mulberry fruits (Morus nigra L.)
Authors: Brindza Ján , Kucelová Lucia , Sinica Andrej , Stehlí­ková Beáta , Čuláková Marcela
Published: March 2013

This work aimed at the morphological, biochemical, technological and sensorial determination of black mulberry (Morus nigra L. – MN)  fruitage and their utilization in the food production branches. For the experimental purposes were selected 50 genotypes of this population grown in the Pukanec surroundings. The medium fruitage weight determined in the selected collection ranged from 7.26 g (MN-1) to 1.42 g (MN-14), fruitage length in a range of 13.51 mm (MN-14) to 29.20 mm (MN-12) and the medium fruitage width  11.88 mm (MN-14) – 21.12 mm (MN-2). The variability of the evaluated traits varried from low to high degree. Juice yield from matured fruitage achieved 62.40 %. From black mulberry fruitages 16 food products were prepared – juice mixed with cream, yoghurt and/or curd (in several proportions) and 3 confectionery products. Sensorial analyses showed significant differences among tested products. In the group of confectionery products was generally preferred the cream-mulberry cake. High values of antioxidative activity has been measured in the chocolate cake with a mulberry jam (36.90 – 28.43 %), followed by the cream-mulberry cake (29.78 – 12.71 %) and the fresh mulberry juice (30.97 – 20.17 %). The antioxidation activities exerted generally higher values with the samples tested in water, when compared with those prepared in ethanol extract. Based on the gained results 4 genotypes were selected and recommended for the use in practice, as these provided relative high values of tested traits.
A Preliminary Study on the Effects of Hyperosmotic Stress on Plasma Levels of Thyroid Hormones in Male Catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Suchiang P. , Gupta B. B. P.
Published: March 2013

Male air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus were exposed to hyperosmolar mannitol solution (250 mM) to determine its effect on the plasma levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) during the winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons. During the winter season, hyperosmolar mannitol solution significantly increased the plasma levels of T4 throughout the duration of exposure, whereas the plasma T3 levels significantly increased only at 12-48 h. During the spring season, significant decreases in the plasma levels of T4 were observed only at 12 and 48 h, and significant increases in the plasma levels of T3 were observed only at 6-24 h. During the summer season, the plasma levels of T4 significantly increased at 6 h and decreased at 24-48 h, while the plasma levels of T3 significantly increased only at 6 and 24 h. During the autumn season, the plasma levels of T4 significantly increased at 6, 12 and 48 h and the plasma levels of T3 significantly decreased at 6, 24 and 48 h. These results indicate the season-dependent and differential effects of the hyperosmolar mannitol solution on the plasma levels of thyroid hormones in Clarias gariepinus.
Multiple Kernel Learning in Fisher Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition
Authors: Liu Xiao-Zhang , Feng Guo-Can
Published: March 2013

Recent applications and developments based on support vector machines (SVMs) have shown that using multiple kernels instead of a single one can enhance classifier performance. However, there are few reports on performance of the kernel-based Fisher discriminant analysis (kernel-based FDA) method with multiple kernels. This paper proposes a multiple kernel construction method for kernel-based FDA. The constructed kernel is a linear combination of several base kernels with a constraint on their weights. By maximizing the margin maximization criterion (MMC), we present an iterative scheme for weight optimization. The experiments on the FERET and CMU PIE face databases show that, our multiple kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (MKFD) achieves high recognition performance, compared with single-kernel-based FDA. The experiments also show that the constructed kernel relaxes parameter selection for kernel-based FDA to some extent.
Movement Detection Based on Dense Optical Flow for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Maier Josef , Humenberger Martin
Published: March 2013

In this paper we present a novel computer vision-based movement detection algorithm which can be used for applications, such as human detection with unmanned aerial vehicles. The algorithm uses the deviation of all pixels from the anticipated geometry between 2 or more succeeding images to distinguish between moving and static scenes. This assumption is valid because only pixels which correspond to moving objects can violate the epipolar geometry. For the estimation of the fundamental matrix we present a new method for rejecting outliers which has, contrary to RANSAC, a predictable runtime and still delivers reliable results. To determine movement, especially in difficult areas, we introduce a novel local adaptive threshold method, a combined temporal smoothing strategy and further outlier elimination techniques. All this leads to promising results where more than 60% of all moving persons in our own recorded test set have been detected.
Multi-Robot Remote Interaction with FS-MAS
Authors: Jiang Yunliang , Zhang Xiongtao , Tang Liang , Liu Weicong , Fan Jing , Liu Yong
Published: March 2013

The need to reduce bandwidth, improve productivity, autonomy and the scalability in multi-robot teleoperation has been recognized for a long time. In this article we propose a novel finite state machine mobile agent based on the network interaction service model, namely FS-MAS. This model consists of three finite state machines, namely the Finite State Mobile Agent (FS-Agent), which is the basic service module. The Service Content Finite State Machine (Content-FS), using the XML language to define workflow, to describe service content and service computation process. The Mobile Agent computation model Finite State Machine (MACM-FS), used to describe the service implementation. Finally, we apply this service model to the multi-robot system, the initial realization completing complex tasks in the form of multi-robot scheduling. This demonstrates that the robot has greatly improved intelligence, and provides a wide solution space for critical issues such as task division, rational and efficient use of resource and multi-robot collaboration.
Adaptive Formation Control and Collision Avoidance Using a Priority Strategy for Nonholonomic Mobile Robots
Authors: Dai Yanyan , Choi Kyung Sik , Lee Suk Gyu
Published: March 2013

This paper presents four novel collision avoidance processes for nonholonomic mobile robots to generate effective collision-free trajectories when forming and maintaining a formation. A collision priority strategy integrates the static and dynamic collision priorities to avoid a collision efficiently and effectively. In addition, it minimizes the turning angle of the follower robot and decreases system computation time. When avoiding collisions between robots, a novel collision avoidance algorithm is used to find a safe waypoint for the robot, based on the velocity of each robot. An adaptive tracking control algorithm, using the Lyapunov analysis, guarantees that the robot's trajectory and velocity tracking errors converge to zero considering parametric uncertainties of both the kinematic and dynamic models. The simulation and experiment results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Biologically Inspired Self-Stabilizing Control for Bipedal Robots
Authors: Yang Woosung , Kim Hyungjoo , You Bum Jae
Published: March 2013

Despite recent major advances in computational power and control algorithms, the stable and robust control of a bipedal robot is still a challenging issue due to the complexity and high nonlinearity of robot dynamics. To address the issue an efficient and powerful alternative based on a biologically inspired control framework employing neural oscillators is proposed and tested. In a numerical test the virtual force controller combined with the neural oscillator of a humanoid robot generated rhythmic control signals and stable bipedal locomotion when coupled with proper impedance components. The entrainment nature inherent to neural oscillators also achieved stable and robust walking even in the presence of unexpected disturbances, in that the centre of mass (COM) was successfully kept in phase with the zero moment point (ZMP) input trajectory. The efficiency of the proposed control scheme is discussed alongside simulation results.
Decision-Theoretical Navigation of Service Robots Using POMDPs with Human-Robot Co-Occurrence Prediction
Authors: Qian Kun , Ma Xudong , Dai Xianzhong , Fang Fang , Zhou Bo
Published: March 2013

To improve the natural human-avoidance skills of service robots, a human motion predictive navigation method is proposed, namely PN-POMDP. A human-robot motion co-occurrence estimation algorithm is proposed which incorporates long-term and short-term human motion prediction. To improve the reliability of probabilistic and predictive navigation, the POMDP model is utilized to generate navigation control policies through theoretically optimal decisions. A layered motion control structure is proposed that combines global path planning and reactive avoidance. Multiple comity policies are integrated with a decision-making module that generates efficient and human-compliant navigational behaviours for robots. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness and reliability of the predictive navigation method.
How to Select Knowledge Management Systems: A Framework to Support Managers
Authors: Greco Marco , Grimaldi Michele , Hanandi Musadaq
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodological framework which could support managers in the selection of Knowledge Management Systems. The framework is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process approach. Several aspects should draw the attention of an organization's upper level of management seeking to implement a Knowledge Management System and many specific issues have to be considered. As such, the framework has been built by making use of an ad-hoc hierarchical structure, where each singular specificity is described and compared, second-order criteria are studied and analysed, and optional decisions are highlighted and evaluated. This methodological framework offers a good applicability to different business contexts, since its hierarchical arrangement suits most of the needs of numerous organizations. Consequently, it can be regarded as a holistic approach able to assist decision makers in their Knowledge Management System selection process.
Lot Sizing Heuristics Performance
Authors: Baciarello Luca , D'Avino Marco , Onori Riccardo , Schiraldi Massimiliano M.
Published: March 2013

Each productive system manager knows that finding the optimal trade-off between reducing inventory and decreasing the frequency of production/replenishment orders allows a great cut-back in operations costs. Several authors have focused their contributions, trying to demonstrate that among the various dynamic lot sizing rules there are big differences in terms of performance, and that these differences are not negligible. In this work, eight of the best known lot sizing algorithms have been described with a unique modelling approach and have then been exhaustively tested on several different scenarios, benchmarking versus Wagner and Whitin's optimal solution. As distinct from the contributions in the literature, the operational behaviour has been evaluated in order to determine which one is more suitable to the characteristics of each scenario.
Preliminary Evaluation of Intelligent Intention Estimation Algorithms for an Actuated Lower-Limb Exoskeleton
Authors: Chandrapal Mervin , Chen XiaoQi , Wang Wenhui , Stanke Benjamin , Pape Nicolas Le
Published: March 2013

This paper describes the experimental testing of an actuated lower-limb exoskeleton. The exoskeleton is designed to alleviate the loading at the knee joint by supplying assistive torque. It is hypothesized that the support provided will reduce the muscular effort required to perform activities of daily living and thus facilitate the execution of these movements by those who previously had limited mobility. The exoskeleton is actuated by four pneumatic artificial muscles, each providing 150N of pulling force to assist in the flexion and extension of the knee joint. The exoskeleton system estimates the user's intended motion using muscle activity information recorded from five thigh muscles, together with the knee angle. To experimentally evaluate the performance of the device, the exoskeleton was worn by an able-bodied user, whilst performing the sit-to-stand-to-sit movement. In addition, the three intention estimation algorithms were also tested to determine the influence of the various algorithms on the support provided. The results show a significant reduction in the user's muscle activity (≈ 20%) when assisted by the exoskeleton in a predictable manner.
Transcription Factor E3 Protein–Positive Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor of the Appendix Presenting as Acute Appendicitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Matkowskyj Kristina A. , Rao M. Sambasiva , Raparia Kirtee
Published: March 2013

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a group of mesenchymal tumors that coexpress melanocytic and smooth muscle markers; their exact origin remains unknown. This group includes renal angiomyolipoma, clear cell sugar tumor, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis, although the term perivascular epithelioid cell tumors is currently used for lesions that exhibit a similar morphologic and immunohistochemical profile throughout the human body. Recently, a distinct subset of PEComas has been shown to harbor transcription factor E3 gene (TFE3) fusions. We report, for the first time, a unique case of TFE3-positive PEComa presenting as acute appendicitis in a 24-year-old woman. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of benign-appearing epithelioid cells with clear and eosinophilic cytoplasm, and arranged in nested and alveolar patterns. Immunohistochemical studies showed diffuse strong positivity for neuron-specific enolase, TFE3, and progesterone receptor and focal strong positivity for human melanoma black–45 (HMB-45) and melanocyte differentiation antigen (Melan-A) in the tumor cells. Although rare, PEComa should be included in the differential diagnosis of mesenchymal tumors of the appendix.
Lymphoproliferative Neoplasms of the Lung: A Review
Authors: William Josette , Variakojis Daina , Yeldandi Anjana , Raparia Kirtee
Published: March 2013

Context.—Diagnosis and classification of lymphomas are based on the morphologic, immunologic, and genetic features that the lesional cells share with their normal B and T lymphocyte counterparts. Primary pulmonary lymphomas account for 0.3% of primary lung neoplasms and less than 0.5% of all lymphomas.

Objective.—To describe and summarize the clinical and histopathologic features of the primary pulmonary lymphoma and secondary involvement of the lung by lymphoma.

Data Sources.—Peer-reviewed published literature and personal experience.

Conclusions.—Diagnosis of clonal lymphoid proliferations in the lung has evolved owing to the greater utility of molecular and flow cytometric analysis of tissue. Further studies are needed to best define the clinical and prognostic features, as well as search for targeted therapy for these patients with rare neoplasms.
Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies: A Focus on the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors
Authors: Gabardi Steven
Published: March 2013

Objective

To review the history of risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mToR) inhibitors, evaluate their required REMS elements, and delineate the reasons for them being released from their REMS requirements.

Data Sources and Extraction

Articles were identified through a literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE (January 2007-July 2012) using the search terms: risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, REMS, everolimus, sirolimus and organ transplant (individual organs also were searched). Information from the Federal Register, the Food and Drug Administration, and the manufacturers of the mToR inhibitors was also evaluated.

Data Synthesis

REMS are strategies implemented to manage known or potential risks associated with medications and to ensure ongoing pharmacovigilance throughout the life of a pharmaceutical product. The mToR inhibitors have been associated with several potential risks, including proteinuria, graft thrombosis, and wound-healing complications. The Food and Drug Administration approved REMS programs for both sirolimus and everolimus. The manufacturers of both medications complied with the components of their approved REMS, but after less than 2 years, both medications have been relieved of their REMS obligations.

Conclusion

The only element of the sirolimus REMS was a medication guide, whereas the everolimus REMS consisted of a medication guide and a communication plan. The sirolimus REMS was implemented more than 10 years after its initial approval by the Food and Drug Administration, but was released from its REMS requirement within 7 months of its implementation. The everolimus REMS was instituted upon initial approval and was removed approximately 2 years later. Both medications' REMS were always intended to educate health care providers and patients about the potential risks associated with this transplant immunosuppressant. Transplant practitioners should be familiar with the mToR inhibitors' associated risks and properly educate patients regarding the inhibitors' risk-benefit profiles.
Bariatric Surgery for a Patient with a Heartmate II Ventricular Assist Device for Destination Therapy
Authors: Lockard Kathleen L. , Allen Carrie , Lohmann Douglas , Severyn Donald A. , Schaub Richard D. , Kauffman Kelly E. , Hodges Jeffrey R. , Woodhall Lorna , Ramanathan Ramesh , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. , Eckert Chad E. , Kormos Robert L.
Published: March 2013

A patient with a HeartMate II left ventricular assist device who had a body mass index of 52 needed gastric bypass surgery in order to qualify for a heart transplant. Unlike previous experience in which the surgery was performed at the implant hospital, the gastric bypass surgery in this case was performed at a bariatric center of excellence that was a separate facility from the implant hospital. The artificial heart program of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center worked with the bariatric center of excellence in scheduling the gastric bypass surgery using a multidisciplinary team approach at 2 hospitals to coordinate safe, high-quality patient care in a unique situation.
Préservation, célébration et utilisation des ressources naturelles et culturelles chez les Métis francophones du Manitoba
Authors: Labrèche Yves
Published: March 2013

L’auteur présente tout d’abord un aperçu des démarches ethnographiques entreprises dans le contexte d’un partenariat avec la communauté métisse francophone du Manitoba. Ces recherches portent sur les rapports complexes qui se sont tissés entre la mémoire, l’identité et le paysage nommé, marqué et parcouru. Dans cet article, les propos recueillis au cours d’entrevues serviront de base à l’étude de pratiques traditionnelles toujours vivantes : chasse, pêche, cueillette et alimentation. La préservation du patrimoine naturel et culturel selon les perspectives, les témoignages et les interventions des Métis en milieux urbain et rural fait également l’objet d’une attention particulière. Les résultats de ces recherches de type ethno-géographique révèlent des savoir-faire et des manières d’être fidèles aux traditions ancestrales, qui sauront inspirer les jeunes ainsi que les prochaines générations. Enfin, les lecteurs sont conviés à une réflexion au sujet d’activités et de célébrations proposées par la communauté métisse et d’une intervention d’inspiration autochtone qui a été organisée en vue de créer un rapprochement entre les milieux universitaire, scolaire et communautaire.
Parcours identitaires des minorités involontaires au Manitoba français : vers une éthique en matière de dialogue, de réciprocité et d’éducation interculturelle
Authors: Labrèche Yves , Piquemal Nathalie
Published: March 2013

Dans cet article, nous prendrons un certain recul par rapport aux données concrètes colligées dans le contexte de nos diverses interventions (entrevues, entretiens, observation participante, forums et tables rondes communautaires) en milieu francophone minoritaire et, plus précisément, auprès des Métis francophones d’une part et, d’autre part, auprès de familles réfugiées. Nous proposons ainsi une réflexion afin de trouver des zones d’aménagement favorables à la réciprocité, au dialogue et à la résilience des minorités involontaires. Ce décloisonnement et ces rapprochements pourront d’abord surprendre, mais le lecteur découvrira toute la pertinence de réfléchir au « vivre ensemble » dans le contexte des flux migratoires et de la mouvance identitaire qui affectent, entre autres, les collectivités francophones de l’Ouest canadien. Nous traiterons d’interculturel et d’éthique, là où se rejoignent nos axes et intérêts de recherche (éducation, langue et culture) et les valeurs que nous défendons. Nous insisterons sur le mariage « recherche et enseignement » dans la mesure où il permet une meilleure mobilisation des connaissances en agissant à la source, en sensibilisant tôt les citoyens de demain, qui comprendront mieux que les générations précédentes la diversité ethnoculturelle ainsi que les enjeux et les défis qui lui sont associés. Ne seront-ils pas ainsi plus en mesure d’agir avec pertinence grâce à des compétences interculturelles et des pratiques d’accommodement auxquelles ils auront été exposés dès le plus jeune âge?
Imaging Tumor Cell Movement In Vivo
Authors: Entenberg David , Kedrin Dmitriy , Wyckoff Jeffrey , Sahai Erik , Condeelis John , Segall Jeffrey E.
Published: March 2013

This unit describes the methods that we have been developing for analyzing tumor cell motility in mouse and rat models of breast cancer metastasis. Rodents are commonly used both to provide a mammalian system for studying human tumor cells (as xenografts in immunocompromised mice) as well as for following the development of tumors from a specific tissue type in transgenic lines. The Basic Protocol in this unit describes the standard methods used for generation of mammary tumors and imaging them. Additional protocols for labeling macrophages, blood vessel imaging, and image analysis are also included. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 58:19.7.1‐19.7.19. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemoselective Synthesis of N‐Substituted α‐Amino‐α′‐chloro Ketones via Chloromethylation of Glycine‐Derived Weinreb Amides
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Holzer Wolfgang , Verniest Guido , Alcántara Andrés R. , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: March 2013

Functionalized α‐arylamino‐α′‐chloro ketones are obtained in high yield via a straightforward homologation reaction of Weinreb amides derived from N‐arylglycines using in situ generated chloromethyllithium. The use of the Weinreb amides is essential and allows the chemoselective homologation of N‐aryl‐N‐substituted glycine analogues, a transformation which is not possible using similar glycine esters. The procedure is promising for the large‐scale preparation of α‐amino‐α′‐chloropropanones, which are valuable precursors for a variety of bioactive compounds.
Evaluation of aminoquinoline‐imprinted polymers and the recognition mechanism
Authors: Zhang Tieli , Liu Feng , Li Kean
Published: March 2013

Three molecularly imprinted polymers P(2‐AQ), P(3‐AQ), and P(8‐AQ) based on methacrylic acid (MAA)–ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were prepared using isomers 2‐aminoquinoline (2‐AQ), 3‐aminoquinoline (3‐AQ), and 8‐aminoquinoline (8‐AQ) as template, respectively, by non‐covalent bulk polymerization technique. Neither P(3‐AQ) nor P(8‐AQ) exhibited imprinting effect for 3‐AQ or 8‐AQ, whereas P(2‐AQ) showed significant imprinting effect for 2‐AQ. This indicates that the position of amino group on the quinoline ring has crucial influence on imprinting effect. The recognition mechanism of P(2‐AQ) was investigated extensively by such methods as selective experiments, comparative study with 2‐aminopyridine‐imprinted polymer, and effect of different kinds of mobile phases. It is confirmed that there are complementary cavities in P(2‐AQ) both in size and in the arrangement of functional groups to 2‐AQ, and MAA binds 2‐AQ via cyclic hydrogen bond. Furthermore, the influence of synthetic conditions on 2‐AQ‐imprinted polymers was explored. We found 2‐AQ‐imprinted polymer synthesized in acetonitrile porogen showed higher imprinting effect for 2‐AQ than that prepared in chloroform. It is deduced that the morphology of the former might be more favorable to 2‐AQ binding, which is also supported indirectly by the fluorimetric experiments estimating the interaction of 2‐AQ with MAA in these two porogens. Additionally, 2‐AQ‐imprinted polymers prepared using two different amounts of acetonitrile exhibited very different imprinting effects, which suggested that porogen amount used in the imprinting process exerted significant influence. In addition to the in‐depth elucidation of the recognition mechanism of 2‐AQ‐imprinted polymer, this article provides the basis for the separation and enrichment of bioactive 2‐AQ. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Pervaporation separation of dimethyl carbonate/methanol mixtures with regenerated perfluoro‐ion‐exchange membranes in chlor‐alkali industry
Authors: Lang Wan‐Zhong , Niu Hai‐Yan , Liu Ya‐Xin , Liu Chun‐Xia , Guo Ya‐Jun
Published: March 2013

The waste perfluoro‐ion‐exchange membranes (PFIEMs) in chlor‐alkali industry were regenerated and used to the separation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/methanol (MeOH) mixtures by pervaporation process. The energy‐dispersive spectrum (EDS) demonstrates that the impurities on the surfaces of waste PFIEMs can be effectively cleared by the regeneration process. The degree of swelling, sorption, and pervaporation properties of the regenerated PFIEMs with different counter ions were investigated. The results indicate that the counter ions of PFIEMs conspicuously influence the degree of swelling, sorption, and pervaporation properties for DMC/MeOH mixtures. The degree of swelling and solubility selectivity both decreases with the alkali metal counter ions in the sequence: Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Cs+. The degree of swelling increases with MeOH concentration increasing in feed liquid. The pervaporation measurements illustrate that the permeation flux decreases and the separation factor increases with the rising in ion radius of counter ions. The increase of feed concentration (MeOH) and feed temperature is advantageous to improve permeation flux while at the cost of separation factor decreasing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and characterization of porous titanium dioxide sulfonated polystyrene composite microspheres with amphiphilicity
Authors: Qin Qiuju , Zhong Yanni , Cheng Jiang , Xu Shouping , Fan Xin , Pi Pihui , Wen Xiufang
Published: March 2013

Porous particles with amphiphilicity were prepared by a nonpolymeric pore‐formation process with the sulfonation of polystyrene microspheres. Nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were then grafted onto the surface via a sol–gel method to finally form the composite particles. The effects of the mass ratio of ethanol (EtOH) to water, temperature, and solubility parameter on the pore‐formation process is discussed in detail. The morphology, porous structure, and wetting properties of the particles were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement. The results show that porous sulfonated polystyrene (SP) microspheres could be fabricated at 60°C with a 1 : 1 mass ratio of EtOH–water and a solubility parameter of 29.69 MPa1/2. The TiO2 particles were determined to be grafted onto the SP microspheres by physical‐bond interaction on the basis of FTIR analysis. The contact angles for both water (aqueous‐phase) and various organic solvent (oil‐phase) droplets with different polarities on the surface of compressed tablets of TiO2–SP powder were all lower than 30°; this indicated excellent amphiphilicity in the composite particles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effects of processing steps and organoclay content in butadiene rubber/organoclay nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Min‐Su , Kim Gue‐Hyun
Published: March 2013

Even though polybutadiene rubber (BR) is a hydrophobic polymer, BR/organoclay nanocomposites are prepared successfully without a compatibilizer by using conventional compounding method. The main objective of this article is to investigate the effect of processing steps on the dispersion of organoclays in the BR matrix. The effect of each processing step on the dispersion of organoclays is studied by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Also, the effect of the organoclay content on the mechanical properties is studied. According to the XRD results, mixing BR/organoclay compounds with vulcanization accelerator (MBTS) in a two‐roll mill leads to the exfoliation of organoclays in this article. However, when BR/organoclay nanocomposites were heated at 155°C for the vulcanization as a next processing step, organoclays aggregated to become intercalated structure. The tensile and tear strength of BR/organoclay (9 phr) nanocomposite are 16.6 times and 3 times larger than those of BR, respectively. Over 100% and 300% modulus of BR, 300% and 350 % improvements are observed for those of BR/organoclay (9 phr) nanocomposite, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Sulfonated poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) copolyesters: Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Bautista Mayka , Martínez de Ilarduya Antxon , Alla Abdelilah , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián
Published: March 2013

A series of poly(hexamethylene terephthalate‐co‐hexamethylene 5‐sodium sulfoisophthalate) copolyesters containing from 5 to 50 mol % of sulfonated units as well as the two parent homopolymers are prepared by melt polycondensation. The polyesters are obtained with high molecular weights, which decrease with the increased content of sulfonated units in the copolymer. Polyesters with 5 and 10 mol % of sulfonated units are semicrystalline whereas for contents equal or above 20 mol % they are unable to crystallize from the melt. Thermogravimetric analysis show that the thermal stability decreases with the content in sulfonated units. Isothermal crystallizations of semicrystalline copolyesters show that the insertion of the sulfonated units causes a reduction of crystallizability, most probably due to the occurrence of ionic aggregations. It is observed a synergistic effect on the mechanical properties for copolymers with contents of around 5 mol % where the elongation at break increases drastically. Moreover, the hydrolytic degradation of the copolymer is enhanced with the content in sulfonated units. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Extrudate swell behavior of polypropylene composites filled with microencapsulated red phosphorus
Authors: Liang Ji‐Zhao , Feng Jin‐Qing , Tsui Chi‐Pong , Tang Chak‐Yin
Published: March 2013

The microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) filled polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared using a twin‐screw extruder. The effects of load and temperature on the extrudate swell behavior of the PP/MRP composite melts were investigated by means of a melt flow indexer. The test temperatures and loads were varied from 180 to 205°C and from 2.16 to 12.5 kg, respectively. The results showed that the die‐swell ratio (B) of the composite melts increased roughly linearly with increasing load while decreased slightly with a rise of test temperature. The sensitivity of the die‐swell ratio of the composite melts to load was significant. When the test temperature or load was constant, the values of the B of the composite melts decreased slightly with increasing MRP weight fraction. The findings can provide useful information for processing of these composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
In situ fabrication of polyaniline‐silver nanocomposites using soft template of sodium alginate
Authors: Bhowmick Biplab , Mondal Dibyendu , Maity Dipanwita , Rahaman Mollick Md. Masud , Kanti Bain Mrinal , Kumar Bera Nirmal , Rana Dipak , Chattopadhyay Sanatan , Chattopadhyay Dipankar
Published: March 2013

Polyaniline (PANI)‐Ag nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ chemical polymerization approach using ammonium persulfate and silver nitrate as oxidant. Characterizations of nanocomposites were done by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV–vis, XRD and FTIR analysis established the formation of PANI/Ag nanocomposites and face‐centered‐cubic phase of silver. PANInanofibers were of average diameter ∼ 30 nm and several micrometers in length. Morphological analysis showed that the spherical‐shaped silver nanoparticles decorate the surface of PANI nanofibers. Silver nanoparticles of average diameter ∼ 5–10 nm were observed on the TEM images for the PANI‐Ag nanocomposites. Such type of PANI‐Ag nanocomposites can be used as bistable switches as well as memory devices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
One‐Pot Laccase‐Catalysed Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihydroxylated Benzo[b]furans and Catechol Derivatives, and Their Anticancer Activity
Authors: Wellington Kevin W. , Qwebani‐Ogunleye Tozama , Kolesnikova Natasha I. , Brady Dean , de Koning Charles B.
Published: March 2013

A commercial laccase, Suberase® from Novozymes, was used to catalyse the synthesis of 5,6‐dihydroxylated benzo[b]furans and catechol derivatives. The yields were, in some cases, similar to or better than that obtained by other enzymatic, chemical or electrochemical syntheses. The synthesised derivatives were screened against renal (TK10), melanoma (UACC62), breast (MCF7) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. GI50, TGI and LC50 are reported for the first time. Anticancer screening showed that the cytostatic effects of the 5,6‐dihydroxylated benzo[b]furans were most effective against the melanoma (UACC62) cancer cell line with several compounds exhibiting potent growth inhibitory activities (GI50 = 0.77–9.76 µM), of which two compounds had better activity than the anticancer agent etoposide (GI50 = 0.89 µM). One compound exhibited potent activity (GI50 = 9.73 µM) against the renal (TK10) cancer cell line and two exhibited potent activity (GI50 = 8.79 and 9.30 µM) against the breast (MCF7) cancer cell line. These results encourage further studies of the 5,6‐dihydroxylated benzo[b]furans for their potential application in anticancer therapy.