bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteínas do soro do leite: propriedades funcionais e benefícios para a saúde humana
Authors: Costa Flávia Ribas , Maricato Emília , Dias Anna Marcella Neves , Baptista Edilene Bolutari
Published: January 2021

O soro do leite é um subproduto dos laticínios produzido em grande volume, cujas proteínas possuem diversas propriedades funcionais e biológicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar os principais benefícios das proteínas do soro do leite à saúde humana e suas utilidades na indústria de alimentos. Esta pesquisa foi um estudo de revisão bibliográfica e análise crítica de trabalhos publicados no período de 2007 a 2017. O leite é um alimento nutritivo, tendo sua parte proteica constituída por proteínas insolúveis (caseínas) e solúveis (proteínas do soro do leite, conhecidas como whey protein). O whey protein concentrate é um concentrado das proteínas do soro do leite e tem sido muito utilizado em várias pesquisas, demonstrando efeitos anti-osteoporóticos, aumento da tolerância alimentar, melhora da função intestinal e resultados na supressão do volume de tumores mamários e na modulação das propriedades imunológicas. As proteínas do soro do leite possuem ainda atividade insulinotrópica e são utilizadas como suplementos alimentares em estratégias nutricionais que otimizam o treinamento e o desempenho físico. A busca das pessoas por qualidade de vida, saúde e bem-estar levou ao crescimento do mercado de alimentos funcionais, como o whey protein, que é rapidamente absorvido e favorece a redução de gordura corporal, o ganho de força, a recuperação e a síntese muscular. O alto valor nutricional do soro do leite evidencia a viabilidade de seu reaproveitamento, por se tratar de um subproduto cujas proteínas chamam atenção pelas propriedades funcionais na indústria de alimentos, pelos benefícios à saúde humana e à prática esportiva.
Didáctica general en la educación secundaria de Vincent Carette y Bernard Rey
Authors: Carballo Nicolás Guarnizo
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo es una reseña del libro “Didáctica general en la educación secundaria” de los autores Vicent Carette y Bernard Rey. La presente obra está compuesta por 3 capítulos, abordando temas tales como las concepciones del aprendizaje, práctica de enseñanza, las competencias, los saberes y disciplinas escolares. Desde esta perspectiva se busca destacar la importancia del rol docente en la escuela, a partir de las complejidades de la profesión, así como de las funciones que se le atribuyen. Por tal motivo, la formación del educador se orienta y sostiene en las bases pedagógicas y didácticas, generando reflexiones posibles de incluir en el campo de la educación física. A lo largo del documento, se pretende visualizar dichos aportes al campo específico de las estrategias didácticas de la Educación Física, visibles en el quehacer pedagógico en general y, en particular, en la enseñanza secundaria.
My Journey as an Emergent Bilingual
Authors: Villarreal Cantu Cynthia
Published: January 2021

This autoethnography was conducted at an elementary school not far from the South Texas border. I documented how my journey as a kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade student has impacted me to become a better educator. Through this qualitative study, I planned to determine if my childhood experiences as an emergent bilingual learner have made an impact in my teaching and the connections I have formed with my students. I analyzed observations of my current teaching practices and my elementary report cards and test scores. After observing my students’ interactions among their peers and my reaction towards their conversations, I found that emergent bilinguals can reach academic achievement, and their learning can be enhanced. Embracing more than one language can be a powerful resource that binds students to a variety of cultures.
Madurese Fishing Community Cultural Perception of Coastal Litter
Authors: Habibi Habibi , Suryadarma I Gusti Putu , Wilujeng Insih
Published: January 2021

Piles of litter on the beach polluting the sea have become one of the global problems at this time. Indonesia is an archipelago country whose coastline is inhabited by tribes who have been living as fishermen for hundreds of years. Therefore, it is important to understand what the cultural perception of the fishing community is regarding the litter problem. This study aimed to figure out the perception of the fishing community in Madurese culture regarding the litter on the beach. By adhering to the phenomenological paradigm, the researchers chose four fishing families in Madura, conducted semi-structured interviews and observations, as well as analyzed the data. We conducted Creswell and Poth’s qualitative data analysis spiral. The found that the Madurese fishing community perceives coastal litter as (a) a physical problem, (b) a human-God relational problem, and (c) an individual-government relational problem. In short, the community's perceptions of the litter on the beach are related to their beliefs about the position of humans, nature, and God.
Usos do passado recente na América Latina
Authors: Schmiedecke Natália , Garbero Vanesa
Published: January 2021

Se o passado sempre é uma construção, a partir das demandas do presente, esta relação é ainda mais evidente no caso de um passado recente, cujas consequências diretas têm fortes efeitos sobre o presente e cujos sentidos permanecem em disputa. Frente às violências e crimes de Estado que marcaram o século XX, a academia, impulsionada pelos coletivos afetados, assistiu a um crescimento exponencial das pesquisas que se comprometem com este passado.
O historiador Gonzalo Vial e a construção do Marco Político do Informe Rettig (1991)
Authors: Da Silva Lays Corrêa
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o papel do historiador Gonzalo Vial na construção do Marco Político do Informe da Comisión Nacional de Verdad y Reconciliación Chilena, conhecido como Informe Rettig. Tal seção do documento foi dedicada a tratar dos eventos anteriores ao golpe de Estado de 1973. A narrativa contida no Marco Político do Informe reforça a ideia de inevitabilidade do golpe, utilizando-se da teoria historiográfica de Gonzalo Vial de que a quebra da democracia no Chile se deu a partir da “quebra de consensos” que já vinha acontecendo desde o início do século, mas que se intensificou com a eleição de Allende em 1970. Buscaremos, portanto, refletir sobre os usos do passado recente chileno e sobre o papel do historiador na construção de uma memória oficial que permitisse a reconciliação entre os chilenos, necessária para a consolidação democrática do governo de Aylwin.
A história de um presente: O discurso intelectual sobre o passado em Nexos e Vuelta na transição democrática mexicana (1982-1992)
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Júnior José Antônio
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho dedica-se a explorar os discursos sobre o passado em Nexos e Vuelta, as duas maiores publicações culturais no contexto da transição democrática mexicana, nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. Os grupos intelectuais reunidos em torno dessas revistas culturais fomentaram discussões sobre sua conjuntura política por meio de temas históricos e visões sobre o passado mexicano, o que levou a debates em torno da “história oficial” e da revisão historiográfica empreendida nas últimas décadas do século XX no México. A partir da história intelectual como marco teórico, o artigo analisa textos de três historiadores renomados e ligados àquelas revistas: Héctor Aguilar Camín, Enrique Florescano e Enrique Krauze. Deste modo, examina-se as relações estabelecidas entre narrativas históricas e projetos políticos nos discursos intelectuais, enfatizando o uso do histórico como forma de crítica ao sistema político mexicano, então dominado pelo PRI.
A batalha entre a liberdade e a tirania: Revolução Cubana, guerra de guerrilhas e o desenvolvimento da Doutrina de Contrainsurgência norte-americana nos anos 1960
Authors: De Almeida Resende Pâmela
Published: January 2021

O objetivo central deste artigo é analisar a construção e o desenvolvimento das políticas produzidas no âmbito do governo dos Estados Unidos para a América Latina, sobretudo a partir da década de 1960. Tal escolha justifica-se pelo interesse em compreender as ações desenvolvidas para combater os movimentos guerrilheiros que se faziam atuantes nos países latino-americanos, além da influência e do impacto da Revolução Cubana nesse processo. A criação de programas de ajuda externa, com destaque para a Aliança para o Progresso, aliada ao desenvolvimento da Doutrina de Contrainsurgência, ambas no governo de John F. Kennedy, nos parece fundamental para a compreensão das estratégias adotadas pelos Estados Unidos na sua política de contenção do avanço comunista na região.
Do gradualismo negro ao Sonho Americano: a formação do conservadorismo negro nos Estados Unidos
Authors: Ribeiro Francisco Flávio Thales
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a linhagem histórica de conservadores negros na cultura política estadunidense. Devido ao protagonismo de lideranças progressistas no ativismo negro, reforçado pelos Movimentos pelos Direitos Civis na década de 1960, os conservadores afro-estadunidenses ocupam um espaço secundário no debate racial nos Estados Unidos. Contudo, os intelectuais negros cumpriram um papel importante nas dinâmicas políticas do país ao contribuírem com as correntes conservadoras mobilizadas a partir da década de 1950. Nesse sentido, George Schuyler, jornalista e literato negro, emerge como uma figura fundamental para a compreensão do conservadorismo negro nos Estados Unidos. A partir da sua trajetória intelectual é possível compreendermos os princípios que fundamentaram historicamente as agendas da intelectualidade negra conservadora e as mudanças históricas no campo conservador. Além de Schuyler, trataremos de figuras como Booker T. Washington e Thomas Sowell a fim de contextualizarmos o conservadorismo negro de maneira ampla.
A América Latina em disputa: História e historiografia de uma polêmica
Authors: Dos Santos Junior Valdir Donizete
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir aspectos relacionados à circulação e aos significados da ideia de “América Latina”. Partindo de um debate iniciado na década de 1960 por autores como o norte-americano John Leddy Phelan e o uruguaio Arturo Ardao, este texto busca compreender as concepções historiográficas que têm balizado as discussões acerca dessa temática. Da mesma forma, procura compreender em perspectiva histórica a construção e as diversas apropriações dessa denominação, tanto como artefato de projetos imperiais, quanto como instrumento de defesa identitária e geopolítica dos países hispano-americanos em relação às pretensões expansionistas dos Estados Unidos. Este texto se debruça, portanto, por um lado, sobre produções intelectuais relativamente mais recentes que elaboraram uma interpretação sobre as “origens” do conceito de América Latina; e, por outro, sobre aquelas, particularmente francesas e hispano-americanas, que participaram desse processo no século XIX, enfatizando a utilização da ideia de “latinidade” como forma de se posicionar contra a presença norte-americana na América Central.
FIDUCIJARNI PRENOS SVOJINE KAO PRAVO REALNOG OBEZBEĐENjA POTRAŽIVANjA
Authors: Pavicevic Aleksandra
Published: January 2021

Korišćenjem uporednopravnog metoda autor u radu analizira fiducijarni prenos svojine u svrhu obezbeđenja u pojedinim regulativama evropsko- kontinentalne pravne tradicije, kritički razmatrajući i stavove sudske prakse i doktrine. Cilj rada je formulisanje odgovora na pitanje svrsishodnosti ovog instituta za buduće srpsko pravo, jer u pozitivnom nije regulisan, dok jeste u nekim evropskim regulativama, naročito u zemljama u našem okruženju. Prednacrtom Građanskog zakonika Srbije ovaj institut nije regulisan, ali jeste Nacrtom zakonika o svojini i drugim stvarnim pravima. U situaciji planiranog reformisanja domaćeg prava realnog obezbeđenja potraživanja, a u kontekstu trajuće harmonizacije zakonskih rešenja na nivou Evropske zajednice, autor zaključuje da je ovaj institut višestruko koristan za srpsko pravo de lege ferenda. Njime bi se proširila paleta prava realnog obezbeđenja, jer on funkcionalno prevazilazi okvire zaloge, zadovoljavajući legitimne interese fiducijara i fiducijanta na specifičan, obostrano željen, a zakoniti način.
PRESUDA ZBOG IZOSTANKA - NEKI OD USLOVA ZA DONOŠENjE SA ASPEKTA SUDSKE PRAKSE
Authors: Corac Sanda
Published: January 2021

Tuženi koji je propustio da dođe da pripremno ročište ili na prvo ročište za glavnu raspravu može biti sankcionisan, pa procesna neaktivnost uredno pozvanog tuženog, uz ispunjenje Zakonom o parničnom postupku propisanih uslova, može rezultirati donošenjem presude zbog izostanka. U radu se analiziraju, kroz stavove iz sudske prakse, neka pitanja koja su vezana za donošenje ove jednostrane presude i kumulativno ispunjenje uslova taksativno propisanih čl. 351 st. 1 t. 1-5 Zakona o parničnom postupku.
EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL N. 103, DE 2019, E OS LIMITES DO PODER REGULAMENTAR
Authors: Andrade Leonardo Aguirra de
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a aplicação do princípio da legalidade à majoração da alíquota da Contribuição Social sobre o Lucro Líquido (CSLL), promovida pelo art. 32 da Emenda Constitucional (EC) n. 103, de 12 de novembro de 2019, e regulamentada pelas Instruções Normativas RFB n. 1.925, de 19 de fevereiro de 2020, e n. 1.942, de 27 de abril de 2020.
REVISITANDO O IMPOSTO DE RENDA DAS PESSOAS JURÍDICAS NO BRASIL: ORIGENS, JUSTIFICATIVAS E MÉTODOS DE INTEGRAÇÃO
Authors: Pignatari Leonardo Thomaz
Published: January 2021

O Imposto de Renda das Pessoas Jurídicas – IRPJ vem sendo objeto de diversas polêmicas ao longo de sua história, porém pouco se discutiu sobre as justificativas para sua instituição. Dessa forma, o presente estudo visa revisitar a criação do IRPJ no Brasil, revolvendo a legislação tributária brasileira a fim de traçar uma linha evolutiva deste imposto, bem como a examinar as justificativas existentes para sua manutenção como um tributo praticamente inquestionável. Este objetivo demanda a análise da natureza das pessoas jurídicas e da atribuição de capacidade contributiva a estas entidades. Ademais, serão apresentados os métodos de integração mais discutidos na doutrina e aqueles já adotados pelo sistema tributário brasileiro. Ao cabo, algumas conclusões serão apresentadas de modo a delimitar um horizonte em torno do IRPJ e sua integração com a tributação no nível das pessoas físicas.
DA LEGALIDADE DOS TETOS ESTABELECIDOS PELA PORTARIA PGFN N. 448/2019 E PELA INSTRUÇÃO NORMATIVA RFB N. 1891/2019 PARA OBTENÇÃO DO PARCELAMENTO SIMPLIFICADO REGULADO PELA LEI N. 10.522/2002
Authors: Pontalti Mateus Benato
Published: January 2021

Em 2 de outubro de 2018, o Superior Tribunal de Justiça afetou o REsp n. 1.724.834/SC, o REsp n. 1.679.536/RN e o REsp n. 1.728.239/RS para serem julgados de acordo com a sistemática dos Recursos Repetitivos. O objetivo é uniformizar a seguinte controvérsia: se é possível um ato infralegal estabelecer um teto para realização do parcelamento simplificado ou se essa limitação ofende o regramento estabelecido pela Lei n. 10.522/2002. Sob a perspectiva pragmática, verificamos uma tendência em enxergar nessa prática uma ilegalidade. No entanto, do nosso ponto de vista, essa questão tem sido enfrentada de maneira superficial pelos Tribunais. O fato de o art. 14-C nada dispor sobre a possibilidade de o Executivo criar requisitos adicionais é circunstância insuficiente para fundamentar um juízo de ilegalidade. O que o inciso II do art. 5º da CF exige é tão somente que a lei tenha conferido ao Poder Executivo, ainda que de modo implícito, a faculdade de normatizar o tema, e que o ato infralegal seja compatível com a lei. Daí por que é necessário um esforço hermenêutico maior, que leve em consideração também a possibilidade da existência de uma autorização implícita. Para fazê-lo, propomo-nos a apresentar duas razões para defender a existência dessa autorização. A primeira delas repousa no fato de o art. 14-C ter concedido à Fazenda Pública a permissão para conceder ou não o parcelamento. A segunda se assenta no fato de que a construção das normas de parcelamento com base unicamente nos enunciados da Lei n. 10.522/2002 leva à existência de uma antinomia entre elas, que não é superável pelos critérios da hierarquia, da especialidade e da cronologia.
A ASSIMETRIA CONCEITUAL ENTRE AS SANÇÕES ADMINISTRATIVAS E PENAIS NA TRIBUTAÇÃO FEDERAL
Authors: Daniel Neto Carlos Augusto
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem o escopo de analisar as condições objetivas de aplicação de sanções tributárias administrativas e penais, em função da prática da Receita Federal do Brasil de sempre lançar multas qualificadas e lavrar representações fiscais para fins penais conjuntamente. Pretende-se, com isto, demonstrar que existe uma assimetria conceitual entre as hipóteses de sonegação e fraude da legislação tributária (mais restrita) e da legislação criminal (mais ampla), a partir de uma análise dogmática da legislação, bem como da sua origem, por meio de dossiês legislativos. Com isso, se demonstrará que a discussão da aplicação de multas qualificadas, no CARF, tem ficado restrita ao elemento subjetivo (intenção), olvidando-se da análise dos elementos objetivos de imputação, aplicando-se a sanção mais dura a casos que não seria cabível.
A IMUNIDADE DO ITBI SOBRE AS OPERAÇÕES DE TRANSMISSÃO IMOBILIÁRIA EFETUADAS EM REALIZAÇÃO DO CAPITAL DE PESSOA JURÍDICA
Authors: Follador Guilherme Broto , Valle Maurício Dalri Timm do
Published: January 2021

O artigo examina os fundamentos do acórdão proferido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no julgamento do Recurso Extraordinário n. 796.376. A partir da análise do conceito de capital social, da natureza das operações de integralização de capital, quando subscrito com ágio, bem como do histórico e da finalidade da regra presente no art. 156, § 2º, I, da Constituição Federal, conclui-se que o entendimento firmado pelo STF a respeito do tema é equivocado.
Memory studies: from memory to oblivion
Authors: Ilin V.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the concept of memory studies, which is a separate discipline that studies and analyzes memory issues. The phenomenon of memory is an important part of life, although not presented as a necessary condition of mental activity. Memory, the author notes, is a way for people to construct their past through books, movies, documents, ceremonies, and so on. In memory studies, memory arises in various aspects – collective, social, cultural, genetic, and historical. The reason for claiming a worldwide "memory age" is criticism of official versions of history, the return of memory to communities and peoples whose history has been ignored, the activation of various memorial events, and more. It is shown that a social and cultural construct collective memory retains the authentic past as its version and serves as a means to achieve certain goals. Collective memory is in constant change, which is nonlinear, irrational, and not always subject to logical analysis. New events and ideas affect the perception of the past, and patterns of interpretation of the past determine the understanding of the present. The relation between collective and individual memory appears as the relation between memory and history. The primary function of historical memory is to form an identity. The development of memory studies distinguishes the political, functional, cumulative memory that use the past to shape national identity. The context of historical memory includes the concepts of "oblivion", "custom" and "tradition" that help to identify the turning points of history as they are indicators of the emergence of a new society. Historical memory is a tool for using the past to achieve goals dictated by the current situation. Mobilizing memory and collective perceptions of the past has been an integral part of the political process in recent centuries.
Geopolitical Status of Ukraine: Historiography and Methodological Discourse
Authors: Kondratenko O.
Published: January 2021

The issue of Ukraine’s geopolitical status through the prism of historiography and methodological discourse of domestic and foreign scholars is revealed. It is established that in the vast majority of scientific works the geopolitical status of Ukraine is defined as extremely low with a further tendency to deteriorate. It is found out that the decline of Ukraine’s geopolitical status in the international arena began immediately after it acquired non-nuclear status under pressure from Russia and the United States. In the end, the “cassette” and “Kolchuga” scandals caused only a deterioration of both the international image and the geopolitical status of Ukraine. According to the works of leading Ukrainian scholars, the crisis of foreign policy and the decline of geopolitical status of the state were also caused by internal factors. These included the demographic crisis, large-scale corruption and falling GDP, which in turn led to an increase in Ukraine’s negative trade balance.

A significant number of scholars link the weakness of Ukraine’s geopolitical status with its complicated geographical location. Thus, we can agree with the most authors that Ukraine is geographically located between the West and the East, as well as at the intersection of strategic interests of three civilizations: Euro-Atlantic, Eurasian and Islamic. It is this factor, along with Ukraine’s internal problems, that determines the peripherality of Ukraine’s geopolitical position as that of a buffer state. In order to finally transform Ukraine into a “gray” security zone and prevent its rapprochement with the EU and NATO, Russia launched a hybrid war in 2014, as a result of which it annexed Crimea and caused an armed conflict in Donbas. Such actions of Russia led to further weakening of the geopolitical status of Ukraine and its final transformation into an object of policy of powerful international players. In the current circumstances and forecasts, we increasingly share the idea of intensifying the Euro-Atlantic vector of Ukraine’s foreign policy and establishing a strategic security dialogue to strengthen relations with Eastern European neighbors in the framework of the possible implementation of the Baltic-Black Sea project.
Lawyers’ Problems and their Relationship with Perceived Stress and Occupational Burnout: A Study on Lawyers Practicing Civil and Criminal Law
Authors: Azeem Muhammad , Arouj Kehkashan , Hussain Malik Mureed
Published: January 2021

The major objectives of the study were to identify the level of perceived stress and burnout among lawyers and to elucidate the relationship between various occupational problems among civil and criminal lawyers. The mediating effect between lawyers’ perception of problems, with respect to nature of specialization (i.e. criminal and civil law), perceived stress and burnout was also studied. This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted on a sample of N = 535 criminal and civil court lawyers, n = 255 (47.7%) and n = 280 (52.3%), respectively. Lawyers Perception of Problem Scale (LPPS), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OBI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were administered. A positive relationship between occupational stress and occupational burnout was found. The criminal court lawyers reported higher stress and more family problems than the civil court lawyers. Highly experienced lawyers have reported lesser levels of stress. Results from multiple regression show that financial problems and police involvement significantly predict occupational stress. A mediating effect of perceived problems was also found between type of specialization and stress and burnout. Overall, less experienced and criminal court lawyers face more problems related to family, finances, and security, and they also perceive more stress and burnout.
KETELADANAN FIGUR LEA DALAM KEJADIAN PASAL 29-30:1-24
Authors: Anna Kristiana , Kusradi Sri Wahyuni
Published: January 2021

Perempuan yang bersyukur saat ini menjadi sebuah situasi yang sulit dilakukan oleh wanita dalam hidupnya. Kaum wanita hedonis  karena tidak hanya merugikan secara rohani, namun juga karakter dan kepribadian individu. Oleh sebab itu penerapan perempuan bersyukur menurut Alkitab sangat penting bagi wanita yang hedonis dan tidak bersyukur dengan melalui pemahaman Firman Tuhan yang benar, mengetahui hakikatnya sebagai umat Allah. Alkitab mengajarkan bahwa menikah untuk menjadi satu dan bukan menjadi sama.  Orang akan frustasi apabila menjadikan pernikahan sebagai target untuk menjadi sama, yang sesungguhnya adalah saling melengkapi. Sehingga, sebagai pasangan suami istri seharusnya dapat menerima apa adanya satu sama lain, misalnya; sikapnya, sifatnya, tempramennya, karakternya. Dengan kekurangan ataupun kelebihan yang ada, tidak dapat merubah pasangan dengan mencela, menuntut, ataupun menjadikan sama dengan keinginannya. Firman Tuhan merupakan kebenaran yang akan menuntun orang percaya untuk serupa dengan Kristus Yesus. Kaum wanita hedonis yang tidak bersyukur telah terjadi di berbagai kalangan. Ini merupakan situasi yang memprihatikan, penurunan kualitas secara rohani, dan moral tentunya akan berpengaruh terhadap gereja. Berangkat dari problematika tersebut, jelas bahwa wanita hedonis sangat membahayakan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif-theologis dalam skripsi ini penulis memberikan implementasi bagi kaum wanita hedonis, sehingga hasil studi ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi kaum wanita dalam meningkatkan kualitas rohaninya.

     Today, a grateful woman is a situation that is difficult for women to do in her life. Women are hedonistic because they are not only detrimental to spirituality, but also to individual character and personality. Therefore, the application of women who are grateful according to the Bible is very important for women who are hedonistic and ungrateful, through understanding the true Word of God, knowing their essence as God's people. The Bible teaches that marrying is to be one and not the same. People will be frustrated if they make marriage as the target to be the same, which is actually complementary. So, as a married couple, they should be able to accept each other's existence, for example; his attitude, his character, his temper, his character. With existing weaknesses or strengths, one cannot change a partner by criticizing, demanding, or making the same as what he wants. God's Word is the truth that will lead believers to be like Christ Jesus. Hedonist women who are not grateful have occurred in various circles. This is a situation of concern, spiritual and moral deterioration will certainly affect the church. Departing from these problems, it is clear that hedonistic women are very dangerous. With a qualitative approach and descriptive-theological methods in this thesis, the authors provide an implementation for hedonist women, so that the results of this study can be a reference for women in improving their spiritual quality.
Kepemimpnan Wanita Dalam Gereja
Authors: Manalu Lina
Published: January 2021

Pemimpin dan kepemimpinan tidak dapat dipisahkan satu dengan yang lainnya. Apabila menyinggung tentang kepemimpinan, hal itu berkaitan dengan mendiskusikan suatu proses. Tetapi berbicara tentang pemimpin Kristen berarti berbicara tentang individu atau pribadi yang dipanggil oleh Tuhan untuk melaksanakan tugas kepemimpinan. Dewasa ini kepemimpinan dalam berbagai bidang telah diwarnai oleh terlibatnya wanita dalam memberikan peran sertanya dalam upaya meningkatkan pembangunan bangsa. Termasuk juga dalam kepemimpinan di gereja. Artikel ini akan memaparkan secara singkat tentang gambaran kepemimpinan wanita dalam gereja

---------------------------

Leaders and leadership can not be separated from one another. If we mention the leadership, it relates to discuss the process. But talking about the Christian’s leader is talking about private individuals or who are called by God to carry out the task of leadership. Today leadership in various fields has been characterized by the involvement of women in delivering participation in efforts to improve the development of the nation. Included the leadership in the church. This article will explain briefly about the image of women in church of leadership
Konstruksi Kristologi Di Bumi Indonesia
Authors: Harefa Febriaman Lalaziduhu , Paath Jeane , Pasaribu Ferdinan
Published: January 2021

Kristologi adalah pusat dari disiplin ilmi teologi, karena dalam studi Kristologi memuat tentang Pribadi dan Karya Yesus Kristus dalam rangka penyelamatan umat manusia dari dosa agar manusia memperoleh hidup yang kekal. Namun dewasa ini khususnya di Indonesia, finalitas doktrin Kristologi mengalami pergeseran makna oleh karena studi interpretasi radikal dari beberapa teolog. Bertolak dari pergumulan konteks dan didukung oleh filsafat Postmodern, mereka berusaha untuk melakukan Re-Kristologi yang selama ini diajarkan di dalam gereja-gereja dan menghasilkan model-model Kristologi Kontekstual khususnya yang berkenaan dengan konteks bumi Indonesia. Pendekatan Kristologi ini telah kehilangan makna serta identitasnya dan sangatlah berbeda dengan doktrin Kristologi sebagaimana yang dinyatakan oleh teks-teks Alkitab firman Allah. Kristologi yang benar adalah Kristologi yang bertolak dari pernyataan teks-teks Alkitab kemudian Kristologi tersebut menjawab problematika konteks khususnya di bumi Indonesia.

        Christology is the center of the scientific discipline of theology, because in the study of Christology it contains the Person and Work of Jesus Christ in the context of saving mankind from sin so that humans can have eternal life. But today especially in Indonesia, the finality of the Christology doctrine has shifted in meaning because of the study of radical interpretations of some theologians. Starting from the struggle of context and supported by Postmodern philosophy, they tried to do Re-Christology that had been taught in the churches and produced contextual Christology models especially with regard to the context of the Indonesian earth. This Christological approach has lost its meaning and identity and is very different from the Christological doctrine as stated by the biblical texts of God's word. The correct Christology is a Christology that departs from the statement of the biblical texts and then the Christology answers the problematic context especially in Indonesian soil.
Seks Menurut Alkitab Sebagai Kontribusi Bagi Pengajaran Gereja Masa Kini
Authors: Halawa Junius
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAKSeks menurut Alkitab sebagai kontribusi bagi pengajaran gereja masa kini. Tujuan tulisan ini untuk menggali dan menjelaskan konsep seks di dalam Alkitab. Alkitab adalah firman Allah tertulis sebagai landasan iman dan sumber pengajaran yang sehat, misalnya pendidikan seks kepada jemaat. Jauh sebelum manusia diciptakan Allah telah merancang seks bagi kehidupan manusia. Sehingga seks harus dipahami sebagai karunia Allah yang baik, mulia dan nikmat. Namun pada faktanya sebagian orang mengangap seks sebagai sesuatu yang kotor atau hanya pemuas hawa nafsu manusia. Konsekwensiya ialah banyak orang melakukan tindakan seks yang salah diantaranya: perzinahan, onani atau mastrubasi, homoseksual, lesbian dan pedofilia. Berdasarkan hasil penggalian Alkitab, maka seks menggunakan istilah: “satu daging” dan “bersetubuh”. Lebih dalam Alkitab menyatakan bahwa seks merupakan inisiatif Allah sendiri kepada laki-laki dan perempuan, sehingga seks baik adanya. Seks hanya diizinkan Allah kepada seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan yang telah masuk dalam pernikahan yang diberkati Tuhan. Pada hakekatnya seks memiliki empat dimensi, yakni: Dimensi rekreasi, dimensi prokreasi, dimensi relasi dan dimensi refleksi. Jika diamati secara baik antara konsep seks yang disaksikan oleh  Alkitab dengan perilaku manusia diera ini, maka telah telah banyak terjadi penyimpangan. Oleh karena itu, fenomena ini merupakan bagian dari tanggungjawab gereja dan hamba Tuhan untuk melakukan langkah-langkah pencegahan dan penangan dosa seksual diantaranya: Memberikan pengajaran seks yang Alkitabiah, membuat program yang kreatif dan inofatif dan melaksanakan pelayanan pastoral konseling. Kata kunci: seks atau seksual.

 

ABSTRACT

Sex according to the Bible as a contribution to the teaching of the church today. The purpose of this paper is to explore and explain the concept of sex in the Bible. The Bible is the written word of God as a foundation of faith and a source of healthy teaching, for example sex education to the congregation. Long before humans were created God had designed sex for human life. So sex must be understood as a gift from God that is good, noble and delicious. But in fact some people regard sex as something dirty or just satisfying human desires. The consequence is that many people commit wrong sexual acts including:
نظرية النفع العام و أهميتها في الأقتصاد الأسلامي
Authors: العزاوي حسين
Published: January 2021

The research deals with the importance of public benefit in Islamic economics. It shows the most important rules based on economic theory that calls for the centralization in owning means of production, the redistribution of income in a legitimate way. It also calls for the state intervention in the market through Islamic legislations that control the movement of capitals to achieve an effective goal represented by the elimination of poverty and the unemployment and the establishment of an economic system that imposes on the state through the theory of profit and loss in all its political decisions. These decisions must be based on the basis of serving the nation economically, serving its members and protecting the political system and economic interest to achieve a true balance among individuals to reach their spiritual and secular goal by facilitating their economic interests. The research shows how this theory achieves the actual partnership between the state and its members through the state's work to achieve the interest of individuals and the vice versa in accordance with the five rules imposed by the theory and represented by the following rules:
-Money is for Allah and benefit is for all. -Public benefit is a guaranteed right for every member of the nation.
-Balance of benefit.
-Total satisfaction of all basic needs of individuals and enabling them to satisfy their luxury needs as much as possible. -Resurrecting the Islamic Nation as an economic force which is capable of facing the challenges imposed by the global systemز
Specific Learning Disorder among Primary School Children of Sarai Alamgir
Authors: Noreena Kausar  , Nadia Farhat  , Fauzia Maqsood  , Hafsa Qurban  , Admin
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To examine the frequency of specific learning disorder (SLD) among primary school children of Sarai Alamgir, Pakistan.
Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2018 in Sarai Alamgir. Multistage stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample from target population (N=914) of school children studying in 3rd and 4th class of six primary schoolsof Sarai Alamgir, Pakistan.Sample of n=837 children was selected through the Taro Yamane formula. Structured Clinical Diagnostic Interviews based on DSM-V (APA, 2013) diagnostic criteria of specific learning disorder were used to collect data. Children were approached in their classes. Screening tool was applied on all selected children to screen out the vulnerable cases. After screening the vulnerable cases, diagnostic criteria of different specific learning disorders were applied on all vulnerable cases. The frequencies and percentages were analyzed to see the frequency  of learning disorder among children.
Results:Findings indicate that 174 (20.7%) children were vulnerable to specific learning disorders out of sample of 837 children. Total 13 (7.5%) children were diagnosed as suffering from different specific learning disorders from vulnerable participants. From vulnerable cases, 1(7.7%) childfulfilled the diagnostic criteria of reading impairment, 3 (23.1%) were diagnosed with mathematics impairment, 4 (30.8%) with multiple impairments in mathematics and writing, 1 (7.7%) with multiple impairments in mathematics and reading, 1 (7.7%) with multiple impairments in reading and writing, and 3 (23.1%) children were diagnosed as suffering from multiple impairments in mathematics, reading and writing.
Continuous...
A useful anaesthetic technique for ovarian germ cell tumour along with acute kidney injury in young Asian lady
Authors: Dileep Kumar  , Muhammad Suleman  , Mehreen Malik  , Admin
Published: January 2021

We report mixed germ cell tumour, presented with acute kidney injury in an unmarried 22 years old Asian girl. Our case demonstrated an aggressive approach with multidisciplinary teamwork ascertained outstanding clinical outcome. She managed successfully for fertility-sparing surgery and three cycles of Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin (BEP) therapy. Patient’s pathophysiology returned to normal within weeks and she converted tumour-free. Furthermore, the three years follow up scans and biomarkers were evident for tumour negativity. Continuous...
Incidence of endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti VEGF injections at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Fiza Shaheen  , Muhammad Amer Awan  , Aiman Hafeez  , Aqdus Haq  , Ramsha Zainab  , Admin
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: It is to report the rate of infectious endophthalmitis (IE) with Anti VEGF injection in our set up and compare our procedure protocols with those being practiced on international and local level.
Methods: A single hospital based retrospective, consecutive case series conducted at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad after taking International Review Board (IRB) approval from the hospital’s ethics review committee. Total 7542 Anti-VEGF injections; 5976 (79.2%) Bevacizumab (Avastin), 1081 (14.3%) Ranibizumab (Patizra/ Lucentis) and 485 (6.4%) Aflibercept (Eylea) were administered to 2734 patients in a clean room in an office based setup during the 5 years i.e. August 2014 to July 2019.  
Results: Only a single case of IE occurred during the study period that led to IE rate of 0.01% (1 out of 7542 injections) compared to the 0.028% previously reported in international literature and 0.027% in a local study. IE was successfully treated with 25 gauge pars plana vitrectomy.
Conclusion: Our results depict that Anti VEGF injections can be administered in a clean room as a routine procedure in an office based setup by following standard sterilization protocols. Also, we strongly discourage the practice of giving same day bilateral IVT injections as this put the patients at the risk of bilateral IE leading to grave consequences. Timely diagnosis and intervention are pivotal in the management of this devastating complication.
Keywords: Bevacizumab, Endophthalmitis, Intravitreal injections, Continuous...
تأثير أسلوب نشاطي الأخذ والعطاء في ترقية قدرة الطلاب على المحادثة
Authors: Muhammad Ikbal
Published: January 2021

Darul Ulum Islamic Modern Boarding School is a school that is located in Banda Aceh. The school concerns not only on the English learning process but on the Arabic learning process as well.  From the preliminary research on the school, it was found the students still face a lot of difficulty in expressing their ideas orally although they had memorized a lot of vocabularies. It was caused by they did not have enough practice to speak in Arabic in their daily activities in the dormitory. Thus, finding a suitable method to make the students able to speak fluently is the important thing to do. One of the methods is by using the Take and Give method. This method is one of the methods which are used in Curriculum 2013. The aim of this study was to find out how is the implementation of Take and Give model in teaching muhadhasah. Besides, this study also aimed to find out the influence of Take and Give model in increasing students’ ability in Muhadhasah. This study used a quasi experiment method which means that the study was conducted without a control group. 30 students in Class VA at Darul Ulum Islamic Modern Boarding School were taken as the sample of this study. In order to collect the data needed, one instrument was used. That was a test (Pre-test and Post-test). The result of the research showed that; 1) The implementation of Take and Give model of learning in Muhadhasah gave a meaningful influence to the students, 2) The implementation of Take and Give model of learning in muhadhasah was effective in increasing the learners’ ability in Muhadatsah. It was shown by the result of T-Test that is bigger than the result of Table Test) or it can be said that if the value of sig. (2-tailed) is smaller than 0,005 that is 0,000, it was accepted
(KTSP) تطوير مواد تعليم اللغة العربية في ضوء المنهج على مستوى الوحدة التعليمية
Authors: Wahyu Mimbar
Published: January 2021

Babul Maghfirah Is one Of junior high Schools located in Aceh Besar which gives high attention to Arabic Learning In This Rase, It is one of 13 Junior high Schools In Aceh Besar which still Implements School-Based Curriculum (KTSP) in Teaching learning process. That is why, the write intended to conduct a Research under the title “ The Analysis  of Arabic Material in School-Based Curriculum design” The present research was aimed to Find Out : 1) The Obstacle Faced by the Teacher in transferring the material in school-Based Curriculum design, 2) The Strength and weakness Of School-Based Curriculum method, and 3) The analysis of Arabic learning from cognitive, effective and Psikomotor view in School-Based Curriculum design. Descriptive Qualitative design was used in this research so that the writer used Questionnaire, Observation, and Interview to collect the data needed. Furthermore, all students (24 students) of grade VIII were become the sample of this research. After Conducting the research, it was Found that : 1) most of the Teachers had lack understanding toward the School-Based Curriculum it self. It was caused by the Curriculum was not a perfect design and still need a futher development: 2) Lack of  understanding in “Nahwu and Qawai’id” material was one of the weakness of KTSP in cognitive. It made The Students hard to master the method of giving the line, gathering new vocabularies and expression. Thus, it led them to be unable to speak Arabic, Affectively, the Students were more exsited to learn Arabic with School-Based Curriculum design, in psikomotor aspect, the writer found that students had good Capability in Performing “ istima’kalamQira’ah and Khitabah”. They also tonded to motivate each other. 3) After Conducting observation, Interview and Questionnare, It was also found that the Material of Arabic Language in School-Based Curriculum did not meet to Students need
تأثير التعلم النشاطي في ترقية مهارة اللغة عند الطلاب ( دراسة تجريبية في مجمع الفتيان بأتشيه)
Authors: Rosmiati
Published: January 2021

The teaching process needs a good teaching method to obtain the academic goals, and this process did not reach success without the teacher adopting a correct method in the teaching process. And if the teacher does not choose the appropriate method of teaching, then he will fail in the teaching process. Away from this failure, the teacher must use the appropriate method in teaching to achieve the desired objectives in the educational process. The active learning method is one of the effective and attractive way in conducting the teaching and learning process, in this way the teacher attracts students' attention a lot because it exercises the students an active role in the learning process, by interacting with what they hear, watch or read in the classroom, and they observe, compare, and explain, generate ideas, and communicate with colleagues and mentors in an easy and flexible way. So students never feel bored and confused while learning. This research aims to find out the effect of application active learning in improving  the language skills of students in  Alfityan Aceh Islamic Junior High School. The researcher uses the experimental curriculum as the basic curriculum, and the community for this research is all students from the second grade of the Islamic Junior High School, which number 124 students. As for his sample, it is the students from the second grade (b) as the control group, and the students from the second grade (c) as the experimental group, as their number is 38. The research tools in this research are direct observation, personal interview, pre-tests and post-tests. And in the teaching process, the researcher applied the Card method in teaching the skill of listening and reading, solving problems in teaching writing skills and grammar, and playing roles in teaching the skill of speaking. As for the results obtained by the researcher, it is that the application of active learning has a positive effect in raising students' ability and efficiency in controlling the Arabic language. The evidence for this statement, as we see in the hypothesis test, is that the statistic t score = 4,85 is greater than the significant result of the significance level 3,5822 = 9.99% (0.001)
استخدام فيديو الكرتون لترقية قدرة الطلبة على مهارة الاستماع
Authors: Jailani
Published: January 2021

Learning media is an element of some important factors in learning proces for achievenent of educational goals. Learning media is a method in which the teachers as an implementer of learning activities for imparting knowledge to student. The application of this media must be appropriate with the material which can realize the goal of education. Cartun vidios method is a media that requires student to concern about thier skill on learning, comprohending, expressing, reading and writing. The media requires student to listen and repeat what is head in the form of arabic speech until they can speak an converse in arabic.
تطوير وسيلة تعليم اللغة العربية اعتمادا على سباركول محرر الفيديو
Authors: Mauliza  , Syukran
Published: January 2021

This research aims to develop media in arabic learning by using SparkolVideoscribe in order to make the learning process more effective and interesting.The research method used descriptive quantitative research. The type of research is research and development (R&D).Data collection technique was carried out using interviews and questionnaires while the data analysis technique was carried out using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the feasibility of learning media based on SparkolVideoscribe in Arabic according to media experts and material experts is proper.The validation results of media experts is 93% and material experts is 100%. All the results of the questionnaire recapitulation at the product validation stage have likely criteria
PERAN DA’I DESA DALAM MEMBINA MASYARAKAT DESA SEMELAKO 1 DI KABUPATEN LEBONG
Authors: Marpelta Poby , Anrial Anrial , Kamil Pajrun
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to find out a depiction of the role of Da'i in Semelako 1 Village, Lebong Regency, Bengkulu, in fostering the community. This study applied a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were observation and interviews. After the data were collected, the data were further analyzed using Miles’s et al approach. This study revealed the following conclusion: First, Da'i activities in delivering da'wah to the people of Semelako 1 Village, Lebong Tengah Sub-district, Lebong Regency, were not going well because the Da’i did not have a plan; the preaching pattern was still monotonous; the materials used were not yet well-organized and very much set according to the wishes of the mad'u / audiences; and the methods used were less varied. Second, the supporting factors of Da'i in efforts to develop religion were the supports from the village’s government and religious leaders in the form of appeals to participate in Islamic study activities, and the provision of facilities and infrastructure such as mosques and prayer rooms. The inhibiting factors extended to the level of the economy classified as underprivileged, and the busy routines of people who worked as farmers every day so that they prioritized fulfilling family needs rather than attending Islamic study activities.