bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MISSION AND ROLE OF THE SOCIAL EDUCATOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Chuiko O.
Published: April 2020

The last three years have been associated with a change in the status of social pedagogy as a branch of scientific knowledge and professional practice, as a result of which it was transferred from the pedagogical branch to the branch of social work. In addition, serious social changes in Ukraine, related both to the development of democracy in society, the implementation of humanitarian reforms, and the emergence of a number of social problems (war, population migration, poverty, the crisis of the family institution, etc.), indicate the need for changes in the field of professional assistance aimed at ensuring the psychological well-being of citizens.

Today, there is some uncertainty regarding the main aspects of the profession of a social educator in society. But the content of this activity in the context of the deployment of professional practices in educational institutions, in particular in a secondary school, causes no less contradictions. The main idea is to autonomize the position of a social educator. A social educator should become a conductor of the philosophy and policy of the functioning of the educational environment, which is safe for the child, humanistically oriented, developing personal potential, providing appropriate material, physical, psychological, spiritual resources. His activities should be aimed at a critical assessment of the team's progress towards progress, a clear response to the negative social influences of the educational environment on the personality of the child, participation in planning the impact of events on the personality of the child and the acquisition of a positive socialization experience. His mission is to improve the quality of human life through the harmonization of human-environment relations, and the goal of the activity is to create conditions for positive socialization and effective integration of man in society.
Neurobiological risk factors in the formation of internet addiction in adolescence: vital hypotheses and the nearest perspectives
Authors: Tereshchenko S.Y. , Smolnikova M.V.
Published: April 2020

Objectives. The review summarizes the currently available data on neurobiological risk factors for the formation of Internet addiction (IA) in adolescents, and also indicates the most promising areas of research in this area. Background. The rapid emergence and spread of IA in teenage populations, combined with the rapid change in consumed content due to the general availability of mobile access to the network and the emergence of new devices, poses new challenges for classical psychology and fundamental medicine that need to be addressed urgently. Like most other chronic psychopathological conditions, pathological heart failure belongs to the group of multifactorial polygenic diseases, where in each case there is a unique combined effect of congenital features of the functioning of higher nervous activity, some of which are genetically determined (structural features of the structure of the nervous tissue, spectrum of secretion, degradation and the reception of neurotransmitters) with the influence of many environmental factors (family, social, ethnocultural). Methodology. To date, a large number of studies have been conducted to study the pathogenesis of IA using various neuroimaging techniques. Using twin studies while taking into account ethnic differences, the genetic component of susceptibility to IA was established, in addition, a serious comorbidity of Internet addiction was revealed. Conclusions. One of the most important fundamental tasks of studying Internet addiction is the identification of specific genes and neurotransmitter associations that are respon¬sible for the predisposition to the formation of Internet addiction, which will allow searching for new therapeutic targets and ways for early prevention with an assessment of the degree of genetic risk.
Information and communication technologies and family relations: harm or benefit?
Authors: Dubrov D.I.
Published: April 2020

Objectives. Summarizing the results of research on the impact of information and communication technologies on family social capital. Background. In recent years, public and scientific discourse has constantly raised questions about how modern information and communication technologies (ICT) af¬fect interpersonal relations and family relations in particular. Studies on the impact of information and communication technologies on family social capital show conflicting results. Conclusions. Conventionally, the results of these studies can be combined around four hypotheses: 1) “Displacement hypothesis” — ICT displace direct interaction between family members and reduce the level of social capital in the family; 2) “Activation hypothesis” — ICT on the contrary contribute to the development and maintenance of relations between family members; 3) “Enrichment hypothesis” — families with inherently strong bonds and social resources benefit even more from the use of ICTs in terms of social interaction, and in families with inherently weak bonds, they will be further weakened by the use of ICTs; 4) “Social compensation hypothesis” — ICT is a kind of copping strategy that allows an individual to cope with stress due to family conflicts, low social capital, as well as to develop social interaction skills and create strong social ties for those individuals who initially did not develop these relations due to external (disability, etc.) and personal reasons (isolation, introversion, etc.). Each of the distinguished hypotheses is considered in more detail.
Relative deprivation and an avoidance coping in network communication
Authors: Belinskaya E.P. , Agadullina E.R.
Published: April 2020

Objective: the relationship between a relative deprivation and communication in social networks, in particular, with avoidance coping in the situations of communicative difficulties. Background: the study is focused on coping with difficult situations through the analysis of meta-determinants of construction of the representations about social world, in particular, in the conditions of social network interaction among youth persons. Study design and participants: the study was conducted as a survey involving 193 active users of the social network Vkontakte. Measurements: a double mediation model was tested with a relative deprivation as an independent variable, avoidance coping as a dependent variable, and a perceived threat and an attribution of aggressive intentions as the mediators of this relationship. Results: the results indicate that a relative deprivation is associated with an increase of perceived threat, which in turn increases a likelihood of attributing to people with dissimilar values and attitudes of “bad” intentions and leads to avoiding network interaction. At the same time, the results demonstrate that group threat does not a significant mediator of the relationship between a relative deprivation and network behavior. Conclusions: relative deprivation is associated with avoidance coping in social network communication both directly and indirectly through the actualization of additional social and cognitive variables.
Efficiency of learning and academic motivation of students in conditions of online interaction with the teacher (on the example of video-lecture)
Authors: Panferov V.N. , Bezgodova S.A. , Vasileva S.V. , Ivanov A.S. , Miklyaeva A.V.
Published: April 2020

The objective is to study the relationship between students’ online lecture assessment, the quality of learning and academic motivation. Background. Digitalization of education actualizes the problem of the online-learning effectiveness, which might decrease through reducing the social presence of the teacher and students in the educational situation. Due to these conditions, students’ motivation might mean a great deal. Study design. Students evaluated the classroom lecture and its video using the parameters “interest”, “content” and “usefulness”, and then the scores and the volume of the reproduced educational material were compared. Participants. The study involved 112 students (19.55±0.66 years, 83.9% of women). Measurements. Students evaluated lectures on the proposed parameters using a 7-point scale and retold their content. Students’ motivation was measured by “Academic Motivation Scale”. In addition, students reported about their professional plans and professional experience. Results. Students assessed video lectures lower and reproduced their content worse in comparison with classroom lectures. Assessments of the video lecture content were positively correlated with the students’ intrinsic cognitive motivation, and the volume of the reproduced content of the lecture was negatively correlated with extrinsic motivation. The influence of intrinsic cognitive motivation and extrinsic motivation of students on the assessment of the video lecture content and the volume of the reproduced content was confirmed by a variance analysis. Conclusions. In terms of online interaction, the students’ subjective assessments of the classroom lectures are reduced. Intrinsic cognitive motivation prevents the reduction of sub¬jective assessments of the video content. Extrinsic motivation helps to reduce the reproduced content of the video lecture.
Assessment methodology of involvement in information and communication technology using
Authors: Tatarko A.N. , Maklasova E.V. , Lepshokova Z.K. , Galyapina V.N. , Efremova M.V. , Dubrov D.I. , Bultseva M.A. , Bushina E.V. , Mironova A.A.
Published: April 2020

Objective of the study is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the degree of involvement in the use of ICT in various areas of life. Background. Modern social and physical environments are saturated with digital incentives that encourage people to get involved in interacting with these environments through information and communication technologies (ICT). However, to this date, there are no psychological instruments that comprehensively assess the involvement of individuals in the use of ICTs. Study design. The study was conducted using a socio-psychological survey. To measure involvement in the use of ICT, an authoring methodology was developed and validated. Participants. The study included two samples. The first sample included 859 respondents (average age 36.1 years; 32% of males). The second — 171 respondents (35% of males; age range from 25 to 44 years). Measurements. For data processing, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach coefficient alpha, and correlation analysis were applied in the SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 20 programs. Results. Good results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate the presence of reliability-consistency of the methodology. The final version of the methodology includes 4 scales: “Economic actions on the Internet”, “Communication on social networks”, “Using a smartphone”, “A variety of areas of ICT use”. The empirical and external validity of this methodology was also evaluated, as a result of which we received confirmation of these types of validity from the developed methodology. Conclusions. The technique developed by the authors is reliable and valid and can be used both for research and for applied purposes.
Game as a method for increasing the efficiency of legal thinking
Authors: Osvetimskaya Iya I.
Published: April 2020

The present paper has as its object the investigation of the methodological basis for improving the effectiveness of legal thinking in game. The place of legal thinking is defined as a constitutive component of law and as a way of constructing legal reality. This paper identifies the problem of the need to improve the efficiency of legal thinking, proposes criteria for effective legal thinking (competitiveness, creativity, productivity, risk-orientation, proactivity, speed) and justifies why the game is the main methodological tool to increase the effectiveness of legal thinking. This paper focuses on the intersubjective context of the game, on the game methodological designs features, on the peculiarities of the game in the context of globalization. The problem of the educational crisis is designated primarily as a methodological crisis associated with the application of traditional teaching methods to the generation that requires new creative teaching methods. It is substantiated that the game from a methodological point of view allows to reorient the teaching of the discipline from the preferential appropriation of knowledge by students to their predominantly creative development and use. Unlike traditional teaching methods, the game helps not to accumulate and organize knowledge, but to generate it. Thanks to the game, a new type of thinking is being formed creative thinking.
A few words about the history of modern democracy
Authors: Kerimov Alexander D. , Halipova Elena V.
Published: April 2020

This article focuses on the history of the development of democracy from the time of the French Revolution to the present. The authors argue that the prevailing trend here is the transformation of the abovementioned political regime into, so to speak, a democratic dictatorship, which is a duumvirate of big capital and the upper stratum of the political establishment fused with it. It is this circumstance that gives the basis to some researchers, with whose position the authors are absolutely in solidarity, to declare the appearance of such a largely new socio-political and economic phenomenon as the corporation-state.
The role of legal intellection in the lawmaking mechanism
Authors: Petrova Ekaterina A.
Published: April 2020

The article gives the authors interpretation of legal intellection as a special kind of professional thinking. It is underlined that legal intellection is directly connected with lawmaking, since the law is a result of both of these processes. The main directions of its influence on the elements of the lawmaking mechanism are considered. The author interprets lawmaking mechanism as a set of interrelated and interdependent technical and legal elements that support law creation. These elements include the law-makers; law-making methods and techniques; the rules of claw; forms (sources) of law. It is noted that the lawyers belonging to a particular type of legal understanding determines the understanding of lawmaking process. The author analyzes the influence of legal thinking style, determined by legal traditions of various legal families, on application of various forms of law as a result of lawmaking. The examples from Russian and American legal reality are given. The problem of legal intellection level of lawmakers is discussed, because of its influence on the quality of sources of law. It is concluded that legal intellection as a special kind of professional thinking permeates all types of legal activities and, first of all, directly affects the specifics of the lawmaking mechanism, determining the content of its main elements: the law-makers are the holders of legal intellection; methods, techniques of law-making are determined by the stylistic features of legal thinking; the quality of the forms of law created in the lawmaking process directly depends on the legal thinking level of their creators.
Great, judicial reform as a factor in the formation of legal thinking of the Russian lawyers
Authors: Efremova Nadezda N.
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes the modern problems of legal professional thinking in modern Russia caused by the transitional state and certain instability of the legislation, changes in the tasks and content of legal education, the pluralism of legal understanding of representatives of different legal schools and areas of jurisprudence, national peculiarities of legal mentality and legal consciousness of the population and the professional community of lawyers. Similar problems, complicated by the immaturity of the legal profession and legal education in the Russian Empire of the pre-reform period, were known in Russian history. The authors comparative legal analysis revealed these similarities and the main factor that determined the way and means of formation of professional legal thinking, in particular, as well as the new legal consciousness of both individual and social, and group (i.e. professional legal community), in General, in the post-reform period. The values of the new organization of justice, the development and defense of their lawyers of the new formation contributed to the solution of these problems. A special role in this process belonged to the new impetus for the development of legal doctrine, based not only on the borrowing of ideas and doctrines of the West, but also the formation of national concepts based on a combination of recognized as universal Western and traditional religious and moral domestic values, characterized by pluralism of approaches to the understanding of law and the state and their relationship. The new judicial legislation, the very creative process of its application, in turn, did not influence the formation of new legal thinking. The legal community was United in professional corporations, both official councils of attorneys at law and informal law societies at universities, which in turn contributed to the promotion of new legal values, combining the efforts of lawyers, practitioners, scientists and teachers. Such cooperation has undoubtedly benefited the jurisprudence of theoretical and practical Study and the use of domestic historical experience in this area can be useful for solving todays problems related to legal thinking.
Tactics of presenting evidence by a prosecutor in a judicial investigation
Authors: Pavlova Elena V.
Published: April 2020

The article deals with individual issues of the tactics of participation of the prosecutor the public prosecutor in the basis of the part of the judicial investigation in criminal cases, which is connected with the presentation of evidence of the prosecution. It is noted that at present in the matter of determining the order of examining evidence by the parties, a unified position has been formed of both theorists and practitioners. They recognize the complete independence of the parties to determine this procedure in accordance with the tactics chosen by them.

At the same time, the author draws attention to the fact that theoretical and methodical works still do not pay enough attention to the content and essence of this activity of the prosecutor in court, despite their obvious importance. His activity in the judicial investigation largely depends on the importance of tactical methods of presenting evidence and the ability to apply them. If he does not have the appropriate professional baggage, he will have considerable difficulty in the adversary process.

The author sets out his own position regarding the content of evidence presented by the prosecutor the public prosecutor, proposes to include a definition of the relevant concept in the terminological apparatus of science of criminal procedure law and to fix it in the criminal procedure law. A derivative of it is the definition of the notion of tactics for the presentation of evidence by the prosecutor the public prosecutor. Conclusions are formulated on the need to intensify the development of up-to-date recommendations on the tactics of presenting evidence of a charge in a judicial investigation in criminal cases on crimes certain types
O processo de transformação do futebol como elemento da identidade nacional brasileira
Authors: Silva Pires de Freitas Guilherme , Gonzaga Godoi Trigo Luiz
Published: April 2020

Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de transformação do futebol como elemento da identidade nacional brasileira. A modalidade transformou-se em paixão e patrimônio nacional na primeira metade do século XX, consolidando-se principalmente entre as décadas de 1930 e 1950. Neste período o futebol brasileiro foi utilizado como instrumento político durante o Estado Novo, causou forte comoção nacional após a derrota para o Uruguai na final da Copa do Mundo no Maracanã em 1950 e finalmente atingiu sua consagração com o título mundial em 1958. Após a conquista da Taça Jules Rimet os brasileiros assumiram de vez esta prática esportiva como parte de sua identidade nacional fortalecendo ainda mais a expressão que o Brasil era o “país do futebol”.
Futebol e política: transculturação e transformação no mundo da língua portuguesa
Authors: Vejmelka Marcel , Loureiro Cornelsen Elcio
Published: April 2020

Apresentação do v. 4, n. 3, set.-dez., 2019.
Mais branco do que preto na ditadura militar brasileira: a Democracia Corinthiana, o sindicalismo, a rebeldia e o rock and roll
Authors: Nascimento Sarmento-Pantoja Augusto
Published: April 2020

Este estudo discutirá o documentário Democracia em preto e branco (2014), de Pedro Asbeg, e suas relações entre política, futebol e música. O documentário, comemorativo dos 30 anos do fim do movimento Democracia Corinthiana (1982-1984), é uma especial homenagem ao Dr. Sócrates, a figura mais emblemática do movimento político-esportivo, falecido em 2011. O filme traça seu argumento na esperança de compreender como o movimento Democracia Corinthiana sai dos campos de futebol e se transforma na ponte política para engrossar a massa de protestos a favor da democracia e pelas eleições diretas para presidente da república no Brasil. Entre as contribuições do filme para o debate entre política e futebol temos o destaque para o lateral esquerdo Wladimir, que seria, na ocasião, o principal fomentador de um projeto sindical entre os jogadores de futebol, que entretanto ficou legado a condição de coadjuvante de Sócrates e Casagrande. O primeiro marcado pela associação de mártir do movimento e o segundo pela rebeldia, rock ‘n’ roll, representante da geração 80. Nossa reflexão, busca discutir as estratégias de resistência e autoritarismo para que o movimento, tanto da democracia quanto das diretas, se tornasse mais branco do que preto. Colaboram para esse estudo reflexões de Norberto Bobbio, Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, Alfredo Bosi e Elcio Cornelsen.
O “lápis azul” no sport português – política, desporto e media
Authors: Pinheiro Francisco
Published: April 2020

Este artigo pretende analisar os processos de Censura dos principais jornais desportivos portugueses, por parte do regime fascista, fazendo uma reflexão alargada sobre a relação entre política e desporto no contexto do fascismo português. O objetivo é compreender as dinâmicas do denominado “lápis azul” da Censura sobre este género de imprensa especializada e identificar as interferências do regime nas visões sobre desporto. Procedeu-se, para isso, à análise dos processos de Censura dos principais jornais desportivos portugueses, entre os anos 20 e 60 do século XX, envolvendo A Bola, Mundo Desportivo, O Norte Desportivo e Record. Procurou-se identificar as ocorrências mais relevantes, as tipologias de punições por parte dos serviços de Censura e as formas de controlo e coação da imprensa desportiva adotadas pelo regime.
Kewenangan Kreditur dalam Menjual Obyek Jaminan Tanah dan Bangunan Letter C tanpa Melalu Lelang
Authors: Hidayati Nuri , Permadi Iwan , Santoso Budi
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe the authority of creditors to direct sell warranty objects in the form of land and building Letter C without passing the auction. This study uses normative juridical research methods that study and analyze the application of rules, acts, positive legal norms contained in legislation, jurisprudence, and contracts. This study uses a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The results show that creditors are authorized to sell warranty objects in the form of land and Letter C buildings without auctions but through underhand sales.
PERSAINGAN ANTARA OJEK ONLINE DENGAN OJEK KONVENSIONAL DI STASIUN LEMPUYANGAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Setiyorini Kiki , Hendrastomo Grendi
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persaingan yang terjadi antara ojek online dengan ojek konvensional di Stasiun Lempuyangan, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan untuk mengetahui upaya apa saja yang sudah dilakukan guna mengatasi persaingan yang ada. Persaingan ini melibatkan empat paguyuban ojek konvensional dan dua komunitas ojek online. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Adapun pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan narasumber penelitian; ojek konvensional, ojek online, dan pihak kementrian Perhubungan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa persaingan antara ojek online dengan ojek konvensional di Stasiun Lempuyangan, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan harga pada kedua jenis ojek tersebut, di mana tarif ojek online lebih murah dari pada ojek konvensional, yang berakibat pada menurunnya pendapatan bagi ojek konvensional. Persaingan yang terjadi terlihat pada penetapan harga dan proses mendapatkan penumpang. Adapun upaya yang sudah dilakukan guna mengatasi persaingan yang ada adalah berupa peraturan pengambilan penumpang bagi ojek online untuk tidak mengambil penumpang di depan stasiun. Kesepakatan ini disepakati bersama antara ojek online dengan ojek konvensional di Stasiun Lempuyangan, meski begitu masih saja terdapat pihak ojek online yang melanggar peraturan yang sudah disepakati tersebut.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v3i12018p029
NARASI KUASA PEREMPUAN PEKERJA BISNIS ONLINE
Authors: Sukmi Sih Natalia
Published: April 2020

Jumlah angkatan kerja di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan jumlah partisipasi perempuan untuk bekerja. Faktanya deskriminasi perempuan dalam sektor ekonomi formal dan informal belum terselesaikan. Di sisi lain internet memberi peluang bagi perempuan untuk bekerja tanpa harus meninggalkan rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana konstruksi sosial perempuan pekerja usaha online terhadap definisi kerja dan bagaimana teknologi (internet) memberi kuasa bagi perempuan untuk mengembangkan keberdayaan mereka. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan teori kuasa pendekatan Michel Foucault dan Gramsci untuk memahami bagaimana kuasa digunakan perempuan dalam interaksinya dengan teknologi dan sistem patriaki serta sistem sosial budaya yang lebih luas. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah deskriptif eksploratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan mempunyai kuasa terhadap teknologi. Dia mendapat keuntungan secara praktis seperti menghasilkan pendapatan, lebih dihargai dan dapat berinteraksi dengan lingkungan di luar. Namun ketika diperhadapkan dengan sistem patriakri dan sistem sosial yang lebih luas, perempuan nyatanya powerless. Dia terhegemoni dengan status keperempuanannya dengan menyebut dirinya “bukan pekerja”, hanya “menambah penghasilan suami” dan tetap berbeban ganda untuk menjaga keseimbangan wilayah domestik dan publik. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v3i12018p055
PENGARUH DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP KETAHANAN KELUARGA TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA
Authors: Saefullah Lalu , Giyasih Sri Rum , Setiyawati Diana
Published: April 2020

Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat dukungan sosial dan ketahanan keluarga TKI dan pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap ketahanan keluarga TKI. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrumen dukungan sosial yang diadaptasi dari House dan Khan. Instrumen ketahanan keluarga menggunakan Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire (WRFQ). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 156 responden keluarga inti TKI yang merupakan anak, atau istri, atau suami, atau Ortu dari TKI yang dipilih secara acak di Desa Darmaji Kecamatan Kopang Lombok Tengah NTB. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Tingkat dukungan sosial yang diterima keluarga TKI mayoritas cukup baik. (2) Tingkat ketahanan keluarga TKI mayoritas cukup baik kecuali pada suami TKW, mayoritas ketahanan keluarganya rendah. (3) Keluarga TKI yang resilien terdapat sistem keyakinan yang kuat (mean paling tinggi). (4) Dukungan sosial dan ketahanan keluarga memiliki korelasi yang sangat kuat (R= 0,816) serta terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara dukungan sosial dan ketahanan keluarga TKI (Sig F hitung = 0,00 < 0,05). (5) Analisis tambahan pada hasil uji beda, yaitu ketahanan keluarga TKI dipengaruhi juga oleh struktur keluarga TKI yang ditinggalkan dan besarnya jumlah remitan. (6) Aspek dan sumber dukungan sosial yang paling berkontribusi dan signifikan terhadap ketahanan keluarga yaitu; (a) Perspektif anak : dukungan istrumental dari luar sumber dukungan sosial penelitian ini. (b) Perspektif istri : dukungan instrumental dari lingkungan masyarakat. (c) Perspektif suami dan orang tua : dukungan penghargaan dari lingkungan masyarakat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v3i22018p119
Myxomycetes of Eşmişek Plateau (Kırıkhan-Hatay)
Authors: BABA Hayri , SEVİNDİK Mustafa
Published: April 2020

The present study covers the myxomycetes obtained from the natural environment with the Humidity Chamber Technique at Eşmişek Plateau in 2018 and 2019. From the field and laboratory studies, 35 species were identified belonging to16 genera within the 9 families. Only two species were collected in natural environment, while 33 species were obtained with the Humidity Chamber Technique. In the present study, it was determined that Didymium difforme (Pers.) Gray, Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers, Comatricha nigra (Pers.) J. Schröt, C. ellae Härk. were the most prevalent species.
Süne, Eurygaster integriceps’in Put. (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) Diyapoz Öncesi ve Diyapoz Sonrası Erginlerinden Hazırlanan Fosfolipit Altsınıflarının Yağ Asidi Bileşiminindeki Değişiklikler
Authors: BAŞHAN Mehmet , TALAY Mehmet , KARACA Vedat
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada, süne, Eurygaster integriceps’in diyapoz öncesi ergin ve diyapoz sonrası erginlerinin fosfatidilkolin (PC), fosfatidiletanolamin (PE), fosfatidilinositol (PI) ve fosfatidilserin (PS) gibi fosfolipit (PL) altsınıflarının yağ asidi kompozisyonundaki değişiklikler araştırılmıştır. Fosfolipit alt sınıflarının ayrılmasında İnce Tabaka Kromatoğrafisi tekniği, yağ asitlerinin analizinde ise Gaz kromatoğrafi cihazı kullanılmıştır. Eurygaster integriceps’in PL altsınıflarında gözlenen dominant yağ asitleri, doymuş yağ asitlerinden (SFA) palmitik asit (16:0), tekli doymamış yağ asitlerinden (MUFA) oleik asit (18:1n-9) ve çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinden (PUFA) linoleik asit (18:2n-6) idi. Diyapoz öncesi ve diyapoz sonrası erginlerin PC, PE ve PS fraksiyonlarının yağ asidi içeriğindeki değişikliklerin benzer olduğu bulunmuştur. Diyapoz sonrası erginlerin bu fraksiyonlarında 16:0, 18:0 ve ∑SFA yüzdeleri diyapoz öncesi erginlere oranla daha düşük; ancak16:1n-7, ∑MUFA, 18:2n-6 ve ∑PUFA ise daha yüksek olarak bulunmuştur. Sünenin diyapoz sonrası bireylerin PE ve PC fraksiyonlarındaki 18:1n-9 düzeyi, diyapoz öncesi bireylerden önemli derecede daha yüksek olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diyapoz sonrası erginlerin tüm PL altsınıflarındaki doymamış yağ asitlerinin doymuş yağ asitlere oranı (UFA/SFA), diyapoz öncesi erginlerden daha yüksek bulunmuştur.
Arı Otu (Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham)’nun Vejatatif Dönemlerinin Ot Verimine, Besin Madde İçeriğine ve Metan Üretimine Etkisi
Authors: AKBAY Fatma , KAMALAK Adem , EROL Adem
Published: April 2020

Araştırma, Kahramanmaraş ekolojik koşullarda, 2017-2018 yılı vejetasyon dönemlerinde (tomurcuklanma, %50 çiçeklenme ve tam çiçeklenme) hasat edilen arı otunun (Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham) ot verimini ve besin madde içeriğini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; bitki boyu 40.03-83.12 cm, yeşil ot verimi 535-1332.3 kg da-1 ve kuru ot verimi 69.36-338.48 kg da-1 arasında değişmiştir. Kimyasal bileşenler incelendiğinde; ham kül (HK) %14.05-19.17, ham protein (HP) %6.45-9.65, ham yağ (HY) %2.20-3.05, asit deterjan lif (ADF) %25.4-30.63 ve nötr deterjan lif (NDF) %41.49-47.84 arasında değişmiştir. Arı otu bitkisinin gaz, metan üretimleri, metabolik enerji (ME) ve organik madde sindirim derecesi (OMSD) sırasıyla 41.70-48.18 ml, 4.62-5.19 ml, 8.24-9.32 MJ /kg DM ve % 64.01-74.53 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Vejetasyon dönemi ilerledikçe bitki boyu ot veriminde ve hücre duvarını oluşturan unsurlarda artış olmasına rağmen ham protein, metabolik enerji ve organik madde sindirim derecesinde düşüşler meydana gelmiştir. Bu yüzden ruminant hayvanlar için iyi kaliteli ot elde etmek amacıyla arı otu ilk iki vejetasyon döneminde hasat edilebileceği önerilir.
Análisis microbiológico de superficies en contacto con alimentos
Authors: Caro-Hernández Paola Andrea , Tobar Jorge Armando
Published: April 2020

De acuerdo a las estadísticas en Colombia los brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos se han incrementado, encontrándose los restaurantes e instituciones educativas dentro de los lugares más implicados. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la inocuidad microbiana de las superficies vivas e inertes en contacto con alimentos en restaurantes formales e informales y puestos de comida ambulante cercanos a un campus universitario. En total se seleccionaron 41 superficies para el análisis de bacterias mesófilas aerobias y Coliformes totales, que fueron posteriormente identificadas mediante pruebas bioquímicas rápidas. Los resultados evidenciaron contaminación cruzada, con altos porcentajes en bacterias mesófilas aerobias, y aunque la mayoría de los recuentos de coliformes totales se encontraron dentro del límite permisible, la identificación bacteriana demostró la presencia de varios géneros de la familia Enterobacteriaceae. Además, se demostró que la capacitación en manipulación higiénica de alimentos es un buen instrumento para minimizar los recuentos de bacterias en superficies.
tasa natural de desempleo en Colombia 2001-2018: evolución y estimaciones
Authors: Ramos Cristina Isabel , Álvarez García Rubén Darío
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar la estimación de la tasa natural de desempleo para Colombia y contrastar los resultados con las estimaciones que se han realizado previamente. Para lograr este propósito se estima la curva de Phillips ampliada por expectativas, con datos trimestrales para el período 2001-2018, utilizando el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y el método generalizado de los momentos. Los resultados evidencian la no existencia de una curva de Philips en Colombia para el período de estudio y permiten calcular una tasa natural de desempleo del 6,23%.
Abstracts from the 2020 OAS Annual Meeting
Authors: Ohio Academy of Science The
Published: April 2020

The 129th Annual Meeting of The Ohio Academy of Science, described herein, was not held due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, all abstracts were peer-reviewed and constitute valid scientific publications.
SHIPPING EMISSION DISPERSIONS ON THE PORT OF AMBARLI VIA CFD MODELLING
Authors: ÜNLÜGENÇOĞLU Kaan , YURTSEVEN Ahmet , ALARÇİN Fuat
Published: April 2020

Maritime transportation is taken into account as an environmentally friendly transportation option. Approximately 90% of the world trade is done by sea transportation and growing of globalized world conditions increase shipping and port emissions. The use of heavy fuels on ships and the positioning of port areas close to the habitats affect the health of people living in coastal cities. Accordingly; NOx, SOx, PM and CO2 emissions are especially limited for international regulations by International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the European Union (EU).
In this study, real-time air quality measurements of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO and NO2 emissions are performed for three months where the measurement tool is located in the Port of Ambarlı, Marport Terminal. The ships are monitoring during berth and manoeuvring around the critical dates and times at the terminal. The hourly values of real-time emission data measurements are shown for 25 May to 15 August 2017. Critical dates and times which are the highest value of the all emissions are determined between measured dates. SO2, NO, CO and CO2 emissions are investigated for different wind speeds using a single ship positioned at different angles and two ship models in different operating modes via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling.
Irrigation water quality in smooth lettuce cultivation
Authors: Oliveira Fabrício Thiago Moura , Oliveira Lucas Guilherme Moura , Nascimento Thiago Magalhães do
Published: April 2020

Qualitative characteristics of surface and groundwater resources have been poorly verified by agricultural producers, who often irrigate their crops with contaminated water. This work aimed to analyze the quality parameters of two water sources (cistern and Brejão Lagoon) used by vegetable producers around the Brejão Lagoon in Sete Lagoas (MG) and to evaluate the influence of water quality on the growth of butterhead lettuce. Physico-chemical and microbiological analyses of the water sources used for irrigation were carried out, in addition to evaluating the height of the plants. The results of the physical-chemical analyses showed that the water studied is contaminated with fecal coliforms, 16.0 NMP (most likely number) in both samples, but at levels acceptable for Conama. For the electrical conductance, the water from the Brejão Lagoon presented a value of 119.7 mg L-1what is about 6 x greater than that observed in the water from the cistern, which presented a value of 18.89 mg L-1. The quality of the irrigation water did not influence the growth of butterhead lettuce. The pH of the two irrigation water sources used, fit in the values established by Conama. The vegetables’ irrigation sources are contaminated with microorganisms of fecal origin, but that contamination is still within the levels acceptable by Conama. Leafy vegetables can be used as a vehicle of infection for producers and consumers. According to the value determined for the electrical conductivity by Cetesb, the water from the Brejão Lagoon is not within the determined standards.
Zinc as promoter of growth and biochemical activity in basil cultivars under in vitro conditions
Authors: Comar Caroline Galego , Barbosa Edinara Maria , Pereira Vanusa Souza Rocha , Lima Julliane Destro de , Santana Thiago Teodoro , Magalhães Hélida Mara
Published: April 2020

In vitro cultivation of basil allows the manipulation of the concentration of certain micronutrients, commonly neglected by the micropropagation protocols. It is a plant of great economic importance for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, due to the components present in its essential oil. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate zinc (Zn) concentrations in the micropropagation of basil, in addition to antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds. Basil seeds, cultivars Manolo and Grecco Palla were oxygenated for 4 h, passed through asepsis and placed in test tubes with MS medium supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose and 6.5 g L-1 agar and pH adjusted to 5.8. The treatments were composed by the addition or not of 25 μM of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and arranged in a completely randomized design. The tubes containing the seeds and the culture medium were kept in a growth chamber for 90 days. The cultivar Manolo was more sensitive to the addition of ZnSO4 due to the increase in the number of leaves and in the antioxidant activity, however, the addition of this component in the culture medium did not influence the production of phenolic compounds or the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and APX.
Soil tillage to produce cassava roots with less physical limitations in pasture succession
Authors: Takahashi Mário , Fidalski Jonez
Published: April 2020

Traditional cassava cultivation involves mechanical manipulation of the soil with one plowing and two harrowings, a practice that may generate problems such as soil erosion, compaction and nutrient loss. These issues may be even bigger in sandy soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cassava roots components and the soil physical attributes in planting rows and between planting rows in tillage systems substituting the conventional tillage before the Mombasa grass pasture (Panicum maximum), in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil. Soil tillage treatments in 2014 were carried out as follows: conventional (disc harrow, moldboard plow and disking), minimum (disc harrow and chisel plow - clod breaking) and zero tillage. In 2015, soil samples were collected in layers 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m deep, between, and within cassava planting rows, for soil bulk density and macroporosity determinations. Number of plants, number of tuberous roots per plant, fresh and dry mass of cassava tuberous roots were evaluated as well. The soil physical attributes within the planting rows negatively affected the production of cassava tuberous roots in zero tillage in succession to the Mombasa grass pasture. The minimum and conventional tillage systems did not present soil physical limitations to the cassava yield components in succession to Mombasa grass pasture. Minimum tillage may be an alternative to conventional tillage without compromising soil physical attributes and cassava root yield in the Mombasa pastureland reform areas, in northwestern Paraná.
FATORES SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS E CLÍNICOS RELACIONADOS À QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM PACIENTES ESTOMIZADOS INTESTINAIS
Authors: Kimura Cristilene Akiko , Silva Rodrigo Marques da , Guilhem Dirce Bellezi , Modesto Karina Ribeiro
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: verificar a associação dos fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos na qualidade de vida de pacientes estomizados intestinais. Método: estudo transversal e analítico, realizado com 73 pacientes estomizados intestinais, que responderam um formulário sociodemográfico e clínico e o City of Hope Quality of Life Colostomy patients, em fevereiro de 2016. Utilizou-se a regressão linear com método backward e significância de 5% no Statistical Package for Social Science. Resultados: idade e prática de religião aumentaram a qualidade de vida geral. Praticar a religião, estar desempregado, não ser tabagista, receber acompanhamento ambulatorial e o número de contribuintes da renda levaram ao maior bem-estar físico. Menor idade e maior tempo após a cirurgia implicaram maior bem-estar psicológico. Menor idade e sexo feminino associaram-se ao menor bem-estar social. Estar desempregado resultou em menor bem-estar espiritual. Conclusão: os fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos contribuíram para alteração da qualidade de vida dos pacientes estomizados intestinais.

Descritores: Estomia. Qualidade de Vida. Estudos Transversais.
Morphological Changes of the Thymus of the Juvenile White Rats Exposed to the Inhalation of Formaldehyde
Authors: Vash I. Yu.
Published: April 2020

The aim of the article is to study the morphological features of the thymus of the white rats exposed to the inhalation of formaldehyde.

Material and methods. 72 white male rats with an initial body weight of 130–150 g were were exposed to formaldehyde at a concentration of 2.766 mg/m3. Exposures were carried out once a day during 60 minutes. Exposure durations were 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days. We separately studied the thymus of rats, which, after 60 days of exposure to formaldehyde, were kept for 30 days in standard vivarium conditions (rehabilitation group). The structure of the thymus was studied by light microscopy.

Results. The number of cells in an area of 2500 μm2 of the subcapsular zone in animals exposed to formaldehyde for 10, 20, and 30 days was 131.19±4.20, 135.65±7.74, and 135.35±10.83, respectively, which was less than the control set by 4.35%, 4.68% and 3.72%, respectively. After 40 and 60 days, this indicator was below the control by 8.90% and 9.63%.

Conclusion. Inhalation of formaldehyde reduces the area of the thymus cortex. Phenomena of inversion of the cortex and the medulla are observed. Under the influence of formaldehyde, a picture of so called «starry sky» is observed in the cortical substance of the thymus. A decrease in the severity of changes in the thymus of rats belonging to the rehabilitation group, in comparison with animals that received 90 exposures, indicates that the changes are reversible.
Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Development of Simulated Radio-Induced Lung Damage and their Correction with Pulmonary Surfactant
Authors: Kirillov Yu. A. , Chernov I. A. , Malysheva E. M. , Timofeev S. E. , Kukushkin V. I. , Zharkov N. V. , Rozenberg O. A.
Published: April 2020

Radiation exposure to the chest organs used in the complex treatment of neoplasms is often accompanied by the development of radiation pneumonitis, fibrosis and respiratory failure.

The aim of the study was to evaluate oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in radio-induced lung damage and possibility of their correction with a pulmonary surfactant preparation.

Material and methods. Lung tissue samples of 82 male Wistar rats were investigated in the study. Single local irradiation of animals was performed with the X-ray RUM-17 unit at a dose 12 Gy. The quantitative content and fractional composition of phospholipids of pulmonary surfactant were determined in the study. Oxidative stress was detected using Raman spectroscopy, endothelial dysfunction was detected immunohistochemically.

Results. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction were registered starting from the first day of the experiment, and manifested by an increased content of free radicals and a decrease in endothelial function indices supported by precise spectroscopic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. With application of Surfactant-BL preparation oxidative stress manifestations were eliminated to the beginning of the intermediate stage of the experiment, and were preserved without correction until its completion.

Conclusions. Three-fold intratracheal administration of a pulmonary surfactant preparation implements an antioxidant, immunomodulatory and compensating effect attenuating the alterative effect of oxidative stress and its initiating impact on the development of endothelial dysfunction. Native surfactant having a pronounced effect on all components of the lung tissue including alveolocytes of the first and second types and endothelial cells of the capillaries of the lung results in the correction of endothelial dysfunction.
Morphofunctional Changes and Compensatory Mechanisms in the Human Brain with Aging and in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Ishunina T. A. , Bogolepova I. N. , Swaab D. F.
Published: April 2020

The article focuses on age-related morphofunctional changes in the human brain and the issue of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms developed in normal aging. According to the scientific literature, the volume of white matter is reduced to a greater extent with aging, the fact associating with myelin fibers degeneration, the appearance of Virchow–Robin spaces and a decrease in the effectiveness of the blood-brain barrier. Atrophic processes in gray matter are currently associated not only with the death of neurons, but with degenerative changes in synapses, a decrease in their number, and reduction of dendritic branches and spines. A decrease in the size of pericarions resulting in a decrease in the number of large neurocytes and an increase in the proportion of small neurons is noted in certain brain structures. However, age-related neuronal hypertrophy is observed in the nuclei of the hypothalamus, Meinert’s basal nucleus. This is mostly manifested in the female group, and is undoubtedly associated with a decrease in estrogen levels and the period of menopause. An increase in the metabolic activity of neurons manifested by related changes in the size of the pericarions and nuclei of neurons and their Golgi complex can be attributed to compensatory-adaptive mechanisms that can delay or prevent the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Neurons with a higher metabolic activity have better ability to self-repair. Due to this, neuron reactivation techniques are being developed with aging based on the selection of the correct stimulus. The growth of the glial cell population is also considered to be compensatory, since these cells are crucial for neuron adaptation and able to affect the level of neuronal RNA synthesis. Furthermore, the article highlights literature data on possible triggers of the compensatory capabilities of the brain with aging and under pathological processes.