bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Histology and Histopathology of the Dental Innervation
Authors: Bradlaw Robert
Published: July 2019

The presence of a perivascular neural plexus in the periodontal membrane suggests that the dental structures have both sensory and autonomic nerve supply. The fibres described by Mummery are unaffected by section of the inferior dental nerve although there is marked degeneration in all demonstrable nerves. Nerve-fibres have been observed describing simple and complex looping in the odontogenetic zone and others which, running tangentially between the odontoblast layer and the dentine, form a very definite nerve plexus. Attached to these nerve-fibres are numerous round or pear-shaped bodies which may be either nerve-cells or end-organs. Definite nerve-fibres have been traced into the dentine. The convoluted forms described by growing nerve-fibres approaching transplanted teeth did not resemble the nerve-loops previously reported in the periodontal membrane of monkey and man. Plexiform nerve-fibres have been seen in the gum of the cat and varicose nerve-fibres in the gum of the sheep. In man, intra-epithelial fibres have been observed which pass from the intra-papillary neural coils to terminate near the surface of the epithelium in knob-like endings. No abnormality of innervation has been found in supernumerary teeth and teeth from cleft palates, dentigerous and ovarian cysts, and in the pulps of denticles from compound odontomes. Since there is no difference in the innervation of heterogenous and autogenous tooth-germ transplants, whether of normal or abnormal form, it would seem that abnormalities of form are not due to abnormal innervation. The development and degeneration of the peripheral nerves and the changes produced in the dental innervation by local and general disease in man and experimental animals are described and discussed.
The Radiological Diagnosis of Neoplasms of the Urinary Tract
Authors: Williams Rohan
Published: July 2019

The responsibilities of the radiologist in the diagnosis of urinary tract neoplasms are discussed: a strong plea is made for the routine use of pyelography in all cases in which renal tumour is suspected, and it is suggested that too much reliance is placed on the excretion method alone.

From the radiological viewpoint, renal tumours may be considered in the following three groups: (1) Parencymal tumours. (2) Tumours of renal pelvis. (3) Extrarenal tumours resembling renal tumours on clinical examination.

The radiological signs which may be found in each group are described in detail, including the signs from plain radiography, instrumental pyelography, and excretion urography.

The significance of non-excretion in small renal tumours receives attention. It is suggested that this is a sign of renal vein neoplastic thrombosis.

The characteristics of osseous metastases from carcinoma of the kidney are considered with illustrative examples.

Neoplasms of the ureter and their differential diagnosis are considered.
The Effect of the Inclination of the Pelvic Brim and the Shape and Inclination of the Upper Sacrum on the Passage of the Head through the Upper Pelvis
Authors: Malpas Percy , Hamilton C. J. K.
Published: July 2019

Engagement of the Head does not depend only on the size and shape of the brim, but also on the angle of inclination of the brim. The methods of determining this inclination are considered and the angle between the plane of the brim and the front of the body of the 5th lumbar vertebra is found to furnish the best index of the inclination. Analysis of a series of cases shows that this angle varies considerably. Its postural range is demonstrated.

When the inclination is high the head does not easily engage although the measurements may be normal, and a high inclination is one of the commonest causes of unexpected dystocia.

Because these cases are usually selected for a “trial of labour”, criteria are necessary to select the cases suitable. Success or failure of trial labour in these cases depends on the amount of room in the upper pelvis. A part from the actual size of the true conjugate the amount of room is shown to depend both on the sacral inclination, a method of measuring which is described, and the shape of the upper sacrum, which shows considerable vriation. A common type of pelvis causing dystocia is one in which the inclination of the brim is high and the upper sacrum is relatively vertical and convex. Pelves of this type do not always fit into any of the standard classifications.

The uses and limitations of postural treatment of these cases are discussed.
The Culture of Tubercle Bacilli from Laryngeal Swabs
Authors: Nassau E.
Published: July 2019

In a considerable proportion of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis there is no spontaneous expectoration, especially in female patients and patients under collapse treatment. A simple and efficient method is described to obtain suitable material for bacteriological examination in these cases. A laryngeal swab, made up from a piece of wire with cotton-wool wrapped round its end, is passed down the larynx and the patient asked to cough. Two swabs are taken from each patient. The swabs are passed through sterile test tubes containing 10% sulphuric acid and 2% sodium hydroxide solutions for five minutes in each and 2 Petragnani media inoculated with each swab. The cultures are examined after five days for contamination, and after twenty-eight days for macroscopical colonies of tubercle bacilli. The results obtained in two groups of cases of 166 and 107 patients were: 37.95% and 54.20% positive cultures respectively. The highest positive figures were obtained in female patients. Thus tubercle bacilli were demonstrated in a considerable proportion of cases previously regarded as sputum-negative or having no sputum. Apart from diagnosis the method gives valuable help in judging the efficiency of treatment. The finding of bacilli in early infiltrative lesions is of considerable practical as well as theoretical importance.
Failure in Hospitals — Success in General Practice [Abridged]
Authors: Fry A
Published: July 2019

Dr A Fry describes the types of case which can be dealt with successfully in general practice, when treatment in hospital is often a failure.

Dr Ian Gregg describes research on chronic bronchitis and asthma, which he considers are distinct conditions. He found measurement of peak expiratory flow valuable in the diagnosis of early chronic bronchitis. He suggests the most important factor in the development of both diseases is structural damage to the bronchial airways.

Dr E Tuckman describes an investigation into the families of children who are backward readers. He found a greater degree of maladjustment in the families of backward readers than in control families, and suggests that psychotherapy to the mothers may be more useful than treating the children.
Review of Points at Which Drugs Can Interact
Authors: MacGregor Alastair G
Published: July 2019

The prescribing of mixtures is unfortunately traditional and has a psychological appeal, which is being encouraged by many manufacturers. Doctors must have a sound working knowledge of the mode of action of modern drugs in order to use them effectively and safely, particularly when they are used together.

In this context ‘drug’ means any biologically active substance. Interaction between drugs can be inapparent (if equal and opposite), antagonistic or synergistic. This includes summation and potentiation.

Interaction between drugs can arise in a variety of ways: directly; in the intestine or other absorptive site; in transit; at the receptor or at another site in the same biological system; by accelerating or slowing drug metabolism; or by influencing excretion.

Most of these mechanisms are considered in detail in this Symposium. With greater understanding of underlying mechanisms many of the untoward interactions now being increasingly reported might be foreseen and avoided.
Keeping the Goal in Sight: Testing the Influence of Narrowed Visual Attention on Physical Activity
Authors: Balcetis Emily , Riccio Matthew T. , Duncan Dustin T. , Cole Shana
Published: July 2019

Rates of physical inactivity continue to rise in the United States. With this work, we tested the efficacy of a strategy affecting the scope of visual attention designed to promote walking as a form of exercise. Specifically, we examined the influence of narrowed attention on the frequency (Studies 1a, 1b, and 3) and efficiency (Studies 2 and 4) of physical activity in general (Studies 1 and 2) and within exercise bouts measured across multiple days (Studies 3 and 4). We provide convergent evidence by investigating both individual differences in (Studies 1 and 2) and experimentally manipulated patterns of visual attention orienting (Studies 3 and 4). We discuss implications of attentional strategies for self-regulation and fitness.
Integrated commodities in the digital economy
Authors: Athique Adrian
Published: July 2019

At the heart of the digital economy is the willful imposition of a powerful combination of hardware and software, time and data, surveillance, prediction and behavourial control. This article argues that a central ambition of digital society has been the pursuit of an integrated commodity form. The novelty of this integrated commodity stems not only from the convergence of production and consumption but also from the subsumption of sociability itself. As a consequence, we are required to consider all social actions within digital society as being transactions enshrined within an economy of integrated markets. Our acceptance of these new commodity relations is paving the way for a ‘great integration’ of simultaneous transactions across different social domains. Borrowing from Karl Polanyi’s account of an earlier transformation, this article will propose that the prerequisites of digital society and the integrated commodity form have been established through the constitution of a series of ‘fictitious commodities’.
Clinicopathological presentations and surgical outcomes of esophageal melanoma
Authors: Urabe Masayuki , Haruta Shusuke , Ohkura Yu , Inoshita Naoko , Yago Akikazu , Koga Shuhei , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Ueno Masaki , Udagawa Harushi
Published: July 2019

Background

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis; the optimal treatment strategy has yet to be established. This study aimed to clarify clinical features, courses, and outcomes of patients undergoing surgical resection of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus.

Methods

Six patients with primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus, in whom the absence of other primary melanomas had been confirmed, were selected from the medical database maintained in Toranomon Hospital. Their clinicopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results

All 6 patients (five males and one female) underwent radical esophagectomy with three-field regional lymphadenectomy, and none received neoadjuvant therapy. Tumor invasion was classified into T1 in 5 (83%) cases and T3 in one (17%). Four (67%) patients had nodal metastases (one N1, one N2 and two N3). No distant metastatic lesions were detected preoperatively in any of our cases. Postoperative surveillance revealed recurrence in all 6 patients, and 5 (83%) died of the disease. The median overall survival was 24 months. One patient with a T3N3M0 tumor was treated after surgery with a dacarbazine-nimustine-vincristine regimen followed by irradiation for bone recurrence and survived for 87 months postoperatively. Another patient with a T1N3M0 tumor who survived for 27 months after liver and bone recurrence was treated with nivolumab, ipilimumab, and dacarbazine.

Conclusion

Although the courses of patients with primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus were consistently unfavorable, surgical resection with multidisciplinary therapeutic modalities may prolong survival in some cases.
Adherence to a DASH-style diet and cardiovascular disease risk: The 10-year follow-up of the ATTICA study
Authors: Bathrellou Eirini , Kontogianni Meropi D , Chrysanthopoulou Evaggelia , Georgousopoulou Ekavi , Chrysohoou Christina , Pitsavos Christos , Panagiotakos Demosthenes
Published: July 2019

Background:

Recent findings suggest a protective role of the DASH dietary pattern on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality.

Aim:

In this direction, we aimed at investigating the relationship between adherence to a DASH-style diet and CVD risk in a Greek cohort.

Methods:

This sub-sample from the ATTICA epidemiological study consisted of 669 adults with a complete dietary profile at baseline, adequate to calculate DASH-diet score, and complete 10-year follow-up (2002–2012). Demographic, clinical and lifestyle parameters were thoroughly assessed at baseline and CVD incidence was recorded upon medical records at follow-up. Adherence to the DASH-style diet was assessed by a DASH-style diet score developed for the study (range 9–45).

Results:

Mean value (SD) of the DASH-diet score was 27.1 (5.1) (range 13–41). Adherence to a DASH-style diet was associated neither with the 10-year CVD risk nor with baseline clinical parameters. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, after appropriate adjustments, only age (46% increase per 5-life-years) and BMI (9.7% increase per unit of BMI) were associated with 10-year CVD events.

Conclusions:

In this small cohort of a Mediterranean population, a cardioprotective effect of a DASH-style diet was not detected.
The relationship between early-onset chondromalacia and the position of the patella
Authors: Özel Deniz
Published: July 2019

Background

There are many underlying accelerator factors for chondromalacia and one of the well-known factors is patellar malalignment.

Purpose

To evaluate the relationship between early-onset chondromalacia and patellar position; and, second, to evaluate the value of patellar malalignment criteria.

Material and Methods

Patients aged 18–40 years with advanced chondromalacia were included. For comparison, a control group was defined with the same number of individuals of the same mean age. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sagittal view with the greatest patellar length was used to obtain the patellar height measurement with the Insall-Salvati index. For the remaining three indices—modified Insall-Salvati, Caton-Deschamps, and Blackburne-Pell—a sagittal view with the greatest patellar articular surface was used. Discordance was defined as contradiction with the measured index and the other three indices.

Results

Both patella alta and baja were found to be predisposing factors for chondromalacia. Modified Insall-Salvati index was the most concordant measurement to define patella alta.

Conclusion

Both patella alta and patella baja were found to predispose to chondromalacia. Patella baja is rare, which may explain why it is not often mentioned as a predisposing factor. The modified Insall-Salvati index ratio was the best patella alta indicator that showed chondral status, more than patellar placement, and was more concordant with the other indices. Blackburne-Pell had the second highest number and ratio of discordance. BP cannot be optimally calculated because deciding the location of the tibial plateau seems to be problematic since it is a three-dimensional and complicated structure.
Comparative Evaluation of Biomechanical Performance of Titanium and Stainless Steel Mini Implants at Different Angulations in Maxilla: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Sabley Kshitij Hemant , Shenoy Usha , Banerjee Sujoy , Akhare Pankaj , Hazarey Ananya , Karia Himija
Published: July 2019

Objective: To assess and compare the tensions and deformations (stresses and strains) generated after application of two types of forces (traction and torsion) in miniscrews of two different materials (titanium and stainless steel) placed at five different angulations.

Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional models of the posterior maxillary area and the mini-implants were constructed using computer-aided design software program (CATIA P3 V5-6 R2015 B26 / 2016; Dassault Systèmes). Titanium and stainless steel materials were used for miniscrews. The area constructed was in between the maxillary second premolar and first molar. The models with mini-implants were inserted at five different angulations (30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°). Torsional and tractional forces were applied on these implants, and the models were solved using ANSYS 10.0. Stress generated in implant and in the cortical and cancellous bones was evaluated and compared at all the five angulations.

Results: Stress generated in stainless steel mini-implant during torsional and linear force application was less when compared with titanium mini-implant. Also, stress generated in implants of both materials increased as the angle increased from 30° to 90°. Difference in stress generated by stainless steel implant in the cortical bone for both linear and torsional forces was less when compared with titanium implant, whereas for cancellous bone, the difference was insignificant at all the angles.

Conclusion: Irrespective of angles, difference in stress generated in stainless steel implants and titanium implants for both the forces was not significant, and hence, stainless steel implants can be used effectively in a clinical setting.
Examining the Influence of Work–Family Conflict on Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment Among Correctional Officers
Authors: Vickovic Samuel G. , Morrow Weston J.
Published: July 2019

Correctional officers perform a unique job that can lead to various negative outcomes. Understanding factors that can have harmful effects on important organizational attitudes like job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment is imperative for the effective management of correctional institutions. Using survey data from 641 correctional officers employed at two Southwestern state-run prison facilities, the current study examines the influence of two measures of work–family conflict (WFC, strain- and time- based) on job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment while controlling for many known antecedents of these variables. The results suggest that strain-based conflict is a significant predictor of job stress and job satisfaction, while time-based conflict only predicted job satisfaction. Neither measure of WFC had a significant relationship with organizational commitment. These findings are further contextualized in the discussion section with an emphasis on potential policy implications.
Province-level estimation of waste mobile phones in China and location planning of recycling centers
Authors: Wang Juntao , Mishima Nozomu
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to uncover the spatial distribution of waste mobile phones and perform a preliminary optimization of the location of waste mobile phone recycling centers in China. This study first selects the best-suited among the logistic, Gompertz, and Bass models to forecast the per capita holding quantity of mobile phones. Combined with the population projected by the GM(1,1) and logistic models, the spatial distribution of waste mobile phones is uncovered through the stock-based model. Finally, a mixed-integer programming model is established to optimize the location of recycling centers upon the spatial distribution of waste mobile phones. Accordingly, the logistic model is concluded as the best-suited in terms of forecasting the per capita holding quantity of mobile phones for all 31 provinces in mainland China. The spatial distribution of waste mobile phones indicates the largest number in Guangdong, Shandong, and Jiangsu while the fewest are in Xizang, Qinghai, and Ningxia, in 2016. Furthermore, a remarkable increase in waste mobile phones from 2016 to 2036 in Guangdong and Beijing is projected. The location planning study indicates that a total of 175 recycling centers will be required to cover all waste mobile phones in China in 2036. Guangdong, Beijing and Zhejiang are the top three provinces regarding the number of recycling centers, with 29, 12, and 11 centers, respectively. The authors also propose the effective promoting of waste mobile phone recycling through regional cooperation and the establishment of regional management centers. The results of this study are expected to benefit waste mobile phone recycling in China.
The Evolution of Private Sector Retirement Income From Defined-Benefit Pensions to Target-Date 401(k) Plans
Authors: Kilgour John G.
Published: July 2019

Traditional employer-sponsored defined-benefit pension plans in the private sector that provided lifetime benefits have declined precipitously since 1985. They have been largely replaced by Section 401(k) plans in which investment control, market risk and longevity risk have been transferred from the employer to the participant. Most participants opted for the low-yielding money market plan default option, which proved inadequate for providing viable retirement income. The Pension Reform Act of 2006 made two important changes to 401(k) plans: (1) allowed automatic enrollment and (2) allowed target-date funds as a “qualified default investment alternative.” This article examines the evolution from defined-benefit pensions to target-date funds and the closely related collective investment trusts.
Investigation of the influence of melt-impregnation parameters on the morphology of thermoplastic UD-tapes and a method for quantifying the same
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Wilms Erik , Beste Christian , Schneider Daniel , Fischer Kai , Stender Sebastian
Published: July 2019

During the production of unidirectional fibre-reinforced thermoplastic semi-finished products (UD-tapes) in melt-impregnation processes, parameters such as melt viscosity, production speed and impregnation die setup have a significant influence on the quality of the produced UD-tapes. These influences are investigated in this article by producing UD-tapes in an extrusion-based melt-impregnation process with varying impregnation parameters. To quantify the homogeneity of the fibre distribution, a method is presented and applied, in which microscopic cross-sectional images of the UD-tapes are analysed and a homogeneity coefficient is calculated. The porosity is also determined by analysing microscopic cross-sectional images of the UD-tapes. The results show that a decreased melt viscosity and a high number of redirection elements in the die have a positive influence on the homogeneity of the fibre distribution. Furthermore, a significant influence of the melt viscosity, the production speed and the die setup on the porosity was proved.
Analysis of energy dissipated by damping for paper honeycomb sandwich plate-block system
Authors: Liang Ning , Wang Dongmei , Guo Yanfeng , Yang Rui , Liao Qianghua , Bai Ziyou , Fu Yungang , Luo Chen , Zhu Hong
Published: July 2019

The vibration transmissibility of paper honeycomb sandwich plate was tested and the vibration transmissibility curve was simplified and characterized. Based on the basic principle of vibration mechanics, the equation for calculating the energy dissipated by damping of paper honeycomb sandwich plate-block system during vibration was deduced. Furthermore, the effects of honeycomb structural parameters (cell length, sandwich plate thickness) and block mass on the damping energy dissipation were analyzed. The results showed that the curves of vibration transmissibility for paper honeycomb sandwich plate can be divided into three regions: plateau region, amplification region, and attenuation region. The vibration transmissibility ratio in different regions can be expressed as functions of frequency. The energy dissipated by damping of paper honeycomb sandwich plate-block system depends on its vibration transmissibility. If the vibration transmissibility ratio–frequency curve is obtained, the damping energy dissipation of the system can be calculated. The total energy dissipation of paper honeycomb sandwich plate-block system during vibration is about equal to that of plateau region, and the energy dissipated in amplification and attenuation region can be neglected. Different honeycomb structural parameters have the same effect on the damping energy dissipation of the system. Block mass has little effect on the damping energy dissipation in plateau region and the total energy dissipation during vibration but has a greater impact on the energy dissipation in the amplification and attenuation regions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basic method for calculation of energy dissipated by damping and evaluation of anti-vibration property for packaging material.
Challenges to supporting social justice through food system governance: examples from two urban agriculture initiatives in Toronto
Authors: Hammelman Colleen
Published: July 2019

Urban agriculture continues to gain traction in cities across North America. Many such efforts pursue social justice objectives with mixed success. This paper examines two urban agriculture projects in Toronto, Canada, to demonstrate the challenges of pursuing social justice goals via urban agriculture. Despite a long history of municipal and civil society support for urban agriculture in Toronto, stakeholders continually face bureaucratic obstacles that make growing food on public land inaccessible for groups without significant resources. Relying on Swyngedouw’s theories of the post-political condition, this paper finds that a seemingly depoliticized food governance focusing exclusively on processes of urban agriculture obscures questions about who benefits from such processes, which can pave the way for uneven development. This research contributes to literature on environmental justice and food governance by attending to municipal challenges to achieving social justice goals in urban agriculture projects.
Numerical modelling of phase change material melting process embedded in porous media: Effect of heat storage size
Authors: Talebizadeh Sardari Pouyan , Walker Gavin S , Gillott Mark , Grant David , Giddings Donald
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of enclosure size in latent heat thermal energy storage systems embedded in a porous medium for domestic usage of latent heat thermal energy storage heat exchangers. A 2-D rectangular enclosure is considered as the computational domain to study the heat transfer improvement for a phase change material embedded in a copper foam considering a constant heat flux from the bottom surface. Different dimensions of the composite system are examined compared with a system without a porous medium. The thermal non-equilibrium model with enthalpy-porosity method is employed for the effects of porous medium and phase change in the governing equations, respectively. The phase change material liquid fraction, temperature, velocity, stream lines and the rate of heat transfer are studied. The presence of a porous medium increases the heat transfer significantly, but the improvement in melting performance is strongly related to the system's dimensions. For the dimensions of 200 × 100 mm (W × H), the melting time of porous-phase change material with the porosity of 95% is reduced by 17% compared with phase change material-only system. For the same storage volume and total amount of thermal energy added, the melting time is lower for the system with a lower height, especially for the phase change material-only system due to a higher area of the input heat. The non-dimensional analysis results in curve-fitting correlations between the liquid fraction and Fo.Ste.Ra −0.02 for rectangular latent heat thermal energy storage systems for both phase change material-only and composite-phase change material systems within the parameter range of 1.16 <  Ste < 37.13, 0 <  Fo < 1.5, 2.9 × 104 <  Ra < 9.5 × 108, 0 <  L f < 1 and 0 <  Fo.Ste.Ra −0.02 < 0.57. Over a range of system's volume, heat flux and surface area of the input heat flux, the benefit of composite phase change material is variable and, in some cases, is negligible compared with the phase change material-only system.
Social Determinants of Health and the Onges of Andaman Islands
Authors: Banerjee Anita
Published: July 2019

The issue of the necessity to either mainstream the tribes or leave them in their present habitat has been taking place for quite some time. But efforts at ensuring their healthy existence have not been taken up seriously. Various committees have been constituted in the past to discuss about their status and providing them benefits. But the concerns regarding health which can be ensured through simple yet conscious means have been neglected. In the context of the people in the mainstream, often the importance of this model is advocated for healthier life. The same can also be extended to the tribal population with a little effort. The present study is an attempt to highlight through the social determinants of health model, how one such reclusive tribe residing in Andaman Islands, that is the Onges, can be made to live a better and healthier life.
Patient and Health Care Provider Needs and Preferences in Understanding Pharmacogenomic and Genomic Testing: A Meta-Data Analysis
Authors: Veilleux Sophie , Bouffard Maud , Bourque Bouliane Mijanou
Published: July 2019

Tests that feature genomic indicators can now be used to guide the pharmacological treatment of patients. To better identify the needs and preferences of patients and health care providers in facilitating their understanding of information related to such pharmacogenomic tests (PGx), a review of literature on knowledge translation and health literacy in the context of testing was conducted. Using a grounded theory-based approach, a comparative analysis of data from 36 studies meeting the criteria for the meta-data analysis has revealed the recurrence of three principal themes: (a) knowledge and understanding of genetics and pharmacogenomics; (b) experiences with genetic, genomic, or PGx testing (decision about the test, information delivery, and understanding of test results); and (c) educational/informational resources. This synthesis sheds light on each theme from the standpoint of both patients and health care providers and suggests avenues in which to direct efforts to support the introduction of pharmacogenomic tests in current practice.
Teams in Management Education
Authors: Morgan Shona D. , Stewart Alice C.
Published: July 2019

The most recent recipient of the JME Lasting Impact Award, “Lessons from the Best and Worst Student Team Experiences: How a Teacher can make the Difference,” by Bacon, Stewart, and Silver (1999) is an elegantly presented examination of how the set of decisions made by instructors regarding team assignments affect student experience. An analysis of subsequent Journal of Management Education articles finds three identifiable streams of research associated with their seminal work: the approach to peer evaluation, the impact of team formation policy, and the importance of team assignment structure to effective learning outcomes. Fruitful areas of future research for more impactful and productive team assignments are offered.
Multidisciplinary design optimization of a gear train transmission
Authors: Mahiddini Brahim , Chettibi Taha , Benfriha Khaled , Aoussat Amézian
Published: July 2019

This article presents a method for multidisciplinary design optimization of a one-stage gear train transmission for an industrial application. The formulation and implementation that enable the integrated design of the gearbox elements (gears, shafts, and bearings) are detailed. The analytical formulation problem is based on four disciplines: product reliability, customer preference, product cost, and structure. The proposed integrated design process takes into account constraints imposed by quality standards. The optimization of the gear train transmission is performed according to a multidisciplinary feasible architecture and uses a population-based evolutionary algorithm (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II) to generate Pareto-optimal fronts. Finally, a detailed case study is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
What Are the Benefits and Risks Associated With the Use of Vancomycin Powder in the Wound During Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA) or Other Foot and Ankle Procedures?
Authors: Slullitel Gaston , Tanaka Yasuhito , Rogero Ryan , Lopez Valeria , Iwata Eiichiro , Yamamoto Yusuke
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

Though one study supporting topically applied vancomycin has shown it to reduce the rate of deep infection in diabetic patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery, there is insufficient evidence to show benefits or to show any risks associated with the use of vancomycin powder during total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) or other foot and ankle procedures in a general population.

Level of Evidence:

Consensus.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
Should Aspiration of the Ankle With an Antibiotic Spacer Be Performed Prior to Reimplantation?
Authors: Fuchs Daniel , Parekh Selene G.
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

We recommend that aspiration of the ankle with an antibiotic spacer prior to a second-stage reimplantation be strongly considered. Available studies indicate that a positive culture of the aspirate in this setting is predictive of residual infection, while a negative aspirate culture does not rule out infection and should be interpreted in light of other clinical indicators and laboratory values.

Level of Evidence:

Consensus.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 92%, Disagree: 8%, Abstain: 0% (Super Majority, Strong Consensus)
What Is the Role of Molecular Techniques for Detection of Pathogen Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) (Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] or Next-Generation Sequencing) in Patients With Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Emara Khaled , Aiyer Amiethab , Rogero Ryan
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

Molecular techniques, particularly next-generation sequencing and the Ibis T5000 technology, have the potential to be used as an important adjunct in the diagnosis of bacterial infection following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), although sufficient clinical evidence is lacking.

Level of Evidence:

Limited.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
Is There a Role for Suppressive Antibiotics in Patients With Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) of Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA) Who Have Undergone Surgical Treatment?
Authors: Parekh Selene
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

Culture-directed antibiotic therapy is recommended for patients undergoing operative treatment of infected total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Routine administration of suppressive antibiotics in patients with an ankle prosthesis in place is not warranted; however, in certain clinical circumstances, this may be of benefit.

Level of Evidence:

Consensus.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
What Is the Treatment “Algorithm” for Infection After Ankle or Hindfoot Arthrodesis?
Authors: Ellington Kent , Hirose Christopher B. , Bemenderfer Thomas B.
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

There is no universal algorithm for addressing the infected ankle or subtalar arthrodesis. A potential algorithm created by consensus is:

Level of Evidence:

Consensus.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus).
Recurrence rate and long-term course of cats with feline lower urinary tract disease
Authors: Kaul Elisabeth , Hartmann Katrin , Reese Sven , Dorsch Roswitha
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) causes clinical signs such as stranguria, pollakiuria, haematuria, vocalisation and periuria, and is often associated with recurring episodes. The primary objective of this study was to survey the long-term course of cats presenting with FLUTD in terms of recurrence rate and mortality.

Methods

Data from cats that were presented with lower urinary tract signs from 2010 to 2013 were collected by telephone interview with cat owners, using a questionnaire. The observation period ranged from the first presentation due to FLUTD to the telephone interview or the cat’s death. Data on diagnoses, recurrence of clinical signs and disease-free intervals, as well as implementation and impact of prophylactic measures (PMs), were collected and compared between groups with different aetiologies.

Results

The study included 101 cats. Fifty-two cats were diagnosed with feline idiopathic cystitis, 21 with urolithiasis and 13 with bacterial urinary tract infection; 15 had no definitive diagnosis. Of the 86 cats with a known diagnosis, the recurrence rate was 58.1%, with no significant difference between groups. Twenty-one cats had one relapse, 12 had two relapses, 10 had three and seven had four to eight relapses within a median observation period of 38 months (range 0.5–138 months). Fourteen cats suffered from different causes of FLUTD at different episodes. Mortality due to FLUTD among all 101 cats was 5.0%. The recurrence rate in cats with urolithiasis receiving at least two PMs was significantly lower than the recurrence rate in those without PMs ( P = 0.029).

Conclusions and relevance

More than half of the cats with FLUTD presented with two or more recurrent episodes irrespective of the identified aetiology. Cats should be thoroughly investigated at each presentation as it cannot be presumed that the cause of FLUTD is the same at different episodes. The mortality due to FLUTD is lower than previously reported.
Engaging the Millennials: The Citizens’ Initiative in Finland
Authors: Huttunen Janette , Christensen Henrik Serup
Published: July 2019

Millennials’ disengagement from institutionalized politics has been a cause for concern among scholars and pundits. Consequently, there is an increased interest in possibilities to mobilize them through new participatory mechanisms, but the results are still unclear. We contribute to this research agenda by examining whether the Finnish citizens’ initiative mobilized the millennial generation with data from the Finnish National Election Survey from 2015 (FNES2015). Furthermore, we use the civic voluntarism model (CVM) to explore what factors explain the involvement of millennials in supporting citizens’ initiatives to determine whether users differ from non-users and whether CVM works differently for millennials as compared to the general population. Our results show that millennials are frequent users of the initiative. We find few significant differences between millennial users and non-users, suggesting that using the citizens’ initiative is egalitarian among millennials. We also find no evidence that the CVM model works differently for millennials.
A Pilot Survey of Potentially Hazardous Trace Elements in the Aquatic Environment Near a Coastal Coal-Fired Power Plant in Taiwan
Authors: Kok Victor C , Winn Paul R , Hsieh Yi-Jer , Chien Jien-Wen , Yang Jer-Ming , Yeh Guang-Perng
Published: July 2019

Background:

A limited number of potentially hazardous trace elements were quantified in the aquatic environment near the world’s second largest coal-fired power plant (CFPP) and the coal combustion residual (CCR) disposition sites in Central Taiwan. We postulated that contamination from specific trace elements would be present in the abovementioned aquatic environments.

Methods:

Cross-sectional sampling of trace elements was first performed between September 24, 2017 and October 3, 2017 outside the CFPP, in the effluent sampled from Changhua, a county south of metropolitan Taichung, and at the historical CCR disposal sites, using the intertidal zone surface seawater and the seawater in an oyster farm as controls. Aqueous samples were collected from 12 locations for analysis of 13 trace elements (Al, As, B, Cd, total Cr, Co, Fe, Pb, Mn, Se, Sr, Tl, and V). We used inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry to determine B and Fe levels, and ICP mass spectrometry for all other trace elements. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Rho) was calculated to examine the pairwise relation among the trace elements.

Results:

Al (50% of all samples), B (66.7%), Fe (25%), Mn (50%), Sr (8.3%), and V (25%) were identified as being above the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulation limit. The oyster farm seawater had no concerns. Mn (96.4 μg/L) in the CFPP drainage effluent was 1.9-fold above the regulation limit. Fe, Mn, and V were detected from the cooling channel at 4379, 625, and 11.3 μg/L, respectively. The effluent and water from the areas surrounding the 2 CCR dump sites revealed similar magnitudes of trace element contamination. B is highly correlated with Sr (Rho = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-0.98). Meanwhile, Fe is highly correlated with Al (Rho = 0.77), Pb (Rho = 0.71), Co (Rho = 0.75), and V (Rho = 0.84).

Conclusions:

The EPA must set an explicit regulation limit for aluminum, boron, iron, and strontium in the aquatic environment. This exploratory research will inform policymaking regarding certain trace elements that could potentially have an adverse impact on public health and wildlife.
Finding success with pedagogical innovation: A case from CSL teachers’ experiences with TBLT
Authors: Peng Yue , Pyper Jamie S.
Published: July 2019

This study uncovers the under-explored influences that encourage teachers to incorporate task-based language teaching (TBLT) for teaching Chinese as a second language, and the process of teachers’ pedagogical attempts at a Chinese university. Activity Theory (Engeström, 1987) was adopted as the conceptual framework. As a qualitative study, the analysis drew on data from interviews and classroom observations with eight teachers, and complemented by interviews with two directors and 17 students. The study reveals that teachers’ pedagogical practice results from a process of negotiating the possible pedagogical tools to reach their teaching objectives in their context of teaching. In particular, teachers depart from the traditional teaching approach to incorporate tasks as a personal initiative in response to the perceived challenges in the effort to achieve their objectives. The study argues that compared to the constraints from the local education context, teacher beliefs and knowledge play a more critical role in shaping the extent to which teachers choose to adopt TBLT, as teacher beliefs and knowledge directly creates tension between TBLT as a tool and the desired objectives. The study proposes that the Problem-Solving Model (Havelock, 1969) for introducing pedagogical change gives teachers agency and ownership over TBLT, which may serve as a possible direction for realizing the pedagogical innovation.
Experimental and numerical analysis on fire behaviour of loaded cross-laminated timber panels
Authors: Wang Yuexiang , Zhang Jin , Mei Fang , Liao Jianan , Li Weibin
Published: July 2019

Cross-laminated timber is a relatively new engineered timber material that can be used in the design and construction of modern timber buildings. A key factor that raises concerns in the wide application of cross-laminated timber is the uncertainty of its fire performance. This article describes experimental and numerical investigations on the fire behaviour of loaded cross-laminated timber panels manufactured with Canadian hemlock. A total of 10 cross-laminated timber panels with different number and thickness of layers were tested under ambient and standard fire conditions to investigate the flexural capacity at ambient temperature, and temperature distribution, charring rate, fire resistance, mid-span deflection under fire exposure. Three-dimensional finite element model was developed using the Hashin criterion and cohesive elements to predict the failure of wood and adhesive, respectively. The thermal model implicitly considers the rapidly increased temperature of inner fresh timber after the protective charred layers have fallen off. The numerical model was validated with the results obtained from experimental tests and was found to have the ability to simulate the fire behaviour of loaded cross-laminated timber panels in reasonable accuracy.
Piecing the Puzzle Together: A Critical Review of Contemporary Research on Protest Voting
Authors: Camatarri Stefano
Published: July 2019

After several decades of debate on the so-called protest vote, the extant literature in this field is still far from consistent in conceptualization and analytical perspectives. Yet, at a time of increasing democratic stress, it becomes crucial for political studies to take stock of current research on this topic and assess its general state of health. In the light of this, aim of the present contribution is to piece together the puzzle of analytical perspectives from which scholars and pundits have approached the matter over the years. First, this article will do so at a conceptual level, disentangling different conceptualizations of protest voting. In parallel, it will do so at the technical and empirical level, categorizing both operationalization strategies and findings into alternative strands of research. As a last step, it will summarize the still open issues, organizing them within a unified platform and identifying possible lines of development for future research.
Parent Perceptions of Social Behaviors Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Related to Motor Skills
Authors: Gladfelter Allison , Johnson Erik , Odeh Christina
Published: July 2019

Parents who report motor difficulties as their primary concern receive autism intervention services earlier than those first concerned with communication. This study revealed that parent perceptions of their child’s social responsiveness correlated with standardized scores of motor proficiency. Promoting awareness of this relationship could lead parents to seek services sooner.
Chemical Constituents of the Aerial Parts of Daucus carota subsp. hispidus Growing in Tunisia
Authors: Hammami Saoussen , Elshamy Abdelsamed I. , Mokni Ridha El , Snene Ali , Iseki Kanako , Dhaouadi Hatem , Okamoto Yasuko , Suenaga Midori , Noji Masaaki , Umeyama Akemi , Asakawa Yoshinori
Published: July 2019

Three known polyol menthane monoterpenoids, namely, (4 R)-1- p-menthen-6,8-diol (1), (4 R)-1- p-menthen-4,7-diol (2), and (1 R,2 R,4 R)- p-menthane-1,2,4-triol (3), and 6 known phenolics (4-9), in addition to β-sitosterol 3- O-glucoside (10), were isolated from the aerial parts of Daucus carota subsp. hispidus (Ball) Heywood (Family: Apiaceae) growing in Tunisia. The structures of the isolated compounds were established depending upon the spectroscopic techniques including one and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D, and 2D NMR) and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). The absolute configuration of the compounds 1 to 3 was determined using experimental circular dichroism (CD) for the first time. Compounds 1 to 3 were reported for the first time from this plant. Compounds 1 to 3 exhibited no antimicrobial and antioxidant activity using superoxide dismutase-like activities. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited weak activity, while 1 showed negative cytotoxic activity against human mouth squamous carcinoma (HSC-2) and human cervical cells (HeLa) cancer cells.