bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relaxin family peptide receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Bathgate Ross , Dschietzig Thomas , Gundlach Andrew L. , Halls Michelle , Summers Roger
Published: September 2021

Relaxin family peptide receptors (RXFP, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Relaxin family peptide receptors [18, 81]) may be divided into two pairs, RXFP1/2 and RXFP3/4. Endogenous agonists at these receptors are heterodimeric peptide hormones structurally related to insulin: relaxin-1, relaxin, relaxin-3 (also known as INSL7), insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) and INSL5. Species homologues of relaxin have distinct pharmacology and relaxin interacts with RXFP1, RXFP2 and RXFP3, whereas mouse and rat relaxin selectively bind to and activate RXFP1 [184]. relaxin-3 is the ligand for RXFP3 but it also binds to RXFP1 and RXFP4 and has differential affinity for RXFP2 between species [183]. INSL5 is the ligand for RXFP4 but is a weak antagonist of RXFP3. relaxin and INSL3 have multiple complex binding interactions with RXFP1 [189] and RXFP2 [91] which direct the N-terminal LDLa modules of the receptors together with a linker domain to act as a tethered ligand to direct receptor signaling [186]. INSL5 and relaxin-3 interact with their receptors using distinct residues in their B-chains for binding, and activation, respectively [225, 104].
Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (KIR) in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Adelman John P. , Clapham David E. , Hibino Hiroshi , Inanobe Atsushi , Jan Lily Y. , Karschin Andreas , Kubo Yoshihiro , Kurachi Yoshihisa , Lazdunski Michel , Miki Takashi , Nichols Colin G. , Palmer Lawrence G. , Pearson Wade L. , Sackin Henry , Seino Susumu , Slesinger Paul A. , Tucker Stephen , Vandenberg Carol A.
Published: September 2021

The 2TM domain family of K channels are also known as the inward-rectifier K channel family. This family includes the strong inward-rectifier K channels (Kir2.x) that are constitutively active, the G-protein-activated inward-rectifier K channels (Kir3.x) and the ATP-sensitive K channels (Kir6.x, which combine with sulphonylurea receptors (SUR1-3)). The pore-forming α subunits form tetramers, and heteromeric channels may be formed within subfamilies (e.g. Kir3.2 with Kir3.3).
Ceramide turnover in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Futerman Anthony H.
Published: September 2021

Ceramides are a family of sphingophospholipids synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, which mediate cell stress responses, including apoptosis, autophagy and senescence, Serine palmitoyltransferase generates 3-ketosphinganine, which is reduced to dihydrosphingosine. N-Acylation allows the formation of dihydroceramides, which are subsequently reduced to form ceramides. Once synthesized, ceramides are trafficked from the ER to the Golgi bound to the ceramide transfer protein, CERT (COL4A3BP, Q9Y5P4). Ceramide can be metabolized via multiple routes, ensuring tight regulation of its cellular levels. Addition of phosphocholine generates sphingomyelin while carbohydrate is added to form glucosyl- or galactosylceramides. Ceramidase re-forms sphingosine or sphinganine from ceramide or dihydroceramide. Phosphorylation of ceramide generates ceramide phosphate. The determination of accurate kinetic parameters for many of the enzymes in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway is complicated by the lipophilic nature of the substrates.
Endocannabinoid turnover in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Doherty Patrick , Fowler Christopher J. , Gertsch Jürg , Van der Stelt Mario
Published: September 2021

The principle endocannabinoids are 2-acylglycerol esters, such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and N-acylethanolamines, such as anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA). The glycerol esters and ethanolamides are synthesised and hydrolysed by parallel, independent pathways. Mechanisms for release and re-uptake of endocannabinoids are unclear, although potent and selective inhibitors of facilitated diffusion of endocannabinoids across cell membranes have been developed [28]. FABP5 (Q01469) has been suggested to act as a canonical intracellular endocannabinoid transporter in vivo [17]. For the generation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, the key enzyme involved is diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), whilst several routes for anandamide synthesis have been described, the best characterized of which involves N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD, [70]). A transacylation enzyme which forms N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines has been identified as a cytosolic enzyme, PLA2G4E (Q3MJ16) [62]. In vitro experiments indicate that the endocannabinoids are also substrates for oxidative metabolism via cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 enzyme activities [5, 23, 72].
NADPH oxidases in GtoPdb v.2021.3
Authors: Van der Vliet Albert
Published: September 2021

The two DUOX enzymes were originally identified as participating in the production of hydrogen peroxide as a pre-requisite for thyroid hormone biosynthesis in the thyroid gland [9].NOX enzymes function to catalyse the reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide and various other reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex.
ИНТЕРФЕЙСНЫЙ БЛОК И ПРОТОКОЛ ОБМЕНА ДАННЫМИ ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНОЙ КРЕМНИЕВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: Воронин А.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассмотрены особенности реализации интерфейсного блока и протокола обмена данными для считывающей электроники кремниевых детекторов в проектах физики высоких энергий и физики космических лучей.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ТОЧНОСТИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ УГЛОВ ОРИЕНТАЦИИ В БЕСПЛАТФОРМЕННОЙ ИНЕРЦИАЛЬНОЙ НАВИГАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЕ
Authors: Новиков П.
Published: September 2021

Рассматривается способ коррекции БИНС с использованием алгоритма фильтра Калмана, вектор измерений которого формируется на основании показаний приемника спутниковой навигационной системы (СНС). Способ отличается простотой реализации и позволяет повысить точность навигационного решения.
СОЕДИНИТЕЛИ SMP С ПОВЫШЕННОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬЮ К ВИБРАЦИОННЫМ И УДАРНЫМ НАГРУЗКАМ
Authors: Джуринский К.
Published: September 2021

Рассматриваются зарубежные соединители SMP с повышенной устойчивостью к вибрационным и ударным нагрузкам. Основное применение соединителей SMP – сложные многофункциональные СВЧ-модули с высокой плотностью компоновки для систем аэронавигационного и аэрокосмического назначения, активных фазированных решеток, радаров и других изделий специального назначения.
THE CHURCH HYMN “CHRIST RECEIVETH SINFUL MEN”: ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE GERMAN ORIGINAL AND ITS ADAPTATION BY AMERICAN AND KOREAN HYMNALS
Authors: Park Sa Ra
Published: September 2021

In the 19th century, German Protestant hymns were translated into English and have been sung in its language area. By evangelizing Korea, Western – including some German – church hymns were introduced. However, it is noticeable that content as well as linguistic and musical differences between the German and Korean versions could occur in the translation process. This paper examines one particular church hymn, namely “Christ Receiveth Sinful Men”, that was included in the Korean hymnals at the end of the 19th century. This church hymn has an interesting history; its text is originally from Germany, whereby the origin of the music is the United States. This paper explores the questions of how the text and the music were combined and how changes took place in their transmission. Methodologically, sources were compared that were relevant at the time of adaption. The intercultural relationships between the hymns of other countries would be of interest not only to hymnological scholars, but also to missiologists and musicologists, as well as church musicians.
Declaración de inconstitucionalidad, modulación de efectos y buena fe del Estado en Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Ávila Ana Paula
Published: September 2021

Este artículo presenta un estudio del régimen de modulación de efectos de los actos declarados inconstitucionales por el Tribunal Supremo Federal de Brasil, introducido por una ley innovadora en materia de control de constitucionalidad: la Ley 9868/99. La investigación utiliza la técnica de revisión bibliográfica, legislativa y jurisprudencial con los siguientes objetivos: a) demostrar que la naturaleza de la inconstitucionalidad (nulidad y anulabilidad) no impide reconocer efectos a las leyes inconstitucionales, incluso en los regímenes de control que adoptan el dogma de la nulidad del acto inconstitucional; b) proponer una teoría interpretativa de la modulación de efectos centrada en los derechos fundamentales y la dignidad humana, y c) responder, con base en el principio de la buena fe, si el Estado puede, en definitiva, beneficiarse del reconocimiento de efectos de leyes que lesionan derechos fundamentales del sujeto, tales como la libertad y el patrimonio.
Estándares interamericanos sobre derechos político-electorales
Authors: Orozco Henríquez J. Jesús
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo ofrece un panorama sobre los estándares establecidos por los órganos del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos (la Corte y la Comisión interamericanas) en materia de derechos político-electorales. Al efecto, se señalan los criterios establecidos en la jurisprudencia de la Corte y la Comisión a través de la resolución de casos y el otorgamiento de medidas provisionales y cautelares, así como algunos otros establecidos por la Comisión mediante su labor de monitoreo de la situación de los derechos humanos en los Estados miembros de la OEA (informes anuales, temáticos o de país, así como audiencias públicas y comunicados de prensa). Dichos estándares han contribuido a garantizar el goce y ejercicio de los derechos políticos en la región y se han convertido en guía y parámetro para la toma de decisiones de las autoridades electorales jurisdiccionales y administrativas en los países de América.
Popular Constitutionalism and Forms of Democracy
Authors: Cárdenas Gracia Jaime
Published: September 2021

This article describes the crisis of representative democracy, and the need to bolster modalities of direct, participatory, deliberative and communitarian democracy in order to overcome the rift between the governed and the government. A brief overview of some current constitutional models underlines the fact that critical and popular modes of constitutionalism are absent in Mexico. The conclusion of the article evaluates and critiques the instruments of direct and communitarian democracy that were inscribed into Mexico City’s recently approved local Constitution.
Towards a Global International Family Mediation Program: the Profile of a Mediator in Mexico
Authors: González Martín Nuria
Published: September 2021

This note is a brief analysis on one of the most recent developments of the work initiated by the International Social Service, ISS, in order to create a global international family mediation program that will transition from a collaborative process into an international network of specialized mediators, where a mediator profile is fundamental. The author of this article was part of the ISS group that convened in Geneva in May, 2017.
Donald Trump’s Border Wall and Treaty Infringement
Authors: Sutton Kristi , Uluc Inan
Published: September 2021

Historically, the relationship between Mexico and the United States was one of respect, understanding, and cooperation. Geographic proxim¬ity demands that the two nations exist in harmony and collaborate to maintain a safe border and sustainable water consumption. However, with increasing frequency, the Department of Homeland Security challenges bi-lateral treaties entered into by Mexico and the United States. These treaties continue to face infringement as U.S. Presidents, past and present, build larger, longer south¬ern border walls. This article explores the federal laws supporting this border construction and further discusses the sparse caselaw examining constitutional challenges raised against the Department of Homeland Security regarding the Secretary’s waiver authority. Following this exploration, this study probes into the powers of treaty law as strong legal authority used to challenge and prevent future wall construction.
Structural Transformations of Political Rights: the Mexican Case
Authors: Soriano Cienfuegos Carlos
Published: September 2021

This note supports the hypothesis that democratization and openness to international human rights law in Mexico brought about a structural change in its constitutional principles. This was mainly the result of substantially transforming the meaning - and especially the scope - legally given to political rights. The change from prerogatives to rights is not only a matter of nomenclature, but also a 180-degree shift, at both practical and epistemological levels. In addition to this, the project to establish a Ius Constitutionale Commune in the region, based on human rights standards, has been an equally important change as it has placed the human person at the heart of the matter.
Mexico 2018: An Opportunity for Popular Constitutionalism
Authors: Niembro O. Roberto
Published: September 2021

In 2018 Mexicans chose the most profound political change since the transition to democracy, leaving behind what in another work I have called authoritarian constitutionalism. The alternation has meant a change of regime in which a social transformation is announced. The transformation can take different paths and must be accompanied by ideas that inspire it. In this frame of mind, popular constitutionalism can be a useful theory in order for the transformation to take a democratic, participative and egalitarian direction, since it fosters political participation and democratic equality. It is time to forego the elitist theories of constitutional law and the minimalist understandings of democracy.
Legal Recognition of the Digital Trade in Personal Data
Authors: Tlacuilo Fuentes Itzayana
Published: September 2021

In the digital world, millions of consumers transfer their personal data to access and use new Internet technologies every day. The technology industry is making immense profits from this data. It is a social and economic fact that peoples’ personal data is used as an asset in the digital economy. Should consumers be compensated for the value of their personal data? This article argues that it is time to legally recognize the trade in personal data. As a response to increasing crossborder flows, governments protect personal data with privacy frameworks. However, it remains the decision of the consumer to give consent for the transfer of their data. This article proposes that an international framework that recognizes the trade of personal data could generate proper protection for the digital trade, while incentivizing free crossborder data flows and allowing the market to determine the value of the personal data. Moreover, consumers could share in the profits made from their personal information and will personally control their information and privacy. The use of personal data as an asset is a reality that can no longer be avoided. It is necessary to create legal standards to make trade of personal data more transparent, efficient and fair. This article aims to explore the idea of trading in one’s personal data is not a surrealistic scenario, rather, in practice this trade already exists.
Mexico and the United States in a Comparative Situational Approach
Authors: Cruz Rueda Elisa
Published: September 2021

This article performs a comparative analysis of the constitutional bases of the Mexican and U.S. legal systems, and how they are expressed in two case studies. Both case studies deal with human rights as expressed through a community’s relationship to territory. However, the communities in question are differentiated by their status as legal subjects. The U.S. case examines a community primarily comprised of European-American descendants; the Mexican case considers an indigenous community. Nevertheless, in both cases State involvement occurs that favors the interests of energy companies, rather than the expressed interests of the communities. The Mexican case documents an attempt to apply energy reform measures, without taking into account the rights of indigenous communities. The U.S. case shows how legal constructs have evolved to structurally favor corporate interests at the expense of human rights. These examples are used to demonstrate how democratic ideals, ostensibly protected by Mexican and U.S. constitutional systems, remain unfulfilled. While the case studies discuss how the law and the State relate to the governed, particularities exist due to the practices and procedures of the distinct governing bodies involved, and because the governed peoples - a community of European-American descent and an indigenous community in Mexico - are different legal subjects before the law. These are areas for future comparative analysis and beyond the scope of this article.
Reflexivity and Rupture: Emancipation in Socialist and Democratic thought
Authors: Ortiz Leroux Jaime Eduardo
Published: September 2021

Based on a critique from both political and theoretical perspectives within the socialist tradition regarding models of social change, placing “revolution” opposite to “reform”, an assessment is made of the meaning and scope of both of these models in contemporary societies, where a growth of informal powers can be observed. Democratic theory holds the idea of the reflexivity of the constitutional system, which, however, has never been able to politicize capitalism. The socialist theory of revolution tends to see disruption as a source of social change, although it defends a staterun model that excludes the possibility of political action arising from civil society. This note contends that the failure of both models, together with the rise of necrophiliac capitalism that combines a neoliberal idea of sovereignty with the use of violence, highlights the limits of the model of popular sovereignty and positions resistance and disobedience at the center of understanding social change.
Evidence-Based Laws and the Administrative Capacity to Generate Information for the Legislative Process
Authors: Zaror Miralles Danielle
Published: September 2021

Traditionally, the legislative practice has been described from the moment the bills enter the Assemblies or Parliaments until they are promulgated into law, but there is a lot of opacity regarding what the doctrine knows about the previous moment, that is, the pre-legislative procedures, which finally determine the way in which a problem will be approached legislatively, the content that these texts will develop and who has influenced the strategy deployed. This note seeks to make visible certain practices within the administration that allow understanding which is the starting point of a bill, how the knowledge of the administration members is structured and some of its problems, which are the sources of information for the elaboration of diagnoses, what should be the previous steps for the creation of a regulation and the existence of an institutionality that gives certainty, who influences the drafting of a legal text, what have some Latin American countries done to advance on this issue and how an evidence-based bill should be structured so that its result is close to the optimum expected in terms of legal effectiveness and transparency and accountability to citizens. Finally, this note concludes on the benefits derived from the strengthening of administrative capacity that allow generating, structuring and articulating technical, impartial and transparent information to promote evidence-based laws whose follow-up and evaluation allow assess their ex post effectiveness.
Permanent Economic Emergency in Argentina and its Constitutional Implications
Authors: Ylarri Juan Santiago
Published: September 2021

There is broad consensus among legal scholars about the existence of a permanent economic emergency in Argentina. This article examines the origin of the doctrine of economic emergency and its evolution in the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice decisions. Various regulatory devices implemented to face the economic crises are analyzed, and it is emphasized that the declaration of a state of emergency has not been made only by means of Congress formal legislation, but through the legislative powers of the President. The requirements for the validity of regulations of emergency are set forth in this article, including the actual existence of a state of emergency, a public interest, that the measure be reasonable, and the provisional nature of the emergency. Considering that courts have not exerted proper judicial review over the regulations of emergency, guideli¬nes to implement adequate judicial review over the subject at issue are presented. It is stated that the declaration of economic emergency and the factual circumstances underlying such declaration is a question subject to judicial review. In exercising the judicial review about this issue, two dimensions may be considered. First, timing, and, second, the correlation that must exist between a regulation —law, legislative delegation, or a decree of necessity and urgency— and the emergency situation it is intended to fight against. Finally, specific features of judicial review depending on the type of regulation that has declared the emergency are studied.
Literature Review on Performance of Self Compacting Concrete Incorporating Copper Slag and Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Dupaki Aishwarya
Published: September 2021

Abstract: This paper gives a review on self compacting concrete(SCC) to be made as partial replacing of cement by fly ash and metakaolin and partial replacing of fine aggregate with copper slag. Day by day production of concrete is increasing due to requirement of concrete is increasing with sufficient mechanical and durable properties in construction industry. Self compacting concrete is the special concrete which has ability of passing and filling of every corner of the congested area. So many researches are going on to increase mechanical and durable properties of SCC. Due to shortage of natural aggregates, researches are going on to use by-products or waste material as fine aggregate. Copper slag is a by-product produced during the process of production of copper. To achieve good mechanical and durable properties of self-compacting concrete cementitious material places an important role. Metakaolin and fly ash are used as the partial replacement of cement. In this paper an overview on the literature on mechanical behaviour of self-compacting concrete with partial replacement of cement by fly ash and metakaolin and partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag. Keywords: self compacting concrete, copper slag, fly ash, metakaolin, mechanical properties, durability
EL NIÑO DISLÉXICO Y SU ENTORNO EDUCATIVO. PERCEPCIONES Y REPRESENTACIONES SOBRE LA DISLEXIA
Authors: Antognazza María Paula , González Tornaría María del Luján
Published: September 2021

Se presenta un estudio sobre las percepciones y representaciones de las familias, docentes, terapeutas y niños sobre la dislexia, en el que se indaga en sus respectivas vivencias y necesidades. Se exponen el diseño y  resultados hallados en la investigación de corte cualitativo, basado en las entrevistas realizadas al niño, sus padres, docente y terapeuta. Entre los principales resultados, se destaca que tanto la familia como las instituciones educativas dan una respuesta parcial a las dificultades de aprendizaje y no existe un proyecto integrador que sea estimulante, tanto para el niño disléxico como para su familia. Cuando se logra realizar un tratamiento especializado, los padres no se sienten involucrados. Se detecta ausencia de una visión sistémica de la dificultad, lo que implica pérdida de esfuerzo, energía y tiempo para todas las partes. Se realizan algunas consideraciones respecto a la importancia de pensar especialmente las percepciones de los propios niños disléxicos, colocando tales asuntos en el centro de la orientación diagnóstica y terapéutica.
A New Generating Family of Distributions: Properties and Applications to the Weibull Exponential Model
Authors: El-Sherpieny El-Sayed A. , Assar Salwa , Helal Tamer
Published: September 2021

A new method for generating family of distributions was proposed. Some fundamental properties of the new proposed family include the quantile, survival function, hazard rate function, reversed hazard and cumulative hazard rate functions are provided. This family contains several new models as sub models, such as the Weibull exponential model which was defined and discussed its properties. The maximum likelihood method of estimation is using to estimate the model parameters of the new proposed family. The flexibility and the importance of the Weibull-exponential model is assessed by applying it to a real data set and comparing it with other known models.
THE STRUCTURAL AND PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF CODE-SWITCHES IN THE DIALOGUES OF THE NOVEL “THE MARSEILLE CAPER” BY PETER MAYLE
Authors:   LYUDMILA A. GUNKO Cherepovets State University, GUNKO LYUDMILA A.
Published: September 2021

This article studies the interdependence between structural and pragmatic aspects of code-switches (CS) observed in the dialogic speech of the novel «Marseille Caper» by Peter Mayle. The matrix language of bilingual utterances is English and the embedded language is French. The article provides a detailed description of the classification of code-switches according to types and the functions they perform. Different types of code-switches have been identified: intersentential (44 units), intrasentential - within a phrase (insertions - 25 units, embedded language islands - 36 units), parenthetical switches - 20 units. The study has shown that the intrasentential type (81 units) is the most frequently used code-switch type in the bilingual characters’ speech. Besides, intrasentential type occurring within a simple sentence is more popular in comparison with parenthetical switches with the embedded language islands being predominant. It is argued that the most common pragmatic function in the bilingual characters’ speech is the subject-thematical one represented by the embedded language islands. It is revealed that the code-switches in the novel perform mainly subject-thematic (62 units), emotional (18 units) and emphatic (18 units) functions. The subtype of intrasentential type - parathentical switches - is represented by the greatest variety of functions (7).
Pemilihan Susu Formula Menggunakan Metode Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT)
Authors: Hayati Ratna Sri , Rahayu Sri Lestari , Sanjaya Andi
Published: September 2021

Susu formula merupakan sumber nutrisi pada bayi yang tidak mendapatkan Air Susu Ibu (ASI). Susu formula juga memiliki kandungan gizi yang sangat tinggi. Kandungan gizi tersebut meliputi DHA, Karbohidrat, Protein, Lemak, Vitamin, Natrium dan lain sebagainya. Susu formula yang baik tidak menimbulkan gangguan saluran cerna seperti diare, muntah atau kesulitan buang air besar. batuk, sesak, dan gangguan kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pemilihan susu formula oleh ibu balita. Dalam pemilihan susu formula yang ada dipasaran, diperlukan sebuah solusi dalam pengambilan keputusan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menerapkan metode Multi Attribute Utility Theory(MAUT). Metode MAUT digunakan untuk menentukan sebuah alternatif pilihan berdasarkan bobot dan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan. Kemudian dilakukan proses perankingan yang akan menentukan alternatif yang terbaik. Alternatif pada penelitian ini ada 6 yaitu Susu S26, Susu Nutrilon Royal, Susu Bebelac, Susu Lagtogen, Susu Chilkid, dan Susu SGM. Sedangkan Kriteria yang digunakan ada 4 yaitu Harga Susu, Kandungan Gizi, Jenis Susu dan Ketersediaan Susu Dipasaran.
PENERAPAN METODE SAW (SIMPLE ADDTIIVE WEIGHTING ) DAN ROC (RANK ORDER CENTROID) DALAM PEMILIHAN SISWA-SISWA BERPRESTASI DI SMP NEGERI 44 MEDAN
Authors: Sihombing Erni Weldus , Lumban Gaol Damayanti , Lumban Gaol Wydia Tiara , Saputra Muhardi
Published: September 2021

Siswa – Siswi SMP Negeri 44 merupakan salah satu Sekolah Negeri yang mempunyai murid yang banyak. Murid yang banyak juga akan memiliki karakter dan penilaian yang berbeda pada setiap orangnya. Penilaian pelajaran pada setiap siswa – siswi kadang memiliki hasil yang hampir mirip. Hal ini juga dapat membuat kesulitan bagi Guru – Guru untuk dapat menentukan siswa – siswi berprestasi. Proses analisis nilai pada setiap murid juga mengakibatkan waktu yang lama untuk menyimpulkan siapa saja yang akan mendapatkan prestasi sebagai siswa – siswi berprestasi. Untuk itu menurut penulis dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat menganalisis dan mengelola nilai pelajaran setiap murid agar menghasilkan siswa – siswi berprestasi. Penggabungan dua metode ROC (Rank Order Centroid) dan SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) merupakan solusi yang baik untuk dapat menganalisis kriteria penilaian untuk menghasilkan penentuan siswa – siswi berprestasi. Hasil penelitian dari perhitungan penggabungan kedua metode menunjukkan bahwa Murid D sebagai murid berprestasi pada kelas VII A SMP Negeri 44 Medan. Maka diharapkan kedepannya pihak Guru dapat dengan cepat dan tepat dalam menentukan siapa siswa – siswi berprestasi pada kelas lainnya.
Hermann Cohen and His Idea of the Logic of Pure Knowledge
Authors: Sokuler Zinaida A.
Published: September 2021

Hermann Cohen, as it is well known, criticised the Kantian notion of the thing-in-itself. And before him the Kantian thing-in-itself was criticised by Fichte and other German idealists. Probably for this reason, Hermann Cohen is sometimes regarded as a person who said things similar to Fichte. This gives a completely wrong perspective, making it impossible to understand the philosopher's ideas. The basis for his critique of the Kantian thing-in-itself is quite different from the motives, determining the criticism of Kant in the classical German Idealism. Such interpretation does not allow to see close connection of Cohen's theoretical philosophy with revolution in physics which took place at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The article explains how Cohen's demand that pure thinking must form its own content is connected with transformations taking place in physics and mathematics, and the peculiarity of Cohen's understanding of idealism is demonstrated: for him, correct idealism must realize that autonomous, free thinking should work seriously with sense data. The closeness of Cohen's ideas to the postpositivist thesis of the theory-ladenness of observation is explained. For Cohen, serious work with sense data is opposite to uncritical acceptance of them as given. The origin of scientific thinking is thinking itself. It responds to the challenge of sensory material by creating its own constructs. Mathematized natural science becomes for Cohen both an example and a confirmation of this thesis. For him, what is real is what is described in the language of mathematical analysis, i.e. continuous processes, in spite of the fact that any data are discrete. It is shown that the source of Cohen's assertions on this issue is in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, namely in the doctrine of the Principles of pure natural science and, more specifically, in the Anticipations of Perception. Cohen's conviction of the constructive character of the theories of mathematized natural science is confirmed in the article by references to the authority of A. Einstein.
The Artistic Representation of Jesus in Hermann Cohen's Aesthetics
Authors: Gamba Ezio
Published: September 2021

Cohen deals with the question of the possibility for art to represent God or the divine in some of his works, throughout all his philosophical production, but obviously above all in his main aesthetic work, sthetik des reinen Gefhls (1912). We can state that in Cohen's works this problem is posed with reference to three different religious fields: Greek polytheism, Jewish monotheism and Christianity. The topic of this essay will be Cohen's thought about the artistic representation of the divine in Christianity or in Christian art through the representation of Jesus. This topic will be examined with reference both to Kants Begrndung der sthetik (1889) and to sthetik des reinen Gefhls ; whereas in Kants Begrndung der sthetik Cohen devotes to the representation of Jesus just a short consideration in the historical introduction of the book, in sthetik des reinen Gefhls the representation of Jesus is object of far more attention. Here, Cohen's answer to the question of the possibility to represent the divine through the representation of Jesus is that Jesus' divinity, in the artistic representation of his figure, can only have a metaphorical value, the real meaning of which is that Jesus' story is the ideal story of the human being; in Kants Begrndung der sthetik and in other writings of the 80s, on the contrary, the idea of incarnation and of the divinity of Jesus is object of a different appreciation by Cohen. The comparison between these different stances can be a contribution to the comprehension of the changes in Cohen's view of Christianity through the years.
Consciousness with Body and Soul: an Attempt at Cohen’s Never-Written Psychology
Authors: Dober Hans Martin
Published: September 2021

There are contemporary tendencies to regard the human consciousness as an algorithm, or to reduce the human subjective to organic-natural processes or to see it as a social construction depending on cultural conditions. Such approaches pose a challenge to ethical humanism, as it seems, as if it requires new justification and groundings. How can we grasp and defend the concept of embodied subjectivity of man and its freedom to act? How can we think of its unity including thought, will and feeling, preventing it from getting lost in specialized potentials, and maintaining the person as an alert, responsible and self-founded unit? Furthermore, how is it possible to preserve the meaning of the name of the soul, since the notion of this traditional limit concept of the human subjective has fallen into disuse and likely vanished from the horizon? The essay asks for answer with the help of Hermann Cohen, the great Jewish philosopher of Neo-Kantianism, following the traces of his repeatedly stated, however never written systematic psychology. This first part of investigation confines itself to understand Cohen's early interpretation of Plato as the "primordial cell" of his psychology in order to show how the first three parts of his system of philosophy (Logic, Ethics, Aesthetics) answer to some of the questions and problems the early work had raised, with special attention to Cohens philosophy of religion. Self-movement of soul and its deep connection with the human body could be viewed and grasped from the unity of human culture as well as of the allness of man.
Análise do discurso amoroso em contos ilustrados: uma contribuição para a sociologia das emergências
Authors: Feres Beatriz
Published: September 2021

Segundo Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2020), as sociologias das ausências e das emergências situam-se no cerne da resistência contra o pensamento hegemônico ocidentalocêntrico a fim de não só identificar as formas por meio das quais são produzidas a não existência, a invisibilidade radical e a irrelevância de grupos sociais oprimidos, mas também de valorizar simbólica e politicamente os saberes das minorias advindos da luta, da experiência, do sofrimento injusto, da corporalidade e do “corazonar”, isto é, da racionalização “quente”, afetiva. Este artigo está direcionado, em particular, para as sociologias das emergências, com a pretensão de contribuir para a instrumentalização de mediadores críticos de leitura, preocupados com a resistência a um imaginário coletivo preconceituoso em relação às minorias sociais. Assim, o objetivo desta reflexão é problematizar o conto ilustrado – bem cultural destinado preferencialmente às crianças em estágio inicial de socialização e, portanto, mais susceptíveis à inculcação de valores –, analisando sua constituição verbo-visual singular em relação ao contrato de comunicação a que se vincula, a fim de avaliar sua potencialidade como recurso para uma pedagogia libertadora. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a configuração híbrida do conto ilustrado permite uma complexa implicitação de sentidos e sentimentos bastante propícia para o tratamento estético de temas relacionados às sociabilidades, sem que se perca a poeticidade, em um movimento aparentemente afinado ao “corazonar” defendido pelas epistemologias do Sul. Para isso, a análise dos contos ilustrados selecionados estará sustentada, prioritariamente, pela Teoria Semiolinguística de Análise do Discurso, sobretudo naquilo que tange à construção dos imaginários sociodiscursivos.
Leitura literária em voz alta, em grupo on-line, em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Favero Netto Daniela , Locatelli Taufer Adauto , Amaral Rockenbach Luiza , Campos Martins Ewaldo
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência de leitura em voz alta, em grupo, em tempos de pandemia. A proposta de leitura, direcionada à formação do leitor literário em idade escolar, foi realizada no segundo semestre de 2020, como uma das ações do projeto de extensão, oriundo do Colégio de Aplicação (UFRGS), intitulado Mediação de Leitura e Escrita (MESCLE). A obra selecionada para leitura em grupo foi Senhor das Moscas, de William Golding ([1954] 2014). O grupo se reunia uma vez por semana em plataforma on-line, totalizando 15 encontros entre setembro e dezembro do referido ano. Objetivou-se com essa proposta de mediação de leitura, via ação de extensão, proporcionar a leitura de um texto literário em grupo com vistas ao compartilhamento de impressões de leitura, dando vez e voz aos jovens leitores em formação. Os pressupostos teóricos de Bajour (2012), de Cosson (2020), de Petit (2009-2013) e de Rouxel (2013) serviram de base para alicerçar as atividades de mediação de leitura planejadas para a ação de extensão, apontando para escolhas metodológicas, que, se bem observadas, recuperam aspectos presentes na natureza da recepção do texto literário, o que, por si só, já é uma sugestão de abordagem dessa modalidade de texto.
Construção de um website institucional: um estudo de caso baseado em critérios de navegação, design e ergonomia
Authors: Borges Eliane De Oliveira , Behar Patricia Alejandra
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta o processo de construção da primeira versão (2008) do website institucional para a Escola Técnica Estadual Senador Ernesto Dornelles, cujos componentes e organização básica são mantidos até hoje. Este website foi criado com o objetivo de servir como apoio na divulgação e informação sobre os cursos oferecidos, atividades, eventos e outras inferências importantes para a sua comunidade. O website foi idealizado com uma interface amigável, com imagens, textos, links etc. A concepção foi baseada em bibliografia pertinente e referente ao design, à navegação e à ergonomia. No planejamento do website, foram evidenciados o material fotográfico que documenta a arquitetura da Escola e as cores do prédio. Como resultado da pesquisa realizada com a comunidade escolar, o website teve uma boa aceitação e encontra-se em sua terceira versão e está sendo amplamente utilizado pela comunidade escolar.
Liderazgo: una práctica sistémica en el futuro empresarial
Authors: González Castro Yolanda , Manzano Durán Omaira , Torres Zamudio Marleny
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo con enfoque cualitativo de tipo revisión documental, discute la evolución del liderazgo y lo divide en tres etapas. A partir de estas rupturas, que emergieron del análisis de artículos científicos y reflexiones propias, el liderazgo trasciende y evidencia una nueva forma de gestión. En el documento se comparan las teorías de   los rasgos, el enfoque conductual, el enfoque situacional, transformacional, transcultural y el liderazgo compartido.  Como aporte al conocimiento sobre la evolución del liderazgo hacía nuevas teorías, se concluye que en un futuro debe emerger el liderazgo sistémico como el resultado de una evolución gerencial que se nutre de los aportes de las teorías que lo anteceden transformándose en una estrategia holística con una visión compartida de los elementos que orientaron el liderazgo a través de los años, e incluye elementos como la ética, la responsabilidad social, el trabajo en equipo y la interacción holística.
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on business school students’ aspirations: The gender role models perspective
Authors: Hamdallah Madher Ebrahim , Srouji Anan Fathi , Mahadin Bushra Khalid
Published: September 2021

This study aims to explore the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on business school students’ aspirations to become entrepreneurial managers in the future and whether the gender of their university instructor affects such a relationship. Gender equivalence proved to devour an instructive advantage over students (Aragonés-González, Rosser-Limiñana, & Gil-González, 2020), in addition to the idea that gender competence is a key element in the educational field (Palmén et al., 2020). The hypothesized paradigm is tested through multiple regression and univariate tests based on the responses of 321 Jordanian university students who finished entrepreneurship courses to pursue nexuses between the endogenous and exogenous variables. Results indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations affect students’ aspirations to become entrepreneurial managers in the future in favor of their role models. Additionally, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are affected by female instructors. However, male instructors only inspired the intrinsic motivation of the students. As female academic instructors face challenges attributed to gender bias, especially in the Arab and Middle Eastern countries, the results of the study hope to help change the discerning negative perceptions of female instructors in Jordanian and Arab universities. Such problems in gender inspiration affect the prospect of the outcomes required and may have an indirect effect on the educational field in general. The study recommends focusing more on the effect of motivation and innovation efficiency based on gender type in addition to converging entrepreneurship educational research due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Ratten & Jones, 2021).
Development of a Novel Carbon-Fiber Mono-Lateral External Fixator
Authors: Casanova García Gonzalo Fernando , Garcia Alvarez José Jaime , Carabali Satizabal William Alberto
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the design of an innovative mono-lateral external fixator made of carbon fiber composite materials. The designed system can be easily assembled in comparison with commercial fixators and follows orthopedic requirements with sufficient stability and stiffness. The change of operation mode between distraction and fixation is achieved with a wedge that blocks axial translation in one position, while allows sliding with a 90º rotation. The prototypes were produced by the method of molding by compaction. A mold was developed for each part; the rail, the clamp and the cover. Each mold consisted of a cavity that gave form to the piece and a piston that exerted pressure on the composite. Mechanical tests were performed to determine the stiffness under axial compression, and anteroposterior and mediolateral bending. For comparison, tests were also performed on two Orthofix commercial systems, one with the rail made of carbon fiber and the other with an aluminum rail. The axial compression, anteroposterior and mediolateral bending stiffness of the developed system were 200.7, 13.4 and 87.0 N/mm, respectively, which were 38%, 35% and 27% lower than those obtained for the Orthofix system. However, these values were in the range of other similar systems reported in the literature. Therefore, the developed system presented promising results and may be clinically evaluated.
Conversión de la energía del aire comprimido a través de un motor reciprocante adaptado de dos pistones
Authors: Ortega Suárez Walter , Bautista Sánchez Johnny W.
Published: September 2021

Este artículo brinda un estudio preliminar de la forma de aprovechamiento de la energía del aire comprimido convirtiéndola en energía mecánica rotacional.  Para cumplir lo planteado  se acondicionó un banco de pruebas con un tanque de almacenamiento para el aire de 0.06 m3,  un motor neumático reciprocante de 2 pistones, un dinamómetro con freno electromagnético, un sensor de torque dinámico para determinar la potencia del motor, un sistema de control con PLC para monitorear-controlar el funcionamiento del equipo y un sistema de adquisición de datos que permitió capturar las variables del proceso. Se incluyó un sistema de inyección de aire de tiempo variable controlado electrónicamente a través de un sensor de efecto Hall y un disco de sincronización que traduce la posición lineal del pistón en una posición rotacional. El motor neumático fue construido a partir de un compresor de dos pistones con el que se obtuvo una potencia máxima de 52 W y un torque de 2.5 N.m teniendo en cuenta que la variabilidad del tiempo de inyección influye considerablemente en la salida de potencia. Se obtuvieron eficiencias entre el 7 y 11 % calculadas a partir del concepto de Exergía.
Riemann-Hilbert problem associated with the vector Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel model in the birefringent optical fibers
Authors: Hu Beibei , Lin Ji , Zhang Ling
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we investigate vector Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel (VLPD)
model which can be used to describe the ultrashort pulses in the
birefringent optical fiber. Based on the unified transformation method,
the Riemann-Hilbert problem is introduced and initial-boundary value
problems of the VLPD model are studied. By solving the formulated matrix
Riemann-Hilbert problem, the potential function solutions of the VLPD
model can be reconstructed. Moreover, that the spectral functions are
not independent but meet the so-called global relation is shown.
Acoustic Pulse Thrombolysis Complemented by ECMO Improved Survival in Patients with High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Dumantepe Mert , Ozturk Cuneyd
Published: September 2021

Background: The optimal treatment of high-risk PE with cardiac arrest is
still controversial although various treatment approaches have been
developed and improved. Here, we present a serie of patients with
high-risk PE showing hemodynamic collapse, who were successfully treated
with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as an adjunct to EKOS™
acoustic pulse thrombolysis. Method: From April 2016 to June 2020, 29
patients with high-risk PE with cardiac arrest were retrospectively
included. The mean age was 55.3 ± 9.2 years. Twelve (41.3%) patients
were female. All patients had cardiac arrest, either as an initial
presentation or in-hospital after the presentation. All patients
exhibited acute symptoms, computed tomography (CT) evidence of large
thrombus burden, and severe right ventricular dysfunction. Primary
outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. Results: Twenty-two patients
survived to hospital discharge, with a mean ICU stay of 9.9 ± 1.6 days
(range, 7 to 22 days) and mean length of hospital stay of 23.7 ± 8.5
days (range, 11 to 44 days). Six patients died from refractory shock.
Ninety-day mortality was 24.1% (7/29). The Mean ECMO duration was 3.5 ±
1.1 days and the mean RV/LV ratio decreased from 1.31 ± 0.17 to 0.92 ±
0.11 in patients who survived to discharge. The mean tissue plasminogen
activator (tPA) dose for survivor patients was 20.5 ± 1.6 mg.
Conclusion: Patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism who suffer a
cardiac arrest have high morbidity and mortality. APT complemented by
ECMO could be a successful treatment option for patients who have
high-risk PE with circulatory collapse.