bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gendered Patterns in Manifest and Latent Mental Health Indicators Among Suicide Decedents: 2003–2020 National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS)
Authors: Arseniev-Koehler Alina , Mays Vickie M. , Foster Jacob G. , Chang Kai-Wei , Cochran Susan D.
Published: November 2023

Objectives. To investigate differences in the documentation of mental health symptomology between male and female suicide decedents in the 2003–2020 US National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS).

Methods. Using information on 271 998 suicides in the 2003–2020 NVDRS, we evaluated precoded mental health–related variables and topic model–derived latent mental health themes in the law enforcement and coroner or medical examiner death narratives compiled by trained public health workers.

Results. Public health records of male compared with female suicides were less likely to include notations of mental health conditions or treatment interventions. However, topic modeling of death summaries revealed that male suicide decedents were more likely to evidence several subclinical cognitive and emotional indicators of distress.

Conclusions. Suicide death records vary by gender, both in recorded evidence for mental health conditions at time of death and in accompanying narratives describing proximal circumstances surrounding these deaths. Our findings hint that patterns of subclinical mental health changes among men might be less well captured in commonly used mental health indicators, suggesting that prevention efforts may benefit from measures that also target assessment of subclinical distress. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S3):S268–S277. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307427 )
Resistance of Klebsiella Sp. Isolated From Chicken and Cages to Chloramphenicol
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Pasaribu Fachriyan Hasmi , Mulatsih Sri , Amin Akhmad Arif
Published: November 2023

Klebsiella bacteria is one of the normal flora in poultry that has developed antibiotic resistance. This is reinforced by reports of the incidence of resistance by Klebsiella bacteria in various countries which is quite high. This study aimed to identify the presence of Klebsiella sp. bacteria in chickens and cages, as well as their resistance status to chloramphenicol in relation to the Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 14/2017. The series of identification included culture, macroscopic and microscopic observations, biochemical tests, and fermentation tests. Antibiotic resistance tests using chloramphenicol disks referring to the Kirby Bauer method. The identification results showed 6 positive samples from 60 samples taken from chickens and 2 positive samples from 21 samples taken from cages. Resistance testing of 8 Klebsiella sp. isolates showed 6 sensitive, 1 intermediate and 1 resistant isolates to chloramphenicol. This is an indication that the Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 14/2017 is quite effective in prohibiting the use of chloramphenicol in chicken farms.
Towards Stage Subdivision of the Vendian
Authors: Grazhdankin D.V. , Aleksandrov D.O. , Maksimenko V.O. , Rogov V.I.
Published: November 2023

—The way towards the stage subdivision of the Vendian starts with the assemblage of a complete composite geological section of this interval of the Earth’s history, a succession of geological bodies each reflecting a certain ecosystem state. A Vendian composite section of the Siberian Platform, which is a succession of regional to sub-global scale geological bodies reflecting particular states or unidirectional transformations determined by episodic expansion of relatively oxygen-rich environments onto the shelf and alternating with large-scale oceanic anoxia and euxinia events is proposed as a reference for constructing the stage subdivision of the Vendian. The redox instability had to be accompanied by changes in nutrient availability and could not but affect the course of macroevolution and macroecology. The geological record of the Vendian of the Siberian Platform is also marked by episodic increase in alkalinity of the World Ocean. At least five such alkalinity events could be provisionally identified in the composite section of the Vendian of the Siberian Platform. A hypothesis is proposed suggesting that the alkalinity events could control the appearance and disappearance in the geological record of a distinctive suite of sedimentary structures in carbonates, the discrete nature of early diagenetic cementation of aluminosilicoclastic sediments, and fossilization of soft-bodied organisms in the Vendian.
Unlocking Continental Shale Oil Potential: Microscopic Insights into Fluid Saturation Mechanisms via Imbibition for Future Development Strategies in the Songliao Basin
Authors: Yang Ying , Wei Jianguang , Yang Erlong , Hadavimoghaddam Fahimeh , Ostadhassan Mehdi , Liang Shuang , Zhou Xiaofeng
Published: November 2023

Microscopic assessment of oil distribution and imbibition mechanisms within shale formations lays the groundwork for future development strategies. In this regard, the Songliao Basin’s continental shale oil holds immense exploration and development potential. In this study, we focus on shale samples extracted from the first member of the Qingshankou Formation (Q1) within the Songliao Basin. These samples were subjected to a comprehensive analysis, encompassing mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), porosity, and permeability measurements and detailed monitoring processes. The experimental protocol involved multiple injection cycles, commencing with spontaneous oil imbibition, followed by a series of differential pressurized oil saturation stages (eight pressurization steps ranging from 0.2 MPa to 10 MPa). Subsequently, forced imbibition using slickwater under varying pressures was used, and the process was meticulously monitored via gravimetric and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements to deduce relative fractions within distinct pores across the entire experimental process. Notably, the results unveiled that, during oil saturation through spontaneous imbibition, the interbedd-type shale core samples exhibit more efficient oil saturation compared with the organic-rich dark massive type. In the former, clay interlayers predominate in absorbing oil, while the latter showcases preferential saturation of mesopores and macropores. Following the differential pressurized oil saturation phase, clay interlayers continued to play a significant role in both sample types, accounting for 54.2% and 57.0% of the interbed-type and massive shale’s oil intake, respectively. Furthermore, a quantification of the slickwater imbibition recovery originating from pores of varying sizes under distinct pressures revealed that clay interlayers and micropores are the primary contributors to imbibition recovery in both sample types. Collectively, the experimental findings corroborate that shale oil can be displaced from nanopores to larger matrix pores and bedding fractures through imbibition, offering valuable insights for enhancing oil recovery operations in practical field scenarios.
Impact on pig farmers of government management to reduce the application of drugs- the case of Chinese pig farmers
Authors: Hu Yaguan , Mi Wenjuan , Yu Yanli
Published: November 2023

Pig farmers' over-application of drugs poses a great threat to the ecological environment. It is beneficial to the sustainable development of the livestock industry to promote the reduction of drug application by farmers. Based on survey data from 1,395 pig farmers in China, this paper first uses a loss control model to calculate the marginal productivity of pig farmers using veterinary drugs. Then, using a binary Logit model to analyze the relationship between government management behaviors and farmers' reduced application of pesticides under different farming regions. The estimation results of the damage control model show that although the proportion of the over-application of veterinary drugs varied among farmers in the four major farming regions, in general, the over-administration of veterinary drugs is common among pig farmers in China. The regression results of the binary logit model show that parthenogenesis was not conducive to farmers' dose reduction, and joining farmers' cooperatives and participating in farming training were beneficial to farmers' dose reduction. Compared to individual farmer characteristics and family business characteristics, government management has a greater impact on farmers to reduce drug application behavior, and constraining and guiding behaviors have different effects on different breeding areas. Therefore, the government should vigorously support the development of farmers' cooperatives and enhance the scale and frequency of farming training as well as formulate differentiated policies according to the different resource endowments of farming regions.
Professional commitment of eight-year medical doctoral degree program students in China: the mediating role of self-efficacy, learning engagement, and academic performance
Authors: Lu Yao , Tong Kuang , Wen Mingang , Gong Yanyan , Zhuang Dan , Zhu Hanyi
Published: November 2023

Background
Research on the professional commitment of student in eight-year medical training program medical is sparse. Studying professional commitment in this population, especially its association with academic performance, can enhance the understanding of professional loyalty in future doctors. This study aimd to investigate the self-efficacy, academic performance, professional commitment, and learning engagement of eight-year program medical students, examine the relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance, and explore the mediating roles of professional commitment and learning engagement on the associations between self-efficacy and academic performance.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a Chinese medical university in March 2022. Data on students’ socio-demographic characteristics was collected, and self-reported questionnaires including General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Professional Commitment of Undergraduates Scales (PCUS), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student (UWES-S) were completed. Academic performance was ascertained using course examination scores in the most recent year. We examined the relationships between the study outcomes and subsequently conducted a structural equation model (SEM) analysis to examine the mediating roles of professional commitment and learning engagement on the relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance.
Results
A total number of 402 medical students were included in this study. The direct effect of self-efficacy on academic performance was not significant. Professional commitment and learning engagement were mediators in the relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance. Students in the clinical practice stage had significantly lower professional commitment and learning engagement (P < 0.001) than students in the pre-medical and medical course stages, but there was no difference in self-efficacy. The professional commitment of students from low-income families (< 3000 yuan per month) was significantly lower than that of students from high-income families (> 5000 yuan per month) (P = 0.005).
Conclusions
This study is the first to investigate professional commitment among students in the eight-year medical program, and to explore the intermediary role of professional commitment plays in academic performance. Findings from this study can help in rethinking the role of professional commitment among students of long-term medical programs and in developing more effective counseling methods for students in the clinical practice stage and those from low-income families.
Optimizing Precipitation Forecasting and Agricultural Water Resource Allocation Using the Gaussian-Stacked- LSTM Model
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Wang Chengcheng , Wang Pengcheng , Zhang Lu , Yu Qingbo , Xu Hui , Wang Maofa
Published: November 2023

This article presents an investigation into the performance of various models in daily precipitation prediction using the dataset introduced in this study. The study involves the application of multiple models for daily precipitation forecasting across 56 meteorological stations in China's Jilin Province. The models under consideration include Stacked Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Transformer, and Support Vector Regression (SVR). A year-long continuous daily precipitation forecasting experiment was conducted using these diverse models on the same dataset, resulting in 365 consecutive daily precipitation forecasts. Subsequently, model evaluations were performed at an annual scale using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Notably, the study goes beyond modeling by introducing Gaussian noise into the dataset, enhancing the overall robustness of the models. The results show the superior performance of the Stacked-LSTM model, characterized by exceptional prediction accuracy and stability. Additionally, a comprehensive variable attribution analysis using LightGBM sheds light on the key factors influencing daily precipitation prediction, including temperature, dew point, precipitation from previous days, and air pressure, aligning with established meteorological principles. Moreover, the paper provides an intricate account of data preprocessing, model training procedures, and parameter configurations, making it a valuable reference for future daily precipitation forecasting initiatives. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of incorporating Gaussian noise into the dataset, particularly in improving prediction accuracy for days with zero precipitation. In an innovative extension, the study delves into the impact of precipitation predictions on water resource allocation, conducting experiments to optimize daily water distribution for farmland irrigation. Using the 2022 Beidahu precipitation data, two strategies were explored: Strategy A, involving equal water resource distribution, and Strategy B, which allocates resources based on predictive values. The results demonstrate that allocating resources based on predictions leads to a more rational and effective distribution, contributing to improved water resource management. In conclusion, this research not only provides valuable insights into daily precipitation prediction with deep learning models but also extends its contributions to the realm of water resource management, underscoring its relevance in meteorological forecasting and broader applications.
Exploring the medicinal potential of in vitro cultures for enhanced production of metabolite empowered by green silver nanoparticles in Alhagi maurorum Medik
Authors: BAMAL DEEPAK , SEHRAWAT ANITA RANI , SINGH ANOOP , SWAMI NISHA
Published: November 2023

Alhagi maurorum, a valuable medicinal plant, presents an opportunity for sustainable biomass production and the amplification of therapeutic compounds. Here, MS Medium containing BAP (3.0 mg/L), NAA (0.1 mg/L), kinetin (0.50 mg/L) and including ascorbic acid (50.0 mg/L), adenine sulfate (25.0 mg/L), citric acid (25.0 mg/L), and arginine (25.0 mg/L) were used for callus formation, multiplication and differentiation from shoot tip with cotyledons and hypocotyl explants. The effectiveness of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the growth, differentiation of calli, plantlet formation and antioxidant accumulation of Alhagi maurorum tissues was investigated. The biogenic AgNPs synthesis and characterization were confirmed UV-Vis spectroscopy. The size shape and nature were confirmed via zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM analysis. Incorporating green-synthesized AgNPs (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0 mg/L) in conjunction with plant growth regulators, significantly promoted embryogenic callus formation, proliferation and differentiation, demonstrating nanotechnology's potential in plant tissue culture. Adding 8.0 mg/L AgNPs in callus cultures showed higher accumulation of total soluble protein (45.56 and 43.58 mg/gDW), total free amino acids (17.46 and 16.56 mg/gDW), and total starch (43.59 and 32.43 mg/gDW) from cotyledons and hypocotyl, respectively. Total phenolic compounds (185.68 and 179.40 mg/g DW GAE), total flavonoids (71.38 and 68.01 mg/gQE) from cotyledons and hypocotyls, respectively were reported in the cultures raised at 8.0 mg/L AgNPs concentration in MS media. Enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (97.83 and 93.34% inhibition), peroxidase (2.54 and 2.42 U), catalase (65.63 and 65.50 U), ascorbate peroxidase (0.61 and 0.49 mM/mg FW), and glutathione reductase (0.96 and 0.78 U), were reported at the same concentration of AgNPs for cotyledon and hypocotyl derived tissues, respectively. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing nanoparticle-plant interactions and addressing potential health challenges. Hence, the present research shed light on the therapeutic significance of Alhagi maurorum and the potential applications of AgNPs in the enhanced production of valuable compounds.
Potentilla nepalensis leaf extract revealed p53, Nf-kB1, and HSP proteins as biomarkers – Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Dynamic studies
Authors: Praveen Mallari , Buendia Ricardo
Published: November 2023

Potentilla nepalensis belongs to the Rosaceae family, and has numerous therapeutic applications as potent plant-based medicine. Forty phytoconstituents (PCs) from the root and stem through n-hexane (NR and NS) and methanolic (MR and MS) extracts were identified in our earlier studies. However, the PCs affecting human genes and their roles in the body are not disclosed till now. In this study, we employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), and MMGBSA methodologies. SMILES format of PCs from the PubChem used as input to DIGEP-Pred, 764 identified as the inducing genes. Their enrichment studies have shown inducing genes gene ontology descriptions, involved pathways, associated diseases, and drugs. PPI networks constructed in String DB and network topological analysing parameters done in Cytoscape v3.10 revealed three biomarkers, TP53 from MS, NR, and NS induced genes; HSPCB and Nf-kB1 from MR induced genes. From 40 PCs, two PCs 1b (MR) and 2a (MS), showed better binding scores (kcal/mol) with p53 protein of -8.6, and − 8.0; three PCs 3a, (NR) 4a and 4c (NS) with HSP protein of -9.6, -8.7, and − 8.2. MDS and MMGBSA revealed these complexes are stable without higher deviations with better free energy values. Biomarkers identified in this study, have a prominent role in numerous cancers. Further wet lab investigations are required to determine the molecular functions and interlaying mechanism by P.nepalensis leaf PCs on the biomarkers identified.
Study on the ability and heterogeneity of oil water two-phase flow in sandstone
Authors: Li Yaoting , Chen Shijia , Chen Lin , Jiang Li , Yin Xiangdong
Published: November 2023

It is difficult to analyze the heterogeneity of sandstone reservoir and the seepage law of multi-phase fluid in Porous medium. Traditional experimental methods are difficult to accurately characterize the multi-phase flow and seepage characteristics of heterogeneous sandstone. This study focuses on the marine continental transitional sandstone reservoir in the the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea, and analyzes the influence of oil-water permeability of sandstone and pore throat radius on permeability. The finite element seepage model of oil-water two-phase in heterogeneous sandstone is constructed based on the Weibull distribution function, and the seepage simulation is carried out in combination with the actual geological profile. The analysis results indicate that the transitional sandstone between sea and land has higher bound water saturation and narrower pore throat radius compared to conventional sandstone. The numerical simulation results show that the porosity, permeability, and pressure gradient of sandstone have a significant impact on the two-phase flow ability of sandstone, while the influence of bound water saturation is relatively small, while the residual oil saturation has no effect. Weibull distribution function can better characterize the heterogeneity of sandstone reservoir. The shape parameters of Weibull distribution have more significant influence on rock heterogeneity. The larger the shape parameter of Weibull distribution function is, the more concentrated the sandstone seepage velocity field and oil saturation distribution are, and the farther the seepage distance is; The larger the scale parameter of Weibull distribution is, the more dispersed the sandstone seepage velocity field and oil saturation distribution are, and the farther the seepage distance is. Based on physical simulation experiments and numerical simulation results of crude oil migration, due to the heterogeneity between sandstone and mudstone, the fluid selectively fills sandstone reservoirs with better physical properties. The simulated oil water seepage characteristics are also in good agreement with the distribution of actual oil reservoirs.
To, Editorial Office Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Screening Natural Compounds using Zinc 15 Database for Insilico Study of GSK-3β Inhibitors as anti-Alzheimer Potential
Authors: Chaudhari Somdatta Y. , Shinde Namrata N. , Nagalapur Pooja Prabhu , Malusare Anita Vijay , Ghosh Arabinda , Borah Sudarshana , Patel Pinkal , Rathod Vivek D. , Jadhav Shailaja B. , Chaudhari Pravin D.
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer's disease is a neurologic condition that predominantly afflicts the elderly, characterized by its progressive and multifaceted nature, and recognized as the primary global source of dementia. In 2019, Alzheimer's disease ranked as the 7th most common cause of death. In the year 2023, it is estimated that around 6.7 million Americans who are aged 65 and above are grappling with disease. AD poses a significant worldwide health challenge, demanding inventive methods for the discovery of new drugs. GSK-3beta plays a role in phosphorylating the tau protein, which is a central element in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The inhibition of GSK-3β presents a fresh approach to reducing the development of both amyloid plaques(Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles, which are two key pathological hallmarks of AD. The exploration of natural compound databases through virtual screening represents a highly promising avenue in the pursuit of innovative Alzheimer's disease treatments. In this study, we have selected a natural product database derived from ZINC15. Initially, the 2,24,191 natural compounds underwent screening to assess their ability to meet BBB parameters and ADMET properties. Based on the results of ADMET analysis, the most promising compounds (4241) were chosen and subjected to docking studies using Auto Dock Vina. Subsequently, the top compounds were selected from the docking outcomes having binding scores higher than that of standard co-crystal ligand OH8 (-8.4 kcal/mol) and CNS MPO Score between 0 to 6. The molecular dynamics simulation results indicated that the compounds remained stable throughout the entire simulation duration, exhibiting improved (RMSD) and (RMSF) values compared to the standard ligand.
Assessment of the research output in SCOPUS-indexed publications and Open Access Initiatives of Top NIRF-ranked universities in India (2018-2023)
Authors: Bandi Ishappa Channappa , T Harish H , Laxmeshwar Sameer
Published: November 2023

National ranking systems of the universities in India, and the Open Access initiatives, emphasize the roles of research publications towards enhancing the national research output by achieving higher visibility for the novel works and their citations. The present study insights from the critical analyses of the institutional performances in the top NIRF-ranked universities of the last six years and Scopus-indexed publications. The impacts of constraining factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic on research publications have also been assessed by mapping the annual growth rate (AGR) for each of these universities. Results of the investigation show that the outputs of many of the universities surveyed (n=12 out of 14) had been adversely affected by the pandemic during 2020, regarding the number of publications an affiliated researcher published in SCOPUS-indexed journals. Further, the study discusses the best practices adopted by the top-ranked Indian universities publishing open access (OA) resources. The read and publish agreements with leading publishers, the visibility of the OA publications from deemed-to-be universities like MAHE, Manipal was about 44.79%. Other action plans to boost research outputs, such as providing APC charges by the universities for the OA publications (e.g. VIT, Vellore), boosted the inclination towards open-access publications. The present study illustrates case-specificity in associations between AGR and NIRF-ranking for only two universities (IISc Bangalore and MAHE Manipal) ranked within the top 10 universities. This illustrates the deeper commitment to the best practices within these universities as reasons for higher productivity despite the pandemic scenario.
Discovering causal genes and comorbidities for asthma
Authors: Zaied Roan E. , O’Sullivan Justin M. , Gokuladhas Sreemol , Walker Caroline
Published: November 2023

Asthma is a heterogeneous phenotype that is often associated with other phenotypes. Identifying the genetic mediators that modulate the interaction between asthma and asthma-associated conditions will help inform our understanding of asthma heterogeneity. Here, we used Mendelian randomisation to identify asthma causal genes and their modifier spatial eQTLs within lung and whole blood-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which integrate information on spatial genome organisation with tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data. Subsequently, we located the asthma-causal genes in the tissue-specific GRNs to define a putative asthma GRN and identified curated protein interaction partners occurring up to 4 edges (levels) away from the asthma GRN (level 0). We then queried the GWAS Catalog with the spatial eQTLs regulating level 0-4 genes to identify the GWAS traits enriched at each level (hypergeometric test; FDR≤0.05). This identified 113 traits significantly enriched in the regulatory space proximal to asthma, 106 of which had known associations with asthma (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus and age-related macular degeneration) and seven traits whose association with asthma is yet to be confirmed. Importantly, our analysis identifies the genes and SNPs that modulate the interaction between asthma and asthma-associated traits by identifying the direct and indirect protein interacting partners of asthma causal genes. Finally, we highlight the druggable genes identified in our analysis, thereby providing new drug-repurposing opportunities for asthma.
The Role of the Internet in Influencing Self-Medication Behaviors Among Urban Residents in India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Prabhune Akash , Sivakumar Shriraam , Patil Vaibhav Dilip , Priya P S Karpaga
Published: November 2023

Objective
The objective of the study was to understand the influence of the internet on self-medication practices amongst the laypeople residing across the three urban centres (Bengaluru, Amritsar, and Chennai).
Methodology:
This cross-sectional study explores the role of the internet in influencing self-medication behaviours among urban residents in three Indian cities: Bengaluru, Amritsar, and Chennai. A web-based questionnaire was administered to adults aged 18 and above, excluding medical and allied medical students, resulting in 350 valid responses.
Results
The findings reveal that 34.5% of respondents had engaged in self-medication in the past three months, with 35.5% of them citing the internet as a source of information for self-medication decisions. The study identified the most common reasons for self-medication, such as minor ailments not necessitating a healthcare provider's consultation (36%) and the convenience of timesaving (35.4%). Internet usage was more prevalent among participants aged 21–40 years, with Bengaluru reporting the highest internet-based self-medication instances (62%). When examining the role of the internet in self-medication, the study found that it significantly influenced decision-making in 26.7% of the cases. Participants primarily used internet search engines (87%) to gather information, with a focus on drug prices (60%) and common adverse effects (19%). Importantly, this study assessed the risk of adverse events associated with internet-based self-medication and found no statistically significant difference when compared to self-medication based on old prescriptions or advice from family and friends.
Conclusion
This study sheds light on the evolving patterns of self-medication practices in urban India, highlighting the growing role of the Internet as a source of information. While concerns about the internet's influence on self-medication exist, the study's findings suggest that it does not pose a significantly higher risk of adverse events compared to traditional sources of information. Further research on self-medication behaviours across diverse populations and regions is warranted to gain a comprehensive understanding of this prevalent healthcare practice.
Large intradiploic arachnoid cyst of the skull in child – a case report and new terminology proposition
Authors: Drożdż Adrian , Wojciechowski Tomasz , Ciszek Bogdan , Stopa Zygmunt
Published: November 2023

We present a rare finding of the arachnoid matter invaginating into the base of middle cranial fossa and creating an abnormal space. Presented entity was incidentally found in head CT scan of 12-year-old male. Based on the radiological characteristics in CT scans and MR image the diagnosis of intradiploic arachnoid cyst (AC) was suggested. After surgical intervention and histopathological analysis of the specimen the diagnosis was confirmed. We assume this is the first description of large intrasphenoid AC without any traumatic or iatrogenic cause. The literature provides many different terms for the phenomenon. We are proposing term intradiploic arachnoid diverticulum as the more accurate for capture the essence of the phenomenon. It provides clear differentiation of the entities from classical arachnoid cysts since they are of different anatomical localization (intradural vs. extradural) and etiopathogenesis. Management with arachnoid diverticulum is not yet established. Surgical intervention may be required because of the risk of bone destruction and cerebro-spinal fluid leakage.
Neglected Children with Cystic Fibrosis due to War (Turkey Profile of Refugee Patients)
Authors: Yılmaz Aslı İmran , Pekcan Sevgi , Eyüboğlu Tuğba Şişmanlar , Hangül Melih , Aslan Hüseyin , Kılınç Ayşe Ayzıt , Çokuğraş Haluk , Arık Elif , Keskin Özlem , Özdemir Ali , Ersoy Murat , Ersoy Ali , Köse Mehmet , Özsezen Beste , Ünal Gökçen , Ercan Ömür , Girit Saniye , Oksay Sinem Can , Gökdemir Yasemin , Karadağ Bülent , Şen Velat , Çakır Erkan , Yüksel Hasan , Tekin Merve Nur , Aslan Ayşe Tana
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, the population of Arab refugees in Turkey has rapidly increased. While cystic fibrosis (CF) is believed to be rare among Arabs, recent studies suggest it is underdiagnosed. This study aims to present the demographic, clinical, and genetic characteristics of CF patients among Arab refugees in Turkey. Additionally, a comparison is made between the findings in the National CF Registry 2021 in Turkey (NCFRT) and the refugee CF patient group. Materials and Methods: The study included refugee patients between the ages of 0 and 18 years who were diagnosed with CF and received ongoing care at pediatric pulmonology centers from March 2011 to March 2021. The study examined demographic information, age at diagnosis, age of diagnosis of patients through CF newborn screening (NBS), presenting symptoms, CFTR mutation test results, sputum culture results, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) z score. Their results were compared with the NCFRT results. Results: The study included 14 pediatric pulmonology centers and 87 patients, consisting of 46 (52.9%) boys and 41 (47.1%) girls. All of the patients were Arab refugees, with 80 (92%) being Syrian. The median age at diagnosis of patients was 22.33 (1-258) months. The median age of diagnosis of patients through NBS was 4.2 (1–12) months. Parental consanguinity was observed in 52 (59.7%) patients. The most frequently found mutation (22.2%) was F508del, found in 32 out of 144 alleles. There was a large number of genetic variations. Compared to NCFRT, refugee patients were diagnosed later and long-term follow-up of refugee CF patients had significantly worse nutritional status and pseudomonas colonization. Discussion: Although refugee CF patients have equal access to NBS programs and CF medications as well as Turkish patients, the median age at diagnosis of patients, the median age of diagnosis of patients through NBS, their nutritional status, and Pseudomonas colonization were significantly worse than Turkish patients, which may be related to the difficulties of living in another country and poor living conditions. The high genetic heterogeneity and rare mutations detected in the refugee patient group compared to Turkish patients. Well-programmed NBS programs, thorough genetic studies, and the enhancement of living conditions for refugee patients in the countries they relocate to can have several advantages such as early detection and improved prognosis.
Improved Rotating Kratzer-Fues Oscillator. Eigenenergies, Eigenfunctions, Coherent States and Ladder operators
Authors: Molski Marcin
Published: November 2023

Exact analytical energy formula for the rotating Kratzer-Fues oscillator with (v, J)-dependent potential parameters is obtained. It was used to reproduce the spectral data generated by the vibrational transitions v → v + 1, v = 0, 1...7
in J = 0, 1...47 rotational states of dinitrogen 14N2 and 15N2 in the grounde lectronic state X1Σ+g . Calculations performed for two isotopic variants enabled the selection of the mass-dependent and independent potential parameters defining
the model. To check the ability of the eigenenergies derived to reproduce rotational transitions measured with kHz accuracy, calculations for 74Ge32S, 79Br35Cl and 1H35Cl were performed, obtaining agreement between theoretical
and experimental results. Minimum uncertainty coherent states and ladder operators for the rotating improved Kratzer-Fues oscillator are also constructed.
Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of Lesion Characteristics and Thrombus Types in Non ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: He Qing , Yu Haijia , Li Jingchao , Song Huihui , Cui Luqian , Ma Lingkun , Kang Yue , Ding Zihan , Chu Yingjie , Dong Shujuan
Published: November 2023

Background: The precise features of lesions in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients with total occlusion (TO) of the infarct-related artery (IRA) are still unclear. This study employs optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate pathological features in NSTEMI patients with or without IRA TO and explores the relationship between thrombus types and IRA occlusion.
Methods:This was a single-center retrospective study. A total of 202 patients diagnosed with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) were divided into two groups: those with Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 0 before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (referred to as the TO group, n=100) and those TIMI flow grade 1-3 (referred to as the Non-TO group, n=102). Baseline characteristics, coronary angiography findings, and OCT results were collected. Multivariate logistic analysis identified factors influencing TO in NSTEMI. The category of NSTEMI was further subdivided based on the type of electrocardiogram (ECG) into two subgroups: ST segment unoffset myocardial infarction (STUMI) and ST segment depression myocardial infarction (STDMI). This division allows for a more specific classification of NSTEMI cases.
Results:The TO group had a younger age, higher male representation, more smokers, lower hypertension and cerebrovascular disease incidence, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and higher creatine kinase myocardial band (CKMB) and creatine kinase (CK) peak levels. In the TO group, LCX served as the main IRA (52.0%), whereas in the Non-TO group, LAD was the predominant IRA (45.1%). Compared to the Non-TO group, OCT findings demonstrated that red thrombus/mixed thrombus was more common in the TO group, along with a lower occurrence of white thrombus (P<0.001). The TO group exhibited a higher prevalence of STUMI (P=0.001), whereas STDMI was more commonly observed in the Non-TO group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: NSTEMI presents as STUMI and STDMI distinct entities. Red thrombus/mixed thrombus in IRA often indicates occlusive lesions with STUMI on ECG. White thrombus suggests non-occlusive lesions with STDMI on ECG.
Unlocking Carbon Emission Reduction Potential in Brazilian Grain Transportation
Authors: Branco José Eduardo Holler , Bartholomeu Daniela Bacchi , Alves Paulo Nocera , Cruz José Cesar , Filho José Vicente Caixeta , Melo Isotilia Costa
Published: November 2023

Energy performance and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are crucial aspects of transport systems planning. Freight transportation is responsible for around 20% of global emissions. A large amount of cargo is transported by trucks over long-distance routes. In Brazil (the fifth-largest country globally and the largest in Latin America), this transportation mode has the highest emission in the transport industry. This paper aims to develop an exploratory analysis of impacting actions and policies to reduce emissions in Brazilian most frequent freight transportation cargo and quantitatively measure the impacts. The results reveal that the policies and actions have the potential to cut 30% of the yearly emissions in 2029, i.e., avoiding the emission of roughly five million tons of CO2 per year. Also, they could promote expressive economic gains. The identified best practices can be replicated in global contexts with land transportation over long-distance routes, significantly contributing to reducing climate change.
vGRF analysis based on GRA-BP model to predict volleyball smash landing
Authors: zhang nan , Meng Qing-hua , Bao Chun-yu , Zhou Lu-xing , Fu Guang-liang , Cui Shuai-qi
Published: November 2023

Vertical Ground Reaction Force (vGRF) is essential for the biomechanical analysis of volleyball players.
Objective A method of constructing a coupled mathematical model of Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) and BP neural networks to predict the vGRF of volleyball players hitting the ball on the ground instead of a three-dimensional force table.
method 20 second-level volleyball players from the Tianjin Institute of Physical Education were selected to demonstrate the volleyball smash action in a two-step running mode, and kinematic data and vGRF were collected synchronously using the Qualisys 8-lens infrared spot high-speed motion capture system and the Kistler three-dimensional force measuring table. Opensim was used to calculate the kinematic data of volleyball players performing a two-step running smash. GRA was used to screen kinematic indicators with a correlation of less than 0.98, root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used as evaluation indicators of the GRA-BP model, and Kendall's( W) coefficient evaluation was used to predict the agreement between vGRF and measured vGRF.
Results The GRA results showed that the correlation degree of 13 kinematic data such as pelvic anterior tilt angle, pelvic tilt angle and pelvic rotation angle was higher than 0.98. The root mean square error (RMSE) between the predicted value and the measured value is 0.33 BW, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 4%, the mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.29 BW, and the Kendall's W coefficient is 0.945, P≤0.001.
Conclusions The established GRA-BP model can significantly improve the accuracy of volleyball players in hitting the ball and vGRF and significantly reduce the measurement time. At the same time, the mathematical model provides data support for scientific training and better accompanies athletes' health training and participation. Finally, the model has good reproducibility and easy operation, and will also provide theoretical and practical reference for guiding national sports and scientific fitness.
Recession Prediction Using Multiple Machine Learning Methods and Historical Economic Data
Authors: Mackay Philip , Ghafoor Mubeen
Published: November 2023

Recent economic recessions have been triggered by a diverse range of factors. Consequently, traditional predictive methods have only been partially effective at identifying them. This paper investigates the use of machine learning methods to improve the accuracy of economic recession prediction in both the UK and USA. LR, LDA, KNN, DTC, GNB, SVC, NN, RTC, LSTM, CNN and XGB models were tested with economic data from 1900 onwards. The UK data included gross domestic product, unemployment rate, inflation, FTSE 100 index, yield curve and levels of debt. For the USA the 50-day simple moving average 10-year treasury rates minus 50-day simple moving average 3-month treasury rates was utilised. Averaged F1, recall and accuracy for 100 iterations of each model were used to assess overall performance. Confusion matrices displayed each model’s predictions against actual events. During training, accuracy was high for all models, ranging from 1.0 to 0.81. Recall, F1 and confusion matrix results varied widely. LSTM performed best with recall and F1 values 0.96 and 0.97 and correctly identifying 11 in 12 Positive USA events. KNN, DTC, RFC and XGB displayed good results with recall 0.99 to 0.75, F1 1.0 to 0.69 and correctly identified 2 in 3 Positive events. LR, GNB and NN returned less reliable predictions with recall 0.24 to 0.54, F1 0.32 to 0.49 and correctly identifying 1 in 3 Positive events. LDA, SVC and CNN were inadequate with recall 0.07 to 0 and F1 0.12 to 0, returning few true Positive predictions. Using recent data, most models predicted the USA avoiding recession during 2023-24. However, the probability increased from 0.01 to 0.5 by mid-2023, then reduce once more. LR, LDA and LSTM initially predicted no recession, but the probability rapid increased to between 0.83 and 0.97 by April 2024. Although recession may be avoided, modelling suggested an increasing risk. The results confirm the usefulness of machine learning in recession prediction. The importance of diverse training datasets is highlighted. Performance of the individual algorithms varied, with several poor at accurately identifying the rare recession events amongst abundant non-recession events. The neural network models, especially LSTM and XGB proved most accurate. To further improve performance, work to refine the training datasets and further utilise advanced models, such as LSTM is required.
Effect of Chemical Modification on the Distribution of Electrophoretic Mobilities of Individual Molecules of E. coli beta-Galactosidase
Authors: Riehl Brynne K , Klassen Allyster BT , Abas Sumaiya , Pathak Winner , Craig Douglas B
Published: November 2023

Escherichia coli β-galactosidase was labelled with 1 mM fluorescein 5-carbamoylmethylthiopropanoic N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester for 1 and 3 min. The samples were separated by capillary electrophoresis and peak areas compared to standards of label after attachment of BSA in order to determine the concentration of attached label. Enzyme concentration in the samples was determined by single molecule counting. The average number of labels attached to each molecule of enzyme was found to be 3.1 and 4.5. The distribution of single enzyme molecule electrophoretic mobilities for the unlabelled enzyme and that labelled for 1 and 3 minutes were measured using capillary electrophoresis. The average mobilities were found determined to be -1.99x10− 8 m2V− 1s− 1 ± 1.3x10− 9 m2V− 1s− 1 (N = 39), -2.16 x10− 8 m2V− 1s− 1 ± 1.9x10− 9 m2V− 1s− 1 (N = 46), and − 2.18 x10− 8 m2V− 1s− 1 ± 2.1x10− 9 (N = 39) respectively. A protein electrophoresis model was applied and predicted that the differences in average mobilities could be explained through relatively minor changes in overall charge, Stokes radius, and shape. This difference was similar to the range in mobilities observed in the unlabelled protein. This is consistent with the electrophoretic heterogeneity of the unmodified enzyme being caused by relatively small differences in charge, size, and shape of the individual molecules in the population.
Viscoelastic Surfaces and interfaces inversely to classical laws of friction @ Tribology
Authors: Tomar P.
Published: November 2023

Tribology of bio and bio-inspired interface is useful for assessment of friction, lubrication, and wear of interacting surfaces. The ultra-low friction coefficient (~ 0.01 or less) of soft biological interface in sliding condition is due to the impact of surface chemistry and biomechanical diffusion. The biomimicry of soft hydrogels from hydrophobic macromolecules with supramolecular interaction of hydration shells is emerging for designing of amphiphilic substrates. The viscoelasticity is the inherent mechanical property of soft biological matter/hydrogels for performance under loadings.
QSPR Analysis of Some Novel Drugs Used for Cardiovascular Diseases through Degree-Based Topological Indices and Regression Models
Authors: Hakeem Abdul , Ullah Asad , Zaman Shahid , Jabeen Safina
Published: November 2023

Degree-based topological indices play a significant role in Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) analysis, to predict the properties and potential efficacy of novel drugs used in heart failure treatment. These indices are mathematical representation of molecular structures which are based on the degree of atoms within a molecule. In this paper, Degree-based topological indices are used in QSPR analysis of novel drugs for heart failure treatment. This analytical approach provides a valuable insight into the effectiveness and safety of these medications. Moreover, it can help researchers to identify promising novel drugs for heart failure treatment, while minimizing the risk associated with drug development. It can contribute to design medicines with improved therapeutic efficacy and ultimately lead to better outcomes for heart failure patients. This paper focuses on the computation of seven degree-based topological indices and QSPR analysis for eight heart failure drugs (Pentoxifylline, Prasugrel, Dabigatran, Nebivolol, Ezetimibe, Enalapril, Irbesartan and Nicorandil) to Correlate four physicochemical properties (Complexity, Molar volume, Reactivity and Molecular Weight). By correlating the topological indices with experimental biological properties, we can identify key molecular features that can contribute to the drug's effectiveness in treating heart failure.