bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective audit on the effect of training and educational workshops on the incidence of urethral catheterization injuries
Authors: Bhatt Nikita R. , Davis Niall F. , Quinlan Mark R. , Flynn Robert J. , McDermott T.E.D. , Manecksha Rustom P. , Thornhill John A.
Published: July 2017

Introduction: The incidence of iatrogenic urethral catheterization (UC) injuries is approximately 0.3%. Resultant complications are associated with patient morbidity and unnecessary healthcare costs. Our aim was to investigate whether educational training workshops decreased the incidence of UC-related injuries.Methods: A prospective audit was performed to calculate incidence, morbidity, and costs associated with iatrogenic UC injury from January to July 2015. Educational workshops were then conducted with healthcare staff and training modules for junior doctors. UC-related incidence, morbidity, and costs in the subsequent six-month period were recorded prospectively and compared with the previous data.Results: The incidence of iatrogenic UC injuries was reduced from 4.3/1000 catheters inserted to 3.8/1000 catheters after the intervention (p=0.59). Morbidity from UC increased in the second half in the form of increase in cumulative additional inpatient hospital stay (22 to 79 days; p=0.25), incidence of urosepsis (n=2 to n=4), and need for operative intervention (n=1 to n=2). The cost of managing UC injuries almost doubled in the period after the training intervention (€50 449 to €90 100).Conclusions: Current forms of educational and training interventions for UC did not significantly change morbidity or cost of iatrogenic UC injuries despite a decrease in incidence. Improved and intensive training protocols are necessary for UC to prevent avoidable iatrogenic complications, as well as a safer urethral catheter design.
Students’ Perceptions on Using Different Listening Assessment Methods: Audio-Only and Video Media
Authors: Sulaiman Norazean , Muhammad Ahmad Mazli , Ganapathy Nurul Nadiah Dewi Faizul , Khairuddin Zulaikha , Othman Salwa
Published: July 2017

The importance and usefulness of incorporating video media elements to teach listening have become part of the general understanding and commonplace in the academia nowadays (Alonso, 2013; Macwan, 2015; Garcia, 2012). Hence, it is of vital importance that students are taught effectively and assessed accordingly on their listening skills. The purpose of this study is to examine students’ perceptions towards audio only method and video media method in listening assessment. The participants for this study were 150 students from four different faculties. Pre and post-test were conducted in collecting the data for this study with the same set of questions with two different assessment methods used. The results indicated that the majority of the participants have positive response towards the use of video media as their listening assessment method as it provides authentic, meaningful, and real-life situation contexts. Video has been used as a tool to cater the needs of 21st century learners as these learners are exposed with a lot of visual materials in their daily life. More video media related assessments should be implemented in the second language (L2) classrooms so that students will be more familiar with the different types of assessments present these days. In light of this notion, curriculum developers should be aware of the advancement in technology and ready to invest in changes.
Crude Oil and the Libyan Economy
Authors: Etelawi Abdulrazag Mohamed , Blatner Keith A , McCluskey Jill
Published: July 2017

Oil is the primary source of income in the Libyan economy; hence, it is important to more fully understand the economic factors associated with this sector of the economy. We applied a recent growth theory model to develop a better understanding of the relationship among capital, labor, domestic consumption of oil, oil exports and gross domestic product (GDP) in the Libyan economy. A log linear model was estimated using annual data for the period 1980 to 2012. All of the coefficients were significant at the 0.05 level except the log of labor, which was significant at the 0.0613 level. The signs associated with the variables were consistent with economic theory. The adjusted R square was 0.912 indicating that approximately 91 percent of variation in GDP was explained by the independent variables. There was only limited multicollinearity in the model as all Variance Inflation Factors (VIF) values were less than 10. Breusch Pagan and Anderson-Darling test results indicated a constant variance and that the errors were normally distributed, respectively. Similarly, the Durbin-Watson statistic indicated an absence of autocorrelation at the 0.05 level. The resulting elasticities were positive and strongly inelastic, indicating that large changes in each of the variables would be required to dramatically increase GDP. Nevertheless, it is clear that oil will continue to play a leading future economic growth and development.
Using a Balanced Scorecard Approach to Measure Environmental Performance: A Proposed Model
Authors: Al-Zwyalif Inaam M.
Published: July 2017

Environmental aspects have been recognized by today’s organizations as the most important components of value creation that would contribute to the achievement of the goals and success in the future. The purpose of this study is to propose an Environmental Balanced Scorecard (EBSC) model to evaluate environmental performance in business organizations. It also aims to illustrate how the environmental performance aspects can integrate into the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). To achieve the goals of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted for its suitability for the purpose of the study. An EBSC model was developed to evaluate environmental performance with proposed four perspectives and environmental strategic objectives within each perspective. The four perspectives are the customer, internal process, learning and growth and financial. The proposed model will help managers not only to evaluate the environmental performance, but also to plan, manage and control organization’s environmental activities. In addition, it can serve as a template for the organizations which aims to create environmental awareness and pursue environmental sustainability.
A Comparative Analysis of Exchange Rate Pass-Through in China, Eurozone and the U.S.: A Vector Error Correction Model
Authors: Xu Sheng , Zhang Hailun , Atri Said
Published: July 2017

This study examines the pass-through effect of fluctuations in the exchange rate on inflation in China in comparison with similar effects in the Eurozone and the United States. Using a set of monthly data covering the period 1999 through 2015 for each case, we constructed a Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model as well as an Error Correction model (VECM) to estimate the pass-through effects in the three cases. In addition, to ensure that our results are statistically unbiased we also tested the stationarity of the variables of the model. Moreover, to distinguish between the short-run and long-run pass-through effects, we made use of a series of co-integration tests. Our results indicate that the pass-through effect of changes in the exchange rate in China is much weaker than it is in the Eurozone and the United States. We found this effect in the U.S. to be both more notable and longer-lasting.
Antecedents Brand Trust and Private Universities Reputation
Authors: Husda Nur Elfi , Ratnawati Tri , Kusumaningtyas Amiartuti
Published: July 2017

This study aims to analyze the brand trust and reputation of private universities from the influencing aspects of Management Information System (SIM), service quality (SERVAQUAL), customer response, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), customer value and customer satisfaction toward 360 students Management courses from 4 private universities in Riau Islands province that have used the information system as a service to students by using analytical methods that can provide a simultaneous analysis process associated with multi-variance research. The results of the research showed that SIM and SERVQUAL significantly influence consumer’s response, CRM, customer value and customer satisfaction, but did not affect brand trust and University reputation.
Growing Seed Yams in the Air: the Agronomic Performance of Two Aeroponics Systems Developed in Ghana
Authors: Oteng-Darko Patricia , Kyei-Baffour Nicholas , Otoo Emmanuel , Agyare Wilson Agyei
Published: July 2017

Aeroponics has been perceived as a technology crammed innovation, far out of reach of the ordinary farmer. Apart from its continuous dependency on electrical power, the technology comes with very sophisticated inputs such as solenoid valves, timers, misters, CO2 tanks, and air and water pumps. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the option of using gravity-fed and pressurised aeroponics system for propagating seed yams from vine cuttings. The study was setup at the CSIR–Crops Research Institute in collaboration with the Agricultural Engineering Department of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. The basic advantage of the gravity-fed system is its non-dependency on electrical power, pumps or timers and its ability for continuous production. The two systems were set-up using conventional materials and equipment available on the local market. The treatments were arranged in a split-split-plot design with the two aeroponic units as the main plot, four nutrient concentration levels (C1 - , C2 - , C3 - and C4 -) as the sub plots and vine cuttings from three Dioscorea rotundata varieties (Dente, Pona and Mankrong Pona) as sub-sub plots respectively. Results showed there were significant differences (P<0.05) in minituber weight and days to emergence of planted miniubers. The agronomic response of the two systems in producing mini-tubers was suggestive of the fact that both systems could be used to effectively produce mini-tubers.
Pengembangan Profesional Keperawatan Berhubungan dengan Kemampuan Perawat dalam Mengatasi Nyeri Pasien
Authors: Herawati Tri Mulia , Hariyati Rr Tutik Sri , Afifah Efy
Published: July 2017

Pengembangan Profesional Berkelanjutan (PPB) merupakan komponen sistem jenjang karir dimana perencanaan dan implementasi perencanaan karir dapat memengaruhi proses kehidupan perawat. Jenjang karir di beberapa RS telah dilaksanakan namun kadangkala belum selaras dengan pelaksanaan rekrutmen, rotasi, pengembangan professional berkelanjutan dan promosi yang menjadi komponen tidak terpisah dari jenjang karir. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh PPB dengan implementasi manajemen nyeri di rumah sakit. Disain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui data primer sebanyak 121 perawat pelaksana serta data sekunder dokumen rekam medis pasien berisi catatan keperawatan terkait manajemen nyeri yang terdiri dari pengkajian, intervensi dan re-evaluasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah simple random sampling. Analisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa variabel implementasi sistem jenjang karir yang paling berpengaruh terhadap implementasi manajemen nyeri oleh perawat klinik adalah pengembangan profesional berkelanjutan (PPB) (p= 0,027) . Peneliti merekomendasikan perlunya perencanaan terstruktur melalui analisis kebutuhan training bagi masing-masing perawat Kata kunci: sistem jenjang karir, perawat, pengembangan profesional berkelanjutan, manajemen nyeri Abstract The effect of continuous professional development to the implementation of pain managment by nurses in hospital. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is a component of a career ladder system which its planning and implementation can affect in a nurse's life process. In some hospitals, the nursing career ladder system were not associated with recruitment, rotation, continuous professional development and promotion process. This study aimed to identify the effect of CPD to the implementation of pain management in a hospital. The design research was descriptive correlative with cross sectional approach. Data were collected through primary data as much as 121 nurses and also secondary data from patient medical records related to pain management nursing documentation included assessment, intervention, and re-evaluation. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression. The result showed that the variables of the career ladder system implementation that most affected on the pain management implementation by clinical nurses is continuing professional development (CPD)(p= 0.027). It is recommended to make structured planning through training needs analysis for each nurse.
Tsc2 disruption in mesenchymal progenitors results in tumors with vascular anomalies overexpressing Lgals3
Authors: Klover Peter J , Thangapazham Rajesh L , Kato Jiro , Wang Ji-an , Anderson Stasia A , Hoffmann Victoria , Steagall Wendy K , Li Shaowei , McCart Elizabeth , Nathan Neera , Bernstock Joshua D , Wilkerson Matthew D , Dalgard Clifton L , Moss Joel , Darling Thomas N
Published: July 2017

Increased mTORC1 signaling from TSC1/TSC2 inactivation is found in cancer and causes tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The role of mesenchymal-derived cells in TSC tumorigenesis was investigated through disruption of Tsc2 in craniofacial and limb bud mesenchymal progenitors. Tsc2cKOPrrx1-cre mice had shortened lifespans and extensive hamartomas containing abnormal tortuous, dilated vessels prominent in the forelimbs. Abnormalities were blocked by the mTORC1 inhibitor sirolimus. A Tsc2/mTORC1 expression signature identified in Tsc2-deficient fibroblasts was also increased in bladder cancers with TSC1/TSC2 mutations in the TCGA database. Signature component Lgals3 encoding galectin-3 was increased in Tsc2-deficient cells and serum of Tsc2cKOPrrx1-cre mice. Galectin-3 was increased in TSC-related skin tumors, angiomyolipomas, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis with serum levels in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis correlating with impaired lung function and angiomyolipoma presence. Our results demonstrate Tsc2-deficient mesenchymal progenitors cause aberrant morphogenic signals, and identify an expression signature including Lgals3 relevant for human disease of TSC1/TSC2 inactivation and mTORC1 hyperactivity.
Arid1b haploinsufficient mice reveal neuropsychiatric phenotypes and reversible causes of growth impairment
Authors: Celen Cemre , Chuang Jen-Chieh , Luo Xin , Nijem Nadine , Walker Angela K , Chen Fei , Zhang Shuyuan , Chung Andrew S , Nguyen Liem H , Nassour Ibrahim , Budhipramono Albert , Sun Xuxu , Bok Levinus A , McEntagart Meriel , Gevers Evelien F , Birnbaum Shari G , Eisch Amelia J , Powell Craig M , Ge Woo-Ping , Santen Gijs WE , Chahrour Maria , Zhu Hao
Published: July 2017

Sequencing studies have implicated haploinsufficiency of ARID1B, a SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling subunit, in short stature (Yu et al., 2015), autism spectrum disorder (O'Roak et al., 2012), intellectual disability (Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, 2015), and corpus callosum agenesis (Halgren et al., 2012). In addition, ARID1B is the most common cause of Coffin-Siris syndrome, a developmental delay syndrome characterized by some of the above abnormalities (Santen et al., 2012; Tsurusaki et al., 2012; Wieczorek et al., 2013). We generated Arid1b heterozygous mice, which showed social behavior impairment, altered vocalization, anxiety-like behavior, neuroanatomical abnormalities, and growth impairment. In the brain, Arid1b haploinsufficiency resulted in changes in the expression of SWI/SNF-regulated genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. A focus on reversible mechanisms identified Insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) deficiency with inadequate compensation by Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and Growth hormone (GH), underappreciated findings in ARID1B patients. Therapeutically, GH supplementation was able to correct growth retardation and muscle weakness. This model functionally validates the involvement of ARID1B in human disorders, and allows mechanistic dissection of neurodevelopmental diseases linked to chromatin-remodeling.
A broadly distributed toxin family mediates contact-dependent antagonism between gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Whitney John C , Peterson S Brook , Kim Jungyun , Pazos Manuel , Verster Adrian J , Radey Matthew C , Kulasekara Hemantha D , Ching Mary Q , Bullen Nathan P , Bryant Diane , Goo Young Ah , Surette Michael G , Borenstein Elhanan , Vollmer Waldemar , Mougous Joseph D
Published: July 2017

The Firmicutes are a phylum of bacteria that dominate numerous polymicrobial habitats of importance to human health and industry. Although these communities are often densely colonized, a broadly distributed contact-dependent mechanism of interbacterial antagonism utilized by Firmicutes has not been elucidated. Here we show that proteins belonging to the LXG polymorphic toxin family present in Streptococcus intermedius mediate cell contact- and Esx secretion pathway-dependent growth inhibition of diverse Firmicute species. The structure of one such toxin revealed a previously unobserved protein fold that we demonstrate directs the degradation of a uniquely bacterial molecule required for cell wall biosynthesis, lipid II. Consistent with our functional data linking LXG toxins to interbacterial interactions in S. intermedius, we show that LXG genes are prevalent in the human gut microbiome, a polymicrobial community dominated by Firmicutes. We speculate that interbacterial antagonism mediated by LXG toxins plays a critical role in shaping Firmicute-rich bacterial communities.
Nomad scientists and the ones left behind
Authors: Bar Maya , Rotblat Barak , Rechavi Oded
Published: July 2017

To improve the diversity of the scientific workforce, we should not penalize researchers who are unable to move abroad for long periods.
Amphibian population genetics in agricultural landscapes: does viniculture drive the population structuring of the European common frog (Rana temporaria)?
Authors: Lenhardt Patrick P. , Brühl Carsten A. , Leeb Christoph , Theissinger Kathrin
Published: July 2017

Amphibian populations have been declining globally over the past decades. The intensification of agriculture, habitat loss, fragmentation of populations and toxic substances in the environment are considered as driving factors for this decline. Today, about 50% of the area of Germany is used for agriculture and is inhabited by a diverse variety of 20 amphibian species. Of these, 19 are exhibiting declining populations. Due to the protection status of native amphibian species, it is important to evaluate the effect of land use and associated stressors (such as road mortality and pesticide toxicity) on the genetic population structure of amphibians in agricultural landscapes. We investigated the effects of viniculture on the genetic differentiation of European common frog (Rana temporaria) populations in Southern Palatinate (Germany). We analyzed microsatellite data of ten loci from ten breeding pond populations located within viniculture landscape and in the adjacent forest block and compared these results with a previously developed landscape permeability model. We tested for significant correlation of genetic population differentiation and landscape elements, including land use as well as roads and their associated traffic intensity, to explain the genetic structure in the study area. Genetic differentiation among forest populations was significantly lower (median pairwiseFST = 0.0041 at 5.39 km to 0.0159 at 9.40 km distance) than between viniculture populations (median pairwiseFST = 0.0215 at 2.34 km to 0.0987 at 2.39 km distance). Our analyses rejected isolation by distance based on roads and associated traffic intensity as the sole explanation of the genetic differentiation and suggest that the viniculture landscape has to be considered as a limiting barrier forR. temporariamigration, partially confirming the isolation of breeding ponds predicted by the landscape permeability model. Therefore, arable land may act as a sink habitat, inhibiting genetic exchange and causing genetic differentiation of pond populations in agricultural areas. In viniculture, pesticides could be a driving factor for the observed genetic impoverishment, since pesticides are more frequently applied than any other management measure and can be highly toxic for terrestrial life stages of amphibians.
Predator–prey interactions between native brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and the alien boatman Trichocorixa verticalis: influence of salinity, predator sex, and size, abundance and parasitic status of prey
Authors: Céspedes Vanessa , Sánchez Marta I. , Green Andy J.
Published: July 2017

Trichocorixa verticalis (T. verticalis), native to North America and the Caribbean islands, is an invasive waterboatman species (Corixidae) in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Previous studies in the native range have suggested that predation by T. verticalis can regulate the abundance of Anostracan and Cladoceran zooplankton in saline ecosystems, causing increases in phytoplankton through a trophic cascade. In this experimental study, we tested the predator–prey relationship between the native brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica, and T. verticalis from the Odiel salt ponds in SW Spain. In three experiments, we investigated (1) the effects of Artemia life stage (metanauplii, juveniles, and adults), (2) abundance (three, six, and 12 adult Artemia) and (3) parasitic status (Artemia infected with avian cestodes or uninfected) on predation rates by T. verticalis. We also considered how predation rates in all three experiments were influenced by the sex of T. verticalis and by different salinities (25 and 55 g l−1). Experiment 1 showed that predation rates were highest for metanauplii, possibly because their photophilic behavior makes them more prone to predation. In Experiment 2, we found that predation rate was higher for female T. verticalis and the higher salinity, although the strength of the sex effect varied between treatments. Experiment 3 showed that T. verticalis selectively predated adult Artemia infected with cestodes (red in color), as previously reported for predation by avian final hosts. Collectively, these results indicate that T. verticalis are important predators in their introduced range, and are likely to reduce the abundance of Artemia in more salt ponds as they expand their range, thus increasing phytoplankton abundance through trophic cascades.
Youth Services System Review: Moving From Knowledge Gathering to Implementation Through Collaboration, Youth Engagement, and Exploring Local Community Needs
Authors: Brownlie E. B. , Chaim Gloria , Heffernan Olivia , Herzog Tyson , Henderson Joanna
Published: July 2017

This article describes a two-phase, multi-sectoral project aimed at enhancing youth services addressing substance use in Ontario. In the information gathering phase, a youth-focused website and survey, focus groups, and interviews were used to elicit perspectives from multiple stakeholders. In the implementation phase, capacity-building and consultations on transition-aged youth needs were conducted to inform youth transition-readiness checklists. We discuss the importance of engaging youth as collaborators as well as respondents and the processes used to tailor findings to local contexts for implementation.
Engaging Youth in a Mental Health System Improvement Initiative in Ontario: Developing the Be Safe Resource
Authors: Huggett Deanna , Flynn Andrea , Jaouich Alexia , Taylor-Gates Melissa , Davidson Scarlett
Published: July 2017

Youth engagement can improve the accessibility, effectiveness, and sustainability of programs and resources for youth. Little is known about youth engagement in system-level initiatives. As part of Systems Improvement through Service Collaboratives, an Ontario initiative that aimed to improve the system of care for youth with mental health or addictions needs, youth and adults in London, Ontario partnered to co-create Be Safe. The Be Safe resource helps youth manage mental health crises and identify local services. This article showcases a youth-adult partnership in a system-level initiative, and highlights a replicable strategy for developing resources relevant to youth needs and preferences.
Relation between Interfacial Band‐Bending and Electronic Properties in Organic Semiconductor Pentacene
Authors: Zhang Panlong , Zhao Shuai , Wang Haibo , Zhang Jidong , Shi Jianwu , Wang Hua , Yan Donghang
Published: July 2017

There is still a challenge in organic electronics to effectively tailor interfacial electronic structures for achieving desired electronic properties for optoelectronic devices. This study realizes the tuning of interfacial electronic structures in organic semiconductor pentacene by employing substrates with different work functions. Pentacene layers show downward band‐bending with a low work function, flat band with a middle work function, and upward band‐bending with a high work function. The formation of band‐bending is explained by the electrostatic potential according to the Fermi level position. Different interfacial electronic structures can influence the carrier transport across the interface. Their diodes show different rectifying behaviors due to band‐bending, and ohmic transport is observed for the flat band structure. This work is a promising exploration to realize desired functions of semiconductor devices by tailoring interfacial electronic structures.
Commercial Prospects of Existing Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Li Wei‐Jie , Han Chao , Wang Wanlin , Gebert Florian , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Zhang Xinhe , Dou Shi‐Xue
Published: July 2017

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have recently attracted considerable attention and are considered as an alternative to lithium ion batteries (LIBs), owing to the cheap price and abundance of sodium resources. However, the commercialization of SIBs has so far been impeded by the low energy density and unstable cycle life of electrodes, especially as cathodes. Although some cathode candidates with a stable cycle life and high energy density have been developed using nanotechnologies, the commercial feasibility is seldom taken into account. This research news article provides an insight into the commercial prospects of existing cathode materials for SIBs in terms of environmental friendliness, manufacturing cost, synthesis methods and electrochemical performance.
Application of Synchrotron Radiation Technologies to Electrode Materials for Li‐ and Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Weifeng , Marcelli Augusto , Xia Dingguo
Published: July 2017

The search for superior‐energy‐density electrode materials for rechargeable batteries is prompted by the continuously growing demand for new electric vehicles and large energy‐storage grids. The structural properties of electrode materials affect their electrochemical performance because their functionality is correlated to their structure at the atomic scale. Although challenging, a deeper and comprehensive understanding of the basic structural operating units of electrode materials may contribute to the advancement of new energy‐storage technologies and many other technologies. Therefore, we must strategically control both the structure and kinetics of electrode materials to achieve optimal electrochemical performance. In this contribution, advancements in synchrotron radiation techniques, specifically in situ/operando experiments on electrode materials for rechargeable batteries, are presented and discussed. Indeed, the latest synchrotron radiation methods offer deeper insights into pristine and chemically modified electrode materials, opening new opportunities to optimize these materials and exploit new technologies. In particular, the most recent results from in situ/operando synchrotron radiation measurements, which play a critical role in the fundamental understanding of the kinetics processes that occur in rechargeable batteries, are discussed.
Lin‐Gettig syndrome: Craniosynostosis expands the spectrum of the KAT6B related disorders
Authors: Bashir Rani A. , Dixit Abhijit , Goedhart Caitlin , Parboosingh Jillian S. , Innes Allan M. ,   Care for Rare Canada Consortium, Ferreira Patrick , Hasan Shabih U. , Au Ping‐Yee B.
Published: July 2017

We report two patients with sagittal craniosynostosis, hypoplastic male genitalia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, thyroid abnormalities, and dysmorphic features which include short palpebral fissures and retrognathia. The clinical presentation of both patients was initially thought to be suggestive of Lin‐Gettig syndrome (LGS), a multiple malformation syndrome associated with craniosynostosis that was initially reported in two brothers in 1990, with a third patient reported in 2003. Our first patient was subsequently found through exome sequencing to have a de novo mutation in KAT6B, c.4572dupT, p.(Thr1525Tyrfs*16). The second patient was ascertained as possible LGS, but KAT6B mutation testing was pursued clinically after the identification of the KAT6B mutation in Patient 1, and identified a de novo mutation, c.4205_4206delCT, p.(Ser1402Cysfs*5). The phenotypic spectrum of KAT6B mutations has been expanding since identification of KAT6B mutations in genitopatellar syndrome (GPS) and Say Barber Biesecker Young Simpson (SBBYS) syndrome patients. We show that craniosynostosis, which has not been previously reported in association with KAT6B mutations, may be part of the genitopatellar/Say Barber Biesecker Young Simpson spectrum. These two patients also further demonstrate the overlapping phenotypes of genitopatellar and SBBYS syndromes recently observed by others. Furthermore, we propose that it is possible that one or more of the previous cases of LGS may have also been due to mutation in KAT6B, and that LGS may actually be a variant within the KAT6B spectrum and not a distinct clinical entity.
Novel spatial–temporal image correlation derived indices of tissue vascular impedance: A variability study
Authors: Wu Linda , Ferreira Ana , Stevenson Gordon N , Sanderson Jennifer , Mahajan Aditi , Meriki Neama , Welsh Alec W
Published: July 2017

Objectives

4D (3D + time) indices of tissue impedance using power Doppler (PD) ultrasound (US) can be measured with spatial–temporal image correlation (STIC) imaging. We wished to evaluate their repeatability and their influence under changes to US machine settings and regional differences within the placenta.

Methods

A total of 46 healthy women were recruited at 20–34 weeks of gestation. A total of 9940 3D frames from 644 4D data sets were analysed providing both 3D and 4D indices of vascularity. 4D vs. 3D indices were compared with different machine settings, across the cardiac cycle and in the different placenta regions to assess regional variability.

Results

3D and 4D indices significantly decreased as wall motion filter (WMF) was increased (P < 0.001). Repeatability decreased as WMF increased (ICC; low1 = 0.80; high1 = 0.60). Indices were significantly lower at the maternal aspect (P = 0.002–0.009) of the placenta and showed less repeatability (ICC; 0.42–0.79) than the fetal aspect (ICC 0.49–0.88). 4D repeatability was good in the central region (ICC 0.80–0.81) but poor in the periphery (ICC 0.45–0.59), while 3D indices were good and comparable between regions (ICC; 0.80 central; 0.81 peripheral).

Conclusions

This study supports the future use of WMF ‘low1’ and PD to generate more reliable 4D indices values. For 3D indices, HD Flow may improve Doppler signal sensitivity. Regarding placental regional variability, the fetal plate and the central region demonstrated more repeatable 4D indices. 4D PD indices have potential to overcome the limitations of VOCAL™ indices and provide an internally standardised measure of localised impedance in vascular beds.
Neutrophil extracellular traps in ischemic stroke thrombi
Authors: Laridan Elodie , Denorme Frederik , Desender Linda , François Olivier , Andersson Tommy , Deckmyn Hans , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , De Meyer Simon F.
Published: July 2017

Objective

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been shown to promote thrombus formation. Little is known about the exact composition of thrombi that cause ischemic stroke. In particular, no information is yet available on the presence of NETs in cerebral occlusions. Such information is, however, essential to improve current thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA). This study aimed at investigating the presence of neutrophils and more specifically NETs in ischemic stroke thrombi.

Methods

Sixty‐eight thrombi retrieved from ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment were characterized by immunostaining using neutrophil markers (CD66b and neutrophil elastase) and NET markers (citrullinated histone H3 [H3Cit] and extracellular DNA). Neutrophils and NETs were quantified. In addition, extracellular DNA was targeted by performing ex vivo lysis of retrieved thrombi with DNase 1 and t‐PA.

Results

Neutrophils were detected extensively throughout all thrombi. H3Cit, a hallmark of NETs, was observed in almost all thrombi. H3Cit‐positive area varied up to 13.45% of total thrombus area. Colocalization of H3Cit with extracellular DNA released from neutrophils confirmed the specific presence of NETs. H3Cit was more abundant in thrombi of cardioembolic origin compared to other etiologies. Older thrombi contained significantly more neutrophils and H3Cit compared to fresh thrombi. Interestingly, ex vivo lysis of patient thrombi was more successful when adding DNase 1 to standard t‐PA.

Interpretation

Neutrophils and NETs form important constituents of cerebral thrombi. Targeting of NETs with DNase 1 might have prothrombolytic potential in treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol 2017;82:223–232
Improving collagen extraction through an alternative strategy based on succinic anhydride pretreatment to retain collagen's triple‐helix structure
Authors: Xu Zhou , Guan Xiaoyu , Liu Jie , Fan Haojun , Chen Yi
Published: July 2017

The improvement of the extraction yield of collagen while retaining its triple‐helix structure continues to represent a significant challenge for the high‐value utilization of collagen. In this study, pigskin was pretreated by succinic anhydride via the chemical linking of additional carboxylic groups to epsilon amino groups with a conversion degree of 90.2% to obtain pretreatment acid‐pepsin‐solubilized collagen (PAPC). The pretreatment by succinic anhydride increased the tropocollagen distance from 1.39 to 1.42 nm. This permitted acid and pepsin to more easily enter into the fiber clearance and, thus, improved the collagen extraction yield by 9.6%. Furthermore, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, ultrasensitive differential scanning calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy analysis demonstrated that the triple‐helix conformation of PAPC was well‐maintained. The equilibrium surface tension and isoelectric point of PAPC were 57.48 mN/m and 4.01, respectively; this suggested that the PAPC had surface activity and better solubility in a neutral pH solution. The novelty of PAPC lay in its facilitating fibroblast proliferation, and no extra cytotoxicity was introduced into the collagen after pretreatment. According to these results, our study revealed that succinic anhydride pretreatment as an alternative strategy retained the triple‐helix structure of collagen and improved its extraction ratio; this might be a feasible, yet promising paradigm for the high‐value utilization of collagen. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45424.
Flexible fluorescent films based on quantum dots (QDs) and natural rubber
Authors: Danna Caroline Silva , Osorio‐Román Igor , Dognani Guilherme , Leopoldo Constantino Carlos Jose , Agarwal Vivechana , Job Aldo Eloizo
Published: July 2017

This article presents the fabrication and characterization of polyisoprene fluorescent films doped with CdTe quantum dots (QDs). The biopolymer (polyisoprene) is extracted from natural rubber latex, generating flexible and transparent films in visible range (transmittance over 90%) ideal as a matrix to support QDs. The water solubility of the biopolymer facilitates its doping with water dispersed QDs at room temperature to obtain the fluorescent films. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that QDs have no significant effect on the thermal properties of the biopolymer. Photophysical characterization of the solution and solid state (films) of the QDs evidenced that the polymer matrix does not influence its emission properties, the maximum fluorescence peaks have only 2 nm of difference between the solution and solid state (films) samples. Therefore, polyisoprene from natural rubber can be considered as an excellent flexible matrix to fabricate fluorescent films with QDs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45459.
Global Practical Mittag Leffler Stabilization by Output Feedback for a Class Of Nonlinear Fractional‐Order Systems
Authors: Naifar Omar , Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif , Hammami Mohamed Ali , Chen Liping
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the problem of a global practical Mittag Leffler feedback stabilization for a class of nonlinear fractional order systems by means of observer is described. The linear matrix inequality approach is used to guarantee the practical stability of the proposed feedback fractional order system. An illustrative example is given to show the applicability of the results.
A Nitrile Glucoside and Biflavones from the Leaves of Campylospermum excavatum (Ochnaceae)
Authors: Njock Gaétan Bayiha Ba , Grougnet Raphaël , Efstathiou Antonia , Smirlis Despina , Genta‐Jouve Grégory , Michel Sylvie , Mbing Joséphine Ngo , Kritsanida Marina
Published: July 2017

The study of the MeOH extract of the leaves of Campylospermum excavatum led to the isolation of a nitrile glucoside, named campyloside C (1) and an original derivative of ochnaflavone, 7‐O‐methylochnaflavone (2), along with three known biflavonoids, amentoflavone, sequoiaflavone, and sotetsuflavone (3 – 5). The linkage site of the sub‐units of 2 was confirmed by chemical correlation, after semi‐synthesis of a trimethoxylated derivative of ochnaflavone (2a). The structures of these compounds as well as their relative and absolute configurations were assigned by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, HR‐ESI‐MS and Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) calculations. A low‐pass J filter HMBC experiment was performed in order to define the configuration of the double bond of 1. All of the biflavonoids were evaluated against protozoan parasites. Amentoflavone moderately inhibited the promastigote form of Leishmania infantum.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of ischemic heart disease
Authors: Thompson A. C. M. , Maredia N.
Published: July 2017

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) offers a broader assessment of cardiac structure and function than any other single imaging modality. In patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease (IHD), a comprehensive CMR protocol provides an assessment of left ventricular function, myocardial perfusion, edema, and viability in a single sitting. There are applications for this technology in both the acute and chronic IHD settings. CMR is also a valuable tool in the assessment of patients presenting with chest pain, raised troponin levels, and unobstructed coronaries.

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Long‐term monitoring of metalworking fluid emulsion aging using a spectroscopic sensor
Authors: Assenhaimer Cristhiane , Domingos André Salomão , Glasse Benjamin , Fritsching Udo , Guardani Roberto
Published: July 2017

Monitoring of emulsion properties is important in many applications, since aged and broken emulsions perform worse and may affect product quality. Emulsion quality monitoring is a key issue in metalworking fluids (MWF), which are widely used in machining processes, since conventional control methods are not accurate. The present study reports results of the application of a UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroscopic sensor, coupled with a neural network model, as a new method of monitoring MWF emulsion destabilization, which is related to changes in its droplet size distribution. The technique has shown good accuracy in rebuilding the droplet size distribution of emulsions from spectroscopic measurements, indicating its feasibility to monitor MWF emulsion stability under operating conditions in industrial installations.
Overview of Admixture Mapping
Authors: Shriner Daniel
Published: July 2017

Admixture mapping is a powerful method of gene mapping for diseases or traits that show differential risk by ancestry. Admixture mapping has been applied most often to Americans who trace ancestry to various combinations of Native Americans, Europeans, and West Africans. Recent developments in admixture mapping include improvements in methods and the reference data needed to make inferences about ancestry, as well as extensions of the mapping approach in the framework of linear mixed models. In this unit, the key concepts of admixture mapping are outlined. Several approaches for inferring local ancestry are described, and strategies for performing admixture mapping depending on the study design are provided. Finally, comparisons and contrasts between linkage analysis, association analysis, and admixture mapping are provided, with an emphasis on integrating admixture mapping and association testing. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Brownmillerite‐type Ca2FeCoO5 as a Practicable Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst
Authors: Tsuji Etsushi , Motohashi Teruki , Noda Hiroyuki , Kowalski Damian , Aoki Yoshitaka , Tanida Hajime , Niikura Junji , Koyama Yukinori , Mori Masahiro , Arai Hajime , Ioroi Tsutomu , Fujiwara Naoko , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Ogumi Zempachi , Habazaki Hiroki
Published: July 2017

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Prof. Dr. Hiroki Habazaki at Hokkaido University with their collaborators from Kanagawa University, Kyoto University, and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. The image shows the oxygen evolution reaction on brownmillerite‐type Ca2FeCoO5 categorized as an oxygen‐deficiency‐ordered perovskite in a basic solution. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201700499.
Multichromophore Donor Materials Derived from Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Phenoxazine: Design, Synthesis, and Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Narayanaswamy Kamatham , Yadagiri Bommaramoni , Bagui Anirban , Gupta Vinay , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: July 2017

Herein two conjugated donor molecules, TDPP‐POCN and FDPP‐POCN, with planar diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as the core building‐block acceptor unit and phenoxazine‐capped acrylonitriles as arms are designed and synthesized. Solution‐processed bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells based on blends of the small‐molecule donors and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) exhibit promising photovoltaic device performance with a maximum power conversion efficiency up to 4.8 % for TDPP‐POCN and 3.4 % for FDPP‐POCN under the illumination of AM1.5G, 100 mW cm–2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency reported so far in DPP–phenoxazine‐based systems and among acrylonitrile‐bridged donor‐π‐acceptor‐π‐donor‐structured small‐molecule donors for solution‐processed small‐molecule‐based organic solar cells.
Sense of Threat as a Mediator of Peritraumatic Stress Symptom Development During Wartime: An Experience Sampling Study
Authors: Lapid Pickman Liron , Greene Talya , Gelkopf Marc
Published: July 2017

Exposure and sense of threat have been associated with stress symptoms, yet these relationships have not been clarified during the peritraumatic period. We investigated the mediating role of sense of threat in the link between exposure to rocket warning sirens and stress symptoms during wartime, and the effect of severe mental illness (SMI) status and gender on this mediation. A 30‐day twice‐daily smartphone‐based intensive assessment of exposure to sirens, sense of threat, and peritraumatic stress symptoms was performed during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict. Participants included 182 highly exposed individuals with or without SMI. Multilevel structural equation modeling analysis was performed, with SMI status and gender as confounders. Exposure affected the level of peritraumatic stress symptoms both directly, b = 1.07, p < .001, 95% CI [0.32, 1.82], and indirectly, b = 0.78, p < .001, 95% CI [0.24, 1.33], through sense of threat. The effect of sense of threat on stress symptoms was larger in the SMI group, b = 0.86, p < .001, 95% CI [0.31, 1.40]. Gender did not have a significant effect. Sense of threat has a key role in symptom development during the peritraumatic timeframe. Intervention and prevention efforts should start early and focus on promoting a sense of safety, particularly with people with SMI.
Outcomes and healthcare utilization in children and young adults with aplastic anemia: A multiinstitutional analysis
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Fu Pingfu , Hashem Hasan , Vatsayan Anant , Shein Steven , Dalal Jignesh
Published: July 2017

Background

Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure syndrome with high mortality affecting children and young adults. Although current treatment guidelines recommend hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) for patients with matched sibling donors, outcomes with alternate donor options have been improving.

Procedure

We analyzed a validated multiinstitutional pediatric cohort using one of the largest pediatric and young adult database, the Pediatric Health Information System, for patients diagnosed with aplastic anemia (AA) from 2006 to 2015. Outcomes with upfront and salvage transplants were analyzed along with healthcare utilization.

Results

Among 2,169 patients in the study period, almost 20% underwent HCT, while others received immunosuppressive therapy. In a multivariate model, there was no significant difference in mortality with upfront or salvage transplants (odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–2.58, P = 0.567), while every platelet transfusion was associated with higher mortality (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12–1.67, P = 0.002). Healthcare utilization was significantly higher in salvage transplants requiring frequent hospitalization and transfusion requirements. Treatment mortality and graft failure rates were significantly reduced in the salvage transplant group in recent years (2011–2015 as compared to 2006–2010).

Conclusion

As outcomes with HCT continue to improve in severe AA, transplant with good alternate donors should be considered upfront in children and young adults.