bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burnout syndrome and its correlation with musculoskeletal disorders among physiotherapists in Saudi: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alghadier Mshari , Almahdi Mesfer Mohammed , Alotaibi Abdulaziz Ashaq , AlAmri Aiyshah Mahdi , Albuwait Abdullah
Published: March 2024

Background and Purpose

There is a significant impact of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) on individuals of all ages, professions, and fields from various countries worldwide, leading to a negative impact on quality of life and overall health outcomes. The study was conducted to investigate the association between Burnout syndrome (BS) and MSDs among physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was carried out. Physiotherapists of either gender and with no known co‐morbidities and who were not suffering from recent injuries and accidents were included in the study. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to determine the level of burnout. Musculoskeletal disorders were analyzed using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (NMQ). The chi‐square test was used to observe the association between two categorical variables and a p‐value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

A total of 133 participants were recruited and it was observed that 70 (53%) participants had low burnout levels (BoL). It was revealed that 65 (49%) had trouble in the neck and visited a physician clinic, 47 (35%) had trouble in the lower back during the last 12 months, 60 (45%) had trouble in the upper back during the last 12 months that prevented the normal activity and 13 (9.8%) participants had trouble in the shoulders during the last 7 days. History of chronic disease, education, practice setting, and smoking status with Burnout level was statistically significant. Trouble in the upper back, elbow, wrist/hands, hips/thighs, ankle/feet, and neck were also found to be significant.

Conclusion

The outcomes revealed that a few demographic factors such as education, practice setting, smoking status, and chronic disease history were significantly associated with BS. Furthermore, it was observed that MSD had a significant impact on BoL.
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Health Care Satisfaction Questionnaire in patients with spinal pain
Authors: Fanuscu Aybüke , Asliyüce Yasemin Özel , Onan Dilara , Öz Müzeyyen , Berberoğlu Utku , Ülger Özlem
Published: March 2024

Background

The concept of satisfaction is an important concept because of the information it provides about both the quality of health services and the patients' utilization of the health services they receive. The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Health Care Satisfaction Questionnaire (HCSQ).

Methods

The study sample consisted of 148 patients who received exercise therapy for spinal pain. Psychometric evaluations were analyzed using the Turkish version of the HCSQ (confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, test‐retest reliability). Convergent validity was determined by examining the relationship between the scale and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Patient Satisfaction Scale for Physiotherapy Outpatient Clinics (PSSPOC) , and the Patient Satisfaction Scale in Physiotherapy (PSSP).

Results

The HCSQ showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's a = 0.96) and excellent test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.944). The HCSQ showed high correlation with NRS, PSSPOC , and PSSP.

Conclusion

The HCSQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing satisfaction with health care services in the Turkish population with spinal pain.
Enhancing tomato disease resistance through endogenous antifungal proteins and introduced nematode‐targeting dsRNA of biocontrol agent Bacillus velezensisHS‐3
Authors: Han Juan , Zhu Jinchi , Liu Shuyuan , Sun Xuehan , Wang Shunchang , Miao Guopeng
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

As a type of biological control agent (BCA), Bacillus velezensis possesses the efficacy of inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms, promoting plant growth, and overcoming continuous cropping obstacles (CCOs). However, there is limited reporting on the optimization of the cultivation conditions for such biocontrol agents and their role as double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery vectors.

RESULTS

In this study, a Bacillus velezensis strain HS‐3 was isolated from the root zone of tomato plants with in vitro anti‐Botrytis cinerea activity. The investigation into active compounds revealed that HS‐3 predominantly employs proteins with molecular weights greater than 3 kDa for its antifungal activity. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis identified various proteases and chitosanase, further suggesting that HS‐3 most likely employs these enzymes to degrade fungal cell walls for its antifungal effect. To optimize the production of extracellular proteins, fermentation parameters for HS‐3 were systematically optimized, leading to an optimized medium (OP‐M). HS‐3 cultured in OP‐M demonstrated enhanced capacity to assist tomato plants in withstanding CCOs. However, the presence of excessive nematodes in diseased soil resulted in the disease severity index (DSI) remaining high. An RNA interference mechanism was further introduced to HS‐3, targeting the nematode tyrosine phosphatase (TP) gene. Ultimately, HS‐3 expressing dsRNA of TP in OP‐M effectively assisted tomatoes in mitigating CCOs, reducing DSI to 2.2% and 17.8% of the control after 45 and 90 days of growth, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The advantages of Bacillus velezensis in crop disease management and the mitigation of CCOs become even more pronounced when utilizing both optimized levels of endogenous enzymes and introduced nematode‐targeting dsRNA. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimal sequential fusion estimation for sampled‐data systems with random delays and multiplicative noise
Authors: Wang Wei , Han Chunyan , Ma Lifeng , Yi Xiaojian
Published: March 2024

This article is concerned with the optimal sequential fusion filter design issue for a class of sampled‐data systems subject to random transmission delays and multiplicative noise. The considered delay is modeled as a multistate Markov chain, while the multiplicative noise corrupting the observation measurements is assumed be a white noise sequence with known statistical properties. First, by reorganizing the original measurements, the solvability of the addressed problem is cast into the feasibility of an optimal estimation issue for the hybrid Markovian jump system without delays. Then, an optimal sequential fusion filter is constructed by utilizing a dynamic model with finite jumps on basis of the arrival order of measurements from different sensors, guaranteeing estimation performances both at sampling instants and within the sampling intervals. Moreover, the desired estimator gains can be computed via solving a series of coupled differential Riccati equations with jumps and coupled differential Lyapunov equations. Further, a stationary sequential fusion filter is achieved with the guarantee of the exponentially mean‐square stability. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the validity of the proposed algorithms.
Prediction, mapping, and implication for better soil organic carbon management in Ethiopia
Authors: Tiruneh Gizachew Ayalew , Hanjagi Ashok , Mumtaz Muhammad , Reichert José Miguel
Published: March 2024

A precise soil organic carbon (SOC) content estimate is crucial soil quality parameter for agricultural produce and ecological safety. Moreover, geospatial modeling of SOC is critical when there are limited laboratory equipment and chemical reagents for soil analysis. This study used geostatistics—ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse distance weighting (IDW)—to map SOC in Libokemkem area, Northwest Ethiopia, for improved SOC management. About 107 soil samples were obtained from the plow layer at a 20‐cm depth and SOC was determined. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24.0 was used to generate descriptive statistics, and geostatistical analysis was also performed on the data using ArcGIS platform. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) derived from the validation of the predicted maps were used to assess the models. The results revealed homogeneity (coefficient of variation < 10%), low (0.12%–1.74%), and optimal (1.74%–4.06%) mean levels of SOC in study area. The OK showed an R2 of 0.74 and an RMSE of 13%, and the IDW revealed an R2 of 0.69 and an RMSE of 14%. The semivariogram results indicate a moderate dependence for SOC with stable, circular, spherical, exponential, and Gaussian models. We conclude that the sustainable monitoring of SOC is significant in enhancing soil quality. However, further study considering all drivers of spatial variability for SOC in the study and other soil sampling approaches improving performance of the prediction models is needed.
A review and analysis of particle size parameters and their relationships to physical properties of growing media
Authors: Durand Stan , Fonteno William Carl , Michel Jean‐Charles
Published: March 2024

An expanded description of particle morphology and the analysis of its relationships with physical properties may help to optimize the selection of raw materials and particle size fractions used as growing media constituents. Previous works have described the outlines of these relations based mostly on sieving procedures to characterize particle size distribution. They have shown limited and sometimes contradictory results due to the different methods used, size fractions selected, and physical properties measured. Also, sieve analysis, which separates particles based on their width, is less accurate for non‐spherical particles, which is the case for most growing media constituents. Recent works have promoted the use of dynamic image analysis (DIA) to precisely analyze both particle length and width. Five raw materials were chosen (white and black peats, coir, pine bark, and wood fiber) and sieved to obtain various particle size fractions. For each particle size fraction and the raw materials, the mean weight diameter (MWD), derived from sieving, was calculated, whereas mean particle length and width were determined using a DIA tool, the QicPic device. Also, physical properties were assessed from water retention curves established using Hyprop systems. The statement that the larger the particle size, the higher the air‐filled porosity (AFP), the lower the water holding capacity (WHC) was more precisely redefined. Large variations in WHC and AFP mainly occurred for finest particle size fractions, whereas changes were conversely very small or non‐existent for larger particle sizes. From data obtained for each particle size fractions, regression models were established to relate mean particle length and width (both determined using DIA) and MWD (determined from sieving) with WHC and AFP. Mean particle length was identified as the most relevant parameter for predicting WHC and AFP of the raw materials tested.
Efficient CO Oxidation using Co3O4−CeO2 Nanoparticles Supported on Resin–Based Spherical Activated Carbon with Controllable Oxygen Species
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Liu Yiqi , Wang Jitong , Ling Licheng , Qiao Wenming
Published: March 2024

The oxygen vacancies and surface oxygen species play pivotal roles in CO catalytic oxidation. In this study, Co3O4−CeO2 supported on resin based spherical activated carbon was fabricated and the effect of CeO2 on surface oxygen species was demonstrated through controlling various Ce contents. When Ce content was optimal (nCo : nCe=9), the maximum surface adsorbed oxygen content (60.3 %) is displayed and the catalyst achieved good CO conversion (T100=110 °C), water resistance and robust stability. DFT simulation calculation confirmed that the energy barriers of two transition states significantly decreased to 0.60 eV and 0.37 eV, respectively, with the addition of CeO2. The results indicate that the presence of CeO2 is conducive to the increasement of surface adsorbed oxygen content and optimal Co/Ce ratio is the most favorable for the CO oxidation. It is attributed to the visible decline of the energy barrier between oxygen vacancies and gas–phase oxygen at the Co3O4−CeO2 interface, and the process of oxygen vacancies replenishment could be more prone to occur at the interface. This study may provide a protocol for further improving surface species on supporting catalysts.
In Situ Defect Engineering in Carbon by Atomic Self‐Activation to Boost the Accessible Low‐Voltage Insertion for Advanced Potassium‐Ion Full‐Cells
Authors: Xiong Jianzhen , Yang Zecheng , Zhou Rui , Xiao Anyong , Kong Xiangkai , Jiang Jiangmin , Dong Liang , Zhuang Quanchao , Ju Zhicheng , Chen Yaxin
Published: March 2024

Enhancing the low‐potential capacity of anode materials is significant in boosting the operating voltage of full‐cells and constructing high energy‐density energy storage devices. Graphitic carbons exhibit outstanding low‐potential potassium storage performance, but show a low K+ diffusion kinetics. Herein, in situ defect engineering in graphitic nanocarbon is achieved by an atomic self‐activation strategy to boost the accessible low‐voltage insertion. Graphitic carbon layers grow on nanoscale‐nickel to form the graphitic nanosphere with short‐range ordered microcrystalline due to nickel graphitization catalyst. Meanwhile, the widely distributed K+ in the precursor induces the activation of surrounding carbon atoms to in situ generate carbon vacancies as channels. The graphite microcrystals with defect channels realize reversible K+ intercalation at low‐potential and accessible ion diffusion kinetics, contributing to high reversible capacity (209 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 under 0.8 V) and rate capacity (103.2 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1). The full‐cell with Prussian blue cathode and graphitic nanocarbon anode maintains an obvious working platform at ca. 3.0 V. This work provides a strategy for the in situ design of carbon anode materials and gives insights into the potassium storage mechanism at low‐potential for high‐performance full‐cells.
Synthesis, studies on properties of Eu3+/Dy3+ co–doped BaMoO4 nanophosphors via hydrothermal method
Authors: Manh Nhuong Chu , Xuan Truong Mai , Hien Lan Nguyen T. , Tra Huong Do , Tu Anh Duong T. , Quoc Toan Tran
Published: March 2024

The article shows the outstanding properties and luminescence ability of Eu3+/Dy3+ co–doped BaMoO4 (BMED) materials, which have been successfully fabricated by the hydrothermal method. The crystalline structure analysis of BMED nanophosphor by X–ray diffraction (XRD) shows that it has a structure single–phase structure, with tetragonal BaMoO4 (JCPDS 029–0193), consist of spherical nanoparticles with a size diameter of 31.79–52.99 nm. The characteristic vibrational modes of molybdate lattice in the Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful Eu3+/Dy3+ co–doped into the host matrix. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE–SEM) image shows that the BMED consists of quite uniform nanoparticle with sizes less than 50 nm. The energy dispersive spectra (EDS) confirm the purity and uniform distribution of elements Eu, Dy, Mo, O, Ba throughout in the solid sample. The BMED nanophosphor has is small bandgap from 2.83 to 3.00 eV. The photoluminescence spectra show that BMED have strong red emission at 616 nm of the transition (5D0 → 7F2) with luminescence lifetime from 0.330 to 1.429 ms. The BMED nanophosphor have potential application for the production of warm wLEDs, agricultural lighting and biomedical marking.
Ovarian dermoid cyst in a buffalo
Authors: Kumar Brijesh , Kumar Abhishek , Maurya Surya Kumar , Yadav Vandana , Singh Rohit
Published: March 2024

Ovarian dermoid cyst is characterised by the presence of hair follicles, sebaceous glands grossly observed as clusters of matted hair in greyish cheesy material in the vicinity of ovaries. Upon examination of 235 buffalo genitalia, five were found to have abnormal ovarian texture and were relatively large in size. Further investigation revealed presence of dermoid cyst in these ovaries. Histopathological analysis showed degenerated primary, secondary and tertiary/Graafian follicles in the ovarian parenchyma, with patches of neuro‐ectodermal rosette‐like structures composed of glial cells. Other extra‐gonadal tissues often less organised were also observed like cartilage, fibrous connective tissue and glandular structures. In two of the specimens, corpus luteum with degenerated luteal cells was also present in the parenchyma of the ovary. These detailed investigations pointed to the infertility problems in buffaloes associated with this condition and often dictated in slaughterhouse‐derived ovaries. It has clinical significance as these structures are often confused with cystic ovarian disease upon rectal palpation, and treatment is unsuccessful in reducing the size of the ovary at the field level.
Efficacy of nonmedicated middle meatal packing after endoscopic sinus surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Iftikhar Haissan , Abbasi Ammaar M. A. , Mustafa Khawaja , Das Jai K. , Javer Amin R.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

This review aims to evaluate the utility of nonmedicated middle meatal packing compared to no packing on synechia formation up to 12 weeks after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods

We conducted a systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. A literature search was performed on Medline (PubMed), EBSCO CINAHL plus, CENTRAL, and Clinicaltrials.org and included randomized controlled trials in the English language only. We extracted all relevant data and conducted quality assessment using the Cochrane risk of Bias tool (version 2). We also performed the quality assessment of the outcomes using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Results

Our search identified 390 articles of which four met our eligibility criteria. A total of 139 patients were randomized to receive middle meatal pack in either of the nostrils. At 4 weeks of follow‐up, there was no difference in the risk of synechia formation on either the packed side or the unpacked side, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48–1.25). Similarly, no difference was seen at either 8–12 weeks of follow‐up, with an RR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.42–1.20). Nasal congestion was reported to be less on the packed side on the follow‐up in one of the trials.

Conclusions

Our systematic review, with limited evidence, indicates no difference in synechia formation between the nonmedicated packed and unpacked middle meatus at four and eight or 12 weeks after ESS for CRS. Further studies are required to ascertain the true effect of packing the middle meatus with different materials and its long‐term sequelae.
Short‐term urinary catheter usage in endoscopic skull base surgery and impact on urinary tract infection and reconstructive outcomes
Authors: Pang Jonathan C. , Michelle Lauren , Roman Kelsey M. , Abiri Arash , Nguyen Theodore V. , Bitner Benjamin F. , Hsu Frank P. K. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Hospital‐acquired catheter‐associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) have been regarded as preventable adverse events, yet their risk in endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) has not been well described despite common use. We determine the incidence of UTI following ESBS and identify contributing clinical factors.

Methods

Retrospective review was conducted for a cohort of 229 consecutive adult patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery for treatment of any skull base pathology between July 2018 and June 2022 at a tertiary academic skull base surgery program. Postoperative UTI comprised the primary outcome. Independent variables included patient demographics, use and length of urinary catheterization, and pre‐existing genitourinary conditions.

Results

Nosocomial UTIs were identified in 1.3% (3/229) of patients, occurring on postoperative days 2, 9, and 14, respectively; all were catheter‐associated. Overall, 86.0% (197/229) of patients received urinary catheters (mean duration 2.2 ± 1.8 days). Compared to those without, patients with UTI were older (70.0 ± 15.4 vs. 52.2 ± 16.8 years, p = 0.034), had lengthier stays (94.7 ± 126.8 vs. 5.9 ± 8.4 days, p < 0.001), and had prolonged catheterizations (9.3 ± 5.5 vs. 2.1 ± 1.5 days, p < 0.001). Preoperative genitourinary conditions were also associated with UTI development, namely, chronic urinary retention/obstruction (66.7% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.006), urinary incontinence (66.7% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.013), prostate disease (100.0% vs. 17.8%, p = 0.035), and renal dysfunction (100.0% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.001). Among intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak patients, postoperative CSF leak incidence was not associated with catheter use versus nonuse (3.3% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.276).

Conclusion

Although UTIs are uncommon in ESBS patients, advanced age, length of stay, duration of indwelling urinary catheterization, and comorbid genitourinary conditions may elevate risk.
Epidemiologic analysis and mortality outcome of firearm injuries in French Guiana (2016–2019)
Authors: Fremery Alexis , Beguinot Elliott , Franchi Angélique , Douchet Mathilde , Tertre Victor , Hamiche Karim , Adenis Antoine , Pujo Jean Marc , Kallel Hatem
Published: March 2024

Background

French Guiana (FG) is a French territory located in South America with the highest rate of armed assaults. FG presents a poorly developed road system and a young and precarious population that makes the geographical and socio-demographic characteristics specific. No data concerning the firearm injury management are available in this country. Studying thesis trauma could permit to improve the management of victims. The objective of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of firearm injuries in FG, to define characteristics of the victims, and to assess factors associated with death. These identified factors could enable target primary prevention and intensification of medical management.

Methods

From January 2016 to December 2019, we conducted a retrospective study at the Cayenne General Hospital (CGH), including all patients admitted for firearm injuries in the emergency department, the medical emergency and resuscitation service, and the forensic service. A bivariate analysis was performed to assess relevant clinical data that were entered into a logistic regression model to assess factors associated with death.

Results

A total of 871 files were analyzed concerning 340 patients included after cross-checking. Victims were mainly males (90%) and young (30 ± 11 years old). The injury occurred mainly at night (60%), in a context of assaults (83%) and with long-barreled guns (82%). Among the 290 patients managed at the CGH, 60% were hospitalized including 12% that were in the intensive care unit, 41% that required surgical treatment, and 7% that died in hospital. The overall average length of stay was 10 ± 18 days. Overall mortality (n = 71, 21%) is statistically associated with male gender (p = 0.007) and suicide context (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the sites of wounds (head and neck, thorax; p < 0.001) as well as induced organ injuries (neurological, respiratory, and vascular; p < 0.005) were independent factors associated to mortality.

Conclusions

This work underlines the high incidence of ballistic trauma in FG. This mainly involves a young and male population linked to the use of long arms and assaults. Despite the geographical difficulties of the territory and the technical platform deficits (no neurosurgery, no cardiothoracic surgery, no interventional radiology), the mortality is comparable to other studies, but remains more than twice as high as in mainland France. Finally, despite a change in legislation restricting access to firearms, our results show that gunshot firearm injuries remain a major public health concern requiring greater political actions.
Urogenitale Tumoren nach Nierentransplantation – monozentrische Aufarbeitung der Inzidenzen und Überblick urologischer Vorsorgemaßnahmen
Authors: Putz J. , Kestel V. , Herout R. , Borkowetz A. , Leike S. , Thomas C. , Baunacke M.
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund

Urogenitale Tumoren zählen zur den häufigsten soliden Malignomen nach Nierentransplantation (NTX).

Fragestellung

Es erfolgte die Erfassung von Inzidenz und Mortalität urogenitaler Tumoren nach NTX im eigenen Patientengut und die Übertragung der Erkenntnisse in Bezug auf empfohlene Nachsorgenotwendigkeit und -frequenz.

Material und Methode

Durchführung einer retrospektiven monozentrischen Erfassung von Tumorerkrankungen allgemein und Urogenitaltumoren spezifisch von Patienten, die zwischen 2010 bis 2020 eine Nierentransplantation am Transplantationszentrum Dresden erhalten haben. Daraus wurden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis als Nachsorgekonzept abgeleitet.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt 13 % (93/710) der nierentransplantierten Patienten entwickelten eine Neoplasie. Patienten mit einem höheren Alter (60,1 ± 10,6 vs. 53,8 ± 12,5 Jahre; p < 0,001), einem erhöhten Charlson-Score (≥ 4: 68 % vs. 46 %; p < 0,001) und einer früheren Tumoranamnese (18 % vs. 8 %; p < 0,001) wiesen häufiger eine Tumordiagnose nach Transplantation auf. In der multivariaten Analyse zeigte sich dabei die frühere Tumoranamnese als unabhängiger Prädiktor für eine Tumorentwicklung nach Transplantation (OR 2,2; 95 %-KI [1,2–4,1]; p = 0,01). Von allen Tumorerkrankungen entfielen 30 % (28/93) auf urogenitale Tumoren. Am häufigsten dabei war die Entwicklung eines Nierenzellkarzinoms der Nativnieren (n = 12), am zweithäufigsten Prostatakarzinome (n = 9).

Schlussfolgerung

Urogenitale Tumoren bilden einen Großteil solider Malignome nach NTX. Aufgrund der Häufigkeit besteht die dringende Notwendigkeit einer dauerhaften Nachsorge sowie der spezialisierten urologischen Therapie. Bereits vor Listung zur Transplantation können Risikofaktoren erkannt und individuelle Konzepte zur Nachbetreuung erstellt werden.

Graphic abstract
Embedding Arbitrary Boolean Circuits into Fungal Automata
Authors: Modanese Augusto , Worsch Thomas
Published: March 2024

Fungal automata are a variation of the two-dimensional sandpile automaton of Bak et al. (Phys Rev Lett 59(4):381–384, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.381). In each step toppling cells emit grains only to some of their neighbors chosen according to a specific update sequence. We show how to embed any Boolean circuit into the initial configuration of a fungal automaton with update sequence HV. In particular we give a constructor that, given the description B of a circuit, computes the states of all cells in the finite support of the embedding configuration in $$O(\log \left| {B}\right| )$$

O
(
log

B

)

space. As a consequence the prediction problem for fungal automata with update sequence HV is $$\textsf {P}$$
P
-complete. This solves an open problem of Goles et al. (Phys Lett A 384(22):126541, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2020.126541).
Analysing postprandial amino acid responses in crossover studies with the aaresponse package for R
Authors: Wehrens Ron , Engel Jasper , Mes Jurriaan , de Jong Aard , Esser Diederik
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, a healthier and more sustainable lifestyle is the subject of much research. One example is the use of crossover trials to investigate the uptake of proteins, usually from alternatives to animal-based sources, by healthy volunteers. The data analysis is complex and requires many decisions on the part of the scientists involved. Such a process can be streamlined and made more objective and reproducible through bespoke software. This paper describes such a software package, $$\textbf{aaresponse}$$
aaresponse
, for the $$\textsf{R}$$
R
environment, available as open source. It features ample visualization functions, supports consistent curation strategies, and compares amino acid uptake of different protein meals (interventions) through the use of mixed models analysing parameters of interest like the area under the curve (AUC). The defining feature is the use of parametric curves to fit the amino acid levels over time, increasing the robustness of the approach and allowing for more strict quality control strategies.
Long-term effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and turnover markers in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Kato Kazuhiko , Yaginuma Tatsuhiro , Kobayashi Arisa , Nakashima Akio , Ohkido Ichiro , Yokoo Takashi
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Denosumab, a fully human anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody, is a widely used osteoporosis treatment that is increasingly being used in patients undergoing dialysis; however, its long-term efficacy and safety in these patients remain unknown.

Materials and methods

This observational study comprised individuals aged ≥ 20 years undergoing hemodialysis and receiving denosumab. After denosumab administration, we analyzed the long-term changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) and calcium.

Results

The study included 45 patients who have been receiving denosumab for a median duration of 3.8 (interquartile range, 2.5–6.7) years. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) levels decreased from a median of 595 (434–778) mU/dL at baseline to 200 (141–430) mU/dL after 6 months of denosumab administration (P < 0.001) and remained low thereafter. Similarly, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) levels decreased from a median of 18.2 (15.9–25.8) μg/L at baseline to 12.4 (9.9–15.6) μg/L after 6 months (P < 0.001) and remained low thereafter. Meanwhile, BMD, as assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and measured at the distal 1/3 of the radius, did not decrease (0.465 ± 0.112 g/cm2 at baseline vs. 0.464 ± 0.112 g/cm2 after administration; P = 0.616). Regarding hypocalcemia, corrected calcium levels reached were the lowest at 7 days after administration and normalized within 30 days.

Conclusion

The study showed long-term suppression of TRACP-5b and BAP levels and sustaining BMD after denosumab administration over an extended period in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Assessing the cadmium content of cacao crops in Arauca, Colombia
Authors: Bravo Daniel , Quiroga-Mateus Ruth , López-Casallas Marcela , Torres Shirley , Contreras Ramiro , Otero Andres Camilo Mendez , Araujo-Carrillo Gustavo A. , González-Orozco Carlos E.
Published: March 2024

The district of Arauca is the second-largest producer of cacao in Colombia. However, despite its quality, it faces issues for export due to levels of cadmium (Cd) higher than the regulatory thresholds. A central question is how it may impact agricultural performance in the presence of Cd in cacao and chocolates. This study quantified Cd in cacao plantations from Arauca. Thus, 180 farms were assessed in the municipalities of Arauquita, Fortul, Saravena, and Tame. Five sample types (soil, irrigation channel sediment, soil litter, cacao seeds, and chocolates) were assessed for Cd. As a technological innovation, the new MXRF technology was used for Cd in chocolates. The sequence of Cd content was soil litter > chocolate > soils > cacao seeds > irrigation-channel sediment. A gradient north–south of Cd content in soil was observed, where highest content was found in farms near the Arauca River, and lower farther away. In irrigation channel sediment, Cd levels averaged 0.07 mg kg−1. The Cd content in cacao seeds was 0.78 mg kg−1 on average. Cd content in chocolates was above the threshold (1.10 mg kg−1 on average, including several cacao mass percentages). These artisanal chocolate bars produced by single farms were near the limit of Cd set by the European Union (up to 0.8 mg kg−1). Therefore, mixing beans from different farms could reduce their Cd content. The present study underscores the complexity of Cd distribution, emphasizing the importance of integrating soil, crop, and landscape features in managing and mitigating Cd levels in cacao.
Conformational investigations on three large dinuclear triple helicates by single crystal X-ray diffraction
Authors: Howard-Smith Kyle J. , Wallis Matthew J. , Flood James P. , Min Hyunsung , Tadros Joseph C. , Tian Ruoming , Bhadbhade Mohan M. , Marjo Christopher E. , Li Feng
Published: March 2024

Three new dinuclear triple helicates were synthesised using a ditopic semi-rigid pyridylylimine ligand L, separated by a diphenoxy-biphenol spacer providing considerable length to the backbone. L and the new large dinuclear triple helicate complexes [Fe2L3](BF4)4 (1), [Ni2L3](BF4)4 (2) and [Zn2L3](BF4)4 (3) have been characterised in solution and solid state. Single crystal X-ray diffraction was used to investigate overall complex ion shape as the coordination sphere was modulated by metal ion selection. Small differences in complex shape were seen to arise due to subtle distortions in coordination sphere environments. This study sheds light on how the length and twist of dinuclear triple helicates can be tuned by selection of coordinating metal ion.
Decorating phenylalanine side-chains with triple labeled 13C/19F/2H isotope patterns
Authors: Toscano Giorgia , Holzinger Julian , Nagl Benjamin , Kontaxis Georg , Kählig Hanspeter , Konrat Robert , Lichtenecker Roman J.
Published: March 2024

We present an economic and straightforward method to introduce 13C-19F spin systems into the deuterated aromatic side chains of phenylalanine as reporters for various protein NMR applications. The method is based on the synthesis of [4-13C, 2,3,5,6-2H4] 4-fluorophenylalanine from the commercially available isotope sources [2-13C] acetone and deuterium oxide. This compound is readily metabolized by standard Escherichia coli overexpression in a glyphosate-containing minimal medium, which results in high incorporation rates in the corresponding target proteins.
Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic modeling of the pyrolysis of different biomass types by means of model-fitting, model-free and network modeling approaches
Authors: Fischer Olivier , Lemaire Romain , Bensakhria Ammar
Published: March 2024

This work aims at comparing the ability of 7 modeling approaches to simulate the pyrolysis kinetics of spruce wood, wheat straw, swine manure, miscanthus and switchgrass. Measurements were taken using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) with 4 heating rates comprised between 5 and 30 K min−1. The obtained results were processed using 3 isoconversional methods (Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) and Friedman), 1-step and 3-step Kissinger models, as well as an advanced fitting method recently proposed by Bondarchuk et al. [1] (Molecules 28:424, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010424). Seventeen reaction models were considered to derive rate constant parameters, which were used to simulate the variation of the fuel conversion degree $$\alpha$$
α
as a function of the temperature $$T$$
T
. To complement this benchmarking analysis of the modeling approaches commonly used to simulate biomass pyrolysis, a network model, the bio-CPD (chemical percolation devolatilization), was additionally considered. The suitability of each model was assessed by computing the root-mean-square deviation between simulated and measured $$\alpha =f(T)$$

α
=
f
(
T
)

profiles. As highlights, the model-free methods were found to accurately reproduce experimental results. The agreement between simulated and measured data was found to be higher with the Friedman model, followed by the KAS, FWO, 3-step, and 1-step Kissinger models. As for the bio-CPD, it failed to predict measured data as well as the above-listed models. To conclude, although it was less efficient than the Friedman, KAS or OFW models, the fitting approach from Bondarchuk et al. [1] (Molecules 28:424, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010424) still led to satisfactory results, while having the advantage of not requiring the selection of a reaction model a priori.
Unpacking the Gap: Socioeconomic Background and the Stratification of College Applications in the United States
Authors: Jeffrey Wesley , Gibbs Benjamin G.
Published: March 2024

While a substantial body of work has shown that higher-SES students tend to apply to more selective colleges than their lower-SES counterparts, we know relatively less aboutwhystudents differ in their application behavior. In this study, we draw upon a sociological approach to educational stratification to unpack the SES-based gap in college application selectivity. Using data from theHigh School Longitudinal Study of 2009, we examine the contribution of theoretical factors to the class-based gap in the selectivity of college applications. Namely, from the rational action model we estimate the contribution ofperformance differentialsandchoice differentials, while from the status attainment model we look at thelevelandtypeofeducational expectationsas well as thenumber of applicationssubmitted. Through a series of Heckman selection models, as well as a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis, we can explain 85% of the gap in college application selectivity between students in the top and bottom SES quintiles. In turn, we estimate that 60% of this explained portion is due to rational action mechanisms such as grades and test scores while 35% is due to status attainment mechanisms. Finally, we reveal that SES moderates the relationship between type of expectations and application selectivity. We find that the payoff to higher expectations (in terms of selective applications) disproportionately accrues to higher-SES students.
Investigation of resistance against to flumethrin using against Varroa destructor in Türkiye
Authors: Yarsan Ender , Yilmaz Fatih , Sevin Sedat , Akdeniz Gökhan , Celebi Bekir , Ozturk Seyit Hasan , Ayikol Sultan Nurhan , Karatas Umit , Ese Hasan , Fidan Nuri , Agacdiken Bayram , Babur Cahit , Buldag Mucahit , Pehlivan Sinem
Published: March 2024

The honeybee ectoparasite Varroa destructor is a major threat to apiculture when evaluating bee diseases and pests. While attempting to control this mite, beekeepers often depend on a small selection of authorized synthetic acaricides, such as flumethrin, which is widely used in Türkiye and globally. However, resistance to flumethrin develops due to incorrect and excessive use. In this study conducted at Ordu Beekeeping Research Institute, trial group were established including an untreated control group and group where flumethrin-based pesticides were applied. Dead varroas collected from pollen traps and live varroas collected from bees were obtained from these trial groups for molecular analysis as positive-negative controls. Varroa samples were collected from provinces representing different regions with intensive beekeeping activities such as Adana, Ankara, Bingöl, Muğla, Ordu, Şanlıurfa, Tekirdağ. Molecular methods were employed to investigate the resistance gene region for pyrethroids (specifically flumethrin) against V. destructor. In our study, individual DNA extractions were performed on dead parasites from colonies subjected to pyrethroid application (resistance negative control) and live parasites (resistance positive control). The DNA samples obtained were used in PCR reactions targeting the region encoding the 925th amino acid of the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene, which is responsible for resistance formation. The DNA samples were subjected to gel electrophoresis to observe the amplification products of the expected target region. To examine the nucleotide sequence changes that encode leucine at the 925th amino acid, which is associated with resistance, DNA sequence analysis was applied to the amplification products. Out of 332 V. destructor parasites obtained from different provinces, 279 were analysed using molecular methods. It was observed that 31% of the samples showed sensitivity to flumethrin while 69% exhibited resistance to it. Among the resistant samples: 27% had homozygous isoleucine mutation; 28% had homozygous valine mutation; 2.8% had heterozygous isoleucine mutation; 8.5% had heterozygous valine mutation; and 2.8% had heterozygous methionine mutation, all of which were associated with flumethrin resistance. As a result, the rate of flumethrin resistance in parasites varied between 51% and 94% among different provinces.
The risk-based breast screening (RIBBS) study protocol: a personalized screening model for young women
Authors: Gennaro Gisella , Bucchi Lauro , Ravaioli Alessandra , Zorzi Manuel , Falcini Fabio , Russo Francesca , Caumo Francesca
Published: March 2024

The optimal mammography screening strategy for women aged 45–49 years is a matter of debate. We present the RIBBS study protocol, a quasi-experimental, prospective, population-based study comparing a risk- and breast density-stratified screening model (interventional cohort) with annual digital mammography (DM) screening (observational control cohort) in a real-world setting. The interventional cohort consists of 10,269 women aged 45 years enrolled between 2020 and 2021 from two provinces of the Veneto Region (northen Italy). At baseline, participants underwent two-view digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and completed the Tyrer-Cuzick risk prediction model. Volumetric breast density (VBD) was calculated from DBT and the lifetime risk (LTR) was estimated by including VBD among the risk factors. Based on VBD and LTR, women were classified into five subgroups with specific screening protocols for subsequent screening rounds: (1) LTR ≤ 17% and nondense breast: biennial DBT; (2) LTR ≤ 17% and dense breast: biennial DBT and ultrasound; (3) LTR 17–30% or LTR > 30% without family history of BC, and nondense breast: annual DBT; (4) LTR 17–30% or > 30% without family history of BC, and dense breast: annual DBT and ultrasound; and (5) LTR > 30% and family history of BC: annual DBT and breast MRI. The interventional cohort is still ongoing. An observational, nonequivalent control cohort of 43,000 women aged 45 years participating in an annual DM screening programme was recruited in three provinces of the neighbouring Emilia-Romagna Region. Cumulative incidence rates of advanced BC at three, five, and ten years between the two cohorts will be compared, adjusting for the incidence difference at baseline.

Trial registration This study is registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05675085).
MR sialographic assessment of the masseter muscle and the ductal kinking in patients with recurrent parotitis
Authors: Capaccio Pasquale , Lazzeroni Matteo , Lo Russo Francesco , Torretta Sara , Di Pasquale Daniele , Conte Giorgio , Firetto Maria Cristina , Nicolino Gabriele , Gaffuri Michele , Carrafiello Gianpaolo
Published: March 2024

Dysfunction of the masseter muscle may cause pathological kinking of the parotid duct leading to parotitis; MR sialography is a non-invasive radiological examination that allows to evaluate dynamically the ductal system of the parotid glands. In the present study we aimed to assess the relationships between Stensen’s duct and masseter muscle and their implications in the aetiopathogenesis of recurrent parotitis secondary to masseter muscle dysfunction. Forty-one patients with recurrent unilateral parotitis and nine with bilateral recurrent parotitis, all with a clinical suspicious of masseter muscle hypertrophy due to bruxism were enrolled. They underwent ultrasonography as a first line examination and then MR sialography and sialendoscopy. Different anatomical features were studied. Involved parotid glands had a wider duct compared to contralateral unaffected parotid glands of patients with recurrent parotitis (p = 0.00134); male subjects with parotitis had a longer duct compared to the salivary glands of healthy patients (p = 0.00943 for affected glands and p = 0.00629 for the contralateral). A concordance between the evidence of an acute duct angle during sialendoscopy and a wider duct in patients with parotitis was observed although not statistically significant. These initial findings suggest that the masticatory muscle dysfunction related to bruxism seems to condition alteration of parotid duct course and anatomy thus favouring the occurrence of recurrent parotitis. A specific diagnostic iter based on clinical evaluation, dynamic ultrasonography and MR sialography, is therefore, mandatory to confirm the relationship between masseter muscle anatomy and parotid duct anomalies; this is the premise for an adequate therapeutic approach to underlying masticatory muscle disorder.
Procreating in an Overpopulated World: Role Moralities and a Climate Crisis
Authors: Stanbury Craig
Published: March 2024

It is an open question when procreation is justified. Antinatalists argue that bringing a new individual into the world is morally wrong, whereas pronatalists say that creating new life is morally good. In between these positions lie attempts to provide conditions for when taking an anti or pronatal stance is appropriate. This paper is concerned with developing one of these attempts, which can be called qualified pronatalism. Qualified pronatalism typically claims that while procreation can be morally permissible, there are constraints on when it is justified. These constraints often concern whether an individual is motivated to procreate for the right reasons. For instance, if someone is not sufficiently concerned with the child’s future welfare, the qualified pronatalist will say that procreation is not justified. Moreover, David Wasserman says that this concern forms a role-based duty. That is, prospective parents have special duties to be concerned for the child’s future welfare by virtue of the role they occupy. In this paper, I argue that a proper examination of a prospective parent’s role-based duties entails that more is needed to justify procreation. Bringing a new person into the world leaves fewer resources for people who already need them, and the current size of the human population is unsustainable from a planetary point of view. Therefore, even if there is nothing wrong with procreation per se, the external condition of overpopulation, and its ensuing public health issues, plausibly gives rise to a role-based duty that prospective parents must account for when deciding whether to procreate.
Key structure and processes in esports teams: a systematic review
Authors: Gisbert-Pérez Júlia , García-Naveira Alejo , Martí-Vilar Manuel , Acebes-Sánchez Jorge
Published: March 2024

Why are there numerous cases of esports teams with superstar rosters that have failed? This question highlights that having top professional players with extraordinary individual skills may not be enough to achieve success. Since winning is a primary goal, it is crucial to understand all the variables that positively influence performance. While individual performance is critical to success as part of an esports team, team dynamics, structures, and processes also foster group functioning and performance. Thus, this research aims to conduct a systematic review of the team variables involved in the performance of esports teams. For this purpose, we conducted a literature search following the PRISMA guidelines in Science Direct, Web of Science, and PsycInfo databases since 2023. This search resulted in 371 articles, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of twenty-three scientific articles were analyzed. The results were grouped under seven main topics: 1) Organigram, 2) Stages of a team, 3) Team structure, 4) Team variables and processes, 5) Leadership, 6) Lack of experience in team integration, and 7) Holistic and integral perspective. To conclude, more research is needed to study the effect of team dynamics in esports, as well as to highlight the role of the psychologist in fostering group dynamics to improve team cohesion, coordination, motivation, performance, and synergy.