bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale
Authors: Yağci Şentürk Aysun , Kaş Özdemir Atiye
Published: March 2024

Tools to measure layout people’s knowledge about palliative care are very limited. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS) in Turkish on layout people other than healthcare professionals. Perception of Health Scale (PHS) and European Health Literacy Survey (EHLS) scales were used to ensure concurrent validity of PaCKS. Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale was found to be .846. In item analysis, item-total score correlations were found to be between .343 and .691. Intraclass correlation coefficient of PaCKS total score was found to be .862, p < .001 in test–retest results. In the concurrent validity analysis, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the PaCKS and the PHS (r = .504, p = .000) and PaCKS and the EHLS (r = .251, p = .017). PaCKS is a simple, applicable and short test that can be easily understood by layout people without any health education.
Characterization of conductive particle dispersion in textile coatings through Joule’s effect monitoring analysis
Authors: Ruiz-Calleja Tamara , Jiménez-Suárez Alberto , Calderón-Villajos Rocío , Prolongo Silvia G
Published: March 2024

Achieving proper dispersion of pigments, dyes, or other additives, such as microcapsules or nanoparticles, within printing pastes or textile coatings is crucial for obtaining a homogeneous result. In certain specialized applications, such as coloration technology, it is possible to use colorimetry tools, visual examination, and even artificial vision to identify defects. However, none of these techniques comprehensively map the specific additive distribution. This paper proposes a novel approach: monitoring the distribution of conductive particles (graphene nanoplatelets, referred to as GNPs) within an acrylic coating paste using the Joule’s effect. Four different dispersion systems (ultrasound mixer, blender, toroidal agitation, and three-roll mill) are employed. Thermographic images provide an accurate view of how conductive particles are distributed. This complements data from numerical values, such as the maximum and average temperatures recorded for each sample. In certain cases, relying solely on numerical values can be inadequate or insufficient, hence the novelty of this article emphasizing the significance of using the Joule’s effect to assess the distribution of conductive particles. Concerning the mixing systems, optimal dispersion of GNPs in distilled water is most effectively achieved using an ultrasound mixer, with enhanced uniformity as dispersion time increases. For mixing the components of the coating paste, the toroidal agitation method yields the best result. Employing the three-roll mill is discouraged for this application due to its propensity to induce phase separation.
Online Hosts’ Storytelling Strategies: A Narrative Analysis of Mindfulness-Themed Airbnb Online Experiences
Authors: Lu Yue (Darcy) , Wang Yao-Chin
Published: March 2024

Although virtual tours and online tourism experiences have been developed with technological advancement and COVID-19 lockdowns, knowledge gaps exist to systematically conceptualize online tourism experiences and clarify online hosts’ storytelling strategies. Drawing upon theatrical theory, this study aims to conceptualize the online tourism experience and online hosts’ storytelling strategies. Our research setting is mindfulness-themed online experiences via Airbnb Online Experiences. A total of 186 online hosts were analyzed with narrative analysis. This study proposed three frameworks: (1) a performer-stage-audience model for online tourism experiences, (2) a longitudinal perspective on hosts’ storytelling strategies on the stage, and (3) a systematic view of online hosts’ storytelling strategies. The conceptual work offers important insights for the academy and relevant industries.
Honor and shame are important, but they are not the only game in town: Players from Culturology
Authors: Cox Roland Paul
Published: March 2024

Missiologists have given considerable attention to honor and shame (to a lesser extent, guilt and innocence, fear and power, individualism versus collectivism, and power distance) and have neglected other aspects of culture. Because of this neglect, many have an unbalanced perspective of culture. The discipline of Culturology provides a more balanced view of culture (while also capturing the aspects mentioned above). This article explores some of the often neglected “players” of Culturology: monumentalism versus flexibility, long-term versus short-term orientation, self-stability versus self-adaptability, assertion versus the Middle Way, and absolutist versus dialectical beliefs. This work also discusses the well-known players (honor and shame, individualism versus collectivism, etc.) to provide a contrast. The conclusion of this article has suggestions to help mission practitioners apply more cultural aspects in their ministries and have a better balanced cultural perspective.
Effects of contaminant diffusion on the fresh air inlets of a clean room workshop
Authors: Xu Jinrui , Qian Zhen , Zhang Ke
Published: March 2024

In this study, a clean workshop is the subject of our research study, and computational fluid dynamics methods are applied to investigate the effect of exhaust pipe height, exhaust velocity, barrier structure, and wind direction on contaminant diffusion from the clean workshop. Results show that an increase in exhaust pipe height and exhaust velocity or a decrease in barrier height can effectively reduce the pollutant concentration at each fresh air inlet (FAI). Along the wind direction, the contaminant concentration initially increases and then decreases as distance increases. When the height of the exhaust pipe reaches 45 m, the effect of pollutants on the FAI is insignificant. When the exhaust velocity reaches 12 m/s, the effect of pollutants on the FAI weakens as the emission speed of flue gas increases. Reducing the height of the barrier to 29–31 m can effectively improve the concentration of pollutants at each FAI.

Practical implications

The mechanism by which the exhaust pipe height, exhaust velocity, barrier structure, and wind direction affect pollutant diffusion from a clean room workshop is systematically investigated by combining the CFD methods with an actual clean workshop as the research object, and the optimal pollutant reduction conditions are presented, thus providing scientific guidance for the construction of clean plants and the reduction of pollutant emissions.
The life-transition perspective in mediatization research: Exploring lived experiences of media-related social changes through transitioning social roles
Authors: Damkjaer Maja Sonne
Published: March 2024

This article introduces the life-transition perspective as a novel conceptual framework for mediatization research. By examining individuals’ media engagement during significant life transitions, this perspective illuminates the interplay between media-communicative practices and transitioning social roles. The article argues that the life-transition perspective offers methodological advantages and fosters integration between audience research and mediatization research. It enables in-depth analysis of lived experiences of media-related social change in the context of digital everyday life and provides a comprehensive concept for synthesizing existing research on the evolving role of media across diverse domains.
Ordinary lives – Extraordinary journeys: Television entertainment from game shows to reality TV
Authors: Chalaby Jean K.
Published: March 2024

This article defends the thesis that game shows were a key influence in the development of reality TV, and understanding the latter depends on our knowledge of the former. The first section addresses the knowledge gap about game shows and asks the following questions: What are they made of, and what are the core elements that distinguish them from any other genre? The second part examines the relationship between game shows and reality programming. This article highlights the similarities between the two genres and demonstrates that the latter adopted many of the storytelling techniques pioneered by the former. Thus, this research seeks to make a double contribution to media and communication studies: it addresses a knowledge gap and thinks about game shows in relation to another TV genre. From a theoretical perspective, this research mixes a sociological approach to discourse with practice-oriented narrative analysis. It uses secondary and primary sources, which consist of interviews with UK-based TV executives and producers.
Titus Andronicus and the wicked streets of Rome
Authors: Hopkins Lisa
Published: March 2024

Titus Andronicus is full of dichotomies: Black/white, good/bad, men/women, Goths/Romans, educated/uneducated (is a verse in Horace just a verse in Horace, or ought we to look for a deeper meaning?), whole/mutilated, alive/dead. The way in which the play represents the tensions between inside and outside is however particularly provocative. This essay explores how Titus Andronicus disturbs and undermines the distinction between inside and outside through its use of stage space, its evocation of early modern ideas about Roman architecture, and its deployment of coded reminders of the effects of the English Reformation.
Remembering the Recession: Marketplace and Status Quo Journalism
Authors: Cormany Diane L.
Published: March 2024

Ten years after the 2008 Great Recession, US media recalled the experiences and lessons learned from its aftermath. Among these was Marketplace's Divided Decade project, which spanned calendar year 2018 and included 66 discrete stories covering the impact on individuals and different sectors. The project cut across both Marketplace Morning and its evening broadcast Marketplace, both syndicated by American Public Media (APM). Marketplace appeals to a public radio audience of elite, educated listeners who are located away from financial power centers but still wield influence. This audience is larger than any other U.S. broadcast business program. Using theories of affect, this paper will demonstrate how Marketplace's recollection of a critical event continued to shape attitudes about the economy. By using critical discourse analysis (CDA), I unearth how power is reified through financial news reporting practices. Marketplace's focus on individual narratives decoupled the crisis from its structural context, while its reliance on economic policy leaders emphasized their affective memories and justified official responses. Divided Decade upheld the status quo by separating the impact of the crisis from the lives that were affected, while foreclosing alternative approaches to the problems the 2008 crisis laid bare.
What are the anticipated benefits, risks, barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred outcome measures into routine care for children and young people with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions? A qualitative interview study with key stakeholders
Authors: Scott Hannah May , Coombes Lucy , Braybrook Debbie , Harðardóttir Daney , Roach Anna , Bristowe Katherine , Bluebond-Langner Myra , Fraser Lorna K , Downing Julia , Farsides Bobbie , Murtagh Fliss EM , Ellis-Smith Clare , Harding Richard
Published: March 2024

Background:

There is a growing evidence-base underpinning implementation of person-centred outcome measures into adult palliative care. However evidence on how best to achieve this with children facing life-threatening and life-limiting conditions is limited.

Aim:

To identify the anticipated benefits, risks, barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred outcome measures for children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions.

Design:

Cross-sectional qualitative semi-structured interview study with key stakeholders analysed using Framework analysis informed by the adapted-Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Setting/participants:

A total of n = 26 children with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions, n = 40 parents/carers, n = 13 siblings and n = 15 health and social care professionals recruited from six hospitals and three children’s hospices and n = 12 Commissioners of health services.

Results:

All participants were supportive of future implementation of person-centred outcome measures into care. Anticipated benefits included: better understanding of patient and family priorities, improved communication and collaborative working between professionals and families and standardisation in data collection and reporting. Anticipated risks included increased workload for staff and measures not being used as intended. Implementation barriers included: acceptability and usability of outcome measures by children; burden and capacity of parents/carers regarding completion; privacy concerns; and language barriers. Implementation facilitators included designing measures using language that is meaningful to children and families, ensuring potential benefits of person-centred outcome measures are communicated to encourage ‘buy-in’ and administering measures with known and trusted professional.

Conclusions:

Implementation of person-centred outcome measures offer potential benefits for children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions. Eight recommendations are made to maximise benefits and minimise risks in implementation.
Metabolic coupling between glutamate and N-acetylaspartate in the human brain
Authors: Hong Sungtak , Tomar Jyoti Singh , Shen Jun
Published: March 2024

A metabolic coupling between glutamate and N-acetylaspartate measured by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been recently reported in the literature with inconsistent findings. In this study, confounders originating from Pearson’s spurious correlation of ratios and spectral correlation due to overlapping magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals of glutamate and N-acetylaspartate were practically eliminated to facilitate the determination of any metabolic link between glutamate and N-acetylaspartate in the human brain using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In both occipital and medial prefrontal cortices of healthy individuals, correlations between glutamate and N-acetylaspartate were found to be insignificant. Our results do not lend support to a recent hypothesis that N-acetylaspartate serves as a significant reservoir for the rapid replenishment of glutamate during signaling or stress.
Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced hematogenous disseminated severe pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Yuanjun Zhou , Yan Cai , Qingyan Zhang , Feng Xiong
Published: March 2024

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative oral anaerobe among more than more than 500 bacterial species that colonizing the oral cavity, is involved in the pathogenesis and prototypic polybacterial consortium of periodontitis. It is mainly found in oral infections and rarely present in other organ diseases. Here, we describe a 43-year-old man with underlying diabetes who developed hematogenous disseminated severe pneumonia after P. gingivalis had invaded the blood. Next-generation sequencing of early alveolar lavage fluid and blood samples confirmed the diagnosis. The patient’s lung infection improved after targeted antimicrobial treatment. He was successfully weaned from ventilatory support and transferred to the general ward. This case illustrates bacterial entry into the bloodstream of a patient with diabetes who had periodontal disease but did not maintain oral hygiene, leading to severe pneumonia. Periodontal disease is often ignored by the public, and it is difficult for critical care physicians to link severe pneumonia with periodontal disease. Thus, this case represents an important warning to critical care clinicians.
Bilateral plasma cell mastitis simulating breast cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ashindoitiang John , Nwagbara Victor , Ugbem Theophilus , Ukam Joseph , Asuquo Maurice
Published: March 2024

Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the breast. It is a benign entity mainly found in nonpregnant and nonlactating women. PCM presents with symptoms of inflammation, breast erythema, masses, and indurations. We herein describe a 26-year-old woman with a 2-year history of right breast swelling and a 1-year history of left breast swelling during pregnancy and lactation. She was clinically diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer, but a biopsy specimen revealed PCM. During pregnancy and lactation, PCM can present as bilateral lesions. Early presentation and diagnosis are crucial because PCM, a benign disease, can lead to remarkable morbidity if allowed to progress to an advanced stage.
Knowledge and awareness of early gastrointestinal cancer screening in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County in Gansu, China
Authors: Wang Caihong , Niu Yumei
Published: March 2024

Objective

We aimed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness regarding the need for screening of early gastrointestinal cancer among residents of Sunan Yugur Autonomous County in China.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a survey among permanent residents of Sunan Yugur Autonomous County from January 2020 to January 2023 using a questionnaire to obtain data on knowledge regarding early gastrointestinal cancer screening.

Results

The survey included 12,000 residents. Among participants, 62.30% (7476/12,000) were aware of the need for early gastrointestinal cancer screening. Awareness about the need for early gastrointestinal cancer screening differed significantly based on participants’ sex, age, level of education, area of residence, and ethnicity.

Conclusion

The level of awareness regarding the need for early gastrointestinal cancer screening was relatively low in our study population. The government and medical institutions should provide information and promote early gastrointestinal cancer screening in the region to improve the health status and quality of life among the Yugur people.
Gastric metastasis from breast cancer: five cases and a single-institutional review
Authors: Cheng Meng , Jia Zhanli , Zhang Guoyu , Wang Yingnan , Li Sainan , Yang Shan , Li Chunxiao , Geng Cuizhi
Published: March 2024

Gastric metastasis from breast cancer has a high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Data of patients who had gastric metastasis from breast cancer were retrieved from our hospital between 2014 and 2020. The gastric metastasis from breast cancer incidence was 0.04% (5/14,169 cases of breast cancer). Four patients had invasive lobular carcinoma, and the other patient had invasive ductal carcinoma. The time from the initial diagnosis of breast cancer to the appearance of gastric metastasis ranged from 0 to 12 years. One patient’s endoscopic presentation was similar to mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and presented with gastric mucosal congestion and edema, widened wrinkles, mixed color fading, and redness. The initial pathological diagnosis of this patient was mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and breast cancer was finally confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Hormonal receptors were highly expressed in four patients with primary and metastasis lesions and were negative in one patient. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 was negative in all patients. Mammaglobin and GATA3 were positive in all patients. In conclusion, the gastric metastasis of breast cancer incidence rate is low, and misdiagnosis can lead to insufficient or excessive treatment. Multiple biopsies and immunohistochemistry should be performed to diagnose gastric metastasis of breast cancer.
Dynamic lymphocyte-CRP ratio as a predictor: a single-centre retrospective study on disease severity and progression in adult COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wang Dan , Gao Yang , Lai Qi-Qi , Wu Di , Liu Hui-Ying , Meng Huan , Wang Xin-Tong , Tang Yu-Jia , Xu Jia-Xi , Zhang Jia-Ning , Liu Bo-Wen , Zhang Jian-Nan , Fei Dong-Sheng , Kang Kai
Published: March 2024

Objective

To assess the efficacy of dynamic changes in lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) on differentiating disease severity and predicting disease progression in adult patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

This single-centre retrospective study enrolled adult COVID-19 patients categorized into moderate, severe and critical groups according to the Diagnosis and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (ninth edition). Demographic and clinical data were collected. LCR and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were calculated. Lymphocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were monitored on up to four occasions. Disease severity was determined concurrently with each LCR measurement.

Results

This study included 145 patients assigned to moderate ( n = 105), severe ( n = 33) and critical groups ( n = 7). On admission, significant differences were observed among different disease severity groups including age, comorbidities, neutrophil proportion, lymphocyte count and proportion, D-Dimer, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, CRP and SOFA score. Dynamic changes in LCR showed significant differences across different disease severity groups at different times, which were significantly inversely correlated with disease severity of COVID-19, with correlation coefficients of −0.564, −0.548, −0.550 and −0.429 at four different times.

Conclusion

Dynamic changes in LCR can effectively differentiate disease severity and predict disease progression in adult COVID-19 patients.
Using a Modified Delphi Approach to Explore California’s Possible Transportation and Land Use Futures
Authors: Gahbauer John , Wasserman Jacob L. , Matute Juan , Rios Gutierrez Alejandra , Taylor Brian D.
Published: March 2024

Many methods exist for engaging experts in interactive groups to explore, clarify, and/or decide on various issues. In an investigation of four possible future scenarios concerning transportation and land use in California, we developed a novel “hybrid policy Delphi” method for use with a panel of 18 experts. We applied it to explore the policies and practices that would likely lead to each of the four scenarios and the consequences that would result from them. Through our process, panel members discussed and reflected on the scenarios in multiple ways. The scenario they considered most desirable they also deemed least likely to occur, and they foresaw the likely trajectory of California transportation and land use leading to less desirable scenarios. Our mix of discussion and questionnaires traded the benefit of anonymity for the benefit of exploratory, interactive discussion. In addition, our use of surveys before and after meetings allowed us to track changes in panel opinion on a central question and discuss the survey results at meetings, at the cost of greater administrative effort. We discuss the results of this hybrid policy Delphi approach, reflect on how it worked, and conclude with a discussion of limitations and future directions.
Rethinking Urban Sustainability in the GCC: Translating Plans into Practices
Authors: Alawadi Khaled , Abdelghani Rahma , Daghash Farah
Published: March 2024

This study uses morphological mapping to trace sustainable urban forms over six decades in sixty-five neighborhoods in seven Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) cities. The study examines the evolution of three dimensions—compactness, connectivity, and diversity. The aims are (1) to assess the extent to which sustainable forms have been implemented in neighborhood development and (2) to identify model neighborhoods that can guide sustainable neighborhood development. Findings indicate that pre-suburban developments are generally more sustainable than contemporary neighborhoods, although some modern neighborhoods incorporate sustainable elements. Effectively implementing policies requires striking a balance between physical ideals and consideration of social aspects.
Outcomes, Politicians, or the Institution Itself? Using a Czech Case to Explain Trust Formation in Different Political Institutions and the Implications for Voter Turnout
Authors: Hruška Jan , Balík Stanislav
Published: March 2024

Compared to the scholarship on general political trust, relatively little attention has been paid to institutional trust. Research on the subject tends to treat political institutions as single entities, ignoring the fact that different institutions can enjoy, in the long term, very different levels of trust. This paper builds on the assumption that institutional trust may be formed differently depending on the institution type, and thus aims to explain how trust is formed in different types of democratic institutions. Moreover, it explains how the relationship between trust in a political institution and voter turnout can change depending on how trust is formed. The study is based on the content analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews from the Czech Republic. The study shows that respondents tend to develop trust in a political institution based on their assessment of the institution’s current performance and outcomes rather than their assessment of the institution itself. The study argues that an integral part of the concept of trust in a political institution is the popularity of the politicians who represent the institution. However, how trust is formed depends on the type of institution, which has important implications for measuring this concept. The relationship between institutional trust and turnout may also vary depending on how trust in an institution is formed. Thus, a potential correlation between trust in an institution and electoral participation may exist depending on the type of an institution.
Artificial Intelligence, Rationalization, and the Limits of Control in the Public Sector: The Case of Tax Policy Optimization
Authors: Mökander Jakob , Schroeder Ralph
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we first frame the use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the public sector as a continuation and intensification of long-standing rationalization and bureaucratization processes. Drawing on Weber, we understand the core of these processes to be the replacement of traditions with instrumental rationality, that is, the most calculable and efficient way of achieving any given policy objective. Second, we demonstrate how much of the criticisms, both among the public and in scholarship, directed towards AI systems spring from well-known tensions at the heart of Weberian rationalization. To illustrate this point, we introduce a thought experiment whereby AI systems are used to optimize tax policy to advance a specific normative end: reducing economic inequality. Our analysis shows that building a machine-like tax system that promotes social and economic equality is possible. However, our analysis also highlights that AI-driven policy optimization (i) comes at the exclusion of other competing political values, (ii) overrides citizens’ sense of their (non-instrumental) obligations to each other, and (iii) undermines the notion of humans as self-determining beings. Third, we observe that contemporary scholarship and advocacy directed towards ensuring that AI systems are legal, ethical, and safe build on and reinforce central assumptions that underpin the process of rationalization, including the modern idea that science can sweep away oppressive systems and replace them with a rule of reason that would rescue humans from moral injustices. That is overly optimistic: science can only provide the means – it cannot dictate the ends. Nonetheless, the use of AI in the public sector can also benefit the institutions and processes of liberal democracies. Most importantly, AI-driven policy optimization demands that normative ends are made explicit and formalized, thereby subjecting them to public scrutiny, deliberation, and debate.
Deep Learning Approach for automatic detection of split defects on sheet metal stamping parts
Authors: Singh Aru Ranjan , Bashford-Rogers Thomas , Debattista Kurt , Hazra Sumit
Published: March 2024

Sheet metal stamping processes are used primarily for high-volume products produced for a range of sectors, from white goods manufacturing to the automotive and aerospace sectors. However, the process is susceptible to defects. Due to the numerous potential defects that may arise in the stamping product, human inspectors are often deployed for their detection. However, they are unreliable and expensive, especially when operating at production speeds equivalent to the stamping rate. This study investigate CNN-based automatic inspection for stamping defects. The study carried out two sets of experiments. All the Experiments yielded high classification accuracy, recall and precision demonstrating the viability of the CNN method for defect detection in the sheet metal stamping process. Additionally, this study revealed that in limited data confounding factors can be a challenge. The second experiment further explored the impact of small neck defects, harsh lighting and reflections on defect detection. The observations indicated that the model struggled to identify defects occluded by reflections, particularly small neck defects.
Identification of MAG welding metal droplet transfer patterns based on features of input power
Authors: Lv Xiaoqing , Su Haoyang
Published: March 2024

An experimental platform was built for simultaneous acquisition of the input and output electrical signals as well as droplet transfer images during the welding process. By analyzing the rectifier circuit of the welder, the calculation method of the instantaneous input power, the instantaneous input power envelope, and the input pulsating energy (EP) were given. The input pulsating energy was found to better characterize the dynamical change process at the output terminal upon comparison. Then, the short circuiting transfer, free transfer and mixed transfer patterns were obtained by varying the wire feeding speed and the given voltage. Based on the standard variance (SD) and coefficient of variation of the input pulsating energy (v(Ep)), the parameter variations in different transition patterns and the stability of the transition process were compared and analyzed. The results reveal that the v(Ep) was greater than 18% for short circuiting transfer and less than 9% for free transfer.
Construction and application of online parametric modeling platform for face milling cutters based on WebGL and Open CASCADE
Authors: Cao Xirui , Lin Zhi , Yue Caixu , Yu Zhongguang , Liu Xianli , Hu Desheng
Published: March 2024

The secondary development of traditional commercial CAD/CAE software has been widely used in the process of cutting tools design and optimization. However, limited by copyright and hardware configuration, the effect of this development is limited, and the secondary development can no longer meet the needs of rapid and accurate cutting tools design. With the rapid development of Internet, online cutting tools CAD software based on Web has become a new development direction with its characteristics of specialization and lightweight. In order to build an online cutting tools CAD software, an online parametric design platform for indexable face milling cutters is established based on Web development technology, Open CASCADE and Three.js. The platform can quickly generate a 3D basic model for NC machining programing and a 3D detailed model for finite element simulation of cutting process according to ISO 13399. Based on the built platform, the finite element simulation model of cutting process of indexable surface milling cutter is established. The establishment of the model can play an important role in improving the design efficiency and reducing the design cost for the optimal design of this kind of milling cutter.
Moral disengagement, moral identity, and counterproductive work behavior among emergency nurses
Authors: Ke Yanfei , Li Fuda
Published: March 2024

Background

Morality is a fundamental component of nurses’ daily work. Nurses’ cognitive tendencies toward moral disengagement in high-stress work environments can easily lead them to engage in counterproductive work behaviors that are not conducive to the organization. However, there is limited research on how to mitigate the impact of moral disengagement on counterproductive work behavior.

Objective

The objective was to explore the impact of moral disengagement on counterproductive work behavior, as well as the reverse regulatory mechanism of moral identity on the relationship between moral disengagement and counterproductive work behavior.

Research design

This was a quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Participants and research context

From September to October 2023, nurses from emergency departments of major hospitals in Hunan Province were recruited, and 500 questionnaires were distributed and collected using the WeChat app Credamo Seeing Numbers.

Ethical consideration

All study procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Hunan Normal University (No. 2023-388).

Findings

Moral disengagement had a positive effect on counterproductive work behavior directed at the organization (CWB-O) as well as counterproductive work behavior directed at individuals (CWB-I). Moral identity was not significant in moderating the relationship between moral disengagement and CWB-O. Moral identity had an inverse moderating effect on the mechanism of action between moral disengagement and CWB-I.

Conclusion

Counterproductive work behavior guided by moral disengagement is detrimental to organizations, and moral identity can inhibit the effect of moral disengagement on CWB-I. Nursing administrators should focus on improving nurses’ moral identity and improving the healthcare workplace environment so that moral identity can better exert its inhibitory effect on counterproductive work behavior among nurses.
Understanding the Food Environment and Its Impact on Diet and Health in Asia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gilcharan Singh Harvinder Kaur , Sinnasamy Pavitra , Wan Yi Teoh , Chiao Wei Chang , Chee Siew Swee Winnie , Shyam Sangeetha
Published: March 2024

Food environment (FE), an interface where people interact with a broader food system, is critical to health. Understanding the Asian FE may help to tackle the “triple burden of malnutrition” through informed research and policy. This review identifies FE domains assessed in the Asian context and collates the tools/measures used in these evaluations. We further synthesized the reported associations of FE with diet and health outcomes and identified knowledge gaps. Forty-two articles were reviewed (East Asia, n = 25, 60%; South Asia, n = 8, 19%; and Southeast Asia, n = 9, 21%). The results showed that FE was frequently examined in children, adolescents, or adults, but data were scarce in older adults. Food availability ( n = 30) and accessibility ( n = 19) were popularly studied domains. Furthermore, FE was measured using geographic information systems ( n = 18), market ( n = 7), or stakeholder ( n = 21) surveys. Twenty-eight (67%) articles assessed associations of FE exposures with diet ( n = 12) and health ( n = 21). Increased food availability and accessibility were associated with poorer dietary and health outcomes despite nonexisting validity and reliability reporting in 62% of articles. Limited high-quality studies emphasize the need for harmonized definitions, better study designs, and validated FE measures/tools in Asia. Improving the quality of FE research is critical to designing effective interventions to improve public health nutrition in Asia.
Massage ameliorates lumbar disc herniation-related radicular pain in rats by suppressing TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling transduction
Authors: Hu Yanping , Zhao Xin , Chen Mingyang , Zhou Fan , Zhang Xuelong , Chen Changhuan , Wan Qi , He Shenghua
Published: March 2024

Background

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common spinal disease that can cause severe radicular pain. Massage, also known as Tuina in Chinese, has been indicated to exert an analgesic effect in patients with LDH. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying this effect of massage on LDH remains unclarified.

Methods

Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. A rat LDH model was established by autologous nucleus pulpous (NP) implantation, followed by treatment with or without massage. A toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist TAK-242 was administrated to rats for blocking TLR4. Behavioral tests were conducted to examine rat mechanical and thermal sensitivities. Western blotting was employed for determining TLR4 and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein levels in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Immunofluorescence staining was implemented for estimating the microglial marker Iba-1 expression in rat SDH tissue.

Results

NP implantation induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rat ipsilateral hindpaws and activated TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling transduction in the ipsilateral SDH. Massage therapy or TAK-242 administration relieved NP implantation-triggered pain behaviors in rats. Massage or TAK-242 hindered microglia activation and blocked TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ipsilateral SDH of LDH rats.

Conclusion

Massage ameliorates LDH-related radicular pain in rats by suppressing microglia activation and TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling transduction.
The Health and Safety Experiences of Precariously Employed Bangladeshi Immigrant Workers in Toronto During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Premji Stephanie , Begum Momtaz , Laila Kishower , Jahangir Sultana , Zvric Adam
Published: March 2024

Racialized immigrants in Canada have been disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our qualitative, community-based study with South Asian Women and Immigrants’ Services examined the impact of the second and third waves of the pandemic on the work and health of precariously employed Bangladeshi immigrant women and men in Toronto. Our study is based on interviews and focus group discussions with 45 workers, all conducted in Bangla, and 11 key informants. Interviews reveal work transitions, an increase in precarity, work in essential sectors, exposures at work, home and in transit, workplace prevention and management gaps, and an inability to take time off, with significant impacts on workers’ physical and mental health. We discuss the implications of our findings for prevention, preparedness, and response by workplaces and governments to decrease the risk and reduce the impact of infectious diseases emergencies in the precarious work sector.
A Culturally Humble Approach to Designing a Sports-Based Youth Development Program With African-Australian Community
Authors: Goff Rachel , O’Keeffe Patrick , Kuol Abraham , Cunningham Rob , Egan Ronnie , Kuyini Bawa , Martin Robyn
Published: March 2024

This article draws on the concept of cultural humility, to describe and analyze a decolonizing approach to co-designing a primary prevention basketball program for young African-Australian people in Melbourne, Australia. We explore the potential for genuine collaboration and power-sharing with a culturally diverse community through collaboratively developing the co-design process and resultant program design. This article highlights the central role of UBUNTU in the co-design process, prioritizing African ways of knowing, being, and doing within a Westernized social work and design context. Through reporting on the stages of program design, we offer an example of how Indigenous knowledges and philosophies such as UBUNTU might be incorporated into co-design through cultural humility. We suggest this allows for a transformation of design tools and processes in ways that undermine oppressive and marginalizing power imbalances in design and social work.
Tranexamic Acid: Safeguarding Children with Craniosynostosis from Bleeding. A Review Article
Authors: Firdaus Khildan Miftahul , Andriyanto Lucky , Muhammad Adil Jihad , Bisri Tatang
Published: March 2024

Craniosynostosis is a congenital condition characterized by the premature closure of one or more sutures in the skull after birth, often necessitating urgent surgical intervention. Nevertheless, cranial vault reconstruction surgery can cause rapid and massive blood loss. This procedure requires a blood transfusion, which entails potential hazards. In addition, the hemostatic system in children differs significantly from that in adults, resulting in increased bleeding during surgical procedures. We conducted a comprehensive literature review in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, referring to their inception for studies on the use of tranexamic acid in pediatric craniosynostosis surgery. Selection criteria were based on the relevance of tranexamic acid, its clinical efficacy, and its safety profile in pediatric populations. Authoritative reviews were considered to ensure a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge and practice trends in the field. We determined that a low loading dose of 10 mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg/h is as effective as a high dose of 50 mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 10 mg/kg/h of tranexamic acid when administered after induction of anesthesia through skin closure and can reduce blood loss by up to 72% and total packed red blood cell transfusion by up to 85%. No difference in safety profile is observed. We concluded that a low dose of tranexamic acid, administered as a loading dose followed by a maintenance dose, is beneficial and safe for reducing blood loss and transfusion following craniosynostosis surgery.
What Makes for an Effective Gifted and Talented Screener?
Authors: Peters Scott J. , Makel Matthew C. , Lee Lindsay Ellis , Stambaugh Tamra , McBee Matthew T. , McCoach D. Betsy , Johnson Kiana R.
Published: March 2024

Universal screening is one of the most-common topics and well-accepted best practices within the field of gifted and talented education. There appears to be little disagreement that universally screening all students as part of a gifted and talented identification process results in fewer missed students. But surprisingly, there is little guidance on what makes for a quality universal screener—the tool that decides who needs further consideration. In this paper, we provide guidance that can help schools select the universal screener that helps them correctly identify as many students as possible at the lowest possible cost.
Whither Thou Goest, Gifted Education?
Authors: VanTassel-Baska Joyce
Published: March 2024

The author describes what the field of gifted education has accomplished since the advent of programming in the 1920s that has been of service to gifted learners, has been growth-producing, and has had a lasting impact on research and development initiatives. She also identifies what gifted education has not accomplished and the barriers that require gifted educators’ attention. The conclusion outlines three initiatives for the field of gifted education to survive.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pantoea sp. Strain MHSD4, a Bacterial Endophyte With Bioremediation Potential
Authors: Morobane Dimpho Michelle , Tshishonga Khuthadzo , Serepa-Dlamini Mahloro Hope
Published: March 2024

Pantoea sp. strain MHSD4 is a bacterial endophyte isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant Pellaea calomelanos. Here, we report on strain MHSD4 draft whole genome sequence and annotation. The draft genome size of Pantoea sp. strain MHSD4 is 4 647 677 bp with a G+C content of 54.2% and 41 contigs. The National Center for Biotechnology Information Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline tool predicted a total of 4395 genes inclusive of 4235 protein-coding genes, 87 total RNA genes, 14 non-coding (nc) RNAs and 70 tRNAs, and 73 pseudogenes. Biosynthesis pathways for naphthalene and anthracene degradation were identified. Putative genes involved in bioremediation such as copA, copD, cueO, cueR, glnGm, and trxC were identified. Putative genes involved in copper homeostasis and tolerance were identified which may suggest that Pantoea sp. strain MHSD4 has biotechnological potential for bioremediation of heavy metals.
Long-Term Effects and Prognosis Following Suction Blister Epidermal Grafting in Vitiligo Patients
Authors: Shi Xiaoyi , Wang Fang , Sun Yifang , Du Juan , Ding Xiaolan
Published: March 2024

Background:

Suction blister epidermal grafting (SBEG) is currently one of the most prevalent surgical methods for stable vitiligo.

Objective:

To investigate the long-term outcomes of vitiligo patients who underwent SBEG and to explore risk factors associated with postoperative relapse.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients who underwent SBEG in our department between January 2016 and December 2022. Treatment outcomes, including repigmentation rate, adverse events, and postoperative relapse, were surveyed via telephone interview or out-=patient visit. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the potential risk factors for postoperative relapse. Statistical significance was assumed at P < .05.

Results:

A total of 253 patients were included with a repigmentation rate of 96% (243/253) after grafting. Common adverse events included cobblestone-like appearance (73.1%, 185/253) in the donor site, perigraft halo (46.2%, 117/253), and cobblestone-like appearance (26.1%, 66/253) in the recipient site. Postoperative relapse occurred in 20.1% of patients over a mean time of 29.7 months after grafting. Nonsegmental type of vitiligo and coexistence of autoimmune diseases were risk factors for postoperative relapse.

Conclusion:

SBEG is an effective surgical treatment for vitiligo with high repigmentation rate and good safety profile. Nonsegmental vitiligo and comorbid autoimmune diseases may increase the risk of postoperative relapse.
Wikipedia and AI: Access, representation, and advocacy in the age of large language models
Authors: McDowell Zachary J
Published: March 2024

Wikipedia, despite its volunteer-driven nature, stands as a trustworthy repository of information, thanks to its transparent and verifiable processes. However, Large Language Models (LLMs) often use Wikipedia as a source without acknowledging it, creating a disconnect between users and Wikipedia’s rich framework. This poses a triple threat to information literacy, Wikipedia’s vitality, and the potential for dynamic, updated information. This article explores the interplay between representation, accessibility, and LLMs on Wikipedia, highlighting the importance of preserving Wikipedia as a space for access, representation, and ultimately advocacy in an increasingly LLM-dominated information landscape. This article contends that, despite being over two decades old, Wikipedia remains vital not only for knowledge accumulation but also as a sanctuary for the future of knowledge representation, championing representation and accessibility in the age of closed-system LLMs.
Social dominance and authoritarianism have mostly countervailing associations with attitudes about COVID-19 and its management
Authors: Zubielevitch Elena , Satherley Nicole , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny
Published: March 2024

Although social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) often predict similar outcomes, their respective motivations to reinforce inequality and mitigate threat are ostensibly incompatible with attempts to manage a pandemic. We test the potential countervailing associations SDO and RWA have with COVID-19 attitudes in a nationwide random sample of New Zealand adults ( N = 31,025). As hypothesized, SDO and RWA had countervailing associations with most COVID-19 attitudes, including believing the health risks were exaggerated; trust in and satisfaction with the government; compliance with various health directives; and getting information from mainstream media and the government. Nevertheless, SDO and RWA both correlated positively with getting information from social media, believing COVID-19 was laboratory-created, worrying about catching the virus, confidence in recovering from COVID-19, and ruminating about the pandemic. Collectively, these results suggest that people who prefer hierarchies may oppose COVID-19 containment efforts, whereas authoritarians may support such measures.