bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of KPC-2 gene in K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. mirabilis isolated from Urine sample of Urinary Tract Infection patients
Authors: . Nargis , Rehman Tayyab ur , Ali Liaqat , Khan Hanif , . Madina
Published: September 2021

Background: Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is an uprising problem worldwide. KPC is one of the important mechanisms of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae such as K. pneumoniae. Aims and Objectives: The current research focuses on the frequency of the KPC -2 gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine samples, as well as antibiotic resistance patterns. Methodology: Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were examined on 53 carbapenem-resistant isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family. These isolates were subjected to the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and PCR for KPC 2 gene identification. Results: A total of 150 urine samples were processed for the isolation of the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae. 125 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained in which the consistency of K. pneumonia was 50(40%),E. colin was 55(44%), and P. mirabilis was 20(16%). The test for susceptibility of antibioticresulted that among50 Klebsiella pneumoniae 40% were resistant to Imipenem, while in E. coli 54.4% and P. mirabilis 30 % were resistant to Imipenem respectively. PCR results show the gene KPC-2 out of 15 (75%) 2 (13.2%) Modified Hodge Test Positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. In total 83.3% (n=25) E. coli Modified Hodge Test positive and for the KPC-2 gene 4% were positive. Conclusion:This research demonstrates that in Enterobacteriaceae there isexistence of carbapenem resistance. Surveillance research and complete antibiotic prescription standards should be established at Pakistan's various hospitals to stop the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Key Words: Enterobacteriaceae, Urinary Tract Infections, Carbapenem, Modified Hodge test
Frequency of Hypovitaminosis B12 in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rizwan Aesha Sadaf , Robeen Kousar , Ahmad Afshan , Hashmi Irum Batool , Tahir Muhammad , Abbas Saba
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypovitaminosis B12 in pregnant females presented with gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: The department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Category A Hospital, Batkhela Malakand and Muhammad Teaching Hospital, Peshawarfor the duration of six months from October 2020 to March 2021. Methodology: Total 190 pregnant women (95 GDM, 95 non-GDM) were enrolled in this study. Patient’s ages were ranging between 18 to 40 years. Detailed demographics including age, gestational age, body mass index (BMI), and gravidty were recorded after taking informed written consent. Blood samples were taken from all the patients for measuring vitamin B12 status. Hypovitaminosis B12 was defined as <300 pg/ml. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: Mean age of patients was 32.46±6.82 years. Mean BMI was 26.24±2.34 kg/m2. Mean gestational age was 34.56±2.18 weeks. 105 (55.26%) women were multigravida. 80 (42.11%) patients had vitamin B12 level <300 pg/ml. Patients with GDM had high rate of vitaminosis B12 deficiency as compared to non-GDM patients (65.26% Vs 18.95%). A significant association was observed between GDM and hypovitaminosis B12 with p-value <0.0001. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus with frequency of 65.26%. Keywords: Vitaminosis B12, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy
Frequency of Local Treatment in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome during Pregnancy
Authors: Hussain Jawad , Saqib Muhammad , Khan Nadia , Khan Sohail , Jan Fawad , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: The most common entrapment neuropathy is carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by median nerve compression at the wrist joint. Idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common cause. Among the other physiologic causes of carpal tunnel syndrome (wrist trauma, diabetes, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, occupation, contraception, and pregnancy), pregnancy is the most common. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of local treatment in carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 45 pregnant women with carpal tunnel syndrome in the departments of Neurology and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from May 2020 to April 2021. Individuals who met the inclusioncriteria were enrolled in this study. Ethical approval and consent forms were taken from the participants. All the patients were treated with local treatment (dexamethasone acetate 4 mg and lidocaine 0.5 ml) under the carpal tunnel syndrome. Before and after 3 weeks of local injection, median nerve electro physiologic parameters through sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), sensory latency (DSL), pain intensity (visual analog scale or VAS) and distal motor latency (DML) were all noted. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29± 5.3 years while mean weight gain was 13.2 ± 4.9 kg. The third trimester was the mostfrequent pregnancy trimester with carpal tunnel syndrome. Before and after 3weeks, the average pain score of injected dexamethasone acetate was 8.65 ±0.89 and 4.29 ± 0.74 respectively (p-value < 0.005). Additionally, the median nerve SNCV transcarpalwas 32.9 ±7.1 and 25.1 ± 7.2 m/s (p-value = 0.001); while DSL median nerve was4.87±0.81 ms and 4.1±0.62. Lastly, the DML of the median nerve before and after 3weeks of local treatment was 5.2±1.03 and 4.69±0.54 ms respectively. Conclusion: Pain intensity and electrophysiological factors were considerablyimproved after local treatment dexamethasone acetate injection. Encouraging results have been offered for carpal tunnel syndrome with minimum invasive treatment in pregnant women. Keywords: Carpal tunnel syndrome, Pain intensity, local treatment
Perceptions and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Pakistani Physiotherapists; A Qualitative Insight
Authors: Arslan Hafiz Rana Muhammad , Zafar Anam , Butt Hira Shaukat , Zafar Lubna , Jafar Fatima
Published: September 2021

Objectives: In depth exploration of perceptions of physiotherapist regarding the prevalent conspiracy theories about the COVID-19 and its vaccine and assess their willingness to get vaccinated. Methods: A qualitative research method was adapted to gain a keen insight into vaccine hesitancy in physiotherapist. Ground theory was used as a framework to develop a semi- structured questionnaire guided to conduct in-depth interviews. Results: Most participants believed that SARS-CoV-2 is a natural virus that causes a disease just like other viruses and it is absurd to believe that the vaccine is being used by foreign powers for the implantation of microchips just to control humans. Many physiotherapist believed that pharmaceutical companies might be hiding some important information on coronavirus to promote the sale of their product. Majority of participants believed that the government should enforce everyone to get coronavirus vaccine. All the participants showed some doubts on the reliability and trust worthiness on the COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy data. All but one participant showed willingness to get coronavirus vaccine if it is to be provided free of cost. Majority of participants considered adverse reaction, cost of vaccine, and limited data on safety and efficacy profile of coronavirus Vaccine an important hindrance to their final decision on getting vaccine. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a major hindrance to our current fight against coronavirus pandemic. Stakeholders must consider this ongoing vaccination campaign as an unprecedented opportunity to formulate required interventions that will help reduce vaccine hesitancy among Pakistani physiotherapist. Key terms: COVID-19, Vaccine, Hesitancy, Pakistan, Physiotherapist
Prevalence of Second Mesio-Buccal (Mb2) Canal in Permanent Maxillary First Molar
Authors: Sarwar Huma , Naeem Meshal Muhammad , Raza Syed Ali , Faheem Sanam , Shaikh Amir Akbar , Mushtaque Ujala
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of second mesio-buccal canal in permanent maxillary first molars. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration: Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi during the period from February 2020 to January 2021 Patients and Methods: Three hundred and fifty cases of both genders were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 18-60years. Patients’ detailed demographics including age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking written consent. Local anesthesia was given for isolation of rubber dam. The pulp chamber floor was clearly visualized and the access cavity was ready. The location of the MB2 channel in three phases was done. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Mean age of the patients were 30.14±17.47 years with mean BMI 25.61±8.25 kg/m2. Among 350 cases, Majority of the patients 225 (64.3%) were male while the rest 125 (35.7%) were females. Majority of the patients were from age group 20-30 years and less patients were between 51-60 years old. Frequency of second mesiobuccal canal was found in 280 (80%) patients. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that prevalence of MB2 channel was reported in 80% in the initially permanent maxillary molars. Most MB2 canal apertures are distal from the main MB channel and most MB2 apertures are palatal. Key words: Permanent maxillary first molar, MB2 canals, Frequency
A Study on Serum Uric Acid Level in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Samin Kashif Ali , Ullah Khalil , Shah Muhammad Ikram , Ansari Abidamateen , Khalil Sadia , Saeed Maryam
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases, particularly diabetes are increasing rapidly in Pakistan, the prevalence has reached 17.1%. A strong association has been witnessed between type II diabetes mellitus with atherosclerosis and serum uric acid level. The current study aim was to assess the levels of serum uric acid in type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 85 diagnosed patients of type II diabetes mellitus in Diabetes hospital, Peshawar and the Department of General Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore during the period from March 2020 to August 2020.Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosed patients 85 and healthy control 30 were evaluated in this study. The level of hyperuricemia was defined for women > 6 mg/dl and men >7 mg/dl in men. Results: In this study, a total of 85 diabetic diagnosed patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. No significant differences were there in the baseline characteristics like anthropometric and socio-demographic parameters. The mean age for diagnosed and control cases was 58.6±8.7 and 56.5±7.6 years with an age range of 40 and 80 years. Hyperuricemia proportion among diabetic patients was 12.13% while none of the control cases had hyperuricemia. The uric acid means level increased from 4.29±0.81 mg/dl with a diabetic duration between 3 and 4 years to 4.59±0.99 mg/dl with a diabetic duration of 5 to 7 years. Furthermore, mean serum uric acid level reached 6.50±1.08 in cases with diabetic duration 8 to 12 years. Statistically, a significant association was found between diabetic duration and serum uric acid. Also, a positive correlation was found in hyperlipidemia, serum uric acid levels, and hypertension. Conclusion: In diabetic patients serum uric acid levels were found to be significantly higher. Diabetic patients had hypertension, elevated serum uric acid levels, and high triglycerides with dyslipidemia. The rise in serum uric acid levels is proportional to the duration of diabetes. Keywords: Serum uric acid, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hypertension
Relationship between Maternal Hemoglobin Concentration to the Newborn Cord Blood Hemoglobin and Serum Concentration
Authors: Muhammad Samreen Fakeer , Baloch Parigul , Akbar Shakeel , Ali Safia Ewaz , Saeed Shazia , Shoaib Maryam
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the mean cord blood hemoglobin and ferritin concentration in newborn of anemic mothers. Study Design: Cross sectional Place and Duration: Gynae & Obs department of Dow University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan during the period from January, 2018 to July, 2019. Methodology: A total of 100 anemic pregnant women as per inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. Cord blood sample (5ml) was obtained by sterile needle puncture immediately after cord clamping. 2ml will collected in EDTA bottle for full blood count analysis and 3ml collected in plain bottle for serum ferritin analysis. Final outcome was recorded on approved proforma. Results: The average age of the patients was 29.33±3.23 years. Mean cord blood hemoglobin and ferritin concentration in newborn of anemic mothers was 14.78±1.62 g/dl and 94.10±67.47 u/ml. Conclusion: We found that average hemoglobin of the women recruited in our study was 9.59±0.815 g/dl however we could find no correlation between mean cord blood hemoglobin and ferritin concentration in newborn of anemic mothers. Key Words: Cord blood Hemoglobin, Ferritin, Anemic mothers
Frequency of Decompensation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Child Pugh Class A Undergoing Trans Arterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Khan Bahawal , Ullah Asmat , Jabbar Sadia , Kakar Mirwais , Ahmed Bilal , Ullah Inayat
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of decompensation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Child Pugh Class A undergoing trans arterial Chemoembolization. Study Design: Descriptive case series Place &Duration: Study was conducted at gastroenterology department with collaboration of interventional radiologists Gambat Institute of Medical Science's Khairpur for six months during the time period of November 2020 to April 2021. Methodology: 218 patients of either sex with hepatocellular carcinoma presenting to Gastroenterology Department fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. TACE involved injection of a chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin) mixed with lipoidol into selectively or super selectively catheterized branches of the arteries feeding the tumor followed by injection of gel foam particles to reinforce the effect of the treatment. Data was used to calculate incidence of decompensation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Child Pugh Class A undergoing transarterial Chemoembolization. Results: The frequency of decompensation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Child Pugh Class A undergoing transarterial Chemoembolization was 9.2%. Conclusion: We conclude frequency of decompensation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Child Pugh Class A undergoing transarterial Chemoembolization was 9.2%. Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensation, chemoembolization
Surgical management and Outcomes of Depressed Skull Fractures
Authors: Ali Haider , Mushtaq Mohammad , Haq Naeem ul , Ullah Muhammad Anwar , Ali Saqib , Shah Anwar
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the outcomes of surgical management in patients presented with depressed skull fractures. Study Design:Prospective Study Place and Duration of Study: Conducted at Neurosurgery department of Mardan Medical Complex/ Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan during the period from 16th January 2019 to 15thJanuary 2020. Methodology: 65patients of both genders with ages were 10 to 60 year were included in this study. Patients were aged between 12-70 years of age. After taking informed written consent from all patient’s/parent/guardians, detailed demographics age, gender,body mass index cause of fracture, type of fracture and site of fracture wererecorded. CT scan was performed on all patients.Depressed fracture of more than 5 mm, cosmetically disfiguring fractures and fracture over the sinuses were operated. Patients were held under examination for 12-weeks.Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was used for final outcome. Data was analyzed by SPSS 27.0. Results:Out of all the patients, male patients were 45(69.23%) and female patients were 20 (30.76%). 35(53.85%) with ages <30, 20(30.76%) with ages 30 to 50 and 10(15.38%) with ages >50 were reordered in study. Mean body mass index was 20.04±3.14 kg/m2.The most common cause of the injury was road traffic accident 45(69.23%) followed by fall from the height 20 (30.76%). 40(61.53%)were compound fracture and 25 (38.46%) were closed fracture. 55 (87.5%) cases were treated surgically and 10 (12.5%) patients were treated conservatively. 45(69.23%) patients were completely recovered, 10 (12.5%) were moderately disabled and 7(10.77%) were severely disabled and 3(4.61%) were died. Conclusion:If treated promptly most of the cases of compound depress skull fracture revealed good results but outcomes of the depress skull fracture revealed contingent severity of injury and absence or presence of intracranial lesion. Key words: Depressed skull fracture, Non-missile injuries, Compund skull fracture, conservative management
Study of Lipid Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Ahmad Rashid , Ullah Khalil , Shaheen Ghazala , Shah Muhammad Ikram , Fuaad Muazzam , Bilal Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Premature atherosclerosis and increased prevalence of cardiovascular mortality are significantly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The CKD risk factors contribute to cardiovascular and atherogenesis disease. Anemia, inflammation, vascular calcification, lack of physical activity, lipid disorders, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress are various risk-induced factors for CKD patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate or assess the lipid profile in chronic kidneys disease. Place and Duration of Study: Conducted at Medicine department of Lady Reading hospital, Peshawar and Pak International Medical College, Peshawar for duration of six months between November 2020 and April 2021. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 70 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an age range of 18 and 65 years. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. A Control group of 70 patients of similar age and sex were enrolled in this study. Lipid profile and collection of blood specimen were managed from both groups were taken. Other parameters such as PPBS, creatinine, FBS, and blood urea results were compared for both groups. Results: The overall mean age of the study group patients was 42.4±11.5 years while the control group's mean age was 51.6±9.8 years. The prevalence of CKD patients was high 17 (24%) in the age range of 30-40 years. The prevalence of Dyslipidemia parameters such as High TC, High TG, High VLDL-C, HIGH LDL-C and low HDL-C was 49.8%, 66.7%, 67%, 42.5%, and 72.9% respectively. Overall dyslipidemia prevalence was 81.7%. Significant decrease in HDL-C while the increase in TG and VLDL-C was reported. On comparing hypertension comorbid conditions with triglyceride, HDL, and VLDL statistical significance was found. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. Conclusion: A significant amount of dyslipidemia is found in CKD patients. As a result, treating dyslipidemia will reduce mortality in CKD patients. Patients with CKD are predisposed to accelerated atherosclerosis, which increases the risk of CVD. The presence of an atherogenic lipid profile in CKD is confirmed by this study. Keywords: CKD, Lipid Profile, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia
Comparison of Severity of Symptoms and Outcome among Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Covid 19 Patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Gul Wali , Samin Kashif Ali , Ahmad Rashid , Ullah Khalil , Mehnaz Gul , Ahmed Ashfaq
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the severity of symptoms and outcomes among vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID 19 patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Study Design: A Retrospective/ Comparative study Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Medicine department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar and DHQ Category A Hospital, Batkhela for duration of six months between December 2020 and May 2021. Methods: Total 170 patients of both genders had coronavirus disease were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 20-80 years. Demographical details of patients including age, sex, body mass index, residency and socio-economic status were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were admitted in COVID 19 ward. There were 70 vaccinated patients in group I and 100 non-vaccinated patients in group II. Co-morbidities among both groups were assessed. Effectiveness and outcomes among both groups were calculated in terms of mortality and reduction in severity of disease. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0 version. Results: There were 114 (67.1%) patients were males (50 in group I and 64 in group II) and 56 (32.4%) were females (28 in each group). Mean age of the vaccinated patients was 49.16 ±8.55 years with mean BMI 33.16 ±4.64 kg/m2 and in group II mean age was 47.18 ±4.77 years with mean BMI 31.12±12.73 kg/m2.Among 70 cases of group I, 40 (57.1%) were fully vaccinated and 30 (42.9%) patients received their first dose. 50 (71.4%) were educated in group I and in group II 46 (46%) patients were literate. Co-morbidities were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischaemic heart and chronic lung disease. Effectiveness among patients of group I was greater 55 (78.6%) as compared to non-vaccinated 36 (36%). Frequency of adverse outcomes hospitalization 10 (10%), ICU admission 14 (14%) and mortality 40 (40%) among non-vaccinated patients were significantly higher as compared to vaccinated patients in which hospitalization 3 (4.3%), ICU admission 2 (2.9%) and mortality was found in 10 (14.3%) cases. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that vaccination against coronavirus disease was effective and helpful for the reduction in severity of the disease. Except this the frequency of adverse outcomes (hospitalization, ICU admission and mortality) can be minimized by vaccination and there is need to give awareness among people to get vaccinated early. Keywords: COVID 19, Vaccination, Pandemic, Mortality
Sesamol ameliorates acute kidney injury resulting from complete unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rats
Authors: Uyeturk Ugur , Çetinkaya Ayhan , Bostanci Emre , Erimsah Sevilay , Ozturk Hayrettin
Published: September 2021

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sesamol in preventing the progressive renal damage caused by complete unilateral ureter obstruction (CUUO). Methods: Twenty four Wistar rats were separated into three groups: In the group 1 rats (the sham-control, n = 8), the ureters were exposed and manipulated, but not ligated. In the group 2 rats (CUUO-untreated, n=8), CUOO was accomplished by double-ligating the left ureter using 5-0 silk ties. In the group 3 rats (CUUO -Sesamol treated, n=8), CUOO was created as in the Group 2 rats, also given sesamol daily, commencing on the day of CUUO surgery. The rats’ left kidneys were examined histologically and biochemically within the 8th day Results: Histopathological total score, apoptotic index and MDA values in the group 2 show a significant increase when compared to the group 1. These values were significantly decreased in the group 3 rats when compared to the group 2 rats. Tissue GPx value in the group 2 show a significant decrease when compared to Sham-control group. However, these values were significantly increased in the group 3 rats when compared to the rats 2. Polymorph nuclear leukocyte infiltration in peritubular areas was observed in group II, with moderate interstitial fibrosis and tubular dilatation. Despite the presence of dilated tubule structures in group III, this group showed less bleeding, leukocyte infiltration, and fibrosis than group II. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that CUOO-induced renal damage can be reduced using sesamol, possibly due to its antioxidant properties. The mechanism by which sesamol causes these effects merits further investigation. Keywords: Complete unilateral ureteral obstruction, renal damage, sesamol, oxidative stress, rat.
Physical Activity and Life Quality in Patients with Asthma and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ivanchuk YU. S. , Tribuntсeva L.V. , Budnevsky A.V. , Ostroushko N.I. , Shkatova YA. S. , Tokmachev R.E. , Savushkina I.A.
Published: September 2021

Background. Physical activity is associated with better asthma control and life quality in asthma. Osteoarthritis is one of the less studied comorbidities in asthmatic patients. Methods. The study included 38 patients diagnosed with asthma, 65 patients with asthma and osteoarthritis, and 40 volunteers who did not suffer from asthma and osteoarthritis. During the study, 3 groups were formed: Group 1 consisted of patients with asthma; Group 2 included patients with both asthma and osteoarthritis, Control group consisted of volunteers. Spirometry, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), Asthma Control Test (АСТ) were used in asthmatic patients. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in its short from was filled by all the participants. Results. Both Group 1 and Group 2 did not engage in vigorous physical activity. Median of MET-min/week total (1825) was significantly less in Group 2 compared with Control and Group 1 (p=0.0000 and p=0.0169, respectively). MET-min/week total had positive correlations with ACT (r=0.50, p<0.05), AQLQ(S) total (r=0.58, p<0.05), AQLQ(S) activity domain (r=0.28, p<0.05), AQLQ(S) emotions domain (r=0.24, p<0.05), AQLQ (S) symptoms domain (r=0.34, p<0.05), FVC (r=0,28, p<0.05), FEV1 (r=0,37, p<0.05), Index Tiffno (r=0,18, p<0.05). Minutes/week sitting time had a negative correlation with ACT values (r=-0.33, p<0.05), AQLQ(S) total values (r=-0.39, p<0.05). Conclusion. Patients with asthma and osteoarthritis spend significantly less time on moderate activity, walking compared with asthmatics not suffering from osteoarthritis; they avoid vigorous activity. Higher physical activity is associated with better life quality, asthma control and lung function, thus paying attention to osteoarthritis in asthmatic patients is crucial. Key words: life quality, physical activity, asthma, osteoarthritis
The Preventive Effects of two Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Shivering in Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Nazemroaya Behzad , Heydari Samira
Published: September 2021

Introduction: One of the side effects caused by spinal anesthesia is seizures of impaired body temperature regulation, which in addition to causing concern for the mother, can lead to problems such as cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. This has led to the choice of the appropriate drug to reduce shivering, with the least neonatal and maternal side effects in cesarean section. The main purpose of this study was to compare the prophylactic effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine at two different doses for cesarean section induced shivering under spinal anesthesia. Methods: This article is a double blind randomized clinical trial study performed in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Alzahra and Shahid Beheshti). The target population of the study was pregnant women with indication of cesarean section. In this study 60 pregnant women were divided into three groups. In the first group patients were injected with 2.5 mg / kg dexmedetomidine, in the second group patients with 5 mg / kg dexmedetomidine and in the third group with similar volume, normal saline was injected and the shivering intensity in patients with the use of Grassi and Mahajan criteria was evaluated. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and Kruskal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA tests. Results: According to the statistical analysis of the data, after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia, shivering intensity in the 5mg / kg dexmedetomidine group was lower than in the 2.5mg group and less than the control group. Normal saline was given as prophylaxis. Conclusion: Intravenous dexmedetomidine, especially at a dose of 5 μg / kg, has a significant effect on reducing postoperative shivering by cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, Shivering, Cesarean section, Spinal anesthesia
Contaminant acrylamide in food: toxicity, detection methods, mitigation measures and risk assessment for humans
Authors: Huang Chaoming , Jiang Shisheng , Yang Yantianyu , Gao Shuhan , Lin Zihan , Gu Wei , Yan Tingdong , Cai Yi
Published: September 2021

Food safety is related to all aspects of human life, and the quality of food has a profound impact on people's lives and health. Acrylamide is a chemical pollutant produced by the Maillard reaction in baked goods such as potato chips, bread, and cookies. Studies have shown that acrylamide has neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and hepatosplenic toxicity in humans. However, the carcinogenicity of acrylamide in humans is still controversial, and it is unclear whether there is a significant correlation between human exposure to acrylamide and cancer incidence. This review aims to explore the latest research on the human health hazards of acrylamide and prevent or reduce the hazards of acrylamide to humans by detection methods, risk assessment, and mitigation measures to ensure people's food safety.
EMERGENCE OF BENZOTHIAZOLE AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS A POTENTIAL ANTIDIABETIC PROBE
Authors: Bainsal Neeraj , Singh Jitender , Thakur Aman
Published: September 2021

Development of drugs against diabetes has always remained a big challenge among the medicinal chemists around the globe because of its continuously increasing prevalence worldwide. The emergence of benzothiazole as a prominent lead against diabetes is credited to the development of the aldose reductase inhibitor, Zopolrestat. Since then, there has been a continuous effort to develop benzothiazole derivatives as potential antidiabetic probes, especially in the last two decades. Use of computer aided drug designing tools such as molecular docking and pharmacophore modelling have also played a crucial role in the exploration of efficacy of benzothiazole against other targets for diabetes. In this review, possible targets for benzothiazole against diabetes will be discussed with the brief role each target plays in maintaining the normal blood glucose level in the body. A trend analysis of the emergence of different inhibitors over various intervals of time along with the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of benzothiazole as antidiabetic probe is incorporated in the end of the study.
Syngas Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Testing of Fracture Type Subbituminous Coal in Laboratory Scale
Authors: Lesmana Joniken , Hasan Abu , Syarief Aida
Published: September 2021

Underground Coal Gasification is a method used to convert underground coal seams into a gaseous product commonly called synthetic gas through a flammable chemical process without going through a conventional mining process. The UCG concept was first developed in England which was then continued by the Soviet Union in field trials of UCG which was used as a power plant. In Indonesia, Tekmira has begun to research UCG, but there are very few publications on UCG. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on laboratory scale UCG for analysis of gas products to support the study of renewable energy. UCG testing begins with sample preparation followed by laboratory-scale coal gasification testing. There is a sample of coal used in the test, namely Subbituminous Coal from Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra. Initial combustion is carried out by flowing propane gas into the reactor tube using a burner. Furthermore, a mixture of oxygen gas and compressed air is used to keep the coals burning. After obtaining the gas from the combustion, then gas sampling is carried out using a suction pump which will be stored in a tedlar gas bag. Combustion gas products will be checked for syngas concentration using a Gas Chromatography tool to determine the concentration of CH4, CO2 and O2 gases. From the tests that have been carried out, the gas concentrations of O2 are 3.67%, CO2 41.51%, and CH4 6.93%. Coal in the confined test conditions has good conditions with indications of seeing the concentration of CH4, O2, and CO2 gas.
Conditional and Unconditional Deterministic Bounds on the MSE of the Non-Uniform Linear Co-centered Orthogonal Loop and Dipole Array
Authors: Bao Tao , EL KORSO Mohammed Nabil
Published: September 2021

The co-centered orthogonal loop and dipole (COLD) array exhibits some interesting properties, which makes it ubiquitous in the context of polarized source localization. In the literature, one can find a plethora of estimation schemes adapted to the COLD array. Nevertheless, their ultimate performance in terms the so-called threshold region of mean square error (MSE), have not been fully investigated. In order to fill this lack, we focus, in this paper, on conditional and unconditional bounds that are tighter than the well known Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB). More precisely, we give some closed form expressions of the McAulay-Hofstetter, the Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins, the McAulaySeidman bounds and the recent Todros-Tabrikian bound, for both the conditional and unconditional observation model. Finally, numerical examples are provided to corroborate the theoretical analysis and to reveal a number of insightful properties.
HPLC Method Development for the Fast Separation of a Complex Explosive Mixture
Authors: BOULESNAM Benmalek , HAMI Fahima , TRACHE Djalal , AHMED ZAID Toudert
Published: September 2021

The growing threat of terrorism in many parts of the world has called for the urgent need to find rapid and reliable means of analyzing explosives. This is in view to help forensic scientists to identify different swabs from post-blast debris. The present study aims to achieve an efficient separation and identification of a mixture of sixteen explosive compounds (including nitroaromatics, nitramines, and nitrate esters) by high performance liquid chromatography using a diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-120 C18 column at two wavelengths (235 and 214 nm). Relevant chromatographic parameters such as capacity factors, resolution, selectivity and number of theoretical plates have been optimized in order to achieve the best separation of the different components. In this respect, the effects of various parameters such as gradient time, column temperature, flow rate of mobile phase and initial percentage organic mobile phase on the separation of these compounds were investigated. It was revealed that the method allowed a fairly acceptable separation of all the compounds in less than 15 minutes except for two isomers, namely 4-A-2,6-DNT, 2-A-4,6-DNT and 2,6- DNT which could not be resolved by the used C18 column. This shortcoming notwithstanding, the developed method produced satisfactory results and demonstrated sensitive and robust separation, furthermore indicating that the HPLC developed method can be both fast and efficient for the analysis of complex mixtures of explosive compounds.
Vibration Signal Parameter Estimation in Variable Speed: Algorithms and performance bounds
Authors: Abbadi Ali , Capdessus Cécile , Abed-meraim Karim , Sekko Edgard
Published: September 2021

Vibration signal parameter estimation for rotating machinery diagnostics operating under variable speedconditions is considered. At first, we provide a brief survey of existing methods for Quadratic Phase Signal (QPS)parameter estimation. Then, we introduce improved solutions for the general QPS case and the Order QPS (O-QPS)case, respectively. For all considered cases (namely the QPS, O-QPS with tachometer and O-QPS without tachometer),we develop the Cramer Rao Bounds to assess and compare the estimation performance limits for each model. Finally, wecompare the performance of all considered methods and highlight, in particular, the gain of the proposed solutions.
2-D Steady-State Heat Transfer Prediction in Rotating Electrical Machines Taking into account Materials Anisotropy: Thermal Resistances Network, Exact Analytical and Hybrid Methods
Authors: Boughrara Kamel , Dubas Frédéric
Published: September 2021

This paper presents two-dimensional (2-D) thermal resistances network (TRNM), exact analytical (AM) and hybrid (HM) methods for calculating steady-state temperature and heat flux distribution in rotating electrical machines considering materials anisotropy (i.e., different thermal conductivities in both directions). They are based on the thermal equivalent circuit (TEC), the improved exact subdomain (SD) technique where the solution and thermal conductivities depend on both directions (r, theta) and the coupling between the two methods. TRNM is known as a semi-analytical method that can predict the heat transfer in the machine in less time than finite element method (Fem). The implementation of TRNM by considering the difference between the thermalconductivities in (r, theta) using its equivalence with Fem is presented. The SD technique is improved to consider the difference between thermal conductivities in the directions (r, theta). It is known that the SD technique with non-homogeneous boundary conditions (BCs) is very sensitive to the dimensions of SDs where the harmonics number and the accuracy are lower in small subdomains. Hence, the HM from the TRNM and AM is given to answer these inaccuracies especially in electrical machines with a high number of stator slots and rotor poles. The heat sources are volumetric power losses due to hysteresis, eddy-current, Joule losses and windage losses in all the regions of the machine obtained by a simplified method. The studied problem is conductive with conductive interface conditions (ICs) and convective heat transfer between the machine and the external air and at the rotor internal air. The semi-analytical results are compared between them as well as with those obtained by Fem.
Non-conventional Band-notched UWB Antenna Design Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Fertas Khelil , Tebache Soufiane , Fertas Fouad , Aksas Rabia
Published: September 2021

In this paper, an improved applied approach based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) for antenna design is presented. It is basically useful to overcome electromagnetic interferences in UWB applications. First, an antenna in the range 2.8 - 20 GHz including UWB band was designed by using GA, then the undesired WiMAX band (3.5-3.8GHz) is rejected by optimizing appropriate Defected Ground Structure (DGS) filter. The proposed non-conventional filter consists of a matrix of rectangular cell shapes where each one is allocated by presence or absence of metal. The process is implemented in CST software using visual basic script. The method overcomes difficulties of conventional design. Furthermore, the optimized shape can be automatically obtained without appealing expert designers. Simulated and measured results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.
Surface EMG signal segmentation based on HMM modelling: Application on Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bengacemi Hichem , Hacine Gharbi Abdenour , Ravier Philippe , Abed-Meraim Karim , Buttelli Olivier
Published: September 2021

The study of burst electromyographic (EMG) activity periods during muscles contraction and relaxation is an important and challenging problem. It can find several applications like movement patterns analysis, human locomotion analysis and neuromuscular pathologies diagnosis such as Parkinson disease. This paper proposes a new frame work for detecting the onset (start) / offset (end) of burst EMG activity by segmenting the EMG signal in regions of muscle activity (AC) and non activity (NAC) using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for feature extraction and the Hidden Markov Models (HMM) for regions classification in AC and NAC classes. The objective of this work is to design an efficient segmentation system of EMG signals recorded from Parkinsonian group and control group (healthy). The results evaluated on ECOTECH project database using principally the Accuracy (Acc) and the error rate (Re) criterion show highest performance by using HMM models of 2 states associated with GMM of 3 Gaussians, combined with LWE (Log Wavelet decomposition based Energy) descriptor based on Coiflet wavelet mother with decomposition level of 4. A comparative study with state of the art methods shows the efficiency of our approach that reduces the mean error rate by a factor close to 2 for healthy subjects and close to 1.3 for Parkinsonian subjects.
Fullers Earth Treatment for Esters Liquids used in Power Apparatuses: Inferences and Arguments
Authors: Fofana Issouf , Bergeron Yohan , Gagnon Marie-Pier , Tremblay Jonathan , Loiselle Luc , Yapi Kouba Marie Lucia , Ungarala Mohan Rao
Published: September 2021

Insulating Liquids are widely used for their electrical and thermal properties in power apparatuses, particularly at the level of liquid-filled transformers. With the shift in engineering aspects towards sustainable development, it is important to find a sustainable solution with ecofriendly nature. Therefore, alternative (biodegradable) liquids are of high importance in the global transformer communities. In the present study, the alternative dielectric fluids (ester-based) feasibility for potential regeneration with Fuller’s earth is investigated. The experimental results are confined to the reclamation temperature as well as the ratio of Fuller's earth (the sorbent) and the liquid. A suitable laboratory treatment apparatus is designed and is adopted in this study. Promising measurements to comment on the effectiveness of the treatment have been performed at controlled treatment temperature and sorbent-liquid ratio with the ASTM 7150-13 as a reference norm.The results of this study allowed 80°C and 1 g/30 ml as affirmative conditions for the present experimental conditions. Diagnostic measurements include turbidity, particle counter, and UV spectrophotometry before and after treatments. It is inferred that fuller’s earth is not a promising sorbent for the reclamation of ester liquids.
Generalized Givens Rotations Applied to Complex Joint Eigenvalue Decomposition
Authors: Mesloub Ammar
Published: September 2021

This paper shows the different ways of using generalized Givens rotations in complex joint eigenvaluedecomposition (JEVD) problem. It presents the different schemes of generalized Givens rotation, justifies the introducedapproximations and focuses on the process of extending an algorithm developed for real JEVD to the complex JEVD.Several Joint Diagonalization problem use generalized Givens rotations to achieve the solution, many algorithmsdeveloped in the real case exist in the literature and are not generalized to the complex case. Hence, we show herein asimple and not trivial way to get the complex case from the real one. Simulation results are provided to highlight theeffectiveness and behaviour of the proposed techniques for different scenarios.
Transient impedance of grounding system with impulse superimposed sinewave
Authors: Ghoneim Sherif , Elmorshedy Ahdab , Amer Rabah
Published: September 2021

Investigating the transient performance of grounding systems subject to lightning (impulse or impulse superimposed sinewave) is valuable for protecting the power system and maintaining the system operation. In this work, the grounding system's impedance is computed when an impulse superimposed sinewave is applied to the grounding grid's proposed lumped circuit and grounding system can be simulated as an inductance in series with resistance, and all of them are in parallel with capacitance based on Thione's assumption. Several variables were investigated to study their effects on the grounding system's behavior. The variables were the soil resistivity, soil permittivity, main wire length, grid conductor radius, grid side length, grid configurationand its mesh number. The grounding system configuration  varied between square and rectangular shapes, which connects to the protecting rod via the main wire conductor. A 3.69 kA peak of impulse current was applied to avoid soil ionization. The results indicated the performance of the grounding system when subjecting to impulse current.
Challenges for Future Flexible Electric Power Systems
Authors: Feliachi Ali
Published: September 2021

This paper describes some of the challenges that face the operation of future electric power systems. These systems are becoming more flexible and agile. Their physical structures and connections are continuously changing as microgrids, electric vehicles, and other generation and storage devices are connected/disconnected from the grid, which result in new challenges for the operation, management, and control of the systems of the future that incorporate active participation of the consumers, and high penetration of intermittent nature renewable resources such as wind and solar.
Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Modal dan Kebijakan Deviden Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di BEI
Authors: Setiawati
Published: September 2021

Nilai perusahaan diproksikan dengan harga saham yang bertindak sebagai barometer kinerja manajemen perusahaan.  Naik turunnya harga saham di pengaruhi banyak faktor diantaranya adalah struktur modal dan kebijakan deviden. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis pengaruh struktur modal dan kebijakan deviden terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan  penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dan penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu perusahaan-perusahaan manufaktur yang menerbitkan dan mempublikasikan laporan keuangan tahunan pada tahun 2017-2019 serta perusahaan yang membayar dividen selama tahun pengamatan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dan verifikatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur modal tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Sementara itu, kebijakan deviden berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur di Bursa Efek.
Employee Performance View of Human Relations and Rewards
Authors: Marlinda
Published: September 2021

This research aims to analyze influence the performance of JNE employees is seen from human relations and rewards in Pekanbaru. The research was conducted by means of descriptive analysis method and the sample used was all employees of JNE Pekanbaru, totaling 60 respondents using the census method or saturated sample. The analysis technique used by researchers is multiple linear regression analysis carried out with technology, namely using SPSS, 20. The results of the study state that the human relation variable partially has a positive and significant influence on the performance of JNE Pekanbaru employees, namely the t-count is greater than the t-table, while the reward partially also has a positive and significant effect on the performance results of JNE Pekanbaru employees t- calculate the size of the t-Table. Then after testing simultaneously it was found that human relations and rewards have a positive and significant effect on the performance of JNE Pekanbaru employees, namely 53.4% and 46.6% influenced by other variables not examined.
Impact Of Training On The Performance Of School Teachers
Authors: Syafrina Nova
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of training on teacher performance at SMK Negeri Pertanian Terpadu, Riau Province. This research was conducted at Integrated Agriculture State Vocational School, Riau Province. This research was SMK Negeri Integrated Agriculture, Riau Province. sample in this study took the entire population, namely 89 people. The results based on hypothesis testing can be stated that training has a significant effect on performance. It is known that the contribution of training to performance is 37.7%, the rest is explained by variations in variables that do not exist in this study.