bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencias de mujeres estudiantes en educación física: una revisión sistemática 2002-2022 (Experiences of female students in physical education: a systematic review 2002-2022)
Authors: May Irigoyen Cinthia , Mijangos Noh Juan Carlos
Published: March 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar las características de las investigaciones que abordan las experiencias de mujeres estudiantes en el ámbito de la Educación Física. Para lograrlo, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática que partió de una selección inicial de 196 artículos, culminando en un corpus final de 24 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. La recopilación de estudios se realizó en la base de datos abierta de ERIC, y en las bases de datos cerradas de SocINDEX, Academic Search Ultimate y Education Source a través de EBSCO, así como en Web of Science. Los resultados bibliométricos revelan que la producción científica en este campo es escasa durante el período abarcado por la revisión. La mayor parte de la producción se concentra en Estados Unidos e Inglaterra. En cuanto a los resultados cualitativos, se determinó que las experiencias en las clases de Educación Física están influenciadas por el género, y la gran mayoría de mujeres informaron haber tenido vivencias negativas. En conclusión, se evidencia la necesidad de continuar investigando y abordando las experiencias de las mujeres estudiantes en Educación Física, con el fin de comprender mejor los factores que influyen en sus vivencias y promover entornos inclusivos y equitativos en esta área, fomentando así la participación y el bienestar de las mujeres en las clases de Educación Física.
Palabras clave: Educación Física, mujeres estudiantes, educación de mujeres, género.
Abstract. The aim of this study is to analyse the characteristics of research that addresses the experiences of female students in the field of Physical Education. To achieve this, a systematic review was conducted, starting with an initial selection of 196 articles, resulting in a final corpus of 24 articles that met the established inclusion criteria. The collection of studies was conducted in the open ERIC database, as well as in the closed databases of SocINDEX, Academic Search Ultimate, and Education Source through EBSCO, as well as in Web of Science. The bibliometric results reveal that scientific production in this field is still in its early stages during the reviewed period. Most of the production is concentrated in the United States and England. Regarding the qualitative results, it was determined that most experiences in Physical Education classes are influenced by gender, with a large majority of women reporting negative experiences. In conclusion, there is a clear need to continue researching and addressing the experiences of female students in Physical Education in order to get a better understanding of the factors that influence their experiences and promote inclusive and equitable environments in this area, encouraging the participation and well-being of women in Physical Education classes.
Key words: (Physical Education), (women students), (women’s education), (gender issues).
The Relationship Between Maximum Lower Limb Strength & Power, and GPS Acceleration Speed in Elite U20 Gaelic Football Athletes
Authors: O'Driscoll Michael , Mooney Tommy , Sweeney Liam
Published: March 2024

Previous research indicates positive relationships between high levels of lower limb strength and power, and acceleration sprint velocity in team sport athletes. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between lower limb absolute and relative strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and Global Positioning System (GPS) recorded 20m acceleration sprint velocity in elite male U-20 Gaelic football athletes. Nineteen athletes (19.0 ± 0.5 years; 81.1 ± 5.5 kg; 182 ± 6.2 cm) from the same elite U-20 squad participated in this study during an in-season period. Subjects performed a >95% 1RM box squat, a 20m sprint test, and a CMJ test. Relative maximum lower limb strength (r = 0.54, 95% CI [0.11 to 0.8]; p < 0.05) and CMJ height (r = 0.66, 95% CI [0.29 to 0.86]; p < 0.001) showed strong correlations with 20m sprint velocity. A multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that lower limb maximum relative strength and CMJ height significantly predicted 20m sprint velocity (Adjusted R2 = 0.51, F (2, 16) = 6.29, p < 0.05). These findings provide evidence for the importance of elite under-age Gaelic football athletes acquiring high levels of lower limb strength and power characteristics to enhance acceleration sprint performance.
Development of Augmented Reality Book Learning Media Based on Assemblr Edu Material on Body Organs for Class V Students at SDN Curahgrinting 3 Probolinggo
Authors: Rizqiyah Anifatur , Sriwijayanti Ribut Prastiwi , Jannah Faridahtul , Zakaria Abd Razak
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This research aims to develop an Augmented Reality Book based on Assemblr Edu as teaching material to support science learning, Body Organs material for class V students, which is still not available because the material contains abstract concepts and makes it difficult for students to understand science learning. Methods: The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. This research was carried out in class V of SDN Curahgrinting 3 Probolinggo. 4 class V students were tested on a small scale and 14 class V students of SDN Curahgrinting 3 Probolinggo were tested on a large scale. The instruments used in the research were validation questionnaires from material science experts and media experts as well as pretest and posttest. Results: The results of the research and development that have been carried out obtained (1) the percentage of validation scores for science material experts of 89% with revisions according to suggestions and (2) the percentage of validation scores for media experts of 93% with revisions according to suggestions. These results show that the level of validity of the book developed is declared very valid. The teacher response score percentage results were 94% and the student response test results were: (1) Small scale tests were 89% with very good criteria, and (2) Large scale tests were 93% with very good criteria. criteria, thus the Augmented Reality Book is very good. good for use in learning. The pretest and posttest results show that the Augmented Reality Book learning media based on Assemblr Edu is effective, this is proven by the fact that all class V students can be said to have completed with a percentage of 100% after studying with the Augmented Reality Book media and obtaining the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) score. Conclusion: Augmented Reality Book learning media based on Assemblr Edu Body Organs is stated to be very suitable for use in the classroom learning process and can increase motivation and stimulate student learning activities. The implication is that the use of this learning media can increase student motivation, deepen understanding of concepts, and facilitate the development of technological and collaborative skills.
Educational Strategies to Promote Student Diversity at the Elementary School Level
Authors: Forlin Chris , Kafrawi Shalahuddin
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This research explains the challenges of inclusion in the context of Mexican education policy and how they are addressed in elementary school classrooms. Methods: This research involves an ethnographic analysis of the practices of five teachers in elementary schools in Mexico City, focusing on teachers' perspectives on student diversity, the challenges they face in their daily activities, and the strategies they employ to overcome them. Results: The results of the analysis show that the inclusion approach does not only emerge due to the presence of students with special conditions or certain characteristics, but is also influenced by the teachers' attitudes towards students' difficulties and the efforts they make to advance learning. Despite the observed inclusion of practices, research also identifies the persistent influence of medical and psychological perspectives on student learning, behavior, and difficulties. This research highlights the need to broaden the focus on the work of teaching and create conditions that support inclusive education in the classroom. Conclusion: An inclusive approach to education is not only concerned with students with special needs or certain characteristics; This is also influenced by the teacher's attitude towards student difficulties and the efforts made to improve learning. Teachers' attitudes and actions during teaching also play an important role in promoting inclusivity, although inclusive practices already exist, research shows the ongoing impact of medical and psychological perspectives on students' education, behavior and challenges. Understanding these perspectives is important for overcoming student learning difficulties and promoting more effective and sustainable approaches to inclusion in education. The implications of this research confirm that an inclusive approach to education requires attention to students' needs as well as teachers' attitudes and actions in helping them overcome learning difficulties, with a deep understanding of the long-term impact of medical and psychological perspectives to increase the effectiveness of inclusion in the education system.
The Effect of the P4C Initiative on Primary School Students' Learning and Social Outcomes
Authors: Clarkson Philip , Webster Michael
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study investigated its impact on reading comprehension, math interest, self-esteem, pro-social behavior, and emotional well-being. Methods: This study used a longitudinal time series quasi-experimental design involving an experimental group and a matched comparison group. Participants in this study were two hundred and eighty children (149 intervention group, 131 comparison group) from eight state primary schools in the Southeast Queensland region. The research sample consisted of 48% (n=135) girls and 52% (n=145) boys all in Grade 6 (with an age range of 10-12 years). Results: Results showed improvements in reading comprehension, decreased interest in mathematics and self-esteem, while pro-social behavior and emotional well-being remained unchanged among COI program participants compared to non-participants. Conclusion: The COI philosophical intervention found improvements in reading comprehension but reduced interest in mathematics and self-esteem, with no changes in pro-social behavior and emotional well-being in the Year 6 group of students compared to those who did not receive the COI intervention. The COI's philosophical focus primarily on language may have led to significant increases in reading comprehension over time and significant decreases in interest in mathematics among these Grade 6 participants. Pre-service teachers who aspire to become philosophical COI facilitators need to be encouraged to develop their ability to examine and identify the personal characteristics, beliefs and attitudes that influence the way they think about teaching and learning.
Implementation of Integrity Zones towards Clean Bureaucracy in the Lamandau State
Authors: Adiananto Yudo , Widjajani Roos , Sholahuddin Agus
Published: March 2024

Developing an Integrity Zone as an effort towards a clean and serving bureaucratic area or an area free from corruption faces several challenges. Work units or units such as Corruption Free Areas or Clean and Serving Bureaucratic Areas are intended to become pilot areas for implementing Bureaucratic Reform. Integrity Zones were created to prevent, reduce and eradicate corruption at the central and regional levels. Implementing the Integrity Zone instrument is regulated in the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform Regulation Number 90 of 2021. The Lamandau District Prosecutor's Office, located in Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, has implemented the Integrity Zone, especially regarding public services. One is extraordinary online service and no illegal fees in the administration process. This research aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the integrity zone towards a corruption-free area and a clean bureaucratic area serving the Lamandau District Prosecutor'sOffice. This research uses a qualitative approach with research procedures that produce descriptive data. The research location is at the Lamandau District Prosecutor's Office, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Data sources include primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation; a technique model from Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014) was used for qualitative data analysis. The researchfor data analysis techniques in this researchresults of the research show that all prosecutorial institutions in the Republic of Indonesia, including the Lamandau District Prosecutor's Office, must implement and implement an Integrity Zone towards a Corruption Free Area (WBK) and a clean bureaucratic area serving as guided by the Regulation of the Minister for Empowerment of State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform No. 90 of 2021. Human Resources (HR) aspects at the Lamandau District Prosecutor's Office have foreman resource needs, but there are challenges related to multiple positions and a shortage of experts in the field of Information Technology (IT). The facilities used for operations at the Lamandau District Prosecutor's Office, including buildings, land and other facilities, are considered sufficient even though they are simple. The concrete steps taken by the Lamandau District Prosecutor's Office in implementing the Integrity Zone, namely through the sign ofan inritepact by all employees led directly by the Head of the Lamandau District Prosecutor's Office
Implementation of Limited Company Social Responsibility in the Field of Natural Resources, West Kutai District
Authors: Sopian Agus , Indrayanti Kadek Wiwik , Supriyadi
Published: March 2024

The legal product in the form of a Regent's Regulation issued by the West Kutai Regency Government, which regulates explicitly Guidelines for the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility, is a form of control function over companies operating in the West Kutai Regency area by the West Kutai Regency Government. Based on the description above, this article examines and analyzes the Implementation of the Social Responsibility Obligations of Limited Liability Companies in the Natural Resources Sector Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies in West Kutai Regency and the factors that hinder its implementation. The research method used in this research is an empirical legal research method. Trubaindo Coal Mining, in implementing the Regulations on Limited Liability Company Social Responsibility Obligations in the field of natural resources based on Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies in West Kutai Regency, has implemented the company's corporate social responsibility by the program required by the people of Muara Begai Village. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors that arise in implementing implementation are not being able to distinguish between needs and desires; there are several groups that prioritize personal interests rather than the people at large; of course, this will interfere with the company in grouping the right groups that require Corporate Social Responsibility. The lack of Human Resources cannot be denied as an inhibiting factor, and unforeseen thingssuch as natural disasters and floods make it impossible to carry out scheduled Corporate Social Responsibility programs
Termination of life to relieve their suffering: Malaysian Medical, Legal, and Nursing Perspectives on Euthanasia
Authors: Isaacs Victor , Z.M. Lukman , Norshahira O
Published: March 2024

Euthanasia, a contentious and emotionally charged subject, sparks significant public debate and attracts heightened scrutiny compared to less controversial topics. It garners widespread attention and sparks lively discussions among various stakeholders, including academics, religious scholars, politicians, doctors, lawyers, and nurses, due to its involvement in intentionally ending human lives, albeit for compassionate reasons and with the voluntary consent of the individual. The present study aims to delve into the attitudes of doctors, lawyers, and nurses toward euthanasia and its potential legalization in Malaysia. Employing a survey methodology following established quantitative research protocols, the study administered questionnaires to 719 participants to gather their perspectives and opinions on euthanasia. Participants completed the 21-item Euthanasia Attitude Scale (EAS) questionnaire. Data analysis, conducted using SPSS version 29.0, measured data variables through mean, median, and standard deviation. The study revealed a high level of reliability among the variables, with Cronbach's Alpha values of 0.857 for EAS and 0.952 for reasons regarding euthanasia legalization. Pearson's correlation results fell within the range of 0.570 to 0.642, indicating a moderate and positive relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The study found that 64.3% of respondents held opposing viewson euthanasia legalization, while 35.7% believed it should be legalized. Primary reasons for opposing legalization included religious beliefs (56.9%), concerns about public corruption (56.2%), and the belief in the sanctity of human life, with no one having the authority to end it (54.9%). Among those in favour of euthanasia legalization, 52.2% viewed it as a compassionate and humane means to alleviate the suffering of terminally ill individuals. The relatively small sample size underscores the necessity for diverse input in future research on euthanasia legalization. These findings underscore the ongoing relevance and need for thorough examination, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the topic. Despite opposition to legalization, the study highlights theenduring complexity of the euthanasia debate and the necessity for diverse perspectives to navigate it effectively
Post Office Service Innovation: Responding to Competitive Challenges
Authors: Rozikin Zainur , Pantja Putra Suatmo
Published: March 2024

This research aims to describe post office service innovation in Indonesia and analyze the factors that influence post office service innovation in Indonesia. Qualitativedescriptive analysis technique, where the data that has been collected after analysisis then concluded and the research carried out seeks to describe, explain and describe the efforts made by PT. Pos Indonesia in facing competition. PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) continues to innovate in providing logistics and financial services that are responsive to technological developments and market demands. In facing the industrial revolution 4.0 and millennial preferences for technology, PT Pos Indonesia has launched various service innovations, including Contact Center Oranger, Magenpos, Agenpos B2B,Financial Services, and Air Retail Cargo. Despite significant innovation, information regarding products and services still requires improvement within the post office to provide better understanding to customers. Therefore, further efforts are needed to provide more detailed education and information at service locations. With these innovative steps, PT Pos Indonesia shows its commitment to remaining relevant in the digital era, providing more efficient services, and meeting consumer needs. Continuous innovation efforts and increasing information to customers are the keys to PT Pos Indonesia's success in facing competitive challenges in the logistics and financial industries
Absorption of Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) Through the Tax Object Management Information System
Authors: Yusuf Orva Septi , Sholahuddin Agus , Suhartono Tonny
Published: March 2024

his research aims to determine the implementation of the Policy on the Absorption of Rural and Urban Land and Building Taxes (PBB-P2) through the Taxpayer Information Management System and analyze the factors that support the implementation of the Policy on the Absorption of Rural and Urban Land and Building Taxes (PBB-P2) Through the Taxpayer Information Management System. This research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach. In qualitative data analysis there are three streams of activities that occur simultaneously, namely data condensation, data presentation, conclusions.The regional government of East Kutai Regency is trying to increase Original Regional Income (PAD) by optimizing the management of Regional Tax collection. This is done through the implementation of an online and integrated information and technology-based Tax Object Information Management System. The research focus includes taxpayers in East Kutai Regency which has a total number of tax objects reaching 146,248, with around 70% more tax arrears compared to other districts. The policy implementation process for the absorption of Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) is carried out based on the East Kutai Regent's regulation Number 44 of 2013. Implementation steps include policy formulation by the Regional Government, including determining tax rates, regulations, tax exemptions, and related provisions. The Tax Object Management Information System (SISMIOP) is used to manage tax data, monitor policy implementation, and report results. Supporting factors for policy implementation through SISMIOP include efficiency in managing tax object data, support for tax outreach and education activities, as well as providing better access to taxpayers regarding tax information. The East Kutai Regency Government uses SISMIOP for monitoring, supervision and decision making regarding taxes to ensure taxpayer compliance and optimal tax collection
Community Empowerment through Processed Moringa cultivation, Production and Marketing
Authors: Fadeli Muhammad , Satria Bambang , Sadhana Kridawati
Published: March 2024

In essence, community empowerment is the main result of the community empowerment process. Local potential is social capital in increasing community empowerment. Has the community empowerment carried out by the Keloris community in using Moringa as a healthy processed product had a positive impact on community empowerment? Through the research focus of empowering, sustainability, technology approach, researchers analyzed the empowerment process in the form of moringa cultivation, moringa production, production partners and distribution partners, as well as factors that influence empowerment activities. Through a participatory communication approach, it provides space for interaction between Keloris and the community in realizing empowerment activities. This research aims to analyze the role of moringa in empowering the community of Ngawenomboh Village, Kunduran District, Blora Regency, Central Java in using moringa as a healthy processed product, as well as what the factors behind it are. Using a social facts paradigm approach reveals in-depth phenomena in a qualitative descriptive manner by exploring data through in-depth interviews and observations with information sources from both the Keloris community and other participants. This research resulted in the role of the moringa community in empowering the community to use moringa as a healthy processed product. It has created empowerment, independence, community entrepreneurship even though sustainability obstacles are caused by community mindset, keloris commitment, technological adaptation and stakeholder support. In general, community empowerment activities are able to bring positive benefits in the form of awareness of the processing and use of moringa to provide economic value for family nutrition. This research contributes to a model for empowering the use of moringa based on the InLine System, namely a nutritional locking method that guarantees the quality of moringa
Business Licensing Services Through The Sicantik Cloud Application System in The Environment of The Department of Capital Investment and One-Door Integrated Services (DPMPTSP) Banda Aceh City
Authors: Ellyana Cut Putri , Ibrahim Syafei , Suharnoko Dwi
Published: March 2024

This paper is focused on Business licensing services through the cloud application system. The investment service and one-stop integrated service for the City of Banda Aceh, this research is on the implementation of electronically integrated business licensing services for accelerating business licensing in the City of Banda Aceh. This development is in accordance with the demands of the times as the SiCantik Cloud Online Licensing Application (Integrated Licensing Service Intelligent Application for the Public). The formulation of the problem 1) How to Implement Licensing and Non-licensing Services Through the Si Cantik Cloud Application System at the Investment and One-Stop Services Office (DPM-PTSP) of Banda Aceh City. 2) What are the Supporting and Obstacle Factors in the Implementation of Services in Licensing and Non-licensing throughthe Sicantik Cloud Application System at the Banda Aceh Investment and One-Stop Services Office (DPM-PTSP). Theoretical benefits, as a researcher's effort in translating the results of this research on the one hand to become a build design in the embodiment of the SiCantik Cloud DPM-PTSP application in Banda Aceh City. The practical use of this research is expected to be input and consideration in the Implementation of Non-Business Licensing Services throughthe SiCantik Cloud Application System at DPM-PTSP Banda Aceh City. As for this research approach, it was carried out by using a qualitative descriptive approach, through searching with the benefits of information using interview techniques, documentation, observations and conclusions were made to obtain business licensing services, the beautiful cloud investment service application and one-stop integrated services. The results of the study show that Non-Business Licensing Services are Through the SiCantik Cloud Application System at the Investment Service and One-Stop Services in Banda Aceh City, assuming the applicant's limited ability to fulfill business licensing and non-licensing documents.
Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing Open Access Policies
Authors: Mensah Kwame
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges and opportunities of implementing open access policies in African universities.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: The implementation of open access policies in African universities faces significant challenges due to limited infrastructure, funding constraints, and inadequate institutional support. However, these challenges also present opportunities for collaboration, capacity building, and leveraging existing networks to enhance access to scholarly research. By overcoming these barriers through strategic partnerships and targeted investments, African universities can foster greater knowledge dissemination, innovation, and socio-economic development across the continent.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional theory, diffusion of innovation theory& resource dependency theory may be used to anchor future studies on the challenges and opportunities of implementing open access policies in African universities. Implementing open access policies in African universities encourages innovation in knowledge management practices, including the development of institutional repositories, metadata standards, and digital preservation strategies. African universities' implementation of open access policies can influence national and regional policy frameworks related to scholarly communication, research funding, and copyright reform.
The United States’ Impact on Panama and the Panama Canal: An Intervention Case Study
Authors: Sullivan Matthew
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the history of the Panama Canal and how United States (U.S.) intervention has impacted its growth. The frame of this study (1983-2005) is a time-period that experienced two substantial U.S. interventions within Panama - the removal of the Panamanian leader, General Manuel Noriega, and the transition of sovereignty over the Canal from the U.S. to Panamanian power. This paper looks to explore these two isolated interventions in correlation with changes in economic growth within the Canal Zone. The results of this study will retrospectively demonstrate whether intervention stagnated or boosted economic growth within the Panama Canal, a clear indicator of how U.S. interference impacted Panama. On a larger scale, this study aims to highlight the specific economic impacts of intervention and how future interventional policies may improve based upon past success or failures.
Reduced Parietal Delta and Theta Event Related Oscillations in Alcoholics during Early Visual Processing
Authors: Heur Matthew , Geckle Karl
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT 

Background: Chronic alcoholism is associated with widespread structural and functional brain changes that underlie cognitive and behavioral deficits. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides insight into the real-time dynamics of altered sensory and cognitive processing in alcoholism. While prior research shows event-related potential (ERP) and event-related oscillations (EROs) differences, less is known about the early timeframes after visual tasks.  

Objective: This study aimed to characterize ERO differences between alcoholics and healthy controls using EEG recorded during a visual oddball task, with a focus on the first 100ms post-stimulus. 

Methods: Publicly available EEG data from 10 alcoholic and 10 control subjects were analyzed. After preprocessing, time-frequency analysis was conducted to examine spectral power changes in delta (2-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha (8-12Hz) and beta (12-30Hz) bands. Power differences between 50-100ms were statistically compared between groups. 

Results: Alcoholics showed significantly reduced parietal delta (p=0.03996) and theta (p=0.04995) power compared to controls between 50-100ms. Large effect sizes were found for parietal delta (Cohen's d=0.94) and theta (d=0.78). No significant differences were seen in alpha or beta bands. 

Conclusion: The pronounced parietal delta and theta reductions likely signify disrupted early sensory encoding and attention orienting in alcoholism. The findings reveal that alcoholism impacts even the initial stimulus registration stages, as evidenced by oscillatory disturbances within the first 100ms. Early EROs could serve as useful endophenotype markers in alcoholism research.
Immunotherapy Using CAR T Cells: Current Challenges and Solutions to Overcome On-Target, Off-Tumor Toxicity
Authors: Gavrila Aidan
Published: March 2024

Blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma currently affect approximately 1.3 million Americans and account for about 10% of all cancer related deaths in the US.  However, immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been developed to provide a cure for many of these patients where refractory/relapsed disease was previously a death sentence.  Current approaches for CAR T treatment involve the modification of autologous T cells ex vivo in order to engineer these cells with a CAR which binds to a B cell cancer antigen and results in T cell mediated clearance of the target tumor cell.  With exception to CD19 and other B cell antigens, targeting other tumor cell types has been largely unsuccessful for many reasons, including antigen escape and on-target off-tumor toxicity (OTOT), which occurs when the target cancer antigen is co-expressed on healthy tissue cells and becomes targeted by the CAR T cell therapy.  The purpose of this review is to understand the challenges in antigen escape and OTOT.  We will discuss current strategies to overcome these obstacles which allow CAR T therapy to be more applicable to other tumor cell types.  We will highlight novel approaches such as logic gated CARs and epitope editing as potential solutions to overcome antigen escape and OTOT.
X – XII асрларда Мовароуннаҳрда олий таълим тизими тарихи манбашунослиги: шаклланиши ва ривожланиши
Authors: Маматқулова Фарангис
Published: March 2024

Мазкур мақолада Марказий Осиё ҳудудида X – XII асрлар оралиғида илм-фан ривожи туфайли тўпланган билимларнинг нафақат ислом тарихи балки бутун инсоният интеллектуал ривожига таъсири ҳақида фикрлар баён этилади.
Ijtimoiy institutlarining jamiyatga ta’sirini gender indekslar asosida baholash “Ayollar, biznes va qonun” indeks misolida
Authors: Xonturayev Bobur
Published: March 2024

Maqolada muallif tomonidan indeksning metodologik va boshqa tarkibiy qismlari, amaldagi normativ-huquqiy hujjatlarni mamlakatimizning xalqaro reytinglardagi o‘rnini yuksaltirishga to‘sqinlik qilayotgan normalar tahlil qilindi va O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Ayollar, biznes va qonun indeksida o‘rnini yaxshilashga to‘g‘anoq bo‘layotgan mavjud haqiqiy muammolarning tizimli tahlilini olib borish, ularni hal etish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqildi.
Assessment of the Global Experience of Strategies for Gender Asymmetry Reduction
Authors: Kireyeva Anel , Kenzheali Yerkezhan
Published: March 2024

Gender asymmetry often denotes significant gender inequality, encompassing disparities in societal norms, cultural convictions, and historical legacies. This asymmetry results in an unequal distribution of opportunities, resources, and power between individuals of different genders, with one gender often enjoying certain privileges over the other. This article analyzes the effectiveness of implemented and tested strategies in reducing gender asymmetry, with a special focus on four countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Germany and Kazakhstan.  Special attention is paid to comparing approaches and results in different countries, which makes it possible to identify the most successful practices and general trends. Despite the implementation of various government policies and standards aimed at achieving equal pay for employees of all genders, women still tend to receive lower salaries compared to their male counterparts, even when they hold similar positions and perform similar job responsibilities. Through meticulous investigation and the application of statistical methodologies, it is attempted to gauge whether these strategies have contributed to a reduction in gender asymmetry, comparing the statistics from 2019 to 2023 for the outcomes’ evaluation. In conclusion, the article offers recommendations for the development and implementation of effective strategies that can be used by governments and organizations to further promote gender equality.
Sustainability Complexities in Supply Chains: A Qualitative Study utilizing Social Systems Theory
Authors: Neske Alexander , Bordiyanu Ilona , Brauweiler Christian
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore which sustainability complexities firms see in their supply chains. As supply chains consist of various actors and the consideration of sustainability requirements in supply chains adds to the complexity of the management of the supply chains, we apply the social systems theory as a theoretical framework enlighten inherent complexities. For investigating the research purpose, this study carried out multiple case studies with firms in the agriculture sector as these firms rely on the natural habitat and produce or source agricultural products face high expectations but also pressures from various actors. The interviewed firms were from textiles, beverages, coffee, food, non-food, cosmetics, ingredients and chemical branches. In total, this study conducted 26 semi-structured interviews with sustainability responsibles. The findings show, which different sustainability complexities firms in different branches see. By that, this study contributes to the literature as it is to the best of our knowledge the first utilizing social systems theory in the context of sustainable supply chain management. Second, for reducing sustainability complexities firms need to view and understand their relevant sustainability complexities first. Third, this paper contributes with managerial implications as firms can use our research as a starting point for identifying sustainability complexities and coping with them.
Reduction of Inequality of Regions as a Factor of Sustainable Development: The Case of Western Macro-region of Kazakhstan
Authors: Nurlanova Nailya , Alzhanova Farida , Tleuberdinova Aizhan , Bekturganova Makpal
Published: March 2024

The most critical Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the promotion of sustainable economic growth, the eradication of poverty, and the reduction of inequality within countries. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the achievement of the SDGs in the country depends on the reduction of socio-economic inequality in the West Kazakhstan regions, which includes four regions of the country: Mangistau, Atyrau, Aktobe, and West Kazakhstan. This formulation of the question is because earlier studies by the article's authors indicate a discrepancy between the level of social well-being of a given region and the actual contribution to the development of the country’s economy. The aim of the article is to study the dynamics and degree of socio-economic development inequality of the Western Kazakhstan region and to develop recommendations on measures of state regulation to reduce it. To achieve this goal, the methods of generalization, concretization, economic-statistical, index, and comparative analysis were used. The result was a system of indicators for measuring the level of socio-economic stability of regions, taking into account country specifics, a study of trends, and an assessment of the degree of inequality in the socio-economic development of the regions of Western Kazakhstan, and recommendations for improving regulatory methods to reduce regional disparities. The authorities can use the recommendations to make decisions on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the regions of Western Kazakhstan.
Impact of Economic and Social Factors on Urban Development: A Comprehensive Analysis of Cities in Kazakhstan
Authors: Shakibayev Maxat , Balginova Kuralay , Aimurzinov Murat , Baimukhamedova Aizhan
Published: March 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the development dynamics of cities in Kazakhstan, focusing on the interplay between economic and social factors and their impact on the Gross Regional Product (GRP). Employing a dataset encompassing a range of indicators, cities were categorized into development groups (Highly Developed, Moderately Developed, Less Developed) based on normalized composite scores. The study aimed to test two central hypotheses through Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analysis: firstly, that economic factors are significant positive determinants of GRP, overshadowing the influence of social factors; and secondly, that social factors significantly influence GRP, with economic factors playing a lesser role. The analysis revealed that economic factors, including SME activity, retail trade, fixed capital investment, and tax revenue, exhibited a substantial impact on GRP, whereas social factors like population growth, average salary, and income levels showed relatively less influence. The findings underscore the predominance of economic determinants in shaping regional productivity, providing critical insights for strategic urban development planning and policy-making. By highlighting the differential impacts of economic and social factors on urban development, this study contributes to the broader understanding of regional growth dynamics and offers a data-driven foundation for targeted developmental initiatives in Kazakhstan's urban centers.
Impact of Scientific Activity and Innovation on Economic Competitiveness: An Analysis of Kazakhstan
Authors: Doshmanova Saule , Bolatova Botakoz , Kunurkulzhayeva Gulnar , Sultanmuratova Nursamal , Ospanova Aliya
Published: March 2024

This study is aimed to evaluate the influence of scientific activity and innovation on the economic performance of a country, measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), using Kazakhstan as a case study. Employing Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM), a variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the research analyzed secondary data to explore the structural relationships between scientific investment, activity, and their subsequent impact on GDP and innovative organizational activity. The methodology was centered on assessing the measurement model for reliability and validity, and the structural model for the strength and significance of the relationships using path coefficients and R-squared values. Hypotheses were formulated to test the expected positive influences of scientific activity and internal R&D costs on GDP, and the role of scientific activity in driving innovative activity within organizations. The results indicated a positive relationship between scientific activity and GDP, confirming the hypothesis that science contributes significantly to economic development. Internal R&D costs were found to have a strong positive impact on scientific activity, highlighting the importance of R&D investment. However, innovative activity within organizations showed a negative association with GDP, suggesting a more complex relationship that may not lead to immediate economic gains. Scientific activity was also seen to positively influence organizational innovation. The study’s findings emphasize the need for strategic planning and investment in scientific research and education to bolster economic development.
Higher Education and Urban Development: Market Dynamics and Gender Differences
Authors: Kredina Anna , Dzhanegizova Aisulu
Published: March 2024

The study is devoted to analyzing the impact of higher education on urban development, with an emphasis on the cities of Kazakhstan. The paper examines the role of universities in economic growth and the social and cultural life of cities, as well as the impact of the quality of educational programs on the employment of graduates in the context of meeting the requirements of the labor market. The problems of obsolescence of the theory of human capital development against the background of the development of artificial intelligence and changes in the employment structure caused by digitalization are highlighted. The authors draw attention to the contradictions between urban development and the decline of small settlements caused by heterogeneity in access to the Internet and digital technologies. The issue of gender disparity in access to education and its impact on employment is raised. The study presents the results of an initial survey of Kazakhstan students to identify their expectations of university education and its role in future employment. Hypotheses about the perception of the competitiveness of diplomas, the correlation between accessibility and quality of education, and gender differences in the assessment of these aspects are analyzed. The study's results emphasize the importance of cooperation between the state and educational institutions for the development of cities and the training of qualified specialists capable of meeting the needs of the modern labor market.
A rare cause of upper gastrointestinal system obstruction: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (Wilkie’s syndrome); two different case reports
Authors: Sertkaya Mehmet , Şirik Mehmet , Tepe Mehmet , Özdaş Sabri , Göksu Mustafa
Published: March 2024

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is defined as a collection of clinical symptoms and findings that result from compression of the third part of the duodenum between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Here, we describe two patients who were diagnosed with superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Two patients, 18 and 38 years old, respectively, presented to our clinic with complaints of nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Computed tomography scans of both patients supported diagnoses of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The 18-year-old patient recovered with conservative treatment. However, our 38-year-old patient did not recover with conservative treatment and required two surgeries. In the first operation, duodenal release with Treitz’s ligament dissection and pyloroplasty were performed because of concomitant hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Because the patient exhibited gastroparesis and gastric ptosis after the first operation, subtotal gastrectomy and Roux-n-Y gastrojejunostomy were performed in the second operation. No complications were observed during follow-up after the second operation. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with nausea, vomiting, and weight loss of unknown cause. During treatment, weight-gaining conservative approaches should be attempted initially, but surgical treatment should not be excessively delayed in patients who do not respond to medical treatment.
Musinous cystic neoplasia mimicking hydatid cyst in the liver: Two rare cases
Authors: Tekin Emel , Taşkın Toros , Ayhan Semin
Published: March 2024

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L) is a rare tumor which accounts for less than 5% of all liver cysts. Although they are considered to be “benign cysts” radiologically and clinically because of their slow growth, they are considered as premalignant. We present two radiologically misdiagnosed cases that operated in a short time range, in order to increase awareness for these rare tumors. A 47-year-old female patient who had no active complaints 58 x 40 mm cystic lesion was detected in the liver, which was diagnosed hydatid cyst radiologically. The pathological examination showed multiloculated cysts which was covered by low-grade mucinous epithelium and ovarian-type stroma on the cyst wall. A 50-year-old female patient presented with abdominal distention. The radiographical screening revealed a 204 x 140 mm cystic lesion that completely fills left lobe of liver which interpreted in favor of hydatid cyst. Histopathologically, the inner surface of the cyst was covered with low grade mucinous epithelium. Ovarian-type stroma was detectable only by immunohistochemistry due to significant bleeding and edema on the wall. The diagnosis of both of our cases was low grade MCN-L. Since cysts were not intact at the time of gross examination, we could not make any comment about surgical margins or total excision. MCN-L is a tumor that creates difficulty in presurgical differential diagnosis because of its rarity and lack of specific radiologic features. Although the prognosis is excellent as a result of total excision in the benign group, relapses have also been reported.