bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Cr-Co-P Alloy Coating Electrodeposited from Trivalent Chromium Solution
Authors: Zhang Ye Ming , Fang Da Jing , Hao Long , Lin An , Gan Fu Xing
Published: March 2009

Cr-Co-P alloy coating was prepared from trivalent chromium bath and the appearance
and performances of the coating were characterized. The Cr-Co-P alloy electroplating bath was
prepared through orderly adding cobalt chloride, sodium hypophosphite monohydrate, urea, sodium
format, ammonium citrate tribasic, boric acid, and ammonium brome into distilled water. Optimum
plating crafts were determined as follows: pH value 1.5~3.0, temperature 25~45°C, plating time
1~15 minutes, and current density 5~25A·cm-2. Reticulate iridium dioxide coating electrode or
highly pure graphite electrode were adopted as anode. And electro deposition experiments were
carried out with air disturbance. The surfaces of deposited coatings are silvery white, bright and
smooth. The Cr-Co-P alloy coatings were characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM).
The results proved that P is favour to the improvement of deposit corrosion resistance. In addition,
Cobalt atoms are in favor of enhancing throwing power and cover power of plating baths. Via
adjusting plating bath, the electro-deposition rate could reach at 1.0~1.3μm·min-1, and the contents
of P and Co could be controlled in 15~25% and 10~65%.
Current Status of Supersaturated Surface Engineered S-Phase Materials
Authors: Bell Thomas
Published: March 2009

The present paper reviews the scientific development of our understanding of S-Phase. It is
now known that S-Phase formation is an example of para equilibrium phenomena. A necessary but
not sufficient condition for S-Phase formation is the presence of an fcc structure at least in part with
structure in the starting alloy. An essential requirement is for a nitride forming element to be present
particularly Cr. After surface engineering with carbon, nitrogen or carbon and nitrogen to generate
supersaturated solid solutions, the various tribological, corrosion, mechanical and microstructural
studies are reviewed for the various alloy systems. The current industrial status of S-Phase technology
on an international basis is examined and the potential for its acceptance in china is discussed.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Plasma-Sprayed Functionally Gradient W/Cu Coatings as Plasma Facing Materials in Fusion Devices
Authors: Song Shu Xiang , Yao Wei Zhi , Zhou Zhang Jian , Cong Wei Wei , Ma Yao , Ge Chang Chun
Published: March 2009

Tungsten has been decided as the plasma facing material (PFM) for some high heat flux
regions of the divertor in the International Thermo-Nuclear Experimental Reactors (ITER). In this
paper, our efforts concentrated on the functionally gradient W/Cu coating fabricated on the oxygen
free copper by atmosphere plasma spraying under the inert gases protection. The functionally gradient
W/Cu coatings were designed to relieve the thermal stress during the spraying processes. For
comparison, the tungsten coatings were also deposited directly onto the copper substrates by the same
technology. XRD, SEM and EDS were applied to identify the phases, morphologies and compositions
of these coatings. Tensile tests were performed to measure the bonding strength between the coatings
and the substrates. Furthermore, water quenching and high heat loading experiments using a pulse
laser beam were also carried out to estimate the thermal shock properties of these coatings.
Visual Study on Surface Micro-Topography and Residual Stress of Sheet Metal after Pulsed Laser Peening
Authors: Huang Shu , Zhou Jian Zhong , Du Jian Jun , Sun Yue Qing , Ni M.X.
Published: March 2009

In order to control surface microscopic quality of sheet metal after laser peen forming
(LPF), visual numerical analyses for SUS304 plate was employed. Based on the FEM code
ABAQUS/CAE, a conversion model of laser shock wave loading was established. The tracks
controlling technology of LPF was solved by functional element programs. The micro-plastic flow
process of surface material was analyzed, and the change of residual stress distribution as well as
micro-topography in real time can be shown with the movement of pulsed laser beam. On the basis of
FEM simulation, LPF experiments were carried out. The micro-topography and section analysis were
analyzed by AFM, surface residual stress was measured by X-ray diffraction method. It was found
that after LPF, the surface irregularity was less than 0.15μm, the variation of average surface
roughness was slight, both sides of deformed sheet existed useful residual compressive stress, and the
maximum stress was -616.1MPa, meanwhile average surface micro-hardness in the peened zone was
higher than the base’s surface. Simulative results show a good agreement with experimental results.
Study on Process of Ion Implantation on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zhou Hai , Fei Chen , Yang Ying Ge , Wan Han Cheng , Cai Shuo
Published: March 2009

Ti ion and C ion is implanted into AZ31 magnesium alloy surface by metal vapor vacuum
arc (MEVVA) implanter operating with a modified cathode. This metal arc ion source has a broad
beam and high current capabilities. Implantation energy is fixed at 45K eV and dose is 9×1017 cm-2
and 3×1017 cm-2 respectively. Through ion implantation, Ti ion implantation layer approximately
1000nm thick is directly formed on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy, by which its surface
property is greatly improved. Microstructure, the component distribution and phase composition are
analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The property of
hardness of the ion implantation layer was studied by HMV-1T Vickers micro hardness tester. The
results show that Ti ion implantation layer of a magnesium alloy surface is mainly composed of TiO2,
MgO and a little of TiO. The Ti-C double ions implantation layer is composed of MgO, TiC. The
hardness of ion implantation layer is improved.
The Structure and Corrosion Properties of Oxidized Layer Formed on Aluminium Alloy by Plasma Oxidation
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Liang
Published: March 2009

This paper presents some results of plasma oxidizing of Al alloys. The oxidation of
aluminium alloys was carried out in the mid-frequency pulsed excited plasma. The processing
temperature was 450~500°Cand the processing time was 4 hours. The modified layer was
characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AFM and SEM observations indicated that there were no
evident defects appeared in the modified layer. The immersion experiments in 3.5% NaCl solutions
were carried out to test the effect of plasma oxidation on the corrosion resistance of Al alloys. After
immersion for 200 hours, the severe pit-corrosion was occurred on the untreated sample surface
while for the treated sample no evident corrosion was observed.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Boron Films Implanted by Polyenergetic Nitrogen Ion
Authors: Cai Zhi Hai , Zhang Ping , He Jia Wu , Zhao Jun Jun , Tan Jun
Published: March 2009

In this paper, boron films were deposited on W6Mo5Cr4V2 high speed steel (HSS) via ion beam
sputtering of boron target and implanted with polyenergetic(50 keV, 30 keV, 10 keV) nitrogen ions.
The mechanical properties of the implanted layer were tested by Vicker`s hardness and SKODA wear
tester. The microstructure of the implanted layer was analysed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
(XPS) and Fourier Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that the HSS substrate
was intensified obviously after the implantation of boron and nitrogen ion. When the nitrogen dose
equals to 12.8×1017 ions/cm2, the hardness reaches its highest value, HV1982 and the relative
wearability was increased for about ten times under the load of 30N. XPS depth concentration profiles
show an interfacial mixing between film and substrate, and compared with monoenergetic ion
implantation, polyenergetic ion implanted layer have an even N/B distribution. Combined with XPS
and IR analysis results, It can conclude that boron exists in the form of boron nitride and first as a-BN
or h-BN, with the depth decreasing, it has a tendency to transform to c-BN.
Multiple Needle Cathodes Plasma Surface Alloying of Ti6Al4V with W-Mo-C-N
Authors: Zhang Yue Fei , Bian Xin Chao , Chen Qiang , Zhang Guang Qiu , Gao Yuan
Published: March 2009

A multiple-needle-cathode plasma surface alloying process has been developed for
improving the properties of surface hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V.
The process is carried out at temperatures below 800 °C and facilitates the simultaneous introduction
of W, Mo,nitrogen and carbon into the surfaces of Ti6Al4V forming gradient alloying layer structure
with an extremely high hardness. The process is performed at working pressure of 30Pa-80Pa with
9-needle-cathode of W80Mo20 alloy rods array and a high pure graphite plate cathode as target
electrode. A maximum microhardness is 4-6 times much harder than the substrate. The results show
the presence of carbide and nitride ceramics phases contribute to high microhardness and wear
resistance. The multiple-needle-cathode discharge plasma treatment is an effective method for
improvement of the mechanical and tribological properties of titanium-base alloys by formation of
graded diffusion hard surface layers. The present paper describes this novel process and properties
characteristics.
Plasma Transferred Arc Powder Surfacing Technology of Thrust Face
Authors: Lv Yao Hui , Xu Bin Shi , Xiang Yong Hua , Xia Dan , Liu Cun Long
Published: March 2009

The thrust surface of W615 engine is remanufactured by plasma transferred arc (PTA)
powder surfacing technology. The Ni15 Nickle-based alloy powder is selected as deposited metal. By
optimizing the welding procedure, the coating is free of crack and pore. The microstructure
characteristics of deposition layer are investigated by metallographic microscope, and the
microhardness of the overlay is measured by vickers hardness tester. It is found that the heat affected
zone is narrow, the rate of dilution is low and the microhardness of deposition layer is about HV130
which is close to that of base metal. Furthermore, the hardness of welding surface can meet the needs
of the engine.
Design and Development of Sulphidation Resistant Coatings
Authors: Du Hai Liang , Datta Psantu K. , Lou Bai Yang
Published: March 2009

This paper discusses the design and development of sulphidation resistant coatings. The first
section discusses the rationale for designing and developing such coatings. The rationale for selecting
the coating systems has been derived from our work on the HT sulphidation behaviour of MCrAlYX
(M=Co, or Co-Fe and X=V, Nb, Mo and W) type of coating alloys. This work has allowed the
establishment of the mechanisms of sulphidation and led to the choice of the coating systems discussed
here. The second section describes the sulphidation performance of several selected coatings, single
and multilayer, deposited on Ti, TiAl and Ni-based alloys at 750-850oC in environments of low
oxygen and high sulphur potentials.
Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Arc Sprayed WC-Co /FeCrB and WC-Ni /FeCrB Composite Coatings
Authors: Fu Bin You , He Ding Yong , Jiang Jian Min , Li Xiao Yan
Published: March 2009

Two type of ceramic composite coatings of Fe-Cr-B alloy reinforced with cobalt-coated
tungsten carbide (WC-Co) particles or nickel-coated tungsten carbide (WC-Ni) particles were
deposited on a mild steel substrate by arc spraying, respectively. The microstructure of the coating
was investigated by optical microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to study the phase
composition in the coating. The microhardness of the coating was determined. The wear behavior of
the coating was evaluated. The results showed that the WC-Co/FeCrB coating has the excellent
abrasive wear resistance which is about 11 times higher than that of Q235 mild steel. The main wear
mechanism of both coatings was silica scratching and micro-cutting of the matrix and the resultant
pulling out of WC particles.
Preparation and Characterization of γ-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and Octadecyltrichlorosilane Self-Assembled Monolayers on Titanium Films
Authors: Sun C.G. , Zhang Hui Chen
Published: March 2009

In this work, the self-assembled monolayers of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and
octadecyltrichlorosilane were prepared on titanium films, radiated and solidified by ultraviolet
radiation/ozone photochemical process. The characterization and friction properties of titanium film,
APS SAMs, OTS SAMs and the radiated APS SAMs, OTS SAMs were explored by atomic force
microscopy and friction force microscopy. The effects of functional groups, sliding velocity, load and
ultraviolet radiation/ozone photochemical process on friction properties of SAMs were analyzed. The
experimental results show that the titanium film coated with SAMs, especially under ultraviolet
radiation/ozone, is exhibited with a good friction property. The friction property of APS SAMs is
better than OTS SAMs under or no ultraviolet radiation/ozone. The friction force increases with the
increasing of sliding velocity and decreases with the increasing of load.
The Growth Behaviors of IMC Layers at Soldered and Diffusion Bonding Sn/Cu Interfaces and the Effects of High Magnetic Field
Authors: Cheng Cong Qian , Zhao Jie , Xu Yang , Yang Peng
Published: March 2009

The growth behaviors of intermetallic compound (IMC) layers in soldered and diffusion
bonding Sn/Cu joints and the effects of magnetic field have been investigated. The results indicate
that, without high magnetic field, the growth behaviors of these two IMC layers are similar in the
aging except the initial morphologies. However, the morphologies and crystal orientations of these
two IMC layers have changed after being aged in high magnetic field.
Research on Wear Mechanism of Surface Build-Up Welding Material of Brake Disc for Drilling Rig
Authors: Wang Xin Hua , Zhang Si Wei , Wang De Guo
Published: March 2009

In order to improve resisting performance of heat, wear and erosion as well as anti-thermal
fatigue, surface build-up welding material of brake-disc for drilling rig with better performance is
developed, and its wear mechanism is investigated based on friction and wear experiment at variable
temperature. Morphology, constituents and phase structure of wear surface of brake disc are analyzed
by employing SEM, EDAX and XRD when thermal equilibrium temperature is at 150°C and 300°C,
and its tribological behaviour and wear mechanism of surface build-up welding materials are
revealed. In initial stage of wear, friction temperature is lower and hard particles like AL2O3, SiO2,
SiC, TiO in brake block plough the surface of brake-disc, oxide layer forms on friction surface with
rise of friction temperature and its cracking and regenerating become a major way of wear, meanwhile
hard grains in brake block slough off due to frequent ploughing and three-body abrasive wear occurs,
and spalling of surface film is mainly caused by fatigue. In stage of high temperature wear,
oxidization wear and plastic deformation of brake-disc increase greatly, brake-block starts to soften,
severe adhesive wear occurs and spalling of surface film is mainly caused by adhesive tearing. Wear
mechanism of brake-disc is comprehensive effects of abrasive, oxidizing and adhesive wear.
Application of Surface Engineering Techniques to Corrosion Control over Offshore Engineering Equipment
Authors: Pan Xiao Qiang , Wang Jian Jun
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the mechanism, characteristics and categories about corrosion of offshore
engineering equipments are investigated. Some of selected advanced surface engineering techniques
for corrosion control are introduced. On account of particularity of oceanic environment and
performance requirements for the equipments, the paper proposes corresponding anticorrosion
measures for offshore engineering equipments. And as a tentative study on surface engineering
management & analysis, the paper presents a scenario of anticorrosion design from the viewpoint of
System Engineering, including preparation, storage and conveyance of anticorrosion materials, as
well as R&D, operation, and management of anticorrosion facilities.
It is expected that advanced surface engineering techniques used in anticorrosion can help
offshore engineering equipments with good viabilities, perfect performances, low rate of failure, long
life-time and high rate of readiness. Anticorrosion design of offshore engineering equipments is of far
reaching importance not only to develop our Advanced Manufacturing Technology facing towards
21st century but also to implement sustainable development of our national economy, as well as to our
national economy strength.
Application of EIS and SEM to Study the Corrosion Behaviors of Organic Coatings/Substrate System
Authors: Yan Rui , Wu Hang , Yu S.K. , Ma Shi Ning , Xu Bin Shi
Published: March 2009

Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of two common-used ship coatings——epoxy
aluminum coating, chloride rubber iron red coating and their composite coatings immersed in
3.5%NaCl solution were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy combined with
open circuit potential measurements and SEM micrograph analysis. Potential-time result indicates
that the free corrosion potential of these three coatings with immersion time are more positive than
that of metal substrate, which can serve as barrier layer to protect metal substrate from corrosion.
During the course of immersion, increasingly negative shift potentials with time reveal the growth of
electrochemical area of anode and corrosion takes place continuously. EIS shows that corrosive
species can penetrate into coatings and reach the coating/substrate interface promptly, causing the
decrease of its shielding role and the beginning of electrochemical corrosion. SEM micrographs
suggest that coatings were compact and continuous compared with obviously coarse and loose after
corrosion, indicating the penetration of corrosive species destroys cross linkage of coatings.
Composite coatings present better protection performance, displaying the effect of “1+1>2”
remarkably.
Properties of Multi-Function Micro-Plasma Sprayed Nanostructured Al2O3-13wt%TiO2 Coatings
Authors: Wang Liu Ying , Liu Gu , Wang Han Gong , Hua Shao Chun
Published: March 2009

Nonastructured Al2O3-13wt%TiO2 (AT13) coatings were deposited by multi-function
micro-plasma spray and Metco 9M plasma spray, respectively. Constituent phases and the
microstructure of the powder particles and coatings prepared were examined with the aid of scanning
electronic microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties including hardness
and bonding strength were also evaluated by microhardness tester and electron tensile tester.
Multi-function micro plasma sprayed nanostructured AT13 Coating is fully-melted, dense and
uniform. However, AT13 Coating deposited by Metco 9M plasma spray is partial-melted. The
microhardness of multi-functional micro plasma sprayed AT13 Coating is HV975.7~1441.7, much
higher than that of Metco 9M plasma sprayed AT13 Coating (HV655.3~946.6). The bonding strength
results present the same, increased from 19.8 MPa to 42.7 MPa.
Enhanced Up-Conversion Emission of Er3+-Doped Al2O3 Powders by Y3+ Codoping Prepared in a Non-Aqueous Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Wang H. , Lei M.K.
Published: March 2009

1 mol% Er3+- and 0–10 mol% Y3+-codoped Al2O3 powders is prepared in a non-aqueous
sol–gel method. Two crystalline types of doped Al2O3,  and θ, are obtained for the 0–10 mol%
Y3+-codoped Al2O3 powders sintered at the sintering temperature of 1000 °C by x-ray diffraction
analysis. The green and red up-conversion emissions centered at about 550 and 670 nm increase with
Y3+ codoping concentration, and the maximal intensity of both the green and red up-conversion
emissions is obtained as about 100 and 10 times higher than that of the 1 mol% Er3+-doped Al2O3
powders, respectively. The enhancement in the green and red up-conversion emissions is ascribed to
the improved dispersion of Er3+ in Er3+–Y3+-codoped Al2O3 powders.
Surface Grafting Modification of Silk Fibroin by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Xing Tie Ling , Wang Hai Jiang , Li Zhan Xiong , Chen Guo Qiang
Published: March 2009

In this work, surface modification of silk fibroin was conducted by grafting
dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) via ATRP to produce well controlled grafting silk.
First, the amino groups and hydroxyl groups on the side chains of the silk fibroin reacted with
2-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BriB-Br) to obtain efficient initiator for ATRP. Subsequently, the
functional silk fibroin was used as macroinitiator of DMAEMA in 1,2-dichlorobenzene in
conjunction with CuBr/N,N,N',N",N" -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as a catalyst
system. FT-IR characterization of the modified silk substrate showed a peak corresponding to
DMAEMA indicating that the polymer had been formed on the silk surface. Following the
polymerization, the tertiary amino groups on the grafted silk fibroin were quaternized to produce a
large concentration of quaternary ammonium groups, which endowed the silk substrate with potential
antibacterial surface. The graft chains were cleaved by acid hydrolysis and analyzed by gel permeation
chromatography (GPC). The GPC results indicated that the graft layer were well-controlled.
Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents Coated with Polysulfone-Poly(ethylene Oxide) Block Copolymer by Ultrasonic Spray
Authors: Gu Xing Zhong , Yi Hong , Ni Zhong Hua , Fang Jian Hua
Published: March 2009

Amphiphilic polysulfone-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers (PSF-b-PEOs) with
different contents of PEO, have been successfully synthesized and employed as the drug carrier for
use in drug-eluting stent (DES) systems. They are well soluble in organic solvents such as
tetrahydrofuran (THF). Cell growth, hemolysis, cell hyperplasia, toxicity and sensitization tests
revealed that PSF-b-PEOs have good biocompatibility. Silolimus was selected as the drug and the
loading level was controlled at 10 or 20 wt%. PSF-b-PEO-coated stents were fabricated by the widely
used ultrasonic spray coating technique. Pre- and post-expansion morphologies of the coatings were
observed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under the optimal
operation conditions, the stents have uniform and smooth coating surface. No cracks or peels were
observed when the coating stents were expanded. No drug particles were observed on the stent
surface. PEO content in PSF-b-PEOs greatly influences drug release rate, and the higher the PEO
content, the faster the release rate. PSF-b-PEO film comprising 30% PEO displayed relatively
reasonable drug release rate, i.e., about 80% silolimus were released from the film after release tests in
phosphate buffer solutions (PH = 7.4) containing 10 v% ethanol at 37 °C for 24 days.
Study on Preparation and Properties of a Room Temperature Fast Curing Epoxy Resin Nano-Adhesive
Authors: Ma Shi Ning , Zhu Nai Shu , Li C.Q. , Hu C.H.
Published: March 2009

A room temperature fast curing epoxy resin nano-adhesive was prepared and modified by
nano-SiO2 and liquid rubber CTBN. It shows good shear strength value and heat-durability and also
meets the conditions of room temperature and short solidified time. Compared with conventional
resin mixing method, adhesive modified by nanomaterial can achieve better heat-durability.
Compound cation/nonionic surfactants were used for modifying nano-SiO2 and solution mix method
was used for preparation of nano-SiO2 epoxy resin adhesive. The effects of nano-SiO2 to adhesive’s
mechanical property and heat-durability were investigated. Adhesive with 2wt% nano-SiO2 shows
improved properties which shear strength value is 17.9 MPa and vitrification point is 216.5°C.
Micropores and grains of nano-SiO2/liquid rubber CTBN modifying system were observed using
scanning electron microscope. Adhesives were investigated using infrared spectroscopy analysis.
Nano-SiO2 modified using compound surfactant has higher reacting activity and accelerates the
reaction of adhesive. It can be used as catalyst.
Surface Modification of Nano-Copper and its Dispersive Behavior in Water
Authors: Wang X.J. , Zhu Dong Sheng , Li X.F. , Wang Nan
Published: March 2009

In this paper, by measurement of zeta potential and particle size the surface modification of
Cu nanoparticles in water was investigated at different pH values and different concentration of
sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) dispersant. The results show that the absolute value of zeta
potential has very corresponding relation with particle size, and that the higher the absolute value of
zeta potential and the smaller of the particle size are, the better dispersion and stability of copper
nano-suspensions system is. It is also found that SDBS can significantly affect the value of zeta
potential and particle size by electrostatic repulsions, which lead to the enhancement of the stability of
the Cu suspensions, and the optimizing concentration for SDBS in 0.1% copper nano-suspensions is
0.07%, which have the best disperse results.
A Photometric Method for Measuring Photoacid Generator Efficiencies Using Rhodamine B as Acid Sensor in Thin Polymer Films
Authors: Li Jun Ping , Zhang Wei Min , Pu Jia Ling
Published: March 2009

This paper reported a novel method to measure photoinduced acid generation in polymer
films, which were widely used in microlithography. The method employed Rhodamine B (RB) as
acid sensor due to its changes in color and uv-vis absorbency in acidic condition. The property of
Rhodamine B was examined in hydrochloric and trifluoromethyl sulfonic acids, and the standard
working curves in thin polymer film were set up, which indicated the relationship of acid
concentration and Rhodamine B’s relative peak absorption ("ABS). In this case, the difference in
absorbency could reflect the different amounts of acid generated. According to these standard
working curves, we can calculate the efficiency of photoacid generator (PAG).
This method has advantage over existing method in measuring the efficiency of photoacid generator
in solution, because it eliminated the influence of solvents.
Influence of Substrate Temperature on Microcracks Formation in Plasma-Sprayed Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Splats
Authors: Xing Ya Zhe , Li Yong , Li Chang Jiu , Li Cheng Xin , Yang Guan Jun
Published: March 2009

YSZ molten droplets created by plasma spraying were deposited on the YSZ substrate
preheated to different temperature from 75oC to 1000oC. The results showed that there is little change
in crack spacing when substrate temperature is less than about 740oC, and a significant increase in
crack spacing from 3.54 μm at 740oC to 10.91 μm at 1000oC was observed. A simple qualitative
model was proposed on the basis of the origin of thermal stresses to explain the influence of substrate
initial temperature on crack density characterized by crack spacing. The analysis indicates that the
results can be ascribed to the changes in tensile stress and splat/substrate adhesion resulting from
changes of substrate initial temperature.
Preparation and Characterization of Silver Citrate Nano-Emulsion and Nano-Silver Film
Authors: Mo Li Xin , Li Lu Hai , Li Ya Ling , Li Zhong Xiao , Wang Ming
Published: March 2009

To prepare the nano-scale silver carboxylate emulsions and investigate their applications
in the preparation of nano-scale silver films, the silver citrate emulsion was synthesized through the
reaction of silver nitrate with sodium citrate in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a
surface modification agent in water. The emulsion was coated onto the surface of the PET substrate
to form a thin latex layer of silver citrate. And this was followed by drying at about 100 °C. Then,
the silver citrate thin film was deoxidized by aqueous ascorbic acid. Finally, a translucent silver thin
film was formed on the surface of the PET substrate. Properties of the silver citrate emulsion and
the silver film on the PET were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), laser particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), thermogravimetry(TG) ,UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy(AFM)
and digital multimeter analysis. It was found that the silver citrate particle surface-modified by PVP
has a nano-rod structure and homogeneous size distribution. The nano-rod was about 20 nm in
diameter and 200 nm in length. For the UV-visible absorption spectrum of the thin film exhibited an
absorption peak at 430 nm, the silver thin film prepared on the surface of the PET substrate was a
typical nano-scale sliver film. Measurements of the sliver thin film at room temperature indicated
that the silver film was electrically conductive, and the surface resistance was 2.42 k5/cm.
Room-Temperature Deposition of Nano-TiO2 Coating by Vacuum Cold Spraying Using TiCl4-Aagglomerated Nano-TiO2 Powder for Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Fan Sheng Qiang , Li Chang Jiu , Yang Guan Jun , Gao Jin Cheng , Zhang Ling Zi , Li Cheng Xin , Wang Yu Yue
Published: March 2009

TiCl4 treatment was used to chemically agglomerate TiO2 primary nano-particles to form a
nanostructured powder in size of submicrometer. Nanocrystalline TiO2 coatings were fabricated by
vacuum cold spraying at room temperature using the powder and were employed to assemble
dye-sensitized solar cells. TiO2 coating of 10-20μm in thickness was deposited successfully on both
F-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass and plastic conducting substrate. The assembled solar cell
with an FTO conducting glass yielded a short-circuit current density of 9.7 mA/cm2 and an energy
conversion efficiency of 3.3%. Using the plastic substrate, the cell efficiency was 1.9%. These results
suggest that TiCl4-treated nanocrystalline TiO2 agglomerates can be used to deposit TiO2 coating by
vacuum cold spraying at low temperature for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells.
Effects of Dimple Geometric Parameters on the Performance of a Laser-Textured Mechanical Seal
Authors: Peng Xu Dong , Sheng S.E. , Li J.Y. , Pan X.M. , Bai S.X.
Published: March 2009

A Reynolds equation is presented for the hydrodynamic pressure components between the
two faces of a partially or fully laser surface textured mechanical seal (LST-MS) by considering the
hydrostatic and hydrodynamic characteristics and cavitation within the sealing fluid film. Galerkin’s
method is used to set up the finite element model for the Reynolds equation. The effects of geometric
parameters of the spherical dimple on seal performance of a LST-MS are studied. The texturing
parameters are numerically optimized to obtain the maximum opening force and/or the maximum
ratio of fluid film stiffness to leakage rate. It is shown that a full LST-MS has stronger hydrodynamic
effect and lower frictional torque between the two faces than that of a partial LST-MS, but the latter
works at a less leakage and a more stable working state. Thus a partial LST-MS is recommended for
practical application for its better comprehensive seal performance.
Study on Arc Spraying Technique for Repairing Automobile Parts Based on Four Factors Experimental Method
Authors: Liu L.G.
Published: March 2009

The wear-resisting property and hardness of arc-sprayed coatings is affected by spraying
parameters, such as compressed air pressure, spraying current, spraying distance and wire feeding
speed. In this paper, the four factors orthogonal experiment method was applied to optimize those
four parameters. T12 high-carbon steel wire and SCDP-3 spray gun were used in the experiment.
SKODA-Savin plunge wear test machine and the HB3000 Brinell hardness tester were used to
measure the wear resistance and hardness of the coating. Based on the analyses of experimental data,
the relationship curves of four factors versus the wear resistance and hardness were set up separately.
The variance analysis of data shows that the gas pressure and spraying distance have the most
significant effect on the wear resistance, wire feeding speed has the effect on the wear resistance, and
the spraying current has less effect on the wear resistance. Four factors significantly affect the coating
hardness, however the compressed air pressure has the greatest effect on the coating hardness. By the
optimization analysis, the optimum parameters are obtained.
Figuration Control of Deposit in Friction Surfacing
Authors: Liu Xue Mei , Zou Zeng Da , Zhang Y.H. , Qu Shi Yao , Wang X.H.
Published: March 2009

Friction Surfacing is an advanced surface modification method, so it is of great importance
to study figuration mechanism of deposit in friction surfacing process for controlling deposit’s
quality. By friction surfacing, consumable-rod of 1Cr18Ni9Ti (321)was surfaced on the substrate of
mild steel (1020) by different process parameters (rotation speed, force and traverse speed). The
effects of process parameters on deposit’s figuration are discussed. Experiments show that deposit’s
width and thickness decrease linearly with increasing consumable-rod rotation speed; deposit’s width
increases and its thickness decreases with increasing force. If traverse speed between substrate and
consumable-rod increases, deposit’s thickness and width decrease simultaneously. According to
conservation of mass, the material transferring & figuration rules in friction surfacing were analyzed,
which explains the experimental results as well. So, figuration control methods of deposit in friction
surfacing are set up. In practice, process parameters must be chosen properly to ensure good
figuration. Only if process parameters are inside the feasible area, material can transfer fluently and
deposit with good figuration could be got.
Study on the Polishing Characteristics of the Magnetic Abrasives Finishing to the Slender Pipe
Authors: Chen Y. , Yan F. , Zhu C.Q.
Published: March 2009

Polishing the inner surface of slender pipe is very difficult. Because a usual tool cannot into
the inner surface of the slender pipe, and automation do not achieved easily; the eye is unable to see,
even if handmade is also very difficult. Utilize the characteristic of the magnetic force line may
penetrate the non-magnetic material, may using the magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) method
complete to the inner surface of the slender pipe precise polishing is a preferable method and already
obtained the good processing effect through the experiment. Therefore, this paper analysis and
explanation the finishing principle and experiment device as well as collocation position of magnetic
poles etc best experimental condition.
An Automatic High Velocity Arc Spraying System
Authors: Bai Jin Yuan , Chen Yong Xiong , Cheng Jiang Bo , Liang Xiu Bing , Xu Bin Shi
Published: March 2009

A new automatic high velocity arc spraying system was developed. The system was
consisted of five units, i.e. central control unit, operating machine, positioner, touching screen and
high velocity arc spraying equipment. The central control unit is controlled by a program, controlling
other four units. Spraying parameters could be input and modified on the touching screen during
spraying. The moving of spraying gun was carried out by motion arm of the operating machine. The
rotational velocity and angle of components to be sprayed was controlled by positioner. The spraying
process for a cylinder body of automobile engine with the system was introduced in detail. The auto
and manual arc spraying have been used to fabricate coating. The microstructure of the coatings
prepared by the two spraying processing was analyzed. The result shows that the auto sprayed coating
has a more uniform and compact structure than that of the manual sprayed coating.
Influences of SiC Particle Size and Content on the Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of the Composites with Al Matrix
Authors: Tao Yi Yi , Ge Xiao Lan , Xu Xiao Jing , Jiang Zuo
Published: March 2009

The SiCp/Al composites reinforced by SiC particles with various sizes and contents were
prepared by cold compacting and subsequent hot extruding. The mechanical and wear properties of
the compositions were investigated and the relevant mechanisms were discussed. It has been shown
that the tensile strength and wear resistance increases with increasing SiCp content. SiC particles
have a remarkable reinforcing effect on matrix Al. The composite with larger SiCp size (14μm)
possesses better wear resistance than that with smaller SiCp size (130nm).
Precision Enhancement of Ucp710 5-Axis Machine Tool by Real Time Thermal Error Compensation
Authors: Wang Xiu Shan , Shen Jin Hua , Yang Jian Guo
Published: March 2009

The thermal error model of the ucp710 5-axis machine tool was acquired by the
homogeneous coordinate transformation, and includes 17 thermal error components. The thermal
behavior of the ucp710 machine tool has been tested and the temperature fields were recorded by
the compensation control and temperature sensing systems. The developed compensation system
has been applied to the ucp710 5-axis machine tool, and the accuracy has been improved about 1
times after compensation, demonstrating a very high potential for the error compensation of CNC
machine tools.
The Study of Five-Axis Graphic Simulation by Swept Volume Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Li Qiang , Wang Yu Han , Chen Ming
Published: March 2009

Five-axis NC machining tools can improve the efficiency and accuracy obviously in
today’s machining industries, but the machining errors and tool interference are likely to happen
due to the complexity of tool motion. So the verification of the tool path is very important and
necessary before machining the part. A new algorithm for 5-axis machining verification based on
the swept volume has been presented in the paper. Based on the machine tool path and the cutter
geometry, the cutter’s instantaneous swept profile is determined. By integrating the intermediate
swept volume, the cutter’s swept envelope can be constructed and applied to NC verification. The
algorithm has been implemented through Visual C++ and OpenGL language on Windows XP
platform; a few examples are to verify the reliability of the proposed algorithms effectively. The
experiment results indicate that the proposed method is superior to the traditional methods on the
processing time and image quality. This proposed algorithm can be further applied to machining
error analysis, collisions interference and NC path optimization, etc.
Automatic Testing Equipment and Experiments Based on the Quantitative Shadow Method for Measuring Sub-Nanometer Deformations on Aspheric Surface
Authors: Xin Ke , Zuo Wei , Zhi Jing Feng
Published: March 2009

A novel quantitative shadow testing equipment is presented based on the digital imageprocessing
technique for characterizing local surface deformations on optical surface. Two
magnetic stepping motors control the positions of the knife-edge for cutting the wave-front reflected
back from the aspheric surface separately. At each position of the knife-edge blocking the image on
the focal plane, it is recorded and analyzed by an image-processing set-up behind the knife-edge
under computer control. Based on a group of images recorded, the analysis of local slopes is
performed by picking up characteristics of illumination levels. Further the relationship between the
changes of illumination level and deformations on surface is built on the principle of Fourier Optics.
The results of tests approve that the method is effective on determining the characteristics of two
parabolic surfaces using magnetorheological finishing.
Study on Fuzzy Data Fusion for Real-Time Intelligent Recognition of Tool Wear State
Authors: Ye Bang Yan , Liu Jian Ping , Peng Rui Tao , Tang Yong , Zhao Xue Zhi
Published: March 2009

For detecting gradual tool wear state on line, the methods of Wavelet Fuzzy Neural
Network, Regression Neural Network and Sample Classification Fuzzy Neural Network by detecting
cutting force, motor power of machine tool and AE signal respectively are presented. Although these
methods are not difficult to come true and processed accurately and rapidly, it is difficult to obtain
comprehensive information of machining and exact value of tool wear when using single method of
intelligent modeling and single signal detecting. For this purpose, fuzzy inference technique is
adopted to fuse the recognized data. Emulation experiment is carried out by using Matlab software
platform and this method is verified to be feasible. Experimental result indicates that by applying
fuzzy data fusion, we can get an exact tool wear forecast rapidly.
A Combined Experimental-Computational Strategy for the Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Bioactive Zinc-Silicate Glasses
Authors: Lusvardi Gigliola , Malavasi Ginaluca , Menabue Ledi , Menziani Maria Cristina
Published: March 2009

This review presents a combined experimental-computational strategy for the development of potential bioactive zinc–containing silicate glasses and shows how sound relationships among the structural role of some key elements that appear to control bioactivity can by established and exploit for rational glass design.
Hydraulic Pressure Wave Generator for Performing the Calibration of Hydraulic Components
Authors: Wang Sheng Hung , Han Lee Long , Tsung Tsing Tshih
Published: March 2009

One hydraulic pressure generator has been developed with a unique rotating valve and the
waveform of generated waves is approximately square-like shape under the low rotating speed. The
generated wave has advantages for research in the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic components.
The unique rotating valve consists of a rotor and stator which have a number of rectangle grooves
precisely milled on the peripheries of the rotor and stator as fluid channels. The rotating rotor
alternately switches the fluid channels to open and close state, therefore the waveform is close to
square in principle. The pressure transient on the generated wave plays a major role and influences
dynamic performances of generated wave. For analyzing the performances of the generator, one
sensitivity pressure transducer mounted on the outlet of the generator to measure waveform in time
domain. In addition, through Fourier series expansion the spectrum of generated waves clearly
indicates the harmonic components of generated waves. Results show the waveform is close to
square-like under the low rotating speed in time domain. In the frequency domain, the spectrum of the
generated wave demonstrates the bandwidth is abundant. Thus, the generator could be one kind of
function generator to performing the calibration of the hydraulic components.
A Novel Control Method Using Nonlinear Observer for a XYθz Planar Actuator
Authors: Arai Yoshikazu , Dian S.Y. , Gao Wei
Published: March 2009

In this study, a novel control law including a fine-tuned PID component to yield basic dynamic performance, and a component derived from the Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) to estimate and then compensate for modeling uncertainties and disturbances, has been introduced to planar actuator of an ultra-precision positioning stage. Experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of suggested dynamic compensation strategy and tracking performance of the non-contact planar actuator.
Automatic Inspection System for Grain Size Distribution Using a Commercial Grind Gauge
Authors: Yoshida M. , Yanagi Kazuhisa , Hafiz M.H. , Hara M.
Published: March 2009

Grind gauge is a measuring tool for size of grains or particles included in paint or ink. Its
geometrical specifications and operational procedure are regulated to some extent and partly
standardized in both ISO and JIS. However, only skilled technician can manage to handle it properly
and to obtain correct measurement results. The objective of this study is to develop an automatic
inspection system for the grain or particle size by use of artificial lighting and CCD camera with
image processing techniques. A telecentric lens system was constructed and high resolution CCD
camera was attached to it. Advantages of coaxial illumination and oblique illumination methods were
revealed and their applicability was examined respectively. The optical configuration to cover the
scale and the whole groove width of grind gauge was devised so that the captured image data could
contain both grain/particle distribution and height location. A proper software program followed by
image processing algorithm was established to reveal particle mark and liner mark.
On the Measurement of the Effective Refractive Index of Biological Colloids
Authors: García-Valenzuela Augusto , Sánchez Pérez Celia , Reyes-Coronado A. , Barrera R.G.
Published: March 2009

We address the problem of measuring the refractive index of biological materials. We limit our analysis to the case of colloids and consider the use of common automatic critical-angle refractometers to measure their effective refractive index. We provide rough guidelines to when these refractometers will incur in large errors and alternative techniques should be used.
Intelligent Profile Measurement for Wide-Area Resist Surface Using Multi-Sensor AFM System
Authors: Liu Shu Jie , Watanabe K. , Takahashi Satoru , Takamasu Kiyoshi
Published: March 2009

In the semiconductor industry, a device that can measure the surface-profile of photoresist
is needed. Since the photoresist surface is very smooth and deformable, the device is required to
measure vertical direction with nanometer resolution and not to damage it at the measurement. We
developed the apparatus using multi-cantilever and white light interferometer to measure the
surface-profile of thin film. But, this system with scanning method suffers from the presence of
moving stage and systematic sensor errors. So, in this paper, an error separation approach used
coupled distance sensors, together with an autocollimator as an additional angle measuring device,
was consulted the potentiality for self-calibration of multi-cantilever. Then, according to this method,
we constructed the experimental apparatus and do the measurement on the resist film. The results
demonstrated the feasibility that the constructed multi-ball-cantilever AFM system combined with an
autocollimator could measure the thin film with high accuracy.
Consistency Checking and Combining Measurement Results for a Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Duta M.D. , Henry Manus Patrick
Published: March 2009

Two similar approaches are presented for performing consistency checking of measured
data in cases where associated uncertainty values are provided. The key differences between the
approaches concern the determination of a consistent subset, and the treatment of measured data
deemed to fall outside that subset. The different approaches reflect the priorities of their respective
domains of application, namely on-line sensor monitoring, and interlaboratory comparisons.
Development of the Precision Stage with Nanometer Accuracy and a Millimeter Dynamic Range
Authors: Jeong D.H. , Kweon Hyun Kyu , Kim Y.S.
Published: March 2009

Most of the nano-positioning systems(stage) are accomplished by a flexure hinge
mechanism, which is two or three multilayer PZT actuators to realize the high accuracy and long
range[1]. In this paper, it can be made by a new nano stage with the bending characteristics of the
mechanical cantilever that is composed of the step motor, one multilayer PZT actuator and the
displacement sensor unit. The sensor unit consists of semiconductor LD, PD and sensor holder. The
displacement of stage is acquired by the bending control of the cantilever between the step motor
and the PZT actuator. The basic properties of the positioning stage are presented. From these
results, we can know that the new nano stage can be made by only one multilayer PZT actuator .