bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Calling it a Crisis”: Modes of Creative Labour and Magic in an Elite Architect Company
Authors: Hagen Aina Landsverk
Published: October 2017

In recent years we have seen a resurfacing of magic as an analytical category in anthropological literature, with particular emphasis on modern forms of occultism and witchcraft. Magic has yet to prove itself a useful analytical tool within the anthropology of organizations, and this article aims at understanding everyday work processes through the concepts of myth and magic. The discussion is based on empirical data from an internationally acclaimed architect company based in Norway, with a particular focus on a period of downsizing in the aftermath of the global financial crisis in 2008. The architects try to uphold an egalitarian, social-democratic ideology of creativity within a capitalist system and make use of a range of magical practices in order to succeed. The article shows how narrative flexibility transforms the brutality of downsizing into a mode of creative labour, and concludes that the internal dynamic between risk taking and risk reducing is inherent in both magical practices and capitalist systems.
Foreword
Authors: Fisher Melissa
Published: October 2017

Foreword to the Themed Issue:Anthropology of Versus Anthropology for Business: Exploring the Borders and Crossovers between an Anthropology of Business and Anthropological ConsultancyGuest editor: Daniela Peluso
The Job is in the Field: Notes from Municipal Anthropology
Authors: Nagle Robin
Published: October 2017

The Department of Sanitation in New York City is a mayoral agency with a key role in municipal government, but it also has the attributes of a powerful corporation. With an annual budget in excess of a billion dollars, it hires, monitors, and replaces private vendors and contractors for a host of essential services, balances the often conflicting demands of several unions, and answers to a watchful but perpetually critical public. As the Department's anthropologist-in-residence since 2006, my work has included consulting, advocacy, collaboration, education, and organizing various projects focused on the interface between Sanitation and that larger public. These efforts have helped me understand the urban environment from the perspective of those who keep it clean, while also letting me become intimately acquainted with the complex dynamics of a workforce that is generally scorned even while it is fundamental to the well-being of the metropolis it serves. This paper considers the model of anthropologist-in-residence as I've structured it within the DSNY, discusses contributions to an anthropology of organizations, and explores the possibility of similar relationships between anthropologists and other public and private institutions.
Which Analysts Benefited Most from Mandatory IFRS Adoption in Europe?
Authors: Beuselinck Christof , Joos Philip P. M. , Khurana Inder K. , van der Meulen Sofie
Published: October 2017

This study examines whether financial analysts' research structure and portfolio selection choices helped in improving relative earnings forecast accuracy around mandatory IFRS adoption in Europe. Using a sample of 68,665 one-year ahead forecasts for 1,980 publicly listed firms, we find that market-wide mandatory IFRS adoption in the European Union resulted in a significant improvement in the relative forecast accuracy of sector specialists compared to generalists, while country specialists retained a relative accuracy advantage independent of the period of study. Moreover, sector specialists outperformed generalists especially for firms with large local GAAP to IFRS income reconciliations in the first-time IFRS adoption year and when analysts' research portfolios prior to IFRS adoption exhibited high variability in local GAAP reporting practices. Additional analysis indicates that IFRS enabled analysts to initiate coverage of more firms, especially smaller ones, in their sector of specialization. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that mandatory IFRS adoption in Europe reduced information processing costs and enlarged the within-industry valuation scope.

JEL Classifications: G15; M41.
Evaluación de la pertinencia y calidad del programa educativo de licenciatura en contaduría: estudio de empleadores y egresados / Evaluation of the relevance and quality of the degree program in accounting: study of employers and graduates
Authors: Brito Laredo Janette , Ferreiro Martínez Velia Verónica , Isabel Garambullo Adriana
Published: October 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la pertinencia y calidad del Programa Educativo (PE) de la Licenciatura en Contaduría (LC) de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC). La población estuvo constituida por los egresados del programa y por los empleadores de donde laboran. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado y una entrevista semiestructurada a informantes claves.Los hallazgos de la investigación muestran un elevado nivel de satisfacción con el desempeño y los conocimientos de los egresados por parte de los empleadores, y que la inserción a la vida laboral del egresado es exitosa, de manera que se demuestra la pertinencia y calidad del programa; de igual forma, los resultados obtenidos ayudaron a detectar necesidades de servicios y de formación profesional del PE de la LC; se obtuvo evidencia para retroalimentar el plan de estudios, así como para mejorar algunos aspectos de la práctica educativa y la formación integral del licenciado en contaduría, tales como mejorar las habilidades de liderazgo de los estudiantes y mejorar el dominio del idioma inglés.
A BAF–2 fúrás töréses szerkezeti elemeinek mikroszerkezeti és cementáció vizsgálata (Bodai Agyagkő Formáció)
Authors: Hrabovszki Ervin , Tóth Emese , Raucsik Béla , Raucsikné Andrea Varga , Schubert Félix
Published: October 2017

A Nyugati-Mecsekben elhelyezkedő Bodai Agyagkő Formáció (BAF) a nagy aktivitású radioaktív hulladékok elhelyezésére szolgáló mélygeológiai tároló potenciális befogadó képződménye. Mivel a BAF porozitása és permeabilitása extrém kicsi, így abban fluidumáramlási útvonalak törések, szerkezeti inhomogenitások mentén jöhetnek létre. Ebből adódóan kiemelkedően fontos a BAF deformációtörténetének megismerése, melyről a repedések, repedésrendszerek hordoznak információt. Kutatásunk során a Boda község közelében mélyült BAF–2 fúrás 74,34–899,22 m közötti mélységtartományából származó 56 db fúrómagminta szerkezeti elemeinek morfológiai és ásványtani vizsgálatát végeztük el, továbbá az érkitöltések belső mikroszerkezetét értelmeztük. Az egyes repedésgenerációk cementfázisainak összetételét polarizációs mikroszkópos megfigyelések, röntgenfluoreszcens spektrometria és Raman mikrospektroszkópia segítségével elemeztük. A magpalástról készített felvételek alapján az ereket 22°, 42° és 70° átlagos dőlésszögű csoportba soroltuk. A repedéskitöltéseket ásványtani alapon két kategóriába osztottuk. Az első kategóriába sorolható erek dominánsan kalcit kitöltésűek, azonban a másodlagos repedéskitöltő ásványtársulások mintánként eltérően albit, albit-cölesztin, valamint kvarc-pirit lehetnek. A vizsgált repedéskitöltések második csoportjában kalcit-anhidrit a domináns kitöltő ásványegyüttes, amely mellett másodlagosan kvarc-barit-cölesztin, valamint albit-pirit-cölesztin jelenik meg. A repedéskitöltések szöveti elemzése során szintaxiális, antitaxiális és ataxiális növekedési morfológiával rendelkező ereket különböztettünk meg. Az ásványtani alapon közös kategóriába sorolható értípusok orientációbeli, valamint szöveti tulajdonságaik alapján azonban markánsan eltérő deformációs-és fluidumáramlási eseményeket jeleznek.
New gastropod records from the Cenozoic of Hungary
Authors: Vicián Zoltán , Krock Helmut , Kovács Zoltán
Published: October 2017

26 newly collected Cenozoic marine gastropod species from Hungary are briefly described. Two Lutetian (Eocene), two Egerian (Oligocene) and 22 Badenian (Miocene) species are represented; most of them are new records, others are illustrated for the first time from the country. Extended stratigraphic and palaeogeographic ranges of species are summarized. A new taxon is introduced: Lautoconus harzhauseri Kovács nov. sp.
A Badacsony freatomagmás piroklasztit-sorozata: következtetések a monogenetikus bazaltvulkáni működés folyamataira és formáira
Authors: Hencz Mátyás , Karátson Dávid , Németh Károly , Biró Tamás
Published: October 2017

A tanulmányban a Bakony–Balaton-felvidéki Vulkáni Terület (BBVT) legismertebb tanúhegyén, a Badacsonyon kibukkanó freatomagmás piroklasztit-sorozat első kvantitatív leírását és vulkanológiai értelmezését mutatjuk be. A piroklasztitok juvenilis / litikus törmelékeinek arányát pontszámlálásos módszerrel vizsgáltuk vágott kézipéldány-felszíneken. A felület%-ban kapott eredményeket a kőzetminták teljes térfogatára vonatkozónak vettük. E módszer segítségével meghatároztuk a freatomagmás robbanások relatív mélységét a szinvulkáni felszínhez képest, következtetéseket vontunk le a lehetséges szineruptív vulkánmorfológiára, valamint a terepi megfigyelések és korábbi tanulmányok alapján rekonstuáltuk a vulkán működésének teljes fejlődéstörténetét.

A képelemzés során megállapítottuk litikus elegyrészek minimális arányát. Ebből, valamint a piroklasztitok térbeli elterjedéséből és rétegtani helyzetéből valószínűsíthető, hogy a Badacsony egy monogenetikus (esetleg policiklikus) tufagyűrű vagy sekély maar vulkán volt, amelynek kialakulásában a víz-magma kölcsönhatás következtében történt sekély mélységű freatomagmás robbanások játszották a fő szerepet. A tufagyűrű vulkáni forma a litoklasztok kis mennyiségével alátámasztható. Viszonylag kevés litoklasztot tartalmazó freatomagmás kitörési termékek nem csak tufagyűrűk, hanem puha, konszolidálatlan kőzeten kialakuló sekély maarok képződményei is lehetnek, amely modell a Badacsony esetében is valószínűsíthető.

A terepi megfigyelések, valamint a képelemzés eredménye alapján a vulkanizmus freatomagmás robbanásos, lávaöntő és magmás robbanásos fázisokra osztható. Ezen adatok alapján vulkáni fejlődéstörténeti modellt állítottunk fel. A kevés korábbi, célzott vulkanológiai szemléletű munka miatt e „kezdeti” adatok megfelelő alapot adhatnak a további badacsonyi vulkanológiai kutatásoknak.
Efficient pricing of tourist sites
Authors: Árnason Ragnar
Published: October 2017

Foreign tourism has expanded very fast in Iceland in recent years. Much of this tourism targets relatively few places of particular natural beauty. This has resulted in two notable external effects; deterioration of some of the natural features of these sites and significant crowding in the more popular ones. These manifestations of scarcity suggest the social desirability of limiting access to these sites.Basic economic theory holds that optimal use of scarce resources may be accomplished by means of prices. On that basis this paper considers prices for access to natural tourist sites. Optimal pricing rules are derived, their content explained and their practical applicability considered. Comparison of these optimal pricing rules to those that might be set by individual owners is briefly examined. While motivated by the Icelandic problem, the findings of the paper have general applicability.
Technology Acceptance Model and the Use of Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL)
Authors: Ya'u Lawali , Idris Bashir , Sin Nazirah Binti Mat
Published: October 2017

The globalization of information technology has been an agent of changes in almost every aspect of our life especially in the way we learn. The current generation as referred to by Prensky (2001), “digital native”, has been fully influenced by the technology. This challenge created a pedagogic imbalance as the current learners becomes uncomfortable with the old traditional methods of teaching. As a result digital games were advocated. This research investigates the acceptance of DGBL among undergraduate students of Multimedia University of Malaysia. 171 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics which covered perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitudes towards use. The result indicated that, students with agreed and strongly agreed responses have higher mean and standard deviation. The research also verifies whether there exist any significant differences of the user demography (gender and age-group) and their attitude   towards use. Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test were used for the analysis. The result showed that there were no statistically significant differences.
Los usos estratégicos de la observación electoral. El caso de la Alianza Cívica en México (1994-2012)
Authors: Navarro Rodríguez Tania
Published: October 2017

En México se han sostenido debates sobre el fraude electoral desde finales de los años ochenta. A raíz de esto, se fundó una organización cuyo propósito es defender los derechos políticos y electorales: la Alianza Cívica. Atenta desde su fundación a observar las elecciones, esta organización ha ido poniendo en marcha actividades que controlen mejor las prácticas de los gobernantes. Con base en una vasta investigación sociohistórica, este artículo muestra cómo se constituyó y creció el repertorio de actividades de esta organización. Al conjugar la sociología del derecho y la bibliografía sobre relaciones internacionales, pone también en evidencia, por una parte, las tensiones que hay entre la Alianza Cívica y los diversos actores internacionales que promueven elecciones “libres y justas” y, por otra, cómo el uso del derecho permite que los actores al margen de la competencia política cuestionen asuntos delicados como la confianza en las instituciones públicas y la autoridad política.
KEKERASAN ATAS NAMA AGAMA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSTITUSI NEGARA
Authors: Zeinudin Moh.
Published: October 2017

Peristiwa kekerasan atas nama agama kerap terjadi di berbagai daerah diIndonesia. Kenyataan ini sungguh ironis terjadi, pada saat bangsa ini telahberkometmen menggulirkan reformasi di segala bidang demi mewujudkan kehidupanyang demokratis dan berkeadilan. Betapapun perangkat hukum sudah disiapkan untukmencapai tujuan reformasi, namun dalam kenyataannya keberagamaan yang eksklusiftelah memunculkan ektrimisme dan anarkisme beragama. Penghakiman yang dilakukankelompok agama tertentu terhadap kelompok agama lain yang tidak sepaham dan sealirankerap terjadi dimana-mana. Dalam situasi yang demikian, konstitusi negara danperan pemerintah sebagai birokrasi negara kembali dipertanyakan keberadaannya.Bertitiktolak dari uraian diatas, maka muncul kritik-kritik ilmiah yang tajam terhadapdoktrin agama yang diduga sebagai sumbu utama lahirnya kekerasan atas namaagama. Disamping itu, dialog antar iman dan antar mazhab (aliran) agama dianggapsebagai sebuah keniscayaan yang harus (terus) dilakukan untuk mewujudkanperdamaian, kerukunan hidup beragama, keadilan, dan kebebasan beragama danberkeyakinan berdasarkan konstitusi yang berlaku di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Kekerasan, Agama, Konstitusi, Negara.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MELINDUNGI TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA DI LUAR NEGERI
Authors: Andyanto Hidayat , Novita Dian
Published: October 2017

Kurangnya lapangan kerja di dalam negeri mengakibatkan banyaknya wargaNegara yang mencoba mengadu nasib mencari uang ke luar negeri dengan harapanakan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan-kebutuhan pokok bagi diri dan keluarga mereka baikkebutuhan akan sandang, pangan, papan, dan pendidikan. Undang-undang nomor 39Tahun 1999 pasal 38 ayat 2 tentang hak asasi manusia menyatakan bahwa wargaNegara berhak dengan bebas memilih pekerjaan yang disukainya. Oleh karenanyawarga Negara Indonesia tidak dapat dilarang untuk bekerja dimana saja termasuk diluar negeri dengan syarat sudah memnuhi segala persyaratan yang sudah di tetapkanoleh pemerintah demi keamanan, kenyamanan, dan kesejahteraan para tenaga kerjaIndonesia sejak akan berangkat, pada penempatan, dan pasca menjadi tenaga kerjaIndonesia. Penelitian ini diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan atau studi dokumen di manaliterature ataupun ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait denganpermasalahan yang diteliti. Dengan membaca buku-buku literature dan bahan hukumlain disamping dengan menginventarisir dan mengumpulkan bahan-bahan tertulislainnya. Di Indonesia masalah ketenaga kerjaan diatur dalam undang-undang nomor13 tahun 2003. Sebagaimana tercantum dalam undang-undang tersebut pembangunanketenagakerjaan di Indonesia secara umum ditujukan mendaya gunakan tenaga kerjasecara optimal dan manusiawi, mewujudkan pemerataan kesempatan kerja danpenyediaan tenaga kerja yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembangunan nasional dandaerah. Memberikan perlindungan kepada tenaga kerja dalam mewujudkankesejahteraan serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja dan keluarganya.Kata kunci: Pemerintah Daerah dan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG PIDANA MATI MENURUT UNDANG - UNDANG NOMOR 2/PNPS/TAHUN 1964 TENTANG PELAKSANAAN PIDANA MATI
Authors: Anwar Moh
Published: October 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tata cara pelaksanaan pidana mati di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalahmetode kualitatif untuk kemudian dilakukan tahapan analisisdeskriptif yaitu bahan hukum yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisa dengan metode deduktif yaitu bertolak dari peraturan -peraturan yang sifatnya umum dan diterapkan pada hal khusus yaituperistiwa terjadi. Dalam kajian ini digunakan pendekatan masalahsecara tinjauan yuridis normatif untuk secara umum menganalisispraktek dan penerapan dari Pnps No.2 Tahun 1964 sebagai aturanyang mengatur tentang tata cara pelaksanaan pidana mati yang berlakudi Indonesia. Pidana mati masih relevan diterapkan di Indonesia, karenapidana mati menjamin bahwa si penjahat tidak akan melakukan tindakpidana lagi. Pidana mati merupakan suatu alat represi yang kuat bagipemerintah, pidana mati menghemat keuangan Negara, diharapkanmasyarakat bersih dari tindakan-tindakan kejahatan dan akan terdiriatas warga yang baik-baik saja. Dan sebaiknya para petugas penegakhukum di Negara ini hendaknya lebih bersikap profesional danmenjunjung tinggi jiwa nasionalismenya untuk bangsa Indonesia yanglebih baik.
Comparativo entre os atributos químicos do solo amostrados de forma convencional e em malha
Authors: Ferraz Gabriel Araújo e Silva , Silva Fábio Moreira da , Oliveira Marcelo Silva de , Silva Flávio Castro da , Carvalho Luis Carlos Cirilo
Published: October 2017

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a estrutura e a magnitude da distribuição espacial de atributos do solo de uma lavoura cafeeira, realizando o mapeamento destes atributos para visualizar a distribuição espacial. Objetivou-se ainda comparar os teores apresentados pelos atributos do solo na amostragem convencional e amostragem em grade. Este trabalho foi conduzido na fazenda Brejão no município de Três Pontas, Minas Gerais, utilizando-se os atributos do solo: pH, P, Prem, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H + Al, m, T, t, SB, V e MO amostrados de forma convencional e em grade amostral quadrada de 64 pontos georreferenciados acrescida de 36 pontos de grade zoom. A análise destes dados por meio das técnicas geoestatísticas possibilitou caracterizar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos do solo em estudo, permitindo o mapeamento destas variáveis. Foi possível identificar as diferenças apresentadas nos teores dos atributos do solo comparativamente para a amostragem convencional e em grade georreferenciada para aplicação na cafeicultura de precisão.
Certificação fairtrade na cafeicultura brasileira: análises e perspectivas
Authors: Alvarenga Rafael Pazeto , Arraes Nilson Antonio Modesto
Published: October 2017

Este artigo contribui para o processo de tomada de decisão dos stakeholders da cafeicultura certificada fairtrade do Brasil. Faz um posicionamento amplo e atual sobre o cenário da certificação fairtrade na cafeicultura do Brasil. Foi desenvolvido por meio de revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas em instituições ligadas à certificação no Brasil. Seus principais resultados indicam que: i) metade das cooperativas de cafeicultores do Brasil se certificaram entre 2009 e 2015; ii) em poucas cooperativas estão concentrados a maior parte dos cafeicultores e das vendas de café fairtrade do Brasil ; iii) pesquisas científicas brasileiras apontam que a certificação tem contribuído para a melhoria da gestão das propriedades e para a internacionalização dos negócios; iv) literatura internacional indica vantagens, mas também problemas na distribuição dos benefícios e muitos casos onde os impactos da certificação para a cafeicultura foram irrisórios.  Ainda não é possível afirmar se a certificação fairtrade está ou não atingindo seus objetivos no contexto agregado da cafeicultura do Brasil.
Determinação do índice de volume de pulverização para a cultura do café
Authors: Sousa Jose Marcio Sousa , Alves Ruas Renato Adriane Alves Ruas Adriane , Silva Carlos Diego Silva Diego , Faria Vinícius Ribeiro Faria Ribeiro , Carvalho Filho Alberto Carvalho Filho , Vieira Lucas Caixeta Vieira Caixeta
Published: October 2017

O ajuste do volume de calda de acordo como o volume de vegetação tem-se mostrado uma forma de tornar as aplicações de agrotóxicos mais eficientes. Porém, para adoção deste método para o cafeeiro ainda é necessário a determinação do Índice volumétrico. Assim, objetivou-se determinar do índice volumétrico de pulverização para a cultura do café (Coffea arabica .) Os tratamentos foram dispostos em blocos seguindo fatorial (5 x 5), sendo cinco volumes de calda (200; 300; 500; 600 e 800 L ha-1) e cinco volumes vegetativos (TRV), com quatro repetições. Realizou-se a avaliação de densidade foliar previamente às aplicações dos tratamentos em três estádios de desenvolvimento (enchimento, maturação e pós-colheita dos frutos). Analisou-se a deposição de calda (DEP), densidade de gotas (DEN), diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV) das gotas e amplitude relativa (SPAN) do espectro de gotas. Os volumes de calda aplicados foram convertidos em índice volumétrico (IV). Não houve interação ente TRV e volume de calda (p > 0,05) para as variáveis respostas DEP e DEN. Na avaliação realizada durante o estádio de maturação, a densidade foliar foi 29% superior à época de pós-colheita e a DEP máxima obtida foi de 0,74 µL cm-2. O DMV médio obtido foi de 217 µm e o SPAN de 1,1. O ajuste da curva de DEN de acordo com o IV permitiu estimar uma redução em até 47% do volume de calda aplicado. Concluiu-se que o ajuste do IV de acordo com as variações de densidades foliares permite reduzir o volume de calda aplicado em lavouras de café.
Propagação vegetativa do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) por miniestacas
Authors: Rezende Tiago Teruel , Carvalho Samuel Pereira de , Bueno Filho Júlio Sílvio de Sousa , Honda Filho Cássio Pereira , Simões Luana De Cássia , Paulino Ricardo Nascimento Lutfala , Oliveira Leonardo Luiz , Nascimento Thales Lenzi Costa
Published: October 2017

A introdução de métodos que permitem a clonagem do cafeeiro pode ser útil em programas de melhoramento genético e até mesmo para a produção comercial de mudas. Entre os métodos de propagação vegetativa, a estaquia tem possibilitado melhores resultados, no entanto, um dos entraves para a produção em escala comercial é a quantidade reduzida de ramos ortotrópicos produzidos pela planta matriz. Uma alternativa seria a utilização de miniestaquia, a qual é amplamente usada na produção de mudas de eucalipto. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar o emprego da técnica de miniestaquia na formação de mudas clonais de Coffea arabica L. em diferentes volumes de tubetes. Foram avaliados cinco tipos de miniestacas oriundas de diferentes porções do ramo ortotrópico (apical, semiapical, intermediária, semibasal e basal) e dois volumes de tubete (50 e 120 cm³). O experimento foi implantado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado disposto em um esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Foram observadas diferenças apenas entre os tipos de miniestacas oriundas das diferentes porções dos ramos ortotrópicos. As miniestacas das porções semiapical, intermediárias e semibasal dos ramos ortotrópicos promovem melhor crescimento das mudas clonais de cafeeiros, independentemente do volume do tubete utilizado.
Tolerância ao déficit hídrico em mudas de genótipos de café portadores de genes de diferentes espécies
Authors: Carvalho Filipe Gimenez , Sera Gustavo Hiroshi , Andreazi Elder , Sera Tumoru , Fonseca Inês Cristina De Batista , Carducci Fernando Cesar , Shigueoka Luciana Harumi , Holderbaum Melina Marques , Costa Kamila Carmezini
Published: October 2017

A seca é um dos fatores limitantes ao desenvolvimento dos cafeeiros arábicos e fontes de tolerância existem nas diferentes espécies de Coffea spp. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a tolerância à seca em mudas de 21 genótipos de café, portadores de genes de diferentes espécies, por meio da avaliação do grau de murchamento de suas folhas quando submetidas a períodos de restrição hídrica. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com 24 repetições de uma muda de seis meses de idade por parcela. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR) em Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Foram efetuadas duas avaliações visuais, por um índice de murcha das folhas, com notas de 1 a 9, seis dias após o início da restrição hídrica. As avaliações visuais quanto à intensidade de murcha em mudas permitiram discriminar satisfatoriamente genótipos com maior tolerância à seca. O genótipo mais tolerante à seca foi IAPAR 11260, um Coffea arabica (portador de genes de Coffea racemosa), seguido de Coffea arabica da Etiópia E368, ‘IPR 100’ (portador de genes de Coffea liberica) e ‘IPR 103’ (portador de genes de Coffea canephora). O Coffea canephora cv. ‘Apoatã IAC 2258’ foi mais sensível à seca do que todos os genótipos de Coffea arabica.
Micorrizas arbusculares em cafeeiro coffea arabica l.: Revisão e meta-análise
Authors: Cogo Franciane Diniz , Guimarães Paulo Tácito Gontijo , Rojas Enrique Pouyú , Saggin Júnior Orivaldo José , Siqueira Jose Oswaldo , Carneiro Marco Aurelio Carbone
Published: October 2017

O cafeeiro, planta de importância econômica mundial, apresenta elevado grau de micotrofia para a absorção de nutrientes, em especial de fósforo, cujas fontes são escassas, requeridas em grande quantidade em solos tropicais. Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) e a cultura do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica) têm sido objeto de estudo há mais de três décadas e, por isso, é relevante analisar e reunir esses estudos de maneira quantitativa e qualitativa, empregando-se meta-análise e revisão crítica dos avanços e tendências. Nesta revisão foi discutido aspecto de distribuição geográfica, ecologia, efeitos no crescimento vegetal, nutrição mineral, micotrofismo, eficiência simbiótica e suas aplicações, com ênfase nas pesquisas realizadas no Brasil. Empregando as bases de dados eletrônicas Cab Abstracts, Springerlink, Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, ISI, Lilascs, Woldcat, foram 73 estudos analisados entre artigos, dissertações e teses. A meta-análise mostrou a importância dos FMAs para o crescimento, nutrição de plantas e produção de grãos. No entanto, fica evidente ainda uma lacuna na avaliação dos diferentes manejos adotados na cultura do cafeeiro e seus efeitos nos FMAs e a necessidade de ampliar as pesquisas, em condições de campo, para se conferir a contribuição real dos FMAs como biofertilizantes e bioestimulantes e no biocontrole para o cafeeiro.
Tipos de plantio e fertilizante biológico no cafeeiro em função do índice térmico
Authors: Aparecido Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira , Souza Ivan Tomé de , Miranda Gustavo Rabelo Botrel , Moraes José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral de , Moraes-Oliveira Adriana Ferreira de , Paula Francisco Vitor de
Published: October 2017

A fase de implantação do cafeeiro consiste em uma das etapas mais importantes da cultura. Vale ressaltar, que os diferentes sistemas de implantação proporcionam condições distintas de desenvolvimento das culturas. Além disso, visando um bom desenvolvimento inicial do cafeeiro, os produtores têm aplicado em lavouras recém-transplantadas adubos biológicos, que têm como vantagem a melhora da biota do solo, além da redução de custos com a aquisição de fertilizantes minerais. Poucas pesquisas têm testado de forma conjunta a eficiência dos diferentes sistemas de implantação e a adubação biológica no cafeeiro. Assim, objetivou-se testar a eficácia de diferentes tipos de plantio e do fertilizante biológico no crescimento inicial do cafeeiro arábica, cultivar Catucaí, em função do índice térmico. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 com 4 repetições, num total de 6 tratamentos. Foram utilizados: a) três sistemas de implantação (plantio convencional, o plantio direto na cova e cultivo mínimo); e b) duas doses do adubo biológico (presença e ausência). Foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento e a primeira safra do cafeeiro. As avaliações foram realizadas em função dos graus dias contabilizados a partir da data de plantio. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias agrupadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. As plantas de café implantadas no sistema de plantio “em covas” evidenciaram os melhores resultados, tanto nos parâmetros vegetativos como na produtividade. A utilização da adubação biológica no cafeeiro arábica recém-transplantado não promoveu melhorias no crescimento vegetativo e primeira produção do cafeeiro.
Produção de mudas de café arábica em substrato composto de resíduo da secagem dos grãos
Authors: Meneghelli Lorena Aparecida Merlo , Lo Monaco Paola Alfonsa Vieira , Haddade Ismail Ramalho , Meneghelli Caroline Merlo , Krause Marcelo Rodrigo , Vieira Gustavo Haddad Souza
Published: October 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de moinha (resíduo da secagem dos grãos) na composição de um substrato alternativo para a produção de mudas de café arábica, cultivar ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ IAC- 99. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, sendo quatro proporções de moinha (10, 20, 30 e 40% do volume do substrato misturado com o solo) e um substrato testemunha (solo e esterco na proporção de 3:1) na produção de mudas de café arábica. As variáveis avaliadas foram: número de folhas, altura de plantas, diâmetro do coleto, matéria seca da parte aérea e raiz, matéria seca total e condutividade elétrica do substrato, todas realizadas aos 180 dias após o semeio. O aumento da concentração de moinha promove o aumento da condutividade elétrica nos substratos. Concentrações de até 30% de moinha na composição do substrato podem ser utilizadas como uma opção alternativa ao uso do substrato com esterco bovino e sem fornecimento de nutrientes via fertilizantes. No entanto, a concentração de 20% de moinha na composição do substrato promove os maiores valores de número de folhas, diâmetro de coleto e matéria seca de raiz.
Influência de fatores econômicos na oferta cafeeira do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Moraes Adriano Ferreira de , Moraes-Oliveira Adriana Ferreira de , Aparecido Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira , Moraes José Reinaldo Silva Cabral , Moraes Silvia Martins de
Published: October 2017

O café é uma das commodities agrícolas fundamentais para a economia brasileira e poucos estudos têm avaliado a influência das variáveis econômicas na oferta cafeeira. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho mensurar a influência que as variáveis econômicas promovem na variação da oferta do café arábica na região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizadas séries históricas de produção cafeeira e de variáveis econômicas do período de 2000-2015. As variáveis econômicas foram: crédito rural total, o crédito rural da agricultura, a área colhida de café, o valor adicionado na agropecuária, a participação da agropecuária no valor adicionado total, valor da produção do cafeeiro e valor adicionado fiscal dos municípios. Na modelagem utilizou-se de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla (RLM), sendo a oferta cafeeira a variável dependente e as variáveis econômicas as variáveis independentes. O modelo desenvolvido para estimar a oferta do cafeeiro em função das variáveis econômicas demonstrou elevada significância (p < 0,05). A evolução da oferta cafeeira é significativamente sensível às variações dos fatores econômicos. As variáveis econômicas com maior influência na variação da oferta cafeeira são a área colhida de café e o valor de produção do café.
PRECEPT: an evidence assessment framework for infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control
Authors: Harder Thomas , Takla Anja , Eckmanns Tim , Ellis Simon , Forland Frode , James Roberta , Meerpohl Joerg J , Morgan Antony , Rehfuess Eva , Schünemann Holger , Zuiderent-Jerak Teun , de Carvalho Gomes Helena , Wichmann Ole
Published: October 2017

Decisions in public health should be based on the best available evidence, reviewed and appraised using a rigorous and transparent methodology. The Project on a Framework for Rating Evidence in Public Health (PRECEPT) defined a methodology for evaluating and grading evidence in infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control that takes different domains and question types into consideration. The methodology rates evidence in four domains: disease burden, risk factors, diagnostics and intervention. The framework guiding it has four steps going from overarching questions to an evidence statement. In step 1, approaches for identifying relevant key areas and developing specific questions to guide systematic evidence searches are described. In step 2, methodological guidance for conducting systematic reviews is provided; 15 study quality appraisal tools are proposed and an algorithm is given for matching a given study design with a tool. In step 3, a standardised evidence-grading scheme using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group (GRADE) methodology is provided, whereby findings are documented in evidence profiles. Step 4 consists of preparing a narrative evidence summary. Users of this framework should be able to evaluate and grade scientific evidence from the four domains in a transparent and reproducible way.
Infectious disease screening in asylum seekers: range, coverage and economic evaluation in Germany, 2015
Authors: Bozorgmehr Kayvan , Wahedi Katharina , Noest Stefan , Szecsenyi Joachim , Razum Oliver
Published: October 2017

Screening asylum seekers for infectious diseases is widely performed, but economic evaluations of such are scarce. We performed a policy analysis and economic evaluation of such screening in Germany, and analysed the effect of screening policies on cost differences between federal states. Of the 16 states, screening was compulsory for tuberculosis (TB) in asylum seekers ≥ 16 years of age in all states as well as in children < 16 years of age and pregnant women in six states, hepatitis B and enteropathogens in three, syphilis in two and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in one state. Of 441,899 asylum seekers, 88.0% were screened for TB, 22.9% for enteropathogens, 16.9% for hepatitis B, 13.1% for syphilis and 11.3% for HIV. The total costs for compulsory screening in 2015 were 10.3 million euros (EUR). Costs per case were highest for infections with Shigella spp. (80,200 EUR), Salmonella spp. (8,000 EUR), TB in those ≥ 16 years of age (5,300 EUR) and syphilis (1,150 EUR). States with extended screening had per capita costs 2.84 times those of states that exclusively screened for TB in asylum seekers ≥ 16 years of age (p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.96–4.10). Screening practices in Germany entailed high costs; evidence-based approaches to infectious disease screening are needed.
Effects of Alkaline Pre-Etching to Metal Hydride Alloys
Authors: Meng Tiejun , Young Kwo-Hsiung , Hu Chaolan , Reichman Benjamin
Published: October 2017

The responses of one AB5, two AB2, four A2B7, and one C14-related body-centered-cubic (BCC) metal hydrides to an alkaline-etch (45% KOH at 110 °C for 2 h) were studied by internal resistance, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma, and AC impedance measurements. Results show that while the etched rare earth–based AB5 and A2B7 alloys surfaces are covered with hydroxide/oxide (weight gain), the transition metal–based AB2 and BCC-C14 alloys surfaces are corroded and leach into electrolyte (weight loss). The C14-predominated AB2, La-only A2B7, and Sm-based A2B7 showed the most reduction in the internal resistance with the alkaline-etch process. Etched A2B7 alloys with high La-contents exhibited the lowest internal resistance and are suggested for use in the high-power application of nickel/metal hydride batteries.
Photocatalytic Decolorization of Dye with Self-Dye-Sensitization under Fluorescent Light Irradiation
Authors: Molla Md. Ashraful Islam , Tateishi Ikki , Furukawa Mai , Katsumata Hideyuki , Suzuki Tohru , Kaneco Satoshi
Published: October 2017

A dye-sensitization technique was applied to effective catalysts—TiO2 and ZnO—under fluorescent light irradiation for Orange II (OII) and Methyl Orange (MO) degradations. Treatments were carried out at different time periods using 20 mg of catalysts and 30 mL of 5 mg/L of OII and MO. The degradation efficiency of OII and MO increased with increasing irradiation time under irradiation of fluorescent light. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles was better compared with that of TiO2 for MO; and the ZnO activity was the same as TiO2 for OII photodegradation. Kinetic behavior was evaluated in terms of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model (pseudo-first order kinetic). The possible mechanism of photodegradation under fluorescent light was discussed.
Hybrid Sequencing of Full-Length cDNA Transcripts of Stems and Leaves in Dendrobium officinale
Authors: He Liu , Fu Shuhua , Xu Zhichao , Yan Jun , Xu Jiang , Zhou Hong , Zhou Jianguo , Chen Xinlian , Li Ying , Au Kin Fai , Yao Hui
Published: October 2017

Dendrobium officinale is an extremely valuable orchid used in traditional Chinese medicine, so sought after that it has a higher market value than gold. Although the expression profiles of some genes involved in the polysaccharide synthesis have previously been investigated, little research has been carried out on their alternatively spliced isoforms in D. officinale. In addition, information regarding the translocation of sugars from leaves to stems in D. officinale also remains limited. We analyzed the polysaccharide content of D. officinale leaves and stems, and completed in-depth transcriptome sequencing of these two diverse tissue types using second-generation sequencing (SGS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. The results of this study yielded a digital inventory of gene and mRNA isoform expressions. A comparative analysis of both transcriptomes uncovered a total of 1414 differentially expressed genes, including 844 that were up-regulated and 570 that were down-regulated in stems. Of these genes, one sugars will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) and one sucrose transporter (SUT) are expressed to a greater extent in D. officinale stems than in leaves. Two glycosyltransferase (GT) and four cellulose synthase (Ces) genes undergo a distinct degree of alternative splicing. In the stems, the content of polysaccharides is twice as much as that in the leaves. The differentially expressed GT and transcription factor (TF) genes will be the focus of further study. The genes DoSWEET4 and DoSUT1 are significantly expressed in the stem, and are likely to be involved in sugar loading in the phloem.
Inhibitory Effects of 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate on CH4 and N2O Emissions in Paddy Fields of Subtropical China
Authors: Yin Shan , Zhang Xianxian , Jiang Zaidi , Zhu Penghua , Li Changsheng , Liu Chunjiang
Published: October 2017

3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) has been widely employed to reduce nitrogen leaching and greenhouse gas emissions in the soils of dry farmlands. However, the effects of DMPP on the dynamics of nitrogen in paddy fields remain unclear. For this study, treatments with 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, or 1.5% DMPP levels of nitrogen fertilization plus urea were designed to determine the effects on greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields of subtropical China. All DMPP treatments significantly reduced CH4 and N2O emissions, from 54% to 34%, and 94% to 39%, respectively, compared with a urea fertilizer treatment alone. The soil NH4+ content decreased and NO3− increased more slowly with the application of DMPP. The crop yields under the various DMPP treatments showed no significant difference (p < 0.05). We concluded that the application of 0.5% and 1% DMPP may significantly reduce CH4 and N2O emissions in contrast to other treatments. This has important implications for the maintenance of rice yields, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields.
Foster Care Dynamics and System Science: Implications for Research and Policy
Authors: Wulczyn Fred , Halloran John
Published: October 2017

Although system is a word frequently invoked in discussions of foster care policy and practice, there have been few if any attempts by child welfare researchers to understand the ways in which the foster care system is a system. As a consequence, insights from system science have yet to be applied in meaningful ways to the problem of making foster care systems more effective. In this study, we draw on population biology to organize a study of admissions and discharges to foster care over a 15-year period. We are interested specifically in whether resource constraints, which are conceptualized here as the number of beds, lead to a coupling of admissions and discharges within congregate care. The results, which are descriptive in nature, are consistent with theory that ties admissions and discharges together because of a resource constraint. From the data, it is clear that the underlying system exerts an important constraint on what are normally viewed as individual-level decisions. Our discussion calls on extending efforts to understand the role of system science in studies of child welfare systems, with a particular emphasis on the role of feedback as a causal influence.
Subsistence Food Production Practices: An Approach to Food Security and Good Health
Authors: Rankoana Sejabaledi
Published: October 2017

Food security is a prerequisite for health. Availability and accessibility of food in rural areas is mainly achieved through subsistence production in which community members use local practices to produce and preserve food. Subsistence food production ensures self-sufficiency and reduction of poverty and hunger. The main emphasis with the present study is examining subsistence farming and collection of edible plant materials to fulfill dietary requirements, thereby ensuring food security and good health. Data collected from a purposive sample show that subsistence crops produced in the home-gardens and fields, and those collected from the wild, are sources of grain, vegetables and legumes. Sources of grain and legumes are produced in the home-gardens and fields, whereas vegetables sources are mostly collected in the wild and fewer in the home-gardens. These food sources have perceived health potential in child and maternal care of primary health care.
A Unique TGFB1-Driven Genomic Program Links Astrocytosis, Low-Grade Inflammation and Partial Demyelination in Spinal Cord Periplaques from Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Nataf Serge , Barritault Marc , Pays Laurent
Published: October 2017

We previously reported that, in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with a progressive form of the disease, spinal cord periplaques extend distance away from plaque borders and are characterized by the co-occurrence of partial demyelination, astrocytosis and low-grade inflammation. However, transcriptomic analyses did not allow providing a comprehensive view of molecular events in astrocytes vs. oligodendrocytes. Here, we re-assessed our transcriptomic data and performed co-expression analyses to characterize astrocyte vs. oligodendrocyte molecular signatures in periplaques. We identified an astrocytosis-related co-expression module whose central hub was the astrocyte gene Cx43/GJA1 (connexin-43, also named gap junction protein α-1). Such a module comprised GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and a unique set of transcripts forming a TGFB/SMAD1/SMAD2 (transforming growth factor β/SMAD family member 1/SMAD family member 2) genomic signature. Partial demyelination was characterized by a co-expression network whose central hub was the oligodendrocyte gene NDRG1 (N-myc downstream regulated 1), a gene previously shown to be specifically silenced in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of MS patients. Surprisingly, besides myelin genes, the NDRG1 co-expression module comprised a highly significant number of translation/elongation-related genes. To identify a putative cause of NDRG1 downregulation in periplaques, we then sought to identify the cytokine/chemokine genes whose mRNA levels inversely correlated with those of NDRG1. Following this approach, we found five candidate immune-related genes whose upregulation associated with NDRG1 downregulation: TGFB1 (transforming growth factor β 1), PDGFC (platelet derived growth factor C), IL17D (interleukin 17D), IL33 (interleukin 33), and IL12A (interleukin 12A). From these results, we propose that, in the spinal cord periplaques of progressive MS patients, TGFB1 may limit acute inflammation but concurrently induce astrocytosis and an alteration of the translation/elongation of myelin genes in oligodendrocytes.
Reductive Stress in Inflammation-Associated Diseases and the Pro-Oxidant Effect of Antioxidant Agents
Authors: Pérez-Torres Israel , Guarner-Lans Verónica , Rubio-Ruiz María Esther
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Reductive stress (RS) is the counterpart oxidative stress (OS), and can occur in response to conditions that shift the redox balance of important biological redox couples, such as the NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH, and GSH/GSSG, to a more reducing state. Overexpression of antioxidant enzymatic systems leads to excess reducing equivalents that can deplete reactive oxidative species, driving the cells to RS. A feedback regulation is established in which chronic RS induces OS, which in turn, stimulates again RS. Excess reducing equivalents may regulate cellular signaling pathways, modify transcriptional activity, induce alterations in the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins, reduce mitochondrial function, decrease cellular metabolism, and thus, contribute to the development of some diseases in which NF-κB, a redox-sensitive transcription factor, participates. Here, we described the diseases in which an inflammatory condition is associated to RS, and where delayed folding, disordered transport, failed oxidation, and aggregation are found. Some of these diseases are aggregation protein cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and metabolic syndrome, among others. Moreover, chronic consumption of antioxidant supplements, such as vitamins and/or flavonoids, may have pro-oxidant effects that may alter the redox cellular equilibrium and contribute to RS, even diminishing life expectancy.
Process Modeling of Composite Materials for Wind-Turbine Rotor Blades: Experiments and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Wieland Birgit , Ropte Sven
Published: October 2017

The production of rotor blades for wind turbines is still a predominantly manual process. Process simulation is an adequate way of improving blade quality without a significant increase in production costs. This paper introduces a module for tolerance simulation for rotor-blade production processes. The investigation focuses on the simulation of temperature distribution for one-sided, self-heated tooling and thick laminates. Experimental data from rotor-blade production and down-scaled laboratory tests are presented. Based on influencing factors that are identified, a physical model is created and implemented as a simulation. This provides an opportunity to simulate temperature and cure-degree distribution for two-dimensional cross sections. The aim of this simulation is to support production processes. Hence, it is modelled as an in situ simulation with direct input of temperature data and real-time capability. A monolithic part of the rotor blade, the main girder, is used as an example for presenting the results.