bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends and Solar Irradiance Effects in the Mesosphere
Authors: Qian Liying , Jacobi Christoph , McInerney Joseph
Published: January 2019

We investigate trends and solar irradiance effects in the mesosphere using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with eXtended thermosphere and ionosphere (WACCM‐X) and radar measurements of winds at Collm (51°N, 13°E), for the period of 1980–2014. We found that in the mesosphere, dynamics significantly impact temperature and wind trends, as well as how solar irradiance affects the temperature and winds. The global average temperature trends are negative, with a maximum of ~−1 K per decade in the middle to lower mesosphere. Solar irradiance effects on the global average temperature are positive and decrease monotonically with decreasing altitude, changing from ~3 K/100 solar flux units (sfu) near the mesopause to ~1 K per 100 sfu in the lower mesosphere. In the summer upper mesosphere, temperature trends can become near 0 or positive, likely due to dynamical effects. Both wind trends and solar effects on the winds show dynamical patterns with negative and positive values, indicating that they are predominantly controlled by dynamics. The wind trends and solar effects on the winds are on the orders of ~±5 m/s per decade and ~±5 m/s per 100 sfu, respectively, and they are not as statistically significant as their temperature counterparts. At Collm (51°N, 13°E), the observed zonal winds at 90 km have a larger trend of 1.98 m/s per decade compared to the simulated zonal winds and it is statistically significant, but both the simulated and observed meridional winds do not have statistically significant trends.
Aseismic Deep Slab and Mantle Flow Beneath Alaska: Insight From Anisotropic Tomography
Authors: Gou Tao , Zhao Dapeng , Huang Zhouchuan , Wang Liangshu
Published: January 2019

We present high‐resolution 3‐D images of P wave velocity (Vp), azimuthal anisotropy (AAN), and radial anisotropy (RAN) down to 900‐km depth beneath Alaska obtained by inverting a large number of high‐quality arrival time data from local earthquakes and teleseismic events simultaneously. Our results show that the high‐Vp Pacific slab has subducted down to 450‐ to 500‐km depths. A prominent slab gap is revealed at depths of 65–120 km near the Wrangell volcanic field, which is likely a slab tear acting as a channel that provides ascending mantle materials to generate magmas feeding the surface volcanoes. In the back‐arc mantle wedge near the eastern slab edge, the AAN exhibits trench‐parallel fast‐velocity directions (FVDs), which may reflect along‐strike mantle flow. The FVDs in the subducting Pacific slab are nearly east‐west, which may indicate fossil anisotropy formed at the mid‐ocean ridge. A negative RAN is revealed within the subducting slab, which may be caused by the fast plate subduction with a steep dip angle. Trench‐normal FVDs of the AAN are revealed in the mantle below the Pacific slab, which may reflect mantle flow entrained by the subducting slab. A positive RAN is revealed in the mantle beneath the Yakutat slab, indicating that its shallow subduction flattens the mantle flow below the slab to be subhorizontal. Along‐strike FVDs of the AAN around the eastern slab edge may indicate the edge‐induced toroidal mantle flow.
New Analysis Provides a Fresh View of the Atmosphere on Venus
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: January 2019

Researchers apply a radio holographic method to standard Venusian atmospheric data, resulting in outputs with finer vertical resolution and revealing small-scale atmospheric structures.
Genetic and environmental influences on structural brain measures in twins with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hegarty John P. , Pegoraro Luiz F. L. , Lazzeroni Laura C. , Raman Mira M. , Hallmayer Joachim F. , Monterrey Julio C. , Cleveland Sue C. , Wolke Olga N. , Phillips Jennifer M. , Reiss Allan L. , Hardan Antonio Y.
Published: January 2019

Atypical growth patterns of the brain have been previously reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but these alterations are heterogeneous across individuals, which may be associated with the variable effects of genetic and environmental influences on brain development. Monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs with and without ASD (aged 6–15 years) were recruited to participate in this study. T1-weighted MRIs (n = 164) were processed with FreeSurfer to evaluate structural brain measures. Intra-class correlations were examined within twin pairs and compared across diagnostic groups. ACE modeling was also completed. Structural brain measures, including cerebral and cerebellar gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume, surface area, and cortical thickness, were primarily influenced by genetic factors in TD twins; however, mean curvature appeared to be primarily influenced by environmental factors. Similarly, genetic factors accounted for the majority of variation in brain size in twins with ASD, potentially to a larger extent regarding curvature and subcortical GM; however, there were also more environmental contributions in twins with ASD on some structural brain measures, such that cortical thickness and cerebellar WM volume were primarily influenced by environmental factors. These findings indicate potential neurobiological outcomes of the genetic and environmental risk factors that have been previously associated with ASD and, although preliminary, may help account for some of the previously outlined neurobiological heterogeneity across affected individuals. This is especially relevant regarding the role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of ASD, in which certain brain structures may be more sensitive to specific influences.
Activation of TGF-β signaling in an aortic aneurysm in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome caused by a novel loss-of-function variant of TGFBR1
Authors: Hara Hironori , Takeda Norifumi , Fujiwara Takayuki , Yagi Hiroki , Maemura Sonoko , Kanaya Tsubasa , Nawata Kan , Morita Hiroyuki , Komuro Issei
Published: January 2019

Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is caused by variants of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-related genes and is characterized by aortic aneurysm and dissection. We report an LDS patient with a de novo missense variant of TGFBR1 [c.1126A>G, p.(Lys376Glu)] in which active TGF-β signaling was observed in the aorta, despite the in vitro demonstration that the loss-of-function mutation lies within the serine/threonine kinase domain. The mechanism underlying this TGF-β paradox in LDS aortopathy should be further investigated.
Antibiotic collateral sensitivity is contingent on the repeatability of evolution
Authors: Nichol Daniel , Rutter Joseph , Bryant Christopher , Hujer Andrea M. , Lek Sai , Adams Mark D. , Jeavons Peter , Anderson Alexander R. A. , Bonomo Robert A. , Scott Jacob G.
Published: January 2019

Antibiotic resistance represents a growing health crisis that necessitates the immediate discovery of novel treatment strategies. One such strategy is the identification of collateral sensitivities, wherein evolution under a first drug induces susceptibility to a second. Here, we report that sequential drug regimens derived from in vitro evolution experiments may have overstated therapeutic benefit, predicting a collaterally sensitive response where cross-resistance ultimately occurs. We quantify the likelihood of this phenomenon by use of a mathematical model parametrised with combinatorially complete fitness landscapes for Escherichia coli. Through experimental evolution we then verify that a second drug can indeed stochastically exhibit either increased susceptibility or increased resistance when following a first. Genetic divergence is confirmed as the driver of this differential response through targeted and whole genome sequencing. Taken together, these results highlight that the success of evolutionarily-informed therapies is predicated on a rigorous probabilistic understanding of the contingencies that arise during the evolution of drug resistance.
Combining LOPIT with differential ultracentrifugation for high-resolution spatial proteomics
Authors: Geladaki Aikaterini , Kočevar Britovšek Nina , Breckels Lisa M. , Smith Tom S. , Vennard Owen L. , Mulvey Claire M. , Crook Oliver M. , Gatto Laurent , Lilley Kathryn S.
Published: January 2019

The study of protein localisation has greatly benefited from high-throughput methods utilising cellular fractionation and proteomic profiling. Hyperplexed Localisation of Organelle Proteins by Isotope Tagging (hyperLOPIT) is a well-established method in this area. It achieves high-resolution separation of organelles and subcellular compartments but is relatively time- and resource-intensive. As a simpler alternative, we here develop Localisation of Organelle Proteins by Isotope Tagging after Differential ultraCentrifugation (LOPIT-DC) and compare this method to the density gradient-based hyperLOPIT approach. We confirm that high-resolution maps can be obtained using differential centrifugation down to the suborganellar and protein complex level. HyperLOPIT and LOPIT-DC yield highly similar results, facilitating the identification of isoform-specific localisations and high-confidence localisation assignment for proteins in suborganellar structures, protein complexes and signalling pathways. By combining both approaches, we present a comprehensive high-resolution dataset of human protein localisations and deliver a flexible set of protocols for subcellular proteomics.
Lsd1 as a therapeutic target in Gfi1-activated medulloblastoma
Authors: Lee Catherine , Rudneva Vasilisa A. , Erkek Serap , Zapatka Marc , Chau Lianne Q. , Tacheva-Grigorova Silvia K. , Garancher Alexandra , Rusert Jessica M. , Aksoy Ozlem , Lea Robin , Mohammad Helai P. , Wang Jianxun , Weiss William A. , Grimes H. Leighton , Pfister Stefan M. , Northcott Paul A. , Wechsler-Reya Robert J.
Published: January 2019

Drugs that modify the epigenome are powerful tools for treating cancer, but these drugs often have pleiotropic effects, and identifying patients who will benefit from them remains a major clinical challenge. Here we show that medulloblastomas driven by the transcription factor Gfi1 are exquisitely dependent on the enzyme lysine demethylase 1 (Kdm1a/Lsd1). We demonstrate that Lsd1 physically associates with Gfi1, and that these proteins cooperate to inhibit genes involved in neuronal commitment and differentiation. We also show that Lsd1 is essential for Gfi1-mediated transformation: Gfi1 proteins that cannot recruit Lsd1 are unable to drive tumorigenesis, and genetic ablation of Lsd1 markedly impairs tumor growth in vivo. Finally, pharmacological inhibitors of Lsd1 potently inhibit growth of Gfi1-driven tumors. These studies provide important insight into the mechanisms by which Gfi1 contributes to tumorigenesis, and identify Lsd1 inhibitors as promising therapeutic agents for Gfi1-driven medulloblastoma.
Assessment of HMGA2 and PLAG1 rearrangements in breast adenomyoepitheliomas
Authors: Pareja Fresia , Geyer Felipe C. , Brown David N. , Sebastião Ana P. Martins , Gularte-Mérida Rodrigo , Li Anqi , Edelweiss Marcia , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , Selenica Pier , Wen Hannah Y. , Jungbluth Achim A. , Varga Zsuzsanna , Palazzo Juan , Rubin Brian P. , Ellis Ian O. , Brogi Edi , Rakha Emad A. , Weigelt Britta , Reis-Filho Jorge S.
Published: January 2019

Breast adenomyoepitheliomas (AMEs) are rare epithelial-myoepithelial neoplasms that may occasionally produce myxochondroid matrix, akin to pleomorphic adenomas (PAs). Regardless of their anatomic location, PAs often harbor rearrangements involving HMGA2 or PLAG1. We have recently shown that the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations of AMEs varies according to their estrogen receptor (ER) status; whilst the majority of ER-positive AMEs display mutually exclusive PIK3CA or AKT1 hotspot mutations, up to 60% of ER-negative AMEs harbor concurrent HRAS Q61 hotspot mutations and mutations affecting either PIK3CA or PIK3R1. Here, we hypothesized that a subset of AMEs lacking these somatic genetic alterations could be underpinned by oncogenic fusion genes, in particular those involving HMGA2 or PLAG1. Therefore, we subjected 13 AMEs to RNA-sequencing for fusion discovery (n = 5) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for HMGA2 and PLAG1 rearrangements (n = 13). RNA-sequencing revealed an HMGA2-WIF1 fusion gene in an ER-positive AME lacking HRAS, PIK3CA and AKT1 somatic mutations. This fusion gene, which has been previously described in salivary gland PAs, results in a chimeric transcript composed of exons 1–5 of HMGA2 and exons 3–10 of WIF1. No additional in-frame fusion genes or HMGA2 or PLAG1 rearrangements were identified in the remaining AMEs analyzed. Our results demonstrate that a subset of AMEs lacking mutations affecting HRAS and PI3K pathway-related genes may harbor HMGA2-WIF1 fusion genes, suggesting that a subset of breast AMEs may be genetically related to PAs or that a subset of AMEs may originate in the context of a PA.
A sensitive photoelectrochemical assay of miRNA-155 based on a CdSe QDs//NPC-ZnO polyhedra photocurrent-direction switching system and target-triggered strand displacement amplification strategy
Authors: Meng Leixia , Li Yanmei , Yang Ruiying , Zhang Xiaohua , Du Cuicui , Chen Jinhua
Published: January 2019

A new photoelectrochemical biosensor based on a CdSe QD//NPC-ZnO polyhedra photocurrent-direction switching system and a target-triggered strand displacement amplification strategy was developed for the detection of miRNA-155.
Decoupling the roles of carbon and metal oxides on the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen on La1−xSrxCoO3−δ perovskite composite electrodes
Authors: Mefford J. Tyler , Kurilovich Aleksandr A. , Saunders Jennette , Hardin William G. , Abakumov Artem M. , Forslund Robin P. , Bonnefont Antoine , Dai Sheng , Johnston Keith P. , Stevenson Keith J.
Published: January 2019

Experiment and microkinetic modeling decouple the synergistic roles of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ perovskite oxides and carbon additives during the oxygen reduction reaction.
Elucidating the role of key structural motifs in antifreeze glycoproteins
Authors: Pandey Poonam , Mallajosyula Sairam S.
Published: January 2019

Plausible structural alignment of antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) relative to the ice lattice highlighting the role of both Ala and GalNAc methyl groups binding to the ice plane.
Valley polarization and ferroelectricity in a two-dimensional GaAsC6 monolayer
Authors: Ma Xikui , Ai Haoqiang , Gao Han , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Weifeng , Zhao Mingwen
Published: January 2019

The coexistence of valley polarization and ferroelectricity was demonstrated in a two-dimensional hybrid structure of GaAs and graphene. The integration of valley polarization and ferroelectricity in a single material offers a promising platform for the design of electronic devices.
A study of the reactions of Al+ions with O3, N2, O2, CO2and H2O: influence on Al+chemistry in planetary ionospheres
Authors: Daly Shane M. , Bones David L. , Plane John M. C.
Published: January 2019

First measurements of Al+ion reaction kinetics relevant to meteor-ablated metal chemistry in planetary upper atmospheres.
Detection of engineered nanoparticles in aquatic environments: current status and challenges in enrichment, separation, and analysis
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yang Junhan , Cai Zhongxia , Feng Yudong , Wang Yafeng , Zhang Daoyong , Pan Xiangliang
Published: January 2019

The development of enrichment–separation–analysis technologies is the cornerstone of accurately detecting, effectively monitoring, and controlling ENPs in aquatic environments.
Environmentally friendly SPPS I. Application of NaOH in 2-MeTHF/methanol for Fmoc removal
Authors: Přibylka Adam , Krchňák Viktor , Schütznerová Eva
Published: January 2019

Focusing on the step-by-step transformation of the traditional solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) into an environmentally friendly process, we herein report the elimination of environmentally hazardous components (piperidine, DMF and DCM) from this technique.
A liquid metal based capacitive soft pressure microsensor
Authors: Zhou Xuyan , Zhang Renchang , Li Luojia , Zhang Lunjia , Liu Bingxin , Deng Zhongshan , Wang Lejing , Gui Lin
Published: January 2019

A PDMS-based handy microsensor for on-chip microscale integrable pressure monitoring with high resolution.
Etching of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers into nanoribbon arrays
Authors: Wang Zixing , Zhang Xiang , Hachtel Jordan A. , Apte Amey , Tiwary Chandra S. , Vajtai Robert , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Ozturk Ramazan , Ajayan Pulickel
Published: January 2019

A facile mechano-chemical method was developed to etch TMDC monolayers into anisotropic nanoribbon arrays through wet chemistry. The etching is done under both the effect of chemical reaction with ascorbic acid, and mechanical detachment from the substrate using water's dipole moment.
Improvement of the electrochemical performance of a nickel rich LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode material by reduced graphene oxide/SiO2 nanoparticle double-layer coating
Authors: Razmjoo Khollari Mohammad Amin , Paknahad Pouyan , Ghorbanzadeh Milad
Published: January 2019

Improvement of the electrochemical properties of a LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode material by SiO2/reduced graphene oxide double-layer coating.
Supramolecular self-assembly of triazine-based small molecules: targeting the endoplasmic reticulum in cancer cells
Authors: Ghosh Chandramouli , Nandi Aditi , Basu Sudipta
Published: January 2019

We developed supramolecular self-assembled nanoparticles for targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in cancer cells.
Li2B24: the simplest combination for a three-ring boron tube
Authors: Dong Xue , Jalife Said , Vásquez-Espinal Alejandro , Barroso Jorge , Orozco-Ic Mesías , Ravell Estefanía , Cabellos José Luis , Liang Wei-yan , Cui Zhong-hua , Merino Gabriel
Published: January 2019

Herein we introduce a strategy employing lithium atoms as a scaffold to stabilize an embryo for boron tubes.
Enhanced intramolecular charge transfer of unfused electron acceptors for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Qin Ran , Yang Weitao , Li Shuixing , Lau Tsz-Ki , Yu Zhipeng , Liu Zhang , Shi Minmin , Lu Xinhui , Li Chang-Zhi , Chen Hongzheng
Published: January 2019

The mediation of non-covalent interactions allowed unfused structures to exhibit a nearly planar configuration with strong charge-transfer effects, thereby ensuring efficient organic solar cells.
Effect of resveratrol on drug resistance in colon cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Huang Lu , Zhang Sheng , Zhou Jun , Li Xiangzhou
Published: January 2019

To investigate the effects of resveratrol on the drug resistance of 5-FU in the colon cancer chemotherapy, an MTT assay was used to detect the effects of 5-FU and resveratrol combined with 5-FU on the proliferation of the LoVo and SW480 cell lines.
Microbial oil production from acidified glycerol pretreated sugarcane bagasse by Mortierella isabellina
Authors: Cai Guiqin , Moghaddam Lalehvash , O'Hara Ian M. , Zhang Zhanying
Published: January 2019

A microbial oil production process consisting of acidified glycerol pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial oil production by M. isabellina NRRL 1757 and oil recovery by hydrothermal liquefaction of fungal biomass in fermentation broth was assessed.
Teaching Medical Students Skills for Effective Communication With Patients Who Have Communication Disorders
Authors: Baylor Carolyn , Burns Michael , McDonough Karen , Mach Helen , Yorkston Kathryn
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Patients with communication impairments including speech, language, cognition, or hearing disorders face many barriers to communication in health care settings. These patients report loss of autonomy in health care decision making, are at increased risk for medical errors, and are less satisfied with health care than patients without communication disorders. Although medical students receive training in effective patient–provider communication, most of this training assumes patients have intact communication abilities. Medical students and other health care providers are often unprepared to meet the communication needs of patients with communication disorders in health care encounters. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a curriculum for training medical students to communicate effectively with patients who have a range of communication disorders.

Method

Twenty-six 2nd-year medical students volunteered for assessments before and after a required workshop in a class. This workshop included instruction about different types of communication disorders and communication strategies, followed by practice with standardized patients portraying different communication disorders. Outcome measures included a knowledge test, ratings of self-efficacy, and evaluation of students' skills when interviewing standardized patients portraying aphasia and dysarthria.

Results

Medical students demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge, self-efficacy, and use of recommended communication techniques.

Conclusions

The curriculum appeared effective in changing medical students' knowledge and skills for working with patients with communication disorders. Equipping medical students to meet the needs of patients with communication disorders is 1 key element for improving the quality of health care for this patient population.
Optimal deployment of remote‐controlled switches in distribution networks considering laterals
Authors: Izadi Milad , Farajollahi Mohammad , Safdarian Amir
Published: January 2019

Remote‐controlled switch (RCS) placement problem is used to optimally deploy the switches in distribution networks to enhance system reliability. The candidate locations of RCSs are usually assumed at the main feeder while the possible locations on the laterals are ignored. This study studies the impact of considering laterals as potential switch locations and demonstrates that deploying RCSs in laterals would change the optimal number and location of the switches. To do so, this study proposes a mathematical model for the switch deployment problem by taking into account the laterals. The proposed model is formulated in mixed integer linear programming format which can be solved via commercial solver in an effective runtime. The effectiveness of the model is scrutinised through simulating a sample radial distribution feeder, a standard test system, and a practical distribution network. Also, to illustrate the superiority of the proposed model, the results are compared with those achieved via previous models.
Optimal line flows based on voltage profile, power loss, cost and conductor temperature using coordinated controlled UPFC
Authors: Sen Deepro , Acharjee Parimal
Published: January 2019

In the context of flexible operation and bidirectional line flows in modern transmission systems, suitable line flows are essential for safe, secure and stable power systems. Improper line flows may deteriorate stability and longevity of transmission lines. To avoid line outage and faults, improvement in thermal margin of conductors by regulating line flows is a practical consideration. To maintain and control the line flows, the unified power flow controller (UPFC) is the most appropriate compensating device. Thus, in this study, line flows are considered as state variables to optimise several functions, like, voltage deviation index, active and reactive power losses, temperature of conductors and cost of UPFC. The UPFC is modelled with practical losses like switching, coupling and internal transmission losses. Suitable line flows are obtained for the 30‐bus and 57‐bus test systems by applying an adaptive‐version of the wind‐driven optimisation (AWDO) algorithm. The AWDO is designed using two innovative tuning parameters: a decaying friction coefficient to reduce the probability of stagnation, and an adaptive velocity function to maintain diversity. The results are compared among different cases of line flows, validating the necessity of the technical challenge. The performance of AWDO is compared with other techniques, suggesting its superiority over other methods.
Comparing scenario reduction methods for stochastic transmission planning
Authors: Park SangWoo , Xu Qingyu , Hobbs Benjamin F.
Published: January 2019

Policy, technology, and economic uncertainties affect the net benefits of grid reinforcements, and should be considered in planning. Stochastic optimisation can improve the robustness and expected performance of transmission plans, but is computationally intensive because model size grows as more scenarios are considered. Therefore, the ability to find a small number of scenarios while still capturing the benefits of stochastic programming is crucial. In this study, the authors evaluate the performance of several promising scenario sampling methods. Criteria for comparison include an index of the economic consequences of simplifying scenarios (the expected cost of naïve solution), changes in first‐stage investment decisions, and maximum regret. The results of an application to multidecadal planning of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council system show that solutions perform well when based on scenarios chosen by either a distance‐based method or the stratified scenario section method with moment‐matched probabilities. In particular, for this application, these methods’ results closely resemble solutions obtained from a much larger model using the full scenario set, and surprisingly have a lower worst case regret. Thus, careful scenario reduction can result in useful models that are more easily solved or, alternatively, can be expanded to accommodate other important features of power systems and markets.
Two multi‐optional multi‐level demand‐contracting optimisers with considering energy resources
Authors: Ferdavani Ali Khorasani , Hooshmand Rahmat‐Allah
Published: January 2019

In the market, the aggregators offer various proposals for an electrical customer, who selects one among all of them. The proposals may include different numbers of levels of uncontracting capacity rates, demand and energy prices, measuring intervals and billing periods. To schedule the best contract between user and electricity supply provider for upcoming months, two new approaches are presented here to solve the multi‐optional multi‐level demand‐contracting problem. First, the feasible region is curtailed to the certain edged points and then, the optimal proposal and contracting demand (CD) are obtained by either direct or indirect proposed method. Moreover, a robustness analysis on the solution due to having errors in the forecasted maximum demands and changing the generations of the connected energy resource (ER) or installing a new one is presented. Some useful stability indices are also proposed. Likewise, updating the optimal solution due to having such errors is presented. Various numerical tests are taken place to analyse the influence of each parameter of the problem on the optimum and compare the proposed techniques. The results highlight the efficient capability of the proposed methods in fast obtaining the optima and stability investigation on the solution.
Sparse representation based multi‐frame image super‐resolution reconstruction using adaptive weighted features
Authors: Nandi Debashis , Karmakar Jayashree , Kumar Amish , Mandal Mrinal Kanti
Published: January 2019

This study presents a novel sparse‐representation based multi‐frame super‐resolution (SR) technique to reconstruct a high‐resolution (HR) frame from multiple noisy low‐resolution (LR) frames by using registration in sub‐pixel accuracy and adaptive weighted feature operators. First, the registration of multiple frames in sub‐pixel level and the mapping of pixels from LR frames to HR grid puts more information into the reconstructed image with respect to the conventional sparse representation based single image SR technique. This improves the overall resolution of the output image. Second, the introduction of adaptive weighted feature operators in the reconstruction process has significantly improved the robustness of the algorithm to noisy input frames. Hence, from the outputs, it can be seen that the proposed method outperforms the recent techniques in terms of noise robustness even in the higher noise level in the input image. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and quantified through a set of well‐defined quality metrics and compared with some recently developed techniques. The results of the proposed technique confirm the claims of the authors.
MFO‐based thresholded and weighted histogram scheme for brightness preserving image enhancement
Authors: Bhandari Ashish Kumar , Maurya Shubham , Meena Ayur Kumar
Published: January 2019

Histogram equalisation (HE) is a simple and effective image enhancement technique. However, it suffers from excessive brightness change and provides degradation in the visual aspect of the image. To overcome the shortcomings in the HE, a novel histogram framework is proposed in this study. The image histogram is first segmented into two parts using the Otsu's thresholding method. Then, both of the upper and lower histograms are constrained to control the level of enhancement. These constraint parameters are computed through moth‐flame optimisation algorithm. After constraining the histograms, mean shift correction is performed to ensure there is a minimum level of mean shifting from input to output image. Traditional HE is then applied with a modified histogram to obtain mapping function for lower and upper grey level individually. This enhanced image provides a balance between the level of enhancement and preservation of the important features of the image for high‐level processing. The effectiveness of the proposed method is highlighted with a detailed comparison with other closely related schemes. Through the proposed routine, the enhanced images achieve a good trade‐off between features enhancement, low contrast boosting, and brightness preservation in addition to the natural feel of the original image.
Compressive spectral feature sensing
Authors: Wang Zelong , Zhu Jubo
Published: January 2019

To reduce the size of spectral data, compressive sensing imaging systems are developed to sample fewer measurements than the Nyquist‐rate ones, from which the original data can be recovered by the optimisation model and algorithm. However, this is not a cheap option for the case where the real‐time acquisition of spectral information is required. To solve this problem, the authors propose a novel sensing approach for spectral features by combining the sampling, recovery and feature extraction. Inspired by the spectral feature representation, the sampling (sensing) matrix is designed from the training spectral samples to sense the spectral features of the imaging scene, which can be utilised for classification and recognition directly. Besides, the physical realisation of the sensing matrix for compressive spectral imaging systems is demonstrated by designing new modulation patterns of the digital micro‐mirror device. The experimental results on real spectral data show the feasibility of the proposed scheme and the robustness to the quantisation error and the measurement noise. Moreover, the proposed sensing approach can reduce the cost of computation and time greatly by removing the sparse recovery and feature extraction..
Spatially varying blur estimation from a single image
Authors: El‐Shekheby Shereen , Abdel‐Kader Rehab F. , Zaki Fayez W.
Published: January 2019

Detection of single image spatially varying blur is a challenging task. Here, the authors propose a powerful spatially varying blur detection method. Blur is detected from a single image without requiring any prior knowledge about the parametric blur kernel, the camera settings, or information about the input image. The proposed approach detects both motion and defocus blurred regions in partially blurred images. First, blur‐type classification is performed using Hough transform and the structured learning edge‐detection method. Second, the initial blur kernel is estimated with a kernel direction that maximises the likelihood of a local window being blurred by incorporating either vertical or positive diagonal kernels. Blur detection is implemented using a kernel‐specific feature. Third, initial blur image regions are refined with the support of the reduced edges image segmentation (CCP) method. Finally, neighbouring information is utilised to refine detected blur results. Comparative results reveal accuracy improvements in the image blur detection results at a reasonable execution time.
Modelling of wind power plant transmission system for harmonic propagation and small‐signal stability studies
Authors: Kocewiak Łukasz Hubert , Aristi Iván Arana , Gustavsen Bjørn , Hołdyk Andrzej
Published: January 2019

This study presents the impact of wind power plant components modelling on harmonics propagation and harmonic small‐signal stability studies. Different types of cable and transformer modelling techniques are taken into consideration, e.g. state‐of‐the‐art standard models and latest academic developments. The models are compared based on system‐level studies in a real‐life large offshore wind power plant. It is shown that the use of detailed cable and transformer models increases the overall damping estimation in the system, and therefore improves the resonance characteristics and small‐signal stability margins of the investigated wind power plant.
Social welfare maximisation of market based wind integrated power systems by simultaneous coordination of transmission switching and demand response programs
Authors: Arasteh Farzad , Riahy Gholam H.
Published: January 2019

The non‐preventable ever‐increasing rate of wind power generation in market‐based power systems faces the operators with challenging situations for making optimal decisions. So, it is essential to equip the operators with applicable control strategies and further corresponding control facilities. Moreover, the high‐priority of cheap wind power utilisation increases the probability of transmission lines congestion. Therefore, different solutions such as transmission switching (TS) and demand response (DR) programs have been recently introduced to manage the intermittent wind power generations. Accordingly, this study addresses the social welfare maximisation problem with coordinated control of TS and DR facilities to handle the regarding uncertainties using yet another linear matrix inequality parser (YALMIP). In fact, rapid algorithm and powerful employed solvers as well as simplicity of use, make YALMIP a practical modelling and optimisation toolbox. In this respect, the MOSEK solver is preferred by YALMIP to solve the proposed mixed integer linear programming problem. In addition, wind power uncertainty is modelled using the discrete‐time Markov chain approach and optimisations are performed on the 8‐bus and the large‐scale IEEE 118‐bus test systems. Results show that the proposed control strategy is highly capable of maximising social welfare by determining the optimal control commands in a real‐time manner.
Hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2 nanoflowers and their capacitive property
Authors: Yang Qinghua , Xiao Chunni , Chen Bingbing , Ma Lin , Xu Limei
Published: January 2019

MoS2 hierarchical nanoflowers are fabricated through a gelatin‐assisted hydrothermal route. The obtained MoS2 products are characterised by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectra. It is indicated that MoS2 nanoflowers (MoS2 NFs) are assembled by nanosheets as building blocks and gelatin plays a crucial role in the formation of these novel structures. Moreover, MoS2 NF electrode exhibits an enhanced capacitive property because of its unique microstructure.
Air jet impingement to reduce hot strip wave on a run-out table
Authors: Woo Young Yun , Han Sang Wook , Cho Jin Rae , Moon Young Hoon
Published: January 2019

Traveling stability is necessary for a hot rolled strip on a run-out table before coiling in steel mills because it affects the process efficiency and the quality of the rolled products. This study proposes an air jet impingement system to reduce the hot strip wave that occurs during tensionless travel in a run-out table before the top end of the strip reaches the coiler mandrel. The finite element method was used to examine the pressure distributions on the moving strip associated with the parameters in the air jet systems. Experiments were carried out on a pilot-scale air jet impingement system to investigate the performance. The results show that the air impingement in the moving direction effectively reduces the strip wave, and the simulated results agree with the actual measurements and observations.
Stufentherapie der COPD
Authors: Watz Henrik , Kirsten Anne , Greulich Timm
Published: January 2019

The goal of pharmacologic therapy of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is to reduce symptoms, improve exercise intolerance and health-related quality of life, and to reduce exacerbations. Inhaled long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) are equally effective for the symptomatic management of COPD. However, LAMAs are more effective than LABAs in the reduction of exacerbations. In patients with symptomatic COPD pharmacologic therapy is usually escalated using the fixed combination of LAMAs and LABAs (dual bronchodilation), which is also superior to LAMA monotherapy in the prevention of exacerbations. Adding inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to LABA and LAMA (triple therapy) for a prevention of exacerbations results in a further reduction of exacerbations, especially in those patients with higher blood eosinophil counts. Non-pharmacologic management of COPD patients includes smoking cessation programs, vaccination, pulmonary rehabilitation, and strategies to improve or maintain their physical activity.
Sepsis-Update: evidenzbasierte Therapie
Authors: Martin Lukas , Bickenbach Johannes , Marx Gernot
Published: January 2019

Sepsis und septischer Schock stellen medizinische Notfälle dar, die einer kompetenten Früherkennung und eines entsprechenden sofortigen, zielgerichteten Managements bedürfen. Die Therapie der Sepsis und des septischen Schocks hat sich während der letzten Jahre kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Evidenz der Therapie der Sepsis und des septischen Schocks und deren Umsetzung in die klinische Praxis.
Die Medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation (MBOR) in der Neurologie erfordert eine individualisierte Rehabilitandenidentifikation
Authors: Leniger Tobias , Heßling Andrea
Published: January 2019

Zur Erhöhung einer erfolgreichen beruflichen Wiedereingliederung nach akuter oder bei chronischer Erkrankung entwickelte die Deutsche Rentenversicherung die medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation (MBOR) als strategische Weiterentwicklung der herkömmlichen medizinischen Rehabilitation. Obwohl in einigen Indikationen bereits Überlegenheitsnachweise der MBOR gegenüber der herkömmlichen Rehabilitation hinsichtlich der beruflichen Wiedereingliederung vorliegen, gelang dies für die Neurologie bisher noch nicht. Aktuelle Studien zur MBOR in der Neurologie verweisen auf die Vielschichtigkeit klinisch anamnestischer Charakteristika der MBOR-Zielgruppe, die eine Definition einer besonderen beruflichen Problemlage (BBPL) als Zugangsvoraussetzung in die neurologische MBOR erschwert. Zudem beeinflussen die heterogenen Störungsbilder, die zahlreichen Komorbiditäten und die Rehabilitationsform (AHB, HV) eine BBPL-Identifikation maßgeblich. So identifizieren standardisierte BBPL-Screeninginstrumente mit dem Fokus auf sozialmedizinische Kriterien eine BBPL unzureichender als eine Individualanamnese. In der Neurologie empfiehlt sich trotz höheren Aufwands ein individualisiertes BBPL-Screening zur Beginn der Rehabilitationsmaßnahme.
Schnell wieder schmerzfreie Gelenke – Rheumatoide Arthritis: Gelenkersatz und Nachbehandlung
Authors: Lautenbach Martin , Jourdan Joanna
Published: January 2019

Menschen mit rheumatisch veränderten Fingergelenken benötigen nach einem Gelenkersatz eine gezielte Rehabilitation. Diese hängt von der Art der Operation ab. Handchirurg Dr. Lautenbach stellt den palmaren Zugang, Ergotherapeutin Joanna Jourdan die dafür entwickelte handtherapeutische Nachbehandlung vor.
Früher mobilisiert – früher entlassen?
Authors: Kluger Daniel
Published: January 2019

Anhand dreier ausgewählter Studien geht Autor Daniel Kluger der Frage nach,
inwieweit sich Frühmobilisation auf die Krankenhausverweildauer von Patienten
auswirkt. Obwohl die drei Studien unterschiedliche Limitationen aufweisen,
deuten sie doch alle darauf hin, dass Frührehabilitation und -mobilisation zu
einer kürzeren Krankenhausaufenthaltsdauer führen können.
Pancreatic pseudocyst-portal vein fistula with refractory hepatic pseudocyst: Two cases treated with EUS cyst-gastrostomy and review of the literature
Authors: Eccles John , Wiebe Edward , D’Souza Pernilla , Sandha Gurpal
Published: January 2019

Background and study aims Pseudocysts are the most common pancreatic cystic lesions and they usually develop in association with pancreatitis of at least 4 weeks’ duration. Extra-pancreatic pseudocysts, although reported, are relatively uncommon. Secondary liver pseudocysts are recognized within the literature, and most patients described have required percutaneous or surgical drainage due to infection or symptoms. The mechanism of hepatic pseudocyst formation is not entirely clear but it is postulated that this phenomenon may occur through pseudocyst-portal vein fistulization. We describe two cases of patients presenting with pancreatic pseudocysts invading the portal venous system with embolization of pancreatic fluid to the liver and subsequent hepatic pseudocyst formation. Interestingly, liver pseudocyst resolution was incomplete with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage alone, and only occurred following endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreatic cyst-gastrostomy and metal stent insertion. We have reviewed the current literature on the diagnosis and management of pseudocyst-portal vein fistula formation and we believe that our cases represent the first published within the literature to describe this treatment approach.
Väterchen Frost kann in Rente gehen – Mythos Kryotherapie
Authors: Bringeland Nils E.
Published: January 2019

Manchmal lohnt es sich, Altbekanntes zu überdenken. Schaut man genau hin, ist etwa die Wirkung von Kryotherapie nicht nachgewiesen. Weder scheint sie bei Schwellungen zu helfen noch bei Schmerzen. Im Gegenteil: Kälteanwendungen während der Wundheilung können sogar schaden, sagt Physiotherapeut Nils E. Bringeland.
Bone Metastases – Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Testing and Therapy (Part 2)
Authors: Koob Sebastian , Kehrer Michael , Strauss Andreas , Jacobs Cornelius , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Schmolders Jan
Published: January 2019

The second part of this review deals with the several options for the surgical therapy of bone metastases according to their anatomical site and the patientʼs individual prognosis. Although metastases to the bone – with few exceptions – are normally given palliative therapy, patients nowadays reach survival times of several months to years, depending on the underlying tumour entity. Scoring systems are suitable to estimate the patientʼs prognosis and fracture risk. The indication for operation has to be adapted to these parameters. In order to preserve a high quality of life, a limb saving procedure has to be aimed at. The options include the resection of the metastasis with stabilisation, the sole stabilisation of the affected bone, and wide resection with limb reconstruction using a modular tumor endoprosthesis. With todayʼs anaesthesiological peri- and intraoperative care, a vast number of surgical implants and bone augmentations are available. However, what is important is not the practicability of the procedure, but the oncological justification and patient-adapted selection of surgical therapy.
Augenprothetische Rehabilitation in Deutschland heute – Versorgungsmöglichkeiten, Handhabung, Komplikationen und psychologische Aspekte
Authors: Rokohl Alexander , Mor Joel , Trester Marc , Koch Konrad , Heindl Ludwig
Published: January 2019

Hintergrund Eine adäquate Versorgung mit einer optisch ansprechenden Augenprothese nach dem Verlust eines Auges ist nicht nur aus rein kosmetischen Gründen essenziell, sondern erleichtert vor allem eine gute soziale und psychische Rehabilitation.

Fragestellung Es soll eine Übersicht über den aktuellen Stand der augenprothetischen Versorgung in Deutschland erstellt werden. Dabei wird auf die neuesten klinischen Erkenntnisse, die Handhabung der Augenprothesen sowie auf typische Komplikationen und psychologische Fragestellungen, mit denen Augenärzte im Alltag konfrontiert werden, eingegangen.

Methoden Der Beitrag bietet eigene klinische Ergebnisse und eine aktuelle Literaturübersicht aus PubMed.

Ergebnisse Enukleierte Patienten werden in Deutschland meist mit doppelwandigen, hohlen Prothesen aus Kryolithglas versorgt, Patienten mit einem Mikrophthalmus oder einem phthitischen Auge dagegen mit einer einwandigen, dünnen Bulbusschale. Patienten, die Augenprothesen aus Kryolithglas tragen, scheinen sowohl mit ihrem Aussehen als auch mit der Optik der Prothese zufriedener zu sein als PMMA-Augenprothesenträger (PMMA: Polymethylmethacrylat). Glasprothesen müssen mindestens jährlich erneuert, Kunststoffprothesen einmal pro Jahr poliert und alle 5 Jahre ersetzt werden. Bei Kindern, insbesondere in Wachstumsphasen, sollte mindestens halbjährlich die Passform der Prothese kontrolliert werden. Eine leicht höhere Bruchgefahr der Augenprothesen aus Kryolithglas stellt im Alltag für die meisten Patienten keinen größeren Nachteil dar. Okularisten und Ophthalmologen sollten zusammen mit dem Patienten ein individuelles Reinigungsprozedere festlegen, das sowohl vom Prothesenmaterial als auch von äußeren Faktoren abhängt. Komplikationen wie die allergische, die gigantopapilläre, die virale und die bakterielle Konjunktivitis oder auch die Blepharoconjunctivitis sicca müssen frühzeitig erkannt und therapiert werden, um die Prothesenfähigkeit zu erhalten. Bei entzündungsbedingtem Schrumpfungen des Bindehautsackes oder beim Post-Enukleations-Socket-Syndrom muss die Prothesenfähigkeit chirurgisch wiederhergestellt werden. Da die Gesundheit des verbliebenen, sehenden Auges die größte psychologische Belastung von Augenprothesenträgern darstellt, ist eine gute augenärztliche Betreuung, Für- und Vorsorge nach der Exstirpation eines Auges essenziell.

Schlussfolgerungen Eine reibungslose augenprothetische Versorgung, eine adäquate und frühzeitige Therapie möglicher Komplikationen sowie die Berücksichtigung psychologischer Aspekte sind maßgeblich, um Patienten nach dem Verlust eines Auges dauerhaft erfolgreich zu rehabilitieren.
Lipödem – Grundlagen und aktuelle Thesen zum
Pathomechanismus
Authors: Wiedner Maria , Aghajanzadeh Donia , Richter Dirk F.
Published: January 2019

Das Lipödem ist eine schmerzhafte, chronisch-fortschreitende Erkrankung, die
durch eine symmetrische Unterhaut-Fett gewebsvermehrung mit
Flüssigkeitseinlagerung an den Beinen und/oder Armen gekennzeichnet ist. Durch
Unkenntnis über das Krankheitsbild wird die Erkrankung häufig nicht erkannt oder
fehlgedeutet. Eine korrekte Diagnostik und Behandlung ist jedoch wichtig, da die
Prognose der Erkrankung beeinflusst werden kann. Eine kausale Therapie für das
Lipödem ist nicht bekannt, da die genaue Ätiologie noch nicht vollständig
geklärt ist. Aufgrund einer beschriebenen familiären Häufung der Erkrankung wird
eine erbliche Komponente vermutet. Da das Lipödem fast ausschließlich bei Frauen
auftritt und der Erkrankungsbeginn häufig mit Einsetzen von hormonellen
Veränderungen in Zusammenhang steht (Pubertät, Schwangerschaft, Menopause), wird
außerdem dem Östrogen eine entscheidende Bedeutung für die Entstehung
zugemessen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit präsentieren wir einen Überblick über die
Symptome und klinischen Merkmale des Lipödems, seine Differenzialdiagnosen, die
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und zuletzt die aktuellen Hypothesen zur Pathogenese
des Lipödems.