bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-country evaluation of the durability of pyrethroid plus piperonyl-butoxide insecticide-treated nets: study protocol
Authors: Mbuba Emmanuel , Odufuwa Olukayode G. , Moore Jason , Mmbaga Selemani , Tchicaya Emile , Edi Constant , Chalageri Vani , Uragayala Sreehari , Sharma Amit , Rahi Manju , Raghavendra Kamaraju , Eapen Alex , Koenker Hannah , Ross Amanda , Moore Sarah J.
Published: July 2022

Background: Mass distributions of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) has contributed to large reductions in the malaria burden. However, this success is in jeopardy due in part to the increasing pyrethroid-resistant mosquito population as well as low LLINs coverage in various areas because the lifespan of LLINs is often shorter than the interval between replenishment campaigns. New insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) containing pyrethroid and piperonyl-butoxide (PBO) have shown a greater reduction in the incidence of malaria than pyrethroid LLINs in areas with pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. However, the durability of pyrethroid-PBO ITNs under operational settings is not fully characterized. This study will measure the bioefficacy and physical durability of pyrethroid-PBO ITNs over three years to assess whether they meet the World Health Organisation (WHO) three years operational performance criteria required to be categorised as “long-lasting”.Methods: A prospective household randomized controlled trial will be conducted simultaneously in Tanzania, India and Côte d’Ivoire to estimate the field durability of three pyrethroid-PBO ITNs (Veeralin®, Tsara® Boost, and Olyset® Plus) compared to a pyrethroid LLIN: MAGNet®. Durability monitoring will be conducted up to 36 months post-distribution and median survival in months will be calculated. The proportion of ITNs lost (attrition), the physical integrity of the nets, resistance to damage score, the proportion of ITNs meeting WHO bioefficacy criteria against laboratory-reared resistant and susceptible mosquitoes, and insecticidal persistence over time will be estimated. The non-inferiority of Veeralin® and Tsara® Boost to the first-in-class, Olyset® Plus will be assessed for mortality, and the equivalence of 20 times washed ITNs compared to field aged ITNs will be assessed for mortality and blood-feeding inhibition endpoints in the Ifakara Ambient Chamber Test, Tanzania.Discussion: This will be the first large-scale prospective household randomised controlled trial of pyrethroid-PBO ITNs in three different countries representing East Africa, West Africa and South Asia region simultaneously. The study findings will generate information on average replenishment intervals for PBO nets.
The Impact on Healthcare Service Quality and Patients Satisfaction via Adopting Mobile Health Technology：an Empirical Study in a Public Ophthalmologic Hospital in China
Authors: Jin Chenhui , Wang Canghong , Zhu Xiaotong , Kong Zhiying , Zhu Liang
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: The main issues should be solved in Chinese hospital management process are illustrated as long registration time and waiting list, extensive prescription dealing period and short duration of General Practitioner consultation. In order to improve healthcare process and patients’ satisfactory level, a large amount of hospitals is engaging in developing mobile health applications. However, the research on the impact of mobile health applications use (MHAU) on patients’ satisfactory level and treatment quality are quite few. This research is concentrated on evaluating patients’ satisfaction and healthcare service quality via empirical analysis.Methods: We established one model based on literature review, which related to MHAU, clinical process change perceived by patient, service quality, and patient satisfaction. Additionally, the mature scale were selected and revised as a survey instrument in this study, and was conducted at Shenzhen Ophthalmic Hospital using a paper questionnaire. In terms of the survey, patients are randomly selected to fill out the form during December 2018 to January 2019. Further, the research model and hypotheses has been verified with assistance of regression analysis.Results: The results demonstrated that the MHAU on the patient’s satisfaction is significant and direct (b=.162, p=.000<0.01), rather than on the service quality of hospital (b=-.011, p=.665). Additionally, the initial effect of MHAU is on the clinical process change perceived by patient (b=.456, p=.000<0.01), and then the effect will extend the service quality of hospital (b=.316, p=.000<0.01). The physician-patient interaction is an important factor that positively affects the service quality of hospital (b=.342, p=.000<0.01). Meanwhile, convenience is another important factor for patients to consider the service quality of hospital, and it has a positive and significant impact on patient satisfaction (b=.120, p=.000<0.01).Conclusions: Hospital managers should not only pay attention to the management of system usage, but also to organizational factors that affect the results of system usage, such as the clinical process change perceived by patients. The dimension of convenience should be considered when evaluating the service quality of hospital, especially for large hospitals with large outpatient service. In addition, the managers should pay attention to enhancing the initiative of physician-patient interaction, as it is an important factor affecting patients' perception of the services quality. This study provides a reference for investigations in ophthalmic hospital scene and needs to be confirmed further in other hospital scenarios.
When Human Influence on Climate Impacts cannot be Assessed with 'Attributable Costs'
Authors: Brown Patrick T. T
Published: July 2022

Estimating the human influence on extreme weather and climate events and their downstream impacts is relevant to many pertinent discussions around climate change, including potential legal claims of loss and damages and calculations of the social cost of carbon. Recently, a prominent method for doing this has emerged, referred to as the Attributable Costs method. In this method, the fraction of the risk of crossing a geophysical threshold attributable to Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) is multiplied by an impact (e.g., monetary economic damage) to calculate the ACC contribution to the impact. Here, I illustrate with a stylized example that the method produces misleading results when applied to weather phenomena on a continuum, where ACC alters the magnitude of the phenomena and/or the entire probability distribution of the phenomena. Specifically, the Attributable Costs method fails in these circumstances because impacts cannot be assumed to be zero when the geophysical threshold chosen to define the event is not crossed. This implies that the Attributable Costs method will systematically overestimate the contribution of ACC to impacts. We illustrate that a clearer way of conceptualizing the impacts attributable to ACC is to compare the expected losses of impacts using full probability distributions of the geophysical variable in question.
Graphene Oxide Induced Oxidative Stress Gene Expression and Gut Microbiome Profiling in in Vivo Drosophila Melanogaster Model
Authors: Ajith Sivasangar Latha , Anand Arumugam Vijaya , Preethi Basavaraju , Ilakkiyapavai Devaraj , Kavipriya Babu , Vasanthakumar Azhagarsamy , Kamalakkannan Palanisamy , Moorthi Puthamohan Vinayaga
Published: July 2022

In the present study we have attempted to reveal the induction of stress, changes in behavioral, molecular, and gut microbiome profile by Graphene oxide (GO) in Drosophila melanogaster. The study revealed that GO does not exert accountable mortality in larvae but had little impact on the formation of pupa from larvae in the treatment group compared to the control group. Similarly, the larval movement exhibited little change in the treatment group (21) compared to the control group (17). The flies that emerged from with and without GO treatment were analyzed for the expression of Glutathione S transferase D 1 (Gstd1) and Acetylcholine Esterase (AchE) gene. In the gut-microbiome study, GO administration had metabolic change and was well measured with increased Acetobacteraceae to survive in the stress-induced conditions. Hence it was concluded that GO was not lethal at 300µg/mL and hence its application in the drug delivery tool or carrier perhaps cause are. Instead, it can able to induce oxidative stress and changes in the regulation of the gene attributed to oxidative stress and locomotor behavior.
Evidence that Earth was exposed to Cold Dense Interstellar Medium 2 Myrs Ago as a result of the Encounter with Local Lynx Cold Clouds
Authors: Opher Merav , Loeb Abraham , Peek J.
Published: July 2022

The relationship between the location of the Sun in the interstellar medium (ISM) and terrestrial effects has been explored in connection with the filtration of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) as the heliosphere, the solar system’s protective bubble formed by the solar wind, shrinks or expands as a result of different ISM environments. The connection between GCR and terrestrial climate, however, is still uncertain. So far, the impact of the compact cold clouds that are 4-5 order of magnitude denser than the ISM along the direct path of the Sun, was neglected. There is geological evidence from 60Fe and 244Pu isotopes that Earth was in direct contact with the ISM, about 2-3 million years ago. It is known that the local ISM is home to several nearby cold clouds. Using new modeling of 21-cm data from the HI4PI survey, we derive the velocity field of the Local Ribbon of Cold Clouds (LRCC). We show that the solar system may have passed through the Local Ribbon of Cold Clouds in the constellation Lynx(LxCC). The likelihood of a random encounter with a dense cloud is 1.3%. Using a state-of-the-art simulation of the heliosphere, we show that during the passage the heliosphere had shrunk to a scale of 0.22AU, smaller than the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. As a result, Earth was exposed to a neutral hydrogen density above 3000cm-3. This could have had drastic effects on Earth’s climate, as suggested by records of oxygen isotopes derived from forminifera in the sea floor and potentially on human evolution at that time where Australopithecus afarensis (“Lucy”) went extinct, leading to the emergence of the Homo lineage.
Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Groundwater and its Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Index, Statistical and Geochemical Modelling, Debila and El-Oued regions, Algeria
Authors: EID Mohamed Hamdy , Tamma Ahmed A. , Péter Szűcs , Kovács Attila
Published: July 2022

The study area is located in the Debila and El-Oued regions in the northeast of the Algeria desert. The water samples were collected from the semi-confined Mio-Pliocene and Lower Pontian aquifers. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, EC, TDS, and major ions were measured and compared with WHO standards. There is significant water quality deterioration because of strong mineralization and anthropogenic activities. The hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater revealed that evaporation, dissolution of gypsum, and reverse ion exchange are the main controlling factors of the water composition in the study area. The two main hydro-chemical facies of the groundwater in the deep aquifers are Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl/SO42− and Na+–Cl−. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated by using the weighted arithmetic method to determine the suitability of water for drinking. The groundwater in Debila and El-Oued regions is not suitable for drinking. The groundwater is suitable for irrigation according to Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Na%, Magnesium risk (MR), Permeability Index (PI), and residual Sodium carbonate index (RSC). The values of the saturated index (SI) indicated that the groundwater is undersaturated with halite, anhydrite, and gypsum but saturated to oversaturated by calcite, aragonite, and dolomite.The groundwater in the Debila and El-Oued regions is classified as brackish water. Using brackish water for drinking and irrigation will have an adverse effect on human health and increase soil salinity and decrease plant production. There is no need for using fertilizers containing calcium where the SAR has a low to medium value and the soil will not be affected by sodification or decrease in the capacity of infiltration.
Four-limb blood pressure screening for congenital malformations of aorta in high-risk infants
Authors: Wang Yifei , Yang Shifang , Liu Xiaobing , Pang Chengcheng , Zou Ruikun , Ren Yuan , Sun Yunxia , Zhuang Jian
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesFour-limb blood pressure (BP) had been used in congenital malformations of aorta (CMoA) studies with conflict results. To determine the accuracy of four-limb BPs measurement as an approach for CMoA detection in high-risk infants.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among infants with suspected congenital heart disease between 2013 and 2019 at a regional tertiary cardiac transferring center. The golden standard of CMoA was echocardiography or cardiac computed tomography results within 2 days after admission. The optimal cutoff of BP gradient for CMoA was determined by Youden Index in the discovery group (admitted between 2013 and 2017) and was verified in the validation group (admitted between 2018 and 2019). These infants were stratified by age to determine the test accuracy of the optimal BP gradient at different ages.ResultsOf 1604 infants (median age, 4 days (1-16 days)) included in the final analysis, 254 CMoA were identified. In infants with pre-test probability of 15.9%, the accuracy test results for CMoA in both groups were similar with the optimal cutoff of BP gradient of 10 mm Hg, area under the ROC curve of 74.8% (95% CI, 68.0%-81.5%), sensitivity of 40.3% (95% CI, 29.3%-51.2%), specificity of 96.3% (95% CI, 94.3%-98.3%). The BP gradient in infants older than 2 days of age was more likely to predict CMoA. ConclusionsAs no suitable alternative tests, four-limb BP measurement with BP gradient of 10 mm Hg is an acceptable approach to screen out CMoA in high-risk infants, especially in infants older than 2 days of age.Registration: No NCT05022836 (Four-limb Blood Pressures in Infants With High Risk of Congenital Malformation of Aorta)
Maximizing Active Fe Species in ZSM-5 Zeolite Using Organic-Template-Free Synthesis for Efficient Selective Methane Oxidation
Authors: Cheng Qingpeng , Li Guanna , Yao Xueli , Zheng Lirong , Wang Junhu , Emwas Abdel-Hamid , Castaño Pedro , Ruiz-Martinez Javier , Han Yu
Published: July 2022

The selective oxidation of CH4 in the aqueous phase to produce valuable chemicals has attracted considerable research attention due to its mild reaction conditions and simple process. As the most widely studied catalyst for this reaction, Fe-containing ZSM-5 zeolite (Fe-ZSM-5) demonstrates high intrinsic activity and selectivity; however, Fe-ZSM-5 prepared using conventional methods has a limited number of active Fe sites, resulting in low CH4 conversion per unit mass of the catalyst. To address this issue, this study reports a facile organic-template-free synthesis strategy that enables the incorporation of more Fe into the zeolite framework with a higher dispersion degree compared to conventional synthesis methods. Because framework Fe incorporated in this way is more readily to transform into isolated extra-framework Fe species under thermal treatment, the overall effect is that Fe-ZSM-5 prepared using this method (Fe-HZ5-TF) has three times as many catalytically active sites as conventional Fe-ZSM-5. When used for the selective oxidation of CH4 (30.5 bar) with 0.5 M H2O2 at 75°C, Fe-HZ5-TF produced a record high C1 oxygenate yield of 106.3 mmol gcat−1 h− 1 (a HCOOH selectivity of 91.3%), surpassing other catalysts reported to date. Spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory calculations revealed that the active sites in Fe-HZ5-TF are mononuclear Fe species in the form of [(H2O)3Fe(IV) = O]2+ bound to Al pairs in the zeolite framework. This differs from conventional Fe-ZSM-5, where binuclear Fe acts as the active site. Analysis of the catalyst and product evolution during the reaction suggests a radical-driven pathway to explain CH4 activation at the mononuclear Fe site and subsequent conversion to C1 oxygenates.
Impact of Causality in Dispersive Soils on the Effective Length of Grounding Electrodes
Authors: Ostadzadeh Saeed Reza , Sajjadi Seyyed Sajjad , Sadeghi Seyed Hesamedin Hossein
Published: July 2022

We present a study of the causality of dispersive soil models for exact prediction of the effective length of grounding electrodes in single and two-layer soils. The causal and non-causal models of dispersive soil are applied to the analysis of grounding electrodes subject to two typical ﬁrst and subsequent return-strokes. For computations, we adopt the computationally efficient multi-conductor transmission line method. The simulation results show that the causality plays an important role on the effective length so that under causal assumption it can be less or greater than that of the non-causal counterpart, depending on the low-frequency resistivity of lossy soil and current waveform. The difference between causal and non-causal models for predicting the effective length is more pronounced for subsequent return current, whereas for first stroke current it is ignorable. Moreover, the simulation results show that the burial depth effect in causal and non-causal-dispersive soils should be considered for subsequent stroke current. The mentioned facts are observable in two-layer dispersive soils as well when the upper layer is denser than the lower one.
After then, causal-based formulae for predicting effective lengths of grounding electrodes buried in dispersive soils are proposed. Finally, the impact of causal and non-causal-based effective lengths on the touch and step voltages for both single and two-layer soils is investigated.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of TiO2-based Transformer Nanofluid: Investigation on the perspective of Electrical and Thermal Properties
Authors: Koperundevi G. , Raja S.
Published: July 2022

The study on dispersing nanoparticles in transformer oil to elevate their dielectric properties has evolved significantly in the recent decade. Alongside the conventional dispersion techniques (mechanical stirring & ultrasonic homogenization) in practice, this work experiments with the microwave energy of 2.45 GHz frequency radiated onto the TiO2 nanoparticle-based nanofluid (TNF). The electrical and thermal properties of TNF (TiO2 nanoparticle & surfactant dispersed in transformer mineral oil) are experimentally investigated & presented in this article. Effective synthesis procedure to enhance the dielectric properties with good dispersivity has been recognized from the superlative combination of dispersion techniques. Its effectiveness in enhancing the electrical and thermal properties is investigated by verifying its dielectric breakdown strength, dielectric constant (εr), dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ), and flash & fire point. Results justified that the TNF synthesized by combining the processes of stirring, Ultrasonic homogenization, and microwave irradiation in a rational sequence exhibited better electrical & unaltered thermal properties when compared with samples prepared through stirring and sonication. TNF prepared through microwave synthesis improved the AC breakdown voltage (BDV) by 16.92% more than TNF prepared without microwave synthesis. Hence this could be an effective route to prepare the TNF with improved electrical properties.
Investigation of two metabolic engineering approaches for (R,R)-2,3-butanediol production from glycerol in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Vikromvarasiri Nunthaphan , Noda Shuhei , Shirai Tomokazu , Kondo Akihiko
Published: July 2022

Background: Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) is a well-known bioinformatics tool for metabolic engineering design. Previously, we have successfully used single-level FBA to design metabolic fluxes in Bacillus subtilis to enhance (R,R)-2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) production from glycerol. OptKnock is another powerful technique for devising gene deletion strategies to maximize microbial growth coupling with improved biochemical production. It has never been used in B. subtilis. In this study, we aimed to compare the use of single-level FBA and OptKnock for designing enhanced 2,3-BD production from glycerol in B. subtilis. Results: Single-level FBA and OptKnock were used to design metabolic engineering approaches for B. subtilis to enhance 2,3-BD production from glycerol. Single-level FBA indicated that deletion of ackA, pta, lctE, and mmgA would improve the production of 2,3-BD from glycerol, while OptKnock simulation suggested the deletion of ackA, pta, mmgA, and zwf. Consequently, strains LM01 (single-level FBA-based) and MZ02 (OptKnock-based) were constructed, and their capacity to produce 2,3-BD from glycerol investigated. The deletion of multiple genes did not negatively affect strain growth and glycerol utilization. The highest 2,3-BD production was detected in strain LM01. Strain MZ02 produced 2,3-BD at a similar level as the wild type, indicating that the OptKnock prediction was erroneous. Two-step FBA was performed to examine the reason for the erroneous OptKnock prediction. Additional observations, we found that zwf gene deletion in strain MZ02 improved lactate production, which has never been reported to date. The predictions of single-level FBA for strain MZ02 were in line with experimental findings.Conclusions: We showed that single-level FBA is an effective approach for metabolic design and manipulation to enhance 2,3-BD production from glycerol in B. subtilis. The mmgA gene knockout suggested by single-level FBA improved the 2,3-BD productivity. Further, while this approach predicted the phenotypes of generated strains with high precision, OptKnock prediction was not accurate. We suggest that OptKnock modelling predictions be evaluated by using single-level FBA to ensure the accuracy of metabolic pathway design.
Evolutionary Game of Low-carbon Manufacturing and Government Regulation under Different Subsidy and Penalty Mechanisms
Authors: LI Guozhi
Published: July 2022

Subsidy and penalty are the two environmental regulatory policies that play an important role to promote low-carbon manufacturing. In this paper, using evolutionary game approach, we analyzed the behavioral strategies of manufacturers and local governments under four different subsidy and penalty mechanisms. Our results dynamic-subsidy-dynamic-penalty is the most effective mechanism to provide more incentives for the manufacturers to adopt low-carbon manufacturing strategies. In the long run, higher subsidy cannot increase the manufacturers' incentives for low-carbon transition while higher penalty is effective to increase the proportion of low-carbon manufacturing. It implies that penalty is more effective than subsidy to incentivize the manufacturers to choose low-carbon manufacturing.
Increased empathic distress in adults with experience of childhood trauma
Authors: Benz Annika B. E. , Dimitroff Stephanie J. , Jeggle Christin , Gaertner Raphaela , Meier Maria , Unternaehrer Eva , Bentele Ulrike U. , Denk Bernadette F. , Klink Elea , Pruessner Jens C.
Published: July 2022

While many studies investigated basic facets of empathy, less is known about the association with early life adversity (ELA). To investigate a possible association of empathy with ELA, we assessed self-reported ELA, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) for mother and father, and empathy, using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), in a sample of N=228 (83% female, agemean=30.51 ±9.88 years, agerange 18-60). Further, we measured willingness to donate a certain percentage of study compensation to a charity as an index of prosocial behavior.In line with our hypotheses that stated a positive association of empathy with ELA, increased levels of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect were positively correlated with personal distress in response to others’ suffering. Likewise, higher paternal overprotection and lower paternal care were related to higher personal distress. Furthermore, while participants with higher levels of ELA generally donated more money, only higher levels of sexual abuse were significantly related to larger donations after correction for multiple statistical tests. Other facets of the IRI (empathic concern, perspective taking and fantasy) were not related to any other ELA measure. This suggests ELA only affects levels of personal distress.
Molecular characteristics of patients with colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma with different ABO blood groups
Authors: Zhang Wan-Ning , Liang Wei-Jie , Zhang Ying , Liang Ming-Jian , Zhang Ming-Juan , Ke Miao-La , Chen Qi , Mo Zhou-Pei , Wu Mei-Yi , Weng Xue-Zi , Han Rui , Liang Yong-Neng , Lin Wenqian
Published: July 2022

Colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare subtype of malignant adenocarcinomas. Its biomarker and molecular characteristics remain controversial, and there are no specific therapeutic targets and strategies for clinical treatment. A retrospective study was performed and the extracted data included patients’ clinical variables and genomics (either 19-gene or 1021-gene panel NGS). From 2010 to 2021, 64 patients were included. The blood groups of 27 (42.2%), 18 (28.1%), 12 (18.8%), and 7 (10.9%) patients were O, A, B, and AB, respectively. We found that O was a unique blood group which had better prognosis different from non-O blood groups, characterized by a low frequency of KRAS mutations, a high frequency of heterozygous at each HLA class I locus and greater numbers of tumor mutational burden (TMB). Patients with blood group A with high frequency KRAS mutations and patients with blood group B with anemia and metabolic abnormalities had worse OS and needed targeted treatment. The study initially revealed genomic changes in SRCC patients with different blood groups and could advance the understanding and precision treatment of the colorectal SRCC. Blood group O might be a novel target for immunotherapy of colorectal SRCC.
Efficacy of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles to combat antibiotic resistance against multidrug resistance pathogen
Authors: Fatima Faria
Published: July 2022

Antimicrobial resistance posing a significant public health hazard globally due to the emergence of MDR microbes. Infectious disease caused by MDROs are becoming a major cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Nanotechnology based on nanoscale materials is rapidly being used in clinical setting, particularly as a new approach for infectious illnesses. Recently, many physical/chemical approaches used to produce nanoparticles are expensive and highly unsafe to biological species and ecosystem. This study demonstrated an environmentally friendly mode of producing NPs where Fusarium oxysporum has been employed for biological production of nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have antimicrobial action against a variety of multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms. Ultraviolet Visible spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to depict the characteristics of NPs. The NPs were spherical and monodispersed in form. The anti-microbial effectiveness of myco-derived AgNPs was further evaluated against MDR pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus anthracis, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata and Trichoderma sp. SEM analysis also confirmed the hyphal damage where the layers of hyphal membranes were torn off. Thus, these AgNPs may be used against drug-resistant infections in the near future.
Neural Network-Based Cyber-Bullying and Cyber-Aggression Detection Using Twitter Text
Authors: AGBAJE MICHAEL , Afolabi Oreoluwa
Published: July 2022

Cyber-bullying and Cyber-aggression has led to lots of death of individuals, mental instability of victims, increase in frustration, anger, decrease in confidence, stress, fear of the unknown, tension, sleep disorder amongst others. The availability of internet which has brought about social networking; various social media platforms now exist providing space for varied expressions and opinions. Nevertheless, due to dynamic nature and easy access of the platform, the use spiteful and hateful words have promoted Cyber-bullying and Cyber-aggression. Thus, approximately half of young social media users experiences digital harassment such as Cyber-bullying and Cyber-aggression. In this research, a sentiment detection system is proposed using the text data. RNN is used for the text analysis and CNN for image analysis. The text data is generated from Twitter through Twitter API. The efficiency and performance of models were evaluated with RNN and CNN outperforming the other classification algorithms achieving accuracy of 0.951 and 0.911 also, F-Measure scores were 0.910 and 0.890 respectively.
Cavitation characteristics and suppression of pilot stage two-dimensional valve
Authors: Zhao Yonghua , Xing Tong , Ding Chuan , Wang Heyuan , Ruan Jian
Published: July 2022

The two-dimensional (2D) valve integrates the spool pilot and power stages to realize the valve's fast operation and high-frequency response. It has the advantages of simple structure, stable performance, and large power-to-weight ratio. In this paper, the cavitation flow in the pilot stage of the 2D valve is analyzed utilizing computational fluid dynamics. The effects of inlet and outlet pressure difference, outlet pressure, and valve opening velocity on cavitation are studied, and a U-shaped groove structure is designed to restrain cavitation. The results demonstrate that the greater the pressure difference, the higher is the cavitation intensity. Furthermore, the cavitation intensity increases with decrease in outlet pressure. The cavitation phenomenon occurs in the 2D valve pilot stage when the valve opening speed is high, and there is no cavitation in the flow channel with the decrease of the valve opening speed. After U-shaped grooves are opened on both sides of the valve sleeve groove, the cavitation number in the 2D valve pilot stage increases significantly compared with the original inclined groove structure under the same pressure difference. Additionally, the effect of restraining cavitation is pronounced with the increase of the width–depth ratio of U-shaped grooves, and the cavitation number increases.
Towards Sensory Assessment Classification using Short-Wave NIR Spectroscopy for Orange Cultivars
Authors: Zeb Ayesha , Qureshi Waqar Shahid , Ghafoor Abdul , Malik Amanullah , Imran Muhammad , Mirza Alina , Tiwana Mohsin , Alanazi Eisa
Published: July 2022

The global orange industry constantly faces new technical challenges to meet consumer demands for quality fruits. Instead of traditional subjective fruit quality assessment methods, the interest in the horticulture industry has increased in objective, quantitative, and non-destructive assessment methods. Oranges have a thick peel which makes their non-destructive quality assessment challenging. This paper evaluates the potential of short-wave NIR spectroscopy and direct sweetness classification for Pakistani cultivars of orange i.e., Blood red, Mosambi, and Succari. The correlation between quality indices i.e., Brix, titratable acidity (TA), Brix: TA and BrimA (Brix minus acids), sensory assessment of the fruit, and short-wave NIR spectra is analyzed. Mix cultivar oranges are then classified as sweet, mixed, and acidic based on short-wave NIR spectra. Short-wave NIR spectral data was obtained using the industry standard F-750 fruit quality meter (310-1100 nm). Reference Brix and TA measurements were taken using standard destructive testing methods. Reference taste labels i.e., sweet, mix and acidic, were acquired by sensory evaluation of samples. For indirect fruit classification, partial least squares regression models were developed for Brix, TA, Brix:TA and BrimA estimation with a correlation coefficient of 0.57, 0.73, 0.66 and 0.55 respectively, on independent test data. For direct fruit classification, the ensemble classifier achieved 81.03% accuracy for 3 class (sweet, mix and acidic) classification on independent test data. We observed a good correlation between NIR spectra and sensory assessment instead of quality indices. Hence, direct classification is more suitable for orange sweetness classification using NIR spectroscopy than the estimation of quality indices.
Harmful algal bloom by the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid & Swezy severely impacts coral reef fishes in the Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India
Authors: Gunasekaran K. , Yosuva M. , Karthikeyan P , Subagunasekar M. , Prabhu K , Mahesh R. , Saravanakumar A.
Published: July 2022

Marine fisheries and biodiversity in the Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, were severely impacted by the blooms of dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans, on 10th October 2021. The bloom affected the marine biodiversity in a 15 km2 area between Keelarai to Mudal in the Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, India. Post bloom observations showed mass mortality of a variety of finfish, ornamental fish, bivalves, shellfish, sea anemones, sea slugs, sea cucumbers, sea horses, polychaete worms, and seaweed that washed ashore. Two damselfish species Dascyllus reticulatus and D. trimaculatus were deleteriously affected. The intense N. scintillans bloom killed 0.83 tons of damselfish, equivalent to approximately 9 million fish, and 1.67 tons of commercially important fish valued at US$ 11.5 M.
The Identification of β-Ocimene Biosynthetic Pathway Through Mevalonate Acid (MVA) and 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose 5-Phosphate (DXP) Pathways Using Crude Enzyme Extracts in Indonesian Bay Leaf/Salam Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum)
Authors:   Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Pratama Bima Putra , Pranoto Yudi ,   Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, - Supriyadi ,   Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Swasono Respati Tri ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Published: July 2022

Salam leaf has a β-ocimene as a key volatile compound that gives a fresh aroma to the food when the salam leaves are involved in the cooking process. As a secondary metabolic product, enzymatic biosynthesis as the early stage of β-ocimene is a factor that needs to be known. Thus, this study was done to identify the mechanism of the two wellknown terpenoid biosynthetic pathways, namely Mevalonate Acid (MVA) and 1-Deoxy-DXylulose 5-Phosphate (DXP) pathways, in the biosynthesis of β-ocimene in salam leaves. The activity of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR)-MVA pathway-determining enzyme and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS)-DXP pathway-determining enzyme in the crude enzyme and their derivative products of salam leaves were analysed for their changes by differences of substrate ratios and enzyme inhibitors. The results showed that the activity of the HMGR enzyme was lower significantly than the DXS enzyme based on the addition of variations to the substrate ratio. These results were also supported by the enzyme and substrate reaction products, MVA and Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) intermediates from the MVA pathway, which were significantly lower when compared to DXP and IPP intermediates from the DXP pathway. As the end product of the reaction, β-ocimene gave a significantly higher value of the DXP pathway than the MVA pathway. Therefore, it can conclude that the mechanism of the biosynthetic pathway of β-ocimene in salam leaves was synthesised via the DXP pathway. The production of β-ocimene could have crosstalk-pathway through the MVA pathway, especially when the DXP pathway was blocked.
Gonad Quality of Banana Shrimp Male Broodstock Penaeus merguiensis (DeMan, 1888) Fed Different Natural Diets
Authors:   Faculty of Maritime Studies and Marine Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, Matmor Nurul Amirah , Manan Hidayah ,   Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, Nor Azman Nor Azman ,   Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia,   STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China, Jalilah Mohamad ,   Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, Amin-Safwan Adnan ,   Department of Applied Sciences and Agriculture, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor Branch Campus, Jalan Segamat/ Labis, 85000 Segamat, Johor, Malaysia, Ikhwanuddin Mhd ,   Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia,   STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
Published: July 2022

A study was carried out to determine the maturation period, quality and quantity of sperms production in Banana shrimp male broodstock, Penaeus merguiensis fed different natural diets. The three different natural diets namely; squid, fish and shrimp flesh used in this study were obtained from known sources and fed to the tested shrimp in triplicate groups. Based on the results obtained, squid seem to be the most effective natural diet as it enhances the sperms maturation within 20 days. Feeding fish and shrimp flesh as diets for the Banana shrimp broodstock resulted in the observation of maturation in 22 and 24 days, respectively. Similarly, squid diet also recorded the highest (p = 0.002; p < 0.05) sperms count (58.6 to 74.5) as compared to fish diet (44.0 to 61.3) or shrimp diet (28.0 to 42.8). Also, feeding squid diet resulted in a higher percentage of live sperms with ranged between 97.75% to 98.80%. On the other hand, broodstocks fed fish and squid flesh was observed with ranges of between 96% to 97.86% and 92.54% to 96.06%, respectively. It was therefore concluded that squid diet was most effective to improve sperm quality, quantity and maturation period in male broodstock of P. merguiensis. Further study should be carried on the reproductive performance of broodstock fed with squid as diets and it effect on the performances of post larvae obtained.
Assessing the Suitability of Habitats for Porphyrio porphyrio indicus and Amaurornis phoenicurus in Urban Wetlands of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Forest Science and Biodiversity, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Olaniyi Oluwatobi E. ,   Department of Ecotourism and Wildlife Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Martins Chukwuemeka O. ,   Department of Forest Science and Biodiversity, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Zakaria Mohamed ,   Department of Forest Science and Biodiversity, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: July 2022

It becomes imperative to understand the eco-climatic predictors and know the suitable habitat for Porphyrio porphyrio indicus and Amaurornis phoenicurus in the urban wetlands to prevent their local extinction. The study explored the habitat suitability for Porphyrio porphyrio indicus and Amaurornis phoenicurus in Paya Indah wetlands and Putrajaya wetlands of Peninsular Malaysia. Porphyrio porphyrio indicus and Amaurornis phoenicurus surveyed using the point count technique, and a stratified random design. The maximum entropy modelling (MEM) approach and geographic information systems employed to determine the influence of 17 eco-climatic factors on the suitable habitats for the species. Water at a minimum depth (44.30%) and rainfall (74.20%) contributed to the availability of suitable habitats for Porphyrio porphyrio indicus in Paya Indah and Putrajaya wetlands. Also, dissolved oxygen (56.60%) and salinity (43.50%) contributed to habitat suitability for Amaurornis phoenicurus in Paya Indah and Putrajaya wetlands. Large portions of the two urban wetlands were unsuitable for the Porphyrio porphyrio indicus and Amaurornis phoenicurus populations because of several eco-climatic factors. Thus, the models as management tools with a robust population monitoring database and framework would enhance the management effectiveness of the two species and urban wetlands.
3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ Gauge Theories on an Elliptic Curve
Authors: Bullimore Mathew , Zhang Daniel
Published: July 2022

This paper studies 3d3d\mathcal{N}=4𝒩=4
supersymmetric gauge theories on an elliptic curve, with the aim to
provide a physical realisation of recent constructions in equivariant
elliptic cohomology of symplectic resolutions. We first study the Berry
connection for supersymmetric ground states in the presence of mass
parameters and flat connections for flavour symmetries, which results in
a natural construction of the equivariant elliptic cohomology variety of
the Higgs branch. We then investigate supersymmetric boundary conditions
and show from an analysis of boundary ’t Hooft anomalies that their
boundary amplitudes represent equivariant elliptic cohomology classes.
We analyse two distinguished classes of boundary conditions known as
exceptional Dirichlet and enriched Neumann, which are exchanged under
mirror symmetry. We show that the boundary amplitudes of the latter
reproduce elliptic stable envelopes introduced by Aganagic-Okounkov, and
relate boundary amplitudes of the mirror symmetry interface to the
mother function in equivariant elliptic cohomology. Finally, we consider
correlation functions of Janus interfaces for varying mass parameters,
recovering the chamber R-matrices of elliptic integrable systems.
Mediation role of human capital on gender diversity and credit risk: Evidence of Indonesian rural banks
Authors: Harjanto Nung , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Djuminah Djuminah , Muthmainah Muthmainah , Nurim Yavida
Published: July 2022

This study uses human capital that shows the intangible asset’s core in reducing the risk or improving firm performance to solve previous inconsistent results of women’s role in firm performance. Thus, this paper examines the role of human capital as the mediator in the influence of gender diversity on credit risk in a rural bank. This examination involves 433 rural banks based on the purposive sampling method. The result reveals that higher gender diversity has higher human capital (α = 0.135, ρ = 0.005) and higher human capital has lower credit risk (α = –0.205, ρ = 0.000). It also revealed that when gender diversity is controlled by human capital as a mediator on credit risk, gender diversity does not affect credit risk (α = –0.022, ρ = 0.625). However, human capital still affects credit risk (α = –0.205, ρ = 0.000). It implies that the higher a woman on the board of directors, the lower the credit risk through her education competence. Women as organization leaders have high self-appreciation from organization members in implementing their strategies and supervising them. High credit risk in rural banks needs appropriate management as a part of an internal governance mechanism. This study contributes to gender diversity literature through the ability to manage risk in measuring women’s role as strategic agents. This study also contributes to investor protection through the reputation of women on boards as monitoring agents.
Recent Advances in Biological Active Sulfonamide based Hybrid
Compounds Part B: Two-Component Sulfonamide Hybrids
Authors: Ghomashi Shakila , Ghomashi Reihane , Aghaei Hamidreza , Massah Ahmad Reza
Published: July 2022

Sulfonamide compounds, also known as sulfa drugs, are a significant class of
synthetic bacteriostatic antimicrobials and were the primary source of therapy against bacterial
infections before the introduction of penicillin in 1941. Hybridization of sulfonamides
with various pharmaceutically active heterocyclic moieties leads to sulfonamide
hybrids with a wide variety of biological activities. Part B of this review presents the most
recent advances in designing and developing more two-component sulfonamide hybrids
containing triazole, thiadiazole, triazine, oxazole/ benzoxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, imidazole,
benzimidazole, furan, benzofuran, thiophene, pyrrole, indazole, tetrazole,
chromene/ chromone, pyridazine, quinoxaline, acridine, phthalazine, and xanthone between
2015 and 2020. We hope this review helps the scientific community in designing
more useful sulfonamide hybrid drugs.
Real-life Effectiveness of Omalizumab in Patients with Severe Allergic Asthma: RELIEF Study
Authors: Al Ahmad Mona , Borboa Olivares Lilia Margarita , Cardoso Alexandre Pinto , Djazmati Wagih , Vinuesa Miguel Angel , Domínguez María de Jesús García , Neto Alcindo Cerci , Gamboa Luis Ugalde , Lee Jason K. , Pinho Nadine , Tassinari Paolo
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Patients with severe allergic asthma (SAA) are at risk of severe exacerbations. Omalizumab is recommended as an add-on treatment for patients with uncontrolled SAA, despite high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long acting β2-agonist combination therapy (standard therapy).

RELIEF was a prospective, open label, multicenter study conducted to assess the real-life effectiveness of omalizumab co-administered with standard therapy in patients with SAA for 24 months.

Methods:

A total of 347 patients aged ≥ 6 years with SAA were enrolled, 285 of whom (8 pediatrics and 277 adolescents and adults) completed this 24-month study. Compared with the 12 months prior to baseline, the mean number of exacerbations was reduced in the overall population at any time interval during the study. Proportion of patients with no exacerbations increased to 77.7% at 24 months from 32.6% at 12 months prior to baseline. A reduction in healthcare resource utilization was also observed. The mean number of specialist visits reduced from baseline (5.8 visits) to 2.4 visits at Month 24.

Results:

The mean asthma control test score was >19 at every time-point during the study. The rate of Global Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness (GETE) for asthma response significantly increased at Months 18 and 24 (P <0.05) compared to baseline. Pulmonary function remained relatively stable for the overall study population. There were no new or unexpected safety findings in the study.

Conclusion:

RELIEF study showed that add-on therapy with omalizumab is effective in reducing exacerbations, healthcare utilization, and improving GETE score in patients with SAA uncontrolled by standard therapy.