bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of the prognostic values of RNA‐binding proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Zeng‐Hong , Yue Jian‐Xin , Zhou Tao , Xiao Hong‐Jun
Published: March 2021

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the upper aerodigestive tract. These RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) influence post‐transcriptional in cells and regulate cell physiology, participate in regulating RNA stability, alternative splicing, translation, modification, localization, and apoptosis. We used RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to display dysfunctional RBPs microenvironments and provide potential useful biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnosis and prognosis. Six RBPs (DNMT1, PCF11, EIF5A2, RNASE10, PSMA6, and IGF2BP2) were selected as independent prognosis factors of HNSCC patients. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were mainly enriched in RNA transport, Spliceosome, RNA degradation, mRNA surveillance pathway, and Epstein–Barr virus infection. cBioPortal results demonstrated that these six genes were altered in 150 samples out of 504 HNSCC patients (30%) and the amplification of IGF2BP2 was the largest frequent copy‐number alteration. Based on the online database, we identified novel RBPs markers for the prognosis of HNSCC.
Constructed Interfacial Oxygen‐Bridge Chemical Bonding in Core‐Shell Transition Metal Phosphides/Carbon Hybrid Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhong Xia , Huang Keke , Zhang Yuan , Wang Ying , Feng Shouhua
Published: March 2021

A designed structure which CoP nanoparticles (NPs) ingeniously connected with graphene‐like carbon layer via in‐situ generated interfacial oxygen‐bridge chemical bonding was achieved by a mild phosphorization treatment. The results proved that the presence of phosphorus vacancies is a crucial factor enabling formation of Co−O−C bonds. The direct coupling of edge Co of CoP with the oxygen from functional groups on the carbon layer was proposed. As a catalyst for electrocatalytic water splitting, the manufactured Fe2O3@C@CoP core‐shell structure manifested a low overpotential of 230 mV, a low Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1, and long‐term stability. Density functional theory calculations verified that the Co−O−C bond played a critical role in decreasing the thermodynamic energy barrier of reaction rate‐determining step for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This synthetic route might be extended to construct metal−O−C bonds in other transition metal phosphides (or selenides, sulfides)/carbon composites for highly efficient OER catalysts.
Rationalizing Photo‐Triggered Hydrogen Evolution Using Polypyridine Cobalt Complexes: Substituent Effects on Hexadentate Chelating Ligands
Authors: Lucarini Fiorella , Bongni David , Schiel Philippe , Bevini Gabriele , Benazzi Elisabetta , Solari Euro , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Scopelliti Rosario , Marazzi Marco , Natali Mirco , Pastore Mariachiara , Ruggi Albert
Published: March 2021

Four novel polypyridine cobalt(II) complexes were developed based on a hexadentate ligand scaffold bearing either electron‐withdrawing (−CF3) or electron‐donating (−OCH3) groups in different positions of the ligand. Experiments and theoretical calculations were combined to perform a systematic investigation of the effect of the ligand modification on the hydrogen evolution reaction. The results indicated that the position, rather than the type of substituent, was the dominating factor in promoting catalysis. The best performances were observed upon introduction of substituents on the pyridine moiety of the hexadentate ligand, which promoted the formation of the Co(II)H intermediate via intramolecular proton transfer reactions with low activation energy. Quantum yields of 11.3 and 10.1 %, maximum turnover frequencies of 86.1 and 76.6 min−1, and maximum turnover numbers of 5520 and 4043 were obtained, respectively, with a −OCH3 and a −CF3 substituent.
Nanostructured Photocatalysts for the Production of Methanol from Methane and Water
Authors: Villa Katherine , Galán‐Mascarós José Ramón
Published: March 2021

The direct photocatalytic conversion of methane into methanol with water at room temperature and pressure has attracted particular attention in recent decades. Valuable insight has been obtained into the reaction mechanisms and the key descriptors that control photoactivity and selectivity. This Minireview highlights the different efforts that have been undergone on the design of nanostructured photocatalytic systems to enhance the selectivity to methanol. The effect of structural and electronic aspects, such as surface area, morphologies, crystal facets, redox properties, metal doping, and heterojunctions, on photocatalytic performance, are discussed. The roles of free hydroxyl radicals and/or hydroxy groups for methane activation on the photocatalyst surface are also presented. This Minireview aims to provide an insight into the optimal properties and configurations of the nanostructured photocatalytic materials for tuning their reactivity on the selective oxidation of CH4 to methanol with water. The remaining challenges and promising directions for bringing this technology a step closer to real‐world application are also highlighted.
A Solvent‐free, Catalyst‐free Formal [3+3] Cycloaddition Dearomatization Strategy: Towards New Fluorophores for Biomolecules Labelling
Authors: Chang Liang , Fischer‐Durand Nathalie , Gontard Geoffrey , Bertrand Benoît , Thorimbert Serge , Dechoux Luc
Published: March 2021

A general, sustainable dearomatization reaction for nitrogen‐containing heterocycles was developed. Under solvent free conditions and without catalyst, the biorenewable methyl coumalate (MC) reacted as an efficient C3 partner to convert nine types of basic aromatic rings into their pyrido[1,2‐a] fused derivatives in good to excellent yields. The fluorescence properties of some of the products were harnessed to conjugate fluorescent tags to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Catalytic Properties of Ni3GaSb
Authors: Roy Nilanjan , Kumari Saroj , Sikdar Ritobroto , Sharma Anjali , Harshit  , Ghanta Sivaprasad , Sharma Sudhanshu , Deshpande Parag A. , Jana Partha P.
Published: March 2021

Single crystalline titled phase is synthesized by conventional high‐temperature solid‐state synthesis. Crystal structure of Ni3GaSb is re‐investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The compound crystallizes in P63/mmc space group, the structure can be described as an intermediate of NiSb and Ni2In structures, similar to Ni3GaAs. Electronic structure of the compound is investigated by first‐principles electronic structure calculations on the ordered model of Ni3GaSb. Stability and bond analysis was done by COHP calculations. Hetero‐atomic Ni−Sb and Ni−Ga interactions play a major role towards to stability of the compound, these interactions are also responsible to modify the electronic structure of the titled compound. It was tested for catalytic activity and selectivity for acetylene hydrogenation reaction. Ni3GaSb was found to be a selective catalyst with 95.53 % C2H2 conversion giving 60 % selectivity towards C2H4 at 550 °C.
IrIII−Pyridoannelated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Potent Theranostic Agents via Mitochondria Targeting
Authors: Bonfiglio Anna , McCartin Conor , Carrillo Ulises , Cebrián Cristina , Gros Philippe C. , Fournel Sylvie , Kichler Antoine , Daniel Chantal , Mauro Matteo
Published: March 2021

A novel family of IrIII complexes bearing a pyridoannelated N‐heterocyclic carbene is herein described. The target compounds 1–5 are straightforwardly prepared and fully characterized. Comprehensive investigation of their optical properties reveals a rare case of dual emission ascribed to two excited states localized onto different portions of the molecule, as confirmed by both optical spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional calculations including spin‐orbit coupling. The cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines is investigated as well. Remarkably, 2–5 show up to 50‐fold higher anticancer activity in vitro compared to oxaliplatin market drug with concentration values required to reduce by 50 % the cell viability (IC50) in the low μM range. Finally, in‐depth biological investigation on the most cytotoxic compound 4 reveals its powerful mitochondrial dysfunctioning activity and efficient reactive oxygen species production, associated with apoptosis as the mechanism of cell death.
Methionine oxidation of proteins analyzed by affinity capillary electrophoresis in presence of silver(I) and gold(III) ions
Authors: Hutanu Andrei , Hauser Peter C. , Moritz Bernd , Kiessig Steffen , Noël Aurélie , Stracke Jan O. , Wild Markus , Schwarz Maria A.
Published: March 2021

Oxidative damage of biopharmaceuticals during manufacturing and storage is a key concern throughout pharmaceutical development. However, few simple and robust analytical methods are available for the determination of oxidation sites. Here, the potential of affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) in the separation of proteins with oxidized methionine (Met) residues is shown. Silver(I) and gold(I) ions have the attribute to selectively form complexes with thioethers over sulfoxides. The addition of these ions to the BGE leads to a selective complexation of Met residues and, thus, to a change of charge allowing separation of species according to the different oxidation states of Met. The mechanisms of these interactions are discussed and binding constants for peptides containing Met with silver(I) are calculated. Additionally, the proposed method can be used as an indicator of oxidative stress in large proteins. The presented technique is easily accessible, economical, and has rapid analysis times, adding new approaches to the analytical toolbox of Met sulfoxide detection.
Online hyphenation of size‐exclusion chromatography and gas‐phase electrophoresis facilitates the characterization of protein aggregates
Authors: Weiss Victor U. , Denderz Natalia , Allmaier Günter , Marchetti‐Deschmann Martina
Published: March 2021

Gas‐phase electrophoresis yields size distributions of polydisperse, aerosolized analytes based on electrophoretic principles. Nanometer‐sized, surface‐dry, single‐charged particles are separated in a high laminar sheath flow of particle‐free air and an orthogonal tunable electric field. Additionally, nano Electrospray Gas‐Phase Electrophoretic Mobility Molecular Analyzer (nES GEMMA) data are particle‐number based. Therefore, small particles can be detected next to larger ones without a bias, for example, native proteins next to their aggregates. Analyte transition from the liquid to the gas phase is a method inherent prerequisite. In this context, nonvolatile sample buffers influence results. In the worst case, the (bio‐)nanoparticle signal is lost due to an increased baseline and unspecific clustering of nonvolatile components. We present a novel online hyphenation of liquid chromatography and gas‐phase electrophoresis, coupling a size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) column to an advanced nES GEMMA. Via this novel approach, it is possible to (i) separate analyte multimers already present in liquid phase from aggregates formed during the nES process, (ii) differentiate liquid phase and spray‐induced multimers, and (iii) to remove nonvolatile buffer components online before SEC–nES GEMMA analysis. Due to these findings, SEC–nES GEMMA has the high potential to help to understand aggregation processes in biological buffers adding the benefit of actual size determination for noncovalent assemblies formed in solution. As detection and characterization of protein aggregation in large‐scale pharmaceutical production or sizing of noncovalently bound proteins are findings directly related to technologically and biologically relevant situations, we proposed the presented method to be a valuable addition to LC‐MS approaches.
Biodiesel production from preutilized cooking oil using a renewable heterogeneous eggshell‐coconut pith catalyst: Process optimization and characterization
Authors: Kumar Harendra , Renita A. Annam , Jabasingh S. Anuradha
Published: March 2021

This research article deals with the synthesis of a heterogeneous eggshell‐coconut pith catalyst for the transesterification of preutilized cooking oil into a biodiesel fuel. A wet impregnation technique was adopted to prepare the heterogenous catalyst from calcined eggshells and activated coconut pith, followed by the surface analysis for pores using the scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized catalyst was employed for the transesterification of preutilized or waste cooking oil for its conversion into fatty acid methyl esters. Response surface methodology (RSM) using a four factor, three level, central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the effect of the process parameters (alcohol:oil ratio [4:1,6:1,8:1], temperature [30°C, 50°C, and 70°C], time [60, 120, and 180 min], and ESCP‐catalyst dosage [1, 5, and 9 wt.%]) on the response variable, biodiesel yield. The biodiesel yield from preutilized cooking oil was found to be 72% at the optimized process conditions (50°C, 8:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 5 wt.% ESCP‐catalyst, reaction time of 60 min). The GC‐MS analysis of biodiesel produced showed peaks relevant to conventional diesel. The study has resulted in the synthesis of a stable, cost effective, highly active catalyst for the preutilized cooking oil transesterification into biodiesel.
Quantifying the contribution of upper‐middle crustal shortening and lower crustal thickening to surface uplift in the south‐eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Jiang Xiaodian , Gong Wei
Published: March 2021

Surface uplift occurs as a result of tectonic uplift related to crustal deformation and isostatic compensation due to surface erosion. To determine and quantify the key controlling factors responsible for surface uplift in the south‐eastern Tibetan Plateau, we calculated isostatic compensation using topographic data along five wide‐angle seismic profiles across the Chuandian Block, Indochina Block, and South China Plate, and examined the correlations between tectonic uplift and each crustal layer thickness. The average isostatic compensation caused by surface erosion is 340–480 m, which is approximately 13–26% of the total surface uplift. The geodynamic implications in relation to the Global Positioning System, focal mechanisms (P axes), seismic anisotropy (Pms splitting), and low‐velocity zones were also investigated. The low‐velocity zones with long‐distance southward extension seemed to be significantly reduced, and were divided into two branches by resistance from the inner zone of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) when it is extending into the southern Chuandian Block. The lower crustal thickening related to low‐velocity zones reconstructed a partial crustal structure of the ELIP, and contributed at least 53–62% of the total surface uplift at the western branch, and almost 46–65% at the eastern branch. With the limitations imposed by the rigidity of the South China Plate and Indochina Block, the south‐eastern motion of the upper‐middle crust was strongly decoupled with southward lower crustal flow, as revealed by the unmatched pattern between P axes and Pms splitting. The south‐eastward motion of southern Chuandian Block resulted in upper‐crustal folding in the W–E direction, upper‐crustal thrusting in the N–S direction, and contributed approximately 9–28% of the total surface uplift in some locations. We emphasize the indispensability of upper‐crustal shortening in the frontal zone of the south‐eastern Tibetan Plateau and introduce the transitional characteristics of the southern Chuandian Block, from typical lower crustal flow to coupled crustal brittle shortening.
Assessing the effects of forest biomass reductions on forest health and streamflow
Authors: Bart Ryan R. , Ray Ram L. , Conklin Martha H. , Safeeq Mohammad , Saksa Philip C. , Tague Christina L. , Bales Roger C.
Published: March 2021

Forest biomass reductions in overgrown forests have the potential to provide hydrologic benefits in the form of improved forest health and increased streamflow production in water‐limited systems. Biomass reductions may also alter evaporation. These changes are generated when water that previously would have been transpired or evaporated from the canopy of the removed vegetation is transferred to transpiration of the remaining vegetation, streamflow, and/or non‐canopy evaporation. In this study, we combined a new vegetation‐change water‐balance approach with lumped hydrologic modelling outputs to examine the effects of forest biomass reductions on transpiration of the remaining vegetation and streamflow in California's Sierra Nevada. We found that on average, 102 mm and 263 mm (8.0% and 20.6% of mean annual precipitation [MAP]) of water were made available following 20% and 50% forest biomass‐reduction scenarios, respectively. This water was then partitioned to both streamflow and transpiration of the remaining forest, but to varying degrees depending on post‐biomass‐reduction precipitation levels and forest biomass‐reduction intensity. During dry periods, most of the water (approximately 200 mm [15.7% on MAP] for the 50% biomass‐reduction scenario) was partitioned to transpiration of the remaining trees, while less than 50 mm (3.9% on MAP) was partitioned to streamflow. This increase in transpiration during dry periods would likely help trees maintain forest productivity and resistance to drought. During wet periods, the hydrologic benefits of forest biomass reductions shifted to streamflow (200 mm [15.7% on MAP]) and away from transpiration (less than 150 mm [11.8% on MAP]) as the remaining trees became less water stressed. We also found that streamflow benefits per unit of forest biomass reduction increased with biomass‐reduction intensity, whereas transpiration benefits decreased. By accounting for changes in vegetation, the vegetation‐change water balance developed in this study provided an improved assessment of watershed‐scale forest health benefits associated with forest biomass reductions.
Risks posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the African continent, emphasizing aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Groffen Thimo , Nkuba Bossissi , Wepener Victor , Bervoets Lieven
Published: March 2021

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organic pollutants that may have adverse effects on the ecosystem. Despite the global presence of PFAS, knowledge of PFAS on the African continent is limited because monitoring of PFAS is challenging and often not feasible owing to the lack of analytical capacity and high cost. However, it is necessary to understand the environmental risks posed by these chemicals in developing countries, because increasing urbanization will likely increase PFAS contamination in the environment. Although, as far as is known, PFAS concentrations in the African aquatic environment are generally lower than in more developed countries, exceedances of ecological quality standards (EQS) were reported in a few cases, providing evidence of potential ecological risks to these ecosystems. However, the number of ecosystems at risk will likely increase as urbanization and modernization increase in African countries. Therefore, environmental regulations should be updated and implemented to reduce further contamination of the aquatic environment with these chemicals. In addition, analytical laboratories in Africa should develop their capacity to detect PFAS and related compounds regularly and routinely. Local hot spots need to be identified, the influence of these hot spots on the PFAS burden in the environment should be investigated, and environmental regulations should be implemented for these hot spots to reduce their environmental impact. Therefore, we recommend a more routine monitoring of PFAS, including new PFAS that are currently used as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternatives, which are not regulated and environmentally concerning. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:726–732. © 2021 SETAC

KEY POINTS

PFAS concentrations in the African aquatic environment are generally low compared to developed countries, but they sometimes do exceed ecological quality standard values, providing evidence for potential ecological risks at these ecosystems. Environmental regulations should be updated and implemented, as the number of ecosystems at risks will likely increase due to increasing urbanization and modernization of African countries, to reduce further contamination of the aquatic environment with PFAS. Analytical laboratories in Africa need to develop their capacity to detect PFAS and related compounds regularly and on a routine basis. Local hotspots need to be identified, the influence of these hotspots on the PFAS burden in the aquatic environment should be investigated, and environmental regulations should be implemented for these hotspots to reduce their environmental impact.
Black phosphorus incorporation modulates nanocomposite hydrogel properties and subsequent MC3T3 cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation
Authors: Xu Haocheng , Liu Xifeng , George Matthew N. , Miller A. Lee , Park Sungjo , Xu Hao , Terzic Andre , Lu Lichun
Published: March 2021

A promising strategy that emerged in tissue engineering is to incorporate two‐dimensional (2D) materials into polymer scaffolds, producing materials with desirable mechanical properties and surface chemistries, which also display broad biocompatibility. Black phosphorus (BP) is a 2D material that has sparked recent scientific interest due to its unique structure and electrochemical characteristics. In this study, BP nanosheets (BPNSs) were incorporated into a cross‐linkable oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF) hydrogel to produce a new nanocomposite for bone regeneration. BPNSs exhibited a controllable degradation rate coupled with the release of phosphate in vitro. MTS assay results together with live/dead images confirmed that the introduction of BPNSs into OPF hydrogels enhanced MC3T3‐E1 cell proliferation. Moreover, the morphology parameters indicated better attachments of cells in the BPNSs containing group. Immunofluorescence images as well as intercellular ALP and OCN activities showed that adding a certain amount of BPNSs to OPF hydrogel could greatly improve differentiation of pre‐osteoblasts on the hydrogel. Additionally, embedding black phosphorous into a neutral polymer network helped to control its cytotoxicity, with optimal cell growth observed at BP concentrations as high as 500 ppm. These results reinforced that the supplementation of OPF with BPNSs can increase the osteogenic capacity of polymer scaffolds for use in bone tissue engineering.
Solid‐state valorization of raw oil palm leaves by novel fungi Trichoderma asperellumUC1 and Rhizopus oryzaeUC2 for sustainable production of cellulase and xylanase
Authors: Ezeilo Uchenna R , Wahab Roswanira A , Huyop Fahrul , David Ebuka E , Tin Lee C
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The growing demand for cellulases and xylanases in lignocellulosic degradation and reutilization has spurred the need for their improved production at reduced cost. Abundantly available oil palm leaves (OPL) promise an alternative and sustainable substrate for producing such enzymes in the degradation and biotransformation of unwanted lignocellulosic biomass. Both enzymes are key players in the transformation of biomass into other value‐added commodities.

RESULTS

This study statistically optimized the solid‐state fermentation (SSF) of raw OPL by novel fungal strains Trichoderma asperellum UC1 and Rhizopus oryzae UC2, to produce cellulase and xylanase, where raw OPL was pretreated using ultrasonication before the dual enzyme‐assisted saccharification process. This experiment aimed to identify the best parameters for the highest activity of CMCase (EC 3.2.1.4), FPase (EC 3.2.1.91) and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) of T. asperellum UC1 and of β‐glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) of R. oryzae UC2 for improved saccharification. Activities of CMCase (126.87 U g−1), FPase (85.53 U g−1) and xylanase (215.42 U g−1) achieved the maximum under optimized SSF conditions (30 °C, 2.0 × 107 spores g−1, 75% moisture content, pH 6). The best β‐glucosidase activity (131.76 U g−1) was obtained at 32 °C, 2.0 × 107 spores g−1, 50% moisture content, pH 12. OPL saccharification yielded 1240 ± 32 mg g−1 total reducing sugar. Individual enzyme cocktails improved juice clarification (84–88%) and dough rising (1.7‐ to 2.0‐fold).

CONCLUSIONS

The optimized SSF of raw OPL successfully afforded the production of effective cellulases and xylanases for saccharification‐related reactions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Development of S75:R25 bupivacaine‐loaded lipid nanoparticles functionalized with essential oils for treating melanoma
Authors: Geronimo Gabriela , Rodrigues da Silva Gustavo H , de Moura Ludmilla D , Ribeiro Lígia NM , Guilherme Viviane A , Mendonça Talita C , Castro Simone R , Breitkreitz Márcia C , de Paula Eneida
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

A new role as an antitumoral agent has been proposed for the local anesthetic bupivacaine (BVC), considering its toxic effects on cancer cells. However, such drug repositioning requires an improvement in drug available concentrations and sustained release profiles to surpass BVC short action and narrow therapeutic window. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) may provide bupivacaine with sustained release, and they can be formulated with essential oils, whose intrinsic therapeutic properties may act synergistically with BVC. This study reports the development of two NLC formulations prepared with lavender or melaleuca oils and enantiomeric excess S(−)75:R(+)25 bupivacaine (BVCS75). The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, nanotracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction, and their stability was followed for 1 year. Encapsulation efficiency and in vitro BVCS75 release profile were also measured. Additionally, the effect on the viability of mice (B16‐F10) and human (SK‐MEL‐25) melanoma cells was determined, as was in vivo anesthesia assessed by the tail flick test in mice.

RESULTS

The two formulations optimized by factorial design (NLC‐L‐B and NLC‐M‐B) showed robust physical and chemical properties, 1‐year stability and sustained release in vitro. Cytotoxicity tests revealed a decrease in IC50 values, relative to free BVCS75, of ~80% and 62% (NLC‐L‐B) and 80% and 25% (NLC‐M‐B) in mice and human melanoma cells, respectively. Encapsulation in both formulations doubled the anesthesia time of BVCS75.

CONCLUSION

Combining the effects of bupivacaine and NLC excipients, the two optimized NLC formulations containing BVCS75 may be interesting nanosystems for the treatment of melanomas after further in vivo tests. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effect of three post‐harvest methods and roasting degree on sensory profile of Turkish coffee assessed by Turkish and Brazilian panelists
Authors: Elmacı İlkay , Gok Ilkay
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

This study was carried out in order to investigate the role of post‐harvest methods and roasting degree on the sensory profile of Turkish coffees and to compare the results between two sensory panels: Turkey and Brazil. Bourbon variety of Arabica coffee beans processed by three different post‐harvest methods (natural, pulped natural and fully washed) and roasted at three different roasting degrees (light, medium and dark).

RESULTS

Ground coffee in powder size was heated with cold water and prepared in a Turkish coffee machine. Twenty assessors – ten Turkish and ten Brazilian – were selected and trained to assess 20 flavor attributes of nine Turkish coffee samples. Sensory evaluation results showed that the effects of roasting method on flavor development were perceived more dominantly than effects of post‐harvest methods. For the first time, this study highlighted the sensory analysis of Turkish coffees assessed by Turkish and Brazilian assessors.

CONCLUSION

Turkish coffee flavor profiles were significantly influenced by roasting method and no significant effects of post‐harvest method were observed. Sensorial properties of Turkish coffee were affected by several factors, such as geographical origin and techniques used for preparation of coffee beans, cultural tradition, lifestyle, social behavior and habit. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modern multimodality management of patients with caval leiomyosarcoma: New treatment paradigms and potential molecular insights
Authors: Squires Malcolm H. , Politano Stephen , Pollock Raphael E. , Chen James L. , Grignol Valerie
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives

Caval leiomyosarcomas (cLMS) are rare soft tissue sarcomas historically associated with high recurrence rates and poor prognosis. While radical resection remains the mainstay of therapy for cLMS, new systemic therapies have presented opportunities for multimodality treatment. We examined the clinical outcomes of patients with cLMS treated with modern, multimodality approaches, and compared their outcomes to those of patients with noncaval retroperitoneal LMS (ncLMS).

Methods

A retrospective, single‐institution review identified all patients diagnosed with primary retroperitoneal LMS from 2012 to 2018. Radiographic and pathologic review distinguished patients with cLMS and ncLMS. Standard clinicopathologic variables and response to chemotherapy (when applicable) were analyzed. Primary endpoints were overall (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).

Results

Eleven patients with cLMS were identified. Median tumor size was 7.5 cm (IQR, 5.0–14.3 cm); all patients had Stage II/III disease. Seven patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Nine cLMS patients underwent R0/R1 resection; two did not complete resection. Six patients received adjuvant systemic therapy. Twenty patients with ncLMS were treated during the same period. No statistical intergroup differences were noted in tumor size, pathologic grade, stage, or resection margin status. Patients with ncLMS were less likely to receive neoadjuvant (10% vs. 64%) and adjuvant chemotherapy (30% vs. 55%). Two‐year OS (81% vs. 78%; p = NS) and PFS (55% vs. 46%; p = NS) were comparable between cLMS and ncLMS patients.

Conclusions

Multimodality treatment with systemic therapy and aggressive surgical resection may achieve equivalent survival outcomes for patients with cLMS versus similar ncLMS. We recommend that all patients with cLMS be evaluated for multidisciplinary treatment. Genomic and proteomic expression profiling may identify novel or targetable mutations.
Influence of neoadjuvant therapy on outcomes in patients with resectable carcinoma of esophagus and gastro‐esophageal junction from a tertiary cancer care center in India
Authors: Rao T. Subramanyeshwar , Raju Kalidindi Venkata Vijaya Narsimha , Patnaik Sujit Chyau , Reddy Pratap , Saksena Ajesh Raj , Rajappa Senthil , Mallavarapu Krishna Mohan , Santa Ayyagari , Gudipudi Deleep , Boleneni Naren , Usofi Zeeba , Gujjuru Swathi , Smith Lynette , Are Chandrakanth , Nusrath Syed
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives

The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery to upfront surgery (surgery alone) in patients with resectable carcinoma of the esophagus (esophageal cancer [EC]), and gastro‐esophageal junction (GEJ) in a limited resource setting.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database was performed to identify patients (from January 2010 through December 2016) who underwent surgery for EC and GEJ cancers.

Results

A total of 454 patients were included and categorized into the following groups: nCT (n = 65), nCRT (n = 152) and upfront surgery (n = 237). Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma accounted for two‐thirds and one‐third of the cases, respectively. nCRT group patients were also noted to have smaller tumors, lower margin positivity and a higher R0 resection rates. With a median follow up of 76 months (35–118 months) improved 5‐year overall survival was noted in nCRT group in comparison to nCT and upfront surgery groups (56.5% vs. 34% and 35%, respectively, p = .021).

Conclusions

The results of our study demonstrate the beneficial effect of nCRT for patients with EC and GEJ in a limited resource setting. Further studies are required to analyze and promote the benefits of nCRT in limited‐resource settings.
Investigating the physiological relevance of ex vivo disc organ culture nutrient microenvironments using in silico modeling and experimental validation
Authors: McDonnell Emily E. , Buckley Conor T.
Published: March 2021

Background

Ex vivo disc organ culture systems have become a valuable tool for the development and pre‐clinical testing of potential intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration strategies. Bovine caudal discs have been widely selected due to their large availability and comparability to human IVDs in terms of size and biochemical composition. However, despite their extensive use, it remains to be elucidated whether their nutrient microenvironment is comparable to human degeneration.

Aims

This work aims to create the first experimentally validated in silico model which can be used to predict and characterize the metabolite concentrations within ex vivo culture systems.

Materials & Methods

Finite element models of cultured discs governed by previously established coupled reaction‐diffusion equations were created using COMSOL Multiphysics. Experimental validation was performed by measuring oxygen, glucose and pH levels within discs cultured for 7 days, in a static compression bioreactor.

Results

The in silico model was successfully validated through good agreement between the predicted and experimentally measured concentrations. For an ex vivo organ cultured in high glucose medium (4.5 g/L or 25 mM) and normoxia, a larger bovine caudal disc (Cd1‐2 to Cd3‐4) had a central concentration of ~2.6 %O2, ~8 mM of glucose and a pH value of 6.7, while the smallest caudal discs investigated (Cd6‐7 and Cd7‐8), had a central concentration of ~6.5 %O2, ~12 mM of glucose and a pH value of 6.9.

Discussion

This work advances the knowledge of ex vivo disc culture microenvironments and highlights a critical need for optimization and standardization of culturing conditions.

Conclusion

Ultimately, for assessment of cell‐based therapies and successful clinical translation based on nutritional demands, it is imperative that the critical metabolite values within organ cultures (minimum glucose, oxygen and pH values) are physiologically relevant and comparable to the stages of human degeneration.
Analytical challenges in human exposome analysis with focus on environmental analysis combined with metabolomics
Authors: Hyötyläinen Tuulia
Published: March 2021

Environmental factors, such as chemical exposures, are likely to play a crucial role in the development of several human chronic diseases. However, how the specific exposures contribute to the onset and progress of various diseases is still poorly understood. In part, this is because comprehensive characterization of the chemical exposome is a highly challenging task, both due to its complex dynamic nature as well as due to the analytical challenges. Herein, the analytical challenges in the field of exposome research are reviewed, with specific emphasis on the sampling, sample preparation, and analysis, as well as challenges in the compound identification. The primary focus is on the human chemical exposome, that is, exposures to mixtures of environmental chemicals and its impact on human metabolome. In order to highlight the recent progress in the exposome research in relation to human health and disease, selected examples of human exposome studies are presented.
Treating Veterans at Risk for Suicide: An Examination of the Safety, Tolerability, and Outcomes of Cognitive Processing Therapy
Authors: Roberge Erika M. , Harris Julia A. , Weinstein Harrison R. , Rozek David C.
Published: March 2021

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors; however, clinicians often report apprehension about recommending trauma‐focused therapy to patients with an increased risk of suicide. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and response to cognitive processing therapy (CPT) among a sample of military veterans with PTSD and increased suicide risk. A secondary aim was to provide a clinically useful definition of high suicide risk. Chart review was used to classify the suicide risk level of 290 veterans who participated in CPT at a Veterans Affairs clinic. Treatment outcomes in veterans with different suicide risk levels were also gathered and compared. Over 50% (n = 155) of the sample demonstrated increased suicide risk, and 1.0% (n = 3) engaged in suicidal behavior after initiating treatment. To date, hospital records show no suicide deaths since 2016 among clinic patients who received CPT. Suicide risk level was not associated with CPT tolerability, and PTSD symptom change was equivalent across groups, ps = .085–.976. Veterans across groups reported clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms. The tested suicide risk categorization schemes performed similarly in differentiating the odds of CPT completion and PTSD symptom reduction. These results suggest that veterans with PTSD and an increased risk of suicide, including those with previous suicide attempts and current ideation, can tolerate and benefit from CPT. Additional variables must be considered to truly determine the acute and imminent suicide risk that would deem CPT to be contraindicated.
In vivo evaluation of angulated needle‐guide template for MRI‐guided transperineal prostate biopsy
Authors: Moreira Pedro , Grimble John , Iftimia Nicusor , Bay Camden P , Tuncali Kemal , Park Jesung , Tokuda Junichi
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided transperineal prostate biopsy has been practiced since the early 2000s. The technique often suffers from targeting error due to deviation of the needle as a result of physical interaction between the needle and inhomogeneous tissues. Existing needle guide devices, such as a grid template, do not allow choosing an alternative insertion path to mitigate the deviation because of their limited degree‐of‐freedom (DoF). This study evaluates how an angulated needle insertion path can reduce needle deviation and improve needle placement accuracy.

Methods

We extended a robotic needle‐guidance device (Smart Template) for in‐bore MRI‐guided transperineal prostate biopsy. The new Smart Template has a 4‐DoF needle‐guiding mechanism allowing a translational range of motion of 65 and 58 mm along the vertical and horizontal axis, and a needle rotational motion around the vertical and horizontal axis and a vertical rotational range of , respectively. We defined a path planning strategy, which chooses between straight and angulated insertion paths depending on the anatomical structures on the potential insertion path. We performed (a) a set of experiments to evaluate the device positioning accuracy outside the MR‐bore, and (b) an in vivo experiment to evaluate the improvement of targeting accuracy combining straight and angulated insertions in animal models (swine, ).

Results

We analyzed 46 in vivo insertions using either straight or angulated insertions paths. The experiment showed that the proposed strategy of selecting straight or angulated insertions based on the subject’s anatomy outperformed the conventional approach of just straight insertions in terms of targeting accuracy (2.4 mm [1.3–3.7] vs 3.9 mm [2.4–5.0] {Median ); p = 0.041 after the bias correction).

Conclusion

The in vivo experiment successfully demonstrated that an angulated needle insertion path could improve needle placement accuracy with a path planning strategy that takes account of the subject‐specific anatomical structures.
Nutrition Considerations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Lin Austin , Micic Dejan
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of the definition, prevalence, causes, and clinical management of malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Prevalence of malnutrition in IBD is estimated to be between 6.1% and 69.7% depending on the definition used, the type of IBD, the clinical setting, and whether the IBD is active or in remission. Whereas older definitions of malnutrition have been found to be correlated with mortality and length of hospital stay, the more recent European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) 2015 and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) definitions provide significantly different prevalence estimates of malnutrition when applied to the same patient population, and further work is needed to validate these two definitions against clinical outcomes. In patients with IBD with identified malnutrition, oral nutrition supplementation, enteral nutrition, or parenteral nutrition should be started. In malnourished patients with Crohn's disease undergoing surgery, preoperative enteral nutrition has been demonstrated to reduce the rate of postoperative complications. Overall, patients with IBD are at significant risk for malnutrition and should be screened for malnutrition by using a validated screening tool. The management of malnutrition in IBD is complex, and studies are often limited in their size or their ability to demonstrate an improvement in clinical outcomes based on specific nutrition‐related interventions. Future studies particularly regarding the validation of new screening tools and perioperative management of malnutrition may provide insight into the standardization of diagnosis and management of malnutrition in IBD.
Effects of Implementation of Infant‐Driven Oral Feeding Guideline on Preterm Infants’ Abilities to Achieve Oral Feeding Milestones, in a Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Osman Ahmed , Ibrahim Mujahid , Saunders Jean , Merheb Roula , Moscorelli Michele , Caretto Vanessa , Groh‐Wargo Sharon
Published: March 2021

Objective

This study examines the hypothesis that infant‐driven oral feeding leads to earlier achievement of oral feeding and reduces the length of hospital stay compared with provider‐driven oral feeding in premature infants

Methods

We used a retrospective chart review to compare 2 groups of premature infants born at ≤35 weeks of gestation. The control group (CG) received the Provider‐Driven Oral Feeding model and the intervention group (IG) received the Infant‐Driven Oral Feeding model. Postmenstrual age (PMA) upon achieving full oral feeding, PMA at first oral feeding, discharge weight, and length of hospital stay were compared between the groups.

Results

There are 208 infants in CG and 170 infants in IG. Infants in IG were born, on average, at a lower gestational age and birth weight than infants in CG. The median PMA at full oral feeding of 35 2/7 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 34 2/7–36 2/7) for IG is significantly lower than the median of 35 5/7 weeks (IQR, 35–36 5/7) for CG, P‐value < 0.001. Median PMA at first oral feeding is 34 1/7 weeks for both groups. Median PMA at discharge was 36 6/7 weeks for both groups. Median discharge weights of 2509 g (IQR, 2175–2964) for IG and 2459 g (IQR, 2204–2762) for CG are not statistically different.

Conclusion

Implementation of the Infant‐Driven Feeding guideline led to earlier achievement of full oral feeding by 3 days on average while maintaining the same discharge weight but did not lead to earlier hospital discharge.
Testing an analogue game to promote peer support and person‐centredness in education for people with diabetes: A realist evaluation
Authors: Stenov Vibeke , Lindgreen Pil , Willaing Ingrid , Basballe Henning Grubb , Joensen Lene Eide
Published: March 2021

Aim

To explore the outcomes of testing an analogue game to incorporate person‐centredness and peer dialogues in group‐based diabetes education targeting people with diabetes.

Design

Realist evaluation using quantitative and qualitative methods to explore context, mechanisms and outcomes of the intervention.

Methods

In March–July 2019, the game was tested among 76 people with type 2 diabetes and 17 professionals in 19 settings across nine Danish municipalities. Data consisted of game tests, interviews and questionnaires. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation and descriptive statistics.

Results

Outcomes of using the game were as follows: (a) a playful atmosphere; (b) active engagement; c) reflections on diabetes‐specific experiences; (d) focused dialogues; (e) professionals gaining insight into the needs of participants; and (f) professionals experiencing peer dialogue as important to incorporate into education. Questionnaire responses showed that 92% people with diabetes and 94% professionals found that the game incorporated person‐centredness and peer dialogues into education.
The generalized Ekman model for the tropical cyclone boundary layer revisited: Addendum
Authors: Smith Roger K. , Montgomery Michael T.
Published: March 2021

Motivated by prior research examining the myth of inertial stability as a radial restoring force in the tropical cyclone boundary layer, we explore factors determining the vertical velocity at the top of the linear vortex boundary layer. Possible applications of these findings to mature tropical cyclone vortices are discussed briefly.
Adaptive model predictive control design using multiple model second level adaptation for parameter estimation of two‐degree freedom of helicopter model
Authors: Dutta Lakshmi , Kumar Das Dushmanta
Published: March 2021

This paper proposed an adaptive nonlinear model predictive control approach for a 2‐DoF helicopter model with both parametric uncertainties and input–output constraints. In the proposed control technique, the nonlinear helicopter model is linearized along the prediction horizon using a state and parameter‐dependent state‐space model. Furthermore, a linear quadratic objective function with constraints is carried out using the developed linearized model. Here, the multiple estimation model and the concept of second‐level adaptation are used to handle the parametric uncertainty of the nonlinear system. To ensure the boundedness of the estimated parameter within a predefined compact region, a projection based adaptive law is used. The adaptive tuning laws for the unknown parameters are derived by Lyapunov stability analysis. An ensemble Kalman filter has been used to observe the unavailable states of the 2‐DoF helicopter model. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm has been verified successfully in simulation as well as real‐time experimental setup of 2‐DoF of helicopter model and results are documented in tabular form to show superiority with an existing approach.