bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Intensification of Russian- Turkish Relations: the Essence and the Prospect
Authors: Kudryashova Y. S.
Published: June 2021

Russian-Turkish relations are developing difficultly, mutual distrust still presents, many regional problems are not settled, at the same time Russia is not interested in Turkish expansion in Eurasia. Nevertheless successful economic cooperation inevitably provides a firm basis for political rapprochement and advancing development of mutual trust in our relations. Intensive Russian-Turkish business connection provided the situation of both countries’ interdependency in tradeeconomic and energetic spheres. This situation led to the formation of Russian-Turkish political partnership.
Metamorphosis of social organisms in light of transformation of cultural boundaries: global consequences of modernization processes
Authors: Silantjeva M. V.
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the fundamental contradictions of the globalization processes that have growing influence on the content and form of intercultural communication in the modern world. The possibilities and prospects of historically new forms of cultural interaction and confrontation.
The Нigher Education of Turkey and Bologna Process
Authors: Avatkov V. A. , Kasatkin P. I.
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the complex of issues connected with the system of higher education in Turkey. It emphasizes the facts how it was integrated into Bologna system. There are also the prospects of the system given and analyzed. What is more, the article draws analogies with Russia and scrutinizes them.
Modern Textbook of Diplomatic Negotiation
Authors: Muntian M. A.
Published: June 2021

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Statutory regulation of financial control of public institutions: Current issues and ways of development
Authors: GOLOVIN Sergei V.
Published: June 2021

Subject. This article examines the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation that regulates financial control over government institutions.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze regulations in the area of organization and implementation of external financial control over public institutions. It also aims to identify pressing regulatory issues for external and internal financial controls, and identify possible directions for its development.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis, grouping, comparison, and generalization.
Results. The article describes and compares the types of external financial control of public institutions and internal financial control in public institutions according to the proposed comparison base. It identifies their differences and general methodological approaches to their implementation. The article compares the provisions of the regulations on the basic elements of the system of State financial control, tax control, control in the field of procurement of goods, works, services and State control (supervision), and it reveals similarities and differences of theoretical approaches to their formation.
Conclusions. The article draws conclusions about the need to implement measures to improve the regulatory framework of financial control, which involve the creation of an uniform legislative framework, standardization of control activities at all levels of its implementation. These measures will help ensure the validity of the results and improve the quality of financial control in the public sector of the economy.
Analyzing households' consumption in Russia through cyclicality
Authors: ZHURAVLEVA Tat'yana A. , ZUBANOVA Anastasiya E.
Published: June 2021

Subject. The economic position of households is determined by expenditures out of public income. The standard of living of people correlates with phases of the cyclical development of economy.
Objectives. We examine the consumption in Russia, considering the nominal and real income of the Russian people, expenditures incurred for the ultimate consumption. We also trace how standards of living change, as well as trends in the consumer demand in Russia during the economic crisis.
Methods. Studying households' consumption in Russia given the economic cyclicality, we applied methods of logic and statistical analysis.
Results. As the crisis aggravated in Russia during the coronavirus pandemic in 2019–2020, Russia's GDP insignificantly decreased by 3.1 percent, however households' consumption dropped by 8.6 percent. The consumer demand was found to distort in Russia, as people consumer less non-food products and tend to decline expensive food products. Such consumption trends stems from a decrease in income and, consequently, expenditures as people working as employees have their salaries cut and jobs become more scarce during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions and Relevance. It is vital to bring the economy to its recovery and raise the standard of living by developing the middle class, which considerably shrank during the pandemic. Negative trends in people's wellbeing somewhat preserved macroeconomic indicators of the Russian economic development, since net export increased, currency remained within the countries because people mainly spend less on food and traveling. However, the Russian policy for economic development should pursue interests of the people, whose standard of living should be a priority.
Strategic tools for resolving food security issues: Foreign practices
Authors: SAMYGIN Denis Yu.
Published: June 2021

Subject. The article examines the conformity of strategic planning tools and measures for agriculture with the current situation in the sector and national food security goals.
Objectives. I determine agricultural planning tools, which appear most effective for food issues, referring to foreign countries’ practices.
Methods. The study involves methods of expert assessment, generalization and sorting of leading scholars’ proceedings. I conducted the comparative analysis of advanced economies’ data, referring to the statistical database on the official website of the OECD.
Results. I performed a scientific overview of strategic planning tools and measures for agriculture, which are widely used by advanced economies. The development of agriculture and food security are viewed as a comprehensive matter. Pursuing the high food independence and the development of the export potential, countries, like Russia, apply a variety of planning tools and measures, such as quotas, direct subsidies, guarantees, State aid, food aid. Using the above mechanisms, advanced economies try to address all aspects of the food security, thus ensuring the equilibrium of food demand and supply in terms of regional consumption rates and further.
Conclusions. The use of such mechanisms in Russia may prove even more useful than abroad. If put on scientific grounds and approaches, planning mechanisms for agriculture will become even more result-oriented to address food security issues.
Water quality assessment of Rawanduz River and Gali Ali Beg stream by applied CCME WQI with survey aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera)
Authors: Hanna Nihal Suhail , Shekha Yahya Ahmed , Ali Luay Abdul-Qader
Published: June 2021

The population of Ephemeroptera was studied in three selected stations of Rawanduz River (Gali Ali Beg water fall, Rawanduz River and after the junction of these two waters) during the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn in 2016. In addition,sixteen physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, turbidity, DO, BOD5, NO3, TDN, TDP, HCO3-, Hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, Na% and SAR) of water in these stations were estimated and used to calculate the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). Eleven species of aquatic insects were identified,which belong to four families of the order Ephemeroptera. Three of the studied species are described for the first time. According to water quality index, the water was ranked as poor for drinking and marginal for irrigation purposes.
Investigation the potential role of some medicinal plants extracts in regulating serum lipid profile in female albino rats
Authors: Hameed Shahad Imad , Al-Shahwany Ayyad W. , Salih Sabah Jawad
Published: June 2021

Strong evidence showed that many medicinal plants have the potential to reduce hyperlipidemia disease. The aim of this study was to determine the hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extracts of Fucus vesiculosus, Coleus forskohlii, Curcuma longa L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Camellia sinensis L. and Melissa officinalis L. on lipid profile in serum taken from the blood of rats. Fifty-seven female albino rats were divided into 19 groups, each with three rats, that were treated orally with an aqueous plant extract in three different doses, except the control group which was treated with normal saline only. The chemical compositions of these extracts were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The results showed that the dose of 5 mg/kg ofCurcuma longa was the powerful extract which reduced levels of cholesterol (CHO) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum rats' blood by 31 and 55%, respectively, compared with the control treatment. While, the effective extract to reduce triglycerides (TG) level was that ofFucus vesiculosus(50mg/kg) which reduced TG by 38% compared with the control. Also, Melissa officinalis(50 mg/kg ) extract reduced 30% of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) level as compared to the control treatment. In addition, Coleus forskohlii(100 mg/kg) extract increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level by 115% after being orally given to rats for four weeks. The results of the study indicated significant differences among the concentrationsof the secondary compoundswithin their extracts, which maybe responsible for the observed variations of hypolipidemic activity for each extract. Based on these results, further investigation should target understanding the mechanismsby which these plants can be used as food additives and as dietary supplement.
Prevalence of hyperandrogenism in Iraqi women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Alsaadi Yasmin L. , Mohamad Ban Jasim
Published: June 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a mainly common endocrine disorder. Hyperandrogenism is the major standard in the diagnosisof PCOS development.Eighty women diagnosed with PCOS and twenty healthy women(aged 20-40 years)were enrolled in this study which was conducted at the infertility clinic of Kamal AL-Samaraay Hospital/ Baghdad. The diagnosis of PCOS was made according to the Rotterdam criteria. Body mass index (BMI, Kg/m2)was calculated by a specific formula. History of menstrual irregularity, hirsutism, acne, and alopecia was taken. Hormone levels in serum, namely luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone were measured in all patients and control subjects.There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) in the BMI between the PCOS and control women.Also, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was much higher in PCOS women than in their matching control. The serum levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone were significantly different (P <0.05) in PCOS as compared to healthy women. Clinical hyperandrogenism (hirsutism and alopecia) were present in most of PCOS women, while acne wasa less useful clinical sign of hyperandrogenism.Inaddition, the prevalence of hirsutism and alopecia was  increased in obese  when compared with  overweight and lean PCOS women.
Evaluasi Kebutuhan Tenaga ATC di Bandara Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar
Authors: Masrifah Siti
Published: June 2021

By looking at the growth of air transport has increased quite significantly, certainly not independent human resources needs to guide them in Air Traffic Control personnel. In this case one of the problems encountered in field of aviation is the imbalance between supply and demand on Ihe one hard, the growth of air transport have increased and on one side of the energv needs of ATC is not in accordance with the operation of the flight. In connection with this case was the result of the ability of the Aviation safety Techical Academy, in terms of manpower needs in Particular ATC Sultan Hasanuddin Airport in Makassar, which now number 144 ATC personel, whereas the ideal number to 145 people personnel. However, the results of estimates / projections for 2015 amounted to 182 personnel required by the ATC.
Kajian Pembatasan Angkutan Kargo Perusahaan Angkutan Udara Niaga Berjadwal dan Perusahaan Khusus Kargo
Authors: Purnama M. Herry
Published: June 2021

So far, Cargo transportation ran as well as there is no spesific problem, be cause commercial air transportation activity and special transportation company have spescial market segment clear regulation. If we see on Government no 40 tahn 1995 about air transportation that has been changed with government regulation no 3 th 2000 about air transportation in point 33 ayat 1 dan 3 that the tariff consist of passangers tariff and cargo tariff. cargo tariff is divided to be two tariff, there is cargo tariff International scheduled commercial transportation and domestic scheduled commercial transportation no scheduled transportation's price is based on agrement between service customer and transportation service provider. In Ministry of transportation’s regulation No. KM 25 Tahun 2008 about provider air transportation point 50 ayat 1, special domestic cargo air transpotation can be done schedully or not, meaning in this government regulation no prohibit limitation for commercial air transportation cargo.
Persediaan Fasilitas Pelayanan Sisi Darat Pada Terminal (1A) Bandara Soekarno Hatta
Authors: Pakan Welly
Published: June 2021

The airport is the gateway to the national economy and international events and place over the mode of transportation, operations occur in a variety of interactions between the main components namely: Airport Manager, airline operators, and service user.Along with the increasing frequency of flights and the use of various types of aircraft will require reliability of the facilities at airports in order to support aviation safety and to ensure the security and comfort for users of airport services. One of the facility of the airport is directly related to passenger is land side facilities services.
Evaluasi Pengamanan Penerbangan di Bandara Ahmad Yani - Semarang
Authors: Yuliana Dina , Wasjud Wasjud
Published: June 2021

Security is a fundamental factor that must be met by an airport in which to achieve such security, among which must be fulfilled bothin terms of both quantity and quality of personel anda flight safety equipment.Flight security evaluation at Ahmad Yani Airport - Hyderabad aims to determine the condition of safety Ahmad Yani Airport - Semarang associated with personnel, facilities and security procedures at airports.The observation result shows less sensitive walk trhough metal detector (WTMD) VIP room and a space in the SCP 2 is less adequate, there is still a lack of female officersfor inspection atthe X-Ray, use your check has not been consistent securitystickers, the laying of goods in X-Ray is stillthere that were stacked, the object of vital airport (such as: tower) is not guarded by security, control access to the entire perimeter, is not yet available Airport Security Program (ASP) and Airport Emergency plan (AEP) has not been updated.
Tingkat OTP (On Time Performance) Bandara Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar Tahun 2011
Authors: Pakan Welly
Published: June 2021

Air transportation is a mode of transportation at this time attracted many people because it has many advantages than other modes of transport, by 2011 this number of airlines operating in Indonesia there were 18 (eighteen) airlines that compete in the market and efforts to seize done is to give good service.One form of service from the airline is in the form of "punctuality go" or OTP timeliness of service set out is the "Hope" the passengers on the flight departure, but ironically, the accuracy is still not achieved as expected, was found almost every day there are airlines that do delay departure (Delay) with a variety of reasons.In the regulation of the Minister of Transportation No.. KM 25 in 2008 chapters 36 and 37 stated clearly on the compensation to be paid by airlines to passengers in case of flight departure delays.Moda transportasi udara merupakan moda transportasi yang pada saat ini banyak diminati orang karena mempunyai banyak kelebihan dari moda-moda transportasi lainnya, pada tahun 2011, jumlah maskapai penerbangan yang beroperasi di Indonesia ada sebanyak 18 (delapan belas) maskapai yang bersaing dalam merebut pasar dan upaya yang dilakukan adalah memberi pelayanan yang baik. Salah satu bentuk pelayanan dari maskapai adalah dalam bentuk ”ketepatan waktu keberangkatan” atau OTP, pelayanan ketepatan waktu berangkat adalah merupakan ”Harapan” para penumpang tetapi ironisnya ketepatan keberangkatan penerbangan masih belum tercapai seperti yang diharapkan, masih ditemukan hampir setiap hari ada airline yang melakukan penundaan keberangkatan (delay) dengan berbagai alasan. Dalam peraturan Menteri Perhubungan No. KM 25 tahun 2008 pasal 36 dan 37 dinyatakan dengan jelas tentang kompensasi yang harus diberikan oleh maskapai kepada penumpang apabila terjadi delay keberangkatan penerbangan.
Pengembangan Model Manajemen Untuk Optimasi Pendapatan Penjualan pada Penerbangan Multi-Leg dengan Mempertimbangkan Jarak Tempuh dan Biaya Operasional
Authors: Subroto Budiarto , Pardede Nelson
Published: June 2021

This study is aimed at applying yield management to optimize the airlines selling income by determining or allocating the number of passengers in multi-leg flight in which each leg has two fares classes. Basically, yield management is one of allocating and controlling passenger’s seats methods to optimize the airlines income. Normally, the existing yield management model will only consider the fare, demands and capacity variables. Other variables such as operational and distance will not be covered. When those variables are covered, they are considered as constant variables that will not affect the income optimization. The development of yield management model in this study is applying the linear program model approach, in order to obtain an optimum solution in the multi-leg flight. The approach will produce a decision variable; i.e. the number of passengers that will be allocated in each leg for business and economy fares; and objective function; i.e. maximum income and multi-leg flight route being served. The result of the study is a smaller solution, both for the decision variable and objective function. However, the solution is more valid because it considers more aspects, which are ideally more suitable to the actual condition of the flight operational.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengaplikasikan model yield management untuk mengoptimasikan pendapatan penjualan perusahaan penerbangan dengan cara pengalokasian jumlah penumpang pada penerbangan multileg dimana masing-masing leg mempunyai dua jenis kelas tarif. Pada dasarnya, yield management adalah metode pengalokasian dan pengendalian kursi penumpang untuk mengoptimasikan pendapatan perusahaan penerbangan.. Pengembangan model yield management dalam studi ini menggunakan pendekatan model programa linier, untuk mendapatkan solusi optimum dalam penerbangan multileg. Pendekatan ini akan menghasilkan suatu variabel keputusan yaitu jumlah penumpang yang akan dialokasikan pada setiap leg untuk harga tiket bisnis dan ekonomi; dan fungsi tujuannya adalah memaksimumkan pendapatan dan rute penerbangan multileg yang dilayani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa solusi yang lebih kecil, baik untuk variabel keputusan maupun untuk fungsi tujuan. Meskipun demikian, solusi ini lebih valid karena mempertimbangkan banyak aspek, dimana idealnya lebih sesuai dengan kondisi aktual dari operasi penerbangan.
Sistem Pengelolaan Keamanan Penerbangan Untuk Mendukung Rencana Peningkatan Status Bandar Udara Menjadi Bandar Udara Internasional (Studi Kasus di Bandar Udara Abdulrachman Saleh – Malang)
Authors: Zulaichah Zulaichah , Nahar Faridha
Published: June 2021

Aviation security is important part of airport operation. Secure airport reflects the airport with good management. The Goverment of East Java Province plans to increase the status of Abdulrachman Saleh Airport from domestic airport to international airport. This policy must be supported by good aviation security. This research aims to find problems in the securitymanagement system and give policy recomendation about increasing the quality of aviation security in Abdulrachman Saleh Airport. The method in this research is SWOT analysis. This research will combine strenghs, weakness, opportunities and threats in Abdulrachman Saleh Airport. Based on research, there are 7(seven) policy recomendation which can increase the quality of aviation security. The recomendation are reconsideration about the organization which responsible for aviation security at Abdulrachman Saleh Airport, giving aviation security education and excellent services education for security personnel, increasing the height of security fence based on document ICAO doc.8973, location separation for passenger inspection and air cargo inspection, separation point for body search room and nursery room, making standard operational and procedure for motor vehicles inspection, and building motor vehicles checkpoint. Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur Berencana akan meningkatkan status Bandar Udara Abdulrachman Saleh dari bandar udara domestik menjadi bandar udara internasional. Kebijakan ini tentunya harus didukung denan kualitas keamanan penerbangan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kendala dalam pengelolaan sistem keamanan dan memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk peningkatan kualitas keamanan penerbangan di Bandar Udara Abdulrachman Saleh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis SWOT. Berdasarkan hasil pengkajian, ada 7 (tujuh) rekomendasi kebijakan antara lain; Peninjauan kembali mengenai penanggung jawab keamanan penerbangan di Bandar Udara Abdulrachman Saleh, pemberian pendidikan terkait keamanan penerbangan dan pelayanan prima bagi personel keamanan, peningkatan tinggi pagar pembatas bandar udara sesuai dengan document ICAO doc 8973, pemisahan area pemeriksaan penumpang dan kargo udara, pemisahan antara ruang pemeriksaan fisik penumpang tertutup dan ruang menyusui, pembuatan SOP pemeriksaan kendaraan bermotor, dan pendirian pos pemeriksaan kendaraan bermotor.
Access and Skill in Using ICT in an Open and Distance Learning Context—Students’ ICT Sophistication
Authors: Liebenberg Hanlie , Van Zyl Dion Hendrik
Published: June 2021

A long-standing focus of research in higher education has been on monitoring the degree of student access to information and communications technology (ICT). Recent debates have moved towards a more nuanced understanding of students’ technological experiences and behaviour. As the world changes, so does higher education and expectations regarding the role of technology within this environment. Universities, which continuously strive to improve teaching and learning, need to accommodate students’ increased use of technology and enhance their proficiency and fluency in accessing and using ICT as these skills are required to succeed in education and in life after graduation. This paper proposes that access to ICT constitutes only one dimension of a more complex and elaborate construct, namely that of ICT sophistication, which concerns students’ level of ICT use, and their experience of and engagement and fluency in ICT. As a basis to evaluate the ICT sophistication of students at the University of South Africa, the researchers drew on the findings of the said university’s surveys conducted in 2011 and 2014. This evaluation also served as a method for segmenting the student body to inform interventions. The results obtained supported findings in the literature that “access” could not be fully understood by drawing a one-dimensional distinction between access and non-access.
Decolonisation and South African TVET: A Different Missing Middle
Authors: Anthonie Alexa Nicole
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the South African Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector in relation to calls for decolonisation that have emanated from higher education institutions (universities) and basic education institutions (schools). Both the public and the academic community have echoed these institutions’ calls for transformation through protests and articles in academic journals and the popular media. Apart from two articles in the popular media the silence on decolonisation and TVET has been deafening. A key phrase during the #FeesMustFall protests was “the missing middle,” referring to those students who were too rich for NSFAS bursaries but too poor to afford university fees. I argue that the TVET sector is a different missing middle in that it is missing from debates about decolonising education in South Africa. Through a document analysis of TVET related legislation, I argue that it is too “high” for basic education and too “low” for higher education. By drawing on Jan Blommaert’s notion of “voice” and Gayatri Spivak’s notion of “the subaltern,” the paper considers why there has been such silence on decolonising the TVET sector.
Preparing Pre-Service Teachers for Inquiry-Based Practical Work in Multiple-Deprived Classrooms: A Decoloniality Approach
Authors: Tsakeni Maria
Published: June 2021

Amidst debates on decoloniality in higher education and instructional strategies earmarked for the 21st century in science classrooms, this paper argues for the preparation of teachers who have the epistemic capability to be functional in all school contexts. The study adopts a decoloniality approach and Sen’s Capability Approach to explore the link between pre-service science teacher preparation and the practice of inquiry-based practical work (IBPW) in multiple-deprived classrooms. Inquiry-based learning is an impetus of current reforms and curriculum projects in science education. Practical work is also central to science teaching and learning. The integration of inquiry-based learning and practical work results in IBPW instructional strategies. The implementation of the strategies is filtered through school contextual settings such as material resources and teacher professional identities, which are some of the unmet needs in multiple-deprived classrooms. What is subject to debate in this paper is how teacher training programmes prepare pre-service science teachers to effectively implement IBPW under the adverse conditions of multiple-deprived classrooms. Using one university in the Free State province of South Africa as a case study, data were generated by means of two focus group interviews, each with five final-year pre-service teachers, and semi-structured interviews with two lecturers. Theorising on a decoloniality approach for pre-service teacher preparation in IBPW implementation, the study highlights some epistemic and pedagogical issues that create multiple-deprived classrooms and perpetuate non-inclusivity and injustices.
“We Are Born Like That”: Unpacking an Indigenous African Cultural Practice as a Community Learning Place
Authors: Hlela Zamo
Published: June 2021

In Africa it is a challenge for Africans to find their own culture’s relevance. Practising African indigenous ceremonies is frowned upon, viewed as barbaric and unchristian. According to this perspective, African indigenous knowledge has no relevance to education, religion and politics. Using the Afrocentric discourse this paper analysed and critiqued an African cultural practice called Ukuhlanza amagceke (“cleansing the yard”) as a learning place through the use of participatory learning action and photovoice in participatory research. The research found the practice to be a site of multiple indigenous African learning for the local community at individual and collective levels, facilitated consciously and unconsciously through non-formal and informal learning processes. It concludes that participation in the cultural practice for the locals is empowering and promotes indigenous knowledge systems and Ubuntu. However, this place of learning is under threat from internal and external factors. The paper makes recommendations with regard to a critical evolution of cultural practice because there is a need to build more organically on community-based knowledge and learning processes if community development interventions or research are to bring about authentic change in a rural African context.
The Municipal Audit Committee Self-review Threat: The South African Dilemma
Authors: Erasmus Lourens Jacobus , Matsimela Thabo
Published: June 2021

Context: Corporate governance in South African municipalities is severely lacking and retrograding. The audit committee should essentially be an oversight committee that acts on behalf of the municipal council to ensure that key controls are operating, ethical practices are reinforced, key accounting estimates and judgements are properly made, and that internal and external audits are effective. However, the Municipal Finance Management Act requires that the audit committee acts in an advisory capacity to among others, the municipal management. This statutory requirement is in contrast to international governance code best practice for audit committees.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish how municipal audit committee members perceive their role and whether they realise the self-review threat brought about by the role conflict between legislation and internationally accepted best practice.
Design: A web-based survey questionnaire was used to collect primary data from municipal audit committee members.
Findings: The study found that municipal audit committee members seem to be unaware of the self-review threat their perspectives on their role hold.
Practical implications: Results of the study may assist policy makers and other stakeholders in drafting regulations and legislation governing the functioning and establishment of independent municipal audit committees in South Africa.
Originality: Although the conflicting roles of assurance (oversight) and consulting (advisory) have received attention in the disciplines of external auditing and internal auditing, similar attention is needed in the case of South African municipal audit committees.
Eurocentric Pitfalls in the Practice of African Philosophy: Reflections on African Universities
Authors: Gwaravanda Ephraim , Ndofirepi Amasa
Published: June 2021

We argue that African philosophy scholars are sometimes blinded by Eurocentric tendencies in the practice of African philosophy, and that it is important to identify and overcome these problems. The research gap we intend to fill is that the route of self-examination, self-criticism and self-evaluation has been underexplored in the practice of African philosophy at universities in Africa. The self-understanding of African philosophy is necessary for the reconstruction of indigenous elements for the purpose of African development. Firstly, African philosophy is divided along Eurocentric lines of analytic and continental philosophy. We argue that such a dualism closes other approaches to African philosophy. Secondly, the practice of African philosophy is done in the language of the colonisers; however, concepts from indigenous African languages remain largely unexplored. Thirdly, the Eurocentric approach of making philosophy “universal” and “transcultural,” results in African scholars seeking a general African philosophy that fails to accommodate the diversity and richness of African cultures. Fourthly, African philosophy, as practised in African universities, tends to disregard African culture as the basis of philosophical thought in trying to make philosophy scientific and objective. We argue for decolonial thinking as a means of making African philosophy more genuine.
Hic Sunt Leones: Mythologies and Partisan Constructions of the Good Philosopher in Plato
Authors: Alloggio Sergio
Published: June 2021

Plato constructs the philosopher in contrast to the sophist. Both sophistical and rhetorical logos, in their epistemic closeness to philosophical logos, require a constant act of demarcation throughout Plato’s works. The challenge posed by the sophists creates a constant, instable tension in several Platonic dialogues. Why is the Athenian philosopher obsessed by a different yet comparable approach to virtue, knowledge and social order? Why does the Athenian philosopher need and, at the same time, reject the sophist when it comes to shaping his own self-image? To try to answer these questions, I will go back to a foundational moment where the Platonic philosopher is theoretically constructed and conceptually produced against the sophist, namely, Plato’s Sophist, Statesman, Protagoras, Gorgias and Phaedrus. The aim of the article is to show how the Platonic philosopher is conveniently defined through a series of partisan demarcations grounded on ontological privilege, epistemic exclusion, ethical circularity and, ultimately, political delegitimation.
Restorative Transformation after Lockdown: Freedom and Ubuntu in Civic Education
Authors: Allsobrook Chris , Ndlazi Gugu
Published: June 2021

We contend that lockdown restrictions to prevent the spread of Covid-19 in South Africa have exposed deep divisions between citizens and the state, due in part to the neglect of citizenship education and to the neglect of our historical citizenship heritage. We propose in this paper two sources of appropriate normative guidelines, rooted in our common, collective history and ethics, which we ought to promote among citizens to reunite our people. We argue that citizenship education ought not only to be promoted actively in schools but that it must be reformed on the basis of two sets of foundational principles: a) Ubuntu; and b) the Freedom Charter. These encourage integration between citizens and subjects, and between citizens and the state; not to impose false universality from above, nor incoherent heteronomy from below, but to regulate these with cultural and historical continuity in transformation.
Thinking of Biko in the time of Covid-19
Authors: Cloete Michael
Published: June 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has presented serious questions; not only of a medical-scientific nature, but of a deeply philosophical nature as well. Often, when faced with the unknown—whether in the form of an environmental catastrophe or a general health threat—finding effective ways to overcome our fear of the unknown yields important clues regarding not only the nature of our self-understanding as human beings, but also our all-too-human perceptions of Other(s). While the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has been especially harsh on people living in conditions of extreme poverty and material deprivation, our collective response has (predictably) proceeded from a position that privileges the interests and lifestyles of the rich, the well-resourced and the politically connected, in a manner that sadly confirms the biblical prophecy: the poor will always be among you. This essay seeks to examine the impact of Covid-19 in South Africa. Its analytic focus proceeds from the perspective of Steve Biko’s conception of Black Consciousness philosophy. It seeks to argue that Biko’s humanist project of liberation offers important insights that can assist us in the normative quest for a society “with a more human face.”
“You Can’t Solve a Problem Until You Ask the Right Question”: Positioning Afrocentric Learning Communities in the Post #FeesMustFall Context
Authors: Mapaling Curwyn , Plaatjes Ronelle
Published: June 2021

Higher education in South Africa is in an era that demands a new lens and theoretical clarity to inform how we grow the collective identity of 21st century African students with a framework that is grounded in the following two questions, “Who am I/are we in this context and how can I/we contribute to the knowledge base in higher education?” Through this paper, we would like to position the conversation by addressing theoretical aspects of a humanising pedagogy, Afrocentricity and Ubuntu, within South African higher education learning communities. We argue in this positional paper that a Relational Centred Framework for Afrocentric Learning Communities will add to the complexity of the search for our African identity, also referred to as African ways of being, in higher education, especially for South African students in the post #FeesMustFall context.
Student-Generated Videos as a Learning Tool in Veterinary Education
Authors: Van Wyk Mari , Van Ryneveld Linda
Published: June 2021

In spite of reported benefits of mobile devices, educational institutions criticise the use of mobile devices for learning because they are considered a distraction in class. Furthermore, researchers claim that the apparent mechanistic use of videos in classes does not contribute to deeper learning. To explore the affordances of videos and the possibility of deeper learning, a group of veterinary science students volunteered to explore the use of videos while attending theoretical and practical lectures. In this qualitative study, the participants tried out a variety of devices to take short videos of procedures and were actively involved with the learning content as they organised and reflected on the self-made videos. In spite of the critique against the use of mobile devices and the apparent shallow learning contribution of videos, participants self-reported that watching the videos again and the processes that took place after the videos were made contributed hugely to their learning experience. Participants demonstrated that mobile devices can be used constructively, and through a process of reflection deepen their learning experience. How the participants use the videos for learning can give lecturers new ideas on how they can use videos in their classes.
A Turn of Events
Authors: Mia Naseemah
Published: June 2021

A short story that challenges a preconceived understanding of what qualifies as rape, following ideals of gender positions and who can be labelled as victim and attacker. Presenting a different point of view on a topic many avoid, deny or simply ignore.
The Princes in 4QSongs of the Sabbath Sacrifice, Songs Six and Eight: Are They Angelic or Human?
Authors: Evans Annette
Published: June 2021

The pervasive ambiguity in Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (SOSS) presents a major problem: When are the activities described in this text performed by angels and when by humans? This article builds on previous research on Songs One, Seven, Twelve, Thirteen, and knowledge in SOSS that hypothesized that as the liturgy proceeds through the thirteen songs of 4QSOSS a gradual transition takes place in the human participants. In Song Six the seven chief princes initially bless God and then proceed to bless “all councils in the sanctuary, and those who have knowledge of eternal things,” “those whose way is perfect,” “all who wait for Him … for a return of His gracious compassion.” The following song, significantly the middle of the liturgy, describes angelic messenger activity arising from the throne of God, based on Ezekiel’s merkebah chapters. After Song Seven, a dramatic change takes place. In Song Eight those who do the blessing are no longer “chief” princes, but “deputy” princes. The hypothesis of this article is that these deputy princes are the “people of discernment” introduced in Song One, who, having persevered in joint exaltation of God with the “holiest of holy ones,” are enabled to become “god-like” messengers of God, to convey God’s compassion to those “who wait for Him.”
Women Treated as Property: The Influence of the Ancient Near East on the Covenant Code
Authors: Pietersen Christo
Published: June 2021

Gender discrimination is not a new phenomenon. It has been prevalent in many civilisations through the ages, including those in the ancient Near East. Prejudice against women thus found its way into legal codes, such as the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi, which introduced the idea of “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth,” according to which the killer of a woman was only obliged to pay half a gold mina as punishment to her father or husband, while the punishment for the murder of a nobleman was death. Gender discrimination was also displayed in the moral codes of the Hebrew Bible, including the Deuteronomic Code, the Covenant Code, and the Holiness Code. This article will examine how the Covenant Code relates to gender discrimination. The code, which is presented in Exodus 20–23, is an ancient legislative framework of impressive breadth. Scholars agree that the Covenant Code is an excellent barometer to reveal how women were treated in ancient Israel. While the aim of the article is not to make an in-depth exegetical study of the Covenant Code, it will examine the influence that other cultures in the ancient Near East had on Israel. Appreciating the power that pagan cultures exerted over Israel does not however excuse the negative treatment of women reflected in the Covenant Code. Nevertheless, this investigation will demonstrate how significant this influence was in allowing the negative treatment of women in Israel to persist, especially against the backdrop of Yahweh’s covenant, which stipulated that women were to be treated with dignity and respect.
“If a King Judges the Poor with Fairness, His Throne is Established Forever”: Approaching Proverbs 29:14 with African Interpretive Resources
Authors: Holter Knut
Published: June 2021

With Proverbs 29:14 as a textual case, the article discusses how three African Old Testament scholars—Philippe Dinzolele Nzambi, Lechion Peter Kimilike, and Dorothy BEA Akoto-Abutiate—allow examples from the African proverbial heritage to serve as interpretive resources in their interpretation of texts and motifs from the book of Proverbs.
Response to Human Trafficking in South Africa: Beyond the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Bello Paul Oluwatosin
Published: June 2021

This article evaluates the efforts of the South African criminal justice system in combating human trafficking. The phenomenon of human trafficking has been a resonating issue of concern to the South African State. Several women, children, and to a lesser degree men have been entrapped in the web of exploitation produced via trafficking, in the country. Steps have been taken by the State to combat the scourge by enlisting human trafficking among crimes that require an effective criminal justice response, including the enactment of an anti-trafficking law for it to be combated. But then, instead of diminishing, the menace is still on the rise. From the findings of a broader doctoral study on â€˜examining human trafficking and the response of the South African criminal justice systemâ€™, using mixed-method approach, it was discovered (amongst others) that the South African criminal justice system cannot effectively combat human trafficking in the country. Specifically, the study found that the triggering factors that engendered the vulnerability and eventual exploitation of people through trafficking fall outside the scope of the justice system. Findings also indicated a strong linkage between failure of social institutions and a rise in human trafficking in the country. The study further make recommendations for an enduring approach.
Expressing Organisational Autonomy: A Case Study of South African Further Education and Training Colleges
Authors: Juan Andrea , Hannan Sylvia
Published: June 2021

The organisational governance of further education and training colleges in South Africa has been cited as an obstacle to the institutions’ ability to contribute to the developmental needs of the country. In response, the government has instituted major policy reforms since 1996, including a move towards granting greater organisational autonomy to these colleges, with limited success. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of the causes of these governance issues by examining the effect of the organisational environment, with specific focus on the power dynamics that characterised that environment between 2010 and 2012. A qualitative research approach was adopted to answer two research questions: (i) How did the concentration of power in the external environment affect the expression of autonomy of further education and training colleges between 2010 and 2012? and (ii) How did the colleges respond to the power dynamics in the external environment? The analysis of data from case studies of two further education and training colleges revealed that the government had applied external control over the institutions, thereby constraining the overt expression of autonomy. However, the colleges were not without agency and were able to respond strategically to demands from the policy environment. Thus, this study offers a counter-narrative in South African literature on governance in vocational colleges, and the authors of this article assert that the failing governance in respect of the case studies was a result of external forces (power dynamics) rather than the internal characteristics of the colleges.
The Paradox of (De)politicisation in a Selected South African Municipality: An Afrocentric Ethical Reflection
Authors: Shai Kgothatso B.
Published: June 2021

South Africa’s local government administration is complex in that both traditional leadership and elected municipal councils play a role in it. Traditional leadership occupies an essential position and status in local government administration, in particular in rural South Africa. However, the contemporary administrative jurisdiction of municipalities cuts across both rural and urban areas. In the rural areas, the conflict over the division of roles between traditional leaders and elected councillors is evident. Due to the influence and dominance of the neo-liberal global order, modernists often accuse traditional leadership of being undemocratic and authoritarian. However, the reality is that elected councils’ administration also leaves much to be desired, and the consequences of their poor administration are not uniformly understood. Since South Africa is a democratic state, it is expected that there should be a clear separation in government institutions between party (i.e., the ruling African National Congress) politics and public administration; a phenomenon that some describe as depoliticisation. Nevertheless, the realities on the ground suggest otherwise. This article, which is based on the theory of Afrocentricity, examines a selected rural municipality (Maruleng) in South Africa’s Limpopo province to critically reflect on the ethics and the value system of African culture in the context of local governance vis-à-vis Westernised governance principles. The aim of this research is achieved through interdisciplinary critical discourse and thematic analysis in its broadest form.
Negotiating the Space of Youths amid Growing Insecurities: Lessons from Tanzania and Kenya
Authors: Walwa William John
Published: June 2021

Today, the dominant discourse on violence and the youth is that the youth are either the victims or the perpetrators of violence. This discourse has led to the isolation of the youth and to the failure to tap the potential of the youth in order to address violence. Drawing on a qualitative research study done in Kenya and Tanzania, this article, however, disputes the dominant discourse that depicts youths as perpetrators of violence. The article maintains that while the youth could be trapped in conflict situations as victims, their help could be harnessed to find a positive solution to growing insecurities. In Tanzania, the participation of boda-boda (motorcycle) drivers in community security programmes has helped to curb violent incidents. In Kenya, self-help groups of youths are assisting in gradually defusing violent extremism among the youth. The article contributes to an understanding of the dividends in getting the youth’s help in defusing violent conflicts.