bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Etiology of Kidney Failure in Indonesia: A Multicenter Study in Tertiary-Care Centers in Jakarta
Authors: Hustrini Ni Made , Susalit Endang , Lydia Aida , Marbun Maruhum Bonar H. , Syafiq Muhammad , Yassir  , Sarwono Johanes , Wardoyo Elizabeth Yasmine , Jonny  , Suhardjono  , Pradwipa Rizki Y. , Nugraheni Anitasari , Van Diepen Merel , Rotmans Joris I.
Published: June 2023

Background: Despite a large number of patients requiring dialysis, the etiology of kidney failure is poorly documented in Indonesia. With the aim to reduce the disease burden, it is essential to obtain more insight in the etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Objective(s): In the present study, we attempted to investigate the primary renal disease of kidney failure patients from five tertiary-care centers in Jakarta.
Methods: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study of kidney failure patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT), from December 2021 to July 2022. We recruited patients aged ≥18 years, had been receiving dialysis for at least three months or a kidney transplantation.
Findings: This study included 1,152 patients treated with hemodialysis (68.1%), peritoneal dialysis (7.5%), and kidney transplantation (24.4%). At the start of KRT, the median (interquartile-range [IQR]) age was 48 [37–58] years with low eGFR (median [IQR]: 5.9 [4.0–8.34] ml/minute/1.73 m2). Hypertension was the main comorbidity (74.2%), followed by diabetes mellitus (30.1%). The major primary kidney disease was diabetic kidney disease (27.2%), followed by glomerulonephritis (13.0%), hypertension (11.5%), and urolithiasis (10.3%). Lupus nephritis was the common underlying etiology of secondary glomerulonephritis (91%). A high rate of unknown cause (31.1%) was also observed.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of kidney failure in Jakarta, followed by glomerulonephritis. This study highlights the need for a better approach on primary prevention of diabetes mellitus as well as to better recognize glomerulonephritis at earlier stage might have a significant impact on reduction of the rate of kidney failure in Indonesia.
Comparison of Treatment Efficacy in Migraine treated with Nortriptyline and Caffeine Cessation vs Nortriptyline without Caffeine Cessation
Authors: Imtiaz Muhammad , Saeed Faheem , Tufail Shafia , Tufail Namra , Khan Anam
Published: June 2023

Background: The usage of caffeine as a psychostimulant is prevalent worldwide. However, consuming excessive amounts of caffeine can result in various acute and chronic biological and physiological alterations, which can lead to symptoms such as cognitive impairment, depression, fatigue, insomnia, cardiovascular changes, and headaches. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the treatment efficacy in migraine patients treated with nortriptyline and caffeine cessation versus nortriptyline without caffeine cessation. Method: It’s a randomized controlled trial. Research was conducted at Department of Neurology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. This study involved 76 patients of both genders, aged between 18-60 years diagnosed with migraine within the past 6 months which were randomly divided into two treatment groups. Patients in both the groups received nortriptyline. However, those in the experimental group were also advised to avoid caffeine intake. Results: The outcome variable was the efficacy of treatment which was labeled if the patient had ≤1 episode of headache/week after 4 weeks of treatment. The mean age of the patients was 33.5±12.3 years. There were 27 (35.5%) male and 49 (64.5%) female patients. The frequency of treatment efficacy was significantly higher in patients treated with nortriptyline and caffeine cessation as compared to those treated with nortriptyline without caffeine cessation (78.9% vs. 39.5%; p-value<0.001). In our current practice we don’t prohibit caffeine use during treatment of patients with migraine which might be a cause for treatment failure and patient’s dissatisfaction. If the results of the present study reveal that caffeine 14 cessation may improve treatment outcome of migraine patients, it will enable better management of such patients presenting in future clinical practice. Conclusion: In the present study, caffeine cessation was found to be associated with a significantly higher frequency of treatment efficacy among patients receiving nortriptyline for migraine regardless of patient’s age, gender, BMI, duration of disease, and number of headache episodes per week before the start of treatment which necessitates that caffeine cessation should be advised in such patients to improve the treatment response in future clinical practice. Keywords: Migraine, Nortriptyline, Caffeine Cessation, Headache, Nortriptyline, neurological disorder
Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilization Technique in Comparison with Mulligan Mobilization Technique in Management of Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Anwar Mamoona , Mughal Muhammad Waqas , Izhar Nabira , Rasheed Maryam
Published: June 2023

Background: Frozen shoulder refers to a common shoulder condition characterized by a general limitation of shoulder range of motion in the capsule model. The capsular pattern of the shoulder is characterized by the greatest limitation of passive lateral rotation and abduction. Physiotherapy is the most important part of the conservative treatment of frozen shoulder. Aim: To find the role of Maitland mobilization technique in treatment of frozen shoulder with Mulligan’s mobilization techniques and its possible effects in early gaining of ROM and pain management. Methods: This was a comparative study conducted at the Department of Physical Therapy and Orthopedic Surgery I, King Edward Medical College/Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Subjects were conveniently divided into her two groups, each group containing her 40 patients. In group A, patients were treated with Maitland manipulative therapy. In group B, patients were treated with mulligan mobilization and movement techniques. Patients in both groups were followed for up to 6 weeks and improvements in motor parameters were recorded at each patient's follow-up visit. SPSS was used for data entry and analysis. Result: A total of 50 patients participated in this study. The mean age of patients in group A was 46.23 years and the mean age of group B was 45.23 years at the onset of the disease at 6 weeks, 11 patients at 10 weeks, and 2 patients at 12-year intervals. Patients had an onset duration of 6 weeks, 10 patients had an onset duration of 10 weeks, and 6 patients had an onset duration of 12 weeks. Abduction was observed to be significantly improved in patients treated with the Mulligan method compared with those treated with the Maitland mobilization method. Practical implication: More specifically, the study will be focused on the examining the shoulder active and passive ROMs and pain reduction before and after the treatment. All measured characteristics of FS patients will be compared with those of the subjects with asymptomatic shoulders. Conclusion: In comparison with Mulligan mobilization technique, Maitland mobilization technique is more effective in the management of frozen shoulder. Keywords: Adhesive capsulitis /Frozen shoulder, Mulligan mobilization technique, Maitland mobilization technique.
Embolectomy at the Time of Ligation of Femoral Vessels in Psuedoaneurysm in Intravenous Drug Addicts can save Limb
Authors: Rasool Syed Hamad , Butt Hafiz Khalid Pervaiz , Arif Mariam
Published: June 2023

Aim: To determine the impact of embolectomy at the time of ligation of femoral artery in management of pseudoaneurysmin intravenous drug addicts Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Methods: This study was carried out at Vascular surgery department, CMH Lahore and included 28 patientsof intravenous drug addiction of both genders presenting in emergency of CMH Lahore with viable limb from 1st August 2021 to31st January 2023. Unsalvageable limbs at the time of presentation were excluded from the study. SPSS Version 20.0 was used for data analysis of age, sex, co-morbidities (infection), mode of presentation and outcome variables. Results: This study comprised of28 patientsadmitted through Emergency Department of CMH, Lahore. The mean age was found to be 32.16 years ±7.63 years. All patients 28(100%) were males with majority belonging to third decade of life 20(71.4%).Chronic viral infection was present in all cases. Almost half of them had hepatitis B virus infection (48%) while cases positive with hepatitis C virus and HIV infections were 37% and 15% respectively.Majority of the patients came to the hospital with bleeding from ruptured pseudoaneurysm (60.7%) and infected pulsatile swelling (32.1%), while pulsatile swelling without bleedingand wrong diagnosis were least common.Alllimbs were salvaged in first and second follow-up visits, 20 patients were lost on follow up on 12th week. Conclusion/Practical implication: Embolectomy is a very useful adjunct in the management of pseudoaneurysm of intravenous drug addicts. It should be routinely practiced in treatment of these patients to save limbs. Keywords: Embolectomy, ligation, femoral vessels, intravenous drug addicts
Analisis Potensi Budaya Lokal sebagai Atraksi Wisata Dusun Segunung
Authors: Rahmatin Leily
Published: June 2023

Potensi budaya sebagai atraksi wisata dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor terbesar dalam menarik wisatawan. Destinasi pariwisata rintisan yang mengusung kearifan lokal menjadi potensi unggulan atraksi wisata. Beragam potensi wisata menjadi menarik untuk dikembangkan namun juga diharapkan menjadi lestari sebagai bentuk keberlanjutan dari kegiatan pariwisata yang dikembangkan saat ini. Kesesuaian tujuan pengembangan pariwisata budaya dengan pelaksanaan pengelolaan pengembangan pariwisata menjadi aspek yang penting untuk dianalisis, sehingga pengembangan potensi pariwisata juga dapat menjadi wadah kelestarian budaya lokal yang dimiliki. Pentingnya tulisan ini sebagai bentuk analisis terhadap potensi wisata berbasis budaya lokal yang dapat menjadi atraksi wisata yang dapat memberikan nilai daya saing pariwisata namun juga memperhatikan nilai keasliannya yang terdapat di Kampung Adat Segunung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengmpulan data berupa observasi langsung dan wawancara mendalam. Potensi pariwisata yang menjadi peluang pengembangan Pariwisata Kampung Adat Segunung aspek produk pariwisata sebagian besar yang terdapat di destinasi pariwisata merupakan atraksi wisata dengan konsep budaya. Tujuan dari pariwisata budaya adalah untuk mempromosikan pemahaman, apresiasi, dan pelestarian berbagai budaya sehingga kearifan lokal yang ada dapat tetap terjaga dan bermanfaat dalam meingkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal melalui pariwisata.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL TEACHING OF NATIONAL LANGUAGES AND CULTURES AND THE PERPETUATION OF LIVING TOGETHER
Authors: Gaël FOMEKONG Christiane , Domche Teko Engelbert , Pierre Tematio Louis
Published: June 2023

Living together, the watchword for the Cameroon of tomorrow, is linked to none other than the national languages. This article, therefore deals with this theme. Since the introduction of national languages and cultures into school curricula under Law No. 98/004 of April 14, 1998, the new policy advocated by the Cameroonian government has encouraged harmonious cohabitation between the national languages present throughout the national territory. As language is the primary foundation of an individual's personality and cultural identity, it is therefore considered an indispensable instrument and medium for expressing the thoughts, traditions, beliefs, arts, habits, and customs of people. In short, it is all that remains when everything has been lost. As long as a society accepts, without discrimination, the languages (mother tongues) that are an integral part of its development, it will deal in a concerted manner with the problems that undermine its existence and hinder its development. Members of society are increasingly neglecting their linguistic and cultural heritage in favour of modernism and foreign languages, which are not as conducive to their development as we would have wished. Faced with this situation, we urgently need to set up a teaching method that will act as a bridge between languages, cultures, and living together. To do this, we plan to equip learners, teachers, and community members sufficiently for their prestigious development and general integration without barriers. This is why, in a context marked by linguistic diversity, we are exploring the feasibility of preserving a firm peace through practical methods of linguistic knowledge in institutions. In this vein, we will take the opportunity, after clearing up the key concepts, to identify the impacts and start from the limits in order to make our contribution to the presentation of a productive way of living together.
A general overview of organic food trade in the Federal District
Authors: Martins Jéssica Lorhanne Durães , Negrão Domingo Sávio Coelho , Junqueira Ana Maria Resende , Soares João Paulo Guimarães
Published: June 2023

The organic segment offers great potential for expansion, mainly due to a greater consummers’ recognition in recent decades of its environmental, economic and food relevance. The study aimed to characterize the trade of organic products from family farming in the Federal District. This is an exploratory and descriptive research, taking as reference data from studies conducted by the National Supply Company (CONAB/MAPA), Community Supported Agriculture in Brasília (CSA Brasília) and the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of the Federal District (EMATER- DF).  Data was collected from August to December 2021. The results indicate that the fairs are the main places for the acquisition of organic products, mainly vegetables. The number of fairs decreased 35% due to Covid-19 pandemic. At the same time, the emergence and growth of new forms of trade, such as CSAs and Delivery, the latter because of the impact of Covid-19, grew by about 40%.
Local knowledge and use of non-conventional food plants (PANC) in the Nova Camapuã Settlement, Federal District
Authors: Abreu Letícia de Figueiredo Assencio , Junqueira Ana Maria Resende
Published: June 2023

Unconventional Food Plants (PANC) are increasingly sought after by consumers looking for healthy and nutritious food. However, its use is still restricted due to little knowledge about the species. The aim of this research was to map the PANC species in the Nova Camapuã Settlement - DF, as well as to evaluate the knowledge of farmers and their families about this type of plant. For this, a semi-structured questionnaire, interview, guided walk, and photographic record of the species were used. Most farmers did not know the term PANC. However, they knew the species and used them, especially in the past. PANC bring back memories of childhood and poverty. Production and collection are for self-consumption. Difficulty in accessing water limits production. The income from PANC is not enough to support the family financially. There is an exchange of plant material between neighbours in the Settlement. Some families reported using PANC to improve their diet.
Inhibitory effect of Solanum anguivi fruit extracts against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney
Authors: TUGBOBO OS  , IDOWU KS  , STEPHEN-AMZAT B  , LAYO-AKINGBADE TO
Published: June 2023

Rapid incidence of liver and kidney disorders resulting in high mortality nowadays is of great concern and there is this very need to salvage the sudden death resulting from the disorders. Lipid peroxidation which is the hallmark of oxidative stress that damage body tissues is prominent as one of the causative factors leading to many chronic and degenerative diseases. This study is sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Solanum Anguivi fruit against lead acetate induced lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidney tissues of albino rats in vitro using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The results obtained indicate a concentration dependent increase in inhibitory potential of the extracts against lead acetate in both liver and kidney tissues. Highest extract inhibitory potential was (90%) at highest extract concentration (160mg/ml) and this was obtained in the liver tissue. Hence, the results from this study suggest that oxidative stress in liver and kidney tissues could be potentially prevented or managed by dietary intake of Solanum Anguivi fruits.
Ảnh hưởng của liều lượng LHRHa đến kết quả sinh sản trên cá rô đầu vuông (Anabas testudineus)
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Minh , Lương Công Trung , Phạm Thị Anh
Published: June 2023

Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của liều lượng tiêm LHRHa đến thời gian hiệu ứng thuốc (TGHƯ), tỷ lệ đẻ (TLĐ), sức sinh sản hữu hiệu (SSS), tỷ lệ thụ tinh (TLTT), tỷ lệ nở (TLN), tỷ lệ sống (TLS) cá bột cá rô đầu vuông (Anabas testudineus). Cá cái thành thục (377,8 - 391,3 g/con) được tiêm LHRHa với 5 liều, lần lượt là 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 µgLHRHa (kết hợp với 5mg DOM-domperidon)/kg), tương ứng với 5 nghiệm thức (NT): NT40, NT60, NT80, NT100 và NT120. Cá đực tiêm ½ so với liều cho cá cái. Ngoài ra, 1 NT tiêm NaCl (0,9%) được sử dụng để làm NT đối chứng (ĐC). Kết quả cho thấy cá ở ĐC không sinh sản sau 24 giờ. Liều tiêm LHRHa ảnh hưởng đến TGHƯ, TLĐ, SSS, TLTT, TLN, TLS của cá bột mới nở (TLS) (P<0,05). Nghiệm thức NT80 và NT100 cho tỷ lệ đẻ 100%, cao hơn các nghiệm thức còn lại. TGHƯ ở NT40 (7,4±0,5 giờ) và NT60 (7,2±0,5 giờ) dài hơn các nghiệm thức khác. SSS lớn nhất là ở NT120 (616,8±54,1 trứng/g cá cái). Tuy nhiên, TLTT, TLN, TLS của ấu trùng 1 ngày tuổi ở NT120 là thấp nhất. NT80 và NT100 không sai khác có ý nghĩa thống kê về các chỉ tiêu sinh sản nói trên. Do đó, trong thực tế sản xuất, chỉ cần tiêm 80 µgLHRHa cho cá rô đầu vuông cái tại Khánh Hòa.
MENUJU KEUNGGULAN MELALUI MALCOLM BALDRIGE DENGAN DAMPAK POSITIF DAN NEGATIFNYA UNTUK DUNIA BISNIS
Authors: Nugraha Putri Nita Novia , Murti Intri Ayu , Zulfiah Evi , Widanta Bekti , Chandra Kirana Kusuma
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the positive and negative impacts of applying the Malcolm Baldrige Method in the business world. This study also aims to find out whether it is possible if the Malcolm Baldrige Method is applied to MSMEs in Indonesia which in their business development are distinguished by 4 criteria namely Livelihood Activities, Micro Enterprise, Small Dynamic Enterprise and Fast Moving Enterprise, while for the Baldrige Assessment there are 7 pillars of assessment namely Leadership, Strategic Planning, Customer Focused, Measurement-Analysis-Knowledge Management, Workforce Focused, Operations Focused, and Results. To achieve the objectives of this study, researchers used a qualitative critical journal approach and literacy studies. This research finds several positive and negative impact points from the application of the Balcolm Baldrige Method in the business world, and finds that this method cannot be applied to all MSMEs. However, it is possible for an MSMEs that have a vision and mission to enter the stock market, then the 7 pillars of Malcolm Baldrige's assessment can be pioneered which pillars can be developed as early as possible.
Description Versus Experience for Decisions About Discounts
Authors: Smith Tanner D. , Schneider Darryl W.
Published: June 2023

The description–experience gap in risky choice behavior is the finding that people tend to overweight rare events when making description-based decisions, whereas they tend to underweight rare events when making experience-based decisions. In the present study, the authors investigated whether the gap, which is studied mainly in the context of monetary gambles, generalizes to the context of retail discounts in the consumer domain. In 3 experiments, subjects made description- or experience-based decisions about safe and risky discounts (scratch-and-save promotions). When discounts were expressed as percentages without a reference point, there was no evidence of a gap (Experiment 1). When discounts were expressed in dollars with an explicit reference point, there was evidence of a partial gap, such that experience subjects chose the risky promotion more often than description subjects did but only when the large discount occurred with high probability (Experiments 2 and 3). In all experiments, experience subjects tended to be more rational than description subjects when choosing between promotions with different expected values. Possible reasons for the pattern of results are discussed.
Prediction of Protein Secondary Structure based on Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Xiao Yu , Chen Xiaozhou
Published: June 2023

In the field of bioinformatics, the prediction of secondary structure of proteins is very important. It can be obtained from the prediction of primary structure (amino acid sequence) and can provide reference for the prediction of tertiary structure of proteins. Amino acid sequences of proteins are encoded with several features and then combined into the prediction network. Convolutional neural network has excellent performance in text and sequence information extraction. The amino acid sequence of protein is also a special sequence, so the convolutional neural network can be used to extract the information in the sequence. Moreover, the influence of amino acids on the formation of secondary structure varies with different distances, so in the experiment, convolutional neural networks with convolution nuclei of different sizes were used to form multi-scale convolution blocks to extract amino acid sequence information. At the same time, the sliding window technique is also used to show the interaction between the sequences, and a long amino acid sequence is divided into some amino acid fragments and input into the model. Finally, the accuracy of Q8 on the dataset CB6133_filtered reaches 71%.
Research Progress on RGMb and its Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Shucheng , Zhang Rongrong , Zhang Lei , Qin Xinyue
Published: June 2023

Repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMb) is a member of RGM family, which is structurally composed of an N-terminal signal peptide, a vWFD domain and a C-peptide. RGMb is widely expressed in different systems in order to regulate various physiological and pathophysiological processes. So RGMb involves in tumor progression, immune regulation, retinal network, neural network reconstruction and other important aspects. Recently, numerous studies reflect the diversity and complexity of RGMb signaling pathway. This paper will focus on RGMb, and introduce its molecule structure, function, related signaling pathway, and above all, the research progresses.
Progress in Metastasis and Treatment of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Song Tianhui
Published: June 2023

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue. It has the characteristics of high malignancy, easy metastasis (common lung metastasis) and poor prognosis. Metastasis is the main cause of treatment failure and poor prognosis. Although the treatment of osteosarcoma has made some progress in these decades, the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis has not increased much. This review explores the molecular mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis, the current research progress of therapeutic drugs, immunotherapy and targeted therapy, and provides ideas for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Preparation and Properties of Nano Platinum/Carbon Nanotubes/Bacterial Cellulose Conductive Hydrogel Electrode Films
Authors: Liu Shumin , Chen Jia , Sun Jinpeng
Published: June 2023

Using the natural nanomesh structure of bacterial cellulose (BC), the good conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the good electrocatalytic activity of nano platinum (PtNPs), a three-way porous conductive hydrogel of PtNPs and BC was designed. The infiltrating and doping of MWCNTs on BC thin films was realized by ultrasonic assisted electrophoretic deposition process, which ensured the dual characteristics of ionic and electronic conduction of electrode films. The adsorption capacity of BC for chloroplatinic acid and the strong reductivity of sodium borohydride were also used to realize the high-load PtNPs recombination on MWCNTs/BC porous layered conductive hydrogel electrode films. By testing the electrochemical performance of PtNPs/MWCNTs/BC conductive hydrogel electrode film and characterization of microstructure, the electrode film not only has high electroactive area, low surface charge transfer resistance and good diffusion permeability and other electrochemical characteristics, but also shows high catalytic activity for glucose in PBS solution. The most important finding is that the electrode film can selectively catalyze glucose in oxygen-rich PBS solution. The porous layered structure of PtNPs/MWCNTs/BC electrode membrane and the high load dispersion of PtNPs are the reasons for the selective catalytic ability of PtNPs/MWCNTs/BC conductive hydrogel electrode membrane, which can be used for the implanted surface glucose fuel cell.
Research on Cellular Immune Targeted Drug Therapy for Breast Cancer based on Bioinformatics
Authors: Meng Peilun
Published: June 2023

Targeted therapy, because of its precise location, high efficiency and low toxicity, has become an important tumor treatment method besides traditional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Targeted drugs can deliver therapeutic drugs to target organs to the maximum extent, but have little effect on non-target organs, thus achieving high-efficiency and low-toxicity therapeutic effects, especially for treating diseases such as cancer. At the cellular and molecular level, molecular targeting means that drugs enter the body and specifically bind with carcinogenic sites on tumor cells, resulting in the death of tumor cells, but it does not affect the surrounding normal tissues and cells. Studying the pathogenesis and related genes of breast cancer plays an active role in the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, and effectively relieves the current status of clinical breast cancer treatment. In-depth study on molecular typing of breast cancer can provide further reference for the selection of clinical treatment schemes more effectively. This paper discusses the cellular immune targeted drug therapy for breast cancer from the perspective of bioinformatics.
Marketing of Niche Product: Stwics Non-Surgical Breast Shaping Brassiere
Authors: Kutscher Macus
Published: June 2023

With the upgrading of consumption power of Chinese women, the women’s brassiere market has become a new economic growth point and more and more businesses have begun to target the women’s brassiere market. Stwics is committed to making it easy for women to have amazing breasts, and to providing women with safer and healthier options to avoid the risks of traditional breast enhancement. Stwics launched non-surgical breast shaping brassiere in the world. The researcher analyzes the product design principle, experimental process and results, product applicable population, product effect and brand background of Stwics non-surgical breast shaping brassiere. To test the effects of Stwics, the research team studied the effects of regular Stwics on three random groups of people: rapid responders, moderate responders, and slow responders. The results showed that different participants responded differently to Stwics use. Everyone reacts differently to the same amount of clothing, and different doses have different effects on different people. According to the Stwics team, there are three typical reactions among users of Stwics devices. Over the course of four to eight hours a day, tension can cause breast tissue to gradually enlarge. Over the next 14 hours, the reversible edema gradually subsided, but a small amount of residual real tissue growth remained. The next day, repeat the wear, increasing the wear effect with each cycle. Stwics Breast Enhancement and Shaping Device is currently the only scientifically proven non-surgical method of breast enhancement. Stwics devices stimulate natural breast growth without drugs, creams or implants. The result is the growth of the user's own breast tissue, which makes the breasts bigger and straighter.
Analogie di artifex, artifex di analogie. Figure storiche e metodiche tra medioevo e modernità
Authors: Salvestrini Amalia
Published: June 2023

Prendendo spunto da alcuni aspetti del dibattito contemporaneo sulla metafora, l’articolo propone un percorso attraverso varie figure di artefice per interrogarsi sulla portata filosofica, conoscitiva ed euristica dell’analogia in diverse epoche e difenderne la retoricità. Il tema dell’artefice e del suo processo creativo-produttivo compare sovente nella forma di analogia ed è oggetto di significative variazioni nel corso della storia, prima tra tutte il dislocamento del dominio e delle finalità dell’analogia dal trascendente all’immanente. Si propone un itinerario che inizia con Bonaventura da Bagnoregio, il quale condivide i principali tratti della metafisica della relazione agostiniana e monastica in cui l’analogia di proporzionalità ha un ruolo centrale non solo nel determinare la struttura dell’essere, ma anche nel progredire della conoscenza. La questione in età moderna è affrontata con brevi riferimenti ad alcune figure di artefice in età rinascimentale (Leon Battista Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci) e moderna (Baudelaire, Kandinskij) in cui l’interesse si sposta nell’immanenza. Si approfondisce infine il ruolo dell’analogia nei processi creativi delineati da Paul Valéry, là dove essa diviene la funzione principale del potere universale della mente. In conclusione, si presentano osservazioni dapprima teoriche, sulla dimensione filosofica, conoscitiva ed euristica dell’analogia in differenti epoche storiche; e in seguito metodiche, sull’uso dell’analogia in storia della filosofia.
 
Starting from some aspects of the contemporary debate on metaphor, the article proposes a path through various figures of artifex to question the philosophical, cognitive and heuristic aim of analogy and defend its rhetorical dimension. The theme of the artifex and his creative-productive process often appears in the form of analogy. It has undergone significant variations throughout history, most notably the displacement of the domain and purpose of analogy from the transcendent to the immanent. An itinerary is proposed that begins with the Franciscan Bonaventure of Bagnoregio, who shares the main features of the Augustinian and monastic metaphysics of relationship in which the analogy of proportionality plays a central role not only in the structure of being, but also in the progress of knowledge. The question in the modern age is addressed with brief references to some figures of the Renaissance (Leon Battista Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci) and modern age (Baudelaire, Kandinsky) in which the interest shifts to immanence. Finally, the role of analogy in the creative processes outlined by Paul Valéry is explored, where it becomes the main function of the universal power of the mind. Concluding remarks are proposed, firstly theoretical, on the philosophical, cognitive and heuristic dimension of analogy in different historical periods; and then methodical on the use of analogy in the history of philosophy.
ULTRASOUND VS. MAMMOGRAPHY IN EVALUATING SUSPICIOUS BREAST LESIONS
Authors: AKHUND J , MEMON SK , QAMBER JH , RASHID I , ELHAJ AH , ALSHAMMARI AD
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound and mammography in evaluating suspicious breast lesions and determine their respective diagnostic capabilities. A retrospective analysis was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar over 6 months, from March 2021 to September 2021. The study included 100 patients with suspicious breast lesions who underwent ultrasound and mammography examinations. The demographic data, including age and breast density, were recorded. Both imaging modalities' diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests. The analysis included 100 patients with an average age of 51.3 years. The breast density distribution was as follows: 20% dense, 35% scattered fibroglandular, 30% heterogeneously dense, and 15% extremely dense. Ultrasound demonstrated higher sensitivity (75%) than mammography (65%) in the study population. When stratified by age, ultrasound had higher sensitivity in all age groups, with the highest sensitivity observed in patients aged >60 years (85%). Regarding breast density, ultrasound showed higher sensitivity across all density categories, particularly in patients with dense breasts (80%) and heterogeneously dense breasts (85%). Our study findings suggest that ultrasound is a valuable imaging modality in evaluating suspicious breast lesions, offering higher sensitivity than mammography, especially in patients with dense breast tissue. Incorporating ultrasound as an adjunct to mammography can improve diagnostic accuracy and aid in the early detection of breast cancer. These results support the growing recognition of ultrasound as an important tool in breast cancer diagnosis and highlight the need for further research and collaboration to optimize its utilization in clinical practice.
PHYSICIANS' COMPETENCE IN TERMINATING CPR IN CARDIAC ARREST CASES AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THIS TERMINATION
Authors: KHALID MA , NAWADAT Q , KAUSAR U
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to evaluate the competence and knowledge of the cardiac arrest team regarding CPR termination and the factors that influence this termination. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Shifa International Hospital April 2022-April 2023). A total of 300 cardiac arrest team members (physicians and nurses) designated to perform advanced cardiac life support were included in the study. Questionnaires were distributed among the participants inquiring about their competence and knowledge about terminating CPR. Of 100 physicians, 40 (40%) were not competent enough to decide on CPR termination. 10% of physicians and 5% of nurses agreed to be aware of the ERC termination guidelines, and only one physician and one nurse could state the contents. The majority of the participants reported terminating resuscitation if the patient was older than 90 years, absent direct pupillary reflex, true asystole, and witnessed cardiac arrest without bystander resuscitation in 10 minutes. Based on the results, the physicians and nurses in Pakistan are not competent in decision-making regarding CPR termination in cardiac arrest patients and are unaware of the factors and guidelines while making such decisions.
Colonialism as a Profession: A Precursor of Moral Degradation in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
Authors: Khan Mudassar , Naseer Usama , Rahim Asma
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the negative effects of colonialism as a profession on the European colonizers, particularly Mr Kurtz in the novella Heart of Darkness. The present study intends to analyze the idea that not only the African wilderness is responsible for the moral corruption of Mr Kurtz and his companions, but his profession is also a reasonable cause. The paper also explores how the narrator of the story, Marlow, who is also a part of the colonial system, distorts reality and blames only the African environment for the mental degradation of Mr Kurtz. In this regard, Frantz Fanon’s concept of violence is used to illustrate these problems in the given novella. The study concludes that although Marlow only reprehends the African wilderness for the moral collapse of Mr Kurtz, colonialism as a violent profession is also a substantial factor responsible for his extreme behaviour.
Exploration of Language Functions as an Ideological State Apparatus in the Novel Lord of the Flies
Authors: Khalid  , Gul Sania , Ullah Irfan
Published: June 2023

William Golding's novel "Lord of the Flies" explores the role of language in shaping societal norms, values, and power structures. The language used by the characters reflects their respective ideologies and contributes to the development of their positions. Language also reveals power dynamics and social hierarchies within the group, with characters who speak Standard English portrayed as more intelligent and civilised. The use of language perpetuates the dominant ideology of the group, with Jack using aggressive language to exert control over others while Ralph employs more collaborative and inclusive language. This paper demonstrates how language is not merely a means of communication but a tool for shaping and reinforcing societal norms, values, and power structures. Using language as an ideological state apparatus plays a significant role in shaping the characters' ideological positions and the dynamics within the group.
US-China Growing Competition in Soft Power
Authors: Barrech Dost Muhammad , Khan Prof. Dr. Muhammad
Published: June 2023

The utilization of soft power, based on attraction and persuasion, is crucial for countries in the international arena, as it discourages the use of hard power. For China, soft power is just as pivotal as hard power in its efforts to dominate the world. Beijing's preoccupation with soft power is rapidly increasing, and it seeks to convince the world that it is a benign power and believes in soft power in foreign policy. China has now emerged as a rising power due to its strong economy, initiation of the Belt and Road Initiative BRI, the resolution of outstanding issues with neighboring states, rapid progress in technological development, and contribution to UN peacekeeping missions. Despite this, China's image in the West is not positive, and the US and its allies will continue to attempt to damage China's soft power image by criticizing its BRI, debt-trap policies, authoritarian regime, human rights violations, and labor exploitation in Africa. The competition for soft power dominance between the US and China is in full swing. Both states seek to continue their hegemony in the 21st century. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze and compare the utilization of soft power by China and the US, highlighting their respective soft power strategies.
Characterization of medicinal plants used by different tribes in the Sikkim Himalaya
Authors: Tripathi K. , Singh Bajrang , Jain R.
Published: June 2023

An ethno-botanical field survey was carried out in the Sikkim Himalaya along with the characterization of some medicinal plants used by the different tribes. To meet their day to day requirements like food, fodder and medicines, the tribes are totally dependent on forest and forest products. Use of medicinal plants to cure specific ailments is an old practice and has been documented in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and other types of therapies. Sikkim is the second smallest state in India; which covers about 36.3% of the total state land under forest and is the richest phytogeographical region of Eastern Himalaya. From the forest area about 67 plants having ethno-botanical uses were collected, identified and studied. These are presented in this paper.
Construction of an Agroinfectious Clone of a Korean Isolate of Sweet Potato Symptomless Virus 1 and Comparison of Its Infectivity According to Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strains in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Ho Phuong T. , Byun Hee-Seong , Vo Thuy T. B. , Lal Aamir , Lee Sukchan , Kil Eui-Joon
Published: June 2023

Sweet potato symptomless virus 1 (SPSMV-1) is a single-stranded circular DNA virus, belonging to the genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae) that was first identified on sweet potato plants in South Korea in 2012. Although SPSMV-1 does not induce distinct symptoms in sweet potato plants, its co-infection with different sweet potato viruses is highly prevalent, and thus threatens sweet potato production in South Korea. In this study, the complete genome sequence of a Korean isolate of SPSMV-1 was obtained by Sanger sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons from sweet potato plants collected in the field (Suwon). An infectious clone of SPSMV-1 (1.1-mer) was constructed, cloned into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA1303, and agro-inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana using three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (GV3101, LBA4404, and EHA105). Although no visual differences were observed between the mock and infected groups, SPSMV-1 accumulation was detected in the roots, stems, and newly produced leaves through PCR. The A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 was the most effective at transferring the SPSMV-1 genome to N. benthamiana. We confirmed the viral replication in N. benthamiana samples through strand-specific amplification using virion-sense- and complementary-sense-specific primer sets.
Phenomena and Social Problems of Marriage Youth in Kampar District Riau Province
Authors: Darussamin Zikri , Fauzi Ahmad , Zikri Ahmad , Indrajaya Darmawan Tia , Rahman Rahman
Published: June 2023

The existence of the Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 and the provisions of the National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) regarding the minimum age limit for marriage have yet to reduce the number of young marriages in Indonesia successfully. This study aimed to examine the factors causing young marriages to occur in Kampar Regency, Riau Province. This study uses quantitative principles. Data was collected using a questionnaire filled in by 225 respondents who married at a young age (men married less than 19 years and women less than 16 years). Factors causing marriage at a young age are divided into two, namely internal factors and external factors. There are nine items to measure internal factors and ten to measure external factors that cause marriage at a young age. Data were analyzed using the frequency test, descriptive test and crosstabulation test. The results showed that the most potent internal factor causing marriage at a young age was because they wanted to maintain their innocence from the dangers of promiscuity (mean=3.83). In contrast, the most dominant external factor was their parents' lack of religious education (mean=3 .30) and the destructive influence of watching TV/movies (mean=3.28). This study has proven that respondents were still happy with their marriage. This means that marriage at a young age will only sometimes end in conflict and divorce.
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL CONTROL OVER THE FINANCIAL REPORTING SYSTEM
Authors: Pobrić Amira
Published: June 2023

After the major corporate accounting scandals that happened at the beginning of the 21st century, many countries introduced the obligation to disclose information about the effectiveness of internal control over the financial reporting system. It was based on the assumption that mandatory reporting on internal control will encourage managers to pay more attention to the improvement of internal control over the financial reporting system and that this will lead to an improvement in the quality of financial statements and restore investor confidence in financial statements. The aim of this paper is to examine the economic consequences of the introduction of the obligation to disclose information on the effectiveness of internal control i.e., whether the assumed benefits have been realised. In order to realize the established goal, the author analyses the results of numerous empirical studies that investigated the impact of disclosure of information about the effectiveness of internal control on the quality of financial statements, the behaviour of investors and the behaviour of lenders. According to the author's findings, the obligation to disclose information about the effectiveness of internal control led to an improvement in the quality of financial statements. Also, the disclosure of this information has informational value for investors and lenders and affects their behaviour i.e., their risk assessment and the decisions they make.
ANALIZA PRODUKTIVNOSTI I TEHNIČKE OPREMLJENOSTI RADA PREDUZEĆA U PRERAĐIVAČKOJ INDUSTRIJI SRBIJE
Authors: Đerasimović Stefan , Jovanović Gavrilović Biljana
Published: June 2023

S obzirom na hronično nizak rast prerađivačke industrije Srbije, u ovom radu analiziraju se produktivnost i tehnička opremljenost rada industrijskih preduzeća prema veličini i svojinskom poreklu, kako bi se sagledao njihov doprinos proizvodnji i proizvodnoj efikasnosti. Rezultati analize pokazuju da su, posmatrano po veličini, u periodu 2013-2020. najviše iznose pomenutih pokazatelja imala velika preduzeća, dok su po svojinskom poreklu to bila bivša društvena preduzeća. Rast iznosa osnovnih sredstava u posmatranom periodu nije bio visok, tako da se povećanje produktivnosti najvećim delom ostvarilo većim stepenom iskorišćenosti proizvodnih kapaciteta.
Experiences Of Nurses Regarding Communication With Mechanically Ventilated Patients In The Intensive Care Units
Authors: Nadia . , Naz Najma , Muhammad Dildar , Sajid Shazia , Rahim Tariq , Ajmal Hina , Kalsoom Bushra
Published: June 2023

Nurses’ communication with mechanically ventilated patients (MVPs) is very imposrtant assuring respect and dignity of the patients and dealing the patient like a human being rather than a body.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences and perspectives of nurses regarding communication with Mechanically ventilated patienst in the intensive care units of Islamabad Pakistan.

STUDY METHODS The qualitative phenomenological study was conducted on ten participants, selected through purposive sampling technique for individual in-depth interviews.

RESULTS: Six major themes of the study were recognition of communication experiences is essential for care, construction and interpretation of communication is situational, lack of speaking power led to feelings of powerless and frustration, nurses' responsibilities in the situation of critical care, impacts of verbal communication on the mechanically ventilated patient, and need for acceptance of knowledge and skills acquisition.

CONCLUSION The current study highlighted experiences of nurses regarding communication with mechanically ventilated patients in the ICUs. The study findings further suggested the areas for improvement of nurses' communication with MVPs
Knowledge and Self Care Practices in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Regarding Diabetic Retinopathy at Lahore General Hospital Lahore
Authors: Bashir Abida , Sarwar Hajra , Ali Afsar
Published: June 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the collection of chronic metabolic disease that are all defined by high blood sugar levels with either an inability to make insulin, a resistance to its effect, or both. Objective: To determine the knowledge and self-care practices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to evaluate the association of socio demographic with knowledge and self-care practices regarding diabetic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the endocrine department of Lahore General Hospital. 208 nurses made up the estimated sample size for this investigation. The data were gathered using a convenient sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS version24. Results: The results of study showed that majority of participants 180(86.5%) had poor knowledge regarding diabetic retinopathy and only 28(13.5%) had good knowledge regarding diabetic retinopathy. There was no association between knowledge and socio demographic characteristics of participants as p-value was greater than 0.05. Majority of the participants 132(63.5%) had incompetent practices and only 71(34.1%) had good practices. There was no association between practice and socio demographic characteristics of participants as p-value was greater than 0.05. Conclusions: According to the study's findings, diabetic retinopathy was poorly understood by Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. The study's findings also show that there was no correlation between knowledge, self-care behaviors, and participant demographics.