bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES IN AN IRON ORE MINE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2002 TO 2021
Authors: Vranješ Biljana , Vajkić Mile , Figun Ljubica , Adamović Dragan , Jovanović Evica
Published: April 2024

By designing protection measures, the occupational safety system should provide the best possible working conditions for all employees in every economic activity, including in mining production. The analysis of occupational injuries in a certain period of time should enable the collection of data on certain etiological specificities of injuries and in this way ensure the selection of adequate preventive measures of occupational safety. Monitoring the indicators of occupational injuries within the analysis, which is presented in this paper, provides information about the change in the state of working conditions and enables the determination of the general tendency of its decreasing or increasing change.

One-factor ANOVA analysis was applied to determine the variability of the results within the established groups of selected etiological factors and to determine the impact on the observed occurrence of the number of occupational injuries in the mining company. The application of Pareto analysis to determine the most dominant causes of occupational injuries is of crucial importance for determining the direction of action of preventive actions and corrective measures in the occupational safety system.
STATE-OF-THE-ART APPLICATION OF THE LOG-PILING METHOD IN THE ROLE OF SHALLOW GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR LIQUEFACTION MITIGATION
Authors: Milev Nikolay , Takashi Kiyota , Shoei Osawa , Atsunori Numata
Published: April 2024

This research paper focuses on evaluating the log piling technique as a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution for reducing soil liquefaction risks during earthquakes. Although this method has been used extensively in Japan, mainly aiming for complete soil layer penetration, its economic viability is questionable in cases requiring very deep soil improvements. The study highlights that shallow ground improvement can notably enhance the seismic behavior of the soil-improvement-structure system, as evidenced by the reduced total and penetration settlements caused by liquefaction. The paper presents a methodology for determining the optimal dimensions of the modified ground zone using both small and medium-scale 1-g shaking table tests. 

The small-scale tests involve a detailed parametric study, examining variables like improvement width, pile spacing, and the depth-to-thickness ratio of the improved layer. Medium-scale tests, on the other hand, are geared towards identifying the minimum effective pile length. This approach provides a practical guideline for engineers to implement log piling for small residential buildings. Additionally, the paper utilizes finite element method (FEM) effective stress analysis, incorporating a PLAXIS 2D-based constitutive model (PM4Sand) calibrated with laboratory undrained cyclic torsional tests. This model accounts for the changes in effective stress during seismic activities. Finally, the study correlates its numerical findings with the results from the 1-g shaking table experiments, offering a well-rounded perspective on the effectiveness of log piling in mitigating liquefaction risks during seismic events

 
Registration Application Services for BPJS Patients at Hutabaginda Primary Healthcare
Authors: Situmorang Benri , Dioso Regidor III , Sansuwito Tukimin Bin , Herlina Herlina , Nainggolan Nurcahaya
Published: April 2024

Primary Healthcare is one of the most important health service units in health services that are adapted to local government conditions, needs, requirements and regulations. Recording data at the Primary Healthcare manually takes a long time. When a patient forgets to bring a medical card, it takes a long time to get the file which results in a long time in the registration service process, if the file is not found it is necessary to create a new file. will be automatically created, resulting in duplication of data. Most patients forget to bring their medical card when they want to take it. In addition, when making monthly reports, officials must record data one by one as a monthly report. The use of this application is to increase the effectiveness of the information system for the patient registration Primary Healthcare based on the website and the BPJS application called JKN BPJS.
Identification of microwave-related changes in tissue using an ultrasound scan
Authors: Shariff Zain , Shariff Nasir
Published: April 2024

Microwave energy (ME) is used in the medical field to denature protein structures, resulting in inactivation or destruction of abnormal cells. Identifying the extent of destruction of abnormal tissue (cancer tissue or tissue with abnormal electrical activity) is essential for accomplishing successful therapy and reducing collateral damage. Our study was an ex vivo assessment of the changes on ultrasound scans (US) in chicken tissue exposed to ME. We hypothesized that any changes in tissue structures would be recognized on the reflected ultrasound waves. Ultrasound scans of tissues change with exposure to microwaves with increasing reflection of ultrasound waves. With exposure to microwaves, surface level brightness on the ultrasound scans increases statistically significantly. The findings could be used in heat related (ME and radiofrequency) procedures where clinicians would be able to actively assess lesions in real-time. Further studies are required to assess changes in tissue during active exposure to different types of energies.
Instrumentos metodológicos para la mejora de la calidad de los cuidados del niño con diabetes
Authors: Arribas Cachá Antonio
Published: April 2024

Se realiza una descripción de los tres elementos fundamentales que delimitan el marco conceptual del niño con diabetes. Enfermería como disciplina científica dotada de un cuerpo de conocimientos propio y un ciclo de calidad para llevar a la práctica estos conocimientos de forma eficaz y segura. Valoración de enfermería como una de las fases del ciclo de calidad destinada a realizar el control y seguimiento de la efectividad de los cuidados. Diabetes como enfermedad crónica en la que base de actuación sanitaria en el niño está en los cambios en el estilo de vida, disminución de la ingesta de los hidratos de carbono simples, varios controles de glucemia al día, contabilidad de los hidratos de carbono e insulinoterapia.
Se intenta conocer si es posible disponer de instrumentos fiables que mejoren la eficacia y seguridad en la atención del niño con diabetes, comprobándose que sí es posible. Se consigue la elaboración de un protocolo clínico estandarizado de valoración para su control y seguimiento y unos planes de cuidados estandarizados con trayectos metodológicos completos como instrumentos de ayuda en la toma de decisiones.
Ensayo clínico sobre el uso de productos barrera tras cirugía de mama
Authors: Mudarra García Natalia , Naranjo Peña Inés , Martín González José , Jiménez Galiano Ana Belén , Pérez Muñoz Raúl
Published: April 2024

Los cuidados de la piel del paciente tras cirugía de mama, son importantes para prevenir y promover que no ocurran lesiones que puedan generar complicaciones que pongan en compromiso la piel.
Objetivos. El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio es, evaluar la eficacia del uso de un aerosol protector barrera para la prevención de maceración e irritación de la piel en el paciente quirúrgico y evaluar la eficacia de la aplicación de aerosol para la retirada de adhesivos para prevenir lesiones en la piel.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un ensayo clínico sin medicamentos en el que evaluamos 30 pacientes donde se comparó si aparecían complicaciones en la piel provocadas por el uso de apósitos en los diferentes grupos de pacientes: Grupo control (pacientes sometidos a cirugía de mama que se les aplicó apósitos adhesivos durante las curas posquirúrgica y  no se aplicó ningún tipo de método barrera, ni spray quitaadhesivo) y grupo de estudio (pacientes sometidos a cirugía de mama que se les se les aplicó método barrera para la colocación de apósitos adhesivos y spray quitaadhesivo para la retirada de los mismos).
Resultados. Se han obtenido diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar el dolor (0.001), las complicaciones en la piel (<0,001) y el tipo de complicaciones (0,001)  entre ambos grupos.
Conclusión. Se reducen las lesiones en la piel tras el uso de método barrera antes de la colocación de los apósitos y tras el uso de spray-quitaadhesivos para su retirada.
Influencias de las intervenciones de cirugía estética en la mama para la instauración de la lactancia materna
Authors: Viedma Ruiz Cristina María , Moreno García África , Mora Ramos Inmaculada
Published: April 2024

Objetivo. Analizar el impacto de la cirugía estética mamaria en la lactancia materna.Metodología. Bases de datos de Pubmed, Cochrane, y Google académico y páginas webs (e- lactancia, Sociedad Internacional de Cirugía Plástica Estética y Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica Reparadora y Estética).Discusión y resultados. Mamoplastia de aumento: El riesgo en la sensación del pezón o la piel y los problemas de lactancia son bajos y brindan datos se seguridad y efectividad a largo plazo. Existe más riesgo de dolor, de lactancia insuficiente y un uso más frecuente de galactogogos orales en mujeres con implantes retro-glandurales y con implantes de mayor tamaño. En el abordaje areolar hay más probabilidades de dañar alguna terminación nerviosa de la mama y los conductos galactóforos, afectando a la sensibilidad de la mama e inhibiendo la producción de leche. Mamoplastia de reducción: La cirugía de reducción mamaria conservando el pedículo es la que más garantías tiene de preservar en gran parte la inervación y por tanto la sensibilidad del pezón, así como la integridad de los conductos galactóforos.Conclusiones. La información es difusa y heterogénea con respecto al impacto de las cirugías mamarias en la lactancia materna. El riesgo de cambios en la sensación del pezón y los problemas de lactancia son bajos en la mamoplastia de aumento, aunque existen estudios que demuestran que la tasa de incidencia de lactancia materna exclusiva es menor. Existe mayor riesgo de dolor y lactancia insuficiente con implantes retroglandulares, con implantes de mayor tamaño y mediante abordaje areolar que inframamario. La cirugía de reducción es la que más impacto negativo tiene en la lactancia materna.
Síndrome de burnout en enfermeras
Authors: Gómez de Quero Marina
Published: April 2024

Introducción. El “síndrome del burnout" viene determinado por agotamiento mental y físico que aparece en individuos que, de una manera u otra, tienen que relacionarse con personas en su trabajo. En este estudio se elige personal de enfermería para analizarlo ya que es un colectivo que está en contacto directo con las personas. Enfermeras enfrentan demandas excesivas por parte de los pacientes.
Objetivo. Relacionar el síndrome de burnout con la variable de trabajar en un ámbito público o privado.
Objetivos específicos. Estudiar si la carga mental es mayor en enfermeras que trabajan en instituciones privadas. Determinar si los riesgos psicosociales son más elevados en enfermeras del ámbito privado.
Resultados. Se ha comparado la puntuación media obtenida en cada escala del test MBI por el grupo de enfermeras de la empresa pública y la privada, obteniendo resultados en los que en la escala de cansancio emocional y en despersonalización las puntuaciones han sido mayores para las enfermeras pertenecientes a la empresa privada. Sin embargo, no podemos hablar de síndrome de burnout, pues la realización personal es alta en las enfermeras encuestadas.
Conclusiones. Quejas excesivas por parte de pacientes, médicos, junto con el agotamiento mental y físico, dan lugar a valores más altos en el cuestionario MBI. La frustración/insatisfacción es mayor entre las enfermeras que trabajan en instituciones privadas. Los resultados muestran la importancia de desarrollar estrategias de intervención para reducir los sentimientos de despersonalización, cansancio emocional y realización personal en enfermeras.
Diseño y validación de la escala PRECAHI para medir el riesgo de caídas en pacientes mayores de 65 años
Authors: Lobo Rodríguez Carmen , Pedraz Marcos Azucena , Gadea-Cedenilla Carmen , Medina Torres Margarita , Moro-Tejedor Mª Nieves , García-Pozo Ana
Published: April 2024

Las caídas afectan principalmente a personas mayores de 65 años y, en pacientes hospitalizados, son uno de los efectos adversos más frecuentes. En la actualidad, la evidencia describe la escasa sensibilidad y especificidad de los instrumentos empleados para medir el riesgo de caídas. La hiponatremia ha sido reconocida como factor de riesgo asociado a las caídas que, sin embargo, no está incluido en las escalas.
Objetivo. Validar el instrumento Escala PRECAHI para identificar el riesgo de caídas en pacientes mayores de 65 años hospitalizados.
Material y método. Este estudio consta de dos fases: diseño del instrumento (Fase I) y validación clinimétrica (Fase II). La población de estudio en la Fase II, fueron pacientes mayores de 65 años ingresados en las unidades de hospitalización con mayor incidencia de caídas. El riesgo de caídas de los pacientes fue evaluado con las escalas de Downton, Stratify y la nueva escala diseñada. 
Análisis de datos. descriptivo en función de la naturaleza de las variables, bivariante para el estudio de las diferencias entre escalas y, para sensibilidad y especificidad, curvas ROC.
Resultados. participaron 322 pacientes siendo la edad media 81,6(7,73) años, con igual distribución por sexo.  La evaluación del rendimiento muestra una sensibilidad del 78,26%, superior a las escalas Downton y Stratify. En cuanto a la especificidad hallada, 29,64%, es superior a la que presenta la escala Downton e inferior a la escala Stratify.
Conclusión. Se ha conseguido validar el instrumento Escala PRECAHI, cuya sensibilidad es superior a la proporcionada por las escalas Downton y Stratify y cuya especificidad es mayor que la obtenida por la escala Downton. No obstante, es necesario confirmar su validez en entornos de hospitalización quirúrgica y de cuidados críticos, y reevaluar sus propiedades.
El uso del cómic para mejorar conocimientos y habilidades de los padres y madres en los cuidados respiratorios del niño
Authors: Peix Asensio Marina , Solís Muñoz Montserrat , Sánchez Herrero Héctor
Published: April 2024

Objetivo. Valorar la mejora de conocimientos y habilidades de progenitores en el cuidado del niño/a con sintomatología respiratoria leve después de la lectura de un cómic de salud, así como su utilidad y satisfacción.
Método. Estudio cuasi experimental pre/post en progenitores de niños/niñas menores de 12 años, que acudieron a Urgencias por patología respiratoria leve. Se diseñó un cuestionario con variables descriptivas de niños y progenitores, conocimientos (42 ítems), habilidades (3 ítems) y utilidad y satisfacción del cómic (9 ítems). El cuestionario se pasó en 2 momentos: en Urgencias y 72 horas después del alta, tras la lectura del cómic. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y bivariante.
Resultados. Se reclutaron 53 participantes. Hubo una mejora significativa en los conocimientos de progenitores después de leer el cómic (p<0,0001), con diferencia de medias -9,55 (-10,97; -8,13); así como en las habilidades (p=0,015), con valor -0,53 (-0,95; -0,12). Los progenitores valoraran muy alto la utilidad y la satisfacción del cómic, obteniendo una calificación ≥4,88 puntos sobre 5 en todos los ítems.
Conclusiones. El cómic mejoró los conocimientos y las habilidades de los progenitores sobre el cuidado del niño/a con sintomatología respiratoria leve. El cómic resultó útil y valoraron muy satisfactoria la iniciativa educativa.
Proyecto de educación afectivo-sexual en adolescentes de una zona rural de Kenia
Authors: Higuera Viso Cecilia
Published: April 2024

Introducción. Para mantener la salud sexual y reproductiva las personas necesitan tener acceso a información veraz, dirigida según las particularidades y diversidades de mujeres y hombres en todos sus ciclos de vida.
Objetivo. Describir la situación de salud sexual y reproductiva de la comunidad del distrito de
Lamu, en Kenia, como punto de partida para una intervención educativa y comunitaria entre los jóvenes de entre 13 y 17 años.
Método. Estudio transversal, descriptivo y observacional en base a encuestas y entrevistas realizadas en el distrito de Lamu, en Kenia.
Resultados. Se obtiene que un 66,7% de los adolescentes encuestados dice haber recibido formación en materia de sexualidad y a un 86,7% le gustaría recibir más. En relación a la comunicación con el entorno, la puntuación a amigos es significativamente más alta que la otorgada a padres o tutores y profesores. Por otro lado, se conoce que la educación sexual en Lamu está incluida en el temario escolar y los temas que tratan son de carácter biológico.
Conclusiones. Se reconoce la necesidad de poner en marcha un programa integral de educación afectivo-sexual dirigido a adolescentes de entre 13 y 17 años de Lamu y llevado a cabo por profesionales de enfermería.
Impacto de la implantación de un Check-list de Seguridad en una unidad de cuidados intensivos
Authors: Valderas Castilla Daniel , Villarín Hernández Julián , Martín Pacheco M. Inmaculada , Gallardo Delgado M. Paz , Del Olmo Pérez Montserrat , López Matamala Blanca , Martín Parra Carmen
Published: April 2024

Introducción: La prevención de eventos adversos es fundamental en la calidad asistencial del paciente crítico. Mejorar los registros de enfermería y fomentar la vigilancia de aspectos críticos mejora la seguridad del paciente. Para ello, en nuestra Unidad implantamos un listado de verificación de seguridad.
Objetivo: Valorar el impacto en la seguridad del paciente crítico de un check-list de seguridad.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental  antes-después incluyendo a todos los pacientes ingresados en UCI durante, al menos, cinco días. Se recogieron variables generales (nº identificativo, estancia en UCI, presencia de ventilación mecánica [VM], paciente quirúrgico), variables dependientes (registro de balance hídrico, número de constantes mal registradas, número de cambios posturales, glucemia media, registro de parámetros de VM, registro de la presión del neumotaponamiento, revisión de herida quirúrgica, analgesia pautada y registro del riesgo de úlcera por presión) y variable independiente: paciente con o sin check-list. Se recogieron datos antes de la implantación del check-list y después. Se utilizó SPSS 18.0, prueba T para comparación de medias y chi cuadrado para variables cualitativas.
Resultados y Conclusiones: El número de constantes mal registradas por el sistema disminuyó significativamente (p=0,009). La glucemia media de los pacientes mejoró de 144,85 a 120,64 (p=0,003). El registro de parámetros respiratorios y de presión de neumotaponamiento mejoró de manera estadísticamente significativa (p=0,000 en ambos). El registro del riesgo de UPP aumentó del 40,4% al 59,6% (p=0,03). Hubo tendencia a la significación (p=0,055) en el registro de datos de balance hídrico, mejorando la media de 33,03 a 41,73. No hubo diferencias significativas en cambios posturales, revisión de herida y pauta de analgesia. Aunque estas variables no  empeoraron. El check-list creado por el grupo de seguridad del paciente de nuestra UCI es eficaz para mejorar los registros de enfermería y, por tanto, para preservar la seguridad del paciente crítico.
Cuidados psicosociales dirigidos a los padres en una unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN)
Authors: García Lucía Martín
Published: April 2024

Introducción: El nacimiento de un recién nacido (RN) que requiere ingresar en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) será una experiencia inesperada para los padres y madres, provocándoles estrés y ansiedad. El estado emocional y las preocupaciones dificultan el proceso de apego incidiendo negativamente en el desarrollo infantil.  Por ello, se ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de atender las necesidades psicosociales de los progenitores para ofrecerles apoyo y promover el vínculo.
Objetivo: conocer si las intervenciones enfermeras responden a las necesidades psicoemocionales.
Metodología: se llevó a cabo una revisión en los recursos consultados como Cuiden, IBECs, Medes, Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Psycinfo, PubMed, Dialnet y BioMed Central.
Resultados: las intervenciones mostraron ser beneficiosas disminuyendo el nivel de estrés y ansiedad en los progenitores.
Conclusiones: enfermería desempeña un papel fundamental ayudándoles a comprender mejor esta experiencia.
El estrés en el paciente crítico: realidad y cuidados de enfermería. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Palacio Jiménez María
Published: April 2024

Introducción. Los pacientes críticos se enfrentan a una situación altamente estresante y disruptiva, experimentando alteraciones psicoemocionales que continúan después del alta, pudiendo equipararse con –o empeorar– su enfermedad. Conocer los factores más estresantes para el paciente crítico es fundamental para desarrollar planes de actuación y eliminarlos, siendo la presencia de la enfermera en el cuidado un elemento central para ello.
Metodología. Se ha desarrollado una revisión narrativa con una posterior síntesis valorativa de la literatura disponible a través de CINHAL, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect, PubMed, CUIDEN, SciELO, la Biblioteca Cochrane Plus y el Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud.
Objetivos. Fomentar la reducción del estrés del paciente crítico mediante el manejo de los factores estresores por parte de los profesionales de enfermería.
Resultados. Se identifican el dolor, el insomnio, el ruido, la presencia de tubos en nariz o boca, sentirse limitado por los dispositivos, la incomunicación, la ausencia de autocontrol, la incertidumbre, la desorientación temporoespacial y la separación familiar, entre otros, como principales estresores en UCI. Existen amplias recomendaciones de acciones desarrolladas por enfermería para su control y disminución, incluyendo la valoración, la aplicación de medidas no farmacológicas y la manipulación ambiental.
Conclusiones. El paciente crítico presenta altos nieves de estrés originado a consecuencia de la propia enfermedad, el entorno y/o las políticas de la UCI, generando importantes repercusiones a corto, medio y largo plazo. A pesar de ello, el desarrollo e implantación de medidas al respecto en las UCIs españolas continúa siendo baja.
Moderating role of Financial Literacy on the Relationship between Behavioural Biases and Real Estate Investment Performance in Kenya
Authors: Kuria Allan Muchemi
Published: April 2024

In contemporary finance matters, financial literacy has been dubbed a key component of investment performance. This study sought to explore the theoretical perspective of financial literacy and its impact on real estate performance in Kenya. The study was guided by heuristics theory, prospect theory, herding theory and investment market theory. The study results indicate that financial literacy moderates the relationship between behavioural biases and performance of real estate industry in Kenya. Based on these findings, the study recommends that when evaluating investments, investors should avoid at barely looking at the risk and return characteristics of that individual investment but also consider the role and impact of financial literacy on investment performance
Research on the Problems and Improvement Strategies of Rural Early Childhood Teachers' Health Education Competence
Authors:   ChangSha Normal University，China, Meng Fanrong
Published: April 2024

The health concept of the new era calls for the return and renewal of the identity of rural early childhood teachers, as health educators, what makes them competent in their professional roles? The health education ability of rural early childhood teachers has become an important factor affecting the physical and mental health of rural young children. This study points out that the development of rural early childhood teachers' health education ability is not balanced, rural early childhood teachers' health education curriculum resources development ability is weak, and it points to the lack of rural early childhood teachers' family health education guidance ability. Therefore, based on the analysis of the problem, we start by updating the concept of health education for rural early childhood teachers, establishing the evaluation system of rural early childhood teachers' health education ability, integrating the rural early childhood health education resources, and carrying out rural early childhood health education garden-based teaching and research. Therefore, based on the analysis of the problem, we put forward the strategies to improve the health education ability of rural kindergarten teachers from four aspects: updating the health education concept of rural kindergarten teachers, establishing the evaluation system of rural kindergarten teachers' health education ability, integrating rural kindergarten health education resources, conducting rural kindergarten health education garden-based teaching and research and reflection.
An Exploration of Cultivating Students' Creative Thinking in Teaching Functions of Complex Variables
Authors:   Changsha Normal University, China, Yin Zhengwei , Xiang Wen ,   Changsha Normal University, China
Published: April 2024

As an important branch of higher mathematics, complex function occupies a core position in many fields such as mathematics, physics, and engineering, which not only involves rich theoretical knowledge but also shows great value in practical applications. Therefore, the teaching of complex functions is extremely important for students of mathematics and related majors. However, traditional teaching methods often emphasize theory over practice, lack effective ways to stimulate students' innovative thinking and limit the overall development of students' abilities. Based on this, this study will explore how to cultivate students' innovative thinking more effectively through the teaching of functions of a complex variable, aiming at finding and evaluating different teaching strategies and methods to better stimulate students' interest, improve their innovative and practical abilities, and promote the overall development of students' comprehensive abilities.
Exploration of the Teaching Reform Path of Financial Management Courses in Colleges and Universities in the Era of Big Data
Authors:   Xianyang Normal University，China, Wen Wen , Liang Ying ,   Xianyang Normal University，China
Published: April 2024

With the arrival of the big data era, financial management courses in colleges and universities are facing unprecedented challenges and reform needs. This paper discusses the path of teaching reform of financial management courses in colleges and universities, including the updating and integration of course content, the innovation of teaching methods and technology, the strengthening of practical teaching and case studies, and the improvement of evaluation mechanisms and feedback systems. These reform measures are aimed at cultivating students' big data analysis ability, practical operation ability, and innovative thinking, to adapt to the new requirements in the field of financial management in the era of big data and cultivate more high-quality financial management talents for society.
A Study of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Change in Higher Education in the Age of Digital Intelligence
Authors:   Guangdong Ploytechnic of Enviromental Protection Engineering, Yuan Yuxia
Published: April 2024

The arrival of the age of digital intelligence signifies the increasingly important role of artificial intelligence (AI) in driving change in higher education. The incorporation of AI technology improves the efficiency of teaching and learning and facilitates fundamental changes in the mode, content, and management of education. This paper discusses the application of AI in personalized learning path design, intelligent tutoring systems, virtual labs, and course content development, and analyzes the challenges and countermeasures of technology access and equality, data privacy and security, education quality and AI dependency, and resistance to changing the traditional education system.
The Effect of Physical Activity Level on Executive Functions in Obese Cases
Authors: Karakoç Zehra Betül , Demirbüken İlkşan , Keleş Hasan Onur , Erkan Oğul Özden , Timurtaş Eren , Üner Özden Ezgi , Sertbaş Yaşar , Polat Mine Gülden
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory) of obese subjects with different levels of physical activity.

Material and Method: The study included 31 obese subjects. The patients were divided into two groups: high physical activity (HAOG, n=14) and minimal physical activity (MAOG, n=17), according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). After the demographic data of the subjects were recorded, the body fat ratio was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory were evaluated with Stroop Test Çapa Form, Trail Making Test A-B, and 2-back test, respectively.

Results: Body mass index, age, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist/hip ratio were similar between the groups, whereas the percentage of fat mass was lower in HAOG (p=0.016) and the percentage of muscle mass was higher in HAOG (p=0.009). Inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory scores were similar in the groups in our study (p>0.05).

Conclusion: According to the results of our study, although executive functions were similar in obese subjects with different physical activity levels, further studies are needed due to the limitations of publications in this field.
Identification and classification of factors influencing tax evasion in Afghanistan
Authors: Fazl Shamsullhaq , Sadeed Nazir Ahmad
Published: April 2024

This research is titled "Priority Ranking of Factors Affecting Tax Evasion" in order to identify which factor has a more significant impact on tax evasion. The study population consists of four groups: 35 experts and university professors, 35 tax payers and merchants, 35 tax office employees, and 35 managers of private organizations. The opinions of each group were separately examined and studied, and the overall results are presented in this research.
The findings of this research, obtained through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, indicate that the economic-technical factors have a weight value of 0.616, the political-security-administrative factors have a weight value of 0/231, and the legal-social-cultural factors have a weight value of 0.153 in terms of their impact. The highest impact is related to the following four factors: economic instability, increased unemployment, inflation, and changes in the income of taxpayers, with a weight value of 0.202. The existence of fake jobs and underground activities with a weight value of 0.106, the absence of an electronic system and weaknesses in the use of electronic tools with a weight value of 0/106, and the improper collection and allocation of budget with a weight value of 0.076 are also influential factors. The first three factors belong to the economic-technical factors, while the fourth factor belongs to the political-security-administrative factors.
Therefore, it is necessary for tax policymakers, tax administrators, and managers of tax organizations to pay attention to these factors and take more effective measures to address the issue of tax evasion. This can be done through electronicization of the tax system, providing training on the use of technological tools, eliminating fake markets and businesses, and ensuring proper utilization of collected tax revenues.
The Relationship between Islamic Sharia and Preceding Laws
Authors: Haqani Abdul Khaliq , Azizi Abdul Rahman , Herawy Naser Ahmad
Published: April 2024

In explaining the relationship between divine laws, assuming the divergence and equality of falsehood, and the existence of common and different rulings, it is assumed that the common rulings are due to a unified legislator, and the differences are not due to pluralism in divine laws or the abrogation of laws. Rather, the reality is that Shari'a is a unified truth, and the evolutionary process of legislation has led to some differences in it. The question is what are the commonalities of Islam with past laws, and why did prophethood end with the advent of the Prophet of Islam? It seems that in all divine and Abrahamic religions, there is a part that involves legislation or practical rulings, known as jurisprudence in Islam. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method and relies on library resources. The findings of the research show that fundamentally, there are no differences in the Shari'a of religions. All religions call upon humans to believe in the One God, reject polytheism, and recommend them to engage in righteous deeds and abstain from undesirable actions and thoughts. If any differences are observed, they are due to the capacities of humans in each era.
The Impact of Social Media on Brand Equity with the Mediating Role of Brand Attachment Dimensions
Authors: Rahimiyan Zainab , Samet Azizullah , Naweer Mohammad
Published: April 2024

Brand attachment is one of the challenges faced by marketing managers in creating and maintaining a strong and enduring bond with brand equity. This research aims to investigate the impact of social media on brand equity with the mediating role of brand attachment dimensions at Jami Private University in Herat province. The present study is applied in terms of objective and descriptive and exploratory in terms of method. The statistical population includes all students of all disciplines at Jami University in Herat, who were estimated to be approximately 5971 based on the initial estimation of the population size. The sampling method in this study is stratified random sampling. Considering the size of the statistical population, which was 5971, and by applying this number in the Cochran formula, a sample of 360 students was selected for measurement. The data was collected using the questionnaire tool developed by Dennis and colleagues. Then, all the proposed hypotheses were tested and analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique and the Smart PLS software. Finally, the results showed that social media has a positive and significant impact on brand equity with the mediating role of brand attachment dimensions at Jami Private University in Herat province.
Comparative Study of Right of Choosing in the Legal Systems of Afghanistan and Iran from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence
Authors: Mojaddedi Yahia , Salehi Fereshteh
Published: April 2024

The option clause is not defined in the law, but it can be stated that when the subject of a transaction is more than one thing and the buyer has the right to choose one of the objects, this discretion is known as the option clause. The duration of the option clause is three days, and the holder of the option must choose one of the objects, which is a maximum of three, as the subject of the transaction. The main question is whether the option clause is among the cases that grant the right to terminate the contract to the other party, and what is the position of this clause in the legal systems of Iran and Afghanistan? Understanding the position, source, and method of incorporating this clause into contracts in the legal system of Afghanistan and explaining its position in the legal system of Iran, considering that this institution is not explicitly accepted in the Iranian legal system, are the main objectives of this research. The findings of this study show that there is no explicit textual evidence for the option clause in the Quran and Sunnah, and it is merely based on the ijtihad (independent reasoning) of the Hanafi and Maliki jurists. This institution has many similarities with suspensive conditions, which are recognized in foreign law. Although the option clause is not explicitly provided for in the Iranian legal system, it can be inferred from certain provisions of Iranian civil law that the option clause can be implied in contracts under certain conditions. It seems that the option clause can be accepted based on the provision of Article 216 of the Civil Code, which recognizes the principle of the autonomy of the will. This research is analytical and descriptive in nature and relies on library research and documentary sources.
Holocene Foraminifera, Climate, and Decelerating Rise in Sea Level on the Mud Patch, Southern New England Continental Shelf
Authors: Miller Kenneth G. , Browning James V. , Keigwin Lloyd D. , Chaytor Jason D. , Schneider Emily R. , Richtmyer Matthew , Schmelz W. John
Published: April 2024

We examined Holocene benthic foraminiferal biofacies, % planktonic foraminifera, and lithofacies changes from New England mud patch cores and present a relative sea-level (RSL) record to evaluate evolution of these rapidly deposited (30–79 cm/kyr) muds. Sandy lower Holocene sections are dominated by Bulimina marginata. The mud patch developed from 11–9 ka as RSL rise slowed from 10 to 7 mm/yr; mud deposition began when the cores (69 to 91 m modern) were inundated below storm wave base. An Elphidium-B. marginata fauna developed at ca. 7–6 ka as RSL rise slowed from approximately 7 to 2 mm/yr. A Globobulimina fauna developed at 3 ka as RSL rise slowed to 1 mm/yr, reflecting lower O2 conditions. Single specimen δ18O analyses of Globobulimina show ∼1‰ variations over the past 3 kyr, reflecting a shelf bottom water seasonal cycle of 4–5°C, and a temperature minimum during the Little Ice Age with warming since.
The Effect of Resistance Training and Vitamin D on Leptin and HDL-C in Overweight Women
Authors: Najafi Maryam , Fatolahi Hoseyn
Published: April 2024

Background: Exercise training and vitamin D consumption are separately reported to be effective on improving health. However, the simultaneous effect of resistance training and vitamin D is not clear yet. However, there is no information available on the resistance training and the amount of vitamin D prescription. In addition, it is important to examine this issue in women who are known as an active and effective part of society. Methods: The participants (n = 40) of this study were randomly divided into four groups as follows: (1) placebo, (2) resistance training, (3) vitamin D, and (4) resistance training + vitamin D. In this study, interventions were performed for an 8-week period (3 D/W) consisting of resistance training protocol (60% 1-RM) and daily consumption of vitamin D (1000 IU). Anthropometric and laboratory measurements were collected 48 hours before and after the intervention. Results: Changes in HDL-C (P = 0.001, F = 6.3), total cholesterol (P = 0.001, F = 7.8), and leptin concentration (P = 0.001, F = 11.4) were significant. Accordingly, these changes in the study variables showed a better improvement in the resistance training + vitamin D group compared to the other groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Probably the most important factor for the observed changes was the reduction of adipose tissue caused by resistance training, as well as the enhancement of signaling pathways resulting from the consumption of vitamin D. However, maintaining muscle tissue caused by resistance training can be effective. Moreover, HDL change due to resistance training and its effect on reverse cholesterol transport may occur faster than LDL-C changes. Also, the improvement in LDL-C appears in response to longer periods of exercise along with drug therapy.
Associations Between Physical Activity and Gross Motor Skills with Social Development in Children with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Eliassy Marzieh , Khajavi Daryoush , Shahrjerdi Shahnaz , Mirmoezzi Masoud
Published: April 2024

Background: Social development is a fundamental aspect of motor development in children. It has been shown that children with learning disorders have different gross motor skills and physical activity compared to typically developing peers. Objectives: Since developmental domains interact with each other and children with learning disabilities often have difficulties that go far beyond those in school homework, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between physical activity and gross motor skills with social development for children with learning disabilities. Methods: In children with learning disorder (n = 82; 49 boys, 33 girls), gross motor skills and physical activity were assessed respectively with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and Past Year Physical Activity Questionnaire. Vineland Social Maturity Scale was used to evaluate the social development of participants. The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to association between variables. The significance for test was set at P < 0.05. Results: Locomotor and object-control were significantly associated with social development (r = 0.60, P < 0.001) and (r = 0.44, P = 0.003), respectively. Organized activities were significantly associated with social development (r = 0.69, P = 0.001). Also, gross motor skills and organized activities were able to predict the social development of children with learning disorder (R2 = 0.29, F = 15.78). Conclusions: Children with higher levels of organized activities and motor skills had higher social development. As a result, gross motor skills and organized physical activity are especially important for children with learning disabilities.
YouTube as a Source of Information About Physical Exercise During COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Borges Viana Ricardo , dos Santos Andrade Marilia , Andre Barbosa de Lira Claudio , Theodoros Nikolaidis Pantelis , Aparecido de Almeida Alexandre , Knechtle Beat
Published: April 2024

Context: Physical inactivity levels in the course of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak increased significantly. Our aim was to address how the information related to the physical exercise and COVID-19 posted on YouTube reaches the general public during COVID-19 outbreak. Evidence Acquisition: For this, research was carried out crossing the terms covid 19 and physical exercise in the YouTube database. The search was conducted only in the English language and was established/closed on April 26th (2020) to June 26th (2020) in order to observe the dynamics of video production on YouTube. Results: The main terms and concepts mentioned in the analysis of YouTube videos were COVID-19, pandemic, quarantine, social isolation and distance, physical activity, physical exercise, home-based physical exercise, physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, and mental health. The information was posted and supported by renowned health and physical exercise experts and entities. The recommendations for physical exercise in the current scenario focused on programs that require little equipment and space (carried out indoors and at home) and at low cost in an attempt to maintain and improve physical and mental health from different population groups. Conclusions: Information about COVID-19 and exercise was growing and progressive throughout the pandemic on YouTube. However, care and guidance are needed in using the information provided by YouTube as a source of reference for the practice of physical exercise during the COVID-19 outbreak.
The Association Between Sports Participation and Mental Health Across the Lifespan
Authors: Tahira Shazia
Published: April 2024

Context: Mental health problems are extremely common all over the world and contribute significantly to illness and impairments. There is an acknowledged need for interventions that focus on prevention to foster mental health, and to fulfill this need, sports offer a promising way to promote mental health and avoid the beginning of a mental illness. In this study, a literature review is presented about the association between sports participation and mental health across the lifespan. Objectives: To determine the association between sports participation and mental health and get information about the mental health benefits that can be achieved by increased participation in sports, both by the general public and professional athletes at any age. Methods: To conduct the literature review, a search on different databases was carried out for research articles with the key terms "sports participation” and “mental health" to find their association. Results: Participation in sports was found to be positively associated with psychological well-being and connected with fewer mental health problems. Sports participation was associated with higher self-esteem and a lower risk of anxiety, depression, and social-behavioral inhibition in adolescents. Sports participation led to reduced smoking and a type of personality that was resistant to alcohol and drug addiction. Sports club membership, high or moderately frequent sports participation, participation in outdoor sports, team sports, contact sports, and competition were all linked to fewer internalizing problems. Conclusions: Participation in sports is beneficial to the mental health of children, adolescents, and adults. Team sports and sports clubs are especially advantageous for mental health due to social and psychological support. Creating opportunities for sports participation can lead to the promotion of mental health.
Plasma Volume Variations in Professional Soccer Players: Difference Between Pre- and Competitive Season
Authors: Ben Abderrahman Abderraouf , Jebabli Nidhal , Rhibi Fatma , Rivière Fabien , Le Moal Emmeran , Laher Ismail , Zouhal Hassane
Published: April 2024

Background: Variations in plasma volume and hematological parameters occur before and after training in soccer players. However, there are no reports on changes in hematological parameters resulting from a half-season of training in professional soccer players. Objectives: To investigate the effects of training load on plasma volume variations in elite soccer players. Methods: Twenty soccer players from the 1st French division soccer league (Ligue 1) were included in the study. The training load was evaluated using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE, 10- Borg scale) after each training session and each match. Anthropometrics characteristics, hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb) and plasma volume variations (PVV) were assessed at 3 different times: T1: Baseline (before the first week of pre-season), T2: At the end of pre-season (after 8 weeks of training) and T3: At the end of the first competitive period (after 26 weeks of training and at halfway of the competitive season). Results: Values of Ht and lean body mass (LBM) increased during the first competitive period from T1 to T3 (Ht: ∆↑8%, P = 0.037, effect sizes (ES) = 1.0; LBM: ∆↑4%, P = 0.041, ES = 0.83) and from T2 to T3 (LBM: (∆↑2%; P = 0.05; ES = 0.77). Moreover, PVV decreased from T2 to T3 (P = 0.002, ES = 0.5) and from T1 to T3 (P < 0.05; ES = 1.26). There were no differences in Hb at T1, T2 or T3. Conclusions: Changes in body weights, PVV and Ht during preparatory and competitive phases were affected by the training load and competitive play.