bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts Clinical Outcome in Patients with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Liu Kai , Li Shen , Gao Yuan , Zhao Lu , Liu Hongbing , Fang Hui , Wu Jun , Sun Shilei , Li Yusheng , Song Bo , Xu Yuming
Published: January 2021

Background: Lower prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is related to poor prognosis of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about PNI and its relationship with prognosis in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).Methods: From January 2013 to June 2019, we retrospectively identified consecutive CVST patients. We selected patients in acute / subacute phase as subjects. Poor prognosis was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 3-6. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to confirm if lower PNI was associated with poor prognosis. Results: A total of 297 subjects with 12-month follow-up data were enrolled. Thirty-three (11.1%) had poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that PNI was an important predictive factor of poor outcome in acute/subacute CVST (odds ratio, 0.903; 95% CI, 0.833-0.978; P = 0.012). The optimal cut-off value for predicting a poor prognosis of PNI was 44.2. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test suggested that the lower the PNI value, the higher the mortality rate (P<0.001). In addition, the nomogram we set up showed that lower PNI was an index of poor prognosis. The c-indexes for the cute/subacute patients with CVST was 0.872.Conclusions: Lower PNI is correlated with a higher risk of adverse clinical outcome in patients with acute/subacute CVST.
Stratifying Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Using an Inverse of The Treatment Decision Rules - Validation Using Electronic Health Records With Application to An Administrative Database 
Authors: Kim Min-Hyung , Park Sojung , Park Yu Rang , Ji Wonjun , Kim Seul-gi , Choo Minji , Hwang Seung-sik , Lee Jae Cheol , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Choi Chang-Min
Published: January 2021

Background To validate a stratification method using an inverse of treatment decision rules that can classify non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in real-world treatment records.Methods (1) To validate the index classifier against the TNM 7th edition, we analyzed electronic health records (EHRs) of NSCLC patients diagnosed from 2011 to 2015 in a tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, Korea. Predictive accuracy, stage-specific sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F1 score, and c-statistic were measured.(2) To apply the index classifier in an administrative database, we analyzed NSCLC patients in Korean National Health Insurance Database, 2002-2013. Differential survival rates among the classes were examined with the log-rank test, and class-specific survival rates were compared with the reference survival rates.Results (1) In the validation study (N =1,375), the overall accuracy was 93.8% (95% CI: 92.5%-95.0%). Stage-specific c-statistic was the highest for stage I (0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.98) and the lowest for stage III (0.82, 95% CI: 0.77-0.87).(2) In the application study (N = 71,593), the index classifier showed a tendency for differentiating survival probabilities among classes. Compared to the reference TNM survival rates, the index classification under-estimated the survival probability for stages IA, IIIB, and IV, and over-estimated it for stages IIA and IIB.Conclusion The inverse of the treatment decision rules has a potential to supplement a routinely collected database with information encoded in the treatment decision rules to classify NSCLC patients. It requires further validation and replication in multiple clinical settings.
A New Approach for GNSS-IR Snow Depth Monitoring With Slope Correction and Error Prediction
Authors: Chen Peng , Li Zheng , Zheng Naiquan
Published: January 2021

With the continuous development of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technology, GNSS-IR (GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry) has become a research hotspot in the field of snow surface monitoring, and the accuracy and reliability have been initially verified. We focus on the reasons for the low accuracy of the existing GNSS-IR snow depth inversion. Therefore, we use the P351 station data in the PBO (Plate Boundary Observatory) network in the United States to monitor the snow depth during the four years from 2011 to 2015. The actual measured snow depth at station 490 in the SONTEL network is used as the true value for accuracy verification. We studied the relationship between the inversion error caused by the slope and the slope angle and the satellite elevation angle, and proposed a slope correction method. The results show that the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of snow depth inversion after slope correction is reduced from 12.1 cm to 10.7 cm, the accuracy is improved by 11.6 %. In addition, it is found that there is an apparent correlation between the retrieved snow depth and the inversion error. With the increase of snow depth, the error gradually changes from positive to negative, and the absolute value of error still increases with the increase of snow depth after the error changes to negative. To this end, we introduce BPNN (Back Propagation Neural Network) to train the inversion snow depth and inversion error of the three snowfall periods from 2011 to 2014, then predicts and corrects the snow depth inversion error during the snowfall period from 2014 to 2015. The results show that the RMSE of the corrected GNSS-IR snow depth inversion is reduced from 10.7 cm to 5.7 cm, and the accuracy is increased by 46.7 %. The overall accuracy of the GNSS-IR snow depth inversion is improved by 52.9 % after the slope correction and the BPNN error prediction is performed, which further verifies the accuracy and effective of the approach that proposed by us.
Ascorbic Acid Greatly Decreases Creatine Kinase Levels in An Animal Model of Statin/Fibrate-Induced Myopathy
Authors: Askarian Fatemeh , Zabihi Mohsen , Hekmatimoghaddam Seyedhossein , Nooshabadi Mohammadreza Rashidi , Zabihi Mohammad sajjad
Published: January 2021

BackgroundDrug-induced myopathy is one of the frequent forms of muscle disease, and drugs used for hyperlipidemia, especially the statins are a common culprit, and particularly when combined with a fibrate. Clinicians usually measure plasma levels of three enzymes, creatine kinase (CK), aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for diagnosis of myopathy and determination of its severity. Physical exercise can aggravate statin-associated muscular disease. The question is whether antioxidants like ascorbic acid (vit. C) can prevent such myopathy.MethodsIn this experiment a combination of oral atorvastatin (ATV, 80 mg/kg/day, orally) and gemfibrozil (GMF, 1000 mg/kg/day, orally) was used for ten days plus exercise in days 8, 9 and 10 to induce myopathy in rats. To add physical exercise, the forced swimming test was applied in the last three days. Ascorbic acid (50 mg/kg/day, orally) was added to ATV/GMF plus exercise regimen throughout the 10 days in the treatment group. The mean blood levels of CK, aldolase and LDH were measured in addition to swimming tolerance times. ResultsThere was a significantly lower swimming tolerance time (P < 0.05) and higher CK levels (P < 0.01) in rats receiving ATV/GMF/Vit.C plus exercise compared with rats not taking Vit.C. LDH and aldolase didn’t decrease significantly.ConclusionsA protective role of vit.C against drug-induced myopathy is suggested by the findings of this study.
Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound Augmented Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Integrating Ultrasound Imaging and Synergistic Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Wen , Shen Hongyuan , Tao Hongyu , Wu Yating , Ma Liyuan , Yang Guangfei , Chang Ruijiao , Wang Jiaxing , Zhang Hanfei , Wang Chenyu , Zhang Furong , Qi Jiaojiao , Mi Chengrong
Published: January 2021

The metastasis of breast cancer is believed to have a negative effect on its prognosis. Benefiting from the remarkable deep-penetrating and non-invasive characteristics, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) demonstrates a whole series of potential leading to cancer treatment. To relieve the limitation of monotherapy, a multifunctional nanoplatform has been explored to realize the synergistic treatment efficiency. Herein, we establish a novel multifunctional nano-system which encapsulates chlorin e6 (Ce6, for SDT), perfluoropentane (PFP, for ultrasound imaging), and docetaxel (DTX, for chemotherapy) in a well-designed PLGA core-shell structure. The synergistic nanoparticle (CPDP NPs) featured with excellent biocompatibility and stability primarily enables its further application. Upon low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) irradiation, the enhanced ultrasound imaging could be revealed both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, combined with LIFU, the nanoparticle exhibits intriguing antitumor capability through Ce6 induced cytotoxic reactive oxygen species as well as DTX releasing to generate a concerted therapeutic efficiency. Furthermore, this treating strategy actives a strong anti-metastasis capability by which lung metastatic nodules have been significantly reduced. The results indicate that the SDT-oriented nanoplatform combined with chemotherapy could be provided as a promising approach in elevating effective synergistic therapy and suppressing lung metastasis of breast cancer.
A Case of Prolonged Shedding of SARS-Cov-2 with Rapid Decay of IgG Antibody
Authors: Huang Jin-Bao , Lan Chang-Qing , Huang Ming-Xiang , Wang Xin-Hang
Published: January 2021

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is still spreading rapidly around the world. Recent cases with prolonged detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA have been successively reported and the phenomenon of false-negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results of SARS-CoV-2 RNA or “repositive” was also described in patients with COVID-19.Case presentationA 69-year-old female with hypertension, total hysterectomy for hysteromyoma and suspected lung tumor presented with moderate COVID-19 symptoms was testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR when she travelled from USA to China. The patient required second and third re-hospitalization due to repositive SARS-CoV-2 test results of throat swaps during post-charge solitary isolation and observation. The serum SARS-CoV-2-IgG decayed rapidly and disappeared on illness day 139 when the throat swab was still positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Finally the virus shedding lasted at least146 days (the last positive test result of throat swap on illness day 146 and the first true-negative test result on illness day 151) from her initial positive test.Conclusions Prolonged viral shedding of SARS-CoV RNA is prone to occur in an immunocompromised host. With the change of host immune status, SARS-CoV-2 detection can be repeatedly positive. The SARS-CoV-2-IgG may decrease rapidly and disappear before the virus removal, indicating there may be certain limitations on the protective effect of antibody against SARS-CoV-2 which deserves attention of clinicians.
Association Between Glycemic Gap and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Lou Ran , Jiang Li , Zhu Bo
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Dysglycemia is pervasive and associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and blood glucose fluctuation might all affect the outcomes, but appropriate level of blood glucose is uncertain especially in patients with diabetes regarding to the situation of glucose control before hospitalization. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of difference between mean blood glucose during ICU stay and level of blood glucose prior to admission to ICU upon outcomes of critically ill patients with diabetes.Method: This retrospective study undertaken in a 24-bed intensive care unit(ICU). Patients with diabetes expected to stay for more than 24hs were enrolled, HbA1c was tested within 3 days after admission and converted to the A1C-derived average glucose (ADAG) by the equation: ADAG = [ ( HbA1c * 28.7 ) – 46.7 ] * 18-1, arterial blood glucose measurements were fourth per day routinely during the first 7 days after admission, the mean glucose level(MGL) and SOFA (within 3 days, 5 days and 7days) were calculated for each person, GAPadm and GAPmean was calculated as admission blood glucose and MGL minus ADAG respectively, the incidence of moderate hypoglycemia(MH), severe hypoglycemia (SH), total dosage of glucocorticoids and average daily dosage of insulin within 7 days, duration of renal replacement therapy(RRT), ventilator-free hours and non-ICU stay days within 28 days were also collected. Patients enrolled were divided into survival group and non-survival group according to survival or not at 28-day, compare GAPadm and GAPmean between the two groups and explore the relationship between GAP and mortality in these critically ill patients.Results: 431 patients were enrolled and divided into survival group (n=256) and non-survival group (n=175). It was shown that two groups had comparable level of HbA1c, the non-survivors had greater APACHE II, SOFA, GAPadm, GAPmean-3, GAPmean-5, GAPmean-7 and higher MH and SH incidences. Less duration of ventilator-free, non-ICU stay and longer duration of RRT were recorded in non-survival group, of whom received less carbohydrates intake, higher insulin daily dosage and glucocorticoid dosage. GAPmean-5 had the greatest predictive power with AUC of 0.807(95%CI: 0.762-0.851), the cut-off value was 3.6mmol/L(sensitivity 77.7% and specificity 76.6%). The AUC was increased to 0.852(95%CI: 0.814-0.889) incorporated with SOFA5 (NRI = 11.34%, P < 0.001 ). Conclusion: Glycemic GAP between mean level of blood glucose especially MGL within 5 days after admission to ICU and A1C-derived average glucose was independently associated with 28-day mortality of critically ill patients with diabetes. The predictive power was optimized with addition of the top level of SOFA within 5 days.
Gitelman Syndrome in a Pregnant Woman
Authors: Huo Feifei , Li Nan , Zhang Dong
Published: January 2021

Background: Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive inherited salt-losing tubulopathy resulted from a loss-of-function mutation in the gene SLC12A3 encoding the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT) protein located in the distal renal tubules. Investigations revealed hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria and increased activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. There have been very few case reports on Gitelman syndrome in pregnancy, and some cases showed adverse consequences of the fetus.Case presentation: We presented a case report of a pregnant female with hypokalemia, a large amount of intravenous potassium was required to maintain a relatively normal level of serum potassium.Therefore, further laboratory examinations and whole blood DNA sequencing were carried out. The patient was eventually diagnosed with Gitelman syndrome. In terms of treatment, the amount of potassium supplementation was gradually reduced, and magnesium supplementation was intermittently provided at the same time to maintain the patient's serum potassium at about 3.0mmol/L and serum magnesium at about 0.8mmol/L. Obstetric ultrasound during hospitalization indicated normal fetal development, and the patient was discharged from hospital after her condition improved.Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of GS are non-specific, and there is a lack of evidence-based treatment guidelines for pregnant GS patients, so multidisciplinary management of pregnant GS women is essential. Treatment should be cautious and individual, and the electrolytes should be closely monitored to avoid complications caused by electrolyte disturbance and strive to obtain a good maternal and fetal outcome.
Anterior Hybrid Construction of Multilevel Cervical Disc Disease and Spondylotic Spinal Stenosis: Surgical Results and Factors Affecting Adjacent Segment Problems
Authors: YILMAZ MURAT , YUCESOY Kemal , ERBAYRAKTAR Resat Serhat , ALTINAG Rifat Saygin
Published: January 2021

Objective: We aimed to evaluate reliability, radiological outcomes and the impacts of anterior cervical hybrid construction on the adjacent segments for the multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease (mCDDD) and spondylotic spinal stenosis (SSS).Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using data extracted from the medical files of 195 patients (105 males, 90 females; mean age: 47.7 years). From 2008 to 2018, these patients underwent anterior cervical hybrid construction for symptomatic contiguous at least 2-level cervical degenerative disc diseases and cervical spondylosis. Clinical and radiological data including Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), local cervical degenerative disk disease in adjacent segments on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) views and complications were reviewed. Results: The mean clinical and radiological follow-up was 45.2 months (range: 24 to 102). Radiculopathy and/or myelopathy were the main clinical problems in all patients. The mean VAS scores of HC for arm pain were 7.4±0.8 preoperatively; 2.8±0.6, 1 month after surgery; 2.3±0.6, 6 months after surgery; 1.8±0.6, 12 month after surgery; and 1.6±0.6, 24 months after surgery. The mean NDI scores (mean±SD) of HC significantly improved after surgery (on admission, 57.2±5.5%; 1 month after surgery, 27.35±5.3%; 6 month after surgery, 21.43±2.8%; 12 months after surgery, 21.9±2.3%; 24 months after surgery, 20.6±2.6%, p=0.006). Hoarseness and dysphagia were the most common complications and osteophyte formation was the most frequent radiographic change.Conclusion: Anterior cervical hybrid construction appears to be an acceptable option in the management of multilevel cervical degenerative disc diseases and spondylotic spinal stenosis.
The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Weight Gain Among Active Adult Population in Israel. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dor-Haim Horesh , Katzburg Sara , Revach Pola , Levin Hagai , Barak Sharon
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak holds public health concerns. Staying at home, increases sedentary behavior, with unintended adverse outcomes. Since organized recreation and sports facilities were closed, we aimed to study how the crisis of closure affected exercise habits and weight gain among the trainee population in Israel, assess the frequency of activity and age-adjusted weight gain, measure and ability to embrace digital media, as an alternative training frameworkA cross-sectional survey consisted of a multiple-choice questionnaire that was obtained using a web-based survey application. 1,202 trainees who exercise on a regular basis, anonymously answered the questionnaire sent by their coaches regarding their activity and weight gain during lockdown times. Results confirmed that 70% of Israelis trained less than their usual routine, 60% used digital media for training, 55% gained weight. Half of the respondents gained more than 2 kg, with an average increase of 1.2 kg. However, those who exhibited a higher physical activity level gained less weight. Using digital media for training was associated with higher physical activity levels. The aged population was less likely to use digital media.Since increased sedentary behavior could increase the risk for potential worsening of health conditions, health agencies should look for strategies, especially in the aged population, including digital media to promote physical activity and subsequently, preventing the increased burden of future comorbidities worsening by a sedentary lifestyle.
Management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in pregnancy
Authors: Liu Congcong , Gao Jinsong , Liu Juntao
Published: January 2021

Background: The diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in pregnancy is challenging due to its rarity. There is currently no consensus on the treatment of HLH during pregnancy. We aim to analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics of HLH in pregnancy, and to discuss effective diagnostic and treatment options.Methods: Thirteen patients with HLH during pregnancy who were diagnosed and treated at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2000 to December 2019 were studied retrospectively. We collected data on treatment regimens and on maternal and pregnancy outcomes.Results: All patients had a singleton pregnancy, with a median age of 28 years (range, 22–33 years) and a median gestational age of 23 weeks (7–36 weeks). There were underlying associated diagnoses in six patients; of the patients, 12 (92.3%, 12/13) were treated with corticosteroids, and a good efficiency was achieved in 5 (41.7%, 5/12) of them. Two patients who were treated with dexamethasone and etoposide after termination of pregnancy achieved CR. Two patients attained remission after termination of pregnancy. Four pregnant women died, and the mortality rate was 30.77% (4/13). Fetal or neonatal death up to 1 week after delivery occurred in eight (61.54%) pregnancies, and there were four cases of miscarriage, two of stillbirth, and two of neonatal death. Complications included premature birth (57.14% of neonates), small for gestational age (SGA, 7.70%), premature rupture of membranes (15.38%), and fetal stress (15.38%).Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment are important for maternal survival, and corticosteroids are the first choice for most patients with HLH during pregnancy. For patients who do not respond to corticosteroids, etoposide, and termination of pregnancy may be life- saving.
Predictors of thyroglobulin in the lymph nodes recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma undergoing total thyroidectomy
Authors: Xing Zhichao , Qiu Yuxuan , Li Zhe , Zhang Lingyun , Fei Yuan , Zhu Jingqiang , Su Anping
Published: January 2021

Background: To investigate the association between postoperative lymph nodes (LNs) recurrence and distinct serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods: This study included PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) with at least central neck dissection and then re-operated due to recurrence of LNs between January 2013 and June 2018. These patients were grouped by negative or positive serum Tg levels according to the American Thyroid Association guidelines. Results: Of the 60 included patients, 49 underwent radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. Maximum unstimulated Tg (uTg) ≥ 0.2 ng/mL were associated with larger diameter of recurrent LNs (P = 0.027), and higher rate of metastatic LNs (P < 0.001). Serum-stimulated Tg (off-Tg) ≥ 1ng/mL (P = 0.047) and unstimulated Tg (on-Tg) ≥ 0.2 ng/Ml (P = 0.013) were associated with larger diameter of recurrent LNs. Number of metastatic LNs ≥ 8 was an independent predictor for postoperative maximum uTg ≥ 0.2 ng/mL (OR = 8.767; 95% CI =1.392-55.216; P = 0.021). Ratio of metastatic LNs ≥ 25% was an independent predictor for off-Tg ≥ 1 ng/mL (OR = 20.997; 95% CI =1.649-267.384; P = 0.019). Conclusion: Postoperative Tg-positive status was associated with larger size of recurrent LNs. Number of metastatic LNs ≥8 and ratio of metastatic LNs ≥ 25% were independent predicators for uTg-positive and off-Tg-positive status, respectively.
SARS-CoV-2: Preliminary study of infected human nasopharyngeal tissue by high resolution microscopy.
Authors: Mondeja Brian , Valdes Odalys , Resik Sonia , Vizcaino Ananayla , Acosta Emilio , Montalván Adelmo , Paez Amira , Mune Mayra , Rodríguez Roberto , Valdés Juan , Gonzalez Guelsys , Sanchez Daisy , Falcón Viviana , González Yorexis , Kourí Vivian , Group The IPK Virology Research , Díaz Angelina , Guzmán Maria
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of COVID-19. This virus has become one of the most dangerous in recent times with a very high rate of transmission. At present, several publications show the typical crown-shape of the novel coronavirus grown in cell cultures. However, an integral ultramicroscopy study done directly from clinical specimens has not been published. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from two Cuban individuals, one asymptomatic and RT-PCR negative (negative control) and the other from a COVID-19 symptomatic and RT-PCR positive for SARS CoV-2. Samples were treated with an aldehyde solution and processed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Confocal Microscopy (CM) and, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Improvement and segmentation of coronavirus images were performed by a novel mathematical image enhancement algorithm. Results The images of the negative control sample showed the characteristic healthy microvilli morphology at the apical region of the nasal epithelial cells. As expected, they do not display virus-like structures. The images of the positive sample showed characteristic coronavirus-like particles and evident destruction of microvilli. In some regions, virions budding through the cell membrane were observed. Microvilli destruction could explain the anosmia reported by some patients. Virus-particles emerging from the cell-surface with a variable size ranging from 80 to 400 nm were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Viral antigen was identified in the apical cells zone by CM. Conclusions The integral microscopy study showed that SARS-CoV-2 has a similar image to SARS-CoV. The application of several high-resolution microscopy techniques to nasopharyngeal samples awaits future use.
Predicting Osteoporosis with Body Compositions in Postmenopausal Women: A Noninvasive Method
Authors: Hsu Wei-Hsiu , Hsu Wei-Bin , Fan Chun-Hao , Hsu Wen-Wei Robert
Published: January 2021

Background: The prevalence of osteoporosis is rising steadily as the aging population increases. Bone mineral density (BMD) assessment is a more effort procedure to analyze osteoporosis. However, the accessibility and radiation exposure limited its role in community screening. A more convenient approach for screening is suggested.Methods: A total of 363 postmenopausal women over 50 age were included in this study and assessed with the body composition [including fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and basal metabolic rate (BMR)] and BMD. Normal distributions and correlation coefficients among variables were calculated using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson’s correlation analysis, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under ROC curves (AUC) was determined the optimal cut-off values of the body composition variables for osteoporosis prediction.Results: The correlation coefficient of FFM, FM, FM ratio and BMR with femur neck T-score were 0.373, 0.266, 0.165, and 0.369, respectively while with spine T-score were 0.350, 0.251, 0.166, and 0.352, respectively (p<0.01 for all). FFM, FM, and BMR showed an optimal cut-off value of 37.9 kg, 18.6 kg, and 1187.5 kcal for detecting osteoporosis.Conclusions: The present study provided a model to predict osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and the optimal cut-off value of FFM, FM, and BMR could be calculated in Asian population. Among these factors, BMR seemed a better predictor than others. The BMR could be a target for exercise intervention in postmenopausal women for maintaining or improving BMD.
Transcriptomes analysis reveals novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis in Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Hui-Liang , Zhou Yong-Kai , Guo Dong , Zhu Jia-Hong , Peng Shiqing
Published: January 2021

Background: Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a promising technology for plant vegetative propagation, which has an important role in tree breeding. Though rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) SE has been founded, few late SE-related genes have been identified and the molecular regulation mechanisms of late SE are still not well understood. Results: In this study, the transcriptomes of embryogenic callus (EC), primary embryo (PE), cotyledonary embryo (CE), abnormal embryo (AE), mature cotyledonary embryo (MCE) and withered abnormal embryo (WAE) were analyzed. A total of 887,852,416 clean reads were generated, 85.92% of them were mapped to the rubber tree genome. The de novo assembly generated 36937 unigenes. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the pairwise comparisons of CE vs. AE and MCE vs. WAE, respectively. The specific common DEGs were mainly involved in the phytohormones signaling pathway, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid and starch and sucrose metabolism. Among them, hormone signal transduction related genes were significantly enriched, especially the auxin signaling factors (AUX-like1, GH3.1, SAUR32-like, IAA9-like, IAA14-like, IAA27-like, IAA28-like and ARF5-like). The transcription factors including WRKY40, WRKY70, MYBS3-like, MYB1R1-like, AIL6 and bHLH93-like were characterized as molecular markers for rubber tree late SE. CML13, CML36, CAM-7, SERK1 and LEAD-29-like were also related to rubber tree late SE. In addition, histone modification had crucial roles during rubber tree late SE. Conclusions: This study provides important information to elucidate the molecular regulation during rubber tree late SE.
Laparoscopic Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy: Preliminary Experience with 10 Cases
Authors: Zhang Renchao , Gan Xin-Jun , Song Wei , Shi Song-Tao , Yu Hui-Fang , Mou Yi-Ping
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) which is a reasonable surgical approach for left-sided pancreatic cancer is emphasis on the complete resection of regional lymph nodes and tumor-free margin resection. Laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy(LRAMPS) has been rarely performed, with only 49 cases indexed on PubMed. In this study, we present our experience of LRAMPS.Methods: From December 2018 to February 2020, 10 patients underwent LRAMPS for pancreatic cancer at our department. The data of the patient demographics, intraoperative variables , postoperative hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, pathologic findings and follow-up were collected.Results：LRAMPS was performed successfully in all the patients. The median operative time was 235 minutes (range, 212-270min), with an EBL of 120ml(range,100-200ml) . Postoperative complications occurred in 5 (50.0%) patients. Three patients developed a grade B pancreatic fistula. There was no postoperative 30-day mortality and reoperation. The median postoperative hospital stay was 14 days(range,9- 24d).The median count of retrieved lymph nodes was 15 (range, 13–21), and four patients (40%) had malignant-positive lymph nodes. All cases achieved a negative tangential margin and R0 resection.Median follow-up time was 11 months (range, 3–14m). Two patients developed disease recurrence(pancreatic bed recurrence and liver metastasis) 9 months,10 months after surgery,respectively. Others survived without tumor recurrence or metastasis．ConclusionsLRAMPS is technically safe and feasible procedure in well-selected patients with pancreatic cancer in the distal pancreas. The oncologically outcomes need to be further validated based on additional large-volume studies.
Comparison of pregnancy outcomes in young patients following fresh versus frozen single blastocyst transfer:A retrospective study
Authors: wu yanhong , Liu Chang , Gong Chaochao , Xi Haitao , Fu Yanghua , Zhao Junzhao
Published: January 2021

Background：Previous studies have shown that, in young women, single blastocyst transfer can achieve satisfactory pregnancy results; however, few studies exist regarding the difference between fresh and frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer. To provide further clinical strategies for single blastocyst transfer, the purpose of this retrospective analysis was to compare the pregnancy outcomes of young patients who received fresh or frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer.Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients, aged ≤35 years, who underwent single blastocyst transfer was conducted from January 2018 to December 2018 in the reproductive center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou, China). In total, 901 patients were included and were divided into two groups, based on the type of transfer cycle: the fresh embryo transfer cycle group (group A; n=693) and the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle group (group B; n=208). The laboratory and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the groups.Results：The number of oocytes retrieved in group B was significantly higher than in group A (P＜0.05). The early miscarriage rate in group B was significantly higher than in group A and was significantly different (P＜0.05). Frozen-thawed single blastocyst transplantation was an independent risk factor for early miscarriage. Other basic conditions and obstetric pregnancy outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions：Favourable pregnancy outcomes could be obtained with fresh and frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer in young patients. However, because the early miscarriage rate was higher in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer group, further research is needed to determine the cause and possible solutions.
Identification and screening of host proteins interacting with ORFV-ORF047 protein
Authors: Chen Guohua , He Xiaobing , jia Huaijie , Fang Yongxiang , Wang Xiaoxia , Lou Zhongzi , yang Fan , Li Weike , Jing Zhizhong
Published: January 2021

Background：Orf virus (ORFV) is a member of the genus Parapoxvirus and family Poxviridae. The virus has a worldwide distribution and infects sheep, goats, humans, and wild animals. However, due to the complex structure of the poxvirus, the underlying mechanism of the entry and infection by ORFV remains largely unknown. ORFV ORF047 encodes a protein named L1R. Poxviral L1R serves as the receptor-binding protein and blocks virus binding and entry independently of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The study aimed to identify the host interaction partners of ORFV ORF047.Methods: Yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of sheep testicular cells was applied to screen the host targets with ORF047 as the bait. ORF047 was cloned into a pBT3-N vector and expressed in the NMY51 yeast strain. Then, the expression of bait proteins was validated by Western blot analysis.Results: Sheep SERP1and PABPC4 were identified as host target proteins of ORFV ORF047, and a Co-IP assay further verified their interaction. Conclusions: New host cell proteins SERP1and PABPC4 were found to interact with ORFV ORF047 and might involve viral mRNA translation and replication.
Improved Gossypium raimondii Genome Using a Hi-C-based Proximity-Guided Assembly
Authors: song Guoli , Yang Qiuhong , Zuo Dongyun , Cheng Hailiang , Zhang Youping , Wang Qiaolian , Ashraf Javaria , Feng Xiaoxu , Li Simin , Chen Xiaoqin , Liu Shang
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Genome sequence plays an important role in both basic and applied studies. Gossypium raimondii, the putative contributor of the D subgenome of Upland cotton (G. hirsutum), highlights the need to improve the genome quality rapidly and efficiently. Methods: We performed Hi-C sequencing of G. raimondii and reassembled its genome based on a set of new Hi-C data and previously published scaffolds. We also compared the reassembled genome sequence with the previous published G. raimondii genomes for gene and genome sequence collinearity. Result: A total of 98.42% of scaffold sequence was clustered successfully, among which 99.72% of the clustered sequence was ordered and 99.92% of the ordered sequence was oriented with high-quality. Further evaluation of results by heat-map and collinearity analysis revealed that the current reassembled genome is significantly improved than the previous one (Wang et al. 2012). Conclusion: This improvement in G. raimondii genome not only provides a better reference genome to increase study efficiency but also offers a new way to assemble cotton genomes. Furthermore, Hi-C data of G. raimondii may be used for 3D structure research or regulating analysis.
Succinate dehydrogenase deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a three month old boy with a fatal clinical course: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Lv Bei-bei , Li Jia-Mei , Yao Zhi-Gang , Cheng Xian-Kui , Ren Fu-Xin , Su Wen-Jing , Qin Ye-Jun , Wang Zhou , Cao Zhi-xin
Published: January 2021

Background: Succinate dehydrogenase deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (SDH-deficient GISTs), which lack KIT or PDGFRA mutations demonstrate unique clinical and pathological features, and they respond poorly to standard targeted therapy. We herein present a novel case of SDH-deficient GIST in a three-month-old infant’s colon mesentery, and he is the youngest patient to date .Case presentation: The infant presented with complaints of blood in the stool. CT showed a 6.3×4.6 cm mass in the left lower retroperitoneal. Complete resection of tumor and segmental bowel resection was performed without regional lymphadenectomy. Histologically, tumor cells were distinctive in their multinodular colon wall involvement with interspersed tracts of colon wall smooth muscle. The tumor was composed mainly of epithelioid cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Vim, CD117, PDGFR, while negative for SDHB. Mutational analysis showed a synonymous mutation for SDHB and wild-type for KIT and PDGFRA. Two months after surgery, metastases were found and Imatinib was administered. Unfortunately, the disease continued to progress, and the infant died 5 months after surgery.Conclusions: SDH-deficient GISTs comprise a subgroup of a relatively rare tumor type and show a number of clinically and biologically unique features, especially for infants. It is of great importance to developing new therapeutic targets and novel specific drugs.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THE FILM INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE AND ITS PROBLEMS
Authors: Koroshchenko K.R.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the topic of cinema development in Ukraine and the role of state aid in the development of the film industry. Much effort is required to develop cinematography, mainly from the state in the form of material and legal assistance. In order for the film industry to start productive activities, it is beneficial for the Ukrainians who have something to look at, as well as for the state, which will have an income to the
state budget. The film industry is an important component of the cultural sphere. Cinema helps the individual to escape from problems, to plunge into another reality. In the 21st century, cinema is not a way to have fun, but a source for the beginning of thinking, analysis, and cognition. The movie industry is a powerful lever for the country’s development. Much effort is required to develop cinematography, mainly from the state in the form of material and legal assistance. To date, the cinema industry in Ukraine needs to solve the existing problems. The main problem is concentrated in the structures that receive state financial aid and misuse it. It is impossible to say that the developed film industry is the lion’s share of the country’s budget. To produce high-quality tapes is beneficial not only for the economy but also for the global perception of Ukraine as a state that is able to move forward in all areas. The development of the film industry is a significant contribution to the spiritual development of the nation, as well as the opportunity for the future international recognition and perception of domestic cinema as another quality product from Ukraine. It is impossible to say that the developed film industry is the lion’s share of the country’s budget. To produce high-quality tapes is beneficial not only for the economy but also for the global perception of
Ukraine is a state that is able to move forward in all areas. The development of the film industry is a significant contribution to the spiritual development of the nation, as well as the opportunity for the future international recognition and perception of domestic
cinema as another quality product from Ukraine.
Keywords: cinematography, film industry, administrative regulation, legal regulation, cinema product, financing.
Comparing Concentration Levels and Emotional States of Children Using Electroencephalography during Horticultural and Nonhorticultural Activities
Authors: Kim Seon-Ok , Jeong Ji-Eun , Oh Yun-Ah , Kim Ha-Ram , Park Sin-Ae
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to compare the brain activity and emotional states of elementary school students during horticultural and nonhorticultural activities. A total of 30 participants with a mean age of 11.4 ± 1.3 years were included. This experiment was conducted at Konkuk University campus in Korea. Participants performed horticultural activities such as harvesting, planting, sowing seeds, and mixing soil. Nonhorticultural activities included playing with a ball, solving math problems, watching animation videos, folding paper, and reading a book. The study had a crossover experimental design. Brain activity of the prefrontal lobes was measured by electroencephalography during each activity for 3 minutes. On completion of each activity, participants answered a subjective emotion questionnaire using the semantic differential method (SDM). Results showed that relative theta (RT) power spectrum was significantly lower in both prefrontal lobes of participants when engaged in harvesting and reading a book. The relative mid beta (RMB) power spectrum was significantly higher in both prefrontal lobes when participants engaged in harvesting and playing with a ball. The ratio of the RMB power spectrum to the RT power spectrum reflects concentration. This ratio increased during harvesting activity, indicating that children’s concentration also increased. The sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) from mid beta to theta (RSMT), another indicator of concentration, was significantly higher in the right prefrontal lobe during harvesting than during other activities. Furthermore, SDM results showed that the participants felt more natural and relaxed when performing horticultural activities than nonhorticultural activities. Horticultural activities may improve brain activity and psychological relaxation in children. Harvesting activity was most effective for improving children’s concentration compared with nonhorticultural activities.
Suppression of Annual Bluegrass in Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens Using Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: Petelewicz Paweł , Orliński Paweł M. , Baird James H.
Published: January 2021

Decreased stand uniformity together with reduced aesthetics and playability caused by annual bluegrass (Poa annua) intrusion in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) putting greens is one of the major problems that golf course superintendents face with managing newer playing surfaces. Few herbicides are registered for selective control of annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass greens, and the risk of herbicide resistance remains an issue, thus use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is still the primary method of annual bluegrass suppression. This study was conducted to evaluate eight PGR treatments, employed as a series of 15 consecutive, biweekly applications to suppress annual bluegrass encroachment in ‘Pure Distinction’ creeping bentgrass maintained as a golf course putting green in Los Angeles, CA. Best annual bluegrass suppression was observed with products containing flurprimidol (FP) at 0.256 lb/acre, paclobutrazol (PB) at 0.119 lb/acre, or three-way mixture of FP, trinexapac-ethyl (TE), and PB (FP+PB+TE) at 0.055, 0.014, and 0.055 lb/acre, respectively. Although all treatments caused some significant creeping bentgrass injury, which increased over time, PB at 0.119 lb/acre and FP+PB+TE at 0.055, 0.014, and 0.055 lb/acre, respectively, appeared to be safest among effective treatments. Additionally, those treatments caused significantly darker green turf, which may be desirable on putting greens. This research confirms the potential of PGR use to limit annual bluegrass infestation on creeping bentgrass greens in a Mediterranean climate and reveals the most effective treatments that could be used in a putting green maintenance program.
Experience in Course of Anti-IgE Therapy of Bronchial Asthma in Children
Authors: Dyakova S. E. , Mizernitskiy Yu. L. , Sokolova L. V. , Zorina I. E. , Bogorad A. E.
Published: January 2021

The results of the clinical approbation of Patient-specific therapy of bronchial asthma in children using the course method of applicationof the monoclonal antibodies (anti-IgE-therapy) by the Ministry of Health are summarized in order to assess the effect of this typeof treatment on the disease exacerbation rate, including those associated with the seasonal acute respiratory infections. The conclusion was made regarding the high clinical efficiency in relation to all parameters studied and safety of this type of the treatment. Itwas determined that the monitoring of the level of specific IgE receptors on basophils using the cytoflowmetry method, which is concomitant to anti-IgE therapy, makes it possible to predict the efficiency and individual duration of anti-IgE therapy for uncontrolledatopic bronchial asthma in children.
Pathogenetic Reasoning for Use of Monteleukast (Singlon) in Acute Respiratory Viral Infections with Broncho-Obstructive Syndrome in Infants and Preschool Age Children
Authors: Mizernitskiy Yu. L.
Published: January 2021

The Article considers the argumentative issues of the diagnosis of the virus-induced bronchial asthma and recurrent obstructive bronchitis in the children of infant and preschool age, the commonality of their pathogenesis, the feasibility and efficiency of their therapy using the monteleukast – the antileukotriene receptor inhibitor. Along with the anti-inflammatory properties of the monteleukast, the potential antiviral activity discovered in it was considered, in particular, against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19.
Fermented Milk Products and Child Health
Authors: Khavkin A. I. , Kovtun T. A. , Makarkin D. V. , Fedotova O. B.
Published: January 2021

The probiotic fermented milk products hold a specific place in the children diet. As a rule, the pediatricians, when advising the parents, are guided by the characteristics of both strains used as the ferment and the probiotic strains included into the food product. It is important that the microorganisms are safe, shelf stable and able to survive in the gastrointestinal tract. The use of the probiotic fermented milk products has a positive effect on the child health, as follows: anti-infectious and immunomodulatory effects, it helps to normalize the motion of the gastrointestinal tract. These provisions shall be supported with the controlled studies.
Pathogenetic Aspects of Brain Lesions in Wilson–Konovalov Disease
Authors: Salkov V. N. , Khudoerkov R. M. , Sukhorukov V. S.
Published: January 2021

The Wilson–Konovalov disease is the autosomal recessive hereditary disease caused by ATP7B gene mutation. With the mutationsof the gene specified, the copper transport is disrupted, which causes its accumulation in the liver cells and neuroglia of the brain.The copper accumulation in the nervous tissue is observed in the period from the first to the fifth decade of life. In addition, thisdisease affects the metabolism of iron, which accumulates in the astrocytes and macrophages. The accumulation of these metalsleads to the morphological changes in the glial cells, as follows: changes in the shape of astrocytes, formation of the transition typesof microglia and increase in its size, and edema of the oligodendroglia, and in the severe cases, the decrease in the number of the neurons and destruction of the myelinated fibers.