bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability and organizational behavior: A micro‐foundational perspective
Authors: Cooper Sir Cary L. , Stokes Peter , Liu Yipeng , Tarba Shlomo Y.
Published: November 2017

Organizational behavior is a well‐established academic field comprising a comprehensive and wide range of extant literature. In contrast, sustainability and micro‐foundational literature constitute significant but nevertheless more relatively recent emergent bodies of work with each having developed particular predilections in the manner in which they are cast and discussed. There is scope, therefore, to bring to bear a range of organizational behavioral insights in conjunction with these areas thereby creating a fusion that surfaces the drivers and antecedents that operate and play out in the dynamic between these domains. The mechanism employed to do this is through the development of a special issue of papers, drawing on a range of methodological approaches and sectorial perspectives. This is important and has the aim of generating fresh insights and challenging conventional ways of viewing the behavioral dimensions of sustainability and especially through a micro‐foundational lens. The analyses in special issue underline and demonstrate the value of engaging a range of national contexts, sectorial settings, and historical and contemporaneous perspectives that shed novel light on the confluences of sustainability, organizational behavior, and micro‐foundations. Special issue also suggests future directions that subsequent research may take in these arenas.
Cover Image, Volume 98, Issue 1
Authors: Goldenberg Livnat , Yaniv Yossi , Porat Ron , Carmi Nir
Published: November 2017

The cover image, by Livnat Goldenberg et al., is based on the Review Mandarin fruit quality: a review, DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8495.

image
Resources and market definition: Rethinking the “hypothetical monopolist” from a resource‐based perspective
Authors: Monteiro Guilherme Fowler A. , Foss Nicolai
Published: November 2017

We reassess the concept of the hypothetical monopolist as a device for relevant market definition. The hypothetical monopolist test (also known as the Small but Significant Non‐transitory Increase in Price test) is a clever, intuitive way of thinking the relevant market in antitrust, and is gaining ground in strategic management. The test, however, implicitly disregards resource characteristics in relevant market delineation, focusing exclusively on demand side substitutability. In reassessing the hypothetical monopolist, we make 2 general contributions to the strategy literature. First, using cooperative game theory, we advance a precise resource‐based definition of the hypothetical monopolist. Second, we demonstrate how this definition broadens our conventional understanding on 2 important topics: resource complementarities and disruptive innovations. In doing so, we complement and strengthen the hypothetical monopolist test as a device for management (strategic) and public policy (antitrust) analysis.
Extragradient methods for split feasibility problems and generalized equilibrium problems in Banach spaces
Authors: Jouymandi Zeynab , Moradlou Fridoun
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this paper is the presentation of a new extragradient algorithm in 2‐uniformly convex real Banach spaces. We prove that the sequences generated by this algorithm converge strongly to a point in the solution set of split feasibility problem, which is also a common element of the solution set of a generalized equilibrium problem and fixed points of of two relatively nonexpansive mappings. We give a numerical example to investigate the behavior of the sequences generated by our algorithm.
Well‐posedness and stability of mild solutions to neutral impulsive stochastic integro‐differential equations
Authors: Luo Chaoliang , Guo Shangjiang
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we investigate the well‐posedness and stability of mild solutions for a class of neutral impulsive stochastic integro‐differential equations in a real separable Hilbert space. By the inequality technique combined with theory of resolvent operator, some sufficient conditions are established for the concerned problems. The obtained conclusions are completely new, which generalize and improve some existing results. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
Adaptive strategies to improve the application of the generalized finite differences method in 2D and 3D
Authors: Ureña Miguel , Benito Juan José , Ureña Francisco , García Ángel , Gavete Luis , Benito Luis
Published: November 2017

The generalized finite differences method allows the use of irregular clouds of nodes. The optimal values of the key parameters of the method vary depending on how the nodes in the cloud are distributed, and this can be complicated especially in 3D. Therefore, we establish 2 criteria to allow the automation of the selection process of the key parameters. These criteria depend on 2 discrete functions, one of them penalizes distances and the other one penalizes imbalances. In addition, we show how to generate irregular clouds of nodes more efficient than finer regular clouds of nodes. We propose an improved and more versatile h‐adaptive method that allows adding, moving, and removing nodes. To decide which nodes to act on, we use an indicator of the error a posteriori. This h‐adaptive method gives results more accurate than those ones presented for the generalized finite differences method so far and, in addition, with fewer nodes. In addition, this method can be used in time‐dependant problems to increase the temporal step or to avoid instabilities. As an example, we apply it in problems of seismic waves propagation.
A step‐by‐step review on patient‐specific biomechanical finite element models for breast MRI to x‐ray mammography registration
Authors: García Eloy , Diez Yago , Diaz Oliver , Lladó Xavier , Martí Robert , Martí Joan , Oliver Arnau
Published: November 2017

Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and x‐ray mammography are two image modalities widely used for the early detection and diagnosis of breast diseases in women. The combination of these modalities leads to a more accurate diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases. The aim of this paper is to review the registration between breast MRI and x‐ray mammographic images using patient‐specific finite element‐based biomechanical models. Specifically, a biomechanical model is obtained from the patient's MRI volume and is subsequently used to mimic the mammographic acquisition. Due to the different patient positioning and movement restrictions applied in each image modality, the finite element analysis provides a realistic physics‐based approach to perform the breast deformation. In contrast with other reviews, we do not only expose the overall process of compression and registration but we also include main ideas, describe challenges, and provide an overview of the used software in each step of the process. Extracting an accurate description from the MR images and preserving the stability during the finite element analysis require an accurate knowledge about the algorithms used, as well as the software and underlying physics. The wide perspective offered makes the paper suitable not only for expert researchers but also for graduate students and clinicians. We also include several medical applications in the paper, with the aim to fill the gap between the engineering and clinical performance.
The Book of Dan. The Door in the Tree. Emergent Frameworks for Faith and Healing among the Meto of Timor‐Leste
Authors: Rose Michael
Published: November 2017

Over the past 40 years, Timor‐Leste’s Oecussi enclave has seen significant urbanization, with many families choosing to relocate from the mountains to the district capital in search of economic and educational opportunity. This article revolves around the case study of a spiritual healer referred to as Brother (Maun) Dan who, after a purported encounter with Mary, Joseph, and the Baby Jesus on the sacred beach of Lifau, is believed to have acquired the ability to heal the sick and has organized his followers into a Catholic affiliated mystical organization called the Sacred Family. Situating Dan’s story within the literature on spirituality and healing in the region, this article explores how, through reconciling indigenous (meto) beliefs revolving around ancestral spirits and sacred landscapes with the high‐status foreign (kase) institution of the Catholic Church and its associated iconography and scripture, Dan has been able to deploy distinctly Timorese perspectives on health and healing to address the needs of people living in an increasingly globalized peri‐urban setting.
Effect of graphene nanoplatelets structure on the properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene composites
Authors: Dul S. , Fambri L. , Merlini C. , Barra G.M.O. , Bersani M. , Vanzetti L. , Pegoretti A.
Published: November 2017

In this study, the effects of various types of commercial graphene nanoplatelets (XG Sciences xGnP M5, C300, C500, and C750) on the thermal, electromagnetic shielding (EMI SE), electrical and mechanical behavior of an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) copolymer matrix were investigated. The selected nanofillers were characterized and compared in term of surface area, different oxygen content, dimension and density (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and helium pycnometry). Graphene nanoplatelets were dispersed in ABS by direct melt compounding at 2, 4, and 8 wt%. Melt flow index (MFI) values almost linearly decreased with all the type of xGnPs, especially with the highest surface area nanofiller (C750). Moreover, EMI SE of neat ABS was improved from −0.7 dB to −2.5 dB (increase more than 3 times) for xGnP (C300, C500, and C750) and to −6.2 dB (increase about 9 times) for xGnP‐M5, in agreement with proportional reduction of electrical resistivity. xGnP‐M5 also resulted in being most effective in enhancing the tensile modulus which improved up to 64%, while a maximum increment of about 20% was obtained with the others xGnP nanoparticles. However, yield stress slightly decreased for xGnP‐M5 (about −9%) and remained fairly constant for others nanofillers. Halpin–Tsai model used to predict the tensile modulus of the nanocomposites suggested that graphene nanoplatelets were randomly oriented in the ABS matrix in a three‐dimensional (3D) manner. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E285–E300, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Pediatric drug information available at the time of new drug approvals: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Hudgins Joel D. , Bacho Matthew A. , Olsen Karen L. , Bourgeois Florence T.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Greater than 50% of drugs lack pediatric labeling information, resulting in widespread “off‐label” use in children. To increase pediatric prescribing information, the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) was passed in 2003, requiring new drug applications to include pediatric assessments. We evaluated the study of new drugs in children since PREA was implemented.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of new drug applications submitted to the FDA from December 2003 to July 2012, using publicly available documents at Drugs@FDA. We calculated the proportion of new drugs that included a pediatric assessment at the time of approval and at a final review performed in July 2016.

Results

We identified 92 new drugs requiring pediatric assessments. Only 20 (21.7%) had been fully studied in children at the time of approval, while 9 (9.8%) had been partially assessed, and 63 (68.5%) did not have pediatric data. Among drugs approved without pediatric assessments, 4.2% met FDA deferral deadlines and 34.9% eventually submitted pediatric data. At the time of our final review, allowing for a mean of 8.6 years since drug approval, 57.6% of new drugs had not been fully assessed in children. The mean time between approval in adults and availability of pediatric data for drugs approved without pediatric assessments was 6.5 years.

Conclusions

These results represent a comprehensive evaluation of the study of new drugs in children and demonstrate that many drugs continue to be approved without pediatric data. Our findings serve to inform approaches to strengthen adherence to PREA requirements.
Long‐term oral exposure to safe dose of bisphenol A in association with high‐fat diet stimulate the prostatic lesions in a rodent model for prostate cancer
Authors: Facina Camila H. , Campos Silvana G.P. , Gonçalves Bianca F. , Góes Rejane M. , Vilamaior Patricia S.L. , Taboga Sebastião R.
Published: November 2017

Background

Studies have shown that exposure to environmental chemicals known as endocrine disruptors can cause permanent changes in genital organs, such as the prostate. Among these environmental chemicals stands out bisphenol A (BPA). Another factor associated with prostate changes is the consumption of a high‐fat diet. Although the relationship between the consumption of a high‐fat diet and an increased risk of prostate cancer is well established, the mechanisms that lead to the establishment of this disease are not completely understood, nor the simultaneous action of BPA and high‐fat diet.

Methods

Adult gerbils (100 days old) were divided in four groups (n = 6 per group): Control (C): animals that received a control diet and filtered water; Diet (D): animals that received a high‐fat diet and filtered water; BPA: animals that received a control diet and BPA − 50 µg kg−1day−1in drinking water; BPA + Diet (BPA + D): animals that received a high‐fat diet + BPA − 50 µg kg−1day−1in drinking water. After the experimental period (6 months), the dorsolateral and ventral prostate lobes were removed, and analyzed by several methods.

Results

Histological analysis indicated premalignant and malignant lesions in both prostatic lobes. However, animals of the D, BPA, and BPA + D groups showed a higher incidence and larger number of prostatic lesions; inflammatory foci were also common. Markers to assess prostate lesions, such as increased activation of the DNA repair system (PCNA‐positive cells), androgen receptor (AR), and number of basal cells, confirmed the histology. However, serum levels of testosterone did not change under the experimental conditions.

Conclusions

The results indicated that the methodology used was effective in generating metabolic changes, which directly compromised prostatic homeostasis. Diet and BPA appear to modulate the activation of the AR pathway and thereby optimize tumor establishment in the gerbil prostate.
Farmers' perspective on herbicide‐resistant weeds and application of resistance management strategies: results from a German survey
Authors: Ulber Lena , Rissel Dagmar
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

A herbicide resistance survey was conducted in Germany to determine farmers' awareness of herbicide resistance and experience with resistant weeds, the information sources on herbicide resistance used and the methods employed to confirm resistance. In addition, the application pattern and perception of resistance management strategies by farmers were assessed.

RESULTS

The majority of farmers (88%) were aware of the presence of herbicide resistance cases in Germany and 64% and 50% of farmers reported that resistant weeds had been detected in their county and on their farm, respectively. Resistance management strategies were reported to be applied by 87% of the farmers and three clusters of different resistance management approaches used to minimize the evolution of resistant weed populations were identified and linked to farmers' perception of resistance and farm management characteristics. When asked about obstacles to adopting resistance management strategies, higher cost was the obstacle most cited by farmers, followed by weather and labour intensity/labour costs.

CONCLUSION

Outcomes from this survey may help researchers and crop consultants to increase understanding of farmers' perception of herbicide resistance issues, to improve knowledge dissemination concerning herbicide resistance and to develop resistance management programmes with high agronomic practicability and acceptance by farmers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
3‐D Strain Fields in Low‐Dimensional III–V Semiconductors: A Combined Finite Elements and HRTEM Approach
Authors: Florini Nikoletta , Dimitrakopulos George P. , Kioseoglou Joseph , Pelekanos Nikos T. , Kehagias Thomas
Published: November 2017

A versatile route toward the study of strain fields of low‐dimensional III–V semiconductor nanostructures is presented, by combining quantitative high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations with the finite elements method (FEM). FEM facilitates a fast and straightforward three‐dimensional (3‐D) analysis of elastic properties for various growth orientations and compositional profiles down to the nanoscale. FEM calculations are employed to simulate elastic stress–strain fields of III–V cubic heterostructures comprising InAs surface and buried quantum dots (QDs) grown on GaAs(211)B substrates, and (111)‐oriented GaAs/AlxGa(1−x)As core–shell nanowires (NWs) on Si. The results are compared with experimental strain maps obtained from HRTEM images by geometric phase analysis (GPA), as well as with molecular dynamics (MD) atomistic simulations. In the former, the compositional grading along the growth axis was considered, and, in the latter, elastic fields were calculated as a function of the shell's chemical composition and shell‐to‐NW diameter ratios. The agreement between FEM calculations with experimental and theoretical results implies that the plane‐stress state can adequately describe the encountered elastic fields. Most importantly, through the determined stress–strain state, strain fields can be translated into 3‐D maps of chemical composition in the nanostructures, extracted from 2‐D experimental projections.
A Comparative Study on the Magnetocaloric Properties of Ni‐Mn‐X(‐Co) Heusler Alloys
Authors: Taubel Andreas , Gottschall Tino , Fries Maximilian , Riegg Stefan , Soon Christopher , Skokov Konstantin P. , Gutfleisch Oliver
Published: November 2017

We present a comprehensive study on three selected Heusler alloy systems. Ni‐Mn‐X(‐Co) systems with X = Al, In, Sn are compared with respect to the relevant magnetocaloric properties of their magnetostructural phase transition, namely martensitic transition temperature as well as its field dependence, magnetization change, and width of the thermal hysteresis. The latter one is strongly determining the reversibility of the magnetocaloric effect. Therefore the understanding of how to tailor it by extrinsic and intrinsic factors is of great importance. Our study of the magnetocaloric properties leads to the conclusion that the width of thermal hysteresis can be correlated to the magnetization change of the phase transition. Consequently, the adiabatic temperature change under cycling can largely vary despite similar values of isothermal entropy change for Ni‐Mn‐In‐Co and Ni‐Mn‐Sn‐Co. This result therefore shows the importance of tailoring sharpness, thermal hysteresis, and field dependence of the phase transition to achieve high values for the isothermal entropy change as well as a large magnetocaloric cooling effect in the different Heusler alloys.
Non‐Polar a‐Plane AlN Growth on Nitrided r‐Plane Sapphire by Ga–Al Liquid‐Phase Epitaxy
Authors: Adachi Masayoshi , Fukuyama Hiroyuki
Published: November 2017

Growth of non‐polar AlN layers is important to realize high‐efficiency deep‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes. In this study, a‐plane AlN layers are fabricated by a combination of thermal nitridation and Ga–Al liquid‐phase epitaxy (LPE). Thermal nitridation at 1603 and 1623 K provides a‐plane AlN thin films with smooth surfaces on r‐plane sapphire substrates. However, these AlN films contain a double domain structure. Nitridation of r‐plane sapphire with an off‐cut angle can effectively eliminate the double domain structure. Moreover, a‐plane AlN films are grown homoepitaxially on the nitrided r‐plane sapphire substrates by Ga–Al LPE. Thus, a single‐domain non‐polar AlN film is successfully grown on nitrided r‐plane sapphire with an off‐cut angle.
Oxidized Carbon Black as Catalyst for the Enamine Formation in Solvent‐Free Conditions: A Green Strategy to Build the Benzodiazepine Scaffold
Authors: Villano Rosaria , Acocella Maria Rosaria , Guerra Gaetano
Published: November 2017

Oxidized carbon black efficiently catalyzed addition of amines to 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature. This methodology is eco‐friendly and cheap, with a very easy work up and the possibility to recover and recycle the catalyst. Finally, the elaborated methodology can be conveniently exploited for the synthesis of 1,5‐benzodiazepine.
Effects of Position and Electronic Nature of Substituents on Cobalt‐Porphyrin‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Beyene Belete B. , Mane Sandeep B. , Leonardus Mario , Hung Chen‐Hsiung
Published: November 2017

Cobalt(II) porphyrins bearing ortho/para‐amino and ortho‐nitro groups at meso‐phenyl rings have been prepared and employed for catalytic hydrogen generation. Electrochemical and catalytic studies show that position and electronic nature of the substituents strongly affect catalytic activity and overpotential of catalysis. Our study reveals that the complex with ortho‐aminophenyl substituents on porphyrin core displays higher activity toward H2 evolution with rate constant of 1.1
105 M−1 s−1 at onset potential close to thermodynamic reduction potential of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and 89% efficiency. On the other hand, the reactions involving cobalt porphyrins with para‐aminophenyl or ortho‐nitrophenyl groups showed lower or no activity under the same experimental conditions, implying the significant role of pendant ortho‐amino groups in accelerating the intramolecular proton transfer and the proton‐hydride interactions to thermodynamically favor H2 evolution.
Palladium Supported on Fluorinated Magnesium Hydroxide: An Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogenation under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Kokane Reshma S. , Acham Vaibhav R. , Kulal Atul B. , Kemnitz Erhard , Dongare Mohan K. , Umbarkar Shubhangi B.
Published: November 2017

In this study palladium supported on fluorinated magnesium hydroxide (Pd‐MgF2‐x(OH)x) was synthesized by fluorination of magnesium hydroxide using aqueous HF as fluorinating agent. The Mg(OH)2 dissolves in HF and precipitates as magnesium hydroxide fluoride. The Pd precursor was added in the same pot during precipitation of MgF2‐x(OH)x. The final catalyst after drying at 250 °C has shown very high efficiency for hydrogenation of styrene and range of nitro aromatics at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Hydrogenation of styrene has led to 37% conversion with 100% selectivity for hydrogenation of double bond after 3 h. The catalyst was successfully recycled for styrene hydrogenation without appreciable loss in the activity. Further hydrogenation of nitro‐aromatics was achieved with 99% conversion and 100% aniline selectivity at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The turnover number of ∼21774 was obtained for nitrobenzene hydrogenation. The catalyst has shown mesoporous nature (pore volume 0.25 cc/g, pore diameter 4.8 nm) with very high surface area of 106 m2/g. The palladium particle size was found to be in the range of 10–11 nm. Acidity measurements by FTIR of adsorbed pyridine revealed presence of Lewis acidic sites with moderate acidity. Mechanistic studies using in‐situ FTIR analysis for nitrobenzene hydrogenation revealed activation of nitrobenzene on the Lewis acid sites of the support whereas activation of hydrogen by heterolytic cleavage on Pd center.
Super Small Polymeric Carbon Nitride Nanospheres with Core‐Shell Structure for Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Shengbo , Li Mei , Qiu Wenjun , Wei Yan , Zhang Gefei , Han Jinyu , Wang Hua , Liu Xiao
Published: November 2017

Novel uniform super small carbon nitride nanospheres with core‐shell structure were prepared in a one step procedure by using SiO2 hollow nanospheres as hard templates. The as‐prepared carbon nitride nanospheres with the average size of 20 nm displayed enhanced activities and durability in photocatalytic hydrogen production and the degradation of methyl orange (MO), compared to the conventional carbon nitride with bulky morphology under visible light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation. The enhancement is attributed to the nano‐scaled carbon nitride spheres with unique core‐shell structures and large surface areas, which facilitate the photogenerated charge separation and fast transport.
Enhanced Selectivity and Uptake Capacity of CO2 and Toluene Adsorption in Co0.5M0.33MoS4 (M= Sb or Y) Chalcogels by Impregnated Metal Salts
Authors: Edhaim Fatimah , Rothenberger Alexander
Published: November 2017

The synthesis of metal chalcogenide aerogels Co0.5M0.33MoS4 (M= Sb or Y) by the sol‐gel method is reported. In this system, the building blocks [MoS4]2− chelated with Co2+ and (Sb3+) or (Y3+) salts in nonaqueous solvents forming amorphous networks with a gel property. The chalcogels obtained after supercritical drying have BET surface areas of 176 m2 g−1 (Co0.5Sb0.33MoS4) and 145 m2 g−1 (Co0.5Y0.33MoS4). Electron microscopy and physisorption studies reveal that the new materials are porous with wide pore size distribution and average pore width of 16 nm. These chalcogels show higher adsorption capacity of toluene vapor (Co0.5Sb0.33MoS4: 387 mg g−1) and (Co0.5Y0.33MoS4: 304 mg g−1) over cyclohexane vapor and high selectivity of CO2 over CH4 or H2, Co0.5Sb0.33MoS4 (CO2/H2: 80 and CO2/CH4: 21), Co0.5Y0.33MoS4 (CO2/H2: 27 and CO2/CH4: 15). We also demonstrated that the impregnation of various metal species like Li+, Mg2+, and Ni2+ significantly enhanced the uptake capacity and selectivity of toluene and CO2 adsorptions in the chacogels.
Chronic parenting stress and mood reactivity: The role of sleep quality
Authors: da Estrela Chelsea , Barker Erin T. , Lantagne Sarah , Gouin Jean‐Philippe
Published: November 2017

Sleep is a basic biological process supporting emotion regulation. The emotion regulation function of sleep may be particularly important in the context of chronic stress. To better understand how chronic stress and sleep interact to predict mood, 66 parents of children with autism completed daily diaries assessing parenting stress, negative mood, and sleep quality for 6 consecutive days. Hierarchical linear modelling revealed that daily negative mood was predicted by between‐person differences in parenting stress and between‐person differences in sleep efficiency. Further, between‐person differences in sleep efficiency and within‐person differences in sleep satisfaction moderated the impact of stress on mood. These data suggest that sleep disturbances may exacerbate the association between stress and mood in the context of chronic parenting stress. Further, high parenting stress appears to heighten the impact of transient sleep disturbances on mood.
Organization–stakeholder fit: A dynamic theory of cooperation, compromise, and conflict between an organization and its stakeholders
Authors: Bundy Jonathan , Vogel Ryan M. , Zachary Miles A.
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: We advance the concept of organization–stakeholder fit (O–S fit) to explain cooperative behavior between an organization and its stakeholders. O–S fit describes the compatibility that exists between an organization and a stakeholder when their characteristics are well matched. We highlight two dimensions of O–S fit: value congruence, or the supplementary fit of organizational and stakeholder values, and strategic complementarity, or the complementary fit of strategic needs and resources. For each dimension, we detail the unique relational factors—including core elements of trust, predictability, attraction/exchange, and communication—that motivate cooperation. We then explicate the ways in which value congruence and strategic complementarity dynamically interrelate over time. Finally, we consider how organization‐stakeholder misfit may result in alternative relational behaviors, such as conflict or compromise.

Managerial Summary: We develop a new way of thinking about the relationship between organizations and stakeholders. Recognizing that positive relationships require a degree of fit or compatibility, we argue that cooperative behavior between an organization and its stakeholders is maximized when relational partners share both core values and strategic priorities. We explain that high fit along these two dimensions increases trust, relational predictability, attraction/exchange, and communication. We also describe how positive relationships might be formed with fit along only one dimension, and how negative relationships might result in the presence of misfit. Ultimately, we suggest that managers who want to foster positive relationships with stakeholders should concentrate on aligning their values and priorities, rather than simply concentrating on one or the other.
Flexible, Stretchable, and Transparent Planar Microsupercapacitors Based on 3D Porous Laser‐Induced Graphene
Authors: Song Weixing , Zhu Jianxiong , Gan Baoheng , Zhao Shuyu , Wang Hui , Li Congju , Wang Jie
Published: November 2017

The graphene with 3D porous network structure is directly laser‐induced on polyimide sheets at room temperature in ambient environment by an inexpensive and one‐step method, then transferred to silicon rubber substrate to obtain highly stretchable, transparent, and flexible electrode of the all‐solid‐state planar microsupercapacitors. The electrochemical capacitance properties of the graphene electrodes are further enhanced by nitrogen doping and with conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) coating. With excellent flexibility, stretchability, and capacitance properties, the planar microsupercapacitors present a great potential in fashionable and comfortable designs for wearable electronics.
Polyaniline Derived N‐Doped Carbon‐Coated Cobalt Phosphide Nanoparticles Deposited on N‐Doped Graphene as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ma Jingwen , Wang Min , Lei Guangyu , Zhang Guoliang , Zhang Fengbao , Peng Wenchao , Fan Xiaobin , Li Yang
Published: November 2017

The development of highly efficient and durable non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is significant for clean and renewable energy research. This work reports the synthesis of N‐doped graphene nanosheets supported N‐doped carbon coated cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles via a pyrolysis and a subsequent phosphating process by using polyaniline. The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits excellent electrochemical activity for HER with a small overpotential of −135 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 59.3 mV dec−1 in 0.5 m H2SO4. Additionally, the encapsulation of N‐doped carbon shell prevents CoP nanoparticles from corrosion, exhibiting good stability after 14 h operation. Moreover, the as‐prepared electrocatalyst also shows outstanding activity and stability in basic and neutral electrolytes.
Pitfalls and sources of variability in two dimensional shear wave elastography of the liver: An overview
Authors: Zelesco Marilyn , Abbott Steve , O'Hara Sandra
Published: November 2017

Chronic liver diseases are a substantial worldwide problem that are increasing in prevalence. All forms of chronic liver disease have the potential to lead to a deposition of fibrous tissue within the liver resulting in the development of cirrhosis with its consequences – portal hypertension, hepatic failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years, new treatments for the management of liver fibrosis have been developed. However, the medical field has not been able to meet the demands for a non‐invasive diagnostic and monitoring method in these patients. Magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasound elastography are rapidly becoming the method of choice for the assessment of liver fibrosis; replacing liver biopsy for diagnosis, evaluation of disease progression and treatment monitoring. However, both MR and ultrasound elastography estimate liver stiffness, of which fibrosis is only one cause. Multiple confounding factors are present. This paper looks at these potential sources of variability that sonographers need to consider when undertaking an hepatic two‐dimensional shear wave elastogram.
Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Thermophilic Amylopullulanase with a Type I Pullulanase Structure From Anoxybacillus sp. WB42
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Liu Zhongmei , Zhou Zhemin
Published: November 2017

Pullulanase is an important starch‐debranching enzyme that is used in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, pulWB42 is cloned from a novel pullulan‐degrading thermophile (Anoxybacillus sp. WB42) by homology cloning and genome walking. PulWB42 has the signature sequences of type I pullulanases, which cleave only α‐1,6‐glycosidic bonds in pullulan, and shows 74% identity with a type I pullulanase from A. tepidamans. Homology modeling suggests that PulWB42 has a typical type I pullulanase structure, which is distinct from that of known amylopullulanases. The recombinant PulWB42 is expressed in Escherichia coli and identified as an amylopullulanase by thin layer chromatography. rPulWB42 exhibits optimal activity toward pullulan at pH 5.8 and toward amylose at pH 5.5 over a temperature range of 55–65 °C, with a Km value of 5.3 ± 1.0 mg ml−1 for pullulan (0.09‐fold lower than that for amylose) and kcat value of 152.6 ± 13.2 s−1 for both pullulan and amylose. Moreover, the initial activity is completely retained after a 24‐h incubation at 60 °C and pH 5.5. Calcium ions activate the α‐amylase activity of rPulWB42, while weakly impacting the pullulanase activity. These catalytic properties make PulWB42 an important candidate for use in starch bioprocessing.
The contribution of science‐rich resources to public science interest
Authors: Falk John H. , Pattison Scott , Meier David , Bibas David , Livingston Kathleen
Published: November 2017

This preliminary study examined the effect that five major sources of public science education—schools, science centers, broadcast media, print media, and the Internet—had on adults' science interestvalues and cognitive predispositions. Over 3,000 adults were sampled in three U.S. metropolitan areas: Los Angeles, California, Phoenix, Arizona, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. To minimize potential sampling bias, the results were weighted by current U.S. Census data to be comparable to demographics from each of the three jurisdictions. Participants were asked to self‐report their current and early adolescent usage of these five science‐related resources, the quality of their experiences with each, and their current abilities, values, and cognitive predispositions relative to science. Data showed that overall, a broad cross‐section of adults living in these cities engaged in a wide array of science‐related activities and that large majorities did so frequently. Nearly two‐thirds of all respondents self‐reported currently participating in some kind of science‐related activity every week and nearly half doing so daily. Results suggested that having frequent; positive science‐related experiences in‐ and out‐of‐school, both early and later in life, correlated with having a strong interest in and positive perception of science as an adult. Although a diversity of positive science‐related experiences correlated with current adult science interest values and cognitive predispositions, only five factors uniquely and significantly predicted adult science interest, values, and cognitive predispositions in the multivariate models: (a) early adolescent experiences visiting a science center, (b) early adolescent experiences watching science‐related television, (c) adult visits to a science center, (d) adults reading books and magazines about science, and (e) adults using the internet to learn more about science. Discussed are issues of self‐selection, quality of experiences, and the complex and synergistic nature of the science learning ecosystem.
Automated cross-sectional shape recovery of 3D branching structures from point cloud
Authors: Kresslein Jacob , Haghighi Payam , Park Jaejong , Ramnath Satchit , Sutradhar Alok , Shah Jami J.
Published: November 2017

Many applications rely on scanned data, which can come from a variety of sources: optical scanners, coordinate measuring machines, or medical imaging. We assume that the data input to these applications is an unorganized point cloud or mesh of vertices. The objective may be to find particular features (medical diagnostics or reverse engineering) or comparison to some reference geometry (e.g. dimensional metrology). This paper focuses on the feature fitting of a segmented point cloud, specifically for branched, organic structures or structural frames, and targets non-monolithic geometries. In this paper, a methodology is presented for the automated recovery of cross-sectional shapes using centrally located curves. We assume a triangulated surface mesh is generated from the scanned point cloud. This surface mesh is the starting point for our methodology. We then find the curve skeleton of the part which abstractly describes the global geometry and topology. Next after segmenting the curve skeleton into non-branching segments, orthogonal planes to the curve skeleton segments, at preset or adaptive intervals, make slices through the surface mesh edges. The intersection points are extracted creating a 2D point cloud of the cross section. A number of application specific post-processing operations can be performed after obtaining the 2D point cloud cross sections and the curve skeleton paths including: calculations such as area or area moments of inertia, feature fitting or recognition, and digital shape reconstruction. Case studies are presented to demonstrate capabilities and limitations, and to provide insight into appropriate uses and adaptations for the presented methodology.

Highlights Automated cross-sectional extraction for branching structures is presented. Methodology utilized skeletonization of object as reference for sampling planes. Surface mesh is sliced to extract a 2D point cloud. Filter algorithm for exclusion of peripheral slicing is presented. Several case studies demonstrate capabilities and limitations of the method.
Coupled flight dynamics and CFD – demonstration for helicopters in shipborne environment
Authors: Crozon C. , Steijl R. , Barakos G.N.
Published: November 2017

The development of high-performance computing and computational fluid dynamics methods have evolved to the point where it is possible to simulate complete helicopter configurations with good accuracy. Computational fluid dynamics methods have also been applied to problems such as rotor/fuselage and main/tail rotor interactions, performance studies in hover and forward flight, rotor design, and so on. The GOAHEAD project is a good example of a coordinated effort to validate computational fluid dynamics for complex helicopter configurations. Nevertheless, current efforts are limited to steady flight and focus mainly on expanding the edges of the flight envelope. The present work tackles the problem of simulating manoeuvring flight in a computational fluid dynamics environment by integrating a moving grid method and the helicopter flight mechanics solver with computational fluid dynamics. After a discussion of previous works carried out on the subject and a description of the methods used, validation of the computational fluid dynamics for ship airwake flow and rotorcraft flight at low advance ratio are presented. Finally, the results obtained for manoeuvring flight cases are presented and discussed.
Estimating perimeter using graph cuts
Authors: García Trillos Nicolás , Slepčev Dejan , von Brecht James
Published: November 2017

We investigate the estimation of the perimeter of a set by a graph cut of a random geometric graph. For Ω ⊆D= (0, 1)dwithd≥ 2, we are givennrandom independent and identically distributed points onDwhose membership in Ω is known. We consider the sample as a random geometric graph with connection distance ε > 0. We estimate the perimeter of Ω (relative toD) by the, appropriately rescaled, graph cut between the vertices in Ω and the vertices inD∖ Ω. We obtain bias and variance estimates on the error, which are optimal in scaling with respect tonand ε. We consider two scaling regimes: the dense (when the average degree of the vertices goes to ∞) and the sparse one (when the degree goes to 0). In the dense regime, there is a crossover in the nature of the approximation at dimensiond= 5: we show that in low dimensionsd= 2, 3, 4 one can obtain confidence intervals for the approximation error, while in higher dimensions one can obtain only error estimates for testing the hypothesis that the perimeter is less than a given number.
Uniform convergence over time of a nested particle filtering scheme for recursive parameter estimation in state-space Markov models
Authors: Crisan Dan , Míguez Joaquín
Published: November 2017

We analyse the performance of a recursive Monte Carlo method for the Bayesian estimation of the static parameters of a discrete-time state-space Markov model. The algorithm employs two layers of particle filters to approximate the posterior probability distribution of the model parameters. In particular, the first layer yields an empirical distribution of samples on the parameter space, while the filters in the second layer are auxiliary devices to approximate the (analytically intractable) likelihood of the parameters. This approach relates the novel algorithm to the recent sequential Monte Carlo square method, which provides anonrecursivesolution to the same problem. In this paper we investigate the approximation of integrals of real bounded functions with respect to the posterior distribution of the system parameters. Under assumptions related to the compactness of the parameter support and the stability and continuity of the sequence of posterior distributions for the state-space model, we prove that theLpnorms of the approximation errors vanish asymptotically (as the number of Monte Carlo samples generated by the algorithm increases) and uniformly over time. We also prove that, under the same assumptions, the proposed scheme can asymptotically identify the parameter values for a class of models. We conclude the paper with a numerical example that illustrates the uniform convergence results by exploring the accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithm operating with long sequences of observations.
Fluid limit for the Poisson encounter-mating model
Authors: Gün Onur , Yilmaz Atilla
Published: November 2017

Stochastic encounter-mating (SEM) models describe monogamous permanent pair formation in finite zoological populations of multitype females and males. In this paper we study SEM models with Poisson firing times. First, we prove that the model enjoys a fluid limit as the population size diverges, that is, the stochastic dynamics converges to a deterministic system governed by coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then we convert these ODEs to the well-known Lotka–Volterra and replicator equations from population dynamics. Next, under the so-called fine balance condition which characterizes panmixia, we solve the corresponding replicator equations and give an exact expression for the fluid limit. Finally, we consider the case with two types of female and male. Without the fine balance assumption, but under certain symmetry conditions, we give an explicit formula for the limiting mating pattern, and then use it to characterize assortative mating.
Asymptotic failure rates for a general class of frailty models
Authors: Gupta Ramesh C. , Bradley David M.
Published: November 2017

We elucidate the long-term behavior of failure rates for a broad class of frailty models in survival analysis. The class properly includes the proportional hazard frailty model, the additive frailty model, and the accelerated failure time frailty model. A complete asymptotic expansion is derived and compared with the corresponding result for the limiting behavior obtained by Finkelstein and Esaulova (2006a). Several examples are provided to facilitate the comparison and to illustrate both the applicability and the limitations of our approach.
The effect of compaction of a porous material confiner on detonation propagation
Authors: Short Mark , Quirk James J.
Published: November 2017

The fluid mechanics of the interaction between a porous material confiner and a steady propagating high explosive (HE) detonation in a two-dimensional slab geometry is investigated through analytical oblique wave polar analysis and multi-material numerical simulation. Two HE models are considered, broadly representing the properties of either a high- or low-detonation-speed HE, which permits studies of detonation propagating at speeds faster or slower than the confiner sound speed. The HE detonation is responsible for driving the compaction front in the confiner, while, in turn, the high material density generated in the confiner as a result of the compaction process can provide a strong confinement effect on the HE detonation structure. Polar solutions that describe the local flow interaction of the oblique HE detonation shock and equilibrium state behind an oblique compaction wave with rapid compaction relaxation rates are studied for varying initial solid volume fractions of the porous confiner. Multi-material numerical simulations are conducted to study the effect of detonation wave driven compaction in the porous confiner on both the detonation propagation speed and detonation driving zone structure. We perform a parametric study to establish how detonation confinement is influenced both by the initial solid volume fraction of the porous confiner and by the time scale of the dynamic compaction relaxation process relative to the detonation reaction time scale, for both the high- and low-detonation-speed HE models. The compaction relaxation time scale is found to have a significant influence on the confinement dynamics, with slower compaction relaxation time scales resulting in more strongly confined detonations and increased detonation speeds. The dynamics of detonation confinement by porous materials when the detonation is propagating either faster or slower than the confiner sound speed is found to be significantly different from that with solid material confiners.
Two-dimensional gravity–capillary solitary waves on deep water: generation and transverse instability
Authors: Park Beomchan , Cho Yeunwoo
Published: November 2017

Two-dimensional (2-D) gravity–capillary solitary waves are generated using a moving pressure jet from a 2-D narrow slit as a forcing onto the surface of deep water. The forcing moves horizontally over the surface of the deep water at speeds close to the minimum phase speed $c_{min}=23~\text{cm}~\text{s}^{-1}$. Four different states are observed according to the forcing speed. At relatively low speeds below $c_{min}$, small-amplitude depressions are observed and they move steadily just below the moving forcing. As the forcing speed increases towards $c_{min}$, nonlinear 2-D gravity–capillary solitary waves are observed, and they move steadily behind the moving forcing. When the forcing speed is very close to $c_{min}$, periodic shedding of a 2-D local depression is observed behind the moving forcing. Finally, at relatively high speeds above $c_{min}$, a pair of short and long linear waves is observed, respectively ahead of and behind the moving forcing. In addition, we observe the transverse instability of free 2-D gravity–capillary solitary waves and, further, the resultant formation of three-dimensional gravity–capillary solitary waves. These experimental observations are compared with numerical results based on a model equation that admits gravity–capillary solitary wave solutions near $c_{min}$. They agree with each other very well. In particular, based on a linear stability analysis, we give a theoretical proof for the transverse instability of the 2-D gravity–capillary solitary waves on deep water.