bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The nanoscale control of disorder-to-order layer-stacking boosts multiferroic responses in an Aurivillius-type layered oxide
Authors: Sun Shujie , Li Yuan , Yin Xiaofeng , Liu Changhui , Li Xiaoning , Ti Ruixia , Fang Liang , Zhang Tianfu , Peng Ranran , Lu Yalin
Published: March 2021

A layer structure with local disorder generated via mixed-layer stacking and slipped Bi2O2-layer defects can induce novel features and excellent performance.
Intense UV long persistent luminescence benefiting from the coexistence of Pr3+/Pr4+ in a praseodymium-doped BaLu2Al2Ga2SiO12 phosphor
Authors: Yuan Weihong , Tan Tao , Wu Haiyan , Pang Ran , Zhang Su , Jiang Lihong , Li Da , Wu Zhijian , Li Chengyu , Zhang Hongjie
Published: March 2021

A novel UV-activated long persistent luminescence phosphor BaLu2Al2Ga2SiO12:Pr3+ with strong UV afterglow emissions has been synthesized and systematically investigated.
Resilient fuzzy control design of singular stochastic biological economic fishery model
Authors: Susana Ramya L. , Leelamani A.
Published: March 2021

This research paper focusses on designing a resilient fuzzy controller for a kind of singular stochastic biological economic fishery model with a variable economic profit. Initially, the singular stochastic biological economic fishery model is formulated as T‐S fuzzy singular systems. By using the ideas of continuous frequency distribution and Lyapunov approach, a fresh collection of linear matrix inequalities is developed which are sufficient to establish the asymptotic stability of the singular biological economic fishery model. Later these conditions are extended to obtain some novel sufficient finite‐time stability conditions for the addressed model. The ultimate objective of this research paper is to develop a more generalized version of the resilient controller against nonlinear actuator faults such that it makes the considered system stable within a finite interval of time. Moreover, the developed conditions are based on the solutions of LMIs which provides maximal estimation of region of attraction. Conclusively, simulation results are provided to embellish the usefulness of the obtained control design.
Sewing gesture image detection method based on improved SSD model
Authors: Wang Wenjie , He Mengling , Wang Xiaohua , Yao Weiming
Published: March 2021

In this letter, the authors present a novel sewing gesture image detection method based on an improved single shot MultiBox detector (SSD) model. The deeper Resnet50 residual network replaces the VGG16 basic network of the original SSD model to improve the feature extraction ability. High and low level features are fused based on a feature pyramid network (FPN) for enhanced small‐target detection performance. The model is trained via transfer learning to resolve the small sample shortage problem. The proposed model shows an average precision of 88.69% on a sewing gesture data set constructed by the authors. The proposed model outperforms the Faster R‐CNN, YOLO, and SSD networks in terms of accuracy with acceptable operating speed on the same data set and fully satisfies the real‐time requirements for sewing gesture detection.
Remote sensing target tracking in satellite videos based on a variable‐angle‐adaptive Siamese network
Authors: Bi Fukun , Sun Jiayi , Han Jianhong , Wang Yanping , Bian Mingming
Published: March 2021

Remote sensing target tracking in satellite videos plays a key role in various fields. However, due to the complex backgrounds of satellite video sequences and many rotation changes of highly dynamic targets, typical target tracking methods for natural scenes cannot be used directly for such tasks, and their robustness and accuracy are difficult to guarantee. To address these problems, an algorithm is proposed for remote sensing target tracking in satellite videos based on a variable‐angle‐adaptive Siamese network (VAASN). Specifically, the method is based on the fully convolutional Siamese network (Siamese‐FC). First, for the feature extraction stage, to reduce the impact of complex backgrounds, we present a new multifrequency feature representation method and introduce the octave convolution (OctConv) into the AlexNet architecture to adapt to the new feature representation. Then, for the tracking stage, to adapt to changes in target rotation, a variable‐angle‐adaptive module that uses a fast text detector with a single deep neural network (TextBoxes++) is introduced to extract angle information from the template frame and detection frames and performs angle consistency update operations on the detection frames. Finally, qualitative and quantitative experiments using satellite datasets show that the proposed method can improve tracking accuracy while achieving high efficiency.
A two‐step abnormal data analysis and processing method for millimetre‐wave radar in traffic flow detection applications
Authors: Liu Haiqing , Teng Kunmin , Rai Laxmisha , Zhang Yu , Wang Shengli
Published: March 2021

In a new application scenario where the millimetre‐wave radar is installed above the road for detecting traffic flow in downward looking direction, the original data of the radar includes all kinds of background noises and false targets. In order to acquire effective vehicle trajectories, a two‐step abnormal data processing method for millimetre‐wave radar in traffic flow detection application is proposed. In the first step, the rational range of distance, angle and speed are studied, and proper thresholds are presented for reducing the samples of which the single parameter is with the obvious abnormality. Moreover, the nearest neighbour analysis method is used to further extract vehicle trajectories based on the similarity and slope characteristics of each sample to its neighbours. Taking actual detected data as samples, the weighting coefficients, similarity threshold, average slope threshold and standard deviation threshold are calibrated for the proposed nearest neighbour analysis method. The two‐step processing method presents a higher performance in extracting effective trajectory samples, and the ratio of noise points is reduced to 4.1%, compared with 239.9% in the original data sample. The proposed method can provide an effective reference for further applications, such as driving behaviour analysis and traffic flow parameter identification.
Size‐dependent static bending of anisotropic rectangular nanoplates with cubic crystal structures
Authors: Assadi Abbas , Najaf Hossein , Nazemizadeh Mostafa
Published: March 2021

Here, size‐dependent static bending of anisotropic rectangular nanoplates is investigated based on surface elasticity theory. The governing equations of the nanoplate are derived considering the most common boundary conditions in MEMS/NEMS. To solve the derived equations, the generalized differential quadrature method is used and the results are verified with experimental ones due to similarities of the results for cantilever nanoplates and nanobeams. Also, several simulations are performed considering fully clamped, two edges clamped, and cantilever boundary conditions for the mostly used anisotropic materials with face‐centred cubic and body‐centred cubic crystal structures. The obtained results indicate that the static bending behaviour of the nanoplate extremely depends on material anisotropy and orientation, surface effects, and boundary conditions. Moreover, the results are comprehensively discussed for changing the geometrical aspect ratio of the nanoplate.
N‐1 security‐constrained coordinated scheduling of integrated electricity and natural gas system considering gas dynamics and wind power uncertainty
Authors: Chen Dawei , Wan Can , Song Yonghua , Liu Hui , Wang Fei
Published: March 2021

This paper develops a novel N‐1 security‐constrained coordinated scheduling model of integrated electricity and natural gas system (IEGS) with consideration of gas dynamics and wind power uncertainty. Direct quantile regression method and Monte Carlo simulation are applied to model the uncertainty associated with wind power forecast in scenarios. Then, the bilinear functions of natural gas constraints are transformed to a set of linear constraints based on McCormick envelopes. To integrate gas dynamics with security analysis in IEGS, a linear dynamic gas flow model considering N‐1 contingency of pipeline is established by means of big‐M method and the fully implicit finite difference method. Finally, the proposed stochastic coordinated scheduling problem of IEGS is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming model. Numerical experiments are implemented to verify the superior accuracy of the linear dynamic gas flow model and the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic scheduling model.
A hybrid MFO‐GHNN tuned self‐adaptive FOPID controller for ALFC of renewable energy integrated hybrid power system
Authors: Ramachandran Rajeswari , Satheesh Kumar Jeevitha , Madasamy Balasubramonian , Veerasamy Veerapandiyan
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a hybrid moth flame optimization–generalized Hopfield neural network (MFO‐GHNN) optimized self‐adaptive fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller for automatic load frequency control of multi‐area hybrid power system (HPS). The control problem is formulated with an objective function of area control error associated with unknown parameters such as Kp, Ki, Kd, λ and μ of FOPID controller. The fractional order of differentiator and integrator terms, and the initial values of Kp, Ki and Kd, are drawn from MFO algorithm. Then, the Kp, Ki and Kd are fine‐tuned by solving the dynamic equations governing the behaviour of GHNN under system uncertainties. To test the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed controller, the multi‐area HPS is studied with uncertain change in load demand, system parameters, solar and wind power generation. The proposed method is modelled using MATLAB/Simulink. The results showed that the steady state and transient performance indices of proposed FOPID controller are significantly enhanced than the PID, MFO‐FOPID and GHNN‐PID controllers. In addition, the stability of non‐linear dynamic HPS is analysed using Matignon's theorem of stability. Further, the performance of controller is validated using real time digital simulator run in hardware‐in‐the loop environment.
Steady‐state model of DFIG‐based wind power plant for load flow analysis
Authors: Gianto Rudy
Published: March 2021

The steady‐state models of electric power system components are crucial for the analysis of system load flow or preliminary study of the system stability. At present, penetration of wind power plant (WPP) in power system continues to increase, and its modelling development and investigation is also still a very active research area. This paper proposes a simple technique for modelling doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based WPP to be used in power system steady‐state (i.e. load flow) studies. In the proposed method, derivation of the WPP mathematical model is carried out based only on power formulations of the WPP, namely, DFIG power output and turbine mechanical power input formulas. Detailed power converter modelling, which is usually quite complicated, is not required in the proposed method. Case studies are also presented in this paper where the proposed model is applied to a simple system as well as to multi‐bus systems. In the studies, the model is tested for various wind speeds ranging from 5 to 12 m/s. With these wind speeds, it is found that power outputs of the WPP vary around 0.1 to 2.1 MW. This result also indicates that the proposed DFIG model is valid both for sub‐synchronous and super‐synchronous conditions.
Parameter estimation of frequency shift keying radar signal intercepted by Nyquist folding receiver using periodic linear frequency modulation local oscillator
Authors: Qiu Zhaoyang , Wang Pei , Sun Minhong , Teng Xuyang , Su Mingkun , Zhang Liangliang
Published: March 2021

Frequency shift keying (FSK) signal has been widely used in modern radar systems. To intercept the FSK radar signal with a high interception probability, radar reconnaissance receiver should have an ultra‐wideband receiving ability. The Nyquist folding receiver (NYFR) is a novel non‐cooperative ultra‐wideband receiver and it requires a small amount of equipment. When the FSK radar signal is intercepted by the NYFR, the corresponding output is a hybrid modulation signal. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the parameter estimation of FSK radar signal intercepted by the NYFR. Herein, based on the NYFR using sinusoidal frequency modulation local oscillator (LO), the drawbacks of several existing parameter estimation methods are first analysed. To overcome these drawbacks, the NYFR architecture is improved by changing the LO modulation type to periodic linear frequency modulation. Then, based on the improved NYFR, a novel parameter estimation approach is proposed according to the LO modulation characteristics and the template matching rule. The proposed method is suitable for different kinds of common FSK radar signal code schemes and its computational load is low. At last, several simulation results show the merits of the proposed method.
COMMA: A new LoRaWAN communication optimisation mechanism for mobility adaptation of IoT
Authors: Picard Alexis , Lapayre Jean‐Christophe , Hanna Fouad , Muthada Pottayya Ronnie
Published: March 2021

Communication protocols for the Internet of Things (IoT) have been optimised to meet the specific requirements of this fast‐growing domain. They have been adapted mainly to optimise power consumption, maximise coverage area and facilitate their implementation. One of these protocols is LoRaWAN, which uses the ADR algorithm (Adaptive Data Rate) and aims to reduce power consumption by reducing data rate and transmission power. The ADR algorithm has been specifically optimised for static systems, that is, systems where devices do not move or have limited mobility. In this article, we introduce COMMA (Communication Optimisation Mechanism for Mobility Adaptation), an adaptive data rate mechanism optimised for everyday mobility of devices and people. We use COMMA in telemedicine, our area of expertise, to develop a medical remote‐monitoring platform for mobile patients suffering from chronic diseases.
The role of planetary interior in the long-term evolution of atmospheric CO2on Earth-like exoplanets
Authors: Oosterloo M. , Höning D. , Kamp I. E. E. , van der Tak F. F. S.
Published: March 2021

Context.The long-term carbonate silicate cycle plays an important role in the evolution of Earth’s climate and, therefore, may also be an important mechanism in the evolution of the climates of Earth-like exoplanets. However, given the large diversity in the possible interiors for Earth-like exoplanets, the ensuing evolution of the atmospheric CO2pressure may be widely different.

Aims.We assess the role of the thermal evolution of the planetary interior on the long-term carbon cycle of Earth-like exoplanets. In particular, we investigate the effects of radiogenic mantle heating, core size, and planetary mass on the atmospheric partial CO2pressure, and the ability of a long-term carbon cycle driven by plate tectonics to control the atmospheric CO2pressure.

Methods.We developed a box-model which connects carbon cycling to parametrized mantle convection. Processes considered in the carbon cycle are temperature-dependent continental weathering, seafloor weathering, subduction, and degassing through ridge and arc volcanism. The carbon cycle was coupled to the thermal evolution via the plate speed, which was parametrized in terms of the global Rayleigh number.

Results.We find decreasing atmospheric CO2pressure with time, up to an order of magnitude over the entire main sequence lifetime of a solar-type star. High abundances of radioactive isotopes allow for more efficient mantle degassing, resulting in higher CO2pressures. Within the spread of abundances found in solar-type stars, atmospheric CO2pressures at 4.5 Gyr were found to vary from 14 Pa to 134 Pa. We find a decreasing Rayleigh number and plate speed toward planets with larger core mass fractionsfc, which leads to reduced degassing and lower atmospheric CO2pressure. In particular forfc≳ 0.8, a rapid decrease of these quantities is found. Variations in planet mass have more moderate effects. However, more massive planets may favor the development of more CO2rich atmospheres due to hotter interiors.

Conclusions.The dependence of plate tectonics on mantle cooling has a significant effect on the long-term evolution of the atmospheric CO2pressure. Carbon cycling mediated by plate tectonics is efficient in regulating planetary climates for a wide range of mantle radioactive isotope abundances, planet masses and core sizes. More efficient carbon cycling on planets with a high mantle abundance of thorium or uranium highlights the importance of mapping the abundances of these elements in host stars of potentially habitable exoplanets. Inefficient carbon recycling on planets with a large core mass fraction (≳0.8) emphasizes the importance of precise mass-radius measurements of Earth-sized exoplanets.
Stochastic light variations in hot stars from wind instability: finding photometric signatures and testing against the TESS data
Authors: Krtička J. , Feldmeier A.
Published: March 2021

Context. Line-driven wind instability is expected to cause small-scale wind inhomogeneities, X-ray emission, and wind line profile variability. The instability can already develop around the sonic point if it is initiated close to the photosphere due to stochastic turbulent motions. In such cases, it may leave its imprint on the light curve as a result of wind blanketing.

Aims. We study the photometric signatures of the line-driven wind instability.

Methods. We used line-driven wind instability simulations to determine the wind variability close to the star. We applied two types of boundary perturbations: a sinusoidal one that enables us to study in detail the development of the instability and a stochastic one given by a Langevin process that provides a more realistic boundary perturbation. We estimated the photometric variability from the resulting mass-flux variations. The variability was simulated assuming that the wind consists of a large number of independent conical wind sectors. We compared the simulated light curves with TESS light curves of OB stars that show stochastic variability.

Results. We find two typical signatures of line-driven wind instability in photometric data: a knee in the power spectrum of magnitude fluctuations, which appears due to engulfment of small-scale structure by larger structures, and a negative skewness of the distribution of fluctuations, which is the result of spatial dominance of rarefied regions. These features endure even when combining the light curves from independent wind sectors.

Conclusions. The stochastic photometric variability of OB stars bears certain signatures of the line-driven wind instability. The distribution function of observed photometric data shows negative skewness and the power spectra of a fraction of light curves exhibit a knee. This can be explained as a result of the line-driven wind instability triggered by stochastic base perturbations.
Validation of the accuracy and precision ofGaiaEDR3 parallaxes with globular clusters
Authors: Maíz Apellániz J. , Pantaleoni González M. , Barbá R. H.
Published: March 2021

Context.The recent early third data release (EDR3) from theGaiamission has produced parallaxes for 1.468 × 109sources with better quality than those reported in the previous data release. Nevertheless, there are calibration issues with the data that require corrections to the published values and uncertainties.

Aims.We want to properly characterize the behavior of the random and systematic uncertainties of theGaiaEDR3 parallaxes in order to maximize the precision of the derived distances without compromising their accuracy. We also aim to provide a step-by-step procedure for the calculation of distances to stars and stellar clusters when using these parallaxes.

Methods.We reanalyzed some of the data presented in the calibration papers for quasar and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) parallaxes and combine these results with measurements for six bright globular clusters. We calculated the angular covariance of EDR3 parallaxes at small separations (up to a few degrees) based on the LMC results and combined it with the results for larger angles using quasars to obtain an approximate analytical formula for the angular covariance over the whole sky. The results for the six globular clusters were used to validate the parallax bias correction as a function of magnitude, color, and ecliptic latitude and to determine the multiplicative constantkused to convert internal uncertainties to external ones.

Results.The angular covariance at zero separation is estimated to be 106 μas2, yielding a minimum (systematic) uncertainty for EDR3 parallaxes of 10.3 μas for individual stars or compact stellar clusters. This value can be slightly reduced for globular clusters that span ≳30′ after considering the behavior of the angular covariance of the parallaxes for small separations. A recent parallax bias correction is found to work quite well, except perhaps for the brighter magnitudes, where improvements may be possible. The value ofkis found to be 1.1–1.7 and to depend onG. We find that stars with moderately large values of the renormalized unit weight error can still provide useful parallaxes, albeit with larger values ofk. We give accurate and preciseGaiaEDR3 distances to the six globular clusters, and for the specific case of 47 Tuc we are able to beat the angular covariance limit through the use of the background Small Magellanic Cloud as a reference and derive a high-precision distance of 4.53 ± 0.06 kpc. Finally, a recipe for the derivation of distances to stars and stellar clusters usingGaiaEDR3 parallaxes is given.
The variable absorption in the X-ray spectrum of GRB 190114C
Authors: Campana Sergio , Lazzati Davide , Perna Rosalba , Grazia Bernardini Maria , Nava Lara
Published: March 2021

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 190114C was a bright burst that occurred in the local Universe (z = 0.425). It was the first GRB ever detected at teraelectronvolt (TeV) energies, and this was thanks to MAGIC. We characterize the ambient medium properties of the host galaxy through the study of the absorbing X-ray column density. Using a combination of Swift, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR observations, we find that the GRB X-ray spectrum is characterized by a high column density that is well in excess of the expected Milky Way value and decreases, by a factor of ∼2, around ∼105 s. Such a variability is not common in GRBs. The most straightforward interpretation of the variability in terms of the photoionization of the ambient medium is not able to account for the decrease at such late times, when the source flux is less intense. Instead, we interpret the decrease as due to a clumped absorber, denser along the line of sight and surrounded by lower-density gas. After the detection at TeV energies of GRB 190114C, two other GRBs were promptly detected. These two also have high intrinsic column density values, and there are hints for a decrease in their column densities as well. We speculate that a high local column density might be a common ingredient of TeV-detected GRBs.
Research on fuzzy control charts for fuzzy multilevel quality characteristics
Authors: Zhou Juan , Huang Yuhang , Wu Zonghuan
Published: March 2021

Fuzzy control charts are proposed to solve the problem that traditional control charts cannot be applied to fuzzy quality characteristics. First, fuzzy quality characteristics are converted to representative statistics, which are fuzzy mode transformation, fuzzy level midrange transformation and fuzzy level median transformation. Control charts are designed based on the Poisson distribution. Second, the effects of the different statistics are analysed. Direct Fuzzy Control Charts are designed to avoid some information omission when translating fuzzy quality characteristics into representative statistics. The area ratio that falls within the control limits is used to conclude whether the process is relative out of control or in control. The performance of the control charts is analysed by MATLAB simulation. Finally, an example of an energy metre assembly is given to prove the proposed method.
Remote Monitoring of Heart Patients Using Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
Authors: Shwetha R , Kirubanand V B
Published: March 2021

After the age of 60 years or older many people are diagnosed with heart related issues to follow up older patients, bedridden, who needs maximum care at their homes implementation of phone monitoring becomes necessary. According to study many heart patients are supposed to have a regular check up to keep a track on their physiological data. Health care is a ground that is rapidly developing in services and technology. A recent development in this region is remote monitoring of patients which has many benefits in a fast-aging world population with increasing health complications. Sensors are used to monitor essentials or vital requirements such as heartbeat, blood pressure, temperature, blood glucose level and many more. Remote monitoring varies for every age group and every aspect. During pandemic times its difficult for many of them to move around, thus remote monitoring of patients helps to have a safer and efficient way to monitor them and also saves time. These new technologies can make a contact-less and monitor illness based on the sensor values. To make remote monitoring more efficient automation places a vital role. In health sector, to make any process automated RPA (Robotic process automation) is used. Using the established application software robots automate the process originally performed by human beings. This paper focuses on easy way to monitor patients who are in a distant place, have a regular check-up without visiting the doctor regularly and in case of emergency contact the doctor within no time.
Survey on Template Engines in Java
Authors: Mittapalli Jishnu Saurav , Arthur Menaka Pushpa
Published: March 2021

In today’s fast paced world every minute is very important. In the corporate world and also otherwise Documentation is very important for various purposes like version control, proofs, consent, copyrights and expectations and outcomes/reports. So, because of these reasons template engines have become very important and extremely necessary for the world. Template engines are basically software that help us create result documents from data models and templates by combining them. This paper presents a survey on the newest development of research work on template engines for java, along with an in-depth outline of its research. To the best of what developments have been achieved till now, this survey paper has been written. Finally, the differences, advantages and disadvantages of the various template engines for java, have been tabulated as a part of the results.
Charter Authenticated Anti-Theft Secure Motor System
Authors: Sharmila P , Dev Brindha , Akshaya  , Dhanvarsha D , Pavai A
Published: March 2021

The prominent mode of transportation being used by the public is roadways. Increased usage of roadways may lead to many accidents and thefts. The major reason is violation of rules drafted for driving and causing accidents mainly by the youngsters who does not have a proper knowledge and license. So this proposed system has some restrictions to follow the rules drafted for driving and for higher safe and security, the License is scanned by means of NFC tag. When it is read by the NFC reader, Node MCU provides two-way authentication facility by sending an SMS to both the owner for authorization and the authorized current user would be able to control our vehicle by means of switching on and off the engine. The owner authorizes the user for a particular time period by using real time clock module. Without authorizing the license, the engine cannot have turned on. So, in this case license become mandatory to drive the vehicle. The features of the application to control the vehicle through the attached device. This will help a person to control the vehicle from anywhere. If a robber tries to snip the vehicle, immediately the Micro-Electromechanical System sends a signal to the controller and will be notified by a text message. Any violation to unlock the vehicle, emergency alert will send to owner as well as the current user and alarm blows out to seek the attention. This device can setup both in two-wheeler and four-wheeler.
Effective prediction on music therapy using hybrid SVM-ANN approach
Authors: Devendran K , Thangarasu S K , Keerthika P , Manjula Devi R , Ponnarasee B K
Published: March 2021

In this world, people are moving with lightning speed. Stress has become a usual thing we experience in our day to day routine. Some factors like work tension, emotional obstacles, brutality, etc lead to stress. Many health issues like headaches, heart problems, depression, etc and psychological issues arise in human beings due to stress. Music therapy gives qualitative results in balancing the physical and psychological issues. Music therapy is an expressive type of art therapy. There are many beneficial effects achieved through music therapy like relaxation, maintain blood pressure level, cure on medical disorders, stability in mood, and improve memory and sleep. Here we aimed to establish the main predictive factors of music listening’s relaxation and the prediction of music for music therapy using various machine learning algorithms such as Decision tree, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and hybrid of SVM ANN algorithm. The accuracy of these different methods is critically examined with the help of the accuracy performance metric. Various factors like age, gender, education level, music choice, visual analog scale score before and after listening to music for both individual and therapist suggestions on music are considered for prediction. Our study revealed that SVM-ANN hybrid classifier performance is much better than other machine learning algorithms.
Memory Utilization and Machine Learning Techniques for Compiler Optimization
Authors: Shreyas Madhav A V , Singaravel Siddarth , Karmel A
Published: March 2021

Compiler optimization techniques allow developers to achieve peak performance with low-cost hardware and are of prime importance in the field of efficient computing strategies. The realm of compiler suites that possess and apply efficient optimization methods provide a wide array of beneficial attributes that help programs execute efficiently with low execution time and minimal memory utilization. Different compilers provide a certain degree of optimization possibilities and applying the appropriate optimization strategies to complex programs can have a significant impact on the overall performance of the system. This paper discusses methods of compiler optimization and covers significant advances in compiler optimization techniques that have been established over the years. This article aims to provide an overall survey of the cache optimization methods, multi memory allocation features and explore the scope of machine learning in compiler optimization to attain a sustainable computing experience for the developer and user.
Impact of real-time use of artificial intelligence in improving adenoma detection during colonoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ashat Munish , Klair Jagpal Singh , Singh Dhruv , Murali Arvind Rangarajan , Krishnamoorthi Rajesh
Published: March 2021

Background and study aims With the advent of deep neural networks (DNN) learning, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly evolving. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCT) have investigated the influence of integrating AI in colonoscopy and its impact on adenoma detection rates (ADRs) and polyp detection rates (PDRs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to reliably assess if the impact is statistically significant enough to warrant the adoption of AI -assisted colonoscopy (AIAC) in clinical practice.

Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases and conference proceedings to identify RCTs that compared outcomes between AIAC and conventional colonoscopy (CC). The primary outcome was ADR. The secondary outcomes were PDR and total withdrawal time (WT).

Results Six RCTs (comparing AIAC vs CC) with 5058 individuals undergoing average-risk screening colonoscopy were included in the meta-analysis. ADR was significantly higher with AIAC compared to CC (33.7 % versus 22.9 %; odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.55–2.00; I2 = 28 %). Similarly, PDR was significantly higher with AIAC (45.6 % versus 30.6 %; OR 1.90, 95 %CI, 1.68–2.15, I2 = 0 %). The overall WT was higher for AIAC compared to CC (mean difference [MD] 0.46 (0.00–0.92) minutes, I2 = 94 %).

Conclusions There is an increase in adenoma and polyp detection with the utilization of AIAC.
Update der AWMF-S2k-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Begutachtung asbestbedingter Erkrankungen“ – Was gibt es Neues?
Authors: Kraus T. , Teschler H.
Published: March 2021

Die S2k-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Begutachtung asbestbedingter Erkrankungen“ wurde im November 2020 aktualisiert. Dieser Beitrag fasst die wichtigsten Änderungen zusammen. Neu ist der Hinweis auf das Risiko einer potenziell hohen Exposition gegenüber Asbestfasern bei der Sanierung von asbesthaltigem Putz, Spachtelmassen und Klebern. Biomarker wie Mesothelin und Calretinin sollen aktuell nur im Rahmen der Forschung eingesetzt werden. Die „asbestos airways disease“, die nur histologisch diagnostiziert werden kann, wird als frühe Form der Asbestose in die Leitlinie aufgenommen. Da das UIP-Muster nicht charakteristisch ist für eine Asbestose, können computertomografische Fälle mit UIP-Muster ohne den gleichzeitigen Nachweis von Pleuraplaques alleine nicht sicher einer Asbestose zugeordnet werden. Bezüglich der Bewertung des funktionellen Schadens wird auf die große Bedeutung von Flussvolumenkurve, Ganzkörperplethysmografie, Diffusionskapazität und Belastungstests hingewiesen. Wenn verfügbar, sind die Referenzwerte nach GLI Grundlage der Bewertung. In der Leitlinie finden sich spezifische Hinweise zur Prävention, medizinischen Behandlung und erstmals zum Stellenwert der ambulanten Rehabilitation und Trainingstherapie. Ferner finden sich Hinweise auf die Begutachtung der neue Berufskrankheit Ovarialkarzinom nach beruflicher Asbestexposition.
Lansoprazole a Proton Pump Inhibitor Prevents IBD by Reduction of Oxidative Stress and NO Levels in the Rat
Authors: Gandhi Tejal , Sharma Anish , Vyas Navdha , Gupta Parth , Parikh Mihir , Shah Hital
Published: March 2021

The inflammatory disease’s increased prevalence leads to a major concern around the world. Still, there is a lack of effective and successful therapy in the reversal of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) symptoms. Whereas, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and muddled defense capacity of antioxidants in IBD subjects reported several times. Many proton pump inhibitors have been reported previously for their anti-inflammatory effect. The present study is aimed to assess the ameliorative effect of lansoprazole in experimentally induced IBD in rats. Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into six groups based on their body weight. Lansoprazole (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) served as standard control respectively, given for 18 days once a day. On the 11th day of the study, colitis was induced by intrarectal instillation of 2, 4-Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS), and treatment was continued for the next 7 days. Administration of lansoprazole (at 5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced DAI (Disease Activation Index) and CMDI (Colon Macroscopic Damage Index); which further justifies a reduction in colon inflammation grades, as well as histopathological changes, and reflected by the stalling of body weight. The anti-inflammatory effects were indicated by lowered MPO (myeloperoxidase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) in colon tissue as well as restores colonic NO (nitric oxide) level. The study shows lansoprazole improved DAI and CMDI scores, reduction of neutrophil infiltration, and an improved antioxidant status indicating an anti-ulcerative effect in DNBS-induced experimental colitis that is comparable with 5-ASA treatment.
Endoscopic management of ampullary tumors: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Strijker Marin , Arvanitakis Marianna , Aelvoet Arthur , Arnelo Urban , Beyna Torsten , Busch Olivier , Deprez Pierre H. , Kunovsky Lumir , Larghi Alberto , Manes Gianpiero , Moss Alan , Napoleon Bertrand , Nayar Manu , Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Enrique , Seewald Stefan , Barthet Marc , van Hooft Jeanin E.
Published: March 2021

Main Recommendations

1 ESGE recommends against diagnostic/therapeutic papillectomy when adenoma is not proven.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

2 ESGE recommends endoscopic ultrasound and abdominal magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for staging of ampullary tumors.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

3 ESGE recommends endoscopic papillectomy in patients with ampullary adenoma without intraductal extension, because of good results regarding outcome (technical and clinical success, morbidity, and recurrence).Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

4 ESGE recommends en bloc resection of ampullary adenomas up to 20–30 mm in diameter to achieve R0 resection, for optimizing the complete resection rate, providing optimal histopathology, and reduction of the recurrence rate after endoscopic papillectomy.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

5 ESGE suggests considering surgical treatment of ampullary adenomas when endoscopic resection is not feasible for technical reasons (e. g. diverticulum, size > 4 cm), and in the case of intraductal involvement (of > 20 mm). Surveillance thereafter is still mandatory.

Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.

6 ESGE recommends direct snare resection without submucosal injection for endoscopic papillectomy.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

7 ESGE recommends prophylactic pancreatic duct stenting to reduce the risk of pancreatitis after endoscopic papillectomy.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

8 ESGE recommends long-term monitoring of patients after endoscopic papillectomy or surgical ampullectomy, based on duodenoscopy with biopsies of the scar and of any abnormal area, within the first 3 months, at 6 and 12 months, and thereafter yearly for at least 5 years.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
Gallbladder stone incidence and prevalence in Germany: a population-based study
Authors: Kratzer Wolfgang , Klysik Magdalena , Binzberger Andreas , Schmidberger Julian ,   for the EMIL-Study group
Published: March 2021

Background We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of gallbladder stones in a random population-based collective in Germany.

Methods We determined the prevalence and incidence rates of gallbladder stones in a random population sample of 1909 individuals from the Echinococcus-multilocularis in Leutkirch (EMIL) study in 2002 and 380 individuals in a follow-up analysis in the year 2013. The sonographic analysis was performed with a Philipps HDI 5000 (2002) and IU 22 (2013) (Netherlands) transducer 1–5 MHz. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS Version 9.4.

Results The prevalence of gallbladder stones was 3.8 % (69/1909) in 2002 and 10.8 % (41/380) in 2013. In 2013, the gallbladder stone prevalence was 15.1 % (26/172) in women, compared to 7.2 % (15/208) in men. No gallbladder stones were found in participants in the 18–30 or 31–40 age groups. The average annual incidence was 1.03 % in the 41–50 age group, 0.79 % in the 51–65 age group, and 0.63 % in the > 65 age group. The annual incidence was higher among women (1.04 %) than men (0.53 %). The age-associated annual incidence rates for women and men were 1.93 % and 0.5 % in the 41–50 age group, 0.8 % and 0.78 % in the 51–65 age group, and 1.06 % and 0.30 % in the > 65 age group.

Conclusion For the investigated German collective from 2002 to 2013, the average annual incidence of gallbladder stones was 0.75 %, with a higher incidence rate among women. These results are consistent with data from comparable international studies.
Circulating Myonectin and Irisin Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus – A Case-control Study
Authors: Onat Taylan , Inandiklioglu Nihal
Published: March 2021

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the levels of serum myonectin and irisin in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Method A total of 80 pregnant women participated in our study (which consisted of 40 patients with GDM, 40 participants as the control group). Myonectin and irisin levels were analyzed through the ELISA technique, in addition to metabolic parameters in the serum samples of the participants.

Results It was found that the levels of irisin and myonectin were lower in the GDM group compared to the control group. Moreover, it was determined that the values of age (p<0.001), body mass index (p=0.001), gravida (p=0.001), parity (p = 0.016), fasting serum glucose (p=0.001), fasting serum insulin (p=0.007), postprandial serum glucose (p=0.006), HbA1c (p<0.001), HOMA-IR (p<0.001) were higher; HDL cholesterol (p<0.001) was lower. Insulin resistance was significantly higher in the GDM group.

Conclusions Levels of myonectin and irisin were determined to be low in the GDM group. Our results have demonstrated that myonectin and irisin could play a role in the development of GDM and that irisin as well as myonectin could be a novel biomarker for GDM.
Recent Advancements in Pyrrole Synthesis
Authors: Philkhana Satish Chandra , Badmus Fatimat O. , Dos Reis Isaac C. , Kartika Rendy
Published: March 2021

This review article features selected examples on the synthesis of functionalized pyrroles that were reported between 2014 and 2019. Pyrrole is an important nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle that can be found in numerous compounds of biological and material significance. Given its vast importance, pyrrole continues to be an attractive target for the development of new synthetic reactions. The contents of this article are organized by the starting materials, which can be broadly classified into four different types: substrates bearing π-systems, substrates bearing carbonyl and other polar groups, and substrates bearing heterocyclic motifs. Brief discussions on plausible reaction­ mechanisms for most transformations are also presented.

1 Introduction

2 From π-Systems

2.1 Alkenes

2.2 1,6-Dienes

2.3 Allenes

2.4 Alkynes

2.5 Propargylic Groups

2.6 Homopropargylic Amines

3 From Carbonyl Compounds

3.1 Aldehydes

3.2 Ketones

3.3 Cyanides and Isocyanides

3.4 Formamides

3.5 β-Enamines

3.6 Dicarbonyl Compounds

4 From Polar Compounds

4.1 Aminols

4.2 Diols

4.3 Organonitro Compounds

5 From Heterocycles

5.1 Münchnones

5.2 Isoxazoles

5.3 Carbohydrates

5.4 trans-4-Hydroxy-l-prolines

5.5 Pyrrolines

6 Summary
Diet Quality and Its Effect on Weight Gain Prevention in Young Adults: A Narrative Review
Authors: Martin Julie C. , Moran Lisa J. , Harrison Cheryce L.
Published: March 2021

Global environmental and societal changes have resulted in an increased consumption of energy-dense foods contributing to escalating obesity prevalence, with most rapid weight gain occurring in young adults. Diet is one major modifiable factor contributing to escalating obesity prevalence. Understanding overall diet quality of populations at high risk for weight gain and obesity development, including young adults, provides evidence of dietary intakes, dietary patterns, and associated behaviors, to inform the development of targeted interventions aimed at the prevention of weight gain. This narrative review synthesizes the current evidence of the association between diet quality and weight gain in young adults. Overall, there is a consistent direction of association between improved diet quality and reduced weight gain in adults. This demonstrates the potential of small improvements in diet quality over time as a probable contributor to minimizing weight gain in young adults. Future research evaluating environmental nutrition policies with associated change in diet quality and prospective weight change in population-based studies is warranted to determine their longer-term impact in improving overall diet quality as one strategy to halt escalating obesity prevalence rates.
Three-Dimensional Exoscopic Temporal Bone Resections for Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Raymond Mallory , Soriano Roberto M. , Belcher Ryan , Pradilla Gustavo , Solares C. Arturo
Published: March 2021

Objectives The three-dimensional (3D) exoscope has several advantages over the operative microscope (OM) but has not been extensively reported for its use in malignant temporal bone resections (TBR). We sought to demonstrate the feasibility of performing TBR, both lateral (LTBR) and subtotal (STBR), using the 3D exoscope for head and neck cancers.

Design present study is a retrospective chart review from August 2016 until August 2019.

Setting The study was conducted at a tertiary care center.

Participants Patients were undergoing TBR with the Karl Storz VITOM 3D exoscope.

Main Outcome Measures Demographics, tumor and surgical characteristics, patient outcomes were the primary measurements of this study.

Results Fifty-five patients underwent 3D exoscopic TBR from 2016 through 2019 of which 18% (n = 10) underwent STBR. The 3D exoscope was used uninterruptedly in all procedures with no intraoperative complications. Most tumors were primarily T3 (42%, n = 23) or T4 (55%, n = 30) and of cutaneous (62%, n = 34) and parotid (27%, n = 15) origin. These TBR were often accompanied by infratemporal fossa resections (87%, n = 48), auriculectomies (47%, n = 26), mandibulectomies (53%, n = 29), and parotidectomies (96%, n = 53). On final pathology, 24% (n = 13) had microscopically positive margins. Over the study period, 20% (n = 11) of patients had recurrences with a median recurrence time of 5 months (range: 2–30 months).

Conclusion In the largest case series of LTBR and STBR under exclusive 3D exoscopic visualization to date, we demonstrate the 3D exoscope is a feasible alternative to the operative microscope for LTBR and STBR. While oncologic outcomes remain to be clarified, it carries significant potential for use in complex oncologic procedures.
Is Pulley Reconstruction Better Than Pulley Release for De Quervain's Tenosynovitis? A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Salim Burhan , Ansari Mohammed Tahir , Kumar Venkatesan Sampath , Goyal Ankur , Malhotra Rajesh
Published: March 2021

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the results of surgeries of the De Quervain's disease (DQD) through a randomized control trial.

Materials and Methods We treated 40 cases of De Quervain's tenosynovitis in 2 groups: 20 patients by pulley release method and another 20 patients by pulley reconstruction method. The patients were selected as per the random table number. The clinical data, numeric Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Quick DASH—Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand—score, Mayo Wrist Score, and subluxation of the tendons in dynamic ultrasonography (USG) during wrist hyperflexion and abduction of the thumb test were noted preoperatively and 6 months after the operation. All patient charts were reviewed and data analysis was done after completion of the study.

Results All patients improved after surgery. There was no difference in clinical outcome data, numeric VAS score, Quick DASH Score, and Mayo Wrist Score (p-value > 0.05). There were four patients with tendon subluxation under USG in pulley release group, out of which only one patient was clinically symptomatic. There was no tendon subluxation in pulley reconstruction group. The tendon subluxation between the two groups was not found to be statistically significant (p-value: 0.661).

Conclusion Although, higher numbers of subluxation were found in release group, there was no statistically significant difference in the outcome of the two surgical procedures for DQD. This study is a pilot study, and it may act as the groundwork over which further studies may be performed.

Level of Evidence This is a Level I study.