bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La investigación: Un nudo crítico en la docencia universitaria, reflexiones y complejidades
Authors: Santis-Aguas Evelio Jose
Published: October 2021

Este estudio de carácter cualitativo, tiene como propósito revelar los significados construidos por los docentes de educación superior en Colombia, en particular la Universidad de La Guajira sobre la investigación: Un Nudo Crítico En La Docencia Universitaria. Se elaboró sobre la base del diseño sugerido por Bonilla y Rodríguez (1) y adaptado por Santis (2009). El método elegido dentro de la tradición cualitativa fue el etnográfico apoyado en el fundamento epistemológico de la filosofía fenomenológica, combinado con la técnica de análisis de datos sugerida por Strauss y Corbin (2), la práctica de recogida de datos consistió en 10 entrevistas a docentes universitarios grabadas, transcritas e interpretadas por el investigador, luego contrastada con los informantes dándole continua validez interpretativa y descriptiva a los datos y sus significados. Se agruparon en 4 temas, 11 categorías emergentes y 4 sub categorías con mayor significancia, de acuerdo a la oralidad de los informantes. Se analizaron y fueron integradas en un gráfico que permitió comprender la condición de los docentes universitarios sobre la función de investigación en la docencia universitaria. Se concluye, que los docentes de la Universidad de La Guajira presentan baja productividad investigativa, por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar sus competencias investigativasPalabras clave: Investigación cualitativa, actitud, resistencia al cambio, competencias investigativas, función investigación, docencia universitaria.
MODELING THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT DYNAMICS OF REAL ESTATE PROJECT
Authors: Kramarenko V. , Dolgova N.
Published: October 2021

The article examined the problem of the determination of exogenous factors of investment and real estate projects. During the investigation, were highlighted the construction project external environment factors. The expert external stakeholders' impact analysis was performed on the material resources management process using hierarchy analysis.
Determination of the cause-effect relationship between the main parameters of the project as of the cost of production, price of the dwelling, the rental rate on the housing market, duration of the project, and influence of the interests of external stakeholders was performed by the hierarchy analysis process.
Was solved the multicriteria problem of determining the most significant project parameter and ranking stakeholders according to the degree of influence on the project parameters.
The most crucial parameter in the management of resources of the construction project was determined as the construction cost. The construction prime cost trend availability check was performed by the Foster-Stewart method.
Collection and processing of statistical data have been carried out.
Basing on that data, we conducted building and analysis of the model of multiple regression of construction and installation prime cost of residential property construction, considering exogenous factors.
The exogenous factors were considered as the inferred numerical characteristics of external stakeholders' influence. The resulting regression model parameters analysis revealed exogenous factors with the most significant efficiency impact on resource management. The research defines the necessity of using mathematical apparatus for processing qualitative and quantitative information about the external environment of a real estate object dynamics as a component of information technologies for material resources management at the strategic and operational levels.
USE AND DISPOSAL OF ACIDIC WATER CONDENSATE FROM GAS-FIRED BOILER UNITS
Authors: Fialko N. , Navrodska R. , Gnedash G. , Novakivskii M. , Sbrodova G.
Published: October 2021

During operation in boiler units of modern condensing boilers or modernization of old-style boilers, water condensate is formed due to heat-recovery equipment in the mode of cooling exhaust-gases below the dew point of water vapor. At natural gas is burned in equipment, the range of values of the pH value of the condensate is within the range of 3 ÷ 6. In this connection, the problem arises of the useful use of this condensate or its safe drainage into the sewer network. At useful use, the resulting condensate can be used for the needs of the boiler units (for washing boilers, in chemical water-purification systems) or outside the boiler house (for laundries, greenhouses, swimming pools, etc.). In the case of condensate drainage into the city sewer network, as a rule, its preliminary decarbonization is required. This is a necessary environmental measure and operational standard to protect the sewer network and related equipment, including treatment facilities, from premature wear.
Among the directions of condensate decarbonization known in Ukraine, the most common are:
- decarbonization by degassing by the contact method, which consists in removing CO2 from the heated solution by blowing air in the nozzle layer (ceramic or plastic), through which condensate flows. Degassing occurs due to the instability of the H2CO3 compound, which, when heated, easily decomposes into H2O and CO2;
- chemical decarbonization, by combining carbon dioxide in an insoluble compound with various reagents, which are added to the container using a dispenser;
- decarbonization by passing the condensate through a granular filter containing calcium carbonate, such as marble chips or lime.
Removal of carbonic acid from condensate during filtration in a layer of marble chips is seen as the simplest method of decarbonization of water condensate from those considered. On the basis of this method of decarbonization, the authors propose a technical solution for the developed neutralizer with a description of its design and operating principle.
The paper presents the results of calculated studies of the volumes of formed condensate and an example of its safe use in the case of modernization of a gas-fired water-heating boiler with a nominal thermal power of 1 MW by a heat-recovery system with simple or complex use of heat.
It is shown that when using modern heat-recovery technologies in gas-fired boiler houses, there are different circuit and technical solutions for possible useful use or safe evacuation of acidic condensate formed during the implementation of these technologies. In cases where it is advisable to neutralize this condensate, there are effective methods for its decarbonization and appropriate equipment.
INSTALLATION FOR DETERMINATION OF HEAT RELEASE OF HEATING RADIATORS
Authors: Ivashina Yu. , Zavodyannyi V.
Published: October 2021

To calculate the share of thermal energy consumed by this apartment in an apartment building, it is necessary to determine the heat transfer of all heating radiators in the house. But the heat transfer given in the passport of the heating device corresponds to the temperature pressure equal to 70K. Often the owners install non-standard devices, so the problem of determining the heat transfer of heating radiators in real conditions is relevant. Thermometric method, which is called electric, is widely used for laboratory determination of heat transfer of heating devices. Water by means of the pump circulates through an electric copper and the investigated radiator. The heat output of the latter is defined as the difference between the supplied electrical power (boiler power plus pump) and heat loss. The purpose of the work is to develop and study the operation of the installation for determining the heat transfer of heating radiators, which had a simpler design and could ensure proper measurement accuracy. We have proposed a scheme and design of the installation for determining the heat transfer of electric heating radiators, which differs in that it does not include a circulating pump. Water in the system circulates under the action of gravity due to changes in the density of the coolant during heating and cooling. This greatly simplifies the circuit by eliminating not only the pump but also the valve and the air outlet valve. The heater chamber is made of a steel pipe with a diameter of 88 mm. A steel cover is attached to the lower flange, through which a 1-1.5 kW heater is introduced into the chamber. Two 1/2 ″ sections of pipe are welded to the body of the heater chamber, through which the radiator is connected by means of rubber couplings. The cylindrical surface of the chamber on top of the layer of internal insulation is covered with a shielding heater, the temperature of which is maintained equal to the surface temperature of the heater chamber in the middle part. A layer of external thermal insulation is installed on top of the shielding heater. To determine heat loss, the radiator is disconnected from the heater chamber, plugs are installed and insulated. In stationary mode, the dependence of the heater power on the temperature of the heater chamber is measured, which determines the power of heat losses. The simplification of the installation has led not only to its reduction in price, but also to an increase in accuracy due to the reduction of heat losses and the simplicity of their definition.
ANALYSIS AND GENERALIZATION OF REGULATORY SUPPORT FOR GEODESIC SUPPORT OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION OBJECTS
Authors: Batrakova A. , Dorozhko Y. , Zakharova E. , Kliuka O.
Published: October 2021

The transfer of the project to the site requires the performance of measurements and constructions with high accuracy. Changes in the technology of geodetic works related to the computerization of geodesy, the introduction into geodetic practice of electronic geodetic instruments and automated processing programs, require the introduction into production of both traditional methods of geodetic measurements and new technologies and methods of geodetic works. Despite the fact that geodetic works are an integral part of construction, in the regulations on surveys, design and construction of roads and man-made structures quite limited regulation of the content of work on the transfer of projects to the field, division work, executive surveys, geodetic quality control, accuracy requirements, etc.
Given the current state of regulatory and legal support for geodetic support of road construction sites, it is advisable to develop a national standard for the implementation of geodetic surveying and geodetic control in the construction of road construction sites. This standard will supplement the main provisions of regulations on the construction of roads and transport facilities.
With the growing volume of design, construction and overhaul of roads, it is necessary to standardize all stages of design and construction work, including those related to geodetic production.
The development of technologies and methods of geodetic works related to the computerization of geodesy requires the introduction into production of both traditional methods of geodetic measurements and new technologies and methods of geodetic works.
Based on the analysis and generalization of regulatory support for geodetic support of design and construction of roads and artificial structures, the need to develop a national standard for geodetic surveying and geodetic control in the construction of road construction as a supplement to the basic provisions of regulations on road construction and transport facilities.
Formación en competencias digitales para asesores y apoyos técnicos de las plazas comunitarias e-México. El caso Aguascalientes
Authors: Medina Mayagoitia Norma Isabel , Padilla de la Torre María Rebeca
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo presenta resultados parciales de un estudio que tuvo como objetivo elaborar un diagnóstico de los procesos de alfabetización tecnológica en plazas comunitarias del centrooccidente de México. En particular, se analizan las competencias digitales de asesores y apoyos técnicos, llamados figuras solidarias, quienes atienden a población con rezago educativo en plazas de Aguascalientes. La metodología de investigación fue mixta, por medio de encuestas y entrevistas colectivas. El estudio aporta conocimiento sobre estas figuras solidarias menos estudiadas en comparación con los usuarios y los hallazgos muestran que es indispensable consolidar primero sus competencias digitales para fortalecer su tarea. Además, los resultados permitieron fundamentar y desarrollar una propuesta de formación para una investigación posterior.
Respuestas metabólicas al estrés de levaduras de importancia industrial
Authors: Vital López Patricia , Larralde Corona Claudia Patricia
Published: October 2021

La producción de metabolitos y biomasa de levaduras a nivel industrial está generalmente sujeta a condiciones estresantes de cultivo, principalmente en cuanto a la concentración de oxígeno disuelto, presión osmótica, temperatura, pH y compuestos tóxicos como el etanol. Al ser las levaduras organismos unicelulares, los mecanismos para enfrentar estas situaciones de estrés se basan en cambios fisiológicos y de composición, así como toda una gama de respuestas de su metabolismo. En este trabajo se hace una revisión de las respuestas metabólicas en levaduras durante la producción a escala industrial de bebidas como el vino, así como las investigaciones básicas realizadas para elucidar las respuestas fisiológicas comunes usadas por estos microorganismos, con especial énfasis en la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, que es por mucho la más importante a nivel industrial.
Estimación de volumen forestal mediante imágenes de satélite Landsat 8 OLI en bosques templados mixtos
Authors: García-Ramírez Pedro , Domínguez-Calleros Pedro Antonio , Corral-Rivas José Javier , Pompa-García Marín , Chávez-Simental Jorge Armando , López-Serrano Pablito Marcelo , Rodríguez- Laguna Rodrigo , Padilla-Martínez Jaime Roberto
Published: October 2021

El objetivo fue estimar el volumen forestal (m3 ha-1) mediante información obtenida del Sistema de Planeación Forestal (SiPlaFor) y datos espectrales de imágenes de satélite del sensor Landsat 8 OLI en el Ejido La Victoria Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, México. Se utilizó la técnica no paramétrica Random Forest para la estimación del volumen forestal. Los resultados mostraron que empleando un modelo con 400 árboles de decisión, la raíz cuadrada del cuadrado medio del error (RMSE) se mantiene estable. La variable predictiva de mayor importancia fue el Índice de Vegetación de Área Foliar Especifica (SLAVI), con una RMSE de 12.99%. El modelo de Random Forest presentó un coeficiente de determinación (R2) de 0.84 y un valor de RMSE de 28.8 m3 ha-1. La información espectral de un sensor de media resolución en combinación con datos de campo es una alternativa viable para estimar volumen forestal en bosques templados mixtos.
Desgasificación con NaCl: Un método para incrementar las propiedades mecánicas de una aleación de aluminio A 319
Authors: Ortega-De la Rosa Rubin , Estrada-De la Torre J. Edgardo , García-Romero Marco Alonso , Rocha-Echavarría Omar , Bañuelos-Ruiz Pedro Antonio
Published: October 2021

Se analizó el efecto de desgasificación con NaCl tipo Halita sobre la morfología del Si eutéctico, la porosidad y las propiedades mecánicas de una aleación de Al A 319. La fusión del aluminio con la sal encapsulada se realizó en un horno eléctrico marca A/SS S. FREDERIKSEN a una temperatura de 760 °C durante 30 min, con el objetivo de lograr una homogeneización adecuada de la sal en la aleación de Al se hizo una agitación suave del metal líquido. Las cargas empleadas fueron trozos con dimensiones de 5 cm de largo por 8 cm de espesor para introducirlos en el crisol. Con los porcentajes de NaCl utilizados (1.2 y 3% del peso de la aleación) en el baño metálico la modificación más favorable se logró con 3% y un tamaño de partícula menor a 100 μm, la disociación del ion Cl permitió la eliminación del H, la porosidad disminuyó..
Evaluación del estado nutricio del adulto mayor asilado en la ciudad de Aguascalientes, México
Authors: Rivera-Flores Abril Alejandra , Díaz-Posada Valeria , Díaz-López Jessica , Martín del Campo-Cervantes Judith
Published: October 2021

El adulto mayor (AM) institucionalizado está en riesgo de padecer desnutrición, la cual aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar comorbilidades que la convierten en un problema de salud pública. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el estado nutricio del AM mediante la Evaluación mini nutricional (por sus siglas en inglés MNA), un recordatorio dietético de 24 h y la toma de medidas antropométricas. Los resultados mostraron que 56.7% de la población estudiada presentó riesgo de malnutrición de acuerdo al MNA. Se encontró dependencia funcional en 86.6% de los participantes al presentar una fuerza muscular baja, además de una glucemia capilar alterada con un promedio de 145.66 mg/dl y un índice de masa corporal promedio de 24.62 kg/m2. La dieta del AM fue deficiente en energía, proteínas y fibra, lo que podría explicar la pérdida de masa magra y funcionalidad.
Order Out of Chaos: The Political Theology of Jordan Peterson
Authors: Feldmann John Ryan
Published: October 2021

Jordan Peterson has risen to prominence as a genuine public intellectual on the New Right within a North American context that (unlike Europe) generally eschews the elitism of educated intellectuals. He has tried to construct a coherent ontological system in order to rejuvenate previously dead cultural forms without recourse to unenlightened fundamentalisms. Critiquing Enlightenment rationality from a post-metaphysical perspective, Peterson seeks to ground a Darwinian materialism in an affective-drive theory of subjectivity. It is only the religious imaginary that holds the key for the renewal of the West, and which can combat the dark-black shadow of nihilism that hangs over Western civilization. Synthesizing psychoanalysis with evolutionary biology, neuroscience, religious anthropology, and existentialism, Peterson forges an ontological structure that endeavors to invert the death of God and re-establish a conservative political project upon a resurrected religious metanarrative.
Crisis, Authoritarian Neoliberalism, and the Return of “New Democracy” to power in Greece
Authors: Mylonas Yiannis
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on New Democracy (ND), Greece’s main conservative party, and its return to power in 2019. The study enquires into ND’s hegemonic strategy and governance. ND’s hegemonic strategy is grounded in both neoliberal and Far-Right premises. This enabled ND to create a hegemonic block that ranges from centrist liberals to far-rightists, while advancing an anti-leftist ideological project, connected to progressing upper- class interests. The ND administration unfolds an autocratic form of executive governance that is based on legislating class-related reforms, propaganda and effective control of the mainstream media, and coercive force. These features reflect the development of neoliberal authoritarianism in Greece, like elsewhere. They represent “the new form of bourgeois republic in the current phase of capitalism,” bearing the traits of autocracy, illiberalism, and Far-Right mainstreaming. The study deploys examples from ND’s political discourse and from policies that the ND administration has launched.
“Bide Time and Maneuver”: a Conservative Style of Cybernetic Governmentality
Authors: Kobylin Igor
Published: October 2021

This article is dedicated to a single aspect of the history of Soviet governmentality. According to Foucault, socialism did not develop an administerial rationality of its own and was hence forced to connect up to the already available forms of this rationality. Late Soviet history is in many ways determined by the confrontation betwen two such сonnections–one to the administrative/police form and the other to the liberal form. The first connection is well-known, while the other is only now being studied in earnest. Using the cyber-administerial project of Nikita Moiseyev, the author of this article demonstrates how the elements of liberal governmentality, already marked by a “conservative style” (Mannheim), transform after being transplanted onto Soviet soil. Partial decentralization and market mechanisms become elemnts of a cybernetic mega-machine, where the perpetually developing forces of production are a labile functional part of the system, while relations of production are a conservative “architectural organization scheme”, responsible for self-preservation and stability. The conservative “architecture” of the system should be set up in such a way that prevents progressing development from calling into question the existence of an infinitely self-tuning socialist “autopilot”.
The Basics of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Schmitt Heinz-Josef
Published: October 2021

Infectious Diseases result from exposure and contact between a host (human being) and an (uninvited) guest (micro-organism).

Given the fact that billions of micro-organisms are in and around us at any time, overall, infectious diseases are comparatively rare; of the millions of different microbial species, only about 300 are known to cause human diseases.

Besides exposure and contact, factors on the side of the host (genetic background, environment, underlying diseases and their therapy) and on the side of the micro-organisms (pathogenicity / virulence factors) are necessary to result in an infectious disease.

“Colonization” means that a micro-organism can attach on skin or mucous membrane for some time or even indefinitely but does not invade host tissue and does not cause any symptoms. Colonizers may even induce an immune response.

“Infection” is defined as a micro-organism invading through skin or mucous membranes the tissue of a host, leading to no disease (“asymptomatic infection”); or symptomatic disease. It is followed by health, disability, or death. Following the infection, microorganisms may persist in the body for a long time or even for life without causing any symptoms, which is called “latent infection”.

Infectious diseases may not only be due to pathogenicity factors of a micro-organism, but may also result from (i.) direct destruction of host tissues (e.g., from viral replication); (ii.) the acute host (immune-) response; and from late immune responses resulting in immune-mediated “post-infectious diseases”. Some infections may cause an immune response that is directed against host-tissue, resulting in an “autoimmune-disease”.

Given the increasing number of microbes, the increasing number of exposures, and the increasing number and fraction of susceptible/predisposed humans, it is obvious that infectious diseases will increase in the future. Vaccines and vaccination may help solve this problem.
Varicella and Zoster (Shingles)
Authors: Gershon Anne
Published: October 2021

A live attenuated vaccine against varicella (later also used to prevent zoster) was developed in 1974 by Takahashi and colleagues.

Varicella vaccine was licensed for universal immunization of healthy children in the United States in 1995. It is also now used for this purpose in at least 15 additional countries all over the world. Varicella is disappearing in the US.

Varicella vaccine has proven extremely safe and side effects are unusual, mild, and less serious than varicella or its complications.

85% of children are protected completely after 1 dose; the 15% who develop varicella despite immunization usually (but not always) have mild infections. These 15%, however, can transmit the wild type virus to others.

Therefore, for optimal effect, 2 doses are required, mostly to address children who did not have an optimal primary immune response after the first dose.

Waning immunity does not seem to pose a serious problem, but surveillance of vaccinees is continuing.

It was demonstrated in 2005 that at a high dose of vaccine – 15 times higher than that used for prevention of varicella in children - zoster in adults can also be safely prevented.

The live attenuated zoster vaccine is effective in approximately 50% of healthy individuals over age 60 who have had varicella in the past, and therefore have latent infection with varicella-zoster virus. It is given as one dose, but its effect runs out about 8 years after vaccination.

In 2017, a new vaccine against zoster was also introduced. This is a subunit vaccine which does not contain contagious virus. It is even more effective than the older zoster vaccine and is over 95% effective in adults 50–≥70 years of age in preventing zoster and post herpetic neuralgia.
Enteric Fever (Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A & B)
Authors: Podda Audino
Published: October 2021

Typhoid and Paratyphoid fevers (collectively, enteric fever) are indistinguishable, acute generalized febrile infections caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A and Paratyphi B sensu stricto.

Enteric Fever is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where social and sanitary conditions are poor. In 2017, approximately 14.3 million cases of disease and 135,900 deaths were reported.

Antibiotic treatment reduces severity and duration of disease. However, the emergence of several multidrug resistant strains (MDR) and, more recently, of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of S. Typhi has decreased treatment options.

Due to significant disease burden and increasing antimicrobial resistance, particularly in South/South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, it is essential to implement vaccination campaigns with safe and effective vaccines.

Three vaccine types are available against S. Typhi: the live attenuated vaccine (Ty21a), the unconjugated Vi polysaccharide vaccine (Vi-PS) and the typhoid conjugated vaccine (TCV), while no vaccine is yet available against S. Paratyphi strains.

Most recently licensed and WHO prequalified TCVs can be used for immunization of infants starting at 6 months of age. Field trials in endemic Asian and African countries have shown that TCV has a >80% clinical efficacy.
STUDIES ON LEACHING LOSSES OF SULPHUR FROM PUMICE SOILS, YELLOW BROWN LOAMS AND SANDS
Authors: Hogg D.E.
Published: October 2021

AT the 1963 New Zealand Grassland Association Conference, I. L. Elliott gave a short description of a new laboratory technique for determining the ability of soils to retain nutrients against leaching. At that time, only a very few soils had been examined and since no comparable evidence from field trials was available, the value of the test was largely a matter of conjecture. The technique was applied to measure the ability of soils to retain potassium, phosphorus and sulphur. This paper is particularly concerned with sulphur. Following the examination of a larger number of samples, some clear patterns of leaching losses are now emerging and a better position exists to predict where sulphur deficiency is likely to arise.
РОЗРОБКА ЗАКОНОПРОЕКТУ ЗЕМСЬКОЇ РЕФОРМИ – БОРОТЬБА КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИХ ДИСКУРСІВ
Authors: Бутирін Є. О.
Published: October 2021

У статті здійснено історико-правовий аналіз концептів місцевого самоврядування в Російській імперії другої половини ХІХ століття. Зроблені висновки, що в першій половині ХІХ століття самоврядування в містах існувало суто номінально; ані магістрати та ратуші, ані шестигласні думи та міські голови не мали реальної влади, яка цілком зосереджувалась у поліційних установах та бюджетних комітетах, що адміністрували міські кошти. У статті досліджується еволюція ідей та поглядів на реформування системи місцевого управління після скасування кріпосного права і, зокрема, місцевого самоврядування, його система, склад, компетенція. Показана боротьба ліберального та консервативного таборів у ході розробки проекту земської реформи 1864 р.
СУЧАСНІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ЕКСПЕРТИЗ ПІД ЧАС РОЗСЛІДУВАННЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ, ВЧИНЕНИХ ПРОТИ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ПРАВООХОРОННИХ ОРГАНІВ
Authors: Гусєва В.О.
Published: October 2021

У статті визначено значення та сучасні можливості судово-психологічних експертиз під час розслідування кримінальних правопорушень проти авторитету органів державної влади у сфері правоохоронної діяльності. Установлено, що судово-психологічна експертиза може бути призначена щодо психічно здорових підозрюваних, свідків та потерпілих незалежно від віку. Доведено, що судово-психологічна експертиза є ефективним способом установлення обставин, що підлягають з’ясуванню під час розслідування кримінальних правопорушень досліджуваної категорії.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОСВІТЛЮВАЛЬНИХ ПРИЛАДІВ ПІД ЧАС ОГЛЯДУ МІСЦЯ ПОДІЇ В УТРУДНЕНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Лозова С. М. , Кокорін О. В. , Лозовий А. О.
Published: October 2021

У статті розглянуто особливості проведення огляду місця події в утруднених умовах (погане освітлення, несприятливі погодні умови, огляд e прихованих місцях і деякі інші). Досліджено сучасний «польовий» засіб освітлення «Світлову вежу», який використовується для огляду великих за розмірами територій. Детально розглянуто джерело експертного світла OFK-8000A, шо використовується для пошуку і виявлення різноманітних слідів (рук, біологічного походження, виявлення «хімічних пасток», ознак підробки документів) під час огляду місця події. Для використання в утруднених умовах запропоновано освітлювальний прилад FoxFury Nomad® 360. Надано пропозиції щодо використання певних освітлювальних приладів у різних ситуаціях, у тому числі несприятливих, під час огляду місця події.
МИТНЕ ПРАВО ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ: ІСТОРІЯ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ
Authors: Перепьолкін С. М.
Published: October 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню історії становлення митного права Європейського Союзу, з’ясуванню його сучасного стану та визначенню перспектив подальшого розвитку. Історію становлення митного права Європейського Союзу запропоновано вивчати з дати набуття чинності Договору про заснування Європейського економічного співтовариства від 25 березня 1957 р. до сьогодні, розділивши на три етапи. Доведено, що митне право Європейського Союзу продовжує розвиватися й надалі. Серед можливих напрямів його подальшого розвитку виокремлено таке: приведення у відповідність до звичаєвих і договірних норм міжнародного митного права, розробка єдиного переліку правопорушень у митній сфері та єдиної системи санкцій за їх вчинення тощо.
Socio-Technical Changes for Sustainable Rice Production: Rice Husk Amendment, Conservation Irrigation, and System Changes
Authors: Runkle Benjamin R. K. , Seyfferth Angelia L. , Reid Matthew C. , Limmer Matthew A. , Moreno-García Beatriz , Reavis Colby W. , Peña Jasquelin , Reba Michele L. , Adviento-Borbe M. Arlene A. , Pinson Shannon R. M. , Isbell Chris
Published: October 2021

Rice is a staple food and primary source of calories for much of the world. However, rice can be a dietary source of toxic metal(loid)s to humans, and its cultivation creates atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions and requires high water use. Because rice production consumes a significant amount of natural resources and is a large part of the global agricultural economy, increasing its sustainability could have substantial societal benefits. There are opportunities for more sustainable field production through a combination of silicon (Si) management and conservation irrigation practices. As a Si-rich soil amendment, rice husks can limit arsenic and cadmium uptake, while also providing plant vigor in drier soil conditions. Thus, husk addition and conservation irrigation may be more effective to attenuate the accumulation of toxic metal(loid)s, manage water usage and lower climate impacts when implemented together than when either is implemented separately. This modified field production system would take advantage of rice husks, which are an underutilized by-product of milled rice that is widely available near rice farm sites, and have ~10% Si content. Husk application could, alongside alternate wetting and drying or furrow irrigation management, help resolve multiple sustainability challenges in rice production: (1) limit arsenic and cadmium accumulation in rice; (2) minimize greenhouse gas emissions from rice production; (3) decrease irrigation water use; (4) improve nutrient use efficiency; (5) utilize a waste product of rice processing; and (6) maintain plant-accessible soil Si levels. This review presents the scientific basis for a shift in rice production practices and considers complementary rice breeding efforts. It then examines socio-technical considerations for how such a shift in production practices could be implemented by farmers and millers together and may bring rice production closer to a bio-circular economy. This paper's purpose is to advocate for a changed rice production method for consideration by community stakeholders, including producers, millers, breeders, extension specialists, supply chain organizations, and consumers, while highlighting remaining research and implementation questions.
Performance of Three Asthma Predictive Tools in a Cohort of Infants Hospitalized With Severe Bronchiolitis
Authors: C. Fabiano Filho Ronaldo , Geller Ruth J. , Candido Santos Ludmilla , Espinola Janice A. , Robinson Lacey B. , Hasegawa Kohei , Camargo Carlos A.
Published: October 2021

Childhood asthma develops in 30–40% of children with severe bronchiolitis but accurate prediction remains challenging. In a severe bronchiolitis cohort, we applied the Asthma Predictive Index (API), the modified Asthma Predictive Index (mAPI), and the Pediatric Asthma Risk Score (PARS) to predict asthma at age 5 years. We applied the API, mAPI, and PARS to the 17-center cohort of infants hospitalized with severe bronchiolitis during 2011–2014 (35th Multicenter Airway Research Collaboration, MARC-35). We used data from the first 3 years of life including parent interviews, chart review, and specific IgE testing to predict asthma at age 5 years, defined as parent report of clinician-diagnosed asthma. Among 875/921 (95%) children with outcome data, parent-reported asthma was 294/875 (34%). In MARC-35, a positive index/score for stringent and loose API, mAPI, and PARS were 24, 68, 6, and 55%, respectively. The prediction tools' AUCs (95%CI) ranged from 0.57 (95%CI 0.54–0.59) to 0.68 (95%CI 0.65–0.71). The positive likelihood ratios were lower in MARC-35 compared to the published results from the original cohorts. In this high-risk population of infants hospitalized with severe bronchiolitis, API, mAPI, and PARS had sub-optimal performance (AUC <0.8). Highly accurate (AUC >0.8) asthma prediction tools are desired in infants hospitalized with severe bronchiolitis.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Implication of PGRMC1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Xin , Ruan Xiangyan , Zhang Ying , Cai Guiju , Ju Rui , Yang Yu , Cheng Jiaojiao , Gu Muqing
Published: October 2021

TNBC represents the most malignant subtype of breast cancer with heterogenicity and poor prognosis. PGRMC1 has been reported to predict worse prognosis and correlate with MHT mediated signal transduction in breast cancer, whereas its involvement in TNBC remains poorly explored. The purpose of the study was to explore the roles of PGRMC1 in TNBC. Bioinformatic approaches were performed to analyzed the expression of PGRMC1 among different subtypes of breast cancers using RNA-seq data from the TCGA, METABRIC and GEO databases. PGRMC1 mRNA expression and survival in breast cancer were analyzed. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of PGRMC1 in TNBC by single cell RNA-seq data and immunohistochemistry. The expression of PGRMC1 in TNBC group was significantly higher compared with that of Luminal subtypes, especially in the epithelia cells, which was further proved by IHC at protein level. Better overall survival (p = 0.027) was observed in the patients with lower expression of PGRMC1. Different states of hormone and Her2 receptors contributed to the distinct functions of PGRMC1. In TNBC, PGRMC1 might play an important role in mitochondrial functions. In summary, this study revealed the correlation between PGRMC1 expression and its clinical significance in TNBC, probably through mitochondria-associated pathway, which may provide new ideas for prognosis and therapy of TNBC.
When Bigger Is Better: 3D RNA Profiling of the Developing Head in the Catshark Scyliorhinus canicula
Authors: Mayeur Hélène , Lanoizelet Maxence , Quillien Aurélie , Menuet Arnaud , Michel Léo , Martin Kyle John , Dejean Sébastien , Blader Patrick , Mazan Sylvie , Lagadec Ronan
Published: October 2021

We report the adaptation of RNA tomography, a technique allowing spatially resolved, genome-wide expression profiling, to a species occupying a key phylogenetic position in gnathostomes, the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula. We focused analysis on head explants at an embryonic stage, shortly following neural tube closure and of interest for a number of developmental processes, including early brain patterning, placode specification or the establishment of epithalamic asymmetry. As described in the zebrafish, we have sequenced RNAs extracted from serial sections along transverse, horizontal and sagittal planes, mapped the data onto a gene reference taking advantage of the high continuity genome recently released in the catshark, and projected read counts onto a digital model of the head obtained by confocal microscopy. This results in the generation of a genome-wide 3D atlas, containing expression data for most protein-coding genes in a digital model of the embryonic head. The digital profiles obtained for candidate forebrain regional markers along antero-posterior, dorso-ventral and left-right axes reproduce those obtained by in situ hybridization (ISH), with expected relative organizations. We also use spatial autocorrelation and correlation as measures to analyze these data and show that they provide adequate statistical tools to extract novel expression information from the model. These data and tools allow exhaustive searches of genes exhibiting any predefined expression characteristic, such a restriction to a territory of interest, thus providing a reference for comparative analyses across gnathostomes. This methodology appears best suited to species endowed with large embryo or organ sizes and opens novel perspectives to a wide range of evo-devo model organisms, traditionally counter-selected on size criterion.
Scaffold Searching of FDA and EMA-Approved Drugs Identifies Lead Candidates for Drug Repurposing in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Shityakov Sergey , Skorb Ekaterina V. , Förster Carola Y. , Dandekar Thomas
Published: October 2021

Clinical trials of novel therapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) have consumed a significant amount of time and resources with largely negative results. Repurposing drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), or Worldwide for another indication is a more rapid and less expensive option. Therefore, we apply the scaffold searching approach based on known amyloid-beta (Aβ) inhibitor tramiprosate to screen the DrugCentral database (n = 4,642) of clinically tested drugs. As a result, menadione bisulfite and camphotamide substances with protrombogenic and neurostimulation/cardioprotection effects were identified as promising Aβ inhibitors with an improved binding affinity (ΔGbind) and blood-brain barrier permeation (logBB). Finally, the data was also confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations using implicit solvation, in particular as Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) model. Overall, the proposed in silico pipeline can be implemented through the early stage rational drug design to nominate some lead candidates for AD, which will be further validated in vitro and in vivo, and, finally, in a clinical trial.
The Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Remarkable Clinical Therapy for Slow Transit Constipation in Future
Authors: Liu Jiafei , Gu Liqiang , Zhang Mingqing , Zhang Shiwu , Wang Min , Long Yu , Zhang Xipeng
Published: October 2021

Slow transit constipation is a common condition that would be difficult to treat in clinical practice with a widespread incidence in the population. Pharmacotherapy and surgery are common treatment modalities. However, the clinical effect is limited, and patients still suffer from it. As the researchers strived in this field for decades, the profound relationship between slow transit constipation and fecal microbiota transplantation has comprehensively been sustained. It is very pivotal to maintain intestinal homeostasis, the structure function and metabolic function of symbiotic bacteria, which can inhibit the engraftment of intestinal pathogens. This mini review explains the treatment effects and possible mechanisms of the fecal microbiota transplantation in treating slow transit constipation. Simultaneously, it is found that there is significant improvement in the disease by adjusting the intestinal microbes like fecal microbiota transplantation. Fecal microbiota transplantation has efficient therapeutic effects in slow transit constipation compared with traditional therapies.
The Impact of ACE2 Polymorphisms on COVID-19 Disease: Susceptibility, Severity, and Therapy
Authors: Chen Fei , Zhang Yankun , Li Xiaoyun , Li Wen , Liu Xuan , Xue Xinyu
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has currently spread worldwide, leading to high morbidity and mortality. As the putative receptor of SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is widely distributed in various tissues and organs of the human body. Simultaneously, ACE2 acts as the physiological counterbalance of ACE providing homeostatic regulation of circulating angiotensin II levels. Given that some ACE2 variants are known to cause an increase in the ligand-receptor affinity, their roles in acquisition, progression and severity of COVID-19 disease have aroused widespread concerns. Therefore, we summarized the latest literature and explored how ACE2 variants and epigenetic factors influence an individual’s susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome in aspects of ethnicity, gender and age. Meanwhile, the possible mechanisms for these phenomena were discussed. Notably, recombinant human ACE2 and ACE2-derived peptides may have special benefits for combating SARS-CoV-2 variants and further studies are warranted to confirm their effects in later stages of the disease process. As the uncertainty regarding the severity and transmissibility of disease rises, a more in-depth understanding of the host genetics and functional characteristics of ACE2 variants will not only help explain individual clinical differences of the disease, but also contribute to providing effective measures to develop solutions and manage future outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2.
Presence of Candida tropicalis on Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms Facilitated Biofilm Production and Candida Dissemination: An Impact of Fungi on Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Phuengmaung Pornpimol , Panpetch Wimonrat , Singkham-In Uthaibhorn , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Chirathaworn Chintana , Leelahavanichkul Asada
Published: October 2021

While Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) is a common cause of infections in implanted prostheses and other indwelling devices, partly due to the biofilm formation, Candida tropicalis (CT) is an emerging Candida spp. with a potent biofilm-producing property. Due to the possible coexistence between SE and CT infection in the same patient, characteristics of the polymicrobial biofilms from both organisms might be different from those of the biofilms of each organism. Then, the exploration on biofilms, from SE with or without CT, and an evaluation on l-cysteine (an antibiofilm against both bacteria and fungi) were performed. As such, Candida incubation in preformed SE biofilms (SE > CT) produced higher biofilms than the single- (SE or CT) or mixed-organism (SE + CT) biofilms as determined by crystal violet staining and fluorescent confocal images with z-stack thickness analysis. In parallel, SE > CT biofilms demonstrated higher expression of icaB and icaC than other groups at 20 and 24 h of incubation, suggesting an enhanced matrix polymerization and transportation, respectively. Although organism burdens (culture method) from single-microbial biofilms (SE or CT) were higher than multi-organism biofilms (SE + CT and SE > CT), macrophage cytokine responses (TNF-α and IL-6) against SE > CT biofilms were higher than those in other groups in parallel to the profound biofilms in SE > CT. Additionally, sepsis severity in mice with subcutaneously implanted SE > CT catheters was more severe than in other groups as indicated by mortality rate, fungemia, serum cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and kidney and liver injury. Although CT grows upon preformed SE-biofilm production, the biofilm structures interfered during CT morphogenesis leading to the frailty of biofilm structure and resulting in the prominent candidemia. However, l-cysteine incubation together with the organisms in catheters reduced biofilms, microbial burdens, macrophage responses, and sepsis severity. In conclusion, SE > CT biofilms prominently induced biofilm matrix, fungemia, macrophage responses, and sepsis severity, whereas the microbial burdens were lower than in the single-organism biofilms. All biofilms were attenuated by l-cysteine.
An Inquisition for Propaganda and Mass Deception: Deposing the Neolithic Mind
Authors: Walsh Robert L.
Published: October 2021

Human language harbors a mechanical aberration, leaving human communication vulnerable to manipulation. Mass deception is the systematic exploitation of this linguistic glitch, the agency of which is premeditated indoctrination. Its influence over human thought and behavior is rooted in the phenomenon of the tribal mind, an unconscious collective ego predisposed to propaganda. In its early modern iterations, Eddie Bernays heralded propaganda as an efficient way to establish shared understanding between an individual and established information that this individual encounters. Communicating to the masses was seen as a means of educating the masses, and this was celebrated. Now, though, inside the utter profusion of multifaceted information, propaganda’s bearing in mass communication cannot be ignored as a contaminant at its source. The challenge is the ease with which intra-action can be subtly systematized, around an insidious fatal flaw.
Impacts of Climate Change on Blue and Green Water Resources in the Xiangjiang River Basin of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Feng Chang , Yang Liu , Han Longfei
Published: October 2021

Green water resources, which are fundamental for plant growth and terrestrial ecosystem services, reflect precipitation that infiltrates into the unsaturated soil layer and returns to the atmosphere by plant transpiration and soil evaporation through the hydrological cycle. However, green water is usually ignored in water resource assessments, especially when considering future climate impacts, and green water modeling generally ignores the calibration of evapotranspiration (ET), which might have a considerable impact on green water resources. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal variations in blue and green water resources under historical and future climate change scenarios by applying a distributed hydrological model in the Xiangjiang River Basin (XRB) of the Yangtze River. An improved model calibration method based on remotely sensed MODIS ET data and observed discharge data is used, and the results show that the parallel parameter calibration method can increase the simulation accuracy of blue and green water while decreasing the output uncertainties. The coefficients (p-factor, r-factor, KGE, NSE, R2, and PBIAS) indicate that the blue and green water projections in the calibration and validation periods exhibit good performance. Blue and green water account for 51.9 and 48.1%, respectively, of all water resources in the historical climate scenario, while future blue and green water projections fluctuate to varying degrees under different future climate scenarios because of uncertainties. Blue water resources and green water storage in the XRB will decrease (5.3–21.8% and 8.8–19.7%, respectively), while green water flow will increase (5.9–14.7%). Even taking the 95% parameter prediction uncertainty (95 PPU) range into consideration, the future increasing trend of the predicted green water flow is deemed satisfactory. Therefore, incorporating green water into future water resource management is indispensable for the XRB. In general, this study provides a basis for future blue and green water assessments, and the general modeling framework can be applied to other regions with similar challenges.