bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design scheme of a passive isotropic multi-strut vibration isolation platform constructed by three-parameter isolators based on the optimum damping frequency concept
Authors: Huang Xiuchang , Sun Jingya , Hua Hongxing , Zhiyi Zhang
Published: June 2017

A design procedure based on the optimum damping frequency of the three-parameter isolator is proposed to construct a passive isotropic multi-strut vibration isolation platform (VIP) with three-parameter isolators. Two steps are necessary to implement the proposed design scheme. The first step is determination of the optimal damping frequency of the three-parameter isolator; the second step is designing the isofrequency VIP with natural frequencies tuned as the optimal damping frequency in three orthogonal directions. Three methods are summarized to identify the optimal damping frequency theoretically or experimentally. A frequency response function (FRF)-based substructuring method is proposed to predict natural frequencies of the VIP in an isolation system, which accounts for the coupling between different directions and structural flexibilities. Analytical expressions of configurations to implement isofrequency VIP are derived from FRF-based substructuring method for special cases. The three-parameter isolator by employing bellows is manufactured and a hexapod VIP is built. The proposed design scheme is verified by identifying the optimal damping frequency and comparing acceleration transmissibility under vertical and horizontal base displacement excitation for varying loaded mass. The study can shed some light on the design of a passive multi-strut VIP with three-parameter isolators.
Everywhere and nowhere simultaneously: The ‘absent presence’ of sexuality in medical education
Authors: Murphy Marie
Published: June 2017

A comprehensive history of medical sex education in the USA is missing from the literature, and much of the recent literature on sexuality education within medical training in the USA relies on survey research, which reveals little about the nature and content of medical sex education, and the meanings of sexuality that are produced and transmitted within it. In this article I provide a brief historical overview of medical sex education in the USA to provide context for my ethnographic study of the ways in which sexuality education was conceptualized and executed at a top-twenty American medical school. Although faculty members at this medical school believed that sexuality was important to medical practice and thus important to teach about within medical education, teachings about sexuality were fragmented and did not produce a consistent set of messages about what sexuality means or how it might matter to medical practice. I show how formal knowledge about sexuality has been and continues to be as elusive within medical education as anywhere else, and discuss historical continuities in the perceived barriers to providing medical sex education. In addition to increasing our understanding of how medical knowledge about sexuality is produced and transmitted, this research expands the study of sex education beyond contexts in which its intended purpose is to influence the personal behavior of its subjects.
Twenty years of group processes and intergroup relations research: A review of past progress and future prospects
Authors: Abrams Dominic , Hogg Michael A.
Published: June 2017

The 20th anniversary of Group Processes & Intergroup Relations offers an opportunity to reflect on progress in research. We describe the changing context of research and the scope and progress in the field. This special issue includes reviews by distinguished scholars in the areas of social identity, ideology, crowds, intergroup contact, crossed and multiple social categorization, communication, majority–minority conflict, group-based emotion, group decision making, group performance, ostracism, and social-cognitive development. Achievements and current knowledge in all of these areas are raising significant new questions, challenges, and opportunities for future research, strongly demonstrating the growing scientific strength and societal relevance of research in group processes and intergroup relations.
Balancing driveability, NVH, and fuel consumption on automotive powertrains using integrated simulation techniques
Authors: Stoffels Harald
Published: June 2017

The engine downsizing approach can be considered as state-of-the-art automotive propulsion system. However, future trends are also indicating a trend to a further reduction of the number of engine architectures, normally accompanied with a reduction of the number of cylinders in internal combustion engines, including prospective use of alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas or the downsized engine embedded in a powertrain with electrically driven propulsion systems. Hitherto, different simulation approaches are employed to evaluate the trade-off between noise, vibration and harshness, driveability, and fuel consumption. This paper presents the coupling of two simulation tools, each one an established tool in its discipline, namely a 1D-gas-dynamics tool for a downsized internal combustion engine including a dedicated boost-pressure control approach, and a multibody dynamics tool to simulate the powertrain and vehicle dynamics, using the functional mock-up interface. Using this approach as an industry first application, a significant reduction of development time while avoiding duplication of powertrain subsystem modeling, is achieved. This enables a transient simulation and supports a fast analysis of different powertrain architectures. It, furthermore, allows a detailed look at the impact of powertrain subsystems like the architecture of the internal combustion engine, flywheel, and driveline design on relevant vehicle attributes. Moreover, the transient simulation approach allows the investigation of lag effects caused by the air-path characteristics of the internal combustion engine, or transient effects brought up with the advent of hybrid powertrain architectures. The application case of this tool chain presented in this paper revealed that engine architecture reduction should be carried out carefully in order to not compromise driveability of the engine later on. This could bear the risk of sacrificing fuel economy due to a higher lugging limit, often linked to a reduced firing order of the engine, caused by a reduction of the number of cylinders. The paper finally discusses prospective solutions in terms of conventional mechanical solutions and added electrified propulsion including potential limitations to overcome this issue.
Objective and subjective performance evaluations of wet wipes including herbal components
Authors: Kaplan Sibel , Pulan Sebile , Ulusoy Seyhan
Published: June 2017

In this study, wet wipes were produced for body applications with nonwoven fabrics consisting of polyester and cellulose (viscose and Tencel®). Fabrics were wetted by natural-based wetting solutions (rose water, olive oil) which were functionalized by sodium alginate and natural antibacterial agents (cinnamaldehyde and geraniol) without preservatives. Besides physical characteristics (weight, thickness, porosity, fiber orientation), bending rigidity, Handle-O-Meter measurements, and moisture management test parameters of the nonwoven fabrics were determined. Subjective hand and wiping performances of produced wipes were determined by subjective evaluations carried out on 10 female subjects. According to the results, 100% Tencel® and its blend with viscose have good absorption and moderate transfer characteristics. Polyester content up to 60% is acceptable for wet wipes for the body according to their liquid absorption, transfer, and subjective evaluation results if fabric weight is sufficient. Among the functionalized wetting solutions, antibacterial performance of the solution including olive oil, sodium alginate and cinnamaldehyde was the maximum and it has acceptable hand values according to objective Handle-O-Meter results and subjective evaluation results.
Epicardial, pericardial and total cardiac fat and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion rate
Authors: Christensen Regitse H , von Scholten Bernt J , Hansen Christian S , Heywood Sarah E , Rosenmeier Jaya B , Andersen Ulrik B , Hovind Peter , Reinhard Henrik , Parving Hans-Henrik , Pedersen Bente K , Jørgensen Marit E , Jacobsen Peter K , Rossing Peter
Published: June 2017

Background

We evaluated the association of cardiac adipose tissue including epicardial adipose tissue and pericardial adipose tissue with incident cardiovascular disease and mortality, coronary artery calcium, carotid intima media thickness and inflammatory markers.

Design

A prospective study of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER).

Methods

Cardiac adipose tissue was measured from baseline echocardiography. The composite endpoint comprised incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Coronary artery calcium, carotid intima media thickness and inflammatory markers were measured at baseline. Cardiac adipose tissue was investigated as continuous and binary variable. Analyses were performed unadjusted (model 1), and adjusted for age, sex (model 2), body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, glycated haemoglobin, and systolic blood pressure (model 3).

Results

Patients were followed-up after 6.1 years for non-fatal cardiovascular disease (n = 29) or mortality (n = 23). Cardiac adipose tissue (p = 0.049) and epicardial adipose tissue (p = 0.029) were associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in model 1. When split by the median, patients with high cardiac adipose tissue had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality than patients with low cardiac adipose tissue in unadjusted (hazard ratio 1.9, confidence interval: 1.1; 3.4, p = 0.027) and adjusted (hazard ratio 2.0, confidence interval: 1.1; 3.7, p = 0.017) models. Cardiac adipose tissue (p =  0.033) was associated with baseline coronary artery calcium (model 1) and interleukin-8 (models 1–3, all p < 0.039).

Conclusions

In type 2 diabetes patients without coronary artery disease, high cardiac adipose tissue levels were associated with increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality even after accounting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. High cardiac adipose tissue amounts were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcium) and with the pro-atherogenic inflammatory marker interleukin-8.
Metabolic profiling of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: a case–control study
Authors: Bervoets Liene , Massa Guy , Guedens Wanda , Louis Evelyne , Noben Jean-Paul , Adriaensens Peter
Published: June 2017

Background

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common pediatric diseases and its incidence is rising in many countries. Recently, it has been shown that metabolites other than glucose play an important role in insulin deficiency and the development of diabetes. The aim of our study was to look for discriminating variation in the concentrations of small-molecule metabolites in the plasma of T1DM children as compared to non-diabetic matched controls using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomics.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was set-up to examine the metabolic profile in fasting plasma samples from seven children with poorly controlled T1DM and seven non-diabetic controls aged 8–18 years, and matched for gender, age and BMI-SDS. The obtained plasma1H-NMR spectra were rationally divided into 110 integration regions, representing the metabolic phenotype. These integration regions reflect the relative metabolite concentrations and were used as statistical variables to construct (train) a classification model in discriminating between T1DM patients and controls.

Results

The total amount of variation explained by the model between the groups is 81.0% [R2Y(cum)] and within the groups is 75.8% [R2X(cum)]. The predictive ability of the model [Q2(cum)] obtained by cross-validation is 50.7%, indicating that the discrimination between the groups on the basis of the metabolic phenotype is valid. Besides the expected higher concentration of glucose, the relative concentrations of lipids (triglycerides, phospholipids and cholinated phospholipids) are clearly lower in the plasma of T1DM patients as compared to controls. Also the concentrations of the amino acids serine, tryptophan and cysteine are slightly decreased.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates that metabolic profiling of plasma by1H-NMR spectroscopy allows to discriminate between T1DM patients and controls. The metabolites that significantly differ between both groups might point to disturbances in biochemical pathways including (1) choline deficiency, (2) increased gluconeogenesis, and (3) glomerular hyperfiltration. Although the sample size of this study is still somewhat limited and a validation should be performed, the proof of principle looks promising and justifies a deeper investigation of the diagnostic possibilities of1H-NMR metabolomics in follow-up studies.

Trial registrationNCT03014908. Registered 06/01/2017. Retrospectively registered
2017 Outstanding Contributions to ISCB Award: Fran Lewitter
Authors: Fogg Christiana N. , Kovats Diane E. , Berger Bonnie
Published: June 2017

The Outstanding Contributions to the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) Award was launched in 2015 to recognize individuals who have made lasting and valuable contributions to the Society through their leadership, service, and educational work, or a combination of these areas. Fran Lewitter is the 2017 winner of the Outstanding Contributions to ISCB Award and will be recognized at the 2017 Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB)/European Conference on Computational Biology, meeting in Prague, Czech Republic being held from July 21-25, 2017.
ЛИНГВОДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ СЛОЖНЫХ ГЛАГОЛЬНЫХ СЛОВОФОРМ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА С ПОЗИЦИЙ КОГНИТИВНОЙ ГРАММАТИКИ
Authors: Prikhodchenko Petr Ivanovich
Published: June 2017

Цель. В статье демонстрируется оригинальный вариант практического применения когнитивного подхода при изучении сложных глагольных словоформ английского языка.Методы. В исследовании применяются методы феноменологического, герменевтического и семантико-когнитивного анализа.Результаты. В работе описывается принципиально новый подход к изучению грамматики английского языка. Применение методов когнитивной грамматики позволяет автору провести широкие обобщения и вычленить три основных типа английских повествовательных предложений в зависимости от используемых глагольных словоформ. Демонстрируется механизм сочетания лексико-грамматических значений отдельных глагольных словоформ в рамках сложных конструкций.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для разработки новых методик изучения грамматики английского языка русскоговорящими студентами.
ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНО-АВТОРСКИЕ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫЕ В ПОЭТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТАХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПОЭТЕСС
Authors: Shkreba Olesya Alexandrovna
Published: June 2017

Цель. Данная статья посвящена анализу индивидуально-авторских новообразований-адъективов в текстах современных поэтесс. Автор ставит своей целью определение деривационных моделей образования ИАН-прилагательных и выявление особенностей функционирования адъективов в тексте.Метод. В работе использован метод системного научного описания, подразумевающий использование приёмов разноаспектной систематизации индивидуально-авторских новообразований в соответствии с задачами исследования. Сравнительно-сопоставительный метод, реализованный в приёмах наблюдения, сопоставления и теоретической интерпретации результатов анализа нового языкового материала, позволяет оформить выводы по результатам проведённого исследования.Результаты. В ходе проведённого исследования выявлено, что ИАН-прилагательные, обнаруженные в текстах В. Полозковой, А. Кудряшевой, Д. Балыко, А. Ривелотэ представляют наиболее многочисленную группу авторских новообразований. Созданные по продуктивным моделям сложения, суффиксации и префиксации, данные лексемы выражают новые смысловые оттенки в поэтических текстах, отображая особое состояние лирического героя.Область применения результатов. Результаты данного исследования могут найти применение в педагогической практике словесников в университете в рамках изучения дисциплины «Неология» и при анализе современной поэзии.
La idea vector y sus esferas: una propuesta formativa para la ambientalización curricular desde la complejidad
Authors: Calafell Genina , Junyent Mercè
Published: June 2017

El estudio se sitúa en el marco de la Educación para la Sostenibilidad y, concretamente, en los procesos de Ambientalización Curricular. En primer lugar, se expone brevemente una conceptualización acerca de la Ambientalización Curricular siguiendo el modelo ACES (Ambientalización Curricular de los Estudios Superiores). A continuación, se presenta la investigación que se concreta en el análisis del grado de Ambientalización Curricular de un programa formativo dirigido a profesionales de la educación. Este ha sido elaborado desde la perspectiva de la complejidad y se basa en la propuesta de Idea Vector y sus esferas (conceptual, metodológica, creativa, de investigación). Se trata de una investigación interpretativa, siendo los participantes los profesores que siguieron la formación. Los resultados permiten obtener orientaciones para el desarrollo de un proceso formativo en Ambientalización Curricular, coherente con el modelo ACES, y con impacto real en los participantes. Estas orientaciones se fundamentan en las ideas siguientes: credibilidad, cosmovisión, conceptualización y acción.
Educación social, derechos humanos y sostenibilidad en el desarrollo comunitario
Authors: Caride Gómez José Antonio
Published: June 2017

El artículo sitúa sus aportes en una reflexión de naturaleza pedagógica y social acerca de los vínculos que se establecen entre la educación social, los derechos humanos y la sostenibilidad en el desarrollo comunitario. En este sentido, en clave histórica y prospectiva, pone énfasis en la necesidad de promover acciones educativas que, siendo congruentes con los principios de equidad y justicia, posibiliten construir una sociedad local-global más democrática, inclusiva y cohesionada.Una expectativa de futuro que deberá concretarse en teorías y prácticas educativas en las que las comunidades locales asuman el protagonismo que les corresponde en sus propios procesos de desarrollo, con una visión alternativa de los modos de educar y educarse cotidianamente, respetuoso con los derechos humanos y ecológicos. Una línea de actuación que coincide con los compromisos adquiridos en el Programa de Acción Global sobre la Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible, adoptado por la UNESCO, y la Resolución A/70/1 aprobada por la Asamblea General en 2015, Transformar nuestro mundo: la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, garantizando un aprendizaje permanente para todos.En este objetivo late una decidida, aunque no explícita, vocación pedagógico-social: formar ciudadanos que, individual y colectivamente sean conscientes de su cometido en los cambios socioambientales, asumiendo las responsabilidades inherentes a los valores que sostienen la vida en toda su diversidad. La educación social y el desarrollo comunitario, al proyectar sus iniciativas en distintos tiempos y espacios sociales, permite ampliar las oportunidades formativas más allá del sistema escolar y de sus prácticas curriculares. La Educación Ambiental y Agenda Local 21 continúan siendo dos referentes principales para la reflexión-acción educativa y comunitaria.
La ofensiva de Bolivia y Chile y la diplomacia pública mediada
Authors: Aguirre-Azócar Daniel , Villalobos Juan Cristobal
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo aborda las recientes acciones comunicacionales de Bolivia y Chile en el marco de la diplomacia pública. A partir de un análisis de contenido de intervenciones en espacios mediáticos-digitales, se espera presentar los alcances de acciones cruzadas considerando las perspectivas de autores representativos en la materia. Así, al examinar las intervenciones de ambos países se espera contrastar y comparar acciones de diplomacia pública frente a los escenarios de discordia referente a la demanda boliviana ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia. Para concluir, se espera presentar a modo tentativo una evaluación de la diplomacia pública efectuada por cada parte, evidenciando elementos que restan y restringen una agenda de futuro entre ambas naciones.
La política exterior argentina y su vinculación con los condicionamientos internos en el siglo XXI
Authors: Miguez María Cecilia
Published: June 2017

Los gobiernos de Néstor Kirchner y Cristina Fernández se destacaron por su creciente alejamiento de los Estados Unidos, su acercamiento a países de la región sudamericana y la apuesta por un nuevo orden regional, la profundización de los vínculos con China y con Rusia, la participación de alto perfil en diversos foros internacionales y la insistencia en el reclamo por la soberanía de las Islas Malvinas. Este artículo desarrolla las características de esa política internacional. Tiene como objetivo describir la política exterior de los gobiernos del Frente para la Victoria que se sucedieron entre 2003 y 2015, con la intención de inscribir dicha política en el marco de una serie de transformaciones económicas y políticas internas. Pretende entender la política exterior desde un enfoque histórico que permita relacionarlacon tensiones y debates en el seno de la sociedad civil y, por lo tanto, con  expresión en el Estado.
Physiological effects of proinsulin-connecting peptide in human subcutaneous adipose tissue
Authors: Ghorbani A , Shafiee-Nick R , Zojaji SA , Rajabi-Mashhadi MT
Published: June 2017

Recent studies suggest that proinsulin-connecting peptide (C-peptide) may exhibit characteristics of a hormone and show physiological functions in various tissues. This study was aimed to determine whether C-peptide could be involved in the regulation of lipolysis, adiponectin release, and function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in adipose tissue. Human subcutaneous adipose tissue was cultured in the presence of C-peptide. The level of lipolysis was determined by glycerol measurement in the conditioned media. Effect of C-peptide on adiponectin secretion was evaluated in differentiated adipocytes. The adipogenic and osteogenic abilities of adipose MSCs were evaluated using oil red and alizarin red staining, respectively. The tetrazolium bromide test was conducted for evaluating the effect of C-peptide on MSCs proliferation. C-peptide induced a significant decrease in basal lipolysis at concentrations of 8 and 16 nM (p < 0.05). It had no significant effects on isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis, adiponectin secretion, and adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. At a concentration of 4 nM, this peptide significantly increased the proliferative capability of MSCs (p < 0.05). These results suggest that C-peptide has some physiological effects in human subcutaneous adipose tissue and contributes to the regulation of basal lipolysis and pool of MSCs.
KARAKTERISTIK NORI DARI CAMPURAN RUMPUT LAUT Ulva lactuca DAN Eucheuma cottonii
Authors: Zakaria Fransiska Rungkat , Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo , Erniati Erniati , Sajida Sajida
Published: June 2017

Rumput laut jenis Ulva lactuca dan Eucheuma cottonii merupakan rumput laut yang dapat dijumpai di perairan Indonesia, akan tetapi pemanfaatannya sebagai produk nori belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi nori dari rumput laut U. lactuca dan E. cottonii dan menguji karakteristik mutu fisik, kimia dan sensori. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa campuran rumput laut U. lactuta dan E. cottonii dapat menghasilkan produk nori yang berkualitas. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan produk nori yang dipanggang lebih dapat diterima dibandingkan nori tidak dipanggang. Karakteristik kimia dan fisik produk berbeda nyata pada taraf 5%. Hasil analisis karakteristik kimia menunjukkan bahwa produk nori rumput laut U. lactuca dan E. cottonii mempunyai kandungan protein yang lebih rendah (18.84%), kandungan karbohidrat yang lebih tinggi (62.31%), kandungan serat pangan yang lebih tinggi (36.76%) dan kapasitas antioksidan yang lebih rendah (43.01%) dibandingkan nori komersial (karbohidrat 41.8%, protein 40%, serat 21.3%, kapasitas antioksidan 51%).
Pendugaan Umur Simpan Kerupuk Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) Panggang dalam Kemasan Plastik Metalik dan Polipropilen
Authors: Ikasari Diah , Suryaningrum Theresia Dwi , Arti Inti Mulyo , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: June 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan umur simpan kerupuk ikan lele dumbo panggang menggunakan pendekatan model kadar air kritis dengan 2 jenis kemasan yakni plastik metalik dan polipropilen. Kerupuk ikan ditentukan kadar air awal, kadar air kritis, kadar air kesetimbangan beserta nilai aktifitas air untuk dapat dimasukkan dalam persamaan Labuza. Permeabilitas, ketebalan, dan luas kemasan juga dianalisis sebagai variabel pendukung yang digunakan dalam persamaan Labuza. Titik kritis ditentukan berdasarkan hasil uji skor yang dilakukan oleh 21 panelis terlatih terhadap nilai kerenyahan produk kerupuk hingga produk dinyatakan tidak renyah (skor 2). Hasil perhitungan pendugaan umur simpan berdasarkan persamaan Labuza menunjukkan bahwa kerupuk ikan lele dumbo panggang dengan kemasan plastik metalik memiliki umur simpan yang lebih lama (329 hari) dibandingkan dengan plastik polipropilen (231 hari).
Effectiveness of resistivity cone penetration tests in salt-treated highly sensitive clay
Authors: Helle Tonje Eide , Long Michael , Nordal Steinar , Aagaard Per
Published: June 2017

Salt wells filled with potassium chloride may be used as landslide mitigation in highly sensitive quick clays, as the changed pore-water composition permanently improves the remoulded shear strength. To verify improvements, resistivity cone penetration tests were conducted around salt wells installed at Dragvoll, Trondheim, Norway. The cone-test measurements for electric resistivity (or conductivity), tip resistance and pore pressure were combined with the results from laboratory tests on piston-core samples extracted around the wells. Salt content, soil and pore-water conductivity, pore-water composition and geotechnical properties were studied. Quick clay is defined as that having a remoulded shear strength of <0·5 kPa, and the soil conductivity is often <100 mS/m. Increased tip resistance was detected at soil conductivities exceeding 200 mS/m as a result of increased salt content, corresponding to a laboratory-determined remoulded shear strength of 3·5 kPa. At Dragvoll, improved non-quick clay is detected by a normalised tip resistance of 3·5 and a pore-pressure parameter of 0·9. Improved geotechnical properties around salt wells may be verified by cone testing, but a site-specific interpretation model based on geotechnical properties from laboratory tests correlated to cone-test results may be needed.
Director and Officer Liability in the Zone of Insolvency; A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rajak Harry H
Published: June 2017

It is the duty of the directors of a company to run the business of the company in the best interests of the company and its shareholders. In principle, the company, alone, is responsible for the debts incurred in the running of the company and the creditors are, in principle, precluded from looking to the directors or shareholders for payment of any shortfall arising as a result of the company's insolvency. This principle has, in a number of jurisdictions undergone statutory change such that in certain circumstances, the directors and others who were concerned with the management of the company may be made liable to contribute, personally, to meet the payment – in part or entirely – of the company's debts. This paper aims to explore this statutory jurisdiction. It also seeks to describe succinctly the process by which the shift from unlimited to limited liability trading was achieved. It will end by examining briefly a comparatively new phenomenon, namely that of a shift in the focus of the directors' duties from company and shareholders to the creditors as the company becomes insolvent and nears the stage of a formal declaration of its insolvent status – the so-called 'zone of insolvency'.
Behoort die saaklike ooreenkoms aan vormvereistes onderwerp te word?
Authors: Schutte PJW
Published: June 2017

No formalities are required in South African law in respect of the real agreement relating to the transfer of ownership in immovable property. The agreement is, for example, derived from surrounding circumstances, such as the fact that the parties concluded an obligatory agreement which is aimed at the transfer of property, or the fact that the transferor has signed a power of attorney, or the fact that the transferee has paid transfer duty. However, this circumstantial evidence is not conclusive proof that an agreement to transfer property has in fact been concluded. The transferor might have signed the power of attorney, for example, while he was erroneously under the impression that he was signing an option, or the transferee might refuse to take delivery because the property does not correspond to the thing agreed upon. In each situation neither of the parties has the intention to transfer property, and ownership could therefore not be transferred. Yet registration is possible even in the absence of a valid real agreement. This may result in an incorrect register because the person who is indicated as the owner is in fact not. It therefore appears that there is a deficiency in South African law with regard to land registration and a need for greater certainty regarding the question as to whether or not a real agreement has in fact been concluded. In this paper two solutions are explored: (1) the defect can be rectified by requiring the parties to appear (either in person or by a representative) before a conveyancer and to declare that they respectively intend to transfer and obtain property, as is the case in the Netherlands and Germany. The conveyancer should reduce the agreement to writing and the document by which the parties are bound should then be lodged with the registrar as proof of the real agreement; (2) the real agreement may be incorporated into the deed of transfer. Any one of these proposals will remove any doubt regarding the existence of the real agreement and will ensure that the register reflects the true legal position.
Editorial
Authors: Venter Francois
Published: June 2017

This edition contains an interesting mixture of contributions from various parts of the world and from the perspective of various disciplines of the law.o Dr. Timothy I Akomolede of the Olabisi Onabanjo University in Nigeria highlights a number of legal and socio-economic problems that have been engendered by the emergence of electronic commerce, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria.
"The show must go on!" Beserings van dramastudente tydens opleiding
Authors: Snyman Rika , Deacon Jaco
Published: June 2017

This article also tries to compare the situation of a student sports person injured while participating in university sports, and a drama student injured during a performance or rehearsal of a play. It is stated that the relationship between the drama student and lecturer is similar to the relationship between a sports person and his/her coach, but the relationship differs in that a sports person’s risk of getting hurt is much greater than that of a drama student, The contracts between sports players and their authorities are also stipulated in much more detail than the contracts (if any) between the drama students and the university. It is concluded that the legislation is not clear on the specific matters where a student undergoes practical training while they are still studying. The suggestion is that a sectoral determination must be put in place to regulate the relationship, the remuneration, the working hours and the working conditions and risks involved.
Polygynous Muslim Marriages in South Africa: Their Potential Impact on the Incidence of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Moosa N
Published: June 2017

This article examines whether there is any relationship between the institution of polygynous marriages in Islam and the incidence or spread of the disease. It is suggested that, while polygyny may be a contributing factor, it is not the institution of marriage per se that relates to the disease (although the prospect of greater infection intra marriage must be present in polygynous marriages, if the husband is the infecting party), but the conduct of the parties to the marriage relationship, whatever its nature.The focus and thrust lies with the institution of polygyny in Islam, the South African response to polygyny, the (potential) impact of polygyny on the incidence of AIDS, and the contribution that both an informed approach to HIV and an enlightened approach to the application of Islamic values could or would have on the limitation of the disease's spread
Formulating specialised Legislation to address the Growing Spectre of Cybercrime: A Comparative Study
Authors: Cassim Fawzia
Published: June 2017

The article looks at cyber legislation formulated to address cybercrime in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Australia, India, the Gulf States and South Africa. The study reveals that the inability of national laws to address the challenges posed by cybercrime has led to the introduction of specialised cyber legislation. It is advocated that countries should amend their procedural laws to include intangible evidence of cybercrime, as opposed to tangible evidence of traditional crimes. It is possible that new forms of cybercrime will often emerge with evolving technology; therefore new cyber laws should be introduced to respond to these rapid changes. There should also be continuous research and training of IT security personnel, financial services sector personnel, police officers, prosecutors and the judiciary to keep them abreast of the evolving technology. International co-operation between countries is also required to address the global nature of cybercrime. To this end countries such as South Africa should ratify the Council of Europe’s Convention on Cybercrime (COECC) to serve as a deterrent against international cybercrime. A balanced approach that considers the protection of fundamental human rights and the need for the effective prosecution of cybercrime has been mooted as the way forward.
NEURODYNAMIC MOBILIZATION REDUCES INTRANEURAL FIBROSIS AFTER SCIATIC CRUSH LESION IN RATS
Authors: Lima Êmyle Martins , Santana Herman Henrique Silva , Medrado Alena Peixoto , Martinez Ana Maria Blanco , Baptista Abrahão Fontes
Published: June 2017

Peripheral nerve lesions may be associated with abnormal scarring that lead to regenerative failure and dysfunction. Neurodynamic mobilization (NM) imposes controlled mechanical loads on the peripheral nerve and may influence inflammation and collagen deposition after a lesion. However, there is lack of experimental data to support these claims. Objective: To evaluate the impact of NM in the intraneural number of mast cells, collagen deposition and number of blood vessels after an ischiatic crush lesion in rats. Methods: This is a laboratory animal study, where 20 rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into two groups, NM (n=10) and control (n=10), submitted to a right ischiatic nerve lesion. A tensioning NM began 10 days after lesion, and was maintained once a day, six times a week, for three weeks. After this period, the animals were euthanized and the nerves assessed for the number of mast cells, collagen area and number of blood vessels. Results: NM led to a lower number of degranulated mast cells (Kruskal-Wallis=0.29 p<0.05), organization of collagen deposition (Kruskal-Wallis = 0.01, p<0.05 ).  There was no influence of NM on the number of intraneural blood vessels (Kruskal-Wallis=0.46 p<0.05). Conclusion: NM started 10 days after a ischiatic nerve crush lesion modulates the inflammatory process and prevents random deposition of collagen at the lesion site, but has no influence on blood vessels formation.
Simulating reads for detection of transportable element insertions v1
Authors: Yu Qichao , Wei Zhang not provided , Xiaolong Zhang not provided , Yongli Zeng not provided , Yeming Wang not provided , Yanhui Wang not provided , Liqin Xu not provided , Xiaoyun Huang not provided , Nannan Li not provided , Xinlan Zhou not provided , Jie Lu not provided , Xiaosen Guo not provided , Guibo Li not provided , Yong Hou not provided , Shiping Liu not provided , Bo Li not provided
Published: June 2017

We simulate paired-end reads for testing the accuracy and sensitivity of ourcomputer program for detection of transportable element (TE) insertions (also called Mobile Element Insertions, MEIs). we named the software "Specific Insertions Detector (SID)".
The Study of Parents’ Words, Behavior and Attitude as the Means to Build the Children’s Character in Bulukumba Regency
Authors: Darmawati Darmawati , Tolla Achmad , Maman Mayong
Published: June 2017

Parents’ words, behavior and attitude can serve as the media or means to build the children’s character. This research is aimed to describe, analyze, and explain the implementation of parents’ words, behavior and attitude as the means to build the children’s positive character in Bulukumba Regency. The data includes parents and children speech, while the research resources were from the parents by using hand phone as the tool. The other instrument used during the research was the field note. The data of the research were analyses using the model created by Miles and Huberman (1993) consisting of data collection, unitization, note taking, service, and the tentative or temporary conclusion drawing, validation, final conclusion or hypothesis. The result of the research showed that the words, behavior and attitude of the parents toward the children in Bulukumba can be seen as follows: 1) utterance used with the declarative way which is meant as asking, containing communicative, friendship and character values 2) the implementation of the parents’ words, behavior and attitude in accordance with the imperative way possesses creative character building. 3) Words uttered in interrogative way which means urgent, possesses honest character building.
The Impact of Explicit Integrated Strategies Instruction on IELTS Applicants' Listening Comprehension
Authors: Nikoopour Jahanbakhsh , Moakhar Roozbeh Kargar , Esfandiari Nadimeh
Published: June 2017

Listeners in a foreign language will not be able to activate the full range of strategies available to a native speaker. Because of variables such as language proficiency, motivation, age, aptitude and the like, they will be at various stages of approximation to full competence. One way to eliminate the obstacles to efficient listening comprehension is strategy instruction. The present study attempted to explore the impact of the explicit instruction of cognitive and memory strategies on IELTS candidates' listening comprehension. The sample consisted of 88 adult male/female EFL learners who attended IELTS preparation classes regularly, and were randomly assigned into three groups. Two groups were as experimental groups, in which eight memory and cognitive strategies were taught explicitly, whereas the third group did not benefit from the explicit instruction of strategies. The analysis of the data showed that the experimental groups outperformed the control group in listening, but the difference between the two experimental groups was not statistically significant. In fact, in both groups in which cognitive or memory strategies were taught explicitly, the mean scores in listening comprehension did not prove to be significant. In further analysis, the applicants' gender did not make a difference in listening comprehension.
Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain: Current perspectives of indications, cost-effectiveness, complications and results
Authors: Camporeze Bruno , Simm Renata Faria , Estevão Iracema Araújo , Junior Luis Roberto Mathias , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de , Carrondo-Cottin Sylvine
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been described as a valuable neuromodulating procedure in the management of chronic and medically untreated neuropathic pain. Although, many studies have discussed the use of this technique, a question still remains regarding its efficacy in different medical conditions with different etiology in the long term. The aim of this paper is to discuss the risks, complications, cost-effectiveness and results of SCS in patients affected by chronic neuropathic pain based on the comprehensive literature review.

Methods: Bibliographic search of references from 1950 to 2016 using the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, and applied language as selection criteria, choosing preferably recent articles written in Portuguese, Spanish or English.

Results: Based on literature review, SCS is a safe, reversible, adjustable and nondestructive surgical procedure demonstrating a significant effect in the reduction of pain intensity and improvement in quality of life in these patients. Furthermore, in spite of the initial high cost to its application, SCS has been associated with lower rates of complications and high rates of cost-effectiveness when compared to standard therapies.

Conclusion: Although used in medical conditions with different etiology, the procedure is still an effective and a cost-effective approach to neuropathic pain, mainly in patients affected by failed back pain syndrome (FBSS) and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).
Mikrorechner in modularen Anlagen
Authors: Barth Mike
Published: June 2017

Die Diskussionen rund um die Schlagworte Digitalisierung, digitale Transformation, Industrie 4.0, cyber-physische Systeme oder Internet of Things führen zu neuen, teilweise disruptiven technischen Anforderungen für die Anlagenautomatisierung. Als Beispiel für diese Entwicklung steht die Anforderung nach flexibleren Anlagenstrukturen mit der Möglichkeit zur Produktion kleiner Chargen oder Stückzahlen in Verbindung mit einer schnellstmöglichen Rekonfiguration der Anlage für die Herstellung eines anderen Produkts. Eine technische Antwort hierauf ist die Modularisierung, das heißt, die Strukturierung einer Gesamtanlage in funktionale Teile, die als Modul definierte Schnittstellen nach außen aufweisen und so mit anderen Modulen kombiniert werden können. Der Beitrag beschreibt aktuelle Untersuchungen zu Umsetzungsvarianten der Modularisierung für möglichst schlanke Automatisierungsarchitekturen. Hierbei werden die direkte Modulkommunikation sowie der Einsatz neuester Mikrorechner dargestellt. Die mit der neuen Technologie entstehende Offenheit ermöglicht den Einsatz höherwertiger Dienste in der Automatisierungstechnik, was am Beispiel von digitalen Anlagenzwillingen erläutert wird.
Strengthening the Planning Process of Motivational Interviewing Using Goal Attainment Scaling
Authors: Lewis Todd F. , Larson Mary F. , Korcuska James S.
Published: June 2017

Client-centered, outcomes-based mental health counseling is driving the behavioral health field toward identifying mechanisms to facilitate specific, measurable goal setting and tracking with clients. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based, collaborative, goal-oriented style of counseling; however, the fourth process of MI, planning, is not as well defined as the other MI processes, especially related to goal setting. Goal attainment scaling (GAS) is a method for setting measurable goals and assessing clinical progress. The combination of MI and GAS has potential to be a valuable clinical tool to establish client-centered goals, monitor goal attainment, and provide feedback within clinical mental health settings. Therefore, we propose that the MI planning process can be enhanced by incorporating GAS. However, research is needed to substantiate the feasibility of the proposed integration. A brief case study is provided to illustrate key concepts.
Psychotherapists' Empathy for Childfree Women of Intersecting Age and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Ngoubene-Atioky Arlette J. , Williamson-Taylor Claudette , Inman Arpana G. , Case John
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the study was to discern the empathy ability of psychotherapists for childfree female clients with intersectional identities. Each participating psychotherapist was randomly assigned to view one of four mock video sessions with a childfree woman of varying age and socioeconomic status (SES). Psychotherapists rated their ability to empathize for the woman in their assigned mocked video. An analysis of variance revealed that psychotherapists experienced higher empathy ability for a childfree woman of younger age and lower SES than for an older and upper-SES childfree woman. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Biofotogrametric and electromyographic analysis in different position in women with temporomandibular disorder.
Authors: Silva Muriel Priebe e , Milanesi Jovana de Moura , Pasinato Fernanda , Veron Helenize , Antunes Ana Gabrieli Ferreira , Corrêa Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The relationship established between TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint), cranium and cervical spine requires the synchrony of these structures for the proper performance of stomatognathic functions and muscle balance in this region. Objective: Evaluate the craniocervical posture and the electrical activity of masticatory and cervical muscles in sitting and standing positions in patients with TMD, correlating these variables. Method: The participants were 21 women, with mean age 28 ± 5.33 years and severe TMD. The participants were evaluated by electromyography of the masseter, anterior temporal and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and upper trapezius muscles, bilaterally, in standing and sitting position. The body posture was evaluated by biophotogrammetry, with analysis of the Head Horizontal Alignment (HHA) and Acromion Horizontal Alignment (AHA) in frontal view and the Head Vertical Alignment (HVA) and Head Horizontal Alignment related to seventh cervical vertebra (HHAc7) in lateral view. Results: The electrical activity of masticatory muscles during resting did not differ between the different evaluated positions. During maximum intercuspation, the electrical activity was significantly lower in the left masseter (p=0.016), higher in the left anterior temporal muscle (p=0.046) and higher in the right (p=0.005) and left (p=0.015) upper trapezius muscles, in standing position when compared to sitting position. The photogrammetric values found were within the normal range. There was a significant and moderate negative correlation between the left SCM muscle and the right (r=0.386) and left (r=0.428) HHAc7 angle. Conclusions: Muscular electrical activity was modified with the change between sitting and standing positions, with an increase in cervical muscle recruitment and asynchrony of the masticatory muscles. Thus, it can be inferred that there is a postural destabilization with possible head anteriorization during maximum intercuspation, reinforcing the relation of synergy between the masticatory and cervical muscles.