bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of parity and lactation stage on milk yield, udder and teat morphometric traits of Friesian-Bunaji crossed cows
Authors: Achi N.P. , Achi J.N. , Mallam I.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Data for this study were collected from 40 multiparous (F1) Friesian x Bunaji cows at the dairy herd of the National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) Shika, Nigeria, to assess the effect of parity and lactation stage on milk yield, udder and teat morphometric traits of Friesian-Bunaji crossed cows as well the relationships between the parameters measured. The data collected include udder circumference (UC), udder depth (UD), udder width (UW), fore teat length (FTL), and hind teat length (HTL) and were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The means with significant difference were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test modelled in SAS (2004) statistical package and the correlation analysis was performed using correlation procedure in SAS to identify relationships between morphometric traits and milk yield. The results obtained showed that parity had significant (p<0.05) effect on udder circumference, hind teat length and milk yield. The highest udder circumference (23.60±2.50 cm) and hind teat length (2.80±0.34 cm), respectively, were found in parity 5 and the least ones were obtained in parity 1. Parity 2 had significantly (p<0.05) higher milk yield (8.60±0.72 litres) followed by parity 4 (7.13±1.14 litres) but similar to parity 3 (6.67±0.58 litres) and the least (6.20±1.24 litre) was obtained in parity 5 (6.20±1.24 litres) but similar with parity 1 (6.25±0.75 litres). The results for lactation stage revealed no significant (p>0.05) difference in all the parameters except milk yield. The early lactation stage had significantly (p<0.05) higher milk yield (8.15±0.35 litre) followed by mid lactation stage (5.80±0.58 litre) but similar with the milk yield (4.38±0.86 litre) at late lactation stage. The results obtained for correlation indicated that the udder and teat morphometric traits and the milk yield measured showed varying degrees of relationships. The phenotypic correlations were positive and negative, low to high ranging from 0.00 to 0.69. The highest correlation coefficient (r=0.69; p<0.01) was obtained between udder circumference and udder depth. All the udder and teat morphometric traits measured were negatively correlated with the milk yield except udder width (UW) and had no significant (p>0.05) difference.
Based on the results in this study, it can be concluded that parity has effect on udder circumference, hind teat length and milk yield with second parity having the highest milk yield 8.60±0.72 litre/day), while lactation stage had no effect in all the morphometric traits except on milk yield with the early stage having the highest milk yield (8.15±0.35 litre/day). The second parity and early lactation stage are recommended for high milk yield in Friesian x Bunaji cows in the studied area.
Long-term immune response and antibody dynamics after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy
Authors: Kotwica-Strzałek Ewa , Jędrych Ewelina , Rymarz Aleksandra , Romejko Katarzyna , Smoszna Jerzy , Korsak Jolanta , Marczak Iwona , Gielerak Grzegorz , Niemczyk Stanisław
Published: July 2024

Introduction and objective: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has triggered a global pandemic, particularly affecting individuals with comorbidities and those on renal replacement therapy. Vaccination has become a critical strategy, although evidence indicates suboptimal immunity in these groups compared to the general population. Material and methods: The study assessed the post-vaccination response in 121 patients undergoing renal replacement therapy and 104 control individuals. IgG antibody levels against glycoprotein S were measured twice: the first sample was collected 4–8 months after two vaccine doses, and the second sample 6–8 months after third dose. Results: In both groups, antibody titres significantly increased after the third vaccine dose, with no notable difference between the control and study groups after two vaccine doses (p < 0.001). The findings revealed no statistically significant difference in antibody levels between the two groups. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in infection frequency after three vaccine doses (p = 0.072). Patients who contracted COVID-19 after the third vaccination had lower antibody levels during the first blood draw, suggesting a potential impact on immunity. Among dialysis patients, a correlation was found between IgG antibody titres (in the first blood draw) and a longer time interval between the first and second vaccine doses (p = 0.021). The regression analysis indicated that a 1-unit increase in antibody level resulted in a 0.1% reduction in the risk of infection. Conclusions: The results imply that achieving immunity comparable to the general population is possible among patients undergoing renal replacement therapy more than half a year after receiving three vaccine doses. The study also introduces the hypothesis of a delayed antibody response.
Tonalidad burlesca y finalidad satírica en la poesía de Luis de Góngora: a propósito de tres sonetos de viajes frustrados
Authors: Pezzini Sara
Published: July 2024

El artículo arranca de algunas consideraciones teóricas y analíticas en torno a la poesía satírico-burlesca de Luis de Góngora; a continuación, se propone mostrar la convergencia de actitud crítica y postura lúdica, de finalidad satírica y tonalidad burlesca, en tres sonetos del mismo repertorio para reflexionar sobre el sentido del mecanismo de hibridación de las dos vertientes en la poesía de Góngora y sus consecuencias formales.
Ponce Cárdenas, Jesús y Alberto Fadón Duarte, (eds.), Estudios de tradición áurea. Poesía del Siglo de Oro y su proyección en la lírica de los siglos XX y XXI, Salamanca, Editorial Delirio (Río de Oro), 2023, 152 pp. (ISBN: 978-84-15739-46-3)
Authors: Díez-de-Revenga Francisco-Javier
Published: July 2024

Book Review
Społeczno-gospodarcze uwarunkowania skuteczności bojowej Kozackiego Wojska Zabajkalskiego w wojnie rosyjsko-japońskiej 1904–1905
Authors: Igielski Rafał ,   Uniwersytet Wrocławski
Published: July 2024

This text is about role of Transbaikal Cossack community during Russ-Japan War of 1904–1905, with particular emphasis on influence of their social and economic situation on military effectiveness. Transbaikal Cossacks were the biggest part of Cossack forces and cavalry on the theater of operations in Manchuria. They had excellent horses but also lack of military experience and bad training of soldiers, which led to lack of, expected before the war, important successes on the battlefield, in cavalry raids and during distant reconnaissance. They had mostly not enough brave and trained soldiers to spectacular charges on horseback and to fight with enemy’s cavalry on armee blanche. Conclusions are as follow: Transbaikal Cossack community in the realities of the early 20 th century modern warfare was emanation of anachronic formation from earlier ages.
Православная Церковь и ее значение на территории Сибири
Authors: Szeliga Michał ,   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Published: July 2024

Almost all of Siberia is part of the Russian Federation. As it is well known, the main, and once the state religion prevailing in Russia is Orthodoxy. It is clear that after the capture of new Siberian territories it began to spread there. This publication describes how the spiritual development of Siberia took place, how long it took, with what purpose it was carried out and what results were achieved by the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church among the indigenous population of Siberia, who professed and confessed paganism, as well as Islam and Buddhism. The methods to which the missionaries resorted in order to induce the natives to accept the new faith are also mentioned. Examples of several Siberian peoples and their attitude to the Orthodox faith at present are also considered.
Comparison of solutions to the task of IT product configuration items early identification using hierarchical clusterization methods
Authors: Ievlanov Maksym , Vasiltcova Nataliya , Panforova Iryna , Moroz Borys , Martynenko Andrii , Moroz Dmytro
Published: July 2024

The object of this study is the IT project configuration management process.
During the research, the problem of early identification of configuration items (CI) in the information system (IS) of enterprise management was solved. Research in this field is mainly aimed at solving the task of early identification of services and microservices during the refactoring of software systems. The issue of the application of artificial intelligence methods for the detection of CI has not been sufficiently investigated.
During the study, the Chameleon hierarchical clustering method was adapted to solve the problem of early identification of CI IS. This method takes into account both the internal similarity and the connectivity of individual functions of the studied IS.
The adapted Chameleon method was used when solving the task of early identification of CI in the functional task "Formation and maintenance of an individual plan of a scientific and pedagogical employee of the department". 10 functions and 12 essences of the problem database were considered as the initial CIs. The result of the solution is a dendrogram with all possible options for decomposition of the description of the task architecture into individual CIs.
Based on the results, a comparative analysis of the use of Chameleon, DIANA, and AGNES methods for solving the problem of early identification was carried out. According to the criteria "Number of vertices of the dendrogram", "Number of levels of decomposition of the dendrogram", and "Evenness of filling the elements of the dendrogram", the results from using the Chameleon method are the best.
Using the research results allows automating the procedure of forming backlogs of IT project implementation teams. This makes it possible to improve the quality of IS development by assigning IS containing similar functions to the same IT project executor
The result of the investigation of a new micromodule gas burner with a sudden expansion at the outlet
Authors: Dostiyarov Abay , Sarakeshova Nurbubi , Yamanbekova Ayaulym
Published: July 2024

The object of the study is a new micromodule gas burner for small hot water boilers, in which, to stabilize combustion, the phenomena of flow disruption due to sudden expansion at the outlet of the burner are used. Today, there is an urgent task related to the development of new technical solutions for the most efficient and environmentally pure combustion of fuel in power plants, particularly, it is necessary to pay special attention to the stabilization of the flare. The combustion characteristics in this burner have been studied experimentally and theoretically, calculations are given for modeling a micromodule gas burner with a sudden expansion at the outlet, in particular, the model of a burner device for burning natural gas (propane) was modeled in the Ansys Fluent 2021 R1 software package. As a result of the experiment, the length of the torch was reduced, as well as the concentrations of harmful NOx emissions were reduced with improved indicators of combustion completeness and temperature uniformity of the field. The results of experiments with different nozzles are presented, namely nozzles with slots at the outlet d1 – 0.12 m and d2 – 0.15 m. The number of modes in each experiment is 5. Mathematical modeling of this burner with the possibility of evaluating the effectiveness of these measures will allow us to develop optimal operating modes of power plants and develop new technical solutions to reduce the emission of pollutants. Based on the experimental data obtained, graphs were constructed (completeness of combustion, temperature unevenness, concentration of substances), and the results were summarized. In general, these characteristics will increase the efficiency of using this burner in hot water boilers
Devising a technique for descending the illumination elements of aerial vehicles
Authors: Makeev Vasyl , Derevjanchuk Anatoliy , Vakal Andrii , Liapa Mykola
Published: July 2024

The object of this study is the process of descending illumination elements equipped with a braking device in the form of two-bladed grills rotating in different directions. The classic parachute method does not provide the necessary speed of descent, it has low illumination parameters and significant drift of illumination elements by side wind.
To solve the tasks set, mathematical dependences were obtained for calculating the aerodynamic characteristics of the descent device with the illumination element and its delivery to the ejection point. The drag and lift force coefficients during the flow around the blades of a dual-rotor impeller with different Reynolds numbers were determined by the method of numerical modeling based on the ANSYS CFX software package. The optimal geometric characteristics of the profile satisfying the condition for the necessary speed of descent of the illumination element at the given weight of the descent apparatus were determined.
Reasonable requirements for illumination parameters and an improved composition of the flare have been proposed.
A mathematical model of the movement of a body of variable mass to the point of ejection of the illumination element was built.
The new design of the descent device makes it possible to reduce the speed of descent by 10–15 % and increase the weight of the payload by 20–30 %. The proposed illumination composition provides sufficient illumination of the object for 5 minutes with a light intensity of 2–2,5 million candelas and an average diameter of the illuminated area of 2000–2500 m. The mathematical model of the movement of a variable mass body to the point of the illumination element ejection makes it possible to determine with high accuracy the gun firing settings with illumination ammunition (30–40 % more accurate) and the time of ejection of illumination elements.
Results of the current research make it possible to solve the scientific problem of ensuring the maximum efficiency of illuminating the terrain at night
Forecasting the cutting force in end milling
Authors: Petrakov Yuri , Ohrimenko Olexander , Gladskyi Maksym
Published: July 2024

The object of this study is the process of end milling, taking into account the discontinuity of the process, simultaneous cutting with several flutes arranged in a spiral, tool runout, and feedback in the elastic machining system, in particular, for the depth of cutting. The subject of the study is the cutting force and identification of its empirical model. During identification, the cutting force coefficient is automatically determined when matching the theoretical and experimental oscillograms of the cutting force component. The reported results related to forecasting the cutting force at end milling are based on a mechanistic approach and involve the process modeling method for forecasting. The simulation uses an algorithm for representing the interaction of the cutter flutes workpiece engagement, based on the scan of the cutter according to the rotation angle coordinate. The algorithm makes it possible to identify empirical coefficients and exponents of the cutting force model based on experimental oscillograms of cutting force components. The built model is implemented in an application program and owing to the representation of the machining system in the form of a closed structural diagram, it allows predicting the elastic displacement, which will determine the actual cutting depth. The developed program under an interactive mode using digital files of experimental cutting force components makes it possible to perform model identification and predict cutting force components with an error of 4.6 %. The adequacy of the algorithms was confirmed by measuring the profile of the machined surface in the places where the cutting mode changed with the feed stopped. The developed simulation algorithm makes it possible to take into account the simultaneous cutting by several flutes arranged in a spiral, the runout of the tool, and the feedback in the elastic machining system, in particular, the depth of cutting
Development of a method for assessing the state of dynamic objects using a combined swarm algorithm
Authors: Shyshatskyi Andrii , Dmytriieva Oksana , Lytvynenko Oleksandr , Borysov Ihor , Vakulenko Yuliia , Mukashev Temerbay , Mordovtsev Oleksandr , Kashkevich Svitlana , Lyashenko Anna , Velychko Vira
Published: July 2024

The object of the study is complex dynamic objects. The subject of the study is the decision-making process in the problems of managing complex dynamic objects. A method of assessing the state of dynamic objects using a combined swarm algorithm is proposed. The research is based on a combined swarm algorithm - for finding a solution to the state of dynamic objects with a hierarchical structure. To train the individuals of the combined swarm algorithm (CSA), evolving artificial neural networks are used, and to select the best in the combined swarm algorithm, an improved genetic algorithm is used. The originality of the method is:
– in taking into account the type of uncertainty and noise of data during the operation of the combined swarm algorithm due to the use of appropriate correction factors;
– in the implementation of adaptive strategies for the search for food sources due to setting appropriate search priorities;
– in taking into account the presence of a predator while choosing food sources by the flock agents of the combined swarm algorithm, which allows excluding unwanted search areas;
– in the additional consideration of the available computing resources of the state analysis system of complex dynamic objects while determining the maximum permissible parameters of the combined swarm algorithm;
– in the possibility of changing the search area and speed of movement by separate individuals of the flock of the combined swarm algorithm;
– in determining the best individuals of the flock of the combined swarm algorithm using an improved genetic algorithm;
– in training knowledge bases, carried out by training the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, the type and parameters of the membership function, the architecture of individual elements and the architecture of the artificial neural network as a whole.
The method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of data processing at the level of 14–20 % by using additional improved procedures. The proposed method should be used to solve problems of evaluating complex dynamic objects
Development of a method for managing technical systems using a bio-inspired algorithm
Authors: Sova Oleg , Dmytriiev Illia , Kuchuk Nina , Yefymenko Oleksandr , Lytvynenko Nataliia , Plekhova Ganna , Shatrov Andrii , Chemerys Yevheniy , Dovbenko Oleksii , Stoichev Maksym
Published: July 2024

Today’s management solutions depend precisely on the successful solution of optimization problems, which are discontinuous, undifferentiated and multimodal. One of the approaches to increase the efficiency of solving optimization problems is bio-inspired algorithms. The object of the study is complex dynamic objects. The subject of the study is the decision-making process in the problems of managing complex dynamic objects. A management method using a bio-inspired algorithm is proposed. The research is based on the goose algorithm – for finding a solution to the state of dynamic objects with a hierarchical structure. Evolving artificial neural networks are used to train goose agents (GA) and an advanced genetic algorithm is used to select the best ones in the combined swarm algorithm.
The originality of the proposed method lies in setting GA taking into account the uncertainty of the initial data, improved global and local search procedures. Also, the originality of the study lies in determining GA food locations, which allows choosing the priority of search in a given direction. The next element in the originality of the study is the ability to determine the indicators of guard GA, which allows adjusting the amount of time during which the GA flock will be located. Another original element of the study is the determination of the initial velocity of each GA. This makes it possible to optimize the speed of conducting exploration by each GA in a certain research direction. The method allows increasing the efficiency of data processing at the level of 10–12 % by using additional improved procedures. The proposed method should be used to solve problems of evaluating complex dynamic objects
Method for synthesizing the concept of automating the system to manage personnel training processes based on categorial analysis
Authors: Nykyforov Alexey , Nykyforov Anton , Antoshchenkov Roman , Polyansky Pavlo , Halych Ivan , Kis Victor , Dombrovska Alla , Kilimnik Inna , Usyk Andrii
Published: July 2024

This paper considers a three-level system for managing personnel training within the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.
When devising the concept of automating control processes in systems of this kind, the key issue is to ensure completeness in significant aspects of the management process. Insufficient conceptual completeness compromises effectiveness of the automated system for organizational control (ASOC) and causes difficulties (impossibility) in its further modernization.
A method has been proposed for formulating functional tasks (FTs) in specialized software (SSW) for ASOC based on categorical analysis in combination with the provisions of the conceptual design of automated control systems (ACS). The application of this method was demonstrated using an example of the system for managing personnel training. Categorical analysis of the management process was carried out for the strategic, operational, and tactical hierarchical levels of the system based on three dual pairs. Eight control aspects were obtained. On their basis, 79 FTs were stated for the strategic level. For the operational and tactical levels, by taking into account the specificity of training, the number of aspects was 2; FTs ‒ 204 and 195, respectively. An example has been given for two of the eight aspects of control, their interpretation and formulation of FTs for the strategic level of management.
The generated FTs represent the concept of ASOC and provide, within the established boundaries of analysis, the completeness of control aspects in personnel training.
The reported results are of interest in the conceptual design of large ASOC, as well as in the formation of technical specifications for software developers
A robust optimization to dynamic supplier decisions and supply allocation problems in the multi-retail industry
Authors: Aryza Solly , Efendi Syahril , Sihombing Poltak , Sawaluddin Sawaluddin
Published: July 2024

The research focuses on multi-retail distribution with a strategic distribution network. Challenges include intense competition, logistical and transportation complexities requiring robust infrastructure like warehouses and efficient supply chain management, as well as operational inefficiencies and distribution costs. To address these issues, a model is applied to make strategic decisions, such as determining the necessary number of facilities to minimize total supply chain network operational costs and infrastructure for retail distribution. The outcome is a model that introduces a novel approach to enhancing supply chain efficiency and effectiveness from production to distribution stages, thereby reducing system costs, including ordering costs and inventory handling. Costs and loss costs resulting from remaining products produced can be minimized by considering networks, multiple suppliers, multiple warehouses, Distribution Centers (DC), multiple retailers, and multiple products, factoring in the distances between facilities in the network. Subsequently, comprehensive testing of inspection, distribution, and retail parameters is conducted, with a focus on specific periods and product types. When applying this model, certain characteristics need to be considered regarding the importance of selecting efficient suppliers of goods, such as procurement, performance improvement, and the number of supply chains and supply chain systems. This research introduces novelty in production methods that can lead to increased customer satisfaction, sales, market share, profit margins, more effective brand advertising, and revenue streams. In this process, the research undergoes a training, testing, and validation process in forming a strategic multi-retail distribution network model, spanning a total of 52 epochs. This process yields accuracy values for training at 90 %, testing at 92 %, and validation at 94 %
Development of an evaluation method using a combined cat swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Tarkhan Aqeel Bahr , Kuchuk Heorhii , Stanovska Iraida , Golian Vira , Golian Nataliia , Zharova Oksana , Kryzhanivskyi Yevhen , Liubarets Andrii , Zvershkhovskyi Igor , Fysiuk Artem
Published: July 2024

The object of the study is complex dynamic objects with a hierarchical structure. The problem solved in the study is to increase the efficiency of decision-making while ensuring the given reliability. The subject of the study is the process of decision-making in management problems using an improved cat swarm optimization algorithm (CSO), an improved genetic algorithm and evolving artificial neural networks.
The proposed method, due to additional and improved procedures, allows you:
– to take into account the type of uncertainty of the initial data for setting CA for the local search procedure;
– to implement adaptive strategies for finding food sources by CA;
– to take into account the experience of the most authoritative CA while conducting local and global search;
– to take into account the available computing resources of the state analysis system of complex dynamic objects and determine their required amount for involvement;
– to take into account the CA search priority;
– to determine the best CA using an improved genetic algorithm;
– to conduct training of knowledge bases, which is carried out by training the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, the type and parameters of the membership function, and architecture of individual elements and the architecture of the artificial neural network as a whole;
– to avoid the local extremum problem by using the jump procedure.
The proposed method was tested on the example of solving the problem of determining the composition of an operational group of troops (forces) and elements of its operational structure. An example of using the method showed an increase in the efficiency of data processing at the level of 14–19 % by using additional improved procedures.
The proposed approach should be used to solve the problems of evaluating complex and dynamic processes characterized by a high degree of complexity
Developing a technology for modeling radar portraits of complex-shape objects for intelligent recognition systems
Authors: Komar Mykola , Sieriebriakov Artem , Tymchyshyn Roman , Bondar Serhii
Published: July 2024

The object of this study is the modeling of radar portraits (RPs) for intelligent recognition systems based on the use of faceted 3D models. In order to solve the problems of target identification in homing systems of high-precision missile weapons, a technology is needed that could make it possible to efficiently and quickly generate RPs of military objects of complex shape in the required quantity.
The research results are based on a combination of separate component technologies, in particular: the devised technology of using faceted 3D models – their construction and further processing with invisible surfaces excluded from it for an arbitrary viewing angle. The basic part of the work is the development of an algorithm and technological procedures for the formation of a spatial tracing grid for the current observation angle. A feature of the proposed technology is the application of a facet selection algorithm using an array of tracing facets and the application of the Huygens-Fresnel principle to recognize objects of complex shape.
The RP database of military objects of complex shape was built. The results of modeling faceted RP’s, in particular the armored boat "Gyurza-M", are given.
The results of the experimental study showed the ability to recognize the type of military object of complex shape at the level of 80‒90 %, which makes the use of this technology appropriate for recognizing military objects of complex shape.
The achieved high-speed and quality characteristics of RP generation of military objects of a complex shape makes it possible to assume that the main prospective field of practical application is the identification and visual interpretation of targets in homing systems of high-precision missile weapons
Development of a mobile wind power plant for power supply to troops
Authors: Adilbekov Erkin , Kabulov Bolat , Tugelbayeva Gulmira , Ybray Sultan
Published: July 2024

The study examined the feasibility of using wind energy to supply energy to field military shooting ranges of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The object of study is a mobile wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation. Theoretical studies have identified key factors influencing turbine modes and performance, which has led to the selection of optimal placement options. The proposed system took into account the power supply needs of troops in the field, with special attention to the energy-consuming equipment of field military shooting ranges as the main consumers. A comparative analysis has established the superiority of a mobile wind turbine with a vertical axis over traditional wind generators with a horizontal axis. The developed turbine design provides full coverage of the airflow regardless of direction, with an optimal blade angle of 60°. Theoretical studies included studying the airflow around the blade at different angles of attack, which provides insight into drag and lift. The basis for the development was the designed model of a mobile wind turbine, protected by a patent, characterized by mobility, sectionality and the ability to adapt to various environmental conditions. Its simple and compact design, combined with a vertical axis of rotation, ensures an uninterrupted power supply, especially at remote military installations and border areas. This research led to the development of a model for calculating the parameters of a mobile wind turbine suitable for powering troops in the field. The study demonstrates the potential of mobile wind power plants to significantly enhance energy reliability at military shooting ranges. The calculated results confirm the viability of mobile wind turbines in providing power support for shooting activities at these ranges
Development of a non-standard system for simplifying boolean functions
Authors: Solomko Mykhailo
Published: July 2024

The object of this study is models of low-power digital logic circuits. The problem being solved is the effectiveness of the technique for simplifying Boolean functions to obtain optimal structures of logic circuits. A new theorem of a non-standard system of simplification of Boolean functions has been formulated, according to which in order to obtain a minimal function it will suffice to perform all non-redundant operations of simple and/or super-gluing of variables, which ultimately provides a minimal function in the main basis without using an implicant table. Thus, the problem of simplifying Boolean functions to the simplest normal equivalent is solved in one step. The interpretation of the result is that the properties of 2-(n, b)-design combinatorial systems make it possible to reproduce the definition of logical operations of super-gluing variables, to represent logical operations in a different way, and vice versa. This, in turn, ensures the establishment of the locations of equivalent transformations on the binary structure of the truth table and the implication of a systematic procedure for simplifying Boolean functions by an analytical method. Special feature of the results is that unambiguous identification of the locations of equivalent transformations is possible even when different intervals of the Boolean space containing the 2-(n, b)-design systems have common modules.
It has been experimentally confirmed that the non-standard system improves the efficiency of simplifying Boolean functions, including partially defined ones, by 200–300 % compared to analogs.
In terms of application, a non-standard system for simplifying Boolean functions will ensure the transfer of innovations to material production: from conducting fundamental research, expanding the capabilities of digital component design technology to organizing serial or mass production of novelties
Determining the possibility of making mulberry wine by using the osmotic dehydration process
Authors: Samilyk Maryna , Nosyk Mykola , Ryzhkova Taisia , Bolhova Nataliia , Tkachuk Svetlana , Sakhnenko Anna , Petrenko Alla , Hrinchenko Dmytro , Hnoievyi Ihor
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to determine the possibility of using osmotic dehydration in the production of mulberry wine. Mulberry fruits (Mórus nígra L.) were mixed with 70 % sucrose solution and osmotic dehydration was carried out (τ=1 h, t=50±5 °C). At the stage of active fermentation, the osmotic solution separated from the fruits was added to the must (10 % by mass). Partially dehydrated mulberry fruits were infused for 12 hours in water at a temperature of 10–15 °C. The formed must was separated from the fruits, mixed with an osmotic solution, and a solution formed during pressing of dehydrated fruits. The mixture was fermented at 20±2 °C for 20 days under static conditions. At the end of fermentation, the young wine was kept at a temperature of 3–5 °C for 1 month. A second transfusion was performed, and its quality indicators were analyzed. It was established that the osmotic solutions formed during the osmotic dehydration of black mulberry fruits contain 42.60±0.25 mg/100 g of anthocyanins, which makes them an effective basis and additive for giving wine the desired sensory characteristics. The high content of anthocyanins in wine (35.8±0.5 mg/100 g) provides for its stable red-ruby color. As a result of hydrolysis, sucrose, which was the main component of the osmotic solution before mulberry dehydration, is transformed into glucose (27.74±0.05 g/100 g) and fructose (28.60±0.05 g/100 g). This significantly increases its biological value and gives the wine a harmonious taste characteristic of fruit wines. The wine made on the basis of mulberry fruit processing products is rated at 7.5 points. It had a pleasant taste and color, but a poorly developed aroma. Mulberry wine was classified as semi-dry because it had a low alcohol content (6±0.5 %), a low concentration of sugars (13.0±0.5 g/dm3), and a high concentration of volatile acids (1.4±0.5 g/dm3)
Determining the number of small-sized radars in a network with coherent signal processing for the detection of stealth aerial vehicles
Authors: Khudov Hennadii , Makoveichuk Oleksandr , Butko Ihor , Murzin Mykhajlo , Zvonko Andrii , Adamenko Anatolii , Bashynskyi Dmytro , Salnyk Oleh , Nyshchuk Andrii , Khudov Vladyslav
Published: July 2024

The object of this study is the process of determining the number of small-sized radars in the network when detecting stealth unmanned aerial vehicles. The main hypothesis of the study assumed that determining the optimal number of small-sized radars in the network will make it possible not to waste unnecessary resources of radars to detect stealth unmanned aerial vehicles.
The main stages of detection of a stealth unmanned aerial vehicle by a network of small-sized radars are:
– reception of the signal reflected from a stealth unmanned aerial vehicle by all small-sized radars of the network;
– coordinated filtering of incoming signals in each small-sized radar;
– compensation of phase shifts in each matched filter;
– coherent addition of output signals from each matched filter at the output of the receivers of each of the N small-sized radars performing reception;
– formation of a complex bypass at the output of the corresponding Doppler channel in each small-sized radar of the network;
– coherent processing of signals from all elements of the network of small-sized radars;
– detection of the output signal from the adder of coherent signals. At the same time, compensation for the random initial phase of signals reflected from a stealth unmanned aerial vehicle is also performed.
It has been established that the increase in the elements of the network of small-sized radars increases the value of the conditional probability of correct detection. Such an increase is more significant when the number of elements in the network of small-sized radars is increased to two or three. The gain in the signal/noise ratio when adding elements to the network of small-sized radars was evaluated. It was established that the optimal number of small-sized radars in a network with coherent signal processing when detecting stealth unmanned aerial vehicles is 2‒3 radars
Enhancing side die resistance to thermal shock in automotive casting: a comparative study of FCD550 and SKD6 materials
Authors: Patria Herry , Susanto Iwan , Belyamin Belyamin , Kamal Dianta Mustofa
Published: July 2024

Enhancement of side die resistance to thermal shock in mold disc car applications was achieved by substituting FCD550 material with SKD6 material. The primary issue addressed is the cracking of side dies due to thermal shock induced by an accelerated production process, leading to production halts and failure to meet large customer orders. The study aims to identify a material that can better withstand thermal shock than FCD550, thereby improving the durability of side dies and the overall productivity of the manufacturing process. The research involved direct production experiments, analyzing the materials FCD550 and SKD6, evaluating die characteristics, and assessing finished product attributes before and after material changes. Laboratory tests and machine-setting trials were conducted, varying production processes and assessing the results. The findings indicate that SKD6 is significantly more resistant to thermal shock than FCD550 in mold disc car applications. The study compared the strength of side die materials using data sheets and adjusted setting parameters under existing cooling conditions. Experimentation involved altering the standard temperature from 520 °C–545 °C to 532 °C–538 °C and reducing the soaking time from a minimum of 270–540 seconds to 332 seconds. This reduced soaking time from 69 seconds to 46 seconds and aging time from 190 seconds to 180 seconds, increasing casting productivity from 194,870 pieces/28 days to 213,311 pieces/28 days across seven machines, thereby fulfilling the customer’s requirement of 200,000 pieces/28 days without side die cracks. Durability testing on five product samples according to TSD5605G standards confirmed the quality as meeting customer specifications
Ignition detection method based on real-time measurements of a hazardous parameter in the environment
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Krainiukov Olekcii , Bezuhla Yuliia , Petukhova Olena , Melnychenko Andrii , Bogatov Oleg , Holovchenko Serhii , Nepsha Oleksandr , Yesipova Olha , Tishechkina Kateryna
Published: July 2024

The object of this study is a selective average of the dangerous parameters of the gas environment during the ignition of materials. Theoretical substantiation of the fire detection method based on testing the null hypothesis regarding the current difference of the specified selective averages of an arbitrary dangerous parameter of the gas environment has been performed. In this case, the significance of the current difference with respect to selective averages allows detection of ignition in real-time observation of an arbitrary dangerous parameter of the gas environment. The method makes it possible to set the level of significance for the current difference and at the same time provide for the maximum power of fire detection. Laboratory experiments were conducted to verify the proposed method for detecting ignition based on the current difference of the selective averages of the measured dangerous parameters of the gas environment corresponding to the training and control general population. The results of verification showed that at a given level of significance, the method allows detecting current fires of materials based on significant differences in sample means. It was established that the current difference in the concentration of carbon monoxide during ignition and after ignition of alcohol, paper, wood shavings, and textiles is –0.459 and 8.296, –0.152 and 4.299, –0.027 and 6.9, –0.262 and 2.3, respectively. Current smoke density differences are 0.043 and 0.391, 0.012, and 0.923, –0.139, and –0.235, 0.034, and 0.129, and temperatures are –0.01 and 10.635, 0.53 135 and 2.726, respectively. This means that the current difference is significant and is due not to a random nature but to the appearance of a persistent effect from the ignition of the material. In practice, research results can be used to detect fires in real time in order to prevent them from growing into an uncontrolled fire
Development a novel design of miniaturized heptagonal Koch fractal wide band antenna for 5G mm wave and IoT applications
Authors: Kassym Ruslan , Balgynbek Turdybek , Serikov Tansaule , Ahmetova Patam , Sergazin Gani , Ozhikenov Kasymbek , Sultangaziyev Tanirnazar , Kumar Pramod , Tlenshiyeva Akmaral , Yernazarov Nursultan
Published: July 2024

The object of the study is a compact heptagonal broadband antenna specially designed for use in the 5G millimeter band using Koch fractals to improve performance. As a result of the study, the most important problem of achieving higher gain, improving bandwidth and reducing interference at higher frequencies, which is necessary for the effective functioning of 5G networks, was solved. As a result, the maximum realized gain of 5 dB was obtained at a frequency of 27.58 GHz with an impressive bandwidth in the range from 26.5 to 40 GHz.
The use of Koch fractal geometry and defective ground planes significantly improves impedance matching and expands bandwidth, which explains the excellent antenna performance compared to traditional designs. The features and distinguishing features of the results obtained, thanks to which they allowed solving the problem under study, are its compact dimensions (only 9 mm by 9 mm) and the ability to maintain VSWR at a level of less than 2 in the entire frequency spectrum. These features make the antenna particularly suitable for millimeter-band integration and flexible applications such as portable devices and wearable home appliances.
The field of practical application of the results includes integration into portable and wearable devices, improving the performance and connectivity of Internet of Things applications. The conditions of practical use require compliance with 5G network standards and compatibility with millimeter-wave technologies. This characterizes the antenna as a significant achievement in antenna technology, demonstrating its potential for widespread adoption in next-generation wireless communication systems and paving the way for more reliable and high-performance wireless networks
Devising measures to reduce multi-frequency noise load on employees in machining area
Authors: Rieznik Dmytro , Sukach Serhii , Chencheva Olga , Lashko Yevhenii , Kozlovskaya Tatyana , Volkov Oleksandr , Petrenko Ivan , Mukha Oleh , Hryniuk Vitaly , Sapa Serhii
Published: July 2024

The object of this study is the process of determining and managing the risks of noise exposure (NE) for employees at the mechanical department when machining metals on a drilling machine (DM).
The problem relates to the increase in the risk of an employee receiving an industrial injury because of NE at the workplace of a machine tool. The impact of noise on the human body depends on the duration of exposure, the level of sound pressure, and its intensity. An important characteristic of noise is its frequency composition, as it can affect the perception of sounds and the human body. Prolonged exposure to noise can damage various systems in the human body or cause pain. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of NE on workers and devise measures to reduce the negative impact on their health and work productivity. The research is based on real-time noise measurements followed by their decomposition into octave frequencies and modeling of noise propagation in the room with and without the use of various types and designs of soundproof barriers (SB). In the course of the study of NE propagation during drilling on the machine, an excess of noise levels at medium and high frequencies near the noise source was found. An employee who works on DM is exposed to high-frequency noise that exceeds the established normative indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment for the machine operator and install safety equipment to protect other workplaces. The use of the latter makes it possible to significantly reduce the impact of NE on workers, in particular, at low frequencies by 20.8 %, at medium frequencies by 15.6 %, and at high frequencies by 17.3 %
Identification of the energy parameters of an electrohydroimpulse plant for the production of valuable components from organic raw materials
Authors: Kartbayeva Gulnaz , Duisenbayeva Moldir , Nussupbekov Bekbolat , Mussenova Elmira , Smagulov Zhanaidar , Kurmanaliev Alikhan
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the developed bone degreasing stand. The object of the study is the production of valuable components from organic raw materials.
Fractions of cattle crushed to the size of 2.5 mm, 5.2 mm and 10.5 mm were used to identify the effective mode of operation of an electrohydroimpulse installation.
Physical and chemical methods of fat extraction are currently not relevant from the point of view of economy, due to environmental damage and labor intensity. In this regard, new effective methods of extracting fat from bone mass are needed. Therefore, the proposed method of extracting fat by spark discharge is an actual and alternative method for today.
During the study, an acceptable temperature regime for fat production was obtained. Next, a laboratory stand was assembled, with which you can degrease the bone mass without changing the properties of fat.
Experimental studies show that with an increase in the capacity of the capacitor bank in energy storage devices and the length of the discharge gap, the bone degreasing process becomes more efficient. During the study, it was found that at a liquid temperature of 38 °C and a pulse voltage of 25 kV on a switching device of an electrohydroimpulse installation, the degree of fat extraction increases without destroying the morphological structure of bone mass.
Using the hexane extraction reaction, we determined the efficiency of fat extraction at a temperature of 38 °C, at which the fat mass from the bones is effectively broken down, and using the UV-1800 spectrophotometer, we determined the amount of protein in the bones before and after treatment.
The study also showed that with a capacitor bank capacity of 0.5 uF, crushed to a fraction of 10.5 mm of pelvic bone, the separated fat is 18.7 %, and with constant grinding of the capacitor bank to a fraction of 2.5 mm – 19.4 %