bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dom Antonio de Noronha e o Plano secreto para o Cuieté
Authors: Mello e Souza Laura de
Published: June 2016

Depositado na Divisão de Manuscritos da Biblioteca Nacional, o Livro Segundo das Cartas que o Ilmo. e Exmo. Sr. D. Antonio de Noronha Capitão General da Capitania de Minas Gerais escreveu durante o seu governo que teve princípio em 28 de maio de 1776 constitui um notável conjunto de documentos acerca não só do governo das Minas Gerais, mas também de importantes autoridades administrativas do período. Nesse códice, estão contidos o Plano secreto para a nova conquista do Cuieté e as cartas para o Marquês de Angeja e para o ministro Martinho de Mello e Castro, que ora se publicam. Escritos pelo próprio governador D. Antônio de Noronha, os documentos trazem instruções e medidas a serem tomadas em relação à região do Cuieté, no sertão mineiro, e refletem sobre temas decisivos no contexto da colonização da América portuguesa, tais como o exercício do poder por parte das autoridades metropolitanas, a especificidade da população colonial, o povoamento de áreas fronteiriças e a expansão da administração e da burocracia
O envio dos carmelitas à América portuguesa em 1580: a carta de Frei João Cayado como diretriz de atuação
Authors: Cabral Honor André
Published: June 2016

Iniciando com a narrativa das expedições de conquista do Rio Paraíba, o presente artigo tenta compreender o papel que foi designado aos quatro frades carmelitas que embarcaram na armada de Frutuoso Barbosa em 1580. Esses religiosos carregavam uma carta escrita por Frei João Cayado, provincial da Província Carmelita Portuguesa, a qual estabelecia as primeiras diretrizes de atuação dos missionários carmelitas calçados em terras portuguesas, além de delegar os poderes necessários aos frades para a consolidação da Ordem de Nossa Senhora do Carmo na América. Baseando-se nessas indicações, os frades metamorfosearam a maneira como atuavam, adaptando-se às demandas locais por meio do aproveitamento das oportunidades que surgiam. Apesar dessas adequações, o objetivo principal da atuação desses religiosos no Brasil não se modificou: atender às demandas espirituais de indígenas e população ordinária. A mesma diretriz que moveu os carmelitas para a América também foi a responsável pela decadência da Ordem e sua quase extinção no Brasil no século XIX
A Irmandade do Santíssimo Sacramento de Santo Estêvão de Alfama e a assistência à pobreza (1806–1820)
Authors: Mendes Drumond Bragar Isabel M. R.
Published: June 2016

Partindo de fontes manuscritas inéditas, produzidas pela irmandade do Santíssimo Sacramento de Santo Estêvão de Alfama, procuramos avaliar o papel da instituição na assistência à pobreza, analisando os regimentos e a prática quotidiana da atribuição de esmolas a determinados grupos de desvalidos. Em especial, procuramos indagar qual o peso da atividade assistencial aos pobres nas contas da instituição, visto que as confrarias se destacaram, em especial, pelas atividades ligadas ao culto e à assistência às almas dos confrades. Por outro lado, houve a preocupação de perceber quem eram os assistidos e quais os motivos que os tinham levado à categoria de pobres.
Pombal e o Império Atlântico: impactos políticos da criação do Erário Régio
Authors: Dantas da Cruz Miguel
Published: June 2016

A governação pombalina encerra um significado bastante consensual. Trata-se de um período marcado pela gradual concentração de faculdades decisórias no monarca e no grupo dirigente e pela introdução generalizada de dispositivos legislativos destinados a controlar a sociedade civil. Trata-se também do momento em que a administração de cariz corporativo, vigente em todos os territórios da monarquia, foi definitivamente suprimida. No entanto, os termos da consolidação do poder da Coroa, na segunda metade dos Setecentos, ainda que elencados amiúde, ficam frequentemente por esmiuçar. É necessário compreender ainda muitas das nuances envolvidas nessa transformação, nomeadamente no que toca às rotinas de governo. Este estudo revisita e discute a centralização política pombalina. Procura, em especial, aferir os contornos e as resistências ao processo desencadeado por Carvalho e Melo no quadro da coabitação do Erário Régio com as Juntas da Real Fazenda do Brasil, que, em conjunto, formaram uma das estruturas político-administrativas que melhor encapsulavam as ambições do ministro de D. José I.
Ferro, fogo e alívio das febres: o sudeste brasileiro e o impulso na direção da fronteira no início do século XIX
Authors: Medeiros Lima Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2016

No início do século XIX, as discussões sobre a malária feitas por alguns médicos e várias autoridades com histórico de atuação em diversas regiões do Atlântico manifestavam a concepção de que o desmatamento teria implicações positivas para o saneamento. Isso se ligava a um avanço até então desconhecido na direção da apropriação da terra na fronteira agrária, a expensas de matas tradicionais, tendo esse avanço sido fortemente marcado pelo impacto das endemias rurais. Tudo se passava numa época marcada por crescimento da população livre brasileira, pela interiorização da lavoura canavieira, especialmente em São Paulo, pela expansão cafeeira, pelo avanço da fronteira agrária também como estratégia de sobrevivência para a pobreza, pela supressão da regulação da ocupação de baldios em 1822 e pelo enfrentamento da recessão atlântica do segundo quarto do século XIX. Avalia-se a difusão da concepção por meio de dados sobre migrações para a fronteira agrária e sobre o impacto da malária entre os livres.
Construindo a história na televisão: Marc Ferro e os Cinejornais em Histoire Parallèle
Authors: Schvarzman Sheila
Published: June 2016

Em 1989, quando a Europa se transformava com a Queda do Muro de Berlim e a expansão das comunicações via satélite, surge La Sept, o canal de televisão franco-alemão. Histoire Paralèlle, programa apresentado por Marc Ferro com os cinejornais veiculados nos dois países, 50 anos antes, se torna o programa de maior audiência da emissora, confrontando nas imagens os modos como alemães e franceses construíram a guerra, tal como deveria ser vista e vivida por seus concidadãos. O programa tornou-se um exercício socializado de compreensão e reescritura histórica, além de se colocar diante do conflito entre memória e história, questão que norteou a historiografia dos anos 1990. Este artigo analisa Histoire Paralèlle, observando a relação que estabeleceu com a produção historiográfica e fílmica do historiador. Para tanto, seus pressupostos teóricos são rediscutidos e historicizados à luz das obras de Ferro e por meio da análise de três dos seus programas.
Metáforas da “nação”
Authors: Santos Gomes Flávio dos , Domingues Petrônio
Published: June 2016

Resenha
De fio a pavio: a história da Inquisição Portuguesa revisitada
Authors: Silva dos Santos Georgina
Published: June 2016

Resenha
Application of Enzyme for Bleaching of Wheat Straw AQ-Soda Pulp
Authors: A Ghafoor , K. J. Cheema , N. Yaqoob , I.Ur- Rehman , A Said
Published: June 2016

Pulp and paper industry is one of the major contributors to environmental pollution due to its toxic and carcinogenic discharges during its various processes e.g., chlorinated bleaching of the pulp. Use of alternative bleaching chemicals e.g., enzyme and/or elemental chlorine free (ECF) or total chlorine free (TCF) agents are the best option to reduce the load of carcinogenic chlorinated compounds on our environment. Present study was carried out to highlight the application of enzyme during bleaching of wheat straw anthraquinon (AQ)-soda pulp to considerably reduce the toxic load on the environment. Wheat straw AQ-soda pulp was treated with acid (A) to reduce its metal contents followed by oxygen (O) delignification. Delignified pulp was then subjected to enzymatic (X) treatment with xylanase prior to bleaching to increase the effectiveness of successive bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (P). Handsheets were prepared from the treated pulp after each experimental trial to study its various optical, physical and chemical properties. Brightness of bleached pulp was improved up to ISO 73% with AOXP1P2 bleaching sequence. The improved brightness up to ISO 76% was achieved when alkali extraction stage was incorporated before bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (AOXEP1P2). TDS, COD and BOD5 of effluent samples during different experimental stages was monitored and compared with NEQS. It was evident from the results that enzymatic treatment not only helped to reduce the effluent load but also reduced the consumption of bleaching chemicals to achieve good brightness values.
Epidemiological Study of Paediatric Burns in a Tertiary Burn Care Center
Authors: Begum Dr. Rasheedha , Sellamony Dr. Sutha , Ponnambalam Prof. Nirmala
Published: June 2016

Burn injuries in children continue to be a major epidemiological problem in our country. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Nearly one third of burn injury occurs in children under the age of 12 years. Majority of the paediatric burns are under the age of 5 years(1-5). There are certain unique features to be kept in mind while managing paediatric burns. The differences in physiology of fluid and electrolyte balance, the uniqueness of the energy requirement and the differences in the body proportions in children dictate the paediatric burn management. If special care is taken during the initial management of burn injuries in children, they children can be effectively treated and integrated into the society as useful and productive members.
Edible Insects as tribal food among the Rabhas of Assam
Authors: Rabha Bhupen
Published: June 2016

Insects are highly specialized group belonging to the largest animal phyla, Arthropoda. It is in folk mind of the people that they are enemies of mankind but there are number of insects which are beneficial to man in a number of ways so much so that same can be considered more or less indispensible to man. Edible insects are a natural renewable resource that provides food to many ethnic groups abroad and North East India too. Some of these species are overexploited because of increased consumption, caused by the huge human population growth in the area. The rural people hunt or collect different kinds of resources, in order to have more means to satiate their hunger, but the quantity or quality of foods found is unequal depending on the place, season and people seeking these foods. Insects are a healthy, nutritious and a savoury meal. Species of insects are collectedaccording to their seasonal presence and abundance. Most people in developed countries dislike or hesitate to consume them – probably because they are repulsed by the appearance of insects, not their taste.Tribal people especially Rabha people of Assam have chosen to take entomophagy as a sustainable source of food as it has been using since ancient times, a knowledge which has been passed down from generation to generation through word of mouth. The Rabhas are a tribe belonging to the great Bodo family and scattered in parts of lower Assam, Kamrup district, Goalpara district, parts of West Bengal and Meghalaya. Some edible insects consumed by Rabha people in lower Assam in India are cricket, grasshoppers, water giant bug (Bellostoma) termites, red ants, beetle larvae, pupa of insects, water skater (Gerridaec) etc. Edible insects, among the Rabhas, are not used as emergency during food shortages, but are included as a planned part of the diet throughout the year or when seasonally available. Insects can be accepted favourably in the future by processing and mixing them with other foodstuffs.
Hybrid Model Application to Predict Permeability in Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Nieves E. T. , Bravo R. J. , Arhuata L. E. , Magnelli D..
Published: June 2016

An accurate permeability value for a tight gas reservoir has become an important need in the natural gas industry. However, there have been and there are still many ways to calculate this variable, but has low reliability, since permeability in many cases does not follow a linear behavior.

For that reason, were here implemented the integration, operation, and optimization of linear methods (empirical, statistical multiple regression) and nonlinear methods (primarily neural networks) in order to improve the permeability prediction of Lajas Formation, using cores and well logs.

The aim of this paper is to present the results of the combination of linear methods (e.g. empirical and multiple regressions) with nonlinear methods called The Artificial Neural Network (Multilayer Perceptron Model) to which we call Hybrid model applied to reservoirs with tight gas features, in order to predict a continuous curve of permeability (for wells that do not have core or well logs information). The porosity has been taken from different curves: gamma ray (GR), resistivity (RD), neutron (NPHI), density (PHID), (RHOB), and each were adjusted to the porosity data obtained by core samples and sidewall cores. This method allowed validating and optimizing the petrophysical model.

This study was focused on Lajas Formation that belongs to the Cuyo Group (Lower to Middle Jurassic) in the Neuquen Basin. This geologic unit consists of gray sandstones of medium to fine grained with interbedded conglomerates, limestones and lenticular shales of varying thickness.

All data were collect from public sources and were processed for the present research.
A Questão Ambiental: Desafios Políticos, Econômicos e Ideológicos na Perspectiva Brasileira
Authors: Leandro Luiz Alberto , Neffa Elza Maria , Neffa Krishna
Published: June 2016

Na perspectiva do governo brasileiro, as economias dos mercados emergentes devem assumir a liderança econômica em uma escala mundial. No Brasil, o crescimento do PIB levou o país a alcançar um lugar de destaque no panorama mundial, ao mesmo tempo que realçou os graves conflitos socioambientais. A consolidação de um mercado de consumo de massa nos moldes das nações do Norte parece ser incompatível com uma política de gestão ambiental sustentável. Este artigo pretende contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das contradições presentes nas propostas de desenvolvimento gestadas no interior do capitalismo contemporâneo e estimular a reflexão sobre o caráter contraditório do sistema que enseja diferentes concepções e finalidades para a questão ambiental no contexto brasileiro. Esse estudo caracteriza-se como exploratório, operacionalizado por meio da pesquisa documental. Utilizamos as categorias de análise capitalismo, progresso, desenvolvimento, sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento sustentável para fundamentar o estudo. Acreditamos que, a partir de um esforço sistêmico e do reconhecimento de que o conceito de desenvolvimento difere do conceito de crescimento econômico, governo e sociedade  poderão construir alternativas sustentáveis para o desenvolvimento do país.
Itinerários da participação na gestão de escolas públicas de educação básica
Authors: Nardi Elton Luiz
Published: June 2016

O trabalho tem por objetivo analisar opções normativo-institucionais relacionadas à gestão democrática do ensino público e ações delineadas por escolas de Educação Básica visando à participação. Com base no exame de documentos legais de um conjunto de sistemas municipais de ensino e do levantamento, por meio de questionários, de ações propostas e declaradas por escolas vinculadas a esses sistemas, conclui pela existência de um quadro instável de condições favoráveis à democratização da gestão escolar, embora as evidências sinalizem para o reconhecimento do valor político da participação.
A intensificação do trabalho docente universitário: aceitações e resistências
Authors: Guimarães André Rodrigues , Chaves Vera Lúcia Jacob
Published: June 2016

O objetivo do artigo é analisar como os professores universitários interagem com o processo de intensificação do trabalho. As informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com oito professores da Universidade Federal do Pará. Os resultados indicam que o conjunto dos docentes tem seu trabalho intensificado. Essa intensificação é avaliada de diferentes formas pelos professores: parte deles não a percebe criticamente, legitimando-a; outros apresentam resistências.
Testing monolithic activated carbon adsorbers for in-line removal of organic micropollutants
Authors: Hilbrandt Inga , Ruhl Aki Sebastian , Jekel Martin
Published: June 2016

Anthropogenic organic micropollutants (OMP) occur along the whole urban water cycle including drinking water. Various OMP can be efficiently adsorbed onto activated carbon. In the present study a commercial monolithic adsorber (MA), originally developed for gas treatment, was examined for the removal of OMP from drinking water. As a promising advantage, the adsorber can be introduced into existing pipes without causing substantial pressure losses. The MA was first characterized with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Weight loss during incineration at 550 °C indicated an activated carbon content of around 25%. Adsorption isotherms were recorded with milled material of the MA to estimate the capacity of the embedded adsorbent. Long-term flow-through experiments with two different flow rates were conducted to estimate the in-line removal efficiency. At low flow rates removals of 60% benzotriazole, 40% carbamazepine and 30% diclofenac were observed initially followed by a linear increase of effluent concentrations. Calculated loadings after 60 days of operation were e.g. 30 μg benzotriazole per g adsorber or 110 μg benzotriazole per g activated carbon as constituent of the adsorber. For specific applications, MA might be useful for the in-line elimination of OMP within drinking water distribution systems.
Valuing information for sewer replacement decisions
Authors: van Riel Wouter , Langeveld Jeroen , Herder Paulien , Clemens François
Published: June 2016

Decision-making for sewer asset management is partially based on intuition and often lacks explicit argumentation, hampering decision transparency and reproducibility. This is not to be preferred in light of public accountability and cost-effectiveness. It is unknown to what extent each decision criterion is appreciated by decision-makers. Further insight into this relative importance improves understanding of decision-making of sewer system managers. As such, a digital questionnaire (response ratio 43%), containing pairwise comparisons between 10 relevant information sources, was sent to all 407 municipalities in the Netherlands to analyse the relative importance and assess whether a shared frame of reasoning is present. Thurstone's law of comparative judgment was used for analysis, combined with several consistency tests. Results show that camera inspections were valued highest, while pipe age was considered least important. The respondents were pretty consistent per individual and also showed consistency as a group. This indicated a common framework of reasoning among the group. The feedback of the group showed, however, the respondents found it difficult to make general comparisons without having a context. This indicates decision-making in practice is more likely to be steered by other mechanisms than purely combining information sources.
Biological nitrogen removal from plating wastewater by submerged membrane bioreactor packed with granular sulfur
Authors: Moon Jinyoung , Hwang Yongwoo , Kim Junbeum , Kwak Inho
Published: June 2016

Recent toughened water quality standards have necessitated improvements for existing sewer treatment facilities through advanced treatment processes. Therefore, an advanced treatment process that can be installed through simple modification of existing sewer treatment facilities needs to be developed. In this study, a new submerged membrane bioreactor process packed with granular sulfur (MBR-GS) was developed and operated to determine the biological nitrogen removal behaviors of plating wastewater containing a high concentration of NO3−. Continuous denitrification was carried out at various nitrogen loading rates at 20 °C using synthetic wastewater, which was comprised of NO3− and HCO3−, and actual plating wastewater, which was collected from the effluent water of a plating company called ‘H Metals’. High-rate denitrification in synthetic plating wastewater was accomplished at 0.8 kg NO3−-N/m3·day at a nitrogen loading rate of 0.9 kg NO3−-N/m3·day. The denitrification rate further increased in actual plating wastewater to 0.91 kg NO3−-N/m3·day at a nitrogen loading rate of 1.11 kg NO3−-N/m3·day. Continuous filtration was maintained for up to 30 days without chemical cleaning with a transmembrane pressure in the range of 20 cmHg. Based on stoichiometry, SO42− production and alkalinity consumption could be calculated theoretically. Experimental alkalinity consumption was lower than the theoretical value. This newly proposed MBR-GS process, capable of high-rate nitrogen removal by compulsive flux, is expected to be applicable as an alternative renovation technique for nitrogen treatment of plating wastewater as well as municipal wastewater with a low C/N ratio.
Construction and Retrofit Methods of Stone Masonry Structures in Cyprus
Authors: Christou Petros , Elliotis Miltiades
Published: June 2016

Natural stone is a durable construction material which has been used through centuries for various types of structures. These structures are exposed to corrosive and degradation factors such as climate change and pollution, natural ageing, earthquake actions, increasing urbanization and even human negligence, potentially exposing them to irreversible structural damage and loss. Considering the large number of traditional structures and the historic value of a great number of stone masonry structures, the necessity of maintenance, repair, retrofit and restoration of stone masonry structures is imposed. The process which leads to the preservation of such structures consists of three stages: 1) the in-situ and laboratory study of the degree of damage and of the factors which cause the natural damages on the materials of these buildings, 2) the detailed drawing of the layout and the elevations. This stage also includes the selection of the appropriate measures for the maintenance and retrofits according to the special characteristics of the structure and the design of the intervention method, and 3) the execution of all the intervention works. This paper presents a description of various types of natural stones found in Cyprus, the most commonly used construction methods as well as methods for the retrofit of stone masonry structures.
Multi-Scale Analysis of In-plane Behaviour of Tuff Masonry
Authors: D’Ambra C. , Lignola G.P. , Prota A.
Published: June 2016

Various methodologies are available today in engineering professional practice to analyse structures, in particular in the field of masonry structures. Many of the methods are derived from reinforced concrete frames but sometimes they suffer of lack of comprehensive experimental validation due to difficulties to simulate the many different kinds of masonries and they suffer from lack of critical comparison between them. In fact some methods seem to be able to provide accurate results, but are extremely expensive from a computational point of view and they require detailed material characterization and knowledge of actual geometry of the masonry and its constituents. However the usual uncertainty on the material mechanical properties and geometry details jeopardizes seriously the accuracy of the most refined analyses. Previous works by the authors remarked that nonlinear properties like as fracture energy, crucial for instance in the definition of post peak behaviour and ductility of masonry, have a crucial role at the single panel scale level analysis, while their impact is less and less crucial on the behaviour of entire walls and masonry structures. The aim of the overall work is to compare the most common methods of analysis for masonry from micro-scale to macro-scale, where not only geometrical refinement of the analysis is crucial, but also the number and details of required mechanical parameters. It is seen that macro-models are important to analyse large structures and the computational expense and required knowledge level are usually reasonable. To this scope a simple nonlinear material model for tuff masonry is proposed and results are compared between refined and simple models to simulate a tested real scale wall prototype with an opening.
Biocompatibility of the titanium-based implant surfaces: Effect of the calcium dihydrogen phosphate on osteoblast cells
Authors: Kaludjerovic Milena , Schreckenbach Joachim , Graf Hans-Ludwig
Published: June 2016

The influence of the presence of calcium dihydrogen phosphate in acid media
on titanium-based implant surfaces, Ticer, employed in clinics, and its white
form (Ticer white), on osteoblast cells was investigated. Novel surfaces M1
and M2 were obtained by immersing Ticer and Ticer white surfaces in calcium
dihydrogen phosphate solution at pH 3.5. The surfaces were characterized by
SEM, EDS and X-ray diffraction. The results related to interaction of
investigated surfaces and human osteoblast cells from indirect
biocompatibility (MTT and SRB assays), proliferation (DAPI assay) and mode of
cell death (acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double staining) were
found to be in good agreement, as well as findings from osteocalcin (OC) and
bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression. Surfaces were obtained by employing
anodic plasma-electrochemical oxidation with spark discharges without
subsequent surface modifications were found to be more compatible. Soaking of
Ticer and Ticer white in phosphate solution gave toxic materials (M1 and M2)
which induced apoptosis and secondary necrosis in osteoblast cells.
Serotype/serogroup-specific antibiotic non-susceptibility of invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae, Switzerland, 2004 to 2014
Authors: Hauser Christoph , Kronenberg Andreas , Allemann Aurélie , Mühlemann Kathrin , Hilty Markus
Published: June 2016

Concurrent analysis of antibiotic resistance of colonising and invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae gives a more accurate picture than looking at either of them separately. Therefore, we analysed 2,129 non-invasive and 10,996 invasive pneumococcal isolates from Switzerland from 2004 to 2014, which spans the time before and after the introduction of the heptavalent (PCV7) and 13-valent (PCV13) conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. Serotype/serogroup information was linked with all antibiotic resistance profiles. During the study period, the proportion of non-susceptible non-invasive and invasive isolates significantly decreased for penicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). This was most apparent in non-invasive isolates from study subjects younger than five years (penicillin (p = 0.006), erythromycin (p = 0.01) and TMP-SMX (p = 0.002)). Resistant serotypes/serogroups included in PCV7 and/or PCV13 decreased and were replaced by non-PCV13 serotypes (6C and 15B/C). Serotype/serogroup-specific antibiotic resistance rates were comparable between invasive and non-invasive isolates. Adjusted odds ratios of serotype/serogroup-specific penicillin resistance were significantly higher in the west of Switzerland for serotype 6B (1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–4.8), 9V (3.4; 95% CI: 2.0–5.7), 14 (5.3; 95% CI: 3.8–7.5), 19A (2.2; 95% CI: 1.6–3.1) and 19F (3.1; 95% CI: 2.1–4.6), probably due to variations in the antibiotic consumption.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia
Authors: Badal Sachendra , Roy Shuvendu , Singh Daljit
Published: June 2016

Thanatophoric Dysplasia (TD) is a severe skeletal dysplasia that is lethal in the neonatal period. There are two defined TD subtypes which have been classified clinically. The incidence is approximately 1/20,000 to 1/50,000. Type I TD being more frequent than Type II. Most individuals with TD die within the first few hours.This condition has characteristic sonographic features detected antenatally by midgestation, although distinction from other short-limbed dysplasia syndromes may be difficult. We report a case of type I TD with typical clinicoradiological features who succumbed within one hour of life.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):304-306.
Rare Presentation of Epstein Barr Virus
Authors: Ari Abhijit , Ghosh Taraknath , Bose Sayan , Shetty Prashat Kumar , Chaudhary Ruchi
Published: June 2016

Two rare complication of infection with the Epstein-Barr virus is the development of hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome. Here we are describing two cases which are describing these complications of Epstein-Barr virus infection. As they mimic several other condition but a strong suspicion is needed to diagnose these rare complications early as it will help us to reduce morbidity and mortality of these complications.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):290-292
Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), Report of two Unique Cases
Authors: Mishra Shubhankar , Agarwalla Sunil Kumar , Behura Sushree Smita , Pattnaik Gouranga Charan
Published: June 2016

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) is a rare genetic disorder associated with early onset in life with overwhelming activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages invariably leading to death. We present two cases of FHLH admitted to our hospital at different points of time. First child presented with multiple episodes of GTCS and high grade fever. There was a history of sibling death before. He was having hepatosplenomegaly with leucopenia, hyper-triglyceridemia, hyper-ferritinemia and bone marrow revealed abundant hemophagocytes in smear. Second case was a 6 month male with complaint of (Generalised Tonic Clonic Seizure (GTCS) with past history of repeated attacks of acute Respiratory Infection and neuroinfection. Previous sibling died in similar presentation. He was having hepatosplenomegaly, leucopenia, hyper triglyceridemia, hyper ferritinemia with abundant hemophagocytes in bone marrow smear. Both the cases were diagnosed as FHLH and treated according to protocol.Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):283-286
Rare Variant of Bartter Syndrome with Sensorineural Deafness
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Manoj
Published: June 2016

Bartter syndrome is an inherited renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemia, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemia, hyper-prostaglandinism, normal blood pressure, with increased urinary loss of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium and prostaglandins. There are five known type of Bartter syndrome, out of which type 4 and 5 are very rare. We are presenting here a case of Bartter syndrome with sensorineural hearing loss.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):293-294.
Cord Serum Bilirubin Level in Predicting the Development of Significant Hyperbilirubinemia in Newborns with ABO Incompatibility
Authors: Arora Sunita , Shifali -
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is common problem which is benign in majority of neonates. Rh iso immune hemolytic disease as a cause of hyperbilirubinemia is becoming nearly nonexistent due to the use of prophylactic anti D. Hence Isoimmune hemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility assumes significance as a cause of significant hyperbilirubinaemia. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of ABO incompatibility, ABO iso immune disease in new born, to determine critical cord serum bilirubin level to predict subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia.Material and Methods: The study was done in neonatal ICU of a tertiary care hospital where 100 full term healthy newborns with B.W≥2500gm and gestational age ≥37 wk with blood group A, B, AB, born to mothers with O blood group without simultaneous Rh incompatibility at SGRDIMSR were included. Serum bilirubin was measured approximately at 12-24hrs, 36-48hrs, 60-72hrs. Results: Out 100 ABO incompatible newborns 33(33%) developed ABO isoimmune disease manifesting as significant hyperbilirubinaemia with any of the four total serum bilirubin levels exceeding threshold levels defined for phototherapy. TSB of ≥ 2.16mg/d1 from cord blood has a sensitivity of 100% specificity of 89.55%, NPV 100% and PPV of 82.50% to predict significant hyperbilirubinaemia. Conclusion: A critical cord S.bilirubin between 2.16 mg/d1 and 4.09mg/d1 will predict all newborns who will have significant hyperbilirubinaemia and can be used as a safe demarcator to decide time of discharge. Any therapeutic intervention if necessary can be started as early as possible.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015; 35(3): 231-236
Morbidity and Mortality of Very Low Birth Weight Babies in a Tertiary Level NICU
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Thapar Karuna , Chhabra Gurpreet Singh , Jaslean -
Published: June 2016

Introduction: The WHO defines Very low birth weight babies as birth weight < 1500 grams at birth irrespective of gestational age. The primary cause of VLBW is premature birth.The commonest conditions in this group include aspiration, infections, Hyaline membrane disease. Early onset sepsis is an important cause of illness and death among infants with very low birth weights. The objectives were to study the morbidity and mortality of very low birth weight babies in teritary level NICU in Amritsar and the sociodemographic, obstetric and neonatal variables affecting survival of VLBW infants.Materials and Method: It was an observational study and conducted in NICU of SGRDIMS&R, Amritsar, over the period of 18 months (1st October 2013 to 31st March 2015). A total of 75 VLBW neonates were observed during this period and neonatal outcome was assessed. Data so obtained was statistically analysed by Microsoft SPSS, Version 17.0.Chi Square test was applied to the data.Results: Preterm VLBW babies had high incidence of morbidities. Sepsis was the major cause (77.3%) of morbidity in VLBW neonates followed by HMD (66.7%) and NNJ (65.3%) of the neonate. Sepsis along with other factors like IVH, Pneumothorax, NEC play an important role in neonatal mortality.Conclusion: The most common cause of VLBW babies was prematurity. The mortality rate among VLBW neonates was 12%. Sepsis, HMD metabolic complications like hypoglycaemia and hypocalcemia were the major contributing factors towards mortality.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):257-263
Home Management of Childhood Diarrhoea by Mothers Presenting at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Akhtaruzzaman Muhammad , Hossain Md Anwar , Choudhury Ahmed Murtaza , Islam Md Nazul , Dhar Sonjib Kumar
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Diarrhoea is a leading cause of under-five morbidity and mortality. Most of the diarrhoeal episodes are treated initially at home by mothers. The objective of the study was to assess mothers’ knowledge and practice of home management of diarrhoea.Material and Methods: This hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Three hundred and sixty children under five years of age having acute diarrhoea were included in the study by systematic random sampling. A structured pretested interview schedule was used to collect data. There were 11 knowledge and 11 practice questions; each was scored a point if correctly answered. The level of knowledge and the level of practice both were classified as poor for score 0-5 and good for score 6-11.Results: Of the 360 mothers, 45.55% had a good level of knowledge, while 33.89% had good level of practice. Both higher knowledge and practice score was significantly (p<0.001) associated with mother’s age, educational level and occupation and father’s educational level occupation and income. After adjusting for other factors, mother’s age was significantly associated with level of knowledge (p=0.003) and mother’s educational level was significantly associated with both level of knowledge (p=0.001) and practice (p=0.002) in home management of diarrhoea.Conclusion: The study has shown a low level of knowledge and practice in mothers regarding management of diarrhoea. The educational programs for mothers must be an essential part of the health facility programs.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015; 35(3): 237-246
Enteral Nutrition Feeding Adequacy among Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients with High Nutrition Risk in a selected Public Hospital in Malaysia : A preliminary study
Authors: Lee Zheng Yii , Nisak Mohd Yusof Barakatun , Airini Ibrahim Noor
Published: June 2016

Background : Critically Ill patients with high nutrition risk require optimal amount of nutrition therapy for a better clinical outcome.Objective : The objective of this study was to study EN feeding adequacy among mechanically ventilated critically ill patient with high nutrition risk.Method : A prospective observational study was carried out at General Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Hospital Serdang. Adult patients (? 18 years old) who were intubated and mechanically ventilated within 48 hours of ICU admission, stayed in ICU for ? 72 hours and exclusively fed with EN were included. Eligible patients were followed in ICU for a maximum of 12 days or until death or discharge from ICU. High nutrition risk is determined by a validated nutrition risk screening tool -- the Modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (NUTRIC) score of ? 6.Results : A total of 25 patients were sampled. Mean age was 53 ± 17 years and mean BMI was 26.3 ± 5.3 kg/m2. Median time of EN initiation since ICU admission was 8 (Interquartile range [IQR] 3.5-17.5) hours. Among 17 (68%) patients with high nutrition risk, 15 (88.2%) did not receive the recommended optimal nutrition requirement (? 80% of calculated energy and protein requirement), despite the fact that the overall energy and protein adequacy was 71.8 ± 14.8% and 62.4 ± 15.1%, performing better than the international average of 61.2 ± 29.4% and 57.6% ± 29.6%, respectively.Conclusion : EN feeding adequacy was suboptimal among critically ill patients with high nutrition risk, as evidenced by 88.2% of high nutrition risk patients not receiving the recommended energy and protein requirement. Identification of patients with high nutrition risk is important to optimize nutrition intake in patients most likely to benefit from optimal amounts of nutrition therapy.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2016; 4 (1): 9-13
Psychiatric co morbidities in ESRD Patients Recently Placed on Haemodialysis : A Prospective Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Iqbal Sarwar , Talukder Umme Salma , Chowdhury Tufayel Ahmed , Billah Md Mostarshid , Anana Mehruba Alam , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Samad Tabassum , Haque Wasim Md Mohosinul , Faruq Mohammad Omar
Published: June 2016

Background: Psychiatric co-morbidity especially anxiety and depression are common in patients who are recently placed on dialysis, but very little research has been done on this subject. Mental illness results in increased non-compliance in accepting dialysis and this results in increased mortality in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients.Methodology: This cross- sectional study was done on ESRD patients newly diagnosed and initiated hemodialysis in the department of Nephrology of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka, Bangladesh with informed written consent and maintaining privacy. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) was used for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Patients on maintenance hemodialysis for more than 1 month and patients on Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis were excluded in this study.Results: There were total 83 patients out of whom there were 50 (62.2%) males and 33(39.38%) females. Mean age of study patients was 56.8±9.96 years. Bulk of the patients was clinically depressed (68.7%), followed by anxiety disorder (13.3%) rest were acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder and one case of psychosis. 8.4% participants denied any symptoms.Conclusion: Significant psychiatric co-morbidities developed in newly diagnosed ESRD subjects when they were prescribed hemodialysis. This study showed majority of the patients with renal failure on initiating hemodialysis who develop different psychiatric problems that need prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. These interventions will improve the quality of life of ESRD patientsBangladesh Crit Care J March 2016; 4 (1): 28-32
Spatially Nonuniform Heating and the Nonlinear Transient Response of Elastomeric Photomechanical Actuators
Authors: Cohn Robert , Panchapakesan Balaji
Published: June 2016

Recently various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, have been added to rubbery elastomers, such as poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS), to enable generation of stress and displacement in response to remote illumination. While the response is primarily due to heat-induced generation of stress; i.e., the thermoelastic effect in rubbers, illuminated samples have shown unexpected deviations between the transient waveforms of sample temperature and induced stress. In this report we have created a new and simple lumped element model to explain the stress behavior of these photomechanical nanocomposites. The model consists of two parameters that describe the spatially averaged steady state temperature rise due to optical absorption of the structure (typically a long strip of pre-strained elastomer) and the spatially averaged convective cooling rate of the strip, together with a time-varying function that effectively represents the temperature distribution and thermal convection along the length of the strip. The model is used to compare two actuators that each have a thin embedded layer of carbon nanotubes, in which the one film consists of randomly aligned nanotubes and the other has a much more ordered alignment. The model not only fits both transient responses, but the differences between the parameters suggests that the ordered film conducts heat across the strip more rapidly than the disordered film, leading to it more rapidly reaching the steady state level of maximum stress. This model should be helpful in future experimental studies that work to observe, delineate and identify possible nanoscale and molecular contributions to photomechanical stress.
Empirical Model for Evaluating PM10 Concentration Caused by River Dust Episodes
Authors: Lin Chao-Yuan , Chiang Mon-Ling , Lin Cheng-Yu
Published: June 2016

Around the estuary of the Zhuo-Shui River in Taiwan, the waters recede during the winter, causing an increase in bare land area and exposing a large amount of fine earth and sand particles that were deposited on the riverbed. Observations at the site revealed that when northeastern monsoons blow over bare land without vegetation or water cover, the fine particles are readily lifted by the wind, forming river dust, which greatly endangers the health of nearby residents. Therefore, determining which factors affect river dust and constructing a model to predict river dust concentration are extremely important in the research and development of a prototype warning system for areas at risk of river dust emissions. In this study, the region around the estuary of the Zhuo-Shui River (from the Zi-Qiang Bridge to the Xi-Bin Bridge) was selected as the research area. Data from a nearby air quality monitoring station were used to screen for days with river dust episodes. The relationships between PM10 concentration and meteorological factors or bare land area were analyzed at different temporal scales to explore the factors that affect river dust emissions. Study results showed that no single factor alone had adequate power to explain daily average or daily maximum PM10 concentration. Stepwise regression analysis of multiple factors showed that the model could not effectively predict daily average PM10 concentration, but daily maximum PM10 concentration could be predicted by a combination of wind velocity, temperature, and bare land area; the coefficient of determination for this model was 0.67. It was inferred that river dust episodes are caused by the combined effect of multiple factors. In addition, research data also showed a time lag effect between meteorological factors and hourly PM10 concentration. This characteristic was applied to the construction of a prediction model, and can be used in an early warning system for local residents.
Heterogeneously Integrated Distributed Feedback Quantum Cascade Lasers on Silicon
Authors: Spott Alexander , Peters Jon , Davenport Michael , Stanton Eric , Zhang Chong , Merritt Charles , Bewley William , Vurgaftman Igor , Kim Chul , Meyer Jerry , Kirch Jeremy , Mawst Luke , Botez Dan , Bowers John
Published: June 2016

Silicon integration of mid-infrared (MIR) photonic devices promises to enable low-cost, compact sensing and detection capabilities that are compatible with existing silicon photonic and silicon electronic technologies. Heterogeneous integration by bonding III-V wafers to silicon waveguides has been employed previously to build integrated diode lasers for wavelengths from 1310 to 2010 nm. Recently, Fabry-Pérot Quantum Cascade Lasers integrated on silicon provided a 4800 nm light source for mid-infrared (MIR) silicon photonic applications. Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers are appealing for many high-sensitivity chemical spectroscopic sensing applications that require a single frequency, narrow-linewidth MIR source. While heterogeneously integrated 1550 nm DFB lasers have been demonstrated by introducing a shallow surface grating on a silicon waveguide within the active region, no mid-infrared DFB laser on silicon has been reported to date. Here we demonstrate quantum cascade DFB lasers heterogeneously integrated with silicon-on-nitride-on-insulator (SONOI) waveguides. These lasers emit over 200 mW of pulsed power at room temperature and operate up to 100 °C. Although the output is not single mode, the DFB grating nonetheless imposes wavelength selectivity with 22 nm of thermal tuning.
Policy Mixes to Achieve Absolute Decoupling: An Ex Ante Assessment
Authors: Watkins Emma , Ten Brink Patrick , Schweitzer Jean-Pierre , Rogissart Lucile , Nesbit Martin
Published: June 2016

One approach to reducing the environmental costs of economic activity is to design and implement policies that aim at decoupling economic activity from its environmental impacts. Such a decoupling requires an economy-wide approach to policy-making, through broad mixes of policy instruments that create the right framework conditions for decoupling, and which provide coherent and consistent signals to resource-using sectors of the economy. This article summarizes the ex ante qualitative environmental assessment of three policy mixes (over-arching, metals, and land use) developed within the DYNAMIX project, highlighting their potential impacts on raw material extraction, greenhouse gas emissions, land use, freshwater use, and biodiversity (parallel assessments addressed economic and social impacts, and governance issues). Whilst the environmental assessments largely identified positive impacts, some policies had potential for minor negative impacts. The key challenges for undertaking such an assessment are identified (including uncertainty, baseline accuracy, the differing nature and scope of policies, policy flexibility, and the challenges of implementing volume control policies). Finally, some conclusions and lessons for policy-makers are presented, to contribute to the development of future policies and improve the reliability of future environmental assessments of policy mixes.