bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluid Balance in the Critically Ill Child Section: “How Bad Is Fluid in Neonates?”
Authors: Rutledge Austin , Murphy Heidi J. , Harer Matthew W. , Jetton Jennifer G.
Published: April 2021

Fluid overload (FO) in neonates is understudied, and its management requires nuanced care and an understanding of the complexity of neonatal fluid dynamics. Recent studies suggest neonates are susceptible to developing FO, and neonatal fluid balance is impacted by multiple factors including functional renal immaturity in the newborn period, physiologic postnatal diuresis and weight loss, and pathologies that require fluid administration. FO also has a deleterious impact on other organ systems, particularly the lung, and appears to impact survival. However, assessing fluid balance in the postnatal period can be challenging, particularly in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWs), given the confounding role of maternal serum creatinine (Scr), physiologic weight changes, insensible losses that can be difficult to quantify, and difficulty in obtaining accurate intake and output measurements given mixed diaper output. Although significant FO may be an indication for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in older children and adults, KRT may not be technically feasible in the smallest infants and much remains to be learned about optimal KRT utilization in neonates. This article, though not a meta-analysis or systematic review, presents a comprehensive review of the current evidence describing the effects of FO on outcomes in neonates and highlights areas where additional research is needed.
A Novel Homozygous VPS13B Splice-Site Mutation Causing the Skipping of Exon 38 in a Chinese Family With Cohen Syndrome
Authors: Li Liangshan , Bu Xiangmao , Ji Yuhua , Tan Ping , Liu Shiguo
Published: April 2021

Background: Cohen syndrome (CS) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by extensive phenotypic variation with autosomal recessive inheritance. VPS13B was identified to be the disease-causing gene for CS. The objectives of the present study were to screen likely pathogenic mutations of the patient with developmental delay and mental retardation, and to determinate the effect of this splice-site mutation by reverse transcription analysis.

Methods: Whole exome sequencing (WES) in combination with Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the causative mutations of this CS family. Subsequently, the impact of the intronic variant on splicing was analyzed by reverse transcription and the construction of expression vector.

Results: A novel homozygous splice-site mutation (c.6940+1G>T) in the VPS13B gene was identified in this proband. Sanger sequencing analysis of the cDNA demonstrated that the c.6940+1G>T variant could cause the skipping of entire exon 38, resulting in the loss of 208 nucleotides and further give rise to the generation of a premature in-frame stop codon at code 2,247.

Conclusions: The homozygous VPS13B splicing variant c.6940+1G>T was co-segregated with the CS phenotypes in this family and was identified to be the cause of CS after comprehensive consideration of the clinical manifestations, genetic analysis and cDNA sequencing result.
Potential Application of Plant-Based Functional Foods in the Development of Immune Boosters
Authors: Jiang Linlin , Zhang Guoqing , Li Ye , Shi Guirong , Li Minhui
Published: April 2021

Immune dysfunction, which is responsible for the development of human diseases including cancer, is caused by a variety of factors. Therefore, regulation of the factors influencing the immune response is a potentially effective strategy to counter diseases. Presently, several immune adjuvants are used in clinical practice to enhance the immune response and host defense ability; however, synthetic drugs can exert negative side effects. Thus, the search for natural products of plant origin as new leads for the development of potent and safe immune boosters is gaining considerable research interest. Plant-based functional foods have been shown to exert several immunomodulatory effects in humans; therefore, the application of new agents to enhance immunological and specific host defenses is a promising approach. In this comprehensive review, we have provided an up-to-date report on the use as well as the known and potential mechanisms of bioactive compounds obtained from plant-based functional foods as natural immune boosters. Plant-based bioactive compounds promote immunity through multiple mechanisms, including influencing the immune organs, cellular immunity, humoral immunity, nonspecific immunity, and immune-related signal transduction pathways. Enhancement of the immune response in a natural manner represents an excellent prospect for disease prevention and treatment and is worthy of further research and development using approaches of modern science and technology.
Berberine Regulated miR150-5p to Inhibit P2X7 Receptor, EMMPRIN and MMP-9 Expression in oxLDL Induced Macrophages
Authors: Lu Lin , Huang Jianjian , Xue Xia , Wang Ting , Huang Zhouqing , Li Jianmin
Published: April 2021

Elevated extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced macrophages leads to the progression of vulnerable plaques by degradation of the extracellular matrix. Our previous report showed that berberine regulates the expression of both EMMPRIN and MMP-9. In addition, P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) upregulation plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, it is unclear whether berberine regulated P2X7R level to inhibit both EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expession in macrophages. In the present study, we investigated the impact of berberine on P2X7R expression and the regulation of P2X7R in the expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 in oxLDL-induced macrophages. We found that P2X7R expression was increased, miR150-5p was reduced in oxLDL-induced macrophages, relatively. And A-438079 (a P2X7R inhibitor) or miR150-5p mimic treatment greatly reversed the upregulation of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expression. Moreover, A-438079 significantly reduced oxLDL-induced AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPK-α) phosphorylation and reversed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which in turn decreased the expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-9. These findings illustrate that P2X7R suppresses EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expression by inhibiting the AMPK-α/MAPK pathway in oxLDL-induced macrophages. Accordingly, exposure to berberine markedly upregulated miR150-5p, decreased P2X7R expression and downregulated MMP-9 and EMMPRIN levels in oxLDL-induced macrophages, resulting in AMPK-α/MAPK (JNK, p38, and ERK) inactivation. Overall, these results indicate that berberine increased miR150-5p level, subsequently inhibits P2X7R-mediated EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expression by suppressing AMPK-α and MAPK signaling in oxLDL-induced macrophages.
The Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (Fgf9) Participates in Palatogenesis by Promoting Palatal Growth and Elevation
Authors: Li Ruomei , Sun Yidan , Chen Zhengxi , Zheng Mengting , Shan Yuhua , Ying Xiyu , Weng Mengjia , Chen Zhenqi
Published: April 2021

Cleft palate, a common global congenital malformation, occurs due to disturbances in palatal growth, elevation, contact, and fusion during palatogenesis. TheFibroblast growth factor 9(FGF9) mutation has been discovered in humans with cleft lip and palate.Fgf9is expressed in both the epithelium and mesenchyme, with temporospatial diversity during palatogenesis. However, the specific role ofFgf9in palatogenesis has not been extensively discussed. Herein, we usedDdx4-Cremice to generate anFgf9–/–mouse model (with anFgf9exon 2 deletion) that exhibited a craniofacial syndrome involving a cleft palate and deficient mandibular size with 100% penetrance. A smaller palatal shelf size, delayed palatal elevation, and contact failure were investigated to be the intrinsic causes for cleft palate. Hyaluronic acid accumulation in the extracellular matrix (ECM) sharply decreased, while the cell density correspondingly increased inFgf9–/–mice. Additionally, significant decreases in cell proliferation were discovered in not only the palatal epithelium and mesenchyme but also among cells in Meckel’s cartilage and around the mandibular bone inFgf9–/–mice. Serial sections of embryonic heads dissected at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) were subjected to craniofacial morphometric measurement. This highlighted the reduced oral volume owing to abnormal tongue size and descent, and insufficient mandibular size, which disturbed palatal elevation inFgf9–/–mice. These results indicate thatFgf9facilitates palatal growth and timely elevation by regulating cell proliferation and hyaluronic acid accumulation. Moreover,Fgf9ensures that the palatal elevation process has adequate space by influencing tongue descent, tongue morphology, and mandibular growth.
Genetic Analysis and Fine Mapping of the Fire Blight Resistance Locus of Malus ×arnoldiana on Linkage Group 12 Reveal First Candidate Genes
Authors: Emeriewen Ofere Francis , Richter Klaus , Flachowsky Henryk , Malnoy Mickael , Peil Andreas
Published: April 2021

Malus ×arnoldiana accession MAL0004 has been found to be resistant to moderately and highly virulent strains of the fire blight causal pathogen – the Gram-negative bacterium, Erwinia amylovora. Genetic analyses with an F1 segregating population derived from crossing the highly susceptible apple cultivar ‘Idared’ and MAL0004 led to the detection and mapping of the fire blight resistance locus of M. ×arnoldiana to linkage group (LG)12 (FB_Mar12). FB_Mar12 mapped at the distal end of LG12 below the apple SSR Hi07f01 in an interval of approximately 6 cM (Centimorgan), where both the fire blight resistance loci of M. floribunda 821 and ‘Evereste’ were located. We fine mapped the region containing FB_Mar12 using 892 progenies. Mining of the region of interest (ROI) on the ‘Golden Delicious’ doubled haploid genome (GDDH13) identified the presence of 2.3 Mb (megabases) in the homologous region. Of 40 primer pairs designed within this region, 20 were polymorphic and nine were mapped, leading to the identification of 24 significant recombinant individuals whose phenotypes were informative in determining the precise position of the locus within a 0.57 cM interval. Analyses of tightly linked marker sequences on the M. baccata draft genome revealed scaffolds of interest putatively harboring the resistance loci of M. ×arnoldiana, a hybrid between M. baccata and M. floribunda. Open reading frame (ORF) analyses led to the prediction of first fire blight resistance candidate genes with serine/threonine kinase and leucine-rich repeat domains, including homologs of previously identified ‘Evereste’ candidate genes. We discuss the implications of these results on breeding for resistance to fire blight.
The Relationship Between Cultural Value Orientations and the Changes in Mobility During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A National-Level Analysis
Authors: Atalay Selin , Solmazer Gaye
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the relationship between cultural value orientations and country-specific changes in mobility during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim was to understand how cultural values relate to mobility behavior during the initial stages of the pandemic. The aggregated data include Schwartz's cultural orientations, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, number of Covid-19 cases per million, and mobility change during the Covid-19 pandemic (Google Mobility Reports; percentage decrease in retail and recreation mobility, transit station mobility, workplace mobility and percentage mobility increase in residential areas). Regression analyses showed that, after controlling for economy and severity of disease, hierarchy was the primary factor reducing mobility, such as staying at home, and mobility in public spaces, such as avoiding retail and recreation sites (marginally significant). The results are discussed in the light of previous literature and the implications for social distancing measures.
Attention or Distraction? The Impact of Mobile Phone on Users' Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Chu Jianxun , Qaisar Sara , Shah Zakir , Jalil Afsheen
Published: April 2021

Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that mobile phone distraction, in particular among emerging adults, is a growing problem. Considerable efforts have been made to contribute to the literature by proposing cognitive emotion pre-occupation which acts as an underlying mechanism through which mobile phone distraction results in a reduction in psychological well-being. The proposed model is supported by distraction-conflict theory which reveals that users, with high attention control, are better at coping with the negative consequences of mobile phone distraction. The data, consisting of 914 University students in China, was analyzed using statistical tools. The results support that mobile phone distraction has a significant positive relationship with cognitive emotional pre-occupation which negatively affects users' psychological well-being. Our findings also reveal that attention control moderated the mediation effect of cognitive emotional pre-occupation in association with mobile phone distraction and psychological well-being. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed along with limitations and future research.
Focus on the Mental Health of Pediatric Medical Workers in China After the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Li
Published: April 2021

As was previously known, pediatric medical staff in China faced several hurdles including high occupational risk, multiple contradictions, heavy workload, and long working hours. After the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus, facing the overload of work and the potential risk of infection, pediatric medical workers may be under great psychological pressure. The purpose of this article was to call attention to the impact of the epidemic on the mental health of Chinese pediatric workers, and developing psychological intervention program that are tailored to them. The experiences from this public health emergency should inform the efficiency and quality of future crisis intervention of the Chinese government and authorities around the world.
Maintaining Outcomes of Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Network Analysis of Follow-Up Effects
Authors: Kaiser Tim , Boschloo Lynn , Berger Thomas , Meyer Björn , Späth-Nellissen Christina , Schröder Johanna , Hohagen Fritz , Moritz Steffen , Klein Jan Philipp
Published: April 2021

Background: Depression is a highly prevalent mental disorder, but only a fraction of those affected receive evidence-based treatments. Recently, Internet-based interventions were introduced as an efficacious and cost-effective approach. However, even though depression is a heterogenous construct, effects of treatments have mostly been determined using aggregated symptom scores. This carries the risk of concealing important effects and working mechanisms of those treatments.

Methods: In this study, we analyze outcome and long-term follow-up data from the EVIDENT study, a large (N = 1,013) randomized-controlled trial comparing an Internet intervention for depression (Deprexis) with care as usual. We use Network Intervention Analysis to examine the symptom-specific effects of the intervention. Using data from intermediary and long-term assessments that have been conducted over 36 months, we intend to reveal how the treatment effects unfold sequentially and are maintained.

Results: Item-level analysis showed that scale-level effects can be explained by small item-level effects on most depressive symptoms at all points of assessment. Higher scores on these items at baseline predicted overall symptom reduction throughout the whole assessment period. Network intervention analysis offered insights into potential working mechanisms: while deprexis directly affected certain symptoms of depression (e.g., worthlessness and fatigue) and certain aspects of the quality of life (e.g., overall impairment through emotional problems), other domains were affected indirectly (e.g., depressed mood and concentration as well as activity level). The configuration of direct and indirect effects replicates previous findings from another study examining the same intervention.

Conclusions: Internet interventions for depression are not only effective in the short term, but also exert long-term effects. Their effects are likely to affect only a small subset of problems. Patients reporting these problems are likely to benefit more from the intervention. Future studies on online interventions should examine symptom-specific effects as they potentially reveal the potential of treatment tailoring.

Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02178631.
Intentional Discontinuation of Psychostimulants Used to Treat ADHD in Youth: A Review and Analysis
Authors: Lohr W. David , Wanta Jonathon W. , Baker Megan , Grudnikoff Eugene , Morgan Wynne , Chhabra Divya , Lee Terry
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This paper reviews the literature on intentional discontinuation of psychostimulants in ADHD to summarize what is known about clinical course of controlled discontinuation and guide practitioners who are considering stopping these medications for youth with ADHD.

Methods: A systematic search was executed in Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Psychinfo, and MEDLINE databases to identify all articles that addressed the topic of deprescribing of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents. Keywords and search strings were developed using “PICO” framework, involving Population of interest (<18 y.o.), Intervention (“discontinuation,” “deprescribing,” and synonyms), Comparator (continuation of specific medications), and Outcomes. Ten reviewers conducted the initial screen via a single reviewer system. Articles that met a set of three inclusionary criteria were selected for full text review and identification as specific to discontinuation of stimulants in ADHD.

Results: The literature review identified 35 articles specifically addressing intentional deprescribing, discontinuation, tapering, or withdrawal of stimulants for children and adolescents with ADHD. In addition to providing broad support for the efficacy of stimulants to treat ADHD and reduce negative outcomes, there is a distinct population of children and adolescents with ADHD who do not relapse or deteriorate when taken off medications for ADHD. The majority of articles addressed either the re-emergence of ADHD symptoms or side effects, both desired and adverse, following discontinuation of stimulants. While confirming the ability of stimulants to treat ADHD in youth, our results support periodic consideration of trials of stopping medications to determine continued need.

Conclusions: This systematic review summarizes the literature on deprescribing stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration of treatment, identify patients that may benefit from medication discontinuation, and inform evidence-based guidelines for discontinuation when appropriate. More research is needed to understand and define the subgroup of youth who may succeed with stimulant discontinuation.
Effects of Acrophobic Fear and Trait Anxiety on Human Behavior in a Virtual Elevated Plus-Maze
Authors: Madeira Octavia , Gromer Daniel , Latoschik Marc Erich , Pauli Paul
Published: April 2021

The Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) is a well-established apparatus to measure anxiety in rodents, i.e., animals exhibiting an increased relative time spent in the closed vs. the open arms are considered anxious. To examine whether such anxiety-modulated behaviors are conserved in humans, we re-translated this paradigm to a human setting using virtual reality in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) system. In two studies, we examined whether the EPM exploration behavior of humans is modulated by their trait anxiety and also assessed the individuals’ levels of acrophobia (fear of height), claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces), sensation seeking, and the reported anxiety when on the maze. First, we constructed an exact virtual copy of the animal EPM adjusted to human proportions. In analogy to animal EPM studies, participants (N = 30) freely explored the EPM for 5 min. In the second study (N = 61), we redesigned the EPM to make it more human-adapted and to differentiate influences of trait anxiety and acrophobia by introducing various floor textures and lower walls of closed arms to the height of standard handrails. In the first experiment, hierarchical regression analyses of exploration behavior revealed the expected association between open arm avoidance and Trait Anxiety, an even stronger association with acrophobic fear. In the second study, results revealed that acrophobia was associated with avoidance of open arms with mesh-floor texture, whereas for trait anxiety, claustrophobia, and sensation seeking, no effect was detected. Also, subjects’ fear rating was moderated by all psychometrics but trait anxiety. In sum, both studies consistently indicate that humans show no general open arm avoidance analogous to rodents and that human EPM behavior is modulated strongest by acrophobic fear, whereas trait anxiety plays a subordinate role. Thus, we conclude that the criteria for cross-species validity are met insufficiently in this case. Despite the exploratory nature, our studies provide in-depth insights into human exploration behavior on the virtual EPM.
Daily Rhythms of the Body and the Biological Clock
Authors: Shochat Tamar , Tauber Eran
Published: April 2021

Earth’s rotation creates a cycle of day and night, which is observed as changes in light levels and temperature. During evolution, plants and animals adapted to these cycles, developing daily cycles of physical and behavioral processes that are driven by a central biological clock, also known as the circadian clock. Even in the absence of changes in light between day and night, the biological clock creates cycles called circadian rhythms. The nervous system transfers information about the external light level to the biological clock in the brain, which matches the clock’s cycle to the external environment. The biological clock prepares the body for environmental changes. The modern world has created disruptions in the circadian clock’s timing, because of electrical lighting, flights to other time zones, and work during the night. The study of chronobiology studies the mechanisms of the biological clock and the clock’s influence on human health.
The NUMEN Project: An Update of the Facility Toward the Future Experimental Campaigns
Authors: Cappuzzello Francesco , Acosta Luis , Agodi Clementina , Boztosun Ismail , Brischetto Giuseppe A. , Calabrese Salvatore , Calabretta Luciano , Calvo Daniela , Campajola Luigi , Capirossi Vittoria , Carbone Diana , Cavallaro Manuela , Chávez Efrain , Ciraldo Irene , Delaunay Franck , Djapo Haris , Ferraresi Carlo , Finocchiaro Paolo , Fisichella Maria , Gandolfo Elisa M. , Iazzi Felice , Moralles Mauricio , Neri Lorenzo , Oliveira Josè R. B. , Pandola Luciano , Petrascu Horia , Pinna Federico , Russo Antonio D. , Sartirana Diego , Sgouros Onoufrios , Solakci S. O. , Soukeras Vasileios , Spatafora Alessandro , Torresi Domenico , Tudisco Salvatore , Yildirim Aydin
Published: April 2021

The goal of NUMEN project is to access experimentally driven information on Nuclear Matrix Elements (NME) involved in the neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) by accurate measurements of the cross sections of heavy-ion induced double charge-exchange reactions. In particular, the (18O,18Ne) and (20Ne,20O) reactions are adopted as tools for β+β+and β−β−decays, respectively. The experiments are performed at INFN–Laboratory Nazionali del Sud (LNS) in Catania using the Superconducting Cyclotron to accelerate the beams and the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer to detect the reaction products. The measured cross sections are very low, limiting the present exploration to few selected isotopes of interest in the context of typically low-yield experimental runs. In order to make feasible a systematic study of all the candidate nuclei, a major upgrade of the LNS facility is foreseen to increase the experimental yield by more than two orders of magnitude. To this purpose, frontier technologies are being developed for both the accelerator and the detection systems. An update description of the NUMEN project is presented here, focusing on recent achievements from the R&D activity.
Tone From the Top: The Role of the General Counsel in the Prevention of Harassment and Abuse in International Sports
Authors: Carska-Sheppard Andrea , Ammons Sarah
Published: April 2021

To prevent harassment and abuse in sports, the consensus is that an essential factor is “tone from the top” of the organization. It is key as a catalyst and sustainer of change, whether in the corporate or sports world. An organization's general counsel is one of the go-to top advisors for executive leadership regarding laws and regulations. Additionally, they serve as advisors for issues in other areas, such as public policy, ethical and legal risks, and human rights. With their leadership, general counsels can play a vital role in the prevention of harassment and abuse in an organization. The guidance and leadership of the general counsel should facilitate reviewing and strengthening of the organization's policies and procedures and other strategies helping to prevent and address issues of harassment and abuse. Legal issues become more complex the more global the organization, so more complex strategies are needed to tackle these issues successfully.
The Contribution of Mobile Pastoral Herds to Soil Fertility Maintenance in Sedentary Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems at Farm and Territory Scales—Part of Mutually Reinforcing Social and Ecological Relationships Supporting Sustainability
Authors: Alary Véronique , Aboul-Naga Adel , Osman Mona A. , Daoud Ibrahim , Vayssières Jonathan
Published: April 2021

Agricultural development through settlement schemes on desert lands has always raised acute debates, especially over environmental issues due to cultivation based on intensive additions of water and fertilizers. However, nutrient cycling approaches at the farm level are generally based on apparent N flows, i.e., purchased inputs and sold products, without considering nutrient flows driven by mobile herds crossing the arable lands of sedentary farmers. Through a territory level approach, the present study aimed to assess the contribution of mobile pastoral herds located in the newly reclaimed land on the western desert edge of the Nile Delta on the supply of the manure for local sedentary farms. Based on a survey of 175 farmers, we calculated the partial farm nitrogen balances. Supplemental interviews were conducted with the pastoral community to assess the additional manure coming from grazing practices in the research area. The results show that the sedentary mixed crop-livestock systems based on the planting ofTrifolium alexandrinumand a manure supply make a useful contribution toward converting poor, marginal soil into fertile soil. Moreover, grazing of crop residue by pastoral herds on the reclaimed land contributes to social sustainability by maintaining social links between the first occupants, the Bedouins, and the new settlers. Grazing accounts for 9% to 34% of farm-level N input and 25% to 64% of farm-level N output depending on the village and the cropping system. This contribution calls for different rural policies that consider the complementarity between pastoral herders and sedentary farmers that supports both systems' social and environmental sustainability.
Social Enterprise as a Model to Improve Live Release and Euthanasia Rates in Animal Shelters
Authors: Thomsen Jennifer , Thomsen Bastian , Copeland Kellen , Coose Sarah , Blackwell Sean , Dante Vitoria
Published: April 2021

This paper explored the role that social entrepreneurship may play in helping to improve euthanasia and live release rates in animal shelters. This paper used a qualitative, comparative ethnographic study that included semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and archival research. It compared two large animal shelters from the U.S. and Australia. Collectively, 21 formal interviews, more than 30 informal interviews, and participant observation were conducted over a 6-month time frame between the two countries. Findings indicate that three main factors may contribute to the transformation of non-profit animals shelters and result in improved euthanasia and live release rates, as well as animal caregiver burnout. These include: (1) professionalizing shelter management, (2) engaging with non-profit social enterprise activities, and (3) improving the efficiency of daily operations. In this paper, we argue that by embracing non-profit social enterprise activities, animal shelters may improve anthropocentric animal shelter activities to positively affect human and non-human rights, welfare, and agency. We do not contend that non-profit animal shelters should sacrifice their stated mission or ethics to include business practices. Rather, by professionalizing management and operations that include self-sustaining diverse revenue streams, it may free up time and resources to make a greater effect in positive non-human animal welfare and outcomes.
Sense of Unity and Self-Reported Health Among 15-year-Olds: Findings From the Swedish 2017/18 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Study
Authors: Wahlström Joakim , Modin Bitte , Svensson Johan , Löfstedt Petra , Brolin Låftman Sara
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Sense of unity refers to the positive feeling of being part of a larger social structure. This study aimed to investigate to what extent adolescents report sense of unity and if this differs across groups, and to assess the associations between sense of unity and self-reported health while taking into account sociodemographic characteristics and tangible social relationships.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2017/18 Swedish Health Behavior in School-aged Children study, using information collected among 15-year-old students (n = 1,392). Linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results: The participants reported overall high levels of sense of unity. Sense of unity did not differ by gender, but adolescents without an immigrant background and those with higher family affluence reported higher levels. Sense of unity was inversely associated with psychological complaints, somatic complaints, and less than good self-rated health, even when adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and family, classmate, and teacher relationships.

Conclusion: This study suggests that sense of unity may be an important social determinant for adolescent health. More research is needed on the origins and implications of sense of unity.
Identification of Key Genes Involved in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Diabetes Mellitus Based on Gene Expression Profiling Analysis
Authors: Zhou Weiyu , Wang Yujing , Gao Hongmei , Jia Ying , Xu Yuanxin , Wan Xiaojing , Zhang Zhiying , Yu Haiqiao , Yan Shuang
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to identify key genes involved in the progression of diabetic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Two gene expression datasets (GSE74629 and GSE15932) were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between diabetic PDAC and non-diabetic PDAC were identified, followed by a functional analysis. Subsequently, gene modules related to DM were extracted by weighed gene co-expression network analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for genes in significant modules was constructed and functional analyses were also performed. After that, the optimal feature genes were screened by support vector machine (SVM) recursive feature elimination and SVM classification model was built. Finally, survival analysis was conducted to identify prognostic genes. The correlations between prognostic genes and other clinical factors were also analyzed. Totally, 1546 DEGs with consistent change tendencies were identified and functional analyses showed they were strongly correlated with metabolic pathways. Furthermore, there were two significant gene modules, in which RPS27A and UBA52 were key genes. Functional analysis of genes in two gene modules revealed that these genes primarily participated in oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Additionally, 21 feature genes were closely related with diabetic PDAC and the corresponding SVM classifier markedly distinguished diabetic PDAC from non-diabetic PDAC patients. Finally, decreased KIF22 and PYGL levels had good survival outcomes for PDAC. Four genes (RPS27A, UBA52, KIF22 and PYGL) might be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic PDAC. Furthermore, KIF22 and PYGL acted as prognostic biomarkers for diabetic PDAC.
Napsin A Expression in Human Tumors and Normal Tissues
Authors: Weidemann Sören , Böhle Jan Lukas , Contreras Hendrina , Luebke Andreas M. , Kluth Martina , Büscheck Franziska , Hube-Magg Claudia , Höflmayer Doris , Möller Katharina , Fraune Christoph , Bernreuther Christian , Rink Michael , Simon Ronald , Menz Anne , Hinsch Andrea , Lebok Patrick , Clauditz Till , Sauter Guido , Uhlig Ria , Wilczak Waldemar , Steurer Stefan , Burandt Eike , Krech Rainer , Dum David , Krech Till , Marx Andreas , Minner Sarah
Published: April 2021

Background: Novel aspartic proteinase of the pepsin family A (Napsin A, TAO1/TAO2) is a functional aspartic proteinase which is involved in the maturation of prosurfactant protein B in type II pneumocytes and the lysosomal protein catabolism in renal cells. Napsin A is highly expressed in adenocarcinomas of the lung and is thus commonly used to affirm this diagnosis. However, studies have shown that other tumors can also express Napsin A.

Methods: To comprehensively determine Napsin A expression in normal and tumor tissue, 11,957 samples from 115 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 500 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were evaluable by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays.

Results: Napsin A expression was present in 16 different tumor types. Adenocarcinoma of the lung (85.6%), clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary (71.7%), clear cell adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (42.8%), papillary renal cell carcinoma (40.2%), clear cell (tubulo) papillary renal cell carcinoma (16.7%), endometrial serous carcinoma (9.3%), papillary thyroid carcinoma (9.3%) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (8.2%) were among the tumors with the highest prevalence of Napsin A positivity. In papillary and clear cell renal cell carcinoma, reduced Napsin A expression was linked to adverse clinic-pathological features (p ≤ 0.03).

Conclusion: This methodical approach enabled us to identify a ranking order of tumors according to their relative prevalence of Napsin A expression. The data also show that loss of Napsin A is linked to tumor dedifferentiation in renal cell carcinomas.
Rapid Screening of Essential Oils as Substances Which Enhance Antibiotic Activity Using a Modified Well Diffusion Method
Authors: Cui Ze-Hua , He Hui-Ling , Wu Shuai-Bin , Dong Chun-Liu , Lu Si-Ya , Shan Ti-Jiang , Fang Liang-Xing , Liao Xiao-Ping , Liu Ya-Hong , Sun Jian
Published: April 2021

Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as one of the major global health challenges of the 21st century. Synergistic combinations for antimicrobial therapies can be a good strategy for the treatment of multidrug resistant infections. We examined the ability of a group of 29 plant essential oils as substances which enhance the antibiotic activity. We used a modified well diffusion method to establish a high-throughput screening method for easy and rapid identification of high-level enhancement combinations against bacteria. We found that 25 essential oils possessed antibacterial activity against Escherichia Coli ATCC 25922 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 43300 with MICs that ranged from 0.01% to 2.5% v/v. We examined 319 (11 × 29) combinations in a checkerboard assay with E. Coli ATCC 25922 and MRSA 43300, and the result showed that high-level enhancement combinations were 48 and 44, low-level enhancement combinations were 214 and 211, and no effects combinations were 57 and 64, respectively. For further verification we randomly chose six combinations that included orange and Petitgrain essential oils in a standard time-killing assay. The results are in great agreement with those of the well diffusion assays. Therefore, the modified diffusion method was a rapid and effective method to screen high-level enhancement combinations of antibiotics and essential oils.
LC-ESI/MS-Phytochemical Profiling with Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral and In Silico Pharmacological Properties of Algerian Asphodelus tenuifolius (Cav.) Organic Extracts
Authors: Khalfaoui Ayoub , Noumi Emira , Belaabed Soumia , Aouadi Kaïss , Lamjed Bouslama , Adnan Mohd , Defant Andrea , Kadri Adel , Snoussi Mejdi , Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Mancini Ines
Published: April 2021

Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. (A. tenuifolius) is a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional use to treat ailments. In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid content evaluation using LC-ESI/MS analysis and various biological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxicity) of organic extracts from the aerial parts of A. tenuifolius were analyzed. ADME tools were used to predict the potential of the identified compounds from the most potent extract as specific drugs. As shown, LC-ESI/MS results of chloroformic extract allowed the tentative identification of 12 compounds. Chloroformic extract was rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity given by DPPH (IC50 = 25 µg/mL) as compared to the BHT standard (11.5 µg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching assays (IC50 = 95.692 µg/mL). Antibacterial activity results showed that chloroformic extract has a highest activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, especially against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (IZ = 19.3 mm, MIC = 18.75 mg/mL, MBC = 37.5 mg/mL). The MBC/MIC ratio was evaluated to interpret the activity that was bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. Conversely, weaker antifungal activity was registered, and no antiviral activity was observed for all extracts against Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 and Coxsakievirus B-3 viruses. Cytotoxic activity on VERO cell line results revealed that butanol extract was not toxic, with CC50 value of 1430 µg/mL, while chloroformic extract showed moderate cytotoxicity. Additionally, in silico studies performed proved promising pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties of the main compounds from the chloroformic extract. Taken together, this work highlights the potent bioactivity and acceptable drug-likeness of this plant, which supports its further preclinical development.
Fixed Points Results for Various Types of Tricyclic Contractions
Authors: Sabiri Mustapha , Bassou Abdelhafid , Mouline Jamal , Sabar Taoufik
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we introduce four new types of contractions called in this order Kanan-S-type tricyclic contraction, Chattergea-S-type tricyclic contraction, Riech-S-type tricyclic contraction, Cirić-S-type tricyclic contraction, and we prove the existence and uniqueness for a fixed point for each situation.
The Role of Microbiome and Virome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Ntolios Paschalis , Tzilas Vassilios , Bouros Evangelos , Avdoula Eleni , Karakasiliotis Ioannis , Bouros Demosthenes , Steiropoulos Paschalis
Published: April 2021

The interest in the lung microbiome and virome and their contribution to the pathogenesis, perpetuation and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been increasing during the last decade. The utilization of high-throughput sequencing to detect microbial and/or viral genetic material in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lung tissue samples has amplified the ability to identify and quantify specific microbial and viral populations. In stable IPF, higher microbial burden is associated with worse prognosis but no specific microbe has been identified to contribute to this. Additionally, no causative relation has been established. Regarding viral infections, although in the past they have been associated with IPF, causation has not been proved. Although in the past the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF) was not considered in patients with overt infection, this was amended in the last few years and infection is considered a cause for exacerbation. Besides this, a higher microbial burden has been found in the lungs of patients with AE-IPF and an association with higher morbidity and mortality has been confirmed. In contrast, an association of AE-IPF with viral infection has not been established. Despite the progress during the last decade, a comprehensive knowledge of the microbiome and virome in IPF and their role in disease pathogenesis are yet elusive. Although association with disease severity, risk for progression and mortality has been established, causation has not been proven and the potential use as a biomarker or the benefits of antimicrobial therapeutic strategies are yet to be determined.
Circulating microRNAs Related to Bone Metabolism in HIV-Associated Bone Loss
Authors: Yavropoulou Maria P. , Kolynou Artemis , Makras Polyzois , Pikilidou Maria , Nanoudis Sideris , Skoura Lemonia , Tsachouridou Olga , Ntritsos Georgios , Tzallas Alexandros , Tsalikakis Dimitrios G. , Tsave Olga , Metallidis Simeon , Chatzidimitriou Dimitrios
Published: April 2021

The pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated bone loss is complex and to date largely unknown. In this study, we investigated serum expression of microRNAS (miRNAs) linked to bone metabolism in HIV-associated bone loss. This was a case-control study. Thirty male individuals with HIV infection (HIV+) and osteoporosis/osteopenia (HIV+/OP+) (cases) and 30 age-matched male HIV+ individuals with normal bone mass (HIV+/OP−) (controls) were included in the analysis. Thirty male individuals matched for age without HIV infection (HIV−), were also included as second controls. The selected panel of miRNAs was as follows: hsa-miRNA-21-5p; hsa-miRNA-23a-3p; hsa-miRNA-24-2-5p; hsa-miRNA-26a-5p; hsa-miRNA-29a-3p; hsa-miRNA-124-3p; hsa-miRNA-33a-5p; and hsa-miRNA-133a-3p. Within the cohort of HIV+ individuals, relative serum expression of miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-23a-3p was significantly lower (p < 0.001) while the expression of miRNA-24-2-5p was significantly higher (p = 0.030) in HIV+/OP+ compared to HIV+/OP−. Expression of miRNA-21-5p demonstrated a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 66.7 in distinguishing HIV+/OP+ individuals. Expression of circulating miRNAs related to bone metabolism; miRNA-23a-3p, miRNA-24-2-5p, and miRNA-21-5p is significantly altered in HIV+OP+ individuals, in line with data on other causes of osteoporosis, suggesting a common pattern of circulating miRNAs independent of the underlying cause.
Review of NMR Studies for Oilwell Cements and Their Importance
Authors: Saleh Fatemeh K. , Teodoriu Catalin , Sondergeld Carl
Published: April 2021

This paper summarizes experimental studies using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to evaluate cement porosity, pore size distribution, and other characteristics such as Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) gel structure and morphology. The first known paper on NMR experiments to investigate cement pastes was published in 1978. Two main NMR parameters, the so-called longitudinal T1 and transverse T2 relaxation times, are commonly measured and analyzed, representing the water response which is trapped in the cement. The hydration process reported in this paper was found to be monitored from as low as 10 min to longer than 365 days. Other studies conducted experiments by using NMR, especially during the 1980s. These studies employed variations in methodologies and frequencies, making data comparison difficult. Additionally, different spectrometers and NMR concepts, as well as operating characteristics, were used. Therefore, it is challenging to reconcile results from previous NMR studies on cement. Other significant hurdles are different cement types, water/cement ratio, and curing conditions. One notable observation is that there has not been any comprehensive laboratory work related to NMR on oilfield cement types, including porosity and hydration. Two recent studies have presented NMR measurements on class G and class H cements.
Construction Site Utilization Planning: A Process Based upon Industry Best Practices
Authors: Whitman Jarrell , Deshpande Abhijeet , Zech Wesley , Perez Michael
Published: April 2021

Construction site utilization planning (CSUP), also known as jobsite layout planning, has implications on the safety, productivity, scheduling, and budgetary performance of a project. Past research efforts on CSUP have mainly focused on the development of optimization systems that delineate and allocate site space to predetermined temporary facilities based on time and/or cost constraints. Despite the significant body of knowledge on site optimization systems, the applicability of optimization algorithms remains limited due to the unique requirements and site constraints faced on each construction project. An important aspect not identified in past research efforts are the current practices for site utilization plan (SUP) development currently used by the construction industry. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to: (1) determine the state-of-the-practice regarding CSUP within the construction industry, (2) identify current SUP best practices, and (3) develop a procedure that outlines the CSUP process. An electronic survey was sent to 4021 industry professionals inquiring on current CSUP practices. A total of 240 responses were received, for a response rate of 6%. Thirteen best practices were identified from the survey, each focusing on an important aspect of the site planning process. These best practices were validated through a follow-up survey, as well as in-person interviews with experienced construction professionals. From the best practices, a procedure describing the development of a SUP was created. Key components identified were: (1) begin CSUP during budget development, (2) involve all stake holders associated with the project, and (3) remain flexible on space allocation throughout the construction life cycle.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk Management in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Diaz de la Fe Amado , Peláez Suárez Alejandro Armando , Fuentes Campos Marinet , Cabrera Hernández Maivis Noemí , Goncalves Carlos-Alberto , Schultz Stephen , Siniscalco Dario , Robinson-Agramonte Maria Angeles
Published: April 2021

The novel coronavirus can cause a severe respiratory disease with impact on the central nervous system, as has been reported by several medical health services. In the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 neurotrophic virus, neurologists have focused their attention on the early identification of suggestive manifestations of the neurological impact of the disease. In this context, they are exploring related chronic disease and the possibility of achieving a more effective understanding of symptoms derived from COVID-19 infection and those derived from the course of preexisting neurological disease. The present review summarizes evidence from the infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the management of the risks of multiple sclerosis and how it is related to the risks of general comorbidities associated with COVID-19. In addition, we reviewed other factors characteristic of MS, such as relapses, and the maximum tolerated dose of treatment medications from clinical and experimental evidence.