bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disorders in Brain Development and Nervous System: Key Molecules and Pathology
Authors: Nakadate Kazuhiko , Kawakami Kiyoharu
Published: October 2024

Brain development is an extremely complex and essential biological process that begins at the start of life and continues throughout an individual’s lifespan [...]
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Response of the Dioryctria abietella Larva Midgut to Bacillus thuringiensis 2913 Infection
Authors: Chen Ruting , Zhuang Yutong , Wang Meiling , Yu Jia , Chi Defu
Published: October 2024

Dioryctria abietella Denis Schiffermuller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an oligophagous pest that mainly damages Pinaceae plants. Here, we investigated the effects of the Bacillus thuringiensis 2913 strain (Bt 2913), which carries the Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab, and Vip3Aa genes, on the D. abietella midgut transcriptome at 6, 12, and 24 h after infection. In total, 7497 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the midgut transcriptome of D. abietella larvae infected with Bt 2913. Among these DEGs, we identified genes possibly involved in Bt 2913-induced perforation of the larval midgut. For example, the DEGs included 67 genes encoding midgut proteases involved in Cry/Vip toxin activation, 74 genes encoding potential receptor proteins that bind to insecticidal proteins, and 19 genes encoding receptor NADH dehydrogenases that may bind to Cry1Ac. Among the three transcriptomes, 88 genes related to metabolic detoxification and 98 genes related to immune defense against Bt 2913 infection were identified. Interestingly, 145 genes related to the 60S ribosomal protein were among the DEGs identified in the three transcriptomes. Furthermore, we performed bioinformatic analysis of zonadhesin, GST, CYP450, and CarE in the D. abietella midgut to determine their possible associations with Bt 2913. On the basis of the results of this analysis, we speculated that trypsin and other serine proteases in the D. abietella larval midgut began to activate Cry/Vip prototoxin at 6 h to 12 h after Bt 2913 ingestion. At 12 h after Bt 2913 ingestion, chymotrypsin was potentially involved in degrading the active core fragment of Vip3Aa toxin, and the detoxification enzymes in the larvae contributed to the metabolic detoxification of the Bt toxin. The ABC transporter and several other receptor-protein-related genes were also downregulated to increase resistance to Bt 2913. However, the upregulation of 60S ribosomal protein and heat shock protein expression weakened the resistance of larvae to Bt 2913, thereby enhancing the expression of NADH dehydrogenase and other receptor proteins that are highly expressed in the larval midgut and bind to activating toxins, including Cry1Ac. At 24 h after Bt 2913 ingestion, many activated toxins were bound to receptor proteins such as APN in the larval midgut, resulting in membrane perforation. Here, we clarified the mechanism of Bt 2913 infection in D. abietella larvae, as well as the larval immune defense response to Bt 2913, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent control of D. abietella using B. thuringiensis.
Critical Factors and Practices in Mitigating Cybercrimes within E-Government Services: A Rapid Review on Optimising Public Service Management
Authors: Mushtaq Shahrukh , Shah Mahmood
Published: October 2024

This review addresses the fragmented literature on administrative interventions for cybercrime mitigation within e-government services, which often prioritise technological aspects over a unified theoretical framework. By analysing 32 peer-reviewed articles from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, supplemented by additional sources located through Google Scholar, this study synthesises factors within the technical, managerial and behavioural domains using the Theory, Context and Method (TCM) framework. The findings reveal a predominant focus on managerial and technical factors, with behavioural aspects frequently overlooked. Cybercrime mitigation is often treated as a procedural step rather than a holistic process. This study advocates a well-established, context-specific mitigation plan, integrating regional factors through the Human–Organisation–Technology (HOT) framework to develop a comprehensive model for effective cybercrime mitigation in e-government services. This research has practical, theoretical and policy implications, offering actionable insights for improving operational practices, advancing theoretical frameworks and guiding policymakers in formulating effective cybercrime mitigation strategies.
A Study of Exergame System Using Hand Gestures for Wrist Flexibility Improvement for Tenosynovitis Prevention
Authors: Xiao Yanqi , Funabiki Nobuo , Anggraini Irin Tri , Shih Cheng-Liang , Fan Chih-Peng
Published: October 2024

Currently, as an increasing number of people have been addicted to using cellular phones, smartphone tenosynovitis has become common from long-term use of fingers for their operations. Hand exercise while playing video games, which is called exergame, can be a good solution to provide enjoyable daily exercise opportunities for its prevention, particularly, for young people. In this paper, we implemented a simple exergame system with a hand gesture recognition program made in Python using the Mediapipe library. We designed three sets of hand gestures to control the key operations to play the games as different exercises useful for tenosynovitis prevention. For evaluations, we prepared five video games running on a web browser and asked 10 students from Okayama and Hiroshima Universities, Japan, to play them and answer 10 questions in the questionnaire. Their playing results and System Usability Scale (SUS) scores confirmed the usability of the proposal, although we improved one gesture set to reduce its complexity. Moreover, by measuring the angles for maximum wrist movements, we found that the wrist flexibility was improved by playing the games, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposal.
Enhancing Digital Identity: Evaluating Avatar Creation Tools and Privacy Challenges for the Metaverse
Authors: Alcántara Jorge Castillo , Tasic Igor , Cano Maria-Dolores
Published: October 2024

This study explores the process of creating avatars for Virtual Reality and metaverse environments using a variety of specialized applications, including VRChat, Ready Player Me, VRoidStudio, Mixamo, Convai, and MetaHuman. By evaluating these platforms, the research identifies the strengths and limitations of each tool in terms of customization, integration, and overall user experience. The practical implementation focuses on avatar creation within Unity and Unreal Engine, highlighting the technical aspects of rigging, animation, and real-time rendering. The study also delves into the broader implications of avatar use, particularly concerning privacy and security. Our findings reveal that while each platform offers unique advantages, the choice of tool significantly impacts the visual fidelity and performance of avatars in virtual environments. For the ease of use, Ready Player Me stands out with its intuitive interface. VRoidStudio is notable for its high degree of customizability, allowing for detailed avatar personalization. In terms of high-quality graphics, MetaHuman leads the way with its advanced graphical fidelity. At the same time, while some platforms excel in personalizing avatars or integrating with development environments (VRoidStudio, Ready Player Me), others are constrained by their limited flexibility or their platform-specific availability (MetaHuman, Mixamo). Understanding the technical intricacies of these tools is crucial for developing more immersive and secure metaverse experiences.
Association of Hypertension with Different Cognitive Disorders
Authors: Huang Lillian , Aronow Wilbert S.
Published: October 2024

This literature review explores the association between hypertension and major neurocognitive disorders, including delirium, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, which contribute significantly to global mortality and morbidity. Hypertension is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, as it contributes to the progression of neurodegenerative pathologies via vascular damage, inflammation, and the disruption of the blood–brain barrier. Despite this, the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatments in preventing or alleviating cognitive decline remains contentious. While some research highlights the potential benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, other studies show inconsistent results, complicated by variations in hypertension definitions, diagnostic criteria for cognitive disorders, and confounding factors like medication adherence. Furthermore, the complex bidirectional relationship between hypertension and major neurocognitive disorders warrants more investigation, as cognitive decline can exacerbate cardiovascular risks through heightened inflammatory responses and compromised autonomic regulation. This review underscores the need for prospective, long-term studies to elucidate the relationships between hypertension and cognitive disorders and to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits of antihypertensive treatments.
Quantified Deltoid Muscle Stiffness Can Predict Improved Muscle Strength for Elevation Following Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Hatta Taku , Mashiko Ryosuke
Published: October 2024

Objective: Although the indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) are expanding, an improvement in muscle strength in each patient following RSA remains unclear. The objective was to investigate whether or not improvement in muscle strength for shoulder elevation in patients who underwent RSA was influenced by pre- or postoperative deltoid muscle stiffness measured using shear wave elastography (SWE). Methods: Sixty-five patients who underwent RSA over a 12-month follow-up period were included. Patient characteristics and clinical and radiologic measurements were recorded. Preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery, deltoid muscle stiffness and muscle strength for scapular-plane abduction were sequentially measured using SWE and a portable dynamometer. In each quarterly period (3–6, 6–9, and 9–12 months), patients were assessed for an improvement in muscle strength and separated into two groups: improved and non-improved. To assess the risk of lack of improvement in each quarterly period, the variables were compared between the groups. Results: Improvement in muscle strength was observed in 52 patients (80%) at 3–6 months, 46 patients (71%) at 6–9 months, and 39 patients (60%) at 9–12 months. Notably, SWE measurements at the beginning of each period showed significantly greater values in the non-improved group than in the improved group during the subsequent quarterly period. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that SWE values >45.1–50.0 kPa might be associated with a lack of muscle strength improvement over 3 months with 73–87% specificity and 73–85% sensitivity. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that increased deltoid muscle stiffness negatively correlated with an improvement in muscle strength following RSA. According to our results, a postoperative assessment with SWE may be useful for not only improving muscle strength after RSA but also facilitating postoperative improvement by preventing excessive stiffness in the deltoid muscle.
Research on the Effect of a Heave Plate on the Dynamics of the Floating Wind Turbine Using Model Tests
Authors: Yang Lidong , Jiang Yuting , Guo Shibo , Lin Zihe , Deng Wanru , Liu Liqin
Published: October 2024

The increasing demand to harness offshore wind resources has pushed offshore wind turbines into deeper waters, making floating platforms more economically feasible than bottom-fixed ones. When the incident wind and wave forces act on the floating wind turbine, the floating platform will experience oscillations around its equilibrium position in six degrees of freedom (DOFs). Significant floater motions can affect the aerodynamic power output, increase the failure risk, and even shorten the operational lifetime, especially under a harsh offshore environment. To improve the dynamic behavior of the floating platform, this research designed a heave plate for an OC4-Deepcwind wind turbine. The dynamic performance of the wind turbine was specifically investigated based on a series of wave-basin model tests, including free decay tests, regular wave tests, and irregular wave with steady wind tests. The results show that the heave plate increases damping in heave and pitch motions. The weakening effect on the heave and pitch motion is obvious in the wave period of 15–20 s and 20–27 s, respectively. However, the arrangement of the heave plate may exacerbate the fluctuation of the force and moment at the bottom of the tower.
Study on the Effect of Hot and Humid Environmental Factors on the Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Yan Xin , Zhou Zhigang , Fang Yingjia , Ma Chongsen , Yu Guangtao
Published: October 2024

To investigate the effect of hot and humid environmental factors on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures research, in this paper, the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures under the effects of aging, dry–wet cycling, and coupled effects of aging and dry–wet cycling were measured by the simple performance tester (SPT) system, and the dynamic modulus principal curves were fitted based on the sigmoidal function. The results show that under the aging effect, the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture increases with the aging degree; the dynamic modulus of short-term aged, medium-term aged, long-term aged, and ultra-long-term aged asphalt mixtures increased by 9.3%, 26.4%, 44.8%, and 57%, respectively, compared to unaged asphalt mixtures at 20 °C and 10 Hz; the high-temperature stability performance is enhanced, and the low temperature cracking resistance performance is enhanced; under the dry–wet cycle, the aging effect of asphalt water is more obvious in the early stage, and dynamic modulus of resilience of the mixture is slightly increased. In the long-term wet–dry cycle process, water on the asphalt and aggregate erosion increased, the structural bearing capacity attenuation, and the dynamic modulus of rebound greatly reduced at 20 °C and 10 Hz. For example, the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures with seven wet and dry cycles increased by 3% compared to asphalt mixtures without wet and dry cycles, and the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures with 14 cycles of wet and dry cycles and 21 cycles of wet and dry cycles decreased by 10.8% and 16.5%, respectively, compared to asphalt mixtures without wet and dry cycles. The main curve as a whole shifted downward; the high-temperature performance decreased significantly; in the aging wet–dry cycle coupling, the aging asphalt mixture is more susceptible to water erosion, and the first wet–dry cycle after the mix by the degree of water erosion is relatively small, along with the dynamic modulus of rebound. The dynamic modulus of resilience is relatively larger, and the high-temperature performance is relatively better, while the low-temperature performance is worse.
Strong Impact of Particle Size Polydispersity on the Thermal Conductivity of Yukawa Crystals
Authors: Tretiakov Konstantin V. , Hyżorek Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Control of thermal transport in colloidal crystals plays an important role in modern technologies. A deeper understanding of the governing heat transport processes in various systems, such as polydisperse colloidal crystals, is required. This study shows how strongly the particle size polydispersity of a model colloidal crystal influences the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of model colloidal crystals has been calculated using molecular dynamics simulations. The model crystals created by particles interacting through Yukawa (screened-Coulomb) interaction are assumed to have a face-centered cubic structure. The influence of the Debye screening length, contact potential, and particle size polydispersity on the thermal conductivity of Yukawa crystals was investigated. It was found that an increase in particle size polydispersity causes a strong—almost fivefold—decrease in the thermal conductivity of Yukawa crystals. In addition, the obtained results showed that the effect of the particle size polydispersity on reducing the thermal conductivity of Yukawa crystals is stronger than changes in values of the Debye screening length or the contact potential.
Blue Mussel-Derived Bioactive Peptides PIISVYWK (P1) and FSVVPSPK (P2): Promising Agents for Inhibiting Foam Cell Formation and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Marasinghe Chathuri Kaushalya , Je Jae-Young
Published: October 2024

Atherosclerosis is a key etiological event in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), strongly linked to the formation of foam cells. This study explored the effects of two blue mussel-derived bioactive peptides (BAPs), PIISVYWK (P1) and FSVVPSPK (P2), on inhibiting foam cell formation and mitigating inflammation in oxLDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Both peptides significantly suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation and cholesterol levels while promoting cholesterol efflux by downregulating cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and class A1 scavenger receptors (SR-A1) and upregulating ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA-1) and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG-1) expressions. The increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) and liver X receptor-alpha (LXR-α) further validated their role in enhancing cholesterol efflux. Additionally, P1 and P2 inhibited foam cell formation in oxLDL-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells and exerted anti-inflammatory effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), primarily through inhibiting NF-κB activation. Furthermore, P1 and P2 alleviated oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our findings demonstrate that P1 and P2 have significant potential in reducing foam cell formation and inflammation, both critical factors in atherosclerosis development. These peptides may serve as promising therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of CVDs associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
Biodegradation of Heterogeneous Industrial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages
Authors: Masyutin Alexander G. , Tarasova Ekaterina K. , Samsonov Daniil A. , Onishchenko Galina E. , Erokhina Maria V.
Published: October 2024

Industrial multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ig-MWCNTs) make up the majority of carbon nanomaterials, and human contact with them is the most probable. At the same time, the biodegradation of ig-MWCNTs by phagocytes has not been studied—existing articles consider mainly laboratory-grade/functionalized MWCNTs (l-MWCNTs), in contrast to which ig-MWCNTs are a highly heterogeneous nanomaterial in terms of morphological and physicochemical characteristics. The aim of the present study was to analyze ig-MWCNTs’ biodegradation by proinflammatory macrophages. We focused on both extra- and intracellular ig-MWCNTs’ degradation. We analyzed biodegradation of two different types of ig-MWCNTs by human (THP-1) and murine (RAW264.7) macrophages. After 10 days of incubation, we studied nanoparticle localization within cells; isolated intra- and extracellular ig-MWCNTs were used for quantitative analysis. Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis were performed using transmission electron microscopy; electron diffraction was used for nanotube identification. To estimate chemical alterations, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used. The study showed that both intra- and extracellular ig-MWCNTs undergo almost complete biodegradation, but in different ways: intracellular nanotubes become perforated and reduce to graphene flakes, while extracellular become thinner. We believe that the demonstrated variability in the destruction of ig-MWCNTs by cells suggests the possibility of creating nanomaterials with controlled biodegradation properties.
Tuneable Red and Blue Emission of Bi3+-Co-Doped SrF2:Eu3+ Nanophosphors for LEDs in Agricultural Applications
Authors: Periša Jovana , Kuzman Sanja , Ćirić Aleksandar , Ristić Zoran , Antić Željka , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Milićević Bojana
Published: October 2024

Tunable blue/red dual-emitting Eu3+-doped, Bi3+-sensitized SrF2 phosphors were synthesized utilizing a solvothermal-microwave method. All phosphors have cubic structure (Fm-3m (225) space group) and well-distinct sphere-like particles with a size of ~20 nm, as examined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The diffuse reflectance spectra reveal a redshift of the absorption band in the UV region as the Bi3+ concentration in SrF2: Eu3+ phosphor increases. Under the 265 nm excitation, photoluminescence spectra show emission at around 400 nm from the host matrix and characteristic orange 5D0 → 7F1,2 and deep red 5D0 → 7F4 Eu3+ emissions. The red emission intensity increases with an increase in Bi3+ concentration up to 20 mol%, after which it decreases. The integrated intensity of Eu3+ red emission in the representative 20 mol% Bi3+ co-doped SrF2:10 mol% Eu3+ shows twice as bright emission compared to the Bi3+-free sample. To demonstrate the potential application in LEDs for artificial light-based plant factories, the powder with the highest emission intensity, SrF2: 10Eu, 20 Bi, was mixed with a ceramic binder and placed on top of a 275 nm UVC LED chip, showing pinkish violet light corresponding to blue (409 nm) and red (592, 614, and 700 nm) phosphors’ emission.
Optical, Photophysical, and Electroemission Characterization of Blue Emissive Polymers as Active Layer for OLEDs
Authors: Tselekidou Despoina , Papadopoulos Kyparisis , Andrikopoulos Konstantinos C. , Andreopoulou Aikaterini K. , Kallitsis Joannis K. , Logothetidis Stergios , Laskarakis Argiris , Gioti Maria
Published: October 2024

Polymers containing π-conjugated segments are a diverse group of large molecules with semiconducting and emissive properties, with strong potential for use as active layers in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). Stable blue-emitting materials, which are utilized as emissive layers in solution-processed OLED devices, are essential for their commercialization. Achieving balanced charge injection is challenging due to the wide bandgap between the HOMO and LUMO energy levels. This study examines the optical and photophysical characteristics of blue-emitting polymers to contribute to the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of color purity and its stability during the operation of OLED devices. The investigated materials are a novel synthesized lab scale polymer, namely poly[(2,7-di(p-acetoxystyryl)-9-(2-ethylhexyl)-9H-carbazole-4,4′-diphenylsulfone)-co-poly(2,6-diphenylpyrydine-4,4′-diphenylsulfone] (CzCop), as well as three commercially supplied materials, namely Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO), poly[9,9-bis(2′-ethylhexyl) fluorene-2,7-diyl] (PBEHF), and poly (9,9-n-dihexyl-2,7-fluorene-alt-9-phenyl-3,6-carbazole) (F6PC). The materials were compared to evaluate their properties using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, Photoluminescence, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Additionally, the electrical characteristics of the OLED devices were investigated, as well as the stability of the electroluminescence emission spectrum during the device’s operation. Finally, the determined optical properties, combined with their photo- and electro-emission characteristics, provided significant insights into the color stability and selectivity of each material.
Impact of Maternal Moringa oleifera Leaf Supplementation on Milk and Serum Vitamin A and Carotenoid Concentrations in a Cohort of Breastfeeding Kenyan Women and Their Infants
Authors: Attia Suzanna Labib , Odhiambo Silvia A. , Mogaka Jerusha N. , Ondondo Raphael , Schadler Aric , McQuerry Kristen , Fuchs George J. , Williams Janet E. , McGuire Michelle K. , Waterman Carrie , Schulze Kerry , Owuor Patrick M.
Published: October 2024

Background: Childhood vitamin A deficiency leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Human milk is the only source of vitamin A for exclusively breastfed infants. Dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder (moringa) is a good food source of provitamin A and other carotenoids. Its effect during lactation on human milk vitamin A and carotenoid content is unclear. Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the effect of maternal moringa consumption on human milk retinol and carotenoid concentrations and maternal and infant vitamin A status. Methods: We conducted a 3-month pilot single-blinded cluster-randomized controlled trial in breastfeeding mother–infant pairs (n = 50) in Kenya. Mothers received corn porridge with (20 g/d) or without moringa with complete breast expressions and maternal and infant serum collected at enrollment (infant <30 days old) and 3 months. Milk was analyzed for retinol and selected carotenoids; maternal/infant serum was analyzed for retinol binding protein (RBP). Results: 88% (n = 44) pairs completed milk and serum samples. Four mothers (9%) had vitamin A deficiency (RBP <0.07 µmol/L); 11 (25%) were vitamin A insufficient (VAI; RBP <1.05 µmol/L). Alpha-carotene concentration in milk was higher in the moringa than the control group at baseline (p = 0.024) and at exit (least squares means, LSM, 95%CI µg/mL 0.003, 0.003–0.004 moringa vs. 0.002, 0.001–0.003 control, n = 22/cluster; p = 0.014). In mothers with VAI, alpha-carotene was higher in the moringa group than controls at exit (LSM, 95%CI µg/mL 0.005, 0.003–0.009 moringa, n = 3, vs. 0.002, 0.000–0.004 control, n = 8, p = 0.027) with no difference at baseline. Milk carotenoids did not correlate with vitamin A status (serum RBP) in infants or mothers. Conclusions: Maternal moringa consumption did not impact concentration of milk vitamin A and resulted in limited increase in milk carotenoids in this cohort.
Developing Food Consumer Attitudes towards Ionizing Radiation and Genetic Modification
Authors: Junaedi Iwan , McNeill Lisa S. , Hamlin Robert P.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigates consumer perceptions and acceptance of ionizing radiation (IoR) as a perishable food stabilisation technology. Consumers’ preferences influence the success of emerging food technologies. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of consumers’ behavioural responses and their development over time is essential. Methods: This research employs a mixed-methods approach, surveying 313 young adults in New Zealand on their views of both irradiated (IoR) and genetically modified (GM) highly perishable foods. This study explored both participants’ attitudes towards these two technologies and also their willingness to consume these foods. Results: The qualitative research revealed a preponderance of “affective” associations over “cognitive” associations with regard to both IoR and GM technologies. The quantitative research indicated that where consumers were given time to reflect, evaluations of GM improved, while those of IoR did not (p < 0.01). There was a gender divide, with females being more positively inclined towards GM and males towards IoR (p < 0.01). Both technologies were significantly disfavoured compared to non-treated products (p < 0.01). There was a significant discrimination when the two technologies were presented as concepts and as products. GM was more favourably received as a concept than as a product (p < 0.01), while IoR was disfavoured in either form. The two food neophobia scales that were tested showed a divergence in performance, with the more affectively based scale showing a higher level of correlation with behaviour. Conclusions: This research reveals that a largely affective (visceral) distrust of both IoR and GM exists within this young food consumer sample. As it is affective in nature, this position will be very resistant to education efforts, particularly if they are “cognitively” based. However, a significant softening of these affective attitudes towards GM products indicates that such efforts may be effective, given time and investment.
The Role of Bioactive Compounds in Immunonutrition
Authors: Rivero-Pino Fernando , Montserrat-de la Paz Sergio
Published: October 2024

The link between diet and immune function is a growing area of interest, recognized not only by the scientific community but also by global health organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) [...]
Cognitive Functions in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa during Nutritional Rehabilitation
Authors: Jowik-Krzemińska Katarzyna , Dylewska Dagmara , Pawlińska-Maćkowiak Aleksandra , Słopień Agnieszka , Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor Marta
Published: October 2024

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate cognitive function and laboratory parameters in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (AN) before and after nutritional rehabilitation (NR) compared to healthy female peers (CG). Methods: We evaluated 36 girls with AN at two-time points, during acute malnutrition (AN1) and after NR, in a partially normalized weight status (AN2). We compared their cognitive functions and laboratory parameters to 48 healthy CG subjects. Cognitive function was assessed using a Cognitive Assessment Battery (CAB) assessment, depressive symptom levels were assessed using a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) assessment, and eating disorders were assessed using an Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). Results: The AN1 group scored better in total cognition, attention, estimation, and spatial perception than the CG group (p < 0.05), with scores increasing in the AN2 group. Shifting and visual perception values did not differ between the study groups (p = 0.677, p = 0.506, respectively). Laboratory tests showed no significant abnormalities and did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation for EAT-26 and CAB in the AN1 group (rho = −0.43, p = 0.01), but not for BDI. Conclusions: Cognitive function in adolescent girls with AN was better than CG and correlated with EAT-26 score. These results highlight the high compensatory capacity of the adolescent body to maintain cognitive function despite severe malnutrition. Our results suggest that although normalization of body weight is crucial, other factors can significantly influence improvements in cognitive function. Cognitive deficits and laboratory tests may not be biomarkers of early forms of AN.
Fusogenic Liposomes for the Intracellular Delivery of Phosphocreatine
Authors: Nag Okhil K. , Oh Eunkeu , Delehanty James B.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objective: Maintaining intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels is essential for numerous cellular functions, including energy metabolism, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse transmission. ATP is primarily synthesized in mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation. It is also generated in the cytosol under anaerobic conditions using phosphocreatine (PCr) as a phosphate donor to adenosine diphosphate. However, the intracellular delivery of exogenous PCr is challenging as it does not readily cross the plasma membrane. This complicates the use of PCr as a therapeutic agent to maintain energy homeostasis or to treat conditions like cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome (CDS), which results from defective creatine transporters. Methods: This study employs the use of fusogenic liposomes to deliver PCr directly into the cytosol, bypassing membrane impermeability issues. We engineered various 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP)-based fusogenic liposomes, incorporating phospholipids such as 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) in combination with phospholipid-aromatic dye components to facilitate membrane fusion and to enhance the delivery of the PCr cargo. Liposomal formulations were co-loaded with membrane-impermeable chromophores and PCr and studied on live cells using confocal microscopy. Conclusions: We demonstrated the successful intracellular delivery of these agents and observed a 23% increase in intracellular ATP levels in cells treated with PCr-loaded liposomes. This increase was not observed with free PCr, confirming the effectiveness of the liposome-based delivery system. Additionally, cell viability assays showed minimal toxicity from the liposomes. Our results indicate that fusogenic liposomes are a promising method for the delivery of PCr (and potentially other cell-impermeable therapeutic agents) to the cellular cytosol. The approach demonstrated here could be advantageous for treating energy-related disorders and improving cellular energy homeostasis.
GL-V9 Promotes Autophagy-Mediated YAP1 Degradation and Activates Mitochondrial Apoptosis in PDAC Cells
Authors: Liu Hao , Lin Zhangxing , Guo Yongjian , Zhou Yuxin , Li Wei
Published: October 2024

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most aggressive forms of pancreatic cancer with a poor prognosis. YAP1 expression is markedly elevated in PDAC, but how it works is not clear. GL-V9, a derivative of the natural compound wogonin, effectively fights a variety of tumors; however, its effect on PDAC has not yet been studied. Methods: TCGA database analysis, Western blots, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR were used to evaluate GL-V9’s effect on YAP1 expression and mRNA levels. Immunofluorescence was used to examine the co-location of YAP1 with LAMP2 and p62. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to assess the binding of YAP1 to ubiquitin, p62, and TEAD1. A PDAC graft tumor model was used to test GL-V9’s pharmacological effects. Western blots and immunohistochemistry were used to measure apoptosis- and autophagy-related protein expression. Results: GL-V9 effectively promoted the degradation of YAP1, reduced YAP1 nuclear localization, and induced mitochondrial apoptosis in PDAC cells. YAP1 overexpression led to the upregulation of Bcl-2 and attenuated the caspase cascade induced by GL-V9. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GL-V9 induced autophagosome–lysosome fusion via the AKT/mTOR/TFEB pathway, leading to mitochondrial apoptosis in PDAC cells. In vivo studies also confirmed that GL-V9 exerts anti-tumor effects by suppressing YAP1 expression, while also activating autophagy and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis in BXPC-3-bearing BALB/c nude mice. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of autophagy-mediated YAP1 degradation in PDAC, providing a novel molecular rationale (GL-V9) as a promising treatment for this disease.
Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: The Influence of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunctions, and the Role of Polyphenols
Authors: Tauil Raissa Bulaty , Golono Paula Takano , de Lima Enzo Pereira , de Alvares Goulart Ricardo , Guiguer Elen Landgraf , Bechara Marcelo Dib , Nicolau Claudia C. T. , Yanaguizawa Junior José Luiz , Fiorini Adriana M. R. , Méndez-Sánchez Nahum , Abenavoli Ludovico , Direito Rosa , Valente Vitor Engrácia , Laurindo Lucas Fornari , Barbalho Sandra Maria
Published: October 2024

Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is a clinical–pathological scenario that occurs due to the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes which is considered a significant cause of liver conditions and contributes to an increased risk of death worldwide. Even though the possible causes of MAFLD can involve the interaction of genetics, hormones, and nutrition, lifestyle (diet and sedentary lifestyle) is the most influential factor in developing this condition. Polyphenols comprise many natural chemical compounds that can be helpful in managing metabolic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate the impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the role of polyphenols in managing MAFLD. Some polyphenols can reverse part of the liver damage related to inflammation, oxidative stress, or mitochondrial dysfunction, and among them are anthocyanin, baicalin, catechin, curcumin, chlorogenic acid, didymin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, luteolin, mangiferin, puerarin, punicalagin, resveratrol, and silymarin. These compounds have actions in reducing plasma liver enzymes, body mass index, waist circumference, adipose visceral indices, lipids, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, and the HOMA index. They also reduce nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), blood pressure, liver fat content, steatosis index, and fibrosis. On the other hand, they can improve HDL-c, adiponectin levels, and fibrogenesis markers. These results show that polyphenols are promising in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.
Capparis sepiaria-Loaded Sodium Alginate Single- and Double-Layer Membrane Composites for Wound Healing
Authors: Ndlovu Sindi P. , Motaung Keolebogile S. C. M. , Razwinani Mapula , Alven Sibusiso , Adeyemi Samson A. , Ubanako Philemon N. , Ngema Lindokuhle M. , Fonkui Thierry Y. , Ndinteh Derek T. , Kumar Pradeep , Choonara Yahya E. , Aderibigbe Blessing A.
Published: October 2024

Background: Effective wound dressing is the key solution to combating the increased death rate and prolonged hospital stay common to patients with wounds. Methods: Sodium alginate-based single- and double-layer membranes incorporated with Capparis sepiaria root extract were designed using the solvent-casting method from a combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Pluronic F127 (PF127), and gum acacia. Results: The successful preparation of the membranes and loading of the extract were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared membranes were biodegradable and non-toxic to human skin cells (HaCaT), with high biocompatibility of 92 to 112% cell viability and good hemocompatibility with absorbance ranging from 0.17 to 0.30. The membrane’s highest water vapor transmission rate was 1654.7333 ± 0.736 g/m2/day and the highest % porosity was 76%. The membranes supported cellular adhesion and migration, with the highest closure being 68% after 4 days compared with the commercial wound dressings. This membrane exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against the pathogens responsible for wound infections. Conclusions: The distinct features of the membranes make them promising wound dressings for treating infected wounds.
Priming Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Lipopolysaccharide Boosts the Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Activity of Secreted Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Areny-Balagueró Aina , Camprubí-Rimblas Marta , Campaña-Duel Elena , Solé-Porta Anna , Ceccato Adrián , Roig Anna , Laffey John G. , Closa Daniel , Artigas Antonio
Published: October 2024

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as an alternative to live-cell administration for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). MSC-EVs can be chiefly influenced by the environment to which the MSCs are exposed. Here, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) priming of MSCs was used as a strategy to boost the natural therapeutic potential of the EVs in acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: The regenerative and immunemodulatory effect of LPS-primed MSC-EVs (LPS-EVs) and non-primed MSC-EVs (C-EVs) were evaluated in vitro on alveolar epithelial cells and macrophage-like THP-1 cells. In vivo, ALI was induced in adult male rats by the intrapulmonary instillation of HCl and LPS. Rats (n = 8 to 22/group) were randomized to receive a single bolus (1 × 108 particles) of LPS-EVs, C-EVs, or saline. Lung injury severity was assessed at 72 h in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage. Results: In vitro, LPS-EVs improved wound regeneration and attenuated the inflammatory response triggered by the P. aeruginosa infection, enhancing the M2 macrophage phenotype. In in vivo studies, LPS-EVs, but not C-EVs, significantly decreased the neutrophilic infiltration and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissue. Alveolar macrophages from LPS-EVs-treated animals exhibited a reduced expression of CXCL-1, a key neutrophil chemoattractant. However, both C-EVs and LPS-EVs reduced alveolar epithelial and endothelial permeability, mitigating lung damage. Conclusions: EVs from LPS-primed MSCs resulted in a better resolution of ALI, achieving a greater balance in neutrophil infiltration and activation, while avoiding the complete disruption of the alveolar barrier. This opens new avenues, paving the way for the clinical implementation of cell-based therapies.
Applied Investigation of Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, and Butyl Mercaptan as Potential Poisons in the Gas Phase Polymerization Reaction of Propylene
Authors: Hernandez-Fernandez Joaquin , Herrera Zabala Juan Esteban , Marquez Edgar
Published: October 2024

The polypropylene (PP) synthesis process is crucial in the plastics industry, requiring precise control as it directly impacts the catalytic activity and the final product’s performance. This study investigates the effects of trace amounts of four different mercaptans on the polymerization of propylene using a fourth-generation Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalyst. Various concentrations of these mercaptans were tested, and results showed that their presence significantly reduced the melt flow index (MFI) of the final PP. The most notable MFI decrease occurred at 37.17 ppm of propyl mercaptan and 52.60 ppm of butyl mercaptan. Methyl and ethyl mercaptan also reduced the MFI at lower concentrations, indicating that mercaptans act as inhibitors by slowing down the polymerization process and reducing the fluidity of molten PP. The highest MFI increase was observed at lower concentrations of each mercaptan, suggesting that smaller molecular inhibitors require less concentration. This trend was also seen in the catalyst’s productivity, where lower concentrations of methyl mercaptan reduced PP production more effectively than higher concentrations of butyl mercaptan. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified interactions between the mercaptans and the ZN catalyst. Computational analysis further supported these findings, providing insights into the molecular interactions and suggesting possible inhibition mechanisms that could impact the final properties of polypropylene.
Characterization of PLA/LW-PLA Composite Materials Manufactured by Dual-Nozzle FDM 3D-Printing Processes
Authors: Park Ye-Eun , Lee Sunhee
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the properties of 3D-printed composite structures made from polylactic acid (PLA) and lightweight-polylactic acid (LW-PLA) filaments using dual-nozzle fused-deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Composite structures were modeled by creating three types of cubes: (i) ST4—built with a total of four alternating layers of the two filaments in the z-axis, (ii) ST8—eight alternating layers of the two filaments, and (iii) CH4—a checkered pattern with four alternating divisions along the x, y, and z axes. Each composite structure was analyzed for printing time and weight, morphology, and compressive properties under varying nozzle temperatures and infill densities. Results indicated that higher nozzle temperatures (230 °C and 240 °C) activate foaming, particularly in ST4 and ST8 at 100% infill density. These structures were 103.5% larger on one side than the modeled dimensions and up to 9.25% lighter. The 100% infill density of ST4-Com-PLA/LW-PLA-240 improved toughness by 246.5% due to better pore compression. The ST4 and ST8 cubes exhibited decreased stiffness with increasing temperatures, while CH4 maintained consistent compressive properties across different conditions. This study confirmed that the characteristics of LW-PLA become more pronounced as the material is printed continuously, with ST4 showing the strongest effect, followed by ST8 and CH4. It highlights the importance of adjusting nozzle temperature and infill density to control foaming, density, and mechanical properties. Overall optimal conditions are 230 °C and 50% infill density, which provide a balance of strength and toughness for applications.
Advances in Electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Robles Karla N. , Zahra Fatima tuz , Mu Richard , Giorgio Todd
Published: October 2024

Tissue engineering has great potential for the restoration of damaged tissue due to injury or disease. During tissue development, scaffolds provide structural support for cell growth. To grow healthy tissue, the principal components of such scaffolds must be biocompatible and nontoxic. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biopolymer that has been used as a key component of composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications due to its mechanical strength and biodegradability. However, PCL alone can have low cell adherence and wettability. Blends of biomaterials can be incorporated to achieve synergistic scaffold properties for tissue engineering. Electrospun PCL-based scaffolds consist of single or blended-composition nanofibers and nanofibers with multi-layered internal architectures (i.e., core-shell nanofibers or multi-layered nanofibers). Nanofiber diameter, composition, and mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and drug-loading capacity are among the tunable properties of electrospun PCL-based scaffolds. Scaffold properties including wettability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility have been further enhanced with scaffold layering, surface modification, and coating techniques. In this article, we review nanofibrous electrospun PCL-based scaffold fabrication and the applications of PCL-based scaffolds in tissue engineering as reported in the recent literature.
Microbial Polysaccharides as Functional Components of Packaging and Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Yermagambetova Aigerim , Tazhibayeva Sagdat , Takhistov Paul , Tyussyupova Bakyt , Tapia-Hernández José Agustín , Musabekov Kuanyshbek
Published: October 2024

This review examines microbial polysaccharides’ properties relevant to their use in packaging and pharmaceutical applications. Microbial polysaccharides are produced by enzymes found in the cell walls of microbes. Xanthan gum, curdlan gum, pullulan, and bacterial cellulose are high-molecular-weight substances consisting of sugar residues linked by glycoside bonds. These polysaccharides have linear or highly branched molecular structures. Packaging based on microbial polysaccharides is readily biodegradable and can be considered as a renewable energy source with the potential to reduce environmental impact. In addition, microbial polysaccharides have antioxidant and prebiotic properties. The physico-chemical properties of microbial polysaccharide-based films, including tensile strength and elongation at break, are also evaluated. These materials’ potential as multifunctional packaging solutions in the food industry is demonstrated. In addition, their possible use in medicine as a drug delivery system is also considered.