bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermomechanical analysis of an aircraft tire in cornering using coupled ale and lagrangian formulations
Authors: Kondé Ange , Rosu Iulian , Lebon Frédéric , Brardo Olivier , Devésa Bernard
Published: December 2012

The thermomechanical behavior of an aircraft tire is predicted, using experimental devices, a model based on finite element software and an appropriate method of expressing the heat generated by skid in terms of the local friction coefficient, depending on the temperature. In the thermomechanical model, a steady state mechanical analysis is combined with a transient thermal problem. This combined approach is based on three main computing steps: the deformation step, the dissipation step and the thermal step. The deformation step calculates the stress and the velocity fields, which are used as inputs in the dissipation step to calculate the heat generated due to friction. The internal dissipation is assumed to be negligible. Finally, the thermal step yields new thermal maps based on the heat flux computed in the dissipation step. The coupling is established by updating the friction coefficient in the first two steps.
L’assouplissement du schéma IRF en classe de langue comme principe d’un agir professoral: une initiative individuelle, un accomplissement collectif
Authors: Río Jose I. Aguilar
Published: December 2012

Résumé:

Cet article comporte, d’une part, l’analyse des interactions entre un enseignant de langue et un groupe d’apprenants et, d’autre part, l’étude collaborative entre l’enseignant et le chercheur de l’agir professoral du premier. Notre démarche puise dans l’analyse conversationnelle et dans les études sur la cognition enseignante. Nos observations confirment que les échanges entre l’enseignant et les apprenants se construisent autour du schéma dit IRF – initiation, réponse, feed-back – grâce auquel l’enseignant accomplit des fonctions pédagogiques telles que la correction ou l’encouragement. Nous constatons aussi des échanges éloignés d’une focalisation sur des aspects langagiers et du schéma IRF, au cours desquels certains participants ont revendiqué, face à leurs interlocuteurs, des traits personnels. Nous concluons que l’agenda de la rencontre en classe reste ouvert, d’autant plus que sa gestion relève parfois de l’enseignant, mais aussi du reste des participants. L’interaction didactique demeure un contexte d’échange complexe et dynamique, dont les interactants renégocient les règles et les contenus. Enfin, l’exploration de cette complexité se révèle bénéfique dans le cadre de la formation, initiale et continue, des enseignants de langue.
Interfacial reactions between SAC405 and SACNG lead-free solders with Au/Ni(P)/Cu substrate reflowed using the CO2 laser and hot-air methods
Authors: Yen Yee-Wen , Hsiao Hsien-Ming , Lo Shao-Cheng , Fu Shu-Mei
Published: December 2012

This study investigated the interfacial reactions between Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu (wt.%) (SAC405) and Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.05Ni-0.01Ge (wt.%) (SACNG) lead free solders with an Au/Ni(P)/Cu substrate reflowed using the CO2 laser and hot-air methods. A mixture of two intermetallic compounds, (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 and (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 phases, was formed at the interface when the solder/substrate couples were reflowed using the CO2 laser. When the specimen was aged at 150°C, the thickness of the (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 and (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 phases increased as the aging time increased. The (Cu, Ni)6Sn5, (Ni, Cu)3Sn4, Ni–Sn–P and Ni3P phases were formed at the interface when the specimens were reflowed using the hot-air method at 240°C and aged at 150°C for a long reaction period. Due to a rapid cooling-rate in the CO2 laser reflowing system, solidification phases with finer microstructure were found in the solder matrix.
Use of Both Centerline and Shoulder Rumble Strips on High-Speed Two-Lane Rural Roadways: Impact on Lateral Lane Position and Passing Maneuvers of Vehicles
Authors: Gates Timothy J. , Savolainen Peter T. , Datta Tapan K. , Todd Ryan G. , Russo Brendan , Morena Jill G.
Published: December 2012

A before-and-after field evaluation assessed the impacts that centerline and shoulder rumble strips on rural two-lane roadways have on various characteristics of driver behavior. The following characteristics were assessed as part of this evaluation: passing maneuvers, lateral lane placement, and centerline and edgeline encroachments. The data were collected with video cameras temporarily installed at 18 passing zones and 12 curves on rural two-lane roadways throughout Michigan. The cameras were installed at the same locations before and after the installation of rumble strips. A manual review of the videos was performed to assess the various behavioral characteristics. Nearly 78,000 vehicles were observed during review of the passing zone videos, and more than 50,000 vehicles were observed during review of the curve videos. Centerline rumble strips were found to improve driver central lane positioning tendencies and decrease the occurrence of centerline encroachments. The inclusion of shoulder rumble strips in addition to centerline rumble strips provided incremental improvements in central lane positioning and reduced edgeline encroachments. Most notable, centerline and shoulder rumble strips greatly reduced the occurrence of drivers laterally shifting to the inside while maneuvering through curves (i.e., corner cutting). In addition, centerline rumble strips did not reduce the rate of passing maneuvers. Collectively, these results suggest that both centerline and shoulder rumble strips have a positive impact on surrogate measures for roadway safety and do not negatively affect driver behavior.
Prevalence of abnormal glycemic and lipidemic status in an urban population of Bangladesh
Authors: Das M , Hassan Z , Faruque O , Parial R , Khalequzzaman M , Ali L
Published: December 2012

Context: Undiagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus constitute a major proportion of diabetic patients in the developing countries due to lack of proper screening and primary care facilities. Generation of evidence on undiagnosed cases is highly important for the estimation of the true burden of this disease. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to explore the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes and associated disorders in a middle aged Bangladeshi population living in the capital city of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Under a cross-sectional observational design a group of 254 middle aged (35-60 yrs) subjects (146? and 108) were included in the study who previously were unaware about the existence of diabetes or its complications. A 2-sample OGTT was done and blood glucose was estimated by glucose-oxidase method and Serum total cholesterol, HDL and TG by enzymatic colorimetric (Cholesterol Oxidase /Peroxidase, CHOD-PAP) method. Glycemic and other abnormalities were diagnosed and classified as per WHO criteria. Results: Out of the total 254 subjects 34 (15.1%) were found to have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 49 (19.29%) were prediabetics (24.5%-IFG, 75.5% -IGT and 20.4% had combined IFG-IGT). WHR (the indicator of central obesity) was present in higher proportions of diabetic (93.9%) and prediabetics (89.9%) compared to 76.0% control (?2=8.815; p=0.017). Male subjects had significantly higher central obesity compared to females both in the controls (t=3.929; p<0.0001) and in T2DM groups (t=2.608; p=0.015). Dyslipidemia (judged by triglyceride value) was present among 64.7% in T2DM, 40.8% in Prediabetes and 47.9% in the Controls). In Prediabetes group 80% males had dyslipidemia compared to 20% females (p=0.008). Conclusion: Almost twice the proportion of reported diabetic and prediabetic cases in Bangladesh is still undiagnosed and a substantial proportion of these cases have generalized as well as central obesity and dyslipidemia.J. bio-sci.  19:  1-6, 2011 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12674
Effect of adult feeding on progeny production and sex ratio of Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Haque MJ , Islam W
Published: December 2012

Context: Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) is a larval-pupal ectoparasitoid of the pulse beetles, Callosobruchus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). This parasitoid could be used in suppressing the pulse beetle populations in stored conditions. Objective: To observe the influence of different food supplements on the progeny production and sex ratio of D. basalis when exposed to the pulse beetles separately. Materials and Methods: Mated females of D. basalis were introduced into separate Petri dishes (9.5 cm diam) containing 50 mature mung seeds infested with C. chinensis and C. maculatus. The parasitoids were provided with host and honey, host and sugarcane, host and egg yolk, host and yeast and host and agar, and host without food individually. After 24 h, the parasitized larvae with seeds were changed and the female parasitoids were provided with foods daily until adults died. After emergence total number of hosts and parasitoids were counted. The sex ratio of D. basalis were also calculated and their chi-squared tests were made. Results: The mean number of progeny production of D. basalis on C. maculatus-infested blackgram was significantly greater than those reared on C. chinensis-infested mug in all food regimes (Table 1). The progeny production on two host beetles differed significantly in relation to different foods (F= 4.85, P<0.01. C. chinensis; F= 38.34, P<0.01, C. maculatus). The most effective food supplement was honey, which enhanced offspring production of D. basalis on both the hosts, and egg yolk was the least effective. The percentage of progeny was more or less female-biased in all the treatments except the control. Conclusion: Food supplementation of D. basalis will significantly increase the efficiency of the parasitoid against storage pests including the pulse beetles. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13004 J. bio-sci. 19 77-80, 2011
Molecular divergence of locally grown pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) cultivars through some isozyme tests
Authors: Haque ME , Islam MA , Sikdar B
Published: December 2012

Context: Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is highly polymorphic vegetable species and its polymorphism can be analyzed by isozyme molecular marker. Objective: To analyze genetic polymorphism among 10 locally grown pumpkin cultivars by isozyme. Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves of young plant of different cultivars were used for enzyme extraction. Enzyme extracts were prepared by homogenizing of 2 g sample of each cultivar. Prechilled mortar and pestle nestled in ice along with 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 2 ml of chilled extraction buffer were used prior to centrifuge. N-PAGE was conducted for different isozymes and stained the gels with specific chemicals for band development. Results: Five isozymes (peroxidase, esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and malate dehydrogenase) were tested for genetic polymorphism analysis of pumpkin cultivars. Among them esterase, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase showed polymorphism in different cultivars with 75-, 58.33- and 41.18% respectively. But acid phosphatase and malate dehydrogenase did not show any polymorphism. Esterase and peroxidase produced band quickly than others. Relative mobility of first band of esterase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and malate deghdrogenase was 0.063, 0.045, 0.262, 0.07 and 0.093 respectively Conclusion: Out of five isozymes, effective polymorphism was found in esterase and peroxidase test DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13006 J. bio-sci. 19 89-93, 2011
Biological Characterization of Cynara cardunculus L. Methanolic Extracts: Antioxidant, Anti-proliferative, Anti-migratory and Anti-angiogenic Activities
Authors: Velez Zélia , Campinho Marco , Guerra Ângela , García Laura , Ramos Patricia , Guerreiro Olinda , Felício Laura , Schmitt Fernando , Duarte Maria
Published: December 2012

Cynara cardunculus (Cc) is a multipurpose species; beyond its use in southwestern European cuisine, it is also used for the production of solid biofuel, seed oil, biodiesel, paper pulp and cheese, as well as animal feed. In addition, Cc has a long tradition of use in folk medicine as a diuretic and liver protector. The value of this species as a source of bioactive compounds is known; however, pharmacological use would further increase its cultivation. The main goal of the current work was to evaluate the potential of Cc as source of anti-carcinogenic phytochemicals. Different methanolic extracts obtained from wild and cultivated plants were tested for antioxidant activity and effect on breast tumor cell viability. The most effective extract, both as antioxidant and inhibition of tumor cell viability, was tested for effects on angiogenesis and tumor cell migration capacity. All the extracts tested had high antioxidant activity; however, only green leaves and dry head extracts exhibit anti-proliferative activity. Green cultivated leaves (GCL) were the most effective extract both as antioxidant and inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells; it is equally active inhibiting tumor cell migration and in vivo angiogenesis. GCL extract is an effective inhibitor of several key points in tumor development and thus a promising source of anti-carcinogenic phytochemicals.
Photocatalytic Water Treatment by Titanium Dioxide: Recent Updates
Authors: Lazar Manoj , Varghese Shaji , Nair Santhosh
Published: December 2012

Photocatalytic water treatment using nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (NTO) is a well-known advanced oxidation process (AOP) for environmental remediation. With the in situ generation of electron-hole pairs upon irradiation with light, NTO can mineralize a wide range of organic compounds into harmless end products such as carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic ions. Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of pollutants by NTO is a topic of debate and the mostly reporting Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics must accompanied with proper experimental evidences. Different NTO morphologies or surface treatments on NTO can increase the photocatalytic efficiency in degradation reactions. Wisely designed photocatalytic reactors can decrease energy consumption or can avoid post-separation stages in photocatalytic water treatment processes. Doping NTO with metals or non-metals can reduce the band gap of the doped catalyst, enabling light absorption in the visible region. Coupling NTO photocatalysis with other water-treatment technologies can be more beneficial, especially in large-scale treatments. This review describes recent developments in the field of photocatalytic water treatment using NTO.
Commercial Biomass Syngas Fermentation
Authors: Daniell James , Köpke Michael , Simpson Séan
Published: December 2012

The use of gas fermentation for the production of low carbon biofuels such as ethanol or butanol from lignocellulosic biomass is an area currently undergoing intensive research and development, with the first commercial units expected to commence operation in the near future. In this process, biomass is first converted into carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2)-rich synthesis gas (syngas) via gasification, and subsequently fermented to hydrocarbons by acetogenic bacteria. Several studies have been performed over the last few years to optimise both biomass gasification and syngas fermentation with significant progress being reported in both areas. While challenges associated with the scale-up and operation of this novel process remain, this strategy offers numerous advantages compared with established fermentation and purely thermochemical approaches to biofuel production in terms of feedstock flexibility and production cost. In recent times, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology techniques have been applied to gas fermenting organisms, paving the way for gases to be used as the feedstock for the commercial production of increasingly energy dense fuels and more valuable chemicals.
Fuel-N Evolution during the Pyrolysis of Industrial Biomass Wastes with High Nitrogen Content
Authors: Chen Hongfang , Wang Yin , Xu Guangwen , Yoshikawa Kunio
Published: December 2012

In this study, sewage sludge and mycelial waste from antibiotic production were pyrolyzed in a batch scale fixed-bed reactor as examples of two kinds of typical industrial biomass wastes with high nitrogen content. A series of experiments were conducted on the rapid pyrolysis and the slow pyrolysis of these wastes in the temperature range from 500–800 °C to investigate the Fuel-N transformation behavior among pyrolysis products. The results showed that Fuel-N conversion to Char-N intimately depended on the pyrolysis temperature and the yield of Char-N reduced with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature. Under the same pyrolysis conditions, Tar-N production mainly depended on complex properties of the different biomasses, including volatile matter, nitrogen content and biomass functional groups. HCN was the predominant NOx precursor in the rapid pyrolysis of biomass, whereas in the slow pyrolysis of mycelial waste, more NH3 was produced than HCN due to the additional NH3 formation through the hydrogenation reaction of Char-N, HCN and H radicals. At the same time, some part of the char was analyzed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to get more information on the nitrogen functionality changes and the tar was also characterized by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) to identify typical nitrogenous tar compounds. Finally, the whole nitrogen distribution in products was discussed.
Characterization of Nanocomposites by Thermal Analysis
Authors: Corcione Carola , Frigione Mariaenrica
Published: December 2012

In materials research, the development of polymer nanocomposites (PN) is rapidly emerging as a multidisciplinary research field with results that could broaden the applications of polymers to many different industries. PN are polymer matrices (thermoplastics, thermosets or elastomers) that have been reinforced with small quantities of nano-sized particles, preferably characterized by high aspect ratios, such as layered silicates and carbon nanotubes. Thermal analysis (TA) is a useful tool to investigate a wide variety of properties of polymers and it can be also applied to PN in order to gain further insight into their structure. This review illustrates the versatile applications of TA methods in the emerging field of polymer nanomaterial research, presenting some examples of applications of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) for the characterization of nanocomposite materials.
Structural Irreversibility and Enhanced Brittleness under Fatigue in Zr-Based Amorphous Solids
Authors: Tong Peng , Louca Despina , Wang Gongyao , Liaw Peter , Yokoyama Yoshihiko , Llobet Anna , Kawaji Hiroshi , Qiu Yiming , Shi Yunfeng
Published: December 2012

The effect of fatigue on ZrCuAl amorphous metals induced by mechanical cyclic loading is investigated using inelastic neutron scattering and the pair density function analysis of neutron diffraction data. With cooling, the local atomic structure undergoes reorganization under fatigue that is directly related to the number of fatigue cycles. Also under fatigue, suppression in the atomic dynamics is observed as well. A structural restructuring occurs within a 4 Å radius and intensifies with increasing the compression cycles, whereas the vibrational density of states is attenuated as the intensity shifts towards the elastic, zero-energy transfer peak. The combined static and dynamic structural effects are a signature of the microscopic changes brought about by fatigue, and together may be the onset for subsequent behaviors following extended cyclic loading such as fracture. Even after the load is removed, the structural changes described here remain and increase with repeated cyclic loading which is an indication that the lattice deforms even before shear bands are formed.
Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients among Adults in the US: NHANES 2003–2006
Authors: O'Neil Carol , Keast Debra , Fulgoni Victor , Nicklas Theresa
Published: December 2012

Identification of current food sources of energy and nutrients among US adults is needed to help with public health efforts to implement feasible and appropriate dietary recommendations. To determine the food sources of energy and 26 nutrients consumed by US adults the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 24-h recall (Day 1) dietary intake data from a nationally representative sample of adults 19+ years of age (y) (n = 9490) were analyzed. An updated USDA Dietary Source Nutrient Database was developed for NHANES 2003–2006 using current food composition databases. Food grouping included ingredients from disaggregated mixtures. Mean energy and nutrient intakes from food sources were sample-weighted. Percentages of total dietary intake contributed from food sources were ranked. The highest ranked sources of energy and nutrients among adults more than 19 years old were: energy — yeast bread/rolls (7.2%) and cake/cookies/quick bread/pastry/pie (7.2%); protein—poultry (14.4%) and beef (14.0%); total fat — other fats and oils (9.8%); saturated fatty acids — cheese (16.5%) and beef (9.1%); carbohydrate — soft drinks/soda (11.4%) and yeast breads/rolls (10.9%); dietary fiber — yeast breads/rolls (10.9%) and fruit (10.2%); calcium — milk (22.5%) and cheese (21.6%); vitamin D — milk (45.1%) and fish/shellfish (14.4%); and potassium — milk (9.6%) and coffee/tea/other non-alcoholic beverages (8.4%). Knowledge of primary food sources of energy and nutrients can help health professionals design effective strategies to reduce excess energy consumed by US adults and increase the nutrient adequacy of their diets.
The Impact of Regulations, Safety Considerations and Physical Limitations on Research Progress at Maximum Biocontainment
Authors: Shurtleff Amy , Garza Nicole , Lackemeyer Matthew , Carrion Ricardo , Griffiths Anthony , Patterson Jean , Edwin Samuel , Bavari Sina
Published: December 2012

We describe herein, limitations on research at biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) containment laboratories, with regard to biosecurity regulations, safety considerations, research space limitations, and physical constraints in executing experimental procedures. These limitations can severely impact the number of collaborations and size of research projects investigating microbial pathogens of biodefense concern. Acquisition, use, storage, and transfer of biological select agents and toxins (BSAT) are highly regulated due to their potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety. All federal, state, city, and local regulations must be followed to obtain and maintain registration for the institution to conduct research involving BSAT. These include initial screening and continuous monitoring of personnel, controlled access to containment laboratories, accurate and current BSAT inventory records. Safety considerations are paramount in BSL-4 containment laboratories while considering the types of research tools, workflow and time required for conducting both in vivo and in vitro experiments in limited space. Required use of a positive-pressure encapsulating suit imposes tremendous physical limitations on the researcher. Successful mitigation of these constraints requires additional time, effort, good communication, and creative solutions. Test and evaluation of novel vaccines and therapeutics conducted under good laboratory practice (GLP) conditions for FDA approval are prioritized and frequently share the same physical space with important ongoing basic research studies. The possibilities and limitations of biomedical research involving microbial pathogens of biodefense concern in BSL-4 containment laboratories are explored in this review.
Benefits of Riverine Water Discharge into the Lorian Swamp, Kenya
Authors: De Leeuw Jan , Said Mohammed Y. , Kifugo Shem , Musyimi Zipporah , Mutiga Jeniffer K. , Peden Don
Published: December 2012

Use and retention of river water in African highlands deprive communities in arid lowlands of their benefits. This paper reviews information on water use in the Ewaso Ng’iro catchment, Kenya, to evaluate the effects of upstream abstraction on the Lorian Swamp, a wetland used by pastoralists downstream. We first assess the abstractions and demands for water upstream and the river water supplies at the upper and the lower end of the Lorian Swamp. Further analysis of 12 years of monthly SPOT-VEGETATION satellite imagery reveals higher NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index) values in the swamp than nearby rainfed areas, with the difference in NDVI between the two positively related to river water discharged into the swamp. The paper next reviews the benefits derived from water entering the swamp and the vulnerability to abstractions for three categories of water: (i) the surface water used for drinking and sanitation; (ii) the surface water that supports forage production; and (iii) the water that recharges the Merti Aquifer. Our results suggest that benefits from surface water for domestic use and forage production are vulnerable to abstractions upstream whereas the benefits from the aquifer, with significant fossil water, are likely to be affected in the long run, but not the short term.
The Use of Next Generation Sequencing and Junction Sequence Analysis Bioinformatics to Achieve Molecular Characterization of Crops Improved Through Modern Biotechnology
Authors: Kovalic David , Garnaat Carl , Guo Liang , Yan Yongpan , Groat Jeanna , Silvanovich Andre , Ralston Lyle , Huang Mingya , Tian Qing , Christian Allen , Cheikh Nordine , Hjelle Jerry , Padgette Stephen , Bannon Gary
Published: December 2012

The assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops for regulatory approval currently requires a detailed molecular characterization of the DNA sequence and integrity of the transgene locus. In addition, molecular characterization is a critical component of event selection and advancement during product development. Typically, molecular characterization has relied on Southern blot analysis to establish locus and copy number along with targeted sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products spanning any inserted DNA to complete the characterization process. Here we describe the use of next generation (NexGen) sequencing and junction sequence analysis bioinformatics in a new method for achieving full molecular characterization of a GM event without the need for Southern blot analysis. In this study, we examine a typical GM soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] line and demonstrate that this new method provides molecular characterization equivalent to the current Southern blot‐based method. We also examine an event containing in vivo DNA rearrangement of multiple transfer DNA inserts to demonstrate that the new method is effective at identifying complex cases. Next generation sequencing and bioinformatics offers certain advantages over current approaches, most notably the simplicity, efficiency, and consistency of the method, and provides a viable alternative for efficiently and robustly achieving molecular characterization of GM crops.
THE CONCEPT OF “IMPOSSIBLE COMMUNITIES“ IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF EXPENDITURE AND ECSTASY / „NEĮMANOMŲ BENDRUOMENIŲ“ SAMPRATA ŠVAISTYMO IR EKSTAZĖS PERSPEKTYVOJE
Authors: Sautkin Alexander
Published: December 2012

The article is devoted to the analysis of “impossible community”. The author describes some variants of this socially-philosophical model, in particular, heterogeneous society of Georges Bataille, Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov's mysterial community and imaginary community of the zombies (as an image of pop culture). The article considers orientation of modern philosophy on “direct communication” which resists discourse, language, rationality, production. Life in an “impossible society” is impossible, however, some thinkers persistently design it as radical alternative to work, utility and calculation. It is a question of paradoxical communities, from which the objectivization mechanisms (first of all, language and production) are eliminated.

Santrauka

Straipsnis skirtas „neįmanomos bendruomenės“ analizei. Autorius aprašo tam tikrus šio socialiai filosofinio modelio variantus, ypač George'o Bataille'aus heterogenišką visuomenę, Vyacheslavo Ivanovichiaus Ivanovo misterinę bendruomenę ir įsivaizduojamą zombių bendruomenę (kaip popkultūros įvaizdį). Straipsnyje nagrinėjama moderniosios filosofijos orientacija į „tiesioginę komunikaciją“, besipriešinančią diskursui, kalbai, racionalumui, gamybai. Nors gyvenimas „neįmanomoje visuomenėje” yra neįmanomas, tačiau, kad ir kaip būtų, kai kurie mąstytojai atkakliai projektuoja jį kaip radikalią alternatyvą darbui, naudai ir kalkuliacijai. Tai paradoksalių bendruomenių, kuriose panaikinti objektyvizacijos mechanizmai (visų pirma kalba ir gamyba), klausimas.
H. ARENDT‘S INTERPRETATION OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL IN THE POLITICAL PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE HUMAN CONDITION / H. ARENDT NATŪROS IR ARTEFAKTO INTERPRETACIJA ŽMOGAUS BŪKLĖSPOLITINĖJE FENOMENOLOGIJOJE
Authors: Kovács Gábor
Published: December 2012

Modernity, in philosophical and sociological literature, has “traditionally” been presented as the age when artifacts supplant nature and destroy the originally given natural environment. The process of modernization, from this point of view, is the process of de-naturalization. This widely shared conviction has basically been questioned by Hannah Arendt. During the centuries of modern age, in the detriment of the commonly created and uphold human world, process of re-naturalization has been taking place, Arendt argues. This means, from other aspect, that modernity is the age of world-alienation. It is one of the results of modern science that human beings lose their confidence in the reliability of their senses. The Arendtian critique of modernity, which has deeply been influenced by Martin Heidegger's philosophy, takes a difference between the notions of Earth and world. In Arendt's theory technology enhances the processes of re-naturalization. The problem of the relation of natural and artificial, in The Human Condition (1958), has been inserted in two narratives; one of them is the narrative of cultural criticism and another is that of political philosophy. These narratives have been embedded in different contexts borrowing ambivalences and inconsistencies to Arendt's argumentation. Santrauka Filosofinėje ir sociologinėje literatūroje modernybė „tradiciškai“ buvo pristatoma kaip epocha, kai artefaktai išstumia gamtą ir griauna pirminę natūralią aplinką. Šiuo požiūriu modernizacijos procesas – tai denatūralizacijos procesas. Šį plačiai paplitusį įsitikinimą iš esmės ginčijo Hanna Arendt. Pasak jos, moderniosios epochos šimtmečiais bendrai kurto ir puoselėto žmogaus pasaulio nenaudai vyko renatūralizacijos procesas. Kita vertus, tai reiškia, kad modernybė – tai pasaulio atskirties epocha. Viena iš moderniojo mokslo pasekmių yra ta, kad žmonės praranda pasitikėjimą juslėmis. Arendt modernybės kritika, giliai paveikta Martino Heideggerio filosofijos, atskiria Žemės ir pasaulio sąvokas. Arendt teorijoje technologija sustiprina renatūralizacijos procesus. Natūros ir artefakto santykio problema Žmogaus būklėje (1958) buvo įterpta į du naratyvus; vienas jų – tai kultūrinės kritikos naratyvas, o kitas – politinės filosofijos naratyvas. Šie naratyvai įsitvirtino skirtinguose kontekstuose, Arendt argumentacijai suteikdami dviprasmiškumų ir neatitikimų.
Pouvoirs symboliques des États : souveraineté, territoire, empire
Authors: Alazard Florence , Mellet Paul-Alexis
Published: December 2012

L’étude de l’empire a connu récemment un
regain d’intérêt, même si (et peut-être parce que) sa définition pose
problème. Elle permet en effet d’étudier plusieurs aspects du pouvoir
symbolique : les formes d’administration, les modes d’appropriation
d’un territoire, les intensités de la souveraineté, les marquages
spatiaux de la domination, etc. L’empire de Charles Quint représente
de ce point de vue un modèle heuristique, dans la mesure où l’empereur
s’est rapidement trouvé confronté au gouvernement de territoires
éloignés, de statuts différents, mais rassemblés dans l’aspiration
universelle de l’empire chrétien.
L’éthique de l’historien spinoziste. Histoire et raison chez Spinoza
Authors: Hippler Thomas
Published: December 2012

The point of departure is the
paradoxical finding that Spinoza is sometimes presented as the
a-historical philosopher par excellence, while his Theological-Political Treatise is truly an
historian’s work. The paper develops the hypothesis that
historiography, as Spinoza himself practices, is a task of political
ethics, analogous to the one to be found in the first section of the
fifth part of the Ethics. Against
interpretations developed by Vittorio Morfino, drawing on Althusser,
historical knowledge is not a knowledge of the third kind but of the
second kind.
Review: Mammary development in swine: effects of hormonal status, nutrition and management
Authors: Farmer C.
Published: December 2012

Farmer, C. 2013. Review: Mammary development in swine: effects of hormonal status, nutrition and management. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 1–7. There are three phases of rapid mammary accretion in swine, namely, from 90 d of age until puberty, during the last third of gestation and throughout lactation. Nutrition, endocrine status and management of gilts or sows during those periods can affect mammary development. More specifically, in growing gilts, feed restriction as of 90 d of age hinders mammary development and either supplying the phytoestrogen genistein or increasing circulating concentrations of prolactin stimulates mammogenesis. In late gestation, inhibition of relaxin or prolactin drastically diminishes mammary development and overly increasing dietary energy has a detrimental effect on mammogenesis. It also appears that feeding of the gestating sow can affect the mammary development of her offspring once it reaches puberty. Various management factors such as litter size, nursing intensity and use or non-use of a teat in the previous lactation will affect the amount of mammary tissue present at the end of lactation. Mammary development is followed by the essential process of involution whereby a rapid and drastic regression in parenchymal tissue takes place. It can occur either after weaning or in early lactation when teats are not being regularly suckled. Despite our current knowledge, much remains to be learned in order to develop the best management strategies for replacement gilts, and gestating and lactating sows that will maximize their milk production.
Methane emissions from a swine manure tank in western Canada
Authors: Flesch Thomas K. , Vergé Xavier P. C. , Desjardins Raymond L. , Worth Devon
Published: December 2012

Flesch, T. K., Vergé, X. P. C., Desjardins, R. L. and Worth, D. 2013. Methane emissions from a swine manure tank in western Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 159–169. The emission rate of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere was measured from a concrete manure tank at a farrow-to-finish swine facility in western Canada. Measurements were made during four seasonal campaigns using a bLS inverse-dispersion technique. Emission rates were highest in summer and lowest in winter, with intermediate rates in spring and fall. Annual emissions were estimated at 7600 kg CH4, or 6.3 kg CH4m−2of tank surface area. Site-specific factors used for estimating CH4emissions were calculated from our measurements. A simple methane conversion factor, used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to relate emissions to the volatile solids content of the manure, was calculated as 0.23. This value may be unrepresentatively high due to the long duration (15 mo) that manure was stored in the tank. A more sophisticated calculation methodology considers the influence of manure storage duration and temperature, and includes a critical management design practices (MDP) factor. The MDP factor was calculated as 0.31 for our tank. This MDP value implies that emissions from our manure tank were lower than expected given the results from other studies.
Genetic Variability in Platelet Integrin α2β1 Density: Possible Contributor to Plasmodium vivax–induced Severe Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Campos Fernanda M. F. , Santos Marina L. S. , Kano Flora S. , Fontes Cor J. F. , Lacerda Marcus V. G. , Brito Cristiana F. A. , Carvalho Luzia H.
Published: December 2012

Understanding the pathogenesis of Plasmodium vivax malaria is challenging. We hypothesized that susceptibility to P. vivax-induced thrombocytopenia could be associated with polymorphisms on relevant platelet membrane integrins: integrin α2 (C807T), and integrin β3 (T1565C). Although β3 polymorphism was not related with P. vivax malaria, α2 807T carriers, which show high levels of integrin α2β1, had a higher probability for severe thrombocytopenia than wild-type carriers. This evidence of the association of integrin polymorphism and P. vivax morbidity was further demonstrated by a moderate but significant correlation between clinical disease and surface levels of the integrin α2β1.
Drivers and Barriers in Health IT Adoption
Authors: Litwin A.S. , Pronovost P.J. , Avgar A.C.
Published: December 2012

Despite near (and rare) consensus that the adoption and diffusion of health information technology (health IT) will bolster outcomes for organizations, individuals, and the healthcare system as a whole, there has been surprisingly little consideration of the structures and processes within organizations that might drive the adoption and effective use of the technology. Management research provides a useful lens through which to analyze both the determinants of investment and the benefits that can ultimately be derived from these investments. This paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding health IT adoption. In doing so, this paper highlights specific organizational barriers or enablers at different stages of the adoption process – investment, implementation, and use – and at different levels of organizational decision-making – strategic, operational, and front-line. This framework will aid both policymakers and organizational actors as they make sense of the transition from paper-based to electronic systems.

Citation: Avgar AC, Litwin AS, Pronovost PJ. Drivers and barriers in health IT adoption: A proposed framework. Appl Clin Inf 2012; 3: 488–500

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-07-R-0029
Occupational Performance Needs of Young Veterans
Authors: Plach Heidi Lynn , Sells Carol Haertlein
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE. We examined the occupational performance issues facing young U.S. veterans (aged 20–29 yr) who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Perceived challenges in occupational performance, the most common mental health and brain injuries of war, and motivations for participation in daily occupations upon return to civilian life were identified.

METHOD. Thirty young veterans from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom were interviewed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (Law et al., 2005). They were also screened for posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, major depression, and alcohol abuse or dependency.

RESULTS. The top five occupational performance challenges were engagement in relationships, school, physical health, sleeping, and driving. The health conditions screened positive for 23%–77% of respondents.

CONCLUSION. This study identified challenges faced by today’s young veterans when reintegrating into the community and daily life. Strategies for occupational therapy practitioners to aid veterans in community reintegration are discussed.
Using Daily Routines to Promote Medication Adherence in Older Adults
Authors: Sanders Martha J. , Van Oss Tracy
Published: December 2012

PURPOSE. To understand the medication routines used by older adults taking four or more medications daily.

METHOD. One hundred forty-nine community-dwelling older adults were interviewed about the individual routines, storage locations, equipment, and assistance that enabled their adherence to a medication regimen. A subsample of 84 older adults was observed completing one medication routine in their home environments.

FINDINGS. Medication habits were embedded in mealtime, wake-up, and sleep routines for 91% of the sample. Participants developed unique, individualized behaviors for taking medications that were choreographed within broader daily routines. The primary locations for storing medications were the kitchen and bathroom. Equipment used to promote adherence was primarily pillboxes or self-made adaptations. More than 50% of the entire sample required some type of assistance related to medication adherence.

IMPLICATIONS. Findings support the role of occupational therapists in collaborating with clients to develop individualized medication routines to promote medication adherence.
Drivers of hemispheric differences in return dates of mid-latitude stratospheric ozone to historical levels
Authors: Garny H. , Bodeker G. E. , Smale D. , Dameris M. , Grewe V.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Chemistry-climate models (CCMs) project an earlier return of northern mid-latitude total column ozone to 1980 values compared to the southern mid-latitudes. The chemical and dynamical drivers of this hemispheric difference are investigated in this study. The hemispheric asymmetry in return dates is a robust result across different CCMs and is qualitatively independent of the method used to estimate return dates. However, the differences in dates of return to 1980 levels between the southern and northern mid-latitudes can vary between 0 and 30 yr across the range of CCM projections analyzed. An attribution analysis performed with two CCMs shows that chemically-induced changes in ozone are the major driver of the earlier return of ozone to 1980 levels in northern mid-latitudes; transport changes are of minor importance. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the spread in the simulated hemispheric difference in return dates across an ensemble of twelve models is only weakly related to the spread in the simulated hemispheric asymmetry of trends in the strength of the Brewer–Dobson circulation. The causes for chemically-induced asymmetric ozone trends relevant for the total column ozone return date differences are found to be (i) stronger increases in ozone production due to enhanced NOx concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere lowermost stratosphere and troposphere, (ii) stronger decreases in the destruction rates of ozone by the NOx cycle in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere linked to effects of dynamics and temperature on NOx concentrations and (iii) an increasing efficiency of heterogeneous ozone destruction by Cly in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes as a result of decreasing temperatures.
Immersion freezing of birch pollen washing water
Authors: Augustin S. , Hartmann S. , Pummer B. , Grothe H. , Niedermeier D. , Clauss T. , Voigtländer J. , Tomsche L. , Wex H. , Stratmann F.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. In the present study, the immersion freezing behavior of birch pollen, i.e. its ice nucleating active (INA) macromolecules, was investigated at the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS). For that, washing water of two different birch pollen samples with different regional origin (Northern birch and Southern birch) were used. The immersion freezing of droplets generated from the pollen washing water was already observed at temperatures higher than −20 °C, for both samples. Main differences between the Northern birch pollen and the Southern birch pollen were obvious in a temperature range, between −18 °C and −24 °C, where the ice fraction increased with decreasing temperature. There, the Northern birch pollen washing water featured two different slopes, with one being steeper and one being similar to the slope of the Southern birch pollen washing water. As we assume single INA macromolecules being the reason for the ice nucleation, we concluded that the Northern birch pollen are able to produce at least two different types of INA macromolecules. We were able to determine the heterogeneous nucleation rates for both INA macromolecule types and so could explain the ice nucleation behavior of both, the Southern and the Northern birch pollen washing water.
Circulation changes in the winter lower atmosphere and long-lasting solar/geomagnetic activity
Authors: Bochníček J. , Davídkovová H. , Hejda P. , Huth R.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The paper describes the association between high long-lasting solar/geomagnetic activity and geopotential height (GPH) changes in the winter lower atmosphere, based on their development in the Northern Hemisphere in the winter periods (December–March) of 1950–1969 and 1970–2002. Solar/geomagnetic activity is characterised by the 60-day mean of the sunspot number R/by the 60-day mean of the daily sum of the Kp index. The GPH distributions in the lower atmosphere are described by 60-day anomalies from their long-term daily average at 20 hPa/850 hPa. The data have been adopted from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. The 60-day mean values of solar/geomagnetic activity and GPH anomalies were calculated in five-day steps over the whole winter period. The analysis was carried out using composite maps which represent their distribution of the GPH anomalies during high solar activity (R ≥ 100) and high geomagnetic activity (ΣKp ≥ 20). Analysis has shown that the distribution of GPH anomalies depends on solar activity, geomagnetic activity and the phase of winter period (early or late winter). The nature of this relationship then depends on the time interval involved, i.e. 1950–1969 or 1970–2002. Positive anomalies in the polar stratosphere (20 hPa) were detected during the whole winter periods of the years 1950–1969. Significant anomalies were detected in the lower troposphere (850 hPa) during the second half of the winter period. The distribution of GPH anomalies on the maps compiled with regard to solar activity was similar to the distribution on maps compiled with regard to geomagnetic activity. In the interval 1970–2002, significant negative GPH anomalies were detected in the stratosphere at high latitudes, and positive anomalies were detected in the region of low latitudes. The distribution of GPH anomalies in the lower troposphere was substantially affected by situations in which, together with high solar activity, also high geomagnetic activity occurred.
Imprint of a dissolved cobalt basaltic source on the Kerguelen Plateau
Authors: Bown J. , Boye M. , Laan P. , Bowie A. R. , Park Y.-H. , Jeandel C. , Nelson D. M.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Processes of cobalt (Co) entrainment from shelf sediments over the Kerguelen Plateau were studied during the KEOPS (Kerguelen Ocean Plateau compared Study) in order to explain the exceptionally high dissolved cobalt concentrations that have been measured in the surface waters above the Kerguelen Plateau, and in intermediate and deep waters above its eastern slope. Lateral advection and dissolution of Co contained in basalt sediments around Heard Island, a main source of lithogenic Co in the study area, were shown to imprint the process of surface enrichment over the plateau. Dissolved Co enrichment was strongest at the intercept of the eastern slope with intermediate and deep waters, probably due to more efficient mobilisation of the sediments in the slope current, in addition to advection of Co-enriched and low-oxygenated ocean water masses. In surface waters, the strong sedimentary Co inputs were estimated to be much higher than biological Co uptake in phytoplankton blooms, underlining the potential use of dissolved cobalt as tracer of the natural iron fertilization above the Kerguelen Plateau. Based on a simple steady-state balance equation of the external input of dissolved iron over the plateau, the fertilization of iron inferred by using dissolved Co as a tracer of basalt sources is estimated to be 28 × 102 ± 21 × 102 t yr−1 in surface waters of the Kerguelen Plateau. This estimate is consistent with preceding ones (Zhang et al., 2008; Chever et al., 2010), and the calculated iron supply matches with the phytoplankton demand (Sarthou et al., 2008).