bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bargaining power and segmented markets: Evidence from rental and owner‐occupied housing
Authors: Turnbull Geoffrey K. , van der Vlist Arno J.
Published: March 2022

In segmented markets for heterogeneous goods, prices reflect a mixture of demand for characteristics, bargaining power and market segmentation. This article integrates bargaining into the search model to investigate bargaining for housing across investors and owner‐occupiers when the investment housing segment is also subject to a rental property discount. It provides a framework for empirically identifying separate price effects of property type and bargaining power. We exploit homestead exemption information to empirically identify sellers and buyers as investors or owner‐occupiers. Data from Orange County, Florida, over 2000–2012 show a greater rental discount when controlling for investor bargaining power than when estimated in the conventional manner. In addition, investor relative bargaining power is not the same when selling to an owner‐occupier as when buying from an owner‐occupier. The results are robust across market phases and across neighborhoods.
Evaluation of electrostatic powder coating method to prolong the shelf life of cheese slices
Authors: Murid Misbah , Khan Muhammad Kashif Iqbal , Butt Masood Sadiq , Maan Abid Aslam , Sablani Shyam S.
Published: March 2022

Electrostatic coating is being developed as an attractive alternative to overcome the problems encountered during conventional coating which includes non‐uniform coating, dust generation, high energy and time consuming, equipment cleaning, and operating expenses. In this method, powder particles are charged by passing through an ion‐rich region, which repel each other to produce an evenly distributed coating. This results in a uniform distribution of powder on target surface. In this study, the electrostatic coating of black pepper powder was applied by varying the applied voltage (0–20 kV), at a conveyor belt speed of 10 m/s and compared with manually coated cheese slices. The values of transfer efficiency (52.7%–87.0%), dust reduction (76.2%–85.8%), and adhesion (20.8%–85.3%) were higher for electrostatic coatings. The weight losses were lower (0.19%) at 15 kV as compared to 20 kV (0.67%). The total plate count of cheese slice coated at 20 kV was significantly higher (p < 0.05), whereas at 15 kV it was lower than all other treatments. The shelf life of coated cheese slices at 15 kV lasted up to 1 month due to better coating compared to other treatments. From the results, it can be concluded that electrostatic coating of cheese slice with black pepper is best at 15 kV along with higher transfer efficiency and dust reduction.

Practical Application

Electrostatic powder coating of cheese resulted in higher transfer efficiency and reduction in dust production. later one has reduce the coating material requirement, thereby, reducing the processing cost. Moreover, dust reduction will reduce the burden of cleaning cost of environment and enhance worker health.
Multiple intertwined crises facing humanity necessitate a European Environmental Research Organization
Authors: Timmis Kenneth , Verstraete Willy
Published: March 2022

The planet is experiencing all manner of environmental crises, and crises that have their origins in the environment, including global warming, pollution of the air, soil, marine systems and freshwater, loss of habitats and species extinctions, transmission of deadly animal infections to humans, the spread of antimicrobial resistance, to name just a few. Planetary boundaries are being successively breached. Devising and implementing optimal solution and mitigation strategies urgently requires the best possible scientific brains to be harnessed and focused on environmental crises. It is imperative to establish authoritative leadership and the intellectual and organisational framework for this: a European Environmental Research Organisation, modelled on the European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO) and Laboratory (EMBL), whose mission is to carry out pioneering research on environmental crisis‐relevant topics, communicate its findings and recommendations to governments, their agencies, the general public, business and other stakeholders, and create outstanding research leaders to populate the best institutions worldwide – a global network of top scientists working together to understand the causes and nature of crises and to devise effective solutions.
Crustal Structure of the Chuan‐Dian Block Revealed by Deep Seismic Sounding and its Implications for the Outward Expansion of the East Tibetan Plateau
Authors: XIONG Xiaosong , WANG Guan , LI Qiusheng , LU Zhanwu , GAO Rui , FENG Shaoying , WU Guowei
Published: March 2022

The Chuan‐Dian Block (CDB) is located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, with a complex geological structure and active regional faults. The present tectonic condition with strong crustal deformation is closely related to the ongoing collision of the India and Eurasia plates since 65 Ma. The study of the crustal structure of this area is key to revealing the evolution and deep geodynamics of the lateral collision zone of the Tibetan Plateau. Deep seismic sounding is the most efficient method with which to unravel the velocity structure of the whole crust. Since the 1980s, 19 deep seismic sounding profiles have been captured within the CDB area. In this study, we systematically integrate the research results of the 19 profiles in this area, then image the 3D crustal velocity, by sampling with a 5 km spacing and 2D/3D Kriging interpolation. The results show the following. (1) The Moho depth in the study area deepens from 30 km in the south to 66 km in the north, whereas there is no apparent variation from west to east. The Pn wave velocity is higher in stable tectonic units, such as 7.95 km/s in the Lanping‐Simao block and 7.94 km/s in the western margin of the Yangtze block, than in active or mobile tectonic units, such as 7.81 km/s in the Baoshan block, 7.72 km/s in the Tengchong block and 7.82 km/s in the Zhongdian block. (2) The crustal nature of the Tengchong block, the northern Lanping‐Simao block and the Zhongdian block reflects a type of orogenic belt, having relatively strong tectonic activities, whereas the crustal nature of the central Lanping‐Simao block and the western margin of the Yangtze block represents a type of platform. The different features of the upper‐middle crust velocity, Moho depth and Pn wave velocity to both sides of the Red River fault zone and the Xianshuihe fault zone, reflect that they are clearly ultra‐crustal. (3) Based on the distribution of the low velocity zones in the crust, the crustal material of the Tibetan Plateau is flowing in a NW–SE direction to the north of 26°N and to the west of 101°E, then diverting to flowing eastwards to the east of 101°E.
Rapidly progressing metastatic malignant melanoma mimicking primary pleural tumor: A case report
Authors: So Clara , Yoshida Tatsuya , Mizuno Takaaki , Yatabe Yasushi , Ohe Yuichiro
Published: March 2022

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer that originates from melanocytes. Primary or metastatic pleural melanoma shares clinical and imaging characteristics with primary pleural tumors, such as pleural mesothelioma. Identification of the primary site can be challenging to distinguish between primary and secondary melanomas. We report a case of a 46‐year‐old woman with metastatic, rapidly progressing pleural melanoma mimicking primary pleural tumor. The metastatic pleural tumor from a primary cutaneous melanoma was diagnosed by reevaluating a previous surgical specimen. When evaluating patients with pleural melanoma, the primary site should be reevaluated to distinguish between primary and secondary melanomas.
Impact and potential mechanism of effects of chronic moderate alcohol consumption on cardiac function in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene heterozygous mice
Authors: Hu Qinfeng , Chen Hang , Shen Cheng , Zhang Beijian , Weng Xinyu , Sun Xiaolei , Liu Jin , Dong Zhen , Hu Kai , Ge Junbo , Sun Aijun
Published: March 2022

Background

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism. The ALDH2*2 mutations are found in approximately 45% of East Asians, with 40% being heterozygous (HE) ALDH2*1/*2 and 5% homozygous (HO) ALDH2*2/*2. Studies have shown that HO mice lack cardioprotective effects induced by moderate alcohol consumption. However, the impact of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiac function in HE mice is unknown.

Methods

In this study, HO, HE, and wild‐type (WT) mice were subjected to a 6‐week moderate alcohol drinking protocol, following which myocardial tissue and cardiomyocytes of the mice were extracted.

Results

We found that moderate alcohol exposure did not increase mortality, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, or inflammation in HE mice, which differs from the effects observed in HO mice. After exposure to the 6‐week alcohol drinking protocol, there was impaired cardiac function, cardiomyocyte contractility, and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial function in both HE and HO mice as compared to WT mice. Moreover, these animals showed overt oxidative stress production and increased levels of the activated forms of calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and ryanodine receptor type 2 (RYR2) phosphorylation protein.

Conclusion

We found that moderate alcohol exposure impaired cardiac function in HE mice, possibly by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS)/CaMKII/RYR2‐mediated Ca2+ handling abnormalities. Hence, we advocate that people with ALDH2*1/*2 genotypes rigorously avoid alcohol consumption to prevent potential cardiovascular harm induced by moderate alcohol consumption.
Interactions between impulsivity and MDPV self‐administration in rats
Authors: Abbott Megan S. , Seaman Robert W. , Doyle Michelle R. , Maguire David R. , Rice Kenner C. , Collins Gregory T.
Published: March 2022

Synthetic cathinones, such as 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), are recreational drugs of abuse often identified in ‘bath salts’ preparations. Humans report compulsive patterns of bath salts use, and previous work suggests that a subset of rats develop unusually high levels of MDPV self‐administration. This study aims to test the hypothesis that high levels of impulsivity (e.g., inability to withhold responding for a sucrose reward) will predispose rats to high levels of MDPV self‐administration relative to rats with lower levels of impulsivity. The 1‐choice serial reaction time task (1‐CSRTT) was used to assess impulsivity (i.e., premature responding) in 10 female and 10 male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were then allowed to self‐administer 0.032 mg/kg/inf MDPV or 0.32 mg/kg/inf cocaine, after which full dose–response curves for MDPV (0.001–0.1 mg/kg/inf) or cocaine (0.01–1 mg/kg/inf) were generated under a FR5 schedule of reinforcement. After a history of self‐administering MDPV or cocaine, impulsivity was reassessed under the 1‐CSRTT, prior to evaluating the acute effects of MDPV (0.032–0.32 mg/kg) or cocaine (0.1–1 mg/kg) on impulsivity. Level of impulsivity was not correlated with subsequent levels of either MDPV or cocaine self‐administration, and level of drug self‐administration was also not correlated with subsequent levels of impulsivity, although acute administration of MDPV and cocaine did increase premature responding. In failing to find direct relationships between either impulsivity and subsequent drug‐taking behaviour, or drug‐taking behaviour and subsequent assessments of impulsivity, these findings highlight the complexity inherent in the associations between impulsive behaviour and drug‐taking behaviour in both animal models and humans.
Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil incorporated into nanoparticles as an efficient insecticide against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Caetano Alex Rodrigues Silva , Cardoso Maria das Graças , Haddi Khalid , Campolina Gabriela Aguiar , de Souza Bianca Morais , da Silva Lunguinho Allan , de Souza Luciano , Nelson David Lee , de Oliveira Juliano Elvis
Published: March 2022

The effective control of an insect pest such as Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) has been challenging because its attack on red fruits can cause losses in production of up to 80% worldwide. The objective of this work was to extract and characterise the essential oil from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), produce and characterise nanoparticles incorporated with this essential oil, evaluate the in vivo insecticide activity of free and nanoencapsulated essential oil against D. suzukii, and evaluate the effect of that oil on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The nanoparticles produced with the essential oil from rosemary had a particle size and surface charge of 236.6 nm and −11.8 mV, respectively. According to the FTIR data, the essential oil was incorporated into the polymeric matrix of poly(ε‐caprolactone). Through in vivo toxicity analysis, the free and nanoencapsulated essential oils were found to possess insecticidal activity, with an LD50 close to 9.1 g/L. The maximum anticholinesterase activity for the essential oil was 75% at a concentration of 0.10 mg/mL. The incorporation of the essential oil from R. officinalis into biodegradable nanoparticles of poly(ε‐caprolactone) potentiated and prolonged its in vivo insecticidal activity against D. suzukii.
Reducing post‐caesarean infection in the Kimberley region of Western Australia: An audit‐based observational study
Authors: Sekhon Jasmin Kaur , Moss Charlotte , Watts Jared
Published: March 2022

Background

The higher burden of post‐caesarean infection in the remote Kimberley region of Australia is intimately associated with poorer social determinants of health. This results in a confluence of environmental factors such as overcrowding and limited access to clean water and host factors such as diabetes mellitus and obesity which result in heightened susceptibility and vulnerability to infection.

Aim

To ascertain infection rates following caesarean section in Broome Hospital, before and after the implementation of evidence‐based strategies intended to reduce bacterial load and mitigate the impact of poor underlying social determinants of health.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective observational longitudinal audit study including women who underwent caesarean section in Broome Hospital between the time of 1 January 2019 and 1 May 2019 or 1 January 2021 and 1 May 2021. Files and theatre records were audited to determine demographic, surgical and post‐partum infection in women who underwent caesarean section at Broome Hospital. The main outcome measure was infection within six weeks post‐caesarean section.

Results

This study found a statistically significant improvement in post‐operative infection rates in women who underwent caesarean section at Broome Hospital (41.7% vs 11.6%, P = 0.002). The two groups were statistically similar in background.

Conclusion

The combination of various infection prevention initiatives targeted at reducing infection burden can result in clinical and statistically significant reductions in post‐caesarean infections in high‐risk populations with poor underlying social determinants of health.
Letter: is blindly stopping thiopurines without confirming adequate anti‐TNF concentrations shortsighted?
Authors: Sousa Freitas Queiroz Natália , Papamichael Konstantinos , Cheifetz Adam S.
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Thomsen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16777
Platelet degranulation and bleeding phenotype in a large cohort of Von Willebrand disease patients
Authors: Swinkels Maurice , Atiq Ferdows , Bürgisser Petra E. , van Moort Iris , Meijer Karina , Eikenboom Jeroen , Fijnvandraat Karin , van Galen Karin P. M. , de Meris Joke , Schols Saskia E. M. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Cnossen Marjon H. , Voorberg Jan , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Bierings Ruben , Jansen A. J. Gerard ,   WiN study group
Published: March 2022

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a bleeding disorder caused by quantitative (type 1 or 3) or qualitative (type 2A/2B/2M/2N) defects of circulating von Willebrand factor (VWF). Circulating VWF levels not always fully explain bleeding phenotypes, suggesting a role for alternative factors, like platelets. Here, we investigated platelet factor 4 (PF4) in a large cohort of patients with VWD. PF4 levels were lower in type 2B and current bleeding phenotype was significantly associated with higher PF4 levels, particularly in type 1 VWD. Based on our findings we speculate that platelet degranulation and cargo release may play a role across VWD subtypes.
Gaining ethics approval for health professions education research
Authors: Guckian Jonathan , Thampy Harish
Published: March 2022

Within health professions education (HPE), there is a well-established and expanding literature offering empirical evidence to inform pedagogic practice. Research ethics refers to the set of professional standards and principles that should be followed to ensure that work is conducted in a responsible and legitimate manner. Conducting scholarly inquiry within educational practice can be categorized as either research or evaluation, but boundaries between the two approaches may be blurred. Ethical risks in HPE research include coercion, psychological stress and infringement upon data privacy. This review considers ethical considerations at each stage of the research process and makes practical recommendations for the HPE researcher.
A review of Mohs micrographic surgery for skin cancer. Part 3: Squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hunt William T. N. , Earp Eleanor , Brown Alistair C. , Veitch David , Wernham Aaron G. H.
Published: March 2022

This review presents and discusses the evidence for MMS to treat cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched; 39 papers were identified for recurrence and 2 papers for cost-effectiveness. We included all clinical trials and observational studies, including retrospective reports, and excluded editorials and systematic reviews or meta-analyses. We categorized the evidence under the following headings: tumour recurrence, specific site outcomes (ear, lip, scalp and periocular), cSCC with perineural invasion, and cost-effectiveness. Although there are many observational studies indicating the potential benefits of MMS in the management of certain cSCCs, no randomized controlled trials (RCT) were identified. The evidence from comparitor studies suggests that MMS has a lower recurrence rate than that of other treatments for cSCC, including standard excision. Many studies identified were single-armed, but did demonstrate a low to very low recurrence rate of cSCC following MMS. A single recent study suggests MMS for intermediate cSCC is highly cost-effective compared with wide local excision when all-in costs are considered. Since the overall quality of included studies was mixed and highly heterogeneous, further methodologically robust studies with comparator arms or comprehensive long-term registry data would be valuable. It would be ideal to employ a definitive multicentre RCT but given the evidence to date and multiple advantages to MMS, the lack of clinical equipoise makes this difficult to justify. Comparison with current modalities would likely not be ethical/achievable on a like-for-like basis given MMS provides 100% margin assessment, enables histological clearance prior to reconstruction, and minimizes the removal of uninvolved tissue.
High‐speed chases along the seafloor put Bryde's whales at risk of entanglement
Authors: Segre Paolo S. , di Clemente Jacopo , Kahane‐Rapport Shirel R. , Gough William T. , Meÿer Michael A. , Lombard Amanda T. , Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Penry Gwenith S.
Published: March 2022

Recent changes in the South African marine ecosystem and the introduction of an experimental octopus fishery have resulted in an unsustainably high rate of fatal Bryde's whale entanglements. Using suction‐cup attached bio‐loggers, we identified a previously undescribed feeding behavior used by Bryde's whales to catch prey, and this behavior may make them susceptible to entanglement and mortality in bottom‐mounted fishing gear. As they chase down their prey, inshore Bryde's whales sprint and maneuver along the seafloor for extended periods of time, making multiple direction changes, and reaching extraordinarily high swimming speeds. These findings assisted in the implementation of mandatory changes to octopus fishing gear that have drastically reduced the number of entanglements. The novel finding that Bryde's whales use high‐speed chases near the seafloor to catch their prey highlights the value of using species‐specific, behavioral information for making conservation recommendations.
Public infrastructure provision and ethnic favouritism: Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Walters Leoné , Bittencourt Manoel , Chisadza Carolyn
Published: March 2022

Does coethnicity with the President affect public infrastructure provision in South Africa? Using municipal‐level data for 52 district municipalities from 1996 to 2016, we find that municipalities coethnic with the President are associated with higher water infrastructure provision relative to non‐coethnic municipalities. Taking into account various political considerations, results show that ethnic favouritism occurs due to ethnic altruism. Our findings remain robust to different specifications of coethnicity thresholds and are applicable to electricity infrastructure provision. Results suggest that in order to minimise ethnic favouritism, politically independent institutions should oversee the allocation of funding and provision of infrastructure.
Concerning the psychological type of the redeemer: Nietzsche on the methods of philosophy
Authors: Merrick Allison
Published: March 2022

In section 24 of The Antichrist, Nietzsche notes a problem namely “the origin of Christianity.” He offers two propositions toward its solution: the first is that “Christianity can only be understood on the soil where it grew:” and the second is that “the psychological type of the Galilean is still recognizable, but it had to assume a completely degenerate form (simultaneously mutilated and full of alien features) before it came to be used as a redeemer of humanity” (A 24). Significantly this passage suggests that the origins of Christianity rest on a reinterpretation of the type of the redeemer. This paper seeks to clarify the nature of such a modification and to identify some of its key ramifications. After clarifying the type, the paper argues that the type, thus understood, serves as a link between the texts On the Genealogy of Morality and The Antichrist and, as such, reveals the connection between Nietzsche's genealogical methods and the wider project of reevaluation. Though this reading is not the standard interpretive strategy, the paper argues that it is the strategy that Nietzsche himself recommends.
Association of self‐rated health with type and frequency of social interaction during the declaration of COVID‐19 state of emergency among Japanese community‐dwelling oldest‐old adults
Authors: Akaida Shoma , Nakai Yuki , Shiratsuchi Daijo , Tomioka Kazutoshi , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Sato Nana , Wada Ayumi , Kiuchi Yuto , Shono Saki , Shiiba Ryuhei , Tateishi Mana , Makizako Hyuma
Published: March 2022

Aim

To investigate whether the type and frequency of social interaction during the state of emergency due to coronavirus disease were associated with self‐rated health (SRH) after the state of emergency.

Methods

Data from a cross‐sectional study were collected for 889 oldest‐old adults in Bibai City, Hokkaido, Japan. In total, 612 participants (mean age: 83.0 ± 4.3 years; women: 51.8%) were included in the analysis, taking biological sex into account. The self‐reported questionnaire included questions about demographic variables, SRH (July 2020, after the emergency), and the type and frequency of social interaction (March 2020, during the state of emergency).

Results

There was no significant association between social interaction and SRH in men (P > 0.05). Women who had social interactions (both face‐to‐face and non‐face‐to‐face) more than once a week during the state of emergency reported higher SRH after the emergency than those who did not (odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.07–4.41).

Conclusions

Having both types of interaction more than once a week during the state of emergency was related to higher SRH after the emergency among oldest‐old women. It is suggested that having opportunities for both types of interaction at least once a week would potentially be beneficial for high SRH in women, even in situations where the declaration of a state of emergency restricts face‐to‐face interaction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 405–411.
Restoration, abolition and the loving prison: Jimmy Boyle and Barlinnie Special Unit
Authors: Norrie Alan
Published: March 2022

This article revisits Glasgow's Barlinnie Special Unit (BSU) in light of the reissue of Jimmy Boyle's biography of his time in Scottish prisons, ‘A sense of freedom’. Viewing BSU as expressing restorative values, it analyses the different meanings of the sense of freedom which emerge from Boyle's account. It finds a developing dynamic of different meanings of freedom, from negative resistance through trust and solidaristic action to love and creativity. Together these represent a basis for a moral psychology adequate to understanding human change in a prison context. The article considers BSU as a restorative and reparative practice which challenged the prison system's overall punitive and persecutory form – its ‘structure in dominance’. It reflects on Thomas Mathiesen's (1974/2015) Politics of Abolition about the relationship between therapeutic practice and political development to argue that BSU represented an abolitionism relevant to prison today.
CD26 expression on circulating CD34+/CD38‐ progenitor population is a specific and reliable tool for the rapid flow cytometric diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia—A single‐center validation study
Authors: Rahman Khaliqur , Singh Manish Kumar , Chandra Dinesh , Gupta Ruchi , Sarkar Manoj K. , Gupta Priyanka , Gupta Anshul , Yadav Sanjeev , Kashyap Rajesh , Nityanand Soniya
Published: March 2022

Background

Recently, CD26 have been identified as one of the promising and specific marker for the identification of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Methods

This was a prospective, observational validation study. Peripheral blood (PB) samples from suspected cases of CML and other hematolymphoid neoplasm were evaluated for the expression of CD26 on stem cells (SC) (CD45 dim/CD34+/CD38‐) fraction by flow cytometry (FCM) using a single tube four‐color antibodies cocktail: CD45‐V500 /CD26‐PE/CD34‐PerCPcy5.5/CD38‐APC‐H7. The diagnosis of CML was confirmed using cytogenetics and/or molecular studies. Additionally, 12 paired PB and bone marrow (BM) samples of CML cases were compared for the proportion of CD26+ LSCs.

Results

Expression of CD26 on the SC fraction was invariably noted in all cases (116/116) of CML, irrespective of the disease phase and transcript type. None of other neoplasm (0/26), including the Ph + ALLs expressed CD26. Proportion of SCs expressing CD26 was variable with a median (range) proportion being 61.3% (7.6%–98.6%). Evaluation of paired PB and BM samples showed similar proportion of CD26 + LSCs (R2: 0.969).

Conclusion

We confirmed that FCM evaluation of CD26 expression in the PB LSCs is a rapid and specific tool for CML diagnosis. Its utility as a marker for residual disease evaluation can also be explored in the future.
Dual efficacy of Fasudil at improvement of survival and reinnervation of flap through RhoA/ROCK/PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Wang Hai , Fang Fang , Chen Shaofeng , Jing Xing , Zhuang Yuehong , Xie Yun
Published: March 2022

Fasudil is reported to be effective at protecting against ischaemic diseases, and at augmenting axon growth. In this study, we aim to evaluate its efficacy in promoting flap survival and reinnervation. Ninety‐two Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were used and divided into the control, Fasudil, LY294002, Fasudil+LY294002 groups, receiving a daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, Fasudil (10 mg/kg), LY294002 (5 mg/kg), and Fasudil (10 mg/kg) + LY294002 (5 mg/kg), respectively. On days 0 and 5, the blood perfusion and diameter of the iliolumbar artery in the pedicle of the flaps in the four groups were evaluated using laser speckling contrast imaging (LSCI). On day 5, the flaps were photographed and the necrosis rate of the flaps was calculated using Photoshop CS6. In addition, tissues were harvested from the flaps and divided into two parts. One part underwent routine cryosection and immunofluorescent staining using the antibody against CD31 for evaluation of the microvascular density in the four groups. In the other part, the expression of RhoA, ROCK1+2, p‐CPI‐17, p‐MYPT, p‐PTEN, p‐PI3K, p‐Akt, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) within the flaps were determined using western blotting. Moreover, at days 0, 7, 15, and 30 after flap surgery, the axons within the flaps were evaluated using immunofluorescent staining with the antibody against Neurofilament‐200. It turned out that the necrosis rate was (24.4 ± 7.7)%, (5.2 ± 1.6)%, (29.8 ± 4.2)%, and (30.9 ± 7.1)%, respectively, in the control, Fasudil, LY294002, LY294002+Fasudil groups. There was a significant reduction in the necrosis rate of the flaps in the Fasudil group (P < .001). The LSCI and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that Fasudil could significantly expand the diameter of the iliolumbar artery in the pedicle, boost the overall blood perfusion, and increase the microvascular density of the flaps in the Fasudil group (P < .05), which could all be abolished by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. On day 5, the expression of p‐CPI‐17, p‐MYPT, and p‐PTEN were downregulated, whereas pPI3K, p‐Akt, and VEGF were upregulated in the Fasudil group (P < .001). As for reinnervation, Neurofilament‐200 fluorescent staining revealed that at days 15 and 30 after flap harvest, only in the Fasudil group could new axons be observed. It can be concluded that Fasudil could simultaneously improve the survival and axon growth after flap harvest, a dual efficacy achieved by inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway, which in turn activates /PI3K/AKT pathway.
Comparison of adverse childhood experiences of working and nonworking adolescents
Authors: Ulusoy Fatma , Akcan Arzu
Published: March 2022

Background

Although adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in adolescents are partially presented at the national level, few studies of ACEs in working adolescents by comparing them with those who are not working that provide an opportunity for international comparison have been conducted.

Objective

This study was aimed to compare the ACEs of working and nonworking adolescents.

Methods

This study was conducted in Turkey with 213 working adolescents enrolled in the vocational training center and 457 nonworking adolescents enrolled in high schools between the ages of 15 and 18.

Results

As a result of the study, the prevalence and incidence of psychological and physical ACEs and neglect in nonworking adolescents were found to be higher than the prevalence and incidence in working adolescents.

Conclusions

Research should be conducted to define the awareness of neglect and abuse among working and nonworking adolescents and to explain the reasons why nonworking adolescents experience more ACEs.
Apatinib inhibits tumour progression and promotes antitumour efficacy of cytotoxic drugs in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chi Yanyan , Wang Feng , Zhang Yana , Shan Zhengzheng , Tao Weili , Lian Yujin , Xin Dao , Fan Qingxia , Sun Yan
Published: March 2022

Apatinib, a highly selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2), inhibits the angiogenesis of tumours. The function and mechanism of apatinib in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unknown. In present study, we found that the development of ESCC in patients was controlled by treatment of combination of apatinib and a chemotherapeutic drug. Moreover, apatinib efficiently promotes cell apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activity of the Akt/mTOR pathway in ESCC cells. Western blot analysis showed that apatinib significantly increased vimentin protein levels, decreased Bcl2, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), E‐cadherin, p‐Akt and p‐mTOR protein levels in ESCC cells. Furthermore, apatinib enhanced chemosensitivity of cytotoxic drugs paclitaxel (TAX), 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and cisplatin (DDP) by upregulating expression of vimentin protein, and downregulating expression of Bcl2, MMP9 and E‐cadherin protein in vitro. Compared with single‐agent groups, the combination of apatinib with each chemotherapeutic drug significantly repressed tumour growth and angiogenesis through blocking the expression of Ki67 and VEGFR‐2 in vivo. Taken together, apatinib efficiently inhibits cell growth through blocking Bcl2 and Akt/mTOR pathway, and suppresses metastasis via inhibiting MMP9 and EMT in ESCC cells. Apatinib promoted antitumour effect of chemotherapeutic agents through promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting EMT and angiogenesis in ESCC.
Transcriptomic analysis of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) treated with plant extracts from endophyte‐containing drunken horse grass
Authors: Ma Yaling , Li Chunjie , White James F.
Published: March 2022

The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum is a worldwide pest that causes serious losses in agricultural production. Drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians) is a widely distributed perennial poisonous grass of grasslands of Northern and Northwestern China. Changes in adult pea aphid transcripts after exposure to aqueous extracts of endophyte‐infected (E+) and endophyte‐free (E−) plants and distilled water controls (CK) were compared to identify candidate genes and pathways of the pea aphid. The resulting 31,858 unigenes annotations provide useful data for future molecular studies of pea aphid. A total of 147 mRNA transcripts were differentially expressed genes (DEGs): 30 genes were up‐regulated and 6 were down‐regulated in the E+ versus E− treated aphids; 45 up‐regulated and 40 down‐regulated genes were identified in E+ versus CK; 23 up‐regulated and 3 down‐regulated genes were identified in the E− versus CK. KEGG analysis mapped 16, 24 and 42 differentially expressed genes to 13, 20 and 22 substantially enriched pathways for E+ versus CK, E+ versus CK and E− versus CK, respectively. A number of fecundity factors were annotated from 266 unigenes, including fatty acid synthase, aminopeptidase N‐like, and cuticular protein genes that were highly expressed in aphids treated with extracts of both E+ and E− plants. Many of these genes were up‐regulated at least twofold in E− compared with the E+ treated aphids. The resultant transcriptomic database was authenticated by the transcript levels of five selected fecundity‐related genes quantified from different treatment material in a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Interestingly, the genes related to lysosome that the most abundant in the E+ and E− treated aphids. Our studies provided the first comprehensive insights into varying treatments and effects on toxicity related genes in aphids. This work will facilitate efforts to explore new biocontrol strategies against pea aphid.
Predicting and explaining crystallographic orientation relationships of exsolved precipitates in garnet using the edge‐to‐edge matching model
Authors: Keller Duncan S. , Ague Jay J.
Published: March 2022

Relative alignments of mineral exsolutions and their host crystals can be described by crystallographic orientation relationships (COR). Exsolved phases in garnet from high‐grade metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks may have COR, but the complexity of COR distributions has thus far restricted their use to identifying exsolved phases. Classification of COR also remains mineral‐specific, leaving doubt as to what information COR preserve. To test how COR may be standardized, we calculated mismatch of low‐index crystallographic planes (d‐value ratios) and crystallographic directions (rows of atoms) between precipitates and garnet and defined search criteria for structural alignments likely to be energetically favourable. We analysed published electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data for apatite, rutile, ilmenite, corundum, and quartz precipitates in garnet (ntot = 1,296) for the presence of these alignments. Our method predicts between 88% and 98% of observed alignments across the studied minerals and requires only calculations using unit cell parameters. We further show that each exsolved mineral forms COR predicted by the edge‐to‐edge matching model which was developed to describe unambiguous exsolution textures in alloys. Edge‐to‐edge matching aligns atoms at the host–precipitate interface by parallelism or near‐parallelism of crystallographic planes of similar spacing and parallelism of crystallographic directions (rows of atoms) of similar length on the edges of those planes. Edge‐to‐edge matches likely facilitate coherent to semi‐coherent interfaces by lowering surface free energy and strain energy, stabilizing precipitates. These matches are defined by criteria applicable to all minerals, making them an ideal tool for classifying, discovering and interpreting COR of diverse precipitates in garnet. This approach may also predict COR in other geological mineral pairs (e.g., exsolved feldspars). We find that edge‐to‐edge matching may explain the stability of the needle‐shaped morphologies commonly observed for exsolution textures in garnet. Edge‐to‐edge matching COR distributions can be tested as proxies of the state of the host rock at the time of exsolution to evaluate factors such as temperature, cooling rate, degree of undercooling, and/or strain. Patterns of edge‐to‐edge matching COR may be paired with geothermobarometry and/or petrochronology to provide a powerful new tool for studying the histories of granulite and eclogite facies metamorphic and igneous rocks.
Connexin45 colocalization patterns in the plexiform layers of the developing mouse retina
Authors: Hilgen Gerrit
Published: March 2022

Chemical and electrical synapses (gap junctions) are widely prevalent in the nervous system. Gap junctions emerge long before chemical synapses, allowing communication between developing cells, and are thought to be involved in establishing neural circuits. Mounting evidence indicates that these two modalities of synaptic transmission closely interact during retinal development and that such interactions play a critical role in synaptogenesis and circuit formation during the perinatal period. In vertebrates, gap junctions consist of two connexins which in turn are made up of six connexins (Cx). To what extent Cx45 and Cx36, the most abundant connexins in the retina, are involved in synaptogenesis and retinal circuit formation is not known. The here presented immunohistochemical study used stainings of Cx45, Cx36 and Synaptophysin in the outer and inner (IPL) plexiform layers of postnatal day 8–16 mice retinas to shed light on the role of connexins during critical neuronal developmental processes. Cx45 and Cx36 expressions in both plexiform layers of the mouse retina increased till eye opening and dropped afterwards. The percentage of heterotypic Cx45/Cx36 gap junctions is also higher before the critical event of eye opening. Finally, Cx45 is closely located and/or colocalized with Synaptophysin also shortly before eye opening in the IPL of the mouse retina. All findings point towards a pivotal role for Cx45 during postnatal synaptogenesis in the mouse retina. However, a more functional study is needed to determine the role of Cx45 during synaptogenesis and circuit formation.
S100A8 (rs3806232) gene polymorphism and S100A8 serum level in psoriasis vulgaris patients: A preliminary study
Authors: Farag Azza , Shoaib Mohamed , Labeeb Azza , Sleem Asmaa , Hussien Hend , Elshaib Mustafa , Hanout Hayam
Published: March 2022

Background

S100A8 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and S100A8 blood level are related to many inflammatory disorders with no available conclusion in psoriasis.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of S100A8 in psoriasis pathogenesis through analyzing its S100A8 (rs3806232) gene polymorphism and S100A8 serum level in psoriasis vulgaris patients, in addition to correlate the detected results with severity psoriasis in those patients.

Methods

This case–control study was conducted on 50 patients having psoriasis vulgaris, and 26 controls. Severity of psoriasis was evaluated using psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. S100A8 serum level and S100A8 (rs3806232) SNP were evaluated by ELISA and polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) respectively.

Results

Serum S100A8 level was significantly higher in psoriatic patients than controls and was positively correlated with PASI score (r = 0.826, p < 0.001). S100A8 (rs3806232) AA genotype and A allele were significantly increased among psoriasis patients than controls (p < 0.001) increasing risk of psoriasis development by about 5, 12, and 6 times than AG, GG, and G alleles. AA genotype was significantly associated with psoriasis severity (p = 0.005) and high S100A8 serum levels (p = 0.018).

Conclusions

Circulating S100A8 could associated with disease severity and have an active role in psoriasis pathogenesis. S100A8 (rs3806232) SNP (AA genotype and A allele) might contribute to development and severity of psoriasis in the Egyptian population.
Angiography suite cone‐beam CT perfusion for selection of thrombectomy patients: A pilot study
Authors: Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago , Quispe‐Orozco Darko , Schafer Sebastian , Farooqui Mudassir , Zevallos Cynthia B , Dandapat Sudeepta , Mendez‐Ruiz Alan , Aagaard‐Kienitz Beverly , Petersen Nils , Derdeyn Colin P.
Published: March 2022

Background and Purpose

The availability of cone‐beam CT perfusion (CBCTP) in angiography suites may improve large‐vessel occlusion (LVO) triage and reduce reperfusion times for patients presenting during extended time window. We aim to evaluate the perfusion maps correlation and agreement between multidetector CT perfusion (MDCTP) and CBCTP when obtained sequentially in patients undergoing endovascular therapy.

Methods

This is a prospective, pilot, single‐arm interventional cohort study of consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO. All patients underwent MDCTP and CBCTP prior to endovascular therapy, generating cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), and time‐to‐maximum/time to peak contrast concentration maps. We compared the two imaging modalities using three different methods: (1) six regions of interest (ROIs) placed in the anterior circulation territory; (2) ROIs placed in all 10 Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score regions; and (3) ROI drawn around the entire ischemic area. ROI ratios (unaffected/affected area) were compared for all sequences in each method. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient to calculate the correlation between the studies. Bland‐Altman plots were also created to measure the degree of agreement. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was done comparing both modalities in patients with low infarct growth rate.

Results

Fourteen patients were included (median age 81 years [74‐87], 50% males, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 19 [14‐22]). Median time between studies was 42 minutes (interquartile range 29‐61). Independently of the method used, we found moderate to excellent correlation in CBF, CBV, and MTT between modalities. CBF correlation further improved in patients with low infarct growth.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate promising accuracy of CBCTP in evaluating ischemic tissue in patients presenting with LVO ischemic stroke.
A validated predictive model for risk of nodal metastasis in node negative oral squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa and tongue
Authors: Kallarakkal Thomas George , Siriwardena Bogahawatte S. M. S. , Samaranayaka Ariyapala , De Silva Rohana , Tilakaratne Wanninayake M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is influenced by clinical and histopathological variables. The aim of this study was to develop a simple model to predict nodal metastasis of OSCC in clinically negative necks (cN0).

Methods

Data from patients who underwent surgery for treatment of OSCC of the tongue or buccal mucosa with neck dissection were used for model development and validation.

Results

Nodal metastasis was significantly associated with gender, age, tumor size, site, pattern of invasion and depth of invasion on univariate analysis. All the five variables except age were retained at the variable selection step of the model development and were used in the final model because it was not significant at 0.10 significance level after adjusting for other variables. Regression coefficients of the model were used to estimate risks of nodal metastases for each combination of clinicopathological characteristics. A 10‐fold cross‐validation was used to assess the model. The average of the resultant 10 AUCs (along with its 95% confidence interval estimated using bootstrap) was used as the overall validated measure of the model. A risk chart was produced using probability of nodal metastasis predicted by the model for each combination of five characteristics. The model's ability to identify patients with nodal metastases as assessed by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.752.

Conclusion

The model based on established clinicopathological variables has been internally validated on a large cohort of patients and offers practicability for use in OSCCs of the tongue and buccal mucosa.
Effects of sodium humate and glutamine on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, blood parameters, and faecal microflora of pre‐weaned calves
Authors: Wang Dong , Jia Haotian , Du Yuanyi , Liu Yun
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of administration of sodium humate (HNa) and glutamine (Gln) on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, serum parameters, and faecal microflora of pre‐weaned Holstein calves. In a 57‐day experiment, 28 healthy newborn female calves were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: (1) CON (control); (2) HNa (basal diet + 5% HNa); (3) Gln (basal diet + 1% Gln); and (4) HNa + Gln (basal diet + 5% HNa + 1% Gln). The calves in the CON group were fed with basal diet. HNa and Gln were alone or together mixed with milk (Days 1–20) or milk replacer (Days 21–57) and orally administered to each calf. The results indicated that calves combined supplemented with HNa and Gln had a higher average daily gain at 0–21 days, 21–57 days, and 0–57 days, and starter intake at 21–57 days and 0–57 days (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, calves in HNa, Gln, and HNa + Gln groups showed lower faecal scores and diarrhoea incidence at 0–21 days and 0–57 days (p < 0.05). Combined administration of HNa and Gln increased the concentration of IgG and IgA, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) but decreased the concentration of diamine oxidase (DAO), D‐lactic acid (D‐lac), TNF‐α, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of calves compared with the CON group throughout the entire period (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were increased but the Escherichia coli was decreased in faecal grab samples of HNa + Gln group calves in comparison with the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combined administration of HNa and Gln effectively improved the growth performance, antioxidant and immune status, and intestinal beneficial bacteria, and further reduced the diarrhoea incidence of the pre‐weaned calves.