bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Antimalarial Bromophycolides J—Q from the Fijian Red Alga Callophycus serratus.
Authors: Lane Amy L. , Stout E. Paige , Lin An‐Shen , Prudhomme Jacques , Le Roch Karine , Fairchild Craig R. , Franzblau Scott G. , Hay Mark E. , Aalbersberg William , Kubanek Julia
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygenated Cembranoids of the Decaryiol Type from the Indonesian Soft Coral Lobophytum sp.
Authors: Fattorusso Ernesto , Romano Adriana , Taglialatela‐Scafati Orazio , Irace Carlo , Maffettone Carmen , Bavestrello Giorgio , Cerrano Carlo
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Medicinal Flowers. Part 25. Structures of Floratheasaponin J and Chakanoside II from Japanese Tea Flower, Flower Buds of Camellia sinensis.
Authors: Sugimoto Sachiko , Yoshikawa Masayuki , Nakamura Seikou , Matsuda Hisashi
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Velleratretraol, an Unusual Highly Functionalized Lactarane Sesquiterpene from Lactarius vellereus.
Authors: Luo Du‐Qiang , Zhao Li‐Yan , Shi Yao‐Long , Tang Hong‐Liang , Li Yu‐Ye , Yang Liu‐Meng , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Zhu Hua‐Jie , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CrO3/NHPI Adsorbed on Activated Clay: A New Supported Reagent for Allylic Selective Oxidation of Δ5‐Sterols.
Authors: Liu Jin , Zhu Hong‐You , Cheng Xiao‐Hong
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triazole‐Linked Glycoconjugates by Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Regiospecific Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Azides.
Authors: Zhang Xiaoru , Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Shusheng
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Alkaloids from Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinjubyeo Bran.
Authors: Kim Eun Sil , Hyun Jin Won , Shin Jin Chul , Chung Ha Sook
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Alkenylation of Indoles with α‐Oxo Ketene Dithioacetals: Efficient Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids Meridianin Derivatives.
Authors: Yu Haifeng , Yu Zhengkun
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise and Versatile Synthesis of Viridicatin Alkaloids from Cyanoacetanilides.
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Harayama Takashi
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Lycorine and (‐)‐2‐epi‐Lycorine by Asymmetric Conjugate Addition Cascade.
Authors: Yamada Ken‐ichi , Yamashita Mitsuaki , Sumiyoshi Takaaki , Nishimura Katsumi , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3′‐O‐(2‐Cyanoethyl)‐2′‐deoxythymidine‐5′‐phosphate as a Model Compound for Evaluation of Cyanoethyl Cleavage.
Authors: Keller Angelika C. , Serva Saulius , Knapp Diana C. , Kwiatkowski Marek , Engels Joachim W.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 24‐Membered Macrolides, JBIR‐19 (I) and ‐20 (II) Isolated from Metarhizium sp. fE61
Authors: Kozone Ikuko , Ueda Jun‐ya , Watanabe Machika , Nogami Satoru , Nagai Aya , Inaba Shigeki , Ohya Yoshikazu , Takagi Motoki , Shin‐ya Kazuo
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammocidins B, C and D, New Cytotoxic 20‐Membered Macrolides from Saccharothrix sp. AJ9571.
Authors: Murakami Ryo , Shinozaki Junko , Kajiura Takayuki , Kozone Ikuko , Takagi Motoki , Shin‐Ya Kazuo , Seto Haruo , Hayakawa Yoichi
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Pironetin: Iterative Aldol Reactions of Thiazolidinethiones.
Authors: Crimmins Michael T. , Dechert Anne‐Marie R.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron, Ruthenium and Osmium
Authors: Cotton S. A.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten
Authors: Holder Alvin A.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Synthesis of Inorganic Materials and Their Performance as Catalysts
Authors: Iwamoto Shinji , Inoue Masashi
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Archibald Stephen J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: What Is . . . Aromaticity: A Critique of the Concept of Aromaticity — Can it Really Be Defined?
Authors: Stanger Amnon
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrafluoroacridines: Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Materials Science
Authors: Miozzo Luciano , Del Buttero Paola , Papagni Antonio
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies for the Synthesis of Marine Natural Products
Authors: Williams David R. , Walsh Martin J. , Claeboe Christopher D. , Zorn Nicolas
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylation of Allenes
Authors: Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylation of Diazoalkanes
Authors: Ungvari Neszta , Ungvary Ferenc
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Radical Reactions and Organocatalysis
Authors: Rowlands Gareth J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Organocatalysts for Enantioselective Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Breitenlechner S. , Selig P. , Bach T.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Concepts for Organocatalysis
Authors: Pan S. C. , List B.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Enantioselective Addition of Alkyne Nucleophiles to Carbonyl Groups.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Weiss Andrew H.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Turinese Stereochemistry: Eligio Perucca′s Enantioselectivity and Primo Levi′s Asymmetry
Authors: Kahr Bart , Bing Yonghong , Kaminsky Werner , Viterbo Davide
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorous Lewis Acids and Phase Transfer Catalysts
Authors: Cai Chun , Yi Wen‐Bin , Zhang Wei , Shen Ming‐Gui , Hong Mei , Zeng Li‐Yan
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Framework Materials as Catalysts
Authors: Lee JeongYong , Farha Omar K. , Roberts John , Scheidt Karl A. , Nguyen SonBinh T. , Hupp Joseph T.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Insights into Material Properties of Schiff Bases and Related Azo Compounds
Authors: Sheikhshoaie Iran , Fabian Walter M. F.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Moebius Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in Expanded Porphyrins
Authors: Yoon Zin Seok , Osuka Atsuhiro , Kim Dongho
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heavy Metal Induced Immunotoxicity and Its Mechanism
Authors: Ohsawa Motoyasu
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Target‐Based Drug Discovery: The Emerging Success of Frontal Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Calleri Enrica , Temporini Caterina , Caccialanza Gabriele , Massolini Gabriella
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Crystallography and Chirality: Understanding the Limitations
Authors: Thompson Amber L. , Watkin David John
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Miniemulsion Polymerization and the Structure of Polymer and Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Landfester Katharina
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A flexible content repository to enable a peer‐to‐peer‐based wiki
Authors: Bartlang Udo , Müller Jörg P.
Published: July 2009

Wikis—being major applications of the Web 2.0—are used for a large number of purposes, such as encyclopedias, project documentation, and coordination, both in open communities and in enterprises. At the application level, users are targeted as both consumers and producers of dynamic content. Yet, this kind of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) principle is not used at the technical level being still dominated by traditional client–server architectures. What lacks is a generic platform that combines the scalability of the P2P approach with, for example, a wiki's requirements for consistent content management in a highly concurrent environment. This paper presents a flexible content repository system that is intended to close the gap by using a hybrid P2P overlay to support scalable, fault‐tolerant, consistent, and efficient data operations for the dynamic content of wikis. On the one hand, this paper introduces the generic, overall architecture of the content repository. On the other hand, it describes the major building blocks to enable P2P data management at the system's persistent storage layer, and how these may be used to implement a P2P‐based wiki application: (i) a P2P back‐end administrates a wiki's actual content resources. (ii) On top, P2P service groups act as indexing groups to implement a wiki's search index. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining the Local Shear Viscosity of a Lipid Bilayer System by Reverse Non‐Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Müller Thomas J. , Müller‐Plathe Florian
Published: July 2009

The parallel shear viscosity of a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer system is studied by reverse non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations (RNEMD) with two different united‐atom force fields. The results are related to diffusion coefficients and structural distributions obtained by equilibrium molecular simulations. We investigate technical issues of the algorithm in the bilayer setup, namely, the dependence of the velocity profiles on the imposed flux and the influence of the thermostat on the calculated shear viscosity. We introduce the concept of local shear viscosity and investigate its dependence on the slip velocity of the monolayers and the particle density at the headgroup–water interface and the tail–tail interface. With this we demonstrate that the lipid bilayer is more viscous than the surrounding water phase, and that slip takes place near the headgroup region and in the centre of the bilayer where the alkyl tails meet. We also quantify the apparent increase in viscosity of the water molecules entangled at the water–headgroup interface.
Probe Measurements in Electronegative Plasmas: Modeling the Perturbative Effects of the Probe‐Holder
Authors: Kudryavtsev A. A. , Demidov V. I. , DeJoseph C. A. , Adams S. F. , Serditov K. Yu.
Published: July 2009

A basic property of an electronegative plasma is its separation into two distinct regions: an ion‐ion region far from boundaries, where the densities of positive and negative ions are higher then electron density, and a near‐boundary electron‐ion region, where negative ions have practically negligible density. This is due to the influence of the ambipolar electric field, which depends on electron (not negative ion) plasma parameters. This electric field “holds off” negative ions from the boundary, as the ions have lower mobility and temperature compared to the electrons. Therefore, negative ions will be repelled by any object inserted into the plasma. This can lead to errors in measurements of negative ion and electron parameters by any invasive method. Numerical modeling of electric probes in an argon‐oxygen plasma clearly demonstrates possible errors of direct measurements of negative ion probe current. This can also affect results from the photo‐detachment method and direct measurements of negative ion energy distribution (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Radial Density Profile on Resonance Absorption in Laser‐Cluster Interaction
Authors: Holkundkar Amol R. , Gupta N. K.
Published: July 2009

The spatial non‐uniformities in the hydrodynamic parameters of an expanding plasma in laser‐cluster interaction plays an important role in determining the region of resonance absorption. It is shown that, in the case of uniform density, the surface resonance at three times the critical density is responsible for laser absorption. However, it is volume resonance at critical density responsible for the laser absorption, if the non‐uniform nature of plasma density inside the hydrodynamically expanding cluster is taken into account (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fetal motor activity and maternal cortisol
Authors: DiPietro Janet A. , Kivlighan Katie T. , Costigan Kathleen A. , Laudenslager Mark L.
Published: July 2009

The contemporaneous association between maternal salivary cortisol and fetal motor activity was examined at 32 and 36 weeks gestation. Higher maternal cortisol was positively associated with the amplitude of fetal motor activity at 32 weeks, r(48) = .39, p < .01, and 36 weeks, r(77) = .27, p < .05, and the amount of time fetuses spent moving at 32 weeks during the 50 min observation period, r(48) = 33, p < .05. Observation of periods of unusually intense fetal motor activity were more common in fetuses of women with higher cortisol, Mann–Whitney U  =  58.5. There were no sex differences in fetal motor activity, but the associations between maternal cortisol and fetal motor amplitude and overall movement were significantly stronger for male than female fetuses. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 505–512, 2009
Cytotoxic Rhodium(III) Polypyridyl Complexes Containing the Tris(pyrazolyl)methane Coligand: Synthesis, DNA Binding Properties and Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: Bieda Ruth , Ott Ingo , Gust Ronald , Sheldrick William S.
Published: July 2009

The RhIII complexes of the type [RhCl(pp)(tpm)]2+ [pp = bpy, bpm, phen, tap, dpq, dppz] 4–9 have been prepared by stepwise treatment of RhCl3·3H2O or mer,cis‐[RhCl3(DMSO‐κS)2(DMSO‐κO)] with the appropriate polypyridyl ligand (pp) followed by the tripodal ligand tris(pyrazolyl)methane (tpm). Intermediates of the type [RhCl3(CH3OH)(pp)] 1–3 with pp = bpy, phen, dpq were also characterized but exhibit either low (3) or no (1, 2) cytotoxicity. X‐ray structural analyses of [RhCl(bpy)(tpm)][PF6]2 4 and [RhCl(phen)(tpm)][PF6]2 6 were performed, and the interaction of complexes 4–9 with DNA was investigated by CD and UV/Vis spectroscopy and by gel electrophoresis. CD and viscosity studies confirm strong intercalation of dppz complex 9 into DNA. Complexes 8 and particularly 9 (IC50 = 0.43, 0.37 μM) are potent cytotoxic agents towards the human cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and HT‐29, whereas respectively little (complex 6) or no activity (complexes 4, 5, 7) is observed for the other members of the series. Our findings indicate that the cytotoxicity is dependent on the hydrophobicity of both the polypyridyl and the facial coligand in these and other half‐sandwich RhIII complexes. Irradiation of bpy compound 4 in the presence of plasmid pBR322 for 30 min at 311 nm at a molar ratio of r = 0.1 leads to total conversion of the supercoiled form into the nicked version. Although dppz complex 9 also functions as a photonuclease under these conditions, the degree of cleavage is much lower. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Conformational Effects on Long‐Range Electron Transfer: Comparison of Oligo‐p‐phenylene and Oligo‐p‐xylene Bridges
Authors: Hanss David , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: July 2009

Phototriggered intramolecular electron transfer across variable‐length oligo‐p‐phenylene and oligo‐p‐xylene bridges was investigated in seven molecules. For both types of bridges, charge transfer rates decrease exponentially with increasing number of spacer units. The distance decay parameter is 0.21 Å–1 for the phenylenes and 0.77 Å–1 for the xylenes. A simple analysis based on superexchange theory indicates that this difference is due to unequal electronic coupling between adjacent bridging units. On the basis of the experimental data, phenyl‐phenyl coupling is found to be roughly 7 times stronger than xylyl‐xylyl coupling. This difference in electronic coupling strengths can be explained satisfactorily on the sole basis of conformational effects. It is consistent with equilibrium torsion angles of 35–40° between two phenyls and 65–70° between two xylyls.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Voltammetric Detection of Lead(II) Using Amide‐Cyclam‐ Functionalized Silica‐Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes
Authors: Goubert‐Renaudin Stéphanie , Moreau Mathieu , Despas Christelle , Meyer Michel , Denat Franck , Lebeau Bénédicte , Walcarius Alain
Published: July 2009

2‐(4,8,11‐Triscarbamoylmethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradec‐1‐yl)acetamide (TETAM) derivatives bearing 1, 2, or 4 silylated arms have been synthesized and grafted to the surface of silica gel and ordered mesoporous silica samples. The resulting organic‐inorganic hybrids have been incorporated into carbon paste electrodes and applied to the preconcentration electroanalysis of Pb(II). The attractive recognition properties of these cyclam derivatives functionalized with amide pendent groups toward Pb(II) species and the highly porous structure of the adsorbents can be exploited for the selective and sensitive detection of the target analyte. Various parameters affecting the preconcentration and detection steps have been discussed with respect to the composition and pH of both accumulation and detection media, the nature of the adsorbent (number of silylated groups linking the macrocycle to silica, texture of materials), the accumulation time, and the presence of interfering cations. Under optimal conditions and for 2 min accumulation at open‐circuit, the voltammetric response increased linearly with the Pb(II) concentration in a range extending from 2×10−7 to 10−5 M, while a longer accumulation time of 15 min afforded a linear calibration curve between 10−8 and 10−7 M with a detection limit of 2.7×10−9 M which is well below the European regulatory limit of lead in consumption water.
Temperature dependence of thermal induced mesocracks around limestone aggregate in normal concrete
Authors: Xuan D. X. , Shui Z. H.
Published: July 2009

This paper presents the results of thermal expansion measurements of mortar and limestone aggregate and thermal induced mesocracks around limestone aggregate in normal concrete exposed to high temperature, up to 800°C. The former was measured by a fused silica Workhorse Dilatometer. The later was observed by the viewfinder of Polarizing Optical Microscope. The results showed that the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between mortar and limestone exhibited the temperature dependence. Thermal induced tensile stress around limestone aggregate first took place, following the hydrostatic compression under higher temperature. During the whole heating process, the tangential, radical and linkage mesocracks in concrete gradually initiated and propagated for the response of thermal induced stress around limestone aggregate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evolutionary optimization of diffuser shapes based on CFD simulations
Authors: Ghosh S. , Pratihar D. K. , Maiti B. , Das P. K.
Published: July 2009

An efficient and robust algorithm is presented for the optimum design of plane symmetric diffusers handling incompressible turbulent flow. The indigenously developed algorithm uses the CFD software: Fluent for the hydrodynamic analysis and employs a genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization. For a prescribed inlet velocity and outlet pressure, pressure recovery coefficientC(the objective function) is estimated computationally for various design options. The CFD software and the GA have been combined in a monolithic platform for a fully automated operation using some special control commands. Based on the developed algorithm, an extensive exercise has been made to optimize the diffuser shape. Different methodologies have been adopted to create a large number of design options. Interestingly, not much difference has been noted in the optimumCvalues obtained through different approaches. However, in all the approaches, a better design has been obtained through a proper selection of the number of design variables. Finally, the effect of diffuser length on the optimum shape has also been studied. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Water Uptake of Flexible Ion‐Containing Polymer Networks
Authors: Mangiagli P. M. , Ewing C. S. , Xu K. , Wang Q. , Hickner M. A.
Published: July 2009

Dynamic gravimetric water sorption and desorption was measured while incrementing the relative humidity of the sample environment for a variety of ion‐containing polymers. The sorption and desorption experiments as a function of time were performed from 20 to 95% relative humidity and temperatures from 30 to 70 °C. The water uptake characteristics of the membranes were observed to depend on the flexibility of the polymer backbone, the ion exchange capacity of the membrane, and in the case of triblock copolymers, the molecular weight of the sulphonated block. Additionally, the water uptake tended to occur more slowly at high relative humidity where the enthalpy of solvation is low due to already well‐hydrated ions in the membrane. At low relative humidity, the water sorption occurred quickly due to the high enthalpy of solvation at low λ, but the polymer matrix constrained the magnitude of the total water swelling. A unique physical crosslinking effect was observed for triblock copolymers where less swelling of the network occurred at high temperatures than at low temperatures. This deswelling phenomenon with increased temperature was not observed for Nafion, which behaved like a classic elastic solid and swelled to a greater extent with increased temperature.
The U.S. DOEs High Temperature Membrane Effort
Authors: Epping Martin K. , Kopasz J. P.
Published: July 2009

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is sponsoring research and development (R&D) efforts emphasising fuel cell membrane materials that can operate at temperatures up to 120 °C with no inlet humidification and at total pressures of <2.5 atm. Several different strategies are being investigated and will be discussed. Recent results have demonstrated improved conductivity at lower relative humidity (RH) compared to standard perfluorosulphonic acid membranes. At 120 °C, conductivity approaching 0.1 S cm–1 has been achieved at 50% RH, an improvement over Nafion 112 by more than a factor of three. Detailed results of DOE sponsored research will be discussed, as well as incorporation of membranes into membrane electrode assemblies. Finally, the impact of the different strategies on durability will be discussed.
Toxicologic implications of cutaneous barriers: a molecular, cellular, and anatomical overview
Authors: Karan Abraar , Alikhan Ali , Maibach Howard I.
Published: July 2009

The skin barrier is a complex system of chemical, biological and physical processes that together regulate the admission and expulsion of foreign agents in contact with the skin. The eggresive movement of the stratum corneum (SC) is often a measure of its integrity, and transepidermal water loss has typically been a gold standard. However, the skin barrier has several barrier systems, such as ion flux, O2, CO2 and pH, which can give an informative and sometimes more sensitive measure of the SC condition. Furthermore, the penetrative interactions with the barrier have focused around occlusive methods to promote drug delivery, the interactions of topically applied drugs with the barrier and the presence of environmental agents that can harm the barrier. However, the nature of penetrative barrier interactions must also be elucidated on a microscopic level. The variable nature of barrier function is demonstrated when comparing the skin properties of neonates and adults. In addition, new biochemical methods have used keratin metrics to improve diagnostic efficacy and barrier integrity analysis. This review addresses the aforementioned aspects of the skin barriers that require further study to help discern the complexity of this essential organ as it relates to dermatotoxicology and dermatopharmacology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC analysis of HEMA released from two different adhesive systems
Authors: Altintas Subutay Han , Usumez Aslihan
Published: July 2009

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro elution of 2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) from two different adhesive systems, used in two dual polymerized resin cements for bonding of ceramic restoration by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods: Twenty freshly extracted caries and restoration free molar teeth used in this study. Standardized Class I preparations were prepared in all teeth. A lithium disilicate based (IPS Empress Esthetic; Ivoclar) ceramic inlays were cemented with one of the dual polymerized resin cements (RelyX ARC; 3M ESPE or Nexus 2; Kerr) that have two different adhesive systems (Single Bond; 3M ESPE, Optibond Solo Plus; Kerr). After cementation, specimens were stored in 75% ethanol solution. HPLC was used to analyze the amount of HEMA in the solution (after 10 min, 1 h, 24 h, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days). Two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests were used to evaluate the results (p < 0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences between adhesive systems according to the amount of released HEMA (p < 0.01) and also among time periods (p < 0.01). The amount of HEMA eluted from Optibond Solo Plus was significantly higher than Single Bond. The total amount of monomers was the highest after 21 days (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In the case of adhesive systems, Optibond Solo Plus showed the highest amount of HEMA. The amount of HEMA eluted from adhesive systems influenced by the time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Two‐solution bone cements with cross‐linked micro and nano‐particles for vertebral fracture applications: Effects of zirconium dioxide content on the material and setting properties
Authors: Rodrigues Danieli C. , Gilbert Jeremy L. , Hasenwinkel Julie M.
Published: July 2009

The application of bone cements for the treatment of vertebral compression fracture requires radiopaque materials for adequate visualization of the flow under fluoroscopy. Besides high radiopacity, it is desirable for the cement to have relatively low viscosity, high compressive strength and appropriate curing parameters. In this study, the properties of novel two‐solution bone cements composed of cross‐linked poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA microspheres or nanospheres added to the linear polymer phase were assessed for formulations with increasing concentrations of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). The addition of a cross‐linked phase in the standard two‐solution formulation (TSBC) was observed to improve the material properties by increasing setting time and decreasing maximum polymerization temperatures and decreasing the initial viscosity in comparison to the standard cement. The properties of three formulations (TSBC, modified two‐solution containing cross‐linked PMMA microspheres, and nanospheres) were measured for cements prepared at 0%, 5%, 20%, and 30% ZrO2 and compared to KyphX. Cements prepared with cross‐linked particles exhibited significantly higher compressive strength than the standard‐two solution cement and KyphX at increasing radiopacifier concentrations. Furthermore, cement viscosity was increased by the addition of increasing concentrations of ZrO2 in the modified two‐solution cements, whereas the maximum polymerization exotherm and setting time of these materials were decreased. This study indicates that the addition of high concentrations of ZrO2 significantly affects the properties of two‐solution cements acting as a reinforcing phase when cross‐linked spheres are added. These materials were observed to be suitable for vertebroplasty applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Experimental evaluation of a bovine pericardium‐derived collagen matrix buttress in ileocolic and colon anastomoses
Authors: Gaertner Wolfgang B. , Hagerman Gonzalo F. , Potter Michael J. , Karulf Richard E.
Published: July 2009

Background: Anastomotic leakage is a major complication of colorectal surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare stapled ileocolic and colon‐colon anastomoses with or without a collagen buttress derived from bovine pericardium in the immediate postoperative period. Methods: Various stapling devices were used to create ileocolic and colon‐colon anastomoses in a canine model. Ileocolic anastomoses were created by simulating two different techniques: “open” and “laparoscopic”. Colon‐colon anastomoses were created by using a double‐stapled technique. A total of 27 colon anastomoses (13 left colon‐colon, 8 right “laparoscopic”, and 6 right “open”) were created. Anastomoses buttressed with bovine pericardium (n = 15) were compared to anastomoses without any reinforcement (n = 12). Staple lines were evaluated 4 hours after operation. Evaluation included bursting pressure and bursting location. Results: No stapler device malfunction occurred. Excision rings were complete in all colon‐colon anastomoses. All non‐buttressed anastomoses burst at the staple line, whereas with buttressed anastomoses the adjacent intestine burst (p = 0.0001). The intestinal bursting pressure of bowel segments with buttressed staple lines (mean, 362 mmHg) was significantly higher than the bursting pressure of non‐buttressed staple lines (mean, 204 mmHg, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The use of a collagen matrix buttress derived from bovine pericardium in stapled ileocolic and colon‐colon anastomoses was safe. Buttressed anastomoses showed greater bursting strength as compared to non‐buttressed anastomoses in the immediate postoperative period in a canine model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Enterprise risk management and the healthcare risk manager
Authors: Berkowitz Sandra L.
Published: July 2009

The healthcare industry is dynamic and the industry changes require new tools to manage the risks generated by new core competencies. Silo‐centric practice is giving way to integration in the healthcare organization and in the discipline of risk management. Whether insurable or not, risk threatens the bottom line and business success. Enterprise Risk Management provides the tools for imbedding the discussion of Risk into the way an organization does business. Two tools described here are a Showstopper Risks List and a Risk and Response Map. The risk manager who adds value to the organization by aligning risk management strategies in support of business success will not only survive, but thrive in a constantly changing environment.
Collaborating to manage vendor interactions and protect quality of care in the OR
Authors: Gutman Mary E.
Published: July 2009

A culture that provides for safe patient environments demands that health care risk managers address all barriers to safe care, sometimes in extraordinary ways. For example, the operating room is one environment that has gained attention with policies on performing “time outs” before beginning a case and strong emphasis on correct site, correct patient and correct procedure surgery. However, a common hospital practice that has been generally accepted is to invite, allow and encourage sales representatives, or vendors, into the operating room to help surgeons use new equipment or devices. This article will describe how risk managers — partnering with their facility's sourcing and materials management departments — were able to influence a network‐wide shift in vendor interactions in the operating room to create safer places for patient care.
Managing corporate governance risks in a nonprofit health care organization
Authors: Troyer Glenn T. , Brashear Andrea D. , Green Kelly J.
Published: July 2009

Triggered by corporate scandals, there is increased oversight by governmental bodies and in part by the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002. Corporations are developing corporate governance compliance initiatives to respond to the scrutiny of regulators, legislators, the general public and constituency groups such as investors. Due to state attorney general initiatives, new legislation and heightened oversight from the Internal Revenue Service, nonprofit entities are starting to share the media spotlight with their for‐profit counterparts. These developments are changing nonprofit health care organizations as well as the traditional role of the risk manager. No longer is the risk manager focused solely on patients' welfare and safe passage through a complex delivery system. The risk manager must be aware of corporate practices within the organization that could allow the personal objectives of a few individuals to override the greater good of the community in which the nonprofit organization serves.
Shift report: Improving a complex process to enhance patient safety
Authors: Burrell Maripat
Published: July 2009

This article focuses on the shift change process, which is a time for communication of critical patient information. It identifies the multitude of variables that can interfere with that communication process and introduce the potential for error to occur. Human factors include the variability of staff, variability of processes, fatigue, environmental factors and the complexity of systems. The article also discusses methods to improve current processes with the intent to prevent error and improve patient outcomes.
Analysis of ASHRM membership survey on healthcare captives
Authors: Popp Pamela L.
Published: July 2009

This article explores the emergence of captives as a vehicle for managing healthcare risks. In 2006, the American Society for Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM) surveyed a segment of its membership with experience and interest in alternative risk financing about the role of healthcare captives. This article summarizes the findings and generally assesses the responses for opportunities to educate risk managers more fully on the role captives can play in managing risks.
Criminalization of medical errors: When is a mistake more than just a mistake¿
Authors: West John C.
Published: July 2009

This article will review widely publicized cases involving healthcare providers against whom criminal charges have been brought, just at the moment that the idea of medical error disclosure is getting traction. This article will attempt to find similarities or patterns and propose that some level of control can be exercised over these matters. This article will address approaches to the issue that risk managers can take to prepare for possible cases, and ways that cases can be managed once charges have been filed. The author concludes that errors should be treated as what they are — errors, not criminal acts.
Engaging ‘levers’ to guage success
Authors: Smith Paul English
Published: July 2009

In 2007, as part of its annual strategic planning process, the ASHRM board was fortunate to have the assistance of Rick Foster, an internationally known management consultant and author. Those of you who have participated in the AHA's Patient Safety Leadership Fellowship program have had the opportunity to work with Rick as he showed you what your Myers Briggs personality assessment results really mean, and how to understand different behavioral tendencies predicted by those assessments.
Using web‐based simulation learning to deal with shoulder dystocia
Authors: Hoppes Michelle , Lerner Henry
Published: July 2009

Simulation‐based learning can provide education and training to individuals in a variety of industries. The military, aviation and nuclear power industries have seen demonstrable improvement in critical event handling through the use of this type of learning when coupled with crew resource management techniques. Simulation training is also emerging in the healthcare field as an effective patient safety and risk management tool. In the area of obstetrics, healthcare risk managers can have an impact on injury and claim reduction rates related to shoulder dystocia by advocating for and implementing simulation training for obstetrical providers. This article will describe a shoulder dystocia simulation training program that uses a high‐fidelity mannequin, and illustrate the impact that the healthcare risk manager can have in reducing injuries due to shoulder dystocia.
When systems fail: Improving care through technology can create risk
Authors: Bagalio Sharon A.
Published: July 2009

Emerging medical technology is transforming the care of the modern‐day patient. Hospital performance and patient safety is improving, lowering professional liability and medical malpractice costs. This advanced technology affects not only diagnosis and treatment but also hospital productivity and revenue. However, it also exposes hospitals and medical personnel to a number of unforeseeable risks. This article examines ongoing efforts to improve patient safety through the use of technology, automation and complex systems operations. It discusses the importance of skilled negotiation when vying for technology contracts and the value of maintaining a reliable data center to support it. Technology risk exposure is now a reality. A hospital needs to know how to protect itself from cyber liability, business interruption, and data loss and theft by ensuring that there is adequate coverage.
Online learning as a staff risk management education option
Authors: Oppenberg Andrew A. , Walters Clifford A. , Stottlemyer Debra L.
Published: July 2009

As clinicians face growing responsibilities to keep up with continuing medical education offerings, they have less time to learn fundamental risk management knowledge to practice safely. To meet their clinicians' needs and time constraints, the authors developed, implemented and assessed 15 lessons in three online risk management courses for resident physicians in an academic center. This report demonstrates that Internet‐based learning can provide a practical alternative to formal classroom teaching of a risk management curriculum to busy resident physicians and potentially to other healthcare professionals.