bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonopioid receptor‐mediated effects of U‐50,488H on [Ca2+]i and extracellular dopamine in PC12 cells
Authors: Chudapongse Nuannoi , Kim Seong‐Youl , Sasaki Kenroh , Kramer Robert E. , Ho Ing K.
Published: October 2003

The present studies were carried out to determine the effects of a κ‐opioid receptor agonist on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, and extracellular dopamine in undifferentiated PC12 cells. The κ‐opioid receptor agonist U‐50,488H caused concentration‐dependent increases in [Ca2+]i and extracellular dopamine. Neither effect was blocked by the selective κ‐opioid receptor antagonist nor‐binaltorphimine. Increases in extracellular dopamine content and [Ca2+]i caused by U‐50,488H were correlated positively in the presence of extracellular Ca2+; however, reduction of extracellular Ca2+ abolished the increase in [Ca2+]i, but not that in dopamine. The latter observation suggests that stimulation of exocytotic release is not the primary mechanism involved in the increase in extracellular dopamine caused by U‐50,488H. Effects on dopamine synthesis or catabolism also seem unlikely because the enhancement of extracellular dopamine occurred rapidly, and the amount of a major metabolite of dopamine, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), was not affected. In any event, neither the increase in [Ca2+]i nor the increase in extracellular dopamine caused by U‐50,488H is mediated by the κ‐opioid receptor. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myelin‐associated inhibitors of axon regeneration
Authors: Grados‐Munro Edith M. , Fournier Alyson E.
Published: October 2003

Trauma in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has devastating clinical consequences due to the failure of injured axons to spontaneously regenerate. Over 20 years ago, pioneering work demonstrated that the non‐permissive nature of CNS myelin for axon outgrowth contributes to this regenerative failure. Over the past few years, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the inhibitory components of CNS myelin, the axonal receptors that respond to these cues, and the intracellular signaling cascades mediating axon outgrowth inhibition. Several approaches designed to antagonize molecular mediators of axon inhibition have been tested in an effort to promote regenerative growth after CNS injury. These studies have validated the role of many candidate proteins in axon outgrowth inhibition; however, other approaches such as the generation of knockout mice for myelin‐associated inhibitors have created new questions in the field. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of major liver resection, with or without recombinant bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (rBPI21), on the angiogenic profile of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Wu Francis P.K. , Boelens Petra G. , van Leeuwen Paul A.M. , Hoekman Klaas , Hansma Annemarie H.G. , Wiezer Marinus J. , Meijer Catharina , Meijer Sybren , Scotté Michel , Cuesta Miguel A.
Published: October 2003

Background

Surgery induces a process of wound healing, which has immunological and angiogenic aspects. Bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (BPI) is found in azurophilic granules of human neutrophils, which is bactericidal and neutralizes lipo‐polysaccharide (LPS). This may reduce postoperative infectious complications. In addition, BPI has been shown to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis.

Methods

A total of 18 patients with metastasized colorectal carcinoma to the liver were double blind randomized. The levels of the pro‐angiogenic factors interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin were investigated after liver surgery with perioperative administration of either rBPI21 or placebo.

Results

The highest IL‐6 levels were found during the first 24 hr and reached peak levels already at 2 hr postoperatively in both groups. In both groups VEGF levels decreased sharply in the postoperative hours, returning to baseline levels in the days afterwards. In both groups, an immediate decrease in endostatin levels was observed which remained significantly low. RBPI21 transiently influenced IL‐6 and VEGF.

Conclusions

RBPI21 only marginally affected IL‐6 and VEGF levels. Surgery per se induced an immediate immune response (IL‐6) and an immediate angiogenic response, reflected in an initial VEGF decrease and a longer lasting decrease of endostatin. These findings demonstrate the dynamics of tissue responses in the first phase of wound healing. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;84:137–142. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of lymph node retrieval and pathological ultra‐staging on the prognosis of stage II colon cancer
Authors: Law Calvin H.L. , Wright Frances C. , Rapanos Theodore , Alzahrani Mohamed , Hanna Sherif S. , Khalifa Mahmoud , Smith Andrew J.
Published: October 2003

Background and Objectives

A minimum number of lymph nodes must be assessed for accurate diagnosis of stage II colon cancer. We assessed number of lymph nodes retrieved, pathological ultra‐staging, and outcome in stage II colon cancer.

Materials and Methods

Consecutively treated patients with stage II colon cancer were identified. Baseline and outcome data were collected. Retrospective ultra‐staging using lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and nodal micrometastases was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: group I had ≤6 nodes and group II had >6 nodes retrieved. Survival was analyzed.

Results

One hundred and fifteen patients were included in the study. The 5 year overall survival was worse in group I versus II (P = 0.03). LVI and micrometastases were identified but neither predicted survival. Disease failure in group I was due to distant metastases rather than local recurrence.

Conclusions

Inadequate retrieval and assessment of lymph nodes is associated with worse outcome in stage II colon cancer patients. Recurrence patterns support the hypothesis that disease recurrence occurred due to inaccurate staging. In this small study, LVI or nodal micrometastases did not predict survival. Maximal attention should be paid to the total number of lymph nodes retrieved before embarking on potentially more resource intensive staging methods. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;84:120–126. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of 99mTc labeled chimeric Fab fragments of monoclonal antibody A7 for immunoscintigraphy of pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Otsuji Eigo , Matsumura Hiroomi , Okamoto Kazuma , Toma Atsushi , Kuriu Yoshiaki , Ichikawa Daisuke , Hagiwara Akeo , Yamagishi Hisakazu
Published: October 2003

Background

One of the reasons for the poor prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma is the difficulty of obtaining an early diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. One possibility is the application of radioimmunoscintigraphy using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (Mabs).

Methods

We labeled chimeric (human/mouse) Fab fragments of Mab A7 (chA7Fab) with 99mTc and examined the distribution of 99mTc‐labeled chA7Fab in nude mice bearing human pancreatic carcinoma.

Results

The tumor accumulation of 99mTc‐labeled chA7Fab was larger than that of 99mTc‐labeled A7 from 2 to 6 hr after injection. 99mTc‐labeled chA7Fab disappeared from blood more rapidly than 99mTc‐labeled A7. For all resected normal tissues except kidney, the accumulation of 99mTc‐labeled chA7Fab was low and similar to that of 99mTc‐labeled A7.

Conclusions

Because the half‐life of 99mTc is short (6 hr), chA7Fab, which accumulates rapidly in tumors, may be a better carrier of 99mTc than intact Mab A7. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;84:160–165. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics and mechanism of promoted hydrolysis of 4‐nitrophenyl acetate by zinc(II)‐tripod: Different roles of mononuclear and trinuclear species
Authors: Guo Yan‐He , Ge Qing‐Chun , Lin Hai , Lin Hua‐Kuan , Zhu Shou‐Rong
Published: November 2003

Coordination studies on Zn(II) complexes of 1,3,5‐tri(2,5‐diazahexyl)benzene (L) show that by comparison with the non‐deprotonation of complex ZnL in a 1:1 system, the three‐dimensional complexiaton decreases the pKa of the Zn‐bound water molecule, that is, pKa = 7.47 for trinulclear complex Zn3L in a 3:1 metal–ligand ratio. These two types of zinc(II) complexes have been examined as catalysts for the hydrolysis of 4‐nitrophenyl acetate (NA) in 10% (v/v) CH3CN at 298 K, I = 0.10 mol dm−3 KNO3 at pH range 6.5–8.2 and 8.5–10, respectively. Kinetic studies show that the second‐order rate constants of NA‐hydrolysis catalyzed by complexes ZnL, Zn3L, and Zn3LH−1 are 0.021, 0.0082, and 0.342 mol−1 dm3 s−1, respectively. In all the cases, the pH‐dependent observed first‐order rate constant, kobs, shows sigmoidal pH–rate profile. The 1:1 complex ZnL–H2O undergoes NA hydrolysis by direct rate‐determining hydrolysis to produce 4‐nitrophenol(ate) (NP−) and ZnL(OOCCH3); while in the 3:1 system the oxygen atom of acetic group forms a H‐bond with the Zn(II)‐bound water of the second branch of tripod indicating that the polynuclear centers are associated and bi‐functional. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 41–48 2004
Microtubules and growth cone function
Authors: Gordon‐Weeks Phillip R.
Published: October 2003

It has been recognized for a long time that the neuronal cytoskeleton plays an important part in neurite growth and growth cone pathfinding, the mechanism by which growing axons find an appropriate route through the developing embryo to their target cells. In the growth cone, many intracellular signaling pathways that are activated by guidance cues converge on the growth cone cytoskeleton and regulate its dynamics. Most of the research effort in this area has focussed on the actin, microfilament cytoskeleton of the growth cone, principally because it underlies growth cone motility, the extension and retraction of filopodia and lamellipodia, and these structures are the first to encounter guidance cues during growth cone advance. However, more recently, it has become apparent that the microtubule cytoskeleton also has a role in growth cone pathfinding and is also regulated by guidance cues operating through intracellular signaling pathways via engagement with cell membrane receptors. Furthermore, recent work has revealed an interaction between these two components of the growth cone cytoskeleton that is probably essential for growth cone turning, a fundamental growth cone behavior during pathfinding. In this short review I discuss recent experiments that uncover the function of microtubules in growth cones, how their behavior is regulated, and how they interact with the actin filaments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 70–83, 2004
Regulation of the neuronal actin cytoskeleton by ADF/cofilin
Authors: Sarmiere Patrick D. , Bamburg James R.
Published: October 2003

Actin and microtubules are major cytoskeletal elements of most cells including neurons. In order for a cell to move and change shape, its cytoskeleton must undergo rearrangements that involve breaking down and reforming filaments. Many recent reviews have focused on the signaling pathways emanating from receptors that ultimately affect axon growth and growth cone steering. This particular review will address changes in the actin cytoskeleton modulated by the family of actin dynamizing proteins known as actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin or AC proteins. Though much is known about inactivation of AC proteins through phosphorylation at ser3 by LIM or TES kinases, new mechanisms of regulation of AC have recently emerged. A novel phosphatase, slingshot (SSH), and the 14‐3‐3 family of regulatory proteins have also been found to affect AC activity. The potential role of AC proteins in modulating the actin organizational changes that accompany neurite initiation, axonogenesis, growth cone guidance, and dendritic spine formation will be discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 103–117, 2004
Role of CRMP‐2 in neuronal polarity
Authors: Arimura Nariko , Menager Celine , Fukata Yuko , Kaibuchi Kozo
Published: October 2003

Of the several types of polarized cells, the neuron is one of the most dramatic examples. It extends two distinctive processes, axon and dendrite. Polarization in neurons enables the two processes to play their functionally different roles, sending and receiving electrical signals in a vectorial fashion. While a catalog of structural, molecular, and functional differences between axon and dendrite is accumulating, the mechanisms involved in establishment of neuronal polarity are not well understood. Neuronal polarity formation begins with the elongation of one process as an axon in a symmetric cell phase. In this review, we describe recent advances in the understanding of several cellular events in the early development of axon and dendrite. We also discuss the involvement of the Rho family small GTPases, their upstream and downstream molecules, and collapsin response mediator protein‐2 (CRMP‐2) in the regulation of neuronal polarity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 34–47, 2004
Role of the microtubule destabilizing proteins SCG10 and stathmin in neuronal growth
Authors: Grenningloh Gabriele , Soehrman Sophia , Bondallaz Percy , Ruchti Evelyne , Cadas Hugues
Published: October 2003

The related proteins SCG10 and stathmin are highly expressed in the developing nervous system. Recently it was discovered that they are potent microtubule destabilizing factors. While stathmin is expressed in a variety of cell types and shows a cytosolic distribution, SCG10 is neuron‐specific and membrane‐associated. It contains an N‐terminal targeting sequence that mediates its transport to the growing tips of axons and dendrites. SCG10 accumulates in the central domain of the growth cone, a region that also contains highly dynamic microtubules. These dynamic microtubules are known to be important for growth cone advance and responses to guidance cues. Because overexpression of SCG10 strongly enhances neurite outgrowth, SCG10 appears to be an important factor for the dynamic assembly and disassembly of growth cone microtubules during axonal elongation. Phosphorylation negatively regulates the microtubule destabilizing activity of SCG10 and stathmin, suggesting that these proteins may link extracellular signals to the rearrangement of the neuronal cytoskeleton. A role for these proteins in axonal elongation is also supported by their growth‐associated expression pattern in nervous system development as well as during neuronal regeneration. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 60–69, 2004
Slow axonal transport and the genesis of neuronal morphology
Authors: Baas Peter W. , Buster Daniel W.
Published: October 2003

The classic view of slow axonal transport maintains that microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments move down the axon relatively coherently at rates significantly slower than those characteristic of known motor proteins. Recent studies indicate that the movement of these cytoskeletal polymers is actually rapid, asynchronous, intermittent, and most probably fueled by familiar motors such as kinesins, myosins, and cytoplasmic dynein. This new view, which is supported by both live‐cell imaging and mechanistic analyses, suggests that slow axonal transport is both rapid and plastic, and hence could underlie transformations in neuronal morphology. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 3–17, 2004
Microtubule‐associated protein 1B function during normal development, regeneration, and pathological conditions in the nervous system
Authors: Gonzalez‐Billault Christian , Jimenez‐Mateos Eva Maria , Caceres Alfredo , Diaz‐Nido Javier , Wandosell Francisco , Avila Jesus
Published: October 2003

Microtubule‐associated protein 1B is the first MAP to be expressed during the development of the nervous system. Several different approaches have revealed that MAP1B function is associated with microtubule and actin microfilament polymerization and dynamics. In recent years, the generation of molecular models to inactivate MAP1B function in invertebrates and mammals has sparked some controversy about the real role of MAP1B. Despite discrepancies between some studies, it is clear that MAP1B plays a principal role in the development of the nervous system. In this article, we summarize the evidence for MAP1B function in a wide variety of cellular processes implicated in the proper construction of the nervous system. We also discuss the role of MAP1B in pathological processes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 48–59, 2004
Coupling finite difference methods and integral formulas for elliptic problems arising in fluid mechanics
Authors: Albuquerque C. , Cottet G.‐H.
Published: October 2003

This article is devoted to the numerical analysis of two classes of iterative methods that combine integral formulas with finite‐difference Poisson solvers for the solution of elliptic problems. The first method is in the spirit of the Schwarz domain decomposition method for exterior domains. The second one is motivated by potential calculations in free boundary problems and can be viewed as a numerical analytic continuation algorithm. Numerical tests are presented that confirm the convergence properties predicted by numerical analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 199–229, 2004
Development of a two‐dimensional finite element model for pure advective equation
Authors: Sheu Tony W. H. , Lee P. H.
Published: October 2003

This article deals with a six‐parameter flux corrected transport (FCT) Taylor Galerkin finite element model for solving the pure convection equation that admits discontinuities. Modified equation analysis is conducted to optimize the scheme accuracy in the smooth flow. In the presence of discontinuity, the introduced free parameters are further controlled to yield a slower group velocity ahead of the discontinuity using the group velocity theory. In contrast, free parameters that result in a faster group velocity than the analytic phase velocity are chosen to reduce postdiscontinuity oscillations. The success in employing the FCT technique of Zalesak is to obtain a monotone solution and we apply the M‐matrix theory to achieve the goal. To validate the proposed finite element model, analytic tests, which are amenable to smooth as well as sharply varying solutions, are conducted. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 302–326, 2004
An Eulerian‐Lagrangian single‐node collocation method for transient advection‐diffusion equations in multiple space dimensions
Authors: Wu Li , Wang Hong
Published: October 2003

We developed a nonconventional Eulerian‐Lagrangian single‐node collocation method for transient advection‐diffusion transport partial differential equations in multiple space dimensions. This method greatly reduces the number of unknowns in conventional collocation method, generates accurate numerical solutions, and allows large time steps to be used in numerical simulations. We perform numerical experiments to show the strong potential of the method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 284–301, 2004
Thermal, mechanical and morphological analysis of poly(ε‐caprolactone), cellulose acetate and their blends
Authors: Bragança F. C. , Rosa D. S.
Published: October 2003

Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA) and their blends were characterized by their tensile strength, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy (OM). The compatibility of the blends was investigated and the OM results showed that CA tended to disperse as discrete particles in PCL. Thermal analysis showed the characteristic melting temperature peaks for PCL and CA in all blends, indicating that the compounds were immiscible. The addition of CA to PCL increased slightly the crystallinity of PCL, decreased the elongation at yield and the tensile strength up to 40/60 PCL/CA (w/w), which suggested incompatibility between the polymers. Together, these results indicate the absence of a strong chemical interaction between the two polymers. In agreement with this, the addition of CA to blends with PCL increased Young's modulus. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass transfer from theophylline hydrogels of a‐PVA/H2O and a‐PVA/NaCl/H2O system on heating
Authors: Shaheen Sharif M. , Yamaura Kazuo
Published: October 2003

Theophylline hydrogels of atactic‐poly(vinyl alcohol) (a‐PVA)/H2O and a‐PVA/NaCl/H2O systems were prepared followed by cyclic freezing (−30°C for 16 hr)–thawing (at room temperature for 8 hr) and one cycle gelation (at −20°C for 24 hr) processes, respectively. In order to prepare xerogels (dried hydrogels) of these hydogel systems, an apparently first‐order mass transfer phenomenon of water as evaporation was observed for a‐PVA/H2O hydrogel system, while heating at 60°C. The rate of evaporation decreased with increasing time in hyperbolic fashion. The total surface area (both lateral and two end surfaces of hydrogel matrix disc) decreased linearly for the first 90 min and thereafter had a tendency towards the steady‐state. The total mass flux showed time dependent linear reduction phenomenon, which is a characteristic physical behavior for these hydrogel systems on heat treatment. When NaCl was included in a‐PVA/H2O system mass transfer of water followed fourth‐order polynomial. But in consideration of a comparative study, sustained mass transfer was found from the hydrogel matrices of a‐PVA/H2O/NaCl system (gelation at −20°C). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlling molecular conformation of regenerated wild silk fibroin by aqueous ethanol treatment
Authors: Li Mingzhong , Tao Wei , Kuga Shigenori , Nishiyama Yoshiharu
Published: October 2003

Regenerated Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin film was prepared by dissolution of native silk fiber in aqueous lithium thiocyanate. The influence of aqueous ethanol treatment of the dried regenerated film on molecular conformation was studied by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. While the initial regenerated film consisted of α‐helix and random coil components, aqueous ethanol treatment of the film resulted in significant increase in β‐sheet component and improvement of water resistance of the film. This effect was strongly dependent on ethanol concentration, and 40–60% (w/w) ethanol was most effective due to balance of hydrophilic/hydrophobic action of the solvent. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and ring‐opening polymerization of co‐cyclic(aromatic aliphatic disulfide) oligomers
Authors: Chen K. , Liang Z. A. , Meng Y. Z. , Hay A. S.
Published: October 2003

An effective approach was presented for the synthesis of co‐cyclic(aromatic aliphatic disulfide) oligomers by catalytic oxidation of aromatic and aliphatic dithiols with oxygen in the presence of a copper‐amine catalyst. The aromatic dithiols can be 4,4′‐oxybis(benzenethiol), 4,4′‐diphenyl dithiol, 4,4′‐diphenylsulfone dithiol. The aliphatic dithiols can be 1,2‐ethanedithiol, 2,3‐butanedithiol, 1,6‐hexane dithiol. The co‐cyclic(aromatic aliphatic disulfide) oligomers were characterized by gradient HPLC, MALDI‐TOF‐MS, GPC, 1H‐NMR, TGA, and DSC techniques. The glass transition temperatures of these co‐cyclics ranged from −11.3 to 56.6°C. In general, these co‐cyclic(aromatic aliphatic disulfide) oligomers are soluble in common organic solvents, such as CHCl3, THF, DMF, DMAc. These co‐cyclic oligomers readily underwent free radical ring‐opening polymerization in the melt at 180°C, producing linear, tough and high molecular weight poly(aromatic aliphatic disulfide)s. The glass transition temperatures of these polymers ranged from −3.7 to 107.8°C that are higher than those of corresponding co‐cyclics. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microcalorimetry investigation of synthetic hemoprotein (albumin‐heme)
Authors: Huang Yubin , Komatsu Teruyuki , Tsuchida Eishun
Published: October 2003

Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) incorporating the iron(II) complex of the tetraphenylporphyrin derivative (FepivP or FecycP) is a synthetic O2‐carrying hemoprotein [albumin‐heme (rHSA‐FepivP or rHSA‐FecycP)], which acts as a red blood cell substitute. The association and dissociation behavior of FepivP and FecycP with rHSA has been initially investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry. A strong heat release appeared after the injection of albumin‐heme into a large molar excess of rHSA. This exothermic enthalpy change was due to the transference of hemes to the other free albumins. The difference in the heme binding affinity to rHSA can be manifested in the enthalpy term. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of poly(propylene)/clay layered nanocomposites by melt intercalation from pristine montmorillonite (MMT)
Authors: Tang Yong , Hu Yuan , Wang Shaofeng , Gui Zhou , Chen Zuyao
Published: October 2003

Poly(propylene)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation, using pristine montmorillonite (MMT), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (C16), poly(propylene) (PP) and maleic acid (MA) modified PP (MAPP), The nanocomposites structure is demonstrated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution electronic microscopy (HREM). Our purpose is to provide a general concept for manufacturing polymer nanocomposites by melt intercalation starting from the pristine MMT. We found different kneaders (twin‐screw extruder or twin‐roll mill) have influence on the morphology of the PP/clay nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the thermal stability of PP/clay nanocomposites has been improved compared with that of pure PP. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculation of thermochemical properties of conjugated radicals
Authors: Vysotsky Y. B. , Bryantsev V. S.
Published: November 2003

Heat of formation for 30 conjugated hydrocarbon radicals were calculated within the framework of an unrestricted Hartree–Fock method using the same set of π‐Hamiltonian parameters for systems with closed and open electronic shell. Based on π‐electronic perturbation theory, the model of aromatic annelation and radical CH2 substitution of neutral molecules was developed. The proposed model makes it possible to obtain thermochemical properties of radicals on the basis of calculated or experimental data for less lengthy analogues. Direct calculation and results based on perturbation theory agree closely with each other and with experiment. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Data analytic trends and training in strategic management
Authors: Shook Christopher L. , Ketchen David J. , Cycyota Cynthia S. , Crockett Dilene
Published: November 2003

Data analysis is a key element of the research process. Accordingly, appropriate doctoral training in data analysis is vital to the strategic management field's future. We used a two‐study design to evaluate quantitative data analysis trends and doctoral training. An analysis of Strategic Management Journal articles from 1980 to 2001 reveals that, contrary to some predictions, the use of general linear model techniques such as regression has increased over time. However, the use of more specialized techniques, including those suitable for examining longitudinal data, discrete events, and causal structure, has also grown substantially. A survey of recent doctoral graduates shows that, although skilled with general linear models, many are ill prepared to use specialized techniques. Based on our findings, we offer suggestions aimed at bridging gaps between what doctoral students (and other researchers) know and what they need to know about data analysis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Receptor‐mediated induction of aminopeptidase A (APA) of human glomerular epithelial cells (HGEC) by glucocorticoids
Authors: Stefanovic V. , Vlahovic P. , Ardaillou N. , Ardaillou R.
Published: November 2003

Membrane‐bound peptidases are critical regulators of peptide hormones. We therefore characterized aminopeptidase A (APA) activity in human glomerular epithelial cells (HGEC) and studied the control of its expression. APA, which splits off the N‐terminal Asp from angiotensin II (AII), was present at the surface of HGECs (55% of the total enzyme). APA activity was calcium‐dependent and was inhibited by amastatin. Treatment of HGECs by dexamethasone (DEX) increased ecto‐APA activity in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Maximal increase of APA activity (× 2) occurred after treatment with 0.5 μM DEX for 5 days. Higher concentrations (1·10 μM) of aldosterone (ALD) stimulated APA activity to a lesser extent (× 1.25). Actinomycin D and cycloheximide prevented and RU 38486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, suppressed the DEX‐induced increase in APA activity. These results indicate that AII availability at glomerular receptor sites may be reduced by DEX and suggest a role for glucocorticoids in AII‐dependent changes of glomerular filtration rate.
Characterization of trypsinogens 1 and 2 in two human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines; CFPAC‐1 and CAPAN‐1
Authors: Miszczuk-Jamska B. , Merten M. , Guy-Crotte O. , Amouric M. , Clemente F. , Schoumacher R.A. , Figarella C.
Published: November 2003

Proteins with trypsin‐like immunoreactivity (first detected by a specific immunoenzymatic assay) were isolated from CAPAN‐1 and CFPAC‐1 cell culture‐conditioned media by chromatography on an immunoadsorbent prepared with a polyclonal antibody directed against trypsin 1. The adsorbed proteins were devoid of free trypsin activity but trypsin activity was present after enterokinase activation demonstrating that the immunoreactive trypsin present in cell supernatants corresponds to trypsinogens. When characterised by Western blotting using a monoclonal antibody directed against human trypsin 1 two protein bands corresponding to trypsinogen 1 (23 kDa) and trypsinogen 2 (25 kDa) gave a positive reaction. These results demonstrate the presence of trypsinogens 1 and 2 in CAPAN‐1 and CFPAC‐1 cells and in their culture‐conditioned media.
Rapid turnover of low density lipoprotein receptor in human monocytic THP‐1 cells
Authors: Hamanaka Ryoji , Seguchi Tadashi , Sato Yasufumi , Ono Mayumi , Kohno Kimitoshi , Kuwano Michihiko
Published: November 2003

We examined whether human monocyte‐derived macrophages had low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors with a short life span. The human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP‐1, was highly differentiated when treated with phorbol ester. LDL receptors degraded rapidly with half‐lives of 3–4 h in THP‐1 cells before phorbol ester treatment. During the transition into monocytic cells, expression of the LDL receptor gene was not affected. However, relative degradation rates of LDL receptors normalized by those of cellular total proteins were about twice as fast in phorbol ester‐treated THP‐1 cells compared to untreated cells.
The relationship between fish condition and the probability of being mature in American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides)
Authors: Morgan M. Joanne
Published: October 2003

Fish condition can be related to a population's reproductive potential in a variety of ways. The relationship between condition and the probability of being mature (adult) was examined in three populations of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides). The effect of condition was tested after first removing the known effects of age and length. Neither relative liver condition nor relative body condition significantly affected the probability of male American plaice being mature, but there was a significant positive effect of both condition indices on the probability of being a mature female. However, the additional variation explained by female condition was small when compared with the combined effect of age and length. Condition is related to the age and size at which fish attain adulthood. Variation in fish condition will have a direct impact on the spawning stock biomass of a population through differences in the maturation schedule of cohorts with differing condition.
Cardiovascular responses to the change from the left lateral to the upright position in pregnant hypertensives
Authors: Dyer R.A. , Anthony J. , Ledeboer Q. , James M.F.
Published: November 2003

Objective: To evaluate by non‐invasive means, the autonomically mediated changes in heart rate and blood pressure in response to postural change in pregnancy. Method: Ninety‐one patients were studied, of whom 17 were non‐pregnant controls, 21 were normotensive parturients, 22 had non‐proteinuric hypertension, and 31 were pre‐eclamptics. In all patients the heart rate and blood pressure response to the change from the left lateral to the erect position was measured non‐invasively, during the third trimester in the pregnant groups. Results: The change from the left lateral to the erect position induced significantly greater mean changes (increases) in systolic blood pressure in the normotensive pregnant (PC) women than all other groups (P<0.05). Pre‐eclamptic patients (PE) exhibited significantly less of an increase in systolic blood pressure than the non‐proteinuric hypertensive (H) group. Both the H and PC groups showed significantly greater increases in diastolic pressure than the non‐pregnant (NP) group. PE patients had a significantly smaller increase in diastolic pressure than the H group. There were no significant differences between heart rate changes when comparing the PC, NP and H groups. The PE group exhibited a significantly greater increase in heart rate on adopting the erect position than all other groups. Conclusions: Pre‐eclamptics exhibit smaller changes in blood pressure than normotensive pregnant patients and non‐proteinuric hypertensives on standing, while producing an exaggerated heart rate response, indicating altered autonomic compensatory mechanisms in these patients.
Assessing Welfare State Change: The German Social Insurance State between Reciprocity and Solidarity
Authors: Leitner Sigrid , Lessenich Stephan
Published: October 2003

The analytic framework used here to study welfare state change builds upon the distinction of two fundamentally opposed logics of social exchange: the logic of reciprocity and of solidarity. The approach enables to assess the complexity and ambivalence of policy change in advanced welfare states. Using recent social policy reform in Germany as an illustration of the analytical capacity of our approach, it is shown that change can be detected in two different dimensions. One type of change is in the overall mix between reciprocity-based insurance and solidarity-based assistance programmes which makes up the specific profile of a national welfare regime. Another type is in the balance between elements of reciprocity and solidarity within social insurance schemes. This approach can be replicated with any of the developed welfare states of the OECD world.
The allocation of responsibility for later life: Canadian reflections on the roles of individuals, government, employers and families
Authors: KEMP CANDACE L. , DENTON MARGARET
Published: October 2003

Set against the backdrop of an ageing population and the discourse surrounding old age, risk and the welfare state, this paper draws on 51 semi-structured life-history interviews to examine how mid- and late-life Canadians discuss and allocate responsibility for the provision of social, financial and medical supports in later life. Whatever their personal circumstances, most individuals articulated sentiments of personal responsibility for later life. Individual planning and preparation were defined as necessary to secure against the perceived individual and collective risks associated with becoming and being old. The role of the state was intimately connected to individual responsibility, as ‘deserving’ citizens were understood to have legitimate claims to state-supported pensions, health care and social programmes. Although some participants cited the provision of pensions, the least consensus concerned employers' responsibilities. Meanwhile, with the exception of emotional support, most participants had minimal expectations of their relatives or family members. Most rejected the notion that family members should provide housing, financial support or personal care. It is concluded that individual perceptions of risk and responsibility have profound connections to state support, public policy and normative patterns of familial and employer assistance in later life.
Assisted-living for older people in Israel: market control or government regulation?
Authors: DORON ISRAEL , LIGHTMAN ERNIE
Published: October 2003

In recent decades there has been a rapid expansion of assisted-living facilities for older people in many different countries. Much of this growth has occurred with only limited or no government regulation, but many problems have arisen, typically around the quality of care, which have led to demands that governments act to protect vulnerable residents. This paper examines whether formal legal regulation is the optimal policy to protect the needs and rights of frail residents, while respecting the legitimate interests of others, such as operators and owners. It presents the case for and against direct legal regulation (as in institutions), and suggests that no overall a priori assessment is possible. The analysis is based on the case of Israel, where proposed regulations for assisted-living have been introduced but not implemented. After a brief history of assisted-living in Israel – its recent dramatic growth and why this occurred – the paper concludes that formal direct regulation is not the best route to follow, but that the better course would be to develop totally new ‘combined’ regulatory legislation. This would define the rights of residents and encourage self-regulation alongside minimal and measured mechanisms of deterrence. Such an approach could promote the continued development of the assisted-living industry in Israel and elsewhere, while guaranteeing that the rights, needs and dignity of older residents are protected.
Gender and wellbeing among older people: evidence from Thailand
Authors: SOBIESZCZYK TERESA , KNODEL JOHN , CHAYOVAN NAPAPORN
Published: October 2003

Researchers and international organisations frequently suggest that older women are disadvantaged in comparison with older men. This analysis of census and survey data from Thailand, however, indicates a far more complex association between gender and various aspects of ageing. Through an examination of various demographic, economic, psychosocial and health variables, it is found that older Thai women do face certain disadvantages compared to their male counterparts, including lower education and literacy, far higher levels of widowhood and living alone, and a lower likelihood of receiving formal retirement benefits. Older Thai men, however, also face relative disadvantages, including worse survivorship, a lower likelihood of receiving money from adult children, a greater probability of debt and other financial problems, and lower satisfaction with their financial situation. Many other demographic, psychosocial and economic measures are not significantly associated with gender. Our analysis provides some support for a lifecourse perspective, that relates gender differences in old age to differences in earlier life experiences, roles and reward structures, particularly access to retirement pensions and the type of support older men and women provide for their co-resident children. Marital status often mediates gender differences in wellbeing among older people. The study concludes with research and policy recommendations.
Young people's music in and out of school
Authors: Lamont Alexandra , Hargreaves David J. , Marshall Nigel A. , Tarrant Mark
Published: October 2003

This article examines the perceived and documented problems of school music, particularly at secondary level, through a study of young people's music in and out of school. Four issues are explored: teachers' approaches to music in school; pupils' levels of engagement in musical activities in and out of school; pupils' attitudes to music in and out of school; and pupils' aspirations in music. A Pupils' Music Questionnaire was administered to 1,479 pupils in Years 4, 6, 7 and 9 (aged 8–14 years) from 21 schools in England; Teacher Interviews were conducted with 42 head teachers and teachers responsible for music in all these schools; and follow-up Music Focus Groups were conducted with 134 pupils from the original sample. In contrast to earlier research, both teachers and pupils across the sample demonstrated very positive attitudes towards music, whilst also acknowledging constraints on good practice. Music listening formed an important part of pupils' lives, but music making was more prominent than suggested by previous research. Commitment to musical activity seemed more robust out of school than in school, and it is suggested that involvement in musical activity may be transitory for some children and adolescents.
Assessing creativity in musical compositions: flow as an assessment tool
Authors: Byrne Charles , MacDonald Raymond , Carlton Lana
Published: October 2003

This study was designed to examine any links between the concept of flow or optimal experience and the creative output of student compositions. The creative products of group compositions by university students (n=45) were rated for creativity and on a number of standard criteria and compared with scores obtained from Experience Sampling Forms (Csikszentmihalyi & Csikszentmihalyi, 1988) completed by each participant. A significant correlation was found between optimal experience or flow levels of students and the quality of their group compositions as measured by creativity ratings. Some implications for educators and learners in the music classroom are explored and a proposed self-directed learning tool is discussed. Some of the issues on the assessment of creativity in music raised by Sheridan & Byrne (2002) are also discussed. This paper highlights the subjective nature of existing assessment procedures, considering whether examiners need extended criteria as opposed to a single dimension of creativity. The formative assessment nature of the flow paradigm is also explored.
OFSTED, fun, and learning: a case study of a school music inspection
Authors: Cope Peter
Published: October 2003

In December 2001, the Times Educational Supplement reported on an OFSTED (Office for Standards in Education) inspection in which a school music department had been heavily criticised for placing too much emphasis on fun and enjoyment. In this paper, the OFSTED report is examined for evidence of the assumptions and justifications of its negative conclusions. The place of enjoyment in teaching and learning music is discussed and it is suggested that enjoyment is important to underpin necessary implicit learning, to maintain motivation and to ensure a lifelong commitment to music. Furthermore, enjoyment is not an easy option, depending as it does on a balance between challenge and developing competence. It is concluded that the OFSTED report fails to back its judgement with convincing evidence, fails to acknowledge the possibility and legitimacy of different positions, and relies on the power of OFSTED for its own legitimacy.
On such
Authors: SPINILLO MARIANGELA
Published: October 2003

The word such represents a challenge to most grammatical treatments when it comes to assigning it to a particular word class. In this article I consider the syntactic as well as the semantic properties of such. I argue that its conventional dual treatment as a determiner and as a pronoun (Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad & Finegan, 1999; Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech & Svartvik, 1985) is unwarranted. I also discuss some more recent treatments (Altenberg, 1994; de Mönnink, 1996; Siegel, 1994) and argue that these too cannot fully account for the facts. Based on syntactic evidence drawn from the British component of the International Corpus of English (ICE-GB), I will argue that the analysis I refer to as the ‘uniform adjective analysis’ of such (Huddleston & Pullum, 2002) best accounts for the facts.
Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und soziale Erfahrungen von Mädchen, die extensiv gewaltdarstellende Computerspiele nutzen
Authors: Kassis Wassilis , Steiner Olivier
Published: November 2003

Zusammenfassung. Die Studie ermittelt Merkmale von Mädchen, die extensiv gewaltdarstellende Computerspiele nutzen. Mädchen, die extensiv gewaltdarstellende Computerspiele konsumieren, sind meistens in Stichproben so schwach vertreten, dass die entsprechenden Daten quantitativ-empirisch nicht analysiert werden können. Die Korrespondenzanalyse eröffnet hier einen rechnerischen Ausweg. Diese Methode der Datenauswertung und deren Ertrag für Analysen im Schnittfeld quantitativer und qualitativer Forschung wird in der vorliegenden Studie getestet. Wir haben über den Einsatz der Korrespondenzanalyse eruieren können, dass Mädchen, die in hohem Maße gewaltdarstellende Computerspiele konsumieren, durch eine hohe Gewaltakzeptanz und durch eine geringe Akzeptanz anderer Gleichaltriger zu charakterisieren sind. Zugleich erfahren sie eine geringe Akzeptanz durch ihre Lehrpersonen und werden von den Eltern in einem geringen Ausmaß im Bewältigungsprozess anstehender Entwicklungsaufgaben des Jugendalters begleitet. Damit zeigt sich, dass für diese Mädchen der Konsum eines typischen ‘Jungenmediums‘ nicht die Form eines positiven undoing gender beinhaltet, sondern eine spezifische Problemlage ihrer Lebenswelt darstellt.
The Sub‐Balkan graben system of central Bulgaria
Authors: Tzankov Tz. , Angelova D. , Nakov R. , Burchfiel B. C. , Royden L. H.
Published: November 2003

The Sub‐Balkan graben system in central Bulgaria forms the present northern boundary of the Aegean extensional region. This east‐trending graben system lies along the southern flank of the Stara Planina range and consists mainly of half‐grabens. The sedimentary fill in the grabens ranges in age from late Miocene to Recent and records the initiation and evolution of the graben system. The sedimentary fill in the grabens is oldest in the central graben and becomes progressively younger to the west and east, indicating a diachronous development of the grabens. Grabens are formed in the hangingwalls of south‐dipping low‐angle normal faults which have been displaced by younger higher angle normal faults along the foot of the Stara Planina. Hangingwall rocks have been complexly faulted and rotated such that some graben fill has been rotated down‐to‐the‐north. The Sredna Gora range south of the grabens is part of a complexly faulted and rotated hangingwall block bounded on the south by south‐dipping normal faults forming the northern boundary of the Thracian Basin. The Stara Planina range has been formed by uplift and rotation due to footwall unloading along the low‐angle normal faults and forms the northern margin of the graben system. Most of the topography of Bulgaria south of the Sub‐Balkan graben system is the result of late Miocene to Recent extensional processes linked to the Aegean region that have been superposed on convergent features and earlier extensional features that extend back to late Eocene time.
Prenatal Diagnosis in Combined Antithrombin and Factor V Gene Mutation
Authors: Lane David A. , Auberger Karin , Ireland Helen , Roscher Adelbert A. , Lay Thein Swee
Published: November 2003

We report prenatal diagnosis in a family with combined antithrombin deficiency (type II heparin binding site) and factor V 506 Arg to Gln mutation. Both clinically unaffected parents are heterozygous for the antithrombin mutation, which results in a 99 Leu to Phe substitution, and the father is also heterozygous for the factor V gene defect. There is one daughter, homozygous for the antithrombin and heterozygous for the factor V mutations, who suffered a right‐sided hemiparesis at the age of 4 months due to occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery and a large left sided infarct followed by further thromboembolic events. The family requested prenatal diagnosis and chorionic villi was sampled at 12 weeks gestation. The fetus was shown to be heterozygous for the antithrombin and factor V gene mutations, the same genotype as the unaffected father. No further intervention was considered necessary. To our knowledge this is the first report of prenatal diagnosis in antithrombin deficiency.