bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prohibitin 1 is essential to preserve mitochondria and myelin integrity in Schwann cells
Authors: Della-Flora Nunes Gustavo , Wilson Emma R. , Marziali Leandro N. , Hurley Edward , Silvestri Nicholas , He Bin , O’Malley Bert W. , Beirowski Bogdan , Poitelon Yannick , Wrabetz Lawrence , Feltri M. Laura
Published: June 2021

In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells form myelin and provide trophic support to axons. We previously showed that the mitochondrial protein prohibitin 2 can localize to the axon-Schwann-cell interface and is required for developmental myelination. Whether the homologous protein prohibitin 1 has a similar role, and whether prohibitins also play important roles in Schwann cell mitochondria is unknown. Here, we show that deletion of prohibitin 1 in Schwann cells minimally perturbs development, but later triggers a severe demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Moreover, mitochondria are heavily affected by ablation of prohibitin 1 and demyelination occurs preferentially in cells with apparent mitochondrial loss. Furthermore, in response to mitochondrial damage, Schwann cells trigger the integrated stress response, but, contrary to what was previously suggested, this response is not detrimental in this context. These results identify a role for prohibitin 1 in myelin integrity and advance our understanding about the Schwann cell response to mitochondrial damage.
Roton-like acoustical dispersion relations in 3D metamaterials
Authors: Chen Yi , Kadic Muamer , Wegener Martin
Published: June 2021

Roton dispersion relations have been restricted to correlated quantum systems at low temperatures, such as liquid Helium-4, thin films of Helium-3, and Bose–Einstein condensates. This unusual kind of dispersion relation provides broadband acoustical backward waves, connected to energy flow vortices due to a “return flow”, in the words of Feynman, and three different coexisting acoustical modes with the same polarization at one frequency. By building mechanisms into the unit cells of artificial materials, metamaterials allow for molding the flow of waves. So far, researchers have exploited mechanisms based on various types of local resonances, Bragg resonances, spatial and temporal symmetry breaking, topology, and nonlinearities. Here, we introduce beyond-nearest-neighbor interactions as a mechanism in elastic and airborne acoustical metamaterials. For a third-nearest-neighbor interaction that is sufficiently strong compared to the nearest-neighbor interaction, this mechanism allows us to engineer roton-like acoustical dispersion relations under ambient conditions.
Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida-type interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructures
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Cha In Ho , Kim Yong Jin , Kim Gyu Won , Stashkevich Andrey , Roussigné Yves , Belmeguenai Mohamed , Chérif Salim M. , Samardak Alexander S. , Kim Young Keun
Published: June 2021

The manipulation of magnetization with interfacial modification using various spin-orbit coupling phenomena has been recently revisited due to its scientific and technological potential for next-generation memory devices. Herein, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction characteristics penetrating through a MgO dielectric layer inserted between the Pt and CoFeSiB. The inserted MgO layer seems to function as a chiral exchange interaction mediator of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction from the heavy metal atoms to ferromagnet ones. The potential physical mechanism of the anti-symmetric exchange is based on the tunneling-like behavior of conduction electrons through the semi-conductor-like ultrathin MgO. Such behavior can be correlated with the oscillations of the indirect exchange coupling of the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida type. From the theoretical demonstration, we could provide approximate estimation and show qualitative trends peculiar to the system under investigation.
A metal ion orients SARS-CoV-2 mRNA to ensure accurate 2′-O methylation of its first nucleotide
Authors: Viswanathan Thiruselvam , Misra Anurag , Chan Siu-Hong , Qi Shan , Dai Nan , Arya Shailee , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Gupta Yogesh K.
Published: June 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 nsp16/nsp10 enzyme complex modifies the 2′-OH of the first transcribed nucleotide of the viral mRNA by covalently attaching a methyl group to it. The 2′-O methylation of the first nucleotide converts the status of mRNA cap from Cap-0 to Cap-1, and thus, helps the virus evade immune surveillance in host cells. Here, we report two structures of nsp16/nsp10 representing pre- and post-release states of the RNA product (Cap-1). We observe overall widening of the enzyme upon product formation, and an inward twisting motion in the substrate binding region upon product release. These conformational changes reset the enzyme for the next round of catalysis. The structures also identify a unique binding mode and the importance of a divalent metal ion for 2′-O methylation. We also describe underlying structural basis for the perturbed enzymatic activity of a clinical variant of SARS-CoV-2, and a previous SARS-CoV outbreak strain.
Radiosensitivity index emerges as a potential biomarker for combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Dai Yang-Hong , Wang Ying-Fu , Shen Po-Chien , Lo Cheng-Hsiang , Yang Jen-Fu , Lin Chun-Shu , Chao Hsing-Lung , Huang Wen-Yen
Published: June 2021

In the era of immunotherapy, there lacks of a reliable genomic predictor to identify optimal patient populations in combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy (CRI). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether genomic scores defining radiosensitivity are associated with immune response. Genomic data from Merged Microarray-Acquired dataset (MMD) were established and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were obtained. Based on rank-based regression model including 10 genes, radiosensitivity index (RSI) was calculated. A total of 12832 primary tumours across 11 major cancer types were analysed for the association with DNA repair, cellular stemness, macrophage polarisation, and immune subtypes. Additional 585 metastatic tissues were extracted from MET500. RSI was stratified into RSI-Low and RSI-High by a cutpoint of 0.46. Proteomic differential analysis was used to identify significant proteins according to RSI categories. Gene Set Variance Analysis (GSVA) was applied to measure the genomic pathway activity (18 genes for T-cell inflamed activity). Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed for survival analysis. RSI was significantly associated with homologous DNA repair, cancer stemness and immune-related molecular features. Lower RSI was associated with higher fraction of M1 macrophage. Differential proteomic analysis identified significantly higher TAP2 expression in RSI-Low colorectal tumours. In the TCGA cohort, dominant interferon-γ (IFN-γ) response was characterised by low RSI and predicted better response to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade. In conclusion, in addition to radiation response, our study identified RSI to be associated with various immune-related features and predicted response to PD-1 blockade, thus, highlighting its potential as a candidate biomarker for CRI.
Systems modeling predicts that mitochondria ER contact sites regulate the postsynaptic energy landscape
Authors: Leung A. , Ohadi D. , Pekkurnaz G. , Rangamani P.
Published: June 2021

Spatiotemporal compartmentation of calcium dynamics is critical for neuronal function, particularly in postsynaptic spines. This exquisite level of Ca2+ compartmentalization is achieved through the storage and release of Ca2+ from various intracellular organelles particularly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria. Mitochondria and ER are established storage organelles controlling Ca2+ dynamics in neurons. Mitochondria also generate a majority of energy used within postsynaptic spines to support the downstream events associated with neuronal stimulus. Recently, high resolution microscopy has unveiled direct contact sites between the ER and the mitochondria (MERCs), which directly channel Ca2+ release from the ER into the mitochondrial membrane. In this study, we develop a computational 3D reaction-diffusion model to investigate the role of MERCs in regulating Ca2+ and ATP dynamics. This spatiotemporal model accounts for Ca2+ oscillations initiated by glutamate stimulus of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors and Ca2+ changes in four different compartments: cytosol, ER, mitochondria, and the MERC microdomain. Our simulations predict that the organization of these organelles and inter-organellar contact sites play a key role in modulating Ca2+ and ATP dynamics.

We further show that the crosstalk between geometry (mitochondria and MERC) and metabolic parameters (cytosolic ATP hydrolysis, ATP generation) influences the neuronal energy state. Our findings shed light on the importance of organelle interactions in predicting Ca2+ dynamics in synaptic signaling. Overall, our model predicts that a combination of MERC linkage and mitochondria size is necessary for optimal ATP production in the cytosol.
Influence of wind energy utilization potential in urban suburbs: a case study of Hohhot
Authors: Wenxin Wang , Kexin Chen , Yang Bai , Yun Xu , Jianwen Wang
Published: June 2021

Given the increasing trend of using wind energy in cities, the utilization of distributed wind energy in cities has been widely concerned by researchers. The related research on the micro-site selection of wind turbines, a sub-project of the Task27 project of the International energy agency, was continued in this paper. The wind speed data of an observation station near Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, with a range of 10–19 m were collected. The evaluation included wind direction, Weibull parameter characteristics, and turbulence intensity. The potential energy output in 10 different heights was estimated using commercial horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines of the same power. Results showed that the following: the three-parameter Weibull distribution model can well describe the statistical properties of the wind speed in this site. The wind speed distribution model constructed from extrapolation parameters reflects the wind speed statistical properties out of detection positions to a certain extent. The wind energy density of the vertical axis wind turbine is slightly lower than that of the horizontal axis wind turbine. Furthermore, more power can be generated from March to May.
GABARAP ameliorates IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived stromal cells by activating autophagy
Authors: Guo Xiaobo , Wu Zhenyuan
Published: June 2021

Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the most commonly investigated progenitor cells in bone defect repair and osteoarthritis subchondral bone regeneration; however, these studies are limited by complex inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated whether pro-autophagic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) promotes BMSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by modulating autophagy in the presence or absence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in vitro. The expression levels of all relevant factors were evaluated by qRT-PCR or western blotting where appropriate. BMSCs differentiation were assessed by Alizarin Red, alkaline phosphatase, safranin O, and Oil Red O staining. Furthermore, the interactions between autophagy and osteogenic differentiation were investigated by co-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). As the results, we found that treatment with recombinant human His6-GABARAP protein promoted cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and reduced ROS generation by increasing autophagic activity, particularly when co-cultured with IL-1β. Moreover, His6-GABARAP could effectively increase the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were significantly decreased by His6-GABARAP treatment, whereas its protective effects were attenuated by 3-MA. This study demonstrates that GABARAP maintains BMSCs survival and strengthens their osteogenic differentiation in an inflammatory environment by upregulating mediators of the autophagy pathway.
Infection kinetics of Covid-19 and containment strategy
Authors: Chattopadhyay Amit K , Choudhury Debajyoti , Ghosh Goutam , Kundu Bidisha , Nath Sujit Kumar
Published: June 2021

The devastating trail of Covid-19 is characterized by one of the highest mortality-to-infected ratio for a pandemic. Restricted therapeutic and early-stage vaccination still renders social exclusion through lockdown as the key containment mode.To understand the dynamics, we propose PHIRVD, a mechanistic infection propagation model that Machine Learns (Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo) the evolution of six infection stages, namely healthy susceptible (H), predisposed comorbid susceptible (P), infected (I), recovered (R), herd immunized (V) and mortality (D), providing a highly reliable mortality prediction profile for 18 countries at varying stages of lockdown. Training data between 10 February to 29 June 2020, PHIRVD can accurately predict mortality profile up to November 2020, including the second wave kinetics. The model also suggests mortality-to-infection ratio as a more dynamic pandemic descriptor, substituting reproduction number. PHIRVD establishes the importance of early and prolonged but strategic lockdown to contain future relapse, complementing futuristic vaccine impact.
A route pruning algorithm for an automated geographic location graph construction
Authors: Schweimer Christoph , Geiger Bernhard C. , Wang Meizhu , Gogolenko Sergiy , Mahmood Imran , Jahani Alireza , Suleimenova Diana , Groen Derek
Published: June 2021

Automated construction of location graphs is instrumental but challenging, particularly in logistics optimisation problems and agent-based movement simulations. Hence, we propose an algorithm for automated construction of location graphs, in which vertices correspond to geographic locations of interest and edges to direct travelling routes between them. Our approach involves two steps. In the first step, we use a routing service to compute distances between all pairs of L locations, resulting in a complete graph. In the second step, we prune this graph by removing edges corresponding to indirect routes, identified using the triangle inequality. The computational complexity of this second step is $$\mathscr{O}(L^3)$$

O
(

L
3

)

, which enables the computation of location graphs for all towns and cities on the road network of an entire continent. To illustrate the utility of our algorithm in an application, we constructed location graphs for four regions of different size and road infrastructures and compared them to manually created ground truths. Our algorithm simultaneously achieved precision and recall values around 0.9 for a wide range of the single hyperparameter, suggesting that it is a valid approach to create large location graphs for which a manual creation is infeasible.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapies very frequently induce secondary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Manaka Katsunori , Sato Junichiro , Takeuchi Maki , Watanabe Kousuke , Kage Hidenori , Kawai Taketo , Sato Yusuke , Miyagawa Takuya , Yamada Daisuke , Kume Haruki , Sato Shinichi , Nagase Takahide , Iiri Taroh , Nangaku Masaomi , Makita Noriko
Published: June 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are potent therapeutic options for many types of advanced cancer. The expansion of ICIs use however has led to an increase in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI) can be life-threatening especially in patients with delayed diagnosis. We retrospectively investigated secondary AI in ICI-treated patients. A total of 373 cancer patients treated with ICIs were included and evaluated. An adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency was described in 13 patients. Among 24 patients with a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab therapy, 7 patients (29%) developed secondary AI in a median time of 8 weeks during the combination therapy and 2 of 15 patients (13%) developed isolated ACTH deficiency during maintenance nivolumab monotherapy following the combination therapy. More than half of the patients (4/7) with a combination therapy-induced multiple anterior hormone deficiencies was diagnosed as secondary AI based on regular ACTH and cortisol tests with slight subjective symptoms. Secondary AI can arise frequently and rapidly in cancer patients receiving a combination ICI therapy, and thus we speculate active surveillance of AI using regular ACTH and cortisol tests during the combination therapy might be useful for avoiding life-threatening conditions due to secondary AI.
Toxicity of NiO nanoparticles to soil nutrient availability and herbage N uptake from poultry manure
Authors: Shah Ghulam Abbas , Ahmed Jahangir , Iqbal Zahid , Hassan Fayyaz-ul- , Rashid Muhammad Imtiaz
Published: June 2021

Recently, there is an increasing trend of using metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture due to their potential role in remediating soil pollution and improving nutrient utilization from fertilizers. However, evidence suggested that these NPs were toxic to the soil life and their associated functions, and this toxicity depended on their dose, type, and size. Here, a dose-dependent (5, 50, and 100 mg kg−1 soil) toxicity of NiO NPs on poultry manure (PM: 136 kg N ha−1) decomposition, nutrient mineralization, and herbage N uptake were studied in a standard pot experiment. The NPs doses were mixed with PM and applied in soil-filled pots where then ryegrass was sown. Results revealed that the lowest dose significantly increased microbial biomass (C and N) and respiration from PM, whereas a high dose reduced these parameters. This decrease in such parameters by the highest NPs dose resulted in 13 and 41% lower soil mineral N and plant available K from PM, respectively. Moreover, such effects resulted in 32 and 35% lower herbage shoot and root N uptakes from PM in this treatment. Both intermediate and high doses decreased herbage shoot Ni uptake from PM by 33 and 34%, respectively. However, all NPs doses did not influence soil Ni content from PM. Hence, our results indicated that high NPs dose (100 mg kg−1) was toxic to decomposition, nutrient mineralization, and herbage N uptake from PM. Therefore, such NiONPs toxicity should be considered before recommending their use in agriculture for soil remediation or optimizing nutrient use efficiency of fertilizers.
Chemical and physical interactions of regenerated cellulose yarns and isocyanate-based matrix systems
Authors: Ungerer Bernhard , Müller Ulrich , Potthast Antje , Herrero Acero Enrique , Veigel Stefan
Published: June 2021

In the development of structural composites based on regenerated cellulose filaments, the physical and chemical interactions at the fibre-matrix interphase need to be fully understood. In the present study, continuous yarns and filaments of viscose (rayon) were treated with either polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) or a pMDI-based hardener for polyurethane resins. The effect of isocyanate treatment on mechanical yarn properties was evaluated in tensile tests. A significant decrease in tensile modulus, tensile force and elongation at break was found for treated samples. As revealed by size exclusion chromatography, isocyanate treatment resulted in a significantly reduced molecular weight of cellulose, presumably owing to hydrolytic cleavage caused by hydrochloric acid occurring as an impurity in pMDI. Yarn twist, fibre moisture content and, most significantly, the chemical composition of the isocyanate matrix were identified as critical process parameters strongly affecting the extent of reduction in mechanical performance. To cope with the problem of degradative reactions an additional step using calcium carbonate to trap hydrogen ions is proposed.
Comparison between male and female breast cancer survival using propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Scomersi Serena , Giudici Fabiola , Cacciatore Giuseppe , Losurdo Pasquale , Fracon Stefano , Cortinovis Sara , Ceccherini Rita , Zanconati Fabrizio , Tonutti Maura , Bortul Marina
Published: June 2021

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease. The few studies on MBC reported conflicting data regarding survival outcomes compared to women. This study has two objectives: to describe the characteristics of a single-cohort of MBC and to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between men and women using the propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. We considered MBC patients (n = 40) diagnosed between January 2004 and May 2019. Clinical, pathological, oncological and follow-up data were analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed to determine the prognostic factors on OS and DFS for MBC. We selected female patients with BC (n = 2678). To minimize the effect of the imbalance of the prognostic factors between the two cohorts, the PSM method (1:3 ratio) was applied and differences in survival between the two groups were assessed. The average age of MBC patients was 73 years. The 5-year OS and DFS rates were 76.7% and 72.2% respectively. The prognostic factors that significantly influenced OS and DFS were tumor size and lymph node status. After the PSM, 5 year-OS was similar between MBC and FBC (72.9% vs 72.3%, p = 0.70) while we found a worse DFS for MBC (72.2% vs 91.4%, p  = 0.03). Our data confirmed previous reported MBC characteristics: we found a higher risk of recurrence in MBC compared to FMC but similar OS. MBC and FMC are different entities and studies are needed to understand its epidemiology and guide its management.
Thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester fibers according to various heat treatment conditions
Authors: Lee Won Jun , Kwac Lee Ku , Kim Hong Gun , Chang Jin-Hae
Published: June 2021

Thermotropic liquid crystal copolyester (TLCP) was synthesized using a melt polymerization method, with a molar ratio composition of 2,5-diethoxy terephthalic acid (ETA), hydroquinone (HQ), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) of 1:1:3. TLCP exhibited nematic liquid crystalline mesophase and maintained nematic textures under all heat treatment conditions applied. The synthesized TLCP was processed into fibers using a capillary rheometer. The liquid crystalline mesophase, thermo-mechanical properties, and morphology of TLCP fibers obtained under various heat treatment conditions were investigated. The thermo-mechanical properties of the heat-treated fibers were improved compared to those of the as-spun fibers. The best results were obtained for TLCP fibers annealed at 230 °C for 9 h. The heat-treated fibers showed a well-developed microfiber morphology compared to the as-spun fibers. In the spun fibers, a skin–core morphology was observed regardless of the heat treatment conditions, and a well-developed fiber morphology better than the core area was observed in the skin area. The diameter of the fiber heat-treated at 230 °C for 9 h was approximately 60–110 nm.
JAK inhibitors dampen activation of interferon-stimulated transcription of ACE2 isoforms in human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Lee Hye Kyung , Jung Olive , Hennighausen Lothar
Published: June 2021

SARS-CoV-2 infection of human airway epithelium activates genetic programs leading to progressive hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Here, we report on transcriptomes activated in primary airway cells by interferons and their suppression by Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Deciphering the regulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is paramount for understanding the cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ChIP-seq for activating histone marks and Pol II loading identified candidate enhancer elements controlling the ACE2 locus, including the intronic dACE2 promoter. Employing RNA-seq, we demonstrate that interferons activate expression of dACE2 and, to a lesser extent, the genuine ACE2 gene. Interferon-induced gene expression was mitigated by the JAK inhibitors baricitinib and ruxolitinib, used therapeutically in COVID-19 patients. Through integrating RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data we provide an in-depth understanding of genetic programs activated by interferons, and our study highlights JAK inhibitors as suitable tools to suppress these in bronchial cells.
Resolving the organization of CO2 molecules confined in silica nanopores using in situ small-angle neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Mohammed Sohaib , Liu Meishen , Gadikota Greeshma
Published: June 2021

This work quantifies the core–shell structure of nano-confined CO2 molecules under pressure in silica pores using in operando small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements and molecular dynamics simulations.
Construction of Janus dendrimers through a self-assembly approach involving chiral discrimination at a focal point
Authors: Zhou John , Cole Ashley M. , Menuey Elizabeth M. , Kilway Kathleen V. , Moteki Shin A.
Published: June 2021

Chirality-driven self-assembly is employed to construct various Janus dendrimers. The strategy enables to construct Janus dendrimerin situ, and each dendron subunit to be recovered and recycled through the disintegration of the Janus dendrimer.
Pillararene-enriched linear conjugated polymer materials with thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole linkages for photocatalysis
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Lu , Wang Yan , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: June 2021

A conjugated polymer material integrated with pillararenes and codoped with heteroatoms was constructed for band-structure engineering and photocatalytic dye degradation.
The influence of surface proximity on photoswitching activity of stilbene-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene monolayers
Authors: Dery Shahar , Alshanski Israel , Mervinetsky Evgeniy , Feferman Daniel , Yitzchaik Shlomo , Hurevich Mattan , Gross Elad
Published: June 2021

Stilbene-functionalized NHC accumulated vertical adsorption geometry on Au film, enabling reversible changes in surface potential following photoisomerization. Stronger interaction with Pt film quenched stilbene-NHC influence on surface potential.
Closed bipolar electrode based fluorescence visualization biosensor for anti-interference detection of T-2 toxin
Authors: Hao Nan , Qiu Yu , Li Yaqi , Lu Jinwen , Han Xu , Qian Jing , Wang Kun
Published: June 2021

A closed bipolar electrode based fluorescence visualization biosensor was successfully constructed and used for anti-interference detection of T-2 toxin.
Stability of hydrogen-terminated graphene edges
Authors: Gao Yan , Xu Dan , Cui Tian , Li Da
Published: June 2021

Two highly stable hydrogen-terminated graphene edge databases are built.
Ultrahigh-rate nickel monosulfide anodes for sodium/potassium-ion storage
Authors: Sadan Milan K. , Kim Huihun , Kim Changhyeon , Cho Gyu-Bong , Cho Kwon-Koo , Ahn Jou-Hyeon , Ahn Hyo-Jun
Published: June 2021

The NiS anode exhibited excellent rate and cycling characteristics for both alkali ion types (i.e., for SIBs and PIBs) in an ether-based electrolyte. Also, a full cell containing a Na3V2(PO4) cathode possessed high power and energy densities.
A strategy for preparing high-efficiency and economical catalytic electrodes toward overall water splitting
Authors: Yao Dongxue , Gu Lingling , Zuo Bin , Weng Shuo , Deng Shengwei , Hao Weiju
Published: June 2021

Electrolyzing water technology to prepare high-purity hydrogen is currently an important field in energy development.
Reversible crosslinking and fast stress relaxation in dynamic polymer networks via transalkylation using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane
Authors: Maassen Eveline E. L. , Heuts Johan P. A. , Sijbesma Rint P.
Published: June 2021

A dynamic covalent network using transalkylation of benzyl-DABCO crosslinkers features fast relaxation with a very strong temperature dependence. The network is de-crosslinked by an excess of DABCO.
Crystallization and self-assembly of shape-complementary sequence-defined peptoids
Authors: Xuan Sunting , Jiang Xi , Balsara Nitash P. , Zuckermann Ronald N.
Published: June 2021

Shape complementarity between polymers is a hallmark of biological systems (e.g. DNA base pairing and protein binding interactions). Here we explore the role of shape complementarity between sequence-defined N-alkyl peptoids in crystal lattices.
A hyperbranched polysiloxane containing carbon dots with near white light emission
Authors: Guo Liulong , Yan Hongxia , Yan Lirong , Bai Lihua , Niu Song , Zhao Yan
Published: June 2021

In this work, we prepared a novel hyperbranched polysiloxane containing carbon dots, which can emit near white light with the CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.301, 0.333) via mixing dual emission at 414 and 532 nm excited at λex = 340 nm.
Polymerizability of exomethylene monomers based on adamantyl frameworks
Authors: Goseki Raita , Miyai Shogo , Uchida Satoshi , Ishizone Takashi
Published: June 2021

We evaluated the polymerizability of novel exomethylene monomers based on an adamantyl skeleton, 2-methyleneadamantane (MAd) and 2-allylideneadamantane (AAd), under anionic, cationic, and radical conditions.
Polar NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheets for enhancing the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Lujing , Meng Kai , Jia Zhijun , Wang Yi , Qi Tao
Published: June 2021

Polar NiFe LDHs hosts can promote the reduction of soluble polysulfides and greatly improve the electrochemical performances of Li–S batteries.
Ordered mesoporous ZnGa2O4 for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yang Xiaomei , Ma Jinmiao , Guo Ru , Fan Xiaochen , Xue Ping , Wang Xiaozhong , Sun Hui , Yang Qingfeng , Lai Xiaoyong
Published: June 2021

Ordered large-pore mesoporous ZnGa2O4 with ultrathin crystalline frameworks of 3–5 nm for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Construction of novel bridged aromatic ring-fused oxazocine frameworks via an N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed azabenzoin reaction and radical-initiated cascade cyclization
Authors: Niu Shuang-Shuo , Cheng Ying
Published: June 2021

A novel method for the construction of 1,5-methanobenzo[f][1,3]oxazocin-6-ones and 6,10-methanopyrido[3,2-f][1,3]oxazocin-5-ones from o-vinyl aromatic aldehydes and N-acylarylimines was developed via NHC-catalyzed and radical-initiated reactions.
Visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization of 1-(allyloxy)-2-(1-arylvinyl)benzenes with sulfonyl chlorides for the synthesis of sulfonated benzoxepines
Authors: Zhou Nengneng , Kuang Kaimo , Wu Meixia , Wu Sixin , Xia Ziqin , Xu Qiankun , Zhang Man
Published: June 2021

A visible light photocatalyzed cascade sulfonylation/cyclization of 1-(allyloxy)-2-(1-arylvinyl)benzenes with sulfonyl chlorides for the construction of sulfonated benzoxepines is developed.
Machine-learning-accelerated multimodal characterization and multiobjective design optimization of natural porous materials
Authors: Lo Dico Giulia , Nuñez Álvaro Peña , Carcelén Verónica , Haranczyk Maciej
Published: June 2021

Machine learning models of the morphology and surface activity of natural clays enable multiobjective design of functional materials,e.g.acid nanocatalyzers.
Energy harvesting by ambient humidity variation with continuous milliampere current output and energy storage
Authors: Komazaki Yusuke , Kanazawa Kenji , Nobeshima Taiki , Hirama Hirotada , Watanabe Yuichi , Suemori Kouji , Uemura Sei
Published: June 2021

A hygroelectric generator capable of high current output has been developed by combining a deliquescent salt and reverse electrodialysis.
MicroRNA expression profile in serum reveals novel diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer
Authors: Fan Xingchen , Zou Xuan , Liu Cheng , Cheng Wenfang , Zhang Shiyu , Geng Xiangnan , Zhu Wei
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) prove to be promising diagnostic biomarkers for various cancers, including endometrial cancer (EC). The present study aims to identify serum microRNAs that can serve as potential biomarkers for EC diagnosis.

Patients and methods: A total of 92 EC and 102 normal control (NC) serum samples were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in this four-phase experiment. The logistic regression method was used to construct a diagnostic model based on the differentially expressed miRNAs in serum. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value. To further validate the diagnostic capacity of the identified signature, the 6-miRNA marker was compared with previously reported biomarkers and verified in three public datasets. In addition, the expression characteristics of the identified miRNAs were further explored in tissue and serum exosomes samples.

Results: Six miRNAs (miR-143-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-423-3p, and miR-484) were significantly overexpressed in the serum of EC compared with NCs. Areas under the ROC of the 6-miRNA signatures were 0.748, 0.833, and 0.967 for the training, testing, and the external validation phases, respectively. The identified signature has a very stable diagnostic performance in the large cohorts of three public datasets. Compared with previously identified miRNA biomarkers, the 6-miRNA signature in the present study has superior performance in diagnosing EC. Moreover, the expression of miR-143-3p and miR-195-5p in tissues and the expression of miR-20b-5p in serum exosomes were consistent with those in serum.

Conclusions: We established a 6-miRNA signature in serum and they could function as potential non-invasive biomarker for EC diagnosis.
Simulation of physical processes and environmental monitoring at training and research stands
Authors: Nasrulin Aydar , Khamdamov Bekmamat , Yuldashev Tashmirza , Ergasheva Dilbar , Kan Eduard
Published: June 2021

In this article, we also consider the results of studying the problems and prospects for the use of educational and research stands of the Department of Hydropower and Hydraulics and information technologies to provide modelling of physical processes and environmental monitoring. This will improve the methodology for the education of energy engineers to implement the program of measures for the further development of energy and renewable energy in Uzbekistan. As an example of such an approach, we can consider as one interconnected System that combines the results of work:

Examples of methods for creating a virtual stand based on digital maps for information support of environmental monitoring of hydraulic structures;

An example of an experimental stand for research on the operation of structures made of reinforced soil;

Examples of stands for the study of hydraulic processes - an example of the development of instruments for hydrometric support. Experimental stands are given. Methods for creating hydrostatic pressure and own weight of the dam. Conclusions and recommendations based on the results of experimental research on educational research stands.
Differential equations for calculating gas exchange in an internal combustion engine
Authors: Musabekov Zakirjon , Khakimov Jamshid , Botir Ergashev
Published: June 2021

Considering the unsteadiness of the flow in the valve channels and windows of the internal combustion engine in combination with limiting the maximum flow rate allows you to take into account the flow characteristics in the exhaust systems of forced engines. Thus, the calculation according to the above method allows us to obtain by calculation, observed in experiments, the reverse pressure drop in the short period of the end of the free release, the validity of using a modified 0-dimensional model of gas exchange, even for engines with long manifolds, where the Strophe number is less than 8.
Long-term monitoring of the vegetation cover of mountain territories in the GIS for soil and landscape study of territories
Authors: Djalilova Gulnora , Mamatkulova Feruza , Mamatkulova Zamira , Igamberdiyeva Dilfuza , Eshquvatov Quvonchbek
Published: June 2021

Rational use of natural resources and preservation of the environment in good conditions is the basis of the stable state of the ecosystem. Mountain soil erosion is the most common process of degradation. Soil protection from erosion is becoming a global problem in the world, and in Uzbekistan, in particular. Natural conditions of the region create a potential danger of soil erosion. The reason for its manifestation is the misuse of land, non-compliance with necessary requirements for soil protection. In most cases, it is due to the location of homesteads and crops on erosion-prone soils that poorly protect soil from erosion, improper cultivation of soils on arable land, unregulated grazing of pastures, and damage to soil protective plantations.

The climate, topography and soils can in some way create a potential danger of erosion, while the vegetation cover reduces the possibility of erosion or completely prevents it. V.V.Dokuchaev [6] has given great importance to vegetation in the problems of soil protection from erosion and a decrease in the flow of atmospheric precipitation. He wrote: “… in the early spring, and after heavy rains in the virgin steppe there are no large streams, while on old-growth fields they run in all directions, storm and foam.”

A good vegetation cover sharply reduces the danger of erosion when a great amount of precipitation falls out. With high intensity of rains on slopes with a good vegetation cover, the danger of erosion may be much less than in the case of rainfalls with a small amount of precipitation and with less intensity on slopes with poor plantation or without any.
Comparison of turbulence models for two-phase flow in a centrifugal separator
Authors: Madaliev Erkin , Madaliev Murodil , Adilov Kamol , Pulatov Tohir
Published: June 2021

The numerical results of mathematical modeling of a two-phase, axisymmetric swirling turbulent flow in the separation zone of a centrifugal separator are presented. The movement of the carrier gas flow was modeled using RANS, which were closed using the SARC turbulence models, the SST-RC model, and the SSG/LRR-RSM-w2012 model. For the numerical solution of the problem, the SIMPLE algorithm was used. The article compares the results of numerical calculation of turbulence models. The results of a comparison of numerical calculations with allowance for the effect of the solid phase on the dynamics of the air medium and without taking it into account with experimental data are presented.
Mathematical modeling of the kinematics of chemical droplets when pulverizing with a sprayer based on a new two-fluid turbulent model
Authors: Malikov Zafar , Matchanov Rafik , Yuldashev Azamat , Djuraeva Nargiza
Published: June 2021

A mathematical modeling and numerical solution of the motion of the droplets of chemical reagents outflowing from the pneumatic sprayer are developed in the article. A new efficient two-fluid turbulence model is used to simulate turbulent flow. The mass fraction of liquid in the gas stream is considered small. Therefore, the effect of the liquid phase on the dynamics of air is ignored. The "parabolize" system of hydrodynamic equations is solved for the gas flow. For this, a marching method of integrating equations is used. The Lagrange approach is used to find the droplet trajectories. It is shown that the new turbulence model can be successfully applied to study two-phase submerged jets. The solutions obtained made it possible to determine a pattern of the field treatment by chemical reagents and define the sprayer's optimal parameters.
Intra-annual surface runoff distribution of The Chatkal River in different watery years
Authors: Kodirov Sobir , Djumanov Jamoljon
Published: June 2021

In planning water reservoirs, it’s significant to understand surface runoff behaviors, especially in medium and small rivers. The article examines water availability results during different watery years of The Chatkal River, which is the biggest left tributary of The Chirchik River. The computation of intra-annual runoff distribution for three different years of watery and for two distinguished periods of watery was carried out. It is derived that independently from the watery of year, 80% of runoff originates in high water period and 20% in the low water period.
Quasistatic elastic-plastic loading and unloading of rods with coulomb dry friction
Authors: Mamatova Nigora
Published: June 2021

Loading of elastic-plastic rods with account on Prandtl’s scheme is considered in the paper, and nonlinear interactions are taken into account under the law of Coulomb friction. Exact analytical solutions of quasi-stationary problems of interaction of elastic-plastic rod and undeformable media surrounding it are given.
A Comparative Study Between Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Inference System for Estimation and Filling of Missing Runoff Data at Al-Jawadiyah Station
Authors: Ali Slieman Alaa , Kozlov Dmitry
Published: June 2021

Runoff is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle, and having complete series of runoff data is essential for any hydrological modelling process. This study compares artificial neural networks and fuzzy inference systems for estimation of runoff data at the Al-Jawadiyah hydrometric station. This study used only the runoff data at Al-Jawadiyah station in addition to the runoff values measured at Al-Amiri station on the Syrian-Lebanese border. Many experiments were conducted, and a very large number of artificial neural networks were trained with changing the number of hidden layers, the number of neurons, and the training algorithms until the best network was reached according to the regression criteria and the root mean of the error squares between the measured values and the predicted values. Also, many fuzzy inference models have been prepared, changing the number and type of membership functions until the most accurate model has been reached. The results showed the high reliability of both the artificial neural network models and the fuzzy inference models in estimating runoff in the study area, and the comparison between the results showed the great convergence of the two models with a slight preference for the fuzzy models. This study recommends using the rest of the artificial intelligence models and comparing them to arrive at the most accurate model. This helps prepare a complete series of hydrological and climatic measurements that form a basis for preparing an accurate hydrological model for the study area.
The blast relief sandwich panel fixing under the explosion energy action
Authors: Rybakov Vladimir , Gracheva Olga , Ogurtsov Mikhail , Abdusattarhuzha Saydiolimkhon , Raimova Ikbaloy
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the assessment of the efficiency of using wall sandwich panels with mineral wool core, sheathing made of galvanized steel with a polymer coating, used as blast-relief panels. The article presents the developed seating unit for the wall sandwich panel at the moment of the explosion energy influence. As a result of the experiments carried out, when an excess pressure of no more than 3.0 kPa in the room is reached, the safety shut-off devices ensure the discharge of the displaced element, which avoids damage to the main elements of the frame. According to the results of 2 tests, the actual value of the overpressure for opening the displaced element is 2.7 kPa, which allows the discharge of the displaced element to be ensured. In the course of the study, the expediency of using blast-relief panels(BRP) in the form of wall sandwich panels was substantiated, and this technical solution was implemented at the facility with the possibility of a deflagration explosion
On numerical investigation of stability of roadbeds reinforced by gabion structures
Authors: Adilov Farkhadjan , Abirov Rustam
Published: June 2021

The stability of roadbed in seismic prone areas is vital for the sustainable economic development of regions. The gabion structures are one of the methods of road strengthening. Gabion structures are used to avoid damage to the roadbed under loads of natural ground slope due to earthquake or other reasons. This approach is one of the most economical and efficient solutions for the stabilization of natural ground slopes, and it is efficient as a drainage system. Field tests give precise results about the efficiency of gabion types for different sites. However, in some cases, it is expensive and numerical calculation can be used for the estimation of the applicability of gabions. The stability of roadbed by using finite element approaches was investigated here. Stability was considered as results of calculations by two cases with gabions and without ones were compared. The dynamic and seismic impact was taken into account according to local normative documents.
Strengthening the roadbed of highways using soil stabilizers
Authors: Kayumov Abdubaki , Salimova Barno , Khakimova Raykhon , Kayumov Azizjon
Published: June 2021

Modern trends in road construction (an increase in traffic intensity and carrying capacity of road transport, expansion of the network of roads, including local ones) put forward the problem of the need not only to increase the durability of road structures but also to use local materials and soils in road construction. Considering that many regions of Uzbekistan experience a shortage of materials for the construction of foundations, and their delivery is associated with additional transport costs, the relevance of using local soils in the bases of road pavements becomes obvious. Recently, there has been an increased interest in methods of physical and mechanical stabilization of soils using stabilizers. Dependence is proposed that allows one to determine the strength and deformation characteristics of stabilized saline soils.
Influence of the train load on the stability of the subgrade at the speed of movement
Authors: Abdujabarov Abduhamit , Begmatov Pardaboy , Eshonov Farkhod , Mekhmonov Mashhur , Khamidov Makhsud
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the vibration of the subgrade soil and for the sections of the sloping terrain of the location of the subgrade calculation methods. In the calculations, we use the finite element method, the advantages of which are the simplicity of obtaining systems of resolving equations and the possibility of thickening the grid of elements and taking into account the inhomogeneous deformation and density properties of the soil material. The stress-strain state caused by structural changes in the subgrade during high-speed train traffic is determined. It also determines the dependence of the increase in the stress in the embankment of the subgrade on its height during high-speed train traffic, the dependence of the stress in the embankment of the subgrade on its width during high-speed train traffic, and the dependence of the stress in the slopes of the notch its depth.