bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Livelihoods, Land and Political Economy: Reflections on Sam Moyo’s Research Methodology
Authors: Scoones Ian
Published: March 2017

This article focuses on the methodological lessons from Sam Moyo’s scholarship. Sam’s research is characterised by a combination of detailed empirical investigation, deep knowledge of the technical and practical aspects of agricultural production and farming livelihoods, and big-picture political economy analysis and theory. Sam’s method is an insightful contemporary application of the method originally set out in Marx’s Grundrisse. Many contemporary explorations of agrarian political economy fail to sustain the important tension and dialectical debate, between diverse empirical realities and their ‘multiple determinations and relations’ and wider theorisation of the ‘concrete’ features of emergent processes of change. The implications of Sam’s methodological approach for the analysis of Zimbabwe’s land reform are discussed, especially in relation to the land occupations and the politics of agrarian reform since 2000.
Association Between Nonparenting Adult’s Attachment Patterns and Brain Structure and Function
Authors: Letourneau Nicole Lyn , Hart J. Martha , MacMaster Frank P.
Published: March 2017

Nursing has a long history of attending to the importance of early attachment experiences to later development. Attachment strategies formed in infancy and early childhood can have lifelong effects on an individual’s behavior and health. Advances in neuroimaging technology allow us to understand how these early experiences map onto the structure and function of the brain and ultimately behavior and health. Previous reviews have discussed the findings of studies observing correlations between attachment strategy and neural function and structure in romantic partners and parents, but far less has been said about nonparenting adults. This article reviews the relationship between attachment strategies developed in childhood and brain structure and function in nonparenting adults. A total of 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Results showed adult attachment patterns of nonparenting adults are pervasively correlated with brain structure and function, with most associations observed in executive regions, followed by affective and reward processing. Notably, no studies found associations between attachment pattern and stress response, in contrast with studies of mothers. These brain regions are linked to the many behavioral, mood and substance abuse disorders observed in adults with insecure attachment patterns. Nurses can use these findings to help prevent, assess and address these health risks in nonparenting adults, as well as provide the brain-based evidence to support the utility of nursing interventions designed to further promote healthy parent–child relationships and secure parent–child attachment.
Dandy-Walker Malformation With Concomitant Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum as Investigated by Neonatal Sonography
Authors: Gaffney Rachel E. , Fisher Kelsy L.
Published: March 2017

Dandy-Walker malformation and agenesis of the corpus callosum, although uncommon among all births, are commonly seen in association with one another due to the malformations’ effects on the central nervous system. Obstetric sonographers are likely familiar with the typical appearance of these abnormalities in utero, as sonography is routinely used to detect such congenital anomalies prenatally. However, sonography also plays a valuable role in the postnatal follow-up evaluation of the brain and other body systems affected by Dandy-Walker malformation and its associated abnormalities, thus making it imperative for all sonographers to be familiar with their postnatal sonographic appearance. The case presented demonstrates the use of neonatal sonography to evaluate and follow a case of Dandy-Walker malformation with associated agenesis of the corpus callosum that was originally diagnosed by prenatal sonography. The purpose of this case study is to highlight the pathologies and their coexistence, demonstrate their neonatal sonographic characteristics, exhibit corresponding magnetic resonance imaging appearance, and provide guidance for future patient cases.
Lung volume recruitment acutely increases respiratory system compliance in individuals with severe respiratory muscle weakness
Authors: Molgat-Seon Yannick , Hannan Liam M. , Dominelli Paolo B. , Peters Carli M. , Fougere Renee J. , McKim Douglas A. , Sheel A. William , Road Jeremy D.
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present study was to determine whether lung volume recruitment (LVR) acutely increases respiratory system compliance (Crs) in individuals with severe respiratory muscle weakness (RMW).

Individuals with RMW resulting from neuromuscular disease or quadriplegia (n=12) and healthy controls (n=12) underwent pulmonary function testing and the measurement ofCrsat baseline, immediately after, 1 h after and 2 h after a single standardised session of LVR. The LVR session involved 10 consecutive supramaximal lung inflations with a manual resuscitation bag to the highest tolerable mouth pressure or a maximum of 50 cmH2O. Each LVR inflation was followed by brief breath-hold and a maximal expiration to residual volume.

At baseline, individuals with RMW had lowerCrsthan controls (37±5 cmH2Oversus109±10 mL·cmH2O−1, p<0.001). Immediately after LVR,Crsincreased by 39.5±9.8% to 50±7 mL·cmH2O−1in individuals with RMW (p<0.05), while no significant change occurred in controls (p=0.23). At 1 h and 2 h post-treatment, there were no within-group differences inCrscompared to baseline (all p>0.05). LVR had no significant effect on measures of pulmonary function at any time point in either group (all p>0.05). During inflations, mean arterial pressure decreased significantly relative to baseline by 10.4±2.8 mmHg and 17.3±3.0 mmHg in individuals with RMW and controls, respectively (both p<0.05).

LVR acutely increasesCrsin individuals with RMW. However, the high airway pressures during inflations cause reductions in mean arterial pressure that should be considered when applying this technique.
Simultaneous inversion of multiple microseismic data for event locations and velocity model with Bayesian inference
Authors: Zhang Zhishuai , Rector James W. , Nava Michael J.
Published: March 2017

We have applied Bayesian inference for simultaneous inversion of multiple microseismic data to obtain event locations along with the subsurface velocity model. The traditional method of using a predetermined velocity model for event location may be subject to large uncertainties, particularly if the prior velocity model is poor. Our study indicated that microseismic data can help to construct the velocity model, which is usually a major source of uncertainty in microseismic event locations. The simultaneous inversion eliminates the requirement for an accurate predetermined velocity model in microseismic event location estimation. We estimate the posterior probability density of the velocity model and microseismic event locations with the maximum a posteriori estimation, and the posterior covariance approximation under the Gaussian assumption. This provides an efficient and effective way to quantify the uncertainty of the microseismic location estimation and capture the correlation between the velocity model and microseismic event locations. We have developed successful applications on both synthetic examples and real data from the Newberry enhanced geothermal system. Comparisons with location results based on a traditional predetermined velocity model method demonstrated that we can construct a reliable effective velocity model using only microseismic data and determine microseismic event locations without prior knowledge of the velocity model.
What can machine learning do for seismic data processing? An interpolation application
Authors: Jia Yongna , Ma Jianwei
Published: March 2017

Machine learning (ML) systems can automatically mine data sets for hidden features or relationships. Recently, ML methods have become increasingly used within many scientific fields. We have evaluated common applications of ML, and then we developed a novel method based on the classic ML method of support vector regression (SVR) for reconstructing seismic data from under-sampled or missing traces. First, the SVR method mines a continuous regression hyperplane from training data that indicates the hidden relationship between input data with missing traces and output completed data, and then it interpolates missing seismic traces for other input data by using the learned hyperplane. The key idea of our new ML method is significantly different from that of many previous interpolation methods. Our method depends on the characteristics of the training data, rather than the assumptions of linear events, sparsity, or low rank. Therefore, it can break out the previous assumptions or constraints and show universality to different data sets. In addition, our method dramatically reduces the manual workload; for example, it allows users to avoid selecting the window size parameters, as is required for methods based on the assumption of linear events. The ML method facilitates intelligent interpolation between data sets with similar geomorphological structures, which can significantly reduce costs in engineering applications. Furthermore, we combine a sparse transform called the data-driven tight frame (so-called compressed learning) with the SVR method to improve the training performance, in which the training is implemented in a sparse coefficient domain rather than in the data domain. Numerical experiments show the competitive performance of our method in comparison with the traditional [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] interpolation method.
On firing an air gun very shallow
Authors: Amundsen Lasse , Westerdahl Harald , Pedersen Åsmund Sjøen , Thompson Mark , Landrø Martin
Published: March 2017

Recently, two of the authors asked the question “Is it optimal to tow air guns shallow to enhance low frequencies?” By combining recordings of signatures from sources deployed at depths from 3 to 20 m, they concluded that for an air gun array with sources at several depths, more low frequencies would be introduced into the source signature. We have found the significant and notable additional experimental result that firing a [Formula: see text] air gun at approximately 1.3 m in depth gives a broadband signature with low and high frequencies and with notable downgoing amplitude strength. The experiment was not dedicated to the 1.3 m gun depth test, and only one shot was fired at this depth. Nevertheless, we found that the air gun at approximately 1 m depth produces significantly low frequencies less than 2 Hz compared with the guns fired deeper. We suggest that very shallow firing of large volume guns is of interest for VSPs as well as for site surveys due to the high frequencies that are generated and the almost bubble free signature.
Behind a Pane of Glass: Collective Memory in Woolf’s Interwar London
Authors: Yoon Irene
Published: March 2017

This essay demonstrates how Virginia Woolf negotiates problems of temporal, spatial, and intersubjective distance through the modern—and increasingly transparent—landscape of interwar London. Through readings of “A Sketch of the Past” and Mrs. Dalloway, I argue that the perceptual oscillation between surface and depth glass affords as both medium and metaphor is particularly central to Woolf’s conceptualization of memory. While Woolf may have shared her contemporaries’ anti-Victorian fascination with “pure” surfaces (embodied architecturally in glass) and the solitary insight such surfaces might offer, her own evocations of glass nuance modernism’s relation to its antecedents and illuminate her investments in the problem and necessity of reckoning with others as we seek our individual pasts. Situated between two world wars and two glass cultures, Woolf offers a complex and tempered consideration of how the illusion of transparency invites connection to other times, places, and people—and just as readily forecloses it.
The king of snakes: performance and morphology of intraguild predators (Lampropeltis) and their prey (Pantherophis)
Authors: Penning David A. , Moon Brad R.
Published: March 2017

Across ecosystems and trophic levels, predators are usually larger than their prey, and when trophic morphology converges, predators typically avoid predation on intraguild competitors unless the prey is notably smaller in size. However, a currently unexplained exception occurs in kingsnakes in the genus Lampropeltis. Kingsnakes are able to capture, constrict and consume other snakes that are not only larger than themselves but that are also powerful constrictors (such as ratsnakes in the genus Pantherophis). Their mechanisms of success as intraguild predators on other constrictors remain unknown. To begin addressing these mechanisms, we studied the scaling of muscle cross-sectional area, pulling force and constriction pressure across the ontogeny of six species of snakes (Lampropeltis californiae, L. getula, L. holbrooki, Pantherophis alleghaniensis, P. guttatus and P. obsoletus). Muscle cross-sectional area is an indicator of potential force production, pulling force is an indicator of escape performance, and constriction pressure is a measure of prey-handling performance. Muscle cross-sectional area scaled similarly for all snakes, and there was no significant difference in maximum pulling force among species. However, kingsnakes exerted significantly higher pressures on their prey than ratsnakes. The similar escape performance among species indicates that kingsnakes win in predatory encounters because of their superior constriction performance, not because ratsnakes have inferior escape performance. The superior constriction performance by kingsnakes results from their consistent and distinctive coil posture and perhaps from additional aspects of muscle structure and function that need to be tested in future research.
Geographic divergence and colour change in response to visual backgrounds and illumination intensity in bearded dragons
Authors: Cadena Viviana , Smith Kathleen R. , Endler John A. , Stuart-Fox Devi
Published: March 2017

Animals may improve camouflage by both dynamic colour change and local evolutionary adaptation of colour but we have little understanding of their relative importance in colour-changing species. We tested for differences in colour change in response to background colour and light intensity in two populations of central bearded dragon lizards (Pogona vitticeps) representing the extremes in body coloration and geographical range. We found that bearded dragons change colour in response to various backgrounds and that colour change is affected by illumination intensity. Within-individual colour change was similar in magnitude in the two populations but varied between backgrounds. However, at the endpoints of colour change, each population showed greater similarity to backgrounds that were representative of the local habitat compared with the other population, indicating local adaptation to visual backgrounds. Our results suggest that even in species that change colour, both phenotypic plasticity and geographic divergence of coloration may contribute to improved camouflage.
Swimming and diving energetics in dolphins: a stroke-by-stroke analysis for predicting the cost of flight responses in wild odontocetes
Authors: Williams Terrie M. , Kendall Traci L. , Richter Beau P. , Ribeiro-French Courtney R. , John Jason S. , Odell Kim L. , Losch Barbara A. , Feuerbach David A. , Stamper M. Andrew
Published: March 2017

Exponential increases in hydrodynamic drag and physical exertion occur when swimmers move quickly through water, and underlie the preference for relatively slow routine speeds by marine mammals regardless of body size. Because of this and the need to balance limited oxygen stores when submerged, flight (escape) responses may be especially challenging for this group. To examine this, we used open-flow respirometry to measure the energetic cost of producing a swimming stroke during different levels of exercise in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). These data were then used to model the energetic cost of high-speed escape responses by other odontocetes ranging in mass from 42 to 2738 kg. The total cost per stroke during routine swimming by dolphins, 3.31±0.20 J kg−1 stroke−1, was doubled during maximal aerobic performance. A comparative analysis of locomotor costs (LC; in J kg−1 stroke−1), representing the cost of moving the flukes, revealed that LC during routine swimming increased with body mass (M) for odontocetes according to LC=1.46±0.0005M; a separate relationship described LC during high-speed stroking. Using these relationships, we found that continuous stroking coupled with reduced glide time in response to oceanic noise resulted in a 30.5% increase in metabolic rate in the beaked whale, a deep-diving odontocete considered especially sensitive to disturbance. By integrating energetics with swimming behavior and dive characteristics, this study demonstrates the physiological consequences of oceanic noise on diving mammals, and provides a powerful tool for predicting the biological significance of escape responses by cetaceans facing anthropogenic disturbances.
An Experience-based Collaborative Service System Model
Authors: Atiq Arzoo , Gardner Lesley , Srinivasan Ananth
Published: March 2017

Our aim in this paper is to develop a specialized model of service engagement in the design of services. We build on some widely accepted constructions of service science that have appeared in the literature to produce a model that is relevant and useful in our context: technology-enabled services. We do this by conducting a field study in the telecommunications industry in a developing economy. We believe that this context is important to study due to the rapidly increasing rate of design and delivery of such services in emerging economies. By integrating existing frameworks and incorporating the results from our own findings, we present an experience-based service system model that explicitly includes consumer participation in the service design process. The main outcome of our data analysis is the characterization of the multidimensional nature of services based on three different ontological frameworks from the literature. Our model of service engagement does not devalue any of the earlier models; however, it provides a holistic understanding of services research especially around interactions and technology-enabled service design. Our model has the potential to advance service science research in an integrated and applied manner.
Determining Service Value: Exploring the Link Between Value Creation and Service Evaluation
Authors: Foglieni Francesca , Holmlid Stefan
Published: March 2017

Starting from the evolution of the service-dominant logic and critiques emerging from this, the purpose of this paper is to explore the link between value creation and service evaluation in order to understand what can be evaluated in a service, when and from which perspective, to ascertain its value.

Even though in theory of service logic there is a quite clear understanding of service value creation dynamics, a reflection is missing on how to measure that value. The authors thus take on the concept of service evaluation as a further development of service logic, introducing a possible way to approach it.

Bridging service logic studies and evaluation studies in the field of social sciences, this paper identifies temporal aspects of service evaluation, and possible evaluation objects and objectives that are meaningful for the service provider in value-facilitation activities and for the service user in value-creation activities. A framework is developed and some considerations are done upon shifting the reflection on value creation from theory to an evaluation practice.
Brand Experience and Emotional Attachment in Services: The Moderating Role of Gender
Authors: Khan Imran , Rahman Zillur
Published: March 2017

Studies have acknowledged the importance of providing superior brand experience and developing emotional attachment between a brand and a consumer. However, the significance of brand experience and emotional attachment in enhancing brand loyalty remains underexplored, especially in the context of service brands. The present study examines the effect of emotional attachment and brand experience on brand loyalty in banking services. This study also examines the role of gender as a moderator in the relations that emotional attachment and brand experience share with brand loyalty. Data were collected from 356 bank account users through an online questionnaire survey. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used for data analysis. Results suggest that brand experience positively influenced emotional attachment, and that both brand experience and emotional attachment have a significant positive influence on brand loyalty. Results also suggest that gender moderates the relationships shared by emotional attachment and brand experience with brand loyalty. This study empirically establishes that marketers should consider not only the rational aspect of consumers, but also their emotional aspects. To address such emotional needs, it is crucial to provide pleasurable brand experiences and develop emotional attachment within customers toward the brand. The relationships examined in the present study have not been tested before; this is the first attempt of the kind. Thus, the associations established in this study form an important, original, and unique contribution to existing body of brand experience and emotional attachment literature.
A ‘non’ that became a yes: David Shields’ Reality Hunger and the punk germ in the new literary nonfiction
Authors: Strahan Lucinda
Published: March 2017

In his literary manifesto Reality Hunger, David Shields refers to an emerging movement of ‘reality-based art’ whose characteristics include ‘a deliberate unartiness, “raw” material, seemingly unprocessed, unfiltered, uncensored, and unprofessional […] Randomness, openness to accident and serendipity, spontaneity; artistic risk, emotional urgency and intensity’. This grab-bag of anti-art processes and aesthetics is part of an ‘as-yet-unstated’ contemporary literary mood urgently needed, Shields argues, to refresh the moribund star-machine that is literary culture. In its ‘hunger’ for something more ‘real’ in literature, Shields’ manifesto speaks clearly to punk sensibilities without ever saying ‘punk’. This article will trace the unstated affinity between Reality Hunger and punk processes, aesthetics and attitude, and in the process uncover an angry punk germ in the burgeoning movement of contemporary nonfiction writing to which Reality Hunger speaks directly. In doing so, it will contribute a new strand of enquiry to the question of how we understand and define punk literature, opening these questions onto the territory of literary nonfiction.
Aplicação da modelagem e simulação nos sistemas de filas m/m/s- entendendo a natureza da simulação
Authors: Pereira Marina Meireles , Dantas Maria José Pereira
Published: March 2017

A Simulação se tornou uma abordagem de estudo utilizada em aplicações diversas, dentro da Engenharia. A simulação é a representação do comportamento de um processo real por meio de um modelo experimental, com o objetivo de avaliar o funcionamento deste e buscar melhorias em seu desempenho. A aplicação da simulação é de grande interesse se o problema em questão não é tão simples e requer uma modelagem mais realista. Este artigo propõe uma discussão que tem como pano de fundo a comparação entre Métodos Analíticos e Métodos Numéricos. Os métodos analíticos são aplicados a filas do tipo M/M/s com o objetivo de demonstrar aos alunos de Engenharia, de maneira intuitiva e razoavelmente simples e rápida, que as soluções obtidas pela abordagem de simulação são aproximadas e mais confiáveis quando se entende a natureza da simulação. A parte experimental utiliza o software Microsoft Excel para demonstrar questões importantes, como o tempo de aquecimento para obtenção do regime estável e número de replicações da simulação. São mostrados experimentos em que os valores da simulação convergem para os valores teóricos somente após um tempo grande de simulação. E que as replicações sempre apresentam variabilidade e os resultados de saída devem ser tratados estatisticamente.
ANALISIS LAHAN KRITIS DAN ARAHAN REHABILITASI LAHAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN KENDAL JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Indrihastuti Dinik , Murtilaksono Kukuh , Tjahjono Boedi
Published: March 2017

The impact of critical land create reduction quality of soil characteristics, which can interfere with the function of conservation, production, economic, and social life of the community. The objectives of this research are to analyzing and mapping of critical land, reviewing relevance of critical land distribution to the spatial pattern and making direction of rehabilitation in regional development in Kendal. The analytical methode which is used in this study were selecting parameters of critical land  and overlay using GIS to map the distribution of critical land. The result of this research is the critical land area in modification parameter is 34.317,87 ha, and parameter of P. 4/V-Set/2013 is 19.535,96 ha. General direction for land rehabilitation is vegetative conservation activity and technical civil conservation for erosion and sedimentation control. Direction for regional development in forest area is to develop PHBM through activity of agroforestry, community forest, ecotourism and medicinal plant cultivation in the forest. Direction on the farm cultivation area, especially on abandoned land and yards, is by optimization of community forest, by planting activities using perennials plant, MTPS and fruits plant, to control critical land, soil conservation and water management as well as increase community incomes by selling products from community forests.
Truth inference in crowdsourcing
Authors: Zheng Yudian , Li Guoliang , Li Yuanbing , Shan Caihua , Cheng Reynold
Published: March 2017

Crowdsourcing has emerged as a novel problem-solving paradigm, which facilitates addressing problems that are hard for computers, e.g., entity resolution and sentiment analysis. However, due to the openness of crowdsourcing, workers may yield low-quality answers, and a redundancy-based method is widely employed, which first assigns each task to multiple workers and then infers the correct answer (calledtruth) for the task based on the answers of the assigned workers. A fundamental problem in this method isTruth Inference, which decides how to effectively infer the truth. Recently, the database community and data mining community independently study this problem and propose various algorithms. However, these algorithms are not compared extensively under the same framework and it is hard for practitioners to select appropriate algorithms. To alleviate this problem, we provide a detailed survey on 17 existing algorithms and perform a comprehensive evaluation using 5 real datasets. We make all codes and datasets public for future research. Through experiments we find that existing algorithms are not stable across different datasets and there is no algorithm that outperforms others consistently. We believe that the truth inference problem is not fully solved, and identify the limitations of existing algorithms and point out promising research directions.
KBQA
Authors: Cui Wanyun , Xiao Yanghua , Wang Haixun , Song Yangqiu , Hwang Seung-won , Wang Wei
Published: March 2017

Question answering (QA) has become a popular way for humans to access billion-scale knowledge bases. Unlike web search, QA over a knowledge base gives out accurate and concise results, provided that natural language questions can be understood and mapped precisely to structured queries over the knowledge base. The challenge, however, is that a human can ask one question in many different ways. Previous approaches have natural limits due to their representations: rule based approaches only understand a small set of "canned" questions, while keyword based or synonym based approaches cannot fully understand the questions. In this paper, we design a new kind of question representation:
templates
, over a billion scale knowledge base and a million scale QA corpora. For example, for questions about a city's population, we learn templates such as What's the population of $city?, How many people are there in $city?. We learned 27 million templates for 2782 intents. Based on these templates, our QA system KBQA effectively supports binary factoid questions, as well as complex questions which are composed of a series of binary factoid questions. Furthermore, we expand predicates in RDF knowledge base, which boosts the coverage of knowledge base by 57 times. Our QA system beats all other state-of-art works on both effectiveness and efficiency over QALD benchmarks.
High performance transactions via early write visibility
Authors: Faleiro Jose M. , Abadi Daniel J. , Hellerstein Joseph M.
Published: March 2017

In order to guarantee recoverable transaction execution, database systems permit a transaction's writes to be observable only at the end of its execution. As a consequence, there is generally a delay between the time a transaction performs a write and the time later transactions are permitted to read it. This
delayed write visibility
can significantly impact the performance of serializable database systems by reducing concurrency among conflicting transactions.

This paper makes the observation that delayed write visibility stems from the fact that database systems can arbitrarily abort transactions at any point during their execution. Accordingly, we make the case for database systems which only abort transactions under a restricted set of conditions, thereby enabling a new recoverability mechanism,
early write visibility
, which safely makes transactions' writes visible prior to the end of their execution. We design a new serializable concurrency control protocol, piece-wise visibility (PWV), with the explicit goal of enabling early write visibility. We evaluate PWV against state-of-the-art serializable protocols and a highly optimized implementation of read committed, and find that PWV can outperform serializable protocols by an order of magnitude and read committed by 3X on high contention workloads.
Evidence for a histaminergic input from the ventral tuberomammillary nucleus to the solitary tract nucleus involved in arterial pressure regulation
Authors: Yamanaka Ko , Gouraud Sabine S. , Takagishi Miwa , Kohsaka Akira , Maeda Masanobu , Waki Hidefumi
Published: March 2017

The tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) of the posterior hypothalamus has a high density of histaminergic neurons, the projection fibers of which are present in many areas of the brain, including the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), which controls arterial pressure (AP). In this study, we investigated whether the TMN–NTS pathway is involved in central cardiovascular regulation. Bicuculline, a gamma‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antagonist, was microinjected into the ventral TMN of anesthetized rats and its effects on AP and heart rate (HR) were observed. We also evaluated the effect of cetirizine, an H1 receptor antagonist, microinjected into the NTS on cardiovascular responses induced by electrical stimulation of the TMN. Both AP and HR increased following bicuculline microinjection into the ventral TMN. Similar pressor and tachycardic responses were observed after electrical stimulation of the ventral TMN. Microinjection of cetirizine into the NTS partially inhibited the pressor response but had no effect on HR. Finally, the treadmill test was associated with a high level of c‐Fos expression in both ventral TMN and NTS neurons. These results suggest that the TMN–NTS pathway is involved in regulation of AP, presumably under a high‐arousal phase, such as that during exercise.
Extensive Copy Number Variation in Fermentation-Related Genes AmongSaccharomyces cerevisiaeWine Strains
Authors: Steenwyk Jacob , Rokas Antonis
Published: March 2017

Due to the importance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in wine-making, the genomic variation of wine yeast strains has been extensively studied. One of the major insights stemming from these studies is that wine yeast strains harbor low levels of genetic diversity in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genomic structural variants, such as copy number (CN) variants, are another major type of variation segregating in natural populations. To test whether genetic diversity in CN variation is also low across wine yeast strains, we examined genome-wide levels of CN variation in 132 whole-genome sequences of S. cerevisiae wine strains. We found an average of 97.8 CN variable regions (CNVRs) affecting ∼4% of the genome per strain. Using two different measures of CN diversity, we found that gene families involved in fermentation-related processes such as copper resistance (CUP), flocculation (FLO), and glucose metabolism (HXT), as well as the SNO gene family whose members are expressed before or during the diauxic shift, showed substantial CN diversity across the 132 strains examined. Importantly, these same gene families have been shown, through comparative transcriptomic and functional assays, to be associated with adaptation to the wine fermentation environment. Our results suggest that CN variation is a substantial contributor to the genomic diversity of wine yeast strains, and identify several candidate loci whose levels of CN variation may affect the adaptation and performance of wine yeast strains during fermentation.
Estimación de parámetros hidrodinámicos en un acuífero volcánico libre fracturado en Costa Rica. Parte I
Authors: Macías J. , Vargas Asdrubal , Frutos F.
Published: March 2017

En este trabajo se presenta una estimación del valor de los parámetros de transporte de solutos conservativos para un acuífero volcánico fracturado, obtenida a partir de la interpretación de tres ensayos de trazador inyectados como pulsos instantáneos y analizados por medio de modelos advectivos-dispersivos unidimensionales de porosidad simple. El trazador fue vertido en una perforación exploratoria, y simultáneamente se monitoreó la conductividad eléctrica en el fluido descargado por un manantial ubicado cerca del maar de la Laguna Hule, que abastece la comunidad de San Miguel de Sarapiquí. Los valores de conductividad eléctrica fueron transformados a concentración, para obtener así curvas de llegada del soluto hasta el manantial. Los resultados muestran un claro comportamiento asimétrico en la curva de concentración, típico de sistemas fracturados. Para el análisis de los ensayos de trazador se realizó un ajuste numérico entre la curva de concentración de campo (o curva de llegada) y la solución analítica advectiva-dispersiva para inyección instantánea. Esta solución no permitió reproducir la asimetría observada en los datos de campo, sin embargo permitió además de entender los mecanismos de transporte actuantes obtener valores de dispersividad los cuales se encuentran dentro del rango reportado en la literatura mundial.Debido a que las propiedades de flujo del acuífero no fueron caracterizadas explícitamente durante los ensayos de trazador, se calcularon los valores de conductividad hidráulica (k), velocidad de Darcy (vd) y la porosidad efectiva a partir de las velocidades de poro obtenidas en el ajuste de las curvas de llegada del soluto. Los valores obtenidos se encuentran dentro del rango de valores obtenidos por medio de ensayos de bombeo en otros acuíferos fracturados.
PENGARUH PROTEIN PAKAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP KOEFISIEN KECERNAAN NUTRIEN SERTA PERFORMANSI BIOLOGIS KERAPU MACAN, Epinephetus fuscoguttafus DALAM KERAMBA JARING APUNG
Authors: Laining Asda , Kabangnga Naftali , Usman Usman
Published: March 2017

Penelitian untuk mengetahui kebutuhan protein pakan optimal dan pengaruhnya terhadap nilai kecernaan serta respon biologi ikan kerapu macan telah dilakukan di kerimba jiring apung.
POLA PENYERAPAN NUTRISI ENDOGEN DAN PERKEMBANGAN MORFOLOGIS PADA STADIA AWAL LARVA IKAN NAPOLEON (Cheilinus undulatusl
Authors: Imanto Philip Teguh , Melianawati Regina , Slamet Bejo
Published: March 2017

Penefitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas penyerapan nutrisi endogenous dan waktu terjadinya kelengkapan morfologis larva ikan napoleon stadia awal.
Implementation of a Learning Management System for Medical Students: A Case Study of Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College
Authors: Tibyampansha Dativa , Ibrahim Glory , Kapanda Gibson , Tarimo Chrispina , Minja Amani , Kulanga Ahaz , Muiruri Charles , Mteta Kien , Kessy Egbert , Bartlett John
Published: March 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Learning Management Systems (LMS) are powerful tools for the organization and presentation of curricular learning materials, for monitoring of student and faculty members performance, and for overall quality control. However, there is limited evidence regarding the acceptance and performance of LMS in Africa. This manuscript describes the implementation, the outcomes, and the challenges of the first five years of a LMS at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo). The LMS has been fully adopted into KCMUCo curriculum and deployed to 1356 students. It has been demonstrated to enhance learning with strength of consensus measure of 84% for basic sciences and 78% for clinical classes. 80% of faculty members have been satisfied with the use of LMS. Electronic assessment has become an obligatory platform for theory examinations. LMS adoption may improve education outcomes at other medical schools in Tanzania and sub-Saharan Africa.
Thyroid volume in patients with glucose metabolism disorders
Authors: Duran Ayse Ocak , Anil Cuneyd , Gursoy Alptekin , Nar Aslı , Inanc Mevlude , Bozkurt Oktay , Tutuncu Neslihan Bascil
Published: March 2017

Objective Thyroid volume and the prevalence of thyroid nodules are higher in patients with insulin resistance. A relationship between thyroid volume and glucose metabolism disorders (GMD) has not as yet been clarified. The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the association between GMD and thyroid volume. Subjects and methods: We investigated the data of 2,630 patients who were evaluated for thyroid biopsy in our hospital. The study population included 602 patients with GMD, 554 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 1,474 patients with normal glucose metabolism as a control group. We obtained the levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the thyroid volumes of those patients retrospectively. Results The median ages for the control group, GMD group and DM group were 55 (15‐91) years, 60 (27‐97) years, and 65 (27‐91) years respectively and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to age and gender (p<0.001). Levels of TSH were similar in all groups. The median total thyroid volumes for patients with DM and GMD were significantly higher than that of the control group [22.5 (3‐202) mL, 20.2 (4‐190) mL, and 19.2 (3‐168) mL respectively, p≤0.001 for all parameters]. Also the median total thyroid volume for patients with DM was significantly higher than that of the GMD group (p<0.001). According to the correlation analysis, thyroid volume was significantly correlated with age (r=0.92, p<0.001) and TSH (r=0.435, p<0.001). Age, gender, TSH levels, GMD and DM diagnosis were independently correlated with thyroid volume. Conclusion The thyroid gland is one of the target tissues of metabolic disorders. We reported a positive correlation between GMD/type 2 DM and thyroid volume. Further controlled, prospective, randomized studies on this subject are required to gain more information.
Application of indocyanine green video angiography in surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Pahl Felix Hendrik , Oliveira Matheus Fernandes de , Brock Roger Schmidt , Lucio José Erasmo Dal’Col
Published: March 2017

Indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography has been used for several medical indications in the last decades. It allows a real time evaluation of vascular structures during the surgery. This study describes the surgical results of a senior vascular neurosurgeon. We retrospectively searched our database for all aneurysm cases treated with the aid of intraoperative ICG from 2009 to 2014. A total of 61 aneurysms in 56 patients were surgically clipped using intraoperative ICG. Clip reposition after ICG happened in 2 patients (3.2%). Generally, highly variable clip adjustment rates of 2%–38% following ICG have been reported since the introduction of this imaging technique. The application of ICG in vascular neurosurgery is still an emerging challenge. It is an adjunctive strategy which facilitates aneurismal evaluation and treatment in experienced hands. Nevertheless, a qualified vascular neurosurgeon is still the most important component of a high quality work.
Effect of the supplementation linseed oil, inulin and horse chestnut into a high fat diet on the fatty acid profile of pigs
Authors: Brestenský Matej , Nitrayová Soňa , Patráš Peter , Heger Jaroslav , Nitray Jozef
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT: In the present study it was evaluated the effect of the addition of linseed oil, inulin and horse chestnut added to a high fat (HF) diet on the content of fatty acids (FAs) in musculuss longissimus dorsi (MLD) of pigs. A 5d with adaptation period was followed by a 70 d experimental period, during which the pigs were fed with a HF basal diet. The HF basal diet which served as a control (group CG) was supplemented either with linseed oil (group LG) or with inulin and horse chestnut (group IG). All of the pigs were slaughtered at the end of the experiment and samples of MLD were taken for FA analysis. The concentration of α-linolenic acid in MLD of the LG group was 58 % and 61 % higher (P˂0.05) compared to CG and IG groups, respectively. The content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was 0.03 and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 0.07 in LG treatment. These FAs were not detected in CG and IG. The ratio of MUFA and PUFA n-6/n-3 in the MLD was the lowest (P˂0.05) in the LG (8.84) compared to CG (14.07) or IG (14.74) groups, representing a difference of 31.2%. The n-3/saturated FA ratio was highest (P˂0.05) in LG group (0.04) when compared to CG and IG groups (0.02). The supplementation of linseed oil, into the HF diet resulted in a higher concentration of α-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA and lower ratio of n-6/n-3 FA in MLD. Inulin and horse chestnut had no effect on FA profile of MLD.
Prevalência e fatores associados à presença de anemia em idosos do município de Viçosa (MG), Brasil
Authors: Milagres Clarice Santana , Moraes Keila Bacelar Duarte de , Franceschini Sylvia Carmo Castro , Sant’Ana Luciana Ferreira Rocha , Lima Luciana Moreira , Ribeiro Andréia Queiroz
Published: March 2017

Resumo A anemia é o problema hematológico mais comum encontrado na população idosa. Com objetivo de avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à anemia em idosos no município de Viçosa (MG), foi realizado um estudo transversal, de base populacional. Os dados foram coletados de junho a dezembro de 2009, mediante inquérito domiciliar e realização de exames bioquímicos em 349 idosos. A prevalência de anemia foi de 11,7% (IC95% 8,3%-15,1%) e mostrou-se mais elevada entre os homens (15,4%), entre idosos com 80 anos e mais (30,0%) e naqueles que praticavam polifarmácia (16,8%). Os resultados evidenciaram determinantes de anemia semelhantes ao observado em países desenvolvidos. A real necessidade da polifarmácia deve ser avaliada na atenção à saúde dos idosos, com vistas a prevenir iatrogenias, dentre as quais a anemia está incluída.
Associação entre consumo alimentar, atividade física, fatores socioeconômicos e percentual de gordura corporal em escolares
Authors: D’Avila Gisele Liliam , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de
Published: March 2017

Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi verificar a associação entre consumo alimentar, atividade física, fatores socioeconômicos e percentual de gordura corporal em escolares de 7 a 14 anos de idade. Estudo transversal realizado com amostra probabilística de 2481 escolares matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. O percentual de gordura corporal foi investigado por meio das dobras cutâneas do tríceps e subescapular. Foram realizadas análises brutas e ajustadas por meio da regressão de Poisson, estimando-se razões de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95%. A prevalência do excesso de gordura corporal foi de 23,9%, não apresentando diferença significativa entre sexo (p = 0,359) e idade (p = 0,202). A gordura corporal associou-se a diferentes fatores nos escolares de 11 a 14 anos: consumir menos que 3 refeições ao dia (RP = 1,62; IC: 1,38-1,91) e alimento de risco mais que 3 vezes ao dia (RP = 0,61; IC: 0,47-0,79). Não foi observada diferença significativa com atividade física. A elevada prevalência de excesso de gordura corporal verificada evidencia a necessidade de estímulo à adoção de práticas comportamentais mais saudáveis (em relação à alimentação e à atividade física) pelos escolares.
Improvement the nutritional status of pre-school children following intervention with a supplement containing iron, zinc, copper, vitamin A, vitamin C and prebiotic
Authors: Castro Luiza Carla Vidigal ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil, Costa Neuza Maria Brunoro , Sant’Anna Helena Maria Pinheiro , Ferreira Célia Lucia de Luces Fortes , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo de Castro ,   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brasil,   UFV, Brasil
Published: March 2017

Abstract This study investigated the effects of a vitamin and mineral fortified powder product supplemented with inulin, on the iron and vitamin A status of 110 pre-schools childrens in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The 2 to 5-year-old children were submitted to anthropometric (weight and height), biochemical (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume – MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin - MCH, serum iron, ferritin and serum retinol) and dietary (direct food weighing, 24 h recall, and food intake record) evaluations, at the beginning and at the end of a 45-day intervention. The supplement (30 g) was provided daily as part of the afternoon snack, diluted in 100 mL of water, 5 times/week and it supplied 30% of the recommended daily doses of iron, zinc, copper and vitamins A and C. Dietary and biochemical data was compared by the Wilcoxon test, and anthropometric data by the paired t-test. Values of z-scores for weight and height, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH and ferritin were significantly higher after intervention; no change was observed in serum retinol. The prebiotic-containing supplement significantly increased the intake of energy, macro and micronutrients, and was effective in improving the iron and anthropometric status.
O uso do Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT): uma revisão integrativa e proposta de atualização
Authors: D’Avila Otávio Pereira , Pinto Luiz Felipe da Silva , Hauser Lisiane , Gonçalves Marcelo Rodrigues , Harzheim Erno
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este estudo propõe a realização de uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir de artigos e publicações sobre o uso do “Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT)” como instrumento de avaliação desses serviços, discutindo os resultados encontrados no Brasil e em outros países do mundo, a partir da matriz inicial concebida pela equipe da Professora Bárbara Starfield e propor atualizações para a versão brasileira. Identificaram-se 124 trabalhos; porém, após a leitura dos mesmos, foram selecionados 42, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Deste subtotal, 17 (40,5%) foram estudos brasileiros. Sugere-se a necessidade da atualização de itens de cada atributo do instrumento, em particular do “acesso – primeiro contato”, incluindo novas formas de comunicação médico-paciente como: e-mail, mensagens por aplicativos em dispositivos móveis, uso de software de transmissão de vídeo para comunicação e mesmo utilização de telemedicina, entre outros. O PCAT apresenta simplicidade quanto ao uso, aplicação e cálculo dos escores, o que o torna útil e adequado para uso na gestão local dos serviços, especialmente em suas versões reduzidas em número de itens.