bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radio spectral index distribution of SDSS-FIRST sources across optical diagnostic diagrams
Authors: Zajaček Michal , Busch Gerold , Valencia-S. Mónica , Eckart Andreas , Britzen Silke , Fuhrmann Lars , Schneeloch Jana , Fazeli Nastaran , Harrington Kevin C. , Zensus J. Anton
Published: September 2019

Context. The empirical relations between supermassive black holes and their host spheroids point towards the crucial role of galactic nuclei in affecting the properties of their hosts. A detailed understanding of how the activity of a galactic nucleus regulates the growth of its host is still missing.

Aims. To understand the activity and the types of accretion of supermassive black holes in different hosts, it is essential to study the radio-optical properties of a large sample of extragalactic sources. In particular, we aim to study the radio spectral index trends across the optical emission line diagnostic diagrams to search for potential (anti)correlations.

Methods. To this goal, we combined flux densities from the radio FIRST survey at 1.4 GHz (with the flux density range 10 mJy ≤ F1.4 ≤ 100 mJy) for 396 SDSS sources at intermediate redshift (0.04 ≤ z ≤ 0.4) with the Effelsberg radiotelescope measurements at 4.85 GHz and 10.45 GHz. The information about the optical emission-line ratios is obtained from the SDSS-DR7 catalogue.

Results. Using the Effelsberg data, we were able to infer the two-point radio spectral index distributions for star-forming galaxies, composite galaxies (with a combined contribution to the line emission from the star formation and AGN activity), Seyferts, and low ionization narrow emission region (LINER) galaxies.

Conclusions. While studying the distribution of steep, flat, and inverted sources across optical diagnostic diagrams, we found three distinct classes of radio emitters for our sample: (i) sources with a steep radio index, high ionization ratio, and high radio loudness, (ii) sources with a flat radio index, lower ionization ratio, and intermediate radio loudness, (iii) sources with an inverted radio index, low ionization ratio, and low radio loudness. The classes (i), (ii), and (iii) cluster mainly along the transition from Seyfert to LINER sources in the optical diagnostic (Baldwin, Phillips & Telervich; BPT) diagram. We interpret these groups as a result of the recurrent nuclear-jet activity.
Pulsations, eruptions, and evolution of four yellow hypergiants
Authors: van Genderen A. M. , Lobel A. , Nieuwenhuijzen H. , Henry G. W. , de Jager C. , Blown E. , Di Scala G. , van Ballegoij E. J.
Published: September 2019

Aims. We aim to explore the variable photometric and stellar properties of four yellow hypergiants (YHGs), HR 8752, HR 5171A, ρ Cas, and HD 179821, and their pulsations of hundreds of days, and long-term variations (LTVs) of years. We also aim to explore light and colour curves for characteristics betraying evolutionary loops and eruptive episodes and to investigate trends of quasi-periods and the possible need for distance revisions.

Methods. We tackled multi-colour and visual photometric data sets, looked for photometric indications betraying eruptions or enhanced mass-loss episodes, calculated stellar properties mainly using a previously published temperature calibration, and investigated the nature of LTVs and their influence on quasi-periods and stellar properties.

Results. Based on driven one-zone stellar oscillation models, the pulsations can be characterised as “weakly chaotic”. The BV photometry revealed a high-opacity layer in the atmospheres. When the temperature rises the mass loss increases as well, consequently, as the density of the high-opacity layer. As a result, the absorption in B and V grow. The absorption in B, presumably of the order of one to a few 0.m 1, is always higher than in V. This difference renders redder and variable (B − V) colour indexes, but the absorption law is unknown. This property of YHGs is unpredictable and explains why spectroscopic temperatures (reddening independent) are always higher than photometric ones, but the difference decreases with the temperature. A new (weak) eruption of ρ Cas has been identified. We propose shorter distances for ρ Cas and HR 5171A than the accepted ones. Therefore, a correction to decrease the blue luminescence of HR 5171A by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules is necessary, and HR 5171A would no longer be a member of the cluster Gum48d. HR 5171A is only subject to one source of light variation, not by two as the literature suggests. Eruptive episodes (lasting one to two years), of YHGs prefer relatively cool circumstances when a red evolutionary loop (RL) has shifted the star to the red on the HR diagram. After the eruption, a blue loop evolution (BL) is triggered lasting one to a few decades. We claim that in addition to HR 8752, also the other three YHGs have shown similar cycles over the last 70 years. This supports the suspicion that HD 179821 might be a YHG (with a possible eruptive episode between 1925 and 1960). The range in temperature of these cyclic Teff variations is 3000 K–4000 K. LTVs mainly consist of such BL and RL evolutions, which are responsible for a decrease and increase, respectively, of the quasi-periods. The reddening episode of HR 5171A between 1960 and 1974 was most likely due to a red loop evolution, and the reddening after the 1975 eruption was likely due to a shell ejection, taking place simultaneously with a blue loop evolution.
Resonant absorption in expanding coronal magnetic flux tubes with uniform density
Authors: Howson T. A. , De Moortel I. , Antolin P. , Van Doorsselaere T. , Wright A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aims.We investigate the transfer of energy between a fundamental standing kink mode and azimuthal Alfvén waves within an expanding coronal magnetic flux tube. We consider the process of resonant absorption in a loop with a non-uniform Alfvén frequency profile but in the absence of a radial density gradient.

Methods.Using the three dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code, Lare3d, we modelled a transversely oscillating magnetic flux tube that expands radially with height. An initially straight loop structure with a magnetic field enhancement was allowed to relax numerically towards a force-free state before a standing kink mode was introduced. The subsequent dynamics, rate of wave damping and formation of small length scales are considered.

Results.We demonstrate that the transverse gradient in Alfvén frequency required for the existence of resonant field lines can be associated with the expansion of a high field-strength flux tube from concentrated flux patches in the lower solar atmosphere. This allows for the conversion of energy between wave modes even in the absence of the transverse density profile typically assumed in wave heating models. As with standing modes in straight flux tubes, small scales are dominated by the vorticity at the loop apex and by currents close to the loop foot points. The azimuthal Alfvén wave exhibits the structure of the expanded flux tube and is therefore associated with smaller length scales close to the foot points of the flux tube than at the loop apex.

Conclusions.Resonant absorption can proceed throughout the coronal volume, even in the absence of visible, dense, loop structures. The flux tube and MHD waves considered are difficult to observe and our model highlights how estimating hidden wave power within the Sun’s atmosphere can be problematic. We highlight that, for standing modes, the global properties of field lines are important for resonant absorption and coronal conditions at a single altitude will not fully determine the nature of MHD resonances. In addition, we provide a new model in partial response to the criticism that wave heating models cannot self-consistently generate or sustain the density profile upon which they typically rely.
Developing a social media strategy for R&D in energy efficiency – a case study in progress
Authors: Bartlmae Elmar , Arboledas-Lérida Luis , Höppner Natalie
Published: September 2019

Social Media platforms are increasingly receiving attention from scholars, as they are presumed to be both useful tools for undertaking professional assignments and a medium for engaging with large audiences and communities, within and outside academia. Additionally, these novel practices online need proper assessment and evaluation procedures. This paper aims to address the possibilities and challenges for niche research and development (R&D) projects in communicating their research via social media. The authors applied a seven-step social media strategy to an ongoing energy efficiency case study and discuss an online tool for monitoring the respective impact on social media.
Increasing the share of RES in Polish district heating systems using power-to-heat technology
Authors: Kwestarz Małgorzata , Chaczykowski Maciej
Published: September 2019

The power systems in European Union operate under energy policies where the greenhouse gases reduction, the increase of the share of renewable energy sources (RES) and the improvements in energy efficiency are the main objectives. Polish energy sector is currently based on inefficient usage of coal and must be transformed according to the requirements of EU energy and climate policy. A policy framework for climate and energy in the period from 2020 to 2030 established the target of 27% of share of RES in energy consumption. With the continuing increase in the use of RES, it is likely that more and more generation will have to be curtailed to maintain the stability of the power system which was not originally designed to integrate renewable generation. In this context, the conversion of renewable electricity to heat in connection with its storage in district heating systems, known as Power-to-Heat (PtH) can be considered as a viable option in increasing the share of RES and facilitating the stability of the power system. In this paper an attempt is made to estimate the potential of PtH technology for Poland up to 2030, including the high RES share scenario for the energy mix development.
Alternative scenarios investigation of 1990..2016 CO2 emission from Public Electricity and Heat Production sectors in Europe
Authors: Niemierka Elżbieta , Jadwiszczak Piotr
Published: September 2019

Proposed alternatives scenarios methodology allows retrospective analysing of decarbonisation processes in 26 national Public Electricity and Heat Production (PEHP) sectors in EU, based on 1990..2016 national CO2 emission inventories. The CO2 emission driving forces for PEHP sectors were defined and investigated in 26 years emission pathways approach. Graphical overview of 108 prepared (real and alternatives) emission pathways allow assessing CO2 emission factors impact, pathways grouping and indicating the dominant pathway of 1990..2016 decarbonisation in EU national PEHP sectors. The alternatives scenarios methodology based on historical data enables to drawn lessons from past to move the European PEHP into a low-carbon future.
Disposal of flue gases in oil reservoirs with high-viscosity oil in order to increase oil recovery and improve the environmental situation
Authors: Shchesnyak Evgeniy , Ryzhkov Anatoliy , Ledovich Iosif , Osipov Andrey , Musin Artur
Published: September 2019

The reserves of highly viscous oils and natural bitumen are several times higher than the stocks of light oils. In the development of such oils by thermal methods, steam is produced, the development of which is accompanied by significant emissions into the atmosphere of flue gases, including carbon dioxide. According to estimates, the extraction of high-viscosity oils annually releases about 34.5 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, carbon dioxide emissions from steam generation can be reduced to zero by injecting flue gases along with steam into the formation. In addition to environmental benefits, the technology of co-injection of water vapor and combustion gases (nitrogen and carbon dioxide) has a complex (thermal and physico-chemical) effect on the formation with a synergistic effect. The article is devoted to the analysis of the mechanisms affecting the increase in oil recovery during the co-injection of steam with flue gases, the description of equipment for the injection of flue gases into the reservoir, as well as the analysis of field experience in using this technology. The calculations for one of the fields of high-viscosity oil show the high efficiency of co-injection of water steam with flue gases.
Performance assessment of a four-air cathode membraneless microbial fuel cell stack for wastewater treatment and energy extraction
Authors: Tremouli Asimina , Pandis Pavlos K. , Kamperidis Theofilos , Stathopoulos Vassilis N. , Argirusis Christos , Lyberatos Gerasimos
Published: September 2019

A stack of two identical single chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was assessed during using fermentable house hold extract as substrate. The design of the MFC units was based on the single chamber membrane-less technology using four cathode electrodes. The total power output was 492 mW either in series or parallel connection considering a total anolyte volume of 240 cm3. During continuous operation, the COD removal was 80% for each cell and for both operation modes (series and parallel). The electrochemical profiles provided significant information on the behaviour of the stack. During continuous operation, parallel connection is preferred over series connection, as it results to the same power output values, and COD removal but it provides lower internal resistances leading to more stable electrochemical performance behaviour.
Present status and prospects of the Tunka Radio Extension
Authors: Kostunin D. , Bezyazeekov P.A. , Budnev N.M. , Chernykh D. , Fedorov O. , Gress O.A. , Haungs A. , Hiller R. , Huege T. , Kazarina Y. , Kleifges M. , Korosteleva E.E. , Kuzmichev L.A. , Lenok V. , Lubsandorzhiev N. , Marshalkina T. , Monkhoev R. , Osipova E. , Pakhorukov A. , Pankov L. , Prosin V.V. , Schröder F.G. , Shipilov D. , Zagorodnikov A.
Published: September 2019

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is a digital radio array operating in the frequency band of 30-80 MHz and detecting radio emission from air-showers produced by cosmic rays with energies above 100 PeV. The experimentis installed at the site of the TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy) observatory and performs joint measurements with the co-located particle and air-Cherenkov detectors in passive mode receiving a trigger from the latter. Tunka-Rex collects data since 2012, and during the last five years went throughseveral upgrades. As a result the density of the antenna field was increased by three times since its commission. In this contribution we present the latest results of Tunka-Rex experiment, particularly an updated analysis and efficiency study, which have been applied to the measurement of the mean shower maximum as a function of energy for cosmic rays of energies up to EeV. The future plans are also discussed: investigations towards an energy spectrum of cosmic rays with Tunka-Rex and their mass composition using a combination of Tunka-Rex data with muon measurements by the particle detector Tunka-Grande.
Precision measurements of the properties of cosmic rays at the highest energies
Authors: Hörandel Jörg R.
Published: September 2019

The Pierre Auger observatory is presently being upgraded to enlarge its detection capabilities for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. Part of this upgrade is a radio detector array, aimed to cover a surface area of 3000 km2 to measure the properties of the highestenergy cosmic rays. The plans for this radio upgrade are outlined.
Latest results on the analysis of the radio frequency spectrum emitted by high energy air showers with LOFAR
Authors: Rossetto Laura , Bonardi Antonio , Buitink Stijn , Corstanje Arthur , Falcke Heino , Hare Brian M. , Hörandel Jörg R. , Mitra Pragati , Mulrey Katie , Nelles Anna , Rachen Jörg P. , Schellart Pim , Scholten Olaf , Thoudam Satyendra , Trinh Gia T.N. , ter Veen Sander , Winchen Tobias
Published: September 2019

The LOw Frequency ARay (LOFAR) is a multi-purpose radio antenna array aimed to detect radio signals in the frequency range 10 - 240 MHz, covering a largesurface in Northern Europe with a higher density in the Netherlands. Analytical calculations and simulation studies performed in the 2000s indicate a dependence of the radio frequency spectrum on cosmic-ray characteristics. The high number density of radio antennas at the LOFAR core allows to characterise the observed cascade in a detailed way. The radio signal emitted by air showers in the atmosphere has been studied accurately in the 30 - 80 MHz frequency range. The analysis has been conducted on simulated eventsand on real data detected by LOFAR since 2011. The final aim of this study is to find an independent method to infer information of primary cosmic rays for improving the reconstruction of primary particle parameters. Results show a strong dependence of the frequency spectrum on the distance to the shower axis for both real data and simulations. Furthermore, results show that this method is very sensitive to the precision in reconstructing the position of the shower axis at ground, and to different antenna calibration procedures. A correlation between the frequency spectrum and geometrical distance to the shower maximum development Xmax has also been investigated.
RadioPropa — A Modular Raytracer for In-Matter Radio Propagation
Authors: Winchen Tobias
Published: September 2019

Experiments for radio detection of UHE particles such as e.g. ARA/ARIANNA or NuMoon require detailed understanding of the propagation of radio waves in the surrounding matter. The index of refraction in e.g. polar ice or lunar rock may have a complex spatial structure that makes detailed simulations of the radio propagation necessary to design the respective experiments and analyse their data. Here, we present RadioPropa as a new modular ray tracing code that solves the eikonal equation with a Runge-Kutta method in arbitrary refractivity fields. RadioPropa is based on the cosmic ray propagation code CRPropa, which has been forked to allow efficient incorporation of the required data structures for ray tracing while retaining its modular design. This allows for the setup of versatile simulation geometries as well as the easy inclusion of additional physical effects such as e.g. partial reflection on boundary layers in the simulations. We discuss the principal design of the code as well as its performance in example applications.
A New Concept for High-Elevation Radio Detection of Tau Neutrinos
Authors: Wissel Stephanie , Alvarez-Muñiz Jaime , Carvalho Washington R. , Romero-Wolf Andrés , Schoorlemmer Harm , Zas Enrique
Published: September 2019

Cosmic neutrinos are expected to include a significant flux of tau neutrinos due to flavor mixing over astronomical length scales. However, the tau-neutrino content of astrophysical neutrinos is poorly constrained and a significant flux of cosmogenic tau neutrinos awaits discovery. Earth-skimming tau neutrinos undergo charged-current interactions that result in a tau lepton exiting the Earth. The tau lepton decay generates anextensive air shower and geomagnetic radio emission. To target the tau neutrinos, we present a new tau neutrino detector concept that uses phased antenna arrays placed on high elevation mountains. Simulation studies indicate that a modest array size and small number of stations can achieve competitive sensitivity, provided the receivers are at highs enough elevation.
Methods of personal information environment evaluation
Authors: Valášek Pavel
Published: September 2019

Current condition of information and communication technology use by general public is suitable for a research of other information phenomena such as personal information environment. As a continuation of the broader study concerning this topic, in this article are discussed various methods of personal information environment assessment and evaluation. Data were collected by the means of survey and supervised tasks. Established differences between selected methods are presented. This study may be seen as suitable preparative study of this field.
The Basic Architecture of the System with the A-GNSS Receiver
Authors: Setlak Lucjan , Kowalik Rafał
Published: September 2019

The paper presents the results of obtained research defining the accuracy of determining the position of a specific object (aircraft, UAV), equipped with a mobile receiver operating the navigation system A-GNSS. The Assisted GNSS technology is designed to improve the performance of the GNSS receiver by reducing the time needed for the receiver to calculate its location. It also increases the sensitivity of the received signal by the receiver, as a result, the accuracy of the determined position of a specific object can be improved. Thanks to its application, the radio-navigation receiver becomes compatible with the requirements of current standards, and what is associated with it this kind of technology has become an important part of the cellular industry. The aim of the article is to examine the solution of A-GPS system and to demonstrate its effectiveness in the process of determining the position of the UAV object. The paper presents aspects of the functionality of the A-GPS system solution work, mathematical model of object position determination using A-GNSS system and discusses the technology that is used for the integration of navigation systems with cellular network. In the final part of the work, based on the analysis of the research literature, the presented mathematical model and simulations, conclusions were formulated, which are reflected in practical applications.
Defect energy levels in carbon implanted n-type homoepitaxial GaN
Authors: Alfieri G. , Sundaramoorthy V. K.
Published: September 2019

While carbon doping is known to increase the resistivity of GaN, highly resistive layers for device isolation can also be obtained by ion implantation. In this study, we report on the electrical characterization of C-implanted n-type homoepitaxial GaN. Our investigation, carried out by capacitance-voltage measurements and deep level/minority carrier transient spectroscopy, revealed the presence of nine majority carrier traps in the 0.2–1.3 eV energy range, below the conduction band edge, and of four minority carrier traps, in the 0.1–1.4 eV energy range, above the valence band edge. The net-donor compensation mechanism and the behavior of defect centers are studied as a function of the annealing temperature in the 100–1000 °C range. While the former is explained in terms of dynamic annealing, the latter is discussed in the light of the present experimental results and those found in the literature.
Aldh1b1 expression defines progenitor cells in the adult pancreas and is required for Kras-induced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Mameishvili Ekaterina , Serafimidis Ioannis , Iwaszkiewicz Sara , Lesche Mathias , Reinhardt Susanne , Bölicke Nora , Büttner Maren , Stellas Dimitris , Papadimitropoulou Adriana , Szabolcs Matthias , Anastassiadis Konstantinos , Dahl Andreas , Theis Fabian , Efstratiadis Argiris , Gavalas Anthony
Published: September 2019

The presence of progenitor or stem cells in the adult pancreas and their potential involvement in homeostasis and cancer development remain unresolved issues. Here, we show that mouse centroacinar cells can be identified and isolated by virtue of the mitochondrial enzyme Aldh1b1 that they uniquely express. These cells are necessary and sufficient for the formation of self-renewing adult pancreatic organoids in an Aldh1b1-dependent manner. Aldh1b1-expressing centroacinar cells are largely quiescent, self-renew, and, as shown by genetic lineage tracing, contribute to all 3 pancreatic lineages in the adult organ under homeostatic conditions. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of these cells identified a progenitor cell population, established its molecular signature, and determined distinct differentiation pathways to early progenitors. A distinct feature of these progenitor cells is the preferential expression of small GTPases, including Kras, suggesting that they might be susceptible to Kras-driven oncogenic transformation. This finding and the overexpression of Aldh1b1 in human and mouse pancreatic cancers, driven by activated Kras, prompted us to examine the involvement of Aldh1b1 in oncogenesis. We demonstrated genetically that ablation of
Aldh1b1
completely abrogates tumor development in a mouse model of Kras
G12D
-induced pancreatic cancer.
The interplay of the national, regional, and global in standards of English
Authors: Hänsel Eva Canan , Deuber Dagmar
Published: September 2019

An accent recognition survey was designed and distributed among respondents from the anglophone Caribbean with the aim of finding out whether they can recognize different standard accents of English as spoken by newscasters from five Caribbean countries, namely Jamaica, St Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago. The results revealed that there is a general difficulty in placing Caribbean newscaster accents in the correct country. The only exception was a Trinidadian accent that was recognized in 60 per cent of all cases. The results suggest that in the context of newscaster accents, recognizable national standard varieties are the exception. This paper also introduces the idea that to some extent, standard accents of English in the Caribbean might be recognizable on a subregional level.
Negation in Longxi Qiang
Authors: Zheng Wuxi
Published: September 2019

Negation in Longxi Qiang shows distinctive features in comparison to other recorded Qiang varieties. The choice between the two negative prefixes /mí-/ and /mì-/ and the volition indicated by these two negative markers in Longxi Qiang are similar to those of negatorspu31andmei55in Wenchuan Mandarin. To a large extent,pu31corresponds to /mí-/ andmei55corresponds to /mì-/. Moreover, two negative constructions with positive meaning in Wenchuan Mandarin are borrowed into Longxi Qiang. I believe that the development of a negation system similar to Wenchuan Mandarin in Longxi Qiang is not a coincidence; language contact is an important factor accounting for it.
Redefining the typology of V2 languages
Authors: Wolfe Sam
Published: September 2019

This article proposes a new typology of the V2 property, integrating new data from a corpus of Medieval Romance texts with data from Rhaeto-Romance, Early Germanic and Modern Germanic. The proposed analysis is that all V2 systems have a V-movement and phrasal movement trigger on the lowest left-peripheral head, Fin, and that in a subclass of V2 languages Force also has these properties. It is argued that the restrictions on and variation in licensing verb-initial and verb-third clauses within Romance and Germanic V2 systems fall out from the Fin/Force distinction.
Serendipitous Treatment of Tularemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Johnsrud Joyce J , Smith Carolyn Rebecca , Bradsher Robert W
Published: September 2019

We present a young pregnant woman who developed ulceroglandular tularaemia following a bite wound from a kitten. She grew Francisella tularensis from the ulcer. While awaiting bacterial culture results and serology for Bartonella, she was treated with azithromycin, with resolution of fever and axillary tenderness. Treatment recommendations for tularemia are either gentamicin or doxycycline, both of which can be perilous to the fetus. A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report on the macrolide susceptibility of North American isolates of this organism has been underappreciated. The unanticipated result from this patient may give another potential option for treatment of tularemia in pregnancy.
Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Severe Pericardial Decompression Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Ricarte Bratti Juan P. , Brunette Veronique , Lebon Jean S. , Pellerin Michel , Lamarche Yoan
Published: September 2019

Objectives:

We report a case of a man with tamponade decompression syndrome following pericardial drainage.

Data Sources:

ICU - Montreal Heart Institute.

Study Selection:

Case report.

Data Extraction:

Clinical and surgical records.

Data Synthesis

None.

Conclusions:

Our case adds further concerns in supporting a patient with tamponade decompression syndrome, including mechanical circulatory support, due to the reversible nature of this condition.
1550-nm Nonablative Fractional Laser Versus 10,600-nm Ablative Fractional Laser in the Treatment of Surgical and Traumatic Scars: A Comparison Study on Efficacy and Treatment Regimen
Authors: Chitgopeker Pooja , Goettsche Lainee , Landherr Matthew J. , Ye Alice , Johnson-Jahangir Hillary , Ferguson Nkanyezi , VanBeek Marta
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

The appearance and symptoms of scars can cause significant distress to patients.

OBJECTIVE

To assess and compare efficacy of the 1,500-nm nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) and 10,600-nm ablative fractional laser (AFL) in reducing symptoms and improving the appearance of traumatic or surgical scars.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Single-center prospective, randomized, blinded, split-scar study was conducted on 100 patients with a scar obtained through trauma or surgery. Three treatments of NAFL or AFL were administered to each half of the scar at 4-week intervals. Scars were self-rated by the patient using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale and a satisfaction score and objectively evaluated by blinded dermatologists using the Manchester Scar Scale and visual analog scale.

RESULTS

Blinded observers found no statistically significant difference in scar appearance. Patient rating showed improvement of scar appearance (p < .0001). Pain was worse after treatment with AFL (p = .0492). Overall, there was no statistically significant evidence of one laser being superior or inferior to the other for patient and blinded observer scores (p = .3173 and p = .2513, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Scar treatment with AFL or NAFL is associated with high patient satisfaction. Objective evaluation of scars did not identify improvement in scar appearance.
Knowledge Translation Lecture: Providing Best Practice in Neonatal Intensive Care and Follow-up: A Clinician-Researcher Collaboration
Authors: Brown Shaaron E. , Dusing Stacey C.
Published: September 2019

Knowledge translation is the process by which we take new information that is evidence based and incorporate it into our practice. While we can each incorporate evidence into our practice, the collaboration between a researcher and a clinician can advance the implementation of evidence-based practice. We highlight the use of the Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle that includes a researcher and clinical partner on a journey of research question development, knowledge generation, clinical implementation, and policy change that advances the care to infants in the neonatal intensive care unit and in a developmental follow-up clinic. The team provides examples of implementation and highlights the clinical care differences following a decade of collaboration. Pediatric physical therapists have a responsibility to embrace and support knowledge translation to advance our profession and the care of infants, children, and families.
Zika Virus After Emergency Response: Can the ICF Guide Rehabilitation of Children With Microcephaly?
Authors: Longo Egmar , de Campos Ana Carolina , Schiariti Veronica
Published: September 2019

The outbreak of Zika in Brazil almost 3 years ago had harmful medical, financial, and social consequences for children and their families. It also significantly increased the statistics of Brazilian children with disabilities being followed up in rehabilitation centers. Actions promoting the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework are encouraged in view of the complex health needs identified in this population, which cover all areas of functioning, and gain special relevance when it comes to a vulnerable context. This perspective article discusses the challenges related to the implementation of the ICF in rehabilitation services for children with congenital syndrome.
Effect of LncRNA MIAT on Prognosis of Hand-assisted Laparoscopic or Laparoscopic-assisted Colectomy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Chaofeng , Tang Tao , Wang Wenyue
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

The current study aims to explore the effect of myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) level on the long-term prognosis of hand-assisted laparoscopic colectomy (HALC) or laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (LAC) for colorectal cancer (CC).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 320 CC patients were included. Patients were randomized into HALC and LAC group.

Results:

MIAT level in CC tissue was upregulated, and had a significant positive association with its level in serum. MIAT levels in both CC tissue and serum were correlated with lymph node metastasis and histologic grading. Survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate in 3 years after operation was significantly lower in HALC-High MIAT group (P<0.05). When MIAT level is <10.9 in CC tissue or 8.7 in serum, 100% of patients who underwent HALC will be alive for >3 years.

Conclusions:

For patients with low MIAT level, both HALC and LAC are available, otherwise, LAC is more recommended.
Diffusion and adoption of research data management services
Authors: Niu Jinfang
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the diffusion patterns, especially the communication channels, in the diffusion and adoption of research data management services (RDMS) among libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature about the RDMS in individual libraries was gathered and analyzed. Data relevant to the research questions were extracted and analyzed.

Findings

Early adopters conduct much original research to create RDMS and they often serve as change agents in diffusing their RDMS and related innovations to other libraries. In contrast, late adopters usually learn from early adopters and use their innovations for establishing their own RDMS. Communication channels used in diffusing RDMS deviate slightly from those reported in general diffusion of innovations (DOI) theories.

Research limitations/implications

Gathered literature provides incomplete and uneven information for RDMS adopters. This makes it difficult to identify adopter categories and test many generalizations in DOI theories. To overcome these limitations, surveys and interviews will be conducted in the future.

Originality/value

Findings from this project contribute to general DOI theories because RDMS is unique compared with many other innovations. The diffusion of RDMS is a decentralized process that involves a high-degree of reinvention and it involves the generation and diffusion of many relevant innovations. The project also identified scholarly communication and inter-organization networks as new types of communication channels that are not well accounted for in existing DOI theories.
A dose-response and meta-analysis of phytosterols consumption on liver enzymes
Authors: Tajik Somayeh , Jacobson Kevan , Talaei Sam , Kord-Varkaneh Hamed , Noormohammadi Zeinab , Salehi-Sahlabadi Ammar , Pezeshki Mehran , Rahmani Jamal , Hekmatdoost Azita
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The results of human studies evaluating the efficacy of plant Phytosterols on liver function were inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to eliminate these controversies about the Phytosterols consumption on liver serum biochemistry in adult subjects.

Design/methodology/approach

The literatures systematically searched throughout PubMed and Scopus databases up to June 2018; it was conducted by using related keywords. Estimates of effect sizes were expressed based on weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI from the random-effects model (erSimonian and Laird method). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by using I2 index. Eighteen studies reported the effects of Phytosterols (PS) supplementation on liver serum biochemistry.

Findings

The current meta-analysis did not show a significant effect on ALT (MD: 0.165 U/L, 95% CI: −1.25, 1.58, p = 0.820), AST (MD: −0.375 IU/Liter, 95% CI: −1.362, 0.612, p = 0.457), ALP (MD: 0.804 cm, 95% CI: −1.757, 3.366, p = 0.538), GGT (MD: 0.431 U/L, 95% CI: −1.803, 2.665, p = 0.706) and LDH (MD: 0.619 U/L, 95% CI: −4.040, 5.277, p = 0.795) following PS consumption.

Originality/value

The authors found that no protective or toxic effects occur after the consumption of Phytosterols on liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and GGT.
Man versus machine? Acquired long QT syndrome in a patient with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Tran Tomio , Brunnquell Michael , Mehler Philip S. , Krantz Mori J.
Published: September 2019

Computer‐generated Bazett‐corrected QT (QTcB) algorithms are common in clinical practice and can rapidly identify repolarization abnormalities, but accuracy is variable. This report highlights marked rate‐corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation not detected by the computer algorithm. A 26‐year‐old woman with anorexia nervosa was admitted with severe hypokalemia and ventricular ectopy. Computer‐generated QTcB was 485 ms, while manual adjudication yielded a QTcB of 657 ms and a Fridericia‐corrected QT (QTcF) interval of 626 ms using digital calipers. Computer‐generated QTc intervals may aid in clinical decision‐making. However, accuracy is variable, particularly in the setting of ectopy, and requires manual verification.
CRIME AND EDUCATION IN A MODEL OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION
Authors: CORTÉS Darwin , FRIEBEL Guido , MALDONADO Darío
Published: September 2019

We model the decisions of young individuals to stay in school or drop out and engage in criminal activities. We build on the literature on human capital and crime engagement and use the framework of Banerjee (1993) that assumes that the information needed to engage in crime arrives in the form of a rumour and that individuals update their beliefs about the profitability of crime relative to education. These assumptions allow us to study the effect of social interactions on crime. In our model, we investigate informational spillovers from the actions of talented students to less talented students. We show that policies that decrease the cost of education for talented students may increase the vulnerability of less talented students to crime. The effect is exacerbated when students do not fully understand the underlying learning dynamics.
An empirical assessment of food security on First Nations in Canada
Authors: Deaton B. James , Scholz Alexander , Lipka Bethany
Published: September 2019

Using data generated from surveys conducted on First Nations throughout Canada, we use regression analysis to examine factors influencing food insecurity. To our knowledge, this is the first time a regression‐based analysis has been conducted to examine food insecurity on First Nations in Canada. As expected, income is inversely related to the likelihood that one reports their household as experiencing food insecurity. In addition, individuals in extremely remote areas are more likely to report their household as experiencing food insecurity. Although traditional food consumption is prevalent, we do not find evidence that it is associated with reductions in the prevalence of self‐reported household food insecurity. We find that gender and mental health are associated with perceived household food insecurity. Although this study is novel, for reasons and limitations detailed in the paper, it should be viewed as an initial effort to establish potential relationships that underscore one of the most important issues facing Canada: the high prevalence of food insecurity in First Nations communities.
New homologues of Brassicaceae water‐soluble chlorophyll proteins shed light on chlorophyll binding, spectral tuning, and molecular evolution
Authors: Prabahar Vadivel , Afriat‐Jurnou Livnat , Paluy Irina , Peleg Yoav , Noy Dror
Published: September 2019

Type‐II water‐soluble chlorophyll (Chl) proteins (WSCPs) of Brassicaceae are promising models for understanding how protein sequence and structure affect Chl binding and spectral tuning in photosynthetic Chl–protein complexes. However, to date, their use has been limited by the small number of known WSCPs, which also limited understanding their physiological roles. To overcome these limitations, we performed a phylogenetic analysis to compile a more comprehensive and complete set of natural type‐II WSCP homologues. The identified homologues were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, tested for assembly with chlorophylls, and spectroscopically characterized. The analyses led to the discovery of previously unrecognized type‐IIa and IIb subclass WSCPs, as well as of a new subclass that did not bind chlorophylls. Further analysis by ancestral sequence reconstruction yielded sequences of putative ancestors of the three subclasses, which were subsequently recombinantly expressed in E. coli, purified and characterized. Combining the phylogenetic and spectroscopic data with molecular structural information revealed distinct Chl‐binding motifs, and identified residues critically impacting spectral tuning. The distinct Chl‐binding properties of the WSCP archetypes suggest that the non‐Chl‐binding subclass evolved from a Chl‐binding ancestor that most likely lost its Chl‐binding capacity upon localization in the plant tissues with low Chl content. This dual evolutionary trajectory is consistent with WSCPs association with the Kunitz‐type protease inhibitors superfamily, and indications of their inhibitory activity in response to various forms of stress in plants. These findings suggest new directions for exploring the physiological roles of WSCPs and the correlation, if any, between Chl‐binding and protease inhibition functionality.
Structural insights into ISRIB, a memory‐enhancing inhibitor of the integrated stress response
Authors: Anand Aditya A. , Walter Peter
Published: September 2019

The integrated stress response (ISR) regulates protein synthesis under conditions of stress. Phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2 by stress‐sensing kinases converts eIF2 from substrate to competitive inhibitor of its dedicated nucleotide exchange factor, eIF2B, arresting translation. A drug‐like molecule called integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) reverses the effects of eIF2 phosphorylation and restores translation by targeting eIF2B. When administered to mice, ISRIB enhances cognition and limits cognitive decline due to brain injury. To determine ISRIB’s mechanism of action, we solved an atomic structure of ISRIB bound to the human eIF2B decamer. We found that ISRIB acts as a molecular staple, pinning together tetrameric subcomplexes of eIF2B along the assembly path to a fully active, decameric enzyme. In this Structural Snapshot, we discuss ISRIB’s mechanism, its ability to rescue disease mutations in eIF2B and conservation of the enzyme and ISRIB‐binding pocket.
Attachment, Parenting, and Obesogenic Behavior: A Dyadic Perspective
Authors: Lamson Angela L. , Didericksen Katharine W. , Winter Ashley , Brimhall Andrew S. , Lazorick Suzanne
Published: September 2019

Pediatric obesity is a growing health concern afflicting the United States. The treatment for pediatric obesity, as a health epidemic, costs billions of dollars to our nation, leaving providers and researchers searching for effective and sustainable ways to better manage the biological, psychological, and social health of individuals and families. While many assessments and interventions continue to emerge, researchers have predominately focused on intra‐individual concerns among white non‐Hispanic populations. This quantitative study was grounded in a relational theory (attachment theory), with a dyadic and primarily Hispanic sample. Evidence from our study supported that child attachment predicted child obesogenic behavior and that this relationship was mediated by child self‐regulation. Children with insecure attachments had more obesogenic behaviors and lower self‐regulation of eating than those with secure attachments. Family therapists should be on the frontlines of relational research and clinical interventions that interface with biopsychosocial health across diverse cultures and families
Patient satisfaction with ball and Equator attachments for single‐implant mandibular overdentures: A short‐term randomised crossover clinical trial
Authors: Taha Nahla Eid Kamel Selim , Dias Danilo Rocha , Oliveira Talitha Maria Cabral , Souza João Antônio Chaves , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues
Published: September 2019

Background

Retention and stabilisation of a single‐implant mandibular overdenture (SIMO) are influenced by the biomechanical properties and clinical performance of the attachment system.

Purpose

To compare clinical and patient‐reported outcomes following the use of two retention systems, a ball and a stud‐type Equator attachment used for SIMO.

Material and Methods

Eighteen fully edentulous participants were treated with a SIMO opposing to a maxillary complete denture. They received two retentive attachments (ball and Equator) in alternate periods (sequences A‐B and B‐A) and outcomes were assessed after the 1 week (initial) and 3 months (final) periods. In the final assessment, patients were also asked about their preferred retention system.

Results

Compared with baseline, there was an improvement in patient satisfaction using both attachments, whilst no difference was observed between initial and final periods. Similarly, no significant differences were observed when comparing the ball and Equator at the initial (P = .330) and final (P = .08) periods. The multilevel mixed‐model analysis revealed that the patients’ satisfaction was predicted only by their satisfaction with dentures before implant placement. Although no significant difference was found between attachments regarding patient preference, this may be biased by the sequence of attachment use, which suggests that a learning effect might be present in this crossover study design.

Conclusion

The use of a single midline implant to retain a mandibular overdenture significantly improves patient satisfaction irrespective of the attachment used, but patients’ preference for the second treatment suggested a learning effect in this study.
Linear and nonlinear electromagnetic waves in modulated honeycomb media
Authors: Hu Pipi , Hong Liu , Zhu Yi
Published: September 2019

Wave dynamics in topological materials has been widely studied recently. A striking feature is the existence of robust and chiral wave propagations that have potential applications in many fields. A common way to realize such wave patterns is to utilize Dirac points, which carry topological indices and is supported by the symmetries of the media. In this work, we investigate these phenomena in photonic media. Starting with Maxwell's equations with a honeycomb material weight as well as the nonlinear Kerr effect, we first prove the existence of Dirac points in the dispersion surfaces of transverse electric and magnetic Maxwell operators under very general assumptions of the material weight. Our assumptions on the material weight are almost the minimal requirements to ensure the existence of Dirac points in a general hexagonal photonic crystal. We then derive the associated wave packet dynamics in the scenario where the honeycomb structure is weakly modulated. It turns out the reduced envelope equation is generally a two‐dimensional nonlinear Dirac equation with a spatially varying mass. By studying the reduced envelope equation with a domain‐wall‐like mass term, we realize the subtle wave motions, which are chiral and immune to local defects. The underlying mechanism is the existence of topologically protected linear line modes, also referred to as edge states. However, we show that these robust linear modes do not survive with nonlinearity. We demonstrate the existence of nonlinear line modes, which can propagate in the nonlinear media based on high‐accuracy numerical computations. Moreover, we also report a new type of nonlinear modes, which are localized in both directions.