bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MRI findings in pregnancy related neurological complications
Authors: Khan Laila , Rukhsana Aziz  , Nishtar Tahira
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To describe the various neurological complications that occur in pregnancy and puerperium using magnetic resonance imaging as the diagnostic tool.
Method: The prospective study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from June 2018 to June 2019, and comprised pregnant and puerperium patients presenting with neurological symptoms who were referred for magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical records of the patients were reviewed for risk factors and neurological symptomatology. Imaging was done using a 1.5Tesla machine. Departmental routine imaging protocols for magnetic resonance imaging brain and magnetic resonance venography were used. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: There were 60 pregnant women with a mean age of 25.85±5.1 years (range: 17-40 years).   Magnetic resonance imaging showed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in 20(33.3%) patients and haemorrhagic infarct in 18(30%), while 9(15%) were found to be normal. Magnetic resonance venography exhibited dural sinus thrombosis in 19(31.7%) patients.
Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging was found to play a vital role in early diagnosis of pregnancy-related neurological complications.
Key Words: MRI, Neurological complications, MRV, PRES, DST.
Exploring health seeking behaviour among incidentally diagnosed HIV cases in Rawalpindi, Pakistan: A qualitative perspective
Authors: Rathore Mommana Ali , Rashid Zubaida , Khushk Imdad , Mashhadi Syed Fawad , Rathore Muhammad Ali , Barnes Sarah
Published: January 2023

Objective: To identify the determinants of health-seeking behaviour among incidentally diagnosed cases of HIV and to explore the patterns of care seeking behaviour among these HIV infected persons.
Method: The qualitative study based on the grounded theory was conducted from February to September 2019 at the Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised incidentally diagnosed new cases of human immunodeficiency virus. Data was collected using in-depth interviews to understand how local environments and settings impact healthcare-seeking behaviour. Data was analysed using the constant comparison method.
Results: Of the 12 patients, 10(83.3%) were male, 1(8.3%) female and 1(8.3%) transgender. The mean age of the sample was 31+5 years. Of the total, 10(83.3%) patients were receiving free antiretroviral treatment from government hospitals in Rawalpindi/Islamabad, while 2 (16.7%) opted for some alternative form of healthcare. Ten (80%) were married and were carrying the diagnosis for >6 months. Processing of human immunodeficiency virus status, value placed in one’s own health, experiences with healthcare provider and medication-related factors were the main themes that emerged from the data. Better counselling services, free-of-cost medication, positive patient-provider relationship and social support were the key players, while non-disclosure due to fear of stigma and beliefs about the disease were the main stumbling blocks.
Conclusion: Value placed in one’s own healthcare and thus the need for healthcare services, regardless of social norms, cultural reservations and personal beliefs, was the most important factor affecting the healthcare-seeking behaviour of human immunodeficiency virus patients.
Key Words: Grounded theory, Health-seeking behaviour, Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV.
PERINTISAN KOMUNITAS SEL DI WILAYAH RANCAEKEK DAN SOREANG KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Alexander Christopher , Simanjuntak Ferry , Christianto Josef , Situmorang Bait Adetya , Tinggogoy Michael Dendi
Published: January 2023

Perintisan komunitas sel adalah hal yang begitu diperlukan, khususnya di daerah-daerah yang belum terjangkau oleh Injil. Data menunjukkan bahwa daerah Rancaekek dan Soreang adalah dua daerah yang belum dijangkau oleh Injil, maka dari itu penulis melakukan upaya perintisan dengan harapan bahwa suatu hari kelak akan ada gereja-gereja yang berdiri di Rancaekek dan Soreang, dimulai dari adanya komunitas sel di kedua wilayah ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Penulis melakukan ibadah komunitas sel sebagai cikal bakal dari lahirnya sebuah gereja Tuhan. Sejauh ini, ibadah komunitas sel yang dilaksanakan mendapat respons positif dari keluarga-keluarga Kristen yang dilayani. Mereka yang notabene belum memiliki komunitas untuk bertumbuh dalam iman di daerah tempat tinggalnya, menunjukkan antusiasme ketika rumah mereka dijadikan tempat untuk melaksanakan ibadah komunitas sel. Komunitas sel dilakukan tidak hanya secara on-site tetapi juga secara online. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai tindakan alternatif dalam menyikapi kondisi yang sedang berlangsung (pandemi). Jika kedepannya kondisi telah membaik, sangat mungkin bahwa komsel online akan dilakukan secara on-site.
PENDAMPINGAN REMAJA PEREMPUAN AGAR MENGHINDARI PERNIKAHAN DINI DI JEMAAT GKSI SYALOM UNSE
Authors: Gulo Septiana Christi , Bilo Dyulius Thomas
Published: January 2023

Masa remaja merupakan waktu yang tepat bagi anak dalam mengejar pendidikan. Pendidikan sangat penting bagi para remaja. Melalui pendidikan potensi mereka bertumbuh. Namun miris bila remaja yang seharusnya fokus belajar dan mengejar cita-cita, justru terjerumus ke dalam pernikahan dini. Faktor terbesar dari pernikahan dini di jemaat GKSI Syalom Unse adalah rendahnya pendidikan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh orang tua dan anak yang kurang paham tentang urgensi dari pendidikan. PKM ini bertujuan memberikan pengertian dan kesadaran kepada remaja agar menghindari pernikahan dini serta memberikan edukasi pentingnya pendidikan. Sehingga dengan demikian program PKM ini berimplikasi pada perlunya peningkatan usia pernikahan yang lebih matang, baik dalam segi mental, maupun pendidikan dan ekonomi. Metode yang dipakai dalam mengakomodir pembahasan pernikahan dini adalah metode ceramah. Namun dalam penyusunan materi menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan ini berjalan dengan lancar dan direspon dengan baik oleh peserta kegiatan. Kegiatan ini membantu para remaja memahami bahaya dari pernikahan dini serta meningkatkan semangat mereka dalam menuntut ilmu yang lebih tinggi.
PEMBEKALAN GURU SEKOLAH MINGGU DI GMI BAITHANI PLAJU, PALEMBANG, SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Sitindaon Riky Handoko , Lestari Putri Rosinta
Published: January 2023

Perkembangan pengetahuan anak di Era Digital semakin pesat. Anak sekarang sudah mengikuti perkembangn zaman sehingga mereka tidak ketinggalan. Maka dalam pelayanan anak khusunya di Gereja perlu diadakan pembekalan terhadap guru Sekolah Minggu, dimana guru-guru yang mengajar anak Sekolah Minggu dibekali dengan ilmu pelayanan anak yang lebih efektif. Jika, guru-guru tidak mengupdate diri maka guru-guru akan sulit menjangkau anak zaman ini. Anak-anak Sekolah Minggu yang ada di Di GMI Baithani Plaju ini sangat aktif, maka guru-guru yang mengajarpun harus kreatif. Oleh karena itu diharapkan melalui pengabdian masyarakat ini dalam bentuk seminar dengan pelatihan yang disertai diskusi para guru-guru dan tim, para guru Sekolah Minggu akan diperlengkapi dalam mengoptimalkan kreativitasnya dalam pelayanan sehingga dalam pelayanan Sekolah Minggu ada hal-hal yang baru di tampilkan dan membuat anak-anak semangat dalam beribadah di Sekolah Minggu. Pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode seminar dan diskusi serta praktik tujuannya memberikan pemahaman kepada guru Sekolah Minggu GMI Baithani agar dapat mengajar dengan kreatif dan mengembangkan kreativitas mereka, guna menumbuhkan semangat anak-anak Sekolah Minggu dalam beribadah dan akhirnya menguatkan iman anak-anak.
PRINSIP-PRINSIP PAK ANAK: SEBUAH KAJIAN EKSEGESIS ALKITAB DARI ULANGAN 6: 4-9
Authors: Hotmarlina Evinta , Sondjaja Maria A. S.
Published: January 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan meneliti prinsip Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) anak melalui kajian eksegesis Ulangan 6:4-9. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif kualitatif dengan mengambil dari beberapa sumber pustaka. Konstruksi prinsip-prinsip PAK anak berdasarkan Ulangan 6:4-9 dapat membantu untuk menciptakan penekanan yang lebih seimbang antara kemampuan akademis dan formasi spiritual. Keduanya dipandang dapat memperlengkapi generasi penerus untuk menghadapi tantangan global. Dengan demikian, tujuan utama dari PAK anak adalah untuk membangun suatu generasi penerus yang dapat berkontribusi kepada masyarakat luas dengan prinsip-prinsip iman Kristen yang kokoh. Ulangan 6:4-9 memberikan pedoman kepada orang tua dalam mempraktikkan pendidikan agama Kristen dalam keluarga. Keluarga perlu menjadi tempat pertama anak mengakui hanya ada Tuhan yang Esa, mengasihi Tuhan yang Esa, melakukan perintah Tuhan yang Esa, membicarakan perintah Tuhan yang Esa, merenungkan perintah yang Esa dan menjadi saksi Tuhan yang Esa.
PERUBAHAN KEBIJAKAN JABATAN PENGAJAR DI GMIT: DARI JABATAN PENUH WAKTU, KE JABATAN PERIODIK
Authors: Luji Daud Saleh , Saetban Sem
Published: January 2023

The Evangelical Christian Church in Timor (GMIT) has had a policy regarding full-time teaching positions since 1999. However, in 2010 a new policy was born on teaching positions that are periodically elected. The purpose of this research is to find out 1). The rationale behind the GMIT Synod's decision on the periodically elected church teaching position. 2). The relevance of teaching positions at GMIT and Calvin's views on teaching positions and teaching ministry. With a qualitative approach, the research results found regarding the rationale for the birth of the new policy are as follows: 1). Teaching positions are not only for those who have a PAK or Theology background because service positions in GMIT refer to the ecclesiology principle of institutional principles, namely the principle of priesthood and believers and ecclesia reformata semper reformanda 2). GMIT is faced with minimal financing capacity, so the absorption capacity of the little church is limited. 3). Many teaching staff with a Christian religious education background prefer to be teachers in schools (PNS), so they have not given themselves entirely to become teachers in churches, 4). The GMIT congregations are generally not financially able to finance a pastor and a teacher. According to the author, GMIT's policy regarding recruiting teaching staff who serve as teachers periodically is irrelevant to Calvin's view.
KEADILAN DI TEMPAT ASING: TEOLOGI GĒR DALAM KITAB ULANGAN DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI KEHIDUPAN BERMASYARAKAT
Authors: Vienshe Nugraha
Published: January 2023

Tulisan ini ingin menunjukkan bahwa etika terhadap orang asing yang ditampilkan dalam Kitab Ulangan relevan untuk dijadikan pedoman dalam kehidupan bersama sekaligus menjadi sebuah antitesis bagi fenomena rasisme yang masih terjadi dewasa ini. Rasisme merupakan suatu fenomena diskriminasi terhadap ras atau kelompok tertentu yang dianggap berbeda, asing, dan lemah. Fenomena rasisme dapat mengakibatkan masalah yang lebih besar dalam kehidupan, seperti konflik dan tragedi kemanusiaan. Kontras dengan hal tersebut, hukum yang tertulis dalam Kitab Ulangan secara tegas menolak penindasan terhadap mereka yang “asing.” Dengan demikian, pemahaman tersebut relevan untuk dijadikan sebuah dasar dalam menjalani kehidupan bersama yang harmonis dan jauh dari ketidakadilan, termasuk rasisme. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini menawarkan sebuah pendekatan dari sudut pandang biblis dalam Kitab Ulangan dalam mengenal siapa itu orang asing (gēr) sekaligus memperlihatkan etika dalam berperilaku terhadap mereka. Pemahaman tersebut kemudian dijadikan pedoman dalam usaha untuk membangun kehidupan bersama yang harmonis pada konteks masa kini.
SINERGI DI TENGAH PERGUMULAN INSTITUSI BERDASARKAN ANALISIS STRUKTUR SASTRA MAZMUR 20
Authors: Prabowo Paulus Dimas
Published: January 2023

Institusi apapun di dunia tentu mengalami tantangan, termasuk institusi pelayanan sekalipun. Ketika hal ini terjadi, sinergi antara pemimpin dan pengikut diperlukan dalam menemukan jalan keluar. Namun seringkali sinergi tidak terjadi karena pengikut pasif untuk berperan serta dalam krisis yang melanda. Padahal, dukungan pengikut memiliki dampak positif bagi pemimpin. Mazmur 20 dapat memberi dasar biblika mengenai konsep sinergi antara pemimpin dan pengikut di tengah pergumulan insitusional. Pendekatan yang dipakai adalah hermeneutika kitab puisi, terutama analisi struktur dan temanya. Struktur dan koherensi tema dapat membantu menemukan konsep sinergisme di dalam Mazmur 20. Hasilnya menunjukkan, Mazmur 20 mengandung struktur kiasmus. Dengan pengamatan terhadap kelompok persona, repetisi kata kunci, dan jenis paralelisme, maka struktur kiasmus tersusun dengan komposisi: A (ay. 2), B (ay. 3-6), C (ay. 7), B’ (ay. 8-9), A’ (ay. 10). Bagian C merupakan aksis sedangkan bagian AA’ merupakan inklusio, dan kedua bagian ini memuat kata ‘jawaban’ sebagai petunjuk tema. Bagian B sejajar dengan bagian B’ dan bersifat sebagai pendukung tema. Tema Mazmur 20 adalah penantian jawaban, yakni perlindungan terhadap nyawa raja dan kemenangan. Dalam temuan tersebut terlihat sinergi pemimpin dan pengikut. Pertama, dibuktikan dengan perilaku yang kooperatif dalam bagian aksis dan inklusio; kedua, dibuktikan dengan pengikut yang suportif di ayat 3-6; ketiga, dibuktikan dengan pemimpin yang inspiratif di ayat 7-9.
Una mirada a la salud desde una perspectiva antropológica
Authors: De la Llana Pérez Evelyn , Cortez Méndez Rodrigo José , Cruzata Walter Jorge
Published: January 2023

Introducción: La Antropología como ciencia brinda a los trabajadores de la salud, pautas para el desarrollo de la actividad investigativa y herramientas científicas para determinar las características que presenta un determinado entorno social en el cual ejercen su labor. Objetivo: Analizar antropológico sobre la salud, la relación del proceso salud-enfermedad-atención y la sociedad. Materiales y métodos: Se empleo una investigación documental de tipo etnográfico, de nivel descriptiva. Resultados: La influencia de la antropología comprende al trinomio salud-enfermedad-atención, como un elemento universal y el estudio de las dimensiones biológicas, psicológicas, culturales y sociales, donde su objeto de estudio se enmarca en el análisis de los diversos sistemas de creencias y prácticas en el ámbito de la salud, así como al proceso de salud, enfermedad y atención. Conclusión: Brinda una nueva perspectiva de análisis, pertinencia y aplicación de la antropología en su relación con la salud pública, además de una evaluación analítico-crítica en la sociedad y sus usos potenciales, resaltando la perspectiva crítica de diferentes investigadores de la ciencia antropológica.
Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Household Income of Ethnic Groups in Vonhai District, Thai Nguyen Province
Authors: Chi Vu Thi Quynh , Nguyen Thai Thị Thai
Published: January 2023

Ethnic groups by households in Vo Nhai District often inhabit in rural areas with low income and their life is much more difficult. Therefore, it’s necessary to study on the factors affecting their income in order to find a solution to improve their income. This research has used Cobb – Douglass Production Function, applying Stata software to evaluate the factors affecting household income of minorities. By collecting information from 310 households living in Vo Nhai district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam, the result of analysis showed that age of householder, cost, number of inhabitants in the family, level of education of the householders, employees, assets, land areas, bank loans which have an impact on the household income of ethnic groups. The study proposed solutions to help poor households expand on their production, improve their income, and enhance their living.
Human Resource Management in Information Technology System-Based Public Services in Developing Regions of Southeast Asia
Authors: Henson Rylee Wesley
Published: January 2023

This article aims to describe the problems and efforts in Human Resource Management in IT (Information technology) system-based public services in developing regions of Southeast Asia specifically in the regions of Vietnam, the Philippines and Cambodia. The method used is a literature review. The results obtained are Human resource management (HRM) in IT system-based public services in developing areas of Cambodia faces similar challenges as in the Philippines and Vietnam, such as a lack of skilled and trained personnel, limited resources and funding, and a lack of infrastructure and technology. Efforts to improve public services in Vietnam have been ongoing for several years, with a focus on modernizing the delivery of services and increasing access for citizens. Infrastructure and technology: The government of Cambodia has been investing in infrastructure and technology to improve the delivery of public services.
Инглиз тилида социолингвистик компетенцияни ривожлантиришнинг психологик омиллари
Authors: Саримсакова Дилафруз
Published: January 2023

Мазкур мақолада ОТМлари хорижий тил ва адабиёти йўналиши талабаларининг инглиз тилида социолингвистик компетенцияси ривожланиши хусусиятлари психологик ва социомаданий назария асосида ўрганилган.
Модели прогнозирования экономической активности населения
Authors:   Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН, Кузнецов С.Г. , Буданова А.И. ,   Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН
Published: January 2023

Рассмотренный на данных за 1992-2020 гг. подход к построению прогнозной модели уровня экономической активности населения позволяет снизить ошибки аппроксимации фактических данных; совпадение трендовых составляющих фактического и расчетного временных рядов говорит о том, что предложенная модель достаточно точно описывает общую тенденцию изменения экономической активности населения во времени и может быть использована для решения задач прогнозирования численности рабочей силы, а значит, рассматриваться как важнейший элемент комплекса моделей прогнозирования состояния рынка труда в среднесрочной и долгосрочной перспективе.
Debut de cáncer gástrico con metástasis cerebral: manejo clínico quirúrgico
Authors: Romero Ayala Javier , Munive Gina , Portanova Michel , Zevallos Omel , Pachas Carlos , Mendoza Ronald , La Torre Alan
Published: January 2023

El cáncer gástrico es uno de los más frecuentes a nivel mundial. Las metástasis cerebrales por cáncer gástrico son poco frecuentes y se diagnostican en menos del 1% de los pacientes. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 61 años con historia de disminución de la agudeza visual, cefalea y movimientos involuntarios. Le realizan una resonancia magnética que muestra una lesión de apariencia extraparenquimal occipital izquierda. El PET scan revela una zona hipermetabólica en curvatura menor del estómago, y la endoscopia evidencia una lesión sugerente de neoplasia maligna en fondo gástrico Borrmann I. Se decide realizar una excéresis tumoral por neurocirugía, cuyo estudio de anatomía patológica reveló adenocarcinoma metastásico a cerebro.  Se le realiza una gastrectomía total D2, no se evidencian otras metástasis. La paciente evoluciona favorablemente en el postoperatorio. El estudio anatomopatológico revelo adenocarcinoma pobremente diferenciado. En Perú y en el mundo, aún no se han establecido recomendaciones estándar sobre cómo tratar a estos pacientes, aunque se sabe que la resección quirúrgica de metástasis cerebrales puede disminuir significativamente la morbilidad y prolongar la supervivencia en comparación con los enfoques no quirúrgicos. Hasta donde sabemos, es el primer reporte de este tipo que se presenta en el país.
Rendimiento diagnóstico de la prueba rápida fasciorap basada en la técnica de inmunocromatografía o flujo lateral para la detección de anticuerpos en pacientes con Fasciolosis humana
Authors: Davelois Atac Kelly Roxana , Jara Campos Cesar Augusto , Coronado Figarella Andrea Victoria , Escalante Gavidia Omar Julio , Escalante Añorga Hermes Mario
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la técnica de inmnunocromatografía o flujo lateral para la detección de anticuerpos en pacientes con Fasciolosis humana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Hemos desarrollado una prueba de flujo lateral (Fasciorap) para el diagnóstico serológico de las Fasciolosis humana por Fasciola hepatica, compuesta por antígenos de excreción-secreción de formas adultas conjugadas con orocoloidal de 40 nm y una proteína A e IgG de conejo anti Fasciola hepatica como reactivos detectores en la línea de prueba y control, flanqueados por almohadillas en un cassette. Se evaluaron 240 sueros, 120 positivos, 50 sueros de pacientes con otras parasitosis, 20 de pacientes con enfermedades infecciosas y 50 sueros de personas no parasitadas, la interpretación de resultados se realizó por inspección visual a los 15 minutos de aplicada las muestras. Resultados: La prueba detectó la presencia de anticuerpos en el suero de pacientes con fasciolosis, alcanzando una sensibilidad de 92,5%, una especificidad de 94,17%, un valor predictivo positivo de 94,07% y negativo de 92,62%; con 100% de concordancia en la repetibilidad y reproducibilidad. Conclusiones: Fasciorap detecta casos de fasciolosis, por lo tanto, es una potencial prueba diagnóstica en zonas endémicas donde se requiere pruebas de punto de atención
Helicobacter pylori sigue vigente
Authors: Piscoya Alejandro
Published: January 2023

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Impacto bioquímico de la omisión de la linfadenectomía en cáncer de próstata: validación de las tablas de Partin
Authors: Martínez-Hernández Marlenne , Isunza-Laisequilla André , García-Villa Patricio Cruz
Published: January 2023

Introducción: La linfadenectomía es el método de elección en la valoración linfática en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de próstata. El primer reto es conocer la probabilidad de afectación con nomogramas, el más usado es el de Partin. De acuerdo con estos nomogramas, aquellos pacientes con afectación mayor al 2% tienen indicación de linfadenectomía durante la prostatectomía con finalidad terapéutica y pronóstica. La recidiva bioquímica se define como un nivel sérico de antígeno prostático específico superior a 0.2 ng/ml confirmado al menos 4 semanas después de la prostatectomía.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo y se revisaron los registros de 150 casos de prostatectomía radical consecutiva realizados entre 2007 y 2019. Un total de 109 pacientes se incluyeron. Se calculó por nomograma de Partin la probabilidad de invasión a nódulos linfáticos, y se seleccionaron todos aquellos con un porcentaje de afectación mayor o igual al 2%, Se dividieron en dos grupos: con linfadenectomía pélvica (grupo PLND) sin linfadenectomía pélvica (no-PLND). Se llevó a cabo un análisis de Shapiro-Wilks para comprobar la normalidad de los datos. La p fue <0.01 en ambos casos por lo que se procedió a llevar a cabo una prueba de Wilcoxon, usando el programa Statistica 8.0.
Resultados: Mediante una correlación de Spearman y con una p>0.01, se comprobó que no existió una relación entre el cálculo mayor al 2% de involucro de nódulos linfáticos por nomograma de Partin y la recidiva bioquímica temprana.
Conclusión: En nuestro estudio la linfadenectomía no modificó el riesgo de progresión bioquímica, por lo que el efecto terapéutico beneficioso de la linfadenectomía sistemática podría ser muy limitado. El omitir la linfadenectomía pélvica durante la prostatectomía con un porcentaje mayor o igual al 2% en nuestro análisis no tuvo relación directa con la recidiva bioquímica. El uso de otros nomogramas ajustados a nuestra población puede marcar diferencia en estos resultados.
Identifying Overused Lab Tests in Hospital Settings: A Delphi Study
Authors: CADTH
Published: January 2023

Unnecessary lab testing may lead to inaccurate diagnoses, inappropriate treatment or further testing, and increased strain on our health care system, and can expose patients to potential harm.

To identify lab tests that could be considered by Choosing Wisely Canada’s Using Labs Wisely program, we convened a panel of experts that included physicians, medical laboratory professionals, patients, and decision-makers from across Canada. Our objective was to prioritize a list of high-volume laboratory tests that are often ordered unnecessarily in hospital settings.

Through a consensus-generating process, the expert panel prioritized 7 lab tests as candidates for reduction or elimination in hospital settings. These were 25-hydroxy vitamin D testing, vitamin B12 testing, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) testing, free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) testing, international normalized ratio (INR) testing, and amylase testing.
The Legal Consciousness and Social Impacts of the Change in the Minimum Age for Marriage in the Indonesian Marriage Act: The Experience of Hulu Sungai Tengah, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Tavinayati Tavinayati , Pura Damaiyanti Varinia , Hanifah Lena , Wijayalath Ayesha , Putri Trisna , Fitria Rizqyandhanita Galuh
Published: January 2023

Child marriage is still a controversial and big challenge that Indonesia has always faced, with Kalimantan Selatan as one of the Big Five Provinces with the highest number of child marriages. The Indonesian government has taken various preventive steps, one of which is revising the age limit for brides from 16 to 19 years old, enacted right before Covid-19 hit the country. However, the revision still begs questions about whether the age limit is practical due to the highest number of unregistered marriages, especially during the pandemic. This study employed the Qualitative method with a Socio-Legal approach and found that the perception and legal consciousness of the respondents were undisputed towards child marriage and disregarded the age limit and the pandemic situation.
MONITORING SUITABILITY OF URBAN ROADS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL COMPONENTS USING NONLINEAR AUTOREGRESSIVE WITH EXTERNAL INPUT (NARX)
Authors: Aghataher R. , Rabieifar H. , Neysani Samany N. , Rezayan H.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Earthquake is one of the hazardous disasters in Iran and caused huge causalities in the last century. Among different effective criteria in earthquake management especially in the response phase, morphological components of the urban structure have the main role. This paper aims to assess and monitor the suitability of urban roads for emergency response after an earthquake. The main contribution is the definition of key morphological factors, assessment, and monitoring of urban road suitability using nonlinear autoregressive with external input (NARX) as a time series artificial neural network (ANN). In this framework, first, the effective criteria are detected and analyzed based on experts’ opinions, then the suitability of urban roads for emergency earthquake response is assessed for three temporal datasets for the 2010, 2015, and 2020 years. The proposed method has been implemented in Tehran; the capital of Iran based on designed ANNs. The RMSE and R of time series ANNs are 0.97629 and 0.027 for 2010, 0.91479 and 0.13 for 2015, 0.93569 and 0.056 for 2020. The results show that the suitability of urban roads has been improved significantly between 2010 to 2015, while according to the new expansion of roads in the west of Tehran, the level of suitability has been decreased from 2015 to 2020. As this region is going to be populated recent so some new strategies should be improved for urban traffic network structure.
GULLY EXTRACTION AND MAPPING IN KAJOO-GARGAROO WATERSHED – COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DEM-BASED AND IMAGE-BASED MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM
Authors: Bokaei M. , Samadi M. , Hadavand A. , Moslem A. P. , Soufi M. , Bameri A. , Sarvarinezhad A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Monitoring and mapping eroded lands by gully erosion is an essential step to control gully networks. Advances in remote sensing and aerial photography have enabled users to capture data with variant temporal and spatial resolution that is needed in different fields. In addition, introducing different types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) enabled to carry imaging payload. The orthophoto and digital elevation model (DTM) produced from aerial images taken by Aeria-X camera mounted on Sensefly eBee-X drone was employed to identify and map eroded areas by gully in Kajoo-Gargaroo watershed in Chabahar, south-eastern part of Iran. Digitizing gully boarders manually is a tiring and time-consuming process for the operators. Maximum likelihood algorithm as one of the machine learning algorithm was also used to classify orthophoto in order to extract gully borders in the study area. In this study a new algorithm based on analysing geometric features and clustering of the DTM was used to map gullies automatically. The results of the proposed method and machine learning algorithm were compared with the manually digitized gully map. Quantitative evaluation demonstrates that our proposed method reaches better overall accuracy compared to machine learning algorithm with the increase of 7.2 percent in overall accuracy.
MINI UAV-BASED LITTER DETECTION ON RIVER BANKS
Authors: Cortesi I. , Mugnai F. , Angelini R. , Masiero A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Most of the anthropic pollution arriving to seas and oceans is carried by rivers, leading to a dramatic impact on the aquatic flora and fauna. Hence, several strategies have already been considered to reduce the use of plastic (and non biodegradable) objects, fostering recycling, detect litter in the environment, and catch it. This work aims at implementing a litter detection approach usable also in urban areas, hence considering a mini-UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) in order to reduce the issues related to flight restrictions. The implemented strategy exploits a high resolution map of the area of interest, a properly trained deep learning litter object detector, and a vision based localization system, which allows to remarkably reduce the positioning error of the UAV navigation system, in order to provide estimates of the litter object positions with an accuracy at decimeter level for objects not too far from locations recognizable in the map.
EXTRACTION OF FLOOD-AFFECTED AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN THE GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE; CASE STUDY OF KHUZESTAN, IRAN
Authors: Dodangeh P. , Shah-Hosseini R.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Floods are one of the most dangerous crises that cause a lot of damage in various fields, including economic and human lives. Therefore, preparation for prevention and damage assessment in order to manage this crisis is essential. In the meantime, providing methods with high speed and accuracy together can be helpful. In this study, using the Google Earth engine system and various sources of remote sensing data, the flooded areas of 2019 in Khuzestan province of Iran were extracted and the area of damaged agricultural lands was estimated. The general method was to first use the Sentinel 1 images, which are independent of the cloud, and the JRC global surface water mapping data to obtain flooded areas. After that, with the help of Sentinel 2 images and extracting various features from its bands and implementing an automated method, a map of damaged agricultural lands was also prepared. In order to approximate the affected population, WorldPop Global Project Population data has been used to take advantage of the maximum capacity of various remote sensing sources. The resulting flood map was evaluated by a ground truth map to prove the efficiency of the method. The overall accuracy of the map was 96.30 and its kappa coefficient was 80.03, which is quantitatively appropriate. The proposed method and the system used, due to their simplicity, can be generalized at high speed to other areas.
ESTIMATION OF SOIL MOISTURE USING SENTINEL-1 AND SENTINEL-2 IMAGES
Authors: Esmaeili Sarteshnizi R. , Sahebi Vayghan S. , Jazirian I.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Soil moisture is a vital parameter for environmental research such as agriculture, hydrology, natural resources, environmental hazards, etc. It is essential to have timely soil moisture maps prepared with high accuracy, speed, and low cost. Therefore, in this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the efficiency of Sentinel 1 and 2 sensor images in some cases to prepare a soil moisture map. For this study, soil moisture was sampled at 24 points in the common area of the two images in the south of Malard city, Tehran province (Iran) was obtained by survey. After pre-processing the images, the values of bands 1 to 7, 11, and 12 of the Sentinel-2 and applying filters (Gaussian, Laplacian, Majority, Morphology, and rank) to the Sentinel-1 soil moisture were calculated. Moreover, R, R2, and RMSE were calculated using soil moisture obtained from sample points. Furthermore, Maps of data used by sentinel-1 and sentinel-2 images were obtained. Using maps of data shows the potential of applied filters to sentinel-1 and bands used for sentinel-2 in the estimation of soil moisture. According to the results, the highest coefficient of determination (R2) for the Sentinel-2 is related to band 6 with 84%. The result of Sentinel-1 demonstrated that the highest coefficient of determination was related to the Rank filter (54%). The highest correlation of the Sentinel-2 and the Sentinel-1 is related to band 6 with 74% and the Rank filter with 46%, respectively. The lowest RMSE in Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 is related to band three (1.64 %) and rank filter (1.03 %), respectively. According to the obtained results, band 6 in the Sentinel-2 and filter in Sentinel-1 have better performance among the data and methods used. However, it is emphasized that using more samples can be tested for improving results.
COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF ROOF SEGMENTATION METHODS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT USING DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA
Authors: Farajelahi B. , Najaf M. , Arefi H.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. In this paper, we present a novel 3D segmentation approach using digital elevation data. Building detection has been emerging as an important area of research. It has attracted many applications, such as geomatics, architectonics, computer vision, photogrammetry, remote sensing, industry, disaster management, and city planning. Building detection techniques can basically be divided into two categories: the classical approach and the deep learning approach. The main goal of this study is to compare some commonly used detection techniques in photogrammetry, like segmentation-based and classification-based methods using digital elevation data as input. The 4 different methods of roof detection with their detailed analysis and their final results are presented in this paper. This study encourages researchers to further advance research in building detection techniques. Results show that the 2D region growing can successfully segment the building components like the main facades of the complex roof and provide accurate qualitative and quantitative results compared to the other methodologies used in this study.
AUTOMATIC BUILDING EXTRACTION FROM UAV-BASED IMAGES AND DSMs USING DEEP LEARNING
Authors: Farajzadeh Z. , Saadatseresht M. , Alidoost F.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Accurate and automatic building footprint extraction from single UAV images has become essential in many photogrammetry and remote sensing applications such as 3D building modeling, smart city, monitoring, disaster management, and urban planning. In this paper, the capability of U-Net architecture with ResNet as the backbone of the network is investigated to extract the building footprints from UAV-based orthophotos and normalized Digital Surface Models (nDSMs) considering the complementary nature of RGB and height information. The data has been captured from five non-overlapping rural scenes of Yazd province, Iran. After pre-processing, the training and test datasets are prepared to evaluate the performance of U-Net using different hyperparameters and input channels such as RGB (only orthophotos) and RGBD (orthophotos and nDSMs). The experiments highlight the effectiveness of height information to detect and extract the building footprints with significant improvements in precision from 89% to 97% and in recall from 77% to 91%.
FLOOD RISK MAPPING USING RANDOM FOREST AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
Authors: Ganjirad M. , Delavar M. R.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Floods are among the natural disasters that cause financial and human losses all over the world every year. By production of a flood risk map and determination of potential flood risk areas, the possible damages of this phenomenon can be reduced. To map the flood extend in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, US, conditioning factors affecting the flood occurrence including elevation, slope, plan curvature, land use, distance from rivers, density of rivers, rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) were identified and their information layers produced using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. Then, for flood risk mapping, Random Forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) as two machine learning models have been implemented and their results compared. RF and SVM models have been validated based on the maximum absolute error (MAE) index with an accuracy of 0.043 and 0.097, respectively. Visualization of the predicted values in QGIS software confirms that the RF model has provided better outputs than that of the SVM model. By analysing the features importance of the layers in the RF model, it was verified that the elevation, slope, and plan curvature layers have the highest degree of influence on the flood risk with degrees of importance of 0.197, 0.135, and 0.123.
ASSESSING THE RELIABILITY OF CONTRIBUTORS IN VGI USING IMPLICIT FACTORS
Authors: Ghasemi Nejad R. , Ali Abbaspour R. , Chehreghan A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. VGI projects include geographic information, which are the product of many unorganized volunteers, making it a challenge to ensure the quality of their information. In this field of study, several researchers have suggested using intrinsic factors to evaluate the quality of VGI instead of using explicit methods such as comparing with real or reference datasets. In addition, the measurement of the reliability of VGI contributors as an essential intrinsic factor in determining the credibility of their contributions remains an open question. Various types of contributors’ activities and interactions are introduced and discussed in detail in this study at first. Then a comprehensive spatio-temporal contributor reliability model is proposed to assess their performance based on multiple implicit interactions between volunteers in their contribution process. Finally, several cities with different contribution rate (based on their population, number of users and area extent) are chosen and the proposed model is applied to the VGI data of selected regions, finally the results are compared and discussed.
A COMPARISON THROUGH TREE EXTRACTION IN IMAGE-SPACE AND OBJECT-SPACE
Authors: Haddadi Amlashi H.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. In various studies trees have been extracted and their conditions have been examined through different detection algorithms from two main data sources including (a) point cloud and (b) raster data. The output of tree extraction is the input of the next processing steps, and the importance of these outputs is proved more than before. Tree Extraction (TE) has many applications in biomass estimation, CHM extraction, etc. All of which require high accuracy and the correct position of the trees. therefore, in this study, a comparison between tree extraction algorithms in two common sources of data has been conducted. As for the raster data, all bands are first co-registered. Afterward, the trees are separated from the background by using image processing techniques such as changing the image color space and weighted averaging on different bands. Finally, TE algorithms such as watershed segmentation, valley following, local maxima, and image binarization were applied. As for the point cloud data, TE can be conducted in the object space to compensate for the methods used in the raster space with object detection algorithms e.g., the coherence between the two trees, etc. which have been discussed in detail in this paper. In the object space, three algorithms, region-based, surface normal, and Euclidean segmentation, were implemented and discussed on the same raster data set in the photogrammetric point cloud. The results show the higher accuracy of the region-based algorithm in object-space by more than 26% in comparison with the valley following algorithm in image space.
CADASTRAL AND URBAN MAPS ENRICHMENTS USING SMART SPATIAL DATA FUSION
Authors: Hajiheidari A. R. , Delavar M. R. , Rajabifard A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Cadastral and urban map enrichment/upgrading is an essential requirement for smart urban management. The high pace of development and change in megacities can cause different challenges for urban organizations to reproduce their maps based on their need. New urban management aims and plans need new cadastral and urban maps with different standards and elements which may have existed in the other urban organization. Producing an original map or checking the maps of different organizations visually in a megacity is very costly and time-consuming. These challenges require an advanced integration approach to overcome them. Therefore, enriching maps with concerned organizations' maps and intelligent and automatically identifying as well as applying the changes in urban and cadastral maps will save time and cost for informed urban decision-making. This paper has employed the data of the third zone of the District six of the Municipality of Tehran, the capital of Iran, and identifies changes in the parcel’s geometry of the cadastre maps in comparison with the recently produced maps of the municipality of Tehran. After pre-processing the data, some spatial and attribute information are added to each feature, and the land parcels are enriched. By matching the algorithm and comparing the parcels geometry and attributes, suspicious parcels are identified by the logistic regression algorithm. The Accuracy and F1-Score of this model were 0.845 and 0.780, respectively. Finally, the suspicious parcels are checked and the parcels are located, deleted, merged, splitted and geometrically modified in the base map and the base map is enriched. This paper has successfully proposed a new framework for cadastral and urban map enrichment intelligently.
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF DEFORESTATION ON MICROCLIMATE AND INCREASING THE RISK OF HEAT STRESS USING SATELLITE IMAGE PROCESSING (CASE STUDY: FORESTS OF HIRAN AREA)
Authors: Jafarzadeh J. , Kakroodi A. A. , Erfanifard Y.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. In recent years, the forests of northern Iran, which have a very high value, have been changed and turned into other uses due to various human reasons. Meanwhile, residential and road construction is more visible in these forests. Recognizing the location and investigating the impact of changes in forest extent in any region can greatly help the condition of forests in the past and planning their restoration. In this research, using satellite image processing, the effect of deforestation on the microclimate of the region and its effect on the surface temperature of the region have been investigated. By collecting in situ points in sixty samples including thirty tree areas and thirty pasture and treeless areas, the forest rate was determined using the normalized vegetation cover index. Then the land surface temperature of the studied area was calculated using the single channel method. Finally, by choosing a region as a control region in order to control the impact of global warming, the studied region and the control region were statistically compared. The results of the classification of the region based on tree and non-tree areas showed that during the years 1984 to 2021, about 1400 hectares were deforested. Also, the results of the final Welch T_test statistical test showed that there is a significant difference between the temperatures of the two regions at the 99% confidence level and with a p_value equal to 0.0007. This fact shows the significant impact of deforestation on increasing the temperature of the region.
MONITORING SUMMER SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET (UV) RADIATION ON THE GROUND LEVEL OVER ARDABIL-SAREIN, NW IRAN
Authors: Jahdi R. , Arabi M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The UV radiation level at the Earth’s surface is generally affected by several factors such as time, geographic location, and climate. The first observations of solar UV radiation ever made in NW Iran, obtained in June 2019 are reported in this work. The analysis of hourly values of UV irradiances measured in the study area reveals significant diurnal variation during daylight hours, with lower values in the morning and afternoon and higher around noon. Mean hourly UV (A+B) ranged from 2755 to 10434 µW/cm2 with an average value being about 7960 µW/cm2. Mean hourly UV (C) ranged from 40 to 91 µW/cm2 with an average value being about 76 µW/cm2. The results of a short but intense measurement campaign in Ardabil-Sarein indicate the trends for geographical latitude, longitude, and altitude from surface UV measurements. The UV intensity is associated with geographical longitude (r2= 0.15 for UV (A+B); r2= 0.13 for UV (C)). Furthermore, UV intensity varies with the local latitude in the study area. There is a strong linear relationship between average UV and altitude and a trend of rising UV with increasing altitude is obtained. A decrease in UV radiation with increasing solar zenith (°) was observed. However, the correlation between UV radiation and solar azimuth (°) was not significant. Understanding the factors influencing near-surface UV radiation through systematic ground-based UV will help determine whether long-term changes occur as a result of changes in cloud cover or climate change, and how specific it means to identifying the causes.
A COMPARISON OF TREE-BASED REGRESSION MODELS FOR SOIL MOISTURE ESTIMATION USING SAR DATA
Authors: Akhavan Z. , Hasanlou M. , Hosseini M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Soil moisture content plays a pivotal role in biomass development of vegetation coverage at various growth stages. Moisture content of the soil is considered as a crucial parameter for agricultural studies which directly leads to higher fertility rate. Remote sensing techniques, specifically Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors, provides suitable opportunity for continuous soil moisture monitoring at various spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, field campaigns conducted to measure soil surface parameters, including soil moisture and roughness, synchronized with Sentinel-1 pass over an agricultural region near Mohammadshahr, Iran. Fieldwork for soil moisture sampling have done during plants’ (canola and winter wheat) growth stages. The Gradient Boosted Regression Tree (GBRT), eXtreme Gradient Boosted (XGB), and Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithms were employed to model the relationship between the ground measured soil moisture and polarimetric SAR derived features from Sentinel-1 imageries. The results showed promising results obtained for soil moisture estimation using the dual-polarized SAR dataset over crop-covered agricultural fields with R2 = 0.95 and RMSE = 0.023 m3 m−3 using the GBRT regression model.