bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National mapping of municipality-based rehabilitation services for patients recovering from COVID-19 in Denmark: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bloomquist Kira , Tang Lars H , Kjelsbak Sissel , Hansen Linea L , Christensen Jan
Published: December 2022

Background/aims

A lack of knowledge exists as to how municipalities are meeting the rehabilitation needs of patients recovering from COVID-19. This poses a potential barrier when referring patients for rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to map and describe municipality-based rehabilitation services for patients recovering from COVID-19 in Denmark.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional, nation-wide survey. Key staff members from all 98 municipalities in Denmark were invited to participate. Participants had insight into the organisation and professional content of municipal rehabilitation. Structured telephone interviews were conducted by three interviewers between October and November 2020. The interview guide consisted of items that asked about the availability, content and organisation of municipality-based rehabilitation services.

Results

A total of 91 municipalities (93% response rate) participated in the study. Rehabilitation could be provided within pre-existing services in 98% of municipalities and 93% systematically assessed individual rehabilitation needs using a variety of measurement methods. All municipalities reported that they had services in place to provide functional rehabilitation (eg gait training) and over 90% provided physical, cognitive and lifestyle-related rehabilitation. In contrast, 70% could provide COVID-19 education and 64% psychological therapy. Overall, 32% of municipalities had not received referrals for COVID-19 rehabilitation. Of the 62 municipalities that had COVID-19 rehabilitation experience, 73% rated the degree to which they could deliver coherent and coordinated rehabilitation for patients with complex rehabilitation needs as high or very high.

Conclusions

Overall, Danish municipalities reported that pre-existing services are in place to provide relevant, individualised rehabilitation for patients recovering from COVID-19. Nonetheless, future efforts should ensure that patient education is established, in step with health care providers accumulating knowledge, as well as integrated referral pathways between sectors, to deliver rehabilitation to patients with complex needs. Further, implementation of a national data collection strategy would strengthen and inform future development of relevant services both nationally and internationally.
Dispelling health and safety myths
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: December 2022

In this article, Adam Bernstein spoke to James Lowe, who is a regulatory partner in the commercial litigation department at Wright Hassall, about the health and safety myths that he regularly has to confront.
It's wonderful!
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2022

Hay bales, live reindeer, foraged gifts and eco-friendly decorations – some nurseries are rejecting traditional nativities in favour of more community-conscious ideas. By Annette Rawstrone
We've explored… farming
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2022

One nursery has grown into a farm and allotment with a bit of help from a local college. Annette Rawstrone finds out more
Food for thought
Authors: Russell Meredith Jones
Published: December 2022

How one project is expanding children and staff's food horizons. By Meredith Jones Russell
How do I help?
Authors: Jozwiak Gabriella
Published: December 2022

Our panel discuss what managers can do to support a member of staff who is on antidepressant medication, and if Ofsted needs to be notified. By Gabriella Jozwiak
Temperature-dependent 2-dimensional porous FG plates free vibration analysis using finite element approach
Authors: RAMU Inala
Published: December 2022

This work aims to address the free vibration analysis of two-dimensional porous 2-D FG plates with temperature-dependent properties that are subjected to thermomechanical loading. The revised element finite element model has seven degrees of freedom and has been developed based on higher-order shear deformation theory. The material constitutions in two directions along the length and thickness are varied according to the revised index law of power. The current proposed numerical approach has been evaluated with existing literature results to find good amiability between them. With all side-supported boundary conditions, the effect of thermomechanical loads and porosity allocation on free vibration analysis of temperature-dependent material FG plates is explored. Also, the consequence of consistent and erratic porous portions of free vibration characteristics on 2D FG plates is studied. 2D properties are disbanded, which affects the natural frequency of the FG plate. In this case, the rise in environmental temperature and index values reduces the frequencies of the porous FG plates. Changeable porous distribution on FG plates obtained exemplary frequency characteristics compared with the consistent porous distribution.
Development of an Adaptive Aero-Propulsive Performance Model in Cruise Flight – Application to the Cessna Citation X
Authors: STEPAN Anca , GHAZI Georges , BOTEZ Ruxandra Mihaela
Published: December 2022

To accurately predict the amount of fuel needed by an aircraft for a given flight, a performance model must account for engine and airframe degradation. This paper presents a methodology to identify an aero-propulsive model to predict the fuel flow of an aircraft in cruise, while considering initial modeling uncertainties and performance variation over time due to degradation. Starting from performance data obtained from a Research Aircraft Flight Simulator, an initial aero-propulsive model was identified using different estimation methods. The estimation methods studied in this paper were polynomial interpolation, thin-plate splines, and neural networks. The aero-propulsive model was then structured using two lookup tables: one lookup table reflecting the aerodynamic performance, and another table reflecting the propulsive performance. Subsequently, an adaptative technique was developed to locally and then globally, adapt the lookup tables defining the aero-propulsive model using flight data. The methodology was applied to the Cessna Citation X business jet aircraft, for which a highly qualified level D research aircraft flight simulator was available. The results demonstrated that by using the proposed aero-propulsive performance model, it was possible to predict the aerodynamic performance with an average relative error of 0.99%, and the propulsive performance with an average relative error of 3.38%. These results were obtained using the neural network estimation method.
Robust beam width estimation with sub-pixel resolution in uncontrolled imaging conditions
Authors: Verhulst Pieter , Paesen Rik , Verschaffelt Guy
Published: December 2022

Estimations of laser beam widths can yield vastly different results
depending on the used beam width measurement method and the
measurement conditions. We expand upon an imaging analysis method,
proposed in the field of laser eye safety, to determine a laser’s beam
width based on the ratio between encircled energy and diameter. We
show this method to be highly valuable when determining beam widths in
noisy imaging conditions and in the presence of background
illumination. Furthermore, this method enables estimations with
sub-pixel resolution on beam widths with a spatial extent of a few
pixels.
Backscattering enhancement, vanishing extinction, and morphological effects of active scatterers
Authors: Sihvola Ari , Wallén Henrik , Ylä-Oijala Pasi , Parveen Rashda
Published: December 2022

Using analytical Lorenz–Mie scattering formalism and numerical methods, we analyze the response of active particles to electromagnetic waves. The particles are composed of homogeneous, non-magnetic, and dielectrically isotropic medium. Spherical scatterers and sharp and rounded cubes are treated. The absorption cross section of active particles is negative, thus showing gain in their electromagnetic response. Since the scattering cross section is always positive, their extinction can be either positive, negative, or zero. We construct a five-class categorization of active and passive dielectric particles. We point out the enhanced backscattering phenomenon that active scatterers display and also discuss extinction paradox and optical theorem. Finally, using COMSOL Multiphysics and an in-house method-of-moments code, the effects of the non-sphericity of active scatterers on their electromagnetic response are illustrated.
The age bias in labeling facial expressions in children: Effects of intensity and expression
Authors: Surian Dafni , van den Boomen Carlijn
Published: December 2022

Emotion reasoning, including labeling of facial expressions, is an important building block for a child’s social development. This study investigated age biases in labeling facial expressions in children and adults, focusing on the influence of intensity and expression on age bias. Children (5 to 14 years old; N = 152) and adults (19 to 25 years old; N = 30) labeled happiness, disgust or sadness at five intensity levels (0%; 25%; 50%; 75%; and 100%) in facial images of children and adults. Sensitivity was computed for each of the expression-intensity combinations, separately for the child and adult faces. Results show that children and adults have an age bias at low levels of intensity (25%). In the case of sadness, children have an age bias for all intensities. Thus, the impact of the age of the face seems largest for expressions which might be most difficult to recognise. Moreover, both adults and children label most expressions best in adult rather than child faces, leading to an other-age bias in children and an own-age bias in adults. Overall, these findings reveal that both children and adults exhibit an age bias in labeling subtle facial expressions of emotions.
Vitamin E supplementation improves post-transportation systemic antioxidant capacity in yak
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Zhiyu , Zhou Peng , Fu Lin , Zhang Lijun , Xu Changhui , Loor Juan J. , Zhang Tao , Chen Yi , Zhou Ziyao , Dong Xianwen
Published: December 2022

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of post-transportation vitamin E (VE) supplementation on health condition, blood biochemical parameters, blood antioxidant indices and blood metabolomics in yak. Five yaks were used in this study. After 2100 km of highway transportation from Riwoqe county to Rongchang County, Chongqing, blood was collected immediately after arrival and these samples served as the baseline (control, CON_VE). A VE injection (40 mg/kg) was then performed and blood samples were collected 10 days later. Injection of VE led to lower serum VE concentration. Relative to the CON_VE, VE injection led to greater concentrations of creatinine and lower concentrations of glutamate pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, direct bilirubin, UREA and glucose. Compared with CON_VE, VE injection led the lower serum level of malondialdehydeand greater serum level of glutathione s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase 4. Based on metabolomics analysis, 119 differentially altered serum metabolites (P<0.05 and VIP>1.0) were identified with VE injection relative to CON_VE. VE injection resulted in changes of lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphocholine, choline, malate, citrate, α-Oxo-glutarate, phenylalanine, 3-Phenylpropanoic acid and 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid. These metabolites are associated with lipid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative stress. Overall, our study indicates that VE injection can alleviate transportation stress in yak partly through protecting liver and kidney, and improving antioxidant defense systems.
Knowledge and attitude towards strabismus among adult residents in Woreta town, North West Ethiopia: A community-based study
Authors: Alemayehu Henok Biruk , Tsegaye Kalkidan Berhane , Ali Fozia Seid , Adimassu Nebiyat Feleke , Mersha Getasew Alemu
Published: December 2022

Background

Strabismus is a visual disorder where the eyes are misaligned and point in different directions. Untreated strabismus can lead to amblyopia, loss of binocular vision, and social stigma due to its appearance. Since it is assumed that knowledge is pertinent for early screening and prevention of strabismus, the main objective of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes toward strabismus in Woreta town, Northwest Ethiopia. Providing data in this area is important for planning health policies.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was done in Woreta town from April–May 2020 with a sample size of 424. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to achieve the required sample size. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered using epi-data version 3.1, then processed and analyzed via SPSS version 20. Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed to summarize the data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.

Result

A total of 401 individuals aged over 18 years participated, with a response rate of 94.5%. Of those who responded, 56.6% were males. Of all the participants, 36.9% were illiterate. The proportion of people with poor knowledge of strabismus was 45.1%. It was shown that 53.9% of the respondents had a favorable attitude. Older age, higher educational level, having a history of eye examination, and a having a family history of strabismus were significantly associated with good knowledge of strabismus. A higher educational level, older age, and hearing about strabismus were significantly associated with a favorable attitude toward strabismus.

Conclusion and recommendation

The proportion of good knowledge and favorable attitude towards strabismus were lower than previously reported in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. There is a need to provide health education and promotion campaigns on strabismus to the community: what strabismus is, its’ possible treatments and the need to bring children to the eye care center for early diagnosis and treatment.
Characterization of a proteomic profile associated with organ dysfunction and mortality of sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Ruiz-Sanmartín Adolfo , Ribas Vicent , Suñol David , Chiscano-Camón Luis , Palmada Clara , Bajaña Iván , Larrosa Nieves , González Juan José , Canela Núria , Ferrer Ricard , Ruiz-Rodríguez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The search for new biomarkers that allow an early diagnosis in sepsis and predict its evolution has become a necessity in medicine. The objective of this study is to identify, through omics techniques, potential protein biomarkers that are expressed in patients with sepsis and their relationship with organ dysfunction and mortality.

Methods

Prospective, observational and single-center study that included adult patients (≥ 18 years) who were admitted to a tertiary hospital and who met the criteria for sepsis. A mass spectrometry-based approach was used to analyze the plasma proteins in the enrolled subjects. Subsequently, using recursive feature elimination classification and cross-validation with a vector classifier, an association of these proteins with mortality and organ dysfunction was established. The protein-protein interaction network was analyzed with String software.

Results

141 patients were enrolled in this study. Mass spectrometry identified 177 proteins. Of all of them, and by recursive feature elimination, nine proteins (GPX3, APOB, ORM1, SERPINF1, LYZ, C8A, CD14, APOC3 and C1QC) were associated with organ dysfunction (SOFA > 6) with an accuracy of 0.82 ± 0.06, precision of 0.85 ± 0.093, sensitivity 0.81 ± 0.10, specificity 0.84 ± 0.10 and AUC 0.82 ± 0.06. Twenty-two proteins (CLU, LUM, APOL1, SAA1, CLEBC3B, C8A, ITIH4, KNG1, AGT, C7, SAA2, APOH, HRG, AFM, APOE, APOC1, C1S, SERPINC1, IGFALS, KLKB1, CFB and BTD) were associated with mortality with an accuracy of 0.86 ± 0.05, a precision of 0.91 ± 0.05, a sensitivity of 0.91 ± 0.05, a specificity of 0.72 ± 0.17, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 ± 0.08 with a confidence interval of 95%.

Conclusion

In sepsis there are proteomic patterns associated with organ dysfunction and mortality.
Psychometric validation of the Italian version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire
Authors: Malandrone Francesca , Catalano Alberto , Carfì Federica , Gentili Claudio , Bianchi Silvia , Oliva Francesco , Ricceri Fulvio , Ostacoli Luca , Kesebir Pelin , Davidson Richard J. , Carletto Sara
Published: December 2022

Emotional styles concern the ways in which individuals adapt and respond to the world and can be defined using six dimensions: outlook, resilience, social intuition, self-awareness, sensitivity to context and attention. The Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ) assesses how people vary across the dimensions and gauges an individual’s overall level of emotional health. An Italian version of the ESQ (ESQ-ITA) could favour the understanding of cultural characteristics concerning emotions and personality within the Italian population, with both clinical and social implications. The aim of the present study is to validate the ESQ in the Italian language and to assess its psychometric properties. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 examined construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability, through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s alpha estimates, and by estimating the Spearman’s rank correlation Study 2 examined construct validity and internal consistency through the CFA and Cronbach’s alpha estimates and investigated criterion validity by correlating the ESQ-ITA dimensions with the corresponding scales or subscales used for the validation estimating, again, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient Study 2 also examined the criterion validity of the validated scales and the ESQ-ITA overall score to assess its suitability as an indicator of emotional health. ESQ-ITA was confirmed to be reliable and stable. The correlation between the ESQ-ITA overall score and the other scales and questionnaires supports the use of ESQ-ITA to measure emotional health. The Italian version of the ESQ opens up the possibility to enrich the research landscape with new knowledge that will be useful for advancing the pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of psychological distress and emotional dysregulation.
Health campaigns in an infodemic
Authors: Johansson Bengt
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 crisis is not only a pandemic, but also an infodemic. In the editorial for this Special Issue about health campaigns and COVID-19, we offer an overview of the context as well as of the three articles in the issue. This opening editorial focuses on the wider context within which the various campaigns took place. While the essays focus on the use of graphics and visual advertisements, we explore meme culture with special emphasis on character assassination, where memes are used to target accountability claims and engender distrust towards powerholders. Hence this presents a backdrop to the cultural and visual environment into which these responses to the global spread of COVID-19 entered.
Historiaren ertzetan metaturiko materialetatik ibilbide bat, ‘Denboraren tolesak’ erakusketa abiapuntu
Authors: Olave Duñabeitia Elena
Published: December 2022

Iragana orainalditik kontatzen den istorio bat da, orainalditik egindako errepresentazioa, alegia. Zentzu horretan, mapa iragana islatzen duen tresna izan daiteke, baina, baita iragan horretara beste bide batetik itzultzeko eta hura bestelako ikuspegi batetik irakurtzeko gailua ere. Definizio horretatik abiatuta, artikulu honetan, Iván Gómez artista irundarraren Denboraren tolesak (2022) erakusketan oinarrituta, praktika artistiko garaikideek historiaren berrinterpretazioan eta orainaldiaren berkonfigurazioan duten garrantziaz hausnartuko da. Izan ere, mostra hau mapa baten gisan funtzionatzen duen ariketa kuratoriala da, zeinetan, Faisaien uhartearen existentziatik abiatuta, gorputz ezberdinen kartografia bat osatzen den. Halaxe, historia beste modu batera kontatzeko saiakera bati buruz diharduen testua da hau, denboraren zimurretan gordetako material, murmurio eta arrasto ezberdinak berreskuratzeko xedez proposaturiko ibilbide bat.
(Des)orientarse en la plasticidad de un mapa sin distancias
Authors: González-García Ricardo
Published: December 2022

Asumiendo el complejo mundo sin distancias que establecen los nuevos ‘espacios’ del siglo XXI donde nos desenvolvemos, cuya modalidad esencial es el ‘exceso’, es cómo, dentro este laberíntico y barroco presente, quizá podremos acercarnos a establecer ciertas bases conceptuales para la generación de una posible cartografía del arte contemporáneo, como consiguió Alfred H. Barr, en 1936, al realizar un diagrama que explicaba los orígenes y las derivas de algunos movimientos artísticos del siglo XX. Con dicho objetivo, y teniendo en cuenta la determinación tecnológica del metamedio digital en los modos de comunicación y producción contemporáneos, se abordan en el presente artículo fundamentos como el concepto de ‘rizoma’, el de ‘palimpsesto’ o la teoría de la deriva a fin de servir como sustento en la plástica configuración diagramática de tautológicos mapas del arte contemporáneo. Una estrategia cartográfica que, en función de su estética propia, también en ocasiones se vuelve recurrente cuando determinados/as artistas acometen expresivos ‘viajes interiores’ en atención a sus propias impresiones o intimidades de carácter subjetivo.
Polietilen Tereftalatoaren (PET) birziklapen kimikoa hidrolisiaren bidez
Authors: Barredo Asier , Epelde Eva , Asueta Asier , Amundarain Izotz , Leivar Jon
Published: December 2022

Polietilen tereftalato birziklatuaren (rPET) eskaera handiak ingurumenaren gaineko sentsibilizazioak eta legediak bultzatuta, kontsumitu osteko PET plastiko-hondakinen sorkuntza handiarekin batera, birziklatze-prozesu eraginkorren premia ekarri du. Birziklapen-teknologia klasikoak, birziklapen mekanikoa adibidez, ez dira eraginkorrak birziklatzen zailak diren edo birziklatzen ez diren plastikoen kasuan; hau da, geruza anitzekoak diren eta oso kutsatuta dauden hondakinen kasuan. Teknologia hauek ziklo-kopuru mugatua dute, eta despolimerizazio kimikoa, berriz, gai da jatorrizko PETetik hasierako ekoizpeneko lehengaiak ekoizteko. Testuinguru honetan, polietilen tereftalatoaren (PET) hidrolisia PET-hondakinen despolimerizaziorako estrategia jasangarria da, rPET-a birpolimerizatzeko abiapuntu gisa erabil daitekeena eta, beste despolimerizazio teknologiak ez bezala, oso kutsatuta dauden kontsumo osteko PET-hondakinen elikadurak onartzen dituena. Lan honek PET-solbolisiaren egungo egoera aztertzen du, eta bereziki PET-hidrolisiarena, bai laborategi mailan bai industria eskalan, eta haren garapenaren alderdirik garrantzitsuenak zehazten ditu.
Kanptotezina eta haren deribatuak minbiziaren aurkako borrokan: Topoisomerasa I inhibitzaileak
Authors: Lopez-Aguileta Leyre , Alonso Concepción , Palacios Francisco , Selas Asier , Martín-Encinas Endika
Published: December 2022

Minbizia heriotza-eragile nagusienen artean azaltzen da mundu mailan; 2020an, esaterako, 10 milioi heriotza inguru eragin zituen, WHO (World Health Organization) erakundearen arabera. Minbiziaren aurkako tratamendu farmakologikoari dagokionez, agente kimioterapiko eraginkorrenen artean balidatuta dago topoisomerasa I (TOP1, DNAren metabolismoan era zuzenean parte hartzen duen entzima) aparteko itu terapeutiko gisa. Era honetan, molekula antiproliferatibo berrien garapenerako interes handiko ikerketa arloa bilakatu da TOP1 inhibitzeko gai diren konposatu kimiko berrien sintesia. Historiari begiratuz, kanptotezina (KPT) izan zen aurkitu zen lehen giza topoisomerasa I (TOP1)-en inhibitzailea, 70eko hamarkadan. Harrezkero, KPTren eratorri sintetiko seguruagoak garatu dira (irinotekan, topotekan eta belotekan besteak beste), gaur egun erabilera klinikorako onarpena jaso duten TOP1 inhibitzaile bakarrak, alegia. Hala eta guztiz ere, bigarren belaunaldiko KPTren eratorri sintetiko hauek eragozpen kimiko anitz erakusten dituzte, haien erabilera klinikoa erabat mugatzen dutenak. Gaur egungo erreferentziazko ikerketen norabidea da, molekula aktibo berrien sintesiaz gain, KPTren eratorrien eta bestelako hautagai terapeutiko potentzialen eraginkortasuna eta aktibitate biologikoa hobetzea, hala nola farmako konbinazio sinergikoak bilatuz eta konposatu kimikoen farmakozinetika modulatuz.
Сarbohydrate metabolism disorders and their outcomes in the long-term period in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Salukhov V. V. , Minakov A. A. , Sharypova T. G. , Kononova A. A. , Surkhaeva V. A.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a predisposing factor for the development of many infectious complications. Numerous studies have demonstrated the association of hyperglycemia in patients having DM with a high risk of a more unfavorable course of COVID-19. However, hyperglycemia is often detected in patients with a COVID-19 not having anamnesis of DM. The following remains unclear: the etiological factors causing such disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, the persistence of these disorders and the characteristics of the course, as well as their comparative effect on the outcomes of COVID-19 and the further prognosis of patients.

AIM: To study the prevalence and nature of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with moderate to severe course of COVID-19, as well as 6 months after it.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 of moderate and severe course of the disease were examined. There were no medical interventions outside recommendations of patient management. The observation was carried out during two time periods: inpatient treatment of a COVID-19 and 6 months after discharge. The following were evaluated: anamnesis data, the level of fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, the results of computed tomography of the lungs, the drug therapy taken in all patients. Descriptive statistics methods were used to evaluate the parameters.

RESULTS: The study included 280 patients with a median age of 61.5±14,2 years. During the disease, a violation of  carbohydrate metabolism was detected in 188 people (67%), the remaining patients (33%) made up the normoglycemia group. Patients with hyperglycemia were stratified in a following way: a group with an established diagnosis of DM before COVID -19 included — 56 people (20%), a group with steroid-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) — 95 people (34%), a group of stress- induced hyperglycaemia — 20 people (7%), with undiagnosed diabetes — 17 people (6%). In the postcovid period (after 6 months), the normal level of glycemia in the same sample group was observed in 199 people (71.4%); 8 people (3%) were diagnosed with new cases of DM. The mortality rate was 10 people (3.6%) in the group of SIH (8 people) and undiagnosed DM (2 people).

CONCLUSION: The use of glucocorticoids in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 leads to high incidence of SIH, which has reversible character. About 6% among hospitalized patients with a COVID-19 had undiagnosed DM and were not receiving antihyperglycemic therapy. The highest mortality was noted in the group of SIH, which allows us to conclude that SIH worsens the prognosis of patients to the greatest extent. Patients with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia, regardless of the level of hyperglycemia, are characterized by a more unfavorable course.
The role of pioglitazone in the fight against insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Petunina N. A. , Goncharova E. V. , Kuzina I. A. , Nedosugova L. V. , Martirosyan N. S. , Теlnova M. Е.
Published: December 2022

Modern strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus involve the use of pathogenetically based approaches aimed at achieving optimal glycemic control and its long-term retention. Timely and rational use of 9 classes of hypoglycemic drugs, including as part of combination therapy, makes it possible to achieve significant success in diabetes therapy. One of the fundamental principles in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the effect on insulin resistance. For this purpose, two groups of drugs are used: biguanides and thiazolidinediones (glitazones). The action of glitazones is directly related to an increase in the sensitivity of insulin-dependent tissues to insulin and a pronounced decrease in hyperinsulinemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Of particular interest are the pathways of insulin signal transduction, the mechanisms of insulin resistance, and the possibilities of pathogenetic therapy with thiazolidinediones. Pioglitazone is currently the only available member of the thiazolidinedione class in the world, allowing to expand the management of diabetes mellitus by reducing insulin resistance in muscle and adipose tissue and glucose production by the liver. Its use can have a number of pleiotropic effects, including on cardiovascular diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which expands the priorities for choosing hypoglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes at various stages of therapy.
The role of bile acids and intestinal microbiota in metabolic transformations after gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Mkrtumyan A. M. , Yakovenko I. Y. , Botov A. A. , Samratov T. U.
Published: December 2022

Today, the positive impact of bariatric surgery on the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been studied in detail. At the same time, not only the effect of direct weight loss and the incretin theory, but also other mechanisms for normalizing glycemia are being actively discussed. Thus, special attention is paid to the metabolism of bile acids and their influence on various indicators of homeostasis, including carbohydrate metabolism. After bariatric interventions of the bypass type, the passage of bile through the gastrointestinal tract, as well as its interaction with food masses, changes significantly, which served as the basis for studying this phenomenon. The information accumulated to date indicates enormous changes occurring not only in the anatomy, but also in the biology of the gastrointestinal tract after bariatric bypass surgery. The composition of the intestinal microbiota and the composition of bile masses undergo significant changes. Most of the works available today suggest that these changes are the cause of a number of metabolic rearrangements, and directly affect carbohydrate metabolism. This issue is still under study and accumulation of the necessary information, but today it can be stated with confidence that the role of bile passage, bile acid circulation and restructuring of the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and energy balance after bariatric bypass surgery is of extreme importance.
Analysis of risk factors for COVID-19-related fatal outcome in 337991 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2020–2022 years: Russian nationwide retrospective study
Authors: Mokrysheva N. G. , Shestakova M. V. , Vikulova O. K. , Elfimova A. R. , Isakov M. A. , Gins N. A. , Deviatkin A. A. , Dedov I. I.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus pandemic has had an extremely negative impact on the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM both in terms of a more severe course of COVID -19 and an increased risk of death.

AIM: Analysis of risk factors for death due to COVID -19 in patients with DM type 1 and type 2 (DM1 and DM2).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the database of the national diabetes register (NDR), which included DM patients with COVID-19 and reported virus infection outcome (recovery/or death) in 15 712 DM1 and 322 279 DM2 patients during a 2-year follow-up period (01/02/2020 to 03/04/2022) (discharge date)).

RESULTS: Case fatality rate in patients with DM, who underwent COVID -19 was 17.1% (DM1–8.8%; DM2–17.5%). As a result of multivariate regression analysis of seven significant factors in DM1 and thirteen in DM2 (evaluated by univariate anlisys), a number of the most important predictors of risk for fatal outcome were identified: in DM1 these were age ≥65 years (OR =4.01, 95% CI: 1.42–11.36), presence of arterial hypertension (AH) (OR =2.72, 95% CI: 1.03 -7.16) and diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) (OR = 7.22, 95% CI: 1.98–26.29); for T2DM: age ≥ 65 years (OR =2.53, 95% CI: 1.96–3.27), male (OR =1.51, 95% CI: 1.23–1.84), duration DM ≥10 years (OR =2.01, 95% CI: 1.61–2.51), BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (OR =1.26, 95% CI: 1.02–1.55), ASCVD/CKD (OR =1.49, 95% CI: 1.01–2.04), history of diabetic coma (OR =12.97, 95% CI: 1.89–88.99) and presence of disability ( OR =1.40, 95% CI: 1.14–1.73). In T2DM, the type of antidiabetic therapy (ADT) prior to COVID -19 (last visit before the development of infection) had a significant impact: Insulin therapy (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.30–2.07), sulfonylureas (SU) (OR =1.51, 95% CI: 1.23–1.84)); dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (iDPP-4) therapy (OR =0.57, 95% CI: 0.39–0.83) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (iSGLT2) therapy (OR =0.64, 95% CI: 0.46–0.88). Vaccination was the most important protective factor in both types of DM: DM1 OR =0.19, 95% CI: 0.06–0.59; SD2 OR =0.20, 95% CI: 0.16–0.26.

CONCLUSION: The common risk factor for fatal outcome in both DM1 and DM2 was age ≥65 years; in DM1 — history of hypertension and DFS, in DM2 — male sex, diabetes duration ≥10 years, BMI ≥30 kg/m2, history of ASCVD/CKD and diabetic coma, disability. In T2DM, significant differences in risk were observed depending on the type of ADT: insulin and SU therapy were factors that increased the risk of death, whereas therapy with iDPP-4 and iSGLT2 reduced the risk of death. Vaccination reduced the risk of death in DM1 and DM2 by 5.2 and 5-fold, respectively.
A Clash of Concepts
Authors: Jakob Thomas E
Published: December 2022

This chapter Thomas E. Jakob argues that, although the formation of trade unions was an essential part of the strategy of the Communist Party of Lebanon, as it was for the Soviet Comintern and the left-wing international French trade union federations with which the CPSL was allied, the Communist movement failed to build a sustainable ideological and institutionalized base among Lebanese workers. He identifies four variables as reason, being a disposive of Guilds, the Nationalist current as a competitor in anti-colonialism, negative repercussions of Bolshevization of the Communist Party, a strictly anti-Communist stragegy of the French Mandate, and eventually a lack of interest of the international left concerning the countrie's issues.
Contesting Imperialism in Geneva
Authors: Biela Leon Julius
Published: December 2022

In this chapter, Leon Julius Biela traces how Iranian diplomats seized on the British decision to introduce the issue of arms trade controls in the Persian Gulf to international conferences under the auspices of the League of Nations and how they linked the issue to questions of sovereignty to promote their agenda of pushing back British influence in the Gulf. Hence, while the League and the international system of the interwar years were largely conceived by empires, the chapter provides an example of how non-imperial actors were able to use the features of this system to further their own goals.
Translation as Means of Self-representation in Weimar Berlin Muslim Journals
Authors: Hampel Anna-Elisabeth
Published: December 2022

In this article, Anna-Elisabeth Hampel examines translation phenomena in mainly anti-colonial and pan-Islamic journals published by Muslims in Berlin during the interwar period. The article shows how the journals' contributors used different forms of translation and multilingualism to represent themselves and promote their agendas both among their German environment and in their global networks, and to challenge European narratives about 'Islam', 'the East and the West', and imperialism. Translation in this context required the balancing act of engaging with the logics and categories of a hierarchized discourse in order to simultaneously question and overcome them.
Foreword
Authors: Gago Verónica
Published: December 2022

This book presents a constellation of terms for describing a pressing problem that we could sum up as follows: What are the dynamics of capitalist violence today? There are myriads names, concepts, and categories for the political characterization of what is happening today: authoritarianism, the New Right, right-wing extremism, neoconservativism, neo-fascism; with each term also forming plurals with a concluding "s". The urgency of understanding the manifestations of forms of sexism, racism, and classism as generalized affects that are crystallized in structures of power while also being encouraged by these structures is the first port of call when it comes to making sense of the current crisis. This task, which is a central part of all debates, requires efforts of characterization, of diagnosis, and of political strategy if we are to adequately name these phenomena. This collective work forms part of this saga.
Hindu Majoritarianism and Authoritarian Shifts in the Age of Informational Capitalism in India
Authors: Nizaruddin Fathima
Published: December 2022

Through this article, Fathima Nizaruddin maps the links between authoritarian turn in India under Modi and the expansion of the circulatory network of Hindu majoritarianism in the country under the conditions provided by informational capitalism. She traces some of the specific ways in which transformations caused by the ascent of informational capitalism contributed to the strengthening of majoritarian subject positions in India. She argues that the figure of the Bhakt or 'devotee' in the context of Hindu majoritarianism is central to the strengthening of such positions and traces how digital platforms work within the configurations around the production of Bhakts.
(Selbst-)Optimierung
Authors: Wehling Peter
Published: December 2022

Peter Wehling untersucht in diesem Beitrag die historisch-gesellschaftlichen Ursprünge der Idee der menschlichen (Selbst-)Optimierung. Gestützt auf Arbeiten von Michel Foucault argumentiert er, dass diese Idee und die entsprechenden Praktiken zu verstehen sind als Effekt des Zusammenspiels der im 18. Jahrhundert aufkommenden Biomacht, einer neuartigen "Macht zum Leben", mit den Leistungs- und Produktivitätsanforderungen der sich zeitgleich etablierenden kapitalistischen Ökonomie. Die grundlegende Ambivalenz und das latent Bedrohliche sowohl von Biomacht als auch der Idee der Selbstoptimierung besteht darin, dass (menschliches) Leben unter der Perspektive seiner unaufhörlichen Verbesserung wahrgenommen und damit die bestehenden Formen des Lebens in ihrer unhintergehbaren Unvollkommenheit abgewertet und negiert werden.
Weiblichkeitsentwürfe im Kontext von Körperoptimierung
Authors: Schreiber Julia
Published: December 2022

In den letzten Jahren hat sich der gesellschaftliche Imperativ zur Indienstnahme und Verbesserung des Körpers ausgeweitet, wobei sich die Anforderungen und Praktiken für Männer und Frauen in verschiedenen Hinsichten unterscheiden. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist immer wieder auch die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Körperoptimierung und Geschlecht aufgeworfen worden. Aus einer leibphänomenologisch orientierten Perspektive wird in diesem Artikel herausgearbeitet, auf welche Weise Körperoptimierungen durch kulturelle und individuelle Bedeutungen von Körper und Geschlecht befördert werden und wie sie ihrerseits bestimmte Entwürfe von Körper und Geschlecht begünstigen. Dabei gilt es, auf Verbesserung gerichtete Körperpraktiken im Lichte zeitgenössischer Autonomieideale und Verfügbarkeitsansprüche zu beleuchten und dabei insbesondere auch deren psychische Bedeutung in den Blick zu nehmen - werden Körperoptimierungen subjektiv doch höchst unterschiedlich erlebt, mitunter sogar begeistert bejaht oder als Akt der Selbstermächtigung verstanden, aber auch leidvoll und ohnmächtig erfahren.
Virtues, Robots, and Good Lives: Who Cares?
Authors: Ess Charles M.
Published: December 2022

I take up a Virtue Ethics, a "more than human" Care Ethics, relational autonomy, and ethical pluralism to address four problems: (1) developing an Intercultural Information Ethics that avoids both ethical relativism and computer-mediated colonization; (2) preserving democratic polity, norms, and emancipatory imperatives alongside posthumanism; (3) overcoming master-slave relationships with sexbots; (4) overcoming risks of ethical deskilling, of unlearning our capacities for care. Our cultivation of the virtues of care, phronsis, loving, and courage emerge as necessary conditions for good lives of flourishing and pursuits of emancipation, equality, and respect in our human and more than human webs of relationships.
Die Ordnung der Lappmarken
Authors: Becker Andreas
Published: December 2022

Die Etablierung von Herrschaft in Nordskandinavien durch das schwedische Königreich im 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert hat sowohl kolonialisierenden wie auch vergleichenden Charakter. Andreas Becker fokussiert auf die von den zentralen Akteuren verwendeten Vergleichspraktiken und stellt deren Produktivität als zentralen Mechanismus von Herrschaftsorganisation heraus. Dabei fasst er die dort entstehenden Beziehungen weder als einseitig-übermächtigend, noch zeichnet er Schweden als einen »guten Kolonisator«. Stattdessen hebt er die Notwendigkeit von Aushandlung in einer innereuropäischen kolonialen Kontaktzone hervor, die bisher nicht auf diese Art untersucht wurde.
Die Zukunft der Literaturmuseen
Authors: Zeissig Vanessa
Published: December 2022

Literaturmuseen basieren auf der Heroisierung von Einzelpersonen und repräsentieren dadurch ein ›weiß‹ und ›männlich‹ geprägtes Bild des literarischen Kulturerbes. Mit dem Fokus auf die Ausstellbarkeit von Literatur stellt sich das Literaturmuseumswesen jedoch nicht gegen das patriarchale und nationale Fundament, sondern trägt vielmehr zur Aufrechterhaltung des Systems bei. Vanessa Zeissig untersucht die Debattengeschichte und formuliert eine progressive Institutionskritik. Sie setzt sich mit institutionellen Machtstrukturen, Ökonomisierung und anderen Missständen auseinander, analysiert die Verantwortung von Gestaltung und fordert schließlich eine politisierte Transformation von Literaturmuseen.
Epigenetik als Intra-aktion
Authors: Krall Lisa
Published: December 2022

Die Epigenetik verspricht, Wechselwirkungen von Gen und Umwelt klären zu können. Differenzen sind dabei ein zentrales Moment, das jedoch ständig in Bewegung ist, wie Lisa Krall zeigt. Anhand von umweltepigenetischen Studien analysiert sie mit einem innovativen Vorgehen, inwiefern stabil geglaubte Einteilungen brüchig werden. Mit Hilfe eines diffraktiven Lesens (Karen Barad) ergeben sich unerwartete Perspektiven und Anordnungen: Neben klassischen Interaktionen werden auch Intra-aktionen aufgedeckt. Diese verweisen darauf, dass Differenzsetzungen situativ sind und andere Geschichten und Figurationen jenseits hegemonialer Einteilungen und Anrufungen eröffnen.
INFLUÊNCIA DA PLUVIOSIDADE E TEMPERATURA AMBIENTE NA LONGEVIDADE E FECUNDIDADE DOS AEDES AEGYPTI E ALBOPICTUS NA CIDADE DE GUARAPUAVA-PR E POSSIBILIDADE DE SUPERINFESTAÇÃO
Authors: Ajuz Luciana Conrado , Vestena Leandro Redin
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a possibilidade de superinfestação dos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e albopictus na cidade de Guarapuava-PR, região Sul do Brasil. Para tal avaliaram-se as variáveis climáticas temperatura e pluviosidade e os limites de tolerância ao desenvolvimento e proliferação dos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e albopictus, mais especificamente, a temperatura mínima, máxima e a chuva como fator limitante, além de monitorar armadilhas larvitrampas, com a finalidade de identificar a presença ou não dos mosquitos Aedes na cidade de Guarapuava, e de levantar o número de casos de dengue registrados na cidade. Os resultados obtidos apontam que apesar do fator limitante da temperatura mínima ao desenvolvimento dos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e albopictus na cidade, em determinados períodos do ano foram identificados focos dos mosquitos que podem potencializar a ocorrência de uma superinfestação dos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e albopictus na cidade.
APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO SCAN PARA A DETECÇÃO DE CONGLOMERADOS ESPACIAIS DOS ACIDENTES DE TRÂNSITO OCORRIDOS EM JOÃO PESSOA-PB
Authors: Pereira Ana Paula de Jesus Tomé , Moraes Ronei Marcos de , Vianna Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo
Published: December 2022

Este estudo objetivou identificar um padrão na distribuição espacial dos acidentes de trânsito com vítimas em João Pessoa, utilizando os dados do SAMU, entre 2010 e 2011. Trata-se de um estudo de base populacional, com uso de dados secundários para descrever o risco relativo e a distribuição espacial dos acidentes de trânsito utilizando o método Scan. Das 10.070 ocorrências, 1.793 (17,8%) vítimas apresentaram hálito etílico e 85 (0,8%) morreram no local do acidente. A maior parte das vítimas foi do sexo masculino (74,5%), pertencente à faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (37,7%). A maioria dos veículos envolvidos foi composta por motocicletas (52,8%) e a colisão foi o tipo de acidente mais frequente (46,2%). Na análise do risco relativo e da distribuição espacial, verificou-se que os bairros com alto risco relativo e que formaram conglomerados espaciais significativos concentraram-se nas regiões norte, noroeste e nordeste do município. Estas informações podem ser fundamentais para o planejamento e melhor alocação de recursos humanos e materiais, visando prevenção e/ou combate dos acidentes de trânsito em João Pessoa. Eventualmente, ações educativas poderão ser implementadas nos locais indicados pela análise e voltadas
CORRELAÇÃO DE CRIADOUROS DE Biomphalaria sp., HOSPEDEIRO DO Schistosoma mansoni, EM ÁREA DE BAIXA INFRAESTRUTURA SANITÁRIA NO DISTRITO DE MOSQUEIRO, BELÉM, PARÁ
Authors: Moraes Cilanna Nascimento , Bichara Cléa Nazaré Carneiro , Pontes Altem Nascimento , Pinto Sonia Claudia Almeida , Gasparetto Douglas
Published: December 2022

Os movimentos migratórios têm provocado a expansão da esquistossomose mansônica para diferentes áreas do Brasil. A presença dos hospedeiros intermediários do Schistosoma mansoni, constitui condição necessária para que se estabeleça o ciclo de transmissão da endemia, premissa vinculada à baixa infraestrutura de saneamento básico. Na Amazônia, somente o estado do Pará tem focos autóctones deste agravo. A presente pesquisa objetivou mapear criadouros de Biomphalaria sp. e rede de esgoto na área do Aeroporto, no Distrito de Mosqueiro, em Belém-PA, visando a possibilidade do estabelecimento de focos da endemia. Está área foi definida pela maior representatividade dos componentes sociodemográficos, segundo o padrão de territorialização da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os dados foram obtidos por entrevistas domiciliares, uso de informações secundárias de órgãos oficiais e aplicação de geotecnologias. Demarcaram-se oito pontos de criadouros, sobretudo nos peridomicílios, onde existe apenas 7,7% de cobertura de rede de esgoto. Os dados sociodemográficos mostraram que a maioria das famílias se estabelece apenas nas férias. Entre os residentes permanentes, 57,9% procede do próprio Distrito, tem baixo nível de escolaridade, onde 45,6% apresenta ensino fundamental incompleto, 63,2% tem idade de até 50 anos. Observou-se que esta área ainda é indene para esquistossomose, mas a interpolação dos dados das condições biológicas, ecológicas e sociais mostrou que a mesma deverá permanecer sob vigilância quanto à possibilidade da introdução do S. mansoni.