bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA LINC01291 promotes the aggressive properties of melanoma by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA-625-5p and subsequently increasing IGF-1R expression
Authors: Wu Lijun , Li Ke , Lin Wei , Liu Jianjiang , Qi Qiang , Shen Guoliang , Chen Weixin , He Wenjun
Published: March 2021

Studies have confirmed the relationship between dysregulated long noncoding RNAs and melanoma pathogenesis. However, the regulatory functions of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1291 (LINC01291) in melanoma remain unknown. Therefore, we evaluated LINC01291 expression in melanoma and explored its roles in regulating tumor behaviors. Further, the molecular events via which LINC01291 affects melanoma cells were investigated. LINC01291 expression in melanoma cells was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional assays, including the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, cell migration and invasion assays, and tumor xenograft models, were used to examine LINC01291’s role in melanoma cells. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, and western blotting were conducted to determine the tumor-promoting mechanism of LINC01291. LINC01291 was upregulated in melanoma tissues and cell lines. Following LINC01291 knockdown, cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion were diminished, whereas apoptosis was enhanced and the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1. In addition, loss of LINC01291 decreased the chemoresistance of melanoma cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, LINC01291 interference inhibited melanoma tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC01291 functions as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging microRNA-625-5p (miR-625-5p) in melanoma cells and maintaining insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression. Rescue experiments revealed that the roles induced by LINC01291 depletion in melanoma cells could be reversed by suppressing miR-625-5p or overexpressing IGF-1R. Our study identified the LINC01291/miR-625-5p/IGF-1R competing endogenous RNA pathway in melanoma cells, which may represent a novel diagnostic biomarker and an effective therapeutic target for melanoma.
Granzyme B mediates impaired healing of pressure injuries in aged skin
Authors: Turner Christopher T. , Bolsoni Juliana , Zeglinski Matthew R. , Zhao Hongyan , Ponomarev Tatjana , Richardson Katlyn , Hiroyasu Sho , Schmid Erin , Papp Anthony , Granville David J.
Published: March 2021

Pressure injuries (PIs), also known as bedsores or pressure ulcers, are a major cause of death and morbidity in the elderly. The serine protease, Granzyme B (GzmB), contributes to skin aging and impaired wound healing. Aging is a major risk factor for PIs; thus, the role of GzmB in PI pathogenesis was investigated. GzmB levels in human PI tissue and wound fluids were markedly elevated. A causative role for GzmB was assessed in GzmB knockout (GzmB−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice using a murine model of PI. An apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) model of aging and vascular dysfunction was also utilized to assess GzmB in a relevant age-related model better resembling tissue perfusion in the elderly. PI severity displayed no difference between young GzmB−/− and WT mice. However, in aged mice, PI severity was reduced in mice lacking GzmB. Mechanistically, GzmB increased vascular wall inflammation and impaired extracellular matrix remodeling. Together, GzmB is an important contributor to age-dependent impaired PI healing.
Author Correction: A patient-centric dataset of images and metadata for identifying melanomas using clinical context
Authors: Rotemberg Veronica , Kurtansky Nicholas , Betz-Stablein Brigid , Caffery Liam , Chousakos Emmanouil , Codella Noel , Combalia Marc , Dusza Stephen , Guitera Pascale , Gutman David , Halpern Allan , Helba Brian , Kittler Harald , Kose Kivanc , Langer Steve , Lioprys Konstantinos , Malvehy Josep , Musthaq Shenara , Nanda Jabpani , Reiter Ofer , Shih George , Stratigos Alexander , Tschandl Philipp , Weber Jochen , Soyer H. Peter
Published: March 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00865-3.
Lipid, fatty acid, carnitine- and choline derivative profiles in rheumatoid arthritis outpatients with different degrees of periodontal inflammation
Authors: Beyer Kathrin , Lie Stein Atle , Bjørndal Bodil , Berge Rolf K. , Svardal Asbjørn , Brun Johan G. , Bolstad Anne Isine
Published: March 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases with several pathogenic pathways in common. Evidence supports an association between the diseases, but the exact underlying mechanisms behind the connection are still under investigation. Lipid, fatty acid (FA) and metabolic profile alterations have been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases, including RA and periodontitis. Mitochondria have a central role in regulating cellular bioenergetic and whole-body metabolic homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as a possible link between the two disorders. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore whole-blood FA, serum lipid composition, and carnitine- and choline derivatives in 78 RA outpatients with different degrees of periodontal inflammation. The main findings were alterations in lipid, FA, and carnitine- and choline derivative profiles. More specifically, higher total FA and total cholesterol concentrations were found in active RA. Elevated phospholipid concentrations with concomitant lower choline, elevated medium-chain acylcarnitines (MC-AC), and decreased ratios of MC-AC and long-chain (LC)-AC were associated with prednisolone medication. This may indicate an altered mitochondrial function in relation to the increased inflammatory status in RA disease. Our findings may support the need for interdisciplinary collaboration within the field of medicine and dentistry in patient stratification to improve personalized treatment. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to further assess the potential impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on RA and periodontitis.
Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments
Authors: Watanabe Noriaki , Abe Hikaru , Okamoto Atsushi , Nakamura Kengo , Komai Takeshi
Published: March 2021

Superhot geothermal environments in granitic crusts of approximately 400–500 °C are a frontier of geothermal energy. In the development of such environments, there is a concern of a reduction of permeability of fractured granite due to the formation of fine particles of amorphous silica induced by the phase change from subcritical water to supercritical water or superheated steam. However, the formation of silica particles and a resultant reduction in permeability have not been demonstrated to date. Therefore, experiments were conducted on the formation of amorphous silica particles with various combinations of temperature (430–500 °C) and pressure (20–30 MPa), in which the phase change of Si-containing water from liquid to either supercritical fluid or vapor was induced. Amorphous silica nanoparticles occurred under all conditions with smaller particles for higher temperature. The permeability of fractured granite was also observed to decrease significantly within several hours during injection of the particles into rock at 450 °C and 30 MPa under a confining stress of 40 MPa, with slower permeability reduction at a smaller number of particles or in the presence of larger aperture fractures. The present study suggests that the nanoparticles are likely to form and destroy the permeability in superhot geothermal environments, against which countermeasures should be investigated.
Tailings facility disclosures reveal stability risks
Authors: Franks Daniel M. , Stringer Martin , Torres-Cruz Luis A. , Baker Elaine , Valenta Rick , Thygesen Kristina , Matthews Adam , Howchin John , Barrie Stephen
Published: March 2021

Tailings facility failures represent a significant risk to the environment and communities globally, but until now little data was available on the global distribution of risks and characteristics of facilities to ensure proper governance. We conducted a survey and compiled a database with information on tailings facilities disclosed by extractive companies at the request of institutional investors. Despite limitations in the data, this information disclosure request represents the most comprehensive survey of tailings facilities ever undertaken. The compiled dataset includes 1743 tailings facilities and provides insights into a range of topics including construction method, stability, consequence of failure, stored volume, and the rate of uptake of alternative technologies to dewater tailings and reduce geotechnical risk. Our analysis reveals that 10 per cent of tailings facilities reported notable stability concerns or failure to be confirmed or certified as stable at some point in their history, with distinct trends according to construction method, governance, age, height, volume and seismic hazard. Controversy has surrounded the safety of tailings facilities, most notably upstream facilities, for many years but in the absence of definitive empirical data differentiating the risks of different facility types, upstream facilities have continued to be used widely by the industry and a consensus has emerged that upstream facilities can theoretically be built safely under the right circumstances. Our findings reveal that in practice active upstream facilities report a higher incidence of stability issues (18.3%) than other facility types, and that this elevated risk persists even when these facilities are built in high governance settings. In-pit/natural landform and dry-stack facilities report lower incidence of stability issues, though the rate of stability issues is significant by engineering standards (> 2 per cent) across all construction methods, highlighting the universal importance of careful facility management and governance. The insights reported here can assist the global governance of tailings facility stability risks.
Growing scale-free simplices
Authors: Kovalenko Kiriil , Sendiña-Nadal Irene , Khalil Nagi , Dainiak Alex , Musatov Daniil , Raigorodskii Andrei M. , Alfaro-Bittner Karin , Barzel Baruch , Boccaletti Stefano
Published: March 2021

The past two decades have seen significant successes in our understanding of networked systems, from the mapping of real-world networks to the establishment of generative models recovering their observed macroscopic patterns. These advances, however, are restricted to pairwise interactions and provide limited insight into higher-order structures. Such multi-component interactions can only be grasped through simplicial complexes, which have recently found applications in social, technological, and biological contexts. Here we introduce a model to grow simplicial complexes of order two, i.e., nodes, links, and triangles, that can be straightforwardly extended to structures containing hyperedges of larger order. Specifically, through a combination of preferential and/or nonpreferential attachment mechanisms, the model constructs networks with a scale-free degree distribution and an either bounded or scale-free generalized degree distribution. We arrive at a highly general scheme with analytical control of the scaling exponents to construct ensembles of synthetic complexes displaying desired statistical properties.
The Impact of Electric Fields on Chemical Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Shaik S. , Danovich D. , Dubey K. D. , Stuyver T.
Published: March 2021

This chapter describes the use of external-electric fields (EEFs) as effectors of chemical change, with the aim of providing a guiding conceptual framework. As such, the following text intends to serve as a teaching material for readers, on how to conceptualize and design electric-field effects on bonds, structures, and reactions. Many of these effects can be comprehended in terms of valence bond (VB) concepts as the field-induced stabilization of ionic structures. Thus, orienting the field along the “bond axis” will facilitate bond breaking. Similarly, orienting the field along the “reaction axis”, the direction in which electron pairs transform from reactant-to product-like, will lower the reaction barrier. Flipping the field's orientation along the reaction axis will cause inhibition. Orienting the field off-reaction-axis will generally control stereo-selectivity and enantioselectivity, and the removal of forbidden-orbital mixing. Three-directional fields will orient the reactants in space and control their reactivity and selectivity patterns. Increasing the field strength for concerted reactions, e.g., in Diels–Alder and oxidative addition reactions, will cause mechanistic-switchover to stepwise mechanisms with ionic intermediates. Examples of bond breaking and control of reactivity/selectivity and mechanistic crossovers are presented and analysed from the “ionic perspective”. Textboxes and rules summarize the various effects of electric fields.
Relevance of hydrogen bonded associates to the transport properties and nanoscale dynamics of liquid and supercooled 2-propanol
Authors: Zhai Yanqin , Luo Peng , Nagao Michihiro , Nakajima Kenji , Kikuchi Tatsuya , Kawakita Yukinobu , Kienzle Paul A. , Z Y , Faraone Antonio
Published: March 2021

Collective dynamics is Arrhenius over length-scales matching distances between H-bonded associates, and super-Arrhenius on approaching the supercooled state over inter-molecular distances.
Atomistic simulation studies of ionic cyanine dyes: self-assembly and aggregate formation in aqueous solution
Authors: Yu Gary , Walker Martin , Wilson Mark R.
Published: March 2021

Atomistic simulations demonstrate complex self-assembly in cyanine dyes akin to chromonic liquid crystals: H-aggregation, Y-junctions, shift defects and J-aggregate sheet structures.
All-lignin converted graphene quantum dot/graphene nanosheet hetero-junction for high-rate and boosted specific capacitance supercapacitors
Authors: Ding Zheyuan , Mei Xiuwen , Wang Xiluan
Published: March 2021

An all-lignin converted GQDs/Gr hetero-junction was designed by the facile, low-cost, and scalable alkali activation hydrothermal method for high rate and boosted specific capacitance supercapacitors.
The chemistry of mavacurane alkaloids: a rich source of bis-indole alkaloids
Authors: Mauger Audrey , Jarret Maxime , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Poupon Erwan , Evanno Laurent , Vincent Guillaume
Published: March 2021

This review presents the chemistry of mavacuranes, a subfamily of the monoterpene indole alkaloids, from their isolation, biosynthesis, total synthesis to their tendency to assemble with other partners to form intricate bis-indole alkaloids.
Predicting the conformations of the silk protein through deep learning
Authors: Jiang Mingrui , Shu Ting , Ye Chao , Ren Jing , Ling Shengjie
Published: March 2021

Deep learning models are developed to identify the silk proteins and evaluate their relative content of each conformation from FTIR spectra. These models are highly accurate and time-efficient and promise to process massive FTIR data sets.
Photocatalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling of silanes with alcohols and water
Authors: Lv Haiping , Laishram Ronibala Devi , Chen Jingchao , Khan Ruhima , Zhu Yuanbin , Wu Shiyuan , Zhang Jianqiang , Liu Xingyuan , Fan Baomin
Published: March 2021

An efficient method for the dehydrogenative coupling of silanes with alcohols under photocatalysis was developed.
Synthesis and crystal structures of nickel(ii) and palladium(ii) complexes with o-carboranyl amidine ligands
Authors: Stogniy Marina Yu. , Erokhina Svetlana A. , Suponitsky Kirill. Yu. , Markov Vitaliy Yu. , Sivaev Igor B.
Published: March 2021

The synthesis, structure and properties of nickel and palladium complexes on the base of novel nido-carboranyl amidines are described.
Vanadium aminophenolates in catechol oxidation: conformity with Finke's common catalyst hypothesis
Authors: Salonen Pasi , Savela Risto , Peuronen Anssi , Lehtonen Ari
Published: March 2021

Six aminophenolate V-complexes were evaluated in 3,5-DTBC oxidation. All complexes are converted via H2O2 assisted leaching to catalytically active catecholate complexes, with a characteristic EPR spectrum, obeying Finke's common catalyst hypothesis.
Ru(ii)-Catalyzed cascade decarbonylative annulation and dehydrogenative alkenylation reactions: synthesis of phthalides
Authors: Baruah Swagata , Sultana Sabera , Bhorali Pratiksha , Saikia Pallabi , Gogoi Sanjib
Published: March 2021

Ru(ii)-Catalyzed annulative cascade transformation of phthalic anhydrides and acrylates into 3,7-disubstituted phthalides is reported.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of a ternary heterojunction g-C3N4/Bi2S3/In2S3photocatalyst and its enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhao Teng , Zhu Xiaofeng , Huang Yufan , Wang Zijun
Published: March 2021

The proposed photocatalytic mechanism for the degradation of RhB on the surface of the 0.05CN/Bi2S3/In2S3composite.
Molecular design of a multifunctional binder via grafting and crosslinking for high performance silicon anodes
Authors: Cao Zhang , Zheng Xueying , Huang Weibo , Wang Yan , Qu Qunting , Huang Yunhui , Zheng Honghe
Published: March 2021

A multifunctional polymeric network by molecular design via grafting acrylamide (AAm) monomer onto polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and intermolecular crosslinking.
Molecular design of peptide amphiphiles for controlled self-assembly and drug release
Authors: Liu Ziqi , Tang Xuan , Feng Feng , Xu Jing , Wu Can , Dai Guoru , Yue Wanqing , Zhong Wenying , Xu Keming
Published: March 2021

Peptide amphiphiles with various capping groups and hydrophilic domains were synthesized to control their self-assembling capabilities, that gave nanofibrillar hydrogels for tunable release of doxorubicin.
Hyaluronic acid drives mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular matrix assembly by promoting fibronectin fibrillogenesis
Authors: Assunção Marisa , Yiu Chi Him Kendrick , Wan Ho-Ying , Wang Dan , Ker Dai Fei Elmer , Tuan Rocky S. , Blocki Anna
Published: March 2021

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is present at sites of ongoing fibronectin fibrillogenesis (fibrillar adhesions) and necessary for efficient fibronectin fibrillogenesis. As a result, fibronectin deposition can be enhanced by exogenous HA.
The first GeV flare of the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 2004–447
Authors: Gokus A. , Paliya V. S. , Wagner S. M. , Buson S. , D’Ammando F. , Edwards P. G. , Kadler M. , Meyer M. , Ojha R. , Stevens J. , Wilms J.
Published: March 2021

Context.On 2019 October 25, theFermi-Large Area Telescope observed the first everγ-ray flare from the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 2004−447 (z = 0.24). Prior to this discovery, only four sources of this type had shown a flare at gigaelectronvolt energies.

Aims.We report on follow-up observations in the radio, optical-UV, and X-ray bands that were performed by ATCA, theNeil Gehrels SwiftObservatory,XMM-Newton, andNuSTAR, respectively, and analyse these multi-wavelength data with a one-zone leptonic model in order to understand the physical mechanisms that were responsible for the flare.

Methods.We study the source’s variability across all energy bands and additionally produceγ-ray light curves with different time binnings to study the variability inγ-rays on short timescales during the flare. We examine the combined X-ray spectrum from 0.5 to 50 keV by describing the spectral shape with an absorbed power law. We analyse multi-wavelength datasets before, during, and after the flare and compare these with a low activity state of the source by modelling the respective spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with a one-zone synchrotron inverse Compton radiative model. Finally, we compare the variability and the SEDs toγ-ray flares previously observed from otherγ-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies.

Results.Atγ-ray energies (0.1−300 GeV) the flare reached a maximum flux of (1.3 ± 0.2) × 10−6ph cm−2s−1in daily binning and a total maximum flux of (2.7 ± 0.6) × 10−6ph cm−2s−1when a 3 h binning was used. With a photon index of Γ0.1−300 GeV = 2.42 ± 0.09 during the flare, this corresponds to an isotropicγ-ray luminosity of (2.9 ± 0.8) × 1047erg s−1. Theγ-ray, X-ray, and optical-UV light curves that cover the end of September to the middle of November show significant variability, and we find indications for flux-doubling times of ∼2.2 h atγ-ray energies. The soft X-ray excess, which is observed for most narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, is not visible in this source. During the flare, the SED exhibits large Compton dominance. While the increase in the optical-UV range can be explained by enhanced synchrotron emission, the elevatedγ-ray flux can be accounted for by an increase in the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet, similar to that observed for other flaringγ-ray blazars.
Long-term X-ray spectral evolution of ultraluminous X-ray sources: implications on the accretion flow geometry and the nature of the accretor
Authors: Gúrpide A. , Godet O. , Koliopanos F. , Webb N. , Olive J.-F.
Published: March 2021

Context. The discovery of pulsations in several ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) has demonstrated that a fraction of them are powered by super-Eddington accretion onto neutron stars (NSs). This has raised questions regarding the NS to black hole (BH) ratio within the ULX population and the physical mechanism that allows ULXs to reach luminosities well in excess of their Eddington luminosity. Is this latter the presence of strong magnetic fields or rather the presence of strong outflows that collimate the emission towards the observer?

Aims. In order to distinguish between these scenarios, namely, supercritically accreting BHs, weakly magnetised NSs, or strongly magnetised NSs, we study the long-term X-ray spectral evolution of a sample of 17 ULXs with good long-term coverage, 6 of which are known to host NSs. At the same time, this study serves as a baseline to identify potential new NS-ULX candidates.

Methods. We combine archival data from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR observatories in order to sample a wide range of spectral states for each source. We track the evolution of each source in a hardness–luminosity diagram in order to identify spectral changes, and show that these can be used to constrain the accretion flow geometry, and in some cases the nature of the accretor.

Results. We find NS-ULXs to be among the hardest sources in our sample with highly variable high-energy emission. On this basis, we identify M 81 X-6 as a strong NS-ULX candidate, whose variability is shown to be akin to that of NGC 1313 X-2. For most softer sources with an unknown accretor, we identify the presence of three markedly different spectral states, which we interpret by invoking changes in the mass-accretion rate and obscuration by the supercritical wind/funnel structure. Finally, we report on a lack of variability at high energies (≳10 keV) in NGC 1313 X-1 and Holmberg IX X-1, which we argue may offer a means to differentiate BH-ULXs from NS-ULXs.

Conclusions. We support a scenario in which the hardest sources in our sample might be powered by strongly magnetised NSs, meaning that the high-energy emission is dominated by the hard direct emission from the accretion column. Instead, softer sources may be explained by weakly magnetised NSs or BHs, in which the presence of outflows naturally explains their softer spectra through Compton down-scattering, their spectral transitions, and the dilution of the pulsed-emission should some of these sources contain NSs.
The OTELO survey
Authors: Cedrés B. , Bongiovanni Á. , Cerviño M. , Nadolny J. , Cepa J. , de Diego J. A. , Pérez García A. M. , Gallego J. , Lara-López M. A. , Sánchez-Portal M. , González-Serrano J. I. , Alfaro E. J. , Navarro Martínez R. , Pérez Martínez R. , González J. J. , Padilla Torres C. P. , Castañeda H. O. , González M.
Published: March 2021

Aims. In this paper, we aim to study the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [O II]3727 emitters detected in the OTELO survey in order to characterise the star formation processes in low-mass galaxies at z ∼ 1.43 and to constrain the faint-end of the LF.

Methods. Here, we describe the selection method and analysis of the emitters obtained from narrow-band scanning techniques. In addition, we present several relevant properties of the emitters and discuss the selection biases and uncertainties in the determination of the LF and the star formation rate density (SFRD).

Results. We confirmed a total of 60 sources from a preliminary list of 332 candidates as [O II]3727 emitters. Approximately 93% of the emitters have masses in the range of 108 < M*/M⊙ < 109. All of our emitters are classified as late-type galaxies, with a lower value of (u − v) when compared with the rest of the emitters of the OTELO survey. We find that the cosmic variance strongly affects the normalisation (ϕ*) of the LF and explains the discrepancy of our results when compared with those obtained from surveys of much larger volumes. However, we are able to determine the faint-end slope of the LF, namely, α = −1.42 ± 0.06, by sampling the LF down to ∼1 dex lower than in previous works. We present our calculation of the SFRD of our sample and compare it to the value obtained in previous studies from the literature.
Fast methods for tracking grain coagulation and ionization
Authors: Marchand P. , Guillet V. , Lebreuilly U. , Mac Low M.-M.
Published: March 2021

Dust grains play a major role in many astrophysical contexts. They affect the chemical, magnetic, dynamical, and optical properties of their environment, from galaxies down to the interstellar medium, star-forming regions, and protoplanetary disks. Their coagulation leads to shifts in their size distribution and ultimately to the formation of planets. However, although the coagulation process is reasonably uncomplicated to numerically implement by itself, it is difficult to couple it with multidimensional hydrodynamics numerical simulations because of its high computational cost. We propose here a simple method for tracking the coagulation of grains at far lower cost. Given an initial grain size distribution, the state of the distribution at time t is solely determined by the value of a single variable integrated along the trajectory, independently of the specific path taken by the grains. Although this method cannot account for processes other than coagulation, it is mathematically exact, fast, inexpensive, and can be used to evaluate the effect of grain coagulation in most astrophysical contexts. It is applicable to all coagulation kernels in which local physical conditions and grain properties can be separated. We also describe another method for calculating the average electric charge of grains and the density of ions and electrons in environments that are shielded from radiation fields, given the density and temperature of the gas, the cosmic-ray ionization rate, and the average mass of the ions. The equations we provide are fast to integrate numerically and can be used in multidimensional numerical simulations to self-consistently calculate on the fly the local resistivities that are required to model nonideal magnetohydrodynamics.
Distance to three molecular clouds in the central molecular zone
Authors: Nogueras-Lara F. , Schödel R. , Neumayer N. , Schultheis M.
Published: March 2021

Context. The determination of absolute and relative distances of molecular clouds along the line-of-sight towards the central molecular zone (CMZ) is crucial for inferring its orbital structure and dynamics and for understanding star formation in the clouds.

Aims. Recent work has suggested that the G0.253+0.016 cloud (the Brick) does not belong to the CMZ. This motivated us to crosscheck those results, computing the absolute and relative distances to the Brick as well as to another two molecular clouds (the 50 km s−1 and the 20 km s−1 clouds), and discuss their CMZ membership.

Methods. We used the colour magnitude diagrams Ks versus H − Ks to compare stars detected towards the target clouds with stars detected towards three reference regions in the nuclear stellar disc (NSD) and the Galactic bulge. We used red clump (RC) stars to estimate the distance to each region.

Results. We found that all the clouds present a double RC feature. Such a double RC has been reported in previous work for the NSD, but not for the bulge adjacent to it. We exclude the possibility that the different RC features are located at significantly different distances. The obtained absolute and relative distances are compatible with the Galactic centre distance (∼8 kpc).
Convergence of the naturalp-means for thep-Laplacian
Authors: Manfredi Juan J. , Stroffolini Bianca
Published: March 2021

We prove uniform convergence in Lipschitz domains of approximations top-harmonic functions obtained using the naturalp-means introduced by Ishiwata, Magnanini, and Wadade [Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ.56(2017) 97]. We also consider convergence of natural means in the Heisenberg group in the case of smooth domains.
A non-local macroscopic model for traffic flow
Authors: Ciotir Ioana , Fayad Rim , Forcadel Nicolas , Tonnoir Antoine
Published: March 2021

In this work, we propose a non-local Hamilton–Jacobi model for traffic flow and we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of this model. This model is justified as the limit of a rescaled microscopic model. We also propose a numerical scheme and we prove an estimate error between the continuous solution of this problem and the numerical one. Finally, we provide some numerical illustrations.
A generalized finite element method for problems with sign-changing coefficients
Authors: Chaumont-Frelet Théophile , Verfürth Barbara
Published: March 2021

Problems with sign-changing coefficients occur, for instance, in the study of transmission problems with metamaterials. In this work, we present and analyze a generalized finite element method in the spirit of the localized orthogonal decomposition, that is especially efficient when the negative and positive materials exhibit multiscale features. We derive optimal linear convergence in the energy norm independently of the potentially low regularity of the exact solution. Numerical experiments illustrate the theoretical convergence rates and show the applicability of the method for a large class of sign-changing diffusion problems.
Intestinal transcriptomes in Kazakh sheep with different haplotypes after experimentalEchinococcus granulosusinfection
Authors: Li Xin , Jiang Song , Wang Xuhai , Jia Bin
Published: March 2021

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic zoonosis caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestodeEchinococcus granulosus. As the intermediate host, sheep are highly susceptible to this disease. Our previous studies have shown that sheep with haplotypeMHC MvaIbc-SacIIab-Hin1I ab were resistant to CE infection, while their counterparts without this haplotype were not. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of resistance in Kazakh sheep, after selecting the differential miRNA in our previous study, herein, transcriptome analyses were conducted to detect the differential expression genes in the intestinal tissue of Kazakh sheep with resistant and non-resistant MHC haplotypes, after peroral infection withE. granulosuseggs. A total of 3835 differentially expressed genes were identified between the two groups, with 2229 upregulated and 1606 downregulated. Further function analysis showed that the most significant genes were related to both innate immune response and adaptive response participating in the defense againstE.granulosusinfection and the metabolic changes associated with it. The results suggest that genes related to lectin receptors, NK cells activation, chemokines, and tumor necrosis factor, may play important roles in the response of intestinal tissue toE. granulosus.
Du réel en période de pandémie
Authors: Vuillod Marielle
Published: March 2021

Parmi les nombreux bouleversements provoqués par le contexte pandémique qui est le nôtre depuis mars 2020, deux modalités de prise en compte du réel me semblent pouvoir comporter une dimension transformationnelle pour la pratique et la recherche cliniques en psychopathologie psychanalytique. Ainsi, la visibilité inédite de la recherche médicale, en particulier médiatique, a mis en lumière les limites d’une approche quantitative qui se priverait de la prise en compte de la complexité du sujet, illustrant ainsi toute la pertinence de la recherche qualitative. Et la nécessaire adaptation du cadre analytique a permis de poursuivre les traitements psychothérapeutiques, voire d’en initier de nouveaux, tout en travaillant opportunément avec les nouveaux matériaux transféro-contre-transférentiels.
The impact of content knowledge on the adoption of a critical curriculum model by history teachers-in-training
Authors: Parra-Monserrat David , Fuertes-Muñoz Carlos , Asensi-Silvestre Elvira , Colomer-Rubio Juan Carlos
Published: March 2021

This work analyses the impact of disciplinary training on future Primary and Secondary School teachers’ decision to adopt a critical approach for teaching history. To do this, we will use a two-phase mixed methodological approach (quantitative and qualitative) to analyse the relationship between their previous training and the use of epistemological and psycho-pedagogical objectives and paradigms as outlined in a critical curriculum model. As regards data collection in the first phase, a closed questionnaire was created and validated, using a Likert-style (1–5) evaluation scale. The data was codified using the statistical package SPSS v.26.0 for subsequent analysis. The selected sample included 215 students from a Spanish university on the following courses: Degree in Primary Education (n = 145) and Master’s Degree in Secondary School Teaching specialised in history and geography (n = 70). They were all in the last stage of their initial training. In the second phase, we selected some of the students to participate in discussion groups, where they were able to go into more depth with their answers. In this way, we could better understand the link between their disciplinary training and the adoption of a determined model of history education. To do this, we separated them into three groups with different profiles: students taking the Degree in Primary Education unrelated with History (n = 8), students taking the Degree in Primary Education specialised in arts and humanities (n = 8) and students taking the Master’s Degree in Secondary School Teaching specialised in history and geography (n = 8). The data was gathered using an open coding procedure, based on several categories, which allowed us to compare the different questionnaires. The results reveal significant differences between the different groups. As such, we can conclude as to the importance of mastering epistemological disciplinary knowledge to break with certain traditions which impede innovation and make the adoption of a critical educational model more difficult.
Numerical study of the coherent structures in a transitional vertical channel natural convection flow
Authors: Thebault M. , Giroux-Julien S. , Timchenko V. , Reizes J. , Ménézo C.
Published: March 2021

Numerical simulations of a spatially developing transitional flow in a vertical channel with one side uniformly heated and subjected to random velocity fluctuations at the inlet have been performed. Two characteristic frequency bands are observed in the flow, near the heated wall. The ability of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and the time-domain Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) to decompose the flow is assessed, and SPOD is shown to be a powerful tool, as it is capable of separating the most energetic modes into two great families whose frequency content matches the frequency bands previously identified. The spatial structure of the modes is described, and their contribution to the turbulent heat transfer and velocity-temperature correlation is evaluated. Finally, the modes are linked to coherent structures that are observed in instantaneous visualizations of the flow, and a scenario of the development of the coherent structures in the laminar-turbulent transitional process is proposed.
DANTE as a primary temperature diagnostic for the NIF iron opacity campaign
Authors: Opachich Y. P. , Dodd E. S. , Heeter R. F. , Harris C. D. , Johns H. M. , Kline J. L. , Krasheninnikova N. S. , May M. J. , Moore A. S. , Rubery M. S. , Schneider M. B. , Urbatsch T. J. , Widmann K. , Perry T. S.
Published: March 2021

The Opacity Platform on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been developed to measure iron opacities at varying densities and temperatures relevant to the solar interior and to verify recent experimental results obtained at the Sandia Z-machine, that diverge from theory. The first set of NIF experiments collected iron opacity data at ∼150 eV to 160 eV and an electron density of ∼7 × 1021 cm−3, with a goal to study temperatures up to ∼210 eV, with electron densities of up to ∼3 × 1022 cm−3. Among several techniques used to infer the temperature of the heated Fe sample, the absolutely calibrated DANTE-2 filtered diode array routinely provides measurements of the hohlraum conditions near the sample. However, the DANTE-2 temperatures are consistently low compared to pre-shot LASNEX simulations for a range of laser drive energies. We have re-evaluated the estimated uncertainty in the reported DANTE-2 temperatures and also the error generated by varying channel participation in the data analysis. An uncertainty of ±5% or better can be achieved with appropriate spectral coverage, channel participation, and metrology of the viewing slot.
Effect of easy axis alignment on dynamic magnetization of immobilized and suspended magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Elrefai Ahmed L. , Enpuku Keiji , Yoshida Takashi
Published: March 2021

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely studied for use in biomedical applications such as magnetic particle imaging and magnetic hyperthermia. We studied the effect of easy axis alignment on dynamic magnetization of both immobilized and suspended MNPs. For immobilized samples, easy axes of magnetization were aligned by applying a dc field during immobilization. For suspended samples, the applied ac field was set so that the alignment of the easy axes was caused by the ac field. Magnetization (M–H) curves of MNPs with different degrees of easy axis alignment were measured with an applied ac field. We found that the easy axis alignment of MNPs considerably affects their M–H curve and harmonic spectra, which indicates the importance of this alignment for their biomedical applications. The experimental results were quantitatively explained with numerical simulation that took account of easy axis alignment and core size distribution in the sample. We can express the degree of easy axis alignment using a distribution function of the easy axis angle for both immobilized and suspended cases. The distribution function will be useful for quantitatively evaluating MNP performance in biomedical applications.
Advances in magneto-ionic materials and perspectives for their application
Authors: Nichterwitz M. , Honnali S. , Kutuzau M. , Guo S. , Zehner J. , Nielsch K. , Leistner K.
Published: March 2021

The possibility of tuning magnetic material properties by ionic means is exciting both for basic science and, especially in view of the excellent energy efficiency and room temperature operation, for potential applications. In this perspective, we shortly introduce the functionality of magneto-ionic materials and focus on important recent advances in this field. We present a comparative overview of state-of-the-art magneto-ionic materials considering the achieved magnetoelectric voltage coefficients for magnetization and coercivity and the demonstrated time scales for magneto-ionic switching. Furthermore, the application perspectives of magneto-ionic materials in data storage and computing, magnetic actuation, and sensing are evaluated. Finally, we propose potential research directions to push this field forward and tackle the challenges related to future applications.
Coupling of machine learning methods to improve estimation of ground coverage from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery for high-throughput phenotyping of crops
Authors: Hu Pengcheng , Chapman Scott C. , Zheng Bangyou
Published: March 2021

Ground coverage (GC) allows monitoring of crop growth and development and is normally estimated as the ratio of vegetation to the total pixels from nadir images captured by visible-spectrum (RGB) cameras. The accuracy of estimated GC can be significantly impacted by the effect of ‘mixed pixels’, which is related to the spatial resolution of the imagery as determined by flight altitude, camera resolution and crop characteristics (fine vs coarse textures). In this study, a two-step machine learning method was developed to improve the accuracy of GC of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) estimated from coarse-resolution RGB images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at higher altitudes. The classification tree-based per-pixel segmentation (PPS) method was first used to segment fine-resolution reference images into vegetation and background pixels. The reference and their segmented images were degraded to the target coarse spatial resolution. These degraded images were then used to generate a training dataset for a regression tree-based model to establish the sub-pixel classification (SPC) method. The newly proposed method (i.e. PPS-SPC) was evaluated with six synthetic and four real UAV image sets (SISs and RISs, respectively) with different spatial resolutions. Overall, the results demonstrated that the PPS-SPC method obtained higher accuracy of GC in both SISs and RISs comparing to PPS method, with root mean squared errors (RMSE) of less than 6% and relative RMSE (RRMSE) of less than 11% for SISs, and RMSE of less than 5% and RRMSE of less than 35% for RISs. The proposed PPS-SPC method can be potentially applied in plant breeding and precision agriculture to balance accuracy requirement and UAV flight height in the limited battery life and operation time.
Homozygous
IL37
mutation associated with infantile inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zhang Zinan Z. , Zhang Yu , He Tingyan , Sweeney Colin L. , Baris Safa , Karakoc-Aydiner Elif , Yao Yikun , Ertem Deniz , Matthews Helen F. , Gonzaga-Jauregui Claudia , Malech Harry L. , Su Helen C. , Ozen Ahmet , Smith Kenneth G. C. , Lenardo Michael J.
Published: March 2021

Interleukin (IL)-37, an antiinflammatory IL-1 family cytokine, is a key suppressor of innate immunity. IL-37 signaling requires the heterodimeric IL-18R1 and IL-1R8 receptor, which is abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Here we report a 4-mo-old male from a consanguineous family with a homozygous loss-of-function
IL37
mutation. The patient presented with persistent diarrhea and was found to have infantile inflammatory bowel disease (I-IBD). Patient cells showed increased intracellular IL-37 expression and increased proinflammatory cytokine production. In cell lines, mutant IL-37 was not stably expressed or properly secreted and was thus unable to functionally suppress proinflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cell–derived macrophages from the patient revealed an activated macrophage phenotype, which is more prone to lipopolysaccharide and IL-1β stimulation, resulting in hyperinflammatory tumor necrosis factor production. Insights from this patient will not only shed light on monogenic contributions of I-IBD but may also reveal the significance of the IL-18 and IL-37 axis in colonic homeostasis.
TAligner 3.0
Authors: Sanz-Villar Zuriñe , Andaluz-Pinedo Olaia
Published: March 2021

In 2010 the TRALIMA/ITZULIK research group began developing a tool to create parallel and multilingual corpora. This would serve (among other functions) to explain, describe, and predict translational behaviour in terms of translational norms and laws (Toury 2012). Instead of relying on already existing resources, it was decided to invest in the creation of a new tool. As a result, TAligner 3.0 enables users to create corpora simultaneously aligning any number of texts (as required by the research) as well as compile corpora consisting of different text types. Furthermore, unlike most tools the aligned corpora can be queried within the program. The aim of this paper is to present, firstly, TAligner 3.0 and secondly, two parallel corpora built using this tool.
Developing a corpus-informed tool for Spanish professionals writing specialised texts in English
Authors: Pérez Blanco María , Izquierdo Marlén
Published: March 2021

This chapter describes the development and use of Promociona-TÉ, a tool for Spanish professionals who need to write herbal tea promotional texts (HTPTs) in English. The tool was developed from a comparable-corpus approach, given the absence of parallel corpora for under-researched domains (Skadiņa et al. 2010) such as HTPTs. It is the result of applying the insights of contrastive linguistic research in the workplace towards overcoming problems of communication (Rabadán 2019). Two analyses were conducted at the rhetorical and lexicogrammatical levels, providing the tool with a prototypical macrostructure of HTPTs together with a pool of drafting lines and a domain-specific bilingual glossary. We conclude by describing three advantages of this text generator over the use of translation, either human or machine.
English and Spanish discourse markers in translation
Authors: Lavid-López Julia
Published: March 2021

The study and annotation of discourse markers (DMs) in the context of translation is a much needed and challenging task not only for descriptive translation studies, but also for Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. Their various meanings are difficult to identify and annotate, even for trained human experts. In this chapter, a methodology for the analysis and annotation of DMs is proposed, using three highly frequent DMs in English -in fact, actually and really- and their translations into Spanish as a case study. The methodology consists of an initial corpus analysis phase followed by a corpus annotation phase. The corpus analysis provides qualitative and quantitative information on the meanings of these DMs by looking at their translations in large parallel corpora. The corpus annotation phase specifies the annotation procedure, which can be generalized to other DMs and to other language pairs, and form the basis for large-scale cross-linguistic annotation of DMs.
The discourse markers well and so and their equivalents in the Portuguese and Turkish subparts of the TED-MDB corpus
Authors: Mendes Amália , Zeyrek Deniz
Published: March 2021

The present research describes how the PDTB style of discourse annotation has been applied to transcribed TED Talks in the TED-MDB corpus, which include multifunctional elements such as well and so. The occurrence of these two markers is analyzed in English in comparison to the way they are conveyed in Portuguese and Turkish translations of TED-MDB. Their presence in discourse relations, as well as in question-response pairs found in TED Talks, are investigated. The implicitation of well and so in translation is shown to be related to their function in the context. Results also point to differences in the target languages regarding implicitation, especially when the discourse marker doesn’t fulfil a connective function.
The translation for dubbing of Westerns in Spain
Authors: Sanderson John D.
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyze the process by which the audiovisual translation of American films has contributed to develop sociolects composed of distinctive lexis in various languages (Spanish or Italian, for instance) linked to specific genres such as Westerns or science fiction. With the compilation of a parallel corpus of source texts in English and their translation into Spanish, a diachronic analysis would enable researchers to identify linguistic recurrences that have developed them in a target culture. The Western, the most distinctive American film genre and culturally alien in origin to other cultural contexts, is chosen to analyze how a sociolect was formed in Spain with lexical elements, many of which did not follow word usage rules, but that became a requirement for acceptability in its polysystem.