bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan Extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus and Improvement of its Antibacterial Activity by Gamma Radiation
Authors: Kabir Md Tanvir , Kabir Md Shahinur , Miah Abdul Bathen , Sarker Md Azadul Kabir , Pramanik Md Kamruzzaman
Published: January 2021

This study was carried out to determine the physicochemical characteristics such as intrinsic viscosity (IV), molecular weight (MW), water binding capacity (WBC), and fat binding capacity (FBC) of chitosan extracted Pleurotus ostreatus fruit body. Antibacterial activity of the gamma irradiated chitosan was also determined. The intrinsic viscosity, MW, WBC and FBC of the produced chitosan were 769.69 ml/g, 1.8×105 Da, 408% and 234%, respectively. The fungal chitosan was subjected to different doses (viz., 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kGy) of radiation from 60Co gamma source to observe the effect of gamma radiation on its antibacterial activity. After irradiation, antibacterial activity was evaluated and compared with that of non-irradiated chitosan. Non-irradiated chitosan showed moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 35150, and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 whereas chitosan samples treated with 5, 10 and 20 kGy gamma irradiation separately have shown enhanced antibacterial activity than that of non-irradiated chitosan against the above-mentioned bacteria. However, higher doses of gamma irradiation (30 kGy and 40 kGy) caused a gradual decline of the antibacterial activity.

Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 37 Number 2 December 2020, pp 52-55
PENGARUH REKRUTMEN, PELATIHAN, DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT INDO SUHAR JAYA CABANG BOGOR
Authors: Putro Wisnu Wardani Sutarno , Laela Siti
Published: January 2021

Rekrutmen, pelatihan, dan kompensasi dapat mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan pada PT Indo Suhar Jaya. Untuk menjawab maka diperlukan membuktikan pengaruh penelitian dari ketiga faktor independen terhadap faktor dependen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh rekrutmen terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Indo Suhar Jaya, (2) pengaruh pelatihan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Indo Suhar Jaya, (3) pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Indo Suhar Jaya. Dalam penelitian ini penulis mengambil sampel sebanyak 52 karyawan dengan jumlah populasi 110 karyawan, dengan menggunakan rumus slovin. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebar kepada responden. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji regresi linier berganda, uji koefisien determinan (R2), dan pengujian hipotesis melalui uji t dan uji F. Penelitian ini menghasilkan tiga temuan sesuai dengan hipotesis yang diajukan, yaitu: (1) bahwa rekrutmen berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan, (2) bahwa pelatihan berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan, (3) bahwa kompensasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, rekrutmen yang sesuai dengan system dan aturan perusahaan yang baik, pelatihan dan kompensasi yang diberikan kepada karyawannya dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawan pada PT Indo Suhar Jaya Bogor. Kata kunci: Kinerja; Kompensasi; Pelatihan; Rekrutmen
INTERPRETASI RELIEF GANDAWYUHA DI CANDI BOROBUDUR
Authors: Setyawan Hari , Ardiyansyah Panggah , Indra Permana Dhanny , Aristina Mura , Setiyawan Irawan
Published: January 2021

Relief naratif pada Dinding dan Pagar Langkan Candi Borobudur merupakan salah satu atribut dari Warisan Dunia Kompleks Candi Borobudur (Borobudur Temple Compound). Relief tersebut adalah implementasi dari naskah keagamaan Buddha yang berasal dari India dan dipelajari oleh pendukung budaya Candi Borobudur untuk selanjutnya dipahatkan pada bidang candi. Kandungan keilmuan dalam relief naratif Candi Borobudur salah satunya adalah sebagai alat interpretasi kondisi alam dan budaya pada masa Jawa Kuna Abad VIII – X M. Relief Gandawyuha dipahatkan mulai lorong II hingga lorong IV dengan jumlah keseluruhan sebanyak 460 panil. Adapun Sutra Gandawyuha yang menjadi acuannya dapat dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa bagian, bagian pertama adalah adegan pembuka (Nidanaparivarta). Bagian kedua adalah perjalanan mengunjungi mitra-mitra handal. Selanjutnya adalah mengenai sepak terjang Maitreya (Maitreya-vimoksha). Sedangkan yang terakhir adalah tekad Samantabhadra dan Bhadracari yang dapat dijumpai pada dinding lorong IV Candi Borobudur. Sudhana merupakan tokoh utama pada relief Gandawyuha di lorong II Candi Borobudur. Perjalanan Sudhana yang dipahatkan pada Candi Borobudur digambarkan dengan menunggang kuda, berjalan kaki, naik gajah, naik perahu untuk menjelajah ke berbagai tempat untuk berguru. Dalam Berbagai adegan Sudhana digambarkan sebagai sosok laki-laki dengan pakaian, perhiasan, lengkap dengan mahkota yang mewah, duduk menghadap guru dan orang-orang bijaksana. Metode interpretasi relief Gandawyuha dalam kajian ini dimulai dari mengumpulkan data reproduksi foto relief Gandawyuha pada lorong II Candi Borobudur. Penggunaan data sekunder berupa reproduksi foto akan memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas untuk melakukan identifikasi relief. Identifikasi relief dilakukan pada 128 panil relief Gandawyuha pada lorong II Candi Borobudur. Sudhana dan Kalyanamitra merupakan tokoh utama yang diidentifikasi untuk melakukan interpretasi relief. Dari hasil interpretasi relief dapat disampaikan berbagai temuan dari penggambaran Sudhana dan para mitra handal (kalyanamitra) yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai nilai pendidikan karakter. Beberapa nilai pendidikan karakter yang didapatkan dari interpretasi relief Gandawyuha di antaranya adalah cinta tuhan dan alam semesta, tanggung jawab, kemandirian, kejujuran, hormat dan santun, kasih sayang, kepedulian, kerjasama, percaya diri, kreatif, kerja keras, pantang menyerah, keadilan, kepemimpinan, baik, rendah hati, dan toleransi.
KAJIAN SAINTIFIKASI BAHAN KONSERVASI TRADISIONAL BERDASARKAN NASKAH KUNA
Authors: Wahyuningsih Isni , Kusumawati Henny , Atmaja Yudi , Purwoko Al Widyo , Kristiyanto Ari
Published: January 2021

Naskah-naskah kuna masih banyak dijumpai di Nusantara. Di dalam naskah kuna tersebut antara lain memuat pengetahuan tentang praktek-praktek konservasi yang hingga sekarang masih dilakukan masyarakat. Pada Kajian Bahan Konservasi Tradisional Berdasarkan Naskah Kuna pada tahun 2016 – 2018, ditemukan beberapa muatan mengandung aktivitas konservasi tradisional yang mewakili kearifan lokal masyarakat Jawa, Bali dan Sumatra. Sementara itu untuk kajian saintifikasi dipilih sampel untuk bahan konservan yang terdapat dalam naskah kuna yaitu daun sirih (piper betle), biji dan daun bidara (ziziper mauritania).

 

Berdasarkan hasil uji aplikasi minyak daun dan biji bidara (ziziper mauritania) yang diujikan pada serangga (rayap) dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, 5% tidak menunjukkan fungsi sebagai bahan konservan anti serangga. Sementara itu minyak daun sirih (piper betle) yang diujikan pada serangga (rayap) dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, 5% menunjukkan bahwa serangga (rayap) pada konsentrasi 1%  masih ada yang hidup, konsentrasi 3% serangga banyak yang mati, dan serangga pada konsentrasi 5% langsung mati semua. Berdasarkan hasil uji tersebut dapat disimpulkan minyak sirih dapat menjadi bahan alternatif konservan anti serangga (rayap).
Central giant cell lesions with an unusual behavior in patient with Noonan syndrome: A case report with 8-year follow-up
Authors: Assis Gleysson Matias de , Silveira Marcelo Leite Machado da , Santos José Wittor de Macêdo , Chaves Neto Humberto Pereira , Costa Lucas Melo da , Araújo Sérgio Ricardo Fernandes de , Miguel Márcia Cristina da Costa , Germano Adriano Rocha
Published: January 2021

This study describes a patient with Noonan syndrome affected by multiple Central Giant Cell Lesions (CGCL) in jaws. The lesions presented an unusual behavior since there was no regression size after puberty. The syndrome was diagnosed by collecting clinical information, represented by ocular hypertelorism, low insertion of ears, pulmonary stenosis, cryptorchidism, cardiac abnormalities, short stature, multiple CGCL in the jaws, and blood analysis that found a mutation of the PTPN11 gene. The treatment consisted of systemic calcitonin for a period of 14 months and three surgical procedures at distinct moments. The patient is currently with 20 years and in the eighth-year of follow-up. Although he presented an improvement in deformity, radiological findings showed remodeling without resolution of mandibular injuries, making it clear that injuries will did not always regress after puberty and not confirm previously publications in the literature. We therefore advocate a larger time of follow-up before patient discharge in these cases.
A Insurreição de Eros: sobre a falência da capacidade negativa na cultura contemporânea
Authors: Pires Eduardo Dworzecki , Ratto Cleber Gibbon
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho desenvolve uma reflexão acerca da cultura contemporânea e dos modos de vida atuais, discutindo sobre algumas das lógicas que não somente organizam a atualidade, mas também que tornam possível uma série de problemáticas de natureza psicossocial. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa apresentada na forma de ensaio teórico que põe em análise uma cultura marcada pelo impacto das formas atuais do capitalismo em sua face neoliberal. Nesta, há um considerável enaltecimento da felicidade, do prazer, do consumo e da produtividade, de modo que aquilo que escapa ao tempo do capitalismo – como o sofrimento e como a capacidade negativa – deixa de ser valorizado e passa a ser expurgado a qualquer preço. Nesse tempo que postula a felicidade enquanto dever e imperativo, aspectos importantes da existência são desconsiderados em favor de movimentos que encerram a vida nas lógicas do pretenso desenvolvimento econômico. Aponta-se, dessa forma, para a relevância de elementos culturalmente negligenciados como a capacidade negativa e como o sofrimento enquanto ferramentas possíveis na articulação de resistências frente a imposições culturais que cristalizam os modos de ser e de estar no mundo.
Gerakan Fajar Nusantara (GAFATAR) dan Agama Semitik: Antara Toleransi Agama dan Sinkretisme Agama
Authors: Wahyudi Muhammad
Published: January 2021

After the fall of Orde Baru, various religious sects emerged as if they were endless. Not only radical groups but also conservative groups and even splinter groups. These schools are present by offering solutions to various problems faced by society, from the economy to spiritual needs. Al-Qiyadah Al-Islamiyah, which was founded by Ahmad Mushaddeq, for example, is present in a society that is thirsty for spiritual needs. Gerakan Fajar Nusantara (Gafatar), which is a metamorphosis of the Millah Abraham (Komar) Community, is here to offer solutions to the problems of conflict between religious adherents that seem never to be finished in Indonesia. This New Religious Movement offers a new concept regarding the relations between Semitic religions. This movement considers that the differences between Semitic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) are only biological, not theological. This view is the concept of hyper-tolerance, which is the tolerance that crosses the boundaries that differentiate the respective Semitic religions. This view is one of the reasons for the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) to issue a heretical fatwa against Gafatar. The concept of tolerance that is relevant to building harmony between religious communities in Indonesia is the Agree in Disagreement offered by A. Mukti Ali, which is to believe that religion is the best religion without needing to blame other religions. This concept is in line with the values contained in Surah Al-Kafirun, namely allowing other parties to carry out their rituals of worship without the need to be confused with different religious teachings.Keywords: New Religious Movement, Gerakan Fajar Nusantara, Agree in Disagreement.
Revitalisasi Nilai-Nilai Tauhid sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Muslim Progresif dalam Beragama dan Bernegara: Interpretasi dan Aplikasi QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 21-22 Perspektif Teori Hermeneutik Farid Esack
Authors: Rahmatulloh M. Sultan Latif
Published: January 2021

Al Qur'an which is called idiom sālihu likulli zamān wa al-makān and Al Qur'an as hudan li al-nās should be able to be a solution for all aspects of life. On the other hand, the term monotheism is often only interpreted as a theological function that seems so sacred and final. Meanwhile, in the modern context, especially in a state, Al Qur'an is required to answer problems related to issues of the state, especially in Indonesia. By using Farid Esack's Hermeneutic theory, the researcher wants to interpret the verse of Tauhid QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 20-21 and trying to apply it to the life of the state, especially in Indonesia to realize progressive Muslims. Based on the analysis carried out, the results show that the interpretation and application of QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 20-21 in the perspective of Farid Esack's hermeneutic theory. If departing from the moral ideal of QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 20-21 are orders to worship and be grateful for Allah's blessings. So looking at the context in a state, especially in Indonesia, there are three manifestations of the interpretation and application of QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 20-21. First, tauhid means carrying out all the commands of Allah and staying away from all the prohibitions of Allah. second, in the context of Indonesian citizenship, monotheism should accept and respect all racial, ethnic, religious, and cultural differences in Indonesia. Third, tauhid in the context of Indonesian citizenship should take part in public spaces to promote and maintain the unity and welfare of the unitary state of Indonesia.Keywords: Tawheed, Hermeneutics, Progressive Muslims.
Strategi Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Agama Islam kepada Masyarakat melalui Pengajian Jum’at di Kraksaan Probolinggo
Authors: Munif Muhammad
Published: January 2021

People in Kraksaan City, Probolinggo District are religious. In their daily religious activities, they use the great mosque of Ar-Raudlah as a place of religious worship. This mosque is a place where they pray for five times, recite Qoran, contemplate silently (i’tikaf), and involve with religious recitation. A morning class (kuliah shubuh) at Ar-Raudlah is possibly transforming people’s mindset and behavior into more religious, since some of them act illegal lottery and money laundry. By implementing internalisation of religious values with talking (qoulan) technique, they are being regretful, aware of their sins, abandoning these forbidden behaviors, and reinforcing their understanding of Islam. Beside of kuliah shubuh, there are a new program namely interpretation of Koran to increase their understanding of Koran.Keywords: Jum’at recitation, Kraksaan people, internalisastion of Islamic values, masjid Ar Raudlah
Pemberdayaan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Membangun Nilai-Nilai Religius di Desa Wringin Kecamatan Wringin Kabupaten Bondowoso
Authors: Ulum Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Wringin in Bondowoso District is a rural area in which the most of inhabitants are religious, but there are lots of them having deviant behaviors, such as gambling, illegal lottery, and mony laundry. It seems more difficult since he level of social participation in religious teaching is relatively low. Furthermore, the social empowerment is important in terms of religious teaching regularly undertaken in Mosque of Baitus Mukhlisin Islamic Boardingschool. This program is possibly to increase their religious understanding of daily life aspects, such as social moral values, classification of obligatory and meritorious worships, correct praying procedures, right and duty between married couple, religious parenting, etc.Keywords: Wringin Village, Social Participation, Religious Values
An Unconventional Clarion Call for a New Energy Order: Is Covid-19 a Blessing for the Nigerian Energy Sector?
Authors: Kassim-Momodu Momodu , Chifwang Abubakar Ali , Alimi Safiyyah Omorinsola
Published: January 2021

The year 2020 commenced with the global spread of Coronavirus and COVID-19 disease from China to other parts of the world. It was declared a pandemic on May 11, 2020 with recorded cases in all continents except Antarctica. Nigeria recorded its first case of the virus on February 27, 2020 and it has been on a download slope from then on, with over 8,000 cases as at May 27, 2020. Without a doubt, the pandemic has had a number of effects on Nigerian. The national economy, financial and employment status of most citizens hang in uncertainty, health conditions have become a daily concern; amongst other issues plaguing the country in the face of the pandemic.

The disruptions and uncertainties that occurred as a result of the pandemic was a hit to economies of the world. The challenges posed by the virus have expectedly thrown the global economy into a recession, the magnitude and duration of which the world is trying to decipher. The economic effects of the global crisis have been felt in different aspects of the economy, including reduced trade, financial flows, tourism and declining prices of oil, gas and other commodities. This paper will review the state of Nigeria's economy and the petroleum industry before Covid-19, the immediate and long-term impact of coronavirus pandemic on the economy and the petroleum industry, the legislative and executive actions consequent upon the pandemic. The paper will also determine whether the pandemic is a wakeup call to diversify the nation's energy mix and begin an energy transition to a new energy order to improve the economy and achieve decarbonisation in Nigeria.
Prospects for Energy Markets and Investment in Traditional Oil & Gas
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jon , Hartree Andy
Published: January 2021

The oil and gas industry is facing as hostile an environment as it ever has. Already under increasing pressure from a highly vocal environmental lobby, precious sources of capital from all angles were already turning their backs on the industry when COVID-19 struck. The pandemic has provoked a further two-pronged attack on the industry. First, it dealt a huge blow to energy demand, as lock-down grounded economic activity, before driving what are likely to become long-term changes to our behavioural patterns with material consequences on global energy demand. Secondly, and perhaps more worryingly, the COVID-19 experience has given the impression that we can already live without the industry, encouraging the anti-industry lobby yet further.

However, we cannot escape the fact that we are set to rely fundamentally on the oil and gas industry for decades to come. The challenge for the industry is in part to react to the reality of the political environment, evolving the way it operates to show it can deliver the necessary ESG-focused goals, but also to demonstrate that the industry remains a fundamental part of our global economy – our way of life: we need the industry, and the industry needs investment.

COVID-19 did not start the debate, but has been a massive catalyst in raising the awareness of the issues. Through its direct impact on the economics for the industry, as well as helping increase the political pressure on it, the pandemic has increased the threat the industry faces in trying to fund itself sustainably. While many traditional investors count themselves out, the opportunity is opening up for those who recognise the importance of the industry and are prepared to buck the current trend.
The Future of the Oil and Gas Industry in Venezuela in the Years to Come amidst a Challenging Environment of Economic Sanctions, World Recession, a Pandemic, and the Energy Transition
Authors: Celis Simon Herrera , García-Arenas Jesús A.
Published: January 2021

This essay concisely explains the complex condition of the Venezuelan oil and gas industry and its legal, political, and financial hurdles, exploring what has been the history and context in which the COVID-19 pandemic arrived. Building on a complicated global situation surrounded by the pandemic, it asks and gives answers to: What could be expected to recover an economy dependent on the energy industry, based on an evaluation of legislation in force, its impact on private investments and an appraisal of bills and restructuring projects.

Arguments were divided into the current situation, national and international actions for restructuring the oil industry, and the future of the national oil company. The analysis suggests that great changes are necessary for the future of the Venezuelan energy industry with a new public policy agenda mainly driven by private investments, while the energy transition has already started. The conclusion indicates that it is mandatory to assume the recovery of the traditional hydrocarbons sector in Venezuela to point the industry in the transition to decarbonized energy sources, in a world that is struggling with COVID-19.
Energy Arbitration and Emerging Claims: A Post-COVID-19 New Normal?
Authors: Amakiri David Yibakuo , Ezike Solomon Ugochukwu
Published: January 2021

The responses of government to the novel coronavirus has snowballed into circumstances that can aptly be termed a new normal likewise are the ongoing efforts to transition to a low carbon economy. The effect of these combinations is a paradigm shift in the energy sector and the investments that underpin the linkages. Many aspects of these investments in the energy sector have also been thrown into murky waters arising from the hardship operators face now and the consequent inability to perform agreed obligations adequately. In a post-COVID-19 world, these scenarios pose legal risks and will be subject of energy arbitration proceedings.

This article highlights the impact of COVID-19 on the energy industry, the claims emerging from it, and the repercussions for arbitration of energy disputes. It also highlights how these changes affect the quest for a just transition to a low-carbon economy.
Covid-19 Pandemic Deranging Energy Transition in Uganda: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Nakanwagi Susan , Rukundo Ayebare Tom
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus (Covid-19) global pandemic of 2020 is alarming for economic growth and development. Several sectors in the world have experienced shocks, and the energy industry has intensely suffered as characterised by the massive drop in petroleum prices. Only a pick-up in global oil demand would overcome the oil crisis after the lifting of comprehensive lockdown measures and the economic revamp. During this period, environmental advocates are pressing for the transition from traditional fuel sources like coal and oil to renewable energy sources. Moreover, clean energy projects are more likely to be impacted by the pandemic because of the effect on foreign exchange and the global economy. The energy transition has also faced other major setbacks by the Covid-19 crisis. Globally, many policies related to climate and energy, such as the carbon trading scheme of the European Union (EU) have been shelved or postponed. This article thus explores the Covid-19 impact on the global economies with a focus on Uganda which is yet to start actual petroleum production and how they face challenges in adapting to the energy transition movement. The governments are encouraged to realign policies and also extend Covid-19 fiscal recovery packages to cover clean energy investments.
Energy Law Principles and COVID-19
Authors: Mayor Vicente Lopez-Ibor , Heffron Raphael J.
Published: January 2021

It is advanced here that a principle-based approach is needed to develop the energy sector during and after COVID-19. The economic recovery that is needed needs to revolve around ensuring that no one is left behind, and it should be an inclusive transition to a secure and stable low-carbon energy future. There are seven core energy law principles that if applied to the energy sector could enable this to be achieved.
Consumable Indigeneity: A Visual Strategy in the Promotion of Natural Products
Authors: Gonzalez Rodriguez Milton Fernando
Published: January 2021

Central to this paper is to offer an assessment of the notion of indigeneity as a visual reference in the promotion of food natural products. The underlying premise is that widespread assumptions about indigenous epistemologies are manipulated to increase the marketability of items destined for human consumption. To varying extents and in varying ways, a(n) (obscure) link between the products in question and ‘unpolluted’ native communities allegedly legitimize claims about their purity, freshness and wholesomeness. By using social media posts, YouTube videos, advertisement ads and food packaging designs as main objects of study, this paper focuses on the visuality of indigeneity as a marketing strategy for a certain line of food products. As I intend to show, visual codes are used to suggest connections between contents of the products, Indigenous knowledge and health-promoting properties.
A Systematic Review of the Literature and Perspectives on the Role of Biomarkers in the Management of Malnutrition After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Morello Enrico , Guarinoni Milena Giovanna , Arena Francesco , Andreoli Marco , Bernardi Simona , Malagola Michele , Turra Alessandro , Polverelli Nicola , Russo Domenico
Published: January 2021

Malnutrition is a common problem after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and could impair immune function. Immune dysfunction after allo-HSCT may be linked with infections, GVHD, and relapse and negatively affect the outcome. Aim of this review was to identify malnutrition biomarkers, potentially useful for immune-system monitoring, in the setting of allo-HSCT. After a systematic search, no satisfying biomarker was found, except for citrulline. Citrulline could be useful in monitoring gastrointestinal function after allo-HSCT and its role in the complex relationship with immune-system function ought to be better explored. A multi-omics approach, including biomarkers and PRO (patient reported outcomes) is, in our opinion, the optimal way to study the relationship between malnutrition and transplant outcomes.
Thematic Integration Impairments in Primary Progressive Aphasia: Evidence From Eye-Tracking
Authors: Walenski Matthew , Mack Jennifer E. , Mesulam M. Marsel , Thompson Cynthia K.
Published: January 2021

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a degenerative disease affecting language while leaving other cognitive facilities relatively unscathed. The agrammatic subtype of PPA (PPA-G) is characterized by agrammatic language production with impaired comprehension of noncanonical filler-gap syntactic structures, such as object-relatives [e.g., The sandwich that the girl ate (gap) was tasty], in which the filler (the sandwich) is displaced from the object position within the relative clause to a position preceding both the verb and the agent (the girl) and is replaced by a gap linked with the filler. One hypothesis suggests that the observed deficits of these structures reflect impaired thematic integration, including impaired prediction of the thematic role of the filler and impaired thematic integration at the gap, but spared structure building (i.e., creation of the gap). In the current study, we examined the on-line comprehension of object-relative and subject-relative clauses in healthy controls and individuals with agrammatic and logopenic PPA using eye-tracking. Eye-movement patterns in canonical subject-relative clause structures were essentially spared in both PPA groups. In contrast, eye-movement patterns in noncanonical object-relative clauses revealed delayed thematic prediction in both agrammatic and logopenic PPA, on-time structure building (i.e., gap-filling) in both groups, and abnormal thematic integration in agrammatic, but not logopenic, PPA. We argue that these results are consistent with the hypothesis that agrammatic comprehension deficits reflect impaired thematic integration.
Non-invasive Spatial Mapping of Frequencies in Atrial Fibrillation: Correlation With Contact Mapping
Authors: Rodrigo Miguel , Waddell Kian , Magee Sarah , Rogers Albert J. , Alhusseini Mahmood , Hernandez-Romero Ismael , Costoya-Sánchez Alejandro , Liberos Alejandro , Narayan Sanjiv M.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Regional differences in activation rates may contribute to the electrical substrates that maintain atrial fibrillation (AF), and estimating them non-invasively may help guide ablation or select anti-arrhythmic medications. We tested whether non-invasive assessment of regional AF rate accurately represents intracardiac recordings.

Methods: In 47 patients with AF (27 persistent, age 63 ± 13 years) we performed 57-lead non-invasive Electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGI) in AF, simultaneously with 64-pole intracardiac signals of both atria. ECGI was reconstructed by Tikhonov regularization. We constructed personalized 3D AF rate distribution maps by Dominant Frequency (DF) analysis from intracardiac and non-invasive recordings.

Results: Raw intracardiac and non-invasive DF differed substantially, by 0.54 Hz [0.13 – 1.37] across bi-atrial regions (R2 = 0.11). Filtering by high spectral organization reduced this difference to 0.10 Hz (cycle length difference of 1 – 11 ms) [0.03 – 0.42] for patient-level comparisons (R2 = 0.62), and 0.19 Hz [0.03 – 0.59] and 0.20 Hz [0.04 – 0.61] for median and highest DF, respectively. Non-invasive and highest DF predicted acute ablation success (p = 0.04).

Conclusion: Non-invasive estimation of atrial activation rates is feasible and, when filtered by high spectral organization, provide a moderate estimate of intracardiac recording rates in AF. Non-invasive technology could be an effective tool to identify patients who may respond to AF ablation for personalized therapy.
The Trickle-Down Effect of Authoritarian Leadership on Unethical Employee Behavior: A Cross-Level Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Rui Jiang , Qi Lin Xin
Published: January 2021

Authoritarian leadership is of great significance to eastern countries, including China. Meanwhile, unethical employee behavior also exists in all types of social organizations. The relationship between authoritarian leadership and unethical employee behavior is worth studying. Senior leaders (managers) often do not have a direct influence on employees except for through their immediate supervisors. The leadership style of senior leaders also influences the leadership style of their subordinates (employees’ direct supervisors). This paper studies how authoritarian manager leadership trickles down to unethical employee behavior through authoritarian supervisor leadership (through social learning theory and ASA theory) and discusses the moderating effect of leader member exchange (LMX) and an ethical climate. Through a questionnaire survey of 406 pairs of leaders, supervisors, and employees, the research results of the multilevel model show that (1) authoritarian supervisor leadership is positively related to unethical employee behavior, (2) authoritarian supervisor leadership mediates the relationship between authoritarian manager leadership and unethical employee behavior, (3) LMX positively moderates the relationship between authoritarian manager leadership and authoritarian supervisor leadership and moderates the mediating effect of authoritarian supervisor leadership, and (4), that an ethical climate negatively moderates the relationship between authoritarian supervisor leadership and unethical employee behavior and moderates the mediating effect of authoritarian supervisor leadership.
Development of Metacognition in Adolescence: The Congruency-Based Metacognition Scale
Authors: dos Santos Kawata Kelssy Hitomi , Ueno Yuki , Hashimoto Ryuichiro , Yoshino Shinya , Ohta Kazusa , Nishida Atsushi , Ando Shuntaro , Nakatani Hironori , Kasai Kiyoto , Koike Shinsuke
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Previous studies on metacognitive ability were explored using self-report questionnaires that are difficult to adequately measure and evaluate when the capacity for self-reference is undeveloped. This study aimed to validate the Congruency-based Metacognition Scale (CMS) to measure metacognition and the feeling of confidence abilities and to investigate the development of metacognition during adolescence.

Methods

The CMS was administered to 633 child–parent pairs in Japan (child, mean age = 16.0 years, 46.0% female; parent, mean age = 48.3 years, 94.9% mother). The CMS metacognition score was assessed based on congruency scores between the self-report of the child from a third-person perspective (3PP) and the parent’s report from the first-person perspective (1PP). The CMS self-judgment accuracy score was assessed by the congruency scores between the children’s self-report from the 1PP and 3PP. For both measures, the more distant the 3PP on the self-report was from the 1PP on the parent’s report and child self-report means low ability. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to examine construct validity and then a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. Criterion validity was examined by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficients with scores on the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) and Autism Quotient (AQ). We used intraclass correlation and Cronbach’s alpha to examine the test–retest and internal consistency reliability.

Results

Based on the results of the EFA and CFA, we adopted one factor structure with five items. The CMS metacognition and CMS self-judgment accuracy showed evidence criterion validity, exhibiting significant correlations with the BCIS self-reflectiveness (r = 0.16) and self-certainty scores (r = 0.17), respectively. Regarding to the AQ, only the CMS metacognition score had significant correlations with the social skills (r = 0.22) and total scale score (r = 0.20). The test–retest reliability showed adequate (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.70–0.81 and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient 0.63–0.59). Adolescents were found to have significantly lower metacognitive ability compared to young adults.

Conclusion

CMS could be a valid and reliable measure to examine metacognitive abilities for adolescents.
Court-Mandated Patients’ Perspectives on the Psychotherapist’s Dual Loyalty Conflict – Between Ally and Enemy
Authors: Merkt Helene , Wangmo Tenzin , Pageau Félix , Liebrenz Michael , Devaud Cornaz Corinne , Elger Bernice
Published: January 2021

Background

Mental health professionals working in correctional contexts engage a double role to care and control. This dual loyalty conflict has repeatedly been criticized to impede the development of a high-quality alliance. As therapeutic alliance is a robust predictor of outcome measures of psychotherapy, it is essential to investigate the effects of this ethical dilemma.

Methods

This qualitative interview study investigates patients’ perceptions of their therapists’ dual role conflict in court-mandated treatment settings. We interviewed 41 older incarcerated persons using a semi-structured interview guide, the interviews were subsequently analyzed following thematic analysis.

Results

We first present the patients’ perceptions of their treating psychotherapist’s dual loyalty conflict, which was linked to their overall treatment experience. In a second step, we outline the study participants’ reasons for this judgment, which were most commonly linked to feelings of trust or betrayal. More specifically, they named certain therapist characteristics and activities that enabled them to develop a trustful therapeutic alliance, which we grouped into four topics: (1) respecting the patient’s pace and perceived coercion; (2) patient health needs to be first priority; (3) clarity in roles and responsibilities; and (4) the art of communication – between transparency and unchecked information sharing.

Discussion

Developing a high quality alliance in mandatory offender treatment is central due to its relationship with recovery and desistance. Our findings show that some therapists’ characteristics and activities attenuate the negative impact of their double role on the development and maintenance of the alliance. To increase the effectiveness of court-mandated treatments, we need to support clinicians in dealing with their dual role to allow the formation of a high quality therapeutic alliance. Our qualitative interview study contributed to this much-needed empirical research on therapist’ characteristics promoting a trustful relationship in correctional settings.
Epidemiology of Dog Bite Incidents in Chile: Factors Related to the Patterns of Human-Dog Relationship
Authors: Barrios Carmen Luz , Bustos-López Carlos , Pavletic Carlos , Parra Alonso , Vidal Macarena , Bowen Jonathan , Fatjó Jaume
Published: January 2021

Dog bites are one of the main public health problems. They produce important consequences for those who suffer them (physical and psychological injuries, secondary infections, sequelae, risk of transmission of zoonoses and surgeries, among others). The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologically the incidents of bites in Chile and the patterns of human-dog relationship involved. The records analyzed in this article were obtained from bitten patients who attended the main public health facilities in Chile during the period 17 September 2017 and 17 September 2018: In the period studied, 17,299 animal bites were recorded; however, only 7220 (41.74%) cases were analyzed in which the offending species could be identified. Of the bites analyzed, 6533 were caused by dogs (90.48%). Of these, 41.05% were caused by medium-sized dogs. Most bites were caused by dogs of mixed breeds (55.99%), followed by dogs of the German Shepherd breed (8.50%). Most of the dogs that bit were known to the victim (99.95%) and most of the attacks occurred indoors (57.48%). Although dog bite records have improved in Chile, it would be useful to also include background information on the context in which the incident occurred, which would be very useful for developing effective bite prevention programs.
The Characteristics and Distribution of Chemical Components in Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel Locomotives
Authors: Kim Min-Kyeong , Park Duckshin , Kim Minjeong , Heo Jaeseok , Park Sechan , Chong Hwansoo
Published: January 2021

The use of diesel locomotives in transport is gradually decreasing due to electrification and the introduction of high-speed electric rails. However, in Korea, up to 30% of passenger and cargo transport still relies on diesel locomotives and vehicles. Many studies have shown that the exhaust gas from diesel locomotives poses a threat to human health. This study examined the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in diesel locomotive engine exhaust. In a previous study, PM emissions were found to increase as the throttle was moved to a higher notch. The use of a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) in this study did not detect the highest emissions at notch 5, as is commonly found in gravimetric analyses. When comparing the mass concentrations, the notch 1 and 5 results were similar. However, at notch 8, there was a large difference between the mass concentrations collected on the filters. Further, to reduce the fine PM emitted from diesel locomotives, the ionic components, which account for the largest proportion of the total materials in fine PM, should be clearly identified. Therefore, in this study, an analysis of the weight, ionic composition, and metal components of fine PM discharged from a diesel locomotive was performed. Based on the results, Na+ (31%), Ca2+ (27%), NO3− (24%), and SO42− (13%), were the main ionic components, and the most abundant metal components being Ca (45%) and S (20%). In this study, the chemical components generated in diesel engines of other sources were compared, and as a result, different results were shown depending on the engine load and material ingredients. For the first time, a PEMS was used to measure PM from diesel vehicles, and a comparison was made with the results obtained by a gravimetric method. This is the first report of measuring PM concentrations by connecting a PEMS to a diesel locomotive, and of the distribution and characteristics of ions and heavy metals contained in the particles collected in the filter analyzed. The results indicate the importance of identifying the characteristics of fine PM emitted from a diesel locomotive and establishing an effective reduction measurement.
A Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Method (OR-ELM-AR) Used in Forecast of PM2.5 Concentrations and Its Forecast Performance Evaluation
Authors: Lu Guibin , Yu Enping , Wang Yangjun , Li Hongli , Cheng Dongpo , Huang Ling , Liu Ziyi , Manomaiphiboon Kasemsan , Li Li
Published: January 2021

Accurate forecast of PM2.5 pollution is highly needed for the timely prevention of haze pollution in many cities suffered from frequent haze pollution. In this work, an online recurrent extreme learning machine (OR-ELM) technique with online data update was used in the forecast of PM2.5 pollution for the first time, and a hybrid model (OR-ELM-AR) by combining autoregressive (AR) model was proposed to enhance its forecast ability to capture the variations of hourly PM2.5 concentration. Evaluation of forecast performances in terms of pollution levels, forecast times, spatial distributions were conducted over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China. Results indicated that the OR-ELM-AR model could quickly respond to short-term changes and had better forecast performance. Therefore, the OR-ELM-AR model is a promising tool for air pollution forecast of supporting the government to take urgent actions to reduce the frequency and severity of haze pollution in cities or regions.
The Relationship between Life Course Socioeconomic Conditions and Objective and Subjective Memory in Older Age
Authors: Künzi Morgane , Joly-Burra Emilie , Zuber Sascha , Haas Maximilian , Tinello Doriana , Da Silva Coelho Chloé , Hering Alexandra , Ihle Andreas , Laera Gianvito , Mikneviciute Greta , Stringhini Silvia , Draganski Bogdan , Kliegel Matthias , Ballhausen Nicola
Published: January 2021

While objective memory performance in older adults was primarily shown to be affected by education as indicator of life course socioeconomic conditions, other life course socioeconomic conditions seem to relate to subjective memory complaints. However, studies differ in which life course stages were investigated. Moreover, studies have explored these effects in an isolated way, but have not yet investigated their unique effect when considering several stages of the life course simultaneously. This study, therefore, examined the respective influence of socioeconomic conditions from childhood up to late-life on prospective memory (PM) performance as an objective indicator of everyday memory as well as on subjective memory complaints (SMC) in older age using structural equation modeling. Data came from two waves of the Vivre-Leben-Vivere aging study (n=993, Mage=80.56). The results indicate that only socioeconomic conditions in adulthood significantly predicted late-life PM performance. PM performance was also predicted by age and self-rated health. In contrast, SMC in older age were not predicted by socioeconomic conditions at any stage of the life course but were predicted by level of depression. In line with the cognitive reserve hypothesis, present results highlight the significance of education and occupation (adulthood socioeconomic conditions) for cognitive functioning in later life.
Comparison of Three Physical—Cognitive Training Programs in Healthy Older Adults: A Study Protocol for a Monocentric Randomized Trial
Authors: Torre Marta Maria , Langeard Antoine , Hugues Nicolas , Laurin Jérôme , Temprado Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2021

(1) Combining aerobic, coordination and cognitive training allows for more improved physical and cognitive performance than when performed separately. A Nordic walking (NW) and two cognitive-motor circuit training programs (CT-c and CT-fit) are compared. CT-c and CT-fit stimulate cognition differently: CT-c, is through conventional complex coordination training performed in single and dual-task conditions; CT-fit, incorporates it into complex goal-directed actions, implemented by fitness gaming technology (2) The aim is to determine whether CT-fit brings additional benefits to cognition compared to more traditional training. (3) Forty-five healthy independent living community dwellers participants (65–80 years) will be included after a general medical examination. The main exclusion criteria are signs of cognitive impairments (Mini–Mental State Examination < 26/30) and physical impairments. Pre and post-tests will be performed to assess: cognitive functions (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Trail Making Test; Stroop task, working memory test, Rey Complex Figure copy task, Oral Trail Making Test, and dual-task); motor fitness (Bipedal and unipedal balance test, gait assessments, Time Up and Go, chair sit and reach test and four-square stepping test); and physical fitness (10 m incremental shuttle walking test, maximal handgrip force, Timed-Stands test). (4) Incorporating cognitive demands into complex, goal-directed actions using fitness gaming technology should be the best solution to optimize training benefits.
Alternating Lenvatinib and Trans-Arterial Therapy Prolongs Overall Survival in Patients with Inter-Mediate Stage HepatoCellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Shimose Shigeo , Iwamoto Hideki , Tanaka Masatoshi , Niizeki Takashi , Shirono Tomotake , Noda Yu , Kamachi Naoki , Okamura Shusuke , Nakano Masahito , Suga Hideya , Yamaguchi Taizo , Kawaguchi Takumi , Kuromatsu Ryoko , Noguchi Kazunori , Koga Hironori , Torimura Takuji
Published: January 2021

We aimed to evaluate the impact of alternating lenvatinib (LEN) and trans-arterial therapy (AT) in patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after propensity score matching (PSM). This retrospective study enrolled 113 patients with intermediate-stage HCC treated LEN. Patients were classified into the AT (n = 41) or non-AT group (n = 72) according to the post LEN treatment. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and analyzed using a log-rank test after PSM. Factors associated with AT were evaluated using a decision tree analysis. After PSM, there were no significant differences in age, sex, etiology, or albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score/grade between groups. The survival rate of the AT group was significantly higher than that of the non-AT group (median survival time; not reached vs. 16.3 months, P = 0.01). Independent factors associated with OS were AT and ALBI grade 1 in the Cox regression analysis. In the decision tree analysis, age and ALBI were the first and second splitting variables for AT. In this study, we show that AT may improve prognosis in patients with intermediate-stage HCC. Moreover, alternating LEN and trans-arterial therapy may be recommended for patients below 70 years of age with ALBI grade 1.
Cancer Cells Resistance Shaping by Tumor Infiltrating Myeloid Cells
Authors: Domagala Marcin , Laplagne Chloé , Leveque Edouard , Laurent Camille , Fournié Jean-Jacques , Espinosa Eric , Poupot Mary
Published: January 2021

Interactions between malignant cells and neighboring stromal and immune cells profoundly shape cancer progression. New forms of therapies targeting these cells have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, in order to specifically address each population, it was essential to identify and understand their individual roles in interaction between malignant cells, and the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we focus on the myeloid cell compartment, a prominent, and heterogeneous group populating TME, which can initially exert an anti-tumoral effect, but with time actively participate in disease progression. Macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils act alone or in concert to shape tumor cells resistance through cellular interaction and/or release of soluble factors favoring survival, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells, but also immune-escape and therapy resistance.