bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoresponsive degradable poly(ethylene glycol) analogues
Authors: Wang Na , Dong Anjie , Radosz Maciej , Shen Youqing
Published: June 2007

Thermoresponsive polymers have many biomedical applications, but their nondegradability limits their in vivo applications. Herein, we report a new type of degradable thermoresponsive polymers—degradable poly (ethylene glycol) analogues (DPEGs) having lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) ranging 10–50°C. DPEGs were synthesized by condensation polymerization of PEG‐di(meth)acrylates (PEGDA or PEGDMA) with dithiols. Their LCSTs could be easily tuned by the PEG‐chain length and the types of the double bond in the PEG monomers and dithiols. Long PEG chain and the presence of hydrophilic groups in the dithiol monomer increased the LCST of the resulting DPEG. Crosslinking DPEG chains produced thermoresponsive hydrogels. The hydrogels prepared by the end‐capping method maintained the thermoresponsive properties of the linear DPEG. The degradable thermoresponsive DPEGs and their hydrogels have great potentials for in vivo biomedical applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
RFID update
Authors: Higgins Leslee N. , Cairney Tim
Published: June 2007

Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags have been around for a while now. Wal‐Mart and the Department of Defense mandated their use four years ago. Since then, the cost of RFID tags has dropped. But several sectors have still been slow to adopt them. Is this delay acceptable, or will delayed adoption harm a company? The authors take a close look at these and other critical RFID issues. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IT industry standards: Which ones to use?
Authors: Iijima Timothy
Published: June 2007

The IT function used to operate autonomously in many organizations. But those days are gone. Now IT departments must adhere rigorously to industry standards. However, there are several different sets of standards. Which ones are critical for your company's IT department? © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental stage affects eggshell‐breaking strength in two ground‐nesting birds: the partridge (Alectoris rufa) and the quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Castilla Aurora M. , Herrel Anthony , Díaz Guillém , Francesch Amadeu
Published: June 2007

We examined the relationship between embryo development and egg hardness in two ground nesting bird species, the red‐legged partridge (Alectoris rufa; n = 165 eggs) and the quail (Coturnix japonica; n = 148 eggs). For both species, we observed a strong effect of developmental stage on egg hardness. Eggs near hatching were significantly weaker than unincubated eggs (partridge: 18 and 23 N, respectively, and the quail 7 and 10 N, respectively). We additionally explored the effect of incubation on egg hardness in a control sample of non‐fertilised quail eggs (i.e., without embryo development). The control eggs maintained in the incubator for the full incubation time (17 days) were significantly harder (7–9 N) than eggs containing fully developed chicks (5–7 N). Thus, the incubation conditions of high temperature and humidity alone seem not to have a significant effect on egg hardness, and support the important effect of calcium uptake. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:471–477, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hereditary Amyloidosis with Progressive Peripheral Neuropathy Associated with Apolipoprotein AI Gly26Arg
Authors: Testro Adam G. , Brennan Stephen O. , Macdonell Richard A.L. , Hawkins Philip N. , Angus Peter W.
Published: June 2007

Liver transplantation (LT) has been reported in only 1 patient with hereditary variant apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) amyloidosis and was associated with a 50% decrease in production of variant apoAI. The potential for this to benefit clinical manifestations of apoAI amyloidosis such as peripheral neuropathy has not been determined. A 59-yr-old Irish-born male with hereditary systemic amyloidosis associated with apoAI Gly26Arg, which was suspected to be the cause of a progressive peripheral neuropathy, along with end-stage renal failure and hepatic dysfunction, underwent hepatorenal transplantation. Evaluation of his clinical outcome included serial neurological examinations and nerve conduction studies. The proportion of variant apoAI in the plasma was estimated before and after LT. Hepatorenal transplantation was successful, with the plasma concentration of variant apoAI decreasing by over 50% after transplantation and this was associated with progressive resolution of the patient's neuropathic symptoms and a significant and sustained improvement in electrophysiological parameters. In conclusion, liver transplantation reduces production of the amyloid fibril precursor protein to a degree that can facilitate net regression of amyloid deposits, which may aid recovery of end-organ damage such as that seen in peripheral neuropathy. Liver Transpl 13:1028–1031, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Defeat of mayor dever's traction ordinance was it, or was it not municipal ownership?
Authors: Mohler Charlles K.
Published: June 2007

The Chicago municipal ownnership ordinance examined by one who opposed it.
Our city councils IV. New York—the eclippse of the aldermen
Authors: McGoldrick Joseph
Published: June 2007

Another article in our series on City Councils. IT shows how the board of estimate, which strictly speaking was not designed as a legislative body, has become the actual legislature, and why.
The bonded debt of 207 cotoes as at January 1, 1925
Authors: Rightor C. E.
Published: June 2007

The report on bonded debts of cities, prepareddd by Mr. Rightor and the Detroit Bureau of Governmental Research, is now an annual affair. Comparison is now possible whith the tables, published in the Review for May, 1923, and June, 1924.
Westchester county park system
Authors: Downer Jay
Published: June 2007

Twenty‐two million dollars being spent for a park system will make Westechester County, New York, a good place to live.
The region, a new governmental unit The problem of metropolitan areas
Authors: Reed Thomas H.
Published: June 2007

“It will not do to assurme that arterial highways are planned but that government just happens.”
Des Moines cleans house
Authors: Marvin Merze
Published: June 2007

Graft exposed and erstwhile public servants sent to jail remind us that we shouldn't grow too complacent. Eternal vigilance may be needed, aftr all.
London's metropolitan government. Conclusions and recommendations of the royal commission
Authors: Cohen Joseph A.
Published: June 2007

Concluding installment of the article begun in the August Review.
Public opinion and the politicians
Authors: Lippmann Walter
Published: June 2007

MT. Lippmann presents briefly some striking views on public opnion, politicians, and political Reform.
County deposits used to finance speculative bank
Authors: Faust Martin L.
Published: June 2007

A vivid picture of the recent Bell fiasco in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, where county funds, secured through political manipulations, were used to finance speculativ ventures.
The “reform” of outdoor advertising
Authors: McFarland Horace
Published: June 2007

Some further comment upon outdoor advetising and the changes and Testrictions which seem desirable.
Our city councils. VI. Pittsburgh's faction‐ridden council
Authors: Lewis Charles F.
Published: June 2007

An intimate story of the Pittsburgh city council, which is both “a triumph and a despair”.
The social objective in regional planning
Authors: Adams Thomas
Published: June 2007

“The great need for regional planning today arises from the fact that as urban regions expand you have, not small intensive areas of bad growth. but widely extended areas, congestion and unhealthy social condition”.
What government should a region have?
Authors: Reed Thomas H.
Published: June 2007

Professor Reed discusses the governmental needs of a region in the light of European experience.
Municipal airports
Authors: Whitnall Charles
Published: June 2007

This article discusses municipal airports in the light of the recent and rapid development of air transportation.
Sketches of American mayors. I. John F. Hylan of New York
Authors: Epexegeticus
Published: June 2007

This is the first of a series of articles upon some famous municipal executives. Surely thew personalities and methods deserve as close study as the charter provisions under which they operate. Later some city managers may be added (see NATIONAL MUNICIPAL REVIEW for December for a story on City Manager Hopkins of Cleveland).

John F. Hylan, a poor boy, born and reared in a country village, was snatched from obscurity to be elected mayor of the nation's largest city and re‐elected by an enormous plurality. He turned his most vocal and vitriolic enemies into political assets and last a third term because Tammany, fearing perhaps that he was growing too powerful, abandoned him. What were the human factors attending his rise and fall?
Election reform at Pennsylvania's special session
Authors: Paxton Edward Thurber
Published: June 2007

Elections in Pennsylvania last fall were marred by serious frauds in four parts of the state, but the legislature in its Wisdom saw fit to reject the recommendation of the Committee of Seventy‐six appointed to report on election abuses.
The Krumgold case, the last word on zoning in New Jersey
Authors: Williams Frank B.
Published: June 2007

The New Jersey court, in sharp contrast to the courts of other states, continues its hostility to zoning.
Rochester's city manager campaign
Authors: Story Stephen B.
Published: June 2007

Professional politicians have no monopoly on political strategy. If you want to know about a well‐run reform campaign, read this article.
The use of the recall in American cities
Authors: Garber J. Otis
Published: June 2007

It is very doubtful if there have been more than 120 municipal recall elections in the 1500 cities in which the right of recall exbts.
New york state reorganizes
Authors: Childs Richard S.
Published: June 2007

The story of how the Hughes Commission carried out the purposes of the reorganization amendment by consolidating one hundred eighty odd agencies into eighteen administrative departments. Its recommendations were accepted by the legislature and will go into effect in January, 1927.
Rising cost of state government. Popular theories versus fiscal facts
Authors: Heer Clarence
Published: June 2007

The popular theory that state governments are indulging in orgies of spending does not square with the facts. The author here analyzes New York state expenditures from 1917 to 1923. He reduces the 1923 expenditures to the price level of 1917 and finds that 44 percent of the increase is due to higher price of services and material which the stale buys; 13 percent is due to substitution of pay‐as‐you‐go for borrowings; 23 percent to unusual conditions over which the legislature had no control; only 20 percent can be called optional, but even this portion went for purposes which no one can reaaonably question.
Absent voting. With particular reference to Ohio's experience
Authors: Pollock James K.
Published: June 2007

What people use the absent voting privilege, and to what extent? Is the idea a success and can it be broadened?
The bonded debt of 210 cities. As at january 1, 1926
Authors: Rightor C. E.
Published: June 2007

Mr. Rightor's careful analysis and tabulation of municipal debts is an annual feature of the Review.
Sketches of American mayors. IV. William E. Dever of Chicago
Authors: Yarros Victor S.
Published: June 2007

Mayor Dever was elected on his record as alderman and judge by the vote of members of all parties as a protest against eight years of Thompsonism. How has the early promise of his administration been fulfilled?
New York city's expanding government. Some thoughts for mayor walmrs survey committee
Authors: Cutting R. Fulmn
Published: June 2007

The cost of government of the nation's largest city has increased fourfold in twenty years. Some changes in organizatiom needed.
Cleveland's municipal air port
Authors: Morton Jay
Published: June 2007

Cleveland expresses her faith in the future of air transportation.
Tendencies in public recreation
Authors: Pangburn Weaver
Published: June 2007

Publicly financed recreation is growing by leaps and bounds. Adults play more.
Federated government for Pittsburgh and vicinity
Authors: Studensky Paul
Published: June 2007

A proposal for the government of the Metropolitan Region of Pittsburgh which leaves to the smallw municipalitk a large measure of influence and control. It iS perhaps unnecessary to add that this article does not ezpress the view of the committee or cmlusirms of any member.
St. Paul adopts a stabilized wage
Authors: Probst John B.
Published: June 2007

Municipal salaries have been standardized and are adjusted each year in accordance with changes in the cost of living.
A new government for an old people
Authors: Horgan John J.
Published: June 2007

The Irish Constitution contains features novel to Americans. Some modifications may be necessary in the light of experience, but on the whole the new institutions are working well.
The fate of the five‐cent fare. IV. The twin cities lose control of rates and also the five‐cent fare
Authors: Anderson William
Published: June 2007

The Twin Cities, unable to solve their street railway diflculties, lose control to the state railroad commission. Efforts of recent years yield disappointments, and no one knows what the future holds.
Ashtabula's ten years' trial of P. R.
Authors: Moley Raymond , Bloomfield Charles A.
Published: June 2007

The verdict of one decade's experience upon the claims of proportional representationists and the alarms of P . R.'s enemies.
Massachusetts town meeting bends but does not break
Authors: Sly John F.
Published: June 2007

The old‐fashioned town meeting is slowly yielding to the limited town meeting—a new experiment seeking to preserve direct legislation and pure democracy. Modern city charters calling for mayors, bureaus, and councils, with emphasis on administration, have not had wide appeal.
Needed ballot reform proposed in Illinois
Authors: Fleming Herbert E.
Published: June 2007

The party column ballot is bad enough, but coupled with a long ballot the befuddlement of the voter is complete. A Chicayo ballot in 1924 was 2½ feet wide and 3 feet long and carried ten party columns.
Saskatchewan's centralized supervision of municipalities gives satisfaction
Authors: Bayne J. N.
Published: June 2007

Swkatchewan's extensive central control over municipalities is divided between the Department of Municipal Affairs and the Local Government Board. The former guides the general administration, supervises accounts and has charge of all municipal legislation before the provincial legislature. The latter controls borrowings and keeps a watchful eye upon sinking funds. Why two agencies are necessary.
Comparative tax rates of 215 cities, 1926
Authors: Righmr C. E.
Published: June 2007

In a majority of the cities the trend of the general property tax rate continues upward.How does your city rate with the others?
Sketches of American mayors
Authors: Dahlman V. James C. , Showalter John F.
Published: June 2007

A life history and character protrait of “Cowboy Jim,” champion long–distance mayor. How does he do it?
Controlling an increasing accident toll
Authors: Bruere Henry
Published: June 2007

Educatioanl campaign, following an e ngineering traffic survey, brings results in Albany.
Canberra, a federal capital planned from the groound up
Authors: Bartholomew Harland
Published: June 2007

A review of hte final report of hte Advisory Committee on the construction of canberra, the new Federal Capital of Australia.
Phoenix buys street railway for $20,000, its junk value
Authors: Rieger Henry
Published: June 2007

The first year under city operation shows a profit on a five–cent fare. With complete rehabilitation, the system can be made a revenue producer. Estimated population, 45,000.
The budget in the communes o ffrance
Authors: Buck A. E.
Published: June 2007

Municipal budget practice in France differs from ours in several important respects.
Municipal vehicle taxation
Authors: Nalsey Maxwell N.
Published: June 2007

Cities in eleven states are experimenting with a wheel–tax to help pay the mounting costs of government.
Are we spending too much for government? I. The trend of federal expenditures
Authors: Keddy J. L.
Published: June 2007

This is the first of a series of articles which will cover governmental expenditures in City, Country, State and Nation
The bicameral principle in the new mexico legislature of 1925
Authors: Hall John E.
Published: June 2007

The final installment of an article begun in the last issue is a further indictment of the bicameral principle as practised in our state legislatures.
Mariemont, an American Garden Village
Authors: Marquette Bleecker
Published: June 2007

A Cincinnati suburb an village for people of moderate incomes which took years to plan.
OUR AMERICAN MAYOURS. VII. W. Freeland kendrick of philadelphia
Authors: Henry Walnut T.
Published: June 2007

Mayor Kendrick is not a reformer, nor even a distinguished machine politician. As an inveterate “joinre” of secret societies, he owes much to his famous smile. He has kept peace with the Republican organization which elected him, bu the will be best remembered for his nerveracking experience with General Butler and the ill–fated Sesqui.
The progress of rapid transit in detroit
Authors: Rightor C. E.
Published: June 2007

Detroit is now deciding whethre to spend millions fo rsubways. The master highway plan proposed by the Rapid Transit Commission is being carried out, but no plan fo rsubway or elevated systems has proved acceptable.
Cattaraugus county and our rural health
Authors: Kingsbury John A.
Published: June 2007

Whiel hte death rate has been falling in cities it has been rising in Cattaragus, a typical New York rural county. But the county board is now fighting disease on a full–time, county–wide basis. Already encouraging results should stimulate rural counties everywhere
Municipal pensions in chicago
Authors: Buck George B.
Published: June 2007

Recommendations for hte improvement of Chicago's pension system analyzed by a national authority
Are we spending too much for government? Iv. our cities.—what our cities can afford to spend
Authors: Upson Lent D.
Published: June 2007

The increase in per capita income since 1915 has almost kept pace with the increase in per capita cost of municipal government, although governments are performing old services better and undertaking many new ones
North carolina to have better county government
Authors: Wager Paul W.
Published: June 2007

A full explanation of the new county government acts adopted by this progressive state
Are we spending too much for government? IV. Expenditures for public education
Authors: Vandegrift Roland A.
Published: June 2007

The growing cost of public schools has become a subject of general concern throughout the country. This article analyzes the present situation and arrives at some rather definite conclusions
St. paul's municipal investment bank succeeds
Authors: Borweiler Louis
Published: June 2007

The investment bureau of the sinking fund committee sells certificaties in $10 denominations and buys back the city's bonds with the proceeds. Deposits total more than $9,000,000
The fiscal policies of socialist vienna
Authors: Sonne Dr. Abraham
Published: June 2007

The municipality of Vienna is sound financially in spite of hte ruin of the war and extensive socialistic undertakings. Controlled rents make dear money and some taxes, like that on wages, are probably unwise
Housing in Canada
Authors: Marquette Bleecker
Published: June 2007

Prices of urban land in Canada are from 100 to 750 per cent higher than in England
Kentucky advances in motor coach regualtion
Authors: George John J.
Published: June 2007

A new officer, the commissioner of motor transportation, is charged with full responsibility for motor bus regulation
Washington, d. c., via maryland
Authors: Bond Smith J.
Published: June 2007

Maryland will plan and beautify the approaches to the National Capital through the newly–established Maryland—Washington Metropolitan District
Indianapolis at last tries the merit system
Authors: White John F.
Published: June 2007

After thirty–five years of failure to observe the civil service system prescribed by the charter, Indianapolis organizes two civil service commissions, one for police nad one for fire
Columbus, kentucky, moves to a new location
Authors: Catron Jones J.
Published: June 2007

After years of struggle with Mississippi floods a complete town moves to high ground nearly a mile away. Citizens exchange old sites for new
Do representatives represent?
Authors: Arneson Ben A.
Published: June 2007

A study of hte extent to whcih the opinions of the bembers of the Ohio legislature conform to the views of their constituents
Comparative tax rates of 249 cities, 1927
Authors: Rightor C. E.
Published: June 2007

Mr. Rightor's annual report on tax rates is becoming a standard
THE defeat of the Westchester county charter
Authors: Tanzer Laurence Arnold
Published: June 2007

For a second time the voters refused to desert their ancient form of county government.
Buffalo adopts a new charter—abadons commission government
Authors: Freeman Harry H.
Published: June 2007

Buffalo has returned to mayor‐council government on a partisan basis after twelve years of commission government and the non‐patisan ballot.
Politics in circle city, Oklahoma
Authors: Barth Harry
Published: June 2007

The fate of a good city manager in a town that knows its politics. Of course the names are fictitious.
Our American Mayors: VIII. Mayor George E. Cryer of Los Angeles
Authors: Morgan John T.
Published: June 2007

Mr. Cryer has thrice been clected mayor of Los Angels. Each reelection was in spite of the oppsoition of the leaders who first gave him to the city. Hydro‐electric power is practically the only issue.
The Fee System Receives Setback in Kentucky
Authors: Vanderbosch A.
Published: June 2007

The $5,000 costitutional limit on officers' salaries held to apply to fees of county officials.
Our American Mayors: IX. Mayor laurnece c. Hodgson of St. Paul
Authors: Briggs George N.
Published: June 2007

The people of St. Paul listened patiently to the heavy debate between Capital and Labor and then elected, by an overwhelming majority, the slender, pale‐faced Larry Hodgson who had come out boldly and with‐ out reservation for brotherly lave.
The recent municipal elections in England
Authors: Robson William A.
Published: June 2007

Additional comment on the last municipal election in England form the viewpoint of a member of the Labor Paryt.
Tax relief for elcectric street railways
Authors: Waltersdorf M. C.
Published: June 2007

Street railways, writes the author, shoul dbe relieved of all unjust taxes which in any case are ultimately borne by the rider.
“Standards of financial administration” defended
Authors: Upson Lent D. , Rightor C. E.
Published: June 2007

We all covet success, and most of us aspire to efficiency and economy in our practical undertaking, but few of us can agree on the criteria which measure success or efficiency. In the supplement to our February number, Messrs. Upson and Rightor, although aware that few would agree with them, undertook the courageious task of sponsoring certain standards of measurement of a city's financial administration. In the following letter to the editor they make reply to Francis Oakey's critical review which appeared in the “American city” for May.
The relation of building height to street traffic
Authors: Simpson Herbert D.
Published: June 2007

A methematical study that anyone can understand. It is a new viewpoint and wil arouse discussion. The editor invites comment.
A million small houses for great britain
Authors: James Harlean
Published: June 2007

A million new houses erected under government subsidy have brought heavy financial burdens to taxpayers but may be cheap protection against social revolution.
Long term budgeting and the city plan
Authors: Ford George B.
Published: June 2007

Capital budgets have become an integral element in the execution of city plans. This article is part of an address delivered before the 1928 National COnference on City Planning.
Our American mayors XIII. William Hale Thompson of Chicago: The saga of a sombrero
Authors: Martin Edward M.
Published: June 2007

The mayoralty in Chicago: the double play in politics—Thompson to Dever to Thompson; King George repulsed; ballyhoo, bluster and bunk; and “America First”.
A new book on the appraisal of urban land and buildings
Authors: Cornick Philip H.
Published: June 2007

A review of a book which blazes new trails for the city assessor.
The model municipal traffic ordinance
Authors: Stark C. W.
Published: June 2007

The model municipal traffic ordinance, if generally adopted, would reduce confusion and would cut down the number of accidents.
The 1928 convention at cincinnati
Authors: Upson Lent D.
Published: June 2007

A summary of the goint convenetions of the National Municipal league, Governmental research association and antional association of civic secretaries, at cincinnati, October 15–17.
The public personnel policy of the municipality of bordeaux
Authors: Sharp Walter R.
Published: June 2007

The administration of teh civil serviece of a typical French city, based on the author's first‐hand investigation.
OUR AMERICAN MAYORS XIV. JOHN C. LODGE OF DETROIT
Authors: Lovett W. P.
Published: June 2007

After twenty‐five, years of public service, John C. Lodge was elected mayor in 1927 without making a single campaign speech or promise or granting a single newspaper interview. He typifies Detroit at its best.
Public employment management in the Australian states
Authors: Mosher W. E.
Published: June 2007

The civil service commissioners of the Australian states exercise a wide range of function of employment management.
Balancing prevention with fighting within the fire department
Authors: Stone Harold A.
Published: June 2007

The up‐to‐date fire department should have a fire prevention bureau to isolate and control the causes of fires.
A rejoinder on the relation of building height to street traffic
Authors: Goodrich Ernest P.
Published: June 2007

A noted city planner takes exception to Dr. Simpson's article in our July, 1928; issue.
Our American mayors XVI. James Rolph, Jr., of San Francisco
Authors: Htnes William M.
Published: June 2007

Jama Rolph, a champion long‐distance mayor, quualifies as Playboy of the Western World.
In‐justices of the peace
Authors: Manning J. W.
Published: June 2007

In Nashville justices of fhe peace have been paying two‐thirds of their three‐dollar fees to deputy sheriffs and constables as a commission for bringing arrested person before them.
How Cincinnati's new government is improving civil service morale
Authors: Beckman R. O.
Published: June 2007

Cincinnati is paying attention to morale with resultant benefit to her people. In some respects government is at a disadvantage in factors which assist morale.
The manager plan appropriate for counties a rejoinder to Kirk H. Porter
Authors: Egger Rowland A.
Published: June 2007

In our January issue Dr. Porter threw a wet blanked upon the manager plan for counties. Mr. Egger does not see it that way.
San Francisco's success with voluntary replatting as an aid to city planning
Authors: O'shaughnessy M. M. , Cornick Philip H.
Published: June 2007

Infinite patience plus tact and good judgment bring successful cooperation of property owners in replatting two areas where bad planning was marring the city's development. A suggestion for other cities.
Ohio appraises its reorganized state government
Authors: Walkeb Harvey
Published: June 2007

In 1921 Ohio adopted the principle of administrative consolidation by reducing the number of separate state agencies from sixty‐three to thirty‐two. Now she surveys it to know what changes, if any, should be made. On the whole consolidation seems to be working satisfactorily.
High spots of governors' messages
Authors: Boots Ralph S.
Published: June 2007

Thirty‐nine side legislatures meet this year. Brief experts from the many pages of advice and exhortation measured out by the chief executives to the legislative bodies.
Scapa helps scrap billboards. A short story of the anti‐billboard campaign in england
Authors: Caparn Harold A.
Published: June 2007

Scapa means the Society for Checking the Abuses of Public Advertising, organized in London in 1893.
Chicago's superhighway plan
Authors: Taylor Eugene S.
Published: June 2007

Superhighways have passed the discussion stage in Chicago.
The bonded debt of 241 cities as at january 1, 1929
Authors: Rightor C. E.
Published: June 2007

Mr. Rightor again contributes his annual statistics of municipal debt. They are becoming a national institution.
The extra‐municipal administration of Radburn an experiment in government by contract
Authors: Ascher Ckarles S.
Published: June 2007

Turning spinach gardens at one stroke into a completely planned community raises questions which precedent does not answer.
Where city planning and housing meet
Authors: Buttenheim Harold S.
Published: June 2007

Those whome God hath joined together let no man put asunder.
The english general election of 1929
Authors: Pollock James K.
Published: June 2007

An analysis of the recent election by an eyewitness.
A new remedy for civitosis a modest proposal for the reform of city government
Authors: Aldis Graham
Published: June 2007

All sorts of advisory bodies and control agencies have been tried in city government without success. The author proposes that the professional and trade association be taken into partnership with government and given a share in administration.
Forecasting city growth
Authors: Bibbins J. Rowland
Published: June 2007

The value of an economic forecast in planning urban service facilities. Forecasting is not a guessing contest.
Where does legislation originate?
Authors: Walker Harvey
Published: June 2007

A study of the place of origin of measures introduced into the Ohio Senate at the last session.
The Pittsburgh consolidation charter
Authors: Miller Joseph T.
Published: June 2007

This is a reply to the article by Martin L. Faust which appeared in our August number. Mr. Faust criticized the charter and the tactics of the commission of which Mr. Miller is the head. The charter submitted by the commission was radically amended by the legislature and failed to secure the necessary two‐thirds vote in a majority of the municipalities of the county at the election on June 25.
The municipal assembly‐New York's home rule legislature
Authors: Forbes Russell
Published: June 2007

The municipal aasembly has failed to seize the opportunity afforded it by the new home rule powers posseased by cities in New York state.
Pittsburgh reëlects mayor kline
Authors: Boots Ralph S.
Published: June 2007

On November 5. Pittsburgh reëlected its present mayor for a second four‐year term. The real fight was in the Republican primary, with Candidate Richard K. Martin as the protagonist of the reform element. Grand‐jury revelations of vice and corruption under the Kline administration and charges of election fraud featured the primary campaign.
Municipal government in soviet russia II. since the revolution
Authors: Maxwell Bertram W.
Published: June 2007

Home rule and the short ballot appear to American Observers o be necessary reforms in Russian Municipal government.
Appraising municipal reports
Authors: Ridley Clarence E.
Published: June 2007

Dr. Ridley Presents his annual evaluation of the municipal reports which he has reviewed through the year in the Recent Books Reviewed department.
Pulling chicago's local governments “out of the red”
Authors: Martin Edward M.
Published: June 2007

Inability to meet payrolls and prospective cuts in the police, fire adn health departments is directing public attention to the virtual bank ruptcy of Cook County's three major governmetns
Cleveland women in government and allied fields
Authors: Huus Randolph O.
Published: June 2007

Public service offers an expanding field for women, justifying college specialization in social science courses
The new york telephone rate decision
Authors: Gold Nathaniel
Published: June 2007

New York state awoke late in January to he imminence of radical increases in telephone rates effective as of february 1. On January 31 the public service commission oodered a slight reduction in the charegs announced by the company. The effect o these rates will be observed for a time, after which the struggle to fix final charges will be resumed

The present situation follows ten yeears of litigation before commission, special master adn court. The length to which the trial has dragged out and the extreme claims in valuation point to the necessity of improved methods of valuation
A suggestion to improve teh manger plan
Authors: Earl Weller W.
Published: June 2007

A weaknss of the manager plan is the frequent Unwillingness of the council to allow the manager freedom to make good. Why not, therefore, provide an electoral college, independent of the council, to hire, and fire managers?
New south dakota primary law applies short ballot doctrine
Authors: Berdahl Clarence A.
Published: June 2007

The Richards Primary Law, which provided pre‐primary conventions to name majority and minority candidates for nomination, has been repealed. Its successor, the Slocum Law, retains the direct primary for policy‐determining officers, and delegates the nomination of others to party convetnions
An interview with the chief of police of rochester, n. y
Authors: Gates Alfred
Published: June 2007

What has been accomplished by the Rochester police department sounds deceptively easy as Chief Kavanaugh relates it. Sound judgment, per severance adn energy united with science and high ideals to get results
Moving platforms as a substitute for street cars
Authors: Schmidt Emerson P.
Published: June 2007

A new invention designed to replace street cars and subway trains.
The institute of public administration
Authors: Woodruff Clinton Rogers
Published: June 2007

The high calibre of the British Civil Service is exemplified in their Institute of Public Administration, of which there is no counterpart in the United States.
The taxpayers' movement in Europe
Authors: Schmölders Günter
Published: June 2007

The taxpayers' movement in Europe presents strong contrast to Similar efforts in the United States. Experience abroad offers suggestions for us.
The prospect union educational exchange
Authors: Lions Zelda
Published: June 2007

A pioneer in workers' education, the Prospect Union now finds its greatest service in acting as an advisory bureau to adults seeking to continue their education while at wk on a job.
Northern New Jersey seeks solution of regional problem
Authors: Frazer Spaulding
Published: June 2007

Northern New Jersey has a metropolitan government situation unique in this country. Radical measures for solving it have been recommended by the state regional government commission. They are here described by one who has had a long and intimate relation with past and present effect to secure unified action.
Why some cities have abandoned manager charters I. Defects in manager charters
Authors: Bromage Arthur W.
Published: June 2007

This is the first installment of a study of the reasons for the abandonment of manager charters in seventeen cities. The concluding installment will appear later.
County reform and metropolitan government
Authors: Greenlund William A.
Published: June 2007

Reform of Cleveland's Metropolitan Government now linked with proposals to remodel county government throughout the state by home rule grant to all counties.
Cleveland school board adheres to pay‐as‐you‐go
Authors: Gesell G. A.
Published: June 2007

The Smith One Per Cent Law compelled the abandonment of pay‐as‐you‐go but liberalizing legislation passed in 1925 is permitting the Cleveland School Board to return to its original police. Large savings for taxpayers effected.
How the tayler grant is operating as of August 30, 1930
Authors: Blaser Arthur F.
Published: June 2007

The Tayler Grant franchise of 1910, a pioneer in service‐at‐cost and city‐company partnership, has served the people well.
Social activities in the town for the motor age
Authors: Propper Henry M.
Published: June 2007

Radburn is only a year and a half old, but it is already a community, something more than a cluster of houses.
Pennsylvania clears her highways
Authors: McFarland J. Horace
Published: June 2007

In two weeks last summer the Pensylvania highway department, acting under the Woodruff Law, removed 24,843 illegal signs from public rights of way and 7,391 signs on private lands after conference with owners. State authorities are working to preserve Pennsylvania's great scenic beauty.
Why some cities have abandoned manager charters. II. Extraneous circumstances and political conditions
Authors: Bromage Arthur W.
Published: June 2007

The concluding installment of series on reasons for the abandonment of manager charters by seventeen cities.
The graft situation in Atlanta
Authors: Raoul Elbonore
Published: June 2007

Atlanta cleans house. Ten persons have been tried, nine convicted, and others are still under indictment.
What hoover dam means to municipalities of Southern California
Authors: Ford Thomas F.
Published: June 2007

Boulder Dam (now the Hoover Dam) is a public ownership project which must pay its way. Promise of rosy future for the Southwest.
Democratisation and corruption in Mongolia
Authors: Fritz Verena
Published: June 2007

More democratic and open systems of government are generally assumed to contain corruption. Subsequent to the end of the communist system in 1990, Mongolia has established a democratic regime, and has been assessed as being relatively well governed. However, more recently, corruption has been worsening, despite the continuation of a democratic regime.

This article inquires into the drivers of corruption and into the reasons for why accountability has not been more effective despite a democratic form of government. The availability of three major forms of rents—foreign aid, privatisation and natural resource extraction—is discussed as important drivers. The recent mining boom appears to have reinforced weaknesses in Mongolia's system of accountability. Underlying weaknesses include certain communist legacies, especially of intransparent government and of a ‘dependent’ judicial system, and substantially increased inequality as a result of transition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of protease‐activated receptor‐1 and ‐2 in human scar formation
Authors: Materazzi S , Pellerito S , Di Serio C , Paglierani M , Naldini A , Ardinghi C , Carraro F , Geppetti P , Cirino G , Santucci M , Tarantini F , Massi D
Published: June 2007

Protease‐activated receptor (PAR)‐1 and PAR‐2 are reported to contribute to the fibrotic process in a number of organs, including lung, liver, pancreas, and kidney. The aim of this study was to localize expression and biological activity of PAR‐1 and PAR‐2 in normal and pathological cutaneous scars. First, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of PAR‐1 and PAR‐2 proteins in a series of human normal scars (NS,n= 10), hypertrophic scars (HS,n= 10), and keloids (K,n= 10). Expression of PAR‐1 and PAR‐2 was observed in all types of scar. Specifically, in HS and K, diffuse PAR‐1 and PAR‐2 positivity was found in dermal cellular areas composed of myofibroblasts, while no or minor staining was observed in the scattered fibroblasts embedded in abundant extracellular matrix in the context of the more collagenous nodules, irrespective of the type of scar. The hyperplastic epidermis overlying K was also found to be strongly PAR‐1 and PAR‐2 positive, whilst in most NS and HS the epidermis was faintly to moderately stained. Second, ribonuclease protection assay on paraffin‐embedded specimens showed overexpression ofPAR‐1andPAR‐2mRNA in K compared to NS and HS. Third, cultured human fibroblasts exposed to TGF‐β1 expressed a myofibroblast phenotype associated with overexpression of PAR‐2, while PAR‐1 expression was unaffected. Intracellular Ca2+mobilization by PAR‐2 agonists in myofibroblasts was increased as compared to fibroblasts, whereas the effect of PAR‐1 agonists was unchanged. Ourin vivostudy indicates that PAR‐1 and PAR‐2 are expressed in cells involved in physiological and pathological scar formation and suggests thatin vitrooverexpression and exaggerated functional response of PAR‐2 may play a role in the function of myofibroblasts in scar evolution from a physiological repair process to a pathological tissue response. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical properties of gold in dislocated silicon
Authors: Voß O. , Kveder V. V. , Seibt M.
Published: June 2007

We present results of the electrical properties of gold‐decorated dislocations in silicon studied by means of Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS). We investigated the effect of the gold by measuring DLTS spectra from Schottky diodes having different gold concentrations but same thermal history. We found three point‐defect‐like deep levels which occurrence could be attributed to the gold.

After gold in‐diffusion the well‐known A‐, B‐ and C‐lines of dislocated n‐type silicon could hardly be measured, whereas another gold‐induced line appeared. This line has nearly the same emission characteristics as the gold acceptor level in non‐dislocated silicon but shows a logarithmic dependence on capture time typical for extended defects. In the lower half of the band gap we measured at least two gold‐induced levels. One of them shows very similar emission characteristics to the gold donor level in non‐dislocated silicon. Both amplitudes are logarithmically dependent on the capture time. We tentatively attribute this behaviour to substitutional dissolved gold accumulated in the vicinity of the dislocations and in dislocation core. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Core reconstructions of the 〈100〉 edge dislocation in single crystal CVD diamond
Authors: Fujita N. , Blumenau A. T. , Jones R. , Öberg S. , Briddon P. R.
Published: June 2007

Dislocations are common defects in both natural as well as in CVD‐grown diamond. Recent advances in the growth of high quality single crystal CVD diamond have led to an increased interest in the atomistic and electronic structure of 〈100〉 dislocations. These dislocations are observed as mixed‐type 45° and pure edge dislocations. Previously we investigated both types and found that the 45° is by far lower in core energy than the proposed structure of the edge type. In this work we focus on the straight 〈100〉 dislocation only and present novel core reconstructions. We find a minimum energy structure for the edge‐type dislocation which has a similar core energy as the mixed‐type dislocation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Radiative properties of dislocations generated around oxygen precipitates in Si
Authors: Steinman E. A. , Tereshchenko A. N. , Reznik V. Ya. , Falster R. J.
Published: June 2007

Generation of dislocations during the growth of oxygen precipitates has been used as an alternative way of introduction of dislocation‐related luminescence centers. For this purpose a multistep annealing of Cz Si samples with different initial concentrations of oxygen has been carried out. The analysis of defect density and structure was performed by optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dislocation‐related luminescence (DRL) appeared only after a growth stage, while its intensity strongly depended on the duration of the preliminary nucleation treatment. The duration of growth annealing had a strong influence on the spectral distribution of the DRL intensity. No correlation has been found between a particular defect density, defined by TEM, and the shape of luminescence bands. Therefore, it was concluded that the cause of the gradual DRL transformation is redistribution of oxygen, collected near dislocations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micro‐Raman study of strain fields around dislocations in GaAs
Authors: Irmer G. , Jurisch M.
Published: June 2007

The reliability of microelectronics devices strongly depends on defects like dislocations in the semiconductor wafers. Whereas several methods are routinely used to measure the dislocation density and residual stress in wafers, there is a need of methods to characterize the strain and stress fields around single dislocations with high lateral resolution. The strain and stress fields around single edge and screw dislocations in GaAs are considered, and the corresponding Raman shifts of the phonons are calculated. Due to the finite local resolution, mappings show averaged strain values. Requirements for lateral resolution and signal/noise ratios of the Raman measurements to characterize dislocations are discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Novel polycrystalline laser material: Nd3+:Y3Al5O12 ceramics fabricated by the high‐pressure colloidal slip‐casting (HPCSC) method
Authors: Kaminskii A. A. , Kravchenko V. B. , Kopylov Yu. L. , Bagayev S. N. , Shemet V. V. , Komarov A. A. , Kallmeyer F. , Eichler H. J.
Published: June 2007

We developed a new method for fabrication of oxide laser ceramics. Its prospects were conclusively confirmed by efficient lasing at two wavelengths ≈1064 nm (4F3/2 → 4I11/2) and ≈946 nm (4F3/2 → 4I9/2) of Nd3+ ions in Y3Al5O12 ceramics with laser‐diode pumping. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ice hydrometeor microphysical assumptions in radiative transfer models at AMSU‐B frequencies
Authors: Doherty A. M. , Sreerekha T. R. , O'Keeffe U. M. , English S. J.
Published: June 2007

Comparisons between two radiative transfer models, ARTS and RTTOV, showed that results in the presence of scattering from ice hydrometeors are highly dependent on assumptions made about the ice microphysics, specifically the size distribution and the density of the ice particles. This paper presents the results of a comparison study between a number of different treatments for the ice microphysics in RTTOV. Of the approaches considered, the combination of a size‐dependent density (larger ice particles are less dense) and a size distribution treatment based on the cloud temperature and ice water content give the best approximation for the cases examined. Further work is planned in other regimes to see if this approach can be applied more widely. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Modelling weather radar beam propagation and topographical blockage at northern high latitudes
Authors: Bech J. , Gjertsen U. , Haase G.
Published: June 2007

This paper describes a study to evaluate the variability of radio‐propagation conditions and to assess their effects upon weather‐radar beam blockage corrections for precipitation estimates. Radiosonde observations are examined in order to analyse the propagation conditions at several locations covered by the Nordic Weather Radar Network (NORDRAD). A beam‐propagation model is used to simulate the interaction between the radar beam and the topography and to derive correction factors. The model is applied to correct yearly accumulations, assuming standard radio‐propagation conditions, and is also used to examine case studies in detail under various propagation conditions. The correction reduces the bias between yearly radar precipitation estimates and gauge records by 1 dB for moderate blockages (1% to 50%), and by up to 3 dB for severe blockages (50% to 70%). The case studies indicate that HIRLAM forecasts show potential to predict the radar coverage and the associated ground‐ and sea‐clutter patterns. This research aims at determining a beam‐blockage‐correction algorithm to be used within the NORDRAD quality‐control system. This is particularly useful for obtaining radar precipitation estimates in environments with complex topography. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society