bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creep Strain Behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V Using Gleeble 3500
Authors: Zhang Kevin J. , Sheeley Chase , Frame Lesley D.
Published: September 2021

During forging operations, strain can occur through three primary mechanisms: strain due to load applied through dies, strain due to thermal contraction, and strain due to creep. In materials behavior models, strain due to applied load and thermal contraction are directly considered and predictions are based on thermophysical properties and flow stress behaviors as inputs to the models. Strain due to creep after forging (during cooling) is often more difficult to predict and capture due to lack of materials data. In particular, data that capture the changing flow stress behavior during cooling (rather than from isothermal testing) are not commonly available. In this project, creep strain behavior during cooling was investigated by physical simulations using a Gleeble 3500. Standard cylinder-shaped Ti-6Al-4V samples with 10 mm diameter were heated to below β-transus temperature (1775°F) or above β-transus (1925°F), followed by constant cooling rates of 250°F/min and 1000°F/min with and without applied load during cooling to 1000°F. Total strain for the tests ranged from 2 – 6%. Characterization of prior microstructure and texture was carried out using XRD, optical microscopy, and SEM. The results provide insights on the relationship of flow stress behavior and microstructure as a function of temperature and cooling rate and are applicable to forging practices. These materials data can be used as input for future process modeling, potentially giving better prediction accuracy in industry applications.
Effects of Cold Work on Abnormal Grain Growth During Simulated Carburizing of 4121 Steel Containing Nb
Authors: Lee Sukjin , Jung Seo Eun , Cryderman Robert L. , Matlock David K. , Speer John G.
Published: September 2021

Precision cold-forging processes are used to produce near-netshape parts that may then be carburized. During carburization thermal cycles, abnormal grain growth (AGG) after cold forging is known to develop microstructures which limit fatigue strength. In the present study, a small 0.04 wt.% Nb addition was made to a low-alloyed AISI 4121 steel containing 0.3 wt.% Mo. Subcritically annealed specimens were cold rolled (to simulate cold forging) at selected reduction ratios up to 50%, heated according to a simulated gas carburizing cycle at 930 °C, and water quenched to produce a final martensitic microstructure. The number density of abnormally grown grains increased rapidly as the cold rolling reduction ratio increased from 0 to 10%. With a further increase in reduction ratio, the extent of AGG decreased and was absent in samples subjected to the maximum reduction ratio of 50%. The evolution of fine (Nb, Mo)(C,N) precipitates at various stages of processing was characterized by thermodynamic calculations and electron microscopy and compared to the occurrence of abnormal austenite grain growth. The significance of these results for controlling AGG and thus optimizing fatigue performance in commercially-produced cold-forged and carburized components is discussed.
An Integrated Virtual Engineering Methodology to Evaluate Manufacturing Residual Stress in Cylinder Blocks through Casting and Quenching
Authors: Jan James , Swisher Steve , Yusuf Ali Mohammed , Chandrakesan Shanmugasundaram
Published: September 2021

Computer simulations are increasingly being used in the automotive industry to evaluate the state of stress in cylinder blocks during casting and heat treat processes. With recent advancements, it is now possible to model casting and quenching processes as well as residual stress and high cycle fatigue. However, calculating the final stress in cylinder blocks requires the integration of several software tools with different meshing topologies, numerical methods, data structures, and post-processing capabilities. The intent of this research is to develop an integrated virtual engineering environment that combines casting simulation, computational fluid dynamics, and finite element methods in order to simulate the manufacturing process from the beginning of casting, through water quenching heat treatment, to engine dynamometer testing. The computational environment is built on three CAE tools, Magmasoft, AVL Fire, and Abaqus, and required considerable amounts of research and development to validate each numerical method and the tools that facilitate data exchange between them.
Process to Minimize Distortion during High Pressure Gas Quenching Processes
Authors: Sims Justin , Li Zhichao (Charlie) , Ferguson B. Lynn , Fetty Jason
Published: September 2021

A gas quenching method was developed by DANTE Solutions, in conjunction with the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation & Missile Center (DEVCOM AvMC), to control distortion in difficult to quench geometries. This new method addresses the nonuniform cooling inherent in most gas quenching processes. A prototype unit was constructed and tested with the aim of controlling the martensite formation rate uniformity in the component being quenched. With the ability of the DANTE Controlled Gas Quenching (DCGQ) unit to control the temperature of the quench gas entering the quench chamber, thermal and phase transformation gradients are significantly reduced. This reduction in gradients yields a more uniform phase transformation, resulting in reduced and predictable distortion. Being able to minimize and predict distortion during gas quenching, post heat treatment finishing operations can be reduced or eliminated, and as such, fatigue performance can be improved. This paper will discuss the prototype unit performance. Mechanical testing and metallographic analysis were also performed on Ferrium C64 alloy steel coupons and will be discussed. The results obtained showed that the slower cooling rate provided by the prototype did not alter the microstructure, hardness, strength, ductility, toughness, or residual stress of the alloy.
Quantitative Characterization of Organic Quenchant’s Heat Transfer by using Fireworks Algorithm
Authors: Felde Imre , Canale Lauralice F. , Colas Rafael , Totten George E.
Published: September 2021

The knowledge of the thermal boundary conditions helps to understand the heat transfer phenomena that takes place during heat treatment processes. Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTC) describe the heat exchange between the surface of an object and the surrounding medium. The Fireworks Algorithm (FWA) method was used on near-surface temperature-time cooling curve data obtained with the so-called Tensi multithermocouple 12.5 mm diameter x 45 mm Inconel 600 probe. The fitness function to be minimized by a Fireworks Algorithm (FWA) approach is defined by the deviation of the measured and calculated cooling curves. The FWA algorithm was parallelized and implemented on a Graphics Processing Unit architecture. This paper describes the FWA methodology used to compare and differentiate the potential quenching properties of a series of vegetable oils, including cottonseed, peanut, canola, coconut, palm, sunflower, corn, and soybean oil, versus a typical accelerated petroleum oil quenchant.
Heat Transfer Characteristics and Cooling Performance of Treated Kitchen Coconut Oil
Authors: Roy Sridhin S , Samuel Augustine , Prabhu K.Narayan
Published: September 2021

Many alternative ecofriendly quenchants have been developed to replace mineral oil such as vegetable oils, polymer quenchants, and nanofluids. Although vegetable oils show superior cooling performance to mineral oil, their use is limited due to high production costs and low thermal stability. In this study, used coconut oil was chemically treated and its cooling and heat transfer characteristics were compared with that of refined coconut oil and mineral oil. The thermophysical properties of chemically treated waste coconut oil were found to be higher than that of the other oils tested, and its wettability proved to be better as well. Quenching experiments using an Inconel 600 probe (as per ISO 9950 and ASTM D 6200 standards) showed that the vapor blanket stage was shorter for the chemically treated oil than either of the others. The treated waste oil was also found to have the highest average peak heat flux based on the solution to the inverse heat conduction problem.
Modeling the Effect of Chemistry Changes on Phase Transformation Timing, Hardness, and Distortion in Carburized 8620 Gear Steel
Authors: Meyer Jason , Habean Stefan , Londrico Dan , Sims Justin
Published: September 2021

AISI 8620 low carbon steel is widely used due to its relatively low cost and excellent case hardening properties. The nominal chemistry of AISI 8620 can have a large range, affecting the phase transformation timing and final hardness of a carburized case. Different vendors and different heats of steel can have different chemistries under the same AISI 8620 range which will change the result of a well-established heat treatment process. Modeling the effects of alloy element variation can save countless hours and scrap costs while providing assurance that mechanical requirements are met. The DANTE model was validated using data from a previous publication and was used to study the effect of chemistry variations on hardness and phase transformation timing. Finally, a model of high and low chemistries was executed to observe the changes in hardness, retained austenite and residual stress caused by alloy variation within the validated heat treatment process.
Endoparacite investigation in some fish species with high economic value obtained from Çanakkale
Authors: ALDIK Ruhay , ÇAKIR Fikret , YAYINTAŞ Özlem , ALTINAĞAÇ Uğur
Published: September 2021

The study is an endoparasitic examination of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn 1782), bogue (Boops boops Linnaeus 1758), horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus Linnaeus 1758), sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum 1792), and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus 1758) fish taken from Çanakkale fish state as an annual sampling between 01 September 2019- 01 September 2020. One thousand three hundred thirty-seven fishes were sampled. The external morphological examination of the fish brought to the laboratory was made, then the conditions of their visceral organs and their visceral structures were examined by dissection method. Nematodes collected alive from many parts of the body were kept in absolute (99.9%) ethanol. Parasites in ethanol were kept in glycerin for a few days before being examined under the microscope.
Nematodes were first examined morphologically on a stereomicroscope and then under a light microscope for easy species identification. Classical detection methods have been used for species determination. As a result, among the individuals belonging to the Anisakidae family, Anisakis spp. L3 larval stage type 1 and type 2, Anisakis physeteris larval stage, Contracaecum larval stage, Hysterothylacium aduncum L3 larval stage were found. The density, abundance, and prevalence rates of the parasites in the infected fish are determined as a percentage.
«Crisis of Russian Byzantinism» and Translations of Greek Church Fathers in the Old Rus’
Authors: Пантелеев Сергий
Published: September 2021

Протоиерей Георгий Флоровский, как известно, - истый эллинист, и христианский эллинизм есть для него мерило исторических и богословских процессов, протекавших в Церкви. Такой подход вызывает различную реакцию, но так или иначе, он лежит в основе восприятия древнерусского богословия отцом Георгием, изложение которого составляет первую главу «Путей русского богословия». В настоящей статье не дается оценка этого факта, автор обращает внимание на все ещё плохую изученность древнерусского богословия, в частности - бытовавших на Руси переводов греческих отцов Церкви. Только создание сводных каталогов памятников святоотеческой мысли, различных «реперториумов», которые содержали бы точные данные о святоотеческих текстах на славянском языке в их соотнесенности с греческой традицией, позволит не только критически взглянуть на многие идеи, изложенные отцом Георгием вычеркнуть, но и даст необходимую базу для объективного изложения древнерусского богословия. В этом направлении уже немало сделано, но ещё явно недостаточно. Вместе с тем подобная работа приводит в ряде случаев к очень неожиданным результатам, важным для реконструкции древнерусского богословия и изучения рукописной традиции (включая греческую) святоотеческих переводов.

Archpriest G. Florovsky is known to have been a true «hellenist», and Christian hellenism was to him a measure of historical and theological processes in the Church. This approach elicits varied response, however it lies in the basis of the assessment given by Father Georgy to theology in the Old Rus’ and is presented in the first chapter of his «Ways of the Russian Theology». No evaluation to this fact is given in the article, while the author draws attention to the understudied condition of theological works in the Old Rus’, and specifically of the Old Russian translations of Greek Church Fathers. Only development of consolidated catalogues of patristic works (the various repertories, which contain accurate data about patristic texts in Church Slavonic and refer to the Greek tradition) would allow to critically observe many ideas expressed by Father Georgy in the first chapter of the «Ways…» and provide basis for objective expounding of the Old Russian theology. While some progress has been achieved in this area of research, objective reconstitution of the early medieval Russian theology is far from being complete.
«He Was Called in Kiev “A Humble Philosopher”»: Influence of Archimandrite Theophan Avsenev on the Formation of Philosophical Tradition in Russian Theological Academies: In the Interpretation and Evaluation of Fr. Georges Florovsky
Authors: Ряполов Сергей Владимирович
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются основные положения оригинальной философской системы о. Феофана (Авсенева), значительное влияние на которую оказали философия платонизма, православное богословие и мистическое шеллингианство. Согласно мысли протоиерея Георгия Флоровского, о. Феофан (Авсенев) может быть назван наиболее ярким мыслителем киевской философско-богословской школы. Оказав значительное влияние на формирование киевской духовно-академической традиции, о. Феофан (Авсенев) сформулировал оригинальное философское учение, основные положения которого были опубликованы, к сожалению, уже после смерти мыслителя в составе «Сборника из лекций бывших профессоров Киевской дух. академии,.. изданного академией по случаю пятидесятилетнего юбилея её» в Киеве в 1869 г.

The article discusses the main ideas of Archimandrite Theophan Avsenev’s original philosophical system, which was significantly influenced by the philosophy of Platonism, Orthodox theology, and mystical schellingianism. According to Fr. Georges Florovsky, Archimandrite Theophan (Avsenev) can be called the most prominent thinker of the philosophical and theological school of Kiev. Having had a significant influence on the formation of the theological and academic tradition in Kiev, Archimandrite Theophan Avsenev formulated an original philosophical doctrine, whose main ideas were published after the author’s death in the «Collection of Lectures by Former Professors of the Kiev Academy… Published by the Academy on the Occasion of its 50th Anniversary» in Kiev in 1869.
About Distinction Between Conditions of the World Before and After the Fallin Works of Russian Theologians and Religious Thinkers XIX - Early XX Century
Authors: Серебряков Николай
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются мнения русских богословов и религиозных философов XIX - начала ХХ в. о характере и масштабах влияния грехопадения первых людей на состояние всего мира. Показано, что для русского богословия указанного периода характерно признание катастрофического влияния грехопадения по отношению ко всему мирозданию. Это влияние объясняется теснейшей связью человека со всем космосом. Однако эта очевидная богословская истина практически не была учтена в естественнонаучно-апологетической литературе этого периода при обсуждении проблемы соотнесения библейского повествования о творении мира и человека с научными данными. Более того, в начале ХХ в. появляются представления, что грехопадение в объективном плане никак не повлияло на состояние мира, а только изменило человека и его взгляд на мир. Лишь в русской религиозно-философской литературе начала ХХ в. идея о теснейшей связи человека и космоса нашла свой отклик, и на основании этой идеи была дана критическая оценка способности естественных наук проникнуть в мир до события грехопадения.

The article describes the views of the Russian theologians and religious philosophers of XIX - early XX centuries about a character and scales of influence of the fall on a condition of the world. We show that the Russian theology of this period recognizes the catastrophic influence of the fall on the entire universe. This influence is due to the close connection of man with the entire cosmos. However, this obvious theological truth was practically ignored in the discussion of the problem of the correlation of the biblical narrative about the creation of the world and man and scientific data in the natural science and apologetic literature in this period. Moreover, at the beginning of the ХХ century there are ideas that the fall in objective terms did not affect the state of the world, but that it changed only the nature of a man and man's view of the world. Only in the Russian religious philosophical literature at the beginning of the XX century the idea about the closest connection of a man and the universe got the response. On the basis of this idea religious philosophers gave a critical assessment of the ability of sciences to get into the world prior to the fall.
The Eschatological Aspect of St. Paul's Teaching About «Natural Body» and «Spiritual Body» in Russian Biblical Scholars' Writings
Authors: Коротков Пётр Александрович
Published: September 2021

Одной из центральных тем эсхатологии св. ап. Павла является учение о «теле душевном» и «теле духовном», изучению которого посвящены труды многих русских библеистов. Обновление и преображение человеческого духа по образу Христа неизбежно изменяет и тело человеческое, которое по воскресении становится нетленным, духовным, подобным Телу Христа при Его преображении. Истина воскресения Христова безусловно непреложна и обязательна для всего обновлённого человечества, и потому вполне правомерен вопрос о модификации посмертного состояния человека. Богословие ап. Павла даёт возможность предположить, что душа человека, оставляя земное тело, уносит с собой орган, который образовала себе в течение земной жизни. Именно поэтому становится возможным индивидуальное существование умерших, через их физическое преображение и восстание человеческой природы. Материальное воскресение человека гарантирует связь его настоящего бытия с будущим по всем свойствам и становится возможным только благодаря вторичному творческому акту божественного вмешательства извне.

One of the central issues of St. Paul's eschatology is the teaching about «natural body» and «spiritual body» which many Russian biblical scholars' writings are devoted to. Renewal and transfiguration of human spirit in the image of Christ inevitably changes human body that after the Resurrection becomes imperishable, spiritual, similar to Christ's body in his transfiguration. The truth of Christ's Resurrection is absolutely immutable and mandatory to the whole renewed humanity and therefore the question of the modification of postmortem human's state is quite fair. The St Paul's theology lets us suppose that human's soul leaving the terrestrial body carries with it an organ that it has formed during the earthly life. That's exactly why the individual existence of the dead becomes possible through their corporal transfiguration and uprising of the human nature. The material human's Resurrection guarantees the connection between their present and future being with all the characteristics and becomes possible only thanks to the secondary creative act of divine intervention from the outside.
The Idea of Spiritual Victory in the Revelation of St. John the Evangelist: on the Texts of Byzantine Christian Literature
Authors: Шлёнов Дионисий
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются все стихи двух частей священной книги Откровения св. Иоанна Богослова с упоминанием о победе при помощи поиска по ключевым словам νίκη, νικάω в толковании византийских экзегетов Апокалипсиса: Икумения, Андрея Кесарийского и Арефы Кесарийского. Экзегеты обращали внимание на духовный смысл данных стихов, понимая их в аскетико-мистическом и богословском смысле. Под победителем, как правило, понимается Христоc Спаситель, Который подразумевается в Апокалипсисе, но не называется по имени. Особое внимание обращается на дары победителю, которые перечисляются в Апокалипсисе и интерпретируются экзегетами и рядом святых отцов как созерцание и знание, то есть как Боговидение и Богопознание. Тем самым на примере толкования «победных» стихов Апокалипсиса подтверждается общеаскетическая схема Православия о приближении к Богу и Его мистическим дарам через аскетические подвиги. Созерцательная экзегеза Апокалипсиса особенно актуальна в современную эпоху - для сосредоточения на идеале спасения в уповании на Бога.

The article examines all the verses of two parts of the holy book of Revelation of St. John the Theologian with a mention of the victory by searching for the keywords νίκη, νικάω in the interpretation of the Byzantine exegetes of Apocalypse: Icumenius, Andrew of Caesarea and Arefa of Caesarea. The exegetes paid attention to the spiritual meaning of these verses, understanding them in the ascetic-mystical and theological sense. As a rule, the winner is understood as Christ the Savior, who is meant in the Apocalypse, but is not called by name. Particular attention is paid to the gifts to the winner, which are listed in the Apocalypse and are interpreted by the exegetes and a number of the holy fathers as contemplation and knowledge, that is, as the vision of God and the knowledge of God. Thus, on the example of the interpretation of the «victorious» verses of the Apocalypse, the general ascetic scheme of Orthodoxy about the approach to God and His mystical gifts through ascetic deeds is confirmed. The contemplative exegesis of the Apocalypse is especially relevant in the modern era for focusing on the ideal of salvation in trusting in God
Monastic and Lay Life in the Roman Catholic Church in the Light of Decisions of Vatican II
Authors: Борисов Антоний
Published: September 2021

Второй Ватиканский собор (1962-1965) поставил перед монашескими орденами задачу обновить принципы жизни, вернувшись к корням понимания монашеского делания и аскезы. В дальнейшем реформа фактически приравняла монашеский путь спасения к пути мирянина, что послужило причиной неоднозначных изменений в католических обществах посвящённой Богу жизни. В статье проводится анализ последствий этих изменений, произошедших в жизни Католической церкви с инициативы Второго Ватиканского собора. В частности, отмечается, что собор запустил процесс административного и прежде всего смыслового реформирования католического монашества. Этот процесс идёт до сих пор и периодически принимает форму кризиса.

The Second Vatican Council (1962-65) challenged the monastic orders to renew the fundamentals of their way of life returning to the original understanding of monastic practice and asceticism. Later the reform virtually equated the monastic way of salvation to the layman’s way, and this caused ambiguous changes in catholic societies of consecrated life. The article analyzes the consequences of these changes brought into the life of the Roman Catholic Church due to Vatican II. In particular, it is indicated that the council started the process of administrative and, above all, conceptual reforms in the catholic monasticism. This process is still ongoing and periodically takes the shape of a crisis.
Ivan Vasilyevich Kireyevsky: “New Principles” of Philisophy
Authors: Иванов Михаил Степанович
Published: September 2021

В статье анализируются предложенные известным русским мыслителем И. В. Киреевским «новые начала» философии, которые могли бы послужить преодолению в русской религиозной философии западного рационализма. Во введении даётся краткое описание истории зарождения и развития рационализма на Западе и его критики Киреевским. Описываются творческий путь и философский поиск Киреевского, а также обретение им подлинной веры, приведшей его к осмыслению «целостности бытия», «целостности личности», «целостности веры и разума». Отмечается своеобразие подходов Киреевского в разработке «новых начал» философии.

The article offers an analysis of the «new principles» of philosophy proposed by a famous Russian thinker I. V. Kireyevsky, which may help to overcome Western rationalism in Russian religious philosophy. The introduction provides a brief account of the origin and development of rationalism in the West and its critique by Kireyevsky. Then the author describes the course of Kireyevsky’s life and his philosophical search, as well as his encounter with the true Faith led him to comprehension of «unity of being», «unity of person», «unity of faith and reason». Special attention is payed to originality of Kireyevsky’s approaches to development of the «new principles» of philosophy.
Personality According to Priest Pavel Florensky
Authors: Горячев Даниил
Published: September 2021

В статье выясняются отдельные проблемные вопросы философии П. А. Флоренского, относящиеся к его учению о личности. Прослеживаются мировоззренческие основания, логика и следствия таких, на первый взгляд парадоксальных, утверждений о том, что Крест представляет собой личность; ею же являются стихии, животные и растения; человек же, напротив, способен утратить свою личность. С последним связано антиномичное понимание вечных мук. Объяснить данные философские и богословские положения помогает софиология священника Павла Флоренского, дающая теоцентрическую установку во взгляде на мир, открывающая его благость, разумность и единство. Основной вывод исследования говорит о предельно широком восприятии Флоренским личного начала: всё сущее лично.

The article elucidates some problematic questions of P. A. Florensky’s philosophy related to his teaching about personality. The author traces the ideological foundations, logic and consequences of seemingly paradoxical statements that the Cross is a person, and so are the elements, animals and plants; a human, on the contrary, is able to lose his personality. The latter statement is associated with an antinomic understanding of eternal torment. It is Florensky’s sophiology that helps to explain these philosophical and theological positions, providing a theocentric attitude to the world that reveals its goodness, rationality, and unity. The study concludes that Florensky’s perception of the principle of personality is extremely broad: everything that exists is personal.
Review on: Oskar Pfister. Das Christentum und Die Angst
Authors: Воронов Дамиан
Published: September 2021

Впервые с момента написания в 1944 году стал доступен на русском языке труд швейцарского психоаналитика, педагога и пастора Оскара Пфистера (1873–1956), который кропотливо создавался автором на протяжении 36 лет. Фундаментальное произведение посвящено сути и истории христианской любви в ее применении к единственной, однако невероятно важной проблеме — проблеме страха...

For the first time since his writing in 1944 became available in Russian a work of Swiss psychoanalyst, educator and pastor Oscar Pfister (1873-1956), which painstakingly created the author for 36 years. The fundamental work is dedicated to the essence and history of Christian love in its application to a single, but incredibly important problem - the problem of fear...
Application of Robots and Robotic Systems in Agriculture
Authors: Zimmer Domagoj , Jurišić Mladen , Plaščak Ivan , Barač Željko , Radočaj Dorijan
Published: September 2021

The paper depicts agricultural robots that can perform complex tasks. Fast development and application of agricultural robotics is a result of increased development of agricultural machinery. Robots are complex and intelligent systems with a significant role in agriculture that are becoming an integral part of both the technological and scientific progress. The paper presents some important roles of robots and robotic systems in various agricultural areas and explains the deployment of new technologies supported by the examples of their application in arable farming, horticulture, and forestry. Robotics application decreases the deployment of human resources, enables significant production cost savings, and increases production capacity. The application of robotic systems facilitates high precision levels and repetition speed regarding time and space, which cannot be replicated by farmers
Prioritization of Brand Equity Components Using an Integrated Structural Equation Modelling and Fuzzy AHP
Authors: Mortezaei Gelare , Otaghvar Hamidreza Alizadeh , Vazifehdoost Hossein , Saeedi Parviz , Pegheh Abdolaziz
Published: September 2021

Brand equity of health tourism is the set of assets (or liabilities) of the brand in relation to the name and symbol of the tourism destination that cause changes in the
value of services and experiences that are determined there. Considering the characteristics and cultural, social and economic capacities of Iranian tourism destinations, this study tends to develop a model for brand equity in health tourism, derived from the Acker model, according to Iran's conditions and studies conducted. First, previous studies in this regard were carefully reviewed by meta-synthesis. Then the mixed method including qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. The data were analyzed using grounded theory and MAXQDA18 software and then using structural equation method and fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP). Statistical population included experts including professors in the field of marketing and health tourism specialists for qualitative part, and foreign users of health tourism services of Iran for quantitative part. The results showed that hospital brand equity is directly affected by brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, brand loyalty, social responsibility, firm value and customer value. As a result, at the national level, investing in this sector and branding and paying attention to brand equity of health tourism can make Iran one of the best health tourism destinations
in the world.
Model for Predicting the Machinability of Continuously Cast and Subsequently Rolled Steel Using the Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Kovačič Miha , Salihu Shpetim , Župerl Uroš
Published: September 2021

The paper presents a model for predicting the machinability of steels using the method of artificial neural networks. The model includes all indicators from the entire steel production process that best predict the machinability of continuously cast steel. Data for model development were obtained from two years of serial production of 26 steel grades from 255 batches and include seven parameters from secondary metallurgy, four parameters from the casting process, and the content of ten chemical elements. The machinability was determined based on ISO 3685, which defines the machinability of a batch as the cutting speed with a cutting tool life of 15 minutes. An artificial neural network is used to predict this cutting speed. Based on the modelling results, the steel production process was optimised. Over a 5-month period, an additional 39 batches of 20MnV6 steel were produced to verify the developed model.
Statistical Evaluation of Semi-Analytical, Analytical, and Numerical Models of the Serial Production Lines
Authors: Ložar Viktor , Opetuk Tihomir , Cajner Hrvoje , Hadžić Neven , Andrić Jerolim
Published: September 2021

Production lines are the backbone of the manufacturing industry. To gain the best profit out of a line it is necessary to design each line using the production system engineering. Therefore, three approaches can be used, the numerical, the analytical, and the semi-analytical approach. The aggregation method, finite state method, and the numerical approach are statistically compared concerning the analytical approach using the STATISTICA software. We analyzed the interaction between the input data and the output data for the finite state method in an illustrative example, using a full factorial design and the Design Expert software
Protection of breeders' rights as a stimulating factor in the development of agri-business
Authors: Letova Elizaveta A.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the main problems of protecting the rights to selection achievements in the context of the development of entrepreneurial activity in the field of agriculture and the transformation of the entire industry as a whole. Without a developed legal regulation of intellectual rights to selection achievements, it is impossible to stimulate innovation in agriculture, which complicates the process of increasing the rate of production of high-quality products. Attracting investments into the industry, increasing its investment attractiveness is impossible without a developed mechanism of legal protection of all participants in legal relations in the field of selection.
THE NON-LOCAL TIME PROBLEM FOR ONE CLASS OF PSEUDODIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH SMOOTH SYMBOLS
Authors: Kolisnyk R. , Gorodetskyi V. , Martynyuk O.
Published: September 2021

In this paper we investigate the differential-operator equation
$$
\partial u (t, x) / \partial t + \varphi (i \partial / \partial x) u (t, x) = 0, \quad (t, x) \in (0, + \infty) \times \mathbb {R} \equiv \Omega,
$$
where the function $ \varphi \in C ^ {\infty} (\mathbb {R}) $ and satisfies certain conditions. Using the explicit form of the spectral function of the self-adjoint operator $ i \partial / \partial x $, in $ L_2 (\mathbb {R}) $ it is established that the operator $ \varphi (i \partial / \partial x) $ can be understood as a pseudodifferential operator in a certain space of type $ S $. The evolution equation $ \partial u / \partial t + \sqrt {I- \Delta} u = 0 $, $ \Delta = D_x ^ 2 $, with the fractionation differentiation operator $ \sqrt { I- \Delta} = \varphi (i \partial / \partial x) $, where $ \varphi (\sigma) = (1+ \sigma ^ 2) ^ {1/2} $, $ \sigma \in \mathbb {R} $ is attributed to the considered equation.

Considered equation is a nonlocal multipoint problem with the initial function $ f $, which is an element of a space of type $ S $ or type $ S '$ which is a topologically conjugate with a space of type $ S $ space. The properties of the fundamental solution of such a problem are established, the correct solvability of the problem in the half-space $ t> 0 $ is proved, the representation of the solution in the form of a convolution of the fundamental solution with the initial function is found, the behavior of the solution $ u (t, \cdot) $ for $ t \to + \infty $ (solution stabilization) in spaces of type $ S '$.
PAIRS OF HAHN AND SEPARATELY CONTINUOUS FUNCTION
Authors: Maslyuchenko O. , Kushnir A.
Published: September 2021

In this paper we continue the study of interconnections between separately continuous
function which was started by V. K. Maslyuchenko. A pair (g, h) of functions on a topological space is called a pair of Hahn if g ≤ h, g is an upper semicontinuous function and h is a lower semicontinuous function. We say that a pair of Hahn (g, h) is generated by a function f, which depends on two variables, if the inﬁmum of f and the supremum of f with respect to the second variable equals g and h respectively. We prove that for any perfectly normal space X and non-pseudocompact space Y every pair of Hahn on X is generated by a continuous function on X x Y . We also obtain that for any perfectly normal space X and for any space Y having non-scattered compactiﬁcation any pair of Hahn on X is generated by a separately continuous function on X x Y .
Critical Analysis of the Right to Education for Pregnant School-going Teenage Girls in South Africa
Authors:   Faculty of Management and Law, University of Limpopo, South Africa, M. Sefoka Isaiah , O. Odeku Kola
Published: September 2021

Most inadvertently, teenage girls in school fall pregnant. Over recent years, South Africa has seen an exponential increase in teenage pregnancy. A significant number of pregnant teenage girls end up dropping out of school as often they are unable to cope with the huge responsibility associated with pregnancy, and some schools are not supportive of pregnant learners. However, pregnant teenage girls still have the right to education. To make it methodologically sound, this study utilized a literature review research approach, mainly sourced from google scholar search engine, to address issues relating to the legal protection of pregnant teenagers. The study found that, in schools, pregnant girls were discriminated against on different grounds, and sometimes expelled. The research presented consequences of teenage pregnancy such as, dropping out of school, loneliness, anxiety/stress, and so on. More importantly, using the jurisprudence of the South African courts, the paper accentuates that pregnant teenagers still have the right to education, and being pregnant cannot be used to deprive or deny them this fundamental human right. It prohibits discrimination in schools on the basis of pregnancy, and presents arguments for continuation of schooling, and all assistance needed to ensure that the right to education is protected at all costs, even during pregnancy.
Correlates of Domestic Violence against Men: Qualitative insights from Kenya
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Muriithi Gateri Alex , Gesora Ondicho Tom , Karimi Edith
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the drivers of domestic violence against men in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. It utilised a qualitative research design, and 30 victimised men were interviewed between March and May 2018. Supplementary data were gathered from key informants and secondary sources. The study was guided by the social learning theory and field data were subjected to thematic and content analysis. Ethical considerations were adhered to throughout the study. Findings revealed that perpetrator-related and victim-related characteristics were the main triggers of domestic violence against men. These included the desire of women to dominate; emotional dissonance; peer influence; men’s infidelity, drunkenness, and failure to shoulder family responsibilities. The study suggests an urgent need to increase awareness and develop innovative strategies to prevent and respond to domestic violence.
The Effectiveness of Vocational Training and Access to Finance in Alleviating Poverty among Women in Rural South Africa
Authors:   Department of Public Management Tshwane University of Technology, Phala M.D. , Mukonza R.M.
Published: September 2021

Globally, there is a growing belief that through women’s empowerment, the socio-economic well-being of many societies will be transformed. This article sought to investigate the effectiveness of these women’s empowerment programmes in fostering poverty alleviation in rural South Africa, using Diphagane village in Limpopo Province as a point of reference. The study employed the qualitative research approach. To facilitate an in-depth understanding of the specific area of focus, the study was premised on the exploratory research design. The findings indicate that women believe they are central to the family unit and empowering them through vocational education and training indeed alleviates poverty. The consensus is that women empowerment through vocational education and training is a key parameter to ensure women’s competitiveness, and as such improves their chances of building a better life and improving their livelihoods. This in turn leads to an improvement in the quality of life for families and the rural community. The responses obtained suggest that poverty reduction is possible through the financial empowerment of women. It is therefore recommended that the South African government intensifies provision of vocational training and access to finance as part of the broader strategy to alleviate poverty in rural areas.
MAKNA KESEJAHTERAAN PENDUDUK LANJUT USIA (Tinjauan Sosiologi Kependudukan dan Kesejahteraan)
Authors: Hasbi Hasbi , Usman Musrayani
Published: September 2021

Data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS 2018) menunjukkan peningkatan populasi penduduk lanjut usia. Pada tahun 2000 penduduk lanjut usia berjumlah 14,45 juta jiwa (7,18 persen), meningkat pada tahun 2010 menjadi 18,04 juta jiwa (7,56 persen) dan pada tahun 2018 jumlah penduduk lanjut usia meningkat menjadi 24,49 juta jiwa (9,27 persen). Jika peningkatan populasi penduduk lanjut usia tidak diantisipasi akan menjadi beban bagi negara, masyarakat, dan keluarga. Tujuan kajian ini untuk mengetahui pemeranan interaksi sosial dan dukungan sosial penduduk lanjut usia. Metode kajian adalah kajian pustaka dengan jenis analisis data sekunder. Data diperoleh dari beberapa artikel dan buku-buku yang relevan. Hasil kajian menemukan aspek interaksi sosial lanjut usia dengan keluarga dan lingkungan, menentukan dukungan sosial keluarga dan lingkungan terhadap mereka. Kesimpulan, dengan pemeranan interasi sosial penduduk lanjut usia dan pemeranan dukungan sosial oleh keluarga dan lingkungan terhadap penduduk lanjut usia, diharapkan para penduduk lanjut usia akan mencapai kondisi successful aging atau kesejahteraan subyektif.
PENGARUH DUKUNGAN SOSIAL KELUARGA TERHADAP PERILAKU WARGA BINAAN PEMASYARAKATAN DI LAPAS KELAS I MAKASSAR
Authors: Anriyadi Andi
Published: September 2021

Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi dan perkembangan peradaban manusia dari masa ke masa, kebutuhan kepentingan manusia semakin bertambah, hal ini tentunya membawa dampak negatif yang mengakibatkan bertambahnya kemungkinan terjadinya kejahatan, individu yang melakukan tindak pelanggaran hukum akan mendapatkan sanksi. Pidana penjara merupakan fungsi untuk menyadarkan individu dari tindak kejahatan dan tidak mengulangi di masa yang akan datang dan individu dalam menjalani masa hukuman di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. Oleh karena itu maka pihak keluarga perlu memberikan dukungan sosial yang dapat membantu narapidana merasa tenang, diperhatikan, dicintai dan menimbulkan rasa percaya diri. Dukungan sosial keluarga terdiri dari : dukungan emosional, dukungan instrumental, dukungan informasi dan dukungan motivasi yang mempengaruhi penerimaan kembali narapidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, yang menjelaskan hubungan antara variabel-variabel penelitian melalui pengujian hipotesis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner yang diberikan kepada Warga Binaan pemasyarakatan yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh temuan bahwa dukungan sosial keluarga ditinjau dari dukungan emosional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku warga binaan, dukungan instrumental berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku warga binaan pemasyarakatan, dukungan informasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku warga binaan pemasyarakatan, serta dukungan motivasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku warga binaan pemasyarakatan di Lapas Kelas I Makassar.
STRATEGI PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK DALAM KELUARGA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Susilowati Anggi Yus , Susanto Andi
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to study the appropriate conflict resolution strategies in resolving family conflictsduring the pandemic. The research method used in this research is library research method. The results of the studyshow that conflicts within the family during the pandemic, when viewed from the conflicting parties, include conflictbetween husband and wife, conflict between parents and children, and conflict between siblings. The cause of the familyconflict is due to two factors, namely originating from personality problems and other family problems such as familyfinances or economics, household chores, childcare problems, and interaction problems within the family. Family conflictresolution strategies can be carried out in two methods, namely self-resolving conflict resolution using severalapproaches that can be used such as collaboration or compromise approaches, defeating opponents or competitions,and avoiding. Conflict resolution methods in resolving family conflicts can also be done with third party interventions to helpresolve conflicts that occur. 

 

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengkaji strategi penyelesaian konflik yang tepat dalam menyelesaikan konflikkeluarga dimasa pandemi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan.Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa konflik di dalam keluarga pada masa pandemi jika dilihat dari pihak yangberkonflik meliputi konflik pasangan suami istri, konflik antara orang tua dan anak, serta konflik antarsaudara. Penyebabterjadinya Konflik keluarga tersebut dikarenakan atas dua faktor yakni bersumber dari masalah kepribadian danbersumber dari masalah keluarga lainnya seperti keuangan atau ekonomi keluarga, masalah pekerjaan rumah tangga, masalah pengasuhan anak, serta masalah interaksi di dalam keluarga. Strategi penyelesaian konflik keluarga dapat dilakukan dengandua metode yakni resolusi konflik penyelesaian sendiri dengan menggunakan beberapa pendekatan yang dapat digunakan seperti pendekatan kolaborasi atau kompromi, mengalahkan lawan atau kompetisi, serta menghindar. Metode resolusi konflik dalam penyelesaian konflik keluarga juga dapat dilakukan dengan intervensi pihak ketiga untuk membantu menyelesaikan konflik yang terjadi
Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Population Based Analysis
Authors: Venkat Siv , Lewicki Patrick J. , Basourakos Spyridon P. , Scherr Douglas S.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

We examined pathologic complete response (pCR) and pathologic downstaging (pDS) rates after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma, as well as their predictors. We further sought to determine their effects on overall survival and examine prognosticators of survival after NAC.

METHODS:

The National Cancer Database was used to identify all patients from 2004 to 2016 with nonmetastatic high grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma who received NAC followed by nephroureterectomy. pCR and pDS rates were examined, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify clinical predictors. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard methods were used to estimate overall survival.

RESULTS:

309 patients met inclusion criteria. 27 patients (8.74%) had pCR, and 92 (29.77%) had pDS. pCR and pDS rates for N+ subgroup were 6.82% and 47.73% respectively, and for N0 subgroup, 9.50% and 22.62%. Female sex (OR 2.94, p = 0.010) was the only predictor of pCR. Node-positive disease (cN1 vs. cN0: OR 6.40, p < 0.001; cN2 vs. cN0: OR 7.46, p < 0.001) was a positive predictor of pDS, and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (OR 0.14, p < 0.001) was a negative predictor of pDS. The median OS for all patients was 45.5 months. pCR and pDS were both associated with improved OS, ( p < 0.001 for both); median was 99.1 months for both. LVI was the strongest negative prognostic factor for OS (HR 2.85, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall pathological complete response and downstaging rates were 8.74% and 29.77% respectively after multi-agent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Node-negative and node-positive disease had equivalent rates of complete response, but node-positive disease had a significantly higher rate of downstaging. The presence of LVI was associated with worse overall survival.