bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching and Researching with a Mental Health Diagnosis: Practices and Perspectives on Academic Ableism
Authors: Green Ann , ___ Alyssa , Dura Lucia , Harris Patrick , Heilig Leah , Kirby Bailey , McClintick Jay , Pfender Emily , Carrasco Rebecca
Published: May 2020

Nine people with mental health diagnoses wrote a dialogue to discuss how we navigate our conditions and ask for accommodations within an academic setting. We cogitate on the challenges of obtaining a diagnosis, how and when we disclose, the affordances and challenges of our symptoms, seeking accommodations, and advocating for ourselves. We consider how current scholarship and other perspectives are changing the conversation about mental health in the academy. We conclude that while the 2008 revisions to the Americans with Disabilities Act have addressed necessary accommodations, that those with mental health conditions are still seeking access.
Through the Agency of Words: Women in the American Insane Asylum, 1842–1890
Authors: Takayoshi Pamela
Published: May 2020

Between 1842 and 1890, 23 women wrote 33 memoirs about their time spent incarcerated in American insane asylums. While a handful of these memoirs have been studied, there has not been a recognition of how many asylum mem­oirs exist and their significance as a collective body of work. Grounded in an inductive analysis of the collective 33 works, this article begins a process of recovering a mostly forgotten moment in time when former patients took agency over their experience, ethos, and rhetoricity to break down the institutional wall of silence and give the public the first patient-centered memoirs. I argue that these women rhetors did this by foregrounding their own identity as patient and by creating a rhetorical position from which their readers would feel the trauma of asylum life. Both rhetorical moves countered institutionalization’s dehumanizing effects by placing the patient experience at the center of understanding the asy­lum experience.
Strategic alliances between Czech SMEs and its effects on firm’s competitiveness
Authors: Tyll Ladislav , Srivastava Mohit , Hromádka Martin
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to study the effects of using strategic alliances by Czech SMEs. It reviews available literature and provides an analytical framework to employ for analysing the propensity of SMEs to engage in strategic alliances and its effectiveness on their competitiveness. We conducted surveys with representatives of SMEs to gather data. Although we found a positive effect of strategic alliances on the SME’s competitiveness for both domestic and international business, the effect was very weak. The increased competitiveness was a result of increased differentiation, cost decrease, popularity increase, market share increases, and profit increase.
Coconut Phospholipid Species: Isolation, Characterization and Application as Drug Delivery System
Authors: Hudiyanti Dwi , Kamila Nur , Kusuma Wardani Febriani , Anam Khairul
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to isolate the ethanolamine species of coconut phospholipid and to investigate their potency as drug delivery system by using it to encapsulate vitamin C. The study consisted of two stages: the first stage was isolation and characterization of coconut phosphatidylethanolamine species; and the second stage was utilization of coconut phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes to encapsulate vitamin C. A dark brown gel of coconut phosphatidylethanolamine species (CocoPEs) was isolated from dried coconut meat (9.3×10−3%, w/w). At least 15 species were found in coconut phosphatidylethanolamine. The fatty acyl chains of the species were capric, linoleic, oleic, stearic and arachidic acyl chains. At least four different phases were identified on CocoPEs i.e. planar-shape gel phase, rippling phase, liquid crystal phase and hexagonal phase. The temperature (Tp) was at 25.29°C for changing from planar-shaped gel to rippling phase, 32.62°C (Tm) for major transition from gel to liquid crystal, and 65.53°C (Th) from liquid crystal to hexagonal phase. All of CocoPEs liposomes encapsulation efficiency with cholesterol concentration up to 30% were above 80%. CocoPEs showed great potency as encapsulation material. It had high encapsulation efficiency and addition of cholesterol to the liposome membrane only slightly reduced the efficiency.
POÉTICA FEMINISTA NA ARTE CONTEMPORÂNEA: UMA ANALISE DE PRODUÇÕES DE MULHERES ARTISTAS NOS ANOS 60, 70, 80 E 90
Authors: Soares Karen Greco , Carvalho Efigênio Pavei
Published: May 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender a produção artística feminista contemporânea a partir do conceito de poética. Partindo de conceitualizações em Aristóteles e Valéry, buscamos analisar quatro artistas: Barbara Kruger, Judy Chicago, Betye Saar e Rosana Paulino. A proposta visa compreender os eixos de intersecção da arte contemporânea feminista com as vivências das autoras e o contexto de suas épocas. Como resultados observamos um denominador comum às obras: sua estreita ligação com os avanços e entraves do movimento feminista de cada década e a possibilidade de utilização do conceito de poética para o entendimento de obras de arte.
DESESTERRO: SILÊNCIOS, CONSTRUTOS E RESISTÊNCIAS NA LITERATURA LATINO-AMERICANA
Authors: Nigro Cláudia Maria Ceneviva , Moreira Soares Luiz Henrique
Published: May 2020

Resumo: Quando construtos sociais, relativos à mulher na sociedade latina americana, são questionados, há momentos de resistências. Nesse artigo discorreremos sobre imagens impeditivas de uma resistência de fato, mas propiciadoras de resistência outra no romance brasileiro Desesterro, de Sheyla Smanioto. A fim de comprovar nossa hipótese, temos como fundamentação a instabilidade descrita em condições inviabilizadoras do viver, revelando protestos em desacordo. Não obstante, a “reunião” de mulheres no texto de Smanioto irrompe possibilidades. Para isso, empregaremos a concepção de assembleia de Judith Butler, proporcionando aos leitores uma visada reivindicativa, concedendo eco ao silêncio imposto às vozes femininas presentes no texto.
CANCIÓN DE TUMBA: O NARRADOR E AS VIOLAÇÕES DO CORPO
Authors: Dias Odon Bastos , De Felippe Renata F.
Published: May 2020

“Canción de tumba” (Cantiga de Findar, na tradução de Léa Viveiros de Castro, para a editora Rocco) é um romance autobiográfico na qual o autor assume as funções de narrador e personagem principal. A novela tem por pano de fundo a agonia final da mãe do autor em um leito hospitalar, sugerida no título. Assemelha-se aos romances de formação, abordando a infância do autor até sua vida adulta, relatando suas experiências traumáticas: a prostituição da mãe, os abusos sexuais na infância cometidos por clientes de sua mãe, as violações de seu corpo, e a violência física que sofreu.
Información en tiempos de pandemia: la importancia del contexto
Authors: Cruz María del Carmen
Published: May 2020

La Real Academia Española define contexto como «Entorno físico o de situación, político, histórico, cultural o de cualquier otra índole en el que se considera un hecho». El contexto en el que nos encontramos las personas influye en como buscamos y recibimos la información. Así lo demuestran estudios de expertos en búsqueda y recuperación de la información.
Cold‐sensitive phenotypes of a yeast null mutant of ARV1 support its role as a GPI flippase
Authors: Okai Haruka , Ikema Ryoko , Nakamura Hiroki , Kato Mei , Araki Misako , Mizuno Ayumi , Ikeda Atsuko , Renbaum Paul , Segel Reeval , Funato Kouichi
Published: May 2020

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and added onto proteins to form GPI‐anchored proteins. Among the many proteins involved in this process, ACAT‐related enzyme‐2 required for viability 1 (Arv1) is a candidate, functioning as a flippase that translocates GPI intermediates from the cytoplasmic side into the luminal side of the ER membranes. Here, we show that the deletion of the ARV1 gene in yeast leads to cold‐sensitive defects in cell growth and GPI anchor synthesis. Furthermore, complementation assays show that the overexpression of a missense human ARV1‐G189R mutant does not completely restore the cold‐sensitive phenotypes of the yeast arv1 mutant. Our results support the proposed role of Arv1 in GPI anchor synthesis and suggest that ARV1‐linked human diseases result from defective GPI anchor synthesis.
Shear force‐deformation relationship of concrete‐filled square steel tube beam‐columns under monotonic lateral loading
Authors: Fukumoto Toshiyuki
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes a simplified multi‐linear model of a shear force‐deformation relationship for concrete‐filled square steel tube short to slender beam‐columns. To evaluate the behavior of short to slender beam‐columns with a single model, the column member is divided into elasto‐plastic part and an elastic part. For the elasto‐plastic part, the deformation at each point is calculated based on the bending moment‐curvature relation model proposed by the author and by employing a newly proposed evaluation formula for curvature magnification. Predictions from the model are found to agree approximately with the experimental results up to large deformations.
Do details bug you? Effects of perceptual richness in learning about biological change
Authors: Menendez David , Rosengren Karl S. , Alibali Martha W.
Published: May 2020

People often have difficulty in understanding processes of biological change, and they typically reject drastic life cycle changes such as metamorphosis, except for animals with which they are familiar. Even after a lesson about metamorphosis, people often do not generalize to animals not seen during the lesson. This might be partially due to the perceptual richness of the diagrams typically used during lessons on metamorphosis, which serves to emphasize the individual animal rather than a class of animals. In two studies, we examined whether the perceptual richness of a diagram influences adults' learning and transfer of knowledge about metamorphosis. One study was conducted in a laboratory setting, and the other was online. In both studies, adults who saw the bland diagram during the lesson accurately transferred more than adults who saw the rich diagram during the lesson.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Virulence: Interplay of Floating Virus‐Laden Particles, Climate, and Humans
Authors: Hosseini Vahid
Published: May 2020

With the emergence of COVID‐19, it is important to address the possible scenarios of SARS‐CoV‐2 virulence. Although several researchers have addressed the possible mechanisms of enveloped virus transfection, for example, influenza, here, the relationship between exhaled virus laden‐particles, the climate, and transfection probability is discussed by interpreting the findings of prior studies. Importantly, the higher probability of viral transfection in cold and dry public spaces such as near cold shelves of groceries is illustrated. Thus, additional protective measures in such spaces are recommended.
In Situ Study of Role of Microstructure on Antiwear Tribofilm Formation on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy under Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Containing Lubricant
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Jain Jayant , Gosvami Nitya Nand
Published: May 2020

Herein, role of microstructure on friction and wear properties of as‐cast and aged AZ91 alloy is investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in lubricated conditions. The lubricant contains commercial antiwear additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), which reduces wear via sliding‐induced antiwear tribofilm. The tribofilm growth is found to be highly sensitive to the local microstructure of the alloy. For the case of as‐cast AZ91 alloy, the tribofilm readily forms on large Mg17Al12 precipitates, whereas α‐Mg matrix shows wear and absence of any tribofilm growth. Interestingly, for the aged alloy, the tribofilm formation on continuous precipitate (CP) and discontinuous precipitate (DP) regions is not observed. The stable sliding contact offered by large precipitates in the as‐cast microstructure is found to be critical for the tribofilm formation. Moreover, the results show a considerable difference in coefficient of friction (COF) for Mg17Al12 in the as‐cast microstructure as compared with that in the aged alloy.
Simple Method to Obtain Large‐Size Single‐Crystalline Oxide Sheets
Authors: Gu Ke , Katayama Tsukasa , Yasui Shintaro , Chikamatsu Akira , Yasuhara Sou , Itoh Mitsuru , Hasegawa Tetsuya
Published: May 2020

Synthetic techniques to prepare large‐size, flexible, and high‐quality single‐crystalline sheets of transition metal oxides are crucial to developing low‐energy consumption devices. One promising way is a lift‐off and transfer technique using a heterostructure of polymer supporting oxide and Sr3Al2O6 (SAO) layers grown on a single‐crystalline substrate. By removing the water‐soluble SAO and the supporting layers, the oxide sheet is obtained. Although some ferroelectric flexible sheets are prepared by this method, a simpler method for obtaining large‐size sheets is required. Herein, a lift‐off and transfer method is proposed without a supporting layer. With this simple method, single‐crystalline SrRuO3 and BaTiO3 flexible sheets with a lateral size of a few millimeters are successfully prepared. The SrRuO3 sheet exhibits high crystallinity and conductivity. Meanwhile, the ferroelectricity of the BaTiO3 sheet is successfully observed via polarization hysteresis loop measurements. In addition to the simplicity, this method has low costs and the substrate is reusable. Accordingly, the proposed method could enhance the development of various kinds of large‐size functional oxide sheets.
Complementary n‐Type and p‐Type Graphene Films for High Power Factor Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Novak Travis G. , Kim Jin , Kim Jungmo , Tiwari Anand P. , Shin Hosun , Song Jae Yong , Jeon Seokwoo
Published: May 2020

Solution‐phase exfoliated graphene has always been an attractive material for flexible thermoelectric applications, but traditional oxidative routes suffer from poor flake quality and a lack of quality doping techniques to make complementary n‐type and p‐type films. Here, it is demonstrated that by changing the adsorbed surfactant during the intercalation‐exfoliation process (polyvinylpyrrolidone for n‐type, pyrenebutyric acid for p‐type), both extremely high electrical conductivity (3010 and 2330 S cm−1) and high Seebeck coefficients (53.1 and −45.5 µV K−1) can be achieved. The result is that both of these films show remarkable power factors, over 600 µW m−1 K−2 at room temperature, which is over an order of magnitude better than that in previous works demonstrating complementary n‐type and p‐type graphene thermoelectric films. Based on these films, a full all‐graphene thermoelectric device is constructed as a proof of concept, where a peak power of 5.0 nW is recorded at a temperature difference of 50 K.
Doping Dependent In‐Plane and Cross‐Plane Thermoelectric Performance of Thin n‐Type Polymer P(NDI2OD‐T2) Films
Authors: Kluge Regina M. , Saxena Nitin , Chen Wei , Körstgens Volker , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Zhong Qi , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: May 2020

Thermoelectric generators pose a promising approach in renewable energies as they can convert waste heat into electricity. In order to build high efficiency devices, suitable thermoelectric materials, both n‐ and p‐type, are needed. Here, the n‐type high‐mobility polymer poly[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene) (P(NDI2OD‐T2)) is focused upon. Via solution doping with 4‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)‐N,N‐diphenylaniline (N‐DPBI), a maximum power factor of (1.84 ± 0.13) µW K−2 m−1 is achieved in an in‐plane geometry for 5 wt% dopant concentration. Additionally, UV–vis spectroscopy and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering are applied to elucidate the mechanisms of the doping process and to explain the discrepancy in thermoelectric performance depending on the charge carriers being either transported in‐plane or cross‐plane. Morphological changes are found such that the crystallites, built‐up by extended polymer chains interacting via lamellar and π–π stacking, re‐arrange from face‐ to edge‐on orientation upon doping. At high doping concentrations, dopant molecules disturb the crystallinity of the polymer, hindering charge transport and leading to a decreased power factor at high dopant concentrations. These observations explain why an intermediate doping concentration of N‐DPBI leads to an optimized thermoelectric performance of P(NDI2OD‐T2) in an in‐plane geometry as compared to the cross‐plane case.
Spectrally Selective and Highly Sensitive UV Photodetection with UV‐A,C Band Specific Polarity Switching in Silver Plasmonic Nanoparticle Enhanced Gallium Oxide Thin‐Film
Authors: Arora Kanika , Singh Dhruv P. , Fischer Peer , Kumar Mukesh
Published: May 2020

Traditional photodetectors generally show a unipolar photocurrent response when illuminated with light of wavelength equal or shorter than the optical bandgap. Here, it is reported that a thin film of gallium oxide (GO) decorated with plasmonic nanoparticles, surprisingly, exhibits a change in the polarity of the photocurrent for different UV bands. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are vacuum‐deposited onto β‐Ga2O3 and the AgNP@GO thin films show a record responsivity of 250 A W−1, which significantly outperforms bare GO planar photodetectors. The photoresponsivity reverses sign from +157 µA W−1 in the UV‐C band under unbiased operation to −353 µA W−1 in the UV‐A band. The current reversal is rationalized by considering the charge dynamics stemming from hot electrons generated when the incident light excites a local surface plasmon resonance in the Ag nanoparticles. The Ag nanoparticles improve the external quantum efficiency and detectivity by nearly one order of magnitude with high values of 1.2 × 105 and 3.4 × 1014 Jones, respectively. This plasmon‐enhanced solar blind GO detector allows UV regions to be spectrally distinguished, which is useful for the development of sensitive dynamic imaging photodetectors.
Emission Direction‐Tunable Liquid Crystal Laser
Authors: Cho SeongYong , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Ozaki Masanori
Published: May 2020

Photonic crystal lasers possessing tailored lasing characteristics have attracted significant attention for various applications such as holography, optical communications, and LiDARs. Liquid‐crystal‐based photonic crystals are actively investigated to realize tunable lasers capable of controlling the emission wavelength, but it is a challenge to realize lasers with the capability to tune the emission direction. Here, a photonic band‐edge laser with tunable output direction is reported based on an engineered cholesteric liquid crystal with a slanted helical structure. In addition to the modulation of the director along the helical axis of the liquid crystal, a fine‐pitch modulation is introduced in the direction perpendicular to the helical axis, so that the photonic band‐edge is shifted away from the helical axis. By doping a dye in the liquid crystal, a microlaser that emits at an angle of ≈30° to the surface normal is realized. Further, control of the emission angle is achieved by modulating the periodicity of the photonic structure by an external stimulus. This work shows that organic microlasers with inexpensive fabrication methods can be engineered to possess advanced functionality such as beam‐scanning.
Higher precipitation storage efficiency in nongrowing season ensures the success of dryland rain‐fed agricultural system
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Kaiping , Qin Rongzhu , Wan Pingxing , Zhang Wenjuan , Eldoma Ibrahim M. , Zhang Feng , Li Fengmin
Published: May 2020

In arid and semi‐arid regions, ridge‐furrow with plastic mulch (RFM) is an innovative approach to promote crop productivity and enhance food security. The long‐term effect of the RFM system on soil water is not known. A 7‐yr maize (Zea mays L.) field experiment was conducted between 2012 and 2018 in the Chinese Loess Plateau to estimate the spatial and temporal variation of soil water. The objectives were to (a) understand how RFM affects soil water status during and between growing seasons; and (b) investigate whether RFM causes the formation of dry soil layers and threaten the sustainability of the agricultural system. In the nongrowing season, the average precipitation storage efficiency (PSE) of the plastic mulching treatment was 78.2%, compared to just 17.7% for no film mulching treatment. Higher PSE means that the RFM system stored more precipitation during the nongrowing season. In addition, 2‐ and 5‐m soil profile water status showed that the film mulching did not overuse deep soil water and would not lead to the formation of dry soil layers. Our research indicated that the RFM was beneficial for increasing crop production and sustainability of agriculture in semi‐arid regions. Higher PSE during the nongrowing season played an important role in the success of RFM system. We recommend that farmers adopted year‐round plastic mulch management method to make fuller use of water resources.
Profitability of soybean production models with diversified crops in the autumn–winter
Authors: Garbelini Luiz Gustavo , Franchini Júlio Cezar , Debiasi Henrique , Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antônio , Betioli Junior Edner , Telles Tiago Santos
Published: May 2020

In Brazil, soybean (Glycine max L.) have been grown in production systems with a low plant species diversification. However, these systems are becoming less efficient and sustainable. This study therefore evaluated the profitability of soybean production systems as a function of the degree of diversification of crops grown in the winter period. We conducted an experiment in Paraná state, Brazil, over 6 yr, under no‐tillage. The crop rotation systems included soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and combinations of tropical forage crops, either planted independently or intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) in the winter. We evaluated the crop yields, gross revenue, total operating cost, gross margin, and profit of each production model. Diversified crop rotation systems increase crop yields and profit compared with the maize–soybean system. The most interesting crop rotations with respect to yield and profit proved to be those that substituted second crop maize for brachiaria ruziziensis (Urochloa ruziziensis) grass as a cover crop every 3 yr or intercropped second crop maize with brachiaria ruziziensis.
Time intervals between the age at menarche and the onset of sexual activity in Polish women born between 1959 and 2001
Authors: Durda‐Masny Magdalena , Szwed Anita , Litwiniuk Zuzanna , Jarząbek‐Bielecka Grażyna , Hanć Tomasz , Czapla Zbigniew , Kaczmarek Maria
Published: May 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess time intervals between the age at menarche (AM) and age at sexual initiation (ASI) in Polish women born before and after the political transformation period in Poland.

Methods

Participants were 518 women born between 1959 and 2001 in Poland. AM and ASI were based on self‐report. Three birth cohorts were distinguished based on the year of birth: I (1959‐1979), II (1980‐1989), III (1990‐2001). Three categories of AM were distinguished: early maturing (<12.0 years), average (12.0‐13.0 years), and late maturing (≥14.0 years). Temporal intervals between AM and ASI were calculated.

Results

Both AM and ASI decreased in subsequent birth cohorts, with the greatest changes observed in the women born after 1989. No significant differences in the time interval between AM and ASI were observed between birth cohorts. However, the time interval between AM and ASI differed by AM category (H = 74.16; P < .001). The longest time period between AM and ASI occurred in early maturing girls (7.13 years) and the shortest in late maturing girls (3.25 years).

Conclusions

Despite the transformation and decline in both AM and ASI, the time interval between these two characteristics remained stable. Significant differences in the time interval were found among women stratified by AM. The time interval between AM and ASI was longer in girls who matured early in comparison to those maturing late or at the average time.
Recessive ACO2 variants as a cause of isolated ophthalmologic phenotypes
Authors: Gibson Shelley , Azamian Mahshid S. , Lalani Seema R. , Yen Kimberly G. , Sutton V. Reid , Scott Daryl A.
Published: May 2020

The mitochondrial aconitase gene (ACO2) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Biallelic variants in ACO2 are purported to cause two distinct disorders: infantile cerebellar‐retinal degeneration (ICRD) which is characterized by CNS abnormalities, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, optic atrophy and retinal degeneration; and optic atrophy 9 (OPA9), characterized by isolated ophthalmologic phenotypes including optic atrophy and low vision. However, some doubt remains as to whether biallelic ACO2 variants can cause isolated ophthalmologic phenotypes. A review of the literature revealed five individuals from three families who carry biallelic ACO2 variants whose phenotypes are consistent with OPA9. Here, we describe a brother and sister with OPA9 who are compound heterozygous for novel missense variants in ACO2; c.[487G>T];[1894G>A], p.[(Val163Leu)];[(Val632Met)]. A review of pathogenic ACO2 variants revealed that those associated with OPA9 are distinct from those associated with ICRD. Missense variants associated with either OPA9 or ICRD do not cluster in distinct ACO2 domains, making it difficult to predict the severity of a variant based on position alone. We conclude that biallelic variants in ACO2 can cause the milder OPA9 phenotype, and that the OPA9‐related ACO2 variants identified to date are distinct from those that cause ICRD.
Pediatric Leigh Syndrome: Neuroimaging Features and Genetic Correlations
Authors: Alves Cesar A. P. F. , Teixeira Sara R. , Martin‐Saavedra Juan S. , Guimarães Gonçalves Fabrício , Lo Russo Francesco , Muraresku Colleen , McCormick Elizabeth M. , Falk Marni J. , Zolkipli‐Cunningham Zarazuela , Ganetzky Rebecca , Vossough Arastoo , Goldstein Amy , Zuccoli Giulio
Published: May 2020

The neurodiagnostic criteria of Leigh syndrome have not yet been clearly redefined based on the expanding of molecular etiologies. We aimed to analyze 20 years of clinical, genetic, and magnetic resonance studies from our Leigh syndrome cohort to provide a detailed description of central nervous system lesions in Leigh syndrome and their biological evolution in view of their genetic and clinical findings. Our study adds new neurodiagnostic insights to the current knowledge of Leigh syndrome, including association with overlapping syndromes, and the correlation of pathogenic genetic variants with neuroimaging phenotypes. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:218–232.
Ultramicropore Engineering by Dehydration to Enable Molecular Sieving of H2 by Calcium Trimesate
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Chen Shoushun , Bezrukov Andrey A. , Mostrom Matthew , Terskikh Victor V. , Franz Douglas , Wang Shi‐Qiang , Kumar Amrit , Chen Mansheng , Space Brian , Huang Yining , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: May 2020

The high energy footprint of commodity gas purification and increasing demand for gases require new approaches to gas separation. Kinetic separation of gas mixtures through molecular sieving can enable separation by molecular size or shape exclusion. Physisorbents must exhibit the right pore diameter to enable separation, but the 0.3–0.4 nm range relevant to small gas molecules is hard to control. Herein, dehydration of the ultramicroporous metal–organic framework Ca‐trimesate, Ca(HBTC)⋅H2O (H3BTC=trimesic acid), bnn‐1‐Ca‐H2O, affords a narrow pore variant, Ca(HBTC), bnn‐1‐Ca. Whereas bnn‐1‐Ca‐H2O (pore diameter 0.34 nm) exhibits ultra‐high CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, and C2H2/C2H4 binary selectivity, bnn‐1‐Ca (pore diameter 0.31 nm) offers ideal selectivity for H2/CO2 and H2/N2 under cryogenic conditions. Ca‐trimesate, the first physisorbent to exhibit H2 sieving under cryogenic conditions, could be a prototype for a general approach to exert precise control over pore diameter in physisorbents.
Zirconium@guanine@MCM‐41 nanoparticles: An efficient heterogeneous mesoporous nanocatalyst for one‐pot, multi‐component tandem Knoevenagel condensation–Michael addition–cyclization Reactions
Authors: Nikoorazm Mohsen , Mohammadi Masoud , Khanmoradi Maryam
Published: May 2020

MCM‐41‐supported nanoscale guanine bonded with Zr (IV) was prepared using sol–gel method and characterized by FT‐IR, Raman, XRD, BET, TGA, EDX, ICP, AAS, X‐Ray mapping, SEM and TEM techniques. This compound was employed as an efficient, chemoselectivity and green heterogeneous catalyst in order to prepare a series of benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3‐c]phenazine and spiro[benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3‐c] phenazine] derivatives by one‐pot, four‐component domino reaction from the 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, benzene‐1,2‐diamines, 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and carbonyl compounds in PEG, at 100 °C and, also, Bis (pyrazolyl) methane derivatives using aldehydes and 3‐Methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone in ethanol under reflux condition. Results indicated that all products were synthesized in short reaction times and high yields in the ranges 78–99%. The Zr‐guanine‐MCM‐41 can be recycled four runs without any significant loss of its catalytic activity. In addition, the stability of the catalyst was confirmed by metal leaching, heterogeneity tests, SEM and FT‐IR techniques.
Synthesis and analysis of ZnO‐CoMoO4 incorporated organic compounds for efficient degradation of azo dye pollutants under dark ambient conditions
Authors: Shaheen Irum , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Thomas Andrew Guy , Compeán‐González Claudia L. , Jones Rosemary , Malik Mohammad Azad
Published: May 2020

In recent years, the degradation of organic dyes under dark conditions, at room temperature and atmosphere pressure, without additional lights or chemical stimulants, has been widely investigated. Here, a nanocomposite of ZnO‐CoMoO4 was synthesized using an organic template and investigated as a catalyst to degrade methyl orange in aqueous environment under dark, ambient conditions. The organic compounds of Abies Pindrow Royle were reacted with a precursor solution following sol–gel synthesis methodology to modify the chemistry and morphology of ZnO‐CoMoO4, so formed. The structure of the nanocomposite was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy while nanostructures were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Organic functional groups were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The organic compound incorporated nanocomposite was revealed to be an excellent catalyst with 95% degradation of methyl orange in aqueous environment under dark ambient conditions within 10 min. The catalyst also revealed 99% degradation of azo dye in the presence of solar light. Furthermore, the catalysts illustrated good stability with pseudo first order kinetics (R2 < 1) in the light as well as in the dark conditions with outstanding reusability till four cycles of experiments. Therefore, nanostructure and organic species of Abies Pindrow Royle were found to enhance the catalytic behavior of ZnO‐CoMoO4 towards methyl orange degradation even in dark conditions.
An efficient method to prepare sulfoxonium ylides and their reactivity studies using copper powder and Sc(III) as catalysts: Molecular and electronic structure analysis
Authors: Ramakrishna Kankanala , Jayarani Arumugam , Koothradan Fathima Febin , Sivasankar Chinnappan
Published: May 2020

Sulfoxonium ylides are the viable alternatives for diazo compounds as carbene precursors. Unlike diazo compounds, these are bench‐stable and crystalline solids. However, the existing methods for the synthesis of sulfoxonium ylides have disadvantages related to the yields, substrate scope, and usage of expensive catalysts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient and competitive protocols for the preparation of sulfoxonium ylides. In this study, we developed an economically affordable protocol for the synthesis of sulfoxonium ylides from diazo compounds using copper powder as a catalyst. This protocol leads to the efficient multigram‐scale synthesis of a wide range of sulfoxonium ylides in good yields. Further, we demonstrated scandium triflate–catalyzed carbene insertion into the N−H bond from sulfoxonium ylide. A variety of anilines and sulfoxonium ylides with various functional groups reacted well and produced the corresponding α‐amino esters in good yields. All the synthesized compounds were characterized using various standard spectroscopic and analytical techniques. We also used computational methods to understand the electronic structure of all the sulfoxonium ylides using geometry optimization, frequency calculation, molecular orbital and natural bond orbital analysis, and energy decomposition analysis. Our computational results revealed that the interaction between carbene and dimethyl sulfoxide is covalent in nature and stable enough to handle in the absence of any catalyst.
Quantifying morphological adaptations using direct measurements: The carnivoran appendicular skeleton as a case study
Authors: Gálvez‐López Eloy
Published: May 2020

Here, I study whether locomotor adaptations can be detected in limb bones using a univariate approach, and whether those results are affected by size and/or shared evolutionary history. Ultimately, it tests whether classical papers on locomotor adaptations should be trusted. To do that, I analyzed the effect of several factors (size, taxonomic group, and locomotor habit) on limb bone morphology using a set of 43 measurements of the scapula, long bones, and calcaneus, of 435 specimens belonging to 143 carnivoran species. Size was the main factor affecting limb morphology. Size‐corrected analyses revealed artifactual differences between various locomotion‐related categories in the analyses of raw data. Additionally, several between‐group differences were new to the size‐corrected analyses, suggesting that they were masked by the size‐effect. Phylogeny had also an important effect, although it only became apparent after removing the effect of size, probably due to the strong covariation of both factors. Regarding locomotor adaptations, locomotor type was used to represent locomotor specialization, and utilized habitat as an indicator of the capacity to adopt different modes of locomotion (running, swimming, climbing, and digging) and thus maximize resource exploitation by being capable of navigating all the substrates in the habitat they use. Locomotor type produced better results than utilized habitat, suggesting that carnivorans use locomotor specialization to minimize locomotion costs. The characteristic limb bone morphology for each locomotor type studied is described, including several adaptations and trends that are novel to the present study. Finally, the results presented here support the hypothesis of a “viverrid‐like”, forest‐dwelling carnivoran ancestor, either arboreal or terrestrial.
Bio‐based adipic acid production: feasibility analysis using a multi‐criteria decision matrix
Authors: Unlu Serpil , Niu Wei , Demirel Yas¸ ar
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to perform a feasibility analysis to make an informed decision about whether two bio‐based processes can replace the current petroleum‐based adipic acid production process. The first of these processes, which is considered in Case 1, is the conversion of biorefinery lignin residue (BLR) to adipic acid. The process involves the base‐catalyzed depolymerization of lignin to give low molecular weight monomers, and the subsequent microbial conversion of these monomers to cis,cis‐muconic acid by genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida followed by the separation and purification of the muconic acid and catalytic upgrading to adipic acid. The second process, which is considered in Case 2, is the catalytic production of adipic acid from glucose. First, glucose is oxidized to produce glucaric acid, and then glucaric acid is converted to adipic acid by hydrodeoxygenation in an acidic environment and in the presence of a metal catalyst. The results of the bio‐based adipic acid production processes were compared with the base case of the current petroleum‐based commercial adipic acid production from cyclohexane. The feasibility analysis was performed with the aid of the multi‐criteria decision matrix consisting of economic and sustainability metrics. The process design and optimization of all the processes for adipic acid production in Aspen Plus was based on the available experimental data. The glucose‐based process appears to be feasible and outperforms the lignin‐based process, as well as the conventional process of adipic acid production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The roles of melatonin on kidney injury in obese and diabetic conditions
Authors: Promsan Sasivimon , Lungkaphin Anusorn
Published: May 2020

Obesity is a common and complex health problem worldwide and can induce the development of Type 2 diabetes. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complication occurring as a result of obesity and diabetic conditions that lead to an increased mortality rate. There are several mechanisms and pathways contributing to kidney injury in obese and diabetic conditions. The expansion of adipocytes triggers proinflammatory cytokines release into blood circulation and bind with the receptors at the cell membranes of renal tissues leading to kidney injury. Obesity‐mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the important causes and progression of CKD. Melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is a neuronal hormone that is synthesized by the pineal gland and plays an essential role in regulating several physiological functions in the human body. Moreover, melatonin has pleiotropic effects such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, antiapoptosis. In this review, the relationship between obesity, diabetic condition, and kidney injury and the renoprotective effect of melatonin in obese and diabetic conditions from in vitro and in vivo studies have been summarized and discussed.
Anastomotic techniques for oesophagectomy for malignancy: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Kamarajah S K , Bundred J R , Singh P , Pasquali S , Griffiths E A
Published: May 2020

Background

Current evidence on the benefits of different anastomotic techniques (hand-sewn (HS), circular stapled (CS), triangulating stapled (TS) or linear stapled/semimechanical (LSSM) techniques) after oesophagectomy is conflicting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence for the techniques for oesophagogastric anastomosis and their impact on perioperative outcomes.

Methods

This was a systematic review and network meta-analysis. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically for randomized and non-randomized studies reporting techniques for the oesophagogastric anastomosis. Network meta-analysis of postoperative anastomotic leaks and strictures was performed.

Results

Of 4192 articles screened, 15 randomized and 22 non-randomized studies comprising 8618 patients were included. LSSM (odds ratio (OR) 0·50, 95 per cent c.i. 0·33 to 0·74; P = 0·001) and CS (OR 0·68, 0·48 to 0·95; P = 0·027) anastomoses were associated with lower anastomotic leak rates than HS anastomoses. LSSM anastomoses were associated with lower stricture rates than HS anastomoses (OR 0·32, 0·19 to 0·54; P < 0·001).

Conclusion

LSSM anastomoses after oesophagectomy are superior with regard to anastomotic leak and stricture rates.
Altered mental status in a 5‐month‐old boy
Authors: Salloum Shafee
Published: May 2020

Intussusception in infants can present early as lethargy or altered mental status alone without apparent gastrointestinal manifestations. Awareness of this condition can result in early diagnosis and prevention of further complications.
Evaluation of Eurocode 2 approaches for thermal conductivity of concrete in case of fire
Authors: Zehfuß Jochen , Robert Fabienne , Spille Jens , Razafinjato Rijaniaina Niry
Published: May 2020

The thermal conductivity of concrete is the property most influencing the temperature distribution within structural elements in case of fire. In this paper, the influence of concrete components (aggregates, moisture, cement) on the heat transfer within the concrete matrix is discussed with focus on the thermal conductivity. The current version of Eurocode 2 fire part (EN 1992‐1‐2) provides simplifications due to applicability of design method. One of these simplifications is the assumption of two limit functions (upper and lower curve) to describe the thermal conductivity for elevated temperatures of ordinary concrete. In each country, the value of thermal conductivity may be set by the National annex within the range defined by lower and upper limit. In this paper the impact of the forementioned simplifications is described and a new approach of a single temperature dependent function to describe the thermal conductivity (“mixed‐curve”) is evaluated in contrast with the upper and lower curve of thermal conductivity. The results of 23 international fire tests with elements of ordinary concrete, performed between 2012 and 2017, are compared to numerical results using the three different approaches for thermal conductivity. The results are evaluated by using functional analysis. Further, the model uncertainties of EN 1992‐1‐2 regarding neglecting reinforcement steel and moisture transport are investigated. The results show that the “mixed‐curve”‐approach of thermal conductivity is capable to describe the temperature distribution within concrete structural elements in case of fire. Moreover the influence of reinforcement steel on the temperature distribution can be neglected as well as the influence of moisture transport especially when evaluating the temperatures at the fire‐opposed surface.
Cyanine‐Like Boronic Acid‐Derived Salicylidenehydrazone Complexes (Cy‐BASHY) for Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Santos Fábio M. F. , Domínguez Zoe , Fernandes João P. L. , Parente Carvalho Cátia , Collado Daniel , Pérez‐Inestrosa Ezequiel , Pinto Maria V. , Fernandes Adelaide , Arteaga Jesús F. , Pischel Uwe , Gois Pedro M. P.
Published: May 2020

Boronic acid‐derived salicylidenehydrazone complex (BASHY) dyes with a polymethine backbone were designed to yield efficient red‐emitting and two‐photon absorbing fluorophores that can be used as markers for astrocytes. The dyes are chemically stable in aqueous solution and do not undergo photodecomposition. Their photophysical properties can be electronically fine‐tuned and thereby adapted to potentially different imaging situations and requirements.
Visible Light‐Gated Organocatalysis Using a RuII‐Photocage
Authors: González‐Delgado José A. , Romero Miguel A. , Boscá Francisco , Arteaga Jesús F. , Pischel Uwe
Published: May 2020

The light‐gated organocatalysis via the release of 4‐N,N‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) by irradiation of the [Ru(bpy)2(DMAP)2]2+ complex with visible light was investigated. As model reaction the acetylation of benzyl alcohols with acetic anhydride was chosen. The pre‐catalyst releases one DMAP molecule on irradiation at wavelengths longer than 455 nm. The photochemical process was characterized by steady‐state irradiation and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The latter enabled the observation of the 3MLCT state and the spectral features of the penta‐coordinated intermediate [Ru(bpy)2(DMAP)]2+. The released DMAP catalyzes the acetylation of a wide range of benzyl alcohols with chemical yields of up to 99 %. Control experiments revealed unequivocally that it is the released DMAP which takes the role of the catalyst.
The role of chlorine position in the electronic circular dichroism of chlorophenyl‐ethanol investigated by vibronic calculations
Authors: Aranda Daniel , Santoro Fabrizio
Published: May 2020

(R)‐1‐phenyl‐ethanol (PhEtOH) and the different isomers of (R)‐1‐(chlorophenyl)ethanol (ClPhEtOH) exhibit very interesting electronic circular dichroism (ECD) in methanol. In all cases, the spectrum shows clear vibronic features, but it is monosignated and negative for PhEtOH and meta‐ClPhEtOH, positive for the ortho isomer and bisignated for the para isomer. We used computational chemistry to rationalise this behaviour adopting CAM‐B3LYP/def2‐TZVP, describing the bulk solvent effects with polarizable continuum models and solute–solvent specific interactions with clusters comprising the solute and two solvent molecules. We adopted harmonic vibronic models to compute the ECD spectral shapes of all stable conformers, and we obtained the room‐temperature spectra by Boltzmann average. Simulated spectra are in very good agreement with experiment and allow us to rationalise their difference in terms of the relevance of Franck–Condon (FC) and Herzberg–Teller (HT) intensity‐borrowing contributions, modulated by the substituent effect. The bisignated shape of the spectrum of para‐ClPhEtOH arises from the competition of opposite‐sign FC and HT bands, promoted by different vibrational modes. Due to the challenges we document in computing its ECD spectrum, para‐ClPhEtOH represents a good test case to help the development of novel methodologies for an improved description of weak vibronic ECD spectra of flexible systems in explicit solvents.
Differences in proteome response to cold acclimation in Zoysia japonica cultivars with different levels of freeze tolerance
Authors: Brown Jessica M. , Yu Xingwang , Holloway H. McCamy P. , DaCosta Michelle , Bernstein Rachael P. , Lu Jefferson , Tuong Tan D. , Patton Aaron J. , Dunne Jeffrey C. , Arellano Consuelo , Livingston David P. , Milla‐Lewis Susana R.
Published: May 2020

Zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) are warm‐season turfgrasses primarily grown in the southern and transition zones of the United States. An understanding of the physiological and proteomic changes that zoysiagrasses undergo during cold acclimation may shed light on phenotypic traits and proteins useful in selection of freeze‐tolerant genotypes. We investigated the relationship between cold acclimation, protein expression, and freeze tolerance in cold acclimated (CA) and nonacclimated (NA) plants of Zoysia japonica Steud. cultivars Meyer (freeze‐tolerant) and Victoria (freeze‐susceptible). Meristematic tissues from the grass crowns were harvested for proteomic analysis. Freeze testing indicated that cold acclimation accounted for a 1.9‐fold increase in plant survival than nonacclimation treatment. Overall, proteomic analysis identified 62 protein spots differentially accumulated in abundance under cold acclimation. Nine and 22 unique protein spots were identified for Meyer and Victoria, respectively, with increased abundance or decreased abundance. In addition, 23 shared protein spots were found among the two cultivars in response to cold acclimation. Function classification revealed that these proteins were involved primarily in transcription, signal transduction and stress defense, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and protein and amino acid metabolism. Several proteins of interest for their association with cold acclimation were identified. Further investigation of these proteins and their functional categories may contribute to increase our understanding of the differences in freezing tolerance among zoysiagrass germplasm.