bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macrobenthic communities in the polymetallic nodule field, Indian Ocean, based on multicore and box core analysis
Authors: Gaikwad Santosh , Sautya Sabyasachi , Damare Samir , Mascarenhas-Pereira Maria Brenda Luzia , Gawas Vijayshree , Patil Jayesh , Nanajkar Mandar , Bukhari Sadiq
Published: September 2024

Managing deep-sea mining is challenging due to limited data on species and habitat distribution, hindering decision-making. In less-explored polymetallic nodule sites in the Indian Ocean, management approaches are deemed unfeasible due to a substantial lack of data. In this study, we aim to bridge the knowledge gap through a detailed analysis of the macrobenthos (fauna > 300 µm) obtained with two sampling gears (multi- and box corer) in potential impact, preservation, and reference zones in the Central Indian Ocean Basin. In total, 337 individuals were categorized into 106 morphospecies and 18 higher taxa. The lowest abundance was reported in the box corer. Nematodes and copepods dominated the macrobenthos community, whereas polychaetes and tanaidaceans were the more prevalent macrofaunal taxa. Carbohydrates and total organic carbon showed a notable positive correlation with polychaetes, isopods, and bivalves, indicating their influence on larger-sized taxa. Various functional traits, i.e., less motile, discretely motile, biodiffusors, and upward/downward conveyers, were dominant in the study area. The comparative analysis of multi- and box corer sampling reveals distinct patterns in macrobenthic diversity, emphasizing the importance of employing both gears for accurate functional analysis. The paper underscores the significance of including large meiofaunal taxa in macrofauna analyses for assessing deep-sea ecosystem functioning and services. Additionally, the findings contribute significantly to environmental baseline and impact assessment, a crucial aspect of sustainable management in a highly promising polymetallic nodule mining area, aligning with the goals of exploring.
The pattern evolution and spatial heterogeneity of green development level of China’s marine economy
Authors: Huang Chong , Zhao Yaning , Yin Kedong , Zhang Hongshuo
Published: September 2024

With the promotion of marine power strategies and marine ecological civilization construction, marine green development has become an important issue. This study utilizes the mixed distance function Epsilon-based measure and the global Malmquist–Luenberger index model, which accommodates both radial and non-radial models, to evaluate the marine green total factor productivity (GTFP) across 11 coastal regions of China. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the marine GTFP showed a gradual increase in China’s coastal regions during the study period, with notable differences observed among the three primary marine economic circles. Second, technological advancement was the primary driver of the transformation of marine GTFP. Third, the distribution across the space pattern of marine GTFP tended to be concentrated continuously, which shows that the overall spatial distribution pattern of marine GTFP remained relatively stable. Fourth, there is no obvious σ convergence in a northern, eastern marine economic circle. Both absolute and conditional β convergence exists, indicating that the marine GTFP converged to their respective steady-state levels during the study period. This study can provide decision-making reference for accelerating the green growth and sustainable development of China’s marine economy.
Research on the influencing factors of anti-skid performance evaluation of asphalt pavement based on lateral force testing system
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Chang Rong , Xu Zhixiang , Wang Jie , Tan Zhibing
Published: September 2024

This article conducts experimental research on the influencing factors of the anti-skid performance testing system SCRIM for asphalt pavement. Studied the distribution pattern of anti-skid performance test results of the testing system under different testing speeds, test tires, temperature, water film thickness, test wheel position, tire wear degree, and other factors. Revealed the influence law of various influencing factors on the anti-skid performance of asphalt pavement. The test results indicate that the SFC test value decreases with the increase of vehicle speed. The test results of tires made of different materials vary greatly, and tires with wear exceeding 3 mm cannot be used for testing. The influence of water film thickness on the measured values varies depending on the SFC level. The SFC measurement value of the normal trajectory of the vehicle’s driving wheel track is the smallest, and the measurement value of the left trajectory is greater than that of the right trajectory. The SFC measurement decreases as the tire wear increases.
Assessment of the humoral immune status of varicella-zoster virus in patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases
Authors: Sun Xiang , Zang Yin-shan , Xu Yan , Wang Wen
Published: September 2024

Background

Diffuse connective tissue diseases (DCTDs) require long-term immunosuppressive treatment, increasing the risk of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. This study aims to evaluate the humoral immune status against VZV in DCTD patients and explore factors that may influence their immune levels.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study that collected data from adult DCTD patients (≥18 years) attending our outpatient clinic. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of VZV-specific IgG antibodies in the patients’ sera was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

A total of 280 RA patients, 272 SLE + MCTD patients and 280 healthy controls were included. SLE + MCTD patients had significantly higher VZV IgG antibody levels than RA patients (p < 0.05) but showed no significant difference compared to healthy controls (p > 0.05). Notable differences were observed particularly among female patients and those aged 30–49 years, (p < 0.05). SLE + MCTD patients in an active disease state had significantly higher VZV IgG antibody titers than RA patients (p < 0.05). Additionally, patients with a history of herpes zoster, regardless of being in the SLE + MCTD, RA, or control group, exhibited higher VZV IgG titers (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Although DCTD patients, particularly those with SLE and MCTD, exhibit higher VZV IgG antibody levels, they still face a higher risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ), which may be related to their underlying disease and immunosuppressive treatment. The presence of antibodies alone may not provide complete protection, necessitating consideration of cellular immune mechanisms. It is recommended to enhance monitoring of VZV antibody levels in high-risk patients and consider herpes zoster vaccination to reduce HZ-related complications.
Outer membrane vesicles secreted from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolate disseminating the floR resistance gene to Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Xu Minsheng , Ke Haiyi , Zang Yingan , Gou Hongchao , Yang Dongxia , Shi Keda , Zhang Kunli , Li Yan , Jiang Zhiyong , Chu Pinpin , Zhai Shaolun , Li Chunling
Published: September 2024

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a significant respiratory pig pathogen, is causing substantial losses in the global swine industry. The resistance spectrum of A. pleuropneumoniae is expanding, and multidrug resistance is a severe issue. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a crucial role in the development of the bacterial genome by facilitating the dissemination of resistance determinants. However, the horizontal transfer of resistance genes via A. pleuropneumoniae-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) has not been previously reported. In this study, we used Illumina NovaSeq and PacBio SequeI sequencing platforms to determine the whole genome sequence of A. pleuropneumoniae GD2107, a multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate from China. We detected a plasmid in the isolate named pGD2107-1; the plasmid was 5,027 bp in size with 7 putative open reading frames (ORF) and included the floR resistance genes. The carriage of resistance genes in A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs was identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and then we thoroughly evaluated the influence of OMVs on the horizontal transfer of drug-resistant plasmids. The transfer of the plasmid to recipient bacteria via OMVs was confirmed by PCR. In growth competition experiments, all recipients carrying the pGD2107-1 plasmid exhibited a fitness cost compared to the corresponding original recipients. This study revealed that OMVs could mediate interspecific horizontal transfer of the resistance plasmid pGD2107-1 into Escherichia coli recipient strains and significantly enhance the resistance of the transformants. In summary, A. pleuropneumoniae-OMVs play the pivotal role of vectors for dissemination of the floR gene spread and may contribute to more antimicrobial resistance gene transfer in other Enterobacteriaceae.
Drug–drug interactions in the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections
Authors: Takeda Kazuaki , Takazono Takahiro , Mukae Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a refractory chronic respiratory infectious disease and its prevalence is increasing globally. The standard treatment regimen for NTM-PD involves long-term multidrug therapy including macrolides. The incidence of adverse events is high given the advanced age of many NTM-PD patients. In addition, drug–drug interactions under coexisting conditions add additional complexity. Despite guidelines advocating multidrug therapy for NTM-PD, low adherence rates probably owing to the relatively frequent adverse events and drug interactions. An appropriate treatment regimen can improve the bacteriological response rates, reduce the development of macrolide resistance, and mitigate adverse events. Of particular concern are the interactions arising from new complications that develop with NTM-PD. Notably, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis occasionally co-infects NTM-PD, which can lead to poor prognosis. The primary therapeutic modality for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is the azoles. However, the interaction with rifamycin is problematic, making it challenging to continue standard treatment for NTM-PD and requiring drug adjustments. The implications of rifamycin extend beyond chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, impacting various other diseases such as those requiring immunosuppressive agents and AIDS patients requiring antiretroviral therapy. Hence, a comprehensive consideration of drug interactions is imperative for the initiation of NTM-PD treatment. This mini-review focuses on drug–drug interactions in a multidrug regimen for NTM-PD and discusses the essential points to be considered in the treatment of NTM.
Transcranial focused ultrasound precise neuromodulation: a review of focal size regulation, treatment efficiency and mechanisms
Authors: Jin Jie , Pei Guangying , Ji Zhenxiang , Liu Xinze , Yan Tianyi , Li Wei , Suo Dingjie
Published: September 2024

Ultrasound is a mechanical wave that can non-invasively penetrate the skull to deep brain regions to activate neurons. Transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation is a promising approach, with the advantages of noninvasiveness, high-resolution, and deep penetration, which developed rapidly over the past years. However, conventional transcranial ultrasound’s spatial resolution is low-precision which hinders its use in precision neuromodulation. Here we focus on methods that could increase the spatial resolution, gain modulation efficiency at the focal spot, and potential mechanisms of ultrasound neuromodulation. In this paper, we summarize strategies to enhance the precision of ultrasound stimulation, which could potentially improve the ultrasound neuromodulation technic.
Efficacy and safety of vonoprazan versus proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis for randomized controlled trails
Authors: Tian Lidi , Xiang Dan , Yue Feili , Li Runjie , Zhou Youping
Published: September 2024

Background and aims

Vonoprazan, a novel acid suppressant, has been employed in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease in recent years. However, the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan versus proton-pump inhibitors remains controversial. To address this gap, a systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan in comparison with various proton-pump inhibitors.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials that met selection criteria in PubMed (Medline), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched up to July 15, 2024. The primary outcome was ulcer healing rate. Secondary outcomes were treatment-emergent adverse events and drug-related adverse events. Effect size on outcomes is presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Thirty-five randomized controlled trials containing 9,544 participants were included. In terms of the healing rate at 2 weeks, lansoprazole 30 mg ranked first, followed by vonoprazan 20 mg and ilaprazole 10 mg. In terms of the healing rate at 4 weeks, pantoprazole 40 mg ranked first, with rabeprazole 10 mg and lansoprazole 30 mg ranking second and third, respectively. Regarding the healing rate at 8 weeks, lansoprazole 30 mg is demonstrated to be the most efficacious regimen. Moreover, subgroup analysis indicated that lansoprazole 30 mg is the optimal regimen in the treatment of artificial gastric ulcer at 4 and 8 weeks. Importantly, lansoprazole 30 mg has fewer adverse reactions and higher safety.

Conclusion

The optimal regimen for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease may be lansoprazole 30 mg at 2 and 8 weeks, while pantoprazole 40 mg has demonstrated superior performance at the 4-week when compared to vonoprazan 20 mg. Furthermore, lansoprazole 30 mg has shown to be superior in terms of safety outcomes. These findings, derived from a network meta-analysis, necessitate further research for validation.
Mechanisms of resistance to KRASG12C inhibitors in KRASG12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chour Ali , Toffart Anne-Claire , Berton Elodie , Duruisseaux Michael
Published: September 2024

The KRAS protein, a product of the KRAS gene (V-ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog), functions as a small GTPase that alternates between an active GTP-bound state (KRAS(ON)) and an inactive GDP-bound state (KRAS(OFF)). The KRASG12C mutation results in the accumulation of KRASG12C(OFF), promoting cell cycle survival and proliferation primarily through the canonical MAPK and PI3K pathways. The KRASG12C mutation is found in 13% of lung adenocarcinomas. Previously considered undruggable, sotorasib and adagrasib are the first available OFF-state KRASG12C inhibitors, but treatment resistance is frequent. In this review, after briefly summarizing the KRAS pathway and the mechanism of action of OFF-state KRASG12C inhibitors, we discuss primary and acquired resistance mechanisms. Acquired resistance is the most frequent, with "on-target" mechanisms such as a new KRAS mutation preventing inhibitor binding; and "off-target" mechanisms leading to bypass of KRAS through gain-of-function mutations in other oncogenes such as NRAS, BRAF, and RET; or loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as PTEN. Other "off-target" mechanisms described include epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and histological transformation. Multiple co-existing mechanisms can be found in patients, but few cases have been published. We highlight the lack of data on non-genomic resistance and the need for comprehensive clinical studies exploring histological, genomic, and non-genomic changes at resistance. This knowledge could help foster new treatment initiatives in this challenging context.
Association between immune-related adverse events and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer treated with nivolumab: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Ya-Jun , Tian Qian-Yu , Wang Cai-E.
Published: September 2024

Background

Nivolumab is an effective treatment option for advanced gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of existing literature to investigate the relationship between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and the prognosis of patients with GC treated with nivolumab.

Methods

We comprehensively searched four online literature databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, until 27 March 2024. The outcome measures of interest included: overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), hazard ratio (HR), median survival ratio (MSR), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR).

Results

A total of six studies, including 393 patients, met the eligibility criteria. The OS (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3–0.6, p < 0.05) and PFS (pooled HR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4–0.6, p < 0.05) of patients with irAEs were significantly superior to individuals without irAEs. The MSR for OS and PFS were 2.5 (95% CI: 1.5-4.1, p < 0.05) and 2.8 (95% CI: 1.9–4.1, p < 0.05), respectively. Regarding the ORR and DCR, we found that the development of irAEs was significantly associated with higher rates: patients with irAEs had an ORR of 24.7% compared to 6.4% in those without irAEs (risk ratio [RR] = 2.6, p < 0.05), and a DCR of 86.0% compared to 30.3% in those without irAEs (RR = 3.2, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

There appears to be a significant correlation between the development of irAEs and the better survival benefits with nivolumab in patients with GC.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022341396.
Case report: pathological complete response after S-1/oxaliplatin regimen combined with trastuzumab and tislelizumab in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Zhu Chenglou , Da Mingxu , Li Yaoqi , Peng Lingzhi
Published: September 2024

Background

The efficacy of a regimen combining Tegafur, Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium Capsules (S-1), oxaliplatin (SOX) with trastuzumab and tislelizumab chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer (GC) has not been reported.

Case summary

A 56-year-old male was diagnosed with GC combined with peripheral lymph node metastasis. The patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including SOX, tislelizumab and trastuzumab. After 4 cycles of chemotherapy, the tumor shrank significantly, and radical surgery was performed with good clinical results. To date, the patient has been followed up for 6 months with no significant side effects.

Conclusion

In this study, the patient received combination chemotherapy with SOX trastuzumab and tislelizumab and successfully underwent radical surgery with good clinical outcomes. Combined SOX with trastuzumab and tislelizumab may be an effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen.
Preparations for pB11 tests in the FF-2B dense plasma focus
Authors: Lerner Eric J. , Hassan Syed M.
Published: September 2024

The dense plasma focus (DPF) device has great potential as a fusion energy generator using hydrogen-boron (pB11) fuel1. Experiments using deuterium have already demonstrated mean ion energies >200 keV, in the range needed for burning pB112. To test that potential, we are preparing for experiments with hydrogen-boron fuel in the megampere DPF device, FF-2B. We plan to use isotopically-pure decaborane (B10H14) as the fuel source and have installed equipment for the safe handling and disposal of the toxic vapors from this material. High isotopic purity of the boron-11 is required to avoid generation of radioactive Be-7. While the main pB11 fusion reaction produces no neutrons, two side reactions do produce both neutrons and radioactive C-11. We show how these reaction products can be used with suitable detectors to provide accurate data on fusion yield, and the density and ion energy of the confined fusion-producing plasma.
Preliminary establishment of genetic transformation system for embryogenic callus of Acer truncatum ‘Lihong’
Authors: Yang Yipeng , Chan Yuan , Wang Yongge , Guo Hao , Song Lina , Zhang Huali , Sun Liping , Cong Richen , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Acer truncatum Bunge, belonging to the Acer genus in the Aceraceae family, is a commonly planted afforestation species across China, Japan, Korea, Europe, and North America. Renowned for its vibrant fall colors, it holds significant ecological and ornamental value.

Methods

In this study, Acer truncatum ' Lihong ' was used as the research object. Starting from the callus induction of explants, the embryogenic callus of Acer truncatum 'Lihong' was obtained by systematically optimizing the medium and culture conditions. Then, the candidate gene AtrGST894 screened by transcriptome sequencing was transformed into embryogenic callus by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The genetic transformation system of Acer truncatum 'Lihong' embryogenic callus was initially established by continuously adjusting the conditions of Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection receptor materials, thus laying a material foundation for the study of the molecular regulation mechanism of Acer truncatum 'Lihong' leaf color, and also preparing for the later molecular improvement breeding of Acer truncatum. Therefore, this study has important theoretical and practical significance.

Results

The results showed that the best medium for callus induction of Acer truncatum was 1/2MS+2 mg/L 2,4-D+0.3 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA; The embryogenic callus induction medium of Acer truncatum was 1/2MS+3.0mg/L 6-BA+2.0mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L IBA+0.1mg/L GA3; The proliferation medium of embryogenic callus of Acer truncatum was WPM+1.0mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L IBA+0.1mg/L GA3+3mg/L 6-BA+1.0mg/L KT; The infection experiment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens on the embryogenic callus of Acer truncatum showed that the best antibacterial medium was WPM+30g/L sucrose+8g/L agar+0.5g/L acid-hydrolyzed casein+0.2mg/L KT+1.0 mg/L TDZ+0.5 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L GA3+200mmol/L carboxybenzyl+200mg/L cephalosporin, and then WPM+30g/L sucrose+8g/L agar+0.5g/L acid-hydrolyzed casein+0.2mg/L KT+1.0 mg/L TDZ+0.5 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L GA3+300mmol/L carboxybenzyl+200mg/L cephalosporin+25mg/L hygromycin. Screening medium screening, The obtained embryogenic callus browning rate, pollution rate and mortality rate were the lowest, and maintained vigorous growth.

Discussion

The embryogenic callus was used as the infection material to verify that we successfully transferred the target gene into the embryogenic callus, which means that the genetic transformation system of Acer truncatum embryogenic callus was partially completed, and the infection process could be effectively inhibited. Although there was partial browning, it could continue to proliferate. Therefore, in future experiments, the focus is still to continue to verify the optimal conditions for optimizing the genetic transformation of Acer truncatum embryogenic callus and to solve the problems of difficulty in embryonic callus germination.
Methane-derived microbial biostimulant reduces greenhouse gas emissions and improves rice yield
Authors: Kumar Sarma Rajeev , David Einstein Mariya , Pavithra Gangigere Jagadish , Kumar Gopalakrishnan Sajith , Lesharadevi Kuppan , Akshaya Selvaraj , Basavaraddi Chavadi , Navyashree Gopal , Arpitha Panakanahalli Shivaramu , Sreedevi Padmanabhan , Zainuddin Khan , Firdous Saiyyeda , Babu Bondalakunta Ravindra , Prashanth Muralidhar Udagatti , Ravikumar Ganesan , Basavaraj Palabhanvi , Chavana Sandeep Kumar , Kumar Vinod Munisanjeeviah Lakshmi Devi , Parthasarathi Theivasigamani , Subbian Ezhilkani
Published: September 2024

Introduction

More than half of the world’s population consumes rice as their primary food. The majority of rice production is concentrated in Asia, with the top 10 rice-growing countries accounting for 84% of the world’s total rice cultivation. However, rice production is also strongly linked to environmental changes. Among all the global sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, paddy cultivation stands out as a significant contributor to global methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. This contribution is expected to increase further with the projected increase of 28% in global rice output by 2050. Hence, modifications to rice management practices are necessary both to increase yield and mitigate GHG emissions.

Methods

We investigated the effect of seedling treatment, soil application, and foliar application of a methane-derived microbial biostimulant on grain yield and GHG emissions from rice fields over three seasons under 100% fertilizer conditions. Further, microbial biostimulant was also tested under 75% nitrogen (N) levels to demonstrate its effect on grain yield. To understand the mechanism of action of microbial biostimulant on crop physiology and yield, a series of physiological, transcript, and metabolite analyses were also performed.

Results

Our three-season open-field studies demonstrated a significant enhancement of grain yield, up to 39%, with a simultaneous reduction in CH4 (31%–60%) and N2O (34%–50%) emissions with the use of methane-derived microbial biostimulant. Under 75% N levels, a 34% increase in grain yield was observed with microbial biostimulant application. Based on the physiological, transcript, and metabolite analyses data, we were further able to outline the potential mechanisms for the diverse synergistic effects of methane-derived microbial biostimulant on paddy, including indole-3-acetic acid production, modulation of photosynthesis, tillering, and panicle development, ultimately translating to superior yield.

Conclusion

The reduction in GHG emission and enhanced yield observed under both recommended and reduced N conditions demonstrated that the methane-derived biostimulant can play a unique and necessary role in the paddy ecosystem. The consistent improvements seen across different field trials established that the methane-derived microbial biostimulant could be a scalable solution to intensify rice productivity with a lower GHG footprint, thus creating a win–win–win solution for farmers, customers, and the environment.
Low self-control, perceived social support and internet gaming addiction: findings from an ethnicity minority region in China
Authors: Meng Cui , Quancai Li , Kunjie Cui , Yanyu Xin , Wencai Lama , Yiwei Xia
Published: September 2024

Background

Adolescent Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is an pincreasing global concern. Drawing on self-control theory, social support theory, and problem behavior theory, this study aimed to examine the relationships between low self-control, perceived social support, and IGA among Chinese Yi and Non-Yi adolescents, with a focus on the moderating role of perceived social support and ethnic differences.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,997 adolescents (53.78% female, mean age 14.70 years) in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Participants completed questionnaires assessing IGA (Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form), low self-control (Low Self-Control Scale), and perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, OLS regression, and the seemingly unrelated estimator (SUE).

Results

Low self-control was positively associated with IGA (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), while perceived social support was negatively associated with IGA (β = -0.27, p < 0.001). Perceived social support, particularly from family (β = -0.43, p < 0.05) and significant others (β = -0.49, p < 0.01), moderated the relationship between low self-control and IGA. These associations were more salient among Yi adolescents compared to non-Yi adolescents.

Conclusions

This study highlights the protective role of perceived social support, especially from family and significant others, in buffering the risk of low self-control on IGA. The findings extend self-control theory and social support theory, and provide empirical support for problem behavior theory in a cross-cultural context. The results underscore the importance of considering cultural contexts in understanding IGA and developing targeted interventions for ethnic minority adolescents.
Transparency and precision in the age of AI: evaluation of explainability-enhanced recommendation systems
Authors: Govea Jaime , Gutierrez Rommel , Villegas-Ch William
Published: September 2024

In today’s information age, recommender systems have become an essential tool to filter and personalize the massive data flow to users. However, these systems’ increasing complexity and opaque nature have raised concerns about transparency and user trust. Lack of explainability in recommendations can lead to ill-informed decisions and decreased confidence in these advanced systems. Our study addresses this problem by integrating explainability techniques into recommendation systems to improve both the precision of the recommendations and their transparency. We implemented and evaluated recommendation models on the MovieLens and Amazon datasets, applying explainability methods like LIME and SHAP to disentangle the model decisions. The results indicated significant improvements in the precision of the recommendations, with a notable increase in the user’s ability to understand and trust the suggestions provided by the system. For example, we saw a 3% increase in recommendation precision when incorporating these explainability techniques, demonstrating their added value in performance and improving the user experience.
Unusual oral manifestation of Kindler syndrome: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Bhandary Rahul , Venugopalan Geethu , Hegde Padmaraj
Published: September 2024

Kindler syndrome (KS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by congenital acral blistering, that typically presents in infancy and is followed by the development of characteristic poikilodermatous pigmentation and photosensitivity in later life. These clinical manifestations arise from mutations in the FERMT-1 (Fermitin family homologue 1) that encodes kindlin-1, a protein localized to focal adhesions in keratinocytes. Kindlin-1 plays a crucial role in integrin receptor activation, which is essential for cell adhesion and migration. Most KS cases exhibit reduced or absent kindlin-1 expression, leading to defective integrin activation and impaired cell adhesion and migration processes. This impaired cell adhesion ultimately results in the blistering phenotype observed in KS. Oral manifestations of KS are frequently under-reported and misdiagnosed, potentially leading to delayed or incorrect treatment. Furthermore, diabetes mellitus (DM) can further exacerbate the severity of KS due to impaired epidermal barrier function and compromised periodontal health. This co-morbidity creates a synergistic effect. Periodontal infection, often exacerbated by DM through a caspase-3-dependent mechanism, can cause apoptosis of epithelial cells and fibroblasts. This enhanced apoptosis and loss of epithelial barrier function due to DM further hinder tissue repair processes. Consequently, both cutaneous and oral complications associated with KS become more severe in diabetic patients. We report a unique case of a diabetic adolescent with KS presenting with a massive oral pyogenic granuloma and extensive periodontal destruction with a comprehensive review of the literature exploring the current understanding of oral manifestations in KS, emphasizing their under-diagnosis and potential for exacerbation by DM. This case emphasizes the need for increased awareness of oral manifestations in KS, especially in diabetic patients. Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for optimal management of cutaneous and oral complications associated with KS.
Using Nanomaterials to Make Better Batteries
Authors: Worku Yared S. , Sikeyi Ludwe L. , Olalerua S. A. , Palaniyandy Nithyadharseni , Mathe Mkhulu M. , Srinivasu Vijaya V.
Published: September 2024

Batteries are everywhere in our lives—from our phones and watches to cars and military equipment. Lithium ion batteries (LiBs) are a rechargeable kind of battery often used in common electronic devices. Researchers are working hard to improve batteries, so they can be used for longer without recharging and so they can store more energy—perhaps even energy from wind or solar sources that we can use to power our homes and businesses. Recent research has shown that LiBs can be improved by using extremely tiny materials with special properties, called nanomaterials. When they are used in LiBs, nanomaterials can increase the amount of energy that can be stored and decrease the amount of time it takes to recharge. Nanomaterials can also extend the life of LiBs. In this article, we will explain how LiBs work and how nanomaterials might be used to improve their performance.
Protamine cleavage specificity of the avian pathogen Escherichia coli OmpT reveals two substrate-binding sites related to virulence
Authors: Liu Juanhua , Jiang Luyao , Wang Hang , Wu Jiayan , Gao Qingqing , Huan Changchao , Gao Song
Published: September 2024

The pathogenic nature of bacteria can be increased by cleaving antimicrobial peptides using omptins, to avoid or counter the host’s natural immune defenses. Plasmid-encoded OmpT (pOmpT or ArlC) in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), like the chromosome-encoded OmpT (cOmpT), belongs to the omptin family and both exhibit highly similar sequences and structures. Through sequence alignment and physiological examinations, pOmpT has been identified as a virulence factor, distinct from cOmpT in terms of substrate specificity. When pOmpT is compared with cOmpT regarding their proteolytic activities and target substrates, Asp267 and Ser276 on loop 5 of cOmpT are found to be binding sites that facilitate substrate anchoring and enhance substrate cleavage (protamine or synthetic peptide) by the catalytic center. Conversely, the characteristics of residues at positions 267 and 276 on loop 5 of pOmpT inhibit protamine cleavage, yet allow the specific cleavage of the human antimicrobial peptide RNase 7, which plays a role in host defense. This finding suggests a relationship between these two binding sites and substrate specificity. Furthermore, the substrate-binding sites (residues 267 and 276, particularly residue 267) of cOmpT and pOmpT are determined to be critical in the virulence of APEC. In summary, residues 267 and 276 of pOmpT are crucial for the pathogenicity of APEC and offer new insights into the determinants of APEC virulence and the development of antimicrobial drugs.
“Veterinary medicine is not finished when I have diagnosed an incurable disease, that’s when it starts for me.” A qualitative interview study with small animal veterinarians on hospice and palliative care
Authors: Springer Svenja , Axiak Flammer Shannon , Dürnberger Christian
Published: September 2024

In the wake of recent medical developments in small animal practice, curing animals of their illnesses and restoring their health can be realized better than ever before. However, the growing medical possibilities are also leading to an increase in demand for better care for patients suffering from terminal illnesses. Consequently, the field of animal hospice and palliative care has become increasingly available, enabling veterinarians to optimize the quality of life of patients, such as dogs and cats, who no longer have a prospect of full recovery. Using qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 20 small animal veterinarians involved in hospice and palliative care, we investigated the factors that motivate veterinarians to become involved in hospice and palliative care and explored the importance of relationships, communication, time and infrastructure in this area. Findings show that personal experiences with their own pets or during training or work life motivated veterinarians to provide this service. Although veterinarians highlighted the importance of empathetic-driven relationships, they were aware that keeping an emotional distance from the patient and caregiver is significant to provide successful care. Further, veterinarians emphasized their high investment of time that resulted primarily from the increased frequency and provided opportunities to communicate with caregivers. The overall conclusion is that having time for patients and the patients’ caregivers is one of the most important aspects of work in this field. However, as it will be also shown, veterinarians must consider aspects of self-care management by reflecting on their own time and energy resources while caring for animals and their caregivers.
Effect of ginseng stem leaf extract on the production performance, meat quality, antioxidant status, immune function, and lipid metabolism of broilers
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Haoyue , Ma Chuanjie , Lv Qiufeng , Yu Haiyang , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The present study explores the effect of ginseng stem leaf (GSL) extract on the production performance, meat quality, antioxidant status, immune function, and lipid metabolism of white feathered broilers.

Methods

There were 6 replicates in each group, with 10 broilers in each replicate. In the 42 day trial, 300 AA broilers were randomly divided into five groups: control group (CON), 1.25% GSL extract group (GSL-L), 2.5% GSL group (GSL-M), 5% GSL group (GSL-H), and 45 mg/kg chlortetracycline group (CTC).

Results

The results showed that different doses of GSL extract could improve the body weight, feed to gain ratio (F/G), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and meat quality of broilers. Compared with the control group, the addition of different doses of GSL improved the antioxidant and immune abilities of broilers to varying degrees, and the effect of GSL extract was significant in the GSL-H group (p < 0.05). In addition, medium and high doses of GSL extract significantly reduced the blood triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents of broilers (p < 0.05).

Discussion

Adding GSL extract to the feed has a positive impact on the body weight, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and blood lipids of broilers.
Correction: Reshadi et al. Deep-Shallow Metaclassifier with Synthetic Minority Oversampling for Anomaly Detection in a Time Series. Algorithms 2024, 17, 114
Authors: Reshadi MohammadHossein , Li Wen , Xu Wenjie , Omashor Precious , Dinh Albert , Xiao Jun , Dick Scott , She Yuntong , Lipsett Michael
Published: September 2024

The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [...]
Effect of the Nitrification Inhibitor DMPP on Blueberry Planted in Neutral Soil
Authors: Yang Yiru , Zeng Qilong , Yu Hong , Wei Jiguang , Jiang Jiafeng , Tian Liangliang
Published: September 2024

In order to increase nutrient input and alleviate the poor growth of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in neutral soil with strong nitrification, the application of nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer is a strategy to reduce nitrogen (N) loss and improve N supply. However, few studies have systematically investigated the effect of DMPP application on blueberry and its soil condition in detail so far. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of DMPP at four gradient levels including 0.5% (w/w applied-N) DMPP (DL), 1% DMPP (DM), 2% DMPP (DH), and no DMPP (CK) on the dynamics of soil mineral N (NH4+-N and NO3−-N), soil chemical properties, as well as the agronomic characteristics and physiological indexes of blueberry plants in the neutral soil–blueberry system. The addition of DMPP significantly increased the retention of soil ammonium nitrogen and the content of total mineral nitrogen. qPCR analysis showed that DMPP inhibited the ammoxidation process mainly by reducing the abundance of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA gene rather than the ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) amoA gene. No significant inhibitory effect of DMPP was observed for the nitrite dehydrogenase gene nxrA and nitrite reductase gene nirS. Soil NH4+-N and available phosphorus content were both enhanced with the DMPP application rates both in bulk and rhizosphere soil. Applying 1% DMPP to the neutral soil for blueberry was sufficient to safely inhibit soil nitrification, not only increasing ammonium nitrogen content by 10.42% and 26.79%, but also enhancing available phosphorus content by 9.19% and 22.41% compared with CK in bulk and rhizosphere soil, respectively. Moreover, 1% DMPP addition increased the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of blueberry leaves by 12.17% and 26.42%, respectively, compared with CK. The total branch length and the dry weight of blueberry plant were also increased by 16.8% and 33.1%, respectively. These results provide valuable agronomic information for the application of DMPP in blueberry cultivation. Fertilization applied with 1% DMPP has great economic potential to improve both nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of blueberry so as to promote the vegetative growth of blueberry.
Comparative and Sensibility Analysis of Cooling Systems
Authors: Espinosa-Martínez Érick-G. , Quezada-García Sergio , Escobedo-Izquierdo M. Azucena , Cázares-Ramírez Ricardo I.
Published: September 2024

As the global average temperature has increased due to climate change, the use of air conditioning equipment for cooling homes has become more popular. Inverter equipment is advertised as a better energy option than systems with an on/off control; however, there is a lack of sufficient studies to prove this. This work aims to analyze and compare the electricity consumption associated with cooling equipment with an on/off control and inverter equipment. A heat transfer model coupled with energy balance for a room is developed and implemented in Python 3.12. The indoor temperature is controlled by simulating an on/off control and a PID control for the inverter system. Subsequently, the electricity consumption of the two systems is compared, and a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine which variables have the greatest impact on electricity consumption. The results show that the inverter equipment has lower electricity consumption compared to the equipment with the on/off control. However, the sensitivity analysis shows that the indoor temperature set point plays a more relevant role since a 15% variation in its value impacts electricity consumption by up to 77%.
Main Ships Propulsion Boiler Control and Hardware-in-Loop Model Implementation
Authors: Puszkarek Arkadiusz , Dorobczyński Lech , Kozak Maciej
Published: September 2024

This article presents the issues related to the operation and modelling of a ship’s main propulsion steam boiler. Such objects are used widely in seagoing ships, especially very large crude oil carriers, as a main propulsion turbine feed. The advantages, along with the simple construction, thus greatly improve reliability making oil feed boilers an excellent source of power for the chosen types of large ships. It is worth mentioning that a vast part of the research work was performed in previous years regarding automatic control of boiler automation, but, since then, this technology has not been the focus of the researchers. Due to the fact that there is little information available on algorithms for controlling ship boilers, in the presented article, the authors created a unique solution for the control system of a propulsion boiler. The proposed control algorithm takes into account the operating parameters of the ship and allows for quick implementation in a simulation system working in a hardware loop, which can be used for quick testing of solutions for boiler systems fed with alternative fuels. In the future, fossil fuels will become less important than they are now, but the control techniques of boilers will eventually change due to different fuel parameters and, therefore, the development of such boilers is necessary. This article presents the results of research collected in real ship boilers during their operation and, based on the results, a digital model of such an object along with the necessary controls was created. This model was implemented into Hardware-In-Loop, which is the initial step for preparing the full model (including sensors, etc.) of a steam-heated boiler. The theoretical background, along with the chosen simulation and experimental results of control implemented into HIL, are presented to validate assumptions.
Possibilities of Liquefied Spruce (Picea abies) and Oak (Quercus robur) Biomass as an Environmentally Friendly Additive in Conventional Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin Wood Adhesives
Authors: Matin Božidar , Brandić Ivan , Matin Ana , Ištvanić Josip , Antonović Alan
Published: September 2024

Considerable efforts have been made to replace formaldehyde-containing adhesives in the manufacturing of wood products, particularly particleboard, with natural alternatives. One promising solution is the liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials such as wood using glycerol (C3H8O3) under sulfuric acid catalysis (H2SO4). The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and properties of spruce and oak biomass after liquefaction and to evaluate its potential as a formaldehyde-free adhesive substitute. All samples were liquefied at 150 °C for 120 min in five different wood–glycerol ratios (1:1 to 1:5). The liquefaction percentage, the insoluble residue, the dry matter and the hydroxyl (OH) number were determined as characteristic values for the polymer properties of the liquefied samples. The results showed the liquefaction percentage was up to 90% for spruce and oak. The insoluble residue ranged from 10 to 29% for spruce and from 10 to 22% for oak, the dry matter ranged from 54 to 70% for spruce and from 51 to 62% for oak, while the highest xydroxyl number was 570 mg KOH/g for spruce and 839 mg KOH/g for oak. Based on these results, liquefied wood was shown to be an effective natural alternative to synthetic resins in particleboard adhesives and a way to reduce formaldehyde emissions. This research not only supports environmentally sustainable practices but also paves the way for various bioproducts derived from liquefied biomass and points to future avenues for innovation and development in this area.
Revealing the Intrinsic Mechanisms of Hot and Cold Spots within a Locally Shaded Photovoltaic Module Based on Micro-Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Liu Zhihan , Gong Yongshuai , Wang Zixuan , Li Yingfeng , Liu Dongxue
Published: September 2024

Hot-spot generation is critical to the performance and lifespan of photovoltaic (PV) modules; however, the underlying mechanisms of hot-spot formation have not been fully elucidated. This work conducted a localized shading test on a PV module, measured the micro-electrical characteristics and temperature distributions of both the shaded and unshaded cells, calculated the heat-source power densities, and then predicted the occurrence and locations of hot and cold spots via numerical simulations. It was found that, under an irradiance of 750 W/m2, when one cell in a PV module is shaded by 1/2, the unshaded area within the shaded cell exhibited a hot spot, with the temperature reaching up to 77.66 °C, approximately 22.5 °C higher than the surrounding cells. The intrinsic mechanism for the occurrence of the hot spot is that, compared with the unshaded cells, the unshaded portion of the shaded cell can generate an extra significantly large Joule heat power density, about 1079.62 W/m2. The reason for generating such a large Joule heat power density is that this portion is in a reverse-bias state with a high current density flowing through it, according to our measurements. In contrast, the shaded portion forms a cold spot, about 7.5 °C cooler than the surrounding cells. This is because the shaded portion can only generate a Joule heat power density of about 46.98 W/m2 due to the small reverse-bias current density flowing through it and fails to absorb heat from solar irradiance, which is about 645 W/m2. Moreover, this work demonstrates that the hot-spot temperature initially rises and then decreases with increasing shading ratio, with the highest temperatures and the most pronounced temperature changes occurring around a shading ratio of 1/2. The presented method can be also used to evaluate the performance and reliability of various other PV modules under local shading conditions.