bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA lnc-DILC stabilizes PTEN and suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Zhang Han , Wei Pengtao , Lv Wenwei , Han Xingtao , Yang Jinhui , Qin Shuaifeng
Published: October 2019

Background

Increasing evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators affecting the progression of human cancers. Recently, lncRNA downregulated in liver cancer stem cells (lnc-DILC) was identified to function as a tumor suppressor inhibiting the tumorigenesis and metastasis in liver cancer and colorectal cancer. However, to date, little is known about the functional roles of lnc-DILC in modulating malignant phenotypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells.

Methods

lnc-DILC expression in human ccRCC tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. Overexpression and knockdown experiments were carried out to determine the effects of lnc-DILC on ccRCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. To reveal the underlying mechanisms of lnc-DILC functions in ccRCC cells. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, in vivo ubiquitination, co-immunoprecipitation and western blot assays were performed.

Results

Here, we identified that lnc-DILC levels were dramatically downregulated in ccRCC tissues. Loss of lnc-DILC expression was correlated with larger tumor size, advanced tumor grade and lymph node metastasis, and also predicted worse prognosis in patients with ccRCC. Functionally, knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrated that lnc-DILC inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ccRCC cells. Mechanistic investigation revealed that lnc-DILC bound to tumor suppressor PTEN and suppressed its degradation. lnc-DILC repressed the PTEN ubiquitination through blocking the interaction between PTEN and E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 and recruiting the deubiquitinase USP11 to PTEN. Moreover, we demonstrated that PTEN–AKT signaling was crucial for lnc-DILC-mediated suppressive effects.

Conclusions

In summary, our research revealed a novel mechanism by which lnc-DILC regulates PTEN stability via WWP2 and USP11, and shed light on potential therapeutic strategies by the restoration of lnc-DILC expression in patients with ccRCC.
Exploratory study on microRNA profiles from plasma-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Gámez-Valero Ana , Campdelacreu Jaume , Vilas Dolores , Ispierto Lourdes , Reñé Ramón , Álvarez Ramiro , Armengol M. Pilar , Borràs Francesc E. , Beyer Katrin
Published: October 2019

Background

Because of the increasing life expectancy in our society, aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are one of the main issues in global health. Most of these diseases are characterized by the deposition of misfolded proteins and a progressive cognitive decline. Among these diseases, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the most common types of degenerative dementia. Although both show specific features, an important neuropathological and clinical overlap between them hampers their correct diagnosis. In this work, we identified molecular biomarkers aiming to improve the misdiagnosis between both diseases.

Methods

Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) -from DLB, AD and healthy controls- were isolated using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and characterized by flow cytometry, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and cryo-electron microscopy. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and related bibliographic search was performed and a selected group of EV-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) was analysed by qPCR.

Results

Results uncovered two miRNAs (hsa-miR-451a and hsa-miR-21-5p) significantly down-regulated in AD samples respect to DLB patients, and a set of four miRNAs (hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-126-3p, hsa-let-7i-5p, and hsa-miR-151a-3p) significantly decreased in AD respect to controls. The two miRNAs showing decreased expression in AD in comparison to DLB provided area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.9 in ROC curve analysis, thus suggesting their possible use as biomarkers to discriminate between both diseases. Target gene analysis of these miRNAs using prediction online tools showed accumulation of phosphorylation enzymes, presence of proteasome-related proteins and genes involved in cell death among others.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that plasma-EV associated miRNAs may reflect a differential profile for a given dementia-related disorder which, once validated in larger cohorts of patients, could help to improve the differential diagnosis of DLB versus AD.
Sustained preventive chemotherapy for soil-transmitted helminthiases leads to reduction in prevalence and anthelminthic tablets required
Authors: Mupfasoni Denise , Bangert Mathieu , Mikhailov Alexei , Marocco Chiara , Montresor Antonio
Published: October 2019

Background

The goal of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) control programmes is to eliminate STH-associated morbidity in the target population by reducing the prevalence of moderate- and heavy-intensity infections and the overall STH infection prevalence mainly through preventive chemotherapy (PC) with either albendazole or mebendazole. Endemic countries should measure the success of their control programmes through regular epidemiological assessments. We evaluated changes in STH prevalence in countries that conducted effective PC coverage for STH to guide changes in the frequency of PC rounds and the number of tablets needed.

Methods

We selected countries from World Health Organization (WHO)‘s Preventive Chemotherapy and Transmission control (PCT) databank that conducted ≥5 years of PC with effective coverage for school-age children (SAC) and extracted STH baseline and impact assessment data using the WHO Epidemiological Data Reporting Form, Ministry of Health reports and/or peer-reviewed publications. We used pooled and weighted means to plot the prevalence of infection with any STH and with each STH species at baseline and after ≥5 years of PC with effective coverage. Finally, using the WHO STH decision tree, we estimated the reduction in the number of tablets needed.

Results

Fifteen countries in four WHO regions conducted annual or semi-annual rounds of PC for STH for 5 years or more and collected data before and after interventions. At baseline, the pooled prevalence was 48.9% (33.1–64.7%) for any STH, 23.2% (13.7–32.7%) for Ascaris lumbricoides, 21.01% (9.7–32.3%) for Trichuris trichiura and 18.2% (10.9–25.5%) for hookworm infections, while after ≥5 years of PC for STH, the prevalence was 14.3% (7.3–21.3%) for any STH, 6.9% (1.3–12.5%) for A. lumbricoides, 5.3% (1.06–9.6%) for T. trichiura and 8.1% (4.0–12.2%) for hookworm infections.

Conclusions

Countries endemic for STH have made tremendous progress in reducing STH-associated morbidity, but very few countries have data to demonstrate that progress. In this study, the data show that nine countries should adapt their PC strategies and the frequency of PC rounds to yield a 36% reduction in drug needs. The study also highlights the importance of impact assessment surveys to adapt control strategies according to STH prevalence.
The time required to diagnose and treat lung cancer in Delhi, India: an updated experience of a public referral center
Authors: Vashistha Vishal , Choudhari Chandrashekhar , Garg Avneet , Gupta Aditi , Parthasarathy Gopanandan , Jain Deepali , Madan Karan , Hadda Vijay , Khilnani G. C. , Guleria Randeep , Mohan Anant
Published: October 2019

Background

Delays that postpone the evaluation and management of malignancy may lead to considerable morbidity. The primary objective of this study was to assess the time required to diagnose and treat lung cancer at an Indian public referral center that predominantly serves lower-income patients.

Methods

A review of patients diagnosed with lung cancer between January 2008 and December 2016 was completed. We computed the median time intervals and inter-quartile ranges between symptom onset, definitive diagnostic investigation, confirmed histologic diagnosis, and chemotherapy initiation. Median intervals were correlated with baseline demographics and disease characteristics using Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

One thousand, three hundred and-seventy patients were selected. A majority (94.5%) with non-small cell lung cancer were diagnosed with advanced disease. After developing symptoms, patients required 101 [56–168] days to undergo a definitive diagnostic study, 107 [60–173] days to confirm a diagnosis, and 126 [85–196.8] days to initiate treatment. Patients who were previously treated for tuberculosis required more time to receive chemotherapy compared to those who were not (187 [134–261.5] days vs. 113 [75–180] days, p < 0.0001). A specialty Lung Cancer Clinic was implemented in 2012, and the mean referrals per month increased nearly four-fold (p < 0.0001), but the time required to administer treatment was not shortened.

Conclusion

Among lower-income Indian patients, the most prominent delays occur prior to diagnosis. Efforts should be directed toward encouraging physicians to maintain a high index of clinical suspicion and educating patients to report concerning symptoms as early as possible.
President's Page
Authors: Koehr John J.
Published: October 2019

Back at the end of May, you may have noted the announcement of my appointment as SEG's new executive director based at our headquarters in Tulsa, Oklahoma. I would like to thank all those who have extended such a warm welcome to me. My excitement in the role has grown daily, and it remains a great honor to me to serve in this capacity. I have just concluded my first 90 wonderful days with SEG and wanted to share with you my experiences and observations as well as my thoughts for our future.
Introduction to this special section: AVO inversion
Authors: Townend Edward , Kemper Michael
Published: October 2019

It has been more than three years since The Leading Edge last published a special section on amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion, and interest in the subject remains strong. This past spring, SEG hosted a joint symposium in Houston, Texas, on the “Resurgence of seismic inversion,” and the body of talks and case studies demonstrated the method's continued relevance to making impactful drilling decisions. Despite this, and despite AVO inversion's position as a mature and well-established technique, there are an abundance of examples in which inaccurate AVO predictions have led to drastic failures at the drill bit. This highlights the challenges that still exist in the successful execution of such investigations and makes the subject occasionally controversial and certainly fraught with data-quality and best-practice considerations. In this vein, the special section presented here offers examples of the broad sweep of considerations and methods relevant to enabling successful AVO inversion and the interpretation of its products, as well as case studies that demonstrate how application of the technique can be impactful all the way through to appraisal and field development programs.
Quantitative seismic reservoir modeling — Model-based probabilistic inversion for optimal field development
Authors: Hwang Yong Keun , Zirczy Helena , Bakku Sudhish
Published: October 2019

Full-field reservoir models provide key input to annual business plans and reserve booking. They support the long-term field development plan by enabling well target optimization, identification of infill opportunities, water-flood management, and well-surveillance and intervention strategies. It is crucial to constrain the model with all available static and dynamic data to improve its predictive power for confident decision making. Across Shell's global deepwater portfolio, a model-based probabilistic seismic amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) inversion methodology is used to constrain reservoir properties as part of a comprehensive quantitative seismic reservoir modeling workflow. Promise, a proprietary probabilistic inversion tool, estimates values of reservoir properties and quantifies their uncertainties through repeated forward modeling and automated quality checking of synthetic against recorded seismic data. During workflow execution, available geologic, petrophysical, and geophysical data are incorporated. As a consequence, the reservoir models are consistent with all relevant subsurface data following their update through inversion. Model-based inversion establishes a direct link between static model properties and elastic impedances. Probabilistic inversion output is an ensemble of posterior static models. The inversion process automatically sorts through the ensemble. It can directly provide low, mid, and high cases of the inverted models that are ready to be used in hydrocarbon volume estimation and multiscenario dynamic modeling for history matching and production forecasting. For successful and efficient delivery of full-field reservoir models with uncertainty assessment using model-based probabilistic AVO inversion, early integration of interdisciplinary subsurface data and cross-business collaboration are key.
Reviews
Authors: Cao Weiping , Avakian Bob , Green William R.
Published: October 2019

Waves and Rays in Seismology: Answers to Unasked Questions, second edition, by Michael Slawinski, ISBN 978-9-813-23987-6, 2018, World Scientific, 576 p. Archaeogeophysics: State of the Art and Case Studies, by Gad El-Qady and Mohamed Metwaly, ISBN 978-3-319-78860-9, 2019, Springer International Publishing, 276 p. Earthquake Analysis and Design of Industrial Structures and Infra-structures, by Indrajit Chowdhury and Shambhu Dasgupta, ISBN 978-3-319-90831-1, 2019, Springer International Publishing, 1050 p.
Memorial
Authors: Gajewski Dirk
Published: October 2019

Reinhard Bortfeld (1927–2019)
Clinical Presentation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Older Adults
Authors: Castellano Elena , Attanasio Roberto , Boriano Alberto , Borretta Giorgio
Published: October 2019

Background

The clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has changed greatly during the past few decades. Our aim was to evaluate whether the clinical presentation at diagnosis differed according to age.

Methods

We evaluated retrospectively a monocentric series of 462 consecutive patients with PHPT, dividing them according to a cutoff of 65 years of age.

Results

No differences were found in the mean serum PTH, calcium, or vitamin D levels. In older patients (n = 212; 45.9%), the urinary calcium levels were significantly lower (median, 205 mg/24 hour; interquartile range, 220 mg/24 hour) compared with those in younger patients (median, 308 mg/24 hour; interquartile range, 233 mg/24 hour). In addition, renal involvement was significantly less frequent (25% vs 49.2%), and bone involvement significantly more frequent (58% vs 44%) in older patients compared with younger patients. The clinical presentation was significantly different between the two age groups, with a lower frequency of symptomatic forms and a greater frequency of asymptomatic forms not meeting surgical criteria in the older patients (44.4% vs 57.2% and 18.4% vs 5.6%, respectively). Osteoporosis was significantly more frequent in the older adults than in their younger counterparts. The most affected bone site was the forearm in older adults and the lumbar spine in younger ones (50.3% and 50.5%, respectively).

Conclusion

The clinical presentation of PHPT differs according to age, and this difference can affect the selection of management modalities.
Absence of Adverse Neurological Outcomes in a Non-Neurologically Injured Polytrauma Patient Despite Extreme and Prolonged Treatment-Resistant Hypotension: A Case Report
Authors: Sakai Wataru , Okazaki Kayoko , Arakawa Johji , Fujita Satoshi , Yamakage Michiaki
Published: October 2019

Temporary hypotension after severe trauma might help achieve hemostasis and increase the chances of survival. However, excessive hypotension can lead to adverse neurological sequelae or be fatal. The relationship between the degree of hypotension and neurological prognosis after trauma is not fully understood. Our report describes a patient with severe trauma who survived with a favorable neurological outcome despite extreme and prolonged treatment-resistant hypotension.
Self-Limited Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage After Lumbar Spinal Drain Removal While on Clopidogrel: A Case Report
Authors: Aboumerhi Hassan , Elmofty Dalia H.
Published: October 2019

Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSH) is a rare yet potentially devastating complication of neuraxial procedures. We present a case of SSH after inadvertent lumbar spinal drain removal while on clopidogrel. The contrast between the patient’s mild clinical symptoms compared to his impressive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) highlights the variable presentations that can be seen with spinal and epidural hematomas. Despite sophisticated electronic warnings systems available to improve patient safety, better efforts are needed to improve interprofessional communication with providers taking care of patients with indwelling neuraxial catheters.
MicroRNA-19b restricts Wnt7b to the hem, which induces aspects of hippocampus development in the avian forebrain
Authors: Sindhu Suvimal Kumar , Udaykumar Niveda , Zaidi Mohd Ali Abbas , Soni Abhinav , Sen Jonaki
Published: October 2019

The functions of the hippocampus are conserved between birds and mammals; however, it is not known whether similar mechanisms are responsible for its development in these two classes. In mammals, hippocampus development is known to be regulated by the hem organizer. Here, we have identified that, in birds, Wnt7b secreted from the hem is sufficient for inducing the expression of hippocampal markers. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that a microRNA, miR-19b, which is selectively excluded from the hem region, is necessary and sufficient for restricting the expression of Wnt7b to the hem. This study suggests that the role of the Wnt signal emanating from the hem is conserved between birds and mammals, and that a microRNA-based mechanism is crucial for determining the position of the hippocampus.
Can laboratory model systems instruct human limb regeneration?
Authors: Cox Ben D. , Yun Maximina H. , Poss Kenneth D.
Published: October 2019

Regeneration has fascinated scientists since well before the 20th century revolutions in genetics and molecular biology. The field of regenerative biology has grown steadily over the past decade, incorporating advances in imaging, genomics and genome editing to identify key cell types and molecules involved across many model organisms. Yet for many or most tissues, it can be difficult to predict when and how findings from these studies will advance regenerative medicine. Establishing technologies to stimulate regrowth of a lost or amputated limb with a patterned replicate, as salamanders do routinely, is one of the most challenging directives of tissue regeneration research. Here, we speculate upon what research avenues the field must explore to move closer to this capstone achievement.
Inhibiting SUMO1-mediated SUMOylation induces autophagy-mediated cancer cell death and reduces tumour cell invasion via RAC1
Authors: Lorente Mar , García-Casas Ana , Salvador Nélida , Martínez-López Angélica , Gabicagogeascoa Estibaliz , Velasco Guillermo , López-Palomar Lucía , Castillo-Lluva Sonia
Published: October 2019

Post-translational modifications directly control protein activity and, thus, they represent an important means to regulate the responses of cells to different stimuli. Protein SUMOylation has recently been recognised as one such modification, and it has been associated with various diseases, including different types of cancer. However, the precise way that changes in SUMOylation influence the tumorigenic properties of cells remains to be fully clarified. Here, we show that blocking the SUMO pathway by depleting SUMO1 and UBC9, or by exposure to ginkgolic acid C15:1 or 2-D08 (two different SUMOylation inhibitors), induces cell death, also inhibiting the invasiveness of tumour cells. Indeed, diminishing the formation of SUMO1 complexes induces autophagy-mediated cancer cell death through increasing the expression of Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3). Moreover, we found that blocking the SUMO pathway inhibits tumour cell invasion by decreasing RAC1 SUMOylation. These findings shed new light on the mechanisms by which SUMO1 modifications regulate the survival, and the migratory and invasive capacity of tumour cells, potentially establishing the bases to develop novel anti-cancer treatments based on the inhibition of SUMOylation.
O Processo Decisório sobre a Distribuição de Lucros das Empresas Listadas na BM&FBOVESPA: Survey com CFOs
Authors: Decourt Roberto Frota , Procianoy Jairo Laser
Published: October 2019

Com o objetivo de conhecer o processo decisório da distribuição de lucros das empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa foi enviado ao CFO dessas empresas um questionário, construído de forma adequada as particularidades brasileiras. Foi identificado que a decisão final sobre a política de dividendos é, na maioria das empresas, do conselho de administração que recebe uma proposta preparada pela gestão. Os principais fatores analisados para a definição dos dividendos são o lucro líquido do exercício e a geração de caixa do período. A recompra de ações é considerada benéfica aos acionistas, mas é tratada pela maioria dos respondentes como uma decisão de investimentos e não distribuição de lucros. O JSCP é utilizado pela imensa maioria das empresas devido ao benefício fiscal que proporciona à empresa. Há indícios de que o tipo de incentivo utilizado para remunerar os executivos afeta a política de dividendos da empresa, o que sugere a existência de conflito de agência entre executivos e acionistas.
Modelos de Precificação de Ativos e o Efeito Liquidez: Evidências Empíricas no Mercado Acionário Brasileiro
Authors: Machado Márcio André Veras , Medeiros Otávio Ribeiro de
Published: October 2019

Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar se existe o prêmio de liquidez no mercado acionário brasileiro. Adicionalmente, buscou-se averiguar se a liquidez é precificada e se o retorno das ações era explicado não apenas pelo fator de risco sistemático, conforme propõe o CAPM, pelos três fatores de Fama e French (1993) e pelo fator momento de Carhart (1997), mas também pela liquidez, conforme sugerido por Amihud e Mendelson (1986). Para isso, foram usadas cinco medidas de liquidez e optou-se pelo emprego de portfólios. Dentre os modelos de precificação de ativos analisados, o CAPM mostrou-se o menos adequado na explicação dos retornos. Verificou-se que a inclusão dos fatores tamanho e BM no CAPM, do fator momento no modelo de três fatores, e da liquidez no modelo de quatro fatores melhorou seu poder explicativo dos retornos das carteiras, evidenciando uma superioridade do modelo de cinco fatores em relação aos demais modelos de precificação de ativos.
Editorial
Authors: Das Rolla
Published: October 2019

-
Fundamentality and Conditionality of Existence
Authors: Rajan Sahana
Published: October 2019

In metaphysics, fundamentality is a central theme involving debates on the nature of existents, as wholes. These debates are largely object-oriented in their standpoint and engage with composites or wholes through the mereological notion of compositionality. The ontological significance of the parts overrides that of wholes since the existence and identity of the latter are dependent on that of the former. Broadly, the candidates for fundamental entities are considered to be elementary particles of modern physics (since they appear to play the role of ultimate parts to all phenomena). The paper intends to show the inadequacy of the object-oriented notion of conditionality by pointing out that the parts and wholes possess varying conditions of existence. By alleging that only the parts are ontologically significant is to conflate such conditions and neglect the spectrum of conditions which exist in our world. A proposal for a revised notion of compositionality in terms of structural relatedness is also put forward.
The Construction of Authenticity in the Creative Process: Lessons from Choreographers of Contemporary Dance
Authors: Sagiv Tamar , Simons Tal , Drori Israel
Published: October 2019

The literature on authenticity of cultural production has systematically examined the perceived authenticity of both the producer and the cultural product but not of the creative process. This study aims to address this lacuna, adopting Carroll and Wheaton’s typology of type and moral authenticity to examine how contemporary dance choreographers construct authenticity during the creation of a new choreography. Our analysis of data from 23 contemporary dance companies reveals that the two meanings of authenticity dynamically reconstitute one another in the creative process. First, choreographers construct moral authenticity through transformation of form, deconstructing established artistic dance forms and introducing new movements from a bricolage of techniques. Second, they construct type authenticity through wrapping expression, facilitating the deconstruction of the values attached to the bricolage of techniques into artistic dance aesthetics. Finally, choreographers evoke both moral and type authenticity through a creative process of reconstruction. Our noteworthy finding reveals how the construction of authenticity in the process of creating a new choreography, and the dynamics between the two meanings of authenticity, serve significantly as a means of communication among the involved actors, thereby enabling the creative process.
A Configurational Approach to Servitization: Review and Research Directions
Authors: Kohtamäki Marko , Henneberg Stephan C. , Martinez Veronica , Kimita Koji , Gebauer Heiko
Published: October 2019

In this article, the authors extend the current literature on servitization by taking a configurational perspective, aiming to understand the interplay between the drivers (conditions) that lead to certain equifinal outcomes of servitization. By taking stock of the servitization literature using the contingency theory of strategy as a foundational theory and the strategy–structure–environment approach as a primary framework to systematically review and analyze the identified configurational servitization studies, the authors identify commonalities and gaps in the literature and set directions for future research.
ISOLATE OF HETEROTROPHIC MICROALGAE AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE FOR DOCOHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA)
Authors: Julianti Elin , Fathurohman Mochamad , Damayanti Sophi , Kartasasmita Rahmana Emran
Published: October 2019

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of essential fatty acids that are beneficial to health. Nowadays, the source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is mainly obtained from fish which are extracted into fish oil products. However, the fish oil products still have some drawbacks in term of purity, acceptable flavor for costumers, and also their not environmental friendly production process. As an alternative solution, heterotrophic microalgae can be used as a potential source for DHA due to their excellence compared to fish oil products. The aim of this study is to isolate the heterotropic microalgae that can produce DHA. The heterotrophic microalgae were isolated from mangrove fallen leaves (Rhizophora apiculata) by using direct planting method. The morphology of pure microalgae colony were observed through light microscope and subsequently fermented for 14 days. Fatty acids were extracted and methylated through direct transesterification method. Identification and quantification of DHA were conducted by using gas chromatography. The results were four isolates of heterotropic microalgae, namely MTKC1, MTKC2, MTKC3, and MTKC4. The extract of MTKC2 that only showed the content of DHA with value of 9.2 % w/w. Therefore MTKC2 is a potential source for DHA. The MTKC2 was further identified by using molecular biology method and confirmed as Thraustochytrium aureum.
SEAGRASS POPULATION CONNECTIVITY IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
Authors: Hernawan Udhi Eko
Published: October 2019

Seagrass plays important ecological roles and ecosystem services, yet degrading alarmingly in the South China Sea (SCS), one of the largest marginal seas of the Western Pacific. As connectivity is a vital component in population persistence, understanding of connectivity is of importance for effective seagrass conservation management. In the South China Sea, our understanding of connectivity is mainly based on studies in fishes and invertebrates. Connectivity in seagrass populations, on the other hand, is still poorly investigated. In this review, I predict that genetically structured population of seagrass is likely to occur in the SCS. Future research on seagrass connectivity should include (i) investigation on the pattern of connectivity at a local and broader-regional scale, and (ii) investigation on processes involved in the seagrass connectivity. These investigations are aimed to improve our knowledge of seagrass connectivity and to contribute in providing a solid framework for seagrass restoration/transplantation and spatial planning of seagrass management.
MANGROVE BRACHYURAN CRABS IN WORI, NORTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Authors: Pratiwi Rianta , Widyastuti Ernawati
Published: October 2019

The study for faunal diversity from mangrove sites in Wori were very less work carried out, especially on brachyuran crab taxa. Healthy mangrove forests provide  a critical for many species of Crabs in intertidal and estuarine areas are keys to healthy marine ecology. Mangroves are the most suitable feeding, breeding and nursery grounds for crabs and other crustaceans. In this study, the habitat distribution and diversity of crabs in Wori mangrove environment was recorded from  October 2015 and August 2016. In view of the significance of the mangrove habitat, in present study we selected three station with different habitat specifications as in  Wori Seaward (WSW), Wori Middle zone (WMZ) and Wori Landward (WLW). Total 15 species and 307 individuals of brachyuran crabs were recorded belonging to 10 genera and 6 families. Crabs belonging to family Sesarmidae was most dominant with 7 species. The other major outcome of study was maximum diversity was found at Wori Landward (WLW) site with 13 species, followed by Middle Zone (WMZ) site with 11 species and Wori Seaward (WSW) site with 10 species.
FASTING IN HYBRID GROUPER EPINEPHELUS FUSCOGUTTATUS X EPINEPHELUS LANCEOLATUS IN RELATION TO PROXIMATE CONTENTS, GROWTH AND FEED EFFICIENCY
Authors: Asih Yasmina Nirmala , Mahardika Ketut , Susanto Bambang
Published: October 2019

Fasting in fish is commonly used to improve the quality of fish product post-slaughtered. This study aims to investigate the alteration in nutrient contents, growth, and feed efficiency of hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x E. lanceolatus fasted at different intervals. There were two experiments conducted in this study. The first experiment evaluated alteration in nutrient contents of carcass and liver of hybrid groupers. The fishes were grouped into three feeding regimes: fed daily, fasted at a one-day interval, and fasted at a two-day interval. Each group had 50 fishes with an initial mean weight of 200 ± 11.3 g. The second experiment was to evaluate the growth and feed efficiency of the fishes. Hybrid groupers were subjected to two feeding regimes. The first group (n = 45) was fed daily, and the second group of fish (n = 45) fasted at a two-day interval. The first and second experiments were conducted for one and two months, respectively. The results show that hybrid groupers fed daily have the lowest protein and the highest fat in the carcass compared to those fasted on one- or two-day interval. During the first month, there was no difference between the growth rate of the fishes fed daily and fasted at a two-day interval (32.88 and 32.08%, respectively). However, in the second month, the fishes fed daily have a growth rate of 66.08%, which is 1.4 times higher than those fasted at a two-day interval (48.12%). Altogether, fasting in hybrid groupers could alter proximate contents, slow down growth, and improve feed efficiency.
DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF GASTROPODS IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE OF WATUKARUNG, INDONESIA
Authors: Setyono Dwi Eny Djoko , Kusuma Hollanda Arief , Poeteri Nandike Ayudiah , Bengen Dietriech Geoffrey , Kurniawan Ferry
Published: October 2019

We present the density, diversity, and environmental conditions of gastropods in the Watukarung intertidal zone ? a coastal region of Pacitan Regency, Indonesia, adjoining the Indian Ocean. Gastropods play an important role in coastal ecosystems. In Watukarung, the local people collect marine organisms, including gastropods during low tide to supplement their income. Baseline information on the presence and abundance of gastropods in Watukarung are not available. Our survey collected 173 individuals of gastropod in the intertidal area of Watukarung that represent 8 families, 9 genera, and 13 species. Gastropod diversity index (H') in the three beaches (Ngalorombo, Pasir Putih, and Kasap) show varying values from the categories of low and medium species diversity. Although the data suggest that there should be a dominant species in the ecosystem (E < 0.5), there are no strong dominance species in the community (C < 0.5). Watukarung coastal waters are still in good condition for marine organisms with salinity > 31‰, DO > 8.1 mg/L, and pH > 8. The substrate is dominated by coarse sand. The total organic matter is relatively low (< 2.6%) due to characteristics of the substrate that is dominated by a rocky and sandy substrate. Based on the results, we suggest that Kasap beach can be established as a core zone considering its high diversity and density of gastropods as well as being distant from any residential area, whereas Ngalorombo and Pasir Putih beaches are suitable as usage zones for surfing tourism. We highlight the need for the local community, government, and private sector need to work together to encourage sustainably tourism while reducing environmental impacts in Watukarung.
Acute Peritonitis: A Rare Complication Revealing Intestinal Tuberculosis
Authors: M Sabbah , D Trad , C Jemmali , R Jouini , H Elloumi , N Bibani , A Ouakaa , D Gargouri
Published: October 2019

Intestinal tuberculosis diagnosis is often difficult because of non-specific symptoms, miming many other conditions such as malignancy, infectious disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Free intestinal perforation is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of intestinal tuberculosis, associated with high morbidity and mortality.
Humoral and cellular immune factors in autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Potyomkina Ye. Ye. , Rafibekov D. S. , Fomina Ye. Ye. , Pesheva N. V. , Kalinin A. P.
Published: October 2019

Special immunological methods of investigation were used in the examinations of 102 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Group 1 were 43 patients with euthyrosis, group 2 18 subjects with compensated, and group 3 41 patients with decompensated hypothyrosis. Humoral, cell-mediated, and phagocytic factors of the immunity were assessed by 16 parameters, and the findings interpreted in correlation with the findings of similar examinations of 35 donors. Marked changes in the T-cellular and humoral components of the immunity system were revealed, which depended on the function of the thyroid. These changes were the most expressed in decompensated hypothyrosis. Individual analysis showed that euthyrosis and compensated hypothyrosis are more often associated with increased immunologic reaction. The absence of E- receptor hyperreactivity in compensated hypothyrosis and a sharp reduction of T-gamma lymphocyte subpopulation may be explained by the development of adaptation mechanisms. The authors necessitate simultaneous use of the cytotoxic test and E-RFC test for the assesstment of T-cell populations. They emphasize the importance of immunologic monitoring over the course of treatment of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.
Body niacin status in diabetes mellitus: Effect of protein level in a ration
Authors: Sadykova R Ye , Kodentsova V M , Dreval A V
Published: October 2019

Administration of a high-protein diet providing 7-7.8 g of tryptophan per kg of the ration to rats with streptozotocin and alloxan diabetes mellitus resulted in development of a trend to increased liver content of nicotinamide coenzymes and in increased 1-methylnicotinamide excretion with the urine in both groups of animals, this reflecting increased niacin synthesis from tryptophan. Sugar-reducing effect of high-dose nicotinamide was not potentiated by increase of protein share in the ration. These results permitted the authors to suggest that intensification of endogenous niacin synthesis from tryptophan contained in the ration may be one of the mechanisms of a protective effect of high- protein diets in diabetes.
Basal and LH-RH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion in oophorectomized female rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes
Authors: Babichev V N , Adamskaya Ye L , Peryshkova T A
Published: October 2019

In vitro insulin effect on basal and LH-RH- stimulated gonadotropin secretion in oophorectomized female rats with streptozotocin diabetes administered estradiol as replacing hormone therapy was studied. The results were compared to those obtained after a similar incubation of adenohypophyses of oophorectomized rats and of oophorectomized rats administered estradiol. Estradiol was found to change the type of LH-RH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion in oophorectomized animals. Basal, but not LH-RH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion, was increased in rats with experimental diabetes as against other groups. Insulin inhibited basal and increased LH-RH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion in oophorectomized rat’s with streptozotocin diabetes administered estradiol. A conclusion is made about impaired sensitivity of hypophyseal gonadotrophs to LH-RH in streptozotocin diabetes and about a possible contribution of insulin to regulation of body reproductive system at the level of hypophysis.
In memory to V. G. Spesivtseva
Authors: Journal Staff Problems of Endocrinology
Published: October 2019

The obituary is dedicated to the memory of Professor V. G. Spesivtseva, honored doctor of the RSFSR, a prominent domestic therapist, who made a great contribution to the development of the domestic clinic of internal diseases and especially endocrinology.
Potentialities of computer-aided tomography and magnetic imaging in the diagnosis of hypophyseal prolactinomas
Authors: Kirpatovskaya L. Ye. , Akhadov T. A. , Dzeranova L. K. , Marova Ye. I. , Kravtsov A. K. , Sneghiryova R. Ya. , Makarovskaya Ye. Ye. , Ilovaiskaya I. A.
Published: October 2019

Fifty-seven women with the hyperoprolactinemic syndrome coursing from 6 months to 13 years were examined. Total blood serum immunoreactive prolactin was measured, and craniograms made in all the patients, computer-aided tomography of the head was carried out in 49, and magnetic imaging in 38 patients. A total of 29 micro-, 16 macroadenomas, 1 chaniopharyngiomas, and 2 cases of “empty sella turcica” were revealed. Efficacy of prolactinoma detection by computer-aided tomography and magnetic imaging was 63.2 and 78.9%, respectively. Hence, these methods may effectively diagnose hypophyseal prolactinomas, but magnetic imaging is preferable for the detection of microprolactinomas and in cases with suspected volumic processes of the brain.
I. I. Dedov, V. I. Dedov. Hormonal Biorhythms
Authors: Lyashuk P M , Pishak V V
Published: October 2019

There are many different, mostly popular, sometimes sensational publications dedicated to biorhythms in our lives. The peer-reviewed monograph summarizes literature data and the results of our own studies on the nature of the rhythmic functioning of various parts of the neuroendocrine system and the role of hormone biorhythms in the development of endocrinopathies. The authors went beyond the title of the book, since biorhythms are only a special case of a wider dependence of life processes on time.

The monograph consists of a preface, introduction, 4 chapters, conclusion and list of references. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic and clearly defined tasks. The material of each chapter is presented at the modern level of knowledge with an analysis of extensive, mainly foreign, literature.
The central nervous system and experimental diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shvyrkova H. A.
Published: October 2019

After the publication of data on the detection of insulin in brain tissue, interest in studying the role of insulin in the central nervous system (CNS) and changes in the central nervous system in diabetes mellitus increased sharply. In patients with diabetes, a high frequency of mental disorders has been established. Complications of the nervous system in children whose mothers were pregnant with diabetes during pregnancy are described in literature. The role of insulin in the development and differentiation of neurons, potentiation of synaptic activity, the exchange of catecholamines, transcription of genes in nerve cells has been identified, which allows a better understanding of the mechanism of diabetic encephalopathy. This review analyzes the results of experimental studies of the central nervous system in diabetes.
Clinical assessment of the data of radionuclide studies in the diagnosis of malignant tumors of the thyroid
Authors: Purizhansky I. I. , Ogneva T. V. , Kadyrov K. U. , Al-Sakhii Kh. Yu. , Alyoshkin A. P.
Published: October 2019

A total of 386 patients with nodular goiter, compensated adenoma, lymphocytic thyroiditis, relapses of thyroid cancer, and metastases of thyroid cancer to regional lymph nodes were examined in order to assess the informative value of in vivo and in vitro radionuclide studies. In vivo studies were carried out using different systems of visual information processing gamma-chamber with 99mTc - pertechnetate, sodium iodide (131I, 123I) and 201Т1-chloride. Standard radioimmunoassay kits were used for measurements of blood serum levels of thyroxin, triiodothyronine, hypophyseal thyroid hormone, thyroglobulin and antibodies to it, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin. 201Т1-chloride was found to be the optimal radionuclide for the differential diagnosis of tumors of the thyroid; as for the most informative in vitro test, thyroglobulin measurements should be preferred.
Specific features in the mental status of patients with primary hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Bobrov A. Ye. , Melnichenko G. A. , Pyatnitsky N. Yu. , Bondarenko M. G.
Published: October 2019

Primary hyperprolactinemia (PHP) is one of the principal causes of female sterility. Fifty-three women with pathologic hyperprolactinemia of various origins were examined. A high incidence of combination of PHP with mental disorders - up to 70% - was revealed. Despite comparative polymorphism and the nonspecific type of psychopathologic disturbances proper in different variants of primary hyperprolactinemia, women with the primary hyperprolactinemia syndrome develop similar personality characteristics, e.g. constellations of such features as conservatism, altruism, self-sufficiency, autism. The said constellation appears to reflect the pathological shifts in the brain systems of patients with PHP, which are related to the development of the adaptive forms of maternal behavior in the period of breastfeeding.
Diagnostic value of urinary steroidal profiles
Authors: Orlov Ye. N. , Nikolayev N. N. , Antipov Ye. M. , Chmozh L. A. , Makarov O. V.
Published: October 2019

Steroid profiles (SP) of urine, which are the most valuable diagnostic tests of diseases associated with disorders of the synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones, have a number of advantages over other types of tests. Thus, in the profile analysis, the possibility of using the absolute value as a simple variable and comparing it with the norm is partially significant and not the main one, the ratio of some values with others comes to the first place. The next important feature is that the related compounds are determined, interconnected by their origin in the body, and this relationship between the components is quantitative, which provides unique information for understanding the origin of each component individually. The third advantage is that along with the known peaks of steroids, information about unknown substances can be used for diagnosis. The immunological methods of analysis that are now widespread, which allow one to quickly determine hormones in the blood, cannot surpass the SP in the quality and quantity of information received, and in determining the androgens in the clinic they can even compete with them In addition, immunological methods are limited to the available set of reagents (antibodies). The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the great diagnostic capabilities of determining endocrine disorders by analysis of urine SP obtained by the traditional method of capillary gas chromatography.
Current methods of topical diagnosis of pituitary microadenomas
Authors: Serpukhovitin S. Yu. , Korniyenko V. N. , Goncharov N. P. , Trunin Yu. K. , Bukhman A. I. , Marova Ye. I.
Published: October 2019

Treatment of hormone-active pituitary adenomas should be aimed at correcting metabolic disorders without the subsequent development of pituitary hormone deficiency. As a rule, selective adenomectomy is adequate to such requirements. However, intraoperative examination of the pituitary gland is not always successful, even with the use of an operating microscope. Therefore, preoperative detection of the location of pituitary adenoma should be absolutely accurate, which can significantly improve the results of surgical treatment. Prior to 1990, X-ray methods for examining the sella turcica were used only with a small degree of probability to suggest the presence of pituitary microadenomas. The appearance in the 70s of computed tomography (CT) made it possible to significantly improve the topical diagnosis of microadenomas and raise the percentage of their detection to 60-70. The next significant step forward in this direction was the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since the early 1980s, with the percentage of detection of microadenomas reaching 87. However, in 10-15% of patients with clinical and laboratory manifestations of endocrinopathies, microadenomas cannot be detected. This makes us look for more advanced methods of diagnosis, which include bilateral catheterization of cavernous sinuses (BCCS), with subsequent measurement of the level of hormones in the blood flowing from the pituitary gland.
Ecological epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the rural population of Daghestan
Authors: Abusuyev S. A. , Khachirov D. G. , Akhmedkhanov A. A. , Untilov G. V.
Published: October 2019

The authors present data on the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the rural population of Daghestan living in different ecological zones. The incidence of the disease is the highest on the plains and the lowest in the highlands, although the morbidity increases more rapidly in the highlands. A correlation was traced between diabetes mellitus incidence and levels of use of pesticides, mineral and nitrogen-containing fertilizers in agriculture. A conclusion is made on the role of ecological factors in the prevention of diabetes mellitus.