bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Large Vehicle Aerodynamics Under the Influence of Crosswind
Authors:   Department of Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, Politehnica University Timisoara, Romania, Alic Daniela , Miltenovic Aleksandar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, Serbia, Banic Milan ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, Serbia, Zafra Raul Vicente ,   Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a numerical analysis aimed at estimating the impact of crosswinds on the aerodynamics of large vehicles using ANSYS Fluid Flow and Static Structural, offering insights into the qualitative behaviour of trucks under typical traffic conditions. The cases analysed focus on airflow distribution when a truck, traveling at approximately 100 km/h, passes under a portal while exposed to varying crosswind intensities: weak, moderate, and strong lateral winds. A detailed examination of the truck and portal reveals significant interactions between the induced airflow patterns, affecting truck handling and stability. This is evidenced by shifts in velocity and pressure distributions, changes in drag coefficients, and variations in turbulent kinetic energy, all of which are analysed and discussed in this study.
Sensing The Dynamics of Small Landholding in India through Earth Observation: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bandopadhyay Subhajit , Dey Sourav , Grover Latika , Ghosh Subhasis , Das Barnali
Published: November 2024

Fragmentation or the breakdown of landholdings to smaller parcels has an adverse impact on crop yields and productivity because of its uneconomic operational sizes. This comprehensive review reflects the insights into the complex dynamics of small landholding (SLs) in India by leveraging earth observation (EO) based sensing technology through synthesizing existing literature, methodologies and outcomes, and technological advancements along with its challenges and limitations. This study aims to summarize the current state-of-the problems, management, and utilization of EO technology for mapping, monitoring, and parametric assessment of small-scale agricultural land holdings in India. The review also discussed about different sensing platforms, and how to utilize their varied spectrums for identifying and characterizing SLs at different geographies of India. India, with its deeply rooted agricultural tradition dating back thousands of years, has agriculture as the primary occupation for a significant portion of its 1.4 billion population. However, a significant issue in Indian agriculture is the fragmentation of croplands into small landholdings, which results in the division of agricultural land into smaller and often uneconomical parcels. Therefore, accurate delineation and EO based sensing of SLs in India is highly necessary for precise monitoring of crop health, soil conditions, and water usage and many more, which can significantly improve productivity on small, uneconomical parcels of land to boost nations food security. The Authors believe with the efficient intervention of EO based sensing technology in SLs, farmers can make more informed decisions and maximize their yields by making more effective use of their resources. Furthermore, Earth observation can help prevent crop losses and improve food security in a nation where a large portion of the population is dependent on agriculture by helping with the early detection of pests and diseases. Our study will support the decision-making process and policy formulation in Indian agriculture system by providing comprehensive insights from EO-based sensing perspectives. Finally, this will help to create more productive and sustainable farming methods, which will be advantageous to both farmers and the national economy.
The effect of the global language context on bilingual language control during L1 reading
Authors: Parshina Olga , Smirnova Anna , Goldina Sofya
Published: November 2024

The proactive gain control hypothesis suggests that the global language context regulates lexical access to the bilinguals’ languages during reading. Specifically, with increasing exposure to non-target language cues, bilinguals adjust the lexical activation to allow non-target language access from the earliest word recognition stages. Using the invisible boundary paradigm, we examined the flow of lexical activation in fifty proficient Russian-English bilinguals reading in their native Russian while the language context shifted from a monolingual to a bilingual environment. We gradually introduced non-target language cues (the language of experimenter and fillers) while also manipulating the type of word previews (identical, code-switches, unrelated code-switches, pseudowords). The results revealed the facilitatory reading effects of code switches but only in the later lexical processing stages and these effects were independent of the global language context manipulation. The results are discussed from the perspective of limitations imposed by script differences on bilingual language control flexibility.
Barriers to Complexity-Theoretic Proofs that Achieving AGI Using Machine Learning is Intractable
Authors: Guerzhoy Michael
Published: November 2024

A recent paper by van Rooij et al. (2004) https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/4cbuv claims to have proved that achieving human-like intelligence usinglearning from data is intractable in a complexity-theoretic sense. We point out that the proofrelies on an unjustified assumption about the distribution of (input, output) pairs in the data. Webriefly discuss that assumption in the context of two fundamental barriers to repairing the proof:the need to precisely define “human-like,” and the need to account for the fact that a particularmachine learning system will have particular inductive biases that are key to the analysis. Anotherattempt to repair the proof, by focusing on subsets of the data, faces barriers in terms of definingthe subsets.
When Not All Is Lost, Although This Is How It Looks
Authors:   Deputy Dean, Humanities Faculty, National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Iserov Andrei A. ,   Senior Research Fellow, Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

In the second half of the 1960s and in the 1970s, the United States entered an acute socio- economic and political crisis, which seemed to be fatal. But the U.S.’s experience showed that systems are capable of upgrading themselves, even though painfully and not always controllably.
Three Pillars of Realism
Authors:   President, Islamabad Policy Research Institute, Muhammad Raza
Published: November 2024

While most of the smaller states are hedging in joining one bloc or the other, the major powers like the U.S. continue to induce them by offering security guarantees through formal military alliances, economic help, diplomatic pressures, coercion through sanctions, etc.
Palestine: Sovereignty to the Extent Possible
Authors:   Deputy Chairman of the Board, Association of Russian Diplomats, Baklanov Andrey G. ,   Professor and Head of theCenter for Middle Eastern and North African Studies, School of International Regional Studies, National Research University–Higher School of Economics,   Ambassador to Saudi Arabia in 2000-2005
Published: November 2024

The general understanding was that a future Palestinian state would necessarily account for Israel’s concerns, whether real and intentionally inflated.
The Tradition That Took Over
Authors:   Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Smagulov Agybay D.
Published: November 2024

The forty-year civil war in Afghanistan was won by the forces that had defended traditional values. Afghan society will undoubtedly develop but according to its own destiny and going back half a century.
Afghanistan: Time for Dialogue
Authors:   Director, Institute for Strategic and Interregional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Aripov Eldor T.
Published: November 2024

Choosing a dialogue is not easy, especially given the different views in Kabul and Kandahar. It takes patience and a constant search for compromise and mutually acceptable solutions. But there is no other way.
I Love You Little, I Love You Long!
Authors:   Lecturer, Dr Salim Ahmed Salim Centre for Foreign Relations under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East Africa Cooperation, Tanzania, Gonde Amani Godwin
Published: November 2024

Old tactics that had been used during the Cold War period as a means to boost partnership need to be changed. The young generation, which used to read and hear the good and bad news about international politics, are now sitting at round tables to discuss the affairs of their states.
Pavel Durov and a Digital Strategic Stalemate
Authors:   Research fellow at the International Laboratory for Digital Transformation in Public Administration, Institute for Public Administration and Governance, National Research University-Higher School of Economics, expert at the BRICS Competition Law and Policy Center, Diskin Evgenii I.
Published: November 2024

No one has so far stated digital rights clearly and coherently. So, if we turn to the relevant legislation, we will find out that it contains no such notion as the right to an account.
National Conservatism on the Path to Institutionalization
Authors:   Postgraduate student, Faculty of Social Sciences, National Research University-Higher School of Economics, Ismagilova Arina T.
Published: November 2024

National conservatism is currently the most visible and successful part of the New Right in the United States and beyond. By opposing globalization, it has proven to be a global phenomenon, as its proponents are becoming a prominent force in many European and Asian countries.
The Origins of Russian Greatpowerness
Authors:   Deputy Director, Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences (INION RAS), Moscow, Russia, Yefremenko Dmitry V.
Published: November 2024

What Russia experienced most of the time after the collapse of the USSR can be called a manifestation of the great-power instinct in the absence of a historical mission to fulfill. Even the Special Military Operation has not filled this gap completely.
Problems of Russian Federalism and “Rehabilitation” of the Empire
Authors:   Professor, European University at St. Petersburg, Russia, Miller Alexei I. ,   Research Director, Center for the Study of Cultural Memory and Symbolic Politics,   Leading Research Fellow, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The concept of ‘empire,’ cleansed of an aggressively negative or a nostalgically positive emotional connotation, is useful in analyzing the experience of Russia’s national and regional policies in the 21st century.
Creators and Their Critics
Authors:   Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rybakov Vyacheslav M.
Published: November 2024

Everyone knows Pushkin’s phrase: “The government is still the only European in Russia.” It is believed to be a flattering characteristic of the government. But what if the Russian genius felt back then the fatality of this gap that cost our country so dearly later?
The UN Must Recover Its Central Role in Coordinating Actions by Nations
Authors:   Russian Foreign Minister since 2004, Lavrov Sergei V.
Published: November 2024

Today, the international community once again faces massive challenges, just like during World War II, which require joint efforts rather than confrontation and the desire for global dominance.
Agricultural Absentee Land Ownership Rules: Problem or Solution for Farmers on Food Resilience Program?
Authors: Perkasa Surya Rimba , Koeswahyono Imam , Masykur Mohammad Hamidi
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Food resilience is a critical aspect of national sustainability programs. with large and diverse population, Indonesia needs to prioritize food resilience as a primary focus of government programs. Empowering Indonesia's predominantly farming population is one way to achieve food resilience. In this regard, the government can utilize absentee land to achieve food resilience goals and improve the welfare of farmers. However, regulations restricting land ownership to civil servants under Article 3 of Government Regulation No. 224 of 1961 hinder the utilization of absentee land. These regulations pose a significant obstacle to farmers who seek to engage in or expand agricultural endeavors. The conflicts arising from these regulations constitute the most substantial barrier to farmers' efforts to realize food resilience programs in Indonesia. This research uses a normative legal research method, focusing on the absent land through statutory and case approaches. The results of this research suggest that absentee land regulations are no longer relevant given the current state of affairs, as they impede the maximization of food resilience, particularly for farmers in the agricultural sector.
Keywords: Absentee Land, Farm Land, Food Resilience
Anticuerpos anti-acuaporina 4 y anti-mog en el diagnóstico de enfermedades desmielinizantes
Authors: Muñoz Lindo Lian , Gutiérrez Obando María Gabriela , González Araya Mariana
Published: November 2024

El descubrimiento de los anticuerpos anti-AQP4 y anti-MOG ha supuesto un avance significativo en la diferenciación de los trastornos desmielinizantes a los que se asocian, así como en la distinción de otras patologías del sistema nervioso central. El objetivo principal de esta revisión bibliográfica es ofrecer un análisis descriptivo del trastorno del espectro de la neuromielitis óptica (NMOSD) y la enfermedad asociada a anticuerpos contra la glicoproteína de la mielina de los oligodendrocitos (MOGAD). Además, se describen las herramientas diagnósticas disponibles para la detección de los anticuerpos anti-AQP4 y anti-MOG, junto con otros criterios que complementan el diagnóstico y las pautas para realizar un diagnóstico diferencial con otras enfermedades. Finalmente, se aborda el tratamiento terapéutico de estas patologías, con el fin de optimizar el diagnóstico y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
La aspirina en la quimioprevención del cáncer colorrectal: ¿Una solución a un problema de salud pública?
Authors: Lopez Barrios Victor , Chacon Quiros Melissa , Brealey Mora Ariela
Published: November 2024

El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es un problema de salud pública. Representa el tercer tipo de cáncer más frecuentemente diagnosticado, y la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer en todo el mundo. Así, la prevención y detección temprana siguen siendo estrategias clave para reducir su incidencia y mortalidad. En ese sentido, se ha estudiado a la aspirina, o ácido acetilsalicílico, como agente quimiopreventivo, siendo su uso controversial. Se ha planteado acciones tanto dependientes como independientes de la COX-2, así como efectos directos sobre la célula de CCR e indirectos sobre el microambiente tumoral. La evidencia que relaciona el uso de aspirina con una menor incidencia de CCR es sustancial y ha permitido establecer la recomendación del uso de aspirina a dosis bajas para disminuir la incidencia y mortalidad del CCR en un selecto grupo de pacientes. Además, su uso no debe sustituir el tamizaje ni las otras medidas de prevención. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo sintetizar la literatura disponible en relación a los mecanismos antitumorales de la aspirina y aspectos clínicos relevantes como la edad de inicio, duración, dosis recomendada y seguridad.
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY RISKS OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
Authors: Ryaboshtan L.G.
Published: November 2024

The article proposes to enhance the classification of investment activity risks by adding two criteria: sources of investment resources for the enterprise and the scale of consequences. The first criterion identifies internal risk, which characterizes the enterprise's own investment resources formed directly within the company to support its development, and external risk, which describes resources sourced from outside the enterprise. According to the second criterion, risks are divided into acceptable, moderate, critical, and unacceptable categories. Based on expert evaluation, the most prioritized investment activity risks for motor transport enterprises were identified as technical-technological, debt, reduction in financial stability, liquidity, marketing, inflation, and interest rate risks. For each selected investment risk, appropriate quantitative indicators are suggested. From the research conducted, an integrated risk coefficient for investment activities in motor transport enterprises was developed, which considers the weight of each risk and the level of expertise of the evaluators. A rating scale for assessing the level of investment risks for motor transport enterprises was also established.
URBAN SATURATION IN ALGERIAN CITIES: FACTORS AND TREATMENT METHODS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF URBAN SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF TÉBESSA
Authors: Berkani Fatima Zohra  , Dahaouh Fatima  , Hmaizia Siwar  , Barkat Aya
Published: November 2024

Throughout history, cities have undergone transformations due to social, urban, environmental, and economic changes, which have contributed to altering their shape, and growth patterns. This evolution has led to continuous urban expansion in response to the increasing needs of the population, resulting in boundless urban sprawl. The constant effort to provide urban services has driven the integration of new land areas within the framework of urban expansion, often at the expense of the surrounding rural areas, which serve as the city's main life source. These rural areas are the primary base for urban expansion and simultaneously the main supplier of labor and raw materials.
Currently, urban expansion in Algerian cities, in general, and in Tebessa in particular, poses challenges in urban development and planning. This situation calls for exploring alternative approaches when natural or human barriers prevent the optimal use of urban land in alignment with the city’s needs, leading to urban saturation. These approaches should consider the principles of sustainable urban development and rely on tools focused on protecting natural resources within and around the city, as cities are not only the main threat to the natural environment but also the first victims of its degradation.
Humans and Education in Islam: Optimising Multidimensional Potential for a Cultured and Productive Society
Authors: Kartika Ika , Paramansyah Arman , Riyanto  , Uswatiyah Wiwi
Published: November 2024

The research aims to analyze humans and education in Islam. The qualitative research method, the type of library research that is explored, is sourced from the library. The author uses a content analysis approach model (research content). This research is an in-depth discussion of the content of written or printed information in the mass media. Data analysis was carried out through content analysis, including all content analysis of the Al-Qur'an text and books related to human themes and education in Islam. The research results show that (1) Humans are multi-dimensional creatures with perception, sensation, and intellectual powers. Human potential is actualized in the form of creative works. (2) Humans are expressed in terms of basyar and insan. Basyar refers to their physical appearance, while insan refers to their psychological qualities, namely the power of feeling and the power of reasoning. (3) Humans and education are two elements that cannot be separated because humans, with all their potential, can be empowered through education and training. Education is an essential part of human life. With education, humans can actualize themselves in the form of work, which is manifested in science, art, and culture. This work is a human effort to overcome the difficulties of life.
Empowering Charactered Education: The Impact of Educational Management on Islamic Guidance and Counseling for Vocational High School Students
Authors: Simatupang Sabar Lamhot Tua , Arifin Muhammad , Owa-Oniren Uthman Yusuf Olawale
Published: November 2024

This research aims to analyse the role of educational management in field of Islamic guidance and counselling in creating character education for students at SMKN 1 Praya. The subjects in this study were school principals, educators, and education staff. While the object used is several students. The approach is qualitative, using a qualitative design and data collection methods including documentation, interviews, and observation. The steps of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion-drawing were all included in the interactive model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana for the analysis of the data. The findings indicate that the planning for guidance and counseling services is spot on, that the implementation of the services is carried out by guidance and counseling teachers in accordance with the plan because they are aware of their responsibilities, and that the implementation of the services is program-based. However, certain programs cannot be carried out effectively. It is not ideal for the principals to oversee the guidance and counseling services program. Since character education is not offered in every subject at every educational institution, this study differs from earlier studies in the field. The study's findings can serve as a guide for character development in all educational settings, particularly when it comes to practically integrating character education into all subjects and extracurricular activities
Risk Identification on Screw Press Machines Using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Method on CV.” Rezeki Bersama
Authors: Akmal Abdiel Khaleil , Pamungkas Iing , Irawan Heri tri
Published: November 2024

CV. Rezeki Bersama is a producer of crude coconut oil (CCO) based in Alus-alus Village, Teupah Selatan District, Simeulue Regency, Aceh. CV. Rezeki Bersama employs 15 people at various production stations, including press machines. In practice, this research uses the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method to determine the damage that occurred at the press station of the joint rezeki factory. The FMEA approach is used to assess the likelihood of failure in a manufacturing process, determining its severity, frequency of occurrence, and detectability. This study focuses on collecting machine damage data from January 3 to February 3 2024 and evaluating it to determine the Risk Priority Number (RPN) value which will be used to indicate the priority of repairs needed. This research aims to provide recommendations for repair and prevention of damage in the future, as well as increasing the reliability and efficiency of the company's operations.
Samarium(III) Complex Based on 5-Phenyl-2,2´-bipyridine with the Diethylenetriaminotetraacetic Acid Residue in the C6 Position: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Krinochkin A. P. , Vatolina S. E. , Gaviko V. S. , Litvinov I. A. , Valieva M. I. , Shtaitz Ya. K. , Rybakova S. S. , Kopchuk D. S. , Zyryanov G. V. , Rusinov V. L.
Published: November 2024

New samarium complex of 5-phenyl-2,2´-bipyridine with the diethylenetriaminotetraacetic acid (DTTA) residue in the C6 position, [(L2)Sm2Na5(H2О)9(C2O4)]n (I), is synthesized. The structure of complex I is studied by XRD (CIF file CCDC no. 2217968). The complex in the crystal is found to be a onedimensional coordination polymer, and the 2,2´-bipyridine fragments do not chelate the Sm3+ cation. The complex is characterized by a luminescence response to the addition of an excess of zinc cations.
Monomeric and Polymeric Cyclopentadienyl Dysprosium Complexes Based on the Acenaphthene-1,2-diimine Ligand
Authors: Lukina D. A. , Skatova A. A. , Kozlova E. A. , Fedyushkin I. L.
Published: November 2024

The reaction of [(Dpp-bian)DyI(Dme)2] (Dpp-bian is 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene, Dme is CH3OCH2CH2OCH3) with Cp*K (Cp* is C5Me5) in toluene followed by crystallization from benzene affords crystals of the 1D coordination polymer [(Dpp-bian)DyIKCp*]n (I)•2.6C6H6 (26%) and crystals of the monomeric complex [(Dpp-bian)DyCp*(Dme)] (II)•1.5C6H6 (12%). The same reaction in 1,2-dimethoxyethane followed by crystallization from benzene makes it possible to isolate only complex II•1.5C6H6 in a yield of 48%. The synthesized compounds are characterized by IR and UV spectroscopy and elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Their molecular structures are determined by XRD (CIF files CCDC nos. 2298407 (I) and 2298408 (II)).
Interaction of Lyophilic Zinc(II) Porphyrins with Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Koifman O. I. , Lebedeva N. S. , Yurina E. S. , Gubarev Yu. A. , Syrbu S. A. , Kiselev A. N. , Lebedev M. A.
Published: November 2024

Palladium-catalyzed heterylation of monobromophenyl-substituted zinc(II) porphyrin with small heterocycles (benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and N-methylbenzimidazole) was carried out. As a result, unsymmetrical heterylphenyl-substituted zinc(II) porphyrins soluble in organic solvents were obtained. The interaction of heteryl-substituted zinc(II) porphyrins with alpha-helical proteins was studied by spectral methods using bovine serum albumin in aqueous organic solvents. It was found that the titration of the zinc(II) porphyrins with albumin in a sodium phosphate buffer involves a number of equilibria including complexation and aggregation. In the case of porphyrins containing N-methylbenzimidazole and benzoxazole residues, self-aggregation processes initiated by absorption of organic solvent molecules by the protein predominate. It was found that more hydrophobic nature of zinc(II) porphyrin with benzothiazole residue promotes the complex formation with the protein. The photochemical properties of zinc(II) porphyrin with a benzothiazole residue, capacity for the photooxidation of the alpha-helical protein, and the high affinity of protein to this porphyrin make it a promising candidate for the potential applicability for photodynamic inactivation.
Structural Diversity of Heteroligand 1,2,4-Triphenylcyclopentadienyl-Bipyridine Complexes of Rare Earth Metals
Authors: Bardonov D. A. , Lysenko K. A. , Degtyareva S. S. , Nifantiev I. E. , Roitershtein D. M.
Published: November 2024

The reaction of triphenylcyclopentadienyl potassium and bipyridine with lanthanum, praseodymium, erbium, lutetium, and scandium chloride tetrahydrofuranates results in the formation of binuclear [CpPh3Ln(Bipy)Cl(μ2-Cl)]2 (Ln = La (I), Pr (II)) and mononuclear [CpPh3Ln(Bipy)Cl2(THF)] (Ln = Er (III), Lu (IV), [CpPh3Sc(Bipy)Cl2] (V) complexes (CpPh3 = 1,2,4-triphenylcyclopentadienyl, Bipy = bipyridine). The decrease in the REE radius in the series La…Sc results in the formation of mononuclear instead of binuclear complexes and in a decrease in the coordination number of the central ion. The coplanar arrangement of two different π-systems gives rise to stacking interactions between the triphenylcyclopentadienyl ligand and bipyridine. The molecular structure of complexes I–V was established by X-ray diffraction analysis (CCDC nos. 2308609 (I), 2308608 (II), 2308610 (III), 2308611 (IV), 2308607 (V)).
Half-Sandwich Iminophosphonamide Rhodium Complexes as Highly Efficient Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Dimethylamine-Borane
Authors: Nekrasov R. I. , Peganova T. A. , Kal´sin A. M. , Belkova N. V.
Published: November 2024

The dehydrogenation of dimethylamine-borane (DMAB) catalyzed by the iminophosphonamide rhodium(III) complexes [Cp*RhCl{Ph2P(N–p-Tol)(NR)}] (Iа, R = p-Tol; Ib, R = Me) in situ formed fulvene [(η4-C5Me4CH2)Rh(NPN)] (IIa, IIb) and diene [(η4-C5Me5H)Rh(NPN)] (IIIa, IIIb) rhodium(I) derivatives is studied. Catalysts IIIa and IIIb turn out to be the most active and demonstrate a TOF activity of 110 (IIIа) and 540 h–1 (IIIb) at 40°С in toluene. The activity decreases significantly in more polar and coordinating THF. At the same time, the rate of DMAB dehydrogenation by complexes Iа and Ib is lower by 10–30 times, and fulvene complexes Iа and Ib are rapidly deactivated after the active initial period (20% conversion). The kinetic studies show that the reaction has the first order with respect to the substrate and catalyst. The model 11В NMR experiments confirm that the reaction proceeds via the intermediate formation of a monomer Me2N=BH2, which rapidly dimerizes to (Me2N–BH2)2. The mechanism of DMAB dehydrogenation with the formation of unstable hydride intermediate [Cp*RhH{Ph2P(N–p-Tol)(NR)}] (IVa, IVb) is proposed on the basis of the preliminarily 31Р NMR results and published data.
Reaction of 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzamide with Potassium Hydride: Unexpected Activation of the C–F Bond and Dimerization of Organofluorine Ligand
Authors: Yambulatov D. S. , Astaf´eva T. V. , Voronina J. K. , Nikolaevskii S. A. , Kiskin M. A. , Eremenko I. L.
Published: November 2024

The reaction of potassium hydride with 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzamide (FBAm) in dimethoxyethane results in activation of the C–F bond in the para-position to the C(O)NH2 group followed by dimerization of FBAm to form a potassium salt with one free amide group. The structure of the binuclear reaction product {(DME)2K+[C6F5–C(O)N–C6F4–C(O)NH2]–}2 (I) was determined by X-ray diffraction (CCDC 2311402), the purity of the product was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.
Old world fruit bats (Pteropodidae, Chiroptera) from the pleistocene of Vietnam
Authors: Lopatin А. V.
Published: November 2024

Isolated teeth of a lesser short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis (Müller, 1838), a fulvous fruit bat Rousettus leschenaultii (Desmarest, 1820), and a dawn bat Eonycteris spelaea (Dobson, 1871) are described from the Middle Pleistocene Tham Hai cave locality in northern Vietnam (Lang Son Province). These are the first fossil findings of the Old World fruit bats in Vietnam. The Middle Pleistocene association of Pteropodidae from the Tham Hai locality may largely reflect the composition of species that roosted in local caves.
Finds of skulls of juvenile Kurdalagonus maicopicus (Сetacea, Cetotheriidae) in the upper Miocene of the Republic of Adygea
Authors: Tarasenko K. K.
Published: November 2024

Fragments of two skulls of young cetotherium baleen whales have been described from the Fortep’yanka 2 locality (Russia, Republic of Adygea, Maikop district, Fortep’yanka river valley, Upper Miocene, Upper Sarmatian, Blinovskaya Formation). Based on the morphology of the posterior (mastoid) process of the petrous bone, the structure of the posterior edge of the temporal fenestra, and the S-shaped shape of the superoccipital ridges, the finds were attributed to Kurdalagonus maicopicus (Spasskii, 1951). The proportions of the skull and the degree of closure of the sutures of the skull made it possible to determine the individual age of these whales within a year. New findings significantly complement the data on the structure of the sutures of the lateral wall of the skull and age-related variability of cranial morphology in representatives of the genus Kurdalagonus.
Fauna and landscapes of the Southern Minusinsk basin (southern Siberia) at the end of the late pleistocene
Authors: Malikov D. G.
Published: November 2024

The paleolandscapes of the first half of MIS 2 or the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) were reconstructed based on the study of the first mammoth fauna locality in the Abakan River valley and comparison with other localities in the South Minusinsk Basin. The sediments in the geological section of Uytag are represented by interlayers of silts, underlain and overlain by sandstone rock slack fragment, interpreted as weakly eroded deluvium. The study of the Uytag locality made it possible to clarify the time and range of distribution in southern Siberia of some mammal species Ovis ammon, Equus ferus, Marmota baibacina, Sicista subtilis, Lagurus lagurus and Microtus gregalis, as well as Pleistocene bird Aquila chrysaetos. The age of the locality is confirmed by radiocarbon dating. The species composition of the fauna is similar to other localities in the region of this age. All known localities and single finds of faunal remains indicate a wide development of open steppe landscapes in the South Minusinsk Basin during the LGM.
Hair coat of the water deer Hydropotes inermis (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) – a new species in the fauna of Russia
Authors: Chernova O. F. , Shchelkanov E. М.
Published: November 2024

For the first time, the hair cover and hair microstructure of an adult male Hydropotes inermis from the Primorsky region of Russia were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The absence of abundant underfur, sparse wool and its weak layering are characteristic of this inhabitant of the temperate monsoon and tropical zones, which does not need an effective thermal protection.The alveolar and lattice medulla of the hair is similar to that of other deer, is well developed, and increases the heat-protective properties of the hair, since seasonal and daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity can be significant. The cuticle pattern is similar to that of deer tribes Alceini and Capreolini. The hair serves as reliable protection for the water deer from mechanical damage when moving through thickets of bushes and grasses along the banks of rivers and swamps in the biotopes that this deer inhabits, which is facilitated by the significant thickness and length of the hairs on the back, sides and thighs. The knotty nature of the hairs protects the deer’s skin from the sharp growths of aquatic and marsh plants.
First discovery of the podocytes in the circulatory system of enigmatic Echiurids (Annelida: Thalassematidae)
Authors: Kuznetsov P. А. , Ereskovsky A. V. , Temereva Е. N.
Published: November 2024

Fine structure of echiurid blood vessels in the proboscis is known in details, but the circulatory system of the trunk remains studied mainly at the level of general anatomy. The investigation of the trunk circulatory system in Bonellia viridis females revealed the presence of specialized podocytes in the ring vessel and anterior part of the ventral vessel. This study allowed to describe podocytes in echiurid circulatory system for the first time. Podocytes of B. viridis are characterized by a typical cellular architecture, which is known for other bilaterians: they consist of a cell body, primary processes, and pedicels that are interconnected via specialized slit diaphragms. The presence of podocytes in the ventral and ring vessels indicates these parts of circulatory system as sites of ultrafiltration in echiurids, i.e., exactly in these palaces, the filtration of plasma occurs through the basal lamina to the body cavity.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Clupeonella abrau (Maliatsky, 1930) (Clupeiformes), an endemic species of freshwater fish from lake Abrau (Russia)
Authors: Karabanov D. P. , Pereboev D. D. , Efeykin B. D. , Kodukhova Y. V. , Kotov A. A.
Published: November 2024

The Abrau sprat (Tyulka or Sardelka) Clupeonella abrau (Maliatsky, 1930) is an endemic fish of Lake Abrau (Krasnodar Territory). The full mitogenome of C. abrau (16650 bp in length, with a conservative gene arrangement for Clupeidae) demonstrates 98.8% similarity with the mitogenome of a related species, the Black Sea-Caspian tulka (C. cultriventris) from the Black Sea. The sequence of the COX1 gene was also studied in a museum specimen collected in Lake Abrau in 1938. Variability in modern Abrau sprat COX1 locus in about 0.15%, the difference between C. abrau and C. cultriventris is 1.2%, and the difference between the Museum and modern samples of tulka from Lake Abrau is 0.92%. It has been confirmed that the Abrau sprat is present in the fish community and capable of reproducing in the lake. Various alternative scenarios for the settlement of Lake Abrau have been proposed.
Combined effect of basic antiherpetic drugs with a new inhibitor of the terminase complex of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Vero cell culture
Authors: Andronona V. L. , Galegov G. A. , Vozdvizhenskaya O. А. , Levit G. L. , Krasnov V. P. , Charushin V. N.
Published: November 2024

More than 90% of the world’s population are carriers of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The infection manifests itself in the formation of blisters and ulcers on the face or genitals, and can cause blindness, encephalitis, and generalized infection. All modern first- and second-line antiherpetic drugs selectively inhibit viral DNA-polymerase. The purine-benzoxazine conjugate LAS-131 [(S)-4-[6-(purin-6-yl)aminohexanoyl]-7,8-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-[1,4]benzoxazine], which we described earlier, uses the large subunit of the HSV-1 terminase complex as a biotarget and selectively inhibits its reproduction in vitro. For the first time, we have obtained fundamentally new results on the combined effect of LAS-131 on human herpesvirus infection with practically significant antiviral compounds – nucleoside analogues (acyclovir [ACV], penciclovir [PCV], ganciclovir [GCV], brivudine [BVDU], iododeoxyuridine [IDU], adenine arabinoside [Ara-A], as well as a nucleoside phosphonate analogue (cidofovir [CDV]) and a pirophosphate analogue (foscarnet [FOS]). Using a inhibition assay of cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by a virus, it was shown that when combined with LAS-131, the concentrations of the compounds in combinations providing inhibition of HSV-1-induced CPE by 50%, decreased by 2 times (additive effect, FOS) or more (synergistic effect, ACV, PCV, GCV, IDU, BVDU, Ara-A, CDV). Reducing the concentrations of agents creates non-permissive conditions for the reproduction of HSV-1 and opens up new real possibilities for controlling human herpesvirus infection.
Plants of various monocot families differ in nitrogen and phosphorus content in leaves
Authors: Betekhtina А. А. , Reutova N. A. , Veselkin D. V.
Published: November 2024

The content of N and P in the leaves of the following five families of monocots was studied: Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Orchidaceae, Iridaceae, Amaryllidaceae. It was found that species of different families of monocots had different N and P content and ratio in their leaves. N content was low in Iridaceae and high in Amaryllidaceae. P content was the lowest in Cyperaceae and Poaceae and the highest in Amaryllidaceae and Iridaceae. The minimum N/P ratio was in Iridaceae, the maximum in Poaceae. Thus, the content of N and P and their ratio is specific in different families of monocots.
Keeping and behaviour of an acorn worm Saccoglossus mereschkowskii (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) in laboratory conditions
Authors: Lukinykh А. I. , Ezhova O. V. , Klochikhina D. А. , Katanova О. M. , Malakhov V. V.
Published: November 2024

The design of the box is described, which allows to keep the acorn worm Saccoglossus mereschkowskii in laboratory conditions for 60 days and to observe its behavior and feeding. The locomotion and constructing of the burrows in the sediment are provided by peristaltic movements of the proboscis, which periodically changes its shape from cylindrical to mushroom-like, and vice versa. Worms build U-shaped burrows connected by flank anastomoses with the burrows of neighboring specimens. As a result, a branched system of passages is formed in a sediment layer up to 8 cm deep. The importance of such a system of enteropneust’s passages for aerating the upper layers of sediment is noted. When feeding, the proboscis sticks out from the anterior opening of the burrow and stretches along the surface of the sediment. Organic particles adhere to the mucus secreted by the epidermal epithelium of the proboscis, and are transported by ciliary beating to the furrow between the collar and proboscis, where the mouth is located.
Impact of interactions between Su(Hw)-dependent insulators on the transvection effect in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Melnikova L. S. , Molodina V. V. , Georgiev P. G. , Golovnin A. K.
Published: November 2024

Transvection is a phenomenon of interallelic communication in which enhancers can activate a specific promoter located on a homologous chromosome. Insulators play a significant role in ensuring functional interactions between enhancers and promoters. In the presented work, we created the model where two or three copies of the insulator are located next to enhancers and promoters localized on homologous chromosomes. Using the Su(Hw) insulator as model, we showed that the functional interaction between a pair of insulators promotes enhancer-promoter trans interactions. The interaction between the three insulators, on the contrary, can lead to the formation of chromatin loops that sterically hinder the full enhancer-promoter interaction. The results of the work suggest the participation of insulators in the regulation of homologous chromosome pairing and in communication between distant genomic loci.
Analysis of natural antibodies during the development of phantom pain syndrome
Authors: Myagkova M. А. , Petrochenko S. N. , Bobrova Z. V. , Orlova E. А.
Published: November 2024

We determined natural antibodies (e-Abs) to the regulators of the main systems of biochemical homeostasis: β-endorphin, serotonin, dopamine, histamine, orphanin, angiotensin, GABA, glutamate, bradykinin, vasopressin, thrombin, α-2-macroglobulin in individuals with phantom pain syndrome (FBS), resulting from amputation after injury. It has been established that each patient has an individual immunoprofile, but for all of them there is a significant increase in the level of antibodies to serotonin, histamine and angiotensin, which reflect the chronicity of the pain syndrome and do not depend on the self-assessment of the severity of FBS. Determining the role of regulators of biochemical homeostasis in the development of phantom pain showed that with high, moderate and weak severity of FBS, the biogenic amine and angiotensinergic systems are activated. A decrease in FBS intensity normalizes deviations in all immunological parameters. The level of e-Abs for the pain (β-endorphin) and analgesic (orphanin) systems are significant only at low FBS. Monitoring the individual profile of e-Abs to endogenous regulators allows us to obtain an objective picture of the pain status of the patient’s body.
Homeotic DUX4 genes shape dynamic inter-chromosomal contacts with nucleoli in human cells
Authors: Klushevskaya Е. S. , Alembekov I. R. , Kravatsky Yu. V. , Tchurikov N. А.
Published: November 2024

Nucleoli shape inter-chromosomal contacts with genes controlling differentiation and cancer genesis. DUX4 genes specify transcription factor possessing two homeodomains. Previously, using Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4С) approach on population of cells, it was demonstrated that DUX4 gene clusters form frequent contacts with nucleoli. It was found also that these contacts are almost completely abolished after heat shock treatment. 4C approach as all ligation-mediated methods is capable to detect rather close interactions between chromatin loops in nuclei. In order to independently confirm the formation and the frequency of the contacts in single cells we used FISH approach. Here, we show that DUX genes in single cells form stable contacts in all tested HEK293T cells. The contacts after heat shock treatment reversibly retreat up to 1–3 μm distance. We conclude that inter-chromosomal contacts shaping by nucleoli are dynamic and stable providing both the initiation and maintenance of a differentiated state.
On removable singularities of harmonic functions on a stratified set
Authors: Dairbekov N. S. , Penkin O. M. , Savasteev D. V.
Published: November 2024

We consider sets removable for bounded harmonic functions on a stratified set with flat interior strata. We establish that relatively closed sets of finite Hausdorff (n-2)-measure are removable for bounded harmonic functions on an n-dimensional stratified set satisfying the “strong sturdiness” condition.
On a Dini type blow-up condition for solutions of nonlinear higher order differential inequalities
Authors: Kon’kov A. A. , Shishkov A. E.
Published: November 2024

We obtain a Dini type blow-up condition for solutions of the differential inequality∑a=m∂αaα(x,u)≥g(u)inℝn
where m,n≥1are integers and aαand gare some functions.
About tautochronic movements
Authors: Petrov A. G.
Published: November 2024

It is shown that a material point, under the influence of an attractive linear force and a repulsive force inversely proportional to the cube of the distance from the center of attraction, performs a periodic motion, the period of which does not depend on the initial data (tautochronic motion). The problem is reduced to a nonlinear autonomous second-order equation, the general solution of which is expressed in terms of elementary functions. It has also been proven that for other power laws of repulsive force, except for degrees 0, 1 and –3, the movement of a material point is not tautochronous.
Semi-analytical solution of Brent equations
Authors: Kaporin I. E.
Published: November 2024

A parametrization of Brent equations is proposed which admit for a several times reduction of the number of unknowns and equations. The arising equations are solved numerically, and for the resulting fast matrix multiplication algorithms many known values of rank are reproduced and even improved, in particular, the designs (4,4,4;48) and (2,4,5;32) are found.
Getting over wide obstacles by the multi-legged robot
Authors: Golubev Yu. F.
Published: November 2024

An upper estimate of the maximum width of the forbidden zone for foot fulcrums, which a walking robot with many legs can overcome in static stability mode, is presented. Using the mathematical models of six-legged and four-legged robots, it is shown that the obtained estimate can't be improved. For this purpose, the sequences of the robot's foot placement have been formed, ensuring the achievement of the estimation meaning. The dependence of the maximum width of the zone on the length of the body was found for the six-legged robot model.
New cases of integrable ninth-order conservative and dissipative dynamical systems
Authors: Shamolin M. V.
Published: November 2024

New cases of integrable dynamical systems of the ninth order homogeneous in terms of variables are presented, in which a system on a tangent bundle to a four-dimensional manifold can be distinguished. In this case, the force field is divided into an internal (conservative) and an external one, which has a dissipation of a different sign. The external field is introduced using some unimodular transformation and generalizes the previously considered fields. Complete sets of both first integrals and invariant differential forms are given.
The set of Banach limits and its discrete and continuous subsets
Authors: Avdeev N. N. , Zvolinskii R. E. , Semenov E. M. , Usachev A. S.
Published: November 2024

The note states criteria for a Banach limit to belong to discrete or to continuous part of the set of Banach limits. Diameters and radii of these parts are found, too.
On the accuracy of calculating invariants in centered rarefaction waves and in their influence area
Authors: Ostapenko V. V. , Polunina E. I. , Khandeeva N. A.
Published: November 2024

We perform a comparative analysis of the accuracy of second-order TVD (Total Variation Diminishing), third-order RBM (Rusanov-Burstein-Mirin), and fifth-order in space and third-order in time A-WENO (Alternative Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) difference schemes for solving a special Cauchy problem for shallow water equations with discontinuous initial data. The exact solution of this problem contains a centered rarefaction wave and does not contain a shock wave. It is shown that in the centered rarefaction wave and its influence area, the solutions of these three schemes with different orders converge to different invariants of the exact solution. This leads to a decrease in the accuracy of these schemes when calculating the vector of base variables of the considered Cauchy problem. The P-form of the first differential approximation of the difference schemes is used for the theoretical justification of these numerical results.
Compactification of spaces of measures and pseudocompactness
Authors: Bogachev V. I.
Published: November 2024

We prove pseudocompactness of a Tychonoff space X and the space P(X) of Radon probability measures on it with the weak topology under the condition that the Stone–ech compactification of the space P(X) is homeomorphic to the space P(βX) of Radon probability measures on the Stone–ech compactification of the space X.