bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypertension after the Menopause: What Can We Learn from Experimental Studies?
Authors: Piťha J , Vaněčková I , Zicha J
Published: August 2023

Hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease of the adult population and is closely associated with serious cardiovascular events. The burden of hypertension with respect to vascular and other organ damage is greater in women. These sex differences are not fully understood. The unique feature in women is their transition to menopause accompanied by profound hormonal changes that affect the vasculature that are also associated with changes of blood pressure. Results from studies of hormone replacement therapy and its effects on the cardiovascular system are controversial, and the timing of treatment after menopause seems to be important. Therefore, revealing potential sex- and sex hormone-dependent pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension in experimental studies could provide valuable information for better treatment of hypertension and vascular impairment, especially in postmenopausal women. The experimental rat models subjected to ovariectomy mimicking menopause could be useful tools for studying the mechanisms of blood pressure regulation after menopause and during subsequent therapy.
STRATEGI MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI TIM KREATIF PROGRAM ACARA PENCARIAN BAKAT Dâ€™ACADEMY ASIA DI INDOSIAR
Authors: Putra Dias Suminta Suria , Nurohmat Nurohmat , Ingratubun Adrian
Published: August 2023

Indosiar merupakan stasiun televisi yang secara konsisten mengangkat musik dangdut, tidak saja secara nasional tetapi sudah mencapai level Asia. Program Dâ€™ Academy Asia, yang melibatkan peserta dari berbagai negara di Asia Tenggara, bahkan sudah berhasil mencapai musim ke-4. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana manajemen produksi tim kreatif program acara pencarian bakat Dâ€™Academy Asia di Indosiar. Paradigma penelitian ini adalah kontruktivis dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dan menggunakan studi kasus. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan executive produser, associate produser, dan tim kreatif produksi Indosiar. Selain itu, metode analisa data dalam penelitian ini adalah secara kualitatif yang bersumber dari data primer melalui hasil wawancara dengan tim kreatif.

Untuk mendukung hasil penelitian, digunakan data sekunder dari hasil kaji pustaka. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa tim kreatif mempertimbangkan beberapa hal berikut ini ; pembaharuan konten dan gimmick, pemilihan bintang tamu, dan pemilihan juri. Kesimpulan yang bisa diambil berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut adalah manajemen produksi TV sangat penting bagi keberlangsungan suatu program TV, terutama yang disiarkan secara langsung (live). Pada akhirnya, manajemen tim kreatif tersebut mampu mempertahankan rating dan share Dâ€™ Academy Asia sampai musim ke 4.

 

Kata kunci : Manajemen, Produksi, Tim Kreatif, Pencarian Bakat, Dâ€™Academy.
A 2-es típusú cukorbetegség kapcsolata a szorongásos és az affektív zavarokkal
Authors: Torzsa Péter , Hargittay Csenge , Torzsa Gergely , Tripolszky Bálint , Rihmer Zoltán , Gonda Xénia
Published: August 2023

A 2-es típusú cukorbetegség, illetve a depresszió és a szorongás egyaránt népbetegség, és gyakran fordulnak elő együtt. A köztük lévő összefüggés komplex. Szerepet játszhatnak benne közös etiológiai tényezők, mint a genetikai háttér, a stresszrendszer és a szimpatikus idegrendszer aktiválódása, az immunrendszer működési zavara és az emelkedett gyulladásos citokinek, a központi idegrendszer elváltozásai, valamint életmódbeli és társadalmi-gazdasági tényezők. Másrészről a köztük lévő kapcsolat kétirányú: a diabetes a betegségterhen és a diabeteses distresszen keresztül, valamint a kialakult szövődmények életminőségre gyakorolt negatív hatásán keresztül növelheti a depresszió és a szorongás kialakulásának az esélyét, a depresszió és a szorongás pedig az öngondoskodásra gyakorolt negatív hatáson keresztül vezethet cukorbetegséghez, valamint a depresszió kezelésére használt antidepresszívumok is befolyásolhatják a szénhidrátháztartást. A cukorbetegség és a depresszió, szorongás közti kapcsolatra fontos felhívni a szakemberek figyelmét, mert a pszichés tünetek szűrésével csökkenthető a komorbiditásból származó betegségteher.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre el cáncer cervicouterino en usuarias del Centro Oncológico Santa Elena
Authors:   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Maggi Garcés Bertha Leonor , Tumbaco Villao Anallely Elizabeth ,   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Villón Lainez Narcisa Janeth ,   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Cacao Bailón Marcos Luís ,   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena
Published: August 2023

El cáncer cervicouterino es considerado un grave problema de salud a nivel mundial, ubicándose entre los más importantes y los más frecuentes en las mujeres. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre el cáncer cervicouterino en las usuarias del Centro Oncológico de la Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer de la provincia de Santa Elena. Se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva transversal, en 77 usuarias de este establecimiento de salud, el instrumento de recolección de datos fue una encuesta para evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre los conceptos generales y medidas preventivas del cáncer cervicouterino. Los resultados registraron un 52% de la población con nivel bajo de conocimiento en temas generales del cáncer cervicouterino, mientras que, en los temas sobre medidas de prevención el 56% de la población registró un nivel de conocimiento medio. Se concluye que existe un evidente déficit de conocimientos en las usuarias que acuden a este Centro Oncológico.
Research progress on correlations between trace element levels and epilepsy
Authors: Liu Wanyu , Xu Jingqing , Zhang Linhai , Li Fangjing , Zhang Lijia , Tai Zhenzhen , Yang Juan , Zhang Haiqing , Tuo Jinmei , Yu Changyin , Xu Zucai
Published: August 2023

Research investigating the correlation between human trace element levels and disease alterations is growing. Epilepsy, a common nervous system disease, has also been found to be closely related to abnormal levels of trace elements. Studies continue to explore mechanisms of various trace elements involved in epileptic seizures through experimental animal models of epilepsy. Thus, we reviewed the research progress on the correlation between trace element levels and epilepsy in recent years and found that the trace elements most closely related to epilepsy are mainly metal ions such as selenium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. These results indicate that the changes in some trace elements are closely related to the increase in epilepsy susceptibility. In addition, after treatment with drugs and a ketogenic diet, the concentration of trace elements in the serum of patients with epilepsy changes. In other words, the abnormality of trace element concentrations is of great significance in the occurrence and development of epilepsy. This article is a literature update on the potential role of trace element imbalance in the development of epilepsy, providing new references for the subsequent prevention and treatment of epilepsy.
Lessons in aging from Myc knockout mouse models
Authors: Prochownik Edward V. , Wang Huabo
Published: August 2023

Despite MYC being among the most intensively studied oncogenes, its role in normal development has not been determined as Myc−/− mice do not survival beyond mid-gestation. Myc ± mice live longer than their wild-type counterparts and are slower to accumulate many age-related phenotypes. However, Myc haplo-insufficiency likely conceals other important phenotypes as many high-affinity Myc targets genes continue to be regulated normally. By delaying Myc inactivation until after birth it has recently been possible to study the consequences of its near-complete total body loss and thus to infer its normal function. Against expectation, these “MycKO” mice lived significantly longer than control wild-type mice but manifested a marked premature aging phenotype. This seemingly paradoxical behavior was potentially explained by a >3-fold lower lifetime incidence of cancer, normally the most common cause of death in mice and often Myc-driven. Myc loss accelerated the accumulation of numerous “Aging Hallmarks”, including the loss of mitochondrial and ribosomal structural and functional integrity, the generation of reactive oxygen species, the acquisition of genotoxic damage, the detrimental rewiring of metabolism and the onset of senescence. In both mice and humans, normal aging in many tissues was accompaniued by the downregulation of Myc and the loss of Myc target gene regulation. Unlike most mouse models of premature aging, which are based on monogenic disorders of DNA damage recognition and repair, the MycKO mouse model directly impacts most Aging Hallmarks and may therefore more faithfully replicate the normal aging process of both mice and humans. It further establishes that the strong association between aging and cancer can be genetically separated and is maintained by a single gene.
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp-115 inhibit Helicobacter pylori colonization and gastric inflammation in a murine model
Authors: Shen Siqi , Ren FeiFei , Qin Haiming , Bukhari Ihtisham , Yang Jing , Gao Dafang , Ouwehand Arthur C. , Lehtinen Markus J. , Zheng Pengyuan , Mi Yang
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To determine the role of Lactobacillus strains and their combinations in inhibiting the colonization of H. pylori and gastric mucosa inflammation.

Methods

Human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells were incubated with H. pylori and six probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, L. acidophilus La-14, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp-115, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Lr-32, and L. rhamnosus GG) and the adhesion ability of H. pylori in different combinations was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and urease activity assay. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups (uninfected, H. pylori, H. pylori+NCFM, H. pylori+Lp-115, and H. pylori+NCFM+Lp-115) and treated with two lactobacilli strains (NCFM and Lp-115) for six weeks. H. pylori colonization and tissue inflammation statuses were determined by rapid urease test, Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR and ELISA.

Results

L. acidophilus NCFM, L. acidophilus La-14, L. plantarum Lp-115, L. paracasei Lpc-37, L. rhamnosus Lr-32, and L. rhamnosus GG reduced H. pylori adhesion and inflammation caused by H. pylori infection in AGS cells and mice. Among all probiotics L. acidophilus NCFM and L. plantarum, Lp-115 showed significant effects on the H. pylori eradication and reduction of inflammation in-vitro and in-vivo. Compared with the H. pylori infection group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in the six Lactobacillus intervention groups were significantly reduced. The changes in the urease activity (ureA and ureB) for 1-7h in each group showed that L. acidophilus NCFM, L. acidophilus La-14, L. plantarum Lp-115, and L. rhamnosus GG effectively reduced the colonization of H. pylori. We observed a higher ratio of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration into the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa and neutrophil infiltration in H. pylori+NCFM+Lp-115 mice. The infiltration of inflammatory cells in lamina propria of the gastric mucosa was reduced in the H. pylori+NCFM+Lp-115 group. Additionally, the expression of IFN-γ was decreased significantly in the NCFM and Lp-115 treated C57BL/6 mice.

Conclusions

L. acidophilus NCFM and L. plantarum Lp-115 can reduce the adhesion of H. pylori and inhibit the gastric inflammatory response caused by H. pylori infection.
An empirical method to compensate the NMR calibrated porosity of the tight volcanic rocks based on comprehensive laboratory studies
Authors: Xiao Yufeng , Ge Xinmin , Xiao Gaojie , Wang Chengrong , Xu Hongjun , Xiao Juanjuan , Kang Chujuan
Published: August 2023

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) response is known to deviate from the true value for the volcanic reservoirs, particularly when the pore throat size is ultralow. Consequently, the related petrophysical parameters such as porosity, permeability, and pore size distribution from NMR measurements are greatly influenced. An empirical method to correct the NMR calibrated porosity for the tight volcanic rocks is proposed after comprehensive investigations of influential factors combined with mineralogical and petrophysical analyses. The laboratory result indicates that the relative porosity deviation is negatively correlated with the geometric mean of the transversal relaxation time (T2) but positively correlated with the clay content. Moreover, both the paramagnetic materials, such as the manganese (Mn) content, and the diamagnetic materials, such as the magnesium (Mg) content, contribute to the NMR relaxation intensity reduction but with different mechanisms. The NMR calibrated porosity can be compensated through multiple regressions with these controlling factors, which can be generalized to other tight volcanic reservoirs.
Bioconcentration and translocation of rare earth elements in plants collected from three legacy mine sites in Portugal
Authors: Forsyth Kaisa , Dia Aline , Marques Rosa , Prudêncio Maria Isabel , Diamantino Catarina , Carvalho Edgar , Russo Dulce , Dionisio Isabel , Davranche Melanie , Bouhnik-Le-Coz Martine , Pédrot Mathieu
Published: August 2023

Rare earth elements (REE), a group of emerging contaminants with commercial and technological applications, share many physical and chemical characteristics and have thus been used as accurate tracers of various environmental samples. They have been shown to increase in receiving waters following the dissolution of host-rock material during mining activities. In this study, spontaneous vegetation and related media were collected from three Portuguese legacy mine sites in November 2020 to evaluate the phytoavailability and fate of REE. Water, soil and plant data were analyzed in the context of the 1) prevailing geochemical context, 2) the mining context, and 3) plant effects. This study presents the REE signatures for different plant species and links the signatures to a potential source of bioavailable REE. The REE accumulated in plant tissue seems to reflect the REE signature of surface waters in the mining areas, showing enrichment in middle REE. Although the soils, sediments, and waters in this study had similar features, certain plants seemed better adapted to translocating Light REE and Eu over others. Given that REE are readily available within the field conditions of a mining site, this study shows how plant physiology and biologic preference towards particular REE contribute to the fractionation of REE and create a unique signature dependent on plant type.
Effect of the position of the PCM on the thermal behavior of a multilayer wall of a building in summer period
Authors: Lajimi Nour , Boukadida Noureddine
Published: August 2023

In Tunisia, this sector will occupy the first place in terms of energy consumption in a few years. To remedy this, we must move towards renewable energy sources that partially or totally replace fossil fuels such as oil, coal, etc., and developing ways to make the building more energy efficient in order to save and reduce energy consumption while working to ensure better comfort for the occupant. This work deals with a numerical study based on the nodal method using software (DIGITAL Visual FORTRAN95) to predict the effect of integrating a PCM layer on the thermal behavior of a two-zone building. The effect of the location of the PCM in the wall on its thermal behavior is demonstrated, and the thermal performance of the PCM is demonstrated by considering energy indicators based on the indoor air temperature and the indoor and outdoor surface temperature of the building. It was concluded that the incorporation of PCM into the building envelope increased its thermal inertia, directly influencing the perception of thermal comfort. This indicates that the use of PCM can contribute to improved thermal performance and a more comfortable indoor environment.
Highly effective adsorption and passivation of Cd from wastewater and soil by MgO- and Fe3O4-loaded biochar nanocomposites
Authors: Ding Hua , Liu Jie , Li Qibiao , Liu Zhichen , Xia Kai , Hu Ling , Wu Xiaoxu , Yan Qian
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The application of Fe- (BC-Fe) and Mg-modified (BC-Mg) biochars for the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil has become a research hotspot in recent years. It is critical to select suitable biochar for soil rejuvenation under the same pollution condition.

Methods: In this study, the biochars were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the adsorption and passivation effects of BC-Fe and BC-Mg were comprehensively evaluated through batch adsorption experiments and soil incubation experiments, and the effects of Cd-contaminated soil on plant growth were also demonstrated by pot experiments.

Results: SEM, FTIR, and XRD showed that MgO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully loaded on the biochar surface. The maximum adsorption efficiencies of BC-Fe and BC-Mg for Cd were 52.63 and 66.23 mg g−1, which was 9.05 and 7.19 times higher than that of the original biochar (7.32 mg g−1), respectively. Soil culture experiment showed that 5% BC-Fe and BC-Mg significantly reduced soil DTPA-Cd content by 38.86% and 50.85% at 120 days, respectively. In addition, BC-Fe and BC-Mg promoted the conversion of acid-soluble Cd to the oxidizable and residual states. Pot experiments revealed that BC-Fe and BC-Mg reduced the Cd content in shoots of the maize by 3.97 and 6.09 times, respectively, and both significantly increased the dry and fresh weights of the shoots and roots of the maize plants. Moreover, BC, BC-Fe, and BC-Mg provided nutrients required for plant growth to the soil and increased the activities of soil dehydrogenase, urease, and peroxidase. The adsorption–passivation mechanism of BC-Fe on Cd mainly included electrostatic attraction, while the adsorption–passivation mechanism of BC-Mg on Cd included precipitation and ion exchange.

Discussion: Overall, the results showed that BC-Mg can be used as an efficient functional material for heavy-metal pollution remediation, and this study provided guidance on the selection of passivator materials for heavy-metal-contaminated soil remediation.
Exploring the mechanism of coordinated development with multi-source data fusion: a case study in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China
Authors: Li Shujing , Wei Yukun
Published: August 2023

Measuring the degree of regional coordinated development and analyzing the factors affecting regional coordinated development are of great significance for assessing the status of regional coordinated development and formulating regional coordinated development strategies. The advancement of remote sensing data and big data provide the possibility to measure the degree of regional coordinated development on a more precise scale. The aim of this study is to use multiple sources of data to construct the evaluation indicator system of coordinated development level and to analyze the mechanism of regional development. All the 200 counties (districts) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region are selected as the study area. By measuring the level of coordinated development of 200 county units in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2012 to 2017, it is found that although the synergy degree at the county level of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is increased, the overall regional synergy degree is still at a low level. The spatial panel model is further used to analyze the factors that influence the coordinated development of all counties. The conclusion is that with the promotion of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development policy, the excessive government intervention, and the imbalance of market allocation in the past in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region have been alleviated. However, the weaknesses in the process of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development are still obvious. The population density and urban size have become the constraints in the process of coordinated development. The degree of opening to the outside world and the investment in the ecological environment construction is still far from enough. These findings enable us to have a clearer assessment of the level of coordinated development and a deeper understanding of the influence mechanism of the regional development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Furthermore, this study might benefit regional development strategy research.
Radiodont frontal appendages from the Fezouata Biota (Morocco) reveal high diversity and ecological adaptations to suspension-feeding during the Early Ordovician
Authors: Potin Gaëtan J.-M. , Gueriau Pierre , Daley Allison C.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The Early Ordovician Fezouata Shale Formation (485–475Ma, Morocco) is a critical source of evidence for the unfolding Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), the largest radiation in animal diversity during the Paleozoic. The Fezouata Shale preserves abundant remains of ancient marine organisms, including hundreds of specimens of radiodonts, a diverse and globally distributed group of stem lineage arthropods that first appeared as raptorial predators during the Cambrian Explosion.

Methods

In this work, we study 121 radiodont frontal appendages from the Fezouata Shale. Frontal appendages are the most commonly preserved body parts of radiodonts, and their well-preserved anatomical characters are crucial for describing taxonomic diversity at the species level, while also providing essential data on mode of life, paleoecology, and feeding behaviour.

Results

Our data allow for a systematic review of suspension-feeding Hurdiidae radiodonts from Fezouata. The genus Pseudoangustidontus is recognised as a radiodont and ascribed to Hurdiidae, and a new second species of this genus is identified, Pseudoangustidontus izdigua sp. nov. Aegirocassis benmoulai is also reviewed and its diagnosis amended with new details of differentiated endites in this appendage. The morphological similarity between both genera allows us to erect Aegirocassisinae subfam. nov., which groups together the suspension-feeding hurdiids of the Fezouata Shale.

Discussion

Suspension-feeding radiodont appendages are more abundant than those of sediment sifting or raptorial radiodonts, with the Fezouata Shale showing the highest diversity of suspension-feeding radiodonts in the history of the group. This dominance and diversity of frontal filter-feeding appendages follows the “Ordovician Plankton Revolution”, which started in the upper Cambrian and saw a huge radiation in plankton diversity.
Natural selection shapes the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Bangladesh
Authors: Habib Mohammad Tanbir , Rahman Saikt , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Howlader Arif Mahmud , Khan Manjur Hossain , Khanam Farhana , Alam Ahmed Nawsher , Chowdhury Emran Kabir , Rahman Ziaur , Rahman Mustafizur , Shirin Tahmina , Qadri Firdausi
Published: August 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved to give rise to a highly transmissive and immune-escaping variant of concern, known as Omicron. Many aspects of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the driving forces behind the ongoing Omicron outbreaks remain unclear. Substitution at the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein is one of the primary strategies of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to hinder recognition by the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and avoid antibody-dependent defense activation. Here, we scanned for adaptive evolution within the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron genomes reported from Bangladesh in the public database GISAID (www.gisaid.org; dated 2 April 2023). The ratio of the non-synonymous (Ka) to synonymous (Ks) nucleotide substitution rate, denoted as ω, is an indicator of the selection pressure acting on protein-coding genes. A higher proportion of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (Ka/Ks or ω > 1) indicates positive selection, while Ka/Ks or ω near zero indicates purifying selection. An equal amount of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions (Ka/Ks or ω = 1) refers to neutrally evolving sites. We found evidence of adaptive evolution within the spike (S) gene of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron isolated from Bangladesh. In total, 22 codon sites of the S gene displayed a signature of positive selection. The data also highlighted that the receptor-binding motif within the RBD of the spike glycoprotein is a hotspot of adaptive evolution, where many of the codons had ω > 1. Some of these adaptive sites at the RBD of the spike protein are known to be associated with increased viral fitness. The M gene and ORF6 have also experienced positive selection. These results suggest that although purifying selection is the dominant evolutionary force, positive Darwinian selection also plays a vital role in shaping the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Bangladesh.
Identification of a novel combination treatment strategy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma stem cells with shikonin and ipilimumab
Authors: Lyu Chen , Stadlbauer Birgit , Wang Lili , Buchner Alexander , Pohla Heike
Published: August 2023

Background

Management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has changed rapidly in recent years with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, only a limited number of patients can sustainably respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and many patients develop resistance to therapy, creating an additional need for therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of systemic therapies.

Methods

Binding probability and target genes prediction using online databases, invasion, migration, and apoptosis assays as well as the inhibition of cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers in ccRCC cell lines were used to select the most promising phytochemicals (PTCs). Mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC) system and flow cytometry were performed to confirm the potential combination strategy. The potential immunotherapeutic targets and novel CSC markers were identified via the NanoString analysis. The mRNA and protein expression, immune signatures as well as survival characteristics of the marker in ccRCC were analyzed via bioinformation analysis.

Results

Shikonin was selected as the most promising beneficial combination partner among 11 PTCs for ipilimumab for the treatment of ccRCC patients due to its strong inhibitory effect on CSCs, the significant reduction of FoxP3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients and activation of the endogenous effector CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ T cells in response to the recognition of tumor specific antigens. Based on NanoString analysis VCAM1, CXCL1 and IL8 were explored as potential immunotherapeutic targets and novel CSC markers in ccRCC. The expression of VCAM1 was higher in the tumor tissue both at mRNA and protein levels in ccRCC compared with normal tissue, and was significantly positively correlated with immune signatures and survival characteristics in ccRCC patients.

Conclusion

We propose that a combination of shikonin and ipilimumab could be a promising treatment strategy and VCAM1 a novel immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of ccRCC.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio as a predictor for immune-related adverse events in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Tan Yifei , Li Yuquan , Liu Jiang
Published: August 2023

Background

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment has led to an increase in immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can cause treatment discontinuation and even fatal reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the peripheral biomarker neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting irAEs.

Methods

A systematic search of databases was conducted to identify studies on the predictive value of NLR for irAEs. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to compare continuous NLR, while crude odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for categorized NLR if adjusted ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were not provided in the original study.

Results

The meta-analysis included 47 studies with a total of 11,491 cancer patients treated with ICIs. The baseline continuous NLR was significantly lower in patients with irAEs compared to those without (SMD=-1.55, 95%CI=-2.64 to -0.46, P=0.006). Similarly, categorized NLR showed that lower baseline NLR was associated with increased irAEs (OR=0.55, 95%CI=0.41-0.73, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the OR for predicting irAEs with NLR cut-off values of 3 and 5 was 0.4 and 0.59, respectively. Interestingly, increased baseline NLR was associated with a higher incidence of immune-related liver injury (OR=2.44, 95%CI=1.23-4.84, I2 = 0%, P=0.010).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that lower baseline NLR is associated with a higher risk of overall irAEs. However, further studies are needed to determine the best cut-off value and explore the efficacy of NLR in predicting specific types of irAEs.
RETRACTED: Tregs depletion aggravates activation of astrocytes by modulating IL-10/GXP4 following cerebral infarction
Authors: Wang Shuai , Shi Yubin , Zhang Yanqi , Yuan Fengyun , Mao Mintao , Ma Jun
Published: August 2023

Background

Tregs plays a critical role in the development of secondary injuries in diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between ischemic stroke and renal dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Tregs in inhibiting the activation of astrocytes after focal cerebral infarction.

Methods

This study aimed to investigate the renal consequences of focal cerebral ischemia by subjecting a mouse model to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Subsequently, we assessed renal fibrosis, renal ferroptosis, Treg infiltration, astrocyte activation, as well as the expression levels of active GPX4, FSP1, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-2 after a 2-week period.

Results

In the tMCAO mouse model, depletion of tregs protected against activation of astrocyte and significantly decreased FSP1, IL-6, IL-2, and NLRP3 expression levels, while partially reversing the changes in Tregs. Mechanistically, tregs depletion attenuates renal fibrosis by modulating IL-10/GPX4 following cerebral infarction.

Conclusion

Tregs depletion attenuates renal fibrosis by modulating IL-10/GPX4 following cerebral infarction.
A novel in-vivo phagocytosis assay to gain cellular insights on sponge-microbe interactions
Authors: Marulanda-Gomez Angela M. , Bayer Kristina , Pita Lucia , Hentschel Ute
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Sponges harbor diverse, specific, and stable microbial communities, but at the same time, they efficiently feed on microbes from the surrounding water column. This filter-feeding lifestyle poses the need to distinguish between three categories of bacteria: food to digest, symbionts to incorporate, and pathogens to eliminate. How sponges discriminate between these categories is still largely unknown. Phagocytosis is conceivable as the cellular mechanism taking part in such discrimination, but experimental evidence is missing. We developed a quantitative in-vivo phagocytosis assay using an emerging experimental model, the sponge Halichondria panicea.

Methods

We incubated whole sponge individuals with different particles, recovered the sponge (host) cells, and tracked the incorporation of these particles into the sponge cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and fluorescent microscopy were used to quantify and verify phagocytic activity, defined here as the population of sponge cells with incorporated particles. Sponges were incubated with a green microalgae to test if particle concentration in the seawater affects the percentage of phagocytic activity, and to determine the timing where the maximum of phagocytic cells are captured in a pulse-chase experiment. Lastly, we investigated the application of our phagocytic assay with other particle types (i.e., fluorescently-labelled bacteria and fluorescent beads).

Results and discussion

The percentage of sponge cells that had incorporated algae, bacteria, and beads ranged between 5 to 24%. These phagocytic sponge cells exhibited different morphologies and sizes depending on the type of particle presented to the sponge. Particle incorporation into sponge cells was positively related to algal concentration in the seawater, suggesting that sponge cells adjust their phagocytic activity depending on the number of particles they encounter. Our results further revealed that sponge phagocytosis initiates within minutes after exposure to the particles. Fluorescent and TEM microscopy rectified algal internalization and potential digestion in sponge cells. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative in-vivo phagocytosis assay established in sponges that could be used to further explore phagocytosis as a cellular mechanism for sponges to differentiate between different microorganisms.
Chinese experience on comparison of clinical efficacy and safety of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of diabetic kidney failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Zhifeng , Jin Yujie , Cheng Jinxiu , Han Xiaoli , Liu Junfen , Liu Shengjun
Published: August 2023

Objective

This meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy and safety of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) in the treatment of diabetic kidney failure.

Methods

Five databases were selected to retrieve research on PD and HD for diabetic kidney failure until 6 August 2022. A fixed-effects or random-effects model was utilized to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (OR) based on the heterogeneity among studies.

Results

Sixteen studies were included. The results showed that patients with diabetic kidney failure treated with PD had lower levels of albumin, total protein, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and higher levels of urine volume, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lower risk of cardiovascular and bleeding events, with significant statistical difference when compared with patients treated with HD (albumin: SMD = −1.22, 95%CI: −1.53, −0.91; total protein: SMD = −0.96, 95%CI: −1.16, −0.77; SBP: SMD = −0.35, 95%CI: −0.64, −0.06; urine volume: SMD = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.40, 0.96; creatinine: SMD = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.72; BUN: SMD = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.25, 0.85; cardiovascular events: OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.28, 0.62; bleeding: OR = 0.41, 95%CI 0.27, 0.62).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis summarized the advantages and disadvantages of PD and HD for treating diabetic kidney failure patients. Compared with HD, PD is more effective in preserving residual kidney function, reducing hemodynamic effect, and lowering the risk of bleeding and cardiovascular events in diabetic kidney failure patients, but it also predisposes to protein-energy malnutrition and increases the risk of infection.
A role for the terminal C5-C9 complement pathway in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sikkeland Liv I. B. , Ueland Thor , Lund May B. , Durheim Michael Thomas , Mollnes Tom Eirik
Published: August 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by damage to the alveolar epithelium, leading to fibrosis and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the interstitium of the lung. In the present study we performed high-resolution proteomic profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from IPF patients and controls, and found that the complement pathway was highly upregulated in IPF. The proteins C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9, all of which are part of the complement end product, TCC, were all upregulated. We also found that TCC levels were increased in plasma among IPF patients compared to controls, after adjustment for age, sex and BMI [mean (SD) 0.62 (0.24) vs. 0.33 (0.10), p = 0.031]. These findings suggest a role for the complement system in the pathogenesis of IPF.
Evaluation and validation of laboratory procedures for the surveillance of ESBL-, AmpC-, and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli from fresh meat and caecal samples
Authors: Hendriksen Rene S. , Cavaco Lina M. , Guerra Beatriz , Bortolaia Valeria , Agersø Yvonne , Svendsen Christina Aaby , Nielsen Hanne Nørgaard , Kjeldgaard Jette Sejer , Pedersen Susanne Karlsmose , Fertner Mette , Hasman Henrik
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL) and AmpC- β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales are widely distributed and emerging in both human and animal reservoirs worldwide. A growing concern has emerged in Europe following the appearance of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the primary production of food animals. In 2013, the European Commission (EC) issued the Implementing Decision on the monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and commensal bacteria. The European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance (EURL-AR) was tasked with providing two laboratory protocols for samples derived from meat and caecal content, respectively, for the isolation of ESBL- and AmpC-producing E. coli (part 1) and carbapenemase-producing (CP) E. coli (part 2). In this study, we describe the current protocols, including the preparatory work for the development.

Methods

Up to nine laboratory procedures were tested using minced meat as the matrix from beef, pork, and chicken as well as six procedures for the caecal content of cattle, pigs, and chicken. Variables included sample volume, pre-enrichment volume, pre-enrichment broth with and without antimicrobial supplementation, and incubation time/temperature. The procedures were evaluated against up to nine E. coli strains harboring different AMR genes and belonging to the three β-lactamase groups.

Results and discussion

The laboratory procedures tested revealed that the most sensitive and specific methodologies were based on a Buffered Peptone Water pre-enrichment of 225 ml to 25 g or 9 ml to 1 g for minced meat and caecal content, respectively, incubated at 37°C overnight, followed by inoculation onto MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime for detecting ESBL- and AmpC-producing E. coli and Chrom ID SMART (Chrom ID CARBA and OXA) for CP E. coli, incubated overnight at 37 and 44°C, respectively. We provided two isolation protocols for the EU-specific monitoring of ESBL- and AmpC- producing E. coli (part 1) and CP E. coli (part 2) from fresh meat (protocol 1) and caecal (protocol 2) samples, which have been successfully implemented by all EU Member States for the monitoring period 2014–2027 (EU 2020/1729).
Metric networks for enhanced perception of non-local semantic information
Authors: Li Jia , Zhou Yu-qian , Zhang Qiu-yan
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Metric learning, as a fundamental research direction in the field of computer vision, has played a crucial role in image matching. Traditional metric learning methods aim at constructing two-branch siamese neural networks to address the challenge of image matching, but they often overlook to cross-source and cross-view scenarios.

Methods

In this article, a multi-branch metric learning model is proposed to address these limitations. The main contributions of this work are as follows: Firstly, we design a multi-branch siamese network model that enhances measurement reliability through information compensation among data points. Secondly, we construct a non-local information perception and fusion model, which accurately distinguishes positive and negative samples by fusing information at different scales. Thirdly, we enhance the model by integrating semantic information and establish an information consistency mapping between multiple branches, thereby improving the robustness in cross-source and cross-view scenarios.

Results

Experimental tests which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method are carried out under various conditions, including homologous, heterogeneous, multi-view, and crossview scenarios. Compared to the state-of-the-art comparison algorithms, our proposed algorithm achieves an improvement of ~1, 2, 1, and 1% in terms of similarity measurement Recall@10, respectively, under these four conditions.

Discussion

In addition, our work provides an idea for improving the crossscene application ability of UAV positioning and navigation algorithm.
New insights into Sirt1: potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke
Authors: Tang Hao , Wen Jun , Qin Ting , Chen Yue , Huang Jiagui , Yang Qinghuan , Jiang Peiran , Wang Ling , Zhao Yong , Yang Qin
Published: August 2023

Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and disability worldwide. However, the majority of patients are currently unable to benefit from intravenous thrombolysis or intravascular mechanical thrombectomy due to the limited treatment windows and serious complications. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1), a nicotine adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzyme, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke due to its ability to maintain brain homeostasis and possess neuroprotective properties in a variety of pathological conditions for the central nervous system. Animal and clinical studies have shown that activation of Sirt1 can lessen neurological deficits and reduce the infarcted volume, offering promise for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarized the direct evidence and related mechanisms of Sirt1 providing neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic stroke. Firstly, we introduced the protein structure, catalytic mechanism and specific location of Sirt1 in the central nervous system. Secondly, we list the activators and inhibitors of Sirt1, which are primarily divided into three categories: natural, synthetic and physiological. Finally, we reviewed the neuroprotective effects of Sirt1 in ischemic stroke and discussed the specific mechanisms, including reducing neurological deficits by inhibiting various programmed cell death such as pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis in the acute phase, as well as enhancing neurological repair by promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the later stage. Our review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the critical role of Sirt1 in cerebral ischemic stroke and to offer novel therapeutic strategies for this condition.
The effectiveness of robotic-assisted upper limb rehabilitation to improve upper limb function in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ho Jocelyn Sze-wing , Ko Koko Shaau-yiu , Law Sheung Wai , Man Gene Chi-wai
Published: August 2023

Background

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) damages corticospinal tracts and descending motor pathways responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the spinal cord, leading to temporary or permanent changes in sensation, motor function, strength, and body function below the site of injury. Cervical SCI (cSCI), which leads to tetraplegia, causes severe functional upper limb (UL) impairments that increase falls risk, limits independence, and leads to difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs). Robotic therapy (RT) has been developed in recent decades as a new treatment approach for people with cervical spinal cord injuries (cSCI). The present review aimed to explore current available evidence and studies regarding the effectiveness of RT for individuals with cSCI in improving UL function, identify current research gaps and future research directions.

Method

This review was conducted by searching PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, and APA PsycInfo for relevant studies published from January 2010 to January 2022. Selected studies were analyzed with a focus on the patients’ self-perception of limited UL function and level of independence in activities of daily living. In addition, the JBI Critical Appraisal checklist was used to assess study quality.

Results

A total of 7 articles involving 87 patients (74 males and 13 females) were included in the analysis, with four studies utilizing exoskeleton and three studies utilizing end-effector robotic devices, respectively. The quality of these studies varied between JBI Critical Appraisal scores of 4 to 8. Several studies lacked blinding and a control group which affected internal validity. Nevertheless, four out of seven studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in outcome measurements on UL function and strength after RT.

Conclusion

This review provided mixed evidence regarding the effectiveness of RT as a promising intervention approach to improve upper limb function in participants with cSCI. Although RT was shown to be safe, feasible, and reduces active therapist time, further research on the long-term effects of UL RT is still needed. Nevertheless, this review serves as a useful reference for researchers to further develop exoskeletons with practical and plausible applications toward geriatric orthopaedics.
Useful outcome measures in INPH patients evaluation
Authors: Mori Laura , Collino Federica , Marzi Annalisa , Pellegrino Lucia , Ponzano Marta , Chiaro Davide Del , Maestrini Sara , Caneva Stefano , Pardini Matteo , Fiaschi Pietro , Zona Gianluigi , Trompetto Carlo ,   Ligurian INPH Study
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a neurological disorder that is potentially reversible and clinically characterized by a specific triad of symptoms, including gait disturbance, cognitive disorders, and urinary incontinence. In INPH assessment, the most commonly used test is the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), but a more comprehensive assessment would be necessary. The first aim of the present study is to verify the sensitivity of a protocol with both clinical and instrumental outcome measures for gait and balance in recognizing INPH patients. The second aim is to verify the most important spatio-temporal parameters in INPH assessment and their possible correlations with clinical outcome measures.

Methods

Between January 2019 and June 2022, we evaluated 70 INPH subjects. We assessed balance performances with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and TUG, both single (ST) and dual task (DT). We also performed an instrumental gait assessment with the GAITRite electronic walkway system, asking the patients to walk on the carpet for one minute at normal speed, fast speed, and while performing a dual task. We compared the results with those of 20 age-matched healthy subjects (HS).

Results

INPH patients obtained statistically significant lower scores at the BBS, SPPB, and TUG DT but not at the TUG ST, likely because the DT involves cognitive factors altered in these subjects. Concerning instrumental gait evaluation, we found significant differences between HS and INPH patients in almost all spatio-temporal parameters except cadence, which is considered a relevant factor in INPH guidelines. We also found significant correlations between balance outcome measures and gait parameters.

Discussion

Our results confirm the usefulness of BBS and suggest improving the assessment with SPPB. Although the TUG ST is the most commonly used test in the literature to evaluate INPH performances, it does not identify INPH; the TUG DT, instead, might be more useful. The GAITRite system is recognized as a quick and reliable tool to assess walking abilities and spatio-temporal parameters in INPH patients, and the most useful parameters are stride length, stride width, speed, and the percentage of double support. Both clinical and instrumental evaluation may be useful in recognizing subjects at risk for falls.