bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Endoscopic Resection of Residual Colonic Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma after Polypectomy
Authors: Choi Jeongmin
Published: November 2020

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are typically found in the stomach, while colonic MALT lymphoma is rarely found. Considering its rarity, definitive treatment of colonic MALT lymphoma has not been established. Different from that in the stomach, Helicobacter pylori infection might play a minor role while determining the treatment of colonic MALT lymphoma. If colonic MALT lymphoma is localized, treatment options are surgical resection, radiation, endoscopic resection, or combination therapy. Here, we report a case of residual colonic MALT lymphoma after endoscopic mucosal resection, which was a 1.5-cm-sized tumor confined to the superficial wall of the rectum. The lesion was successfully treated using the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique. The patient remained disease-free for 4 years. This case provides rationale for endoscopic submucosal dissection treatment as a salvage therapy for residual tumors in properly selected patients with colonic MALT lymphoma.
Introduction: Revisiting the Grotesque in Francophone African Literature
Authors: Arens Sarah , Ford Joseph
Published: November 2020

The introduction provides an overview of the intellectual context for the thematic issue and outlines the complexities around the genesis of Achille Mbembe's 'Provisional Notes on the Postcolony' (1992). It examines how Mbembe's work ushered in a new era of discursive practices that
sought to understand the role of the imagination in the operation of power in contemporary Africa and sketches how the articles of the thematic issue engage with the aesthetics of the grotesque that is a key element in the African political imagination. As a new group of populist leaders in
the West exhibit traits that are reminiscent of Mbembe's articulation of the grotesque, the editors emphasise the need for an expanded vision of the grotesque as it circulates between Africa and the West as part of a far broader and deeply entrenched colonial matrix of power.
Autistic Dreaming: a phenomenological study of dreaming and well-being
Authors:   , Pindar Sally-Ann
Published: November 2020

Whilst there have been a handful of studies into autism and dreaming, it remains a potentially under-researched area. Studies that have been carried out with autistic participants have demonstrated that there are differences in the sleep architecture that produces dreams and in the content of those dreams. Research into the dreaming experiences of other atypical groups or loosely affiliated communities have shown that this activity may indicate a change in their underlying conditions or may be used to monitor the effectiveness of any therapeutic intervention. If correlations between dreaming and the impact on well-being of autistic people can be demonstrated then this same potential for therapeutic support could be applied. To investigate this gap in knowledge, a Thematic Analysis (TA) approach was used which was later supplemented with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Three participants were recruited using a Semi Structured Interview Questionnaire (SSIQ) and the interviews transcribed for analysis. Following a review of the feedback around this initial pilot, the data collection was moved to an on line survey based on the SSIQ. This reached a wider group of potential participants and a further 90 questionnaires were completed. These responses were prepared for a parallel analysis, all the responses were explored in the descriptive TA and 6 of these were selected for the idiopathic IPA. The data provided by the on line questionnaire offered some quantitative data which was used to highlight the qualitative findings. Initial findings have shown an appreciation of the therapeutic benefits of dreaming and links to waking well-being in a variety of ways. An unexpected finding has been the role of dreaming in the construct of a sense of personal identity and how it is perceived in the sense of an autistic self-hood. The study will provide suggestions for further research in the area
RÉFLEXION PSYCHANALYTIQUE SUR L’EXPÉRIENCE DU SOIN EN CONTEXTE HUMANITAIRE
Authors: Smolak1 David , Brunet Louis
Published: November 2020

Les aidants humanitaires font l’expérience de symptômes semblables à ceux dont souffrent les victimes de traumatismes, sans nécessairement avoir vécu directement les événements traumatiques. À ce jour, peu d’espace réflexif a été accordé à la description de l’expérience subjective de ces soignants. Notre article propose divers éléments de réflexion portant sur l’expérience du soin en contexte humanitaire, découlant de l’analyse des données recueillies au cours d’entretiens réalisés auprès de trois aidantes. Nous décrivons sous un angle psychanalytique le contexte dans lequel elles interviennent et nous dressons le portrait de leur expérience psychique subjective, en miroir à celle de leurs patients.
NATURE DE LA SYMPTOMATOLOGIE DÉPRESSIVE POSTNATALE VERSUS NON POSTNATALE : UNE ANALYSE QUALITATIVE
Authors: Goron1 Stéphanie , Dupuis Gilles , des Rivières-Pigeon Catherine , Bédard Marie Josée , Reeves Nicole
Published: November 2020

Il n’y a pas de consensus concernant la spécificité des symptômes de la dépression postnatale (DPP). Cet article rapporte les résultats d’une étude qualitative inductive visant à éclairer les similitudes et les différences entre les symptômes de la DPP vs ceux de la dépression non postnatale (DNP). Le contenu de 20 entretiens de mères en DPP et de 10 mères en DNP a été analysé. Les deux groupes présentent un profil symptomatologique similaire. Les quelques différences observées ne justifient pas la création d’un diagnostic distinct pour la DPP. Toutefois, elles suggèrent des pistes intéressantes pour la prévention de la DPP.
Observatório Transdisciplinar das Religiões no Recife: uma experiência de pluralismo e diálogo | Observatório Transdisciplinar das Religiões no Recife: an experience of pluralism and dialogue
Authors: Souza Mailson Fernandes Cabral de
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem por propósito apresentar uma reflexão crítica sobre a trajetória e experiência do Observatório Transdisciplinar das Religiões no Recife, localizado na Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. Esse grupo de pesquisa e de estudos sobre as religiosidades tem se mostrado, ao longo dos anos, como um espaço privilegiado de diálogo e pluralismo religioso. Com o intuito de traçar o percurso desse grupo e demonstrar como ele se articula com a abordagem transdisciplinar e o conceito de princípio pluralista, apresentaremos a história e as principais ações por ele promovidas ao longo de seus quinze anos existência. Abstract This paper aims to present a critical reflection on the trajectory and experience of the Observatório Transdisciplinar das Religiões no Recife, located at the Catholic University of Pernambuco. This group of research and of studies on religiosity has shown itself, over the years, as a privileged space for dialogue and religious pluralism. In order to trace the path of this group and demonstrate how it is articulated with the transdisciplinary approach and the concept of pluralist principle, we will present the history and the main actions promoted by it over its fifteen years of existence.
A paternidade na visão de mulheres responsáveis por famílias monoparentais em situação de vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Machado Mônica Sperb , Cousseau Bruna Fragoso , Teixeira Karina Scapin , Rigão Gabriela Sarturi , Pereira Caroline Rubin Rossato
Published: November 2020

As famílias monoparentais femininas compõem, juntamente com as demais configurações familiares, a pluralidade dos arranjos familiares no Brasil. Estas têm sido associadas frequentemente às situações de pobreza ou vulnerabilidade social, em que a mulher, responsável pelo sustento do lar e cuidado dos filhos na ausência do cônjuge, vivencia sobrecarga de funções, dentre outras adversidades. Discursos contemporâneos apontam para a relevância da participação paterna na vida dos filhos. Assim, este estudo qualitativo e exploratório objetivou conhecer os significados atribuídos à paternidade na visão de mulheres responsáveis por famílias monoparentais femininas vivendo em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Participaram 10 mães com filhos crianças que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados coletados foram transcritos e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se a percepção de protagonismo materno nas famílias, sendo a ausência paterna sentida no domínio financeiro e disciplinar. O afastamento paterno teve também implicações significativas ao relacionamento coparental, sendo raro o compartilhamento de tarefas entre as mães e os pais ou outras referências da família paterna. Apesar de pouco contarem com o pai das crianças, o distanciamento dos conflitos conjugais foi referido como tendo impactado positivamente o bem-estar de algumas famílias, demonstrando que a participação paterna deve ser pensada em níveis de qualidade e não apenas de presença ou ausência.
Trotes na universidade e violências: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Roso Adriane , De Souza Janine Gudolle , Pacheco Maria Luiza Leal , Dos Santos Catiele
Published: November 2020

A pesquisa foca nos ritos de iniciação dos(as) calouros(as) nas universidades (trote) brasileiras, com o intuito de compreender as origens históricas do trote e seus significados, tornar evidente as violências de gênero e identificar as intervenções propostas para prevenir e tratar as consequências psicológicas dos/as sobreviventes. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada por meio da busca por artigos publicados em revistas brasileiras revisadas por pares. Ficou saliente que a recepção das(os) calouras(os) é sustentada e engendrada por inequidades de gênero. Conclui-se que há necessidade de envolvimento da comunidade em reflexões éticas e na criação de políticas sobre o trote.
Repercussões emocionais em mulheres que sofreram violência obstétrica
Authors: Assis Karina Goes de , Meurer Fernanda
Published: November 2020

A violência obstétrica (VO) é um assunto atual e vem despertando o interesse em vários segmentos da sociedade brasileira, bem como na comunidade científica. Refere-se a um conjunto de violências sofrida por mulheres durante a gestação, o parto, período de puerpério ou processo de abortagem, que podem ser de caráter físico, verbal ou psicológico. Este artigo refere-se a uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva e exploratória, que teve como objetivo analisar as repercussões da VO em mulheres, conhecer as repercussões emocionais de mulheres que sofreram VO, identificar mudanças na vida sexual e impactos no exercício da maternidade dessas mulheres. Para tanto, foram utilizados relatos de mulheres que sofreram VO publicados em blogs de domínio público. Os dados coletados foram analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin e organizados em categorias: impacto emocional na vida das mulheres; impacto nas primeiras interações mãe-bebê e delay para compreender a VO.  Através dessa pesquisa foi possível averiguar que buscar a humanização do parto, informar as mulheres com relação aos seus direitos e incluir o combate a VO na formação dos profissionais de saúde é a forma mais eficiente de combater a VO.
Impostorismo e perfeccionismo desadaptativo na formação médica: uma revisão à luz da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental
Authors: König Luiz , Palma Priscila
Published: November 2020

Impostorismo e perfeccionismo desadaptativo apresentam significativa prevalência na população de estudantes de Medicina. Relacionadas à ansiedade e à depressão, causam sofrimento psíquico, prejuízo acadêmico e outros impactos sobre a saúde física e mental dos indivíduos afetados. O presente estudo consistiu em uma revisão narrativa da literatura atinente ao tema, com o objetivo de introduzi-lo a educadores e acadêmicos envolvidos com a formação médica no Brasil. Guiou-se pela hipótese de que os fenômenos têm origem em esquemas disfuncionais de pensamento, emoções e comportamentos, sendo assim passíveis de prevenção e tratamento por técnicas de Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado pelas bases PsycNET, PubMed, BVS e SciELO até maio de 2020, utilizando-se os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e da Terminologia em Psicologia da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), sem prejuízo de outras fontes de consulta. Embora sejam praticamente inexistentes os dados disponíveis na literatura nacional até o momento, verificou-se que têm crescido os trabalhos estrangeiros sobre o assunto. Estes sustentam que a população médica é particularmente acometida por tais síndromes em razão de processos psicológico-cognitivos que podem desenvolver-se durante a infância e a adolescência e manifestar-se no início da vida adulta, sendo deflagrados por circunstâncias ambientais ligadas ao curso. De acordo com a literatura estudada, é possível prevenir ou mitigar as manifestações clínicas do impostorismo e do perfeccionismo desadaptativo por meio de intervenções cognitivo-comportamentais. Porém, são também necessárias ações em âmbito social e institucional que promovam mudanças na cultura médica e em sua formação.
Limitação terapêutica em oncologia pediátrica
Authors: Monteiro Daniela Trevisan , Trentin Leonardo Soares , Rolim Danusa Scremin , Siqueira Aline Cardoso
Published: November 2020

Este estudo possui como objetivo compreender a perspectiva de profissionais da saúde, de uma unidade de oncologia pediátrica, sobre limitação terapêutica no tratamento de pacientes infantis em processo de morte. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória de cunho qualitativo, realizada em hospital de ensino. Foram entrevistados ao todo 16 profissionais da saúde que atuam em unidade de oncologia pediátrica. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo para a interpretação dos dados. Os resultados apontaram que o conhecimento sobre limitação terapêutica apresentado pelos profissionais versa a partir da experiência de cada um. Foram apresentadas dificuldades de comunicação à família, falta de consenso sobre as decisões entre os médicos e não participação da equipe multiprofissional em qualquer etapa do processo decisório. A distanásia com criança ainda acontece, mas é evitada por gerar sofrimento. Ao prestar assistência ao paciente infantil oncológico, a equipe deve atuar como uma unidade de cuidado. Aponta-se a importância do trabalho multiprofissional como meio de facilitar as decisões médicas que devem ser tomadas.
Large domain movements through the lipid bilayer mediate substrate release and inhibition of glutamate transporters
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Boudker Olga
Published: November 2020

Glutamate transporters are essential players in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the brain, where they maintain extracellular glutamate below cytotoxic levels and allow for rounds of transmission. The structural bases of their function are well established, particularly within a model archaeal homolog, sodium, and aspartate symporter GltPh. However, the mechanism of gating on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane remains ambiguous. We report Cryo-EM structures of GltPh reconstituted into nanodiscs, including those structurally constrained in the cytoplasm-facing state and either apo, bound to sodium ions only, substrate, or blockers. The structures show that both substrate translocation and release involve movements of the bulky transport domain through the lipid bilayer. They further reveal a novel mode of inhibitor binding and show how solutes release is coupled to protein conformational changes. Finally, we describe how domain movements are associated with the displacement of bound lipids and significant membrane deformations, highlighting the potential regulatory role of the bilayer.
Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables
Authors: Li Xiaoran , Ge Peilin , Zhu Jocelyn , Li Haifang , Graham James , Singer Adam , Richman Paul S. , Duong Tim Q.
Published: November 2020

Background

This study aimed to develop a deep-learning model and a risk-score system using clinical variables to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Methods

This retrospective study consisted of 5,766 persons-under-investigation for COVID-19 between 7 February 2020 and 4 May 2020. Demographics, chronic comorbidities, vital signs, symptoms and laboratory tests at admission were collected. A deep neural network model and a risk-score system were constructed to predict ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. Prediction performance used the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC).

Results

The top ICU predictors were procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin and oxygen saturation. The top mortality predictors were age, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, cardiac troponin, C-reactive protein and oxygen saturation. Age and troponin were unique top predictors for mortality but not ICU admission. The deep-learning model predicted ICU admission and mortality with an AUC of 0.780 (95% CI [0.760–0.785]) and 0.844 (95% CI [0.839–0.848]), respectively. The corresponding risk scores yielded an AUC of 0.728 (95% CI [0.726–0.729]) and 0.848 (95% CI [0.847–0.849]), respectively.

Conclusions

Deep learning and the resultant risk score have the potential to provide frontline physicians with quantitative tools to stratify patients more effectively in time-sensitive and resource-constrained circumstances.
Development of an ABS Nanocomposite Material and Its Application to a Fire-Resistant Glazing System - Part I: Development of an ABS Nanocomposite Material
Authors: Kang Sungwook , Kwon Minjae , Choi J. Yoon
Published: November 2020

This study is focused on the development of a curtain-wall-type fire-resistant glazing system to contribute to both energy efficiency and fire safety of a building. The weakness of the aluminum frame on thermal insulation was supplemented by an ABS nanocomposite material with a superior thermal insulation performance. It contained (i) a maleic-anhydride-grafted ABS to improve the dispersion of clay, (ii) nanoscale clay, and (iii) intumescent material to retard the combustion on the exposed surface of the polymer. A series of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, LFA, and cone calorimetry tests were carried out to analyze the degree of improvement in flame retardancy and optimize the compound ratio. In Part II (the authors’ companion paper), the ABS nanocomposite material based on the optimized compound ratio was scaled up for application to a fire-resistant glazing system in industries. Bench- and full-scale tests were performed to confirm the system’s performances in terms of both thermal resistance and insulation.
Development of an ABS Nanocomposite Material and Its Application to a Fire-Resistant Glazing System - Part II: Development of a Curtain-Wall-Type Fire-Resistant Glazing System
Authors: Kang Sungwook , Kwon Minjae , Choi J. Yoon , Park Jae Wan
Published: November 2020

This study is focused on the development of a curtain-wall-type fire-resistant glazing system to contribute to both energy efficiency and fire safety of a building. The development of an ABS nanocomposite material and its improvement in flammability are presented in Part I (the authors’ companion paper). In this study, the ABS nanocomposite material was scaled up for application to a fire-resistant glazing system in industries. A bench-scale test was designed to quantitatively analyze the frame’s heat transfer performance. To manufacture a pilot model of the glazing system, a glazing part was designed based on numerical simulations of thermal insulation. The performance of the entire glazing system was tested on a full scale in terms of thermal resistance and insulation.
Waist to Hip Ratio and Intelligent Quotient; Any Association in a Sample of Nigerian Female Population?
Authors: Oghenemavwe Loveday Ese , Mukoro Blessing Ufuoma
Published: November 2020

The assumption that intelligence and wait-to-hip ratio are inversely correlated has been a subject of debate. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between waist-top-hip ratio and intelligence quotient. A total of one hundred and fifty Nigerian women between the ages of 18 to 28 years volunteered for the study. A modified method of Stanford Binet test for intelligent quotient was administered together with the measurement of the waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) to determine the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). In addition to assessing the relationship of WHR and IQ of the whole volunteers, the volunteers were further grouped into four categories based on WHR to evaluate how WHR relate to IQ in each group. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test and test of correlation value at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the present study shows that the average age, WC, HC, WHR, IQ and correlation value (r2 ) of the volunteers were 22.49 years, 72.17 cm, 96.51 cm, 0.75, 53.35, 0.0009 respectively. The Pearson correlation values were poor and insignificant (P= .05) for all classes of WHR versus IQ. The study shows the correlation between WHR and IQ is poor and not significant and therefore does not support the assumption that WHR is inversely correlated to IQ.
Homelessness, mental illness, COVID‐19 and SUD handled by Hawaii BHA
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2020

Hawaii's substance use disorder (SUD) treatment system has had successes with COVID‐19 and homelessness in the last seven months, and with integrating care in the last few years. Last week, ADAW talked to Edward Mersereau, deputy director of Hawaii's Behavioral Health Administration (BHA) in the Department of Health and the state's Single State Authority in charge of the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) block grant, and his team members about how the program is working.
Genotype–phenotype correlation in seven motor neuron disease families with novel ALS2 mutations
Authors: Sprute Rosanne , Jergas Hannah , Ölmez Akgün , Alawbathani Salem , Karasoy Hatice , Dafsari Hormos Salimi , Becker Kerstin , Daimagüler Hülya‐Sevcan , Nürnberg Peter , Muntoni Francesco , Topaloglu Haluk , Uyanik Gökhan , Cirak Sebahattin
Published: November 2020

Autosomal‐recessive mutations in the Alsin Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ALS2) gene may cause specific subtypes of childhood‐onset progressive neurodegenerative motor neuron diseases (MND). These diseases can manifest with a clinical continuum from infantile ascending hereditary spastic paraplegia (IAHSP) to juvenile‐onset forms with or without lower motor neuron involvement, the juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (JPLS) and the juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS). We report 11 patients from seven unrelated Turkish and Yemeni families with clinical signs of IAHSP or JPLS. We performed haplotype analysis or next‐generation panel sequencing followed by Sanger Sequencing to unravel the genetic disease cause. We described their clinical phenotype and analyzed the pathogenicity of the detected variants with bioinformatics tools. We further reviewed all previously reported cases with ALS2‐related MND. We identified five novel homozygous pathogenic variants in ALS2 at various positions: c.275_276delAT (p.Tyr92CysfsTer11), c.1044C>G (p.Tyr348Ter), c.1718C>A (p.Ala573Glu), c.3161T>C (p.Leu1054Pro), and c.1471+1G>A (NM_020919.3, NP_065970.2). In our cohort, disease onset was in infancy or early childhood with rapid onset of motor neuron signs. Muscle weakness, spasticity, severe dysarthria, dysphagia, and facial weakness were common features in the first decade of life. Frameshift and nonsense mutations clustered in the N‐terminal Alsin domains are most prevalent. We enriched the mutational spectrum of ALS2‐related disorders with five novel pathogenic variants. Our study indicates a high detection rate of ALS2 mutations in patients with a clinically well‐characterized early onset MND. Intrafamilial and even interfamilial diversity in patients with identical pathogenic variants suggest yet unknown modifiers for phenotypic expression.
A comparative study for the behavior of 3D‐printed and compression molded PLA/POSS nanocomposites
Authors: Meyva‐Zeybek Yelda , Kaynak Cevdet
Published: November 2020

Because of the biocompatible and nontoxic character of both PLA (polylactide) and POSS (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane) nanoparticles, recently being a significant alternative for biomedical parts; the main purpose of this study was to investigate performance of the 3D‐printed PLA/POSS nanocomposites with respect to the compression molded PLA/POSS specimens. Due to the higher uniformity and higher homogeneity in the distribution of POSS nanoparticles in each PLA matrix layer, mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, and toughness) revealed that the improvements in the strength, elastic modulus and fracture toughness values of the 3D‐printed specimens were much higher compared to their compression molded counterparts, the benefits starting from 13% increasing up to 78%. It was also observed that there was almost no deterioration in the physical structure and mechanical properties of the 3D‐printed specimens, even after keeping them 120 days at 37°C in a physiological solution prepared by using the standard PBS (phosphate buffered saline) tablet.
Heads and tails: The notochord develops differently in the cranium and caudal fin of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar, L.)
Authors: Kryvi Harald , Nordvik Kari , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Eilertsen Mariann , Helvik Jon Vidar , Støren Eivind Nagel , Long John H.
Published: November 2020

While it is well known that the notochord of bony fishes changes over developmental time, less is known about how it varies across different body regions. In the development of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., cranial and caudal ends of the notochord are overlaid by the formation of the bony elements of the neurocranium and caudal fin, respectively. To investigate, we describe how the notochord of the cranium and caudal fin changes from embryo to spawning adult, using light microscopy, SEM, TEM, dissection, and CT scanning. The differences are dramatic. In contrast to the abdominal and caudal regions, at the ends of the notochord vertebrae never develop. While the cranial notochord builds a tapering, unsegmented cone of chordal bone, the urostylic notochordal sheath never ossifies: adjacent, irregular bony elements form from the endoskeleton of the caudal fin. As development progresses, two previously undescribed processes occur. First, the bony cone of the cranial notochord, and its internal chordocytes, are degraded by chordoclasts, an undescribed function of the clastic cell type. Second, the sheath of the urostylic notochord creates transverse septae that partly traverse the lumen in an irregular pattern. By the adult stage, the cranial notochord is gone. In contrast, the urostylic notochord in adults is robust, reinforced with septae, covered by irregularly shaped pieces of cellular bone, and capped with an opistural cartilage that develops from the sheath of the urostylic notochord. A previously undescribed muscle, with its origin on the opistural cartilage, inserts on the lepidotrich ventral to it.
Comparison of Chloroaluminate Melts for Aluminum Graphite Dual‐Ion Battery Application
Authors: Elia Giuseppe Antonio , Hoeppner Katrin , Hahn Robert
Published: November 2020

Herein, we report a comparison of aluminum graphite dual‐ion cells (AGDICs) electrochemical characteristics employing the conventional 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride:aluminum trichloride (EMIMCl : AlCl3) electrolyte and two popular deep eutectic solvents (DESs), namely urea : AlCl3 and acetamide:AlCl3. The three electrolytes′ characteristics have been evaluated in terms of Al‐stripping deposition capability and cycling behavior in AGDICs. The results evidence the EMIMCl : AlCl3′s Al‐stripping deposition and rate capability in AGDICs superior characteristics addressed to the lower viscosity and higher conductivity with respect to the urea : AlCl3 and acetamide:AlCl3. On the other hand, the urea : AlCl3 guarantees a much higher columbic efficiency in AGDICs, thanks to the superior electrochemical window stability.
Publishing in education: A parallel session at the IUBMB/PSBMB 2019 “Harnessing Interdisciplinary Education in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” conference
Authors: Bascos Neil Andrew D. , Craig Paul A. , Lapeña Jose Florencio F. , Ortiz Phillip , Yu Gracia Fe B. , Macaulay Janet O.
Published: November 2020

Ensuring currency with trends, knowledge, and understanding of teaching and learning is essential for all educators. Researching learning and teaching is an enormous field which can range from examining the practical impact of new classes to research into the processes of learning. The “Publishing in Education” conference session discussed some of the approaches and outcomes of researching and publishing in education.
CHIP fellowships: Carving a path for complex PCI
Authors: Kalra Sanjog , Seth Ashok
Published: November 2020

Key Points

Dedicated CHIP training can improve access and outcomes for high‐risk patients needing revascularization.

Given the variability in current CHIP training programs, uniformity in institutional training standards and case matrix may be an important step to achieve proficiency in all key CHIP skill domains and ensure a smooth transition to practice.

Though CHIP procedures carry higher costs, overall contribution margins remain positive.
Drug‐coated balloon angioplasty and 1 month DAPT strategy: Insights from the real world
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe , Albani Stefano
Published: November 2020

Key Points

The use of short‐term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (1 month) may be safe after drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty.

This study suggests no risk of major cardiovascular adverse events at 6 months after a DCB angioplasty and 1 month DAPT regimen.

Randomized trials are needed to confirm the present data.
Safety and efficacy of paclitaxel drug‐coated balloon treatment of femoropopliteal claudicants: Data and analytic methods matter
Authors: Winscott John G. , Hillegass William B.
Published: November 2020

Key Points

Claudicants with femoropopliteal disease average 25% higher primary patency and reduced target lesion revascularization long term with crystalline paclitaxel eluting stent and balloon treatment compared to uncoated devices. In animal models, local and downstream tissues have detectable paclitaxel for greater than 180 days.

Aggregate data meta‐analyses of 28 randomized trials suggested 50–100% higher all‐cause mortality with paclitaxel device treatment.

In contrast, more complete ascertainment of follow‐up and pooled individual patient data analyses do not find significantly increased mortality, a dose‐mortality relationship, or an unexpected cause of death pattern with paclitaxel eluting device treatment in femoropopliteal claudicants.
Aortic valve replacement plus revascularization: The battle of surgical versus transcatheter approach still rages
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Fraccaro Chiara
Published: November 2020

Key Points

The current guidelines for primary aortic valve disease suggest, with different class of recommendation, concomitant coronary artery revascularization in all candidates to aortic valve replacement with angiographic evidence of significant coronary artery diameter stenosis (≥70%, ≥50% for left main stenosis) both for surgical or transcatheter approach.

Initial (non‐patient‐level) pooled data analyses suggest that a percutaneous transcatheter approach confers similar outcomes compared to a surgical approach in patients with severe AS and CAD.

Further scientific evidences from RCTs are warranted to clarify the prognostic impact of CAD on TAVR candidates and to identify the most appropriate revascularization strategy.
Super elastic system using parallel spine frames with steel braces
Authors: Chen Xingchen , Tagawa Hiroshi
Published: November 2020

To reduce the seismic response and residual deformation of structures, this study proposes a super elastic bracing system comprising parallel spine frames with steel rods acting as the braces connecting adjacent spine frames. The brace‐end connections are located on the outer side of the pin supports of spine frames to ensure that the axial deformation of the braces is lower than that of a regular bracing system with identical brace angles. To verify the feasibility and elastic range of the proposed system, cyclic loading tests were conducted using scaled specimens consisting of two spine frames with four different brace configurations. Numerical models created in OpenSees were used to simulate the loading tests appropriately. Four evaluation methods were developed for predicting the force and deformation relation considering the geometrical nonlinearity of the proposed system. Through parametric analyses, the influence of key parameters on structural behaviors is clarified, and the applicability of the evaluation methods is investigated.
Voxel‐Based quantitative MRI reveals spatial patterns of grey matter alteration in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lommers Emilie , Guillemin Camille , Reuter Gilles , Fouarge Eve , Delrue Gaël , Collette Fabienne , Degueldre Christian , Balteau Evelyne , Maquet Pierre , Phillips Christophe
Published: November 2020

Despite robust postmortem evidence and potential clinical importance of gray matter (GM) pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS), assessing GM damage by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains challenging. This prospective cross‐sectional study aimed at characterizing the topography of GM microstructural and volumetric alteration in MS using, in addition to brain atrophy measures, three quantitative MRI (qMRI) parameters—magnetization transfer (MT) saturation, longitudinal (R1), and effective transverse (R2*) relaxation rates, derived from data acquired during a single scanning session. Our study involved 35 MS patients (14 relapsing–remitting MS; 21 primary or secondary progressive MS) and 36 age‐matched healthy controls (HC). The qMRI maps were computed and segmented in different tissue classes. Voxel‐based quantification (VBQ) and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) statistical analyses were carried out using multiple linear regression models. In MS patients compared with HC, three configurations of GM microstructural/volumetric alterations were identified. (a) Co‐localization of GM atrophy with significant reduction of MT, R1, and/or R2*, usually observed in primary cortices. (b) Microstructural modifications without significant GM loss: hippocampus and paralimbic cortices, showing reduced MT and/or R1 values without significant atrophy. (c) Atrophy without significant change in microstructure, identified in deep GM nuclei. In conclusion, this quantitative multiparametric voxel‐based approach reveals three different spatially‐segregated combinations of GM microstructural/volumetric alterations in MS that might be associated with different neuropathology.
Value of preoperative HE4 as predictor of advanced disease in endometrioid endometrial cancer
Authors: Espiau Romera Andrea , Coronado Martín Pluvio Jesús , Chóliz Ezquerro Marta , Cuesta Guardiola Tatiana , Adiego Calvo Ignacio , Baquedano Mainar Laura
Published: November 2020

Objective

To explore the predictive value of serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) marker in the preoperative prediction of the risk of advanced disease in the endometrioid subtype of endometrial cancer, and its association with poor prognostic factors. In addition, a cut‐off value of HE4 was defined to classify patients according to these results.

Methods

Prospective and multicenter cohort analytical pilot study of patients operated for endometrial cancer at the Miguel Servet University Hospital of Zaragoza (Spain) and the Complejo Universitario of León (Spain) from January 2017 to May 2019. Preoperative serum levels of HE4 were analyzed by clinical and pathologic characteristics.

Results

In all, 126 patients were included. A statistically significant association was found between the preoperative HE4 value and node involvement (P = 0.008), late‐stage disease (P = 0.003), high histologic grade (P = 0.007), deep myometrial invasion (P = 0.001), lymphovascular space invasion (P = 0.001), and other pathologic factors. In addition, an HE4 cut‐off value (156.4 pmol/L) has been determined to predict, preoperatively, which patients will present with early stage disease.

Conclusions

The preoperative marker HE4 is a useful tool in the preoperative study of patients with endometrial cancer as it relates to late‐stage disease as well as other prognostic factors in the endometrioid subtype of endometrial cancer.
A perspective on cervical cancer prevention and screening in Africa
Authors: Lindeque Gerhard
Published: November 2020

Sub‐Saharan Africa carries a large burden of cervical cancer patients. The low‐ and middle‐income development status of these countries bring about severe challenges in budget, health care staffing, cancer screening and treatment protocols, and measures for prevention.
Test utilization for the diagnosis of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in local clinics in Korea
Authors: Choi Rihwa , Oh Youngju , Park Mi‐Jung , Kim Serim , Kim Youngrae , Lee Sang Gon , Lee Eun Hee
Published: November 2020

Background

Current guidelines pertaining to diagnosing macrocytic anemia in association with vitamin B12 and folate deficiency recommend that vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid assays should be assessed concurrently due to their close relationship in metabolism. We aimed to investigate the completion of these assays in local clinics and hospitals without in‐house clinical laboratories in Korea.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data from the laboratory information system between September 25, 2017, and June 30, 2019, to investigate usage rates of vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid assays in patients with macrocytic anemia.

Results

During the study period, 14 894 Korean adults among 109 524 (13.6%) total hemoglobin‐tested subjects underwent concurrent erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) tests. Among these 14,894 adults, 265 (1.2%) from 94 local clinics or hospitals without in‐house clinical laboratories in Korea had macrocytic anemia. Furthermore, among these 265 adults, only one woman underwent serum vitamin B12 and folate assay and one man underwent serum homocysteine testing during the study period. No patients among the 265 individuals with macrocytic anemia received erythrocyte folate or methylmalonic acid testing (with either serum, plasma, random urine, or 24‐hour collected urine).

Conclusions

The results of this study provide basic information regarding utilization rates of assays in association with vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Making more data available is expected to improve rates of testing in patients with macrocytic anemia in local clinics and hospitals without in‐house clinical laboratories in Korea.
Mental pain intensity and tolerance as predictors of psychotherapy process and outcome
Authors: Grossman‐Giron Ariella , Becker Gideon , Kivity Yogev , Shalev Shani , Tzur Bitan Dana
Published: November 2020

Background

The extensive reliance on symptoms for the study of psychotherapy is often criticized. In this study we examined whether the subjective sense of mental pain predicts psychotherapy process and outcome, above and beyond the effect of symptomatic distress.

Methods

Outpatients (n = 53) treated in a psychiatric hospital completed measures of mental pain intensity and tolerance, symptomatic distress, and session climate at pretreatment and posttreatment. Multilevel modeling was utilized to assess the predictive effect of mental pain, while controlling baseline symptomatic distress.

Results

Patients with high mental pain at baseline showed significant reductions in distress, while patients with low mental pain showed no significant improvement. Moreover, low mental pain and high mental pain tolerance predicted decreases in session smoothness.

Conclusions

Mental pain can serve as a predictive marker for psychotherapy process and outcome, and complement the reliance on symptomatic distress in psychotherapy research.
Exposure‐Response Analyses for Upadacitinib Efficacy in Subjects With Atopic Dermatitis—Analyses of Phase 2b Study to Support Selection of Phase 3 Doses
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed‐Eslam F. , Gopalakrishnan Sathej , Teixeira Henrique D. , Othman Ahmed A.
Published: November 2020

Upadacitinib is a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor that was recently approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and is currently being evaluated for treatment of several other autoimmune diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). The relationships between upadacitinib plasma exposure and efficacy (assessed as Eczema Area Severity Index [EASI]‐75, EASI‐90, and Investigator Global Assessment [IGA] 0/1) in subjects with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were characterized using the data from 167 subjects who were enrolled in a phase 2b dose‐ranging study. Subjects were randomized to receive once daily doses of monotherapy treatment with upadacitinib extended‐release 7.5, 15, or 30 mg or placebo for 16 weeks. Logistic regression models were developed and utilized to simulate efficacy for upadacitinib with an approximate phase 3 sample size. Based on exposure‐response models, 15 mg once daily is predicted to achieve EASI‐75, EASI‐90, and IGA 0/1 responses in 48%, 26%, and 29% of subjects, respectively, compared with placebo responses of 9%, 2%, and 2%, respectively, whereas 30 mg once daily is predicted to provide an additional approximately 20% greater efficacy for these end points relative to 15 mg once daily. These analyses supported the selection of upadacitinib doses that are being evaluated in ongoing global phase 3 studies in atopic dermatitis.
Application of machine learning methods for paleoclimatic reconstructions from leaf traits
Authors: Wei Gang , Peng Changhui , Zhu Qiuan , Zhou Xiaolu , Yang Bin
Published: November 2020

Digital leaf physiognomy (DLP) is considered as one of the most promising methods for estimating past climate. However, current models built using the DLP data set still lack precision, especially for mean annual precipitation (MAP). To improve predictive power, we developed five machine learning (ML) models for mean annual temperature (MAT) and MAP respectively, and then tested the precision of these models and some of their averaging compared with that obtained from other models. The precision of all models was assessed using a repeated stratified 10‐fold cross‐validation. For MAT, three combinations of models (R2 = .77) presented moderate improvements in precision over the multiple linear regression (MLR) model (R2 = .68). For loge(MAP), the averaging of the support vector machine (SVM) and boosting models improved the R2 from .19 to .63 compared with that of the MLR model. For MAP, the R2 of this model combination was 0.49, which was much better than that of the artificial neural network (ANN) model (R2 = .21). Even the bagging model, which had the lowest R2 (.37) for loge(MAP), demonstrated better precision (R2 = .27) for MAP. Our palaeoclimate estimates for nine fossil floras were also more accurate, because they were in better agreement with independent paleoclimate evidence. Our study confirms that our ML models and their averaging can improve paleoclimatic reconstructions, providing a better understanding of the relationship between climate and leaf physiognomy.
Quantile regression to estimate the survivor average causal effect of periodontal treatment effects on birthweight and gestational age
Authors: Merchant Anwar T. , Liu Jihong , Reynolds Mark A. , Beck James D. , Zhang Jiajia
Published: November 2020

Background

Survival average causal effect (SACE) can give valid estimates of the periodontal treatment effect on birth outcomes in randomized controlled trials when fetal losses are unequal across the treatment arms. A regression‐based method to estimate SACE using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression can be biased if the treatment effect varies across the outcome distribution. In this case quantile regression may be a suitable alternative.

Methods

We compared OLS and quantile regression models estimating SACE to calculate the effect of periodontal treatment on birthweight and gestational age in secondary analyses of publicly available Obstetrics and Periodontal Therapy (OPT) trial data.

Results

Periodontal treatment tended to increase birthweight and gestational age at the lowest quantiles, remained flat in the middle quantiles, and trended to decrease both birthweight and gestational age in the highest quantiles. In quantile regression models estimating SACE the β‐coefficients: 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles were 277.5:  −141.0 to 696.0 g, 1.4: −107 to 110.3 g, and −84: −344 to 175.3 g for birthweight, and 0.6: −1.0 to 2.2 weeks, −0.1: −0.5 to 0.2 weeks, and −0.6: −1.0 to −0.1 weeks for gestational age. Estimates from OLS models estimating SACE were close to the null, β: 95% CI −4.7: 132.3 to 123.0 g for birthweight, and 0.03: −0.72 to 0.78 weeks for gestational age.

Conclusions

OLS models to evaluate SACE for periodontal treatment effects on birthweight and gestational age may be biased towards the null. Quantile regression may be a preferable alternative.
Preliminary study on the potential application of Fourier‐transform mid‐infrared for the evaluation of overall quality and authenticity of Moroccan virgin olive oil
Authors: Zaroual Hicham , El Hadrami El Mestafa , Karoui Romdhane
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Olive oil provides a wide range of health‐promoting compounds. The quality of olive oil is an even more complex concept as it is affected by several factors, such as variety, season, stage of maturation, extraction processing, and so on. The main objective of this study was to determine the potential of chemical and mid‐infrared spectroscopy techniques to determine the quality and authenticity of virgin olive oil (VOO). For this, we studied 41 VOOs originating from five regions of Morocco (Fez/Meknes, Eastern, Northern, Beni‐Mellal/Khenifra, and Marrakech/Safi) and produced using different agricultural and technological conditions during two successive crop seasons (2015–2016 and 2016–2017).

RESULTS

By applying principal component analysis and factorial discriminant analysis with leave‐one‐out validation to the mid‐infrared spectroscopy, clear discrimination between VOO samples according to their geographic origin and variety was observed, with correct classification rates of 91.87% and 91.87% being observed respectively. The application of partial least‐squares regression to mid‐infrared and chemical data sets allowed excellent prediction of free acidity, peroxide value, k270, and chlorophyll level with R2 of 0.99, 0.97, 0.98, and 0.93 respectively, and good prediction of k232 (R2 = 0.84).

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrate that mid‐infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometric tools could be used as a rapid screening tool for evaluating the overall quality and authenticity of VOO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry