bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A substrate-induced gating mechanism is conserved among Gram-positive IgA1 metalloproteases
Authors: Redzic Jasmina S. , Rahkola Jeremy , Tran Norman , Holyoak Todd , Lee Eunjeong , Martín-Galiano Antonio Javier , Meyer Nancy , Zheng Hongjin , Eisenmesser Elan
Published: November 2022

The mucosal adaptive immune response is dependent on the production of IgA antibodies and particularly IgA1, yet opportunistic bacteria have evolved mechanisms to specifically block this response by producing IgA1 proteases (IgA1Ps). Our lab was the first to describe the structures of a metal-dependent IgA1P (metallo-IgA1P) produced from Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae both in the absence and presence of its IgA1 substrate through cryo-EM single particle reconstructions. This prior study revealed an active-site gating mechanism reliant on substrate-induced conformational changes to the enzyme that begged the question of whether such a mechanism is conserved among the wider Gram-positive metallo-IgA1P subfamily of virulence factors. Here, we used cryo-EM to characterize the metallo-IgA1P of a more distantly related family member from Gemella haemolysans, an emerging opportunistic pathogen implicated in meningitis, endocarditis, and more recently bacteremia in the elderly. While the substrate-free structures of these two metallo-IgA1Ps exhibit differences in the relative starting positions of the domain responsible for gating substrate, the enzymes have similar domain orientations when bound to IgA1. Together with biochemical studies that indicate these metallo-IgA1Ps have similar binding affinities and activities, these data indicate that metallo-IgA1P binding requires the specific IgA1 substrate to open the enzymes for access to their active site and thus, largely conform to an “induced fit” model.
Topological bulk solitons in a nonlinear photonic Chern insulator
Authors: Li Rujiang , Kong Xiangyu , Hang Dongkai , Li Guoyi , Hu Hongyu , Zhou Hao , Jia Yongtao , Li Pengfei , Liu Ying
Published: November 2022

Nonlinearities in lattices with topological band structures can induce topological interfaces in the bulk of structures and give rise to bulk solitons in the topological bandgaps. Here we study a photonic Chern insulator with saturable nonlinearity and show the existence of topological bulk solitons. The fundamental bulk solitons exhibit as semi-vortex solitons, where only one pseudospin component has a nonzero vorticity. The bulk solitons have equal angular momentum at different valleys. This phenomenon is a direct outcome of the topology of the linear host lattice and the angular momentum can be changed by switching the sign of the nonlinearity. The bulk solitons bifurcate from the linear bulk band edge and terminate when their powers saturate. We find that these bulk solitons are stable within the whole spectrum range. Moreover, these bulk solitons are robust against lattice disorders both from on-site energies and hopping amplitudes. Our work extends the study of Chern insulators into the nonlinear regime and highlights the interplay between topology and nonlinearity.
Dynamic spatio-temporal control of naturally sourced soft photonic crystals
Authors: Guidetti Giulia , Pirie Chris , Matzeu Giusy , Bonacchini Giorgio E. , Kim Beom Joon , Napier Bradley , Omenetto Fiorenzo G.
Published: November 2022

The quest for flexible curvilinear displays is driving renewed interest in natural soft photonic systems that rely on the adaptable response of nanostructured living tissues to external stimuli for camouflage and energy management. Understanding and controlling the dynamics of these systems is challenging due to difficulties in sourcing the tissues and constraints in the ability to stimulate them. Here, we present an ex-vivo approach to systematically investigate soft biophotonic crystals and dynamically control their response by using the Bos taurus tapetum as a model system. The tapetum’s structural color is controlled chemically and electronically and examined by multispectral imaging providing insights on the color change dynamics. The ability to spatio-temporally control the optical response of biophotonic crystals provides insights for the development of soft photonic systems for displays and dynamic light management.
Global patterns and predictors of C:N:P in marine ecosystems
Authors: Tanioka Tatsuro , Garcia Catherine A. , Larkin Alyse A. , Garcia Nathan S. , Fagan Adam J. , Martiny Adam C.
Published: November 2022

Oceanic nutrient cycles are coupled, yet carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry in marine ecosystems is variable through space and time, with no clear consensus on the controls on variability. Here, we analyze hydrographic, plankton genomic diversity, and particulate organic matter data from 1970 stations sampled during a global ocean observation program (Bio-GO-SHIP) to investigate the biogeography of surface ocean particulate organic matter stoichiometry. We find latitudinal variability in C:N:P stoichiometry, with surface temperature and macronutrient availability as strong predictors of stoichiometry at high latitudes. Genomic observations indicated community nutrient stress and suggested that nutrient supply rate and nitrogen-versus-phosphorus stress are predictive of hemispheric and regional variations in stoichiometry. Our data-derived statistical model suggests that C:P and N:P ratios will increase at high latitudes in the future, however, changes at low latitudes are uncertain. Our findings suggest systematic regulation of elemental stoichiometry among ocean ecosystems, but that future changes remain highly uncertain.
TbasCO: trait-based comparative ‘omics identifies ecosystem-level and niche-differentiating adaptations of an engineered microbiome
Authors: McDaniel E A , van Steenbrugge J J M , Noguera D R , McMahon K D , Raaijmakers J M , Medema M H , Oyserman B O
Published: November 2022

A grand challenge in microbial ecology is disentangling the traits of individual populations within complex communities. Various cultivation-independent approaches have been used to infer traits based on the presence of marker genes. However, marker genes are not linked to traits with complete fidelity, nor do they capture important attributes, such as the timing of gene expression or coordination among traits. To address this, we present an approach for assessing the trait landscape of microbial communities by statistically defining a trait attribute as a shared transcriptional pattern across multiple organisms. Leveraging the KEGG pathway database as a trait library and the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) model microbial ecosystem, we demonstrate that a majority (65%) of traits present in 10 or more genomes have niche-differentiating expression attributes. For example, while many genomes containing high-affinity phosphorus transporter pstABCS display a canonical attribute (e.g. up-regulation under phosphorus starvation), we identified another attribute shared by many genomes where transcription was highest under high phosphorus conditions. Taken together, we provide a novel framework for unravelling the functional dynamics of uncultivated microorganisms by assigning trait-attributes through genome-resolved time-series metatranscriptomics.
Glucose oxidase-encapsulated liposomes for amplified autofluorescence-free immunoassay of a prostate-specific antigen with photoluminescence of CePO4:Tb nanocrystals
Authors: Jiang Xiwen , Pan Cuiyuan , Wang Qiaowen , Yin Zipeng , Han Xiao , Tang Dianping
Published: November 2022

An autofluorescence-free immunosensing platform was designed to determine prostate-specific antigen based on the photoluminescence of CePO4:Tb nanocrystals.
Combination of RT-LAMP and fluorescence spectroscopy using chemometric techniques for an ultra-sensitive and rapid alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tessaro Leticia , da Silva Mutz Yhan , Lelis Carini Aparecida , Andrade Jelmir Craveiro de , Aquino Adriano , Panzenhagen Pedro , Ochioni Alan Clavelland , Sousa Vieira Italo Rennan , Conte-Junior Carlos Adam
Published: November 2022

The increased spread of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has made it necessary to develop more efficient, fast, accurate, specific, sensitive and easy-to-use detection platforms to overcome the disadvantages of gold standard methods (RT-qPCR).
A lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticle (LPN)-loaded dissolving microneedle patch for promoting hair regrowth by transdermal miR-218 delivery
Authors: Zhao Yipu , Tian Ye , Ye Weiliang , Wang Xue , Huai Ying , Huang Qian , Chu Xiaohua , Deng Xudong , Qian Airong
Published: November 2022

A miRNA transdermal delivery device for alopecia therapy that combines the use of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dissolving MN to enhance corneum permeability with lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) to protect miR-218 from degradation.
Six-electron organic redoxmers for aqueous redox flow batteries
Authors: Fang Xiaoting , Cavazos Andres T. , Li Zhiguang , Li Chenzhao , Xie Jian , Wassall Stephen R. , Zhang Lu , Wei Xiaoliang
Published: November 2022

Fused phenazine-based organic redoxmers capable of six-electron redox activities have been designed and evaluated in aqueous flow batteries. Such a novel molecular engineering approach opens an avenue for enabling energy-dense storage strategies.
TCF-based fluorescent probe for monitoring superoxide anion produced in bacteria under chloramphenicol- and heat-induced stress
Authors: Yan Kai-Cheng , Patenall Bethany L. , Gardiner Jordan E. , Heylen Rachel A. , Thet Naing , He Xiao-Peng , Sedgwick Adam C. , James Tony D. , Jenkins A. Toby A.
Published: November 2022

We report on a superoxide anion (O2˙−) responsive fluorescent probe called TCF-OTf.
Nanostructured catalyst assembled from CNTs, NiSe2nanoparticles, and 2D Ni-MOF nanosheets for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhu Feng-Yuan , Zhang Xiaoli , Han Xu , Zhou Chengyan , Lu Shuanglong , Lang Jian-Ping , Gu Hongwei
Published: November 2022

We prepared an interesting nanostructured catalyst from CNTs, NiSe2nanoparticles, and 2D Ni-MOF nanosheets, which showed good HER performance.
In situ-grown Co3S4sheet-functionalized metal–organic frameworkviasurface engineering as a HER catalyst in alkaline media
Authors: Park Kun Woo , Lee So Yeon , Moon Juyoung , An Hyun Ji , Kim Dong Hyun , Lee Chang Soo , Park Jung Tae
Published: November 2022

Preparation of Co3S4sheet/MOF catalysts for the HERviasurface engineering.
Investigating charge-up and fragmentation dynamics of oxygen molecules after interaction with strong X-ray free-electron laser pulses
Authors: Kastirke G. , Ota F. , Rezvan D. V. , Schöffler M. S. , Weller M. , Rist J. , Boll R. , Anders N. , Baumann T. M. , Eckart S. , Erk B. , De Fanis A. , Fehre K. , Gatton A. , Grundmann S. , Grychtol P. , Hartung A. , Hofmann M. , Ilchen M. , Janke C. , Kircher M. , Kunitski M. , Li X. , Mazza T. , Melzer N. , Montano J. , Music V. , Nalin G. , Ovcharenko Y. , Pier A. , Rennhack N. , Rivas D. E. , Dörner R. , Rolles D. , Rudenko A. , Schmidt Ph. , Siebert J. , Strenger N. , Trabert D. , Vela-Perez I. , Wagner R. , Weber Th. , Williams J. B. , Ziolkowski P. , Schmidt L. Ph. H. , Czasch A. , Tamura Y. , Hara N. , Yamazaki K. , Hatada K. , Trinter F. , Meyer M. , Ueda K. , Demekhin Ph. V. , Jahnke T.
Published: November 2022

The X-ray-induced charge-up and fragmentation process of a small molecule is examined in great detail by measuring the molecular-frame photoelectron interference pattern in conjunction with other observables in coincidence.
Disentangling the resonant Auger spectra of ozone: overlapping core-hole states and core-excited state dynamics
Authors: Tenorio Bruno Nunes Cabral , Møller Klaus B. , Decleva Piero , Coriani Sonia
Published: November 2022

Resonant and non-resonant Auger spectra of ozone are investigated with a multi-reference scheme based on the one-center approximation. The role of core-excited state dynamics and overlapping core-hole states are elucidated.
Metal–metal bond in lanthanide single-molecule magnets
Authors: Zhu Zhenhua , Tang Jinkui
Published: November 2022

This review surveys recent critical advances in lanthanide SMMs, highlighting the influences of metal–metal bonds on the magnetization dynamics.
Catalytic upgrading of ethanol to higher alcohols over nickel-modified Cu–La2O3/Al2O3 catalysts
Authors: He Jinfeng , Li Xiuzhen , Kou Jianyao , Tao Tingjie , Shen Xinyue , Jiang Dahao , Lin Lili , Li Xiaonian
Published: November 2022

The addition of NiO remarkably improved the performance of Cu-based catalysts for ethanol upgrading to higher alcohols by increasing the total amount of Cu0, Cu+ and Cu2+ active species and optimized acid–base sites on the surface of the catalysts.
Correction: Solvothermal synthesis of MnFe2O4 colloidal nanocrystal assemblies and their magnetic and electrocatalytic properties
Authors: Li Zhen , Gao Kai , Han Guangting , Wang Rongyue , Li Hongliang , Guo Peizhi
Published: November 2022

Correction of ‘Solvothermal synthesis of MnFe2O4 colloidal nanocrystal assemblies and their magnetic and electrocatalytic properties’ by Zhen Li et al., New J. Chem., 2015, 39, 361–368, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NJ01466A.
Combining surface chemical functionalization with introducing reactive oxygen species boosts ethanol electrooxidation
Authors: Zhao Jinjuan , Shu Junhao , Wang Jiaxiao , Yang Honglei , Dong Zhengping , Li Shuwen
Published: November 2022

An amorphous ceria-modified Pd nanocomposite anchored on d-4-amino-phenylalanine-functionalized graphene nanosheets (Pd-CeO2−x/FGS) was prepared by a facile one-pot synthetic strategy and used as a catalyst for ethanol electrooxidation.
Core–satellite–satellite hierarchical nanostructures: assembly, plasmon coupling, and gap-selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Trinh Hoa Duc , Kim Seokheon , Park Joohwan , Yoon Sangwoon
Published: November 2022

We perform hierarchical assembly of gold nanoparticles into core–satellite–satellite nanostructures that possess two different types of controllable nanogaps. We investigate their plasmon coupling properties and nanogap-dependent SERS enhancements.
Construction of C–N and C–O bonds based on N-allenamide functionalization
Authors: Hourtoule Maxime , Miesch Laurence
Published: November 2022

The review covers recent advances in the development of new methods involving amination and alkoxylation reactions on N-allenamides covering cycloaddition, carbofunctionalization, halogenofunctionalization as well as hydrofunctionalization reactions.
Vinyl boronate polymers with dynamic exchange properties
Authors: Dong Jin , He Congze , Xu Chaoran , Yun Jie , Pan Xiangcheng
Published: November 2022

This work introduces vinyl boronic acid and its pinacol ester derivative as suitable monomers in radical polymerization to prepare well-defined polyolefins with boron-containing groups that show sol–gel transition properties.
Palladium-catalyzed aza-Wacker cyclization of O-homoallyl benzimidates: expeditious access to heteroatom-rich substituted 1,3-oxazines via alkene trifunctionalization
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Qi Lin , Du Hui-Jie , Liu Jia-Li , Cao Tong-Yang , Yan Zhi-Min , Li Wei , Wang Li-Jing
Published: November 2022

A palladium-catalyzed aza-Wacker cyclization of O-homoallyl benzimidates was developed to afford a variety of 4-methylene-1,3-oxazines, which are easily manipulated to give a family of heteroatom-rich functionalized molecules.
Inhibitory effect of phenolic extract from squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich) seed oil on integrin-mediated cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis
Authors: Touihri-Barakati Imen , Kallech-Ziri Olfa , Morjen Maram , Marrakchi Naziha , Luis José , Hosni Karim
Published: November 2022

Phenolic extract from Ecballium elaterium inhibits integrin-mediated adhesion and migration, and hinders VGEF-induced angiogenesis.
Effect of surfactant concentration on the evaporation-driven deposition of carbon nanotubes: from coffee-ring effect to strain sensing
Authors: Inanlu Mohammad Jalal , Farhadi Jafar , Ansari Ehsan , Charkas Saina , Bazargan Vahid
Published: November 2022

Our discovery reveals the existence of an optimum SDS/CNT concentration ratio to achieve the highest conductivity of ring deposition for strain sensing.
Construction of multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose nanohydrogel carriers based on near-infrared DNA-templated quantum dots for tumor theranostics
Authors: Zheng Yue , He Shengquan , Jin Penghui , Gao Yabiao , Di Ya , Gao Liming , Wang Jidong
Published: November 2022

Multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose nanohydrogel carriers for tumor theranostics.
Isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS analysis of the elastin crosslinkers desmosine and isodesmosine in acute cerebral stroke patients
Authors: Mikagi Ayame , Tashiro Ryosuke , Inoue Tomoo , Anzawa Riki , Imura Akiho , Tanigawa Takahiro , Ishida Tomohisa , Inoue Takashi , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Tominaga Teiji , Usuki Toyonobu
Published: November 2022

Established isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS method suggested that desmosines can be regarded as biomarkers of acute cerebral stroke.
Dynamics of a two-dimensional active polymer chain with a rotation-restricted active head
Authors: Hu Han-Xian , Shen Yi-Fan , Wang Chao , Luo Meng-Bo
Published: November 2022

The rotation of the active Brownian particle (ABP) at the head is reduced by the connected passive polymer. The propulsive diffusion coefficient of the whole polymer originated from the self-propulsion force can be described by a scaling relation.
Semi-conducting microspheres formed from glucose for semi-active electric field-responsive electrorheological systems
Authors: Kutalkova Erika , Plachy Tomas
Published: November 2022

In this study glucose particles were successfully transformed to conducting carbonaceous microspheres through sequential hydrothermal and thermal carbonization.
SrxTi0.6Fe0.4O3−δ (x = 1.0, 0.9) catalysts for ammonia synthesis via proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (PCECs)
Authors: Wang Kaihui , Chen Huili , Li Si-Dian , Shao Zongping
Published: November 2022

The high concentration of OVs and active sites of S0.9TF promote its high NRR activity. The proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (PCECs) with S0.9TF material as a cathode showed a high output (bar) and durability (line).
CO2-to-CH4electroreduction over scalable Cu-porphyrin based organic polymers promoted by direct auxiliary bonding interaction
Authors: Li Qi , Wang Zeng-Mei , Chen Yifa , Wang Yi-Rong , Guo Can , Huang Qing , Dong Long-Zhang , Li Shun-Li , Lan Ya-Qian
Published: November 2022

A series of metalloporphyrin based electrocatalysts with efficient CO2-to-CH4electroreduction properties have been facilely synthesized and relative direct-bonding interactions have been intensively studied.
Oppositely charged MXene fibers as a highly efficient osmotic power generator from sea and river water
Authors: Hashemifar Fatemeh , Esfandiar Ali
Published: November 2022

Highly packed positively and negatively charged MXene fibers with sub-nanometer height nanochannels and high surface charge density provide aligned and charged nanochannels in fibrous geometry with outstanding efficiency in osmotic power harvesting.
Mn(ii)-doped CdS/ZnS core/shell quantum dot films photocatalyze reductive organic transformations with a boost in efficiency from enhanced Auger processes
Authors: Malile Brian , Sodhi Rana , Chen Jennifer I. L.
Published: November 2022

Hot electrons generated from Auger processes in Mn2+-doped CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) photocatalyze the reduction of organic compounds under mild conditions with superb rate enhancement over undoped QDs.
Significant improvement in high-temperature energy storage performance of polymer dielectrics via constructing a surface polymer carrier trap layer
Authors: Xiong Jie , Fan Xing , Long Dajiang , Zhu Bofeng , Zhang Xiao , Lu Junyong , Xie Yunchuan , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: November 2022

Deposition of deep-trap, high-temperature-resistant layers by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process enables non-destructive and controllable preparation of high-performance high-temperature polymer dielectric films.
Vacancy-controlled quaternary sulfide Na3−xZn1−xGa1+xS4 with improved ionic conductivity and aqueous stability
Authors: Han Suyeon , Seo Jung Yong , Park Woon Bae , Ikhe Amol Bhairuba , Choi So Yeon , Han Su Cheol , Sohn Kee-Sun , Pyo Myoungho
Published: November 2022

Na3ZnGaS4 is a new class of Na+-conducting solid electrolytes. Herein, vacancies are introduced into Na(2) sites by adjusting the Zn/Ga ratio. The conductivity of vacancy-incorporated Na2.8Zn0.8Ga1.2S4 is increased by more than two orders of magnitude.
New aspects of lipopeptide-incorporated nanoparticle synthesis and recent advancements in biomedical and environmental sciences: a review
Authors: Sharma Raju Kumar , Dey Gobinda , Banerjee Pritam , Maity Jyoti Prakash , Lu Chung-Ming , Siddique Jamal Akhter , Wang Shau-Chun , Chatterjee Nalonda , Das Koyeli , Chen Chien-Yen
Published: November 2022

The toxicity of metal nanoparticles has introduced promising research in the current scenario since an enormous number of people have been potentially facing this problem in the world.
Ti3C2Tx quantum dots/polyvinyl alcohol films as an enhanced long-term stable saturable absorber device for ultrafast photonics
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Chen Shanshan , Tao Lili , Zhao Yu , He Junshan , Huang Le , Yang Yibin
Published: November 2022

Ti3C2Tx QDs were prepared and the QDs/PVA film was exploited as a saturable absorber. Both Q-switched and mode-locked operations based on the SA were easily achieved. The SA showed long-term stability in ultrafast photonic applications for 12 months.
Effects of sub-picosecond direct laser interference patterning on the optoelectronic properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide thin films
Authors: Heffner Herman , Soldera Marcos , Schell Frederic , Deconinck Marielle , Vaynzof Yana , Mulko Lucinda , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: November 2022

An increase in the angular spread of incident light was obtained in FTO thin films after the generation of periodic micro- and nano-structures with infrared sub-picosecond Direct Laser Interference Patterning.
BEYONDPLANCK
Authors: Gjerløw E. , Ihle H. T. , Galeotta S. , Andersen K. J. , Aurlien R. , Banerji R. , Bersanelli M. , Bertocco S. , Brilenkov M. , Carbone M. , Colombo L. P. L. , Eriksen H. K. , Foss M. K. , Franceschet C. , Fuskeland U. , Galloway M. , Gerakakis S. , Hensley B. , Herman D. , Iacobellis M. , Ieronymaki M. , Jewell J. B. , Karakci A. , Keihänen E. , Keskitalo R. , Maggio G. , Maino D. , Maris M. , Paradiso S. , Partridge B. , Reinecke M. , Suur-Uski A.-S. , Svalheim T. L. , Tavagnacco D. , Thommesen H. , Watts D. J. , Wehus I. K. , Zacchei A.
Published: November 2022

We present a Bayesian calibration algorithm for cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations as implemented within the global end-to-end BEYONDPLANCKframework and applied to thePlanckLow Frequency Instrument (LFI) data. Following the most recentPlanckanalysis, we decomposed the full time-dependent gain into a sum of three nearly orthogonal components: one absolute calibration term, common to all detectors, one time-independent term that can vary between detectors, and one time-dependent component that was allowed to vary between one-hour pointing periods. Each term was then sampled conditionally on all other parameters in the global signal model through Gibbs sampling. The absolute calibration is sampled using only the orbital dipole as a reference source, while the two relative gain components were sampled using the full sky signal, including the orbital and Solar CMB dipoles, CMB fluctuations, and foreground contributions. We discuss various aspects of the data that influence gain estimation, including the dipole-polarization quadrupole degeneracy and processing masks. Comparing our solution to previous pipelines, we find good agreement in general, with relative deviations of −0.67% (−0.84%) for 30 GHz, 0.12% (−0.04%) for 44 GHz and −0.03% (−0.64%) for 70 GHz, compared toPlanckPR4 andPlanck2018, respectively. We note that the BEYONDPLANCKcalibration was performed globally, which results in better inter-frequency consistency than previous estimates. Additionally, WMAP observations were used actively in the BEYONDPLANCKanalysis, which both breaks internal degeneracies in thePlanckdata set and results in an overall better agreement with WMAP. Finally, we used a Wiener filtering approach to smoothing the gain estimates. We show that this method avoids artifacts in the correlated noise maps as a result of oversmoothing the gain solution, which is difficult to avoid with methods like boxcar smoothing, as Wiener filtering by construction maintains a balance between data fidelity and prior knowledge. Although our presentation and algorithm are currently oriented toward LFI processing, the general procedure is fully generalizable to other experiments, as long as the Solar dipole signal is available to be used for calibration.
Industry 4.0: a systematic review of legacy manufacturing system digital retrofitting
Authors: Alqoud Abdulrahman , Schaefer Dirk , Milisavljevic-Syed Jelena
Published: November 2022

Industry 4.0 technologies and digitalised processes are essential for implementing smart manufacturing within vertically and horizontally integrated production environments. These technologies offer new ways to generate revenue from data-driven services and enable predictive maintenance based on real-time data analytics. They also provide autonomous manufacturing scheduling and resource allocation facilitated by cloud computing technologies and the industrial Internet of Things (IoT). Although the fourth industrial revolution has been underway for more than a decade, the manufacturing sector is still grappling with the process of upgrading manufacturing systems and processes to Industry 4.0-conforming technologies and standards. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in particular, cannot always afford to replace their legacy systems with state-of-the-art machines but must look for financially viable alternatives. One such alternative is retrofitting, whereby old manufacturing systems are upgraded with sensors and IoT components to integrate them into a digital workflows across an enterprise. Unfortunately, to date, the scope and systematic process of legacy system retrofitting, and integration are not well understood and currently represent a large gap in the literature. In this article, the authors present an in-depth systematic review of case studies and available literature on legacy system retrofitting. A total of 32 papers met the selection criteria and were particularly relevant to the topic. Three digital retrofitting approaches are identified and compared. The results include insights common technologies used in retrofitting, hardware and software components typically required, and suitable communication protocols for establishing interoperability across the enterprise. These form an initial basis for a theoretical decision-making framework and associated retrofitting guide tool to be developed.
Die klimafreundliche NarCO2se
Authors: Bertsch Sarah
Published: November 2022

Die globale Klimakrise stellt unsere Gesellschaft vor große Herausforderungen. Das Gesundheitswesen hat mit fünf bis zehn Prozent aller Treibhausgasemissionen einen starken Einfluss auf das Klima. Anästhesie und Intensivstation können als sehr ressourcenintensive Bereiche einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur CO2-Einsparung leisten – wie der folgende Beitrag zeigt. Autorin Sarah Bertsch hat mit der zugrunde liegenden Facharbeit beim 25. Thieme intensiv-Pflegepreis 2021 den 2. Platz belegt.
Lernen in der virtuellen Welt
Authors: Landherr Jan , Sommer Silvia , Elsenbast Christian
Published: November 2022

Im vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Forschungsprojekt „Virtuell-augmentiertes Training für die Aus- und Weiterbildung in der interprofessionellen Notfallversorgung“ – kurz: ViTAWiN – wird seit Anfang 2019 erforscht, wie sich ein umfassender Kompetenzerwerb für die notfallmedizinische Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten in interprofessionellen Bildungsmaßnahmen mittels einer haptisch augmentierten virtuellen Lern- und Trainingsumgebung realisieren lässt. Der folgende Text beschreibt die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Implementierung in die Bildungspraxis.
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck—A Retrospective Single-Centre Comparison of the Recurrence Rate after R0 or R1 Resection
Authors: Stankovic Petar , Bock Robert , Rudhart Stefan A. , Hoch Stephan , Wilhelm Thomas
Published: November 2022

The treatment guidelines for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) postulate complete surgical excision using microscopically controlled resection (MOHS) as the gold standard. The need to obtain a small safety margin in the complex anatomical area of the head and neck is very challenging due to the individual characteristics (localization, histology, and size) of tumors and the fact that the postoperative loss of quality of life depends on the surgical defect size. The R1 status is histopathologically defined when the safety margin is less than 1 mm even if there are no tumor cells actually infiltrating the resection margin. Therefore, some studies have already favored a watch-and-wait-strategy in R1 situations. We aimed to evaluate the outcome and recurrence rate of resected BCCs of the head and neck, especially in a histologically proven R1 situation. The outcomes of all resected BCCs observed during a 5-year period (January 2009–December 2013) in a tertiary care center were analyzed. Our standard operating procedure was microscopically controlled surgical excision with reresections until an R0 situation was achieved. In selected patients, an R1 status has been accepted after at least two resections. From the included 191 BCCs, the R1 status was accepted as the final result in 46 (24.1%) cases which had surgically clear margins and were closely followed-up. From 54 patients in the R0 and 40 patients in the R1 group who completed the follow-up (2.4 ± 0.4 years), we observed 0 and 2 local recurrences, respectively (p = 0.19). In cases where frequent follow-up can be secured and the surgical area is delicate, a surgical closure at R1 status can be justified as the recurrence rate is not significantly higher compared with R0.
Assessment of Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Bismuth-Based Treatment Combined with Bifidobacterium Lactis for Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori in Turkish Children
Authors: Bolat Ahmet , Yaprak Deniz , Arslan Melike , Büyükcam Ayşe , Balamtekin Necati
Published: November 2022

Objective There are many adverse effects of drugs used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori, and reconstructing the microbiota by external ingestion of probiotics seems to have good effects on H. pylori eradication and prevents side effects.

Methods The study included 161 outpatients aged between 8 and 18 years diagnosed with H. pylori gastritis in the Gülhane Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Gastroenterology unit from June 1, 2018, through March 31, 2020, and patients were randomized into two groups. Eighty patients in the probiotic group (first group) received H. pylori eradication therapy for 14 days; additionally, Bifidobacterium lactis B94 was administered for 14 days for eradication of H. pylori. Eighty-one patients in the standard therapy group (second group) received the same eradication therapy but no probiotics. All patients were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire regularly, including changes in symptoms and side effects of drugs on days 0, 7, and 14 of treatment. The eradication success was checked with the H. pylori stool antigen test kit 8 weeks after completion of the treatment regimen.

Results The mean age of the patients was 14.2 ± 2.9 years, and 88 (64.7%) were female. The eradication rates were similar between the standard therapy and the probiotic groups by intention-to-treat analysis (p = 0.930). In order of frequency, the most common eradication treatment–related side effects were abdominal pain, taste abnormalities, and anorexia. In addition, therapy-related epigastric pain and flatulence were similar initially (p > 0.05) but seemed to be significantly lower in the probiotic group than in the standard therapy group on days 7 and 14 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions Our results suggest that additional probiotic supplementation has not changed the eradication rates but seems to reduce some specific gastrointestinal adverse events in children with H. pylori infections treated with a bismuth-based quadruple eradication regimen. More extensive randomized controlled trials are needed to explain probiotics' effects on H. pylori eradication and drug side effects.
Design of a simple radio frequency circuit for implementing the open-ended coaxial probe method for permittivity measurement
Authors: Aboyewa O. B. , Akinleye H. B. , Wrubel J. P. , Nichols M. G.
Published: November 2022

The development of electromagnetic (EM)-based therapeutic and diagnostic tools, as well as safety assessment of EM interactions with the human body, requires adequate measurement of the complex permittivity of different biological tissues. Such measurement techniques must be low-cost, readily available, and easy to implement. In this study, a simple circuit with basic radio frequency electronics was used to implement the open-ended coaxial probe method for permittivity measurement, as opposed to the widely used vector network analyzers. The non-ideal behavior of the circuit due to spurious reflections and ohmic losses was accounted for by a scattering matrix (SM) that relates the measured reflection coefficient to the true reflection coefficient at the probe tip. Parameters of SM were obtained using three calibration standards, and the circuit was used to measure the complex permittivity of a standard, tissue-equivalent, American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) polymer gel. A more intuitive approach to circuit analysis is also introduced. For both methods, the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of the gel were found to agree with the recommended uncertainties of the ASTM standard and validate the utility of the circuit at the test frequency.
High-fidelity inference of local impurity profiles in C-2W using Bayesian tomography
Authors: Nations M. , Romero J. A. , Gupta D. K. , Sweeney J. ,   the TAE Team
Published: November 2022

In C-2W (also called “Norman”) [1], beam-driven field reversed configuration plasmas embedded in a magnetic mirror are produced and sustained in a steady state. A multi-chord passive Doppler spectroscopy diagnostic provides line-integrated impurity emission measurements near the center plane of the confinement vessel with fast time resolution. The high degree of plasma non-uniformity across optical sightlines can preclude direct fitting of the measured line-integrated spectra. To overcome this challenge, local impurity profiles are inferred using Bayesian tomography, a superior analysis technique based on a complete forward model of the diagnostic. The measured emission of O4+ triplet lines near 278.4 nm is modeled assuming two independent populations: thermal and beam ions. Gaussian processes are used to generate and infer local profiles. The inference incorporates details of the geometrical arrangement of the diagnostic, instrument function, intensity calibration, and a noise model. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of the posterior distribution of solutions provides high-fidelity uncertainty estimates. The reconstructed O4+ impurity profiles are consistent with data from other diagnostics and show good agreement with expected physics based on previously developed models of biasing circuit and impurity transport.
Study of the transmission line for Israeli THz free-electron radiation source
Authors: Horowits O. , Gerasimov M. , Lurie Y. , Friedman A.
Published: November 2022

This article establishes a very important part of the transmission line (TL) design of the novel 6 MeV compact particle accelerator. Practically, the entire new array of particle accelerators has been designed and is in the final stages of construction at the Ariel University. Except for a novel hybrid photo-cathode electron gun, which has been developed and built in University of California, Los Angeles's Laboratory, it was commissioned at The Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Applications (free electron laser) as a part of an ongoing collaboration between the two universities. In this work, we have built a complete simulator for the analysis and propagation of terahertz pulses through the TL, which meets our specific requirements with a high level of flexibility. To simulate the propagation of an output wave packet of the source through the TL quasi-optical system, the original wave packet is decomposed in terms of free-space Hermite–Gaussian basis while the following transformations of the wave packet is described by the transfer matrices technique. Total radiation losses and spectral properties of the TL transfer are analyzed.
Numerical investigation to assess the output performance of concentrated solar parabolic dish system
Authors: Mari Muhsan Ali , Memon Zubair Ahmed , Shaikh Pervez Hameed , Mirjat Nayyar Hussain , Uqaili Muhammad Aslam
Published: November 2022

In this study, a standalone solar parabolic dish Stirling system is mathematically modeled and simulated using MATLAB to investigate the effects of material design and opt-geometrical parameters on output performance of the system. The concentrator diameter, rim angle, dispersion angle, incidence angle, solar angle, receiver emissivity, receiver absorbance, receiver thermal conductivity, and concentrator reflectance are the major parameters considered for investigation. The effects of the aforementioned parameters have been rigorously observed on Geometrical Concentration Ratio (G.C.R), receiver temperature, receiver thermal loss, output power, and overall efficiency of the system. In addition, the optimized values of the studied parameters have also been identified to establish the optimal geometrical configuration of the system. The results revealed that the maximum output power and the overall efficiency of the system have been calculated at 45° rim angle, 0.4° dispersion angle, 0° incidence angle, and 0.3° solar angle. At these optimal angles, receiver thermal loss may be significantly minimized while maintaining the desired G.C.R. The results, for the purpose of validation, have also been compared with theoretical and experimental dataset from the contemporary literature and found in good agreement.
Sunlight-assisted ferroelectric domain switching and ionic migration in Sn-based ferroelectric
Authors: Zhang Xiangping , Jiang Xingan , Deng Jianming , Wang Xueyun , Hong Jiawang
Published: November 2022

Laser-assisted ferroelectric polarization switching recently has been proved to be an effective mean to manipulate the ferroelectric domain structure, but with the possibility to damage the specimen surface due to high energy input and large thermal expansion. Compared to laser, sunlight with moderate energy is expected to be more accessible. Here, we employed a simulated sunlight illumination instead of high-energy lasers to realize the sunlight-assisted ferroelectric domain switching in Sn2P2S6 single crystals. The origin is the enhancement of localized carrier concentration due to the disproportionation reaction of Sn ions, which induces an additional internal field and assists the domain switching. The migration and accumulation of the Sn ions are also verified with scanning probe technique, which can be utilized as a resistive memory prototype. It is noteworthy that this memory effect can be significantly enhanced by sunlight illumination and, thus, make it suitable for the sunlight control of ferroelectric domain switching and ionic memory devices.
Ultrasensitive and broad-spectrum polarization sensitive photodetector based on individual Bi2Te0.6S2.4 nanobelt
Authors: Zhang Fen , Mo Zhangxun , Wang Danyang , Cui Baocheng , Xia Qinglin , Li Bo , He Jun , Zhong Mianzeng
Published: November 2022

Polarimetric photodetectors with broadband and fast response have important applications in the military and civilian fields. Alloying of semiconductors is a good strategy to regulate its electronic band structure which broadens the photoresponse range of the corresponding optoelectronic devices. In this work, we designed and grew the high-quality Bi2Te0.6S2.4 alloy via controllable chemical vapor transport. The as-prepared Bi2Te0.6S2.4 nanobelts were designed to work as the active layer in photodetectors. The individual Bi2Te0.6S2.4 nanobelt based photodetector exhibits excellent photoresponse properties in a broadband range from solar-blind ultraviolet-C (254 nm) to near-infrared (1064 nm) with a good responsivity of 340 mA/W, a specific detectivity of 2.3 × 109 Jones, and extremely low dark current (1.1 pA). The photodetectors also exhibit a fast response speed of about 1 μs which comes from the direct transition of carriers in Bi2Te0.6S2.4 confirmed by the Ohmic contact between Bi2Te0.6S2.4 and electrodes. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the Bi2Te0.6S2.4 nanobelts have high polarization sensitivity in the broadband ranges from 266 to 1064 nm with the maximum dichroic ratio of 2.94 at 808 nm. Our results provide a simple Bi based semiconductor system for high performance multifunctional optoelectronics and electronics compared with conventional Bi based chalcogenides.
Activation of implanted Si, Ge, and Sn donors in high-resistivity halide vapor phase epitaxial β-Ga2O3:N with high mobility
Authors: Spencer Joseph A. , Tadjer Marko J. , Jacobs Alan G. , Mastro Michael A. , Lyons John L. , Freitas Jaime A. , Gallagher James C. , Thieu Quang T. , Sasaki Kohei , Kuramata Akito , Zhang Yuhao , Anderson Travis J. , Hobart Karl D.
Published: November 2022

Activation of implanted donors into a highly-resistive, nitrogen-doped homoepitaxial β-Ga2O3 has been investigated. Nitrogen acceptors with the concentration of ∼1017 cm−3 were incorporated during epitaxial growth yielding low-doped (net donor concentration <1014 cm−3) films subsequently implanted with Si, Ge, and Sn. Upon Ohmic contact formation to the implanted regions, sheet resistance values of 314, 926, and 1676 Ω/sq were measured at room temperature for the Si-, Ge-, and Sn-implanted samples, respectively. Room temperature Hall measurements resulted in sheet carrier concentrations and Hall mobilities of 2.13 × 1014 /93, 8.58 × 1013/78, and 5.87 × 1013/63 cm2/(V s), respectively, for these three donor species. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy showed a volumetric dopant concentration of approximately 2 × 1019 cm−3 for the three species, resulting in carrier activation efficiencies of 64.7%, 40.3%, and 28.2% for Si, Ge, and Sn, respectively. Temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements ranging from 15 to 300 K showed a nearly constant carrier concentration in the Si-implanted sample, suggesting the formation of an impurity band indicative of degenerate doping. With a bulk carrier concentration of 1.3 × 1019 cm−3 for the Si implanted sample, a room temperature mobility of 93 cm2/(V s) is among the highest reported in Ga2O3 with a similar carrier concentration. The unimplanted Ga2O3:N regions remained highly resistive after the surrounding areas received implant and activation anneal. These results open the pathway for fabricating Ga2O3 devices through the selective n-type doping in highly resistive epitaxial Ga2O3.
First magnifying neutron/x-ray combined radiography at Shenguang laser facility
Authors: Li J. J. , Yu B. , Xu T. , Chen Z. J. , Zheng J. H. , Yao L. , Dong Y. S. , Yang J. M.
Published: November 2022

Neutron/x-ray combined radiography can integrate the merits of x-ray and neutron radiography and have an enhanced non-destructive detecting capability compared to single neutron or x-ray radiography. In this work, magnifying neutron/x-ray combined radiography along the same line of sight was performed at the Shenguang (SG) laser facility for the first time. Based on ∼0.1 mm point-like backlight sources of neutrons and x rays, structural defects on the order of ∼0.2 mm within polyethylene and Fe were observed in neutron and x-ray radiography, respectively. In addition, the spatial resolution obtained was 0.68 ∼ 2.05 mm in the object position for neutron radiography and ∼0.14 mm for x-ray radiography. This indicated that the combined radiography system arranged along the same line of sight at the SG laser facility possessed the ability to inspect structural defects within both low-Z and high-Z materials simultaneously, with relatively high spatial resolution.
Real-space, real-time approach to quantum-electrodynamical time-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Malave Justin , Ahrens Alexander , Pitagora Daniel , Covington Cody , Varga Kálmán
Published: November 2022

The quantum-electrodynamical time-dependent density functional theory equations are solved by time propagating the wave function on a tensor product of a Fock-space and real-space grid. Applications for molecules in cavities show the accuracy of the approach. Examples include the coupling strength and light frequency dependence of the energies, wave functions, optical absorption spectra, and Rabi splitting magnitudes in cavities, as well as a description of high harmonic generation in cavities.
Analysis of electron emission characteristics of triggered vacuum switch based on cold cathode materials
Authors: Xia Jilu , Liu Shifei , Sun Yijie , Fan Peng , Zhang Zicheng
Published: November 2022

A trigger vacuum switch that works for a long time is subject to the stable emission of initial electrons. Cold cathode materials such as velvet and carbon fiber have the characteristics of large emission electron area, uniformity, and stability. In this paper, two cold cathode materials, namely T4 rayon velvet and T300 carbon fiber board, are attached. They were used on the surface of the vacuum switch cathode, the trigger electrode was located in the middle of the cathode, and the trigger vacuum switch was triggered by a positive polarity high-voltage pulse along the surface flashover. The breakdown voltage and dispersion were studied in the form of capacitive discharge, and the electron emission characteristics of the two materials were explored from a microscopic perspective, such as through scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer element analysis. The results show that the triggering vacuum switch using this cold cathode material has stable triggering, wide operating voltage, and low breakdown voltage dispersion. The electron emission of the velvet has both fiber tip emission and lateral flashover mechanism, and carbon fiber is prone to surface damage; the anode metal surface is partially carbonized due to electron sputtering.
Failure mechanism investigation and endurance improvement in Te-rich Ge–Te based ovonic threshold switching selectors
Authors: Wang Lun , Wen Jinyu , Zhu Rongjiang , Chen Jiangxi , Tong Hao , Miao Xiangshui
Published: November 2022

The endurance of ovonic threshold switching (OTS) selectors is a key element for memory application. However, multi-element system for OTS in recent studies will induce element or phase segregation and lead to device failure. Since pure Te based device characterizes relatively high off current, in this work, we studied a Te-rich Ge–Te based OTS selector. We first conducted a failure analysis on Ge–Te based OTS selector. Through first-principles calculations, we found that a relatively larger Ge concentration in the Ge–Te system may lead to a worse device endurance after continuous operation due to the migration of Ge atoms. Experiments further proved that device endurance can be improved more than two orders of magnitude through decreasing Ge concentration and the element segregation is greatly weakened by the composition close to elemental. Finally, a significantly improved endurance of 2 × 1010 was realized in Ge10Te90 based OTS selectors. In the meantime, the Ge10Te90 based OTS selectors show good switching performance and potential for use in memory applications.