bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youtubers: identificación y motivos de agrado de la audiencia
Authors: Korres Alonso Oihane , Elexpuru Albizuri Iciar
Published: January 2022

Actualmente, los youtubers se han convertido en modelos a seguir, especialmente, para los más jóvenes. En este artículo se analizan las interacciones de los seguidores de los youtubers españoles de éxito en términos de comentario y tema, identificación y motivos de agrado. Para ello, se analizan los comentarios de la audiencia a los vídeos de 10 youtuber de éxito españoles, seleccionados a partir de un estudio exploratorio atendiendo a los siguientes criterios: influencers presentes en YouTube e Instagram, edad (18-30 años), orientación sexual, notoriedad (entre 200.000 y 34 millones en el canal de YouTube) y variedad temática de su canal. A través de análisis de contenido  de 1000 comentarios, se identifican los argumentos y los elementos comunes que proporcionan los y las seguidores/as. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, que la identificación con los youtubers emerge como una categoría importante, destacando la identificación aspiracional y la similitud con el influencers, y, por otro lado, que los seguidores valoran, especialmente, el humor y la personalidad del youtuber, seguido de su atractivo físico, y, en menor medida, de su inteligencia y riqueza/éxito. Se subraya el interés de seguir ahondando en la investigación en torno al impacto de los influencers en la formación de los más jóvenes, tanto a través del análisis de sus contenidos y representaciones, como de su recepción e interpretación.
Los niños como creadores de contenido en YouTube e Instagram.
Authors: Gómez Erika Fernández , Vázquez Jessica Fernández , Fernández Beatriz Feijóo
Published: January 2022

En este artículo se estudia de qué manera los kidinfluencers (influencers menores de 15 años) construyen contenido en YouTube e Instagram y cómo integran el branded content para marcas. Para ello, se toman como referencia los doce perfiles de kidinfluencers en español activos y con un mayor número de seguidores y se analiza cómo incorporan la presencia de marca en los formatos audiovisuales que crean, qué información proporcionan y cómo a través del storytelling y la creatividad conectan con su audiencia. Además de contenido autopromocional, las marcas llegan a tener un importante protagonismo, especialmente aquellas presentadas a través de los juegos. Si bien se detecta la guionización para hacerlo más atractivo, las marcas conviven con una alta presencia de errores lingüísticos, opiniones y comentarios que evidencian cómo los videos son creados por menores a pesar de que se incorpore la postproducción. Es destacable que en ambas redes sociales se evita señalizar el contenido comercial, tanto en el video como en el título del mismo.
TikTok y Twitch: nuevos medios y fórmulas para impactar en la Generación Z
Authors: García Rivero Ainhoa , Martínez Estrella Eva Citlali , Bonales Daimiel Gema
Published: January 2022

El desinterés de los jóvenes por los medios tradicionales y su sustitución por plataformas de vídeo bajo demanda y redes sociales ha provocado que TikTok y Twitch se conviertan en las principales fuentes de información y entretenimiento para ellos, exigiendo una evolución en los contenidos de las marcas (IAB, 2021).
El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la percepción que tiene la Generación Z en España sobre la comunicación comercial de las marcas con mayor presencia en TikTok y Twitch, así como establecer su nivel de reconocimiento. Asimismo, se determina la usabilidad de estas redes y qué acciones comunicativas son las más aceptadas por este segmento de edad.
Para ello se ha realizado una técnica mixta, basada principalmente en la realización de un focus group a ocho jóvenes, cinco entrevistas a expertos y una encuesta (n=420). La principal conclusión es que a la industria publicitaria le falta transformar sus estrategias de comunicación dirigidas a la Generación Z. También, los jóvenes recuerdan más a las marcas que aparecen como patrocinadoras en eventos de Twitch; además, las marcas son mejor valoradas en Twitch que en TikTok. Respecto a la usabilidad, estas plataformas ya no solo proporcionan entretenimiento, sino que se han convertido en herramientas para estudiar y en medios de socialización.
Neuromarketing: concepto, evolución histórica y retos
Authors: Cenizo Coral
Published: January 2022

En un mundo cada vez más competitivo, muchos expertos y teóricos siguen buscando la respuesta al Santo Grial del marketing: ¿qué lleva a los consumidores a elegir un producto en lugar de otro? ¿Qué factores influyen en la percepción que tiene un consumidor de una marca? Muchos creen que la clave está en el neuromarketing. Sin embargo, esta disciplina se enfrenta hoy a un profundo desconocimiento, tanto en la comunidad científica como empresarial, que está originando incertidumbre sobre las posibilidades reales que ofrece. Este artículo pretende arrojar más luz sobre esta materia, analizando para ello su evolución histórica —desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad—, así como su conceptualización y los retos a los que se enfrenta, mediante una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica publicada hasta el momento. Los resultados ofrecen un completo estado de la cuestión, esencial para entender el significado real del término neuromarketing, la situación de inestabilidad en la que se encuentra la disciplina, las limitaciones que están constriñendo su desarrollo y las carencias investigadoras. El artículo constituye una piedra angular sobre la que sustentar futuras investigaciones o aplicaciones prácticas del neuromarketing.
El valor de la expresión visual para transmitir valores en el entorno digital
Authors: Llorente Barroso Carmen
Published: January 2022

Gema Bonales-Daimiel, profesora de Dirección de Arte y Redacción Publicitaria de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, presenta en su obra Análisis iconográfico de la publicidad automovilística en Internet, un exhaustivo estudio visual, compositivo y de significación corporativa, de la publicidad digital realizada por las marcas de este sector. El objetivo de Bonales-Daimiel es averiguar los valores que estas marcas transmiten a través de las características iconográficas de sus anuncios online.
Niños y jóvenes ante los dispositivos: nuevos fenómenos comunicativos y nuevos creadores de producto
Authors: Pastor Esther Martinez , Vizcaíno Pérez José Ricardo , López Medel Ismael
Published: January 2022

Los creadores de contenidos en las diferentes plataformas (como YouTube, Instagram o TikTok) son cada vez son más jóvenes. Los niños y adolescentes son protagonistas de este fenómeno tanto en la creación como en el consumo de los mismos. Los medios tradicionales se han relegado a un segundo plano dejando un claro protagonismo a las plataformas de intercambios de contenido (videos, fotografías, etc.). A través de estos últimos generan mensajes hacia sus iguales con los mismos lenguajes, códigos, preferencias y gustos. Esto promueve un gran interés de las marcas comerciales para estar presentes en este entorno digital. Estas son las cuestiones en las que ahonda este monográfico, donde sus textos nos recuerdan viejos fantasmas de la educación en medios, nos muestran los principales rasgos de los contenidos creados por niños como influencers, las posibles razones por los que algunos influencers consiguen agradar a sus seguidores o la actitud crítica de la audiencia frente a la relación menores-publicidad. El fenómeno fan y su canalización desde las series de ficción a las redes sociales completan el panorama del monográfico.
Electrical properties of ZnO/\begin{document}${\boldsymbol{\beta}} $\end{document}-Bi2O3 interfaces featuring aggregation defect under external electric fields
Authors: Li Ya-Sha , Liu Shi-Chong , Liu Qing-Dong , Xia Yu , Hu Huo-Ran , Li Guang-Zhu ,   College of Electrical and New Energy, Three Gorge University, Yichang 443002, China
Published: January 2022

The safe operation of power equipment largely depends on the overvoltage protection level of the arrester. The ZnO varistors are widely used as the core components of the arresters in power systems because of the excellent nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics. In order to study the electrical properties of ZnO varistors under different external electric fields from the microstructure, the method of first-principles based on density functional theory (DFT) is used, and structure of ZnO/β-Bi2O3 interface containing zinc interstitial (Zni) and oxygen vacancy (Vo) defects is built. The results show that the Vo defect migrates after full relaxation. The Zni shifts to the interface under an external electric field. The interface energy increases rapidly after the electric field intensity has exceeded 0.1 V/Å, which means that the interaction force between the interfaces becomes larger, the distance between ZnO and β-Bi2O3 layers decreases, and the conductivity increases rapidly. The differential charge density, work function and Bader charge analysis method are used to calculate the barrier height at the interface, which proves that the built-in electric field is an important cause ingredient responsible for the non-linear volt-ampere characteristics of ZnO varistors. The effects of atomic orbital energy level, trap energy level and energy gap on the macroscopic conductivity of ZnO varistors are analyzed by using the method of density of states analysis. In this work are analyzed the different electrical parameters of the ZnO/β-Bi2O3 interface with aggregation defects by adjusting the intensity of the external electric field, and a new idea is provided for learning the electrical characteristics of ZnO varistors.
Numerical study of asymmetric breakup behavior of bubbles in Y-shaped branching microchannels
Authors: Pan Wen-Tao , Wen Lin , Li Shan-Shan , Pan Zhen-Hai ,   School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: January 2022

Microfluidic technology based on microchannel two-phase flow has been widely used. The precise control of the bubble or droplet size in the channel plays a crucial role in designing the microfluidic systems. In this work, the bubble breakup behavior in Y-shaped microchannel is reconstructed based on the volume of fluid method (VOF), and the effects of bubble dimensionless size (1.2–2.7), outlet flow ratio (1–4) and main channel Reynolds number (100–600) on the bubble breakup behavior are systematically investigated. The bubble asymmetric breakup process is found to be divided into three stages: extension stage, squeeze stage, and rapid pinch-off stage. In the case of small initial bubble size or relatively high outlet flow rate, the bubble does not break, but only experiences the extension stage and the squeezing stage. Four flow patterns of bubble breakup are further revealed for the bubbles with different sizes and outlet flow ratios: tunnel-tunnel breakup, obstruction-obstruction breakup, tunnel-obstruction breakup, and non-breakup. With the increase of outlet flow ratio, the breakup process of the bubble gradually becomes asymmetrical, and the flow pattern shifts along the tunnel-tunnel breakup and the obstruction-obstruction breakup, gradually turns toward the tunnel-obstruction breakup and non-breakup. On this basis, the critical flow ratio of bubble breakup and the variation of daughter bubble volume ratio with outlet flow ratio are obtained for different Reynolds numbers and initial bubble sizes, and the corresponding criterion correlation equation is refined, which can provide theoretical guidance for accurately regulating the daughter bubble size after breakup.
Effects of TaC microparticles on structure and properties of micro-arc oxidation coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Ding Zhi-Song , Gao Wei , Wei Jing-Peng , Jin Yao-Hua , Zhao Chen , Yang Wei ,   School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the corrosion resistance and wear properties of the micro arc oxidatin (MAO) coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the marine environment, TaC-doped MAO coatings are prepared by adding different concentrations of TaC microparticles with a particle size of about 1 μm into the silicate-based electrolyte. The morphology, elemental distribution and composition of the coatings are characterized and analyzed by SEM, EDS and XPS. The thickness, roughness, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance for each of the three MAO coatings are evaluated and their corresponding values of these coatings are compared with each other. The results show that by adding TaC microparticles into the base electrolyte, TaC and Ta2O5 are present in the MAO coatings on titanium alloy. Compared with the MAO coating without TaC, the surface morphology of the coating with TaC is dense and the hardness is increased by about 83.2%. The friction coefficient of the coating in the simulated seawater decreases from 0.2 to 0.148, changing from serious abrasive wear to slight adhesive wear. The corrosion current density of this coating decreases by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, by constructing the wear and corrosion failure model of the MAO coatings in the simulated seawater, the internal mechanism of doping TaC microparticles into the MAO coating to improve its corrosion resistance and wear resistance is revealed.
Correlation of Detrusor Wall Thickness with International Prostate Symptom Score: A Cross-sectional Study of Nigerian Men with Prostate-Related Diseases
Authors: Ulebe Obasi Augustine , Mbaeri Timothy Uzoma , Abiahu Joseph Amauzo , Aronu Michael Echeta , Oranusi Kingsley Chidi , Nwofor Alexander Maduaburochukwu , Orakwe Jideofor Chukwuma , Mbonu Okechukwu Obiora
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO) due to prostate- related diseases can lead to changes in bladder wall resulting in detrusor wall thickening. These changes are time-dependent and may reflect the severity of underlying BOO. Although urodynamic tests are considered to be the gold standard for the assessment of the severity of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS), these are time-consuming, invasive and expensive. The Detrusor Wall Thickness (DWT) measurement has emerged as a cheap, non invasive and reproducible alternative means of assessing the severity of LUTS in men with BOO. Aim: To determine the correlation between the DWT and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) in men being evaluated for prostate-related BOO/LUTS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted over a period of 12 months (May 2014 to April 2015), at Urology Clinics of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi. All 100 new consecutive male patients aged ≥40 years with prostate-related LUTS and who can achieve bladder volume of >250 mL were included in the study. The DWT was measured at three different sites (anterior, lateral and dome) at bladder volume >250 mL. Ethical approval was attained from the institutional ethical review board. Severity of LUTS was assessed using a validated IPSS questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the correlation. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 100 men with the mean age of 71.02±9.10 years were studied. The mean duration of symptoms was 30.63±26.60 months with the average IPSS being 20.94±6.13. A total of 43 patients and 57 patients had moderate and severe LUTS, respectively. None of the patients had mild LUTS. The mean anterior, lateral, dome and average DWT measurements were 4.95±2.36 mm, 4.96±2.37 mm, 5.02±2.34 mm and 4.97±2.35 mm, respectively. A total of 97 patients had DWT ≥2 mm. There was a significant positive correlation between the DWT and IPSS (r2=0.635 and p<0.001). Conclusion: The positive correlation between the DWT and IPSS has demonstrated that the DWT measurement can be used in assessing the severity of LUTS in men with prostate-related diseases.
Comparison between Autologous Blood and Fibrin Glue for Adhering Conjunctival Autografts after Pterygium Excision- A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Sune Mona , Sune Pradeep
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Fibrin glue is a biological tissue adhesive and acts on the principle of final stages of the coagulation cascade. The cost of commercially available products is very high and not affordable for the patients of low socio-economic strata. As an alternative, pterygium surgery was done using patient’s own blood to adhere the conjunctival autograft to scleral bed by the process of coagulation of fibrin from the oozing blood from the blood vessels under the flap. Aim: To compare autologous blood and fibrin glue for adhering conjunctival autografts after pterygium excision. Materials and Methods: It was a randomised clinical trial. Total 97 subjects with primary pterygium who visited the Ophthalmology Department were randomised into two groups. In group A (n=31), patients had undergone pterygium excision wherein conjunctival autograft was attached by fibrin glue. In group B (n=66) the graft was attached by autologous blood present on the scleral bed. Mean operative time for the procedures were compared. Follow- up was done for 12 months and all subjects were examined for postoperative pain, foreign body sensation, inflammation, graft stability and recurrence. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 48.32±14.3 years (21-65 years), and in group B was 54.48±15.67 (23-74 years). Mean operating time in group A was 23.21±9.4 minutes and 13.7±4.3 minutes in group B, (p-value=0.001). Postoperative pain of mild degree was present in all the 31 (100%) subjects of group A. In group B, pain was absent in 32 (48.5%) and mild degree in 34 (51.5%) subjects. No recurrence was found in both the groups. Mean follow-up period was 11.4 months. Conclusion: This study concludes that autologous blood is a useful alternative method for graft attachment in pterygium surgery without the untoward complications related to fibrin glue.
Prevalence of Anaemia in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Absence of Renal Impairment: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Reddy Sandeep S , Sarma Ankita
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Despite an increasing incidence of diabetic nephropathy, undermining the renal production of Erythropoietin (EPO), there are significant number of studies being reported with anaemia among diabetic patients with renal insufficiency, implicating numerous theoretical pathogenesis. Its impact being ignored over the years among Indian contexts, women and men in rural Southern India are particularly vulnerable to anaemia. The associated risk factors and occurrence of anaemia in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) can be seen even in the absence of renal insufficiency. Aim: To determine the prevalence of anaemia in T2DM patients with normal renal function and assessment of its association with sociodemographic characteristics, biochemical and haematological variables. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months from December 2018 to May 2019 on total of 150 patients with T2DM, attending the Outpatient Department, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India. All the patients of either sex, aged between 18-60 years, with a duration of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) more than five years, with no renal involvement, were included in the study. All statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The Chi-square test, Z-test was used for data analysis. Results: Among the 150 subjects, 86 (57.3%) were classified to be anaemic, with a mean age of 53 years whereas, 64 (42.6%) were classified as non anaemics with a mean age of 50 years. The mean duration of diabetes was found to be 10.5 years among anaemics and 9.7 years among non anaemics. Compared to non anaemics subjects, drug therapy with both Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents (OHA) and insulin showed a statistically significant difference among diabetic subjects with anaemia. The high prevalence of normocytic anaemia (52.3%) suggests the importance of non renal causes of anaemia in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Patients with T2DM have an independent risk for anaemia irrespective of renal insufficiency, posing a significant adverse effect on the quality of life and the progression of the underlying disease with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hence, management of diabetic patients should include mandatory routine haematological tests, with consideration of advancing age and poor glycaemic control.
An Audit of Management of Chronic Pancreatitis with Pancreatic Ductal Disruption Resulting in Ascites and Pleural Effusion
Authors: Kulkarni Mukund Prabhakar , Chatni Sanjeev , Nayakar Nagaraja
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Pancreatic Ductal Disruption (PDD) may remain a localised collection to form pseudocyst or dissect into adjacent organs or rupture freely into the peritoneal cavity or pleural cavity resulting in massive or high-volume ascites or pleural effusions. The management of pseudocyst is well known among general and gastrosurgeons, but ascites and plural effusion remain difficult decisions. Depending on the availability of resources total parenteral nutrition, octreotide, pancreatic duct stenting are used with varying success. There are no guidelines as to which intervention is preferable in different clinical scenarios. Aim: To audit the clinical characters and management of patients with pancreatic ascites and pleural effusion. Materials and Methods: This study was done at the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi, Karnataka, India. Fifty two patients with pancreatic ascites or pancreatico pleural fistula in the background of chronic pancreatitis satisfying both inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified and studied from the prospectively maintained database of patients with chronic pancreatitis in the period from September 2010 to September 2020. The patients were classified as conservatively managed, endoscopic main pancreatic duct stenting or surgery. Statistical analysis was done using windows excel. The results were expressed as percentage, mean and Standard Deviation (SD). Results: Five patients with ascites and two patients with pleural effusion responded completely to conservative measures (13.4%). In one of them ascites recurred at two months and one had left pleural effusion recurrence at one month. Fifteen patients died while on conservative management (68.2% mortality). Among eight patients undergoing endoscopic pancreatic duct stenting, ascites/pleural effusion resolved in six (75% success rate) and remained asymptomatic during mean follow-up of 12 months. Two patients who were not improving after stenting were lost to follow-up. Twenty-two patients underwent surgery namely lateral pancreatojejunostomy with resolution of symptoms. Two patients undergoing surgery died in postoperative period due to sepsis and chest infection (9.1% mortality). At a mean follow-up of 14 months they remained symptom free. Conclusion: Conservative management alone has high mortality. Early aggressive management can aim to stop leak either by pancreatic duct stenting or surgical lateral pancreatojejunostomy will help reduce mortality and morbidity.
Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke: A Multicentric Cohort Study
Authors: Bhana Indu , Ojha Archana , Pandey Rajendra Kumar , Singh Durgvijay , Chourasiya Mahendra
Published: January 2022

Introduction: India reports high prevalence of stroke, both in rural and urban areas. Secondary prevention is very important in patients with stroke to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with it. Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for stroke which can lead to cerebrovascular insult. Aim: To study the prevalence of AF in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and to obtain the association between the parameters such as age, gender, stroke territory and stroke severity by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Materials and Methods: In this multicentric cohort study, 150 patients with acute ischaemic stroke (new onset or recurrent) were studied at tertiary care centres located in Indore (Madhya Pradesh), Prayagraj, Moradabad and Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) from January 2020 to January 2021. Age, gender, stroke territory and stroke severity by NIHSS was recorded and compared between those with and without AF. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association and obtaining significance. Results: Prevalence of AF in patients with stroke was 8% (n=12), which was significantly high in female population (8 out of 12; p=0.025), those with age more than 60 years (10 out of 12; p=0.011), with atrial dilatation (9 out of 12; p=0.124), patients with severe stroke as per NIHSS (7 out of 12; p=0.001) and those with poor outcome (8 out of 12; p=0.012). Conclusion: In the present study, 8% of the stroke patients had AF with stroke. Elderly age, female sex, and large atrial size on Echocardiogram (ECHO) should be intensively investigated for AF in stroke patients.
Role of Arterial Serum Lactate as a Predictor of Undifferentiated Shock on Admission and its Outcome- A Cohort Study
Authors: Sharma Avadhesh Kumar , Beke Nandakumar , Patki Dattatray , Bahulikar Arun , Phalgune Deepak Sadashiv
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Patients with elevated serum lactate levels may be at risk for considerable morbidity and mortality and require a prompt, thoughtful and systematic approach for diagnosis and treatment. Aim: To find an association of on admission arterial serum lactate with outcome in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Materials and Methods: This observational cohort study was conducted on 168 patients at Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India, between June 2018 to November 2019 after obtaining Institutional Ethical Clearance. The patients included were above 18 years of age who had Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) <90 mmHg, Heart Rate (HR) >100/min and Respiratory Rate (RR) >20/min. The arterial serum lactate level were examined on the day of admission, 12 hours and 24 hours. The need of ionotropic support, duration of ICU stay and mortality in one month was noted. The primary outcome measures were to study the association of on admission arterial serum lactate level with a duration of ICU stay and in-hospital mortality, whereas the secondary outcome measure was to study the association of on admission arterial serum lactate with the requirement of ionotropic support. Analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, version 20.0. Results: The incidence in-hospital mortality was 20 (22.7%) out of 88 and 3 (3.8%) out of 80 in patients whose serum lactate levels on admission were >36 mg/dL and ≤36 mg/dL, respectively (p-value=0.002). The median duration of ICU stay was six and three days in patients whose serum lactate levels on admission were >36 mg/dL and ≤36 mg/dL, respectively (p-value=0.001). A 87 (98.9%) patients whose serum lactate levels >36 mg/dL on admission had the higher requirement of inotropes as compared to 35 (50.7%) patients whose serum lactate levels were ≤36 mg/dL. The percentage of patients whose serum lactate level >36 mg/dL, had a significantly higher Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scores and higher Shock Index (SI). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum lactate levels and qSOFA score (r=0.555) and SI (r=0.559). Conclusion: Initial serum lactate level was associated with higher in-hospital mortality, the higher requirement of inotropic support and longer duration of ICU stay.
Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in an Anomalous Left Circumflex Artery: Search for the Hidden Culprit
Authors: Mathew Cinosh , Sharma Ashish , Saxena Nishant , Rawal Jayesh
Published: January 2022

Congenital coronary anomalies are rarely detected in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. They pose a challenge in delay to identify the anomalous artery as well as difficulty in engaging the anomalous vessel. The present case report was of 56-years-old male patient presented with acute onset of chest pain. On evaluation, his electrocardiogram was suggestive of ST segment elevation in inferior leads. He underwent diagnostic coronary angiogram which revealed totally occluded Left Circumflex Artery (LCx) arising anomalously from right coronary osteum. Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) of LCx could not be performed with routine guide catheters necessitating the use of special multipurpose guide catheter with balloon support. The case highlights the need for the knowledge of coronary anatomy and anomalous origins of coronary arteries and the selection of appropriate guiding catheters and coronary wires.
Perspectives on biotic responses to repeated wildfires from decades of long-term empirical studies
Authors: Lindenmayer David , Bowd Elle , MacGregor Chris , McBurney Lachlan
Published: January 2022

Fire can have marked impacts on biodiversity and on ecosystem condition. However, it is the sequence of multiple fires over a prolonged period of time which can have the most marked effects on biodiversity and on ecosystem condition. A good understanding of these effects comes from long-term studies. In this article we outline some of the key perspectives on the effects of fire on ecosystems and biodiversity from two large-scale, long-term monitoring studies in south-eastern Australia. These are studies in the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria and at Booderee National Park in the Jervis Bay Territory. These studies have shown that the effects of fires are strongly influenced by: (1) The condition of an ecosystem before a fire (e.g. the age of a forest at the time it is burnt). (2) Conditions after the fire such as the extent of herbivory in regenerating vegetation and whether the ecosystem is subject to post-fire (salvage) logging. (3) Fire history (e.g. the number of past fires and the time since the previous fire). And, (4) Interactions between fire and other ecosystem drivers such as logging. We discuss some of the key implications for conservation and resource management that arise from these studies including the need to: (a) Reduce the number of stressors in some ecosystems to facilitate post-fire recovery. (b) Recognize that pre-fire human disturbances can elevate fire severity in some forest ecosystems, with corresponding negative effects on elements of the biota, and, (c) Acknowledge the inherent patchiness of wildfires and the value of unburnt areas and places burnt at low severity as critical refugia for some species; it is critical that these locations are managed accordingly (e.g. by limited additional disturbances within them). Finally, many of the insights discussed in this article have emerged only through long-term studies. More long-term monitoring and research is needed to truly understand and better manage fire in Australian ecosystems.
Effect of Particle Size and Transparent Solar Dryer Cover on the Proximate Analysis of Dried Onion
Authors: Oniya O. O. , Olatunji C. O. , Olatunji M. I. , Aremu K. O. , Adeiza O. A.
Published: January 2022

In this work, we investigate effect of particle size and transparent solar dryer cover on the proximate analysis of dried onion.

A solar drying unit was developed and constructed for drying the of red onion slices in order to determine the proximate composition of fresh and dried red onion using multi-crop direct solar dryer. Also, the evaluation and effect of particles size and multi-crop transparent solar dryer cover on the proximate analysis of red onion during drying. Consequently, the higher efficiency of the solar collector was obtained at the higher airflow rate. The moisture content of dried onion slices was strongly affected by the thickness of the onion slices and the density of the polyethylene. The final moisture content of dried onion slices ranged from 10.85% to 13.01%, 4.95% to 6.01% ash, 4.69% to 5.26% fibre, 11.17% to 13.09% fat, 6.70% to 5.60% protein and 68.64% to 68.03% carbohydrate for particle sizes of 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm dry-basis depending on drying temperature cycle for low density polyethylene cover. While the final moisture content of dried onion slices ranged from 9.85% to 12.01%, 5.96% to 6.01% ash, 3.69% to 4.26% fibre, 13.17% to 12.09% fat, 5.70% to 6.60% protein and 61.64% to 58.03% carbohydrate for particle sizes of 3 mm, 5mm and 7mm dry-basis depending on drying temperature cycle for high density polyethylene cover.
Livestock Holding and Time Spent by Farm Women in Dairying Activities in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Krishna N. Leela , Anitha A. , Rao S. Jagadeeswara , Muralidhar M.
Published: January 2022

A study was conducted to investigate the involvement of women in dairying activities in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. The study involved a total of 225 respondents covering 75 villages. The result revealed that small farm women possessed significantly (P≤0.05) more graded Murrah buffaloes (3.68±0.28), whereas women under medium farm category possessed significantly (P≤0.05) more number of local cows (0.28±0.07), Murrah buffaloes (0.45±0.21) as well as more (P≤0.01) buffalo heifers (1.22±0.14). The milk production (litres per day) (13.25±0.80), consumption (1.48±0.06) and milk consumption by women (0.16±0.07) was observed to be high in medium women dairy farmers in the study area. Milk sale per day was observed to be significantly (P≤0.05) high in small farmers (14.20±1.90). Small farm women (587.00±81.70) obtained more income (rupees/day) through dairying followed by medium (516.34±54.35) and landless (385.66±32.39) farm women. It was observed that women are spending more time on dairy activities in the study area compared to men. The time spent was more on feeding activities.
Predictors of Antenatal Depression in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Solomon Enyidah Nonyenim , Esther Nonye-Enyidah , A. Jumbo Ibiebelem
Published: January 2022

Background: Antenatal depression is very common in pregnant women all over the world. Women in the developing and poor countries are more at risk. Several risk factors have been identified and some of them may lead to unbearable pregnancy situations, that pose a threat to mother and the baby. If pregnancy must be made pleasurable for mothers, then the risk factors which predict depression in pregnancy must be identified and considered in antenatal care.

Objective: To identify risk factors which are predictors to antenatal depression in pregnant women.

Methods: Within the months of January and February 2021, all the pregnant women who registered for antenatal care in the teaching hospital, who met the study inclusion criteria were assessed for depression using the English version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS) and a study designed risk factor questionnaire, which contained socio-demographic variables and other factors. Data obtained were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. Variables were compared using chi squared and t-tests and p values < 0. 05 were statistically significant.

Results: Five hundred (500) respondents completed the study, 158 (31.6%) were depressed. Risk factors of co-habiting, threats to life, and/or pregnancy, fight with spouse and other forms of abuse, previous abortions and child health challenges, were predictors of antenatal depression.

Conclusion:  Depression in pregnancy should be part of routine antenatal care by obstetricians noting the predictors.
Medecine and Literature: A Reading of Disease in Ayi Kwei Armah’s the Healers
Authors: Kone Klohinlwélé
Published: January 2022

Illness is no new subject in the history of african literature. It has fecunded the narratives of many generations. As a true metaphor of the state of the culture and society presented in the narrative, illness has become the symptom of a society that is sick of the corruption of its own cultural norms and values. In such a context, illness is metaphorized as an outlet for the patients to express their rejection of the prevailing social norms. Healing will consist in becoming aware of such a state of affairs and finding by oneself the ressources of one’s healing process with the help of the eponymous healers. Frantz fanon’s psychological findings of the link between society’s malfunctionning and its consequences on the individual’s mental state will be used to conduct that study. These theories will reveal the underlying social determinants of health condition.
Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) Fertilization for Improving the Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Biochemical Constituents in Capsicum Hybrids
Authors: Behera Prakash Ranjan , Chitdeshwari T. , Malarvizhi P. , Sivakumar U. , Vethamoni P. Irene
Published: January 2022

Micronutrients, particularly Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn), play a vital role in the growth and development of plants due to their catalytic effect on many metabolic processes. However, the biochemical responses to the applied micronutrients vary with cultivars and their species. A screening experiment was conducted during 2020 to know the antioxidants enzyme activities and biochemical constituents in response to iron and zinc fertilization by six capsicum hybrids grown in grow bags under shade net conditions. The experiment consists of three treatments viz., Control (No Fe & Zn), 50 kg FeSO4 and 37.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 as a basal soil application with six capsicum hybrids viz., Indra, Priyanka, Inspiration, Massilia, Bachata, and Local green. Leaf samples of the capsicum hybrids were collected at Fruiting stage and analysed for antioxidant enzyme activities. The fruit samples were used for quantifying the biochemical constituents. The results revealed that, application of ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) to capsicum hybrids increased the biochemical constituents in fruits and the antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves. Out of the six hybrids tested, Indra possessed higher ascorbic acid content (9.20 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight), acidity (6.0), and total soluble solids (6.10 Brix) in the fruits, which was followed by Inspiration and Bachata. The superoxide dismutase (6.70 unit’s mg-1 protein) and peroxidase (6.90 unit’s g-1 fresh weight) activities were also higher with the same genotypes. The biochemical constituents and antioxidant  enzyme  response to Zn addition was better than Fe.  There was 13.2, 10.9 and 9.5 per cent increase in titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content in the fruits of Indra due to ZnSO4 application.The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering revealed that Indra is highly responsive to Zn and Fe fertilization, while the local green showed very less response. The rest of the genotypes such as Inspiration, Bachata, Massilia, and Priyanka, are medium responsive for Zn and Fe fertilization.
Exploration of Phytopharmacognostic Study of Alianthus excelsa Roxb.(Simaroubaceae) Leaves
Authors: Shinde Poonam , Bhambar Rajendra , Patil Pankaj
Published: January 2022

Aim: The purpose of this research is to look at the pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of Alianthus excelsa leaves. Methods and Materials: The tree Alianthus excelsa Roxb. belongs to the Simaroubaceae family and is native to Central and Southern India. The entire methanolic extract of Alianthus excelsa leaves was examined for its microscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical, isolation, characterisation, and anti-inflammatory activities. Leaf powder was tested for total ash, water soluble, acid insoluble, alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive, moisture content, and fluorescence property.

Results: Carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and amino acids were found in the leaf methanolic oven dried extract. To determine the existence of phenolic content in extracts, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were calculated. Phytoconstituents such as flavonoids and saponin glycoside were found in the leaf sections throughout the experiment, which were isolated using column chromatography and characterised using IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Three flavonoids and one flavonoid
Insulin Resistance in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Their First Degree Relatives- An Observational Study
Authors: Sati Aarti , Varma Amit , Kumar Neeraj , Masood Tariq
Published: January 2022

Type II diabetes (T2DM) is caused by environmental, genetic, metabolic, and unknown variables. In diabetics, insulin resistance is the most of prolonged hyperglycemia. T2DM is induced by insulin resistance and cell dysfunction. The interaction of genetics and environment further complicates T2DM development. Insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction are two of the most common Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus symptoms. A vicious triangle of cell failure (80% cell function) and insulin resistance in the muscles and liver causes major physiological issues. A group of diabetes patients (Group I), non-diabetic first-degree relatives of diabetic patients (Group II), and a non-diabetic healthy control group (Group III) were studied. The diabetes patients had the greatest systolic and diastolic blood pressures, followed by first degree relatives and healthy controls. We found that people with diabetes had higher fasting (FBS) and postprandial sugar, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) than diabetic offsprings and control group. Moreover, fasting insulin levels are higher in first degree relatives than in diabetes patients in the control group. The HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) levels of diabetics and their progeny do not differ much. The HOMA-IR measures insulin resistance severity. Common reference levels for HOMA-IR insulin resistance range from 0.7 - 2. Insulin resistance in diabetics and their first-degree relatives is evident from the results.
Genomic Patterns are Associated with Different Sequelae of Patients with Long‐Term COVID‐19
Authors: Zhang Nan , Luo Xizi , Ji Xiangwen , Tian Tian , Wu Runze , Zhao Shishun , Wang Guoqing
Published: January 2025

In the post‐large era, various COVID‐19 sequelae are getting more and more attention to health problems. Although the mortality rate of the COVID‐19 infection is now declining, it is often accompanied by new clinical sequelae with different symptoms such as fatigue after infection, loss of smell. The degree of age, gender, virus infection seems to be weakly correlated with clinical symptoms. Human genetic variation plays a significant role in the sequelae of the COVID‐19 infection. This study aims to analyze the genomic differences between individuals with different COVID‐19 sequelae. In this study, the exomes of 97 patients with Omicron with 8 unique clinical manifestations are sequenced, and conducted a systematic analysis. Based on non‐negative matrix factorization algorithms, the trinucleotide mutation spectrum of four long‐term COVID‐19 genomes is summarized and found that individuals with different clinical symptoms have unique DNA mutation patterns and indel patterns. By constructing a Genomic Fingerprinting Framework, the driver genes of variation in each symptomatic population are deciphered and analyzed. This study showed that population‐specific mutational fingerprint differences are the main cause of heterogeneity in long‐term COVID‐19 sequelae. This study provides new ideas and insights into the causes of the long‐term COVID‐19 sequelae.
Generation of Multiple‐Depth 3D Computer‐Generated Holograms from 2D‐Image‐Datasets Trained CNN
Authors: Yan Xingpeng , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Yanan , Chang Hebin , Hu Hairong , Jing Tao , Li Hanyu , Zhang Yang , Xue Jinhong , Yu Xunbo , Jiang Xiaoyu
Published: January 2025

Generating computer‐generated holograms (CGHs) for 3D scenes by learning‐based methods can reconstruct arbitrary 3D scenes with higher quality and faster speed. However, the homogenization and difficulty of obtaining 3D high‐resolution datasets seriously limit the generalization ability of the model. A novel approach is proposed to train 3D encoding models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using 2D image datasets. This technique produces virtual depth (VD) images with a statistically uniform distribution. This approach employs a CNN trained with the angular spectrum method (ASM) for calculating diffraction fields layer by layer. A fully convolutional neural network architecture for phase‐only encoding, which is trained on the DIV2K‐VD dataset. Experimental results validate its effectiveness by generating a 4K phase‐only hologram within only 0.061 s, yielding high‐quality holograms that have an average PSNR of 34.7 dB along with an SSIM of 0.836, offering high quality, economic and time efficiencies compared to traditional methods.
Personalized Human Astrocyte‐Derived Region‐Specific Forebrain Organoids Recapitulate Endogenous Pathological Features of Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: Xu Jinhong , Kong Yufei , Wang Nawen , Li Huijuan , Li Yunteng , Liu Zhuo , Yang Yuling , Yu Xiao , Liu Huihui , Ding Jing , Wang Yi , Zhao Rui , Shao Zhicheng
Published: January 2025

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental malformation, the underlying mechanisms of which remain largely elusive. In this study, personalized dorsal and ventral forebrain organoids (DFOs/VFOs) are generated derived from brain astrocytes of patients with FCD type II (FCD II). The pathological features of dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells, and astrogliosis are successfully replicated in patient‐derived DFOs, but not in VFOs. It is noteworthy that cardiomyocyte‐like cells correlated with dysmorphic neurons are generated through the high activation of BMP and WNT signaling in some of the FCD‐organoids and patient cortical tissues. Moreover, functional assessments demonstrated the occurrence of epileptiform burst firing and propagative self‐assembling neuronal hyperactivity in both FCD‐DFOs and VFOs. Additionally, the heterotopic cardiomyocyte‐organoids demonstrated the capacity for cardiomyocyte contraction and rhythmic firing. The presence of these cardiomyocytes contributes to the hyperactivity of neural networks in cardioids‐DFOs assembly. In conclusion, the personalized region‐specific forebrain organoids derived from FCD patient astrocytes effectively recapitulate heterogeneous pathological features, offering a valuable platform for the development of precise therapeutic strategies.
Molten Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of Porous Precious Metal‐Based Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Fan Chenming , Gao Xin , Tang Pengyi , Wang Qiang , Li Bing
Published: January 2025

Precious metal‐based single‐atom catalysts (PM‐SACs) hosted in N‐doped carbon supports have shown new opportunities to revolutionize cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, stabilizing the high density of PM‐Nx sites remains a challenge, primarily due to the inherently high free energy of isolated metal atoms, predisposing them to facile atomic agglomeration. Herein, a molten salt‐assisted synthesis strategy is proposed to prepare porous PM1/N‐CPores (PM = Ru, Pt, and Pd) electrocatalysts with densely accessible PM‐Nx sites. A hierarchically porous N‐doped carbon substrate (N‐CPores), synthesized via the NaCl‐assisted pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8, effectively improves the utilization of PM‐Nx sites by increased reactants accessible surface area and reduced mass transfer resistance. In accordance with theoretical calculations, the as‐prepared Ru1/N‐CPores, featuring superior intrinsic active Ru‐N4 sites, exhibit outstanding ORR turnover frequency of 6.19 e− site−1 s−1, and outperforms the commercial Pt/C with a 5.3‐fold of mass activity (5.83 ± 0.61 A mg−1) at 0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. The commendable activity and stability of Ru1/N‐CPores in a real fuel cell device further affirm its practical applicability.