bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Ultrasensitive and Specific BNP Biosensor with LED Readout
Authors: So Seth , Quiñones Jorge Torres , Kim Soonkon , Choi Byoungdeog , Yun Minhee
Published: January 2024

Biosensing for diagnostics has risen rapidly in popularity over the past decades. With the discovery of new nanomaterials and morphologies, sensitivity is being constantly improved enough for reliable detection of trace biomarkers in human samples, like serum or sweat. This precision has enabled detailed research on the efficacy of biosensors. However, current biosensors suffer from reduced speed of operation. To make better use of this sensitivity, the development of a conductometric biosensor with in-situ use of an LED display can provide rapid determination of sample results, steadily pushing biosensors toward more clinical, point-of-care (POC) applications. In this research, a simple LED (laser emitting diode) was used for facile optical determination and visual output of an ultrasensitive bio-signal amplification circuit was made to interface with a b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) biosensor. Tuning circuit gain enables an elegant method for adjustable separation of concentrations into 3 discrete categories: sub-threshold, analog, and saturation regions. These regions corresponded to 0 < [C] < 500 pg/mL (LED off), 500 < [C] < 1000 pg/mL (LED varying intensity), and 1000 pg/mL < [C] (LED full intensity). System efficacy was tested using human blood serum samples from University of Pittsburgh Medical Center patients, which were able to be accurately detected and sorted for rapid lo-fi. determination without need for complex digital elements. Additional specificity testing suggests insignificant impact of non-target biomarkers.
RETRACTED: Grain-sized moxibustion enhances anti-tumor immunity of tumor cell lysate vaccine by inhibiting β-adrenergic signal pathway
Authors: Shen Weiming , Hu Dan , Gong Chenyuan , Fang Cheng , Luo Jiaojiao , Wang Lixin , Yao Chao , Wu Huangan , Zhao Chen , Zhu Shiguo
Published: January 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Does the digital economy impact the green transformation of manufacturing industry? A Spatial Econometric Analysis Based on Panel Data of Chinese Cities
Authors: DONG CHI , LIANG YUAN YUAN
Published: January 2024

In the context of the dual carbon target and the evolving green development stage, the digital economy emerges as a crucial catalyst for the green transformation of the manufacturing industry. This paper meticulously investigates the impact of the digital economy on the green transformation of manufacturing, employing panel data sourced from 263 Chinese cities spanning the period from 2011 to 2019. The key findings are as follows: (1) The digital economy significantly propels the green transformation of the manufacturing industry. Importantly, after a series of robustness tests, the conclusion remains significant. (2) Through spatial spillover effects, the digital economy plays a pivotal role in fostering the green transformation of manufacturing in neighboring regions. (3) The positive impact of the digital economy on the green transformation of the manufacturing industry is particularly pronounced in non-resource cities, central cities, and pilot cities of big data pilot zones. (4) Financial development exhibits a negative moderating effect on the green transformation of the manufacturing industry, whereas urban innovation potential demonstrates a positive moderating effect. Our findings offer empirical insights that contribute to a deeper understanding of how the manufacturing industry navigates the path of green transformation in the wake of the digital economy's development.
Detecting Methane Emissions from Space in India: analysis using EMIT and Sentinel-5P TROPOMI datasets
Authors: Siddiqui Asfa , Halder Suvankar , Kannemadugu Hareef Baba Shaeb , Prakriti  , Chauhan Prakash
Published: January 2024

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and the second highest anthropogenic emissions are recorded from CH4 on Earth. Considering its high global warming potential, the monitoring of source locations is inadvertent. The paper presented here is the first attempt (to the best of our knowledge) to comprehensively analyse the methane emissions over multiple Indian locations using satellite data. It outlays a brief background of methane emission sensors and studies carried out worldwide for estimation of the GHG. It further enumerates the potential of Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) and TROPOMI in highlighting the potential point sources of methane emissions and its concentration/emission flux in India. 17 unique plumes were identified using EMIT in states of Maharashtra (06), Rajasthan (04), Punjab (02), Gujarat (03) and Assam (02). Gujarat, Surat, Assam Uttar Pradesh and Haryana using TROPOMI were also studied. The hotspots showcase emission sources from solid waste landfill sites (SW), sewage treatment plant (STP), wetlands/marshy agriculture (WT), city sewage outlet (CS), oil and gas field (O&G), oil refinery (OR) and textile industry (TI). It was observed that EMIT can effectively be used for point source identification, monitoring and enhancement while TROPOMI is best suited for regional level methane monitoring. A sewage outlet (SO) plume in Maharashtra produced the maximum emission of 6202.9 ± 691.94 kg/hr followed by solid waste (SW) sites located in Pirana Landfill, Ahmedabad and Khajod Landfill, Surat in Gujarat. Methane monitoring is an important step towards mitigating enormous methane emissions and anomalous methane sources.
Criteria for periodic elements forming a subgroup within a locally compact
Authors: Gouiaa Marwa
Published: January 2024

An element g in G is referred to as a compact element or periodic element if g is contained within a compact subgroup of G. We denote the set of all periodic elements of G as comp(G). An evident criterion stated in the title is: comp(G) is a subgroup if and only if comp(G) is closed under multiplication. Another criterion can be given in terms of periodicity. Hence, the main aim of this note is to demonstrate that the closure of comp(G) under multiplication is equivalent to the condition that every comp(G)-periodic element is periodic.
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 22D05, 54B20.
Protective effect of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training with quercetin supplementation on the apoptosis cardiomyopathy related factors in the diabetic cardiac of obese rats
Authors: Khajehlandi Mojdeh , Bolboli Lotfali
Published: January 2024

Quercetin has significant antidiabetic effects and may help decrease blood glucose levels and increase insulin sensitivity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) with quercetin supplementation on apoptosis cardiomyopathy-related factors in the diabetic cardiac of obese rats. In this experimental study, 35 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups: healthy control (HC, n = 5), diabetic control (DC, n = 5), diabetic quercetin control (DQC, n = 5), diabetic HIIT (DHT, n = 5), diabetic MICT (DMT, n = 5), DHIIT with quercetin supplementation (DQHT, n = 5) and DMICT with quercetin supplementation (DQMT, n = 5). Rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and treated with a unique dose of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg i.p.) to create a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eight weeks of HIIT and MICT with and without quercetin were performed for the intervention groups, and quercetin supplementation was administered during the 8 weeks. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post-hoc test with a significance level of (P < 0.05). The findings showed that the protein content of AKT and PI3K significantly decreased, but FOXO3 protein content, caspase-8 gene expression, and blood glucose as well as inflammatory markers levels significantly increased (P < 0.05) by inducing DM. Eight weeks of quercetin supplementation, HIIT, and MICT training with and without quercetin supplementation significantly decreased blood glucose levels (P < 0.05). Just 8 weeks of HIIT and MICT training protected the protein content of PI3K, AKT, and caspase-8 gene expression, especially when combined with quercetin supplementation (P < 0.05). Quercetin and both training protocols improved inflammatory markers and lipid levels (P < 0.05). These changes were more effective when training protocols were combined with quercetin supplementation. Therefore, blood glucose decrease and improvement in inflammatory markers and lipid levels by quercetin injection is a promising template for developing new antidiabetic drugs. Therefore, although apoptosis was increased in the heart of diabetic rats, both exercises, especially when combined with quercetin, played a critical role in diabetic cardiomyopathy treatment by modulating the FOXO3 and PI3K/AKT pathways.
Characterization of the Temporal Stability of ToM and Pain Functional Brain Networks Carry Distinct Developmental Signatures during Naturalistic Viewing
Authors: Bhavna Km , Ghosh Niniva , Banerjee Romi , Roy Dipanjan
Published: January 2024

A temporally stable functional brain network pattern among coordinated brain regions is fundamental to stimulus selectivity and functional specificity during the critical period of brain development. Brain networks that are recruited in time to process internal states of others’ bodies (like hunger and pain) versus internal mental states (like beliefs, desires, and emotions) of others’ minds allow us to ask whether a quantitative characterization of the stability of these networks carry meaning during early development and constrain cognition in a specific way. Previous research provides critical insight into the early development of the ToM network and its segregation from the Pain network throughout normal development using functional connectivity. However, a quantitative characterization of the temporal stability of ToM networks from early childhood to adulthood remains unexplored. In this work, using a large sample of children (n=122, 3–12 years) and adults (n=33), we addressed this question based on their fMRI data during a short and engaging naturalistic movie-watching task. The movie highlights the characters’ bodily sensations (often pain) and mental states (beliefs, desires, emotions), and is a feasible experiment for young children. Our results tracked the change in temporal stability using an unsupervised characterization of ToM and Pain networks dFC patterns using Angular and Mahalanobis distance between dominant dynamic functional connectivity subspaces. Our findings reveal that both ToM and Pain networks exhibit lower temporal stability as early as 3 years and gradually stabilize by 5 years, which continues till adolescence and late adulthood (often sharing similarity with adult dFC stability patterns). Further, we find that the temporal stability of ToM brain networks is predictive of participants’ task performance in the false-belief task to access mentalization at an early age. Interestingly, higher temporal stability is predictive of the pass group, and similarly, moderate and low temporal stability are predictive of the inconsistent group and the fail group. Our findings open an avenue for applying the temporal stability of dFC subspaces of large-scale functional brain networks during cortical development to act as a biomarker for multiple developmental disorders concerning impairment and discontinuity in the neural basis of social cognition.
Real-time analysis of swimming training state based on adaptive filtering and swarm intelligence algorithm
Authors: Hao Jun
Published: January 2024

Through the sports monitoring system, can help athletes timely grasp their daily sports activities, however, the existing monitoring system still has some shortcomings. To solve this problem, we use the combination of adaptive filtering and swarm intelligence algorithm to design, and realize the real-time analysis of athletes' motion state. The filtering algorithm used in this paper is based on the filtering of the previous time, and realizes the adaptive updating of the filtering parameters of the next time without manually adjusting the parameters. The effectiveness of this method is verified by experiments, and the results are good. Because of its easy implementation and strong robustness, swarm intelligence algorithm can be used to solve a variety of complex combination problems. It can be seen from the results of system monitoring that the system can easily record and monitor their own swimming data, and develop reasonable training programs based on the data. Coaches and athletes can use this data as a basis for training and analysis, and then improve the athletes' swimming skills and competitive performance.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of in-hospital exercise rehabilitation in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with sarcopenia Effect of lifestyle management on disease status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shi Jianhua , Yin Gaojun , Shi Zhiyun , Zhang Shengjun , Wei Jing , Xue Tao , Su Xiaoqian
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of in-hospital exercise rehabilitation on glucose and lipid metabolism and healthy physical fitness in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with sarcopenia, and to provide a reference for the effective implementation of exercise rehabilitation for middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia in healthcare institutions. This study retrospectively included 122 patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia treated at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from August 2017 to August 2020 and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group was given conventional treatment and the experimental group was given exercise rehabilitation in the hospital for 12 weeks to compare the indexes related to glucose and lipid metabolism and healthy fitness in the two groups. After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and body fat percentage (P < 0.05), while high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), grip strength, lower limb extension, lower limb flexion, peak oxygen uptake were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and were more significant at 12 weeks compared to the 6-week intervention (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in any of the glucose metabolism indicators in the control group before and after the intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that at control baseline levels, HbA1c decreased significantly in the experimental group after both 6 and 12 weeks of intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in body fat percentage and a significant increase in grip strength. After 12 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed an increase in glycaemic control from 33.3–73.3%, a significant decrease in body fat percentage and a significant increase in grip strength, lower limb extension and lower limb flexion strength and peak oxygen uptake. In-hospital exercise rehabilitation can effectively improve the glycaemic and lipid profiles of patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia and enhance their health fitness, with good clinical rehabilitation effects.
Developing an Assistive Technology for Visually Impaired Persons: Ethiopian Currency Identification
Authors: Alamirew Samuel , Kebede Getnet
Published: January 2024

In this study an innovative assistive technology designed to empower visually-impaired individuals by providing them with the means to independently identify Ethiopian banknotes. Visually-impaired individuals often face challenges in recognizing and differentiating between currency denominations, hindering their financial independence and day-to-day transactions. To address this issue, we developed a novel device that attaches to standard eyeglasses and leverages state-of-the-art deep learning techniques for real-time banknote detection and recognition. An extensive dataset comprising over 15,000 annotated images of five Ethiopian birr denominations (5, 10, 50, 100, and 200 Birr) was used for training. YOLOv5 was selected as the best-performing model, attaining a mAP of 97.9%. Additionally, the study compared YOLOv5 with other popular object detection models such as SSD_MobileNet_v2 and Faster_RCNN_Inception_v2. YOLOv5 outperformed the other models in terms of both accuracy and speed. The research goes beyond the development of the device and extends to the user interface, introducing a mobile application named "Genzebe." This application seamlessly integrates with their device, allowing users to capture images of banknotes, which are then processed for denomination recognition. The application has audio output of denomination to the user. By making use of cost-effective hardware components, including a Raspberry Pi and a Pi Camera, the device is implemented and demonstrated as a practical solution that could significantly enhance the autonomy and financial inclusivity of visually-impaired individuals. In conclusion, this work showcases a highly effective and user-friendly solution for identification of Ethiopian currency.
Comparison Behaviour of Dune Sand with Reference Sands Using Direct Shear Tests
Authors: Dehkordi Pezhman Fazeli , Berga Abdelmadjid , BOUDIA Amel
Published: January 2024

The rapid increase in sand consumption, in the road sector and in building construction, is such that serious supply problems are currently posed in some countries. These problems are all the more crucial as the dune sands (due to the quality and abundance in arid regions and the other desert areas). The main objective of this study is to determine the geotechnical properties of dune sand as local materials to reduce the price of building materials. Different dune sand samples were used and their physical, mechanical and chemical properties were also examined. The properties of the dune sand were compared with standard sands to show its ability and advantage. The results show that dune sand has geotechnical and mineralogical characteristics closest to Standard sand. Results can be used to improve the geotechnical properties of dune sand as building materials.
The association of hyperlipidemia and statins use with kidney stones: a cross sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Zhou Yinglin , Hu Lei , Zhang Yu , Wang Chongyi , Liu Xuehua , Zhang Qiuhong , Wang Zhichao , Cao Jiadong , Zhou Jianfu , Xiang Songtao
Published: January 2024

Objective
To examine the association between hyperlipidemia and kidney stones, as well as whether statins use has favorable effects on kidney stones associated with hyperlipidemia risk factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was performed by using data from 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Information on the history of kidney stones and passing stones, lipid levels, and confounding factors were included. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with serum lipid levels as the exposure and presence or recurrence of kidney stones as the outcome, including adjustment for confounders and subgroup analysis.
Results
Data from 7,305 participants were analyzed, and 9.43% of the participants had history of kidney stones. Lipid blood level was observed difference in gender and ethnicity. The incidence was lowest in Black with kidney stones, and Black men had lower TG levels and higher HDL-C levels than other races. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression results demonstrated that hyperlipidemia was significantly positively associated with kidney stones (OR 1.25, 95%CI: 1.02–1.54, P < 0.05) but not with recurrent kidney stones. Statins use was positively correlated with kidney stones among participants with hyperlipidemia.
Conclusions
In summary, our study not only finds that concentrations of serum lipid vary by sex and ethnicity in the US population with a history of kidney stones self-reported, but also establishes the link between hyperlipidemia and a higher risk of developing kidney stones among adults in the US. However, statins users do not benefit from reducing the risk of kidney stone with or without hyperlipidemia.
Introduction to Freeware Metalens Design Tools and Methods
Authors: Hwang Inyong
Published: January 2024

Recently, metalenses have been widely spotlighted in miniaturized optics, and have shown potential capabilities of high numerical aperture (NA), leading to short focal lengths, and high focusing intensity efficiencies. Each metamaterial composing of the designed metalens is tightly controlled in its design for high transmission and phase distribution of scattered lights at each location required for the lens equation. This work covers design methods on how to simply find optimized individual metamaterials, and how to easily acquire metalens simulation results at 633 nm of an operating wavelength on freeware simulators, the MAXIM and SMD tools.
Scaling advantage in approximate optimization with quantum annealing
Authors: Lidar Daniel , Bauza Humberto Munoz
Published: January 2024

Quantum annealing is a heuristic optimization algorithm that exploits quantum evolution to approximately find lowest energy states [1, 2]. Quantum annealers have scaled up in recent years to tackle increasingly larger and more highly connected discrete optimization and quantum simulation problems [3–7]. Nevertheless, despite numerous attempts, a computational quantum advantage in exact optimization using quantum annealing hardware has so far remained elusive [8– 16]. Here, we present evidence for a quantum annealing scaling advantage in approximate optimization. The advantage is relative to the top classical heuristic algorithm: parallel tempering with isoenergetic cluster moves (PT-ICM) [17]. The setting is a family of 2D spin-glass problems with high-precision spin-spin interactions. To achieve this advantage, we implement quantum annealing correction (QAC) [18]: an embedding of a bit-flip error-correcting code with energy penalties that leverages the properties of the D-Wave Advantage quantum annealer to yield over 1,300 error-suppressed logical qubits on a degree-5 interaction graph. We generate random spin-glass instances on this graph and benchmark their time-to-epsilon, a generalization of the time-to-solution metric [8] for low-energy states. We demonstrate that with QAC, quantum annealing exhibits a scaling advantage over PT-ICM at sampling low energy states with an optimality gap [19] of at least 1.0%. This amounts to the first demonstration of an algorithmic quantum speedup in approximate optimization.
Anfis-Enhanced Drought Forecasting in Coimbatore District : A Statistical Approach
Authors: Radha M. , Shankar S. Vishnu , Induja I. , Kokilavani S.
Published: January 2024

Drought has a significant influence on both in the environment and in the area of agriculture, particularly farming. In this scenario, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), one of the hybrid artificial neural networks, is primarily used in this study to anticipate drought. The Coimbatore district's monthly precipitation values for the previous 39 years are used in this study. First, as the Coimbatore district primarily depends on the North-East Monsoon, SPI values are estimated at a 3-month scale using monthly precipitation values. Second, several ANFIS forecasting models are built employing the North-East Monsoon season's mean precipitation value and computed SPI value as inputs. Additionally, RMSE, MAE and coefficient of determination value (R2) were used to combine the results of the projected ANFIS model with the observed values. The best-fitting model was defined as having low RMSE, low MAE, and high R2.
The mystery of distribution of Smittia brevipennis (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)
Authors: Krasheninnikov Andrey B. , Gavrilo Maria V. , Semenchenko Alexander A.
Published: January 2024

Two new localities for Smittia brevipennis from the Franz-Josef Land Archipelago and the Vize Island, Russian Arctic, are reported. A description of larvae and female imago is given. Zero rate of mutations in the gene COI found in specimens from Canada, Alaska, Svalbard, Franz-Josef Land and Vize Island is unique for the Chironomids inhabiting such extensive range and indicates a relatively recent and rapid colonization of the high-Arctic areas by Smittia brevipennis. Possible routes and means of historical dispersal across the circumpolar range of this unusual brachypterous parthenogenetic orthoclad are discussed.
Supplementary Elevated triglycerides predispose patients to aortic dissection by increasing inflammasome-induced pyroptosis
Authors: Chen Ruoshi , Chen Xin , Fu Yufei , Yu Anfeng , Ying Chenxi , Miao Sihan , Dai Xiaoyi , Ma Liang , Ni Yiming
Published: January 2024

Aortic dissection (AD) is an acute and life-threatening disease that requires invasive therapy once the aorta has been lacerated. Although several studies have suggested that abnormal lipid metabolism is associated with the development of AD, there are no studies examining the specific mechanisms by which abnormal lipid metabolism contributes to the development of aortic dissection. The aim of this study was to investigate in depth the important role of abnormal lipid metabolism in the development of AD and its possible underlying mechanism. We applied lipid metabolism sequencing and transcriptome sequencing to detect lipid and pathway changes in the blood of AD patients and controls. We applied an AD model via β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) treatment, and at the same time, we observed the effect of a high-TG environment on AD occurrence in vivo via high-fructose feed. In addition, we applied GSDME knockout mice to reduce GSDME expression. We found that all the upregulated lipids in the serum of AD patients were triglycerides, while the downregulated lipids included mainly sphingomyelin, ceramide, and lysophosphatidylcholine. Lipid metabolism sequencing and transcriptome sequencing revealed differences in serum lipid and proteins related to inflammation. Moreover, in BAPN model mice, elevated triglyceride levels increase the occurrence of aortic dissection, whereas GSDME knockdown inhibits the occurrence of AD but does not inhibit the inflammatory response in the aorta. Elevated triglycerides induce increased pyroptosis in the aortic wall by increasing the inflammatory response in the vasculature, which leads to phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells, allowing for an increased incidence of AD.
Effect of Water on Wear of DLC Coatings in high temperature and pressurized Ethanol
Authors: Horikawa Shintaro , Mimata Junya , Umehara Noritsugu , Tokoroyama Takayuki , Murashima Motoyuki
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the impact of moisture and dissolved oxygen on the wear behavior of a-C:H:Si coatings in high-temperature high-pressure ethanol-water conditions. Friction and wear tests were conducted on hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) and silicon-containing a-C:H:Si coatings under varying moisture levels (0 vol.%, 6 vol.%) and dissolved oxygen conditions (N2, O2 10 MPa) at 120°C. The results revealed distinct wear responses between a-C:H and a-C:H:Si coatings. Under O2 pressure, a-C:H coatings showed minimal change in wear with increasing moisture levels, while a-C:H:Si coatings exhibited a notable doubling in wear, indicating higher susceptibility to moisture. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis confirmed that a-C:H:Si coatings underwent surface oxidation with increased moisture, leading to significant changes in elemental composition. Additionally, atomic force microscopy scratch tests revealed surface softening in a-C:H:Si coatings, particularly under moisture conditions. The study suggests that moisture induces surface reactions in a-C:H:Si coatings, resulting in increased wear, providing insights into the wear mechanisms influenced by moisture and dissolved oxygen in ethanol-water environments.
Machine Learning Approaches To Predict The Stability of Smart Grid
Authors: Satu Md. Shahriare , Khan Md. Imran
Published: January 2024

The smart grid is a modern solution to generate, distribute, and use energy effectively and efficiently. Ensuring the stability of the smart grid is critical to guarantee safe and consistent operation. This study proposes a machine learning model to identify smart grid stability more efficiently. To accomplish this, we collected the electrical grid stability dataset from a public machine learning repository and analyzed the correlation of individual features. Different feature selection and transformation techniques were employed to generate subsequent feature sets. Then, various classification techniques were applied to the primary and its subsets to identify the best machine-learning model for predicting smart grid stability more efficiently. The results indicated that MLP showed the highest accuracy (97.06%) for the Z-score transformed data set using Grid Search Optimization. This study demonstrates the potential of using machine learning to predict smart grid stability accurately and efficiently, providing a critical tool for improving the reliability, efficiency, and sustainability of the energy industry.
Evaluation of approaches to increase the effectiveness of various disinfectants against biofilm communities of different ages
Authors: Yushina Yu. K. , Nasyrov N. A. , Demkina E. V. , Zaiko E. V. , Reshchikov M. D.
Published: January 2024

Disinfectants are used as the main agents against microorganisms circulating on the surfaces of food enterprises. However, the adaptive ability of microorganisms to form biofilms complicates the process of surface cleaning and reduces the effectiveness of disinfectants. Modern disinfectants act against freely circulating microflora, but it is known that they are not always effective against biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigate effective disinfectant compositions with bactericidal effect on binary bacterial biofilms of different ages. The article describes the effects of disinfectants based on chlorine, peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds with enzymes in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer and increased several times on Salmonella 38, Brochothrix thermosphacta 2726 and Staphylococcus equorum 2736 planktonic cultures and binary biofilms. Binary biofilms of different ages (2 and 9 days old) were exposed to disinfectants with various active ingredients in combination with adjuvants, i. e. hydrogen peroxide 6% and various concentrations of isopropyl alcohol (30%). All products in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer did not have a disinfectant effect against the studied biofilm cultures. As a result of the work, it was found that the most effective disinfectants against multispecies biofilms were quaternary ammonium compounds in combination with enzymes and chlorine in combination with isopropyl alcohol (30%). The results obtained allow to expand knowledge about effective methods for controlling biofilms.
Analysis of antioxidant potential and study of the features of the microstructure in certain types of spices and herbs used in the meat processing industry
Authors: Pchelkina V. A. , Kupaeva N. V.
Published: January 2024

Spices and herbs are widely used in the meat processing industry to improve the taste and flavor of the food products. They contain a wide range of essential oils and biologically active components possessing antioxidant potential. Surge of spices consumption leads to their adulteration; at the same time, species identification is complex and requires increased knowledge about the peculiarities of their structure. This study researched the antioxidant potential (AOP) of six spices and three fragrant herbs, defined their structure and histological parameters of their identification. To assess AOP, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was defined using the methods of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and free radical DPPH, and the main classes of AO were identified with the help of qualitative reactions, microstructure was analyzed via three staining methods. Among six classes of AO the flavonoids were found in all extracts. All of four AO classes were found in basil and allspice. Allspice extract showed the highest TACDPPH (2,876.05 ± 19.83 µmol-eq.quercetin/l), the lowest value was found in parsley extract (157.97 ± 4.80 µmol-eq.quercetin/l). At the same time, the highest TACORAC was found in the extract of dill greens and basil greens — 9,789.51 ± 433.22 μmol-eq.quercetin/l and 9,692.91 ± 203.42 μmol-eq.quercetin/l, respectively, and its lowest content was found in ginger — 956.98 ± 241.79 µmol-eq. quercetin/l. The microstructural features of cells peculiar for each sample were defined: external protective tissues, seed hulls, storage tissue, secretory and formative tissues, and their ability to perceive staining with general and specific dyes. The results obtained make it possible to test the composition of dry spices and herbs, to reveal their presence in the ready-to-consume meat products and to exclude cases of their adulteration.
Molecular genetic methods for identifying raw materials in meat products: Diversity, opportunities and prospects
Authors: Safenkova I. V. , Vostrikova N. L. , Taranova N. A. , Zvereva E. A. , Dzantiev B. B. , Zherdev A. V.
Published: January 2024

In the current economic situation, after easing the Covid pandemic restrictions, almost all laboratories, which are focused on evaluation of the conformity of food products, have faced issues in supplying for their laboratories. In this regard, in the last years many laboratories have been forced to validate new approaches and introduce new methods for assessing conformity of the food products. Very often it is not possible to use only one method to resolve the issue of the food product ingredients, especially for the purpose of traceability of their names and the used raw materials, listed on the label. Survey of the raw food materials to determine whether they correspond to the type name is a simpler task, in contrast to survey of the multicomponent food product. Many researchers have to estimate the opportunities and feasibility of application of various methodologies in their workplaces. Therefore, this review is relevant for the researchers in this field, as it focuses on aspects and special features of similar methodologies. The prospect of molecular genetic methods for identification of the raw materials used for manufacturing of meat products is presented below. This review also represents characteristics of methods for identification of the sources of raw materials used for the manufacturing of the meat products, based on the recognition of species-specific sections within the nucleic acids structures. The variety of methods (hybridization methods, polymerase chain reaction, different types of isothermal amplifications, methods using CRISPR/Cas systems), the principles of their implementation, and achieved analytical characteristics are considered. The capacities and competitive potential of various methods are discussed, as well as approaches being developed to overcome the existing limitations.
COMPARING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY GUIDED BRONCHIAL WIDTH MEASUREMENT VERSUS CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF SELECTING DOUBLE LUMEN TUBE IN PATIENTS REQUIRING ONE LUNG VENTILATION-A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Resident, Department of Anaesthesia, Madras Medical College, Chennai., G. Manikandan , V. Senthilkumar ,   Assistant Professor of Anaesthesia, Madras Medical College, Chennai., E. Kathiravan ,   Assistant Professor of Anaesthesia, Madras Medical College, Chennai., A. Ganesh ,   Assistant professor of anaesthesia, madras medical College, Chennai.
Published: January 2024

Aim:The study was conducted to compare CT guided bronchial width measurement against conventional method of DLT insertion for one lung ventilation. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomised observational study conducted in 52 adult patients who underwent elective thoracic surgery. GroupA-based on demographic characters.. GroupB-based CT scan measurement of LMB width. Data analysis : In this study, statistical analysis was done using SAS (statistical analysis system) software. All the categorical variables were described using mean and standard deviation, while the continuous variables were described in frequency and percentages. Results:Group A(male), revealed a correlation of 68.75% . Group B(male), revealed a correlation of (88.23%). Group A(female) revealed a correlation in 70% .Group B(female) revealed a correlation of 77.7%. Conclusion: We conclude that selection of DLT by Conventional method is reliable and in patients with height of less than 160 cm, selection of DLT by CT scan measured Left Main Bronchial Diameter improves the success rate and reduces the complications.
Minimally invasive differential diagnosis of melanocytic intraocular neoplasms
Authors: Tsygankov A. Yu. , Saakyan S. V. , Myakoshina E. B. , Burdennyi A. M. , Loginov V. I.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: to analyze the mutation frequency of the GNAQ/GNA11 gene in circulating tumor DNA and genotypes of the polymorphic marker C3435T of the ABCB1 gene in a large sample of patients with intraocular melanocytic neoplasms (IMN).

Material and methods. In an open prospective study performed in 2015–2022, 272 IMN patients with intraocular melanocytic neoplasms aged 28 to 87 (ave. 58.3 ± 12.6), including 187 females (68.8 %) and 85 males (31.2 %), were divided into three groups depending on the nature of the tumor focus: Group I, n = 141, progressing choroidal melanomas; Group II, n = 67, stationary melanomas, and Group III, n = 64, choroidal nevi.

Results. In Group I, at least one mutation in the GNAQ/GNA11 gene was detected in 134 patients (95.0 %). Of these, 35 patients (24.8 %) revealed two mutations, and 16 patients (11.3 %) had 3 mutations. In Group II, one mutation was detected in 49 patients (73.1 %), of which three patients (4.5 %) had two mutations. In Group III, one mutation in the GNAQ/GNA11 gene was detected in 13 patients (20.3 %). When comparing the overall frequency of mutations in the GNAQ/GNA11 genes in Groups I and II, significant differences were obtained (OR = 7.03 (2.77 to 17.86), F = 0.000015, ξ2 = 20.6), with Group I having mutations identified in 95 % of cases and Group II, in 73.1 %. Significant differences were also obtained when comparing the frequency of the studied mutations in Groups I and III (OR = 75.1 (28.36 to 198.86), F = 0.0000001, ξ2 = 121.15) with a frequency of 20.3 % in Group III. The frequency of mutations in the GNAQ/GNA11 genes was significantly higher in Group II than in Group III (OR = 10.68 (4.73 to 24.1), F = 0.0000001, ξ2 = 36.64). The frequencies of heterozygous mutations in all 4 exons were significantly higher in Group I than in Groups II and III, except for the GNAQ183 gene when comparing Groups I and II. Heterozygous mutations in all 4 exons were significantly more frequent in Group II than in Group III. Homozygous mutations were found only in Group I patients, but, in spite of this, no significant differences were detected when comparing them with other groups. The frequency of genotype CC of the polymorphic marker C3435T of ABCB1 gene was significantly lower in Group I as compared to Group II, whilst the frequency of genotype CT was significantly higher than in group II.

Conclusion. The general analysis of molecular genetic studies of 272 patients with intraocular melanocytic neoplasms showed a direct correlation between the frequency of detection of mutations in genes and the size and source of the tumor. The obtained results substantiate both screening of patients from risk groups and differentiation of patients depending on the size and source of the tumor.
Double-step calculation of the intraocular lens power in lens opacities excluding the measurement of axial eye length by optical biometry. A clinical case
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Danilenko E. V. , Nevin N. V. , Kozhevnikov E. Yu.
Published: January 2024

The main source of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation errors in phacoemulsification (PE) is axial length (AL) measurement inaccuracy in cases if optical biometry cannot be used.

bto describe an original double-step method of IOL power calculation in lens opacities which exclude AL measurement with optical biometry.

Material and methods. Patient S. (male, 71) with a bilateral immature cataract underwent right eye phacoemulsification (PE) with no IOL implantation. After that, AL was measured in the aphakic state with transparent optical media and used in combination with preoperative anterior segment biometry data to calculate the IOL power. In the second stage, a selected lens with an extended focus range was implanted.

Results. The patient was examined and discharged on the second day after surgery with visual acuity OD 0.3 sph +0.25 cyl -0.75 ax150 = 0.5 and signs of moderate postoperative keratopathy. After 2 weeks, uncorrected visual acuity was as high as 0.9 and could not be further corrected by spectacle lenses. The patient was admitted for surgical treatment of the left eye cataract and also operated in two stages. The AL measured by the optical method in the aphakic state, was 0.31 mm less than that measured before the operation. Six months after PE with IOL implantation, distance visual acuity in both eyes was 1.2, the patient could use binocular vision for reading and PC work with no difficulty.

Conclusion. The double-step approach to IOL power calculation is justified in cases of strong decrease of crystalline lens transparency, especially in complicated cases, for example, in high myopia or “premium” lens implantation, in which patients are especially sensitive to correct target refraction, even though this approach requires a delayed IOL implantation, which should take place after a precise calculation of AL taken in the aphakic state.
Criteria for choosing the energy of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Ioshin I. E. , Tolchinskaya A. I. , Maksimov I. V.
Published: January 2024

For a long time, the main parameter of micropulse cyclophotocoagulation (mTS-CPC) operation planning has been the calculated total energy. However, this indicator alone is not enough to determine more accurate correlations between exposure parameters and treatment outcomes.

Purpose: to determine the criteria for choosing energy parameters to be used in mTS-CPC in refractory glaucoma patients.

Material and methods. We propose a more reliable indicator of mTS-CPC clinical results, the energy flow, which is calculated from the speed of the probe movement. We developed and used a new strategy for conducting mTS-CPC: dividing the hemispheres of the ocular surface into 4 quadrants for a better control of the light guide movement while maintaining the selected speed. The standardized protocol for conducting the procedure has been modified so that the calculated energy flow is 121.8 J/cm2.

Results. The evaluation of the treatment results of 140 patients according to the Kaplan Meier criteria showed the success of the treatment. IOP fell by 30 %, as compared with the baseline in the advanced stage, and by 20 % in the terminal stage, causing no complications. 12 months after the follow-up start, IOP compensation was noted in 81.3 % of cases.

Conclusion. The presented modification of mTS-CPC using the energy flow parameters makes it possible to unify the technology of laser treatment, and the results obtained demonstrate a good and uncomplicated hypotensive effect. The availability of standardized energy indicators allows for a selective treatment tactics, depending on the individual characteristics of glaucomatous patients.
Optical coherence tomography-angiography for anterior uveal tract evaluation in normal subjects and in pathology
Authors: Kiseleva T. N. , Saakyan S. V. , Makukhina V. V. , Lugovkina K. V. , Milash S. V. , Musova N. F. , Izmailova N. S. , Zharov A. A.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: to assess the potentials of optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA) in the evaluation of anterior segment (AS) uveal vessels in normal and pathological conditions.

Material and methods. 20 healthy volunteers (40 eyes) with no ophthalmic pathology (the control group) and 85 previously untreated patients (85 eyes) with suspected tumors of the irido-ciliary area (the iris, the ciliary body and the peripheral sections of the choroid) were examined. All participants had optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCTA of AS, with the qualitative assessment of scans (vessels pattern, lumen, tortuosity) and the quantitative assessment (vessel density index, VD%, for the affected zone). In ciliary body or choroid pathologies, VD index was measured for the conjunctiva in the focus projection. VD index included mean and local VD, as well as VD of perifocal tissues. In addition, B-mode ultrasound scanning and ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed.

Results. OCTA scans in 4 sectors of the normal iris showed a predominantly radial pattern of conjunctival vessels positioning, with their lumen remaining the same along their entire visible length. The lowest VD value (38.5%) was registered in the temporal iris segment, while the highest (43.9%) was revealed in the inferior quadrant. In the iris tumors area, intrinsic vascularity molded in various vascular patterns was observed. Melanomas could be suspected because of the vessels oriented along the axis of the tumor and by non-uniform lumen of the vessels.

Conclusion. AS-OCTA is an informative method for the visualization of iris vessels in normal conditions and in iris pathology and may be considered a valuable addition to the standard visualization techniques.