bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Significance of Platelet‐Derived Chloride Ion Channel Gene (BEST3) Through Platelet‐Related Subtypes Mining for Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ren Hanxiao , Du Meng‐Ze , Liao Yulin , Zu Ruiling , Rao Lubei , Xiang Run , Zhang Xingmei , Liu Shan , Zhang Peiyin , Leng Ping , Qi Ling , Luo Huaichao
Published: December 2024

This study investigates platelet‐related subtypes in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and seeks to identify genes associated with prognosis, focusing on the clinical significance of the chloride ion channel gene BEST3. We utilised sequencing and clinical data from GEO, TCGA and the Xena platform, building a risk model based on genetic features. TCGA and GSE37745 served as training cohorts, while GSE50081, GSE13213, GSE30129 and GSE42127 were validation cohorts. Immunotherapy datasets (GSE135222, TCGA‐SKCM) were also analysed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Limma, subtypes through ConsensusClusterPlus and key prognostic genes using COX regression, Random Forest and LASSO‐COX. BEST3 expression was validated by flow cytometry (FCM) and functional assays in A549 cells with lentiviral overexpression evaluated its impact on apoptosis, proliferation and migration. Three platelet‐related subtypes were identified, with ten key prognostic genes (including BEST3). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed six genes involved in platelet pathways. BEST3 was highly expressed in the platelet subtype 1. Flow cytometry confirmed elevated BEST3 levels in NSCLC (35.9% vs. 27.3% in healthy individuals). Overexpression of BEST3 in NSCLC cells suppressed apoptosis and promoted proliferation and migration. The discovery of three platelet subtypes and the role of BEST3 in promoting tumour growth and migration highlights its potential as a therapeutic target and prognostic marker in NSCLC.
Epigenomic Landscape of Human Cumulus Cells in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Using Single‐Base Resolution Methylome and Hydroxymethylome
Authors: Shi Wenhao , Wang Dongyang , Xue Xia , Qiao Sen , Zhang Wei , Shi Juanzi , Huang Chen
Published: December 2024

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) has recently been reported to be linked with epigenetic changes. Previous studies have focused on the regulation of individual genes associated with ovarian function through single‐gene epigenetic variations; however, there is a deficiency in the comprehensive comprehension of the epigenetic profile for POI. Therefore, we conducted a multi‐omics study integrating methylation, hydroxymethylation and transcriptome sequencing analyses in cumulus cells from women with POI and their matched controls. Our data revealed significant global increases in methylation and hydroxymethylation levels in POI patients. We observed a predominance of hypermethylated and hyperhydroxymethylated regions across the genome, with methylation in gene bodies negatively correlating with gene expression, especially in promoter regions. Subsequent experimental validation was performed to confirm the involvement of candidate genes (EGR1, EGR2 and DLX5) in ovarian steroid hormone synthesis. Interestingly, our findings indicate that these epigenetic modifications are associated with genes implicated in POI, ovarian function and the epigenetic age clock. This comprehensive epigenetic profile underscores the potential for identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for POI by unravelling the complex interplay between DNA epigenetics and ovarian function.
Synergistic Potential of Argentatins A and B to Improve 5‐Fluorouracil Cytotoxicity in Colorectal Cancer Cell Models
Authors: Sánchez‐Olivares Paula , Silva‐Nolasco Aniela M. , de la Cruz‐Morcillo Miguel A. , García‐Martínez María Mercedes , Pinedo‐Serrano Alejandro , Carmona Manuel , Galán‐Moya Eva M.
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer‐related death in both men and women. Although a number of treatments are available to combat this malignancy, the antimetabolite 5‐fluorouracil has been the cornerstone of therapy since its synthesis in the 1950s. Unfortunately, the prolonged use of 5‐fluorouracil can lead to chemoresistance, which has prompted research into combination regimens to improve efficacy and quality of life and reduce resistance. Here, we evaluated the synergistic potential of two compounds isolated from guayule, and argentatins A and B, alone and in combination with 5‐fluorouracil in a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines. Cell viability assays showed that the combination treatment (argentatin A with 5 fluorouracil) significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, especially in RKO, where the analysis using the Bliss independence model indicated a remarkable synergistic effect with the lowest doses of both compounds. In contrast to the combination with argentatin B, in which the additive effect was only found in the HCT‐116 cell line. Finally, immunocytometric analysis revealed that combination treatments induced higher rates of apoptosis than single‐agent treatments. Collectively, our findings indicate that argentatins A and B may enhance the anti‐tumour effects of 5‐fluorouracil and may represent a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of anticancer therapies based on this antimetabolite.
The New Tumour Biomarker miRNA‐371‐3p Influences Cisplatin Sensitivity of Testicular Germ Cell Tumour Cell Lines
Authors: Weiten Richard , Engler Theadora , Schorle Hubert , Ellinger Jörg , Saponaro Miriam , Alajati Abdullah , Nettersheim Daniel , Syring‐Schmandke Isabella
Published: December 2024

Cisplatin is used to treat a variety of malignancies, including testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs). Although cisplatin‐based chemotherapy yields high response rates, a subset of patients develop cisplatin resistance, limiting treatment options and worsening prognosis. Therefore, there is a high clinical need for new therapeutic strategies targeting cisplatin‐resistant TGCTs. MicroRNA‐371a‐3p (miR‐371), the new serum biomarker for TGCTs, shows significantly increased expression in cisplatin‐resistant TGCT cell lines compared to sensitive parental cell lines. However, the functional impact of miR‐371 on cisplatin sensitivity has not been investigated yet. To evaluate the impact of miR‐371 on cisplatin sensitivity, antagomirs were used to inhibit miR‐371 expression, resulting in a > 98% decrease in miR‐371 expression. Cisplatin sensitivity was significantly increased after miR‐371 inhibition in cisplatin‐resistant and corresponding parental TGCT cell lines, indicating a strongly reduced viability and increased apoptosis after cisplatin treatment in miR‐371‐inhibited cells. Our results suggest that miR‐371 may contribute to the development of cisplatin resistance in TGCTs. Interfering with miR‐371 expression can increase the cisplatin sensitivity of tumour cells, which may represent a promising approach to improve future therapeutic outcomes in patients with TGCTs, especially those with cisplatin‐resistant disease.
Editorial Perspective: How can we develop effective and timely interventions for young people with chronic loneliness?
Authors: Cawthorne Tom , Qualter Pamela , Bennett Sophie , Käll Anton , Andersson Gerhard , Shafran Roz
Published: December 2024

Loneliness is an adaptive experience evolved to create motivation to engage in social relationships. However, for some young people, loneliness can become chronic which can have serious negative health consequences. Despite this, there is a relative lack of evidence for interventions. In this editorial perspective, we highlight four main barriers to the timely development and dissemination of evidence‐based support for young people experiencing loneliness. We hypothesise that these challenges could be mitigated by (a) routinely assessing loneliness as part of routine outcome measures (ROMs), (b) utilising modular interventions incorporating intrapersonal, interpersonal and social strategies alongside system‐level support and policy changes, (c) evaluating interventions through SCEDs prior to RCTs and (d) delivering interventions flexibly (e.g. via the internet or within non‐clinical settings).
Patient‐Reported Outcome Scale for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Development and Validation in China
Authors: Xie Yang , Zhang Peng , Ren Jiaming , Chen Tao , Wang Jiajia , Li Jiansheng
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To develop and validate the patient‐reported outcome scale for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF‐PRO) to provide a reliable and scientific measure for clinical trials on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Methods

We analyzed the relevant literature and medical records and conducted interviews and panel discussions to develop the conceptual framework and generate the item pool. We subjected the collected items to removal, mergence, or modification to form the initial scale through a qualitative review by experts and patients. Subsequently, we conducted two field surveys to select items for the final scale based on the classical test theory and item response theory (IRT). Finally, we conducted a formal survey to assess the measurement properties of the IPF‐PRO.

Results

The IPF‐PRO included 18 items across four domains, namely physiology, psychology, environment, and satisfaction. The Cronbach's α coefficient and generalized coefficient of the IPF‐PRO were 0.917 and 0.931, respectively. The content validity, structural validity, criterion validity, and discriminant validity all met relevant standards. The results of the item analysis based on IRT were considered acceptable. The ordinal logistic regression analysis findings showed that all items' p values were greater than 0.01 when the domain scores matched variables. The IPF‐PRO response and completion rates were both 100%. The median completion time was 7 min [IRQ = 3.7 min (Q3 = 9.0 min, Q1 = 5.3 min)].

Conclusion

The 18‐item IPF‐PRO developed in this study has demonstrated good reliability and validity, indicating that it is a reliable and scientific measure for IPF clinical trials.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Different Low‐Dose Platelet Inhibitors in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Chunxing , Ren Zhao , Liu Jia , Liang Shuo , Liu Hua , Wang Dongxiao , Wang Yue , Wang Yumin
Published: December 2024

Objective

The optimal low‐dose antiplatelet agents in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) had not been determined. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of different low‐dose antiplatelet agents on cardiovascular outcomes and bleeding risks in patients with CHD.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, WanFang Data, and China Biology Medicine. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling patients with CHD treated with different low‐dose platelet aggregation inhibitors were included. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials Risk was used to assess risk of bias in RCTs. A Bayesian random network meta‐analysis (NMA) was conducted, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as effect estimates in R 4.2.2 software and Stata 15.0. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Confidence in NMA framework.

Results

Sixteen RCTs involving 6350 patients were included. All participants were treated with a recommended dose of aspirin plus a low or standard dose of P2Y12 receptor antagonist. Low‐level evidence indicated the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was similar among low doses of prasugrel, ticagrelor, standard doses of prasugrel, ticagrelor, and clopidogrel. Low‐ to moderate‐level evidence suggested there was no difference in bleeding risk among low dose of prasugrel, ticagrelor, clopidogrel compared to standard dose of prasugrel, ticagrelor, and clopidogrel. NMA showed that low dose of prasugrel had the highest probability of being the best intervention in terms of MACE, myocardial infarction, and bleeding events leading to discontinuation.

Conclusion

Based on low‐level evidence, low dose of prasugrel combined with standard dose of aspirin can be recommended for patients with CHD, low dose of ticagrelor was similar in terms of MACE and bleeding compared with standard dose of P2Y12 receptor antagonist.

The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42023438376.
The Disappearing Index Effect
Authors: GREENWOOD ROBIN , SAMMON MARCO
Published: December 2024

The abnormal return associated with a stock being added to the S&P 500 has fallen from an average of 7.4% in the 1990s to less than 1% over the past decade. This has occurred despite a significant increase in the share of stock market assets linked to the index. A similar pattern has occurred for index deletions, with large negative abnormal returns during the 1990s but an average return of only 0.1% between 2010 and 2020. We investigate the drivers of this phenomenon and discuss implications for market efficiency. We document a similar decline in the index effect among other families of indices.
Research on autonomous path planning and tracking control methods for unmanned electric shovels
Authors: Tan Xiaodan , Wang Guoqiang , Wu Guohua , Yao Zongwei , Wang Yongpeng , Huang Qingxue
Published: December 2024

Achieving fully unmanned operations in large‐scale excavating machinery relies on robust autonomous driving capabilities. Electric shovels, with their steering limitations and reversing difficulties, present unique challenges, compared to lighter, high‐speed‐tracked vehicles. This paper explores these operational and technical challenges and introduces a trajectory planning scheme combining the Guidance‐Hybrid A* algorithm with the dynamic window approach. A high‐precision tracking controller with adjustable factors was also developed. Simulation results show that this approach enhances path‐searching efficiency and prevents reversing paths, with heading error control within 5°. Prototype experiments confirmed the controller's superiority in computational response speed and control stability, maintaining high precision at 0.1 m.
Ralstonia solanacearum Alters Root Developmental Programmes in Auxin‐Dependent and ‐Independent Manners
Authors: Zhang Lu , Yu Gang , Xue Hao , Li Meng , Lozano‐Durán Rosa , Macho Alberto P.
Published: December 2024

Microbial pathogens and other parasites can modify the development of their hosts, either as a target or a side effect of their virulence activities. The plant‐pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease, is a soilborne microbe that invades host plants through their roots and later proliferates in xylem vessels. In this work, we studied the early stages of R. solanacearum infection in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, using an in vitro infection system. In addition to the previously reported inhibition of primary root length and increase in root hair formation at the root tip, we observed an earlier xylem differentiation during R. solanacearum infection that occurs in a HrpG‐dependent manner, suggesting that the pathogen actively promotes the development of the vascular system upon invasion of the root. Moreover, we found that the phytohormone auxin, of which the accumulation is promoted by the bacterial infection, is required for the R. solanacearum‐triggered induction of root hair formation but not earlier xylem differentiation. Altogether, our results shed light on the capacity of R. solanacearum to induce alterations of root developmental pathways and on the role of auxin in this process.
Feedback Survey for an Online Learning Module: Developing and Validating a Scale to Measure Nursing Students' Self‐Assessed Knowledge and Perceptions of Older People and Confidence in Working With Them
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Hunter Kathleen F. , Butler Jeffrey I. , Pietrosanu Matthew
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To determine if an online learning module on older people's care improved nursing students' self‐assessed knowledge, and perceptions of older people, we developed a brief Feedback Survey. The aim of this study was to examine the internal consistency (a type of reliability) and construct validity of the feedback survey.

Design and Methods

Secondary analysis of data from the Awakening Canadian's to Ageism and McCalla e‐learning intervention studies for postsecondary nursing students. Factor analysis and reliability analysis (via standardised Cronbach's alpha) were performed on the four‐question, five‐point Likert‐type Feedback Survey, which was included in both intervention studies.

Results

Factor analysis yielded one factor interpretable as general satisfaction in students' experience with the module and perceived benefits of having completed it. Standardised Cronbach's alpha for this scale was high at 0.92, which suggests excellent internal consistency.

Implications for Practice

The feedback survey is a convenient and time‐efficient measure to examine student nurses' self‐assessed improvements in knowledge, perceptions about older people. The survey has potential for adaptation to measure perceived outcomes of other nursing student‐ focused education.
Genome of root celery and population genomic analysis reveal the complex breeding history of celery
Authors: Lai Enhui , Guo Sumin , Wu Pan , Qu Minghao , Yu Xiaofen , Hao Chenlu , Li Shan , Peng Haixu , Yi Yating , Zhou Miao , Fu Guodong , Li Xingnuo , Liu Huan , Zheng Yi , Wang Xin , Fei Zhangjun , Gao Lei
Published: December 2024

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is an important vegetable crop in the Apiaceae family. It comprises three botanical varieties: common celery with solid and succulent petioles, celeriac or root celery with enlarged and fleshy hypocotyls and smallage or leaf celery with slender, leafy and usually hollow petioles. Here we present a chromosome‐level genome assembly of a celeriac cultivar and a comprehensive genome variation map constructed through resequencing of 177 representative celery accessions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that smallage from the Mediterranean region represented the most ancient type of cultivated celery. Following initial domestication in this region, artificial selection has primarily aimed at enlarging the hypocotyl, resulting in celeriac, and at solidifying the petiole, leading to common celery. Selective sweep analysis and genome‐wide association study identified several genes associated with hypocotyl expansion and revealed that the hollow/solid petiole trait directly correlated with the presence/absence of a NAC gene. Our study elucidates the complex breeding history of celery and provides valuable genomic resources and molecular insights for future celery improvement and conservation efforts.
Aggregation assisted enhancement of singlet oxygen generation by 4‐ethynylphenyl substituted porphyrin photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Monisha Sekar , Myithili Thangavel , Ajithkumar Samuthirakani , Sudharsan Kumaresan , Keerthana Thangaraj , Sarikalakshmi Baskaran , Pandi Mohan , Kalimuthu Palanisamy
Published: December 2024

Modulating the photophysical properties of photosensitizers is an effective approach to enhance singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy. Porphyrins are the most widely used photosensitizers due to their biocompatible nature. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics of photosensitizers are one of the advantageous features that will enhance fluorescence, intersystem crossing, and efficient triplet state generation. Herein, we demonstrate two glycosylated porphyrin photosensitizers, ZnGEPOH (with two ethynyl groups) and ZnGPOH (without two ethynyl groups), which exhibit AIE. Detailed studies revealed that ZnGEPOH exhibited a two‐fold increase in singlet oxygen production than ZnGPOH due to AIE. The photo‐cytotoxicity of ZnGPOH and ZnGEPOH were evaluated using cancer cell lines A549 and AGS. ZnGEPOH shows superior photo‐cytotoxicity with cell viability of 21% and 19% for A549 and AGS, respectively, at 250 μg/mL concentration in 48 h. Moreover, ZnGEPOH exhibits minimal photo‐cytotoxicity towards the control cell line HEK 293.
Invasive cervical root resorption in a cancer patient: A rare case report with 2 years of follow‐up and literature review
Authors: Mota Maria Emília , Alves Fábio Abreu , Jaguar Graziella Chagas , Migliorati Cesar Augusto , Martins Manoela Domingues , Schroter Gabriella Torres , Pinto Clovis Antonio , Moreira Maria Stella
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Cases involving invasive cervical root resorption (ICRR) in oncological patients are rare, in addition, follow‐up of these patients has not yet been reported in the literature.

Objective

This study aims to present a literature review and report a case of denosumab as a possible cause of ICRR in a patient with breast cancer with 2 years of follow‐up.

Case report

A 39‐year‐old female with a history of luminal breast cancer was treated with denosumab semiannually for osteopenia with discontinuation 1 year ago. Oral examination revealed areas of ICRR lesions on two mandibular teeth. The patient presented irreversible pulpitis on the lower left first molar (#19). The lower right first premolar (#28) was asymptomatic, and the resorption cavity was restricted to the tooth crown. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) established the ICRR 2Bp and 2Ad diagnosis in teeth #19 and #28, respectively. Periodontal surgery and a nonsurgical root canal were performed in the molar and restorative treatment was performed in the premolar. Two years after treatment, both teeth were functional and asymptomatic, and probing was within normal limits (< 3 mm) without bleeding. Periapical radiographic examination revealed no progression of resorption nor new lesions.

Conclusions

This article highlights a rare adverse effect of an antiresorptive therapy, unfamiliar to most clinicians and specialists. In addition, it emphasizes that the early diagnosis and follow‐up of ICRR are relevant and can provide successful treatment, avoiding infections and extractions.
Investigating the impact of oral health status on the prevalence of falls among caregivers and non‐caregivers in the United States: A retrospective study
Authors: Alshanbari Mohammed , Bouldin Erin , Alhazmi Hesham , Knapp Kenneth
Published: December 2024

Objective

Examining the association between oral health and the prevalence of falls among US caregivers.

Background

There is a scarcity of research on the association between oral health status and the prevalence of falls among older adults and caregivers.

Materials and methods

Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed. The analysis was limited to individuals aged 45 years and older (n = 97 550). The outcome variable was if a person had fallen at least once during the past 12 months. The main predictor variables were the number of teeth removed, the last dentist visit, and caregiver status. Data were analyzed using bivariate descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, and logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs).

Results

Having one to five teeth removed was linked to an increased prevalence of falls [AOR: 1.13, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.02–1.25, p = .017] and was highest for complete tooth loss (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.15–1.58, p < .001). Caregivers had increased fall odds (AOR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10–1.38, p < .001). Caregivers’ prevalence of fall increases with six or more teeth removed (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.02–1.94, p = .038) and all teeth removed (AOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.03–2.09, p = .030). Dental visits in the past year were associated with a 21% reduced fall risk for caregivers (AOR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.98, p = .035).

Conclusion

The study showed that maintaining good oral health and utilizing dental services may be associated with lower fall risks, particularly among caregivers, suggesting the need for integrating oral health into fall prevention strategies.
Long‐Term High‐Intensity Interval Training Intervention Improves Emotional Conflict Control in Association With Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Activation in Males With Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: He Meiheng , Wang Lili , Xu Ding , Liu Ying , Zhu Xiangru , Zhu Dong , Yang Suyong
Published: December 2024

Acute high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has cognitive benefits in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), yet it remains largely unknown the benefits of long‐term HIIT on emotional conflict control and its neural mechanism in individuals with MUD. The current study conducted a 36‐week low‐volume HIIT intervention to investigate the effects of HIIT on emotional conflict control in males with MUD and their prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation. This study was a sub‐study of the Study for Rehabilitation Training Model Construction and Training Effect of High Intensity Compound Exercise Prescription. Forty males with MUD (31.50 ± 4.33 years) were randomly assigned to the HIIT group and control group. The HIIT group received a 36‐week low‐volume HIIT intervention, while the control group maintained daily physical exercise. The emotional conflict task (emotional face‐word Stroop task) with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recording and subjective craving test were performed before and after the intervention. The results showed that the HIIT intervention reduced the emotional conflict and increased cortical activations of right dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) and right ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC). More importantly, the HIIT‐induced decreased emotional conflict was associated significantly with increased right vlPFC activation. In addition, subjective craving was also reduced after HIIT intervention. While the control group showed significant changes in neither brain activation nor the craving. These findings suggest that long‐term low‐volume HIIT can improve PFC activation, promote emotional conflict control, and reduce subjective craving in males with MUD. HIIT seems to be an effective method of withdrawal rehabilitation for males with MUD.
Use of intraoperative transsplenic injection of agitated saline to confirm temporary full attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs
Authors: García Juan A. , Reina Fernando , Romero Rafael , Macías Carlos , Ramírez Juan M.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To describe the use of intraoperative transsplenic injection of agitated saline (TIAS) and confirm temporarily full attenuation of extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) in dogs.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

A total of 40 dogs.

Methods

Medical records of dogs that underwent surgical attenuation of EHPSS between January 2014 and May 2021 were reviewed. A ventral midline celiotomy was performed, the EHPSS identified and dissected, and temporal occlusion performed using Rummel tourniquets or silicone vascular loops. A wide range microconvex transducer was used to visualize the right atrium via a subxiphoid acoustic window. Agitated saline was injected into the splenic parenchyma while the right atrium was ultrasonographically monitored before and after temporary occlusion of the EHPSS. Case details, intra‐ and postoperative findings, and long‐term outcome were recorded.

Results

The agitated saline was immediately identified within the right atrium after injection into the splenic parenchyma before temporary occlusion of the EHPSS in all cases. After temporary occlusion, the agitated saline was not observed within the right heart, except in two dogs in which a second vessel bypassing the liver circulation was identified. No intra‐ or postoperative complications were recorded. Long‐term clinical outcome was considered good to excellent in all cases.

Conclusion

Intraoperative TIAS confirmed temporary full attenuation of EHPSS.

Clinical significance

Intraoperative TIAS is an easy, safe and reproducible technique to assess intraoperative full occlusion of EHPSS.
Intra‐ and inter‐session reliability and repeatability of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining total creatine concentrations in multiple brain regions
Authors: Pratt Jedd , McStravick James , Kennerley Aneurin J. , Sale Craig
Published: December 2024

Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to determine total creatine (tCr) concentrations will become increasingly prevalent, as the role of creatine (Cr) in supporting brain health gains interest. Methodological limitations and margins of error in repeated 1H MRS, which often surpass reported effects of supplementation, permeate existing literature. We examined the intra‐ and inter‐session reliability and repeatability of 1H MRS for determining tCr concentrations across multiple brain regions (midbrain, visual cortex and frontal cortex). Eighteen healthy adults aged 20–32 years were recruited (50% female; n = 14 intra‐session; n = 15 inter‐session). 1H Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were completed at 3 T. Intra‐session analyses involved repeated 1H MRS of the midbrain, visual cortex and frontal cortex without participant or voxel repositioning, whereas inter‐session analyses involved measurements of the same regions, but with participant and voxel repositioning between repeated measurements. The 1H MRS data (174 spectra) were analysed using TARQUIN and OSPREY, and voxel fractions (grey/white matter and CSF) were determined using segmentation. Our findings show that tCr concentrations can be determined reliably and repeatably using 1H MRS, within an error of <2%, and that large inter‐regional differences in tCr concentration are present in the human brain. We provide new minimum detectable change data for tCr concentrations, a detailed discussion of the inherent error sources in repeated 1H MRS, including the substantial effect of the analysis package on tCr quantification, and suggestions for how these should be managed to improve the interpretability and clinical value of future research. More studies are needed to determine whether our findings can be replicated in other centres and different populations.
Comparison of Vortex Structures and Turbulent Heat Transport for a Single Jet and Multiple Jets in Crossflow
Authors: Hu Xidong , Onishi Ryo , Qian Shaoxiang
Published: December 2024

Large eddy simulations (LESs) were conducted for a single jet and five spanwise jets with a jet-to-jet spacing of 1.6D (jet nozzle diameter). The jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio was 3.3, and the Reynolds number based on the crossflow velocity was 2100. The verification study demonstrates that the present LES can reproduce the typical vortex structures of a single jet in crossflow and provide a good prediction accuracy. The principal finding is that the counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) is formed only in a very short distance in the multiple jets and cannot evolve further owing to the significant constraint in the spanwise direction and strong stretch in the streamwise direction. The hanging vortex in the multiple jets is split into two disconnected parts, yielding an elongated cat-ear-shaped vortex on the lateral side of the upper jet body. A pulsating jet flow pattern forms in the space between the adjacent jets with a frequency of 32 Hz, which subsequently generates many small vortexes downstream of the jet. The absolute turbulent heat fluxes |〈u′T′〉| at the rear of the jet and |〈w′T′〉| in the border between the adjacent jets were larger owing to the generation of numerous pulsating jet flows in the space between the adjacent jets.
Associations of 24-hr Movement Behaviors With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults Receiving Outpatient Rehabilitation: A Compositional Time-Use Analysis
Authors: Peiris Casey L. , Taylor Nicholas F. , Verswijveren Simone J.J.M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Research suggests associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and metabolic syndrome, but most has focused on healthy populations and individual behaviors. We investigated associations of 24-hr movement behavior compositions with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in adults receiving rehabilitation for other health conditions. Method: This cross-sectional study assessed 24-hr movement behaviors using thigh-worn accelerometers and metabolic outcomes via blood analyses in 145 adults attending outpatient rehabilitation. Regression models tested associations of five 24-hr time-use behaviors (time in bed, sedentary time, standing, light-intensity stepping, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity stepping) with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome severity score (a cumulative measure of risk derived from metabolic risk factors). Results: Participants (64 [SD 12] years old; 52% women; 66% with metabolic syndrome, with 6 [SD 0.7] days of 24-hr data) spent 41% of a 24-hr day sedentary, 15% standing, 3% in light-intensity stepping, 2% in moderate- to vigorous-intensity stepping, and 38% in bed. Adjusted models indicated that a higher proportion of light-intensity stepping was associated with lower triglycerides, more time in bed was associated with a higher metabolic syndrome severity score, and more time stepping was associated with a lower metabolic syndrome severity score. There was no evidence of associations between the overall compositions and outcomes. Conclusion: The consistently observed small proportions of physical activity, with lack of variation between participants, may not be sufficient to counteract the impact of high sedentary time on metabolic outcomes in adults attending outpatient rehabilitation. Implications: Future research may focus on exploring ways to increase light-intensity stepping in sedentary older adults with various health conditions.
The Impact of Augmented Reality Technology on Sport Spectators’ Psychological and Behavioral Responses: The Role of Sensitization and Habituation
Authors: Ahn Jin Woo , Ko Yong Jae
Published: December 2024

The advancement of augmented reality (AR) technology is significantly altering the way of sport spectatorship. The current study explored how diverse consumer groups adapt and escalate their experiences in AR spectatorship by integrating the dual-process theory of habituation, and sensitization and selective attention processes. The authors analyzed NFL matches with AR features by using 2 (broadcasting type: AR vs. non-AR) × 2 (highlight length: brief vs. prolonged) × 2 (sport involvement: high vs. low) between-subject experimental study. Results indicated that the highly involved group experienced habituation by watching a prolonged AR highlight, while the lowly involved group experienced sensitization by watching both prolonged and brief AR highlights. The study contributes to the media technology and consumer behavior literature by exploring the visual sensory system that causes different responses between user groups. The results also provide an effective guideline to managers by suggesting an important reference for an optimal level of AR exposure duration.
Preseason Functional Movement Screen But Not Y-Balance Test Scores Predict Musculoskeletal Injury in Elite Female Fast-Pitch Softball Athletes
Authors: Zhao Xiujing , Pribyslavska Veronika , Yu HoYeol , Scudamore Eric M.
Published: December 2024

Context: Functional movement screen (FMS) and Y-balance test (YBT) are used to predict the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. FMS and YBT tools in relation to injury in elite female softball athletes have not been examined. Objectives: This study aims to (1) compare the differences in FMS, Y-Balance upper quarter (YBT-UQ), and lower quarter (YBT-LQ) scores between injured and noninjured group and (2) determine the ability of FMS and YBT scores to predict the odds of musculoskeletal injury in elite fast-pitch female softball athletes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Thirty-eight athletes (age = 22.9 [2.6] y, height = 170.2 [5.2] cm, mass = 65.5 [7.2] kg) completed preseason FMS and YBT assessments. Injury data were collected throughout one full season, categorized based on the location of the injury, and then recorded as a binary variable (ie, injured and noninjured groups). FMS, YBT-UQ, and YBT-LQ scores were compared between injured and noninjured groups. Binary logistic regression was used to predict the occurrence of injury among softball athletes. Results: FMS scores were significantly lower for the injured group compared with the FMS scores belonging to the noninjured group (P ≤ .001; d = 1.52). Lower FMS composite scores predicted injury (Wald(df = 1) = 6.755; odds ratio = 0.231; P = .009; 95% confidence interval, 0.076–0.697). No between-group differences existed in YBT-UQ (P = .67; d = 0.14) and YBT-LQ (P = .16; d = 0.50) composite scores between the injured and the noninjured groups. YBT-UQ (Wald(df = 1) = 2.300; odds ratio = 0.893; P = .129; 95% confidence interval, 0.772–1.033) and YBT-LQ (Wald(df = 1) = 0.145; odds ratio = 1.024; P = .703; 95% confidence interval, 0.906–1.157) were not significant predictors of injury. Conclusions: FMS appears to be a valuable screening tool for assessing musculoskeletal injury risk in elite fast-pitch female softball athletes.
Utilization of Interval Throwing Programs: Analysis of Athletic Trainer, Physical Therapist, and Physician Perspectives
Authors: Sciascia Aaron , Jeffrey Grantham W. , Stone Austin , Tremble Corey , Uhl Tim , Camp Christopher , Ben Kibler W.
Published: December 2024

Context: A common component within rehabilitation recommendations for baseball pitchers is employment of an interval throwing program. However, there is a lack of a consistent set of advocated guidelines for program content and implementation for athletes at the professional and collegiate levels. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A survey was developed to obtain clinician views regarding the composition and implementation of interval throwing programs for baseball pitchers. The survey was divided into demographic information and sections on criteria to begin throwing programs, frequency of throwing, soreness management, warm-up components, program components and regulation of a program, and criteria to achieve permitting live throwing. Clinicians including physicians, physical therapists, and certified athletic trainers who evaluate and treat musculoskeletal injuries among baseball pitchers at the professional-level and/or collegiate-level clinician received the survey. Responses were tabulated and compared between the professional-level clinician and collegiate-level clinician groups using chi-square analyses with statistical significance set at P ≤ .05. Results: The survey was completed by 166 clinicians (collegiate level = 81, professional-level clinician = 85). There were no statistical differences between groups for allowing warm-up throws, program regulation, maximum distance allowed, managing soreness, or criteria to achieve before permitting live throwing. Between-group differences included criteria to begin a program (≤.03), warm-up distance (P ≤ .02), nonthrowing warm-up methods (P ≤ .04), non-warm-up distance (P ≤ .01), using ratings of perceived exertion (P < .01), throwing frequency (P < .01), and program components (P ≤ .04). Conclusions: Responses appear to mirror interval throwing program designs previously reported in the literature but there are modifications and additions utilized by clinicians at different playing levels.
Trans* Athletes in Sport: Not Ceding to the Sex/Gender Binary of Gender Critical Feminism1
Authors: Burke Michael , Klugman Matthew
Published: December 2024

Debates over the position(ing) of trans* athletes in sport have been reignited in the last decade because of the confluence of broader political debates over the provision of rights of self-identification for trans* people with the International Olympic Committee’s decision to place responsibility for transgender regulations in the hands of international sporting federations. The effect of this confluence has meant a regressive shift back toward hard essentialism with regard to sex categories in sport. This paper challenges the politically powerful, yet romanticized and historically inaccurate, narrative that so-called gender critical feminists have produced to support this regressive move.
Symptomatic glucocorticoid-induced adrenal suppression in the United Kingdom and Ireland: a BPSU study
Authors: Wood Claire L , Lane LC , Barlow H , Drake Amanda J , Kanthagnany Sai-Kalyani , Pearce Mark S , Sachdev Pooja , Blair Joanne C , Cheetham Tim
Published: December 2024

Objective

To determine the incidence and describe the presentation and management of unexpected symptomatic glucocorticoid-induced adrenal suppression (AS) in children and young people aged 0–15 years.

Setting and design

Surveillance study of symptomatic glucocorticoid (GC)-induced AS with supportive biochemical evidence or presenting as an adrenal crisis, reported via the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU) from September 2020 to September 2022.

Results

Over a 25-month period, 190 reports of symptomatic GC-induced AS/adrenal crisis were made, of which 22 were confirmed cases: 18 AS and 4 adrenal crises. This translates to an incidence rate of 0.09 new cases of GC-induced AS per 100 000 children aged 0–15 per year in the UK. There was a broad range of underlying diagnoses requiring GC prescription (16) and GC preparations (13). Of the 22 patients, 7 had more than 1 type of GC prescribed. The administration of oral GC occurred in 19 of the cases, inhaled GC use in 7, topical use in 5 and 1 case occurred after a single intramuscular injection of GC. All patients were discussed with a paediatric endocrinology team.

Conclusions

The incidence of AS from this UK-based BPSU study is lower than a similar Canadian study. This may indicate that paediatricians in the UK and Ireland are becoming more aware of the potential for GC-induced AS and thus are more proactive to prevent its occurrence. The clinical cases still highlight the need to educate families and healthcare professionals with a view to further reducing the morbidity and potential mortality associated with GC-induced AS.
Spontaneous closure of macular hole in a patient with toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
Authors: Singh Shalini , Goel Pallavi , Aurora Arjun , Agarwal Manisha
Published: December 2024

We report a unique case of a man in his early 60s, diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and on immunosuppressive therapy. He developed bilateral toxoplasma retinochoroiditis and subsequently experienced the spontaneous closure of a full-thickness macular hole in his left eye following treatment. Following combined therapy (intravitreal clindamycin, dexamethasone injection, and systemic oral trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole along with oral steroids), the patient showed significant improvement, with best corrected visual acuity increasing from 2/60 in both eyes to 6/9;N8 in the right eye and 6/60;N18 in the left eye at the final follow-up.
Role of urinary trace elements in diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Gao Tianrui , Lv Jia , Lu Lizhen , Guo Lijuan , Tang Weitian , Shao Fengmin , Zhu Shiwei , Zhang Yuchen , Jia Ruiqi , Zhou Jing , Gao Chang , Gu Yue
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The balance of trace elements plays an important role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients. However, studies on the differences in urinary trace elements across different DKD stages are scarce. This study aimed to explore the associations between nine essential trace elements and DKD.

Research design and methods

This cross-sectional analysis included 830 diabetic patients. Participants were classified into non-DKD (NDKD) and DKD, the latter was further grouped into mid and end DKD based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the case and control were matched based on age and sex. The concentration of urinary trace elements was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Results

Urinary concentrations of copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in DKD patients were significantly higher than that of NDKD patients, whereas that of iron (Fe), cobalt, selenium, and nickel (Ni) of DKD were lower. Positive correlations between urinary Mn/Cu and the risk of mid-stage and end-stage DKD were revealed by conditional logistic regression, while Fe and Ni were negatively associated with the risk of DKD. In mixed effect analyses, no significant trend was found for joint trace element exposure and risk of mid DKD, while negative associations between combined effects of trace elements and the risk of end DKD were observed.

Conclusions

This study revealed different associations between trace elements and the risk of mid and end DKD using both single and mixture effect modeling. The results suggested that the urinary trace element profile might be associated with the progression of DKD, which provides important insights for understanding the pathogenesis of DKD and developing individualized nutritive management strategies.
Parallel randomised trial testing community fibrosis assessment for suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: outcomes from LOCATE-NAFLD
Authors: Tulleners Ruth , Barnett Adrian , O'Beirne James , Powell Elizabeth , Hickman Ingrid J , Valery Patricia C , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Stuart Katherine , McIvor Carolyn , Witness Elen , Aikebuse Melanie , Brain David
Published: December 2024

Objective

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to affect a third of Australian adults, and its prevalence is predicted to rise, increasing the burden on the healthcare system. The LOCal Assessment and Triage Evaluation of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (LOCATE-NAFLD) trialled a community-based fibrosis assessment service using FibroScan to reduce the time to diagnosis of high-risk NAFLD and improve patient outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a 1:1 parallel randomised trial to compare two alternative models of care for NAFLD diagnosis and assessment. Participants had suspected NAFLD and were referred to a hepatology clinic in one of three major hospitals in South-East Queensland. Eligible consenting participants were randomised to receive usual care or the intervention (LOCATE). Participants in the intervention arm received a FibroScan outside of the hospital setting, with results provided to their primary care provider and the referring hepatologist. All participants were followed up 12 months after randomisation to measure their clinical and patient-reported outcomes.

Results

97 participants were recruited from October 2020 to December 2022. Of the 50 participants randomised to the intervention arm, one failed to attend their appointment, and of the 48 (98%) who had a FibroScan 13 (27%) had a liver stiffness measurement of 8.0 kPa or greater. The HR for the time to diagnosis of high risk was 1.28 (95% CI 0.59 to 2.79), indicating a faster average time to diagnosis with the intervention, but failing to conclusively demonstrate a faster time. The intervention did greatly reduce the time to FibroScan by almost 1 year (median difference 0.92 years, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.45). Other clinical outcomes showed minimal changes.

Conclusion

The LOCATE model shows potential for impact, particularly in reducing waiting times for patients at high risk of developing severe liver disease due to NAFLD. A larger sample and longer follow-ups are needed to measure additional clinical outcomes.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12620000158965.