bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Long-Term Administration of Uridine on the Functioning of Rat Liver Mitochondria in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Venediktova Natalya , Solomadin Ilya , Nikiforova Anna , Belosludtsev Konstantin N. , Mironova Galina
Published: November 2023

The effect of uridine (30 mg/kg for 7 days; intraperitoneally) on the functions of liver mitochondria in rats with experimentally induced hyperthyroidism (HT) (200 µg/100 g for 7 days, intraperitoneally) is studied in this paper. An excess of thyroid hormones (THs) led to an intensification of energy metabolism, the development of oxidative stress, a significant increase in the biogenesis, and changes in the content of proteins responsible for the fusion and fission of mitochondria. The injection of uridine did not change the concentration of THs in the blood of hyperthyroid rats (HRs) but normalized their body weight. The exposure to uridine improved the parameters of oxidative phosphorylation and corrected the activity of some complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC) in the liver mitochondria of HRs. The analysis of ETC complexes showed that the level of CI–CV did not change by the action of uridine in rats with the condition of HT. The application of uridine caused a significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and lowered the rate of hydrogen peroxide production. It was found that uridine affected mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing the expression of the genes Ppargc1a and NRF1 and diminishing the expression of the Parkin gene responsible for mitophagy compared with the control animals. In addition, the mRNA level of the OPA1 gene was restored, which may indicate an improvement in the ETC activity and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of HR. As a whole, the results obtained demonstrate that uridine has a protective effect against HT-mediated functional disorders in the metabolism of rat liver mitochondria.
Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Differentiative Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on M03-13 Human Oligodendrocyte-like Cells
Authors: La Rosa Giuliana , Sozio Concetta , Pipicelli Luca , Raia Maddalena , Palmiero Anna , Santillo Mariarosaria , Damiano Simona
Published: November 2023

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol found mainly in coffee and tea, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects at the gastrointestinal level. However, although CGA is known to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), its effects on the CNS are still unknown. Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-forming cells in the CNS, are the main target in demyelinating neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic roles of CGA in M03-13, an immortalized human OL cell line. We found that CGA reduces intracellular superoxide ions, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH oxidases (NOXs) /dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) protein levels. The stimulation of M03-13 cells with TNFα activates the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-kB) pathway, leading to an increase in superoxide ion, NOXs/DUOX2 and phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase (pERK) levels. In addition, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation induces caspase 8 activation and the cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). All these TNFα-induced effects are reversed by CGA. Furthermore, CGA induces a blockade of proliferation, driving cells to differentiation, resulting in increased mRNA levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP), which are major markers of mature OLs. Overall, these data suggest that dietary supplementation with this polyphenol could play an important beneficial role in autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases such as MS.
CellTool: An Open-Source Software Combining Bio-Image Analysis and Mathematical Modeling for the Study of DNA Repair Dynamics
Authors: Danovski Georgi , Dyankova-Danovska Teodora , Stamatov Rumen , Aleksandrov Radoslav , Kanev Petar-Bogomil , Stoynov Stoyno
Published: November 2023

Elucidating the dynamics of DNA repair proteins is essential to understanding the mechanisms that preserve genomic stability and prevent carcinogenesis. However, the measurement and modeling of protein dynamics at DNA lesions via currently available image analysis tools is cumbersome. Therefore, we developed CellTool—a stand-alone open-source software with a graphical user interface for the analysis of time-lapse microscopy images. It combines data management, image processing, mathematical modeling, and graphical presentation of data in a single package. Multiple image filters, segmentation, and particle tracking algorithms, combined with direct visualization of the obtained results, make CellTool an ideal application for the comprehensive analysis of DNA repair protein dynamics. This software enables the fitting of obtained kinetic data to predefined or custom mathematical models. Importantly, CellTool provides a platform for easy implementation of custom image analysis packages written in a variety of programing languages. Using CellTool, we demonstrate that the ALKB homolog 2 (ALKBH2) demethylase is excluded from DNA damage sites despite recruitment of its putative interaction partner proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Further, CellTool facilitates the straightforward fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis of BRCA1 associated RING domain 1 (BARD1) exchange at complex DNA lesions. In summary, the software presented herein enables the time-efficient analysis of a wide range of time-lapse microscopy experiments through a user-friendly interface.
ABC Transporters 45 Years On
Authors: George Anthony M.
Published: November 2023

ABC transporters constitute one of the largest gene families among all species [...]
Combined Effect of Halogenation and SiO2 Addition on the Li-Ion Conductivity of LiBH4
Authors: Gulino Valerio , de Kort Laura , Ngene Peter , de Jongh Petra , Baricco Marcello
Published: November 2023

In this work, the combined effects of anion substitution (with Br− and I−) and SiO2 addition on the Li-ion conductivity in LiBH4 have been investigated. Hexagonal solid solutions with different compositions, h-Li(BH4)1−α(X)α (X = Br, I), were prepared by ball milling and fully characterized. The most conductive composition for each system was then mixed with different amounts of SiO2 nanoparticles. If the amount of added complex hydride fully fills the original pore volume of the added silica, in both LiBH4-LiBr/SiO2 and LiBH4-LiI/SiO2 systems, the Li-ion conductivity was further increased compared to the h-Li(BH4)1−α(X)α solid solutions alone. The use of LiBH4-LiX instead of LiBH4 in composites with SiO2 enabled the development of an optimal conductive pathway for the Li ions, since the h-Li(BH4)1−α(X)α possesses a higher conductivity than LiBH4. In fact, the Li conductivity of the silica containing h-Li(BH4)1−α(X)α is higher than the maximum reached in LiBH4-SiO2 alone. Therefore, a synergetic effect of combining halogenation and interface engineering is demonstrated in this work.
Multiparametric Renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prediction and Annual Monitoring of the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease over Two Years
Authors: Buchanan Charlotte E. , Mahmoud Huda , Cox Eleanor F. , Prestwich Benjamin L. , Noble Rebecca A. , Selby Nicholas M. , Taal Maarten W. , Francis Susan T.
Published: November 2023

Background: Multiparametric renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a non-invasive method to assess kidney structure and function, but longitudinal studies are limited. Methods: A total of 22 patients with CKD category G3-4 (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15–59 mL/min/1.73 m2) were recruited. Annual 3T multiparametric renal MRI scans were performed, comprising total kidney volume (TKV), longitudinal relaxation time (T1), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), Arterial Spin Labelling, and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent relaxation time (T2*), with 15 patients completing a Year 2 scan. CKD progression over 2 years was defined as eGFR_slope ≥ −5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. Results: At baseline, T1 was higher (cortex p = 0.05, medulla p = 0.03) and cortex perfusion lower (p = 0.015) in participants with subsequent progression versus stable eGFR. A significant decrease in TKV and ADC and an increase in cortex T1 occurred in progressors at Year 1 and Year 2, with a significant decrease in perfusion in progressors only at Year 2. The only decline in the stable group was a reduction in TKV. There was no significant change in cortex or medulla T2* at Year 1 or Year 2 for progressors or stable participants. Conclusion: Lower renal cortex perfusion and higher T1 in the cortex and medulla may predict CKD progression, while renal cortex T1, TKV, and ADC may be useful to monitor progression. This study provides pilot data for future large-scale studies.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation with and without a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Breathlessness in People Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Williams Marie T. , Lewthwaite Hayley , Paquet Catherine , Cafarella Paul , Frith Peter
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Most controlled trials of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have targeted anxiety and depression. (2) Methods: This pragmatic randomized controlled trial explored whether a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program (CPRP) with CBT for breathlessness or social group control (CPRP + SC) significantly improved health outcomes. (3) Results: People with moderate-to-severe COPD were block randomized (CPRP + CBT n = 52 or CPRP + SC n = 49). Primary outcomes (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADs), six-minute walk distance (6MWD)) and secondary outcomes (breathlessness, quality of life and habitual physical activity) were assessed before and 1, 6 and 12 months post intervention. Between-group differences were calculated with mixed models for each time point to baseline (intention to treat (ITT)). Participants (n = 101, mean ± SD age 70 ± 8.5 years, 54 (53%) males, FEV1% pred 47.7 ± 16.3) were similar between groups. Post intervention, primary outcomes did not differ significantly between groups at 1 (6MWD mean difference −7.5 [95% CI −34.3 to 19.4], HADs-A −0.3 [−1.4 to 0.9], HADs-D 0.2 [−0.8 to 1.3]), 6 (6MWD −11.5 [−38.1 to 15.1], HADs-A 1.1 [0.0 to 2.2], HADs-D 0.2 [−0.9 to 1.3]), or 12 months (6MWD −3.8 [−27.2 to 19.6], HADS-A −0.4 [−1.5 to 0.6], HADs-D −0.7 [−1.7 to 0.4]). (4) Conclusions: In this cohort, combining CBT with a CPRP did not provide additional health benefits beyond those achieved by a standard CPRP.
Patterns of Sexualized Drug Use among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV: Insights from a Comprehensive Study—The U-SEX-2 GESIDA 9416 Study
Authors: Ryan Pablo , Dolengevich-Segal Helen , Ramos-Ruperto Luis , Cabello Alfonso , Sanchez-Conde Matilde , Vergas Jorge , Valencia Jorge , Cuevas Guillermo , Sanz José , Curto-Ramos Javier , Pérez-Bootello Javier , Naharro-Rodriguez Jorge , Ollero Mar J. F. , Garcia Fraile Lucio , Pérez-Latorre Leire , Bisbal Otilia , De la Fuente Sara , Losa Juan Emilio , Cervero Miguel , Estebanez Miriam , Suarez-Garcia Inés , Gimeno Alejandra , Terrancle Ignacio , Mican Rafael , González-Baeza Alicia
Published: November 2023

Background: Sexualized drug use (SDU) has become a public health concern in recent years. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SDU in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV (HIV + GBMSM) in Madrid during 2019/2020 and compare it with data from 2016/2017 in order to detect changes in patterns. Methods: We analyzed the frequency of SDU in a sample of HIV + GBMSM attending HIV clinics, who participated in an anonymous online survey regarding sexual behavior and recreational drug use. The association between SDU, sexual risk behaviors, and STIs was evaluated. Results: This study included 424 HIV + GBMSM, with a mean age of 40 (10.43) years. Overall, 94% (396) reported being sexually active. Additionally, 33% (140) had been diagnosed with an STI within the previous year. Moreover, 54% (229) had used drugs in the last year, 25% (107) engaged in SDU, and 16% (17) reported engagement in slamsex. After adjusting for confounding factors, SDU was associated with STIs, fisting, unprotected anal intercourse, and having >24 sexual partners in the last year. According to the DUDIT test scores, 80% (81) probably had problematic drug use (≥6 points), and 8% (8) probable drug dependence (≥25 points). When comparing the U-SEX-1 (2016/2017) data with the U-SEX-2 (2019/2020) data, no significant differences were found in the proportion of participants practicing SDU or slamming. Conclusions: The prevalence of SDU among HIV + GBMSM has remained high in recent years and without significant changes. The risk of problematic drug use among those who practice SDU is high. We observed a clear association between SDU, high-risk sexual behaviors, and STIs.
Aortic Valve Replacement: Totally Endoscopic versus Mini-Sternotomy
Authors: Yilmaz Alaaddin , Claessens Jade , Packlé Loren , Van Genechten Silke , Dönmez Kübra , Awouters Camille , Herbots Lieven
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: The development of totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement has the potential to enhance clinical results compared to mini-sternotomy. To our knowledge, no comparison between these two techniques has been conducted before. Therefore, the objective of this retrospective study is to examine the results after both totally endoscopic and mini-sternotomy approaches. (2) Methods: This study covered all elective patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement, either totally endoscopically (n = 392) or through a mini-sternotomy (n = 323), between 2013 and 2021. Multivariable analysis was used to account for baseline variations between the two groups. All data were retrospectively gathered and analysed. The primary objective of this study was the one-year mortality rate. (3) Results: The mean aortic cross-clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass times were significantly longer in the totally endoscopic approach (cross-clamping: 43.73 ± 13.71 min and 61.93 ± 16.76 min, p-value < 0.001; CPB time: 64.86 ± 23.02 min and 93.23 ± 23.67 min, p-value < 0.001). However, perioperative bleeding was lower (706.40 ± 542.77 mL and 444.50 ± 515.84 mL, p-value < 0.001). The primary objective, one-year survival, did not significantly differ between both groups (Mini-AVR: 94.5% vs TEAVR: 93.3%, p-value = 0.520). (4) Conclusions: Our results show that totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement has comparable clinical results compared to aortic valve replacement through mini-sternotomy.
Rotator Cuff Tendon Dimensional Variability, Novel Patient-Specific Measurement Method—Morphological Measurement for Rotator Cuff Tendon
Authors: Lotan Raphael , Sakhnini Mojahed , Oran Ariel , Hershkovich Oded
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The shoulder rotator cuff (RC) is crucial to shoulder function and involvement in shoulder pathology. RC tears have been extensively studied, and several classifications have been devised to quantify their magnitude. Various RC measurement techniques were introduced previously, utilizing cadaveric specimens, X-rays, CT scans, and MRI with different results published regarding humeral heads’ different plane diameters and the correlation to age, gender, and height. There are very few studies measuring RC length in the general population. Purpose: We aimed to assess the geometrical relation between rotator cuff tendon length and humeral head sagittal and axial diameters. Methods: A total of 100 shoulder MRI scans of labral tear-suspected patients were reviewed, and the geometrical parameters of the rotator cuff length and proximal humerus sagittal and axial diameters were measured. Results: The healthy population has wide variability in humeral diameter and rotator cuff length. We found a high correlation between humeral head sagittal and axial plane diameters and the rotator cuff tendon dimension. The orthogonal plane diameters disagree with the humeral head being round but rather spheric. The rotator cuff length changes according to the patient’s gender and height. Conclusion: This is a novel method for rotator cuff measurement, description, and classification according to the percentage of tear instead of length (cm). This method is more clinically oriented and relevant than most other previous methods.
Patients at Risk for Transfusion—A Six-Year Multicentre Analysis of More Than 320,000 Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Missions
Authors: Jänig Christoph , Willms Chadlia , Schwietring Jens , Güsgen Christoph , Willms Arnulf , Didion Nicole , Gruebl Tobias , Bieler Dan , Schmidbauer Willi
Published: November 2023

Background. In Europe, ambulances are increasingly being equipped with blood products for prehospital use. Available evidence on the early administration of blood products comes from military medicine and the Anglo-American medical literature; the evidence cannot be easily transferred to European countries. Objectives. This study assesses the incidence of patients with massive haemorrhage after trauma and the potential need for prehospital blood transfusions. Methods. Data reported by 37 German air rescue stations between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively analysed to predict the need for massive transfusion. Results. A total of 320,347 helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) missions were performed and involved 2982 patients with potential need for massive transfusion after trauma (approximately 13 transfusions per helicopter per year). Men were most affected (73%). The median age of patients was 38 years. Traffic accidents accounted for 59% of the cases. Most patients sustained multiple injuries including traumatic brain injuries (62%), as well as thoracic (54%), abdominal (39%), and extremity injuries (41%). The median “rSIG” (reversed shock index multiplied with the Glasgow Coma Scale) decreased from 4.31 to 3.78. Conclusions. Although the incidence of haemorrhagic trauma patients is low, the prehospital administration of blood products might be useful as a potentially life-saving bridging treatment until hospital admission.
The Association between Levels of Physical Activity and Lifestyle, Life Expectancy, and Quality of Life in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gholamalishahi Shima , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Ettorre Evaristo , Mannocci Alice , Okechukwu Chidiebere Emmanuel , Keshavarz Mohamad Javad , La Torre Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

Background: Engaging in physical activity could help improve the quality of life in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The objective of this study was to determine the association between the levels of physical activity and lifestyle, life expectancy, and quality of life in patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Iran and Italy. Methods: A total of 165 participants from Iran and Italy were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. In Iran, 85 patients participated in the study. In Italy, we enrolled 80 patients at the Sapienza University teaching hospital, Policlinico Umberto 1 in Rome. The inclusion criteria in this study include patients over 60 years old, non-smokers, and non-users of antidepressants and hypnotics. Results: The results of Tukey’s post hoc test of the study conducted in Iran showed that the lifestyle of patients with moderate (p = 0.001) and low (p = 0.009) physical activity levels was significantly better than inactive patients. Life expectancy in patients with moderate physical activity levels was significantly higher than inactive patients (p = 0.011). The quality of life was significantly better in patients with moderate (p = 0.001) and low (p = 0.002) physical activity levels than inactive patients. On the other hand, the findings of Tukey’s post hoc test of the study in Italy showed that the quality of life in patients with low (p = 0.001) and moderate physical activity levels (p = 0.01) was significantly higher than inactive patients. Conclusions: A low to moderate level of physical activity could be associated with an improved lifestyle, life expectancy, and quality of life in patients with Alzheimer’s disease compared to inactivity.
The Feasibility of Japanese Histological Grade Classification for Predicting Renal Function Deterioration among Taiwanese Individuals with IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Chen Cheng-Hsu , Wu Ming-Ju , Tsai Shang-Feng
Published: November 2023

Background: We aimed to validate the Japanese histological grading classification (JHGC) in our population of IgA immunoglobulin (IgAN) cases. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan from January 2011 to December 2023. The process involved assessing JHGC’s clinical, histological, and merged grading system. Composite renal outcomes based on glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR) were considered. Results: The study included 359 IgAN by renal biopsies. Kidney function at the time of biopsy was suboptimal, with average SCr of 1.3 mg/dL, eGFR of 54.0 mL/min/1.732 m2, and urine protein–creatinine ratio (UPCR) of 1.2 mg/mg. JHGC effectively identified different severity levels of histological and clinical aspects in Taiwanese IgAN. Initial 4-histological classification showed significantly higher MEST-C scores (p < 0.001). Merging grade III and IV was reasonable in Japanese and Taiwanese populations. The clinical grading system (3C) was associated with histological status and proteinuria, but there was no significant trend with SCr, eGFR, and blood urea nitrogen. Significant differences were found among the three groups (log-rank p < 0.01), but C-grade I and II lacked significant difference in long-term renal outcomes. We separated UPCR < 0.5 mg/mg into two groups: eGFR≥ and <60 mL/min/1.732 m2. The new grading system effectively differentiated risk factors for renal outcomes (log-rank p < 0.01), suggesting the need for separation in Taiwanese IgAN. Conclusions: Our study externally validated JHGC in non-Japanese IgAN. Despite applicability to our population, we recommend a new classification specifically for Taiwanese IgAN patients with increased case numbers in eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.732 m2 and UPCR < 0.5 g/day group.
Association between Physical Activity and Reduced Mortality in Inoperable Lung Cancer
Authors: Cavalheri Vinicius , Grigoletto Isis , McVeigh Joanne , Manners David , Boyle Terry , Peddle-McIntyre Carolyn J. , Thomas Rajesh , Leong Jeanie , Bowyer Samantha , Mooney Kirsten , Straker Leon , Galvão Daniel A.
Published: November 2023

We examined device-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour at the time of diagnosis in people with inoperable lung cancer and investigated their associations with 12-month mortality. The people with inoperable lung cancer wore an accelerometer for seven days prior to the treatment commencement. The analysed PA/sedentary behaviour variables included light-intensity PA, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), step count, the total time spent sedentary, and the usual sedentary bout duration. The data on the disease stage, clinical covariates and 12-month mortality were extracted from medical records. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between the PA measures and 12-month mortality, and the sedentary behaviour measures and 12-month mortality. The models were adjusted for the stage and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. All the PA and sedentary behaviour variables were dichotomised at their medians for analysis. Eighty-nine participants (70 ± 10 years; 55 [62%] males) contributed valid data. The twelve-month mortality was 30% (n = 27). Compared to the participants who spent ≤4.6 min/day in MVPA (n = 45), those who spent >4.6 min/day (n = 44) had a relative risk of 12-month mortality reduced by 60% (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.96; 18 versus nine deaths, respectively). The other variables of PA/sedentary behaviour were not associated with 12-month mortality. Higher device-measured MVPA was associated with reduced 12-month mortality in people who were newly diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer.
Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sinha Satyesh K. , Nicholas Susanne B.
Published: November 2023

The worldwide occurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is swiftly rising, primarily attributed to the growing population of individuals affected by type 2 diabetes. This surge has been transformed into a substantial global concern, placing additional strain on healthcare systems already grappling with significant demands. The pathogenesis of DKD is intricate, originating with hyperglycemia, which triggers various mechanisms and pathways: metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic which ultimately lead to renal damage. Within each pathway, several mediators contribute to the development of renal structural and functional changes. Some of these mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and transforming growth factor β are shared among the different pathways, leading to significant overlap and interaction between them. While current treatment options for DKD have shown advancement over previous strategies, their effectiveness remains somewhat constrained as patients still experience residual risk of disease progression. Therefore, a comprehensive grasp of the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of DKD is imperative for the continued creation of novel and groundbreaking therapies for this condition. In this review, we discuss the current achievements in fundamental research, with a particular emphasis on individual factors and recent developments in DKD treatment.
From Crafoord’s End-to-End Anastomosis Approach to Percutaneous Interventions: Coarctation of the Aorta Management Strategies and Reinterventions
Authors: Vasile Corina Maria , Laforest Gerald , Bulescu Cristian , Jalal Zakaria , Thambo Jean-Benoit , Iriart Xavier
Published: November 2023

First described in 1760 by the anatomist Morgagni, coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital heart defect characterized by narrowing the aorta, typically distal to the left subclavian artery. It accounts for approximately 5–8% of all congenital heart diseases, with an incidence estimated at 4 per 10,000 live births. In 1944, the Swedish surgeon Clarence Crafoord achieved the first successful surgical CoA repair by performing an aortic end-to-end anastomosis on two patients aged 12 and 27 years old. Presently, the most prevalent techniques for surgical repair, particularly in infants and neonates with isolated coarctation, involve resection with end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) and the modified Crafoord technique (extended resection with end-to-end anastomosis (EEEA)). Subclavian flap aortoplasty (SCAP) is an alternative surgical option for CoA repair in patients under two years of age. In cases where the stenosis extends beyond resection and end-to-end anastomosis feasibility, patch aortoplasty (PP) employing a prosthetic patch can augment the stenotic region, especially for older patients. Despite advances in pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery, recoarctation remains a significant concern after surgical or interventional repair. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough analysis of coarctation management, covering the pioneering techniques introduced by Crafoord using end-to-end anastomosis and now extending to the contemporary era marked by percutaneous interventions as well as the recoarctation rate associated with each type.
Experimental Study on High-Efficiency Cyclic CO2 Capture from Marine Exhaust by Transition-Metal-Modified CaO/Y2O3 Adsorbent
Authors: Zhang Xin , Shen Qiuwan , Zhu Kuanyu , Chen Gaokui , Yang Guogang , Li Shian
Published: November 2023

CaO-based adsorbent cycling carbon capture technology is an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions from marine exhaust gases. Metal-modified CaO-based adsorbents represent one of the important ways to improve the cyclic CO2 capture capacity. In order to obtain economical and efficient CaO-based adsorbents, transition metal (Cu, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni)-modified CaO/Y2O3 adsorbents were prepared using the sol–gel method. CO2 cyclic adsorption capacity tests were carried out in a fixed bed. The microstructure of the adsorbents was analyzed using XRD, SEM, and BET. The adsorption performance and cycle stability of the modified CaO/Y2O3 adsorbents were investigated in depth. The results show that the Fe-CaY adsorbent had the best adsorption performance. The initial adsorption capacity of Fe-CaY was 0.62 g/g at 650 °C, and the adsorption capacity was 0.59 g/g at the 25th cycle. Fe-CaY-doped samples with the largest pore size and specific surface area showed the best adsorption performance due to the contribution of macropores in the prevention of sintering. Fe doping can greatly improve the CO2 adsorption capacity and cycle stability of an adsorbent and also reduce the CaO-based adsorbent cycle temperature. In addition, the Fe-Ni-CaY adsorbent had the best adsorption performance among the bimetallic (Cu-Ni, Fe-Ni, Co-Ni, Cr-Ni)-modified CaO/Y2O3 adsorbents. However, compared with Fe-CaY, the adsorption capacity decreased. The reason for this might have been that the addition of Ni destroyed the rich pore structure between Fe-Ca-Y and the stability of the adsorbent particle structure, which led to the aggregation of CaO crystals and reduced the CO2 adsorption capacity. Therefore, the Fe-CaY developed in this study has excellent adsorption capacity and cyclic stability, which makes it a promising adsorbent for CO2 capture in marine exhaust gases.
Numerical Study on Wave–Ice Floe Interaction in Regular Waves
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Wang Jiaan , Wang Chao , Wang Zeping , Zhang Yuan
Published: November 2023

The marginal ice zone (MIZ) is located at the junction of ice-covered areas and open water, where waves cause ice floes to break up and change their state of motion, thus threatening the safety of ships navigating the ice. This study employs the Structured Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (S-ALE) method and the numerical wave-making method based on dynamic boundary conditions to numerically examine the motion response of ice floes in waves. The longitudinal motion of ice floes in waves can be classified into two distinct states, namely irregular and regular, depending on the wavelength. In the short-wave range, the ice floes exhibit primarily irregular motion, whereas in the long-wave range, their motion becomes regular, resembling that of isolated ice floes. The longitudinal motion response of the ice floes remains unaffected by their size. However, the longitudinal velocity, surge velocity, and displacement of the ice floes are influenced by the wavelength. Furthermore, the numerical calculations are compared to the model test conducted in a towing tank using paraffin artificial ices, revealing a qualitative agreement between the experimental and numerical results.
Modeling and Simulation of a Turbine Access System with Three-Axial Active Motion Compensation
Authors: Wang Jingfu , Zhang Songtao , Cheng Jiahuan , Li Yunfei , Shen Yan , Wu Zihao
Published: November 2023

As an essential transportation equipment for personnel to access offshore wind plants, the safety and stability of the turbine access system (TAS) have gained increasing significance. However, when sea conditions deteriorate, the end of the TAS will experience large-angle shaking and an increase in the heave height. A novel 3-DOFs TAS with active motion compensation for the Fujian coastal area is designed to solve the problem of the stability of the end of the TAS under sea conditions with a significant wave height of 2.2 m, including structural design, kinematic analysis, hydraulic drive design, and control system design. In the research, a new stacking compensation method is proposed to compensate for the roll angle, pitch angle, and heave height at the end of the TAS. The 3-DOFs TAS is modeled mathematically by the Denavit–Hartenberg parameters, and the hydraulic system model is established. In order to improve the compensation effect, a fuzzy PID controller with feedforward compensation is designed based on fuzzy PID control, and the model simulation experiment is carried out by MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, the experimental simulation shows that under the compensation of the feedforward compensation fuzzy PID control algorithm and the new compensation algorithm, the roll angle of the TAS is reduced by a maximum of 84.8%, the pitch angle is reduced by 75%, and the heave height is reduced by 73.6%. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and provides a reference for future TAS design and development.
Age and Growth of Shotted Halibut, Eopsetta grigorjewi (Herzenstein, 1890), in the West Sea of Korea
Authors: Choi Dong-Hyuk , Youn Byoung-Il , Han Kyeong-Ho , Kwon Dae-Hyeon , Lee Soo-Jeong
Published: November 2023

To investigate the age and growth characteristics of shotted halibut, Eopsetta grigorjewi, in the West Sea of Korea, the samples were collected using gill nets throughout 2019. A total of 861 specimens (693 females and 168 males) were analyzed. The BW-TL relations were BW = 0.0034TL3.3278 (R2 = 0.8716) for females and BW = 0.0031TL3.3359 (R2 = 0.8860) for males. This analysis revealed that males exhibited a larger growth rate than females (p < 0.05). Notably, the anterior and posterior sections of the otolith displayed an elongated oval shape, exceeding the radius of the dorsal and ventral regions. By examining the correlation between radii in four directions and total length, the highest correlation was observed between the total length (TL) and the ventral radius (R). The evaluation of the relationship between the fish total length and the otolith ventral radiusresulted in an equation of TL = 14.657R + 9.1601 (R2 =0.7081) for females and TL = 15.037R + 5.0265 (R2 = 0.6992) for males (p < 0.05). The formation of annuli occurred annually, consistently in January each year, as discerned through monthly changes in marginal index (MI) values. The von Bertalanffy growth equations from the relationship between the otolith annuli radius and the total length were Lt = 83.6 (1 − exp−0.046(t+4.70)) in females (n = 693, p < 0.05) and Lt = 56.8 (1 − exp−0.078(t+2.16)) in males (n = 168, p < 0.05).
Development of the INpaTiEnt Rehabilitation App Compliance QuesTionnaire [INTERACT]
Authors: Hakam Hassan Tarek , Mühlensiepen Felix , Salzmann Mikhail , Lettner Jonathan , Becker Roland , Kopf Sebastian , Prill Robert
Published: November 2023

Background: The elements of previously designed questionnaires do not take into consideration the burdens encountered in an inpatient hospital setting. The purpose of this study is to validate elements of a non-compliance survey in an in-hospital setting and discuss aspects of compliance with telerehabilitative physiotherapy in the early postoperative period. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify elements that prevent patients from performing their prescribed physical therapy exercises. These items were then evaluated by the expert review technique as described by Ikart. Afterwards, the synthesized survey was handed out to patients for the assessment of the quality of its items. Results: The results of the expert review technique identified some conceptual and grammatical problems. This led to the adjustment of some of the elements. The quality of the resulting questionnaire was deemed to be good, as patients were able to fully understand the concepts and answer accordingly. A statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the responses. Conclusions: The items of this second questionnaire have proven to be reliable to assess the compliance of patients in an in-hospital setting. These items will be added to the cross-culturally adapted items of a previous questionnaire.
Computed Tomography-Based Radiomics for Long-Term Prognostication of High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer Patients Received Whole Pelvic Radiotherapy
Authors: Leung Vincent W. S. , Ng Curtise K. C. , Lam Sai-Kit , Wong Po-Tsz , Ng Ka-Yan , Tam Cheuk-Hong , Lee Tsz-Ching , Chow Kin-Chun , Chow Yan-Kate , Tam Victor C. W. , Lee Shara W. Y. , Lim Fiona M. Y. , Wu Jackie Q. , Cai Jing
Published: November 2023

Given the high death rate caused by high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) (>40%) and the reliability issues associated with traditional prognostic markers, the purpose of this study is to investigate planning computed tomography (pCT)-based radiomics for the long-term prognostication of high-risk localized PCa patients who received whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT). This is a retrospective study with methods based on best practice procedures for radiomics research. Sixty-four patients were selected and randomly assigned to training (n = 45) and testing (n = 19) cohorts for radiomics model development with five major steps: pCT image acquisition using a Philips Big Bore CT simulator; multiple manual segmentations of clinical target volume for the prostate (CTVprostate) on the pCT images; feature extraction from the CTVprostate using PyRadiomics; feature selection for overfitting avoidance; and model development with three-fold cross-validation. The radiomics model and signature performances were evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as well as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. This study’s results show that our pCT-based radiomics model was able to predict the six-year progression-free survival of the high-risk localized PCa patients who received the WPRT with highly consistent performances (mean AUC: 0.76 (training) and 0.71 (testing)). These are comparable to findings of other similar studies including those using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of our radiomics signature that consisted of two texture features were 0.778, 0.833 and 0.556 (training) and 0.842, 0.867 and 0.750 (testing), respectively. Since CT is more readily available than MRI and is the standard-of-care modality for PCa WPRT planning, pCT-based radiomics could be used as a routine non-invasive approach to the prognostic prediction of WPRT treatment outcomes in high-risk localized PCa.
Does Sexual Function and Quality of Life Improve after Medical Therapy in Women with Endometriosis? A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Biasioli Anna , Zermano Silvia , Previtera Francesca , Arcieri Martina , Della Martina Monica , Raimondo Diego , Raffone Antonio , Restaino Stefano , Vizzielli Giuseppe , Driul Lorenza
Published: November 2023

Background: Endometriosis is a gynecological condition affecting up to 10% of women of reproductive age and characterized by chronic pain. Pain is the major cause of the impairment of quality of life in all aspects of these patients. Previous studies have shown that endometriosis treatment, hormonal or surgical, has proven effective not only in controlling the disease but also in improving symptoms, and we can assume also effective in improving quality of life. Methods: This study evaluates quality of life and sexual function in patients with endometriosis at the time of diagnosis and after 6 months of medical therapy, to assess the impact of treatment on these aspects. We evaluated retrospectively patients with a diagnosis of endometriosis between 2018 and 2020. All patients underwent gynecological examination and transvaginal ultrasound and filled in three questionnaires. The same evaluation was provided after taking medical hormonal therapy. Results: The improvement of dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and dyspareunia after medical treatment were statistically significant. Instead, items concerning arousal, lubrication, and sexual satisfaction showed a statistically significant worsening after therapy. Conclusions: We can state that hormone therapy alone is not sufficient to achieve an improvement in the patient’s quality of life and sexual function. Emerging evidence suggests that most of these patients showed a central sensibilization phenomenon characterized by an amplification of the response to a peripheral and/or neuropathic nociceptive trigger, which is expressed by hyperalgesia and allodynia. For this reason, in these patients, it is better to adopt a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach, including other professional figures, that acts on pain and also intervenes in all those conditions that contribute to worsening quality of life.
Which Is the Best Way to Treat Massive Hemoptysis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Karlafti Eleni , Tsavdaris Dimitrios , Kotzakioulafi Evangelia , Kougias Leonidas , Tagarakis Georgios , Kaiafa Georgia , Netta Smaro , Savopoulos Christos , Michalopoulos Antonios , Paramythiotis Daniel
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Hemoptysis is one of the most common symptoms of respiratory system diseases. Common causes include bronchiectasis, tumors, tuberculosis, aspergilloma, and cystic fibrosis. The severity of hemoptysis varies from mild to moderate to massive hemoptysis and can easily lead to hemodynamic instability and death from suffocation or shock. Nevertheless, the most threatening hemoptysis that is presented to the emergency department and requires hospitalization is the massive one. In these cases, today, the most common way to manage hemoptysis is bronchial artery embolization (BAE). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus from January 2017 (with the aim of selecting the newest possible reports in the literature) until May 2023 for studies reporting massive hemoptysis. All studies that included technical and clinical success rates of hemoptysis management, as well as rebleeding and mortality rates, were included. A proportional meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Results: Of the 30 studies included in this systematic review, 26 used bronchial artery embolization as a means of treating hemoptysis, with very high levels of both technical and clinical success (greater than 73.7% and 84.2%, respectively). However, in cases where it was not possible to use bronchial artery embolization, alternative methods were used, such as dual-vessel intervention (80% technical success rate and 66.7% clinical success rate), customized endobronchial silicone blockers (92.3% technical success rate and 92.3% clinical success rate), antifibrinolytic agents (50% clinical success rate), and percutaneous transthoracic embolization (93.1% technical success rate and 88.9% clinical success rate), which all had high success rates apart from antifibrinolytic agents. Of the 2467 patients included in these studies, 341 experienced rebleeding during the follow-up period, while 354 other complications occurred, including chest discomfort, fever, dysphagia, and paresis. A total of 89 patients died after an episode of massive hemoptysis or during the follow-up period. The results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled technical success of bronchial artery embolization equal to 97.22% and a pooled clinical success equal to 92.46%. The pooled recurrence was calculated to be 21.46%, while the mortality was 3.5%. These results confirm the ability of bronchial artery embolization in the treatment of massive hemoptysis but also emphasize the high rate of recurrence following the intervention, as well as the risk of death. Conclusion: In conclusion, massive hemoptysis can be treated with great clinical and technical success using bronchial artery embolization, reducing mortality. Mortality has now been reduced to a small percentage of cases.
Is Age a Limiting Factor for Audiological Results in Active Middle Ear Implants?
Authors: Morales-Puebla J. Manuel , Lassaletta Luis , Sánchez-Cuadrado Isabel , Calvino Miryam , Gavilán Javier
Published: November 2023

Active middle ear implants (AMEI) are implantable options for patients with sensorineural, conductive, or mixed hearing loss who are not good candidates for hearing aids. The aim of this study was to compare audiological, surgical, quality of life, and sound quality outcomes in adults <60 and ≥60 years receiving an AMEI. Twenty adult patients who underwent AMEI implantation were divided into two groups, <60 and ≥60 y. Preoperative tests included pure-tone average and speech discrimination score (SDS) at 65 dB for disyllabic words in quiet. Postoperative measures included AMEI-aided bone conduction threshold, free-field warble-tone threshold, and SDS at 65 dB for disyllabic words in quiet 12 months after the AMEI fitting. Subjective benefit was evaluated using the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ), Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI), and Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index (HISQUI19). Mean functional gain was 32 and 30 dB, and SDS at 65 dB improved from 19 to 95% and from 31 to 84% in the <60 and ≥60 y groups, respectively. All NCIQ domains improved following surgery, and all patients had a positive overall GBI score. The mean HISQUI19 score was 97 in both age groups. AMEIs are an effective hearing restoration method for older adults suffering from conductive or mixed hearing loss.
Global Financial Market Integration: A Literature Survey
Authors: Haddad Sama
Published: November 2023

This article undertakes a literature review on the topic of market integration, covering over 380 articles from the 1980s to 2024. The review consists of a qualitative analysis for context and a quantitative analysis for content, identifying key research streams and proposing directions for future research. I have identified six research groups: (1) market segmentation, (2) portfolio diversification, (3) market integration evidence from developed and emerging markets, (4) spillovers and linkages, (5) economic market integration, and (6) financial market integration and volatility. The literature focuses on market integration; it aims to answer the following questions: (1) What is the scope of market integration research? (2) What are the direct influences of market integration looking at top journals and authors and characteristics of most studied and cited topics? (3) What are the past and recent topics studied within the area of market integration? (4) What are the potential future research questions to explore in market integration? The topic of market integration has been controversial in many studies, as seen in policy decision-making, investments, and other related areas; this literature will provide great benefit for such an audience.
Machine Learning for Enhanced Credit Risk Assessment: An Empirical Approach
Authors: Suhadolnik Nicolas , Ueyama Jo , Da Silva Sergio
Published: November 2023

Financial institutions and regulators increasingly rely on large-scale data analysis, particularly machine learning, for credit decisions. This paper assesses ten machine learning algorithms using a dataset of over 2.5 million observations from a financial institution. We also summarize key statistical and machine learning models in credit scoring and review current research findings. Our results indicate that ensemble models, particularly XGBoost, outperform traditional algorithms such as logistic regression in credit classification. Researchers and experts in the subject of credit risk can use this work as a practical reference as it covers crucial phases of data processing, exploratory data analysis, modeling, and evaluation metrics.