bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 promotes cold-enhanced immunity by directly activating salicylic acid signaling
Authors: Li Shaoqin , He Li , Yang Yongping , Zhang Yixin , Han Xiao , Hu Yanru , Jiang Yanjuan
Published: March 2024

Cold stress affects plant immune responses, and this process may involve the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. However, the underlying mechanism by which low-temperature signals coordinate with SA signaling to regulate plant immunity remains unclear. Here, we found that low temperatures enhanced the disease resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. This process required INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ICE1), the core transcription factor in cold-signal cascades. ICE1 physically interacted with NONEXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1), the master regulator of the SA signaling pathway. Enrichment of ICE1 on the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 (PR1) promoter and its ability to transcriptionally activate PR1 were enhanced by NPR1. Further analyses revealed that cold stress signals cooperate with SA signals to facilitate plant immunity against pathogen attack in an ICE1-dependent manner. Cold treatment promoted interactions of NPR1 and TGACG-BINDING FACTOR 3 (TGA3) with ICE1 and increased the ability of the ICE1–TGA3 complex to transcriptionally activate PR1. Together, our results characterize a critical role of ICE1 as an indispensable regulatory node linking low-temperature-activated and SA-regulated immunity. Understanding this crucial role of ICE1 in coordinating multiple signals associated with immunity broadens our understanding of plant–pathogen interactions.
Autophagosome biogenesis and organelle homeostasis in plant cells
Authors: Zhuang Xiaohong , Li Baiying , Jiang Liwen
Published: March 2024

Autophagy is one of the major highly inducible degradation processes in response to plant developmental and environmental signals. In response to different stimuli, cellular materials, including proteins and organelles, can be sequestered into a double membrane autophagosome structure either selectively or nonselectively. The formation of an autophagosome as well as its delivery into the vacuole involves complex and dynamic membrane processes. The identification and characterization of the conserved autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and their related regulators have greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying autophagosome biogenesis and function in plant cells. Autophagosome biogenesis is tightly regulated by the coordination of multiple ATG and non-ATG proteins and by selective cargo recruitment. This review updates our current knowledge of autophagosome biogenesis, with special emphasis on the core molecular machinery that drives autophagosome formation and autophagosome-organelle interactions under abiotic stress conditions.
Concurrent Validity and Reliability of Video-Based Approach to Assess Physical Function in Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Aily Jéssica B , da Silva Alyssa Conte , de Noronha Marcos , White Daniel K , Mattiello Stela M
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the concurrent validity and reliability of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International recommended performance-based tests delivered by video-based in adults with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

Thirty-two participants (aged 40–70 years; 15 men) undertook assessments of 4 performance-based tests via both video-based (real-time and recorded) and face-to-face approaches, on the same day. Outcome measures were performance-based test and the number of technical issues encountered. The performance-based tests included the 40-Meter Fast-Paced Walk Test (velocity, m/s), the 30-Second Chair Stand Test (number of repetitions), the Stair Climb Test (time, seconds), and the Timed “Up & Go” Test (time, seconds). The Bland–Altman limit of agreement measures, standard error of measurement (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV), minimal detectable changes, and bias (mean difference) were employed to analyze the concurrent validity between video-based and face-to-face approaches of the performance-based tests. Reliability was measured using intraclass correlation coefficients, CV, and SEM.

Results

A high degree of concurrent validity for the Timed “Up & Go” Test (bias = −0.22), the 30-Second Chair Stand Test (bias = −0.22), the Stair Climb Test (bias = −0.31), and the 40-Meter Fast-Paced Walk Test (bias = −0.06) was found. SEM and CV values were within the acceptable level for concurrent validity. There was a high degree of reliability demonstrated for all tests analyzed. Intraclass correlation coefficient measures ranged from 0.95 to 1.00 for intrarater reliability, and from 0.95 to 0.99 for interrater reliability.

Conclusions

Video-based assessment of physical performance tests is a valid and reliable tool for measuring physical function among adults with knee osteoarthritis via Microsoft Teams (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA).

Impact

Video-based assessment is a promising public health tool to measure physical function in adults with knee osteoarthritis.
Igniting the Fire of Discovery: Creating Partnerships Between Research, Education, and Practice
Authors: Dusing Stacey C
Published: March 2024

In the 28th H.P. Maley Lecture, Stacey Dusing, PT, PhD, FAPTA, shares a perspective on the importance of clinician–scientists in bridging the chasm that currently exists between scholarship and clinical practice. Describing herself as a clinician–scientist, or a qualified health care professional who functions mainly as a career scientist with the other portion of time dedicated to clinical practice, Dusing highlights the potential impact of limited training for clinician–scientists in the physical therapist profession and its impact on the future of physical therapy. She challenges all physical therapists to consider the impact of Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education requirements on scholarship and the lack of requirement for clinical practice while also recognizing that training programs for clinician–scientists are quite limited. Reviewing some historical data and highlighting possible areas for growth, Dusing calls physical therapists to action in 4 areas. This paper calls all physical therapists, especially educators and administrators, to consider the role of clinician–scientist in promoting physical therapy and knowledge translation. The author challenges the profession to consider whether we are helping to train or embed clinician–scientists in our clinical workplaces to promote knowledge translation. Suggestions are made to improve research and clinical training programs to increase the number of clinician–scientists in physical therapy.
Excitatory cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation boosts the leverage of prior knowledge for predicting actions
Authors: Oldrati Viola , Butti Niccolò , Ferrari Elisabetta , Cattaneo Zaira , Urgesi Cosimo , Finisguerra Alessandra
Published: March 2024

The cerebellum causally supports social processing by generating internal models of social events based on statistical learning of behavioral regularities. However, whether the cerebellum is only involved in forming or also in using internal models for the prediction of forthcoming actions is still unclear. We used cerebellar transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS) to modulate the performance of healthy adults in using previously learned expectations in an action prediction task. In a first learning phase of this task, participants were exposed to different levels of associations between specific actions and contextual elements, to induce the formation of either strongly or moderately informative expectations. In a following testing phase, which assessed the use of these expectations for predicting ambiguous (i.e. temporally occluded) actions, we delivered ctDCS. Results showed that anodic, compared to sham, ctDCS boosted the prediction of actions embedded in moderately, but not strongly, informative contexts. Since ctDCS was delivered during the testing phase, that is after expectations were established, our findings suggest that the cerebellum is causally involved in using internal models (and not just in generating them). This encourages the exploration of the clinical effects of ctDCS to compensate poor use of predictive internal models for social perception.
New Races with Wider Virulence Indicate Rapid Evolution of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the Southern Cone of America
Authors: Riella Venancio , Rodriguez-Algaba Julian , García Richard , Pereira Fernando , Silva Paula , Hovmøller Mogens S. , Germán Silvia
Published: March 2024

Wheat yellow (stripe) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide. Pst populations are composed of multiple genetic groups, each carrying one or more races characterized by different avirulence/virulence combinations. Since the severe epidemics in 2017, yellow rust has become the most economically important wheat foliar disease in Uruguay. A set of 124 Pst isolates collected from wheat fields in Uruguay between 2017 and 2021 were characterized phenotypically, and 27 of those isolates were subsequently investigated in-depth by additional molecular genotyping and race phenotyping analyses. Three genetic groups were identified, PstS7, PstS10, and PstS13, with the latter being the most prevalent. Two races previously reported in Europe, Warrior (PstS7) and Benchmark (PstS10), were detected in four and two isolates, respectively. A third race, known as Triticale2015 (PstS13), that was first detected in Europe in 2015 and in Argentina in 2017 was detected at several locations. Additional virulence to Yr3, Yr17, Yr25, Yr27, or Yr32 was detected in three new race variants within PstS13. The identification of these new races, which have not been reported outside South America, provides strong evidence of the local evolution of virulence in Pst during the recent epidemic years.
High Hepatitis C Cure Rates Among Patients With Alcohol Use at a Safety-Net Hepatitis C Clinic
Authors: Heiman Erica , Alexander Meghan , Zhang Rebecca , Zheng Ziduo , Miller Lesley S.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

We set out to examine several aspects of the relationship between alcohol use and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among a cohort of patients treated at an HCV clinic within a safety net hospital. We examined (1) the prevalence of alcohol use among patients treated for HCV, (2) the likelihood of being started on treatment among patients who reported drinking alcohol compared with those who did not, and (3) the associations between alcohol use and HCV cure.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart abstraction study using data from the Grady Liver Clinic, a specialty HCV clinic colocated in Grady Memorial Hospital's primary care clinic and run by general internists.

Results

Nine hundred fifty-four patients were included. The sustained virologic response rate among those with 12-week posttreatment measurement was 99.2%, with only 5 patients experiencing virologic failure. None of the alcohol use indicators significantly impacted sustained virologic response or loss to follow-up. Estimates of alcohol use ranged from 28.9% (by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, code) to 48.9% (clinician documentation). Treatment initiation rates were the same among those who did and did not report alcohol use.

Conclusions

Alcohol use was not associated with decreased HCV cure rates. Our findings validate the inclusion of patients with alcohol use in HCV treatment programs.
Timelines for Return to Different Sports Types After Eight Cervical Spine Fractures in Recreational and Elite Athletes
Authors: Hung Nicole J. , McClellan Robert Trigg , Hsu Wellington , Hu Serena S. , Clark Aaron J. , Theologis Alekos A.
Published: March 2024

Study Design:

Prospective cross-sectional survey.

Objective:

To identify timelines for when athletes may be considered safe to return to varying athletic activities after sustaining cervical spine fractures.

Background:

While acute management and detection of cervical spine fractures have been areas of comprehensive investigation, insight into timelines for when athletes may return to different athletic activities after sustaining such fractures is limited.

Methods:

A web-based survey was administered to members of the Association for Collaborative Spine Research that consisted of surgeon demographic information and questions asking when athletes (recreational vs elite) with one of 8 cervical fractures would be allowed to return to play noncontact, contact, and collision sports treated nonoperatively or operatively. The third part queried whether the decision to return to sports was influenced by the type of fixation or the presence of radiculopathy.

Results:

Thirty-three responses were included for analysis. For all 8 cervical spine fractures treated nonoperatively and operatively, significantly longer times to return to sports for athletes playing contact or collision sports compared with recreational and elite athletes playing noncontact sports, respectively (P < 0.05), were felt to be more appropriate. Comparing collision sports with contact sports for recreational and elite athletes, similar times for return to sports for nearly all fractures treated nonoperatively or operatively were noted. In the setting of associated radiculopathy, the most common responses for safe return to play were “when only motor deficits resolve completely” and “when both motor and sensory deficits resolve completely.”

Conclusions:

In this survey of spine surgeons from the Association for Collaborative Spine Research, reasonable timeframes for return to play for athletes with 8 different cervical spine fractures treated nonoperatively or operatively varied based on fracture subtype and level of sporting physicality.
The association between mean arterial pressure and acute kidney injury reversal among patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Cullaro Giuseppe , Allegretti Andrew S. , Fenton Cynthia , Ge Jin , Patidar Kavish R. , Rubin Jessica , Sharma Arjun , Lai Jennifer C.
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:

This study informs how mean arterial pressure (MAP) impacts acute kidney injury (AKI) recovery among all patients hospitalized with cirrhosis, regardless of etiology.

Approach and Results:

We identified incident AKI episodes among subjects in our cohort of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. AKI was defined as a ≥50% increase in creatinine from an outpatient baseline (≥7 days prior) that required hospitalization. Linear mixed effects models were completed to determine the impact between AKI recovery, MAP, and time. To determine the impact of MAP on AKI reversal, we completed time-dependent Cox regression models with time beginning at the time of peak creatinine and ending at death, discharge, or AKI reversal, among those hospitalized with AKI and those with persistent AKI (≥48 h) We identified 702 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis with AKI. We found those with AKI reversal had, on average, higher MAP (2.1 mm Hg, p<0.05) and a greater increase in MAP over time (0.1 mm Hg per hour, p<0.001). Among all 702 hospitalized patients with AKI and adjusted for confounders, each 5 mm Hg increase in MAP was associated with 1.07× the hazard of AKI reversal (p<0.01). Similarly, among those with persistent AKI after adjusting for confounders, each 5 mm Hg increase in MAP was associated with a 1.19× greater likelihood of AKI reversal (p<0.001).

Discussion:

Our data demonstrate that MAP significantly increases the likelihood of AKI recovery regardless of severity or injury or AKI phenotype. We believe these data highlight the importance of MAP as a clinical tool to promote kidney function recovery among patients with cirrhosis hospitalized with AKI.
Feasibility of Liver Transplantation after 90Y Radioembolization: Lessons from a Radiation Protection Incident
Authors: Soret Marine , Maisonobe Jacques-Antoine , Maksud Philippe , Payen Stéphane , Allaire Manon , Savier Eric , Roux Charles , Lussey-Lepoutre Charlotte , Kas Aurélie
Published: March 2024

Radioembolization using 90Y is a growing procedure in nuclear medicine for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Current guidelines suggest postponing liver transplantation or surgical resection for a period of 14 to 30 d after radioembolization to minimize surgeons’ exposure to ionizing radiation. In light of a radiation protection incident, we reevaluated the minimum delay required between radioembolization and subsequent liver transplantation. A patient with a hepatocellular carcinoma underwent a liver transplantation 44 h after undergoing radioembolization using 90Y (860 MBq SIR-Spheres). No specific radioprotection measures were followed during surgery and pathological analysis. We subsequently (1) evaluated the healthcare professionals' exposure to ionizing radiation by conducting dose rate measurements from removed liver tissue and (2) extrapolated the recommended interval to be observed between radioembolization and surgery/transplantation to ensure compliance with the radiation dose limits for worker safety. The surgeons involved in the transplantation procedure experienced the highest radiation exposure, with whole-body doses of 2.4 mSv and extremity doses of 24 mSv. The recommended delay between radioembolization and liver transplantation was 8 d when using SIR-Spheres and 15 d when injecting TheraSphere. This delay can be reduced further when considering the specific 90Y activity administered during radioembolization. This dosimetric study suggests the feasibility of shortening the delay for liver transplantation/surgery after radioembolization from the 8th or 15th day after using SIR-Spheres or TheraSphere, respectively. This delay can be decreased further when adjusted to the administrated activity while upholding radiation protection standards for healthcare professionals.
Metformin in Glaucoma Treatment
Authors: Daka Qëndresë , Neziri Burim , Lindner Ewald , Azuara Blanco Augusto
Published: March 2024

Précis:

Rigorous trials are essential to develop comprehensive treatment strategies that fully exploit the therapeutic potential of metformin in the treatment of glaucoma.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potentially beneficial effect of metformin on glaucoma risk factors and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The aim is to contribute to the development of new treatment strategies for glaucoma.

Methods:

We searched for studies that assessed the effects of metformin on glaucoma risk factors and the associated underlying mechanisms. Our search included electronic databases such as PUBMED, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov.

Results:

Unfortunately, we did not find any clinical trials that specifically investigated the impact of metformin on glaucoma. However, data from experimental studies demonstrated the capability of metformin to modulate various pathways that could contribute to neuroprotection in glaucoma.

Conclusion:

In order to develop comprehensive treatment strategies that fully exploit the therapeutic potential of metformin in the treatment of glaucoma, rigorous trials are essential. These studies are necessary to demonstrate both the safety and efficacy of metformin in the context of glaucoma treatment.
Prevalence of Atopic Disorders Among Pediatric Patients With Pulmonary and Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Zhang Sarah , LaBere Brenna , Woodward James V. , Ballan Wassim , Perry Katherine W. , Sacco Keith
Published: March 2024

Type 2 inflammatory responses are associated with worse prognosis in coccidioidomycosis. It is unclear whether patients with preexisting type 2 inflammation and atopic disorders are predisposed to disseminated coccidioidomycosis. A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis revealed no significant difference in the history of atopic disorders or eosinophilia as compared to those with isolated pulmonary disease. Tissue-specific type 2 responses may still play a role in coccidioidomycosis immune dysregulation, and further investigation is needed.
Multispecialty Management of Metastatic Colon Adenocarcinoma Involving the Extraocular Muscles: Primary Excision and Simultaneous Treatment of Strabismus With a Review of the Literature
Authors: Azad Fereshteh , Singalavanija Tassapol , Beaulieu Robert , Mingardo Federica , Archer Steven M. , Elner Victor Maurice , Demirci Hakan
Published: March 2024

Metastatic colon adenocarcinoma involving the extraocular muscles is extremely rare. It usually develops following the diagnosis of the systemic disease and therefore, management and treatment require a multispecialty approach. Within this manuscript, we provide a summary of cases of orbital metastasis secondary to colon cancer. We further discuss a detailed case of a 42-year-old male patient who developed recent-onset diplopia in the left gaze. Orbital CT imaging showed a localized, well-circumscribed enlargement of the right medial rectus muscle. The biopsy of the right medial rectus showed adenocarcinoma originating from the gastrointestinal system. Further workup revealed colon adenocarcinoma with multiple metastatic sites. The patient started systemic chemotherapy. After 2 months of chemotherapy (5-fluouracil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and leucovorin), all systemic metastatic sites regressed; however, his medial rectus muscle continued to grow, causing compressive optic neuropathy. The patient underwent excisional biopsy of the right medial rectus muscle with simultaneous repair of the strabismus with transposition of superior and inferior recti muscles. He continued with systemic chemotherapy. Follow up in 1 year revealed no local orbital tumor recurrence with excellent visual acuity and no diplopia in primary gaze.
Is Blepharoplasty Cost-effective? Utility Analysis of Dermatochalasis and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty
Authors: Lee Tonya C. , Fung Sammie E. , Hu Jenny Q. , Villatoro George A. , Park Kathryn S. , Fung Brian M. , Groessl Erik J. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O. , Liu Catherine Y.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

This cross-sectional prospective study measured utility values of upper eyelid dermatochalasis to quantify its impact on quality of life and assess cost-effectiveness of upper blepharoplasty.

Methods:

Utility of dermatochalasis was assessed using the standard reference gamble and time trade-off methods, with dual anchor points of perfect eye function and perfect health. The utility value obtained was used to create a Markov model and run a cost-effectiveness analysis of blepharoplasty as a treatment for dermatochalasis while utilizing the societal perspective.

Results:

One hundred three patients with dermatochalasis recruited from an urban outpatient ophthalmology clinic completed the utility survey. The authors determined utility values for dermatochalasis ranging from 0.74 to 0.92 depending on the measurement method (standard reference gamble/time trade-off) and anchor points. The cost-effectiveness analysis yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $3,146 per quality-adjusted life year, well under the conventional willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis with Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated that blepharoplasty would be cost-effective in 88.1% of cases at this willingness-to-pay threshold.

Conclusions:

Dermatochalasis has an impact on quality of life that is significantly associated with level of perceived functional impairment. Rising health care costs have underscored the importance of providing value-based treatment to patients, and the results of this study suggest that blepharoplasty is a cost-effective treatment option for symptomatic bilateral upper eyelid dermatochalasis.
Spontaneous Blinking Kinematics After Frontalis Muscle Flap Advancement
Authors: Xavier Naiara F. , Garcia Denny M. , Cruz Antonio Augusto V.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To measure the spontaneous blinking metrics after blepharoptosis correction with frontalis muscle flap advancement.

Methods:

A video system was employed to measure the amplitude and velocity of spontaneous blinking of 24 eyelids after the frontalis muscle flap surgery for blepharoptosis correction. A control group with no eyelid disorders was also measured. The data of 13 eyelids who had frontalis slings with autogenous fascia, which were previously collected with the same method in another study, were used for comparison. Digital images were used to measure the superior margin reflex distance and the presence of lagophthalmos during a gentle closure of the palpebral fissure. Superficial keratitis was assessed by corneal biomicroscopy.

Results:

The mean amplitude of spontaneous blinking was 6.3 mm in controls, 2.6 mm in the frontalis flap patients, and 2.1 mm in the fascia sling group. The mean blink velocity was 133.8 mm/second in controls, 39.0 mm/second (3.7 standard error) after the frontalis flap, and 36.3 mm/second in patients with frontalis sling with fascia. For these 2 parameters, there was no statistical difference between the surgical groups, but a significant reduction when compared with the control group. No significant association was found between lagophthalmos and keratitis and the surgical procedure.

Conclusions:

There is no difference between the blinking metrics of eyelids operated using the frontalis muscle flap advancement technique or frontalis sling with autogenous fascia. The presence of lagophthalmos and keratitis also does not differ between the 2 procedures.
Semiautomated MRI-Based Method for Orbital Volume and Contour Analysis
Authors: Smadar Lital , Arazi Mattan , Greenberg Gahl , Haviv Limor , Benifla Or , Zabatani Amit , Fabian Ina , Dagan Mayan , Gutovitz Joel M. , Ben Simon Guy J. , Landau-Prat Daphna
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

The architecture of the orbital cavity is intricate, and precise measurement of its growth is essential for managing ocular and orbital pathologies. Most methods for those measurements are by CT imaging, although MRI for soft tissue assessment is indicated in many cases, specifically pediatric patients. This study introduces a novel semiautomated MRI-based approach for depicting orbital shape and dimensions.

Design:

A retrospective cohort study.

Participants:

Patients with at least 1 normal orbit who underwent both CT and MRI imaging at a single center from 2015 to 2023.

Methods:

Orbital dimensions included volume, horizontal and vertical lengths, and depth. These were determined by manual segmentation followed by 3-dimensional image processing software.

Main Outcome Measures:

Differences in orbital measurements between MRI and CT scans.

Results:

Thirty-one patients (mean age 47.7 ± 23.8 years, 21 [67.7%]) females, were included. The mean differences in delta values between orbital measurements on CT versus MRI were: volume 0.03 ± 2.01 ml, horizontal length 0.53 ± 2.12 mm, vertical length, 0.36 ± 2.53 mm, and depth 0.97 ± 3.90 mm. The CT and. MRI orbital measurements were strongly correlated: volume (r = 0.92, p < 0.001), horizontal length (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), vertical length (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), and depth (r = 0.46, p = 0.009). The mean values of all measurements were similar on the paired-samples t test: p = 0.9 for volume (30.86 ± 5.04 ml on CT and 30.88 ± 4.92 ml on MRI), p = 0.2 for horizontal length, p = 0.4 for vertical length, and p = 0.2 for depth.

Conclusions:

We present an innovative semiautomated method capable of calculating orbital volume and demonstrating orbital contour by MRI validated against the gold standard CT-based measurements. This method can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating diverse orbital processes.
The Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire: Is It Possible to Predict a Satisfactory Result After Cosmetic Eyelid Surgery?
Authors: Devoto Martin H. , Díaz Ricci Andrés I. , Gasparini Cecilia
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

As oculofacial surgeons performing esthetic surgery, the most valuable result is a satisfied patient. It can be extremely frustrating to have an unhappy patient with, what we believe is, a satisfactory result. Therefore, the ability to predict satisfaction is of extreme importance. We studied our cosmetic eyelid surgery patients to try to find factors that can predict satisfaction.

Methods:

We retrospectively studied 454 consecutive patients, who underwent any combination of 7 cosmetic surgical procedures. Patients answered the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ) before surgery. We studied age, gender, type and number of procedures performed, DCQ score, presence of complications, and history of previous fillers. At the 3-month follow-up visit, patients were given an outcome report survey to graduate their surgical results on a scale from 1 to 5. Results were evaluated using a model of binary logistic regression in which the outcome variable was divided into 2 groups.

Results:

Three hundred eighty-six patients (85%) were female and the median age was 54.8 years old. The median for the number of procedures was 2 (range, 1–5). Two hundred two of the 454 patients (44.5%) had a history of fillers. Twenty-five patients had complications. DCQ score was significantly lower in the satisfied group (median score, 3) versus the unsatisfied group (median, 6), p = 0.007. In the multiple binary logistical model, the variables age, male gender, DCQ, presence of complications, and upper eyelid blepharoplasty resulted as significant.

Conclusions:

We found a significant positive association with upper lid blepharoplasty and a negative association with increasing age, male gender, occurrence of complications, and DCQ score, as predictors of patient satisfaction. We routinely administer the DCQ to all cosmetic patients: It is a brief, sensitive, and specific screening instrument for body dysmorphic disorder.
The sociocultural context of adolescent pain: portrayals of pain in popular adolescent media
Authors: Cormier Allison , Mueri Kendra , Pavlova Maria , Hood Anna , Li Queenie , Thurston Idia , Jordan Abbie , Noel Melanie
Published: March 2024

Research has consistently suggested that media consumption plays a vital role in children's socialization, including the socialization of painful experiences. Past research examining young children's popular media revealed worrisome trends in media depictions of pain; it consisted of narrow depictions of pain, gender stereotypes, and an overwhelming lack of empathy from observers, which could contribute to pain-related stigma. Research has not yet examined how pain is portrayed in adolescent media, despite adolescence being the developmental period when chronic pain often emerges. The current study extracted a cross-section of popular adolescent media selected based on popularity, including 10 movies and the first seasons of 6 TV shows. Pain instances were coded using 2 established observational coding schemes assessing sufferer pain characteristics and observer responses. Across 616 instances of pain, there was a preponderance of violence and injuries, whereas everyday, chronic-type, and medical/procedural pains were seldom represented. Individuals from marginalized (ie, gender diverse, girls) and minoritized groups (individuals with racialized identities) were underrepresented in pain instances. Furthermore, regardless of observed gender or “race,” observers displayed a lack of empathy for sufferers and rarely engaged in prosocial behaviors. Popular media may serve as an agent of socialization in adolescence; thus, pain depictions may be a powerful force in propagating pain-related stigma and inequities. An opportunity exists to harness popular media to adaptively and accurately portray pain to adolescents.
Characterizing the opioidergic mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation–induced analgesia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Ying , Sun Junfeng , Wu Chaomin , Ren Jinxuan , He Yanni , Sun Na , Huang Hao , Chen QunShan , Liu Dan , Huang Yangyuxin , Xu Feng , Yu Lina , Fitzgibbon Bernadette M. , Cash Robin F. H. , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Yan Min , Che Xianwei
Published: March 2024

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising technology to reduce chronic pain. Investigating the mechanisms of rTMS analgesia holds the potential to improve treatment efficacy. Using a double-blind and placebo-controlled design at both stimulation and pharmacologic ends, this study investigated the opioidergic mechanisms of rTMS analgesia by abolishing and recovering analgesia in 2 separate stages across brain regions and TMS doses. A group of 45 healthy participants were equally randomized to the primary motor cortex (M1), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the Sham group. In each session, participants received an intravenous infusion of naloxone or saline before the first rTMS session. Participants then received a second dose of rTMS session after the drugs were metabolized at 90 minutes. M1-rTMS–induced analgesia was abolished by naloxone compared with saline and was recovered by the second rTMS run when naloxone was metabolized. In the DLPFC, double but not the first TMS session induced significant pain reduction in the saline condition, resulting in less pain compared with the naloxone condition. In addition, TMS over the M1 or DLPFC selectively increased plasma concentrations of β-endorphin or encephalin, respectively. Overall, we present causal evidence that opioidergic mechanisms are involved in both M1-induced and DLPFC-rTMS–induced analgesia; however, these are shaped by rTMS dosage and the release of different endogenous opioids.
Long-term survival outcomes of robotic total gastrectomy for locally advanced proximal gastric cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Zhong Qing , Tang Yi-Hui , Liu Zhi-Yu , Zhang Zhi-Quan , He Qi-Chen , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Wang Jia-Bin , Lin Jian-Xian , Lu Jun , Chen Qi-Yue , Zheng Chao-Hui , Huang Chang-Ming
Published: March 2024

Background:

Robotic gastrectomy is a safe and feasible approach for gastric cancer (GC); however, its long-term oncological efficacy remains unclear. The authors evaluated the long-term survival outcomes and recurrence patterns of patients with locally advanced proximal GC who underwent robotic total gastrectomy (RTG).

Methods:

This prospective study (FUGES-014 study) enrolled 48 patients with locally advanced proximal GC who underwent RTG between March 2018 and February 2020 at a tertiary referral teaching hospital. Patients who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) in the FUGES-002 study were enrolled in a 2:1 ratio to compare the survival outcomes between RTG and LTG. The primary endpoint of the FUGES-014 study was postoperative 30-day morbidity and has been previously reported. Here, the authors reported the results of 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), 3-year overall survival (OS), and recurrence patterns.

Results:

After propensity score matching, 48 patients in the RTG and 96 patients in the LTG groups were included. The 3-year DFS rates were 77.1% (95% CI: 66.1–89.9%) for the RTG and 68.8% (95% CI: 60.1–78.7%) for the LTG groups (P=0.261). The 3-year OS rates were not significantly different between the groups (85.4 vs. 74.0%, P=0.122). Recurrence occurred in nine patients (18.8%) in the RTG and 27 (28.1%) patients in the LTG groups (P=0.234). Recurrence patterns and causes of death were similar between the groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions:

The oncological outcome of RTG was noninferior to that of LTG. Thus, RTG might be an alternative surgical treatment for locally advanced proximal GC.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury in living donor liver transplantation recipients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kwon Hye-Mee , Kang Sa-jin , Han Sang-Bin , Kim Jae Hwan , Kim Sung-Hoon , Jun In-Gu , Song Jun-Gol , Hwang Gyu-Sam
Published: March 2024

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) that has great impact on recipient and graft outcomes. Dexmedetomidine is reported to decrease the incidence of AKI. In the current study, the authors investigated whether intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion would reduce the AKI following LDLT.

Material and methods:

In total, 205 adult patients undergoing elective LDLT were randomly assigned to the dexmedetomidine group (n=103) or the control group (n=102). Dexmedetomidine group received continuous dexmedetomidine infusion at a rate of 0.4 mcg/kg/h after the anesthesia induction until 2 h after graft reperfusion. The primary outcome was to compare the incidence of AKI. Secondary outcomes included serial lactate levels during surgery, chronic kidney disease, major adverse cardiovascular events, early allograft dysfunction, graft failure, overall mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit, and hospital length of stay. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters were also collected.

Results:

Of 205 recipients, 42.4% (n=87) developed AKI. The incidence of AKI was lower in the dexmedetomidine group (35.0%, n=36/103) compared with the control (50.0%, n=51/102) (P=0.042). There were significantly lower lactate levels in the dexmedetomidine group after reperfusion [4.39 (3.99–4.8) vs 5.02 (4.62–5.42), P=0.031] until the end of surgery [4.23 (3.73–4.74) vs 5.35 (4.84–5.85), P=0.002]. There were no significant differences in the other secondary outcomes besides lactate. Also, intraoperative mean blood pressure, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance did not show any difference.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that intraoperative dexmedetomidine administration was associated with significantly decreased AKI incidence and lower intraoperative serum lactate levels in LDLT recipients, without untoward hemodynamic effects.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of prostate cancer incidentally discovered at the time of radical cystoprostatectomy: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Wu Kan , Liu Xu , Tang Yaxiong , Wang Xianding , Li Xiang
Published: March 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with concomitant bladder cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) using a large population-based database.

Methods:

Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000–2019), the authors identified patient with concomitant PCa at the time of radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP). Logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were employed to identify risk factors and mitigate confounders, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to estimate cancer-specific survival (CSS).

Results:

A total of 14 199 BCa patients undergoing RCP were identified, with 28.8% incidentally discovered to have concurrent PCa. Among them, 89.9% exhibited organ-confined (T1-2) PCa. An increased risk of concomitant tumors was observed among older age, white race, and high tumor grade of BCa. Survival analysis revealed no significant difference in CSS between patients with BCa alone and those with concurrent PCa (5-year CSS rate: 71.3 vs. 67.2%, P=0.076). Subgroup analysis and multivariable analysis, however, indicated that concurrent high-risk PCa adversely impacted survival (5-year CSS rate: 71.3 vs. 63.4%, HR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.58, P=0.038) compared to solitary BCa. Notably, the presence of low/intermediate-risk PCa did not affect survival outcomes (P=0.584).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, incidentally discovered PCa in RCP specimens is frequent and characterized by organ-confined presentation, lower PSA levels, and Gleason scores. Patients with concurrent high-risk PCa have a worse prognosis compared to those with solitary BCa, while the presence of low/intermediate-risk PCa does not influence oncological prognosis.
Prognostic factors for resected cases with gallbladder carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lv Tian-Run , Wang Jun-Ke , Li Fu-Yu , Hu Hai-Jie
Published: March 2024

Objective:

Current meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the potential prognostic factors for overall survival among resected cases with gallbladder carcinoma.

Methods:

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically retrieved and hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval were directly extracted from the original study or roughly estimated via Tierney’s method. Standard Parmar modifications were used to determine pooled HRs.

Results:

A total of 36 studies with 11 502 cases were identified. Pooled results of univariate analyses indicated that advanced age (HR=1.02, P=0.00020), concurrent gallstone disease (HR=1.22, P=0.00200), elevated preoperative CA199 level (HR=1.93, P<0.00001), advanced T stage (HR=3.09, P<0.00001), lymph node metastasis (HR=2.78, P<0.00001), peri-neural invasion (HR=2.20, P<0.00001), lymph-vascular invasion (HR=2.37, P<0.00001), vascular invasion (HR=2.28, P<0.00001), poorly differentiated tumor (HR=3.22, P<0.00001), hepatic side tumor (HR=1.85, P<0.00001), proximal tumor (neck/cystic duct) (HR=1.78, P<0.00001), combined bile duct resection (HR=1.45, P<0.00001), and positive surgical margin (HR=2.90, P<0.00001) were well-established prognostic factors. Pathological subtypes (P=0.53000) and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.70000) were not prognostic factors. Pooled results of multivariate analyses indicated that age, gallstone disease, preoperative CA199, T stage, lymph node metastasis, peri-neural invasion, lymph-vascular invasion, tumor differentiation status, tumor location (peritoneal side vs hepatic side), surgical margin, combined bile duct resection, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion:

Various prognostic factors have been identified beyond the 8th AJCC staging system. By incorporating these factors into a prognostic model, a more individualized prognostication and treatment regime would be developed. Upcoming multinational studies are required for the further refine and validation.
Impella as Bridge to Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device in Acute Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock Patients
Authors: Ajello Silvia , Pieri Marina , Dormio Sara , Baldetti Luca , Altizio Savino , Consolo Filippo , Nardelli Pasquale , Ortalda Alessandro , Scandroglio Anna Mara
Published: March 2024

Implantation of durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in cardiogenic shock (CS) patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) poses specific challenges (small left ventricular size, acute infarct area, need for antithrombotic therapy, status Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) 1 with impaired organ function and derangements in coagulation and inflammatory parameters) which may affect outcomes. We reviewed data of all AMI-CS patients who were implanted LVAD after Impella support at a referral center with the aim to analyze feasibility, timing, and outcomes of durable LVAD implantation after tMCS with Impella due to AMI-CS. Twenty-one patients were treated between 2013 and 2023: all were in Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) class D–E and INTERMACS 1–2 at presentation, median LV ejection fraction (EF) and LV end-diastolic diameter (EDD) were 15 (10–20)% and 57 (54–60) mm, respectively. Eleven patients (52%) were supported with Impella CP, seven with Impella 5.0 (33%), and three (14%) with Impella 2.5. Axillary cannulation was performed in nine patients (43%). Five patients (24%) had concomitant venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support. Median duration of Impella support was 12 (8–14) days. Overall, the use of Impella was characterized by low rate of complications and allowed successful bridge to durable LVAD in all patients, with 100% 30 day survival rate.
Development of the PSU Child Pump
Authors: Scheib Christopher , Newswanger Raymond , Cysyk Joshua , Bohnenberger Karl , Lukic Branka , Xu Lichong , Yeager Eric , Bletcher Kirby , Leibich Patrick , Jackson Quandashia , Flory Heidi , Tillinger Mindy , Weiss William , Rosenberg Gerson , Jhun Choon-Sik
Published: March 2024

The Pennsylvania State University (PSU) Child Pump, a centrifugal continuous-flow ventricular assist device (cf-VAD), is being developed as a suitable long-term implantable device for pediatric heart failure patients between 10 and 35 kg, body surface area (BSA) of 0.5–1.2 m2, 1–11 years of age, and requiring a mean cardiac output of 1.0–3.5 L/min. In-vitro hydraulic and hemodynamic performances were evaluated on a custom mock circulatory loop with ovine blood. Normalized index of hemolysis (NIH) was evaluated under four conditions: 1) 8,300 rpm, 3.5 L/min, ΔP = 60 mm Hg, 2) 8,150 rpm, 5.1 L/min, ΔP = 20 mm Hg, 3) 8,400 rpm, 3.2 L/min, ΔP = 70 mm Hg, and 4) 9,850 rpm, 5.0 L/min, ΔP = 80 mm Hg, resulting in normalized index of hemolysis = 0.027 ± 0.013, 0.015 ± 0.006, 0.016 ± 0.008, and 0.026 ± 0.011 mg/dl, respectively. A mock fit study was conducted using a three-dimensional printed model of a 19 kg patient’s thoracic cavity to compare the size of the PSU Child Pump to the HeartMate3 and the HVAD. Results indicate the PSU Child Pump will be a safer, appropriately sized device capable of providing the given patient cohort proper support while minimizing the risks of blood trauma as they wait for a transplant.
Fear of Recurrence Among Lung Cancer Survivors
Authors: Chen Qiuhong , Weng Yunqin , Wang Fangfang , Yang Xiaoyan , Chen Wei-Ti , Huang Feifei
Published: March 2024

Background

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) significantly impacts the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer survivors. However, the mechanisms and factors contributing to FCR and its related consequences in lung cancer remain poorly understood.

Objective

To evaluate the validity of the Lee-Jones Theoretical Model of FCR in lung cancer survivors.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 257 lung cancer survivors who had undergone surgical treatment 1 year prior. The participants completed a comprehensive set of questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test the proposed model.

Results

The analysis confirmed direct relationships between family resilience, coping behaviors, illness perceptions, FCR triggers, and FCR. Fear of cancer recurrence was also found to have a direct negative impact on quality of life (QOL). Furthermore, levels of family resilience, coping behaviors, illness perceptions, and FCR triggers indirectly influenced QOL through their association with FCR.

Conclusions

This study provides partial support for the validity of the Lee-Jones Theoretical Model of FCR in lung cancer survivors. The findings contribute to a better understanding of FCR in this population and lay the groundwork for targeted interventions. Effective strategies to reduce FCR in lung cancer survivors should focus on enhancing family resilience, improving disease cognition, minimizing FCR triggers, and guiding patients toward adopting positive coping styles, ultimately improving their QOL.

Implications for Practice

Fear of cancer recurrence plays a vital role in relationships between internal and external cues and QOL. We can construct interventions to enhance the QOL of survivors based on the FCR influencing factors.
Neurotic Disorders in Children and Adults Under Social Stress Neurosis in Kids and Adults
Authors: Boltivets Sergii , Gonchar Tymur , Gonchar Oleksiy , Uralova Lyudmila , Chelyadyn Yuliya
Published: March 2024

The relevance of the research subject is to explore the neurotic disorders that arise in people affected by the Russian-Ukrainian war and who witness violence and war crimes. The purpose of the research is to reflect the specific features of the mental reaction of children and adults to military actions as an example of global social stress. Bibliographic, bibliosemantic, and statistical research methods were used in the research. Since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, the number of patients with prolonged depression and schizophrenia has increased, and neurotic disorders has become more severe and acute. Particular attention should be devoted to assistance to military personnel who have been in the combat zone for a long time and former military prisoners of war. Attention should be devoted to the psyche, emotionality, and behavior of people with labile and unformed nervous systems—children, adolescents, pregnant women, and people of retirement age.