bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Including Health Equity Considerations in Development of Instruments for Rheumatology Research: An Introduction to a Novel OMERACT Paradigm
Authors: O’Neill Jennifer , Rader Tamara , Guillemin Francis , Boonen Annelies , Christensen Robin , Lyddiatt Anne , Pardo Jordi Pardo , Welch Vivian , Singh Jasvinder A. , Tugwell Peter
Published: October 2013

The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Equity Special Interest Group (SIG) was established in 2008 to create a preliminary core set of outcome measures for clinical trials that can assess equity gaps in healthcare and the effectiveness of interventions to close or narrow gaps between advantaged and disadvantaged populations with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. At the OMERACT 11 meeting in 2012, the Equity SIG workshop focused on health assessment scales and their applicability for disadvantaged patients with MSK conditions. The intent was to determine whether the items and domains in 2 common questionnaires, the Health Assessment Questionnaire and the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 Survey, are appropriate for the activities and life experiences of certain disadvantaged populations, and whether completion of any of the scales would present a challenge to disadvantaged persons. To generate discussion, we considered the reading level of items in these questionnaires and whether they would be accessible to people with different levels of literacy. The group concluded that the choice of measurement instrument may contribute to “outcome measure–generated inequalities” because disadvantaged groups might have difficulty understanding some of the questions. The future work of the Equity SIG will explore the appropriateness of different measurement scales as they relate to inequities in arthritis as well as the risk of exacerbating disadvantages for patients with low literacy.
Le corps inachevé
Authors: Roghe Gilles
Published: October 2013

L’auteur propose d’envisager certains phénomènes de dépersonnalisation à partir d’une critique du concept d’identité substantielle. Cette approche permet de penser un destin a-pathologique de la dépersonnalisation en la détachant de l’horizon du moi, pour la lire comme un processus constitutif d’une métapsychologie du corps. Le détour par la pratique de l’attention aux sensations dans un contexte bouddhiste nous offre une clinique indépendante de la pensée de la substance. Enfin, l’auteur présente quelques pistes pour penser la pratique analytique à partir d’une dépersonnalisation opérative dégagée des interprétations pathologiques.
Quand psyché peine à s'installer dans le corps
Authors: Bonaminio Vincenzo , Avakian Daniela
Published: October 2013

À travers la présentation de deux vignettes cliniques, l’une tirée d’une consultation diagnostique d’une petite fille de sept ans, et l’autre du traitement psychanalytique d’un jeune homme de dix-neuf ans, et en se référant conceptuellement à la pensée de Winnicott, l’auteur discute cliniquement l’apparition et la persistance de sensations de dépersonnalisation à l’âge évolutif. De telles sensations de dépersonnalisation sont chargées d’angoisse et du malaise d’habiter dans son propre corps, et sont considérées comme une distorsion de ce processus maturatif précoce que Winnicott (1945) décrit comme « personnalisation ». Celle-ci comprend des processus d’intégration et d’acquisition de l’espace-temps qui ne peuvent pas être envisagés comme allant de soi, et qui dénoncent l’échec plus ou moins étendu des fonctions facilitatrices de l’environnement, dans le cas spécifique de la dépersonnalisation, le handling maternel.
L'identité et le « double transitionnel »
Authors: Jung Johann , Roussillon René
Published: October 2013

Les auteurs cherchent à décrire les processus par lesquels un sujet parvient à construire son identité, à s’éprouver et se penser lui-même, d’abord en présence de l’objet, puis dans la relation de soi à soi qui en est l’héritière. Pour penser cette problématique, ils s’appuient sur trois notions clés, à savoir l’identité, la réflexivité et le double avant de déboucher sur la mise en perspective du concept de « double transitionnel ». Ainsi, le double est envisagé comme la figure par laquelle l’identité se transitionnalise, à partir de la rencontre de l’objet investi comme double, simultanément même et différent de soi. L’exploration clinique des troubles identitaires permet de reconstruire les étapes de la « trajectoire identitaire et subjective en double » qui conduit à l’organisation interne d’un « double transitionnel », soit d’un miroir psychique interne vivant, lieu du rapport à soi.
Dépersonnalisation, transformation, développement psychique
Authors: Flores Teresa
Published: October 2013

Par la présentation de trois vignettes clinique, l’auteur aborde la dépersonnalisation sous l’angle de micro-crises vécues au cours de l’analyse, expression d’un processus de transformation et d’un « changement catastrophique » qui annonce un développement psychique et une nouvelle organisation.
De l'analogie entre fétichisme et addiction
Authors: Robert Geoffrey
Published: October 2013

Nous tenterons de montrer dans ce texte comment un « montage addictif » peut être semblable à un montage pervers dans ce qu’il signifie du rapport à l’autre, le pharmakon tenant alors lieu de fétiche. Nous verrons ensuite en quoi l’incorporation du fétiche dans l’addiction la singularise avant d’envisager l’addiction comme une « folie artificielle » où l’incorporation d’une substance autorise le déploiement de mécanismes de défense psychotiques face aux réalités externes et internes.
L'aventure de la pensée
Authors: Vatan Florence
Published: October 2013

As a former student of philosophy, Robert Musil kept measuring himself against philosophy and its specific challenges. If he uncompromisingly criticizes the esprit de système , conceptual abstraction, and nebulous speculations, his essayistic and novelistic project remains nevertheless driven by philosophical ambitions. With its experimental dimension, Musil's alternative philosophy promotes intellectual vigilance, clarity, and attentiveness to the ordinary world. It also encourages the ability to think for oneself at one's own pace. This intellectual adventure remains open to conjectures and to forays into indeterminacy.
La ligne Kant
Authors: Chapelle Marie-Louise
Published: October 2013

Kant cite Bacon : «  de nobis ipsis silemus ... etc. », sur nous-mêmes, à propos de nous, de nous-mêmes, nous faisons silence, nous ne disons rien – je lis quelque part que Beckett emprunte cette citation. Je tiens que « poète » pour moi est une fiction. « Il ne nous suffit pas d'exposer simplement ce qui est vrai, mais [...] il faut encore exposer ce qu'on désire savoir. » La poésie ne répond pas à cette question.
Basic Research on Elemental and Size Analytical System for Nano-Sized Suspended Particulate Matter Using Contactless Optical Measurement Techniques
Authors: Ikezawa S. , Ueda T.
Published: October 2013

A contactless sensing system for nano-sized carbonaceous particulate matter using laser-induced incandescence (LII) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is presented. The LIBS technique allows detecting elemental composition and density of the SPMs, and LII technique allows to measure particulate size. LII technique is temporal resolved method that enables measurement of soot particulate sizes in a combustion process. In the case of the measured material consisting of a carbonaceous element, it is easy to determine the particulate diameter distribution derived from the time-profile of emission attenuation signals during cooling process, because the cooling behaviour is characteristic of the particulate diameter in LII technique. However, in actuality, the SPMs consist of several different types of elements. By using LIBS technique, the elemental analysis is able to conduct easily.
Use of Portable Devices to Teach English Language
Authors: Thabit Khalid , Dehlawi Fouad
Published: October 2013

Portable MP3/MP4 players, e.g. iPod, are mostly used for entertainment purposes and very popular among the youth. The authors explore the possibility of using such devices as an aiding tool in the educational environment, and hypothesis that these devices would help improve learning, e.g. fluency in English. The authors report on a number of preliminary studies which suggest that the use of such devices helped students in English learning.
Strategies for Effective Use of Technology in Face-to-Face and Hybrid University Level Courses to Improve Student Learning
Authors: Mohamed Balkeese V. Kunhi
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this paper is to (1) briefly discuss the definitions of face-to-face learning, hybrid learning, and related terms concerning the continuum of technology-based learning methods as proposed by Bates (2001) and Bates and Poole (2003); (2) introduce effective uses of technology in face-to-face and hybrid university level courses; and (3) discuss justifications based in research literature for the use of technology to enhance student learning. Technological recommendations include use of multimedia technologies; interactive white boards; and course management systems. This review of literature discusses both theoretical and research based articles and includes empirical studies showing the relationship between effective use of technology and student. The main focus of this paper is to introduce strategies for effective use of technology in both face-to-face and hybrid-style university level courses. This paper is intended for higher-education instructors in both face-to-face and hybrid-style instructional contexts.
Speech Interaction Analysis on Collaborative Work at an Elderly Care Facility
Authors: Chino Tetsuro , Torii Kentaro , Uchihira Naoshi , Hirabayashi Yuji
Published: October 2013

Nursing and care are central aspects of healthcare services, and improvements in the quality and efficiency of healthcare processes are important issues. Since these tasks involve both physical actions and information processing, they can be described as what the authors call “action-oriented intellectual services.” There are striking mismatches between such services and current information and communication technology systems, which are generally designed as tools for deskwork. In addition, almost all nursing and care services are realized by the collaborative work of multiple staff members in distributed locations in the field, a situation with which conventional communication media are of limited utility. A smart voice tweet system for nursing and care is proposed to overcome these problems. To realize this technology, one needs to understand how staff communicates to realize collaborative work in healthcare domains. The authors therefore observed bathing assistance, night shift operations, and handover tasks at a private elderly care home for 8 days. The authors collected approximately 400 h of recorded speech, 42,000 transcribed utterances, data from an indoor location-tracking system, and handwritten notes by human observers. The authors also analyzed speech interactions in the bathing assistance task. The authors found that (1) staff members were almost always speaking during tasks, (2) remote communication was rare, (3) about 75% of utterances were spoken to the residents, (4) the intended recipient of utterances was frequently switched, and (5) about 17% of utterances contained personal names. The authors also attempted clustering utterances into what the authors call “passages”, and about 33% of passages contained only one personal name. These results should be applicable in semi-automatic long-term care record taking.
Work Analysis Methods in Practice
Authors: Campos Pedro , Noronha Hildegardo , Lopes Arminda
Published: October 2013

Human work interaction design is an emerging discipline that aims to encourage empirical studies and conceptualizations of the interaction among humans, their variegated social contexts and the technology they use both within and across these contexts. In this paper the authors present a virtual reality system for visualization, navigation and reviewing of 3D CAD models within the oil industry domain. This system combines a large-screen interaction environment with remote mobile devices, thus allowing engineers in the field and teams in a control center to work in collaboration. To navigate through models the system uses the mobile device’s camera and inertial sensors and takes advantage of recent natural interaction techniques on large-screen environments. The authors describe and elaborate around the usage of different work analysis methods in this complex, real world work domain. The analysis is based on (i) input from experts in the oil platform engineering field, (ii) previous and related work and (iii) application of different methods considering the recent advances in technology. The authors conclude that hierarchical task analysis was not effective in obtaining a clear, common vision about the work domain. Storyboarding was the most useful technique as it promoted the discovery of novelty factors that differentiate the solution, while simultaneously supporting the human work at offshore engineering design and review sessions.
A Gestural Recognition Interface for Intelligent Wheelchair Users
Authors: Proença Ricardo , Guerra Arminda , Campos Pedro
Published: October 2013

The authors present a new system that exploits novel human-machine interfaces based on the recognition of static gestures of human hands. The aim is to aid the occupant of a wheelchair to have access to certain objects in order to facilitate his or her daily life. The authors’ approach is based on simple computational processes and low-cost hardware. Its development involves a comprehensive approach to computer vision problems based on video image capture, image segmentation, feature extraction, pattern recognition and classification. The importance of this work will be reflected in the way that differently-able users, with the use of new models of interaction, and in a natural and intuitive way, will have their life significantly facilitated.
Evaluations about the physico-chemical stability of docetaxel and irinotecan pre-diluted and diluted solutions: pharmaco-economic perspectives
Authors: Laforgia Mariarita , Quatrale Anna Elisa , Colabufo Nicola A. , Azzariti Amalia , Paradiso Angelo , Nardulli Patrizia
Published: October 2013

Several clinically used anticancer drugs are well-known as far as their pharmacologic properties are concerned, but scarcely ever the interest towards their physico-chemical characteristics in solution led to practical acknowledgement in their management. Thanks to the Units for Centralized Anticancer Drug Handling, the importance to evaluate the concentration of saturation (physical stability) or the possible transformations undergone by a drug in solution (chemical stability) has become the starting point for avoiding useless wasting drugs and economic resources. By HPLC experiments we have demonstrated that the solutions of two drugs, docetaxel and irinotecan, are particularly stable at different concentrations and times of analyses in our experimental conditions. The best mobile phase for docetaxel was water/methanol/acetonitrile in 42/32/26 volumetric ratio: for halving concentrations (0.72-0.36-0.18-0.09 mg/mL) in NaCl 0.9%, the highest value gave a six-day and the three lower concentrations a fourteen-day stability, when storage occurred at room temperature and light protected. Elution of irinotecan was possible through an analysis in mobile phase gradient: at t0 a 20% ammonium acetate 10 mM and 80% methanol mixture, and after 5 min, a 80% ammonium acetate 10 mM and 20% methanol mixture. The physico-chemical stability was showed for five days, for any concentration of analysis when storage occurred at 2-8°C and light protected.
Ordovician oil shale-source rock sediments in the central and eastern Canada mainland and eastern Arctic areas, and their significance for frontier exploration
Authors: Macauley G , Fowler M G , Goodarzi F , Snowdon L
R , Stasiuk L D
Published: October 2013

Organic geochemistry (including Rock-Eva! pyrolysis, total organic carbon analyses, and chromatography of the saturate extract fractions) and optical microscopy data (including maceral identification, reflectance and fluorescence determinations) are examined and
the stratigraphie relationships of eight organic-rich deposits are reviewed. Regional distribution of the organic­rich zones, kerogen typing, thermal maturation conclusions and petroleum product characterizations are analyzed for their significance to adjacent frontier exploration areas. Type I
kerogens, dominated by Gloeocapsomorpha, are described from Upper Ordovician Yoeman beds of the Williston Basin and from the Lower Ordovician Green Point Group in western Newfoundland. Ali other units contain Type II amorphous kerogen. Deposits in the Collingwood Member in southern Ontario and the
Table Head and Humber Arm groups in western Newfoundland produce similar bitumen extracts, whereas, although geochemically and petrographically similar to the above, organic-rich beds on Southampton, Baffin and Akpatok islands in the Arctic produce bitumens that are characteristic of a hypersaline
depositional environment. Although ail the above units represent excellent potential source rocks where buried to depths sufficient to generate hydrocarbons in the frontier areas, geographic distribution, limited by non-deposition or by their absence in areas of later sea-floor spreading, may be a
negative factor.
A preliminary interpretation of glacial history derived from glacial striations, central Newfoundland
Authors: Klassen R A
Published: October 2013

In central Newfoundland, striations and indicator erratics define four distinct glacial flow events. During the oldest, ice flow was regionally southward to southeastward from the Topsails Plateau, initially defining radial flow across NTS map areas 12A/10 and
16, and later more southward. The dispersal centre was located either on the Topsails Plateau or north of it. Subsequent to that event, ice flow was regionally northeastward, curving around the eastern Topsails Plateau and, within map areas 12H/1 and parts of 12A/16, it later shifted more northward
towards the heads of coastal inlets. North of Buchans townsite, the last ice flow was northward and southward from an apparent ice divide, although ice-marginal landforms indicate that the last ice margin retreated southward from Hinds Lake, and eastward and northward towards the Topsails Plateau.
Within Red Indian Lake, P-forms indicate subglacial erosion by meltwater flowing towards the southwest and northeast.
A note on the occurrence of beryl in the Port Mouton pluton, southwestern Nova Scotia
Authors: Currie K L , Whalen J B
Published: October 2013

The peraluminous, late tectonic Port Mouton pluton consists of subordinate biotite-dominant rocks ranging from tonalite to granodiorite, muscovite-dominant granodiorite and a suite of granitic pegmatite sheets and dykes related to associated major phases. Beryl
occurs in tourmaline-bearing pegmatite dykes which cut other pegmatites. The biotite-dominant phase is similar to parts of the more primitive, pegmatite-absent Barrington Passage pluton. The Shelburne pluton consists mainly of biotite-dominant phases like Barrington Passage but contains a pegmatite
suite. The three plutons and an associated metamorphic culmination define a post-early-Acadian thermal and structural event. Field data suggest that the Shelburne and Port Mouton plutons contain components lacking in the Barrington Passage pluton. Future work will attempt to characterize these
components chemically and isotopically.
Geology of the eastern St. Mary's Basin, central mainland Nova Scotia
Authors: Murphy J B , Stokes T R , Meagher C , Mosher S -J
Published: October 2013

The eastern St. Mary's Basin, Nova Scotia, contains a Late Paleozoic intra-continental basin-fill that occupies the boundary between the Meguma and Avalon Composite terranes. These sedimentary rocks are traditionally assigned to the Horton Group. In general, the
sequence faces southeast, coarsens upward, and thickens toward the basin's southeastern margin. Clasts were predominantly derived from the Meguma Terrane, and a sedimentological linkage with the Avalon Composite Terrane cannot be demonstrated. The sequence unconformably overlies units of the Meguma
Terrane and is probably underlain by Meguma basement. A strong tectonic influence on sedimentation is apparent along the southern flank of the basin with deposition of coarse conglomerates accompanying basin subsidence along northerly dipping listric normal faults. In contrast, the present northern
margin (Chedabucto Fault) does not constitute the original basement margin, implying that an unknown portion of the basin and its Meguma basement lying north of this fault may have been tectonically removed.
A gamma-ray spectrometric study of the footwall felsic volcanic and sedimentary rocks around Brunswick No. 6 massive sulphide deposit, northern New Brunswick
Authors: Lentz D R
Published: October 2013

Hydrothermal alteration in the footwall to the Brunswick deposits is manifested by feldspar- destructive alteration coincident with modal increases in chlorite at the expense of sericite. This phenomenon results in K depletion halos in the footwall to these
deposits. In situ gamma-ray spectrometric measurements of the footwall rock outcrops around the Brunswick No. 6 deposit show that the exposed upper sequence of altered volcaniclastic rocks (quartz-augen schist + footwall sedimentary rocks) have lower K contents (average 2.0 ± 0.3 wt.%) than
the lower sequence of less-altered pyroclastic rocks (3.5 ± 0.3 wt.%). eU is variable throughout but less abundant in altered rocks. eTh is variable in the upper volcaniclastic package due to sedimentary reworking or mass changes occurring during alteration. K/eTh ratios enhance the
alteration trends by focusing on the relative change. Inexpensive rapid in situ gamma-ray spectrometric analyses are useful in alteration and possibly chemostratigraphic analysis in the Bathurst Camp.
Determination of permeability-compaction relationship from interpretation of permeability-stress data for shales from eastern and northern Canada
Authors: Katsube T J , Coyner K
Published: October 2013

Shale permeabilities as a function of stress (k-Pe) are being measured to obtain information on permeability change as subsiding muds transform into tight shales, resulting from increasing depth of burial. This is to provide information of high accuracy required
for hydrocarbon charge models used in petroleum resource evaluation of Canadian east coast frontier basins. Results suggest that the k-Pe relationship consists of a three exponential curve system, the first (smallest Pe values) representing restoration of widened pores resulting from stress release
of rock samples brought to surface. The third (largest Pe values) represents reduction of pore sizes resulting from increasing effective stress (Pe). The second curve is proposed to represent compacting deposits in widened pores, resulting from overpressure development subsequent to compaction at
higher stresses, implying that the third curve contains the information required for hydrocarbon charging models.
Observations of post-Wapiabi Formation to pre-Bearpaw Formation stratigraphy, Maycroftmap sheet: implications for structural mapping in the southern Alberta Foothills
Authors: Stockmal G S
Published: October 2013

The Campanian post-Wapiabi Formation to pre-Bearpaw Formation interval within the southern Alberta Foothills along and adjacent to the Oldman River (Maycroft east-half map sheet, 82G/16) has been examined with the goal of improving resolution of structures
mappable at 1:50000 scale. Observations on four measured sections and on hillside exposures typical of local Foothills terrane indicate that this interval can be consistently mapped as two units. The first unit (approximate total thickness 175m) encompasses strata equivalent to the Milk River and
Pakowki formations known from the Plains to the east. The second unit (approximate total thickness 450m) is the Belly River Group (undivided). Structure elucidated using this two-fold subdivision significantly improves our understanding of the Foothills belt in the Maycroft map
sheet.
The bedrock surface beneath the Fraser River delta in British Columbia based on seismic measurements
Authors: Britton J R , Harris J B , Hunter J A , Luternauer J L
Published: October 2013

Common depth point seismic data, collected as part of a hydrocarbon exploration program in the Fraser River delta has been interpreted to map the depth to bedrock, which coincides with the Pleistocene-Tertiary unconformity. A structure map of the surface shows
northwest-trending highs and lows, ranging in depth from 200 to 1000 m. The development of a bedrock map forms a key component of the geological and geophysical framework relevant to geotechnical investigations focussing on the ground response to earthquake shaking.
Proboscidean tusk of Middle Wisconsinan age from sub-till gravel, near Turtle Mountain, southwestern Manitoba
Authors: Fulton R J
Published: October 2013

An AMS radiocarbon age of 33860 ± 330 BP was obtained for a partial tusk from a gravel pit on the northern flanks of Turtle Mountain, southwestern Manitoba. The tusk was not collected in place but was removed from a pile of spoils. Gravel in the pit is
capped by till which is overlain by glacial lake silt and sand. The gravel was interpreted as an ice advance glacial deposit because it grades into overlying till and bedding is locally faulted and disrupted. It was hoped the age of the tusk would correspond closely to the beginning of overriding of
the area by the last ice sheet (Late Wisconsinan). Because the age obtained is about 10000 years older than was expected, it appears the tusk may have been incorporated from older deposits, or may come from an unrecognized, Middle Wisconsinan-aged gravel which underlies the gravel exposed
immediately below the till.
Thermal parameters in rock units of the Winter Lake-Lac de Gras area, central Slave Province, Northwest Territories - implications for diamond genesis
Authors: Thompson P H , Judge A S , Lewis T J
Published: October 2013

Radiogenic heat production varies with rock type from 0.1-0.8 þW/m3 in amphibolite and tonalitic gneiss to 8.0-15.8 þW/m3 in late granites. Metasedimentary rocks and other granitoid units fall between these extremes. Thermal conductivity ranges from 2.3 to 4.9
W/múK. Conductivity parallel to planar foliation or layering is up to 1.6 times higher than that perpendicular to these features.
A simple conductive thermal model and the assumption that the lithosphere/asthenosphere boundary is a thermal feature (1300°C) suggests that decreasing heat production in the crust can account for the transition from barren lithosphere less than 100 km thick at the end of the Archean to a
diamond-bearing lithosphere 200-225 km thick today. Lateral variations in this parameter may cause the thickness of diamond-bearing lithosphere beneath the Slave Province to change.
Consistency between the model results, surface geology, and the results of other modelling approaches suggests that crustal thermal parameters and their evolution with time should be part of any comprehensive hypothesis for formation and evolution of lithosphere beneath Archean
cratons.
Controls on and geological setting of regional hydrothermal alteration within the Onaping Formation, footwall to the Errington and Vermilion base metal deposits, Sudbury Structure, Ontario
Authors: Ames D E , Gibson H L
Published: October 2013

Comprehensive field evidence clearly indicates that the Early Proterozoic Onaping Formation is a hydrothermally altered sequence of pyroclastic fall and debris flow, hydroclastic breccia and pyroclastic flow deposits. A stacked, basin-wide, semi-conformable
succession of altered tuff is well exposed in outcrop. From exposed base to top it comprises silicified, feldspathized, chloritized and carbonatized zones. Preliminary observations suggest that the basal, syndepositional silicification zone predates emplacement of the granophyre intrusion. Although
the modes of brecciation and emplacement are similar to volcaniclastic deposits, the Onaping Formation is not a typical cauldron sequence, however it is not a suevite or meteorite fallback breccia. The exceptional preservation of one of the most extensive semi-conformable alteration systems known,
permits detailed study of hydrothermal processes involved in generating the overlying replacive massive sulphide deposits hosted in carbonate sinter mounds.
Distribution and character of gold in surface till in the Flin Flon greenstone belt, Saskatchewan
Authors: Henderson P J , Roy M
Published: October 2013

Gold distribution in till overlying the Flin Flon greenstone belt results from a combination of glacial transport and post-glacial weathering effects. On a regional scale, elevated gold values in the <0.063mm fraction of till are found in areas of
known gold mineralization. Ninety-three per cent of visible gold grains are in this size range and exhibit predominantly modified and pristine morphologies. In a detailed study conducted down-ice from a known gold occurrence, gold concentrations in weathered till (<0.063mm fraction) are
anomalous for the region. The size and morphology of gold grains in these samples are similar to the regional study. Pristine grains exhibit features observed in gold associated with pyrite and quartz in the mineralized bedrock. The presence of these grains in till suggests release from sulphides by
post-glacial weathering processes. This observation questions the validity of using gold grain morphology in weathered till as an indicator of glacial transport distance.
The geological significance of the alkalicgabbro in the immediate hanging wall to the Brunswick No. 12 massive sulphide deposit, Bathurst, New Brunswick
Authors: Lentz D R , Goodfellow W D , Moore C E
Published: October 2013

A small gabbro lopolith straddles the footwall-hanging wall contact at the north-end of the Brunswick No. 12 massive sulphide deposit. It is plagioclase-phyric in the core and fine grained along the margins. It is chemically unzoned and compositionally similar to
the margins of the discordant porphyry dyke that cuts the mine sequence and the Brunswick alkalic basalts. Like the dyke, the gabbro probably represents a high-level subvolcanic intrusion to those basalts. The gabbro is relatively unaltered except by seawater spilitic processes, i.e. Mg and Na
enrichment localized along its margin. The high Fe content is a primary feature of this alkalic gabbro suggesting that the very high Fe content of the basal Brunswick alkalic basalts is also a primary feature related to rift magmatism along the margin of the back-arc basin, rather than being related
to late-stage hydrothermal alteration above the deposit.
Bedrock geology of north-central and west-central Nass River map area, British Columbia
Authors: evenchick C A , Mustard P S
Published: October 2013

Jurassic (and earliest Cretaceous(?)) Bowser Lake Group rocks underlie more than 90% of north-central and west-central Nass River map area. Tertiary, Quaternary(?), and Recent igneous rocks comprise 10% of bedrock.

Bowser Lake Group is composed entirely of turbidites. They are commonly lithic to arkosic arenites; minor variations include thick mud-rich intervals, sandstone with detrital muscovite, and turbidites derived from a volcanic source. The structure is dominated by chevron-style parallel folds which
accommodated significant horizontal shortening. In the northeast, folds are upright, trend northwest, and have gentle plunge. In the southwest, folds are gently inclined (varying to overturned), trend northeast, and verge southeast. Interference between the two orientations is apparent in the
southwest.

Hyder pluton is composed of massive biotite hornblende granite and quartz monzonite with peraluminous and K-feldspar megacrystic phases. Extrusive rocks are erosional remnants of upper Tertiary or Quaternary and Recent basaltic flows.
Vanderhoof Metamorphic Complex and surrounding rocks, central British Columbia
Authors: Wetherup S , Struik L C
Published: October 2013

Vanderhoof Metamorphic Complex is defined here as a suite of paragneiss and orthogneiss units underlying the area south and southeast of Vanderhoof, British Columbia (93F/9, 16 and 93G/5, 6, 12, 13). These rocks are in fault contact with structurally overlying
ultramafic rocks and basalt of the Cache Creek Group. The fault contact is a low angle detachment that has down to the southeast motion in the central part of the exposed complex. The paragneiss of the complex has fine grained clastic rock, limestone, marl and possibly basalt protoliths. Orthogneiss
of the complex is mostly biotite granite and granodiorite, which forms sills, dykes, and plutonic masses. Metamorphic grade is indeterminate from field evidence. These rocks are intruded and overlain by felsic to intermediate volcanic and intrusive rocks, probably of Tertiary
age.
Scope and preliminary results of radiolarian biostratigraphic studies, Fort Fraser and Prince George map areas, central British Columbia
Authors: Cordey F , Struik L C
Published: October 2013

As part of the new Nechako NATMAP project, radiolarian biostratigraphic investigations started in the Fort Fraser (93K) and Prince George (93G) map areas in central British Columbia. Their scope is to provide control on the age and structures of the Cache Creek
Group and related units. Eighty samples of radiolarian chert, siliceous mudstone, and chert clasts have been collected. Preliminary chemical processing confirms radiolarians from ribbon chert strata near Fort St. James, and undated siliceous mudstone of the Sowchea sequence. Six chert pebbles from a
Cretaceous conglomerate near Pinchi Lake released well preserved associations ranging in age from Middle Triassic (late Anisian-Ladinian) to Late Triassic (late Carnian, early-middle Norian, late Norian/Rhaetian). Similar associations are known within the Cache Creek Group in southern British
Columbia and Yukon Territory.
Diachronous low-temperature Paleogene cooling of the Alberni Inlet area, southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia: evidence from apatite fission track analyses
Authors: Currie L D , Grist A M
Published: October 2013

Apatite fission track ages and track length distributions are used to constrain the timing of low-temperature cooling across western- and central-southern Vancouver Island. Relatively slow cooling (roughly 1þC/Ma) of the western Alberni Inlet area between 70 and
20 Ma is attributed to a decrease in heat flow following igneous activity associated with the Flores volcanics and the Clayoquot intrusive suite, and possibly continued post-Jurassic erosion. More rapid cooling (roughly 5þC/Ma) of central-southern Vancouver Island from 45 to 35 Ma is coeval with the
development of the Cowichan Fold and Thrust Belt, and underplating by the Crescent terrane and oceanic crust along east-dipping faults below western Vancouver Island. The change in the locus of greatest cooling, and perhaps denudation and uplift, from the west coast of southern Vancouver Island to
central-southern Vancouver Island is correlated with the change in Pacific/North American relative plate motions at ~41 Ma.
The GSC Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP): analytical techniques of zircon U-Th-Pb age determinations and performance evaluation
Authors: Stern R A
Published: October 2013

Analytical methods of zircon U-Pb-Th age determinations using the newly acquired Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) have been established and are reported in detail. In a SHRIMP analysis, an attempt is made to sample the smallest possible amount of
zircon that can give useful age information, usually a spot selectively variable from about 5 to 30 µm diameter and <1 µm deep. Only 1-10 ng of zircon is sampled, three orders of magnitude smaller than a typical isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS)
analysis. Causes and mitigation of the variable relative yields of Pb, U, and Th due to the sputtering process are discussed. Megacrystic zircon from the Kipawa syenite complex has been adopted as the current Pb/U and Pb/Th standard; the Pb/U age of the standard has been independently determined by
ID-TIMS analysis at 993.4 ± 0.7 Ma. SHRIMP data reduction and error propogation procedures are summarized.

The overall performance of the SHRIMP was evaluated by analyzing zircons of varying ages (0.5 to 2.7 Ga) using the new zircon standard to calibrate the Pb/U and Pb/Th ratios. Both 207Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/238U ages agree within error with the ID-TIMS ages. The 208Pb/232Th are systematically younger and
indicate unknown analytical problems. Under routine conditions, 2s age uncertainties for single spots in average zircons decrease from typically ±4% at 0.5-1.5 Ga, to ±2% at 1.9 Ga, and ±0.5% at 2.7 Ga. The 2s errors on pooled analyses of relatively simple zircon samples
decrease from ±1.5% at 0.5-1.5 Ga, ±0.5% at 1.9 Ga, and ±0.2% at 2.7 Ga. For zircons <1.5 Ga, precise age determinations rely mainly on pooling of 206Pb/238U ratios or regression on a Tera-Wasserberg diagram, whereas for zircons >1.5 Ga, ages are
derived mainly from the pooled 207Pb/206Pb ratios of concordant zircons. As a rule of thumb, it is generally possible to derive a SHRIMP zircon age that has an error of about five times that of a precise ID-TIMS analysis.
A vanishing theorem for twisted Alexander polynomials with applications to symplectic 4-manifolds
Authors: Friedl Stefan , Vidussi Stefano
Published: October 2013

In this paper we show that given any 3-manifold

N

and any non-fibered class in

H^1(N;\mathbb Z)

there exists a representation such that the corresponding twisted Alexander polynomial is zero. We obtain this result by extending earlier work of ours and by combining this with recent results of Agol and Wise on separability of

3

-manifold groups. This result allows us to completely classify symplectic

4

-manifolds with a free circle action, and to determine their symplectic cones.
The entropy conjecture for diffeomorphisms away from tangencies
Authors: Liao Gang , Viana Marcelo , Yang Jiagang
Published: October 2013

We prove that every

C^1

diffeomorphism away from homoclinic tangencies is entropy expansive, with locally uniform expansivity constant. Consequently, such diffeomorphisms satisfy Shub's entropy conjecture: the entropy is bounded from below by the spectral radius in homology. Moreover, they admit principal symbolic extensions, and the topological entropy and metrical entropy vary continuously with the map. In contrast, generic diffeomorphisms with persistent tangencies are not entropy expansive.
Enumeration of real conics and maximal configurations
Authors: Brugallé Erwan , Puignau Nicolas
Published: October 2013

We use floor decompositions of tropical curves to prove that any enumerative problem concerning conics passing through projective-linear subspaces in

\mathbb R P^n

is maximal. That is, there exist generic configurations of real linear spaces such that all complex conics passing through these constraints are actually real.
Filling boundaries of coarse manifolds in semisimple and solvable arithmetic groups
Authors: Bestvina Mladen , Eskin Alex , Wortman Kevin
Published: October 2013

We provide partial results towards a conjectural generalization of a theorem of Lubotzky-Mozes-Raghunathan for arithmetic groups (over number fields or function fields) that implies, in low dimensions, both polynomial isoperimetric inequalities and finiteness properties. As a tool in our proof, we establish polynomial isoperimetric inequalities and finiteness properties for certain solvable groups that appear as subgroups of parabolic groups in semisimple groups, thus generalizing a theorem of Bux. We also develop a precise version of reduction theory for arithmetic groups whose proof is, for the most part, independent of whether the underlying global field is a number field or a function field.
Are similar worms different? A comparative tracer study on bioturbation in the three sibling species Marenzelleria arctia, M. viridis, and M. neglecta from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Renz Judith R. , Forster Stefan
Published: October 2013

The invasive spionid polychaetes of the genus Marenzelleria spp., consisting of the three sibling species M. neglecta, M. viridis, and M. arctia, has been found in the Baltic Sea since the 1980s. Because of difficulties in species identification, little is known about species‐dependent sediment reworking and solute transport. The closely related species are apparently similar in feeding and sediment‐dwelling behavior, but size and burrowing depth indicate differences in bioturbation and the biogeochemical consequences thereof. To investigate these potential differences, a tracer experiment with artificial particles (luminophores) and solute tracer (bromide) was conducted. Polychaetes were identified to species level using a molecular genetic key. Modeled results show that all three species display markedly low particle reworking rates with biodiffusion coefficients (Db) of 1.76 cm2 yr−1 (M. viridis) and 0.07 cm2 yr−1 (M. neglecta) at an abundance of 1273 individuals m−2 and 0.44 cm2 yr−1 (M. arctia) at twice that abundance. Nonlocal transport coefficients are negligible in all cases. Solute transport by M. neglecta and M. viridis are more similar to one another than to M. arctia, whose solute transport mode is much more diffusive in character (10.9‐fold enhanced diffusivity with nonlocal irrigation coefficients [α] of 55.3 yr−1) than that of the two other species, which affect tracer distributions in the sediment predominantly through a nonlocal, advective transport mode (α of 108.9 yr−1 M. viridis and 130.9 yr−1 M. neglecta). Thus, a functional grouping of the sibling species in terms of bioirrigation is not recommended.
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis from Maternal Blood: Finally Available after 20 Years of Research
Authors: Holzgreve Wolfgang
Published: October 2013

Since all prenatal invasive procedures, such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling carry a small risk for the pregnant woman and a risk to induce the loss of a pregnancy of up to 1%, there have been efforts now for at least a quarter of a century to develop a noninvasive method from the blood of pregnant women. First there was a considerable effort to isolate fetal cells from maternal circulation, and these techniques were carefully evaluated in a NIH-sponsored study of a few US American centers and ours in Basel/Switzerland. It turned out; however, that interphase fluorescence to identify fetal aneuploidies from these isolated cells was not reliable enough for clinical use. The breakthrough came with the recognition of the group by D Lo et al; who showed for the first time that cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum can be used reliably for prenatal diagnosis. One of the first successful applications was the detection of the fetal Rhesus factor around 11 weeks of gestation in pregnancies of Rhesus-negative mothers. The Sequenom Company in San Diego, USA, which acquired the patent of D Lo et al on the use of cell free DNA and ours on size separation of fetal vs maternal DNA subsequently showed in large series that the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal trisomy 21 from maternal blood by massive parallel sequencing has an accuracy around 99%, and currently up to 100,000 cases have been investigated already in different laboratories. Also the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of trisomies 18 and 13 is possible, and an increasing amount of single gene anomalies will be diagnosable in the future noninvasively. The whole development of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis is appositive example that long-term research pays-off to bring a concept from the first steps finally into clinical use.

How to cite this article

Holzgreve W. Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis from Maternal Blood: Finally Available after 20 Years of Research. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):440-442.
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing for Fetal Aneuploidy
Authors: Echevarria Mónica , Comas Carmen , Serra Bernat , Rodríguez MaAngeles
Published: October 2013

After decades of research with a wide range of putative methodologies, at last a commercially viable technique has emerged for the noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for the most common fetal aneuploidies, the massively parallel shotgun sequencing (MPSS). Recently, a number of groups have validated this technology to accurately detect most common trisomies as early as the 10th week of pregnancy with results available 1 to 2 weeks after maternal sampling. Several molecular techniques have been proposed for the detection of trisomies 21, 18 and 13, mainly by two different approaches in analyzing the cell-free fetal (cff) DNA: quantitative and singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based methods. Among them and to address some of the limitations of counting techniques, a new method called NATUS algorithm (Next-generation Aneuploidy Testing Using SNPs) has been recently introduced. This approach, as a targeted and noncounting technique, offers numerous advantages, although more evidence is needed from large prospective studies. Published studies have demonstrated that diagnostic parameters of NIPT are better than those of the current first trimester prenatal screening risk assessment for fetal trisomy 21. NIPT of trisomy 21 by MPS with or without preselection of chromosomes is promising and likely to replace the prenatal serum screening test that is currently combined with nuchal translucency measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, before NIPT can be introduced as a screening test, more evidence is needed from large prospective diagnostic accuracy studies in first trimester pregnancies.

How to cite this article

Gabriel CC, Echevarria M, Rodríguez M, Serra B. Noninvasive Prenatal Testing for Fetal Aneuploidy. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):443-452.
The Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Complications Associated with Maternal Diabetes
Authors: Appleton Kallie , Barnard Jami , Jantz Adam K , Pooh Ritsuko , Comas-Gabriel Carmina
Published: October 2013

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance that begins or is first recognized during pregnancy. Numerous clinical factors are associated with an increased likelihood of GDM, such as increasing age, obesity, ethnicity, family history of diabetes and past obstetric history. There is a well-documented relationship between maternal hyperglycemia and increased rate of macrosomia, cesarean section, stillbirth, fetal congenital malformations, shoulder dystocia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, childhood obesity, and increased risk of maternal development of type 2 DM later on in her life. This case-based review is designed to provide health care workers a framework on using various ultrasound imaging modalities in early detection of the effects of gestational diabetes, and the specific conditions and/or anomalies seen in diabetic pregnancies.

How to cite this article

Appleton K, Barnard J, Jantz AK, Pooh R, Comas-Gabriel C, Kupesic-Plavsic S. The Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Complications Associated with Maternal Diabetes. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):506-515.