bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cationic phosphorus dendron nanomicelles deliver microRNA mimics and microRNA inhibitors for enhanced anti-inflammatory therapy of acute lung injury
Authors: Li Jin , Chen Liang , Sun Huxiao , Zhan Mengsi , Laurent Regis , Mignani Serge , Majoral Jean-Pierre , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang
Published: December 2022

Cationic phosphorus dendron micelles can be developed to co-deliver microRNA mimics and microRNA inhibitors for acute lung injury gene therapy.
Three multi-responsive luminescent Zn-CPs for the detection of antibiotics/cations/anions in aqueous media
Authors: Fan Chuanbin , Huang Guimei , Xing Zhiyong , Wang Junli , Pang Yaqin , Huang Qingping , Huang Shifu , Zong Ziao , Guo Feng
Published: December 2022

The designed synthesized route ofYMUN6–8.
FEREBUS: a high-performance modern Gaussian process regression engine
Authors: Burn Matthew J. , Popelier Paul L. A.
Published: December 2022

FEREBUS is a highly optimised Gaussian process regression (GPR) engine, which provides both model and optimiser flexibility to produce tailored models designed for domain specific applications.
High-pressure synthesis and crystal structures of molybdenum nitride Mo3N5 with anisotropic compressibility by a nitrogen dimer
Authors: Sasaki Takuya , Yamamoto Takuro , Asano Shuto , Niwa Ken , Hasegawa Masashi
Published: December 2022

Molybdenum nitride Mo3N5 with higher coordinates of molybdenum sites and an N–N dimer was synthesized under a high pressure of above 45 GPa.
Novel protein nanofibril–carbon hybrid adsorbent efficiently removes As(iii), As(v) and other toxic elements from synthetic and natural waters in batch and rapid small-scale column tests
Authors: Rahimi Akram , Bolisetty Sreenath , Hug Stephan J.
Published: December 2022

Novel adsorbents produced from β-lactoglobulin, a low-cost milk protein, have shown a high affinity to inorganic As(iii) and As(v).
Investigating machine learning models to predict microbial activity during ozonation–biofiltration
Authors: Farzanehsa Mahshid S. Z. , Carvajal Guido , Mieog John , Khan Stuart J.
Published: December 2022

Continuous online monitoring of water treatment process performance is an essential step in ensuring reliable water quality outcomes.
Simultaneous quantitative detection of hematocrit and hemoglobin from whole blood using a multiplexed paper sensor with a smartphone interface
Authors: Anjali  , Das Soumen , Chakraborty Suman
Published: December 2022

Scalable multiplex analyte detection on a paper strip with smartphone interfaced spectrometry. A portable analytical unit with embedded electronics for on-chip haemoglobin and haematocrit level determination over the entire physiological regime.
Theoretical design of two-dimensional AMInP2X3Y3 (AM = Li, Na, K; X/Y = S, Se, Te) monolayers for highly efficient excitonic solar cells
Authors: Liu Linlin , Xie Yu , Tse John S. , Ma Yanming
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional alkali metal indium phosphorus trichalcogenides AMInP2X3Y3 monolayers are regarded as promising candidates for use in photovoltaic solar cells.
Relating reorganization energies, exciton diffusion length and non-radiative recombination to the room temperature UV-vis absorption spectra of NF-SMA
Authors: Kashani Somayeh , Wang Zhen , Risko Chad , Ade Harald
Published: December 2022

Multiparameter Franck–Condon analyses of absorption spectra of Y6 in dilute solutions reveals that Y6 exhibits a high conformation uniformity and the smallest intra-molecular reorganization energy among the materials studied.
How machine learning can accelerate electrocatalysis discovery and optimization
Authors: Steinmann Stephan N. , Wang Qing , Seh Zhi Wei
Published: December 2022

Machine learning can accelerate the process of electrocatalyst discovery and optimization, especially when incorporated into a closed-loop approach with autonomous laboratories. This review highlights the recent progress and challenges in this field.
A strategy to enhance VOC of π-conjugated molecules based on thieno[2,3-b] indole for applications in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells using DFT, TD-DFT, and 3D-QSPR modeling studies
Authors: El Mouhi Rahma , Daoui Ossama , Fitri Asmae , Benjelloun Adil Touimi , El Khattabi Souad , Benzakour Mohammed , Mcharfi Mohammed , Kurban Mustafa
Published: December 2022

The electronic structure and optical properties of eight novel molecules based on 8-alkyl-8H-thieno[2,3-b] indole was determined using density functional theory DFT, TD-DFT and 3D-QSPR.
Incorporation of superamphiphobic and slippery patterned materials for water collection inspired by beetle, cactus, and Nepenthes
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Li Pan , Li Zhao , Peng Shan
Published: December 2022

A novel patterned aluminum surface integrated superamphiphobic and slippery surface was designed for highly efficient water collection.
(1,6)Pyrenophanes containing crown ether moieties as fluorescence sensors for metal and ammonium ions. Formation of sandwich, dumbbell, and pseudorotaxane complexes
Authors: Maeda Hajime , Saito Genki , Furuyama Taniyuki , Segi Masahito
Published: December 2022

(1,6)Pyrenophanes 1 and 2 in which 1,6-positions of pyrene are bridged with respective tri- and tetra-ethylene glycol chains were synthesized.
Development of functional cotton fabric by simultaneous dyeing and finishing with a novel bioactive reactive dye
Authors: Nosheen Anum , Ashraf Munir , Hussain Muhammad Tahir , Aziz Humera , Tahir Muhammad Farrukh , Akram Saba
Published: December 2022

Bioactive textiles garnered considerable attention during the COVID-19 pandemic owing to their antimicrobial properties.
Ru(ii)-catalysed oxidative (4 + 2) annulation of chromene and coumarin carboxylic acids with alkynes/propargylic alcohols: isolation of Ru(0) complexes
Authors: Shankar Mallepalli , Kumara Swamy K. C.
Published: December 2022

Ru(ii)-catalysed oxidative (4 + 2) annulation of chromene and coumarin carboxylic acids with alkynes affords pyrano-chromones via vinylic C–H bond activation; use of methyl-tethered propargylic alcohols instead of alkynes gives Ru(0) complexes.
Asymmetric total synthesis of norzoanthamine and formal synthesis of zoanthenol
Authors: Chen Yanyu , Xin Zhengyuan , Wang Hui , He Haibing , Gao Shuanhu
Published: December 2022

Zoanthamine alkaloids are structurally unique and complex natural products from marine zoanthids that exhibit a broad range of biological activities and have potential in drug discovery.
Fully wood based novel translucent and thermoplastic materials by solvent-free esterification
Authors: Satria Sejati Prabu , Obounou Akong Firmin , Torloting Camile , Fradet Frédéric , Gérardin Philippe
Published: December 2022

New translucent and thermoplastic materials were prepared using spruce sawdust esterified by myristic acid with trifluoroacetic anhydride as the impelling agent at room temperature without any solvent.
Molecular dynamics simulation of adsorption and separation of xylene isomers by Cu-HKUST-1
Authors: Ji Guo-Jian , Xiang Ting , Zhou Xiao-Qing , Chen Le , Zhang Zhi-Hui , Lu Bei-Bei , Zhou Xing-Jian
Published: December 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in the adsorption separation of various gases.
Pyro-phototronic effect enhanced broadband photodetection based on CdS nanorod arrays by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Li Lu , Zheng Dingshan , Xiong Yan , Yu Cheng , Yin Hong , Yu Xiangxiang
Published: December 2022

In this work, self-powered photodetectors (PDs) based on RF magnetron sputtering-fabricated CdS nanorod arrays and polished Si substrates were prepared for the first time.
Current trends in the synthesis, characterization and application of metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Udourioh Godwin A. , Solomon Moses M. , Matthews-Amune Christiana O. , Epelle Emmanuel I. , Okolie Jude A. , Agbazue Vitus E. , Onyenze Ugochukwu
Published: December 2022

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of porous inorganic–organic high profile hybrid compounds that have attracted much attention in recent times due to their stunning properties.
Predicting the state parameters of lithium ion batteries: the race between filter-based and data driven approaches
Authors: Pandey Siddhi Vinayak , Parikh Nishi , Prochowicz Daniel , Akin Seckin , Satapathi Soumitra , Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Kalam Abul , Yadav Pankaj
Published: December 2022

Various techniques are used to estimate the SOC, SOH & RUL of LIBs. Labels AI, ML and DL are artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning, respectively.
Boosting photocatalytic H2O2 production in pure water over a plasmonic photocatalyst with polyethylenimine modification
Authors: Li Xiangming , Zhu Junjia , Sun Bo , Yuan Qi , Li Haitao , Ma Zequn , Xu Tiwen , Chen Xingyuan , Fu Meng
Published: December 2022

A novel TiO2/PEI/AgNP plasmonic photocatalyst fabricated via electrostatic assembly and in situ polyethylenimine reduction for boosted H2O2 production is reported.
A-site FA+engineering boosting photoluminescence efficiency and stability of cesium copper iodine (Cs3Cu2I5) perovskites
Authors: Fan Wenxuan , Xu Leimeng , Yang Zhi , Liu Yingliang , Song Jizhong
Published: December 2022

Here, we firstly propose an A-site engineering strategy to improve the luminescence performance of Cs3Cu2I5. Through the incorporation of FA+, the lattice defects in Cs3Cu2I5can be reduced and the PLQY of the optimized sample is increased to 95%.
Understanding kinetically controlled spin transitions in bistable spin crossover materials
Authors: Vela Sergi , Fumanal Maria , Sousa Carmen
Published: December 2022

Kinetic rate constants are evaluated computationally for the spin-forbidden thermal relaxations of SCO complexes, unveiling their mechanism, and retrieving accurate TLIESST predictions.
LSNR:GO template for BSA interaction, photo and sonocatalytic reductions of fluorescent dyes in aqueous solutions
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Sahoo Bhargab , Meghwal Tara Chand , Singh Man
Published: December 2022

Reaction of 3s1 electron of Na with crystalline 6H2O of LnCl3·6H2O forming Ln(OH)3 and H2 for LSNRs and LGT photocatalyst for photocatalyzing fluorescent dyes in sunlight with different quantum yields with SCR.
Placental extracellular vesicles in maternal-fetal communication during pregnancy
Authors: Martin Charlène , Bergamelli Mathilde , Malnou Cécile E. , D'Angelo Gisela
Published: December 2022

For several years, a growing number of studies have highlighted the pivotal role of placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) throughout pregnancy. These membrane nanovesicles, heterogeneous in nature, composition and origin, are secreted by several trophoblastic cell types and are found in both the maternal and fetal compartments. They can be uptaken by recipient cells and drive a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the different described roles of placental EVs in various aspects of normal pregnancy, from placenta establishment to maternal immune tolerance towards the fetus and protection against viral infections. In the second part, we present selected examples of pathological pregnancies in which placental EVs are involved, such as gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, and congenital infections. Since the abundance and/or composition of placental EVs is deregulated in maternal serum during pathological pregnancies, this makes them interesting candidates as non-invasive biomarkers for gestational diseases and opens a wide field of translational perspectives.
Functional regulation of Wnt protein through post-translational modifications
Authors: Yu Jia , Virshup David M.
Published: December 2022

Wnts are lipid-modified signaling glycoproteins present in all metazoans that play key roles in development and homeostasis. Post-translational modifications of Wnts regulate their function. Wnts have a unique post-translational modification, O-linked palmitoleation, that is absolutely required for their function. This Wnt-specific modification occurs during Wnt biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), catalyzed by the O-acyltransferase Porcupine (PORCN). Palmitoleation is required for Wnt to bind to its transporter Wntless (WLS/Evi) as well as to its receptor Frizzled (FZD). Recent structural studies have illustrated how PORCN recognizes its substrates, and how drugs inhibit this. The abundance of WLS is tightly regulated by intracellular recycling and ubiquitylation-mediated degradation in the ER. The function of Wnt glycosylation is less well understood, and the sites and types of glycosylation are not largely conserved among different Wnts. In polarized tissues, the type of glycans can determine whether the route of trafficking is apical or basolateral. In addition, pairing of the 24 highly conserved cysteines in Wnts to form disulfide bonds is critical in maintaining proper structure and activities. Extracellularly, the amino terminus of a subset of Wnts can be cleaved by a dedicated glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored metalloprotease TIKI, resulting in the inactivation of these Wnt proteins. Additionally, NOTUM is a secreted extracellular carboxylesterase that removes the palmitoleate moiety from Wnt, antagonizing its activity. In summary, Wnt signaling activity is controlled at multiple layers by post-translational modifications.
Amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease – front and centre after all?
Authors: Weglinski Caroline , Jeans Alexander
Published: December 2022

The amyloid hypothesis, which proposes that accumulation of the peptide amyloid-β at synapses is the key driver of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, has been the dominant idea in the field of Alzheimer’s research for nearly 30 years. Recently, however, serious doubts about its validity have emerged, largely motivated by disappointing results from anti-amyloid therapeutics in clinical trials. As a result, much of the AD research effort has shifted to understanding the roles of a variety of other entities implicated in pathogenesis, such as microglia, astrocytes, apolipoprotein E and several others. All undoubtedly play an important role, but the nature of this has in many cases remained unclear, partly due to their pleiotropic functions. Here, we propose that all of these AD-related entities share at least one overlapping function, which is the local regulation of amyloid-β levels, and that this may be critical to their role in AD pathogenesis. We also review what is currently known of the actions of amyloid-β at the synapse in health and disease, and consider in particular how it might interact with the key AD-associated protein tau in the disease setting. There is much compelling evidence in support of the amyloid hypothesis; rather than detract from this, the implication of many disparate AD-associated cell types, molecules and processes in the regulation of amyloid-β levels may lend further support.
Sampling error‐based model‐free predictive current control of open‐end winding induction motor with simplified vector selection
Authors: Mousavi Mahdi S. , Davari S. Alireza , Flores‐Bahamonde Freddy , Garcia Cristian , Rodriguez Jose
Published: December 2022

A sampling error‐based finite‐set predictive current control (FS‐PCC) is proposed in this article for the open‐end winding induction motor (OEWIM) drive. The proposed scheme controls the zero‐sequence current (ZSC) alongside the stator currents. In a model‐free approach, this method predicts the future of ZSC and stator current components by the stator current and voltage sampling errors. In this way, the parameters of the OEWIM are not utilised in the prediction algorithm of the FS‐PCC. So, the proposed method is robust against the variation of the parameter. Moreover, this article presents a simple vector selection technique for the FS‐PCC of the OEWIM. The proposed technique has two cost functions and a simple algebraic equation to put the voltage vectors (VVs) in the prediction algorithm. The first cost function uses VVs that do not have the zero‐sequence voltage component. Then, the algebraic equation determines VVs that must be utilised in the second cost function. Finally, the optimum VV is selected by the second cost function. In the proposed scheme, the prediction algorithm is iterated 14 times instead of 27 iterations of the conventional predictive algorithm. So, besides establishing a novel model‐free prediction algorithm, the proposed method has almost 50% fewer calculations. The validity of the proposed sampling error‐based FS‐PCC and the simplified vector selection technique has been verified through experimental tests.
Deep MR parametric imaging with the learned L+S model and attention mechanism
Authors: Qu Wenyi , Cheng Jing , Zhu Yanjie , Liang Dong
Published: December 2022

Magnetic resonance (MR) parametric imaging can help the assessment of some certain diseases with its various contrast mechanisms. However, the main issue of MR parametric imaging is the long acquisition time, introducing many problems such as uncomfortable experiences for patients and motion artefacts. With the deep learning methods developing, some unrolling ones have been introduced to MR imaging as solutions. The purpose of this study is to improve both the quality and the speed of parametric imaging. The proposed method, named as LSA‐Net, introduced a learned low rank plus sparsity model with attention mechanism to reconstruct highly under‐sampled data for MR parametric imaging. The L+S model was used to represent the shared image structure among the parameter‐weighted images as low‐rank part and the difference among images and the ideal model as sparse part. Besides, the attention block was introduced to effectively improved quality for the region of interest, which was most concerned in clinical applications. Then the parameter map was generated from the reconstructed parameter‐weighted images by its exponential model. The LSA‐Net was evaluated on the in‐vivo 3D mapping, showing better performance on both image quality and time consumed than the comparing methods including LLR, SCOPE, L+S, and L+S‐Net.
UAV based adaptive trajectory tracking control with input saturation and unknown time‐varying disturbances
Authors: Zhou Yimin , Tian Zengwu , Lin Huaxing
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes an adaptive control method for an underactuated complex nonlinear system, that is, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), to realize high‐precision trajectory tracking under input saturation constraint and other disturbances via artificial neural network and anti‐saturation auxiliary system. First, the rigid body motion theory is applied to establish a simplified nonlinear dynamic model of the UAV. Then a Lyapunov function is designed with the error surface to form the preliminary control law based on dynamic surface control. Afterwards, a radical basis function neural network is developed and used to estimate and compensate the disturbance, while the input saturation is also addressed via the designed anti‐saturation auxiliary system. Thus the stability and signal consistency of the closed‐loop UAV control system can be proved via the Lyapunov stability theory with appropriately tuned parameters. Simulation experiments are performed to verify that the proposed control algorithm can be used for UAV high‐precision trajectory tracking under time‐varying disturbances.
Hydrogenation shrinks the colossal permittivity of Sb/Co co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles-structural and optical investigations
Authors: Dakhel Aqeel A.
Published: December 2022

Pristine and (Sb/Co)-codoped TiO2 anatase powders were synthesized by hydrothermal method and some of the samples were hydrogenated. The samples were characterized by the traditional techniques: X-rays, optical diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), and ac-electrical measurements. It was observed that the (Sb/Co) codoping induces the growth of the anatase. The optical absorption investigation was clarified by the generation of an intermediate band in the bandgap of TiO2. The catalysis power of the Co2+ ions to the adsorbed H2-dissociation strongly supports the optical absorption strength. The Sb5+/Co2+ codoping could generate weak colossal permittivity, which was lowered by ∼50% with hydrogenation. Such important results was studied and explained.
Kinetics of precipitation for graphite particle in high nickel ductile iron
Authors: Wan Yong , Ling Xiao , Tang Chuansheng , Zhang Xuejian , Wen Yonghong , Ma Dong , Gao Shan , Chen Qiwei
Published: December 2022

In order to prevent premature failure of high nickel ductile iron used for engine exhaust manifold due to thermal fatigue, the precipitation morphology, nucleation and growth mechanism of graphite particles in high-nickel ductile iron were systematically studied by optical and SEM microscopy and the growth kinetic equation of graphite particles was derived. The results show that the precipitation density and average size of graphite particles within the austenite grain of high-nickel ductile iron are 44.1 particles/mm2and 2.2 µm, respectively, and the precipitation density and average size of graphite particles on the austenite grain boundaries are increased to 76.6 particles/mm2and 17 µm, respectively. The main nucleation mechanism of graphite particles in high nickel austenitic ductile iron is grain boundary nucleation. The maximum nucleation rate temperature of graphite particles nucleated on grain boundary is 650–850 °C, the fastest precipitation temperature is close to 680 °C, and the time from the beginning to the end of the growth of graphite particles nucleated by grain boundary is about 3400 s. The average size of graphite particles precipitated by grain boundary nucleation can grow to grade 7 (15–30 µm) under the high temperature of 715–805 °C for a long time (over 3400 s), which is beneficial to the thermal fatigue property of high nickel ductile iron. The local temperature at manifold should not be higher than 800 °C under long times.
Channel structure of E-platform encroachment
Authors: Wu Juan , Bi Gongbing , Xu Yang , Dang Xiujing
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on the supply chain consisting of a manufacturer, a third-party (3P) seller, and an e-platform, while the 3P seller sells products through the e-platform. If the e-platform not only provides a sales channel for the 3P seller, but also determines the retail price and then sells products directly, we call it e-platform encroachment, which creates price competition between the 3P seller and e-platform. We find that the encroachment benefits the manufacturer and e-platform but hurts the 3P seller. And both the manufacturer and 3P seller prefer the price discrimination strategy to the uniform pricing strategy, while the e-platform does not necessarily. The price discrimination strategy encourages the manufacturer to offer the 3P seller a preferential wholesale price as the compensation and to curb the competitive advantage of the e-platform. The two pricing strategies have the same total sales quantity but different allocations across channels. Moreover, we propose a new coordination mechanism to reduce the double marginalization effect and improve supply chain performance. In extensions, we demonstrate numerically how the e-platform should decide the commission rate and compare the e-platform encroachment model with the manufacturer encroachment model to reveal the impact of different encroachment roles on all parties in the supply chain.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging
Authors: Schottenhamml Julia , Hohberger Bettina , Mardin Christian Yahya
Published: December 2022

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and artificial intelligence (AI) are two emerging fields that complement each other. OCTA enables the noninvasive, in vivo, 3D
visualization of retinal blood flow with a micrometer resolution, which has been impossible with other imaging modalities. As it does not need dye-based injections, it is also a safer
procedure for patients. AI has excited great interest in many fields of daily life, by enabling automatic processing of huge amounts of data with a performance that greatly surpasses
previous algorithms. It has been used in many breakthrough studies in recent years, such as the finding that AlphaGo can beat humans in the strategic board game of Go. This paper will give a
short introduction into both fields and will then explore the manifold applications of AI in OCTA imaging that have been presented in the recent years. These range from signal generation
over signal enhancement to interpretation tasks like segmentation and classification. In all these areas, AI-based algorithms have achieved state-of-the-art performance that has the
potential to improve standard care in ophthalmology when integrated into the daily clinical routine.
Berichtetes und gemessenes Riech- und Schmeckvermögen in einer Long-COVID-Kohorte
Authors: Gudziol Hilmar , Bitter Thomas , Kirschstein Timo , Laute Kerstin , Schade Ulrike , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando
Published: December 2022

Einleitung Störungen des Riech- und Schmecksinns werden häufig zahlenmäßig übereinstimmend als Long-COVID-Symptom beklagt. Anhand von Befunden einer Spezialsprechstunde (HNO-LCS) soll geklärt werden, wie groß tatsächlich der Anteil pathologischer olfaktorischer bzw. gustatorischer Diagnosen in dieser Kohorte ist.

Methodik 48 erwachsene Patienten, die die HNO-LCS aus eigenem Leidensdruck aufsuchten, wurden nach ihrer Anamnese befragt, sie schätzten ihr Riech- (SER) und Schmeckvermögen (SES) mit Schulnoten ein und absolvierten als Riechtest den erweiterten Sniffin’Sticks-Test und als Schmecktest den 3-Tropfen-Test. Aus dem SDI-Riechscore und dem totalen Schmeckscore (SScore-total) wurden anhand von Normwerten Diagnosen erstellt. Zwischen den gemessenen Scores und der Selbsteinschätzung und zwischen SER und SES wurden Korrelationen berechnet.

Ergebnisse Tatsächliche pathologische chemosensorische Diagnosen bestanden bei 90% der Patienten. Pathologische olfaktorische Diagnosen waren doppelt so häufig wie gustatorische. Bei 10% der Kohorte war keine pathologische Diagnose verifizierbar. Bei 6 Patienten wurde ein Anosmie-Ageusie-Syndrom diagnostiziert. SER korrelierte stark mit SDI. SES korrelierte moderat mit SScore-total. SER korrelierte stark mit SES.

Schlussfolgerungen Bei der Interpretation berichteter chemosensorischer Symptome besteht die Gefahr einer Konfusion von Riechen und Schmecken durch die Betroffenen. Deshalb ist die Überprüfung der chemischen Sinne mit validierten Tests in Long-COVID-Ambulanzen wichtig.
Variations in the Neurosurgical Management of Depressed Skull Fractures in Adults: An International Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Suliman Amir , Jayakumar Nithish , Chaurasia Bipin , Holliman Damian
Published: December 2022

Background Depressed skull fractures have been well described since antiquity, yet its management remains controversial. Contentious issues include the use of prophylactic antibiotics and antiepileptics, the role of nonoperative management, and the replacement/removal of bone fragments. Our objective was to explore the management patterns of closed and open depressed skull fractures across the world.

Methods A 23-item, web-based survey was distributed electronically to the members of national neurosurgical associations, and on social media platforms. The survey was open for data collection from December 2020 to April 2021.

Results A total of 218 respondents completed the survey, representing 56 countries.With regard to open fractures, most respondents (85.8%) treated less than 50 cases annually. Most respondents (79.4%) offered prophylactic antibiotics to all patients with open fractures, with significant geographical variation (p < 0.001). Less than half of the respondents (48.2%) offered prophylactic antiepileptics. Almost all respondents (>90%) reported the following indications as important for surgical management: (1) grossly contaminated wound, (2) dural penetration, (3) depth of depression, and (4) underlying contusion/hematoma with mass effect. Most respondents treated less than 50 cases of closed depressed skull fractures annually. Most European respondents (81.7%) did not offer prophylactic antiepileptics in comparison to most Asian respondents (52.7%; p < 0.001). Depth of depression, an underlying hematoma/contusion with mass effect, and dural penetration were the most important surgical indications.

Conclusions There remains a great degree of uncertainty in the management strategies employed across the world in treating depressed fractures, and future work should involve multinational randomized trials.
Photochemical Synthesis of Pyrazolines from Tetrazoles in Flow
Authors: Baumann Marcus , Burke Adam , Spiccio Silvia , Di Filippo Mara
Published: December 2022

Pyrazolines and their pyrazole congeners are important heterocyclic building blocks with numerous applications in the fine chemical industries. However, traditional routes towards these entities are based on multistep syntheses generating substantial amounts of chemical waste. Here we report an alternative approach using UV-light to convert tetrazoles into pyrazolines via a reagent-free photo-click strategy. This route generates nitrile imine dipoles in situ that are trapped with different dipolarophiles rendering a selection of these heterocyclic targets in high chemical yields. A continuous flow method is ultimately realized that generates multigram quantities of product in a safe and readily scalable manner thus demonstrating the value of this photochemical approach for future exploitations in industry.
Outcome of Preoperative Asymptomatic or Minimally Symptomatic DRUJ Arthritis after Total Wrist Arthrodesis: A Single-Institution Case Series
Authors: Dittman Lauren E. , Shin Alexander Y. , Rhee Peter C.
Published: December 2022

Background Concomitant severe radiocarpal (RC) arthritis with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthritis can be debilitating for patients. Surgical management of these combined arthritides can pose a dilemma for surgeons and patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with concomitant RC and DRUJ arthritides who underwent only total wrist arthrodesis (TWA) to determine the need for subsequent surgical management of preoperative asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritis.

Materials and Methods All patients who underwent TWA between 2008 and 2018 at a single institution were evaluated. Those patients who underwent TWA for degenerative, inflammatory, or posttraumatic arthritis with concomitant asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritis preoperatively were included. A retrospective review was performed for demographic variables, TWA indications, pre- versus post-TWA DRUJ symptoms, and severity of DRUJ arthritis on radiographs. Primary outcome measure was survivorship from subsequent DRUJ surgery for development of symptomatic arthritis after initial TWA.

Results One hundred and eighty-three patients underwent TWA during the study period, of which 39 wrists met inclusion criteria. Indications for TWA included posttraumatic arthritis (n = 22), avascular necrosis of the lunate (n = 10), and inflammatory arthritis (n = 7). The mean clinical follow-up was 5.7 years (range: 1.5–12.7 years). Four patients (10%) who underwent TWA ultimately required a subsequent procedure to address DRUJ arthritis at a mean time of 20 months (range: 3–60 months) after initial TWA. The initial indication for TWA in these patients included symptomatic posttraumatic arthritis (n = 3) and lunate avascular necrosis (n = 1).

Conclusion In patients with symptomatic RC and asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritides undergoing TWA alone, 10% in this series required subsequent surgical management for progressive DRUJ arthritis.

Clinical Relevance Surgical management of concomitant symptomatic RC and asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritides with TWA alone is a reasonable initial approach. Patients should be counseled preoperatively that subsequent surgical management of progressive DRUJ arthritis may be necessary in ∼10% of patients.
Moderate deviations for the Langevin equations: Strong damping and fast Markovian switching
Authors: Qian Hongjiang , Yin George
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we obtain a moderate deviations principle (MDP) for a class of Langevin dynamic systems with a strong damping and fast Markovian switching. To facilitate our study, first, analysis of systems with bounded drifts is dealt with. To obtain the desired moderate deviations, the exponential tightness of the solution of the Langevin equation is proved. Then, the solution of its first-order approximation using local MDPs is examined. Finally, the MDPs are established. To enable the treatment of unbounded drifts, a reduction technique is presented near the end of the paper, which shows that Lipschitz continuous drifts can be dealt with.
Interplay of spin, phonon, and lattice degrees in a hole-doped double perovskite: Observation of spin–phonon coupling and magnetostriction effect
Authors: Pal Arkadeb , Anand Khyati , Patel Neha , Das Amitabh , Ghosh Surajit , Yen Peter Tsung-Wen , Huang Shin-Ming , Singh R. K. , Yang H. D. , Ghosh A. K. , Chatterjee Sandip
Published: December 2022

Unlike a typical spin–phonon coupling, an exhibition of unconventional spin–phonon coupling, which is mediated via magnetostriction effect, is reported in a hole-doped double perovskite Pr1.5Sr0.5CoMnO6. Various investigations including electronic and crystal structures, spin structure, transport property, lattice dynamics, and theoretical density of states analysis by density-functional theory (DFT) have been performed. A substantial increase in the mean oxidation states of Co ions and a concurrent abrupt decrease in the resistivity upon Sr doping is observed, thus altering its underlying transport mechanism. An insulating and ferromagnetic (FM) ground state is predicted by DFT calculations. The neutron diffraction data analysis reveals a complex crystal structure of Pr1.5Sr0.5CoMnO6, which consists of B-site disordered monoclinic (P21/n) and orthorhombic (Pnma) structures, highlighting the presence of an anti-site disorder in the system. The analysis also suggests an overall FM ordering of Co/Mn spins below 150 K for the monoclinic phase, whereas no such magnetic ordering is found for the orthorhombic phase. More interestingly, the neutron powder diffraction study perceives the presence of a strong magnetostriction effect in the system. Raman spectroscopy unravels the presence of a spin–phonon coupling, which is essentially mediated by the magnetostriction effect.
Excitation of ion acoustic collisionless shock by a moving obstacle
Authors: Chakraborty Debkumar , Biswas Akash , Ghosh Samiran
Published: December 2022

The ion acoustic wave modulation induced by a steadily moving obstacle (charged density object) is studied in collisionless, unmagnetized, and homogeneous plasmas. In the weakly nonlinear and high dispersive limit, the modulated disturbance induced excitation is shown to be described by a forced/driven nonlinear Schrödinger equation that is solved exactly for some special analytical forms of the driven term. A more interesting and striking phenomenon predicted by the computation is the excitation of the ion acoustic shock at a supersonic relative speed of the obstacle. The results are in good agreement with the observations in low altitude auroral plasmas. The relevance and potential applications of the results in future plasma experiments are also discussed.
A comparison of a commercial hydrodynamics TCAD solver and Fermi kinetics transport convergence for GaN HEMTs
Authors: Tunga Ashwin , Li Kexin , White Ethan , Miller Nicholas C. , Grupen Matt , Albrecht John D. , Rakheja Shaloo
Published: December 2022

Various simulations of a GaN HEMT are used to study the behaviors of two different energy-transport models: the Fermi kinetics transport model and a hydrodynamics transport model as it is implemented in the device simulator Sentaurus from Synopsys. The electron transport and heat flow equations of the respective solvers are described in detail. The differences in the description of electron flux and the discretization methods are highlighted. Next, the transport models are applied to the same simulated device structure using identical meshes, boundary conditions, and material parameters. Static simulations show the numerical convergence of Fermi kinetics to be consistently quadratic or faster, whereas the hydrodynamic model is often sub-quadratic. Further comparisons of large-signal transient simulations reveal the hydrodynamic model produces certain anomalous electron ensemble behaviors within the transistor structure. The fundamentally different electron dynamics produced by the two models suggest an underlying cause for their different numerical convergence characteristics.
Self-adaptive passive temperature management for silicon chips based on near-field thermal radiation
Authors: Zhang Sen , Du Wei , Chen Wenjie , Dang Yongdi , Iqbal Naeem , Jin Yi , Ma Yungui
Published: December 2022

Temperature management in modern instruments is often a great task, particularly for silicon chip technologies against the background of the ever-increasing demanding for larger scale and higher density electronics integration. Enormous efforts have been made to solve this long-pending issue, mostly relying on active equipment that consume more energy and more space. Here, a compact thermal management technique for silicon chips is proposed, which is able to passively maintain the operation temperature of targets within a wide range of input power. The core part is a self-adaptive near-field thermal radiation system made of a phase-changeable metasurface and graphene/hBN heterostructure with surface plasmon/phonon modes. Numerically, we show that integrated with such a setup, a 0.1-mm thick silicon substrate could automatically maintain its operation temperature within a narrow window (∼333 ± 7 K) when loaded with heat power varied in 0.1–1 W cm−2. As a comparison, the temperature will change 614 or 319 K for a bare or blackbody-coated silicon substrate. The dynamic process of thermal homeostasis is discussed by using the transient thermal equation. The results imply that the current design is suitable for providing a compact, conformal thermal functional coat to passively manage temperatures of heated electronic components, particularly in vacuum.
Enhancing the power level harvested by rectenna systems based on focusing metasurfaces for ambient environments
Authors: Kalaagi Mohammed , Seetharamdoo Divitha
Published: December 2022

Electromagnetic (EM) RF (radio frequency) energy harvesting in dynamic ambient environments is a challenge for conventional energy harvesting systems such as rectennas. The main challenges are the low efficiency of the collector and low ambient power levels, which makes it hard to consider in industrial applications. Several research works have focused on the design of high-efficiency antennas to achieve an efficient and maximum possible level of RF EM energy harvesting. Their main objective is to improve the EM energy harvesting system by overcoming the low efficiency of the collector, which is the main part of the rectenna system. In this work, we propose and investigate a methodology in terms of EM energy harvesting based on the concentration and focusing of EM energy in a small zone where it can be easily collected and transferred indirectly to the rectenna system. It consists of a focusing device and a methodology to associate the latter with existing RF energy harvesting systems. We demonstrate a focusing metasurface design implemented alongside an off-the-shelf rectenna device at 900 MHz, where an enhanced energy harvested power level up to a linear gain of 8 is achieved compared to the case when only the rectenna is used. Numerical results as well as measurements results in an anechoic chamber are shown. Experimental power received levels are given both in the focusing plane and in time for the validation of the concept.
Exploiting plasmons in 2D metals for refractive index sensing: Simulation study
Authors: Kang Lei , Robinson Joshua A. , Werner Douglas H.
Published: December 2022

Ultrathin and two-dimensional (2D) metals can support strong plasmons, with concomitant tight field confinement and large field enhancement. Accordingly, 2D-metal nanostructures exhibiting plasmonic resonances are highly sensitive to the environment and intrinsically suitable for optical sensing. Here, based on a proof-of-concept numerical study, nano-engineered ultrathin 2D-metal films that support infrared plasmons are demonstrated to enable highly responsive refractive index (RI) sensing. For 3 nm-Au nanoribbons exhibiting plasmonic resonances at wavelengths around 1600 nm, a RI sensitivity of SRI > 650 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) is observed for a 100 nm-thick analyte layer. A parametric study of the 2D-Au system indicates the strong dependence of the RI sensitivity on the 2D-metal thickness. Furthermore, for an analyte layer as thin as 1 nm, a RI sensitivity up to 110 (90 nm/RIU) is observed in atomically thin 2D-In (2D-Ga) nanoribbons exhibiting highly localized plasmonic resonances at mid-infrared wavelengths. Our results not only reveal the extraordinary sensing characteristics of 2D-metal systems but also provide insight into the development of 2D-metal-based plasmonic devices for enhanced IR detection.
A novel apparatus for modeling the geological responses of reservoir and fluid–solid production behaviors during hydrate production
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Zhao Yingjie , Gong Guocai , Hu Wei , Zhang Zhun , Ning Fulong
Published: December 2022

Gas hydrate is a promising alternative energy resource that undergoes complex phase changes and coupled geological responses during hydrate production. Insufficient knowledge of those coupled behaviors still challenge safe and efficient gas production from hydrate. Here, a novel experimental apparatus was developed to simulate the gas–water–sand production and to evaluate the related multifield and multiphase processes. The experimental apparatus is equipped with displacement, ultrasonic, and electrical resistivity sensors and gas/water flowmeters, and this apparatus can work up to a maximum loading stress of 25 MPa and a maximum pore pressure of 20 MPa over a temperature range from −20 to 50 °C. The hydrate production and sand production case were performed on a synthetic specimen with hydrate saturation of 12.8% by using multi-step depressurization. The pressure–temperature conditions, settlement, ultrasonic propagation, electrical resistivity, and permeability of hydrate reservoirs during production were simultaneously monitored to evaluate the geological characteristics and heat and mass transfer characteristics of the hydrate reservoir. The results indicated that the gas/water production mainly occurred during the first third of each depressurization period, and their production rates were low at the beginning. Flowing water mobilized the sand particles, and the addition of gas exacerbated the sand-particle migration. Interpretation of the coupled behaviors supported that the reservoir could maintain a temporary stable structure even when losing a certain amount of sand particles with no sand control methods; however, necessary sand-prevention approaches are wise to support long-term reservoir production operations. These laboratory insights would contribute to optimizing the field strategies for economical gas production from hydrate.
Time evolution of probability density in stochastic dynamical systems with time delays: The governing equation and its numerical solution
Authors: Sun Xu , Yang Fang
Published: December 2022

While it is well known that the probability density for conventional stochastic differential equations can be obtained by numerically solving the corresponding Fokker–Planck equations, no feasible approaches have been reported to compute the probability density for stochastic differential equations with time delays. Lacking efficient algorithms to compute the probability density has greatly restricted the application of stochastic differential equations with time delays. A numerical method is developed in this paper to compute the probability density for stochastic differential equations with multiple time delays. It is shown that the proposed numerical method is of first order convergence with respect to time step. Numerical examples are presented to verify and illustrate the proposed method.
Effect of heat source on kinetic energy transfer in compressible homogeneous shear turbulence
Authors: Chen Yuandong , Wang Xiaoning , Duan Lishu , Wang Jianchun
Published: December 2022

The effects of heat sources on kinetic energy transfer in compressible homogeneous shear turbulence are studied using numerical simulations at turbulent Mach numbers 0.1 and 0.4 for two levels of heat source. It is found that the strong heat source can significantly enhance both positive and negative components of subgrid-scale (SGS) kinetic energy flux and pressure–dilatation. After adding a strong heat source, compression motions enhance the positive SGS flux, and expansion motions enhance the negative SGS flux at a low turbulent Mach number. According to the Helmholtz decomposition, we found that the solenoidal and dilatational components of pressure–dilatation and SGS kinetic energy flux are increased greatly by a strong heat source at a low turbulent Mach number. The solenoidal mode plays a dominant role in the kinetic energy transfer process, but the contribution of the dilatational mode is not negligible. The dilatational component of the production term is increased by a strong heat source at a low turbulent Mach number, providing the main source of kinetic energy to the dilatational mode. The strong heat source also enhances the kinetic energy exchange between solenoidal mode and dilatational mode through nonlinear advection at a low turbulent Mach number. Moreover, the strong heat source enhances pressure anisotropy, redistribution of the kinetic energy of two transverse components, and energy transfer from internal energy to the kinetic energy through pressure–dilatation term. At a high turbulent Mach number, the strong heat source has little impact on the solenoidal and dilatational components of kinetic energy transfer terms.
Cryogenic VCSEL microwave-optical model for laser frequency response prediction and e–h recombination lifetime analysis
Authors: Wu D. , Fu W. , Wu H. , Feng M.
Published: December 2022

Cryogenic vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for high-speed computing and energy-efficient data links have recently received considerable interest due to the microcavity laser bandwidth enhancement at low operating power. In this work, microwave on-wafer measurements of VCSELs for frequencies up to 50 GHz are performed over temperatures down to 82 K. Subsequently, we applied parasitic de-embedding techniques to develop a microwave-optical laser model. Based on the bias-dependent measurement of laser frequency responses and laser model, the photon and electron–hole (e–h) recombination lifetimes are accurately extracted to explain the physics of laser bandwidth enhancement and the behavior of resonances. Finally, we demonstrate that the VCSEL can deliver a modulated bandwidth of >60 GHz at a low operating current, I = 3 mA, for delivering >120 Gb/s non-return-to-zero data to establish an energy-efficient optical link at 82 K.