bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of the FERONIA receptor kinase MdMRLK2 enhances apple cold tolerance
Authors: Jing Yuanyuan , Pei Tingting , Li Chunrong , Wang Duanni , Wang Qi , Chen Yijia , Li Pengmin , Liu Changhai , Ma Fengwang
Published: April 2023

Cold is one of the main abiotic stresses in temperate fruit crops, affecting the yield and fruit quality of apple in China and European countries. The plant receptor‐like kinase FERONIA is widely reported to be involved in abiotic stresses. However, its function in apple cold resistance remains unknown. Modification of cell wall components and accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids are important strategies by which plants cope with cold. In this study, expression of the apple FERONIA receptor‐like kinase gene MdMRLK2 was rapidly induced by cold. Apple plants overexpressing MdMRLK2 (35S:MdMRLK2) showed enhanced cold resistance relative to the wild type. Under cold conditions, 35S:MdMRLK2 apple plants had higher amounts of water insoluble pectin, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which may have resulted from reduced activities of polygalacturonase, pectinate lyase, pectinesterase, and cellulase. More soluble sugars and free amino acids and less photosystem damage were also observed in 35S:MdMRLK2 apple plants. Intriguingly, MdMRLK2 interacted with the transcription factor MdMYBPA1 and promoted its binding to MdANS and MdUFGT promoters, leading to more anthocyanin biosynthesis, particularly under cold conditions. These findings complemented the function of apple FERONIA MdMRLK2 responding to cold resistance.
Effect of experimentally introduced interaural frequency mismatch on sentence recognition in bilateral cochlear-implant listeners
Authors: Cleary Miranda , DeRoy Milvae Kristina , Nguyen Nicole , Bernstein Joshua G. W. , Goupell Matthew J.
Published: April 2023

Bilateral cochlear-implant users experience interaural frequency mismatch because of asymmetries in array insertion and frequency-to-electrode assignment. To explore the acute perceptual consequences of such mismatch, sentence recognition in quiet was measured in nine bilateral cochlear-implant listeners as frequency allocations in the poorer ear were shifted by ±1.5, ±3, and ±4.5 mm using experimental programs. Shifts in frequency allocation >3 mm reduced bilateral sentence scores below those for the better ear alone, suggesting that the poorer ear interfered with better-ear perception. This was not a result of fewer active channels; deactivating electrodes without frequency shifting had minimal effect.
Dynamics of Phyllosphere Microbiota and Chemical Parameters at Various Growth Stages and Their Contribution to Anaerobic Fermentation of
Pennisetum giganteum
Authors: Zhao Jie , Liu Hao-Peng , Yin Xue-Jing , Dong Zhi-Hao , Wang Si-Ran , Li Jun-Feng , Shao Tao
Published: April 2023

The phyllosphere microbiota consists of various and complex microbes, including bacteria with crucial relevance to the quality and safety of fermented food and feed. It initially derives from soil and becomes specific to its host after interaction with plants and climate.
Supplemental Material: Transition from breccia pipe to stratabound mineralization in Mississippi Valley-type hydrothermal systems: The Nayongzhi Zn-Pb deposit, world-class Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou triangle, South China
Authors: Wei Chen , Ye Lin , et al.
Published: April 2023

Figure S1: Paragenetic sequence of Nayongzhi Zn-Pb mineralization. Figure S2: Homogenization temperature and salinity histograms for all inclusions of different stages. Figure S3: Sketches of fluid inclusion assemblages from growth-zoned sphalerite crystal. Table S1: Sulfur and lead isotope composition in the Nayongzhi deposit. Table S2: Summary of microthermometric data for fluid inclusion in the Nayongzhi deposit.
Pathophysiology and new advances in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Bousseau Simon , Sobrano Fais Rafael , Gu Sue , Frump Andrea , Lahm Tim
Published: April 2023

Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and often fatal cardiopulmonary condition characterised by increased pulmonary arterial pressure, structural changes in the pulmonary circulation, and the formation of vaso-occlusive lesions. These changes lead to increased right ventricular afterload, which often progresses to maladaptive right ventricular remodelling and eventually death. Pulmonary arterial hypertension represents one of the most severe and best studied types of pulmonary hypertension and is consistently targeted by drug treatments. The underlying molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is a complex and multifactorial process, but can be characterised by several hallmarks: inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, metabolic alterations, genetic or epigenetic abnormalities, influence of sex and sex hormones, and abnormalities in the right ventricle. Current treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension and some other types of pulmonary hypertension target pathways involved in the control of pulmonary vascular tone and proliferation; however, these treatments have limited efficacy on patient outcomes. This review describes key features of pulmonary hypertension, discusses current and emerging therapeutic interventions, and points to future directions for research and patient care. Because most progress in the specialty has been made in pulmonary arterial hypertension, this review focuses on this type of pulmonary hypertension. The review highlights key pathophysiological concepts and emerging therapeutic directions, targeting inflammation, cellular metabolism, genetics and epigenetics, sex hormone signalling, bone morphogenetic protein signalling, and inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptors.
Vascular thrombosis after single dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in healthcare workers in South Africa: open label, single arm, phase 3B study (Sisonke study)
Authors: Jacobson Barry Frank , Schapkaitz Elise , Takalani Azwi , Rowji Pradeep , Louw Vernon Johan , Opie Jessica , Bekker Linda-Gail , Garrett Nigel , Goga Ameena , Reddy Tarylee , Yende-Zuma Nonhlanhla , Sanne Ian , Seocharan Ishen , Peter Jonny , Robinson Michelle , Collie Shirley , Khan Amber , Takuva Simbarashe , Gray Glenda
Published: April 2023

Objective

To assess the rates of vascular thrombotic adverse events in the first 35 days after one dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) in healthcare workers in South Africa and to compare these rates with those observed in the general population.

Design

Open label, single arm, phase 3B study.

Setting

Sisonke study, South Africa, 17 February to 15 June 2021.

Participants

The Sisonke cohort of 477 234 healthcare workers, aged ≥18 years, who received one dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine.

Main outcome measures

Observed rates of venous arterial thromboembolism and vaccine induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in individuals who were vaccinated, compared with expected rates, based on age and sex specific background rates from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database (database of longitudinal routinely collected electronic health records from UK primary care practices using Vision general practice patient management software).

Results

Most of the study participants were women (74.9%) and median age was 42 years (interquartile range 33-51). Twenty nine (30.6 per 100 000 person years, 95% confidence interval 20.5 to 44.0) vascular thrombotic events occurred at a median of 14 days (7-29) after vaccination. Of these 29 participants, 93.1% were women, median age 46 (37-55) years, and 51.7% had comorbidities. The observed to expected ratios for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with thrombocytopenia and pulmonary embolism with thrombocytopenia were 10.6 (95% confidence interval 0.3 to 58.8) and 1.2 (0.1 to 6.5), respectively. Because of the small number of adverse events and wide confidence intervals, no conclusions were drawn between these estimates and the expected incidence rates in the population.

Conclusions

Vaccine induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis after one dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was found in only a few patients in this South African population of healthcare workers. These findings are reassuring if considered in terms of the beneficial effects of vaccination against covid-19 disease. These data support the continued use of this vaccine, but surveillance is recommended to identify other incidences of venous and arterial thromboembolism and to improve confidence in the data estimates.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT04838795.
Diagnostic performance of two teledentistry tools in elderly care facilities: the ONE-1 protocol for a pilot prospective diagnostic study
Authors: Veynachter Thomas , Sural Yelda , Baudot Patrick , Remen Thomas , Baudet Alexandre , Kabuth Bernard , Clement Celine
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Elderly people living in care facilities suffer from difficulties in accessing preventive and curative dental care. This leads to poor oral health, which is an increased risk of systemic diseases, in a fragile and dependent population. All this contributes to a progressive loss of autonomy and a decreased quality of life. The use of information and communication technologies through oral telemedicine could help to overcome these barriers. We described the protocol for evaluating the diagnostic performance of two intraoral cameras against a gold standard clinical examination.

Methods and analysis

We conduct a pilot multicentric and prospective diagnostic study (a minimal-risk, minimal-burden interventional research called ONE-1 (for Oral graNd Est step 1)) on two intraoral diagnostic tools (Soprocare camera and consumer camera) compared with a reference intraoral examination. Patients in four elderly care facilities will be included, with randomisation of participant selection and randomisation of the order of the three intraoral examinations performed by a dental surgeon. We will evaluate the diagnostic performance of each device with the asynchronous analysis of videos by two independent dental surgeons against the clinical gold standard examination performed by a single, third dental examiner. The primary outcome is the presence of at least one tooth decay in the dentition of each study participant. Second, we will evaluate the presence of other dental or oral diseases, and the time required to perform each examination. Finally, we will evaluate the organisation of patient follow-up.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol has been approved by the French ethics committee (Protection to Persons Committee, Nord-Ouest IV on 9 June 2021 and on 28 November 2022). Results will be disseminated through conferences’ presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT05089214.
Communication strategies to improve human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation uptake among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oketch Sandra Y , Ochomo Edwin O , Orwa Jeniffer A , Mayieka Lilian M , Abdullahi Leila H
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Developing countries face the greatest cervical cancer disease burden and mortality with suboptimal immunisation uptake. This review explores the communication strategies adopted, successes, challenges and lessons learnt in sub-Saharan countries to enhance human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Hinari, Cochrane Library, Trip database, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and seven grey resources were searched through May 2022.

Eligibility criteria

We included observational studies addressing communication strategies for HPV immunisation uptake.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers used standardised methods to search, screen and code included studies. Data extraction and assessment of risk of bias were done in duplicate to enhance validity of the results. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects model. Findings were summarised and synthesised qualitatively.

Results

Communication intervention to facilitate decision-making achieved uptake rate of 100% (95% CI 0.99% to 1.00%), followed by intervention to enable communication, which achieved 92% (95% CI 0.92% to 0.92%). Communication intervention to inform and educate achieved 90% (95% CI 0.90% to 0.90%).

Targeting both healthcare workers and community leaders with the communication intervention achieved 95% (95% CI 0.91% to 0.98%), while teachers and school boards achieved 92% (95% CI 0.84% to 1.01%). Targeting policymakers achieved 86% (95% CI 0.78% to 0.93%).

Based on the method of communication intervention delivery, use of training achieved an uptake rate of 85% (95% CI 0.84% to 0.87%); similarly, drama and dance achieved 85% (95% CI 0.84% to 0.86%). However, use of information, education and communication materials achieved 82% (95% CI 0.78% to 0.87%).

Conclusion

HPV vaccine communication is critical in ensuring that the community understands the importance of vaccination. The most effective communication strategies included those which educate the population about the HPV vaccine, facilitate decision-making on vaccine uptake and community ownership of the vaccination process immunisation.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021243683.
Assessing preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery services via online pharmacies in Kenya: protocol for a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Chen Yilin , Saldarriaga Enrique M , Montano Michalina A , Ngure Kenneth , Thuo Nicholas , Kiptinness Catherine , Rafferty Maeve , Terris-Prestholt Fern , Stergachis Andy , Mugambi Melissa Latigo , Ortblad Katrina F , Sharma Monisha
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV acquisition, but coverage remains low in high prevalence settings. Initiating and continuing PrEP via online pharmacies is a promising strategy to expand PrEP uptake but little is known about user preferences for this strategy. We describe methods for a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to assess preferences for PrEP delivery from an online pharmacy.

Methods and analysis

This cross-sectional study is conducted in Nairobi, Kenya, in partnership with MYDAWA, a private online pharmacy retailer with a planned sample size of >400 participants. Eligibility criteria are: ≥18 years, not known HIV-positive and interested in PrEP. Initial DCE attributes and levels were developed via literature review and stakeholder meetings. We conducted cognitive interviews to assess participant understanding of the DCE survey and refined the design. The final DCE used a D-efficient design and contained four attributes: PrEP eligibility assessment, HIV test type, clinical consultation type and user support options. Participants are presented with eight scenarios consisting of two hypothetical PrEP delivery services. The survey was piloted among 20 participants before being advertised on the MYDAWA website on pages displaying products indicating HIV risk (eg, HIV self-test kits). Interested participants call a study number and those screened eligible meet a research assistant in a convenient location to complete the survey. The DCE will be analysed using a conditional logit model to assess average preferences and mixed logit and latent class models to evaluate preference heterogeneity among subgroups.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the University of Washington Human Research Ethics Committee (STUDY00014011), the Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi County (EOP/NMS/HS/128) and the Scientific and Ethics Review Unit in Kenya (KEMRI/RES/7/3/1). Participation in the DCE is voluntary and subject to completion of an electronic informed consent. Findings will be shared at international conferences and peer-reviewed publications, and via engagement meetings with stakeholders.
Effects of home healthcare for adults with chronic respiratory diseases and post-COVID-19 syndrome on hospital bed turnover rate: a protocol of systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Leite Sarah , Monteiro Karolinne Souza , Santino Thayla Amorim , Chaves Gabriela , Barbosa Joubert Vitor de Souto , Santos Tácito Z M , Amaral Cleia , Ahmed Sara , Gama Zenewton André da Silva , Mendonça Karla Morganna Pereira Pinto de
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) have a high prevalence, morbidity and mortality worldwide. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients readmitted after hospital discharge increased. For some populations, early hospital discharge and home healthcare may reduce health costs in patients treated at home when compared with those hospitalised. This study aims to systematically review the effectiveness of home healthcare for patients with CRDs and post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Methods and analysis

We will search on MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase and PsycINFO. We will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCT studies reported in full text and abstracts. No language restriction will be applied. We will include studies related to adults with a diagnosis of CRDs or post-COVID-19 syndrome that compared in-patient hospital care with any home healthcare. We will exclude studies with participants with neurological, mental diseases, cancer or pregnant women. Two review authors will screen abstracts and select the eligible studies. To investigate the risk of bias, we will use the Cochrane ‘Risk of Bias’ tool for RCT, and the Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions for non-RCT. We will use the five Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) considerations to assess the quality of the evidence. Patients and the public will be involved in the preparation, execution and implementation phases of the review.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval is required because only published data will be analysed. The publication of the results in peer-reviewed journals and at relevant conferences will guide the direction of future research in the field and healthcare practice. The results will also be disseminated in plain language on social media to disseminate the knowledge to society and the public interested in the topic.
Statins for extension of disability-free survival and primary prevention of cardiovascular events among older people: protocol for a randomised controlled trial in primary care (STAREE trial)
Authors: Zoungas Sophia , Curtis Andrea , Spark Simone , Wolfe Rory , McNeil John J , Beilin Lawrence , Chong Trevor T-J , Cloud Geoffrey , Hopper Ingrid , Kost Alissia , Nelson Mark , Nicholls Stephen J , Reid Christopher M , Ryan Joanne , Tonkin Andrew , Ward Stephanie A , Wierzbicki Anthony
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The world is undergoing a demographic transition to an older population. Preventive healthcare has reduced the burden of chronic illness at younger ages but there is limited evidence that these advances can improve health at older ages. Statins are one class of drug with the potential to prevent or delay the onset of several causes of incapacity in older age, particularly major cardiovascular disease (CVD). This paper presents the protocol for the STAtins in Reducing Events in the Elderly (STAREE) trial, a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of statins in community dwelling older people without CVD, diabetes or dementia.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial among people aged 70 years and over, recruited through Australian general practice and with no history of clinical CVD, diabetes or dementia. Participants will be randomly assigned to oral atorvastatin (40 mg daily) or matching placebo (1:1 ratio). The co-primary endpoints are disability-free survival defined as survival-free of dementia and persistent physical disability, and major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death or non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke). Secondary endpoints are all-cause death, dementia and other cognitive decline, persistent physical disability, fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, fatal and non-fatal stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, fatal and non-fatal cancer, all-cause hospitalisation, need for permanent residential care and quality of life. Comparisons between assigned treatment arms will be on an intention-to-treat basis with each of the co-primary endpoints analysed separately in time-to-first-event analyses using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Ethics and dissemination

STAREE will address uncertainties about the preventive effects of statins on a range of clinical outcomes important to older people. Institutional ethics approval has been obtained. All research outputs will be disseminated to general practitioner co-investigators and participants, published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT02099123.
Refractive error correction among urban and rural school children using two self-adjustable spectacles
Authors: Ocansey Stephen , Amuda Rufaida , Abraham Carl Halladay , Abu Emmanuel Kwasi
Published: April 2023

Objective

Self-refracting spectacles (SRSs) have different optical and mechanical designs, which may affect the refractive outcome, depending on the experience of the end user. This study compared the performance of two SRS among children in Ghana.

Methods and analysis

A cross-sectional study of two Alvarez variable-focus SRS designs was conducted. A total of 167 children (mean age 13.6±1.6 years) identified as having refractive error were recruited from 2465 students who underwent screening. Subjects completed self-refraction using FocusSpecs, and Adlens, autorefraction and cycloplegic subjective refraction (CSR) (gold standard). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare visual outcomes and accuracy of refraction and graphically illustrated using Bland-Altman plots.

Results

Eighty (47.9%) urban and 87 (52.1%) rural children were analysed and only about one-quarter 40 (24.0%) wore spectacles. The proportion who achieved visual acuity of ≥6/7.5 with FocusSpec, Adlens, autorefraction and CSR among urban schools were 92.6%, 92.4%, 60% and 92.6%, while those in rural schools were 81.6%, 86.2%, 54.0% and 95.4%, respectively. The mean±SD spherical equivalent errors for urban and rural schools using FocusSpec, Adlens and CSR were −1.05±0.61 D, –0.97±0.58 D and −0.78±0.53 D; and −0.47±0.51 D, –0.55±0.43 D and −0.27±0.11 D, respectively. The mean differences between the two self-refraction spectacles for urban and rural schools were not statistically different (p>0.00) but differed significantly when both were compared with the gold standard (CSR) (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Background and refraction experience of school children did not significantly affect self-refraction.
Surgical subspecialization is associated with higher rate of rib fracture stabilization: a retrospective database analysis
Authors: Badrinathan Avanti , Sarode Anuja L , Alvarado Christine E , Sinopoli Jillian , Rice Jonathan D , Linden Philip A , Moorman Matthew L , Towe Christopher W
Published: April 2023

Background

Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) is performed on only a small subset of patients who meet guideline-recommended indications for surgery. Although previous studies show that provider specialization was associated with SSRF procedural competency, little is known about the impact of provider specialization on SSRF performance frequency. We hypothesize that provider specialization would impact performance of SSRF.

Methods

The Premier Hospital Database was used to identify adult patients with rib fractures from 2015 and 2019. The outcome of interest was performance of SSRF, defined using International Classification of Diseases—10th Revision Procedure Coding System coding. Patients were categorized as receiving their procedures from a thoracic, general surgeon, or orthopedic surgeon. Patients with missing or other provider types were excluded. Multivariate modeling was performed to evaluate the effect of surgical specialization on outcomes of SSRF. Given a priori assumptions that trauma centers may have different practice patterns, a subgroup analysis was performed excluding patients with ‘trauma center’ admissions.

Results

Among 39 733 patients admitted with rib fractures, 2865 (7.2%) received SSRF. Trauma center admission represented a minority (1034, 36%) of SSRF procedures relative to other admission types (1831, 64%, p=0.15). In a multivariable analysis, thoracic (OR 6.94, 95% CI 5.94–8.11) and orthopedic provider (OR 2.60, 95% CI 2.16–3.14) types were significantly more likely to perform SSRF. In further analyses of trauma center admissions versus non-trauma center admissions, this pattern of SSRF performance was found at non-trauma centers.

Conclusion

The majority of SSRF procedures in the USA are being performed by general surgeons and at non-trauma centers. ‘Subspecialty’ providers in orthopedics and thoracic surgery are performing fewer total SSRF interventions, but are more likely to perform SSRF, especially at non-trauma centers. Provider specialization as a barrier to SSRF may be related to competence in the SSRF procedures and requires further study.

Type

Therapeutic/care management.

Level of evidence

IV
Quantum walks in spaces with applied potentials
Authors: Varsamis Georgios D. , Karafyllidis Ioannis G. , Sirakoulis Georgios Ch.
Published: April 2023

Discrete quantum walks are a universal model of quantum computation equivalent to the quantum circuit model and can be mapped onto quantum circuits and executed using quantum computers. Quantum walks can model and simulate many physical systems and several quantum algorithms are based on them. Discrete quantum walks have been extensively studied, but quantum walks that evolve in spaces in which potentials are applied received little or no attention. Here, we formulate the discrete quantum walk model in one and two-dimensional spaces in which potentials are applied. In this formulation the quantum walker carries a “charge” affected by the potentials and the walk evolution is driven by both constant and time-varying potentials. We reproduce the tunneling through a barrier phenomenon and study the quantum walk evolution in one and two-dimensional spaces with various potential distributions. We demonstrate that our formulation can serve as a basis for applied quantum computing by studying maze running and the motion of vehicles in urban spaces. In these spaces curbs and buildings are modeled as impenetrable potential barriers and traffic lights as time-varying potential barriers. Quantum walks in spaces with applied potentials may open the way for the development of novel quantum algorithms in which inputs are introduced as potential profiles.
Redox Reactions of Ag(I)/Ag and Ferrocenium/Ferrocene in 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide Ionic Liquid
Authors: Kato Shodai , Serizawa Nobuyuki , Katayama Yasushi
Published: April 2023

The electrode reactions of Ag(I)/Ag and ferrocenium/ferrocene (Fc+/Fc) were investigated in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (BMPFSA). The potential of Ag(I)/Ag depended on the logarithm of the concentration of Ag(I), as predicted by the Nernst equation, indicating the Ag(I)/Ag can be used as a reference electrode reaction in BMPFSA. The reversible electrode reaction of Fc+/Fc was observed in BMPFSA by cyclic voltammetry. The donor number of BMPFSA was estimated to be 13 from the difference in the formal potentials of Ag(I)/Ag and Fc+/Fc, indicating the coordination ability of FSA– was slightly stronger than that of bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (TFSA–). The diffusion coefficients (D) of Fc and Fc+ were (5.7 ± 0.7) and (3.3 ± 0.2) × 10–7 cm2 s–1, respectively. The ratio of D of Fc+ against that of Fc was smaller than those in TFSA–-type ionic liquids, reflecting the higher charge density of FSA–. The standard rate constant (k
0) of Fc+/Fc was estimated to be (5.4 ± 1.1) × 10–3 cm s–1. The apparent activation energy for k
0 was close to the activation energy for D, suggesting the electrode reaction of Fc+/Fc can be regarded as the outer sphere electron transfer reaction with a very small reorganization energy.
[Retracted] Marine Underwater Landscape Image Design Based on Bright Color Compensation and GAN Model Generation
Authors: Yuan Jingwen , Zhang Longlong , Kim ChulSoo
Published: April 2023

Traditional denoising algorithms cannot effectively deal with these images with different blurriness and color deviation. Especially for underwater operations, the images are not clear, which makes it difficult for operators to act as agents. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a bright color compensation and fusion method. Underwater image enhancement algorithm uses generated countermeasure network (GAN). First, the original image is color compensated using the bright channel to obtain a color‐compensated image; then, adaptive contrast stretching is performed on the color‐compensated image to obtain a clear image with high contrast. It can be seen from the experiment that the PSNR of the marine landscape map can reach 21.9329, and the SSIM can reach 0.7329, which can provide useful help for the field of underwater image enhancement.
Prognostic Value of the Red Blood Cell Distribution Width-to-Albumin Ratio in Critically Ill Older Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Database Study
Authors: Guo Lei , Chen Dezhun , Cheng Bihuan , Gong Yuqiang , Wang Benji
Published: April 2023

Background. There is no evidence suggesting that red blood cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio (RA) predicts outcomes in severely ill older individuals with acute kidney injury (AKI). We hypothesized that RA is associated with all-cause mortality in critically ill older patients with AKI. Methods. We recorded demographics, laboratory tests, comorbidities, vital signs, and other clinical information from the MIMIC-III V1.4 dataset. The primary endpoint was 90-day all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoints were 30-day mortality, one-year mortality, renal replacement treatment (RRT), duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), sepsis, and septic shock. We generated Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models to determine RA’s prognostic values and subgroup analyses to determine the subgroups’ mortality. We conducted a Pearson correlation analysis on RA and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the cohort of patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Results. A total of 6,361 patients were extracted from MIMIC-III based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RA levels directly and linearly correlated with 90-day all-cause mortality. After controlling for ethnicity, gender, age, and other confounding variables in multivariate analysis, higher RA was significantly associated with an increased risk of 30-day, 90-day, and one-year all-cause mortality as opposed to the reduced levels of RA (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.70, 1.43–2.01; 1.90, 1.64–2.19; and 1.95, 1.72–2.20, respectively). These results suggested that elevated levels of RA were linked to an elevated risk of 30-day, 90-day, and one-year all-cause death. There was a similar trend between RA and the use of RRT, length of stay in ICUs, sepsis, and septic shock. The subgroup analysis did not reveal any considerable interplay among strata. When areas under the curve were compared, RA was a weaker predictor than the SAPS II score but a stronger predictor than red blood cell distribution width (RDW) or albumin alone (

P
<
0.001

); RA combined with SAPS II has better predictive power than SAPS II alone (

P
<
0.001

). The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University cohort showed that CRP positively correlated with RA, with a coefficient of 0.2607 (

P
<
0.001

). Conclusions. RA was an independent prognostic predictor in critically ill older patients with AKI, and greater RA was linked to a higher probability of death. The risk of AKI is complicated when RRT occurs; sepsis and septic shock increase with RA levels.
Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 43 Impacts Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Prognosis by Altering Its Proliferation and Infiltration of Surrounding Immune Cells
Authors: Zhao Ziqi , Lin Zhikun , Guo Xin , Al-danakh Abdullah , He Hui , Qin Henan , Ma Chi , Zhang Ningning , Tan Guang
Published: April 2023

Background. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating cancer, and the therapy options for PDAC remain restricted. The distinctive tumor immunological microenvironment (TIME) of PDAC, comprising a high number of stromal cells and a limited infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), rendered immunotherapy ineffective. The protein level of ubiquitin-specific protease 43 (USP43) was a prognostic predictor in numerous cancers; however, its function in PDAC is limited. This article focuses on the influence of USP43 expression on PDAC prognosis and TIME alteration. Methods. Based on TCGA database and tissue microarray staining, the expression of USP43 in PDAC was evaluated. The association between USP43 and prognosis was then investigated using tissue samples and online databases. In PDAC tumor tissues, the correlation between USP43 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, immune cell infiltration, and prognosis was investigated. The expression of USP43 in PDAC cell lines was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and a cell colony formation test, the viability of the cells was determined. On the basis of online databases and tissue samples, the link between USP43 and immune cell infiltration around PDAC was also examined. For statistical analyses, the software GraphPad, R, and SPSS 26.0 were utilized. Results. The expression of USP43 was considerably higher in PDAC compared to normal pancreatic tissue in both the TCGA database and the tissue microarrays of PDAC patients (

P
<
0.001

). High USP43 expression was associated with poor overall survival in both the TCGA database and the tissue microarray of PDAC patients (

P
=
0.046

and 0.021, respectively). USP43 overexpression promoted PANC-1 cell proliferation (

P
=
0.0018

), but USP43 knockdown decreased PANC02 cell proliferation (

P
<
0.001

). According to the TCGA database, USP43 is associated with T cell activation and inhibits CD8+ T cell activation in PDAC, as proven by a study of cell lines. Moreover, in both TCGA and PDAC cell lines, USP43 expression was negatively linked with the chemokine signaling pathway. Conclusions. Overexpression of USP43 is a potential prognostic indicator for PDAC patients. USP43 is a potential biomarker associated with T cell activation, suppression of CD8+ T cell enrichment, and the cytokine signal pathway. Future multicenter studies are needed to confirm our findings and their potential application in the treatment of PDAC patients.
“I Don’t Support It for My Children”: Perceptions of Parents and Guardians regarding the Use of Modern Contraceptives by Adolescents in Arua City, Uganda
Authors: Jalinga Vuamaiku Godfrey , Epuitai Joshua , Andru Monicah , Aleni Mary
Published: April 2023

Despite the high rates of adolescent pregnancies, the utilization of modern contraceptives is still low among adolescents in Uganda which highlights a missed opportunity for the prevention of unwanted pregnancies among adolescents. We explored the perception of parents and guardians regarding the use of modern contraceptives by adolescents and the roles parents and guardians play in the use of modern contraceptives by the adolescents. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in one of the suburbs of Arua city in the West Nile subregion in Uganda. Fifteen (15) in-depth interviews were conducted with parents and or guardians to explore their perceptions and roles regarding the use of modern contraceptives by adolescents. Thematic analysis was used in qualitative data analysis. Parents did not support adolescents’ use of modern contraceptives. Lack of parental support was related to perceptions that modern contraceptives promote sexual promiscuity, fear that it causes infertility and that it is incompatible with cultural, religious, and moral norms. Parents and guardians opted to emphasize the importance of abstinence, conformity with cultural and religious norms, and the need to focus on completing school instead of encouraging the use of modern contraceptives. Few parents and guardians supported the use of modern contraceptives, specifically condoms, to prevent unwanted pregnancy by the adolescents and parents/guardians, sexually transmitted infections, and early school dropouts. Parents and guardians expressed feelings of inadequacy related to discussions on contraception use with their adolescent children and therefore avoided talking about it. Our study reveals a lack of parental support regarding the use of modern contraceptives among adolescents. Public health interventions which promote intergenerational, socioculturally, and religiously appropriate communication should be instituted in the communities in order to promote sustainable adoption of modern contraceptive use among adolescents.
Supplementary Table S2 from Performance of Statistical and Machine Learning Risk Prediction Models for Surveillance Benefits and Failures in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Su Yu-Ru , Buist Diana S.M. , Lee Janie M. , Ichikawa Laura , Miglioretti Diana L. , Bowles Erin J. Aiello , Wernli Karen J. , Kerlikowske Karla , Tosteson Anna , Lowry Kathryn P. , Henderson Louise M. , Sprague Brian L. , Hubbard Rebecca A.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table S2 shows the estimated effect sizes on log-odds scale for regression-based modeling approaches for surveillance failure and benefit averaged across 10 imputed datasets.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Performance of Statistical and Machine Learning Risk Prediction Models for Surveillance Benefits and Failures in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Su Yu-Ru , Buist Diana S.M. , Lee Janie M. , Ichikawa Laura , Miglioretti Diana L. , Bowles Erin J. Aiello , Wernli Karen J. , Kerlikowske Karla , Tosteson Anna , Lowry Kathryn P. , Henderson Louise M. , Sprague Brian L. , Hubbard Rebecca A.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure S2 shows ranking of variable importance for random forests and gradient boosting machines for surveillance failure.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Methylation Signature Implicated in Immuno-Suppressive Activities in Tubo-Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chen , Block Matthew S. , Cunningham Julie M. , Sherman Mark E. , McCauley Bryan M. , Armasu Sebastian M. , Vierkant Robert A. , Traficante Nadia , Talhouk Aline , Ramus Susan J. , Pejovic Nadja , Köbel Martin , Jorgensen Brooke D. , Garsed Dale W. , Fereday Sian , Doherty Jennifer A. , Ariyaratne Dinuka , Anglesio Michael S. , Widschwendter Martin , Pejovic Tanja , Bosquet Jesus Gonzalez , Bowtell David D. , Winham Stacey J. , Goode Ellen L.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure 3: Immune Analysis
Supplementary Figure 2 from Methylation Signature Implicated in Immuno-Suppressive Activities in Tubo-Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chen , Block Matthew S. , Cunningham Julie M. , Sherman Mark E. , McCauley Bryan M. , Armasu Sebastian M. , Vierkant Robert A. , Traficante Nadia , Talhouk Aline , Ramus Susan J. , Pejovic Nadja , Köbel Martin , Jorgensen Brooke D. , Garsed Dale W. , Fereday Sian , Doherty Jennifer A. , Ariyaratne Dinuka , Anglesio Michael S. , Widschwendter Martin , Pejovic Tanja , Bosquet Jesus Gonzalez , Bowtell David D. , Winham Stacey J. , Goode Ellen L.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure 2: No Association between Methylation Signature and Baseline Clinical Factors
Table S13 from Application of Novel Breast Biospecimen Cell-Type Adjustment Identifies Shared DNA Methylation Alterations in Breast Tissue and Milk with Breast Cancer–Risk Factors
Authors: Muse Meghan E. , Carroll Connolly D. , Salas Lucas A. , Karagas Margaret R. , Christensen Brock C.
Published: April 2023

Age and parity associated alterations to DNA methylation in breast milk adjusted only for cellular composition and adjusted for cellular composition and both age and parity, respectively
Figure S13 from Application of Novel Breast Biospecimen Cell-Type Adjustment Identifies Shared DNA Methylation Alterations in Breast Tissue and Milk with Breast Cancer–Risk Factors
Authors: Muse Meghan E. , Carroll Connolly D. , Salas Lucas A. , Karagas Margaret R. , Christensen Brock C.
Published: April 2023

Epigenome-wide association analysis identifying CpG sites that are significantly differentially methylated in women with a family history of breast cancer relative to women without a family history of breast cancer in (A) solid breast tissue and (B) breast milk, adjusted for estimated proportions of epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. (C) Overlap of identified hypermethylated and hypomethylated loci (P < 0.01) in solid breast tissue and breast milk.
Figure S10 from Application of Novel Breast Biospecimen Cell-Type Adjustment Identifies Shared DNA Methylation Alterations in Breast Tissue and Milk with Breast Cancer–Risk Factors
Authors: Muse Meghan E. , Carroll Connolly D. , Salas Lucas A. , Karagas Margaret R. , Christensen Brock C.
Published: April 2023

Correlation between subject reproductive age (years) and estimated relative proportions of cells in breast milk (n = 48). Component cell types include epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells.
Figure S1 from Application of Novel Breast Biospecimen Cell-Type Adjustment Identifies Shared DNA Methylation Alterations in Breast Tissue and Milk with Breast Cancer–Risk Factors
Authors: Muse Meghan E. , Carroll Connolly D. , Salas Lucas A. , Karagas Margaret R. , Christensen Brock C.
Published: April 2023

Correlation between estimated relative proportions of immune cells and true relative proportions in the in silico mixtures (n=12). Component cell types include B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells.
Supplementary Table 2 from Serum Lipid Profiles and Cholesterol-Lowering Medication Use in Relation to Subsequent Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: Yuan Fangcheng , Wen Wanqing , Jia Guochong , Long Jirong , Shu Xiao-Ou , Zheng Wei
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table 2 shows the associations of serum lipids with colorectal cancer risk among users of cholesterol-lowering medications.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Serum Lipid Profiles and Cholesterol-Lowering Medication Use in Relation to Subsequent Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: Yuan Fangcheng , Wen Wanqing , Jia Guochong , Long Jirong , Shu Xiao-Ou , Zheng Wei
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure 2 shows plots of the associations of serum triglyceride levels with colorectal cancer risk in all subjects and non-users of cholesterol-lowering medications.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Serum Lipid Profiles and Cholesterol-Lowering Medication Use in Relation to Subsequent Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: Yuan Fangcheng , Wen Wanqing , Jia Guochong , Long Jirong , Shu Xiao-Ou , Zheng Wei
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure 1 shows the overview of study participants selection for the current study.
Supplementary Figure S8 from Regular Glucosamine Use May Have Different Roles in the Risk of Site-Specific Cancers: Findings from a Large Prospective Cohort
Authors: Li Fu-Xiao , Zhao Hou-Yu , Lin Teng-Fei , Jiang Yi-Wen , Liu Di , Wei Chang , Zhao Zi-Yi , Yang Zu-Yao , Sha Feng , Yang Zhi-Rong , Tang Jin-Ling
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure S8 shows subgroup analyses for the association between glucosamine use and incidence of melanoma cancer.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Regular Glucosamine Use May Have Different Roles in the Risk of Site-Specific Cancers: Findings from a Large Prospective Cohort
Authors: Li Fu-Xiao , Zhao Hou-Yu , Lin Teng-Fei , Jiang Yi-Wen , Liu Di , Wei Chang , Zhao Zi-Yi , Yang Zu-Yao , Sha Feng , Yang Zhi-Rong , Tang Jin-Ling
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure S6 shows subgroup analyses for the association between glucosamine use and incidence of esophageal cancer.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Regular Glucosamine Use May Have Different Roles in the Risk of Site-Specific Cancers: Findings from a Large Prospective Cohort
Authors: Li Fu-Xiao , Zhao Hou-Yu , Lin Teng-Fei , Jiang Yi-Wen , Liu Di , Wei Chang , Zhao Zi-Yi , Yang Zu-Yao , Sha Feng , Yang Zhi-Rong , Tang Jin-Ling
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure S2 shows subgroup analyses for the association between glucosamine use and incidence of lung cancer.
Supplementary Figure S11 from Regular Glucosamine Use May Have Different Roles in the Risk of Site-Specific Cancers: Findings from a Large Prospective Cohort
Authors: Li Fu-Xiao , Zhao Hou-Yu , Lin Teng-Fei , Jiang Yi-Wen , Liu Di , Wei Chang , Zhao Zi-Yi , Yang Zu-Yao , Sha Feng , Yang Zhi-Rong , Tang Jin-Ling
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure S11 shows subgroup analyses for the association between glucosamine use and incidence of stomach cancer.
Data from Priorities to Promote Participant Engagement in the Participant Engagement and Cancer Genome Sequencing (PE-CGS) Network
Authors: Schuster Anne LR. , Crossnohere Norah L. , Bachini Melinda , Blair Cindy K. , Carpten John D. , Claus Elizabeth B. , Colditz Graham A. , Ding Li , Drake Bettina F. , Fields Ryan C. , Janeway Katherine A. , Kwan Bethany M. , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Ma Qin , Mishra Shiraz I. , Paskett Electra D. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Ricker Charité , Stern Mariana C. , Sussman Andrew L. , Tiner Jessica C. , Trent Jeffrey M. , Verhaak Roel GW. , Wagle Nikhil , Willman Cheryl , Bridges John FP.
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground:
Engaging diverse populations in cancer genomics research is of critical importance and is a fundamental goal of the NCI Participant Engagement and Cancer Genome Sequencing (PE-CGS) Network. Established as part of the Cancer Moonshot, PE-CGS is a consortium of stakeholders including clinicians, scientists, genetic counselors, and representatives of potential study participants and their communities. Participant engagement is an ongoing, bidirectional, and mutually beneficial interaction between study participants and researchers. PE-CGS sought to set priorities in participant engagement for conducting the network's research.
Methods:
PE-CGS deliberatively engaged its stakeholders in the following four-phase process to set the network's research priorities in participant engagement: (i) a brainstorming exercise to elicit potential priorities; (ii) a 2-day virtual meeting to discuss priorities; (iii) recommendations from the PE-CGS External Advisory Panel to refine priorities; and (iv) a virtual meeting to set priorities.
Results:
Nearly 150 PE-CGS stakeholders engaged in the process. Five priorities were set: (i) tailor education and communication materials for participants throughout the research process; (ii) identify measures of participant engagement; (iii) identify optimal participant engagement strategies; (iv) understand cancer disparities in the context of cancer genomics research; and (v) personalize the return of genomics findings to participants.
Conclusions:
PE-CGS is pursuing these priorities to meaningfully engage diverse and underrepresented patients with cancer and posttreatment cancer survivors as participants in cancer genomics research and, subsequently, generate new discoveries.
Impact:
Data from PE-CGS will be shared with the broader scientific community in a manner consistent with participant informed consent and community agreement.