bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green water resource utilization efficiency in urban agglomerations: measurement, spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors
Authors: hu mianhao , Chen La , Yuan Juhong
Published: November 2021

Green development is the coordinated development of the economy, society and environment and has become a mainstream development model. This paper evaluates the green water resource utilization efficiency (GWRUE) of 38 regions in the four-city area in central China during 2010–2019 using a super-slacks-based measure (super-SBM) DEA model considering unexpected output. Then, the spatiotemporal variations in GWRUE are analyzed by the standard deviational ellipse method, and the geographical detector method is employed to reveal the dominant impacts and interaction impacts on GWRUE spatiotemporal variations. The results show that (1) from 2010 to 2019, the GWRUE in the four-city area in central China was low, and the difference among regions was obvious, showing a downward trend. (2) From 2010 to 2019, the spatial gravity center of GWRUE experienced a change process from northeast to southwest, and its moving speed showed a “waveform” rising trend. Moreover, the SDE range of each characteristic time point showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the spatial variations in GWRUE tended to be agglomerated. (3) From 2010 to 2019, the influence of each factor on the spatial variations in GWRUE was different each year. In addition, the two-way interactions between different influencing factors were mainly manifested as bivariate enhancement relationships and nonlinear enhancement relationships and were especially affected by multiple factors that produce a nonlinear enhancement interaction. This study can provide a practical basis for realizing water ecological civilization construction and high-quality development in the four-city area in central China.
The Assessment of Spirituality Between Cancer and Chronic Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: LIU YALAN , XUE HAO , YAN LI , XIA YULIN , WANG YILIN
Published: November 2021

PurposeSpiritual well-being had protective effect on quality of life in cancer, due to the cultural, regional and custom differences,it was rarely been discussed between cancer and chronic diseases in Chongqing,China. We aimed at comparing the level of spirituality in two groups, and discussing its factors of subjects with cancer at county regions.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was distributed to 630 inpatients who received treatment between January and December 2020 in Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital.In addition to basic demographic data,spirituality was measured using the Chinese version of Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp-12). The mean,standard deviation,independent t-tests, ANOVA and multiple regression were used for statistical description and analysis.ResultsSignificant differences were found between cancer and chronic diseases in total scores of FACIT-Sp-12 and each domain(P<0.05).The meaning, peace, faith and total scores in cancer were 11.21±3.38,10.66±4.46,11.43±3.54,and 33.3±10.35,respectively.Which were lower than chronic diseases (13.00±3.21,12.95±4.76,12.66±3.64,38.61±10.88,respectively). The spiritual well-being had significant differences in gender,character,and emotional with spouse for cancer (P<0.05).The male and extravert character were significantly associated with a greater spiritual well-being.ConclusionThe study shows a medium level of spiritual well-being in cancer, which stands the population with lower economic and education in county regions. It suggests that under the current nursing mode, we should provide specifically spiritual care to the female,introvert and those with poor relationship with spouses, and create a harmonious doctor-patient environment to improve the spiritual well-being.Retrospectively registeredJSCC-D-21-01528,17 Sep 2021
Heat Fluxes Localization and Abnormal Size Effect Induced by Multi-Body Vibration in Complex Networks
Authors: Xiong Kezhao , Yan Zhengxin , Xie You , Wang Yixian , Zeng Chunhua , Liu Zonghua
Published: November 2021

Heat conduction in real physical networks such as nanotube/nanowire networks has been attracting more and more attention, but its theoretical understanding is far behind. To open a way to this problem, we present a multi-body vibration model of heat conduction to study how heat is conducted in complex networks, where nodes’degrees satisfy a random distribution and links consist of 1D atom chains with nonlinear springs. Based on this model, we find two interesting phenomenons: (1) The main heat fluxes of network are always localized in a skeleton subnetwork, which may have potential applications in thermal management and thermal concentrators, etc; (2) There exists an abnormal size effect of heat conduction in complex networks, i.e. the total heat flux of network will be enlarged with the increase of atoms on links, which is in contrast to the previous result on a 1D chain. Furthermore, we introduce a transmission diagram to characterize the skeleton of localized heat fluxes and then discover a phase transition of total heat flux in the process of removing links, implying that the control of heat flux can be effective only when the change of network topology is focused on the links within the skeleton. A brief theory is introduced to explain the abnormal size effect.
Prevalence and Economic Impact of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Brazilian Public Health System: Care and Economic Analysis and the Impacts of the Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Cruz June Alisson Westarb , Buso Gustavo Martini , Moura Lidia Ana Zytynski , Cunha Maria Alexandra Viegas Cortez da , Zequinão Tiago , Rodrigues Kleberson Massaro , Tuon Felipe Francisco , de Moraes Thyago Proença , Marques Sandro
Published: November 2021

Background
This study aimed to describe the general and specific context of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction (IAM) in the Brazilian public health system and its main indicators of economic care in the pre- and post-coronavirus-disease (COVID-19) period.
Methods
The main assistance and economic indicators of care related to IAM, together with the Brazilian public health system, were evaluated in the period between January 2011 and April 2021, comparing the pre- and post-pandemic indicators. The research figures were descriptive and exploratory, using data from the Ministry of Health. The main data evaluated were lethality, number of hospitalizations, average length of hospital stay, and hospitalization costs. The ARIMA and general regression models were used to analyze the monthly outcomes pre and post COVID-19, thus enabling the alteration of care and economic behavior of IAM cases with the public health system.
Results
Hospitalization for IAM has been on the rise for the past 10 years, with a slight decrease after COVID-19. There was an equally slight increase in lethality, with a significant decrease in the mean length of stay of hospitalized patients. The economic aspects of IAM show that more than US$ 762 million were invested during the reporting period. The average ticket presents a clear decrease in investment per capita, with a real devaluation of 70.04% in the period from 2011 to April 2021, which may be related to two main hypotheses: (1) increased effectiveness and (2) cost analysis of the effectiveness of care and/or chronic underfunding of the Brazilian public health system.
Conclusions
There was a historical increase in hospitalizations and a reduction in IAM-related deaths.
Determinants of Dietary Diversity and Nutritional status of Women and Children in India
Authors: Waghmare Hanumant , Gupt Jitendra , Kujur Archana
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aims to understand the relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status through the lenses of nutritional policies among women in reproductive age and children under age five in India.Method: Demographic and Health Survey data collected in year 2015-16 is used for Analysis in the aspects of current and past efforts taken at programme and policy level to improve nutritional and anaemia status among women and children. Further we review some of the critical interventions in nutrition and draws out several issues that have bearing on these policies' future evolution. Through the study we explore the statistical associations between nutritional status and nutritional policy in India.Result: The findings show that the evolution of nutrition policies and the programme has a slow but have positive impact on anaemia among women and children under age five in India. The study finds declining trend in prevalence of anaemia among women and children from 55.4 percent and 77.1 percent in 1990 to 51.4 percent and 57.3 percent in 2016 respectively. The dietary consumption shows that 37 percent women consume milk, further result shows that diet of children increase in fourth and fifth year. Mothers education shows inverse relation with malnutrition, with education sever and stunted percentage decreases. BMI among women, shows highest prevalence of underweight in early age 15-19 (41%), of normal in age 20-24 (62%), of overweight in older age 45-49 (25%) and of obese (10%) too. The nutritional status of women and children is better in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Conclusion: To deal with the diverse culture, food practices and improve the nutritional status of women and children government has introduced multiple policies and program but high level of anaemia among the women and children still exists. This result shows that government needs to take up a more approaches to this problem for effectively improving it.
Green Supply Chain Game Model and Contract Design: Risk Neutrality vs. Risk Aversion
Authors: Cai Jianhu , Lin Huazhen , Hu Xiaoqing , Ping Minyan
Published: November 2021

This paper incorporates the players’ risk attitudes into a green supply chain (GSC) consisting of a supplier and a retailer. The supplier conducts production and determines the green level and wholesale price as a game leader, the retailer sells green products to consumers and determines the retail price as a follower. Equilibrium solutions are derived, and the influence of risk aversion on the GSC is examined. Our results show that, for the centralized GSC, risk aversion lowers the green level and the retail price; while for the decentralized GSC, risk aversion lowers the wholesale price and the retail price, but it may induce the supplier to increase the green level given a large risk tolerance of the supplier. Meanwhile, the risk-averse decentralized GSC may obtain more expected profit than the risk-neutral decentralized GSC. Furthermore, this paper designs a revenue-and-cost-sharing joint contract to coordinate the risk-neutral GSC, and such a contract can improve the risk-averse GSC under specific conditions.
A programmable bispecific nano-immuno-engager promotes T cell homing and reprograms tumour microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Lu , Bo Ruonan , Wu Yi , Li Longmeng , Zhu Zheng , Ma Ai-Hong , Xiao Wenwu , Huang Yanyu , Rojalin Tatu , Yin Xingbin , Wang Yongheng , Zhang Hongyong , Low Kelmen , Lee Kiana , Ajena Yousif , Jing Di , Zhang Dalin , Baehr Chris , Liu Ruiwu , Wang Lei , Li Yuanpei , Lam Kit
Published: November 2021

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized clinical oncology. However, the efficacy of ICB therapy is limited by the ineffective homing of T effector (Teff) cells to tumours and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we report a programmable tumour cells/Teff cells bispecific nano-immuno-engager (NIE) that can circumvent these limitations to improve ICB therapy. We have developed 28 nm non-toxic peptidic micellar nanoparticles (NIE-NPs) that bind α3β1 integrin on tumour cells membrane and undergo in situ transformation on surface of tumour cells into nanofibrillar network (NIE-NFs). The nanofibrillar network persistently facilitates cytotoxic T cells’ homing to the proximity of tumour cells via activatable α4β1 integrin ligands, and also allows sustained release of resiquimod to reprogram the TME. This bispecific NIE eliminates syngeneic 4T1 breast cancer and Lewis lung cancer models in mice, when given together with anti-PD-1 antibody. The in vivo structural transformation-based supramolecular bispecific NIE represents an innovative class of programmable receptor-mediated targeted immunotherapeutics to greatly enhance ICB therapy against cancers.
Rootstock and Nutrient Imbalance Leads to ‘‘Green Spot’’ Development in ‘WA 38’ Apples
Authors: Sallato Bernardita , Whiting Matthew D. , Munguia Juan
Published: November 2021

‘WA 38’ is a new apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivar, released by Washington State University (WSU) in 2017. An unknown disorder, ‘‘green spot’’ (GS), dark green halos in the epidermis, with necrotic, corky, and oxidated cortical tissue underneath the damaged epidermis, leads to unmarketable fruit and has become a threat to the adoption and profitability of ‘WA 38’, with young and mature orchards exhibiting up to 60% incidence in 2020. Given the apparent susceptibility of ‘WA 38’ to GS, this research investigated GS relation with nutrient levels in fruit. Research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in a ‘WA 38’ apple block planted in 2013, on ‘Geneva 41’ (‘G.41’) and ‘M.9-Nic 29’ (‘M.9’) rootstocks. In both years, fruit number per tree, fruit weight, and fruit diameter were evaluated in 18 trees per treatment, from both rootstocks. From each tree, fruit were classified for presence or absence of GS, and subsequently analyzed for nutrient concentration in the peel and in the flesh, nutrient extraction, and total nutrient content, on an individual apple basis. Apples with GS had higher nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) levels in the peel, regardless of year and rootstock. Apples grown on ‘G.41’ rootstock exhibited higher GS incidence and reduced crop load in both years; reduced size and fruit diameter were exhibited only in 2018. Fruit on ‘G.41’ had higher N, potassium (K), and Mg in the flesh and higher N and Mg in the peel, with lower levels of calcium (Ca) in the flesh and peel; however, only in 2018, with no differences in 2019. GS in ‘WA 38’ apples appears to be another Ca-related disorder in which excessive vigor, rootstock, and N and Mg excess are predisposing factors for its development.
Interpersonal trust in adolescents with psychiatric disorders and borderline pathology
Authors: Graves Miana , Penner Francesca , Sharp Carla
Published: November 2021

Background:

Adolescents with features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) may experience deficits in interpersonal trust; however, a simultaneous comparison of interpersonal trust among adolescents with BPD, other psychiatric disorders, and no psychiatric conditions (healthy controls) has never been conducted.

Objective:

The aims of this study were to 1) explore differences in interpersonal trust (emotional trust, honesty beliefs, and reliability beliefs) between these three groups, and 2) examine the incremental value of BPD features in association with interpersonal trust over and above internalizing and externalizing.

Method:

Adolescents (N = 445, 67.9% female, M

age
= 15.13) recruited from two psychiatric hospitals (psychiatric sample, n = 280) and community organizations (healthy sample, n = 165) completed measures of BPD features, interpersonal trust, and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Psychiatric adolescents also completed an interview assessing BPD (n = 83 BPD). ANCOVA and hierarchical linear regression were used for analyses.

Results:

Emotional trust differed significantly across all three groups, with the lowest level of emotional trust in adolescents with BPD. Reliability was also lower in the two psychiatric groups relative to healthy controls. BPD features were significantly, inversely associated with emotional trust and reliability beliefs when controlling for internalizing and externalizing pathology. Post-hoc analyses testing specificity of the three forms of trust found that lower emotional trust predicted BPD diagnosis over and above the other two forms of trust.

Conclusions:

Findings highlight emotional trust as a correlate and important target of intervention for adolescents with BPD, and add to knowledge on interpersonal trust deficits for adolescents with psychiatric disorders more broadly.
Media Permainan Jumanji FlashCard untuk Pembelajaran Fisika SMP Materi Pengukuran
Authors: Marheny Laspri Tri , Hakim Lukman , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to develop a Jumanji flashcard game media for valid and practical media. Research and development methods are used in this study. The research phase starts from potential and problem analysis, data collection phase, product design phase, design validation phase, design revision phase, trial and product revision phase. Interview sheets, questionnaires and documentation obtained research data. Data collection techniques used interview sheets, material expert validation questionnaires, media expert questionnaires and student response questionnaires. The results obtained are the feasibility of the Jumanji flashcard game based on the assessment of material experts with a percentage of 88.67%, media experts 90%, and student responses 92% in the small group trial obtained very good category. Aspects of material validation consist of accuracy, depth and completeness of the material. Aspects of media expert validation consist of function, design and quality of media. Student responses related to the practice of the Jumanji flashcard game media. The Jumanji flashcard game media developed was feasible and could be used in physics learning for junior high school students for measurement.
Potensi Limbah Ampas Teh sebagai Alternatif Material Akustik Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Munifatuzzahroh Ukhti Mutia , Yulianti Ian , Fianti Fianti
Published: November 2021

The research aims to determine the potential of tea waste as an environmentally friendly alternative acoustic material. The acoustic material is made by mixing tea waste powder with fox glue and water, formed, and dried. The acoustic material was made into six samples with different compositions of tea wastes, that were 20 g, 40 g, 60 g, 80 g, 100 g, and 120 g. The value of the effectiveness of noise reduction and the coefficient of sound absorption, both were obtained the most optimum in sample 6 with a composition of 120 g, that were 10.1% and 0.07497 dB. The value of both increases with the increase of the composition of the tea wastes in the acoustic material.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Fisika Berbasis Way of Investigating untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Siswa SMK
Authors: Permatasari Obimita Ika , Trisnawati Demi
Published: November 2021

Process skills are very important in learning. Process skills can be approached by investigating a phenomenon. This research aims to develop way of investigating physics teaching materials to improve students' process skills. This study uses a Research and Development (RD) design. Data collection methods used are tests, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The research sample was taken by purposive sampling. Based on data analysis, it is known that the teaching materials developed are categorized as very valid and suitable for use with an average value of 89.97. The readability of teaching materials is in the good category with a value of 77.88. The process skill gain test in the experimental class of 0.303 is in the medium category, while in the control class of 0.297 is in the low category. Student responses to the developed teaching materials are very good, with an average percentage of 86.65%. The results of this study indicate that way of investigating teaching materials are appropriate to be used in physics learning, especially to improve students' process skills.
Performance assessment of six bias correction methods using observed and RCM data at upper Awash basin, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Tumsa Bekan Chelkeba
Published: November 2021

Selecting a suitable bias correction method is important to provide reliable inputs for evaluation of climate change impact. Their influence was studied by comparing three discharge outputs from the SWAT model. The result after calibration with original RCM indicates that the raw RCM are heavily biased, and lead to streamflow simulation with large biases (NSE = 0.1, R2 = 0.53, MAE = 5.91 mm/°C, and PBIAS = 0.51). Power transformation and linear scaling methods performed best in correcting the frequency-based indices, while the LS method performed best in terms of the time series-based indices (NSE = 0.87, R2 = 0.78, MAE = 3.14 mm/°C, PBIAS = 0.24) during calibration. Meanwhile, daily translation was underestimating simulated streamflow compared with observed and was considered as the least performing method. The precipitation correction method has higher visual influence than temperature, and its performance in streamflow simulations was consistent and considerable. Power transformation and variance scaling showed highly qualified performance compared to others with indicated time series values (NSE = 0.92, R2 = 0.88, MAE = 1.58 mm/°C and PBIAS = 0.12) during calibration and validation of streamflow. Hence, PT and VARI were the dominant methods to remove bias from RCM models at Akaki River basin.
Pd-catalyst Anchored on Schiff Base-modified Chitosan-CNT Nanohybrid for the Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Joo Seong-Ryu , Kim Seung-Hoi , Shin Ueon Sang , Kim Han-Sem
Published: November 2021

A novel Pd-nanoparticle-catalyst supported on chitosan-pyridine-modified carbon
nanotube (CNT) was prepared. The obtained Pd-catalytic platform (Pd@CS-Py@CNT)
was fully characterized and employed to the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction as a
heterogeneous catalyst, showing an excellent catalytic activity in aqueous media in the
absence of phase transfer agents. Moreover, the easy recoverability and reusability of the
catalytic system after a simple manipulation is a great benefit.
Cybercrime and subculture of cybercriminals
Authors: Kotukh Yevgen V. , Kislov Denis V. , Yarovoi Tykhon S. , Kotsiuba Ruslana O. , Bondarenko Oleksandr H.
Published: November 2021

Unlike traditional types of crime, such as murder or theft, that have a long history, cybercrime is a relatively young phenomenon and a new one that emerged with the advent of the Internet. It should be noted that the very nature of the Internet is quite favourable for committing crimes. Its properties such as globality, cross-border nature, the anonymity of users, wide audience coverage, distribution of main network nodes, and their interchangeability create advantages for cybercriminals who use the Internet at all stages of crime and also allow them to effectively hide from law enforcement agencies. An important aspect of cybercrime that contributes to its spread and hinders the fight against it is the subculture of cybercriminals. This subculture needs to be given special attention, so this issue is discussed in detail in the article. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to analyse cybercrime as one of the youngest types of crime in the modern world. The history of the emergence of cybercrime and cyber-security was considered, the types of cybercrime were characterized, and the functions of cybercrime were analysed.
Gendered aspects of distress migration: Taking note of Rohingya voices
Authors: Digidiki Vasileia , Bhabha Jacqueline
Published: November 2021

A qualitative study conducted among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh provides empirical confirmation of two types of adverse consequence that frequently occur following distress migration: harsh and exclusionary host state policies, and exacerbation of power inequities (and related abuse) within the refugee community. This article describes research that explored the circumstances of female Rohingya refugees living in the Cox’s Bazar refugee camps in Bangladesh after fleeing genocidal violence in Myanmar. The refugees describe harsh gendered aspects of their forced displacement, including limited access to needed protection and services as well as intra-community hardships exacerbated by the impact of displacement and segregation. Both sets of outcomes constitute preventable human rights violations that require redress.
Understanding the Dynamics of Self-discrepancy Formation of Self-injurious Adolescents: A Case Study of Self-injury
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Abdul , Wicaksono Banyu
Published: November 2021

How the self-discrepancy of self-injurious adolescents was formed is yet to be understood clearly. Several studies have clearly stated that self-discrepancy contributes to propel adolescents to injure themselves. This study attempted to understand the dynamics of self-discrepancy formation in the sample of late adolescents who self-injure. This study used a descriptive qualitative research method and case study approach to examine this phenomenon. Data were obtained from six participants, using an open-ended questionnaire, which asks about how self-discrepancy in the participants was formed. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes that indicate how self-discrepancy was formed. The result showed that ten significant themes emerge in the self-discrepancy formation of self-injurious adolescents. Two factors contribute to form self-discrepancy among adolescents who self-injure: external dan internal. These factors are achieved from the familial and social interaction that are perceived negatively by the participants. Based on the results of this study, self-discrepancies in adolescent self-injurers should be considered when intervening in self-injurious adolescents.
Relationship Between Child-Mother Secure Attachment Style and Violence in Adolescent Romantic Relationship
Authors: Muhammad Zarra Janna , Ayriza Yulia
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to assess the correlation between the secure attachment style of child-mother and violence in adolescents’ romantic relationships. A quantitative approach with a correlational method is used in this research. The subject in this study were 408 adolescents aged 18-22 years who were in romantic relationships and lives in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data collection method used in this study is the questionnaire method with the instrument used are the IPVAS-R scale and IPPA-M scale. Both scales used convergent validity with correlations of 0,18-0,78. Then the two scales were re-validated by expert judgement. Reliability for the IPVAS-R was 0,76, and the IPPA-M was 0,87. The data analysis used a non-parametric correlation test. The research results showed a negative correlation between child-mother secure attachment style and dating violence with r=-0,221 and α= 0,000 (p<0,01). The higher the secure attachment style between child and mother, the lower the violence in romantic relationships.
The alternative Kirchhoff approximation in elastodynamics with applications in ultrasonic nondestructive testing
Authors: Fradkin Larissa , Djakou Audrey Kamta , Prior Chris , Darmon Michel , Chatillon Sylvain , Calmon Pierre
Published: November 2021

The Kirchhoff approximation is widely used to describe the scatter of elastodynamic waves. It simulates the scattered field as the convolution of the free-space Green’s tensor with the geometrical elastodynamics approximation to the total field on the scatterer surface and, therefore, cannot be used to describe nongeometrical phenomena, such as head waves. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that an alternative approximation, the convolution of the far-field asymptotics of the Lamb’s Green’s tensor with incident surface tractions, has no such limitation. This is done by simulating the scatter of a critical Gaussian beam of transverse motions from an infinite plane. The results are of interest in ultrasonic nondestructive testing.
doi:10.1017/S1446181120000036
Uso sustentable de productos forestales no maderables en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana: Una oportunidad para el desarrollo armónico
Authors: Malagón Omar
Published: November 2021

En el mundo actual, aún en medio de una pandemia que asoló a la humanidad, y a los graves problemas ambientales que se avecinan, es urgente la búsqueda de opciones para el desarrollo sustentable de todo el complejo humano. Las respuestas pasan por revalorizar la funcionalidad ecosistémica de los bosques y por buscar alternativas para generar un desarrollo basado en una bioeconomía sustentable.
Determining conditions for best pollen quality of red-purple tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) germplasm
Authors: Sotomayor Andrea , Merino Jorge , Viera William
Published: November 2021

The germination and viability of pollen are characteristics required for fecundation when individuals of different or the same species are crossed. For this reason, assessing these parameters in selected individuals to be used in breeding programs will increase the chances for the obtainment of new progeny. In this study, pollen from different accessions of the red-purple tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) was used: local cultivar (Morado Puntón), two commercial varieties (Large Red and Oratia Red) and six segregants [(Solanum unilobum x Solanum betaceum) x Solanum betaceum]. Three types of flowers were taken (A-day of anthesis, B-one day after anthesis, and C-two days after anthesis). The pollen was conserved in two temperatures (4° and 22° C) and four storage times (0, 5, 10, 20 days). The percentage of germination and pollen viability of the selected individuals were evaluated. It was observed that the commercial materials showed higher germination percentages than the segregants in flower A and B at a temperature of 4 ° C at all storage times, except for the segregants GT7P47 and GT7P48 at the same temperature on day 0. In addition, high percentages of viability were obtained both in flowers A and B, at both temperatures and at all storage times. However, the immediate use of pollen after it is collected is recommended because better germination is achieved. This study is helpful to improve breeding procedures in the initial stages of directed crosses.
Perfil bacteriano del shock séptico en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de la altitud del seguro social del Perú.
Authors: Tinoco-Solórzano Amilcar , Chumbes Perez Jorge , Molano Franco Daniel , Luis Vélez-Páez Jorge , Viruez Soto Antonio
Published: November 2021

Conocer el perfil bacteriano del shock séptico permitirá una adecuada elección de antibióticos empíricos. Objetivos: a) Describir el perfil bacteriano del shock séptico en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de la altitud. b) Conocer la localización de los cultivos positivos. c) Identificar la sensibilidad y el mecanismo de resistencia bacteriana. d) Encontrar diferencias de los perfiles bacterianos de la altitud. Estudio retrospectivo transversal. Realizado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos a 3,250 “msnm”. Se incluyeron los cultivos positivos y antibiogramas de residentes de la altitud con shock séptico extraídos antes del inicio de los antibióticos durante 7 años. 1,212 muestras. Escherichia coli (18.48%). Las bacterias gramnegativas presentaron sensibilidad para colistina (94-99%) el principal mecanismo de resistencia fue betalactamasa de espectro extendido (43-91%). Staphylococcus aureus (22.19%). Las bacterias grampositivas presentaron sensibilidad para tigecilina, linezolid (100%) y vancomicina (36-100%) el principal mecanismo de resistencia fue ampicilina/sulbactam resistente productor de betalactamasa (50-97%) y meticilino resistente (87-100%). En Conclusión. - a) Escherichia coli la gramnegativa más frecuente y Staphylococcus aureus el grampositivo. b) El cultivo más frecuente provenía del tracto respiratorio inferior. c) De las gramnegativas, Pseudomona aeruginosa mostro elevada sensibilidad para colistina, el resto también para tigecilina. El mecanismo de resistencia más frecuente fue betalactamasa de espectro extendido. Las Bacterias grampositivas tienen una elevada sensibilidad para tigecilina, linezolid y vancomicina. Su mecanismo de resistencia más frecuente fue ampicilina/sulbactam resistente. d) No encontramos diferencias de los perfiles bacterianos informados en la altitud. Recomendamos confirmar los resultados de sensibilidad “in vitro” de Tigeciclina.
Efecto de la aplicación de Azospirillum sp. y Azotobacter sp. sobre el crecimiento y productividad de kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum)
Authors: Vivanco-Galván Oscar , Carrión Danny , Capa-Mora Daniel
Published: November 2021

El uso de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (BPCV), es considerada como una alternativa para sustituir los fertilizantes químicos, ya que favorece la productividad de las especies vegetales. El presente estudio evalúo el efecto de BPCV de los géneros Azospirillum sp. y Azotobacter sp. en el cultivo del Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyo), sobre altura de la planta, largo máximo de la hoja, largo de raíces, biomasa fresca y proteína total. La aplicación de las bacterias se realizó periódicamente sobre el cultivo, la primera inoculación fue luego del arado del terreno y posterior a ello cada 15 días, hasta el día 45. Los resultados muestran que Azospirillum sp. y Azotobacter sp. influyeron sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de kikuyo. La aplicación de Azospirillium sp. mostró un incremento significativo en kikuyo sobre los parámetros altura de la planta y el largo de raíz, mientras Azotobacter sp. en la producción de biomasa fresca, largo de raíz y proteína total, por lo cual el uso de estos microorganismos benéficos podría ser de gran importancia en las actividades de producción de pasto para la ganadería, además de ser una alternativa para reducir el uso de productos químicos, con lo que se contribuiría a un mejor manejo de cultivos y al cuidado del medio ambiente.
Economía agroecológica en una comuna rural del sur del Ecuador
Authors: Prado Guido , Sarango-Salazar Janeth , Herrera Zoila , Capa-Mora Daniel , Padilla Alex , Benítez Ángel
Published: November 2021

La producción agrícola y pecuaria en las comunidades rurales contribuyen de manera relevante en el crecimiento económico y la seguridad alimentaria de un país. Los huertos son espacios clave para la producción como para el aporte a la recuperación de los recursos naturales, cuando se trabaja con un enfoque agroecológico. Se evaluó los cambios en la economía familiar de la Comuna Indivisa de Chinchanga, ubicada entre los cantones de Calvas y Sozoranga de la provincia de Loja, bajo la intervención de organizaciones públicas y privadas durante el período 2006-2016. Se realizaron 169 encuestas dirigidas a jefes/as de hogar relacionadas con el ingreso, egreso y rentabilidad mensual de las familias. Los resultados señalaron un incrementó en el ingreso familiar en un 84.82% y la rentabilidad en 137.22% por la venta de sus nuevos productos agropecuarios y productos de ciclo corto. Además, se evidenció cambios significativos en los ingresos y rentabilidad entre los dos periodos relacionado con la diversificación de la producción agrícola y huertos familiares. La educación influyó en la economía familiar de esta comuna, dado que las personas con mayores ingresos, son los que han cursado un nivel secundario.
Crowdsourcing for Machine Learning in Public Health Surveillance: Lessons Learned From Amazon Mechanical Turk
Authors: Shakeri Hossein Abad Zahra , Butler Gregory P , Thompson Wendy , Lee Joon
Published: November 2021

Background

Crowdsourcing services, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT), allow researchers to use the collective intelligence of a wide range of web users for labor-intensive tasks. As the manual verification of the quality of the collected results is difficult because of the large volume of data and the quick turnaround time of the process, many questions remain to be explored regarding the reliability of these resources for developing digital public health systems.

Objective

This study aims to explore and evaluate the application of crowdsourcing, generally, and AMT, specifically, for developing digital public health surveillance systems.

Methods

We collected 296,166 crowd-generated labels for 98,722 tweets, labeled by 610 AMT workers, to develop machine learning (ML) models for detecting behaviors related to physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep quality among Twitter users. To infer the ground truth labels and explore the quality of these labels, we studied 4 statistical consensus methods that are agnostic of task features and only focus on worker labeling behavior. Moreover, to model the meta-information associated with each labeling task and leverage the potential of context-sensitive data in the truth inference process, we developed 7 ML models, including traditional classifiers (offline and active), a deep learning–based classification model, and a hybrid convolutional neural network model.

Results

Although most crowdsourcing-based studies in public health have often equated majority vote with quality, the results of our study using a truth set of 9000 manually labeled tweets showed that consensus-based inference models mask underlying uncertainty in data and overlook the importance of task meta-information. Our evaluations across 3 physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep quality data sets showed that truth inference is a context-sensitive process, and none of the methods studied in this paper were consistently superior to others in predicting the truth label. We also found that the performance of the ML models trained on crowd-labeled data was sensitive to the quality of these labels, and poor-quality labels led to incorrect assessment of these models. Finally, we have provided a set of practical recommendations to improve the quality and reliability of crowdsourced data.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate the importance of the quality of crowd-generated labels in developing ML models designed for decision-making purposes, such as public health surveillance decisions. A combination of inference models outlined and analyzed in this study could be used to quantitatively measure and improve the quality of crowd-generated labels for training ML models.
Digital Health Paradox: International Policy Perspectives to Address Increased Health Inequalities for People Living With Disabilities
Authors: van Kessel Robin , Hrzic Rok , O'Nuallain Ella , Weir Elizabeth , Wong Brian Li Han , Anderson Michael , Baron-Cohen Simon , Mossialos Elias
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the uptake of digital health worldwide and highlighted many benefits of these innovations. However, it also stressed the magnitude of inequalities regarding accessing digital health. Using a scoping review, this article explores the potential benefits of digital technologies for the global population, with particular reference to people living with disabilities, using the autism community as a case study. We ultimately explore policies in Sweden, Australia, Canada, Estonia, the United Kingdom, and the United States to learn how policies can lay an inclusive foundation for digital health systems. We conclude that digital health ecosystems should be designed with health equity at the forefront to avoid deepening existing health inequalities. We call for a more sophisticated understanding of digital health literacy to better assess the readiness to adopt digital health innovations. Finally, people living with disabilities should be positioned at the center of digital health policy and innovations to ensure they are not left behind.
Security Engineering of Patient-Centered Health Care Information Systems in Peer-to-Peer Environments: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Abdullahi Yari Imrana , Dehling Tobias , Kluge Felix , Geck Juergen , Sunyaev Ali , Eskofier Bjoern
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Patient-centered health care information systems (PHSs) enable patients to take control and become knowledgeable about their own health, preferably in a secure environment. Current and emerging PHSs use either a centralized database, peer-to-peer (P2P) technology, or distributed ledger technology for PHS deployment. The evolving COVID-19 decentralized Bluetooth-based tracing systems are examples of disease-centric P2P PHSs. Although using P2P technology for the provision of PHSs can be flexible, scalable, resilient to a single point of failure, and inexpensive for patients, the use of health information on P2P networks poses major security issues as users must manage information security largely by themselves.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify the inherent security issues for PHS deployment in P2P networks and how they can be overcome. In addition, this study reviews different P2P architectures and proposes a suitable architecture for P2P PHS deployment.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) reporting guidelines. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. We searched the following databases: IEEE Digital Library, PubMed, Science Direct, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar. The search was conducted on articles published between 2008 and 2020. The Common Vulnerability Scoring System was used as a guide for rating security issues.

RESULTS

Our findings are consolidated into 8 key security issues associated with PHS implementation and deployment on P2P networks and 7 factors promoting them. Moreover, we propose a suitable architecture for P2P PHSs and guidelines for the provision of PHSs while maintaining information security.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the clear advantages of P2P PHSs, the absence of centralized controls and inconsistent views of the network on some P2P systems have profound adverse impacts in terms of security. The security issues identified in this study need to be addressed to increase patients’ intention to use PHSs on P2P networks by making them safe to use.
Implementing Automated Text Messaging for Patient Self-management in the Veterans Health Administration: Qualitative Study Applying the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability Framework (Preprint)
Authors: Yakovchenko Vera , McInnes D Keith , Petrakis Beth Ann , Gillespie Chris , Lipschitz Jessica M , McCullough Megan B , Richardson Lorilei , Vetter Brian , Hogan Timothy P
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is deploying an automated texting system (aTS) to support patient self-management.

OBJECTIVE

We conducted a qualitative evaluation to examine factors influencing national rollout of the aTS, guided by the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework, which is intended to support the evaluation of novel technologies.

METHODS

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 33 staff and 38 patients who were early adopters of the aTS. Data were analyzed following deductive and inductive approaches using a priori codes and emergent coding based on the NASSS.

RESULTS

We identified themes across NASSS domains: (1) Condition: The aTS was considered relevant for a range of patient needs; however, perceptions of patient suitability were guided by texting experience and clinical complexity rather than potential benefits. (2) Technology: Onboarding of the aTS presented difficulty and the staff had different opinions on incorporating patient-generated data into care planning. (3) Value: Supply-side value relied on the flexibility of the aTS and its impact on staff workload whereas demand-side value was driven by patient perceptions of the psychological and behavioral impacts of the aTS. (4) Adopters: Limited clarity on staff roles and responsibilities presented challenges in incorporating the aTS into clinical processes. (5) Organization: Staff were willing to try the aTS; however, perceptions of leadership support and clinic readiness hindered usage. (6) Wider system: Staff focused on enhancing aTS interoperability with the electronic medical record. (7) Embedding and adaptation over time: The interplay of aTS versatility, patient and staff demands, and broader societal changes in preferences for communicating health information facilitated aTS implementation.

CONCLUSIONS

VHA’s new aTS has the potential to further engage patients and expand the reach of VHA care; however, patients and staff require additional support to adopt, implement, and sustain the aTS. The NASSS highlighted how the aTS can be better embedded into current practices, which patients might benefit most from its functionality, and which aspects of aTS messages are most relevant to self-management.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03898349; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03898349
Machine Learning Based IoT Geriatric Fall Intelligent System in Pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: R Gowri , R Rathipriya
Published: November 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

In the current pandemic, there is lack of medical care takers and physicians in hospitals and health centers. The patients other than COVID infected are also affected by this scenario. Besides, the hospitals are also not admitting the old age peoples, and they are scared to approach hospitals even for their basic health checkups. But, they have to be cared and monitored to avoid the risk factors like fall incidence which may cause fatal injury. In such a case, this paper focuses on the cloud based IoT gadget for early fall incidence prediction. It is machine learning based fall incidence prediction system for the old age patients. The approaches such as Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Stochastic Gradient Descent, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbor and ensemble learning boosting techniques, i.e., XGBoost are used for fall incidence prediction. The proposed approach is first tested on the benchmark activity sensor data with different features for training purpose. The real-time vital signs like heart rate, blood pressure are recorded and stored in cloud and the machine learning approaches are applied to it. Then tested on the real-time sensor data like heart rate and blood pressure data of geriatric patients to predict early fall.
Korea Mobile Healthcare National Program on Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (Preprint)
Authors: Han Hyun Wook , Yang Sun-Young , Yoon Sung Soo , Lee Sang Jun , Oh Yumi , Kim Minsu , Cho Yoonjung , Kim Dong Jin , Yu Eunjung , Lee Sugeol , Nam Sangmin
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Following the confirmation of the effect of the pilot of the Korea Mobile Healthcare National Program in 2016, the program has been conducted annually since 2018 to improve the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. However, since this implementation began, the program has not been evaluated.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the results of the Korea Mobile Healthcare National Program in 2018 and 2019.

METHODS

Health behavior of participants with risk factors for metabolic syndrome were managed using a mobile app for 24 weeks and feedback was provided. Paired t-test and chi squared test were used for comparing results before and after 24 weeks.

RESULTS

Of the 8,712 participants enrolled in 2018, 7,619 completed the 24 weeks program while 10,990 of the 12,447 participants enrolled in 2019 completed the program. After the program, over 60% participants had improvement in one or more risk factors (63.09% in 2018, 65.85% in 2019). There was a statistically significant improvement in the proportion of participants who had each risk factor (blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and waist circumference) in both 2018 and 2019 (p < .001). The average value of each risk factor also improved in a positive direction.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed that the Korea Mobile Healthcare National Program may contribute to improvement in the risk factors for metabolic syndrome.