bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Rubber Dam Use among Tunisian Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fejjeri Meriem , Mezghanni Ahmed , Jaafoura Sabra , Bellali Hedia
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context:

Despite its undeniable advantages, the rubber dam (RD) is still struggling to claim its rightful place as the most effective used isolation tool in endodontics. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of RD use during endodontic treatment and to identify factors associated with its use by Tunisian dentists.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted. An online Google Form was emailed to a sample of Tunisian dentists, randomly selected from the National Dental Council register. It contains 33 questions divided into five parts: demographic characteristics, general endodontic practice, clinical applications of RD, reasons for not using RD, and alternative methods. The sample size, comprising 300 dentists, was calculated considering a previous prevalence. Chi-square/Fisher exact tests and t test have been used to investigate factors influencing RD use. For the multivariable analysis, we used binary logistic regression.

Results:

Among the 174 respondents, 56.3% were women, with a mean age of 37.7 ± 6.6 years. Seventy-three percent did not have postgraduate training on RD placement. Seventy-one percent reported never using RD for root canal treatments (RCTs) during undergraduate study. Forty-four percent used it with variable frequencies. In the univariable analysis, the number of RCTs per week, years of experience, duration of endodontic sessions, age, pre-endodontic buildup, and undergraduate training were associated with RD use. In the logistic regression, the duration of endodontic sessions [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.053; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.023–1.083; P < 10−3] and the undergraduate training (adjusted OR = 4.625; 95% CI = [1.88–11.378]; P = 0.001) were associated with RD use.

Conclusion:

The use of RD by Tunisian dentists during endodontic procedures is not common. RD application is associated with the duration of the endodontic session and the undergraduate training. Greater emphasis should be placed on the application of RD at dental school and in clinical practice through continuous dental education programs.
Poor Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Frailty Among PLWHIV: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Santos-Lins Larissa Souza , Santos Monah Sampaio , Amaral Sávio , Alves Carlos Roberto Brites , Lins-Kusterer Liliane
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims:

This study aimed to explore the association between frailty and pre-frailty in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV), focusing on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 184 PLWHIV. Frailty status was assessed using Fried’s frailty criteria, categorizing participants as robust, pre-frail, or frail. The oral health profile was evaluated using the World Health Organization and European Association of Public Dental Health criteria. OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), while HRQoL was measured using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2). Descriptive statistics were calculated, and associations were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and one-way ANOVA, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

The pre-frail and frail PLWHIV groups reported significantly lower HRQoL scores across all domains compared to the robust group. Additionally, robust PLWHIV exhibited better oral health outcomes, with higher mean OHIP-14 scores (P = 0.005), attributed to fewer missing teeth (P = 0.019) and a higher number of filled teeth (P = 0.031). The total OHIP-14 score showed a moderate negative correlation with various SF-36v2 domains, particularly in the pre-frail and frail groups. Specifically, physical pain and physical disability subdomains of HRQoL were most affected by poorer OHRQoL.

Conclusions:

Frail and pre-frail PLWHIV demonstrated significantly poorer OHRQoL compared to robust PLWHIV, with a particular impact on physical pain and physical disability. A negative correlation between OHRQoL and HRQoL was evident, especially in the frail and pre-frail groups, highlighting the interrelationship between oral health and overall well-being in this population. Clinically, this suggests that improving OHRQoL could be an essential component of healthcare for frail and pre-frail PLWHIV, as enhancing oral health may positively influence their general health outcomes. Targeted interventions to manage frailty and improve oral health are needed to enhance both OHRQoL and HRQoL in this vulnerable group.
Influence of Ferrule Design and Occlusal Thickness on the Fracture Resistance and Failure Patterns of Zirconia Endocrowns
Authors: Panda Subhendu Kumar , Patro Tapan Kumar , Dhal Angurbala , Garhnayak Lokanath , Kumar Ullash , Pattanaik Nagen Ray
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Zirconia endocrowns are a popular restorative option due to their fracture resistance and aesthetic appeal, but the influence of different preparation designs on their performance remains underexplored. This study evaluated the effects of preparation design and the occlusal thickness on the fracture strength and failure modes of zirconia endocrowns in endodontically treated teeth.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-two extracted human mandibular first molars were endodontically treated and divided into four groups (n = 8), based on margin design and occlusal thickness: Group A: 2 mm butt joint with 3 mm occlusal thickness, Group B: 1 mm butt joint with 4 mm occlusal thickness, Group C: 2 mm ferrule with 3 mm occlusal thickness, and Group D: 1 mm ferrule with 4 mm occlusal thickness. Zirconia endocrowns were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and cemented with self-adhesive resin cement. The specimens were subjected to thermocycling and then tested for fracture strength using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

Group B showed the highest mean fracture strength (6655.66 N), followed by Group D at 6091.00 N. Group C exhibited the lowest fracture strength (4867.41 N), although the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.121). Type V failure was the most common failure mode across all groups, with 100% occurrence in both 2 mm margin groups (Groups A and C).

Conclusion:

Margin design and occlusal thickness appeared to influence the fracture strength and failure modes of zirconia endocrowns; the differences were not significant.
The Effectiveness of Self-Care in Diabetics on Self-Insulin Administration and Behavioral Markers Among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Selvarajan Ochappan , Rajendran Kannan , Perdita A. Helen Mary
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term, progressive metabolic disease that is primarily caused by an absolute type 1 diabetes or relative type 2 diabetes, which lacks the hormone insulin. Diabetes education is essential, but patients must fully realize its benefits through action or self-care activities.

Objectives:

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of self-care in diabetics on self-insulin administration and behavioral markers among adolescents with type I diabetes.

Methods:

This study adopted quantitative research methodology, utilizing a true experimental research design with pretest and post-test phases. Power analysis was used to calculate the study sample of 105 per group. The total sample size of the study is 210; the experimental group consists of 105 members, while the control group consists of 105 members. The study was conducted from 21.12.2022 till 22.03.2023. We assessed insulin administration knowledge through a self-structured questionnaire and level of depression by using the WHO Wellbeing Scale. Levels of anxiety were measured by using the Hospital anxiety and depression scale. After the intervention, post-test 1 was conducted at the end of 13 weeks and post-test 2 was conducted after 25 weeks.

Results:

The study revealed a significant difference in the scores for insulin administration, depression, and anxiety levels between the pretest, post-test 1, and post-test 2 in the experimental group (P < 0.001). In contrast, the control group showed no statistical differences across these time points.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that self-care in diabetics successfully improved the knowledge of insulin administration, reduced anxiety levels, and decreased depression in adolescents diagnosed with type I diabetes.
Triglyceride-Glucose Index and its Relationship to Erectile Dysfunction in Subjects without Heart Disease
Authors: Jayaram Sudeep , Santhosh S , Vaidya Nikhil , Bakerywala Arifa , Anadkat Harsh , Shaikh Heena
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study primarily focused on evaluating the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in patients experiencing erectile dysfunction (ED) and examining its potential role as a predictive tool in diagnosing ED.

Materials and Methods:

The study involved a cohort of 50 patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, forming the study group, alongside 50 individuals exhibiting normal sexual function, who served as the control group. The assessment of erectile function was conducted using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire. All participants underwent the calculation of the TyG index.

Results:

The examination indicated that there were no notable disparities between the two groups regarding smoking rates, alcohol intake, or measurements of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, haemoglobin, creatinine levels, and leukocyte and platelet counts. Individuals experiencing erectile dysfunction were found to be older and exhibited significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, and the TyG index compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

I n patients with erectile dysfunction, the TyG index—a simple test for insulin resistance (IR) —was found to be predictive.
Assessing the Role of Clinicopathologic Factors in Outcome Prediction in Subjects Having Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Associated with Human Papillomavirus and Managed with Surgery
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Sandhu Rameet , Upadhyay Ritesh , Aggarwal Aanchal , Rela Rathi , Karthik Sahana
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked as a potential risk factor for increasing incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Aim:

The present study aimed to evaluate the role of clinicopathologic factors in outcome prediction in subjects having oropharyngeal carcinoma associated with HPV and managed with surgery.

Methods:

The present retrospective study assessed data from 54 subjects that were diagnosed with stage III or IV HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma were managed with surgery with or without adjuvant therapy.

Results:

The mean follow-up duration in the study subjects was 2.7 years. The recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates [age, number of lymph nodes involved, stage of tumor, and Charleston comorbidity index] in the study subjects were 83% and 71% and 62% and 79%, respectively. The recurrence rate in the study was found to be 21%.

Conclusion:

The conclusion drawn from the present study is that some associated potential risk factors can have lesser relevance in HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma.
Assessment of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Surgically Treated Oral Cancer Patients after Prosthetic Rehabilitation
Authors: Kumari Rakhi , Raman Nikita , Kumar Amit , Tamanna Humaira Jabeen , Anjali  , Gangadharappa Praveen
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Surgical removal of oral cancer results in tissue abnormalities, deformities, and reduced mobility; these problems can lead to esthetic disturbance, dysphagia, dysarthria, and masticatory dysfunction affecting oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Aim:

Research was conducted to evaluate OHRQoL in surgically treated oral cancer patients after prosthetic rehabilitation.

Methods and Materials:

A total of 120 patients who underwent surgical resection for oral cancer were assessed in this research. Two dentists who were skilled maxillofacial prosthetists handled the maxillofacial prosthesis therapy. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), which consists of seven subscales, was incorporated to evaluate OHRQoL.

Results:

The overall OHIP score after prosthodontic and endodontic treatment was significantly lower as compared to pre-treatment OHIP score indicating improvement in overall OHRQoL in surgically treated oral cancer patients.

Conclusion:

There is a significant improvement in OHRQoL in surgically managed patients of oral cancer after prosthetic rehabilitation.
Comparative Assessment of Microleakage in Various Bulkfill Flowable Composites: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Arya Aishwarya , Gill Bobbin , Bishnoi Nirmala , Vishwanadulwar Dishanki , Lakhani Dron , Bhatnagar Aishwarya
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objectives:

To evaluate microleakage among three bulkfill flowable composites and a conventional packable composite.

Material and Methods:

60 extracted molars were selected and randomly divided into four groups of 15 teeth each (Group A-Control group; G-Aenial, Group B-SDR Plus, Group C-Tetric EvoFlow, Group D-EverX Flow Bulkfill flowable composite). MO and DO cavities of specified dimensions were prepared with margins 1 mm below CEJ. Restorations in Group A were placed incrementally while in Groups B, C and D were bulkfilled (4 mm) followed by a capping layer of G-Aenial. The teeth were immersed in 1% methylene blue dye, sectioned mesiodistally and observed under stereomicroscope.

Result:

Group B showed the least microleakage followed by Groups A, C, and D, respectively. The difference between both restoration techniques was insignificant.

Conclusion:

All the bulkfill flowable composites and incrementally placed composite resulted in a comparable reduction of microleakage.
To Study the Impact of the Establishment of a Forensic Skills Lab to Enhance Medico-legal Skills among Students of MBBS Phase 3
Authors: Sutay Seema S. , Mangeshkar Anil , Gupta Mahesh , Kadam Madhav S. , Mourya Arjun , Usharani Dussa , Chourishi Ashutosh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

: Concerning the link of training via clinical skills practice and skills labs, based on focus, examination shows specific learning incentives to attain practical and theoretical knowledge or manual skills practice.

Aim:

To assess the impact of establishment of forensic skills labs to enhance medicolegal skills among students of MBBS phase 3.

Methods:

The present study assessed 120 MBBS students. DOPS teaching method was used along with medicolegal practical skills via FMSL in MMBS phase 3 after a pretest with subjects divided into two groups that were compared, where Group 1 imparted skills and the other group served as control. Students were assessed with OSPE based on skills. The control group was taught via a skills lab, and feedback was taken via questionnaire validation from expert reviewers.

Results:

Concerning statistical significance in practical test scores, court procedure, MMLC, and VISARA were significantly higher in the FMSL method compared to the traditional method with P = 0.0002, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively.

Conclusions:

The present study concludes that the Forensic Medicine Skills lab has given the outcome expected to impart skills to Indian medical graduates and can be recommended to implement in medical education in Indian legal settings.
Role of Socioeconomic Factors in the Pathological Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Rural and Urban Settings
Authors: Raval Abhishek , Jadav Manan , Vora Maulik , Gohil Ritesh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health issue, affecting millions worldwide. The progression of CKD can be influenced by various socioeconomic factors, which may differ between rural and urban settings. This study aims to explore the role of socioeconomic factors in the pathological progression of CKD in these distinct environments.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 500 CKD patients, with 250 from rural areas and 250 from urban areas. Data were collected through structured interviews and medical records, focusing on socioeconomic variables such as income, education, employment status, and access to healthcare services. CKD progression was assessed using estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and proteinuria levels. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple regression models to identify the relationship between socioeconomic factors and CKD progression.

Results:

The study found significant differences in CKD progression between rural and urban settings. In rural areas, lower income (P < 0.01) and limited access to healthcare (P < 0.05) were strongly associated with accelerated CKD progression. In contrast, in urban areas, lower education levels (P < 0.01) and unemployment (P < 0.05) were the primary socioeconomic factors linked to faster CKD progression.

Conclusion:

Socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in the pathological progression of CKD, with distinct patterns observed in rural and urban settings. Addressing these disparities through targeted interventions and policies could improve CKD outcomes and reduce health inequalities.
Efficacy of New Bioceramic Materials in Root Canal Obturation
Authors: Haridas Hasna , Ramachandran Mookambika , Kishore Drishya , Divakar Namitha , Ajay Aswanth , Joseph Sona
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The efficacy of root canal obturation is crucial for the long-term success of endodontic treatments. Recently, bioceramic materials have gained attention due to their superior biological and physical properties compared to traditional materials.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, 60 extracted human teeth with single canals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20) based on the obturation material used: Group A (EndoSequence BC Sealer), Group B (BioRoot RCS), and Group C (Conventional Gutta-Percha with AH Plus Sealer). All canals were prepared using a standardized protocol and obturated using the respective materials. The quality of obturation was assessed using micro-CT analysis, measuring void volume percentage and adaptation to canal walls. Additionally, apical sealing ability was evaluated using a dye penetration test.

Results:

Group A showed a significantly lower void volume percentage (2.1% ±0.3) compared to Group B (3.4% ±0.5) and Group C (5.6% ±0.7) (P < 0.05). Micro-CT analysis revealed better adaptation to canal walls in Group A and Group B compared to Group C. The dye penetration test indicated that Group A had the least apical leakage (0.5 mm ± 0.2), followed by Group B (0.8 mm ± 0.3), and Group C (1.5 mm ± 0.4) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The new bioceramic materials, EndoSequence BC Sealer and BioRoot RCS demonstrated superior performance in root canal obturation compared to the conventional AH Plus Sealer.
To Determine the Role of Human Papillomavirus in Oral Cancer—A Prospective Study
Authors: Zeeshan Mohd , Khan Asim M. , Sibgatullah Md , Jayesh  , Lanke Rama Brahmam , Ramanarayana Boyapati , Singh Vikas
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in several studies pertaining to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the last several decades. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV16 and 18, is the leading cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the neck (SCCHN).

Methodology:

We selected an adequate number of subjects with the same parameters for both the case and the controls based on detailed case histories, specifically taking into account the adverse habits (tobacco in any form and alcohol) that each subject had recorded. The subjects were selected from the Outdoor Patient Department of Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre. Before commencing the experimental procedure, all the subjects had undergone blood examinations (HB%, CT, BT, RBS, HBsAg, HIV). Group 1 consisted of 40 subjects, whereas Group 2 had 20 subjects.

Result:

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play an important role in oral cancer, and this research demonstrated a substantial link between HPV-16 and HPV-18 and the disease. Although this research does not allow us to draw any conclusions about cause and effect, our results are consistent with and even expand upon those of previous case–control studies. The presence of HPV causes molecular damage in cells, thereby resulting in cell proliferation and malignant conversions. Therefore, we can conclude that the human papillomavirus significantly contributes to carcinogenesis.

Conclusion:

Although the current results are based on a limited sample, they provide strong evidence that a larger study of individuals with head and neck cancer is necessary to make firm conclusions.
Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Different Composite Restorative Materials after Thermocycling and Prolonged Immersion in Common Beverages Using Atomic Force Microscopy—In Vitro Study
Authors: Malik Akanksha , Kothari Anjali K. , Dave Riya , Rao Vinay V. , Vyas Kaushal , Agrawal Deep P. , Patel Kishan
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Direct composite restorations face abrupt temperature changes, varying pH, and surface deterioration in the oral environment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides visual and numerical data on surface roughness.

Aim:

This study evaluates and compares the surface roughness of composite restorative materials after simulating oral conditions.

Materials and Methods:

Three composite groups (n = 16 each) were tested. Group A: Microhybrid, Group B: Nanofilled, and Group C: Nanohybrid. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4 each): distilled water (control), black coffee, Coca-Cola, and Red Bull. After thermocycling and immersion, surface roughness was measured using AFM.

Results:

Nanocomposites with uniform monomodal fillers showed the least surface disintegration and superior properties.

Conclusion:

Resin chemistry, including filler size and matrix composition, is crucial for composite properties and performance under function.
The Perception and Attitude of the Use of Robotics Among Medical Students, Rehabilitation Students, Including OT and PT Students and Specialists, and Healthcare Faculty Members
Authors: Aljefiri Mona , Alhabsh Mona , Alabbasi Manar , Aljehani Suad , Somaa Fahad
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics have gained much attention during the last decade in the medical field, and they will probably affect the practice of the next generation of healthcare providers.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire to assess students’ and faculty’s prior knowledge and perceptions of AI and robotics. It was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. The sample of the present study includes 374 participants. Data was collected, processed, and statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Data Editors. The level of statistical significance was assumed to be a P value >0.05, which indicates a non-significant difference.

Results:

Most participants were healthcare students (87%) aged 18–24 (84%). Overall, both students and faculty were moderately familiar with AI and robotics in medicine (30.7% and 31.3%, respectively). Both students and faculty wanted to incorporate AI and robotics into their medical curriculum (63.2% and 81.2%, respectively). They saw AI as already present in the field of surgery (37.4% and 45.8%, respectively) and further implemented in the same field prospectively, too (38.3% and 52.1%, respectively). Many participants believed that AI would only be integrated into healthcare and operated by a specialist (79%); however, the majority still favored the physician’s opinion over AI (63%).

Conclusion:

Most healthcare students and faculty recognize the significance of AI and are excited to engage. AI and robotics should be given ample consideration in the education curriculum by enhancing continual training programs for faculty to conduct AI and robotics courses.
Comprehensive Analysis of Intermittent Fasting on Anthropometric Indices, Glycemic Control, and Serum Insulin Levels in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nair Aparnna Unnikrishnan , Nallathambi Naveenkumar , Yogesh S , Murugesan Lakshmi , Narayanan Harini B. , Ranjan Rajiv , Sivakumar Nithila , Ramamoorthy Lakshiya , Arun K
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Type 2 diabetes significantly impacts socioeconomic conditions, with periods of obesity and insulin resistance preceding diagnosis. Fasting, practiced for millennia, offers the potential to manage and possibly reverse diabetes. This study aims to assess the effects of intermittent fasting on various health indicators in obese type 2 diabetic patients.

Methodology:

Thirty obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled by metformin alone, aged 20-60, were included. They followed a 16:8 intermittent fasting regimen for four weeks. Initial and postintervention measurements included height, weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, and serum insulin. Results were compared using the student t-test.

Results:

After four weeks, significant reductions were observed in anthropometric indices and fasting blood sugar, but no change in serum insulin levels.

Conclusion:

A 16:8 intermittent fasting regimen significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and anthropometric indices in obese type 2 diabetes patients over four weeks, with no effect on serum insulin levels. Larger and longer-term studies are needed to explore long-term effects and mechanisms.
Comparative Evaluation of Coronally Advanced Flap and Vestibular Incision Sub-Periosteal Tunnel Access Technique with Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Gingival Recession Defects- A Clinical Study
Authors: Yadav Nidhi , Singh Manini , Wadhawan Amit , Tyagi Prashant
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:

This study aim to treat gingival recession defects in the anterior and premolar teeth of the maxilla and mandible by comparing two methods the coronally advanced flap (CAF) and the vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA), both of which involve using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).

Materials and Methods:

An age range of 18 to 50 years was examined for the study, which included twenty-four participants. The patients were chosen at random from the Outpatient Department of Periodontology at Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre in Masuri-Ghaziabad, U.P. They were divided into two groups of twelve each, and they were all diagnosed with isolated gingival recession defects on human maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and premolars. Both Group A and Group B had recession defects covered with PRF membranes; however, Group A had a CAF and Group B underwent VISTA. Clinical parameters measured at baseline, 1-month, 3-months, and 6-months postoperative intervals included recession length, recession width, probing depth, width of keratinized tissue, clinical attachment level, and percentage of root coverage.

Result

Both groups demonstrated notable enhancements in clinical parameters. However, the values of Group B were more statistically significant (P < 0.05) by showing a reduction in probing depth, recession length, recession width, clinical attachment level, and gain in width of keratinized tissue, as well as a percentage of root coverage, as compared to Group A.

Conclusion

The VISTA technique was considered a more conservative approach for treating gingival recession defects with PRF membrane that showed good clinical outcomes and better results.
Pulmonary Function Test: A Mainstay for Evaluating Respiratory Health in Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Nehe Sanjay , Taksande Avinash , Ambad Ranjit , Bankar Nandkishor , Obaid Noman
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Despite of millions of people who suffered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, pulmonary functions of these patients are sparsely reflected in the literature. Although few researchers have performed pulmonary function tests to evaluate the respiratory function of COVID-19 patients after recovery from acute illness, the sample size was too limited. The present study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital with an aim to determine pulmonary functions of COVID-19 patients recovered from acute illness.

Methods:

A total of 250 COVID-19 patients who recovered from acute illness were included in the study. Pulmonary function test of these patients was performed; the indices of PFT studied included, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio.

Results:

Even after >3 months of recovery from the COVID-19 acute illness, patients had respiratory complaints like cough and shortness of breath. These convalescent patients also reported to have certain psychological issues like feeling of loneliness, fear, anxiety, and depression. It was noted that all the respiratory parameters of patients even after >3 months of recovery from the COVID-19 acute illness were compromised.

Conclusion:

The pulmonary functions of the patients recovered from COVID-19 infection should be evaluated before discharge of the patient from hospital followed by periodic evaluation post discharge, so that necessary therapeutic interventions can be initiated. Breathing exercises and pranayama can augment the better outcome of these patients. Pulmonary function tests are not only recommended but also are necessary for monitoring of patients who have recovered from COVID-19 infection.
Perceptions of Dentists in India Towards Transgender Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sidhu Logesh , Ragavane Priyadharshini , Chandrasekaran Priyanga , Pauljoseph Angeline Hephzibah , Ashika Kavi , Raj Vasanth
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Transgender individuals face significant stigma and discrimination in healthcare, leading to adverse health outcomes. This study investigates the perceptions of dentists in India towards transgender patients.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study collected data from 143 licensed practicing dentists in India using a 9-item structured questionnaire distributed via online forms from November 2023 to January 2024. The questionnaire assessed dentists’ perceptions, comfort levels, and educational background regarding transgender healthcare.

Results:

The sample included 62.9% female and 37.1% male dentists, predominantly early-career practitioners. Only 32.2% had treated transgender patients, and 25.2% had received specific training in transgender health issues. Despite limited experience and training, 71.3% of dentists expressed a willingness to treat transgender patients, and 84% recognized the societal benefits of acknowledging transgender identities as natural. Additionally, 87.4% supported the inclusion of LGBTQ patients in healthcare. Significant barriers were noted, with many respondents acknowledging problematic attitudes among healthcare staff towards transgender individuals.

Conclusions:

The study highlights positive attitudes among dentists towards transgender patients, despite substantial gaps in training and experience. Addressing these gaps through targeted education and sensitization programs is crucial for fostering an inclusive healthcare environment. Future research should focus on longitudinal assessments and the effectiveness of educational interventions to enhance knowledge and attitudes toward transgender healthcare.
Low-Level Laser-Aided Orthodontic Treatment of Periodontally Compromised Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mangalekar Sachin B. , Jayanti Ipsita , Tiwari Anurag , Saxena Shobhit , Ajith Abhijith , Vashisht Arun , Pattnaik Naina
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Periodontal disease can complicate orthodontic treatment, presenting challenges in maintaining both periodontal health and achieving desired orthodontic outcomes. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has emerged as a potential adjunctive treatment to enhance periodontal healing and facilitate orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 periodontally compromised patients (mean age: 35 years). Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, receiving LLLT in conjunction with standard orthodontic treatment, or the control group, receiving standard orthodontic treatment alone. The primary outcomes measured were changes in periodontal indices, tooth movement rate, and patient-reported pain levels. LLLT was applied at a wavelength of 810 nm with an energy density of 5 J/cm² for 10 min per session, twice weekly for 8 weeks.

Results:

The experimental group showed a significant improvement in periodontal indices, with a mean reduction in probing depth of 2.3 mm compared to 1.2 mm in the control group (P < 0.05). The rate of orthodontic tooth movement was faster in the LLLT group, with an average of 1.5 mm/month versus 1.0 mm/month in the control group (P < 0.01). Additionally, patient-reported pain levels were significantly lower in the LLLT group, with an average pain score reduction of 3.2 on a 10-point scale compared to 1.8 in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Low-level laser therapy significantly enhances periodontal health, accelerates tooth movement, and reduces pain in periodontally compromised patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Comparative Evaluation of Dentin Hypersensitivity Reduction Over One Month after a Single Topical Application of Three Different Materials: A Prospective Experimental Study
Authors: Sharan Aniket , Pawar Babita , Bagde Hiroj , Chawla Tavinder Kaur , Dhan Aadarsh Vikram , Shyamsukha Bhawna , Sharma Sanjna
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is a prevalent condition characterized by sharp, transient pain arising from exposed dentine in response to various stimuli. It is common among patients with gingival recession, tooth abrasion, and erosion.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective experimental study was conducted in the Department of Periodontology at the Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Institute. A total of 45 patients with DH were randomly assigned to three groups: Test Group I (5% potassium nitrate gel), Test Group II (Tetric-N-Bond self-etch adhesive), and Test Group III (fluoride varnish). Clinical assessments of DH were conducted immediately after treatment, at one week, and at one month, using tactile sensation, cold stimuli, and air blast tests. Pain levels were measured using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS).

Results:

Tetric-N-Bond demonstrated the most significant reduction in DH at all follow-up intervals. Immediately after application, VAS scores (tactile) were potassium nitrate (1.33 ± 0.48), Tetric-N-Bond (1.53 ± 0.74), and fluoride varnish (3.06 ± 0.88). After one month, the scores were: Tetric-N-Bond (2.53 ± 1.12), potassium nitrate (3.20 ± 0.41), and fluoride varnish (4.73 ± 1.57). Significant differences were observed between all groups (P < 0.05). The Schiff cold air score also supported these findings, showing Tetric-N-Bond as the most effective treatment, followed by potassium nitrate and fluoride varnish.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that Tetric-N-Bond is the most effective treatment for reducing DH immediately and over a one-month period, followed by potassium nitrate and fluoride varnish.
Harnessing Ayurveda in Acute Management of Type 1 Trigeminal Neuralgia: Insights from a Single-Case Report
Authors: Waskar Rohit Arun , Pardhekar Ashvini , Deshpande Mayuri
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Trigeminal neuralgia causes severe facial pain, affecting daily life and leading to anxiety and depression. The latest classification differentiates between primary and secondary forms. Treatments, including anticonvulsants and surgery, have mixed results. Ayurveda links this condition to an excess of Vata dosha in the cranial nerves.

Aim and Objectives:

To discover the potential of Ayurveda in the acute management of Type 1 trigeminal neuralgia.

Material and Methods:

A 41-year-old woman with intermittent pricking pain and tingling in the right lower jaw was diagnosed with Type 1 trigeminal neuralgia. She received Shamana and Shodhan Chikitsa as per Ayurvedic principles for 15 days.

Observation and Results:

Pain and shock-like sensations decreased, reducing the social fear of pain and improving quality of life. Transient numbness occurred early.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Adolescent’s Knowledge of Tobacco Consumption: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Majumder Prasanta , Thomas Pallavi A. , Motghare Vaibhav , Manek Pranav V. , Nazneen Lubna , Basak Suchetana , Acharya Sheetal
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objective:

The aim of the article is to determine the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on knowledge of tobacco consumption and its effects among adolescents (age group 13–16-year boys) and its retention over a period of six months.

Methodology:

A single-blinded randomized control trial (parallel design) was conducted among randomly selected two government schools in Agartala, Tripura, India. The first school (Group 1, n = 100) received oral health education in the form of a structured teaching program regarding the ill effects of tobacco consumption. The second school (Group 2, n = 100) was chosen as a control and no intervention program was conducted. A close-ended, structured questionnaire was used to assess the change in the knowledge postintervention in both groups.

Result:

In the study group, the mean pre-intervention, and postintervention after 10 days and six months, knowledge score was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001, highly significant).
A systematic review of Gram-negative bacterial prevalence and antibiotic resistance in pediatric sepsis: Insights from pediatric intensive care units
Authors: Ali Ghada Haidar , Albariqi Mohammed Abdullah , Alhazmi Ahmed Hassan , Alasmari Abdulrahman Hassan , Nasser Saeed Mari
Published: December 2024

Sepsis is a major cause of mortality among critically ill children, particularly affecting neonates and children under five. Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have emerged as significant pathogens in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), contributing to high rates of antimicrobial resistance and complicating treatment outcomes. This systematic review aims to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacterial infections in pediatric sepsis cases within PICUs and to identify associated risk factors. An extensive search was conducted in PubMed and MEDLINE for studies published between 2019 and 2024, focusing on studies involving pediatric patients in PICUs with documented GNB infections. After a rigorous selection process, 11 articles were included in the review. The prevalence of GNB in PICUs varied widely across the studies, ranging from 5% to 65.7%, with a mean prevalence of 38.5%. Common pathogens included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The rate of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens ranged from 18.2% to 63.7%, with a mean of 47%. Key risk factors identified included previous PICU stays, invasive procedures, and prior antibiotic use. The findings underscore the significant burden of Gram-negative bacterial infections and the high levels of antibiotic resistance in PICUs. There is an urgent need for enhanced diagnostic practices, targeted infection control measures, and robust antimicrobial stewardship programs to manage and mitigate the impact of these infections. Future research should focus on validating these findings and developing effective interventions to improve patient outcomes in pediatric settings.
Evaluating the impact of an electronic support system on clinical productivity and student satisfaction in dental education
Authors: Al Harthi Shaimaa
Published: December 2024

Background:

In response to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education, including clinical training disruptions, an electronic support system was proposed to mitigate challenges, reduce stress on affected students, and optimize their clinical productivity.

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a new electronic support system on dental students’ clinical productivity, focusing on course completion, procedures completed, peer assistance, and student satisfaction.

Settings and Design:

A comparative observational design was used.

Materials and Methods:

The system was implemented for the 2022–2023 academic year (test group), and the data were compared to the previous year data (control group). The participants included 5th-(n = 35) and 6th-year (n = 37) dental students.

Statistical Analysis:

All statistical analyses were conducted using R version 4.3.2, including Chi-squared, Fisher’s exact, t-tests, and Pearson correlation.

Results:

A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the test group and the control group in dental clinical practice 6 and total patient care 2 course completion rates was found. Furthermore, a significant difference in the number of completed procedures between 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 for all students (P < 0.05) was found. In addition, students reported high satisfaction with the system, rating it as fair (P = 0.038), user-friendly (P = 0.014), or likely to be recommended (P = 0.016).

Conclusions:

Implementing an electronic support system significantly enhanced dental students’ clinical productivity and course completion rates while also leading to high satisfaction ratings. These findings suggest broader adoption of electronic support systems may optimize educational outcomes and support student success in clinical settings.
An unusual case of diabetic ketoacidosis following salbutamol ingestion in a nondiabetic 13-year-old child
Authors: Mustafa Mai , Ali Salma A.
Published: December 2024

Salbutamol, a commonly used bronchodilator for managing asthma and other respiratory conditions, can increase blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, exacerbating hyperglycemia and raising the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We present a case of a 13-year-old boy with mild asthma who developed DKA after ingesting a salbutamol solution. He presented classic symptoms of DKA, including tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, and laboratory findings consistent with metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and electrolyte imbalances. He received supportive care, including fluids, insulin, and close monitoring and showed gradual improvement. He was discharged in good condition with appropriate follow-up instructions. This case stresses the need to recognize salbutamol toxicity as a potential cause of DKA. Healthcare providers should be cautious and avoid unnecessary bronchodilator therapy for patients with metabolic acidosis and breathing difficulties. Patients and caregivers should also be educated about the risks of using salbutamol and the importance of following prescribed dosages.
The hematinic effect of some medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of anemia: A narrative review
Authors: Abuaraki Huda Ahmed , Elbadawi Samia Mohamed Ali , Elsheikh Hatim Ali , Baiuomy Ayman Ragab
Published: December 2024

Traditional folk medicine has become an issue of international importance and interest. A high percentage of the world’s population uses medicinal plants to treat diseases, and in African countries, this rate is much higher. It has been estimated that in many developing countries, a large proportion of the population depends primarily on medicinal plants and traditional practitioners to address their primary healthcare needs, including the prevention and treatment of anemia, despite the availability of modern medicines. Anemia can be caused by iron deficiency, Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, and other causes. Iron intervention aims to move at-risk populations to a nutritional sufficiency status aligned with good health. One or two actions cannot effectively address iron deficiency. No single effective intervention for eliminating iron deficiency exists in most real-life situations. An appropriate set of intervention strategies must be selected, weighed, integrated, and adapted to the needs of different populations, environments, and the availability of resources. This narrative review provides information about the hematinic effects of some plants used traditionally to treat and prevent anemia. The study may impact a considerable sector of anemia patients who use plant preparations for treating anemia because they mostly use them without any supportive evidence of their efficacy.
Establishing a program using simulation to teach and evaluate medical student’s bag-valve-mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation skills
Authors: Abozaid Hani Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Medical students can quickly learn and acquire clinical skills, especially lifesaving and airway management skills. Many international studies support a simulation program to teach and evaluate medical students’ bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation and endotracheal intubation (ETI) skills. This article aims to establish such a program, which can be efficiently and effectively integrated into the curriculum of medical colleges. The minimal integration and training of medical students in these skills have limited their abilities, particularly after graduation, to participate actively in disastrous and high-demand situations. Kern and colleagues’ six-step approach to curriculum development 1998 will be used as a conceptual framework. This review concludes that establishing a simulation program to teach and evaluate medical students’ BVM ventilation and ETI skills is beneficial and essential. It should be integrated into the curriculum of medical colleges. More research is needed to explore the actual situation and reach a recommendation about more integration of the BVM ventilation and ETI program into medical students’ curriculum.