bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mode Action Prediction of Butein as Antibacterial Oral Pathogen against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and an Inhibitor of MurA Enzyme: In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Satari Mieke Hemiawati , Primasari Ameta , Dharsono Hendra Dian Adhita , Apriyanti Eti , Suprijono Maria Matoetina , Herdiyati Yetty , Kurnia Dikdik
Published: January 2021

Background:

The MurA enzyme, enolpyruvyl UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase, is
one of the targeted proteins by antibiotics for effective treatment of diseases provided by pathogenic
bacteria. It plays a key role in the cell wall biosynthesis of Gram-positive bacteria such as Enterococcus
faecalis. Butein is a flavonoid that showed antioxidant and anticancer activities, but recently it is a
promising antibacterial agent and reported can inhibit E. faecelis, Eschericia coli, and Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. It was isolated from medicinal plants, including Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans).
However, the molecular mechanism of butein inhibits bacteria that is no clear.

Objective:

This study aims to predict the molecular action of the butein against MurA, catalyzing the
first step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis.

Material and Methods:

Butein isolation used a combinational separation technique and characterization
using spectroscopic methods. Then, in silico method used was virtual screening using programs
including Autodock Vina in PyRx, protein. plus, and ligplots. Butein and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
(UNAG as a positive control) act as ligand were subject binding to 3KQJ MurA as protein. To evaluate
in vitro antibacterial activity, we used the Kirby-Bauer method.

Results:

Butein from M. pendans is a potential compound to inhibit the MurA with binding affinity -
7.6 kcal.mol-1. It is lower than UNAG but higher than Fosfomycin as a MurA inhibitor. Butein
attaches to MurA in the same position as UNAG so that it concludes that both is a competitive
inhibitor. Meanwhile, in vitro study showed that butein inhibits the E. faecalis growth with inhibit
zone of 8.37 mm at 1 mg/ml.

Conclusions:

Butein as a potent antibacterial agent through blocking MurA enzyme in cell wall
formation.
The Effect of Consulting Correct Techniques of Breastfeeding on Treatment
of Fissure on the Nipple in Primiparous Mothers Referred to Hamadan
Healthcare Centers: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Vafadar Atefeh , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Shobeiri Fatemeh , Mohammadi Youness
Published: January 2021

Background:

Nipple fissures are frequent complaints of breastfeeding mothers. Many
treatments have been used to treat this problem. However, low-risk methods are more useful for
treatment.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of consulting correct techniques of breastfeeding
on the treatment of fissures on the nipple in primiparous mothers referred to Hamadan healthcare
centers during 2017.

Methods:

This is a clinical trial study that was conducted on two groups comprised of 74 primiparous
mothers who were admitted to Hamadan health centers in 2017. They were randomly assigned
to two groups of treatment and control. After completing the demographic questionnaire,
the intervention group received breastfeeding consultation 3-5, 10, and 15 days after birth, and the
control group received routine training like applying a little expressed milk on nipples. Storr and
Bristol Scales were completed by the researcher before and one week after the last consultation session.
Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20, and the significance level was considered
0.05.

Results:

The results showed that the mean score of the Bristol checklist in the intervention group
after counseling was significantly increased (p<0.05), and there were also more people in the intervention
group with improvement in their nipple fissures (66.7% vs. 37.9% at the score of zero).

Conclusion:

Multi-session and face-to-face correct techniques of breastfeeding counselling can
help nipple fissure healing in nursing mothers.
Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Reverses Functional CNS Alteration
Caused by Combined γ-rays and Carbon Nuclei Irradiation
Authors: Kokhan Viktor S. , Mariasina Sofia , Pikalov Vladimir A. , Abaimov Denis A. , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: January 2021

Background:

Ionizing Radiation (IR) is one of the major limiting factors for human
deep-space missions. Preventing IR-induced cognitive alterations in astronauts is a critical success
factor. It has been shown that cognitive alterations in rodents can be inferred by alterations of a psycho-
emotional balance, primarily an anxiogenic effect of IR. In our recent work, we hypothesized
that the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor might be instrumental for such alterations.

Objective:

The NK1 receptor antagonist rolapitant and the classic anxiolytic diazepam (as a comparison
drug) were selected to test this hypothesis on Wistar rats.

Method:

Pharmacological substances were administered through intragastric probes. We used a
battery of tests for a comprehensive ethological analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography
was applied to quantify monoamines content. An analysis of mRNA expression was performed by
real-time PCR. Protein content was studied by the Western blotting technique.

Results:

Our salient finding includes no substantial changes in anxiety, locomotor activity and cognitive
abilities of treated rats under irradiation. No differences were found in the content of
monoamines. We discovered a synchronous effect on mRNA expression and protein content of 5-
HT2a and 5-HT4 receptors in the prefrontal cortex, as well as decreased content of serotonin transporter
and increased content of tryptophan hydroxylase in the hypothalamus of irradiated rats. Rolapitant
affected the protein amount of a number of serotonin receptors in the amygdala of irradiated
rats.

Conclusion :

Rolapitant may be the first atypical radioprotector, providing symptomatic treatment
of CNS functional disorders in astronauts caused by IR.
Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 and the Importance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Gagliardi Rubens J. , Domingues Renan , Cukier Cristine , Mendes Maria F. , Gagliardi Vivian D.B. , de Oliveira Francisco T.M.
Published: January 2021

A letter to the editor to discuss several uses of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
in the investigation of neurological manifestations of covid-19. Described several situations in
which the MRI is needed. Brain MRI is an important diagnostic method in the covid-19 scenario,
to investigate possible neurological complications of the disease.
The Relationship Between 24-Hour Indicators and Mortality in Patients
with Exertional Heat Stroke
Authors: Liu Shuyuan , Xing Ling , Wang Jinpeng , Xin Tianyu , Mao Handing , Zhao Jinbao , Li Cong , Song Qing
Published: January 2021

Background:

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a life-threatening illness that can lead to multiple organ damage in
the early stage.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 24-hour indicators and mortality in patients with EHS.

Methods:

The records of EHS patients hospitalized were collected and divided into the death group and the survival group.
We then analyzed the demographic characteristics and APACHE II scores and laboratory results of the participants in the
blood within the first 24 h after hospitalization, and assessed whether these candidate indicators differed between the death
group and the survival group. Cox regression analysis of the survival data was performed to explore the relationship
between early indicators and prognosis.

Results:

The levels of plasma PT, APTT, TT, and INR were significantly higher in the death group than in the survival
group. The blood PLT count and the levels of PTA and Fb were significantly lower in the death group than in the survival
group, while the levels of BU, SCr, ALT, AST, TBil, and DBil were significantly higher in the death group than in the
survival group. Furthermore, the levels of Mb, LDH, TNI, and NT-proBNP were significantly higher in the death group than
in the survival group, while there was no significant difference in CK levels between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Patients with EHS often had multiple organ injuries in the early stage (within 24 h), while those cases in the
death group were more severe.
Early to Mid-Term Results in Trapezio-metacarpal Joint Replacement using the ARPE Implant
Authors: Mahmood Ihsan , Burton Robert , Choudhry Muhammad N. , Coapes Christopher
Published: January 2021

Background:

Trapezio-Metacarpal Joint (TMJ) arthritis is a common cause of radial sided wrist pain. After conservative measures have been exhausted, the current mainstay of surgical treatment is trapeziectomy. Some surgeons combine this with additional ligament reconstruction and tendon or capsular interposition techniques to provide a more stable base for the thumb metacarpal.

Purpose:

In modern Orthopaedic practice, arthroplasty is the procedure of choice for many end-stage arthritic joints. However, due to the reliable and reproducible outcomes of trapeziectomy, this has yet to be widely adopted by hand surgeons in the management of TMJ arthritis. Recent series of arthroplasty implants have consistently shown good outcomes and trapezio-metacarpal joint replacement has been observed to provide excellent long-term function in the fit and active patient.

Methods:

We have performed a total of 52 TMJ arthroplasties in 46 patients in our institution for over 5 years (2011 to 2016). After excluding 3 cases, 43 available patients (49 implants) were subsequently asked to submit QuickDASH scores and a patient satisfaction survey.

Results:

Average QuickDASH score was 16.6, with high patient satisfaction postoperatively at 1 year. Complications included one intraoperative fracture, and five cases of post-operative instability/ dislocation. Dislocations were treated successfully with open reduction and revision.

Conclusion:

TMJ arthroplasty has shown good outcomes and patient satisfaction with a low revision rate and we recommend its use in active patients with well-preserved scapho-trapezio-trapezoid (STT) joints.
The Effects of Picking Up Primary School Pupils on Surrounding Street’s Traffic: A Case Study in Hanoi
Authors: Hiep Dinh , V. Huy Vu , Kato Teppei , Kojima Aya , Kubota Hisashi
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

One of the significant characteristics of schools in Vietnam is that almost all parents send their children to school and/or pick up their children from school using private vehicles (motorcycles). The parents usually stop and park their vehicle on streets outside the school gates, which can lead to serious congestion and increases the likelihood of traffic accidents.

Methods:

The objective of this study is to find out factors affecting the picking up of pupils at primary school by evaluating the typical primary schools in Hanoi city. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors that influence the decision of picking up pupils and the waiting duration of parents. The behavior of motorcyclists during the process of picking up pupils at the primary school gate has been identified and analyzed in detail by the Kinovea software.

Results and Discussion:

The study showed that, on the way back home, almost all parents use motorbikes (89.15%) to pick up their children. During their waiting time (8.48 minutes in average), they made a lot of illegal parking actions on the street there by, causing a lot of “cognitive” errors and “crash” points surrounding in front of the primary school entrance gate. Risky picking-up behaviors were significantly observed, i.e. picking-up on opposite side of the school, making a U-turn, backing-up dangerously, parking on the middle of street, and parking on the street next to sidewalk).

Conclusion:

Based on the analyzed results, several traffic management measures have been suggested to enhance traffic safety and reduce traffic congestion in front of school gates. In addition, the results of the study will provide a useful reference for policymakers and authorities.
Compatibility of Lemongrass Extract with Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Against Spodoptera litura on Soybean Plants
Authors: Afidah Nafisatul , Hadiastono Tutung , Bedjo Bedjo , Choliq Fery Abdul
Published: January 2021

Armyworm (Spodoptera litura) is an important pest that damages the leaves of soybean. SlNPV is one type of pathogen that has potential as a biocontrol agent to control armyworms because it is specific, selective, and effective. This study aimed to investigate the compatibility between the lemongrass and SlNPV in controlling armyworm. The Research was conducted at the Laboratory of Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) from February 2016 until April 2016. The study using completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replication with a treatment that consists of control, SlNPV-JTM 97C 1,5 × 106 PIB/ml, 10% of lemongrass extract, a combination SlNPV-JTM 97C fixed concentrate of 1,5 × 106 PIB/ml with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% of lemongrass extract. The results showed that the combination of SlNPV-JTM 97C 1.5 × 106 PIB/ml with 10% lemongrass had the highest level of virulence, with 96% of mortality on larva 100% on the pupa stage, so that the combination of SlNPV and lemongrass extracts was compatible in controlling S.litura.
Revisiting access to internet as a fundamental right in times of COVID-19
Authors: Estrada Mariana
Published: January 2021

The pandemic crisis that we are experiencing today has demonstrated the vulnerability of people with no Internet access. To begin with, during the obligatory quarantine, lots of students did not attend classes because they did not have Internet access. This means that they did not exercise their right to education, a fundamental right in the European Union. Besides that, those who are info-excluded are not able to communicate with anyone or obtain information, which leads to a digital divide problem that brings serial inequalities. It is also known that many people use the Internet to exercise their civil rights and participate in democratic processes, which once more reveals the disadvantages for those who do not have Internet connectivity. The truth is that, nowadays, Internet access is vital for the exercise of other fundamental rights that have to be safeguarded. All of these factors combined are proof of the importance of establishing Internet access as a fundamental right in the European Union.
The impact of disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic and its regulation by the EU
Authors: Da Rosa Lazarotto Barbara
Published: January 2021

This article aims to point out the main suggestions of regularisation by the European Union of disinformation in the internet. To do so, initially, we will point out what disinformation is and how it became popular through social media. Afterwards, some suggestions for regularization will be listed, along with an assessment of the impact this could have on the fundamental rights of citizens.
The justification of the means by the ends in the context of indirect taxation in COVID-19 times – a real catastrophe?
Authors: Barbosa Andreia
Published: January 2021

The terms in which VAT and customs duties are carried out in the Member States of the European Union are an integral part of the regulatory framework that arises from the European Institutions, specially designed to guarantee the functioning of the Single Market, as a dimension underlying the European project. In the context of COVID-19 – in which the imports of goods necessary for the respective combat and prevention have known and are of particular practical importance –, the Union’s intervention with regard to the taxation of such imports was (and is) necessary to guarantee an appropriate response and garner effective action by Member States. This answer, at least in the context of the indirect taxation, could not be made in several voices, but rather in a single way, in front of a normative plan that, in the case of VAT, is harmonised and which, in the case of customs duties, is uniformed, in a tax integration that seems to move (or should move) towards fullness. Among the various solutions put forward by the Union, of a tax nature, in the pandemic situation, one stands out in particular, of a substantive scope (although others, of an adjective character, having been adopted), which is related to the customs relief and the VAT exemption on the import of necessary goods to combat the effects of COVID-19 in 2020. The highlight is essentially justified by reasons related to its (i) ratio legis, (ii) the corresponding teleology and also (iii) the terms in which Portugal welcomed and developed the measure. This paper will focus on each of these reasons, under the pretext of which the dimensions deemed worthy of special reflection will be addressed, in a perspective that essentially starts from proportionality considerations, aimed at assessing whether the ends justify the means.
Solidarity and responsibility as a framework for the COVID-19 response in the European Union – the European Green Deal is a path?
Authors: Machado Nataly Carvalho
Published: January 2021

Recognised as an ambitious step, the European Green Deal guides the application of European Union policies not only in the environmental field, but also in other areas that may directly or indirectly interfere with human health and environmental sustainability, with the aim of transforming climate challenges and environmental issues in applicable opportunities. With the COVID-19 crisis, major challenges have emerged and aggravated extant problems in the most varied societies. In the European Union’s context, the impact of the new pandemic stood out, especially at the beginning, showing different responses by the Member States, in a disorderly and isolated way between one border and another, which highlighted when it would be placed in practice. Member States´ solidarity and responsibility to work together towards an economic and social recovery plan is critical in order to keep European project alive. Therefore, in an attempt to reinforce the link between solidarity and responsibility among Member States, the European Union uses the Green Deal to respond to the crisis through a recovery that has common objectives around the sustainability and well-being of its citizens.
COVID-19-related travel restrictions and mobility rights: A test for international human rights standards and EU citizenship
Authors: Jerónimo Patrícia
Published: January 2021

While there is still much that we do not know about COVID-19, it has by now become clear that, far from being “the great equalizer” or a catalyst for international solidarity, the disease is disproportionately impacting the poor and the most vulnerable, fuelling nationalist and xenophobic sentiments, and prompting a resurgence of borders and mobility restrictions all over the globe. Many States have resorted to emergency measures and/or derogated from their international human rights obligations to enjoy more leeway when restricting individual freedoms in their “war” against the pandemic. Mobility rights are among the most impacted by the COVID-19-related measures, with lockdowns, mandatory quarantines, and travel bans. The article discusses the extent to which the EU Member States’ use of their international and EU law prerogatives to close their borders on public health grounds can be considered to have breached international human rights standards and hindered EU citizenship.
Providing the spatial rigidity of a multi-story wood-based frame building
Authors: Rozhkov A. F. , Lavrov A. A. , Pikuleva I. V. , Polivanov D. A.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The article deals with the problem of ensuring the rigidity of a frame wooden multi-story building and ways to achieve the necessary spatial rigidity, taking into account the requirements of preserving the internal volume and free space. The case of excess spatial rigidity and measures to optimize it are provided to increase the economic efficiency of the project.

Methods. A simpler and less time-consuming method is the initial estimation of the cross-sectional area of the rigid elements that take the wind load. The authors propose a method for the preliminary calculation of building stiffness with subsequent adjustment in the calculation scheme.

Results. The design scheme of the building frame is made in the Scad Office software package to take into account the influence of the own structure weight, the redistribution of forces and movements due to the spatial work of the frame, with subsequent adjustment of the cross-sections of rigid elements.

Conclusion. The most rational and least time-consuming method for numerical calculation of stiffness is the initial estimation of the cross-sectional area of the system of rigid elements. With its help, it is possible to avoid an excess of spatial rigidity of the building and reduce the time and labor costs for selecting the location of rigid elements.
Piston compressor cooling system with a pulsed flow of coolant with subsequent use of heat in the hot water supply system
Authors: Efimov A. Yu. , Saraikin M. N. , Efimov V. A. , Troshkin E. V.
Published: January 2021

Цель. Большинство известных компрессоров используют механический привод от электродвигателя для достижения своей цели – перекачки необходимого потребителю количества сжатого воздуха. Во время работы любого компрессора прямого вытеснения выделяется большое количество тепла, которое вырабатывается как за счет трения движущихся частей блока, так и при сжатии воздуха.

Метод. Предложена система охлаждения поршневого компрессора с импульсным потоком теплоносителя с последующим использованием тепла в системе ГВС при помощи пластинчатого теплообменника, зарекомендовавшего себя своей компактностью и эффективностью.

Результат. С целью более глубокого отбора тепла в качестве типа движения нагреваемой линии был предложен импульсный поток, организованный при помощи ударного узла.

Вывод. В качестве оценки системы было проведено сравнение с аналогичной системой со стационарным потоком, как по техническим параметрам (температура рубашки компрессора t руб. ; температура воздуха в ресивере tвозд. ; средняя тепловая мощность N ср. ; коэффициент теплопередачи K ; объём воздуха, перекачиваемый за 1 цикл Vвозд. ) так и по экономическим параметрам (время окупаемости установки по сравнению с аналогичной установкой со стационарным потоком Tок ).
Investigation of errors in the representation of 3D models in determining the parameters of parts of devices BY the example of a two-mass rotating system with elastic coupling
Authors: Bratchikov S. A. , Abramova E. A.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The objective of the study is to consider the application field of modern device development and design methods using the means of 3D modeling and simulation of physical processes. The validity of the application and criteria for the reliability of the results obtained in the sequential design of the mechanical part of the electric drive and the control system are investigated.

Methods. Methods of model representation of 3D objects in computer-aided design systems are considered, as well as methods for solving problems of determining strain under the applied load. Using the example of an elementary joint, the obtained results of the dynamic characteristic of an elastic shaft in a computer-aided design system are compared with those calculated analytically.

Results. The article defines the basic principles and relations applicable to describing the shape of 3D models. Methods are shown by which it is possible to obtain information about the mass-centering model characteristics. The relations that form the basis of numerical methods for solving problems of determining elastic deformations of bodies are also given. The error that can occur when using insufficiently small elementary volumes in solving the problem of determining elastic deformation is shown.

Conclusion. The use of 3D modeling in the design of complex technical systems is justified and speeds up production processes. However, numerical methods cannot always give an accurate result leading to the need to either increase the complexity of calculations or additionally adjust some designed device parameters.
Model of an electronic equipment cooling system based on the joint use of high-current thermoelectric semiconductor batteries and a thermal thermosipho
Authors: Sulin A. B. , Evdulov D. V. , Ibragimova A. M. , Semilyak A. I.
Published: January 2021

Objective. The objective of the study is to develop a design model of the electronic equipment cooling system based on the combined use of high-current thermoelectric semiconductor batteries of layered design and an evaporative-condensing thermal thermosyphon, as well as to study the thermophysical processes occurring during its operation.

Methods. A mathematical model of the electronic equipment cooling system based on the combined use of high-current layered thermoelectric batteries and an evaporative-condensing thermal thermosyphon is presented. The design model includes a description of heat exchange processes in a layered thermoelectric element at various supply currents, determination of the amount of heat transferred through the cross-section of the channel of a thermal thermosyphon per unit of time, and the temperature values at each channel point.

Result. A 2D dynamic heat conduction problem is solved for a complex system with rectangular geometry of fragments and heat sources. The temperature distribution of a thermoelement along its longitudinal axis at different values of the supply current and the change in the heat flow along its length in a thermal evaporation-condensation thermosyphon are studied.

Conclusion. The results of the research have shown the effectiveness of combined use of high-current layered thermoelectric batteries and a thermal thermosyphon in electronic equipment with dense element packaging. It is shown that to increase the efficiency of electronic equipment and reduce the heat losses that occur in the heat line when the heat-generating element of radio-electronic equipment and thermoelectric semiconductor batteries are separated by a sufficiently large distance (over 0.6 m), it is advisable to use an evaporative-condensing thermal thermosyphon as a heat line.
Application of the variation operator in a genetic algorithm for the synthesis of fuzzy controllers
Authors: Kulikova I. V.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Objective. This article studies the problem of increasing the efficiency of fuzzy controller synthesis in a control system using a genetic algorithm. The best parameters of the fuzzy controller are selected using the crossing-over and mutation operators in the genetic algorithm. The operation of the mutation operator can lead to the formation of an incorrect set of parameters, which complicates the procedure for synthesizing a fuzzy controller.

Methods. Arrays of parameter sets of membership functions, conclusions, and rule weights that are included in the fuzzy controller are compiled using mathematical simulation. The mechanism of operation of single-point and two-point variation operators in the genetic algorithm is described by the simulation modeling.

Results. Mathematical models of single-point and two-point variation operators for the genetic algorithm are proposed. The mechanism for changing the values of elements in the array of a set of parameters of a fuzzy controller with one input and output variable is presented.

Conclusion. Replacing the mutation operator with the variation operator eliminates the formation of incorrect sets of parameters of the fuzzy controller in the control system.
Juxtaposing and Jostling: The Art of Writing History?
Authors: Somerset Jo
Published: January 2021

This reflective essay seeks to question, through my creative practice, methods of writing the history of post-1945 events for a young adult reader. Using creative techniques to add depth to the research, I explore the scope of the future project through a palimpsest diagram as well as poetry, word association and vignettes of my lived experiences.  I compare how other creative writers have treated historical narrative in fiction, memoir and drama. Building on schoalrly debate on the role of life writing in historical processes, both source materials and historiography, the essay analyses the scholarship on postmodern representations of the recent past in literature, including personalised life writing and autobiography as well as novels.  Problems jostle for attention: blank spaces of the historical records, unreliable memories, competing definitions of truth, Western class-bound identity and twenty-first century retrospection. My conclusions suggest that novelistic and lyrical techniques and voices may be an effective medium for shining a spotlight on the themes of the late twentieth century.  The resulting work of auto/history will be written and read through a personal lens which that is at the same time a memoir, history and historiography, which juxtaposes a microscopic life against the constellation of world events.
Dysphagia in Inclusion Body Myositis, A Disease of the Elderly
Authors:   Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA, Goyal Namita A. , Mozaffar Tahseen
Published: January 2021

Inclusion body myositis is one of the most common acquired myopathies seen in the aging population. The muscle weakness is of insidious onset, frequently starting in the legs, but over time gradually progresses to eventually involve all skeletal muscles of the limbs, face, swallowing and respiratory muscles, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Complications resulting from dysphagia are the leading cause of poor quality of life and mortality, while highly prevalent, are still underappreciated and underrecognized. This review highlights the importance of understanding the urgent need for recognizing and improving the evaluation, outcome measures and therapeutic options of dysphagia in inclusion body myositis patients.
KLASIFIKASI DIAGNOSA PERADANGAN KANDUNG KEMIH MENGGUNAKAN METODE ALGORITMA NAÏVE BAYES
Authors: Muharrom Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Abstrak

Dalam proses kehidupan kita perlu memperhatikan kesehatan tubuh, agar tidak mudah terserang penyakit. Berbagai cara pencegahan mengatasi terjangkitnya penyakit dengan cara menjaga pola makan dan pola hidup sehat. Karena pekerjaan, makan yang tidak teratur terkadang seseorang tidak memperdulikan kondisi tubuh mereka sendiri. Hal ini dapat berisiko dapat terkena penyakit yang berbahaya, sehingga perlu adanya pemeriksaan diri. Peradangan pada kandung kemih adalah salah satu penyakit  yang ditimbulkan dari rasa nyeri saat buang air kecil, rasa nyeri itu berasal dari saluran kemih. Untuk memahami masalah dengan lebih baik, Maka perlunya penelitian agar dapat mencegah semakin parahnya penyakit yang diderita dengan cara mengklasifikasikan data pasien untuk mengakurasikan hasil penyakit yang di derita oleh pasien dan dapat memprediksi dari data yang ada. Dengan menggunakan metode naïve bayes dalam perhitungan didapatkan kesesuaian antara perhitungan manual dengan menggunakan tools rapidminer dan dihasilnya kekurata adalah 90,8% dan perhitungan ROC menghasilkan nilai AUC adalah 0.956 yang berarti excellent classification.
Smartphone Medical App Use and Associated Factors Among Physicians at Referral Hospitals in Amhara Region, North Ethiopia, in 2019: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Teferi Gizaw Hailiye , Tilahun Binyam Cheklu , Guadie Habtamu Alganeh , Amare Ashenafi Tazebew
Published: January 2021

Background

Information in health care is rapidly expanding and is updated very regularly, especially with the increasing use of technology in the sector. Due to this, health care providers require timely access to the latest scientific evidence anywhere. Smartphone medical apps are tools to access the latest reputable scientific evidence in the discipline. In addition, smartphone medical apps could lead to improved decision making, reduced numbers of medical errors, and improved communication between hospital medical staff.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess smartphone medical app use and associated factors among physicians working at referral hospitals of the Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among physicians working at 5 referral hospitals in the Amhara region, Ethiopia, from February 5 to May 27, 2019. A simple random sampling method was used to select 423 physicians. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data and analyzed using SPSS, version 21 (IBM Corp). Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with smartphone medical app use among physicians. A value of P<.05, corresponding to a 95% CI, was considered statistically significant. The validity of the questionnaire was determined based on the view of experts and the reliability of it obtained by calculating the value of Cronbach alpha (α=.78)

Results

In this study, most of the 417 respondents (375, 89.9%) had medical apps installed on their smartphones. Of those 375 respondents, 264 (70.4%) had used medical apps during clinical practice. The medical apps most commonly used by the respondents were UpToDate, Medscape, MedCalc, and Doximity. According to multivariable logistic regression analysis, attitude (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.64, 95% CI 1.05-2.55), internet access (AOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.75-4.54), computer training (AOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.09-2.67), perceived usefulness of the app (AOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.05-2.54), information technology support staff (AOR 2.363, 95% CI 1.5-3.08), and technical skill (AOR 2.52, 95% CI 1.50-4.25) were significantly associated with smartphone medical app use.

Conclusions

Most respondents have a smartphone medical app and have used it in clinical practice. Attitude, internet access, computer training, perceived usefulness of the app, information technology support staff, and technical skill are the most notable factors that are associated with smartphone medical app use by physicians.
The Effect of a Name-Based Mask Rationing Plan in Taiwan on Public Anxiety Regarding a Mask Shortage During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tai Yu-Lin , Chi Hsin , Chiu Nan-Chang , Tseng Cheng-Yin , Huang Ya-Ning , Lin Chien-Yu
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic is a severe global health crisis. Wearing a mask is a straightforward action that can be taken, but shortage of stock and equity of allocation were important issues in Taiwan. Furthermore, increased anxiety leading to the stockpiling of masks has been common during the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to summarize the name-based mask rationing plan implemented in Taiwan and explore the public’s perceived anxiety about mask shortages.

METHODS

The government of Taiwan took action to control the supply and allocation of face masks. We summarize the timeline and important components of the mask rationing plan. A survey that aimed to investigate the overall response to the mask rationing plan was answered by 44 participants.

RESULTS

The mask rationing plan was implemented in late January 2020. Daily production capacity was increased from 2 million masks to 16 million masks in April 2020. People could buy 9 masks in 14 days by verification via their National Health Insurance card. Digital face mask availability maps were created. Moreover, the mask plan safeguarded the purchase of masks and resulted in decreased anxiety about a mask shortage (4.05 [SD 1.15] points; 72.7% [n=32] of participants answered “agree” or “strongly agree”). The majority of people felt that the mask plan was satisfactory (4.2 [SD 0.92] points; 79.5% [n=35] of participants answered “agree” or “strongly agree”).

CONCLUSIONS

We found that the unique name-based mask rationing plan allowed for control of the production and supply of masks, and contributed to the appropriate allocation of masks. The mask rationing plan not only provided the public with physical protection, but also resulted in reduced anxiety about mask shortages during the pandemic.
THE ROLE OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR INDONESIAN INDIGENOUS FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TO ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Rahayu Winiati P. , Septiani Irma
Published: January 2021

Food insecurity is remaining an unsolved problem since the continuous increase in human populations demands an increased supply of food. The objective of this paper was to present Indonesian indigenous food product development as an answer to the food security problem. It could be conducted by presenting the potentials of indigenous foods, creating advances in food technology, and arranging strategies that needed to develop indigenous food products, particularly as a food technologist. The suggested strategies were: choosing the raw material that is abundantly available in the local area, assessing its superiorities, doing a feasibility study, enhancing the food product’s safety and quality by applying good manufacturing practices and using environmentally friendly packaging, and promoting the products through modern channels such as the supermarket. This would allow nutritious and safe indigenous food products to become competitive and widely impacting food products that can bring food security into a reality.
Achieving Resonance for Online Travel Brands via Mobile Devices
Authors: McCabe Mary B. , Weaver Richard
Published: January 2021

Branding for service organizations has challenges with the limited space on a mobile phone while consumers create a brand experience in an instant. This reports how online travel agencies (OTA) present their brands on mobile, as framed by the Brand Resonance Pyramid. The authors examine how the OTA present the four levels of branding: identity, meaning, judgement/feelings, and resonance. The authors reflect on qualitative perceptions of Expedia and Booking, the largest revenue OTA, applied to key branding elements on mobile devices for booking flights, accommodations, and car rentals. Travel brands are challenged to improve customer relationships to the resonance level in order to experience the highest mutual value using this communication technology.
Instructional Materials Used to Support Learners’ Mastery of Writing
Authors: Nabiryo Nancy R , Sekiziyivu Samuel
Published: January 2021

Mastery of writing is important for ones’ success in life and instructional materials are used to support this mastery. The purpose of this study was to describe how instructional materials contribute to learners’ mastery of writing. The research question was; “How does the type and manner of use of instructional materials support learners’ mastery of writing?” This study followed a qualitative multiple case study design. Data was collected from three schools. Seven teachers and twenty one students were purposively selected from the schools to participate in the study. Data was collected using interviews, focus group discussions and documentary analysis. Findings portrayed that although participants were aware of the support other materials like textbooks and technology give to writing mastery, due to certain constraints, the most common materials used were examination past papers. We therefore recommend that the policy makers and other stakeholders provide an environment that supports the use of other types of instructional resources to support writing mastery.
EVALUATION OF NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-AIDS PATIENTS ADMITTED TO SOUTH INDIAN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: TEJAVATH ARUN SINGH , MATHUR AMIT , SINGH PRATIMA , SUMAN SUPRIYA , RAJ PREETI , VENKATESHWARA T MURALI
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to describe, evaluate, and analyze neurological manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus HIV positive patients admitted to a tertiary care center.

Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional study, in which 103 HIV patients were analyzed. All patients were interviewed face to face and evaluated by the investigator with particular reference to neurological manifestations. They were classified into various stages of HIV using the World Health Organization staging system.

Results: The mean age in males was 37 (standard deviation [SD] 8.0) years and in females 35 (SD 7.0) years. A greater proportion of females were diagnosed in the asymptomatic state during screening, either during pregnancy or when the spouse was found to be positive. Headache was the most common neurologic symptom and fundus abnormalities were the most common neurological sign documented in patients. The mean CD4 counts in males are 156.5/mm3 and in females are 229.57/mm3 whereas the mean absolute leukocyte count in males is 1088.30/mm3 and in females is 1473.52/mm3. The CD4 counts showed a better correlation with the occurrence of neurological manifestations than absolute leukocyte count.

Conclusion: Headache was a significant predictor of the occurrence of neurological complications (p=0.01). CD4 counts were significantly lower in patients with neurological complications and most of the neurological manifestations; on the contrary, all the opportunistic infections were documented in patients with CD4 counts below 200/mm3. Neurological complications did not show any correlation with the patient being on anti-retroviral therapy.
TREATMENT GOALS ACHIEVED AMONG HYPERTENSIVES AT THE B/A REGIONAL HOSPITAL IN SUNYANI, GHANA.
Authors: FORDJOUR FRANCIS , SODZI PAUL , BAAH PHILEMON
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the current success rate of hypertensive patients in achieving blood pressure (BP) treatment goals and to investigate the extent of the consistency in the control of BP following initial achievement.

Methods: At the hypertension clinic of the B/A Regional Hospital in Sunyani, Ghana, the current BP of 400 sampled patients, aged 35–100 years was measured. In addition, a retrospective review of nine successive BPs previously recorded in patients’ medical histories was done.

Results: Of the 400 patients, women constituted 71.75%. Hypertensive aged ≥60 years represented 64.25% with the rest being ˂60 years. In 58% of patients, there were comorbidities. The adherence to clinic appointment was 54.50%. Of the ten clinic visits, 20.30% of patients ˂60 years were adequately controlled of their BPs while those ≥60 years achieved 33.80% control. In all, 29% of the 400 hypertensives met their treatment goals adequately. Consistency in maintaining a controlled BP at all times was achieved by 23.70% of the 400 patients. Regular visits to clinic was associated with adequate BP control (p˂0.001) while comorbidity was not (p=0.122).

Conclusion: Treatment goals’ achievement by hypertensives at the Regional Hospital in Sunyani, Ghana, was relatively low. Consistency in maintaining a controlled BP while on medication is poor. The lack of consistency in keeping a controlled BP may contribute to the increased cardiovascular deaths among hypertensives. Intensive mass education and treatment optimization are required to deal with treatment failures among patients.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING IN VITRO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND ISOLATION OF ACTIVE MOLECULE FROM VITEX ALTISSIMA LEAVES
Authors: V PREETHI NAIDU , HM VAGDEVI , KP LATHA , AD AJISH
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this work is to investigate the antibacterial, anthelmintic activity of the leaves of Vitex altissima and isolation of the bioactive molecule.

Methods: The agar disk diffusion method is implemented to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the plant leaves of V. altissima, using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts. Exactly 1 mg of each extract is dissolved in 1 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide. The circular Whatman filter paper of diameter 5 mm was dipped in each extract and placed over solidified agar medium. The zone of inhibition was measured. The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of the plant have been used to carry out the anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworms Pheretima posthuma. The column chromatography technique is used for the isolation of bioactive molecules.

Results: The results revealed that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited a remarkable zone of inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts produce zero percentage zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli bacteria. The ethanol extract showed potent anthelmintic activity. The spectral data confirm that the structure of the bioactive molecule is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Conclusion: The preliminary results of the study revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of the plant exhibited a broad zone of inhibition against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and ethanol extract showing significant anthelmintic activity. Spectral data confirmed the structure of the bioactive molecule. The obtained bioactive molecule is responsible for exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANALGESIC ACTIVITY, AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF GAULTHERIA FRAGRANTISSIMA WALL. IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: NONGKHLAW FREDDY TEILANG , C MALSAWMTLUANGI , LAPASAM PHAIBIANG , LALTHASANGA ANDREW
Published: January 2021

Objective: The present study was undertaken to screen the analgesic and the antidepressant activity of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. an ethnomedicinal plant of Meghalaya, India.

Methods: In this study, the analgesic effect was induced by hot plate method and tail immersion test. The analgesic effect of two doses of the methanolic extract of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. was tested and diclofenac was used as a standard drug. The antidepressant activity was brought about by force swimming test and tail suspension test. The antidepressant effect of two doses of the methanolic extract of G. fragrantissima Linn. was tested and imipramine was used as a standard drug. The statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests using GraphPad InStat 3.0 software.

Results: The analgesic study shows that the plant extract at two different doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) possesses significant analgesic activity (p<0.01), whereby the two different doses of the plant extract showed a significant increase in the latency time were obtained at 120 min in hot plate method and increase in the latency time were obtained at 90 min in the tail immersion method, respectively. The antidepressant study shows us that the methanolic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg produced significant reduction (p<0.001) in the immobility period when compared with that of control group animals in both the tests.

Conclusion: The result of the study shows that the methanolic bark extract of G. fragrantissima Wall. possesses analgesic activity and antidepressant activity.