bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dark night of the soul: Applicability of theory in comics and radio through the scripted podcast drama
Authors: McMurtry Leslie
Published: February 2020

This article responds to McCloud's theoretical framework for comics and applies this framework to audio drama, which I argue is, like comics, a mono-sensory medium (one can only be seen in static image and the other can only be heard); both require a great degree of closure from the audience to frame together sequential narratives (of visual art and sound, respectively). To do this, it uses the case study of , a 'scripted podcast' (audio drama). While comics are escaping from decades of critical disregard due to their status as a popular or lowbrow medium, radio and by extension audio drama still suffer from critical neglect. It is, therefore, one of the aims of the article to release audio drama theory from torpor by applying theory from comics. W:TLN has been chosen as a case study due to its status as a made-for-podcast story rather than an adaptation from an existing comic book; it also responds to trends within audio drama towards a non-fiction/fiction amalgamation influenced by true crime podcast conventions. This article argues that W:TLN's understanding of audio/radio as a mono-sensory medium is overdetermined in its use of blindness, darkness and radiogenics. It also discusses the ways in which comics and audio drama use time and space. The article also examines the reasons why the podcast medium has been deemed acceptable within the wider Marvel Comics Universe and the ways in which W:TLN responds to implied continuity through a transmedia conception of character attributes (e.g., how the continuity of the X-Men films influences the story and characters in W:TLN).
Anthocyanin in Flacourtia inermis Peel: Analysis and Electronic Transition Study
Authors: Rakhman Khusna Arif , Saraha A. Rasid , Umar Sudir , Zainuddin Rahmaniah , Abdjan M. Ikhlas
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to determine the anthocyanin content present in Flacourtia inermis peel and its ultraviolet-visible absorption potential as a dye agent. This work focused on developing dye-sensitized materials that require natural eco-friendly dyes which are easily reproducible. The red to purple colour of Flacourtia inermis peel indicates the presence of anthocyanin contents, which were derived from flavonoids. Hence, anthocyanin analysis, UV-vis absorption test and electronic transition study were conducted for information regarding the potential use Flacourtia inermis fruit peel in natural dyes. To determine anthocyanin and absorption ability, UV-visible spectrophotometry was used. Furthermore, the electronic transition of anthocyanin was determined using the semi-empirical method of ZINDO/s. The results indicate that total anthocyanin content of Flacourtia inermis peel was 10.35 mg/100 g, with UV absorption occurring at erythema transmission percent of 0.7553; the pigmentation transmission percent was 0.78696, whereas the electronic transitions of molecular orbitals were observed at an optimum wavelength 425.5 nm visible area, with intensity 1.1233. Molecular orbital levels were six, with two electronic transition shifts, namely n→π* and π→π*.
Isolation of Natural Derivated Steroidal from Bark Stem of
Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf var. degrabrata K.
Authors: Usman Usman , Soekamto Nunuk Hariani , Natsir Muhammad , Maulidiyah Maulidiyah
Published: February 2020

Exploration of the natural product as pharmaceutical drug widely discover continuously for human life. The unique chemical compounds have been explored from bark stem of Melochia Umbellata (Houtt) Stapf var. degrabrata K. (M. umbellata) which is obtained from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. We discovered two group compounds isolated namely stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-β-ol (1) and stigmasta-5,22-dien-on (2), from n-hexane and chloroform extracts. The chemical structure of compounds 1 and 2 were identified based on IR spectroscopic, 1H NMR and 13C NMR and compared spectra data with data of compounds by other researchers. Compounds 1 and 2 are evaluated of their toxicity activity against shrimp larvae (Artemia salina) shows that the compound 1 shows weak toxicity activities against Artemia salina with LC50 value of 548.48 μg/mL, meanwhile the compound 2 exhibits a high inhibitory by LC50 value of 410.81 μg/mL. Based on this study, we suggest that the compound 2 has good bioactivity compared with compound 1.
Dual Detection Highly Selective Colorimetric Chemosensors for
Fluoride and Copper(II) Ions Based on Imine-Phenol Derivative
Authors: Nusuwan Phoomirut , Jittangprasert Piyada , Kuno Mayuso , Pumsa-ard Kem , Tongraung Pan
Published: February 2020

A simple dual detection using colorimetric chemosensor, imine-phenol derivative L (bearing a 2-iminephenol group as a binding unit and a-nitrophenylazo group as a signaling unit), were synthesized for a high yield in two simple steps. Complexations of chemosensor L with various anions in acetonitrile solvent and other metal ions in DMSO/H2O solvent were monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy. The results indicated that the chemosensor L showed high selectivity for F− and Cu2+ ions. Furthermore,
the complexes for L-F− and L-Cu2+ were evaluated by computational chemistry using a B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) and a B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of calculation. The complexes between L with F− and Cu2+ were magenta and yellow colored, respectively. Chemosensor L can be applied for the analysis of F− and Cu2+ ions with naked-eye detection making colour comparisons between the standard and the real sample. Most importantly, semi-qualitative detection of Cu2+ in water solution were successfully carried out with the developed test kit using chemosensor L.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal and in vitro Antimicrobial
Activity of Fe(III) and Mn(III) Metal Complexes of Semicarbazone
Authors: Somaiya Chintan P. , Patel Dinesh S. , Jani Darshan H.
Published: February 2020

In this work novel pyrazolone based semicarbazone derivatives and their spectroscopic and biological activities were investigated. Pyrazolone based semicarbazone ligands and their Fe(III) and Mn(III) heterochelates were synthesized. The structure of semicarbazone ligands were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, elemental analysis and their heterochelates were confirmed by thermal studies (TGA/DTG & DSC) and FAB mass spectroscopy. All the ligands and heterochelates were screened for antimicrobial study against Gram positive (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (E. coli, Klebsiella) microorganisms. The results confirmed that semicarbazone based heterochelates have a great potential and significant for further investigation.
Template-Free Synthesis of Porous Carbon from Merbau Wood by H2O2-ZnCl2 Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Santi Darma , Triyono  , Trisunaryanti Wega , Falah Iip Izul
Published: February 2020

Zinc(II) chloride, as an activating agent and H2O2 as an oxidizing agent, prepared the hydrothermal treatment synthesis of porous carbon (HC). The hydrothermal followed by carbonization and then by oxidation at 350 °C under oxygen stream (HC-Ox). All the products characterized by XRD, FT-IR, amount of oxygenated functional groups (OFGs) obtained by the Boehm method, the total acid amount by NH3 base vapour adsorption, surface area analyzer (SAA) and SEM. The XRD results showed that all of the carbonized samples were amorphous, which characteristic for porous carbonized. The results
of FT-IR and Boehm titration revealed that the phenolic group was the highest contributor to OFGs on HC-Ox samples (7.095 meq/g) and carboxylic groups of 2.685 meq/g. The maximum BET surface area was found to be 443.5 (m2/g) for C-Ox and 232.2 (m2/g) for HC-Ox. The SEM image displayed that the morphology of the HC samples was a stacking honeycomb-like structure.
Synthesis and Characterization of Piperidin-4-one Derivatives Using Green Solvent
Authors: Hemalatha K. , Ilangeswaran D.
Published: February 2020

A deep eutectic solvent of glucose-urea was found to be an inexpensive and effective reaction medium in the synthesis of piperidin-4-one derivatives. In this work, 3-methyl-2,6-diphenyl piperidin-4-one (4a), 3,5-dimethyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one (4b), 2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one (4c), piperidin-4- one (4d), 3,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-one (4e), 3-methyl-2,6-di(2-hydroxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one (4f), 3,5-dimethyl 2,6-di(2-hydroxyphenyl)piperidin-4one (4g) were synthesized using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) of glucose and urea with the percentage composition of 60:40. The yields of these products were 82, 78, 75, 68, 72, 70 and 70 %, respectively. The products obtained were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. A synthesis of piperidin-4-one derivatives by using this green solvent was considered to be new environmentally safe synthetic method.
Estimativas de condutividade hidráulica a partir de perfilagens geofísicas no Sistema Aquífero Guarani
Authors: Engelbrecht Bruno Zanon , Teramoto Elias Hideo , Gonçalves Roger Dias , Chang Hung Kiang
Published: February 2020

A condutividade hidráulica (K) é um parâmetro essencial para fins distintos no estudo de águas subterrâneas, tais como para avaliação da produtividade e vulnerabilidade de aquíferos, gerenciamento de recursos hídricos subterrâneos, estimativas da velocidade de migração de plumas de contaminação e simulações numéricas de fluxo e transporte. Embora existam diferentes técnicas para obtenção dos valores de condutividade hidráulica, apenas um número reduzido possibilita determinar, com elevada resolução, suas variações em porções profundas em sub-superfície. Na tentativa de solucionar esta deficiência, o presente trabalho desenvolveu e testou uma nova abordagem, na qual os valores de porosidade, estimados a partir de perfis sônico e de raios gama, foram utilizados para calcular os valores de K com elevada resolução espacial, empregando o modelo de Kozeny-Carman. Esses testes foram conduzidos em um poço profundo (1242 m) que explora água do Sistema Aquífero Guarani. Os valores médios de K obtidos são próximos dos obtidos por testes de bombeamento. Verificou-se também que a Formação Pirambóia apresenta fortes variações de K, enquanto a Formação Botucatu é relativamente homogênea, o que está em concordância com o contexto deposicional dessas duas unidades. Por fim, foi possível confimar que os valores de K obtidos a partir dos testes de bombeamento representam a média geométrica dos valores de K ao longo da seção filtrante dos poços testados.
Occupational and Environmental Health Benefits of Smoking ban not yet Arrived in Austrian Youth
Authors: Berger Julia , Neuberger Manfred
Published: February 2020

The aim was to record the smoking behaviour of 13- to 16-year-old Austrian pupils and to investigate changes in smoking behaviour following amendments of legislation and gender-specific differences.

The survey took place in Vienna, Lower Austria, Burgenland, Styria and Carinthia and was conducted at eight different school types. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire in a group setting at the beginning of a school lesson. The completion of the questionnaire was anonymous. 95,1% of the returned questionnaires could be used for this study, yielding data from a total of 1029 young people for analysis.

38.4% of the participants stated that they had at least once consumed tobacco or related products, with girls having tried them more often (41,6%) than boys (34,9%) (p = .028). At the time of the study, 3,3% used tobacco daily and 4,6% several times a week; thus 7,9% smoke regularly. Although friends or family are the most popular type of acquisition for girls and boys, girls buy their tobacco products from vending machines (11,6%) much more frequently than boys (6,0%) (p = .014) and prefer normal cigarettes (p < .001).

The results of this study show that while the number of adolescents who smoke daily is decreasing, the number of occasional smokers is increasing. Already 38,4% of the 13 to 16-year olds have had some experience consuming tobacco. Austria must take the measures recommended by the WHO to reduce the smoking prevalence and protect minors from the health damage caused by tobacco smoke.
School Culture Program: Implementation of School Innovation in the Disruption Era in SDIT Anak Sholeh Mataram Lombok
Authors: Emawati Emawati
Published: February 2020

This study aims to explore the innovations of Islamic schools in Lombok in the face of the disruption era. SDIT Anak Sholeh Mataram is a representation of a school that made the innovation effort. Data were obtained using the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, the theory used to analyze the problem in this study is to adapt the theory of "natural drift." Based on this theory, schools are living systems. The results show that SDIT Anak Sholeh Mataram succeeded in existing and surviving in its interaction and adaptation with its environment. This success was supported by school innovations in the form of a program called "School Culture." This program is a model designed and implemented in order to develop students' personal and social skills. This program emphasizes the practice of religious values ​​in the daily lives of students. Evaluation of "School Culture" is done in writing and non-writing adjusted to the form of activities in the program. The success of this program lies in the active collaboration between schools, parents, the community, and the government. A note for this program is the need to instill awareness in all School Culture activities. This innovative program succeeded in triggering the appreciation of the SDIT shown by the people of Mataram.
Mass Rallies: An Overview of Santri Rejection on the Five-day School Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Alnizar Fariz
Published: February 2020

The Regulation of Ministry of Education and Culture No. 23 of 2017 concerning School Day resulted in a tremendous wave of protest. The public takes part in different sides, the pro and the contra. This research uses a hermeneutical paradigm with causal historical analysis. The results of the study show that the refusal among the pesantren community is based on a robust doctrine of the fiqh rules as a form of orthodoxy and adherence to the values taught by the pesantren. Second, the government is playing with language on its policy. In the context of full-day school regulation, the government still uses euphemism as a strategy of education political ethic. Third, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) has a very central role in rejecting the five-day school policy.
Strengthening Students’ Character through Tahfidz Quran in Islamic Education Curriculum
Authors: Kosim Muhammad , Kustati Martin , Sabri Ahmad , Mustaqim Mujahidil
Published: February 2020

This article related to a character education model aims to link the orientation of intra-curricular activities and extra-curricular activities, which are typically conducted separately. In this context, the built model is not to reproduce what has been taught in intra-curricular activities, which leads to inefficiencies. It is also not as a substitution where extra-curricular activities replaced intra-curricular activities based on the assumption of distrust in the process of character formation in intra-curricular activities. The model in the form of extra-curricular activities has a role in strengthening character education efforts performed in intra-curricular activities. This rises within the Islamic studies subject and Tahfidz Quran extra-curricular activity. By building the spirit of character education, the model creates the Quran as the primary foundation to the life philosophy of Minangkabau people in West Sumatra, “Adat Basandi Syara, Syara Basandi Kitabullah.” This model is derived from the research conducted in two senior high schools: SMAN 1 Padang Panjang and SMAN 1 Padang. The research uses qualitative methodology, and data are collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The results of the study are thematically analyzed in three main categories: the reinforcement patterns of the curriculum of Islamic Studies through Tahfidz Quran activities; students’ efforts in memorizing the Quran; and the impacts of Tahfidz program initiation on students’ character.
IMPACT OF BUILDING ENVELOPE DESIGN ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF LIGHT STRUCTURE SCHOOL BUILDING
Authors: Su Bin
Published: February 2020

According to the local climate, an Auckland school building normally does not need air conditioning for cooling during the summer and only needs space heating during the winter. Previous study shows that the mean winter energy consumption is about 38% of the mean annual energy consumption of Auckland school buildings. The mean winter extra energy, which mainly includes space heating, water heating and other appliances related to winter indoor thermal conditions, is about 44% of winter energy consumptions. Extra winter energy of a school building is closely related to and impacted by building thermal design and thermal performance. Although different building design factors related to the main architectural feature, building elements and materials can affect the school energy consumption differently and simultaneously, the relationship between building design data and school energy consumption data can still be identified. With a larger number of sample school buildings, this study focuses on impact strength of building design factors on school winter extra energy consumptions and identifies quantitative relationships between the building design data and the winter extra energy consumption data, which can be used to proximately estimate the amount of saving winter extra energy consumption associated with the change of a design datum for the future school development. In Auckland, there are 425 schools including primary, intermediate and high schools. Real energy consumption and building design data of 57 local schools (13.4% of the total number of Auckland schools) are randomly selected for this study.
INDUSTRIALIZED TIMBER CONSTRUCTION: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ASPECTS AND INFLUENCES IN MODULAR TIMBER BUILDING SYSTEMS
Authors: Koppelhuber Joerg , Hintersteininger Katharina , Heck Detlef
Published: February 2020

Advancements of recently developed timber products and their application within the prefabrication process in construction industry demand more standardization and unification of construction management processes. Within the timber industry the prefabrication of modular building units with an optimised prefabrication grade experienced an ascending development over the last decade. Today’s methodology is based on a formal concept of realized projects that provides the methods of the production whereas the basic components behind do not change. Especially modern timber construction is mostly suitable for prefabrication, caused by the material specific properties, possibilities in prefabrication and quick assembly time under dry construction circumstances. According to an expert survey undertaken within a research project, the integration of a consistent data workflow in the production process allows a significant shortened construction period and cost reduction. Following these expert interviews timber construction systems with a high percentage of prefabrication are considered to be less expensive than on-site building methods. High productivity combined with excellent quality in short installation periods delivers arguments for best practice examples in construction management of modular timber building systems.
THEORY AND PRACTICE IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Authors: Mazzetto Silvia
Published: February 2020

This paper introduces an approach currently being implemented in the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning at College of Engineering in Qatar University. It describes the primary components of the theoretical research including the course program in Construction and Project Management, its integration with other courses, the cooperation required to support the interdisciplinary emphasis, and the establishment of an innovative academic/industry partnership to provide a state-of-the-art physical and technological infrastructure to support the program goals. The justification and benefits of the step from implicit to explicit theory are discussed based on the influential work of recent studies and the developments of the research approach of the multidisciplinary collaborative project. It is contended that much, although surely not all, of the present implicit theory, can already be pinpointed, and the associated with counter-productive impacts, explained and empirically recognized. Despite the fact that previous studies on interaction between theory and practice offered various degrees of value to the research field, some limitations and debates remain awaiting further investigation, as do the significant changes associated with the construction industry and project management. The research concludes that the efficiency of interaction between theory and practice in the construction industry needs to be further examined, and a possible research method is also proposed for carrying out future studies.
STAFF COMPETENCY ISSUES IN LINEAR SCHEDULING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Yang Juneseok , Arditi David
Published: February 2020

Linear scheduling method (LSM) is a scheduling method that is based on achieving a continuous flow of resources as well as precedence requirements. Although LSMs have recognized strengths in dealing with resource-intensive projects that are composed of repetitive activities, LSMs are not used extensively. This study proposes a staff-technology fit model that aims to measure the extent to which the features provided by LSM match scheduling staff experience, know-how and capabilities. The aim is to understand why LSM is not used as extensively as expected in construction scheduling. A questionnaire survey was administered to professionals listed in the directory of the Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) to measure staffing-technology fit in LSM applications. Research findings indicate that LSM applications satisfy user requirements in construction scheduling by (1) providing information that is useful to project participants depending on their position and function in the project organizations, (2) presenting graphics that are easy to understand, and (3) providing ease in communication. Research findings also reveal that LSM is not only a scheduling tool but also a control tool. However, the findings also point out that (1) LSM schedules require much time and effort to produce, (2) there are only very few commercially available software programs capable of running LSM schedules, and (3) there are not enough training opportunities for project managers and their staff to learn how to use LSM.
THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF “CMa” IN PRECONSTRUCTION PHASES: KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL REQUIREMENT
Authors: Seyman Tayibe
Published: February 2020

Construction Management is one of a significant project delivery system in search for the project success. One of the two types of this system is “Construction Management as Advisor” which involves a professional entity called Construction Manager as Advisor (CMa) which advises the Owner from the initial decisions to the completion of the construction. There has been a growing movement towards the project success factors in the past number of decades. However conducting research on project success factors related to the preconstruction phase is not as common. The aim of this paper is to review the crucial role of CMa in the preconstruction phase and identify the knowledge and skill requirements. By doing so, this study also aims to be a reference to the owners in selecting or hiring a CMa which can be a person or an organization. Since construction management delivery system is relatively a new method in Turkey. In order to define knowledge and skill requirements; the services to be given by a CMa in American Institute of Architects contract documents are analyzed by one by. The research findings showed that 22 different services have to be given by CMa in the preconstruction phase. The skill and knowledge requirements of those services are discussed and identified accordingly.
OPTIMIZATION OF FLAT ROOF THERMAL RENOVATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Miniotaite Ruta
Published: February 2020

The created methods and the logical scheme of an alternative selection based on it, allow for the adoption of decisions that optimally satisfy the technical parameters of roof repairs and the financial possibilities of a builder in each concrete case. It is here suggested that one selects a rational version of roof repairs in a step-by-step way by assessing the alternatives with the help of multi-criteria decision methods. Each stage has pre-selected assessment criteria, decision methods and created database. The initial stages include the following steps: the assessment of the condition of the roof following the developed methods, the expected price of the work and preliminary selection of alternatives. By using the method of mathematical analysis – efficiency value analysis – the most economically and technologically efficient option of thermal renovation was determined. The reconstruction of non-usable flat roof is optimal in technical, economic and humidity exposure terms. The price of this roof construction is not the minimum price, but duration of construction work, resistance to humidity exposure are optimal.
IMPACT OF BUILDING DESIGN ON ENERGY USAGE OF A PUBLIC LIBRARY
Authors: Su Bin
Published: February 2020

This pilot study is to investigate relationships between Auckland library building design and energy consumption. In Auckland, about sixty public libraries belong to the Auckland Council. A number of Auckland public libraries (32% of the total number of public libraries in Auckland) are used for this study. A whole year monthly energy consumption data and library building plans of the sample libraries are recorded and supplied by the Auckland Council. This study explores impact of building design factors on energy consumption, which is based on real energy consumption data and building design data of Auckland public libraries. This study converted monthly energy consumption data into annual, winter and summer daily mean energy consumptions per unit volume of library building indoor space (kWh/m3/day), which is closely related to building design, indoor thermal conditions and building thermal performance under the local climatic conditions. According to relationships between daily mean energy consumptions per unit volume of library building indoor space (kWh/m3/day) and library building design data, the study presents energy profiles of local libraries and identify major design factors impacting energy consumption of Auckland public libraries.
INTEGRATED DESIGN APPROACH FOR BUILDING MAINTENANCE ISSUES
Authors: Öz Ayşe Müge , Ergönül Sema
Published: February 2020

Maintenance and repair is a principal task in building operation in terms of time spent and cost. Therefore, improving maintenance performance can result in remarkable operational benefits. Traditionally, maintainability is not fully considered when designing a building, whereas many decisions to influence building maintenance are taken in design phase. Because of this, there is a need for a new approach to handle design and maintainability as a whole. Integrating design with maintenance eliminates design oriented maintenance issues and promotes knowledge transfer between designers and facility managers. This paper aims to identify design requirements for maintainability and present possible acquisitions of maintenance integration in design. Design parameters which are important for maintainability of a facility management are considered as accessibility, flexibility, standardization, modularization and selection of materials and equipment. Designers should give more attention to these parameters in order to create more valuable buildings for the users and to prolong the life cycle of the facility. A facility manager’s involvement in design steps would also improve maintainability of the building because of the specific technical details that a designer cannot fully designate. With a collaborative, new design approach considering maintainability, buildings profitability would be enhanced with less cost, time and labor.
COMPARISON OF LIFE CYCLE COST OF CENTRALIZED AND SPLIT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
Authors: Hagare Dharma , Ho Jason , Saha Swapan
Published: February 2020

Central and split systems are the two most common air conditioning (AC) systems used in residential applications. Central system employs one large unit to produce and distribute conditioned air through a system of ductwork. On the other hand, the split system, employs several small ACs. Each AC consisted of outdoor and indoor units to produce conditioned air directly to the designed area. Each system has distinct strengths and weaknesses. Depending on the structure of cooling area and operating schedule, the performance of each system will be different. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of various parameters such as operating schedule and building characteristics to the performance of central and split AC systems over the 25 years of their operation. The life cycle analysis (LCA) considered essential factors which have significant impact on the energy consumption and both initial and operating costs of the two systems. All required sections of life cycle analysis are included according to the relevant Australian Standards. The results indicated that under standard operating conditions, central system is more economical and energy efficient than split system. However, when the flexibility in operation of split system is considered, there was a significant reduction in its operating cost, which was below that of central system. Overall, total life cycle cost of split system was slightly lower than central system. Also, considering the usage flexibility and the comfort of users, it appears that the split system is more suitable than the central AC system for residential buildings.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF NANO SILICA ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CEMENT PASTE
Authors: Hamoush Sameer , Picornell Miguel , Abu-Lebdeh Taher
Published: February 2020

This study investigated the compressive strength of hardened cement paste and the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) with the addition of nano silica (SiO2). Through this search, the development of the concretes strength was determined to better understand the process of cement hydration. Compressive strength testing was performed using MTS and Forney testing machines to determine stress-strain curves and elastic modulus of materials. The hydration process and formation of C-S-H and calcium hydroxide (CH) was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This study also incorporates the use of vacuum curing, in comparison to that of the traditional water curing method. Results indicate an increase in compressive strength using 1%, 3% and 5% of nano silica to cement replacement by volume in comparison to the control mix (without nano silica). The optimum cement replacement to yield maximum strength was of the 1% nano silica content. The formation of C-S-H increases significantly during the early testing days which correspond with the drastic increase in compressive strength. The hydration process continues to increase throughout the 56 day trails at a moderate rate. The traditional water curing method proves to be more efficient and beneficial than of the vacuum curing method. However, vacuum cured results showed only about a 5% reduction in strength after 56 day tests in comparison to the water curing method.
SUPERPAVE VERSUS CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR DESIGNING NORMAL AND MODIFIED ASPHALT MIXES
Authors: Khedr Safwan , Saudy Maram
Published: February 2020

Due to the empirical nature and drawbacks of the conventional procedures, the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHARP) has developed a Superior Performance Asphalt Pavements (SUPERPAVE) mix design procedure. The main objective of this research is to study the applicability of the Superpave in Egypt. This is done by studying aggregate characteristics using both the Superpave and the conventional techniques, investigating the normal (virgin) and SBS modified asphalt characteristics using Superpave, and designing asphalt mixtures comprised of the characterized materials using both the Superpave and the conventional Marshall design methods. Results indicate that Superpave is applicable to Egyptian aggregate with a more restrictive supervision of crushing aggregates and gradations (some gradations may need modifications). Mix design results indicated two main findings; first, most optimum asphalt contents (OAC) determined by the Superpave mix design method are consistently less than OAC determined by the Marshall Mix design method. Second, modified asphalt mixes result in less OAC than normal asphalt mixes according to both Marshall and Superpave mix design methods for both binder and surface layers.
ORGANIZATIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT MATURITY FROM THE CONSTRUCTION PRACTITIONERS POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Motamedpooya Sepideh , Asnaashari Ehsan
Published: February 2020

The organizational project management maturity model (OPM3) aims to implement project management principles into project-based organizations. In fact, OPM3 by focusing on organizational level, can help construction companies to integrate their various activities and follow their goals strategically. However, this useful tool has not been recognized by most of the Iranian construction organizations. The purpose of this research is to introduce OPM3 to the experts and collect their views on how it can be implemented in their projects. First, the concept of OPM3 introduced to participants. To reach this aim, 52 questions were selected from PMI self-assessment questionnaire. These questions were categorized under four groups of planning, performance, procurement and prediction. Interviewees answered each question with Yes and No and then scores were added up in each group. At the next step, based on maximum and minimum score of groups a qualitative interview was carried out to understand reasons behind scores attained by interviewees. Identifying detailed elements can enhance the Iranian practitioners’ understanding about OPM3 and help them to apply it to their organizations in Iran’s working conditions.
BARRIERS OF TRADITIONAL PROJECT DELIVERY SYSTEM IN ACHIEVEMENT OF PROJECT GOALS
Authors: Erbas İkbal
Published: February 2020

Although traditional project delivery system is one of the project delivery systems that is preferred by both public and private owners, characteristic of the system constitutes some barriers in achievement of the project goals. In the scope of this study the barriers caused by traditional project delivery system were revealed for achieving the basic project goals which are quality, time and cost. For this purpose impact of the relationships between the participants and workflow process of the system were examined in achievement of the quality, time and cost goals of the project. It is found out that impossibility of contractor`s involvement to design process, adversarial relationships among the participants, impossibility of using fast track and uncertainty of final project cost because of the unexpected project changes are the main barriers that have impacts on main project goals.
ADOPTING BIM IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OFFICES
Authors: Tulubas-Gokuc Yeliz , Arditi David
Published: February 2020

Developments in technology such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) have recently created serious competitive pressures on architectural design firms and building construction companies. Design firms and construction companies need to adopt these new technologies to survive and thrive in this environment. Despite the advantages of BIM in building design, its adoption by architectural design firms has been slow due to obstacles such as lack of familiarity with BIM, lack of training in BIM, and lack of supporting resources such as hardware and software. The problems faced in adopting BIM were investigated by only few researchers who focused on the acceptance or penetration of BIM into construction firms. The objective of this research is to develop an integrated model to understand the adoption of BIM in architectural design firms. The model involves (1) the fit between the tasks to be performed by design professionals and the technology provided by BIM, (2) the fit between the organizational competency in the design firm and the capabilities offered by BIM, and (3) the fit between the designers’ knowledge/skills in BIM and the sophistication of the BIM product. After a thorough review and synthesis of technology adoption models and theories, this paper proposes an integrated model to understand the adoption of BIM by architectural design firms. The model argues that using BIM depends on BIM’s properties as well as the tasks at hand, the organizational competency of the company, and the perceived ease of use.
ANALYSIS OF HAGIA SOPHIA USING NONDESTRUCTIVE MESUREMENT
Authors: Hara Takashi , Hidaka Kenichiro
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the structural behavior of Hagia Sophia was analyzed by use of vibration records of the structure. The vibration records were measured by the micro tremor meters. The recorded data was utilized not only to define the mode shape but also to evaluate the structural problems. Firstly, the vibration characteristics of the main building were analyzed by combining the vibration records. Secondary, the deformation characteristics and the structural functions of the second cornice were investigated in the same manner as the main building. In case of main building, from the frequency domain analyses, the natural frequency of the main building was analyzed and the obtained natural frequencies were compared with the results of the previous researches. The vibration modes were investigated as well. From these results, the characteristics of the total structure were clarified and the structural problems were detected. In case of the second cornice, the base at the corner where was the junction of the main pier and the sub-dome connecting to the semi-dome showed the movement of the embedded stone. To investigate such phenomena, the same non destructive measurements were applied. Then, applying the finite element method to solve such structures, the structural behaviors were clarified and the health monitoring was performed.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF THERMAL LOADING ON STEEL BOX GIRDERS
Authors: Diversi Marco , De Backer Hans
Published: February 2020

Thermal loads are not often considered during the design of steel box girders, but their influence can be quite important. When the thermal gradient within the steel box girders reaches considerable values, a number of other effects are influenced. High thermal gradients will reduce the cohesion of waterproofing layers and surface layers. Therefore, the quantification of the thermal loads acting on the system becomes essential. This is primarily done using detailed finite element models of steel box girders. Modelling all the thermal fluxes within this system, including solar radiation, radiation with the environment, mutual radiation, convective airflow, etc. it becomes possible to study the temperature variations on the bridge structure. The thermal loading is based on the actual revolution of the sun, while the bounds and the orientation angles are the result of a detailed calculation of the position of the sun. The same is true for the respective fluxes. All of these variations are studied along a one year period and this on hourly basis.
UNIVERSAL SIZE EFFECT STUDIES USING THREE POINT BEAM TESTS
Authors: Şener Siddik , Şener Kadir Can
Published: February 2020

The universal size effect law for concrete is a law that describes the dependence of nominal strength of specimen or structure on both its size and the crack (or notch) length, over the entire of interest, and exhibits the correct small and large size asymptotic properties as required. The main difficulty has been the transition of crack length from 0, in which case the size effect mode is Type 1, to deep cracks (or notches), in which case the size effect mode is Type 2 and fundamentally different from Type 1. The current study is based on recently obtained comprehensive fracture test data from three-point bending beams tested under identical conditions. This paper presents a studying to improve the existing universal size effect law using the experimentally obtained beam strengths for various different specimen sizes and all notch depths. The updated universal size effect law is shown to fit the comprehensive data quite well.
LONG TERM BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE MEMBER STRENGTHENED WITH INTERNAL PRESTRESSING SYSTEM
Authors: Yoshitake Isamu , Mimoto Tatsuhiko , Sakaki Takuya , Mizushima Jun
Published: February 2020

To maintain and retrofit appropriately concrete structures, various strengthening materials and methods have been developed and applied. One of the effective and reliable strengthening method for concrete is an application of the prestressing system. The present study focuses on a strengthening system using an internal anchorage and a prestressing tendon. The strengthening system is acceptable even in relatively narrow workspaces, and also applicable for joints between existing and additional concrete members. In our previous investigations, a static push-out and pull-out tests were performed to examine the load-bearing capacity of the prestressing tendon embedded in the wedge anchor. The test confirmed that the prestressing tendon can be anchored firmly in an internal wedge hole filled with high-strength mortar. Long-term behavior of the strengthened member should be examined to confirm the applicability of the system. The load and deformation of a concrete member subjected to sustained force by the prestressing bar were measured for 1 year. This paper reports the long-term loading test, and discusses the time-dependent properties of the strengthened concrete member. The test result confirms that the loss of prestressing force is negligible for actual applications.
CONSIDERATION ON TRUSS AND SPLICE JOINT DESIGN MODELS IN EXTREMAL LOADING
Authors: Ozola Lilita
Published: February 2020

In this study the behavior of elements and joints in hard loaded Warren trusses is analyzed theoretically with the purpose of disclosing the sections and elements which possibly can become extremely stressed under the design load proposed being real before the ultimate limit state. The significance of truss topology selected has been brought forth, since unfavorable loading of a tensioned chord connection is discussed in this paper. Three types of tensioned splice joints have been examined considering expected elongations of bolts in order to determine additional stresses induced due to the redistribution of tensile forces. An assumption of a continuous beam model on elastically deformed discrete supports has been adopted as a design model for the examination of stresses possibly caused in the sections of bolts. It has been proved that a joint with extended end-plates over both flanges of chord I profile may be accepted as the one which is safe and robust enough for use in tensile chords of bearing structures. The joint type with end-plates extended over a more tensioned flange only and the one with connecting bolts all hidden between flanges has been subjected to sharp criticism due to the extremely nonuniform behavior and the overloading of bolts. The results of this numerical case study promote a deeper understanding and help assessing the endplate joint behavior since they lack the uniqueness of the solution recommended by the building codes, which is particularly significant when hard-loaded structures have been designed for covering the spans of public building areas.
MULTIPLE TUNED MASS DAMPERS FOR SEISMIC-EXCITED TALL BUILDING
Authors: Kim Young-Moon , You Ki-Pyo , You Jang-Youl , Paek Sun-Young , Nam Byung-Hee , Kim Doo-Kie
Published: February 2020

Multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD) is used for suppressing seismic excitation of tall building. The performance of MTMD is compared with that of a single tuned mass system (TMD). Optimum parameters of TMD/MTMD for minimizing the variance response of the damped primary structure derived by Krenk, Igusa, and Jangid were used. The optimally designed MTMD system is more effective than that of a single TMD system for reducing seismic excitation of a tall building.
EFFECTS OF A CENTRAL HOLE ON COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF CIRCULAR FIBER-REINFORCED RUBBER ISOLATORS
Authors: Pinarbasi Seval , Okay Fuad
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the existence of a central hole on the main design parameters of a circular fiber-reinforced rubber bearing; namely compression modulus and shear strain due to compression. Since the compressive behavior of a multi-layered rubber bearing is mainly governed by the behavior of a single interior rubber layer in the bearing bonded to the reinforcing sheets at its top and bottom faces, the study is concentrated on uniformly compressed “bonded” rubber layers. The related compression problem is formulated using the “pressure” method. After deriving the closed-form expressions for compression modulus and shear strain, the effects of the hole on compressive behavior are investigated for fiber-reinforced bearings with different initial shape factors (a kind of aspect ratio for individual rubber layers) and rubber compressibility. It is shown that the compression modulus of a fiber-reinforced bearing may decrease considerably as the size of the central hole or the flexibility of the reinforcement increases, especially if the shape factor of the bearing is high and the compressibility of the rubber is not negligible. The study also shows that the effect of the hole on maximum shear strain reaches its most striking value when the hole size is smaller than 10% of the outer radius of the bearing.
SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLENDER BEAMS
Authors: Kayani Muhammad K. , Khaliq Wasim , Shehzad Muhammad K.
Published: February 2020

Major factors contributing to the shear behavior in reinforced concrete (RC) beams have been identified as compressive strength of concrete, shear span to effective depth ratio, and longitudinal reinforcement. Though significant, few of these factors are not fully incorporated in ACI code provisions for design of minimum shear reinforcement. To investigate the effect of these parameters, an analytical and experimental study was undertaken on the shear behavior of ordinary strength RC slender beams with moderate longitudinal reinforcement. The experimental program consisted of testing of eight simply supported RC slender beams subjected to two concentrated loads at a shear span to depth ratio (a/d) of 2.5 and equipped with varying shear reinforcement according to four different criteria. Ultimate shear strengths obtained in this experimental program are compared to the analytical shear strengths calculated according to existing as well as proposed equations. Test results exhibit that, the modified equation proposed in this work gives more accurate prediction of shear capacity of RC beams.