bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Effective Micropropagation Strategy for Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arn.
Authors: Sangeetha G. , Swapna T. S.
Published: April 2024

Habitat destruction and over-harvesting have resulted in the gradual
disappearance of many medicinally important plants from their natural habitat. At
present, their number is highly reduced in the wild. To conserve the genetic stocks of
such plants, in vitro propagation can be utilized successfully. One such medicinally
important plant that needs to be conserved is Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arn. It
is a perennial viscid pubescent semi-erect, diffuse undershrub belonging to the family
Fabaceae. It is an essential component of many famous Ayurvedic formulations like
Dashamoola, Mahanarayana taila, and Dhantara taila. The root is the most important
part of the plant with high medicinal value. Major chemical compounds reported to be
present in the roots are 1,5 dicaffeoyl quinic acid, oleic acid, tetradecanoic acid, rutin,
quercetin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid. The present study focused on in
vitro regeneration and mass propagation of P. viscida. Fresh young leaves, nodes, and
internodal segments were used as explants. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS
medium), Gamborg’s (B5
) medium, and White’s mediums were selected for in vitro
regeneration and mass propagation. Among the various media used, the MS medium
gave a successful result in in vitro culture by showing a response within four weeks,
and the percentage of response was also high compared to B5
and White’s medium. The
leafy explant was found to be more suitable for profuse callus induction, somatic
embryogenesis, and indirect organogenesis than that of internodal and nodal explants,
whereas nodal explant was best for direct organogenesis in P. viscida. Of the different
combinations tried, NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) + BAP (6-Benzyl aminopurine)
combinations were best for callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and indirect
organogenesis. 2.5 mg/L BAP was best for shoot induction from nodal explants,
whereas 2.5 mg/L NAA was best for root induction from in vitro regenerated micro
shoots as explants. Well-developed plantlets were transferred to greenhouse and later to
natural conditions. This study thus reports an efficient protocol for plant regeneration,
and this could be vital for the multiplication and field transfer of this ethnomedicinal
plant. Based on the ethnomedicinal potential, there is an urgent need for organized
cultivation of this vulnerable plant for its conservation and sustainable utilization.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella in Anhui Province, China, 2012-2021: Surveillance Study
Authors: Xuan Kun , Zhang Ning , Li Tao , Pang Xingya , Li Qingru , Zhao Tianming , Wang Binbing , Zha Zhenqiu , Tang Jihai
Published: April 2024

Background

Varicella is a mild, self-limited disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Recently, the disease burden of varicella has been gradually increasing in China; however, the epidemiological characteristics of varicella have not been reported for Anhui Province.

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021, which can provide a basis for the future study and formulation of varicella prevention and control policies in the province.

Methods

Surveillance data were used to characterize the epidemiology of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021 in terms of population, time, and space. Spatial autocorrelation of varicella was explored using the Moran index (Moran I). The Kulldorff space-time scan statistic was used to analyze the spatiotemporal aggregation of varicella.

Results

A total of 276,115 cases of varicella were reported from 2012 to 2021 in Anhui, with an average annual incidence of 44.8 per 100,000, and the highest incidence was 81.2 per 100,000 in 2019. The male-to-female ratio of cases was approximately 1.26, which has been gradually decreasing in recent years. The population aged 5-14 years comprised the high-incidence group, although the incidence in the population 30 years and older has gradually increased. Students accounted for the majority of cases, and the proportion of cases in both home-reared children (aged 0-7 years who are not sent to nurseries, daycare centers, or school) and kindergarten children (aged 3-6 years) has changed slightly in recent years. There were two peaks of varicella incidence annually, except for 2020, and the incidence was typically higher in the winter peak than in summer. The incidence of varicella in southern Anhui was higher than that in northern Anhui. The average annual incidence at the county level ranged from 6.61 to 152.14 per 100,000, and the varicella epidemics in 2018-2021 were relatively severe. The spatial and temporal distribution of varicella in Anhui was not random, with a positive spatial autocorrelation found at the county level (Moran I=0.412). There were 11 districts or counties with high-high clusters, mainly distributed in the south of Anhui, and 3 districts or counties with high-low or low-high clusters. Space-time scan analysis identified five possible clusters of areas, and the most likely cluster was distributed in the southeastern region of Anhui.

Conclusions

This study comprehensively describes the epidemiology and changing trend of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021. In the future, preventive and control measures should be strengthened for the key populations and regions of varicella.
Effects of a Serious Smartphone Game on Nursing Students' Theoretical Knowledge and Practical Skills in Adult Basic Life Support: Randomized Wait List–Controlled Trial
Authors: Fijačko Nino , Masterson Creber Ruth , Metličar Špela , Strnad Matej , Greif Robert , Štiglic Gregor , Skok Pavel
Published: April 2024

Background

Retention of adult basic life support (BLS) knowledge and skills after professional training declines over time. To combat this, the European Resuscitation Council and the American Heart Association recommend shorter, more frequent BLS sessions. Emphasizing technology-enhanced learning, such as mobile learning, aims to increase out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival and is becoming more integral in nursing education.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether playing a serious smartphone game called MOBICPR at home can improve and retain nursing students’ theoretical knowledge of and practical skills in adult BLS.

Methods

This study used a randomized wait list–controlled design. Nursing students were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a MOBICPR intervention group (MOBICPR-IG) or a wait-list control group (WL-CG), where the latter received the MOBICPR game 2 weeks after the MOBICPR-IG. The aim of the MOBICPR game is to engage participants in using smartphone gestures (eg, tapping) and actions (eg, talking) to perform evidence-based adult BLS on a virtual patient with OHCA. The participants’ theoretical knowledge of adult BLS was assessed using a questionnaire, while their practical skills were evaluated on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality parameters using a manikin and a checklist.

Results

In total, 43 nursing students participated in the study, 22 (51%) in MOBICPR-IG and 21 (49%) in WL-CG. There were differences between the MOBICPR-IG and the WL-CG in theoretical knowledge (P=.04) but not in practical skills (P=.45) after MOBICPR game playing at home. No difference was noted in the retention of participants’ theoretical knowledge and practical skills of adult BLS after a 2-week break from playing the MOBICPR game (P=.13). Key observations included challenges in response checks with a face-down manikin and a general neglect of safety protocols when using an automated external defibrillator.

Conclusions

Playing the MOBICPR game at home has the greatest impact on improving the theoretical knowledge of adult BLS in nursing students but not their practical skills. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating diverse scenarios into adult BLS training.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05784675); https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05784675
Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella in Anhui Province, China, 2012-2021: Surveillance Study (Preprint)
Authors: Xuan Kun , Zhang Ning , Li Tao , Pang Xingya , Li Qingru , Zhao Tianming , Wang Binbing , Zha Zhenqiu , Tang Jihai
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Varicella is a mild, self-limited disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Recently, the disease burden of varicella has been gradually increasing in China; however, the epidemiological characteristics of varicella have not been reported for Anhui Province.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021, which can provide a basis for the future study and formulation of varicella prevention and control policies in the province.

METHODS

Surveillance data were used to characterize the epidemiology of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021 in terms of population, time, and space. Spatial autocorrelation of varicella was explored using the Moran index (Moran I). The Kulldorff space-time scan statistic was used to analyze the spatiotemporal aggregation of varicella.

RESULTS

A total of 276,115 cases of varicella were reported from 2012 to 2021 in Anhui, with an average annual incidence of 44.8 per 100,000, and the highest incidence was 81.2 per 100,000 in 2019. The male-to-female ratio of cases was approximately 1.26, which has been gradually decreasing in recent years. The population aged 5-14 years comprised the high-incidence group, although the incidence in the population 30 years and older has gradually increased. Students accounted for the majority of cases, and the proportion of cases in both home-reared children (aged 0-7 years who are not sent to nurseries, daycare centers, or school) and kindergarten children (aged 3-6 years) has changed slightly in recent years. There were two peaks of varicella incidence annually, except for 2020, and the incidence was typically higher in the winter peak than in summer. The incidence of varicella in southern Anhui was higher than that in northern Anhui. The average annual incidence at the county level ranged from 6.61 to 152.14 per 100,000, and the varicella epidemics in 2018-2021 were relatively severe. The spatial and temporal distribution of varicella in Anhui was not random, with a positive spatial autocorrelation found at the county level (Moran I=0.412). There were 11 districts or counties with high-high clusters, mainly distributed in the south of Anhui, and 3 districts or counties with high-low or low-high clusters. Space-time scan analysis identified five possible clusters of areas, and the most likely cluster was distributed in the southeastern region of Anhui.

CONCLUSIONS

This study comprehensively describes the epidemiology and changing trend of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021. In the future, preventive and control measures should be strengthened for the key populations and regions of varicella.
AI-Based Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Chan Pin Zhong , Jin Eric , Jansson Miia , Chew Han Shi Jocelyn
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Current blood glucose monitoring (BGM) methods are often invasive and require repetitive pricking of a finger to obtain blood samples, predisposing individuals to pain, discomfort, and infection. Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring (NIBGM) is ideal for minimizing discomfort, reducing the risk of infection, and increasing convenience.

OBJECTIVE

This review aimed to map the use cases of artificial intelligence (AI) in NIBGM.

METHODS

A systematic scoping review was conducted according to the Arksey O’Malley five-step framework. Eight electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane-Central Library, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore) were searched from inception until February 8, 2023. Study selection was conducted by 2 independent reviewers, descriptive analysis was conducted, and findings were presented narratively. Study characteristics (author, country, type of publication, study design, population characteristics, mean age, types of noninvasive techniques used, and application, as well as characteristics of the BGM systems) were extracted independently and cross-checked by 2 investigators. Methodological quality appraisal was conducted using the Checklist for assessment of medical AI.

RESULTS

A total of 33 papers were included, representing studies from Asia, the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa published between 2005 and 2023. Most studies used optical techniques (n=19, 58%) to estimate blood glucose levels (n=27, 82%). Others used electrochemical sensors (n=4), imaging (n=2), mixed techniques (n=2), and tissue impedance (n=1). Accuracy ranged from 35.56% to 94.23% and Clarke error grid (A+B) ranged from 86.91% to 100%. The most popular machine learning algorithm used was random forest (n=10) and the most popular deep learning model was the artificial neural network (n=6). The mean overall checklist for assessment of medical AI score on the included papers was 33.5 (SD 3.09), suggesting an average of medium quality. The studies reviewed demonstrate that some AI techniques can accurately predict glucose levels from noninvasive sources while enhancing comfort and ease of use for patients. However, the overall range of accuracy was wide due to the heterogeneity of models and input data.

CONCLUSIONS

Efforts are needed to standardize and regulate the use of AI technologies in BGM, as well as develop consensus guidelines and protocols to ensure the quality and safety of AI-assisted monitoring systems. The use of AI for NIBGM is a promising area of research that has the potential to revolutionize diabetes management.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Associated Factors: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: McKee Hayley , Eder Lihi , Jerome Dana , Mirza Reza D , Obetta Chikaodili , Pek Elisabeth , Piguet Vincent , Alhusayen Raed
Published: April 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

The prevalence of and factors associated with musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) have yet to be elucidated. Given the association between HS and inflammatory comorbidities, understanding the burden of MSK symptoms in patients with HS is crucial for patient-centered care. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of and factors associated with MSK symptoms in patients with HS. A cross-sectional study of 78 consecutive patients recruited between November 2021 and February 2023 with a dermatology-confirmed diagnosis of HS, irrespective of MSK symptoms, was performed. The average age of participants (n=78) was 37 (SD 12.2) years, and the average age at symptom onset was 23 (SD 12.1) years; 54% (n=42) of participants identified as women, and 46% (n=36) as men. The most common comorbidities included depression (n=17, 22%) and preexisting arthritis (n=12, 16%). Approximately 24% (n=18) of participants reported prolonged morning stiffness. In a multivariate regression, depression was significantly associated with morning stiffness (odds ratio [OR] 6.1, 95% CI 1.4-26.1; P=.02), while female sex was significantly associated with arthralgia (OR 19.1, 95% CI 1.6-235.2; P=.02). Every patient with depression reported arthralgia. We highlight the high prevalence of MSK symptoms among patients with HS and note the interplay between depression and MSK symptoms, with each one potentially contributing to the other.
Integrating Clinical Data and Medical Imaging in Lung Cancer: Feasibility Study Using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model Extension (Preprint)
Authors: Ji Hyerim , Kim Seok , Sunwoo Leonard , Jang Sowon , Lee Ho-Young , Yoo Sooyoung
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital transformation, particularly the integration of medical imaging with clinical data, is vital in personalized medicine. The Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM) standardizes health data. However, integrating medical imaging remains a challenge.

OBJECTIVE

This study proposes a method for combining medical imaging data with the OMOP CDM to improve multimodal research.

METHODS

Our approach included the analysis and selection of digital imaging and communications in medicine header tags, validation of data formats, and alignment according to the OMOP CDM framework. The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources ImagingStudy profile guided our consistency in column naming and definitions. Imaging Common Data Model (I-CDM), constructed using the entity-attribute-value model, facilitates scalable and efficient medical imaging data management. For patients with lung cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2017, we introduced 4 new tables—IMAGING_STUDY, IMAGING_SERIES, IMAGING_ANNOTATION, and FILEPATH—to standardize various imaging-related data and link to clinical data.

RESULTS

This framework underscores the effectiveness of I-CDM in enhancing our understanding of lung cancer diagnostics and treatment strategies. The implementation of the I-CDM tables enabled the structured organization of a comprehensive data set, including 282,098 IMAGING_STUDY, 5,674,425 IMAGING_SERIES, and 48,536 IMAGING_ANNOTATION records, illustrating the extensive scope and depth of the approach. A scenario-based analysis using actual data from patients with lung cancer underscored the feasibility of our approach. A data quality check applying 44 specific rules confirmed the high integrity of the constructed data set, with all checks successfully passed, underscoring the reliability of our findings.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings indicate that I-CDM can improve the integration and analysis of medical imaging and clinical data. By addressing the challenges in data standardization and management, our approach contributes toward enhancing diagnostics and treatment strategies. Future research should expand the application of I-CDM to diverse disease populations and explore its wide-ranging utility for medical conditions.
Leveraging Generative AI To Improve Motivation and Retrieval in Higher Education Learners (Preprint)
Authors: Monzon Noahlana
Published: April 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) presents novel approaches to enhance motivation, curriculum structure and development, and learning and retrieval processes for both learners and instructors. Though a key focus for this emerging technology is academic misconduct, we sought to leverage GAI in curriculum structure to facilitate educational outcomes. For instructors, GAI offers innovative tools within both core course design elements and the broader hidden curriculum while reducing backend time requirements to evaluate outcomes and providing individualized learner feedback. These include innovative instructional designs such as flipped classrooms and gamification, enriching teaching methodologies with focused and interactive approaches, and team-based exercise development, among others. For learners, GAI offers unprecedented self-directed learning opportunities, improved cognitive engagement, and effective retrieval practices, leading to enhanced autonomy, motivation, and knowledge retention. Though empowering, this evolving landscape has integration challenges and ethical considerations, including accuracy, technological evolution, loss of learner voice, and socio-economic disparities. Our experience demonstrates that responsible application of GAI's in educational settings will revolutionize learning practices, making education more accessible and tailored – producing positive motivational outcomes for both learners and instructors. Thus, we argue that leveraging GAI in educational settings will improve outcomes with implications extending from primary through higher and continuing education paradigms.
Bersiasat Melawan Saudara Tua: Mobilisasi dan Resistensi Perempuan Indonesia pada Masa Penjajahan Jepang
Authors: Daradjati Keke Pahlevi
Published: April 2024

The Japanese invasion of Indonesia in 1942 was driven by an urgent need for essential resources to support the Japanese effort to fight against the Allies. In its mobilisation plan, Japan placed women within the domestic sphere, providing daily informal services to support Japanese colonial policies. By analysing the Japanese propaganda materials and official documents chronologically, this paper found that there is the manipulation of several aspects of a gender policy for women, which were increasingly influenced by war conditions. Japan demands adherence to specific constructions about how women should act as citizens. In this regard, Indonesian women who chose collaboration and non-collaboration paths were adept at rearranging strategies so that the struggle continued as much as possible. To some extent, women could take advantage of the mass mobilisation facilities and roles that Japan had allocated to foster socio-economic improvements and efforts towards Indonesia’s political independence.
Dampak Limbah Industri Pengolahan Ikan Terhadap Lingkungan di Muncar, Banyuwangi, 1970-2017
Authors: Juliansyah Mohammad Ramdan
Published: April 2024

This paper aimed to explain the impact of industrial waste in Muncar since 1970-2017. The negative impact was related to the fishing industry that disposed their waste over the river. The research using environmental history approach to analyze this phenomenon and using newspaper, archive, magazine, and interview as the sources. The analysis showed that the impact of industrial waste in Muncar causes water pollution and air pollution. Since 2000s, the pollution had been gone worse. Uniquely, the data showed that villages inhabitants had been gained a profit from it. They were utilized the waste to be proceeded as fish oil, fish meal powder, and cattle food.
Barisan Tani Indonesia (BTI) pada Masa Revolusi Indonesia, 1945-1950
Authors: Alfarius Willy
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the process of forming Barisan Tani Indonesia (BTI) in 1945, the work programs they offered to improve the welfare of the peasants, and the dynamics that occurred within the organization throughout the Indonesian Revolution (1945-1949). In particular, this article highlights the emergence of ideas and discourses that are used as a basis for determining their work programs. This article uses historical methods to explore various sources such as newspapers and magazines published in the period in context and previous studies on the BTI. This article argues that agricultural modernization was one of the most dominant work agendas raised and offered by BTI. Discourse regarding agricultural modernization appears in various publications they produce. They consider agricultural modernization to be an important key to improving the welfare of Indonesian peasants, as has happened in Europe and America. However, throughout the first five years of BTI's existence, especially during the Indonesian Revolution, many work programs were not implemented due to the war situation. Following the end of the War of Independence in 1949, the BTI could reorganize its organization and carry out its work program, marked by the Third BTI Congress in 1950.
Novel medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols rich structured lipids enriched in n-3 polysaturated fatty acids encapsulated by spray drying: Characterization and stability
Authors: Khan Imad , Hussain Mudassar , Khan Adil , Jiang Bangzhi , Zheng Lei , Hossan Shamim , AL-Ansi Waleed , Zou Xiaoqiang
Published: April 2024

Novel MLCTs-rich SLs, enriched with n-3 PUFAs, were synthesized to combine the benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and medium-chain FAs (MCFAs). However, these SLs were susceptible to oxidative degradation. To solve this issue, the MLCT-rich SLs were microencapsulated using different wall materials through spray drying technique. Initially, in this study three formulations of different wall materials were designed: modified starch/maltodextrin [MS/MD (2:1)], gum Arabic/maltodextrin [GA/MD (2:1)], and mixed [MIX (MS:GA:MD, 1:1:1)]. Subsequently, all the three formulations were analysed. The analysis included encapsulation yield, encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, hygroscopicity, water activity, density properties, Carr's index, cohesiveness, flowability, porosity, wettability, solubility, color, and relative crystallinity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to identify the chemical structure of the microcapsule powder. The moisture content ranged from 1.71% to 3.45%, while water activity ranged from 0.17 to 0.31 of all formulations, indicating suitability for long-term storage. Additionally, the highest microencapsulation yield (93.23%) and microencapsulation efficiency (93.74%) were achieved with GA/MD formulation. GA/MD also exhibited the highest relative crystallinity (32.50%). Moreover, FTIR analysis confirmed the successful encapsulation of the oil in the microcapsules. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed spherical shapes without any visible cracking on the surfaces of the microcapsules. Besides, GA/MD formulation demonstrated better results in density properties, flowability, porosity, and wettability. During the oxidative stability, GA/MD microencapsulation provided the best protection against lipid oxidation. These findings highlight the effectiveness of using GA/MD formulation for the production of microcapsule powders containing MLCTs-rich SLs.
Impact of Hazardous Chemical Compounds on the Reproductive System Reported in Sanitary Products
Authors: Avhad Prof. Pooja
Published: April 2024

Abstract: A particular group of routine essentials, feminine hygiene items, might expose women to plasticizers and antimicrobial agents. The entire world produces and uses a vast amount of chemicals, some of which may be harmful to reproductive health. The majority of chemicals and work environments have not been investigated for their potential to harm reproductive systems up to this point. The Republic of Korea and other recently industrialized nations have accumulated chemicals and other toxicants quickly, endangering well-being, especially their reproductive systems. (UTC) Women frequently utilize feminine hygiene products (FHPs) as personal care products. ( 2 )According to a broad review, sanitary pads have an impact on endometriosis, vaginal microflora, and vulvar or vaginal skin. Female health has also been found to be impacted by social contexts, such as the use of hygiene products or puberty education. (temp) Chemicals that are dangerous now or in the future are included in the category of sanitary products. Infertility, ovarian cancer, skin rashes, and skin darkening are just a few of the problems that can arise from using sanitary products that contain hazardous chemicals and harm the reproductive system. menstrual cycle imbalance. Sanitary products contain a variety of substances, including VOC, furans, phthalates, bisphenols, and dioxin. Jppd Diapers and sanitary pads are composed of synthetic plastic materials, which may leak when being used. In the present study, the quantities of phthalates (DBP, DEHP, DEP, and BBP) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (methylene chloride, toluene, and xylene) in sanitary pads and diapers were measured.
ON ERRORS WHEN REPLACING NON-BIFURCATIONAL STABILITY PROBLEMS FOR ELASTIC FRAMES WITH BIFURCATIONAL ONES
Authors: Manuylov Gaik , Kosytsyn Sergey , Begichev Maxim
Published: April 2024

The method of replacing the existing distributed load with an equivalent load in the form of concentrated forces applied at the nodes is often used in frame stability problems. This replacement of the initial flexural equilibrium with an unbended tension-compression equilibrium introduces certain errors in the calculated values ​​of critical loads. These errors can be of different signs (ie, the calculated "pseudo-bifurcation" critical force can be either greater than the actual one or less than it). The paper demonstrates the errors of such a load change on the example of frame stability problems.
FILTRATION AND TEMPERATURE REGIME OF A FROZEN-TYPE SOIL DAM IN THE CRYOLITHOZONE
Authors: Aniskin Nikolay , Sergeev Stanislav , Bokov Ilia
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the solution of a joint temperature filtration problem is considered in relation to a soil dam in a cryolithozone. The dam is designed according to one of the principles adopted for the design and construction of structures in such climatic conditions. A description of the methodology used is given. Using the PLAXIS software package, a numerical solution to the problem was obtained, taking into account the phased construction of the structure, repair and reconstruction of the structure caused by the occurrence of an emergency situation after rapid filling of the reservoir. The obtained results of solving the temperature filtration problem revealed problems with ensuring the "frozen" regime of the structure and the need to take additional measures for this.
The new Federal State Educational Standard and sociological imagination: A few words about poor sociological (and not demoscopic) education
Authors: Trotsuk I. V
Published: April 2024

The article presents some thoughts about the reasons for the current extreme concern of the Russian professional sociological community about the model of training proposed by the Federal State Educational Standard of the fourth generation. In the first part of the article, the author briefly summarizes general problems of higher education, which are typical not only for the Russian university system but also, to one degree or another, for most national approaches to professional training (massification, commercialization, bureaucratization, digitalization, loss of university autonomy and institutional independence for the sake of socialeconomic reproduction, a decrease in the quality of training of future specialists and in the authority of the university teacher, etc.). In the second, main part of the article, the author refers to the respected sociological works and expert assessments to identify main reasons for the professional sociological community’s concern about the proposed radical change in the model of sociological training. Certainly, there is a number of obvious risks with “qualitative” variability, such as the priority of the political-science orientation, reduction in the volume of disciplines fundamentally important for sociological training, difficulty in mastering special professional competencies in a shorter period, unclear prospects for the full-time teaching staff of sociological departments, etc. However, the main danger is that the proposed model of sociological training would be unable to develop the main professional skill of the competent researcher (and not the demoscopist/practitioner) - sociological imagination, which requires longterm “slow reading” and constant methodological reflection.
Sociologist 4.0: Challenges and risks for the professional sociological education
Authors: Obraztsov I. V
Published: April 2024

The Russian system of the professional sociological education, if we date its institutionalization to the creation of the first sociological faculties in the USSR in 1989, has functioned for more than thirty years. However, in the coming years, this education will have the most difficult period in its development due to the transition to a new two-level model of higher education and to the adoption of the Federal State Educational Standard of the 4th generation (FSES 4). The implementation of these plans creates certain challenges: 1) sociological training would lose the status of an independent enlarged group of specialties (EGS) and would be included into the political sciences EGS; 2) the suggested program of joint training of sociologists with representatives of political sciences in the first two years of study would reduce the study time for mastering sociological academic disciplines; 3) there are certain contradictions between the basic and specialized levels of higher education due to the suggested expanded opportunities for basic-level graduates to enroll in graduate school. Moreover, such issues as the target numbers for the EGS, mechanisms for their distribution between areas of training and possibility of simultaneous training in ‘related’ specialties have not been resolved. These challenges create risks for sociology of maintaining its status of a specialty, and, ultimately, a threat to its independence and identity. The author suggests some measures to develop the professional sociological education and to maintain its status under the current reform of the national higher education system, which is primarily the restoration of the sociological EGS in the List of Areas of Training in Higher Education, which would make the new FSES 4 focus on the related areas of training and improve the quality of sociological education.
Towards a unified conceptual framework for studies of altitudinal migration: linguistic nuances, taxonomic prevalence, and emerging opportunities
Authors: Pluym David Vander , Mason Nicholas
Published: April 2024

The study and importance of altitudinal migration has attracted
increasing interest among zoologists. Altitudinal migrants are
taxonomically widespread and move across environmental gradients that
transect altitudinal and latitudinal gradients as partial or complete
migrants, subjecting them to a wide array of environments and ecological
interactions. Here, we present a brief synthesis of recent development
and suggest future directions towards a more taxonomically inclusive
conceptual framework for the study of altitudinal migration. Our
framework centers on a working definition of altitudinal migration that
highlights the biological relevance and scale of movement for a given
taxon and its life history. Even with a revised definition, however, the
distinction between the narrower phenomenon of migration and wider study
of movement often blurs. We discuss nuances of altitudinal movements and
encourage comparisons among taxa from divergent lineages and biomes that
encounter different ecological interactions and physiological challenges
across their annual cycles. We also summarize new opportunities,
methods, and challenges for the ongoing study of altitudinal migration.
A persistent, primary challenge is characterizing the taxonomic extent
of altitudinal migration within and among species. Fortunately, a host
of new methods have been developed to help researchers assess the
taxonomic prevalence of altitudinal migration—each with their own
advantages and disadvantages. An improved conceptual framework of
altitudinal migration will allow researchers that study disparate
disciplines and taxonomic groups to better communicate and operate in a
comparative framework to test hypotheses regarding the evolutionary and
ecological drivers underlying variation in altitudinal migration among
populations and species.
Toolpath Generation for Automated Wind Blade Finishing Operations
Authors: Huth Hunter , Nichols Casey , Lambert Scott , Sindler Petr , Berry Derek , Barnes David , Beach Ryan , Snowberg David
Published: April 2024

Incorporating automation into wind turbine blade manufacturing is
important for reducing costs to meet current offshore wind energy
production goals in the United States. This work proposes a process for
automating three operations in wind blade manufacturing: trimming to
remove flashing left over after bonding two blade skins together,
grinding to produce a desired leading-edge shape, and sanding to prepare
the blade for bonding overlamination or adding paint to the surface. The
majority of this work focuses on the toolpath generation. The algorithms
were tested on a 5-m blade section, and the results were analyzed in
terms of operation speed and accuracy. Finally, future work is discussed
to improve the performance of the system.
Variability of agronomic traits in vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes
Authors: Zec Srdjan , Cervenski Janko , Savic Aleksandra , Danojevic Dario , Ilin Zarko , Ignjatov Maja
Published: April 2024

In this study, a total of 12 vegetable pea genotypes of different growing
seasons were subjected to phenotypic characterization. The vegetable pea
genotypes are a part of the collection maintained at the Institute of Field
and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad. The plant material included 10 promising lines
and two released cultivars, Tamis and Dunav. The trial was carried out in
2022. It was set up at the Rimski Sancevi site, as a randomized block design
in five replications. A total of 14 agronomic traits were analyzed. The
obtained research results revealed divergence in the investigated plant
material. The statistical significance of all sources of variation was
determined by the LSD test. The height of the first fertile node was found
to be the most variable feature, with a coefficient of variation of 40.54%.
The tested genotypes were clustered into two groups and two subgroups within
the second group. The correlation analysis of the examined quantitative
traits revealed the presence of several statistically significant positive
and negative correlations. Some of the most significant positive
correlations were established between the grain weight per plant and the
number of grains per plant and the yield of technologically mature grain,
while the pod width and the number of fertile nodes per plant had the most
negative correlations with the other tested traits.
Computational modeling of heat transfer and flow separation in supersonic cooled nozzles: Parametric study
Authors: Bensayah Khaled , Kamri Khadidja
Published: April 2024

Flow separation is necessary for the construction of a rocket engine nozzle. Regenerative cooling is one of the most significant criteria for the safety of wall nozzles because of the high temperature and pressure in the thrust chamber. A review of a comprehensive numerical investigation of the boundary-layer separation and heat transfer in a 30?-15? cooled nozzle is presented. The accuracy of the SST-V turbulence model in this study was numerically investigated. For this purpose and for a wide range of chamber conditions, the effects of various parameters, such as wall temperature, turbulent Prandtl number, and constant specific heat ratio vary from 1.31 to 1.4 for constant fluid properties for N2O, CH4, Cl2, and air, respectively. The variable specific heat ratio ranged from 1.39 to 1.66 for variable fluid properties for air, CH4, O2 and helium, respectively, and we investigated how various parameters impact the position of flow separation and local wall heat transfer.
Research on fluid heat transfer characteristics of heat pipe radiator directly driven by heat pump
Authors: Niu Jianhui , Liang Zheng , Xu Shuxue
Published: April 2024

The heat pipe radiator directly driven by heat pump heating system has the ad-vantages of fast heat transfer and high energy efficiency. Based on the empirical heat transfer formula, the heat and mass transfer process in the heat pipe radiator was studied. The key parameters in the empirical heat transfer formula were de-rived by combining with the experimental data. The distribution of the thickness of the condensate film and the heat transfer coefficient in the height direction of the heat pipe radiator was analyzed. The influence of the working fluid condensate mass and vapour mass in the heat pipe radiator was investigated. The results showed that the thickness of the liquid film changes from the bottom of 0.1110 mm to the top of 0.0594 mm along the height of the heat pipe. The minimum charge of working fluid is 1.78 kg to 1.81 kg and the heating COP of the system still reach to 3.14 even at the outdoor temperature of -12.6?C.
Experimental investigation on the performance of compressed air energy storage using spray-based heat transfer
Authors: Yu Qihui , Gao Shengyu , Sun Guoxin , Qin Ripeng
Published: April 2024

Near-isothermal compression and expansion may be accomplished by injecting water droplets into the air during the process to increase the overall efficiency. However, little is known about the relationship between spray system parameters and compressed air energy storage (CAES). Furthermore, the experiments about CAES using spray-based heat transfer have not been investigated. The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between the performance of CAES and the spray system parameters by experimentally. The parameters including the spray closing time, the spray opening time, and the nozzle diameter are discussed. Results show that under the same operating conditions, the maximum air pressure in compression chamber reach to constant value when the spray closing time is 0.6 seconds, and spraying water mist within 0.6-1.2 seconds has no heat exchange effect on the air in the cylinder. During the compression process, the smaller the nozzle diameter is, the higher maximum pressure in compression chamber is. During the expansion process, if we ignore the energy consumption of spray system, the larger the nozzle diameter is, the more the expansion output is. Further investigation is recommended to optimize spray parameters based on different CAES systems.
Experimental analysis of vapour compression refrigeration system using nano lubricant with refrigerant R-134a
Authors: Shewale Vinod , Kapse Arvind , Sonawane Vijay
Published: April 2024

It has been proved that due to addition of nanoparticals to the refrigerant results in improvement in thermophysical properties and heat transfer characteristics of the primary refrigerant, which improves the COP of the refrigeration system. In this experimental analysis of vapour compression system, the performance study has been carried out by preparing the nanolubricant. In this experimental study, three cases are considered. The compressor of the system filled with pure polyolester (POE) oil, SUNISO-3GS oil and POE + TiO2 nanoparticles as lubricant. In the nanolubricant, the volume concentration of the nanoparticles is 0.2%. The experimental study shows that vapour compression refrigeration sys-tem works smoothly with nanorefrigerant. In this experimental study, it has observed that when nanolubricant used in place of traditional POE oil, the refrigerating effect has been increased and the compressor power consumption has reduced by 27% and the refrigeration system COP improves by 29%. The analysis shows that the enhancement factor in the evaporator is 1.2 when nanorefrigerants are used instead of pure refrigerant. The properties of refrigerant like thermal conductivity and density are also studied for the nanolubricant by using the Labview software, in which the thermal conductivity and the density of R134a and nanolubricant mixture are observed higher in comparison with the R134a and pure lubricant mixture.
Flow and heat transfer characteristics of high pressure natural gas in the gaps of high-speed motors with a high radius ratio
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Yuan Yichao
Published: April 2024

A motor stator-gap-rotor model is established based on the numerical heat transfer theory by using the finite volume method. The flow evolution of high-pressure natural gas in the gap with a radius ratio of 0.971 is investigated. The results demonstrate that the flow patterns of high pressure natural gas in the motor gap can be categorized into turbulent, spiral Taylor-Couette, and turbulent Taylor-Couette flow. The flow ranges are determined based on the Ta/Re2. Then, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the cooling medium in the gap under different flow regimes as well as the mechanism of locally enhanced heat transfer in the gap by the Taylor-Couette flow are explored. Finally, the mathematical expressions for the Nusselt number of motor gap are determined in terms of the Reynolds number, Taylor number, and Prandtl number by fitting using the L-venberg-Marquardt and global optimization methods. Using these expressions, the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the motor gap can be predicted. Overall, this study provides useful and novel insights on the design of cooling systems for high-speed motors.
Modeling and controlling heat transfer in chambers: A comparative study of classical and intelligent approaches
Authors: Jovanovic Radisa , Vesovic Mitra , Perisic Natalija
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces non-linear approaches which include neural networks and ANFIS to identify and control heat transfer within a chamber. Initially, traditional linear models are obtained using transfer functions with delays through MATLAB identification tools. However, this traditional linear model failed to faithfully represent the system when the input was changed. This outcome was expected since linear models are reliable only within specific operational ranges. To create a novel model that is applicable across the entire state space, two alternative identification methods, utilizing neural networks and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system were introduced. After testing them with input data not used during the training, the models were compared and all of them showed satisfying results. In the continuation of the research, control techniques based on these techniques were presented. After assigning an arbitrary temperature as a reference signal, inverse models were made and four controllers in direct inverse control scheme were compared: three feedforward neural networks with different numbers of neurons in the hidden layer and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference controller. The results and possible improvements are discussed in the conclusion.
Phase angle effect on heat transfer and indicated power of free piston Stirling engine
Authors: Munir Umair , Naqvi Syed Murawat , Javaid Muhammad , Waqas Muhammad , Waqas Hafiz
Published: April 2024

In this work, a transient CFD analysis is performed to analyze the effects posed by changing the phase angle between the displacer and power piston in a free piston Stirling engine. The numerical model that is used for analysis is axisymmetric which contains live engine spaces (expansion and compression space) and dead spaces (heater, regenerator, and cooler). The displacer and power piston movements are defined by a user defined function. The results showed that the com?pression ratio and pressure wave amplitude are strong function of phase angle and peaked at 120? phase angle. The optimum phase angle is also changing with operating frequency. The suitable phase angle at 80 Hz is the range of 60-70?, but at a lower frequency around 50 Hz, its range is 80-100?. The results also showed that the heat transfer rate at the heater and cooler channels are influenced by the change of phase angle. The heat exchange at the heater and cooler is peaked at 90? and 100? phase angle, respectively. The flow losses from the heater, regenerator and cooler showed a rising trend with phase angle increase. The optimum phase angle was obtained by making a balance between phase angle effects and found the optimum range to be between 60?- 80? for peak power and efficiency.
Thermodynamics and nanotechnology for 5G communication technology and energy harvesting
Authors: Zhao Lei , Alsolami Abdulrahman , He Ji-Huan
Published: April 2024

5G communication technology has been skyrocketing, and has changed everything
in our daily lives, and its applications in various fields are also
promising. However, the thermal conductivity/dissipation problems of highly
integrated electronic devices and electrical equipment are becoming more and
more prominent, and thermodynamics offers a solution, and fractal
meta-surfaces provides an extremely efficient approach to transfer the
generated waste heat, which can be used for thermal energy harvesting, and a
fractal thermodynamic model is developed for thermal management.