bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Антибактериальное действие низкомолекулярного лейкоцитарного пептидного комплекса при экспериментальном перитоните
Authors: Волков А. , Волкова Л. , Заривчацкий М.
Published: August 2021

На модели экспериментального перитонита изучена клиническая эффективность антибактериального пептидного комплекса (АПК), ассоциированного с синтезом лейкоцитарного интерферона. Показано высокое терапевтическое действие АПК при лечении бактериальных инфекций.
Валидация процесса сухожаровой стерилизации на примере депирогенизационного туннеля
Authors: Семакин Ф. , Иванов А. , Спиридонова А. , Семакин М.
Published: August 2021

Представлен научно обоснованный методический подход по проведению квалификационных испытаний депирогенизационного туннеля на фармацевтическом производстве. Раскрывается содержание квалификации на этапах функционирования и эксплуатации с детальным описанием реализации каждого этапа.
Влияние метаболитов лекарственных растений на микроорганизмы микрофлоры человека
Authors: Молохова Е. , Сорокина Ю. , Несчисляев В.
Published: August 2021

Получены метаболитные комплексы плодов шиповника майского и корней барбариса обыкновенного. Исследована стимулирующая пробиотическая активность метаболитных комплексов на рост и активность лакто-и бифидобактерий. Изучено влияние метаболитных композиций на биолюминесцентный штамм E. сoli lux+ C50. Стимулирующее влияние метаболитной композиции плодов шиповника на рост лакто- и бифидобактерий, а также ингибирующий эффект в отношении тест-штамма Е. coli lux+ C50 указывают на возможность включения ее в состав пробиотических композиций. Экстракт из корней барбариса в ряде случаев ингибировал микроорганизмы нормофлоры и тест-штамм Е. coli lux+ C50, что показало на нецелесообразность использования данного комплекса в составе пробиотиков.
Economic Growth, Income Inequality and Poverty Trends in Pasture Area’s Householder in SujanagarUpazila, Pabna, Bangladesh: Implications for Development strategy
Authors:   University of Chittagong (Bangladesh), Ali Kazi Md. Barkat , Haque A. B. M Anamul ,   Pabna University of Science and Technology (Bangladesh)
Published: September 2021

The study is based on primary household level data obtained from a survey on income expenditure and poverty measures for 2020-21. The perceptual data were collected through field survey which was based on semi structural questionnaire. Total 162 selected samples were considered and simple random sampling techniques have been adopted during data collection. These factual data were collected from various secondary sources like books, journals, magazines, nationally and internationally published data etc. Human development indicators for 1996 have been compared with the study area (pasture area in SujanagarUpazila, Pabna district, Bangladesh). The empirical result shows the analysis of poverty, income inequality, economic growth & development scenario of pasture area’s in Sujanagarupazila, Pabna district, Bangladesh. The research found that 55% respondents live under the poverty line. The study also examines that these householders play an important contribution to the national GDP but their living level is below than standard one. If these areas’ householders’ development access were more available, they would return a great introduction to the society. This paper advises using anti-poverty policy, the concept of poverty minimizing inequality that the society should be tolerant ofattaining the goal of minimizing poverty. It is useful to differentiate between structural and transient causes of poverty. The provision of public goods plays an imperative role in fighting poverty. The government’s proper planning and initiatives, NGOs and Community based organization’s collaboration help build the study area as a socio-economic and environmentally friendly area in Bangladesh.
Factors Influencing Online Education during COVID-19 Pandemic: Sri Lankan Students’ Perspective
Authors: Sriyalatha M. A. K. , Kumarasinghe P. J.
Published: August 2021

This study examines the factors influencing online education for selected Sri Lankan universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also analyses the moderate effect of gender and type of the university on online education. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire via google form from Management students in Sri Lankan selected universities. Data analysis was done through structural equations using analysis of moment structures (AMOS) version 22.0. Attitude, internet and related facilities, curriculum, and self-motivation were found to have a significant positive impact on online education, while workload & time have no significant effect on online education. Among four factors, the strongest influence was derived from self-motivation followed by the curriculum. We have not found significant differences among male and female students’ views on online education, while the impact from the type of university is different among the two categories. This study effectively guides policy makers and university administrators across the educational institutes to decide on continuing online education. It reveals some insights to the teachers, students, and parents to understand the significance of the modern online learning environment and its positive impact on the new learning mode. There is no study related to the factors associated with the impact of online education during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Sri Lankan context.
The Extent of New Product Development Partnership between Universities and the Manufacturing Firms in Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Munkaila, , Aigbavboa Clinton, , Thwala Wellington, Didibhuku.
Published: August 2021

The importance of new product development in building both technological and technical capacity of university and firm cannot be overemphasized. Collaborations between HE and industry in NPD is conceived as mutual interaction for skills acquisition and economic improvement. The study was designed to determine the extent of new product development partnership between HEIs and the manufacturing firms. A survey was conducted, and a sample of 400 was drawn from both HE and industry; the data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) software of EQS version 6.2.The results revealed that there is weak interaction between HE and industry, also there is no formal partnership between the two on new product development. in order to strengthen the mutual relationship, a conceptual model had been developed after a careful examination and assessment of the key factors of NPD and after preliminary CFA analysis conducted to establish the determinants of the main construct. A nine-factor model was then developed for university and industry. The study therefore recommends that higher education and industry adopt this new model for effective partnership on NPD.
Flora vascular de las montañas de Córdoba (Argentina): características y distribución de las especies a través del gradiente altitudinal
Authors: Giorgis Melisa Adriana , Palchetii María Virginia , Morero Rita , Cabido Marcelo , Chiapella Jorge O. , Cingolani Ana María
Published: September 2021

Introducción y Objetivos: Las montañas concentran gran parte de la biodiversidad del planeta y brindan importantes beneficios al ser humano. Con el objetivo de generar una herramienta clave para el manejo sostenible de los ecosistemas de montaña de Córdoba, nos propusimos presentar una lista exhaustiva de plantas vasculares y sus rangos altitudinales. 
M&M: Recopilamos 669 censos florísticos completos y 1178 inventarios parciales realizados a campo desde 2005 hasta 2020.
Resultados: Registramos 1069 especies de plantas: 147 exóticas, 143 endémicas de Argentina, 25 endémicas de Córdoba y San Luis y 19 endémicas de Córdoba. La mayoría de las especies encuentran su mediana altitudinal por debajo de los 1000 m. El recambio de especies hasta los 1250 msnm es lento, pero a partir de esta altitud comienza a acelerarse, y continúa de forma similar hasta el extremo más alto del gradiente. El 46% de las especies registradas han sido reportadas como medicinales, de ellas, 79 son exóticas, 36 endémicas de Argentina, dos endémicas de Córdoba y San Luis y dos exclusivas de Córdoba.
Conclusiones: El listado incluye el 60% de las especies citadas para Córdoba y el 65.5% de la flora medicinal registrada para la provincia. El extremo superior de las montañas, que representa menos del 10% de la superficie, concentra la mayor proporción y diversidad de especies endémicas del centro de Argentina. Nuestros resultados muestran la importancia de estas montañas para la conservación y el manejo sostenible de la biodiversidad de Córdoba, y representan una línea de base para futuros estudios.
Differential expression of heat shock protein family B (small) member 3 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding heat shock protein family B (small) member 3, HSPB3, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. HSPB3 expression was significantly lower in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. HSPB3 expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients with p53 mutant ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of HSPB3 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. HSPB3 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
The Economy of Attention and the Novel
Authors: Baumbach Sibylle
Published: August 2021

Many twenty-first-century novels have reacted to the changing economies of attention as well as to increasing anxieties about inattention and attention deficits. These ‘attention novels’ do not only include multiple shifts in narrative perspective, fragmented styles, and an aggregation of high-impact stimuli to bind readers’ attentional capacities: They also develop a multi-layered poetics of attention, which resonates with the politics of attention conducted by, for instance, the literary prize economy, and the increasing desire for fascination in a media-saturated age. Focussing on Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger (2008) and Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time (2003), this chapter explores the ways in which twenty-first-century novels relate to discourses on attention and attention deficits and introduces new approaches for analysing ‘attention narratives.’
I was a firefighter.pdf
Authors: McNamara Niamh , Mühlemann Neela Surangani , Stevenson Clifford , Haslam Catherine , Hill Rowena , Steffens Niklas K , Bentley Sarah
Published: August 2021

Retirement can be a challenging transition for many of the working population. Research using the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC) has documented the important health and well-being benefits of belonging to multiple groups when coping with this challenge. The present research focused on two aspects of the model that have been relatively unexplored in this body of work; notably, the impact on health of loss of meaningful identities central to self, and the role of group compatibility in the transition. The centrality of the firefighter identity to the self-concept makes this an ideal population with which to explore issues of loss of meaning and (in)compatibility through retirement. Thematic analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews with retired firefighters elucidated how the firefighter identity shapes the experience of retirement: 1) the centrality and intensity of the firefighter role resulted in a profound sense of loss of meaning in life among retired firefighters and 2) the demanding role hindered firefighters from engaging with other social groups, which many saw as incompatible, and left them socially isolated in retirement. Results also showed that some firefighters engaged in meaning replacement and social scaffolding to navigate these challenges. The findings are discussed in relation to developing SIMIC and providing recommendations to adequately support these and other emergency service occupations in their transition to retirement.
Differential expression of dystonin in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding dystonin, DST, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. DST expression was significantly lower in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. DST expression correlated with overall survival in patients with p53 mutant ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of DST is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. DST may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
POTENSI JUMPUN PEMBELON SEBAGAI EKOWISATA BERBASIS KELESTARIAN EKOSISTEM GAMBUT
Authors: Sulastri Epi , Pribadi Teguh , Indrayanti Asro' Laelani , Norsandi Dedy
Published: September 2021

Kepariwisataan alam berbasiskan kelestarian ekologi dan sosial saat ini semakin luas dikenal sebagai salah satu daya tarik ekonomi yang menguntungkan dan terus dipromosikan secara gencar dalam upaya konservasi alam. Ekowisata Jumpun Pembelom (EJP) merupakan salah satudestinasi wisata baru berupa kawasan ekosistem gambut yang masih alami. EJP berupa kawasan konservasi yang dikelola secara privat dan menjadi salah satu percontohan pengelolaan lahan gambut di Palangka Raya. Potensi EJP diukur untuk pengembangan ekowisata berkelanjutan.Sigi tentang karakteristik pengujung dilakukan untuk mengukur demografi pengunjung. Sedangkan, penilaian obyek dan daya tarik wisata alam (ODTWA) diterapkan untuk mengukur potensi pengembangan ekowisata. Pengunjung EJP umumnya adalah pengunjung dengantujuan khusus dengan misi pendidikan dan konservasi sebagai motivasi utamanya. Meskipun, memiliki potensi daya tarik wisata yang rendah. EJP sebagai ekowisata berbasis kelestarian ekosistem gambut layak dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Promosi dan penambahan sarana dan prasarana wisata alam dapat ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan
Human as machine: A discussion on the transformations and exhaustion of a metaphor
Authors: Pastor Alvaro
Published: August 2021

From Descartes' view of the body as machine, to Dennett's conception of the brain as a computer, our understanding of human beings is permeated with mechanical metaphors. Due to the history of failures of the machine metaphor to approach the complexity of human phenomena, and the availability of new scientific approaches to mind and body, we argue that the explanatory power of the metaphor has been exhausted. Contingency, diversity, non-linearity, self organization and the limits of the methods and instruments for scientific knowledge are highlighted as key factors to be considered in new perspectives in the scientific study of humans.
Marketing Anglophone World Literatures
Authors: Baumbach Sibylle
Published: August 2021

From the nineteenth century onwards, world literature has been closely connected to socio-economic reasoning, which has shaped (and continues to shape) how it is disseminated, received, and produced. Based on first marketing considerations by writers in the nineteenth century, this chapter outlines the importance of ‘glocal’ Anglophone literary markets and explores key developments and challenges in marketing Anglophone world literatures. In addition to investigating the seminal roles played by publishers, literary agents, and retailers, it discusses the impact of literary prizes, such as the Booker Prize, in the attention economy as well as growing trends of self-marketing, self-publishing, and the role of small online platforms in promoting national literatures and disseminating the works of both established and upcoming writers.
Differential expression of solute carrier family 24 member 2 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published and public microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding solute carrier family 24 member 2, SLC24A2, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. SLC24A2 expression was significantly lower in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. SLC24A2 expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients p53 mutant with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of SLC24A2 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. SLC24A2 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
Literature and Fascination_Introduction
Authors: Baumbach Sibylle
Published: August 2021

Exploring literary fascination as a key concept of aesthetic attraction, this book illuminates the ways in which literary texts are designed, presented, and received. Detailed case studies include texts by William Shakespeare, S.T. Coleridge, Mary Shelley, Bram Stoker, Oscar Wilde, Joseph Conrad, Don DeLillo, and Ian McEwan.
The Fascination with Crisis and the Crisis of Perception in Contemporary British Drama
Authors: Baumbach Sibylle
Published: August 2021

Based on considerations of the connection between fascination, crisis, and the “Medusa effect,” this paper argues that contemporary drama tends to challenge the audience’s sense of safe spectatorship by stimulating perceptual crises, returning the spectators’ gaze, and exposing their tendencies of (in)attentional blindness. Besides plays by Martin Crimp, Carol Ann Duffy, and Rufus Norris, the analysis focuses on James Graham’s Quiz (2017), which dramatizes one of the most popular scandals in the history of British game shows and challenges the audience’s capacity of moral attention. As I argue, Quiz engages the audience in multi-levelled crises (a crisis of knowledge, a crisis of perception, and a crisis of judgement), which stimulates conceptual blending, tests spectators’ response-ability on an ethical, aesthetic, and political level, and eventually allows them to overcome the perceptual crisis created in the course of the play.
Rooting New European Literature: A Reconsideration of the European Myth of the Postnational and Cynical Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Baumbach Sibylle
Published: August 2021

This essay focuses on the question of what constitutes “new European” literature and explores the potential and pitfalls of concepts such as the “postnational” or “cosmopolitanism” and their impact on European and “new European” literature. Following a brief overview of what has been perceived as “old” versus “new” European literature, it looks back at Europe’s founding myth and Moschus’ image of Europa, more specifically Europa’s dream, to reconsider the cosmopolitanism of European literature and reflect upon both the continuous strife for the postnational and the question of emergence of “new” European literature. Providing a critical outlook with the regard to the promotion and proliferation of new European literature, this essay explores literary genres which seem particularly effective for communicating new European values ideas, especially concepts of transnationalism or cosmopolitanism that are often associated with European culture. In this context, the essay proposes the hybrid genre of the Menippeian satire as an inherently cosmopolitan and transnational genre, which is based upon the continuous crossing of borders without completely overcoming them, and can thus assist the “new European” agenda of literature.
Differential expression of HOXA cluster antisense RNA 3 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published and public microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding HOXA cluster antisense RNA 3, HOXA-AS3, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. HOXA-AS3 expression was significantly lower in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. HOXA-AS3 expression correlated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of HOXA-AS3 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. HOXA-AS3 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
To Be Or Not To Be? Crisis and the Humanities in Germany
Authors: Baumbach Sibylle
Published: August 2021

Considering that a crisis marks a turning point, “both a moment of balance and a moment of unbalance, of decision and of indecision, of determination … and of indetermination” (Brown 1997: 10), and points towards the end of an old and the beginning of a new order, it can be regarded as productive: crises inspire changes, which might lead to the renewal of disciplines or prompt the development of (new) areas, such as, for instance, the study of culture or Kulturwissenschaften, which emerged from the crisis in the humanities in the 1990s (see Metten 2016: 5) as a field that seemed to respond to the increasing demand for applicability and connectivity in both research and teaching (cf. Wissenschaftsrat 2006: 13)....
Differential expression of potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published and public microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1, KCNMB1, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. KCNMB1 expression was significantly lower in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. KCNMB1 expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients p53 mutant with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of KCNMB1 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. KCNMB1 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
Interdisciplinarity, Gender Diversity, and Network Structure Predict the Centrality of AI Organizations
Authors: Vlasceanu Madalina , Dudik Miroslav , Momennejad Ida
Published: August 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) research plays an increasingly important role in society, impacting key aspects of human life. From face recognition algorithms aiding national security in airports, to software that advises judges in criminal cases, and medical staff in healthcare, AI research is shaping critical facets of our experience in the world. But who are the people and institutional bodies behind this influential research? What are the predictors of influence of AI researchers and research organizations? We study this question using social network analysis, in an exploration of the structural characteristics, i.e., network topology, of research organizations that shape modern AI. In a sample of 149 organizations with 9,987 affiliated authors of published papers in a major AI conference (NeurIPS) and two major conferences that specifically focus on societal impacts of AI (FAccT and AIES), we find that both industry and academic research organizations with influential authors are more interdisciplinary, more gender diverse, more hierarchical, and less clustered, even when controlling for the size of the organizations. Here, authors’ betweenness centrality in co-authorship networks is used as a measure of their influence. We also find that gender minorities (e.g., women) have less influence in the AI community, determined as lower betweenness centrality in co-authorship networks. These results suggest that while diversity adds significant value to AI research organizations, the individuals contributing to the increased diversity are marginalized in the AI field. We discuss these results in the context of current events with important societal implications.
Defining the psycho-social determinants of public transport use: An integrated theoretical approach
Authors: Morley Camilla , Milfont Taciano L , Bond Sophie
Published: August 2021

Car use is engrained in our culture. Changing behaviour towards using more sustainable travel modes such as public transport is notoriously difficult, despite the increasing awareness of environmental problems caused by car use. Many models have attempted to explain what psychological constructs activate pro-environmental behaviour. Models often adopt either an altruistic approach to pro-environmental behaviour such as Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour, or a pro-social approach using Schwartz’s norm-activation model, or Stern et al.’s value-belief-norm theory. This research tests the psychological constructs determining decisions to use public transport using an integrated environmental behaviour model recently proposed by Bamberg and Möser. The results support the integrated modelling approach. Intentions to use public transport are indirectly affected by awareness of environmental problems caused by car use mediated through social norms, guilt, perceived behavioural control and attitude. Intention to use public transport explains 56% of the variance in self-reported public transport behaviour. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Rapid automatized naming (RAN) as a kindergarten predictor of future reading: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McWeeny Sean , Choi SouJin , Choe June , Latourrette Alexander , Roberts Megan , Norton Elizabeth
Published: August 2021

AbstractRapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks have been shown to be a strong correlate of reading abilities. RAN also predicts future reading across different ages, ability levels, and languages, and is often used in literacy screening. Thus, understanding the specific relations between early RAN and later reading difficulties is important. In this systematic review and meta-analysis (with N = 68 samples; k = 373 effect sizes; n = 10,513 participants), we test the extent to which measures of RAN assessed before grade school predict later reading performance in English-speaking children. We also test whether characteristics of the RAN tasks, reading measures, or sample demographics moderate this relationship. We found that kindergarten/preschool RAN is correlated with grade-school reading at r = -.38, similar in magnitude to previous meta-analyses that included various ages and languages. We found that alphanumeric RAN tasks are particularly strongly related to future reading, as compared with non-alphanumeric tasks (p = .01) but that other features of the RAN task, such as the number of items, do not alter its predictive significance. RAN predicts all types of reading measures, but more strongly predicts real word than nonword reading (p < .001). These results support a shared cognitive resource model in which the similarity between RAN and reading tasks accounts for their correlation. We provide practical guidelines based on these data for early screening for reading difficulties and dyslexia.
Animal Training, Environmental Enrichment, and Animal Welfare: A History of Behavior Analysis in Zoos (Preprint)
Authors: Fernandez Eduardo J , Martin Allison L.
Published: August 2021

The modern zoo has been associated with two major behavioral welfare advances: (a) the use of training to increase voluntary husbandry care, and (b) the implementation of environmental enrichment to promote naturalistic behaviors. Both practices have their roots in behavior analysis, or the operant conditioning-centered, reward-based approach to behavioral psychology. Operant conditioning served as the foundation for the development of reinforcement-based training methods commonly used in zoos to make veterinary and husbandry procedures easier and safer for animals and their caregivers. Likewise, operant conditioning, with its focus on arranging environmental antecedents and consequences to change behavior, also provided a framework for successful environmental enrichment practices. In this paper, we outline the key individuals and events that shaped two of the cornerstones of the modern zoo: (1) the emergence of reward-based husbandry training practices, and (2) the engineering of environmental enrichment. In addition, we (3) suggest ways in which behavior analysis can continue to advance zoo welfare by (i) expanding the efficacy of environmental enrichment, (ii) using within-subject methodology, and (iii) improving animal-visitor interactions. Our goal is to provide a historical and contextual reference for future efforts to improve the well-being of zoo animals.
Strategic Identity Signaling in Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: van der Does Tamara , Galesic Mirta , Dunivin Zackary , Smaldino Paul E.
Published: August 2021

Individuals often signal identity information to facilitate assortment with partners who are likely to share norms, values, and goals. However, individuals may also be incentivized to encrypt their identity signals to avoid detection by dissimilar receivers, particularly when such detection is costly. Using mathematical modeling, this idea has previously been formalized into a theory of covert signaling. In this paper, we provide the first empirical test of the theory of covert signaling in the context of political identity signaling surrounding the 2020 U.S. presidential elections. We use novel methods relying on differences in detection between ingroup and outgroup receivers to identify likely covert and overt signals on Twitter. We strengthen our experimental predictions with a new mathematical modeling and examine the usage of selected covert and overt tweets in a behavioral experiment. We find that people strategically adjust their signaling behavior in response to the political constitution of their audiences and the cost of being disliked, in accordance with the formal theory. Our results have implications for our understanding of political communication, social identity, pragmatics, hate speech, and the maintenance of cooperation in diverse populations.
Externalisation in Refugee Sponsorship Through Refugee Status Determination Requirements
Authors: Van Haren Ian
Published: August 2021

Refugee Status Determination (RSD) processes are currently a requirement for some types of refugee sponsorship to Canada, which limits access to these programs. This paper discusses the 2012 decision to impose the RSD requirement for certain types of refugee sponsorship applications and the implications of this requirement on sponsors hoping to assist refugees who are unable to obtain the RSD documentation.
Non-state Schools in Nigeria
Authors: Saidu Ismail Datti , Ismail Anas Saidu
Published: August 2021

Indisputably, education in every society is pivotal to national development without which the society retrogresses. The world superpowers, the United States, China, Germany, UK, France, Canada, Japan e.t.c. are able to attain substantial economic growths as a result of educational advancement through quality schools that result in the production of quality education at all levels. In these countries, education in both states and non-states institutions is well funded to meetup their innovative demands and overcome challenges. This is not the case in Nigeria where education budgets are just below 15% of the total budget of the country hence, the degradation of public schools and the over-reliance on non-state schools. Regardless of the expansive growth experienced in the sector (non-state institutions), another danger looms as these schools are following the footsteps of their counterparts (state owned schools) towards unethical activities that threaten realisation of the general goals of education. This paper focuses on the basic education levels of primary and secondary schools. It looks into the activities of non-state schools that are not in tandem with the purpose of teaching and learning. The paper examines cases from the two largest states of Nigeria, Kano and Lagos wherein it analyses the situations and arrive at some valuable conclusions.
Institutional Funds of Knowledge
Authors: Castiello-Gutiérrez Santiago
Published: August 2021

This brief essay is an introduction to the theorization of institutional funds of knowledge (IFK) as an emerging concept along with its application in the context of organizational theory particularly around issues of higher education institutions (HEIs). IFK refers to the skills and knowledge that have been historically and culturally developed and practiced inside an organization (or a unit within the organization) and that translate into concrete beneficial outcomes for such organization by presenting an alternative to dominant practices. These ‘funds’ rely on the individual agency and on various forms of capital that members of the organization possess, and therefore share, until they permeate enough to become institutionalized practices. Contrary to other manifestations of organizational practices and organizational knowledge, institutional funds of knowledge are the recognition that such practices and knowledge stem from the individuals’ lived experiences in the margins. At the core of IFK lies a sense of individual agency that pushes an organization toward dissidence and innovation against perceived inequities stemming from imbalanced power relations (Rebughini, 2018); an agency that resists and redefines supra-institutional structures (Baez, 2000) where individuals work together to transform an organization with the joint power of their social network (Kiyama et al., 2012).
Because the Machine Can Discriminate: How Machine Learning Serves and Transforms Biological Explanations of Human Difference
Authors: Lockhart Jeffrey W
Published: August 2021

Research on scientific/intellectual movements, and social movements generally, tends to focus on resources and conditions outside the substance of the movements, such as funding and publication opportunities or the prestige and networks of movement actors. Drawing on Pinch’s (2008) theory of technologies as institutions, I argue that research methods can also serve as resources for scientific movements by institutionalizing their ideas in research practice. I demonstrate the argument with the case of neuroscience, where the adoption of machine learning changed how scientists think about measurement and modeling of group difference. This provided an opportunity for members of the sex difference movement by offering a ‘truly categorical’ quantitative methodology that aligned more closely with their understanding of male and female brains and bodies as categorically distinct. The result was a flurry of publications and symbiotic relationships with other researchers that rescued a scientific movement which had been growing increasingly untenable under the prior methodological regime of univariate, frequentist analyses. I call for increased sociological attention to the inner workings of technologies that we typically black box in light of their potential consequences for the social world. I also suggest that machine learning in particular might have wide-reaching implications for how we conceive of human groups beyond sex, including race, sexuality, criminality, and political position, where scientists are just beginning to adopt its methods.
'Only Connect:’ The Aesthetics of Fragmentation and Mindful Literary Studies.
Authors: Baumbach Sibylle
Published: August 2021

This paper explores the aesthetics of fragmentation and its impact on 21st-century fiction. As argued in this article, one of the principal tasks of literary studies in the 21st century is to engage in cross-disciplinary attention studies and assess the complex function of ‘literary attention’ in the greater attention economy which characterises contemporary Western cultures.
Demographic shifts, inter-group contact, and environmental conditions drive language extinction and diversification
Authors: Coelho1 Marco Tulio Pacheco , Haynie Hannah J. , Bowern Claire , Colwell Robert K , Greenhill Simon J. , Kirby Kathryn R. , Rangel Thiago F. , Gavin Michael C.
Published: August 2021

Humans currently collectively use thousands of languages1,2. The number of languages in a given region (i.e. language “richness”) varies widely3–7. Understanding the processes of diversification and homogenization that produce these patterns has been a fundamental aim of linguistics and anthropology. Empirical research to date has identified various social, environmental, geographic, and demographic factors associated with language richness3. However, our understanding of causal mechanisms and variation in their effects over space has been limited by prior analyses focusing on correlation and assuming stationarity3,8. Here we use process-based, spatially-explicit stochastic models to simulate the emergence, expansion, contraction, fragmentation, and extinction of language ranges. We varied combinations of parameter settings in these computer-simulated experiments to evaluate the extent to which different processes reproduce observed patterns of pre-colonial language richness in North America. We find that the majority of spatial variation in language richness can be explained by models in which environmental and social constraints determine population density, random shocks alter population sizes more frequently at higher population densities, and population shocks are more frequently negative than positive. Language diversification occurs when populations split after reaching size limits, and when ranges fragment due to population contractions following negative shocks or due to contact with other groups that are expanding following positive shocks. These findings support diverse theoretical perspectives arguing that language richness is shaped by environmental and social conditions, constraints on group sizes, outcomes of contact among groups, and shifting demographics driven by positive innovations, such as new subsistence strategies, or negative events, such as war or disease.
THE "HERO" CONCEPT: THE PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION
Authors: Sokolova Bogdana
Published: September 2021

The concept of «hero» bears reflections of many eras. Despite its long history, starting with myth and epic, as well as different views on its nature, there is a certain basis in the phenomenon of heroism that feeds the culture of different times and peoples and resonates in the human soul as a stable archetype. The article raises the problem of interpreting the phenomenon of heroism, its refractions in cultural and philosophical concepts as well as the problem of their relevance to the inner deep meaning of the phenomenon itself. The article presents the author’s analysis of the fundamental concept of heroism, which can be found in the Living Ethics, one of the philosophical systems of Russian cosmism of the early twentieth century.
TIM THALER'S EXAMPLE IS CONTAGIOUS: THE RIGHT TO PUBLICITY AS AN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT
Authors:   INION RAN, Afanasieva E.A. , Afanasieva E.G.
Published: September 2021

Most of the articles presented in this review were written in order to discuss the recently published J. Rothman’s book «The right of publicity: Privacy reimagined for a public world». We are talking about a specific intellectual right recognized by most of the US states - the right of a person to control the commercial use of elements of her personality.
LESSONS OF PREDICTABLE IRRATIONALITY
Authors:   INION RAN, Bobrova Lyubov
Published: September 2021

The review examines the views on thinking, on the ratio of rational and irrational in human behavior and its emotionality, expressed in the works of D. Arieli.
BIOETHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENETICS
Authors:   INION RAN, Letov Oleg
Published: September 2021

The review is devoted to the ethical problems of the development of genetics. It is noted that the XXI century has become revolutionary for biomedical sciences, completely new methods and technologies have been developed in bioengineering, synthetic biology, molecular genetics. To solve a bioethical problem, for example, gene editing, it is necessary to determine the problem of the essence of a person, because the embryo does not have a generally accepted status in the world. The new personalized medicine of the future makes the birth of healthy offspring even from unhealthy parents as one of its main tasks.
BYZANTINE SYMPHONY AND AUTOCRACY : DIALECTICS OF THE CIVILIZATIONAL MIND. PART II
Authors:   INION RAN, Skvortsov Lev
Published: September 2021

The influence of the Byzantine Symphony on state policy in Russia is considered. It is noted that the interaction of the Patriarch and the Tsar was aimed at influencing Christian morality to mitigate the power aspect of the autocracy's policy and the influence of the Tsar on the behavior of his entourage. The author analyzes the historical contradictions of this process that emerged during the reign of Ivan the terrible and Peter the Great, and the reasons for the abolition of the Patriarchate, and the consequences of the concentration of state and spiritual power in the hands of the autocrat. The factors influencing the reanimation of the philosophy and logic of the Byzantine Symphony in its transformed form - in relation to modern conditions-are considered.
The Subcontinent Falls Apart: Communal Violence and Religious Intolerance in Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan
Authors: Abdullah Md Abu Shahid
Published: September 2021

The aim of the article is to show the breakdown of trust and harmony among people from different religious and communal background caused by the partition as depicted in Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan. The article also focuses on the way the novel criticises the indifference of men with power and authority, and the passivity and fear of social, political and religious leaders over the communal violence during and after the partition. Last but not the least, the article also highlights the way the novel portrays the love between a Sikh boy and a Muslim girl where the Sikh boy Juggut Singh sacrifices himself in order to save his beloved Nooran and consequently saves the life of thousands of Muslims targeted for massacre.
Employees’ Perception towards the Merger and Acquisition of Bank and Financial Institutions of Nepal
Authors: Bajgai Ganesh , Pradhan Radheshyam
Published: August 2021

Merger and acquisition an outcome of consolidating two or more than two companies in one institution. Merger and acquisition both are the tools of consolidating the companies. The study was conducted with the objective to identify the employees’ perception towards the merger and acquisition of bank and financial institutions of Nepal. The study was conducted among the 385 respondents of financial institutions. The respondents were randomly selected for the questionnaire survey. The study was based on the quantitative design so statistical analysis was done to compare the perception between category A and B bank. The result shows that there was significant association between the employees of category A and B bank on their perception towards the contribution of merger and acquisition. majority of the respondents had positive perception towards the effectiveness of merger and acquisition to improve the service quality, organizational performance, exchange organizational culture, maximizing the profit and revenue, increase the credit rating of banks, introduce the new service and facilities, implement the new innovative ideas. So, it has encouraged financial institutions to go in process of merger and acquisition for the better performance and sustainability of institutions.
Barriers to Organizational Change Management in Hotel Industry of Nepal
Authors: Chalise Dhan Raj
Published: August 2021

In initial period, organizational changes are asks for entire hospitality industry. Thus, this research paper reveals what are the barriers for organizational change management in hotel sectors of Nepal which can help them for gaining spark on Nepalese market once again.: Hotels sectors of Nepal are affected by array of factors which can influence organizational performance. This is the component of success for enhancement of performance of hotel sector. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the factors influencing organizational performance in hotel sector of Nepal. This research is based on hotel sector’s organizational changes and the barriers for adaptation of such changes. The study of hotel sector is done with self-structured questionnaire and mostly data are collected from primary sources. To justify the results, researcher has adopted quantitative research design and SPSS software is used for data analysis. The research has identified the essence of organizational changes in hotel sector. In the time of financial plummeted of Nepalese economy, hospitality sector are hardly hit by global pandemic. Thus, hotel sector need new plan and strategies for achieving success. Through organizational changes, hotel sector can slowly and steadily moves business in path of positives. So, hotel sector has to identify barriers of organizational change management and has to act accordingly to achieve success in this critical hour.  Nepalese economy after hard hit by global pandemic has slowly started to move in towards path of recovery. To step up Nepalese economy in decent path every sector need to contribute. Hotel sector being the important hub of national GDP has to recover from crises for development of country. Therefore, hotel sector with organizational change management can enhance their profitability. This research in this regard is helpful for Nepalese hotel sector to identify and adopt such changes. This research paper is the summarization of results carried on primary data collected from questionnaire. The research is done on data collected from field so is highly reliable.
Descriptive Study on Liver Cancer among Alcohol consumer and Smokers
Authors: Bhatta Pramod , Khanal Shankar P.
Published: August 2021

Liver cancer is one of the significant cancer types affecting the human population taking their lives. The study aimed to analyze the situation of liver cancer among alcohol consumers and smokers together, and it was conducted in BPKMCH, Chitwan. The data was collected from the year 2009 to 2013 AD. Randomly selected 160 cancer cases and analyzed the data. The finding suggested that most of the liver cancer patients drank alcohol and smoking cigarettes. The study indicated that there is still a need to investigate further the role of alcohol and smoking in the cancer genesis among them.