bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Automatic Generation Control Method Based on the Ecological Population Cooperative Control for the Islanded Smart Grid
Authors: Xi Lei , Li Yudan , Huang Yuehua , Lu Ling , Chen Jianfeng
Published: August 2018

To achieve automatic generation control coordination in the islanded smart grid environment resulted from the increasing penetration of renewable energy, a novel ecological population cooperative control (EPCC) strategy is proposed in this paper. The proposed EPCC, based on the new win‐loss criterion and the time tunnel idea, can compute the win‐loss criterion accurately and converge to Nash equilibrium rapidly. Moreover, based on a multiagent system stochastic consensus game (MAS‐SCG) framework, a frequent information exchange between agents (AGC units) is implemented to rapidly calculate optimal power command, which achieves the optimal cooperative control of the islanded smart grid. The PDWoLF‐PHC(λ), WPH strategy (wolf pack hunting), DWoLF‐PHC(λ), Q(λ)‐learning, and Q‐learning are implemented into the islanded smart grid model for the control performance analysis. Two case studies have been done, including the modified IEEE standard two‐area load frequency control power system model and the islanded smart grid model with distributed energy and microgrids. The effectiveness, stronger robustness, and better adaptability in the islanded smart grid of the proposed method are verified. Compared with five other smart ones, EPCC can improve convergence speed than that of others by nearly 33.9%–50.1% and the qualification rate of frequency assessment effectively by 2%–64% and can reduce power generation cost.
Memories of the Gold Foreign Exchange Market Based on a Moving V-Statistic and Wavelet-Based Multiresolution Analysis
Authors: Zheng Peng , Liu Bin , Zhou Zhongli
Published: August 2018

Memory in finance is the foundation of a well-established forecasting model, and new financial theory research shows that the stochastic memory model depends on different time windows. To accurately identify the multivariate long memory model in the financial market, this paper proposes the concept of a moving V-statistic on the basis of a modified R/S method to determine whether the time series has a long-range dependence and subsequently to apply wavelet-based multiresolution analysis to study the multifractality of the financial time series to determine the initial data windows. Finally, we check the moving V-statistic estimation in wavelet analysis in the same condition; the paper selects the volatilities of the gold foreign exchange rates to evaluate the moving V-statistic. According to the results, the method of testing memory established in this paper can identify the breakpoint of the memories effectively. Furthermore, this method can provide support for forecasting returns in the financial market.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network Used in Single Sample per Person Face Recognition
Authors: Zeng Junying , Zhao Xiaoxiao , Gan Junying , Mai Chaoyun , Zhai Yikui , Wang Fan
Published: August 2018

Face recognition (FR) with single sample per person (SSPP) is a challenge in computer vision. Since there is only one sample to be trained, it makes facial variation such as pose, illumination, and disguise difficult to be predicted. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a scheme combined traditional and deep learning (TDL) method to process the task. First, it proposes an expanding sample method based on traditional approach. Compared with other expanding sample methods, the method can be used easily and conveniently. Besides, it can generate samples such as disguise, expression, and mixed variation. Second, it uses transfer learning and introduces a well-trained deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model and then selects some expanding samples to fine-tune the DCNN model. Third, the fine-tuned model is used to implement experiment. Experimental results on AR face database, Extend Yale B face database, FERET face database, and LFW database demonstrate that TDL achieves the state-of-the-art performance in SSPP FR.
Well Performance Simulation and Parametric Study for Different Refracturing Scenarios in Shale Reservoir
Authors: Huang Jing , Ren Lan , Zhao Jinzhou , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Junli
Published: August 2018

Refracturing is an encouraging way to uplift gas flow rate and ultimate gas recovery from shale gas wells. A numerical model, considering the stimulated reservoir volume and multiscale gas transport, is applied to simulate the gas production from a refractured shale gas well. The model is verified against field data from a shale gas reservoir in Sichuan Basin. Two refracturing scenarios: refracturing through existing perforation clusters and refracturing through new perforation zones, are included in the simulation work. Three years after production is determined to be the optimum time for refracturing based on the evolution analysis of reservoir pressure, effective stress, fracture permeability, and gas recovery. The role that the hydraulic fracture conductivity and hydraulic fracture half-length play in gas production for different refracturing cases is explored. Pumping parameters of the refracturing job in Sichuan Basin are discussed combining with sensitivity analysis, and suggestions for pumping parameters optimization are proposed.
Hybrid Utilization of Loading Techniques and Cavity Groove for Performance Enhancement of the UWB (2–18 GHz) Spiral Antenna
Authors: Hamza Muhammad , Khan Wasif T.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents, for the first time, the hybrid use of loading techniques (which involve terminating the spiral arms with different structures to give a resistive or capacitive effect) and a novel technique of cavity groove in order to enhance the performance of two-arm, cavity-backed, 2–18 GHz spiral antenna. The antenna is made on Duroid 5880 and has the smallest form factor (50 mm diameter), meeting all the performance metrics, which are targeted for efficient performance of a spiral antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. Measured results match the simulated results and show that by the utilization of hybrid loading and cavity groove, the gain is increased by a factor of 3.65 dBi and the axial ratio is improved by 2.73 dB at (2 GHz) as compared to a simple Archimedean antenna made on Duroid 5880, without increasing the size. The proposed antenna shows 2.25 dB more gain and improved axial ratio performance as compared to a simple Archimedean spiral antenna made on Tmm4, without the utilization of the hybrid techniques proposed earlier in the literature.
A Biologically Inspired Approach for Robot Depth Estimation
Authors: Martinez-Martin Ester , del Pobil Angel P.
Published: August 2018

Aimed at building autonomous service robots, reasoning, perception, and action should be properly integrated. In this paper, the depth cue has been analysed as an early stage given its importance for robotic tasks. So, from neuroscience findings, a hierarchical four-level dorsal architecture has been designed and implemented. Mainly, from a stereo image pair, a set of complex Gabor filters is applied for estimating an egocentric quantitative disparity map. This map leads to a quantitative depth scene representation that provides the raw input for a qualitative approach. So, the reasoning method infers the data required to make the right decision at any time. As it will be shown, the experimental results highlight the robust performance of the biologically inspired approach presented in this paper.
Predicting Wireless MmWave Massive MIMO Channel Characteristics Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Bai Lu , Wang Cheng-Xiang , Huang Jie , Xu Qian , Yang Yuqian , Goussetis George , Sun Jian , Zhang Wensheng
Published: August 2018

This paper proposes a procedure of predicting channel characteristics based on a well‐known machine learning (ML) algorithm and convolutional neural network (CNN), for three‐dimensional (3D) millimetre wave (mmWave) massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) indoor channels. The channel parameters, such as amplitude, delay, azimuth angle of departure (AAoD), elevation angle of departure (EAoD), azimuth angle of arrival (AAoA), and elevation angle of arrival (EAoA), are generated by a ray tracing software. After the data preprocessing, we can obtain the channel statistical characteristics (including expectations and spreads of the above‐mentioned parameters) to train the CNN. The channel statistical characteristics of any subchannels in a specified indoor scenario can be predicted when the location information of the transmitter (Tx) antenna and receiver (Rx) antenna is input into the CNN trained by limited data. The predicted channel statistical characteristics can well fit the real channel statistical characteristics. The probability density functions (PDFs) of error square and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of channel statistical characteristics are also analyzed.
Functional Ex Vivo Assay Reveals Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Breast Cancer Beyond BRCA Gene Defects
Authors: Meijer Titia G. , Verkaik Nicole S. , Sieuwerts Anieta M. , van Riet Job , Naipal Kishan A.T. , van Deurzen Carolien H.M. , den Bakker Michael A. , Sleddens Hein F.B.M. , Dubbink Hendrikus-Jan , den Toom T. Dorine , Dinjens Winand N.M. , Lips Esther , Nederlof Petra M. , Smid Marcel , van de Werken Harmen J.G. , Kanaar Roland , Martens John W.M. , Jager Agnes , van Gent Dik C.
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

Tumors of germline BRCA1/2 mutated carriers show homologous recombination (HR) deficiency (HRD), resulting in impaired DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and high sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Although this therapy is expected to be effective beyond germline BRCA1/2 mutated carriers, a robust validated test to detect HRD tumors is lacking. In this study, we therefore evaluated a functional HR assay exploiting the formation of RAD51 foci in proliferating cells after ex vivo irradiation of fresh breast cancer tissue: the recombination REpair CAPacity (RECAP) test.

Experimental Design:

Fresh samples of 170 primary breast cancer were analyzed using the RECAP test. The molecular explanation for the HRD phenotype was investigated by exploring BRCA deficiencies, mutational signatures, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and microsatellite instability (MSI).

Results:

RECAP was completed successfully in 125 of 170 samples (74%). Twenty-four tumors showed HRD (19%), whereas six tumors were HR intermediate (HRi; 5%). HRD was explained by BRCA deficiencies (mutations, promoter hypermethylation, deletions) in 16 cases, whereas seven HRD tumors were non-BRCA related. HRD tumors showed an increased incidence of high TIL counts (P = 0.023) compared with HR proficient (HRP) tumors and MSI was more frequently observed in the HRD group (2/20, 10%) than expected in breast cancer (1%; P = 0.017).

Conclusions:

RECAP is a robust functional HR assay detecting both BRCA1/2-deficient and BRCA1/2-proficient HRD tumors. Functional assessment of HR in a pseudo-diagnostic setting is achievable and produces robust and interpretable results.
PSMA Ligand PET/MRI for Primary Prostate Cancer: Staging Performance and Clinical Impact
Authors: Grubmüller Bernhard , Baltzer Pascal , Hartenbach Sabrina , D’Andrea David , Helbich Thomas H. , Haug Alexander R. , Goldner Gregor M. , Wadsak Wolfgang , Pfaff Sarah , Mitterhauser Markus , Balber Theresa , Berroteran-Infante Neydher , Grahovac Marko , Babich John , Seitz Christian , Kramer Gero , Susani Martin , Mazal Peter , Kenner Lukas , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Hacker Marcus , Hartenbach Markus
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

Primary staging of prostate cancer relies on modalities, which are limited. We evaluate simultaneous [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET (PSMA-PET)/MRI as a new diagnostic method for primary tumor–node–metastasis staging compared with histology and its impact on therapeutic decisions.

Experimental Design:

We investigated 122 patients with PSMA-PET/MRI prior to planned radical prostatectomy (RP). Primary endpoint was the accuracy of PSMA-PET/MRI in tumor staging as compared with staging-relevant histology. In addition, a multidisciplinary team reassessed the initial therapeutic approach to evaluate its impact on the therapeutic management.

Results:

PSMA-PET/MRI correctly identified prostate cancer in 119 of 122 patients (97.5%). Eighty-one patients were treated with RP and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The accuracy for T staging was 82.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 73–90; P < 0.001], for T2 stage was 85% (95% CI, 71–94; P < 0.001), for T3a stage was 79% (95% CI, 43–85; P < 0.001), for T3b stage was 94% (95% CI, 73–100; P < 0.001), and for N1 stage was 93% (95% CI, 84–98; P < 0.001). PSMA-PET/MRI changed the therapeutic strategy in 28.7% of the patients with either the onset of systemic therapy/radiotherapy (n = 16) or active surveillance (n = 19).

Conclusions:

PSMA-PET/MRI can provide an accurate staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer. In addition, treatment strategies were changed in almost a third of the patients due to the information of this hybrid imaging technique.
Early-Life Alcohol Intake and High-Grade Prostate Cancer: Results from an Equal-Access, Racially Diverse Biopsy Cohort
Authors: Michael Jamie , Howard Lauren E. , Markt Sarah C. , De Hoedt Amanda , Bailey Charlotte , Mucci Lorelei A. , Freedland Stephen J. , Allott Emma H.
Published: August 2018

Epidemiologic evidence for an association between alcohol and prostate cancer is mixed. Moreover, there is a lack of research investigating early-life alcohol intake as a risk factor for either overall or high-grade prostate cancer. We examined lifetime alcohol intake in association with prostate cancer diagnosis in an equal-access, racially diverse prostate biopsy cohort. Men undergoing prostate biopsy at the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center from 2007 to 2018 completed a survey indicating average number of alcoholic beverages consumed per week [categorized as none (ref), 1–6, ≥7] during each decade of life. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between alcohol intake across decades and diagnosis of overall, low-grade [grade group (GG) 1–2] and high-grade prostate cancer (GG 3–5). Of 650 men ages 49–89 who underwent biopsy, 325 were diagnosed with prostate cancer, 238 with low-grade and 88 with high-grade disease. Relative to nondrinkers, men who consumed ≥7 drinks/week at ages 15 to 19 had increased odds of high-grade prostate cancer diagnosis (OR = 3.21, Ptrend = 0.020), with similar findings for ages 20 to 29, 30 to 39, and 40 to 49. Consistent with these results, men in the upper tertile of cumulative lifetime intake had increased odds of high-grade prostate cancer diagnosis (OR = 3.20, Ptrend = 0.003). In contrast, current alcohol intake was not associated with prostate cancer. In conclusion, among men undergoing prostate biopsy, heavier alcohol intake earlier in life and higher cumulative lifetime intake were positively associated with high-grade prostate cancer diagnosis, while current intake was unrelated to prostate cancer. Our findings suggest that earlier-life alcohol intake should be explored as a potential risk factor for high-grade prostate cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 11(10); 621–8. ©2018 AACR.
Glycogen Hepatopathy: A Rare and Underrecognized Cause of Recurrent Transaminitis in Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kumar Kishore , Mehershahi Shehriyar , Chime Chukwunonso , Tariq Hassan , Nayudu Suresh Kumar , Chilimuri Sridhar
Published: August 2018

Glycogen hepatopathy (GH), characterized by reversible transaminitis and hepatomegaly, results from excessive accumulation of glycogen in hepatocytes. GH has been well described in the literature as a rare cause of transaminitis in children and young patients with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus and has rarely been reported in type 2 diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are believed to be a metabolic substrate for hepatic glycogen accumulation and in order to cause glycogen hepatotoxicity. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with poorly controlled insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes who was hospitalized twice within 1 month with diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state and reversible transaminitis. Interestingly, she had normal liver function tests performed at the time of admission and transaminitis was noted 1 day later, after she was treated with high doses of intravenous insulin therapy. Subsequently, liver enzymes recovered to normal levels with optimization of glucose control.
Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy in Diffuse Thickened Esophageal Wall in an Adolescent
Authors: Smirnov Alexander A. , Burakov Aleksandr N. , Shvetsov Aleksandr N. , Blinov Egor V. , Semenikhin Kirill D. , Konkina Nadezhda V. , Dvoreckij Sergey Y.
Published: August 2018

Achalasia is an extremely rare pathology in children. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of achalasia in adults, but only a limited number of cases of achalasia treatment using POEM in children have been published in the literature. Sometimes, high-resolution manometry signs of achalasia can mimic diffuse esophageal leiomyoma. This case report represents the first known successful performance of POEM on a 15-year-old female with diffuse thickening of the esophagus with signs and symptoms of achalasia and suspicion for Alport syndrome associated with diffuse esophageal leiomyoma.
Imperatorin Targets MCL-1 to Sensitize CD133+ Lung Cancer Cells to γδ-T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Authors: You Changxuan , Yang Yu , Gao Beili
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: CD133+ cancer cells display low sensitivity to anti-cancer treatment; thus, combination treatment with adjuvant drugs is required to improve the efficiency of cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of imperatorin, a linear furanocoumarin compound, on γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against CD133+ lung cancer cells. Methods: CD133+ and CD133- subgroups from A549 and PC9 lung cancer cells were sorted by using flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of γδ T cells against cancer cells was evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in the co-culture system was determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential, expression of death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5 on the cell surface, and rate of apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Cytochrome c release and cellular protein expression were detected by western blot analysis. Results: Compared with CD133- cells, CD133+ cells were resistant to γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. However, imperatorin significantly increased the sensitivity of CD133+ lung cancer cells to γδ T cell treatment in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, we found that myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1), an important anti-apoptotic protein belonging to the Bcl-2 family, was overexpressed in CD133+ A549 and PC9 cells compared to their corresponding CD133- cells. Co-treatment with imperatorin and γδ T cells suppressed the expression of MCL-1, and thus promoted the mitochondrial apoptosis mediated by γδ T cells in CD133+ A549 and PC9 lung cancer cells. Conclusion: Up-regulated MCL-1 in CD133+ lung cancer cells is responsible for their resistance to γδ T cells. Furthermore, the combination of γδ T cells with imperatorin sensitized CD133+ lung cancer cells to γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity by targeting MCL-1.
Long Noncoding RNA EGFR-AS1 Promotes Cell Proliferation by Increasing EGFR mRNA Stability in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hu Jiaojiao , Qian Yingying , Peng Lipan , Ma Ling , Qiu Tianzhu , Liu Yiqian , Li Xiao , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: LncRNA EGFR-AS1 is an antisense transcript of EGFR, which plays a key role in gastric cancer progression. This study was aimed to explore the effects of lncRNA EGFR-AS1 on GC and the underling mechanisms. Methods: The silencing of EGFR-AS1 expression was performed by using EGFR-AS1 shRNA lentivirus in MGC803 and SGC-7901 GC cell. The levels of lncRNA EGFR-AS1 and EGFR were detected by qPCR and western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8, EdU, and colony formation assays. The EGFR mRNA stability was explored by using RNA synthesis inhibitor α-amanitin. Results: In our study, EGFR-AS1 significantly up-regulated in GC tissues and correlated with tumor size. And the expression of EGFR-AS1 positively correlated with EGFR in tissues. Moreover, knock-down of EGFR-AS1 inhibited the proliferation of GC cells via suppressing EGFR-dependent PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro and in vivo. Mechanismly, depletion of EGFR-AS1 was found to decrease EGFR expression by reduction of EGFR mRNA stability. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that EGFR-AS1 might have an oncogenic effect on GC and serve as a potential target of GC.
Oxidative Stress is the Principal Contributor to Inflammasome Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells with Defunct Proteasomes and Autophagy
Authors: Piippo Niina , Korhonen Eveliina , Hytti Maria , Kinnunen Kati , Kaarniranta Kai , Kauppinen Anu 
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: Previously, we demonstrated that blockade of the intracellular clearance systems in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by MG-132 and bafilomycin A1 (BafA) induces NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Here, we have explored the activation mechanisms behind this process. NLRP3 is an intracellular receptor detecting factors ranging from the endogenous alarmins and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to ultraviolet radiation and solid particles. Due to the plethora of triggers, the activation of NLRP3 is often indirect and can be mediated through several alternative pathways. Potassium efflux, lysosomal rupture, and oxidative stress are currently the main mechanisms associated with many activators. Methods: NLRP3 inflammasomes were activated in human RPE cells by blocking proteasomes and autophagy using MG-132 and bafilomycin A1 (BafA), respectively. P2X7 inhibitor A740003, potassium chloride (KCl), and glyburide, or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), and mito-TEMPO were added to cell cultures in order to study the role of potassium efflux and oxidative stress, respectively. IL-1β was measured using the ELISA method. ATP levels and cathepsin B activity were examined using commercial kits, and ROS levels using the fluorescent dye 2´,7´-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). Results: Elevated extracellular potassium prevented the priming factor IL-1α from inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also prevented IL-1β release after exposure of primed cells to MG-132 and BafA. Inflammasome activation increased extracellular ATP levels, which did not appear to trigger significant potassium efflux. The activity of the lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin B, was reduced by MG-132 and BafA, suggesting that cathepsin B was not playing any role in this phenomenon. Instead, MG-132 triggered ROS production already 30 min after exposure, but treatment with antioxidants blocking NADPH oxidase and mitochondria-derived ROS significantly prevented IL-1β release after this activating signal. Conclusion: Our data suggest that oxidative stress strongly contributes to the NLRP3 inflammasome activation upon dysfunctional cellular clearance. Clarification of inflammasome activation mechanisms provides novel options for alleviating pathological inflammation present in aggregation diseases, such as age-related macular disease (AMD) and Alzheimer’s disease.
Memory Impairment Induced by Borna Disease Virus 1 Infection is Associated with Reduced H3K9 Acetylation
Authors: Jie Jie , Xu Xiaoyan , Xia Jinjun , Tu Zhe , Guo Yujie , Li Chenmeng , Zhang Xiong , Wang Haiyang , Song Weihong  , Xie Peng
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) infection induces cognitive impairment in rodents. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that Chromatin remodeling through histone acetylation can regulate cognitive function. In the present study, we investigated the epigenetic regulation of chromatin that underlies BoDV-1-induced cognitive changes in the hippocampus. Methods: Immunofluorescence assay was applied to detect BoDV-1 infection in hippocampal neurons and Sprague-Dawley rats models. The histone acetylation levels both in vivo and vitro were assessed by western blots. The acetylation-regulated genes were identified by ChIP-seq and verified by RT-qPCR. Cognitive functions were evaluated with Morris Water Maze test. In addition, Golgi staining, and electrophysiology were used to study changes in synaptic structure and function. Results: BoDV-1 infection of hippocampal neurons significantly decreased H3K9 histone acetylation level and inhibited transcription of several synaptic genes, including postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, BoDV-1 infection of Sprague Dawley rats disrupted synaptic plasticity and caused spatial memory impairment. These rats also exhibited dysregulated hippocampal H3K9 acetylation and decreased PSD95 and BDNF protein expression. Treatment with the HDAC inhibitor, suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), attenuated the negative effects of BoDV-1. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that regulation of H3K9 histone acetylation may play an important role in BoDV-1-induced memory impairment, whereas SAHA may confer protection against BoDV-1-induced cognitive impairments. This study finds important mechanism of BoDV-1 infection disturbing neuronal synaptic plasticity and inducing cognitive dysfunction from the perspective of histone modification.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Spirinia antipodea Leduc n. sp. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae), a cryptic species related to S. parasitifera, from the coast of New Zealand
Authors: Leduc Daniel , Zhao Zeng Qi
Published: August 2018

Spirinia parasitiferais a common nematode species recorded from coastal habitats of the White, North and Barents Seas, the Northwest Atlantic, the Maldives and Australia, and exhibits a high degree of variability in some morphological characters. For these reasons it has been suggested thatS. parasitiferais a species complex comprised of several distinct but potentially cryptic species. However, no study has yet combined molecular and morphological approaches to verify this assertion. Here, we describeS. antipodean. sp., a species morphologically very similar toS. parasitifera, from the coast of New Zealand.Spirinia antipodean. sp. differs from the original description ofS. parasitiferaas well as subsequent descriptions by other authors in at least one body dimension, but no single trait differs consistently between the New Zealand specimens and all descriptions ofS. parasitifera. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the new species is distinct from other species of the genus, includingS. parasitiferaspecimens sampled near the type locality. TheS. antipodean. sp. SSU sequence differed from otherSpiriniasequence by 2.1-5.3%, whilst D2-D3 of LSU sequences differed by 12.5-18.9%. The consensus SSU tree also recovered three distinctS. parasitiferaclades, which provides support for the existence of a species complex. Because it is not possible to determine whether the variability in morphological characters observed among descriptions ofS. parasitiferais intra- or interspecific, and therefore to determine which trait can reliably be used to differentiate betweenS. antipodean. sp. andS. parasitifera, the new species is best differentiated fromS. parasitiferaand other closely related species based on SSU sequences rather than morphological characters.
A new frog species from rapidly dwindling cloud forest streams of Sri Lanka—Lankanectes pera (Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)
Authors: SENEVIRATHNE GAYANI , SAMARAWICKRAMA V.A.M.P.K. , WIJAYATHILAKA NAYANA , MANAMENDRA-ARACHCHI KELUM , BOWATTE GAYAN , SAMARAWICKRAMA D.R.N.S. , MEEGASKUMBURA MADHAVA
Published: August 2018

The monotypic genus Lankanectes, considered an evolutionary long branch with India’s Nyctibatrachus as its sister lineage, is represented by L. corrugatus, a species widely distributed within the wet zone of Sri Lanka up to 1500 m asl, where it inhabits a variety of lotic and lentic habitats. Here, following an integrative taxonomic approach using DNA-based phylogenies, morphology, morphometry, and ecological niche models, we describe a new species—Lankanectes pera sp. nov. The new species is distinguished from its sister species mainly by its tuberculated throat and absence of dark patches on venter, throat, manus and pes. The uncorrected genetic distances between the two Lankanectes species for a fragment of the non-coding mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene is 3.5–3.7%. The new species has a very restricted climatic distribution with a total predicted area of only 360 km2 (vs. 14,120 km2 for L. corrugatus). Unlike L. corrugatus, which prefers muddy substrates and marshy areas, the new species is observed inhabiting only pristine streams flowing through canopy covered montane forests in the highest reaches of the Knuckles Mountain range. The specialized new species will need immediate conservation attention due to its restricted distribution (montane isolate), specialized habit of inhabiting clear mountain streams, and small population size.
Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata)
Authors: NICHOLSON KIRSTEN E. , CROTHER BRIAN I. , GUYER CRAIG , SAVAGE JAY M.
Published: August 2018

In a tour-de-force for anole biology, Poe et al. (2017) provide the most complete phylogenetic analysis of members of the family Dactyloidae yet attempted. The contribution is remarkable in the completeness of sampled taxa and breath of included characters. It is equally remarkable in the concordance of their consensus tree with the topology of previous phylogenetic inferences. Thus, the creation of a near-complete data matrix of extant taxa demonstrates that an asymptote in tree topological stability likely was reached in previous studies with more limited sampling (e.g. Alfoldi 2011, Jackman et al. 1999, Nicholson et al. 2012). Such a result provides hope that major lineages within the anole radiation can be examined consistently by scientists interested in parsing evolutionary patterns emerging within and among them.
Hurricane Bonnie (1998): Maintaining Intensity during High Vertical Wind Shear and an Eyewall Replacement Cycle
Authors: Dougherty Erin M. , Molinari John , Rogers Robert F. , Zhang Jun A. , Kossin James P.
Published: August 2018

Hurricane Bonnie (1998) was an unusually resilient hurricane that maintained a steady-state intensity while experiencing strong (12–16 m s−1) vertical wind shear and an eyewall replacement cycle. This remarkable behavior was examined using observations from flight-level data, microwave imagery, radar, and dropsondes over the 2-day period encompassing these events. Similar to other observed eyewall replacement cycles, Bonnie exhibited the development, strengthening, and dominance of a secondary eyewall while a primary eyewall decayed. However, Bonnie’s structure was highly asymmetric because of the large vertical wind shear, in contrast to the more symmetric structures observed in other hurricanes undergoing eyewall replacement cycles. It is hypothesized that the unusual nature of Bonnie’s evolution arose as a result of an increase in vertical wind shear from 2 to 12 m s−1 even as the storm intensified to a major hurricane in the presence of high ambient sea surface temperatures. These circumstances allowed for the development of outer rainbands with intense convection downshear, where the formation of the outer eyewall commenced. In addition, the circulation broadened considerably during this time. The secondary eyewall developed within a well-defined beta skirt in the radial velocity profile, consistent with an earlier theory. Despite the large ambient vertical wind shear, the outer eyewall steadily extended upshear, supported by 35% larger surface wind speed upshear than downshear. The larger radius of maximum winds during and after the eyewall replacement cycle might have aided Bonnie’s resiliency directly, but also increased the likelihood that diabatic heating would fall inside the radius of maximum winds.
Ishiguro and the abandoned child: The parody of international crisis and representation in When We Were Orphans
Authors: Dean Dominic
Published: August 2018

Returning to Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel When We Were Orphans (2000) from a current period of crisis in international responsibilities, the abandoned child at the novel’s centre gains renewed significance. Here, as in modern history, this child is peculiarly effective in activating such responsibilities, apparently transcending national borders. Reading Orphans through Ishiguro’s persistent engagements with international crises and his reception as a transnational author, this article ties two major strands in studies of Ishiguro — his complicated internationalism, and his critique of politics based on affect and identity. Orphans emerges here as a sustained parody of the failings of affect as a basis for both political representation and international action, prefiguring themes in Ishiguro’s later novels. Christopher Banks, the protagonist, is received as both the abandoned child and as that child’s Western rescuer, which leads to his ludicrous attempt to resolve a global crisis. Ishiguro’s parody of the culture that generates this attempt suggests that the collapse of aesthetics and politics into one another, even in the compelling figure of the abandoned child, perpetuates the very crises it seeks to resolve. This not only requires rereading Orphans within Ishiguro’s oeuvre; it emphasizes his renewed significance for a contemporary period struggling to avoid repeating the political and humanitarian disasters of the twentieth century.
High-speed autonomous quadrotor navigation through visual and inertial paths
Authors: Do Tien , Carrillo-Arce Luis C , Roumeliotis Stergios I
Published: August 2018

This paper addresses the problem of autonomous quadrotor navigation within indoor spaces. In particular, we focus on the case where a visual map of the area, represented as a graph of linked images, is constructed offline (from visual and potentially inertial data collected beforehand) and used to determine visual paths for the quadrotor to follow. In addition, during the actual navigation, the quadrotor employs both wide- and short-baseline random sample consensuses (RANSACs) to efficiently determine its desired motion toward the next reference image and handle special motions, such as rotations in place. In particular, when the quadrotor relies only on visual observations, it uses the 5pt and 2pt algorithms in the wide- and short-baseline RANSACs, respectively. On the other hand, when information about the gravity direction is available, significant gains in speed are realized by using the 3pt+1 and 1pt+1 algorithms instead. Lastly, we introduce an adaptive optical-flow algorithm that can accurately estimate the quadrotor’s horizontal velocity under adverse conditions (e.g., when flying over dark, textureless floors) by progressively using information from more parts of the images. The speed and robustness of our algorithms are evaluated experimentally using a commercial-off-the-shelf quadrotor navigating in the presence of dynamic obstacles (i.e., people walking) along lengthy corridors and through tight corners, as well as across building floors via poorly lit staircases.
Predictive Dynamic Speed Limit in a Connected Environment for a Weather Affected Traffic Network: A Case Study of Chicago
Authors: Mittal Archak , Kim Eunhye , Mahmassani Hani S. , Hong Zihan
Published: August 2018

Dynamic speed limits (DSLs) are used to improve safety and mobility on freeways in unfavorable traffic conditions due to recurring congestion, roadworks, incidents, or adverse weather. The evaluation of in-field deployment reveals that the effectiveness of DSLs can be hampered by low compliance rates or lack of inherent capacity. With the emergence of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, it is believed that the operation of DSLs will be able to take advantage of vehicle connectivity. In this paper, the effectiveness of the predictive DSL operation in a connected environment is investigated on the weather affected traffic network of Chicago city under different operational conditions. For the sensitivity test, different market penetration rates of connected vehicles are tested in microsimulation. Microscopic models are used to simulate information exchange by V2V or V2I communication. However, such an application over a large network with mixed traffic can be computationally expensive. A mesoscopic or macroscopic tool is needed that can scale and be computationally economical at the network level. This study integrates the microscopic aspect of V2V communication and the macroscopic for dynamic traffic assignment at a network level. The evaluation of effectiveness at network level is conducted by the Traffic Estimation and Prediction System (TREPS), which is a mesoscopic simulator. The results show, depending on the strategy applied, meaningful increases in both throughput and prevailing speed.
Indirect Tensile Test (IDT) to Determine Asphalt Mixture Performance Indicators during Quality Control Testing in New Jersey
Authors: Bennert Thomas , Haas Edwin , Wass Edward
Published: August 2018

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in incorporating performance testing during the mixture design and quality control testing of asphalt mixtures. The move toward utilizing performance related specifications (PRS) and balanced mixture design concepts have pushed the need for asphalt mixture performance testing to the forefront. Numerous researchers have proposed a variety of laboratory tests that have showed promise at predicting asphalt mixture performance, yet most of these test methods are never adopted due to a number of issues often cited by the asphalt industry: (1) equipment cost; (2) equipment/test method complexity; and (3) time/labor effort required. The research presented here summarizes the effort to evaluate the indirect tensile test (IDT) as a potential performance indicator for hot-mix asphalt that can be easily utilized during quality control testing at an asphalt plant. Utilizing the same test equipment and basic procedure, both high-temperature rutting and intermediate-temperature fatigue cracking can be evaluated in a timely manner. Comparison testing to more standardized and accepted rutting and fatigue cracking test methods have shown excellent agreement, indicating that the suite of IDT tests have potential for adoption within a quality control testing program. Examples of criteria are given utilizing the New Jersey Department of Transportation’s (NJDOT) PRS.
Safety Effects of Flashing Yellow Arrows Used in Protected Permitted Phasing: Comparison of Full Bayes and Empirical Bayes Results
Authors: Appiah Justice , King F. Adam , Fontaine Michael D. , Cottrell Benjamin H.
Published: August 2018

Using the flashing yellow arrow (FYA) signal indication for the permissive portion of protected-permissive left-turn (PPLT) phasing has become an increasingly popular treatment for left-turn signals as drivers are believed to understand the FYA better than the traditional circular green indication. A before-and-after safety evaluation of deploying FYA at PPLT signals at 28 intersections in Virginia was conducted. Each of the study intersections had FYA for the permitted portion of the phase on at least one left-turn approach. The focus was on left-turns that operated in the protected-permissive mode (with circular green indication for the permissive portion) before being converted to PPLT operations with the FYA indication for the permissive portion (PPLT-FYA). Crash records from before and after the activation of FYA were compared using both the full Bayes and empirical Bayes approaches. The results indicate that using the FYA signal indication instead of the circular green indication had a statistically significant effect in reducing overall frequency and severity of crashes. For the intersections studied in this research, total crashes reduced by 12% following conversion from PPLT to PPLT–FYA. The results also indicated that the full Bayes approach to safety effectiveness evaluation can, at a minimum, provide similar results to the well-established empirical Bayes approach. The 95% credible intervals for the expected crash reduction rates estimated with the full Bayes method were generally narrow, suggesting a good degree of confidence in the estimates.
Moral hypocrisy and the hedonic shift: A goal-framing approach
Authors: Lindenberg Siegwart , Steg Linda , Milovanovic Marko , Schipper Anita
Published: August 2018

The most investigated form of moral hypocrisy is pragmatic hypocrisy in which people fake moral commitment for their own advantage. Yet there is also a different form of hypocrisy in which people take a moral stance with regard to norms they endorse without thereby also expressing a commitment to act morally. Rather they do it in order to feel good. We call this hedonic moral hypocrisy. In our research, we posit that this kind of hypocrisy comes about when people’s overarching goals are shifted in a hedonic direction, that is, in the direction of focusing on the way one feels, rather than on moral obligation. Hedonic shifts come about by cues in the environment. People are sometimes sincere when expressing a moral stance (i.e. they mean it and also act on it), and sometimes, when they are subject to a hedonic shift, they express a moral stance just to make them feel good. This also implies that they then decline to do things that make them feel bad, such as behaving morally when it takes unrewarded effort to do so. In two experimental studies, we find that there is such a thing as hedonic moral hypocrisy and that it is indeed brought about by hedonic shifts from cues in the environment. This seriously undermines the meaning of a normative consensus for norm conformity. Seemingly, for norm conformity without close social control, it is not enough that people endorse the same norms, they also have to be exposed to situational cues that counteract hedonic shifts. In the discussion, it is suggested that societal arrangements that foster the focus on the way one feels and nurture a chronic wish to make oneself feel better (for example, in the fun direction through advertisements and entertainment opportunities, or in the fear direction by populist politicians, social media, economic uncertainties, crises, or wars and displacements) are likely to increase hedonic hypocrisy in society.
Weekly Rounding With the MICU Team: Description of a Clinical Ethics Project
Authors: Vig Elizabeth K.
Published: August 2018

Context:

Patients in medical intensive care units (MICUs) are medically complex. This complexity can lead to uncertainty about patient goals and prognosis. Ethical dilemmas arise when there is uncertainty about the clinically and ethically appropriate actions for managing seriously ill patients. Ethics and palliative care involvement may promote improved quality of care and reduced staff moral distress.

Project Description:

In this clinical project, a physician with ethics, palliative care, and geriatrics expertise attended morning rounds with the MICU team weekly. Data on the logistics and impact from the first 2 years of the project were collected.

Project Logistics and Preliminary Impact:

Rounds lasted approximately 1.75 hours per week. The rounder was present for discussion of approximately 200 patients per year and made comments on nearly half of the patients. The comments were categorized as 25% ethics, 40% palliative care, 10% geriatrics, and 25% a combination or other topic. Attending physicians rated the project as helpful. The number of ethics and palliative care consults from the MICU increased in the first 2 years. Downstream impact has included a dietician reviewing Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment forms with teams throughout the hospital and routine review of advance directives of newly admitted patients.

Discussion:

Weekly MICU rounding provides an opportunity to briefly teach staff and trainees about relevant ethics, palliative care, and geriatrics issues. It also provides a forum for discussion of ethically challenging cases. Considerations when starting a similar program are discussed.
Correlation of Radiographic Measurements With Patient-Centered Outcomes in Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: Matthews Michael , Klein Erin , Youssef Angie , Weil Lowell , Sorensen Matthew , Weil Lowell S. , Fleischer Adam
Published: August 2018

Background:

Evaluation of patients undergoing hallux valgus surgery has historically emphasized radiographic angles and relationships. However, patient-reported outcomes are increasingly important as health care systems trend towards a “value-based” delivery approach.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of pre-existing data in our practice to examine whether patient-reported outcomes after bunion surgery, determined via Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores (FAOS), correlated with radiographic parameters commonly measured in hallux valgus deformity. Pearson correlation statistics and simple and multiple linear regression models were used to identify important radiographic predictors. There were 80 patients (80 feet) with mean follow-up of 59.3 ± 11.6 weeks (median 55, range 45.7-96.3 weeks) with complete data.

Results:

No radiographic measurement/variable achieved anything more than a weak correlation with any of the FAOS subscale scores at final follow-up; the study’s best was postoperative first-second intermetatarsal (IM) angle with sports and recreation scores ( r = −0.328, P = .005). There was no correlation found between change in hallux valgus angle, change in first-second IM angle, magnitude of preoperative hallux valgus angle or magnitude of preoperative first-second IM angle ( P > .05 for all). Furthermore, none of the study’s final multivariable models achieved an R2 > 0.24, and nearly all fell between 0.10 and 0.17.

Conclusion:

We conclude that radiographic angles were not well correlated with patient-centered outcomes in hallux valgus surgery. This study calls into question the current emphasis that is placed on x-ray values both pre- and postoperatively.

Level of clinical evidence:

Level III, comparative study.