bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cluster Modelling of Labour Resources Employment in the Context of Globalisation
Authors: Ivashchenko Kateryna , Matviychuk Andrii
Published: August 2024

The article examines the essence of the phenomenon, the state and dynamics of unemployment in the structure of the modern economy, analyses the literature on forecasting the employment of labour resources. A new approach to solving the problem of analysing and forecasting the development of the labour market and indicators of labour force employment using the Kohonen self-organising maps is proposed. The basis of this approach is the limited data series for individual countries to obtain meaningful conclusions or forecasts. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of the modelling, it is advisable to expand the information base with relevant data for other countries. However, given the significant differences between different countries, there is a need to identify groups of countries that are similar in terms of the state and development of the labour market. This is where clustering methods come in handy.
The study selected more than 40 primary indicators that determine the level of unemployment, employment, labour market conditions, demographic and macroeconomic characteristics of 203 countries over the 12-year period from 2010 to 2021. As a result of the data filtering, 173 countries remained, on the basis of which further analysis and clustering are carried out. When filling in the gaps for these countries, the average values for the corresponding indicator for groups of countries with the same level of human development were taken. The authors also argued for the expediency of using relative indicators in clustering to enable comparison of countries of different sizes. Accordingly, a number of relative indicators from the original list were selected for the final list of factors, and a number of new relative predictors were constructed on the basis of others. A total of 30 indicators were used to build the Kohonen self-organising map, which allowed segmenting countries by their level of socio-economic development and labour force potential. As a result of numerous experiments, it was found that the most effective distribution, in which the indicators of countries retain the greatest similarity in groups, is observed when dividing the worldʼs countries into 12 clusters. In this case, Ukraine falls into a cluster with the following countries: Croatia, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, etc. Ukraineʼs position on the self-organising map indicates a high level of labour market development. Moreover, in 2018, Ukraine changed its position within the same cluster, moving closer to the group of more developed countries.
Digital Imperative for the Development of the Global Economy
Authors: Lukianenko Dmytro , Dmytro Dmytro , Sydorenko Oleksandr
Published: August 2024

The article substantiates the hypothesis that there is no alternative to digital transformation of business, public administration, and society as a whole in the current composition of scientific and technological trends in global development. The article systematically identifies digital technologies based on big data, grid computing, blockchain and actually implemented in global business, such as the industrial Internet, robotics, digital marketing, fintech, govtech, e-medicine and education, etc. It is emphasised that they are the key drivers of the digital economy as a new phenomenon and a new reality. The author summarises the conceptual and categorical apparatus and shows the archetypes of the digital economy. Its status is illustrated in the format of indicators of influential global indices. The article states the obvious positive aspects of digitalisation of the economy – accessibility, transparency and efficiency of resource use, high productivity and cheaper services, fast access to markets, communication mobility, energy efficiency and environmental friendliness – and shows its possible negative aspects, such as cybercrime, electricity shocks, unemployment, insecurity of personal information, discrediting traditional cultural and behavioural values. ASWOT analysis of the digitalisation of the Ukrainian economy according to the Global Digital Competitiveness and Network Readiness indices is carried out and the ways and priority tasks of its intensification in the European integration direction of development are outlined – 4G mobile coverage, availability of clean energy, neutralisation of high investment risks, proper legal regulation of intellectual property and ICT activities. The key role of e-governance strategies and practices in the process of digital transformation of national economies is substantiated on the basis of a comparative cross-country analysis. The authorʼs own logic of digital economy transformation is presented, based on promising scientific and technological trends generated by nano-, bio-, neuro-, quantum- and artificial intelligence. The author substantiates the objective conditionality of the formation of a smart economy, primarily in the format of smart enterprises, cities and communities.
Weighted approximations by sampling type operators: recent and new results
Authors: Alagoz Osman
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we collect some recent results on the approximation properties of generalized sampling operators and Kantorovich operators, focusing on pointwise and uniform convergence, rate of convergence, and Voronovskaya-type theorems in weighted spaces of functions. In the second part of the paper, we introduce a new generalization of sampling Durrmeyer operators including a special function $\rho$ which satisfies certain assumptions. For the family of newly constructed operators, we obtain pointwise convergence, uniform convergence and rate of convergence for functions belonging to weighted spaces of functions.
State and the Prospects for Updating the Tractor Fleet in Agriculture of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Selivanov N.I. , Zaprudsky V.N. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Makeeva Yu.N. ,   Achinsk branch of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
Published: August 2024

The technical condition of the tractor fleet and the level of equipment for crop production in agriculture in the Krasnoyarsk Territory for 2018-2022 have been assessed taking into account the distribution of the area and the structure of arable land across the main categories of commodity producers and zonal territories. The authors substantiated the promising paths and the renewal indicators under the sanctions ensuring by 2030 a radical modernization and improvement of the technical level of the fleet to the established standards.
Intelligent Contour Deep Loosening Technology with Vertical Mulching of Soil on Sloping Lands in the Precision Farming System
Authors:   ChSU named after I.N. Ulyanov, Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economics University, Vasiliev S.A. , Vasiliev A.A. ,   FGBNU “Rosinformagrotech”, Maksimov I.I. ,   Chuvash State Agrarian University
Published: August 2024

The authors present the results of the development of anti-erosion technology for contour deep soil loosening with vertical mulching on slope lands, methods for constructing current digital terrain models, as well as design features of technical means. It is proposed to use contour reclamation techniques with soil protection measures and an appropriate system of machines, which makes it possible to influence the surface runoff of atmospheric precipitation by reducing flow speed, increasing water infiltration and intercepting soil sediments. Together, this helps to increase the accuracy and efficiency of the contour deep loosening operation.
Innovative Header for Harvesting Industrial Hemp with Combing of Standing Stems
Authors:   PJSC “Penzmash”, Mkrtchyan S.R. , Ignatov V.D. ,   PJSC “Penzmash”, Fedin M.A. ,   PJSC “Penzmash”, Rostovtsev R.A. ,   FGBNU FNTs LK, Popov R.A. ,   FGBNU FNTs LK
Published: August 2024

The results of the work of a new combing header in conjunction with a harvester-thresher for harvesting industrial hemp with combing of standing stems are presented. Analysis of the results showed that the header ensures reliable execution of the technological process and guarantees the combing of seed panicles from stems up to 2.2 m high, and the combing purity of at least 93%. Seed losses behind the header are no more than 5-7%.
Comparison of Changes in Flexibility of Goat Livers Using Silicone (S10) Plastination
Authors: Ahmed Sumaiya , Amin Nahid Farhana
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Plastination is a process intended to preserve the biological specimens in the field of educational and research purposes. The plastinates are natural looking, dry, odourless and highly durable. But during dealing with plastination in research, there are some other problems that may arise such as shrinkage, changes in flexibility and colour. So for getting good quality plastinates, it should be tried to minimise the shrinkage, changes in flexibility and colour. This research is designed to compare the effect of temperature on the changes in the flexibility of goat livers. Objective of this study is to compare the percentage of change in flexibility of goat liver in different stages of silicone (S10) plastination at cold temperature with those at room temperature. Methods: A total of twelve (12) goat livers were collected from two government authorised slaughter houses of Dhaka. The percentages of changes in flexibility were calculated for different stages of plastination at cold temperature and at room temperature. This experimental study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Result: The overall mean (± SD) percentage change in flexibility was 95.90+1.74% at cold temperature group and it was 96.86+1.29% in room temperature group. Conclusion: The concept of plastination is new in Bangladesh. So to produce good quality plastinates, it is essential to find out some techniques that are feasible in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2019, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 21-24
Effect of Lacrimal Endoscopy on Operation Time in Silicone Tube Intubation for Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Heo Jeong Woo , Kim Nam Yeong , Ahn Hee Bae
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of lacrimal endoscopy on operation time in silicone tube intubation for patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction.Methods: We conducted retrograde chart review of 168 eyes of 107 patients who were diagnosed with acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction and underwent silicone tube intubation from January 2019 to February 2023. We analyzed relationship between use of lacrimal endoscopy and operation time, and effect of operation time on success rate of surgery according to use of lacrimal endoscopy.Results: Of 168 eyes, 58 eyes underwent silicone tube intubation with lacrimal endoscopy, and 110 eyes underwent silicone tube intubation without lacrimal endoscopy. Average operation time was 10.98 ± 2.24 minutes in the group with lacrimal endoscopy, and 12.44 ± 4.08 minutes in the group without lacrimal endoscopy. Operation time in the group with lacrimal endoscopy was relatively shorter and statistically significant (p = 0.003). When analyzing correlation between operation time and success rate, success rate decreased by 0.877 times when operation time increased by 1 minute in the entire group, and there was statistical significance (p = 0.022). There was no statistical significance in the correlation between operation time and success rate in the group with lacrimal endoscopy. And in the group without lacrimal endoscopy, success rate decreased by 0.865 times when operation time increased by 1 minute, and there was statistical significance (p = 0.019).Conclusions: In silicone tube intubation for nasolacrimal duct obstruction, Lacrimal endoscopy is considered an effective treatment that can shorten operation time and prevent complications while accurately diagnosing cause and extent of obstruction by investigating the inside of the nasolacrimal duct.
Clinical Outcomes of Double-dose Aflibercept Treatment for Refractory Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Jo Sung Hyun , Kwon Han Jo , Park Sung Who , Byon Ik Soo
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of double-dose aflibercept in patients with refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).Methods: We reviewed the medical records of nAMD patients treated with a double dose of aflibercept (4 mg/0.1 mL) due to an inadequate response to standard 8-weekly intravitreal injections of 2 mg/0.05 mL aflibercept. The assessment at week 8 after treatment included changes in subretinal/intraretinal fluid (SRF/IRF) and best-corrected visual acuity, with patients showing absence or reduction in SRF/IRF classified as the response group. Baseline factors influencing clinical outcomes were analyzed, including central macular thickness (CMT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), size of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), CNV subtype, and maximum height of SRF and IRF.Results: The study included 95 eyes of 95 subjects, with 61 eyes (64.2%) categorized as the response group following double-dose treatment. Responders exhibited thicker CCT (290.4 μm vs. 194.0 μm, p < 0.001), thinner CMT (251.2 μm vs 311.1 μm, p = 0.018), smaller CNV area (2.718 mm2 vs. 3.964 mm2, p = 0.034), and a higher prevalence of type 1 CNV (85.2% vs. 58.8%, p = 0.011) compared to the non-response group. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified thicker CCT (p < 0.001, r = 1.016), thinner CMT (p = 0.014, r = 0.988), smaller CNV area (p = 0.015, r = 0.662), and type 1 CNV (p = 0.001, r = 0.061) as factors associated with better anatomical outcomes.Conclusions: Double-dose aflibercept was effective in 64% of patients with refractory nAMD, suggesting it may be considered for those with small CNV areas, thinner CMT, and thicker CCT.
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Synechiolysis in Patients with Posterior Synechiae after Vitrectomy
Authors: Lee Kyeong Joo , Lee Jungmin , Lee Sung Jin
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Posterior synechiae can occur as a complication following vitrectomy. This study analyzes the changes in patients before and after surgical synechiolysis.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 34 patients who underwent surgical synechiolysis after cataract surgery and vitrectomy from January 2020 to February 2023 at a single institution, along with a control group of 30 patients. Surgery was indicated for patients experiencing dysphotopsia due to posterior synechiae, specifically those with iridocapsular adhesions exceeding one quadrant. Visual acuity and spherical equivalent were measured before and after surgery. The degree of dysphotopsia was assessed using the Leiden Visual Sensitivity Scale (L-VISS) which includes questions on sensitivity to light and patterns and a comparative analysis with the control group was conducted.Results: An increase in best-corrected visual acuity was observed in 5 of 34 eyes (14.7%) which was not statistically significantly different from the control (p = 0.550). Hyphema occurred in 24 eyes (70.6%), and iridodialysis in 1 eye (2.9%), during surgery. No cases of persistent intraocular pressure elevation or recurrence of synechiae were reported after surgery. No significant difference in spherical equivalent (p = 0.376) was observed pre- versus post-surgery, but there was a statistically significant improvement in the L-VISS score at 6 months after surgery (11.88 ± 3.06) compared to before surgery (14.88 ± 3.44, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Surgical synechiolysis is associated with a low risk of complications after surgery. Although no significant improvement in visual acuity was noted, the surgery effectively improved dysphotopsia in patients.
Short-term Outcomes of Faricimab for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration with Limited Response to Ranibizumab or Aflibercept
Authors: Kim Jeongmin , Kim Jae Hui
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of switching to faricimab for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) demonstrating a limited response to prior anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with neovascular AMD who had residual subretinal fluid (SRF) or intraretinal fluid (IRF) despite treatment with ranibizumab or aflibercept, and who were subsequently treated with faricimab. The study assessed changes in best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) and central retinal thickness (CRT), as well as differences in the incidence of SRF, IRF, and serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment (S-PED) with versus without switching to faricimab.Results: The study included 22 eyes. Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.31 ± 0.21 before switching to faricimab to 0.28 ± 0.19 after the switch (p = 0.172). CRT significantly decreased from 336.7 ± 83.3 to 279.9 ± 51.1 μm (p = 0.002). Prior to switching, SRF was noted in 17 patients (94.4%), IRF in 5 (27.8%), and S-PED in 4 (22.2%). Following the switch to faricimab, these figures dropped to 13 (72.2%), 4 (22.2%), and 3 (16.7%), respectively. A complete resolution of retinal edema was achieved in four patients (22.2%) after the treatment switch.Conclusions: Switching to faricimab in patients with neovascular AMD who had a limited response to previous treatments led to significant anatomical improvements. Faricimab may be a valuable treatment option for these patients.
Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Disc Holder Menggunakan Metode Six Sigma di PT A
Authors:   Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, Devi Anggi Riska , Setiafindari Widya ,   Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta
Published: August 2024

PT A merupakan perusahaan pengecoran logam dengan salah satu produknya adalah Disc Holder. Pada tahun 2021, produk Disc Holder di PT A memiliki presentase cacat produk sebesar 1,8% melebihi maksimal sasaran kualitas perusahaan sebesar 1%. Tujuan digunakannya metode Six Sigma dengan prosedur DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) adalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk Disc Holder dengan strategi yang aktual. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 4 karakteristik cacat yang terdapat pada produk Disc Holder yaitu cacat salah alir, cacat retakan, cacat berlubang, dan cacat salah ukuran dengan hasil nilai sigma keseluruhan untuk produksi pada tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 2,24. Nilai sigma yang dhasilkan masih kurang dari nilai yang dikehendaki yaitu 6, sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan. Usulan perbaikan diberikan berdasarkan hasil analisis faktor penyebab dari diagram sebab akibat, usulan perbaikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode 5W+1H yaitu memberikan pelatihan kembali pada pekerja untuk proses penuangan, memberikan pengawasan dan peringatan kepada pekerja agar mengikuti SOP dengan baik, memperbanyak pemberian lubang angin pada cetakan agar cukup untuk cetakan kering sempurna, diberlakukannya penggunaan APD telinga untuk faktor kebisingan, dan melakukan maintenance rutin untuk mesin heat treatment.
Integration of Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) and Capacity Constraint Resources (CCR) to Minimize the Risk of Uncertainty in Fulfilling Production Material Supply
Authors:   Adhi Tama Institute of Technology Surabaya, Salsavira Nardha Livia , Yuliawati Evi ,   Adhi Tama Institute of Technology Surabaya, Rahmawati Nur ,   Adhi Tama Institute of Technology Surabaya
Published: August 2024

Managing the production capability of a company is undoubtedly the main concentration in the manufacturing industry. Industries must consider the materials and resources supplied for making a master production schedule. The lack of material supply from a supplier results in the inefficiency of the production process. The supply disruption of raw materials results in problems for the rest of the stages in the production process. As a result, companies experience difficulties in meeting the predetermined target. This research used an integration of RCCP and CCR to solve the problem. Optimization of CCR implies the TOC (theory of constraint) principle by reducing the percentage of overload until reaching a balanced (optimal) condition. This research aims to balance and optimize the ongoing production process. It took place in a manufacturing company that produces building materials serving the market in Indonesia. The results show that during the observation period, the current production system has experienced system overload for about 70% of the production period. The results of the RCCP analysis provide recommendations for improving the master production schedule to increase the effectiveness of the production system.
Antibacterial Activity and Polyphenols Content of Methanolic Extract of Sapindus Rarak
Authors:   Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Murni Asmara , Rohman Aufur ,   Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Angkawijaya Artik Elisa ,   RIKEN Japan, Santoso Shella Permatasari ,   Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia
Published: August 2024

The study focused on the methanolic extract of lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak DC.). The effect of varying extraction time and temperature on the polyphenols content of lerak extract was evaluated, that is by determining the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total saponin content (TSC). The increasing extraction temperature from 30°C to 70°C was found to give increase in TPC from 172 mg GAE/100 mg to 246 mg GAE/100 mg, further increase of extraction temperature to 90°C results in the decrease of TPC. Similar effect was also observed in TFC, where TFC was found to increase as the extraction temperature was increased to 70°C, with TFC of 79 mg QE/100 mg. TSC of lerak fruit extract at 70°C was found to be 17.6 mg/100 g. Antibacterial activity assay on the lerak fruit extract shows the potential inhibitory activity of the extract on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, wherein 95% inhibition efficiency can be achieved after the incubation of the bacteria in media containing 15 wt.% of the extract. The more prominent inhibitory effect of the extract was shown against Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus. Collectively, the results of this study has demonstrated the potential of lerak fruit extract as natural antibacterial agent with foaming ability, which can be used as detergent additive.
The Relationship between Breakfast Habits and Knowledge of Nutritional Status and Learning Achievement of Class VII Students of SMPN 02 Banjar Agung, Lampung
Authors: Maryanto Rahayu Yekti
Published: August 2024

Breakfast is an activity that has benefits for school children which contributes energy and nutritional needs to support daily activities. Better memory is associated with increased glucose, indicating brain performance, especially those related to memory aspects. Consuming breakfast can improve cognitive learning and academic achievement. If children have good nutritional knowledge, they will determine which foods to consume that are healthy and have high nutrition. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between breakfast habits and knowledge of nutritional status and learning achievement at SMPN 02 Banjar Agung, Lampung. The method used in this research uses descriptive analytics with a cross sectional approach. This research was conducted from June to July 2022. The number of samples in this research was 120 class VII students at SMPN 02 Banjar Agung who were filtered according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was tested in the semester. This research showed that 100 people (80.0%) had good breakfast habits and 89 people (74.2%) had good learning achievements. Based on the results of the Chi Square test, the relationship between breakfast and knowledge of nutritional status obtained a p value = 0.040 (p < 0.05). The results of the Chi Square test regarding the relationship between breakfast and learning achievement obtained a p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between breakfast and children's nutritional status and learning achievement.
Analysis of Number Sense Ability in View of Student Learning Independence
Authors: Kusuma Anggun Badu , Setiyana Fira Nur
Published: August 2024

Number sense is an essential skill for mastering the concept of numbers. This study seeks to examine number sense abilities regarding student learning freedom. This research consists of qualitative descriptive research. The research subjects were seventh-grade pupils at SMP Negeri 1 Kebasen in Banyumas. Data were gathered from the learning independence questionnaire, number sense ability test, and interviews. Students were divided into three groups based on their learning independence questionnaire scores: high, medium, and low. The purposive sampling strategy was employed to identify research subjects. The research results show that students with high learning independence are able to fulfill all number sense indicators. Students with moderate learning independence are able to master five number sense indicators. Students with low learning independence are only able to fulfill two indicators.
Skills in Constructing and Implementing Learning Designs for Preservice Mathematics Teacher at Universitas Samudra
Authors: Priyanda Roni , Herman Tatang , Ihsan Iden Rainal , Fadhelina Nishabah , Natalia Stevi
Published: August 2024

Many preservice mathematic teachers use a learning strategy (a model, method, or approach) that is connected to one or more mathematical abilities when preparing their final projects. This research project examines the use of this tactic through a (quasi) experimental learning approach. Upon selecting a learning approach, some final-year students investigate its impact on enhancing students' mathematical proficiency. Aim of this research is to determine the suitability profile of the final assignment of preservice mathematic teachers at Universitas Samudra between the title and the learning design applied and to find solutions to improve the understanding of preservice mathematic teachers at Universitas Samudra in preparing their final assignments. The results of the praxiological analysis skills in constructing and implementing learning designs for preservice mathematic teachers at Universitas Samudra are: 18,18% hhe learning implementation plan is in accordance with the learning model and is explained in the final assignment discussion, 42,42% the learning implementation plan is in accordance with the learning model but is not explained in the final assignment discussion, and 23,33% The learning implementation plan is not in accordance with the chosen learning model.
A ‘Vingerklip’ View on Academic Writing among Masters’ Degree Students: A Case of Research Proposals in the University of Namibia
Authors: Josua Lukas Matati , Museta Clarina , Kaereho Charlene
Published: August 2024

Studying towards a postgraduate qualification is viewed as a booster that may usher employees towards management positions. We have found common mistakes in research proposals for masters’ degree students in a department at the University of Namibia. Our presentation shows the shortcomings in the research proposals of postgraduate students and proposes interventions to address the challenges. We collected qualitative data through the observations of nine (9) Master of Education research proposals, which were conveniently selected. Our analysis showed shortcomings in research proposals submitted to the Department of Education at the University of Namibia. Moreover, there is a need for the introduction of a writing unit at the university to supply writing services such as academic writing, proof reading and editing. We recommend that regular practical training is offered on effective academic writing to postgraduate students. We also show the need for postgraduate students to be oriented towards the plagiarism policy and referencing style of the university. This calls for the re-thinking of ways that enable effective postgraduate student supervision, which may address the quality of student research output.
The Strands and Findings of Recent Research on Technology-enhanced Collaborative Writing in EFL Settings
Authors: Pardede Parlindungan
Published: August 2024

More and more researchers and educators have recently focused their attention to technology-enhanced collaborative writing (TECW) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) setting. Yet, the updated review focusing on research in this field is meager. This study aims at helping researchers and educators get a deeper understanding of the features and development tendencies of recent research on TECW in EFL setting. It systematically reviewed 45 empirical studies published from 2014 to 2023, focusing on strands and findings. In terms of research strands, the results showed the writing process, outcomes, and students and teachers’ perceptions and attitudes. In terms of research findings, the review results showed that TECW was effective in enhancing students’ writing performance, developing a sense of community, engagement, motivation, collaboration, and satisfaction. The studies’ findings also revealed that students and teachers demonstrated a strong disposition towards TECW practices.
Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Between Conventional and Infinite z-Axis Fused Deposition Modeling Printers
Authors: Soydas Velda Basak , Hosur Mahesh , Gozales Job
Published: August 2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a critical technology in shaping manufacturing strategies, offering versatility and efficiency in designing complex structural components. Extensive literature exists on small- to mid-sized product production. However, a significant knowledge gap exists in manufacturing elongated products, such as wind turbine blades and constructional beams. Current AM technology faces limitations in this context, primarily due to the constraints imposed by the conventional 90-degree nozzle head and limited bed space. This study introduces an innovative AM approach called Infinite z-Axis Printing. This novel technique utilizes a belt-driven heated bed and a 45-degree nozzle head to 3D print objects of infinite length. The study compares this groundbreaking approach and the traditional 90-degree nozzle head Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method and the associated results. The findings of this research demonstrate that the Infinite z-Axis Printing methodology yields a significant improvement of up to 20% in tensile and compressive strength compared to the currently used FDM process. This advancement can potentially revolutionize on-site operations by enabling the efficient production of elongated structural components, thus contributing significantly to the construction and renewable energy sectors.
Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Essence Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle L.) Sebagai Anti Jerawat
Authors: Dewi Sinta , Malahayati Siti , Darsono Putri Vidiasari
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Ekstrak daun sirih hijau memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap P.acnes karena mengandung senyawa tanin, flavonoid, alkaloid, dan terpenoid.
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasikan ekstrak daun sirih hijau dalam bentuk essence yang memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik serta memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap P.acnes.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode true experimental dan metode difusi sumuran untuk uji antibakteri. Sediaan essence dibuat dengan 3 konsentrasi ekstrak yang berbeda (konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 20%), selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi fisik kemudian formulasi diuji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap P.acnes. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik ANOVA dengan nilai signifikansi 0,05.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan essence memiliki warna coklat kekuningan hingga coklat tua, bentuk cair dan bau khas daun sirih dengan pH 5,4-5,5, sediaan homogen, viskositas 324-463, daya sebar 9,74 mm-11,62mm, dan pada uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukan adanya kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri P.acnes dengan memiliki daya hambat yang masuk kategori kuat.
Simpulan: Hasil evaluasi fisik dan hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan essence terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variasi konsentrasi ekstrak karena hasil p-value <0,05. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi semua formula memenuhi spesifikasi, dan yang paling optimal adalah formula II
Hubungan Pendekatan Health Belief Model (HBM) Terhadap Minat Masyarakat Pada Vaksinasi Booster Covid-19 di Kelurahan Tumbang Miri
Authors: Pebrianti Pebrianti , Yuwindry Iwan , Herawati Anita
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Pandemi Covid-19 telah menginfeksi jutaan orang dan menyebabkan kematian hingga 143.685 jiwa di Indonesia. Salah satu strategi pencegahan Covid-19 yang paling menjanjikan adalah vaksinasi. Meskipun investigasi klinis telah membuktikan keamanan dosis penguat Booster, penolakan atau keraguan masyarakat dikarenakan alasan efektivitas dan keamanan masih menjadi masalah utama dalam program vaksinasi Booster Covid-19.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan pendekatan Health Belief Model (HBM) terhadap minat masyarakat pada vaksinasi Booster Covid-19 di Kelurahan Tumbang Miri.
Metode: Penelitian kuantiatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh 81 responden. Analisis data univariat untuk karakteristik responden dan analisis bivariat uji statistik Chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan Health Belief Model dengan penerimaan vaksinasi Booster Covid-19. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama satu bulan yaitu dimulai dari Juni 2023.
Hasil: Persepsi kerenatan memiliki hubungan dengan penerimaan vaksin (0,008 < 0,05), persepsi keparahan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan penerimaan vaksin (0,225, 0,137 dan 0,913 > 0,05), persepsi manfaat berhubungan dengan penerimaan vaksin (0,009 dan 0,000 < 0,05), persepsi hambatan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan penerimaan vaksin (0,272, 0,471 dan 0,913 > 0,05), pemicu untuk bertindak memiliki hubungan dengan penerimaan vaksin (0,032 dan 0,000 < 0,05).
Simpulan: Persepsi kerentanan, persepsi manfaat, dan pemicu untuk bertindak memiliki hubungan dengan penerimaan vaksinasi Booster Covid-19 pada masyarakt Kelurahan Tumbang Miri.
Phosphatidylserine liposomes induce a phagosome acidification-dependent and ROS-mediated intracellular killing of Mycobacterium abscessus in human macrophages
Authors: Olimpieri Tommaso , Poerio Noemi , Ponsecchi Greta , Di Lallo Gustavo , D’Andrea Marco Maria , Fraziano Maurizio
Published: August 2024

Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is an opportunistic nontuberculous mycobacterium responsible of difficult-to-treat pulmonary infections in vulnerable patients, such as those suffering from Cystic Fibrosis (CF), where it represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Additionally, due to the intrinsic extensive antimicrobial resistance spectrum displayed by this species and the side effects reported for some available antibiotics, the therapeutic management of such infections remains extremely difficult. In the present study, we show that phosphatidylserine liposomes (PS-L) enhance intracellular mycobacterial killing of Mab infected human macrophages with functional or pharmacologically inhibited cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR), by a mechanism involving phagosome acidification and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, PS-L significantly reduce proinflammatory response of Mab infected macrophages in terms of NF-kB activation and TNF-α production, irrespective of CFTR inhibition. Altogether, these results represent the proof of concept for a possible future development of PS-L as a therapeutic strategy against difficult-to-treat Mab infection.
Music expertise differentially modulates the hemispheric lateralization of music reading
Authors: Li Sara Tze Kwan
Published: August 2024

Previous studies have shown that music expertise relates to the hemispheric lateralization of music reading among musicians and non-musicians. However, it remains unclear that how music expertise modulates the hemispheric lateralization of music reading along the music learning trajectory and how music expertise modulates the hemispheric lateralization of reading different musical elements. This study examined how music expertise modulates the hemispheric lateralization of music reading in pitch elements (e.g., pitch, harmony), temporal elements (e.g., rhythm), and expressive elements (e.g., articulation) among musicians, music learners, and non-musicians. Musicians (n = 38), music learners (n = 26), and non-musicians (n = 33) worked on a set of divided visual field sequential matching tasks with four musical elements, i.e., pitch, harmony, rhythm, and articulation, in separate blocks. An eye-tracker was used to ensure participants' central fixation before each trial. Participants judged whether the first and second target stimuli were the same as quickly and accurately as possible. The findings showed that for musicians, no significant differences were observed between the left visual field (LVF) and the right visual field (RVF), suggesting musicians' bilateral representation in music reading. Music learners had an RVF/LH (left hemisphere) advantage over the LVF/RH (right hemisphere), suggesting music learners tended to be more left-lateralized in music reading. In contrast, non-musicians had an LVF/RH advantage over the RVF/LH, suggesting non-musicians tended to be more right-lateralized in music reading. In addition, music expertise correlates with the laterality index (LI) in music reading, suggesting that the better the overall performance in music expertise task, the greater the tendency to be more left-lateralized in music reading. Nonetheless, musicians, music learners, and non-musicians did not show different visual field effects in any individual musical elements respectively, suggesting the cognitive processes involved might share similar lateralization effects among the three groups when only one particular musical element is examined. In general, this study suggests the effect of music training on brain plasticity along the music learning trajectory. It also highlights the possibilities that bilateral or left hemispheric lateralization may serve as an expertise marker for musical reading.
Scenario analysis of the long-term impact on energy demand and emissions of B10 use as a clean transport fuel
Authors: Tibesigwa Timothy , Olupot Peter W. , Kirabira John B.
Published: August 2024

Sustainable energy sources are continually advocated as the globe strives to transition from non-renewable forms. Energy security risks associated with the gradual depletion of petroleum resources and the related climate change effects require remedies. Nations have enacted laws stipulating biofuel blending mandates to reverse these adverse effects. Using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) software, this study assessed the potential long-term impact on energy demand and CO2 emissions from implementing B10 (10% biodiesel and 90% conventional diesel blend) in Uganda’s petroleum sub-sector was assessed. Four scenarios were analysed from 2019 to 2050: baseline (100% fossil diesel), B10, B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% conventional diesel blend), and electric-powered transport, were analysed for 2019 to 2050. The analysis revealed that replacing fossil diesel with B10 reduces fossil-derived energy demand by 3.52% and projects an 8.38% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to the baseline scenario. The B20 and electric vehicle scenarios offer an even greater reduction. Specifically, the B20 scenario shows an 8.46% decrease, and the electric scenario shows a 9.98% decrease in fossil-derived energy demand. These reductions are attributed to the lower proportion of fossil fuels in biodiesel blends and the higher energy efficiency of electric vehicles. B10 use as a substitute fuel for diesel-powered vehicles is expected to mitigate transport sector emissions in Uganda with minimal impact on final energy demand. B20 and electrification scenarios with lower final energy demand and higher environmental impact reductions are more advantageous relative to the B10 and baseline scenarios. Future analyses should establish the optimal renewable fuel and vehicular technologies mix for a net zero scenario by 2050 for Uganda’s transport sector.
Applying 12 machine learning algorithms and Non-negative Matrix Factorization for robust prediction of lupus nephritis
Authors: Mou Lisha , Lu Ying , Wu Zijing , Pu Zuhui , Huang Xiaoyan , Wang Meiying
Published: August 2024

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a challenging condition with limited diagnostic and treatment options. In this study, we applied 12 distinct machine learning algorithms along with Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) to analyze single-cell datasets from kidney biopsies, aiming to provide a comprehensive profile of LN. Through this analysis, we identified various immune cell populations and their roles in LN progression and constructed 102 machine learning-based immune-related gene (IRG) predictive models. The most effective models demonstrated high predictive accuracy, evidenced by Area Under the Curve (AUC) values, and were further validated in external cohorts. These models highlight six hub IRGs (CD14, CYBB, IFNGR1, IL1B, MSR1, and PLAUR) as key diagnostic markers for LN, showing remarkable diagnostic performance in both renal and peripheral blood cohorts, thus offering a novel approach for noninvasive LN diagnosis. Further clinical correlation analysis revealed that expressions of IFNGR1, PLAUR, and CYBB were negatively correlated with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), while CYBB also positively correlated with proteinuria and serum creatinine levels, highlighting their roles in LN pathophysiology. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed significant networks involving hub IRGs, emphasizing the importance of the interleukin family and chemokines in LN pathogenesis. This study highlights the potential of integrating advanced genomic tools and machine learning algorithms to improve diagnosis and personalize management of complex autoimmune diseases like LN.
Immunological and homeostatic pathways of alpha -1 antitrypsin: a new therapeutic potential
Authors: Mazzuca Carmen , Vitiello Laura , Travaglini Silvia , Maurizi Fatima , Finamore Panaiotis , Santangelo Simona , Rigon Amelia , Vadacca Marta , Angeletti Silvia , Scarlata Simone
Published: August 2024

α -1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a 52 kDa acute-phase glycoprotein belonging to the serine protease inhibitor superfamily (SERPIN). It is primarily synthesized by hepatocytes and to a lesser extent by monocytes, macrophages, intestinal epithelial cells, and bronchial epithelial cells. A1AT is encoded by SERPINA1 locus, also known as PI locus, highly polymorphic with at least 100 allelic variants described and responsible for different A1AT serum levels and function. A1AT inhibits a variety of serine proteinases, but its main target is represented by Neutrophil Elastase (NE). However, recent attention has been directed towards its immune-regulatory and homeostatic activities. A1AT exerts immune-regulatory effects on different cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Additionally, it plays a role in metal and lipid metabolism, contributing to homeostasis. An adequate comprehension of these mechanisms could support the use of A1AT augmentation therapy in many disorders characterized by a chronic immune response. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways responsible for immune-regulatory and homeostatic activities of A1AT. This knowledge aims to support the use of A1AT in therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the application of A1AT in clinical and laboratory settings human and animal models.
No genetic association between iron deficiency anemia and ischemic stroke and its subtypes: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Li Aiping , Zhou Wensheng , Yao Liping
Published: August 2024

Background

Observational researches have suggested a connection between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and an increased likelihood of ischemic stroke (IS), yet establishing causality is challenging owing to the inherent limitations of such studies, including their vulnerability to confounding factors and the potential for reverse causation. This study employs a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to assess the causal linkage between IDA and IS and its subtypes.

Methods

Identifiable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with significant links to either IDA or IS and its subtypes were employed as instrumental variables (IVs). The relationship between IDA and any IS, small vessel stroke (SVS), cardioembolic stroke (CES), and large artery stroke (LAS), was quantified using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Complementary analyses utilizing MR-Egger and weighted median methods further supplemented the IVW findings. Moreover, the leave-one-out analysis, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and Cochrane’s Q test were conducted for sensitivity analyses.

Results

This study revealed no correlation between IDA and any IS (IVW method: OR [95% CI] = 0.977 [0.863–1.106]; p = 0.716), LAS (OR [95% CI] = 1.158 [0.771–1.740]; p = 0.479), CES (OR [95% CI] = 1.065 [0.882–1.285]; p = 0.512), or SVS (OR [95% CI] = 1.138 [0.865–1.498]; p = 0.357). Conducting a reverse MR analysis, it was determined that there is no causal connection between any IS, LAS, CES, SVS, and IDA (all p > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis indicated that heterogeneity was not significant and no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was detected.

Conclusion

This MR study suggested no causal effect of IDA on IS, LAS, CES, and SVS. Through reverse MR analyses, it was determined that IS and its subtypes did not exert a causal impact on IDA.
Comparison of ocular changes in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Bao Li
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To explore ocular changes in patients with MS and NMOSD via SD-OCT and PVEP analysis.

Methods

From August 2020 to July 2021, 82 patients (164 eyes) diagnosed with MS, 59 patients (118 eyes) diagnosed with NMOSD and 50 healthy controls (100 eyes) were retrospectively selected. SD-OCT and PVEP were performed to compare retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness around the optic disc, ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in the macula and P100 latency and amplitude between the disease groups and the control group.

Results

In the NMOSD and MS groups, the thickness of the GCIPL quadrants in eyes with optic neuritis was thinner than that in eyes without optic neuritis, and the amplitude of the P100 wave decreased. In addition, in eyes with optic neuritis, patients with NMOSD have thinner RNFL thicknesses in the temporal and superior quadrants than patients with MS, and the thickness of the GCIPL is thinner in each region. In eyes without optic neuritis, patients with MS have thinner nasal RNFL than do those with NMOSD.

Conclusion

SD-OCT and VEP may be useful for monitoring and distinguishing pathological changes in MS and NMOSD patients.