bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
α-Oxidation of banana lignin with atmospheric oxygen catalyzed by Co3O4
Authors: Kramer Carlos Augusto Cabral , de Carvalho Luciene Santos
Published: March 2021

Banana lignin was subjected to oxidation, converting alpha hydroxyl to carbonyl. In this process, atmospheric oxygen acted as an oxidizing agent, CO3O4 as a catalyst under mild conditions of temperature and pressure.
An enantiomeric pair of alkaline-earth metal based coordination polymers showing room temperature phosphorescence and circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Leo Pedro , Orcajo Gisela , García Jose A. , Ortuño Ana M. , Cuerva Juan M. , Briones David , Calleja Guillermo , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , Sanz Raul , Cepeda Javier , Martínez Fernando
Published: March 2021

Preparation and characterization of an enantiomeric pair of coordination polymers based on alkaline-earth metals and chiral pyroglutamate ligands showing room temperature phosphorescence and sizeable circularly polarized luminescence is discussed.
Classification of thermal ageing impact of ester fluid‐impregnated pressboard material adopting LIBS
Authors: Amalanathan Arputhasamy J. , Vasa Nilesh J. , Harid Noureddine , Griffiths Huw , Sarathi Ramanujam
Published: March 2021

This article reports the thermal ageing of ester fluid‐impregnated pressboard material along with its performance evaluation using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and classification using machine‐learning algorithms adopting laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The surface discharge analysis on ester‐impregnated pressboard (EIP) is studied using OES and the plasma temperature was evaluated based on the Cu I emission lines which were higher under the negative DC compared with the positive DC and AC voltages. The LIBS analysis was performed on the EIP material operated at different energy levels in order to acquire the optimal energy required to be used for its classification algorithm. The intensity ratio and electron density evaluated from LIBS studies correlated well with the plasma temperature. The lower limit of detection (LOD) calculated based on linear regression analysis for copper peak was around 3.5 times higher than the identification of carbon peak. The machine‐learning techniques like principal component analysis and neural network algorithm have been performed on the LIBS spectral dataset in order to classify the ageing of EIP material. Artificial neural network adopting LIBS provided a better classification accuracy on all the aged samples compared with principal component analysis which classified only for the samples aged at higher temperatures.
A Modified Formula for Calculating Dielectric Properties of Granular Agricultural Products in the Microwave Band
Authors: Zhong Runeng , Zheng Qinhong , Yao Bin , Xiang Tai
Published: March 2021

Dielectric properties are important characteristic parameters in the microwave-assisted application of hygroscopic agricultural media. To break through the limitation of traditional general effective medium (GEM) formula and develop the new calculation formula suitable for agricultural products, a modified formula, that is, modified general agricultural products effective medium (abbreviated as MGAPEM) formula, was presented in this study for the dielectric property calculation of granular agricultural products in the microwave band. The correctness, validity, and accuracy of MGAPEM formula were verified by using literature and experimental measurement data. Results show that the maximum errors of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor are 0.42% and 0.98%, respectively, in the conditions of microwave frequency (2.0–12.2 Ghz) and moisture content (2.0%-19.7%, wet basis). The accuracy of MGAPEM is higher than some traditional theoretical formulas. The MGAPEM formula provides a theoretical formula for the dielectric property analysis of granular agricultural products in the microwave band at room temperature (24℃).
Evaluation Model of Power Retail Market Construction Effectiveness
Authors: Han Zhang , Song Xue , Yuan Hu , Li Ma , Xiaoxuan Zhang
Published: March 2021

With the deepening of the power system reform since 2015, the construction of the electricity retail market continues to accelerate, the activity and competition of the electricity retail market continues to increase. In order to better guide the construction and development of China’s electricity retail market, it is necessary to accurately evaluate its construction effectiveness, finding the effectiveness and deficiencies, and making electricity retail market play the decisive role in the allocation of electricity resources. This article proposes a new set of construction effectiveness evaluation model for electricity retail market. It establishes the key factors of power retail market construction effectiveness from the seven aspects of market mechanism, market openness, market concentration, market quality, market performance, electricity retail side service content diversity and market satisfaction, etc. The corresponding evaluation index system is formed to measure the effectiveness of the electricity retail market construction, which helps to guide the discovery of weak links in retail market construction of power system and improve them in a timely manner. The validity of the proposed model is proved by case study.
Multi-objective optimal allocation of regional comprehensive energy considering electricity trading
Authors: Wang Linfeng , Zhou Bo , Nie Jing , Song Yan , Wang Dongchao
Published: March 2021

In order to promote the coordination of various forms of energy resources such as electric energy, heat energy, and cold energy, and to achieve complementary and efficient use of different energy sources, a method for optimizing the allocation of the capacity of a regional comprehensive energy system that takes into account the trading of electric and thermal energy is proposed. The energy interaction costs of the system and the grid heat network are included in the total cost. The optimization goal is a multi-objective function that comprehensively considers system economics, environmental protection, reliability, and interactive power fluctuations. Based on the energy hub, the capacity of each energy supply equipment in the area is optimized. Time-sharing electricity price and typical daily system economic operation are solved by genetic algorithm. Finally, an example of a park is used to verify its effectiveness. The results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the system cost and reasonably avoid the limitations caused by the single decision factors in the system planning stage, thus providing a reference for the actual system planning and design.
Research and verification of internal and external measurement methods of large oil storage tanks capacity based on 3D lasers canning
Authors: Chen Xianlei , Xu Yexin , Wang Yeyong , Wu Zenan , Chen Junxue , Shi Haolei , Hao Huadong , Shen Zhengqian , Ji Jianhua , Xu Zhanfeng
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, as an important tool for petrochemical enterprises to store and transport various petrochemical products, large oil storage tanks are highly praised by a large number of oil enterprises because of their characteristics of large capacity and stable storage. For the same storage tank, on the premise of elevation determination, the accuracy of the measurement results for capacity actually mainly depends on the accurate measurement of the inner radius of each circle plate. In this paper, a 10000m3 stroage tank T1 is selected to measure the inner radius by strapping tape method, total station internal measurement method and 3D laser scanner internal and external measurement method. Through data comparison, the accuracy of the above methods for measuring the inner radius of the first circle plate of storage tank is discussed and verified, and the difference of measurement results and accuracy between internal and external measurement of ten circle plates of storage tank by 3D laser scanner. It is concluded that the external measurement method of 3D laser scanner based on the principle of cloud to cloud splicing has poor result in tank’s inner radius measurement, but it is feasible based on the principle of target ball splicing.
Analysis of Carbon Emission and Emission Reduction Potentialin Shaanxi Province
Authors: Zhao Li , Lulu Yu
Published: March 2021

The rapid development of China’ s economy and society is obtained at the cost of the consumption of energy, especially fossil energy. And the coal-based energy consumption structure enables China to become the largest carbon dioxide emitter in the world. With the enhancement of global greenhouse effect, ecological environment deterioration is becoming increasingly serious. Carbon emission reduction has become one of the most important international issues. As one of the fastest growing economies in the world, China has also actively responded to energy conservation and emission reduction.As a major energy province in China, Shaanxi province plays a critical role in the national energy supply, and it was also listed as the first batch of low-carbon pilot areas in 2010. In recent years, relying on its own energy advantages, Shaanxi has witnessed rapid economic growth, but the resource stock and environmental carrying capacity cannot withstand the high intensity of resource consumption and environmental pollution under the traditional resource mode. As the first batch of “low-carbon development” pilot provinces, adjusting the industrial structure, changing the mode of economic development and realizing “low-carbon economy” have become the urgent problems to be solved in Shaanxi Province.
Risk Assessment and Countermeasures of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Environment of Guizhou Province
Authors: Yang Bing , Yang Hong , Zhang Chengmei , Wang Yajie
Published: March 2021

The quality of drinking water is closely related to the health condition of the population. In order to effectively assess the heavy metal environment of drinking water in Guizhou Province, this paper first analyzed the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in drinking water, and then used the environmental health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to investigate and analyze the toxic and hazardous substances in drinking water in Guizhou Province in 2019 to assess the health risks of heavy metals in drinking water. The survey results showed that the cancer-causing health risks of drinking water in Guizhou Province exceeded the EPA evaluation standards, while the non-cancer-causing health risks were much lower than the evaluation standards. Finally, for the heavy metal environment of drinking water in Guizhou province, this paper proposes corresponding response strategies from two perspectives of water quality monitoring and government supervision.
Research on efficient and economical treatment methods for algal pollution in landscape water
Authors: Zehua Liu , Chaolong Liu , Wenyu Zhao
Published: March 2021

A water body in Guilin was selected for this study. In order to find out the best dosing ratio, we conducted research experiments on combined algae removal methods and obtained a more economical and efficient mixed dosing ratio for treating water bodies. If this solution is replicated, it will contribute to the development of marine and freshwater fisheries; to the construction of a green ecosystem and human public healt.
Transfer Mechanism and Change Process of Matter Content in Jiaozhou Bay
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Li Haixia , Lin Dong , Ling Weifeng , Zhu Hong
Published: March 2021

Based on the survey data of Jiaozhou Bay in 1992, the changes of Pb content in the surface and bottom waters affected by the ocean current in the process of transportation in Jiaozhou Bay were studied, and the sedimentation process and mechanism of Pb content in the surface and bottom waters were determined. The time change process of sedimentation shows that: from May to October, 1) the Pb content transported by the ocean current from the main sea decided the Pb content change in the bottom water; 2) in August, under the carrying of a large number of plankton and suspended particulate matter, the Pb content transported by the ocean current and that in the surface and bottom water reached the maximum value in a year. According to the spatial change process of subsidence, the results show that in August and October, the inlet of the “Cangkou Channel”, the outlet of the “Former Reef Channel” and the deep channel of the strait on the side of Xuejia Island all revealed narrower channel, accelerated current, and deep erosion, forming a deep channel. In such waters, a large amount of Pb content was deposited. On the basis of the sedimentation process in the center of the bay, the outer sea current carried a high content of Pb to surround the nearshore waters in the bay. In May, the main sea current did not affect the surface water in the center of Jiaozhou Bay, nor did it affect the bottom water in the center of Jiaozhou Bay. From May to October, the ocean current didn’t affect the surface water in the center of Jiaozhou Bay, either, but it has brought a huge impact on the bottom water in the center of Jiaozhou Bay. In the transfer process of Pb content in the water body in the center of the bay, the authors put forward the transfer mechanism of the matter content in Jiaozhou Bay, and establish the block diagram of the modelwhich demonstrates the mechanism and the change process of the matter content transfer.
Construction of Permeability Calculation Model of Glutenite in the Northern Steep of DX Sag
Authors: Chen Shousong
Published: March 2021

In recent years, the glutenite reservoirs are the hot spots of oil and gas exploration. However, the glutenite has various lithologic types, diverse rock components, complex pore structure and strong reservoir heterogeneity, which makes it difficult to accurately calculate the reservoir permeability. Permeability is an important parameter in the later development of reservoir. In order to accurately calculate the permeability of glutenite reservoir, taking the glutenite in the upper fourth member of Shahejie Formation in the northern steep of DX Sag as an example, the lithology and physical properties of the reservoir are analyzed and summarized by comprehensive utilization of logging, core description, scanning electron microscope and other data. On this basis, lithology classification, theoretical derivation and multiple regression methods are used to establish the permeability calculation model of glutenite reservoir, and three types of permeability calculation models are obtained. The advantages and disadvantages of different interpretation models and their causes are compared. The calculation model by theoretical derivation has the highest correlation coefficient (R2=0.9), but the logarithmic regression formula (R2=0.88) has better applicability.
The impact of perceptions of organizational politics on employees’ voice: a mediated-moderate model
Authors: Cao Xiaoxuan , Zhou Mingjian
Published: March 2021

Based on conservation of resources theory, the paper proposes a model demonstrating how perceptions of organizational politics and self-monitoring influence employees’ emotional exhaustion and behavior of voice. The model argues that emotional exhaustion may be the mediator between perceptions of organizational politics and employees’ voice, and self-monitoring may moderate the mediated relationship. In the end, it discuss the implications and the limitations of the model and suggest some directions for further research.
Rab 25: Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressive of Cancer
Authors: Chen Flora
Published: March 2021

Rab 25 is a small GTPase belonging to the RAS (rat sarcoma) superfamily. It is expressed in epithelial cells only and serves as a regulator of various intracellular signaling pathways. As a key player in in cell regulation, Rab 25 has been shown by research to function mainly as an oncogene in various cancers including breast cancer and ovarian cancer. However, Rab 25 has also been reported to be a tumor suppressor in cancer types such as colorectal cancer. A lot of research has been done about Rab 25 in recent years. This review is an overview of Rab 25, focusing on their role in human diseases such as cancer.
Identification of a Glycerophosphocholine Phosphodiesterase, GDE5, in chicken
Authors: Gao Hao , Chang Pingan
Published: March 2021

Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD/GDE) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerophosphodiesters to glycerol 3-phosphate and alcohol. It was discovered that the glycerophosphodiesterase family plays a role in lipid metabolism and signal pathway in recent years, but little has been known about the characteristics of chicken GDEs. Here, chicken GDE5 (cGDE5) was identified and characterized for the first time. The full length coding cDNA sequence of cGDE5 was cloned, which encoded a polypeptide with 678 amino acids containing a carbohydrate-binding module 20 (CBM20) and a GDPD domain. Tissue expression profiles showed that cGDE5 mRNA was high in various tissues. such as heart, brain, skeletal muscle and testis. Moreover, cGDE5 was demonstrated to exhibit glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase activity. These results together suggested that cGDE5, as a unique member of GDE family, may play multiple roles as a cytoplasmic glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase.
Adsorption of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water by Eggshell Modified with FeCl3
Authors: Li Hongcui , Li Yurong , Yan Feifei , Yin Xiangzheng
Published: March 2021

As a kind of domestic waste, eggshell has developed pore structure and good adsorption capacity. The material was selected as adsorbent to study the adsorption of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water. After being modified by ferric chloride, its adsorption effect is greatly enhanced. The adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water by eggshell modified by ferric chloride was studied under different conditions. The experimental results show that the adsorption capacity after modification is 15% ~ 40% higher than that before modification. The results of orthogonal experiment show that under the following conditions: pH value was 5.00, dosage was 0.050 g, time was 65 min, the maximum adsorption capacity of total phosphorus was 45.34 mg/g; under the following conditions: pH value was 4.50, dosage was 0.100 g, time was 60 min, the maximum adsorption capacity of total nitrogen was 79.91 mg/g.
Research on the Reform of Higher Automotive Engineering Education Under the Background of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhu Xi
Published: March 2021

With the wide application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field of automobile, IntelliDrive has become a new development direction in the automotive industry. Under the background of AI, automobile companies put forward new requirements for the ability and quality of automotive engineering talents. There is a huge gap in compound automotive engineering talents that can meet the needs of automobile enterprises. This paper starts from the current situation of auto companies’ demanding for talents in automotive engineering under the background of AI, analyzes the current problems in the process of training automotive engineering professionals in Chinese colleges and presents a plan to promote the reform of the training mode of automotive engineering professionals in colleges from four aspects: curriculum system construction, teaching staff construction, school-enterprise joint training, strengthen the personalized training of students.
Nickel-Catalyzed Photodehalogenation of Aryl Bromides
Authors: Martin Ruben , Higginson Bradley , Sanjosé-Orduna Jesus , Gu Yiting
Published: March 2021

Herein, we describe a Ni-catalyzed photodehalogenation of aryl bromides under visible-light irradiation that utilizes tetrahydrofuran as hydrogen source. The protocol obviates the need for exogeneous amine reductants or photocatalysts and is characterized by its simplicity and broad scope, including challenging substrate combinations
Double Aortic Arch with Coarctation of Aorta in an Adolescent: Unraveling the Vascular Ring
Authors: Rajbanshi Bijoy G. , Acharya Anil , Neupane Prabesh , Gautam Milan , Sharma Apurb , Kayastha Bhuwan , Ghimire Ram K. , Sharma Ranjit , Joshi Lava N.
Published: March 2021

We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with balanced double aortic arch with coarctation of the aorta presenting with symptoms of respiratory and swallowing difficulty. On investigation, the patient had a double aortic arch with coarctation and clinically nonsignificant disease in the infrarenal aorta. Division of the nondominant aortic arch was done through a left thoracotomy, along with resection of the coarctation segment and placement of an interposition Dacron tube graft.
A Case of Giant Aortoiliac Aneurysm Rupture when Open Repair Seems a One-Way Street
Authors: Galanopoulos Georgios , Papavassiliou Vassilios
Published: March 2021

Giant aortoiliac aneurysm is a rare nosological entity. Owing to the increased diameter, the risk of rupture is extremely high and, similarly, the repair is extremely challenging. In this article, open surgical repair of a ruptured giant aortoiliac aneurysm in a 72-year-old male is described. A bifurcated Dacron graft was used with left internal iliac artery revascularization, while the contralateral internal iliac artery was ligated. The patient had an uneventful recovery.
Lung Ultrasound versus Chest X-Ray for the Detection of Fluid Overload in Critically Ill Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schapka Emily , Gee Jerica , Cyrus John W. , Goldstein Gregory , Greenfield Kara , Marinello Mark , Karam Oliver
Published: March 2021

Fluid overload is a common complication of critical illness, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary fluid status is difficult to evaluate clinically and many clinicians utilize chest X-ray (CXR) to identify fluid overload. Adult data have shown lung ultrasound (LUS) to be a more sensitive modality. Our objective was to determine the performance of LUS for detecting fluid overload, with comparison to CXR, in critically ill children. We conducted a systematic review using multiple electronic databases and included studies from inception to November 15, 2020. The sensitivity and specificity of each test were evaluated. Out of 1,209 studies screened, 4 met eligibility criteria. Overall, CXR is reported to have low sensitivity (44–58%) and moderate specificity (52–94%) to detect fluid overload, while LUS is reported to have high sensitivity (90–100%) and specificity (94–100%). Overall, the quality of evidence was moderate, and the gold standard was different in each study. Our systematic review suggests LUS is more sensitive and specific than CXR to identify pulmonary fluid overload in critically ill children. Considering the clinical burden of fluid overload and the relative ease of obtaining LUS, further evaluation of LUS to diagnose volume overload is warranted.
Gluteus and posterior thigh muscle sizes in sprinters: Their distributions along muscle length
Authors: Takahashi Katsuki , Kamibayashi Kiyotaka , Wakahara Taku
Published: March 2021

Muscle hypertrophy can occur non‐uniformly in athletes who repetitively perform particular movements, presumably leading to a unique muscle size distribution along the length. The present study aimed to examine if sprinters have unique size distributions within the gluteus and posterior thigh muscles. Nineteen male sprinters and 20 untrained males participated in the present study. T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images of the hips and right thigh were obtained in order to determine whole and regional (proximal, middle, and distal) volumes of the gluteus maximus and individual posterior thigh muscles. The results showed that the volumes of all the examined muscles relative to body mass were significantly larger in sprinters than in untrained males (all P < 0.001, d = 1.40–3.29). Moreover, the magnitude of the difference in relative volume between sprinters and untrained males was different between the regions within the gluteus maximus (P = 0.048, partial η 2 = 0.187), semitendinosus (P = 0.004, partial η 2 = 0.331), and adductor magnus (P = 0.007, partial η 2 = 0.322), but not within the other posterior thigh muscles (P = 0.091–0.555, partial η 2 = 0.025–0.176). The magnitude of the difference in relative volume between the sprinters and untrained males was greatest in the distal regions within the gluteus maximus and semitendinosus, while the proximal region within the adductor magnus. These findings indicate that sprinters have unique size distributions within the gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, and adductor magnus, which may be attributed to their competitive and training activities.

Highlights

Sprinters showed larger gluteus maximus and individual posterior thigh muscles than untrained males.

The magnitude of difference varied within the gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, and adductor magnus.

The greatest difference was found in distal regions within the gluteus maximus and semitendinosus, while proximal region within the adductor magnus.
Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with horizontal construction joints
Authors: Al-Rifaie Ali , Al-Hassani Hisham , Shubbar Ali A.
Published: March 2021

In the present research, ten simply supported reinforced concrete beams having a rectangular cross-section were cast and tested up to failure under the action of two-point loads. Eight of these beams were designed to contain horizontal construction joints (HCJs) of different number and location in the beam while the other two beams had no construction joint which were referred to as reference beams for the sake of comparison of results. All the tested beams had been designed to fail in flexure and had the same amount and type of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement as well as similar concrete properties. The results of this series of tests have indicated that the presence of HCJs in reinforced concrete beams leads to a decrease in its ultimate loads and increase in its ultimate deflection. The values of the recorded ultimate loads ranged between 83% to 98% times that of the reference beam while the ultimate deflection ranged between 102% to 133% times that of the reference beam.
Study of Electro-Fenton Oxidation for the Removal of oil content in refinery wastewater
Authors: Ahmed Idrees Hammoody , Hassan Ali A. , Sultan Hussein Kareem
Published: March 2021

In this study, refinery wastewater treatment scheme, the electro-Fenton oxidation process is obtainable. Through Fenton oxidation treatment, numerous working limits remained examined, for instance hydrogen peroxide, electrolysis time and pH. The effects of the working variables including the pH (2-9), hydrogen peroxide concentration (20-60 mg/L) and the reaction time (10-30 minutes) and remained thoughtful through means of answer surface methodology and Minitab-17. The current, agitation speed and sodium chloride of the aqueous solution consumed remained engaged as 1 Amps, 200 rpm and 0.2 g congruently. Beneath the finest standards of the employed variables extra than 98% oil removal in refinery wastewater.
Factors Influencing the Shear Strength of Clays: A review
Authors: Al-Adhadh Ahmed Raad , Abbas Basim Jabbar , Ali Atheer Muhammed
Published: March 2021

The shearing strength of clays is greatly affected by some factors. These factors are including the composition of soil minerals, the initial moisture content, the degree of saturation, the over-consolidation ratio, the initial void ratio, the porosity, the loading conditions (drained conditions versus undrained conditions), the pore fluid composition, weathering, the number of freeze-thaw cycles the soil is subjected as well as any stabilization techniques used on the clay mass. In this study, the effect of three factors (mineralogy, over-consolidation ratio, and drained versus undrained loading) are examined through the available technical literature. The conclusions made in the literature show that (a) the presence of montmorillonite in the soil mass can affect the shear strength in a more pronounced manner than other clay minerals, (b) the higher the over-consolidation ratio (OCR), the larger the shearing resistance of a soil mass, (c) soils loaded under drained conditions tend to exhibit higher strengths than those loaded under undrained conditions, (d) there are many methods to raise the un-drained shearing strength of the soil mass.
Evaluation of Using Photovoltaic Cell in the Electro-Fenton Oxidation for the Removal of Oil Content in Refinery Wastewater
Authors: Alturki Salwan Fadhil , Ghareeb Ahmed Hasan , Hadi Raid T. , Hassan Ali A.
Published: March 2021

In this study, the refinery wastewater treatment system by the photovoltaic electro-Fenton oxidation process was presented, which integrates the environmentally friendly photovoltaic and autonomous solar energy along with the capability of electro for oil content removing in the refinery wastewater. The direct connection between the photovoltaic panel and the electro-oxidation reactor can be accomplished without using batteries. This connection increases the sustainability of the system and eliminates the environment hazard resulted from the inappropriate disposal of the batteries. The photovoltaic electro-oxidation system is commonly made for multipurpose usage depending on the instantaneous solar irradiation by setting the volume of the wastewater to the supplied current intensity that provided by the photovoltaic array. The effect of several parameters that have critical impacts on the system efficiency of the presented process has studied by the Minitab-17 and the response surface methodology. Speed of agitation, solution electrolysis time, and the temperature have been presented and the optimal levels that corresponds to the optimal conditions were investigated and presented as well. Results of the experimental work showed that the working conditions of the agitation speed was 175 rpm, temperature was 70 oC and 15 min-reaction time, the concentration of oil in the treated refinery wastewater (RWW) was significantly decreased from 96.5 ppm (initial value) to specific values less than 2 ppm (the permissible limit), a removal percentage with an amount more that 98% and 20.4 kWh/m3 for the energy consumption were obtained. The suggested process is suitable for refinery wastewater remediation, especially for small amounts of oil content in RWW.
Early age assessment of cement mortar incorporated high volume fly ash
Authors: Hanoon Dhoha Saad , Sallal Ali Kadhim , Shubbar Ali A. , Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Nasr Mohammed Salah , Al-Mamoori Shahad F. , Al-Fehaida Ali , Abdulraheem Mustafa S. , Abdulzahra Firas R. , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Al-Rifaie Ali , Hashim Khalid
Published: March 2021

The technique of replacing the cement with other alternative materials focuses on the production of materials with similar performance and reduced environmental impacts relative to traditional cement. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of replacing the cement content with high volume of Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) on the mechanical performance of cement mortar. Three mixtures were prepared with different percentages of PFA (20%, 40% and 60%) as replacement of cement along with other mixture that made with 100% cement as a control mixture. In order to evaluate the performance of the cement mortars, compressive strength and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing was used. The results indicated that for all ages of curing, the increase of PFA contents caused a reduction in the compressive strength and UPV in comparison with the control mixture. After 28 days of curing, the results indicated that the mixture incorporated 20% PFA has similar UPV value relative to the control mixture. Such findings will significantly contribute in reducing the cost of the produced mortar by reducing the amount of used cement and this consequently reduce the cement demands/manufacturing. Less production of cement will reduce the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions of the cement industry.
Intelligent system for fault detection of phase failure and temperature
Authors: Lilo Moneer A. , Al Mashhadany Yousif I.
Published: March 2021

Recently, most countries began utilizing Electronic governance (EG), which is the application of intelligence technique (IT) for delivering government services, exchange information, communicate transactions, and integrate various stand-alone systems between governments and citizen. The lack of electricity (from unstable power supply) tends to severely interrupt e-governance, as EG needs power in 24 hours per day. The phase failure, over-voltage, and frequency instability can result in the lack of electricity. This paper details the design and implementation of an intelligent fault detection system that controls the feeding power for IT equipment by calling the engineer or utilizing another power source. The system was implemented based on the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM)-sim900and Arduino microcontroller, where the Arduino code is used to implement the software. The result show that the system will try feeding the IT system the power via other power sources line until the service engineers arrive to address the problems. The intelligent system improves the reliability and stability of EG, which improves its performance and the delivery of public services to citizens.
Design and Implementation of a Smart System for School Children Tracking
Authors: Khutar Dawood Zahi , Yahya Omar Hashim , Salim Alrikabi Haider Th.
Published: March 2021

What the world is seeing about the deterioration of public safety in various cities and the increase in the rate of crimes against children makes parents constantly worry about their children when they go to school and until they return from it. To dispel these fears, the idea emerges to create an application that allows parents to know the whereabouts of their children and notify them with a message if the children exceed the area specified for them. In this application, the process of discovering the child’s precise location in a specific area is carried out by determining the latitude and longitude using the GSM radio navigation system. After that, the mobile receives all the information about the location via the GSM modem. A GSM modem has been programmed to achieve communication between the modem and the child by two methods of communication through which the child’s location is determined. Ensuring that the child’s location is known at any time and informing the person responsible for tracking him is the primary function of this system. This device connects to the child in an appropriate manner and it turns on when the child exits the designated area for him, after which a message is sent to the tracker. The device can be triggered using a short messaging system (SMS) where the user can communicate remotely to the GSM using a mobile.
Performance analysis of cavitation flow pump
Authors: Kasim Muna , Arife Waleed
Published: March 2021

In the current research, an experimental and theoretical investigation has been performed in non-cavitating and cavitating flow conditions, carried out in the centrifugal pump. The test used an open-loop drudge pump system to investigate the effects of Net positive suction head available (NPSHa) with a range (1 to 10 m), The centrifugal pump concert was coordinated by a flow rate with incremental values (80 to 450 m3/h), water temperature with values (12.5, 25.5, 35.5 and 45.5 )°C and pump speed with values (1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 rpm). Thus, the theoretical study is included a two-phase flow 2-D simulation (ANSYS FLUENT software) within the centrifugal pump. It was noted that the percentage drop in the flow rate less than (2%) at a head drop of 3%, whereas the percentage drop in performance greater than (3%). This also showed that NPSHa decreases by increasing the flow rate and temperature and increases by reducing the velocity. This study showed that the noise level of the pump was increased with the decreasing NPSHa and the flow rate. Furthermore, the difference in the noise level between non-cavitating and cavitating flows was around (8 dB) (3 percent head fall). Thus, it was noted that Net positive suction head required (NPSHr) was increases by increasing the flow rate and decreases with higher temperature and lower velocity. The initiation of cavitation at NPSHa was approximately equal (4.3 m) to the flow rate (310 m3/h).
Effect of steel reinforcement distribution on ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements
Authors: Salah Muhammad Ali , Al-Rifaie Ali , Al.Khuzaie Hussein M. Ashour
Published: March 2021

Non-destructive tests (NDTs) represented one of the solutions that aid the engineers to evaluate the strength of materials. However, the results obtained using such tests still questionable as they may be affected by different factors. One of these factors is the presence of steel reinforcement in concrete. An experimental investigation is presented in the current study to investigate the effect of the distribution of steel reinforcement on the one of the most common NDTs named Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV). However, two small-scale concrete slabs were tested and the results were successfully obtained. Two different spacing between the longitudinal reinforcement were considered. Also, the effect of measuring the UPV in the top and bottom surface of the RC slab was studied. The effect of direct path length was also investigated. The results showed that the presence of reinforcement considerably affects the UPV values. Besides, no judgement was made to decide the effect of path length as fluctuated results were obtained.
Comparing Between the Imported and Local Bottled Drinking Water by LASSO Regression
Authors: Mohommed Bager Ali Sadig , Hussein A
Published: March 2021

Predict the significant variables of the quality measurement results of 10 and 5 kinds of imported and local bottled drinking water, respectively, tested in the Samawah city, Iraq, using regression analysis (LASSO). These variables were pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, fluoride, nitrates, sulphates, chlorides, iron, manganese. Ph was selected as a y dependant, and others were chosen as x independents. The results showed that nitrates, sulphates, and magnesium were insignificant (Beta > 0.05) in imported and local bottled drinking water, while sodium was insignificant (Beta > 0.05) in local bottled drinking water only. From these results, LASSO regression gave better results.
System identification based PSO approach for networked DC servo motor
Authors: Akram Ibtihal , Awad Osama A.
Published: March 2021

Networked control system (NCS) suffers from inherent time delay and packet loss associated with any communication network. To build a controller that overcomes these issues, we need to know the accurate model of the system a priori. But, unfortunately most of the practical systems faced with lack in available and complete specifications of the physical system that helps in developing accurate mathematical model. This paper provides an experimentally identification method for any system based on Particle Swarm Optimization approach. The objective function to be minimized is based on the integral squared error criterion between the experimental and modeled trajectories. An armature-controlled DC motor with gearbox in lab is examined. The practical system trajectory represents the angular rotation of the output shaft. The DC motor system is modeled and controlled using fuzzy PID controller by the presented approach. Experimental results show that model equation has been successfully found with 94% accuracy. Also, a methodology for modeling the time delay in WNCS is presented.
Theoretical assessment of using ceramic tiles as replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement and sand
Authors: Joudah Zahraa H , Hewayde Esam , Samadi Mostafa , Huseien Ghasan F
Published: March 2021

Using of industrial wastes as replacement of cement and/or other components of concrete is very attractive in concrete industry especially when this replacement leads to a reduction in the cost of concrete. This study investigates the feasibility of using two forms of ceramic tile wastes, naming: waste ceramic powder (WCP) and ceramic fine aggregate (CFA) as replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and river sand (RS), respectively. Twelve mortar mixtures incorporating various dosages of WCP and/or CFA were prepared to compare Carbone dioxide (CO2) emission, cost effectiveness, and energy consumption of the different mortar mixtures. Results showed that the use of WCP as replacement of OPC significantly reduces the CO2 emission, cost effective and energy consumption of the mortar mixtures. A replacement of 60% by weight of OPC by WCP resulted in a reduction of approximately 50%, 40% and 30% in CO2 emission, energy consumption, and cost respectively. The replacement of RS by different levels of CFA (up to 100%) had a marginal influence on the CO2 emission and energy consumption, while it moderately decreased the effective cost of the mortar mixtures. Results of using WCP as a partial replacement of cement are very encouraging and should be gathered with laboratory results about the effect of the replacement on properties of concrete to have a clear vision about selecting the appropriate materials of replacement for cement.
Investigating the effect of cartographic properties on updating cadastral maps
Authors: Hussain M , Al-Bakri M
Published: March 2021

Cadastral maps are the main documents of ownership and plots of land, as it contribute to preserving the property rights of individuals and institutions. It indicates the size and shape of each parcel and reveals geographic relationships that affect property value. The Iraqi cadastral maps are in old coordinate system AL-nahrwan 1934 and lambert conformal conic projection. Therefore these maps are old and unfit for use. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of cartographic properties on updating cadastral maps. This depends on studying the effect of conversion the projection and the datum of the cadastral maps of the study area from (datum: nahrwan34, projection: lambert conformal conic) to the (datum WGS84, projection: UTM). The results indicated that the distortions are very small in small areas and distance, but it increases with increasing areas and distances. While, there is no distortion in directions. The Affine (2D) and Molodensky (3D) transformations were used in datum transformation. The total root mean square error (TRMSE) of affine transformation was ±0.895m, while it was±0.651m for Molodensky results. Therefore, the Molodensky method was used to transform the datum for all cadastral maps.
Performance of ACI code for predicting the flexural capacity and deflection of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams
Authors: Zinkaah Othman Hameed , Araba Almahdi , Alhawat Musab
Published: March 2021

A conventional Portland cement can be considered as the most consumed energy material, since it isresponsible on about 1.35 billion tons annually, occupying is approximately 6% of global CO2 emissions. It can be stated that the emission related to CO2 is the main reason of global warming and greenhouse effect. For this reason, studies have been devoted to find a clean source of material to be an alternative for the traditional cement. Geopolymer concrete is being emerged as a promised construction material that acts as an ecofriendly material. Geopolymer is an inorganic material that can be produced from geological origin or by-product waste, mainly from Silicon (Si) and Aluminum (Ai) in addition to the alkaline activator required for geopolymerization process. Research conducted to assess the performance of the existing design guidelines (e.g. ACI code) for moment and/or deflection calculations of Geopolymer concrete beams is scarcely available in literature. Therefore, this research is devoted to evaluating the applicability of ACI 318-2019 code for flexural and deflection calculations. For this purpose, a total of 40 simply supported geopolymer concrete beams embedded with steel reinforcement bars were compiled from different sources of literature. The experimental results collected from the samples were compared to those calculated by ACI 318-2019 in terms of moment capacity and deflection. It was found that the calculated moments of the ACI were conservative with a mean value and the variation of coefficient of 1.16 and 15 %, respectively. On the other hand, the deflection results were much lower than those measured experimentally. Essentially after the formation of the first crack, highlighting the need of a suitable model for precisely predicting the flexural strength and deflections of geopolymer concrete beams to reflect the main parameters that control the behavior of such elements.
Production of Ternary Blend Binder as an Alternative to Portland Cement
Authors: Al-Mamoori Shahad F. , Shubbar Ali A. , Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Nasr Mohammed Salah , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Al-Rifaie Ali , Al-Mufti Rafal Latif , Sadique Monower , Hashim Khalid
Published: March 2021

Environmental pollution and the relatively high cost of waste disposal have been a major focus for scientists around the world, leading researchers to find a solution to reuse waste materials in different applications. Additionally, landfills are considered one of the biggest crisis facing the Iraqi government. Therefore, this study aims to present a new ternary mixture that consists of OPC in addition to Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) by utilizing it as a partial substitution of cement. A new ternary mortar mixtures containing four substitution levels of cement with GGBS and PFA (0%, 30 %, 50% and 70% by weight) were carried out. The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and compressive strength tests were adopted to show the influence of GGBS and PFA on mechanical features of cement mortar. Findings indicated that, the compressive strength values were reduced with increasing the GGBS and PFA proportions at all curing ages. For 70% replacement, the compressive strength values were the lowest values comparison with that for control specimens. In contrast, the GGBS and PFA had a negative and positive impacts on the UPV of mortar depending on the substitution ratio. At 30 % substitution levels, the velocity value was enhanced, while other substitution ratios affected negatively on the UPV values.
The Concept of Customization and the Evolutionary Path of Industrialized Architecture in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Mohammed Aldiwani Hala Shamsi , Shahin Bahjat Rashad
Published: March 2021

Industrialized Architecture in the twentieth century was affected -directly and indirectly-by the Mass Production Paradigm that appeared in industrial products, and due to the nature of architecture in combining creative and craft design and industrial production on the one hand, and to preserve the economic, social and demographic aspects on the other hand, major changes appeared in dealing with Mass Production. As a result, features of the concept of Customization emerged, which means the merging between Craft production and Mass production, constituting the contemporary Manufacturing Paradigm. The research problem crystallized in the change in the embodiment of the Mass production Paradigm in Industrialized Architecture in the twentieth century. The research assumes: the concept of Customization has a time depth whose features appear in the evolutionary path of Industrialized Architecture in the twentieth century. The research dealt with the theoretical side to reveal indicators that clarify the features of the concept of customization in Industrialized Architecture in the twentieth century, to be tested in the practical side, with the aim of verifying the hypothesis.