bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF THE SUPERMASSIVE BINARY BLACK HOLE CANDIDATES USING SPECTRAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Deandra A. , Popović L. Č , Tombesi F.
Published: June 2024

The merging of supermassive binary black hole (SMBBH) helps in the understanding of galaxy formation and evolution, as well as the source of low-frequency gravitational waves. Unlike kiloparsec SMBBH, sub-parsec SMBBH is difficult to observe directly. However, the activity produced by the sub-parsec SMBBH system is similar to activity observed in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and therefore, similar method of AGN search can be done to search for SMBBH. In this research, the SMBBH search is done using spectral analysis. Prior search with PCA method by Eracleous, et al. (2012) using SDSS DR7 spectra data centered around H-beta region revealed around 100 SMBBH candidates. This prior search is updated to reflect the improvement of SDSS instrument and the new SDSS DR16 catalogue. The candidates list of SMBBH is further refined using simulation that based on model by Popović, et al. (2021). The simulation generates light curves and broad lines that can be compared with the observed profile in optical and x-ray wavelength.
SCHOOL SHOP ECOMMERCE PROJECT
Authors: Dikondwar Miss Neelam
Published: June 2024

Abstract This research paper explores the development of an e-commerce platform specifically designed for a school shop using the MERN stack, which comprises MongoDB, Express.js, React, and Node.js. The primary objective is to create a user-friendly, efficient, and scalable online store that caters to the needs of students, parents, and school administrators for purchasing school-related products. The study highlights the increasing importance of e-commerce in educational settings and discusses the advantages of employing the MERN stack, such as seamless integration, high performance, and ease of development. The methodology section provides a comprehensive overview of the development process, including system design, frontend and backend development, database management, and integration of key functionalities like user authentication, product catalogue, shopping cart, and payment gateway. The implementation phase details the practical application of each MERN stack component, showcasing how MongoDB’s flexibility supports varied data types, how Express.js simplifies server-side development, how React enhances user experience through dynamic interfaces, and how Node.js ensures efficient server-side execution. The project undergoes rigorous testing, including performance, usability, and security assessments, to validate its functionality and reliability. Index Terms – E-commerce, Online Shopping Platform, Web Development, School Shop, User Authentication, Product Management, Shopping Cart, Payment Processing, Scalability, Web Application Development
Moisés Carballo de la Puerta
Authors: Calonge Velázquez Antonio
Published: June 2024

En este trabajo se narra la vida —y vida pública— de un personaje perteneciente a la élite vallisoletana de la Restauración con la finalidad de conocer y confirmar las características que identifican a este tipo de personalidades y su tiempo. Simultáneamente, también pretende conocer la vida local de la ciudad.
Moisés Carballo de la Puerta fue miembro de la élite política, social, económica y cultural vallisoletana a caballo entre la primera y la segunda Restauración. Abogado, alcalde de Valladolid, senador del reino, propietario o industrial, benefactor social y cultural. Un hombre claro exponente de la clase a la que perteneció y de la época que le tocó vivir.
El catolicismo en femenino. Una mirada desde la historia de España
Authors: Louzao Joseba
Published: June 2024

Presentación del número 23 . El catolicismo en femenino. Una mirada desde la historia de España.
Las crónicas políticas de José María Gil-Robles en La Estrella del Mar (1921-1924). Una fuente desconocida para el estudio del personaje
Authors: Rodríguez López-Brea Carlos M.
Published: June 2024

José María Gil-Robles fue una de las grandes figuras de la derecha española del siglo XX. Escribió y editó mucho, pero no se sabía de la existencia de las crónicas políticas que publicó en la revista La Estrella del Mar entre 1921 y 1924. En esas crónicas, el escritor católico ofreció su apasionado punto de vista sobre los sucesos de España y del mundo, exhibiendo un ideario esencialmente reaccionario y antiliberal, no reñido en ocasiones con ciertas dosis de pragmatismo. A pesar de su notable candidez, los artículos de La Estrella del Mar resultan útiles para descubrir claves interpretativas del Gil-Robles de los años republicanos.
The Colonizer-Colonized Relationship and Racism: 'Partition 2007' Movie Analysis
Authors: ALHadidy Assist. Inst. Jasim
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with analysing the film "Partition" 2007 that portrays the actions of violence and hatred between the two nations, Islamic, from one side, and Sikh and Hinduism, from the other side, during the partition of the Indian subcontinent into India and Pakistan. This kind of film often addresses the problems that are consequences of colonial activities of the European countries on colonized nations. In fact, this hatred is one of the outcomes of British colonialism which was responsible for raising the racism between Muslim and other groups of Hindi society. It is known that analysing a film may deal with one of the following aspects of the author's work: the characters, the theme, the form, and the language. This paper is going to analyse the film 'partition' focusing on the themes mentioned in this film. This analysis will help in understanding the real relationship between Indian people and British, and between Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims. Moreover, this paper will show the effects of the process of the partition upon the people of India till nowadays. This paper includes an introduction and three sections. In the first section, the writer presents the definitions of some postcolonial terms with their applications in the film. The second introduces India before and after the partition to give the reader more comprehension about the reasons for the partition. Section three includes a summary of the film 'partition' and the analysis of the themes that Vic Sarin addressed in the film. This paper found that the attempts of Britain to create racial segregation among Indian people succeeded in achieving some and failed in other goals.
An Analysis of The Speech Acts in Advertisement Slogans
Authors: Chinturu Adiniu (PhD) Mary , Uchenna (PhD) Amaefula
Published: June 2024

The major challenge the consumers face with the slogans is interpretation. The strategic patterns with which the slogans were designed leave the consumers in a state of quagmire. The work addressed those problems the consumers face in understanding speech acts used in advertisement slogans. The research also explained that advertisement slogans perform some acts. The research emphasized as well that the adequate understanding of the speech acts and intentions of the copywriters is insightful and rewarding and that the meaning abstracted from the acts controls the responses of the consumers. The research analyzed some slogans pinning down the various speech acts which enable the consumers interpret the purposes and the intentions of the advertisers. The qualitative content analysis with the descriptive survey method which enabled them inferred and generalized the finding of the study was adopted. The Mutual Contextual Beliefs as a pragmatic theory was adopted and it was found out that context and speaker’s intention play vital roles in conveying messages from advertisers to the audience. And that the meaning abstracted from the acts control the responses of the consumer unconsciously. It was recommended that consumers should watch out for the acts or functions inherent in every slogan as to clear certain confusion that arises from inadequate interpretations. We then concluded that some pragmatic and semantic squabbles facing advertisement can also be addressed through an adequate interpretation of the speech acts inherent in the slogans. Moreso, an adequate understanding of the various speech acts by the consumers as employed by the copywriters enable the consumers to make the appropriate choices.
An Alternative Estimator for Path Sampling
Authors: Nidsunkid Sudarat , Lao Mena
Published: June 2024

Path sampling is used in area population where paths are defined and sampled from the population. It is a cost saving sampling design because all units in the sample are observed when surveying. The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative estimator for path sampling by utilizing modified ratio estimator for unequal probability sampling design. Mean square error of the proposed ratio estimator is obtained and compared with the classical ratio estimator. The situations when the proposed ratio estimator is better than the traditional ratio estimator are theoretically presented.
Samlede anmeldelser
Authors: Danske Studier
Published: June 2024

Anmeldelser af:

Henrik Jørgensen: Ebba Hjorth (hovedredaktør), Henrik Galberg Jacobsen, Bent Jørgensen, Birgitte Jacobsen, Merete Korvenius Jørgensenog Laurids Kristian Fahl (red.): Dansk Sproghistorie, bd. 5. Dansk i Samspil.
Jon Haarberg: Johnny Kondrup (hovedredaktør): Dansk Editionshistorie, bd.1-4.
Erik Skyum-Nielsen: Anders Juhl Rasmussen & Thomas Hvid Kromann (red.): Danskeforfatterarkiver.
Sebastian Olden-Jørgensen: Helene Peterbauer: The Princess in the Tower Revisited. Four Centuries of Constructing Leonora Christina through Fact and Fiction
Torben Jelsbak: Søren Blak Hjortshøj: Son of Spinoza: Georg Brandes and Modern Jewish Cosmopolitanism. Georg Brandes: Human Rights and Oppressed Peoples: Collected Essays and Speeches. Oversat, redigeret og med indledning af William Banks. Georg Brandes: Vorlesungen über Friedrich Nietzsche (1888). Aristokratischer Radicalismus (1889/1890). Dansk-Tysk parallel udgave. Udgivet af Gert Posselt og Per Dahl.

Jens Lohfert Jørgensen: Jens Bjerring-Hansen, Torben Jelsbak og Anna Estera Mrozewicz (red.): Scandinavian Exceptionalisms. Culture, Society, Discourse.
Jørn Erslev Andersen:  Jonas Holst: Peter Seeberg – Æstetik, eksistensfilosofi og kulturanalyse i Peter Seebergs skønlitterære forfatterskab
Creencias filosóficas espontáneas sobre libre albedrío y responsabilidad: algunas evidencias desde la experiencia de la enseñanza de la bioética en ingeniería biomédica
Authors: Lema Añón Carlos
Published: June 2024

En uno de los experimentos fundacionales de la filosofía experimental, Nichols y Knobe sostuvieron que la gente tiende a considerar que un universo no determinista es condición de la responsabilidad moral. Pero que esta intuición varía dramáticamente si se plantea la pregunta a partir de un caso concreto que movilice una respuesta emocional de rechazo, en cuyo caso la mayoría se decanta por apreciar responsabilidad moral incluso en un universo determinista. Aplicado el caso a estudiantes de bioética en ingeniería biomédica, los resultados son completamente distintos, de forma consistente en varias cohortes. Este artículo explora diferentes hipótesis (metodología, contexto cultural, lengua materna y trasfondo educativo y vocacional) que podrían explicar la divergencia.
Estrategias de integración intercultural: ¿cómo avanzar en la gestión de la diversidad?
Authors: Solanes Corella Ángeles
Published: June 2024

En las últimas décadas la focalización de la política europea de migración y asilo en las cuestiones relacionadas con el control de las fronteras y la protección del mercado de trabajo, y con ella la política a nivel nacional, ha relegado sistemáticamente la integración de los extranjeros a un segundo plano. La Comisión Europea y el Consejo de Europa no han dejado de insistir en que la inclusión es fundamental para las personas que llegan a Europa y para las comunidades locales, de manera recíproca, si se quiere consolidar el bienestar de nuestras sociedades y la estabilidad de nuestras economías.
Este trabajo recoge un análisis crítico y propositivo, desde los puntos en común de las directrices más recientes de la Comisión y el Consejo, y la concreción que de ellas se ha hecho en el nuevo Marco Estratégico nacional, para articular e implementar una política de integración e inclusión que ofrezca respuestas a los cambios, desafíos y oportunidades que se presentan en el nuevo contexto social y migratorio europeo y español.
Recensión: Antonio Perejón Rincón “El Instituto Lucas Mallada de Investigaciones Geológicas. CSIC (1943-1979)”. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, 2023, 270 pp.
Authors: Gozalo Rodolfo Gozalo
Published: June 2024

Nos encontramos ante un libro que muestra cual fue la evolución del Instituto Lucas Mallada, una instituciónclave en el desarrollo de la Geología en la segunda mitad del siglo XX en España. Por dicho Instituto pasarony se formaron muchos de los profesores que luego fueron claves en la formación de los distintos grupos deinvestigación geológica de nuestro país. La organización del libro nos conduce a través de la historia de lainstitución, su labor formativa y sus principales aportaciones a la ciencia española. Los primeros capítulos estánorganizados cronológicamente en cuatro etapas, de acuerdo con los directores del Instituto, que marcaron lasdirectrices en cada momento y dejaron su impronta en las actividades del Instituto, la captación de personal ymarcaron sus principales líneas de investigación. Simultáneamente se puede colegir los cambios institucionalesque se van produciendo en el CSIC, a los que el Instituto se tiene que ir adaptando, y la paulatina separación dela Universidad y del CSIC.
Development of an LC-MS/MS technique and its validation for the determination of infigratinib in human K2EDTA plasma; Pharmacokinetics in healthy rabbits
Authors: Anusha Kunala , Sowjanya Gummadi
Published: June 2024

A precise and linear liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique was developed for the estimation of infigratinib in human K2EDTA plasma. Chromatographic isolation of infigratinib and dasatinib was attained on orosil, 3 μm, C18, 150 × 4.6 mm stationary phase with a 0.8 ml/minute movable phase flow rate. The method was rectilinear in a concentration range of 1–1,640 ng/ml. Validation showed an r2 = 0.9997 and an equation of y = 0.0015x − 0.0063. The average accuracies of back-assessed concentrations for all quality controls (QCs) were between 96.34 and 100.76. At medium QC, high-QC, and low-QC concentrations, infigratinib had 98.14%, 96.36%, and 97.21% mean recoveries, respectively. Retention time %CV findings were ≤0.62 for the analyte and dasatinib, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of infigratinib in healthy rabbits. The Cmax, Tmax, and T1/2, of the infigratinib tablets were 87.25 } 1.43 ng/ml, 6.0 } 0.03 hours, and 15.24 } 0.53 hours, respectively. AUC 0–∞ infinity for infigratinib tablets was 291.74 } 3.67 ng h/ml. The developed method was successfully validated and can be utilized for the assessment of infigratinib in biological matrices at industries, forensic laboratories, QC laboratories, and bioavailability studies.
Transformative solidification techniques for self-emulsifying drug delivery and its foresight in modern-day drug delivery
Authors: Govindan Induja , Rama Annamalai , Kailas Anjana A. , Hebbar Srinivas , Naha Anup
Published: June 2024

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) represent a significant breakthrough in addressing bioavailability challenges by enhancing the solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs, ensuring consistent formulation properties, and facilitating easy industrial scale-up. Despite their liquid form posing some limitations, these challenges can be effectively addressed by solidifying SEDDSs, offering numerous advantages. The solidification of SEDDS has opened avenues for overcoming limitations associated with liquid formulations. Different approaches to solidification of SEDDS have been investigated to overcome the practical limitations of liquid formulations. Each method offers a plethora of benefits such as improved physiochemical stability, extended gastric residence time, controlled release of the drug, enhanced bioavailability, ease of handling, dose accuracy, and so on. While limitations persist, ongoing research is paving the path for the commercialization of solid SEDDS formulations with enhanced therapeutic effects. In light of previous publications, the current review paper makes an effort to give a comprehensive account of the most recent advancements in solid SEDDSs technology, with a focus on the formulation aspects of various types of novel solid self-emulsifying dosage forms for oral and nonoral drug delivery.
Structural characterization of ligand binding and pH-specific enzymatic activity of mouse Acidic Mammalian Chitinase
Authors: Díaz Roberto Efraín , Ecker Andrew K , Correy Galen J , Asthana Pooja , Young Iris D , Faust Bryan , Thompson Michael C , Seiple Ian B , Van Dyken Steven , Locksley Richard M , Fraser James S
Published: June 2024

Chitin is an abundant biopolymer and pathogen-associated molecular pattern that stimulates a host innate immune response. Mammals express chitin-binding and chitin-degrading proteins to remove chitin from the body. One of these proteins, Acidic Mammalian Chitinase (AMCase), is an enzyme known for its ability to function under acidic conditions in the stomach but is also active in tissues with more neutral pHs, such as the lung. Here, we used a combination of biochemical, structural, and computational modeling approaches to examine how the mouse homolog (mAMCase) can act in both acidic and neutral environments. We measured kinetic properties of mAMCase activity across a broad pH range, quantifying its unusual dual activity optima at pH 2 and 7. We also solved high-resolution crystal structures of mAMCase in complex with oligomeric GlcNAcn, the building block of chitin, where we identified extensive conformational ligand heterogeneity. Leveraging these data, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations that suggest how a key catalytic residue could be protonated via distinct mechanisms in each of the two environmental pH ranges. These results integrate structural, biochemical, and computational approaches to deliver a more complete understanding of the catalytic mechanism governing mAMCase activity at different pH. Engineering proteins with tunable pH optima may provide new opportunities to develop improved enzyme variants, including AMCase, for therapeutic purposes in chitin degradation.
Homeostatic regulation of rapid eye movement sleep by the preoptic area of the hypothalamus
Authors: Maurer John J , Lin Alexandra , Jin Xi , Hong Jiso , Sathi Nicholas , Cardis Romain , Osorio-Forero Alejandro , Lüthi Anita , Weber Franz , Chung Shinjae
Published: June 2024

Rapid eye movement sleep (REMs) is characterized by activated electroencephalogram (EEG) and muscle atonia, accompanied by vivid dreams. REMs is homeostatically regulated, ensuring that any loss of REMs is compensated by a subsequent increase in its amount. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the homeostatic control of REMs are largely unknown. Here, we show that GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus projecting to the tuberomammillary nucleus (POAGAD2→TMN neurons) are crucial for the homeostatic regulation of REMs in mice. POAGAD2→TMN neurons are most active during REMs, and inhibiting them specifically decreases REMs. REMs restriction leads to an increased number and amplitude of calcium transients in POAGAD2→TMN neurons, reflecting the accumulation of REMs pressure. Inhibiting POAGAD2→TMN neurons during REMs restriction blocked the subsequent rebound of REMs. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic circuit whose activity mirrors the buildup of homeostatic REMs pressure during restriction and that is required for the ensuing rebound in REMs.
Local, calcium- and reward-based synaptic learning rule that enhances dendritic nonlinearities can solve the nonlinear feature binding problem
Authors: Khodadadi Zahra , Trpevski Daniel , Lindroos Robert , Kotaleski Jeanette Hellgren
Published: June 2024

This study explores the computational potential of single striatal projection neurons (SPN), emphasizing dendritic nonlinearities and their crucial role in solving complex integration problems. Utilizing a biophysically detailed multicompartmental model of an SPN, we introduce a calcium-based, local synaptic learning rule that leverages dendritic plateau potentials. According to what is known about excitatory corticostriatal synapses, the learning rule is governed by local calcium dynamics from NMDA and L-type calcium channels and dopaminergic reward signals. In addition, we incorporated metaplasticity in order to devise a self-adjusting learning rule which ensures stability for individual synaptic weights. We demonstrate that this rule allows single neurons to solve the nonlinear feature binding problem (NFBP), a task traditionally attributed to neuronal networks. We also detail an inhibitory plasticity mechanism, critical for dendritic compartmentalization, further enhancing computational efficiency in dendrites. This
in silico
study underscores the computational capacity of individual neurons, extending our understanding of neuronal processing and the brain’s ability to perform complex computations.
Noisy neuronal populations effectively encode sound localization in the dorsal inferior colliculus of awake mice
Authors: Boffi Juan Carlos , Bathellier Brice , Asari Hiroki , Prevedel Robert
Published: June 2024

Sound location coding has been extensively studied at the central nucleus of the mammalian inferior colliculus (CNIC), supporting a population code. However, this population code has not been extensively characterized on the single-trial level with simultaneous recordings or at other anatomical regions like the dorsal cortex of inferior colliculus (DCIC), which is relevant for learning-induced experience dependent plasticity. To address these knowledge gaps, here we made in two complementary ways large-scale recordings of DCIC populations from awake mice in response to sounds delivered from 13 different frontal horizontal locations (azimuths): volumetric two-photon calcium imaging with ~700 cells simultaneously recorded at a relatively low temporal resolution, and high-density single-unit extracellular recordings with ~20 cells simultaneously recorded at a high temporal resolution. Independent of the method, the recorded DCIC population responses revealed substantial trial-to-trial variation (neuronal noise) which was significantly correlated across pairs of neurons (noise correlations) in the passively listening condition. Nevertheless, decoding analysis supported that these noisy response patterns encode sound location on the single-trial basis, reaching errors that match the discrimination ability of mice. The detected noise correlations contributed to minimize the error of the DCIC population code of sound azimuth. Altogether these findings point out that DCIC can encode sound location in a similar format to what has been proposed for CNIC, opening exciting questions about how noise correlations could shape this code in the context of cortico-collicular input and experience-dependent plasticity.
Noisy neuronal populations effectively encode sound localization in the dorsal inferior colliculus of awake mice
Authors: Boffi Juan C. , Bathellier Brice , Asari Hiroki , Prevedel Robert
Published: June 2024

Sound location coding has been extensively studied at the central nucleus of the mammalian inferior colliculus (CNIC), supporting a population code. However, this population code has not been extensively characterized on the single-trial level with simultaneous recordings or at other anatomical regions like the dorsal cortex of inferior colliculus (DCIC), which is relevant for learning-induced experience dependent plasticity. To address these knowledge gaps, here we made in two complementary ways large-scale recordings of DCIC populations from awake mice in response to sounds delivered from 13 different frontal horizontal locations (azimuths): volumetric two-photon calcium imaging with ∼700 cells simultaneously recorded at a relatively low temporal resolution, and high-density single-unit extracellular recordings with ∼20 cells simultaneously recorded at a high temporal resolution. Independent of the method, the recorded DCIC population responses revealed substantial trial-to-trial variation (neuronal noise) which was significantly correlated across pairs of neurons (noise correlations) in the passively listening condition. Nevertheless, decoding analysis supported that these noisy response patterns encode sound location on the single-trial basis, reaching errors that match the discrimination ability of mice. The detected noise correlations contributed to minimize the error of the DCIC population code of sound azimuth. Altogether these findings point out that DCIC can encode sound location in a similar format to what has been proposed for CNIC, opening exciting questions about how noise correlations could shape this code in the context of cortico-collicular input and experience dependent plasticity.
Detection of fake face images using lightweight convolutional neural networks with stacking ensemble learning method
Authors: Şafak Emre , Barışçı Necaattin
Published: June 2024

Images and videos containing fake faces are the most common type of digital manipulation. Such content can lead to negative consequences by spreading false information. The use of machine learning algorithms to produce fake face images has made it challenging to distinguish between genuine and fake content. Face manipulations are categorized into four basic groups: entire face synthesis, face identity manipulation (deepfake), facial attribute manipulation and facial expression manipulation. The study utilized lightweight convolutional neural networks to detect fake face images generated by using entire face synthesis and generative adversarial networks. The dataset used in the training process includes 70,000 real images in the FFHQ dataset and 70,000 fake images produced with StyleGAN2 using the FFHQ dataset. 80% of the dataset was used for training and 20% for testing. Initially, the MobileNet, MobileNetV2, EfficientNetB0, and NASNetMobile convolutional neural networks were trained separately for the training process. In the training, the models were pre-trained on ImageNet and reused with transfer learning. As a result of the first trainings EfficientNetB0 algorithm reached the highest accuracy of 93.64%. The EfficientNetB0 algorithm was revised to increase its accuracy rate by adding two dense layers (256 neurons) with ReLU activation, two dropout layers, one flattening layer, one dense layer (128 neurons) with ReLU activation function, and a softmax activation function used for the classification dense layer with two nodes. As a result of this process accuracy rate of 95.48% was achieved with EfficientNetB0 algorithm. Finally, the model that achieved 95.48% accuracy was used to train MobileNet and MobileNetV2 models together using the stacking ensemble learning method, resulting in the highest accuracy rate of 96.44%.
Pedagogical control scales of vertical jumping performance in untrained adolescents (13–16 years): research by strata
Authors: Calero-Morales Santiago , Villavicencio-Alvarez Victor Emilio , Flores-Abad Elizabeth , Monroy-Antón Antonio Jesús
Published: June 2024

Background

A scale is used to establish performance ranges in different sciences, it being necessary to design specialized biological and pedagogical indicators in physical activity, sport and health.

Objective

To design a scale for the pedagogical control of the vertical jumping ability in untrained adolescents (13–16 years), stratifying the sample by age range, ethnicity, urban and rural area, socioeconomic level, and gender.

Methods

A representative sample of the Ecuadorian population (n = 3,705) is studied, classifying it into the aforementioned strata, controlling the vertical jump by ISAK I and II level experts, applying the Sargent Test to measure vertical jumps on a multi-force wall, establishing scales with seven percentile levels, and making comparisons related to chronological age, gender, socioeconomic, and genetic indicators.

Results

Significant differences in the vertical jumping performance were determined according to the category or age range (13–14 ≠ 15–16 years) and by gender (w = 0.000). Various levels of performance were determined, classifying the maximum level as talented in the female gender (≥40 cm; and ≥42 cm) and male gender (≥47 cm; and ≥57 cm) in the 13‒14 and 15‒16 years categories, respectively. Sampling comparisons by geographical area only determined significant differences in the male gender, with the jumping ability being higher in urban areas (13‒14 years: w = 0.046; 15‒16 years: w = 0.013). The comparison by ethnic groups showed significant differences (k = 0.030), favoring the Afro-Ecuadorian ethnic group in both genders, while there are significant differences by socioeconomic level, especially between the middle and lower classes.

Conclusions

The present research solves the lack of a tool for making correct didactic decisions related to the vertical jumping ability, taking into account various important stratified indicators. The complementary conclusions show significant differences according to the category stratum or age range, the gender stratum, and the ethnic stratum in females and males, where the best average rank favored the Afro-Ecuadorian ethnic group in both genders. There are significant differences in the geographical area stratum in the male gender, and differences in the socioeconomic stratum in favor of the upper and middle classes.
Imaginar Chile en tres novelas: "Mariluán" (1862), "La Reina de Rapa Nui" (1914) y "Butamalón" (1994)
Authors: Pizarro Roberts Sergio , González Alfonso Felipe
Published: June 2024

Este trabajo se propone indagar la incidencia del componente étnico en la nación que imaginan los narradores de las siguientes tres novelas chilenas: Mariluán, un drama en el campo (1862) de Alberto Blest Gana, La reina de Rapa Nui (1914) de Pedro Prado y Butamalón (1994) de Eduardo Labarca. El soporte teórico que sostiene el análisis evolutivo de las tres novelas lo confiere el concepto de nación, analizado historiográficamente por Benedict Anderson, Eric Hobsbawm y Partha Chatterjee que, previamente imaginada, termina siendo una comunidad política que negocia su diversidad.
José Donoso y el mítico desgarro de un episodio creador. Comienzos escriturarios e íncipit de "El lugar sin límites"
Authors: Bocaz Leiva María Laura
Published: June 2024

Este artículo problematiza lo que a partir del testimonio del autor en su Historia personal del boom ha sido considerado hasta el presente como el íncipit de su novela El lugar sin límites, a partir de un análisis crítico genético de los diarios de escritura comprendidos en el proceso creativo de “El último Azocitía”-“El obsceno pájaro de la noche” y “La Manuela”-“El lugar sin límites”.
Optimization of Ethylene Glycol Production Process from Bio Mass (Corn Cob) Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Bassey Perpetua G. , Oghenevwegba Erukaye, Damien
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on the increasing global demand for Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) and its production from corncob through Catalytic Hydrogenation. The process was optimized using Design of Experiment (DOE) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Physiochemical properties of the produced MEG were found to align with ASTM standards. Physiochemical properties of the produced Monoethylene glycol (MEG) was determined to have the following; density 2.19g/cm3, specific gravity 1.077 at 20 oC, flash point 116.20 oC and viscosity 12.32mm2/s at 40 oC, this values is in agreement with the ASTM standard values for monoethylene glycol. The study utilized a central composite design (CCD) with 21 runs to assess the impact of key parameters on biomass hydrogenation, revealing a quadratic model, also Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows a high coefficient of determination (R2) of >0.9932. Four parameters (mass ratio of binary catalyst, hydrogen pressure, temperature and mass ratio of catalyst to feedstock) were varied with two center points to determine the effects of process parameters and eventually to get optimum monoethylene glycol (MEG) yield. The optimized conditions yielded a MEG yield of 70.2wt.%, demonstrating the potential of corncob as a viable source for MEG production. This finding proved that corncob can be utilized to produce monoethylene glycol (MEG) which could be potentially used in many way.
Evaluation of the Success of Planting in the Rehabilitation of a Watershed Area in Sei Lesan Protected Forest, Indonesia
Authors: Muslihan Muhammad , Biantary Maya Preva , Emawati Heni , Ismail  , Derita Djumansi
Published: June 2024

The high level of community activity in using river watershed land has resulted in the exploitation of land around the watershed which has resulted in a decline in soil quality and caused land degradation along the river flow, therefore areas along the river flow require land reclamation so that the natural balance around the watershed is maintained. Reclamation is an activity that aims to repair or organize the use of land that has been disturbed as a result of inappropriate environmental processing business activities so that it can function and be efficient according to its intended purpose. The research aim is to evaluate the level of success of planting in the rehabilitation process of PT Berau Coal in the Lesan River Protected Forest. The research was carried out in the Sei Lesan Protected Forest Area in the Segah Watershed, Kelay Sub Watershed in Kelay District, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia from July to August 2022. This research used systematic sampling with the random start method, namely plot measurement, The first measuring plot is created randomly and subsequent measuring plots are created systematically with a sampling intensity of at least 5%. The results of the research show that the level of plant growth in watershed rehabilitation activities at PT Berau Coal Watershed Rehabilitation was declared successful with a plant survival percentage value of 78.24%, and the planting results in the PT Berau Coal Block C watershed rehabilitation area were very good with a percentage of healthy plants of 76.08%.
Application of Drones Technology in Agriculture: A Modern Approach
Authors: Singh Nandini , Gupta Deeksha , Joshi Mansi , Yadav Kamalkant , Nayak Somanath , Kumar Manish , Nayak Kratika , Gulaiya Shani , Rajpoot Ashutosh Singh
Published: June 2024

Drone technology can be used for many applications for agricultural uses, including crop health monitoring and farm operations like weed management, Evapotranspiration estimation, spraying etc. For agricultural applications, regularized smart-farming solutions are being considered, including the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The agricultural UAVs are highly capable, and their use has expanded across all areas of agriculture, including pesticide and fertilizer spraying, seed sowing, and growth assessment and mapping. Accordingly, the market for agricultural UAVs is expected to continue growing with the related technologies. In this study, we consider the latest trends and applications of leading technologies related to agricultural UAVs, control technologies, equipment, and development. We discuss the use of UAVs in real agricultural environments. Furthermore, the future development of the agricultural UAVs and their challenges are presented. By flying safely and at relatively high speeds, drones can cover large and small properties quickly to manage assets, resources, and land. Many farms are now using drones to check and maintain water levels in dams and other resources previously inaccessible whilst removing any risk to the operator or surrounding area. In order to produce better crop quality and shield fields from harm, this study paper aims to emphasise the value of drones in agriculture and describe the best drones currently on the market for this purpose.
Effect of Foliar Feeding of Plant Growth Regulator and Nutrients on Phenological Attributes of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv Apple Colour
Authors: Raipuriya Sandeep , Sharma T.R. , Sharma Rajnee , Ramakrishnan R. Shiv , Pandey C.S.
Published: June 2024

Guava, (Psidium guajava L.), small tropical tree or shrub of the family Myrtaceae, cultivated for its edible fruits. Guava trees are native to tropical America and are grown in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Nutrients and PGR play a crucial role in flowering and fruit production and their deficiency can significantly impact the yield, productivity, and quality of fruits. Therefore, keeping these points in view, the present investigation was carried out on a 10-year-old guava plant in a high-density plantation (3x3) at the Fruit Research Station Imaliya, Department of Horticulture, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur (M.P.) during the mrig-bahar season of 2022-23. The study employed a Factorial Randomised Block Design (FRBD) with 20 treatment combinations involving Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) like salicylic acid and various nutrients, replicated three times. Results indicated that the combination of salicylic acid (200 ppm) + borax (0.5%) significantly influenced several phenological parameters. This treatment resulted in the earliest flower bud initiation (18.33 days) after foliar application, the highest average number of flower buds per shoot (7.05), minimum days to 50% flowering (33.67 days), maximum average number of flowers per shoot (6.95), the highest fruit set percentage (92.18%), the highest fruit retention percentage (81.23%), and the lowest fruit drop percentage (18.77%). The application of salicylic acid at 200 ppm in conjunction with borax at 0.5% (S2 M4) followed by salicylic acid at 300 ppm with borax at 0.5% (S3 M4) demonstrated exceptional efficacy in significantly optimizing phenological parameters when compared to the control.
The extent of Adoption of Scientific Muga Culture Technology by the Muga Rearers of the Sonitpur District of Assam, India
Authors: Saikia Dababrata , Saikia Dipankar , Saikia Monimala , Borah Debajit
Published: June 2024

A study was conducted in the Sonitpur district of Assam, India, to assess the level of adoption of improved technologies among 120 muga farmers. Adoption of the scientific muga culture practices by the silk cultivators has direct relation with the yield production. It was found that majority (65.83%) of the muga rearers demonstrated a medium level of adoption, with 14.17% exhibiting a low level and 20.00% demonstrating a high level of adoption of scientific muga culture technology. Intercultural operation, brushing of newly hatched worms during morning hours of the day, avoiding frequent handling of worms, selection of well-formed good cocoons for seed production as well as for reeling purpose and collection and destruction of diseased larvae  and removal of affected twigs /shoots from the field are some of the practices fully adopted while use of improved mounting device for cocooning, spraying of 0.01% sodium hypochlorite solution as a disinfectant on the foliage 4 days before brushing, stifling the cocoon in hot air oven and use of new technologies and machines for re-reeling, weaving etc. were not followed by the muga farmers.
Employee Retention Strategies and Job Satisfaction in Local Government Authorities in Tanzania. A case of Tabora Municipal Council
Authors: Nyoni Norbert Peter
Published: June 2024

The problem of Job Dissatisfaction among the employees is very common in Tabora Municipal Council that leads to poor performance among the employees. In response to the problem, the current study had the main objective that aimed to assess the impact of employees’ retention strategies towards job satisfaction in Local Government Authorities in Tanzania, Tabora Municipal Council being a case study with three specific objectives namely;  to identify Employees’ Retention Strategies available for job Satisfaction in Tabora Municipal Council, to examine the challenges facing the implementation of Employees’ Retention Strategies for Job satisfaction in Tabora Municipal Council as well as to investigate the relationship between Employees’ Retention Strategies and Job Satisfaction in Tabora Municipal Council. The study was guided by the two theories namely;- Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and Alderfer’s ERG Theory to guide this study effectively. The study employed a mixed method and a case study design. The study involved a sample size of 98 respondents which was the whole entire population with the Purposive Sampling Technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis methods were descriptive statistics and content analysis. The study findings discovered that there is a need for the organizations of today that need to enter in competitive advantage that they must invest in employees so that to create job satisfaction that in turn leads to good employee performance. The study concluded that the problem of job dissatisfaction has affected many employees particularly from public sector organizations. Thus the government must support these organizations by implementing the existing government policies related to HR Policies. The study recommends policy makers at the Ministry of Public Service and Good Governance to adhere the decentralization by devolution HR policies by allowing the stakeholders to participate fully in the policy formulation process and implementation of the HR Policies which are friendly to employees.
Adult religious education
Authors: Elias John L.
Published: March 2012

This chapter provides a historical overview of religion and religious education. In addition, it discusses how adult religious education is conducted.
Religious institutions as sites of learning for older adults
Authors: Findsen Brian
Published: March 2012

Religious institutions are not often perceived as sites of learning for older adults. This chapter analyzes religious institutions and the institutionalized church as locations for holistic adult learning in both spiritual and secular realms.
Metal Oxide Hollow Nanostructures for Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Zhou Liang , (David) Lou Xiong Wen
Published: March 2012

Metal oxide hollow structures have received great attention because of their many promising applications in a wide range of fields. As electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), metal oxide hollow structures provide high specific capacity, superior rate capability, and improved cycling performance. In this Research News, we summarize the recent research activities in the synthesis of metal oxide hollow nanostructures with controlled shape, size, composition, and structural complexity, as well as their applications in LIBs. By focusing on hollow structures of some binary metal oxides (such as SnO2, TiO2, Fe2O3, Co3O4) and complex metal oxides, we seek to provide some rational understanding on the effect of nanostructure engineering on the electrochemical performance of the active materials. It is thus anticipated that this article will shed some light on the development of advanced electrode materials for next‐generation LIBs.
Expanding the spectrum of rearrangements involving chromosome 19: A mild phenotype associated with a 19p13.12–p13.13 deletion
Authors: Marangi Giuseppe , Orteschi Daniela , Vigevano Federico , Felie Jillian , Walsh Christopher A. , Manzini M. Chiara , Neri Giovanni
Published: March 2012

We report on a patient with a 1.2 Mb 19p13.12–p13.13 deletion. Compared to previously reported individuals with partially overlapping deletions, the propositus presented with a less severe phenotype, consisting of mild intellectual disability and behavior anomalies, with episodes of simple febrile seizures and without significant physical anomalies or major malformations. The deleted region includes 29 coding genes, some of which have already been demonstrated to be involved in cognitive processes. Mutations in two of them, CC2D1A and TECR, were recently reported to be responsible for non‐syndromal, autosomal recessive intellectual disability. The residual alleles of all of these genes were submitted to sequence analysis. No sequence variants were found that could be considered pathogenic. This patient constitutes a further example of the wide phenotypic variability associated with chromosomal rearrangements, likely due to the different size of deleted/duplicated segments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TRPV4‐pathy manifesting both skeletal dysplasia and peripheral neuropathy: A report of three patients
Authors: Cho Tae‐Joon , Matsumoto Kazu , Fano Virginia , Dai Jin , Kim Ok‐Hwa , Chae Jong Hee , Yoo Won Joon , Tanaka Yuji , Matsui Yoshito , Takigami Iori , Monges Soledad , Zabel Bernhard , Shimizu Katsuji , Nishimura Gen , Lausch Ekkehart , Ikegawa Shiro
Published: March 2012

Heterozygous missense mutations of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel (TRPV4) cause a spectrum of skeletal disorders, including brachyolmia, spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Kozlowski type, metatropic dysplasia, parastremmatic dysplasia, and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia Maroteaux type. Similarly, heterozygous missense mutations of TRPV4 cause a spectrum of peripheral neuropathy, including hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type IIC, congenital spinal muscular atrophy, and scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy. There are no apparent differences in the amino acid positions affected or type of change predicted by the TRPV4 mutations responsible for the two disease spectrums; nevertheless, no fundamental phenotypic overlap has been shown between the two spectrums. Here, we report on three patients who had both skeletal dysplasia and peripheral neuropathy caused by heterozygous TRPV4 missense mutations. The skeletal and neurologic phenotypes of these patients covered the wide spectrum of reported TRPV4‐pathies (disease caused by TRPV4 mutations). The molecular data are complementary, proving that “neuropathic” mutations can cause skeletal dysplasia but also the “skeletopathic” mutations can lead to neuropathies. Our findings suggest that pathogenic mechanisms of TRPV4‐pathies in skeletal and nervous systems are not always mutually exclusive and provide further evidence that there is no clear genotype–phenotype correlation for either spectrum. Co‐occurrence of skeletal dysplasia and degenerative neuropathy should be kept in mind in clinical practice including diagnostic testing, surgical evaluation, and genetic counseling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Explicit Solution for a Class of Discrete‐Time AlgebraicRiccati Equations
Authors: Rojas A. J.
Published: March 2012

In the present paper we obtain an explicit closed‐form solution for the discrete‐time algebraicRiccati equation (DTARE) with vanishing state weight, whenever the unstable eigenvalues are distinct. We discuss links to current algorithmic solutions and observe that theAREsin such a class solve on one hand the infimal signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) problem, whilst on the other hand, in their dual form they solve aKalman filter problem. We then extend the main result to an example case of the optimal linear quadratic regulator gain. We relax some of the assumptions behind the main result and conclude with possible future directions for the present work.