bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variable effects on growth and defense traits for plant ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity along elevation gradients
Authors: Bakhtiari Moe , Formenti Ludovico , Caggìa Veronica , Glauser Gaëtan , Rasmann Sergio
Published: February 2019

Along ecological gradients, phenotypic differentiation can arise through natural selection on trait diversity and magnitude, and environment‐driven plastic changes. The magnitude of ecotypic differentiation versus phenotypic plasticity can vary depending on the traits under study. Using reciprocal transplant‐common gardens along steep elevation gradients, we evaluated patterns of ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of several growth and defense‐related traits for two coexisting but unrelated plant species, Cardamine pratensis and Plantago major. For both species, we observed ecotypic differentiation accompanied by plasticity in growth‐related traits. Plants grew faster and produced more biomass when placed at low elevation. In contrast, we observed fixed ecotypic differentiation for defense and resistance traits. Generally, low‐elevation ecotypes produced higher chemical defenses regardless of the growing elevation. Yet, some plasticity was observed for specific compounds, such as indole glucosinolates. The results of this study may suggest that ecotypic differentiation in defense traits is maintained by costs of chemical defense production, while plasticity in growth traits is regulated by temperature‐driven growth response maximization.
Cannibalism prevents evolutionary suicide of ontogenetic omnivores in life‐history intraguild predation systems
Authors: Hin Vincent , de Roos André M.
Published: February 2019

The majority of animal species are ontogenetic omnivores, that is, individuals of these species change or expand their diet during life. If small ontogenetic omnivores compete for a shared resource with their future prey, ecological persistence of ontogenetic omnivores can be hindered, although predation by large omnivores facilitates persistence. The coupling of developmental processes between different life stages might lead to a trade‐off between competition early in life and predation later in life, especially for ontogenetic omnivores that lack metamorphosis. By using bioenergetic modeling, we study how such an ontogenetic trade‐off affects ecological and evolutionary dynamics of ontogenetic omnivores. We find that selection toward increasing specialization of one life stage leads to evolutionary suicide of noncannibalistic ontogenetic omnivores, because it leads to a shift toward an alternative community state. Ontogenetic omnivores fail to re‐invade this new state due to the maladaptiveness of the other life stage. Cannibalism stabilizes selection on the ontogenetic trade‐off, prevents evolutionary suicide of ontogenetic omnivores, and promotes coexistence of omnivores with their prey. We outline how ecological and evolutionary persistence of ontogenetic omnivores depends on the type of diet change, cannibalism, and competitive hierarchy between omnivores and their prey.
Association between mortality and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators by aetiology of heart failure: a propensity‐matched analysis of the WARCEF trial
Authors: Lee Tetz C. , Qian Min , Mu Lan , Di Tullio Marco R. , Graham Susan , Mann Douglas L. , Nakanishi Koki , Teerlink John R. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Freudenberger Ronald S. , Sacco Ralph L. , Mohr Jay P. , Labovitz Arthur J. , Ponikowski Piotr , Lok Dirk J. , Estol Conrado , Anker Stefan D. , Pullicino Patrick M. , Buchsbaum Richard , Levin Bruce , Thompson John L.P. , Homma Shunichi , Ye Siqin ,   for the WARCEF Investigators
Published: February 2019

Aims

There is debate on whether the beneficial effect of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) is attenuated in patients with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). We assess whether any ICD benefit differs between patients with NICM and those with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), using data from the Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction (WARCEF) trial.

Methods and results

We performed a post hoc analysis using WARCEF (N = 2293; ICM, n = 991 vs. NICM, n = 1302), where participants received optimal medical treatment. We developed stratified propensity scores for having an ICD at baseline using 41 demographic and clinical variables and created 1:2 propensity‐matched cohorts separately for ICM patients with ICD (N = 223 with ICD; N = 446 matched) and NICM patients (N = 195 with ICD; N = 390 matched). We constructed a Cox proportional hazards model to assess the effect of ICD status on mortality for patients with ICM and those with NICM and tested the interaction between ICD status and aetiology of heart failure. During mean follow‐up of 3.5 ± 1.8 years, 527 patients died. The presence of ICD was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause death among those with ICM (hazard ratio: 0.640; 95% confidence interval: 0.448 to 0.915; P = 0.015) but not among those with NICM (hazard ratio: 0.984; 95% confidence interval: 0.641 to 1.509; P = 0.941). There was weak evidence of interaction between ICD status and the aetiology of heart failure (P = 0.131).

Conclusions

The presence of ICD is associated with a survival benefit in patients with ICM but not in those with NICM.
Tuning Molecular Solar Thermal Properties by Modification of a Promising Norbornadiene Photoswitch
Authors: Jevric Martyn , Wang Zhihang , Petersen Anne U. , Mansø Mads , Sumby Christopher J. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper
Published: February 2019

Carefully targeted modifications to the norbornadiene‐quadricyclane couple should give molecules with great potential for solar energy storage. Here we report the synthesis of derivatives of a well‐studied compound, 2‐cyano‐3‐anisyl norbornadiene (NBD5). The conjugation was extended by conversion of the nitrile into acrylonitrile and acrylate derivatives over two steps. Despite red‐shifting the absorbance properties, the metastable quadricyclanes exhibited extremely short lifetimes. Meanwhile, treatment of NBD5 with acetyl halides in the presence of aluminum trihalides led to the formation of 7‐acetyl norbornenes through a Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement. Subsequent transformations made it possible to synthesise norbornadienes with varying degrees of steric bulk at the 7‐position of the molecular scaffold. It was found that the bulkier this group was, the more stable the quadricyclane form. This reaction sequence allows for the synthesis of norbornadiene derivatives which are more suited to molecular solar thermal applications in domestic heating despite providing a slightly lower energy density.
A Concise Approach to Oxo‐Dehydrorotenoid by Direct Lactonization and the Total Syntheses of Stemonone, Rotenonone, 6‐Oxo‐dehydroelliptone, and 6‐Oxo‐6a,12a‐dehydrodeguelin
Authors: Boonsombat Jutatip , Thongnest Sanit , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: February 2019

An approach to construct the oxo‐dehydrorotenoids via direct lactonization of isoflavone‐2‐carboxylic acids is reported. The present reaction proceeds smoothly with good substrate scope and an operationally simple protocol. The application of this method for the total syntheses of the natural products, stemonone, 6‐oxo‐dehydroelliptone, rotenonone, and 6‐oxo‐6a,12a‐dehydrodeguelin, are demonstrated.
Tandem Deoxygenation/Halogenation of N‐Oxides Under Acylation Conditions: Scope and In Situ IR Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Malykhin Roman S. , Golovanov Ivan S. , Ioffe Sema L. , Sukhorukov Alexey Yu.
Published: February 2019

Acylation of cyclic nitronates with acyl bromides produces 3‐bromomethyl‐substituted 5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐1,2‐oxazines via an unusual multi‐stage process involving deoxygenation of N‐oxide and the formation of Br2. Low‐temperature in situ ATR FT‐IR monitoring and DFT calculations revealed α‐halo‐substituted N,N‐bis(oxy)amines as key intermediates of the process. The developed method was successfully exploited in the stereoselective synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules.
FeS2−AuNPs Nanocomposite as Mimicking Enzyme for Constructing Signal‐off Sandwich‐type Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Electroactive Nickel Hexacyanoferrate as Matrix
Authors: Zhang Lina , Xie Xiyue , Yuan Yali , Chai Yaqin , Yuan Ruo
Published: February 2019

In this work, a novel sandwich‐type electrochemical immunosensor with electroactive nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles (NiHCFNPs) as matrix was constructed for α‐fetoprotein (AFP) detection in a signal‐off manner by using FeS2−AuNPs nanocomposite catalyzed insoluble precipitation to significantly inhibit the electrochemical signal. Initially, the NiHCFNPs with excellent electrochemical property was modified on the electrodeposited nano‐Au electrode to obtain a strong initial electrochemical signal. Subsequently, another nano‐Au layer was formed for immobilization of capture antibody (Ab1). In the presence of target AFP, the prepared FeS2−AuNPs‐Ab2 bioconjugate could be specifically recognized and immobilized on electrode through the sandwich‐type immunoreaction. The FeS2 with large specific surface areas were used as scaffolds to load abundant mimicking enzyme AuNPs. With the help of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), FeS2−AuNPs with peroxidase‐like activity accelerated the 4‐chloro‐1‐naphthol (4‐CN) oxidation with generation of insoluble precipitation on electrode, which would greatly hinder the electron transfer and thus caused the decrease of electrochemical signal for quantitative determination of AFP. This approach achieved a wide dynamic linear range from 0.0001 to 100 ng mL−1 with an ultralow limit detection of 0.028 pg mL−1. Especially, the proposed AFP immunosensor can be applied to detect human serum samples with satisfactory results, indicating a potential application in clinical monitoring of tumor biomarkers.
Cu2S‐Cu3P Nanowire Arrays Self‐Supported on Copper Foam as Boosting Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xu Fei , Lu Jiajia , Luo Lin , Yu Chen , Tang Zheng , Abbo Hanna S. , Titinchi Salam J. J. , Zhu Jinliang , Kang Shen Pei , Yin Shibin
Published: February 2019

With the rapid electrochemical development of hydrogen evolution, the search for low‐cost and high activity electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution has received extensive attention. The fabrication of self‐supported Cu2S‐Cu3P nanowire (Cu2S‐Cu3P NW) arrays on a commercial copper foam by a liquid–solid reaction and subsequent phosphatation at low temperature is reported. The corresponding scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicate that the Cu2S‐Cu3P NW arrays have a dense nanowire (NW) structure with sulfur and phosphorous uniformly distributed on the surface of the nanowires. Interestingly, the Cu2S‐Cu3P NW arrays act as a hydrogen‐evolving cathode that when operated in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte only require a low overpotential of 158 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and show a small Tafel slope of 45 mV dec−1. The activity decrease is negligible after holding at −500 mA cm–2 for 75 h, which thus demonstrates excellent stability. This could be due to the structure of nanowire arrays and synergistic effects between S and P, which could increase the specific surface area, reduce the charge transfer resistance, facilitate mass diffusion and electron transfers, and increase the active sites. This work therefore provides a simple method to prepare low‐cost and self‐supported electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution.
Controls of preferential orientation of earthquake‐ and rainfall‐triggered landslides in Taiwan's orogenic mountain belt
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chin , Chang Kang‐Tsung , Wang Su‐Fen , Huang Jr‐Chuan , Yu Cheng‐Ku , Tu Jien‐Yi , Chu Hone‐Jay , Liu Cheng‐Chien
Published: February 2019

Landsliding usually occurs on specific hillslope aspect, which may reflect the control of specific geo‐environmental factors, triggering factors, or their interaction. To explore this notion, this study used island‐wide landslide inventories of the Chi‐Chi earthquake in 1999 (MW = 7.6) and Typhoon Morakot in 2009 in Taiwan to investigate the preferential orientation of landslides and the controls of landslide triggers and geological settings. The results showed two patterns. The orientations of earthquake‐triggered landslides were toward the aspect facing away from the epicenter in areas with peak ground acceleration (PGA) ≥ 0.6 g and landslide ratio ≥ 1%, suggesting that the orientations were controlled by seismic wave propagation. Rainfall‐triggered landslides tended to occur on dip slopes, instead of the windward slopes, suggesting that geological settings were a more effective control of the mass wasting processes on hillslope scale than the rainfall condition. This study highlights the importance of the endogenic processes, namely seismic wave and geological settings, on the predesigned orientation of landslides triggered by either earthquake or rainfall, which can in turn improve our knowledge of landscape evolution and landslide prediction. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why prevent when it does not pay? Prevention when health services are credence goods
Authors: Gottschalk Felix C.H.
Published: February 2019

This article identifies information asymmetries and the corresponding problem of overtreatment as a possible source of prevention and health disparities when patients differ with respect to their health risk. It analyzes preventive health behavior (primary prevention) and preventive health‐care utilization (secondary prevention) in markets in which patients cannot determine whether they receive excessive secondary preventive treatment—that is, where health services are credence goods. The problem of overtreatment in such markets is considered as a possible pathway through which differences in health risk lead to disparities in primary and secondary prevention as well as the corresponding health outcomes. Patients with high health risks do not invest in primary prevention, because they anticipate to be provided with unnecessary secondary prevention. Patients with lower risks invest in primary but not in secondary prevention, resulting in health losses. Furthermore, when societal groups differ with respect to their exposure to overtreatment, and we consider socioeconomic status as a possible reason, we observe disparities in primary and secondary prevention as well as the resulting health outcomes, including the “social gradient.” Several implications for empirical research are discussed.
Changes in obstetric case fatality and early newborn mortality rates in hospitals after the implementation of the Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival program in Indonesia: Results from a health information system
Authors: Ahmed Saifuddin , Tholandi Maya , Pedrana Alisa , Zazri Ali , Parmawaty Nony , Rahmanto Agus , Sethi Reena
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Case fatality rates (CFRs) are often used as the key indicator for the measurement of quality of care at hospitals. We examine the trends of obstetric CFRs and very early neonatal mortality rates at hospitals in selected districts of Indonesia after implementation of a facility‐based maternal and neonatal health intervention—the Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival (EMAS) program.

Methods

Random‐effects Poisson regression models were fitted to routine facility data collected from 101 hospitals over approximately 4 years. Predicted incidence rates from the models were used for ascertaining the changes in CFRs and very early neonatal mortality rates during the EMAS intervention period.

Results

The obstetric CFR from any maternal complications decreased significantly by 50% (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42–0.61) at hospitals after the implementation of the EMAS program. On average, the CFR decreased from 5.4 to 2.6 deaths per 1000 cases of obstetric complications admitted during the program period. The very early neonatal mortality rate (deaths within 24 hours of birth) decreased by 21% (IRR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65–0.96).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that overall obstetric case fatality and very early neonatal mortality rates—two indicators for tracking the quality of emergency obstetric care—decreased significantly at hospitals after the implementation of the EMAS intervention program in Indonesia.
The effect of Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival interventions on improving the coverage of labor monitoring and complication prevention practices in hospitals in Indonesia: A difference‐in‐difference analysis
Authors: Tholandi Maya , Sethi Reena , Pedrana Alisa , Qomariyah Situ Nurul , Amelia Dwirani , Kaslam Pancho , Sudirman Sudirman , Apriatni Mandri S. , Rahmanto Agus , Emerson Mark , Ahmed Saifuddin
Published: February 2019

Objective

To assess whether the Expanding Maternal and Neonatal Survival (EMAS) program was associated with improved care provided during hospital‐based childbirth.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental study with two rounds of data collection examined whether EMAS interventions improved facility‐based labor and childbirth care. Direct clinical observations were conducted for 1208 deliveries across 13 hospitals in 12 districts. Primary outcome measures included implementation of standard practices to reduce the risk of complications during labor and childbirth for both women and newborns.

Results

Adjusted difference‐in‐difference analysis compared the mean difference in quality scores between EMAS intervention hospitals and comparison sites and consistently found significantly better performance in EMAS sites: 14 points higher for labor monitoring (β‐coefficient 14.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1–21.0); 38 points higher for newborn resuscitation readiness (β‐coefficient 38.1; 95% CI, 31.1–45.2); and 33 points higher for infection prevention practices (β‐coefficient 32.6; 95% CI, 28.5–36.8).

Conclusion

EMAS approaches emphasizing facility readiness and adherence to performance standards significantly improved labor monitoring and complication prevention practices during childbirth.
Presence of doctors and obstetrician/gynecologists for patients with maternal complications in hospitals in six provinces of Indonesia
Authors: Pedrana Alisa , Tholandi Maya , Qomariyah Siti Nurul , Sethi Reena , Hyre Anne , Amelia Dwirani , Suhowatsky Stephanie , Ahmed Saifuddin
Published: February 2019

Objective

To describe doctors’ and specialist physicians’ availability to manage obstetric complications in hospitals in six provinces of Indonesia.

Methods

Data from a nonrandomized, quasi‐experimental pre‐post evaluation study were used to describe the distribution of providers by each cadre of worker and assess the availability of doctors and obstetrician/gynecologists (ob/gyns) for consultations for women experiencing postpartum hemorrhage or pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia, disaggregated by hospital type, province, referral status, and by time of day of provider consultation.

Results

Among hospitals that should have comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC) services available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, many did not have a doctor available to manage obstetric complications as they presented, despite there being an average of seven ob/gyns and four doctors registered for service across all facilities. Slightly over 50% of obstetric emergency cases admitted with postpartum hemorrhage and severe pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia did not receive a consultation from an ob/gyn. Among the patients who received consultations, about 70% received consultations by phone or SMS.

Conclusion

Findings from this study indicate that persistent issues of maldistribution of maternal and newborn specialists and high absence rates of both doctors and ob/gyns at CEmONC hospitals during obstetric emergencies undermines Indonesia's efforts to reduce high maternal mortality rates.
Diallyl sulfide ameliorates carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats via suppressing stress‐activated MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Elkhoely Abeer
Published: February 2019

The underlined effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) against CCL4‐induced oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic acute hepatic damage were assessed. Administration of DAS (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) along with CCL
4 effectively mitigated serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activities, MDA, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and MCP‐1 levels, as well as significantly restored HO‐1, GSH levels and SOD activity in liver tissues compared with those in rats treated with CCL
4. Moreover, DAS inhibited CCL
4‐induced increase of liver NF‐κB (p65), Bax, p38 MAPK, and JNK protein expression. In addition, DAS accelerated protein expression of Nrf2 and Bcl‐2. The hepatoprotective properties of DAS were further confirmed by the reduced severity of hepatic damage as demonstrated by histopathological findings. In conclusion, DAS achieved its protective potential against CCL4‐induced hepatotoxicity through antiapoptotic activity, as well as the synchronized modulation of NF‐κB and Nrf2 for the favor of antioxidant/anti‐inflammatory effects via suppression of the upstream stress‐activated MAPKs pathways.
Methylation of progesterone receptor isoform A promoter in normal breast tissue: An epigenetic link between early age at menarche and risk of breast cancer?
Authors: Daraei Abdolreza , Izadi Pantea , Khorasani Ghasemali , Nafissi Nahid , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Younosi Nasim , Meysamie Alipasha , Mansoori Yaser , Nariman‐Saleh‐Fam Ziba , Bastami Milad , Saadatian Zahra , Zendehbad Zahra , Tavakkoly‐Bazzaz Javad
Published: February 2019

Emerging evidence indicates that some altered patterns of methylation that occur in breast tumors may also be found in breast tissue of healthy women in relation to the breast cancer (BC) risk factors. Progesterone receptor (PR) isoform α is a crucial regulator of breast hormone responsiveness and its hypermethylation plays an important role in the initiation and development of breast tumors. However, such a methylation change in healthy women and its link with the different risk factors has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we aimed to examine the relationship of possible methylation changes within a critical region in the promoter CpG island of PGR‐α (progesterone receptor α) gene in the healthy women with a set of reproductive and nonreproductive BC risk factors. The breast tissues were collected from 120 cancer‐free women who had undergone cosmetic mammoplasty. The genomic DNA was extracted from the breast tissues and the methylation level of PGR‐α promoter CpG island was determined by using MeDIP‐qPCR assay. Using regression analysis, we found that increasing menarche age is inversely associated with the high methylation of PGR‐α promoter (
β = −0.790, SE = 0.362; P = 0.031). Although lactating women had more methylation than nonlactating women (P = 0.026, the t test), this result was not confirmed by regression models. Such an observation may be helpful in better understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which early age at menarche increases the risk of BC. However, this perspective requires further validations in larger studies of more subjects as well as the inclusion of other related genes.
Identification of UGP2 as a progression marker that promotes cell growth and motility in human glioma
Authors: Zeng Chun , Xing Wenli , Liu Yanhui
Published: February 2019

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common highly malignant primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism by bioinformatics method and detect potential function of UGP2 of GBM. Gene expression microarray data of GSE4412 and messenger RNA‐sequencing data of GBM with samples clinical information were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology based on R language. A total of 1000 common DEGs were identified in GBM samples, including 353 upregulated and 647 downregulated genes. Based on the random survival forest model, we identified UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2) (upregulated gene) had a significant effect on GBM prognosis. Functional enrichment showed that UGP2 was enriched in the biological progresses of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, UGP2 expression is aberrantly overexpressed in human glioma and positively correlated with pathologic grade. A loss‐of‐function study showed that knockdown of UGP2 decreases U251 cell growth, migration, and invasion in vivo and vitro. We proposed the development and progression of human glioma were associated with survival based on bioinformatics analysis. We also found that UGP2 might function as prognostic markers in the pathogenesis of GBM.
Latent trajectories of change for clients at a psychodynamic training clinic
Authors: Jankowski Peter J. , Sandage Steven J. , Bell Chance A. , Rupert David , Bronstein Miriam , Stavros George S.
Published: February 2019

Objective

Employing practice‐based research methods, we addressed the need to examine the effectiveness of psychodynamic treatment as a supplement to the efficacy evidence offered by randomized clinical trials.

Method

We used person‐centered analyses to generate latent subgroups of clients (N = 118;
M
age = 40.92; 53.4% female; 81.4% Caucasian; 80.5% heterosexual) receiving contemporary relational psychotherapy (CRP) at a psychodynamic community mental health training clinic.

Results

Subgroups of clients reported a change in depression, social conflict, and anxiety symptomatology, and overall life satisfaction, depicted by significant quadratic growth curves. Findings also offered exploratory support for a theoretical proposition from CRP that improved relational functioning would correspond to improved affect dysregulation and overall life satisfaction.

Conclusion

Clinical and training implications highlight the need to distinguish subgroups of “responders” and “nonresponders” to inform treatment.
A Study to Evaluate Doravirine Pharmacokinetics When Coadministered With Acid‐Reducing Agents
Authors: Khalilieh Sauzanne G. , Yee Ka Lai , Sanchez Rosa I. , Fan Li , Vaynshteyn Kate , Deschamps Kathleen , Martell Maureen , Jordan Heather R. , Iwamoto Marian
Published: February 2019

Doravirine is a novel non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Because of potential concomitant administration with acid‐reducing agents, a drug‐interaction trial was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of these types of medications on doravirine pharmacokinetics. In an open‐label, 3‐period, fixed‐sequence trial, healthy adult participants received the following: period 1, a single dose of doravirine 100 mg; period 2, coadministration of a single dose of doravirine 100 mg and an antacid (1600 mg aluminum hydroxide, 1600 mg magnesium hydroxide, and 160 mg simethicone); period 3, 40 mg pantoprazole once daily on days 1–5 coadministered with a single dose of doravirine 100 mg on day 5. There was a minimum 10‐day washout between periods. Plasma samples for pharmacokinetic evaluation were collected, and safety was assessed. Fourteen participants (8 male, 6 female) were enrolled, and 13 completed the trial. Geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) for doravirine AUC0‐inf, Cmax, and C24 for doravirine + antacid/doravirine were 1.01 (0.92–1.11), 0.86 (0.74–1.01), and 1.03 (0.94–1.12), respectively, and for doravirine + pantoprazole/doravirine were 0.83 (0.76–0.91), 0.88 (0.76–1.01), and 0.84 (0.77–0.92), respectively. Doravirine was generally well tolerated administered alone or with either of the acid‐reducing agents. Coadministration of an aluminum/magnesium‐containing antacid or pantoprazole did not have a clinically meaningful effect on doravirine pharmacokinetics, supporting the use of acid‐reducing agents with doravirine.
Team creativity/innovation in culturally diverse teams: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jie , Cheng Grand H.‐L. , Chen Tingting , Leung Kwok
Published: February 2019

This meta‐analysis investigates the direction and strength of the relationship between diversity in culturally diverse teams and team creativity/innovation. We distinguish the effects of two diversity levels (i.e., surface level vs. deep level) in culturally diverse teams and examine the moderators suggested by the socio‐technical systems framework (i.e., team virtuality and task characteristics in terms of task interdependence, complexity, and intellectiveness). Surface‐level diversity in culturally diverse teams is not related to team creativity/innovation, whereas deep‐level diversity in culturally diverse teams is positively related to team creativity/innovation. Moreover, surface‐level diversity in culturally diverse teams and team creativity/innovation are negatively related for simple tasks but unrelated for complex tasks. Deep‐level diversity in culturally diverse teams and team creativity/innovation is positively related for collocated teams and interdependent tasks but unrelated for noncollocated teams and independent tasks. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications.
Effects of intra‐articular hyaluronic acid associated to Chitlac (arty‐duo®) in a rat knee osteoarthritis model
Authors: Salamanna Francesca , Giavaresi Gianluca , Parrilli Annapaola , Martini Lucia , Nicoli Aldini Nicolò , Abatangelo Giovanni , Frizziero Antonio , Fini Milena
Published: February 2019

Among conventional osteoarthritis (OA) treatments, intra‐articular (i.a) viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid (HA) is used to restore joint viscoelasticity. However, the rapid clearance and elimination of HA may limit its application. The aim of this study was to verify the improved efficacy of HA within the joint, using a lactose‐modified chitosan (chitlac) as a potentially chondroprotective additive. Four weeks after induction of experimental OA by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), 12‐week‐old Sprague Dawley male rats (n = 30), received once a week, for three weeks, i.a injections of: (i) HA associated to chitlac (ARTY‐DUO®), (ii) HA; and (iii) sodium chloride (NaCl). Five animals for each group were euthanized 4 weeks after the first i.a injection, while the remaining five were euthanized 8 weeks after the first i.a injection. The restoration of physiological joint microenvironment was tested by histology, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and microtomography (micro‐CT). At 4 and even more at 8 weeks, histological analysis showed a significant decrease in OARSI and Mankin scores, with weaker matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3, MMP‐13, and Galectin‐3 in ARTY‐DUO® group versus NaCl and HA groups. A reduction in Galectin‐1 and a stronger Collagen II staining was seen in both ARTY‐DUO® and HA versus NaCl. A reduction in Kreen‐modified score, for synovium inflammation, was observed in the ARTY‐DUO® group. Micro‐CT measurements did not shown significant differences between the groups. The present results show that i.a ARTY‐DUO® injections produce a significant improvement in knee articular cartilage degeneration and synovium inflammation in a rat model of DMM‐induced OA. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
How effective are tidal marshes as nature‐based shoreline protection throughout seasons?
Authors: Schoutens Ken , Heuner Maike , Minden Vanessa , Schulte Ostermann Tilla , Silinski Alexandra , Belliard Jean‐Philippe , Temmerman Stijn
Published: February 2019

Nature‐based mitigation is increasingly proposed as a strategy to cope with global change and related risks for coastal flooding and erosion. Tidal marshes are known to provide shoreline protection as their aboveground biomass attenuates waves and their belowground biomass contributes to reducing erosion rates. The aim of this study was to quantify how effectively wave attenuation rates and erosion reduction rates are sustained throughout seasons in pioneer tidal marshes in the Elbe estuary (Germany). Changes in hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics were measured during 17 months along three sea‐to‐land transects of 50 m length. Simultaneously, changes in biomass of the monospecific pioneer vegetation (Bolboschoenus maritimus) were measured monthly. This study shows that wave and flow attenuation rates positively correlate with seasonal variations in aboveground biomass, that is: in summer, aboveground biomass and associated wave and flow attenuation rates are highest; while aboveground biomass is washed away during the first storms in autumn or winter, resulting in low wave and flow attenuation rates. Contrastingly, maximum incoming wave heights and flow velocities occur during winter, indicating that wave and flow attenuation is most needed then. However, hibernating root biomass assures low erosion rates in winter, especially at sandy sites. Although wave attenuation by pioneer marshes is highly variable throughout seasons and pioneer marshes alone are not so effective, they might facilitate the survival of higher marshes. Therefore, it is important to conserve or restore a gradual sea‐to‐land gradient from tidal flats, over pioneer marsh to high marsh to provide nature‐based shoreline protection.
Weighted mixed‐norm inequalities through extrapolation
Authors: Duoandikoetxea Javier , Oruetxebarria Osane
Published: February 2019

We prove that operators satistying weighted inequalities with radial weights are bounded in mixed‐norm spaces of radial‐angular type, even with a weight in the radial part. This is achieved by using the usual extrapolation methods, adapted to the radial setting. All the versions of the extrapolation theorem can be adapted to this setting, and in particular we get results in variable Lebesgue spaces and also for multilinear operators. Furthermore, quantitative estimates are obtained with this approach, but their sharpness remains an open question.
A Novel Reprocessable and Recyclable Acrylonitrile–Butadiene Rubber Based on Dynamic Oxime‐Carbamate Bond
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Song Qingfei , Liu Qing , Zheng Hua , Li Chunmei , Yan Yi , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: February 2019

The covalent cross‐linked rubber has outstanding mechanical properties and chemical resistance, making it possible for a wide range of applications. Towards efforts to resource waste and environmental pollution, rubber recycling is a concerning problem. However, it is a big challenge to endow the most widely used commercial rubber systems with recyclability. In this paper, a novel reprocessable and recyclable acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) is developed by introducing oxime‐carbamate bonds into the raw NBR. Amidoxime NBR is prepared by a nucleophilic addition reaction of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and raw NBR, and then cross‐linked amidoxime NBR using different amounts of toluene diisocynate (TDI). Results show that the obtained material exhibits good reprocessable property; the repairing efficiency exceeds 90% after two remoldings. In addition, it also has better mechanical properties: A tensile strength reaching a maximum value of 4.85 MPa when TDI cross‐linker is 15.36 wt%, which is superior to vulcanized NBR (3.18 MPa).
Regional morphometric abnormalities and clinical relevance in Wilson's disease
Authors: Zou Lin , Song Yukun , Zhou Xiangxue , Chu Jianping , Tang Xiaoying
Published: February 2019

Background

Morphology builds Wilson's disease's clincal basis.

Objectives

To detect and quantify regional morphometric abnormalities, in terms of both volume and shape, in patients with Wilson's disease.

Methods

Twenty‐seven Wilson's disease patients and 24 healthy controls were enrolled. Specific brain structures, including the bilateral caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, red nucleus, and substantia nigra (SN), were automatically extracted from each participant's T1‐weighted image. Volume abnormalities and correlations with the modified Young scale were investigated. Furthermore, vertex‐based shape analysis was performed to explore region‐specific morphometric abnormalities.

Results

Significant global volume atrophy and local shape abnormalities were detected and quantified in the bilateral caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, amygdala, red nucleus, and SN. Morphometric abnormalities of the caudate, putamen, and thalamus were strong, whereas those of the globus pallidus, amygdala, red nucleus, and SN were weaker. No hippocampal abnormalities were observed. The modified Young scale was found to correlate significantly with the volumes of the bilateral putamen and the right globus pallidus. Shape analysis revealed subregion‐specific atrophy of the bilateral caudate and putamen. They were concentrated in the subregions that project to the limbic and executive cortices. Significant region‐specific atrophy was also detected in the bilateral thalamic subregions that project to the primary motor, sensory, and premotor cortices.

Conclusions

We found significant morphometric abnormalities of specific structures of interest in patients with Wilson's disease, both globally and locally. These morphometric abnormalities may serve as useful imaging biomarkers for Wilson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The discreteness of the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator equation and some properties of the s‐numbers of the inverse Schrödinger operator
Authors: Hashimoglu Ilyas , Akın Ömer , Mamedov Khanlar R.
Published: February 2019

In this article, we investigate the discreteness and some other properties of the spectrum for the Schrödinger operator L defined by the formula
on the space L2(H,  [0, ∞)), where H is a Hilbert space. For the first time, an estimate is obtained for sum of the s‐numbers of the inverse Schrödinger operator. The obtained results were applied to the Laplace's equation in an angular region.
Hesperidin Protects Against Intestinal Inflammation by Restoring Intestinal Barrier Function and Up‐Regulating Treg Cells
Authors: Guo Kun , Ren Jianan , Gu Guosheng , Wang Gefei , Gong Wenbin , Wu Xiuwen , Ren Huajian , Hong Zhiwu , Li Jieshou
Published: February 2019

Scope

Hesperidin is an important natural phenolic compound and is considered beneficial to health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of hesperidin on DSS‐induced colitis in mice and Caco‐2 cells.

Methods

The DSS‐induced colitis mice are assigned to 10, 20, and 40 mg kg−g hesperidin diets after DSS treatment. For in vitro experiments, Caco‐2 cells are treated with TNF‐α/ IFN‐γ for 48 h without or with hesperidin.

Results

Hesperidin supplementation ameliorates DSS‐induced colitis. Specifically, hesperidin ameliorates intestinal inflammation through decreasing MDA activity and enhancing SOD and GSH activities. Hesperidin also obviously upregulates Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and increases the protein expression of HO‐1 and NQO1. Additionally, hesperidin significantly reduces the levels of inflammatory factors and increases the levels of anti‐inflammatory factors in the colon tissues. Further analysis shows that hesperidin can improve the expression of tight junction proteins and intestinal permeability, as well as increases the Treg population. In Caco‐2 cells, it is shown that hesperidin prevents TNF‐α/IFN‐γ‐induced reduction in TEER and morphological disruption. Moreover, hesperidin also decreases the epithelial permeability and suppresses proinflammatory responses.

Conclusion

Hesperidin can protect against intestinal inflammation via enhanced Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, increases the Treg population, and restores intestinal barrier function.
An efficient scheme for simultaneous 60 GHz MM wave generation and CSRZ‐DQPSK transmission in a passive optical network
Authors: Rimmya Chitravelu , Ganesh Madhan Muthu
Published: February 2019

This article focuses on low complexity implementation of CSRZ‐DQPSK transmitter at optical network unit and remote generation of 60 GHz MM wave for wireless access. A 60 GHz signal is generated with a simple digital circuit comprising of XOR gate and a time delay unit. This approach eliminates the need of an amplifier or RF source at the ONU. For a data rate of 20 MZM scheme and low complexity 2 and 1 MZM configurations. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of 60 GHz remote carrier generation and digital transmission under three different transmitter schemes.
A neurocomputational model for estimating the triple‐frequency of T‐shaped patch antennas
Authors: Yigit Enes , Kayabasi Ahmet , Toktas Abdurrahim , Sabanci Kadir
Published: February 2019

This article deals with the analysis of T‐shaped patch antennas (TPAs) that operates between 1 and 7 GHz at triple‐band characteristics. A TPA is composed of three monopole structures so that it has triple‐resonant frequency. Neurocomputational (NC) models eliminate the complex procedures for the analysis of patch antennas with irregular shapes. In this study, a NC model based on artificial neural network (ANN) is constructed for analyzing the triple‐frequency of TPAs. One hundred TPAs with different electrical and geometric parameters are simulated with a full‐wave electromagnetic simulator, and a data matrix is obtained for the training and testing the NC model. The model is trained through the simulated data vector of 80 TPAs and is tested with the remainders 20 TPAs and a fabricated TPA. Therefore, the computed results by the NC model which estimates simply and fast the operating triple‐frequency of TPA agree well with the simulated and measured ones.
Challenges and opportunities in the care of survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers
Authors: Fidler Miranda M. , Frobisher Clare , Hawkins Michael M. , Nathan Paul C.
Published: February 2019

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer are an understudied group. Much of what is known about long‐term outcomes after AYA cancer has been derived from cohorts of childhood cancer survivors, which seldom include patients at the older end of the AYA age spectrum. In general, AYA cancer survivors have a lower risk for premature mortality, subsequent primary neoplasms and chronic health conditions than childhood cancer survivors. However, AYA cancer survivors are vulnerable to psychosocial challenges, concerns about fertility and relationships and financial toxicity. No single model is optimal for the care of these survivors, but it is generally agreed that all survivors require a survivor care plan that promotes their adherence to evidence‐based surveillance guidelines. There is a need to create survivor cohorts that include the full range of AYA ages and diagnoses to be able to address the many pressing questions that remain unanswered in this vulnerable population.
Structural characterisation and discrimination of the aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and Paris polyphylla var. chinensis by UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS coupled with multivariate data analysis
Authors: Liang Meng‐Yuan , Wang Yuan‐Zhong , Qiao Xin , Lu Ya‐Wen , Chen Mei‐Hong , Li Ping , Wen Xiao‐Dong , Yang Jie
Published: February 2019

Introduction

As sources of Rhizoma Paridis are facing shortages, utilising the aerial parts of Paris polyphylla has emerged as a promising additional source. However, the components in the aerial parts still need to be explored, and it is difficult to distinguish the aerial parts of P. polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (PPY) and P. polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC), two varieties of P. polyphylla.

Objective

This study aimed to establish a comprehensive platform to characterise steroid saponins from the aerial parts of PPY and PPC and to discriminate these two varieties.

Methodology

A dereplication approach and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS) analysis were used for the characterisation of steroidal saponins in the aerial parts of PPY and PPC. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to differentiate these two varieties and screen discriminant variables. In addition, a genetic algorithm‐optimised for support vector machines (GA‐SVM) model was developed to predict P. polyphylla samples. The distribution of steroidal saponins in PPY and PPC was visualised by a heatmap.

Results

A total of 102 compounds were characterised from the aerial parts of PPY and PPC by dereplication. A clear separation of PPY and PPC was achieved, and 35 saponins were screened as marker compounds. The established GA‐SVM model showed excellent prediction performance with a prediction accuracy of 100%.

Conclusions

Many steroid saponins that have been reported in Rhizoma Paridis also exist in the aerial parts of P. polyphylla. Samples from the aerial parts of PPY and PPC could be discriminated using our platform.
Perceptions of changes in clinical, informational, and supportive relationships after end of treatment among parents of young childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Wilford Justin G. , Hopfer Suellen , Wenzel Lari
Published: February 2019

Background

Parents of childhood cancer patients experience changes in relationships with their health‐care team as the child transitions from treatment to long‐term survivorship (LTS). These changes may affect parent receptivity of survivorship‐health–related programs, yet little is known about the experience of changing clinical relationships for parents as treatment ends and children transition into LTS.

Methods

In‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 English‐speaking parents of childhood cancer survivors less than 13 years old who were greater than 1‐year posttreatment. Audiotaped, transcribed interview content was analyzed using emergent themes grouped and refined in a process of multistaged constant comparison.

Results

There was a consensus among parents regarding the emotional stressors of the period immediately after the end of treatment. Regardless of positive or negative recollection of treatment, parents commonly viewed their health‐care team with affection and this period as one of stability and security. Transitioning off treatment was viewed as a severe disruption of the security of weekly, treatment‐related contact with nurses, nurse practitioners, physician's assistants, and physicians. LTS was generally viewed as presenting lower levels, but new types of stress as new, psychosocial late effects were seen to emerge. Clinical needs shifted to prevention and late‐effect management.

Conclusion

Parents of young childhood cancer survivors experience a similar emotional trajectory from treatment to transitioning off treatment and into LTS. This period is seen by parents as uniquely distressing because it represents a disruption of the hard‐won safety represented by regular clinical relationships.
Conceptual framework for living with and beyond cancer: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Le Boutillier Clair , Archer Stephanie , Barry Claire , King Alex , Mansfield Louise , Urch Catherine
Published: February 2019

Objective

The concept of living with and beyond cancer is now emerging in policy and literature. Rather than viewing this notion simply as a linear timeline, developing an agreed understanding of the lived experience of people affected by cancer will aid the development of person‐centred models of care.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted. The review question was “What does the term ‘living with and beyond cancer’ mean to people affected by cancer?” The protocol for the review was preregistered in the PROSPERO database (PROSPERO CRD42017059860). All included studies were qualitative, so narrative synthesis was used to integrate descriptions and definitions of living with and beyond cancer into an empirically based conceptual framework.

Results

Out of 2345 papers that were identified and 180 that were reviewed, a total of 73 papers were included. The synthesis yielded three interlinked themes: Adversity (realising cancer), Restoration (readjusting life with cancer), and Compatibility (reconciling cancer), resulting in the ARC framework.

Conclusions

Three themes describe the experience of living with and beyond cancer: adversity, restoration, and compatibility. The ARC framework provides an empirically informed grounding for future research and practice in supportive cancer care for this population.