bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viivoihin vangitut: Ristikkokuvien ilmaisukeinot ja vihjeiden ymmärtäminen sosiosemiotiikan näkökulmasta
Authors: Nikula Silja
Published: January 2021

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kuvaristikoiden piirroksia visuaalisen viestinnän näkökulmasta. Huomio kiinnitetään piirrosten ilmaisukeinoihin. Empiirinen aineisto koostuu piirroksista, jotka sisältyvät 18 kuvaristikkoon. Ne on julkaistu sanoma- ja aikakauslehdissä, jotka olivat myynnissä 13.4.2019. Teoreettisen viitekehyksen muodostavat Gunther Kressin ja Theo van Leeuwenin (1996) esittämä kuvan kielioppi ja siihen pohjautuva multimodaalisuuden teoria. Merkityksiä puretaan sosiosemioottisen lähestymistavan kautta. Tutkimuskysymykset ovat: Miten ilmaisukeinoja on käytetty ristikkopiirroksissa ja millaisia merkityksiä ne luovat? Millaista kulttuurista ymmärrystä vihjekuvien tulkinta edellyttää ristikon ratkojalta? Tutkimus osoittaa, että viivan käyttö, kuvakulman valinta ja kohteen rajaaminen ovat keinoja, jotka saavat piirroksen muistuttamaan kohdettaan. Ne ovat muovanneet piirroksen muodon ja ohjaavat sen merkitystä. Samankaltaisuus perustuu suurelta osin esittämisen konventioon. Kuvien tulkitseminen on mahdollista myös laatijan ja ratkojan yhteisen kategoria-ajattelun sekä kokemusmaailman perusteella. Lisäksi ilmaisuja tunnistetaan muiden kulttuuritekstien, varsinkin sarjakuvien ilmaisun perusteella. Tutkimus korostaa materiaalisuutta multimodaalisen artefaktin ominaisuutena ja havainnollistaa, miten käytetyt ilmaisukeinot ovat muotoutuneet viestinnän tilannekohtaisten tavoitteiden mukaisesti.
Pesta Kerja Tahun Masyarakat Karo di Desa Batu Karang Kecamatan Payung Kabupaten Karo
Authors: Purba Emia Ariska Br , Febrianto Adri
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan simbol dan makna yang terdapat pada Pesta kerja tahun di Desa Batu Karang Kecamatan Payung Kabupaten Karo yang merupakan ucapan syukur terhadap hasil panen. Pesta kerja tahun dilakukan setiap tahun di bulan Januari pada hari Cukra dudu dalam penanggalan kalender Karo. Pesta kerja tahun dilaksanakan selama dua hari pada saat pagai beltek. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe etnografi. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipasi dan studi dokumen. Data di analisa dengan menggunakan analisa interpretif dari Clifford Geertz. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan makan simbol secara emik dan etik. Makna upacara pesta kerja tahun (emik) terdiri dari 1). Makna simbol pemakaian kalender Karo dalam penetapan tanggal pesta kerja tahun 2) Simbol kepemimpinan dan makna dari pembentukan panitia 3) Makna dan simbol sumbangan dana dari masyarakat Desa Batu Karang 4) Makna simbol ngerires dan mantem, 5) Makna simbol festival tari telu serangkai dan vocal solo, 6) Makna simbol dari kirumah-kirumah, 7) Makna gendang guro-guro aron, 8) Makna simbol ngerebu. Makna upacara Pesta Kerja Tahun secara etik yaitu: pengatakenbujun man Tuhan, Mara klesa. Makna Pesta Kerja Tahun sebagai hiburan, Sarana pendidikan dan pelestarian budaya Karo tempat mencari Jodoh.
Faktor Sosial Penentu Kesejahteraan Subjektif: Bukti dari Indonesia
Authors: Indrahadi Deri , Habibi Muhammad , Ilham Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Kesejahteraan subjektif merupakan permasalahan penting berbagai negara di seluruh dunia. Peneliti telah mempelajari faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada tingkat kesejahteraan subjektif dalam disiplin ilmu sosial, ekonomi, dan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa faktor-faktor dalam konteks sosial, ekonomi dan kesehatan yang memprediksi kesejahteraan subjektif di Indonesia. Dengan menerapkan desain penelitian potong lintang, penelitian ini menggunakan data dari Indonesia Family Life Survey dengan mengambil responden sebanyak 21,875 individu. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial ekonomi yang didalamnya mencakup; pendidikan, kepuasan kerja, kondisi kesehatan, kepercayaan sosial, dan religiusitas berkontribusi pada kesejahteraan subjektif, sedangkan status pekerjaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Selain itu, hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa kesejahteraan subjektif individu juga dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik demografi yang juga mencakup; jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, dan usia. Dengan demikian, temuan penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk memahami faktor kunci penentu kesejahteraan subjektif, sekaligus dapat menjadi acuan dalam mengembangkan kebijakan oleh berbagai pihak sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan subjektif di Indonesia
The Relationship of Knowledge With Elderly’s Motivation Following Posyandu For The Elderly in Jorong Jorong Baruah Gunuang
Authors: Rahman Rahmita , Jalius Jalius
Published: January 2021

The background of this research is the lack of motivation of the elderly to participate in the  posyandu for the elderly in Jorong Baruah Gunuang 1. The lack of knowledge of the elderly is thought to be due to the lack of knowledge about the existence of the posyandu for the elderly in Jorong Baruah Gunuang1. This study aims to: 1) describe the knowledge of the elderly about the posyandu for the elderly  2) describe the motivation of the elderly to follow the posyandu for the elderly; 3) looking at the relationship between knowledge and motivation in the elderly to follow the posyandu for the elderly in Jorong Baruah Gunuang 1. This type of this research is correlational quantitative research. The population in this study was taken by the elderly in Jorong Baruah Gunuang 1, totaling 58 people, aged 60-70 years, who did not attend the elderly posyandu. The sample was taken as much as 52% with a total of 30 peoples, the technique of this research is  using random sampling. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and tests, while the data collection tools were a list of statements and questions. The technique used to analyze the data in this study are the percentage formula and product moment. The results showed that: (1) The knowledge of the elderly in  posyandu for the elderly is categorized as low, (2) the motivation of the elderly to follow the posyandu for the elderly is categorized as low, (3) there is a significant relationship between knowledge and motivation of the elderly to participate in posyandu for the elderly activities in Jorong Baruah Gunuang 1. The  Suggestion of this study is the person in charge of the program and cadres should do more outreach to the community on the importance of posyandu for the elderly.Keywords: Knowledge, motivation, elderly
Kajian terhadap Interpretasi Nicolai Sinai dalam An Interpretation of Sura>h al-Najm (QS.53)
Authors: Ulya Nurun Najmatul
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe article discusses the interpretation of Surat al-Najm Nicolai Sinai by using the literature review method. The article aims to explain the background of the interpretation, the methods used, to the form of interpretation produced by Nicolai Sinai. As a way to find out the characteristics of the interpretation of Surah al-Najm Sinai compared to the interpretations of other exegete, the article also examines the interpretations made by other exegete on Surah al-Najm, both classical and contemporary. The study concludes that the background to Nicolai Sinai's interpretation of surah al-Najm is to voice his opinion on the debates of scholars about the verse gharaniq and to discuss in more detail the verses that explain the encounter of the Prophet Muhammad with Allah. The following are Sinai's conclusions about Surah al-Najm that differ from the interpretation produced by exegetes. 1) the 7th verse of Surah al-Najm clearly says that the Prophet Muhammad met with Allah; 2) verses 23 and 26 to 32 are parenthetical paragraphs for the structure and content are not following the unity of the verse; 3) Satan verses or gharaniq verses are not part of revelation. The Sinai's study was published in the Journal of Qur'anic Studies in 2011 with the title An Interpretation of Surah al-Najm (QS.53). AbstrakTulisan ini membahas interpretasi surat al-Najm Nicolai Sinai dengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka. Tujuan kajian ini adalah hendak memaparkan latar belakang interpretasi, metode yang digunakan, hingga bentuk interpretasi yang dihasilkan oleh Nicolai Sinai. Tulisan ini juga mengkaji penafsiran yang dilakukan oleh mufassir lain terhadap surat al-Najm, baik klasik maupun kontemporer untuk mengetahui ciri khas interpretasi surat al-Najm Sinai dengan para mufassir lain. Kajian ini mendapatkan kesimpulan bahwa latar belakang interpretasi Nicolai Sinai terhadap surat al-Najm adalah untuk menyuarakan pendapatnya terhadap perdebatan para sarjanawan tentang ayat gharaniq dan untuk membahas lebih detail ayat yang menjelaskan tentang berjumpanya Nabi Muhammad dengan Tuhan. Kesimpulan Sinai terhadap surat al-Najm yang berbeda dari penafsiran yang selama ini dilakukan oleh mufassir adalah: 1) ayat ke-7 surat al-Najm jelas mengatakan bahwa Nabi Muhammad bertemu dengan Tuhan, Sang Penutur Wahyu; 2) Ayat k3 23 dan 26 hingga 32 merupakan ayat sisipan karena secara struktur dan konten tidak sesuai dengan kesatuan surat; 3) Ayat setan atau ayat gharaniq bukan bagian dari wahyu. Kajian Sinai ini dimuat dalam Journal of Qur’anic Studies pada tahun 2011 dengan judul An Interpretation ofSurah al-Najm (QS.53).Kata Kunci: Interpretasi, Surat al-Najm, Nicolai Sinai
Analisis Vegetasi Pada Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi
Authors: Imtiyaz Arifah Nuha , Hana Dhiya Khairunnisa Islami , Sekarini Dyah Ayu , Ristomo Haris , Bulan Putri Anjani Nawang , Fajri Sidiq , Maretha Thengku Indriyenni
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis vegetasi di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM) dengan memperhatikan indeks nilai penting dan indeks shannon yang didapat. Metode Quadrant sampling digunakan untuk analisis vegetasi. Didapatkan hasil bahwa dari semua stasiun yang dianalisis, walaupun sudah berjalan proses suksesi sejak lama dan sudah banyak perubahan yang signifikan, kestabilan dari keanekaragaman di wilayah TNGM masih rendah.
Continuity and Discontinuity in Basic Education Learning: Causality Isolation Policy in Avoiding the Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Nahdi Khirjan , Ramdhani Sandy , Lutfi Samsul , Marzuki Muhammad , Asror M Zainul
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak is a non-natural disaster and has an impact on learning continuity. This study aimed to find the reality of the continuity/discontinuity of learning of primary education students in East Lombok during student isolation in the prevention of COVID-19. Data obtained through surveys and interviews with 198 respondents representing school principals, teachers, students, parents, and the community. According to the Bayesian Approach to Learning Causal Networks, the data were analyzed descriptively through frequency distribution and causal analysis. It was found that 57.07 % of respondents claimed they did not know the purpose of the isolation policy, so it was not explained. Exactly 54.76 % of respondents admitted to isolation as a holiday, 54 % of respondents admitted to playing to their heart's content during the isolation period, 88.77 % of respondents admitted that this policy was not coordinated, and 100 % of respondents admitted that they did not maximize the function of online learning. The contextual condition of this isolation period is a causal event between a lack of understanding of the policy intent or P (A), causing unclear instructions, or P (B). Unclear teacher instruction or P (B) causes students not to study at home during isolation, or learning discontinuity occurs, with code P (C). Lack of understanding of the intent of the isolation policy, or P (A) causes this policy not to be coordinated with interested parties. Due to unclear instructions, the utilization of online learning, or P (E) is not optimal. The study results are urgent and have implications for the policy of learning from home as well as the coordination pattern of educational stakeholders in the COVID-19 phase.
The Semiotics of Humiliation
Authors: Syarif Andi Rachmawati , Nursidah Nursidah
Published: January 2021

Being almost inseparable from human being, ‘Humiliation’ and ‘dignity’ must be considered as much more universal substance. Its counterpart must be regarded as having the same level of universality. However, is the fact that the form of both ‘dignity’ and ‘humiliation’ differ so much around the world, that the two terms probably represent the best argument for that there are big differences between cultures and nations.  Since the experience of humiliation does not necessary result in an immediate feeling of being humiliated. Thus one of the core challenges is to find the solution of how ‘humiliation’ on the one hand represents something universal and on the other hand is the best argument for non-universality in the world. In this sense, the essay seems to be much easier to say something about the cause for humiliation instead of its effect on the victim.  Yet, this essay attempts to point out how these terms might be understood in attempt at making them meaningful in itself and fruitful for empirical investigation.
Teaching Writing Narratives Online by Using Storyboard Technique During the Lockdown period of the Virus Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Basuki Edi Pujo , Saputri Tiyas
Published: January 2021

Living among the virus covid-19 epidemic, lecturing was conducted online. One such learning technique is the storyboard technique. The media picture (storyboard) is a media that is a reproduction of the original form in dimensions, in the form of photographs or paintings. Storyboard technique is activity before writing that emphasizes the elaboration (detailed explanation) predictions or estimates, the growth of ideas, and sequencing. This study aims to (1) describe the process of pre- developing of a storyboard, (2) show a model of the sequence of the story of storyboard (3) show an inspiring lesson plan of teaching writing of narrative text online using storyboard technique.  The design of this study is descriptive qualitative. The design of this study is descriptive qualitative. The research framework is semantic construction, specifically limits the focus on coherence. The construction of the pre-developing of the storyboard is built on two concepts: building the coherence theory of van Dijk's building text and the generic structure of the narrative text. The result of this study are (1) In order to produce a storyboard in creating narrative text, the teacher should simplify the global coherence of complex story to the local one, after that it is continued by the technique of visualization as following the generic structure of a narrative text (2) The storyboard is drawn digitally (3) The lesson plan of teaching using this technique
Adverse events of colchicine for cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive meta-analysis of 14 188 patients from 21 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Andreis Alessandro , Imazio Massimo , Avondo Stefano , Casula Matteo , Paneva Elena , Piroli Francesco , De Ferrari Gaetano M.
Published: January 2021

Aims

Colchicine has an emerging role in the cardiovascular field, although, concerns for side effects, especially gastrointestinal, limit its prescription. We aimed at evaluating reported side effects of colchicine for cardiovascular indications.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials on colchicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess the risk of adverse events and drug withdrawal. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger test, and meta-regression was performed to assess sources of heterogeneity.

Results

Among 14 188 patients, 7136 patients received colchicine while the other 7052 received placebo. The occurrence of any adverse event with colchicine was reported in 15.3 vs. 13.9% patients [relative risk (RR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–1.64, P = 0.09]. Gastrointestinal events were reported in 16.1 vs. 12.2% (RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.50–3.12, P < 0.001), while diarrhea was reported in 12.5 vs. 8.1% (RR 2.77, 95% CI 1.55–4.94, P < 0.001). The risk of gastrointestinal events increased with daily dose and shorter treatment duration. Myalgias were observed in 21 vs. 18% patients (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.32, P = 0.03). Other adverse events such as myotoxicity, hepatic adverse events, hematologic adverse events, cutaneous adverse events, infection or death were not increased by colchicine treatment. Colchicine discontinuation was reported in 4.8 vs. 3.4% patients (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.20–1.99, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Colchicine is associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal events and myalgias, but not of other adverse events. The risk of gastrointestinal events may be avoided with lower dose (0.5 mg/daily) and is inversely related to treatment duration, possibly due to early drug discontinuation or drug tolerance.
Application of 2D resistivity method to determine serpentinite rocks in Kuta Cot Glie, Aceh Besar
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Reyza , Syamsudin Fadhli , Zaini Nasrullah , Sugiyanto Didik
Published: January 2021

Abstrak. Kuta Cot Glie di Aceh Besar, merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki potensi batuan metamorf serpentinit. Batuan ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk pembuatan pupuk, batu hias, dan beberapa manfaat lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginterpretasi model bawah permukaan dan memperkirakan ketebalan lapisan batuan serpentinit. Metode geofisika yang digunakan adalah metode geolistrik resistivitas dengan konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger. Pengukuran dilakukan pada dua lintasan sepanjang 275 m untuk masing-masing lintasan dengan 56 buah elektroda dan jarak spasi setiap elektroda adalah 5 m. Prinsip metode geolistrik tersebut memanfaatkan sifat kelistrikan suatu material untuk mengetahui karakteristik material. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai resistivitas adalah 50 - 150 Ωm yang diperkirakan lapisan batuan serpentinit dengan ketebalan 10 - 35 m.Abstract. Kuta Cot Glie located in Aceh Besar, Aceh Province, has a natural potential of serpentine. The metamorphic rocks used as a raw material for making fertilizer, ornamental stones, and other benefits. This research aims to interpret sub-surface models and estimate the thickness of the rock layers. The geophysical method used in this study was the resistivity geoelectric method with a Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. Measurements were carried out on two lines with 275 m for each line and the spacing of the electrode was 5m using 56 electrodes. The physical approach utilizes the electrical properties of a material to determine the characteristics of its material. The result show that the resistivity of 50 to 150 Ωm can be interpreted as serpentinite rock layers with the thickness of 10 m to 35 m.Keywords: Serpentinite, resistivity, geoelectric method, Wenner-Schlumberger configuration.
Monumental Structures of Bilyar: new approach. Buildings with Underfloor Heating
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology named after N.N. Miklouho-Maklay (IEA), Zilivinskaya Emma D.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the monumental buildings of Bilyar, located in the citadel of the fortified settlement. Great mosque of Bilyar and other public buildings were investigated in the 70s of XX century. At the same time their reconstruction, which became canonical were made. Consideration of Bilyar buildings in the context of the architecture of the entire Muslim world makes it possible to make some adjustments both in the interpretation of buildings and in the elements of their reconstruction. The building with underfloor heating near the Juma mosque was considered the house of a feudal lord and was reconstructed as a two-story domed building. Another multi-room building with heated floors was interpreted as a caravanserai. Underfloor heating, plastering floors and walls with a water-resistant mortar, and a water drainage system indicate that these buildings were public baths. Like all eastern baths, they had one floor and were multi-domed buildings.
Nord-Oriented Burial on the Muslim Burial Ground in Bulgar and the Issue of Interpretation of Iron Cones
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Gazimzyanov Ilgizar R. , Dryemov Igor I. ,   Regional Center for Ecology, Local Studies and Tourism,   «Georesource-KB» LLC
Published: January 2021

The burial of a nomad woman with the northern orientation on a Moslem burial ground of the second half of the 14th and early 15th centuries was found in Bulgar (burial 4, excavation CXXXIV). The findings from this burial are analyzed in the paper. Four beads of multicolored pasta, a knife, a bronze mirror and eight iron hollow cones were found in the grave. 37 burials with cones are taken into account as belonged to the Golden Horde population. Most of them were buried according to the Mongolian burial tradition with the northern orientation. These objects were found in burials with orientations of the northern direction (65%), as well as western (22%) and eastern ones (13%). Usually, the cones have been revealed within the vessels, flats or near them. The cones are associated with Buddhist religion and are used for making tsatsa. Tsatsa was made in rituals during funeral rites. The vessels might contain sacred ingredients in order to add them into the clay. The flats and fragments of metal vessels were used for aromatic smoking scars or as stands in the manufacture of tsatsa. On the author’s opinion, appearance of the iron cones in the Golden Horde burial complexes may be associated with the spread of Buddhism among the Mongols.
Yarkovskoe 1 hillfort – monument of the XII–XIV centuries in the Tobolsk Irtysh River region
Authors:   Tobol’sk Complex Scientific Station of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Adamov Aleksander A. , Balyunov Igor V. ,   Tobol’sk Historical and Architectural Museum Reserve
Published: January 2021

Known archaeological sources indicate migration the groups of the Urals population into Western Siberia during the XII–XIV centuries. However, this process continues to be poorly studied, which can be partially corrected by referring to the archaeological materials of the Yarkovskoe 1 hillfort. Pre-revolutionary researchers knew this monument of Tobolsk Irtysh River region, but its excavations began relatively recently. The 2015 excavation revealed a significant number of individual finds from copper, bronze, silver and iron. Quite often fragments of ceramic dishes, bone and stone products were found. The closest analogies to the implement complex of the Yarkovskoe hillfort were found in the cis-Urals sites of the Rodanovo archaeological culture. The authors' assumption is confirmed by the findings of ornamented ceramics, crucible, bronze pendants, a silver ring, padlocks and a needle bar and other items. However, not all features of the material culture of the local population have direct analogies among the Rodanovo antiquities, which indicate that a synthesis of a number of cultures took place in the Tobolsk Irtysh region. Among the finds, one can distinguish both things of clearly Siberian origin and those brought from the territory of the Volga and Central Asia. The authors distinguish that the main component of the population of the Yarkovskoe 1 hillfort were the Rodanovo culture population who came from beyond the Urals. The Rodanovo people who arrived from the trans-Urals, as they moved to the lower reaches of the Tobol could include foreign cultures, including the Yudino culture, as well as the local Kintusovskoye culture components.
Typology and Cultural-Chronological Interpretation of Kurgans with ‘Moustache’
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “South Ural State University (national research university)”, Grudochko Ivan V.
Published: January 2021

The paper addresses the typology and a debatable issue of the chronology of kurgans with ‘moustache’ in the Ural-Kazakhstan steppes. Several concepts were proposed over the period from 1966–2017 reflecting the different viewpoint of researchers on these issues (M.K. Kadyrbaev, A.Z. Beysenov, S.G. Botalov). The reason for disagreement is that kurgans with ‘moustache’ could have been constructed near earlier sites, which influenced their incorrect dating within the framework of the early nomadic Tasmola culture. The complex of items, which has dating capabilities from the viewpoint of typology, has received an ambiguous interpretation. Thus, the supporters of the Tasmola ‘version’ are convinced that the items of the 1st Millennium AD were added to the kurgans with ‘moustache’, and the supporters of the late (Early Medieval) affiliation presume that the kurgans with ‘moustache’ were constructed near and at the site of early nomadic monuments. Besides, both parties note the small number of well-dated finds. The presently accumulated materials, stratigraphic observations and the latest radiocarbon dating results have allowed the author to propose a typology describing the central structure of the complex kurgan with ‘moustache’ depending on the number and location of the central structure’s mounds and the presence/absence of earlier barrows. This approach gives grounds to attribute the kurgans with ‘moustache’ to the period of the 4th –7th centuries AD and to rule out earlier dating.
Issues of Studying the Function of Signs Resembling Tamgas of the Kazakh Medieval Nomads
Authors:   Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilev., Samashev Samat K.
Published: January 2021

The article considers the functional purpose of signs resembling tamgas of the Kazakh medieval nomads. Today, scientists from Kazakhstan and foreign scientists are studying the system of tamga formation by people inhabiting Kazakh steppes since the ancient times. Year by year scientists reveal new movable and immovable monuments with images of tamgas belonging to the different periods of history. Among them the most distinguishing ones are the tamgas of the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages complex ethno-political and socio-cultural processes took place there – Western Turkic, Turgesh, Karluk, Oguz and Kimak khanates as well as state formations of the naimans, karakhans, kereits, zhalayyrs and kipshaks were founded and disintegrated. It is known that the nomadic ethnic groups of the Middle Ages had independent tamgas, both tribal and derived from them, as well as family and personal, which showed their status in society, the right to property, etc. Tamgas were used to mark weapon, coins and items of household and clothing. Almost all objects were marked with tamgas, tamga practically was used a tool of management, i.e. it was a sign of statehood, ancestral affiliation, private property, and was also used as a memorial text, a talisman and, perhaps, "to give an individual a special status". Tamgas are said to be an ancient prototype of modern legal acts regulating public relations.
Influence Of Seed: Water Ratio And Shredding Time On Dehulling Process Of Pigeon Pea
Authors:   Institute Of Agricultural Research And Training, B Fasoyiro Subuola
Published: January 2021

Pigeon pea seeds were pre-treated by blanching and dehulled by shredding at different times and varying seed to water ratio (seed: water), using a simple blender. Shredded fractions were weighed and used to calculate dehulling yields, as well as evaluated visually for brokenness of shells. Yields of total dehulled pigeon pea samples at 1:1 and 1:1.5 seed: water (111.72-154.68 g) doubled that which were obtained at 2:1 seed: water (53.69-60.49 g).
Comparison Of 2% Chlorhexidine And 70% Alcohol Swab Versus 10% Povidone- Iodine Solution In Preventing Peritoneal Dialysis Exit Site Infection
Authors:   The Royal Hospital, Al Salmi Issa
Published: January 2021

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) utilization increases gradually due to increase of patient's awareness for different types of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT). Hence, in order to be successful with PD program, we need to build strong strategies to improve patients’ quality of care. One of the risks associated with PD is the Exit-Site-Infection (ESI).
Hypomelanosis Of Ito: A Rare Disorder With Rarer Presentation-Unilateral Retinal Detachment And Bilateral Glaucoma
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department Of Ophthalmology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, Delhi, India, Jain Kanika
Published: January 2021

Hypomelanosis of Ito, also known as Hypomelanosis of Achromia, Incontenentia pigmenti Achromians, pigmentary dysplasia or mosaicism, is a rare dermatological disease with a prevalence of 1 in 8000-10,000 live births predominantly affecting females. Disease is usually sporadic but familial cases have been reported
Women Surgeons And Women Artists “History, Power, Challenges And Opportunities”
Authors:   University Clinics Of Schleswig Holstein, Mettler Liselotte
Published: January 2021

This article was written after “women’s surgeon lunch meeting” was organized by European Society of Gynecological Endoscopy (ESGE) during their annual conference in August 2019 at Thessaloniki, Greece.
Tuula H. Laaksovirta in memoriam
Authors: Karhula Päivikki , Virrankoski Antti
Published: January 2021

Kirjasto- ja informaatioalan vaikuttaja, professori Tuula H. Laaksovirta menehtyi marraskuun alussa. Hän toimieduskunnan kirjaston johtajana vuosina 1994–2007 ja eduskunnan kanslian tieto- ja viestintäjohtajana vuosituhannenalussa. Hänen eduskuntauraansa edelsivät toimet Joensuun ja Vaasan yliopiston kirjaston johtajana sekä apulaisprofessorinaTampereen yliopistossa ja tutkijana Suomen Akatemiassa. Professorin arvonimen hän sai vuonna 2011.
Implication Of Provisions Article 58 Paragraph (2) Law Number 15 Of 2019 Concerning Amendments To Law Number 12 Of 2011 Concerning The Formation Of Laws And Regulations On The Mechanism Of Harmonizing, Unifying And Consolidating The Conception Of Draft Regional Regulations
Authors: Badary Muhammad Ali
Published: January 2021

Article 58 paragraph (2) of Law Number 15 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislative Regulations changes the position of the central government in the process of harmonizing, unifying and consolidating the conception of draft regional regulations. The formulation of norms and laying of norms of Article 58 paragraph (2) of Law Number 15 of 2019 has resulted in normative legal consequences on the authority of regional apparatuses which have been coordinating harmonization, unification and consolidation of the conception of draft regional regulations proposed by regional heads and also resulting in the position of the central government to participate in harmonizing the draft regional regulations initiated by the Regional People's Representative Council. This study aims to identify the normative problems posed by Article 58 paragraph (2) of Law Number 15 of 2019, especially with regard to the mechanism of harmonization, unification and consolidation of the conception of draft regional regulations. This type of research is a type of normative research and the approach used in this study is a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and an analytical approach. The results of this study indicate that Article 58 paragraph (2) of Law Number 15 of 2019 raises normative problems in at least two things, namely the institutional relationship between vertical agencies in the regions and local governments which both have the authority to harmonize, unify and consolidate the conception of draft regional regulations. The types of draft regional regulations are harmonized by the ministry or agency that administers government affairs in the field of Formulation of Legislation. This problem arises because the formulation of norms and the placement of the norms of Article 58 paragraph (2) of Law Number 15 of 2019 are inaccurate so that there needs to be a revision of the formulation or laying of norms regulating the authority of ministries or institutions that carry out government affairs in the field of Regulatory Formation. Legislation in the harmonization, unification and strengthening of the conception of draft regional regulations.
Legal Certainty To Double Land Statement Letter (Skl) Holders In Land Boarders (Study Case In Teteilanan Village, South Barito Regency, Center Kalimantan)
Authors: Hermawan Tommy
Published: January 2021

This research was ⅿotivateⅾ by the nսⅿber of ⅼanⅾⅾispսtes that occսrreⅾ in Centraⅼ Kaⅼiⅿantan which was caսseⅾ by the existence of a ⅾoսbⅼe ⅼanⅾ Certificate (SKT) issսeⅾ by the Viⅼⅼage Heaⅾ. This stսⅾy raises a ⅼanⅾⅾispսte that occսrreⅾ between party X anⅾ a paⅼⅿ oiⅼ coⅿpany where each party owns an SKT on ⅼanⅾ objects on the saⅿe borⅾer ⅼanⅾ with a ⅾifferent ⅾistrict base. This ⅾispսte occսrs becaսse there are no cⅼear anⅾ firⅿ rսⅼes governing ⅾoսbⅼe SKT on borⅾer ⅼanⅾ so there is no ⅼegaⅼ certainty for SKT hoⅼⅾers. Baseⅾ on the ⅾescription above, the researcher raises the probⅼeⅿ forⅿսⅼation: what is the ⅼegaⅼ certainty for hoⅼⅾers of ⅾoսbⅼe ⅼanⅾ certificates on the ⅼanⅾ borⅾer of Teteiⅼanan Viⅼⅼage, Soսth Barito Regency, Centraⅼ Kaⅼiⅿantan)? This research սses jսriⅾicaⅼ eⅿpiricaⅼ research, jսriⅾicaⅼ socioⅼogicaⅼ approach, priⅿary anⅾ seconⅾary ⅾata sets which are anaⅼyzeⅾսsing qսaⅼitative anaⅼysis. The resսⅼts of this stսⅾy inⅾicate that there is no ⅼegaⅼ certainty for hoⅼⅾers of ⅿսⅼtipⅼe ⅼanⅾ Certificate, this is becaսse the ⅼanⅾ Certificate can be սseⅾ as eviⅾence of controⅼ over ⅼanⅾ rights in carrying oսt the ⅼanⅾ registration process reⅼateⅾ to the presence of incoⅿpⅼete ⅼanⅾⅾocսⅿents. The existence of ⅾoսbⅼe SKT is caսseⅾ by 3 (three) first things, naⅿeⅼy the ⅼack of orⅾer in the aⅾⅿinistration of ⅼanⅾ recorⅾs in the viⅼⅼage registration book, reⅼateⅾ to the probⅼeⅿ that the apparatսs in charge of ⅼanⅾ registration ⅿսst re-coⅼⅼect ⅾata then register in the viⅼⅼage registration book on the resսⅼts of the re-ⅾata coⅼⅼection. Seconⅾ, the repⅼaceⅿent of the Viⅼⅼage Heaⅾ or Viⅼⅼage Apparatսs, reⅼateⅾ to this probⅼeⅿ the new Viⅼⅼage Heaⅾ or Viⅼⅼage Apparatսs ⅿսst ⅾoսbⅼe-check the viⅼⅼage registration book in orⅾer to ⅿiniⅿize the occսrrence of ⅾoսbⅼe SKT. Thirⅾ, naⅿeⅼy the ⅼoss or ⅾaⅿage of the viⅼⅼage registration book, reⅼateⅾ to this probⅼeⅿ, the viⅼⅼage heaⅾ or the reⅼevant viⅼⅼage apparatսs ⅿսst ⅿake a copy of the ⅾata containeⅾ in the viⅼⅼage registration book sսch as a copy of a photocopy or eⅼectronic fiⅼe.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology – A novel diagnostic technique in pemphigus
Authors: Narayanan Beena , Dhanya O. T. , Asokan N.
Published: January 2021

The term pemphigus is collectively used to describe a group of immunobullous disorders characterized by intraepidermal cleft and circulating antibodies against intercellular adhesion molecules. Pemphigus vegetans was first described as a variant of pemphigus vulgaris by Neumann in 1876. We report a case of 36-year-old female who presented with swelling of scalp, which was diagnosed as pemphigus by fine-needle aspiration cytology.
Surgical resection of a large posttraumatic middle meningeal artery pseudoaneurysm with associated epidural hematoma
Authors: McCormack Ryan Michael , Chen Amber Y. , Schwartz Lindsey M. , Lewis Cole T. , Kitagawa Ryan S.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Middle meningeal artery (MMA) pseudoaneurysms are rare but can occur secondary to trauma with an associated skull fracture and can present with a variety of hemorrhage patterns. Epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intraparenchymal hematomas have all been reported. Given the wide range of clinical presentations and radiographic findings, multiple treatment strategies have been employed, including surgical removal, endovascular intervention, and conservative treatment. MMA pseudoaneurysms typically range from 2 to 5 mm in size and have been shown to have unpredictable growth patterns.

Case Description:

A 54-year-old male identifying as a Jehovah’s Witness presented after a fall and was found to have an epidural hematoma with an accompanying temporal bone fracture. Imaging demonstrated a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the MMA. Given the patient’s religious preferences, the emphasis was made during surgical planning for the minimization of blood loss. The epidural hematoma was evacuated, and the MMA pseudoaneurysm was directly visualized and surgically excised after ligation of its tributaries. The patient tolerated the procedure well without significant blood loss and made a complete neurological recovery.

Conclusion:

A well-circumscribed hypodensity on CT within a surrounding hyperintense collection should raise suspicion of MMA pseudoaneurysm in the setting of overlying temporal bone fracture as supported by previous imaging findings of large MMA pseudoaneurysms. The early detection of MMA pseudoaneurysm is imperative, as the presence may dictate more urgent intervention and changes in operative technique. Although not much is known about the nature and progression of these lesions, surgical excision has remained a safe, reliable method of treatment.
Improving Passing Skills on Volleyball Using Target Games Approach
Authors: Aini Khurotul
Published: January 2021

Passing on volleyball is important in volleyball games, but students have difficulty determining the exact passing result with the target. This study aims to improve the passing skills on volleyball in volleyball learning on students of VII A grade in state junior high school 1 Probolinggo using the target games approach. The research method uses Classroom Action Research. The implementation of this class action through two cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 stages namely (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation and 4) reflection. The subjects of this study are students of VII A grade in State Junior High School 1 Probolinggo. The collecting techniques of the data use observation sheets, documentation and tests. The results of the passing skills test on volleyball in the first cycle, the number of students amount 30 people, there are 29 students able to do the passing beginning movement on  the volleyball correctly 90.25% with good category, 27 students are able to do the movements correctly in the subject position of 81.12 % with good category, and 28 students are able to make the final movement correctly 80.25% with a good category. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that learning of passing on volleyball through the target games approach is able to improve the passing skills on volleyball of students in State Junior High School Probolinggo and it is hoped that in the future research can be found that develops target games with other types of games to overcome student learning difficulties.
Self-Guiding Polymeric Prodrug Micelles with Two Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizers for Enhanced Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yi Xiaoqing , Hu Jingjing , Dai Jun , Lou Xiaoding , Zhao Zujin , Xia Fan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating ability have been used as photosensitizers for imaging guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). To achieve enhanced antitumor outcomes, combining AIEgens-based PDT with chemotherapy is an efficient strategy. However, the therapeutic efficiency is hampered by the limited cellular uptake efficiency and the appropriate light irradiation occasion. In this paper, a self-guiding polymeric micelle (TB@PMPT) composed of two AIE photosensitizers and a reduction-sensitive paclitaxel prodrug (PTX-SS-N3) was established for enhanced chemo-photodynamic therapy by a dual-stage light irradiation strategy. When the micelles were accumulated in tumor tissues, the first light irradiation (L1, 6 min) was utilized to facilitate cellular uptake by “photochemical internalization” (PCI). Then the intracellular glutathione (GSH) would induce the PTX release, micelles disassembly and the aggregation state change of AIEgens. The fluorescence signal change of two AIEgens-based ratiometric fluorescent probe could not only precisely guide the second light irradiation (L2, 18 min) for sufficient ROS production, but also monitor the non-fluorescent drug PTX release in turn. Both in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that the dual-stage light irradiation strategy employed for TB@PMPT micelles exhibited superior therapeutic effect than only 24-min continuous light irradiation.
ClipsMS: An Algorithm for Analyzing Internal Fragments Resulting from Top-Down Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lantz Carter , Zenaidee Muhammad A. , Wei Benqian , Hemminger Zachary , R. Ogorzalek Loo Rachel , Loo Joseph
Published: January 2021

Here we describe ClipsMS, an algorithm that can assign both terminal and internal fragments generated by top-down MS fragmentation. Further, ClipsMS can be used to locate various modifications on the protein sequence. Using ClipsMS to assign TD-MS generated product ions, we demonstrate that for apo-myoglobin, the inclusion of internal fragments increases the sequence coverage up to 78%. Interestingly, many internal fragments cover complimentary regions to the terminal fragments that enhance the information that is extracted from a single top-down mass spectrum. Analysis of oxidized apo-myoglobin using terminal and internal fragment matching by ClipsMS confirmed the locations of oxidation sites on the two methionine residues. Internal fragments can be beneficial for top-down protein fragmentation analysis, and ClipsMS can be a valuable tool for assigning both terminal and internal fragments present in a top-down mass spectrum.
Elevated Blood Lead Results in oxidative stress and Alters the Antioxidants of Silver Jewellery labors
Authors: Mandakini S. Kshirsagar  , Arun J. Patil  , Jyotsna A. Patil
Published: January 2021

This study is designed to find out the present status of PbB level and its adverse effect on oxidative stress and antioxidant  of Silver Jewellery Workers (SJW). Forty-two SJW of having an age range of 20-45 years were included for this study and compared with 50 healthy male subjects of the same age-matched. All biochemical investigations were determined by using standard methods. In this study, we found significantly increased PbB level (325%), serum lipid peroxide (191%) and significantly decreased antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (-37.83%), Catalase (-27.64%), Ceruloplasmin (-10.2%), Nitric oxide (-36.54%) in silver jewellery workers as compared to control subjects. PbB level positively correlated with lipid peroxide (0.46) and negatively correlated with superoxide dismutase (-0.31), Catalase (-0.30), Ceruloplasmin (-0.20) and Nitric oxide (-0.28) were observed in study subjects.  Therefore we have planned this study to know the oxidative stress and antioxidant status of silver jewellery workers and we found that blood lead level results in oxidative stress and alters antioxidant enzymes of silver jewellery workers and to reduce this oxidative stress it is indispensable to decrease PbB level of silver jewellery workers by taking vitamins, minerals and using activated carbon fabric mask which can prevent the health hazards of lead.
Design and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Micro-Emulsion Based Gel
Authors: Manish Wani  , Akshay Baheti  , Satish Polshettiwar  , Tanaji Nandgude  , Aarti Shastri  , Yogita Ozarde
Published: January 2021

Flurbiprofen via oral route has many side effects. Many inflammatory infections occur locally and close to the body's surface, so topical application of flurbiprofen is advantageous. Still, intact skin acts as a barrier and hampers skin penetration of the drug. Present objective of this work was to reduce the adverse effect of flurbiprofen and increase its bioavailability by formulating Flurbiprofen microemulsion based gel, evaluating it for its Physico-chemical properties and then finally conducting its in-vitro and animal studies to determine its efficiency. Arachis oil was selected as an oil phase as flurbiprofen showed maximum solubility in it. Microemulsion formulations (A1 to A9) were prepared by varying the qty of tween 80 (as a surfactant) and propylene glycol (as co-surfactant). Microemulsions which were found to give satisfactory results w.r.t microemulsion formation (F1 to F5) were converted to microemulsion gel using Carbopol 934 as gel base. The ability of different microemulsions to penetrate flurbiprofen through the skin was in-vitro evaluated. All the formulations were evaluated for their quantity of drug present in the formulation, pH, Viscosity, Spreadability, in vitro diffusion study. Formula F4, which showed good Physico-chemical properties, was subjected to anti-inflammatory study. Results showed that pH, spreadability, viscosity and amount of active ingredient present in formulations were in an acceptable limit. The standard calibration curve for flurbiprofen depicts the linear association between concentration and absorbance. The formulation F4 has the highest % release, 90.54% also showed a higher % inhibition of paw oedema after 4 hrs than marketed formulation.
Alginate encapsulation of Trichoderma harzianum against brown spot disease on rice (Oryzae sativa) in vivo assays
Authors: Mohd Anuar I.S. , Ku Sulong K.A. , Abdul Ghani H. , Wahab M.Z.
Published: January 2021

Bipolaris oryzae causes brown spot disease which is one of the most devastating diseases
in rice. Nowadays, biological methods are effective controls which need to be developed
in order to use less chemical control. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to
characterize the B. oryzae as a biocontrol agent and to measure the performance of
encapsulated T. harzianum in controlling brown spot disease. Bipolaris oryzae was
characterized based on morphological characteristics and alginate encapsulation was
produced from conidial suspension by adding sodium alginate and calcium chloride which
results in small beads. Alginate formulation was applied to the rice seedling to find the
result on this formulation. As a result, the application of encapsulation T. harzianum to
control brown spot disease showed the inhibition of the disease. As a conclusion, this can
be an alternative method to control brown spot disease which will render easier
application to rice plantation in the future.
Discussion on the Reform of Mixed-English Teaching Mode of Higher Vocational English Based on “Internet +”
Authors: Ying Liao
Published: January 2021

In today’s society, English has become a core competency that everyone needs. How to use the development advantages of “Internet +” and to develop a hybrid teaching method is the main research content of this paper. Based on this, this paper firstly summarizes the problems existing in the mixed teaching mode of vocational English from the aspects of single multimedia teaching form and the utilization rate of modern information teaching tools. Subsequently, combining traditional classroom teaching with flipped classes based on microlecture, developing mixed-English teaching, establishing a self-learning environment for students under the network platform, and proposing suggestions are the guidance for students to use the online platform for independent learning, in order to be able to provides new ideas for higher vocational English mixed teaching reform.
The Burning Love in the Poetry of Emily Dickinson
Authors: Li Jun
Published: January 2021

As a distinguished female poet, Emily Dickinson is considered to write many love poems in her life time. This paper attempts to understand the burning love through the implicit and explicit representation in her love poems. Through the use of the binary opposition and the bold description of the sexual affairs between lovers, the yearning for love is represented in her poems. Whether it is implicit or explicit description, the inequality between the male and the female is fully represented through Dickinson’s love poems. The female not only suffered the emotional repression in a love relationship, but also is reduced to the subordinate social status in every aspects of the Victorian society.