bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS E O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA E CULTURA AFRO-BRASILEIRA E AFRICANA
Authors: Galvão Jayana Farias Soares de Oliveira , Alves Fabrício Germano
Published: January 2025

A presente pesquisa trata da educação em relações étnico-raciais e do ensino de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana como instrumentos de materialização do direito à educação e à igualdade racial, com enfoque nas diretrizes e nos direcionamentos estabelecidos pela legislação vigente, bem como por normativas regulamentares do Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE). O estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de entender os mecanismos educacionais estabelecidos pela alteração legislativa que implementou a obrigatoriedade de educação das relações étnico-raciais. Como problemática, serão discutidas as alterações trazidas pela Lei nº 10.639/2003, a qual adicionou à Lei de Diretrizes e Base da Educação (LDB) a obrigatoriedade de constar, no conteúdo programático do ensino fundamental e médio, em instituições oficiais e particulares, o estudo sobre História da África e da Diáspora Africana. Logo, os objetivos da presente pesquisa são analisar as diretrizes do ensino de história afro-brasileira e dos africanos e as estratégias de implementação da educação das relações étnico-raciais no Brasil como forma de promoção da igualdade racial. Para tanto, foi realizado exame de natureza aplicada com objetivo descritivo e explicativo a partir de revisão bibliográfica e a análise da legislação pertinente e de dados estatísticos relacionados às disparidades de acesso à educação no Brasil e seus impactos às minorias étnico-raciais, em especial às de ascendência negra. Por fim, concluiu-se que a educação de relações étnico-raciais e ensino da história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana continua a ser medida de suma importância para propiciar educação autônoma e emancipadora. Contudo, para sua plena efetivação, são necessárias políticas públicas efetivas, em consonância com a Constituição Federal e as normas infraconstitucionais.
DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE ON RLC CIRCUIT USING GUI FUNCTION OF MATLAB FOR VOCATIONAL CERTIFICATE
Authors:   Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800 Thailand, Srithabut Porntipa , Hinon Kanitta ,   Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800 Thailand
Published: January 2025

This research is to develop and construct the instructional package on RLC circuit of AC Circuits course using GUI function of MATLAB for Vocational Certificate. The constructed instructional package consists of three units including R, L, and C in AC circuit, R–L R-C in series circuit, and RLC in series circuit. The instructional package consists of the information sheet, the presentation program, the GUI function of MATLAB simulation program, RLC circuit tester, Post-test, and achievement test. The sample group was 20 Vocational Certificate students in the 1st year students of Curriculum for Certificate of Vocational Education in Electrical, Pathum Thani Technical College, that registered in second academic year 2022. Using a multi-stage sampling method and the statistics used for analyzing the data, there were efficiency (E1/E2), mean , and standard deviation (SD). The results of the research found that the developed teaching package had an efficiency of 77.00/75.33, which was in accordance with the specified criteria 75/75. The results of the evaluation of student satisfaction with the developed teaching package were at a high level of satisfaction (average  equaled to = 4.30, Standard deviation (SD) equal to 0.74) according to the research hypothesis. Thus, the constructed instructional package on RLC circuit using GUI function of MATLAB for vocational certificate can be used in the teaching and used appropriately in learning and teaching of Vocational Education to encourage students for having knowledge and practical skills consistent as an expected leaning outcome of curriculum.
A Comparison of the Imputation Methods for Balanced Transportation Problems
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, Kongkoy Unna , Boonlha Kanlaya ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
Published: January 2025

Transportation model is a special case of linear programming to transport a product from sources to destinations at total minimum cost. The objective of this study is comparing the efficiency of estimating when the variable costs are missing completely at random in balanced transportation problems by imputation 4 methods which are mean, median, maximum, and minimum. The cost for transport model is set to a uniform distribution and a normal distribution with coefficients of variation to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. The Monte Carlo simulation was repeated 1,000 times. Set the number of sources and destinations to be equal in size 4, 5, 7, 10, and 20. The percentage of missing data are 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the sample size. The criterion used for comparison is the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results found that as the number of sources and destinations increases, RMSE also increases across all imputation methods. Among the methods, imputation using the mean resulted in the lowest RMSE, followed by the median, maximum, and minimum, respectively.
AgriBot: AI-Powered Precision Agriculture for Sustainable Crop Management
Authors:   Dept of Computer Science and Engg. Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, India, Miranda Vishal
Published: January 2025

—This project focuses on developing an AI-driven chatbot to support farmers by providing instant responses to agricultural queries, offering crop recommendations based on soil characteristics, and identifying crop diseases through imagebased analysis. The chatbot will leverage machine learning techniques and natural language processing to ensure smooth and effective communication between farmers and the system. By utilizing soil data, it will deliver customized crop recommendations tailored to the unique conditions of the farmer’s land. Additionally, the image-based disease diagnosis module will enable farmers to upload photos of affected plants, which the system will analyze to deliver precise diagnoses and actionable treatment plans. The primary goal of this tool is to empower farmers with valuable insights, enhance their decision-making capabilities, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. By incorporating advanced machine learning algorithms and natural language processing, the chatbot will facilitate intuitive and effective interactions, enabling farmers to receive accurate and timely assistance. This innovative solution is intended to provide farmers with actionable advice , optimize agricultural decision-making, and support the adoption of sustainable farming practices. The goal of this project is to create an AI-powered chatbot designed to assist farmers by offering real-time solutions to agricultural challenges, recommending suitable crops based on soil properties, and diagnosing crop diseases through image recognition technology.
STRATEGIES FOR MIGRATING LARGE, MISSION-CRITICAL DATABASE WORKLOADS TO THE CLOUD
Authors: Molleti Ramasankar
Published: January 2025

Moving large, mission-critical database workloads to the cloud is a complex and multifaceted process. This requires
careful planning and execution. This article explores a comprehensive strategy designed to address the unique
challenges associated with such migrations. The findings presented in this document are intended to provide IT
professionals with a structured framework for navigating the complexities of cloud migration. Helps ensure a smooth
transition and seamless access to critical business functions.
Keywords: Cloud, Database, Mission-Critical Workloads, Database Workloads, Planning and Execution, DBaaS,
IaaS, PaaS.
Continental Policy of Japan as Seen from France: Indochina Crisis of 1940 and Politicians of the Vichy Regime (Part One)
Authors: Molodiakov V. E.
Published: January 2025

This article deals with little-known aspects of the Indochina crisis of 1940 in Japanese–French relations — Japan’s claims to control and military presence in French Indochina in the summer and autumn of 1940. Ensuring the security and stability of Indochina was at the heart of the French policy towards Japan during all the pre-war years. It was characterized by a willingness to make concessions and compromises, so it was often criticized for “appeasing the aggressor.” The beginning of the war in Europe in September 1939 prompted Japanese military circles to develop new expansion plans in the face of France’s weakening position in East Asia. The military defeat of France in June 1940 prompted Japan to increase pressure on it in order to completely stop the supply of military materials to China and to take control of the execution of these measures. Japan’s strategic goal was to establish control over Indochina. The new authoritarian regime of the French state (the Vichy regime), which replaced the parliamentary regime of the defunct Third Republic, compromised with Japan, taking into account the inequality of forces in the region; therefore, its policy is called the policy of concessions. The author examines the process of shaping French policy and the actions of its main performers: Head of State Philippe Pétain, Minister of Foreign Affairs Paul Baudouin, Ministers of Colonies Albert Rivière and Henri Lémery, Governors-General of Indochina Georges Catroux and Jean Decoux. The article is based on diaries, memoirs, and other testimonies of the actors in combination with the latest research works.
Zen Buddhist Influence on Makuya Teaching, or “Tabernacle of Christ”
Authors: Babkova M. V.
Published: January 2025

Makuya, or “Tabernacle of Christ” is a Japanese new religious movement and a neo-Christian religion with some Zionist elements. Its founder, businessman Teshima Ikurō (1910–1973), had samurai ancestors. In his youth, he was baptized and joined the non-church movement — Japanese Christians who reject the church and seek to connect with God through a thorough study of the Holy Scriptures. Scholars agree that, firstly, the Makuya teaching continues and develops the ideas of the non-church movement, and secondly, that, like other Japanese Christian organizations, Makuya is significantly influenced by Japanese culture and is primarily its product. Makuya continues the non-church movement as its adherents consider the interpretation of the Holy Scripture the main occupation that allows a person to come to God. Just like the non-church believers, Makuya followers accept the hypothesis of a common origin of the Japanese and the Jews. They also consider Judaism more in line with the original teachings of Jesus Christ than Christianity, which has been distorted by translations of the Bible into Greek and other languages and church institutions. The originality of Makuya teaching, among other things, is determined by such practices as “speaking in tongues”, divine healing, walking on fire, etc. An overview of the life of Teshima Ikurō , the history of the formation of his teaching and the Makuya movement, as well as an analysis of Teshima’s sermons show that some ideas of Zen Buddhism can be traced in his worldview and the Makuya teaching based on it. Two sermons by Teshima Ikurō are analyzed: one where he interprets Psalm 90 (“The Prayer of Moses, the Man of God”), as well as a verse from the Gospel of John. Teshima talks about life, death, the perception of time, and the meeting of person with God. Just like Zen authors, Teshima Ikurō considers the goal of the believer to cast aside illusions and gain true vision. According to the basic postulates of Zen Buddhism, the ascetic gains enlightenment and thereby leaves the endless circle of births and deaths, realizes the non-duality of the world. For Teshima Ikurō , the meeting of a person with God becomes an analogue of enlightenment, after which a person similarly ceases to feel enslaved by time and finds himself in eternity.
Destruction of the Ainu Language
Authors: Alpatov V. M.
Published: January 2025

Ainu is the only native minority language in Japan during the historical period. Its genetic relations are not known, its grammatical system differs from the systems of the languages of the surrounding peoples. The ethnical origin of Ainu is not well-known either. In the 19th century, native speakers of the Ainu language lived in Hokkaido, south Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and south Kamchatka. They were not numerous, but their linguistic situation was stable, and their contacts with other peoples were not significant. Their occupations were hunting and fishing. Since the 19th century, the Sakhalin Ainu and the Kuril Ainu began to move into Hokkaido. The Russian writer A. P. Chekhov visited Sakhalin in 1890 and described the Ainu situation. He wrote that the Ainu were peaceful and gentle people; they could not resist the Japanese expansion. At that time, the Ainu population of Sakhalin was declining; there were two causes thereof: death from starvation and migration to Hokkaido. However, since that time, Hokkaido was occupied by the Japanese people. Ainu lost their territory and did not have equal rights with the Japanese. The Japanese people despised Ainu, using the phonetic semblance of the name of the people (Ainu) and the Japanese word inu, ‘dog’, and considered Ainu a hybrid of people and dogs. The Ainu language had no writing system and only Japanese was taught in the Ainu schools. The Ainu people were in the process of assimilation. After the Second World War, the Japanese and the Ainu were equalized in their rights, but the new reforms did not change the linguistic situation, and the Ainu language became extinct very quickly. The last speaker of Ainu in Sakhalin died in 1975, and the last speaker of Ainu in Hokkaido died about 2000.
Illustrated Ming Dynasty Sources about Japanese Wakō Pirates on the Example of “Wakō Zukan” (“Illustrated Scroll of Japanese Pirates”)
Authors: Musaeva A. M.
Published: January 2025

Wakō, which is literally translated as “Japanese pirates”, were pirates who came from different ethnic groups and raided the coastal territories of China and Korea from the 13th to the 16th centuries. The activity of pirates on the Korean Peninsula declined in the 15th century and moved to the coastal provinces of China, where it peaked in the middle of the 16th century and was significant enough to influence the works of art of the Ming period (1368–1644). The first half of the article describes the two main stages of the development of the “Japanese piracy” and includes key events and factors that influenced the rise and decline in piratical activity. The second part of the article explores what historical event is depicted in the “Wakō Zukan” (“Illustrated Scroll of Japanese Pirates”). In order to achieve this objective, the picture was divided into several scenes and described, the result of which is presented in a table. In addition, the article examines four existing theories and assesses the degree of their consistency. In order to better understand the origin of the scroll and its contents, two more scrolls were used, namely: the “Kōwa Zukan” (“Illustrated Scroll of Resistance to Japanese Pirates”) and the “Heiwa Zukan” (“Illustrated Scroll of the Pacification of Japanese Pirates”). “Kōwa Zukan” was also divided into several episodes and a comparative analysis was made, the results of which are reflected in the table mentioned above. This interdisciplinary research will be of interest not only for scholars studying piracy as a historical phenomenon, but also for a wide range of specialists studying the history and art of the Eastern countries, as well as international relations in the Asia-Pacific region.
Institutions of Russian-Japanese Economic Cooperation
Authors: Korneev K. A.
Published: January 2025

Russian-Japanese economic cooperation has a rather interesting and informative history, but it is based mainly on primary energy resources trade, which Japan needs probably more than any other country in North East Asia. It is not surprising that the Russian mining sector attracts the dominant share of Japanese investment, and this area can be considered the most protected from negative external influences, such as sanctions policy or the general cooling of interstate relations. There are other directions, for example, the development of car assembly plants network in Russia, the construction of metallurgical and pharmaceutical plants, and the use of empty agricultural lands in the Russian Far East. Under favorable circumstances, it is possible to significantly expand the range of industries and launch projects in the fields of hydrogen energy, digital economy, robotics, space systems, and so on. Unfortunately, at the moment, Russian-Japanese relations are going through one of the most difficult periods in their history, largely due to a sharp change in the global geopolitical landscape in addition to the different perception by Russian and Japanese elites of the models of geo-economic space formation in Northeast Asia. In fact, in the NEA region, the tendency towards the consolidation of two strategic blocs is noticeably increasing, one of which is China and Russia, while the other includes Japan and the Republic of Korea, with the obvious patronage of the United States. Nevertheless, Tokyo, despite declaratively joining large-scale anti- Russian sanctions, still seeks to preserve the foundation for further cooperation in case of at least a relative normalization of the geopolitical background. Therefore, it is still relevant to consider the institutional foundations of cooperation arising from the already established system of contracts and agreements. This article focuses on the analysis of existing and promising institutions of Russian-Japanese cooperation, because, without this foundation, it will be difficult to count on mutually beneficial long-term interaction, which is hardly possible to completely nullify due to many circumstances, both internal and external. In addition, under the new circumstances, the Asian direction of foreign economic policy is becoming a crucial one for Russia, which is officially recognized by the national elites.
Competition Between Japanese and Chinese Infrastructure Projects in Mongolia
Authors: Kulneva P. V.
Published: January 2025

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, which has a number of advantages related to its geographical location, abundance of natural resources, openness to foreign capital, and dynamic development due to the market reforms carried out in the 1990s. This determines the interest in the country from China and Japan and the inclusion of Mongolia among the platforms of global competition between these largest Asian economies.

Development of Japan-Mongolia and China-Mongolia political and economic relations in the second half of the 20th century and Mongolia’s economic progress in the recent decades have coincided with increasing competition between Japan and China on the world stage. At present, both countries are important trading partners for Mongolia and sources of capital needed to build its infrastructure and integrate it into global supply and production chains. The study of Sino-Japanese interaction in Mongolia may help us understand how Japan and China compete with each other on the world stage and to specify their areas of specialization and rivalry.

The objective of this research is to show, taking infrastructure projects as an example, how the global competition between Japan and China unfolds in Mongolia. In order to evaluate the current state of economic relations between Mongolia and each of the countries, in the first part, the author traces the history of Japan-Mongolia and China-Mongolia relations from the establishment of diplomatic relations till the present time, paying special attention to infrastructure projects. The second part analyzes the interaction between Japan and China in Mongolia in the context of their growing economic competition. The study sheds light on particular areas of rivalry, while demonstrating that Japanese and Chinese projects not only compete but also complement each other.
Hamaguchi Ryūsuke’s Wheel of Fortune and Japanese Cinema
Authors: Katasonova E. L.
Published: January 2025

Japan Yearbook 2022 featured an article which reflected on the award-winning Japanese film Drive My Car (Doraibu mai-ka), directed by Hamaguchi Ryūsuke. It received the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film. The movie is an authentic and original work, unlike anything being filmed in Japan today. Russian audience is very interested in this particular work, since it seamlessly and unexpectedly combines the work of two completely different writers: A. P. Chekhov and Haruki Murakami.

What is curious about this work is that Hamaguchi is known to be a great admirer of director Andrei Tarkovsky and started his creative career with his own remake of Solaris, later receiving many prestigious awards at international film festivals. Among his works are Happy Hour, Asako I & II, Wheel of Fortune and Fantasy, etc. This article presents the analysis of these movies and the main stages of Hamaguchi Ryūsuke’s creative biography.
The Role of Mass Consciousness in the Formation of the Japanese Adherence to National Traditions
Authors: Gerasimova M. P.
Published: January 2025

The author aims to answer the question of what presently contributes to the preservation of the national uniqueness of the Japanese culture and why one of the characteristic features of the Japanese is their adherence to traditions, and also to point out the importance of considering the mental attitudes of the mass consciousness, which are generated by the traditional understanding of the world and a person’s place in it. Mass consciousness is understood as a depersonalized consciousness of the vast majority of the members of a society. The researchers of mass consciousness believe that it begins to form in ancient times, with many of its components preserved in the collective subconscious of society for a long time.

The formation of the psychology of the Japanese, their religious outlook, and aesthetic ideal also took place in the 4th – 7th centuries. In subsequent periods, the previously formed specific features of the Japanese culture were further developing in the same way. This suggests the existence of a conceptual constant in the mass consciousness of the part of society in which the basis of the Japanese culture was formed. Gradually, it spread to all segments of society. The functioning of the mass consciousness manifests itself as universally accepted norms: customs, ideals, ethical and aesthetic values, etc.

Works of literature and art, research by foreign and Russian Japanologists make it possible to single out worldview components that, being imprinted in the mass consciousness of society, form a “code” for preserving the specifics of the Japanese culture in the broadest sense of the word. The worldview of the Japanese was formed on the basis of the Shinto-Taoist-Buddhist syncretism, the components of this code being: a person’s perception of themselves as an integral part of the Universe; conviction in the universal interconnectedness of things and, as a result, focus on maintaining harmonic interaction of all elements of the world; belief in the spirituality of everything.

This article traces the influence of these components on the formation of value orientations that determined the peculiarities of Japanese culture and have not lost their relevance to this day.
The Documents of the Shōsōin Treasury and the History of Their Study
Authors: Matveeva O. K.
Published: January 2025

One of the most important features of the documents from the Shōsōin treasury is the opportunity for researchers not only to study the events, institutions, and sources of the Nara era, but also to see the Japanese 8th century “with a human face.” Among the documents, there is a lot of material that talks about the everyday life and service of the sovereign’s subjects. This is of special interest for the author of the article, who aims to see a person who lived in ancient Japan. To create a basis for future research, the author conducts a source study of the Shōsōin documents as a preparatory stage for their study.

The objectives of the article are to discuss where and why the Shōsōin documents were created; find out how they got into the treasury and how they were stored in it; give their classification, describe the types of documents; find out what happened to them after the conservation of the Shōsōin at the end of the 8th century, how the documents were rediscovered in the Edo period, how and why they were studied in the 19th and 20th centuries; talk about the scholars who were involved in their research, and about the modern study of the Shōsōin documents.
Rewarding Japanese Servicemen With Russian Awards During World War I and the Civil War (1914–1922)
Authors: Grishachev S. V. , Shmakotina Z. A.
Published: January 2025

The period from the end of the Russo-Japanese War to the 1917 October Revolution was a time of political, economic, and cultural rapprochement between Russia and Japan. Moreover, this rapprochement was observed after the events of 1917 for several more years, since, during the Russian Civil War, Japan supported the anti-Bolshevik forces in the Far East.The two countries entered the First World War as de facto allies; this alliance culminated in the Treaty of 1916. Its reflection in symbolic actions was also an element of this cooperation. In the years before the First World War, and, actually, during the war, hundreds of Japanese servicemen were given Russian awards. The article analyzes the composition of military personnel, what awards and for what merits were presented to the members of the Imperial House who did military service, diplomats, generals, as well as fleet admirals and naval officers, engineers, and divers.After October 1917, Japan supported members of the White Movement and Admiral A. V. Kolchak for several more years. In addition, even more active support was provided to Ataman G. M. Semenov. For example, Japanese garrisons were stationed in Transbaikalia starting from the autumn of 1918, when he came to power there. Paradoxically, many Japanese officers and enlisted men were presented with Russian awards during the years of the Civil War, which fact is also confirmed in archival documents.
Japan’s Joining the Tripartite Pact: An Elaborate Strategy or an Opportunistic Solution?
Authors: Streltsov D. V.
Published: January 2025

The article addresses the motivation of Japan to join the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy in 1940. The internal political struggle in Japan on this issue is analyzed, with special emphasis on the positions of the main political forces and, first of all, the Army and Navy factions. The main point of contradiction between them was the question of whether Japan should conclude a pact with Germany in the context of its interests regarding the relations with the three major powers – Great Britain, the USA, and the USSR.According to the author, with the arrival of the second Konoe cabinet, there was a consensus in the Japanese leadership on joining the German-Italian pact. Against the background of Germany’s military victories in Europe and the alleged unwillingness of the United States to curtail the policy of isolationism, Tokyo hoped that this step would fix the division of the spheres of influence of the three powers, within which Japan would receive extensive colonies of European countries in Asia. Japan miscalculated most of the points that led to its decision to join the pact.Japan failed to use the Axis as a means of “neutralizing” the USSR and the USA. Having found itself on the side of Nazi Germany in the outbreak of the World War, Japan lost any, including diplomatic, opportunities to retreat, opposing itself to a much more powerful coalition in economic and military terms, which ultimately led it to disaster. Japan’s calculation on German mediation in achieving JapaneseChinese peace would also be untenable: Chiang Kai-shek rejected any attempts in this direction, seeing through the strategy of Japan and Germany to Vichy-ize the government of the Republic of China.
The Country of Japan in Dainihonkoku Hokkekyō Genki
Authors: Trubnikova N. N.
Published: January 2025

Dainihonkoku Hokkekyō Genki (Records of the Miracles of the Lotus Sūtra in the Great Country of Japan, 1040s), discussing various ways of venerating the most important book of the Buddhist canon, at the same time gives a unique picture of Japan in the mid-Heian era. The ‘Country of Japan’ as the place of accomplishment of the deeds predicted in the Sūtra is mentioned in the remarks of the characters looking at the country from the outside: from China, from the Korean Peninsula, from the world of the gods, from the Dark Road, where judgment is carried out on the dead. The narrator speaks about ‘Japan’ when he notes the beginning of customs new to the country, but known to the rest of the world, dating back to the Lotus Sūtra.The Hokke Genki differs from other Heian texts in its broader geographical coverage, although there is no description of local traditions associated with the Sūtra. The narrator’s attention is focused on Mount Hiei near the capital, where the monks of the Tendai school study the Sūtra, as well as on the famous mountains and shrines where the common veneration of gods and Buddhas is customary. At the same time, the veneration of the Kumano and Mitake mountains already looks well-known, and the Atago caves near the capital, the “hell valley” in the Tachiyama Mountains in the Etch region, and the mountains in the Hōki region are described as if their shrines were still only familiar to few people. Many stories are related to pilgrimage routes, dangerous but promising amazing encounters. The pilgrim’s goal does not seem to be walking the path prescribed in the Sūtra, but rather conveying its teaching (about the ability of every being to become a Buddha) to as many inhabitants of the country as possible.
Education as the Main Factor of Social Mobility in Japan
Authors: Lebedeva I. P.
Published: January 2025

In the modern world, primarily in developed countries, education has become the main factor of intergenerational social mobility. Sociologists judge the degree of openness or rigidity of the social structure by whether the influence of “birth circumstances” on access to education increases or, conversely, softens. Although higher education has become widespread in Japan by now, this does not mean that the degree of social inequality in this area has decreased. Structuring children’s chances of access to higher education along the lines dividing society into different social strata begins here at the stage of schooling – first, in secondary school, and then in high school.The inequality of chances that forms at the stage of school education affects the choice of university rank and directions of specialization by children and their parents, employment opportunities in the future, determining, in fact, the entire life path of a person. Based on the works of famous Japanese sociologists and the data of Japanese statistics, the author shows that the Japanese education system plays a dual role. On the one hand, it provides a chance to break away from one’s social roots and move up the social ladder to an increasing number of young people. On the other hand, it preserves and reproduces social inequality.According to calculations by Japanese sociologists, indicators of relative social mobility, reflecting the ratio of chances to access higher education for people from different backgrounds, were remarkably stable throughout the post-war period. On the one hand, this does not confirm the widely accepted thesis about the growing inequality in education in the last two or three decades. On the other hand, it allows us to assert that both before and now Japanese society is a kakusa shakai, or a gap society. However, the increase of the share of second-generation university degree holders in the structure of Japanese university graduates suggests that the scale of the influence of the factor of social inequality in education will gradually decrease.
The Comparison of the Historical Memory Narratives in Japan and the FRG After the Second World War
Authors: Fokin I. P.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to identifying the similarities and differences in the historical memory of Japan and the FRG after World War II. These issues are a relevant topic for research in the face of the enduring influence of historical grievances on Japan’s relations with its former victims, in contrast to similar relations of Germany. As a theoretical framework, the paper uses O. Malinova’s approach, which interprets historical memory as a product of social construction and a variation of symbolic politics. In addition, the author used the classification of historical memory proposed by M. Dian. In the scope of the study, the author examines the impact of occupation policies on further development of historical memory in the two countries. The paper compares the original content of the main narratives of memory of the past in each country, the main mnemonic actors promoting them, and the evolution of these narratives from the end of the war to the present day.The author also highlights the reasons for the differences in the content and evolution of the narratives in Japan and the FRG. The author concludes that, despite a certain similarity of the occupation policy in the two countries, as well as the formation of two traditions (conservative and left-progressive) in historical memory of each of the countries, its content and evolution are seriously different. In the FRG, the conservative tradition initially included the narratives of self-victimization and amnesia, while the progressive tradition included the narrative of repentance; over the years, however, the traditions have evolved from polarization to a consensus around repentance and elements of self-victimization. In Japan, the conservative tradition initially included glorification of the past in addition to self-victimization, i.e., it was more revisionist, while the progressive tradition focused on self-victimization rather than repentance. Over time, the traditions shifted from a consensus around selfvictimization to a sharp polarization: progressives moved to a repentance narrative, while revisionists gained ground among conservatives.
Keragaman Penyakit pada Bibit Pre Nursery dan Main Nursery Kelapa Sawit di PT. Socfindo Kebun Bangun Bandar, Kec. Dolok Masihul, Kab. Serdang Berdagai Sumatera Utara
Authors: Suryansyah Mhd. Rizky , Himawan Achmad , Kristalisasi Elizabeth Nanik
Published: January 2025

Oil palm productivity is influenced by the availability of quality seeds. One important factor includes making seeds or nurseries. Single stage and double stage are two categories included in the provision of seeds based on type. To evaluate the frequency and severity of disease attacks, this study aims to identify various diseases that attack oil palms in pre nursery and main nursery. From July to August 2024, research was conducted at the Bangun Bandar plantation, North Sumatra Province, in an oil palm nursery area managed by PT. Socfindo. Purposive sampling was used as a survey method. Abiotic diseases (stunted, curly, grass like leaves, curly, and not planted properly) and biotic diseases (leaf spots) are often found in prenurseries. On the other hand, abiotic diseases (stunt, wrinkled leaves, curled leaves, twisted leaves, incompletely opened leaves, twisted leaves and misplanting), biotic diseases (leaf spots) are also often found in the main nursery. In the pre-nursery, leaf spot was the largest percentage of disease attacks (25.50%), but in the main nursery it was 28.55%. At pre nursery, leaf spot disease (9.50%) and the main nursery (11.50%) had the highest level of disease attack severity, both of which were classified as light damage.
PR000-22605-Z03 Standardized Method for Calculating Lost and Unaccounted
Authors: Choquette Gary , Grimley Terrence
Published: January 2025

This report describes the various methods for calculating lost and unaccounted for gas and liquid in measurement accounting systems used in transportation via pipelines. A recommendation is made for a standardized approach. The approach is suitable for entire pipeline systems as well as subsections thereof. A corresponding spreadsheet is provided to provide an independent validation method for existing measurement accounting systems.
Efficacy and safety of pharmacist-led vs. Physician-led anticoagulation care in Saudi hospital
Authors: Muktar Amnah
Published: January 2025

The effective management of thromboembolic disorders heavily rely on oral anticoagulants. Attaining the best control, monitoring, and patient compliance with anticoagulation therapy is crucial for ensuring its safe and effective application. This study sought to compare the efficacy and safety outcome between clinics led by pharmacists and those led by physicians for anticoagulation management. The study evaluated two primary endpoints: the proportion of international normalized ratio values within the target range (%TTR) for warfarin treatment and the appropriateness of DOAC therapy. Secondary endpoints encompassed the percentage of time spent within the preferred INR range, occurrences of significant bleeding, and instances of thrombosis necessitating visits to the emergency department or hospitalisations. The primary endpoints were %TTR for warfarin and the appropriateness of DOAC therapy. Secondary outcomes assessed safety through bleeding and thrombotic events. The pharmacist-led cohort demonstrated a %TTR of 62%, compared to 70% in the physician-led cohort (P=0.073). DOAC therapy showed no significant differences between the groups in terms of indication, dosage, and duration (p=0.527, p=0.555, and p=0.627, respectively). Minor bleeding was significantly higher in the pharmacist-led group (12.3% vs. 2.7%, p<0 p=0.004),>
Entrelazamiento de los ámbitos doméstico y laboral a lo largo de la vida en las ciudades de México y Buenos Aires
Authors: Martínez Salgado Mario , Ferraris Sabrina A.
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar cómo se combinan las trayectorias familiares y de trabajo (remunerado y no remunerado) de las mujeres y los hombres de las ciudades de México y Buenos Aires. Con un enfoque de curso de vida, nos interesa destacar en particular la impronta de las desigualdades de género y origen social. Con este propósito, utilizamos los datos de la Encuesta Demográfica Retrospectiva de 2017 realizada en Ciudad de México y de la Encuesta Demográfica Retrospectiva de 2019 realizada en Ciudad de Buenos Aires, y aplicamos para cada una un análisis de secuencias multidimensional, con el fin de construir una tipología de trayectorias de vida que entrelazan las dimensiones de familia y trabajo. Los resultados dejan ver que en las dos ciudades se mantienen las desigualdades de género, aunque estas se manifiestan de diversos modos. En Ciudad de México las trayectorias siguen una distribución de roles más tradicional («hombre proveedor» y «mujer ama de casa»), y en Ciudad de Buenos Aires esto se observa en la predominancia de mujeres que inician tempranamente la formación de una familia, lo que se combina en casi todos los casos con una doble carga de trabajo.
March 8, 2019: A snapshot of new participants in the feminist mobilisation
Authors: Aurrekoetxea-Casaus Maite
Published: January 2025

This article explores a “new feminist subject” in the context of the mobilisation for Women’s Day (8 March 2019) in the city of Bilbao. Through a convergent quantitative–qualitative design methodology, issues relating to feminist identity and elements connected to neoliberalism that make up the feminist movement were addressed. The objective was to detect the new elements or nuances of neoliberal ideology that converge in the identity of the women who participated in the social protests and organisations linked to feminism. Among the participants in the M8 protests, the existence of new neoliberal indicators in women who call themselves feminists is verified. This article’s contribution is thus essential to understand the current establishment and explosion of feminist activism and the ideological overtones of new participants in feminist activism. Future research will shed light on the persistence or consolidation of this neoliberal drift in the feminist movement.
Una mancha en el cuello
Authors: López Serrano María Ascensión , Gallego Prieto Guillermo
Published: January 2025

En dermatoscopia, el «método diagnóstico en dos etapas» es muy útil para interpretar la información de las lesiones cutáneas pigmentadas. La primera etapa determina si se trata de una lesión melanocítica o no melanocítica.
El carcinoma basocelular (CBC), tumor cutáneo maligno más frecuente especialmente en mayores de 65 años con antecedentes de exposición solar crónica, es un tipo de lesión no melanocítica. Clínicamente, se describen seis patrones: nodular, superficial, pigmentado, esclerodermiforme, ulcus rodens y fibroepitelioma de Pinkus.
La imagen dermatoscópica de los CBC del tipo «no pigmentados», como las imágenes del caso presentado, se caracteriza por ausencia de retículo pigmentado y al menos uno de los siguientes criterios: nidos grandes ovoides azul-grisáceos, glóbulos múltiples azul-grisáceos, áreas en hoja de arce (estructuras altamente específicas), estructuras en rueda de carro, telangiectasias arboriformes y ulceración. Un examen dermatoscópico realizado por el médico de Atención Primaria puede facilitar la detección de lesiones muy incipientes e incidir significativamente en el tratamiento y el pronóstico.
La prescripción off label
Authors: Azaustre Lago Estela , Armenteros Gil Cristina , Aldecoa Landesa Susana
Published: January 2025

La prescripción off-label se refiere al uso de medicamentos fuera de las indicaciones aprobadas por las agencias regulatorias, ya sea para enfermedades no especificadas, dosificaciones no autorizadas, o grupos de población como niños o ancianos. Aunque es una práctica común, frecuentemente carece de evidencia científica sólida y supone riesgos elevados. Esta situación ocurre debido a la falta de ensayos clínicos en poblaciones vulnerables y al interés comercial limitado en ciertas indicaciones. En España, un 56% del uso de gabapentinoides es off-label, mientras que en Canadá y EE. UU. estas prácticas representan entre el 21% y el 29% de las prescripciones generales. La normativa vigente en España regula esta práctica como excepcional, y exige justificación y consentimiento del paciente, aunque esto no siempre se cumple. A pesar de su utilidad en contextos específicos, se subraya la necesidad de más estudios en poblaciones vulnerables y una mayor concienciación sobre los riesgos asociados y costes generados.
Assistência Farmacêutica no Manejo do Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional: uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura
Authors: Lobato Jonatas dos Santos , Negrão Joycellen Rodrigues , Santos Rivane Mielem Santos dos , Thiago Allan Carlos da Silva
Published: January 2025

O farmacêutico possui um papel fundamental no monitoramento do uso racional de medicamentos. Neste sentido, torna-se um profissional essencial no acompanhamento de pacientes portadoras de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Visando isso, esta revisão de literatura reportou sobre a assistência farmacêutica para pacientes com DMG. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca ativa por artigos publicados, em português e inglês, durante o período de 2019 a 2024, em diferentes bancos de dados. Foram selecionados seis artigos pertinentes para esta revisão, dos quais foram extraídas as informações importantes para gerar quadros para melhor descrição e compreensão dos dados. Os resultados indicaram uma escassez de artigos recentes que versavam diretamente sobre a assistência farmacêutica para com as gestantes com DMG, durante o recorte temporal em questão. Tal assistência, com base nos seis artigos, consistiu na dispensação de medicamentos antidiabéticos; aconselhamento sobre mudanças no estilo de vida, com presença ou ausência de tratamento suplementar com fármacos; Serviço de Gerenciamento de Terapia Medicamentosa; e uso de aplicativo de smartphone liderado por farmacêutico clínico para melhor gestão na terapia medicamentosa. Com base nisso, reforça-se a necessidade de maiores investimentos na pesquisa científica sobre o potencial do farmacêutico no acompanhamento e tratamento de doenças metabólicas, como a DMG, assim como incentivo a esses profissionais para que possam desempenhar suas atribuições com qualidade.
Mulita: um estudo sobre sua estrutura, síntese e formação
Authors: Silva Amanda Cristina Medeiros da , Brito Carlos Eduardo Costa , Gonçalves Mayara Machado , Pinheiro Joana Cláudia Zandonadi , Silva Luanda Zarria Morais Jabour , Lima Luênia Resende , Santos Neto João Paixão dos , Souza Gislleny Heloisa Silva , Oliveira Maria Maísa Rodrigues de , Silva Claudete Rosa da , Silva Ayres Fran da Silva e , Silva José Nilton da , Silva Vicente Filho Alves , Campos Pedro Silvestre da Silva , Silva Priscilla Andrade
Published: January 2025

A mulita, ou silicato de alumínio (Al6Si2O13​), é um mineral amplamente estudado por sua importância em aplicações industriais e científicas, especialmente na ciência de materiais e na engenharia de cerâmicas. É um dos principais componentes das cerâmicas refratárias devido à sua alta estabilidade térmica e resistência mecânica. O objetivo do referido estudo foi entender o que norteia a estrutura, síntese e formação da mulita a partir da bauxita e caulim. O trabalho propõe uma revisão bilbiográgfica de literatura, por meio de uma busca realizada nas plataformas SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Web of Science e ScienceDirect. Dos artigos selecionados para o estudo, verificou-se contribuições científicas destacando que a mulita é um mineral e material cerâmico de destaque, conhecido por sua alta estabilidade térmica, resistência mecânica e baixa condutividade térmica. Na natureza, é rara, formada em condições extremas de temperatura e pressão, como em rochas vulcânicas ou metamórficas. Artificialmente, pode ser sintetizada por reações entre alumina e sílica a altas temperaturas (>1400°C), ou por métodos químicos como sol-gel e processos hidrotermais. Suas principais aplicações incluem cerâmicas refratárias para fornos, materiais compostos e isolantes elétricos, destacando-se como um material estratégico em tecnologias industriais de alto desempenho.