bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modell der Recyclingfähigkeit auf Bauteilebene
Authors: Ebert Samuel , Ott Stephan , Krause Karina , Hafner Annette , Krechel Marco
Published: February 2020

Eine konsistente Kreislaufführung der zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen ist eine der großen Herausforderungen für das Bauen in der Zukunft. Dieser Aufsatz liefert einen Beitrag hinsichtlich der Diskussion und Weiterentwicklung der Recyclingfähigkeit im Bauwesen. Es wird ein Modell vorgestellt, das über die reine Betrachtung von Baustoffen hinausgeht und die Recyclingfähigkeit von bestehenden oder neu zu errichtenden Baukonstruktionen insgesamt beschreibt. Auf diese Weise rücken Aspekte der Fügung und Lösbarkeit der einzelnen Baustoffe sowie Errichtungs‐ und Rückbauprozesse in den Vordergrund. Bei der Entwicklung des Modells wurde darauf geachtet, dass seine Struktur kompatibel ist mit bestehenden Klassifizierungen und Kategorien und an bestehende Rahmenbedingungen und Methoden anknüpft. Das Modell bietet mittelfristig eine Grundlage für eine ganzheitliche Entwicklung und Diskussion der Kreislaufführung im Bauwesen und soll langfristig einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung eines Nachweisverfahrens zur Abbildung einer nachhaltigen Nutzung natürlicher Ressourcen liefern.
Childhood sexual abuse predicts treatment outcome in conversion disorder/functional neurological disorder. An observational longitudinal study
Authors: Van der Feltz‐Cornelis Christina M. , Allen Sarah F. , Van Eck van der Sluijs Jonna F.
Published: February 2020

Objective

Explore trauma, stress, and other predictive factors for treatment outcome in conversion disorder/functional neurological disorder (CD/FND).

Methods

Prospective observational design. Clinical cohort study among consecutive outpatients with DSM‐IV CD/FND in a specialized mental health institution for somatic symptom disorders and related disorders (SSRD), presented between 1 February 2010 and 31 December 2017. Patient files were assessed for early childhood trauma, childhood sexual abuse, current stress, and other predictive factors. Patient‐related routine outcome monitoring (PROM) data were evaluated for treatment outcome at physical (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ15], Physical Symptoms Questionnaire [PSQ]) level as primary outcome, and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ9]), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder [GAD7]), general functioning (Short Form 36 Health Survey [SF36]), and pain (Brief Pain Inventory [BPI]) as secondary outcome.

Results

A total of 64 outpatients were included in the study. 70.3% of the sample reported childhood trauma and 64.1% a recent life event. Mean scores of patients proceeding to treatment improved. Sexual abuse in childhood (F(1, 28) = 30.068,β = 0.608p < .001) was significantly associated with worse physical (PHQ15, PSQ) treatment outcome. 42.2% reported comorbid depression, and this was significantly associated with worse concomitant depressive (PHQ9) (F[1, 39] = 11.526,β = 0.478,p = .002) and anxiety (GAD7) (F[1,34] = 7.950,β = 0.435,p = .008) outcome.

Conclusion

Childhood sexual abuse is significantly associated with poor treatment outcome in CD/FND. Randomized clinical trials evaluating treatment models addressing childhood sexual abuse in CD are needed.
SSRIs vs. SNRIs for anxiety and OCD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2020

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have greater adverse event (AE)–related discontinuation of treatment than serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in the treatment of pediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders. And SSRIs are more likely than SNRIs to produce “activation” (restlessness). They're better than SNRIs for anxiety, but for youths who are activated by SSRIs, clinicians should consider SNRIs, which have a lower risk of activation, researchers have found in a meta‐analysis published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
Advanced Surface of Fibrous Activated Carbon Immobilized with FeO/TiO2 for Photocatalytic Evolution of Hydrogen under Visible Light
Authors: Sharma Ajit , Thuan Doan Van , Pham Thanh-Dong , Tung Mai Hung Thanh , Truc Nguyen Thi Thanh , Vo Dai-Viet N.
Published: February 2020

FeO‐doped TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalysts were immobilized onto the surface of fibrous activated carbon (ACF) via a sol‐gel process. As an adsorbent and photocatalyst, FeO‐TiO2 on immobilized ACFs (FeO‐TiO2/ACF) greatly improved the photocatalysis rate of hydrogen production as compared with pure TiO2 and ACF‐TiO2 under UV irradiation and visible light. The addition of ACFs surface significantly reduced the photogenerated pairs of electrons‐hole recombination, thereby promoting the photocatalysis action of doped photo‐metal oxides of FeO‐TiO2. Co‐doping of FeO onto the lattice of the TiO2 approach can improve the absorption activity of visible light through photo‐metal oxide of TiO2 and further enhance hydrogen production under visible light. The photocatalytic fabrics (FeO‐TiO2/ACF) were effortlessly split out from the experimental solution for re‐utilization and exhibited high stability even after five complete regeneration cycles.
Sr3P3N7: Complementary Approach by Ammonothermal and High‐Pressure Syntheses
Authors: Mallmann Mathias , Wendl Sebastian , Strobel Philipp , Schmidt Peter J. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: February 2020

Nitridophosphates exhibit an intriguing structural diversity with different structural motifs, for example, chains, layers or frameworks. In this contribution the novel nitridophosphate Sr3P3N7 with unprecedented dreier double chains is presented. Crystalline powders were synthesized using the ammonothermal method, while single crystals were obtained by a high‐pressure multianvil technique. The crystal structure of Sr3P3N7 was solved and refined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and confirmed by powder X‐ray methods. Sr3P3N7 crystallizes in monoclinic space group P2/c. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray and Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy were conducted to confirm the chemical composition, as well as the absence of NHx functionality. The optical band gap was estimated to be 4.4 eV using diffuse reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy. Upon doping with Eu2+, Sr3P3N7 shows a broad deep‐red to infrared emission (λem=681 nm, fwhm≈3402 cm−1) with an internal quantum efficiency of 42 %.
Durchgangswiderstand von partikulären Systemen
Authors: Teipel Ulrich , Wolf Sebastian , Schreiber Alex
Published: February 2020

Die elektrischen Eigenschaften von Partikeln insbesondere der Durchgangswiderstand von Partikelschüttungen haben in vielen verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen, bei der Produktqualifizierung oder dem Brand‐ und Explosionsschutz eine entscheidende Bedeutung. Da sich der Ladungstransport in einem dispersen System von dem in einem homogenen Festkörper unterscheidet, ist der Durchgangswiderstand entscheidend von den Produkteigenschaften der Partikel und des Fluids abhängig. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die Abhängigkeit des Durchgangswiderstandes von der inneren Struktur der Schüttung, der relativen Feuchtigkeit, der Konditionierungszeit bei unterschiedlichem Klima und der mittleren Partikelgröße in einer konzentrischen Messzelle untersucht.
Investigating seasonal color change in the environment by color analysis and information visualization
Authors: Yang Muhe
Published: February 2020

Color, as one of the most important dimensions of vision, plays a key role in place identity and people's experience in the environment. This study aims to investigate people's visual experience of seasonal color change in the environment, and proposes an approach for analyzing and communicating environmental colors by combining color analysis and information visualization. Employing crowdsourced Flickr photos, the approach is tested in four gardens: the Humble Administrator's Garden, Ryoanji, the Garden of Versailles, and Central Park in New York. The results show direct comparisons of seasonal color change patterns in different environments, and reflect characteristics of the environments as well as people's experience of color during the four seasons. The primary contribution of this study is to provide a way of communicating colors in landscape design and color research.
Experience and future perspectives on the use of the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology Terminology System for reporting pancreaticobiliary cytology
Authors: Saieg Mauro , Pitman Martha B.
Published: February 2020

The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology developed a set of guidelines for reporting pancreaticobiliary cytology in 2014 (PB System), with a six‐tiered system: Nondiagnostic, Negative, Atypical, Neoplastic (Benign or Other), Suspicious, and Positive. This proposed scheme incorporates ancillary testing such as biochemical testing of cyst fluids for diagnosis and provides terminology that standardizes the category of the various diseases of the pancreas, some of which are difficult to diagnose specifically by cytology alone. Since its initial publication five and half years ago, several groups have published their experiences on the use of the PB System and have shown that most objectives proposed by the original publication have been achieved. They have shown that there is a better understanding and definition of the diagnostic categories with an associated distribution and risk of malignancy. The diagnostic categories of Neoplastic: Other, Suspicious, and Malignant show a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malignancy. The System also provides a multi‐specialist view of pancreatic lesions, with biochemical and radiological findings being incorporated into the final pathological report. The present review summarizes these findings and discusses the future perspectives and foreseen changes that are to be incorporated to a second edition of the reporting System.
Diagnostic accuracy of molecular testing with three molecular markers on thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology with abnormal category
Authors: Seneldir Hatice , Kir Gozde , Soylemez Tuce , Girgin Rabia B. , Ozbay Nurver , Ozen Filiz , Ankarali Handan , Bas Gurhan , Alimoglu Orhan
Published: February 2020

Background

Cases with abnormal category, determined by thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), frequently undergo surgical resection, despite the majority of cases being identified as benign after resection. Additional diagnostic markers are needed to guide the management of patients with abnormal thyroid nodules.

Materials and Methods

The retrospective study enrolled 150 cases diagnosed abnormal by FNA cytology that had undergone molecular testing with three markers (BRAF V600E, NRAS, and KRAS) on the cell block. Seventy‐one cases had a surgical follow‐up.

Results

When NIFTP is not considered as malignant, positive predictive values (PPVs) of cytology and combined cytology and molecular testing (CC‐MT) were 67.6% (95% CI: 0.555‐0.782) and 89.2% (95% CI: 0.746‐0.970) (P = .004), respectively. The sensitivity of the CC‐MT was 68.8%, specificity was 82.5%, and the false‐positive rate was 17.4%. When NIFTP is considered as malignant, PPVs of cytology and CC‐MT were 83.1% (95% CI: 0.743‐0.918) and 94.6% (95% CI: 0.873‐1.018) (P = .047), respectively. The sensitivity of the CC‐MT was 59.3%, specificity was 83.3%, and the false‐positive rate was 16.7%.

Conclusion

The addition of molecular testing with a small panel to FNA cytology may increase the PPV of cytology in abnormal categories. Small panel (BRAF V600E, KRAS, and NRAS) with high specificity and high PPVs may be used particularly for the detection of thyroid malignancy. Cell blocks can be an especially useful and straightforward method for molecular diagnostic studies.
Sperm storage reduces the strength of the mate‐finding Allee effect
Authors: Jiménez‐Franco María V. , Giménez Andrés , Rodríguez‐Caro Roberto C. , Sanz‐Aguilar Ana , Botella Francisco , Anadón José D. , Wiegand Thorsten , Graciá Eva
Published: February 2020

Mate searching is a key component of sexual reproduction that can have important implications for population viability, especially for the mate‐finding Allee effect. Interannual sperm storage by females may be an adaptation that potentially attenuates mate limitation, but the demographic consequences of this functional trait have not been studied. Our goal is to assess the effect of female sperm storage durability on the strength of the mate‐finding Allee effect and the viability of populations subject to low population density and habitat alteration. We used an individual‐based simulation model that incorporates realistic representations of the demographic and spatial processes of our model species, the spur‐thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca). This allowed for a detailed assessment of reproductive rates, population growth rates, and extinction probabilities. We also studied the relationship between the number of reproductive males and the reproductive rates for scenarios combining different levels of sperm storage durability, initial population density, and landscape alteration. Our results showed that simulated populations parameterized with the field‐observed demographic rates collapsed for short sperm storage durability, but were viable for a durability of one year or longer. In contrast, the simulated populations with a low initial density were only viable in human‐altered landscapes for sperm storage durability of 4 years. We find that sperm storage is an effective mechanism that can reduce the strength of the mate‐finding Allee effect and contribute to the persistence of low‐density populations. Our study highlights the key role of sperm storage in the dynamics of species with limited movement ability to facilitate reproduction in patchy landscapes or during population expansion. This study represents the first quantification of the effect of sperm storage durability on population dynamics in different landscapes and population scenarios.
Synthetic Routes to Extended Polyconjugated Structures
Authors: Punzi Angela , Babudri Francesco , Farinola Gianluca M.
Published: February 2020

This review covers our recent contribution on the synthesis of extended polyconjugated compounds, such as conjugated polymers and small molecules. The synthetic strategies developed in our research group are mainly based on palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions involving a variety of organometallic intermediates as well as on direct arylation reactions via C–H functionalization. This report is organized according to the synthetic methods used (coupling of unsaturated organosilanes, Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling, Stille cross‐coupling, direct arylation) and the typologies of the structures synthesized (polymers, small molecules).
Application of antagonist Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7 against Botrytis cinerea in postharvest Red Globe grapes
Authors: Zhou Qingxin , Fu Maorun , Xu Minhui , Chen Xiangyan , Qiu Jiying , Wang Fengli , Yan Ran , Wang Junhua , Zhao Shuangzhi , Xin Xue , Chen Leilei
Published: February 2020

We investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7 against the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in the postharvest Red Globe grapes. The disease incidence, lesion diameter, decay index, and some resistance‐related enzymes were evaluated. The antioxidant capacity of grape treated with 1 × 104 CFU/ml B. cinerea alone and combined with 1 × 107 CFU/ml NCPSJ7 was also determined. The results showed that NCPSJ7 + B. cinerea reduced the disease incidence, lesion diameter, and decay index of postharvest grapes and enhanced the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, chitinase, and β‐1,3‐glucanase during different storage periods. Furthermore, the oxidative resistance, demonstrated by an escalating trend in the total phenolic content, DPPH free radical clearance rate, reducing power, and superoxide anion clearance rate after lesion presence, was improved. However, NCPSJ7 showed an inhibitory effect on gray mold, but resulted in the reduced antioxidant capacity in the grapes.
Petrogenetic aspects and role of liquid immiscibility from parts of eastern Deccan volcanic province, India
Authors: Dey Payel , Ray Jyotisankar , Pandit Dinesh , Koeberl Christian , Ganguly Sohini , Chakraborty Sounak , Ghosh Mehuli , Ray Indu
Published: February 2020

One atmosphere experimental studies have been conducted on two amygdule‐free representative samples from Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, Central India, belonging to Eastern Deccan Volcanic province in order to understand mineral petrogenesis, crystallization history of the parent magma and role of liquid immiscibility. One atm experiments were carried out on these two samples at specified temperatures on designated time in order to understand crystallization history. The run products were identified both by optical means and electron microprobe analysis. The identified run products include pyroxenes, feldspar, opaques phase (oxide and sulphide), silica phases, and glass (both brown and colourless variety). The run product pyroxenes belong to quadrilateral pyroxene, and species‐wise correspond to augite, clinoenstatite, and pigeonite. Feldspars in majority are found to be anorthoclase (which are interpreted to have been formed during sudden crystallization in contact with water at shallow depth during experiments) and less commonly calcic plagioclase (in the range of labradorite to anorthite). Opaque phases have both oxide and sulphide, namely hematite, magnetite, martite, and pyrite, respectively. The zoned nature between the oxide and sulphide phases is suggestive of oscillation of oxygen fugacity during crystallization. The run product silica phase corresponds to tridymite. The silica‐rich glass (colourless) is overwhelmingly dominant, whereas silica‐poor glass (brown glass) is a manifestation of liquid immiscibility. The silica‐rich glasses give rise to direct crystallization of tridymite, whereas silica‐poor glasses act as the main driving liquid (or parent liquid) to further the crystallization towards lower temperature. The crystallization behaviour of the parent magma, and liquid immiscibility can be well documented with reference to forsterite‐silica phase diagram; in this phase diagram, the parent liquid corresponds to normative Qtz: 2.542, Fo: 0.098, and En: 0.34. The ambient parent liquid plots very close to Ab apex with reference to the Di‐Ab‐An phase diagram. The clear and distinct zonation pattern present in the opaque phases signifies that crystallization straddles between both oxidizing and reducing condition yielding crystallization of both oxide and sulphide phases. Our study indicates a unique role of liquid immiscibility of the parent magma supplemented by oscillation of oxidizing and reducing conditions giving rise to ensemble of variety of glass compositions, silicate, and opaque phases.
Individualized prediction of late‐onset dysphagia in head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Aylward Alana , Park Jihye , Abdelaziz Sarah , Hunt Jason P. , Buchmann Luke O. , Cannon Richard B. , Rowe Kerry , Snyder John , Deshmukh Vikrant , Newman Michael , Wan Yuan , Fraser Alison , Smith Ken , Lloyd Shane , Hitchcock Ying , Hashibe Mia , Monroe Marcus M.
Published: February 2020

Background

Limited data exist regarding which head and head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors will suffer from long‐term dysphagia.

Methods

From a population‐based cohort of 1901 Utah residents with HNC and ≥3 years follow‐up, we determined hazard ratio for dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, or gastrostomy associated with various risk factors. We tested prediction models with combinations of factors and then assessed discrimination of our final model.

Results

Cancer site in the hypopharynx, advanced tumor classification, chemoradiation, preexisting dysphagia, stroke, dementia, esophagitis, esophageal spasm, esophageal stricture, gastroesophageal reflux, thrush, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were associated with increased risk of long‐term dysphagia. Our final prediction tool gives personalized risk calculation for diagnosis of dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, or gastrostomy tube placement at 5, 10, and 15 years after HNC based on 18 factors.

Conclusion

We developed a clinically useful risk prediction tool to identify HNC survivors most at risk for dysphagia.
The value of implementation frameworks: Using the active implementation frameworks to guide system‐wide implementation of Collaborative Problem Solving
Authors: Pollastri Alisha R. , Wang Lu , Youn Soo Jeong , Ablon J. Stuart , Marques Luana
Published: February 2020

In the last decade, many implementation frameworks have emerged that consolidate the research on implementation science, guiding purveyors and service agencies in improving implementation of evidence‐based practices (EBPs). In this paper, we describe how the purveyor of one EBP utilized the active implementation frameworks (AIFs) to define and standardize strategies for site‐wide implementation. We illustrate what implementation looked like before and after using AIFs to understand implementation, as well as some ways in which using the AIFs helped the purveyor identify, and then overcome, barriers to implementation. This paper provides a model for others who seek to use AIFs to guide their implementation practices, or more broadly, an illustration of how to use any implementation framework to ensure best practices in implementation.
Overexpression of cyclin A1 promotes meiotic resumption but induces premature chromosome separation in mouse oocyte
Authors: Li Jian , Dong Feng , Ouyang Ying‐Chun , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Qian Wei‐Ping
Published: February 2020

Mammalian cyclin A1 is prominently expressed in testis and essential for meiosis in the male mouse, however, it shows weak expression in ovary, especially during oocyte maturation. To understand why cyclin A1 behaves in this way in the oocyte, we investigated the effect of cyclin A1 overexpression on mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Our results revealed that cyclin A1 overexpression triggered meiotic resumption even in the presence of germinal vesicle breakdown inhibitor, milrinone. Nevertheless, the cyclin A1‐overexpressed oocytes failed to extrude the first polar body but were completely arrested at metaphase I. Consequently, cyclin A1 overexpression destroyed the spindle morphology and chromosome alignment by inducing premature separation of chromosomes and sister chromatids. Therefore, cyclin A1 overexpression will prevent oocyte maturation although it can promote meiotic resumption. All these results show that decreased expression of cyclin A1 in oocytes may have an evolutional significance to keep long‐lasting prophase arrest and orderly chromosome separation during oocyte meiotic maturation.
Fat‐to‐muscle ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults
Authors: Seo Young‐Gyun , Song Hong Ji , Song Young Rim
Published: February 2020

Background

The present study evaluated the associations of the fat‐to‐muscle ratio (FMR) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) in Korean adults using nationally representative survey data.

Methods

A two‐stage stratified sampling method was reflected in a cross‐sectional study involving a total of 13 032 participants aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA‐IR) was used to evaluate IR and was calculated as follows: [fasting plasma glucose level (mg/dL) × fasting plasma insulin level (uIU/mL)]/405. MetS was defined using the 2006 International Diabetes Federation criteria, and FMR was measured using whole‐body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and calculated as follows: total fat mass (kg) divided by total lean mass (kg). In addition, the optimal FMR cut‐off values for detecting MetS and the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS risk were determined according to the FMR quartile and sex.

Results

Among all participants, the proportion of women was 58.4%, and the mean age was 44.22 ± 0.26 years. The FMR significantly differed between men and women (0.30 ± 0.002 vs. 0.53 ± 0.003, respectively, P < 0.001), and the prevalence of MetS and IR gradually increased as FMR increased (P for trend: <0.001). The optimal FMR cut‐off value for detecting MetS was higher in women than in men (0.555 vs. 0.336, respectively). The negative predictive value was the highest in normal‐weight participants (0.9992 in women and 0.9986 in men), while the positive predictive value was the highest in obese participants (0.5994 in women and 0.5428 in men). Based on the derived cut‐off FMR, a high FMR was associated with poor outcomes in terms of cardiometabolic risk markers (P < 0.001). The multivariable‐adjusted ORs for MetS, abdominal obesity, and IR (HOMA‐IR ≥ 3) were 5.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.39–6.52], 7.67 (95% CI: 6.33–9.30), and 3.25 (95% CI: 2.70–3.92), respectively, in men and 5.59 (95% CI: 4.66–6.72), 7.48 (95% CI: 6.35–8.82), and 2.55 (95% CI: 2.17–3.00), respectively, in women.

Conclusions

In the present study, a high FMR was significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS and IR. The present findings also showed that FMR can be a novel indicator for detecting the absence or presence of MetS, particularly in metabolically healthy normal‐weight individuals and metabolically obese obese‐weight individuals.
A green approach for treatment of wastewater with manganese using wood ash
Authors: Mosoarca Giannin , Vancea Cosmin , Popa Simona , Boran Sorina , Tanasie Cristian
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

In the circular economy context, the present article proposes a green technical solution by manganese ions adsorption on oak wood ash and the reuse of the new waste generated by the adsorption process as soil amendment.

RESULTS

The influence of the main process variables: pH, adsorbent dose and contact time was investigated for optimal manganese ions adsorption. The highest adsorption efficiency of the wood ash (more than 98%) was recorded at pH 6, adsorbent dose of 10 g L−1 and contact time 15 min. The ion adsorption process is best described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second‐order kinetic model. Maximum adsorption capacity, 54.94 mg g−1, is better than other adsorbent materials previously used for manganese adsorption. The exhausted wood ash, resulted after the manganese adsorption was used as soil amendment for barley crop, Hordeum vulgare L. The beneficial effect upon the studied plants was highlighted using the specific parameters: germination percent (up to 10% higher), plant average length (higher by 14–35%), biomass (up to 200%) and relative growth rate (higher by 6–12%) compared to those obtained for the control sample.

CONCLUSION

These results show that all the wastes involved have been used successfully and support the proposed eco‐friendly technical solution for some industrial wastes management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Person or thing oriented: A comparative study of individual differences of first‐year engineering students and practitioners
Authors: Bairaktarova Diana N. , Pilotte Mary K.
Published: February 2020

Background

Engineering practice is meant to advance the human condition, yet curricula do not appear to fully promote the human‐centered philosophy of engineering in implementation. The educational system may inadvertently signal to students that engineering is a career choice better suited for those preferring to work with things rather than people. This framing of the profession prompts questions regarding student interests when compared to those of practicing engineers and how such interests become concrete through education and introduction into the profession.

Purpose/Hypothesis

We compare engineering students' and practitioners' interest in working with people or things in their environment. We examine gender differences for each sample.

Design/Methods

Multiple analysis of variance was used to examine the samples of practicing engineers (n = 339) and first‐year engineering students (n= 383). A multiple‐group confirmatory factor analysis provides evidence of measurement invariance and justifies the use of the person–thing orientation (PO–TO) scale structure for both samples.

Results

Detailed PO values reveal that students' PO scores (n = 383, M = 3.313) are more than one and a half points lower than practicing engineer counterparts examined (n = 339, M = 4.836). However, no significant difference between practicing engineers and students was found for TO. Further, statistically significant differences in PO and TO were found between male and female participants within both samples, students and practicing engineers.

Conclusions

Differences detected in PO and TO across the samples suggest possible environmental factors influencing student perspectives of the engineering profession. This condition may inadvertently discourage more diverse students from pursuing engineering.
Perirectal abscess with dysuria
Authors: Fukuzako Satoshi , Maeda Hidehito , Koyoshi Naohiro , Fujita Hiroshi , Kuroki Hideyuki , Uemura Shinichiro , Hanada Norihisa , Urakado Tadahito , Ido Akio
Published: February 2020

Perirectal abscesses often occur in the dorsal portion of the perirectal tissues. We report a patient who presented with fever, pain on defecation, and dysuria. He was found to have a perirectal abscess in the anterior perineum pressing on the urethra. After emergency surgery to drain the abscess, the symptoms improved.
An efficient synthesis of 9‐anthrone lactone derivatives via the Knoevenagel condensation and intramolecular cyclization
Authors: Tan Weiqiang , Zheng Jifang , Guan Jing , Zhan Xiuzhi , Gao Liming , Lyu Lili , Shan Bin , Yang Qipeng , Ma Mingliang , Xia Yan
Published: February 2020

One‐step synthesis of 9‐anthrone lactone derivatives from 1‐acetyloxyanthraquinone with a variety of dicarbonyl substrates in the presence of K2CO3 by Knovenagel condensation and intramolecular cyclization is developed. Possible reaction mechanisms have been investigated using the density functional theory (DFT), which has been widely used in the study of reaction mechanism. The strategy could be useful for the synthesis of the core structure of marine natural product aspergiolide.
Defining Typical Acetaminophen and Narcotic Usage in the Postoperative Rhinoplasty Patient
Authors: Justicz Natalie , Gadkaree Shekhar K. , Yamasaki Alisa , Lindsay Robin W.
Published: February 2020

Objective

To characterize the acetaminophen and narcotic use pattern of the postoperative rhinoplasty patient. To describe a pain level and pain medication usage pattern of the typical post‐rhinoplasty patient and identify demographic considerations.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study at a tertiary care center.

Methods

Rhinoplasty patients were given standardized perioperative pain instructions and narcotic medication (18 tabs oxycodone) along with a pain medication use survey. Postoperatively, survey and tracking information was collected regarding narcotic and acetaminophen use at their first postoperative appointment. Patients were asked about non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, aspirin, and chronic opioid use. Narcotic and acetaminophen use along pain levels (1–10) at time of use were recorded by patients at 4‐hour increments postoperatively until their first postoperative visit.

Results

Pain medication usage (oxycodone and acetaminophen) peaked on (postoperative day 1) POD1. Pain was significantly higher in younger patients (30 years old or younger), female patients, and primary rhinoplasty patients. Pain was correlated with acetaminophen and oxycodone use for women, and acetaminophen used for men. Autologous rib grafting was not correlated with higher narcotic use.

Conclusion

Describing a pain medication usage pattern for the typical post‐rhinoplasty patient provides both patients and clinicians important knowledge of postoperative pain expectations and has the potential to reduce both the amount of narcotic prescribed by providers and the amount of narcotic used by patients.

Level of Evidence

4 (Case Series) Laryngoscope, 131:48–53, 2021
Noise Exposure on the London Underground, an Observational Study over a Decade
Authors: Singh T , Biggs Timothy , Crossley Eleanor , Faoury Morad , Mahmood Abid , Salamat Ali , Patterson Tom , Jayakody Nimeshi , Dando Alexander , Sipaul Fabian , Marinakis Konstantinos , Sudhoff Holger , Brown Phillip
Published: February 2020

Objectives

There are no hearing protection regulations in place for passengers using public transport, such as the London Underground. In light of this, we sought to examine sound pressure levels experienced by regular users of the London Underground.

Methods

Sound pressure levels (A‐weighted decibels: dBA) were taken on moving London Underground carriages between Euston and South Wimbledon on the Northern Line, and between Euston and Vauxhall on the Victoria Line, during 2006 and 2018. In addition, carriage sound pressure levels travelling within Zone 1 of the London Underground were tested in 2019. Three experimental and three technical repeats were undertaken using a hand‐held calibrated multi‐function sound level meter.

Results

Passengers are routinely and consistently subjected to sound pressure levels exceeding 80 dBA, with levels sometimes reaching over 100 dBA.

Conclusion

This study is unique within the literature, with no published studies outlining exposure levels for London Underground passengers. It provides evidence of elevated noise exposure to passengers, consistently along large stretches of the London Underground, over a prolonged study period (2006–2019).

Key Words

Sensorineural hearing losssound pressureexposureLondonundergroundtube.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 2020
Bioactive components, in vitro digestibility, microstructure and application of soybean residue (okara): a review
Authors: Kamble Dinkar B. , Rani Savita
Published: February 2020

Okara is a by‐product of soymilk production with a rich nutritional profile, particularly in proteins, fibers, lipids, and bioactive components. Okara has the potential for value‐added production and utilization—choices that, at the same time, deliver on the promise of increased economic advantages along with a reduction in environmental pollution. Research on bioactive constituents, in vitro digestibility and structural aspects (microstructure and infrared spectroscopy) suggests its potential as an ingredient with high bioactive components and digestibility score, along with varied structural strength, which may be of great importance to the food industry while developing new products with okara integration. Further, various food formulations made from the addition of okara flour also suggested the potential of this low‐cost waste ingredient to enhance the nutritional value and address the various health‐related issues such as obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia diseases. Therefore, this mini review summarizes the existing literature with a view to establish an extensive knowledge base for the composition and utilization of okara. In addition, structural and digestibility aspects of okara are also highlighted as they may determine the quality and acceptability of the product.
Fast Oxygen Scavenging of Macroporous Poly(Norbornadiene) Prepared by Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Vakalopoulou Efthymia , Borisov Sergey M. , Slugovc Christian
Published: February 2020

Emulsion templated norbornadiene is cured via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization yielding macroporous poly(norbornadiene) foams of 76% porosity exhibiting appealing stiffness combined with considerable ductility. The foams are readily oxidized in the presence of air at room temperature exhibiting an oxygen uptake capacity of more than 300 mg O2 g−1 foam. In closed volumes of air, a final oxygen level of a maximum of 0.0005 vol%, that is, 5 ppm(v) can be achieved after several hours at room temperature. The synergism of the porous morphology and the chemical nature of the polymer allows for the first example of an organic oxygen scavenger material with properties distinctly surpassing the state‐of‐the art in the field.
Recombinant spider silk coatings functionalized with enzymes targeting bacteria and biofilms
Authors: Seijsing Fredrik , Nilebäck Linnea , Öhman Oskar , Pasupuleti Rajeev , Ståhl Camilla , Seijsing Johan , Hedhammar My
Published: February 2020

Bacteria forming biofilms on surgical implants is a problem that might be alleviated by the use of antibacterial coatings. In this article, recombinant spider silk was functionalized with the peptidoglycan degrading endolysin SAL‐1 from the staphylococcal bacteriophage SAP‐1 and the biofilm‐matrix‐degrading enzyme Dispersin B from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using direct genetic fusion and/or covalent protein–protein fusion catalyzed by Sortase A. Spider silk assembly and enzyme immobilization was monitored using quartz crystal microbalance analysis. Enzyme activity was investigated both with a biochemical assay using cleavage of fluorescent substrate analogues and bacterial assays for biofilm degradation and turbidity reduction. Spider silk coatings functionalized with SAL‐1 and Disperin B were found to exhibit bacteriolytic effect and inhibit biofilm formation, respectively. The strategy to immobilize antibacterial enzymes to spider silk presented herein show potential to be used as surface coatings of surgical implants and other medical equipment to avoid bacterial colonization.
Validation of the Turkish version of the ICIQ‐FLUTS, ICIQ‐FLUTS long‐form, ICIQ‐LUTS quality‐of‐life, and ICIQ‐FLUTS sexual functions
Authors: Gungor Uğurlucan Funda , Yasa Cenk , Yuksel Ozgor Bahar , Ayvacikli Goksen , Gunaydin Cansu , Balci Burcin K. , Yalcin Onay
Published: February 2020

Aims

To enable the use of ICIQ‐FLUTS, ICIQ‐FLUTS‐long‐form (ICIQ‐FLUTS‐LF), ICIQ‐LUTS‐quality‐of‐life (ICIQ‐LUTSqol), and ICIQ‐FLUTS sexual functions (ICIQ‐FLUTSsex) in Turkish speaking women, questionnaires were translated into Turkish and validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change were evaluated in women suffering from urinary incontinence (UI).

Materials and Methods

Permissions were obtained from ICIQ Advisory Board, English versions of the questionnaires were initially translated into Turkish, then back‐translated into English and translations were modified according to recommendations of ICIQ Advisory Board. Pilot testing was performed in 10 women. Validity (content/face validity and discriminant validity), reliability (test‐retest reliability and internal consistency), and sensitivity to change were evaluated.

Results

A total of 58 women with UI completed ICIQ‐FLUTS, ICIQ‐LUTSqol, and the ICIQ‐FLUTS‐LF, and 37 who were sexually active completed ICIQ‐FLUTSsex. All women completed same questionnaires 15 days later. More than 90% of women thought that the questions were clear, unequivocal, and comprehensive. Missing data were less than 1% indicating adequate content/face validity. Cronbach's α coefficients were .933 (ICIQ‐FLUTS), .979 (ICIQ‐LUTSqol), .865 (ICIQ‐FLUTS‐LF), and .863 (ICIQ‐FLUTSsex), representing adequate internal consistency. Kappa values and intraclass correlation coefficient for individual items were over 0.70, indicating adequate test‐retest reliability. A total of 52 healthy volunteers completed ICIQ‐FLUTS and ICIQ‐FLUTS‐LF, 30 completed ICIQ‐LUTSqol, and 30 sexually active healthy volunteers completed ICIQ‐FLUTSsex. All four questionnaires had good discriminant validity. Twenty‐eight women with UI were analyzed 3 months after treatment. There was significant improvement in four questionnaires in correlation with pre‐ and posttreatment bladder diary results showing good sensitivity to change.

Conclusion

Turkish versions of four ICIQ modules were shown valid and reliable and can be used in Turkish speaking women in the evaluation of UI.
Purpuric drug eruptions induced by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are associated with IQGAP1‐mediated increase in vascular permeability
Authors: Sheen Yi‐Shuan , Lin Ming‐Hsien , Tzeng Wen‐Chia , Chu Chia‐Yu
Published: February 2020

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) are used as a treatment for non‐small‐cell lung cancer. There have been some reports of EGFR‐TKIs being associated with vascular adverse events. We found that EGFR‐TKIs decreased the proliferation of HMEC‐1s (immortalized human dermal microvascular endothelial cells) and HMVECs (human dermal microvascular endothelial cells), and also inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK. We examined the mRNA expression profile of erlotinib‐treated HMEC‐1s and identified IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as the most consistently up‐regulated transcript and protein. IQGAP1 was also overexpressed and co‐localized with endothelial cells in the lesional skin. Notably, increased IQGAP1 expression was associated with decreased transendothelial electrical resistance and increased vascular permeability in vitro. Erlotinib treatment enriched the staining of IQGAP1 and reduced the intensities of α‐catenin at the sites of cell–cell contact. In conclusion, erlotinib induces adherens junction dysfunction by modulating the expression of IQGAP1 in dermal endothelial cells. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A molecular electron density theory study of the Grignard reagent‐mediated regioselective direct synthesis of 1,5‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Acharjee Nivedita
Published: February 2020

The [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction of phenyl azide4with ethynylbenzene5in presence of ethyl magnesium bromide (EtMgBr) has been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory with the aim to rationalise the high‐yielding direct regioselective synthesis of 1,5‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles. Topological analysis of the electron localisation function (ELF) of phenyl azide4indicates that it has azwitterionicstructure participating inzw‐type32CA reactions. Computed activation parameters along the two feasible reaction paths for this 32CA reaction makes the rationalisation of the experimental outcomes possible. Grignard reagent‐mediated processes have a polar character and complete regioselectivity, which is in line with the fast, clean, and high yielding reaction experimentally observed. The reaction follows aone‐stepmechanism involving a high asynchronous transition state structure. Topological analysis of the ELF and calculated quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecule parameters indicate that formation of new C–N single bonds does not begin exactly at the corresponding transition state structure.
Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus influences the reproduction of its insect vector, western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, to facilitate transmission
Authors: Wan Yanran , Hussain Sabir , Merchant Austin , Xu Baoyun , Xie Wen , Wang Shaoli , Zhang Youjun , Zhou Xuguo , Wu Qingjun
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), one of the most devastating viruses of ornamental plants and vegetable crops worldwide, is transmitted by the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in a persistent‐propagative manner. How TSWV influences the reproduction of its vector to enhance transmission and whether infection with TSWV changes the mating behavior of F. occidentalis are not fully understood.

RESULTS

TSWV‐exposed thrips had a significantly longer developmental time than non‐exposed individuals. More importantly, increased developmental time was predominantly associated with adults, a stage critical for dispersal and virus transmission. In addition, TSWV‐exposed F. occidentalis produced substantially more progeny than did non‐exposed thrips. Interestingly, most of the increase in progeny came from an increase in males, a sex with a greater dispersal and virus transmission capability. Specifically, the female/male ratio of progeny shifted from 1.3–7.0/1 to 0.6–1.1/1. As for mating behavior, copulation time was significantly longer in TSWV‐exposed thrips. Finally, females tended to re‐mate less when exposed to the virus. Resistance to re‐mating may lead to reduced sperm availability in females, which translates to a larger number of male progeny under a haplodiploid system.

CONCLUSION

These combined results suggest that TSWV can influence the developmental time, mating behavior, fecundity, and offspring sex allocation of its vector F. occidentalis to facilitate virus transmission. As such, a monitoring program capable of the earlier detection of the virus in host plants and/or its insect vector, thrips, using double‐antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DAS‐ELISA), real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) or virus detection strips might be beneficial for long‐term, sustainable management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of sample preparation methods for characterizing the geochemistry of soils and sediments by portable X‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Goff Kathleen , Schaetzl Randall J. , Chakraborty Somsubhra , Weindorf David C. , Kasmerchak Chase , Bettis E. Arthur
Published: February 2020

We examined the impact of three different sample preparation methods on bulk soil geochemistry data obtained from a hand‐held, portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer. We generated data from a soil core recovered from the surface, downward into unaltered loess, and into a buried soil at a site in eastern Iowa. Samples were scanned (i) directly from field‐moist soil cores; (ii) after drying, grinding, and being loosely massed in plastic cups; and (iii) as pressed‐powder pellets. Data derived using these methods were compared with data obtained from a standard benchtop X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) unit. Generally, the results indicated that data from pressed powder pellets often provide the best correlation to benchtop XRF data, although the results were sometimes element or compound specific. Calcium oxide, Fe2O3, and K2O generally provided the strongest correlations between pXRF‐ and XRF‐reported values; SiO2data were more problematic. Field‐moist pXRF scans generally underestimated element concentrations, but the correlations between pXRF and benchtop XRF measurements were greatly improved after applying pXRF‐derived calibration standards. In summary, although element/compound data provided by pXRF showed significant relationships to benchtop XRF data, the results are improved with proper sample preparation (i.e., drying, grinding, pressing) and usually by calibrating the pXRF data against known standards.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX harassment claim involving alleged treatment by student‐athlete?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: February 2020

When the plaintiff was admitted to Lees‐McRae College, it accommodated her social anxiety disorders by providing special housing and access to the school therapist.
Collaboration, customer service boost overall success
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2020

Message consistency has been a foundational theme for Jay Jacobs in his role as Director of Enrollment Management and Admission Operations at the University of Miami. This principle has applied to both working with the 30‐person staff he oversees and communicating with prospective students, with one key metric in mind above all.