bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Origami-Inspired 3D Opto-Electro Array for Optogenetic Neuromodulation and Neurophysiology Recording
Authors: Li Wen , Gong Yan , Liu Xiang , Jiang Zebin , Weber Arthur
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a thin-film, three-dimensional (3D) opto-electro array featuring four addressable microscale light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for surface cortex illumination and nine penetrating electrodes for simultaneous recording of light-evoked neural activities. Inspired by the origami concept, we have developed a meticulously designed "bridge+trench" structure that facilitates the transformation of the array from 2D to 3D while preventing damage to the thin film metal. Prior to device transformation, the shape and dimensions of the 2D array can be customized, enhancing its versatility for various applications. In addition, the arched base offers strong mechanical support to facilitate the direct insertion of the probe into tissue without any mechanical reinforcement. The array was encapsulated using polyimide and epoxy to ensure mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility of the device. The efficacy of the device was evaluated through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo characterization.
Longitudinal cervicovaginal microbiome and virome alterations during ART and discordant shedding in women living with HIV
Authors: Kaelin Emily A. , Mitchell Caroline , Soria Jamie , Rosa Alberto La , Ticona Eduardo , Coombs Robert W. , Frenkel Lisa M. , Bull Marta E. , Lim Efrem S.
Published: April 2024

Despite successful suppression of plasma HIV replication by antiretroviral therapy (ART), some women living with HIV (WLHIV) can still experience genital HIV shedding (discordant shedding). Female genital tract (FGT) microbiome and virome dynamics during long-term ART in WLHIV are poorly understood but might contribute to discordant HIV shedding, as the microbiome and virome are known to influence FGT health. To understand FGT microbial communities over time during ART usage and discordant shedding, we characterized the microbiome and virome in 125 cervicovaginal specimens collected over two years in 31 WLHIV in Lima, Peru. Intrapersonal bacterial microbiome variation was higher in HIV shedders compared to non-shedders. Cervicovaginal virome composition changed over time, particularly in non-shedders. Specifically, anellovirus relative abundance was inversely associated with ART duration and CD4 counts. Our results suggest that discordant HIV shedding is associated with FGT microbiome instability, and immune recovery during ART influences FGT virome composition.
Is the Usefulness of Accruals Superior to Real Income? Evidence from the Palestine Exchange
Authors: Abdelkarim Naser , Turshan Mohammad , Daraghma Zahran
Published: April 2024

This research examines the value relevance of real profit using Economic Value Added (EVA) as a proxy versus accounting outcomes. The question at hand is whether the usefulness of real income numbers is superior to accruals (traditional performance indicators) for Palestinian corporations. This research utilized an experimental research design to gather panel data from the reported annual data of 31 non-financial listed corporations on the PEX from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive statistics and the Jarque–Bera test were used, along with a Nonparametric Spearman's rho Correlations test to evaluate linear relationships between variables. The Random Effect Model (REM) was used based on the Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test to establish a concrete research model. The findings demonstrate that the market values of shares have a strong relationship with traditional measures, where the relative informativeness ability of accounting indicators is greater than the informativeness ability of real income. The study suggests using EVA as a supplement, not a replacement, for the current traditional accounting performance measurements. Future studies can compare the effect of real income and accounting indicators on a variable other than stock market value. As a policy implication, we advise users in Palestine to consider accruals but economic income indicators as supplementary. This paper is the first in Palestine to use advanced econometric analysis that establishes concrete findings about the conflict between Accounting-Based versus Economic-Based indicators.
Effects of the Ligand Linkers on Stability of Mixed-Valence Cu(I)Cu(II) and Catalytic Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation Activity
Authors: Jehdaramarn Attawit , Chantarojsiri Teera , Worakul Thanapat , Surawatanawong Panida , Chainok Kittipong , Sangtrirutnugul Preeyanuch
Published: April 2024

We synthesized a class of ligands that feature single (L1) and dual amine-bis(triazole) chelates (L2 with a 1,3-phenylene linker and L3 with a 1,5-naphthalene linker). Our findings which were derived from UV-Vis titrations, crystal structure analysis of relevant copper complexes, and DFT calculations indicate the formation of both mononuclear CuBr(L1) and dinuclear (µ-Ln)(CuBr)2 (Ln = L2 and L3) complexes. The catalytic activities of CuBr/Ln, in combination with TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) co-catalyst and NMI (N-methylimidazole) for aerobic alcohol oxidation, reveal the following activity trend: CuBr/L3 > CuBr/L2 > CuBr/L1. Furthermore, electrochemical data from in-situ generated CuBr complexes suggest that the higher catalytic performance of CuBr/L3 is attributed to the presence of less stable mixed-valence and more reducible Cu(I)-L3-Cu(II) species compared to Cu(I)-L2-Cu(II). This difference is a result of weaker σ interactions between Cu–Namine, larger bridging π systems, and a longer Cu···Cu distance in the presence of L3. Additionally, the catalyst system, CuBr/L3/TEMPO/NMI, efficiently promotes the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde at room temperature in CH3CN with a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 39 h− 1 at 1 h.
Biopolymer-based sustainable Internet of Things for smart homes
Authors: Lebedev Vladimir , Lebedeva Katerina , Cherkashina Аnna , Voronkin Andrij , Kopach Volodymyr , Petrushenko Sergey , Fedonenko Alina , Klochko Natalja
Published: April 2024

In the infrastructure of the future, based on intelligent computerized systems and control and monitoring devices, the smart home is part of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, in addition to the need to address energy consumption, the widespread adoption of smart homes may also exacerbate the growing problem of increasing amounts of non-recyclable e-waste from IoT devices. Compared to synthetic plastics, biopolymers offer many unique advantages such as robust structure, light weight, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, biodegradability and renewability. Biopolymers, which are abundant in natural products such as cellulose, silk fibroin, polylactic acid, chitosan, collagen, keratin, alginate, starch and gelatin, have great promise for the production of environmentally friendly Internet of Things devices. They are ideal candidates for the use of low-temperature sol-gel coating and ink-printing processes to facilitate the development of low-cost, large-area flexible electronic devices. This work presents developments known from the literature, as well as the results of original research on the use of biopolymer materials to create flexible, wearable and textile electronic devices, such as sensors, energy storage devices and nanogenerators, soft hydrogel actuators and wireless communication devices that are promising for the Internet of Things but have not yet been implemented in smart homes.
GC-MS Profiling of Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) stem extract for identification of antifungal compounds against Macrophomina phaseolina causing dry root rot of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Gupta Prince Kumar , Kaur Manpreet , Chitara Manoj Kumar , Mishra Dhruv , Kushwaha K.P.S.
Published: April 2024

Macrophomina phaseolina, a necrotrophic fungus causes multiple diseases in mungbean and other economically important crops throughout the world. The pathogen remains in soil or crop residues for up to 3 years as microsclerotia. To search for an alternative to current conventional practices against diseases that are limited and are associated with toxicity and resistance. The application of medicinal plant extracts has shown enormous antifungal potential against many sclerotial-forming phytopathogens. In the present study, a total of five concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) of ten different medicinal plant extracts were tested against the per cent mycelial inhibition of M. phaseolina under in-vitro conditions. The results revealed that all the plant extracts showed significant mycelial inhibition at all concentrations over the check. The maximum per cent mycelial inhibition was recorded in giloy (70.5%) followed by curry leaf (60.7%) which was at par with eucalyptus (56.0%) followed by lemon grass (50.8%) and bhang (46.5%) at 50% concentration. Maximum, total phenol (291 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (179 mg QE/g) content exhibited in giloy. The qualitative analysis of plant extracts indicates the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols and proteins. GC-MS analysis of the giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) showed the presence of 32 phytochemical compounds, whereas cyclopentadecanone was the predominant compound with 28.45% peak area followed by 2- bromododecane (25.93%), palmitic acid, TMS derivative (10.78%), 2-hexadeccen-1-ol,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl (5.04%), 2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl (5.04%), tetracosane (4.88%), hexanoic acid, 4-hexadecyl ester (4.12) and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.79%). Some of these major compounds might be responsible for the antifungal properties of Tinospora cordifolia against M. phaseolina.
Unraveling the Genetic Links Between Plasma Lipidome and Ankylosing Spondylitis: Insights from a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Approach
Authors: Wu Jun , Wei Pinghua , Ding ZhaoHui , Nie HeYun , Liu YunFeng
Published: April 2024

Background: Emerging epidemiological evidence indicates an association between Plasma Lipidome and Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), yet our grasp of the underlying genetic and causative links remains nascent. This study endeavors to unravel the genetic interplay and assess the causality within this association.
Methods: This investigation utilized a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) technique to discern the causal dynamics between lipid profiles and AS. To ascertain causal relationships among 179 distinct lipid molecules and AS susceptibility, we capitalized on extensive GWAS data. The primary analytical tool was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by MR Egger, weighted median, Weighted mode, and Simple mode analyses to ensure comprehensiveness. To assess result consistency, the Cochrane Q-test gauged heterogeneity and the MR-Egger intercept test, alongside MR-PRESSO, scrutinized for horizontal pleiotropy. Lastly, a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis authenticated the findings' stability.
Results: The results indicated that levels of Sterol ester (27:1/18:0), Sterol ester (27:1/18:2), Phosphatidylethanolamine (18:1_0:0), Phosphatidylcholine (16:1_18:1), Phosphatidylcholine (16:1_20:4), Phosphatidylcholine (17:0_18:2), Phosphatidylcholine (18:0_20:3), Phosphatidylcholine (18:0_22:6), Phosphatidylcholine (O-16:0_20:4), Phosphatidylcholine (O-18:1_18:2), Phosphatidylinositol (18:1_18:2), Triacylglycerol (50:3), Triacylglycerol (54:3), and Triacylglycerol (56:8) were genetically predicted as consequences of AS. There was no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity between the genetic variants (P>0.05), and a leave-one-out test confirmed the stability and robustness of this association.
Conclusion: Our study deepens the understanding of the genetic research into the close connection between lipid levels and AS, providing guidance for future clinical and basic research.
Prognostic role of hybrid PET/MRI in patient with Dasatinib-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension：A Case Report
Authors: Ji Yanjun , Ding Lijun , Zhang Chen , Ding Wei , Cao Huixiao
Published: April 2024

Cancer drug therapies are associated with various cardiovascular complications, among which pulmonary hypertension (PH) has received increasing attention in recent years. Previous studies have demonstrated a link between 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) uptake and the progression of PH. We report the case of a 26-year-old female with a 33-month history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with dasatinib for 23 months. Ten months ago, the patient presented with symptoms of pulmonary hypertension and dasatinib was discontinued immediately. To further investigate the condition, the multimodal 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography / magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging was performed. It revealed manifestations consistent with PH from multiple morphological, functional and metabolic perspectives. The SUV RV / SUV LV and RVEF suggested a favorable prognosis. We can preliminarily infer that the pulmonary hypertension in this patient is related to dasatinib and is reversible, and the use of cardiac PET/MR imaging plays an indispensable role in early diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
In-vivo parcellation of human subcortex by multi-modal MRI
Authors: Ali Tonima , Lv Jinglei , Kassem Mustafa , D'Souza Arkiev , O’Callaghan Claire , Dalton Marshall , Calamante Fernando
Published: April 2024

Human subcortical grey matter (SGM) structures are crucial hubs for processing, transmitting and modulating brain-wide signals. However, in-vivo characterisation of subnuclei within the SGM structures remains limited, restricting our knowledge of their roles in brain function and in disorders. To address this gap, we introduce the Sydney Subcortical Gray Matter (SydSGM) parcellation— based on a novel data-driven approach using multiple MRI contrasts to assess myelination, directionality of white matter fibres, and diffusion micro-environment. Fifty-four distinct parcels were identified across caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, and thalamus based on the coherent representation of these attributes, which demonstrated remarkable concordance with histology-based delineations. The SydSGM parcellation now facilitates detailed structural connectivity analysis at the subnuclei scale. It can be adopted as a standalone atlas or incorporated into existing brain atlases. We demonstrate SydSGM parcellation’s advantage by revealing declined structural connectivity of highly resolved SGM subnuclei in patients with early Parkinson’s disease.
CO2 capture using boron, nitrogen, and phosphorus-doped C20 in the present electric field: A DFT study
Authors: Rezaee Parham , Asl Shervin Alikhah , Javadi Mohammad Hasan , Rezaee Shahab , Morad Razieh , Akbari Mahmood , Arab Seyed Shahriar , Maaza Malik
Published: April 2024

Burning fossil fuels emits a significant amount of CO2, causing climate change concerns. CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) aims to reduce emissions, with fullerenes showing promise as CO2 adsorbents. Recent research focuses on modifying fullerenes using an electric field. In light of this, we carried out DFT studies on some B, N, and P doped C20 (C20-nXn, n = 0, 1, 2, and 3; X = B, N, and P) in the absence and presence of an electric field in the range of 0-0.02 a.u.. The cohesive energy was calculated to ensure their thermodynamic stability showing, that despite having lesser cohesive energies than C20, they appear in a favorable range. Moreover, the charge distribution for all structures was depicted using the ESP map. Most importantly, we evaluated the adsorption energy, height, and CO2 angle, demonstrating the B and N-doped fullerenes had the stronger interaction with CO2, which by far exceeded C20's, improving its physisorption to physicochemical adsorption. Although the adsorption energy of P-doped fullerenes was not as satisfactory, in most cases, increasing the electric field led to enhancing CO2 adsorption and incorporating chemical attributes to CO2-fullerene interaction. The HOMO-LUMO plots were obtained by which we discovered that unlike the P-doped C20, the surprising activity of B and N-doped C20s against CO2 originates from a high concentration of the HOMO-LUMO orbitals on B, N and neighboring atoms. In the present article, we attempt to introduce more effective fullerene-based materials for CO2 capture as well as strategies to enhance their efficiency and revealing adsorption nature over B, N, and P-doped fullerenes.
Optimizing the OFDM Radar Waveform for Low-Angle Target Tracking Using WAF Criteria
Authors: Asadsangabi Zohreh , Mohseni Reza , Samadi Sadegh
Published: April 2024

A novel algorithm is proposed to enhance the wideband ambiguity function (WAF) of radar by designing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. This design improves signal resolution, leading to more accurate tracking of low-angle targets. The goal is to optimize the volume of the OFDM signal's WAF to approximate the desired ambiguity function volume in the delay-Doppler plane. This optimized waveform improves the delay (range) resolution of the radar system by enhancing the auto-correlation function (ACF). Additionally, using a multicarrier OFDM signal improves delay resolution by the number of subcarriers. The phase and amplitude coding technique further improves delay and Doppler. It is important to note that the waveform design considers various factors that affect low-angle target tracking, such as atmospheric attenuation, surface reflection, diffraction, and refraction. Theoretical expressions for each area, along with tabular and graphical results applicable to common radar frequencies and radar-target paths, are provided. When modeling specular multipath signals, the effects of the earth's curvature and the linear refractivity gradient of the horizontally stratified atmosphere are also taken into account. The methodology used is the LSE method utilized in designing the waveform. The main results obtained demonstrate enhancements not only in the Doppler and delay ambiguity function, but also in angle measurement and RMSE. Finally, our work demonstrates improved performance when compared with the articles.
Dysfunction of heat shock factor 4 impairs retinal structure and visual function in mice and zebrafish
Authors: Liu Baixue , lang Youfei , Xue Meng Jiao , Jiang Ming Jun , Jia Xiao lin , Chen Dandan , ZHou Guilinng , Zhang Fengyan , Peng Xueyan , Hu Yanzhong
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Loss of function of heat shock factor 4(HSF4) causes microphthalmia with lens opacification. The objective of this study is to uncover the regulation of HSF4 on retinal homeostasis.
Methods
Hsf4del mutant mice and Hsf4null zebrafish models were recruited in this study. H&E was used to determine retinal structure. The immunoblot, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to measure the expression of mRNA and protein. AAV2-Hsf4-Flag virus were used to the reconstitution assay.
Results
The retinal structure of Hsf4del mice and Hsf4null zebrafish, which is comparable to wild-type at P10 days old, undergoes atrophy at 7 and 13 months old. Dysfunction of Hsf4 downregulates the expression of visual cycle enzymes (e.g., RPE65, RLBP1 and RDH5 ) and heat shock proteins (e.g., HSP90 and HSP25), and simultaneously activates retinal gliosis (e.g., upregulating the expression of GFAP, GS, CRYAB, inflammatory interleukins, and VEGFA) and the expression of senescent P16INK4a and P21cip1 in the retina of postnatal P1- P10 mice and embryonic zebrafish, and those changes are enhanced in 7 and 13 months old mice and zebrafish. Subretinal administration of AAV2-Hsf4b to the retina of one-month Hsf4del mice partially rescued the expression of changed proteins. ERG results showed that the downregulation of amplitude of a- and b- waves at scotopic response was detected at P15. Overexpression of Flag-Hsf4b in the in vitro cultured primary Hsf4del RPE cells restores the expression of visual cycle enzymes and heat shock proteins. TUNEL assay shows that there are more apoptotic cells in the ONL and the RPE of 7-and 13-month-Hsf4del retina than in P10 retina.
Conclusion
In addition to causing cataracts, the loss of function of HSF4 impairs the visual cycles and activates the gliosis in early postnatal age, which are associated with the retinal atrophy.
Diagnostic Performance of Four Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Conformité Européenne (CE) Marked and One WHO Prequalified Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Uganda
Authors: Baliruno Leah Naluwagga , Kato Charles Drago , Nakigozi Harriet , Mujuzi Huzaima , Seremba Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

Background
Globally, over 296 million people are infected with chronic Hepatitis B (HBV). Eighty million of these reside in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). HBV claims an estimated one million lives annually. Efforts to eradicate it from SSA have been slow partly due to a lack of affordable accurate screening tools. The diagnostic accuracy of the commonly used rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in SSA is poorly understood hence a need to characterize the validity of five RDTs being used for HBV diagnosis using the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) serologic marker.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 200 samples of residual donor blood were screened for HBsAg using the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) and results confirmed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). They were subsequently subjected to five RDT kits; the SD Bioline, a World Health Organization (WHO) pre-qualified test kit, and four Conformité Européenne (CE) Marked RDTs: One-Step, NOVA, Astracare and Accurate. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were computed using ELISA as the reference test. The Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS 20.0 for Windows; SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis.
Results
All five RDT brands demonstrated a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI 93%- 93%). Their specificity however ranged from 95% (95% CI 94.9%- 97.8%) for Astracare to 98% (95% CI 94.9%- 98.0%) for SD Bioline. Similarly, their positive PPV ranged from 94.89% (95% CI 94.9%-97.7%) for Astracare to 97.89% (95% CI 94.9%-98.0%) for SD Bioline and NPV ranged from 93.14% (95% CI 93.1%-93.3%) for Astracare and 93.33% (95% CI 93.1% -93.3%) for SD Bioline.
Conclusion
SD Bioline had the best diagnostic accuracy for HBV infection. Nevertheless, the less expensive CE-marked RDTs had good performance characteristics. CE marked RDTs thus present an opportunity for massive screening of the at-risk populations in the WHO-led campaign to eliminate HBV as a public health threat in Uganda and other low-resource settings by 2030.
Study on the strength characteristics of sandstone subjected to coupled static and dynamic loads from the perspective of microscopic crack propagation
Authors: Hong Zi-jie , Si Kai , Li Zhen-hua , Zhu Chun , Du Feng , Cao Zhengzheng
Published: April 2024

A series of engineering dynamic disasters, such as rock burst and roof caving, are closely related to the damage and strength characteristics of rock under dynamic load. The research of this topic is helpful to accurately understand the mechanism of rock dynamic disasters, make predictions in advance and take appropriate measures to reduce losses. In order to further study the dynamic failure characteristics of rock, a theoretical model of dynamic wing crack propagation of sandstone under the condition of coupled static and dynamic loads was proposed in the paper. The effects of strain rate, pre-static stress and confining pressure on the damage process and strength of sandstone were quantitatively revealed by theoretical model. The proposed dynamic wing crack propagation model actually represents the tensile damage of rock and is suitable for the macroscopic tensile fracture of rock under the action of dynamic load. By comparing with SHPB experimental results, it shows that the theoretical model can effectively predict the coupled static and dynamic strength of sandstone and explain the damage and fracture process. In addition, the differences between the theoretical model and the experimental results were analyzed in detail. The research results of the paper can provide a theoretical reference for further understanding of the occurrence mechanism of rock mass dynamic disasters, and provide a theoretical model basis for future numerical simulation research.
Effects of low molecular weight heparin on twin pregnancies with elevated D2 dimer levels
Authors: Chen Panpan , Tian Weiting , Zhong Xingming , Zhu Leilei , Chen Yun-Fen , Huang Guanyou , Zhao Shuyun
Published: April 2024

Backgrouds: What is the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin on twin pregnancies with increased D2 dimer following assisted reproductive technology（ART）?
Methods: A retrospective cohort study. The study explored data from twin pregnancies with increased D2 dimer levels following ART who underwent foetal protection treatment at the reproductive centre of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from March 2017 to December 2019. The main outcomes examined were the abortion rate of twins and the twin rate in the third trimester.
Results: Twin pregnancies exhibited a lower median age and higher D2-dimer levels than single pregnancies. 400 twin pregnancies had increased D2-dimer levels. The median D2 dimer level was 1.38 ug/mL. 258 of the 400 patients received heparin medication. A multivariate analysis of each patient's pregnancy outcomes was used . The twin miscarriage rate treated with heparin was reduced by 48.3% compared to untreated pregnancies, the twin rate in the third trimester increased by 69.8%. There were no differences in twin miscarriage rate or twin rate in the third trimester of twin pregnancies between whole-course medication and early medication in the subgroup. However, there was a decrease in the NICU rate and the incidence of gestational hypertension.
Conclusions: Low-molecular-weight heparin could improve the clinical outcomes of twin pregnancies following ART. Patients who undergo full therapy may see superior outcomes in comparison to those who choose early intervention.
Geological influence of Groundwater Quality, Eastern Region of Mount Cameroon and West of the Penda Mboko River
Authors: Jude Ngai N , Wotany Engome Regina , Agyingi Christopher , Nelson Menti Agbor
Published: April 2024

This research focuses primarily on exploring the role of silica in deciphering the geological controls and hydrogeochemical processes affecting groundwater in this challenging terrain. To assess the hydrochemical properties of groundwater and its quality, fifty samples were collected from hand dug wells, boreholes, springs and rivers. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, temperature and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in situ. The mean concentration of major ions indicated Ca > Mg2+ > k+ > Na+ and HCO-3 > CL- > NO-3 > SO2-4. The majority of the water samples (76%) were found in the rock dominance zone, while only 14% were in the precipitation dominance zone, indicating that the interaction between rock and water is the main factor controlling the groundwater chemistry. Chemical geothermometry was used to estimate the groundwater temperature .The silica levels in the samples ranged from 5.8 to 58.7 mg/l, and chalcedony temperatures of over 60°C were detected at five sites, indicating a depth of over 1,000 metres. This study highlights the effectiveness of this combination of instruments in tracking water-rock interactions, regardless of factors such as flow depth, water properties, geological conditions and variations in interaction time. Examination of mineral saturation indices showed supersaturation with silicate minerals such as quartz, but undersaturated with carbonate, sulphate and halide minerals such as calcite, gypsum and anhydrite.
An Efficient Mechanism of Modified Sand Cat Swarm Optimization and DCNN For Detection of Spam In Online Social Media Network
Authors: Nicholas Neomi Nelin , Nirmalrani V.
Published: April 2024

In recent years, social media has become an indispensable part of people's daily lives. The use of social media networks, particularly WhatsApp, Facebook, and email, has significantly surged worldwide due to their widespread popularity. These platforms serve as potent tools for users to share information and opinions, post photos and videos, and disseminate news. The growing popularity and importance of social media platforms attract spammers to a greater extent. Detecting social network spam is particularly challenging due to its brief content and constantly streaming nature. Many spam detection methods for social media rely on machine learning, utilizing a variety of classification and clustering algorithms. Deep learning techniques have achieved significant success globally in solving diverse problems across different domains. This research aims to develop a robust spam detection model for social media networks using deep CNN methods and to evaluate the effectiveness of the models using Modified Sand Cat Swarm (MCSO) based optimization models. N-gram and Bag of Words features are utilized for ensemble feature extraction and selection to rank and analyze the significance of features in spam detection. The performance of the proposed models is compared with other deep learning algorithms. A comparative analysis of spam detection models reveals that the random forest classifier outperforms when trained with randomly chosen data of varying sizes. A DCNN-based MSCSO successfully validates 99.02% of spam on social media networks, as confirmed by the classification. These unconventional pairings reinforce the original premise behind these classification findings.
Incidences of colorectal adenomas and cancers under colonoscopy surveillance suggest an accelerated “Big Bang” pathway to CRC in three of the four Lynch syndromes
Authors: Møller Pål , Haupt Saski , Ahadova Aysel , Kloor Matthias , Sampson Julian , Sunde Lone , Seppälä Toni Toni , Burn John , Bernstein Inge , Capella Gabriel , Evans D Gareth , Lindblom Annika , Winship Ingrid , Macrae Finlay , Katz Lior , Laish Ido , Vainer Elez , Monahan Kevin , Half Elizabeth , Horisberger Karoline , Silva Leandro Apolinário da , Heuveline Vincent , Therkildsen Christina , Lautrup Charlotte , Klarskov Louvise L , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Möslein Gabriela , Hovig Eivind , Dominguez-Valentin Mev
Published: April 2024

Background:
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) in the Lynch syndromes have been assumed to emerge through an accelerated adenoma-carcinoma pathway. In this model adenomas with deficient mismatch repair have an increased probability of acquiring additional cancer driver mutation(s) resulting in more rapid progression to malignancy. If this model was accurate, the success of colonoscopy in preventing CRC would be a function of the intervals between colonoscopies and mean sojourn time of detectable adenomas. Contrary to expectations, colonoscopy did not decrease incidence of CRC in the Lynch syndromes and shorter colonoscopy intervals have not been effective in reducing CRC incidence. The prospective Lynch Syndrome Database [PLSD) was designed to examine these issues in carriers of pathogenic variants of the mis-match repair [path_MMR) genes.
Material and methods:
We examined the CRC and colorectal adenoma incidences in 3,574 path_MLH1, path_MSH2, path_MSH6 and path_PMS2 carriers subjected to regular colonoscopy with polypectomy, and considered the results based on sojourn times and stochastic probability paradigms.
Results:
Most of the path_MMR carriers in each genetic group had no adenomas. There was no association between incidences of CRC and the presence of adenomas. There was no CRC observed in path_PMS2 carriers.
Conclusions:
Colonoscopy prevented CRC in path_PMS2 carriers but not in the others. The findings are consistent with colonoscopy surveillance blocking the adenoma-carcinoma pathway by removing adenomas which might otherwise become CRCs. However, in carriers other than path_PMS2, most CRCs observed in carriers subjected to colonoscopy likely arise from dMMR cells in the crypts that have an increased mutation rate with increased stochastic chaotic probabilities for mutations. This mechanism, that may be associated with no or only a short sojourn time of MSI tumours as adenomas, could explain the findings in our previous and current reports.
Effect of prawn fed with Catharanthus roseus ethanolic extract incorporated diet in the SDS profile approach in Gene expressions related and immune characteristics in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors: Arulvendhan Velusamy , Bhavan Periyakali Saravana
Published: April 2024

Plants have long been at the main focus of the medical industries attention due to their extensive list of biological and therapeutic properties and ethnobotanical applications. This study investigates the effects of substituting fishmeal with Catharanthus roseus, a medicinal herb, in the diet of post larvae (PL) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, a freshwater prawn. The study assesses the impact on the GC-MS, UV–Vis analyses, and FTIR spectrum through leaf material from C. roseus was analyzed and found to include a variety of phytochemicals including four of the seven secondary metabolic products discovered in C. roseus leaves showed bioactive principles: 2-methylmannoside, squalene, pentatriacontane, and 2,4,4-Trimethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-5a-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexene. Catharanthus roseus is rich in the anticancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. After that, the compounds undergo molecular in silico assessments docking studies revealed that among these compounds with bioactive properties. After separation, the basal diets of C. roseus crude extract in various ratios 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% for 90 days experimental prides Macrobrachium rosenbergii was fed a diet enriched with C. roseus. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, it was discovered that the C. roseus supplemented feed given prawns had considerably (P < 0.05) greater physiological water parameter such as temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and total dissolved solids, have to be within tolerance ranges so as to get the most effective results for M. rosenbergii. The muscle of protein profile such as a white spot disease (WSD) is caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which also requires amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) protein VP28 fused was shown to bind to prawn cells in an in vitro binding experiment using western blot SDS-PAGE gel. Moreover, a respective up-and downregulated crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (MrCHH), myostatin (MrMSTN), Peroxidasin (MrPXDN), heat shock protein 70 (MrHSP70), and heat shock protein 90 (MrHSP90), gene confirmed the impact of C. roseus on prawn development. The prawns that were given a diet containing a 1.5% concentration of C. roseus feed showed significant enhancements in growth performance. Therefore, in the present study proposes that 1.5% may be used as a dietary supplement for regulating Macrobrachium rosenbergii production more effectively.
Flexible fiber optic sensor for dual parameter perception of liquid level and temperature
Authors: Qin XiangJu , Li ShiJun , Fan HaiLong , Shi FangFei , Liu MingXing , Kong Lingxin
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a flexible optical fiber for two-parameter measurement of liquid level and temperature is presented. The flexible fiber is composed of polyurethane membrane and spherical microfiber few mode fiber (FMF) . It has excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. By converting the change of liquid level into the change of static liquid pressure of polyurethane diaphragm, the performance of the sensor is analyzed by finite element method (FEM) and beam propagation method (BPM). The sensitivity of the liquid level sensor is 0.54534 nm/mm, and the sensitivity of the liquid level sensor is increased about 5 times. In order to eliminate the temperature interference, the temperature decoupling scheme is studied in this paper. The problem of cross sensitivity is solved by discussing the interference of temperature on double wave peaks. It has a broad prospect in the field of fuel level monitoring and control.
Mass vaccination to rubella, waning immunity, and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Cirillo Nicola
Published: April 2024

Maternal viral infection during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism. Unlike natural immunity to infectious agents, vaccine-induced immunity can wane over time, potentially leading to secondary vaccine failure. A direct consequence of this waning immunity is that children born to vaccinated mothers might be exposed, either prenatally or postnatally, to infections that can adversely affect neurodevelopment. To preliminary explore the epidemiological basis for this possibility, we conducted a pilot ecological study analysing the historical trends of rubella vaccination — a virus known to impact foetal brain development — and autism prevalence in the US, Japan, England/UK, Sweden, and France. The data reveal a very strong correlation (Pearson’s k = 0.8) between historical vaccine coverage and autism prevalence in the US for the period 1969-1999. We also found a strong correlation (k = 0.66) between the extent of prior rubella immunisation (1991-2009) and subsequent autism rates (2000-2018). Our analysis detected a time lag ranging from one to three decades (median 24 years) between the start of rubella immunisation programmes and a doubling in autism cases in the US, England/UK, Sweden, and Japan. The odds of being diagnosed with autism occurring 20 years following the initiation these programmes in each country were higher in the US (OR = 21.2), Sweden (OR = 3.68), and UK (OR = 2.92). While this pilot ecological study does not establish causality, the data presented here should prompt further investigation into the relationship between susceptibility to rubella and other viral infections in vaccinated populations, likely due to waning immunity, and the increase in neurodevelopmental disorders observed in recent decades.
Evaluating the Role of Digital Platforms in Disseminating Pregnancy-related Health Information: A Systematic Review
Authors: Toutziaraki Stavroula , Sarantaki Antigoni , Gourounti Kleanthi , Dagla Maria , Iliadou Maria , Bolou Angeliki , Galanis Petros
Published: April 2024

Background The Internet is a widely utilized platform for accessing health-related information and pregnant women are no different in this regard. The aim of the present study was to review and describe the use of the internet as a source of information during pregnancy.Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching electronic databases such as PubMed until May 2023. The author also conducted general Internet searches using combinations of the search terms in the Google search engine. The search terms were as follows: pregnancy, “pregnancy period”, “pregnant women”, internet, network, information, “information sources”, “information resources”, “information tools”, and “information providers”. The search was limited to English language papers without limitations regarding publishing dates. Quantitative studies were sought, that reported original research and described Internet use by pregnant women and women within one year postpartum.Results Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. This systematic review found that women used the Internet as a source of information during pregnancy. The most often mentioned topics of interest were fetal development, stages of delivery and nutrition. Women generally find health information on the internet as reliable and useful. Some papers included in this review found that higher education is associated with increased Internet use and the pregnant women with a university degree used the Internet more than women with less than a high school education, and that nulliparous women were more likely to seek information than multiparous women.Conclusions Most of the pregnant women did not discuss the information they have retrieved from the Internet with their health providers. Consequently, healthcare providers should be prepared to support women in effectively navigating online resources, as well as interpreting and integrating the retrieved knowledge.
Effectiveness of Thought Stopping in Treating Obsessive-Compulsive and Compulsive Hoarding Disorders: A Preliminary Exploratory Study
Authors: Aldahadha Basim
Published: April 2024

Background:
The present study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a counseling program based on thought stopping among female students suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and compulsive hoarding disorder (CHD). The sample consisted of 40 students distributed equally and randomly to the treatment group and waiting list group. OCD and CHD scales and a program based on cognitive behavioral therapy in thought stopping were applied.
Results:
The results showed that there were significant differences between the treatment and waiting list groups in OCD and CHD in favor of the treatment group on the post measurements. The results also showed the effectiveness of the program in thought stopping on the post measurements and at follow-up a month after program termination.
Conclusions:
There is the effectiveness of thought-stopping in alleviating the symptoms of OCD and HCD. Attention should be given to early intervention of thought-stopping to reduce CHD by raising awareness of the roles of nurturing and the environment in which this disorder grows and how to prevent it.
Wilhelm Fraenger : Auswahlbibliographie
Authors: Heyer Theresa
Published: April 2024

Die Bibliographie verzeichnet neben der Baudelaire-Übersetzung primär Fraengers translationsrelevante Herausgeberschaften. Umfassendere Bibliographien finden sich in den Büchern von Ingeborg Baier-Fraenger (1994) und Petra Weckel (2001).
“Above all, there’s our humanity”: Teachers’ intertextual responses to reading an ancient Hebrew text
Authors: Teomim-Ben Menachem Esty , Elkad-Lehman Ilana
Published: April 2024

This study examines the role played by intertextual connections suggested by teachers engaged in an interpretive dialogue on a sixth-century Hebrew text. This is a multiple-case study based on intertextual conversation research. The participants—26 Hebrew-as-L1 teachers in secular schools in Israel—were asked to study the text in havruta, a traditional Jewish approach to studying sacred texts, involving a dyad of learners who debate their meanings. Every havruta conversation was considered a case and was compared to the others. After the conversations, interviews were conducted with some of the teachers to learn more about the intertextual links that emerged. The findings suggested significant variance in the number and content of intertextual connections between the groups, given the teachers’ religiosity or previous experience with traditional Jewish texts. The connections suggested shaped the processing of the text, the teachers’ attitudes thereto, and their willingness to teach it. The main conclusion is that studying in multicultural havruta groups increases intertextual connections emerge and helps teachers to interpret the text.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av The Children’s Communication Checklist - Second Edition (CCC-2)
Authors: Reindal Lise , Brøndbo Per Håkan , Jozefiak Thomas
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: The Children’s Communication Checklist-Second Edition (CCC-2; Bishop, 2003) kartlegger muntlig og pragmatisk språk hos barn i aldersgruppen 4:0–16:11 år. Norsk og internasjonal rettighetshaver er Pearson Assessment. Den norske oversettelsen er utført av Wenche Andersen Helland og Lillian Hollund-Møllerhaug med hjelp fra klinisk ekspertise, og ble ferdigstilt i 2011. Sjekklisten består av 70 utsagn fordelt på ti subskalaer, som gir grunnlag for indeks-skårene Generell kommunikasjonsindeks (GKI) og Indeks for avvik i sosial interaksjon (IASI). CCC-2 resultatprofilen gir informasjon om strukturelle og pragmatiske språkferdigheter, samt sosiale aspekter som vanligvis er påvirket hos barn med autismespekterforstyrrelser. Tolkning av og tilbakemelding på CCC-2 resultater krever spesialkompetanse innen språkområdet.
Litteratursøk: Av 196 skandinaviske treff oppfylte elleve norske publikasjoner inklusjonskriteriene. Fire av publikasjonene var knyttet til den norske standardiseringen. Utvalgene var i hovedsak norske barn i skolealder, og inkluderte barn som hadde vært i kontakt med logoped, PPT og spesialisthelsetjeneste. To studier omhandlet relativt små utvalg med spesifikke syndromer.
Psykometri: Det er funnet samme mønster for GKI-skårenes persentilfordeling som i den britiske normeringsstudien, men GKI-skår tilsvarende 10. persentil i det norske utvalget var høyere. Norske studier understøtter i tillegg instrumentets reliabilitet, begrepsvaliditet og kriterievaliditet.
Konklusjon: De psykometriske egenskapene til den norske versjonen av CCC-2 er lovende, men ikke tilstrekkelig undersøkt. Begrepsvaliditeten underbygges av flere studier som finner forventede skåringsforskjeller mellom kliniske grupper og normalgrupper. Enkeltskalaenes indre konsistens er støttet og i tråd med funn for den britiske versjonen. Foreliggende data fra skandinaviske studier når det gjelder faktorstruktur, kriterievaliditet og inter-rater reliabilitet er imidlertid mangelfulle. Videre vurderes normgrunnlaget per i dag som begrenset. CCC-2 ser ut til å være et valid instrument for å identifisere barn med mulig språkforstyrrelse, og barn som bør utredes mer grundig for autismespekterforstyrrelser. Det er imidlertid behov for avklaring av hvilken GKI cut-off som bør benyttes ved CCC-2 kartlegging av språkvansker i skandinaviske utvalg. Klinisk profiltolkning bør gjøres med forsiktighet, og av fagpersoner med kompetanse innen språkområdet.
Особенности отношения студентов младших курсов медицинского вуза к научно-исследовательской работе
Authors: Кузьмин В.П.
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена анализу отношения студентов младших курсов медицинского вуза к научно-исследовательской работе. Рассматриваются современные функции вуза. Выявляются поведенческие проявления студентов. Изучается типология студентов в актуализации учебно-профессиональных способностей и их реализации в соответствии с вузовскими требованиями. Рассматриваются приоритетные и учебно-деятельностные стратегии молодых людей в вузе. Раскрываются мотивы участия обучающихся респондентов в научно-исследовательской работе.
TESSITURA DO ERRO E SUAS CAUSAS ENTRE ENTENDIMENTO E VONTADE NA FILOSOFIA DE DESCARTES
Authors: Braga Lélio Favacho , Braga Aline Nascimento , Silva Alves Maria Gilvania da Silva Alves , Santos da Silva Shirsley Joany dos , A. B. da Silva Jr Carlos , Braga Alessandra Nascimento
Published: April 2024

Este ensaio adota uma abordagem filosófica analítica para investigar a causa do erro na Filosofia de René Descartes. Utiliza fontes primárias como as “Meditações Metafísicas” e os “Princípios da Filosofia”, juntamente com as “Regras para a orientação do espírito” do próprio autor, bem como fontes secundárias complementares. A fim de elucidar esta abordagem, enfatizam-se os elementos essenciais ligados à Vontade, ao Entendimento, à busca pelo conhecimento e à interação com a ideia de Deus. A metodologia empregada compreende uma análise textual minuciosa das obras mencionadas, com o propósito de identificar as concepções e argumentações de Descartes sobre a Vontade, a liberdade, o erro e a busca pela verdade. Ao concluir, percebe-se, a partir desta análise, a síntese dos conceitos fundamentais da perspectiva filosófica cartesiana acerca da natureza do erro e suas origens.
Animals and Artificial Intelligence: Nonhumans as Moral Agents?
Authors: Baďurová Barbora
Published: April 2024

There is a widely debated issue regarding the status and impact of exponentially growing artificial intelligence. The article deals with the problem of the moral agency of animals, and artificial intelligence. The author addresses several criteria for moral agents and tries to find the answer to the question of whether we can treat animals and AI as moral agents. The author uses mostly method of philosophical analysis and comparative method. The author claims that moral agency is not a necessary condition for moral status and doubts the practicality of attributing full moral agency to animals and AI. Moreover, claims that moral agency comes in degrees and different kinds and therefore we have to consider the complex nature of moral agency when dealing with moral actions. For instance, even human moral agents are not all on the same level of development as suggested not just by empirical evidence but also virtue ethics.