bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erhebung der arbeitsplatzbezogenen subjektiven Belastungs- und Beanspruchungssituation von Akkord- und Fließbandarbeitern im Versandhandel
Authors: Rother Julia , Darius Sabine , Böckelmann Irina
Published: August 2024

In einer zunehmend digitalisierten Gesellschaft sind die Beschäftigten im Versandhandel aufgrund der steigenden Nachfrage einer hohen Arbeitsbelastung ausgesetzt, die nicht nur körperlicher, sondern auch psychischer Natur sein kann. Gerade Akkord- und Fließbandarbeit als eine Form taktgebundener Arbeit sind im Versandhandel weit verbreitet und stellen hohe Anforderungen an die Beschäftigten. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht vergleichend Faktoren der subjektiv empfundenen psychischen und körperlichen Belastung und die Folgen der subjektiv empfundenen Beanspruchung von Akkord- und Fließbandarbeitern eines deutschen Logistikunternehmens. Insgesamt wurden 49 Probanden rekrutiert, von denen 24 (Alter: 47,5 ± 11,6 Jahre) in der Kommissionierung unter Akkordbedingungen und 25 (Alter. 49,4 ± 9,1 Jahre) am Fließband beschäftigt waren. Die Erfassung der Belastung und der daraus resultierenden Beanspruchung erfolgte mittels Fragebogen zur subjektiven Einschätzung der Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz (FEBA). Die Akkordarbeiter berichteten signifikant häufiger von einer hohen körperlichen Arbeitsbelastung (p < 0,05), wohingegen die Beschäftigten am Fließband eher unter Bewegungsmangel (p < 0,001) und langen Sitzperioden (p < 0,001) litten. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Präventionsmaßnahmen abgeleitet, die die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten im Versandhandel und somit deren Arbeitsfähigkeit langfristig erhalten sollen.
Environment-Friendly, High-Performance Lignin-Derived and Polyvinyl Alcohol Blended Resin for All-Green Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composite
Authors: Pham Duc Hoa , Kumar Bijender , Kim Jaehwan
Published: August 2024

With the growing awareness of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, developing bio-based, multi-functional, water-based and high-performance resins is in urgent demand for structural applications. This study demonstrates how water-based lignin-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resins can be used as a matrix in natural-fiber-reinforced composites for high-performance applications. The lignin-derived water-based resin is synthesized by blending demethylated lignin quinone (DLq) and PVA to obtain PVA-blended-DLq (PDLq) resin, followed by thermal curing. Compared to neat PVA, the optimized PDLq resin demonstrates a significant 30.5% increase in tensile strength to 162.86 MPa and a 45% improvement in Young’s modulus to 8.52 GPa. It also shows good UV shielding performance, around 100% for UVB and 99.5% for UVA. Compared to previously reported jute composites, the treated jute fiber (TJF)-reinforced PDLq composite fabricated through hot pressing demonstrates superior flexural strength, 190.9 ± 7.1 MPa and flexural modulus, ~ 13.8 GPa. The water-based PDLq resin synthesized shows potential for UV shielding and all-green natural-fiber-reinforced PDLq composite for indoor high-performance applications.
From Colonial Empires to Umpires: An Investigation into the Role of Colonial Legacy in Attitudes Towards Subordinates
Authors: Alfano Vincenzo , Guarino Massimo
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact that historical colonial legacies have on supraordinate behavior towards subordinates with whom a colonial past is shared. Analyzing data from the FIFA World Cup, we investigate the referee bias exhibited towards teams from formerly colonized countries and teams from countries that were formerly colonizers. Our findings reveal that referees from countries with colonial histories tend to take a stricter approach with players from their nation’s former colonies. This intriguing effect is not reciprocated, as referees from former colonized countries do not exhibit a similar bias towards their former colonizers. This result does not h old for shorter periods of colonization, nor is it explained by a common language. These results highlight the complex interplay between historical colonial dynamics and contemporary interactions and shed light on the lasting influence of colonial legacies. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of postcolonial attitudes and emphasizes the need for awareness, training, and dialogue to ensure fair treatment in sports and beyond.
The Effect of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorellales: Chlorellaceae) on the Fertility of Sandy Soils and on the Composition of Soil Leachates
Authors: Garbowski Tomasz
Published: August 2024

The aim of the manuscript was to verify the hypothesis whether the algal biomass of Chlorella vulgaris added as a fertilizer affects the properties of a sandy soil and the leachates from that soil. A pot experiment was conducted using sandy soil, which was enriched with a suspension of live Chlorella vulgaris cells. The concentrations of total nitrogen (Ntotal), ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus (Ptotal), phosphate phosphorus, potassium, sulphates, turbidity, pH and electrolytic conductivity (EC) were determined in the leachates from soil. Soil samples from each pot were analysed for Ntotal, Ptotal, Pavailable, Kavailable, calcium (Ca), organic carbon (Corg.) and pH. Soil fertilized with suspended biomass of Chlorella vulgaris was enriched with nutrients, mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium. The use of algae has also helped reduce nutrient losses in the soil. There was an increase in the concentration of SO42− ions in the tested leachates, which could pose a potential threat to the environment. Conducted studies confirm the hypothesis that Chlorella vulgaris added to sandy soil as a suspension of living cells affects the fertilizing properties of the soil and the composition of leachates from the fertilized soil. Soil fertilized with Chlorella vulgaris biomass is more resistant to nutrient leaching. An important conclusion of the study is that the composition of soil leachates needs to be monitored when testing and applying this type of fertilizer, due to the risk of sulphates entering into the groundwater.
Progress in acoustic measurements and geoacoustic applications
Authors: Fa Lin , Yang Huiting , Fa Yuxiao , Meng Shuangshuang , Bai Jurong , Zhang Yandong , Fang Xiangrong , Zou Xiao , Cui Xinhao , Wang Yanli , Zhao Meishan
Published: August 2024

Geoacoustic exploration is a rapidly evolving field investigating underground rock formations and sediment environments through acoustic waves. In this paper, we present a review of recent research progress, focusing on newly discovered physical phenomena, such as the reflection and refraction of acoustic waves at the interface between anisotropic rocks and between liquid and solid, the characteristics of electric-acoustic (and acoustic-electric) conversion of piezoelectric transducers, the physical mechanism of acoustic wave propagation in viscous media, and the generation of intrinsic noise. We developed new physical models, introduced a parallel transmission network describing piezoelectric transducers for electric-acoustic (and acoustic-electric) energy transfer, and derived new formulations and algorithms associated with the latest model. We will discuss the potential of abnormal incidence angle, acoustic attenuation, and acoustic Goos-Hänchen effect and propose a method of inversion of formation reflection coefficient using logging and seismic data acquired from anisotropic rocks with dip angle. We will also discuss the physical mechanism and potential applications of the intrinsic noise generated inside viscous solid media. Finally, we introduce a parallel/series lumped vibrational transmission network, explain the acoustic measurement process, and discuss applications of the Kaiser effect in petroleum engineering.
Practice variation in home care nursing: mapping potential explanations through a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Brabers A.E.M. , Meijer M.A.M. , Groenewegen P. P. , Bleijenberg N. , Zwakhalen S. , de Jong J.D.
Published: August 2024

Needs assessment is the starting point of good home care as it determines which care is necessary, based on the needs of patients, their personal situation, and social context. There are indications that practice variation in needs assessment exists among home care nurses. However, little is known about potential explanations for this variation. Therefore, we explored potential explanations for practice variation in other areas and examined whether these explanations can be applied to explain variation in needs assessment in home care nursing. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on practice variation in (1) needs assessment in home care nursing, (2) home care nursing in general, and (3) medical care in general, with searches in PubMed and CINAHL. We assessed over 6,000 references. Ultimately, 386 studies were included. Explanations for practice variation were grouped into micro, meso and macro level. This scoping review provided insight into a wide variety of variables that might play a role in explaining practice variation in (needs assessment in) home care nursing, such as availability of guidelines, organisational culture, team norms, resources, and preferences of patients. However, the small literature on needs assessment by home care nurses devoted more attention to patients and their social context, compared to the literature on practice variation in general. We discuss how and to what extent these variables could relate to practice variation in (needs assessment in) home care nursing. Future research should empirically examine the role of these variables in explaining the observed practice variation.
Performance analysis of an Active Magnetic Regenerative system using Al2O3 nanofluids
Authors: Singh Sumit Kumar , Lee Jong Suk
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the utilization of Al2O3 nanofluids in an Active Magnetic Regenerative (AMR) system, focusing on varying nanoparticle concentrations from 0.01 to 1.0%. Numerical modelling is used to analyze the effects of nanoparticle incorporation on system efficiency and cooling performance. Al2O3 nanoparticles are found to significantly increase the thermal conductivity, density, and viscosity of the base fluid while reducing specific heat capacity. Comparative analysis reveals that Al2O3 nanofluids outperform pure water in terms of cooling performance, achieving a lower final temperature and a higher temperature span after 60 min of operation. Moreover, the study highlights that cooling capacity and pumping work increase with higher nanoparticle concentrations, with a notable improvement of 64.95% in cooling capacity and 39.31% in pumping work for the 1.0% Al2O3 nanofluid compared to water. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the AMR system peaks at an optimal nanoparticle concentration of 0.2%, reaching 3.88, before declining due to increased pumping power requirements.
Prandtl number dependence of flow topology in quasi-two-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Wang Ze-Hao , Chen Xin , Xu Ao , Xi Heng-Dong
Published: August 2024

To date, a comprehensive understanding of the influence of the Prandtl number (

$Pr$

) on flow topology in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) remains elusive. In this study, we present an experimental investigation into the evolution of flow topology in quasi-two-dimensional turbulent RBC with

$7.0 \leq Pr \leq 244.2$

and

$2.03\times 10^{8} \leq Ra \leq 2.81\times 10^{9}$

. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements reveal the flow transitions from multiple-roll state to single-roll state with increasing

$Ra$

, and the transition is hindered with increasing

$Pr$

, i.e. the transitional Rayleigh number

$Ra_t$

increases with

$Pr$

. We mapped out a phase diagram on the flow topology change on

$Ra$

and

$Pr$

, and identified the scaling of

$Ra_t$

on

$Pr$

:

$Ra_t \sim Pr^{0.93}$

in the low

$Pr$

range, and

$Ra_t \sim Pr^{3.3}$

in the high

$Pr$

range. The scaling in the low

$Pr$

range is consistent with the model of balance of energy dissipation time and plume travel time that we proposed in our previous study, while the scaling in the high

$Pr$

range implies a new governing mechanism. For the first time, the scaling of

$Re$

on

$Ra$

and

$Pr$

is acquired through full-field PIV velocity measurement,

$Re \sim Ra^{0.63}\,Pr^{-0.87}$

. We also propose that increasing horizontal velocity promotes the formation of the large-scale circulation (LSC), especially for the high

$Pr$

case. Our proposal was verified by achieving LSC through introducing horizontal driving force

$Ra_H$

by tilting the convection cell with a small angle.
Maximizing the probability of visiting a set infinitely often for a Markov decision process with Borel state and action spaces
Authors: Dufour François , Prieto-Rumeau Tomás
Published: August 2024

We consider a Markov control model with Borel state space, metric compact action space, and transitions assumed to have a density function with respect to some probability measure satisfying some continuity conditions. We study the optimization problem of maximizing the probability of visiting some subset of the state space infinitely often, and we show that there exists an optimal stationary Markov policy for this problem. We endow the set of stationary Markov policies and the family of strategic probability measures with adequate topologies (namely, the narrow topology for Young measures and the
$ws^\infty$
-topology, respectively) to obtain compactness and continuity properties, which allow us to obtain our main results.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and precipitation with infections from five food-borne bacterial pathogens
Authors: Manchal Naveen , Young Megan K. , Castellanos Maria Eugenia , Leggat Peter , Adegboye Oyelola
Published: August 2024

Studies on climate variables and food pathogens are either pathogen- or region-specific, necessitating a consolidated view on the subject. This study aims to systematically review all studies on the association of ambient temperature and precipitation on the incidence of gastroenteritis and bacteraemia from Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Vibrio, and Listeria species. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to 9 March 2023. We screened 3,204 articles for eligibility and included 83 studies in the review and three in the meta-analysis. Except for one study on Campylobacter, all showed a positive association between temperature and Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio sp., and Campylobacter gastroenteritis. Similarly, most of the included studies showed that precipitation was positively associated with these conditions. These positive associations were found regardless of the effect measure chosen. The pooled incidence rate ratio (IRR) for the three studies that included bacteraemia from Campylobacter and Salmonella sp. was 1.05 (95 per cent confidence interval (95% CI): 1.03, 1.06) for extreme temperature and 1.09 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.19) for extreme precipitation. If current climate trends continue, our findings suggest these pathogens would increase patient morbidity, the need for hospitalization, and prolonged antibiotic courses.
A replication and extension of adverse and benevolent childhood experiences along with contemporaneous social support and sociodemographic stress for perinatal mental health problems
Authors: Merrick Jillian S. , Narayan Angela J.
Published: August 2024

This study replicated and extended Narayan and colleagues’ (2018) original benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) study. We examined associations between adverse and positive childhood experiences and mental health problems in a second sample of low-income, ethnically diverse pregnant individuals (replication). We also examined effects of childhood experiences on perinatal mental health problems while accounting for contemporaneous support and stress (extension). Participants were 175 pregnant individuals (M = 28.07 years, SD = 5.68, range = 18–40; 38.9% White, 25.7% Latina, 16.6% Black, 12.0% biracial/multiracial, 6.8% other) who completed standardized instruments on BCEs, childhood maltreatment and exposure to family dysfunction, sociodemographic stress, and perinatal depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. They completed the Five-Minute Speech Sample at pregnancy and postpartum to assess social support from the other biological parent. Higher family dysfunction predicted higher prenatal depression symptoms, while higher BCEs and prenatal social support predicted lower prenatal PTSD symptoms. Prenatal depression and prenatal PTSD symptoms were the most robust predictors of postnatal depression and PTSD symptoms, respectively, although higher postnatal social support also predicted lower postnatal PTSD symptoms. Findings replicated many patterns found in the original BCEs study and indicated that contemporaneous experiences are also associated with perinatal mental health problems.
Preliminary investigation on the impact of salty and sugary former foods on pig liver and plasma profiles using OMICS approaches
Authors: Manoni Michele , Altomare Alessandra , Nonnis Simona , Ferrario Giulio , Mazzoleni Sharon , Tretola Marco , Bee Giuseppe , Tedeschi Gabriella , Aldini Giancarlo , Pinotti Luciano
Published: August 2024

Replacing cereals with food leftovers could reduce feed-food competition and keep nutrients and energy in the food chain. Former food products (FFPs) are industrial food leftovers no more intended for human but still suitable as alternative and sustainable feedstuffs for monogastric. In this study, omics approaches were applied to evaluate the impact of dietary FFPs on pig liver proteome and plasma peptidome. Thirty-six Swiss Large White male castrated pigs were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments [control (CTR), 30% CTR replaced with salty FFP (SA), 30% CTR replaced with sugary FFP (SU)] from the start of the growing phase (22.4 ± 1.7 kg) until slaughtering (110 ± 3 kg). The low number of differentially regulated proteins in each comparison matrix (SA/SU vs. CTR) and the lack of metabolic interaction indicated a marginal impact on hepatic lipid metabolism. The plasma peptidomics investigation showed low variability between the peptidome of the three dietary groups and identified three possible bioactive peptides in the SA group associated with anti-hypertension and vascular homeostasis regulation. To conclude, the limited modulation of liver proteome and plasma peptidome by the SA and SU diets strenghtened the idea of reusing FFPs as feed ingredients to make pig production more sustainable.
Emerging targets for positron emission tomography imaging in proteinopathies
Authors: Chassé Melissa , Vasdev Neil
Published: August 2024

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of neurodegenerative disease has historically focused on a small number of established targets. The development of selective PET radiotracers for novel biological targets enables new ways to interrogate the neuropathology of proteinopathies and will advance our understanding of neurodegeneration. This perspective aims to highlight recent PET radiotracers developed for five emerging targets in proteinopathies (i.e., mHTT, BACE1, TDP-43, OGA, and CH24H).
Genetic association of serum calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and FGF23 with the risk of aortic stenosis
Authors: Zhao Qinghao , Nie Wenchang , Dong Jiaming , Zhang Bowen , Tang Gongzheng , Hong Shenda , Liu Jian
Published: August 2024

Disorders of mineral metabolism, including elevated levels of serum calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH-VitD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), have been reported in patients with calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). However, evidence of the causal role of mineral metabolism in CAVS is still lacking. In this study, we employed a systematic pipeline combining Mendelian randomization (MR), Steiger directionality test, colocalization analysis, protein-protein network, and enrichment analysis to investigate the causal effect of mineral metabolism on CAVS. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and protein quantitative trait loci data for mineral metabolism markers were extracted from large-scale meta-analyses. Summary statistics for CAVS were obtained from two independent GWAS datasets as discovery and replication cohorts (n = 374,277 and 653,867). In MR analysis, genetic mimicry of serum FGF23 elevation was associated with increased CAVS risk [ORdiscovery = 3.081 (1.649–5.760), Pdiscovery = 4.21 × 10−4; ORreplication = 2.280 (1.461 – 3.558), Preplication = 2.82 × 10−4] without evidence of reverse causation (Psteiger= 7.21 × 10−98). Strong colocalisation association with CAVS was observed for FGF23 expression in the blood (PP.H4 = 0.96). Additionally, we identified some protein-protein interactions between FGF23 and known CAVS-associated genes. Serum calcium, phosphate, 25OH-VitD, and PTH failed to show causal effects on CAVS at Bonferroni-corrected significance (all P > 0.05/5 = 0.01). In conclusion, elevated serum FGF23 level may act as a causal risk factor for CAVS, and its mechanism of action in CAVS development may be independent of its function in regulating mineral metabolism. Hence, FGF23 may serve as a circulating marker and a promising preventive target for CAVS, warranting further investigation.
Synthesis and characterization of NiAl-hydride heterometallics: perturbing electron density within Al–H–Ni subunits
Authors: Gonzalez Aleida G. , Gonzalez Fernando , De Leon Edgardo , Birkhoff Kaitlyn M. , Yruegas Sam , Chen Haoyuan , Shoshani Manar M.
Published: August 2024

Heterobimetallic NiAl-hydride complexes with varying electronic profiles and charge are synthesized and interrogated in their degree of Ni–H character.
Effect of oil–water colloidal states in liquid feeds on extrudability and textural attributes of high-moisture meat alternatives
Authors: Stehle Florian , Woern Carlos , Tan Nicholle Kirsten , Weiss Jochen , Grossmann Lutz
Published: August 2024

Lipid incorporation into high-moisture meat alternatives by extrusion processing and its effect on extrudability, visual appearance, textural and structural properties is highly dependent on the colloidal state of the oil phase.
Blueberry extract attenuates DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice through inhibiting ER stress-mediated colonic apoptosis in mice
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Xin-Yu , Yuan Zhong-Yu , Wang Xiao-Han , Guan Yu-Ying , Zhu Ji-Xiao , Huang Wei-Feng , Liu Qing , Xu Guang-Hui , Yi Li-Tao
Published: August 2024

Blueberries attenuated DSS-induced IBD symptoms by inhibiting the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP mediated ER stress signaling pathway in the colon.
Branch-convergence structure based on double-layer chip: a universal method for enhancing microfluidic mixing
Authors: Wang Saijie , Zhang Zhihan , Xu Quanchen , Chen Yao , Wang Qian , Lu Boxi , Luo Xueqing , Wang Dou , Jiang Xingyu
Published: August 2024

The branch-convergence structure can reduce the flow width of each liquid, thereby decreasing the diffusion distances required for mixing.
Solution-processed high-k photopatternable polymers for low-voltage electronics
Authors: Sun Qingqing , Ge Hongwei , Wang Shuai , Zhang Xiaohang , Zhang Juzhong , Li Shisheng , Yao Zhiqiang , Zhang Lei , Liu Xuying
Published: August 2024

Cross-linkable high-k polymers were synthesized to exhibit good solution-processability and high-resolution photo-patternability, and allowed for fabricating large-area flexible electronics and pattern recognition devices in a large scale.
Advances in the heterostructures for enhanced hydrogen production efficiency: a comprehensive review
Authors: Tsai Chen-Yo , Chang Wei-Hsuan , Lu Ming-Yen , Chen Lih-Juann
Published: August 2024

The growing global energy demand and heightened environmental consciousness have contributed to the increasing interest in green energy sources, including hydrogen production.
Ion exchange in semiconductor magic-size clusters
Authors: Yang Yuelin , Zhang Haoyang , Deng Yalei , Kong Xinke , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: August 2024

This review aims to present recent advances in ion exchange of semiconductor magic-size clusters, discussing classification, influencing factors, challenges, and applications, while also providing an outlook on future research directions.
Shining light for organophotocatalysed site-selective sulfonylation of anilides
Authors: Singh Swati , Chakrabortty Gopal , Tiwari Kajal , Dagar Neha , Raha Roy Sudipta
Published: August 2024

An organophotocatalytic approach for the site-selective sulfonylation of C(sp2)–H bonds of anilide and quinoline amide derivatives utilizing aryl sulfonyl chlorides as a sulfonylating agent is developed.
Dual-responsive nanoparticles constructed using light- and redox-responsive linkages
Authors: Wang Yufu , Zhang Changhe , Choudhari Manjiri , Kermaniyan Sarah S. , Ritchie Chris , Such Georgina K.
Published: August 2024

Light- and redox-responsive nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple one-pot emulsion polymerization utilizing mild thiol-disulfide exchange reactions to direct the self-assembly process.
Engineering Escherichia coli with a symbiotic plasmid for the production of phenylpyruvic acid
Authors: Xiong Tianzhen , Gao Qiuyue , Zhang Jiting , Zhang Jiaguang , Zhang Can , Yue Huidie , Liu Junling , Bai Dingyuan , Li Jinying
Published: August 2024

An engineered Escherichia coli strain was constructed, and the plasmid copy number remained stable without antibiotic selection pressure. This work extends the production methods for whole-cell biotransformation.
Enhancement of acidic hydrogen evolution reaction efficiency through Cu/Ni-doped MFI-type protozeolite layered nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Xiaodi , Tong Xiyuan , Wang Junyang , Zhu Xinyu , Li Zhuozhe , Fang Fang , Qian Kun , E Yifeng
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical activation improves amorphous catalyst performance. Activation regulates the Cu oxidation state, improving hydrogen evolution performance. Cu2+1O plays a crucial role in improving the catalysts' stability.
Application of natural zeolite adsorption in cooperation with photosynthesis for the post-treatment of microbial fuel cells
Authors: Ho Que Nguyen , Hidaka Taira , Rahman Mukhlis A. , Yoshida Naoko
Published: August 2024

Natural zeolites based on adsorption, combined with photosynthesis as secondary treatment for microbial fuel cells, achieved 84.5% removal of NH4+.
Nanomaterial-based therapeutics for enhanced antifungal therapy
Authors: Liu Fang , Chen Yongcheng , Huang Yue , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian
Published: August 2024

This review comprehensively explores the application of nanotechnology for antifungal therapy, particularly focusing on enhancing interaction with fungi, stimuli-responsive drug release in fungal infected tissues, and crossing biological barriers.
Facile stoichiometric interfacial surface bonded cerium oxide and graphene oxide heterostructure for efficient electrochemical non-enzymatic detection of dopamine
Authors: Annadurai Hemarani , Vengudusamy Renganathan , Chen Shen-Ming , Kao C. R.
Published: August 2024

Facile stoichiometric interfacial surface bonded 2D graphene oxide–3D cerium oxide heterostructure for efficient electrochemical non-enzymatic detection of happy hormone.
Prediction of high carrier mobility for novel Janus Mo8S6Se6 monolayers with different phases: first principles calculations
Authors: Peng Yi , Li Xuli , Tang Xinyi , Jiao Ju , Zhu Qianqian , Cao Juexian
Published: August 2024

α- and β-phase Janus Mo8S6Se6 monolayers exhibit remarkably high hole mobilities (up to 104 cm2 V−1 S−1), indicating their potential as excellent candidates for high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Relaxor induced performance tuning around morphotropic phase boundary in Ba0.86Sr0.14Ti0.94Sn0.06 modified BNT-based ceramics
Authors: Song Xilong , Feng Jiaqing , Zhang Yiting , Liu Zixin , Liao Chen , Zhao Lin , Ma Jian , Wu Bo , Tao Hong
Published: August 2024

Optimized piezoelectric property and strain as well as improved stability based on a nonergodic to ergodic relaxor with reduced depolarization temperature in sodium bismuth titanate with a morphotropic phase boundary.
Soil greenhouse gas fluxes in corn systems with varying agricultural practices and pesticide levels
Authors: Saikawa Eri , Avramov Alexander , Basinger Nicholas , Hood Jerzi , Gaur Nandita , Thompson Aaron , Moore Angela , Wolf Douglas , Wu Yaoxing
Published: August 2024

We conducted a field campaign to quantify soil greenhouse gas fluxes from a corn farm with two agricultural practices (conventional and with cereal rye as a cover crop) and with three different pesticide levels (none, medium and high).
Extended Infrared Target Filtering via Random Finite Set and Low‐Rank Matrix Decomposition
Authors: Su Jian , Zhou Haiyin , Yu Qi , Zhu Jubo , Liu Jiying
Published: August 2024

Target detection in infrared remote sensing images has important practical applications. Among the current high‐performance methods, the deep learning‐based methods require training samples, and their generalization ability is also limited by the training set. The separation of low‐rank and sparse matrix requires joint processing of multiple images with high computational complexity. The track‐before‐detect algorithms based on particle filtering also have high computational complexity. In this paper, the low‐rank and sparse matrix of a single image are proposed for target detection, and a differentiable objective function is used in the separation. At the same time, an extended multitarget tracking algorithm based on random sets is used for target filtering between frames, and the design of the filters adopts the conjugate distribution under the Bayesian framework. Finally, the practical infrared sequence images containing multiple targets and complex backgrounds were employed to verify the performance of the proposed algorithms by comparing them with state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
An adaptive block‐wise prediction error‐based (AdaBPE) reversible data hiding in encrypted images for medical image transmission
Authors: Panchikkil Shaiju , Manikandan Vazhora Malayil , Pratim Roy Partha , Wang Shuihua , Zhang Yudong
Published: August 2024

Life expectancy has improved with new‐age technologies and advancements in the healthcare sector. Though artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are revolutionising smart healthcare systems, security of the healthcare data is always a concern. Reversible data hiding (RDH) is widely explored in the healthcare domain for secure data transmission and in areas like cloud computing, satellite image transmission, etc. Medical image transmission plays an important role in the smart health sector. In the case of medical images, a minute error in the reconstructed medical image can mislead the doctor, posing a threat to the patient’s health. Many RDH schemes have been proposed, but very few address from the view of medical images, and that too on high‐quality DICOM images. The proposed AdaBPE RDH scheme is a solution for secure transmission of the patient’s health report (PHR) and other sensitive information with medical specialists. The scheme put forward a technique that maintains a good trade‐off between the smooth pixels for maximum embedding in a block and a lossless recovery. Here, the cover medium employed to hide the patient’s sensitive information is an encrypted 16‐bit DICOM image. The scheme processes the cover image as disjoint blocks of equal size, embedding the information adaptively within the encrypted blocks pertaining to the nature of the actual pixel values in the block through MSB prediction error methodology. The outcomes are evaluated on both the 16‐bit DICOM images and 8‐bit natural images, and the scheme is well poised with RDH goal of BER = 0, PSNR = ∞, and SSIM = 1, achieving an average embedding of 5.7067 bpp on high‐quality medical images and 1.6769 bpp on natural images. The experimental results prove advantageous and are better than other similar state‐of‐the‐art schemes.
Wind power generation forecasting based on multi‐model fusion via blending ensemble learning architecture
Authors: Wang Jian , Hou Yanpeng , Ma Zhiqi , Qi Jianming
Published: August 2024

Because of the intermittency and randomness of wind power generation, constructing an accurate wind power generation forecasting model is of great necessity for stable operation and optimal scheduling of modern power systems. Considering the unsatisfied performance of the single learner model and the diverse learning abilities of different machine learning algorithms, XGBoost model, KNN algorithm, SVM algorithm, and CNN‐BiLSTM‐Attention neural network are integrated via blending ensemble architecture to construct the multi‐model fusion short‐term wind power forecasting model. Pearson correlation analysis is applied to reveal the interrelation between meteorological factors and wind power. Additionally, the training samples of base learners are reconstructed for ensuring all data can be utilized. The advantages of each learner are combined co‐ordinately via blending ensemble learning framework. Prediction results of ensemble learning model and single learner model are compared in the same scenario. Simulation results indicate that the ensemble learning model can effectively extract potential features of input information and realize higher prediction accuracy.
Disturbance observer‐based finite‐time control of a photovoltaic‐battery hybrid power system
Authors: Esmaeili Fatemeh , Koofigar Hamid Reza
Published: August 2024

Herein, the load power control of the stand‐alone photovoltaic‐battery hybrid power system (HPS) has been investigated. The underlying HPS consists of a boost DC‐DC converter, a non‐isolated bidirectional half‐bridge converter, a photovoltaic (PV) panel, and a battery pack. On the PV side, a disturbance observer‐based finite‐time terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) is used to regulate the DC bus to the desired voltage, in the presence of irradiation variation and load changes. On the battery side, the load power control system is constructed, based on a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm, with constraints on state‐of‐charge (SOC) and maximum current value of the battery to improve the battery life cycle and high reliability of the system. To highlight the benefits of the closed‐loop system, the analytical proofs and numerical analysis are presented from a comparative viewpoint. The experimentally derived results, by implementation on TMS320F28335 digital signal processing (DSP), are also presented and discussed for practical justification.
Layers of electron captures in the crust of accreting neutron stars
Authors: Suleiman L. , Zdunik J. L. , Haensel P.
Published: August 2024

The accumulation of accreted matter onto the neutron star surface triggers exothermic reactions in the crust. The heat released as a result influences the luminosity exhibited by the X-ray transient. The most common approach to the kinetics of exothermic reactions in the crust of accreting neutron stars is to consider an infinite reaction rate. Here, we investigate accretion-related heat release in the accreted outer crust of a neutron star by including a time-dependent accretion cycle and experimentally based reaction rates in the kinetics of electron captures above the reaction threshold. A simple model was used to compute the zero temperature equation of state of a crust in which two nuclei can coexist. We solved the abundance of parent nuclei as a function of the depth in the star and the time variable using astrophysically motivated features of the accreting system. We calculated the heat release and neutrino loss associated to reactions in the outer crust. We report the existence of layers in the outer crust, which contain both parent and grand-daughter nuclei of electron captures. The reactions can occur deeper in the shell than the reaction threshold, thus releasing more heat per accreted baryon for a given accretion rate. The electron capture layers continue to exist even when the accretion has stopped. The heat sources are time- and pressure-dependent in accreting crusts of neutron stars. The total heat released is a function of astrophysical (active and quiescent time) and microscopic (reaction rate) parameters Therefore, we conclude these parameters should be considered individually and carefully for a range of different sources.
Connecting stellar and galactic scales: Energetic feedback from stellar wind bubbles to supernova remnants
Authors: Fichtner Yvonne A. , Mackey Jonathan , Grassitelli Luca , Romano-Díaz Emilio , Porciani Cristiano
Published: August 2024

Context. Energy and momentum feedback from stars is a key element in models of galaxy formation and interstellar medium (ISM) dynamics, but resolving the relevant length scales in order to directly include this feedback remains beyond the reach of current-generation simulations.

Aims. We aim to constrain the energy feedback of winds, photoionisation, and supernovae (SNe) from massive stars.

Methods. We measure the thermal and kinetic energy imparted to the ISM on various length scales, which we calculate from high-resolution 1D radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. Our grid of simulations covers a broad range of densities, metallicities, and state-of-the-art evolutionary models of single and binary stars.

Results. A single star or binary system can carve a cavity of tens of parsecs (pc) in size into the surrounding medium. During the pre-SN phase, post-main sequence stellar winds and photoionisation dominate. While SN explosions dominate the total energy budget, the pre-SN feedback is of great importance by reducing the circumstellar gas density and delaying the onset of radiative losses in the SN remnant. Contrary to expectations, the metallicity dependence of the stellar wind has little effect on the cumulative energy imparted by feedback to the ISM; the only requirement is the existence of a sufficient level of pre-SN radiative and mechanical feedback. The ambient medium density determines how much and when feedback energy reaches distances of ≳10–20 pc and affects the division between kinetic and thermal feedback.

Conclusions. Our results can be used as a subgrid model for feedback in large-scale simulations of galaxies. The results reinforce that the uncertain mapping of stellar evolution sequences to SN explosion energy is very important for determining the overall feedback energy from a stellar population.
Numerical challenges for energy conservation inN-body simulations of collapsing self-interacting dark matter halos
Authors: Fischer Moritz S. , Dolag Klaus , Yu Hai-Bo
Published: August 2024

Context.Dark matter (DM) halos can be subject to gravothermal collapse if the DM is not collisionless, but engaged in strong self-interactions instead. When the scattering is able to efficiently transfer heat from the centre to the outskirts, the central region of the halo collapses and reaches densities much higher than those for collisionless DM. This phenomenon is potentially observable in studies of strong lensing. Current theoretical efforts are motivated by observations of surprisingly dense substructures. However, a comparison with observations requires accurate predictions. One method to obtain such predictions is to useN-body simulations. Collapsed halos are extreme systems that pose severe challenges when applying state-of-the-art codes to model self-interacting dark matter (SIDM).

Aims.In this work, we investigate the root of such problems, with a focus on energy non-conservation. Moreover, we discuss possible strategies to avoid them.

Methods.We ranN-body simulations, both with and without SIDM, of an isolated DM-only halo and we adjusted the numerical parameters to check the accuracy of the simulation.

Results.We find that not only the numerical scheme for SIDM can lead to energy non-conservation, but also the modelling of gravitational interaction and the time integration are problematic. The main issues we find are: (a) particles changing their time step in a non-time-reversible manner; (b) the asymmetry in the tree-based gravitational force evaluation; and (c) SIDM velocity kicks breaking the time symmetry.

Conclusions.Tuning the parameters of the simulation to achieve a high level of accuracy allows us to conserve energy not only at early stages of the evolution, but also later on. However, the cost of the simulations becomes prohibitively large as a result. Some of the problems that make the simulations of the gravothermal collapse phase inaccurate can be overcome by choosing appropriate numerical schemes. However, other issues still pose a challenge. Our findings motivate further works on addressing the challenges in simulating strong DM self-interactions.
Accretion flares from stellar collisions in galactic nuclei
Authors: Hu B. X. , Loeb A.
Published: August 2024

Context. The strong tidal force in a supermassive black hole’s (SMBH) vicinity, coupled with a higher stellar density at the center of a galaxy, make it an ideal location to study the interaction between stars and black holes. Two stars moving near the SMBH could collide at a very high speed, which can result in a high energy flare. The resulting debris can then accrete onto the SMBH, which could be observed as a separate event.

Aims. We simulate the light curves resulting from the fallback accretion in the aftermath of a stellar collision near a SMBH. We investigate how it varies with physical parameters of the system.

Methods. Light curves are calculated by simulating post-collision ejecta as N particles moving along individual orbits which are determined by each particle’s angular momentum, and assuming that all particles start from the distance from the black hole at which the two stars collided. We calculate how long it takes for each particle to reach its distance of closest approach to the SMBH, and from there we add to it the viscous accretion timescale as described by the alpha-disk model for accretion disks. Given a timestamp for each particle to accrete, this can be translated into into a luminosity for a given radiative efficiency.

Results. With all other physical parameters of the system held constant, the direction of the relative velocity vector at time of impact plays a large role in determining the overall form of the light curve. One distinctive light curve we notice is characterized by a sustained increase in the luminosity some time after accretion has started. We compare this form to the light curves of some candidate tidal disruption events (TDEs).

Conclusions. Stellar collision accretion flares can take on unique appearances that would allow them to be easily distinguished, as well as elucidate underlying physical parameters of the system. There exist several ways to distinguish these events from TDEs, including the much wider range of SMBH masses stellar collisions may exist around. The beginning of the Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time will greatly improve survey abilities and facilitate in the identification of more stellar collision events, particularly in higher-mass SMBH systems.
Disentangling the dust and gas contributions of the JWST/MIRI spectrum of Sz 28
Authors: Kaeufer T. , Woitke P. , Kamp I. , Kanwar J. , Min M.
Published: August 2024

Context. Recent spectra of protoplanetary disks around very low-mass stars (VLMS), captured by the Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), reveal a rich carbon chemistry. Current interpretations of these spectra are based on 0D slab models and provide valuable estimates for molecular emission temperatures and column densities in the innermost disk (radius ≲ 1 au). However, the established fitting procedures and simplified models are challenged by the many overlapping gas features.

Aims. We aim to simultaneously determine the molecular and the dust composition of the disk around the VLMS Sz 28 in a Bayesian way.

Methods. We modelled the JWST/MIRI spectrum of Sz 28 up to 17 μm using the Dust Continuum Kit with Line emission from Gas (DuCKLinG). Systematically excluding different molecules from the Bayesian analysis allowed for an evidence determination of all investigated molecules and isotopologues. We continued by examining the emission conditions and locations of all molecules, analysing the differences to previous 0D slab fitting, and analysing the dust composition.

Results. We find very strong Bayesian evidence for the presence of C2H2, HCN, C6H6, CO2, HC3N, C2H6, C3H4, C4H2, and CH4 in the JWST/MIRI spectrum of Sz 28. Additionally, we identify CH3 and find tentative indications for NH3. There is no evidence for water in the spectrum. However, we show that column densities of up to 2 × 1017 cm−2 could be hidden in the observational noise if assuming similar emission conditions of water as the detected hydrocarbons. Contrary to previous 0D slab results, a C4H2 quasi-continuum is robustly identified. We confirm previous conclusions that the dust in Sz 28 is highly evolved, with large grains (5 μm) and a high crystallinity fraction being retrieved. We expect some of the stated differences to previous 0D slab fitting results to arise from an updated data reduction of the spectrum, but also due to the different modelling process. The latter reason underpins the need for more advanced models and fitting procedures.
Gas dynamics around a Jupiter-mass planet
Authors: Lega E. , Benisty M. , Cridland A. , Morbidelli A. , Schulik M. , Lambrechts M.
Published: August 2024

Context. Giant planets grow and acquire their gas envelope during the disk phase. At the time of the discovery of giant planets in their host disk, it is important to understand the interplay between the host disk and the envelope and circum-planetary disk properties of the planet.

Aims. Our aim is to investigate the dynamical and physical structure of the gas in the vicinity of a Jupiter-mass planet and study how protoplanetary disk properties, such as disk mass and viscosity, determine the planetary system as well as the accretion rate inside the planet’s Hill sphere.

Methods. We ran global 3D simulations with the grid-based code fargOCA, using a fully radiative equation of state and a dust-to-gas ratio of 0.01. We built a consistent disk structure starting from vertical thermal equilibrium obtained by including stellar irradiation. We then let a gap open with a sequence of phases, whereby we deepened the potential and increased the resolution in the planet’s neighbourhood. We explored three models. The nominal one features a disk with surface density, ∑, corresponding to the minimum mass solar nebula at the planet’s location (5.2 au), characterised by an α viscosity value of 4 10−3 at the planet’s location. The second model has a surface density that is ten times smaller than the nominal one and the same viscosity. In the third model, we also reduced the viscosity value by a factor of 10.

Results. During gap formation, giant planets accrete gas inside the Hill sphere from the local reservoir. Gas is heated by compression and cools according to opacity, density, and temperature values. This process determine the thermal energy budget inside the Hill sphere. In the analysis of our disks, we find that the gas flowing into the Hill sphere is approximately scaled as the product ∑ν, as expected from viscous transport. The accretion rate of the planetary system (envelope plus circum-planetary disk) is instead scaled as √Σv, with its efficiency depending on the thermal energy budget inside the Hill sphere.

Conclusions. Previous studies have shown that pressure-supported or rotationally supported structures are formed around giant planets, depending on the equation of state (EoS) or on the opacity; namely, on the dust content within the Hill sphere. In the case of a fully radiative EoS and a constant dust to gas ratio of 0.01, we find that low-mass and low-viscosity circum-stellar disks favour the formation of a rotationally supported circum-planetary disk. Gas accretion leading to the doubling time of the planetary system of > 105 years has only been found in the case of a low-viscosity disk.