bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the selection consistency of Bayesian structured variable selection
Authors: Yang Kaixu , Shen Xiaoxi
Published: April 2017

A Bayesian variable selection framework is considered for analyzing image data. For the spatial dependencies to be modelled among the covariates, an Ising prior is assigned to the binary latent vector γ, which indicates whether a covariate should be selected or not. The selection process, that is, the estimation of γ, can be carried out with Gibbs sampler. Although the model has been used in many scientific applications, no theoretical development has been made. In this article, we established theories on the model selection consistency under mild conditions, which is an important theoretical property for high‐dimensional variable selection. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Star Studies
Authors: Shingler Martin
Published: April 2017

Martin Shingler presents the mother volume for Palgrave's Film Stars series in three easily-navigable chapters in which he provides a summative and instructive account of star studies for today's film student. Via a critical evaluation of the work of leading film scholars, he provides a convincing argument for howthis important area of film studies has evolved. Building on this, he offerssome new directions for star scholarship, and ends by offering the film student a useful set of themes and issues for his or her own investigation. 'Star Studies' is the perfect companion for the student who wishes to foster further research on stardom across a wide range of contexts, from national cinemas, to mainstream and marginal cinemas, to different historical periods and beyond.
Product Placement in Video Games: The Effect of Brand Familiarity and Repetition on Consumers’ Memory
Authors: Martí-Parreño José , Bermejo-Berros Jesús , Aldás-Manzano Joaquín
Published: April 2017

Product placement in video games is gaining momentum as a means to target audiences in an indirect and engaging way. This study uses a 2 (high repetition vs low repetition) × 2 (high brand familiarity vs low brand familiarity) factorial design to test the effects of repetition and brand familiarity on consumers’ memory for brands placed in video games. Results suggest that consumers recall familiar brands placed in the video game better than unfamiliar ones. Familiar brands also performed better in a brand recognition measure than unfamiliar brands. As no interaction effect of repetition was found, both familiar and unfamiliar brands will benefit equally of the effect of repetition. Managerial implications, limitations, and future research are also addressed.
Reinventing the Propeller
Authors: Kinney Jeremy R.
Published: April 2017

An international community of specialists reinvented the propeller during the Aeronautical Revolution, a vibrant period of innovation in North America and Europe from World War I to the end of World War II. They experienced both success and failure as they created competing designs that enabled increasingly sophisticated and 'modern' commercial and military aircraft to climb quicker and cruise faster using less power. Reinventing the Propeller nimbly moves from the minds of these inventors to their drawing boards, workshops, research and development facilities, and factories, and then shows us how their work performed in the air, both commercially and militarily. Reinventing the Propeller documents this story of a forgotten technology to reveal new perspectives on engineering, research and development, design, and the multi-layered social, cultural, financial, commercial, industrial, and military infrastructure of aviation.
The influence of the Drygalski Ice Tongue on the local ocean
Authors: Stevens Craig , Sang Lee Won , Fusco Giannetta , Yun Sukyoung , Grant Brett , Robinson Natalie , Yeon Hwang Chung
Published: April 2017

The Drygalski Ice Tongue presents an ~80 km long floating obstacle to alongshore flows in the Victoria Land coastal ocean region of the Western Ross Sea. Here we use oceanographic data from near to the tongue to explore the interplay between the floating glacier and the local currents and stratification. A vessel-based circuit of the glacier, recording ocean temperature and salinity profiles, reveals the southwest corner to be the coldest and most complex in terms of vertical structure. The southwest corner structure beneath the surface warm, salty layer sustains a block of very cold water extending to 200 m depth. In this same location there was a distinct layer at 370 m not seen anywhere else of water at ~−1.93°C. The new observations broadly, but not directly, support the presence of a coherent Victoria Land Coastal Current. The data suggest the northward moving coastal current turns against the Coriolis force and works its way anticlockwise around the glacier, but with leakage beneath the glacier through the highly ‘rippled’ underside, resulting in a spatially heterogeneous supply to the Terra Nova Bay Polynya region – an important location for the formation of high-salinity shelf water.
Adenosine Triphosphate Quantification Correlates Poorly with Microbial Contamination of Duodenoscopes
Authors: Olafsdottir Lovisa B. , Wright Sharon B. , Smithey Anne , Heroux Riley , Hirsch Elizabeth B. , Chen Alice , Lane Benjamin , Sawhney Mandeep S. , Snyder Graham M.
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to quantify the correlation between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements and bacterial cultures from duodenoscopes for evaluation of contamination following high-level disinfection.

DESIGN

Duodenoscopes used for any intended endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure were included. Microbiologic and ATP data were collected concomitantly and in the same manner from ERCP duodenoscopes.

SETTING

A high-volume endoscopy unit at a tertiary referral acute-care facility.

METHODS

Duodenoscopes were sampled for ATP and bacterial contamination in a contemporaneous and highly standardized fashion using a “flush-brush-flush” method for the working channel (WC) and a dry flocked swab for the elevator mechanism (EM). Specimens were processed for any aerobic bacterial growth (colony-forming units, CFU). Growth of CFU>0 and ATP relative light unit (RLU)>0 was considered a contaminated result. Frequency of discord between among WC and EM measurements were calculated using 2×2 contingency tables. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to calculate the relatedness of bacterial contamination and ATP as continuous measurements.

RESULTS

The Spearman correlation coefficient did not demonstrate significant relatedness between ATP and CFU for either a WC or EM site. Among 390 duodenoscope sampling events, ATP and CFU assessments of contamination were discordant in 82 of 390 WC measurements (21%) and 331 of 390 of EM measurements (84.9%). The EM was frequently and markedly positive by ATP measurement.

CONCLUSION

ATP measurements correlate poorly with a microbiologic standard assessing duodenoscope contamination, particularly for EM sampling. ATP may reflect biological material other than nonviable aerobic bacteria and may not serve as an adequate marker of bacterial contamination.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:678–684
From VAP to VAE: Implications of the New CDC Definitions on a Burn Intensive Care Unit Population
Authors: Lachiewicz Anne M. , Weber David J. , van Duin David , Carson Shannon S. , DiBiase Lauren M. , Jones Samuel W. , Rutala William A. , Cairns Bruce A. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E.
Published: April 2017

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent complication of severe burn injury. Comparing the current ventilator-associated event-possible VAP definition to the pre-2013 VAP definition, we identified considerably fewer VAP cases in our burn ICU. The new definition does not capture many VAP cases that would have been reported using the pre-2013 definition.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:867–869
Dynamic capabilities and organizational performance: The mediating role of innovation
Authors: Zhou Steven S , Zhou Abby J , Feng Junzheng , Jiang Shisong
Published: April 2017

How firms’ dynamic capabilities lead to their competitive advantage and improved firm performance has been a core issue and full of debates. In this research, we theorize that dynamic capabilities, which could be defined by three distinct dimensions (sensing capability, integration capability, and reconfiguration capability), facilitate different types of innovation that in turn improve firm performance. Based on a sample of 204 Chinese firms, results from partial least squares structural equation modeling analyses generally support our arguments despite some nuanced differences existing among different dimensions of dynamic capabilities. This study contributes to dynamic capabilities literature by reducing the scarcity of empirical research and by uncovering the mechanisms through which dynamic capabilities influence firm performance.
Scattering Polarisation of the d-States of Ions and Solar Magnetic Field: Effects of Isotropic Collisions
Authors: Derouich M. , Basurah H. , Badruddin B.
Published: April 2017

Analysis of solar magnetic fields using observations as well as theoretical interpretations of the scattering polarisation is commonly designated as a high priority area of the solar research. The interpretation of the observed polarisation raises a serious theoretical challenge to the researchers involved in this field. In fact, realistic interpretations need detailed investigations of the depolarising collisions.

The goal of this paper is to determine new relationships which allow the calculation of any collisional rates of the d-levels of ions by simply determining the value of n* and Ep without the need of determining treating the collisional problem.

In this work, we applied our collisional code to a large number of cases involving complex and simple ions. After that, the results are injected in a genetic programming code in order to infer original relationships which will be of great help to solar applications. We discussed the accuracy of our collisional rates in the cases of complex atoms and atoms with hyperfine structure.

We compared the results obtained through the new relationships with the results obtained directly by running our code of collisions. The percentage of error is about 10% in the average value.
Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of the Chencai migmatite, central Zhejiang Province, South China: constraints on the early Palaeozoic orogeny
Authors: LI LONGMING , LIN SHOUFA , LI JIANHUA , HE JIAN , GE YANPENG
Published: April 2017

U–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of zircons from the Chencai complex in Zhejiang Province have been determined to provide constraints on mechanisms of migmatization and tectonic evolution related to the early Palaeozoic orogeny in the Cathaysia Block, South China. Zircons from leucosome samples of migmatites are characterized by nebulous overgrowths enclosing inherited cores or occur as newly formed grains with weak zoning. Five samples gave weighted mean ages ranging from 438±3 Ma to 432±4 Ma, which are interpreted as recording the time of anatexis of a regional tectono-thermal event. TheirεHf(t) values range from −21.4 to −4.8 (with peak at −11), with correspondingTDM2ages of 1.73–2.77 Ga (with peak atc.1.9–2.3 Ga), suggesting that the protoliths formed by reworking of ancient crust evolved from Late Palaeoproterozoic – early Archaean crust–mantle differentiation. The migmatization was spatially and temporally associated with reported 460–435 Ma metamorphism with a clockwise pressure–temperature (P–T) path and was most likely controlled by crustal thickening driven by the early Palaeozoic orogenesis. TheTDM2ages of the Chencai complex are consistent with those of the Wuyi–Yunkai structural belt in the Cathaysia Block, but distinct from those (with peak at 2.7–3.0 Ga) of the Badu complex which lacks early Palaeozoic tectono-thermal records. The data support the suggestion that a postulated geological entity, instead of the east domain (the Badu complex being its main part) of the Cathaysia Block, was probably involved in the early Palaeozoic orogeny.
Active surveillance management of head and neck paragangliomas: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Harrison L , Corbridge R
Published: April 2017

Background:

Head and neck paragangliomas are rare. They are usually slow-growing, benign, non-catecholamine secreting tumours, traditionally treated with surgical excision. Complications of surgical excision include lower cranial nerve palsies, stroke and death.

Method:

A retrospective case note analysis was conducted of patients with head and neck paragangliomas treated with a watch-and-scan policy from March 2003 to September 2015, and the relevant literature was reviewed.

Results:

Fifteen head and neck paragangliomas were identified. None of the patients developed a new lower cranial nerve palsy or progression of their presenting hearing loss during the follow-up period. Five patients displayed an increase in maximum linear dimension of 4 mm over an average of 57.4 months. A review of the literature showed that a watch-and-surveillance scan policy is evolving as a treatment option for head and neck paragangliomas without malignant risk factors.

Conclusion:

Readily available surveillance scanning in head and neck paragangliomas enables the monitoring of head and neck paragangliomas, which may allow for avoidance of major surgery.
Facial carbuncle – a new method of conservative surgical management plus irrigation with antibiotic-containing solution
Authors: Ngui L X , Wong L S , Shashi G , Abu Bakar M N
Published: April 2017

Objective:

This paper reports on a non-conventional method for the management of facial carbuncles, highlighting its superiority over conventional surgical treatment in terms of cosmetic outcome and shorter duration of wound healing.

Background:

The mainstay of treatment for carbuncles involves the early administration of antibiotics in combination with surgical intervention. The conventional saucerisation, or incision and drainage, under normal circumstances results in moderate to large wounds, which may need secondary surgery such as skin grafting, resulting in a longer duration of wound healing and jeopardising cosmetic outcome.

Case reports:

The reported three cases presented with extensive carbuncles over the chin, face and lips region. In addition to early commencement of intravenous antibiotics, the pus was drained, with minimal incision and conservative wound debridement, with the aim of maximal skin conservation. This was followed by thrice-daily irrigation with antibiotic-containing solution for a minimum of 2 consecutive days. The wounds healed within two to four weeks, without major cosmetic compromise.

Conclusion:

The new method showed superior cosmetic outcomes, with a shorter duration of wound healing. Conservative surgical management can be performed under regional anaesthesia, which may reduce morbidity and mortality; patients with facial carbuncles often have higher risks with general anaesthesia.
Do DSM-5 Section II personality disorders and Section III personality trait domains reflect the same genetic and environmental risk factors?
Authors: Reichborn-Kjennerud T. , Krueger R. F. , Ystrom E. , Torvik F. A. , Rosenström T. H. , Aggen S. H. , South S. C. , Neale M. C. , Knudsen G. P. , Kendler K. S. , Czajkowski N. O.
Published: April 2017

Background

DSM-5 includes two conceptualizations of personality disorders (PDs). The classification in Section II is identical to the one found in DSM-IV, and includes 10 categorical PDs. The Alternative Model (Section III) includes criteria for dimensional measures of maladaptive personality traits organized into five domains. The degree to which the two conceptualizations reflect the same etiological factors is not known.

Methods

We use data from a large population-based sample of adult twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel on interview-based DSM-IV PDs and a short self-report inventory that indexes the five domains of the DSM-5 Alternative Model plus a domain explicitly targeting compulsivity. Schizotypal, Paranoid, Antisocial, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-compulsive PDs were assessed at the same time as the maladaptive personality traits and 10 years previously. Schizoid, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Dependent PDs were only assessed at the first interview. Biometric models were used to estimate overlap in genetic and environmental risk factors.

Results

When measured concurrently, there was 100% genetic overlap between the maladaptive trait domains and Paranoid, Schizotypal, Antisocial, Borderline, and Avoidant PDs. For OCPD, 43% of the genetic variance was shared with the domains. Genetic correlations between the individual domains and PDs ranged from +0.21 to +0.91.

Conclusion

The pathological personality trait domains, which are part of the Alternative Model for classification of PDs in DSM-5 Section III, appears to tap, at an aggregate level, the same genetic risk factors as the DSM-5 Section II classification for most of the PDs.
Governing populations through the humanitarian government of refugees: Biopolitical care and racism in the European refugee crisis
Authors: Mavelli Luca
Published: April 2017

The notion of humanitarian government has been increasingly employed to describe the simultaneous and conflicting deployment of humanitarianism and security in the government of ‘precarious lives’ such as refugees. This article argues that humanitarian government shouldalsobe understood as the biopolitical government of host populationsthroughthe humanitarian government of refugees. In particular, it explores how the biopolitical governmentality of the UK decision to suspend search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean in 2014, and the British rejection and German welcoming of Syrian refugees primarily concern thebiologicalandemotionalcare of the British and German populations. To this end, the article analyses how dynamics of inclusion/exclusion of refugees have been informed by a biopolitical racism that redraws the boundary between ‘valuable’ (to be included) and ‘not valuable’ (to be excluded) lives according to the refugees’ capacity to enhance the biological and emotional well-being of host populations. This discussion aims to contribute to three interrelated fields of research – namely, humanitarian government, biopolitical governmentality, and responses to the European refugee crisis – by exploring how biopolitics has shaped the British and German responses to the crisis and how it encompasses more meanings and rationalities than currently recognised by existing scholarship on humanitarian government.
Structure of multi-functional calcium phosphates/TiO2layers deposited on NiTi shape-memory alloy
Authors: Goryczka Tomasz , Dudek Karolina
Published: April 2017

The structure of the NiTi matrix covered by multi-layer was studied applying X-ray diffraction techniques supported by electron microscopy. Multi-layer was composed from titanium oxide (passivation) followed by mixture of the hydroxyapatite (HAp) andβ-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) (electrophoresis). Conditions of deposition as well as sintering did not change the nominal ratio of HAp/TCP and saved their original structure. Also, the passivated NiTi matrix and with HAp/TCP-deposited layer did not change structure. However, sintering, done for HAp/TCP consolidation, introduced local differences in the lattice parameter as well as phase composition of the NiTi matrix. In consequence of that, two-steps martensitic transformation occurred in sintered NiTi/TiO2/Hap–TCP composite.
Global importation and population risk factors for measles in New Zealand: a case study for highly immunized populations
Authors: HAYMAN D. T. S. , MARSHALL J. C. , FRENCH N. P. , CARPENTER T. E. , ROBERTS M. G. , KIEDRZYNSKI T.
Published: April 2017

As endemic measles is eliminated through immunization, countries must determine the risk factors for the importation of measles into highly immunized populations to target control measures. Despite eliminating endemic measles, New Zealand suffers from outbreaks after introductions from abroad, enabling us to use it as a model for measles introduction risk. We used a generalized linear model to analyze risk factors for 1137 measles cases from 2007 to June 2014, provide estimates of national immunity levels, and model measles importation risk. People of European ethnicity made up the majority of measles cases. Age is a positive risk factor, particularly 0–2-year-olds and 5–17-year-old Europeans, along with increased wealth. Pacific islanders were also at greater risk, but due to 0–2-year-old cases. Despite recent high measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine immunization coverage, overall population immunity against measles remains ~90% and is lower in people born between 1982 and 2005. Greatest measles importation risk is during December, and countries predicted to be sources have historical connections and highest travel rates (Australia and UK), followed by Asian countries with high travel rates and higher measles incidences. Our results suggest measles importation due to travel is seeding measles outbreaks, and immunization levels are insufficient to continue to prevent outbreaks because of heterogeneous immunity in the population, leaving particular age groups at risk.
Improving Sensitivity to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment: Cognitive Load Dual-Task Gait Speed Assessment
Authors: MacAulay Rebecca K. , Wagner Mark T. , Szeles Dana , Milano Nicholas J.
Published: April 2017

Objectives:Longitudinal research indicates that cognitive load dual-task gait assessment is predictive of cognitive decline and thus might provide a sensitive measure to screen for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, research among older adults being clinically evaluated for cognitive concerns, a defining feature of MCI, is lacking. The present study investigated the effect of performing a cognitive task on normal walking speed in patients presenting to a memory clinic with cognitive complaints.Methods:Sixty-one patients with a mean age of 68 years underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing, clinical interview, and gait speed (simple- and dual-task conditions) assessments. Thirty-four of the 61 patients met criteria for MCI.Results:Repeated measure analyses of covariance revealed that greater age and MCI both significantly associated with slower gait speed,ps<.05. Follow-up analysis indicated that the MCI group had significantly slower dual-task gait speed but did not differ in simple-gait speed. Multivariate linear regression across groups found that executive attention performance accounted for 27.4% of the variance in dual-task gait speed beyond relevant demographic and health risk factors.Conclusions:The present study increases the external validity of dual-task gait assessment of MCI. Differences in dual-task gait speed appears to be largely attributable to executive attention processes. These findings have clinical implications as they demonstrate expected patterns of gait-brain behavior relationships in response to a cognitive dual task within a clinically representative population. Cognitive load dual-task gait assessment may provide a cost efficient and sensitive measure to detect older adults at high risk of a dementia disorder. (JINS, 2017,23, 493–501)
Religious Change, Political Incentives, and Explaining Religious-Secular Relations in the United States and the Philippines
Authors: Buckley David T. , Wilcox Clyde
Published: April 2017

The interactions between religious and secular elites differ across societies, and those interactions may evolve differently even in the face of similarly controversial issues. What explains variation in relations between religious and secular elites in comparative settings? We highlight the links between religious change, political incentives, and the level of conflict or cooperation between religious and secular actors in public life. We illustrate distinct patterns of religious-secular relations with a paired comparison of two democracies with an intertwined history: the United States and the Philippines. In the United States, religious-secular relations have becoming increasingly conflictual as political incentives have changed in response to religious change. In the Philippines, in contrast, religious and secular actors maintain cooperative ties in part because relative religious stability has diminished political incentives to stoke religious-secular tensions.
Contrasting evolutionary genome dynamics between domesticated and wild yeasts
Authors: Yue Jia-Xing , Li Jing , Aigrain Louise , Hallin Johan , Persson Karl , Oliver Karen , Bergström Anders , Coupland Paul , Warringer Jonas , Lagomarsino Marco Cosentino , Fischer Gilles , Durbin Richard , Liti Gianni
Published: April 2017

Structural rearrangements have long been recognized as an important source of genetic variation, with implications in phenotypic diversity and disease, yet their detailed evolutionary dynamics remain elusive. Here we use long-read sequencing to generate end-to-end genome assemblies for 12 strains representing major subpopulations of the partially domesticated yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand its wild relativeSaccharomyces paradoxus. These population-level high-quality genomes with comprehensive annotation enable precise definition of chromosomal boundaries between cores and subtelomeres and a high-resolution view of evolutionary genome dynamics. In chromosomal cores,S. paradoxusshows faster accumulation of balanced rearrangements (inversions, reciprocal translocations and transpositions), whereasS. cerevisiaeaccumulates unbalanced rearrangements (novel insertions, deletions and duplications) more rapidly. In subtelomeres, both species show extensive interchromosomal reshuffling, with a higher tempo inS. cerevisiae. Such striking contrasts between wild and domesticated yeasts are likely to reflect the influence of human activities on structural genome evolution.
Hydrogenation of dimethyl malonate to 1,3-propanediol catalyzed by a Cu/SiO2catalyst: the reaction network and the effect of Cu+/Cu0on selectivity
Authors: Zheng Sainan , Zhu Kake , Li Wei , Ji Yang
Published: April 2017

1,3-Propanediol was synthesizedviathe hydrogenation of dimethyl malonate over a Cu/SiO2catalyst. The reaction network and active sites were revealed for the first time.
Bis(tri-n-alkylsilyl oxide) silicon phthalocyanines: a start to establishing a structure property relationship as both ternary additives and non-fullerene electron acceptors in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Dang Minh-Trung , Grant Trevor M. , Yan Han , Seferos Dwight S. , Lessard Benoît H. , Bender Timothy P.
Published: April 2017

This study explores the use of bis(tri-n-alkylsilyl oxide) silicon phthalocyanine as either ternary electroactive additives and replacements for PC61BM in P3HT based BHJ OPVs.
Controllable proton-conducting pathways via situating polyoxometalates in targeting pores of a metal–organic framework
Authors: Lai Xuying , Liu Yiwei , Yang Guocheng , Liu Shumei , Shi Zhan , Lu Ying , Luo Fang , Liu Shuxia
Published: April 2017

Herein, two types of proton-conducting pathways with zigzag and linear profiles in MIL-101 were formed by loading Keggin-type polyoxometalate H3PW12O40 into larger and smaller cages, respectively.
A sensitive and rapid assay of BNP in patient blood by micro-ELISA
Authors: Mori Emi , Oohashi Toshinori , Imai Hisashi , Mawatari Kazuma , Kitamori Takehiko
Published: April 2017

Microfluidic immunoassays are expected to be the next-generation diagnostic methods due to the small size of the reaction space and their high performance.
Nitrogen and fluorine dual-doped porous graphene-nanosheets as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen-evolution in acidic media
Authors: Yue Xin , Huang Shangli , Jin Yanshuo , Shen Pei Kang
Published: April 2017

Nitrogen and fluorine dual-doped porous graphene-nanosheets (NFPGNS) with pyridinic N doped rich configurations have been synthesized by a simple ion adsorption and chemical-etching method.
Crossover from localized to itinerant states in hydrocarbon Mott insulators
Authors: Phan Quynh T. N. , Oikawa Shimpei , Heguri Satoshi , Matsuda Yuki , Tanigaki Katsumi
Published: April 2017

Crossover from an isolated electronic state to an itinerant state in electron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was studied for the two smallest zigzag-type molecules of naphthalene (NN) and anthracene (AN) by focusing on their 1 : 1 stoichiometry, A1(NN) and A1(AN), with alkali metals (A = K and Rb).
A multiconfigurational approach to the electronic structure of trichromium extended metal atom chains
Authors: Spivak M. , Arcisauskaite V. , López X. , McGrady J. E. , de Graaf C.
Published: April 2017

Density functional theory, Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field (CASSCF) and perturbation theory (CASPT2) methodologies have been used to explore the electronic structure of a series of trichromium Extended Metal Atom Chains (EMACS) with different capping ligands.
Resolving synthetic challenges faced in the syntheses of asymmetric N,N′-ethylene-bridged energetic compounds
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Imler Gregory H. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: April 2017

Synthetic challenges faced during the syntheses of asymmetric N,N′-ethylene-bridged energetic compounds due to the differences in the reactivity and stability of various types of energetic rings are addressed.
Preparation of sulfonic acid functional proton conducting phosphazenes by covalent protection
Authors: Çelebi Elif Büşra , Hacıvelioğlu Ferda
Published: April 2017

An easy and efficient method has been developed for preparation of sulfonic acid functional cyclic and polymeric phosphazenes by selective covalent protection of the sulfonic acid moiety.
Rhodium-catalyzed denitrogenative transannulation of 1,2,3-triazolyl-carbamates: efficient access to 4-aminooxazolidinones
Authors: Pal Kuntal , Volla Chandra M. R.
Published: April 2017

The rhodium(ii)-catalyzed denitrogenative transannulation reaction of 1,2,3-triazolyl-carbamates was described providing an efficient access to biologically interesting 4-aminooxazolidinones in excellent yields and selectivities.
Effect of Lewis acid bulkiness on the stereoselectivity of Diels–Alder reactions between acyclic dienes and α,β-enals
Authors: Yepes Diana , Pérez Patricia , Jaque Pablo , Fernández Israel
Published: April 2017

The influence of Lewis acid bulkiness on the stereoselectivity of Diels–Alder reactions is analysed computationally in detail.
Self-templated formation of ZnFe2O4 double-shelled hollow microspheres for photocatalytic degradation of gaseous o-dichlorobenzene
Authors: Liu Baojun , Li Xinyong , Zhao Qidong , Hou Yang , Chen Guohua
Published: April 2017

Double-shelled ZnFe2O4 hollow microspheres were fabricated by a self-templated solvothermal method and applied to photocatalytic degradation of gaseous o-DCB.
Crystallization and sintering of borosilicate bioactive glasses for application in tissue engineering
Authors: Fabert M. , Ojha N. , Erasmus E. , Hannula M. , Hokka M. , Hyttinen J. , Rocherullé J. , Sigalas I. , Massera J.
Published: April 2017

Typical silicate bioactive glasses are known to crystallize readily during the processing of porous scaffolds. New borosilicate bioactive glass can be sintered without significant sign of crystallization.
Advection of nematic liquid crystals by chaotic flow
Authors: Ó Náraigh Lennon
Published: April 2017

Consideration is given to the effects of inhomogeneous shear flow (both regular and chaotic) on nematic liquid crystals in a planar geometry. The Landau–de Gennes equation coupled to an externally prescribed flow field is the basis for the study: this is solved numerically in a periodic spatial domain. The focus is on a limiting case where the advection is passive, such that variations in the liquid-crystal properties do not feed back into the equation for the fluid velocity. The main tool for analyzing the results (both with and without flow) is the identification of the fixed points of the dynamical equations without flow, which are relevant (to varying degrees) when flow is introduced. The fixed points are classified as stable/unstable and further as either uniaxial or biaxial. Various models of passive shear flow are investigated. When tumbling is present, the flow is shown to have a strong effect on the liquid-crystal morphology; however, the main focus herein is on the case without tumbling. Accordingly, the main result of the work is that only the biaxial fixed point survives as a solution of the Q-tensor dynamics under the imposition of a general flow field. This is because the Q-tensor experiences not only transport due to advection but also co-rotation relative to the local vorticity field. A second result is that all families of fixed points survive for certain specific velocity fields, which we classify. We single out for close study those velocity fields for which the influence of co-rotation effectively vanishes along the Lagrangian trajectories of the imposed velocity field. In this scenario, the system exhibits coarsening arrest, whereby the liquid-crystal domains are “frozen in” to the flow structures, and the growth in their size is thus limited.
Multi-particle localization for weakly interacting Anderson tight-binding models
Authors: Ekanga Trésor
Published: April 2017

We establish the complete spectral exponential and the strong Hilbert-Schmidt dynamical localization for the one-dimensional multi-particle Anderson tight-binding model and for weakly interacting particle system. In other words, we show the stability of the one-dimensional localization from the single-particle to multi-particle systems with an arbitrarily large but finite number of particles and for sufficient weakly interacting models. The proof uses the multi-scale analysis estimates for multi-particle systems. The common probability distribution function of the random external potential in the Anderson model is assumed to be log-Hölder continuous, so the results apply to a large class of Anderson models.
Introducing the mean field approximation to CDFT/MMpol method: Statistically converged equilibrium and nonequilibrium free energy calculation for electron transfer reactions in condensed phases
Authors: Nakano Hiroshi , Sato Hirofumi
Published: April 2017

A new theoretical method to study electron transfer reactions in condensed phases is proposed by introducing the mean-field approximation into the constrained density functional theory/molecular mechanical method with a polarizable force field (CDFT/MMpol). The method enables us to efficiently calculate the statistically converged equilibrium and nonequilibrium free energies for diabatic states in an electron transfer reaction by virtue of the mean field approximation that drastically reduces the number of CDFT calculations. We apply the method to the system of a formanilide-anthraquinone dyad in dimethylsulfoxide, in which charge recombination and cis-trans isomerization reactions can take place, previously studied by the CDFT/MMpol method. Quantitative agreement of the driving force and the reorganization energy between our results and those from the CDFT/MMpol calculation and the experimental estimates supports the utility of our method. The calculated nonequilibrium free energy is analyzed by its decomposition into several contributions such as those from the averaged solute-solvent electrostatic interactions and the explicit solvent electronic polarization. The former contribution is qualitatively well described by a model composed of a coarse-grained dyad in a solution in the linear response regime. The latter contribution reduces the reorganization energy by more than 10 kcal/mol.
Directed motion from particle size oscillations inside an asymmetric channel
Authors: Makhnovskii Yurii A. , Sheu Sheh-Yi , Yang Dah-Yen , Lin Sheng Hsien
Published: April 2017

The motion of a spherical Brownian particle in an asymmetric periodic channel is considered. Under an external periodic stimulus, the particle switches between two states with different particle radius, every half-period. Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we show that the particle size oscillation, combined with the asymmetry of the channel, induces a drift along the channel axis, directed towards the steeper wall of the channel. The oscillation of the particle size is accompanied by a time variation of the space accessible to the particle and by an oscillation of its diffusion coefficient. The former underlies the drift inducing mechanism of purely entropic nature. The latter, combined with the former, leads to a significant amplification of the effect. The drift velocity vanishes when interconversion between the states occurs either very slow or very fast, having a maximum in between. The position and magnitude of the maximum are discussed by providing an analytical approach based on intuitively appealing assumptions.
Polarizers, optical bridges, and Sagnac interferometers for nanoradian polarization rotation measurements
Authors: Rowe A. C. H. , Zhaksylykova I. , Dilasser G. , Lassailly Y. , Peretti J.
Published: April 2017

The ability to measure nanoradian polarization rotations, θF, in the photon shot noise limit is investigated for partially crossed polarizers (PCP), a static Sagnac interferometer, and an optical bridge, each of which can in principle be used in this limit with near equivalent figures-of-merit (FOM). In practice a bridge to PCP/Sagnac source noise rejection ratio of 1/4θF2 enables the bridge to operate in the photon shot noise limit even at high light intensities. The superior performance of the bridge is illustrated via the measurement of a 3 nrad rotation arising from an axial magnetic field of 0.9 nT applied to a terbium gallium garnet. While the Sagnac is functionally equivalent to the PCP in terms of the FOM, unlike the PCP it is able to discriminate between rotations with different time (T) and parity (P) symmetries. The Sagnac geometry implemented here is similar to that used elsewhere to detect non-reciprocal (T¯P) rotations like those due to the Faraday effect. Using a Jones’ matrix approach, novel Sagnac geometries uniquely sensitive to non-reciprocal TP¯ (e.g. magneto-electric or magneto-chiral) rotations, as well as to reciprocal rotations (e.g. due to linear birefringence, TP, or to chirality, TP¯) are proposed.
Spectroscopic investigations of plasma nitriding processes: A comparative study using steel and carbon as active screen materials
Authors: Hamann S. , Burlacov I. , Spies H.-J. , Biermann H. , Röpcke J.
Published: April 2017

Low-pressure pulsed DC H2-N2 plasmas were investigated in the laboratory active screen plasma nitriding monitoring reactor, PLANIMOR, to compare the usage of two different active screen electrodes: (i) a steel screen with the additional usage of CH4 as carbon containing precursor in the feeding gas and (ii) a carbon screen without the usage of any additional gaseous carbon precursor. Applying the quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy, the evolution of the concentration of four stable molecular species, NH3, HCN, CH4, and C2H2, has been monitored. The concentrations were found to be in a range of 1012–1016 molecules cm−3. By analyzing the development of the molecular concentrations at variations of the screen plasma power, a similar behavior of the monitored reaction products has been found for both screen materials, with NH3 and HCN as the main reaction products. When using the carbon screen, the concentration of HCN and C2H2 was 30 and 70 times higher, respectively, compared to the usage of the steel screen with an admixture of 1% CH4. Considering the concentration of the three detected hydrocarbon reaction products, a combustion rate of the carbon screen of up to 69 mg h−1 has been found. The applied optical emission spectroscopy enabled the determination of the rotational temperature of the N2+ ion which has been in a range of 650–900 K increasing with the power in a similar way in the plasma of both screens. Also with power the ionic component of nitrogen molecules, represented by the N2+ (0-0) band of the first negative system, as well as the CN (0-0) band of the violet system increase strongly in relation to the intensity of the neutral nitrogen component, i.e., the N2 (0-0) band of the second positive system. In addition, steel samples have been treated with both the steel and the carbon screen resulting in a formation of a compound layer of up to 10 wt. % nitrogen and 10 wt. % carbon, respectively, depending on the screen material.
Controlling phase of microwaves with active graphene surfaces
Authors: Balci Osman , Kakenov Nurbek , Kocabas Coskun
Published: April 2017

In this letter, we report a method to control the reflection phase of microwaves using electrically tunable graphene devices. The device consists of mutually gated large-area graphene layers placed at a quarter-wave distance from a metallic surface. This device structure yields electrically tunable resonance absorbance and step-like phase shift around the resonance frequency when the impedance of graphene matches with the free space impedance. Electrostatic control of charge density on graphene yields unprecedented ability to control both intensity (>50 dB) and phase (∼π) of the reflected electromagnetic waves with voltage. Furthermore, using the asymmetry of the doping at opposite polarity of the bias voltages, we showed bidirectional phase control with the applied voltage.
How structure sculpts function: Unveiling the contribution of anatomical connectivity to the brain's spontaneous correlation structure
Authors: Bettinardi R. G. , Deco G. , Karlaftis V. M. , Van Hartevelt T. J. , Fernandes H. M. , Kourtzi Z. , Kringelbach M. L. , Zamora-López G.
Published: April 2017

Intrinsic brain activity is characterized by highly organized co-activations between different regions, forming clustered spatial patterns referred to as resting-state networks. The observed co-activation patterns are sustained by the intricate fabric of millions of interconnected neurons constituting the brain's wiring diagram. However, as for other real networks, the relationship between the connectional structure and the emergent collective dynamics still evades complete understanding. Here, we show that it is possible to estimate the expected pair-wise correlations that a network tends to generate thanks to the underlying path structure. We start from the assumption that in order for two nodes to exhibit correlated activity, they must be exposed to similar input patterns from the entire network. We then acknowledge that information rarely spreads only along a unique route but rather travels along all possible paths. In real networks, the strength of local perturbations tends to decay as they propagate away from the sources, leading to a progressive attenuation of the original information content and, thus, of their influence. Accordingly, we define a novel graph measure, topological similarity, which quantifies the propensity of two nodes to dynamically correlate as a function of the resemblance of the overall influences they are expected to receive due to the underlying structure of the network. Applied to the human brain, we find that the similarity of whole-network inputs, estimated from the topology of the anatomical connectome, plays an important role in sculpting the backbone pattern of time-average correlations observed at rest.
Nonpolar and semipolar InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well solar cells with improved carrier collection efficiency
Authors: Huang Xuanqi , Fu Houqiang , Chen Hong , Zhang Xiaodong , Lu Zhijian , Montes Jossue , Iza Michael , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji , Zhao Yuji
Published: April 2017

We demonstrate the nonpolar and semipolar InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) solar cells grown on the nonpolar m-plane and semipolar (202¯1) plane bulk GaN substrates. The optical properties and photovoltaic performance of the nonpolar and semipolar InGaN solar cells were systematically studied, and the results were compared to the conventional polar c-plane devices. The absorption spectra, current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) were measured for nonpolar m-plane, semipolar (202¯1) plane, and polar c-plane InGaN/GaN MQW solar cells. Nonpolar m-plane InGaN/GaN MQW solar cells showed the best performance across all devices, with a high open-circuit voltage of 2.32 V, a low bandgap-voltage offset of 0.59 V, and the highest EQE and IQE. In contrast, the polar c-plane device showed the lowest EQE despite the highest absorption spectra. This huge difference is attributed to the better carrier transport and collection on nonpolar m-plane devices due to the reduced polarization effects, which were further confirmed by bias-dependent EQE measurements and energy band diagram simulations. This study demonstrates the high potential of nonpolar and semipolar InGaN solar cells and can serve as guidance for the future design and fabrication of high efficiency III-nitride solar cells.
4d excitation spectra of highly charged Pr ions in laser-produced plasmas
Authors: Su M. G. , Cao S. Q. , Min Q. , Sun D. X. , Dong C. Z.
Published: April 2017

Spectra of laser-produced praseodymium (Pr) plasmas have been acquired for the 7.5–14.5 nm wavelength range using spatio-temporally resolved emission spectroscopy. The characteristic features of experimental spectra are dominated by an intense narrow band and a broad quasi-continuous band. These derive from 4d-4f transitions of Pr3+ up to Pr7+ ions, according to Hartree-Fock calculations that evaluated configuration interaction effects. Plasma parameters have been estimated by comparing experimental and simulated spectra, based on the assumption of a normalized Boltzmann distribution among excited states and a steady-state collisional-radiative model. The results provide further understanding of radiation properties of highly charged ions of middle- and high-Z elements.
Thermal conductivity of (VO2)1-xCux composites across the phase transition temperature
Authors: Dahal Keshab , Zhang Qian , He Ran , Mishra Ishwar Kumar , Ren Zhifeng
Published: April 2017

The thermal conductivity across the metal-insulator transition (MIT) of hot-pressed polycrystalline vanadium dioxide (VO2) samples is studied. The change in the total thermal conductivity (k) of hot-pressed VO2 is insignificant across the MIT temperature. By adding copper (Cu) to make (VO2)1-xCux composites with x from 0 to 0.5, we find an increase in the electrical conductivity from 4 × 104 S m−1 to 1 × 106 S m−1 at 120 °C, resulting in an electronic thermal conductivity increase from 0.38 W m−1 K−1 for x = 0 to 3.8 W m−1 K−1 for x = 0.3, which is a significant increase. However, the total thermal conductivity did not increase due to the decrease in the value of the Lorenz number by an order of magnitude than its standard value using the Wiedemann-Franz relationship. On the basis of our experimental result, an empirical model is proposed to explain the thermal conductivity behavior of all (VO2)1-xCux samples with different Cu concentrations.
Topography evolution of germanium thin films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Schumacher P. , Mayr S. G. , Rauschenbach B.
Published: April 2017

Germanium thin films were deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) onto single crystal Ge (100) and Si (100) substrates with a native oxide film on the surface. The topography of the surface was investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to evaluate the scaling behavior of the surface roughness of amorphous and polycrystalline Ge films grown on substrates with different roughnesses. Roughness evolution was interpreted within the framework of stochastic rate equations for thin film growth. Here the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation was used to describe the smoothening process. Additionally, a roughening regime was observed in which 3-dimensional growth occurred. Diffusion of the deposited Ge adatoms controlled the growth of the amorphous Ge thin films. The growth of polycrystalline thin Ge films was dominated by diffusion processes only in the initial stage of the growth.