bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex virus 1 proteins can induce skin inflammation in an atopic dermatitis‐like mouse model
Authors: Novak Natalija , Weighardt Heike , Valdelvira Rafael , Izquierdo Elena , Förster Irmgard , Cabanillas Beatriz
Published: March 2021

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) can induce in certain individuals with atopic dermatitis (AD) severe cutaneous infections that can spread throughout the entire body, a condition named as AD complicated by eczema herpeticum (ADEH). It has been recently found that ADEH patients can produce specific IgE against HSV‐1 proteins, which may contribute to lower protection against HSV‐1. However, little is known about the capacity of these HSV‐1 proteins to produce an inflammatory response at the skin level. In this study, using a mouse model of AD‐like dermatitis, three HSV‐1 proteins (glycoprotein D ‐gD‐, glycoprotein B ‐gB‐ and VP22) were applied on tape‐stripped back skin mice in three exposures periods. Ovalbumin (OVA) and 0.9% NaCl were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Skin samples were obtained for analysis of specific cell components of skin infiltration. The results showed that the viral protein gD induced a statistically significant increase in the number of dermal infiltrating CD3+, CD4+ cells and mast cells compared with the negative control group. gD was also able to induce epidermal thickening and epidermal infiltration of T cells closely related to the one produced in mice sensitized with OVA. However, VP22 and gB contributed to a lesser extent to skin inflammation. These results showed that proteins from HSV‐1, especially gD, can have per se an important T cell and mast cell‐driven inflammatory potential at the skin level.
Recent climate change is creating hotspots of butterfly increase and decline across North America
Authors: Crossley Michael S. , Smith Olivia M. , Berry Lauren L. , Phillips‐Cosio Robert , Glassberg Jeffrey , Holman Kaylen M. , Holmquest Jacquelin G. , Meier Amanda R. , Varriano Sofia A. , McClung Maureen R. , Moran Matthew D. , Snyder William E.
Published: March 2021

Some insect populations are experiencing dramatic declines, endangering the crucial ecosystem services they provide. Yet, other populations appear robust, highlighting the need to better define patterns and underlying drivers of recent change in insect numbers. We examined abundance and biodiversity trends for North American butterflies using a unique citizen‐science dataset that has recorded observations of over 8 million butterflies across 456 species, 503 sites, nine ecoregions, and 26 years. Butterflies are a biodiverse group of pollinators, herbivores, and prey, making them useful bellwethers of environmental change. We found great heterogeneity in butterfly species’ abundance trends, aggregating near zero, but with a tendency toward decline. There was strong spatial clustering, however, into regions of increase, decrease, or relative stasis. Recent precipitation and temperature appeared to largely drive these patterns, with butterflies generally declining at increasingly dry and hot sites but increasing at relatively wet or cool sites. In contrast, landscape and butterfly trait predictors had little influence, though abundance trends were slightly more positive around urban areas. Consistent with varying responses by different species, no overall directional change in butterfly species richness or evenness was detected. Overall, a mosaic of butterfly decay and rebound hotspots appeared to largely reflect geographic variability in climate drivers. Ongoing controversy about insect declines might dissipate with a shift in focus to the causes of heterogeneous responses among taxa and sites, with climate change emerging as a key suspect when pollinator communities are broadly impacted.
Saturation of thylakoid‐associated fatty acids facilitates bioenergetic coupling in a marine diatom allowing for thermal acclimation
Authors: Cheong Kuan Yu , Firlar Emre , Ficaro Lia , Gorbunov Maxim Y. , Kaelber Jason T. , Falkowski Paul G.
Published: March 2021

In a rapidly warming world, we ask, “What limits the potential of marine diatoms to acclimate to elevated temperatures?,” a group of ecologically successful unicellular eukaryotic photoautotrophs that evolved in a cooler ocean and are critical to marine food webs. To this end, we examined thermal tolerance mechanisms related to photosynthesis in the sequenced and transformable model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Data from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fatty acid methyl ester‐gas chromatography mass spectrometry (FAME‐GCMS) suggest that saturating thylakoid‐associated fatty acids allowed rapid (on the order of hours) thermal tolerance up to 28.5°C. Beyond this critical temperature, thylakoid ultrastructure became severely perturbed. Biophysical analyses revealed that electrochemical leakage through the thylakoid membranes was extremely sensitive to elevated temperature (Q10 of 3.5). Data suggest that the loss of the proton motive force (pmf) occurred even when heat‐labile photosystem II (PSII) was functioning, and saturation of thylakoid‐associated fatty acids was active. Indeed, growth was inhibited when leakage of pmf through thylakoid membranes was insufficiently compensated by proton input from PSII. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the importance of rapid saturation of thylakoid‐associated fatty acids for ultrastructure maintenance and a generation of pmf at elevated temperatures. To the extent these experimental results apply, the ability of diatoms to generate a pmf may be a sensitive parameter for thermal sensitivity diagnosis in phytoplankton.
Clinical and dialysis‐related characteristics of extremely long‐term hemodialysis survivors: Three case reports
Authors: Malgaj Vrečko Marija , Ponikvar Rafael , Gubenšek Jakob , Buturović Ponikvar Jadranka
Published: March 2021

More than 40‐year hemodialysis survivors are living evidence of the achievements of hemodialysis therapy. We present the case reports of three patients treated by chronic hemodialysis for 47 (Patient 1), 43 (Patient 2), and 42 years (Patient 3) from a single center. These patients possess characteristics that were already shown to be associated with improved long‐term survival: initiation of hemodialysis at a young age, absence of diabetes, and a relatively low and stable body weight with good nutritional status. Although all of them underwent complications of long‐term hemodialysis treatment, they lived (Patient 3), or are still living (Patients 1 and 2), an independent and full life. Their hemodialysis prescriptions included long sessions with a moderate blood flow rate, state‐of‐the‐art hemodialysis technology, vascular access surgeries and care provided by nephrologists, good overall management of chronic kidney disease, and preventive measures and/or immediate action in case of cardiovascular disease.
Developmental innervation of cranial dura mater and migraine headache: A narrative literature review
Authors: Witten Andrew , Marotta Dario , Cohen‐Gadol Aaron
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Migraine headache prevalence, etiology, and clinical presentations change from childhood to adulthood. Dural innervation plays a role in headache symptomatology, but the changes in innervation during development have not been fully explored in the literature.

Methods

A narrative literature review on developmental innervation of cranial dura mater in the context of migraine headache.

Results

Dural structures, nerve distributions, and pain attributed to migraine headache at varying stages of development are discussed herein with a focus on clinical findings and presentations.

Conclusions

There are many differences in migraine presentation throughout development. Notably, the nervus spinosus and nervus tentorii may play a role in developmental differences in migraine headache presentations between children and adults.
Baseline sleep quality, stress, and depressive symptoms, and subsequent headache occurrence in a six‐week prospective cohort study of patients with episodic migraine
Authors: Vgontzas Angeliki , Li Wenyuan , Mostofsky Elizabeth , Mittleman Murray A. , Bertisch Suzanne M.
Published: March 2021

Objectives/Background

Despite the high prevalence of sleep disturbance, stress, and depressive symptoms among patients with episodic migraine, there has been limited prospective research examining how these comorbid symptoms relate to future headache risk.

Methods

We conducted an a priori secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of 98 adults with episodic migraine recruited through Harvard‐affiliated medical centers and local college student clinics in Boston, MA. At baseline, participants completed validated questionnaires on sleep quality, stress, and depressive symptoms. Over the next 6 weeks, they recorded headaches on twice‐daily diaries. We conducted time‐to‐event analyses to evaluate whether these baseline symptoms were associated with headache recurrence.

Results

At baseline, 45/98 (46%) participants had poor sleep quality, 51/98 (52%) reported moderate/high stress levels, and 18/98 (18%) had high depressive symptom scores. Over 4,406 person‐days, we observed 823 discrete headaches. In multivariable models, the hazard ratios for headache recurrence were: 1.22 (95% CI 1.02, 1.46) for people with baseline poor sleep, 1.12 (95% CI 0.93, 1.35) for those with baseline moderate/high stress compared to lower levels, and 1.31 (95% CI 1.05, 1.65) for the combination of poor sleep and moderate/high stress compared to the combination of good sleep and low stress. There was no association between depression scores and headache risk.

Conclusion

Among patients with episodic migraine, poor sleep was associated with a higher rate of headache recurrence over the next 6 weeks, especially among those with coexisting moderate/high stress.
Asylum seekers’ experiences on the migration journey to Italy (and beyond): Risk factors and future planning within a shifting political landscape
Authors: Ortensi Livia Elisa , Kingston Lindsey N.
Published: March 2021

Images of desperate migrants attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea often encapsulate Italy's role in global migration, yet a variety of political developments – including the closing of Italian ports to humanitarian ships since 2018 – highlight a political landscape that is increasingly opposed to newcomers. This study utilises survey‐based, quantitative interviews with 810 asylum seekers in Lombardy, conducted in 2017 and 2018, to better understand the impacts of recent political shifts. Findings show that the journey is becoming more dangerous, and that extremely adverse conditions are experienced across a range of categories. Data also suggest that despite the high rates of victimisation and growing anti‐migration sentiment, migrants plan to remain in Italy and would most likely make the same choices. Moving forward, these preliminary data emphasise the need for additional research – perhaps made possible with new communication technologies – and long‐term strategic responses, rather than short‐term ‘emergency’ planning.
Editorial: ‘The early bird catches the worm’—the need for even earlier intervention and targeted prevention for mental illnesses
Authors: Fisher Helen L.
Published: March 2021

Intervening early during childhood and adolescence to prevent mental health problems from becoming chronic, or even to prevent them occurring at all, has become an increasingly popular approach within the field of mental health over the past three decades. The importance of, and potential for, early preventive interventions in infancy, the pre‐natal period and even pre‐conception is highlighted by several of the papers featured in the current issue of the Journal, which are summarised in this editorial. Identifying children most at risk of mental illness in order to selectively target preventive efforts and carefully testing the effectiveness of these interventions, particularly in low‐and middle‐income country contexts, are crucial next steps as we move towards an era of more personalised and earlier prevention and intervention in mental health.
Health education interventions to promote health literacy in adults with selected non‐communicable diseases living in low‐to‐middle income countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Heine Martin , Lategan Frandene , Erasmus Misha , Lombaard Chris‐Mari , Mc Carthy Nina , Olivier Jeandri , van Niekerk Marnus , Hanekom Susan
Published: March 2021

Rationale, aims and objectives

Health illiteracy is an important contributor to the burden of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs); in particular in settings where health illiteracy is part of a perpetuating system of risk factors. Interventions that promote health literacy may provide an important tool in the primary and secondary prevention of NCDs. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of health literacy interventions on health literacy in the management of patients with selected NCDs living in low‐to‐middle income countries (LMIC).

Methods

Seven electronic databases were searched (October 29, 2020) for RCTs aimed at improving health literacy in adults with NCDs in LMICs. Eligible NCDs included those pertaining to cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic respiratory disease (CRD) or Diabetes. Studies were included that explicitly focussed on improving health literacy, and reported comprehensive measures of health literacy, or components thereof (ie, knowledge, attitude or behaviour). Random‐effect meta‐analyses were conducted for continuous outcome measures (Hedges‐g).

Results

The completed search yielded 2573 unique results of which 53 unique studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies included patients with cancer (n = 1, 2%), CRD (n = 8, 15%), CVD (n = 11, 21%) or Diabetes (n = 33, 62%). A significant (P < .01) summary effect was found for disease knowledge (SES = 1.27 [n = 23, 95%CI = 1.05‐1.49]), attitude (SES = 1.17 [n = 20, 95%CI = 0.88‐1.47]), and behaviour (SES = 1.20 [n = 31, 95%CI = 0.94‐1.46]).

Conclusions

These results support the conclusion that there is compelling evidence, in particular, for patients with Diabetes, that health‐literacy interventions are effective in promoting disease knowledge, attitude and behaviour across four chronic conditions that drive the burden of NCDs.
Racial disparity in end‐of‐life hospitalizations among nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Temkin‐Greener Helena , Yan Di , Wang Sijiu , Cai Shubing
Published: March 2021

Objective

Explore within and across nursing home (NH) racial disparities in end‐of‐life (EOL) hospitalizations for residents with Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD), and examine whether severe cognitive impairment influences these relationships.

Design

Observational study merging, at the individual level, C2014‐2017 national‐level Minimum Data Set (MDS), Medicare Beneficiary Summary Files (MBSF), and Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR). Nursing Home Compare (NHC) was also used.

Setting

Long‐stay residents who died in a NH or a hospital within 8 days of discharge.

Participants

Analytical sample included 665,033 decedent residents with ADRD in 14,595 facilities.

Main outcomes and measures

The outcome was hospitalization within 30 days of death. Key independent variables were race, severe cognitive impairment, and NH‐level proportion of black residents. Other covariates included socio‐demographics, dual eligibility, hospice enrollment, and chronic conditions. Facility‐level characteristics were also included (e.g. profit status, staffing hours, etc.). We fit linear probability models with robust standard errors, fixed and random effects.

Results

Compared to whites, black decedents had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher risk of EOL hospitalizations (7.88%). Among those with severe cognitive impairment, whites showed a lower risk of hospitalizations (6.04%). But EOL hospitalization risk among blacks with severe cognitive impairment was still significantly elevated (β = 0.0494; p < 0.01). A comparison of the base model with the fixed and random‐effects models showed statistically significant hospitalization risk by decedent's race both within and across facilities.

Conclusions and relevance

We found disparities between black and white residents with ADRD both within and across facilities. The within‐facility disparities may be due to residents' preferences and/or NH practices that contribute to differential treatment. The across facility differences point to the overall quality of care disparities in homes with a higher prevalence of black residents. Persistence of such systemic disparities among the most vulnerable individuals is extremely troubling.
The Quest for Indigenous Autonomy: Communication Media, Internal Conflicts, and Policy Reform in Colombia
Authors: Cortés Diego Mauricio
Published: March 2021

In 2013, the National Indigenous Organization of Colombia (ONIC) and the national government signed Agreement No. 547, which commissioned to the five main national indigenous organizations of the country the drafting of a bill to propel the strengthening of the indigenous media in Colombia. This political reform would represent a significant advance in the democratization of the historically monopolized and exclusive Colombian media landscape, thus fulfilling one of the mandates of the 1991 Colombian multicultural Constitution. However, due to internal conflicts within the indigenous leadership, these five organizations failed to present any bill to the Congress of the Republic of Colombia, wasting this historic opportunity. Based on this case, the discussion on “radical” Zapatista autonomy, and the concept of “indigenous utopias” proposed by Rappaport (2005) (rather than impossible dreams, objectives to strive for), this article argues that a robust autonomous indigenous governance depends on the constant search for a “utopian balance” between legal protections (centripetal forces) and de facto practices (centrifugal actions).
Attachment‐based family therapy in the age of telehealth and COVID‐19
Authors: Levy Suzanne , Mason Syreeta , Russon Jody , Diamond Guy
Published: March 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has transformed so many aspects of our lives. For psychotherapists, telehealth is likely a permanent part of the future mental health landscape. For family therapists using a manualized treatment, this brings unique challenges and creative opportunities. In this article, we describe the adaptation of attachment‐based family therapy (ABFT) in the context of telehealth and COVID‐19. ABFT is an empirically supported treatment model designed for adolescents and young adults struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and suicide. ABFT is a semi‐structured, process‐oriented, and trauma‐informed family therapy model which presents its own unique challenges and benefits in telehealth environments. We present our adaptations based on years of telehealth clinical experience and address how this model supports the impact of COVID‐19 on families.
Pituitrin local injection versus uterine artery embolization in the management of cesarean scar pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Jianing , Zhao Ruiheng , Qian Huiying , Lv Hongdao
Published: March 2021

Aim

To compare the effect of pituitrin local injection (PIT) and uterine artery embolization (UAE) as pretreatment before surgery during the management of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).

Methods

Forty‐nine CSP patients diagnosed in our department of Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital from October 2017 to October 2019. All patients underwent hysteroscopy and negative pressure aspiration (for type I CSP) or laparoscopic wedge‐resection (for type II and III CSP) following one of the preoperative treatments: PIT group (n = 26) and UAE group (n = 23). The baseline clinical data, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion rate, postoperative hospital stay, hospitalization expenses, postoperative pain, postoperative fever, postoperative serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) level, and pregnancy outcome were reviewed and analyzed.

Results

There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) between two groups in baseline characteristics including age, gravidity, previous cesarean section times, interval since last cesarean delivery, menolipsis time, maximum diameter of gestational sac or mass under ultrasound, fetal cardiac activity and preoperative β‐hCG level. There was no significant difference in blood loss, transfusion rate, and postoperative β‐hCG reduction percentage (p ≥ 0.05) either. The postoperative hospital stay, hospitalization expenses, postoperative pain, and postoperative fever rate in PIT group were significantly lower than those in UAE group (p < 0.05). Moreover, β‐hCG level of all patients turned negative 1 month after surgery successfully.

Conclusions

PIT pretreatment seems to be a same effective, more economical, and with fewer side effects pretreatment method compared to traditional UAE pretreatment in the management of CSP.
The association between quality of life and complementary and alternative medicine use in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Iskender Özlem , Kaplan Sena
Published: March 2021

Aim

This study investigated the association between quality of life and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum in Turkey.

Methods

This cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted between October 2017 and July 2018 in Turkey. The sample consisted of 240 pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Data were collected using a Demographic Information Form, the Index of Nausea, Vomiting, Retching, and the 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey.

Results

The majority (84.2%) of participants stated that they used CAM, mostly “biologically based therapies” (97.5%). They were most satisfied with the “mental and physical treatments” (3.71 ± 1.74). Participants who did not use CAM had a higher quality of life “emotional role” than those who used CAM (p = 0.038). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the other quality of life subscale scores between the two groups.

Conclusion

There is limited evidence for the association between quality of life and CAM use in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum in Turkey. Therefore, more evidence‐based research is warranted to evaluate the association between CAM use and quality of life in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum.
Using idiographic models to distinguish personality and psychopathology
Authors: Jackson Joshua J. , Beck Emorie D.
Published: March 2021

Objective

While the overlap between personality and psychopathology is well documented, few studies examine how the two overlap at a lower, moment‐to‐moment level. We took an idiographic approach to examine personality and psychopathology processes at the individual level. Doing so offers a unique perspective by incorporating both dynamic time and structural analysis, two components that are traditionally examined separately when investigating the overlap between personality and psychopathology.

Method

Two experience sample studies measured personality states and personality problems up to four‐times a day over a two‐week period (Study 1 N = 349, observations = 11,124; Study 2 N = 161, observations = 8,261).

Results

For some, personality states and personality problems are deeply intertwined, mirroring existing between‐person findings. But for others the two are separate, indicating it is possible to separate personality (states) from a person's problems. Between‐person differences in levels of depression had no association with the idiographic structure, indicating that between‐person constructs operate separately from within‐person processes. Finally, situations that are more likely to bring out personality problems did not alter the association between personality states and personality problems.

Conclusions

This method provides a novel conceptualization of personality–psychopathology overlap, bringing the focus beyond mostly static, between‐person models to more dynamic, individual‐level models.
Effectiveness and Renal Safety of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate among Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: Real‐World Study
Authors: Farag Mina S. , Fung Scott , Tam Edward , Doucette Karen , Wong Alexander , Ramji Alnoor , Conway Brian , Cooper Curtis , Tsoi Keith , Wong Philip , Sebastiani Giada , Brahmania Mayur , Haylock‐Jacobs Sarah , Coffin Carla S. , Hansen Bettina E. , Janssen Harry L.A.
Published: March 2021

Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) has high plasma stability resulting in fewer renal adverse events compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. We aimed to study the effectiveness and renal safety of TAF in a real‐world setting, in patients with or without compromised kidney function. CHB patients (Nucleos(t)ide Analogue [NA]‐naïve or experienced) who received TAF >1 year from 11 academic institutions as part of the Canadian Hepatitis B Network (CanHepB) were included. Kidney function was measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as per Cockcroft‐Gault. Patients were followed for up to 160 weeks. Of 176 patients receiving TAF, 143 switched from NA (88% TDF), and 33(19%) were NA naïve. Majority of NA‐naïve patients (75%) achieved undetectable HBV DNA after one year of TAF treatment. Majority of patients with eGFR <60 mL/min who had renal deterioration during TDF (76%) reversed to eGFR increase after one year of TAF (p=0.009). Among patients with stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) (eGFR 60–89), the estimated eGFR decline during TDF was halted after switching to TAF (p=0.09). NA‐experienced patients with abnormal ALT before TAF showed a significant decline after switching to TAF: −0.005 [−0.006 – −0.004] log10 ULN U/L/month, p<0.001). In CHB patients, TAF was safe, well‐tolerated and effective in this real‐world cohort. Switching to TAF led to improved kidney function, particularly in those with stage 2 CKD, which suggests that the indication for TAF in the guidelines could be extended to patients with an eGFR higher than 60 mL/min.
Argonaute 5 family proteins play crucial roles in the defence against Cymbidiummosaicvirus and Odontoglossumringspotvirus in Phalaenopsisaphrodite subsp. formosana
Authors: Kuo Song‐Yi , Hu Chung‐Chi , Huang Ying‐Wen , Lee Chin‐Wei , Luo Meng‐Jhe , Tu Chin‐Wei , Lee Shu‐Chuan , Lin Na‐Sheng , Hsu Yau‐Heiu
Published: March 2021

The orchid industry faces severe threats from diseases caused by viruses. Argonaute proteins (AGOs) have been shown to be the major components in the antiviral defence systems through RNA silencing in many model plants. However, the roles of AGOs in orchids against viral infections have not been analysed comprehensively. In this study, Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana was chosen as the representative to analyse the AGOs (PaAGOs) involved in the defence against two major viruses of orchids, Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV). A total of 11 PaAGOs were identified from the expression profile analyses of these PaAGOs in P. aphrodite subsp. formosana singly or doubly infected with CymMV and/or ORSV. PaAGO5b was found to be the only one highly induced. Results from overexpression of individual PaAGO5 family genes revealed that PaAGO5a and PaAGO5b play central roles in the antiviral defence mechanisms of P. aphrodite subsp. formosana. Furthermore, a virus‐induced gene silencing vector based on Foxtail mosaic virus was developed to corroborate the function of PaAGO5s. The results confirmed their importance in the defences against CymMV and ORSV. Our findings may provide useful information for the breeding of traits for resistance or tolerance to CymMV or ORSV infections in Phalaenopsis orchids.
Para‐nationalism: Sovereignty and authenticity in the Wa State of Myanmar
Authors: Steinmüller Hans
Published: March 2021

If nationalism is defined as a claim to sovereignty based on authenticity, para‐nationalism is nationalism in the state of war: urgent, yet ultimately futile. Modern warfare makes it particularly urgent for historical latecomers to national unity to claim their national sovereignty. Those claims, however, sometimes have to be postponed for the very same reason of military pragmatism. The double bind of nationalism at war is illustrated with the case study of the Wa State of Myanmar: Persistent military threat imparts great urgency to the promotion of authentic culture, the purification of a shared language and the rationalisation of violence. Yet at certain moments and places, the same objectives are put aside, in favour of working with what is at hand. Rather than a semiotic circle, it is suggested that the entanglement of para‐nationalism and war is primarily a pragmatic bond, which is accessible to ethnographic analysis.
Postcolonial nationalism and neo‐Pentecostalism: A case from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Santos da Costa Priscila
Published: March 2021

This article offers an anthropological analysis of a Papua New Guinean nationalist ideology deeply inspired by neo‐Pentecostalism. The basis for this study comes from ethnographic material collected during my fieldwork in the Parliament of Papua New Guinea (PNG), where I worked with a group of politicians and bureaucrats who have become known for their iconoclastic and evangelical actions, including their (in)famous destruction of traditional carvings. By mapping their narratives of nation building, I examine how two dimensions of Evangelical Christianity, namely, its focus on the Biblical scriptures and its demonology, were central to the formulation of this group's nationalist and postcolonial ideology. This work provides a contribution towards broader discussions on the effect of evangelical movements on nationalism around the contemporary world and, in particular, in the Global South.
Joint Awareness after Patellofemoral Arthroplasty Evaluated with the Forgotten Joint Score: A Comparison Study
Authors: Lin Wei , Dai Yike , Dong Conglei , Piao Kang , Hao Kuo , Wang Fei
Published: March 2021

Objective

The aim of the present study was to compare the forgotten joint score (FJS) in patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis who underwent patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) versus those who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to analyze the predictors of the FJS after PFA.

Methods

From January 2014 to December 2017, a retrospective cohort study of 56 consecutive patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis underwent PFA and were included in the PFA group. The patients in the PFA group were matched in a 1:1 ratio based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and follow‐up duration; 56 patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis underwent cruciate‐retaining TKA (TKA group). The FJS, range of motion of the knee, and Knee Society Score were assessed at 1 and 3 years postoperatively. In addition, the associations between the potential influencing factors (age, sex, BMI, and preoperative Iwano score of the patellofemoral joint) and the FJS were analyzed using multiple linear regression in the PFA group.

Results

There were no significant differences between the PFA and TKA groups regarding age (P = 0.316), sex (P = 0.832), BMI (P = 0.447), and follow‐up duration (P = 0.625). Postoperatively, the range of motion of the knee and Knee Society Score was significantly higher in the PFA group than the TKA group at both follow‐up points (P < 0.05). The PFA group had a significantly higher mean FJS than the TKA group at 1 year postoperatively (62.9 ± 12.3 vs 54.1 ± 14.2, P = 0.034) and 3 years postoperatively (63.3 ± 14.1 vs 55.6 ± 16.4, P = 0.042). In the PFA group, multiple linear regression analysis showed that older age was positively correlated with the FJS, while a higher BMI was negatively correlated with the FJS.

Conclusion

The patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis who underwent PFA were more likely to forget the artificial joint and, consequently, may experience a higher degree of satisfaction. In addition, we identified two preoperative patient‐related factors (age and BMI) that may predict the FJS after PFA, which might help in chosing the most appropriate operation.
Genetic predisposition to long telomeres is associated with increased mortality after melanoma: A study of 2101 melanoma patients from hospital clinics and the general population
Authors: Ismail Hafsa , Helby Jens , Hölmich Lisbet R. , H. Chakera Annette , Bastholt Lars , Klyver Helle , Sjøgren Pia , Schmidt Henrik , Schöllhammer Liv , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Bojesen Stig E.
Published: March 2021

Whether there is an association between measured and genetically predicted telomere length and melanoma mortality is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that measured and genetically predicted telomere length is associated with mortality after a melanoma diagnosis. We followed 2,101 patients with melanoma from hospital clinics and the general population for risk of death for up to 26 years. All had telomere length measured in DNA from leukocytes, and 2052 of these were genotyped for the three single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7726159 (TERT), rs1317082 (TERC), and rs2487999 (OBFC1); all three genotypes are associated with telomere length and combined into an allele count from 0 to 6. For each telomere‐lengthening allele, the hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality in the age‐adjusted and multivariable‐adjusted Cox analysis were 1.12 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.23) and 1.11 (1.01–1.23). However, for each standard deviation increase in measured telomere length, HR for mortality was 0.97 (0.88–1.08). In conclusion, in more than 2000 melanoma patients from hospital clinics and from the general population, genetically predicted long telomeres were associated with increased mortality, but measured leukocyte telomere length was not.
Clinical characteristics associated with increased wound size in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Solis Daniel C. , Gorell Emily S. , Teng Claudia , Barriga Melissa , Nazaroff Jaron , Li Shufeng , Subica Andrew , Lu Ying , Marinkovich M. Peter , Tang Jean Y.
Published: March 2021

As more therapeutic clinical trials focus on treatment of individual wounds in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, it has become crucial to understand the baseline clinical characteristics of these wounds. To investigate these features, we administered an RDEB‐specific wound survey. Forty participants reported on location, size, pain, infection frequency, wound type, and duration of 189 wounds; a subset of 22 participants reported on pruritus in 63 wounds. Increased wound size was significantly associated with increased pain, increased pruritus, longer wound duration, increased infection frequency, and patients with mutations resulting in truncated type VII collagen.
National survey of nurse home visitor collaboration with health care and social services
Authors: Williams Venice Ng , Brooks‐Russell Ashley , McManus Beth M. , Yost Elly , Olds David L. , Tung Gregory J.
Published: March 2021

Objective

To assess the degree to which nurses in a national public health home visiting program collaborate with interprofessional providers to serve families experiencing adversity.

Design

A descriptive, cross‐sectional survey measured collaborative practices between nurse home visitors, health care, and social service providers. A census of 263 nursing supervisors completed a web‐based survey.

Measurements

The survey included the validated 7‐item Relational Coordination Scale, adapted items from the Interagency Collaboration Activities Scale on shared resources, and items related to collaboration attitudes and beliefs. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.

Results

Relational coordination scores, which are relative measures, ranged from 1 to 5; highest with supplemental nutrition for Women, Infants & Children (M = 3.77) and early intervention (M = 3.44); and lowest with housing (M = 2.55). The greatest sharing of resources was with supplemental nutrition (sum = 12.95) and mental health providers (sum = 11.81), and least with housing (sum = 7.26); with a range of 1–30 where higher scores indicated greater resource‐sharing.

Conclusion

Home visiting nurses collaborate with interprofessional providers with variation in the degree of collaboration between agencies and by provider type within an agency. Collaboration was a function of two interrelated domains: interpersonal relationships supported by organizational and contextual factors at the systems‐level.
Growth and grain yield of eight maize hybrids are aligned with water transport, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis in a semi‐arid irrigated system
Authors: Gleason Sean M. , Nalezny Lauren , Hunter Cameron , Bensen Robert , Chintamanani Satya , Comas Louise H.
Published: March 2021

There is increasing interest in understanding how trait networks can be manipulated to improve the performance of crop species. Working towards this goal, we have identified key traits linking the acquisition of water, the transport of water to the sites of evaporation and photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and growth across eight maize hybrid lines grown under well‐watered and water‐limiting conditions in Northern Colorado. Under well‐watered conditions, hybrids with higher end‐of‐season growth and grain yield exhibited higher leaf‐specific conductance, lower operating water potentials, higher rates of midday stomatal conductance, higher rates of net CO2 assimilation, and greater leaf osmotic adjustment. This trait network was similar under water‐limited conditions with the notable exception that linkages between water transport, midday stomatal conductance, and growth were even stronger than under fully watered conditions. The maintenance of high leaf‐specific conductance throughout the day was achieved via higher maximal conductance rates rather than lower susceptibility to conductance loss. Our results suggest that efforts to improve maize performance in well‐watered and water‐limiting conditions would benefit from considering the physiological trait networks governing water and carbon flux rather than focusing on single traits independently of one another.
A review on sox genes in fish
Authors: Hu Yacheng , Wang Binzhong , Du Hejun
Published: March 2021

The Sry‐related high mobility group box (Sox) genes family is a group of transcription factors playing crucial roles during reproduction and development. At least 50% amino acid sequences of Sox protein family are similarity to the sex‐determining region on the Y chromosome (Sry). The sox family exists throughout the invertebrates and vertebrates and plays an important role in sex determination and differentiation, gonadal development, neurogenesis, formation of multiple tissues and organs, early embryonic development, chondrocyte differentiation, cardio‐vascular system, and other features in fish. The full characters of sox genes at the genome‐wide level have been reported in many fish species, due to the rapid development of high‐throughput DNA sequencing technique and massive accumulation of genomic data. Here, the research progress of fish sox gene family is reviewed to provide the latest information for the research in this field.
Physical performance and loading for six playing positions in elite female football: full‐game, end‐game, and peak periods
Authors: Panduro Jeppe , Ermidis Georgios , Røddik Line , Vigh‐Larsen Jeppe F. , Madsen Esben Elholm , Larsen Malte Nejst , Pettersen Svein Arne , Krustrup Peter , Randers Morten B.
Published: March 2021

The present study investigated the position‐specific match demands and heart rate response of female elite footballers, with special focus on the full‐game, end‐game, and peak‐intensity periods. In total, 217 match observations were performed in 94 players from all eight teams of the best Danish Women's League, that is, goalkeepers (GK, n = 10), central defenders (CD, n = 23), full‐backs (FB, n = 18), central midfielders (CM, n = 28), external midfielders (EM, n = 18), and forwards (FW, n = 11). Positional data (GPS; 10 Hz Polar Team Pro) and HR responses were collected. HRmean and HRpeak were 87%‐89% and 98%‐99% of HRmax, for outfield players, with no positional differences. CM, EM, and FB covered 8%‐14% greater (P < .001) match distances than CD. EM, FW, FB, and CM performed 40%‐64% more (P < .05) high‐speed running and 41%‐95% more (P < .01) very‐high‐speed running (VHSR) than CD. From the first to the last 15‐minute period, total distance, except for FW, number of VHSR, except FB, peak speed and sum of accelerations and sum of decelerations decreased (P < .05) for all outfield positions. In the most intense 5‐minute period, EM, FB, and CM performed 25%‐34% more (P < .01) HSR than CD, whereas EM, FW, and FB performed 36%‐49% more (P < .01) VHSR than CD. In conclusion, competitive elite female matches impose high physical demands on all outfield playing positions, with high aerobic loading throughout matches and marked declines in high‐speed running and intense accelerations and decelerations toward the end of games. Overall physical match demands are much lower for central defenders than for the other outfield playing positions, albeit this difference is minimized in peak‐intensity periods.
Association between pattern of team sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health
Authors: Murray Ross M. , Sabiston Catherine M. , Doré Isabelle , Bélanger Mathieu , O’Loughlin Jennifer L.
Published: March 2021

We examined relationships between pattern of team sport participation during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood (ie, non‐participants, initiators, discontinuers, sustainers) and indicators of mental health. Data on team sport participation and mental health from high school to young adulthood were drawn from the longitudinal NDIT study. After controlling for demographics, physical activity, and previous mental health, one‐way MANCOVA and ANCOVAs indicated that pattern of team sport participation was associated with stress, F(2,706) =8.28, p < .01, and coping, F(2,706) = 10.66, p < .01 in young adulthood. Compared to non‐participants (24% of sample) or those who discontinued team sport after adolescence (51%), individuals who sustained team sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood (22%) reported lower stress and better coping levels. Bivariate regression analysis indicated that, compared to non‐participants, team sport sustainers were less likely to experience panic disorder symptoms (OR =0.57, 95% CI [0.34, 0.94], p = .03). There were too few team sport initiators (2%) to be included in analyses. Sustained team sport participation during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood may promote better mental health. Further research is needed to ascertain causality and develop strategies to encourage individuals to join sport teams during adolescence and sustain participation while transitioning to young adulthood.
The moral case for coal: The ethics of complicity with and amongst Australian pro‐coal lobbyists
Authors: Dahlgren Kari
Published: March 2021

Concern with climate change, and coal's contribution to it, has centred coal in an intensely moralised politics of accusation in Australia. This paper discusses the ordinary ethics through which pro‐coal lobbyists in Australia relate to this moralised landscape and offers an analysis of the everyday and ordinary production of complicity with climate change. It argues that complicity is not just something that insufficiently ethical people engage in, but instead highlights the ways in which the coal industry derives a moral weight for its defenders. This complicity is made and reproduced precisely through the everyday practices of ethical deliberation figured in response to interpersonal moral accusations. These insights are made possible through the author's own positionality and surprising affinities with pro‐coal lobbyists, and thus this paper argues for an anthropology of extractive industry which embraces the interplay of anthropological rapport with complicity.
Significance of caveolin‐1 immunohistochemical staining differences in biopsy samples from kidney recipients with BK virus viremia
Authors: Arpali Emre , Sunnetcioglu Ecem , Demir Erol , Saglam Arzu , Ozluk Yasemin , Velioglu Arzu , Yelken Berna , Baydar Dilek E. , Turkmen Aydin , Oguz Fatma S.
Published: March 2021

BK virus infections which usually remains asymptomatic in healthy adults may have different clinical manifestations in immunocompromised patient population. BK virus reactivation can cause BK virus nephropathy in 8% of kidney transplant patients and graft loss may be seen if not treated. Clathrin or Caveolar system is known to be required for the transport of many viruses from Polyomaviruses family including BK viruses. In this study, kidney transplant patients with BK virus viremia were divided into two groups according to the BK virus nephropathy found in kidney biopsy (Group I: Viremia+, Nephropathy+ / Group II: Viremia+, Nephropathy−). Kidney biopsies were examined with immunohistochemical staining to determine the distribution and density of the Caveolin‐1 and Clathrin molecules. Immunohistochemical staining of the 31 pathologic specimens with anti‐caveolin‐1 immunoglobulin revealed statistically significant difference between group‐I and group‐II. The number of the specimens stained with anti‐caveolin‐1 was less in group I. On the other hand, we did not find any difference between the groups regarding the anti‐clathrin immunochemical analysis. According to these findings, caveolin‐1 expression differences in kidney transplant patients may be important in disease progression.
Making space for drones: The contested reregulation of airspace in Tanzania and Rwanda
Authors: Lockhart Andy , While Aidan , Marvin Simon , Kovacic Mateja , Odendaal Nancy , Alexander Christian
Published: March 2021

In contrast to their use in warfare and surveillance, there is growing interest in the potential of “drones for good” to deliver societal benefits, for example by delivering medical products and other essential goods. Yet development of medical and commercial delivery has been limited globally by restrictive regulation to protect airspace safety and security. In this paper we examine how certain African countries have become testbeds for new forms of drone infrastructure and regulation, driven by the overlapping interests of governments, drone operators, and international development agencies. In particular we explore the factors that have led to the development of an advanced medical delivery network in Rwanda and contrast that with the closing down of airspace for drones in Tanzania. The paper makes a distinctive contribution to research on the ongoing constitution of dronespace as a sphere of commercial and governmental activity. Rwanda’s drone delivery system is seen as the forerunner for the wider enclosure and parcelling up of the lower atmosphere into designated drone corridors that limit the democratic and disruptive potential of drone activity in line with prevailing logics of airspace regulation.